bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mini-Review on the Synthesis of Pyrazinoindole: Recent Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Singh Aarushi , Mahapatra Samarpita , Sewariya Shubham , Singh Nidhi , Singh Snigdha , Kumar Yogesh , Bandichhor Rakeshwar , Chandra Ramesh 
Published: August 2020

:
The diverse library of biologically active organic compounds is composed majorly of heterocyclic
compounds. Nature provides a variety of pharmacologically active compounds consisting
of N-heterocycle motif, such as Noscapine (anti-cancer), Morphine (analgesic), Chelerythrine (antibacterial),
etc. which are the elementary structural units of marketed drugs in the present era. One
such “N-heterocyclic” promising building block which has gained the attention of chemists is Pyrazinoindoles
and the inflating interest in this moiety is a result of the three-fused heterocyclic ring
structure subsuming an indolic nucleus in it. Fused-polycyclic structural core is necessary to synthesize
potential multi-functional drugs, which is evident from indole (an example of fused five and sixmembered
ring structure) being an exemplary and established privileged template in medicinal chemistry.
In the literature, Pyrazino-fused indoles have been found documented regarding their biological
activities and therapeutic uses, particularly as antifungal, antibacterial, serotonergic receptor inhibitor,
central nervous system depressants, anticonvulsants, antihistaminic, protein kinase C inhibitors,
anti-depressants and so on. Although various synthesis strategies are available in the literature, yet
the medical relevance of the Pyrazinoindoles demands the development of versatile and simple novel
methodologies. This review features a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in synthetic
approaches and therapeutic applications of Pyrazinoindoles based scaffolds.
Application of Solid-state Electrochemical Analysis in Ancient Ceramic
Identification and Characterization: A Review
Authors: Liu Guangfu , Yang Xinghua , Ye Weiting , Zhu Jiangwei , Xie Kefeng , Fu Li 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Ceramics can reflect ancient technology and art, therefore, it has a very important position in
archaeology. However, it is far from enough just to study the shape of pottery and porcelain. It is necessary to use advanced
scientific and technological means to conduct a comprehensive analysis of pottery and porcelain, so as to study the
information hidden deep in the remains of ceramic objects.

Methods:
The solid voltammetric method can be used to obtain information about the composition of materials used in
ancient ceramics. This new method can be applied to insoluble solids for example, providing qualitative and quantitative
information and structural information with little soluble solids. The method requires only ng-μg sample.

Results:
In this review, we first describe the development of solid-state voltammetric method and our work in this field.
Then, we describe in detail the application of this method in archaeology, especially in the analysis of ceramics. Finally, we
describe the analytical applications of other electrochemical techniques for ceramics analysis.

Conclusion:
Due to the low demand for samples and the high-cost performance of analytical instruments, this method has
been widely studied in Europe. To sum up, we propose to establish a microsampling method for ancient ceramics. A new
method for the protection of fine ancient ceramics by the suitable carrier and the fixation on the surface of the electrode.
These improvements can enable solid-state electroanalytical chemistry technology to achieve more comprehensive and
accurate quantitative analysis of ancient ceramics particles. We also propose the current challenges and future directions of
solid-state electroanalytical chemistry.
Systematical Characterization of Impurity Profiles in Daptomycin Raw Material by 2-Dimentional HPLC Tandem with MS Detector
Authors: Li Jin , Yao Shang-Chen , Yin Li-Hui , Hu Chang-Qin , Xu Ming-Zhe 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To systematically characterize the impurity profile in Daptomycin raw material by 2 Dimensional
LC/MSn.

Method:
The target impurity was separated by first Dimensional HPLC and enriched by a 500μl loop, then desalted using
the on-line second Dimensional HPLC and analyzed by MS detector in positive mode. Their structures were characterized
based on the degradation mechanism and mass fragmentation regularity of the cyclic lipopeptide, as well as the molecular
thermodynamic calculation.

