bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does corporate social responsibility commitment and participation predict environmental and social performance?
Authors: Anser Muhammad Khalid , Yousaf Zahid , Majid Abdul , Yasir Muhammad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitment and CSR participation on both social performance and environmental performance. The current study examines the influence of CSR commitment on CSR participation. This study also tested the mediating effect of CSR participation in the connection between CSR commitment and social performance as well as between CSR commitment and environmental performance. Data were collected from 324 managers of hotels and tourism units. Statistical techniques such as correlation, regression and AMOS 7.0 software were used for data analysis. Results reveal that CSR commitment positively predicts CSR participation. CSR participation significantly predicts the social performance and environmental performance. The direct link of CSR commitment with social performance and environmental performance is positive and significant. The findings also reveal that CSR participation mediates the relationship between both CSR commitment and social performance and CSR commitment and environmental performance links.
Handgrip strength—A risk indicator for type 2 diabetes: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational cohort studies
Authors: Kunutsor Setor K. , Isiozor Nzechukwu M. , Khan Hassan , Laukkanen Jari A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsEvolving debate suggests that handgrip strength (HGS), a measure of muscular strength, might be associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the evidence is conflicting. Using a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published observational cohort studies in general populations, we aimed to assess the association of HGS with the future risk of T2D.MethodsRelevant studies were sought from inception until April 2020 in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and manual search of relevant articles. Transformed or extracted relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing the top vs bottom thirds of HGS levels were pooled using random effects meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 10 unique observational cohort studies comprising of 177 826 participants and >5167 T2D cases were eligible. The pooled multivariable RR (95% CI) for T2D comparing the top vs bottom thirds of HGS levels was 0.73 (0.63‐0.84). This association was consistent across several relevant subgroups except for evidence of effect modification by sample size (Pvalue for meta‐regression <.001): evidence of an association in smaller studies (<250 events) 0.50 (0.40‐0.63), with no significant association in bigger studies (≥250 events) 0.87 (0.73‐1.05). There was no evidence of small study effects using formal tests such as funnel plots and Egger's regression symmetry test.ConclusionPooled analysis of observational cohort studies suggests that HGS may be a risk indicator for T2D in the general population. The role of utilizing HGS measurements in T2D prevention strategies warrants further investigation.
Occupancy‐derived thermal affinities reflect known physiological thermal limits of marine species
Authors: Webb Thomas J. , Lines Aaron , Howarth Leigh M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPredicting how species will respond to increased environmental temperatures is key to understanding the ecological consequences of global change. The physiological tolerances of a species define its thermal limits, while its thermal affinity is a summary of the environmental temperatures at the localities at which it actually occurs. Experimentally derived thermal limits are known to be related to observed latitudinal ranges in marine species, but accurate range maps from which to derive latitudinal ranges are lacking for many marine species. An alternative approach is to combine widely available data on global occurrences with gridded global temperature datasets to derive measures of species‐level “thermal affinity”—that is, measures of the central tendency, variation, and upper and lower bounds of the environmental temperatures at the locations at which a species has been recorded to occur. Here, we test the extent to which such occupancy‐derived measures of thermal affinity are related to the known thermal limits of marine species using data on 533 marine species from 24 taxonomic classes and with experimentally derived critical upper temperatures spanning 2–44.5°C. We show that thermal affinity estimates are consistently and positively related to the physiological tolerances of marine species, despite gaps and biases in the source data. Our method allows thermal affinity measures to be rapidly and repeatably estimated for many thousands more marine species, substantially expanding the potential to assess vulnerability of marine communities to warming seas.
Assignment of complex species by affinity capillary electrophoresis: The case of Th(IV)‐desferrioxamine B
Authors: Sladkov Vladimir , Roques Jérôme , Meyer Michel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe electrophoretic mobility change of desferrioxamine B (DFO) was monitored by UV absorption spectrophotometry upon increasing the thorium(IV) concentration in the background electrolyte at two acidities ([HClO4]Tot = 0.0316 and 0.0100 M). These data enabled to assess the speciation model and to determine the equilibrium constant of [Th(DFO)H2]3+ at fixed ionic strength (I = 0.1 M (H,Na)ClO4). Affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) turned out to be most helpful in identifying the complexed species by ascertaining its charge and protonation state. The assignment of the correct stoichiometry relied on the reliable estimation of the electrophoretic mobility by assuming similar hydrodynamic radii for (DFO)H4+ and the chelate. The value of the apparent equilibrium constant (log β112 = 38.7 ± 0.4) obtained by ACE compares favorably well with those reported in the literature for thorium and a range of other metal ions, according to a linear free‐energy relationship. This method is useful for studying metal‐ligand binding equilibria and provides valuable information for further modelling the behavior of tetravalent actinides under environmental conditions. Structural information about the prevalent solution species in acidic conditions was gained by DFT calculations, confirming the bishydroxamato coordination mode of Th4+ by the diprotonated ligand.
