bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Welfare: The LDS Welfare Program vs Public Welfare
Authors: Iglesias David R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In his libertarian manifesto, For a New Liberty, Murray Rothbard [15] points to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as an excellent model for what a private welfare program would look like in a free society. In analyzing this same organization, we can see that nearly 50 years later Rothbard’s analysis is truer than ever. Unlike the public welfare programs in the U.S., the LDS church has successfully helped lift countless individuals out of poverty and off the welfare rolls by increasing their level of productivity – a point that Henry Hazlitt [7] made in his book, The Conquest of Poverty. Public welfare, on the other hand, has continuously failed to increase the standard of living or even lift those it ostensibly seeks to help out of poverty; on the contrary, it is a system that prevents economic independence. The analysis in the present paper seeks to revive, amplify and bring up to date Rothbard’s observation and provide further insight on key factors that other private organizations can take from the Church’s model. Ultimately, it reveals that the successful journey out of poverty is not a public but rather a private endeavor.
A Libertarian Perspective on Peace Enforcement by the United Nations
Authors: Sabhlok Sukrit 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Most analysts view the United Nations as a positive stabilising force in international affairs. In this paper, I critically assess this opinion of the UN’s peace enforcement actions using the case studies of the Korean War and the Gulf War while relying on the non-aggression axiom of libertarian philosophy. In the process, I shed light on some of the moral considerations at play when deciding on UN-sanctioned military intervention.
Influence of Systemic Inflammatory Response to Appearance of New Foci of Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Bolotov Denis Dmitrievich , Novikov Alexey Alexeevich , Bolevich Sergey , Novikova Nina Aleksandrovna , Yakovchenko Andrey Vladimirovich 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Changes in the body in the presence of a chronic inflammatory process, even of a low intensity, lead to the change in the body’s reactivity, having a negative impact on the development, course and clinical prognosis of newly emerging inflammatory processes. Structural changes in the vascular network in the focus of chronic inflammation and following cellular reactions that occur under the action of chemokines and cytokines are the basis for the maintenance and development of the phlogogenic process, including subsequent structural changes in tissues. The failure to resolve the inflammation leads not only to the persistence of the process in the primary focus, but also to the formation of a multitude of the so-calledpathological circles, included at the system level, causing the imbalance among proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving factors. As a result, conditions are formed for the emergence of new foci of the inflammation in other organs and tissues and in the case of their realization, new vicious circles are formed that contribute to the maintenance and progression of the inflammation. The complex application of etio-tropic, pathogenetic and sanogenetic principles of the treatment allows intensifying of the formation of specialized pro-resolving factors with the elimination of their relative insufficiency, contributing to the reduction of newly formed vessels and to the restoration of the normal cellular composition of the tissue as well as to the resolution of inflammation.
Gas Transport Characteristics of Hemocorrectors and Perfusates Based on Perfluorocarbon Blood-Substituting Emulsions
Authors: Vorobyev Sergey Ivanovich , Kutyshenko Viktor Pavlovich , Bolevich Sergey Brankovich , Votrin Sergey Vladimirovich , Orlova Alexandra Sergeyevna , Bolevich Stefani , Morozova Elena Mihaylovna , Kartashova Maria Konstatinovna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This review summarizes the data regarding the gas transport characteristics of hemocorrection and perfusates on the basis of low concentrated drugs nano-sized perfluorocarbonic 20% Perftoran (a blood substitute, it is allowed for clinical use in Russia), 20% Ftoremulsion III (an improved blood substitute, registered in Russia), 10-20% Perfusol (a perfusion solution for perfusion of the isolated heart), 20% Ftorem (a cardioplegic emulsion for surgeries on the stopped heart) used in the biomedical field. The compensation of blood loss using traditional plasma substitutes without the gas transport function or with low gas transport characteristics leads to a decrease in the oxygen capacity of the resulting mixture and subsequently to deterioration in the oxygen transport characteristics of blood. The synthetic gas-transport blood substitutes can be used in the treatment of various forms of ischemia, such as carbon monoxide poisoning. Furthermore, recent results regarding the mechanism of COVID19 infection indicate a possible use of the synthetic gas-transport blood substitutes in the treatment and therapy of COVID19 infected patients.
Terminology Framework for Understanding of Physical Education and Sport
Authors: Živanović Nenad , Pavlović Petar , Stanković Veroljub , Milošević Zoran , Ranđelović Nebojša , Pantelić-Babić Kristina 
Published: August 2020

