bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial heterogeneities of human-mediated dispersal vectors accelerate the range expansion of invaders with source–destination-mediated dispersal
Authors: Takahashi Daisuke , Park Young-Seuk 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRapid range expansions of invasive species are a major threat to ecosystems. Understanding how invasive species increase their habitat ranges and how environmental factors, including intensity of human activities, influence dispersal processes is an important issue in invasion biology, especially for invasive species management. We have investigated how spatially heterogeneous factors influence range expansion of an invasive species by focusing on long-distance dispersal, which is frequently assisted by human activities. We have developed models varying two underlying processes of a dispersal event. These events are described by source and destination functions that determine spatial variations in dispersal frequency and the probability of being a dispersal destination. Using these models, we investigated how spatially heterogeneous long-distance dispersal influences range expansion. We found that: (1) spatial variations in the destination function slow down late population dynamics, (2) spatial variations in the source function increase the stochasticity of early population dynamics, and (3) the speed of early population dynamics changes when both the source and the destination functions are spatially heterogeneous and positively correlated. These results suggest an importance of spatial heterogeneity factors in controlling long-distance dispersal when predicting the future spread of invasive species.
Association of genetically predicted blood sucrose with coronary heart disease and its risk factors in Mendelian randomization
Authors: Zhang Ting , Au Yeung Shiu Lun , Schooling C. Mary 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe assessed the associations of genetically instrumented blood sucrose with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its risk factors (i.e., type 2 diabetes, adiposity, blood pressure, lipids, and glycaemic traits), using two-sample Mendelian randomization. We used blood fructose as a validation exposure. Dental caries was a positive control outcome. We selected genetic variants strongly (P < 5 × 10–6) associated with blood sucrose or fructose as instrumental variables and applied them to summary statistics from the largest available genome-wide association studies of the outcomes. Inverse-variance weighting was used as main analysis. Sensitivity analyses included weighted median, MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO. Genetically higher blood sucrose was positively associated with the control outcome, dental caries (odds ratio [OR] 1.04 per log10 transformed effect size [median-normalized standard deviation] increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.002–1.08, P = 0.04), but this association did not withstand allowing for multiple testing. The estimate for blood fructose was in the same direction. Genetically instrumented blood sucrose was not clearly associated with CHD (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.997–1.02, P = 0.14), nor with its risk factors. Findings were similar for blood fructose. Our study found some evidence of the expected detrimental effect of sucrose on dental caries but no effect on CHD. Given a small effect on CHD cannot be excluded, further investigation with stronger genetic predictors is required.
Uncovering topographically hidden features in 2D MoSe2 with correlated potential and optical nanoprobes
Authors: Moore David , Jo Kiyoung , Nguyen Christine , Lou Jun , Muratore Christopher , Jariwala Deep , Glavin Nicholas R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDeveloping characterization strategies to better understand nanoscale features in two-dimensional nanomaterials is of crucial importance, as the properties of these materials are many times driven by nanoscale and microscale chemical and structural modifications within the material. For the case of large area monolayer MoSe2 flakes, kelvin probe force microscopy coupled with tip-enhanced photoluminescence was utilized to evaluate such features including internal grain boundaries, edge effects, bilayer contributions, and effects of oxidation/aging, many of which are invisible to topographical mapping. A reduction in surface potential due to n-type behavior was observed at the edge of the flakes as well as near grain boundaries. Potential phase mapping, which corresponds to the local dielectric constant, depicted local biexciton and trion states in optically-active regions of interest such as grain boundaries. Finally, nanoscale surface potential and photoluminescence mapping was performed at several stages of oxidation, revealing that various oxidative states can be evaluated during the aging process. Importantly, all of the characterization performed in this study was non-destructive and rapid, crucial for quality evaluation of an exciting class of two-dimensional nanomaterials.
