bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Setting time and compression strength of low-calcium fly ash geopolymer paste with non-calcined red soil substitution in ambient curing
Authors: Simatupang P H , Nine V , Sinaga A E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper describes the research of the effects of non-calcined red soil substitution in low-calcium fly ash geopolymer paste in ambient curing. Mechanical characteristics observed were setting time and compression strength. The non-calcined red soil substitutions were varied i.e 0%, 5%, 25% and 50% of mass of fly ash. The alkaline solutions used were natrium silicate solution and natrium hydroxide solution 10 M with mass ratios 1:1 and 2:1. The results show that the higher the substitution of non-calcined red soil the longer the initial and final time setting of the geopolymer paste. Meanwhile, the higher the substitution of non-calcined red soil the lower the compression strength of the geopolymer paste. Furthermore, geopolymer paste with ratio of Na2SiO3 / NaOH = 2.0 will has longer initial and final setting than geopolymer paste with ratio of Na2SiO3 / NaOH = 1.0. Geopolymer paste with ratio of Na2SiO3 / NaOH = 2.0 will has higher compression strength than geopolymer paste with ratio of Na2SiO3 / NaOH = 1.0. All the relationships between the substitution of non-calcined red soil and setting time or compression strength of geopolymer paste can be drawn in exponential function.
The use of natural fiber from oil palm empty fruit bunches for soft soil stabilization
Authors: Arifin Y F , Misnawati  , Normelani E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The use of natural fiber as a construction material, especially soil stabilization continues to grow. This paper focuses on the use of natural fiber to increase shear strength and bearing capacity of soft soil. The fiber used is obtained from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) as a by-product of palm oil mills. Soft soil mixed with fiber with a composition of 5, 6, 7, and 8% fiber in the mixture. Some tests such as the standard compaction test, unconfined compression test, laboratory vane test, and California Bearing Ratio test were carried out. The results show that the soft soil used in this study can be compacted at fiber content higher than 5%. The maximum density obtained is 0.92 g/cm3 at 7% fiber content. The compacted soil-EFB mixtures successfully increase the shear strength and bearing capacity of the soft soil shown by the results of the UCT, laboratory vane, and CBR tests. The soil consistency changes from soft to medium soil. The maximum qu, su, and CBR obtained are 0.8 kg/cm2, 0.65 kg/cm2, and 6%, respectively at optimum fiber content of 6 to 7%.
Barriers and critical success factors towards sustainable hazardous waste management in electronic industries – A review
Authors: Chin Y H , Yong H N A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study reviews existing literature to determine the barriers and critical success factors (CSFs) towards sustainable hazardous waste management in electronic industries. Sustainable hazardous waste management can considerably reduce the volume of wastes going to landfill sites and can therefore reduce the burden to the environment in terms of pollution prevention and greenhouse gaseous reduction. This goal is achievable through efforts, such as waste recovery, waste-to-energy technology and waste-to-raw material conversion. Hazardous waste in Malaysia mainly comes from recovery facilities, metal refinery, metal finishing and coating, cement manufacturing, petroleum refinery and chemical, electrical and electronic industry. The electrical and electronic industry is a major contributor of hazardous waste generated in Malaysia. Some hazardous wastes, such as heavy metal sludge, generated by electrical and electronic industries can be utilised as alternative fuel for cement industries. The residue produced subsequently can be utilised as raw material for cement manufacturing. Despite the economic and environmental benefits of sustainable hazardous waste management efforts amongst industries, they remain relatively weak. The identified barriers include (1) complexity of legal requirements, (2) lack of systems and tools, (3) hazardous waste quantity and quality, (4) lack of awareness about environmental and sustainability issues, (5) poor partnership/networking, (6) public resistance, (7) financial constraints, (8) lack of information and (9) insufficient environmental resources. Nevertheless, the benefits gained from adopting sustainable hazardous waste management will continuously encourage an increasing number of organisations to devote efforts onto it. The success of this initiative depends on a few critical factors, including (1) readiness of hazardous waste beneficiary, (2) economic and environmental benefits, (3) stakeholders’ pressure, (4) adoption of ISO14001, (5) effects on corporate image, (6) commitment from the top management and (7) incentives and reward.
