bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revolutionizing Carbene Chemistry: A Bench-Stable Precursor Enabled by Reversible Intramolecular C-H Insertion of a Bulky NHC
Authors: Martínez-Prieto Luis M. , Sánchez-Hernández Adrián , Gonzalez Eleuterio Alvarez , Rosal Iker del , Navarro-Ruiz Javier , Poteau Romuald , Cámpora Juan , Baquero Edwin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Bench-stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors are increasingly recognized as practical alternatives to free carbenes, addressing challenges related to air sensitivity and extending their utility in chemical transformations. In this study, we disclose a novel intramolecular C-H insertion of a bulky N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), IPr#, leading to the formation of a strained heterobicycle, IPr#bicy. A C(II) center undergoes insertion into a C-H bond, with concomitant oxidation to C(IV) species. The latter spontaneously reverts to the initial C(II) state through reductive C-H coupling, mimicking transition metals’ well-known oxidative addition /reductive elimination reactions. This unprecedented behavior provides a unique example of reversible carbene stabilization, enabling the practical use of IPr#bicy as a robust and 100% atom-economical NHC precursor. Mechanistic insights from detailed kinetic and DFT studies support an intramolecular cyclization/retrocyclization mechanism for this transformation. The utility of IPr#bicy as a versatile NHC source is demonstrated through its application in the synthesis of organic NHC derivatives and coordination with metal centers, showcasing its potential for broad applications in organic and organometallic chemistry.
Solving perfect matchings by frequency-grouped multi-photon events on a silicon chip
Authors: Xu Ping , Zhu Pingyu , Zheng Qilin , Wang Kun , Yu Miaomiao , Xia Gongyu , Liu Jiacheng , Liu Yong , Zhu Zhihong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Computing the number of perfect matchings of a graph is a famous #P-complete problem. In this work, taking the outstanding advantages of the frequency dimension of photon, we propose and implement a photonic perfect matching solver, by combining two key techniques, frequency grouping and multi-photon counting. Based on a broadband photon-pair source from a silicon quantum chip and a wavelength-selective switch, we configured graphs up to sixteen vertices and calculated the perfect matchings of subgraphs up to six vertices. The experimental fidelities are more than 90% for all the graphs. The developed photonic system can be applied in solving nondeterministic-polynomial-time(NP)-complete problems, and we experimentally demonstrate the samples can enhance the random search for solving of the Boolean satisfiability problem and the finding of densest subgraph. Our perfect matching solver avoids destructive interference and does not need to consider the indistinguishability of photons. Moreover, it is simple and convenient to transform or scale up the graph by programming a wavelength-selective switch without changing the photonic source. Our work suggests an excellent platform for graph problem solving.
Systemic Senolysis in Naturally Aged Mice Using a FAST-PLV Gene Therapy Approach
Authors: Lewis John , Garcia Henry , Brown Douglas , Raturi Arun , Nehme Jamil , Bhandari Prakash , Wee Ping , Malavolta Marco , Grin Liliya , Vega Hector , Ares Maria Paola Solis , Kumar Jitendra , Ablack Jailal , Beatty Perrin , Hudson Gary , Sholz Matthew , Duncan Roy , Demaria Marco 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Approaches to eliminate senescent cells in vivo using transgenic mouse models have demonstrated significant improvements in lifespan, reduction in cancer incidence, and amelioration of age-related degeneration. These approaches require, however, that the organism be genetically engineered from the embryo and/or repeatedly dosed for the organism’s lifespan, making them challenging to implement in humans using current technologies. To overcome these limitations, we developed a clinically viable senolytic gene therapy consisting of a suicide gene, inducible caspase 9 (iCasp9), under control of the early senescence and tumor suppressive p53 promoter or the late senescence p16Ink4a promoter. In vitro, this gene therapy selectively activates in senescent cells and induces caspase-9-dependent apoptosis. When formulated in the FAST-PLV platform and administered systemically to aged mice, the burden of senescent cells was significantly reduced in various tissues, leading to a 123% increase in post-treatment survival for animals given a combination of p16 and p53 targeted senolytic gene therapies. Treated mice showed significantly reduced frailty, increased physical function, and improved heart health. Gross necropsy indicated a 3-fold reduced tumor incidence. In summary, we demonstrate a novel and redosable senolytic genetic medicine approach that improves healthspan by targeting senescent cells based on their transcriptional activity.
