bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Mali: what are the determinants?
Authors: Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Agbaglo Ebenezer , Nyaaba Albert Apotele 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Existing evidence suggests that there has been a surge of overweight and obesity in low- and middle-income countries around the world. In this study we investigated the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among women in Mali.

Methods
We conducted the study among 5198 women using the 2018 Mali Demographic and Health Survey data. We used binary logistic regression for the analysis and pegged statistical significance at p&lt;0.05.

Results
The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 26.9%. The likelihood of overweight and obesity was high among women 40–44 y of age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.94 [confidence interval {CI} 4.10 to 8.60]), those who were widowed/divorced/separated (AOR 1.59 [CI 1.04 to 2.43]), those with secondary education (AOR 1.41 [CI 1.13 to 1.75]), richest women (AOR 3.61 [CI 2.63 to 4.95]), those who watched television at least once a week (AOR 1.28 [CI 1.07 to 1.52]) and those who lived in the Kidal region (AOR 10.71 [CI 7.05 to 16.25]). Conversely, the likelihood of overweight and obesity was low among women who belonged to other religions compared with Muslims (AOR 0.63 [CI 0.43 to 0.92]).

Conclusions
This study found a predominance of overweight and obesity among women in Mali. The study showed that age, marital status, education, religion, region of residence, wealth status and frequency of watching television are associated with overweight and obesity among women in Mali. It is therefore critical for public health promotion programs in Mali to sensitize people to the negative effects associated with overweight and obesity. This implies that policies aimed at controlling overweight and obesity in Mali must take these factors into consideration.
Missed Diagnosis of Epilepsy-Associated Scald Burns: Two Cases Initially Diagnosed as Bullous Dermatosis
Authors: Giraud-Kerleroux Laura , Charpentier Chloé , Bernigaud Charlotte , Ortonne Nicolas , Hua Camille , Gaudron Sophie , Nguyen Quang Tuan Rémy , Chosidow Olivier , Wolkenstein Pierre , Ingen-Housz-Oro Saskia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Thermal burns can occur during seizure. This diagnosis can be difficult in case of atypical lesions, even more if the epilepsy is unknown and in case of seizures with loss of consciousness and/or an unwitnessed epileptic attack. We report two cases of cutaneous bullous lesions initially misdiagnosed as severe acute cutaneous adverse reactions (generalized bullous fixed drug eruption and Stevens–Johnson syndrome). In the two cases, the clinical aspect, necrotic evolution, and absence of obvious attributable medication allowed to revert to the diagnosis of burns due to boiling water revealing previously unknown epilepsy. For both, surgical management with skin graft was performed, and antiepileptic treatment was introduced. Facing unexplained burns, occult epilepsy should be investigated. Questioning of patient and relatives is crucial.
The Borders of the Occupied Palestinian Territory are Determined by Customary Law
Authors: Pertile Marco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In her request pursuant to Article 19(3) of the ICC Statute for a ruling on the territorial jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in Palestine, the Prosecutor of the ICC took the view that the Occupied Palestinian Territory corresponds to the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and Gaza. The article discusses this finding from a twofold perspective. First, it investigates the actual existence of an international consensus on the borders of the Palestinian territory. Subsequently, it addresses the qualification of such consensus in the system of the sources of international law. Putting the elements analysed by the Prosecutor more clearly into relation with the statements expressed by states individually and within regional groupings, the author finds that her position is accurate. The article then shows that the existing consensus on the borders can be qualified as evidence of a procedural customary rule implementing the right to self-determination of the Palestinian people. In this regard, the ICC may thus exercise its jurisdiction.
