bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The environmental dependence of rapidly quenching and rejuvenating galaxies
Authors: Cleland Cressida , McGee Sean L 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
By combining H α flux measurements from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) with ultraviolet (UV) flux observations from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX), we examine the environmental dependence (through central/satellite distinction) of the rapid quenching and rejuvenation of galaxies. H α emissions trace the most massive stars, thereby indicating star formation on time-scales of ∼10 Myr, while UV emission traces star formation on time-scales of ∼100 Myr. These varying time-scales are exploited to probe the most recent star formation histories of galaxies. In this work, we define a class of transient galaxies that have UV emission typical of star formation but negligible H α emission. We find that the occurrence of these transients has a strong stellar mass dependence in both the satellite and central populations. However, while at stellar masses greater than M* ∼ 1010 M⊙ they occur with equal frequency regardless of environmental class, at lower stellar masses they are more common in satellites only, with an excess of about 1 percentage point across all low stellar mass galaxies. These satellite transients also have a strong halo mass and group-centric radial dependence suggesting they are driven by an environmental process. Finally, we select a sample of galaxies with H α emission but not UV emission that could contain short time-scale rejuvenating galaxies. These rejuvenating candidates are few in number and do not have a strong difference in their occurrence rate in centrals or satellites. These unique probes point to an environmental quenching mechanism that occurs on short time-scales after the satellite has been in the group environment for a significant time – consistent with ‘delayed-then-rapid’ quenching.
WISDOM project – VI. Exploring the relation between supermassive black hole mass and galaxy rotation with molecular gas
Authors: Smith Mark D , Bureau Martin , Davis Timothy A , Cappellari Michele , Liu Lijie , Onishi Kyoko , Iguchi Satoru , North Eve V , Sarzi Marc 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Empirical correlations between the masses of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and properties of their host galaxies are well established. Among these is the correlation with the flat rotation velocity of each galaxy measured either at a large radius in its rotation curve or via a spatially integrated emission-line width. We propose here the use of the deprojected integrated CO emission-line width as an alternative tracer of this rotation velocity, which has already been shown useful for the Tully–Fisher (luminosity–rotation velocity) relation. We investigate the correlation between CO line widths and SMBH masses for two samples of galaxies with dynamical SMBH mass measurements, with spatially resolved and unresolved CO observations, respectively. The tightest correlation is found using the resolved sample of 25 galaxies as $\log (M_\mathrm{BH}/\mathrm{M_\odot })=(7.5\pm 0.1)+(8.5\pm 0.9)[\log (W_\mathrm{50}/\sin i \, \mathrm{km\, s}^{-1})-2.7]$, where MBH is the central SMBH mass, W50 is the full width at half-maximum of a double-horned emission-line profile, and i is the inclination of the CO disc. This relation has a total scatter of $0.6\,$ dex, comparable to those of other SMBH mass correlations, and dominated by the intrinsic scatter of $0.5\,$ dex. A tight correlation is also found between the deprojected CO line widths and the stellar velocity dispersions averaged within one effective radius. We apply our correlation to the COLD GASS sample to estimate the local SMBH mass function.
Predictions for the FAST telescope’s CRAFTS extragalactic H i survey
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wu Jingwen , Li Di , Tsai Chao-Wei , Staveley-Smith Lister , Wang Jing , Fu Jian , McIntyre Travis , Yuan Mao ,   (FAST collaboration), Marko Krčo , Michael G Jones , Ying Zu , Sean E 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) has started the Commensal Radio Astronomy FasT Survey (CRAFTS). In this paper, we use the technical parameters of FAST derived from commissioning observations to simulate the completeness function for extragalactic H i survey of CRAFTS, H i galaxies from two kinds of mock catalogues are selected. One is generated by Monte Carlo simulation based on the interpolated mass–velocity width function of the ALFALFA $100{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ (a.k.a. α.100) catalogue. The other is constructed by semi-analytical N-body simulation based on the ΛCDM model. Our results suggest that a two-pass CRAFTS extragalactic H i survey will be able to detect nearly 4.8 × 105 galaxies, from which the ‘faint end’ slope of the H i mass function (HIMF) can be recovered to $\mathrm{10^{7}\, M_{\odot }}$ and the ‘knee mass’ of the HIMF can be measured to a redshift of 0.1. Considering the radio frequency interference status and sensitivity limitation, CRAFTS will be efficient in detecting H i galaxies at redshifts below 0.1, which implies a tremendous potential in exploring the galaxy interactions in different environments and the spatial distribution of H i galaxies in the local universe.
