bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadly neutralizing antibodies and vaccine design against HIV-1 infection
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhang Linqi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRemarkable progress has been achieved for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions against human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) through antiretroviral therapy. However, vaccine development has remained challenging. Recent discoveries in broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs) has led to the development of multiple novel vaccine approaches for inducing bNAbs-like antibody response. Structural and dynamic studies revealed several vulnerable sites and states of the HIV-1 envelop glycoprotein (Env) during infection. Our review aims to highlight these discoveries and rejuvenate our endeavor in HIV-1 vaccine design and development.
Integrating Patient-Specific Electrocardiogram Signals and Image-Based Computational Fluid Dynamics Method to Analyze Coronary Blood Flow in Patients during Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: Chou Szu-Hsien , Lin Kuan-Yu , Chen Zhen-Ye , Juan Chun-Jung , Ho Chien-Yi , Shih Tzu-Ching 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to use the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, patient-specific electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, and computed tomography three-dimensional image reconstruction technique to investigate the blood flow in coronary arteries during cardiac arrhythmia.

Methods
Two patients with premature ventricular contraction-type cardiac arrhythmia and one with atrial fibrillation-type cardiac arrhythmia were investigated. The inlet velocity of the coronary artery in simulation was applied with the measured velocity profile of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) from the Doppler echocardiography. The measured patient central aortic blood pressure waveform was employed for the coronary artery outlet in simulation. The no-slip boundary condition was applied to the arterial wall.

Results
For the patient with irregular cardiac rhythms (Case I), the coronary blood flow rate under the shortened and lengthened cardiac rhythms were 0.66 and 0.96 mL/s, respectively. In Case II, the maximum velocity at the LVOT under a normal heartbeat was found to be 101 cm/s, whereas the average value was 73 cm/s. In Case III, the patient was also diagnosed with a congenital stenosis problem at the myocardial bridge (MCB) at the LAD. The measured blood flow rate at the MCB of the LAD for the three heartbeats in Case III was found to be 0.68, 1.08, and 1.14 mL/s.

Conclusion
The integration of patient-specific ECG signals and image-based CFD methods can clearly analyze hemodynamic information for patients during cardiac arrhythmia. The cardiac arrhythmia can reduce the blood flow in the coronary arteries.
Smart Intra-query Fault Tolerance for Massive Parallel Processing Databases
Authors: Ji Yunhong , Chai Yunpeng , Zhou Xuan , Ren Lipeng , Qin Yajie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntra-query fault tolerance has increasingly been a concern for online analytical processing, as more and more enterprises migrate data analytical systems from mainframes to commodity computers. Most massive parallel processing (MPP) databases do not support intra-query fault tolerance. They may suffer from prolonged query latency when running on unreliable commodity clusters. While SQL-on-Hadoop systems can utilize the fault tolerance support of low-level frameworks, such as MapReduce and Spark, their cost-effectiveness is not always acceptable. In this paper, we propose a smart intra-query fault tolerance (SIFT) mechanism for MPP databases. SIFT achieves fault tolerance by performing checkpointing, i.e., materializing intermediate results of selected operators. Different from existing approaches, SIFT aims at promoting query success rate within a given time. To achieve its goal, it needs to: (1) minimize query rerunning time after encountering failures and (2) introduce as less checkpointing overhead as possible. To evaluate SIFT in real-world MPP database systems, we implemented it in Greenplum. The experimental results indicate that it can improve success rate of query processing effectively, especially when working with unreliable hardware.
