bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of novel nanoemulsions, with improved properties, based on rosemary essential oil and biopolymers
Authors: Martin‐Piñero M José , García M Carmen , Santos Jenifer , Alfaro‐Rodriguez Maria‐Carmen , Muñoz José 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDNowadays, it is of great interest to develop stable and sustainable formulations that act as nanocarriers of active ingredients. In this work, the droplet size distribution, rheology and physical stability of nanoemulsions with improved properties containing rosemary essential oil and biopolymers as a function of the concentration of these polysaccharides were investigated.RESULTSMean diameters below 150 nm were achieved, indicating nanostructures were obtained. Regardless of gum type, a gel‐like structure and a shear thinning behaviour was achieved. In addition, an increase of G′, G″ and viscosity and a decrease of J0, J1, J2, λ1 and λ2 with increasing gum concentration were observed, due to the formation of a three‐dimensional network in the aqueous phase. Slight differences between nanoemulsions containing welan or xanthan were found. Creaming, depletion flocculation and gel aggregation were the main destabilization processes at low, intermediate and high gum concentration, respectively. A 0.4 wt% gum nanoemulsion exhibited the best physical stability.CONCLUSIONThese stable and sustainable nanoemulsions with improved rheological properties contribute to the development of biodegradable and non‐toxic food or agrochemical products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrasound Findings Aid Decisions to Repair Partial Articular Supraspinatus Tendon Avulsion
Authors: Yoon Kisyck , Kim Hyungsuk , Han Sung Bin , Song Hyun Seok 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesUltrasound (US) is useful for diagnosing full‐thickness rotator cuff tears and high‐grade partial‐thickness bursal‐side tears. However, anisotropy artifacts make it difficult to identify partial articular supraspinatus tendon avulsion (PASTA) by US. This study was performed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of US for PASTA and to uncover sensitive findings that could aid decisions to repair.MethodsPatients who underwent preoperative US examinations and supraspinatus tendon confirmation by arthroscopic examinations were enrolled. We analyzed 52 PASTA cases involving greater than 50% thickness of the tendon and 52 age‐ and sex‐matched cases with an intact supraspinatus. Two orthopedic surgeons blinded to the diagnosis interpreted US videos of the supraspinatus tendon. Six findings (echo defect, tendon delamination, echo change, tendon thickness, tendon fiber pattern, and cartilage interface sign) were assessed. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for each US finding.ResultsThe cases consisted of 46 men and 58 women. The US diagnosis of PASTA showed sensitivity of 64.7%, specificity of 94.1%, and accuracy of 79.4%. The echo change in the short axis showed the highest sensitivity. Thinning and delamination showed the highest specificity of 100%. In contrast to previous reports, the sensitivity of the cartilage interface sign was low in both long‐axis images (17.6%) and short‐axis images (29.4%).ConclusionsPreoperative diagnostic US to aid decisions regarding PASTA repair showed high specificity (94.1%) and moderate accuracy (79.4%). However, the sensitivity was only 64.7% and was affected by the examiner's experience with US.
Evaluation of yield, yield stability, and yield–protein relationship in 17 commercial faba bean cultivars
Authors: Skovbjerg Cathrine Kiel , Knudsen Jens Nørgaard , Füchtbauer Winnie , Stougaard Jens , Stoddard Frederick L. , Janss Luc , Andersen Stig Uggerhøj 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFaba bean is a legume crop with high protein content and considerable potential for wider cultivation in cool climates. However, it has a reputation for having unstable yield with large interannual variability, mostly attributed to yearly variation in rainfall. In this study, 17 commercial cultivars of faba bean were evaluated for seed yield, yield stability and the relationship between seed yield and protein content at four locations in Denmark and Finland during 2016–2018. We found that location and year effects accounted for 89% of the total seed yield variation. Cultivar × environment (GxE) interactions were small (2.4%) and did not cause reranking of cultivars across environments. Yield stability contributed little to the mean yield of the cultivars, as high‐yielding cultivars consistently outperformed the lower yielding genotypes, even under the most adverse conditions. Similarly, GxE effects on protein content were limited, and we found an overall negative correlation of −0.61 between seed yield and protein content for the cultivars and environments studied. These data may be helpful for selecting cultivars for field use or for use in breeding programmes, considering that future faba bean pricing could depend on both protein quantity and concentration.