The ssDNA-binding protein MEIOB acts as a dosage-sensitive regulator of meiotic recombination
Authors: Guo Rui , Xu Yang , Leu N Adrian , Zhang Lei , Fuchs Serge Y , Ye Lan , Wang P Jeremy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMeiotic recombination enables reciprocal exchange of genetic information between parental chromosomes and is essential for fertility. MEIOB, a meiosis-specific ssDNA-binding protein, regulates early meiotic recombination. Here we report that the human infertility-associated missense mutation (N64I) in MEIOB causes protein degradation and reduced crossover formation in mouse testes. Although the MEIOB N64I substitution is associated with human infertility, the point mutant mice are fertile despite meiotic defects. Meiob mutagenesis identifies serine 67 as a critical residue for MEIOB. Biochemically, these two mutations (N64I and S67 deletion) cause self-aggregation of MEIOB and sharply reduced protein half-life. Molecular genetic analyses of both point mutants reveal an important role for MEIOB in crossover formation in late meiotic recombination. Furthermore, we find that the MEIOB protein levels directly correlate with the severity of meiotic defects. Our results demonstrate that MEIOB regulates meiotic recombination in a dosage-dependent manner.
Building a tRNA thermometer to estimate microbial adaptation to temperature
Authors: Cimen Emre , Jensen Sarah E , Buckler Edward S 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBecause ambient temperature affects biochemical reactions, organisms living in extreme temperature conditions adapt protein composition and structure to maintain biochemical functions. While it is not feasible to experimentally determine optimal growth temperature (OGT) for every known microbial species, organisms adapted to different temperatures have measurable differences in DNA, RNA and protein composition that allow OGT prediction from genome sequence alone. In this study, we built a ‘tRNA thermometer’ model using tRNA sequence to predict OGT. We used sequences from 100 archaea and 683 bacteria species as input to train two Convolutional Neural Network models. The first pairs individual tRNA sequences from different species to predict which comes from a more thermophilic organism, with accuracy ranging from 0.538 to 0.992. The second uses the complete set of tRNAs in a species to predict optimal growth temperature, achieving a maximum ${r^2}$ of 0.86; comparable with other prediction accuracies in the literature despite a significant reduction in the quantity of input data. This model improves on previous OGT prediction models by providing a model with minimum input data requirements, removing laborious feature extraction and data preprocessing steps and widening the scope of valid downstream analyses.
Hypoxia changes the shape of the biomass size spectrum of planktonic communities: a case study in the eastern Mediterranean (Elefsina Bay)
Authors: Batziakas Stratos , Frangoulis Constantin , Tsiola Anastasia , Nikolioudakis Nikolaos , Tsagaraki Tatiana M , Somarakis Stylianos 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHypoxia is a major stressor on biological communities in many oceanic and coastal ecosystems. Various size-dependent processes (e.g. growth and reproduction rates, predator–prey interactions) are adversely affected by hypoxia. We hypothesized that the impacts of hypoxia on planktonic communities would also be reflected in their Normalized Biomass Size Spectra (NBSS) as steeper slopes and lower intercepts. To explore this hypothesis, we studied the planktonic communities (from bacteria to mesozooplankton) of Elefsina, an enclosed bay that exhibits near bottom hypoxia during summer, and Aghios Kosmas, an adjacent coastal site outside the bay. Bottom layer hypoxia formed during the stratification period in Elefsina Bay significantly altered the distribution of planktonic organisms in the water column. Several unicellular and mesozooplanktonic groups avoided the hypoxic layer, in which the biomass of autotrophic picoeukaryotes was markedly higher. Community changes related to hypoxia were clearly reflected in the NBSS. The slope was significantly steeper in the hypoxic layer (−1.330 vs −1.193) and the intercept was lower (−2.222 vs −0.972, hypoxic vs oxic layer). This result can be interpreted as reduced trophic transfer efficiency to the higher trophic levels due to hypoxia.
Budget impact analysis of an early identification and referral model for diagnosing patients with suspected rheumatoid arthritis in Ireland
Authors: Kelleher Dan , Barry Luke , McGowan Bernie , Doherty Edel , Carey John J , Kane David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
To estimate the budget impact from the perspective of the Irish health-care system attributable to a reconfiguration in the diagnostic care pathway for patients with suspected RA by adopting an early identification and referral model (EIM).

