bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust analytical proportional‐integral‐derivative tuning rules for regulation of air pressure in supply manifold of proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Authors: Kareem Ghousiya Begum , Ganesan Balasubramanian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe core aim of this manuscript is to recommend analytical tuning rules to regulate and control the air supply pressure moving from the supply manifold (SM) to the electrode (cathode) of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). This is done to have an optimal oxygen excess ratio in the fuel cell for enhanced energy generation. The higher order dynamics of PEMFC is approximated to be non‐integer first‐order stable plus time delay model. A simple proportional ‐integral/proportional‐integral‐derivative (PI/PID) control scheme is designed for a specific maximum sensitivity (Ms) using analytical tuning rules. This, in turn, enhances its dynamic performance by regulating the SM pressure. The proposed integer order PI/PID control technique is compared with the other fractional order IMC‐PI control techniques that are recently published. The simulation results obtained prove that the proposed tuning rules provide a good response compared with fractional order controllers and thereby maintaining the SM pressure. The robustness of the novel controller is analyzed by introducing perturbations and noise to the dynamic model. The tuning rules proposed are applicable for two maximum sensitivity values of 1.4 and 2 as a measure of robustness. To measure system performance, few time domain metrics and integral absolute error (IAE), integral square error (ISE), and TV metrics are used. For both the Ms values, the proposed techniques provide stable and improved responses.
The long shadow of violence: The impact of exposure to intimate partner violence in infancy and early childhood
Authors: Mueller Isabelle , Tronick Ed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEarly exposure to adversities, such as witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) can have long‐lasting impact on infants behavioral, emotional, and neurological development. Yet, research so far has focused on how IPV affects the well‐being of women or on the retrospective effects in older children. The first 2 years of life are characterized by rapid development of brain and behavior, making infants even more vulnerable than women or older children to the detrimental effects of exposure to violence. The goal of this review is to summarize the scientific findings on the effects of IPV on infant brain maturation and related socioemotional development. We describe effects of violence on attachment, symptoms of trauma in infants, and possible pathways involved in how IPV exposure may affect maturation of brain regions related to emotional regulation. We relate affected brain structures to development of stress reactivity (amygdala), memory (hippocampus), the processing of witnessed events itself (auditory and visual cortex), and how these consequences relate to potential subsequent psychopathology.
Hiding in Plain Sight‐ancient Chinese anatomy
Authors: Shaw Vivien , Diogo Rui , Winder Isabelle Catherine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor thousands of years, scientists have studied human anatomy by dissecting bodies. Our knowledge of their findings is limited, however, both by the subsequent loss of many of the oldest texts, and by a tendency toward a Eurocentric perspective in medicine. As a discipline, anatomy tends to be much more familiar with ancient Greek texts than with those from India, China, or Persia. Here, we show that the Mawangdui medical texts, entombed in the Mawangdui burial site in Changsha, China 168 BCE, are the oldest surviving anatomical atlas in the world. These medical texts both predate and inform the later acupuncture texts which have been the foundation for acupuncture practice in the subsequent two millennia. The skills necessary to interpret them are diverse, requiring the researcher firstly to read the original Chinese, and secondly to perform the anatomical investigations that allow a re‐viewing of the structures that the texts refer to. Acupuncture meridians are considered to be esoteric in nature, but these texts are clearly descriptions of the physical body. As such, they represent a previously hidden chapter in the history of anatomy, and a new perspective on acupuncture.
In vitro inhibitory effects of some acetophenone derivatives on some metabolic enzymes and molecular docking
Authors: Taslimi Parham 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, the acetophenone derivatives 1–6 were found to be effective inhibitor molecules for α‐glycosidase, human carbonic anhydrases I and II (hCA I/II), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with Ki values in the range of 167.98 ± 25.06 to 304.36 ± 65.45 µM for α‐glycosidase, 555.76 ± 56.07 to 1,043.66 ± 98.78 µM for hCA I, 598.63 ± 90.04 to 945.76 ± 74.50 µM for hCA II, and 71.34 ± 11.25 to 143.75 ± 31.27 µM for AChE, and IC50 values of 73.65–101.13 µM for tyrosinase. In the last step, molecular docking calculations were performed to compare the biological activities of molecules with their docking scores in these enzymes. The interactions of the studied molecules against human α‐galactosidase (PDB ID: 1R47), hCA I (PDB ID: 3LXE), human AChE (PDB ID: 4M0E), hCA II (PDB ID: 5AML), and human tyrosinase (PDB ID: 5M8Q) were examined to compare the biological activity values. The ADME/T analysis (adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and discharge) was then performed for the future use of these molecules as drugs.
