bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Improved Performance and Thermal Stability of Planar Metal Ion Incorporated CsPbI2Br All‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells Based on MgZnO Nanocrystalline Electron Transporting Layer
Authors: Mali Sawanta S. , Patil Jyoti V. , Hong Chang Kook 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe high thermal stability and facile synthesis of CsPbI2Br all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (AI‐PSCs) have attracted tremendous attention. As far as electron‐transporting layers (ETLs) are concerned, low temperature processing and reduced interfacial recombination centers through tunable energy levels determine the feasibility of the perovskite devices. Although the TiO2is the most popular ETL used in PSCs, its processing temperature and moderate electron mobility hamper the performance and feasibility. Herein, the highly stable, low‐temperature processed MgZnO nanocrystal‐based ETLs for dynamic hot‐air processed Mn2+incorporated CsPbI2Br AI‐PSCs are reported. By holding its regular planar “n–i–p” type device architecture, the MgZnO ETL and poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) hole transporting layer, 15.52% power conversion efficiency (PCE) is demonstrated. The thermal‐stability analysis reveals that the conventional ZnO ETL‐based AI‐PSCs show a serious instability and poor efficiency than the Mg2+modified MgZnO ETLs. The photovoltaic and stability analysis of this improved photovoltaic performance is attributed to the suitable wide‐bandgap, low ETL/perovskite interface recombination, and interface stability by Mg2+doping. Interestingly, the thermal stability analysis of the unencapsulated AI‐PSCs maintains >95% of initial PCE more than 400 h at 85 °C for MgZnO ETL, revealing the suitability against thermal degradation than conventional ZnO ETL.
Sex differences in the relative heterogeneity of frailty in relation to age, frailty, health protection, and five‐year mortality
Authors: Yang Zhan , Wang Chunxiu , Tang Zhe , Song Xiaowei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that the relative heterogeneity of frailty declines with increases in age and the level of the frailty index (FI). In this study, we investigated the sex difference in the relative heterogeneity of frailty and its response to health‐protective factors, in a Chinese community sample.MethodsData used for this secondary analysis were obtained from the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging that involved 3257 community‐dwelling Chinese people aged 55 years and older at baseline. An FI was constructed for each indicial using 35 variables assessing health‐related problems. A protection index (PI) consisting of 27 variables assessing lifestyle and social engagement was also built. The relative heterogeneity of frailty, as measured by the coefficient of variation (CV) of the FI, was calculated as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean FI for different age, FI, and PI groups, and for the five‐year survival status.ResultsThe CV decreased with the increase in age (F = 20.60, P = .006) and the FI (F = 57.59, P = .001), consistent in both sexes. In each age group, the CV was higher in men than in women (t = 3.25, P = .018). A great level of protection was associated with a significantly reduced mortality, and an increased CV (t = 2.91, P = .027).ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that a gender difference exists in the relative heterogeneity of frailty, which is negatively related to age and frailty as well as positively associated with health protection and the five‐year survival.
Protecting Quantum Fisher Information in Correlated Quantum Channels
Authors: Hu Ming‐Liang , Wang Hui‐Fang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractQuantum Fisher information (QFI) has potential applications in quantum metrology tasks. QFI is investigated when the consecutive actions of a quantum channel on the sequence of qubits have partial classical correlations. The results showed that while the decoherence effect is detrimental to QFI, effects of such classical correlations on QFI are channel‐dependent. For the Bell‐type probe states, the classical correlations on consecutive actions of the depolarizing and phase flip channels can be harnessed to improve QFI, while the classical correlations in the bit flip and bit‐phase flip channels induce a slight decrease of QFI. For a more general parameterization form of the probe states, the advantage of using the initial correlated system on improving QFI can also remain in a wide regime of the correlated quantum channels.
Bioinspired Synthesis of (−)‐PF‐1018
Authors: Quintela‐Varela Hugo , Jamieson Cooper S. , Shao Qianzhen , Houk K. N. , Trauner Dirk 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe combination of electrocyclizations and cycloadditions accounts for the formation of a range of fascinating natural products. Cascades consisting of 8π electrocyclizations followed by a 6π electrocyclization and a cycloaddition are relatively common. We now report the synthesis of the tetramic acid PF‐1018 through an 8π electrocyclization, the product of which is immediately intercepted by a Diels–Alder cycloaddition. The success of this pericyclic cascade was critically dependent on the substitution pattern of the starting polyene and could be rationalized through DFT calculations. The completion of the synthesis required the instalment of a trisubstituted double bond by radical deoxygenation. An unexpected side product formed through 4‐exo‐trig radical cyclization could be recycled through an unprecedented triflation/fragmentation.
