bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of climatic variability on northward flowing rivers in North America, using a paired basin approach
Authors: Schenk Xizhen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNorthward flowing rivers are the most vulnerable system to a general early warming trend in terms of flood risk. In a changing climate, how well we understand the variability of precipitation and streamflow and the correspondence between them determines the appropriateness and efficiency of river engineering activities, flood control structures, and water resource management policies. Using both time and frequency domain approaches, this study investigated variations and periodicities in precipitation and discharge of two neighboring northward flowing river basins, the Red River of the North (referred to hereafter as the Red River) basin and the Little Missouri River basin in North America. Additionally, this study also characterized whether the most dominant quasiperiodic climate variation El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affected regional precipitation and streamflow. Results indicated that the southern and central Red River basin experienced significant increases in precipitation and discharge, particularly in cold season, while the Little Missouri River basin had no statistically significant change in precipitation or discharge. The global atmospheric oscillation ENSO had little effects on the regional precipitation and streamflow increases in the Red River basin. Furthermore, strong spectral coherences and prominent annual/semi‐annual periodicities in precipitation and discharge were revealed, confirming how precipitation determines frequency peaks and primary oscillation cycles of discharges in both basins. By removing broad‐scale climatic driver, this study indicated that some local forcing is most likely responsible for the excessive water abundances in the Red River basin, among which agriculture land usages stand out to be the most promising driver.
Experimental study of hydraulic characteristics on headcut erosion and erosional response in the tableland and gully regions of China
Authors: Shi Qianhua , Wang Wenlong , Zhu Baocai , Guo Mingming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSevere long‐term gully headcut erosion, which further decreases the area of Yuan, is a serious yet poorly understood issue for local ecological environments and social development. Nevertheless, although the hydraulic characteristics of headcut erosion in the loess tableland and gully region of the Loess Plateau remain unclear, they constitute critical inputs in headcut erosion prediction models. The goal of this study is to evaluate the hydraulic properties of concentrated flow and the headcut erosion process and to identify the influence of flow energy consumption on headcut erosion in the loess tableland and gully region. A series of in situ simulated rainfall and runoff scouring experiments were carried out to achieve this goal under flow discharges of 100, 200, 300 and 400 L min−1 with a rainfall intensity of 0.8 mm min−1. The total sediment yield was 1660–3850 kg and increased linearly with increasing flow discharge. The contribution rate of soil loss volume at gully head increased with experiment time and was 2.7 times greater than at the upstream area. The concentrated flow was turbulent and supercritical during the erosion process. The headcut retreat distance, flow velocity, Reynolds number, shear stress, stream power, velocities at the brink and bottom, and flow energy consumption at 100–400 L min−1 were 5.5–25.5 cm, 0.63–1.48 m s−1, 1244–8593, 0.65–4.45 Pa, 0.61–4.22 W m−2, 0.78–2.47 m s−1, 5.23–5.88 m s−1, and 3.52–12.63 J s−1, respectively, all of which increased with increasing flow discharge. A positive power function was found between the sediment yield and flow energy consumption, which can be helpful in establishing soil erosion model based on erosion processes. These findings ultimately improve our understanding of headcut erosion in the tableland and gully regions of the Loess Plateau.
On structural dominance analysis
Authors: Oliva Rogelio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article is based on my talk at the 2019 International System Dynamics Conference on the occasion of receiving the Jay. W. Forrester Award for the article, “Structural dominance analysis of large and stochastic models” (System Dynamics Review2016,32(1): 26–51). I summarize here the history of the research project that led to the award‐winning article. I present the evolution of the ideas in a non‐technical way that develops the intuition for howeigenvalue elasticity analysisworks and highlights the power of its explanations. I discuss what I believe to be the main benefits of structural dominance analysis and address the major criticisms that have been raised against it, and I close by reflecting on why I believe the capability to formally establish links between structure and behavior will become more salient in a context that pushes for larger models and demands higher standards of evidence.© 2020 System Dynamics Society
The Protection of C−O Bond of Pine Lignin in Different Organic Solvent Systems
