bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of Chinese economic variables on Australian and New Zealand equity returns
Authors: Ge Yongbo , Wu Ji , Zhang Jing , Zou Liping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the explanatory power of Chinese economic variables on Australian and New Zealand equity returns. Results suggest that Chinese economic variables have significant explanatory power for both market‐level and industry‐level portfolio returns. Our results are robust when using the principal component analysis (PCA) approach. We also find the predictive power is stronger for the post‐FTA period. In addition, the out‐of‐sample analysis confirms our previous results, suggesting that Chinese economic variables contain incremental information when estimating Australian and New Zealand equity market returns. We believe our findings have important implications for investors and policymakers in both countries.
Machine learning mortality classification in clinical documentation with increased accuracy in visual‐based analyses
Authors: Slattery Susan M. , Knight Daniel C. , Weese‐Mayer Debra E. , Grobman William A. , Downey Doug C. , Murthy Karna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThe role of machine learning on clinical documentation for predictive outcomes remains undefined. We aimed to compare three neural networks on inpatient providers’ notes to predict mortality in neonatal hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE).MethodsUsing Children's Hospitals Neonatal Database, non‐anomalous neonates with HIE treated with therapeutic hypothermia were identified at a single‐centre. Data were linked with the initial seven days of documentation. Exposures were derived using the databases and applying convolutional and two recurrent neural networks. The primary outcome was mortality. The predictive accuracy and performance measures for models were determined.ResultsThe cohort included 52 eligible infants. Most infants survived (n = 36, 69%) and 23 had severe HIE (44%). Neural networks performed above baseline and differed in their median accuracy for predicting mortality (P = .0001): recurrent models with long short‐term memory 69% (25th, 75th percentile 65, 73%) and gated‐recurrent model units 65% (62, 69%) and convolutional 72% (64, 96%). Convolutional networks’ median specificity was 81% (72, 97%).ConclusionThe neural network models demonstrated fundamental validity in predicting mortality using inpatient provider documentation. Convolutional models had high specificity for (excluding) mortality in neonatal HIE. These findings provide a platform for future model training and ultimately tool development to assist clinicians in patient assessments and risk stratifications.
Consensus guidelines: best practices for detection, assessment and management of suspected acute drug‐induced liver injury occurring during clinical trials in adults with chronic cholestatic liver disease
Authors: Palmer Melissa , Regev Arie , Lindor Keith , Avigan Mark I. , Dimick‐Santos Lara , Treem William , Marcinak John F. , Lewis James H. , Anania Frank A. , Seekins Daniel , Shneider Benjamin L. , Chalasani Naga 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundImproved knowledge of the molecular pathophysiology and immunopathogenesis of cholestatic liver diseases in recent years has led to an increased interest in developing novel therapies. Patients with cholestatic liver disease often require different approaches to assessment and management of suspected drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) compared to those with healthy livers and those with parenchymal liver diseases. At present, there are no regulatory guidelines or society position papers, that systematically address best practices pertaining to detection of DILI in these patients.AimsTo outline best practices for detection, assessment and management of suspected acute DILI during clinical trials in adults with the cholestatic liver diseases – Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC).MethodsThis is one of the several papers developed by the IQ DILI Initiative, which is comprised of members from 16 pharmaceutical companies, in collaboration with DILI experts from academia and regulatory agencies. The contents are the result of an extensive literature review, as well as in‐depth discussions among industry, regulatory and academic DILI experts, to achieve consensus recommendations on DILI‐related issues occurring during clinical trials for cholestatic liver diseases.ResultsRecommended best practices are outlined pertaining to hepatic eligibility criteria, monitoring of liver tests, approach to a suspected DILI signal, and hepatic discontinuation rules.ConclusionsThis paper provides a framework for the approach to detection, assessment and management of suspected acute DILI occurring during clinical trials in adults with cholestatic liver disease.
Sustainable grocery retailing: Myth or reality?—A content analysis
Authors: Saber Marcus , Weber Anja 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSustainability reports are a crucial instrument to inform outside stakeholders not only about a company's sustainability performance but also to manage impressions. However, they are often prone to greenwashing and the reporting of negative topics can jeopardize corporate legitimacy. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze reporting quality and how grocery retailing companies deal with this challenge of reporting the true picture. The empirical material is taken from the latest sustainability reports and information available on the Internet for two major German supermarkets, six grocery discount retailers, and two organic supermarkets. The Global Reporting Initiative standards are used to assess and compare the extent of information disclosure. A qualitative content analysis is applied to identify negative disclosure aspects and their legitimation. While the main focus areas (supply chain, employees, environment/climate, and society) are similar for the companies, different levels of reporting quality appeared. Negative information is rarely reported and “abstraction” and “indicating facts” are the dominant legitimation strategies.