Dynamische Komplex‐zu‐Komplex‐Umwandlungen von heterobimetallischen Systemen und ihr Einfluss auf die Käfigstruktur oder den Spinzustand von Eisen(II)‐Ionen
Authors: Hardy Matthias , Struch Niklas , Holstein Julian J. , Schnakenburg Gregor , Wagner Norbert , Beck Johannes , Engeser Marianne , Clever Guido H. , Lützen Arne 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEin trigonal‐bipyramidaler und ein kubischer heterobimetallischer Käfig wurden mit Eisen(II)‐ und Palladium(II)‐Bausteinen gemäß dem Molecular‐Library‐Ansatz aus demselben einkernigen Metalloliganden aufgebaut. Das Ligandensystem wurde so entworfen, dass der Aufbau durch Subkomponenten‐Selbstorganisation möglich war. Dieser Ansatz ermöglicht es, sterische Spannung um die Eisen(II)‐Zentren in das System einzuführen, was deren paramagnetischen High‐Spin‐Zustand stabilisiert. Diese sterische Spannung wurde genutzt, um dynamische Komplex‐zu‐Komplex‐Umwandlungen mit dem Metalloliganden und den heterobimetallischen Systemen durchzuführen. So konnten durch den Einsatz weniger sperriger Subkomponenten alle Komplexe in ihre diamagnetischen Analoga umgewandelt werden. Dabei integrierten der Metalloligand und die Bipyramide den neuen Baustein bereitwilliger als der Würfel, wahrscheinlich weil die geometrische Struktur des sperrigeren Metalloliganden die Bildung des Würfels begünstigt. Außerdem gelang es, Strukturumwandlungen durch die Zugabe besser koordinierender Chelatliganden zu provozieren, wodurch die kubischen in bipyramidale Strukturen umgewandelt werden konnten.
Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Alkenes by a Four‐Component Reaction Cascade Mumm Rearrangement: Rapid Access to Functionalized Imides
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Cui Ting , Zhao Xin , Liu Ping , Sun Peipei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn electrochemical four‐component reaction cascade Mumm rearrangement was developed. It is a rare example of in situ generation of O‐acyl isoamides for 1,3‐(O→N) acyl transfer. Inexpensive, commercially available arylethylenes, aryl or heterocyclic acids, acetonitrile, and alcohols were used as substrates. A wide range of aryl acids and alcohols were tolerated and provided imides in satisfactory yields. Subsequent hydrolysis of imides could be utilized to synthesize valuable amides and β‐amino alcohol derivatives.
Polyurethane foaming with CO2 adducts from C8 alkyl grafted polyethyleneimines: Optimization of the grafting rate and application of the blowing agents
Authors: Da Xiang , Liu Chao , Long Yuanzhu , Xie Xingyi 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTWe previously explored a series of CO2 adducts from alkylated polyethylenimines with C4 to C16 alkyl side chains, serving as climate‐friendly blowing agents for polyurethanes (PUs). Among them, the polyethylenimine with C8 alkyl (2‐ethylhexyl) side chains demonstrated the highest foaming efficiency. In this study, we further changed the grafting rate of the C8 alkyl, from 7 to 16%, and investigated the effects of the resulting blowing agents on the foaming process. For both foaming systems containing a castor oil‐derived polyol (Polycin T‐400) or a poly(propylene glycol) polyol (Polyether 4110), the CO2 adducts with a grafting rate of 13% displayed the best foaming performance in terms of high dispersibility in the foaming systems, homogenous cellular morphology, and good mechanical properties. Moreover, the 13%‐C8‐alkylated blowing agent demonstrated high suitability for the foaming systems from biomass‐sourced polyols (like Polycin T‐400). Therefore, the optimized CO2‐adduct blowing agent could replace the currently used climate‐changing hydrochlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons, as well as might contribute to the development of future renewable PU foams. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48752.
