bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Causal Role for Mouse Superior Colliculus in Visual Perceptual Decision-Making
Authors: Wang Lupeng , McAlonan Kerry , Goldstein Sheridan , Gerfen Charles R. , Krauzlis Richard J. 
Published: April 2020

The superior colliculus (SC) is arguably the most important visual structure in the mouse brain and is well known for its involvement in innate responses to visual threats and prey items. In other species, the SC plays a central role in voluntary as well as innate visual functions, including crucial contributions to selective attention and perceptual decision-making. In the mouse, the possible role of the SC in voluntary visual choice behaviors has not been established. Here, we demonstrate that the mouse SC of both sexes plays a causal role in visual perceptual decision-making by transiently inhibiting SC activity during an orientation change detection task. First, unilateral SC inhibition-induced spatially specific deficits in detection. Hit rates were reduced, and reaction times increased for orientation changes in the contralateral but not ipsilateral visual field. Second, the deficits caused by SC inhibition were specific to a temporal epoch coincident with early visual burst responses in the SC. Inhibiting SC during this 100-ms period caused a contralateral detection deficit, whereas inhibition immediately before or after did not. Third, SC inhibition reduced visual detection sensitivity. Psychometric analysis revealed that inhibiting SC visual activity significantly increased detection thresholds for contralateral orientation changes. In addition, effects on detection thresholds and lapse rates caused by SC inhibition were larger in the presence of a competing visual stimulus, indicating a role for the mouse SC in visual target selection. Together, our results demonstrate that the mouse SC is necessary for the normal performance of voluntary visual choice behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe mouse superior colliculus (SC) has become a popular model for studying the circuit organization and development of the visual system. Although the SC is a fundamental component of the visual pathways in mice, its role in visual perceptual decision-making is not clear. By investigating how temporally precise SC inhibition influenced behavioral performance during a visually guided orientation change detection task, we identified a 100-ms temporal epoch of SC visual activity that is crucial for the ability of mice to detect behaviorally relevant visual changes. In addition, we found that SC inhibition also caused deficits in visual target selection. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of the SC for visual perceptual choice behavior in the mouse.
El sistema de riesgos laborales en Colombia
Authors: Herrera Tapias Beliña , Lizarazo Mejía Benjamín 
Published: April 2020

Este artículo de revisión tiene dos fi nes específi cos, realizar un análisis de los antecedentes del Sistema General de Riesgos Laborales en Colombia y la determinación de los cambios introducidos por la Ley 1562 de 2012; a fin de establecer si estos son coherentes con los objetivos del sistema, el cual pretende una protección integral del trabajador preventiva y/o contingente a través de las entidades públicas y privadas destinadas a atender a los trabajadores en todas aquellas vicisitudes que en materia de salud y riesgos laborales puedan presentarse, producto de su actividad laboral. Para ello se empleó un estudio jurídico descriptivo con aplicación de los métodos analítico e inductivo, permitiéndonos obtener la identifi cación de las motivaciones e inquietudes en cuanto si el cambio normativo generó un simple cambio en la terminología, o si realmente se amplió la cobertura estableciendo mecanismos que permitan la inclusión al sistema de trabajadores independientes e informales.
Políticas públicas en educación en zonas fronterizas
Authors: G Carlos Arturo 
Published: April 2020

Las zonas fronterizas son regiones de características particulares en las que confluyen culturas y desarrollos de dos países, lo que configura dinámicas y condiciones especiales en cuanto a educación se refiere. El caso de la aplicación de políticas públicas educativas en la frontera colombo venezolana resulta de singular interés dadas las transformaciones que se han dado en las últimas décadas en ambos países. Se propone un análisis del concepto y desarrollo de políticas públicas, así como sus proyectos de renovación en educación superior. Finalmente, se presenta la aplicación de políticas públicas educativas realizada en la Universidad Simón Bolívar, sede Cúcuta y las implicaciones para la zona fronteriza.
