bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astaxanthin accumulation difference between non-motile cells and akinetes of Haematococcus pluvialis was affected by pyruvate metabolism
Authors: Fang Lei , Zhang Jingkui , Fei Zhongnan , Wan Minxi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Haematococcus pluvialis is the best source of natural astaxanthin, known as the king of antioxidants. H. pluvialis have four cell forms: spore, motile cell, non-motile cell and akinete. Spores and motile cells are susceptible to photoinhibition and would die under photoinduction conditions. Photoinduction using non-motile cells as seeds could result in a higher astaxanthin production than that using akinetes. However, the mechanism of this phenomenon has not been clarified.

Results
Transcriptome was sequenced and annotated to illustrate the mechanism of this phenomenon. All differentially expressed genes involved in astaxanthin biosynthesis were up-regulated. Particularly, chyb gene was up-regulated by 16-fold, improving the conversion of β-carotene into astaxanthin. Pyruvate was the precursor of carotenoids biosynthesis. Pyruvate kinase gene expression level was increased by 2.0-fold at the early stage of akinetes formation. More changes of gene transcription occurred at the early stage of akinetes formation, 52.7% and 51.9% of total DEGs in control group and treatment group, respectively.

Conclusions
Genes transcription network was constructed and the synthesis mechanism of astaxanthin was clarified. The results are expected to further guide the in-depth optimization of the astaxanthin production process in H. pluvialis by improving pyruvate metabolism.
High frequencies of PMN-MDSCs are associated with low suppressive capacity in advanced stages of HIV-1 infection
Authors: Grützner Eva M. , Neizert Ashley , Stirner Renate , Conca Raffaele , Andrä Immanuel , Wolff Lisa , Schiemann Matthias , Holdt Lesca M. , Klein Christoph , Bogner Johannes R. , Draenert Rika 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPolymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) are an immature cell type that inhibits the effector functions of T lymphocytes in chronic HIV infection. A well-known immunological feature of the disease course is the development of immune exhaustion, which is correlated with excessive immune activation in late-stage disease. Here, we hypothesized that immune exhaustion would also affect PMN-MDSCs in late-stage HIV-1 infection.MethodsWe evaluated untreated chronically HIV-infected patients (progressors,n = 10) and control groups (controllers, patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma and healthy controls,n = 16) with regard to levels of PMN-MDSCs and their inhibitory potential. Additionally, we studied CD8 T cell effector functions (interferon-gamma, TNF alpha, IL-2 and CD107) and parameters of CD8 T cell activation (CD38 and HLA-DR) and exhaustion (PD-1 and LAG-3) by flow cytometry. Plasma inflammation markers analyzed here were IL-6, IL-8, soluble CD14, highly sensitive CRP, and cystatin C.ResultsCoincubation experiments with isolated PMN-MDSCs led to a significant inhibition of CD8 T cell proliferation (p < 0.0001), with a significant correlation between PMN-MDSC frequency and suppressive capacity: the higher the frequency of PMN-MDSCs was, the lower the suppressive capacity (rho = 0.51,p = 0.0082). Stratifying all study subjects into subgroups with PMN-MDSC frequencies above or below 2.5% resulted in a significantly increased suppressive capacity in patients with frequencies below 2.5% (p = 0.021). While there was no correlation with the cellular activation markers CD38 and HLA-DR, high IL-8 levels were significantly associated with high PMN-MDSC frequencies (rho = 0.52,p = 0.0074) and low suppressive capacity (rho = 0.47,p = 0.019).ConclusionsIn this study, we demonstrate for the first time that PMN-MDSCs show limited effector functions in advanced disease stages of HIV infection. The hyperactive immune state is associated with this loss of function. However, we show an association with the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8, which is an important factor for the migration and adhesion of polymorphonuclear cells.
Artificial Intelligence Tool for Optimizing Eligibility Screening for Clinical Trials in a Large Community Cancer Center
Authors: Beck J. Thaddeus , Rammage Melissa , Jackson Gretchen P. , Preininger Anita M. , Dankwa-Mullan Irene , Roebuck M. Christopher , Torres Adam , Holtzen Helen , Coverdill Sadie E. , Williamson M. Paul , Chau Quincy , Rhee Kyu , Vinegra Michael 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE Less than 5% of patients with cancer enroll in clinical trials, and 1 in 5 trials are stopped for poor accrual. We evaluated an automated clinical trial matching system that uses natural language processing to extract patient and trial characteristics from unstructured sources and machine learning to match patients to clinical trials. PATIENTS AND METHODS Medical records from 997 patients with breast cancer were assessed for trial eligibility at Highlands Oncology Group between May and August 2016. System and manual attribute extraction and eligibility determinations were compared using the percentage of agreement for 239 patients and 4 trials. Sensitivity and specificity of system-generated eligibility determinations were measured, and the time required for manual review and system-assisted eligibility determinations were compared. RESULTS Agreement between system and manual attribute extraction ranged from 64.3% to 94.0%. Agreement between system and manual eligibility determinations was 81%-96%. System eligibility determinations demonstrated specificities between 76% and 99%, with sensitivities between 91% and 95% for 3 trials and 46.7% for the 4th. Manual eligibility screening of 90 patients for 3 trials took 110 minutes; system-assisted eligibility determinations of the same patients for the same trials required 24 minutes. CONCLUSION In this study, the clinical trial matching system displayed a promising performance in screening patients with breast cancer for trial eligibility. System-assisted trial eligibility determinations were substantially faster than manual review, and the system reliably excluded ineligible patients for all trials and identified eligible patients for most trials.
Daily Oral Administration of the Novel Androgen 11β-MNTDC Markedly Suppresses Serum Gonadotropins in Healthy Men
