bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Origin of the Polish National Loan Fund and Its Operation on the Polish Lands
Authors: Komierzyńska-Orlińska Eliza 
Published: October 2019

The idea of establishing the Bank of Poland as the central bank of the Second Polish Republic and introducing a new currency appeared shortly after Poland regained its independence. At the beginning of 1919, in the economic circles it was believed that one of the initial steps taken by the government would be to establish a new issuing bank in place of the Polish National Loan Fund, which had appeared on the Polish territory in an emergency situation—during the First World War, and which, contrary to the original (both German and Polish) plans survived for 7 years and was transformed after the war into the first bank of issue in the now independent Polish State.
The Polish National Loan Fund established by the Germans as an issuing institution by way of the ordinance of December 9, 1916 establishing the Polnische Landes Darlehnskasse was granted the privilege of issuing a new currency, that is a new monetary unit under the name marka polska. The German authorities were guided by various objectives when creating the new issuing institution—first of all, the aim was to limit the area of circulation of the German mark and to create an instrument that would draw in the occupied area of the Polish territory to finance the war, contrary to the assurances of the occupying authorities that the PKKP would be an institution supporting the economy and banking system of the country—the Kingdom of Poland, whose creation was envisaged after the end of World War I.
Definitions and Legal Aspects of the Term “War” and the Related Terms
Authors: Kołodziejczak Malwina Ewa 
Published: October 2019

Normative acts applicable in the Republic of Poland do not lack a multitude of formulations of terms such as: war, state of war or time of war. The lack of legally binding definitions and the inconsistency of the use of identical definitions lead to different, often contradictory interpretations of particular situations, which may have different legal consequences.
Only a precise and detailed definition of these concepts, preferably by incorporating them into national or international law, would dispel many doubts and close the way to sometimes contradictory interpretations, which is particularly important for security and defence concepts and issues. Therefore, in this paper the author will present definitions and regulations resulting from Polish legal acts, relating to war, war time and the state of war.
From an Inconvenient Bishop to the Incovenient Decision to Recognize Him as a Martyr
Authors: Bar Wiesław 
Published: October 2019

The title suggests that this article will continue on the subject addressed 10 years ago. The previous article was On a bishop who is inconvenient to those in power in Argentina—both the State and the Church. Despite the changes that have taken place in both spheres (the collapse of the military dictatorship after the 1983 elections, and changes in the episcopate and the judicial inquiry and elucidation of the circumstances of the murder of Bishop Angelelli), some people are denying Pope Francis’ decision to recognise the martyrdom of the bishop and his collaborators (June 8, 2018). They see this beatification as inconvenient.
The author of the presented study challenges these arguments, both from the canon-law perspective and in light of canonization practice. Due to the passage of time (the martyrs died in the Diocese of La Rioja in 1976) and the geographical separation (South America), he first provides their short biographies. Due to numerous untrue data and overinterpretations disseminated by the media as to the course of the beatification processes at the diocesan phase, the also tries to bring order to the basic facts.
PENGPENGEMBANGAN MEDIA KARTU BERGAMBAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN PROFESI BAGI ANAK-ANAK SD KELAS ATAS
Authors: Setyadi Dendy 
Published: October 2019

This research uses â€œResearch and Developmentâ€ method, which is developed by Borg and Gall. The purpose of this research is to develop a picture product that can be used for students in particularly as introduction of occupations in Indonesia. Looking at the feasibility, the product can be used at small scale as well as helping the upper level of elementary students to achieve competence skill to the stage of accommodation in accordance with SKKPD of Elementary School. This research uses the method of â€œResearch and Developmentâ€ by Borg and Gall. This research is categorized into small scale â€œR&Dâ€ since it only uses multiple stages, those are: research and information collecting, planning, developing of initial product format, initial product validating, and product revising. The result shows from each validator that media experts assess 90,28% (very decent), material experts assess 78,09% (decent), and students as users assess 78,52% (very decent). The conclusion of this research is picture cards media can be categorized as worthy with average percentage of 78,52%. These picture cards media are expected to be tested further in order to be used effectively, furthermore this research is expected to be implemented in other schools.

