bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TnFLX: a third-generation mariner-based transposon system forBacillus subtilis
Authors: Dempwolff Felix , Sanchez Sandra , Kearns Daniel B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRandom transposon mutagenesis is a powerful genetic tool to answer fundamental biological questions in an unbiased approach. Here, we introduce an improvedmariner-basedtransposon system with higher stability, and with versatile applications. We take advantage of the lower frequency of unintended recombination during vector construction and propagation in a low copy number system inE. colito improve construct integrity. We generated a variety of transposons allowing for gene disruption or artificial overexpression each in combination with one of four different antibiotic resistance markers. In addition, we provide transposons that will report gene/protein expression due to transcriptional or translational coupling. We believe that the TnFLX system will help enhance flexibility of future transposon modification and application inBacillusand other organisms.ImportanceThe optimization of transposase encoding vectors in terms of stability during cloning and propagation is crucial for the reliable application of this system in any host organism. With an increased number of antibiotic resistance markers and the possibility to detect translational activity, the TnFLX transposon system will significantly help the implication of forward genetic methods in the field of cellular biology.
PUF family proteins FBF-1 and FBF-2 regulate germline stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation inC. elegans
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Ellenbecker Mary , Hickey Benjamin , Day Nicholas J. , Voronina Ekaterina 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTStem cells support tissue maintenance, but the mechanisms that balance the rate of stem cell self-renewal with differentiation at a population level remain uncharacterized. Through investigating the regulation of germline stem cells by two PUF family RNA-binding proteins FBF-1 and FBF-2 inC. elegans, we find that FBF-1 restricts differentiation, while FBF-2 promotes both proliferation and differentiation. FBFs act on a shared set of target mRNAs; however, FBF-1 destabilizes target transcripts, while FBF-2 promotes their accumulation. These regulatory differences result in complementary effects of FBFs on stem cells. We identify a mitotic cyclin as one of the targets affecting stem cell homeostasis. FBF-1-mediated translational control requires the activity of CCR4-NOT deadenylase. Distinct abilities of FBFs to cooperate with CCR4-NOT depend on protein sequences outside of the conserved PUF family RNA-binding domain. We propose that the combination of FBF activities regulates the dynamics of germline stem cell proliferation and differentiation.
Right-lateralized fronto-parietal network and phasic alertness in healthy aging
Authors: Haupt Marleen , Ruiz-Rizzo Adriana L. , Sorg Christian , Finke Kathrin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhasic alerting cues temporarily increase the brain’s arousal state. In younger and older participants, visual processing speed in a whole report task, estimated based on the theory of visual attention (TVA), is increased in cue compared to no-cue conditions. The present study assessed whether older participants’ ability to profit from warning cues is related to iFC in the cingulo-opercular and/or right fronto-parietal network. We obtained resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from 31 older participants. By combining an independent component analysis and dual regression, we investigated iFC in both networks. A voxel-wise multiple regression in older participants revealed that higher phasic alerting effects on visual processing speed were significantly associated with lower right fronto-parietal network iFC. We then compared healthy older participants to a previously reported sample of healthy younger participants to assess whether behaviour-iFC relationships are age group specific. The comparison revealed that the association between phasic alerting and cingulo-opercular network iFC is significantly lower in older than in younger adults. Additionally, it yielded a stronger association between phasic alerting and right fronto-parietal network iFC in older versus younger participants. The results support a particular role of the right fronto-parietal network in maintaining phasic alerting capabilities in aging.
Natively Oxidized Amino Acid Residues in the Spinach PS I-LHC I Supercomplex
Authors: Kale Ravindra , Sallans Larry , Frankel Laurie K. , Bricker Terry M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) production is an unavoidable byproduct of electron transport under aerobic conditions. Photosystem II (PS II), the cytochrome b6f complex and Photosystem I (PS I) are all demonstrated sources of ROS. It has been proposed that PS I produces substantial levels of a variety of ROS including 1O2, H2O2 and, possibly, , however, the site(s) of ROS production within PS I has been the subject of significant debate. We hypothesize that amino acid residues close to the sites of ROS generation will be more susceptible to oxidative modification than distant residues. In this study, we have identified oxidized amino acid residues in spinach PS I which was isolated from field-grown spinach. The modified residues were identified by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. As expected, many of the modified residues lie on the surface of the complex. However, a well-defined group of oxidized residues, both buried and surface-exposed, lead from the chl a’ of P700 to the surface of PS I. These residues (PsaB: 609F, 611E, 617M, 619W, 620L, and PsaF: 139L, 142A,143D) may identify a preferred route for ROS, probably 1O2, to egress the complex from the vicinity of P700. Additionally, two buried residues located in close proximity to A1B (PsaB:712H and 714S) were modified, which may be consistent with A1B being a source of . Surprisingly, no oxidatively modified residues were identified in close proximity to the 4Fe-FS clusters FX, FA or FB. These cofactors had been identified as a principal targets for ROS damage in the photosystem. Finally, a large number of residues located in the hydrophobic cores of Lhca1-Lhca4 are oxidatively modified. These appear to be the result of 1O2 production by the distal antennae for the photosystem.