Authors: Wang Dongling , Wang Wenjin , Lv Wei , Xu Ying , Liu Jianguo , Wang Haiyong , Wang Chenguang , Ma Longlong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe methods of extraction and degradation of lignin from biomass are very important for obtaining high value‐added chemical precursors. In this paper, pine wood powder was selected as the feedstock to investigate the effect of different organic solvent systems (ethanol, ethylene glycol, 1, 4‐butanediol and acetone) on the lignin extraction using different radio of H2SO4 and acetic acid. The extraction yields were calculated, the solvent lignin structure was analyzed by SEM, Elemental Analyzer, GPC, FT‐IR, HSQC and the organosolv lignin was depolymerized over NaOH and Pd/C in ethanol. The results showed that the molecular weight of all lignin extracted from biomass by different organic solvents were lower than 2000 g mol−1. Among the organic solvents, acetic acid and glycol could react with the γ and ɑ position of the β‐O‐4 bond in lignin, which protect the C−O bond during the extraction treatment. The analysis of depolymerization products suggested that the ethylene glycol had the best ability of retaining the structures of lignin and dissolution. About 17.74 wt. % aromatic compounds were obtained from the ethylene glycol lignin in 2 MPa H2 at 240°C, which were mainly phenyl alcohol compounds. Ethylene glycol lignin could give more aromatic hydrocarbon compounds and phenols than the other two kinds of lignin. Ethylene glycol and 1,4‐butanediol was also found in the depolymerization product respectively. The protection of the C−O bond offers effective strategies for directional depolymerization design.
Synthesis of Multi‐Deuterated Desmosine
Authors: Hirose Mika , Yokoo Reiko , Watanabe Daisuke , Suzuki Rina , Tanigawa Miho , Usuki Toyonobu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDesmosine, a crosslinking pyridinium amino acid found in elastin, is a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of diseases related to elastin degradation, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In order to achieve the precise quantitation of this compound using isotope dilution liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) analysis, isotopically‐labeled internal standards including deuterated desmosine are required. We report herein the synthesis of multi‐deuterated desmosine (d3–9) as a potential internal standard. This synthesis involves the preparation of an alkyne via a Sonogashira cross‐coupling, followed by deuterogenation of the triple bond to incorporate deuterium atoms into the substrate.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel Monocyclic cis‐β‐Lactams Bearing 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Nucleus: Bioactive Agents and Potential Synthons
Authors: Mishra Mahesh Kumar , Sharma Sitaram , Ahmad Khursheed , Singh Vedeshwar Narayan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA simple and efficient procedure for the stereoselective synthesis of novel monocyclic cis‐β‐lactams, pharmaceutically fascinating and potential synthons have been developed. The reaction of ketene derived insitu from phenoxyacetyl chloride with tetralone substituted imines resulted in the exclusive formation of monocyclic cis‐β‐lactams containing 1,3,4‐thiadiazole nucleus by [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. The structures of all the novel synthesized monocyclic cis‐β‐lactams were verified using various spectroscopic techniques such as FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, and elemental analysis (CHN). The cis configuration of β‐lactams was deduced using the coupling constant (J) value of H‐3 and H‐4. The prominent features of this work are simple reaction conditions, good yields, easy isolation of products, and no column chromatography separation. All products were obtained by a simple crystallization technique.
F-theory flux vacua and attractor equations
Authors: Honma Yoshinori , Otsuka Hajime 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We examine the vacuum structure of 4D effective theories of moduli fields in spacetime compactifications with quantized background fluxes. Imposing the no-scale structure for the volume deformations, we numerically investigate the distributions of flux vacua of the effective potential in complex structure moduli and axio-dilaton directions for two explicit examples in Type IIB string theory and F-theory compactifications. It turns out that distributions of non-supersymmetric flux vacua exhibit a non-increasing functional behavior of several on-shell quantities with respect to the string coupling. We point out that this phenomena can be deeply connected with a previously-reported possible correspondence between the flux vacua in moduli stabilization problem and the attractor mechanism in supergravity, and our explicit demonstration implies that such a correspondence generically exist even in the framework of F-theory. In particular, we confirm that the solutions of the effective potential we explicitly evaluated in Type IIB and F-theory flux compactifications indeed satisfy the generalized form of the attractor equations simultaneously.
Mirror symmetry for moduli spaces of Higgs bundles via p-adic integration
Authors: Groechenig Michael , Wyss Dimitri , Ziegler Paul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe prove the Topological Mirror Symmetry Conjecture by Hausel–Thaddeus for smooth moduli spaces of Higgs bundles of type $$SL_n$$

