bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compliance under distrust: do people comply less when they feel distrusted?
Authors: Mendoza Juan P , Wielhouwer Jacco L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Several studies indicate that people are less compliant when they feel distrusted. This can pose a challenge for public administration, as some forms of control may signal distrust towards people and could undermine their motivation to comply. In this study, we question whether feeling distrusted is necessarily negative for compliance. In two experiments on tax compliance (N = 239), we examine the case in which the individual is distrusted by the authority. Mediation analyses indicate that distrust reduces opportunism, and this is in turn associated with higher compliance. In a survey experiment on compliance with COVID-19 rules (N = 590), we examine the case in which the individual’s group is distrusted by other members of society. A mediation analysis indicates that distrust increases opportunism, but only for participants who already see themselves as less compliant than average, and this is in turn associated with a lower willingness to comply in the near future. These findings challenge the notion that distrust necessarily leads to retaliation or negative reciprocity, and indicate that the cautious communication of distrust may even be positive in some cases.
Multi-source inference via mixture of hidden Markov models: application to regional labour statistics in Italy
Authors: Filipponi Danila , Guarnera Ugo , Varriale Roberta 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The increased availability of a large amount of administrative information suggests investigating new methodological approaches for the production of estimates, based on integrating and combining administrative and statistical survey data. We show how latent variable models can be used for estimating employment proportions in the Italian regions using survey and administrative data, taking into account the deficiencies in the corresponding measurement process and the longitudinal structure of the data. To this purpose, we adopt a mixture of hidden Markov models, a longitudinal extension of latent class analysis; in the model specification, we consider covariates and unobserved heterogeneity of the latent process among the units of the population. The mixture of hidden Markov model is used to evaluate the accuracy of the available administrative sources, to define their use in the statistical production, and to produce statistics on employment status at both regional and national levels of aggregation of the entire population.
Design, validation, and implementation of multiplex digital PCR assays for simultaneous quantification of multiple targets
Authors: de Korne-Elenbaas Jolinda , Caduff Lea , Lison Adrian , McLeod Rachel , Pitton Melissa , Gan Charles , Julian Timothy R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and digital PCR (dPCR) are applied for quantifying molecular targets in disease diagnostics, pathogen detection, and ecological monitoring. Uptake of dPCR is increasing due to its higher quantification accuracy relative to qPCR, which stems from its independence from standard curves and its increased resistance to PCR inhibitors. Throughput can be increased through multiplexing, which allows simultaneous quantification of multiple targets. However, multiplexing with dPCR faces unique challenges relative to qPCR. Here, we describe the three-phase development process of non-competing multiplex dPCR assays using target-specific fluorescently labeled hydrolysis probes. We highlight common challenges encountered, along with recommended solutions. Phase 1: In silico assay design; target-specific primers and probes are selected or designed, potential issues with primer and probe interactions are identified, and fluorophores and quenchers are chosen based on dPCR instrumentation. Phase 2: Wet-lab validation; assays are benchmarked using positive controls. Insufficient performance leads to assay redesign, as needed. Phase 3: Assay implementation; assay specificity and sensitivity are validated on relevant sample matrices. Finally, we provide recommendations on the future design and standardization of multiplexed dPCR assays, highlighting the need for better in silico predictions of assay performance, standardizing positive controls, and automating partition classification systems.
Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and gene expression assessment of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) essential oil on drug-resistant gastrointestinal pathogens and its combination effect with ampicillin
Authors: Ozma Mahdi Asghari , Alileh Niloofar Fallahi , Abbasi Amin , Mahdavi Sina , Fadaee Manouchehr , Nezhadi Javad , Ozma Masoud Asghari , Asgharzadeh Mohammad , Kafil Hossein Samadi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Essential oils are natural substances used as therapeutic agents and food preservatives to inhibit harmful microorganisms. This study aimed to assess the synergistic effect of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil and ampicillin on antibiotic-resistant gastrointestinal pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella serotype Typhimurium. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the main components of T. ammi essential oil were identified as thymol, gamma terpenes, and cymene. The antibacterial and antibiofilm properties were evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), disk diffusion, and microtiter plate methods, revealing MIC values of 2, 1, 4, and 4 mg ml−1 for E. coli, E. faecalis, S. flexneri, and S. Typhimurium, respectively, and inhibition zones between 10 and 14 mm. Pathogens were examined for their biofilm-related virulence genes, including aggR, esp, icsA, and fliC, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in E. coli, E. faecalis, S. flexneri, and S. Typhimurium, respectively. The methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the essential oil’s effect on the viability of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells, which showed cell viability of over 80%. The combination of T. ammi oil and ampicillin demonstrated a synergistic effect, and biofilm formation was inhibited. E. faecalis exhibited the greatest sensitivity, while S. flexneri exhibited the lowest sensitivity.
‘With a Gesture, a Smile, a Glance’: Felix Salten Performing Vienna and Decoding Acculturation
Authors: Eisele Theresa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article accompanies Felix Salten, author of Bambi and popular journalist in fin-de-siècle Vienna, in his efforts to observe, negotiate, and perform social role performances in the modern city. Linking Jewish Cultural Studies with theatre theory, it argues that Salten developed an understanding for the performative qualities of society through his sensibility as a theatre critic, and that he positioned Jewish belonging within this performative framework as thoroughly corporeal. His writings, thus, articulate his Jewish experiences for his Vienna contemporaries as a physical practice of socialization—thereby decentring acculturation as a merely Jewish practice, while also unravelling a praxeology of belonging via attention, gaze, and posture.
Gathering Validity Evidence for the Bushmaster Assessment Tool
Authors: Elkins Ethan , Lee Yen , Dong Ting , Durning Steven J , Barry Erin S 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The education of military medical providers typically relies on assessments with established passing parameters to help ensure individuals are equipped to care for those in harm’s way. Evaluations of medical knowledge are often provided by governing bodies and are supported by strong validity evidence. In contrast, assessing an individual’s leadership skills presents a challenge, as tools with robust validity evidence for leadership evaluation are not yet as widely available as clinical assessment tools. This challenge becomes even more complex in simulated environments designed to mimic intense operational conditions.

