bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Classification and Description of Shale Pore System: from the Burial History Perspective
Authors: Zhao Tianyi , Yin Xia , Chen Gang , Tian Lingyu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Accurate micro-storage and mechanism of shale gas is important for defining and describing the adsorption characteristics, and for gas-in-place estimation. In this paper, reservoir forming process is divided into early stage and late stage, and the initial gas-water distribution in different stage is redefined. Different from the widely used solid-gas interface adsorption theory, the pore system in original shale reservoir is divided into solid-gas system and solid-liquid-gas system. Gas pores existing in organic matters belong to solid-gas system, and are classified into residual gas pores and metamorphic gas pores. Plant tissue pores in organic and mineral pores belong to solid-liquid-gas system. Their characteristics are described.
Research on and Application of Blasting Excavation Technology for Highway Cutting Under Complex Environment
Authors: Huang Xiqin , Zhang Xiaojun , Sun Junshan , Hao Haigang , Bai Rongshuai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Blasting construction is currently a relatively quick and efficient method of earthwork excavation, but harmful effects such as vibration and flying stones caused by blasting are an important issue that cannot be ignored. Presplitting blasting is an important construction method to control blasting vibration and protect adjacent buildings (structures). This article takes the pre-split blasting of the cutting near the beacon tower in Yangcheng Village as an example. From the discussion of blasting design and blasting effect analysis, the research on pre-split blasting is carried out. It has important reference significance for the design of similar blasting projects.
Experimental Study on Modification of Low-grade and Machine-made Sands
Authors: Zhao Shujing , Fu Rirong , Fu Peng , Pang Lufeng , Zhou Zaibo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to better apply low-grade and machine-made sands, this paper adopts the control test to investigate the influence of low-grade and machine-made sands with different proportions on motor fluidity, setting time and compressive strength, and modification effects of different mud inhibitors on low-grade and machine-made sands, proceeds the study on suitability of different kinds of fine low-grade and machine-made sands, and conducts the scale-up experiment in the concrete. The research results show that the content of fine low-grade and machine-made sands can substantially influence the water-reducing effects of polycarboxylate superplasticizer, affect the motor fluidity, compressive strength and setting time. After comparing different kinds of mud inhibitors, it turns out that HEDP has better effects, and can improve the low-grade and machine-made sands to certain degree; after comparing the polyethylene glycol (PEG) with different molecular weights, it turns out that the less the molecular weight is, the better the mud resistance effects are; PAANa has the best effects, and can remarkably improve the motor fluidity, prolong the setting time, enhance the compressive strength, and has better adaptability to different kinds of low-grade and machine-made sands, same significant application effects in concrete.
Study on Synthesis and Performance of Slump Retention Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer
Authors: Chen Guorong , Zhong Lina , Fang Yunhui , Ke Yuliang , Guo Yuanqiang , Lin Tianxing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A polycarboxylate superplasticizer with high slump retention capability was prepared and the effect of the ratio of acid to ether, L-type ascorbic acid and acrylic acid was discussed. The results showed that the optimum acid-ether ratio of the water reducing agent was 2.44, the amount of L-type ascorbic acid was 0.35, and the amount of acrylic acid was 9%. The results of C30 concrete test showed that the initial slump of PC-1 was slightly larger than that of the same kind of PC-2 and PC-3.
Research on Physical and Mechanical Indexes of Acidified Tailings Particles
Authors: Chen Wenzhao , Yao Xiangrong , Fan Jiaqing , Yang Kai , Zhu Feng , Jiang Yifan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Tailing acidification is a common objective phenomenon in sulfide mine tailings. In sulfide mines, the tailings sand particles are fine. With the accumulation of accumulation time, the sulfide minerals contained in the tailings will be oxidized to generate sulfate and sulfuric acid under the catalysis of oxidizing bacteria, water, oxygen and oxidant (such as Fe3+), and the acidic waste liquid will further undergo double decomposition reaction with metal oxides in the tailings to generate insoluble precipitates, which will weaken the shear strength of the tailings. It affects the stability of tailings. The author studies the stability of ore bodies after tailings acidification by laboratory experiments. It is found that tailings acidification will change the structural characteristics of soil and affect the shear strength of tailings soil itself.
Study on the technology of preparing foamed cement insulation board by using beneficiation tailings
Authors: Li Jiayuan , Yi Xiaolin , Kang Mengqi , Chen Jun , Deng Bing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to reuse the tailings of beneficiation, a novel method which mixes and foams cement, micronized tailings powder, calcium stearate, polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer, early strength superplasticizer, HPMC and hydrogen peroxide under certain conditions is proposed in this work. The results showed that the best ratio is as follows: water temperature 50°C, hydrogen peroxide content 6.5%, water to material ratio 0.5, early strength water reducing agent 1.5%, HPMC4/10000, polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer 0.1%, calcium stearate 1.6%, 17% of tailings fine powder. The foamed cement compressive strength is 0.71MPa, dry density less than 260 kg/m3, and no collapse phenomenon, which guarantees good performance.
