bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S171. EFFECT OF DAOA GENETIC VARIATION ON WHITE MATTER ALTERATION IN CORPUS CALLOSUM IN PATIENTS WITH FIRST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Su Wenjun , Zhu Tianyuan , Xu Lihua , Wei Yanyan , Zeng Botao , Zhang Tianhong , Cui Huiru , Wang Junjie , Jia Yuping , Wang Jinhong , Goff Donald C , Tang Yingying , Wang Jijun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
D-amino acid oxidase activator (DAOA) gene, which plays a key role in glutamatergic transmission and mitochondrial function, is frequently linked with the liability for schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the variation of DAOA rs2391191 could be associated with alterations in white matter integrity in first episode schizophrenia patients, and whether it influences the association between white matter integrity, cognitive function and clinical symptoms of schizophrenia.

Methods
Forty-six patients with first-episode schizophrenia and forty-nine sex, age and education-matched healthy controls underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and were genotyped for SNP DAOA rs2391191. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used to delineate the major fiber tracts that showed significant group difference. Patients underwent pathophysiological assessments using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Cognitive function assessments were performed by Chinese version of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB).

Results
Schizophrenia patients presented lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher radial diffusivity (RD) mainly spreading over corpus callosum and corona radiata compared with healthy controls (FWE-corrected p&lt;0.05). Compared with patients carrying G allele, patients with AA genotype showed lower FA in body of corpus callosum, and higher RD in genu of corpus callosum, right superior and anterior corona radiata, and left posterior corona radiata. But there were no significant FA or RD differences between two genotype groups in healthy controls. In patients carrying G allele, mean FA values in body of corpus callosum were positively correlated with working memory, mean RD values in genu of corpus callosum were negatively associated with speed of processing, working memory and composite score of MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), whilst there were no significant correlations found in AA homozygotes.

Discussion
Abnormal white matter integrity in corpus callosum and corona radiata were replicated among our sample of first episode schizophrenia. Genetic variation of DAOA rs2391191 was associated with this abnormality, with AA homozygotes showing less white matter integrity in corpus callosum. Our findings also suggested that rs2391191influenced the association between white matter integrity and cognitive function of schizophrenia patients. Such results might be due to the process of glutamatergic neurotransmission and mitochondrial function DAOA involves in as pinpointed by previous in vitro studies.
S198. SELF-DISTURBANCES AND THEIR NEURAL SIGNATURES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Zaytseva Yulia , Kozakova Eva , Mohr Pavel , Spaniel Filip , Mishara Aaron 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The self-disturbances (SDs) concept is considered to be part of the Schneider’s first rank symptoms, i.e., thought-withdrawal, thought-insertion, thought-broadcasting, somatic-passivity experiences, mental/motor automatisms, disrupted unitary self-experience (Mishara et al., 2014). SDs were originally described by W. Mayer-Gross (1920), who observed them in psychotic patients.

Methods
We classified Mayer-Gross’ findings on SDs into the following categories: experience is new/compelling (aberrant salience), reduced access/importance of autobiographical past, cognitions/emotions occur independently from self’s volition, foreign agents have power over self and developed an SDs scale based on these categories and cognitive domains (perception, motor, speech, thinking etc.). Scale is applied as a measure of the frequency of the experiences. In our current study on phenomenology and neurobiology of psychotic symptoms, we administered the scale to a study group of patients with schizophrenia (N=84) and healthy volunteers (N=170). Further, the resting state fMRI was performed and the group was divided into two subgroups with (N=13) and without self-disturbances (N=10) and in healthy individuals (N=39).

Results
We found substantial differences in the frequency of self-disturbances in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls (total score differences, Z=-5.83, p&lt; 0.001). On a neural level, patients with self-disturbances experienced a decreased functional brain connectivity of the default mode and salience networks as compared to the patients without self-disturbances and healthy controls. The differences were mainly explained by the factor ‘’foreign agents’’ and the novelty of the experience.

