bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empathy in Medicine Self and Other in Medical Education: Initial Emotional Intelligence Trend Analysis Widens the Lens Around Empathy and Burnout
Authors: Singer-Chang Gail , Dong Fanglong , Seffinger Michael , Nevins Natalie , Blumer Janice , Musharbash Helen , Helf Scott 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
Integral to emotional intelligence (EI), empathy is frequently studied in medical students. While important, given the implications for patient safety and physician well-being, traits such as self-regard may also affect physician efficacy. Emotional intelligence offers a holistic framework from which to study empathy, allowing it to be explored with coexisting traits and offering opportunities to identify related risk factors.

Objective
To identify trends in osteopathic medical student EI to help mitigate burnout, with specific attention to empathy and self-regard.

Methods
Eight hundred eighty-five students at Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific from classes 2014-2016 were offered the Emotional Quotient Inventory 2.0 (EQ-i) at the start of school, completion of their second year, and at graduation. Participants completed all 3 inventories, yielding a response rate of 16.3%. Repeated measurement analysis of variance analyses were conducted using SAS software for Windows version 9.3.

Results
A total of 144 students participated. The total EI score shifted from mean (SD) 100.2 (12.4) at baseline to 96.1 (12.8) midway to 96.8 (13.3) at graduation (P=.0161) with significant decreases between baseline and midway (P<.001) and baseline and final administrations (P<.001). Empathy declined from 103 (13.1) to 99.9 (12.7) to 99.6 (12.6) (P=.0481) with significant decreases between baseline and midway (P<.001) and baseline and final administrations (P<.001). Self-regard declined from 98.6 (14.1) to 95.8 (15.1) to 95.5 (14.7) (P=.135) with significant decreases between baseline and midway (P=.0021) and baseline and final administrations (P<.001).

Conclusion
This study's findings support further investigation of potential roles played by EI, empathy, and self-regard in physician burnout.
Monitoring obstetric services: putting the UN guidelines into practice in Malawi. I: developing the system
Authors: Goodburn E.A. , Hussein J. , Lema V. , Damisoni H. , Graham W. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe UNICEF/WHO/ UNFPA ‘Guidelines for Monitoring the Availability and Use of Obstetric Services’ was published in 1997 as a guide for implementing process indicators. The Malawi Safe Motherhood Project covers 5 million people and was the first large project to introduce the new indicators as part of a routine monitoring system. A rigorous process of needs assessment, tools development, operations research, field testing and training was conducted. It was necessary to reach agreement on locally appropriate standard definitions of obstetric emergencies, reporting formats and catchment populations. Underreporting of emergencies, misreporting of maternal deaths and double counting of referrals were minimized by improving recording tools. Time, cost, political and technical inputs are important considerations — in Malawi, the system took 1 year to set up at a cost of $100 000. Developing a routine monitoring system to obtain data for the process indicators is feasible, but requires adaptation of the cross‐sectional evaluation methods described in the UN Guidelines.
Hair cell and supporting cell density and distribution in the normal and regenerating posterior crista ampullaris of the pigeon
Authors: Kevetter Golda Anne , Blumberg Kim R. , Correia Manning J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe numbers of supporting cells and the numbers and types of hair cells in three distinct longitudinal regions through the posterior canal cristae of control and streptomycin‐treated pigeons were determined using stereological techniques. For control cristae, type I (3758) and type II (3517) hair cells occurred in approximately equal numbers. However, the proportions varied in different longitudinal zones: Zone I (peripheral region) had four times more type II hair cells (2083) than type I (483), while Zone II (intermediate region) had almost seven times more type I (2517) than type II (367) hair cells and Zone III (central region) had relatively equal numbers of type I (758) and type II (1067) hair cells. Novel findings included the following: (1) immediately after the post‐injection sequence (PIS) of streptomycin, there was a significant reduction in both hair cells (−93%) and supporting cells (−45%); (2) by 70 days after the PIS, the population of type I hair cells returned to control values (however, the normal complement of complex calyces took 1 year to recover); (3) during the first 143 days after the PIS, the number of type I and type II hair cells across all zones returned linearly with about the same slope (46 and 43 cells per day, respectively), although the rate of return differed significantly in different zones; (4) there was a massive overproduction of hair cells (+150%) and supporting cells (+120%) during the first 5 months of recovery; and (5) during the first year after the PIS, both hair cells and supporting cells increased and their increases in numbers were correlated (r=0.88, P<0.01). Knowledge of the sequence and numbers of regenerating hair cells may help elucidate common modes of cell survival, recovery, and compensation from neural insult.
