bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADNOC’s New CTO Shares Innovation Philosophy
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: June 2020

Alan Nelson is 1 year into his new job as the chief technology officer of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC). It is a new job for ADNOC too.
He is the first person to ever hold the title of CTO at the almost 50-year-old oil and gas producer, a fact he said reflects “a new mandate” to further invest in science and technology. The fruits of the approach are funneled into the organization via three core areas: innovation (i.e., research and development), the digital transformation, and sustainability.
“One of the key reasons why sustainability reports into the CTO is of course that this will require new technologies,” said Nelson. “Some technologies that we can see today, that we could scale up and implement. Other technologies that are yet to be developed but that we need to develop in order to continue to be a sustainable company.”
And like many of the integrated oil companies, the last downturn sparked a drive within the organization to seek out or develop emerging technologies to bring a new order of automation and lower operating costs.
Under Nelson’s brief tenure, ADNOC has already made several big moves toward this goal including a partnership with Saudi Aramco to open a research center in the UK that will focus on creating nonmetallic technologies to limit the industry’s exposure to costly corrosion issues.
This was accompanied by a raft of other partnerships and joint-venture projects that aim to create new artificial intelligence programs. The biggest of them is a 10-year contract with Honeywell which was selected to deploy its predictive maintenance platform across the company’s upstream and downstream assets.
One of the other major initiatives Nelson oversees today is known as the Panorama Digital Command Center. Panorama leverages advanced computing tools such as artificial intelligence and digital twins to make the company’s oil fields accessible remotely.
Earlier this month, ADNOC reported that the center delivered over $1 billion in value since it was launched 3 years ago. Nelson spoke about how the project prepared his company for the highly disruptive consequences of a global pandemic in an interview with SPE Live.
“Through our Panoramic Digital Command Center we have real-time data at our fingertips - this is data that is updated second by second. So we can track the performance of our assets in real time, and by that we keep our people as safe as we possibly can,” said Nelson.
Below are some of the highlights from the interview.
What Modernization Means at ADNOC
“For us, it means staying relevant, it means staying ahead of the curve. The world is changing, and we all know that we’re going through that now - whether it’s the current pandemic situation that we’re all having to work through and navigate, or whether it’s the current oil and gas price.”
Nelson elaborated on the elements he considers necessary to achieving relevancy. “First and foremost is culture. In order for the company to maintain that bleeding edge on science and technology, you have to have innovation as a part of company culture.
The Great Shale Shut-In Uncharted Territory for Technical Experts
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: June 2020

Facing crippling crude prices and a historic supply overhang, the once-booming US shale sector is for the first time being forced to shut in thousands of wells across its most prolific tight-oil basins.
Accurate production data lag by months in the US, but analysts are reporting onshore shut-in for early May to be somewhere between 100,000 to 400,000 B/D. The largest cuts announced so far come from ConocoPhillips which said in addition to its Canadian oil sands projects that it is shutting in nearly the all of its US onshore position - some 2,400 wells, representing about 165,000 B/D.
A projection from commodity researchers at JP Morgan Chase suggests as others follow suit these curtailments may reach 1.5 million B/D by June.
The business driver behind the so-far uncoordinated effort is crystal clear. Much less so is how the development will play out when prices bounce back up and the wells are turned back on.
That part is a subsurface mystery.
A new report by Wood Mackenzie published in April summarizes several factors shale producers are dealing with as they undertake painful but necessary shut-in campaigns. The chief risk listed for subsurface considerations was reservoir damage caused by a loss of relative permeability.
“Routine short-term shut ins - days to weeks - for maintenance or ‘frac hit’ avoidance seem to cause few reservoir problems,” the report reads. “But wide-spread shut in of tight-oil horizontal wells is rare, so the long-term reservoir response is uncertain.”
As the situation unfolds, many in the petroleum engineering community have taken to social media and online SPE forums to ask practical questions about how best to shut in wells, which ones to shut in, and how to restart them again. Some of the answers hinge on how long the shut-ins are meant to last; 2 months or 6 months could make a big difference.
“I don’t think anyone really knows for sure what will happen,” said Eric Gagen, who has spent more than a decade restoring shut-in wells offshore and in shale plays. The petroleum engineer served as a technical manager at a coiled-tubing company until industrywide staff reductions began this month. He said long-term shut-ins on the order of several months could introduce a range of issues that span surface equipment operations to “unexpected” downhole chemical reactions.
At a minimum, Gagen said operators shutting in for months should expect to see significantly higher water cuts upon restart. In most tight-rock reservoirs, especially those that are oil-wet, water becomes more mobilized than oil over time “and shut-in wells have a tendency to produce even more water as they are put back on production.”
