bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yucatec Maya language planning and the struggle of the linguistic standardization process
Authors: Guerrettaz Anne Marie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study on Yucatec Maya language planning analyzes the linguistic standardization process over a six-year period. The primary research site was the programa, a mandatory Yucatec Maya course for 1,600 Indigenous Education teachers in Mexico. Alongside this acquisition planning effort, other government agencies simultaneously produced an official standard Maya. Programa administrators who oppose official standardization made their own model of Maya in widely distributed government textbooks. Neither model was the main target of programa language teaching; the Maya of classrooms is characterized by vast variation. Although the government promulgated an official standard in 2014, standardization of Maya has not been attained. The difficulties of creating a popular standard by and for Indigenous language speakers are analyzed. Social networks upholding different models of Maya are examined through an economy of language planning framework that views language as social capital and integrates knowledge and learning economy concepts. This research presents the notion of social-linguistic orders to understand how different models of a language coexist and/or compete in a language planning endeavor.
Effect of abdominal massage on prevention of aspiration in intubated and enterally fed patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dehghan Mahlagha , Fatehi Poor Amanollah , Mehdipour-Rabori Roghayeh , Ahmadinejad Mehdi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Aspiration is a serious side effect of delayed gastric emptying and increased residual volume in intensive care patients. Aspiration can increase the risk of pneumonia and death. Currently, pharmaceutical methods are the most commonly used techniques for decreasing aspiration, but non-pharmaceutical methods may also be effective in reducing aspiration. One of these methods is an abdominal massage. The present study aimed to examine the effect of abdominal massage on aspiration incidence in intensive care patients with an endotracheal tube.

Methods
This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial. Seventy intensive care patients with an endotracheal tube were chosen by convenience sampling and allocated to an intervention or a control group by the minimization method. The intervention group was provided with a 15-min abdominal massage twice a day for 3 days, while the control group received only routine cares. The patients’ respiratory secretion was suctioned before and after the intervention, and immediately after suctioning, the incidence of the aspiration was assessed using special strips which are sensitive to respiratory secretion pH and glucose. SPSS 18 was used to analyze data. Descriptive statistics were used. T independent, Mann-Whitney U, χ2, and Fisher exact tests were used to compare two groups.

Results
The incidence rates of the aspiration were 5.7% (confidence interval: 0.0–14.3%) and 20% (confidence interval: 8.6–34.3%) in the abdominal massage and the control groups, respectively. The incidence of aspiration differed between two groups, but it was not statistically significant (p=0.07).

Conclusion
Although the low rate of aspiration in the abdominal massage group did not differ significantly with that of the control group, it can be clinically important. It is suggested that further studies be conducted to confirm the effect of abdominal massage on the prevention of aspiration in intensive care patients with an endotracheal tube.
Developmental Nicotine Exposure Alters Synaptic Input to Hypoglossal Motoneurons and Is Associated with Altered Function of Upper Airway Muscles
Authors: Buls Wollman Lila , Clarke Jordan , DeLucia Claire M. , Levine Richard B. , Fregosi Ralph F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNicotine exposure during the fetal and neonatal periods [developmental nicotine exposure (DNE)] is associated with ineffective upper airway protective reflexes in infants. This could be explained by desensitized chemoreceptors and/or mechanoreceptors, diminished neuromuscular transmission or altered synaptic transmission among central neurons, as each of these systems depend in part on cholinergic signaling through nicotinic AChRs (nAChRs). Here, we showed that DNE blunts the response of the genioglossus (GG) muscle to nasal airway occlusion in lightly anesthetized rat pups. The GG muscle helps keep the upper airway open and is innervated by hypoglossal motoneurons (XIIMNs). Experiments using the phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation showed that DNE does not alter transmission across the neuromuscular junction. Accordingly, we used whole cell recordings from XIIMNs in brainstem slices to examine the influence of DNE on glutamatergic synaptic transmission under baseline conditions and in response to an acute nicotine challenge. DNE did not alter excitatory transmission under baseline conditions. Analysis of cumulative probability distributions revealed that acute nicotine challenge of P1–P2 preparations resulted in an increase in the frequency of nicotine-induced glutamatergic inputs to XIIMNs in both control and DNE. By contrast, P3–P5 DNE pups showed a decrease, rather than an increase in frequency. We suggest that this, together with previous studies showing that DNE is associated with a compensatory increase in inhibitory synaptic input to XIIMNs, leads to an excitatory-inhibitory imbalance. This imbalance may contribute to the blunting of airway protective reflexes observed in nicotine exposed animals and human infants.