Methods
The budget impact model evaluated the total health-care use and costs attributable to an EIM to diagnose patients with suspected RA relative to the reference scenario of current practice. The modelling also assessed a primary outcome of effect, which examined how many patients can be diagnosed by a rheumatologist within 3 months of symptom onset. The budget impact analysis model was estimated over a 5-year time frame.

Results
The EIM generated a cost saving for the Irish health-care system of €237 547 over the time frame relative to current practice. The cost savings were realized owing to a reduction in the number of general practitioner (GP) visits of 18 790 and a reduction in diagnostic tests carried out by GPs. The results showed that 1027 (510%) more patients were diagnosed within 3 months of symptom onset in the EIM compared with current practice.

Conclusion
This paper has presented an alternative rheumatologist-led service design that can be used in diagnosing patients with suspected RA. The rheumatologist-led service provision detailed in this study has the potential simultaneously to reduce demand for primary care services and to improve the health outcomes of patients. The use of an EIM sees rheumatologist activity incorporate patient demand.
Proinflammatory and bone protective role of calcitonin gene-related peptide alpha in collagen antibody-induced arthritis
Authors: Maleitzke Tazio , Hildebrandt Alexander , Weber Jérôme , Dietrich Tamara , Appelt Jessika , Jahn Denise , Zocholl Dario , Baranowsky Anke , Duda Georg N , Tsitsilonis Serafeim , Keller Johannes 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Calcitonin gene-related peptide alpha (αCGRP) represents an immunomodulatory neuropeptide implicated in pain perception. αCGRP also functions as a critical regulator of bone formation and is overexpressed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, we investigated the role of αCGRP in experimental RA regarding joint inflammation and bone remodelling.

Methods
Collagen II-antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) was induced in wild type (WT) and αCGRP-deficient (αCGRP-/-) mice. Animals were monitored over 10 and 48 days with daily assessments of the semiquantitative arthritis score and grip strength test. Joint inflammation, cartilage degradation and bone erosions were assessed by histology, gene expression analysis and µCT.

Results
CAIA was accompanied by an overexpression of αCGRP in WT joints. αCGRP-/- mice displayed reduced arthritic inflammation and cartilage degradation. Congruently, the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, CD80 and MMP13 was induced in WT, but not αCGRP-/- animals. WT mice displayed an increased bone turnover during the acute inflammatory phase, which was not the case in αCGRP-/- mice. Interestingly, WT mice displayed a full recovery from the inflammatory bone disease, whereas αCGRP-/- mice exhibited substantial bone loss over time.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates a proinflammatory and bone protective role of αCGRP in CAIA. Our data indicate that αCGRP not only enhances joint inflammation, but also controls bone remodelling as part of arthritis resolution. As novel αCGRP inhibitors are currently introduced clinically for the treatment of migraine, their potential impact on RA progression warrants further clinical investigation.
Causal association of adipokines with osteoarthritis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Fan Jiayao , Zhu Jiahao , Sun Lingling , Li Yasong , Wang Tianle , Li Yingjun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
This two-sample Mendelian randomization study aimed to delve into the effects of genetically predicted adipokine levels on OA.

