bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonpharmacological methods: frequency of use and follow‐up actions among healthcare staff in the care of older people
Authors: Lindberg Terese , Fagerström Cecilia 
Published: October 2019

Older people are at risk of developing multi‐comorbidity and thus being exposed to multiple treatments and drugs to manage the emerging health complaints. More focus has been put on nonpharmacological alternatives. However, studies revealing the healthcare staff perspective on using nonpharmacological methods (NPMs) in the care of older people are still lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to map the use of NPMs in daily practices and the follow‐up thereof. A population‐based survey with questionnaires was performed, included all healthcare professionals (n = 163; nurses and paramedical professionals) working in one district of elderly care in Sweden. The older person's anxiety and worry (76.1%), sleeping problems (53.1%) and pain (41.1%) were the health problems in daily life most likely to trigger use of NPMs. To manage the emerging health problems, interactions (87.1%), diet and nutrition supplements (63.2%) and physical activity were commonly used, particularly by nurses. One third (n = 54) stated that they did not evaluate the NPMs used, with no statistical differences between nurses and paramedical professionals. The present study indicated that NPMs were used in care of older people among nurses and paramedical professionals, but not in a systematic way and often without follow‐up.
Telenurses’ experiences of interaction with patients and family members: nurse–caller interaction via telephone
Authors: Yliluoma Paula , Palonen Mira 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundTelephone nursing is expanding worldwide, but a little is known about nurses’ interactions with callers and the factors that affect these interactions.AimThe purpose of this paper is to describe how telenurses experience caller interactions.MethodsA qualitative study designed through open telephone interviews with call centre nurses (n = 9) in 2017. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Ethical guidelines were followed at all stages of the study.ResultsCallers both enhanced and hindered interactions. Nurses’ professional skills, such as communication skills, nurse‐led control over the call and the nurses’ capabilities, enabled positive interactions. Disturbing background sounds, communication problems and service system failures made the telephone interactions challenging. Achieving connection with callers, callers who had supportive family members and a supportive organisational structure were features of successful interactions.Study limitationsAs all nine participants were recruited from one call centre, the findings are not directly transferable to another environment.ConclusionsThe results reveal that nurse–caller interactions are affected by several issues concerning the callers and the nurses’ skills. Communication problems were often present when telenurses were unable to provide the services callers expected due to lacking health and medical care resources. Family members could be considered important participants in telephone communication with nurses, though further research should examine the possible benefits of interacting with family members.Practical implicationsBased on the results of this study, telenurses could benefit from training that focuses on the communication skills that are needed for telephone nursing and the tools needed to meet individual callers’ needs. Work environments could also better support caller–nurse interactions. Organisations should provide more resources for telephone nursing in order to promote positive interactions.
Exact dimensionality selection for Bayesian PCA
Authors: Bouveyron Charles , Latouche Pierre , Mattei Pierre‐Alexandre 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present a Bayesian model selection approach to estimate the intrinsic dimensionality of a high‐dimensional dataset. To this end, we introduce a novel formulation of the probabilisitic principal component analysis model based on a normal‐gamma prior distribution. In this context, we exhibit a closed‐form expression of the marginal likelihood which allows to infer an optimal number of components. We also propose a heuristic based on the expected shape of the marginal likelihood curve in order to choose the hyperparameters. In nonasymptotic frameworks, we show on simulated data that this exact dimensionality selection approach is competitive with both Bayesian and frequentist state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Inferactive data analysis
Authors: Bi Nan , Markovic Jelena , Xia Lucy , Taylor Jonathan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe describeinferactive data analysis, so‐named to denote an interactive approach to data analysis with an emphasis on inference after data analysis. Our approach is a compromise between Tukey's exploratory and confirmatory data analysis allowing also for Bayesian data analysis. We see this as a useful step in concrete providing tools (with statistical guarantees) for current data scientists. The basis of inference we use is (a conditional approach to)selective inference, in particular its randomized form. The relevant reference distributions are constructed from what we call a DAG‐DAG—a Data Analysis Generative DAG, and a selective change of variables formula is crucial to any practical implementation of inferactive data analysis via sampling these distributions. We discuss a canonical example of an incomplete cross‐validation test statistic to discriminate between black box models, and a real HIV dataset example to illustrate inference after making multiple queries on data.
Activity limitation and match load in para‐footballers with cerebral palsy: An approach for evidence‐based classification
Authors: Reina Raúl , Iturricastillo Aitor , Castillo Daniel , Urbán Tomás , Yanci Javier 
Published: October 2019