Über die Notwendigkeit dreidimensionaler, hygrothermischer Simulationen
Authors: Ruisinger Ulrich , Kautsch Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDieser Artikel geht der Frage nach, ob für die hygrothermische Analyse dreidimensionaler Details, wie die Auflager von Holzbalkendecken bei innen gedämmten Wänden, instationäre, zweidimensionale Simulationen ausreichend sind oder ob dreidimensionale Simulationen durchgeführt werden sollten. Zunächst wird die Validierung der verwendeten Software DELPHIN 6 mithilfe eines dreidimensionalen, stationären Testfalls aus der EN 10211 dargestellt. Anschließend kann anhand von detaillierten Messergebnissen aus Balkenauflagern eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung zwischen Messung und Simulationsausgaben festgestellt werden. Thermisch können durch die dreidimensionale Berechnung praktisch keine genaueren Ergebnisse erzielt werden, die hygrischen Ergebnisse werden durch die dreidimensionale Berechnung etwas besser wiedergegeben. Für reale Planungsaufgaben sollten demnach zweidimensionale Simulationen ausreichend sein, sofern Simulationseinstellungen auf der sicheren Seite gewählt werden.
Quantum Cultures during the Prehistory of Quantum Gravity: Léon Rosenfeld's Early Contributions to Quantum Gravity
Authors: Peruzzi Giulio , Rocci Alessio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper we consider the prehistory of quantum gravity (1916–1930) from two perspectives. First, we investigate how this research field constituted itself and we propose for the first time a red thread to trace its evolution in this earliest period. Second, we focus on a case study: the earliest work of Léon Rosenfeld. In 1927 he tried to merge wave mechanics with general relativity in the context of a five‐dimensional universe. We describe how Oskar Klein, Louis de Broglie, and Théophile De Donder influenced Rosenfeld's work and analyze how and why Rosenfeld attempted to reconcile Einstein's theory with quantum phenomena. We argue that Rosenfeld investigated for the first time the corrections to a classical space‐time metric generated by a quantum source. As far as we know, Rosenfeld's approach has been largely ignored until today: he himself considered it “an accident.” After having reconsidered its connection with de Broglie's ideas and Rosenfeld's interpretation of the wave function in 1927, we argue that Rosenfeld's work can be interpreted as a first attempt to introduce the pilot‐wave theory in the context of quantum gravity and we infer that this was one of the reasons that ruled it out.
Light‐Activated Rhenium Complexes with Dual Mode of Action against Bacteria
Authors: Frei Angelo , Amado Maite , Cooper Matthew A. , Blaskovich Mark A. T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNew antibiotics and innovative approaches to kill drug‐resistant bacteria are urgently needed. Metal complexes offer access to alternative modes of action but have only sparingly been investigated in antibacterial drug discovery. We have developed a light‐activated rhenium complex with activity against drug‐resistant S. aureus and E. coli. The activity profile against mutant strains combined with assessments of cellular uptake and synergy suggest two distinct modes of action.
Ferroelectrically Switchable Axial Polarization in Columnar Liquid Crystalline Phases
Authors: Nguyen Manh Linh , Cho Byoung‐Ki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecently, ferroelectrically switchable columnar LCs have drawn a great deal of attention for their generation of rich polarization domains. Because of their unique dielectric and self‐assembly properties, they are considered to be a promising material for the design of sensors and ultra‐high memory devices. Herein, ferroelectrically switchable LCs by using ester, amide, and 1,2,3‐triazole groups are reviewed. Most of them do not exhibit genuine ferroelectricity owing to the low energy barrier between the two polar states. The intermolecular interactions between polar groups strongly affect the switchability and stability of polarization. Therefore, it is challenging to balance these two competing factors to improve the ferroelectric function in columnar LCs. Overall, additional effort, including LC design and device fabrication, should be made to optimize the material performance for practical applications in the future.
