bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charismatic Christianity's Hard Cultural Forms and the Local Patterning of the Divine Voice in Ghana
Authors: Dulin John 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTIn Ghana, many Charismatic Christians see their spiritual lives as very different from those of “Traditionalists,” practitioners of Ghana's indigenous religion. This article argues that, while there are differences in how each group experiences spirit or divinity, their spiritual experiences share much in common due to, what Strathern calls, “partial connections.” Charismatic Christian spiritual experiences stand out in creating a rupture with the preceding context and highlighting the qualities of inner thought. By contrast, spiritual experiences of Traditionalists give less attention to inner thoughts. Also, they are less characterized by rupture and more by contextual continuity. However, there are patterns of experience these two ritual communities hold in common. Both Charismatic Christian and Traditionalists experience the divine as exerting difficult‐to‐resist pressure. Also, members of both communities tend to blur the line between mental and sensory experience of spiritual entities. I argue that overlapping elements of their shared cultural lifeworld help constitute these common experiential patterns. This article shows that, in some cases, cultural forms with distinct origins interact in a semi‐coherent way to shape the texture of experience. In doing so, it contributes to anthropological thinking on cultural change that occurs at the intersection of local and global cultural forms. [religious experience, indigenous religion, Charismatic Christianity, Ghana]
Longitudinal changes over three years in sex steroid hormone levels in women aged 70 years and over
Authors: Islam Rakibul M. , Bell Robin J. , Handelsman David J , Robinson Penelope J. , Wolfe Rory , Davis Susan R ,   the ASPREE Investigator Group
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveSex steroid levels in women vary with increasing age from the age of 70 years (70+). Whether this reflects change within individuals with age or a survival advantage is not known. This study aimed to determine the stability of circulating sex steroids and SHBG over time in individual women aged 70+.DesignA prospective cohort study.Participants400 women, aged 70+ not using any sex steroid, anti‐androgen/oestrogen or glucocorticoid therapy.Main outcome measurementsSex steroid concentrations, measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) by immunoassay, in paired blood samples drawn 3 years apart and analysed together.Results400 women, median (IQR) age 78.0 (8.6) years, were included in the analysis. Mean testosterone concentrations were statistically significantly higher in follow‐up samples compared with baseline. The change was modest (mean change 31 pmol/L, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.4–59.8; p = .034), and an increase was not observed in all women. There was a statistically significant decline in mean body mass index (mean change −0.4 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.6 to −0.3; p < .001) and a significant increase in the mean serum SHBG concentration (mean change 4.0 nmol/L, 95% CI 2.7–5.4; p < .001). The change observed in testosterone was not explained by the observed change in SHBG. There was no significant change in the mean oestrone or dehydroepiandrosterone concentration.ConclusionsTestosterone concentrations in women aged 70+ were more likely to increase than decrease. Whether increasing testosterone concentrations in older women confer a survival advantage needs investigation.
Strategies for the use of Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761®, in the treatment and management of mild cognitive impairment in Asia: Expert consensus
Authors: Kandiah Nagaendran , Chan Yee Fai , Chen Christopher , Dasig Darwin , Dominguez Jacqueline , Han Seol‐Heui , Jia Jianping , Kim SangYun , Limpawattana Panita , Ng Li‐Ling , Nguyen Dinh Toan , Ong Paulus Anam , Raya‐Ampil Encarnita , Saedon Nor'izzati , Senanarong Vorapun , Setiati Siti , Singh Harjot , Suthisisang Chuthamanee , Trang Tong Mai , Turana Yuda , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Yong Fee Mann , Youn Yong Chul , Ihl Ralf 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a neurocognitive state between normal cognitive aging and dementia, with evidence of neuropsychological changes but insufficient functional decline to warrant a diagnosis of dementia. Individuals with MCI are at increased risk for progression to dementia; and an appreciable proportion display neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), also a known risk factor for dementia. Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is thought to be an underdiagnosed contributor to MCI/dementia. The Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761®, is increasingly being used for the symptomatic treatment of cognitive disorders with/without CVD, due to its known neuroprotective effects and cerebrovascular benefits.AimsTo present consensus opinion from the ASian Clinical Expert group on Neurocognitive Disorders (ASCEND) regarding the role of EGb 761® in MCI.Materials & MethodsThe ASCEND Group reconvened in September 2019 to present and critically assess the current evidence on the general management of MCI, including the efficacy and safety of EGb 761® as a treatment option.ResultsEGb 761® has demonstrated symptomatic improvement in at least four randomized trials, in terms of cognitive performance, memory, recall and recognition, attention and concentration, anxiety, and NPS. There is also evidence that EGb 761® may help delay progression from MCI to dementia in some individuals.DiscussionEGb 761® is currently recommended in multiple guidelines for the symptomatic treatment of MCI. Due to its beneficial effects on cerebrovascular blood flow, it is reasonable to expect that EGb 761® may benefit MCI patients with underlying CVD.ConclusionAs an expert group, we suggest it is clinically appropriate to incorporate EGb 761® as part of the multidomain intervention for MCI.