Results:
A total of 12 impurities were characterized in the raw material, including 6 degradation products;
8 impurities are reported for the first time. The mass fragmentation regularities of 2 β-isomers of
Asp residue were summarized.

Conclusion:
The structures of impurities in Daptomycin raw material, especially for β-isomer impurities, could be rapidly
identified by on-line 2 Dimensional LC/MSn method together with the molecular thermodynamic calculation.
Gemini Curcumin Suppresses Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer OVCAR-3 Cells via Induction of Apoptosis
Authors: Ghaderi Sonbol , Babaei Esmaeil , Hussen Bashdar M. , Mahdavi Majid , Azeez Hewa J. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecological malignancies. Despite recent
advances in treatment, most patients still suffer from poor prognosis. Curcumin has shown highly cytotoxic effects against
different types of cancer. However, its poor bioavailability restricts its clinical application. Gemini Curcumin (GeminiCur) has been developed to overcome this limitation.

Objective:
Here, we aimed to unravel the inhibitory effect of Gemini-Cur in ovarian cancer. Methods: OVCAR-3 cells
were treated with free curcumin and Gemni-Cur in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Then, the anticancer activity was
investigated by uptake kinetics, cellular viability and apoptotic assays. Furthermore, we evaluated the BAX/Bcl-2
expression ratio by real-time PCR and western blotting.

Results:
Our data showed that gemini surfactant nanoparticles enhance the cellular uptake of curcumin compared to free
curcumin (p<0.01). Regarding the growth inhibitory effect of nano-curcumin, the results demonstrated that Gemini-Cur
suppresses the proliferation of OVCAR-3 cells through induction of apoptosis (p<0.001).

Conclusion:
The results illustrate that Gemini-Cur nanoparticles have a great potential for developing novel therapeutics
against ovarian cancer.
Therapy Resistance in Cancers: Phenotypic, Metabolic, Epigenetic and Tumour Microenvironmental Perspectives
Authors: Zahan Tasnim , Das Plabon K. , Akter Syeda F. , Habib Rowshanul , Rahman Md. Habibur , Karim Md. Rezaul , Islam Farhadul 
Published: August 2020

Background:Chemoresistance is a vital problem in cancer therapy where cancer cells develop mechanisms to encounter the effect of chemotherapeutics, resulting in cancer recurrence. In addition, chemotherapy- resistant leads to the formation of a more aggressive form of cancer cells, which, in turn, contributes to the poor survival of patients with cancer.Objective:In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of how the therapy resistance property evolves in cancer cells, contributing factors and their role in cancer chemoresistance, and exemplified the problems of some available therapies.Methods:The published literature on various electronic databases including, Pubmed, Scopus, Google scholar containing keywords cancer therapy resistance, phenotypic, metabolic and epigenetic factors, were vigorously searched, retrieved and analyzed.Results:Cancer cells have developed a range of cellular processes, including uncontrolled activation of Epithelial- Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic alterations. These cellular processes play significant roles in the generation of therapy resistance. Furthermore, the microenvironment where cancer cells evolve effectively contributes to the process of chemoresistance. In tumour microenvironment immune cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), endothelial cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to the maintenance of therapy-resistant phenotype via the secretion of factors that promote resistance to chemotherapy.Conclusion:To conclude, as these factors hinder successful cancer therapies, therapeutic resistance property of cancer cells is a subject of intense research, which in turn could open a new horizon to aim for developing efficient therapies.
Plant Polyphenolic Compounds Potentiates Therapeutic Efficiency of Anticancer Chemotherapeutic Drugs: A Review
Authors: Oruganti Lokanatha , Meriga Balaji 
Published: August 2020

