bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of several hydrodynamic properties of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Khorshidpour Bijan , Honarvar Masoud , Ahmadi Chenarbon Hossein 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is necessary to know the hydrodynamic properties of agricultural products in order to analyze the behavior of materials when transporting and grading. In this study, the samples were divided into three groups based on their mass. Based on the results, the mean length, mass, volume, density, average projected area, and shape coefficient were 21.5 cm, 408 g, 386 cm3, 1.05 g/cm3, 620.16 cm2, and 11.68 in samples with m < 500 g, 24.1 cm, 681.8 g, 627.95 cm3, 1.08 g/cm3, 876.29 cm2, and 11.95 in samples with 500 < m <1,000 g and 28.4 cm, 1,389.36 g, 1,240.5 cm3, 1.12 g/cm3, 1,402.73, and 12.15 in samples with m > 1,000 g. Moreover, the terminal velocity, falling time, buoyancy, and drag force were 0.12 m/s, 14.26 s, 3.79 N, and 0.2 N in the samples with m < 500 g, 0.16 m/s, 10.92 s, 6.30 N, and 0.29 N in the samples with 500 < m <1,000 g and 0.22 m/s, 7.94 s, 12.03 N, and 1.49 N in the samples with m > 1,000 g. It is noteworthy that the water–sugar beet density difference and the mass had the greatest effect on terminal velocity and falling time whereas shape coefficient did not significantly influence these properties.
Development and Verification of a Body Weight–Directed Disease Trial Model for Glucose Homeostasis
Authors: Farhan Nashid , Gebert Ines , Xing Yifan , Wieser Katharina , Lingineni Karthik , Ma Xiaosu , Chien Jenny Y. , Garhyan Parag , Schmidt Stephan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWeight loss has been associated with improvement in insulin sensitivity. It is consequently a cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the strictly quantitative relationship between weight loss, insulin sensitivity, and clinically relevant glucose homeostasis biomarkers as well as changes therein as T2DM progresses is not yet fully understood. Therefore, the objective of our research was to establish a body weight–directed disease trial model for glucose homeostasis. To that end, we conducted a model‐based meta‐analysis using time course data of body weight loss (following lifestyle change or surgical procedure) and corresponding improvement of insulin sensitivity expressed as the Matsuda index. Changes in body weight were best described by a sigmoidal Emax model, whereas changes in the Matsuda index were best described by a linear model with a slope of 3.49. Once developed and verified, the model‐based meta‐analysis was linked to a disease‐drug trial model for T2DM previously developed by our group to characterize and predict the impact of weight loss on clinically relevant glucose homeostasis biomarkers. The joint model was then used to conduct clinical trial simulations, which showed that weight loss can greatly improve clinically relevant glucose homeostasis biomarkers in T2DM patients.
Sexual Health Inventory for Men Questionnaire as a Screening Method for Erectile Dysfunction in a General Urology Clinic
Authors: Alwaal Amjad , Awad Mohannad , Boggs Nathan , Kuzbel Jake , Snoad Brian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) is a validated questionnaire that is widely used in urology clinics to evaluate and assess treatment efficacy for erectile dysfunction (ED).

Aim
In this study, we evaluated the benefit of using the SHIM questionnaire as a screening tool for ED in a general urology clinic

Material and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed records of patients presenting to our general urology clinic from October 2018 to June 2019. During this period, all new male urology patients who are 40 years of age or older visiting the general urology clinic for any urologic condition received the SHIM questionnaire. We excluded all patients whose chief complaint was ED, Peyronie’s disease, and hypogonadism. Patients were then asked if they want treatment for ED, and those patients who did, received a full ED evaluation and treatment. Factors associated with desire for ED treatment were analyzed using logistic regression.

Main Outcome Measures
SHIM score, desire for ED treatment, and factors influencing desire for treatment.

Results
Three hundred seventy-nine patients received the SHIM questionnaire. Of which, 48 patients (12.7%) declined to fill the questionnaire. We excluded all patients presenting for sexual health issues (67 patients, 17.7%). We included the remaining 264 patients (69.6%). The mean age was 61.7 years (range 40 to 85). Older patients were more likely to want ED treatment and had lower SHIM scores. However, older than the age of 70 years, there was a decline in the number of patients wanting treatment. In a multivariate regression analysis, age between 61 and 70 years and having diabetes mellitus were associated with the desire for ED treatment.