The Pipeline for Digital Analysis of IHC Images from NSCLC Xenograft Tissues
Authors: Kandru Rachana , Desai Bina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMultiple small molecule inhibitors and immunotherapy advances have shown success by prolonging patient’s survival in NSCLC but patient with metastasis or advanced stage of cancer often experiences relapse. Cancer associated fibroblast (CAFs), a major cellular component of tumor microenvironment plays key role in shaping solid tumors. In-vitro studies have reported that CAFs can blunt the effect of targeted therapies in tumor cells. The current study focuses on evaluating the impact of stromal protection by analyzing immunohistochemistry (IHC) images from xenograft experiment. The study investigates if the HGF-driven CAF mediated stromal protection in cancer cell contributes to the development of resistance to Alectinib. We utilized QuPath, a digital software to automatize the readout of proliferation rate of tumor cells and evaluate the impact of stromal protection.
Glucose metabolism distinguishes TE from ICM fate during mammalian embryogenesis
Authors: Chi Fangtao , Sharpley Mark S. , Nagaraj Raghavendra , Roy Shubhendu Sen , Banerjee Utpal 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe mouse embryo undergoes compaction at the 8-cell stage and its transition to 16 cells generates polarity such that the outer apical cells are trophectoderm (TE) precursors and the inner cell mass (ICM) gives rise to the embryo. We report here, that this first cell fate specification event is controlled by glucose metabolism. Glucose does not fuel mitochondrial ATP (energy) generation and glycolysis is dispensable for blastocyst formation. Glucose does not help synthesize amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleobases. Instead, glucose metabolized by the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) allows nuclear localization of YAP1, and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), along with sphingolipid (S1P) signaling, activates mTOR and allows translation of AP-2γ. YAP1, TEAD4 and AP-2γ physically interact to form a nuclear complex that controls TE-specific gene transcription. Glucose signaling has no role in ICM specification, but this cascade of events constituting “Developmental Metabolism” specifically controls the fate of TE cells.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (E)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one
Authors: Daoui Said , Baydere Cemile , El Kalai Fouad , Saddik Rafik , Dege Necmi , Karrouchi Khalid , Benchat Noureddine 
Published: October 2019

In the title compound, C13H14N2O3, the dihydropyridazine ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.166 Å) has a screw-boat conformation. The dihedral angle between its mean plane and the benzene ring is 0.77 (12)°. In the crystal, intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds generate C(5) chains and N—H...O hydrogen bonds produce R
2
2(8) motifs. These types of interactions lead to the formation of layers parallel to (12\overline{1}). The three-dimensional network is achieved by C—H...O interactions, including R
2
4(8) motifs. Intermolecular interactions were additionally investigated using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots. The most significant contributions to the crystal packing are by H...H (43.3%), H...C/C...H (19.3%), H...O/H...O (22.6%), C...N/N...C (3.0%) and H...N/N...H (5.8%) contacts. C—H...π interactions and aromatic π–π stacking interactions are not observed.
Quality of Life and Emotional Distress in Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Hiramatsu Takeyuki , Okumura Shota , Asano Yuko , Mabuchi Masatsuna , Iguchi Daiki , Furuta Shinji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCardiovascular disease‐associated morbidity and mortality are reportedly higher in hemodialysis (HD) patients compared with peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. However, few studies have estimated changes in state of depression and cognitive impairment in patients undergoing HD and PD. The present study evaluated the impact of HD or PD on patients' quality of life (QoL), cognitive impairment, and depression status over 2 years. This 24‐month observational, prospective study included 45 HD and 30 PD patients. Patients were assessed before and every 12 months after starting dialysis for 24 months. Measurements included QoL (36‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey [SF‐36]), cognitive impairment (Mini‐Mental State Examination [MMSE]), depressive state (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES‐D]), grip strength, and 24‐h urine volume (UV). Physical and social component scores of the SF‐36 significantly improved in PD patients at 24 months compared with those observed at baseline (42.8 vs. 39.4; P < 0.05 and 46.4 vs. 37.3; P < 0.05, respectively); however, scores remained unchanged in HD patients. MMSE scores were significantly decreased at 12 and 24 months in HD patients (29.0 vs. 26.0, 25.0; P < 0.05), but remained unchanged in PD patients. Moreover, CES‐D scores significantly worsened at 24 months in HD patients (12.8 vs. 16.5), but remained unchanged in PD. Preservation of UV and grip strength was associated with SF‐36, CES‐D, and MMSE scores. Our findings indicate that PD is associated with higher QoL and recovery from cognitive failure compared with HD.
