bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color change, diffusion of hydrogen peroxide, and enamel morphology after in‐office bleaching with violet light or nonthermal atmospheric plasma: An in vitro study
Authors: Kury Matheus , Perches Carolina , da Silva Daylana P. , André Carolina B. , Tabchoury Cínthia P. M. , Giannini Marcelo , Cavalli Vanessa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim is to evaluate the effect of violet light (VL) and nonthermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) combined with or without 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and 37% carbamide peroxide (CP).MethodsBovine crowns were divided into (n = 10) VL, VL/HP, VL/CP, NTAP, NTAP/HP, NTAP/CP, HP, CP, and C (control) groups. Color and whiteness change (CIELAB—Δ
Eab, CIEDE2000—Δ
E00, whiteness index—ΔWID), color parameters (ΔL, Δa, and Δb), and intrapulpal concentration (μL/mL) of HP were assessed by spectrophotometry. Scanning electron microscopy evaluated the morphology of enamel surface. Data were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance and Tukey (Δ
Eab, ΔE00, ΔWID, ΔL, and μL/mL) and Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann‐Whitney tests (Δ
a and Δ
b, α = 5%).ResultsVL increased ΔEab and ΔWID of CP (P < .05). VL and NTAP alone resulted in perceptible color and whiteness change, but lower than those in the gel‐treated groups (P < .05). Activation modes increased ΔL compared with that of C, but only VL enhanced Δb when applied alone or combined with CP. VL and NTAP did not increase HP diffusion (P > .05) or cause alterations in enamel morphology. However, HP and CP promoted topographical changes.ConclusionVL and NTAP changed color to a lesser extent than bleaching gels. VL produced supplementary effectiveness only for CP (ΔEab and ΔWID), without increasing HP diffusion or changing enamel morphology.Clinical SignificanceAlthough violet LED light and nonthermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) promoted in vitro perceptible bleaching without compromising enamel morphology, bleaching gels (hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide) were more effective than VL or NTAP. VL or NTAP did not increase intrapulpal diffusion of peroxide.
The Santa Clara County Greenbook Story: From Theory to Transformation
Authors: Leonard Edwards Judge , Katherine Lucero Judge 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article is an overview of the past 20 years, from a judicial perspective, of how a discreet selection of Greenbook recommendations were implemented in Santa Clara County, California. This historical overview shows that it is possible to take a guidebook written by national experts from many jurisdictions and tailor the intervention to a particular location with the assistance of local leadership. We applied a theoretical framework to government agency interventions and to the very real needs of families, and that process resulted in a profound transformation of practice.
Plant immune signaling: Advancing on two frontiers
Authors: Wang Wei , Feng Baomin , Zhou Jian‐Min , Tang Dingzhong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPlants have evolved multiple defense strategies to cope with pathogens, among which plant immune signaling that relies on cell‐surface localized and intracellular receptors takes fundamental roles. Exciting breakthroughs were made recently on the signaling mechanisms of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide‐binding site (NBS) and leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) domain receptors (NLRs). This review summarizes the current view of PRRs activation, emphasizing the most recent discoveries about PRRs’ dynamic regulation and signaling mechanisms directly leading to downstream molecular events including mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and calcium (Ca2+) burst. Plants also have evolved intracellular NLRs to perceive the presence of specific pathogen effectors and trigger more robust immune responses. We also discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms of NLR activation, which has been greatly advanced by recent breakthroughs including structures of the first full‐length plant NLR complex, findings of NLR sensor‐helper pairs and novel biochemical activity of Toll/interleukin‐1 receptor (TIR) domain.