Improvements in Fatigue Lag Behind Disease Remission in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort
Authors: Holdren Melissa , Schieir Orit , Bartlett Susan J. , Bessette Louis , Boire Gilles , Hazlewood Glen , Hitchon Carol A. , Keystone Edward , Tin Diane , Thorne Carter , Bykerk Vivian P. , Pope Janet E. ,   the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort investigators
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between disease activity and fatigue over time in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsData were from patients with early RA (duration of symptoms ≤12 months) enrolled in the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH). Patients rated their fatigue over the past week using an 11‐point numerical rating scale (NRS) for up to 5 years of follow‐up. Fatigue severity was classified as low (≤2), moderate (>2 but <5), or high (≥5). Differences in fatigue ratings in patients who achieved a low disease state (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints [DAS28] <3.2) and those who did not within 3‐months of cohort entry were compared.ResultsOf 1,864 patients included, 88% met RA criteria, and 72% were women. The mean ± SD baseline DAS28 was 4.9 ± 1.5. Nineteen percent of the patients reported moderate baseline fatigue, and 59% reported severe baseline fatigue. Fatigue was correlated with pain and patient global ratings (r = 0.56–0.67, P < 0.001), and was weakly correlated with DAS28, tender joint count, swollen joint count, physician global assessment of disease activity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C‐reactive protein level. Patients who reported low fatigue by 3 months had significantly lower fatigue throughout follow‐up compared to those who had moderate or high fatigue at 3 months (P < 0.001). Patients who achieved a DAS28 <3.2 within 3 months had significantly lower fatigue ratings (mean ± SD 2.7 ± 2.6) than those with a DAS28 >3.2 (4.6 ± 3.0) (P < 0.001), with improvements in fatigue that persisted through 5 years of follow‐up. Maximal improvements in fatigue lagged behind remission by 6 months.ConclusionFatigue is common in early RA, and improvements may occur after remission. Early treatment response within 3‐months was associated with short‐term and long‐term benefits in fatigue over time.
Direct Introduction of Sulfonamide Groups into Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones by Cu‐Catalyzed C3‐H Functionalization
Authors: Tan Yushi , Liu Boyan , Han Ya‐Ping , Zhang Yuecheng , Zhang Hong‐Yu , Zhao Jiquan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDirect sulfonamidation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one derivatives has been developed using a readily available Cu salt as the catalyst and inexpensive ammonium persulfate as the oxidant in moderate conditions. Owing to the feature of handy operation and good functional group tolerance, this method provides a convenient and efficient access to curative 3‐sulfonamidated quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one scaffolds.