SummaryA word, a term, written or spoken is the most beautiful jewel that a civilization can make. It can be therefore said that the specialized terminology of a particular profession – is its jewel. This professional jewel, specialized terminology, reflects not only its present time but also all the past ages it was developed through into a jewel of a culture and its civilizational value.This also applies to the specialized terminology of physical culture that is, the terminology of physical education and sport. It is also the jewel which reflects the present and the past; its developmental path that has always been adjusted to the social circumstances and time it has existed in. Its terminology can provide insight into its development, rises and falls, turns to the prevailing ’’noble’’ ideas, inflow of foreign words into the body of the specialized terminology.Development of the specialized terminology for physical culture that is, physical education and sport includes not only deep consideration and proficiency but also good intentions to make improvements to the profession and not to the current geopolitical (in)conveniences.It is therefore very important to emphasize that search and selection of a term which can indeed reflect the conceptual content in question is neither easy nor automatic. Moreover, if a good intention is missing, then various problems in communication can occur. The Latins described it very well: Nomen est omen.Doubts about terms: physical culture – sport, physical education – sport education, physical exercising – physical activity, physical recreation – sport recreation are just some of the examples indicating that it is necessary to continue the development of the multilingual specialized terminology dictionary for our profession.
A Knife to a Gunfight: Endogenous Development Through Leader as Contradictory Policy Prescription
Authors: Zamfir George Iulian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
By now a preferred EU instrument aimed at stirring rural development, LEADER initially constituted an alleged departure from the top-down productivist agenda of the CAP towards locally-led development. The exogenous-endogenous explanatory model legitimized the adoption of economistic assumptions into EU rural development policy. As the CAP policy genealogy conveys, agricultural policies occurred at the intersection of internal and external factors, whereas the endogenous framework evicts structural explanations for territorial marginalization. A case study from North-western Romania provides details on the implementation of the endogenous agenda from the perspective of public actors. Rather than inducing an alleged alternative development model, LEADER acts as adjuvant to other policies and, overall, as a pedagogical exercise in uneven development.
The Rebellious Social Network Reaction to COVID-19
Authors: Cioban Ștefana , Vîntoiu Dragoş 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Gathering social media content and analysing the heavy and unstructured text coming from posts, comments and reactions can come as a powerful tool in understanding how people react to the information they receive. In this article we present the results from a social media analysis of 10771 headlines, with their subsequent text bodies and comments posted in a subreddit destined for Romanians during the state of emergency declared in Romania, from March 16 to May 15, 2020. Our objective was to model the main topics debated by this targeted population of people that tend to use Reddit to discuss current issues and to identify the sentiment polarity towards these topics. As expected, Romanians are mostly concerned with their social condition in the context of the pandemic caused by CoVID-19, as our research has revealed a word frequency for the term “Coronavirus” prominently higher than any other preferred term. However, the analysis brings up a surprising turnaround as the overall sentiment of the text posted in this dataset is predominantly neutral with a higher frequency of positive posts compared to the negative ones. This was unforeseen by our initial expectations: a natural tendency to more negative posts than positive considering the context of the chosen study period. Moreover, when compared to the time series of the CoVID-19 infections and caused deaths in Romania, spikes of extremely high or low mean sentiment scores per day can be correlated to the fluctuations of the declared cases. Not only does this bring us closer to understanding the social impact of CoVID-19 in the current context, but the outcome of this analysis can be easily extrapolated for further investigations upon other social networking tools or for more in-depth analysis on our studied corpus.
Perception of Intelligent Packaging in the Context of Bioeconomy
Authors: Erika Loučanová , Ján Parobek , Martina Nosáľová , Dopico Ana , Daniela Hupková 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The research of new intelligent features has shown huge potential to optimize the supply chain and enhance consumer consciousness of product utilization. The implementation of bioeconomy principles in all sectors is essential in seeking to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. Innovation in the packaging industry can be considered as one of the key sectors in this approach. The study deals with the evaluation of the perception of intelligent packaging in Slovakia as ecological innovations through the Kano model. The results indicate that customer awareness of intelligent packaging as ecological innovation in the context bioeconomy is still at a low level in Slovakia. Hdgdgdsgowever, from the point of view of intelligent packaging, Slovak customers represent a key element of stakeholders for the management of innovation processes towards bioeconomy criteria.
Advanced Signal Processing Methods for Inspection of Aircraft Structural Materials
Authors: Lysenko Iuliia , Eremenko Volodymyr , Kuts Yurii , Protasov Anatoliy , Uchanin Valentin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aircraft, their assemblies, and units must provide high durability and reliability, and maintain mechanical and technological characteristics throughout the life span of the aircraft. Different elements of aircraft structures work under mechanical loads, over a wide temperature range, with varying degrees of exposure to corrosive environments. Aircraft structural materials have a variation in the characteristics values and require the various testing methods for their inspection.
In many NDT methods applied in aviation materials testing, signals that could be represented by a narrowband processes model are used. Known methods of their processing are focused on determining and analyzing the signals amplitude characteristics, but the information resource contained in phase characteristics is not used.
In the article, the methodology for signal processing and determining phase characteristics in the time domain are discussed. It is based on the combination of the discrete Hilbert transform and the deterministic and statistical methods of the phase measurement. There are given examples of the application of the methodology for pulsed eddy current testing of electrically conductive materials and products, ultrasonic thickness measurement of products made of materials have significant ultrasonic attenuation, the realization impulse variant of acoustic impedance flaw detection of products made of composite materials. The examples have shown that the proposed signal processing methodology enables to determine new information parameters and signal characteristics for the industry, and extend the scope of known NDT methods.
Detection of the Fatigue Cracks Initiated near the Rivet Holes by Eddy Current Inspection Techniques
Authors: Uchanin Valentyn 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Eddy current (EC) method is considered as most applicable for in-service detection of fatigue subsurface cracks initiated in aircraft multilayer structures near the rivet holes. At the same time, the successful solution of this problem is obstructed by additional noise created by defect-free rivets. All EC inspection techniques for the detection of subsurface cracks around the rivets can be classified into three main groups: 1) static mode – carried out by placing the EC probe concentrically on the rivet head; 2) rotational mode – when the EC probe is rotated around the rivet axle and 2) sliding mode – performed by the movement of EC probe along the rivet line or near it. All these approaches have some advantages and limitations. In this study, known EC techniques for the detection of cracks in multilayer aircraft structures are analyzed. New advanced EC techniques for the detection of fatigue cracks in internal layers of the riveted structures based on different types (ring, sliding, and rotational) probes are presented. The static EC method with developed low-height ring-type probe creates the possibility to detect cracks in the difficult of access areas. The possibility to estimate the length of detected cracks by a ring-type probe is shown. The proposed rotational remote field EC probe can detect as small as 1.0 mm long cracks under the button-head rivet and 2 mm thick upper skin with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, in many aircraft structures, fatigue cracks will be detected before a critical threshold achieved. New EC sliding techniques based on remote field and double differential probes were proposed for the rapid detection of cracks in internal layers of riveted aircraft structures. Remote-field EC probe for reliable detection of fatigue cracks in third and fourth layers of five-layer units was proposed. Another sliding technique based on a double differential EC probe gives the possibility to detect transverse cracks in the second layer without the rivet row area access. The main advantage of developed techniques is high inspection reliability due to the possibility to discriminate the signals created by cracks and defect-free rivets. Presented inspection procedures include the selective signal analysis in the complex plane diagram. Proposed EC inspection techniques were successfully implemented into the aircraft maintenance practice.
Qualitative and Quantitative Indicators of Railway Stations
Authors: Čamaj Juraj , Černá Lenka , Šperka Adrián , Zmeškal Ekaterina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The liberalization of the rail freight market has been booming in recent years. On a pan-European scale, new freight carriers are increasing year after year. Support for the liberalization of the railway sector is mainly implemented through the so-called railway packages and one of the tools is the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the individual railway stations. The relevance of the article is mainly to propose measures for railway stations, where freight transport is declining despite the liberalized market. These are main railway stations located on regional lines and railway stations with a smaller scope of transport work. The aim of this paper will be to propose measures to support freight transport in the Slovak Republic by setting minimum requirements (standards) for railway stations depending on their performance, respecting their current technical level of railway operation.
Homotopy Transforms Analysis Method for Solving Fractional Navier- Stokes Equations with Applications
Authors: Nemah Eman Mohmmed 
Published: August 2020

