bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Progress at the Frontiers of Small-xPhysics
Authors: Sievert Matthew 
Published: June 2020

In recent years, the theoretical foundations of small-x physics have made significant advances in two frontiers: higher-order (NLO) corrections and power-suppressed (sub-eikonal) corrections. Among the former are the NLO calculations of the linear (BFKL) and nonlinear (BK-JIMWLK) evolution equations, as well as cross sections for various processes. Among the latter are corrections to the whole framework of high-energy QCD, including new contributions from quarks and spin asymmetries. One common element to both of these frontiers is the appearance of collinear logarithms beyond the leading-order framework. The proper treatment of these logarithms is a major challenge in obtaining physical cross sections at NLO, and they lead to a new double-logarithmic resummation parameter which governs spin at small x. In this paper, I will focus on the role of these collinear logarithms in both frontiers of small-x physics, as well as give a brief sample of other recent advances in its theoretical foundations.The authors acknowledge support from the US-DOE Nuclear Science Grant No. DE-SC0019175, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and the Zuckerman STEM Leadership Program.
Correlations in the Initial Conditions of Heavy-Ion Collisions
Authors: Wertepny Douglas , Noronha-Hostler Jacquelyn , Sievert Matthew , Rao Skandaprasad , Paladino Noah 
Published: June 2020

Ultracentral collisions of heavy nuclei, in which the impact parameter is nearly zero, are especially sensitive to the details of the initial state model and the microscopic mechanism for collective flow. In a hydrodynamic “flow” picture, the final state momentum correlations are a direct response to the fluctuating initial geometry, although models of the initial geometry differ widely. Alternatively, dynamical mechanisms based in the color glass condensate (CGC) formalism can naturally lead to many-body correlations with very different systematics. Here we present a calculation of event-by-event elliptic flow in both the hydrodynamic and CGC paradigms and show that they can be qualitatively distinguished in ultracentral collisions of deformed nuclei. Specifically, the multiplicity dependence in such collisions is qualitatively opposite, with the CGC correlations increasing with multiplicity while the hydrodynamic correlations decrease. The consistency of the latter with experimental data on UU collisions appears to rule out a CGC-mediated explanation. We find that these qualitative features also persist in small deformed systems and can therefore be a valuable test of the microscopic physics in that regime.
The authors acknowledge support from the US-DOE Nuclear Science Grant No. DE-SC0019175, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and the Zuckerman STEM Leadership Program.
Fluid type and volume reduce risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis and length of hospital stay in high-risk patients: a secondary analysis of the INDIEH trial
Authors: Talukdar Rupjyoti , Kamal Ayesha , Singh Vikesh K. , Reddy D. Nageshwar , Akshintala Venkata S. , Goud Rajesh , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Ramchandani Mohan K. , Tandan Manu , Rao G. V. , Nabi Zaheer , Gupta Rajesh , Kalapala Rakesh , Basha Jahangeer , Reddy Manohar , Rai Vijay K. , Goenka Mahesh K , Sinha Saroj , Kochhar Rakesh , Elmunzer B. Joseph , Khashab Mouen A. , Kalloo Anthony N. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Impact of intravenous fluid administration on prophylaxis against post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) has not been rigorously evaluated among patients at high-risk for PEP.
Patients and methods Effect of volume and type of fluid administered on PEP incidence was studied through a secondary analysis of high-risk patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangopancreatography (ERCP) as a part of a randomized controlled trial in which all patients received rectal indomethacin. Periprocedural fluid was defined as fluid infused during and after ERCP.
Results A total 960 patients were randomized during the trial, of whom 476 (49.6 %) received periprocedural fluids (mean volume = 1245 mL [± 629]). There was a trend towards a lower incidence of PEP in patients who received periprocedural fluid vs. those who did not (5.2 % vs. 8.0 %, P = 0.079). Among those receiving fluids, those who did not develop PEP received a higher mean volume of fluid vs. who developed PEP (1012 ± 725 mL vs. 752 ± 783 mL, P = 0.036). Among 174 patients (37 %) who received LR, patients who did not develop PEP received a higher mean volume of LR vs. those who developed PEP (570 ± 559 mL vs. 329 ± 356 mL, P = 0.006). Length of hospital stay decreased as the volume of periprocedural volume administration increased (r = 0.16, P < 0.001).
