bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taking Different Roads: l‐Tryptophan as the Origin of Psilocybe Natural Products
Authors: Lenz Claudius , Sherwood Alexander , Kargbo Robert , Hoffmeister Dirk 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPsychotropic fungi of the genus Psilocybe, colloquially referred to as „magic mushrooms”, are best known for their l‐tryptophan‐derived major natural product, psilocybin. Yet, recent research has revealed a more diverse secondary metabolism that originates from this amino acid. In this minireview, the focus is laid on l‐tryptophan and the various Psilocybe natural products and their metabolic routes are highlighted. Psilocybin and its congeners, the heterogeneous blue‐colored psilocyl oligomers, alongside β‐carbolines and N,N‐dimethyl‐l‐tryptophan, are presented as well as current knowledge on their biosynthesis is provided. The multidisciplinary character of natural product research is demonstrated, and pharmacological, medicinal, ecological, biochemical, and evolutionary aspects are included.
Genetic adaptation of Tibetan poplar (Populus szechuanica var. tibetica) to high altitudes on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zheng Chenfei , Tan Lizhi , Sang Mengmeng , Ye Meixia , Wu Rongling 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlant adaptation to high altitudes has long been a substantial focus of ecological and evolutionary research. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying such adaptation remain poorly understood. Here, we address this issue by sampling, genotyping, and comparing populations of Tibetan poplar, Populus szechuanica var. tibetica, distributed from low (~2,000 m) to high altitudes (~3,000 m) of Sejila Mountain on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Population structure analyses allow clear classification of two groups according to their altitudinal distributions. However, in contrast to the genetic variation within each population, differences between the two populations only explain a small portion of the total genetic variation (3.64%). We identified asymmetrical gene flow from high‐ to low‐altitude populations. Integrating population genomic and landscape genomic analyses, we detected two hotspot regions, one containing four genes associated with altitudinal variation, and the other containing ten genes associated with response to solar radiation. These genes participate in abiotic stress resistance and regulation of reproductive processes. Our results provide insight into the genetic mechanisms underlying high‐altitude adaptation in Tibetan poplar.
Investigation of oxygen sources and subsequent thorium oxidation in the iridium DOP‐26 cladding material and PuO2 fuel system
Authors: Franz Brian P. , Glazoff Michael V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEarlier experimental work on materials used in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTG) has shown that the Ir DOP‐26 cladding material experiences intensified grain growth due to the unpinning of grain boundaries and diffusion of thorium to the surface of the material. This phenomenon has shown considerable dependence on high temperature environments, long duration, and partial pressures of oxygen in the system. When an oxygen source is present in the system, it exacerbates this grain growth by the formation of ThO2. Continued experimentation to analyze this grain growth dependence can be costly and at times infeasible. In this article, a simple approach was used that involves first‐principles atomistic calculations and computational thermodynamics to simulate, understand and plan for potential mitigation of the grain growth in the cladding material without changing the configuration or composition of the structure and/or materials in order to avoid costly recertification processes and experimentation. An emphasis was made on identifying the potential sources of oxygen and determining the oxidation stability of thorium in the Ir‐Th system (used to mimic alloy DOP‐26 in the first approximation). The overall results improve qualitative understanding of the potential oxygen sources and the stability of oxidation. Supplemented by the kinetic studies in the future, this research effort would represent a steppingstone to design and build better RTGs for the future deep space missions.
Environmentally Compatible Access to α‐Trifluoromethylseleno‐Enones
Authors: Grollier Kevin , Taponard Alexis , Ghiazza Clément , Magnier Emmanuel , Billard Thierry 
Published: October 2020

Abstractα‐Trifluoromethylselenolated enones constitute valuable building‐blocks for further synthesis of innovative fluorinated compounds. Herein, we described an easy access to such compounds in green conditions through a Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman like reaction. These conditions have also been extended to higher fluorinated homologs.
Assessing the multiscale “meteor shower” effect from oil to the central and eastern European stock indices
Authors: Živkov Dejan , Balaban Suzana , Pećanac Marko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the idiosyncratic volatility spillover effect from the Brent oil futures market to the 11 stock markets of Central and Eastern European economies. As volatility proxies, we use regime‐switching conditional volatilities, obtained from two‐states MS‐GARCH model. In order to determine the level of this effect in different market conditions and in different time‐horizons, we combine wavelet methodology with the quantile regression approach. Our results indicate that the volatility spillover effect is not particularly strong across the countries and the wavelet scales, except in those conditions when stock market volatility is exceptionally high. Also, the wavelet‐based quantile parameters report that the volatility transmission effect gradually subsides with the flow of time, and it applies for the majority of the indices. Romanian BET index experiences the strongest volatility spillover effect from oil in conditions when Romanian stock market is under extreme stress. The reason for this finding probably lies in the facts that Romania is the largest oil and gas producer among all CEECs, and oil and gas markets tend to comove strongly. Based on findings of wavelet quantile parameters and wavelet correlations, we can conclude that hedgers and portfolio managers can build their portfolio strategies, combining Brent oil futures with the CEE indices.
