bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Study of Two Ciprofloxacin&nbsp;Hydrochloride&nbsp;Tablets in Chinese Healthy Volunteers Under Fasting and Fed Conditions: A Randomized, Open-Label, Two-Formulation, Two-Sequence, Two-Period, Single-Dose Crossover Study.
Authors: Qin Fei , Wang Gan-Mi , Huang Jin-Ying , Wu Jia-Rong , Song Wen-Jie , Deng Jun , Xiao Ying , Wang Jian-Song , Zhu Ke-Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCiprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic which is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The study mainly aimed to determine the bioequivalence of two branded ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablets (250 mg) under the fasting and fed conditions.MethodsThe study was carried out in 48 healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions with a randomized, open-label, two-formulation, two-sequence, two-period, single-dose crossover design. In each period of the study, the subjects were assigned to receive a single oral dose of 250 mg of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. Blood samples were collected from an hour before dosing to 36 h after administration with 16 time points in total. The bioequivalence analysis was performed after ln-transformation of the ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetic parameters including maximum concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to time t (AUC0-t), area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0-∞). Two formulations are considered bioequivalent if the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the test/reference geometric mean ratios (GMRs) for the ln-transformed pharmacokinetic parameters fall within the standard acceptance range of 80% – 125%. ResultsIn total of 48 subjects were enrolled in the fasting and fed studies, and one of the subjects was excluded before the administration. In the fasting study, the 90% CIs for the test/reference GMRs of the ln-transformed data for Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞ were 85.41% to 100.97%, 95.40% to 100.27%, and 95.48% to 100.30%, respectively. For the fed study, the 90% CIs for the test/reference GMRs of the ln-transformed data for Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞ were 90.15% to 113.75%, 99.10% to 103.77% and 99.11% to 103.80%, respectively. A total of 8 of 47 subjects experienced AEs in the fasting and fed studies.ConclusionsIn the study, the generic (test) product of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride 250 mg was bioequivalent to the innovator (reference) product after a single oral dose administration under the fasting and fed conditions. Both two brands of ciprofloxacin tablets were safe and well tolerated.Trial registrationThe clinical trial was registered at Center for the Drug Evaluation of the National Medical Products Administration (registration number: CTR20171152; date of registration：September 25, 2017; http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/clinicaltrials.searchlistdetail.dhtml).
Beauty, the feeling
Authors: Brielmann Aenne , Nuzzo Angelica , Pelli Denis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Many philosophers and psychologists have made claims about the feelings in an experience of beauty. Here, we test how well these claims match the feelings that people report while looking at an image or listening to music that is beautiful to them, or recalling a personal experience of beauty. We conducted ten experiments (total n = 851) spanning three nations (US, UK, and India). Across nations and modalities, we find that top-rated beauty experiences are strongly characterized by six dimensions: intense pleasure, an impression of universality, the wish to continue the experience, perceived harmony in variety, exceeding expectation, and meaningfulness. Other frequently proposed beauty characteristics — like surprise, desire to understand, and mind wandering — are uncorrelated with feeling beauty. When explicitly asked, participants in all countries report that beauty is closely related to pleasure, found in nature rather than art, influenced by mood, and a form of communication. A remembered beautiful experience was typically active and social, like a family holiday, quite unlike the passive solitary appraisal of art emphasized in aesthetics. Our data align well with Kant (r = 0.74) and psychological theories that emphasize pleasure, and reject theories that emphasize information seeking. These six dimensions characterizing how individuals feel beauty emerge from the reports of hundreds of people seeing, hearing, or remembering something beautiful to them.