Background:Scientific research continues to develop more efficacious drugs to treat and cure cancer, the dreadful disease threatening the human race. Chemotherapy is an essential means in cancer therapy, however, plant drugs having pharmacological safety, can be used alone or as additions to current chemotherapeutic agents to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize chemotherapyinduced adverse effects.Objective:A combination therapy where the synergistic effect on multiple targets is possible has gained significance because a one-drug one-target approach fails to yield the desired therapeutic effect. Therefore, a detailed description of important plant polyphenolic compounds with anticancer activity and their role in potentiating chemotherapeutic efficiency of existing anticancer drugs is provided in this review. Systematically screening combinations of active pharmaceutical ingredients for potential synergy with plant compounds may be especially valuable in cancer therapy.Methods:We extensively have gone through reviews and research articles available in the literature. We made use of databases such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, PubMed, Science Direct, etc. The following keywords were used in our literature search: “Chemotherapy, drug development, cancer drugs, plant-derived polyphenolics, synergistic studies, combination therapy, diagnosis and genetics.”Conclusion:Systematic research studies on screening combinations of plant phytochemicals with potential chemotherapeutic pharmaceuticals shed light on their synergistic effects, mechanisms of actions paving the way to develop more efficient anticancer therapeutics to treat and cure the cancer menace, to nullify chemotherapy-induced adverse effects and our review substantially contributes in this direction.
First Report of Mycovirus Infected Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Cauliflower from Sirmaur District of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Gupta Tanvi , Vanshika  , Kumari Chandresh , Kulshrestha Saurabh 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a ubiquitous fungal pathogen infecting
more than 400 plant species. Sclerotinia stem rot is known to cause as high as 100% crop
loss in many cases. Currently, chemical fungicides are the only known solution to this
problem. Thus, there is an urgent need for developing environment-friendly alternatives for
controlling this pathogen. The review of published articles revealed that a number of mycoviruses
with the potential of a biocontrol agent against Sclerotinia had been identified
from different parts of the world.

Objective:
The present investigation describes the isolation and characterization of isolates
of S. sclerotiorum infecting cauliflower, peas, and mustard for the presence of a potent mycovirus
from lower Himachal region of India.

Methods:
Various infected fields were visited and samples in the form of sclerotia were
collected. Various isolates of S. sclerotiorum were obtained, and putative hypovirulent isolates
were screened. Thereafter, hypovirulent strains were chosen and mycovirus isolation
was performed. Finally, isolates showing an extra nucleic acid band were used for mycovirus
isolation and further characterization. Curing of mycovirus was used to confirm if
altered phenotype was due to the presence of this virus.

Results:
A ssDNA mycovirus was identified and confirmed from the growth defective isolate.

Conclusion:
This mycovirus can in turn act as a biocontrol agent, thus reducing dependency
on chemical fungicides and can also be developed in the form of a patent once completely
characterized and formulated. To our knowledge, this is the first report on mycovirus
isolation from any Sclerotinia sclerotiorumisolate from India.
Adsorption of safranine T from aqueous medium by nano mesoporous MCM-41: adsorption equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics
Authors: Li Xiao-Dong , Zhai Qing-Zhou 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
In industrial production, a small amount of saffron T emissions will cause increase of water color
and increase of chemical oxygen consumption, so study of the decolorization of saffron T wastewater has an important
practical significance.

Methods:
MCM (Mobil Composition of Matter)-41 molecular sieve was synthesized by hydrothermal method. Power Xray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the sample. Safranine T dye was adsorbed
from water by the MCM-41 prepared. Kinetics and thermodynamics of the adsorption were studied.

Results:
The MCM-41 sample presented spherical particles and regular. The BET (Brunner-Emmett-Teller) specific
surface area of the sample determined by 77 K low temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm was 932 m2
/g. Its
average particle diameter was 110 nm. TEM (transmission electron microscopy) results showed that the sample structure
presented a honeycomb pore structure and the average pore diameter was 3.0 nm. The results showed that when room
temperature was 20 ± 1 ℃, adsorbate safranine T: adsorbent MCM-41 = 20 : 1，the optimum pH value of adsorption was
4.0 and contact time was 20 min, the adsorption rate reached 98.29% and the adsorption capacity was 19.66 mg/g. The
entropy change and enthalpy change of the adsorption system are respectively ΔS0 = 157.5 J/(mol·K); ΔH0 = 21.544
kJ/mol. When temperature was 277.15, 293.15, 303.15 K，the free energy change was respectively △G1 0 = -22.107
kJ/mol, △G2
0 = -24.627 kJ/mol, △G3
0 = -26.202 kJ/mol.

