bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors that influence the scale up of new interventions in low-income settings: a qualitative case study of the introduction of chlorhexidine cleansing of the umbilical cord in Bangladesh
Authors: Callaghan-Koru Jennifer A , Islam Munia , Khan Marufa , Sowe Ardy , Islam Jahrul , Mannan Imteaz Ibne , George Joby ,   The Bangladesh Chlorhexidine Scale Up Study Group
Published: December 2019

Abstract
There is a well-recognized need for empirical study of processes and factors that influence scale up of evidence-based interventions in low-income countries to address the ‘know-do’ gap. We undertook a qualitative case study of the scale up of chlorhexidine cleansing of the umbilical cord (CHX) in Bangladesh to identify and compare facilitators and barriers for the institutionalization and expansion stages of scale up. Data collection and analysis for this case study were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the WHO/ExpandNet model of scale up. At the national level, we interviewed 20 stakeholders involved in CHX policy or implementation. At the district level, we conducted interviews with 31 facility-based healthcare providers in five districts and focus group discussions (FGDs) with eight community-based providers and eight programme managers. At the community level, we conducted 7 FGDs with 53 mothers who had a baby within the past year. Expanded interview notes were thematically coded and analysed following an adapted Framework approach. National stakeholders identified external policy and incentives, and the engagement of stakeholders in policy development through the National Technical Working Committee for Newborn Health, as key facilitators for policy and health systems changes. Stakeholders, providers and families perceived the intervention to be simple, safe and effective, and more consistent with family preferences than the prior policy of dry cord care. The major barriers that delayed or decreased the public health impact of the scale up of CHX in Bangladesh’s public health system related to commodity production, procurement and distribution. Bangladesh’s experience scaling up CHX suggests that scale up should involve early needs assessments and planning for institutionalizing new drugs and commodities into the supply chain. While the five CFIR domains were useful for categorizing barriers and facilitators, additional constructs are needed for common health systems barriers in low-income settings.
Community engagement for health system resilience: evidence from Liberia’s Ebola epidemic
Authors: Barker Kathryn M , Ling Emilia J , Fallah Mosoka , VanDeBogert Brian , Kodl Yvonne , Macauley Rose Jallah , Viswanath K , Kruk Margaret E 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe importance of community engagement (CE) for health system resilience is established in theoretical and empirical literature. The practical dimensions of how to operationalize theory and implement its principles have been less explored, especially within low-resource crisis settings. It is therefore unclear how CE is drawn upon and how, if at all, it facilitates health system resilience in times of health system crises. To address this critical gap, we adapt and apply existing theoretical CE frameworks to analyse qualitative data from 92 in-depth interviews and 16 focus group discussions collected with health system stakeholders in Liberia in the aftermath of the 2014–15 Ebola outbreak. Health system stakeholders indicated that CE was a crucial contributing factor in addressing the Ebola epidemic in Liberia. Multiple forms of CE were used during the outbreak; however, only some forms were perceived as meaningful, such as the formation of community-based surveillance teams. To achieve meaningful CE, participants recommended that communities be treated as active participants in—as opposed to passive recipients of—health response efforts and that communication platforms for CE be established ahead of a crisis. Participant responses highlight that meaningful CE led to improved communication with and increased trust in health authorities and programming. This facilitated health system response efforts, leading to a fortuitous cycle of increased trust, improved communication and continued meaningful CE—all necessary conditions for health system resilience. This study refines our understanding of CE and demonstrates the ways in which meaningful CE and trust work together in mutually reinforcing and beneficial ways. These findings provide empirical evidence on which to base policies and programmes aimed at improving health system resilience in low-resource settings to more effectively respond to health system crises.
Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Clinical Approach With a Focus on the Role of Genetics and Underlying Immune Deficiencies
Authors: Ouahed Jodie , Spencer Elizabeth , Kotlarz Daniel , Shouval Dror S , Kowalik Matthew , Peng Kaiyue , Field Michael , Grushkin-Lerner Leslie , Pai Sung-Yun , Bousvaros Athos , Cho Judy , Argmann Carmen , Schadt Eric , Mcgovern Dermot P B , Mokry Michal , Nieuwenhuis Edward , Clevers Hans , Powrie Fiona , Uhlig Holm , Klein Christoph , Muise Aleixo , Dubinsky Marla , Snapper Scott B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) is defined as IBD presenting before 6 years of age. When compared with IBD diagnosed in older children, VEO-IBD has some distinct characteristics such as a higher likelihood of an underlying monogenic etiology or primary immune deficiency. In addition, patients with VEO-IBD have a higher incidence of inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBD-U) as compared with older-onset IBD. In some populations, VEO-IBD represents the age group with the fastest growing incidence of IBD. There are contradicting reports on whether VEO-IBD is more resistant to conventional medical interventions. There is a strong need for ongoing research in the field of VEO-IBD to provide optimized management of these complex patients. Here, we provide an approach to diagnosis and management of patients with VEO-IBD. These recommendations are based on expert opinion from members of the VEO-IBD Consortium (www.VEOIBD.org). We highlight the importance of monogenic etiologies, underlying immune deficiencies, and provide a comprehensive description of monogenic etiologies identified to date that are responsible for VEO-IBD.
