bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low fitness and increased sedentary time are associated with worse asthma—The National Youth Fitness Survey
Authors: Lu Kim D. , Forno Erick , Radom‐Aizik Shlomit , Cooper Dan M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is the most common chronic illness in children and is independently impacted by obesity and by fitness. The National Youth Fitness Survey collected data on aerobic fitness, body composition, and health outcomes in children 6 to 11 years old. The goal of this study is to test hypotheses regarding relationships between asthma, aerobic fitness, and sedentary time in this uniquely studied cohort of young children.MethodsA total of 665 children (6‐11 years old; 49% male) were included in analyses. We explored relationships between asthma outcomes and aerobic fitness (measured by endurance time), self‐reported sedentary time, and body mass index categories. Fitness was categorized as unfit (lowest 25% of endurance times) or fit. Multivariate logistic regression models were created for asthma outcomes and adjusted for race, age, sex, poverty status, and overweight/obesity.ResultsAmong the participants, 17.9% had a previous history of asthma and 11.4% had current asthma. Additionally, 37.3% of participants were overweight or obese. Low fitness was significantly associated with increased odds of past asthma, current asthma, asthma attacks, wheeze with exercise, and wheeze with activity limitations in multivariate models. Increased sedentary time was significantly associated with increased odds of previous asthma, current asthma, asthma attacks, and wheeze with activity limitations.ConclusionDecreased aerobic fitness and increased sedentary time were associated with worse asthma outcomes in this group of children (6‐11 years old). This data suggest that fitness and sedentary time, both modifiable factors, each have an independent effect on asthma and should be included in assessments and management of asthma health.
Oxygen insecurity and mortality in resource‐constrained healthcare facilities in rural Kenya
Authors: Otiangala Dickson , Agai Nicholas O. , Olayo Bernard , Adudans Steve , Ng Chin Hei , Calderon Ryan , Forgie Ella , Bachman Christine , Lieberman Daniel , Bell David , Hawkes Michael , Somoskovi Akos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionPneumonia is the leading cause of death globally in children. Supplemental oxygen reduces mortality but is not available in many low‐resource settings. Inadequate power supply to drive oxygen concentrators is a major contributor to this failure. The objectives of our study were to (a) assess the availability of therapeutic oxygen; (b) evaluate the reliability of the electrical supply; and (c) investigate the effects of suboptimal oxygen delivery on patient outcomes in selected healthcare facilities in rural Kenya.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional descriptive study on oxygen availability and descriptive case series of Kenyan children and youth hospitalized with hypoxemia.ResultsTwo of 11 facilities had no oxygen equipment and nine facilities had at least one concentrator or cylinder. Facilities had a median of seven power interruptions per week (range: 2‐147). The median duration of the power outage was 17 minutes and the longest was more than 6 days. The median proportion of time without power was out 7% (range: 1%‐58%). Fifty‐seven patients hospitalized with hypoxemia (median oxygen saturation 85% [interquartile range {IQR}: 82‐87]) were included in our case series. Patients received supplemental oxygen for a median duration of 4.6 hours (IQR: 3.0‐7.8). Eighteen patients (32%) faced an oxygen interruption of the median duration of 11 minutes (IQR: 9‐20). A back‐up cylinder was used in 5/18 (28%) cases. The case fatality rate was 11/57 (19%).ConclusionMortality due to hypoxemia remains unacceptably high in low‐resource healthcare facilities and may be associated with oxygen insecurity, related to lack of equipment and/or reliable power.
Lung biopsy in children's interstitial and diffuse lung disease: Does it alter management?