Testing for Regime Changes in Portfolios with a Large Number of Assets: A Robust Approach to Factor Heteroskedasticity
Authors: Massacci Daniele 
Published: October 2020

abstractWe develop a new test for threshold-type regime changes in the risk exposures in portfolios with a large number of financial assets whose returns exhibit an approximate factor structure. Unlike existing procedures to detect discrete shifts in factor models, our test is robust to regime-specific second moment of the common factors. We rely on an auxiliary threshold regression: we take a weighted cross-sectional average of the cross-sectional units; we estimate the factors from the original model under the null hypothesis of no regime changes; we construct a Lagrange multiplier statistic to test for threshold effect in the auxiliary regression. Numerical results show the good finite sample properties of our procedure. The empirical analysis uncovers the dynamics of portfolio weights and diversification benefits in factor mimicking portfolios across different regimes.
Broad-band radio polarimetry of disc galaxies and AGN with KAT-7
Authors: Legodi L S , Taylor A R , Stil J M 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We report broad-band (1.2–1.9 GHz) radio continuum observations at arcminute resolutions of two nearby disc galaxies, NGC 1808 and NGC 1097, and four active galactic nuclei (AGN)-powered radio sources: PKS B1934−638, PKS B0407−658, J0240−231, and J0538−440. We use rotation measure synthesis to analyse their Faraday complexity. Observations were made with the seven-dish Karoo Array Telescope (KAT-7) radio telescope array, in South Africa. The AGN-powered sources fall into two ‘Faraday’ categories – simple and complex. The most polarized sources, J0538−440 and J0240−231, are found to have complex Faraday spectra that can be time variable (J0538−440 case) and also indicative of complex Faraday emitting and rotating components along the line of sight. PKS B0407−658 shows a simple Faraday spectrum, while PKS B1934−638 is undetected in polarization. The disc galaxies are classified as complex, albeit at low signal-to-noise ratio. This may indicate depolarization due to turbulence of the magnetized plasma in the bar and circumnuclear regions and/or frequency-dependent depolarization at L band.
Identifying solar-like magnetic cycles with Zeeman-Doppler-Imaging
Authors: Lehmann L T , Hussain G A J , Vidotto A A , Jardine M M , Mackay D H 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We are reaching the point where spectropolarimetric surveys have run for long enough to reveal solar-like magnetic activity cycles. In this paper, we investigate what would be the best strategy to identify solar-like magnetic cycles and ask which large-scale magnetic field parameters best follow a solar-type magnetic cycle and are observable with the Zeeman-Doppler-Imaging (ZDI) technique. We approach these questions using the 3D non-potential flux transport simulations of Yeates & Mackay (2012) modelling the solar vector magnetic field over 15 yr (centred on solar cycle 23). The flux emergence profile was extracted from solar synoptic maps and used as input for a photospheric flux transport model in combination with a non-potential coronal evolution model. We synthesize spectropolarimetric data from the simulated maps and reconstruct them using ZDI. The ZDI observed solar cycle is set into the context of other cool star observations and we present observable trends of the magnetic field topology with time, sunspot number, and S-index. We find that the axisymmetric energy fraction is the best parameter of the ZDI detectable large-scale field to trace solar-like cycles. Neither the surface averaged large-scale field or the total magnetic energy is appropriate. ZDI seems also to be able to recover the increase of the toroidal energy with S-index. We see further that ZDI might unveil hints of the dynamo modes that are operating and of the global properties of the small-scale flux emergence like active latitudes.
Search for globular clusters associated with the Milky Way dwarf galaxies using Gaia DR2
Authors: Huang Kuan-Wei , Koposov Sergey E 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the result of searching for globular clusters (GCs) around 55 Milky Way (MW) satellite dwarf galaxies within the distance of 450 kpc from the Galactic Centre except for the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds and the Sagittarius dwarf. For each dwarf, we analyse the stellar distribution of sources in Gaia DR2, selected by magnitude, proper motion, and source morphology. Using the kernel density estimation of stellar number counts, we identify 11 possible GC candidates. Cross-matched with existing imaging data, all 11 objects are known either GCs or galaxies and only Fornax GC 1–6 among them are associated with the targeted dwarf galaxy. Using simulated GCs, we calculate the GC detection limit $M_{\rm V}^{\rm lim}$ that spans the range from $M_{\rm V}^{\rm lim}\sim -7$ for distant dwarfs to $M_{\rm V}^{\rm lim}\sim 0$ for nearby systems. Assuming a Gaussian GC luminosity function, we compute that the completeness of the GC search is above 90 per cent for most dwarf galaxies. We construct the 90 per cent credible intervals/upper limits on the GC specific frequency SN of the MW dwarf galaxies: 12 &lt; SN &lt; 47 for Fornax, SN &lt; 20 for the dwarfs with −12 &lt; MV &lt; −10, SN &lt; 30 for the dwarfs with −10 &lt; MV &lt; −7, and SN &lt; 90 for the dwarfs with MV &gt; −7. Based on SN, we derive the probability of galaxies hosting GCs given their luminosity, finding that the probability of galaxies fainter than MV = −9 to host GCs is lower than 0.1.