Theoretical and Finite Element Analysis of Steel Corbel Columns under Eccentric Compression
Authors: Ji Jing , Kang Wei , Xu Ming , Li Zhihui , Jiang Liangqin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to study the stress characteristics of steel corbel column under eccentric pressure, the corbel column is regarded as a cantilever column for theoretical analysis based on engineering mechanics, and the analytical solution of structural stress of corbel column is obtained. The three-dimensional finite element models of three kinds of corbels are established by using ABAQUS software. The static analysis under eccentric load is carried out, and the stress distribution of corbel columns is obtained. The results show that changing the loading position will have a great impact on the stress state of the structure, and finding out the reasonable loading position can make the component better exert its mechanical performance. Finally, the reasonable loading position and structural measures of the single corbel column in this project are proposed, which can provide reference for similar projects.
Impact of Small Organic Molecules on the Degradation of Methylene Blue in VUV/UV Irradiation System
Authors: Geng Cong , Zhao Zhiwei , Du Jinying , Liang Zhijie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Generally, small organic molecules (SOM) in waters are always as the ·OH scavengers in the AOPs and reduce its efficiency. In this paper, the studies are focused on the impact of small organic molecules on the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in VUV/UV irradiation system. Results show that the degradation of MB in VUV/UV process were divided into two section: the inhibition and acceleration with SOM addition. MB completely degraded at 30 min in VUV/UV system with addition of SOM, but the degradation was significantly inhibited in UV/H2O2/SOM system. The result show that the formation of H2O2 in water under VUV/UV irradiation and the addition of SOM improved the generation of H2O2. The decomposition of H2O2 at the maximum accumulated contents accelerate the MB degradation. This study provides an efficient VUV/UV process for reduce the interference of SOM, which could be applied in water treatment.
Study on SO2 Absorption Characteristics in Two-stage Wet Desulfurization Process
Authors: Zhou Can , Zhang Qilong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The effect of the inlet SO2 concentration and the pH of the desulfurization slurry on the SO2 absorption efficiency was systematically studied on a two-stage falling film reactor test system. Studies have shown that the SO2 absorption efficiency has a positive correlation with the pH value of the slurry. In the entire pH range, the SO2 absorption efficiency increases with the increase of the pH value and decreases with the increase of the SO2 concentration, but in different pH value areas. the main influencing factors for controlling the SO2 absorption efficiency are different. In the low pH range(3.5∼5.5), the SO2 absorption efficiency is mainly controlled by the inlet SO2 concentration, and the pH value is a secondary factor. However, in the high pH area(5.5∼6.5)the SO2 absorption efficiency is mainly controlled by pH when the inlet SO2 concentration is≤4000mg/m3. When the inlet SO2 concentration is >4000mg/m3, the SO2 absorption efficiency is controlled by the inlet SO2 concentration and pH value.
Optimization Design of Propellant Charge for a Medium and Large Caliber High Chamber Pressure Gun
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Feng Qunshan , Nan Fengqiang , He Weidong , Liu Zhitao , Ma Yan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Taking a medium and large caliber high chamber pressure gun as the object and a single charge as an example, the optimization design model of the propellant charge of high chamber pressure gun was established by using the optimization theory, and the trajectory parameters of 100mm gun were optimized, and the optimal trajectory design scheme satisfying the constraints is obtained. The results of this paper have some guiding significance for the optimal design of propellant charge for high chamber pressure gun.
The Principle of Fuzzy Negative Association Rule and Its Experiment Simulation
Authors: Zhang Zhaopeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Energy conservation optimization control is an important way to reduce the energy emission and save energy in coal-fired power plants. There is a large amount of potential knowledge and information in the massive data in the real-time historical database of thermal power plant, which can be used for the control of energy conservation and optimization. This paper is mainly around the fuzzy association rules based on the traditional method in power plant, the application of energy saving optimization control for fuzzy association rules in specific research, and the simulation test data of the power plant operation.
The Optical Design Principle of Twisted-Vertically Aligned Mode LCD
Authors: Chen Mei , Chen Xingwu , Song Qi , Li Dongze , Chang Tsung-Lung , Zhang Xin , Dou Hu , Meng Hong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Compared with normal VA mode LCD, twisted-vertically aligned (TVA) mode LCD gained more and more attention due to its high transmittance as well as high contrast ratio (CR). To realize the optimized electro-optical performance and low cost, this work revealed the optical design principle of TVA mode LCD by Jones Matrix and Computer simulations. Subsequently, the TVA mode sample with high transmittance under orthogonal polarizers was obtained by optimizing the design of the pixel electrode pattern and parameters of chiral LC materials.