Coverage, associated factors, and impact of companionship during labor: A large‐scale observational study in six hospitals in Nepal
Authors: KC Ashish , Axelin Anna , Litorp Helena , Tinkari Bhim Singh , Sunny Avinash K. , Gurung Rejina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundCompanionship at the time of birth is a nonclinical intervention that has been proven to improve the quality of intrapartum care. This study aims to evaluate the coverage, associated factors, and impact of companionship during labor at public hospitals in Nepal.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional observational study in six public hospitals in Nepal. The study was conducted from July 2018 to August 2018. Data were collected on sociodemographic, maternal, obstetric, and neonatal characteristics from patient case notes and through predischarge interviews. Coverage of companionship during labor and its association with intrapartum care was analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to assess the association between companionship during labor and demographic, obstetric, and neonatal characteristics.ResultsA total of 63 077 women participated in the study with 19% of them having a companion during labor. Women aged 19‐24 years had 65% higher odds of having a companion during labor compared with women aged 35 years and older (aOR 1.65 [95% CI, 1.40‐1.94]). Women who were from an advantaged ethnic group (Chhetri/Brahmin) had fourfold higher odds of having a companion than women from a disadvantaged group (aOR 3.84; [95% CI, 3.24‐4.52]). Women who had companions during labor had fewer unnecessary cesarean births than those who had no companions (5.2% vs 6.8%, P < .001).ConclusionsIn Nepal, sociodemographic factors affect women's likelihood of having a companion during labor. As companionship during labor is associated with improved quality of care, health facilities should encourage women's access to birth companions.
Distribution mapping of specialized amphibian species in rare, ephemeral habitats: Implications for the conservation of threatened “acid” frogs in south‐east Queensland
Authors: Filer Alannah , Beyer Hawthorne L. , Meyer Ed , Van Rensburg Berndt J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe acid frogs of eastern Australia are a highly specialized group of threatened species endemic to acidic coastal wetlands of southern Queensland and New South Wales. The distribution of these species overlaps with areas of increasing development where land‐use intensification poses a significant threat. Successful conservation of these species requires that areas of high conservation value for acid frogs are properly identified and protected, particularly in south‐east Queensland which supports important populations of all four acid frog species: Litoria olongburensis, Litoria freycineti, Crinia tinnula, and the Queensland‐endemic Litoria cooloolensis. Species distribution modeling using rigorously vetted species occurrence data was used to identify areas of potential acid frog habitat with >89% predictive power for all species. Key predictor variables for acid frog species occurrence included: soil sandiness, vegetation, presence and/or type of wetland, and soil clay content. All species' predicted distributions occurred primarily in coastal regions, overlapping with densely human‐populated areas. Our modeling and analysis of species' distributions highlight local government areas where protection of wallum habitat is most important for the conservation of acid frogs, as well as areas of higher conservation value providing habitat for multiple acid frog species.
Effects of a fire‐retardant on oviposition habitat selection and larval development of the mosquito Culiseta longiareolata
Authors: Ozeri Lital , Horwitz Rael , Kneitel Jamie , Rahav Eyal , Blaustein Leon 
Published: November 2019

1. Fire retardants are composed of fertilising salts that are commonly used for fighting wildfires. These chemicals have various effects on individual arthropod species and aquatic communities.2. This study investigated the effects of four treatments of a prevalent fire retardant [FR CROS 134 (FR), applied at concentrations of 0, 3.8 × 102, 7.6 × 102 and 11.4 × 102 mg litre−1] on oviposition habitat selection (OHS) by Culiseta longiareolata and Culex laticinctus mosquitoes in an outdoor mesocosm. Additionally, larval development of C. longiareolata was examined in response to this fire retardant.3. The results demonstrate that OHS increased in both species, whereas survivorship (0–86.7%) and time to metamorphosis (5.4–23.1 days) of C. longiareolata were not affected by any of the treatments. However, cyanobacterial biomass increased and heterotrophic bacteria decreased in response to the addition of FR.4. It was found that FR applications can have unintended consequences which can increase OHS by female mosquitoes. The growing use of fire retardants worldwide, and especially in Israel, justify evidence‐based assessment and environmental management of their use. This study is a first critical step in filling the knowledge gap with respect to the impact of FR on aquatic ecosystems.
