bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small‐Scale Optical Atmospheric Emissions Discovered Using Citizen Science Photography
Authors: Grandin M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOver the last few years, citizen science has emerged as a powerful tool to investigate natural phenomena, not only alongside measurements taken by calibrated scientific instruments but also through the analysis of data solely provided by citizen scientists. The increasing number of outstanding space physics studies based on citizen science reveals how valuable amateur photographers' data can be for further understanding the complex processes of the upper atmosphere. In some cases, cutting‐edge science is achieved using only citizen scientist photographs, as Semeter et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020AV000183) illustrate in a recent study of small‐scale optical structures associated with Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE), called “streaks.” The altitude, morphology, and motion of the streaks are determined thanks to a clever methodology applied only to night sky photographs taken by citizen scientists. The results suggest that the mechanism responsible for the optical emission might involve a point‐like source of superthermal electrons energized locally, which can excite the atomic oxygen. This study paves the way for future investigations of the complex upper‐atmospheric physics.
Characterization of p190-Bcr-Abl chronic myeloid leukemia reveals specific signaling pathways and therapeutic targets
Authors: Adnan-Awad Shady , Kim Daehong , Hohtari Helena , Javarappa Komal Kumar , Brandstoetter Tania , Mayer Isabella , Potdar Swapnil , Heckman Caroline A. , Kytölä Soili , Porkka Kimmo , Doma Eszter , Sexl Veronika , Kankainen Matti , Mustjoki Satu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe oncogenic protein Bcr-Abl has two major isoforms, p190Bcr-Abland p210Bcr-Abl. While p210Bcr-Ablis the hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), p190Bcr-Abloccurs in the majority of Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + ALL) patients. In CML, p190Bcr-Abloccurs in a minority of patients associating with distinct hematological features and inferior outcomes, yet the pathogenic role of p190Bcr-Abland potential targeting therapies are largely uncharacterized. We employed next generation sequencing, phospho-proteomic profiling, and drug sensitivity testing to characterize p190Bcr-Ablin CML and hematopoietic progenitor cell line models (Ba/f3 and HPC-LSK). p190Bcr-AblCML patients demonstrated poor response to imatinib and frequent mutations in epigenetic modifiers genes. In contrast with p210Bcr-Abl, p190Bcr-Ablexhibited specific transcriptional upregulation of interferon, interleukin-1 receptor, and P53 signaling pathways, associated with hyperphosphorylation of relevant signaling molecules including JAK1/STAT1 and PAK1 in addition to Src hyperphosphorylation. Comparable to p190Bcr-AblCML patients, p190Bcr-Ablcell lines demonstrated similar transcriptional and phospho-signaling signatures. With the drug sensitivity screening we identified targeted drugs with specific activity in p190Bcr-Ablcell lines including IAP-, PAK1-, and Src inhibitors and glucocorticoids. Our results provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the distinct features of p190Bcr-AblCML and promising therapeutic targets for this high-risk patient group.
EZH2 facilitates BMI1-dependent hepatocarcinogenesis through epigenetically silencing microRNA-200c
Authors: Xu Leibo , Lin Junlong , Deng Wanyu , Luo Weixin , Huang Yipei , Liu Chao-Qun , Zhang Fa-Peng , Qin Yu-Fei , Wong Ping-Pui , Liu Chao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEZH2, a histone methyltransferase, has been shown to involve in cancer development and progression via epigenetic regulation of tumor suppressor microRNAs, whereas BMI1, a driver of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a downstream target of these microRNAs. However, it remains unclear whether EZH2 can epigenetically regulate microRNA expression to modulate BMI1-dependent hepatocarcinogenesis. Here, we established that high EZH2 expression correlated with enhanced tumor size, elevated metastasis, increased relapse, and poor prognosis in HCC patients. Further clinical studies revealed that EZH2 overexpression was positively correlated to its gene copy number gain/amplification in HCC. Mechanistically, EZH2 epigenetically suppressed miR-200c expression both in vitro and in vivo, and more importantly, miR-200c post-transcriptionally regulated BMI1 expression by binding to the 3′-UTR region of its mRNA. Furthermore, miR-200c overexpression inhibits the growth of HCC cells in vivo. Silencing miR-200c rescued the tumorigenicity of EZH2-depleted HCC cells, whereas knocking down BMI1 reduced the promoting effect of miR-200c depletion on HCC cell migration. Finally, combination treatment of EZH2 and BMI1 inhibitors further inhibited the viability of HCC cells compared with the cells treated with EZH2 or BMI1 inhibitor alone. Our findings demonstrated that alteration of EZH2 gene copy number status induced BMI1-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis via epigenetically silencing miR-200c, providing novel therapeutic targets for HCC treatment.
