bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terrestrial methane cycle perturbations during the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
Authors: Inglis Gordon N. , Rohrssen Megan , Kennedy Elizabeth M. , Crouch Erica M. , Raine J. Ian , Strogen Dominic P. , Naafs B. David A. , Collinson Margaret E. , Pancost Richard D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTerrestrial methane (CH4) emissions may have increased during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; ca. 56 Ma) and promoted additional warming, especially in the high latitudes. Although there is evidence for increased CH4 cycling in a single Northern Hemisphere site, whether enhanced methane cycling was globally widespread is unknown because there have been no subsequent investigations. The mechanism of CH4 release is also unknown because a direct comparison between temperature and CH4 cycling has so far not been possible. Here we use biomarkers to reconstruct temperature change and CH4 cycling in a new PETM-aged succession in New Zealand. Our results indicate that the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of bacterial hopanoids decreased to very low values (−60‰) during the onset of the PETM, indicating enhanced consumption of CH4. These values are much lower than found in modern wetlands and suggest a major perturbation of the CH4 cycle during the onset of the PETM. Low hopanoid δ13C values do not persist into the early Eocene, despite evidence for elevated temperatures. This indicates that the terrestrial CH4 cycle operates differently during transient compared to gradual warming events. Enhanced CH4 cycling during the PETM may help to resolve the temperature data-model mismatch in the high latitudes and could yield higher estimates of Earth system sensitivity than expected from CO2 alone.
Projecting the prevalence of obesity in South Korea through 2040: a microsimulation modelling approach
Authors: Jung Yoon-Sun , Kim Young-Eun , Go Dun-Sol , Yoon Seok-Jun 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo project the prevalence of obesity in 2040 among individuals 19 years and older in South Korea.Design, setting, and participantsUsing the ‘Population Health Model-body mass index’ (BMI) microsimulation model, the prevalence of obesity in Korean adults 19 years and older was projected until 2040. The model integrated individual survey data from the Korea Health Panel Survey of 2011 and 2012, population statistics based on resident registration, population projections and complete life tables categorised by sex and age. Birth rate, life expectancy and international migration were based on a medium growth scenario. The base population of Korean adults in 2012, devised through data aggregation, was 39 842 730. The prediction equations were formulated using BMI as the dependent variable; the individual’s sex, age, smoking status, physical activity and preceding year’s BMI were used as predictive factors.Outcome measureBMI categorised by sex.ResultsThe median BMI for Korean adults in 2040 was expected to be 23.55 kg/m2(23.97 and 23.17 kg/m2for men and women, respectively). According to the Korean BMI classification, 70.05% of all adults were expected to be ‘preobese’ (ie, have BMIs 23–24.9 kg/m2) by 2040 (81.23% of men and 59.07% of women) and 24.88% to be ‘normal’.ConclusionsWe explored the possibility of applying and expanding on the concept of microsimulation in the field of healthcare by combining data sources available in Korea and found that more than half of the adults in this study population will be preobese, and the proportions of ‘obesity’ and ‘normal’ will decrease compared with those in 2012. The results of our study will aid in devising healthy strategies and spreading public awareness for preventing this condition.
Role of occupational therapy in musicians’ health: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Villas Bethany , Duarte Wisnesky Uira , Campbell Sandra , Slavik Lauren , Mevawala Amynah S. , Handl Melisa N. , Guptill Christine 
Published: December 2020

Review question/objectiveThe purpose of this proposed review is twofold: first, to understand the role of occupational therapy presented in the musicians’ health literature; and second, to explore the potential for this role.IntroductionThe intense movement, awkward postures, concentration and emotional communication required of musicians can place them at increased risk of music-related health conditions, such as musculoskeletal disorders and performance anxiety. The development of music-related health conditions can be emotionally and financially devastating. The role of occupational therapy in musicians’ health has been previously discussed; however, no rigorous reviews of the scholarly literature have been published. We will, therefore, undertake a scoping review with the following research questions: (1) what is known about the role of occupational therapy in instrumental musicians’ health? and (2) what is the potential role of occupational therapy in musicians’ health?Methods and analysisA preliminary search of Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Web of Science was previously undertaken by the first author to determine the extent of the research on this topic and to confirm that no other reviews have been conducted or are in progress. Study selection and analysis will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines for conducting a scoping review.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethics approval is not required at our institution for a review of published literature. The results of this review will be shared through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and traditional and social media.