Swelling performance of sodium polyacrylate and poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) potassium salt
Authors: Mahon Ruissein , Balogun Yakubu , Oluyemi Gbenga , Njuguna James 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe application of superabsorbent polymer hydrogels is gaining much research attention. Industrial applications include agriculture, environmental engineering, biomedical and tissue engineering, oilfield, construction and electrical products, personal care products, and wastewater treatment. In this study, the swelling performance and adsorption kinetics of two commercial superabsorbent polymer hydrogels were evaluated based upon their stimuli response to pH and salinity at varying temperature and reaction time periods. Characterisation and evaluation of the materials were performed using analytical techniques—optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and the gravimetric method. Experimental results show that reaction conditions strongly influence the swelling performance of the superabsorbent polymer hydrogels considered in this study. Generally, increasing pH and salinity concentration led to a significant decline in the swelling performance of both superabsorbent polymer hydrogels. An optimal temperature range between 50 and 75 °C was considered appropriate based on swell tests performed between 25 c to 100 °C over 2-, 4- and 6-h time periods. These findings serve as a guideline for material technologist and field engineers in the use of superabsorbent polymer hydrogels for a wide range of applications. The study results provide evidence that the two superabsorbent polymer hydrogels can be used for petroleum fraction-saline water emulsions separation, among other applications.Graphic abstractHighlightsThe swelling performance of the two superabsorbent polymer hydrogels experimentally studied showed a maximum absorbency in the range of 270 to 300g/g.Thermal gravimetric analysis curves show that both superabsorbent polymer hydrogels are stable at high temperatures.Commercially available superabsorbent polymer hydrogels can be used in industrial water absorption applications.
Support and development of small and new firms in rural areas: a case study of three regional initiatives
Authors: Klofsten Magnus , Norrman Charlotte , Cadorin Eduardo , Löfsten Hans 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper is based on qualitative analysis and addresses the important topic of small business entrepreneurialism in rural areas and its special conditions and needs. Our aim is to present examples of and suggestions for how to encourage firm start-ups and the continuation possibly also the development and growth of existing firms. The paper is based on three cases that illustrate (1) challenges in the support system in rural areas, (2) various forms of support that could be used in rural areas, and (3) expectations that are eligible to put upon support activities designed for rural areas. The main findings are that (1) that successful support of rural businesses requires a critical mass of regional entrepreneurs, firms, and support actors, (2) diversity is critical, and the various actors must be coordinated to carry out the desired measures effectively, (3) expectations for growth and orientation of the firms must be realistic because broad support is more important than targeted support, and (4) we were able to show that a cross-boundary collaborative work culture that avoids both thought silos and business silos and places no value on prestige should pervade all areas of business support.
Validation of the Arabic and Hebrew versions of the Utrecht‐Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U‐MICS)
Authors: Crocetti Elisabetta , Benish‐Weisman Maya , McDonald Kristina L. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe Utrecht‐Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U‐MICS; Crocetti, Rubini, & Meeus, 2008) is a self‐report scale that can be applied to measure three identity processes (commitment, in‐depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment) in specific domains. The current study was aimed at testing the applicability of the U‐MICS in two new languages: Arabic and Hebrew. Specifically, we (a) tested the fit of the three‐factor structure; (b) examined measurement invariance of the Arabic and Hebrew versions; and (c) investigated convergent validity by relating the identity processes (commitment, in‐depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment) to multiple indicators of psychosocial adjustment (self‐esteem, prosocial behaviors, and delinquency).MethodsParticipants were 314 Arab and 386 Jewish adolescents living in Israel (N = 770; 54.7% girls; Mage = 13.79, SDage = 0.51, age‐range = 12–15). Assessments of identity processes, self‐esteem, and delinquency were collected using self‐report measures, while prosocial behaviors were measured through peer nominations.ResultsThe results highlighted that (a) the three‐factor model fit the data excellently in the total sample as well as in Arab and Jewish samples; (b) hierarchical levels of measurement invariance (configural, metric, and scalar), as well as invariance of covariances, could be clearly established; and (c) convergent validity was demonstrated by showing meaningful associations between identity processes and indicators of psychosocial functioning.ConclusionsThis study indicates that the U‐MICS is a reliable instrument for assessing identity processes in Arabic and Hebrew‐speaking adolescents.
