bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mallet finger in an anaesthetist following tracheal intubation
Authors: de Vena Franks P. L. , Lightfoot N. J. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryWe describe an unusual work‐related mallet finger injury sustained by an anaesthetist at the time of induction of anaesthesia. Although injuries in healthcare workers are common, they are rarely described in the literature, and this is the first time that such an injury has been described in this setting. The injury was managed non‐surgically and after a significant time away from clinical duties, the anaesthetist made a good recovery and returned to clinical work. Potential contributing factors and preventative strategies are discussed in order to help anaesthetists avoid similar injuries occurring in future.
Identification of Unique Aldehyde Dimers in Sorghum Wax Recovered after Fermentation in a Commercial Fuel Ethanol Plant
Authors: Moreau Robert A. , Sharma Megan E. , Nuñez Alberto , Mullen Charles A. , Powell Michael J. , Jones Kerby , Harron Andrew , Cafmeyer Jeffrey T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSorghum wax can be extracted from the surface of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) kernels. It is composed mostly of a mixture of unsaturated C28 and C30 alkanes, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and fatty aldehydes. Like carnauba wax, sorghum wax is a hard wax with a high melting point and it has potential edible and industrial applications. The yield of sorghum wax from the surface of sorghum kernels is 0.2–0.5 g of wax per 100 g of kernels. Sorghum wax can also be recovered from the “distillers oil” which is obtained after fermentation of sorghum (milo) or sorghum/corn blends in dry grind fuel ethanol plants. This distillers sorghum wax can potentially be obtained in yields of up to 10% by chilling the distillers oil to precipitate the wax and then recovering it via centrifugation or filtration. Like sorghum kernel wax, distillers sorghum wax is mainly composed of C28 and C30 alkanes, alcohols, and aldehydes in the molecular weight (MW) range of 350–450. However, we found that 7–49% w/w of distillers sorghum wax is composed of larger wax components with MW of 799–912. Analysis via high‐resolution atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI) and gas chromatography with electron ionization mass spectrometry (GC/MS‐EI) resulted in exact mass data and fragmentation patterns that suggested that these high MW compounds are monounsaturated fatty aldehyde dimers, likely formed by aldol condensation. Further confirmation supporting the GC/MS data for the aldol reaction was obtained by comparison with similar aldol products.
Analysis and prediction of the width of spreading carbon fiber tow based on gray system theory
Authors: Zhou Qihong , Wu Guangzong , Wang Zhenxi , Wang Bing , Chen Ge , Sun Zhihong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article studied the effects of the speed of spreading fiber and tension of spreading fiber on the width of spreading carbon fiber tow. Based on the single tension of spreading fiber, the univariate gray prediction model GM (1,1) was established, which showed high feasibility and accuracy. Under different tensions of spreading fiber, the intrinsic correlation of the width sequence were analyzed and the multivariate gray prediction model MGM(1,n) was established to predict width of spreading fiber. By transforming the identity of multiple factors in the uncertainty system, it can overcome the limitation that multiple factors develops without keeping same pace. The analysis shows that there is an intrinsic correlation between the widths of spreading fiber tow under different tensions of spreading fiber. Based on the gray correlation degree and the adjacent sequence, the gray prediction model established has high numerical precision. There is good guiding significance for precision optimization in actual production.
Direct and indirect effects of fear‐of‐missing‐out appeals on purchase likelihood
Authors: Good Megan C. , Hyman Michael R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResearchers typically treat fear‐of‐missing‐out (FOMO) as a personality trait or a general sense of anxiety about “missing out on” activities with others. If messages with FOMO‐laden appeals can induce context‐specific FOMO responses, FOMO is crucial to consumer behaviour scholars and marketing practitioners. Also, certain emotions may moderate the effect of such appeals on consumers' purchase intentions toward the recommended hedonic service/experience. The vignette‐based experiment summarized here suggests that FOMO‐laden appeals can influence consumers' purchase intentions. Specifically, such appeals can strengthen purchase intentions by boosting consumers' anticipated elation and self‐enhancement or weaken purchase intentions by boosting anticipated expense regret.