Conclusion:
The adsorption of safranine T by MCM-41 belongs to a pseudo-second-order adsorption. This adsorption
accords with the Freundlich equation and belongs to a heterogeneous adsorption. The adsorption is an endothermic
reaction of entropy increase, being spontaneous.
Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa Activity of Metal Schiff Base Complex and Probiotics Against Planktonic- and Biofilm-Growing Cells
Authors: Hassanzadeh Sepideh , Ebrahimi Sudabeh , Ganjloo Sara , Jamehdar Saeid Amel , Dolatabadi Samaneh 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:The biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa seems to protect the bacteria from antibiotics since these entities are highly resistant to such antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Lactobacillus salivarus, Lactobacillus plantarum supernatants and CuIISchiff base complex in eliminating planktonic cells and biofilm of P. aeruginosa.Methods:One hundred specimens of blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, respiratory samples, and wound swabs were collected from patients attending three hospitals in Mashhad. All specimens were identified by biochemical tests. The susceptibility of the isolates to the conventional antibiotics was assessed using disk diffusion method. The biofilm formation ability of P. aeruginosa isolates was evaluated by crystal violet assay and confirmed using PCR. The anti-planktonic and antibiofilm ability of L. salivarus, L. plantarum supernatants and CuIISchiff base complex was evaluated separately in P. aeruginosa isolates.Results:The highest and lowest resistance rates were detected in Cefazoline (95%) and cefepime (23%), respectively. The thickest biofilm was produced by 8% of P. aeruginosa isolates, 9% and 83% of the isolates were considered as moderate and weak biofilm producers, respectively. The rhlR and lasR genes were reported in 100% of the isolates, but the algD gene existed in 92% of them.Conclusion:Particularly, the CuIISchiff base complex could affect both planktonic and biofilm cells by the lowest concentration in comparison of probiotic supernatants. L. plantarum supernatant inhibited planktonic cells at a lower concentration than L. salivarius. Also, L. salivarius showed better antibiofilm activity than another probiotic in lower doses of supernatant. Unlike that, these compounds have not completely eliminated biofilm cells, but only reduced the biofilm formation.:Metal Schiff base complex and Lactobacillus supernatants is a potent antimicrobial agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm cells.
Multi-organ Toxicity Attenuation by Cerium Oxide and Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticles: Comparing the Beneficial Effects on Tissues Oxidative Damage Induced by Sub-acute Exposure to Diazinon
Authors: Navaei-Nigjeh Mona , Daniali Marzieh , Rahimifard Mahban , Khaksar Mohammad R. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Excessive use of diazinon, as an organophosphate pesticide (OP), contributes
to cytotoxic and pathologic cellular damage and, in particular, oxidative stress. However,
metal-oxide nanoparticles (NPs), such as cerium oxide (CeO2) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3),
with the property of free radical scavenging demonstrated beneficial effects in the alleviation of
oxidative stress biomarkers.

Objective:
The aims of this study include evaluating beneficial effects of CeO2 NPs, Y2O3 NPs,
and their combination against diazinon-induced oxidative stress in different tissues of brain,
heart, lung, kidney, liver, and spleen.

Methods:
Eight randomized groups of 6 adult male Wistar rats were formed. Each group of rats
administered a different combination of diazinon, CeO2 and Y2O3 NPs daily and levels of oxidative
stress markers, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), total
thiol molecules (TTM) and total anti-oxidant power (TAP) and catalase enzyme, were measured
after 2 weeks of the treatment.

Results:
Measurements of the mentioned markers in the brain, heart, lung, kidney, liver, and
spleen showed that the administration of NPs could significantly alleviate the oxidative stress
induced by diazinon. However, the findings of this study illustrated that the combination of
both CeO2 and Y2O3 NPs led to a better reduction in oxidative stress markers.