Conclusions
The SHIM questionnaire is a useful tool in the general urology clinic. It can serve as an efficient tool to screen for and quantify ED in patients presenting for other urologic issues. Maximum benefit is seen in patients between the age of 51 and 70 years and in patients with diabetes.
Alwaal A, Awad M, Boggs N, et al. Sexual Health Inventory for Men Questionnaire as a Screening Method for Erectile Dysfunction in a General Urology Clinic. Sex Med 2020;8:660–663.
Feasibility of a Brief Online Psychoeducational Intervention for Women with Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder
Authors: Zippan Natasha , Stephenson Kyle R. , Brotto Lori A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Low sexual desire and arousal are the most common sexual concerns in women, but most women lack access to effective treatment such as cognitive behavioral therapy. Web-based psychological interventions, which are economical, private, easily accessible, and potentially effective, may increase the reach of evidence-based treatment.

Aim
To determine the feasibility of translating cognitive behavioral therapy for the most common female sexual dysfunction, Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder, into an online format. The present study examined the feasibility of an introductory psychoeducational module of eSense, an online program currently being developed that is based on existing empirically supported in-person treatments, which delivers content to the user in a visually appealing and interactive manner.

Methods
Sixteen cisgender women (M age = 31.9) with female sexual arousal/interest disorder worked through a pilot module of eSense inperson at a sexual health laboratory.

Outcomes
Qualitative semistructured interviews and online questionnaires were used to assess participants’ experiences of usability of the platform, clarity/relevance of the content, satisfaction with the experience, and any changes in clinical outcomes of sexual function and distress.

Results
Participants reported a high level of satisfaction with the website’s functionality and presentation. They reported greater knowledge, felt validated and more hopeful, and were eager to continue the remaining modules. Participants also reported notable prepost improvements in sexual desire, arousal, and satisfaction.

Clinical Implications
Initial user-experience assessment may represent a method of simultaneously improving online interventions and providing therapeutic education to participants.

Strengths & Limitations
This is one of the first studies, to our knowledge, to test a graphics-rich, interactive online intervention for sexual difficulties that does not require direct contact with expert providers or support groups. Limitations include the high level of education, motivation, and technical fluency of the sample and the potentially confounding effect of the researcher’s presence during interviews. Because this was a feasibility study, the sample size was small, and no control group was included, limiting conclusions about efﬁcacy and generalizability.