REALIZING REALIZABILITY RESULTS WITH CLASSICAL CONSTRUCTIONS
Authors: KARAGILA ASAF 
Published: December 2019

AbstractJ. L. Krivine developed a new method based on realizability to construct models of set theory where the axiom of choice fails. We attempt to recreate his results in classical settings, i.e., symmetric extensions. We also provide a new condition for preserving well ordered, and other particular type of choice, in the general settings of symmetric extensions.
Predicting Italian Wine Quality from Weather Data and Expert Ratings
Authors: Corsi Alessandro , Ashenfelter Orley 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper we estimate how a variety of subjective measures of quality taken from the published opinions of several experts on Italian wines (Barolo and Barbaresco) are determined by the weather conditions during the relevant season, in order to assess their reliability. Since these measures of quality are only ordinal, we estimate their determinants using an ordered probit model. The method provides measures of the determinants of vintage quality ratings and suggestions on the reliability of each expert. (JEL Classifications: D12, Q11, Q13)
MULTIPHONICS ON VIBRATING STRINGS
Authors: Walter Caspar Johannes 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMultiphonics on vibrating strings have been an important element in my compositions since the early 1990s. In order to calculate the frequency components of so-called pure multiphonics (multiphonics consisting of harmonic partials of the fundamental) on vibrating strings, I developed my fraction windowing algorithm. The first section of this article details the use of multiphonics in my compositions and the second section discusses how the fraction windowing algorithm works and its relationship to the closely related mathematical concept of a continued fraction. The article also discusses the online apps I have developed as tools for composers and performers who are interested in using these methods in their own work on string multiphonics.
MULTIPHONICS ON THE HARP: INITIAL OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Einarsdóttir Gunnhildur 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEarlier this year I was contacted by Ellen Fallowfield who asked me to look into multiphonics on the harp. I was curious but also rather sceptical: although I could immediately find multiphonics in several places on the string, I worried that their use would be impractical. This article takes a practical look at multiphonics on the harp from a performer's point of view. I share my initial observations about their production, sound and predictability as well as their relationship to other harmonics on the harp. It is my hope that the article will lead to further investigation of this fascinating topic.
THE MICROTONAL PIANO AND THE TUNED-IN INTERPRETER
Authors: Yoshida Sanae 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article forms part of ‘The Microtonal Piano – and the tuned-in interpreter’, an ongoing artistic research project at the Norwegian Academy of Music that seeks to demonstrate how microtonality can increase the expressive possibilities of the acoustic piano. Many different modes of playing can result in microtonal sounds, and this article presents a preliminary overview of these possibilities. For the project, new works have been commissioned from several composers, and different aspects of microtonal modes of playing are integrated into these works. Multiphonics is obviously one of these modes of playing, as it most often results in microtonality. At the end of the article, different ways that multiphonics can be modified when used in combination with some of the other microtonal modes of playing are suggested.
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from U.S. Oil and Gas Production: Recent Trends and Source Attribution
Authors: Dix Barbara , de Bruin Joep , Roosenbrand Esther , Vlemmix Tim , Francoeur Colby , Gorchov‐Negron Alan , McDonald Brian , Zhizhin Mikhail , Elvidge Christopher , Veefkind Pepijn , Levelt Pieternel , de Gouw Joost 
Published: December 2019

AbstractU.S. oil and natural gas production volumes have grown by up to 100% in key production areas between January 2017 and August 2019. Here we show that recent trends are visible from space and can be attributed to drilling, production, and gas flaring activities. By using oil and gas activity data as predictors in a multivariate regression to satellite measurements of tropospheric NO2 columns, observed changes in NO2 over time could be attributed to NOx emissions associated with drilling, production and gas flaring for three select regions: the Permian, Bakken, and Eagle Ford basins. We find that drilling had been the dominant NOx source contributing around 80% before the downturn in drilling activity in 2015. Thereafter, NOx contributions from drilling activities and combined production and flaring activities are similar. Comparison of our top‐down source attribution with a bottom‐up fuel‐based oil and gas NOx emission inventory shows agreement within error margins.