Early warning systems in inpatient anorexia nervosa: A validation of the MARSIPAN‐based modified early warning system
Authors: Ioannidis Konstantinos , Serfontein Jaco , Deakin Julia , Bruneau Melanie , Ciobanca Anya , Holt Leah , Snelson Sarah , Stochl Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the validity of a MARSIPAN‐guidance‐adapted Early Warning System (MARSI MEWS) and compare it to the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and an adapted version of the Physical Risk in Eating Disorders Index (PREDIX), to ascertain whether current practice is comparable to best‐practice standards.MethodsWe collated 3,937 observations from 36 inpatients from Addenbrookes Hospital over 2017–2018 and used three independent raters to create a “gold standard” of deteriorating cases. We ascertained performance metrics (Receiver Operating Characteristic Area Under the curve) for MARSI MEWS, NEWS and PREDIX; we also tested the proof of concept of a machine‐learning‐based early‐warning‐system (ML‐EWS) using cross‐validation and out‐of‐sample prediction of cases.ResultsThe MARSI MEWS system showed higher ROC AUC (0.916) compared to NEWS (0.828) or PREDIX (0.865). ML‐EWS (random forest) performed well at independent samples analysis (0.980) and multilevel analysis (0.922).ConclusionMARSI MEWS seems most suitable for identifying critically deteriorating cases in anorexia nervosa inpatient population. We did not examine community practice in which the PREDIX arguably remains the best to ascertain deteriorating cases. Our results also provide a first proof of concept for the development of artificial‐intelligence‐based early warning systems in anorexia nervosa. Implications for inpatient clinical practice in eating disorders are discussed.
Changes in bio‐accessibility, polyphenol profile and antioxidants of quinoa and djulis sprouts during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Zhang Qinping , Xing Bao , Sun Menghan , Zhou Bangwei , Ren Guixing , Qin Peiyou 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the bio‐accessibility of the phenolics and flavonoid, the polyphenolic profile and the antioxidant activity of sprouts obtained from four different quinoa genotypes and one djulis cultivar during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Compared to their content in sprouts, the bioavailable phenolics after the oral phase, the gastric phase, the intestinal phase, and in the dialyzable fraction were in the ranges of 45.7%–63.5%, 87.6%–116.7%, 89.6%–124.5%, and 7.4%–10.9%, respectively. The trend in flavonoid bio‐accessibility was similar to the polyphenols. The dialyzable flavonoid recoveries varied between 4.2% and 12.4%. Correspondingly, the free radical scavenging activity of the dialyzable phase decreased significantly from 84.7% to 96.5%. The main phenolic acids were vanillic acid, caffeic acid, and syringic acid during digestion. The results suggest that gastrointestinal digestion greatly affected the absorption of polyphenols and flavonoid of quinoa and djulis sprouts, as well as their antioxidant capacity.
Prognostic value of computed tomography‐based volumetric body composition analysis in patients with head and neck cancer: Feasibility study
Authors: Choi Yangsean , Ahn Kook‐Jin , Jang Jinhee , Shin Na‐Young , Jung So‐Lyung , Kim Bum‐soo , Kim Min‐Sik , Kim Yeon‐Sil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate whether computed tomography (CT)‐based volumetric body composition analysis has prognostic value in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective study included 79 patients with HNC treated with definitive radiotherapy from March 2009 to December 2018. The patients were assessed for (a) weight‐based variables and (b) pretreatment and posttreatment CT‐based body composition variables. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazards analyses.ResultsDepletion of cervical skeletal muscle volume on presentation was associated with poor OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.2‐7.8; P = .016). Low fat proportions before and after treatment were associated with poor OS (HR = 2.5‐3.5; 95% CI = 1.3‐9.3; P = .013‐.026). In multivariate Cox analysis, increased posttreatment fat attenuation demonstrated the greatest prognostic value for both OS (HR = 4.7; 95% CI = 2.2‐10.3; P < .001) and RFS (HR = 4.3; 95% CI = 2.0‐9.5; P < .001).ConclusionsCT‐based body composition analysis has the potential for risk assessment in patients with HNC.