Classification is a hot topic in Paralympic sport, making the development of evidence‐based and sport‐specific classification systems mandatory. However, the development of measurements for exploring the relationships between the athletes' impairment and their activity limitation is a considerable scientific challenge in team Paralympic sport such as 7‐side football (ie, CP Football). The aims of this study were 1) to describe the activity limitation and external match load (ML) differences among impairment profiles (FT) in international level footballers with cerebral palsy (CPFP) and 2) to analyze the relationship among the activity limitation and external ML variables. Forty‐eight international male CPFP (23 ± 7 y; 174.7 ± 7.2 cm; 69.4 ± 9.2 kg; 22.7 ± 2.6 kg·m−2) participated in this study and were divided according to their impairment profile (FT5/6, FT7, and FT8). Significant differences (P < .05) have been observed among FT profiles in the activity limitation tests (ie, static balance, coordination, vertical jump, horizontal jump, acceleration capacity, and change of direction ability). Additionally, significant differences have been observed among FT profiles in certain ML values (ie, Velmax, High Acc and in Mod and High Dec), where generally, FT8 players reported the best performance values. On the other hand, especially in the FT5/6 and in the FT8 profiles, a large‐to‐very large significant relationship was observed between the CPFP activity limitation and the ML values. In general, the results of the present study show that players with a lower impairment have less activity limitation and better ML. This study concludes that the potential relationships between the impairments of hypertonia, ataxia, or athetosis and performance in this para‐sport might be impairment‐specific.
Revisiting Transnational European Consociationalism: The European Union a Decade After Lisbon
Authors: Piattoni Simona , Verzichelli Luca 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article discusses the notion of consociationalism as applied to the EU and assesses whether the institutional and procedural changes introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon (ToL) and by the management of the Euro and refugee crises still warrant considering the EU as a case of consociational democracy. Our contention is that the changes introduced by the ToL bore the promise to strengthen the consociational structural traits of the Union but that the further institutional and procedural changes engendered by the management of the Euro and refugee crises have made the behavioral dimension of consociationalism all the more necessary just as the accommodating orientation of the political elites had begun to evaporate. We support this argument by looking at empirical evidence which allows us to offer a set of propositions on the effects of the recent crises on the attitudes of the European elites towards the future of EU democracy.
A spatial‐temporal‐semantic approach for detecting local events using geo‐social media data
Authors: Xu Shishuo , Li Songnian , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSocial media networks allow users to post what they are involved in with location information in a real‐time manner. It is therefore possible to collect large amounts of information related to local events from existing social networks. Mining this abundant information can feed users and organizations with situational awareness to make responsive plans for ongoing events. Despite the fact that a number of studies have been conducted to detect local events using social media data, the event content is not efficiently summarized and/or the correlation between abnormal neighboring regions is not investigated. This article presents a spatial‐temporal‐semantic approach to local event detection using geo‐social media data. Geographical regularities are first measured to extract spatio‐temporal outliers, of which the corresponding tweet content is automatically summarized using the topic modeling method. The correlation between outliers is subsequently examined by investigating their spatial adjacency and semantic similarity. A case study on the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) is conducted using Twitter data to evaluate our approach. This reveals that up to 87% of the events detected are correctly identified compared with the official TIFF schedule. This work is beneficial for authorities to keep track of urban dynamics and helps build smart cities by providing new ways of detecting what is happening in them.
Topologies of N6‐adenosine methylation (m6A) in land plant mitochondria and their putative effects on organellar gene expression
Authors: Murik Omer , Chandran Sam Aldrin , Nevo‐Dinur Keren , Sultan Laure D. , Best Corinne , Stein Yuval , Hazan Carina , Ostersetzer‐Biran Oren 
Published: October 2019

