bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hearing and vision care provided to older people residing in care homes: a cross-sectional survey of care home staff
Authors: Andrusjak Wendy , Barbosa Ana , Mountain Gail 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background:Hearing and vision loss in older people has been proven to affect physical and mental health and increase the speed of cognitive decline. Studies have demonstrated that certain practices and improved staff knowledge increase the effective care of residents’ ears and eyes, yet it is not known which practices are being implemented in care homes. This study aimed to identify the gaps in staff knowledge regarding hearing and vision difficulties in older residents, and which practices known to improve ear and eye care in older care home residents are not commonly implemented in care homes in England.Methods:This study used a cross-sectional survey design. Survey questions were informed by the existing literature and were focused on practices, staff knowledge, and other aspects that have shown to affect residents’ hearing and vision care. A convenience sample of care home staff were recruited from care homes across England between November 2018 and February 2019 via email and in paper format. Descriptive statistics and Chi-Square analysis were applied to identify the factors influencing the care being provided to care home residents.Results:A total of 400 care home staff responded from 74 care homes. The results revealed that less than half of staff respondents reported to use screening tools to identify hearing (46%) and vision impairments (43.8%); that care homes rarely have limited access to other assistive devices for hearing (16%) and vision loss (23.8%), and that audiology services do not regularly assess care home residents (46.8%). A majority of staff who responded were not confident in ear and eye care. Responses were found to be influenced by the respondents’ job role, length of time working in care homes and also the care home type and care home size. Findings confirmed a lack of standardised practice and the importance of shared communication for promulgation of best practice.Conclusion:This study has identified that some practices known to facilitate ear and eye care are not commonly applied in a sample of English care homes. It has also shown that care home staff knowledge of ear and eye care is inconsistent. The information derived from this survey can be used to inform guidelines for best practice and inform needs for future research.
Pathogenic Functions of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-associated Factor 6 Signaling following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Huang Huan , Xia Anqi , Sun Li , Lu Chun , Liu Ying , Zhu Zhenjie , Wang Siye , Cai Junyan , Zhou Xiaoyun , Liu Su 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Neuroinflammation contributes to delayed (secondary) neurodegeneration following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) signaling may promote post-TBI neuroinflammation, thereby exacerbating secondary injury. Methods: This study investigated the pathogenic functions of TRAF6 signaling following TBI in vivo and in vitro. A rat TBI model was established by air pressure contusion while lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure was used to induce inflammatory-like responses in cultured astrocytes. Model rats were examined for cell-specific expression of TRAF6, NF-κB, phosphorylated (p)-NF-kB, MAPKs (ERK, JNK, p38), p-MAPKs, chemokines (CCL2 and CXCL1), and chemokine receptors (CCR2 and CXCR2) by immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, western blotting, and ELISA, for apoptosis by TUNEL staining, and spatial cognition by Morris water maze testing. These measurements were compared between TBI model rats receiving intracerebral injections of TRAF6-targeted RNAi vector (AAV9-TRAF6-RNAi), empty vector, MAPK/NF-kB inhibitors, or vehicle. Primary astrocytes were stimulated with LPS following TRAF6 siRNA or control transfection, and NF-κB, MAPKs, chemokine, and chemokine receptor expression levels evaluated by western blotting and ELISA. Results: TRAF6 was expressed mainly in astrocytes and neurons of injured cortex, peaking 3 days post-TBI. Knockdown by AAV9-TRAF6-RNAi improved spatial learning and memory, decreased TUNEL-positive cell number in injured cortex, and downregulated expression levels of p-NF-κB, p-JNK, p-ERK, p-p38, CCL2, CCR2, CXCL1, and CXCR2 post-TBI. Inhibitors of NF-κB, ERK, JNK, and p38 significantly suppressed CCL2, CCR2, CXCL1, and CXCR2 expression following TBI. Furthermore, TRAF6-siRNA inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB, ERK, JNK, p38, CCL2, and CXCL1 upregulation in cultured astrocytes. Conclusions: Targeting TRAF6-MAPK/NF-κB-chemokine signaling pathways may provide a novel therapeutic approach for reducing post-TBI neuroinflammation and concomitant secondary injury.