Methods
Summary statistic data for OA originated from a meta-analysis of a genome-wide association study with an overall 50 508 subjects of European ancestry. Publicly available summary data from four genome-wide association studies were exploited to respectively identify instrumental variables of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, chemerin and retinol-blinding protein 4. Subsequently, Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted with inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median and Mendelian randomization-Egger regression. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses were then conducted to assess the robustness of our results.

Results
The positive causality between genetically predicted leptin level and risk of total OA was indicated by IVW [odds ratio (OR): 2.40, 95% CI: 1.13–5.09] and weighted median (OR: 2.94, 95% CI: 1.23–6.99). In subgroup analyses, evidence of potential harmful effects of higher level of adiponectin (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01–1.61 using IVW), leptin (OR: 3.44, 95% CI: 1.18–10.03 using IVW) and resistin (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03–1.36 using IVW) on risk of knee OA were acquired. However, the mentioned effects on risk of hip OA were not statistically significant. Slight evidence was identified supporting causality of chemerin and retinol-blinding protein 4 for OA. The findings of this study were verified by the results from sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions
An association between genetically predicted leptin level and risk of total OA was identified. Furthermore, association of genetically predicted levels of adiponectin, leptin and resistin with risk of knee OA were reported.
High prevalence of steroid-induced glucose intolerance with normal fasting glycaemia during low-dose glucocorticoid therapy: an oral glucose tolerance test screening study
Authors: Nowak Karolina M , Rdzanek-Pikus Monika , Romanowska-Próchnicka Katarzyna , Nowakowska-Płaza Anna , Papierska Lucyna 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of new-onset glucose metabolism impairment using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in patients with normal fasting glycaemia on long-term glucocorticoid (GC) treatment.

Methods
An OGTT was performed in 150 patients without a previous history of pre-diabetes or diabetes who were diagnosed with inflammatory rheumatic diseases and treated with GCs &gt;3 months. All participants underwent clinical and biochemical evaluation for risk factors of diabetes: age, sex, current and cumulative dose of steroids, treatment duration, waist circumference, BMI, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, fasting insulin concentration, family history of diabetes, CRP, 28-joint DAS with CRP, type of connective tissue disease and trunk fat percentage measured by DXA. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between the presence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in the OGTT and analysed risk factors.

Results
A total of 102 patients (68%) had fully normal glucose tolerance. Diabetes, isolated impaired fasting glucose, isolated IGT and combined impaired fasting glucose + IGT was diagnosed in 3.3, 4.67, 19.33 and 4.67% of patients, respectively; 20% of participants had IGT or diabetes despite normal fasting glucose concentration. The median cumulative dose and current dose (5 mg) of GCs and treatment duration were similar compared with the normal glucose tolerance group. In a multivariate logistic regression model, only older age (particularly ≥50 years of age) and trunk fat percentage remained significant factors predicting IGT or diabetes in the OGTT.