Home invasion of triatomines increases the risk of Chagas disease transmission in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: MOTA BRUNA DANIELE LISBOA , Valente Vera da Costa , Ramos Francisco Lúzio de Paula , Valente Sebastião Aldo da Silva , Pinto Ana Yecê das Neves 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chagas disease is a parasitic infection with a large reemergent rates in some Amazon regions with usual features of outbreaks of the acute disease mainly by oral transmission. The main vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi are hematophagous insects, the triatomines. Some of them can establish themselves in human dwellings and their annexes but others are mostly wild. In the state of Pará, few records have been made about the occurrence of those wild vectors in fortuitous contact with inhabitants in riverside regions in the Amazon. These vector behaviours have been studied by our group since 2006, trying to explain their role in transmission of the silent disease or asymptomatic infection. The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiological profile of populations exposed to random triatomine home invasion in riverside areas with this registered occurrence. This is a cross-sectional study developed in Abaetetuba city, in the state of Pará, where we conducted a seroepidemiologic survey in inhabitants that registered triatomine home invasion. The results demonstrated that triatomine invasions occur especially in the in-home environment and in the rural zone. The genus Rhodnius was the most found in residences of the municipalities. Direct contact through the vector was reported by 15.55% of the total participants, and an unusual vector behaviour were observed during the day. Despite this small casuistic, 0.47% of the enrolled inhabitants had positive serology IgG anti- T. cruzi antibodies. We confirm one occurrence of asymptomatic infection in a child and, also, favourable links to the Chagas disease transmission chain. Faced with the scarcity of information on triatomine aggression in the Amazon, the authors recommended an entomological study of greater scope in those areas. The record of unusual vector behaviour and the serological surveillance of human populations under this risk may constitute a new tool for the early detection of silent infections and reinforce the knowledges about the behaviour of invading insects. At the same time, health education can assist in strategies for the prevention of Chagas' disease.
Mobile microbiome networks across spatiotemporal gradients
Authors: Wu Rongling , Jiang Libo , Griffin Christopher 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The microbiome, a community of microbes that co-reside in biotic or abiotic environments, underlies biogeochemical cycling, plant and animal development, and human health. Increasing evidence shows that much of the role the microbiome plays is executed through complex interactions among microbes. Thus, network reconstruction has been increasingly used as a tool to disentangle internal workings within microbial communities.Results: We developed a general framework for recovering microbial interaction networks from any design of microbial experiment. This framework represents a quasi-dynamic game model (qdGM) derived from the seamless integration of evolutionary game theory and allometric scaling laws. The qdGM can not only characterize how individual microbes act singly, but also reveal how different microbes interact with each other to govern microbial community assembly. Beyond existing approaches that can only identify a single overall microbial network from a number of samples, our framework can track and visualize how interaction networks vary from sample to sample and covert sample-specific (personalized) networks into context-specific networks. More importantly, this framework can reconstruct such mobile microbial networks from steady-state data, facilitating the widespread use of network tools to understand the impact of the microbiome on natural processes.Conclusions: As proof of concept, we used the new framework to analyze human gut microbiota data and interspecific animal-associated microbiota data. Mobile networks reconstructed from each dataset can characterize previously unknown mechanisms that drive the change of microbial interaction architecture and organization along spatiotemporal gradients. This framework provides a tool to generate process-specific microbiome networks that can be readily translated into various biotechnological applications and evolutionary studies.
To Serum or Not to Serum: Reduced-serum based methods for contact-based co-culture of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) and epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) for wound bed studies
Authors: Kadam Snehal , Vandana Madhusoodhanan , Kaushik Karishma 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Contact-based co-culture of human dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes is important to study wound bed structure and functions. Co-culture of these two cell types in direct contact with each other has been a long-standing and challenging issue, owing to specific and different serum and growth factor requirements of the two cell types. Existing protocols employ high-serum concentrations (up to 10% FBS), complex cell feeder systems, and a range of supplemental factors. These approaches are not only technically demanding, labor- and material-intensive but also pose scientific and ethical limitations associated with high concentrations of animal serum. On the other hand, serum-free conditions often fail to support the attachment and proliferation of one or both cell types when cultured together. Results: Given this, we have developed two reduced-serum based approaches (1-2% serum), using commonly-available media components, to support the contact-based co-culture of HDFa and HaCaT cells. Using these approaches, HDFa and HaCaT were co-cultured by layering keratinocytes over confluent fibroblasts or by co-seeding the two cell types simultaneously. Under these conditions, both cell types showed robust attachment and proliferation, and characteristic cellular morphology in co-culture. Further, these co-cultured platforms enabled the study of important wound bed functions such as cell migration and wound closure.Conclusions: We believe that these methods can be leveraged for a range of wound and skin studies, and tissue bioengineering applications, potentially reducing concerns with high-serum formulations.
Co-creation of affordable and clean pumped irrigation for smallholders: lessons from Nepal and Malawi
Authors: Intriago Zambrano J. C. , van Dijk R. , Michavila J. , Arenas Pinilla E. , Diehl J. C. , Ertsen M. W. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Pumped irrigation is a way to intensify smallholder production. In this context, the Dutch company aQysta has developed the Barsha pump (BP), the first-ever commercial version of the spiral pumps. BPs, however, face several constraints that affect the decision-making and access of smallholders to this and other agricultural technologies, and thus to their benefits. On this subject, Product Service System (PSS) is a type of business model able to potentially cope with a number of restrictions of different nature. Moreover, if co-created with the feedback of the users, and by addressing contextual tensions of different cases, these models can be substantially richer than their top-down counterparts. Six cases of the use of BPs have been addressed in Nepal and Malawi. Both primary and secondary data, analyzed qualitatively under the analytic induction approach, were collected through unstructured interviews and Q-methodology. Evidence shows a wide range of (non-)technical facilitating and hampering conditions for the BP, as well as preferences of the smallholders in regard to existing and proposed business model elements. Based on the corresponding analysis, a set of opportunities for an improved BP-based business model – PSS, aiming to fulfil several (and at times opposing) needs, is ultimately proposed in the current paper.