Jens Ove Andreasen, 1935‐2020 Father of Dental Traumatology
Authors: Andersson Lars , Bakland Leif K. , Heithersay Geoffrey S. , Lauridsen Eva 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe life and professional contributions to dental traumatology of Dr. Jens Ove Andreasen are described in terms of his research, writing, teaching, and leadership.
A potential role for Botryosphaeria parva (Anamorph Neofusicoccum parvum) in plane tree (Platanus orientalis) decline in İstanbul, Turkey
Authors: Kurbetli İlker , Aydoğdu Mehmet , Sülü Görkem , Woodward Stephen , Demirci Fikret 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDieback and trunk canker symptoms were observed on centenarian plane trees (Platanus orientalis) in Gezi Park and Dolmabahçe Avenue in İstanbul province of Turkey in August 2015. Reddish‐brown canker lesions covered approximately half of the tree trunk, from roots to top of the trees. The external symptoms were chlorosis, defoliation and dieback, and most of the affected trees were leafless. Three fungal species were isolated from necrotic root and stem tissues and identified as Botryosphaeria parva (Anamorph Neofusicoccum parvum), Neopestalotiopsis clavispora and Diaporthe foeniculina (Anamorph Phomopsis theicola) by morphological characteristics and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the β‐tubulin (β‐tub) gene regions. Inoculations on two‐year‐old P. orientalis seedlings demonstrated that all three species were pathogenic, but B. parva caused the largest lesions on stems of plane seedlings. Dual inoculations did not show any synergism in pathogenicity. This paper is the first report of B. parva, N. clavispora and D. foeniculina causing root rot and stem canker of plane trees in Turkey, and probably worldwide.
Transgenic rats expressing dominant negative BMAL1 showed circadian clock amplitude reduction and rapid recovery from jet lag
Authors: Minami Yoichi , Yoshikawa Tomoko , Nagano Mamoru , Koinuma Satoshi , Morimoto Tadamitsu , Fujioka Atsuko , Furukawa Keiichi , Ikegami Keisuke , Tatemizo Atsuhiro , Egawa Kentaro , Tamaru Teruya , Taniguchi Taizo , Shigeyoshi Yasufumi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe circadian rhythms are endogenous rhythms of about 24 h, and are driven by the circadian clock. The clock centre locates in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Light signals from the retina shift the circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, but there is a robust part of the suprachiasmatic nucleus that causes jet lag after an abrupt shift of the environmental lighting condition. To examine the effect of attenuated circadian rhythm on the duration of jet lag, we established a transgenic rat expressing BMAL1 dominant negative form under control by mouse Prnp‐based transcriptional regulation cassette [BMAL1 DN (+)]. The transgenic rats became active earlier than controls, just after light offset. Compared to control rats, BMAL1 DN (+) rats showed smaller circadian rhythm amplitudes in both behavioural and Per2 promoter driven luciferase activity rhythms. A light pulse during the night resulted in a larger phase shift of behavioural rhythm. Furthermore, at an abrupt shift of the light‐dark cycle, BMAL1 DN (+) rat showed faster entrainment to the new light‐dark cycle compared to controls. The circadian rhythm has been regarded as a limit cycle phenomenon, and our results support the hypothesis that modification of the amplitude of the circadian limit cycle leads to alteration in the length of the phase shift.