Triptolide targets super-enhancer networks in pancreatic cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Noel Pawan , Hussein Shaimaa , Ng Serina , Antal Corina E. , Lin Wei , Rodela Emily , Delgado Priscilla , Naveed Sanna , Downes Michael , Lin Yin , Evans Ronald M. , Von Hoff Daniel D. , Han Haiyong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly heterogeneous, fibrotic, and hypovascular, marked by extensive desmoplasia and maintained by the tumor cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and other stromal cells. There is an urgent need to identify and develop treatment strategies that not only target the tumor cells but can also modulate the stromal cells. A growing number of studies implicate the role of regulatory DNA elements called super-enhancers (SE) in maintaining cell-type-specific gene expression networks in both normal and cancer cells. Using chromatin activation marks, we first mapped SE networks in pancreatic CAFs and epithelial tumor cells and found them to have distinct SE profiles. Next, we explored the role of triptolide (TPL), a natural compound with antitumor activity, in the context of modulating cell-type-specific SE signatures in PDAC. We found that TPL, cytotoxic to both pancreatic tumor cells and CAFs, disrupted SEs in a manner that resulted in the downregulation of SE-associated genes (e.g., BRD4, MYC, RNA Pol II, and Collagen 1) in both cell types at mRNA and protein levels. Our observations suggest that TPL acts as a SE interactive agent and may elicit its antitumor activity through SE disruption to re-program cellular cross talk and signaling in PDAC. Based on our findings, epigenetic reprogramming of transcriptional regulation using SE modulating compounds such as TPL may provide means for effective treatment options for pancreatic cancer patients.
Ag nanoparticles immobilized on new mesoporous triazine-based carbon (MTC) as green and recoverable catalyst for reduction of nitroaromatic in aqueous media
Authors: Vahedi-Notash Narges , Heravi Majid M. , Alhampour Ali , Mohammadi Pourya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this research, we reported an effective method for the synthesis of a new mesoporous triazine-based carbon (MTC) substrate and its application as the green and recoverable catalyst in the synthesis of organic compounds. The porous carbon acted as a substrate for silver active species after its surface modification by chloroacetonitrile (Ag@MTC). The Ag@MTC nanocatalyst was characterized by several techniques namely, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, and inductively coupled plasma. The Ag@MTC catalyst was applied for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds in aqueous media by using NaBH4 (reducing agent) at room temperature. This nanocatalyst can be readily recovered and recycled for at least nine runs without a notable decrease in its efficiency. Catalytic efficiency studies exhibited that Ag@MTC nanocatalyst had good activity towards reduction reactions.