S

L
n

and $$PGL_n$$

P
G

L
n

. More precisely, we establish an equality of stringy Hodge numbers for certain pairs of algebraic orbifolds generically fibred into dual abelian varieties. Our proof utilises p-adic integration relative to the fibres, and interprets canonical gerbes present on these moduli spaces as characters on the Hitchin fibres using Tate duality. Furthermore, we prove for d prime to n, that the number of rank n Higgs bundles of degree d over a fixed curve defined over a finite field, is independent of d. This proves a conjecture by Mozgovoy–Schiffmann in the coprime case.
Multivariable Regression Analysis of Clinical Data from the Randomized-Controlled EffPac Trial: Efficacy of Femoropopliteal Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Mietz Selma , Lehmann Thomas , Teichgräber Ulf 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The post-hoc multivariable analysis of EffPac study data aimed to identify explanatory variables for efficacy of femoropopliteal artery angioplasty.

Methods
In the prospective, randomized, controlled EffPac study, patients were allocated to either DCB or plain old balloon angioplasty. Multivariable regression including interaction analysis was conducted to assess the impact of selected variables on the outcome measures of late lumen loss (LLL) at 6 months, and on binary restenosis, target lesion revascularization (TLR), clinical improvement, and hemodynamic improvement at 12 months.

Results
A total of 171 patients (69 ± 8 years, 111 men) were treated at 11 German centers. Hypertension increased, and advanced age decreased LLL (B coefficient [B]: 0.7 [95% CI − 0.04 to 1.3], p = 0.06 and − 0.3 per 10 years [95% CI − 0.5 to 0.01], p = 0.06, respectively). DCB angioplasty decreased odds of 12-month TLR and binary restenosis (OR 0.4 [95% CI 0.2 to 0.8], p = 0.01 and OR 0.1 [95% CI 0.01 to 0.6], p = 0.02, respectively). Lesion length and severe calcification decreased clinical improvement (B: − 0.1 per 10 mm [95% CI − 0.1 to − 0.03], p = 0.001 and − 0.1 [95% CI − 1.7 to − 0.1], p = 0.03, respectively). DCB angioplasty in former smokers improved ABI (0.2 [95% CI 0.01 to 0.5], p = 0.04).

Conclusion
DCB angioplasty decreased the incidence of 12-month restenosis and TLR. Increasing lesion length and severe calcification reduced clinical improvement. Hypertension is suspected to facilitate, and advanced age to mitigate LLL. DCB improved ABI most in former smokers.
Multivessel versus culprit-only PCI in STEMI patients with multivessel disease: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Feistritzer Hans-Josef , Jobs Alexander , de Waha-Thiele Suzanne , Eitel Ingo , Freund Anne , Abdel-Wahab Mohamed , Desch Steffen , Thiele Holger 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aims
To perform a pairwise meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and culprit vessel-only PCI in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients without cardiogenic shock.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase for RCTs comparing multivessel PCI with culprit vessel-only PCI in STEMI patients without cardiogenic shock and multivessel coronary artery disease. Only RCTs reporting mortality or myocardial reinfarction after at least 6 months following randomization were included. Hazard ratios (HRs) were pooled using random-effect models.

Results
Nine RCTs were included in the final analysis. In total, 523 (8.3%) of 6314 patients suffered the combined primary endpoint of death or non-fatal reinfarction. This primary endpoint was significantly reduced with multivessel PCI compared to culprit vessel-only PCI (HR 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43–0.93; p = 0.03). This finding was driven by a reduction of non-fatal reinfarction (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.52–0.79; p = 0.001), whereas no significant reduction of all-cause death (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.44–1.35; p = 0.28) or cardiovascular death (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.37–1.11; p = 0.09) was observed.