Authors: Hafezi Niloufar , Heimberger Mark A. , Lewellen Kyle A. , Maatman Thomas , Montgomery Gregory S. , Markel Troy A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionPediatric patients with acute life‐threatening consequences of interstitial and diffuse lung disease are often treated with empiric systemic corticosteroids, immune modulators, and/or broad antibiotic therapy. Histological evaluation of lung tissue represents the final necessary step in diagnosis—however, a definitive diagnosis may still remain elusive and medical therapies may not be changed following biopsy. We hypothesized that lung biopsy from pediatric patients with children's interstitial and diffuse lung disease (chILD) without a defined lesion on computed tomography (CT) imaging would guide diagnosis, but not substantially alter clinical management.MethodsAfter IRB approval, patients who underwent a lung biopsy at a single large children's hospital between 2013 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients without a defined lesion were included. Demographics, length of stay, oxygen‐requirements, steroid, unique number of immune modulators, and antibiotics prebiopsy and postbiopsy were reviewed. Nonparametric data were compared by the Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallace tests and expressed as median with interquartile range. Decision tree alterations were analyzed by t test. P < .05 was significant.ResultsSixty‐four patients underwent lung biopsy during the period. Nineteen (30%) did not have a defined lesion on CT scan, and were included. A significant difference was seen between prebiopsy, 2 weeks, and 2 months postbiopsy prednisone dosing (P = .03), while the number of unique immune modulators, antibiotics, type of oxygen support and FiO2 were not significantly different before or after obtaining biopsy results. Pathology results provided additional information in 12 of 19 (63%) patients which resulted in management changes.ConclusionsLung biopsy in chILD may guide clinical management, especially influencing the management of steroid dosing. Although on aggregate the number of antibiotics, immune modulators, mode of oxygen support and FiO2 did not differ significantly before and after biopsy, the pathologic evaluation provided diagnostic information that led to a variety of changes in therapeutic management in greater than half of the population.
Development and validation of a simple‐to‐use nomogram for predicting refractoryMycoplasma pneumoniaepneumonia in children
Authors: Cheng Siying , Lin Jilei , Zheng Xuexiang , Yan Li , Zhang Yin , Zeng Qing , Tian Daiyin , Fu Zhou , Dai Jihong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and validate a simple‐to‐use nomogram for predicting refractoryMycoplasma pneumoniaepneumonia (RMPP) in children.MethodsA total of 73 children with RMPP and 146 children with generalMycoplasma pneumoniaepneumonia were included. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were obtained. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was used to determine optimal predictors. The nomogram was plotted by multivariable logistic regression. The performance of the nomogram was assessed by calibration, discrimination, and clinical utility.ResultsThe LASSO regression analysis identified lactate dehydrogenase, albumin, neutrophil ratio, and high fever as significant predictors of RMPP. This nomogram‐illustrated model showed good discrimination, calibration, and clinical value. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the nomogram was 0.884 (95% CI, 0.823‐0.945) in the training set and 0.881 (95% CI, 0.807‐0.955) in the validating set. Calibration curve and Hosmer‐Lemeshow test showed good consistency between the predictions of the nomogram and the actual observations, and decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram was clinically useful.ConclusionA simple‐to‐use nomogram for predicting RMPP in early stage was developed and validated. This may help physicians recognize RMPP earlier.
A case‐study of a tropical low over northern Australia
Authors: Zhu Hongyan , Smith Roger K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe examine in some detail a low that intensified over land near the northern coast of Western Australia in January 2015. The study is based on European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses as well as two cloud‐permitting, six‐day, limited‐area forecasts using the UK Met Office Unified Model (UM) with 4 km horizontalgrid spacing. In one of the UM forecasts, the latent heat fluxes were suppressed over the land so as to assess the importance of soil moisture on the intensification of the low. We show that the UM forecasts perform well using the ECMWF analyses as “truth", suggesting that the forecasts can be used to learn about the details of storm behaviour. Analyses of the forecasts support the results of previous studies showing that the intensification of the low over land can be interpreted in terms of the rotating‐convection paradigm for intensification articulated in recent studies. The forecasts indicate also that high soil moisture or special soil types are not essential to vortex intensification over land, at least in a monsoonal environment.
The solvent effect on a styryl‐bodipy derivative functioning as an AND molecular logic gate
Authors: Tzeli Demeter , Petsalakis Ioannis D. , Theodorakopoulos Giannoula 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study via DFT and TDDFT calculations the photophysical processes of a styryl‐bodipy derivative, (1), of its monometallic complexes 1‐M
2+ (M = Ca, Zn, and Hg), and its trimetallic complex (2) unprotonated, protonated and complexed with water molecules in water solvent and in acidic conditions. The main targets of this study are to gain information regarding published reports on fluorophore species mentioning that fluorescent switching results from trace water, to study how 1 behaves in water solvent which is a common used solvent for molecular logic gates (MLG), and how it behaves in acidic conditions. We conclude that in water solvent, as in acetonitrile solvent (which was found before both theoretically and experimentally) there will be a quenching of emission spectra in 1 and 1‐M
2+ and a retaining of emission in 2. However, contrary to acetonitrile solvent, in water, a weak peak will be observed for 1 and 1‐M
2+, due to a small ratio of reversible protonation, showing that in acetonitrile 1 acts as a better MLG candidate than in water solvent. On the other hand, in acidic conditions all five species will emit and as a result, 1 will not be an AND MLG, showing that the selection of the solvent conditions is crucial for a species to act as an MLG candidate. Finally, we conclude that the retaining of emission is accomplished by the simultaneous tetrahedral geometry of all three aniline N atoms.
