bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the advantages of earth construction in urban housing in the United Kingdom
Authors: Zami Mohammad Sharif 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Earth building material is beneficial in urban housing in the United Kingdom, particularly with regard to the promotion of environmental sustainability. Due to higher demand to achieve sustainable development around the world, researchers and innovators are increasingly turning their attention to efficient ways to address climate change and excessive CO2 emissions. Contemporary earth construction certainly contributes to reducing current global CO2 emissions and achieving environmental sustainability. Existing literature documents numerous benefits to constructing in earth, yet a critical review of the literature shows that, in many cases, these benefits are empirically unsubstantiated. Moreover, some benefits found in literature seemingly conflict and are often context and/or project specific. This paper aims to address some of these incongruities through an in-depth analysis of the advantages of earth construction in the development of UK urban housing. To achieve this aim, an interpretivist research philosophy was employed, including an up-to-date state of art literature review on the topic, and validation through the Delphi technique and in-depth interviews of construction professionals in the field of earth construction. The results show that earth building is very safe for the environment, it saves energy, promote self-help construction and significantly contribute achieving all aspects of environmental sustainability in the United Kingdom.
Induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the endometrium by chronic endometritis in infertile patients
Authors: Ishida Mitsuaki , Takebayashi Akie , Kimura Fuminori , Kitazawa Jun , Hanada Tetsuro , Tsuta Koji , murakami Takashi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between chronic endometritis (CE) and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the eutopic endometrium of infertile patients in the implantation phase.
Methods
Endometrial biopsy specimens from 74 infertility patients were enrolled. The presence of CE was investigated by immunostaining for CD138. Immunohistochemical staining for E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Slug, and Snail was performed, and expression profiles were statistically analyzed according to the presence of CE. When loss of E-cadherin expression and/or positive N-cadherin expression was detected, the specimen was considered EMT-positive. EMT-positive cases were also statistically analyzed according to the presence of CE. Patients’ characteristics were compared between the EMT-positive and EMT-negative groups. Logistic regression analysis was also performed with variables including age, body mass index (BMI), gravidity, parity, and each factor causing infertility to examine the independent effect of each variable on EMT-positive status.
Results
Loss of E-cadherin expression, N-cadherin expression and EMT-positive were significant in CE patients (p = 0.0037, 0.0039 and < 0.0001, respectively). Slug, cytoplasmic Snail, and nuclear Snail expression were significant in CE patients (p = 0.0008, 0.0004 and 0.028, respectively). Differences were detected in unexplained infertility and CE between EMT-positive and EMT-negative cases. Unexplained infertility and CE were identified as variables related to EMT-positive status on logistic analysis.
Conclusion
The EMT was frequent in the eutopic endometrium in infertile patients with CE. Since the EMT is associated with unexplained infertility and CE, the EMT appears to be involved in altered mechanisms of implantation.
Comprehensive at-arrival transcriptomic analysis of post-weaned beef cattle uncovers type I interferon and antiviral mechanisms associated with bovine respiratory disease mortality
Authors: Scott Matthew A. , Woolums Amelia R. , Swiderski Cyprianna E. , Perkins Andy D. , Nanduri Bindu , Smith David R. , Karisch Brandi B. , Epperson William B. , Blanton John R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDespite decades of extensive research, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains the most devastating disease in beef cattle production. Clinical diagnosis relies upon non-specific signs, which lack sensitivity. Thus, post-weaned beef cattle are often metaphylactically administered antimicrobials at facility arrival, which poses concerns regarding antimicrobial stewardship and resistance. Additionally, there is a lack of high-quality research that addresses the gene-by-environment interactions that underlie why some cattle that develop BRD die while others survive. Therefore, it is necessary to decipher the underlying host genomic factors associated with BRD mortality versus survival to help determine BRD risk and severity. Using transcriptomic analysis of at-arrival whole blood samples from cattle that died of BRD, as compared to those that developed signs of BRD but lived (n = 3 DEAD, n = 3 ALIVE), we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and associated pathways in cattle that died of BRD. Additionally, we evaluated unmapped reads, which are often overlooked within transcriptomic experiments.Results69 DEGs (FDR < 0.10) were identified between ALIVE and DEAD cohorts. Several DEGs possess immunological and proinflammatory function and associations with TLR4 and IL6. Biological processes, pathways, and disease phenotype associations related to type-I interferon production and antiviral defense were enriched in DEAD cattle at arrival. Unmapped reads aligned primarily to various ungulate assemblies, but failed to align to viral assemblies.ConclusionThis study further revealed increased proinflammatory immunological mechanisms in cattle that develop BRD. DEGs upregulated in DEAD cattle were predominantly involved in innate immune pathways typically associated with antiviral defense, although no viral genes were identified within unmapped reads. Our findings provide genomic targets for further analysis in cattle at highest risk of BRD, suggesting that mechanisms related to type I interferons and antiviral defense may be indicative of viral respiratory disease at arrival and contribute to eventual BRD mortality.