In vivo glial trans‐differentiation for neuronal replacement and functional recovery in central nervous system
Authors: Qian Cheng , Dong Bryan , Wang Xu‐Yang , Zhou Feng‐Quan 
Published: December 2020

The adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is deficient in intrinsic machineries to replace neurons lost in injuries or progressive degeneration. Various types of these neurons constitute neural circuitries wired to support vital sensory, motor, and cognitive functions. Based on the pioneer studies in cell lineage conversion, one promising strategy is to convert in vivo glial cells into neural progenitors or directly into neurons that can be eventually rewired for functional recovery. We first briefly summarize the well‐studied regeneration‐capable CNS in the zebrafish, focusing on their postinjury spontaneous reprogramming of the retinal Müller glia (MG). We then compare the signaling transductions, and transcriptional and epigenetic regulations in the zebrafish MGs with their mammalian counterparts, which perpetuate certain barriers against proliferation and neurogenesis and thus fail in MG‐to‐progenitor conversion. Next, we discuss emerging evidence from mouse studies, in which the in vivo glia‐to‐neuron conversion could be achieved with sequential or one‐step genetic manipulations, such as the conversions from retinal MGs to interneurons, photoreceptors, or retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), as well as the conversions from midbrain astrocytes to dopaminergic or GABAergic neurons. Some of these in vivo studies showed considerable coverage of subtypes in the newly induced neurons and partial reestablishment in neural circuits and functions. Importantly, we would like to point out some crucial technical concerns that need to be addressed to convincingly show successful glia‐to‐neuron conversion. Finally, we present challenges and future directions in the field for better neural function recovery.
Manumission, custom, and the laws of slavery and freedom in Latin America
Authors: Chira Adriana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAt the turn of the 19th century, across most regions of Latin America, free people of color outnumbered the enslaved. Even in the Western Hemisphere's last societies to abolish slavery, Cuba and Brazil, the only exceptions to this pattern, the size of the free population of color in some regions increased throughout the 1800s. This demographic sector emerged and expanded primarily through manumission. This article examines recent scholarly attention to freedom litigation which has shown manumission's deep entanglements in custom, unwritten negotiations between enslavers and enslaved. Customary arrangements for manumission took a variety of local forms that courts often recognized even when they misaligned with written law. Custom's privileged status within the Iberian‐Atlantic legal regime and a fragmented local elite that could not control it placed some power in the hands of enslaved people in some areas of Latin America. Moreover, through its orality and embedding in local social relations, custom also offered a low entry point into the justice system for subaltern sectors. In Latin America, the Age of Emancipation was not just a time of conflict over liberalism's potential to free enslaved people. It was also an age of conflict over custom's liberatory capacity, and as such, an age of popular legalism.
Stable Discovery of Interpretable Subgroups via Calibration in Causal Studies
Authors: Dwivedi Raaz , Tan Yan Shuo , Park Briton , Wei Mian , Horgan Kevin , Madigan David , Yu Bin 
Published: December 2020

SummaryBuilding on Yu and Kumbier's predictability, computability and stability (PCS) framework and for randomised experiments, we introduce a novel methodology for Stable Discovery of Interpretable Subgroups via Calibration (StaDISC), with large heterogeneous treatment effects. StaDISC was developed during our re‐analysis of the 1999–2000 VIGOR study, an 8076‐patient randomised controlled trial that compared the risk of adverse events from a then newly approved drug, rofecoxib (Vioxx), with that from an older drug naproxen. Vioxx was found to, on average and in comparison with naproxen, reduce the risk of gastrointestinal events but increase the risk of thrombotic cardiovascular events. Applying StaDISC, we fit 18 popular conditional average treatment effect (CATE) estimators for both outcomes and use calibration to demonstrate their poor global performance. However, they are locally well‐calibrated and stable, enabling the identification of patient groups with larger than (estimated) average treatment effects. In fact, StaDISC discovers three clinically interpretable subgroups each for the gastrointestinal outcome (totalling 29.4% of the study size) and the thrombotic cardiovascular outcome (totalling 11.0%). Complementary analyses of the found subgroups using the 2001–2004 APPROVe study, a separate independently conducted randomised controlled trial with 2587 patients, provide further supporting evidence for the promise of StaDISC.