Expression of the surface antigen A2B7 in adult and developing honeybee olfactory pathway
Authors: Gascuel Jean , Brouillard Franck , Papin Christian , Masson Claudine 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn order to identify molecules involved in the development of the honeybee olfactory pathway, hybridoma technology has been used. Among different cell lines, A2B7 has been selected. It produces a specific antibody for a surface glycoprotein of 91 kDa. This protein is mainly expressed by both the antennal receptor cells and mushroom body neurons. Based on (i) the spatio‐temporal pattern of expression during pupal development; (ii) the cell surface location of the antigen; and (iii) the partial molecular characterization of the antigen, a putative role for this protein in axonal fasciculation and guidance is discussed.
An empirical note on demand for speculation and futures risk premium: A Kalman Filter application
Authors: Kocagil Ahmet E. , Topyan Kudret 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study examines the behavior of demand for speculation, and the relationship between futures risk premium, open interest, daily futures trading, and the market index in the case of gold, silver, and copper markets. Following Bessembinder (1992), the paper focuses on the questions of: (a) whether there is a consistent systematic relationship between risk premium and futures trading activity and the market index, and, (b) whether speculative behavior exhibits systematic behavior around the market's expectation. The introduction of the Kalman Filter approach allows for a flexible trend model and obviates the need to specify the nature of trends of series. In order to test the hypotheses the frequency‐domain regression coefficients are compared with their case‐ specific counterparts. The empirical findings show that the speculative behavior is not symmetric in backwardation and contango markets. Furthermore, a negative relationship between the market and risk premia is observed in gold and silver; whereas the same relationship is positive in the case of copper.
Large‐Scale Surfactant Exfoliation of Graphene and Conductivity‐Optimized Graphite Enabling Wireless Connectivity
Authors: Large Matthew J. , Ogilvie Sean P. , Amorim Graf Aline , Lynch Peter J. , O'Mara Marcus A. , Waters Thomas , Jurewicz Izabela , Salvage Jonathan P. , Dalton Alan B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGraphene and other graphitic materials are suggested as a route to cheap, high‐performance, environmentally‐sustainable electronic devices owing to their almost unique combination of properties. Liquid‐phase exfoliation is a family of shear‐based techniques that produce dispersions of nanosheets from bulk layered material crystallites. High‐quality nanosheets of graphene can be produced in solvents or surfactant dispersions; however the lateral size of these sheets limits the network transport properties observed in printed films. A high‐throughput, industrially‐scalable aqueous process for the production of graphene and related layered nanomaterials is presented. By considering not only the exfoliation process, but also the size selection and deposition processes, printable graphitic nanoparticulate materials with conductivities up to 50 000 S m−1 are demonstrated. This value is ten times larger than is typically obtained for few‐layer graphene produced by liquid‐phase exfoliation. The size selection process is critical to obtaining the maximum conductivity of deposited films, with an optimized nanographite having greater performance than few‐layer graphene or graphite that is processed and used without size selection. Building on these results a radio‐frequency antenna application is demonstrated, which is competitive with the state‐of‐the‐art, and a route to recycling of such printed short‐lifetime electronic devices to lower the environmental impact is discussed.
Double Active Layers Constructed with Halide Perovskite and Quantum Dots for Broadband Photodetection
Authors: Guo Ruiqi , Bao Chunxiong , Gao Feng , Tian Jianjun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHerein, solution‐processed, high‐performance broadband (300–1100 nm) photodetectors based on double active layers incorporating narrow‐bandgap CuInSe2 (CISe) quantum dots (QDs) and halide perovskite are devised. The CISe QDs/perovskite film as the photoactive layer boosts the photocurrent and suppresses dark current. Due to the joint light absorption effect of CISe QDs and halide perovskite, the photoelectric conversion capacity is improved. Furthermore, CISe QDs as an electron‐blocking layer can effectively block electrons to the hole transport layer and reduce the thermal noise. The optimized photodetector exhibits responsivity over 150 mA W–1 in the visible and more than 20 mA W–1 in the near‐infrared (800–1000 nm) ranges, specific detectivity of more than 7.0 × 1012 Jones in the visible region and 7.7 × 1011 Jones in the near‐infrared region, a transient response time of 277 ns with the active area of 0.013 cm2, and a linear dynamic range of ≈75 dB. Importantly, the CISe QDs layer makes the perovskite denser and more hydrophobic, thus improves the environmental and thermal stability of the detector, even extends the working temperature to exceeding 150 °C. The design concept and the considerable performance of this novel device provide a reference value for polychromatic light detection.