Stakeholder Perspectives on the Effectiveness of the Victorian Salt Reduction Partnership
Authors: Rosewarne Emalie , Chislett Wai-Kwan , McKenzie Briar , Reimers Jenny , Jolly Kellie-Ann , Corben Kirstan , Trieu Kathy , Webster Jacqui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Interventions to reduce population salt intake are feasible and cost-effective. The Victorian Salt Reduction Partnership implemented a complex, multi-faceted salt reduction intervention between 2014 and 2020 in the Australian state of Victoria. This study aimed to understand stakeholder perspectives on the effectiveness of the Victorian Salt Reduction Partnership. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Partnership and food industry stakeholders. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was adapted for the Partnership intervention and used to guide the qualitative analysis.Results: Fourteen Partnership and seven food industry stakeholders were interviewed. The Partnership was viewed as essential for intervention planning and decision-making and an enabler for intervention delivery. The goals of capacity building and collaborative action were perceived to have been achieved. The implementation team executed intended intervention activities and outputs, with some adaptations to strategy. Barriers and enablers to implementation were identified by interviewees, such as compatibility of individual, organisational and Partnership values and building positive relationships between the Partnership and food industry, respectively. Legal, political, social, environmental, technological and economic factors affecting intervention design, delivery and outcomes were identified. Conclusions: Establishing a Partnership with diverse skills and experience facilitated collaborative action, capacity building and execution of the intervention. Monitoring and evaluating implementation informed strategy adaptations, which allowed optimisation of Partnership strategy. The importance of developing strong communication networks between strategic and implementation-levels was a key lesson.
Greater Adherence to Dietary Guidelines were Associated with Lower Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Wu Shang-Ling , Ye Yan-Bin , Peng Long-Yun , Chen Yu-Ming , Zeng Fang-Fang , Zhuo Shu-Yu , Li Yan-Bing , Lu Wei , Chen Pei-Yan , Mai Hai-Yan , Fang Shi , Sui Yi , Ruan Pei-Shan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background The evidence regarding the impact of the healthy eating index on the risk of cardiovascular events among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is limited. To examine the associations of adherence to the Chinese and American dietary guidelines and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Chinese individuals with T2D. Methods This 1:1 matched case-control study included 419 enrolled pairs hospital-based CVD cases and controls who were matched by age and sex, in Guangdong province, China, all of whom had T2D. A structured questionnaire and a 79-item food-frequency questionnaire was used to collect general information and dietary intake information. Diet quality scores were calculated according to the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) and the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Results After adjustment for various confounding factors, the higher diet quality scores on the CHEI and HEI-2015 showed a significant association with a lower risk of CVD. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) per 5-score increment were 0.88(0.83,0.92) in the CHEI and 0.80(0.74,0.88) in the HEI-2015, respectively. In stratified analyses, the protective associations remained significant in the subgroups of sex, smoking status, tea-drinking, hypertension state, dyslipidemia state, BMI, and T2D duration, but not among the drinkers in CHEI. Conclusion Greater adherence to the most recent Chinese or American dietary guidelines were associated with a lower risk of CVD incidents among Chinese patients with T2D.