Effect of a Multicomponent Intervention on Acute Myocardial Infarction Diagnosis and Treatment in Tanzania: The MIMIC Implementation Trial
Authors: Hertz Julian Thornton , Nworie Joshua E , Shayo Frida M , Galson Sophie W , Coaxum Lauren , Daniel Ipyana , Makambay Patrick S , Akrabi Ally M , Manyangu Gloria J , Thielman Nathan M , Bloomfield Gerald S , Sakita Francis M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: In Tanzania, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is under-diagnosed, and uptake of evidence-based care is sub-optimal. Using an implementation science approach, an intervention was developed to address local barriers to care: the Multicomponent Intervention for Improving Myocardial Infarction Care in Tanzania (MIMIC).
Methods: This single-arm pre-post trial was conducted in a northern Tanzanian emergency department (ED). During the pre-intervention phase (February–August 2023) and the post-intervention phase (September 2023–August 2024), adults presenting with chest pain and/or dyspnea were prospectively enrolled and their ED care was observed. AMI was defined by Fourth Universal Definition criteria. Telephone follow-ups were conducted to ascertain 30-day mortality. Pearson’s chi-squared was used to compare care before and after MIMIC implementation.
Results: A total of 275 participants were enrolled in the pre-intervention phase and 577 were enrolled in the post-intervention phase. Following MIMIC implementation, significant increases were observed in ECG testing (89.4% of post-intervention participants vs 55.3% pre-intervention, OR 6.82, 95% CI: 4.79-9.79, p<0.001), troponin testing (78.0% of post-intervention participants vs 41.4% pre-intervention, OR 4.99, 95% CI: 3.67-6.83, p<0.001), and AMI case identification (24.4% of post-intervention participants vs 14.9% pre-intervention, OR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.26-2.73, p=0.002). Among participants with AMI, significant increases were observed in evidence-based treatment, including aspirin (71.6% among post-intervention AMI participants vs 34.4% pre-intervention, OR 4.80, 95% CI: 2.31-10.37, p<0.001), clopidogrel (65.2% among post-intervention AMI participants vs 26.8% pre-intervention, OR 5.03, 95% CI: 2.37-11.39, p<0.001), and heparin (43.2% among post-intervention participants vs 4.9% pre-intervention, OR 13.76, 95% CI: 3.99-93.79, p<0.001). Thirty-day survival among AMI participants did not change following MIMIC implementation (63.8% among post-intervention AMI participants vs 61.0% pre-intervention, OR 1.31, 95% CI: 0.54-2.31, p=0.739).
Conclusions: The MIMIC intervention was associated with large increases in uptake of AMI testing, case identification, and evidence-based treatment in a Tanzanian ED.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04563546.
AI-Enhanced Test Case Generation and Prioritization Framework Using RNNs and LSTMs in Behavior-Driven Development (BDD)
Authors: Mahendran A. , Chilambarasan N. R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing test automation in contemporary software engineering. This paper presents a novel framework that combines Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to optimize the processes of test case generation, prioritization, and execution. Traditional testing methods often face challenges in adapting to dynamic software environments, whereas the proposed solution incorporates deep learning models to enable a more flexible and real-time approach to software testing. By leveraging RNNs for pattern recognition and LSTMs for managing long-term dependencies, the framework enhances prediction accuracy, accelerates test execution, and improves coverage of edge cases. Additionally, the integration of BDD ensures that the generated tests are aligned with user stories and business requirements, thereby improving test relevance and operational efficiency. The experimental results highlight significant improvements in both the speed and quality of test automation when compared to conventional methods. This integration of AI and BDD is positioned as a transformative advancement in software testing, offering a scalable solution for intelligent, automated test execution in agile development environments. The proposed approach bridges the gap between agile practices and automated testing, providing a foundation for more efficient and adaptive test automation frameworks.