Phase II, randomised, double-blind, multicentre study evaluating the safety and efficacy of filgotinib and lanraplenib in patients with lupus membranous nephropathy
Authors: Baker Matthew , Chaichian Yashaar , Genovese Mark , Derebail Vimal , Rao Panduranga , Chatham Winn , Bubb Michael , Lim Sam , Hajian Hooman , Gurtovaya Oksana , Patel Uptal , Tumlin James 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesPatients with lupus membranous nephropathy (LMN) are at risk for prolonged proteinuria and progressive chronic kidney disease. There are no proven effective treatments for LMN, and controlled trials are lacking. This trial assessed the preferential Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor filgotinib and the spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor lanraplenib in patients with LMN.MethodsThis was a phase II, randomised, double-blind trial conducted at 15 centres in the USA to evaluate the safety and efficacy of filgotinib or lanraplenib for the treatment of LMN. Eligible patients were randomised 1:1 to receive either filgotinib or lanraplenib in a blinded fashion for up to 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was the per cent change in 24-hour urine protein from baseline to week 16.ResultsNine patients were randomised to receive filgotinib (n=5) or lanraplenib (n=4). Four patients in the filgotinib group and one patient in the lanraplenib group completed week 16. There was a median reduction of 50.7% in 24-hour urine protein after 16 weeks of treatment with filgotinib (n=4), and the median Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index from the Safety of Estrogens in Lupus National Assessment score remained stable. Filgotinib treatment was well tolerated. Limited conclusions can be drawn about treatment with lanraplenib.ConclusionThe number of patients treated in this study was small, and only limited conclusions can be drawn. There may be a therapeutic benefit with filgotinib treatment, which may support future investigations with filgotinib or other JAK inhibitors in patients with LMN.Trial registration numberNCT03285711.
A Distributed Hardware Monitoring System for Runtime Verification on Multi-Tile MPSoCs
Authors: Mettler Marcel , Mueller-Gritschneder Daniel , Schlichtmann Ulf 
Published: December 2020

Exhaustive verification techniques do not scale with the complexity of today’s multi-tile Multi-processor Systems-on-chip (MPSoCs). Hence, runtime verification (RV) has emerged as a complementary method, which verifies the correct behavior of applications executed on the MPSoC during runtime.
In this article, we propose a decentralized monitoring architecture for large-scale multi-tile MPSoCs. In order to minimize performance and power overhead for RV, we propose a lightweight and non-intrusive hardware solution. It features a new specialized tracing interconnect that distributes and sorts detected events according to their timestamps. Each tile monitor has a consistent view on a globally sorted trace of events on which the behavior of the target application can be verified using logical and timing requirements. Furthermore, we propose an integer linear programming-based algorithm for the assignment of requirements to monitors to exploit the local resources best. The monitoring architecture is demonstrated for a four-tiled MPSoC with 20 cores implemented on a Virtex-7 field-programmable gate array (FPGA).
The Old Testament in Translated Patristic Works: Ezekiel 1–4:3 and 40:1–47 in Fr. Gonzalo de Ocaña’s (1442) Spanish Translation of Homiliarum in Ezechielem Prophetam libri duo by Pope Gregory I
Authors: Avenoza Gemma 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study explores the political and cultural context of Fr. Gonzalo de Ocaña’s translation of the Homiliarum in Ezechielem of Pope Gregory I. It sheds light on the personality of the translator, offering new information about his life. It also delves into the political circumstances in which Queen María of Castile requested this translation from her chaplain. In fact, Ocaña’s prologue to his translation provides unique historical evidence of his own personal position vis-à-vis the political strife between the Queen’s brothers and her husband, John II of Castile, a struggle that had brought Castile close to ruin.
