bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fatty acid binding protein FABP7 is required for optimal oligodendrocyte differentiation during myelination but not during remyelination
Authors: Foerster Sarah , Guzman de la Fuente Alerie , Kagawa Yoshiteru , Bartels Theresa , Owada Yuji , Franklin Robin J. M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe major constituents of the myelin sheath are lipids, which are made up of fatty acids (FAs). The hydrophilic environment inside the cells requires FAs to be bound to proteins, preventing their aggregation. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are one class of proteins known to bind FAs in a cell. Given the crucial role of FAs for myelin sheath formation we investigated the role of FABP7, the major isoform expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), in developmental myelination and remyelination. Here, we show that the knockdown of Fabp7 resulted in a reduction of OPC differentiation in vitro. Consistent with this result, a delay in developmental myelination was observed in Fabp7 knockout animals. This delay was transient with full myelination being established before adulthood. FABP7 was dispensable for remyelination, as the knockout of Fapb7 did not alter remyelination efficiency in a focal demyelination model. In summary, while FABP7 is important in OPC differentiation in vitro, its function is not crucial for myelination and remyelination in vivo.
Safety and Efficacy of Limited Laboratory Monitoring for Hepatitis C Treatment: A Blinded Clinical Trial in Rwanda
Authors: Grant Philip , Shumbusho Fabienne , Van Nuil Jennifer Ilo , Kateera Fredrick , Mukherjee Joia , Kabahizi Jules , Ntaganda Fabien , Nsanzimana Sabin , Mbituyumuremyi Aimable , Damascene Makuza Jean , Muvunyi Claude Mambo , Mukabatsinda Constance , Musabeyezu Emmanuel , Ntirenganya Cyprien , Gupta Neil 
Published: February 2020

Direct‐acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus (HCV) are highly effective and well‐tolerated. However, only a small percentage of HCV‐infected individuals globally have received therapy. Reducing the complexity of monitoring during HCV therapy, if shown to be safe, could facilitate greater access to HCV services, particularly in resource‐limited settings such as sub‐Saharan Africa. We enrolled a total of 300 patients who were chronically infected with genotype 4 HCV in Rwanda and treated them with fixed‐dose ledispasvir/sofosbuvir for 12 weeks. For 60 consecutive participants enrolled, we blinded the study clinician to on‐treatment laboratory results. We compared the efficacy, safety, and tolerability in those with blinded laboratory results to those with standard laboratory monitoring. Baseline characteristics among those with blinded laboratory values were comparable to those with standard monitoring. Among both groups, the median age was 63 years, and the median HCV viral load was 5.9 log (versus 64 years and 6.0 log, respectively). Sustained virologic response rates at 12 weeks after treatment completion were similar in those with blinded laboratories (87%) compared to those with standard laboratory monitoring (87%). There was no increase in adverse events in those with blinded laboratory results, and no participants discontinued the study medication because of an adverse event. Conclusion: On‐treatment laboratory monitoring did not improve patient outcomes in those treated with ledispasvir/sofosbuvir. Eliminating this monitoring in treatment programs in resource‐limited settings may facilitate and accelerate scale‐up of HCV therapy.
Dual effects of acid etching on cell responses and mechanical properties of porous titanium with controllable open‐porous structure
Authors: Wang Dong , He Guo , Tian Ye , Ren Ning , Liu Wei , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study was focused on dual effects of 20 wt % hydrochloric acid etching treatment on cell responses and mechanical properties of a porous titanium with controllable open‐porous structure. The results show that the acid etching induced the formation of a rough surface on the porous titanium, resulting in a remarkable improvement of the MG‐63 osteoblasts adhesion and proliferation on the porous titanium. The surface roughness is found to be mainly dependent on the etching time. As increasing etching time, the surface roughness exhibited a noticeable rise. After etching for 90 min, the best cell response was achieved on the rough surface with a roughness value of 3.7 mm. However, the acid etching treatment displayed a negative effect on the porous titanium strength, and the yield strength was reduced down to 106 MPa as the etching time increased to 150 min. Taking both the cell responses and strength into account, an optimal etching time was determined as 60 min by experiments.
