bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENIGMA‐anxietyworking group: Rationale for and organization oflarge‐scaleneuroimaging studies of anxiety disorders
Authors: Bas‐Hoogendam Janna Marie , Groenewold Nynke A. , Aghajani Moji , Freitag Gabrielle F. , Harrewijn Anita , Hilbert Kevin , Jahanshad Neda , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Thompson Paul M. , Veltman Dick J. , Winkler Anderson M. , Lueken Ulrike , Pine Daniel S. , van der Wee Nic J. A. , Stein Dan J. ,   ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnxiety disorders are highly prevalent and disabling but seem particularly tractable to investigation with translational neuroscience methodologies. Neuroimaging has informed our understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety disorders, but research has been limited by small sample sizes and low statistical power, as well as heterogenous imaging methodology. The ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group has brought together researchers from around the world, in a harmonized and coordinated effort to address these challenges and generate more robust and reproducible findings. This paper elaborates on the concepts and methods informing the work of the working group to date, and describes the initial approach of the four subgroups studying generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. At present, the ENIGMA‐Anxiety database contains information about more than 100 unique samples, from 16 countries and 59 institutes. Future directions include examining additional imaging modalities, integrating imaging and genetic data, and collaborating with other ENIGMA working groups. The ENIGMA consortium creates synergy at the intersection of global mental health and clinical neuroscience, and the ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group extends the promise of this approach to neuroimaging research on anxiety disorders.
Designing a multi‐component intervention (P3‐MumBubVax) to promote vaccination in antenatal care in Australia
Authors: Kaufman Jessica , Attwell Katie , Hauck Yvonne , Leask Julie , Omer Saad B. , Regan Annette , Danchin Margie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIssue addressedCoverage of maternal influenza and pertussis vaccines remains suboptimal in Australia, and pockets of low childhood vaccine coverage persist nationwide. Maternal vaccine uptake is estimated to be between 35% and 60% for influenza vaccination and between 65% and 80% for pertussis vaccination. Australian midwives are highly trusted and ideally placed to discuss vaccines with expectant parents, but there are no evidence‐based interventions to optimise these discussions and promote maternal and childhood vaccine acceptance in the Australian public antenatal setting.MethodsWe gathered qualitative data from Australian midwives, reviewed theoretical models, and adapted existing vaccine communication tools to develop the multi‐component P3‐MumBubVax intervention. Through 12 interviews at two Australian hospitals, we explored midwives’ vaccination attitudes and values, perceived role in vaccine advocacy and delivery, and barriers and enablers to intervention implementation. Applying the theory‐based P3 intervention model, we designed intervention components targeting the Practice, Provider and Parent levels. Midwives provided feedback on prototype intervention features through two focus groups.ResultsThe P3‐MumBubVax intervention includes practice‐level prompts and identification of a vaccine champion. Provider‐level components are a vaccine communication training module, learning exercise, and website with printable fact sheets. Parent‐level intervention components include text message reminders to receive influenza and pertussis vaccines in pregnancy, as well as online information on vaccine safety, effectiveness and disease severity.ConclusionsThe P3‐MumBubVax intervention is the first Australian antenatal intervention designed to support both maternal and childhood vaccine uptake. A pilot study is underway to inform a planned cluster randomised controlled trial.So what?Barriers to vaccine acceptance and uptake are complex. The P3 model is a promising evidence‐informed multi‐component intervention strategy targeting all three levels influencing health care decision‐making.