The presented work includes the Homotopy Transforms of Analysis Method (HTAM). By this method, the approximate solution of nonlinear Navier- Stokes equations of fractional order derivative was obtained. The Caputo's derivative was used in the proposed method. The desired solution was calculated by using the convergent power series to the components. The obtained results are demonstrated by comparison with the results of Adomain decomposition method, Homotopy Analysis method and exact solution, as explained in examples (4.1) and (4.2). The comparison shows that the used method is powerful and efficient.
Educational Augmented Reality Solar System
Authors: Alkurdi Ahmad A. H. 
Published: August 2020

Augmented reality (AR) has been the main focus for several technology corporations in the past few years. AR is the integration of computer generated objects with the users’ environment. The advancement of hardware enables devices to create and place virtual objects in our setting. AR concepts have provided great capabilities for the educational, entertainment and health sector.
People, specifically Primary school children comprehend visual material much more efficiently than imaginary or textual subjects. Augmented reality helps in visualizing and picturing different subjects in classrooms whereas traditionally students would have to imagine the subjects at hand.
ARKit is a powerful framework developed for iOS that enables iOS based devices to provide AR capabilities. This framework supports the placement of computer generated object in to our world in a seamless and effortless manner.
The proposed system is an augmented reality mobile application which illustrates the movement of the solar system. It also incorporates functionality to show specific information about planets for educational purposes. the system is a gateway for developing similar educational applications for school children.
The Results of Testing Several Potato Varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) Under The Stands of Immature Coffee Plants
Authors: Satria Benni 
Published: August 2020