Formation‐containment control of networked collision‐free Lagrangian systems
Authors: Li Dongyu , Sam Ge Shuzhi , Ma Guangfu , He Wei , Mei Jie , Zhang Wei 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe distributed formation‐containment (DFC) problem under a directed graph is addressed for networked Euler‐Lagrange systems. First, using a leader‐follower framework, the DFC problem is properly defined. For the leaders and the followers, respectively, a DFC control law is next proposed without using velocity information. Based on the artificial potential function, all the agents can achieve the control objective satisfactorily while avoiding collisions with others as well as the obstacles in the environment. By the Lyapunov stability theory, the boundedness of the error signals is guaranteed. Simulations are finally given to show the feasibility of this approach.
A Method Suitable for Predicting the Crystal Densities of Cyclic Organic Fluorides
Authors: Wang Guixiang , Zhang Wenjing , Liu Yan , Gao Pin , Gong Xuedong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCrystal density is a basic and important parameter for predicting the detonation performance of explosives. In this study, the densities of 35 cyclic organic fluorides, a kind of compounds with wide applications, are investigated using three density functionals (B3LYP, B3PW91, M06‐2X) and six basis sets (such as 6–31G*, 6–31+G* and 6–31G**) via two approaches (A and B). Compared with the experimental results, the calculated densities by various methods are all overestimated. However, the densities obtained by M06‐2X/6‐31G* via the approach A show a good linear correlation with the experimental values, therefore, they can be systematically corrected using the correlation equation to reproduce the experimental crystal densities satisfactorily. In addition, the effects of various groups (−NO2, −CH2−, −CF(NO2)2, −CNF2(NO2)2, −CF3, −SF5, and −NF2) on the densities of organic fluorides, which is helpful for the design of new fluorine‐containing molecules in terms of requirement, have also been discussed.
Cybersecurity in Health Care
Authors: Weber Karsten , Kleine Nadine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEthical questions have always been crucial in health care; the rapid dissemination of ICT makes some of those questions even more pressing and also raises new ones. One of these new questions is cybersecurity in relation to ethics in health care. In order to more closely examine this issue, this chapter introduces Beauchamp and Childress’ four principles of biomedical ethics as well as additional ethical values and technical aims of relevance for health care. Based on this, two case studies—implantable medical devices and electronic Health Card—are presented, which illustrate potential conflicts between ethical values and technical aims as well as between ethical values themselves. It becomes apparent that these conflicts cannot be eliminated in general but must be reconsidered on a case-by-case basis. An ethical debate on cybersecurity regarding the design and implementation of new (digital) technologies in health care is essential.
Ethical and Unethical Hacking
Authors: Jaquet-Chiffelle David-Olivier , Loi Michele 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe goal of this chapter is to provide a conceptual analysis of ethical hacking, comprising history, common usage and the attempt to provide a systematic classification that is both compatible with common usage and normatively adequate. Subsequently, the article identifies a tension between common usage and a normatively adequate nomenclature. ‘Ethical hackers’ are often identified with hackers that abide to a code of ethics privileging business-friendly values. However, there is no guarantee that respecting such values is always compatible with the all-things-considered morally best act. It is recognised, however, that in terms of assessment, it may be quite difficult to determine who is an ethical hacker in the ‘all things considered’ sense, while society may agree more easily on the determination of who is one in the ‘business-friendly’ limited sense. The article concludes by suggesting a pragmatic best-practice approach for characterising ethical hacking, which reaches beyond business-friendly values and helps in the taking of decisions that are respectful of the hackers’ individual ethics in morally debatable, grey zones.