A validated lineage-derived somatic truth data set enables benchmarking in cancer genome analysis
Authors: Shand Megan , Soto Jose , Lichtenstein Lee , Benjamin David , Farjoun Yossi , Brody Yehuda , Maruvka Yosef , Blainey Paul C. , Banks Eric 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExisting cancer benchmark data sets for human sequencing data use germline variants, synthetic methods, or expensive validations, none of which are satisfactory for providing a large collection of true somatic variation across a whole genome. Here we propose a data set, Lineage derived Somatic Truth (LinST), of short somatic mutations in the HT115 colon cancer cell-line, that are validated using a known cell lineage that includes thousands of mutations and a high confidence region covering 2.7 gigabases per sample.
Renin–angiotensin system impairs macrophage lipid metabolism to promote age-related macular degeneration in mouse models
Authors: Nagai Norihiro , Kawashima Hirohiko , Toda Eriko , Homma Kohei , Osada Hideto , Guzman Naymel A. , Shibata Shinsuke , Uchiyama Yasuo , Okano Hideyuki , Tsubota Kazuo , Ozawa Yoko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMetabolic syndrome, a condition involving obesity and hypertension, increases the risk of aging-associated diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we demonstrated that high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice accumulated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in macrophages through the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). The ox-LDL-loaded macrophages were responsible for visual impairment in HFD mice along with a disorder of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is required for photoreceptor outer segment renewal. RAS repressed ELAVL1, which reduced PPARγ, impeding ABCA1 induction to levels that are sufficient to excrete overloaded cholesterol within the macrophages. The ox-LDL-loaded macrophages expressed inflammatory cytokines and attacked the RPE. An antihypertensive drug, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker, resolved the decompensation of lipid metabolism in the macrophages and reversed the RPE condition and visual function in HFD mice. AT1R signaling could be a future therapeutic target for macrophage-associated aging diseases, such as AMD.
Enhancement of electromagnetic interference shielding from the synergism between Cu@Ni nanorods and carbon materials in flexible composite films
Authors: Li Ruosong , Wang Shuai , Bai Peiwei , Fan Bingbing , Zhao Biao , Zhang Rui 
Published: December 2020

A series of composite films containing poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), carbon nanotubes, graphene and bimetallic nanorods, in which copper was wrapped with nickel (Cu@Ni), were fabricated via solution casting and compression molding.
Bortezomib limits renal allograft interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting NF-κB/TNF-α/Akt/mTOR/P70S6K/Smurf2 pathway via IκBα protein stabilization
Authors: Suo Chuanjian , Gui Zeping , Wang Zijie , Zhou Jiajun , Zheng Ming , Chen Hao , Fei Shuang , Gu Min , Tan Ruoyun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chronic allograft dysfunction is a major cause of late graft failure after kidney transplantation. One of the histological changes is interstitial fibrosis, which is associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Bortezomib has been reported to prevent the progression of fibrosis in organs. We used rat renal transplantation model and human kidney 2 cell line treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to examine their response to bortezomib. To explore the mechanism behind it, we assessed the previously studied TNF-α/protein kinase B (Akt)/Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2) signaling and performed RNA sequencing. Our results suggested that bortezomib could attenuate the TNF-α-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition and renal allograft interstitial fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. In addition to blocking Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6 kinase/Smurf2 signaling, bortezomib’s effect on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition was associated with inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway by stabilizing inhibitor of NF-κB. The study highlighted the therapeutic potential of bortezomib on renal allograft interstitial fibrosis. Such an effect may result from inhibition of NF-κB/TNF-α/Akt/mTOR/p70S6 kinase/Smurf2 signaling via stabilizing protein of inhibitor of NF-κB.