Warmer isn't always better: Performance eurythermy in a cold‐climate gecko
Authors: Weeks Denita M. , Espinoza Robert E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMost aspects of the lives of ectotherms are temperature dependent. Achieving the warmer body temperatures (Tbs) typically required for optimal performance can be particularly challenging for nocturnal ectotherms.Homonota darwinii—the world's southernmost gecko—is broadly distributed in southern Argentina (35–52 °S latitude) where cold climates over parts of its range likely pose an additional performance challenge for this nocturnal lizard. We hypothesized that the southernmost populations of this species would be the most thermally challenged, as evidenced by a decline in temperature‐dependent sprint performance with increasing latitude. A temperature‐dependent depression in locomotory performance may indicate suboptimal performance in other thermally dependent traits linked to fitness (e.g., foraging efficiency, metabolism). We measured sprint performance at five ecologically relevantTbs for four populations spanning most of the latitudinal range ofH. darwinii. We also recorded annual operative temperatures (Tes) at each site on the surface and in refuges used by the geckos. Sprint data indicated differences in maximum performance over the range ofH. darwinii, but not the latitudinal decline predicted. Instead, sprint performance was likely influenced by climatic variability associated with each site's elevation. Geckos from most populations had a broad range ofTbs over which sprint performance was optimal, albeit twofold to threefold lower than other geckos. This is indicative of eurythermy, the ability to perform well over a wide range of temperatures. We discuss this finding in the context of alternative hypotheses concerning performance tradeoffs in nocturnal ectotherms.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of wild and lab populations of Astyanax mexicanus uncovers differential effects of environment and morphotype on gene expression
Authors: Krishnan Jaya , Persons Jenna L. , Peuß Robert , Hassan Huzaifa , Kenzior Alexander , Xiong Shaolei , Olsen Luke , Maldonado Ernesto , Kowalko Johanna E. , Rohner Nicolas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStudying how different genotypes respond to environmental variation is essential to understand the genetic basis of adaptation. The Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, has cave and surface‐dwelling morphotypes that have adapted to entirely different environments in the wild, and are now successfully maintained in lab conditions. While this has enabled the identification of genetic adaptations underlying a variety of physiological processes, few studies have directly compared morphotypes between lab‐reared and natural populations. Such comparative approaches could help dissect the varying effects of environment and morphotype, and determine the extent to which phenomena observed in the lab are generalizable to conditions in the field. To this end, we take a transcriptomic approach to compare the Pachón cavefish and their surface fish counterparts in their natural habitats and the lab environment. We identify key changes in expression of genes implicated in metabolism and physiology between groups of fish, suggesting that morphotype (surface or cave) and environment (natural or lab) both alter gene expression. We find gene expression differences between cave and surface fish in their natural habitats are much larger than differences in expression between morphotypes in the lab environment. However, lab‐raised cave and surface fish still exhibit numerous gene expression changes, supporting genetically encoded changes in livers of this species. From this, we conclude that a controlled laboratory environment may serve as an ideal setting to study the genetic underpinnings of metabolic and physiological differences between the cavefish and surface fish.
Constructions of infinite graphs with Ramsey property
Authors: Komjáth Péter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFor every infinite cardinal λ and 2 ≤ n < ω there is a directed graph D of size λ such that D does not contain directed circuits of length ≤n and if its vertices are colored with <λ colors, then there is a monochromatic directed circuit of length n + 1. For every infinite cardinal λ and finite graph X there is a λ‐sized graph Y such that if the vertices of Y are colored with <λ colors, then there is a monochromatic induced copy of X. Further, Y does not contain larger cliques or shorter odd circuits than X. The constructions are using variants of Specker‐type graphs.
An improved upper bound for the grid Ramsey problem
Authors: Milićević Luka 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFor a positive integer r, let G (r) be the smallest N such that, whenever the edges of the Cartesian product KN × KN are r‐colored, then there is a rectangle in which both pairs of opposite edges receive the same color. In this paper, we improve the upper bounds on G (r) by proving , for r large enough. Unlike the previous improvements, which were based on bounds for the size of set systems with restricted intersection sizes, our proof is a form of quasirandomness argument.