Is PSR J0855−4644 responsible for the 1.4 TeV electron spectral bump hinted by DAMPE?
Authors: Bao Yiwei , Chen Yang , Liu Siming 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
DAMPE observation on the cosmic ray electron spectrum hints a narrow excess at ∼1.4 TeV. Although the excess can be ascribed to dark matter particles, pulsars and pulsar wind nebulae are believed to be more natural astrophysical origins: electrons injected from nearby pulsars at their early ages can form a bump-like feature in the spectrum due to radiative energy losses. In this paper, with a survey of nearby pulsars, we filter out four pulsars that may have notable contributions to ∼1.4 TeV cosmic ray electrons. Among them, PSR J0855−4644 has a spin-down luminosity more than 50 times higher than others and presumably dominates the electron fluxes from them. X-ray observations on the inner compact part (which may represent a tunnel for the transport of electrons from the pulsar) of PWN G267.0−01.0 are then used to constrain the spectral index of high-energy electrons injected by the pulsar. We show that high-energy electrons released by PSR J0855−4644 could indeed reproduce the 1.4 TeV spectral feature hinted by the DAMPE with reasonable parameters.
Black hole spin in X-ray binaries: giving uncertainties an f
Authors: Salvesen Greg , Miller Jonah M 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The two established techniques for measuring black hole spin in X-ray binaries often yield conflicting results, which must be resolved before either method may be deemed robust. In practice, black hole spin measurements based on fitting the accretion disc continuum effectively do not marginalize over the colour-correction factor fcol. This factor parametrizes spectral hardening of the disc continuum by the disc atmosphere, whose true properties are poorly constrained. We incorporate reasonable systematic uncertainties in fcol into the eight (non-maximal) black hole spin measurements vetted by the disc continuum fitting community. In most cases, an fcol uncertainty of ±0.2–0.3 dominates the black hole spin error budget. We go on to demonstrate that plausible departures in fcol values from those adopted by the disc continuum fitting practitioners can bring the discrepant black hole spins into agreement with those from iron line modelling. Systematic uncertainties in fcol, such as the effects of strong magnetization, should be better understood before dismissing their potentially dominant impact on the black hole spin error budget.
Convective H–He interactions in massive population III stellar evolution models
Authors: Clarkson O , Herwig F 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
In Pop III stellar models, convection-induced mixing between H- and He-rich burning layers can induce a burst of nuclear energy and thereby substantially alter the subsequent evolution and nucleosynthesis in the first massive stars. We investigate H–He shell and core interactions in 26 stellar evolution simulations with masses 15–140, M⊙, using five sets of mixing assumptions. In 22 cases H–He interactions induce local nuclear energy release in the range $\sim 10^{9}\!-\!10^{13.5}\, \mathrm{L}_{\odot }$. The luminosities on the upper end of this range amount to a substantial fraction of the layer’s internal energy over a convective advection time-scale, indicating a dynamic stellar response that would violate 1D stellar evolution modelling assumptions. We distinguish four types of H–He interactions depending on the evolutionary phase and convective stability of the He-rich material. H-burning conditions during H–He interactions give 12C/13C ratios between ≈ 1.5 to ∼1000 and [C/N] ratios from ≈ −2.3 to ≈ 3 with a correlation that agrees well with observations of CEMP (carbon-enhanced metal-poor) no stars. We also explore Ca production from hot CNO breakout and find the simulations presented here likely cannot explain the observed Ca abundance in the most Ca-poor CEMP-no star. We describe the evolution leading to H–He interactions, which occur during or shortly after core-contraction phases. Three simulations without an H–He interaction are computed to Fe-core infall and a $140\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ simulation becomes pair unstable. We also discuss present modelling limitations and the need for 3D hydrodynamic models to fully understand these stellar evolutionary phases.