Validation of Articulatory Rate and Imprecision Judgments in Speech of Individuals With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Waito Ashley A. , Wehbe Farah , Marzouqah Reeman , Barnett Carolina , Shellikeri Sanjana , Cui Cindy , Abrahao Agessandro , Zinman Lorne , Green Jordan R. , Yunusova Yana 
Published: December 2020

PurposePerceptual judgments of articulatory function are commonly used by speech-language pathologists to evaluate articulatory performance in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The goal of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties (e.g., reliability, validity) of these perceptual measures to inform their application as part of a comprehensive bulbar assessment tool in ALS.MethodPreexisting data from 51 individuals with ALS were obtained from a larger longitudinal study. Five independent raters provided perceptual judgments of articulatory rate and imprecision in a sentence task. Inter- and intrarater reliability of these judgments were assessed. Perceptual ratings were correlated with an acoustic measure of articulatory rate, in syllables per second, obtained from passage-reading recordings. Both perceptual and acoustic measures were correlated with gold-standard kinematic tongue and jaw movement measures, recorded from sentences using electromagnetic articulography.ResultsThe results revealed good inter- and intrarater reliability of perceptual judgments of articulatory function. Strong correlations were observed between perceptual ratings of articulatory rate and imprecision and acoustic measures of articulatory rate and kinematic measures of tongue speed.ConclusionsThese findings support the clinical application of perceptual judgments of articulatory function as valid and reliable measures of underlying articulatory changes in bulbar ALS. Additional research is needed to understand the responsiveness of these measures to clinical changes in articulatory function in ALS.
Robustly coordinated operational scheduling of a grid‐connected seaport microgrid under uncertainties
Authors: Hein Kyaw , Xu Yan , Gary Wilson , Gupta Amit Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe modern seaport system is becoming more electrified by integrating energy storage system, offshore renewable energy sources (RESs), and shore‐to‐ship power supply system. The energy management and operational scheduling aim to maximise the profit gain by transacting energy with the main grid, reduce the operation cost while minimising the emission at seaport territory. This work proposes a robustly coordinated operational scheduling method of a seaport microgrid as a grid‐integrated energy hub under uncertain renewable energy sources power output and load demand. In the day‐ahead operation planning, generators, unit commitment and shore‐to‐ship load schedules are optimised. To address the uncertainty in the renewable energy sources, the day‐ahead operation planning is modelled as a two‐stage robust optimisation model with conflicting objectives and solved with the column and constraints generation algorithm. These results are used as input parameters for the hour‐ahead generation scheduling in the following day. With uncertainty realisation, a shorter time horizon with higher time resolution deterministic optimisation is carried out for the generation dispatch. The proposed method is verified with the IEEE‐33 bus distribution network with different uncertainties sets. The simulation results have verified the robustness and effectiveness of the method in dealing with uncertainties. Coordination between day‐ahead and hour‐ahead not only improves the accuracy and performance of the final dispatch result but also meets the distribution network constraints at generation and load buses.
Sharing reserves through HVDC: Potential cost savings in the Nordic countries
Authors: Tosatto Andrea , Dijokas Matas , Weckesser Tilman , Chatzivasileiadis Spyros , Eriksson Robert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDuring summer 2018, the Nordic system's kinetic energy dropped below a critical level. As a consequence, Svenska kraftnät, the Swedish transmission system operator, requested the largest production unit to reduce its power output to guarantee system's security. This action resulted in a deviation from the generation dispatch determined by the market and in high costs for the Nordic transmission system operators. In this regard, this paper presents a tool for comparing mitigation strategies from an economic point of view and evaluates potential economic benefits of utilizing the emergency power control functionality of high‐voltage direct current lines for the provision of fast reserves as a compliment to frequency containment reserves. Moreover, the analysis is extended to the years 2020 and 2025 using inertia estimations from the Nordic transmission system operators. The findings of the paper suggest that the frequency of redispatching actions will increase in the future and that the cost of security for Nordic transmission system operators could be reduced by 70% if high‐voltage direct current links are used for frequency support.
Energy recovery strategy for regenerative braking system of intelligent four‐wheel independent drive electric vehicles
Authors: Li Liang , Ping Xianyao , Shi Jialei , Wang Xiangyu , Wu Xiuheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRegenerative braking system can recovery energy in various electric vehicles. Considering large computation load of global optimization methods, most researches adopt instantaneous or local algorithms to optimize the recuperation energy, and incline to study straight deceleration processes. However, uncertain drivers' intentions limit the potential exploration of economy improvement, and simple test conditions do not reflect the complexity of actual driving cycles. Herein, an innovative control architecture is designed for intelligent vehicles to overcome these challenges to some extent. Compared with traditional vehicles, driverless ones would eliminate drivers' interferences, and have more freedoms to optimize energy recovery, route tracking and dynamics stability. Specifically, a series regenerative braking system is designed, and then a three‐level control architecture is first proposed to coordinate three performances. In the top layer, some rules with maximum recuperation energy is exploited off‐line for optimising the velocity and control commands on‐line. In the middle layer, local algorithm is used to track the commands and complex routes for optimal energy from a global perspective. In the bottom layer, hydraulic and regenerative toques are allocated. Tests are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design and control schemes.
