bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of safety of loop ileostomy and loop transverse colostomy for low‐lying rectal cancer patients undergoing anterior resection: A retrospective, single institution, propensity score‐matched study
Authors: Sun Xiyu , Han Huiqiao , Qiu Huizhong , Wu Bin , Lin Guole , Niu Beizhan , Zhou Jiaolin , Lu Junyang , Xu Lai , Zhang Guannan , Xiao Yi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study was to compare the prevalence of stoma‐related complications and stoma reversal perioperative complications of patients with low‐lying rectal cancer who received preventative loop ileostomy and those who underwent loop transverse colostomy.MethodsThis retrospective single‐center study analyzed the clinicopathologic and surgical data of 288 patients with pathologically proven primary rectal cancer who underwent anterior resection with either preventative loop ileostomy (n = 82) or loop transverse colostomy. To achieve comparability of a propensity score matching method was used to match patients from each group in a 1:2 ratio. Determinants of stoma‐related complications were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsForty‐nine (74.3%) patients in the loop ileostomy group experienced stoma‐related complications versus 48.7% in the loop transverse colostomy group (P < 0.01). Irritant dermatitis was the most frequent complication in both groups. The loop ileostomy group had a significantly higher rate (24.24%) of stoma reversal perioperative complications than the loop transverse colostomy group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ileostomy versus loop transverse colostomy was a significant independent risk for stoma‐related complications and stoma reversal perioperative complications. Furthermore, by Clavien–Dindo classification, patients receiving loop ileostomy had an overall higher rate of complications and stoma reversal perioperative complications versus those undergoing loop transverse colostomy (P < 0.01). The rate of grade II complications was significantly higher in the loop ileostomy group (43.9%) than that of loop transverse colostomy group (13.5%, P < 0.01), whereas the rate of grade I, and grade IIIa and IIIb complications and stoma reversal perioperative complications was comparable between the two groups.ConclusionThe study has demonstrated that loop transverse colostomy is associated with significantly lower rates of stoma‐related complications and stoma reversal perioperative complications compared to loop transverse colostomy.
Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of branebrutinib (BMS‐986195), a covalent, irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase: Randomised phase I, placebo‐controlled trial in healthy participants
Authors: Catlett Ian M. , Nowak Miroslawa , Kundu Sudeep , Zheng Naiyu , Liu Ang , He Bing , Girgis Ihab G. , Grasela Dennis M. 
Published: March 2020

AimsBranebrutinib (BMS‐986195) is a potent, highly selective, oral, small‐molecule, covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). This study evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of branebrutinib in healthy participants.MethodsThis double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐ and multiple‐ascending dose (SAD; MAD) Phase I study (NCT02705989) enrolled participants into 3 parts: SAD, MAD and JMAD (MAD in first‐generation Japanese participants). In each part, participants were randomised 3:1 to receive branebrutinib (SAD: 0.3–30 mg; [J]MAD: 0.3–10 mg) or placebo. Participants in the MAD parts received branebrutinib daily for 14 days and were followed for 14 days postdosing. Safety was assessed by monitoring, laboratory and physical examinations, vital signs, and recording adverse events (AEs). Pharmacodynamics were assessed with a mass spectrometry assay that measured drug‐occupied and free BTK.ResultsThe SAD, MAD and JMAD parts of the study included 40, 32 and 24 participants. Branebrutinib was well tolerated and AEs were mild/moderate, except for 1 serious AE that led to discontinuation. Branebrutinib was rapidly absorbed, with maximum plasma concentration occurring within 1 hour and a half‐life of 1.2—1.7 hours, dropping to undetectable levels within 24 hours. BTK occupancy was rapid, with 100% occupancy reached after a single 10‐mg dose. BTK occupancy decayed predictably over time (mean half‐life in MAD panels: 115–154 hours), such that pharmacodynamic effects were maintained after branebrutinib plasma levels fell below the lower limit of quantification.ConclusionRapid and high occupancy of BTK and the lack of notable safety findings support further clinical development of branebrutinib.