Potatoes have the potential to be developed as a source of carbohydrates in supporting food diversification programs. Reduced potatoes production has resulted from a decrease in the land area for potato cultivation. The effort that can be made to increase land productivity is through multiple cropping systems such as intercropping, intermittent intercropping, streak planting, annual intercropping, and agroforestry. It is necessary to use idle land under plantation stands that have not been optimized, in increasing productivity and efficiency of agricultural production systems. This study aims to get the varieties that have the best growth and yields planted under immature coffee stands. This research applies a Single Factorial Experiment in Completely Random Design, where the factor is four levels of potato varieties, Granola (V1), Bliss (V2), Kentang Merah (V3) and Batang Hitam (V4). Observations made include plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, tuber length, tuber diameter, weight per tuber, number of tubers/plat, and total tuber by grade tubers (Small, Medium, Large, Very large). Based on the analysis variance of each observation variable shows, there is an effect of the variable observation except the width of the leaves. Granola provides the best response to the growth and yield of potato plants
Analysis of Marketing Efficiency of Garlic from Nagari SalayoTanang Bukik Sileh Sub District of Lembang Jaya District of Solok
Authors: Usman Yusri 
Published: August 2020

This study aims to describe the marketing channel of garlic from Nagari SalayoTanang Bukik Sileh and to analyze the efficiency of the marketing channel. The study used a survey method, and data were gathered from 30 farmers who chose randomly from 103 farmers and intermediary traders. The research finds that there are four types of marketing channels of garlic in the area. The market channels are as follows: 1) Farmers → Breeders → Farmers, 2) Farmers →wholesalers→Retailers→ Consumers, 3) Farmers → Retailers (in the form of dried onions) → Consumers, 4) Farmers → Retailers → Consumers. Moreover, there is no proportional shared profit among the four marketing channels. Farmers received lower earnings than their proportionate profits, but on the other hand, the benefits received by breeders, wholesalers, and retailers were higher than their proportional profits, so that the marketing channels were inefficient.
The Effect Of Seed Treatment Duration With Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria Bassiana On Seed Germination And Seedling Growth Of Chili
Authors: Trizelia Trizelia 
Published: August 2020

Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill. is an entomopathogenic fungi can live endophytic on different kinds of plants. B. bassiana also play a role as growth promoters that improves seed germination and growth of plant. The effect of increased duration of seed treatment with Beauveria bassiana on seed germination and seedling parameters in chili were assessed in laboratory and field conditions. Chili seeds were soaked in the conidial suspension of B. bassiana in a concentration of 1 x 108 conidial / ml or in sterile distilled water for 3, 6, 9, and 12 h. Seed germination percentages and the vigor index were significantly affected by the application of B. bassiana. Overall, seed germination, the vigor index and plant growth of chili were significantly enhanced as seed treatment duration increased. B. bassiana can also accelerate seed germination of chili and increase of seedling growth. Soaking the seeds with a B. bassiana suspension for 9 hours is the best time to increase of seed germination and seedling growth of chili
Studi Prospektif Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRS) Obat Hipoglikemik Oral Terhadap Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Suatu Rumah Sakit, Padang
Authors: Yosmar Rahmi , Inanta Nadia Putri , Sari Yelly Oktavia 
Published: August 2020

Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan penyakit gangguan metabolisme lemak, protein dan karbohidrat yang banyak dijumpai pada masyarakat. Terapi farmakologi diabetes melitus tipe 2 salah satunya dilakukan dengan pemberian obat hipoglikemik oral (OHO) yang dapat menyebabkan kemungkinan terjadinya Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs). Jenis ADRs yang umum terjadi adalah reaksi tipe A (Augmented) yaitu reaksi yang diperkirakan sebelumnya dan bergantung pada dosis obat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik sosiodemografis pasien dan mengevaluasi angka kejadian serta jenis ADRs yang ditimbulkan oleh obat hipoglikemik oral pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di poliklinik penyakit dalam RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode Juli – September 2018. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasional dengan pengumpulan data secara prospektif. Setiap ADRs aktual yang terjadi dihitung probabilitasnya dengan menggunakan algoritma Naranjo scale. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebanyak 37 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, dimana 51,35% berjenis kelamin wanita dan berusia >56 tahun sebanyak 59,46%. Pola penggunaan obat hipoglikemik oral yang paling banyak digunakan adalah kombinasi metformin dengan glimepirid sekitar 32,43 %. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa 8,1 % pasien mengalami kasus ADRs. Obat hipoglikemik oral yang diduga menjadi penyebab timbulnya ADRs tersebut adalah metformin dan metformin-glimepirid dapat menyebabkan mual dengan kategori possible ADRs serta metformin-glimepirid-acarbose yang menyebabkan terjadinya flatulensi dengan kategori probable ADRs.