Authors: Yuen Fiona , Thirumalai Arthi , Pham Cindy , Swerdloff Ronald S , Anawalt Bradley D , Liu Peter Y , Amory John K , Bremner William J , Dart Clint , Wu Hongsheng , Hull Laura , Blithe Diana L , Long Jill , Wang Christina , Page Stephanie T 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground11β-methyl-19-nortestosterone (11β-MNT) is a modified testosterone (T) with androgenic and progestational activity. A single oral dose of the prodrug, 11β-MNT dodecylcarbonate (11β-MNTDC), was well tolerated in healthy men.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, double-blind study at 2 academic medical centers. 42 healthy men (18–50 years) were randomized to receive oral placebo or 11β-MNTDC, 200 or 400 mg daily, for 28 consecutive days. Primary outcome (safety and tolerability) measures were assessed twice per week. Subjects underwent serial blood sampling over 24 hours on days 1 and 28 to assess secondary outcomes: pharmacokinetics (serum drug concentrations); pharmacodynamics of 11β-MNTDC (serum sex steroids and gonadotropins); and mood and sexual function (via validated questionnaires).ResultsThere were no serious adverse events. No participants discontinued because of an adverse event or laboratory test abnormality. 11β-MNTDC resulted in a dose-related increase in serum 11β-MNTDC and 11β-MNT concentrations sustained over 24 hours. Administration of 11β-MNTDC resulted in a marked suppression of serum gonadotropins, T, calculated free T, estradiol, and SHBG over the treatment period (P &lt; 0.01). Adverse effects that may be related to 11β-MNTDC included weight gain, acne, headaches, fatigue, and mild mood changes, with 5 men reporting decreased libido and 3 decreased erectile/ejaculatory function. Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, weight (~2 kg), hematocrit, and hemoglobin increased and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased in both 11β-MNTDC groups.ConclusionDaily oral 11β-MNTDC for 28 days in healthy men markedly suppressed serum gonadotropin and T concentrations without serious adverse effects. These results warrant further evaluation of 11β-MNTDC as a potential male oral contraceptive.
Effect of Chronic Pancreatitis on Complications and Mortality in DM Patients: A 10-year Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Cheng-Heng , Yeh Nai-Cheng , Wang Jhi-Joung , Ho Chung-Han , Her Shwu-Huey , Tsay Wen-Ing , Chien Chih-Chiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractContextChronic pancreatitis (CP), is a long-term inflammation of the pancreatic parenchyma, and might increase risk of a hyperglycemia crisis or hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM); however, the relationship has not been previously investigated.ObjectiveTo investigate the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS), hypoglycemia, and long-term outcomes in DM patients with CP.DesignA population-based cohort study.Setting and ParticipantsTapping Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 506 DM patients with newly diagnosed CP from 1999 to 2010 and created a control cohort consisting of 5060 age- and sex-matched DM patients without CP from the same time period. We followed those 2 cohorts from the index date to occurrence of outcomes, the date of death or 31 December 2012.Main Outcome MeasuresDKA, HHS, hypoglycemia and mortality.ResultsDM patients with CP, who were predominantly male (88%) and younger (60% &lt; 45 years old), had a 9.5-, 5.0-, and 3.0-fold higher risk for DKA (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.51–13.91), HHS (95% CI: 2.85–8.62), and hypoglycemia (95% CI: 2.23–4.08), respectively. They also had lower 1-, 5-, and 10-year cumulative survival rates (98.4% vs 99.0%, 87.7% vs 96.6%, and 78.7% vs 93.6%, respectively) (log-rank test: P &lt; .001), and a 2.43-fold higher risk for death (HR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.82–3.27).ConclusionsIn Taiwan, DM patients with CP have a higher incidence of DKA, HHS, hypoglycemia, and mortality. More attention is needed for preventing hyperglycemia crisis and hypoglycemia prevention in this population.
C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Restores Growth Impairment Under Enzyme Replacement in Mice With Mucopolysaccharidosis VII
Authors: Yamashita Takafumi , Fujii Toshihito , Yamauchi Ichiro , Ueda Yohei , Hirota Keisho , Kanai Yugo , Yasoda Akihiro , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Growth impairment in mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) is an unresolved issue as it is resistant to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and growth hormone therapy. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a promising agent that has growth-promoting effects. Here we investigate the effects of CNP on growth impairment of MPSs using Gusbmps-2J mice, a model for MPS type VII, with combination therapy of CNP and ERT by hydrodynamic gene delivery. Although monotherapies were not sufficient to restore short statures of treated mice, combination therapy resulted in successful restoration. The synergistic effects of CNP and ERT were not only observed in skeletal growth but also in growth plates. ERT reduced cell swelling in the resting zone and increased cell number by accelerating proliferation or inhibiting apoptosis. CNP thickened the proliferative and hypertrophic zones. Regarding changes in the bone, ERT restored bone sclerosis through decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption, and CNP did not adversely affect this process. In addition, improvement of joint deformation by ERT was suggested by analyses of joint spaces and articular cartilage. CNP additively provided restoration of the short stature of MPS VII mice in combination with ERT, which improved abnormalities of growth plates and bone metabolism.
Proximal Adaptations in Chronic Ankle Instability: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: DEJONG ALEXANDRA F. , KOLDENHOVEN RACHEL M. , HERTEL JAY 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is known to induce impairments throughout the lower quarter kinetic chain, however there is currently no synthesized information on proximal adaptations of the trunk, hip, thigh, and knee for neuromuscular and biomechanical outcomes during strength, balance, jumping, and gait among CAI patients. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize trunk, hip, thigh and knee neuromuscular and biomechanical outcome measures during functional assessments when comparing CAI to healthy groups.