Broad Range Detection of Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Children to Identify the Cause of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Wang Heping , Gu Jiali , Li Xiaonan , de Jongh Christa E. van der Gaast , Wang Wenjian , He Xuehui , Xu Zhi , Yang Yonghong , de Groot Ronald , de Jonge Marien I. , Zheng Yuejie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Knowledge on the etiology of LRTIs is essential for improvement of the clinical diagnosis and accurate treatment. Molecular detection methods were applied to identify a broad range of bacterial and viral pathogens in a large set of bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples. The patterns of detected pathogens were correlated to the clinical symptoms.METHODS: BAL fluid samples and clinical data were collected from 573 hospitalized children between 1 month and 14 years of age with LRTIs, enrolled from January to December 2018. Pathogens were detected using standardized clinical diagnostics, with a sensitive, high-throughput GeXP-based multiplex PCR and with multiplex qPCR. Data were analyzed to describe the correlation between the severity of respiratory tract disease and the pathogens identified.RESULTS: The pathogen detection rate with GeXP-based PCR and multiplex qPCR was significantly higher than by clinical routine diagnostics (76.09% VS 36.13%,χ2 = 8.191, P=0.004). The most frequently detected pathogens in the BAL fluid were human adenovirus (HADV)(21.82%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (20.24%), human rhinovirus (13.96%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (8.90%) and Haemophilus influenzae (8.90%). In 16.4 % of the cases co-infection with two or three different pathogens was found. Viral detection rates declined with age, while atypical pathogen detection rates increased with age. Oxygen supply in the HADV and Influenza H1N1 infected patients was more frequent (49.43%) than in patients infected with other pathogens.CONCLUSION: Broad range detection of viral and bacterial pathogens using molecular methods is a promising and implementable approach to improve clinical diagnosis and accurate treatment of LRTI in children.
Does Field Substitution Impact the Educational Profile of the Belgian Health Interview Survey Net Sample?
Authors: Demarest Stefaan , Berete Finaba , Baeyens Youri , Molenberghs Geert , Drieskens Sabine , Charafeddine Rana , Braekman Elise , Oyen Herman Van , Hal Guido Van 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Although controversial as a sampling technique, field substitution of non-respondents is applied in the Belgian Health Interview (BHIS) since its start in 1997. The target number of participants to obtain is predefined and set at 10,000 individuals. Based on data derived from the National Register, non-participating households are substituted by at most three households matched on statistical sector, age group of the households’ reference person (administrative contact of the household) and household size, thus creating a cluster. In this study, the impact of field substitution on the educational composition of the net sample is assessed. Methods The educational level of the household’ reference person derived from the Census 2001 and Census 2011, was used as a proxy for socio-economic position and was linked with respectively BHIS 2001 and BHIS 2013 paradata on the use of field substitution using a unique identifier. Given the high level of missing data on the educational level (+/-16%) in the Census, regression based multiple imputations (m=5) procedures were applied, presuming missingness at random. Response rates by educational level at any stage of the substitution process stage were calculated. Differences in response rates were assessed by applying the Delta method. Results At any stage of the substitution process, the participation rate was the lowest in the lowest educated households and significantly higher in the middle and highest educated households. Throughout the substitution process, the participation rate dropped from 51.6% to 42.7% for low educated households and from 61.7% to 46.3% for high educated households. Conclusions It is concluded that field substitution introduces higher levels of non-participation but does not affect the educational composition of the net sample.
Rosmarinic Acid Induces Proliferation Suppression of Hepatoma Cells Associated with NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: An Yanjun , Zhao Jiandong , Zhang Yourui , Wu Wen , Hu Jiangtao , Hao Haosen , Qiao Yu , Tao Ying , An Liping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural phenolic compound that acts as a Fyn inhibitor by 53 homology modeling of the human Fyn structure. Therefore, the apoptosis mechanism related to NF-κB signaling pathway induced by RA in HepG2 was investigated. Methods: The cell growth, apoptosis, and proliferation of HepG2 regulated by various concentrations of RA were studied. The proteins expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, PI3K, AKT, NF-κB, and apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3 were detected. Results: RA significantly reduced proliferation rates, inhibited migration and invasion, and decreased the expressions of invasion-related factors, such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. TUNEL staining revealed that RA resulted in a dose-dependent increase of HepG2 cell apoptosis. In line with this finding, the expression of apoptosis suppressor protein Bcl-2 was downregulated and that of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-3 was increased. In addition, we found that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway was involved in RA-mediated inhibition of HepG2 cell metastasis. Conclusion: Our study identified that RA as a drug candidate for the treatment of HCC.