Comparison of students' perception of problem‐based learning and traditional teaching method in a Nigerian dental school
Authors: Oderinu Olabisi H. , Adegbulugbe Ilemobade C. , Orenuga Omolola. O. , Butali Azeez 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the perceptions of dental students on problem‐based learning, PBL, in comparison with the traditional lecture (TL) method.MethodsThis comparative study was conducted amongst 72 dental undergraduates. PBL was introduced to the students before the commencement of course. PBL method was used by the student to learn about cariology, whilst other lecture topics were taught by the TL. Students were not informed at the beginning of the course about end of course assessment of learning and teaching methods to limit their bias. The study was approved by the institution's ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained from participants at the end of the course to recruit them into the study. The students worked in small groups to solve tasks on clinical case scenarios. Four class sessions were held for presentations and discussions. The students' perceptions concerning the two teaching methods were sought by the use of an anonymously completed questionnaire. Six perceived factors that influenced the teaching and learning process were extracted from the twenty‐two‐perception‐item questionnaire using factor analysis. Paired sample t test was used for comparison of means.ResultsThe highest mean scores for all six perceived factors were observed in the PBL method. There were statistically significant differences (P < .05) between PBL and TL teaching methods for all the perceived factors; (“Challenge critical thinking,” “Communication with peers,” “Usefulness as pedagogical method,” “Organization” and “Interaction between students and tutors”) except for the perceived factor “Adequacy of teaching.” The mean for most of the perception items was highest in the PBL method compared to TL. The perception item “Able to provide intellectual stimulation” had the highest mean score (4.21 ± 0.76) for the PBL method, whilst it was “Laboratory exercise” (4.14 ± 0.68) for TL.ConclusionsStudents' perception of the two educational methods investigated showed a preference for the PBL method. The students felt that PBL provided a higher ability for intellectual stimulation.
Autologous stem cell transplantation is safe in selected elderly multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Antonioli Elisabetta , Nozzoli Chiara , Buda Gabriele , Staderini Michela , Boncompagni Riccardo , Martini Francesca , Petrini Mario , Bosi Alberto , Saccardi Riccardo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesASCT is currently the “gold standard” first‐line treatment for multiple myeloma patients younger than 65 years old, and limited data on efficacy and safety in older patients are available.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 83 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients aged 65 or older. All patients were evaluated for fitness at diagnosis and after bortezomib‐based induction treatment.Results and conclusionsAll patients collected an adequate PBSC graft, mainly after G‐CSF plus cyclophosphamide; a median of 6.47 × 106/kg CD34 + cells was collected. The conditioning regimen consisted of melphalan 100, 140 and 200 mg/m2 in 40, 15 and 28 patients, respectively. Median time to neutrophils’ and platelets’ recovery was 11 and 12 days, respectively. Adverse events of any grade were referred by 40% of patients. The overall response rate was 93%, CR/sCR were 39%. Median PFS was 35 months; median OS was not reached. In our study cohort, the achievement of at least VGPR after induction therapy and the obtainment of CR/sCR after ASCT are the only parameters that were associated with an improved PFS. ASCT is an effective and safe first‐line treatment approach, a careful patients selection reduce the toxicity of the procedure.
Climate drives community‐wide divergence within species over a limited spatial scale: evidence from an oceanic island
Authors: Salces‐Castellano Antonia , Patiño Jairo , Alvarez Nadir , Andújar Carmelo , Arribas Paula , Braojos‐Ruiz Juan José , del Arco‐Aguilar Marcelino , García‐Olivares Víctor , Karger Dirk N. , López Heriberto , Manolopoulou Ioanna , Oromí Pedro , Pérez‐Delgado Antonio J. , Peterman William E. , Rijsdijk Kenneth F. , Emerson Brent C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGeographic isolation substantially contributes to species endemism on oceanic islands when speciation involves the colonisation of a new island. However, less is understood about the drivers of speciation within islands. What is lacking is a general understanding of the geographic scale of gene flow limitation within islands, and thus the spatial scale and drivers of geographical speciation within insular contexts. Using a community of beetle species, we show that when dispersal ability and climate tolerance are restricted, microclimatic variation over distances of only a few kilometres can maintain strong geographic isolation extending back several millions of years. Further to this, we demonstrate congruent diversification with gene flow across species, mediated by Quaternary climate oscillations that have facilitated a dynamic of isolation and secondary contact. The unprecedented scale of parallel species responses to a common environmental driver for evolutionary change has profound consequences for understanding past and future species responses to climate variation.
End‐of‐life care of nursing home residents: A survey among general practitioners in northwestern Germany
Authors: Allers Katharina , Fassmer Alexander M , Spreckelsen Ove , Hoffmann Falk 
Published: November 2019

AimTo describe general practitioners' (GPs) perspectives on end‐of‐life care of nursing home residents.MethodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional study. A questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 1121 GPs in the German federal states of Bremen and Lower Saxony in 2018. Data were compared between GPs with a qualification in palliative medicine and those without such qualifications, and multivariable logistic regression was performed.ResultsOverall, 375 questionnaires were returned (response rate 34%). The majority of GPs (71%) agreed that nursing home residents are treated too often in hospitals at the end of life, and more than half rated end‐of‐life care in nursing homes as “rather poor” (54%). For both questions, GPs with a qualification in palliative medicine showed higher agreements. In the multivariable analysis, a prior qualification in palliative medicine was also strongly associated with rating end‐of‐life care as “rather poor” (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.10–3.23). Respondents cited higher staffing ratios and better trained nursing staff as the most important measures to improve end‐of‐life care. Furthermore, it was estimated that just 37% of residents have an advance directive, with only one‐third including valid information on end‐of‐life hospitalizations.ConclusionsThis study showed that GPs tend to be critical regarding end‐of‐life care in nursing homes. To improve end‐of‐life care, better training in palliative care for nursing staff and GPs might be warranted. In addition, advance care planning can help to ensure that residents' wishes are respected. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 25–30.