Pelvic multi‐organ segmentation on cone‐beam CT for prostate adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Fu Yabo , Lei Yang , Wang Tonghe , Tian Sibo , Patel Pretesh , Jani Ashesh B. , Curran Walter J. , Liu Tian , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a deep learning‐based approach to simultaneously segment five pelvic organs including prostate, bladder, rectum, left and right femoral heads on cone‐beam CT (CBCT), as required elements for prostate adaptive radiotherapy planning.Materials and methodsWe propose to utilize both CBCT and CBCT‐based synthetic MRI (sMRI) for the segmentation of soft tissue and bony structures, as they provide complementary information for pelvic organ segmentation. CBCT images have superior bony structure contrast and sMRIs have superior soft tissue contrast. Prior to segmentation, sMRI was generated using a cycle‐consistent adversarial networks (CycleGAN), which was trained using paired CBCT‐MR images. To combine the advantages of both CBCT and sMRI, we developed a cross‐modality attention pyramid network with late feature fusion. Our method processes CBCT and sMRI inputs separately to extract CBCT‐specific and sMRI‐specific features prior to combining them in a late‐fusion network for final segmentation. The network was trained and tested using 100 patients’ datasets, with each dataset including the CBCT and manual physician contours. For comparison, we trained another two networks with different network inputs and architectures. The segmentation results were compared to manual contours for evaluations.ResultsFor the proposed method, dice similarity coefficients and mean surface distances between the segmentation results and the ground truth were 0.96 ± 0.03, 0.65 ± 0.67 mm; 0.91 ± 0.08, 0.93 ± 0.96 mm; 0.93 ± 0.04, 0.72 ± 0.61 mm; 0.95 ± 0.05, 1.05 ± 1.40 mm; and 0.95 ± 0.05, 1.08 ± 1.48 mm for bladder, prostate, rectum, left and right femoral heads, respectively. As compared to the other two competing methods, our method has shown superior performance in terms of the segmentation accuracy.ConclusionWe developed a deep learning‐based segmentation method to rapidly and accurately segment five pelvic organs simultaneously from daily CBCTs. The proposed method could be used in the clinic to support rapid target and organs‐at‐risk contouring for prostate adaptive radiation therapy.
Magic‐angle‐spinning‐induced local ordering in polymer electrolytes and its effects on solid‐state diffusion and relaxation NMR measurements
Authors: Messinger Robert J. , Vu Huynh Tan , Bouchet Renaud , Sarou‐Kanian Vincent , Deschamps Michaël 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMagic‐angle‐spinning (MAS) enhances sensitivity and resolution in solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. MAS is obtained by aerodynamic levitation and drive of a rotor, which results in large centrifugal forces that may affect the physical state of soft materials, such as polymers, and subsequent solid‐state NMR measurements. Here, we investigate the effects of MAS on the solid‐state NMR measurements of a polymer electrolyte for lithium‐ion battery applications, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) doped with the lithium salt LiTFSI. We show that MAS induces local chain ordering, which manifests itself as characteristic lineshapes with doublet‐like splittings in subsequent solid‐state 1H, 7Li, and 19F static NMR spectra characterizing the PEO chains and solvated ions. MAS results in distributions of stresses and hence local chain orientations within the rotor, yielding distributions in the local magnetic susceptibility tensor that give rise to the observed NMR anisotropy and lineshapes. The effects of MAS were investigated on solid‐state 7Li and 19F pulsed‐field‐gradient (PFG) diffusion and 7Li longitudinal relaxation NMR measurements. Activation energies for ion diffusion were affected modestly by MAS. 7Li longitudinal relaxation rates, which are sensitive to lithium‐ion dynamics in the nanosecond regime, were essentially unchanged by MAS. We recommend that NMR researchers studying soft polymeric materials use only the spin rates necessary to achieve the desired enhancements in sensitivity and resolution, as well as acquire static NMR spectra after MAS experiments to reveal any signs of stress‐induced local ordering.