Undulating wellbores - a common feature of horizontal wells - may exacerbate this issue. In the worst of outcomes, a water-loaded well produces such an excess of water that remediation efforts stop making economic sense. At that point, the well is a candidate for a plug-and-abandonment operation.
Integrated Optimization Process Advances Steamflood Performance
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: June 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 196249, “Advancing Steamflood Performance Through a New Integrated Optimization Process: Transforming the Concept Into Practice,” by Henri Silalahi, Muhamad Aji, SPE, and Afrilia Elisa, SPE, Chevron, et al., prepared for the 2019 SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Bali, Indonesia, 29-31 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Duri Field in Indonesia is the largest active steamflood project in the world. The field produces 73,000 BOPD, and 10,000 optimization jobs are executed annually to support base production. The operator identified an opportunity to implement a new process to improve the quality of reservoir analyses, define short- and long-term reservoir depletion strategies, and increase the ability to develop a prioritized queue of executable opportunities to increase production.
Introduction
Duri Field was discovered in 1941 in the central Sumatra Basin in Riau Province. The first production-optimization effort, in 1967, used cyclic steam stimulation. That led to a successful steamflood pilot trial in 1975 and implementation of a full steamflood areal expansion in 1985. Thirteen production areas currently exist in Duri Field as a result of steamflooding.
Geological Background
The geological setting of the field involves an anticline structure 20 km long and 14 km wide that covers more than 21,000 acres. The historical tectonic process results in shallow reservoir depths.
The field is composed of multiple sand deposits of a tidally influenced estuarine depositional system. The reservoirs are characterized by stacked sand lobes with a total thickness of approximately 240 ft, porosity ranges from 25 to 35%, and relatively high permeability of 600 md to 2 darcy. As a giant field, Duri had an original oil in place of approximately 5 billion bbl. The oil is characterized as heavy, with gravity from 17 to 22 °API and high oil viscosity (300 cp) at 100°F.
Risk Stratification for Hydronephrosis in the Evaluation of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Tummalapalli Sri Lekha , Zech John , Cho Hyung J. , Goetz Celine 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Renal ultrasounds (RUS) are commonly ordered in hospitalized patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Clinical decision support tools could be used to inform which patients may benefit from RUS to rule out hydronephrosis, however current risk stratification frameworks are underutilized.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of hospitalized adults with AKI at a large, tertiary, academic medical center who had a RUS ordered. We validated an existing risk stratification framework to predict hydronephrosis based on 7 criteria. Outcomes were presence of unilateral or bilateral hydronephrosis and incidental findings on RUS. Results: Two hundred and eighty-one patients were included in the study cohort; 111 (40%), 76 (27%), and 94 (33%) patients were in the high-, medium-, and low-risk groups for hydronephrosis, respectively, based on the risk stratification framework. Thirty-five patients (12%) were found to have hydronephrosis, of whom 86% were captured in the high-risk group. A nephrology consult was involved in 168 (60%) patients and RUS was recommended by the nephrology service in 95 (57%) cases. Of the 95 patients recommended for a RUS, 9 patients (9%) had hydronephrosis. Among the patients with a nephrology consultation, 9 (56%) of the 16 total patients with hydronephrosis were recommended to obtain a RUS. Conclusions: We further validated a risk stratification framework for hydronephrosis and found that nephrology recommendations predicted hydronephrosis less well than the risk stratification framework. Decision support tools for hydronephrosis may be useful to supplement clinical judgement in the evaluation of AKI.
In vitro study of foot bone kinematics via a custom-made cadaveric gait simulator
Authors: Zhu Genrui , Wang Zhifeng , Yuan Chengjie , Geng Xiang , Yu Jian , Zhang Chao , Huang Jiazhang , Wang Xu , Ma Xin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Quantifying detailed kinematics of the intrinsic foot bone during gait is crucial for understanding biomechanical functions of the foot complex musculoskeletal structure and making appropriate surgery decisions.Research question: The purpose of this experiment is to measure bones kinematic of the normal foot in a gait cycle via a custom-made cadaveric gait simulator.Methods：In this experiment, we used a custom-made 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) of robotic gait simulator simulating normal human gait to measure the 3-dimensional (3D) kinematics of tibia, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, medial cuneiform, first metatarsal, and fifth metatarsal through six cadaveric feet.Results: The results showed that the kinematic of the intrinsic foot bones in the stance phase of the gait was successfully quantified using a custom-made robotic gait simulator. During walking stance, the joints in the medial column of foot had less movement than those in the lateral column. And during the later portion of stance, no rotational cease was observed in the movement between navicular and cuboid, calcaneocuboid joint, or cuneonavicular joint.Conclusion: This study described foot bone motion using a biomechanically near-physiological gait simulator with 6 DOF of the tibia. The kinematic data helps to clarify previous descriptions of several joints kinematics that are difficult to study in vivo. The methodology also provides a platform for researchers to explore more invasive foot biomechanics under dynamic and near-physiologic conditions.