Fine mapping and gene cloning in the post-NGS era: advances and prospects
Authors: Jaganathan Deepa , Bohra Abhishek , Thudi Mahendar , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImprovement in traits of agronomic importance is the top breeding priority of crop improvement programs. Majority of these agronomic traits show complex quantitative inheritance. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) followed by fine mapping QTLs and cloning of candidate genes/QTLs is central to trait analysis. Advances in genomic technologies revolutionized our understanding of genetics of complex traits, and genomic regions associated with traits were employed in marker-assisted breeding or cloning of QTLs/genes. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have enabled genome-wide methodologies for the development of ultra-high-density genetic linkage maps in different crops, thus allowing placement of candidate loci within few kbs in genomes. In this review, we compare the marker systems used for fine mapping and QTL cloning in the pre- and post-NGS era. We then discuss how different NGS platforms in combination with advanced experimental designs have improved trait analysis and fine mapping. We opine that efficient genotyping/sequencing assays may circumvent the need for cumbersome procedures that were earlier used for fine mapping. A deeper understanding of the trait architectures of agricultural significance will be crucial to accelerate crop improvement.
Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics in patients with histopathologically proven fibrous dysplasia—a systematic review
Authors: Kinnunen Anna-Reetta , Sironen Reijo , Sipola Petri 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective
To examine the demographics, lesion location, and characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with histopathologically proven fibrous dysplasia (FD).

Materials and methods
A systematic literature search of the MRI findings in patients with histologically proven FD was performed. Altogether, 76 articles with 136 patients were evaluated.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 35.0 + − 18.5 years (range 1 month–75 years). Fifty-eight of the cases were females, 51 males, and in 27 gender was not defined. The most common locations were craniofacial (n = 55 (40%)), long bones (n = 31 (23%)), and spine (n = 24 (18%)). The monostotic form of FD was the most common. Signal intensities (SI) on T1-weighted images were predominantly hypointense (n = 46 (37%)). The SI was highly variable on T2-weighted images with hyperintensity being most common (n = 22 (18%)). Contrast enhancement was found in 75 (55%) FD patients. Secondary aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) and malignant transformation in patients without prior radiotherapy was found in some patients.

Conclusion
Current knowledge of the MRI findings in patients with FD is based mainly on case reports. SI in patients with FD is variable and contrast enhancement is common. FD may explain etiology of spinal bone tumor in some patients. FD with malignant transformation should be considered also in patients without prior radiotherapy. Further studies are needed to clarify if FD displays specific characteristics allowing it to be distinguished from other bone tumors.
Optimal allocation of defibrillator drones in mountainous regions
Authors: Wankmüller Christian , Truden Christian , Korzen Christopher , Hungerländer Philipp , Kolesnik Ewald , Reiner Gerald 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResponding to emergencies in Alpine terrain is quite challenging as air ambulances and mountain rescue services are often confronted with logistics challenges and adverse weather conditions that extend the response times required to provide life-saving support. Among other medical emergencies, sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is the most time-sensitive event that requires the quick provision of medical treatment including cardiopulmonary resuscitation and electric shocks by automated external defibrillators (AED). An emerging technology called unmanned aerial vehicles (or drones) is regarded to support mountain rescuers in overcoming the time criticality of these emergencies by reducing the time span between SCA and early defibrillation. A drone that is equipped with a portable AED can fly from a base station to the patient’s site where a bystander receives it and starts treatment. This paper considers such a response system and proposes an integer linear program to determine the optimal allocation of drone base stations in a given geographical region. In detail, the developed model follows the objectives to minimize the number of used drones and to minimize the average travel times of defibrillator drones responding to SCA patients. In an example of application, under consideration of historical helicopter response times, the authors test the developed model and demonstrate the capability of drones to speed up the delivery of AEDs to SCA patients. Results indicate that time spans between SCA and early defibrillation can be reduced by the optimal allocation of drone base stations in a given geographical region, thus increasing the survival rate of SCA patients.
