bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large surgically resected leiomyosarcoma of the liver: a case report
Authors: Maeda Takashi , Yugawa Kyohei , Kinjo Nao , Imai Daisuke , Sanefuji Kensaku , Kawata Koto , Ikeda Shinichiro , Edahiro Keitaro , Takeishi Kazuki , Iguchi Tomohiro , Harada Noboru , Ninomiya Mizuki , Yamaguchi Shohei , Konishi Kozo , Tsutsui Shinichi , Matsuda Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma (PHL) is an extremely rare type of tumor. We herein report a case of a large surgically resected leiomyosarcoma of the liver.

Case presentation
A 69-year-old man with a feeling of epigastric compression was referred for examination of an abdominal mass. He had no history of liver disease or alcohol abuse. Liver function tests indicated Child-Pugh class A. Tumor markers were negative. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a relatively well-contrasted 12 × 11 × 8 cm tumor with well-defined boundary replacing the lateral segment of the liver alongside multiple intrahepatic metastases. Several nodules up to 12 mm were found in both lungs, suggestive of metastasis. SUVmax of the liver mass and lung tumor in positron emission tomography were 10.4 and 1.5, respectively. Hepatocellular carcinoma was primarily suspected. Lateral segmentectomy of the liver was performed to confirm diagnosis and prevent tumor rupture. Macroscopically, the lateral segment of the liver had been replaced by a lobular or multinodular tumor with a maximum diameter of 15 cm. In pathological findings, the tumor consisted of bundle-like proliferation of complicated banding spindle-like cells with clear cytoplasm, accompanied by storiform pattern and compressed blood vessels. Nuclear fission images were observed in 8/10 HPF. Partial necrosis was present, with associated venous invasion and intrahepatic metastasis. Immunohistochemical staining for tumor cells revealed desmin, α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), and h-caldesmon were all positive, informing a final diagnosis of PHL. The postoperative course was uneventful, and he was discharged on the 12th postoperative day.

Conclusions
PHL is a rare malignant disease with relatively poor prognosis. To confirm a diagnosis of PHL, immunohistochemical analysis as well as histopathological findings is important. The preferred treatment is surgical resection, sometimes in combination with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Further studies are needed to elucidate and better understand this uncommon clinical entity.
GeomDiff — an algorithm for differential geospatial vector data comparison
Authors: Sveen Atle Frenvik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiffs, a concept known from source code version control systems such as git, is interesting for geospatial, event-based workflows. We investigate how the native mathematical structure of vector geometries can be utilized in order to create a diffing algorithm tailored to geospatial vector data. Diffing algorithms are a well-researched area which dates to the 1970ies; however, we find that geospatial diffing operations tends to be carried out using generic algorithms combined with a pre- and post-processing step. We created GeomDiff, an algorithm and storage format tailored to geospatial vector data. The creation time, apply/undo time, and patch size of GeomDiff was compared to three other generic algorithms by running an online experiment using 2.5 million real-world geometry pairs from OpenStreetMap. We found that the GeomDiff algorithm performs better than or on-par with the alternatives on point-geometries, and complex geometries with a small (< 500) vertex count. We argue that there are both computation time and storage space improvements to be gained by using a tailored diffing algorithm for geospatial vector data. These promising first results encourages further refinement of the algorithm in order to handle complex geometries efficiently as well.
Abdominal extranodal lymphoma detection: positron emission tomography/computed tomography can help
Authors: Abdelmohsen Mohsen Ahmed , Omar Walid Mohamed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Lymphoid neoplasms that present with masses are broadly referred to as lymphomas, and they can be classified to two main groups: Hodgkin’s (HL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL); they are mainly characterized by enlargement of lymph nodes (nodal disease) although any organ in the body can be involved in different settings of the disease (extranodal disease). Adequate staging, which has a direct impact on prognosis, is essential to properly plan therapy. Stage IV disease with extranodal dissemination should be treated by long-term systemic chemotherapy.
By adding the metabolic changes to the conventional CT morphologic changes, combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) may offer clinically useful addition in staging of lymphomas and detection of extranodal lesions.

