bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavior of RC Beams Under Two Points Load with Different Out-of-Plane Parts
Authors: Muhammed Nura Jasim , Al-Azzawi Adel A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study focused on the out-of-plane beam behavior and the reduction caused by changes in the longitudinal axis and the out-of-plane span length in addition to the effect of adding torsion reinforcement. Five RC beams (150*200*2000) mm with constant cross section and reinforcement (except two with additional torsion reinforcement) were cast and tested under two points of monotonic load. The results showed that the existence of the out-of-plane part reduced the ultimate load by (80%), and the two out-of-plane span lengths (150mm and 300 mm) were different in behavior, that the outof-plane span (300 mm) behaved as under pure torsion while the (150 mm) behaved like under flexural and torsion loads. The worst case was for the beam with an out-of-plane part (150 mm), and the effect of adding torsion reinforcement enhanced the ultimate load by (80%) for the beam with an out-of-plane part (300 mm) whilst by (5%) for the beam with out-of-plane part (150mm).
Studying the Effect of Noise Barrier Characteristics on Traffic Noise in Urban Areas
Authors: Ramadan Ibrahim , Salah Tahra , Alhariri Osama 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research aims to identify the optimal noise concrete barrier mix through two critical stages. The initial step involves calibrating a traffic noise model via a field survey at 18 locations, encompassing volume counts and noise levels at varying distances. The subsequent step entails laboratory tests on different concrete barrier materials. The researchers developed two regression models. In the laboratory, they investigated five barrier types: reinforced, three variations of foamed concrete, and foamed concrete without aggregate. Employing a 92 dB noise source, they measured noise levels at distinct distances from the barrier. Ultimately, foamed concrete without aggregate emerged as the most effective barrier, potentially reducing noise levels by up to 46.4% at a distance of 3 meters with the use of this barrier.
The Potentials of Integration in the Historical Khan of Al-Exandria-Babylon
Authors: Shaker Fatima Sadiq , Musa Rashaa Malik 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Contemporary trends focus on exploiting the value of historical buildings and actively involving them in urban development projects, The integration policy is a middle ground between preserving the building as it is and demolition and removal, that is, integration aims to achieve a balance. Most of the historical buildings in Iraqi cities, including the Khans, suffer from the absence of a clear vision of the factors of urban integration in the levels and dimensions of the relationship between the historical building and its urban surroundings. The research assumes that the approach to the integration process depends on the determinants of the historical value of the building and its urban surroundings. The research aims to determine the approach for Khan of Alexandria according to the determinants of its historical value and the type of integration. The research relied on the analysis of previous studies to build a theoretical framework for the concept of urban integration according to the determinants of historical value, the visual and functional characteristics of the buildings and the surrounding spaces were analyzed, and the questionnaire was designed according to the extracted indicators. . The theoretical framework Showed that urban integration depends on valuable indicators such as the availability of architectural symbols and connotations, availability of aesthetic characteristics, availability of current function, integrity of origin, originality of materials, etc. These indicators were applied according to a questionnaire system for architectural and conservation experts and another model for indicators for users of the urban area in Al Khan. The applied results of the study area showed that the integration of the Khan requires integration into its urban environment in addition to the integration of the building itself, as the Khan needs functional integration due to the lack of economic value of the Khan, and the urban environment needs spatial integration (visual and functional) due to the loss of most historical values and functions that would reintegrate the Khan with its urban surroundings and not harm its historical value.
In Situ Verification of Tendons of First Segmental Post-Tensioned Road Bridges
Authors: Kralovanec Jakub , Moravcik Martin , Zahuranec Michal , Bahleda Frantisek 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Prestressed concrete bridges represent a massive part of our infrastructure. The state of the prestressing is crucial for the load-bearing capacity and remaining service life of these structures. Harmful factors, for instance, corrosion negatively affect the prestressing steel and consequently the level of prestressing. The risk of corrosion is higher if the ducts are not injected (or partially injected) by cement grout. Therefore, the detection of the state of the prestressing steel is an important part of the diagnostic survey which should be performed on existing prestressed concrete structures. This paper describes the outcomes of a diagnostic survey performed on four segmental post-tensioned road bridges built in the 1970s. Specifically, one single-span bridge, one three-span bridge, and two two-span bridges are pivotal objects of this study. These bridges’ prestressing has been assessed and the outcomes have been evaluated with final recommendations for the administrator. To sum up, the prestressing of assessed bridges was in relatively good condition with none or only local corrosion. Consequently, the overall prestressing level should not be hugely affected, but certain actions from the administrator are required to repair detected failures and extend service life.