Study of the effect of surface wettability on droplet impact on spherical surfaces
Authors: Liu Xiaohua , Wang Kaimin , Fang Yaqin , Goldstein R J , Shen Shengqiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe effect of surface wettability on droplet impact on spherical surfaces is studied with the CLSVOF method. When the impact velocity is constant, with the increase in the contact angle (CA), the maximum spreading factor and time needed to reach the maximum spreading factor (tmax) both decrease; the liquid film is more prone to breakup and rebound. When CA is constant, with the impact velocity increasing, the maximum spreading factor increases while tmax decreases. With the curvature ratio increasing, the maximum spreading factor increases when CA is between 30 and 150°, while it decreases when CA ranges from 0 to 30°.
Electronic health records and burnout: Time spent on the electronic health record after hours and message volume associated with exhaustion but not with cynicism among primary care clinicians
Authors: Adler-Milstein Julia , Zhao Wendi , Willard-Grace Rachel , Knox Margae , Grumbach Kevin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe study sought to determine whether objective measures of electronic health record (EHR) use—related to time, volume of work, and proficiency—are associated with either or both components of clinician burnout: exhaustion and cynicism.Materials and MethodsWe combined Maslach Burnout Inventory survey measures (94% response rate; 122 of 130 clinicians) with objective, vendor-defined EHR use measures from log files (time after hours on clinic days; time on nonclinic days; message volume; composite measures of efficiency and proficiency). Data were collected in early 2018 from all primary care clinics of a large, urban, academic medical center. Multivariate regression models measured the association between each burnout component and each EHR use measure.ResultsOne-third (34%) of clinicians had high cynicism and 51% had high emotional exhaustion. Clinicians in the top 2 quartiles of EHR time after hours on scheduled clinic days (those above the sample median of 68 minutes per clinical full-time equivalent per week) had 4.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-20.1; P = .04) and 12.52 (95% CI, 2.6-61; P = .002) greater odds of high exhaustion. Clinicians in the top quartile of message volume (&gt;307 messages per clinical full-time equivalent per week) had 6.17 greater odds of high exhaustion (95% CI, 1.1-41; P = .04). No measures were associated with high cynicism.DiscussionEHRs have been cited as a contributor to clinician burnout, and self-reported data suggest a relationship between EHR use and burnout. As organizations increasingly rely on objective, vendor-defined EHR measures to design and evaluate interventions to reduce burnout, our findings point to the measures that should be targeted.ConclusionsTwo specific EHR use measures were associated with exhaustion.
Acute abdomen due to an infarction of wandering spleen: case report
Authors: Assaf Ragheb , Shebli Baraa , Alzahran Ayham , Rahmeh Ahmad Rami , Mansour Ali , Hamza Rama , Alaasy Alkushti Ehab , Ayoub Kusay 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Wandering spleen is a rare condition characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of one or all spleen ligaments that fixate the spleen in the left upper quadrant. Many different terms refer to wandering spleen like dislocated spleen, ectopic spleen and displaced spleen. We report in this case a 13-year-old Syrian girl presented to the emergency department complaining of acute generalized abdominal pain with fever, anorexia and vomiting started 2 days prior to presentation. A splenectomy was performed, with uneventful postsurgical follow-up. Wandering spleen is prone to torsion and infarction resulting in acute abdomen and a life-threatening condition with high mortality rate reaching 50%. We advise the investigation of any recurrent episodes of chronic pain keeping up within mind this diagnosis.
Protecting Identity In Collaborative Assisted Reproduction: The Right To Know One’s Gestational Surrogate
Authors: Mulligan Andrea 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Gestational surrogacy presents a unique form of parenthood: that which is biological but not genetic. This new form of parenthood demands a re-examination of the rights and duties that arise from the parent–child relationship. This article is concerned with the surrogate-born person’s right to know his or her gestational surrogate, an aspect of the right to identity. The springboard for this analysis is draft legislation in Ireland that proposes the creation of a legal right to trace one’s gestational surrogate. The purpose of this article is to interrogate the normative underpinnings of the legal right to know one’s gestational surrogate, exploring whether instrumental or deontological/rights-based justifications provide a better theoretical basis for the creation of a legal right. The article begins by exploring the link between the gestational relationship and identity formation, drawing on current scholarship on the metaphysics and physiology of pregnancy. It goes on to consider instrumental justifications for the creation of a legal right to know one’s surrogate, but argues that deontological or rights-based justifications provide the more compelling basis for creation of the legal right. The article concludes that this applies to all legal regimes that would seek to establish a legal right to know one’s surrogate, and is especially apt in the case of the draft Irish legislation, due to the requirement of mandatory disclosure.