Versorgungsrealität der stationären vasoaktiven Therapie mit Prostazyklinderivaten bei Patienten mit akralen Durchblutungsstörungen bei systemischer Sklerose in Deutschland
Authors: Juche A. , Siegert E. , Mueller-Ladner U. , Riemekasten G. , Günther C. , Kötter I. , Henes J. , Blank N. , Voll R. E. , Ehrchen J. , Schmalzing M. , Susok L. , Schmeiser T. , Sunderkoetter C. , Distler J. , Worm M. , Kreuter A. , Horváth O. N. , Schön M. P. , Korsten P. , Zeidler G. , Pfeiffer C. , Krieg T. , Hunzelmann N. , Moinzadeh P. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDas Raynaud-Phänomen und die damit häufig einhergehenden digitalen Ulzerationen stellen für Patienten mit systemischer Sklerose (Sklerodermie [SSc]) ein frühes und sehr belastendes Symptom mit bedeutenden Einschränkungen der Arbeitsfähigkeit und Lebensqualität dar. Der Einsatz vasoaktiver Medikamente (insbesondere intravenöser Prostazyklinderivate) soll helfen, das Risiko hypoxischer Gewebeschäden bis hin zum Verlust der Finger zu reduzieren.MethodenUm Aufschluss über die aktuelle Versorgung von Patienten mit Prostazyklinderivaten im klinischen Alltag in Deutschland zu erhalten, führten wir eine Umfrage unter den im Deutschen Netzwerk für systemische Sklerodermie (DNSS) zusammengeschlossenen Kliniken durch. Zusätzlich erfolgte eine separate Patientenbefragung über die Sklerodermie Selbsthilfe e. V., die sich nur auf die Symptome „Raynaud-Phänomen“ und „Digitale Ulzera“ und den Einsatz intravenöser Prostazyklinderivate bezog.ErgebnisseVon den befragten 433 Patienten gaben 56 % an, dass sie bereits aufgrund ihrer Erkrankung und Symptome mit Prostazyklinderivaten behandelt wurden. Insgesamt 61 % erhielten die Therapie aufgrund starker Raynaud-Symptomatik und 39 % aufgrund digitaler Ulzerationen. Die meisten Befragten erfuhren durch die Therapie nicht nur eine Verbesserung des Raynaud-Phänomens und der digitalen Ulzera, sondern auch eine wesentliche Verbesserung von Einschränkungen im Alltag. Sie gaben zudem an, wesentlich weniger fremde Hilfe in Anspruch genommen sowie wesentlich weniger Fehlzeiten bei der Arbeit gehabt zu haben.SchlussfolgerungDie Patienten empfanden durchweg einen positiven Effekt der Therapie mit Prostazyklinderivaten auf das Raynaud-Phänomen, ihre digitalen Ulzerationen, Schmerzen und Alltagseinschränkung und fühlten sich durch die stationäre Therapie gut und sicher betreut. Diese positiven Effekte in der Patientenwahrnehmung sind eine eindrückliche Stütze und bestätigen nachdrücklich die auf europäischer und internationaler Ebene erarbeiteten Therapieempfehlungen.
Modellprojekt zur interdisziplinären universitären Lehre – Studierende der Medizin und der Psychologie lernen erstmals gemeinsam
Authors: Hasseli R. , Pfeiffer S. , Kappesser J. , Hermann C. , Richter-Bastian K. , Sattler T. , Tschernatsch M. , Hoffmann U. , Müller-Ladner U. , Lange U. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungEine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit ist in der medizinischen Versorgung chronisch erkrankter Patienten mit komplexen Erkrankungen erforderlich. Vor allem im Bereich der internistischen Rheumatologie ist eine interdisziplinäre Arbeit unerlässlich, um die komplexen somatischen und psychosozialen Aspekte einer chronischen Erkrankung zu berücksichtigen. Dennoch werden die Aspekte der interprofessionellen Arbeit im Studium der Medizin und Psychologie unzureichend thematisiert. Aus diesem Grund wurde ein Modellprojekt zur interdisziplinären universitären Lehre konzipiert, welches beide Fächer miteinander vereint. Die Veranstaltung wurde im Wintersemester 2019/20 erstmalig durchgeführt und stieß bei den Teilnehmer*innen auf positive Resonanz. Das Hauptziel der Veranstaltung ist die Implementierung interprofessioneller Arbeit in die Ausbildung des medizinischen Personals. Zusätzlich konnte das Fach der internistischen Rheumatologie den Studierenden nähergebracht werden.