bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proximalized Total Arch Replacement Can Be Safely Performed by Trainee
Authors: Nakanishi Sentaro , Wakabayashi Naohiro , Ise Hayato , Kitahara Hiroto , Hirofuji Aina , Ishikawa Natsuya , Kamiya Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to validate safety of total arch replacement (TAR) using a novel frozen elephant trunk device, operated by trainees as surgical education.
Methods Sixty-four patients including 19 patients (29.6%) with acute aortic dissection type A (AADA) underwent TAR in our institute between April 2014 and March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-nine patients were operated by trainees (group T) and 35 patients were operated by attending surgeons (group A).
Results Patient characteristics did not differ between groups. Operative time (409.4 ± 87.8 vs. 468.6 ± 129.6 minutes, p = 0.034), cardiopulmonary bypass time (177.7 ± 50.4 vs. 222.9 ± 596.7 minutes, p = 0.019), and hypothermic circulatory arrest time (39.5 ± 13.4 vs. 54.5 ± 18.5 minutes, p = 0.001) were significantly shorter in group A than in group T, but aortic clamping time did not differ between groups (115.3 ± 55.7 vs. 114.2 ± 35.0 minutes, p = 0.924) because the rate of concomitant surgery was higher in group A (37.1 vs. 10.3%, p = 0.014). Thirty-day mortality was 3.1% in the entire cohort. Although operation time was longer in group T, there were no significant difference in postoperative results between the groups, and the experience levels of the main operator were not independent predictors for in-hospital mortality + major postoperative complications. There was no difference in late death and aortic events between groups.
Conclusions The present study demonstrated that TAR can be safely performed by trainees, and suggests TAR as a possible and safe educational operation.
Contrasting effects of climate change on seasonal survival of a hibernating mammal
Authors: Cordes Line S. , Blumstein Daniel T. , Armitage Kenneth B. , CaraDonna Paul J. , Childs Dylan Z. , Gerber Brian D. , Martin Julien G. A. , Oli Madan K. , Ozgul Arpat 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Climate change is altering the seasonal environmental conditions to which animals have adapted, but the outcome may differ between seasons for a particular species. Demographic responses therefore need disentangling on a seasonal basis to make accurate forecasts. Our study shows that climate change is causing seasonally divergent demographic responses in a hibernating mammal. Continued climate change will likely have a positive effect on summer survival but a negative effect on winter survival. This potentially has wide-ranging consequences across other species occupying temperate to more extreme arctic and alpine habitats, which are also where the most rapid changes in climate are observed.
Label-free optical detection of bioelectric potentials using electrochromic thin films
Authors: Alfonso Felix S. , Zhou Yuecheng , Liu Erica , McGuire Allister F. , Yang Yang , Kantarci Husniye , Li Dong , Copenhaver Eric , Zuchero J. Bradley , Müller Holger , Cui Bianxiao 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Optical recording is highly desirable to detect bioelectric activities, as it can flexibly record a variety of user-selected locations. Here, we present ECORE, a label-free optical recording method that uses different principles than fluorescence-based voltage recording and offers independent advantages. ECORE utilizes voltage-dependent absorption of an electrochromic thin film and thus is not affected by photobleaching. ECORE offers spatial flexible and long-term optical recording without genetic or molecular perturbation.
Selective amplification of ipRGC signals accounts for interictal photophobia in migraine
Authors: McAdams Harrison , Kaiser Eric A. , Igdalova Aleksandra , Haggerty Edda B. , Cucchiara Brett , Brainard David H. , Aguirre Geoffrey K. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
The melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) may contribute to photophobia in migraine. We measured visual discomfort and pupil responses to cone and melanopsin stimulation—the photoreceptor inputs to the ipRGCs—in people with and without migraine. We find that people with migraine do not differ from those without headaches in how cone and melanopsin signals are weighted and combined to produce visual discomfort. Instead, migraine is associated with amplification of ipRGC signals for discomfort. This effect of migraine upon ipRGC signals is limited to photophobia, as we did not find an enhancement of pupil responses or a change in other behaviors linked to ipRGC function. Our findings suggest a postretinal amplification of ipRGC signals for photophobia in migraine.
Coordinate transformation and its uncertainty under consideration of a non-orthogonal coordinate base
Authors: Fern Florian , Füßl Roland , Eichfelder Gabriele , Manske Eberhard , Kühnel Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machines are 3D coordinate measuring systems with nanometer precision at measurement volumes in the cubic centimeter range whose coordinate base is formed by an interferometer system with a common mirror corner. This mirror corner shows a typical deviation from the orthogonal coordinate base of up to 17 µrad with an uncertainty of 0.07 µrad. After a brief description of nanomeasuring and nanopositioning machines, a transformation model from the skewed coordinate system into the orthogonal coordinate system is determined. Starting from this complete transformation model, the result of model simplifications on the transformation behaviour is analysed and discussed. A GUM-based uncertainty calculation shows that the linearised coordinate transformation does not increase the error and the uncertainty significantly.