SummaryMitochondria serve as major sites of ATP production and play key roles in many other metabolic processes that are critical to the cell. As relicts of an ancient bacterial endosymbiont, mitochondria contain their own hereditary material (i.e. mtDNA, or mitogenome) and a machinery for protein biosynthesis. The expression of the mtDNA in plants is complex, particularly at the post‐transcriptional level. Following transcription, the polycistronic pre‐RNAs undergo extensive modifications, including trimming, splicing and editing, before being translated by organellar ribosomes. Our study focuses on N6‐methylation of adenosine ribonucleotides (m6A‐RNA) in plant mitochondria. m6A is a prevalent modification in nuclear‐encoded mRNAs. The biological significance of this dynamic modification is under investigation, but it is widely accepted that m6A mediates structural switches that affect RNA stability and/or activity. Using m6A‐pulldown/RNA‐seq (m6A‐RIP‐seq) assays of Arabidopsis and cauliflower mitochondria, we provide information on the m6A‐RNA landscapes in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica oleracea mitochondria. The results show that m6A targets different types of mitochondrial transcripts, including known genes, mtORFs, as well as non‐coding (transcribed intergenic) RNA species. While ncRNAs undergo multiple m6A modifications, N6‐methylation of adenosine residues with mRNAs seem preferably positioned near start codons and may modulate their translatability.
The effects of storage at 4°C and 20°C on the hemograms of C57BL/6 mice and Wistar rats using the IDEXX ProCyte Dx and blood smear evaluations
Authors: Layssol‐Lamour Catherine , Lavabre Typhaine , Braun Jean‐Pierre , Trumel Catherine , Bourgès‐Abella Nathalie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundDelayed blood analysis might be unavoidable in laboratory practice, but little is known about rodent blood stability, especially cell morphology and scattergram results.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the stability of rodent blood cell counts and morphologies at different temperatures using the ProCyte Dx analyzer and performing manual observations.MethodsTen Wistar rats and 10 C57bl/6 mice were sampled on EDTA tubes and aliquoted for storage (4°C, 20°C). Hematologic analyses were performed immediately and at T6h, T24h, T48h (rats and mice), and T72h (rats only) after storage.ResultsIn rats, at any temperature, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations (HGB), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) levels, and reticulocyte, white blood cell (WBC), eosinophil, and impedance platelet counts remained stable over time. The main changes were observed at 20°C for hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and WBC differential counts. Optical platelet counts (PLT‐O) and platelet variables underwent changes at both temperatures from T24h. In mice, red blood cell counts by impedance (RBC‐I), MCH, and WBC, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and platelet counts, and plateletcrit (PCT) were stable over time and at all temperatures. As in rats, the most significant changes were observed at 20°C and concerned the optical RBC (RBC‐O) counts, HCTs, MCVs, MCHCs, and reticulocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte counts. For both species, blood cell morphologies were altered from T24h at all temperatures, and platelet clumps were more numerous at 4°C.ConclusionsWhen rodent blood analyses need to be delayed, storage at 4°C is preferred and should not exceed 24 hours. PLT counts should be interpreted cautiously in refrigerated specimens with mandatory blood smear evaluations when abnormal scattergrams are observed.
The preparatory phase of the Mw 6.1 2009 L’Aquila (Italy) normal faulting earthquake traced by foreshock time-lapse tomography
Authors: Baccheschi Paola , De Gori Pasquale , Villani Fabio , Trippetta Fabio , Chiarabba Claudio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Mw 6.1 (6 April 2009) L’Aquila (Italy) earthquake occurred in one of the most seismically active areas of central Italy and was preceded by a three-month-long foreshock period. Thanks to recordings by a regional permanent network, we derive for the first time P- and S-wave velocity tomographic models of a major fault prone to an imminent main shock. Close to the Mw 6.1 hypocenter, we observe high Vp (&gt;6.8 km/s) and high Vp/Vs (&gt;1.9) consistent with thick dolomitic volumes filled with fluids sealed by impermeable anhydritic layers. Significant changes in velocities defined by time-lapse imaging during the foreshock period suggest rapid fluid migration through the locked fault zone. The complex positive feedback between fluid pressure buildup and hydrofracturing of the dolomitic reservoir, testified by foreshock production, eventually provoked the catastrophic coseismic breaching of the fault seal. Our results show that foreshock time-lapse tomography provides clues on the preparatory phase of a large normal-faulting earthquake.
Land plant evolution decreased, rather than increased, weathering rates
Authors: D’Antonio Michael P. , Ibarra Daniel E. , Boyce C. Kevin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The repeated evolution of trees is widely thought to have enhanced the capacity of silicate weathering via the impact of deep rooting. However, land plants are also responsible for wetland assembly and organic carbon burial. The total burial output of carbon via both organic and inorganic deposition must balance input to the exogenic system from volcanic outgassing on million-year time scales. Increased partitioning of carbon burial toward organic carbon and away from inorganic carbon reduces the marine carbonate burial flux, necessitating a lowered total flux of alkalinity to the oceans to maintain mass balance in the Earth’s surface carbon cycle. This flux includes the nutrient delivery from the terrestrial vegetation implicated as a driver of marine evolution, extinction, and environmental change including anoxia and black shale formation. Here, the burial of terrestrial organic carbon, first substantially in the Devonian and continuing through to the present, is argued to require a reduction in silicate weathering rates when compared to earlier times, given the independence of volcanic outgassing from weathering on short time scales. Land plants still may cause reductions in steady-state atmospheric CO2 levels, but via increasing the silicate weathering feedback strength, not silicate weathering rates. The mass-balance constraints on the long-term carbon cycle provide a mechanism for linking how land plant evolution simultaneously increased nutrient recycling and weathering efficiency of the Earth’s surface.
Serum Lipopolysaccharide‐Binding Protein Levels and the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in a General Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study
Authors: Asada Masako , Oishi Emi , Sakata Satoko , Hata Jun , Yoshida Daigo , Honda Takanori , Furuta Yoshihiko , Shibata Mao , Suzuki Kosuke , Watanabe Hiroshi , Murayama Norihito , Kitazono Takanari , Yamaura Ken , Ninomiya Toshiharu 
Published: October 2019

Background

Epidemiological studies have reported a link between serum LBP (lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein) levels and lifestyle‐related diseases. However, there have been no longitudinal studies investigating the association of serum
LBP
levels and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) in general populations.