Materials and Methods
An instrument has been implemented to assess students explicitly in a variety of graded roles with varying responsibilities. Faculty rate each student on their character, context, leadership-transcendent skills, communication, and competence using a 4-point Likert scale. This project used confirmatory factor analyses to assess the validity evidence of the instrument used during Bushmaster with data gathered from 645 School of Medicine students and 170 faculty evaluators from 2021 to 2023 resulting in 2863 evaluations.

Results
Overall, the one-factor structure was confirmed with Tucker Lewis Index &gt;0.95, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation &lt;0.03, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual &lt;0.03; student or faculty assessment had a small effect on item scores (interclass correlation &lt;0.19) while the assigned position significantly affected the item score. The evaluation score of behavioral health officer and platoon leader was higher than the evaluation score of surgeon.

Conclusions
This study provides validity evidence for the Bushmaster leader assessment tool, confirming its ability to measure leader performance in military medical education. The findings highlight the importance of standardized faculty training in ensuring consistent evaluations, as variations in scores were influenced more by evaluation conditions than by differences among students or evaluators.
The Impact of Critical Speed and Lean Body Mass on Load Carriage Performance for Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps Cadets
Authors: Dicks Nathan D , Mahoney Sean J , Barry Allison M , Christensen Bryan K , Pettitt Robert W , Hackney Kyle J 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Load carriage is an inherent part of tactical operations. Critical speed (CS) has been associated with technical and combat-specific performance measures (e.g., loaded running). The 3-min all-out exercise test provides estimates of CS and the maximal capacity to displace the body (Dʹ) at speeds above CS. The current study investigated the contributions of CS, Dʹ, lean body mass (LBM), thigh lean mass (TLM), and lower body isokinetic strength and endurance parameters related to load carriage time trials (LCTTs).