The Effect of Solar Panels and Vegetation Strategy on the Sustainability of Open Spaces
Authors: Kareem Hajer Kamel , Mohammed Younis Mahmoud 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cities need to take serious steps to improve the living conditions of their citizens and their surrounding environment as the population of urban centers grows. Parking spaces have a clear potential to contribute to city sustainability. The research problem is that there is high energy consumption by residential buildings for multiple purposes and a significant increase in outdoor temperatures. Photovoltaic panels are a popular classification of sustainable rooftops adopted by cities around the world. This study aims to evaluate the impact of photovoltaic panels and trees in achieving sustainable development goals and combating climate change. In order to mitigate energy consumption and environmental issues related to fossil fuels and provide thermal comfort. The hypothesis of the research is that the use of renewable energy sources such as solar panels, in addition to vegetation can provide thermal comfort in addition to energy savings. The pilot study was conducted in residential complex in Iraq, Baghdad. Two different strategies and four separate scenarios were created using vegetation and photovoltaic panels. Envi-met 5.5.0 software was used to analyse and evaluate thermal comfort factors (PET, SVF) and simulated using ENVI-MET software on a summer day in July 2023. The results of the scenarios were then compared in terms of their impact on human thermal comfort. The results revealed a decrease in (PET) by (8.32) degrees Celsius, which achieved international standards for outdoor pedestrian comfort. As well as shading areas less exposed to sunlight with trees, in addition to providing shade to protect cars from weather factors, and finally providing electricity to homes.
Predictive Modeling the Turbidity Response in Al-Saray Water Distribution Network in Najaf Governorate/Middle of Iraq, Using PODDS Model
Authors: Abed Zahraa H. , Jasem Hayder M. , Mohammed Hayder S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Reducing water turbidity is one of the main issues the water industry is currently experiencing. The ability to predict the spatial probability and intensity of discoloration events in distribution systems can lead to the adoption and improvement of proactive operation and maintenance strategies to reduce turbidity. The main objective of this study is to forecast Using the Prediction of Discoloration in Distribution Systems (PODDS model), simulate the turbidity response in the Al-Saray water distribution network caused by higher flow rates and a change in the daily demand pattern for water consumption. The work covered AL -Saray water distribution network. with took into account the two feed flowrate (FFR) values of the AL-Saray water network, which were (522 and 5870) m3/day. The turbidity response was observed to be low when daily flows were supplied to the network, but it increased as the flow increased. The maximum turbidity response was observed when water was fed into the Al-Saray water network at a flowrate of 5780 m3/day. the material layers are conditioned to daily flow, or shear stress. However, when the flow increases due to an increased demand for water, the fluid’s shear stress exceeds the material layers’ shear strength, which leads to the material becoming mobilized.
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease in Clinical Case Studies in Dogs
Authors: Szabóová Renáta , Bajczer Csilla 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a degenerative disorder of the femoral head bone with a genetic basis which generally occurs in predisposed small dog breeds (up to 12 kg) at a young age (4–10 months). The aim of this study was to present an overview of this disease, the most common clinical symptoms and to describe methods of diagnosis and therapy of LCPD in dogs. This involved a follow-up of patients, dogs (n = 43; 20 males and 23 females) brought to the veterinary clinic in Hungary with suspicion of LCPD, where they were subjected to clinical, orthopaedic and radiographic examination and then to the most suitable conservative or surgical treatment. The most characteristic clinical symptom – lameness ‒ expressed by lameness grade (from 1 to 5), was monitored in all patients, especially those with grade 4 (n = 26). Additional clinical symptoms, such as response to manipulation (n = 42), pain on palpation (n = 33), weight-bearing (n = 2), muscle atrophy (n = 17) and crepitation (n = 24), were checked in the dogs. The prevalence of the unilateral form of LCPD in the pelvic limbs was observed in 38 patients (88.37 %) and the bilateral LCPD form appeared in 5 patients (11.63 %). Based on the Ljunggren’s score the degree of hip joint damage was observed in most LCPD patients with score 4 (n = 22; 51.10 %). Following the diagnosis, it was necessary to decide on the therapy, conservative or surgical (ostectomy), with elimination of painful symptoms and subsequent long-term postoperative rehabilitation as well as the improvement of the patient’s health status.
The Effectiveness of the Implementation of Inclusive Education in Mainstream Schools: A South African Perspective