Helicobacter pylori CagA oncoprotein interacts with SHIP2 to increase its delivery into gastric epithelial cells
Authors: Fujii Yumiko , Murata-Kamiya Naoko , Hatakeyama Masanori 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChronic infection with Helicobacter pylori cagA‐positive strains is causally associated with the development of gastric diseases, most notably gastric cancer. The cagA‐encoded CagA protein, which is injected into gastric epithelial cells by bacterial type IV secretion, undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation at the Glu‐Pro‐Ile‐Tyr‐Ala (EPIYA) segments (EPIYA‐A, EPIYA‐B, EPIYA‐C, and EPIYA‐D), which are present in various numbers and combinations in its C‐terminal polymorphic region, thereby enabling CagA to promiscuously interact with SH2 domain‐containing host cell proteins, including the prooncogenic SH2 domain‐containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2). Perturbation of host protein functions by aberrant complex formation with CagA has been considered to contribute to the development of gastric cancer. Here we show that SHIP2, an SH2 domain‐containing phosphatidylinositol 5′‐phosphatase, is a hitherto undiscovered CagA‐binding host protein. Similar to SHP2, SHIP2 binds to the Western CagA‐specific EPIYA‐C segment or East Asian CagA‐specific EPIYA‐D segment through the SH2 domain in a tyrosine phosphorylation‐dependent manner. In contrast to the case of SHP2, however, SHIP2 binds more strongly to EPIYA‐C than to EPIYA‐D. Interaction with CagA tethers SHIP2 to the plasma membrane, where it mediates production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4‐diphosphate [PI(3,4)P2]. The CagA‐SHIP2 interaction also potentiates the morphogenetic activity of CagA, which is caused by CagA‐deregulated SHP2. This study indicates that initially delivered CagA interacts with SHIP2 and thereby strengthens H. pylori‐host cell attachment by altering membrane phosphatidylinositol compositions, which potentiates subsequent delivery of CagA that binds to and thereby deregulates the prooncogenic phosphatase SHP2.
Brain morphological changes in hypokinetic dysarthria of Parkinson's disease and use of machine learning to predict severity
Authors: Chen Yingchuan , Zhu Guanyu , Liu Defeng , Liu Yuye , Yuan Tianshuo , Zhang Xin , Jiang Yin , Du Tingting , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundUp to 90% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) eventually develop the speech and voice disorder referred to as hypokinetic dysarthria (HD). However, the brain morphological changes associated with HD have not been investigated. Moreover, no reliable model for predicting the severity of HD based on neuroimaging has yet been developed.MethodsA total of 134 PD patients were included in this study and divided into a training set and a test set. All participants underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and neuropsychological evaluation. Individual cortical thickness, subcortical structure, and white matter volume were extracted, and their association with HD severity was analyzed. After feature selection, a machine‐learning model was established using a support vector machine in the training set. The severity of HD was then predicted in the test set.ResultsAtrophy of the right precentral cortex and the right fusiform gyrus was significantly associated with HD. No association was found between HD and volume of white matter or subcortical structures. Favorable and optimal performance of machine learning on HD severity prediction was achieved using feature selection, giving a correlation coefficient (r) of .7516 and a coefficient of determination (R2) of .5649 (P < .001).ConclusionThe brain morphological changes were associated with HD. Excellent prediction of the severity of HD was achieved using machine learning based on neuroimaging.
Pericardial hematoma mimicking pericardial abscess
Authors: Marques Ana , Fazendas Paula , João Isabel , Gomes Ana Catarina , Pereira Hélder 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA 26‐year‐old man, with human immunodeficiency virus infection, on hemodialysis, was hospitalized due to infective endocarditis. A mechanical prosthetic mitral valve was implanted. During postoperative period, he maintained signs suggestive of infection. The transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) revealed a pericardial effusion. One week later was visible a circumscribed collection compatible with a pericardial abscess. He was refused for cardiac surgery; however, inflammatory parameters elevation persisted. The TTE showed a periprosthetic mitral leak, and cardiac surgery was performed. The pericardial drainage revealed a hematoma. This case highlights the difficulty on echocardiographic differential diagnosis between a pericardial hematoma and pericardial abscess in clinical practice.