Keywords: picture cards, occupations, career information, students
Morphology of the surface and magnetic resonance properties of lavsan modified by steel clusters by ion-plasma exposure
Authors: Anisovich A. G. , Akula I. P. , Laskovnev A. P. , Markevich M. I. , Stelmakh V. T. , Chekan N. M. 
Published: October 2019

Polymeric materials are mainly dielectrics. The use of protective clothing made of such materials may occur accumulation of static electricity. The electrification of materials creates a fire hazard in the presence of dust and various gas mixtures. For reducing the accumulation of static electricity charges on the surface of protective clothing carried out the modification of polyethylene terephthalate by clusters of steel 12X18H10T. Modification was carried out in a vacuum using stationary metal plasma source operating in the mode of separations. The process was carried out by alternating periods of the source plasma (1 minute) and pause for tissue cooling (1 minute).The results of the study of the surface morphology of polyethylene terephthalate steel coated fabrics and magnetic resonance absorption measurements of microwave energy is given. The main regularities of the magnetic-resonance absorption spectra are revealed. Method of electronic magnetic resonance (EMR) found that the spectra are inhomogeneous broadened broad lines with effective g-factor value of 2.2±0.1 and the line width of 110.1 mTl. It was found that the non-resonance absorption of the electromagnetic field of microwave is insignificant.
Matematical modeling of the process of enlarging the austenitic grain during high-temperature heating of alloy structural steel
Authors: Kukareko V. A. , Gatsuro B. M. , Grigorchik A. N. , Chichin A. N. 
Published: October 2019

The influence of the heating rate of a typical case hardening steel 15KHGN2TA and 25KHGT on the growth of austenitic grain during long-term isothermal exposures at the high-temperature chemical-heat treatment was studied. It is shown that the change in the rate of heating case hardening steels in the temperature interval a®g transformations during chemical-thermal treatment has a significant impact on the process of growth of austenitic grains in them.Regression equations describing the dependence of the average size of austenitic grain on the heating rate, pre-annealing temperature and cementation temperature are obtained, which allow selecting the cementation modes of various steels. A phenomenological model describing the mechanism of formation and growth of austenitic grains in steels under heating at different speeds is developed.It is concluded that the slow heating of steels in the interval of phase a®g transformation contributes to the formation of a complex of small austenite grains separated by high angle boundaries with adsorbed on them by impurity atoms, which ensures higher resistance grain structure to coalescence and reduce the rate of migration of the boundaries during prolonged hightemperature austenization.
Naturally Occurring Asbestos in France: Geological Mapping, Mineral Characterization, and Technical Developments
Authors: Cagnard Florence , Lahondère Didier 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
In France, asbestos was banned by national decree (no. 96-1133) in 1996. The regulatory texts and standards adopted to implement this ban are concerned primarily with asbestos-containing manufactured products and are difficult to apply to asbestos-bearing natural materials (i.e., rocks and soils). Considering problems related to asbestos-bearing natural materials, the French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, and Energy has mandated the French Geological Survey to map locations where asbestos-bearing rocks are found. Mapping was prioritized to geological domains where naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) was predictable (e.g., the Western Alps and Corsica). These studies integrated field expertise, sampling, and laboratory analysis data to characterize the potential of geological units to contain NOA. Additionally, studies were conducted on geological formations exploited to produce aggregates. These studies were focused on quarries excavating massive, basic or ultrabasic rocks likely to contain NOA and quarries mining alluvium likely to contain asbestos-bearing rock pebbles. These studies highlight the difficulty of establishing robust analytical procedures for natural materials. The distinction between cleavage fragments (resulting from the fragmentation of non-asbestos particles) and proper asbestos fibers is particularly problematic for laboratories. Thus, a recent study by the National Agency for Health Safety, Food, Environment, and Work recommends applying the asbestos regulation to elongated mineral particles (length/depth &gt; 3:1, length &gt; 5 μm, depth &lt; 3 μm) with chemical composition corresponding to one of the five regulated amphibole species regardless of their mode of crystallization (asbestiform or non-asbestiform). The upcoming regulatory changes are part of a decree published in 2017, including the prior identification of asbestos in natural soils or rocks likely to be impacted by ground-disturbing construction activities. Specific protocols will be defined for sampling, analysis, and characterization of natural materials that may contain asbestos.