Normative references and clinical correlates of fetal umbilical artery Doppler indices in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Awowole Ibraheem O. , Kuti Oluwafemi , Asaleye Christianah M. , Badejoko Olusegun O. , Bola‐Oyebamiji Sekinah B. , Olatunji Richard B. , Sowemimo Oluwaseun O. , Ayodele Sidikat A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo derive normative references for umbilical artery (UA) Doppler indices, including pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and systolic/diastolic (SD) ratio, for singleton pregnancies in Ile‐Ife, Nigeria, and compare them with reference values from other populations.MethodsA longitudinal study involving 415 women with a singleton fetus at 26–40 gestational weeks attending Obafemi Awolowo University Hospital, Ile‐Ife, between July 2015 and March 2019. Fetal UA PI, RI, and SD ratio were measured every 4 weeks until delivery. Reference values from the 2.5th to the 97.5th centiles were derived from 1375 measurements. Correlations between indices and bio‐demographic characteristics were assessed; regression equations were generated.ResultsThe RI, PI, and SD ratio decreased by 0.013, 0.027, and 0.71, respectively, for each additional week of pregnancy. There was a negative correlation between the three indices and birthweight (P<0.001), but not maternal parity, age, or fetal gender. Regression equations for RI, PI, and SD ratio were, respectively, 1.004 – 0.013x, 1.78 – 0.027x, and 4.77 – 0.71x, where x is gestational age (weeks).ConclusionThe derived normative references for fetal UA Doppler indices are recommended for monitoring high‐risk pregnancies in Nigeria. The indices are comparable to those derived from Norwegian, Thai, and British cohorts.
Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of irrigation water requirement for main crops in the plain area of Hebei Province*
Authors: Cheng Minghan , Jiao Xiyun , Guo Weihua , Wang Shufang , Pan Yanchuan , Zhang Hang , Sang Honghui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe spatial and temporal distribution of agricultural water requirement can provide a scientific basis for regional drought and disaster mitigation management and optimal allocation of irrigation water resources. The irrigation water requirement and irrigation water requirement index of the Hebei Plain during 57 years were calculated by a long series of data of 22 weather stations from 1961 to 2017, and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics were also analysed. The results show that (a) in this long‐term series, the irrigation water requirement was between 164 and 759 mm, and the irrigation water requirement index was between 0.33 and 0.78, which fluctuated between 1961 and 2017, and in 1977 began to show a downward trend; (b) irrigation water requirement and irrigation water requirement index in the Hebei Plain area had obvious seasonal changes during the year. Irrigation water requirement and irrigation water requirement index were the largest in April, the reasons for this phenomenon being high evapotranspiration and low effective precipitation; (c) the spatial distribution of irrigation water requirement and irrigation water requirement index in the Hebei Plain area are significantly different, both of which are larger in the central region and smaller in the Northeast and Southwest regions.
RNA‐sequencing‐based transcriptome analysis of cantharidin‐induced myocardial injury
Authors: Zhang Youyou , Liu Liang , Ren Liang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe cardiotoxicity of cantharidin has been well characterized, but the understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) is incomplete. To more fully understand the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cantharidin‐induced myocardial injury, Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed to cantharidin (1.34 mg/kg or 2.67 mg/kg) for 24 h and then the heart was sampled for pathologic changes analysis and RNA‐sequencing‐based transcriptomic profiling. In addition, serum troponin T (TN‐T) levels were also tested using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method. The results showed that cantharidin could cause myocardial damage and elevated serum TN‐T levels. The genes with a fold change ≥2 were considered as DEGs and we found 38 DEGs that were mainly enriched in eight pathways revealed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. The cellular component of gene ontology analysis showed that the DEGs were mostly enriched in the extracellular matrix. In conclusion, our present study demonstrated that cantharidin induces myocardial injury by multiple modulatory mechanisms, which provide new insights for further study of the pathophysiologic mechanism of cantharidin‐induced myocardial injury.
Development of NSAID‐loaded nano‐composite scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications
Authors: Zehra Mubashra , Mehmood Azra , Yar Muhammad , Shahzadi Lubna , Riazuddin Sheikh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractScar free healing together with pain management is one of the major considerations in full thickness wound healing. Extensive wounds take longer to heal without any clinical intervention and, hence, need natural or artificial extracellular matrix support for quick skin regeneration. To address these issues, medicated 3D porous biomimetic scaffolds were developed with a unique combination of biopolymers, that is, chitosan, sodium alginate, and elastin, supplemented with a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID). Scaffolds were physically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), swelling ratio analysis, and degradation studies. Findings of the performed analyses proved that these skin substitutes suitable for skin tissue engineering applications attributable to their nano‐microporous structures (pore size in range of 0.085–256 μm) allowing cell infiltration and high‐water absorption capacity for management of wound exudates. Optimal dose of the loaded ibuprofen was estimated by evaluating effect of variable concentrations of ibuprofen (control, ILM‐10, ILM‐15, and ILM‐20) on adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) proliferation rate. Out of all experimental groups, ILM‐20 constructs were found to accelerate the proliferation rate of seeded ASCs confirming their non‐cytotoxic characteristics as well potential to be used for translational scaffold‐based therapies.