Diagnostic value of myocardial strain using two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography in acute cardiac allograft rejection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Shuangshuang , Li Meng , Tian Fangyan , Wang Shuyuan , Li Yuman , Yin Ping , Zhang Li , Xie Mingxing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTwo‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography (2D STE) has been demonstrated to have certain diagnostic utility in heart transplantation (HTX) patients with acute cardiac allograft rejection (ACAR). The aim of the systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic value of common strain parameters for ACAR in HTX patients.MethodsAfter conducting a database search, we selected studies evaluating left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS), circumferential strain (CS), radial strain (RS), and free wall right ventricular longitudinal strain (RV FW) in rejection group vs rejection‐free group.ResultsAfter reviewing 886 publications, seven studies were finally included in the meta‐analysis, representing the data of 1173 pairs of endomyocardial biopsy and echocardiographic examination. Heart transplantation patients with rejection had significantly lower GLS than rejection‐free subjects (weighted mean difference −2.32 (95% CI, −3.41 to −1.23; P < .001). Heart transplantation patients with rejection had significantly lower CS than rejection‐free subjects (weighted mean difference −2.49 (95% CI, −4.05 to −0.91; P = .0019). In addition, HTX patients with rejection also had significantly lower RV FW (weighted mean difference −4.90 (95% CI, −6.15 to −3.65; P < .001).ConclusionsThe meta‐analysis and systematic review demonstrate that myocardial strain parameters derived from 2D STE may be useful in detecting ACAR in HTX patients. The present results provide encouraging evidence to consider the routine use of GLS, CS, and RV FW as markers of graft function involvement during ACAR.
Towards oilcane: Engineering hyperaccumulation of triacylglycerol into sugarcane stems
Authors: Parajuli Saroj , Kannan Baskaran , Karan Ratna , Sanahuja Georgina , Liu Hui , Garcia‐Ruiz Eva , Kumar Deepak , Singh Vijay , Zhao Huimin , Long Stephen , Shanklin John , Altpeter Fredy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMetabolic engineering to divert carbon flux from sucrose to oil in high biomass crop like sugarcane is an emerging strategy to boost lipid yields per hectare for biodiesel production. Sugarcane stems comprise more than 70% of the crops' biomass and can accumulate sucrose in excess of 20% of their extracted juice. The energy content of oils in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) is more than twofold that of carbohydrates. Here, we report a step change in TAG accumulation in sugarcane stem tissues achieving an average of 4.3% of their dry weight (DW) in replicated greenhouse experiments by multigene engineering. The metabolic engineering included constitutive co‐expression of wrinkled1; diacylglycerol acyltransferase1‐2; cysteine‐oleosin; and ribonucleic acid interference‐suppression of sugar‐dependent1. The TAG content in leaf tissue was also elevated by more than 400‐fold compared to non‐engineered sugarcane to an average of 8.0% of the DW and the amount of total fatty acids reached about 13% of the DW. With increasing TAG accumulation an increase of 18:1 unsaturated fatty acids was observed at the expense of 16:0 and 18:0 saturated fatty acids. Total biomass accumulation, soluble lignin, Brix and juice content were significantly reduced in the TAG hyperaccumulating sugarcane lines. Overcoming this yield drag by engineering lipid accumulation into late stem development will be critical to exceed lipid yields of current oilseed crops.
Migraine Headache and Risk of Dementia in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study
Authors: George Kristen M. , Folsom Aaron R. , Sharrett A. Richey , Mosley Thomas H. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Hamedani Ali G. , Lutsey Pamela L. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the association between migraine headache and incident dementia.BackgroundMigraine is a risk factor for white matter hyperintensities and ischemic stroke, which are both associated with increased risk of dementia. However, it is unknown whether migraine is independently associated with dementia.MethodsHistory of migraine was ascertained via questionnaire. Adjudicated cases of dementia were identified using cognitive tests, neuropsychological exams, and clinician review of suspected cases. Incident dementia was identified using adjudicated cases, follow‐up calls, and surveillance of hospital and death codes. We assessed hazards of incident dementia by migraine status. Sex differences were also examined and stratified results were presented.ResultsAnalysis included 12,495 White and African American participants ages 51‐70 with a median follow‐up time of 21 years. Prevalence of dementia was 18.5% (1821/9955) among those with no migraine history, 15.8% (196/1243) among those with severe non‐migraine heading, and 16.7% (233/1397) among migraineurs. There was no association between migraine and incident dementia [hazard ratio: 1.04 (0.91, 1.20)]. There was also no statistically significant interaction between sex and migraine status on risk of dementia.ConclusionDespite evidence of brain abnormalities in migraineurs, there was no association between migraine and incident dementia in this prospective cohort.