Research on Mildew and Anticorrosion Technology of Mortar Admixture
Authors: Mu Xue Rui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The mortar admixture has a shorter storage period without preservatives. In order to prolong the storage period of the mortar admixture and the performance of the product is not affected, the anticorrosion research experiment of the mortar admixture product is carried out. Through this test, it can be seen that the higher the temperature of microorganisms under the condition of incomplete sealing outdoors, the faster the mildew cycle. Then by adding isothiazole preservatives to improve the mildew cycle and appearance changes of admixtures, by testing the number of colonies in the samples after adding preservatives and testing the performance of mortars, when the preservative content is 2.0‰, the inhibition bacteria effect is obvious. The experimental results show that the addition of preservatives can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria, significantly prolong the mildew cycle of mortar admixtures, and have no effect on the performance of mortar admixtures.
Effect of V2O5 promoter on characteristics and performance of NiO/CeO2 catalyst in methane bi-reforming
Authors: Phuong Phan Hong , Cam Loc Luu , Tri Nguyen , Van Nguyen Thi Thuy , Anh Nguyen Phung , Duy Nguyen Phuc Hoang , Cuong Hoang Tien 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, a series of 10 wt% NiO/CeO2 catalysts (Ni/Ce) promoted by V2O5 with content varying in the range of 0–0.5 wt% was prepared by the co-impregnation method. The characteristics of the catalysts were investigated by several techniques including N2 physisorption (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), EDS mapping, carbon dioxide temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD), and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). The activity of the catalyst was studied in the micro-flow system in a temperature range of 550 °C–800 °C, the feedstock composition CH4/CO2/H2O of 3.0/1.2/2.4 and the weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 30,000 ml.h−1.g−1. Adding V2O5 additive, on the one hand increases the reducibility and basicity of Ni/Ce catalyst, on the other hand reduces oxygen vacancies and increases the crystal size of CeO2, leading to various effects on catalyst activity depending on its content. Ni/Ce catalyst promoted with 0.3 wt% of V2O5 was the best among tested ones, on which at reaction temperature of 700 °C, the conversion of CH4 and CO2 reached 97% and 77% respectively, and the molar ratio of H2/CO was 2.1. Meanwhile, on non-promoted Ni/Ce catalyst, the corresponding quantities were 83%, 62% and 1.9, respectively. It is important to note that performance of both was stable for more than 30 h thanks to the better resistance to coke deposition and structural stability.
Two-step method for preparing calcium oxalate film on marble surface for stone protective
Authors: Zha Jianrui , Wei Shuya , Han Huarui , Wang Feng , Ma Qinlin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Calcium oxalate film was prepared by a novel two-step method on the surface of the marble substrate. The seed film was coated by a chemical reaction process, providing a good connection to the marble surface. Meanwhile, calcium oxalate solution was interwoven into the seed film to form a continuous network at room temperature. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis results indicated that the calcium oxalate film prepared by the two-step method showed a more intensive crystallinity degree and homogenous than that by the traditional oxalate treatment method (a scattered seed film). Subsequently, it was found such calcium oxalate film is feasible for preventing the marble substrate from chemical weathering. Furthermore, the change of the chromatic value, water absorption properties and adhesion strength of the marble substrates by the film is minimal. This method overcomes the limitations of traditional oxalate treatment process and has great potential for the protection of marble artifacts.
What religion is
Authors: Tweed Thomas A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
“What religion is,” argues that if religion matters, then definitions do too. Definitions of religion have practical implications and real-life effects. Many political constitutions, for example, use the word religion. But it is not always clear what it means. There are passionate debates about how to define religion, as looking at one court case involving ordinary religious practices linked with Africa shows. That case illustrates that definitions can be controversial. Those who have tried to characterize religion have used different metaphors to understand it and offered different judgments about whether it is helpful or harmful. What religion is can also be analyzed by considering important definitions, from more critical accounts by Sigmund Freud and Karl Marx to more sympathetic ones by William James and Émile Durkheim.
Writing oneself
Authors: Hamlin William M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Did Montaigne invent the essay? “Writing oneself” reminds us that Montaigne was not the first author to add personal experience and reflection to nonfiction writing. Montaigne loved the moral essays of Plutarch, the letters of Seneca, and the writings of his contemporary, Erasmus. The title in French, Essais, could be read as assays or attempts. Indeed, the Essays became depictions of Montaigne’s cognitive processes at work. It is suggested that the hunger for expression and intimacy in Montaigne’s writing originated in the death of a beloved friend, with whom Montaigne might otherwise have expressed these thoughts in conversation.