Aerial and ground-based optical gas imaging survey of Uinta Basin oil and gas wells
Authors: Lyman Seth N. , Tran Trang , Mansfield Marc L. , Ravikumar Arvind P. 
Published: November 2019

We deployed a helicopter with an infrared optical gas imaging camera to detect hydrocarbon emissions from 3,428 oil and gas facilities (including 3,225 producing oil and gas well pads) in Utah’s Uinta Basin during winter and spring 2018. We also surveyed 419 of the same well pads from the ground. Winter conditions led to poor contrast between emission plumes and the ground, leading to a detection limit for the aerial survey that was between two and six times worse than a previous summertime survey. Because the ground survey was able to use the camera’s high-sensitivity mode, the rate of detected emission plumes was much higher in the ground survey (31% of all surveyed well pads) relative to the aerial survey (0.5%), but colder air temperatures appeared to impair plume detection in the ground survey as well. The aerial survey cost less per facility visited, but the ground survey cost less per emission plume detected.
Well pads with detected emissions during the ground and aerial surveys had higher oil and gas production, were younger, were more likely to be oil well pads, and had more liquid storage tanks per pad relative to the entire surveyed population. The majority of observed emission plumes were from liquid storage tanks (75.9% of all observed plumes), including emissions from pressure relief valves and thief hatches on the tank or from piping that connects to the tank. Well pads with control devices to reduce emissions from tanks (combustors or vapor recovery units) were more likely to have detected emissions. This finding does not imply that the control devices themselves were not functioning properly. Instead, gas was escaping into the atmosphere before it reached control devices. Pads with control devices tended to be newer and have higher oil and gas production, which probably explains their higher rate of detected emissions.
Voix, silences et colonialisme
Authors: Gjerden Jorunn 
Published: November 2019

Asking whether silence necessarily equals oppression, and (giving) voice necessarily assures agency, Jorunn Svensen Gjerden’s paper examines voices and silences related to colonial power structures in three francophone literary texts belonging to different historical periods and geographies. In her seminal essay “Can the subaltern speak?”, Gayatri Spivak shows that the pitfalls of colonial and/or gendered epistemic violence are difficult to avoid when speaking on behalf of others. In a similar vein, Édouard Glissant paradoxically suggests that dilemmas of invisibilisation may best be resolved by way of other forms of silence, arguing that the right to psycho-cultural opacity ensures the integrity of individuals through the formation of non-assimilative relationships.
Against this backdrop, Gjerden analyses La Vénus Hottentote, ou Haine aux Françaises, a Parisian vaudeville from 1814, which thematises the Khoisan woman Sara Baartman’s performances as the ‘Hottentot Venus’ in Paris the same year. The play constitutes an extreme case of colonial silencing and stereotypical othering that comes across as purely instrumental and therapeutic for its French audience at a moment of national humiliation and division. However, when read alongside J.M.G. Le Clézio’s Le Chercheur d’or (1985) and Kamel Daoud’s Meursault, contre-enquête (2014), two postcolonial novels that in different ways focus on the role of silence for allowing every voice to be heard in a globalised world, the silencing of the vaudeville lends itself to new interpretations. Arguing that the claimed silence of postcolonial theory and literature may thus offer insights into hidden subversive dynamics of silence in colonial literary texts such as the Hottentot Venus vaudeville, Gjerden calls attention to the play’s latent surprising modernity with regard to issues of identity and multiculturalism.