Discussion
The scale identifies self-disturbances in schizophrenia and confirms self-related processing in patients with schizophrenia to be associated with altered activation in the cortical midline structures.
Supported by the grant projects MH CR AZV 17-32957A and MEYS NPU4NUDZ: LO1611.
S203. EFFECT OF LONG-ACTING INJECTIONS OF PALIPERIDONE PALMITATE ON CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA BASED ON ILLNESS DURATION
Authors: Kim Seoyoung , Youn Kim Su , Jung Koh Min , Jee Choi Gum , Kim Euitae 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
While early intervention shows a better outcome in patients with schizophrenia, the benefit of early administration of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI) in schizophrenia is not well-studied. Paliperidone Palmitate is one of the most frequently used LAI, and it is usually administered in the later stage of the illness than oral medication. In this study, the difference in clinical and functional improvement by illness duration after the administration of Paliperidone LAI was evaluated.

Methods
Patients with schizophrenia who planned to switch their antipsychotic treatment from oral ones to once-monthly Paliperidone LAI were recruited from hospitals in South Korea from 26 July 2010 to 25 July 2017. The clinical and functional change was measured every 4 weeks with Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI-S) scale and Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale for 6 months after initiation of Paliperidone LAI. Compared to baseline, improvements after switching to Paliperidone LAI were analyzed based on the duration of illness (DI) (less than 3 years, 3 to 10 years, over 10 years).

Results
1166 participants (DI≤3 years, N=240; 3&lt;DI≤10 years, N=442; DI&gt;10 years, N=484) were enrolled. The change in CGI-S score was significantly different according to the DI and those with DI less than 3 years showed the most improvement in the aspect of clinical symptoms (DI, p&lt;0.001; week, p&lt;0.001; DI*week, p=0.013). All three groups showed significant improvements in PSP scores after the treatment with Paliperidone LAI and patients with DI less than 3 years demonstrated the highest PSP scores (DI, p&lt;0.001; DI*week, p=0.436; week, p&lt;0.001).

Discussion
Switching to Paliperidone LAI showed significantly better outcomes in schizophrenia patients especially with those with shorter DI. This result suggests that earlier administration of LAI in schizophrenia might lead to better clinical and functional outcomes.
S206. ARIPIPRAZOLE LONG-ACTING INJECTABLE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA DURING PREGNANCY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Sole Eva , Ignacio Duran Juan , Lera Sara , Torres Anna , Andres Susana , Garriga Marina , Garcia-Esteve Lluïsa , Roca Alba 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics provide some advantages in treatment compliance of psychotic disorders. However, information about their effects during pregnancy is still very limited. We expose a clinical case of aripiprazole LAI use in a pregnant woman diagnosed of schizophrenia.

Methods
A non-systematic review using Pubmed was conducted using the following terms: schizophrenia, pregnancy, aripiprazole and aripiprazole LAI. A clinical record review was performed for the clinical case report.

Results
We report the case of a 30-year-old woman diagnosed of schizophrenia. She required several hospital admissions in the past because of the mental disorder and the lack of treatment adherence, what was the consequence of having no insight of illness and her pregnancy desires.
She was initially treated with risperidone, suffering from some adverse effects like prolactine elevation and amenorrhea. In the last hospital admission, she started treatment with aripiprazol 20mg, having a good tolerability and being finally changed into aripiprazole LAI 400mg/28days. No incidences were reported and stability was achieved.
After five months, she became pregnant and started being followed up in the Perinatal Mental Health Unit that belongs to the same hospital. The severity of the mental disorder and her stability at that moment made psychiatrists; obstetricians and patient decide to keep the antipsychotic treatment with subsequent appointments. The goal was to supervise psychopathology and blood tests during pregnancy.
Prolactine was in physiologic levels and there were no obstetric complications. She finally delivered at 41 gestational weeks to a 3465g baby girl (Apgar 1’: 9 Apgar 5’: 10). No neonatal complications were reported. The Stafford interview was also administered in order to explore her social, obstetric and psychological background as well as possible psychiatric complications due to pregnancy and puerperium. No psychiatric complications were reported. Postpartum Bounding Questionnaire was also administered. No bounding disorder was detected.