Results
The study included thirty nine patients, with forty-eight extranodal sites with lymphomatous infiltration, twenty-four males (61.5%), and fifteen females (38.4%). The patients showed forty-eight extranodal abdominal lymphomatous infiltration.
The study included twelve gastric lymphomatous lesions (25%), twelve splenic lymphomatous lesion (25%), three ileo-caecal lymphomatous lesions (6.25%), three patients (6.25%) with skin infiltration, three adrenal lymphomatous lesions (6.25%), three patients with hepatic lymphoma, and twelve bone marrow infiltrations (25%).
The most accurate SUV max cutoff value among studied cases was 3.5, the highest SUV max value noted was 21 in gastric lesions, and the lowest SUV max noted was 4.1 in adrenal lesions.
Confirmation of PET/CT results was done by histopathological assessment and post-management follow-up.

Conclusion
PET/CT study is an effective tool for evaluation of extranodal lymphomas. PET/CT fusion images can affect the clinical management plan by detection of extranodal lymphomas with lymphoma staging modification.
Hormonal Regulation of Autophagy in Thyroid PCCL3 Cells and the Thyroids of Male Mice
Authors: Kurashige Tomomi , Nakajima Yasuyo , Shimamura Mika , Yamada Masanobu , Nagayama Yuji 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process by which cells degrade intracellular proteins and organelles in the lysosomes and recycle their metabolites. We have recently demonstrated the crucial role for the basal level of autophagic activity in thyrocyte survival and homeostasis using the thyroid-specific autophagy knockout mice. Here, we first studied hormonal regulation of autophagy in thyrocytes in vitro using a rat thyroid cell line PCCl3 and in vivo with mice. In cultured PCCl3 cells, thyroxine decreased microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) puncta (a component of autophagosome) and increased p62 (an autophagy substrate) levels, showing thyroxine-suppression of autophagy. In contrast, TSH increased both LC3 puncta and p62 levels, but at the same time stabilized p62 protein by inhibiting p62 degradation, indicating TSH induction of autophagy. Our experiments with various inhibitors identified that both the cAMP-protein kinase (PK) A-cAMP response element binding protein/ERK and PKC signaling pathways regulates positively autophagic activity. The in vivo results obtained with wild-type mice treated with methimazole and perchlorate or thyroxine were consistent with in vitro results. Next, in thyroid-specific autophagy knockout mice treated with methimazole and perchlorate (that is, mice were placed under a stressed condition where enhanced autophagy was required) for 2 months, lower follicle sizes and lower thyroglobulin contents in thyrocytes were observed, suggesting impaired thyroglobulin production presumably from insufficient nutrient supply. We therefore conclude that TSH positively regulates autophagic activity through the cAMP-PKA-cAMP response element binding protein/ERK and PKC signaling pathways, whereas thyroid hormones inhibit its activity in thyrocytes. Metabolites produced by autophagy appear to be necessary for protein synthesis stimulated by TSH.
Ultrasensitive Serum Estradiol Measurement by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in Postmenopausal Women and Mice
Authors: Handelsman David J , Gibson Emma , Davis Susan , Golebiowski Blanka , Walters Kirsty A , Desai Reena 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Accurate measurement of very low circulating estradiol (E2) (&lt;5 pg/ml) in postmenopausal women and in mice is essential to investigating sex steroid action in target tissues. However, direct immunoassays are too inaccurate and conventional mass spectrometry-based measurement too insensitive at these serum E2 levels. We report application of an ultrasensitive method using a novel estrogen-selective derivatization in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to measure serum E2, with a detection limit of 0.25 pg/ml in small (0.2 ml) serum volumes that can quantify serum E2 in 98% and serum E1 in 100% of healthy postmenopausal women. Aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment of postmenopausal women with breast cancer further reduces serum E2 by 85% and serum estrone (E1) by 80%. The wide scatter of circulating E2 in AI-treated women suggests that the degree of sustained E2 depletion, now quantifiable, may be an efficacy or safety biomarker of adjuvant AI treatment. This ultrasensitive method can also measure serum E2 in most (65%) female but not in any male mice. Further studies are warranted using this and comparable ultrasensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry estrogen measurements to investigate the relationship of circulating E2 (and E1) in male, postmenopausal female, and childhood health where accurate quantification of serum estrogens was not previously feasible. This will focus on the direct impact of estrogens as well as the indirect effects of androgen aromatization on reproductive, bone, and brain tissues and, notably, the efficacy and safety of AIs in adjuvant breast cancer treatment.
PRESENÇA PATERNA E CONSTRUÇÃO DA ILUSÃO DE UNIDADE A PARTIR DAS TEORIAS DE FREUD E WINNICOTT
Authors: Pinheiro Nadja Nara Barbosa 
Published: July 2020