Application of Dose-Volume Histogram Prediction in Biologically Related Models for Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas Treatment Planning
Authors: Cao Wufei , Zhuang Yongdong , Chen Lixin , Liu Xiaowei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose: In this study, we employed a gated recurrent unit (GRU)-based recurrent neural network (RNN) using dosimetric information induced by individual beam to predict the dose-volume histogram (DVH) and investigated the feasibility and usefulness of this method in biologically related models for nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) treatment planning.Methods and Materials: One hundred patients with NPC undergoing volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) between 2018 and 2019 were randomly selected for this study. All the VMAT plans were created using the Monaco treatment planning system (Elekta, Sweden) and clinically approved: >98% of PGTVnx received the prescribed doses of 70 Gy, >98% of PGTVnd received the prescribed doses of 66 Gy and >98% of PCTV received 60 Gy. Of these, the data from 80 patients were used to train the GRU-RNN, and the data from the other 20 patients were used for testing. For each NPC patient, the DVHs of different organs at risk were predicted by a trained GRU-based RNN using the information given by individual conformal beams. Based on the predicted DVHs, the equivalent uniform doses (EUD) were calculated and applied as dose constraints during treatment planning optimization. The regenerated VMAT experimental plans (EPs) were evaluated by comparing them with the clinical plans (CPs).Results: For the 20 test patients, the regenerated EPs guided by the GRU-RNN predictive model achieved good consistency relative to the CPs. The EPs showed better consistency in PTV dose distribution and better dose sparing for many organs at risk, and significant differences were found in the maximum/mean doses to the brainstem, brainstem PRV, spinal cord, lenses, temporal lobes, parotid glands and larynx with P-values <0.05. On average, compared with the CPs, the maximum/mean doses to these OARs were altered by -3.44 Gy, -1.94 Gy, -1.88 Gy, 0.44 Gy, 1.98 Gy, -1.82 Gy and 2.27 Gy, respectively. In addition, significant differences were also found in brainstem and spinal cord for the dose received by 1cc volume with 4.11 and 1.67 Gy dose reduction in EPs on average.Conclusion: The GRU-RNN-based DVH prediction method was capable of accurate DVH prediction. The regenerated plans guided by the predicted EUDs were not inferior to the manual plans, had better consistency in PTVs and better dose sparing in critical OARs, indicating the usefulness and effectiveness of biologically related model in knowledge-based planning.
Intraoperative Ultrasonography assistance for minimally invasive repair of the acute Achilles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Yang Yongliang , Jia Honglei , Zhang Wupeng , Xu Shihong , Wang Fu , Wang Bomin , Li Qinghu , Wang Yonghui , Han Shumei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Minimally invasive repair is a better option for Achilles tendon rupture with low re-rupture and wound-related complications than conservative treatment or traditional open repair. The major problem is sural nerve injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect and advantage of the intraoperative ultrasonography assistance for minimally invasive repair of the acute Achilles tendon rupture. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 36 cases of acute Achilles tendon rupture treated with minimally invasive repair assisted with intraoperative ultrasonography from January 2015 to December 2017. The relationship of the sural nerve and small saphenous vein was confirmed on the preoperative MRI. The course of the small saphenous vein and sural nerve were identified and marked by intraoperative ultrasonography. The ruptured Achilles tendon was repaired with minimally invasive Bunnell suture on the medial side of the small saphenous vein (SSV).Results: All patients were followed up for at least 12 months. No sural nerve injury or other complications was found intraoperatively and postoperatively. All the patients returned to work and light sporting activities at a mean of 12.78±1.40 weeks and 17.28±2.34 weeks, respectively. The Mean American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores improved from 59.17±5.31 preoperatively to 98.92±1.63 at the time of 12 months follow-up. There was statistically significant difference (P<0.001). No patient complained a negative effect on their life.Conclusions: The minimally invasive repair assisted with intraoperative ultrasonography can yield good clinical outcomes, less surgical time and less complications, especially sural nerve injury. It is an efficient, reliable and safe method for acute Achilles Tendon (AT) rupture.