Demethylation of TIMP2 and TIMP3 inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion in pituitary adenoma
Authors: Yang Yongdong , Huang Fanjun , Wu Xiufu , Huang Chunqin , Li Shenyu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Pituitary adenoma (PA) is one of the most common intracranial neoplasms. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are prognostic biological markers, but their biological roles remains largely unclear in invasive PA.
Methods: The promoter methylation status of TIMP2 and TIMP3 genes in invasive PA tissues and cells was measured by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). The expression of TIMP1-3 was validated by quantitative real time PCR and western blot analysis. Overexpression and knockdown of TIMP2 and TIMP3 in GH3 cells were created by transfection of pcDNA3.0 and siRNA against TIMP2 and TIMP3, respectively. Functional experiments in GH3 cells were performed with CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay and transwell assay. Effects of 5-Azacytidene (5-AzaC) on the methylation of TIMP2 and TIMP3 gene, and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), DNMT3a and DNMT3b were determined by western blot analysis.
Results: We found the expression of TIMP1, TIMP2 and TIMP3 was down-regulated in invasive PA tissues and cells. Moreover, decreased TIMP2 and TIMP3 expression was closely associated with their promoter methylation. The in vitro experiments showed that overexpression of TIMP2 and TIMP3 exerted suppressive effects, while knockdown of TIMP2 and TIMP3 presented enhanced effects on cell proliferation, migration and invasion in PA cells. Furthermore, 5-AzaC treatment concomitantly up-regulated the protein levels of TIMP2, TIMP3, DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b.
Conclusions: In conclusion, our results support that DNA methylation at least partly accounts for TIMP2 or TIMP3 silencing in invasive PA, which will provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the function of TIMPs in PA.
Key words: Invasive pituitary adenoma, TIMPs, DNA methylation, 5-AzaC, GH3
How different stressors affect quality of life: An application of multilevel latent class analysis on a large sample of industrial employees
Authors: Feizi Awat , Parsaei Roqayeh , Roohafza Hamidreza , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Sarrafzadegan Nizal 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background and objectives: Quality of Life (QoL) indicates individual's perception of the physical, psychological and social aspects of health. The association between QoL and all stressful life events 'dimensions has not been investigated among industrial employees. The present study aimed at investigating the association between stressful life events and QoL in a large sample of Iranian industrial employees.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 3063 manufacturing employees in Isfahan, Iran were recruited. QoL was measured by Euro-QoL five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D). Stressful life events were assessed by an Iranian validated stressful life event questionnaire (SLE). Multilevel latent class regression was employed for classifying participants based on QoL and for determining its association with stressful life events.Results: Two classes of employees i.e. low (comprised 20% of participants) and high QoL (80%) were identified. Also, from 11 eleven dimensions of stressful life events two major domains i.e. socioeconomic and personal stressor profiles were identified. Multilevel latent class regression's results showed that the higher scores of social (OR:1.14, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.16) and personal (OR:2.36, 95% CI: 1.87, 2.98) stressor domains were significantly associated with increased risk of being in poor QoL class. Among personal and socioeconomic stressors, health concerns and daily life dimensions had higher significant association with poor QoL. Conclusions: Results of our study indicated that life stressors have negative impacts on QoL of employees. Personal stressors showed higher negative impacts than socioeconomic on QoL. Managing the stressors has an effective role on improving the QoL of employees, their physical and mental health and indirectly enhances the organizational performance and job productivity.