Magnetic Resonance Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange of Selective PyFALGEA Oligopeptide Ligands Towards Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors
Authors: Ratajczyk Tomasz , Buntkowsky Gerd , Gutmann Torsten , Fedorczyk Bartłomiej , Mames Adam , Pietrzak Mariusz , Puzio Zuzanna , Szkudlarek Piotr Grzegorz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe biorelevant PyFALGEA oligopeptide ligand, which is selective towards the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), has been successfully employed as a substrate in magnetic resonance signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) experiments. It is demonstrated that PyFALGEA and the iridium catalyst IMes form a PyFALGEA:IMes molecular complex. The interaction between PyFALGEA:IMes and H2 results in a ternary SABRE complex. Selective 1D EXSY experiments reveal that this complex is labile, which is an essential condition for successful hyperpolarization by SABRE. Polarization transfer from parahydrogen to PyFALGEA is observed leading to significant enhancement of the 1H NMR signals of PyFALGEA. Different iridium catalysts and peptides are inspected to discuss the influence of their molecular structures on the efficiency of hyperpolarization. It is observed that PyFALGEA oligopeptide hyperpolarization is more efficient when an iridium catalyst with a sterically less demanding NHC ligand system such as IMesBn is employed. Experiments with shorter analogues of PyFALGEA, that is, PyLGEA and PyEA, show that the bulky phenylalanine from the PyFALGEA oligopeptide causes steric hindrance in the SABRE complex, which hampers hyperpolarization with IMes. Finally, a single‐scan 1H NMR SABRE experiment of PyFALGEA with IMesBn revealed a unique pattern of NMR lines in the hydride region, which can be treated as a fingerprint of this important oligopeptide.
Cadmium, nickel, copper, and zinc influence on microfilament organization in Arabidopsis root cells
Authors: Yemets Alla , Horiunova Inna , Blume Yaroslav 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe plant cytoskeleton orchestrates such fundamental processes in cells as division, growth and development, polymer cross‐linking, membrane anchorage, etc. Here, we describe the influence of Cd2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ on root development and vital organization of actin filaments into different cells of Arabidopsis thaliana line expressing GFP‐FABD2. CdSO4, NiSO4, CuSO4, and ZnSO4 were used in concentrations of 5–20 µM in this study. It was found that Cd, Ni, and Cu cause dose‐dependent primary root growth inhibition and alteration of the root morphology, whereas Zn slightly stimulates root growth and does not affect the morphology of Arabidopsis roots. This growth inhibition/stimulation correlated with the various sensitivities of microfilaments to Cd, Ni, Cu, and Zn action. It was established that Cd, Ni, and Cu affected predominantly the actin filaments of meristematic cells. Cells of transition and elongation zones demonstrated strong actin filament sensitivity to Cd and Cu. Microfilaments of elongating root cells were more sensitive to Ni and Cu. Although Cd, Ni, and Cu stimulated root hair growth after long‐term treatment, actin filaments were destroyed after 1 h exposure with these metals. Zn did not disrupt native actin filament organization in root cells. Thus, our investigation shows that microfilaments act as sensitive cellular targets for Cd, Ni, and Cu. More data on effects on native actin filaments organization would contribute to a better understanding of plant tolerance mechanisms to the action of these metals.
Unique Asymptotics of Compact Ancient Solutions to Three‐Dimensional Ricci Flow
Authors: Angenent Sigurd , Brendle Simon , Daskalopoulos Panagiota , Šešum Natasa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider compact ancient solutions to the three‐dimensional Ricci flow that are κ‐noncollapsed. We prove that such a solution either is a family of shrinking round spheres or has a unique asymptotic behavior as t →  − ∞, which we describe. This analysis applies in particular to the ancient solution constructed by Perelman. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Ligand Stabilized Ni1 Catalyst for Efficient CO Oxidation
Authors: Jian Minzhen , Zhao Chuanlin , Li Wei‐Xue 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSupported single transition metal (TM1) catalysts have attracted broad attention in academia recently. Still, their corresponding reactivity and stability under reaction conditions are critical but have not well explored at the fundamental level. Herein, we use density functional theory calculation and ab initio molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the role of reactants and ligands on the reactivity and stability of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) supported Ni1 for CO oxidation. We find out that supported bare Ni1 atoms are only metastable on the surface and tend to diffuse into the interlayer of g‐C3N4. Though Ni1 is catalytically active at moderate temperatures, CO adsorption induced dimerization deactivates the catalyst. Hydroxyl groups not only are able to stabilize the supported Ni1 atom, but also increase the reactivity by participating directly in the reaction. Our results provide valuable insights on improving the chemical stability of TM1 by ligands without sacrificing the reactivity, which are helpful for the rational design of highly loaded atomically dispersed supported metal catalysts.