Conclusion
New-onset GC-induced glucose intolerance, even in patients on long-term low-dose treatment, is prevalent despite normal fasting glucose concentration and patients should be screened with an OGTT despite the absence of classic risk factors of diabetes.
Investigating the affordances of a flipped mathematics classroom from an activity theoretical perspective
Authors: Fredriksen Helge 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Flipped Classroom as a pedagogical framework has gained popularity at secondary and tertiary levels of mathematics education, but there is a lack of research based on a solid theoretical foundation. This article considers the flipped mathematics classroom from the perspective of affordances and cultural–historical activity theory. The empirical background is based on semi-structured interview data from eight first-year computer-engineering students following 1 year of flipped classroom teaching. The thematic analysis of the data indicates that the flipped format offers a range of affordances at various levels of the activity system. This article advances research on affordances for mathematical learning in a flipped classroom pedagogical frame, presenting operational affordances out-of-class, action affordances at the mathematical task level and finally activity affordances at the collective level.
Low Superior Pubic Ramus Screw Failure Rate With Combined Anterior and Posterior Pelvic Ring Fixation
Authors: Shieh Alvin K. , Hayes Christopher B. , Shelton Trevor J. , Chip Routt Milton L. , Eastman Jonathan G. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
To determine whether fracture pattern, implant size, fixation direction, or the amount of posterior pelvic ring fixation influences superior ramus medullary screw fixation failure.

Design:
Retrospective cohort review.

Setting:
Regional Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
After exclusion criteria, 95 patients with 111 superior ramus fractures with 3 months minimum follow-up were included.

Intervention:
All patients underwent anterior and posterior pelvic ring fixation.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Comparison of immediate postoperative radiographs and/or computer tomography scan with the latest postoperative image to calculate interval fracture displacement and implant position. Postoperative fracture displacement or implant position change greater than 1 cm were considered fixation failures.

Results:
Five screws were defined as failures (4.5%), including 3 retrograde, 3 with bicortical fixation, 4 with a 4.5-mm screw, and 1 with a 7.0-mm screw. Fracture patterns included 2 oblique and 3 comminuted fractures. Based on the Nakatani classification, there were 3 zone II, 1 zone I, and 1 zone III. Failure modes included 3 with cut-out along the screw head and 1 cut-out and 1 cut-through at the screw tip.

Conclusions:
Our incidence of superior pubic ramus intramedullary screw fixation failure was 4.5%. Even with anterior and posterior fixation along with precise technique, failures still occur without a common failure predictor. The percutaneous advantages and proven strength provided by an intramedullary implant make it desirable to help reestablish global pelvic ring stability. Biomechanical and clinical studies are needed to further understand intramedullary superior ramus screw fixation.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Olecranon Osteotomy Implant Removal Rates and Associated Complications
Authors: Meldrum Alexander , Kwong Cory , Archibold Katherine , Cinats David , Schneider Prism 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
This study reports on olecranon osteotomy implant removal rates, fixation types, and associated complications.

Design:
Multicentre case series.

Setting:
Patients were identified through an electronic medical database at one Level 1 trauma center and three Level 2 trauma centers.

Patients:
Two hundred thirty-five patients were identified through the database, of which 92 patients met inclusion criteria.

Intervention:
Patients underwent olecranon osteotomy for fixation of distal humerus fractures and the implant used was at the surgeon's discretion.

Main Outcome Measurement:
Implant removal rate.

Results:
Thirty-four of 92 (37.0%) patients underwent removal of implant from their olecranon osteotomy. Implant removal rates were as follows: 28 of the 63 patients for tension band wiring (TBW) (44.4%), 6 of the 18 patients for plates (33.3%), 0 of the 1 patient for cable-pin, and 0 of the 10 patients for osteotomies fixed with a screw fixation. Screw fixation was removed less frequently than TBW (P = 0.01). Screws were less commonly removed than all other fixation types (P = 0.01). TBWs (28/63) were more commonly removed than all other implants (6/29) (P < 0.05). The nonunion rate for olecranon osteotomies was 3.3%. TBWs (18/18) are more likely to be removed for implant irritation than plates. TBWs had an odds ratio of 3.29 for requiring implant removal if they were left >1 mm off of the olecranon tip.

Conclusion:
In this study, 34 of the 92 (37%) patients undergoing an olecranon osteotomy for treatment of a distal humerus fracture required removal of olecranon implant. Screw fixation (0/10) was found to be removed less frequently than TBW fixation 28 of the 63 patients (44.4%).

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.