The effects of lockdown measures due to COVID‐19 pandemic on burn cases
Authors: Akkoç Mehmet Fatih , Bülbüloğlu Semra , Özdemir Mehmet 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of lockdown measures implemented due to COVID‐19 on aetiology, sociodemographic characteristics, and clinical status of burn cases. This study was carried out retrospectively at the Burn Unit of Dicle University Medical Faculty Hospital. The burn cases during the COVID‐19 outbreak were compared with those of the previous 2 years. Statistical analyses were carried out using the IBM SPSS (Statistics Package for Social Sciences) Statistics 25. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t‐test, Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test, and Shapiro‐Wilk test were used for data evaluation. Results were evaluated at 95% confidence interval and P < .05 significance level. It was determined that burn cases were reduced by half during the COVID‐19 compared to the previous 2 years. Despite the increase in the number of third‐degree burns and surgeries, it was determined that the length of hospital stay decreased by an average of two thirds. Hot liquids have been identified as the most important cause of burns in all years. New studies should be conducted in order to examine the social dimension of COVID‐19 pandemic in burn cases and to prevent these cases completely. The short hospital stay preferred by clinicians after COVID‐19 and possible problems that may arise should be investigated.
Isolated systolic hypertension and central blood pressure: Implications from the national nutrition and health survey in Taiwan
Authors: Chuang Shao‐Yuan , Chang Hsing‐Yi , Tsai Tsung‐Ying , Cheng Hao‐Min , Pan Wen‐Harn , Chen Chen‐Huan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the association between isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and central blood pressure (BP) in a nationally representative population, with a focus on the young and middle‐aged adults (<50 years old). A total of 2029 adults without taking antihypertensive medications, aged ≥ 19 years old, participated in the 2013–2016 National Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan. Central and brachial BP were simultaneously measured using a cuff‐based stand‐alone central blood pressure monitor purporting to measure invasive central BP (type II device). Central hypertension was defined by central systolic (SBP)/diastolic BP (DBP) ≥130 or 90 mm Hg, and ISH was defined by brachial SBP ≥ 140 and DBP < 90 mm Hg. Overall, the prevalence rates of ISH, isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH, brachial SBP < 140 and DBP ≥ 90 mmHg), and systolic/diastolic hypertension (SDH, brachial SBP ≥ 140 and DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) were 6.51%, 1.92%, and 4.34%, respectively. ISH subjects had significantly higher central pulse pressure (PP) (62.8 ± 9.7 mm Hg for age < 50 years and 72.4 ± 13.5 mmHg for age ≥ 50 years) than those subjects with either IDH (44.7 ± 10.7 and 44.9 ± 10.6 mmHg) or SDH (55.2 ± 14.0 and 62.6 ± 17.1 mmHg). All ISH adults had central hypertension, and a higher prevalence of central obesity than the normotensives (80.95% vs. 26.15%, for age < 50 years; and 63.96% vs. 43.37% for age ≥ 50 years). All untreated subjects with ISH, whether younger or older, had central hypertension and had significantly higher central PP than those with IDH or SDH. Central obesity was one of the major characteristics of ISH, especially in the young‐ and middle‐aged adults.
Trauma, social media, and #WhyIDidntReport: An analysis of twitter posts about reluctance to report sexual assault
Authors: Whiting Jason B. , Pickens Jaclyn Cravens , Sagers Abby Luthi , PettyJohn Morgan , Davies Bria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent social trends regarding sexual violence and gender have included elements of “hashtag activism,” which involves using social media tools for cultural awareness and change. For example, the Twitter hashtag: #WhyIDidntReport was created for survivors of sexual victimization to share their barriers to reporting. In this project, 600 tweets attached to this hashtag were analyzed using a combination of grounded theory and content analysis methods. Results were organized into a conceptual map, with a central category (power), connected to three other ecological categories (culture, community systems, and relationships) and one category of survivor experiences. Each category has subcategories which illustrate certain contextual and internal barriers to reporting assault. The model shows how these barriers intersect and interact, and often further traumatize those who have been assaulted. The model offers implications for professionals working with those who have survived sexual trauma, as well as those studying the dynamics of abuse.