IL-33 promotes type 1 cytokine expression via p38 MAPK in human NK cells
Authors: Ochayon David E. , Ali Ayad , Alarcon Pablo C. , Krishnamurthy Durga , Kottyan Leah C. , Borchers Michael T. , Waggoner Stephen N. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study tests the hypothesis that activation of MAPK by physiologically relevant concentrations of IL-33 contributes to enhanced cytokine expression by IL-12 stimulated human NK cells. While IL-33 canonically triggers type 2 cytokine responses, this cytokine can also synergize with type 1 cytokines like IL-12 to provoke IFN-γ. We show that picogram concentrations of IL-12 and IL-33 are sufficient to promote robust secretion of IFN-γ by human NK cells that greatly exceeds resposes to either cytokine alone. Nanogram doses of IL-33, potentially consistent with levels in tissue microenvironments, synergize with IL-12 to induce secretion of additional cytokines, including TNF and GM-CSF. IL-33-induced activation of the p38 MAPK pathway in human NK cells is crucial for enhanced release of IFN-γ and TNF in response to IL-12. Mechanistically, IL-33-induced p38 MAPK signaling enhances stability of IFNG transcripts and triggers A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17) mediated cleavage of TNF from the cell surface. These data support our hypothesis and suggest that altered sensitivity of NK cells to IL-12 in the presence of IL-33 may have important consequences in diseases associated with mixed cytokine milieus, like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Interaction of coumarin triazole analogs to serum albumins: Spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking studies
Authors: Sharma Kumkum , Yadav Priyanka , Sharma Bhawana , Pandey Meenakshi , Awasthi Satish K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe interaction of triazole substituted 4‐methyl‐7‐hydroxycoumarin derivatives (CUM1‐4) with serum albumin (bovine serum albumin [BSA] and human serum albumin [HSA]) have been studied employing ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis), fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and molecular docking methods at physiological pH 7.4. The fluorescence quenching occurred with increasing concentration of CUMs, and the binding constant of CUM derivatives with BSA and HSA obtained from fluorescence quenching experiment was found to be ~ 104 L mol−1. CD study showed conformational changes in the secondary structure of serum albumin upon titration of CUMs. The observed experimental results were further validated by theoretical studies involving density functional theory (DFT) and molecular docking.
Surface potential–based analysis of ferroelectric dual material gate all around (FE‐DMGAA) TFETs
Authors: Mishra Varun , Verma Yogesh K. , Gupta Santosh K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an electrostatic potential–based analytical model of drain current for ferroelectric dual material gate all around tunnel field effect transistors (FE‐DMGAA‐TFETs). Analytical model is formulated to examine the device characteristics by combining the evanescent mode analysis (EMA) and Landau‐Khalatnikov equation. Ferroelectric material exhibits negative capacitance, which enhances the drain current by providing an amplification to the surface potential. The impact of varying the ferroelectric layer thickness on the device characteristics is studied. The accuracy of the model is evaluated by comparing it with the results obtained from numerical calculations and found to be in good accord. The ON current of the ferroelectric‐based TFETs is approximately 100 times the conventional DMGAA‐TFETs.
Second‐order supercapacitor model and its parameter extraction
Authors: Barić Tomislav , Glavaš Hrvoje , Nyarko Emmanuel Karlo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn certain cases, the application of traditional measurement techniques and related procedures for supercapacitor parameter extraction in time‐domain could be an unnecessarily time‐consuming process, which also requires different sets of measurement equipment, commonly expensive. This is a strong motivation for the development of procedures for supercapacitor parameter extraction which complies with the above. One such is presented in this paper. This paper presents a model of supercapacitors based on two parallel RC branches, respectively, as a second‐order system described by four parameters. In this paper, we will show that even a very simple second‐order model credibly describes a supercapacitor in a dynamic regime of a rapid discharging process. Also, we proposed an improved set of expressions that establish the relations between the supercapacitor parameters and measured quantities as well as the procedure for parameter extraction in time domain. We demonstrated that using a generalised least square method and the provided set of analytical expressions is a powerful and effective tool in supercapacitor parameter extraction from the waveform of supercapacitor current in rapid discharge regime. The validity of the proposed approach, expressions, and obtained parameters was confirmed by comparing the waveforms of short‐circuit current obtained by an experiment and a simulation.