Microstructural evolution and corrosion behavior of a laser surface modified cast Co–Cr–Mo–C alloy
Authors: Erfanian‐Nazif‐Toosi Hamid‐Reza , Rodriguez Mario , López Hugo F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA Co–Cr–Mo–C biomedical alloy was processed by investment casting, and its surface was modified using pulsed laser melting. The modified surface underwent rapid solidification, and the exhibited microstructure as well as its corrosion properties were investigated. It was found that the laser surface modified (LSM) Co–Cr–Mo–C alloy possesses enhanced corrosion resistance when compared with the same alloy in the as‐cast condition. Microstructural determinations indicated that the LSM Co–Cr–Mo–C alloy exhibited a lack significant solute segregation and a predominantly cellular morphology as a result of the development of a cellular solid–liquid front. The cellular morphology was characterized by a fine distribution of nano‐scale M23C6 carbides at the intercellular regions. Moreover, the austenite (γ) to athermal ε‐martensite transformation was totally suppressed in the cellular solidified regions. In contrast, the as‐cast alloy develops a coarse dendritic microstructure with coarse carbides in the interdendritic regions. Solute segregation is also present, as well as athermal ε‐martensite (13 pct). It was found that the corrosion resistance of the LSM alloy in the Ringer solution exhibits improved corrosion potential and a reduced corrosion current density (−281 mV and 0.032 μA/cm2, respectively),when compared with the same alloy in the investment as‐cast condition (−356 mV and 0.150 μA/cm2).
Quantum chemical topology at the spin–orbit configuration interaction level: Application to astatine compounds
Authors: Gomez Pech Cecilia , Haase Pi A. B. , Sergentu Dumitru‐Claudiu , Borschevsky Anastasia , Pilmé Julien , Galland Nicolas , Maurice Rémi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report a methodology that allows the investigation of the consequences of the spin–orbit coupling by means of the QTAIM and ELF topological analyses performed on top of relativistic and multiconfigurational wave functions. In practice, it relies on the “state‐specific” natural orbitals (NOs; expressed in a Cartesian Gaussian‐type orbital basis) and their occupation numbers (ONs) for the quantum state of interest, arising from a spin–orbit configuration interaction calculation. The ground states of astatine diatomic molecules (AtX with X = AtF) and trihalide anions (IAtI−, BrAtBr−, and IAtBr−) are studied, at exact two‐component relativistic coupled cluster geometries, revealing unusual topological properties as well as a significant role of the spin–orbit coupling on these. In essence, the presented methodology can also be applied to the ground and/or excited states of any compound, with controlled validity up to including elements with active 5d, 6p, and/or 5f shells, and potential limitations starting with active 6d, 7p, and/or 6f shells bearing strong spin–orbit couplings.
Associations between practice patterns and dental education in special care dentistry
Authors: Gysling Seana P. , Taiclet Lynne M. , Polk Deborah E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this study is to determine whether alumni who completed training in the Center for Patients with Special Needs (CPSN) feel more prepared and treat more patients with special healthcare needs (SHCN) than alumni who completed training prior to the establishment of the Center (pre‐CPSN).MethodsAlumni graduating in 2000–2017 from the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine (Pitt Dental Medicine) completed a survey addressing how well their dental school training prepared them to treat patients with SHCN and their current practice patterns as dental professionals. Alumni completed self‐reported questionnaires online or on paper by mail.ResultsThe authors obtained a 16% response rate (N = 209; nPre‐CPSN = 75; nCPSN = 134). Compared with the pre‐CPSN alumni, CPSN alumni reported feeling more prepared in all 12 skills surveyed (t = 4.86, P < 0.05). There was a 0.85‐point difference between groups, on average, across the 12 skills. However, CPSN alumni were no more likely to treat individuals with SHCN than the pre‐CPSN alumni.ConclusionsInformation obtained from this survey supports the hypothesis that experience is associated with perceptions of preparedness and raises new questions about factors associated with deciding whether to treat or refer. This information may inform schools of the amount of training necessary to reach preparedness goals.