Women's and peer supporters' experiences of an assets‐based peer support intervention for increasing breastfeeding initiation and continuation: A qualitative study
Authors: Ingram Jenny , Thomson Gill , Johnson Debbie , Clarke Joanne L. , Trickey Heather , Hoddinott Pat , Dombrowski Stephan U. , Jolly Kate ,   the ABA Study Team
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and contextBreastfeeding peer support is valued by women, but UK trials have not demonstrated efficacy. The ABA feasibility trial offered proactive peer support underpinned by behaviour change theory and an assets‐based approach to women having their first baby, regardless of feeding intention. This paper explores women's and infant feeding helpers' (IFHs) views of the different components of the ABA intervention.Setting and participantsTrained IFHs offered 50 women an antenatal meeting to discuss infant feeding and identify community assets in two English sites—one with a paid peer support service and the other volunteer‐led. Postnatally, daily contact was offered for the first 2 weeks, followed by less frequent contact until 5 months.MethodsInterviews with 21 women and focus groups/interviews with 13 IFHs were analysed using thematic and framework methods.ResultsFive themes are reported highlighting that women talked positively about the antenatal meeting, mapping their network of support, receiving proactive contact from their IFH, keeping in touch using text messaging and access to local groups. The face‐to‐face antenatal visit facilitated regular text‐based communication both in pregnancy and in the early weeks after birth. Volunteer IFHs were supportive of and enthusiastic about the intervention, whereas some of the paid IFHs disliked some intervention components and struggled with the distances to travel to participants.ConclusionsThis proactive community assets‐based approach with a woman‐centred focus was acceptable to women and IFHs and is a promising intervention warranting further research as to its effect on infant feeding outcomes.
Undergraduate student nurses’ experience of mental health simulation pre‐clinical placement: A pre/post‐test survey
Authors: Olasoji Michael , Huynh Minh , Edward Karen‐Leigh , Willetts Georgina , Garvey Loretta 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUndertaking a mental health clinical placement can be anxiety‐provoking for nursing students at times. There is a need to adequately prepare undergraduate nursing students for clinical placement in a mental health setting in relation to their skills and confidence. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a mental health simulation workshop on the skills and confidence of nursing students in providing care to consumers living with a mental illness. The study also evaluated the design of the mental health simulation workshop from an educational perspective. A pre/post‐test survey was administered to a cohort of N = 89 Australian pre‐registration nursing students. Exploratory factor analysis identified three factors: Mental health therapeutic engagement, mental health assessment skills, and mental health placement preparedness. Analyses of pre–post differences indicated that all three factors were significantly different between the initial and follow‐up responses, with follow‐up responses being more favourable. The findings of this study demonstrate that there is value in including mental health simulated patient exercise as part of the learning strategies in the curriculum of pre‐registration nurses. This has implications for the quality of care in the clinical environment and level of preparedness of these students’ nurses for mental health clinical placement where they will be providing care to consumers living with a mental illness under direct supervision.