Distribution of rods and cones in the red‐eared turtle retina (Trachemys scripta elegans)
Authors: Grötzner Sonia Regina , de Farias Rocha Fernando Allan , Corredor Vitor Henrique , Liber André Maurício Passos , Hamassaki Dânia Emi , Bonci Daniela Maria Oliveira , Ventura Dora Fix 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe have identified the photoreceptors of Trachemys scripta elegans, an intensely studied species that is a model for color vision work. To recognize and count the different photoreceptor types, we labeled them with a combination of morphological and immunohistochemistry markers. The counts for the determination of the density of each photoreceptor type were made in wholemount retinas. The percentages found for each cone type were 29, 23, 21, 12, and 6%, respectively, for L (both types), double, M, S, and ultraviolet cones. The cones were found to be organized horizontally in a visual streak, a linear region with a higher density of photoreceptors that ends temporally in the periphery and more centrally in the nasal side. This region of high density of photoreceptors was not symmetrical along its extension; there was a region with conspicuous central density peaks in the temporal area, suggestive of an area centralis. We also observed a dorsoventral asymmetry in photoreceptor density, with greater density in the ventral region. This asymmetry was observed in cones and rods, but it was more pronounced in the rods. Our results corroborate and extend the findings of previous work in the literature describing the retinal photoreceptors of T. s. elegans and their spatial organization. The higher cone density within the visual streak reflects increased spatial resolution and its existence suggests the possibility of binocular vision. It is remarkable that within this region the entire potential for color vision is also present.
A novel miniature hexagonal shape switched pattern and frequency reconfigurable antenna
Authors: Chandra Kavuri Vijaya , Satyanarayana M. , Battula Krishna T. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis proposed work introduces the structure of frequency and pattern reconfigurable patch antenna. This proposed design comprises of a hexagon patch antenna with four oblique slits, two longitudinal and two latitudinal slits. Four PIN diodes are used to enable frequency and pattern reconfiguration in the longitudinal and latitudinal slits. The operating frequencies of the proposed reconfigurable antenna are 4.25, 5.65, 6.8, and 8.2 GHz and have a pattern slope of −30°, 0°, +30°, and 180°. The pattern is reconfigurable in four directions without any servo system. The designed antenna is fabricated, and its performance is proved using quantifications. Experimental results have less than 15% error with the simulated results. This antenna is used for C‐band applications.
Neonatal pain and reduced maternal care alter adult behavior and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis reactivity in a sex‐specific manner
Authors: Mooney‐Leber Sean M. , Brummelte Susanne 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPreterm infants often spend a significant amount of time in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) where they are exposed to many stressors including pain and reduced maternal care. These early‐life stressful experiences can have negative consequences on brain maturation during the neonatal period; however, less is known about the long‐term cognitive and affective outcomes. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the impact of neonatal pain and reduced maternal care on adult behavior and HPA axis reactivity in an animal model. Male and female rats underwent a series of repetitive needle pokes and/or reduced maternal care (through a novel tea ball infuser encapsulation method) during the first 4 days of life and were then assessed in a battery of behavioral tests as adults. We found that early‐life pain enhanced spatial learning independent of the animal's sex, but altered HPA recovery from an acute stressor in females only. Moreover, reduced maternal care altered long‐term spatial memory and reversal learning in males. These findings indicate that neonatal stressors have unique sex‐dependent long‐term biobehavioral effects in rodents. Continued examination of the behavioral consequences of these stressors may help explain varying vulnerability and resiliency in preterm infants who experienced early stress in the NICU.
Recent Advancement in Plant Oil Derived Polyol‐Based Polyurethane Foam for Future Perspective: A Review
Authors: Singh Indrajeet , Samal Sushanta K. , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPolyurethane foams (PUFs) are widely used materials because of their wide range of applications, particularly, thermal and sound insulation, mattresses, furniture, construction, cushioning, packaging, transportation of goods, etc. Recently, commercial PUF products fabricated from plant oil (PO)‐based polyols have gained increasing popularity, because of their low cost and eco‐friendly nature in comparison to petroleum‐based PUF. To date, insufficient reviews have been reported in the area of modification of plant oils for synthesizing polyol for foam synthesis. Due to abundant availability, low‐cost, and renewable nature of plant oils, they are being used as precursors for modern polyurethane industry use. There is a need for versatile and economical methods for conversion of plant oils such as castor oil (CO) and soybean oil (SO) into useful polyols for industry use. This review is an overview of the most recent advanced methods for the conversion of plant oils into polyol and further utilization of it for commercial PUF products. Since the last decade, many researchers have shown that plant‐polyol‐derived PUF can compete with conventional PUF.Practical Applications: Practical applications of the PO‐based polyurethane foams include thermal insulation, sound insulation, packaging, and waste water treatment.