Methods
Twenty-two Reserve Officers’ Training Corps cadets (6 = females, age = 20.82 ± 1.59 years) underwent various assessments that included a running 3-minute all-out test to determine CS and Dʹ, isokinetic knee extension (KE) muscle strength and endurance, body composition assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorption, and two 21-kg LCTTs of 400 and 3,200 m, respectively. Pearson’s product-moment correlations investigated relationships between selected predictor variables. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between variables that predicted LCTT performance.

Results
Significant correlations were as follows: LBM and CS (r = 0.651, P &lt; .001), KE endurance work and CS (r = 0.645, P &lt; .001), TLM and CS (r = 0.593, P &lt; .05), and KE peak torque and CS (r = 0.529, P &lt; .05). The stepwise regression analyses indicated that CS and LBM contributed significantly to predicting 3,200-m LCTT (F [2,19] = 81.85, R2 = 0.90, P &lt; .001) with standardized β coefficients (−0.723 and −0.301, respectively). Thigh lean mass contributed significantly to predicting the 400-m LCTT (F [1,20] = 46.586, R2 = 0.70, P &lt; .001) with a standardized β coefficient (−0.836).

Conclusion
The results of this study highlight that CS and LBM were the best predictors of the 3,200-m LCTT, and TLM was the best predictor of the 400-m LCTT. The findings of this study support that CS and LBM, including TLM, are important in predicting load carriage task completion in the time trial tasks.
Combination checkpoint blockade and laser interstitial thermal therapy in radiographically progressive non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases
Authors: Haskell-Mendoza Aden P , Srinivasan Ethan S , Gonzalez Ariel T , Reason Ellery H , Jackson Joshua D , Flusche Ann Marie , Wachsmuth Lucas P , Lerner Emily , Underwood Delaney , Buckley Evan D , Zaidi Saif E , Herndon James E , Fecci Peter E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive surgical treatment being employed frequently for radiographically progressive brain metastases. Considerable interest exists in combining LITT-mediated in situ vaccination to license immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). No studies have examined the clinical feasibility of this combination in brain metastases.

Methods
All patients receiving LITT for radiographically progressive non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) brain metastases at a single center from 2015 to 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Combination therapy was defined as ICB within 6 weeks of LITT. Clinical data, post-LITT freedom from local progression, and overall survival (OS) were collected. Adverse events (AEs) were evaluated according to Common Terminology Criteria.

Results
Eighteen patients received LITT + ICB for a total of 19 lesions. The median time between therapies was 2.29 weeks (range 0.85–5.98). In comparison to NSCLC patients receiving LITT alone or with targeted therapy (LITT only) (n = 25), there was no decrement in procedural outcomes. Patients receiving LITT + ICB discontinued steroids at a median of 11 (4–147) days post-LITT vs. 24 (3–242) days for patients receiving LITT only (P = .62). At study cutoff, the local control rate was 18/19 (94.7%) lesions in the LITT + ICB group and 22/25 (88.0%) in the LITT only group. There were 3 and 5 AEs ≥Grade 3 in the LITT + ICB and LITT-only groups, respectively.