Washington's privatization of liquor: effects on household alcohol purchases from Initiative 1183
Authors: Barnett Sarah Beth L. , Coe Norma B. , Harris Jeffrey R. , Basu Anirban 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsWashington Initiative 1183 (I‐1183), a 2012 law that privatized liquor retail sales and distribution in Washington State, USA, has had two opposing effects on liquor purchases: it has increased access to liquor and imposed new fees on retailers and distributors. This study aimed to estimate the effect of I‐1183 on monthly alcohol purchases during the post‐I‐1183 period (June 2012–December 2014) compared with the pre‐I‐1183 period (January 2010–May 2012).DesignDifferences‐in‐differences studySetting and participantsThe study included households participating in the Nielsen Consumer Panel Dataset living in metropolitan and surrounding areas in Washington State and 10 control states.MeasurementsOutcomes were alcohol purchases by type (ounces of liquor, wine, beer and total alcohol or ethanol).FindingsI‐1183 was associated with a 6.34‐ounce (P < 0.001) and a 2.01‐ounce (P < 0.001) increase in monthly liquor and ethanol purchases, respectively, per household in the post‐policy period spanning 31 months compared with monthly purchases in control states. In a longitudinal subgroup analysis, low and moderate alcohol purchasers increased monthly purchases of ethanol and high purchasers decreased purchases of ethanol.ConclusionsEnacting 'Washington Initiative 1183', a law that privatized sale and distribution of liquor and imposed new fees on retailers and distributors, appears to have been associated with an approximate 82% increase in monthly liquor purchases and 26% increase in monthly ethanol purchases by households in metropolitan and surrounding areas in Washington State, USA.
Room temperature/Corcoran/Dow Corning™—Silicone plastination process
Authors: Starchik Dmitry , Henry Robert W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor 20 years, the cold temperature/S10/von Hagens' plastination technique was used to preserve biological specimens without challenge. It became the “gold standard” for preservation of beautiful, dry biological specimens. Near the end of the 21st century, a group from the University of Michigan and environs and Dow Corning™, USA, combined silicone ingredients, similar to the von Hagens' plastination products, however in a different sequence. The new polymer (Cor‐tech) was combined with the cross‐linker to design the “impregnation mix” which would invade the cellular structure of the specimen and yet was stable at room temperature. Later, curing would be by application of the catalyst onto the impregnated specimen. This unique sequencing of products would become the “Room temperature/Dow Corning™/Corcoran—Silicone plastination technique.” The results of this room temperature technique provided similar plastinates, beautiful and practical for demonstration, containing no toxic chemical residues and forever preserved. As the name implies, impregnation of this silicone mix could be done at room temperature, without having to be kept cold. Both processes (cold and room temperature) required the same four basic steps for plastination. As well, both processes used similar basic polymers and additives to produce plastinates. However, they were combined in a different sequence. Cold temperature combines polymer and catalyst/chain extender, which is not stable and therefore must be kept colder than −15°C, while room temperature combines polymer with cross‐linker which is stable, and likely forever.
Screening for small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses
Authors: Hansen Ditte N. , Odgaard Helle S. , Uldbjerg Niels , Sinding Marianne , Sørensen Anne 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionIt is well established that correct antenatal identification of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses reduces their risk of adverse perinatal outcome with long‐term consequences. Ultrasound estimates of fetal weight (EFWus) are the ultimate tool for this identification. It can be conducted as a “universal screening”, that is, all pregnant women at a specific gestational age. However, in Denmark it is conducted as “selective screening”, that is, only on clinical indication. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the Danish national SGA screening program and the consequences of false‐positive and false‐negative SGA cases.Material and methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we included 2928 women with singleton pregnancies with due dates in 2015. We defined “risk of SGA” by an EFWus ≤ −15% of expected for the gestational age and “SGA” as birthweight ≤−22% of expected for gestational age.ResultsAt birth, the prevalence of SGA was 3.3%. The overall sensitivity of the Danish screening program was 62% at a false‐positive rate of 5.6%. Within the entire cohort, 63% had an EFWus compared with 79% of the SGA cases. The sensitivity was 79% for those born before 37 weeks of gestation but only 40% for those born after 40 weeks of gestation. The sensitivity was also associated with birthweight deviation; 73% among extreme SGA cases (birthweight deviation ≤−33%) and 55% among mild SGA (birthweight deviation between −22% and −27%). False diagnosis of SGA was associated with an increased rate of induction of labor (ORadj = 2.51, 95% CI 1.70‐3.71) and cesarean section (ORadj = 1.44, 95% CI 0.96‐2.18).ConclusionsThe performance of the Danish national screening program for SGA based on selective EFWus on clinical indication has improved considerably over the last 20 years. Limitations of the program are the large proportion of women referred to ultrasound scan and the low performance post‐term.