Contact sensitization to cosmetic series of allergens in female patients with rosacea: A prospective controlled study in China
Authors: Chen Bangtao , Yu Fubing , Chen WenChieh , Yao Zhengqiu , Yang Xi , Zhang Daojun , Hao Fei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis to cosmetics (ACDC) complicates the diagnosis and treatment of rosacea, and is increasingly observed in daily practice.AimsThe present study aimed to identify the contact allergens responsible for ACDC in Chinese female rosacea patients with or without suspected ACDC (SACDC).MethodsFrom a total of 1267 women with rosacea, 122 with SACDC, 145 without SACDC, and 100 age‐matched healthy controls without rosacea or SACDC were examined on a voluntary basis. Skin patch tests with C‐1000 cosmetic series (Chemotechnique Diagnostics, Malmo, Sweden) were conducted, including 20 selected allergens.ResultsPositive allergic reaction was found in 85.2% and 33.8% of SACDC and non‐SACDC (P < .001), respectively, and 27.0% of healthy volunteers. Most reactions occurred at day 3, and the majority of all the examinees including normal controls reacted to more than 1 allergen. In SACDC patients, leading allergens were methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (28.7%), linalool hydroperoxide (27.1%), fragrance mix I (21.3%), methylisothiazolinone (17.2%), limonene hydroperoxides (16.4%), formaldehyde (14.8%), myroxylon pereirae (13.9%), and propolis (10.7%); the overall allergic reaction rate positively correlated with new onset of facial pruritus (P < .001). The occurrence of irritant contact reactions correlated with positive allergic reactions in rosacea patients with or without SACDC (P = .032 or P < .001, respectively).ConclusionsPreservatives and fragrances are primary culprits for ACDC in Chinese female rosacea patients. Patch testing should be considered in the suspected patients.
Caring for patients at home after acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A phenomenological study of family caregivers’ experiences
Authors: Bagnasco Annamaria , Rosa Francesca , Dasso Nicoletta , Aleo Giuseppe , Catania Gianluca , Zanini Milko , Rocco Gennaro , Turci Carlo , Ghirotto Luca , Hayter Mark , Sasso Loredana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo understand the experiences and support needs of informal caregivers of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who return home following an acute exacerbation.BackgroundThe presence of an informal caregiver is important to provide practical and emotional support after an episode of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, caregiving in such circumstances can be challenging and stressful.DesignPhenomenology.MethodsThis is a phenomenological study based on semi‐structured interviews with sixteen primary caregivers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Interview data were analysed using Colaizzi's descriptive analysis framework, to identify significant themes and sub‐themes. Data were collected between April‐December 2017 in a Teaching Hospital in Italy. The study was designed and reported following the COREQ guidelines and checklist.ResultsAnalysis elicited five themes embracing various aspects of the caregivers’ lived experiences: (a) a home disrupted, (b) living with constant vigilance and anxiety, (c) feeling the need to escape (d) self‐justifications for caregiving role/duty, and (e) feeling abandoned by professionals.ConclusionsOur results show that carers experience a range of difficulties when caring for their relative at home with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Some of these are linked to the physical disruption of their home but many are linked to feelings of inability to cope and the psycho‐social impact of the caring role. The study also shows how participants felt unsupported by professionals. Focused support for carers is required to enable them to meet these challenges.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare professionals should be trained to provide technical and psychological support to caregivers especially during the phases of disease that may involve episodes of exacerbation. Home care and continuity of care can work if there is excellent communication and collaboration between healthcare professionals and caregivers. Developing appropriate support for family caregivers is essential to address the problems they can face.