Oxytocin‐loaded sustained‐release hydrogel graft provides accelerated bone formation: An experimental rat study
Authors: Akay Ayse Sumeyye , Arısan Volkan , Cevher Erdal , Sessevmez Melike , Cam Betul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRestoration of the lost bone volume is one of the most deliberate issues in dentistry. Sustained‐release microspherical oxytocin hormone in a poloxamer hydrogel scaffold combined with a mixture of β‐tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite (CP) may serve as a suitable bone graft. The aim of this study was to design and test a novel thermosensitive hydrogel graft incorporating oxytocin‐loaded poly(d, l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) sustained‐release microspheres and CP. Thermosensitive poloxamer hydrogel containing CP (HCP graft) was prepared as a base and combined with hollow microspheres (HCPM) and oxytocin‐loaded microspheres (HCPOM). Eighty Wistar rats were used for testing the grafts and a control group in 8‐mm‐diameter critical‐sized calvarial defects (CSD); (n = 20). Bone healing at the 4th and 8th weeks was evaluated by histological, histomorphometric, and radiological (micro‐computed tomography [µCT]) analyses. The results were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance (P < .05). Oxytocin‐loaded PLGA microspheres prepared by the solvent displacement method yielded a high encapsulation efficiency of 89.5% and a slow drug release. Incorporation of the microspheres into the hydrogel graft slowed the release rate down and the release completed within 32 days. HCPOM revealed the highest new bone formation (26.45% ± 6.65% and 30.76% ± 4.37% at the 4th and 8th weeks, respectively; P < .0001) while HCPM and HCP groups revealed a bone formation of around 10% (P > .05). µCT findings of HCPOM group showed the highest mean bone mineral density values (42.21 ± 5.14 and 46.94 ± 3.30 g/cm3 for the 4th and 8th weeks, respectively; P < .0027). The proposed oxytocin‐loaded sustained‐release PLGA microspheres containing thermosensitive hydrogel graft (HCPOM) provide an accelerated bone regeneration in the rat calvaria.
Does a Minority of Children With Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Receive Formal Diet Advice?
Authors: Alfaro Cruz Ligia , Minard Charles , Guffey Danielle , Chumpitazi Bruno P. , Shulman Robert J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiet therapies may be recommended for pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). However, little is known about the frequency with which diet therapy is recommended in FGIDs. Our aims were to determine and contrast the frequency and types of diet recommendations provided to children with FGIDs by pediatric gastroenterologists (PGIs) versus primary care pediatricians (PCPs).MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed using data from a large, metropolitan children's academic healthcare system to identify subjects meeting Rome IV criteria for functional abdominal pain, functional dyspepsia, irritable‐bowel syndrome (IBS), and/or abdominal migraine over a period of 23 months.ResultsOf 1929 patient charts reviewed, 268 were included for further analyses. Of these, 186 patients (69%) were seen by a PGI and 82 (31%) by a PCP. The most common diagnosis was IBS (49% for PGIs and 71% for PCPs). Diet recommendations were provided to 115 (43%) patients (PGI group: 86 [75%] vs PCP group: 29 [25%]; P < .1). The most frequent recommendations were high fiber (PGI: 15%; PCP: 14%) and low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) diet (PGI: 12%; PCP: 4%). Of those provided with diet recommendations, only 20% (n = 23) received an educational consult by a dietitian. Provision of diet recommendations was not affected by years in practice.ConclusionDespite increasing awareness of the role of diet in the treatment of childhood FGIDs, a minority of patients receive diet recommendations in tertiary care or primary care settings. When diet recommendations were given, there was great variability in the guidance provided.