Artificial intelligence system for detecting superficial laryngopharyngeal cancer with high efficiency of deep learning
Authors: Inaba Atsushi , Hori Keisuke , Yoda Yusuke , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Takano Hiroaki , Matsuzaki Hiroki , Watanabe Yoshiki , Takeshita Nobuyoshi , Tomioka Toshifumi , Ishii Genichiro , Fujii Satoshi , Hayashi Ryuichi , Yano Tomonori 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are no published reports evaluating the ability of artificial intelligence (AI) in the endoscopic diagnosis of superficial laryngopharyngeal cancer (SLPC). We presented our newly developed diagnostic AI model for SLPC detection.MethodsWe used RetinaNet for object detection. SLPC and normal laryngopharyngeal mucosal images obtained from narrow‐band imaging were used for the learning and validation data sets. Each independent data set comprised 400 SLPC and 800 normal mucosal images. The diagnostic AI model was constructed stage‐wise and evaluated at each learning stage using validation data sets.ResultsIn the validation data sets (100 SLPC cases), the median tumor size was 13.2 mm; flat/elevated/depressed types were found in 77/21/2 cases. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy improved each time a learning image was added and were 95.5%, 98.4%, and 97.3%, respectively, after learning all SLPC and normal mucosal images.ConclusionsThe novel AI model is helpful for detection of laryngopharyngeal cancer at an early stage.
Regorafenib Versus Nivolumab After Sorafenib Failure: Real‐World Data in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Choi Won‐Mook , Choi Jonggi , Lee Danbi , Shim Ju Hyun , Lim Young‐Suk , Lee Han Chu , Chung Young‐Hwa , Lee Young‐Sang , Park Sook Ryun , Ryu Min‐Hee , Ryoo Baek‐Yeol , Lee So Jung , Kim Kang Mo 
Published: June 2020

Regorafenib and nivolumab are drugs approved for second‐line treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after sorafenib failure. However, the effectiveness of regorafenib and nivolumab following sorafenib has not been directly compared. This study retrospectively evaluated 373 patients with HCC who were treated with regorafenib (n = 223) or nivolumab (n = 150) after sorafenib failure between July 2017 and February 2019. Progression‐free survival (PFS; hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69‐1.06; P = 0.150), time to progression (TTP; HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.77‐1.19; P = 0.680), and overall survival (OS; HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.64‐1.07; P = 0.154) did not differ significantly between groups of patients treated with regorafenib and nivolumab, findings consistently observed by multivariable‐adjusted, propensity score‐matched, and inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) analyses. However, the objective response rate was significantly higher in the nivolumab than in the regorafenib group (13.3% vs. 4.0%; P = 0.002). When the effectiveness of regorafenib and nivolumab was compared in nonprogressors to treatment, defined as patients who achieved complete response, partial response, or stable disease after first response evaluation, PFS (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.33‐0.75; P = 0.001), TTP (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.31‐0.73; P < 0.001), and OS (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.31‐0.87; P = 0.013) were significantly longer in the 59 nonprogressors to nivolumab than in the 104 nonprogressors to regorafenib, findings also observed by multivariable‐adjusted and IPTW analyses. Conclusion: Survival outcomes in patients treated with regorafenib and nivolumab after sorafenib failure did not differ significantly. However, nivolumab may be more effective than regorafenib in nonprogressors.
Downregulation of hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated channels (HCN) in the hippocampus of patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE‐HS)
Authors: Lin Wanrong , Qin Jiaming , Ni Guanzhong , Li Yinchao , Xie Haitao , Yu Jiabin , Li Hainan , Sui Lisen , Guo Qiang , Fang Ziyan , Zhou Liemin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChanges in the expression of HCN ion channels leading to changes in Ih function and neuronal excitability are considered to be possible mechanisms involved in epileptogenesis in kinds of human epilepsy. In previous animal studies of febrile seizures and temporal lobe epilepsy, changes in the expression of HCN1 and HCN2 channels at different time points and in different parts of the brain were not consistent, suggesting that transcriptional disorders involving HCNs play a crucial role in the epileptogenic process. Therefore, we aimed to assess the transcriptional regulation of HCN channels in Medial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE‐HS) patients. This study included eight nonhippocampal sclerosis patients and 40 MTLE‐HS patients. The mRNA expression of HCN channels was evaluated by qRT‐PCR, while the protein expression was quantitatively analyzed by Western blotting. The subcellular localization of HCN channels in the hippocampus was explored by immunofluorescence. We demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expression of HCN1 and HCN2 are downregulated in controls compared to that in MTLE‐HS patients. In the hippocampal CA1/CA4 subregion and GCL, in addition to a large decrease in neurons, the expression of HCN1 and HCN2 on neuronal cell membranes was also downregulated in MTLE‐HS patients. These findings suggest that the expression of HCN channels are downregulated in MTLE‐HS, which indicates that the decline in HCN channels in the hippocampus during chronic epilepsy in MTLE‐HS patients leads to the downregulation of Ih current density and function, thereby reducing the inhibitory effect and increasing neuronal excitability and eventually causing disturbances in the electrical activity of neurons.