Conclusion Higher fluid volume and lactated Ringerʼs use during the periprocedural period was associated with a decreased risk of PEP and length of hospital stay beyond rectal indomethacin in high risk patients.
Comparison of dissection speed during colorectal ESD between the novel Multiloop (M-loop) traction method and ESD methods without traction
Authors: Suzuki Yuichiro , Tanuma Tokuma , Nojima Masanori , Sudo Gota , Murakami Yuki , Ishii Tatsuya , Akahonai Masakazu , Kobayashi Yosuke , Hamamoto Hidetaka , Aoki Hironori , Harada Taku , Katanuma Akio , Nakase Hiroshi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims We previously reported on a novel traction method called Multiloop (M-loop) for faster colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). In this study, we retrospectively compared the difference in submucosal dissection time (SDT), and submucosal dissection speed (SDS) between groups of patients who were treated using traction with the M-loop method, and with non-traction methods of colorectal ESD.
Patients and methods We reviewed and timed duration of colorectal ESD by the non-traction method from videos recorded between June 2016 and December 2017. From January 2018 onward, we used the M-loop method during all colorectal ESDs and timed it until August 2018. Outcomes of colorectal ESD with the M-loop method and non-traction methods were compared. The study involved two experts and eight non-experts and was carried out at a tertiary endoscopic center in Japan.
Results The study included 50 patients who treated with the M-loop method and 115 patients treated with the non-traction method. Submucosal dissection time (SDT) was not significantly different (M-loop group, 42.1  ±  4.2 min, non-traction ESD group, 51.9 ± 3.3 min) (P = 0.098), but submucosal dissection speed (SDS) was significantly greater (M-loop group, 28.0 ± 2.9 mm2 /min, non-traction ESD group, 19.9 ± 2.0 mm2/min) (P = 0.0014) in the M-loop method group. Multivariate analysis showed that the M-loop method increased SDS by odds ratio of 1.46 (P = 0.001) when compared to the non-traction ESD method. A significant difference was also observed for SDT and SDS when the two methods were compared after propensity score matching (P = 0.001). No differences in unfavorable outcomes were observed.
Conclusions The M-loop method improved SDS compared to non-traction methods of ESD. The method is an effective tool to assist colorectal ESD.
Computertomografie in der Rheumatologie – Update 2020
Authors: Kleyer Arnd , Bayat Sara , Simon David 
Published: June 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Computertomografie (CT) ist ein dreidimensionales Bildgebungsverfahren, das sich besonders für die Darstellung des Knochens eignet. Auf Grund der häufigen knöchernen Beteiligung bei rheumatischen und muskuloskelettalen Erkrankungen ist der Einsatz für die klinische Versorgung und Forschung sinnvoll. Diese Übersichtsarbeit beschreibt den klinischen Stellenwert der hochauflösenden peripheren quantitativen Computertomografie (HR-pQCT), der Low-dose-CT sowie der Dual-Energie-CT (DECT) hinsichtlich der Diagnostik und Prognose verschiedener rheumatologischer Erkrankungen (rheumatoide Arthritis, Spondylarthropathien und Arthritis urica). Darüber hinaus wird sich auf die Bedeutung dieser bildgebenden Instrumente für die klinische Forschung fokussiert.
Development of Nasal Mucoadhesive Microspheres of Granisetron: A
Potential Drug
Authors: Pandey Jaideo , Shankar Ravi , Kumar Manish , Shukla Kuldeep , Kumari Beena 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Granisetron is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor
antagonist used as an antiemetic to treat nausea and vomiting following
chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Its main effect is to reduce the activity of the
vagus nerve, which is a nerve that activates the vomiting center in the medulla
oblongata.
Objectives In this research mucoadhesive microspheres were developed in
order to carry out the absorption of drug through nasal mucosa with the aim to
improve therapeutic efficacy, avoid hepatic first pass metabolism and increase
residence time.
Material and Methods Mucoadhesive microspheres of Granisetron using
chitosan as polymer were prepared by emulsification cross-linking method to
increase the residence time on the mucosa. The surface of prepared microspheres
was characterized by SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) and evaluated for
particle size, encapsulation efficiency, production yield, swelling ability,
in-vitro mucoadhesion, in-vitro drug release and stability
study.