Coupled Compositional/Geomechanics Reservoir Simulation of Eocene C-Sup VLG3676, Block VII Ceuta Field, Venezuela: A Case Study
Authors: Carrero Enrique , Lobo Carlos , Bois Axel-Pierre 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Eocene C-Sup VLG3676 reservoir is one of the most important oil reservoirs of Western Venezuela. It has a high lateral sedimentological heterogeneity, some sand production issues due to low sandstone cohesion and high stress gradients, and asphaltene precipitation problems. All these features have created production problems since the beginning of the reservoir production, with a drastic impact on the reservoir potential. This has lead to the construction of a compositional/geomechanical model in order to design a palliative strategy.
The proposed modeling methodology includes nine phases: 1) Development of the 3D mechanical earth model (MEM) to simulate reservoir compaction; 2) Quality control of the static model, including the relative permeability values; 3) Development of a fluid model that predicts the onset of asphaltene precipitation; 4) Development of a rock-fluid interaction model; 5) Initialization and calibration of the compositional model; 6) Coupling of the compositional and geomechanics models; 7) History matching; 8) Analytical estimation of the onset of sand production; 9) Implementation of an opportunity index analysis for asphaltene precipitation and sand production.
Based on this compositional/geomechanical model it has been possible to map the risk of asphaltene precipitation and sand production in the reservoir, therefore showing that such problems are critical in the Eocene Misoa C-2-Sup and C-3-Sup stratigraphic units, due to the energy depletion caused by the production. This model allowed optimizing the locations of 35 wells to be drilled. The applied methodology enabled engineers to efficiently estimate the bottomhole flowing pressures and the critical drawdown pressures in the reservoir, identify the most prospective areas of the deposit, and design the trajectories of the new wells. It allowed designing the future Asset Development Plan (ADP) to maximize the hydrocarbon recovery and optimize the resources and investments necessary to increase the reservoir productivity. This paper will go through all the nine phases of the workflow, will highlight their most specific features, and will conclude on the value on such an approach.
Energy Efficiency Improvement by Utilizing Hydraulic Power Recovery Turbine HPRT
Authors: Hakki Praveen , Sajjad Saqib , Jenaibi Eisa Salem 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Acid Gas Recovery Units (AGRUs) are one of the core and energy intensive units in gas processing. In solvent based AGRUs, the rich solvent leaving absorber column is letdown across control valve before being sent to flash vessel. This pressure letdown indicates opportunity to recover energy by utilizing hydraulic turbine. In this context, an in-house study has been carried out to evaluate techno-economic feasibility of recovering energy from four (04) amine based AGRUs at one of the gas processing sites. Pressure letdown, across amine absorber control valves at selected AGRUs, from 60 to 7 barg indicated significant potential for energy recovery. A comprehensive review of existing design and current operation of AGRUs was carried out by technical team in close co-ordination with site personnel. Design inputs were prepared after discussions with Operations and Technical Services teams to evaluate modifications needed to implement the Hydraulic Power Recovery Turbine (HPRT). Internal estimation of potential power recovery was prepared and modifications needed to develop scope definition were identified. The team consulted potential suppliers for new equipment and technical proposals were evaluated for technical feasibility after discussions with multidisciplinary engineering teams.
The key challenges relate to the feasibility of modification given the brownfield modifications, as the piping routing with existing arrangement of equipment like HP absorber, lean gas circulating pump and rich amine flash vessel etc., could lead to potential constraints of space availability and pipe-rack adequacy. In addition, competent contractors are required to implement modifications to existing lean amine circulating pump as shaft modifications are needed. Efficiency of hydraulic power recovery turbine and performance guarantees signifies the successful implementation. Overall cost, economic feasibility over its lifecycle and schedule for implementation are few of the the major factors governing the management decision.