Leukemoid reaction: A 21st‐century cohort study
Authors: Portich Júlia P. , Faulhaber Gustavo A. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionLeukemoid reaction (leukocyte count >50 cells ×109 L) is a rare but extremely relevant finding. Since little has been published on this condition's clinical relevance and prognosis, we investigated leukemoid reaction in patients with a white blood cell count of >50 × 109 L, including etiology and outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included all patients at a Brazilian tertiary hospital between January 2016 and July 2018 > 18 years with a total leukocyte count >50 cells×109 L. Demographics, complete blood count, clinical features, and the exams used to diagnose and determine leukemoid reaction etiology were analyzed. A Kaplan‐Meyer survival analysis was performed, and a binary logistic regression model identified variables associated with death.ResultsOf the 267 cases with white blood cell count of >50 × 109, 162/267 (60%) were secondary to hematopoietic neoplasm and 105/267 (40%) presenting as a true leukemoid reaction. The primary causes of the true leukemoid reaction cases were infection (59), nonhematopoietic neoplasm (17), or other causes (29). Patient deaths (66) differed significantly between groups (P < .001, log‐rank [Mantel‐Cox] Test). Lower hemoglobin, older age, and increased segmented neutrophil count were associated with increased risk of death.ConclusionsThis was a modern cohort analysis of leukemoid reactions, inclusive of all etiologies. The most common cause was infection, which involved several microorganisms. Paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction was also common. Both conditions have a poor prognosis with high mortality, being a major medical challenge.
Do clinical nurse specialist led stroke follow‐up clinics reduce post‐stroke hospital readmissions and recurrent vascular events?
Authors: Kao Alex , Lanford Jeremy , Wong Lai‐Kin , Ranta Annemarei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPost‐discharge stroke follow‐up clinics intend to improve care and may reduce readmission. Pre‐2013, there was no consistent post‐stroke specialist follow up offered at Wellington Hospital. We tested whether the establishment of a clinical nurse specialist follow‐up clinic reduced the 12‐month readmission rate.MethodsThis is a sequential comparison of stroke patients admitted 1 year prior and 1 year after clinic establishment in 2013. The primary outcome was 12‐month hospital readmission rate; main secondary outcomes were guideline adherence and recurrent vascular events. Patients were identified from hospital discharge records and underwent chart review. We adjusted results for differences in baseline characteristics.ResultsWe identified 603 eligible patients; 288 pre‐ and 315 post‐nurse clinic implementations. There was no difference based on study cohort in the 1‐year readmission rate (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.14; 95% CI, 0.7–1.89; P = 0.583), or recurrent composite vascular events at 1 year (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI, 0.89–2.9; P = 0.159). When looking at clinic attendance as the main variable of interest, a pre‐specified sub‐group analysis, there was a significant difference in implementation of best medical therapy (aOR 2.66 (1.19–5.94); P = 0.017), and a trend towards reduction of vascular events and/or death at 1 year post discharge (aOR 0.53 (0.28–1.02); P = 0.056).ConclusionsThere was no reduction in the 1‐year hospital readmission or vascular event recurrence rate for patients admitted with stroke following the establishment of a specialist nurse‐led stroke follow‐up clinic. Actual clinic attendance, however, did appear to confer some benefit. This study suggests that more consistent and potentially earlier timed follow up is probably desirable.
Annual Research Review: Rethinking childhood trauma‐new research directions for measurement, study design and analytical strategies
Authors: Danese Andrea 
Published: November 2019

Childhood trauma is a key modifiable risk factor for psychopathology. Despite significant scientific advances, traumatised children still have poorer long‐term outcomes than nontraumatised children. New research paradigms are, thus, needed. To this end, the review examines three dominant assumptions about measurement, design and analytical strategies. Current research warns against using prospective and retrospective measures of childhood trauma interchangeably; against interpreting cross‐sectional differences in putative mediating mechanisms between adults with or without a history of childhood trauma as evidence of longitudinal changes from pre‐trauma conditions; and against directly applying explanatory models of resilience or vulnerability to psychopathology in traumatised children to forecast individual risk in unseen cases. The warnings equally apply to research on broader measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Further research examining these assumptions can generate new insights on how to prevent childhood trauma and its detrimental effects.