Early weaning alters redox status in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of rat pups
Authors: Rodrigues Karoline dos Santos , Klein Caroline Peres , August Pauline Maciel , dos Santos Bernardo Gindri , Hözer Régis Mateus , Maurmann Rafael Moura , Scortegagna Mariana Crestani , Hoppe Juliana Bender , Matté Cristiane 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExposure to environmental factors can program the metabolism, conferring resistance or increasing the risk to chronic disease development in childhood and adulthood. In this sense, lactation is an important period in this window of development. Herein, we investigated the effect of early weaning on neurochemical and behavioral changes in offspring at weaning and adulthood. Female and male pups were divided into four groups: (1) Control weaning (weaning on the PND21, pups were kept with the biological mother); (2) Early Weaning Bromocriptine group (EWB) (pharmacological weaning on PND16); (3) Early Weaning Cross‐Fostering group (EWCF) (pups housed with a foster mother on PND16 up to PND21); (4) Early Weaning Without Care group (EWWC) (weaning on PND16, maternal separation). Weight control of pups was recorded from postnatal Day 16 to 59. On the 21st day, part of the pups was euthanized and the hippocampus and hypothalamus were removed for biochemical evaluation. The remaining pups were submitted to behavioral tests on the 60th postnatal day. Early weaning reduced the pups' body weight, in a sex‐dependent way. At 60 days of age, male pups of EWCF and EWWC groups have lower body weight compared to control male, and female body weight was lower than male pups. In relation to biochemical changes in the brain, weaning altered the levels of oxidants, increased the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as induced lipid peroxidation. Weaning was also able to alter long‐term memory and induce anxious behavior in pups. Our results demonstrate that the different types of early weaning changed the parameters of redox status in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of pups (21 days old), suggesting a prooxidative profile, in addition, to alter learning/memory and inducing an anxious behavior in male offspring (60 days old).
Research literature on women of color in undergraduate engineering education: A systematic thematic synthesis
Authors: Ong Maria , Jaumot‐Pascual Nuria , Ko Lily T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo address social disparities and generate an innovative workforce, engineering higher education should provide learning environments that benefit students from all backgrounds. However, because engineering programs are not enrolling or retaining women of color at demographic parity, a better understanding of these students' experiences is needed to develop effective interventions.PurposeThis study analyzes research on women of color in undergraduate engineering education to determine what influences their experiences, participation, and advancement. We identify challenges to and strategies for persistence and present recommendations for engineering institutions to create interventions that support women of color and mitigate institutional inequities.Scope/MethodUsing the snowballing method, we identified 65 empirical studies published between 1999 and 2015 that met the criteria for this review. These studies represented qualitative, mixed‐methods, and quantitative methodologies from various fields. We conducted a systematic thematic synthesis, informed by frames of intersectionality, critical race theory, and community cultural wealth.ConclusionsWomen of color use navigational strategies to address the social pain of race and gender inequity in engineering education. Institutions should take responsibility for generating a sense of belonging for women of color and provide social and structural supports that increase self‐efficacy, address social pain, and improve retention.
