bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource cell for juvenile justice: challenges of motivation of social workers
Authors: Ajgaonkar Mihir , D’Souza Keith , Mukundan K. P. Asha 
Published: April 2020

Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes are as follows: understanding issues involved in the employee motivation, particularly those engaged in social change and development in emerging economies; develop insights into how to motivate team members by drawing on relevant theories of motivation; and orient students towards the application of these theories in the organization.

Case overview/synopsis
Resource cell for juvenile justice (RCJJ) was initiated as a field action project at the centre for criminology and justice, Tata Institute of Social Sciences with the objective of working on issues of children with a special focus on juveniles in conflict with law (JCL). RCJJ aimed at highlighting the socio-legal issues of juvenile children who were in conflict of law providing aid to these children and their families, and working towards their eventual social reintegration. RCJJ also trained stakeholders in the juvenile justice system and facilitated rehabilitation and social integration of JCLs as directed by the juvenile justice boards (JJBs). RCJJ had teams at six places within India. These teams worked with various government institutions, parents and JCLs to eventually effect change in the conditions of JCLs. The social workers engaged by RCJJ had a challenging task of facilitating social integration of the children, in coordination with the police, JJBs, families and lawyers. They had to actively manage help desks at the judicial observation homes where JCLs were housed. The social workers were under great stress because of antagonism from lawyers and police. The JJBs were prejudiced against them for being “outside watchdogs”. This resulted in high demotivation and attrition among employees. Jyoti Mhatre, project manager, interviewed past and present field workers to gauge the extent and reasons for demotivation. This intervention highlighted the positive and negative aspects of the organizational culture and the stress points that were causing demotivation. The situation was alarming and Jyoti had to develop an action plan to improve the motivation of the social workers to bring down the attrition.

Complexity academic level
Courses in human resource management, organizational behaviour and general management as part of masters-level programmes in business administration and management, and executive development programmes on employee motivation for middle/senior management.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human resource management.
Developing a sport fan equity index
Authors: Kim Young Do , Magnusen Marshall J. , Kim Yukyoum , Kim Minjung 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe primary purpose of this study was to generate a composite sport fan equity index (SFEI) for use in estimating the asset value of an individual fan to a sport organization. The index was developed by applying a simple additive weighting (SAW) method.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional survey-based research was carried out to validate key components of sport fan equity (SFE) and formulate the SFEI on the basis of the NCAA Division I collegiate sport context. These objectives were satisfied through a twofold process involving first-order confirmatory factor analysis intended to assess the validity of SFE measurement scales and SAW designed to produce the composite SFEI.FindingsThe developed index indicated that the average SFE of focal sport fans of Division I collegiate sport was 54.8 and that the overall SFE of such contributors ranged from 20.4 (the lowest score) to 94.6 (the highest score). The SFEI serves as a single, summary score and an essential gauge for sport marketers to use when assessing profitable fans and tracking/comparing them over time.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the sport marketing literature through its application of SAW in an initial effort to produce an easily understandable index that determines the asset value of sport fans and serves as an imperative criterion for overall sport team valuation from the sport consumer side. Specifically, the SFEI can function as a standard numeric measure that enables sport marketers to identify fans from whom sport organizations can generate considerable profits, segment these devotees systematically, and tailor marketing strategies to each fan base.
Bigenderism at work? Organizational responses to trans men and trans women employees
Authors: Rudin Joel , Billing Tejinder , Farro Andrea , Yang Yang 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis study aims to test bigenderism, a universalistic theory that purports to explain why trans men employees enjoy greater organizational acceptance and superior economic outcomes compared to trans women employees.Design/methodology/approachRespondents were presented with one of two case studies in which they had to choose whether or not to respect the right of a trans employee to use the restroom of their choice at work. The only difference between the two case studies was the gender of the trans employee. In one case, the employee was a trans man and in the other case, the employee was a trans woman.FindingsThe gender of the trans employee had no impact on the choices of the respondents.Research limitations/implicationsThe chief research implication is that heightened discrimination against trans men may better be explained by situational theories of transphobia rather than the universalistic theory that was tested in this paper. The primary research limitation was the use of American undergraduate business students as respondents.Practical implicationsOrganizations need to be especially vigilant in protecting the restroom rights of their transgender employees, which may entail eliminating gender-segregated restrooms.Originality/valueThis paper is original in that it uses an experimental design to test the theory of bigenderism. It adds value by encouraging experimental research that examines situational theories of transphobia.