Determining predictor variables of HC, CO, and CO2 emissions using decision tree models
Authors: Larasati A , Chen Y W , Hajji A M , Mahardika A F P , Darmawan V E B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
HC, CO, and CO2 are three gasses emitted from heavy duty construction equipment, such as backhoe that contain carbon and hugely affect the environment. This research aims to determine predictor variables of HC, CO, and CO2 emissions level using decision tree. The emissions level is categorized into three classes: low, medium, and high. The predictor variables decision tree are related to the backhoe operation and specification, including backhoe type, engine technology tier, RPM, MAP, horsepower, backhoe age, and intake temperature. This study runs 12 cycles for each model to classify HC, CO, and CO2 level. The results indicate that each gas has a different order of the important level for the predictor variable. Decision tree model to classify HC emission level show the top three most important predictor variables are RPM, temperature, and MAP. On the other hand, the top three most important variables to classify CO are backhoe type, RPM, and temperature. The last decision tree model to classify CO2 level show RPM, MAP, and backhoe type as the most important predictor variables.
Financial economic cost on gravel road maintenance: study using HDM-4
Authors: Suwarto F , Fauziyah S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study demonstrates the economic benefit analysis from two alternative project on gravel road surface using HDM-4 to access the most appropriate project and maintenance standard both in term of pavement remaining life and also road user cost (RUC). The two alternative projects will be treated with different work standards. First Alterative namely “Without Project” will only be maintain the existing project with grading every six months, spot re-gravelling to replace 30% of material lost each year, and gravel resurfacing. Second Alternative namely “With Project” will be maintaining and upgrading the existing road pavement to bituminous pavement in year 2019 for section A001-01 and for section A001-02 in year 2020, by doing grading every six months and spot re-gravelling to replace 30% of material lost each year. In conclusion, from two proposed alternatives, although it requires more funds at earlier stages ‘with project’ alternative is the most appropriate project considering the number of maintenance followed, overall road performance, RUC, and the values of NVP and IRR.
Development of surface ground motion and spectral acceleration based on modified shear wave propagation analysis
Authors: Partono W , Kistiani F , Sari U C , Haryadi  , Putro E , Ramadhan W R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The shear wave propagation analysis (SPA) is a method for developing surface ground motion and spectral acceleration by conducting seismic wave propagation from bedrock to surface elevation. The bedrock elevation and soil profile from bedrock through surface elevation are important information needed for SPA. The shear wave velocity, damping ratio, soil density and shear modulus are the four parameters that are needed for developing SPA. This paper describes a modified SPA for developing surface ground motion and spectral acceleration by conducting two different soil deposit model, actual and modified bedrock elevation models. The difference in the two models depends on the bedrock elevation used for SPA. The actual bedrock elevation model is conducted based on the real bedrock elevation observed using microtremor test. However, the second model is performed based on the final depth of soil boring investigation. The study was conducted at the Engineering Faculty of Diponegoro University. Based on the microtremor observation, the bedrock elevation was predicted at 50 metres below the surface level. However, two soil boring investigations conducted in this study area were stopped at 30 metres below the surface level. The surface ground motion and spectral acceleration developed from both models are almost equal.
Analysis of flood inundation in North Sunter on the North Sunter Polder system performance
Authors: Ignatius S , Soeryantono H , Anggraheni E , Sutjiningsih D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
More than 40% area in Jakarta is below mean sea level which it causes inundation to occur every year in Jakarta. In order to solve this problem, the government developed Jakarta flood control management. Polder system is one of drainage system for areas that cannot drain water by gravity. There is one polder system located at North Jakarta named North Sunter Polder System. However, the inundation still occurs every year in that area. Based on the problem, the aim of this study is to analyse the cause of flood inundation in the area, it can be known by simulation using the HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS applications. Based on the simulation results it is known that the cause of flood inundation in the North Sunter Polder system is due to the less optimum pump operation in the polder system. So that to overcome the flood inundation can be done by increasing pump capacity and changing the pump operating elevation.
Green Cimahi watershed for balancing water supply and flood control
Authors: Safarina A B , Karnisah I , Permana A S , Sufianto D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Lack and damage of clean water and also flooding occurred in Cimahi river basin. Water sources polluted by industry and human activities. The purpose of this study was to design the water balance model of the Cimahi watershed as a Green Watershed. The study locations were the Cimahi river, Cilember river, Cibeureum river and Cisangkan river, which flow through the city of Cimahi. The method used is the analysis of the rainfall runoff model with the hydrograph of convolution method in the four watersheds, land use analysis, runoff coefficient analysis, dilution model analysis, groundwater analysis and demographic analysis. The results of this study is Design Green Cimahi Watershed that re-functioning local drainage to maintain the hydrological storage capacity of all watersheds in the city of Cimahi, normalizing Cilember river to reach the width of the river by 5.6 m from the previous width of 1.5 m, and the river capacity which was 4.8 m3 / s to 42.37 m3 / s so that enough to accommodate Q50 flood discharge, enforcing the rule that every industry must process its waste through a waste processing plant, building Pasirkaliki retention ponds that can function for groundwater conservation, flood control and clean water needs.