Hyperglycemia but not Glycated Albumin, is Linked to Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Almeida Ana C , Silva Gabriela A , Santini Gabriele , Brízido Margarida , Correia Miguel , Coelho Constança , Borrego Luís Miguel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a neovascular disorder of the immature retina. Neonatal hyperglycemia is a common problem in extremely preterm infants. Several studies have also reported an association between hyperglycemia and ROPPurpose: Our goal was to determine the association between hyperglycemia, glycated albumin (GlyA) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Methods: Prospective study of all infants under ROP screening from March 2017 to July 2019. All demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected. Glucose was measured at birth and every 8h for the first week and serum GlyA was evaluated at birth, 1st, 2nd and 4th weeks after birth. Reference range for GlyA was obtained according to the CLSI EP28-A3C. Univariate logistic regression was used to examine risk factors for ROP followed by multivariate regression.Results: A total of 152 infants were included in the study. Median gestational age was 30 weeks and median birth weight 1,240g. Thirty-three infants (21,7%) had ROP. Hyperglycemia was present in 24 (72,7%) infants diagnosed with any ROP versus 6 (0,05%) in those without ROP. Median GlyA at birth, 1st, 2nd and 4th and respective reference ranges were 8.50% (6.00-12.65), 8.20% (5.32-11.67), 8.00% (5.32-10.00) and 7.90% (5.30-9-00) respectively. After multivariate logistic regression, hyperglycemia but not GlyA, remained a significant risk factor for ROP overpowering the other recognized risk factors (Exp (B)28.062, 95%CI for Exp(B) 7.881 - 99.924 p <0.001)Conclusions: In our cohort, hyperglycemia but not GlyA, remained a significant risk factor for ROP overpowering the other recognized risk factors.
Exploration of a Novel Biomarker in Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: li yiran , WANG KAI , wan xiaoping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, located on chromosome 5q21, is the chromatin-remodeling related gene and a typical tumor suppressor. As reported, patients with high expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or a high level of tumor mutational burden (TMB) may benefit from immunotherapy in endometrial cancer. The objective of this study was to demonstrated that APC as a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial cancer, by analyzing the correlation of APC with PD-L1 expression or TMB.MethodsWe performed an integrative analysis of a commercial panel including 520 cancer-related genes on 99 tumors from an endometrial cancer cohort in China and DNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify new gene mutations as endometrial cancer immunotherapy markers. To determine the effect of gene mutations on endometrial cancer, we explored the correlation between gene mutations and tumor immune microenvironment, and explored the immune microenvironment in endometrial cancer, including TMB, PD-L1 expression and lymphocytic infiltration. ResultsWe found that the significant mutant genes were related to the chromatin state and generated a discovery set including 12 mutated genes that significantly correlated with PD-L1 expression and TMB. We identiﬁed the APC gene, with 19% (18/99) mutation rate, as a new marker for immunotherapy. Further analysis revealed that tumors with the APC mutation had a high TMB, increased expression of PD-L1 and increased lymphocytic infiltration (all P <0.02). By assessing the relationship between immunotherapy biomarkers and APC, we verified that APC have inactive mutation in endometrial cancer, which may affect the immune response, including PD-L1 expression, microsatellite instability and lymphocytic infiltrate. Using TCGA data, we found that patients with the APC mutation had longer overall survival. ConclusionOur study demonstrates that APC could play an important role in enhancing the response to endometrial cancer treatment, particularly immunotherapy.