TgROP18 Targets IL20RB for Host-Defense-Related-STAT3 Activation During T. gondii Infection
Authors: Kong Ling , Jiang Dan , He Cheng , Xia Jing , We Haixia , Zhou Lijuan , Peng Hong-Juan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic protozoan infecting almost one -third of the world’s population. T. gondii rhoptry protein 18 ( Tg ROP18) is a key virulence factor determining the parasite’s acute virulence and is secreted into host cells during infection. We previously identified the interaction of Tg ROP18 and host cell immune-related receptor protein IL20RB, and observed the activation of STAT3 in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells infected by the rop16 knockout RH strain, though Tg ROP16 is regarded as being responsible for host STAT3 activation during T. gondii invasion. Therefore, we hypothesize Tg ROP18 can activate host STAT3 through binding to IL20RB. Methods: CRISPR-CAS9 technology was used to generate the ROP16 and ROP8 double knockout RH strain, RH-∆rop16∆rop18. SDS-PAGE and Western blot were used to detect STAT3 activation in different HaCaT cells with high endogenous IL20RB expression treated with T. gondii tachyzoites infection, recombinant ROP18, or IL-20 . FRET and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to detect the protein-protein interaction. Results: We observed that TgROP18 was involved in a synergic activation of the host JAK/STAT3 pathway together with TgROP16 in human HaCaT cells infected with T. gondii or treated with recombinant TgROP18 protein, stimulating host proinflammatory immune responses such as expression of TNF-a. The effect of recombinant ROP18 on STAT3 phosphorylation was presented in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, TgROP18 was identified to target IL20RB on its extracellular domain. When we treated different cell lines with the recombinant ROP18, STAT3 phosphorylation could only be observed in the cells with endogenous IL20RB expression, such as HaCaT cells. Conclusions: These findings indicate that TgROP18-IL20RB interaction upon T. gondii invasion was involved in STAT3 activation, which is associated with host cell defense.
Identification of novel genes associated with dysregulation of B cells in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Inamo Jun , Suzuki Katsuya , Takeshita Masaru , Kassai Yoshiaki , Takiguchi Maiko , Kurisu Rina , Okuzono Yuumi , Tasaki Shinya , Yoshimura Akihiko , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background. The aim of this study was to identify the molecular mechanism of dysregulation of B cell subpopulations of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) at the transcriptome level. Methods. We enrolled patients with pSS (n=6) and healthy controls (HC) (n=6) in the discovery cohort using microarray and pSS (n=14) and HC (n=12) in the validation cohort using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Peripheral B cells acquired from these subjects were separated by cell sorting into four subsets: CD38-IgD+ (Bm1), CD38+IgD+ (naïve B cells), CD38highIgD+ (pre-germinal centre B cells) and CD38±IgD- (memory B cells). We performed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA).Results. Expression of the long non-coding RNA LINC00487 was significantly upregulated in all B cell subsets, as was that of HLA and interferon (IFN) signature genes. Moreover, the normalized intensity value of LINC00487 significantly correlated with the disease activity score of all pSS B cell subsets. Studies of human B cell lines revealed that the expression of LINC00487 was strongly induced by IFNα. WGCNA revealed six gene clusters associated with the B cell subpopulation of pSS. Further, SOX4 was identified as an inter-module hub gene.Conclusion. Our transcriptome analysis revealed key genes involved in the dysregulation of B cell subpopulations associated with pSS. Trial registration: Not required.
Comparative Outcomes of EUS-Guided Lumen-Apposing Mental Stents Drainage for Pancreatic Pseudocysts and Walled-off Necrosis: Case Series and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Qian , Zhou Anni , Zhao Guiping , Wang Wenhai , Sun Xiujing , Liu Chuntao , Lei Xiao , Wang Yongjun , Ji Ming , Wu Yongdong , Zhang Shutian , Li Peng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural drainage for pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) has become the first-line treatment with quicker recovery and less injury compared with surgery and percutaneous drainage. The efficacy of stents implantation and drainage for different types of PFCs remains controversial, especially lumen-apposing mental stents (LAMS). This study aims to compare efficacy and safety of LAMS drainage for pancreatic pseudocysts (PPC) and walled-off necrosis (WON).Methods: A meta-analysis was performed for LAMS drainage for WON and PPC by systematically searching PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases from January 2010 to January 2020. From 2017 to 2019, 12 patients who were treated with LAMS drainage for PFCs in our medical center were also reviewed and included in this study.Results: Combining 11 searched literatures with the data from our medical center, a total of 585 patients with PFCs were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including 343 patients with WON and 242 with PPC. The technical success rate in WON is not significant different from that of PPC (P = 0.08 > 0.05). The clinical success of LAMS placement was achieved in 99% versus 89% in PPC and WON, respectively (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98, P = 0.01 < 0.05). Further intervention of direct endoscopic necrosectomy was required in 60% of patients in WON group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events after LAMS placement between WON and PPC, including infection, bleeding, stent migration and stent occlusion.Conclusions: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided LAMS for PFCs is feasible, effective with preferable technical and clinical success rates. The clinical effect of LAMS on PPC is better than that of WON, but its adverse reactions still need to be verified in a large-sample prospective study.