bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health inequalities: Harnessing data and data linkage to bridge the gaps
Authors: Sparke C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There is a complex interplay between health and welfare, where social factors such as an individual's education, employment, and relationships can impact their overall health, and vice versa.
The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) is a national body that monitors the health of Australians including the social determinants and the distribution of health across populations. Where inequalities are observed, it investigates, where possible, the contributing factors. The AIHW is uniquely placed to address data gaps in inequalities, with a remit to monitor both health and welfare outcomes of Australians, access to a range of data and established relationships with national and jurisdictional governments.
The AIHW reports against national frameworks such as the National Strategic Framework for Chronic Conditions. A variety of information sources are used. These include health surveys and administrative data on mortality and hospitalisations to estimate inequalities using standardised area based indices of socioeconomic status. The AIHW creates products to suit different audiences such as policy makers, researchers and the general public. These include reports, interactive web visualisations and fact sheets.
AIHW research into mortality inequalities has consistently found that substantial mortality inequalities exist in the Australian population, particularly amongst those from areas of socioeconomic disadvantage. In 2016, if all Australians had the same cardiovascular disease (CVD) death rate as people in the highest socioeconomic areas, there would have been 8,600 fewer deaths.
In recent times data linkage has increasingly been used to link health and social data to provide a broader understanding of the associations between social determinants and health and the health experiences of priority population groups.
This presentation will give an overview of current monitoring efforts in Australia, and provide examples of methods used and current work in this area.
Health inequalities - Breaking down silos
Authors: Lindqvist N , Engström K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Public Health Agency of Sweden has a national responsibility to ensure good public health. The agency's mission is to develop and support society's work to promote health, prevent illness and protect against various forms of health threats. The vision is to strengthen the development of society through good population health. The agency has a national responsibility to halt avoidable health gaps within a generation, through creation of favourable societal conditions designed to impact good and equal health for the population. Public health monitoring and reporting aims at providing a broader description of the state and trends of public health in Sweden through data linkages and data on self-reported health.
In 2018, the Swedish Government decided on a new public health goal and 8 target areas. The 8 areas reflect on various social determinants to achieve equitable health in Sweden within one generation. These determinants of health are influenced by political decisions as well as individual choices. The Public Health Policy is therefore a cross-sectoral target structure for the overall public health work and points out the need to focus on bridging inequality gaps in health and the social determinants of health. It is important to reflect upon how the advancement in monitoring tools and the new Public Health Policy goal can contribute to halting inequities. How do we know if we are reaching the goal?
The focus of the presentation is therefore to highlight Sweden's public health reporting today, the ongoing work to improve the reporting of health and its determinants, with regard to inequities in health. The presentation will also give examples of in-depth reports of different public health challenges, web-based indicator systems used for monitoring health trends in Sweden and public health reports. Examples of the Agency's coordination and support for regional and local public health work will also be discussed.
9.L. Workshop: Mental health of older people
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHA Public mental health section,   Chair persons: Johan Bilsen – EUPHA-PMH, Jutta Lindert – EUPHA-PMH
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The world's population is aging rapidly. Globally, the population of older people will nearly double in the next 30 years, from 12% to 22%. Unfortunately, many elderly people are often vulnerable to the development of mental health problems. Besides the development of mental disorders (such as depression) or neurological disorders (such as cognitive impairment), they often experience several health ailments and loss of functionality, which negatively impacts their mental health and wellbeing. The WHO points out that mental health problems among this group of people are under-identified by healthcare professionals and by older people and their relatives themselves, and that stigma surrounding these conditions makes people often reluctant to seek help. Therefore, more scientific research and debate is needed on mental health of older persons, especially from a public health perspective. By bringing together researchers on this domain from different countries and background, this workshop aims to contribute to the scientific insight in this topic and finally to the improvement of the mental health and wellbeing of this growing group of people.