Conclusions
Combination of LITT and ICB does not compromise procedural outcomes or time to steroid discontinuation in NSCLC. Prospective studies are needed to assess biomarkers of immune response.
Core factor of NEXT complex, ZCCHC8, governs the silencing of LINE1 during spermatogenesis
Authors: Yan Rushuang , Qi Meijie , Zhang Pengfei , Shen Bin , Yin Jiqing , Chen Chuan , Tian Silin , Chen Lin , Huang Xingxu , Wang Hong , Gao Shaorong , Wu You , Gao Yawei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The overactivation of transposable elements (TEs) is a significant threat to male reproduction, particularly during the delicate process of spermatogenesis. Here, we report that zinc finger protein ZCCHC8—a key component of the nuclear exosome targeting (NEXT) complex that is involved in ribonucleic acid (RNA) surveillance—is required for TE silencing during spermatogenesis. Loss of ZCCHC8 results in delayed meiotic progression and reduced production of round spermatids (RS). We observed that young long-interspersed nuclear element (LINE1, L1) subfamilies that are targeted by ZCCHC8 were upregulated in both spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) and pachytene spermatocytes (PS) of Zcchc8 null testes. Further study found that a reduced H3K9me3 modification in SSC and elevated H3 lysine 4 trimethylation in the PS of Zcchc8 KO mice occurred upon young L1, especially L1Md_A, which may have contributed to impairment of the chromatin condensation from PS to RS during spermatogenesis. This study highlights the crucial role of RNA surveillance-mediated chromatin repression by the NEXT complex during spermatogenesis.
Intuiting the Archive: When the Women Are Unidentified
Authors: Masola Athambile 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins with the problem of erasure: captions on a photograph render a group of black women at Lovedale Girls Institution in South Africa “unidentified.” Using photographs as a starting point, the chapter considers the historical implications of erasing black women’s names and stories. Rather than offering a chronological and historiographical account of these women’s lives, the chapter considers the research methodology of intuiting the archive to find the names of the unidentified women. By focusing on the friendship between Tause Soga and Martha Kwatsha, the chapter offers a way of reading a scattered archive, which includes listening to photographs that provide glimpses of aliveness and interiority. At the heart of this methodology is the creation of imbali enobuntu, a historiography that humanizes black women. This chapter also makes use of personal narrative and historical imagination as a response to the marginality and erasure that dehumanize black women. It is through imbali enobuntu that we can center black women’s aliveness and not merely bodies who passed through history. This centering insists on voice and relationality, which challenge the erasure, and marginality, which silences black women’s stories. This chapter challenges the carelessness when it comes to black women’s names, stories, and personhood.
Adorno’s Theory of Film, Radio, and Television
Authors: Powell Larson 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although Adorno’s thoughts on media, which were never stated in systematic form, were long marginalized by the dominance of Medientheorie (especially in Friedrich Kittler’s influential version), they have recently been subject to reconsideration. In particular, the clichéd view of him as an enemy of film has been corrected by increased attention to his later essays on that medium. Adorno’s view of film, defined partly against Walter Benjamin’s preference for montage, turns out to have surprising kinship to André Bazin. His work on radio, first in the United States and then in postwar Germany, is at once critical of commercial music broadcasting and also imagines the medium in experimental ways. The establishment of a definitive edition of his work on film music with Hanns Eisler has stimulated new thought on that work as well. Even television may be used as a pedagogical medium for Adorno. The conclusion considers the extension of Adorno’s critique to digitalization.
The Cities of Lycia
Authors: Hülden Oliver 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although influenced by Greek culture since the Archaic period, the main part of Lycia was not part of the Greek world in pre-Hellenistic times and there were only a few Greek colonies in the east of the region. The larger Lycian settlements were turned into poleis after the decline of the dynasts, the aristocratic Lycian ruler elite, around the middle of the 4th century bc. In the Hellenistic period, institutions based on the Greek model were gradually adopted and a phase of urbanization of the Lycian settlements set in. In ad 43 the region became a province of the Roman Empire and the development of the urban infrastructure continued to progress, only interfered by heavy earthquakes in the 1st and 2nd centuries ad. Despite the increase of Roman influence in the Imperial period, Lycia remained rooted in the Greek world and its own cultural heritage.
The Cities of Egypt