Misconceived expectations: Patient reflections on the total knee replacement journey
Authors: Bunzli Samantha , O'Brien Penny , Klem Nardia , Incoll Ian , Singh Jasvinder , Davaris Myles , Choong Peter , Dowsey Michelle 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionFifty per cent of patients consent for total knee replacement (TKR) with unrealistic expectations about what it involves and can achieve. A framework is needed to help surgeons identify key knowledge gaps and misconceptions that can be targeted during the informed consent process. In this qualitative study, we explored knowledge gaps and misconceptions by asking patients to reflect on their expectations along the TKR journey.MethodsEligible adults were ≥18 years, 12‐month post‐TKR and had completed a validated expectations questionnaire pre‐TKR as part of a joint replacement registry. To capture a variety of perspectives, people with a range of pre‐TKR expectation scores were invited. In interviews, participants reflected on anticipated and actual experiences and unexpected experiences they had along the way. Transcripts were analysed through inductive thematic analysis. Recruitment ceased when thematic saturation was reached.Ethics ApprovalEthical approval for this study was granted by the St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Ethics Committee (LRR 077/18).ResultsIn the final sample (n = 20; 50% female; median age = 72 years; contralateral TKR = 11), all participants described instances where their anticipated and actual experiences diverged, including high expectations of improvements in pain/function (pre‐surgical optimism), lacking awareness about anaesthetic procedures (perioperative misunderstandings), feeling unprepared for the length of the recovery period (post‐operative misestimations) and trying to make sense of ongoing functional limitations (long‐term misattributions).Discussion and ConclusionThese findings are captured in a preliminary framework of therapeutic misconception. Although future research is needed to test this framework prospectively in larger, more generalisable samples, surgeons can consider these key knowledge gaps and misconceptions when consenting for TKR.
On “Optimal” h‐independent convergence of Parareal and multigrid‐reduction‐in‐time using Runge‐Kutta time integration
Authors: Friedhoff Stephanie , Southworth Ben S. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryAlthough convergence of the Parareal and multigrid‐reduction‐in‐time (MGRIT) parallel‐in‐time algorithms is well studied, results on their optimality is limited. Appealing to recently derived tight bounds of two‐level Parareal and MGRIT convergence, this article proves (or disproves) hx‐ and ht‐independent convergence of two‐level Parareal and MGRIT, for linear problems of the form , where is symmetric positive definite and Runge‐Kutta time integration is used. The theory presented in this article also encompasses analysis of some modified Parareal algorithms, such as the θ‐Parareal method, and shows that not all Runge‐Kutta schemes are equal from the perspective of parallel‐in‐time. Some schemes, particularly L‐stable methods, offer significantly better convergence than others as they are guaranteed to converge rapidly at both limits of small and large htξ, where ξ denotes an eigenvalue of and ht time‐step size. On the other hand, some schemes do not obtain h‐optimal convergence, and two‐level convergence is restricted to certain regimes. In certain cases, an factor change in time step ht or coarsening factor k can be the difference between convergence factors ρ≈0.02 and divergence! The analysis is extended to skew‐symmetric operators as well, which cannot obtain h‐independent convergence and, in fact, will generally not converge for a sufficiently large number of time steps. Numerical results confirm the analysis in practice and emphasize the importance of a priori analysis in choosing an effective coarse‐grid scheme and coarsening factor. A Mathematica notebook to perform a priori two‐grid analysis is available at https://github.com/XBraid/xbraid‐convergence‐est.