In this workshop, research findings on the prevalence of (undetected) mental health problems and the impact of organizational, social and physical conditions on these problems, among older persons, both institutionalized and not, will be presented and discussed by five researchers from different European countries. Dr. Sunwoo Lee (Czech Republic) will talk about the demographic, psychosocial, and health-related risk factors for suicidal ideation among older adults in 12 European countries. Dr. Patricia De Vriendt (Belgium) will give a presentation on the unnoticed mild cognitive problems in nursing homes in Flanders. Dr. Henriette van der Roest (the Netherlands) will show the relationship between organizational adaptions in Dutch nursing homes and cognitive improvement and quality of life among older persons with dementia. Dr. Jutta Lindert (Germany) will focus on the impact of social stress and strain on the episodic memory and executive functioning of the “Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) cohort. And finally Dr. Mauro Carta (Italy) will illustrate the positive effect of moderate physical activity on cognitive functioning and general wellbeing of older people.

Key messages
Mental health problems among the growing group of older people are prevalent and of different kind. More scientific insight is needed on the prevalence and determinants of these problems, in order to provide timely and adequate support and prevention.
Health promotion for migrants in Morocco: Progress, challenges et prospects
Authors: Maaroufi A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Morocco has become a land of permanent settlement for migrants. In promoting their health, we have made a significant progress with persistence of challenges
Progress: Development and implementation of a National Strategy to promote the health of migrantsFree access to primary care and emergency care and screening services;Free access to health coverage program for regular migrants.
Challenges: Development of a health surveillance system for the migrant populationStrengthening the skills of healthcare professionals to take care of the specific health needs of the migrant population (tropical diseases);Strengthening of medical, psycho-social assistance for migrants, protection of particularly vulnerable categories (women and children) and intersectoral coordination;Stimulate action by civil society and the community in promoting the health of migrants.
Prospects for action: Integrate migrant health data into the health information system of health facilities and health programs;Develop and implement a health education plan adapted to the specificities of migrant populations;Establish a network of hospital units specializing in tropical pathology, acting as national reference teams;Define and implement a capacity building program for health professionals (doctors, nurses and social workers);Support civil society organizations to improve their intervention capacity in the area of migrant health.
Human trafficking among nationals, refugees and migrants in Tunisia
Authors: Sabri B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Human trafficking is a worldwide phenomenon organized by national and international gangs and generating important financial resources. Refugees and migrants constitute the main victims of such organized crimes. At national level, human trafficking is facilitated by poverty, social exclusion and all forms of vulnerability. School dropout at young age is among determinants of Child labor, organized begging, drug trafficking and involvement in criminal gangs. Economic and political migrants are easy targets to national and international traffickers.
The 2018 report shows that documented cases have increased from 28 in 2015 to 780 in 2018. Women and children represent the high majority respectively 75 % and 50 %. Criminal activities include forced employment (55 %), economic exploitation of children (33 %), sexual exploitation (10 %) and slavery like practice (2 %). Victims of human trafficking are from Tunisia (55 %), Ivory coast (40 %) and Caucasian countries (5 %).
The reported cases are provided social and health services by government and national and international civil society organizations active in Tunisia. Victims suffer stigmatization particularly for HIV carriers and also depression and psychological disorders. Civil society organizations in addition to service delivery, facilitate case notifications and encourage victims for self-reporting which remains low (10 %).
The objectives of the paper are to: Shed light on human trafficking in Tunisia particularly among refugees and migrantsAddress ways and means of preventing such criminal phenomenonInclude care of victims of human trafficking in the social and health package for refugees and migrants.
International Patient Summary Standards conveying immunization information
Authors: Pavlakis G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
International Patient Summary (IPS) Standards represent a collaborative effort among Standards Development Organizations i.e. HL7, CEN, ISO, IHE to extract a snapshot of key information from Electronic Health Records including key conditions, allergies, medications, as well as immunization information. This information is associated with provenance information regarding when and how this information was produced, and who attests to its validity. Many mobile handset manufacturers support this functionality by default and empower citizens to receive safe care where and when needed. Patient summaries are also one of the key functionalities supported by Connected Europe, eHealth Digital Services Infrastructure, operated by European Union member states and the most recent initiative regarding the European Electronic Health Record Exchange Format, which explicitly includes laboratory observations (test results). With COVID-19 the immunization section of the IPS standard comes to play a critical role, empowering individuals to access and manage data related to their immunity, such as the tests carried out and their outcome. Additionally, consideration will be given to a key related question is how to standardize the representation of COVID19 tests and associated results. Already, the standards organizations SNOMEDCT International, LOINC, and CDISC have released guidance related to terminology and nomenclature.