Conclusions
In STEMI patients without cardiogenic shock multivessel PCI reduced the risk of death or non-fatal reinfarction compared to culprit vessel-only PCI.
Cancellous allogenic and autologous bone grafting ensure comparable tunnel filling results in two-staged revision ACL surgery
Authors: Prall Wolf Christian , Kusmenkov T. , Schmidt B. , Fürmetz J. , Haasters F. , Naendrup J. H. , Böcker W. , Shafizadeh S. , Mayr H. O. , Pfeiffer T. R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Patients with recurrent instability after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction often present with enlarged or misplaced tunnels and bone grafting is required prior to the actual revision reconstruction. Autologous bone grafting features limited quantity and donor site morbidity. These problems may be eliminated utilizing cancellous bone allografts, but their efficiency and reliability have not been investigated systematically. The aim of the present study was to compare tunnel filling rates attained by utilizing either allogenic or autologous cancellous bone grafts.

Materials and methods
A total of 103 consecutive patients were enrolled retrospectively. All patients suffered from recurrent instability and underwent either allogenic or autologous cancellous bone grafting. Computed tomography (CT) was carried out before and after the bone grafting procedure. Based on preoperative CT scans, positioning and maximum diameter of the femoral and tibial tunnels were determined. Tunnel filling rates were calculated as a ratio of pre- and postoperative tunnel volumes. Primary outcome was the tibial tunnel filling rate. Femoral filling rates and density of the grafted bone were assessed secondarily.

Results
Preoperative CT scans revealed no significant differences between the two groups regarding distribution of misplacement and widening of the femoral or tibial tunnel. Postoperative CT scans were conducted after an interval of 5.2 months. Tunnel filling rates of 74.5% (± 14.3) femoral and 85.3% (± 10.3) tibial were achieved in the allogenic compared to 74.3% (± 15.9) femoral and 84.9% (± 9.4) tibial in the autologous group. With p values of 0.85 at the femur and 0.83 at the tibia, there were no significant differences between the groups. The density of the grafted bone revealed significantly higher values in the allogenic group.

Conclusions
Utilizing cancellous bone allografts in two-staged revision ACL surgery provides for sufficient and reproducible filling of enlarged or misplaced tunnels. The filling rates are comparable to those achieved with autologous bone grafting. Advantages of allografts are the unrestricted quantity and the absence of any harvesting procedure.
Patient expectation fulfilment following total hip arthroplasty: a 10-year follow-up study
Authors: Yapp Liam Z. , Clement Nicholas D. , Macdonald Deborah J. , Howie Colin R. , Scott Chloe E. H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The primary aim of this study was to assess how expectation fulfilment changes up to 10 years following total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Materials and methods
Three hundred and forty-six patients completed an expectation questionnaire (encompassing 18 activities), Oxford hip score (OHS) and Short Form (SF)-12 prior to surgery. At 1 year postoperatively, expectation fulfilment was assessed in addition to OHS, SF-12 and patient satisfaction (n = 346). This was repeated in surviving patients with intact THAs at 9.1–9.9 years postoperative (n = 224). Linear regression analysis was used to identify factors independently associated with early (1 year) and late (mean 9.5 years) expectation fulfilment.

Results
Postoperative expectation fulfilment scores declined from 36.5 at 1 year to 33 at late follow-up (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.0–5.0, p < 0.001). Increased (better) late expectation fulfilment scores were significantly associated with better scores for all PROMs applied at both timepoints. Younger age, greater pre-operative expectation score and greater improvement in OHS (both early and late) were all independent predictors when adjusting for confounding (p < 0.05). At late follow-up 78% (14/18) activities demonstrated high levels of persistent expectation fulfilment. Approximately two out of every five patients who considered themselves unfulfilled at early follow-up went on to experience late fulfilment, but this was dependent upon the specific expectation (mean 40%, range 0–64%).