Patterns of clinicopathological features and outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer patients: 35 years of prospectively collected data
Authors: Irodi A , Rye T , Herbert K , Churchman M , Bartos C , Mackean M , Nussey F , Herrington CS , Gourley C , Hollis RL 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveInvestigate the clinical landscape of ovarian carcinoma (OC) over time.DesignRegister‐based prospectively collected data.SettingSouth East Scotland.SampleA total of 2805 OC patients diagnosed in 1981–2015.MethodsSurvival times were visualised using the Kaplan–Meier method; median survival, 5‐year survival probabilities and associated restricted mean survival time analyses were used to quantify survival differences.Main outcome measuresDisease‐specific survival.ResultsA significant increase in disease‐specific survival (DSS) from 1981–1985 to 2011–2015 was observed (median 1.73 versus 4.23 years, P < 0.0001). Corresponding increase in progression‐free survival (PFS) was not statistically significant (median 1.22 versus 1.58 years, P = 0.2568). An increase in the proportion of cases with low residual disease volume (RD) (<2 cm RD) following debulking was observed (54.0% versus 87.7%, P < 0.0001). The proportion of high grade serous (HGS) cases increased (P < 0.0001), whereas endometrioid and mucinous cases decreased (P = 0.0005 and P = 0.0002). Increases in stage IV HGS OC incidence (P = 0.0009) and stage IV HGS OC DSS (P = 0.0122) were observed. Increasing median age at diagnosis correlated with increasing Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) over time (r = 0.86).ConclusionsOC DSS has improved over the last 35 years. PFS has not significantly increased, highlighting that improvement in outcome has been limited to extending post‐relapse survival. Distribution of stage at diagnosis, histological subtype and RD following debulking has changed over time, reflecting evolution in tumour classification, staging and optimal debulking definitions (from low RD to minimal or zero RD). Histology, stage, RD and ECOG PS remain reliable outcome predictors. Increasing median age at diagnosis and ECOG PS indicates demographic shifts in the clinical population.Tweetable abstractSignificant improvement in ovarian carcinoma survival has been seen over time. Most of this improvement is due to an extension of survival following disease relapse.
Disinfestation techniques for major cereals: A status report
Authors: Paul Anjaly , Radhakrishnan Mahendran , Anandakumar Sugumar , Shanmugasundaram Saravanan , Anandharamakrishnan Chinnaswamy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractManagement of stored product insects is a major concern and widely researched topic in the food and grain processing and storage industry. In the scenario of estimated utilization of produces exceeding the production, postharvest losses should be properly controlled to feed the growing population. The prevailing disinfestation techniques are forced to meet regulatory standards and market demands. The resistance developed by insects, environmental concerns, and occupational hazards lead to the vanishing of many chemicals used in insect and pest management programs. Some of the major disinfestation techniques such as the use of chemical fumigants, ozone, irradiation, dielectric heating, extreme temperature treatments, and bio rational approaches are discussed, particularly on the storage of cereal grains and its products, as they contribute to a significant proportion of food consumed worldwide. Newer techniques such as nonthermal plasma and metabolic stress disinfestation and decontamination for stored pest control are developed and evaluated in different parts of the world. The knowledge about the mode of action of these disinfestation techniques is important to avoid the cross‐resistance and multiple resistance developed by insects with frequently used techniques. Various alternatives to conventional fumigants are discussed in this review as there is a growing demand for toxic‐free, environment‐friendly, and, at the same time, efficient techniques.
Viscoelastic haemostatic assays in aeromedical transport
Authors: Bates Alexander , Donohue Andrew , McCullough James , Winearls James 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®)‐sigma and thromboelastography (TEG®)‐6s viscoelastic point‐of‐care assays during rotary wing aeromedical transport, and to determine the reliability of the results obtained.MethodsA single centre, prospective, observational, non‐interventional feasibility study performed at Gold Coast University Hospital intensive care unit, and in a LifeFlight Retrieval Medicine operated Leonardo AW139 helicopter. Blood was collected from eight healthy volunteers on 18 April 2019 and all testing was performed on that day. Functions measured were ROTEM‐sigma extrinsically activated thromboelastometry (EXTEM) clotting time (CT), EXTEM amplitude at 5 min after CT (A5) and fibrin‐based extrinsically activated thromboelastometry (FIBTEM) A5, and TEG‐6s Kaolin (CK) reaction time (R), functional fibrinogen (CFF) maximal amplitude (MA) and CFF amplitude at 10 min after R (A10). Differences between the results obtained in the helicopter and control results at Gold Coast University Hospital during flight and after flight, and also differences in control results over time up to 3 h were analysed.ResultsDuring flight both the ROTEM‐sigma and TEG‐6s devices failed to give reliable results. Post flight, the helicopter and control samples correlated well. Repeat testing of control samples at 1 and 3 h also revealed good correlation over time.ConclusionIt is feasible to reliably run tests on both the ROTEM‐sigma and TEG‐6s after the devices have been flown in a rotary wing aircraft. However, testing cannot be performed while in flight conditions. It is also possible to run blood samples collected up to 3 h prior and acquire results which correlate well with initial testing.