Based on current operation, preliminary estimates indicated power recovery potential of the order of around 5MW, from the four (04) AGRUs considered in the study, duly considering the overall efficiency of HPRT. The study ascertained significant reduction in power consumption of lean amine circulating pumps by utilization of recovered hydraulic power from respective AGRUs. Economic feasibility observed sensitive to applicable power tariff and other financial basis. However, on overall basis, study established that HPRT technology represent reliable, economically feasible solutions to reduce power consumption and emissions, thereby improving energy efficiency of gas processing industry.
Unmanned Aircraft Systems HW & SW Operations for Several Needs in O&G Industry
Authors: Fisicaro Antonietta , Spano’ Ilaria 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Nowadays, across the Energy Industry, there is no longer any discussion on the ‘Return of Investment’ for using drones for specific use cases such as Asset Integrity Inspections.
Given the time saving, the amount of data gathered, the better use of resources and worker safety benefits, using drones for several fields of application is a ‘no brainer’ for Eni.
In the last years Eni interest in using drones raised, paying now more and more attention to new fields of application such as HSE, Security, Seismic and Logistics in order to support several needs.
New Hardware and Software allows performing new types of operations as listed below, but not limited to:
Beyond Visual Line Of Sight (BVLOS) operations. Fully autonomous operations. Light Material transport Long range pipeline surveillance Emissions detection
In order to achieve above targets Eni put in place several processes:
A continuous market trends analysis in order to identify technologies, providers and services to perform new types of operation in a proper and safe manner. Analysis results are shared inside Eni and between Eni HQ and ENI Business Units with the aim to improve internal know – how. A continuous communication between Eni HQ and Eni Business Units allows identifying technologies to design in-house because of not satisfied by the market. Development of new competence and skills. Thanks to new technical competences inside Eni LOGIS Aviation competence center, Eni improves day by day the knowledge of national and international regulatory system and the collaboration with local Aviation Authorities. Release of internal regulatory documents based on international regulatory system, to define rules, guidelines and procedures with the aim to manage, standardize, support and guarantee safe, healthy and secure UAS Operations. Issue of dedicated feasibility study with cost/benefits/constraints evaluation Technical acceptance document for service providers
In light of above, Eni looks to use drones in the workplace just like any other ‘tool’, don't just think of drones in terms of what we see today but think about tomorrow with interest on combination between UAS and Artificial Intelligence and UAS and IOT.
The implementation of UAS operations to several fields of application and in autonomous manner can really change the way to operate in O&G industry. This will facilitate not only operations at height but also operations offshore and in remote areas, with an improvement of safety for both operators and assets, reducing time and costs.
Effects of latitudinal variation on field and common garden comparisons between native and introduced groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) populations
Authors: Zhu Bi-Ru , Li Xiao-Meng , Zhang Da-Yong , Liao Wan-Jin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Field and common garden comparisons are commonly performed to test the rapid evolution of increased vigor in introduced plant populations. Latitudinal clines in phenotypic traits can obscure such evolutionary inferences, particularly when native or introduced populations are distributed across large geographic ranges. We tested whether the latitudinal clines influence the comparisons between introduced and native populations of Senecio vulgaris. We compared plant height, number of branches and number of capitula in the field in Europe and China, and in a common garden in Switzerland.Results: The Chinese introduced populations performed better than the European native populations in the field in terms of plant height and number of capitula, which was consistent with the prediction of the evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis. The Chinese populations exhibited more capitula than the European populations when the latitudinal cline was considered in the common garden comparison. When we compared the traits of the northeast Chinese, southwest Chinese and European populations in both the field and common garden, the northeast Chinese populations, at latitudes similar to those of the European populations, exhibited greater plant size and more capitula than the European populations in both the field and common garden. However, the southwest Chinese populations, at latitudes that are much lower than those of the European populations, did not perform better in terms of reproduction than the native populations.Conclusion: Latitudinal clines in phenotypic traits should be considered in field and common garden comparisons when introduced populations are geographically structured.