What is the First English Bookplate?
Authors: Pearson David 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Bookplates constitute one of the most regularly encountered kinds of provenance evidence in books. Their history is traced back to a late fifteenth-century gift label used at Buxheim and standard sources usually identify the earliest British bookplate as a similar kind of woodcut armorial pasted into books given to Cambridge University in 1574. This note describes a number of hand-painted armorial labels used in the middle of the sixteenth century (and certainly before 1574) by Thomas Andrews of Bury St Edmunds, which were clearly used as ownership markings. These, alongside some other similar examples, make it clear that the practice has a longer history in English usage than we have previously thought.
The Grimm Brothers: A stylometric network analysis
Authors: Rotari Gabriela , Jander Melina , Rybicki Jan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Stylometric methods can be used to reveal similarities between texts and, combined with network analysis, to depict the stylistic relations between those texts. The research conducted here focuses on a corpus of letters written by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. Using stylometric analysis, we model the writing styles of the brothers depending on the addressees and chronology. The brothers have individual styles: Wilhelm has a more friendly and personal tone independent on addresses, while Jacob has a more impersonal style, unless he was writing to Wilhelm. Their styles merge at the interactions of their career or personal development.
Communists spoke differently: An analysis of Czechoslovak and Czech annual presidential speeches
Authors: Kubát Miroslav , Mačutek Ján , Čech Radek 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnnual speeches of Czech and Czechoslovak presidents on the occasion of the end of the year are analyzed in this study. Several stylometric methods are used, namely, vocabulary richness expressed by the moving-average type–token ratio, an index of text activity, mean word length, mean verb distance, and cluster analysis of the most frequent words. The authors primarily focus on the differences between presidential addresses given in the democratic and in the communist era. Peculiarities of individual styles of particular presidents are also investigated.
Weight Perceptions and Weight Loss Attempts: Military Service Matters
Authors: Breland Jessica Y , Patel Michele L , Wong Jessie J , Hoggatt Katherine J 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionPeople who do not perceive themselves as overweight or obese are less likely to use weight loss treatments. However, little is known about weight perceptions and their association with weight loss attempts among people who have served in the military. They represent a special population with regard to weight perceptions as military personnel must meet strict weight standards to remain in military service.Materials and MethodsUsing data from the U.S.-based 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, we fit logistic regression models to determine whether people with overweight or obesity were: (1) more or less likely to underestimate their weight if they reported military service and (2) less likely to attempt weight loss if they underestimated their weight (stratifying by military status). Estimates were adjusted for sociodemographic factors, including objective weight class, gender, age, race/ethnicity, income ratio, comorbidities, and education. This work received exempt status from the Stanford University institutional review board.ResultsAmong 6,776 participants, those reporting military service had higher odds of underestimating their weight compared to those not reporting military service [OR (odds ratio): 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 1.79]. Underestimating weight was associated with lower odds of attempting weight loss among those reporting military service (OR: 0.20; CI: 0.11, 0.36) and those not reporting military service (OR: 0.27; CI: 0.22, 0.34).ConclusionsThis study offers the new finding that underestimating weight is more likely among people reporting military service compared to those not reporting military service. Findings are consistent with past work demonstrating that underestimating weight is associated with a lower likelihood of pursuing weight loss. To combat weight misperceptions, clinicians may need to spend additional time discussing weight-related perceptions and beliefs with patients. The present findings suggest such conversations may be especially important for people reporting military service. Future research should be designed to understand the effects of correcting weight misperceptions. This work would advance the science of weight management and offer ways to increase weight loss treatment engagement, prevent chronic conditions, and improve health outcomes, especially among people reporting military service.
Evidence for reduced magnetic braking in polars from binary population models
Authors: Belloni Diogo , Schreiber Matthias R , Pala Anna F , Gänsicke Boris T , Zorotovic Mónica , Rodrigues Claudia V 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We present the first population synthesis of synchronous magnetic cataclysmic variables, called polars, taking into account the effect of the white dwarf (WD) magnetic field on angular momentum loss. We implemented the reduced magnetic braking (MB) model proposed by Li, Wu & Wickramasinghe into the Binary Stellar Evolution (bse) code recently calibrated for cataclysmic variable (CV) evolution. We then compared separately our predictions for polars and non-magnetic CVs with a large and homogeneous sample of observed CVs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We found that the predicted orbital period distributions and space densities agree with the observations if period bouncers are excluded. For polars, we also find agreement between predicted and observed mass transfer rates, while the mass transfer rates of non-magnetic CVs with periods ≳3 h drastically disagree with those derived from observations. Our results provide strong evidence that the reduced MB model for the evolution of highly magnetized accreting WDs can explain the observed properties of polars. The remaining main issues in our understanding of CV evolution are the origin of the large number of highly magnetic WDs, the large scatter of the observed mass transfer rates for non-magnetic systems with periods ≳3 h, and the absence of period bouncers in observed samples.