A mobile health‐facilitated behavioural intervention for community health workers improves exclusive breastfeeding and early infant HIV diagnosis in India: a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Suryavanshi Nishi , Kadam Abhay , Gupte Nikhil , Hegde Asha , Kanade Savita , Sivalenka Srilatha , Kumar V Sampath , Gupta Amita , Bollinger Robert C , Shankar Anita , McKenzie‐White Jane , Mave Vidya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionIndia’s national AIDS Control Organization implemented World Health Organization’s option B+ HIV prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT) guidelines in 2013. However, scalable strategies to improve uptake of new PMTCT guidelines to reduce new infection rates are needed. This study assessed impact of Mobile Health‐Facilitated Behavioral Intervention on the uptake of PMTCT services.MethodsA cluster‐randomized trial of a mobile health (mHealth)‐supported behavioural training intervention targeting outreach workers (ORWs) was conducted in four districts of Maharashtra, India. Clusters (one Integrated Counselling and Testing Center (ICTC, n = 119), all affiliated ORWs (n = 116) and their assigned HIV‐positive pregnant/postpartum clients (n = 1191)) were randomized to standard‐of‐care (SOC) ORW training vs. the COMmunity home Based INDia (COMBIND) intervention – specialized behavioural training plus a tablet‐based mHealth application to support ORW‐patient communication and patient engagement in HIV care. Impact on uptake of maternal antiretroviral therapy at delivery, exclusive breastfeeding at six months, infant nevirapine prophylaxis, and early infant diagnosis at six months was assessed using multi‐level random‐effects logistic regression models.ResultsOf 1191 HIV‐positive pregnant/postpartum women, 884 were eligible for primary outcome assessment; 487 were randomized to COMBIND. Multivariable analyses identified no statistically significant differences in any primary outcome by study arm. COMBIND was associated with higher uptake of exclusive breastfeeding at two months (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR), 2.10; 95% CI 1.06 to 4.15) and early infant diagnosis at six weeks (aOR, 2.19; 95% CI 1.05 to 3.98) than SOC.ConclusionsThe COMBIND intervention was easily integrated into India’s existing PMTCT programme and improved early uptake of two PMTCT components that require self‐motivated health‐seeking behaviour, thus providing preliminary evidence to support COMBIND as a potentially scalable PMTCT strategy. Further study would identify modifications needed to optimize other PMTCT outcomes.
Patient‐reported reasons for declining same‐day antiretroviral therapy initiation in routine HIV care settings in Lusaka, Zambia: results from a mixed‐effects regression analysis
Authors: Pry Jake , Chipungu Jenala , Smith Helene J , Bolton Moore Carolyn , Mutale Jacob , Duran‐Frigola Miquel , Savory Theodora , Herce Michael E 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn the current “test and treat” era, HIV programmes are increasingly focusing resources on linkage to care and same‐day antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation to meet UNAIDS 95‐95‐95 targets. After observing sub‐optimal treatment indicators in health facilities supported by the Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), we piloted a “linkage assessment” tool in facility‐based HIV testing settings to uncover barriers to same‐day linkage to care and ART initiation among newly identified people living with HIV (PLHIV) and to guide HIV programme quality improvement efforts.MethodsThe one‐page, structured linkage assessment tool was developed to capture patient‐reported barriers to same‐day linkage and ART initiation using three empirically supported categories of barriers: social, personal and structural. The tool was implemented in three health facilities, two urban and one rural, in Lusaka, Zambia from 1 November 2017 to 31 January 2018, and administered to all newly identified PLHIV declining same‐day linkage and ART. Individuals selected as many reasons as relevant. We used mixed‐effects logistic regression modelling to evaluate predictors of citing specific barriers to same‐day linkage and ART, and Fisher’s Exact tests to assess differences in barrier citation by socio‐demographics and HIV testing entry point.ResultsA total of 1278 people tested HIV positive, of whom 126 (9.9%) declined same‐day linkage and ART, reporting a median of three barriers per respondent. Of these 126, 71.4% were female. Females declining same‐day ART were younger, on average, (median 28.5 years, interquartile range (IQR): 21 to 37 years) than males (median 34.5 years, IQR: 26 to 44 years). The most commonly reported barrier category was structural, “clinics were too crowded” (n = 33), followed by a social reason, “friends and family will condemn me” (n = 30). The frequency of citing personal barriers differed significantly across HIV testing point (χ2 p = 0.03). Significant predictors for citing ≥1 barrier to same‐day ART were >50 years of age (OR: 12.59, 95% CI: 6.00 to 26.41) and testing at a rural facility (OR: 9.92, 95% CI: 4.98 to 19.79).ConclusionsGiven differences observed in barriers to same‐day ART initiation reported across sex, age, testing point, and facility type, new, tailored counselling and linkage to care approaches are needed, which should be rigorously evaluated in routine programme settings.