Targeted sequencing reveals the somatic mutation landscape in a Swedish breast cancer cohort
Authors: Mathioudaki Argyri , Ljungström Viktor , Melin Malin , Arendt Maja Louise , Nordin Jessika , Karlsson Åsa , Murén Eva , Saksena Pushpa , Meadows Jennifer R. S. , Marinescu Voichita D. , Sjöblom Tobias , Lindblad-Toh Kerstin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is a genetically heterogeneous disease with high prevalence in Northern Europe. However, there has been no detailed investigation into the Scandinavian somatic landscape. Here, in a homogeneous Swedish cohort, we describe the somatic events underlying BC, leveraging a targeted next-generation sequencing approach. We designed a 20.5 Mb array targeting coding and regulatory regions of genes with a known role in BC (n = 765). The selected genes were either from human BC studies (n = 294) or from within canine mammary tumor associated regions (n = 471). A set of predominantly estrogen receptor positive tumors (ER +  85%) and their normal tissue counterparts(n=61) were sequenced to ~ 140 × and 85 × mean target coverage, respectively. MuTect2 and VarScan2 were employed to detect single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number aberrations (CNAs), while MutSigCV (SNVs) and GISTIC (CNAs) algorithms estimated the significance of recurrent somatic events. The significantly mutated genes (q ≤ 0.01) werePIK3CA(28% of patients),TP53(21%) andCDH1(11%). However, histone modifying genes contained the largest number of variants(KMT2CandARID1A, together28%). Mutations inKMT2Cwere mutually exclusive withPI3KCAmutations (p ≤ 0. 001) and half of these affect the formation of a functional PHD domain. The tumor suppressorCDK10was deleted in 80% of the cohort while the oncogeneMDM4was amplified. Mutational signature analyses pointed towards APOBEC deaminase activity (COSMIC signature 2) and DNA mismatch repair (COSMIC signature 6). We noticed two significantly distinct patterns related to patient age;TP53being more mutated in the younger group (29% vs 9% of patients) andCDH23mutations were absent from the older group. The increased somatic mutation prevalence in the histone modifying genesKMT2CandARID1Adistinguishes the Swedish cohort from previous studies.KMT2Cregulates enhancer activation and assists tumor proliferation in a hormone-rich environment, possibly pointing to a role in ER + BC, especially in older cases. Finally, age of onset appears to affect the mutational landscape suggesting that a larger age-diverse population incorporating more molecular subtypes should be studied to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Comparative analysis of magnetized partially ionized copper, copper oxide–water and kerosene oil nanofluid flow with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux
Authors: Abid Nomana , Ramzan Muhammad , Chung Jae Dong , Kadry Seifedine , Chu Yu-Ming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis comparative analysis studies the impact of two different nanoparticles Copper and Copper Oxide in two different partially ionized magnetofluid (water and kerosene oil mixed with Copper/Copper Oxide) flows over a linearly stretching surface. The impacts of electrons and ions collisions in the presence of the Cattaneo-Christov heat transfer model are also investigated. The effects of prominent parameters on velocity and temperature fields are depicted through graphical illustrations. A similarity transformation procedure is applied to transform the nonlinear partial differential equations to the ordinary one. Our numerical methodology is based upon the Finite difference method that is the default method in the bvp4c built-in function of the MATLAB scheme. Nusselt number and Skin drag coefficient are computed numerically and presented in tabular form for both types of nanofluids over a linear stretched surface. Our results demonstrate that the effects of CuO are dominant in comparison to the Cu on fluid velocity. The fluid temperature is more prominent in the case of Cu-water nanofluid when we increase nanoparticles concentration.
Topological transitions in an oscillatory driven liquid crystal cell
Authors: Clerc Marcel G. , Kowalczyk Michał , Zambra Valeska 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMatter under different equilibrium conditions of pressure and temperature exhibits different states such as solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Exotic states of matter, such as Bose–Einstein condensates, superfluidity, chiral magnets, superconductivity, and liquid crystalline blue phases are observed in thermodynamic equilibrium. Rather than being a result of an aggregation of matter, their emergence is due to a change of a topological state of the system. These topological states can persist out of thermodynamics equilibrium. Here we investigate topological states of matter in a system with injection and dissipation of energy by means of oscillatory forcing. In an experiment involving a liquid crystal cell under the influence of a low-frequency oscillatory electric field, we observe a transition from a non-vortex state to a state in which vortices persist, topological transition. Depending on the period and the type of the forcing, the vortices self-organise, forming square lattices, glassy states, and disordered vortex structures. The bifurcation diagram is characterised experimentally. A continuous topological transition is observed for the sawtooth and square forcings. The scenario changes dramatically for sinusoidal forcing where the topological transition is discontinuous, which is accompanied by serial transitions between square and glassy vortex lattices. Based on a stochastic amplitude equation, we recognise the origin of the transition as the balance between stochastic creation and deterministic annihilation of vortices. Numerical simulations show topological transitions and the emergence of square vortex lattice. Our results show that the matter maintained out of equilibrium by means of the temporal modulation of parameters can exhibit exotic states.