A Small Dye Puzzle: π‐Conjugation of Perylenes with External Aromatic Compounds via Imidazo‐Quinoxaline Bridges
Authors: Dobeneck Michaela , Kaur Ramandeep , Platzer Benedikt , Guldi Dirk M. , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a library of unprecedented π‐extended perylenes is reported. For this purpose, a successful step‐by‐step connection of three puzzle pieces, namely a perylene, an imidazole‐quinoxaline bridge and an o‐quinone was developed. Our synthetic route allows for facile access to linearly π‐extended perylenes in a highly chemoselective manner. The absorption and fluorescence properties are solvent dependent and are bathochromically shifted relative to unbridged perylene references. Overall, the fluorescence quantum yields are high with values ranging from 46 % to 11 %. To complete the physico‐chemical characterization, differential pulse and cyclic voltammograms were recorded showing two reductions and two oxidations for each of the linearly π‐extended perylenes.
Genetic diversity is indispensable for plant breeding to improve crops
Authors: Swarup Shilpa , Cargill Edward J. , Crosby Kate , Flagel Lex , Kniskern Joel , Glenn Kevin C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlant breeders face multiple global challenges that affect food security, productivity, accessibility, and nutritional quality. One major challenge for plant breeders is developing environmentally resilient crop cultivars in response to rapid shifts in cultivation conditions and resources due to climate change. Plant breeders rely on different crop genetic resources, breeding tools, and methods to incorporate genetic diversity into commercialized cultivars. Breeders use genetic diversity to develop new cultivars with improved agronomics, such as higher yield, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and to improve the nutritional quality of foods for a growing world population. Plant breeders perform the essential task of strategic integration of new genetic diversity while preserving important economic traits of individual crops such as relative maturity (maize, Zea mays L.), fruit type (tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), plant type (lettuce Lactuca sativa L.), and habitat type (canola, Brassica napus L.) that are highly specialized for specific consumer preferences or market needs. This review provides an industry perspective on how genetic diversity is incorporated for crop improvement by (a) using a real‐life example to highlight the vast amount of genetic diversity that exists in plants, (b) providing a conceptual example to illustrate strategic challenges a breeder faces while incorporating diversity, (c) describing how and why it can a decade or more to incorporate diversity into commercialized cultivars, even when advanced tools and technologies are used, and (d) sharing factors that plant breeders consider when applying various tools, including genome editing, at different stages of plant breeding.
Priority effects: How the order of arrival of an invasive grass, Bromus tectorum, alters productivity and plant community structure when grown with native grass species
Authors: Ploughe Laura Weber , Carlyle Cameron N. , Fraser Lauchlan H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTheories and models attempt to explain how and why particular plant species grow together at particular sites or why invasive exotic species dominate plant communities. As local climates change and human‐use degrades and disturbs ecosystems, a better understanding of how plant communities assemble is pertinent, particularly when restoring grassland ecosystems that are frequently disturbed. One such community assembly theory is priority effects, which suggests that arrival order of species into a community alters plant–plant interactions and community assembly. Theoretically, priority effects can have lasting effects on ecosystems and will likely be altered as the risk of invasion by exotic species increases. It is difficult to predict how and when priority effects occur, as experimental reconstruction of arrival order is often difficult in adequate detail. As a result, limited experimental studies have explored priority effects on plant community assembly and plant invasions. To determine if and how priority effects affect the success of invasive species, we conducted a greenhouse study exploring how the arrival order of an invasive grass, Bromus tectorum, affects productivity and community composition when grown with native grasses. We found evidence for priority effects, as productivity was positively related to dominance of B. tectorum and was greater the earlier B. tectorum arrived. This suggests that priority effects could be important for plant communities as the early arrival of an invasive species drastically impacted the productivity and biodiversity of our system at the early establishment stages of plant community development.