The translation of this patristic text is also important because it provides us with a literal version of extensive passages from the Book of Ezequiel and constitutes the only known translation of this book of the Old Testament made from the Vulgata in the fifteenth century. Ocaña’s use of the Latin source is by no means a trivial issue, for the only two known versions of the Book of Ezekiel translated from Latin into Spanish, the pre-Alfonsine Bible and the General estoria, were prepared much earlier, in the thirteenth century.
Translation and Polemics in the Anti-Jewish Literature of the Muslims of Christian Iberia: The “Conversion of Kaʿb al-Aḥbār” or the “Lines of the Torah”
Authors: Colominas Aparicio Mònica 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Muslim anti-Christian and anti-Jewish polemics from Christian Iberia often include references and quotations from the Qurʾān, the Torah, and the Gospels. Even when they are composed in Romance, the script used in their writing is often Arabic. This article discusses the conversion narrative of “the lines of the Torah,” in which translation is halfway between the faithful rendering of the original and its interpretation by its Muslim scribe. I show in this paper that the ability to convey, or so to speak, to “unveil,” new meanings makes translation a powerful means to convert the opponent and to strengthen the faith in Islam. The analysis aims to shed light on the intellectual and social milieus of “the lines of the Torah,” and deals with translation in other anti-Jewish Muslim writings from the Christian territories: the “Jewish Confession,” or Ashamnu; the chronology in Seder Olam; and the lengthy Muslim anti-Jewish polemic of Taʾyīd al-milla (The Fortification of the Faith or Community).
Halal Consumption as Ethical Practice: Negotiating Halal Certification in South Africa
Authors: Tayob Shaheed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent decades, the halal certification logo has emerged as a global phenomenon. Halal certification is an attempt to produce a new discursive and material basis for the practice of halal. Halal is extended into new places and products. In South Africa Muslim consumers now query the halal status of tomato sauce, bottled water and even food consumed at the homes of friends and family. Certification is a technology of halal whereby consumers self-regulate practice in new ways. However, the transformations of halal certification have not been complete. Documentary inspection and molecular investigation linked to new kinds of information and new technology have not necessarily eclipsed the importance of intra-Muslim trade, niyya (orientation/intention) and trust for the practice of halal. This paper considers the narratives and practices of middle-class Muslims in South Africa towards an understanding of the complex ways in which halal is practiced and transformed.
“Ismaël pria Osman de luy donner quelques Chrestiens”: Gift Exchanges and Economic Reciprocity in trans-Saharan Diplomacy (Sixteenth–Seventeenth Centuries)
Authors: Dewière Rémi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The practice of gift-giving was omnipresent in trans-Saharan embassies. Gifts were the material expression of the political dialogue between rulers. Their quality and quantity was a good barometer of relations between rulers. A close analysis of the gifts sent or received by the Borno rulers (present-day Nigeria) between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries reveals a system of norms and customs on the part of the Borno chancellery. Their material value also raises the question of their economic dimension and how they were recycled. By focusing on the embassies between Tripoli and Borno in the early modern period, the aim of this article is to demonstrate that the gifts were a part of a normalized practice of diplomacy. Beyond the message carried by the gifts themselves, the Borno sultans mixed economic and political interests by integrating the exchanges of gifts into the wider trans-Saharan trade.