Momentum dependent $$d_{xz/yz}$$ band splitting in LaFeAsO
Authors: Huh S. S. , Kim Y. S. , Kyung W. S. , Jung J. K. , Kappenberger R. , Aswartham S. , Büchner B. , Ok J. M. , Kim J. S. , Dong C. , Hu J. P. , Cho S. H. , Shen D. W. , Denlinger J. D. , Kim Y. K. , Kim C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe nematic phase in iron based superconductors (IBSs) has attracted attention with a notion that it may provide important clue to the superconductivity. A series of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) studies were performed to understand the origin of the nematic phase. However, there is lack of ARPES study on LaFeAsO nematic phase. Here, we report the results of ARPES studies of the nematic phase in LaFeAsO. Degeneracy breaking between the $$d_{xz}$$

d

xz

and $$d_{yz}$$

d

yz

hole bands near the $$\Gamma$$
Γ
and M point is observed in the nematic phase. Different temperature dependent band splitting behaviors are observed at the $$\Gamma$$
Γ
and M points. The energy of the band splitting near the M point decreases as the temperature decreases while it has little temperature dependence near the $$\Gamma$$
Γ
point. The nematic nature of the band shift near the M point is confirmed through a detwin experiment using a piezo device. Since a momentum dependent splitting behavior has been observed in other iron based superconductors, our observation confirms that the behavior is a universal one among iron based superconductors.
Estimation of optimal number of gates in dual gated 18F-FDG cardiac PET
Authors: Klén R. , Teuho J. , Noponen T. , Thielemans K. , Hoppela E. , Lehtonen E. , Sipila H. T. , Teräs M. , Knuuti J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGating of positron emission tomography images has been shown to reduce the motion effects, especially when imaging small targets, such as coronary plaques. However, the selection of optimal number of gates for gating remains a challenge. Selecting too high number of gates results in a loss of signal-to-noise ratio, while too low number of gates does remove only part of the motion. Here, we introduce a respiratory-cardiac motion model to determine the optimal number of respiratory and cardiac gates. We evaluate the model using a realistic heart phantom and data from 12 cardiac patients (47–77 years, 64.5 on average). To demonstrate the benefits of our model, we compared it with an existing respiratory model. Based on our study, the optimal number of gates was determined to be five respiratory and four cardiac gates in the phantom and patient studies. In the phantom study, the diameter of the most active hot spot was reduced by 24% in the dual gated images compared to non-gated images. In the patient study, the thickness of myocardium wall was reduced on average by 21%. In conclusion, the motion model can be used for estimating the optimal number of respiratory and cardiac gates for dual gating.
Characterization of glycosphingolipids from gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Authors: Santos Licínia , Jin Chunsheng , Gazárková Taťána , Thornell Anders , Norlén Olov , Säljö Karin , Teneberg Susann 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are the major nonepithelial neoplasms of the human gastrointestinal tract with a worldwide incidence between 11 and 15 per million cases annually. In this study the acid and non-acid glycosphingolipids of three GISTs were characterized using a combination of thin-layer chromatography, chemical staining, binding of carbohydrate recognizing ligands, and mass spectrometry. In the non-acid glycosphingolipid fractions of the tumors globotetraosylceramide, neolactotetraosylceramide, and glycosphingolipids with terminal blood group A, B, H, Lex, Lea, Ley and Leb determinants were found. The relative amounts of these non-acid compounds were different in the three tumour samples. The acid glycosphingolipid fractions had sulfatide, and the gangliosides GM3, GD3, GM1, Neu5Acα3neolactotetraosylceramide, GD1a, GT1b and GQ1b. In summary, we have characterized the glycosphingolipids of GISTs and found that the pattern differs in tumours from different individuals. This detailed characterization of glycosphingolipid composition of GISTs could contribute to recognition of new molecular targets for GIST treatment and sub-classification.