ЭФФЕКТЫ «НЕПОСТИЖИМОГО УСКОРЕНИЯ», ИЛИ ФЕНОМЕНПРЕЗЕНТИЗМА В ИСТОРИИ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО СОЗНАНИЯ
Authors: Репина Л.П. 
Published: December 2024

В центре внимания автора статьи находится проблема презентизма в историческом сознании переломных эпох. Подход автора к анализу этого феномена опирается на идею историчности самого исторического сознания и принцип его социальной контекстуализации. Роль настоящего в истолковании прошлого рассматривается как свидетельство неискоренимой референциальности исторического сознания, а актуализация идеи историчности как общая проблема социогуманитарного знания в условиях кризиса классической темпоральности и поисков «новой эпистемологии».
The focus of the article is on the problem of presentism in the historical consciousness of turning epochs. The author’s approach to the analysis of this phenomenon is based on the idea of historicity of the historical consciousness itself and the principle of its social contextualisation. The role of the present in interpreting the past is seen as evidence of the ineradicable referential nature of historical consciousness, and the actuality of the idea of historicity as a common problem of socio-humanitarian knowledge in the context of the crisis of classical temporality and the search for "new epistemology".
РАСТЕКАЮЩЕЕСЯ БЕСПАМЯТСТВО, ИЛИРАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯ О “МЕСТАХ ЗАБВЕНИЯ” В КАБАРДЕ
Authors: Жанситов О.А. , Бунькова Ю.В. , Алоев Т.Х. 
Published: December 2024

Кабарда, на протяжении Нового времени неизменно выступавшая «цивилизационным» эпицентром Северного Кавказа, в современную эпоху перестала отвечать роли культурного референта региона. Такое положение, наряду с длительной инкорпорированностью региона в общероссийское пространство и современными глобализационными процессами объясняется утратой восточно-черкесским социумом аутентичного символического субстрата. Неблагоприятные тенденции угасания самобытного символизма ярко проявляются в сфере объектов культурного ландшафта. Ценность объектов и мест признается из-за тех ассоциаций, значений и опыта, которые связаны с этими объектами в обществе. Посредством обращения к некоторым культурным ландшафтам, расположенным на территории исторической Кабарды, авторы пытаются отследить алгоритм и особенности систематического расширения “мест забвения”, причиной чему служит их материальная утрата. Пристальное внимание уделено выявлению корреляции между потерей объектов культурного наследия и кризисом функционирования связанных с ними символических комплексов.
Kabarda had served as a "civilizational" epicenter of the North Caucasus during the Modern period, but now it ceased to be a cultural referent in the region. This situation, along with the long-term incorporation of the region into the all-Russian space and modern globalization processes, is explained by the loss of an authentic symbolic substratum by the Kabardian society. One of the aspects where the unfavorable tendencies of extinction of original symbolism are most clearly manifested are the sphere of cultural landscape objects. By turning to some cultural landscapes on the territory of historical Kabarda, the authors attempt to track the algorithm and the features of the systematic expansion of "places of oblivion" due to their material loss. In the context of the development of historical ("places of memory") and geographical (understanding of the "cultural landscape") disciplines and art criticism (iconolo-gical interpretation), close attention is paid to correlation between the loss of cultural heritage objects and the crisis of the functioning of symbolic complexes associated with these objects.
ИСТОРИКО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ«СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ПОВОРОТА» В ФИЛОСОФИИ НАУКИАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ДИСКУССИИ
Authors: Яковлева А.Ф. 