Conclusion:
Sub-acute exposure of diazinon in rats led to increased levels of oxidative stress
markers in pivotal tissues such as the brain, heart, lung, kidney, liver, and spleen. CeO2 and
Y2O3 NPs neutralize the oxidative stress to compensate diazinon-induced tissue damages.

Lay Summary:
Organophosphate pesticides (OPs), which are mainly used for pest control,
are responsible for the entry of pesticides into the human food cycle. Organophosphate such as
diazinon increases the molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress inside the cells of vital tissues
such as the heart, liver, lungs, etc. Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) such as cerium oxide (CeO2)
and yitrium oxide (Y2O3) can have free radical scavenging potential under oxidative stress and
through various mechanisms. Although these nanoparticles reduce oxidative stress, it should be
borne in the design of the study that additional doses of these substances reverse the beneficial
effects.
An Empirical Study of Predictive Model for Website Quality Analytics Using Dataset of Different Domains of Websites
Authors: Gupta Divya 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
Web analytics is the process of examining websites to uncover patterns,
correlations, trends, insights, and other useful information that can be utilized to optimize web usage
and improve the quality of the website.

Methods:
This research proffers an approach which associates the website assessment with user
satisfaction and acceptance. The proposed WQA (Website Quality Analytic) Model considers
websites from seven domains, and using 13 UX- based quality attributes, evaluates the quality of
websites in each domain. The quality assessment is automated using supervised learning models
to predict good, average, and bad websites.

Results:
The real-time dataset of website domains was assessed and websites were predicted as
good, average, and bad, using the algorithms.

Discussion:
A Website quality model essentially consists of a set of criteria used to determine if a
website reaches certain levels of fineness. User Experience (UX) directly measures the quality of
site interactions and is an indirect representative of site success and customer conversions. That is,
a bad UX bounces away visitors to seek a more reliable website. Every single second, a user
spends on a website is directly attributable to the usability of a good UX. Hence, the evaluation of
the quality of websites is essential to determine user acceptance; that is, the users are the parameter
measured for the success of the site.

Conclusion:
The feature (attribute)-based predictive model for quality analytics is empirically analyzed
for five classification algorithms. A qualitative analysis of the domain-wise classification
of websites is also presented.
Crecimiento de cuatro genotipos de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) bajo dos sistemas de alimentación
Authors: Cantaro Segura Jose Luis , Sarria Bardales José Antonio , Cayetano Robles Jovana Luz 
Published: August 2020

Se evaluaron los principales parámetros técnicos de cuatro genotipos de cuyes mejorados disponibles en la actualidad y sometidos a dos sistemas de alimentación (mixto e integral) durante la etapa de crecimiento. Se utilizaron 96 cuyes machos recién destetados (15 ± 3 días) pertenecientes a los genotipos: Cieneguilla-UNALM, Perú-INIA, Cuy G-IVITA/Mantaro/UNMSM e Inkacuy-UCSS. Las dietas peletizadas y el agua fueron ofrecidos ad libitum durante ocho semanas, mientras que el forraje (chala) solo se suministró a los tratamientos mixtos. Se utilizó un diseño completo al azar con arreglo factorial de ocho tratamientos y tres repeticiones de cuatro animales por cada repetición, donde los factores fueron el genotipo, por una parte, y el sistema de alimentación (mixto e integral), por otra. Los resultados indican que, a nivel de genotipos, Cieneguilla, Cuy G e Inkacuy registraron mejores pesos y ganancias de peso (p < 0,05) que el genotipo Perú. La conversión alimenticia favoreció (p < 0,05) al tratamiento T2 (Cieneguilla-integral); en general, el genotipo Cieneguilla-UNALM tuvo mejor desempeño que los demás, mientras que los sistemas con y sin forraje —con excepción del consumo que fue mayor en el primero (p < 0,05)— tuvieron un comportamiento similar (p > 0,05).