Factors associated with utilisation of health care interpreting services and the impact on length of stay and cost: A retrospective cohort analysis of audit data
Authors: Morris Darcy , Lambert Kelly , Vellar Lucia , Mastroianni Fiorina , Krizanac Josipa , Lago Luise , Mullan Judy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIssue addressedUtilisation of professional health care interpreting services improves the quality and safety of health care among patients with limited English proficiency. Health care interpreter service utilisation is inconsistent and suboptimal in Australia. Evidence of the impact of interpreter service use on patient outcomes and costs is limited. This study aimed to identify the proportion of hospitalised patients who received a health care interpreter during admission and describe the characteristics and outcomes for those requiring interpreter services.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis of linked admitted patient data with internal interpreter audit data. This study included all inpatients in a health district‐wide clinical audit of interpreter service use conducted between July 2016 and March 2018. The dataset comprised 74 patients (including 79 unique hospital stays and 90 episodes) from eight hospitals in one regional health district in New South Wales, Australia.ResultsInterpreting services were utilised at least once for 54.4% (n = 43) of admissions. Females were more likely to receive an interpreter (65.1% vs 47.1%, P = .04). Age, preferred language, hospital, Diagnosis‐Related Group partition and comorbidities were not associated with interpreter service utilisation. Differences in length of stay and cost associated with use of interpreter services were not statistically significant after casemix adjustment.ConclusionsApproximately half of those who required an interpreter received one during their hospital stay. Further investigation is needed to establish whether regular clinical audits contributed to this rate of utilisation, which is higher than reported elsewhere in the literature.So what?A detailed understanding of regional interpreting service use with evidence from the literature provides compelling and contextual evidence for change, at the level at which the service is delivered. This supports meaningful action to increase utilisation, and improve the quality and safety of health care delivered to patients with limited English proficiency.
A healthy lifestyle and survival among women with ovarian cancer
Authors: Hansen Jessy M. , Nagle Christina M. , Ibiebele Torukiri I. , Grant Peter T. , Obermair Andreas , Friedlander Michael L. , DeFazio Anna , Webb Penelope M. ,   Ovarian Cancer Prognosis and Lifestyle Study Group
Published: June 2020

AbstractOvarian cancer has a poor survival rate and, understandably, women often want to know whether there is anything they can do to improve their prognosis. Our goal was to investigate the association between a healthy lifestyle prediagnosis and postdiagnosis and survival in a cohort of Australian women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. We calculated a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) based on women's self‐reported smoking status, height, weight, physical activity, diet and alcohol consumption before diagnosis (n = 678) and after completing primary treatment (n = 512). Clinical data and vital status for each woman were ascertained through medical records. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for all‐cause mortality. There was a suggestive association between a more healthy lifestyle before diagnosis and better survival (HR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.59‐1.04), however, the association was stronger for lifestyle after diagnosis, with women in the highest tertile having significantly better survival than women in the lowest tertile (HR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.40‐0.93; P‐trend = .02). Current smoking, particularly postdiagnosis, was associated with higher mortality (HR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.17‐2.42; HR 2.82, 95% CI: 1.29‐6.14, for prediagnosis and postdiagnosis smoking, respectively), but women who quit after diagnosis had survival outcomes similar to nonsmokers (HR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.57‐1.72). Higher physical activity after diagnosis was associated with better survival (HR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.39‐0.92; P‐trend = .02). A healthy lifestyle after diagnosis, in particular not smoking and being physically active, may help women with ovarian cancer improve their prognosis.
Quantitative assessment of optical coherence tomography angiography algorithms for neuroimaging
Authors: Liu Jianting , Zhu Jiang , Zhu Lianqing , Yang Qiang , Fan Fan , Zhang Fan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography can noninvasively map microvascular networks and quantify blood flow in a cerebral cortex with a resolution of 1 to 10 μm and a penetration depth of 2 to 3 mm incorporating OCT signals and angiography algorithms. Different angiography algorithms have been developed in recent years; however, the performance of the algorithms has not been assessed quantitatively for neuroimaging applications. In this paper, we developed four metrics including vascular connectivity, contrast‐to‐noise ratio, signal‐to‐noise ratio and processing time to quantitatively assess the performance of OCT angiography algorithms in image quality and computation speed. After the imaging of a rat cortex using an OCT system, the cerebral microvascular networks were visualized by seven algorithms, and the performance of the algorithms was quantified and compared. Quantitative performance assessment of the algorithms can provide suggestions for the selection of appropriate OCT angiography algorithms in neuroimaging.