Resumo: O artigo objetiva demonstrar que Winnicott destaca, em um de seus últimos textos, a importância da presença paterna nos momentos mais arcaicos de construção subjetiva ao inserir a sensação de ilusão de unidade que sustenta o processo de diferenciação entre o bebê e sua mãe em prol do alcance da individuação pessoal. Para tal, apresenta os elementos clínicos que indicaram a Freud a necessidade de elaboração do conceito de pulsão sexual, o qual indica que tanto pulsão quanto objeto, a princípio, se mostram marcados pelas parcialidades. Debruça-se sobre a proposta winnicottiana de deslocar o início do exercício da função paterna do momento edípico para os primórdios do desenvolvimento emocional e propor que a presença do Pai produz efeitos significativos tanto sobre a mãe (apoiando-a em suas tarefas diárias) quanto sobre o bebê, apresentando-se como primeiro objeto total que pode ser usado como matriz para a construção da ilusão de unidade pessoal, capaz de ultrapassar as parcialidades pulsionais.Palavras-chave: Presença Paterna. Individuação. Winnicott. Abstract: The article aims to demonstrate the thesis that Winnicott highlights, in one of his last texts, the importance of the paternal presence in the most archaic moments of subjective construction by inserting the feeling of illusion of unity that sustains the process of differentiation between the baby and his mother in favor of reaching personal individuation. To this end, it presents the clinical elements that indicated Freud the need to elaborate the concept of sexual drive, which indicates that both drive and object, at first, are marked by partialities. It focuses on the theory postulated by Winnicott which, shifting the beginning of the exercise of the paternal function from the oedipal moment to the beginnings of emotional development. The theory proposes that the presence of the Father produces significant effects on mother ‘s mental register (supporting her in their daily tasks) and on baby’s emotional state, by presenting him as the first total object which can be used as a matrix for the construction of the illusion of personal unity and capable of overcoming the instinctual partialities.
Utilization of image phase information to achieve super-sampling
Authors: Caron James N. 
Published: July 2020

For image phase-based super-sampling, an image sequence consisting of slightly displaced frames is up-sampled, aligned, and averaged into a single larger image that possesses image resolution exceeding the limitations of the imaging system. This process obtains a significant portion of high-resolution phase information and models the missing magnitude using deconvolution or reconstruction algorithms. Three simulations are presented in which a 32-frame sequence with the size 256 by 256 pixels is processed to create a single 4096 by 4096 pixel image with pixel level resolution. An empirical test was also conducted showing resolution beyond the digital sampling resolution limit of the camera.
Rios urbanos e a politíca de canalização
Authors: Fagundes Beatriz 
Published: July 2020

A maioria dos cursos d’água da cidade de Presidente Prudente se encontra com canalização e muitos outros são inacessíveis à população. Os cursos d’água da cidade estão degradados com leitos assoreados, processos erosivos intensos, acúmulo de lixo nas margens e nas áreas adjacentes ao córrego. Por isso, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar como as intervenções e ações do poder público afetaram os córregos urbanos de Presidente Prudente ao longo do tempo, bem como, as leis de proteção a essas águas e a sua aplicabilidade durante o processo de expansão urbana. O estudo compreendeu trabalhos de campo, entrevistas com citadinos, análise de imagens de satélite do Google Earth, de pesquisas que sobre questões ambientais e de produção do espaço urbano de Presidente Prudente, assim como, a análise de vários documentos. Os resultados revelaram que o planejamento urbano de Presidente Prudente privilegiou o setor imobiliário, sem considerar o marco legal que protege os cursos d’água da cidade. Na estruturação da cidade, suas águas foram levadas a circular por galerias de concreto, com subsequente construção de espaços públicos de lazer como solução imediata para os problemas ambientais instalados nos fundos de vale. Esse processo, associado à falta de espaços urbanos valorizando a presença das águas na paisagem, contribuiu para que a população aceitasse as canalizações como destino final das águas urbanas. ostrar qual a situação atual dessas águas.
Evidencing the gap between health expectancy and life expectancy for ethnic groups in Scotland.
Authors: Cezard Genevieve I 
Published: July 2020