Determination of Wheat Spike and Spikelet Architecture and Grain Traits Using X-ray Computed Tomography Imaging
Authors: Zhou Hu , Whalley William R. , Hawkesford Malcolm J. , Riche Andrew B. , Atkinson Brian , Sturrock Craig J. , Mooney Sacha J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundWheat spike architecture is a key determinant of multiple grain yield components and detailed examination of spike morphometric traits is beneficial to explain wheat grain yield and the effects of differing agronomy and genetics. However, quantification of spike morphometric traits has been very limited because it relies on time-consuming manual measurements. ResultsIn this study, using X-ray Computed Tomography imaging, we proposed a method to automatically and efficiently detect the 3D architecture of wheat spikes and component spikelets by clustering grains based on their Euclidean distance and relative positions. Morphometric characteristics of wheat spikelets and grains, e.g. number, size and spatial distribution along the spike can be automatically determined. Two commercial wheat cultivars, one old, Maris Widgeon, and one modern, Siskin, were studied as examples. The average grain volume of Maris Widgeon and Siskin did not differ, but Siskin had more grains per spike and therefore greater total grain volume per spike. The spike length and spikelet number were not statistically different between the two cultivars. However, Siskin had a higher spikelet density (number of spikelets per unit spike length), with more grains and greater grain volume per spikelet than Maris Widgeon. Spatial distribution analysis revealed the number of grains, the average grain volume and the total grain volume of individual spikelets varied along the spike. Siskin had more grains and greater grain volumes per spikelet from spikelet 6, but not spikelet 1-5, compared with Maris Widgeon. The distribution of average grain volume along the spike was similar for the two wheat cultivars. ConclusionThe proposed method can automatically and efficiently extract spike, spikelet and grain morphometric traits of different wheat cultivars, which can contribute to a more detailed understanding of the sink of wheat grain yield.
Debulking Surgery for Functional Pleural Dissemination of Parathyroid Carcinoma-case Report
Authors: Kawagishi Sachi , Funaki Soichiro , Ose Naoko , Kimura Kenji , Mukai Kosuke , Otsuki Michio , Shintani Yasushi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundA rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a parathyroid carcinoma. Hypercalcemia with an elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) level seen in recurrent and metastasis disease cases is often refractory to medical therapy, thus surgical resection is recommended when possible. We performed debulking surgery for pleural dissemination of parathyroid cancer for improvement of symptoms in a patient with hypercalcemia.Case presentationA 30-year-old male with hypercalcemia was diagnosed with parathyroid cancer. Following surgery, intact PTH level elevation and hypercalcemia progression due to recurrent disease were noted. An active status of functional left pleural dissemination was revealed in 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy results, but not in the area of pulmonary metastasis, and debulking surgery was performed. Thereafter, the PTH level was decreased temporarily and activities of daily living improved. ConclusionAggressive resection of metastatic disease in patients with a parathyroid carcinoma is taken into consideration to control hypercalcemia.
Continuously Energy Consumption Measure Approach Using a DMA Double-Buffering Technique
Authors: Hernández Daniel Vaquerizo , Munoz Pablo , Barrero David Fernandez , R-Moreno Maria Dolores 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Measuring the consumption of electronic devices is a difficult and sensitive task. Data AcQuisition (DAQ) systems are often used to determine such consumption. In theory, measuring energy consumption is straightforward, just by acquiring current and voltage signals we can determine the consumption. However, a number of issues arise when a ne analysis is required. The main problem is that sampling frequencies have to be high enough to detect variations in the assessed signals over time. In that regard, some popular DAQ systems are based on RISC ARM processors for microcontrollers combined with Analog-Digital Converters (ADC) to meet the frequency acquisition requirements. The efficient use of the Direct Memory Access (DMA) modules combined with pipelined processing in the microcontroller allows to improve the sample rate overcoming the processing time and the internal communication protocol limitations. This paper presents a novel approach for high frequency energy measurement composed of a DMA rate improvement (data acquisition logic), a data processing logic and a low-cost hardware. The contribution of the paper is the combination of a double buffered signal acquisition mechanism and an algorithm that computes the device's energy consumption using parallel data processing. The combination of these elements enables a high-frequency (continuous) energy consumption measurement of an electronic device, improving the accuracy and reducing the cost of existing systems. We have validated our approach by measuring the energy consumed by basic circuits and Wireless Sensors Networks (WSNs) motes. The results indicate that the energy measurement error is less than 5%, and that the proposed method is suitable to measure WSN motes even during sleep cycles, enabling a better characterization of their consumption prole.