The Amsterdam Healthy Weight Approach: A whole systems approach for tackling child obesity in cities
Authors: den Hertog K , Busch V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In search for successful overweight and obesity prevention, extensive research has shown that programs focused on individual behavior change are not effective enough. Many of the underlying determinants of overweight and obesity have social, environmental and economic origins, and extend even beyond the influence of the health sector and public health. This calls for a whole systems approach that covers a multi-sectoral, multi-stakeholder collaboration, where communities, professionals, government and industry are involved and are all part of the solution.
The Amsterdam Healthy Weight Approach (AHWA), initiated in 2012, is a local government led approach that has the objective to encourage healthy weight for children in a healthy environment. With a long-term vision, aimed at lasting change, the AHWA aims at developing interventions, changing policies and educating and informing both professionals and target groups within the communities that are most heavily burdened with the issue of child obesity (and related complex health/wellbeing issues). The strength of the AHWA lies in adopting a whole systems approach (WSA), in which the key is, to collaborate in an integrated, multi-level, multi sectoral way, with a variety of stakeholders from within and outside the field of public health.
The aim of the presentation is to inform participants from cities around the globe about the success factors, lessons learned and valuable elements of implementing the AHWA, and to provide tools which they can use in discussing their own approaches and bring these to a higher level of effectiveness
A collaborative learning network of cities
Authors: den Hertog K , Elstak P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cities as local complex systems are uniquely equipped to, and increasingly looked upon, to battle 'wicked problems' such as the obesity epidemic. Applying a WSA, Amsterdam works to provide optimal conditions for children to grow up with healthy dietary, sleep and physical activity habits to stimulate healthy weight development. As a WSA, it does not consist of predictable, linear sequencing of events 'from input to impact', but rather of iterations of responsive actions within a complex adaptive system within its own policy context, enabling responsive program actions over time.
Despite increasing advocacy for WSAs in dealing with wicked problems, there is a need to further learn how they can be effectively implemented, evaluated and shaped as a dynamic, adaptive, self-learning system. Therefore, Amsterdam and London created a Collaborative Learning Network (CLN) to facilitate mutual learning and dynamic WSA-growth by exchanging knowledge and experiences, and creating a joint advocacy platform. This creates collective doing, e.g. a joint lobby and agenda setting, and collective learning, i.e. exchanging knowledge and experiences.
Despite these initial valuable results, a further expansion and evolution of the network is needed. Firstly, expansion means more advocacy power and more impactful actions, but also having a larger variety of political and policy contexts to learn from and distill more (in)effective ingredients. Secondly, it could involve policy makers as well as researchers, so that researchers can, in a scientifically valid way, distill lessons learned and test new ideas empirically. Conversely, this provides researchers with a 'living lab' to study and develop new approaches/interventions, and empirically evaluate them, potentially as a self-sustaining endeavor via joint research grant applications and local advocacy.
This workshop aims to discuss, and potentially advance, the purpose(s), operationalization and structural self-sustainability of the CLN.
A parameter-free population-dynamical approach to health workforce supply forecasting in EU countries
Authors: Klimek P , Gyimesi M , Ostermann H , Thurner S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Many countries face challenges like impending retirement waves, negative population growth, or a suboptimal distribution of resources across medical sectors and fields in supplying their healthcare systems with adequate staffing. An increasing number of countries therefore employs quantitative approaches in health workforce supply forecasting. However, these models are often of limited usability as they either require extensive individual-level data or become too simplistic to capture key demographic or epidemiological factors. We propose a novel population-dynamical and stock-flow-consistent approach to health workforce supply forecasting complex enough to address dynamically changing behaviors while requiring only publicly available timeseries data for complete calibration. We apply the model to 21 European countries to forecast the supply of generalist and specialist physicians until 2040. Compared to staffing levels required to keep the physician density constant at 2016 levels, in many countries we find a significant trend toward decreasing density for generalist physicians at the expense of increasing densities for specialists. These trends are exacerbated in many Southern and Eastern European countries by expectations of negative population growth. For the example of Austria, we generalize our approach to a multi-professional, multi-regional and multi-sectoral model and find a suboptimal distribution in the supply of contracted versus non-contracted physicians. It is of the utmost importance to devise tools for decision makers to influence the allocation and supply of physicians across fields and sectors to combat imbalances.