Result Among all the formulations F6 with drug/polymer ratio of
1:3 displayed the best result. On drug release kinetic model study, all the
formulations follow Zero order. Stability studies revealed that the microspheres
kept at 25±2°C and 60±5% RH showed the maximum
stability.
Conclusion After all the evaluation parameters and result obtained it can
be said that these results confirmed the suitability of Granisetron mucoadhesive
chitosan microspheres for nasal delivery system.
Microsurgical Treatment of 86 Anterior Choroidal Artery Aneurysms: Analysis of Factors Influencing the Prognosis
Authors: Lu Chunli , Feng Yugong , Li Huanting , Li Shifang , Gu Lingwen , Liu Wei , Zhang Pining , Zhang Hongliang , Lu Donglin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose To explore factors affecting the prognosis of choroidal anterior artery aneurysm (AChAA) and provide a reference for improving the postoperative outcome.
Methods The clinical data of 86 patients with AChAA who underwent treatment by a single surgeon were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to examine 12 factors that possibly affected outcome.
Results The five factors that affected the patient outcomes were times of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), characteristics of SAH on computed tomography (CT), Hunt-Hess grade, aneurysm size, and presence or absence of postoperative complications. Characteristics of SAH on CT (odds ratio [OR]: 3.727; p = 0.000; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.850–7.508), aneurysm size (OR: 6.335; p = 0.000; 95% CI, 2.564–15.647), and presence or absence of postoperative complications (OR: 4.141; p = 0.000; 95% CI, 1.995–8.599) were independent risk factors influencing the prognosis. In addition, the incidence of postoperative ischemia (caused by anterior choroidal artery syndrome) is related to the aneurysm emitting part and presence or absence of intraoperative rupture.
Conclusions The analysis of characteristics of SAH on CT, aneurysm size, and presence or absence of postoperative complications can roughly determine the outcome of patients with AChAAs.
A Case of Myoclonic Epilepsy Presenting with Status Epilepticus in an Elderly Male Patient
Authors: Onder Halil 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Myoclonic epilepsy in the form of status epilepticus is an extremely rare reported presentation. Herein, we describe an 87-year old male patient presenting with abrupt-onset rhythmic myoclonic jerks that were evaluated as synchronous positive and negative myoclonus. Further etiological investigations revealed that the myoclonus was associated with ictogenesis, and appropriate antiepileptic treatment provided total cessation of the movements. To my knowledge, this is a unique case of myoclonic status epilepticus in an elderly patient, which may have been associated with a cerebrovascular disease. In the presentation of this case, we will review the related literature and discuss some considerations to explain the pathophysiology of epileptic myoclonic movements and the possible role of pontine lesions.
The Assassination of Anton Cermak, Mayor of Chicago: A Review of His Postinjury Medical Care
Authors: Pappas Theodore N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnton Cermak was the mayor of Chicago in the 1930s. He was injured by an assassin's bullet intended for the president-elect, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Cermak was taken to a local hospital, treated nonoperatively for his injuries, and initially improved. Cermak's condition deteriorated on the sixth day postinjury, with symptoms that his doctors described as colitis. He died of sepsis on the 19th day after the shooting, and his autopsy revealed a perforated colon causing peritonitis. This study will review Cermak's clinical course and autopsy findings to determine if he died of his gunshot wound or if he died of complications of toxic colitis.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns and Prevalence of Streptococcus Agalactiae Rectovaginal Colonization Among Pregnant Women in Iran
Authors: Dashtizade Mina , Zolfaghari Mohammad Reza , Yousefi Masoud , Nazari-Alam Ali 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective Streptococcus agalactiae is an important pathogen in neonates and pregnant women. Neonatal invasive infections due to S. agalactiae are life-threatening and preventive strategies for this challenge of human have become a concern. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of rectovaginal colonization, related risk factors and antibiotic resistance pattern of S. agalactiae among pregnant women in Iran.
Methods The present study was performed on 240 pregnant women. Vaginal and rectal swabs were obtained from all of the women and then were transferred to the laboratory. The isolation and identification of S. agalactiae was performed by standard microbiological tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect ermB and mefA genes in erythromycin-nonsusceptible isolates.