Homegarden Agroecosystems Managed by Salar People on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhu Mingjing , La Ben , Luo BinSheng , Chen Ruijie , Liu Fenggui , Long Chunlin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Salar is a Turkic-speaking Islamic ethnic group in China, who live primarily in Xunhua Salar Autonomous County, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Salar people have engaged in agriculture especially skilled in horticulture and their homegardens (HGs)　management. They are regarded as the first people on Qinghai-Tibet plateau to practice horticulture, especially manage their HGs, which are traditional farming systems and also supplementary food production systems. Traditional knowledge of Salar people associated with their homegardens always contributes in livelihood, food security, ornamental value and biodiversity conservation. The cultivation of different plants in HGs for self-sufficiency has a long tradition in China’s rural area especially in some mountainous areas. However, Salar people’s traditional HGs have not been described. The present paper aims to report the features of Salar’s HGs focusing on agrobiodiversity and its important role. Methods: The methods used in this work included literature study, semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, and panel consultation. A total of 60 households in each 9 villages were surveyed. In each household there are 4-12 family members, aged from 20 to 86 years old. The homestead size is between 200 and 1200 m2. Plant species cultivated in homegardens were identified according to Flora of China. Based on comprehensive survey of Salar people’s HGs and related background data, we identified and characterized the most important functions and ecosystem services provided by HGs of Salar people.Results: According to primary production systems, there are 4 different types of HGs, including ornamental focus, product focus, dual-purpose and multi-purpose. In total 108 (excluding weeds and bonsai) plant species were found in HGs of study area, within 43 families. The most important and frequency plants are Rosa chinensis, Armeniaca vulgaris, and Capsicum annuum. The average number of plants varied from 4 to 32 species in each homegarden in three investigated townships. HGs of Salar people contain 8 different functions and we identify and characterize 16 services: 2 regulating services, 2 support services, 4 production services and 8 culture services.Conclusion: This paper reveals the floristic diversity of HGs of Salar communities. Meanwhile, it provides basic information for homegarden agroecosystem of Salar people. Ecosystem services and function research suggested that Salar people’s homegarden agroecosystem provide ecosystem services mainly related to supply services and culture services. Salar people’s HGs are important food supplement, aesthetics and cultural spaces where knowledge related to agricultural practices is transmitted and through which households may improve their leisure and livelihoods.
Traditional Knowledge and Use of Rock Pools in the Brazilian Caatinga: Memory and Identity in Temporary Ecosystems
Authors: Barbosa Luciana Gomes , Santos João Paulo de Oliveira , Silva Kelly Dayane Pereira da , Silva Núbia da , Santos Ismael Romão dos , Lucena Reinaldo Farias Paiva de 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMemory is a collective ownership based on facts and past events. Aristotle and Agostinho were the first philosophers to investigate it, including the dimensions of time and memory inhabited by man. Northeastern Brazil has a rich cultural history linked to water scarcity in the region, one of the main limiting factors to the development of rural populations. Among alternative sources, temporary ecosystems known as rock pools have been used as rainwater storage in arid and semiarid regions around the world. Considering the hypothesis that the arrival of perennial water sources can impact memory transmission between generations, this study aimed to analyze the popular knowledge about rock pools, a traditional and ancient water source.MethodsInformation about the use and management of rock pools in the Brazilian semiarid region was collected by interviewing residents from a small city near an inselberg. The interviews presented specific questions about the structure, characteristics, traditional knowledge, use and management of rock pools. During sampling, 20 rock pools were visited by two key informants, i.e., those with more experience and knowledge about these ecosystems.ResultsOur results identified that the use and management of rock pools were reduced after the Brazilian government implemented the One Million Cisterns Project. Therefore, despite the historical relevance of these water bodies, their uses were forgotten by most of the inhabitants and those from neighboring locations, remaining for domestic use.ConclusionsResults about traditional knowledge indicated that the generation interviewed still remembers such method. However, with the presence of cisterns, the transmission of traditional knowledge about rock pools has decreased between the families and generations, presenting a serious social risk for a region characterized by extreme and prolonged droughts.
Accounting for Confounding by Time, Early Intervention Adoption, and Time-Varying Effect Modification in the Design and Analysis of Stepped-Wedge Designs: Application to a Proposed Study Design to Reduce Opioid-Related Mortality
Authors: Rennert Lior , Heo Moonseong , Litwin Alain H , De Gruttola Victor 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Stepped-wedge designs (SWDs) are currently being used in the investigation of interventions to reduce opioid-related deaths in communities located in several states. However, these interventions are competing with external factors such as newly initiated public policies limiting opioid prescriptions, media awareness campaigns, and COVID-19 social distancing mandates. Furthermore, control communities may prematurely adopt components of the intervention as they become available. The presence of time-varying external factors that impact study outcomes is a well-known limitation of SWDs; common approaches to adjusting for them make use of a mixed effects modeling framework. However, these models have several shortcomings when external factors differentially impact intervention and control clusters. Methods: We discuss limitations of commonly used mixed effects models in the context of proposed SWDs to investigate interventions intended to reduce opioid-related mortality, and propose extensions of these models to address these limitations. We conduct an extensive simulation study of anticipated data from SWD trials targeting the current opioid epidemic in order to examine the performance of these models in the presence of external factors. We consider confounding by time, premature adoption of components of the intervention, and time-varying effect modification— in which external factors differentially impact intervention and control clusters. Results: In the presence of confounding by time, commonly used mixed effects models yield unbiased intervention effect estimates, but can have inflated Type 1 error and result in under coverage of confidence intervals. These models yield biased intervention effect estimates when premature intervention adoption or effect modification are present. In such scenarios, models incorporating fixed intervention-by-time interactions with an unstructured covariance for intervention-by-cluster-by-time random effects result in unbiased intervention effect estimates, reach nominal confidence interval coverage, and preserve Type 1 error. Conclusions: Mixed effects models can adjust for different combinations of external factors through correct specification of fixed and random time effects; misspecification can result in bias of the intervention effect estimate, under coverage of confidence intervals, and Type 1 error inflation. Since model choice has considerable impact on validity of results and study power, careful consideration must be given to choosing appropriate models that account for potential external factors.