Biotransformation of Aromatic Methyl Groups to Aldehyde Groups Using Laccase of Gloephyllum Stratum MTCC-1117
Authors: SAHAY RAM 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Laccases has been produced by white rot fungi are involved in lignin containing natural substrates wheat-straw, bagasse, saw-dust, corn cob and coir dust particle on the production of laccase enzyme in the aqueous cultivation medium of Gloephyllum stratum MTCC1117. The approach involved concentration of aqueous filtrate by ultrafiltration and anion exchange chromatography on DEAE (diethyl aminoethyl cellulose). From SDS-PAGE analysis the molecular mass of the purified enzyme is 57 kDa. The Km and kcat values of the laccase are found to be 18 μM and 0.34 s-1 using 2,6-dimethoxyphenol as the substrate, giving a kcat/Km value is 1.70 x 103 M-1 s-1. The pH and temperature optimum were 4.5 and 40 °C respectively. The purified enzyme has yellow colour and does not show absorption band around 610 nm found in blue laccases. Moreover the conversion of methylbenzene to benzaldehyde in the lack of mediator molecules, property exhibited by yellow laccases.
Duodenal major papilla morphology can affect biliary cannulation and complications during ERCP, an observational study
Authors: Chen Po-Han , Tung Chun-Fang , Peng Yen-Chung , Yeh Hong-Zen , Chang Chi-Sen , Chen ChiaChang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction We investigated whether duodenal major papilla morphology could be a risk factor for failure of selective biliary cannulation (SBC) and post endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and pancreatography (ERCP) complications. Method A prospectively recorded database was reviewed retrospectively. Patients were included if they received therapeutic ERCP and had naïve major duodenal papilla. We used Haraldsson’s classification for papilla morphology, as follows: Regular (Type 1), Small (Type 2), Protruding or Pendulous (Type 3) and Creased or Ridged (Type 4). Risk factors for failing SBC and post-ERCP complications were analyzed by multivariate analysis. Results A total of 286 cases were included. Age, gender, indications and therapeutic procedures were not different among the four types of papillae. The failure rates of SBC with Type 3 papilla and Type 4 papilla were 11.11% and 6.25%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, Type 2 papilla (odd ratio 7.18, p= 0.045) and Type 3 papilla (odd ratio 7.44, p= 0.016) were associated with greater SBC failure compared with Type 1 papilla. Malignant obstruction compared to stone (odds ratio 4.45, p=0.014) and age (odd ratio=1.06, p=0.010) were also risk factors for cannulation failure. Type 2 papilla was correlated with a higher rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis (20%, p=0.020) compared to the other types of papilla However, papilla morphology was not a significant risk factor for any complications in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion Small papilla and protruding or pendulous papilla are more difficult to cannulate compared to regular papilla. Small papilla is associated with a higher rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis.