Untersuchung, Analyse und Bewertung von Dünenerosionen an der deutschen Ostseeküste
Authors: Saathoff Fokke , Kaehler Christian , Fürst Sebastian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn der Ostseeküste Mecklenburg‐Vorpommerns und Schleswig‐Holsteins wird die Küstenlinie häufig durch Landesküstenschutzdünen geschützt. Im aktuellen Bericht des IPCC werden für die Zukunft ein deutlicher Anstieg des Meeresspiegels und eine Zunahme von Sturmfluten prognostiziert. Dünenbauwerke sind von dieser Entwicklung direkt betroffen. Im BMBF‐Forschungsprojekt PADO untersuchten Wissenschaftler der Professur Geotechnik und Küstenwasserbau (Universität Rostock) zusammen mit verschiedenen Partnern, wie Dünen im Ernstfall in Längsrichtung versagen, wie Polderflächen durch eine Dünenbresche geflutet werden und wie sie sich nach Absinken der Hochwasserwelle wieder entleeren. Für die Untersuchung der Dünendynamik bei Hochwasserereignissen wurde ein großmaßstäbliches Dünenbauwerk an der Ostseeküste in Rostock‐Warnemünde errichtet. Durch eine umfangreiche Instrumentierung des Bauwerks und ein neu entwickeltes innovatives Messsystem konnten alle relevanten Prozesse im Hochwasserfall erfasst werden. Die so gewonnenen Daten dienen u. a. als Grundlage für die Kalibrierung numerischer Modelle, weiterführende Untersuchungen zur Hydrologie im Hinterland und zur umwelt‐ und sozioökonomischen Bewertung der möglichen Auswirkungen. Mit den Ergebnissen des Projekts konnten neue relevante Erkenntnisse zur Dünendynamik generiert und die Bemessungsansätze für Dünen und kombinierte Küstenschutzsysteme mit Dünen und Deichen weiterentwickelt werden.
Bioactive calcium silicate glass synthesized from sustainable biomass wastes
Authors: Punj Shivani , Singh Kulvir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBiomass wastes of corn, sugarcane, and eggshells were used as resources to synthesize calcium silicate glass by applying the melt quench technique. The glasses were characterized by different experimental techniques to check their suitability as bioproducts. The in vitro bioactive properties of the glasses were evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF). As confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, a carbonated amorphous hydroxyapatite layer was formed on the surface of the glass. The ions released from the glasses into SBF were analyzed by microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The dissolution rate of the glass increased with increasing proportion of eggshell powder in it. The Ca/P molar ratio for all the glasses was in the range of 1.78 to 4.1. These bioactive glasses formed carbonated amorphous hydroxyapatite, which can be used to enhance the osteointegration rate in the human body. Bio‐food wastes are a sustainable, environment‐friendly and cost‐effective source for the synthesis of different types of bioproducts. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Restoration and Modification of Magnetosome Biosynthesis by Internal Gene Acquisition in a Magnetotactic Bacterium
Authors: Arakaki Atsushi , Goto Mayu , Maruyama Mina , Yoda Takuto , Tanaka Masayoshi , Yamagishi Ayana , Yoshikuni Yasuo , Matsunaga Tadashi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntegration of a large‐sized DNA fragment into a chromosome is an important strategy for characterization of cellular functions in microorganisms. Magnetotactic bacteria synthesize intracellular organelles comprising membrane‐bound single crystalline magnetite, also referred to as magnetosomes. Magnetosomes have gained interest in both scientific and engineering sectors as they can be utilized as a material for biomedical and nanotechnological applications. Although genetic engineering of magnetosome biosynthesis mechanism has been investigated, the current method requires cumbersome gene preparation processes. Here, the chromosomal integration of a plasmid containing ≈27 magnetosome genes (≈26 kbp region) in a non‐magnetic mutant of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB‐1 using a broad‐host‐range plasmid is shown. The genome sequencing of gene‐complemented strains reveals the chromosomal integration of the plasmid with magnetosome genes at a specific site, most likely by catalysis of an endogenous transposase. Magnetosome production is successfully enhanced by integrating a variation of magnetosome gene operons in the chromosome. This chromosomal integration mechanism will allow the design of functional magnetosomes de novo and M. magneticum AMB‐1 may be used as a chassis for the designed magnetosome production.