Discussion
Pregnancy and postpartum are periods that carry a high risk of illness onset or recurrence in women with severe mental disorders, such as schizophrenia. Having a good control of the symptoms may prevent from risks to both patient and child, due to the important influence that exists on the development of the baby and the mother-infant relationship.
S207. CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH 1METIQ INDUCES PRO-COGNITIVE EFFECT ON RECOGNITION MEMORY IN KETAMINE MODEL OF SCHIZOPHRENIA IN RATS
Authors: Białoń Magdalena , Wąsik Agnieszka , Żarnowska Marcelina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Schizophrenia is severe mental disorder that affects 1% of world population and cause long-term disability (Mueser and McGurk, 2004). Manifestation of the illness can be distinguished into three groups – positive, negative and cognitive symptoms (van Os, 2009). However, cognitive ones (e.g. memory deficits) seem to remain resistant to pharmacotherapy (Cerveri et al., 2019). Memory deficits, as a symptoms of schizophrenia, may be modeled in animals by using a specified dose of ketamine and measured in novel object recognition (NOR) test (Lafionatis et al., 2019). 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1MeTIQ) is an endogenous amine present and synthesized in the mammalian brain with neuroprotective properties (Antkiewicz-Michaluk et al., 2014) and our last study have shown anxiolytic action of 1MeTIQ in rat model of schizophrenia (Wąsik et al., 2019) therefore we decided to define a potential of 1MeTIQ to exhibit pro-cognitive effect on memory in ketamine-treated rats.

Methods
NOR test consisted of adaptation (24h before testing) and two phases (T1 and T2, with 1-hour interval). Exploration times of each objects, preference (PI) and discrimination (DI) indexes were measured. Microdialysis was performed to asses glutamate release in frontal cortex. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups. The control group received saline injections. Animals received acute ketamine (20mg/kg, i.p.) or chronic (7x) administration of1MeTIQ (50mg/kg, i.p.). The combined group received single dose of ketamine 30 minutes after last dose of 1MeTIQ.

Results
In T1 phase of NOR, there were no changes between exploration times of two identical objects. In T2 phase with two different objects, we observed no significant changes in group treated with ketamine. 1MeTIQ given alone increased the difference between time of objects exploration. In combined group, 1MeTIQ completely reversed the effect of ketamine. Ketamine tended, however, without statistical significance, to decrease PI and DI. Treatment with 1MeTIQ did not change mentioned indexes. In microdialysis study, we observed no significant changes in glutamate release in any group.

Discussion
We demonstrated that chronic administration of 1MeTIQ may improve recognition memory function. However, we didn’t observe changes in glutamate release. We suggest that pro-cognitive effect of 1MeTIQ is associated with its impact on monoamine metabolism.
A moderate physiological dose of benzyl butyl phthalate exacerbates the high fat diet-induced diabesity in male mice
Authors: Zhang Jian , Powell Catherine A , Kay Matthew K , Park Min Hi , Meruvu Sunitha , Sonkar Ravi , Choudhury Mahua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) used in plastic manufacturing processes may be contributing to the current increase in metabolic disorders. Here, we determined that benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), a common EDC and food packaging plasticizer, mixed into chow diet (CD) and high fat diets (HFD) at varying concentrations (4 μg/kg body weight (bw)/day, 169 μg/kg bw/day, 3 mg/kg bw/day, 50 mg/kg bw/day) produced a number of detrimental and sex-specific metabolic effects in C57BL/6 male and female mice after 16 weeks. Male mice exposed to moderate (3 mg/kg bw/day) concentrations of BBP in an HFD were especially affected, with significant increases in body weight due to significant increases in weight of liver and adipose tissue. Other doses did not show any significant changes when compared to only CD or HFD alone. HFD in the presence of 3 mg/kg bw/day BBP showed significant increases in fasting blood glucose, glucose intolerance, and insulin intolerance when compared to HFD alone. Furthermore, this group significantly alters transcriptional regulators involved in hepatic lipid synthesis and its downstream pathway. Interestingly, most of the BBP doses had no phenotypic effect when mixed with CD and compared to CD alone. The female mice did not show a similar response as the male population even though they consumed a similar amount of food. Overall, these data establish a dose which can be used for a BBP-induced metabolic research model and suggest that a moderate dosage level of EDC exposure can contribute to widely ranging metabolic effects.
Characterisation of actions of p-menthane-3,8-diol repellent formulations against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Authors: Goodyer Larry , Grootveld Martin , Deobhankar Kedar , Debboun Mustapha , Philip Manju 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Characterisation of mosquito repellents using arm-in-cage tests are performed by assessing the 95% effective dose (ED95), half-life and complete protection time (CPT). This study fully characterizes these properties for p-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD), which has not been widely studied, and a long-acting formulation containing a PMD-vanillin composite.