Role of somite patterning in the formation of Weberian apparatus and pleural rib in zebrafish
Authors: Akama Kagari , Ebata Kanami , Maeno Akiteru , Taminato Tomohito , Otosaka Shiori , Gengyo‐Ando Keiko , Nakai Junichi , Yamasu Kyo , Kawamura Akinori 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the vertebrate body, a metameric structure is present along the anterior–posterior axis. Zebrafish tbx6−/− larvae, in which somite boundaries do not form during embryogenesis, were shown to exhibit abnormal skeletal morphology such as rib, neural arch and hemal arch. In this study, we investigated the role of somite patterning in the formation of anterior vertebrae and ribs in more detail. Using three‐dimensional computed tomography scans, we found that anterior vertebrae including the Weberian apparatus were severely affected in tbx6−/− larvae. In addition, pleural ribs of tbx6 mutants exhibited severe defects in the initial ossification, extension of ossification, and formation of parapophyses. Two‐colour staining revealed that bifurcation of ribs was caused by fusion or branching of ribs in tbx6−/−. The parapophyses in tbx6−/− juvenile fish showed irregular positioning to centra and abnormal attachment to ribs. Furthermore, we found that the ossification of the distal portion of ribs proceeded along myotome boundaries even in irregularly positioned myotome boundaries. These results provide evidence of the contribution of somite patterning to the formation of the Weberian apparatus and rib in zebrafish.
Apolipoprotein B48 metabolism in chylomicrons and very low‐density lipoproteins and its role in triglyceride transport in normo‐ and hypertriglyceridemic human subjects
Authors: Björnson E. , Packard C.J. , Adiels M. , Andersson L. , Matikainen N. , Söderlund S. , Kahri J. , Hakkarainen A. , Lundbom N. , Lundbom J. , Sihlbom C. , Thorsell A. , Zhou H. , Taskinen M.‐R. , Borén J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundRenewed interest in triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins as causative agents in cardiovascular disease mandates further exploration of the integrated metabolism of chylomicrons and very low‐density lipoproteins (VLDL).MethodsNovel tracer techniques and an integrated multi‐compartmental model were used to determine the kinetics of apoB48‐ and apoB100‐containing particles in the chylomicron and VLDL density intervals in 15 subjects with a wide range of plasma triglyceride levels.ResultsFollowing a fat‐rich meal, apoB48 appeared in the chylomicron, VLDL1 and VLDL2 fractions in all subjects. Chylomicrons cleared rapidly from the circulation but apoB48‐containing VLDL accumulated, and over the day were 3‐fold higher in those with high versus low plasma triglyceride. ApoB48‐containing particles were secreted directly into both the chylomicron and VLDL fractions at rates that were similar across the plasma triglyceride range studied. During fat absorption, whilst most triglyceride entered the circulation in chylomicrons, the majority of apoB48 particles were secreted into the VLDL density range.ConclusionThe intestine secretes apoB48‐containing particles not only as chylomicrons but also directly into the VLDL1 and VLDL2 density ranges both in the basal state and during dietary lipid absorption. Over the day, apoB48‐containing particles appear to comprise about 20–25% of circulating VLDL and, especially in those with elevated triglycerides, form part of a slowly cleared ‘remnant’ particle population, thereby potentially increasing CHD risk. These findings provide a metabolic understanding of the potential consequences for increased CHD risk when slowed lipolysis leads to the accumulation of remnants, especially in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia.
Prevalence of anamnestic symptoms and clinical signs of temporomandibular disorders in adolescents—Results of the epidemiologic LIFE Child Study
Authors: Rauch Angelika , Schierz Oliver , Körner Antje , Kiess Wieland , Hirsch Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence values for symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in adolescents vary within the literature due to differences in set‐ups of examination protocols.ObjectivesThe objective was to present prevalence values for symptoms and signs of TMD in German adolescents that were observed within a standardised examination. Prevalence values comparing gender or pubertal status should be investigated.MethodsA cross‐sectional sample of the LIFE Child Study aged 10 to 18 was examined. A questionnaire gathering anamnestic symptoms of TMD was completed, and an examination according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) was performed by trained dentists. Pubertal status according to Tanner stages was documented. Descriptive statistics, Mann‐Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were performed.ResultsA total of 1.116 participants (mean age 12.9 years, 51.4% female) were consecutively recruited. Most prevalent anamnestic symptoms were headaches (55.7%) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds (17.6%). The major clinical sign was TMJ sounds (31.9%). Both the examination of muscles or TMJs showed that pain to palpation was statistically significantly higher than familiar pain (P < .001). Gender comparisons revealed higher prevalence values and an increase in TMD symptoms and signs during pubertal development in females.ConclusionThe prevalence of self‐reported headaches, as well as anamnestic and clinical TMJ sounds, was high in German adolescents. Prevalence values for pain to palpation and familiar pain obtained relevant differences. Considering the DC/TMD, females are more affected by TMD signs and symptoms that increase during pubertal development, than male adolescents.