Authors: van Minnen Peter 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter surveys the cities in Roman Egypt with a focus on their inhabitants and their civic institutions. The establishment of the Roman province of Egypt eventually led to growth and prosperity. This resulted in material and structural changes in cities and in a new relation with their hinterland. In the 2nd century ad, Egyptian cities monumentalized, and new civic institutions (magistrates and, after ad 200, a council) eventually dominated urban life as well as the administration of the immediate hinterland. By the 4th century ad, cities in Roman Egypt had become very much like cities elsewhere in the Roman East—and vice versa.
Ambushing the Wild and Following the Herds: Archaeozoological Review of Human Occupation of the Iranian Mountains from the Middle Palaeolithic to the Late Neolithic
Authors: Mashkour Marjan , Davoudi Hossein 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The intricate and long-standing relationship between human communities and highland areas is a fundamental aspect of the archaeology of the Iranian Plateau characterized by two major mountain ranges: the Zagros to the west and the Alborz to the north. The altitudinal range of these mountains served as natural habitats for the wild ancestors of herbivores such as the goat that were later domesticated in the Zagros. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of subsistence economies and the different trajectories of human settlement from the Middle Palaeolithic to Late Neolithic, along these two mountain ranges, based on archaeozoological data of sixty sites composed of caves, rock shelters, and artificial mounds. While Zagros has the most abundant data from the Middle and Late Palaeolithic to the late Neolithic, the Alborz region is distinguished by its Epipalaeolithic settlements. Settlements in higher altitudinal zones are documented in the Zagros up to more than 2,000 m ASL while around 1,500 m ASL in the Alborz. In both regions the presence of caprines, first wild and then domesticated, is a major feature of subsistence economies of highland areas. Differences in the biodiversity and environmental settings are also visible in the two regions. Among wild herbivores, besides caprines, the continuous presence of gazelles should be highlighted in the Alborz versus the presence of equids and red deer in the Zagros. A major shift in the acquisition of faunal resources is expressed by the significant increase in sheep and goat with the transition from Palaeolithic to the Neolithic and the advent of domestication.
The Invention of the Sonnet
Authors: Pich Federica 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The chapter reflects on the transnational fortune of the sonnet, and in particular of the “Italian sonnet,” from the time of its invention to the present. After an introductory section, the argument is organized into three parts, each addressing an opposition that is essential to what a sonnet is and does. The self-contained shape of the sonnet allows for both monody and dialogue, for both closure and connections within larger poetic structures. Similarly, the narrowness suggested by its fourteen-line measure and rhyme schemes proves inseparable from the wealth of discursive possibilities sparked by the infinitely varied balance between its internal partitions. Finally, the recognizable visual shape and object-like character of the sonnet coexist with its lyric and dynamic quality, dominated by voice and address. While acknowledging the enduring connection between the sonnet and Petrarch, the conclusion questions the persistence of a deep cultural perception of the assumed “Italianness” of the form.
The Matter of “Race”: Race-Thinking, Racism, and the Construction of “Italianness”
Authors: Patriarca Silvana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Drawing on a variety of different texts, the essay underlines the longue durée of the racial or descent-based idea of Italianness, an idea that we can trace back to the national patriotism of the Risorgimento and that continues to exist even today in our supposedly post-racial era. This occurs notwithstanding the fact that Italians cannot claim any kind of ethnic homogeneity, if such a thing exists anywhere. The struggle for national unification and independence constituted the beginning of a national “raciology,” namely of a discourse on race that made the Italians into a distinctive group of people, and contrasted this people to others, often in a hierarchical fashion. Race-thinking was followed by the institutionalization of practices of racial discrimination first in the colonies and then, under Fascism, also against the small minority of Italians of Jewish background. Italianness also continued to be implicitly understood in somatic/chromatic terms after the fall of the dictatorship and the (slow) process of decolonization. Ideas and stereotypes of racial differences (as well as hierarchies of race) continued to circulate in Italian society, and even today a color line—although contested—defines in the eyes of most Italians who “truly” belongs in the nation and who does not.