Validation of the IRI‐2016 model with Indian NavIC data for future navigation applications
Authors: Devireddy Kavitha , Narsetty Santhosh , Ramavath Anil Kumar , Perumalla Naveen Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe position accuracy of Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) system is affected by several sources of errors. Among them, the Ionospheric Time Delay (ITD) error is the most predominant one which depends upon the total electron content (TEC) present in the ionosphere. The ITD variations are more intense over low latitude regions due to the equatorial anomaly effects. Hence, modelling of ITD error is necessary. The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI)‐2016 model is one of the standard global ionospheric models to estimate the Vertical TEC (VTEC). This paper discusses about the VTEC deviations due to the IRI‐2016 model over low latitude Hyderabad station, Indian region using NavIC, Global Positioning System and Global Navigation Satellite System signals at corresponding Ionospheric Pierce Point latitude and longitudes for all months and various Kp indices during the low solar activity year 2017. In this work, cross correlation coefficient, the metric norm (L2N), Symmetric Kullbacke Leibler Distance metrics are used to evaluate the performance of IRI‐2016 model TEC with NavIC, GPS and GLONASS data. From the results, it is found that TEC predicted by the IRI‐2016 model produced smaller estimation errors with NavIC data over Indian region. The obtained results will be helpful for future updates of IRI model.
L’effet de la retraite sur la santé
Authors: Garrouste Clémentine , Perdrix Elsa 
Published: December 2020

Un système de retraite financé par répartition requiert l’équilibre entre la population qui contribue aux prestations et celle qui en bénéficie. Or, dans la plupart des pays occidentaux, le nombre de personnes âgées (bénéficiaires) augmente plus vite que le nombre d’actifs (contributeurs). Cette constatation a incité les différents gouvernements à mettre en place des réformes visant à augmenter l’âge de départ à la retraite afin d’inverser cette tendance. L’étude des effets de ces réformes sur la santé présente un double intérêt du point de vue de la politique publique. En effet, la pénibilité ou les risques pris dans certaines professions peuvent être à l’origine de coûts en termes de santé, qui peuvent être accentués par un allongement de la durée de carrière. Il semble donc essentiel de mesurer les répercussions sociales de telles réformes et d’avoir une idée précise de leurs effets sur les inégalités de santé. Ces réformes allongeant la durée de vie travaillée pourraient également avoir un impact sur les dépenses de santé, avec le basculement des coûts de la branche retraite vers la branche maladie du système de sécurité sociale, ce qui en conséquence atténuerait les bénéfices attendus de ces réformes. Les études épidémiologiques révèlent l’existence d’une corrélation négative entre retraite et santé (être à la retraite est associé à une moins bonne santé). Pour autant, il est difficile d’en déduire que partir à la retraite détériore l’état de santé. En effet, certains individus restent plus longtemps en emploi, justement parce que leur état de santé le leur permet. Dans cette revue, nous présentons une analyse comparée des résultats obtenus dans la littérature, en nous focalisant sur l’effet causal de la retraite sur la santé, et non l’inverse (→). Nous distinguons ainsi trois éléments : le départ à la retraite, c’est-à-dire la transition entre l’emploi et la retraite ; l’allongement de l’âge de départ à la retraite ; et la réduction de l’âge de départ à la retraite. Nous examinerons ainsi les mécanismes pouvant expliquer le lien entre retraite et santé et détaillerons les outils permettant d’en identifier l’effet causal. Nous présenterons ensuite les résultats empiriques (ou observationnels) issus d’études examinant ce lien de causalité.