Relevance and actionable mutational spectrum in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jayaprakash Chinchu , Varghese Vinay Koshy , Jayaram Pradyumna , Chakrabarty Sanjiban , Kudva Adarsh , Ray Satadru , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundScreening for lesions in the oral cavity is critical for early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Targeted next generation sequencing‐based (NGS) mutation analysis of cancer driver genes becomes a reality for personalized medicine and cancer therapeutics.Materials and methodsIn the present study, we have performed a targeted NGS‐based mutation analysis of 50 known oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in clinically diagnosed potentially malignant lesions and tissues of OSCC. NGS‐based analysis of DNA obtained from biopsies of histopathologically confirmed cases of potentially malignant lesions and OSCC specimens were performed using Ion AmpliSeq™ Cancer Hotspot Panel V2 using the Ion Proton™ Sequencer System, followed by data analysis using Ion Reporter™ and Torrent Suite™ software.ResultsNGS analysis indicated a total of 69 mutations present in 25 genes in potentially malignant lesions and OSCC specimens. We identified recurrent mutations in known OSCC driver genes ATM (11%), TP53 (55%), HRAS (16%), SMAD4 (13%), PIK3CA (16%), and ERBB4 (11%) in potentially malignant lesions and OSCC specimens. Driver mutation analysis identified recurrent TP53 and HRAS driver mutations in our OSCC specimens.ConclusionData generated from our study may enable an application of targeted NGS analysis of driver mutations for better therapeutic choice and improved outcomes for OSCC subjects when combined with clinical diagnosis.
Test–Retest Reliability for Physical Function Measures in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Hadjiioannou Ioulia , Wong Katy , Lindup Herolin , Mayes Juliet , Castle Ellen , Greenwood Sharlene 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYBackgroundIt is important to determine relative and absolute reliability values in outcome measures that are used in clinical practice so as to discriminate between true changes following exercise interventions for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess test–retest reliability of the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), sit‐to‐stand transfers in 60 seconds (STS‐60), timed up and go (TUAG), Duke's activity status index (DASI) and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD) in patients with CKD.Study DesignThis study was a pragmatic non‐randomised controlled trial.MethodsForty people attended two study visits within a 16‐day window involving the ISWT, STS‐60, TUAG, DASI and HAD tests. Relative reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and absolute reliability using the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC).ResultsGood test–retest reliability was found for the entire sample size across all outcome measures, with TUAG having the highest (ICC = 0.96) and HAD the lowest (ICC = 0.71). The MDC scores at 90% confidence interval (CI) were: 79.6 m for the ISWT, 2.9 seconds for the TUAG, 7.0 repetitions for the STS‐60, 8.4 for the DASI, 3.8 for the anxiety HAD subscale and 4.4 for the depression HAD subscale.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated good test–retest reliability for all outcome measures across the CKD trajectory but caution needs to be taken when interpreting the findings for each CKD sub‐group separately. The MDC scores at 90% CI can support therapists in determining a true improvement in CKD patients' physical or mental performance.