Observed Relationships Between Sudden Stratospheric Warmings and European Climate Extremes
Authors: King Andrew D. , Butler Amy H. , Jucker Martin , Earl Nick O. , Rudeva Irina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) have been linked with anomalously cold temperatures at the surface in the middle to high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere as climatological westerly winds in the stratosphere tend to weaken and turn easterly. However, previous studies have largely relied on reanalyses and model simulations to infer the role of SSWs on surface climate and SSW relationships with extremes have not been fully analyzed. Here, we use observed daily gridded temperature and precipitation data over Europe to comprehensively examine the response of climate extremes to the occurrence of SSWs. We show that for much of Scandinavia, winters with SSWs are on average at least 1 °C cooler, but the coldest day and night of winter is on average at least 2 °C colder than in non‐SSW winters. Anomalously high pressure over Scandinavia reduces precipitation on the northern Atlantic coast but increases overall rainfall and the number of wet days in southern Europe. In the 60 days after SSWs, cold extremes are more intense over Scandinavia with anomalously high pressure and drier conditions prevailing. Over southern Europe there is a tendency toward lower pressure, increased precipitation and more wet days. The surface response in cold temperature extremes over northwest Europe to the 2018 SSW was stronger than observed for any SSW during 1979–2016. Our analysis shows that SSWs have an effect not only on mean climate but also extremes over much of Europe. Only with carefully designed analyses are the relationships between SSWs and climate means and extremes detectable above synoptic‐scale variability.
Long‐Term Changes in the Northern Midwinter Middle Atmosphere in Relation to the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation
Authors: Gabriel A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLong‐term changes in the middle atmosphere due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are examined in relation to the effect of the equatorial Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) on the northern midwinter circulation. The examinations are based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 simulations for 1979–2100 with the Earth‐System‐Model MPI‐ESM‐MR that generates the QBO internally. In particular, the three‐dimensional residual circulation is used as proxy for the Brewer‐Dobson circulation, revealing an increasing downwelling in the center of the polar low over Northern Europe/Siberia (~5% per decade). The changes in northern midwinter temperature, zonal wind, and residual circulation are much stronger during westerly (QBO‐W) than easterly (QBO‐E) phase of QBO (e.g., for a moderate increase in greenhouse gases, we find maximum decreases in the zonal mean westerly jet at 60°N and 3 hPa of about −14.8 ± 5.4 m/s for QBO‐W but only −4.7 ± 5.2 m/s for QBO‐E). This is due to a change of the extratropical QBO‐W signature toward QBO‐E signature while the equatorial QBO remains nearly unchanged (i.e., a change toward disappearance of the so‐called Holton‐Tan relationship). Similar to the current change from QBO‐W to QBO‐E signature, the changes during QBO‐W include an increase in amplitude and eastward shift in phase of stratospheric stationary Wave 1 at the cost of Wave 2, with decreasing westerlies over North America and increasing downwelling over Siberia. The eastward shift in phase of stationary Wave 1 is related to the associated increase in meridional transport of planetary vorticity.