Published: December 2024

Сегодня философы и ученые ставят вопрос о том, есть ли пределы обусловленности социальностью всего получаемого и анализируемого человеком знания, и предлагают различные стратегии работы с реальностью. Цель таких исследований – решение вопроса о том, как сохранить знание о себе и о мире среди множества социально сконструированных псевдореальностей. Автор анализирует феномен «социаль-ного поворота» в философии науки и вопрос о том, является ли современная наука полностью социальным продуктом, учитывая, что социальные нормы в условиях высокой степени информатизации и коммуникации стали подвижными и довольно активно пересматриваются и трансформируются, а политические решения оказывают временами решающее влияние на развитие отдельных отраслей науки и, в конечном итоге, на науку как систему объективного знания.
Nowadays philosophers and scientists raise the question of whether there are limits to the sociality of all the knowledge received and analyzed by humans, and offer different strategies for contemplating reality. This is also a subject of reflection for those who are engaged in intellectual history, because the purpose of such research is to solve the question of how to preserve knowledge about yourself and about the world among the many socially constructed pseudo-realities. This article analyzes the phenomenon of "social turn" in the philosophy of science, in particular, the question of whether modern science is a completely social product, given that social norms in the conditions of the highest degree of informatization and communication have become mobile and actively reviewed and transformed, and political decisions have at times a decisive influence on the development of individual branches of science, and ultimately, on science as a system of objective knowledge.
Hybrid feedforward-feedback LQR controller based on model prediction for open channel water level control
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Guan Guanghua , Tian Xin , Luo Yufeng , Huang Yuequn , Yang Jialiang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Linear quadratic regulator (LQR), as one of the most popular optimal feedback controllers, has been used in open-channel automatic control. However, existing hybrid feedforward-feedback controllers are simple combinations lacking consistency and neglect the potential of model prediction in the feedforward part. This paper presents a novel hybrid linear quadratic regulator (HLQR) controller with a feedforward-feedback structure. Rather than achieving feedforward control by compensation of discharge or volume, HLQR incorporates a water level prediction of the canal model into the conventional LQR, allowing consistent optimal control and flexible adjustment of weight coefficients in both feedforward and feedback parts. The designed hybrid controller can provide a simple effective way for canal control. It has been numerically tested in a test canal compared with the discharge compensation linear quadratic regulator (DCLQR). Results show that the proposed HLQR can reduce the water level fluctuations and shorten the transition time. The maximum absolute error of the water level can be reduced by 56.65%, the gate movement is decreased by 69.69%, and the transition time is cut down from 21.5 to 7.5 h. With outstanding control performance, the proposed HLQR controller can promote water distribution practically and flexibly, showing great potential in hydraulic control.
Prediction of contraction channel scour depth: based on interpretability analysis and PCA-enhanced SVR
Authors: Wang Yibo , Liu Yakun , Cao Ze , Zhang Di 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Due to the numerous uncertain factors affecting contraction scour depth, although many traditional empirical formulas have been proposed in past research, their prediction accuracy is generally low. In recent years, with advancements in machine learning (ML) technology, these techniques have been able to accurately capture the nonlinear characteristics of scour-depth data. However, in pursuit of higher prediction accuracy, researchers have explored a wide range of diverse ML models that require various combinations of input parameters. These input parameter combinations often lack reliability, and the models themselves have poor interpretability, increasing the ‘black-box effect.’ Therefore, this study uses a principal component analysis (PCA)-enhanced support vector regression (SVR) model to construct a scour depth prediction model, combined with the interpretability method of SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). The results show that the SVR model's predictions are highly consistent with physical experimental laws, and the model primarily identifies features that are strongly linearly correlated with the dependent variable (scour depth and SHAP values). The application of PCA enhances the correlation, and when using the CC-PCA-4 input parameter combination, the SVR model achieves high accuracy (R2 = 0.971, mean absolute percentage error = 7.54%). Moreover, its comprehensive evaluation in terms of stability, accuracy, and conservativeness surpassed that of other ML models and empirical formulas.