Association between miR-499 rs3746444 polymorphism and ischemic stroke : A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Xiang Hong , Liu Mei Ling , Lin Rong , Xing Yaping , Zhao Tingli , Zhang Wen , Zhao Ming , Liu Qing Rong , Cao Kai 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: To explore the generic association between miR-499 rs3746444 polymorphism and ischemic stroke (IS). Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the association quantitively. Results: A total of 6 studies (involving 2569 IS cases and 2645 controls) were included. miR-499 (rs3746444) polymorphism showed a statistically significant association with IS risk in the allelic model (G allele vs A allele), the dominant model (GG+AG vs AA), the recessive model (GG vs AG+AA) and the homozygote model (GG vs AA). ORs of the above 4 models were 1.20 (95%CI: 1.02, 1.40), 1.21 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.46), 1.40 (95%CI: 1.04, 1.88), 1.48 (95%CI: 1.10, 2.00) respectively. The I square of the allelic model and the dominant model was 58% and 59%, indicating large heterogeneity among included studies. By sensitivity analysis, I square of the two models dropped to 34.5% and 38.4%, the ORs were 1.26 (95%CI: 1.13, 1.42) and 1.28 (95%CI: 1.12, 1.46), there was still a statistical association between miR-499 (rs3746444) polymorphism and IS. The heterozygote model (AG vs AA) was not statistically significant, the OR was 1.18 (95%CI: 0.99, 1.42), the I square was 54%. Notably, by sensitivity analysis, I square of the heterozygote model dropped to 34.6%, the OR was 1.25 (95%CI: 1.08, 1.43), indicating a statistically significant association between miR-499 (rs3746444) polymorphism and IS. There was no publication bias for all the models by Egger's test. Conclusion: miR-499 (rs3746444) polymorphisms is associated with the increase of IS risk.
Phenotypes and transdifferentiation of transplanted oral mucosal epithelial cells for limbal stem cell deficiency
Authors: Huang Feifei , Qiu Jini , Xue Qi , Cai Rongrong , Zhang Chaoran 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: To observe the epithelial phenotypes after autologous cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET), assess the changes in the oral mucosal epithelium after transplantation on the ocular surface, and identify possible influencing factors.
Methods: We performed lamellar keratoplasty 6 months after initial COMET procedure on 2 patients with total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) to further visual rehabilitation. The corneal buttons obtained during lamellar keratoplasty were examined by using immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Results: Cell morphology of both excised corneal tissues resembled that of the normal cornea. They were positive for Cytokeratin3, Cytokeratin13, p63 and Zonula occludens-1. Expression of Cytokeratin12 was noted in the corneal epithelium of patient 1 but not found in patient 2.

Conclusions: The oral epithelium transplanted onto the ocular surface could express corneal phenotypes after COMET, which might be related to the corneal microenvironment.
A novel arthrodesis technique of the sacroiliac joint
Authors: Fuchs Volker 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purpose The aim of the study was to develop an implant for fusion of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) which, in contrast to known implant systems, can be used for isolated fusion of the SIJ as well as in combination with a lumbar instrumentation procedure or as an alternative to existing sacropelvic fixation (SPF) methods. Methods Following a comprehensive review of more than 200 high-resolution pelvic CT data sets, an implant body with high porosity and a large contact surface to the ilium and sacrum favoring integration was designed. Its shape was modeled based on the recess of the SIJ. A screw anchored in the ilium secures the position of the implant in the recess and allows connection to a lumbar instrumentation via an S1 screw. After receiving a detailed explanation and information about the novelty of the procedure, two patients with confirmed SIJ syndrome, who had undergone conservative treatment for more than 6 months without success, were operated on with a patient individual implant adapted to their anatomy. Results There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. The postoperative CT and pelvic X-rays showed a good form fit of the implant body in the respective recess as well as correct positioning of the inserted screws. Conclusions The implant used first takes into account the special anatomy of the SIJ and also meets the requirements of a true arthrodesis of the joint. Clinical studies will now have to show whether the considerable theoretical advantages of the new implant system over existing SIJ implants and SPFs can be put into practice.