Influence of Macrobenthos (Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus) on Erosion‐Accretion Processes in Intertidal Flats: A Case Study From a Cultivation Zone
Authors: Shi Benwei , Pratolongo Paula D. , Du Yongfen , Li Jiasheng , Yang S. L. , Wu Jihua , Xu Kehui , Wang Ya Ping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe activity of benthic organisms can strongly influence sediment dynamics in an intertidal flat. However, few studies have conducted a quantitative assessments of the effect of benthic organisms on erosion‐accretion processes under field conditions. The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of the benthic clam Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus (M. meretrix) on bed erodibility and sediment erosion‐accretion processes in an intertidal flat. Within the cultivation zone at site A, M. meretrix is present in large numbers (up to 137 individuals per square meter). On the other hand, site B is located outside the cultivation zone. At this site, which is only 500 m away from site A alongshore, M. meretrix forms a sparse population with only 3.7 individuals per square meter. The results showed that the critical shear stress for erosion, denoted by τce, was 0.22 and 0.32 N/m2 at sites A and B, respectively, and the magnitudes of bed‐level change were significantly higher at site A than site B. These results reveal the large effect of M. meretrix on decreasing τce, augmenting the erosion rate when the bed shear stress due to combined currents and waves, denoted by τcw, was higher than τce, and conversely enhancing the accretion rate when τcw < τce. The changes induced in these parameters are likely to have a large impact on model predictions of bed erodibility, sedimentary processes, and morphological evolution. Thus, integrated field measurements of hydrodynamic and bed‐level changes, accompanied by simultaneous biological sampling, may help to improve the parameterization of hydro‐sedimentary and morphodynamic models for shallow‐water environments.
Edematous severe acute malnutrition is characterized by hypomethylation of DNA
Authors: Schulze Katharina V. , Swaminathan Shanker , Howell Sharon , Jajoo Aarti , Lie Natasha C. , Brown Orgen , Sadat Roa , Hall Nancy , Zhao Liang , Marshall Kwesi , May Thaddaeus , Reid Marvin E. , Taylor-Bryan Carolyn , Wang Xueqing , Belmont John W. , Guan Yongtao , Manary Mark J. , Trehan Indi , McKenzie Colin A. , Hanchard Neil A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEdematous severe acute childhood malnutrition (edematous SAM or ESAM), which includes kwashiorkor, presents with more overt multi-organ dysfunction than non-edematous SAM (NESAM). Reduced concentrations and methyl-flux of methionine in 1-carbon metabolism have been reported in acute, but not recovered, ESAM, suggesting downstream DNA methylation changes could be relevant to differences in SAM pathogenesis. Here, we assess genome-wide DNA methylation in buccal cells of 309 SAM children using the 450 K microarray. Relative to NESAM, ESAM is characterized by multiple significantly hypomethylated loci, which is not observed among SAM-recovered adults. Gene expression and methylation show both positive and negative correlation, suggesting a complex transcriptional response to SAM. Hypomethylated loci link to disorders of nutrition and metabolism, including fatty liver and diabetes, and appear to be influenced by genetic variation. Our epigenetic findings provide a potential molecular link to reported aberrant 1-carbon metabolism in ESAM and support consideration of methyl-group supplementation in ESAM.
MyoD induced enhancer RNA interacts with hnRNPL to activate target gene transcription during myogenic differentiation
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhou Jiajian , He Liangqiang , Li Yuying , Yuan Jie , Sun Kun , Chen Xiaona , Bao Xichen , Esteban Miguel A. , Sun Hao , Wang Huating 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEmerging evidence supports roles of enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) in regulating target gene. Here, we study eRNA regulation and function during skeletal myoblast differentiation. We provide a panoramic view of enhancer transcription and categorization of eRNAs. Master transcription factor MyoD is crucial in activating eRNA production. Super enhancer (se) generated seRNA-1 and -2 promote myogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. seRNA-1 regulates expression levels of two nearby genes, myoglobin (Mb) and apolipoprotein L6 (Apol6), by binding to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNPL). A CAAA tract on seRNA-1 is essential in mediating seRNA-1/hnRNPL binding and function. Disruption of seRNA-1-hnRNPL interaction attenuates Pol II and H3K36me3 deposition at the Mb locus, in coincidence with the reduction of its transcription. Furthermore, analyses of hnRNPL binding transcriptome-wide reveal its association with eRNAs is a general phenomenon in multiple cells. Collectively, we propose that eRNA-hnRNPL interaction represents a mechanism contributing to target mRNA activation.