Effects of age, sex and pathological type on the risk of multiple polyps: A Chinese teaching hospital study
Authors: Han Xu , Qian Wei , Liu Yu , Zheng Ting , Su Xiao Ju , Zhang Ping Ping , Chen Yan , Hu Liang Hao , Li Zhao Shen 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThe lack of risk profile data on changes in multiple polyps identified by a colonoscopy constrains the creation of evidence‐based guidelines. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between size, location and histology of multiple polyps and patients’ characteristics in a large teaching hospital‐based Chinese population.MethodsWe conducted a large, case‐control, retrospective analysis on polyps obtained from 8308 patients who presented at the Digestive Endoscopy Center, Changhai Hospital (Shanghai, China) from January 2013 to August 2015. In total 10572 polyps were analyzed, with risk factors extrapolated through chart reviews of patients’ electronic medical records.ResultsSingle polyps were identified in 6843 (82.4%) patients while multiple polyps were found in 1465 (17.6%). A multivariate analysis indicated that men were more likely than women to have multiple polyps (P < 0.001). Compared with the single polyps group, the numbers of patients with multiple polyps increased significantly with age (P < 0.001). Multiple small (6‐9 mm) non‐advanced adenomas were more likely to be found than were diminutive (<5 mm) non‐advanced adenomas (P < 0.001). While most advanced and non‐advanced adenomas were diagnosed in patients with single adenomas (55.9% and 65.6%, respectively), advanced adenomas were more likely than non‐advanced adenomas to be in multiples (P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur data indicate that particular features of colorectal polyps, such as their large size, advanced histology, together with patients’ characteristics, including their sex and age, are risk factors associated with multiple polyps during diagnosis, screening and surveillance.
A DNA mini‐barcode for marine macrophytes
Authors: Ortega Alejandra , Geraldi Nathan R. , Díaz‐Rúa Rubén , Ørberg Sarah B. , Wesselmann Marlene , Krause‐Jensen Dorte , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStudies focusing on marine macrophyte metabarcoding from environmental samples are scarce, due to the lack of a universal barcode for these taxa, and to their poor representation in DNA databases. Here, we searched for a short barcode able to identify marine macrophytes from tissue samples; then, we created a DNA reference library which was used to identify macrophytes in eDNA from coastal sediments. Barcoding of seagrasses, mangroves and marine macroalgae (Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and Phaeophyceae) was tested using 18 primer pairs from six barcoding genes: the plant barcodes rbcL, matK and trnL, plus the genes ITS2, COI and 18S. The 18S gene showed the highest universality among marine macrophytes, amplifying 95%–100% of samples; amplification performance of the other barcodes was limited. Taxonomy was assigned using a phylogeny‐based approach to create an 18S DNA reference library. Macrophyte tissue sequences were accurately identified within their phyla (88%), order (76%), genus (71%) and species (23%). Nevertheless, out of 86 macrophytes tested, only 48% and 15% had a reference sequence at genus and at species level, respectively. Identification at these levels can be improved by more inclusive reference libraries. Using the 18S mini‐barcode and the reference library, we recovered eDNA from 21 marine macrophytes in sediments, demonstrating the barcode's ability to trace primary producers that contribute to blue carbon. We expect this barcode to also be useful for other ecological questions, such as tracing macro primary producers in marine food webs.
A life‐course theory exploration of opioid‐related maternal mortality in the United States
Authors: Cleveland Lisa M. , McGlothen‐Bell Kelly , Scott Leticia A. , Recto Pamela 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsBetween 2007 and 2016, pregnancy‐associated mortality resulting from overdose more than doubled in the United States. This study explored the circumstances surrounding maternal opioid‐related morbidity and mortality, using the life‐course theory as a sensitizing framework to examine how each participant's life‐course contributed to her substance use, relapse, recovery or overdose.DesignA mixed‐methods study using semi‐structured, in‐depth face‐to‐face interviews and focus groups were conducted.SettingTexas, United States.ParticipantsWomen who had relapsed into opioid use or experienced a ‘near‐miss’ overdose and family members of women who had died during the maternal period due to opioid overdose were interviewed (n = 99).MeasurementsA socio‐demographic questionnaire captured participants’ ethnicity, age, marital status, medical and mental health history and employment status. The Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire—revised (SLESQ‐R) assessed life‐time exposure to trauma.FindingsWomen reported histories of abuse and loss of a loved one through homicide or suicide. Participants indicated that limited social support, interpersonal conflict with their partner and unaddressed mental illness made recovery more challenging. Additionally, losing their children through the child welfare system was described as punitive and placed them at greater risk for relapse and overdose.ConclusionsA life‐course theory approach to examining maternal opioid‐related morbidity and mortality in Texas, United States reveals the complex needs of women at risk for opioid use relapse and overdose and the significant role of previous traumatic experiences.