EPIC 216747137: a new HW Vir eclipsing binary with a massive sdOB primary and a low-mass M-dwarf companion
Authors: Silvotti R , Schaffenroth V , Heber U , Østensen R H , Telting J H , Vos J , Kilkenny D , Mancini L , Ciceri S , Irrgang A , Drechsel H 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
EPIC 216747137 is a new HW Virginis system discovered by the Kepler spacecraft during its K2 ‘second life’. Like the other HW Vir systems, EPIC 216747137 is a post-common-envelope eclipsing binary consisting of a hot subluminous star and a cool low-mass companion. The short orbital period of 3.87 h produces a strong reflection effect from the secondary (∼9 per cent in the R band). Together with AA Dor and V1828 Aql, EPIC 216747137 belongs to a small subgroup of HW Vir systems with a hot evolved sdOB primary. We find the following atmospheric parameters for the hot component: Teff = 40400 ± 1000 K, log g = 5.56 ± 0.06, and log(N(He)/N(H)) = −2.59 ± 0.05. The sdOB rotational velocity v sin  i = 51 ± 10 km s−1 implies that the stellar rotation is slower than the orbital revolution and the system is not synchronized. When we combine photometric and spectroscopic results with the Gaia parallax, the best solution for the system corresponds to a primary with a mass of about 0.62 M⊙ close to, and likely beyond, the central helium exhaustion, while the cool M-dwarf companion has a mass of about 0.11 M⊙.
Renal transplant outcomes in amyloidosis
Authors: Law Steven , Cohen Oliver , Lachmann Helen J , Rezk Tamer , Gilbertson Janet A , Rowczenio Dorota , Wechalekar Ashutosh D , Hawkins Philip N , Motallebzadeh Reza , Gillmore Julian D 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundOutcomes after renal transplantation have traditionally been poor in systemic amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis and systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis, with high mortality and frequent recurrent disease. We sought to compare outcomes with matched transplant recipients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and diabetic nephropathy (DN), and identify factors predictive of outcomes.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of 51 systemic AL and 48 systemic AA amyloidosis patients undergoing renal transplantation. Matched groups were generated by propensity score matching. Patient and death-censored allograft survival were compared via Kaplan–Meier survival analyses, and assessment of clinicopathological features predicting outcomes via Cox proportional hazard analyses.ResultsOne-, 5- and 10-year death-censored unadjusted graft survival was, respectively, 94, 91 and 78% for AA amyloidosis, and 98, 93 and 93% for AL amyloidosis; median patient survival was 13.1 and 7.9 years, respectively. Patient survival in AL and AA amyloidosis was comparable to DN, but poorer than ADPKD [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.12 and 3.09, respectively; P &lt; 0.001]. Death-censored allograft survival was comparable between all groups. In AL amyloidosis, mortality was predicted by interventricular septum at end diastole (IVSd) thickness &gt;12 mm (HR = 26.58; P = 0.03), while survival was predicted by haematologic response (very good partial or complete response; HR = 0.07; P = 0.018). In AA amyloidosis, recurrent amyloid was associated with elevated serum amyloid A concentration but not with outcomes.ConclusionsRenal transplantation outcomes for selected patients with AA and AL amyloidosis are comparable to those with DN. In AL amyloidosis, IVSd thickness and achievement of deep haematologic response pre-transplant profoundly impact patient survival.