Methods
Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online with PubMed databases were searched on June 3, 2019. Studies comparing outcomes at the trunk, hip, thigh, or knee regardless of assessment type in CAI versus healthy groups were considered for inclusion. Assessment categories were used to differentiate adaptations by assessment type after inclusion. Two independent reviewers assessed methodological quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scoring criteria. Data pertaining to study methodology and primary proximal adaptation outcomes were extracted. Separate random effects meta-analyses were performed for consistently reported outcome measures.

Results
Pooled estimates reflected that CAI patients had decreased triplanar isometric hip strength outcomes (P < 0.001, effect size range: 0.52–0.93). Knee kinematics did not differ from healthy groups during dynamic balance testing (P = 0.26). Few studies found CAI patients have altered knee kinematics during jumping tasks. The remaining findings were isolated to individual studies and thus inconclusive.

Conclusions
The CAI groups demonstrated triplanar hip strength deficits and altered knee flexion angles during jumping assessments. Clinicians should consider proximal evaluations and interventions for CAI patients.
Anatomical analysis of the pelvis to identify any predisposing anatomical factors for ischiofemoral space pathology: a retrospective study
Authors: López-Royo Maria Pilar , Valero-Tena Esther , Roca Mercedes 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
Anatomical analysis of the hips and pelvis was performed using MRI to evaluate morphological characteristics and associations between them. We identified correlations between the ischiofemoral space (IFS), quadratus femoris space (QFS), femoral version angle (FVA) and cervicodiaphyseal angle (CDA).

Methods:
This study involved a retrospective search of a database of consecutive reports of adult hip MRI examinations carried out between January and September 2016. Patients with a medical history likely to affect pelvic and hip morphometry were excluded.

Results:
A total of 137 adult patients were enrolled in the study (45.3% males and 54.7% females), with a mean age of 50.16 ± 13.87 years. The mean IFS was 20.88 ± 5.96 mm, mean QFS was 15.2 ± 6.18 mm, mean FVA was 12.43 ± 6.98, and mean CDA was 121.27 ± 4.6°. The IFS measurements were significantly correlated with femoral measurements (p = 0.025). These visible differences showed a slight negative relationship (−0.191), and females had a smaller distance between these anatomical structures than males (p &lt; 0.001). Females had a significantly smaller QFS than males (12.42 ± 5.94 vs 18.73 ± 4.48 mm, p = 0.000). There was a small but significant positive relationship between CDA and FVA (p = 0.022), with a correlation coefficient of 0.195.