Design and evaluation of a continuous semipartition bioreactor for in situ liquid‐liquid extractive fermentation
Authors: Teke George M. , Pott Robert W. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExtractive fermentation (or in situ product removal (ISPR)) is an operational method used to combat product inhibition in fermentations. To achieve ISPR, different separation techniques, modes of operation and physical reactor configurations have been proposed. However, the relative paucity of industrial application necessitates continued investigation into reactor systems. This article outlines a bioreactor designed to facilitate in situ product extraction and recovery, through adapting the reaction volume to include a settler and solvent extraction and recycle section. This semipartition bioreactor is proposed as a new mode of operation for continuous liquid‐liquid extractive fermentation. The design is demonstrated as a modified bench‐top fermentation vessel, initially analysed in terms of fluid dynamic studies, in a model two‐liquid phase system. A continuous abiotic simulation of lactic acid (LA) fermentation is then demonstrated. The results show that mixing in the main reaction vessel is unaffected by the inserted settling zone, and that the size of the settling tube effects the maximum volumetric removal rate. In these tests the largest settling tube gave a potential continuous volumetric removal rate of 7.63 ml/min; sufficiently large to allow for continuous product extraction even in a highly productive fermentation. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed reactor, an abiotic simulation of a LA fermentation was performed. LA was added to reactor continuously at a rate of 33ml/h, while continuous in situ extraction removed the LA using 15% trioctylamine in oleyl alcohol. The reactor showed stable LA concentration of 1 g/L, with the balance of the LA successfully extracted and recovered using back extraction. This study demonstrates a potentially useful physical configuration for continuous in situ extraction.
Metabolic profiling of aromatic compounds in cerebrospinal fluid of neurosurgical patients using microextraction by packed sorbent and liquid–liquid extraction with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Pautova Alisa K. , Khesina Zoya B. , Litvinova Tatiana N. , Revelsky Alexander I. , Beloborodova Natalia V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new approach to the quantitative analysis of aromatic metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid samples of neurosurgical patients based on microextraction by packed sorbent coupled with derivatization and GC–MS was developed. Analytical characteristics such as recoveries (40–90%), limit of detection (0.1–0.3 μm) and limit of quantitation (0.4–0.7 μm) values, accuracy (<±20%), precision (<20%) and linear correlations (R2 ≥ 0.99) over a 0.4–10 μm range of concentrations demonstrated that microextraction by packed sorbent provides results for the quantitative analysis of target compounds comparable with those for liquid–liquid extraction. Similar results were achieved using 40 μl of sample for microextraction by packed sorbent instead of 200 μl for liquid–liquid extraction. Benzoic, 3‐phenylpropionic, 3‐phenyllactic, 4‐hydroxybenzoic, 2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)acetic, homovanillic and 3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)lactic acids were found in cerebrospinal fluid samples (n = 138) of neurosurgical patients in lower concentrations than in serum samples (n = 110) of critically ill patients. Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples taken at the same time from neurosurgical patients (n = 5) revealed similar results for patients without infection and multidirectional results for patients with central nervous system infection. Our preliminary results demonstrate the necessity of further evaluating the aromatic compound profile in cerebrospinal fluid for its subsequent verification for potential diagnostic markers.
Metabolomics analysis of multidrug resistance in colorectal cancer cell and multidrug resistance reversal effect of verapamil
Authors: Wang Xinying , Wang Zihan , Wang Kaili , Gao Ming , Zhang Hang , Xu Xia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMultidrug resistance remains a huge challenge in the chemotherapy of cancer and numerous studies have reported that P‐glycoprotein is the most common mechanism of multidrug resistance. Verapamil has been shown to be able to reverse development of multidrug resistance mediated by P‐glycoprotein. However, the mechanism of action for verapamil in reversing multidrug resistance at the metabolic level has been rarely reported. In this research, we report the reversal effect of verapamil on multidrug resistance and its mechanisms of action using metabolomics. The results show that the P‐glycoprotein‐mediated chemotherapy drug resistance was significantly reversed by verapamil in resistant SW620/Ad300 cells. In‐depth studies demonstrated that verapamil at reversal concentration had no effect on the P‐glycoprotein expression level, but increased intramolecular accumulation of paclitaxel in SW620/Ad300 cells. Metabolomics revealed that the multidrug resistance of SW620/Ad300 cells was related to changes in glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and citric acid cycle, and verapamil could antagonize the multidrug resistance by reversing the above‐mentioned glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. This research shows the multidrug resistance reversal mechanism of verapamil at the metabolic level, which helps in understanding the exact multidrug resistance mechanism of verapamil and might be potentially useful to find new multidrug resistance reversal agents.