Conclusion
The format of eSense appears to be feasible and usable, lending support to the growing evidence that it is possible to take in-person therapeutic interventions online.
Experiencing conflict, feeling satisfied, being engaged: Limiting the detrimental effects of work–family conflict on job performance
Authors: De Clercq Dirk , Haq Inam Ul , Butt Affan Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between employees' perceptions of work–family conflict – defined as the extent to which the quality of their family life suffers due to work obligations – and their job performance. It also notes a buffering role of the satisfaction that employees feel about how their career has progressed since they joined the employing organization. Three-wave, time-lagged data reveal that an important reason work–family conflict diminishes job performance is that employees become less engaged with their work. Yet, this mediating role of work engagement is less salient to the extent that employees are satisfied with how their organization has supported their career goals over the course of their employment. This study accordingly pinpoints a prominent risk for employees who suffer from negative spillovers of work stress into the family domain, then make this situation worse by failing to meet organization-set performance expectations, which can generate even more stress. Employers can mitigate this risk though, by ensuring that their employees feel satisfied with how their career has progressed.
On the disequilibrium response and climate change vulnerability of the mass-balance glaciers in the Alps
Authors: Carturan Luca , Rastner Philipp , Paul Frank 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlaciers in the Alps and several other regions in the world have experienced strong negative mass balances over the past few decades. Some of them are disappearing, undergoing exceptionally negative mass balances that impact the mean regional value, and require replacement. In this study, we analyse the geomorphometric characteristics of 46 mass-balance glaciers in the Alps and the long-term mass-balance time series for a subset of nine reference glaciers. We identify regime shifts in the mass-balance time series (when non-climatic controls started impacting) and develop a glacier vulnerability index (GVI) as a proxy for their possible future development, based on criteria such as hypsometric index, breaks in slope, thickness distribution and elevation change pattern. We found that the subset of 46 mass-balance glaciers reflects the characteristics of the total glacier sample very well and identified a region-specific variability of the mass balance. As the GVI is strongly related to cumulative glacier mass balances, it can be used as a pre-selector of future mass-balance glaciers. We conclude that measurements on rapidly shrinking glaciers should be continued as long as possible to identify regime shifts in hind-cast and better understand the impacts of climatic variability on such glaciers.
The impact of cognitive reserve, cognition and clinical symptoms on psychosocial functioning in first-episode psychoses
Authors: Amoretti Silvia , Rosa Adriane R , Mezquida Gisela , Cabrera Bibiana , Ribeiro María , Molina Mariola , Bioque Miquel , Lobo Antonio , González-Pinto Ana , Fraguas David , Corripio Iluminada , Vieta Eduard , de la Serna Elena , Morro Laura , Garriga Marina , Torrent Carla , Cuesta Manuel J , Bernardo Miguel ,   PEPs Group
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundFunctional impairment is a defining feature of psychotic disorders. A range of factors has been shown to influence functioning, including negative symptoms, cognitive performance and cognitive reserve (CR). However, it is not clear how these variables may affect functioning in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. This 2-year follow-up study aimed to explore the possible mediating effects of CR on the relationship between cognitive performance or specific clinical symptoms and functional outcome.MethodsA prospective study of non-affective FEP patients was performed (211 at baseline and 139 at follow-up). CR was entered in a path analysis model as potential mediators between cognitive domains or clinical symptoms and functioning.ResultsAt baseline, the relationship between clinical variables or cognitive performance and functioning was not mediated by CR. At follow-up, the effect of attention (p= 0.003) and negative symptoms (p= 0.012) assessed at baseline on functioning was partially mediated by CR (p= 0.032 and 0.016), whereas the relationship between verbal memory (p= 0.057) and functioning was mediated by CR (p= 0.014). Verbal memory and positive and total subscales of PANSS assessed at follow-up were partially mediated by CR and the effect of working memory on functioning was totally mediated by CR.ConclusionsOur results showed the influence of CR in mediating the relationship between cognitive domains or clinical symptoms and functioning in FEP. In particular, CR partially mediated the relationship between some cognitive domains or clinical symptoms and functioning at follow-up. Therefore, CR could improve our understanding of the long-term functioning of patients with a non-affective FEP.
Associations Between Maternal Stress, Early Language Behaviors, and Infant Electroencephalography During the First Year of Life
Authors: PIERCE Lara J. , REILLY Emily , NELSON Charles A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAssociations have been observed between socioeconomic status (SES) and language outcomes from early childhood, but individual variability is high. Exposure to high levels of stress, often associated with low-SES status, might influence how parents and infants interact within the early language environment. Differences in these early language behaviors, and in early neurodevelopment, might underlie SES-based differences in language that emerge later on. Analysis of natural language samples from a predominantly low-/mid-income sample of mother-infant dyads, obtained using the Language Environment Analysis (LENA) system, found that maternal reports of exposure to stressful life events, and perceived stress, were negatively correlated with child vocalizations and conversational turns when infants were 6 and 12 months of age. Greater numbers of vocalizations and conversational turns were also associated with lower relative theta power and higher relative gamma power in 6- and 12-month baseline EEG – a pattern that might support subsequent language development.
Anxiety sensitivity, disgust sensitivity and aversive reactions to four stimuli