Diagnostic Pitfall of Thyroid Fine-needle Aspiration Induced Fibrosis: Follicular Adenoma Mimicking Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma in Frozen Section
Authors: Moon Woo Sung , Kang Myoung Jae , Youn Hyun Jo , Kim Kyoung Min 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a frequently utilized method for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Although the technique has clear advantages, the injury caused by the aspiration needle can induce various histological alterations. Herein, we report a case of follicular adenoma showing histological alterations possibly caused by FNA biopsy. Furthermore, the histological appearance of the lesion mimicked those of medullary thyroid carcinoma, particularly in the frozen section. Case presentation: Ultrasonography of a thyroid nodule in a 39-year-old man revealed a mass (2.2cm in diameter) in the right thyroid lobe. FNA was performed three times on the mass, and the results of the cytology were atypia of undetermined significance. Thereafter, the patient underwent right hemithyroidectomy. The histological findings of the operative frozen section analysis indicated medullary thyroid carcinoma. However, after evaluation and immunohistochemical staining of the permanent section, the mass was diagnosed as follicular adenoma with extensive fibrosis.Conclusion:The histological alterations observed in the follicular adenoma are believed to have been caused by injury during the repeated FNA procedures.
Low Arterial Oxygen Partial Pressure Induces Pulmonary Thrombocytopenia in Patients and a Mouse Model
Authors: Wu Limeng , Guo Ninghong , Xu Zhenyan , Wang Wei , Xiong Qinmei , Hu Jinzhu , Wan Rong , Hong Kui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Recent basic studies demonstrate that the lung is a primary organ of platelet biogenesis. However, whether the pathophysiological state of the lung affect the platelets is little known. We aim to investigate the incidence of thrombocytopenia in patients with pulmonary infection (PIN) and risk factors associated with pulmonary thrombocytopenia.
Methods
In total, 11941 patients with pulmonary infection (PIN) were enrolled, and patients with three other infectious diseases were collected as controls. The incidence of thrombocytopenia was compared, and the risk factors associated with thrombocytopenia in PIN patients were investigated by multivariate analysis. To explore the mechanism of thrombocytopenia, hypoxic model were constructed. Blood platelet counts from the angular vein (PLTs), left ventricle (PLTpost) and right ventricle (PLTpre) were determined. Megakaryocyte staining with a CD41-specific antibody in the lungs was detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence.
Results
The incidence of thrombocytopenia in PIN patients was higher than that in the other three types of infectious disease patients(9.8% vs 6.4%~5.0%, P < 0.001). Relatively low arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) was an important risk factor for thrombocytopenia (OR = 0.88; P < 0.001). In a hypoxic mouse model, PLTs were decreased (518.38 ± 127.92 vs 840.75 ± 77.30, P < 0.05), which showed that the low PaO2 could induce thrombocytopenia. The difference between the PLTpost and PLTpre (△PLTpost−pre) represented the production of platelets in the lungs, which was significantly attenuated in hypoxic mice compared with normoxic mice (F = 25.47, P < 0.05). Additionally, CD41-positive megakaryocyte numbers in the lungs were decreased in hypoxic mice.
Conclusion
PIN is a susceptibility factor for thrombocytopenia. Low PaO2-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with impaired platelet generation in the lungs.
Povidone-iodine demonstrates rapid in-vitro virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19 disease
Authors: Anderson Danielle E. , Sivalingam Velraj , Kang Adrian Eng Zheng , Ananthanarayanan Abhishek , Arumugam Harsha , Jenkins Timothy M. , Hadjiat Yacine , Eggers Maren 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Within six months of its emergence, SARS‑CoV‑2 has infected 5.5 million people worldwide, causing >345,000 deaths. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and physical contact from contaminated surfaces to the mucosa. Hand hygiene and oral decontamination among other measures are key to preventing the spread of the virus. We report the in-vitro virucidal activity of topical and oral povidone-iodine (PVP‑I) products against SARS‑CoV‑2.Methods: Suspension assays were used to assess the virucidal activity of PVP‑I against SARS‑CoV‑2. Products were tested at a contact time of 30 seconds for virucidal activity. Viral titres were calculated using the Spearman-Kärber method and reported as TCID50/mL.Results: All four products (antiseptic solution [PVP-I 10%], skin cleanser [PVP-I 7.5%], gargle and mouth wash [PVP-I 1%] and throat spray [PVP-I 0.45%] achieved ≥99.99% virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2, corresponding to ≥4 log10 reduction of virus titre, within 30 seconds of contact.Conclusion: This study provides evidence of rapid and effective virucidal activity of PVP-I against SARS-CoV-2. PVP-I-based products are widely available for medical and personal use for hand hygiene and oral decontamination and could be readily integrated into COVID-19 infection control measures in hospital and community settings.