Authors: Malahlela Moyagabo Kate , Sadiki Marubini Christinah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The onset of the South African democratic government in 1994 brought remarkable changes in the entire education due to the introduction of an inclusive education system. This study argues that although the implementation of inclusive education is currently mandatory, the world over its effectiveness in South Africa is not yet established. The study aimed to explore teachers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of implementing inclusive education in their mainstream schools. The study used a phenomenological qualitative research design. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. Ten (10) teachers from five (5) mainstream secondary schools were purposively selected based on their years of teaching experience, knowledge about inclusive education, and relevant qualifications. The data gathered through interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The analysed data came up with three themes: 1) Inclusive education policy implementation, 2) Inclusive teaching and learning strategies, and 3) Intervention by the Department of Education. Findings point to teachers’ lack of self-efficacy, inadequate support from district-based support teams, and challenges in supporting learners with disabilities. The study recommends in-service training and ongoing professional development for all mainstream teachers, provision of adequate resources, equipment, and assistive devices for learners with disabilities, and inclusive education policy implementation. This study contributes to knowledge of the challenges faced by teachers in their attempts to implement inclusive education and to support learners with and without disabilities in mainstream schools.
The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Educators’ Wellbeing and Pedagogical Practices
Authors: Ratican Crystal 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The shift from traditional, in-person instruction to online education during the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to understand its impact on teachers’ mental health and the new skills required for successful online and blended learning in a post-pandemic world. As schools resumed on-campus learning, the challenge now lies in preserving the valuable insights gained during the rapid transition to online teaching. This article presents findings from a study that involved interviews with 187 teachers across 14 school districts in northeast Ohio, conducted over two years during the pandemic. A thematic analysis was used to explore teachers’ experiences and feedback. Despite the disruptions, several key lessons emerged. Teachers adapted by utilizing a variety of digital tools to ensure continued content delivery and foster student engagement. They enhanced their skills in course design and assessment while also developing a greater understanding of their students' unique circumstances.
Managing the Curriculum in Small Schools and Multi-Grade Classrooms
Authors: Mampane Tebogo Jillian , Carrim Ayesha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The research examines the teaching challenges faced by rural, small multi-grade schools, which include logistical obstacles, insufficient resources, and a variety of learner requirements. Curriculum management in small multi-grade classrooms is the subject of this literature review research methodology paper. In these situations, educators are confronted with the necessity of developing novel educational approaches to address diverse learner requirements and resource constraints. The literature reviewed emphasizes the importance of curriculum management in ensuring the efficacy of teaching and the success of learners. The research endeavours to identify community support and participation in ensuring professional development methods in multi-grade schools. The literature results indicated that effective curriculum management enhances small and multi-grade education, as well as presents unique challenges and opportunities for educators. To optimise curriculum delivery in multi-grade classes, it is necessary to implement effective strategies and methodologies. Rural multi-grade classrooms can succeed with appropriate teaching practices and teacher professional development. The study concentrated on prior research on small multi-grade institutions. Curriculum management necessitates community support, differentiated instruction, and flexible planning. Schools may benefit from engagement with their communities and the adaptation of multi-grade teaching practices to meet local needs through the research initiative. The Ecological Systems Theory was employed as a prism to emphasise the numerous influences on multi-grade teaching and suggests that policymakers and educational leaders allocate professional development, curriculum adaptation, and collaborative planning time for small schools. Educator collaboration, resource funding, and specialised training programs for multi-grade teachers are all recommended. The research indicates that institutional reforms are necessary to guarantee that all learners have access to quality education, irrespective of their location, and to enhance the sustainability and success of rural and multi-grade education.
Late mental sequelae in post-COVID-19 individuals
Authors: Krasowska Sylwia , Samardakiewicz Marzena , Kurzepa Jacek 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate the long-term psychological effects in patients who had experienced COVID-19 and those who underwent quarantine. Differences in metacognitive beliefs and overall mental health were analyzed to assess their impact on the emergence of psychological distress.