Impact of soil water content on maize responses to the plant growth‐promoting rhizobacterium Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1
Authors: Czarnes Sonia , Mercier Pierre‐Edouard , Lemoine Damien G. , Hamzaoui Jihane , Legendre Laurent 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMembers of the bacterial genus Azospirillum are root‐associated bacteria that increase yield in cereals by promoting growth and alleviating drought stress. How plants integrate the many bacterium‐derived growth‐promoting stimuli with other environmental factors to generate a coordinated response remains unresolved. Using a commercial Azospirillum strain, A. lipoferum CRT1 and two host maize cultivars, it was observed that bacterization reduced the drought‐induced increase in lateral root growth and enhanced the flood‐induced increase in lateral root growth in the more drought‐ and flood‐sensitive cultivar. In the other one, A. lipoferum CRT1 only elicited a moderate root growth response under low soil water potential. The photosynthetic potential and activity were increased in the earlier cultivar and decreased in the later one, irrespective of the soil water content. No impact of the bacterium was seen on the growth of the leaves of both cultivars under both stresses until the third leaf stage, therefore suggesting that it is a consequence of multiple primary adaptations to biotic and abiotic stresses. It is suggested that host–bacteria recognition leads to a stress‐specific modulation of the root response and a differential stress‐independent effect on photosynthesis. This is the first report of the impact of Azospirillum under flood conditions.
Drought stress in sunflower causes inhibition of seed filling due to reduced cell‐extension growth
Authors: Keipp Katrin , Hütsch Birgit W. , Ehlers Katrin , Schubert Sven 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCultivation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as one of the most important oil crops is of great importance, especially with focus on drought tolerance under the current climate change. Less precipitation and increasing temperatures lead to more regions with drought problems. In a container experiment, with two different sunflower cultivars, drought stress of 40% water‐holding capacity was applied at the seed‐filling phase and compared to a control group with regular irrigation to 70% water‐holding capacity. Four intermediate harvests during the seed‐filling phase and a final harvest at maturity were conducted. During the seed‐filling phase, sugar and α‐amino‐acid concentrations of seeds were not reduced by drought stress. Thus, assimilate availability was sufficient, pointing to no source limitation of seed development. The DNA content of the seeds was also not affected and pointed to no limitation of cell division. However, 40 days after flowering a reduction of cell extension was found. Consequently, a sink limitation occurred under drought stress. At final harvest, seed yield was significantly reduced under drought stress due to a lower single seed weight, whereas seed number per plant was unaffected. Oil concentration was not reduced by drought stress. Thus, oil synthesis did not limit oil yield. Consequently, a reduced oil yield under drought stress during the seed‐filling phase was caused by a lower seed weight, which resulted from a decreased cell extension.
Deficiency of DICER reduces the invasion ability of trophoblasts and impairs the pro‐angiogenic effect of trophoblast‐derived microvesicles
Authors: Tang Li , Yang Ming , Qin Lang , Li Xiaoliang , He Guolin , Liu Xinghui , Xu WenMing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDICER is a key rate‐limiting enzyme in the canonical miRNAs biogenesis pathway, and DICER and DICER‐dependent miRNAs have been proved to play essential roles in many physiological and pathological processes. However, whether DICER is involved in placentation has not been studied. Successful spiral artery remodelling is one of the key milestones during placentation, which depends mostly on the invasion of trophoblasts and the crosstalk between trophoblasts and endothelial cells. In the present study, we show that DICER knockdown impairs the invasion ability of both primary extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) and HTR8/SVneo (HTR8) cell lines. The decreased invasion of HTR8 cells upon DICER knockdown (sh‐Dicer) was partly due to the up‐regulation of miR‐16‐2‐3p, which led to a reduced expression level of the collagen type 1 alpha 2 chain (COL1A2) protein. Moreover, microvesicles (MVs) can be secreted by HTR8 cells and promote the tube formation ability of human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, conditioned medium and MVs derived from sh‐Dicer HTR8 cells have an anti‐angiogenic effect, due to reduced angiogenic factors and increased anti‐angiogenic miRNAs (including let‐7d, miR‐1‐6‐2 and miR‐15b), respectively. In addition, reduced protein expression of DICER is found in PE placenta by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. In summary, our study uncovered a novel DICER‐miR‐16‐2‐COL1A2 mediated pathway involved in the invasion ability of EVT, and DICER‐containing MVs mediate the pro‐angiogenic effect of trophoblast‐derived conditioned medium on angiogenesis, implying the involvement of DICER in the pathogenesis of PE.