Unexpected crossovers in correlated random-diffusivity processes
Authors: Wang Wei , Seno Flavio , Sokolov Igor M , Chechkin Aleksei V , Metzler Ralf 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The passive and active motion of micron-sized tracer particles in crowded liquids and inside living biological cells is ubiquitously characterised by ‘viscoelastic’ anomalous diffusion, in which the increments of the motion feature long-ranged negative and positive correlations. While viscoelastic anomalous diffusion is typically modelled by a Gaussian process with correlated increments, so-called fractional Gaussian noise, an increasing number of systems are reported, in which viscoelastic anomalous diffusion is paired with non-Gaussian displacement distributions. Following recent advances in Brownian yet non-Gaussian diffusion we here introduce and discuss several possible versions of random-diffusivity models with long-ranged correlations. While all these models show a crossover from non-Gaussian to Gaussian distributions beyond some correlation time, their mean squared displacements exhibit strikingly different behaviours: depending on the model crossovers from anomalous to normal diffusion are observed, as well as a priori unexpected dependencies of the effective diffusion coefficient on the correlation exponent. Our observations of the non-universality of random-diffusivity viscoelastic anomalous diffusion are important for the analysis of experiments and a better understanding of the physical origins of ‘viscoelastic yet non-Gaussian’ diffusion.
Test on the linear induction launcher with a new type of 3-phase helical coil
Authors: ShWang H , Chen Sh Zh , Li X , Liu J H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Different from the classical coaxial coils, a new type of asynchronous linear motor with helical 3-phase helical coil been brought forward in this paper. It has simple structures and produces peculiar travelling magnetic waves along the axis, which lead to the metal projectile is subjected invariable axial driving forces and rotary torques at the same time. It has a very useful property of this kind of winding, which is applied as a linear asynchronous launcher’s primary section. The high speed rotating projectile has stable flying attitude in moving direction because of the gyroscopic effect. The basic electromagnetic problems of the motor were discussed in this paper. An experimental model was build and tested to verify the principle results mentioned above at last.
Research on a multi-attribute comprehensive evaluation system for unmanned ground vehicles
Authors: Ding Yugang , Zhou Kedong , He Lei , Huang Xueying , Zhang Junbin , Wang Xikuo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To promote the development of unmanned ground vehicles, it is very necessary to establish a scientific and reasonable evaluation system for unmanned ground vehicles. This paper analyses the structure and operation of unmanned ground vehicles, and also proposes a multi-attribute comprehensive evaluation system for unmanned ground vehicles. Based on six aspects including environment perception, communication command, behavioural decision-making, human-computer interaction, weapon system and mobile platform, a new evaluation indicator system is established. In the quantitative process of qualitative indicators, Z-number theory is introduced to better describe the uncertainty degree of judgment and reasoning in human’s understanding of complex things. In order to make the indicator weights more scientific, the combined weighting model with analytic hierarchy process and information entropy is adopted for weight analysis, which not only takes into account the influence of evaluation experts on weights, but also reduces the subjective arbitrariness of weights. The least-squares grey relational analysis method is used to analyse the correlation between the comparison series and the reference series, and a comprehensive quantitative evaluation result of the unmanned ground vehicles is obtained. The evaluation examples of unmanned ground vehicles show that the proposed evaluation system can quantitatively evaluate the overall technical performance of unmanned ground vehicles. This evaluation system has high reference value for the evaluation of other complex weapons.
Influence of Taylor waves on standing windows of oblique detonation wave
Authors: Cui H , Gui M Y , Zhang L Y , Zhang H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An oblique detonation wave stabilized over a body has been studied due to the ongoing development of high-speed propulsion systems, such as oblique detonation wave engines and ram accelerators. Standing window of oblique detonation wave reflects the degree of standing difficulty. Firstly, Shock relations coupled with chemical equilibrium are solved to draw detonation polar diagrams between oblique detonation angle and wedge angle by iterative algorithm. In these diagrams, the wedge angle detaching from the wedge nose is referred as the maximum wedge angle θιηॉκ and forming CJ detonation in the direction normal to the oblique detonation wave is referred as the minimum wedge angle θख़τ. The region between the two wedge angles is regarded as the standing windows. G. Emanuel holds that Taylor waves follow the oblique detonation wave as the wedge angle is smaller than θख़τ. Based on reactive Euler equation, wedge-induced oblique detonation is simulated in this paper. For the case of the wedge angle below θख़τ, Taylor waves change post-detonation wave flow field to maintain standing oblique detonation wave. Therefore, the standing window becomes wider.