Material and methods. The study involved 122 participants, including post-COVID-19 patients and individuals who had been quarantined. To assess mental health, the Metacognitive Questionnaire (MCQ) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used, providing data on metacognitive beliefs and overall mental health.

Results. Post-COVID-19 patients more frequently reported positive beliefs about worrying (MCQ1), while quarantined individuals scored higher in cognitive self-awareness (MCQ5) and negative beliefs about lack of control over thoughts (MCQ4). Both groups exhibited similar levels of general psychological distress, suggesting that the pandemic had a widespread impact on mental health, regardless of direct contact with the disease.

Conclusions. Both post-COVID-19 patients and quarantined individuals require psychological support to counteract the negative mental effects of the pandemic. Therapeutic interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness techniques, can help manage stress and rumination.
Do current indices predict cardioversion success in patients with atrial fibrillation? A retrospective observational study
Authors: Tatar Sefa , Yavuz Yunus Emre , Feyzullahoglu Emirhan , Sertdemir Ahmet Lütfi , Icli Abdullah , Akilli Hakan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the leading arrhythmias that causes serious complications. Our aim is to investigate the factors predicting the success of cardioversion in patients who underwent the procedure due to AF.

Methods
A total of 107 patients who underwent cardioversion were included in the study. Patients were divided into groups based on cardioversion success. Demographic, echocardiographic, and laboratory characteristics were compared between the groups.

Results
Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were more frequent in patients with successful cardioversion, but no statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p > 0.05). The pre-procedure leukoglycemic index (LGI) was found to be higher in the successful cardioversion group. However, this difference was not statistically significant between the groups (p > 0.05). Although the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were numerically higher in the group with unsuccessful cardioversion, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups (p > 0.05). Echocardiographic parameters such as left atrial diameter and mitral regurgitation rate were higher in patients with successful cardioversion, but no significant difference was detected between the groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
AF is a significant arrhythmia that may lead to high mortality and morbidity. Various scoring systems have been developed to predict cardioversion success. The LGI, FIB-4 index, and SII are potential predictors of cardioversion success. However, these parameters alone are insufficient to predict cardioversion success. Further large-scale randomized studies are needed to clarify the effectiveness of these parameters.
Environmental Impacts of Electricity Transmission Lines in the Southeast Region of Brazil
Authors: Pereira Gabrielle da Silva , Silva Bruna da , Almeida Angela Alves de , Freitas Fábio Cardoso de , Almeida Fábio Souto de 
Published: December 2024

Objective: The study aimed avaliation the environmental impacts caused by electricity transmission lines in the Southeast region and the mitigating measures for such impacts.

Theoretical Framework: It is necessary to distribute electricity throughout the country's regions, aiming to provide the entire population with access to electricity. The Southeast region of Brazil has a high demand for electricity, and it is necessary to have a large electricity transmission network. However, the implementation of electricity transmission lines can cause significant changes to the environment.

Method: Environmental impacts were obtained in the planning, implementation and operation phases of the electricity transmission lines, based on six Environmental Impact Reports and two Environmental Impact Studies of the Southeast region. Measures to mitigate the impacts of these studies and reports were also studied.

Results and Discussion: Six, 53 and 40 environmental impacts were identified, respectively, for the planning, implementation and operation of electricity transmission lines. Most of the impacts were categorized as negative, with 16 impacts classified as high magnitude. Several actions were recommended to mitigate the impacts, which should be properly implemented and monitored. Important positive impacts are provided by electricity transmission lines for the socioeconomic environment.

Research Implications: Environmental changes caused by electricity transmission lines are listed, and their causes and implications are discussed.

Originality/Value: This study promotes knowledge gains on the subject, providing the basis for reducing the damage caused to the environment by electricity transmission lines.