Effects of the bank levy introduction on the interbank market
Authors: Puławska Karolina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOne of the proposals that have been brought forward regarding ways of discouraging banks from taking unnecessary risk, widely debated these days, is the introduction of taxes in the financial sector. Although recent empirical investigations document a positive effect of the bank levies (BL), it may also reduce banks' activity. In this paper, we aim to analyse the Polish BL on assets. Poland's interbank market might be affected by a new BL introduced in 2016, as interbank positions of the balance sheet have been also taxed. The analysis covers the panel structure of data of Polish banks with unconsolidated financial statements. To evaluate the impact of the BL on the above interbank market features, we use the OLS regression with fixed effects in relation to the bank. Data has been sourced from OrbisFocus and Central Banks' websites and covers the period 2011–2017. The result demonstrates that the BL on assets applied in Poland has a negative impact on the interbank market. Estimation results shows that the BL on assets significantly decrease the value of 1y and increases the value of 3 months interbank loans. In addition, the BL on assets in the banking sector positively affects the value of government securities and negatively affects the interest income on interbank loans. Moreover, the dispersion of 1 and 3 months quotations was reduced as a result of the BL introduction. In case of short‐term transactions, dispersion amplifies. Additionally, the volatility of quotation decreases due to reduced trading after the BL implementation.
Retracted: Zn(II)‐based complex: Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and biological activity on the brain damage caused by cerebral hemorrhage by reducing the thrombin content
Authors: Shi Yong‐Wei , Su Jing , Chen Xiao‐Chang , Yu Ya‐Dong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThrough applying the mixed‐ligand method, a new coordination polymer (CP) based on Zn(II) ions as metal nodes was synthesized under the hydrothermal reaction conditions, and its chemical formula is {[Zn(L)0.5(1,4‐bib)]·H2O}n (1) (H4L = 1,2,4,5‐cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid and 1,4‐bib = 1,4‐bis[1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl]benzene). The photophysical research reflected that the complex 1 is a kind of potential semiconductor material. In addition, under the ultraviolet irradiation, complex 1 has high photocatalytic degradation efficiency for methylene blue (MB), and it reveals excellent recoverability and stability. Furthermore, the biological activity of the compound against brain damage caused by cerebral hemorrhage was evaluated. The real‐time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT‐PCR) method was conducted firstly to determine the prothrombin expression levels. Next, the inflammatory response in the brain tissue was assessed by determining the activation level of nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) with western blot.
Enrolment characteristics associated with retention among HIV negative Kenyan gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men enrolled in the Anza Mapema cohort study
Authors: Kunzweiler Colin , Bailey Robert C , Okall Duncan O , Graham Susan M , Mehta Supriya D , Otieno‐Nyunya Boaz , Djomand Gaston , Otieno Fredrick O 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionMost gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) live in rights‐constrained environments making retaining them in research to be as hard as recruiting them. To evaluate Anza Mapema, an HIV risk‐reduction programme in Kisumu, Kenya, we examined the enrolment sociodemographic, behavioural, psychosocial and clinical factors associated with missing two or more follow‐up visits for GBMSM participating in Anza Mapema.MethodsBetween August 2015 and November 2017, GBMSM were enrolled and followed in a prospective cohort study with quarterly visits over 12 months. At enrolment, men were tested for HIV and sexually transmitted infections and completed questionnaires via audio computer‐assisted self‐interview. Because the Kenya Ministry of Health recommends HIV testing every three to six months for GBMSM, the retention outcome in this cross sectional analysis was defined as missing two consecutive follow‐up visits (vs. not missing two or more consecutive visits). Multivariable logistic regression estimated the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations of the enrolment characteristics with the binary outcome of retention.Results and discussionAmong 609 enrolled HIV‐negative GBMSM, the median age was 23 years (interquartile range, 21 to 28 years), 19.0% had completed ≤8 years of education and 4.1% had resided in the study area <1 year at enrolment. After enrolment, 19.7% missed two consecutive follow‐up visits. In the final multivariable model, the odds of missing two consecutive follow‐up visits were higher for men who: resided in the study area <1 year at enrolment (aOR, 4.14; 95% CI: 1.77 to 9.68), were not living with a male sexual partner (aOR, 1.59; 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.50), and engaged in transactional sex during the last three months (aOR, 1.70; 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.67).ConclusionsOne in five men missed two consecutive follow‐up visits during this HIV prevention study despite intensive retention efforts and compensation for travel and participation. Participants with recent community arrival may require special support to optimize their retention in HIV prevention activities. Live‐in partners of participants may be enlisted to support greater engagement in prevention programmes, and men who engage in transactional sex will need enhanced counselling and support to stay in longitudinal studies.