Methods
A series of arm-in-cage tests against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes were devised using 6 volunteers to estimate CPT or 10 to estimate the ED95 and half-lives for three repellents: 20% N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), 30% PMD and a novel 30% PMD-vanillin formulation. Non-linear regression analysis was used to characterize the relationship between applied dose and CPT.

Results
PMD and DEET showed a very similar log dose relationship to CPT; however, the PMD-vanillin formulation exhibited a sigmoidal ‘S-shaped’ relationship. This resulted in a 1.5-fold higher CPT for PMD-vanillin compared with that of 20% DEET when applied at a dose of 1.6 mg/cm2, but little difference was observed at lower doses of 0.8–1 mg/cm2. The ED95 value for the 30% PMD and PMD-vanillin formulations were 0.25 and 0.24 mg/cm2, respectively, these being higher than that for 20% DEET (0.09 mg/cm2). The half-lives for 30% PMD and 20% DEET were similar (2.23 vs. 2.74 h), but longer for the PMD-vanillin formulations (3.8 h).

Conclusions
A full characterisation for other repellent formulations, particularly those claiming extended longevity, should be conducted in order to identify differences at various applied doses.
Wound Healing and Wound Care in Neonates: Current Therapies and Novel Options
Authors: Steen Emily H. , Wang Xinyi , Boochoon Kieran S. , Ewing Donald C. , Strang Harrison E. , Kaul Aditya , Masri Leighanne , Balaji Swathi , Hollier Larry H. , Keswani Sundeep 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

GENERAL PURPOSE
To provide wound care information that considers the specific physiology of neonates.

TARGET AUDIENCE
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES
After participating in this educational activity, the participant will:
1. Differentiate the use of hydrocolloids, hydrogels, foam dressings, and barrier creams in the neonatal population.
2. Identify issues related to the use of solvents, alginates, collagen dressings, and negative-pressure wound therapy in neonates.

OBJECTIVE
To discuss what is known about the wound milieu in premature and full-term neonates, including the unique challenges pediatric clinicians face, the therapies that have proven effective, and the therapies contraindicated for use in neonatal wound healing to guide treatment that accounts for the specific physiological characteristics of this often overlooked population.

DATA SOURCES
Data were collected on neonatal wound healing from a wide variety of sources, including PubMed, Google Scholar, journals, and textbooks.

STUDY SELECTION
Selection criteria included publications focused on the differences and nuances of wound healing in neonates in comparison with all other age groups.

DATA EXTRACTION
Data were extracted based on articles covering wound healing therapies with proven effectiveness in neonates. Terms for neonatal wound care were compiled, and then a comprehensive literature search was performed by the authors.

DATA SYNTHESIS
Although many therapies are safe for treatment of older children and adolescents, most have not been explicitly tested for neonatal use. This article reviews therapies with proven effectiveness and/or specific concerns in the neonatal population.