The new generation of air ammunition base on distribution and synergy technology
Authors: Guo J M , Shan Y Zh , Hu L F , Ma X D , Wang X G , Zhou Z H , Zhao H Y 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, the development of air ammunition was reviewed and the new technologies in weapons were summarized, the applications of distribution and synergy technology are proposed in air ammunition. Two representative types of operation were developed to use in battlefield, and the influences of weapons development in the future was analyzed.
Damage and fracture of gun barrel under wear-fatigue interaction
Authors: Wu B , Zheng J , Luo T F , Wang T , Zhou Y C , Huang X 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Gun, projectile and propellant are three fundamental components of a launching system. Generally, a barrel has to be condemned after a number of rounds have been fired. During the total useful life of gun barrel, it bears severe damage induced from erosion by high pressure and high temperature propellant combustion gas, and wear due to high speed friction between projectile and gun bore. Meanwhile, the gun barrel undergoes a dynamic loading of gas pressure, mechanical stress and thermal stress when firing a round. Thousands of firing cycles lead to gun barrel fatigue. Interaction of wear, including erosion, and fatigue damages the gun barrel and eventually the gun will become inaccurate because of wearing away gun bore materials. However, a gun barrel will fracture in a sudden manner because of fatigue. It is found that microcracks form on the bore surface after only a few rounds have been fired, which lays the foundation for growth and propagation of cracks under fatigue loading. In this paper, laboratory hydraulic fatigue tests were carried out on a tube with pre-machined crack on its inner surface by using an MTS 809. Strain gauges were adhered to the outer surface of the tube to monitor strain during testing process. The hydraulic oil pressure was measured by a pressure sensor. The experimental results show that there are three stages of outer surface strain variation, namely stable increase, fast increase and abrupt increase, which corresponds to the history of crack evolution. Crack grew stably in the initial stage under cycle of loading and a major crack is gradually formed. When the major crack size reaches a certain value, the propagation velocity of crack is accelerated fast and the critical size is reached in a short time. Eventually the tube fractured suddenly. The experimental findings will help us to gain new insight into the physical mechanism of fatigue and fracture of gun barrel and provide a possible method to evaluate health of gun barrel in service.
Application of graded-index thin film in laser attack and defense equipment
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Chen Jianhua , Zhang Baoyu , Wang Guiyuan , Zhou Qibiao , Hu Huajun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Laser as a weapon used in contemporary warfare has been very common. As an important part of laser weapons, thin film plays an important role in laser attack and defense equipment. The manufacturing technology of graded-index thin film has always been a focus in the field of military science and technology and one of the key technologies to promote the development of laser weapons. This paper summarizes the present domestic situation of the graded-index thin film coating, and specifically introduces the application of graded-index thin film in laser equipment.
New insights into the reactionary zones excited-state programming by plasma-acoustic coupling mechanism for the next-generation small satellite solid propulsion systems
Authors: Lukin Alexander 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Small satellites are changing the game for deep space missions because can work together in a fleet to take on more complex missions. Smart control by excited-state of the reactionary zones is one of the keys to access to the properties of the solid propellants reactionary zones. In particular, the self-organized wave patterns excitation occurs at excited-state of the reactionary zones. Use of the plasma-acoustic coupling mechanism is one of the advanced ways to access to the properties of the reactionary zones: the scale and localization of the induction and energy-releasing areas. On the base of detailed analysis we suggest the new concept for the reactionary zones programming by the plasma arc force field emitter with application of the self-organized wave patterns excitation phenomenon. The innovative aspect of this concept is the plasma-acoustic coupling mechanism that transforms the input electrical energy into the directed acoustic energy. Suggested concept for manipulating by self-organized wave patterns in the reactionary zones with using of the plasma arc force field emitters and new generation of the electrically activated solid propellants is opening the door for completely new ways for producing extremely small thrust impulses for the extra-precise attitude control of the small satellites.
A novel energetic composite with a special sandwich microstructure: RDX/expanded graphite intercalation composite
Authors: Ma X L , Chen Sh S , Chen K , Li L J , Zhao J J , Yang X B , Shang F Q , Lv X J , Shu Q H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the RDX/expanded graphite (EG) intercalation composites were prepared by solvent/anti-solvent process to recrystallize RDX crystals into the holes, gaps and grooves of EG with controllable embedding ratio (maximum 87.0 wt%) and crystal size. RDX in the composites was in the most stableα-phase, which was benefit for its further application in the military industry. The stability and sensitivity of RDX were improved with higher melting and thermolysis temperature, activation enthalpy (ΔH
≠), critical temperature of thermal explosion (T
b) and lower mechanical sensitivity. The advanced half-coated parallel multi-sandwiches microstructure of RDX/EG intercalation composites possessed two effects: (i) high heat conduction and (ii) hot spots isolation of the carbon microstructure, which were the key to higher performance.