A comparative study of deterministic approach for assessing liquefaction potential
Authors: Farichah H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
SPT-based methods have been developed to evaluate liquefaction potential due to seismic loading. This method was evolved over time modified and updated by some researchers. This paper performed a comparative analysis of deterministic approach for assessing liquefaction potential. The selected case study site is in Taiwan which subjected to the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake. Furthermore, the oldest and most well-known method proposed by Seed et al. [3] was selected to identify the liquefaction potential. Moreover, a method from Idriss and Boulanger. [6] in which stated as the most suitable method for a certain case in Indonesia, was also conducted. The recent updated method of Cetin et al. [12] which has considered some seismic parameter from the recent seismic events was also utilized in quantifying liquefaction potential. Despite the fact that liquefaction potential is expressed by the factor of safety in deterministic method, some liquefaction parameters including rd
(stress reduction coefficient), CSR (Cyclic stress ratio), (N1)60CS (fines-corrected N1,60 value), and FS (factor of safety) were quantified by these methods and then compared. The results show that rd
and CSR calculated by Cetin et al. [12] is lower than that of Seed et al. [3] and Idriss and Boulanger [6]. The FS from Idriss and Boulanger [6] is lower as compared to the two methods; Seed et al. [3] and Cetin et al. [12].
The experimental compressive strength of normal and self-compacting concrete with recycled coarse aggregate
Authors: Nuralinah D , Arifi E , Setyowulan D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is an innovation in the technology of making concrete that does not require a compaction process to fill the formwork. In this study, recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) was used as constituent material in both normal and SCC concrete. The aggregate was obtained from ready mix concrete waste with the quality of K300-K350, which was crushed into a size of 5-10 mm (25%) and 10-20 mm (75%). Concrete was cast into concrete cylinders, size of 15x30 cm then treated and tested at 28 days. In SCC concrete, superplasticizer is used, but fly ash was not used in the concrete mixture. The compressive test results show that normal concrete has a higher compressive strength than self-compacted concrete. This is due to the high amount of coarse aggregate that used in normal concrete. The results are almost corresponding with modulus of elasticity.
The effect of sea water soak on asphalt porous characteristics with and without waste of rubber tire waste as an asphalt addictive
Authors: Mawarni O S T , Fauziah M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The use of rubber tire scraded in the developement of porous asphalt technology as a part of flexible pavement aims to minimize the adverse effects of transportation facilities. The use of rubber tire scraded as an asphalt modifier in the pavement can provide several benefits, including reducing reflective cracking on overlays, reducing maintenance cost, increaseing resistance to new pavement cracking and rutting, increasing skid resistance an pavement age. This paper presents laboratory investigation on the effect of seawater immersion on porous asphalt performance using rubber tire scraded. Method use in laboratory investigation is based on AAPA 2004 and Bina Marga 2010. The results showed the permeability all types of mixture indicator “moderate drainage”. The results of testing the Marshall characteristics showed a decrease in the value of stability, flow, and MQ in the porous asphalt mixture with Pen 60/70 asphalt and rubber asphalt as the duration of sea water immersion increased. The porous asphalt mixture using Pen 60/70 asphalt and rubber asphalt has Index of Retained Strength values which tend to decrease with increasing sea water immersion duration. Indirect Tensile Stength test results due to seawater submersion indicate a decrease in ITS value in porous asphalt mixtures with Pen 60/70 asphalt and rubber asphalt. The Cantabro test results showed an increase along with the increasing duration of seawater immersion.
The gaps of passive strategy option in Indonesia’s green building regulation
Authors: Sahid  , Sumiyati Y , Purisari R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Implementing building regulations that could encourage stakeholders to apply the green building concept is one of the effort that could be done to realize a green city. Implementation of green building passive strategies, through the elaboration of building design that fit to the condition of the surrounding environment, are believed to be a solution to achieve optimal green building performance. Currently, the government has set a regulation as representation of green building policy (at least three green building regulations, namely Green Building Decree of Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing Regulation, Governor DKI Regulation of Green Building and Bandung’s Major Regulation of Green Building) and experts have also set up a rating system to support the green building policy. This study aims to determine the accommodation of passive strategies in regulations, as a policy representation of green building, by matching the availability of strategic options on those three regulations. It seems that efforts are still needed to complement and affirm the need for the application of the passive strategy of green buildings in order to obtain maximum benefits from the implementation of the concept of green building.