AdipoR2 Inhibits Human Glioblastoma Cells Growth Through the AMPK/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Jie Chen , Xuan Wang , DongFeng Han , MaoHua Ding , Bo Wang , Fei Sun , Hao Zhang , DeHua Jiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: AdipoR2belongs to seven transmembrane domains receptor family, which has been shown to have played an important role in the development of human tumor, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we found that AdipoR2 expression correlates with glioma grade. In addition, we also investigated the mechanisms behind the anti-proliferative effects of AdipoR2 in U251 cells (human glioma cell line) using the colony formation assay and WST-8 growth assay. Methods: U251 cell line were cultured in vitro; Western Blotting was used to detect the expression of related proteins; Using Quantitative RT-PCR to detect AdipoR1and AdipoR2 expression; Detection of Cell cycle assay by flow cytometry; The gene expression profiles of glioma samples from CCGA were analyzed by Matlab and GSEA software.Results: We found 648 upregulated genes and 436 downregulated genes correlated with AdipoR2 expression in 158 glioma samples. GSEA analysis suggested that AdipoR2 is a cell cycle–associated gene. Results of flow cytometry analysis indicated that AdipoR2 induced cell cycle G0/G1 arrest in U251 cells. Furthermore, we identified the AMPK/mTOR signaling axis to be involved in AdipoR2-induced cell cycle arrest.Conclusions: Our results suggest that AdipoR2 may represent a novel endogenous negative regulator of GBM cell proliferation. These findings also suggested that AdipoR2may be a promising therapeutic target in GBM patients.
Assessment the Risk Perception of Health Care Workers of Covid-19 Disease
Authors: Samadipour Ezat , Ghardashi Fatemeh , Zardosht Roghayeh , Borzoee Fatemeh , Navipour Elham 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and Objectives: The emergent Covid-19 disease with conspicuous prevalence is putting the healthcare workers' job security at risk. The preventive behaviors in every individual have a close relationship with his/her risk perception of the risk factor. Hence the present study has been undertaken aiming at determining the Iranian healthcare workers' risk perception of the Covid-19 disease and the relevant effective factors. Materials and Methods: This anonymous online survey was conducted in March-April, 2020 using targeted snowball sampling among the Iranian healthcare workers. The data was collected via online-social networks using a questionnaire containing demographical specifications (5 questions), risk perceptions (20 questions), with five sub-scales including cognitive, cultural, political, social and emotional factors. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v.16 software.Results: From 165 participants, the youth (20-49 years of age) with 84% and the females with 60% constituted the majority of participants. The average risk perception score of the healthcare workers was 66.43±8.17. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed the significant direct relationship between the risk perception score and all the sub-scales at 0.01 significance level. The political and cultural factors had the highest correlation with the personnel risk perception (r > 0.75).Conclusion: Health workers did not have an excellent risk perception of the emergent Covid-19 disease. Training seems to be necessary to increase employee risk perception and requires more extensive studies.
Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q-13): Expanding on The Short Form
Authors: Lev-Ari Lilac , Bachner-Melman Rachel , Zohar Ada H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: The Eating Disorders Examination–Questionnaire (EDE-Q) is widely used but is time-consuming to complete. In recent years, the advantages and disadvantages of several brief versions have therefore been investigated. A seven-item scale (EDE-Q-7) has excellent psychometric properties but excludes items on bingeing and purging. This study aimed to evaluate a thirteen-item scale (EDE-Q-13) including items on bingeing and purging. Method: Participants were 1,160 (188; 11.4% males) community volunteers aged 28.79±9.92. They completed the full EDE-Q and measures of positive body experience, social and emotional connection, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect and positive eating. The six EDE-Q items about bingeing and purging, recoded to correspond to the response categories of the other EDE-Q questions, were added to the EDE-Q-7, resulting in the EDE-Q-13. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the hypothesized EDE-Q-13 structure, including the bingeing and purging subscales. Strong positive correlations were found between the EDE-Q-13 and the original EDE-Q scores. The EDE-Q-13 showed convergent validity with related measures. Conclusions: The EDE-Q-13 is a brief version of the EDE-Q that includes bingeing and purging subscales and has satisfactory psychometric properties. Its use in clinical and research contexts is encouraged.
Improved Agrobacterium Tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation of Cucumber via Modified use of Antibiotics and Acetosyringone
Authors: Chai Li'ang , Du Changxia , Fan Huaifu , Liu Chen , Si Yuyang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world. As conventional breeding of cucumber is very challenging, genetic engineering is an alternative option to introduce important traits such as enhanced stress resistance and nutritional value. However, the efficiency of the transformation system depends on genotypes, transformation conditions, selection agents, etc. This study aims to speed up the process of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cucumber. ‘Xintaimici’, a very popular and typical north China-type cucumber variety, was transformed with Agrobacterium GV3101. The strain carried the pCAMBIA2300s plasmid, a double vector with the marker gene neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II). Results: The research results indicated that cefotaxime sodium was suitable for inhibiting Agrobacterium in the screening and bud elongation stages. Timentin was best used during the rooting stage. Furthermore, 25 mg/L kanamycin was used in the early stage of screening and increased to 50 mg/L for further screening. At the bud elongation and rooting stages, 75 and 100 mg/L kanamycin was used, respectively, to improve the screening efficiency. To obtain the highest regeneration frequency of resistant buds, 50, 150, and 100 μM acetosyringone was added in the pre-culture medium, infection solution, and co-culture medium, respectively. To confirm the presence of the transgenes, DNA from npt II transgenic cucumber plants was analysed by polymerase chain reaction after transplanting resistant regenerated plants. Conclusions: We finally achieved an 8.1% conversion, which is among the highest values reported to date using the cucumber ‘Xintaimici’. Thus, an effective protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of cucumber was optimized.
The Evolution of Medical Students’ Preparedness for Clinical Practice During the Transition of Graduation: A Longitudinal Study from the Undergraduate to Postgraduate Periods
Authors: Chaou Chung－Hsien , Yu Shiuan-Ruey , Chang Yu-Che , Ma Shou-De , Tseng Hsu-Min , Hsieh Ming-Ju , Fang Ji-Tseng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Graduating from medical school and beginning independent practice appears to be a major transition for medical students across the world. It is often reported that medical graduates are underprepared for independent practice. Most previous studies on undergraduates’ preparedness are cross-sectional. This study aimed to understand the development and trend of medical students’ preparedness and its association with other objective and subjective indicators from the undergraduate to postgraduate periods.MethodsThis was a prospective longitudinal cohort study. The participants were recruited and followed from 2 years before graduation to the postgraduate period. The preparedness for independent practice, professional identity, and teamwork experience were biannually measured using previously validated questionnaires. The participants’ basic demographic information, clinical learning marks from the last two years, and national board exam scores were also collected.Results A total of 85 participants completed 403 measurements in the 5 sequential surveys. The mean age at recruitment was 23.6, and 58% of participants were male. The overall total preparedness score gradually increased from 157.3 (SD=21.2) at the first measurement to 175.5 (SD=25.6) at the fifth measurement. The serial individual preparedness scores revealed both temporal differences within the same learner and individual differences across learners. Despite the variations, a clear steady increase in the overall average score was observed. Participants were least prepared in the domain of patient management at first, but the score increased in the subsequent measurements. The participants with better final preparedness had better professional identity (p<0.01), better teamwork experience (p<0.01), and higher average clinical rotation marks (p<0.05). ConclusionsThe preparedness for practice of medical students from the undergraduate to postgraduate periods is associated with their professional identity, teamwork experience, and objective clinical rotation endpoint. Although preparedness generally increases with time, educators must understand that there are temporal fluctuations and individual differences in learners’ preparedness.