Community Organizing and Counter Narratives in the Response to Domestic Violence in India
Authors: Menon Suvarna V. , Allen Nicole E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDomestic violence affects women globally. Domestic violence in India is embedded in structures of patriarchy, cultural norms, and a conservative social structure (Biswas, 2017). Community narratives help to create meaning and impact human behavior and can be tools of empowerment (Rappaport, 1995). They can also provide an important means of detecting changes in norms. Community engagement efforts that focus on empowering communities can play an important role in creating empowering narratives. Organizational settings like grassroots agencies can play a salient role in providing opportunities for community engagement leading to the creation of new community narratives and personal stories. This study sought to examine the work of a grassroots agency in India engaged in community action aimed at social change in the response to domestic violence, with a special focus on understanding shifting community narratives related to the response to domestic violence. Based on data from semi‐structured interviews, archival data, and participant‐observations, and using a modified‐grounded theory approach, our results identified five major themes reflecting counter narratives on domestic violence. These included (a) awareness and discourse on gender related issues, (b) framing domestic violence as a social issue, (c) supporting the empowerment of women, (d) supporting disclosure of violence, and (e) supporting intervening in cases of violence. Implications of our findings for social change work in the response to domestic violence are discussed.
Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Properties of Polymers Based on Dithienothiophene and Bithiazole
Authors: Dikcal Fatma , Topal Sebahat , Unal Murat , Ozturk Turan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConjugated polymers are promising cost‐effective, lightweight, and flexible electrode materials. 3,5‐Dinonyl‐2,6‐di(thiophene‐2‐yl)dithieno[3,2‐b : 2′,3′d]thiophene (M1) as a donor and 4,4′‐dinonyl‐5,5′‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bithiazole (M2) as an acceptor were synthesized and their polymers poly(3,5‐dinonyl‐2,6‐di(thiophene‐2‐yl)dithieno[3,2 b : 2′,3′‐d]thiophene) (P1) and poly(4,4′‐dinonyl‐5,5′‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bithiazole) (P2) were obtained via electropolymerization on ITO/glass electrode surface in ACN : DCM (1 : 3 v/v) solution, containing 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6). Then, a third polymer as a co‐polymer (P3) was synthesized through electropolymerization of a mixture of the monomers M1 and M2 in 1 : 1 ratio. All the polymers were characterized by UV‐Vis, CV and CV‐UV measurements. Moreover, capacitor properties of the polymers by potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed. The polymers P1, P2 and P3 exhibited absorptions at 456, 453 and 519 nm in neutral state and their optical band gaps were determined to be 2.17, 2.53 and 1.95 eV, respectivetly. EIS measurements indicated that P3 had the highest current density, having lower resistance.
Ultra‐Early Blood Pressure Reduction Attenuates Hematoma Growth and Improves Outcome in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Li Qi , Warren Andrew D. , Qureshi Adnan I. , Morotti Andrea , Falcone Guido J. , Sheth Kevin N. , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Dowlatshahi Dar , Viswanathan Anand , Goldstein Joshua N. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate whether intensive blood pressure treatment is associated with less hematoma growth and better outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients who received intravenous nicardipine treatment ≤2 hours after onset of symptoms.MethodsA post‐hoc exploratory analysis of the Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage 2 (ATACH‐2) trial was performed. This was a multicenter, international, open‐label, randomized clinical trial, in which patients with primary ICH were allocated to intensive versus standard blood pressure treatment with nicardipine ≤4.5 hours after onset of symptoms. We have included 913 patients with complete imaging and follow‐up data in the present analysis.ResultsAmong the 913 included patients, 354 (38.7%) had intravenous nicardipine treatment initiated within 2 hours. In this subgroup of patients treated within 2 hours, the frequency of ICH expansion was significantly lower in the intensive blood pressure reduction group compared with the standard treatment group (p = 0.02). Multivariable analysis showed that ultra‐early intensive blood pressure treatment was associated with a decreased risk of hematoma growth (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34–0.92; p = 0.02), higher rate of functional independence (odds ratio, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.28–3.68; p = 0.004), and good outcome (odds ratio, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.01–2.83; p = 0.048) at 90 days. Ultra‐early intensive blood pressure reduction was associated with a favorable shift in modified Rankin Scale score distribution at 3 months (p = 0.04).InterpretationIn a subgroup of ICH patients with elevated blood pressure given intravenous nicardipine ≤2 hours after onset of symptoms, intensive blood pressure reduction was associated with reduced hematoma growth and improved functional outcome. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:388–395.