Ignoring uncertainty in predictor variables leads to false confidence in results: a case study of duck habitat use
Authors: Behney Adam C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn assumption of most regression analyses is that independent variables are measured without error. However, in ecological studies it is common to use independent variables that are derived from samples and therefore contain some uncertainty. For example, when assessing the assumption that energy availability on the landscape is the primary driver of duck distribution during nonbreeding seasons, investigators typically sample energy availability at sites and use the site‐level means as a covariate to predict duck abundance. This strategy ignores uncertainty in the estimates of energy availability, which should be propagated into estimates of effects and predicted values of the response variable. I used Bayesian hierarchical models to include uncertainty in site‐level covariates when modeling dabbling duck count data during the spring in northeastern Colorado, USA. I found that even after accounting for uncertainty in energy availability, it was an important predictor of dabbling duck use of sites. Counts were greater at sites with more energy available; however, credible intervals were substantially wider when uncertainty in predictor variables was included. Therefore, ignoring uncertainty leads to overly precise model outputs. Furthermore, I found that larger sites and those further east also supported more dabbling ducks. Using a sample as a covariate is common in ecological studies, and researchers can use the methods outlined here to account for this additional level of uncertainty. These case study results can be used by habitat managers and planners to guide how and where wetland restoration occurs with a more accurate idea of the uncertainty associated with various effects.
Fulminant myocarditis in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 and rapid myocardial recovery following treatment
Authors: Gay Hawkins C. , Sinha Arjun , Michel Eriberto , Mozer Anthony B. , Budd Ashley , Feinstein Matthew J. , Benzuly Keith H. , Al‐Qamari Abbas , Pawale Amit A. , Vorovich Esther E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a global pandemic increasingly encountered in the clinical setting. It typically manifests as a respiratory illness, although cardiac involvement is common and portends a worse prognosis. We present the case of a 56‐year‐old male admitted with COVID‐19 fulminant myocarditis and cardiogenic shock. We discuss important aspects of the multidisciplinary and interventional care involved in treating cardiogenic shock as well as the likely mechanisms of, and potential treatment for, COVID‐19 myocarditis. The various pathways of myocardial injury, including direct viral damage, macrophage activation, and lymphocytic infiltration, are outlined in detail in addition to associated pathology such as cytokine release syndrome. COVID‐19 is a complex and multisystem disease process; in addition to supportive care, specific consideration should be given to the underlying mechanism of injury for each patient.
Elevated plasma endothelin‐1 is related to low natriuresis, clinical signs of congestion, and poor outcome in acute heart failure
Authors: Zymliński Robert , Sierpiński Radosław , Metra Marco , Cotter Gad , Sokolski Mateusz , Siwołowski Paweł , Garus Mateusz , Gajewski Piotr , Tryba Joanna , Samorek Maria , Jankowska Ewa A. , Biegus Jan , Ponikowski Piotr 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsEndothelin‐1 (ET‐1) is a potent vasoconstrictor, which regulates renal and vascular function. We aimed to relate plasma levels of ET‐1 with the clinical picture and outcomes in acute heart failure (AHF).Methods and resultsWe studied 113 patients with AHF [mean age 65 ± 13 (years), median (upper and lower quartiles) N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide, 5422 (2689; 8582) (pg/mL)], in whom plasma levels of ET‐1 were serially measured at admission (10.8 ± 5.2), Day 1 (9.5 ± 3.4), and Day 2 (8.9 ± 3.8) (pg/mL). The population was divided into tertiles across baseline ET‐1 levels. Patients in the highest ET‐1 tertile had predominant clinical signs of peripheral congestion; however, no difference was observed in pulmonary congestion and severity of dyspnoea. They also presented lower spot urine sodium at admission (75 ± 35 vs. 99 ± 43 vs. 108 ± 30), 6 h (84 ± 34 vs. 106 ± 43 vs. 106 ± 35), and Day 1 (75 ± 38 vs. 96 ± 36 vs. 100 ± 35) (mmol/L), when compared with the second and first tertile, respectively (all P < 0.05); furthermore, they received higher doses of intravenous furosemide from Day 2 and had longer intravenous diuretics, as median switch to oral furosemide was 4 (3; 4) vs. 3 (2; 4) vs. 2 (2; 3) (days), respectively, P < 0.05. There was no difference in serum creatinine, urea, and renal injury biomarkers (kidney injury molecule‐1, serum cystatin C, and urine neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin) between the ET‐1 tertiles. Higher values of ET‐1 measured at each time point were related with a higher risk of 1 year mortality.ConclusionsElevation of ET‐1 is related to clinical signs of peripheral congestion, low urine sodium excretion, and poor outcome in AHF.