Suggestions on Linkage Mechanism between Medical Insurance and Hierarchical Medical System in a Southern City of Anhui Province in China: Analysis on Disease Structure of New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NCMS) Inpatients
Authors: Meng Luo , Tang Ru Zhi , Wang li Li , Li hua Shao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective: The chief aim of this paper is to explore the characteristics of medical treatment for NCMS inpatients in the central district of the southern city, and identify the main problems, so as to give some suggestions on the promotion of linkage mechanism between medical insurance and hierarchical medical system in the southern city. Methods: Hospitalization person-times and expenses were analyzed using the medical insurance inpatients who have settled in the NCMS information management system in the central district of the sourthen city from 2013 to 2015. Results: Among pieces of data, there were identical 5 system diseases hospitalized both in local and non-local medical institutions from 2013 to 2015: respiratory system diseases, malignant neoplasms, digestive system diseases, genitourinary system diseases, and circulatory system diseases, which also ranked top 5. In the hospitalization ratio of the top 5 systemic diseases in 2015, the respiratory system accounted for the largest proportion of 95.65%, and malignant neoplasms inpatients occupied the largest proportion who hospitalized in non-local medical institutions(36.27%). The proportion of inpatients with genitourinary system diseases hospitalized in non-local medical institutions was higher(10.32%), and the cost was lower(21.44%), compared with that of inpatients with digestive system diseases and circulatory system diseases. We chose the 3 repesentive system diseases to analyze diseases structure: there were 4 diseases of respiratory system diseases, 7 diseases of malignant neoplasms, 3 diseases of genitourinary system diseases both hospitalized in local and non-local medical institutions.Conclusions: All the preliminary results threw light on some defects in the process of medical treatment, which was rationality of choice and direction of diagnosis and treatment. The problem may be caused by included inpatients' incorrect medical concepts, unstandardized diagnosis and treatment behaviours, imperfect medical insurance reimbursement policy, and no adequate capacity to treat difficult and miscellaneous diseases. Under the background of deepening medical reform, the city municipal government needs to further increase the publicity of medical reform and make decisions to adapt to the changes in policy environment, for the medical insurance linkage mechanism with hierarchical medical system.
Drones for Medical Products Transportation In Obstetric Emergencies: A Systematic Review and Framework For Future Research
Authors: Zailani Mohamed Afiq , Sabudin Raja Zahratul Azma Raja , Rahman Rahana Abdul , Saiboon Ismail Mohd , Ismail Aniza , Mahdy Zaleha Abdullah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Medical products transportation has become an important research topic requiring multidisciplinary collaboration among experts in medicine, engineering and health economics. Current modes of transportation are unable to overcome the limited settings in the event of obstetric emergencies. The drone is an immensely promising medical products aerial transportation (MedART) that holds an enormous potential for delivery of medical supplies, thereby enhancing the efficiency of our healthcare system. We conducted a systematic review to examine scientific evidence of positive impact of drone transportation on maternal health and management of obstetric cases.Methods Three search engines were used for this review; ScienceDirect, Pubmed, EMBASE databases, and the report made in accordance with the principles of PRISMA guidelines. The search terms used are related to drones and obstetric/maternal. Studies were selected if the intervention used were drones or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and if any direct or indirect maternal health indicators were reported.Results Two out of 244 publications met the inclusion criteria and were included for systematic synthesis. An updated search yielded one additional study that was also included. Overall, two studies assessed drones for blood products delivery, and one study used drone to transport blood samples.Conclusion A significant deficiency was found in the number of reported studies analyzing mode of medical products transportation and adaptation of drones in maternal healthcare. Future drone research framework should focus on maternal healthcare-specific drone applications in order to reap benefits in this area.