Skepticism
Authors: Hamlin William M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
How does the identification of Montaigne as a skeptic coexist with his Roman Catholic beliefs and practice? “Skepticism” classifies the Montaignian approach as “Pyrrhonist”—a school of skepticism that prioritized investigation over conclusion. Having read the ancient thinkers, Montaigne was in a strong position to discuss skepticism in his influential essay “Apology for Raymond Sebond,” in which he conflated ideas from Academic and Pyrrhonian schools. Some critics have expressed a wish that Montaigne was willing to subject his Christian beliefs to his usual level of scrutiny, but for him to have falsified his faith would have obscured his overall mission—to be known and understood.
Defending Islam from the secular world order
Authors: Green Nile 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, new hubs emerged in Egypt, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia. “Defending Islam from the Secular World Order” compares the different approaches of these regions to protecting Islam during a period of worldwide secularism. Movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood and Tablighi Jamaat (Preaching Society) propagated activism and evangelism and, in some cases, the political idea of an Islamic state. Sufis had no equivalent organizations. International congresses and organizations promoted a combination of Salafi principles with the Wahhabism of Saudi Arabia. This variation of Islam was spread further by cheap air travel, with vastly increased numbers going on pilgrimages and promoting Salafi-Wahhabist attitudes on their return.
Pulmonary Pathology of COVID-19 Following 8 Weeks to 4 Months of Severe Disease: A Report of Three Cases, Including One With Bilateral Lung Transplantation
Authors: Aesif Scott W , Bribriesco Alejandro C , Yadav Ruchi , Nugent Summer L , Zubkus Dmitriy , Tan Carmela D , Mehta Atul C , Mukhopadhyay Sanjay 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Current knowledge of the pulmonary pathology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is based largely on postmortem studies. In most, the interval between disease onset and death is relatively short (&lt;1 month). Information regarding lung pathology in patients who survive for longer periods is scant. We describe the pathology in three patients with severe COVID-19 who underwent antemortem examination of lung tissue at least 8 weeks after initial diagnosis.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective case series.

Results
The first patient developed acute respiratory failure and was started on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on day 21, with subsequent hemothorax. Debridement (day 38) showed extensive lung infarction with diffuse alveolar damage and Candida overgrowth. The second patient developed acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation that did not improve despite ECMO. Surgical lung biopsy on day 74 showed diffuse interstitial fibrosis with focal microscopic honeycomb change. The third patient also required ECMO and underwent bilateral lung transplantation on day 126. The explanted lungs showed diffuse interstitial fibrosis with focal microscopic honeycomb change.

Conclusions
This series provides histologic confirmation that complications of COVID-19 after 8 weeks to 4 months of severe disease include lung infarction and diffuse interstitial fibrosis.
What makes a fig: insights from a comparative analysis of inflorescence morphogenesis in Moraceae
Authors: Leite Viviane Gonçalves , Kjellberg Finn , Pereira Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo , Teixeira Simone Pádua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Moraceae, the family of mulberry and fig trees, displays small homogeneous flowers but extremely diverse inflorescences ranging from simple and branched to complex and condensed. Inflorescences also vary in flower organization in the receptacle, in the degree of flower condensation and in receptacle shape. Thus, the objective of the present study was to compare the inflorescence morphogenesis of Moraceae species, to investigate whether clades with a similar pollination mode share the same patterns of inflorescence development and the developmental stages at which we observe the key changes resulting in the diversified inflorescence architecture that culminates in the Ficus syconium.

Methods
Inflorescences at different developmental stages were sampled from Brosimum gaudichaudii, Castilla elastica, Clarisia ilicifolia, Ficus pertusa, Maclura tinctoria and Morus nigra and processed for surface and anatomical analyses.

Key Results
The inflorescence morphogenesis of the studied species is highly variable. The shape of the inflorescence meristem (bulging, hemispheric or elongated), the initiation order and arrangement of flowers along the receptacle and the occurrence of bracts vary between related species. This diversity originates early during inflorescence development. Brosimum gaudichaudii, C. elastica and F. pertusa have flowers enclosed or immersed within the receptacle, although inflorescences begin their development as flat and open structures, as occurs in the other three study species.

Conclusion
Comparison of the inflorescence morphogenesis in Moraceae species allows us to infer that evolutionary ontogenetic changes driven by pollinators culminate in the enclosure of flowers inside the receptacle, as occurs in the Ficus syconium.