The combination of verapamil (VRP) and paclitaxel (PTX) yielded synergistic effects.
VRP had no effect on the expression of P‐gp, but increased intramolecular accumulation of PTX.
VRP antagonized the MDR by regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism.
For green or not for green? The effect of cooperation goals and type on environmental performance
Authors: Calza Francesco , Parmentola Adele , Tutore Ilaria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough many scholars have demonstrated that companies engaged in collaborations achieve better environmental performance than other companies, existing studies have not analyzed in depth whether this effect changes considering the characteristics of cooperation. Our paper aims to explore whether collaboration with other companies always has a positive effect on environmental performance or whether it depends on cooperation goals, collaboration type, or company size. Empirical analysis based on a sample of 773 European companies demonstrated that an external source of knowledge is an important way to foster firms' environmental proactivity, especially when environmental goals are shared at the basis of collaboration. Second, we verified that companies involved in JVs with environmental goals achieve greater environmental performance than companies that use M&As to acquire external knowledge. Finally, we demonstrated that it is more important for small companies to be involved in environmental collaboration than larger ones.
Solid–fluid separation in the gravitational field: Courseware generation using computational fluid dynamics simulation
Authors: Almeida Natalia Pazin , Canhadas Maynara Cipriano , Albertini Madeleine Rocio Medrano Castillo , Santos Kassia Graciele dos , Vieira Neto José Luiz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe growth of the Brazilian economy has resulted in an increased demand for engineers and the expansion of Brazilian Universities. As for the teaching of unit operations, a lack of interactive and illustrative courseware was observed. The modeling and simulation tools are excellent alternatives to predict the particle and fluid dynamics and have been used in the design and optimization of industry equipment, providing information in areas where it is difficult to acquire experimental measurements. This paper shows simulations using the computational fluid dynamics technique of the exercises presented in a course on solid–fluid separation in the gravitational field, such as sand chambers, dust chamber, horizontal and vertical elutriators. The effect of size, shape, and density of particles on the collection efficiency was evaluated. Figures and videos generated in this study will facilitate students' understanding of the phenomena involved in the particle collection inside those separation devices.
Gain of 1q21 is an adverse prognostic factor for multiple myeloma patients treated by autologous stem cell transplantation: A multicenter study in China
Authors: Gao Wen , Jian Yuan , Du Juan , Li Xiaozhe , Zhou Huixing , Zhang Zhiyao , Yang Guangzhong , Wang Guorong , Tian Ying , Li Yanchen , Wu Yin , Fu Weijun , Li Juan , Chen Wenming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been recommended as a standard approach for young multiple myeloma (MM) patients for decades, even in the era of novel agents. Gain of chromosome 1q21 is a common cytogenetic abnormality in MM, while its clinical prognostic value is still controversial.MethodsIn this multicenter study, we retrospectively analyzed 1q21 gain in 446 newly diagnosed MM patients who received at least one ASCT from three large myeloma centers in China.ResultsOf the all 446 patients, 1q21 gain was an adverse predictor of progression‐free survival (PFS) (34 vs 56 months, P = .005) and overall survival (OS) (69 vs 100 months, P = .002). Gain of 1q21 was more likely to coexist with t(4;14), t(14;16), and del(13q). Nevertheless, isolated 1q21 gain still exhibited unfavorable effects on PFS (35 vs 66 months, P = .045) and OS (61 vs 100 months, P = .026). The coexistence of 1q21 gain and high‐risk cytogenetics (HRCs) [del(17p), t(4;14),and/or t(14;16)] showed poor prognosis on both PFS and OS, while no additional adverse effect could be identified when compared with HRCs alone. Moreover, when coexisting with t(11;14), patients with 1q21 gain showed a comparable survival to those without 1q21 gain. For patients treated with novel induction regimens followed by ASCT, 1q21 gain also conferred an inferior prognosis. Multivariate analysis further confirmed 1q21 gain could independently predict shorter PFS and OS.ConclusionIn conclusion, 1q21 gain is an adverse prognostic factor for MM patients received ASCT.