Effect of different biocompatible implant materials on the mechanical stability of dental implants under excessive oblique load
Authors: Bataineh Khaled , Al Janaideh Mohammad 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMetallic implants such as titanium are much harder than the neighboring bone. This high difference may generate larger stress at the bone‐implant interface during load transfer which leads to implant failure. The use of biocompatible polymer such as CRF‐polyether ether ketone (PEEK) with strength comparable with the bone might lead to lower and better stress distribution to the supporting peri‐implant bone.PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of using carbon reinforced PEEK composite material for fixture/abutment on stress distribution in peri‐implant bone.Materials and MethodsThree‐dimensional (3D) model of dental implant placed in the first mandibular molar is constructed from computed tomography scan. Five distinct models using a combination of titanium, CRF‐PEEK, lithium disilicate for implant/abutment materials are studied. 3D finite element analysis (FEA) is used to evaluate the stress distribution at implant‐bone interface under excessive oblique load. The physical interaction between several contacting bodies is numerically investigated. The effect of friction coefficients between the indenter and occlusal surface and between the implant and peri‐implant bone is determined.ResultsFEA results show that there is no significant difference in the distribution pattern of stress at implant‐bone interface among the different material models studied. The highest maximum and lowest minimum principal stresses were always located in the cortical bone and never in the cancellous bone which is consistent with the existing literature. Off‐axis loading can result in unfavorable forces on the implant, jeopardizing the long‐term success because of excessive lateral loads. Current FEA results agree with previously published work.ConclusionSubstitution of titanium implant by PEEK implant does not provide any advantages in regards to better stress distribution to the peri‐implant bone. The strain thresholds of Frost's mechanostat theory that are suitable for long bone could not be applied for alveolar bone.
MOVE MORE, GAIN LESS: EFFECT OF A RECREATIONAL TRAIL SYSTEM ON CHILDHOOD BMI
Authors: Kim Bongkyun , Thomsen Michael R. , Nayga Rodolfo M. , Fang Di , Goudie Anthony 
Published: October 2019

We investigate the effect of residential proximity to recreational trails on childhood body mass index (BMI). We find that children living within 0.5 miles of recreational trails have BMI z‐scores that are 0.0412 to 0.0507 standard deviations lower than those who do not live within 0.5 miles of trails. We also find that living nearby trails reduces the probability of becoming obese by 1.6 percentage points. The impact for BMI z‐score is larger for children qualifying for free or reduced‐price meals and for Hispanic children. These findings suggest that improving neighborhood amenities conducive to physical activity may help reduce disparities in childhood obesity. (JEL I10, R10)
Can intensity in strength training change caloric expenditure? Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: João Gustavo Allegretti , Rodriguez Daniel , Tavares Lucas D. , Carvas Junior Nelson , Miranda Maria Luiza , Reis Victor M. , Bocalini Danilo Sales , Baker Julien S. , Figueira Aylton J. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIntroductionStrength training (ST) is considered an important strategy for maintaining body weight, as it promotes an increase in total energy expenditure (EE). However, the combination and manipulation of variables (intensity and volume) allow for different training adaptations. However, it remains unclear as to what is the most important variable between volume or intensity for example number of sets, repetitions, or total load for maximizing EE during ST. Several studies have analyzed the EE response in ST, but still unclear the variable is able to increase EE in the ST.ObjectiveThis review aimed to investigate the effect of ST on EE in adults using a systematic literature review and subsequent meta‐analysis.MethodsThe search was performed on the electronic databases using the following keywords: strength training (resistance training; strength training; strength training method) and energy expenditure (energy metabolism; energy expenditure; caloric expenditure, caloric cost) with ‘AND’ and ‘OR’ combination. Manual searches of references were also conducted for additional relevant studies. After evaluating the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the selected studies were analysed according to strength training methods and the training variables used to measure EE.ResultsWe identified two ST methods from the literature review: circuit training (CT) and traditional training (TT). Meta‐analysis showed a significant effect on EE increase, which favour TT when compared with CT [−0·99 (95%CI: −1·96, −0·02), P<0·01] with I2 of 89% (P<0·01). After adjusting for bias risk, no significant differences were found in EE associated with intensity [−0·40, 95% CI (0·98, 0·18), P = 0·18).ConclusionThe present review and meta‐analysis indicated that the intensity of exercise does not seem to be associated with an increase of EE in ST.