Significant changes in caecal microbial composition and metabolites of weaned piglets after protein restriction and succedent realimentation
Authors: Tian Shiyi , Shi Qing , Zhu Yizhi , Yang Huairong , Wang Jing , Zhu Weiyun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of protein restriction and subsequent realimentation on caecal barrier function, caecal microbial composition and metabolites in weaned piglets. Thirty‐six 28‐day‐old weaned piglets were randomly assigned to a control group and a treatment group. The piglets were fed diets containing 18.83% (normal) or 13.05% (low) of crude protein from the 1st to 14th day, after which all piglets were fed diets containing 18.83% of crude protein from the 15th to 28th day. The results showed that protein restriction increased caecal bacterial diversity and richness as well as the abundance of Ruminococcus 2, Faecalibacterium and Lachnospiraceae_uncultured, but reduced the abundance and the gene copies of Lactobacillus in the treatment group compared with the control group on day 14. Protein restriction also decreased the concentrations of isovaleric acid and total branched‐chain fatty acids. During the succedent protein realimentation stage, the abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG‐014 and the concentrations of lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid and total short‐chain fatty acids were increased in the treatment group on day 28. Furthermore, the ammonia concentration was reduced, while the gene mRNA levels of caecal barrier function were increased in the treatment group both on days 14 and 28. In conclusion, dietary protein restriction and realimentation could change caecal microbial composition and metabolites, and eventually influence caecal barrier function. The present study may provide a new insight into protein restriction and realimentation in weaned piglets.
Predictors of Adherence to Self‐Care in Rural Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Biddle Martha J. , Moser Debra K. , Pelter Michele M. , Robinson Susan , Dracup Kathleen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe common reality of not following a recommended course of treatment is a major cause of poor health outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of adherence to HF self‐care recommendations in rural HF patients who received an intervention to promote symptom management and self‐care.MethodsData from 349 rural HF patients (42% female, 90% Caucasian) randomized to the intervention arms of the study were used. Adherence was measured using the European Heart Failure Self‐Care Scale questionnaire, a brief measure that asks patients to report their adherence to a variety of recommended HF symptom management behaviors (ie, daily weight monitoring, when to call the physician, medications, diet, and exercise). The following predictors were tested: age, gender, marital status, education level, depression score (measured using PHQ‐9), anxiety score (measured with the Brief Symptom Inventory), and level of perceived control (measured using Control Attitudes Scale‐R). Multivariate linear regression was used to test the model.ResultsThe model to predict adherence was significant (P < .0001). Of the covariates tested in the regression model, being a male (P = .009), having less anxiety (P = .018), not being depressed (P = .017), and having higher perceived control (P = .003) were predictors of improved self‐care score at 3 months.ConclusionAdherence is a multifaceted and a challenging behavior based on the assumption that the patient agrees with self‐care recommendations. These data suggest interventions designed to promote adherence behaviors should include an assessment of gender, anxiety, depression, and perceived control for optimal outcomes.
Modeling bivariate long‐range dependence with general phase
Authors: Kechagias Stefanos , Pipiras Vladas 
Published: December 2019

Bivariate time series models are considered that are suitable for estimation, that have interpretable parameters and that can capture the general semi‐parametric formulation of bivariate long‐range dependence, including a general phase. The models also allow for short‐range dependence and fractional cointegration. A simulation study to test the performance of a conditional maximum likelihood estimation method is carried out, under the proposed models. Finally, an application is presented to the U.S. inflation rates in goods and services where models not allowing for general phase suffer from misspecification.
Students with LD at Postsecondary: Supporting Success and the Role of Student Characteristics and Integration
Authors: Goegan Lauren D. , Daniels Lia M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStudents with learning disabilities (LD) are attending postsecondary education more than ever, but are also less likely to complete their education compared to non‐LD peers. Using the Inputs–Environment–Outcomes model of Astin, we examined students with LD and non‐LD peers during their first year of postsecondary studies. Using structural equation modeling, we found that for all students, perceived academic ability had a positive direct effect on outcomes, whereas drive to achieve had only an indirect effect. Academic integration was important for grade point average and satisfaction. Social integration was important for the acquisition of knowledge and skills and satisfaction, and these connections were stronger for students with LD. Our discussion highlights potential supports for students with LD.