Modelling of combination therapy using implantable anticancer drug delivery with thermal ablation in solid tumor
Authors: Al-Zu’bi Muneer , Mohan Ananda 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLocal implantable drug delivery system (IDDS) can be used as an effective adjunctive therapy for solid tumor following thermal ablation for destroying the residual cancer cells and preventing the tumor recurrence. In this paper, we develop comprehensive mathematical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models for combination therapy using implantable drug delivery system following thermal ablation inside solid tumors with the help of molecular communication paradigm. In this model, doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded implant (act as a transmitter) is assumed to be inserted inside solid tumor (acts as a channel) after thermal ablation. Using this model, we can predict the extracellular and intracellular concentration of both free and bound drugs. Also, Impact of the anticancer drug on both cancer and normal cells is evaluated using a pharmacodynamic (PD) model that depends on both the spatiotemporal intracellular concentration as well as characteristics of anticancer drug and cells. Accuracy and validity of the proposed drug transport model is verified with published experimental data in the literature. The results show that this combination therapy results in high therapeutic efficacy with negligible toxicity effect on the normal tissue. The proposed model can help in optimize development of this combination treatment for solid tumors, particularly, the design parameters of the implant.
The differential effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on neonatal mice
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Fan Ziqi , Hu Jing , Zhu Yueli , Lin Caixiu , Shen Ting , Li Zheyu , Li Kaicheng , Liu Zhirong , Chen Yanxing , Zhang Baorong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious research has shown that exposure to volatile anesthetics can induce acute neuroinflammation and neuroapoptopsis in neonatal rodents and that these events can lead to cognitive dysfunction at later stages. Isoflurane and sevoflurane are two of the most popular anesthetics used in the field of pediatrics. However, the relative impact of these two anesthetics on the developing brain at distinct time points after the induction of anesthesia has not been compared. In the present study, we exposed 7-day-old mice to clinically equivalent doses of isoflurane (1.5%) and sevoflurane (2.5%) for 4 h and then investigated consequential changes in the brains of these mice at six different time points. We analyzed the levels of proteins that are directly related to neuroapoptosis, neuroinflammation, synaptic function, and memory, in the brains of neonatal mice. Exposure of neonatal mice to isoflurane and sevoflurane resulted in acute neuronal apoptosis. Our analysis observed significant levels of neuroinflammation and changes in the expression levels of proteins associated with both synaptic transmission and memory in mice from the isoflurane group but not the sevoflurane group. Our results therefore indicate that isoflurane and sevoflurane induce differential effects in the brains of neonatal mice.
Centrosome and ciliary abnormalities in fetal akinesia deformation sequence human fibroblasts
Authors: Jühlen Ramona , Martinelli Valérie , Vinci Chiara , Breckpot Jeroen , Fahrenkrog Birthe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCiliopathies are clinical disorders of the primary cilium with widely recognised phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Here, we found impaired ciliogenesis in fibroblasts derived from individuals with fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS), a broad spectrum of neuromuscular disorders arising from compromised foetal movement. We show that cells derived from FADS individuals have shorter and less primary cilia (PC), in association with alterations in post-translational modifications in α-tubulin. Similarly, siRNA-mediated depletion of two known FADS proteins, the scaffold protein rapsyn and the nucleoporin NUP88, resulted in defective PC formation. Consistent with a role in ciliogenesis, rapsyn and NUP88 localised to centrosomes and PC. Furthermore, proximity-ligation assays confirm the respective vicinity of rapsyn and NUP88 to γ-tubulin. Proximity-ligation assays moreover show that rapsyn and NUP88 are adjacent to each other and that the rapsyn-NUP88 interface is perturbed in the examined FADS cells. We suggest that the perturbed rapsyn-NUP88 interface leads to defects in PC formation and that defective ciliogenesis contributes to the pleiotropic defects seen in FADS.