Staff knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to mobilisation in a rehabilitation setting: Short report of a multidisciplinary survey
Authors: Mudge Alison M. , Bew Paul , Smith Simon , McRae Prue 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesRegular mobilising is important in inpatient rehabilitation, but objective measurements show low patient mobility. We sought to understand multidisciplinary staff perspectives on barriers and enablers to mobility in a rehabilitation setting.MethodsA validated barriers survey (standardised score 0‐100, higher representing greater barriers) was distributed to 99 clinical staff on two wards at a single rehabilitation facility.ResultsThe survey was completed by 83 staff (52 nurses, 25 allied health professionals, 4 therapy assistants and 2 medical officers) and identified barriers in behaviour (mean 39, SD 11), attitudes (mean 34, SD 12) and knowledge (mean 23, SD 18). Prominent perceived barriers were nursing workload, unclear responsibility for mobilising, risk of staff injury, patient motivation and family participation; perceived enablers were good knowledge, positive outcome expectations and team communication.ConclusionsThese barriers can inform locally tailored strategies to improve rehabilitation patient mobility.
The survival benefit of radiotherapy in localized primary adult rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Zhao Ruping , Yu Xiaoli , Feng Yan , Wang Jian , Chen Yong , Mao Yanjiao , Yin Wei , Zhang Zhen , Guo Xiaomao , Ma Shenglin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the role of radiotherapy (RT) in the treatment of localized primary adult rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS).MethodsThis retrospective study identified 62 consecutive adult patients with localized primary RMS from January 2000 and July 2016. Local failure‐free survival (LFFS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were fit to assess the ability of patient characteristics to predict survival.ResultsWith a median follow‐up of 33 months (range, 6–195 months), the 5‐year LFFS, DMFS and OS of all patients were 64.0%, 50.0% and 45.0%, respectively. RT was administered to 28 patients (45.2%). Patients who received RT had a higher 5‐year LFFS (81.7% vs 47.2%), 5‐year DMFS (59.4% vs 43.1%) and 5‐year OS (57.1% vs 34.8%) compared with patients who did not received RT. In mulitvariate analysis, RT retained significance as an independent predictor of improved LFFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.282; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.095–0.838; P = 0.023], DMFS (HR = 0.289; 95% CI, 0.125–0.991; P = 0.004) and OS (HR = 0.334; 95% CI, 0.153–0.727; P = 0.006).ConclusionsRT significantly reduced local recurrence, distant metastasis and tumor mortality compared with no radiotherapy for localized primary adult RMS.
The Dilemma of International Diversification: Evidence from the European Sovereign Debt Crisis
Authors: Francis Bill B. , Hasan Iftekhar , Kostova Gergana L. , Ben Naceur Sami 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper tests how capital markets value the international diversification of banks in good and in bad economic times by investigating changes in domestic and foreign sovereign debt ratings before and during the European sovereign debt crisis. Tracing 320 European banks in 29 countries and 226 credit rating announcements for European sovereigns between 1 January 2001 and 15 August 2012, we show that the market values banks with access to foreign funds. Despite occasional adverse effects immediately following negative news regarding sovereign credit rating changes, international diversification was found to be beneficial to European banks, especially during periods of distress.
Current perspective on eicosanoids in asthma and allergic diseases: EAACI Task Force consensus report, part I
Authors: Sokolowska Milena , Rovati G. Enrico , Diamant Zuzana , Untersmayr Eva , Schwarze Jargen , Lukasik Zuzanna , Sava Florentina , Angelina Alba , Palomares Oscar , Akdis Cezmi A. , O’Mahony Liam , Sanak Marek , Dahlen Sven‐Erik , Woszczek Grzegorz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEicosanoids are biologically active lipid mediators, comprising prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and lipoxins, involved in several pathophysiological processes relevant to asthma, allergies, and allied diseases. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are the most studied eicosanoids and established inducers of airway pathophysiology including bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation. Drugs inhibiting the synthesis of lipid mediators or their effects, such as leukotriene synthesis inhibitors, leukotriene receptors antagonists, and more recently prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonists, have been shown to modulate features of asthma and allergic diseases. This review, produced by an European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) task force, highlights our current understanding of eicosanoid biology and its role in mediating human pathology, with a focus on new findings relevant for clinical practice, development of novel therapeutics, and future research opportunities.