Results Out of 240 pregnant women, 16 cases (6.7%) were colonized by S. agalactiae. There is no significant association between demographic-obstetric factors and maternal S. agalactiae colonization in the pregnant women. Linezolid, vancomycin and ampicillin were the most effective antibiotics against S. agalactiae. The ermB gene was present in 6 (35.29%) S. agalactiae isolates. However, the mefA gene was not detected in any of the isolates.
Conclusion Given the relatively significant prevalence of S. agalactiae colonization in the pregnant women in the present study and the risk of serious neonatal infections, the screening of pregnant mothers for the bacteria seems necessary. Our findings highlight the importance of appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis during pregnancy for the prevention of early onset S. agalactiae-neonatal infection and comorbidity.
Intrapancreatic Accessory Spleen Masquerading as a Pancreatic Mucinous Neoplasm
Authors: Poola Shiva , Laks Shachar , Kragel Peter , Regan Kara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIncidentally discovered pancreatic cysts have become more common with increasing use of abdominal cross-sectional imaging. Tools that help us to better risk stratify a pancreatic cyst include advanced imaging techniques, such as pancreatic protocol computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with cholangiopancreatography. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) are invasive measures to better define and sample cysts especially if high-risk features are present. EUS may also yield pancreatic cyst fluid for analysis of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) which is elevated in mucinous cysts. This case highlights a rare finding of a mucinous, epidermoid cyst in an intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS) with high-risk features on EUS.
Screening for Preeclampsia in the First Trimester and Aspirin Prophylaxis: Our First Year
Authors: Lourenço Inês , Gomes Helena , Ribeiro Joana , Caeiro Filipa , Rocha Pedro , Francisco Carla 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective Preeclampsia is a major cause of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Our objective is to assess the performance of a combined screening test for preeclampsia in the first trimester and the prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin.
Methods Prospective study of all women attending our hospital for the first-trimester screening of aneuploidies, between March 2017 and February 2018 (n = 1,297). The exclusion criteria were multiple pregnancy and major fetal abnormalities. Preeclampsia screening was performed with an algorithm that includes maternal characteristics, and biophysical and biochemical biomarkers. High-risk was defined as a risk ≥ 1:50 of early-onset preeclampsia (before 34 weeks), in which cases low-dose aspirin (150 mg at night) was offered to these women from screening until 36 weeks.
Results From the 1,272 enrolled participants, the majority were Caucasian (1,051; 82.6%) and multiparous (658, 51.7%). Fifty patients (3.9%) screened high-risk for preeclampsia, and all started a low-dose aspirin regimen, with good compliance (96%). Early-onset preeclampsia was found in 3 pregnant women (0.24%), and total preeclampsia was diagnosed in 25 (2.02%), compared with 28 (0.75%) cases of early preeclampsia (p = 0.0099) and 98 (2.62%) of total preeclampsia (p = 0.2904) before the implementation of screening.
Conclusion There was a lower incidence of both, early-onset and total preeclampsia, after the introduction of universal screening and prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin. This reduction was statistically significant in early-onset preeclampsia. The association of a first-trimester combined screening model and aspirin prophylaxis appears to be useful in predicting and reducing the incidence of early-onset preeclampsia, in a routine care setting.
Twin Pregnancies, Crown-rump Length and Birthweight Discordancy: The Influence of Chorionicity
Authors: Nunes Joana Sousa , Sousa Mário , Montenegro Nuno , Matias Alexandra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective The purpose of the present study was to analyze the influence of chorionicity in the biometric parameters crown-rump length (CRL), birthweight (BW), crown-rump length discordancy (CRLD) and birthweight discordancy (BWD), determine the correlation between these latter two in cases of intertwin discordancy, and to analyze the influence of chronicity in the presence of these discordancies with clinical relevance (> 10% and > 15%, respectively).Methods The present study was a retrospective study based on the twin pregnancy database of the Centro Hospitalar S. João (2010–2015), including 486 fetuses among 66 monochorionic (MC) and 177 dichorionic gestations (DC). The inclusion criteria were multiple pregnancies with 2 fetuses and healthy twin gestations. The exclusion criteria were trichorionic gestations and pregnancies with inconclusive chorionicity, multiple pregnancy with ≥ 3 fetuses and pathological twin gestations.Results No statistically significant difference was found in BW (p = 0.09) and in its discordancy (p = 0.06) nor in CRL (p = 0.48) and its discordancy (p = 0.74) between MCs and DCs. Crown-rump length discordancy and birthweight discordancy were correlated by the regression line “BWD = 0.8864 x CRLD + 0.0743,” with r2  = 0.1599. Crown-rump length discordancy > 10% was found in 7.58% of monochorionic and in 13.56% of dichorionic twins. Birthweight discordancy > 15% was detected in 16.67% of monochorionic and in 31.64% of dichorionic twins.Conclusion No statistically significant influence of chorionicity was identified in both birthweight and birthweight discordancy, as in crown-rump length and crown-rump length discordancy. Birthweight discordancy was correlated to crown-rump length discordancy in 20% of cases.