Impact of different drying processes on the lipid deterioration and color characteristics of Penaeus vannamei
Authors: Li De‐Yang , Zhou Da‐Yong , Yin Fa‐Wen , Dong Xiu‐Ping , Xie Hong‐Kai , Liu Zhong‐Yuan , Li Ao , Li Jia‐Xuan , Rakariyatham Kanyasiri , Shahidi Fereidoon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDFresh shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) deteriorates easily and the drying process is an important processing method for prolonging the shelf life of shrimp. The traditional drying method is hot‐air‐drying (HD), which can cause some problems such as nutrient loss, discoloration and lipid oxidation. In recent years, freeze‐drying (FD) has been popular for removing moisture from food at lower temperatures, maintaining the structure of raw materials, and improving storage stability of products. In the present study, the effects of HD and FD on lipid and color of P. vannamei and the mechanisms involved were investigated.RESULTSFD caused less lipid oxidation compared to HD; consequently, FD‐processed shrimps had lower levels of primary and secondary oxidation products, as well as acid value, and higher contents of triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid compared to HD‐processed samples. Lipase and lipoxygenase played a role in the oxidation and hydrolysis of lipids during drying process. FD‐processed shrimps had lower yellowness value and chromatic aberrations but a higher whiteness value compared to HD‐processed samples. Correlation analysis showed that lipid oxidation, astaxanthin degradation and the Maillard reaction contributed to the changes of color. Principal component analysis indicated that FD caused less deterioration in quality compared to HD.CONCLUSIONIn the present study, FD is recommended for preserving shrimp color and lipid nutrition in terms of lipid oxidation control. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Arctic Fox Responses to Tourism Activity
Authors: Larm Malin , Brundin Erika , Stålhandske Thomas , Angerbjörn Anders 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTAs the interest for nature‐based tourism activities increases, it is important to provide evidence‐based guidelines for wildlife‐human interactions to minimize the disturbance caused to wildlife. In Fennoscandia, the endangered arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is subject to increasing tourism interest and some regions recommend a minimum approach distance of 300 m, but the guidelines have not been scientifically validated. We conducted experimental human approaches towards arctic fox den sites to study activity and behavioral changes in response to the approaching observer. The first arctic foxes hid when approached within 300 m, but many had increased their vigilance already at the start distance of 500 m. At approximately 200 m, the hiding probability increased rapidly at dens disturbed and undisturbed by tourism activities. Arctic foxes at disturbed dens allowed the observer to approach more closely before they increased their vigilance and before they hid compared to foxes at undisturbed dens. We confirm that a minimum distance of 300 m might be sufficient for most arctic foxes to refrain from hiding, but a longer distance would be required to avoid causing any disturbance. We recommend a minimum approach distance of ≥300 m to be implemented in all Fennoscandian regions inhabited by the arctic fox. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
A new modified walnut shell by grafting l‐aspartic acid: Synthesis and kinetics
Authors: Li Shenmaishang , Qiu Minqian , Zeng Zuoxiang , Xue Weilan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new modified walnut shell was prepared by grafting l‐aspartic acid (ASP) to walnut shell (WNS) in the hydrochloric acid solution (1.0 M). The effects of stirring speed, particle size, solid‐liquid ratio, temperature, and modifying agent concentration on grafting yield were studied. The grafting process conditions were optimized, and the grafting yield of WNS reached ∼14 wt%. The kinetics of the grafting reaction was investigated in the temperature range of 348‐368 K. A three‐step hypothesis was proposed to describe the grafting process: The ASP molecules diffuse to the out surface of WNS through the liquid film, then attend to the internal surface and react with WNS. The shrinking core models with different controlling steps were used to fit the kinetic data of the grafting process, and the results showed that the model controlled by a product layer fitted well with the experimental data. The internal diffusion coefficient DA of ASP in WNS has been calculated, and it was applied to predict the grafting yield at different ASP concentrations by a shrinking core model. The results showed that the shrinking core model controlled by internal diffusion is suitable.