Optimal designs and surgical technique for hip and knee joint replacement: The best is yet to come!
Authors: Mihalko William M. , Urish Kenneth , Haider Hani 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOver the last three decades, there have been significant advancements in knee and hip replacement technology. The implants and the surgical technology we now have to aid in their implantation are advancing and improving functional outcomes and survivorship. Despite these advancements, there are still issues with patient satisfaction, functional limitations, and early revisions due to instability and aseptic loosening. This article reviews the state of current technology in hip and knee replacement implant design and surgical technique, and reviews some of the current implant designs and surgical technologies that may be able to solve some of the most common issues in the knee and hip replacement surgery.
A continuous tephrostratigraphic record from the Labrador Sea spanning the last 65 ka
Authors: Rutledal Sunniva , Haflidason Haflidi , Berben Sarah M. P. , Griem Lisa , Jansen Eystein 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTVolcanic ash preserved in marine sediment sequences is key for independent synchronization of palaeoclimate records within and across different climate archives. Here we present a continuous tephrostratigraphic record from the Labrador Sea, spanning the last 65–5 ka, an area and time period that has not been investigated in detail within the established North Atlantic tephra framework. We investigated marine sediment core GS16‐204‐22CC for increased tephra occurrences and geochemically analysed the major element composition of tephra shards to identify their source volcano(es). In total we observed eight tephra zones, of which five concentration peaks show isochronous features that can be used as independent tie‐points in future studies. The main transport mechanism of tephra shards to the site was near‐instantaneous deposition by drifting of sea ice along the East Greenland Current. Our results show that the Icelandic Veidivötn volcanic system was the dominant source of tephra material, especially between late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 and early MIS 3. The Veidivötn system generated volcanic eruptions in cycles of ca. 3–5 ka. We speculate that the quantity of tephra delivered to the Labrador Sea was a result of variable Icelandic ice volume and/or changes in the transportation pathway towards the Labrador Sea.
Reliable estimation of Raman shift and its uncertainty for a non‐doped Si substrate (NMIJ CRM 5606‐a)
Authors: Itoh Nobuyasu , Shirono Katsuhiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRaman shift is one of the most important parameters in Raman spectroscopy and is theoretically calculated from the difference in the wavenumbers of excitation and Raman scattering. At present, there are no standard procedures available to reliably estimate the Raman shift and evaluate its uncertainty from experimental results. In this study, we reliably estimated the Raman shift and evaluated its uncertainty for a non‐doped crystalline Si substrate (NMIJ CRM5606‐a) using a He‐Ne laser and its plasma lines (Ne emission lines). The Raman scattering wavenumber of NMIJ CRM 5606‐a was estimated by the bracket calibration method using the wavenumbers of the closest Ne emission lines. The Raman shift was determined from the differences in the theoretical wavenumbers of a He‐Ne laser and the observed Raman scattering. To evaluate the combined standard uncertainty, we considered the uncertainty originating from the He‐Ne laser and the Ne emission lines, the repeatability of experimental results, inhomogeneity of measuring points and spectral dispersion. The estimated Raman shift was 520.45 cm−1 ± 0.28 cm−1 (coverage factor k = 2). The Raman shift was validated by the other estimated Raman shifts obtained with other two Raman spectrometers.
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering probe for molecules strongly coupled with localized surface plasmon under electrochemical potential control
Authors: Minamimoto Hiro , Kato Fumiya , Murakoshi Kei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe light–matter interaction is the crucial tool for the efficient light energy usage. Electrochemical potential control method can tune the coupling strength between the molecules and the light field. In this study, electrochemical surface‐enhanced Raman scattering measurements have been carried out to clarify the detailed molecular behavior in the strong coupling regime. The Raman and fluorescence intensities from dye molecules in the strong coupling regime provided us the information about the change in the distance between the molecules and the metal surface in angstrom level. The detailed investigation of spectra revealed the origin for the potential dependence on the coupling strength. The present insight obtained in the current study would be valuable to understand the electrochemically controlled molecule–light interaction for photochemistry research.