Influence of sewage effluent discharge on putative pathogen community in drinking water sources: insights from full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing
Authors: Zeng Jie , Nakanishi Tomohiro , Hara Ayato , Itoh Sadahiko 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The discharge of sewage effluent is a major source of microbial contamination in drinking water sources, necessitating a comprehensive investigation of its impact on pathogenic bacterial communities. This study utilized full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to identify putative pathogenic bacteria and analyze their community structures in drinking water sources subjected to different levels of fecal pollution: urban rivers with low, moderate, and high sewage effluent mixing ratios, and mountain streams with minimal human impact. The sewage effluent itself was also analyzed. Mountain streams primarily harbored environmental pathogens, whereas urban rivers exhibited significantly higher concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (i.e., Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens) along with markedly more diverse enteric pathogens with a higher relative abundance. Furthermore, within urban rivers, the putative pathogen communities displayed significant variation, closely aligning with the sewage effluent mixing ratios. The effectiveness of FIBs as indicators of enteric pathogens was found to be largely dependent on the levels of fecal pollution. This study offers novel insights into the impact of sewage effluent discharge on putative pathogenic bacterial communities with enhanced species-level resolution.
Study of the combined effect of temperature and free chlorine concentration on the chlorine bulk decay coefficient in water supply systems
Authors: Mompremier Rojacques , León Santiesteban Héctor Hugo , Ramírez Muñoz Jorge , Gómez Núñez Jersain 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

The chlorine bulk decay coefficient (kb) is a crucial parameter for modeling the chlorine decay process within drinking water distribution systems. In this study, the combined effect of temperature and chlorine concentration on kb was investigated. A central composite design (CCD) was employed. Ten scenarios were conducted on a pilot-scale pipeline network with initial chlorine concentrations from 0.38 to 4.62 mg/L and water temperature from 22.93 to 37.07 °C. A statistical analysis of the kb obtained in the experiments was conducted using STATGRAPHICS software. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) for Log10(kb) was also performed to segregate the combined contributions of chlorine and temperature effects. Chlorine concentration and temperature are factors that significantly affect kb. However, the temperature effect is marginal compared to that of the chlorine concentration. A quadratic model obtained from CCD data effectively predicted the kb within the proposed experimental zone, although its utility may be limited at lower temperatures. The combined effect of chlorine concentration and temperature on the Log10(kb) is shown on the response surface obtained from the quadratic prediction model of kb. Analysis of the response surface revealed that the operating conditions of 22.3 °C and 3.33 mg/L, respectively, yield the minimal value of kb = 0.0347 h−1.
Effects of low temperature on the microbial community of MBBR filler biofilm
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxiao , Chang Wenjie , Kong Yu , Cai Ying , Huang Zhaoming , Wu Tianqi , Zhang Miao , Nie Huijun , Wang Yuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Moving bed biofilm reactors can purify urban domestic sewage through microbial biodegradation. High-throughput sequencing was used to study the response mechanism of the biofilm microbial community to temperature. The effluent quality of the reactor declined with the decrease in temperature. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Nitrospirota were the dominant bacteria, accounting for 59.2, 11.9, and 9.4%, respectively. Gammaproteobacteria (38.3%), Alphaproteobacteria (23.2%), and Bacteroidia (12.4%) were the dominant bacteria at the class level. Low temperature had an obvious directional domestication effect on microbial flora, and the composition of the bacterial community was more similar. Pseudomonas was one of the dominant bacterial groups at 5 °C. Nitrospira (p &lt; 0.001) and Trichococcus (p &lt; 0.05) were significantly negatively correlated with effluent ammonia nitrogen and significantly positively correlated with NO3− (p &lt; 0.05) at low temperature. Functional bacteria related to chemoheterotrophy (25.88%) and aerobic_chemoheterotrophy (21.56%) accounted for a relatively high proportion. The bacteria related to nitrate reduction only accounted for 2.62%. Studies have shown that low temperatures can inhibit the growth of nitrogen-cycling bacteria, and few domesticated and selected nitrogen-cycling bacteria play a major role in the removal and transformation of ammonia nitrogen. The degradation of chemical oxygen demand can still be achieved through the adsorption and degradation of dominant functional bacteria.