Homogeneous analysis of globular clusters from the APOGEE survey with the BACCHUS code – II. The Southern clusters and overview
Authors: Mészáros Szabolcs , Masseron Thomas , García-Hernández D A , Allende Prieto Carlos , Beers Timothy C , Bizyaev Dmitry , Chojnowski Drew , Cohen Roger E , Cunha Katia , Dell’Agli Flavia , Ebelke Garrett , Fernández-Trincado José G , Frinchaboy Peter , Geisler Doug , Hasselquist Sten , Hearty Fred , Holtzman Jon , Johnson Jennifer , Lane Richard R , Lacerna Ivan , Longa-Peña Penelopé , Majewski Steven R , Martell Sarah L , Minniti Dante , Nataf David , Nidever David L , Pan Kaike , Schiavon Ricardo P , Shetrone Matthew , Smith Verne V , Sobeck Jennifer S , Stringfellow Guy S , Szigeti László , Tang Baitian , Wilson John C , Zamora Olga 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigate the Fe, C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ce, and Nd abundances of 2283 red giant stars in 31 globular clusters from high-resolution spectra observed in both the Northern and Southern hemisphere by the SDSS-IV APOGEE-2 survey. This unprecedented homogeneous data set, largest to date, allows us to discuss the intrinsic Fe spread, the shape, and statistics of Al-Mg and N-C anti-correlations as a function of cluster mass, luminosity, age, and metallicity for all 31 clusters. We find that the Fe spread does not depend on these parameters within our uncertainties including cluster metallicity, contradicting earlier observations. We do not confirm the metallicity variations previously observed in M22 and NGC 1851. Some clusters show a bimodal Al distribution, while others exhibit a continuous distribution as has been previously reported in the literature. We confirm more than two populations in ω Cen and NGC 6752, and find new ones in M79. We discuss the scatter of Al by implementing a correction to the standard chemical evolution of Al in the Milky Way. After correction, its dependence on cluster mass is increased suggesting that the extent of Al enrichment as a function of mass was suppressed before the correction. We observe a turnover in the Mg-Al anticorrelation at very low Mg in ω Cen, similar to the pattern previously reported in M15 and M92. ω Cen may also have a weak K-Mg anticorrelation, and if confirmed, it would be only the third cluster known to show such a pattern.
The Comptonizing medium of the neutron star in 4U 1636 − 53 through its lower kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations
Authors: Karpouzas Konstantinos , Méndez Mariano , Ribeiro Evandro M , Altamirano Diego , Blaes Omer , García Federico 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Inverse Compton scattering dominates the high-energy part of the spectra of neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). It has been proposed that inverse Compton scattering also drives the radiative properties of kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs). In this work, we construct a model that predicts the energy dependence of the rms amplitude and time lag of the kHz QPOs. Using this model, we fit the rms amplitude and time lag energy spectra of the lower kHz QPO in the NS LMXB 4U 1636 − 53 over 11 frequency intervals of the QPO and report three important findings: (i) A medium that extends 1–8 km above the NS surface is required to fit the data; this medium can be sustained by the balance between gravity and radiation pressure, without forcing any equilibrium condition. (ii) We predict a time delay between the oscillating NS temperature, due to feedback, and the oscillating electron temperature of the medium, which, with the help of phase resolved spectroscopy, can be used as a probe of the geometry and the feedback mechanism. (iii) We show that the observed variability as a function of QPO frequency is mainly driven by the oscillating electron temperature of the medium. This provides strong evidence that the Comptonizing medium in LMXBs significantly affects, if not completely drives, the radiative properties of the lower kHz QPOs regardless of the nature of the dynamical mechanism that produces the QPO frequencies.
Li abundances for solar twins in the open cluster M67
Authors: Carlos Marília , Meléndez Jorge , do Nascimento José-Dias , Castro Matthieu 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We determine lithium (Li) abundances for solar twins in the M67 open cluster to add valuable information about the correlation between Li depletion and stellar age and, then, better understand stellar structure and evolution. We use high resolution and good signal-to-noise ratio spectra to characterize Li depletion in three solar twins from M67, using spectral synthesis in the region of the asymmetric 6707.75 Å Li i feature. The mean Li abundance value of A(Li) = 1.6 ± 0.2 dex for our sample of M67 solar twins (our three stars plus a fourth solar twin from a previous analysis in the literature) presents Li abundance expected for its age. Also, the scatter estimated from the standard deviation of the Li abundances in this work is similar to the typical scatter found in a sample of field solar twins presented in the literature.