Leveraging the increased rates of pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant treatment in breast cancer to de‐escalate surgical treatments
Authors: Esgueva Antonio , Siso Christian , Espinosa‐Bravo Martin , Sobrido Carolina , Miranda Ignacio , Salazar Juan P. , Rubio Isabel T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionBreast conservative surgery (BCS) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) is safe and effective for selected patients. This aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of anatomic site of response on outcomes and to assess the real population who may benefit from nonsurgical approaches after NAT.Material and MethodsFrom a prospectively maintained database, patients with T1‐4 N0‐2 breast cancer undergoing NAT were identified. Clinicopathological and survival rates were compared in relation to response and anatomic site of response.ResultsSix hundred and forty‐six patients were included in the study. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was an independent factor for BCS and SLN. HER2 positive and TN tumors with cN0 achieving a breast pCR remain ypN0 (p = .002). Residual axillary disease was associated with breast residual tumor (p = .05) and subtype (p = .001). With a median follow up of 35.25 months, patients with any pCR had improved survival when compared with partial response, but not significant differences between pCR, axillary pCR, or breast pCR.ConclusionAchieving a pCR increases BCS and SLN. In selected subgroups, sparing any axillary surgery after NAT maybe feasible. In cN+ patients, any pCR was associated with survival, but not the anatomic site of response.
Observation and experimental investigation on cavitation effect of friction pair surface texture
Authors: Wang Jianhao , Yan Zhijun , Fang Xun , Shen Ziyu , Pan Xinxiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study experimentally investigates the influence of cavitation effect caused by surface texture on the lubrication performance of friction pairs. In order to verify and research the cavitation phenomenon induced by surface texture, cavitation images are collected by visual experimental apparatus. The results show that the surface texture will induce the cavitation of the lubricating oil under certain speed and load conditions, gas bubbles will be generated at the outlet of the dimples, and the cavitation will affect the lubrication performance of the friction pair. When the texture depth is close to the oil film thickness, it has the best effect in terms of inducing cavitation and promoting lubrication. And it is found in the experiments when area density of texture is 8% and the square dimples are arranged at inlet area of the sample, the best effect of the surface texture can be obtained.
Transfer of methods for determining parameters of self‐loosening for tests on the vibration test bench according to Junker to tests on a newly developed test setup for single‐bolted joints with short clamping length using an axial test bench
Authors: Eberhard A. , Beyer S. , Klein M. , Oechsner M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDer Mechanismus des selbsttätigen Losdrehens kann über Kenngrößen, die am Vibrationsprüfstand nach Junker entwickelt wurden, beschrieben und eingeteilt werden. Hierbei sind die Kenngrößen der kritischen Grenzverschiebung, der kritischen Querkraft und der kritischen Drehwinkelsteigung Δφ/ΔN von entscheidender Wichtigkeit. Bei konstanten Randbedingungen wird es zu einem selbsttätigen Losdrehen der Verbindung kommen, wenn der Grenzwert dieser Kenngrößen überschritten wird. Im Folgenden wird betrachtet, in wieweit die Methoden zur Ermittlung dieser kritischen Kenngrößen auf einen neuentwickelten Prüfaufbau im Axialpulser für Einschraubenverbindungen der Abmessungen M12 und M8 mit kurzen Klemmlängen übertragbar sind.
Coronavirus in human diseases: Mechanisms and advances in clinical treatment
Authors: Lin Panpan , Wang Manni , Wei Yuquan , Kim Taewan , Wei Xiawei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoronaviruses (CoVs), a subfamily of coronavirinae, are a panel of single‐stranded RNA virus. Human coronavirus (HCoV) strains (HCoV‐229E, HCoV‐OC43, HCoV‐HKU1, HCoV‐NL63) usually cause mild upper respiratory diseases and are believed to be harmless. However, other HCoVs, associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and COVID‐19, have been identified as important pathogens due to their potent infectivity and lethality worldwide. Moreover, currently, no effective antiviral drugs treatments are available so far. In this review, we summarize the biological characters of HCoVs, their association with human diseases, and current therapeutic options for the three severe HCoVs. We also highlight the discussion about novel treatment strategies for HCoVs infections.
Association Between Gestational Weight Gain and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Su Le , Chen Cheng , Lu Liping , Xiang Anny H. , Dodds Linda , He Ka 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to quantitatively examine the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for studies of excessive or inadequate GWG, as compared with recommended GWG, in relation to the risk of ASD in offspring. Measures of the association from primary studies were pooled using a meta‐analytic approach and expressed as weighted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs.ResultsNine studies were identified, including 323,253 participants with 4,135 cases of ASD from five cohort studies and 1,462 cases and 3,265 controls from four case‐control studies. Evidence from cohort studies indicates that both excessive and inadequate GWG was significantly associated with a higher risk for ASD in offspring. The pooled OR of ASD was 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02‐1.18) for excessive GWG and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.04‐1.24) for inadequate GWG using recommended GWG as the reference. Evidence from case‐control studies suggests that excessive GWG (1.38 [95% CI: 1.19‐1.62]) but not inadequate GWG (0.87 [95% CI: 0.72‐1.04]) was significantly associated with a higher risk for ASD.ConclusionsThe accumulated evidence has supported that gaining weight outside the recommended GWG is associated with a higher risk for ASD in offspring.