Optimization of carbon dioxide refrigerant charge in capillary radiation air conditioning system based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Yu Xi , Li Gang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe traditional capillary radiant air conditioning system based on back propagation (BP) neural network optimization model of carbon dioxide refrigerant filling, using neural network algorithm to optimize the carbon dioxide refrigerant filling, there is a big error. Aiming at this problem, a carbon dioxide refrigerant charging and filling optimization model in capillary radiant air conditioning system based on genetic algorithm (GA) is constructed. Based on the idea of solving multiobjective optimization problem with genetic algorithm, an adiabatic capillary steady‐state distribution model is constructed to analyze the change of refrigerant flow rate and critical temperature in capillary tube. Corresponding data samples, the GA‐BP neural network model is calculated based on the sample data, and the optimization of carbon dioxide refrigerant filling capacity is realized through the interpolation and extrapolation test model of condenser heat transfer and refrigerant outlet temperature. The experimental results show that the model has a significant application in optimizing the charging capacity of carbon dioxide refrigerant. The error of optimizing the charging capacity of carbon dioxide is small, and the error range is between (−0.03, 0.03).
Physician Associate Students' Experience of Anatomy Dissection
Authors: Holland Jane C. , Ní Dhónaill Róisín , Clarke Maeve , Joyce Pauline 
Published: May 2020

The role of physician assistant/associate (PA) has expanded from its inception in the United States over 50 years ago, to European countries including Ireland. While there is an increasing body of evidence exploring the role and training of PAs in clinical settings, there is a scarcity of research exploring PA students' perspectives in relation to their experience of anatomy dissection, or how these experiences may contribute to the development of their core professional identity. Students in the first two cohorts of PA Program at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland program were invited to interviews which solicited them to reflect and report on their own experiences of anatomical dissection during their course. Participants' responses were analyzed using a thematic inductive approach; common themes and patterns were organized into a hierarchical structure, which generated the final framework of themes. Ten participants took part in the study; only one had previous personal experience of dissection, while two further participants had some familiarity with prosected specimens. The first theme concerned the participants' expectation of anatomical dissection, with sub‐themes of preconceptions, smell, and emotions. The second theme involves discussion of coping strategies that the participants used, including talking, viewing the cadaver as their first patient, and naming (or not naming) the cadaver. The third theme includes how the participants' talked about respect and compassion in the dissection room, development of team working skills, and awareness of bereavement and organ donation. A number of recommendations were also made for the experience and orientation of future students in such a program.
High‐performance PMSM self‐tuning speed control system with a low‐order adaptive instantaneous speed estimator using a low‐cost incremental encoder
Authors: Cao Yihui , Wang Junzheng , Shen Wei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn practical industrial applications, the control performance in a wide speed range is hard to ensure, especially under the low‐speed condition with a low‐cost incremental encoder, while the unknown structure parameters may also degrade the tracking performance. This paper proposes a low‐order adaptive instantaneous speed estimator (AISE) and a self‐tuning control strategy to promote the speed control performance in a wide speed range with unknown inertia parameters. Together with the adaptive‐Kalman‐filter‐based AISE, a novel measurement noise variance updating scheme, which allows more appropriate compensation in the different speed range than fixed error variance, is introduced through the theoretical analysis based on probability and stochastic process. Moreover, an easy‐to‐implement self‐tuning law, integrated with an online recursive‐least‐square‐based parameters identification method, is developed to tune the speed controller, while the AISE is also adjusted online to ensure the control performance with a considerable variation of load inertia. All strategies were implemented in a TMS320F28335‐based permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control system with a low‐cost 2500‐line incremental encoder, and the results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
Oscillations of solar photosphere: 45 years of observations
Authors: Kotov Valery A. , Haneychuk Vasilij I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA summary of the long‐term, 1974–2018, measurements of the line‐of‐sight velocity of the solar photosphere, performed at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, is presented. The work shows that the Sun is pulsating with two periods: P0 = 9,600.606(12) s and P1 = 9,597.924(13) s. The new measurements, 1996–2018, confirm the remarkable phase stability of the second period. The true origin of both pulsations is unknown, but their beatings are noted to have occurred with a period of 397.7(2.6) days, coinciding well with the synodic period of Jupiter, 398.9 days. A hypothesis is advanced that the shift from P0 to P1 is induced by the gravity field of Jupiter.
Advances in chemiluminescence and electrogenerated chemiluminescence based on silicon nanomaterials
Authors: Sun Mingxia , Su Yingying , Lv Yi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince 1950, when chemiluminescence (CL) of siloxane upon treatment with strong oxidants was discovered by Kurtz, many silicon‐based nanomaterials with different elements, specific molecules, shapes and sizes have been developed as light emitters, energy acceptors, and catalyzers to provide valuable CL and electrogenerated CL (ECL) detection platforms in analytical chemistry fields. This review mainly focuses on the recent development of their mechanisms and sensing methodologies for small molecules, free radicals, ion, enzyme, protein, DNA, cancer cells, and metabolites based on specific reactions such as aptamer sensing and enzymatic reaction. Additionally, the future trend is discussed.