Methods and Results

A total of 2568 community‐dwelling Japanese individuals 40 years and older without prior
CVD
were followed for 10 years (2002–2012). Serum
LBP
levels were divided into quartiles (quartile 1: 2.20–9.68 μg/mL; quartile 2: 9.69–10.93 μg/mL; quartile 3: 10.94–12.40 μg/mL; quartile 4: 12.41–24.34 μg/mL). The hazard ratios (
HR
s) and their 95%
CI
s for the incidence of
CVD
were computed using a Cox proportional hazards model. During the follow‐up period, 180 individuals developed
CVD
. The age‐ and sex‐adjusted cumulative incidence of
CVD
increased significantly with higher serum
LBP
levels (
P
for trend=0.005). Individuals with higher serum
LBP
levels had a significantly greater risk of the development of
CVD
after adjusting for conventional cardiovascular risk factors (quartile 1: HR, 1.00 [reference]; quartile 2: HR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.60–1.78]; quartile 3: HR, 1.52 [95% CI, 0.92–2.51]; and quartile 4: HR, 1.90 [95% CI, 1.17–3.09];
P
for trend=0.01). This association remained significant after additional adjustment for homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (
P
for trend=0.01). However, when additional adjustment was made for high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, the association was attenuated to the nonsignificant level (
P
for trend=0.08).

Conclusions

The present findings suggest that higher serum
LBP
levels are associated with increased risk of the development of
CVD
in the general Japanese population. Low‐grade endotoxemia may contribute to the pathogenesis of
CVD
through chronic systemic inflammation.
Two Leading Modes of Wintertime Atmospheric Circulation Drive the Recent Warm Arctic–Cold Eurasia Temperature Pattern
Authors: Ye Kunhui , Messori Gabriele 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe wintertime warm Arctic–cold Eurasia (WACE) temperature trend during 1990–2010 was characterized by accelerating warming in the Arctic region, cooling in Eurasia, and accelerating autumn/winter Arctic sea ice loss. We identify two atmospheric circulation modes over the North Atlantic–northern Eurasian sector that displayed strong upward trends over the same period and can explain a large part of the observed decadal WACE pattern. Both modes bear a close resemblance to well-known teleconnection patterns and are relatively independent from variability in Arctic sea ice cover. The first mode (PC1) captures the recent negative trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation and increased Greenland blocking frequency, while the second mode (PC2) is reminiscent of a Rossby wave train and reflects an increased blocking frequency over the Urals and north Asia. We find that the loss in the Arctic sea ice and the upward trends in PC1 and PC2 together account for most of the decadal Arctic warming trend (>80%). However, the decadal Eurasian cooling trends may be primarily ascribed to the two circulation modes alone: all of the cooling in Siberia is contributed to by PC1 and 65% of the cooling in East Asia by their combination (the contribution by PC2 doubles that by PC1). Enhanced intraseasonal activity of the two circulation modes increases blocking frequencies over Greenland, the Ural region, and north Asia, which drive anomalous moisture/heat flux toward the Arctic and alter the downward longwave radiation. This also weakens warm advection and enhances advection of cold Arctic airmasses towards Eurasia.
A Comparison of Two Methods Using Thorpe Sorting to Estimate Mixing
Authors: Smith Jerome A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSome high-resolution CTD data collected in the spring of 2017 are analyzed using Thorpe sorting and scale analyses, including both the commonly used “Thorpe scale” method and a lesser-used method that is based on directly estimating the “available overturn potential energy” (AOPE): the difference between potential energies of the raw versus sorted density profiles in a mixing “turbulent patch.” The speed of the profiler varied, so the spatial (vertical) sampling is uneven. A method is developed and described to apply the Thorpe scaling and the AOPE approaches to such unevenly sampled data. The AOPE approach appears to be less sensitive to the (poorly constrained) estimate of the “background” buoyancy frequency N. Although these approaches are typically used to first estimate the dissipation rate εK of turbulent kinetic energy, the real goal is to estimate the diffusivity of density Kρ and hence the net alteration of the density profile by mixing. Two easily measured dimensionless parameters are presented as possible metrics of the “age” or “state” of the mixing patch, which might help to resolve the question of how the total turbulent energy and dissipation are apportioned between kinetic and potential components and hence how much of the measured AOPE ends up changing the background stratification. A speculative example as to how this might work is presented.