Conclusions
Expectation fulfilment following THA changes with time. The majority of patients report high levels of expectation fulfilment following THA at late follow-up. This information can be used to help manage the longer-term expectations of patients undergoing THA.
Lessons From Italy: A Good Pension System Needs an Effective Broader Social Policy Framework
Authors: Franco Daniele , Tommasino Pietro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractItaly, which is sometimes considered a laggard in terms of social and economic reforms, can boast a pension system that is, by and large, functioning sufficiently well in terms of ensuring an adequate purchasing power to retirees and a financially sustainable outlook in the long term, even when taking into account adverse demographic developments.
The Welfare Implications of the European Trucks Cartel
Authors: Beyer Christian , Kottmann Elke , von Blanckenburg Korbinian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a pragmatic approach to calculating the total economic loss induced by a cartel, focusing on the European trucks cartel (1997–2011). This comprehensible and transparent approach builds on the theory of monopoly pricing and uses the publicly available data of the infringing companies. Overall, a net welfare loss of up to 15.5 billion euro and an overcharge to the amount of up to 7.6% are estimated. This loss to society cannot be offset by fines or private damage claims and should raise awareness for antitrust policy. The findings presented are relevant for both practitioners and policymakers.
Variation in parasitoid attraction to herbivore-infested plants and alternative host plant cover mediate tritrophic interactions at the landscape scale
Authors: Aartsma Yavanna , Hao Yueyi , Dicke Marcel , van der Werf Wopke , Poelman Erik H. , Bianchi Felix J. J. A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractContextTritrophic interactions may be affected by local factors and the broader landscape context. At small spatial scales, carnivorous enemies of herbivorous insects use herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) to find herbivores, but it is unknown whether variation in plant attractiveness due to differential HIPV emission can enhance recruitment of carnivores from the wider landscape.ObjectivesWe studied whether parasitism of caterpillars of the butterflyPieris brassicaeon white cabbage was influenced by landscape composition and cover with brassicaceous species that provide hosts for parasitoids ofP. brassicaein 19 landscapes in the Netherlands. We also investigated whether differential attraction of parasitoids to herbivore-infested plants affected parasitism ofP. brassicaecaterpillars by using different accessions as proxies for HIPV emission.ResultsThe cabbage accession that is highly attractive to parasitic wasps recruited more wasps than a less attractive accession, but only when parasitism rates were high. Parasitism rate as proxy of wasp recruitment correlated positively with the cover of brassicaceous plants and area of arable land, suggesting that these habitats support hosts for the wasps and their population growth. In contrast, forest area was negatively associated with parasitism rates.ConclusionsOur study shows that the degree of attractiveness of plants to parasitoids, which is probably mediated by HIPVs, can be a useful predictor of parasitism, but needs to be considered within the landscape context. To understand the strength of tritrophic interactions it is crucial to consider local-scale processes driven by plant-trait variation in combination with landscape-scale processes that determine carnivore abundance.
Impaired differentiation of human induced neural stem cells by TOR1A overexpression
Authors: Stengel Felix , Vulinovic Franca , Meier Britta , Grütz Karen , Klein Christine , Capetian Philipp 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDYT-TOR1A is the most common inherited dystonia caused by a three nucleotide (GAG) deletion (dE) in the TOR1A gene. Death early after birth and cortical anomalies of the full knockout in rodents underscore its developmental importance. We therefore explored the timed effects of TOR1A-wt and TOR1A-dE during differentiation in a human neural in vitro model. We used lentiviral tet-ON expression of TOR1A-wt and -dE in induced neural stem cells derived from healthy donors. Overexpression was induced during proliferation of neural precursors, during differentiation and after differentiation into mature neurons. Overexpression of both wildtype and mutated protein had no effect on the viability and cell number of neural precursors as well as mature neurons when initiated before or after differentiation. However, if induced during differentiation, overexpression of TOR1A-wt and -dE led to a pronounced reduction of mature neurons in a dose dependent manner. Our data underscores the importance of physiological expression levels of TOR1A as crucial for proper neuronal differentiation. We did not find evidence for a specific impact of the mutated TOR1A on neuronal maturation.