An open-label, single-arm, phase II trial of buparlisib in patients with melanoma brain metastases not eligible for surgery or radiosurgery—the BUMPER study
Authors: Amaral Teresa , Niessner Heike , Sinnberg Tobias , Thomas Ioannis , Meiwes Andreas , Garbe Claus , Garzarolli Marlene , Rauschenberg Ricarda , Eigentler Thomas , Meier Friedegund 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Patients with melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) still carry a dismal prognosis. Preclinical data originated in xenograft models showed that buparlisib therapy was highly effective in therapy-naïve MBM.

Patients and Methods
In this open-label, phase II trial, we investigate the safety and efficacy of monotherapy with buparlisib, a PI3K inhibitor, in patients with asymptomatic MBM who were not candidates for local therapy. These patients had also progressed under immunotherapy if BRAF wild-type or under targeted therapy with BRAF/MEK inhibitors if carrying a BRAFV600E/K mutation. The primary endpoint was the intracranial disease control rate assessed by the investigators. The secondary endpoints were overall response rate, duration of response (DOR) of intracranial disease, overall response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), safety, and tolerability of buparlisib.

Results
A total of 20 patients were screened and 17 patients were treated with buparlisib. Twelve patients had progressed under more than 2 systemic therapy lines and 17 had received at least 1 previous local therapy. There were no intracranial responses. Three patients achieved intracranial stable disease; the median DOR was 117 days. The median PFS was 42 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23–61 days) and the median OS was 5.0 months (95% CI: 2.24–7.76 months). No new safety signs were observed.

Conclusions
Buparlisib was well tolerated but no intracranial responses were observed. These results might be explained in part by the inclusion of only heavily pretreated patients. However, preclinical data strongly support the rationale to explore PI3K inhibitor-based combinations in patients with MBM displaying hyperactivation of the PI3K–AKT pathway.
Precipitous Fall in Common Respiratory Viral Infections During COVID-19
Authors: Parry Michael F , Shah Asha K , Sestovic Merima , Salter Selma 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we were surprised to find that all other respiratory viral infections fell precipitously. The difference in respiratory viral infections during the 16-week period of our peak COVID-19 activity in 2020 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention weeks 14–29) was significantly lower than during the same period in the previous 4 years (a total of 4 infections vs an average of 138 infections; P &lt; .0001). We attribute this to widespread use of public health interventions including wearing face masks, social distancing, hand hygiene, and stay-at-home orders. As these interventions are usually ignored by the community during most influenza seasons, we anticipate that their continued use during the upcoming winter season could substantially blunt the case load of influenza and other respiratory viral infections.
Chapter 2
Authors: Glancy Mark 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Beginning with Elsie Leach’s commitment to the Bristol Lunatic Asylum, this chapter explores his mother’s medical records and the nature of her illness. It considers the idea that his father may have had his mother committed as a means of freeing himself from marriage. It also considers the impact that her disappearance had on Archie, who was told that she was dead but suspected that she had deserted him. Drawing on his own diary, from 1918, the chapter recounts his daily life at age 14, revealing that he was a frequent truant and that, while working as a backstage “runner” at Bristol’s Empire and Hippodrome theaters, he became fascinated with show business and especially music hall.
Chapter 14
Authors: Glancy Mark 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Following Elsie Leach’s release from the asylum in 1936, Cary Grant began to rebuild his relationship with his mother. In her many letters to him, she addressed him as Archie, and she urged him to visit her and hinted that she would like to visit him in Hollywood. He was reluctant to bring her to California, where he lived a life among the rich and famous, with friends including the newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst and the eccentric millionaire Howard Hughes. On screen, his reputation was enhanced when he reunited with George Cukor and Katharine Hepburn in the sophisticated comedy Holiday (1938). He also branched out, playing a very unsophisticated, Cockney soldier in the British Empire adventure film Gunga Din (1939). Although his performance is delightfully zany, and Gunga Din was an enormous success on first release, it has not aged well. The film’s racist attitudes and imperialist ideology have rendered it unpalatable for modern audiences.