Current Strategies and Approaches in Combating SARS-CoV-2 Virus that Causes COVID-19
Authors: Sivaraman D. , Pradeep P. S. , Manoharan S. Sundar , Bhat C. Ramachandra , Leela K. V. , Venugopal V. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:
The pandemic spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)
that causes COVID-19 calls for global health emergency with wide prevalence across 94 countries,
and around 3073 deaths reported in china on 7th March 2020 which created red alert zone in the
country. It was further noticed other than China, countries like the republic of Korea ranked first
with 6767 cases, Italy with 4747 and Iran with 3513 cases. The spread of COVID-19 made a
historical transition between December 2019 to March 2020 by extending the paradigm to a newer
territory every day with the highest predicted reproductive number <2. Hence, while combating the
epidemic spread, there are spectra of strategies that require crucial validation, some of which include
drug repurposing, enzyme inhibition, target drug delivery etc. Among these, the category of drugs
called enzyme inhibitors has a unique opportunity in the process of new drug discovery as these
enzymes possess structural versatility starting from the host viral interface and up to the release of a
new virus. Drugs entrapped within liposomes are highly effective against intracellular
microorganisms as per published observations. Regulatory authorities like World Health
Organization (WHO) and Centre for disease control and prevention (CDC) strongly recommend the
need for the PPE’s like N95 respirator to avoid person to person contact. In this context, Electrospun
Nanofiber Technology (ENT) offers ultrathin fibres (20-200 nm) with close proximity of 99.97% of
high efficient air filtration. Fabrication of ultrafine nano mask by utilizing electospun technology
will surely benefit millions of people in a time-dependent manner.
Arthropod Diversity in the Tea Plantation within Several Years after Pruning in Pagilaran, Central Java
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad Rizyan Anggra , Wagiman F. X. , Wijonarko Arman 
Published: April 2020

The lush leaves of tea within several years after prune is expected to be followed by arthropod abundance and diversity. The study aimed to evaluate the arthropod abundance, diversity, evenness, and dominance, at the tea plantation within several years after the prune. The study was conducted at Pagilaran tea plantations, Central Java, from April to May 2018, at an altitude of 900 m asl. Arthropod samplings were done in four plots of tea plantation namely 1, 2, 3, and 4 years after pruning, hereafter they are called PY1, PY2, PY3, and PY4. The plot area was approximately 1 ha. The arthropod specimens were collected using sweep net and pitfall trap every day for 6 consecutive days. The arthropod identification and calculation were carried out in the Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Analysis of variance was applied to determine the effect of PY on the Arthropod abundance. The Shannon Wienner index, the Evenness index, and the Simpson index, were used to evaluate the arthropod diversity, evenness, and dominance, respectively. The results showed that the PY significantly affected the arthropod abundance. The arthropod number collected from PY1 (27 individuals/50 swings) was significantly lower as compared to the other PYs, while arthropod numbers amongst PY2, PY3, and PY4 (53, 93, and 67 individuals/50 swings, respectively) were relatively similar. Out of the total number of 1.432 arthropod specimens, it comprised of 10 orders at which Hemiptera was the highest order (48.04%), and 69 families at which Cicadellidae was the highest family (32.12%). Amongst specimens of Cicadellidae, there was Empoasca sp. which is an important tea pest. The Shannon Wienner index (H) of orders and families ranged from 1.24 to 2.69 indicates moderate arthropod diversity. The Evenness index (e') ranged from 0.57 to 0.91) indicates the arthropod evenly distributed. Meanwhile, the Simpson index (D) ranged 0.10 - 0.39 indicates that there was no dominance of the order or family.