Antiviral Activity of Digoxin and Ouabain against SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Its Implication for COVID-19
Authors: Cho Junhyung , Lee Young Jae , Kim Je-Hyoung , Kim Sang il , Kim Sung Soon , Choi Byeong-Sun , Choi Jang-Hoon 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is exacerbated by the absence of effective therapeutic agents. Notably, among patients with COVID-19, 10–40% of those with cardiac injury have more comorbidities such as acute heart failure and lymphocytopenia. An efficient strategy to response this issue is drug repurposing with expecting antiviral activity and therapeutic effect. Digoxin (DIG) and ouabain (OUA) are FDA drugs for heart diseases and have antiviral activity against several coronaviruses. Thus, we aimed this study to assess antiviral activity of DIG and OUA against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of DIG, and OUA were determined at a nanomolar concentration. Progeny virus titers of single dose treatment of DIG and OUA were approximately 103 and 104-fold lower (> 99% inhibition) than that of non-treated control or chloroquine at 48 hour post-infection (hpi). Furthermore, therapeutic treatment of DIG and OUA inhibited over 99 % of SARS-CoV-2 replication, leading to viral inhibition at post entry stage of the virus life cycle. Collectively, these results suggested that DIG and OUA could be an alternative treatment for COVID-19 with potential therapeutic effect for patients with cardiovascular disease.
­­The Combined Outcomes of the COVID-19 Pandemic and a Collapsing Economy on Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sacre Hala , Hajj Aline , Badro Danielle A , Selwan Carla Abou , Aoun Randa , Salameh Pascale 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed at examining the combined outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic and a collapsing economy on the quality of life (QOL) of the general Lebanese population.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from 10-18 May 2020, via an online-based questionnaire using the snowball sampling technique. It enrolled 502 adult participants.ResultsThe QOL had a mean of 14.80[14.37;15.24]. A lower QOL was associated with female gender (beta=-1.533[-2.324;-0.743]), university education (beta=-2.119[-3.353;-0.885]), fear of COVID-19 (beta=-0.131[-0.199;-0.063]), fear of poverty (beta=-0.232[-0.402;-0.063]), verbal violence at home (beta=-3.464[-5.137;-1.790]), and chronic disease (beta=-1.307[-2.283;-0.330]). Better family satisfaction (beta=0.380[0.235;0.525]) and better financial situation (beta=0.029[0.003;0.055]) were significantly correlated with better QOL. In the subsample of workers/looking for a job, additional factors affected QOL: physical exercise (beta=1.318[0.370;2.265]) was associated with better QOL, while previous waterpipe smoking, being self-employed before the crisis (beta=-1.22[-2.208;-0.231]), working from home since the economic crisis (-1.853[-3.692;-0.013]), closure of the institution (beta=-1.201[-2.607;0.204]), and worrying about long-term effects of the crisis on one's employment status (beta=-0.433[-0.650;-0.216]) were associated lower QOL; the fear of COVID-19 was not significantly associated with QOL (p>0.05).ConclusionThis study showed that during the pandemic, economic and other factors, directly or indirectly related to COVID-19, significantly affected quality of life. The fear of COVID-19 and fear of poverty mainly impacted the QOL of the general population; however, the fear of COVID-19 lost its significance among workers, who reported that factors negatively affecting their QOL are directly related to their employment and the already collapsing economy in Lebanon.