‘Drawing a line in the sand’: Physician diagnostic uncertainty in paediatric chronic pain
Authors: Neville Alexandra , Noel Melanie , Clinch Jacqueline , Pincus Tamar , Jordan Abbie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostic uncertainty is the subjective perception of an inability to provide an accurate explanation of the patient's health problem or that a label is missing or incorrect. While recently explored in youth with chronic pain and families, this is the first study to investigate diagnostic uncertainty from the perspectives of physicians.MethodsIndividual, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 16 paediatricians who assess and/or treat youth who experience complex chronic pain. Interviews explored paediatricians’ perceptions, beliefs and confidence regarding the assessment and management of chronic pain in youth and how they manage uncertainty regarding the diagnosis. Interviews were analysed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsAnalyses generated one prominent theme: ‘drawing a line in the sand’. Within this theme, physicians discussed uncertainty as inherent to their role treating youth with chronic pain. The metaphor of ‘drawing a line in the sand’ was used to describe a process of identifying a point at which physicians no longer sought a new diagnosis for the child's pain or continued diagnostic investigations. This line was influenced by numerous factors, which are highlighted through four subthemes: physician training, experience and mentorship; individual patient and family factors; perceived reassurance of diagnostic investigations; and the broader social context and implications.ConclusionsHow physicians manage diagnostic uncertainty must be understood, as it is likely to critically impact how a diagnosis of chronic pain is communicated, the diagnostic investigations undertaken, the wait time to receiving a diagnosis, and ultimately youths’ pain experiences.
Broad white matter impairment in multiple system atrophy
Authors: Del Campo Natalia , Phillips Owen , Ory‐Magne Françoise , Brefel‐Courbon Christine , Galitzky Monique , Thalamas Claire , Narr Katherine L. , Joshi Shantanu , Singh Manpreet K. , Péran Patrice , Pavy‐LeTraon Anne , Rascol Olivier 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the widespread aberrant accumulation of α‐synuclein (α‐syn). MSA differs from other synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD) in that α‐syn accumulates primarily in oligodendrocytes, the only source of white matter myelination in the brain. Previous MSA imaging studies have uncovered focal differences in white matter. Here, we sought to build on this work by taking a global perspective on whole brain white matter. In order to do this, in vivo structural imaging and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging were acquired on 26 MSA patients, 26 healthy controls, and 23 PD patients. A refined whole brain approach encompassing the major fiber tracts and the superficial white matter located at the boundary of the cortical mantle was applied. The primary observation was that MSA but not PD patients had whole brain deep and superficial white matter diffusivity abnormalities (p < .001). In addition, in MSA patients, these abnormalities were associated with motor (Unified MSA Rating Scale, Part II) and cognitive functions (Mini‐Mental State Examination). The pervasive whole brain abnormalities we observe suggest that there is widespread white matter damage in MSA patients which mirrors the widespread aggregation of α‐syn in oligodendrocytes. Importantly, whole brain white matter abnormalities were associated with clinical symptoms, suggesting that white matter impairment may be more central to MSA than previously thought.