CONCLUSION
This review sheds light on the advantages and disadvantages of current standards of care regarding wound healing for neonates to direct researchers and clinicians toward developing treatments specifically for this delicate population.
The New USMLE Step 1 Paradigm: An Opportunity to Cultivate Diversity of Excellence
Authors: Pershing Suzann , Co John Patrick T. , Katznelson Laurence 
Published: May 2020

The February 2020 announcement that United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 results will be reported as pass/fail instead of numerical scores has been controversial. Step 1 scores have played a key role in residency selection, including screening for interviews. Although Step 1 scores are viewed as an objective criterion, they have been shown to disadvantage female and underrepresented minority applicants, cause student anxiety and financial burden, and affect student well-being. Furthermore, Step 1 scores incompletely predict applicants’ overall residency performance. With this paradigm shift in Step 1 score reporting, residency programs will have fewer objective, standardized metrics for selection decisions, which may lead to greater emphasis on USMLE Step 2 Clinical Knowledge scores or yield unintended consequences, including shifting weight to metrics such as medical school reputation.
Yet, greater breadth in residency selection metrics will better serve both applicants and programs. Some students excel in coursework, others in research or leadership. All factors should be recognized, and broader metrics should be implemented to promote and recognize diversity of excellence. Given the need for metrics for residency selection as well as for a more holistic approach to evaluating residency applicants, assessment during medical school should be revisited and made more meaningful. Another opportunity may involve use of situational judgment tests to predict professionalism and performance on other competencies. It will be important to evaluate the impact of the new Step 1 paradigm and related initiatives going forward. Residency application overload must also be addressed.
Preoperative Fluid Fasting Times and Postinduction Low Blood Pressure in Children
Authors: Simpao Allan F. , Wu Lezhou , Nelson Olivia , Gálvez Jorge A. , Tan Jonathan M. , Wasey Jack O. , Muhly Wallis T. , Tsui Fu-Chiang , Masino Aaron J. , Stricker Paul A. 
Published: May 2020

Background
Children are required to fast before elective general anesthesia. This study hypothesized that prolonged fasting causes volume depletion that manifests as low blood pressure. This study aimed to assess the association between fluid fasting duration and postinduction low blood pressure.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed of 15,543 anesthetized children without preinduction venous access who underwent elective surgery from 2016 to 2017 at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Low blood pressure was defined as systolic blood pressure lower than 2 standard deviations below the mean (approximately the 2.5th percentile) for sex- and age-specific reference values. Two epochs were assessed: epoch 1 was from induction to completion of anesthesia preparation, and epoch 2 was during surgical preparation.

Results
In epoch 1, the incidence of low systolic blood pressure was 5.2% (697 of 13,497), and no association was observed with the fluid fasting time groups: less than 4 h (4.6%, 141 of 3,081), 4 to 8 h (6.0%, 219 of 3,652), 8 to 12 h (4.9%, 124 of 2,526), and more than 12 h (5.0%, 213 of 4,238). In epoch 2, the incidence of low systolic blood pressure was 6.9% (889 of 12,917) and varied across the fasting groups: less than 4 h (5.6%, 162 of 2,918), 4 to 8 h (8.1%, 285 of 3,531), 8 to 12 h (5.9%, 143 of 2,423), and more than 12 h (7.4%, 299 of 4,045); after adjusting for confounders, fasting 4 to 8 h (adjusted odds ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.64; P = 0.009) and greater than 12 h (adjusted odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.57; P = 0.018) were associated with significantly higher odds of low systolic blood pressure compared with the group who fasted less than 4 h, whereas the increased odds of low systolic blood pressure associated with fasting 8 to 12 h (adjusted odds ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.42; P = 0.391) was nonsignificant.

Conclusions
Longer durations of clear fluid fasting in anesthetized children were associated with increased risk of postinduction low blood pressure during surgical preparation, although this association appeared nonlinear.

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