Background
Recent evidence has shown that ethnic minorities live longer than the majority population in Scotland. This mortality advantage in ethnic minorities is not unique to Scotland. However, whether morbidity patterns by ethnicity align with mortality patterns by ethnicity is unknown. Thus, this study explores ethnic differences in health expectancies (HE) in Scotland and contrasts HE with life expectancy (LE) findings.
Methods
The Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage study anonymously links the Scottish Census 2001 for 4.6 million people to mortality records. The Scottish Census 2001 collected two measures of self-assessed health, self-declared ethnicity, age, and sex. Utilising the life tables used to calculate life expectancy by ethnicity and sex in Scotland, the Sullivan method was employed to calculate two measures of health expectancy (healthy life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy) by ethnicity and sex. 95% confidence intervals were calculated to detect significant differences compared to the majority White Scottish population, taken as reference.
Results
Longer health expectancies were found in males and females of Other White British, Other White, and Chinese origins as well as in Indian males compared to White Scottish populations. Any Mixed Background and Pakistani populations had the shortest healthy life expectancies. Patterns of health expectancy by ethnicity mostly aligned with patterns of life expectancy by ethnicity with the clear exception of the Pakistani population who showed among the longest life expectancies with the shortest health expectancies. Contrasting HE with LE findings, the number of years in an unhealthy state was greater in females than in males for each ethnic group. In relation to ethnicity, Pakistani and Indian populations had the highest number of years in an unhealthy state in Scotland. Pakistani females showed the strong-est disadvantage in this respect.
Conclusion
Pakistani populations had the shortest health expectancies contrasting with the longest life expectancies in Scotland. Future research should aim to understand why such a discrepancy occurs while policy makers ensure that fair and adapt-ed care is provided to offer better quality of life for the most vulnerable.
Fatal high-grade skull osteosarcoma 30 years following radiotherapy for Cushing’s disease
Authors: Wang Mawson , Jonker Benjamin , Killen Louise , Bogum Yvonne , McCormack Ann , Bishay Ramy H 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Cushing’s disease is a rare disorder characterised by excessive cortisol production as a consequence of a corticotroph pituitary tumour. While the primary treatment is surgical resection, post-operative radiation therapy may be used in cases of ongoing inadequate hormonal control or residual or progressive structural disease. Despite improved outcomes, radiotherapy for pituitary tumours is associated with hypopituitarism, visual deficits and, rarely, secondary malignancies. We describe an unusual case of a 67-year-old female with presumed Cushing’s disease diagnosed at the age of 37, treated with transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary tumour with post-operative external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), ketoconazole for steroidogenesis inhibition, and finally bilateral adrenalectomy for refractory disease. She presented 30 years after her treatment with a witnessed generalised tonic-clonic seizure. Radiological investigations confirmed an extracranial mass infiltrating through the temporal bone and into brain parenchyma. Due to recurrent generalised seizures, the patient was intubated and commenced on dexamethasone and anti-epileptic therapy. Resection of the tumour revealed a high-grade osteoblastic osteosarcoma. Unfortunately, the patient deteriorated in intensive care and suffered a fatal cardiac arrest following a likely aspiration event. We describe the risk factors, prevalence and treatment of radiation-induced osteosarcoma, an exceedingly rare and late complication of pituitary irradiation. To our knowledge, this is the longest reported latency period between pituitary irradiation and the development of an osteosarcoma of the skull.

Learning points:

Cushing’s disease is treated with transsphenoidal resection as first-line therapy, with radiotherapy used in cases of incomplete resection, disease recurrence or persistent hypercortisolism.