Understanding maternal dietary behaviour and perceived attributes of foods in the context of food insecurity in rural Bangladesh: a qualitative study
Authors: Khatun Wajiha , Rasheed Sabrina , Dibley Michael J , Alam Ashraful 
Published: April 2020

Background Evidence shows inadequate dietary diversity among women in resource poor settings in developing countries. We explored women’s perceived attributes related to food choices to understand their eating habits during pregnancy and lactation, in rural Bangladesh. Methods We conducted a qualitative study in two villages in Jamalpur District in northern Bangladesh. These villages experience high levels of poverty according to the 2010 Bangladesh Poverty Map. We undertook in-depth interviews (n=36) with pregnant and lactating women and conducted focus group discussions (n=2) with their husbands. We used the ProPAN (Process for the Promotion of Child Feeding - a tool to improve infant and young child feeding) methodology to develop a key food list to conduct the food attribute exercise. Data was audio-recorded, transcribed in Bangla, and translated into English. The transcripts were manually coded and analyzed using the inductive thematic approach. Results We found that: (i) animal-source foods and fruits were the least consumed in the women’s diet resulting in low dietary diversity; (ii) Consumption of diversified foods was influenced by access to food at home, while accessibility depended on affordability and availability in the local market or homestead gardens; and (iii) even though food was available and accessible at the household level, individual food choice and consumption were subject to personal preference, cultural norms and lack of knowledge about nutritious foods and subsequent health benefits during pregnancy and lactation. Conclusions The findings will assist in planning appropriate interventions to improve dietary diversity of pregnant and lactating women. Insights from this study will be useful for designing appropriate nutrition behaviour change communication in Bangladesh and other low-resource settings.
Effects of boric acid addition and sintering temperature on the thermal conductivity of perlitebased insulation materials
Authors: Palaci Yuksel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this study, the variation of thermal conductivity and density of 15 wt.-% boric acid - 85 wt.-% sepiolite, 30 wt.-% boric acid - 30 wt.-% sepiolite - 40 wt.-% perlite, 30 wt.-% boric acid - 30 wt.-% cordierite - 40 wt.-% perlite and 30 wt.-% boric acid - 30 wt.-% alumina - 40 wt.-% perlite compositions at 700 °C and 900 °C sintering temperatures were investigated. The results show that increasing the amount of boric acid and decreasing the sintering temperature lead to an improvement in thermal insulation properties. There is a direct relation between the thermal conductivity and density of the specimens. Both physical properties change with a change in the sintering temperature and the composition characteristics. Minimum thermal conductivity has been observed in a specimen consisting of 30 wt.-% boric acid - 30 wt.-% alumina - 40 wt.-% perlite.
Measurement of tensile mechanical properties of fiber reinforced plastic rebars by 3D digital image correlation
Authors: Zhu Feipeng , Bai Pengxiang , Lei Dong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) plays an increasingly important role in many engineering fields due to its advantages of light weight, low cost, simple maintenance, and excellent corrosion resistance. The conventional contact methods for deformation measurement, such as strain gauge and mechanical extensometer, have some shortcomings in measuring the strain of FRP rebar specimens with spiral curved surfaces. Therefore, the non-contact three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) technique was employed to determine the tensile mechanical properties of two types of FRP rebar specimens, i. e. glass FRP (GFRP) and carbon FRP (CFRP) specimens. Uniaxial tensile tests with three different loading rates were conducted to obtain the stress-strain curves, elastic modulus, tensile strength and percentage total extension at maximum force of these two FRP specimens. Experimental results indicate that the axial-strain field of all FRP rebar specimens present nonuniform distribution and that the stress of GFRP and CFRP rebars varies linearly with the strain. Moreover, no yielding phenomenon was observed from the stress-strain curves, which indicates that both GFRP and CFRP rebars belong to the group of typical brittle materials. The dispersion of elastic moduli obtained using 3D-DIC is better than that using a clip-on extensometer, which demonstrates the validity of 3D-DIC for the determination of tensile mechanical properties of FRP rebars with spiral curved surfaces.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOME VIRULENCE FACTORS AND PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTRIZATION OF Escherichia.coli ISOLATES CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECTION AND THE COMMENSAL GUT MICROBIOTA
Authors: & et al. Ahmed 
Published: April 2020

Variety of virulence factors are involved in the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli isolates, the common cause of the urinary tract infections.(UTIs). This study was aimed.to determine some virulence factors.involved in the pathogenicity.and the phylogenetic.grouping of uropathogenic E. coli isolates.from UTIs in compare.with isolates.from gut.microbiota (fecal flora) In.this study ,E coli isolates were collected from samples .urine (n = 25), fecal samples (n = 25) samples of the same patients with UTI, and from fecal samples (n= 5 as control )of patients without UTI. The detection of phylogenetic grouping and some virulence genes among the all isolates were confirmed by PCR technique. The results.showed that.phylogenetic groups B2,B1(36%) and D (28%) were predominated.among uropathogenic E.coli in comparison with group A (8%) ,whereas in .commensal isolates.groups B1(36%), B2(32%) ,D (28%) were.more prevalent in compare.with group A (4%).The prevalence.of cnf1 and fimH .genes were higher in.UPEC in comparsion with.commensal isolates. However, the.prevalence of kpsMT II gene.was similar among.both groups, while hlyA gene was.higher in fecal.isolates. According to this results., microbiota may considered the main source of UPEC bacteria.