Ancient DNA suggests modern wolves trace their origin to a Late Pleistocene expansion from Beringia
Authors: Loog Liisa , Thalmann Olaf , Sinding Mikkel‐Holger S. , Schuenemann Verena J. , Perri Angela , Germonpré Mietje , Bocherens Herve , Witt Kelsey E. , Samaniego Castruita Jose A. , Velasco Marcela S. , Lundstrøm Inge K. C. , Wales Nathan , Sonet Gontran , Frantz Laurent , Schroeder Hannes , Budd Jane , Jimenez Elodie‐Laure , Fedorov Sergey , Gasparyan Boris , Kandel Andrew W. , Lázničková‐Galetová Martina , Napierala Hannes , Uerpmann Hans‐Peter , Nikolskiy Pavel A. , Pavlova Elena Y. , Pitulko Vladimir V. , Herzig Karl‐Heinz , Malhi Ripan S. , Willerslev Eske , Hansen Anders J. , Dobney Keith , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Krause Johannes , Larson Greger , Eriksson Anders , Manica Andrea 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGrey wolves (Canis lupus) are one of the few large terrestrial carnivores that have maintained a wide geographical distribution across the Northern Hemisphere throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene. Recent genetic studies have suggested that, despite this continuous presence, major demographic changes occurred in wolf populations between the Late Pleistocene and early Holocene, and that extant wolves trace their ancestry to a single Late Pleistocene population. Both the geographical origin of this ancestral population and how it became widespread remain unknown. Here, we used a spatially and temporally explicit modelling framework to analyse a data set of 90 modern and 45 ancient mitochondrial wolf genomes from across the Northern Hemisphere, spanning the last 50,000 years. Our results suggest that contemporary wolf populations trace their ancestry to an expansion from Beringia at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, and that this process was most likely driven by Late Pleistocene ecological fluctuations that occurred across the Northern Hemisphere. This study provides direct ancient genetic evidence that long‐range migration has played an important role in the population history of a large carnivore, and provides insight into how wolves survived the wave of megafaunal extinctions at the end of the last glaciation. Moreover, because Late Pleistocene grey wolves were the likely source from which all modern dogs trace their origins, the demographic history described in this study has fundamental implications for understanding the geographical origin of the dog.
Telomere length is repeatable, shortens with age and reproductive success, and predicts remaining lifespan in a long‐lived seabird
Authors: Bichet Coraline , Bouwhuis Sandra , Bauch Christina , Verhulst Simon , Becker Peter H. , Vedder Oscar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTelomeres are protective caps at the end of chromosomes, and their length is positively correlated with individual health and lifespan across taxa. Longitudinal studies have provided mixed results regarding the within‐individual repeatability of telomere length. While some studies suggest telomere length to be highly dynamic and sensitive to resource‐demanding or stressful conditions, others suggest that between‐individual differences are mostly present from birth and relatively little affected by the later environment. This dichotomy could arise from differences between species, but also from methodological issues. In our study, we used the highly reliable Terminal Restriction Fragment analysis method to measure telomeres over a 10‐year period in adults of a long‐lived seabird, the common tern (Sterna hirundo). Telomeres shortened with age within individuals. The individual repeatability of age‐dependent telomere length was high (>0.53), and independent of the measurement interval (i.e., one vs. six years). A small (R2 = .01), but significant part of the between‐individual variation in telomere length was, however, explained by the number of fledglings produced in the previous year, while reproduction in years prior to the previous year had no effect. We confirmed that age‐dependent telomere length predicted an individual's remaining lifespan. Overall, our study suggests that the majority of between‐individual variation in adult telomere length is consistent across adult life, and that a smaller part of the variation can be explained by dynamic factors, such as reproduction.