Long-term clinical outcomes of Toric IOL and ART +3.0D IOL in patients with cataract and corneal astigmatism
Authors: luo jie , Liu Yang , Wang Feng , Su Ying , Xiao Xuebing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background We aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of Toric intraocular lens (Toric IOL)and Acrysof IQ Restor Toric +3.0D intraocular lens (ART +3.0D IOL)in patients with cataract and corneal astigmatism.Methods Fifty-eight eyes (46 participants) that had Toric IOL implantation, forty-three eyes (31 participants) that had ART +3.0D IOL implantation, were included in the study. All participants were assessed preoperatively, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. Primary outcomes measure: uncorrected distance visual activity (UCDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA), astigmatism and IOL axis alignment, defocus curve, contrast sensitivity and ocular aberration.Results UCDVA was better than 0.3 LogMAR at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery in both groups, and UCDVA was significantly improved after surgery than before ( P <0.05). All patients with ART +3.0D IOL implanted after surgery achieved or exceeded the near-vision of Jr3, which could meet the needs for removal of lens. At 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery, the residual astigmatic was (0.28±0.20) diopters(D), (0.32±0.25) D, (0.31±0.16) D, (0.32±0.22) D in Toric group, and (0.27±0.17) D, (0.31±0.21) D, (0.30±0.19) D, (0.33±0.20) D respectively in the ATR group. Compared with preoperative corneal astigmatism, the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). The IOL axial mobility of all the patients was less than 5°in the two groups within 2 years after the operation. There was no difference in aberrations between the ART group and the Toric group under 3mm pupil, and there was statistically significant difference between the ART group and the Toric group under 5mm pupil ( P <0.05).Conclusions Toric IOL and ART + 3.0D IOL implantation were safe and effective in the treatment of cataract with corneal astigmatism,and ART + 3.0D IOL provided adequate near vision. The effect had long-term stability.
The experiences of a nonclinical set of adolescents and young adults living with persistent pain: a qualitative metasynthesis
Authors: Fegran Liv , Johannessen Berit , Ludvigsen Mette S. , Westergren Thomas , Høie Magnhild , Slettebø Åshild , Rohde Gudrun , Helseth Sølvi , Haraldstad Kristin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Around 15–30% of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) suffer from persistent or chronic pain. Strategies to manage pain in different populations have been well described; however, pain is an increasing problem among AYAs, and the use of over-the-counter medications is increasing. The aim of this study was to identify and synthesize evidence from qualitative primary studies on how AYAs in a nonclinical population experience living with persistent pain.Method A qualitative metasynthesis guided by Sandelowski and Barroso’s guidelines was used to synthesize the included studies. The electronic databases Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Psycinfo, Mednar, and ProQuest were searched for studies published in English or Nordic languages from January 2005 to April 2019. Inclusion criteria were adolescents aged 13–18 and young adults aged 19–24 with first-hand experience of living with persistent, recurrent, or episodic nonclinical pain in any body site. Pain associated with a medical diagnosis, malignant diseases, medical procedures or testing, or sport activities was excluded.Results Of 2254 screened records, nine studies including 184 participants (127 female and 57 male aged 11–28 years) with pain from a nonclinical population were analyzed into metasummaries and a metasynthesis. In five of the nine studies, headache was the focused pain condition, while three of the studies did not specify the type of pain. All studies were conducted in a Western cultural context. The metasynthesis revealed that the participants’ experiences were characterized by three themes: 1) juggling pain with everyday life; 2) exploring sources of information to manage pain; and 3) striving to find relief.Conclusion These AYAs experienced a need to juggle dealing with pain with everyday life and explored information on how to manage pain from various sources. Their management of pain was influenced by family norms, and they described how they were striving to find relief from pain.