Diplomatic Gifts, Tributes and Frontier Violence: Circulation of Contentious Presents in the Moluccas (1575–1606)
Authors: Escribano-Páez Jose M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A crucial asset for cross-cultural communication during the early modern period, diplomatic gifts have been traditionally associated with courtly diplomacy and peaceful encounters. However, recent scholarship on this topic has emphasized how gifts can reveal bitter political rivalries and asymmetries of power. Building on this line of inquiry, this article explores the complex roles of gifts in the dynamics of cross-cultural violence on the frontiers of the Iberian empires in Southeast Asia. Through the examination of a wide array of sources, I aim to show how gift-giving turned into one of the multiple factors fueling the violent conflict between Moluccan sultans and Iberian authorities in the region between 1575 and 1606.
“Intirely the Kings Vassalls”: East India Company Gifting Practices and Anglo-Mughal Political Exchange (c. 1670–1720)
Authors: van Meersbergen Guido 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article examines the role of gift exchanges in political relations between the East India Company and the Mughal imperial administration. Focusing on the period 1670–1720, it discusses the items selected for presentation, the occasions at which they changed hands, and the hierarchical relationships expressed and acknowledged through these transactions. It argues that in exchanges both with the central court and with provincial authorities, transfers of valuables in cash and kind between English and Indian actors were embedded in a wider imperial discourse regarding sovereignty and service. By acknowledging the continuum running from courtly engagements to everyday political interactions at local sites of power, a notion of Company diplomacy comes into view that straddled the boundaries between inter-polity relations and intra-imperial solicitation. As such, the case study invites us to rethink our notion of diplomacy as it pertained to relations between the English Company and Mughal state.
Comparative Global Citizenship Education: A Critical Literature Analysis
Authors: Hou Yuqing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Over the past two decades, a wide range of research literature emerged in the field of Comparative and International Education (cie) engaging in comparing Global Citizenship Education between nations. However, there is scant analysis that explores the research trends and findings in those comparative inquiries focusing on the theorizing and implementation of gce in different national contexts. Through a systematic review of 12 research papers drawing from major cie journals and relevant databases, the current inquiry will assist the international community of cie in understanding the contribution and limitation of this important body of research, and its implications for future comparative studies on gce. The analysis shows that the comparison reference in the existing literature on comparative gce tends to be curriculum documents and frameworks while underrating the experiences and perceptions of individuals involved in the teaching and learning process. Moreover, the national settings where the comparative inquiries of gce were conducted are highly limited in scope, mostly the developed countries in West Europe, East Asia, or North America. This trend limits the possibility to decolonize and transform cie scholarship, which could be reversed with inclusion of new and diverse perspectives and knowledge in future gce research.
The Filmī-ʿIlmī Formula: Shama Magazine and the Urdu Cosmopolis
Authors: Taj Afroz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article traces the history and significance of Shama (Shamʿ) magazine in the context of Urdu popular culture in the twentieth century. Published monthly from 1939 to 1999, Shama developed a successful filmī-ʿilmī (film and belles-lettres) formula that made it the most widely circulated Urdu monthly in India for half a century. I analyze Shama’s components and publishing strategies, drawing on archival evidence, interviews, and personal testimony. Building on work by Jennifer Dubrow, Francesca Orsini, and others, I argue that Shama played an important role in defining the post-Independence Urdu public. While Shama purported to cater to male readership, visual and textual evidence suggests that the Shama community also included a “secret” readership of women. I further argue that Shama’s cover paintings, and the juxtaposition of text and image within, embody some of the contradictions of the mid-twentieth-century Urdu cosmopolis.