Development of the analytic relations for the propellant grain geometrical characteristics required for a maximum pressure plateau feature
Authors: Rotariu A N , Bucur E , Cirmaci-Matei M V , Matache L C , Trana E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
By using the fundamental interior ballistics relations, developed based on some simplification hypothesis, there was deduced a formula for the geometrical characteristics that allow the occurrence of a constant pressure plateau in a gun when a charge composed by a single type of undeterred propellant grain is used. The equation incorporates various factors as propellant ballistics properties, the gun/projectile/propellant gabaritical data and the targeted maximum pressure value. Nevertheless, the calculus done on a realistic set of data indicates the impossibility to reach a constant pressure plateau when a propellant characterised by a single set of geometrical characteristics over the entire web thickness is use.
Modelling and experiments of enclosure solid-propellant fires
Authors: Mense M , Pizzo Y , Lallemand C , Sardoy N , Porterie T , Pouschat P , Porterie B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In order to simulate an accidental propellant fire, blocks of aluminized solid rocket propellant, with mass in the range of 2-11 kg, were burned in a full-scale enclosure representative of an ammunition storage room onboard naval vessel. Wall heat flux and temperature, as well as gas pressure and temperature were measured to provide information regarding fire behaviour and thermal response of the structure. Burn characteristics of the propellant block, including shape and geometry, were deduced from visible and infrared images. The role of confinement, interior wall insulation or water spray on fire consequences was also investigated. Simulation results from a global model were compared to some experimental data. Agreement and discrepancies were identified.
Effects of binder on molding properties of HATO-based explosives
Authors: Yao L N , Han Zh X , Wang C L , Zhao Sh X , Dai Zh X 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The safety performance of HATO explosives coated by Fluororubber and energetic thermoplastic elastomer ETPE were discussed, and it was analyzed that the influence of pressure and temperature on the moldability of HATO-based explosives with different binders. The results showed: the mechanical sensitivity of HATO explosives coated by binder were low, which improved the safety of HATO explosives to a certain extent; Pressure and temperature have a greater impact on the mold-ability of HATO-based mixed explosives containing Fluororubber or ETPE binder, and the mold-ability of HATO-based mixed explosives containing ETPE binder is better, which relative density can reach more than 98% at room temperature.
The analysis of the equivalent bare charge of aluminum cased charge exploding in confined space
Authors: Zhou Hu , Kong Xiangshao , Zheng Cheng , Wu Weiguo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The blast loadings from a cased charge, which include a cluster of fragments and shock waves, would cause severe damage to the structures, especially in the scenario of a confined space. In this paper, experiments of the dynamic response of steel plates subjected to the confined blast loading from a cased charge were performed, in which two set warhead models of aluminum cased TNT charge were employed. By using the explicit dynamic code AUTODYN and the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) method, the rapture process of the aluminum shell was reproduced and the equivalent bare charge was determined by analyzing the results from numerical simulations. In addition, the dynamic response of steel plates subjected to confined blast loadings from cased charges were calculated numerically. Then, the method for calculating the equivalent bare charge that related to the deflection of blast loaded plates was proposed. In addition, this method was further used to determine the approximate mass of TNT charge that contributing to the blast loading of shock wave and subsequent quasi-static pressure in the confined space, in which the energy released by the burning of the detonation products and aluminum shell were taken into account. The present paper presented a reliable method to analyze the response of steel plates under confined blast loadings from a cased charge, which would be useful in the design of the protective structures.
Dynamic spherical cavity expansion analysis of concrete/rock based on Hoek-Brown criterion
Authors: Dong H , Wu H J , Li J Zh , Pi A G , Huang F L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cavity expansion theory has been widely applied to predict the penetration depth of projectiles into geological materials, in which the yield criterion and the constitutive model are combined to describe the shear and compaction of the material, separately. For a precise description of the material behaviors in plastic for geological materials with varied compressive strength, in this present manuscript, the Hoek-Brown yield criterion and the Dilatant-Kinematic equation were introduced into the plastic region. A response region called elastic-cracking-dilatant-compaction region for concrete and rock was established. Then the effects of various parameters, including brittleness coefficient, material integrity coefficient and dilatant coefficient, on the relationship between cavity pressure and normal expansion velocity were discussed. Finally, a penetration depth formula of rigid projectiles into semi-infinite concrete and rock targets was established. It showed that, compared with the classical Forrestal model, the proposed model had a well-being as well as higher accuracy prediction of the penetration depth of concrete and rock materials with various strengths.