Social class and interpersonal trust: Partner's warmth, external threats and interpretations of trust betrayal
Authors: Samson Katarzyna , Zaleskiewicz Tomasz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present research investigated the effects of social class on interpersonal trust. In a series of experiments, we showed how the contextualist socio‐cognitive tendencies of the lower class and the solipsistic tendencies of the upper class were reflected in their trusting attitudes and behaviors. In Study 1 (N = 491), upper class individuals expressed the same levels of trust towards all partners, while lower class individuals adjusted their trust choices to the affect‐rich information about their interaction partner and trusted warm partners more than cold partners. The results of Study 2 (N = 210) showed that when threatened, lower class individuals had generally less trusting attitudes, while upper class members were equally trusting as in a neutral situation. Study 3 (N = 200) revealed that upper class individuals explained a betrayal of their trust with dispositional factors to a higher degree than lower class individuals. We discuss how these differences contribute to perpetuating the disadvantage of the lower class.
Calix[4]Resorcinarene Macrocycles Interactions with Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ Cations: A QCM‐I and Langmuir Ultra‐thin Monolayers Study
Authors: Eddaif Larbi , Shaban Abdul , Szendro István 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStable ultra‐thin Langmuir monolayers of calix[4]resorcinarene derivatives, namely: C‐dec‐9‐enylcalix[4]resorcinarene‐O‐(R+)‐α‐methylbenzylamine (Ionophore I), and C‐dec‐9‐enylcalix[4]resorcinarene‐O‐(S‐)‐α‐methylbenzylamine (Ionophore II), were prepared at the air‐water interface. Their interactions with a series of heavy metals (HM) ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, Hg2+ and Cd2+) present in the aqueous subphase were investigated by measuring surface pressure‐area isotherms, at different concentrations. The surface pressure‐area (Π‐A) isotherms were stable and demonstrated the HM amounts influence on the limiting area (Alim) values, therefore confirming the examined macrocycles capability to host the metallic toxicants. Additionally, a HM concentration dependence was realized and interpreted by a selective tendency of both ionophores towards Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions over Pb2+ and Hg2+, especially at high concentrations. The HM ions interactions with the applied calix[4]resorcinarene Langmuir ultra‐thin monolayers were interpreted based on the Gibbs‐Shishkovsky adsorption equation. Moreover, quartz crystal microbalance with impedance measurement (QCM‐I), was applied for the detection of HM ions in solutions. The QCM‐I results showed the effectiveness of the coated QCM‐I crystals in detecting the ions at different concentrations. The detection limit values were in the order of 0.16, 0.3, 0.65, 1.1 ppm (Ionophore I), as well 0.11, 0.45, 0.2, 0.89 (Ionophore II) for the Cu2+, Pb2+, Hg2+ and Cd2+ cations, respectively. Additionally, a selective tendency of both ionophores towards copper ions was shown.
Enhanced oil recovery mechanism and recovery performance of micro‐gel particle suspensions by microfluidic experiments
Authors: Lei Wenhai , Liu Tong , Xie Chiyu , Yang Haien , Wu Tianjiang , Wang Moran 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMicro‐gel particle suspensions (MGPS) have been proposed for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in reservoirs with harsh conditions in recent years, yet the mechanisms are still not clear because of the complex property of MGPS and the complex geometry of rocks. In this paper, the micro‐gel particle‐based flooding has been studied by our microfluidic experiments on both bi‐permeability micromodels and reservoir‐on‐a‐chip. A method for reservoir‐on‐a‐chip design has been proposed based on QSGS (quartet structure generation set) to ensure that the flow geometry on chip owns the most important statistical features of real rock microstructures. In the micromodel experiments with heterogeneous microstructures, even if the MGPS has the same macroscopic rheology as the hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAM) solution for flooding, MGPS may lead to significant fluctuations of pressure field caused by the nonuniform concentration distribution of particles. In the reservoir‐on‐a‐chip experiments, clustered oil trapped in the swept pores can be recovered by MGPS because of pressure fluctuation, which hardly happens in the HPAM flooding. Compared with the water flooding, the HPAM solution flooding leads to approximately 17% incremental oil recovery, while the MGPS results in approximately 49.8% incremental oil recovery in the laboratory.