Key messages
The trend of increasing supply of physicians continues in most European countries—stronger for specialists than for general physicians. To avoid potential physician shortages, in particular in primary care, we need to combat imbalances of physicians across sectors and medical fields.
Factors associated with coinfection and reinfection by chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis in Portugal
Authors: Pinho-Bandeira T , Ricoca Peixoto V , Dias S , Sá Machado R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In Europe, cases of chlamydia (CT), gonorrhoea (NG) and syphilis (TP) are rising and coinfections and reinfections are common. As there are limited data on factors associated with these events in Portugal, this study may be valuable to inform prevention strategies. We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study with all probable and confirmed cases of CT (including lymphogranuloma venereum), NG and TP notified in Portugal in the national system of epidemiological surveillance (SINAVE®) between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2018. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were conducted and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
Among 6506 cases in SINAVE®, 858 (13.2%) were coinfections and 204 (3.1%) were reinfections. Coinfections were found in 14.0% of males and 10.2% of females, while reinfections were present in 3.8% of males and 0.8% of females. In multivariable analysis, coinfections were positively associated with being younger than 26 (aOR 2.45, 95% CI 1.81-3.30), living in Lisbon area (aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.13-1.81), being symptomatic (aOR 1.82, 95% CI 1.53-2.18), being men who have sex with men (MSM) (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.28-2.07), HIV+ status (aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.19-1.80) and being diagnosed in an NGO (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.29-2.19). Reinfections were positively associated with living in Lisbon area (aOR 2.53, 95% CI 1.43-4.47), being symptomatic (aOR 2.37, 95% CI 1.66-3.37), being MSM (aOR 3.69, 95% CI 2.17-6.30) and HIV+ status (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.18-2.39).
This study contributes to identifying risk profiles for coinfection and reinfection by these STIs in Portugal. Younger age, living in Lisbon area, being MSM, HIV+ status and being diagnosed in an NGO are some of the associated factors. Targeted interventions are needed to tackle specific settings and populations to be successful in lowering STI's incidence in Portugal.

Key messages
We identified factors associated with coinfection and reinfection by chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis in Portugal, that can be used to target interventions. A study to identify the changes and problems in sexual attitudes and sexual behaviour may be useful to help us understand this paradigm.
Health promotion in Latin America: an institutional overview from planning to action
Authors: Tristão F I , Gomes I M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The 9th Global Health Promotion Conference held in Shanghai in 2016 resulted in the development of the Shanghai Declaration and the International Guide for Implementing the Shanghai Declaration, which addresses the context of Health Promotion for Sustainable Development considering the particularities of nations. Through these international instruments, countries commit themselves to build lines of action for the implementation of health promotion in their respective nations.
The objective of this work was to analyze the coherence of the countries of Latin America in the development of the actions for the implementation of health promotion in the context of sustainable development contemplated through instruments such as National Health Plans, National Policies and other institutional documents that aim to stimulate and strengthen transformational health policy commitments.
Data were obtained by searching for the existence of the instruments mentioned above on the official websites of the governments of the twenty countries of Latin America, including websites of the respective ministries of health. Once these instruments were found, the content was read to identify whether the context was consistent with international instruments.
The results showed that between the twenty countries in Latin America, seventeen presented a National Health Policy available on their websites. However, three of these Plans were not consistent with international instruments. In addition, eleven countries had specific Health Promotion Policies, but in one of these countries, this instrument was not in line with the international proposal. Finally, seven of the twenty countries also had guides or other specific materials designed to stimulate and strengthen transformative health policy commitments.
It is concluded that most of the countries in Latin America are engaged in enhancing health promotion, but there is still many gaps to be filled up to reach this goal in a satisfactory way.

Key messages
Most of the Latin America Countries seems to be engaged with health promotion, even when a few countries showed a lack of planning its policy instruments. Health Promotion requires more than planning, and it is possible to perceive that some countries develop his policies without rigorous criteria to make it happen.