Extreme Snow Events along the Coast of the Northeast United States: Potential Changes due to Global Warming
Authors: Chen Guoxing , Wang Wei-Chyung , Cheng Chao-Tzuen , Hsu Huang-Hsiung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWinter extreme snowstorm events along the coast of the northeast United States have significant impacts on social and economic activities, and their potential changes under global warming are of great concern. Here, we adopted the pseudo–global warming approach to investigate the responses of 93 events identified in our previous observational analysis. The study was conducted by contrasting two sets of WRF simulations for each event: the first set driven by the ERA-Interim reanalysis and the second set by that data superimposed with mean-climate changes simulated from HiRAM historical (1980–2004) and future (2075–99; RCP8.5) runs. Results reveal that the warming together with increased moisture tends to decrease the snowfall along the coast but increase the rainfall throughout the region. For example, the number of events having daily snow water equivalent larger than 10 mm day−1 at Boston, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Washington, D.C., is decreased by 47%, 46%, 30%, and 33%, respectively. The compensating changes in snowfall and rainfall lead to a total-precipitation increase in the three more-southern cities but a decrease in Boston. In addition, the southwestward shift of regional precipitation distribution is coherent with the enhancement (reduction) of upward vertical motion in the south (north) and the movement of cyclone centers (westward in 58% of events and southward in 72%). Finally, perhaps more adversely, because of the northward retreat of the 0°C line and the expansion of the near-freezing zone, the number of events with mixed rain and snow and freezing precipitation in the north (especially the inland area) is increased.
A field study and analysis of passengers arriving at lift lobbies in social groups in multi-storey office, hotel and residential buildings
Authors: Sorsa Janne , Siikonen Marja-Liisa , Kuusinen Juha-Matti , Hakonen Henri 
Published: December 2020

This field study was made to study the size of social groups among passengers travelling with lifts. The group size was observed in three types of buildings located in four countries, totally in nine multi-storey buildings. The observations were carried out manually for 12 hours on a normal weekday. Analysis results show that the daily mean group size was generally low: 1.2–1.3 persons in the offices, 1.3–2.0 persons in the hotels and 1.1–1.4 persons in the residential buildings. Hourly means differed significantly from the daily means for each building. This suggests that group size should be considered on hourly or shorter basis. In addition, goodness-of-fit tests were conducted to determine a statistical model for the group size. A geometric distribution was found to fit the data the best across all building types which simplifies modeling of passenger group arrivals in buildings. Practical application: This article contributes to the understanding of lift passenger tendency to travel in socially connected groups in multi-storey buildings. A unique data set of group size observations around the world is reported on an hourly basis for office, hotel and residential buildings. A geometric distribution is proposed to model the group size statistically, which simplifies the use of socially connected groups when generating passengers in lift traffic simulations. The real-world data and the statistical model of the group size enable more realistic lift traffic simulations that are routinely conducted during the design phase of multi-storey buildings.
Does ARFI elastography complement B-mode ultrasonography in the radiological diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and invasive ductal carcinoma?
Authors: Toprak Nurşen , Toktas Osman , Ince Suat , Gunduz Ali Mahir , Yokus Adem , Akdeniz Hüseyin , Ozkacmaz Sercan 
Published: December 2020

Background Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a chronic, unpleasant autoimmune inflammatory condition and is clinically and radiologically often confused with breast malignancy. Purpose To investigate the contributions of qualitative and quantitative aspects of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography to the differential diagnosis between IGM and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in the breast. Material and Methods Ninety-four women with IDC and 39 with IGM were included in the study. Shear wave velocity (SWV) was calculated for all lesions using quantitative elastography. Next, each lesion’s correspondence on qualitative elastographic images to those on the B-mode images was evaluated: pattern 1, no findings on elastography images; pattern 2, lesions that were bright inside; pattern 3, lesions that contained both bright and dark areas; and pattern 4, lesions that were dark inside. Pattern 4 was subdivided into 4a (dark area same size as lesion) and 4b (dark area larger than lesion size). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated. Results The mean SWV based on ARFI elastography was 3.78 ± 1.26 m/s for IGM and 5.34 ± 1.43 m/s for IDC lesions ( P < 0.05). Based on qualitative ARFI elastography, IDC lesions were mostly classified as pattern 4b, while IGM lesions were mostly classified as pattern 1 or 2 ( P = 0.01). Evaluation of both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of ARFI elastography yielded a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 84%. Conclusion ARFI elastography may facilitate the differential diagnosis between IGM and IDC.