Authors: Winder Jessica R. , Mangen Katie H. , Martinez-Snyder Anna E. , Valentiner David P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground:Prior theory and research has implicated disgust as relevant to some, but not all phobias.Aims:The current study examined whether anxiety sensitivity is more relevant to certain specific phobias and whether disgust sensitivity is more relevant to other specific phobias.Method:Participants (n = 201) completed measures of anxiety sensitivity, disgust sensitivity and measures of aversive reactions in the presence of two fear-relevant stimuli (i.e. heights and small, enclosed spaces) and two disgust-relevant stimuli (i.e. spiders and blood/injury).Results:Results of multiple linear regression analyses revealed that disgust sensitivity showed significant associations with aversive reactions in all four stimulus domains after controlling for anxiety sensitivity. After controlling for disgust sensitivity, anxiety sensitivity showed associations with the two fear-relevant phobias but not with the two disgust-relevant phobias included in this study. Anxiety sensitivity also showed an association with variance specific to one of the two fear-relevant specific phobias included in the study. Disgust sensitivity also showed associations with variance specific to both of the disgust-relevant phobias included in the study but not with variance specific to either of the fear-relevant specific phobias.Conclusions:These results provide evidence that the distinction between fear-relevant and disgust-relevant specific phobias is meaningful and also implicate disgust sensitivity as relevant to aversive reactions to all stimuli included in this study.
Malnutrition in all its forms by wealth, education and ethnicity in Latin America: who are more affected?
Authors: Batis Carolina , Mazariegos Mónica , Martorell Reynaldo , Gil Angel , Rivera Juan A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:To summarise the findings from this supplemental issue on the distribution of malnutrition (stunting/short stature, anaemia and overweight) by wealth, education and ethnicity within and between ten Latin American countries.Design:We retrieved information from each country’s article and estimated the average difference in the prevalence of malnutrition between groups. We estimated the associations between countries’ malnutrition prevalence and GDP, percentage of women with high education and percentage of non-indigenous ethnicity.Setting:Nationally representative surveys from ten Latin American countries conducted between 2005 and 2017.Participants:Children (<5 years), adolescent women (11–19 years) and adult women (20–49 years).Results:Socially disadvantaged groups (low wealth, low education and indigenous ethnicity) had on average 15–21 (range across indicators and age groups) percentage points (pp) higher prevalence of stunting/short stature and 3–11 pp higher prevalence of anaemia. For overweight or obesity, adult women with low education had a 17 pp higher prevalence; differences were small among children <5 years, and results varied by country for adolescents by education, and for adults and adolescents by wealth and ethnicity. A moderate and strong correlation (–0·58 and –0·71) was only found between stunting/short stature prevalence and countries’ GDP per capita and percentage of non-indigenous households.Conclusions:Overweight was equally distributed among children; findings were mixed for ethnicity and wealth, whereas education was a protective factor among adult women. There is an urgent need to address the deep inequalities in undernutrition and prevent the emerging inequalities in excess weight from developing further.
A machine-learning history of English caselaw and legal ideas prior to the Industrial Revolution II: applications
Authors: Grajzl Peter , Murrell Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis is the second of two papers that generate and analyze quantitative estimates of the development of English caselaw and associated legal ideas before the Industrial Revolution. In the first paper, we estimated a 100-topic structural topic model, named the topics, and showed how to interpret topic-prevalence timelines. Here, we provide examples of new insights that can be gained from these estimates. We first provide a bird's-eye view, aggregating the topics into 15 themes. Procedure is the highest-prevalence theme, but by the mid-18th century attention to procedure decreases sharply, indicating solidification of court institutions. Important ideas on real-property were substantially settled by the mid-17th century and on contracts and torts by the mid-18th century. Thus, crucial elements of caselaw developed before the Industrial Revolution. We then examine the legal ideas associated with England's financial revolution. Many new legal ideas relevant to finance were well accepted before the Glorious Revolution. Finally, we examine the sources of law used in the courts. Emphasis on precedent-based reasoning increases by 1650, but diffusion was gradual, with pertinent ideas solidifying only after 1700. Ideas on statute applicability were accepted by the mid-16th century but debates on legislative intent were still occurring in 1750.
A novel institution: the Zollverein and the origins of the customs union
Authors: Ploeckl Florian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTheZollverein, the outcome of sequential negotiations between Prussia and other sovereign German states in 1834, was the first international customs union, the template for modern ones such as the European Union. This paper applies a bargaining model to analyse the logic behind the creation of this novel institutional form and the choice of sequential rather than multilateral negotiations. The existence of negative coalition externalities, the effects of new coalitions on non-participants, led the agenda setter, Prussia, to choose sequential over multilateral negotiations as that lowered the membership reservation prices of the other states involved. Institutionally, the features of a customs union structure provided a higher payoff for the agenda setter than capturing the welfare gains from the differential tariff setting in a free trade agreement, explaining the emergence of this novel institutional structure on an international scale.
Emergency Management of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries
Authors: Abdul Azeez Mohammed Maan , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Alcala-Cerra Gabriel , García-Ballestas Ezequiel , Bustos-Salazar Diego , Satyarthee Guru Dutta , Agrawal Amit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpinal cord trauma constitutes one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in young adults around the world, with an estimated 2 to 3 new cases for every 100,000 population. Road traffic accidents, falls from high heights, sports injuries, and violent actions are common causes of spinal cord injuries. There is no “gold standard” for the diagnosis of spinal cord traumatic injuries; however, the rational use of conventional radiologic test, computed tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will allow to identify almost all clinically relevant injuries. MRI is recommended according to surgeon’s criteria, who after evaluating the specific characteristics of the injury will determine its usefulness. Therapeutic strategies need to be directed to maintain airway, breathing and circulation, maintenance of mean arterial pressure prevention of hypotension, and assessment of other associated injuries. Intensive treatment must be focused on the prevention and management of ventilatory and cardiovascular abnormalities related to muscle weakness and loss of autonomic innervation.