(→) Voir le Forum de T. Barnay, m/s n° 10, octobre 2016, page 889
Emergency Ocular Ultrasound – Common Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Emergencies Diagnosed with Bedside Ultrasound
Authors: Hoffmann Beatrice , Schafer Jesse M. , Dietrich Christoph F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPoint-of-care ocular ultrasound (POCOUS) in the ambulatory and critical care setting has become an invaluable diagnostic tool for patients presenting with traumatic or atraumatic vision and ocular complaints. Sonographic bedside evaluation is intuitive and easy to perform and can accurately diagnose a variety of pathologies. These include detachment or hemorrhage of the retina or vitreous, lens dislocation, retrobulbar hematoma or air, as well as ocular foreign bodies, infections, tumors, and increased optic nerve sheath diameter that can be assessed in the setting of suspected increased intracranial pressure. The ocular anatomy is easy to visualize with sonography, as the eye is a superficial structure filled with fluid. Over the last two decades, a large number of scientific publications have documented that POCOUS in emergent or critical care settings is an accurate diagnostic tool and expands and improves emergency diagnosis and management. This article will review POCOUS exam techniques as well as normal sonographic findings and common pathologies.
Regulierung der Prostitution in Deutschland seit den 1980er-Jahren: Ein Schritt vor und zwei Schritte zurück?
Authors: Steffan Elfriede 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Kommentar skizziert die Entwicklung der Regulierung von Prostitution in Deutschland seit den 1980er-Jahren. Er geht auf das 2001 eingeführte Infektionsschutzgesetz (IfSG), das 2002 eingeführte Prostitutionsgesetz (ProstG) sowie auf das 2017 in Kraft getretene Prostituiertenschutzgesetz (ProstSchG) ein und erklärt, welche politischen Positionen hinter der Regulierung stehen. Zudem werden die Auswirkungen der Gesetzgebung auf die Sexarbeiter*innen kritisch beurteilt.
CT- und MRT-Bildgebung in der Rhythmologie
Authors: Halbfaß Philipp , Foldyna Borek , Lehmkuhl Lukas , Nentwich Karin , Sonne Kai , Ene Elena , Berkovitz Artur , Deneke Thomas 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Anwendung bildgebender Verfahren gewinnt in der interventionellen Elektrophysiologie entgegen der geringen Beachtung in den aktuell geltenden nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien zur Behandlung von Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern und ventrikulären Tachykardien auch über die reine Diagnostik zugrunde liegender struktureller Herzerkrankungen hinaus immer mehr an Bedeutung. Die breite Anwendung der Computertomografie (CT) und der Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) ergibt sich aus den spezifischen Möglichkeiten dieser bildgebenden Techniken heraus: Gewebecharakterisierung des Myokards auf Vorhof- und Kammerebene mit präziser Darstellung von Infarktnarben, Grenzzonen und vitalem Myokard (MRT inklusive Late-Gadolinium-Enhancement-Darstellung); hochauflösende Darstellung wichtiger anatomischer Strukturen inklusive der Koronararterien und präzise Identifizierung von kritischer ventrikulärer Wandausdünnung im Infarktareal (CT); Identifizierung potenzieller Komplikationen nach
Vorhofflimmerablation (Pulmonalvenenstenosen, Ösophagusruptur oder -fistel). Stärken und Schwächen sowie mögliche relative und absolute Kontraindikationen bei der Anwendung dieser beiden Methoden müssen jedoch berücksichtigt werden. Generell kann die Anwendung bildgebender Verfahren insbesondere für die Therapieplanung und -steuerung als wertvolle Ergänzung mit der Möglichkeit der Steigerung von Effektivität und Sicherheit gesehen werden. Prospektive randomisierte Studien liegen jedoch zu wichtigen aktuellen Anwendungsbereichen der CT und MRT noch nicht vor. Wichtigste Grundlage der interventionellen Elektrophysiologie in der Therapie supraventrikulärer und ventrikulärer Arrhythmien wird noch auf lange Sicht die Anwendung klassischer elektrophysiologischer Manöver und Strategien sowie die Verwendung sich immer weiter entwickelnder elektroanatomischer Mappingsysteme bleiben.