The most common long-term adverse outcome of pituitary tumour irradiation is hypopituitarism occurring in 30–60% of patients at 10 years, and less commonly, vision loss and oculomotor nerve palsies, radiation-induced brain tumours and sarcomas.

Currently proposed characteristics of radiation-induced osteosarcomas include: the finding of a different histological type to the primary tumour, has developed within or adjacent to the path of the radiation beam, and a latency period of at least 3 years.

Treatment of osteosarcoma of the skull include complete surgical excision, followed by systemic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.

Overall prognosis in radiation-induced sarcoma of bone is poor.

Newer techniques such as stereotactic radiosurgery may reduce the incidence of radiation-induced malignancies.
Changes in Prognosis of Heterotaxy Syndrome Over Time
Authors: Banka Puja , Adar Adi , Schaetzle Barbara , Sleeper Lynn A. , Emani Sitaram , Geva Tal 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:
Long-term outcomes in heterotaxy syndrome (HS) are poorly described. Some reports suggest improved survival in the recent era, whereas others do not. We sought to describe long-term outcomes and assess whether outcomes have changed over time.

METHODS:
Patients with HS born between 1985 and 2014 who had cardiac care (except initial palliation) at our institution were divided into 4 birth eras and survival over time was compared. Independent risk factors for mortality were identified by using Cox proportional hazards regression. In patients who underwent surgery, association between surgical pathway (univentricular versus biventricular repair) and mortality after adjusting for baseline confounders was evaluated. A risk stratification model was created by using classification and regression analysis.

RESULTS:
Among 264 patients, 118 (44.7%) had asplenia and 146 (55.3%) had polysplenia syndrome. Overall mortality was 40.2% (n = 106), with median follow-up of 10.2 years (longest 31.5 years). In multivariable analysis, pulmonary vein stenosis, coarctation, univentricular circulation, asplenia phenotype, and at least mild atrioventricular valve regurgitation at presentation were associated with mortality, whereas birth era was not. Among patients who underwent surgery, univentricular repair remained associated with mortality after adjustment. In classification and regression analysis, patients with biventricular circulation (especially those with polysplenia) had lower mortality than those with univentricular circulation.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this large retrospective study of HS, outcomes remain poor and have not improved since the early 1990s. We identified risks factors associated with earlier mortality and found that those with univentricular circulation and totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection had the worst prognosis. Survival was higher in those with biventricular circulation.
Studi Alternatif Bangunan Pengaman Pantai di Pesisir Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Pasaribu Roberto Patar , Irwan Asep , Soeprijadi Liliek , Pattirane Chrisoetanto 
Published: July 2020

Dinamika oseanografi pantai Karawang sangat dipengaruhi oleh gelombang dari Laut Jawa. Proses hidro-oseanografi ini menyebabkan kerusakan di beberapa tempat di Pantai Utara Karawang. Penyebab kerusakan yang paling utama adalah gelombang laut yang datang dari arah timur laut. Gelombang ini menyebabkan adanya arus sejajar pantai dan tegak lurus pantai yang menyebabkan terjadinya abrasi dan sedimentasi pantai. Kerusakan pantai dapat dicegah dengan mendirikan bangunan pengaman pantai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jenis bangunan pengaman pantai sebagai salah satu cara mencegah kerusakan pantai di pesisir kabupaten Karawang dengan cara mengumpulkan, mengolah dan menganalisis data batimetri, angin dan pasang surut. Berdasarkan analisis data pasang surut dapat menentukan elevasi bangunan, dari pengolahan data angin diperoleh peramalan gelombang berupa tinggi, periode, dan arah gelombang. Hasil analisis gelombang, batimetri dan topografi, diperoleh bahwa jenis bangunan pantai yang sesuai untuk pengaman pantai di pesisir kabupaten Karawang adalah bangunan breakwater dan groin. Breakwater dan groin dipilih untuk pengaman pantai di pantai Karawang karena dapat mengurangi limpasan gelombang yang terjadi, sehingga dapat melindungi pantai dari gempuran gelombang supaya tidak terjadi abrasi.