Regional differences in access to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation among pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Truong Tony H , Pole Jason D , Bittencourt Henrique , Schechter Tal , Cuvelier Geoff D. E. , Paulson Kristjan , Rayar Meera , Mitchell David , Schultz Kirk R. , O'Shea Debbie , Barber Randy , Sung Lillian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionIndications for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are primarily dependent on risk stratification at diagnosis and relapse status. We sought to determine whether access to HSCT is influenced by regional and socioeconomic factors.MethodsChildren with newly diagnosed AML aged < 15 years between 2001 and 2015 were identified using the Cancer in Young People in Canada national population–based registry. Factors potentially associated with the receipt of HSCT were studied using univariate and multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsOverall, 568 children with newly diagnosed AML were included and 262 (46%) received HSCT. A greater proportion of patients, 103/157 (65.6%), underwent HSCT after first or subsequent relapse compared to 159/411 (38.7%) patients who underwent transplant before relapse. Among patients for whom HSCT would be considered before relapse, factors associated with higher odds of HSCT in a multivariable analysis were: poor versus good‐risk cytogenetics (Odds ratio [OR]: 30.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.7–117.0), diagnosis during 2012–2015 versus 2001–2006 (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.6–6.3), diagnosis in eastern Canada versus central Canada (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.9–7.3), and age 10–14 years versus age < 1 year (OR: 5.4, 95% CI: 2.3–12.8). Among patients for whom HSCT would be considered after first relapse, higher odds of HSCT was associated with diagnosis at a HSCT center (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–4.1).ConclusionPatients diagnosed at a HSCT performing center and patients from eastern Canada had higher odds of receiving HSCT. This may suggest preferential access to HSCT for certain patients.
French Translation and Validation of the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment for Gluteal Tendinopathy Questionnaire
Authors: Beaudart Charlotte , Gillier Mario , Bornheim Stephen , Van Beveren Julien , Bruyère Olivier , Kaux Jean‐François 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundDeveloped in 2015, the Victorian Institute for Sport Assessment for Gluteal Tendinopathy (VISA‐G) is the first patient‐reported outcome measure tool specifically designed to measure the severity of disability associated with greater trochanteric pain syndrome. There is currently no French version of the VISA‐G questionnaire.ObjectiveTo translate the VISA‐G questionnaire into French (VISA‐GF) and to test its psychometric performances.DesignCross‐sectional study, validation study.SettingClinics in Liège, Belgium and in France.PatientsParticipants with greater trochanteric pain syndrome and control asymptomatic participants.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresFrench translation of the VISA‐G and psychometric performances of the questionnaire tested using internal consistency, construct validity and test–retest reliability with a 7‐day interval.ResultsThe eight items of the VISA‐G questionnaire were translated without any difficulties. The psychometric validation study included 106 participants (median age 53 [58‐64] years old, 65 women [61.3%]). The questionnaire discriminates well between pathologic (n = 52) and asymptomatic participants (n = 54). Moreover, we found a good internal consistency and excellent test–retest reliability for the VISA‐GF questionnaire. We also confirmed the construct validity and did not find any floor or ceiling effects.ConclusionsThe VISA‐GF has been shown to be a valid and reliable way to measure the severity of disability associated with greater trochanteric pain syndrome in French‐speaking participants.
Engineering of multiple trypsin/chymotrypsin sites in Cry3A to enhance its activity against Monochamus alternatus Hope larvae
Authors: Guo Yajie , Wang Yafang , O'Donoghue Anthony J , Jiang Zhenze , Carballar‐Lejarazú Rebeca , Liang Guanghong , Hu Xia , Wang Rong , Xu Lei , Guan Xiong , Zhang Feiping , Wu Songqing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacillus thuringiensis Cry3 toxins exhibit specific toxicity against several coleopteran larvae. However, owing to its low toxicity to Monochamus alternatus, Cry3A toxin is not useful for managing M. alternatus larvae. Here we assessed the proteolytic activation of Cry3Aa toxin in M. alternatus larval midgut and increased its toxicity by molecular modification.RESULTSOur results indicated that insufficient processing of Cry3Aa protoxin and non‐specific enzymatic digestion of Cry3Aa toxin in the midgut of M. alternatus larvae led to low toxicity. The results of transcriptome analysis, enzymatic assay with fluorogenic substrates, and multiplex substrate profiling by mass spectrometry showed that the main digestive enzymes in M. alternatus larval midgut were trypsin‐like proteases that preferentially cleaved peptides with arginine and lysine residues. Consequently, trypsin recognition sites were introduced into the Domain I of Cry3Aa protoxin in the loop regions between α‐helix 3 and α‐helix 4 to facilitate proteolytic activation. Multiple potential trypsin cleavage sites away from the helix sheet and functional regions in Cry3Aa proteins were also mutated to alanine to prevent non‐specific enzymatic digestion. Bioassays indicated that a modified Cry3Aa‐T toxin (K65A, K70A, K231A, K468A, and K596A) showed a 9.5‐fold (LC50 = 12.3 μg/mL) increase in toxicity to M. alternatus larvae when compared to native Cry3Aa toxin.CONCLUSIONThis study highlights an effective way to increase the toxicity of Cry3Aa toxin to M. alternatus, which may be suitable for managing the resistance of transgenic plants to other pests, including some of the most important pests in agriculture. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Urbanisation and differential vulnerability to coastal flooding among migrants and nonmigrants in Bangladesh
Authors: Liu Zhen , Balk Deborah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLike much of Asia, Bangladesh will see an urban transition in the coming decades. Yet, its urbanisation will be unprecedented in terms of climate vulnerabilities. Little is known about urbanisation and migrants, in the context of these vulnerabilities, in part because demographic inquiry and training (with a few notable exceptions) has only begun in the last decade to embrace new, spatial data and methods of analysis—especially those involving earth‐observing satellites. This descriptive analysis examines urban change along with low‐elevation coastal zone (LECZ) data as a proxy for flood exposure, using data from satellites, and integrates those features with socioeconomic characteristics and migration information from demographic and health survey data (DHS 2000–2014). We describe where urban change has occurred in the past 40 years, with a focus on understanding change occurring in LECZ areas. We then describe vulnerabilities of the households and migrants in areas of urban change from about 2004 onward, both in terms of their potential exposure to flooding and socioeconomic characteristics. We find that moderate‐risk, 7‐10m LECZ areas are not only more built‐up than higher elevation areas, but they have also had appreciably more urban development as measured by built‐up change than other areas. Although we found that poor urban households are more likely to be located in flood‐prone areas, poor households were also less likely to be in areas that are built‐up. The 0‐6m LECZ has lower proportions of urban in‐migrants, but among those migrants to cities, the flood‐prone LECZ is more likely to be the destination of poor migrants. This paper suggests that climate adaptation plans should be spatially specific because poor migrants are more likely to be located in LECZ areas that are more prone to flooding.
Legal geographies of irregular migration: An outlook on immigration detention
Authors: Könönen Jukka 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this article, I discuss legal geographies of irregular migration, drawing on a case study on immigration detention in Finland. Based on analysis of detention records, four different types of legal geographies are identified, relating to south–north movement of third‐country nationals inside Europe, criminalised Eastern European EU citizens, irregularity during the asylum process (in particular, related to the Dublin Regulation) and irregularly residing foreign nationals, including deportable long‐term residents. The analysis focuses on the relations between space, law and persons during detainees' irregular migration trajectories, paying attention to their varying entry routes, residence times, legal grounds for removal and detention and removal countries. I argue for the need for empirically contextualised analysis that addresses the complex relations between law and geography beyond a particular national context, in order to better understand the dynamics of irregular migration in all its variety.
Theoretical examination of covalency in berkelium(IV) carbonate complexes
Authors: Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. , Hobart David E. , Páez‐Hernández Dayan , Celis‐Barros Cristian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExperimental studies on the speciation of berkelium in carbonate media have shown that complexation of berkelium(III) by carbonate results in spontaneous oxidation to berkelium(IV) and that multiple species can be present in solution. We studied two proposed structures present in solution based on theoretical comparisons with spectroscopic data previously reported for Bk(IV) carbonate solutions. The multiconfigurational character of the ground and low‐lying excited states in both complexes is demonstrated to result from the strong spin‐orbit coupling. Although bonding in Bk(IV) carbonate and carbonate‐hydroxide complexes is dominated by strong Coulombic forces, the presence of non‐negligible covalent character is supported by ligand‐field theory, natural localized orbitals, topological studies of the electron density, and energy transition state natural orbitals for chemical valence. Bond orders based on natural localized molecular orbitals show that BkOH bonds possess enhanced orbital overlap, which is reflected in the bond strength. This is also observed in the decomposition of the orbital interaction energy into individual deformation density pairs.