Flexural behaviour of the functionally graded concrete beams using two-layers and three-layers configuration
Authors: Pratama M M A , Vertian T , Umniati B S , Yoh W H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Studies related to the bending behaviour of functionally graded concrete (FGC) beams are still investigated to explore the possibility of the more cost-efficient casting techniques and to produce high-performance FGC beam elements simultaneously. Previous researches show that the manufacture of FGC beams by combining two concrete mixes in two layers can increase the stiffness of the elements but it reduces the beam ductility. Research concentrating on the FGC beams with additional numbers of concrete layers was analysed in this study. Four pieces of FGC beams measuring 120 x 240 x 2200 mm were prepared with concrete strength of 25 MPa (NA); 30 MPa(NB); 30-20 MPa (GBA); and 30-20-30 MPa (GBAB). The specimens were tested in the laboratory using a four-point bending method. The experimental data consisting of the load increments and the mid-span deflections are further analysed to compare the resulting (1) maximum load-carrying capacity; (2) maximum deflection; (3) beam stiffness; (4) moment-curvature; and (5) ductility. The result shows that (1) the GBAB exhibited 0.83% greater maximum loads than the GBA; (2) the GBAB deflected 29.52% lesser than the GBA; (3) the GBAB posses stiffness 12.03% greater than the GBA; (4) the GBAB exhibited higher resulting yield points and ultimate state than the GBA at the moment-curvature relationship; and (5) the GBAB was 20.06% less ductile than the GBA.
The optimal damper placement configuration for three-dimensional RC building
Authors: Sulaksitaningrum R , Umniati B S , Ellsa Sarassantika I P , Casita C B , Pratama M M A , Santoso E , Sulton M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
During an earthquake, high-rise buildings attempt to dissipate energy by generating swaying motion, which causes inevitable building damage. The dampers or passive energy dissipation devices can significantly diminish the energy emitted by earthquakes and reduce building damage accordingly. Especially for high-rise building structures constructed in an earthquake-prone area, it is necessary to install a sufficient number of dampers to reduce the building response. The passive energy dissipation devices present such an optimal performance depends on their locations in the building structures. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to observe an optimal placement configuration of passive energy devices lest excessive installment of the devices. The proposed approach is performance-based optimizations, which seismic performance of buildings considered is story drift of the building. This study focuses on optimizing fluid viscous dampers (FVD) placement incorporated into three-dimensional (3D) regular RC building structure. The result shows that fluid viscous dampers (FVD) when incorporated into three-dimensional of regular RC building structures can modify the performance of the building to fulfill the code standard of allowable drift ratio. It will be then suggested to be prevention acts to improve the performance of high-rise buildings under earthquakes excitation. Hence, the protection of the occupants therein can be accomplished.
The role of the fire safety management in providing a guarantee of a fire protection: The case of Graha Rektorat building of State University of Malang
Authors: Sari A A , Rafrita F K , Rahayuningsih T , Alfianto I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The safety of building’s occupants is one of the most important things that should be considered in the design and construction process of a building. The provision of a reliable fire protection system could be the best way to provide a guarantee for fire safety. However, in a high-rise building, the evacuation process could be a problem when the occupants do not really understand about the evacuation procedure. Thus, a good fire safety management system is also needed to ensure that both the fire protection system and the evacuation procedure could run well when the accident happen. Through observation, documents review, and interview with the member of fire protection management as well as the building’s occupants, this paper intends to assess the fire safety management organisation and its role to support the fire safety protection system of the 9th-floor building of Graha Rektorat of the State University of Malang. The assessment conducted will be based on regulation of the Ministry of Public Works no. 29/PRT/2006 on the fire safety protection and evacuation. It was found that the organisation of the fire safety management of the Graha Rektorat building is need to be optimized to meet the requirement of the regulation of the Ministry of Public Works no. 29/PRT/2006 as to serve a better support for the fire safety protection system in that building.
Intelligent System for Gearbox Fault Detection & Diagnosis Based on Vibration Analysis using Bayesian Networks
Authors: Romahadi Dedik , Xiong Hui , Pranoto Hadi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Moving energy from one machine to another and functioning to reduce speed while increasing torque is the ability of the gearbox. Due to many components and the structure between the components is fairly complex, thus to be able to detect the initial damage, sophisticated methods is needed. Vibration analysis is a method that has been effective in detecting the initial damage that occurs in machine. But it takes time and costs are not small to implement. The purpose of this study is to create an intelligent system capable of detecting gearbox damage based on data obtained from vibration measurements. Merging of two methods of vibration analysis and Bayesian networks is done to be able to design the system with the expected results. A series of multistate nodes are applied to the network and a system review is performed. Results are given and compared with results provided by the manual analysis. The results indicate that the system is feasible and reasonable which can assist inidentifying gearbox damages. This study definitively answers the problem of how to design an expert system capable of replacing the work of an expert on vibration analysis services.