Does Mode of Surgical Intervention Based on Oncotype DX Score Influence Disease Recurrence in Early Breast Cancer?
Authors: Aherne T. M. , Boland M. R. , Catargiu D. , Bashar K. , McVeigh T. P. , Brodie C. , Sweeney K. J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction Routine utilization of multigene assays to inform operative decision-making in early breast cancer (EBC) treatment is yet to be established. In this pilot study, we sought to establish the potential benefits of surgical intervention in EBC based on recurrence risk quantification using the Oncotype DX (ODX) assay.
Materials and Methods Consecutive ODX tests performed over a 9-year period from October 2007 to May 2016 were evaluated. Oncotype scores were classified into high (≥31), medium (18–30), or low-risk (0–17) groups. The primary outcome was breast cancer recurrence. Subgroup analysis offered assessment of the recurrence effect of mode of surgical intervention for patient groups as defined by the oncotype score.
Results In total 361 patients underwent ODX testing. The mean age and follow-up were 55.25 (± 10.58) years and 38.59 (± 29.1) months, respectively. The majority of patients underwent wide local excision (86.7%) with 8.9 and 4.4% patients having a mastectomy or wide local excision with completion mastectomy, respectively. Fifty-one percent of patients fell into the low risk ODX category with a further 40.2 and 8.5% deemed to be of intermediate and high risk. Five patients (1.38%) had disease recurrence. Comparative analysis of operative groups in each oncotype group revealed no difference in recurrence scores in the low- (p = 0.84) and high-risk groups (p = 0.92) with a statistically significant difference identified in the intermediate risk group (p = 0.002).
Conclusion To date we have been unable to definitively identify a role for ODX in guiding surgical approach in EBC. There is, however, a need for larger studies to examine this hypothesis.
Maternal and Sociodemographic Factors Influence the Consumption of Ultraprocessed and Minimally-Processed Foods in Pregnant Women
Authors: Pereira Monique Tavares , Cattafesta Monica , Santos Neto Edson Theodoro dos , Salaroli Luciane Bresciani 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective To analyze the consumption of minimally-processed and ultraprocessed foods in relation with sociodemographic variables, maternal habits, educational activity received during prenatal care and clinical history.Methods A cross-sectional, analytical and descriptive study with 1,035 pregnant women who lives in the municipalities of the metropolitan region of Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil (RMGV-ES), and who were hospitalized in establishments of the Unified Health System (SUS) due to childbirth (April–September 2010). The food frequency questionnaire, pregnant woman's card and information from the medical records of the health facility unit were analyzed. The Chi-square test and the binary logistic regression model were used to investigate the association between the independent variables and the consumption of ultraprocessed foods.Results It was identified that pregnant women ≤19 years of age were 2.9 times more likely to consume ultraprocessed foods (confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.683–5.168, p < 0.001), while those ≥35 years old were less likely to consume them (odds ratio [OR] 0.265, 95% CI 0.105–0.666, p = 0.005). Maternal smoking increased the odds of consumption of ultraprocessed foods by 2.2 times (95% CI 1.202–4.199, p = 0.011) and pregnant women who did not obtain information on healthy food during prenatal care presented 54.1% less chances of consuming minimally-processed foods (OR 0.459, 95% CI 0.307–0.687, p < 0.001).Conclusion Smoking during the gestational period and being a teenager are factors that influence the consumption of ultraprocessed foods of pregnant women. Race/color, head of household, age group, receiving of information about feeding in the prenatal period and not having smoked in gestation determined the consumption of minimally-processed foods.