Effective programs and strategies on suicide prevention: combination of review of systematic reviews with expert opinions
Authors: Azizi Hosein , Farahbakhsh Mostafa , Fakhari Ali , Esmaeili Elham Davtalab , Mirzapour Mohammad , Aslrahimi Vahab , Barzegar Habibeh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Suicide is a complex and ongoing public health crisis which is a misinterpreted course of death that strongly affects communities’ and individuals’ mental health and quality of life. Health managers often do not have adequate information for decision making on what strategy makes an effective impact on suicide prevention. Despite the availability of global Suicide Prevention Programs (SPP) around the world, no previous investigation has developed combinations of a review of systematic reviews with expert opinions. The present study was aimed to identify effective community-based strategies for suicide prevention.
Methods
We used two methods for selecting the best and effective SPP. 1) review of systematic reviews: we systematically searched to find relevant review studies through Medline, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and grey literatures, from January 1, 2011, and December 30, 2014. 2) Expert panel opinions: effective strategies identified from the previous step were combined with field and academic expert views via the Hanlon method. Then the strategies have been rated based on the following five criteria: feasibility, importance, cost-effectiveness, timeliness, acceptability.
Results
Of the total of 489 identified records, 9 reviews included in the review of systematic reviews. A total of 12 effective SPP were found. Expert panel then prioritized strategies based on Hanlon method as following: 1) case management of attempters to prevent future attempts, 2) identification and treatment of depression, 3) improving registry for suicide, 4) identification and investigation of suicidal behaviors’ risk factors, 5) public education campaigns in hotspots, 6) gatekeepers’ training, 7) conducting research, 8) school-based training 9) improving knowledge and attitudes, 10) restricting access to means of suicide, 11) screening of suicide ideation and at-risk people, and 12) mass media role, respectively.
Conclusion
Management of suicide attempters, developing a registry for suicide, and treatment of depression were three priority and basic interventions suggested after evidence combined with the expert panel. Suicide is a multifaceted phenomenon that is strongly affected by local beliefs. Effective management of suicide requires up-to-date information through a combination of evidence with expert views at the local level where SPP are implemented.
Gracilis Muscle Flap after Superficial Inguinal Lymphadenectomy in an Irradiated Inguinal Field: A Case Report
Authors: Valenzuela Cristian D. , Finlay David , Sabry Zakir , Mariadason James G. , Wallack Marc K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The sartorius muscle transposition flap is the traditional method of femoral vessel tissue coverage after superficial inguinal lymphadenectomy for regionally-metastatic cancers to the inguinal lymph nodes. Well-vascularized muscle is the best material to cover vessels. However, if the groin has undergone radiation therapy, the sartorius muscle is contained within the irradiated field, and may be problematic for wound healing, in addition to being thin and tendinous at its insertion and intimately related to several nerves. The gracilis muscle, which is a thick well-vascularized muscle, has been used for soft tissue defects and vascular graft infections, but its utility as an alternative to the sartorius muscle flap in the setting of radiation has never been reported. Here, we report the successful use of the retroflexed gracilis muscle flap for femoral vessel coverage after superficial inguinal lymphadenectomy, in a patient who previously underwent chemoradiation for locally-metastatic anal squamous cell carcinoma to the groin. Case Presentation: An 86-year old female presented with Stage IIIB anal squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to one left inguinal lymph node (T2N2M0). She underwent modified Nigro protocol chemoradiation treatment, which included radiation to bilateral inguinal node basins and subsequent boost radiation to the left side. A left superficial inguinal lymphadenectomy was performed with a retroflexed gracilis muscle flap to cover the femoral vessels. This was chosen over a sartorius flap because the gracilis muscle was not located within the field of radiation and was more robust to fill the defect. The patient developed a groin wound infection, and the gracilis muscle flap remained viable and successfully protected the major vessels. Conclusions: We report the gracilis muscle flap as a viable alternative to the sartorius transposition muscle flap for femoral vessel coverage after oncologic superficial inguinal lymphadenectomy in the irradiated groin.