Conclusion:
A higher FVA was correlated with a smaller IFS. Furthermore, an increase in the CDA appeared in tandem with an increase in the FVA.

Advances in knowledge:
A single conventional MRI sequence can alert us to how anatomical factors could predispose individuals to a decrease in IFS.
Social and cultural factors perpetuating early marriage in rural Gambia: an exploratory mixed methods study
Authors: Lowe Mat , Joof Mamsamba , Rojas Bomar Mendez 
Published: January 2020

Background: Over the last two decades, early marriage in the Gambia declined significantly (from 58% to 30%), however this rate is still high. The reasons for the decline but continuing practice of early marriage, despite existing legislation prohibiting child marriage, are not very well understood. Very few studies have been conducted to find out what and how local factors influence decisions about early marriage in the Gambia. More information is therefore needed on underlying reasons for the persistence of early marriage in the Gambia so that program managers can use this information to design strategies to decrease early marriages. Methods: The study was conducted in 24 rural settlements in Lower Baddibu District in the North Bank Region of the Gambia. It was based on a mixed-methods design including a cross-sectional household survey with a sample of 181 female adolescents, focus group discussions with 16 male and female parents, and eight key informant interviews with community-based decision makers. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic content analysis, while survey data were analyzed using Stata. Results: The study finds that ethnicity and the fear that girls may engage in premarital sex are two important factors associated with early marriage in rural Gambia. In addition, lack of meaningful alternatives to marriage including work opportunities in rural areas may also limit the options and resources available to girls, resulting in early wedlock. Conclusions: These findings suggest that in order to decrease early marriages in rural Gambia, future efforts should focus on understanding and addressing the role of ethnicity in determining marriage patterns and allaying the fear around premarital sex.The findings also suggest a need to provide girls with employment-oriented education including vocational skills which may result into more empowerment and a delay in marriage.
Cellular agriculture in the UK: a review
Authors: Stephens Neil , Ellis Marianne 
Published: January 2020

This review details the core activity in cellular agriculture conducted in the UK at the end of 2019, based upon a literature review by, and community contacts of the authors. Cellular agriculture is an emergent field in which agricultural products—most typically animal-derived agricultural products—are produced through processes operating at the cellular level, as opposed to (typically farm-based) processes operating at the whole organism level. Figurehead example technologies include meat, leather and milk products manufactured from a cellular level. Cellular agriculture can be divided into two forms: ‘tissue-based cellular agriculture’ and ‘fermentation-based cellular agriculture’. Products under development in this category are typically valued for their environmental, ethical, and sometimes health and safety advantages over the animal-derived versions. There are university laboratories actively pursuing research on meat products through cellular agriculture at the universities of Bath, Newcastle, Aberystwyth, and Aston University in Birmingham. A cellular agriculture approach to producing leather is being pursued at the University of Manchester, and work seeking to produce a palm oil substitute is being conducted at the University of Bath. The UK cellular agriculture companies working in the meat space are Higher Steaks, Cellular Agriculture Ltd, CellulaRevolution, Multus Media and Biomimetic Solutions. UK private investors include CPT Capital, Agronomics Ltd, Atomico, Backed VCs, and Breakoff Capital. The UK also has a strong portfolio of social science research into diverse aspects of cellular agriculture, with at least ten separate projects being pursued over the previous decade. Three analyses of the environmental impact of potential cellular agriculture systems have been conducted in the UK. The first dedicated third-sector group in this sector in the UK is Cultivate (who produced this report) followed by Cellular Agriculture UK. International groups New Harvest and the Good Food Institute also have a UK presence.
Assessment of cancer-related fatigue among Jordanian patients: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Abu-Taha Osama Mohammad , Al Qadire Mohammad Ibrahim , Maharmeh Mahmoud , Alyami Mansour Saleh 
Published: January 2020

Background: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is considered to be one of the most common symptoms reported by cancer patients. However, little information is available regarding the variables associated with CRF among Jordanian patients. Aims: To assess the prevalence of CRF and explore its predictors among Jordanian patients. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used. Findings: Of the 240 patients surveyed, 210 (87.5%) had fatigue at the time of the survey. The total mean fatigue score was 6.2 (SD=1.7) out of a maximum possible score of 10. The results also showed that being unemployed, with longer hospitalisation, low haemoglobin, and having lung cancer seem to predict higher levels of CRF. Conclusion: Several variables and factors associated with CRF were identified. In response to these results, healthcare providers should pay more attention to CRF, which needs to be assessed on a regular basis and to be managed with the available pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.