bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influencing Factors and Management of Occupational Burnout Among Clinical Research Associates in China
Authors: Fu Zhiying , Yuan Yannan , Jiang Min 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective We firstly assessed the extent and nature of occupational burnout among clinical research associates (CRAs) in China for the first time, and evaluated influencing factors in view of developing effective countermeasures. Methods CRAs were evaluated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and a self-designed questionnaire. Detected occupational burnout was used as the index. We examined possible influencing factors of burnout using wilcoxon rank test, KW rank and Spearman correlation analysis; influencing factors were screened out with multivariate ordinal logistic regression modelling. Results Overall, 438 surveys were completed. Results indicated that 82.2% of participating CRAs had some degree of job burnout; among those, 19.9% had mild burnout, 49.8% had moderate burnout, and 12.5% had severe burnout. A total of 76.7% suffered from emotional exhaustion, 65.5% experienced depersonalization, and 15.3% felt a low sense of accomplishment. For all categories of burnout, statistically significant influencing factors were: work mode, working hours, whether the hospital provided work support and likelihood of promotion (p <0.05). Conclusion Occupational burnout was common among Chinese CRAs. To alleviate this situation and ensure the quality of clinical trials, companies and hospitals should take effective measures to establish support systems involving both hardware and software.
Endotracheal Obstruction by A Giant Blood Clot Following Tonsil Hemorrhage: A Case Report
Authors: Ren Binbin , Wang Qing , Ni Hongying , Chang Jie , Chen Kun , Chen Lin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Clot formation along airway can lead to airway obstruction, causing life-threatening condition to the patient. However, blood from the oral cavity flowing down the endotracheal tube and forming a giant blood clot in the airway is rarely reported.Case presentation: Here we present a case of central airway obstruction by a blood clot due to tonsil bleeding, which was managed with timely procedure. Conclusions:The case do give us further educational meaning when such patient presented.
Selective Inhibition of Soluble TNF&nbsp;Using Xpro1595 Relieves Pain and Attenuates Cerulein-induced Pancreatic Pathology in Mice, With a Possible Link to Central Pain Processing
Authors: Rhandi Rajasa , Damon Melissa , Dixon Kirsty 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Treatment of acute pancreatitis remains a challenge, with therapy focused on supportive care and treatment of the inciting etiology. Individuals with pancreatitis may experience severe upper abdominal pain, although pain mechanisms in patients with pancreatitis are incompletely understood and likely multifactorial, with possible pain processing occurring in the central nervous system, a process known to be associated with the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Inflammation plays a prominent role in the induction of acute pancreatitis, with the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) both exacerbating cell death, pro-inflammatory signaling and edema, as well as promoting reparative and restorative mechanisms. This duality of function can be explained by different forms of the TNF ligand preferentially activating different receptor subtypes, whereby the uncleaved transmembrane form of the ligand (tmTNF) preferentially activates TNFR2 promoting restorative functions, but once cleaved the soluble form of TNF (solTNF) preferentially activates TNFR1 promoting detrimental pathology. For this reason, the traditional TNF inhibitors that inhibit both TNFR1 and TNFR2 have shown modest success in patients, but come with numerous side-effects, including immunological dysfunction and heart failure. Therefore, we sought to assess the effect of a novel selective inhibitor of solTNF (XPro1595) on pancreatic pathology and associated neuropathic pain in a mouse model of acute pancreatitis, and observe its effect on an area of the brain (the hippocampus) known to play a role in neuropathic pain processing. XPro1595 administration began after the initial peak in serum amylase to maximize clinical relevance. Administration of XPro1595 prevented pancreatic immune cell infiltration, that subsequently prevented tissue disruption and acinar cell death. These improvements in pathology were associated with a significant reduction in mechanical hypersensitivity (neuropathic pain). XPro1595 treatment also prevented an increase in hippocampal astrocyte reactivity, that may be associated with the prevention of neuropathic pain in this mouse model. Overall, we observed that selectively inhibiting solTNF using XPro1595 improved the pathophysiological and neurological sequelae of cerulein-induced pancreatitis in mice, which provides support of its use in patients with pancreatitis. This is the first study of its kind to identify a possible connection between hippocampal and pancreatic pathology and warrants further investigation.
Potential Plasma Metabolic Biomarkers of Tourette Syndrome Discovery Based on Integrated Non-Targeted and Targeted Metabolomics Screening
Authors: Xi Leying , Zhou Fuqiong , Sha Huan , Zhu Weina , Hu Xueling , Ruan Jie , Huang Yaruo , Zhang Yajie , Long Hongyan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Tourette syndrome (TS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder, characterized by abnormal movements and phonations, tics, but accurate TS diagnosis remains challenging and indeed depends on its description of clinical symptoms. Our study was to identify some metabolites biomarkers based on non-targeted and targeted metabolomics. Methods We conducted untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography -quadrupole time-off light mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) for preliminary screening of potential biomarkers from 30 TS patients and 10 healthy controls. And then performed validation experiments based on targeted ultra-high-performance liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole-MS (UHPLC/MS/MS).Results 1775 differentially metabolites were identified by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), fold change analysis, T-tests, and hierarchical clustering analysis (Adjusted p-value < 0.05 and |logFC| >1). TS plasma samples were found differentiated from healthy samples in our approach. Further, the aspartate and asparagine metabolism pathway was considered as a significant enrichment pathway in TS progression based on the metabolite pathway enrichment analysis. For the 8 metabolites involved in this pathway that we detected, we then performed validation experiments based on targeted UHPLC/MS/MS from 35 TS patients and 14 healthy controls. T-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to determine potential biomarkers. Ultimately, L-Arginine and L-Pipecolic acid were validated as significantly differentiated metabolites (p<0.05) with an AUC of 70% and 87%.Conclusions L-Arginine and L-Pipecolic acid were defined as potential biomarkers for TS diagnosis by the combined application of non-targeted and targeted metabolomics analysis.
ALA-PDT&nbsp;Amplifies Intense Inflammatory Response in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris via CXCL8
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Yang Jiayi , Liu Xiaojing , Xu Detian , Shi Lei , Liu Jia , Zeng Qingyu , Wang Xiuli 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease. 5-Aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is a novel and effective therapy for severe acne vulgaris. However, the specific mechanism of ALA-PDT for acne still remain unclear. Here, we investigate the possible mechanism of intense inflammatory response of ALA-PDT for acne vulgaris. Results: It appeared that ALA-PDT suppresses proliferation and lipid secretion of primary human sebocytes. And ALA-PDT could up-regulate the expression of CXCL8 in vivo and in vitro, amplifying inflammatory response by recruiting T cells, B cells, neutrophils and macrophages. We also found that ALA-PDT elevated the expression of CXCL8 via p38 pathway. SB203580, a p38 pathway inhibitor, decreased the expression of CXCL8 after ALA-PDT in sebocytes. Conclusion: ALA-PDT amplifies intense inflammatory response in the treatment of acne vulgaris via CXCL8. Our data deciphers the mechanism of intense inflammatory response after ALA-PDT for acne vulgaris.
Classification of Tick Species and Detection of Tick-borne Pathogens in Yanbian, China
Authors: Li Jixu , Zhang Shuang , Liang Wanfeng , Zhao Shaowei , Wang Hao , Yang Bingy , Zhang Xuancheng , Zhang Zhen , Li Jialin , Jia Lijun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundYanbian is located at the junction between China, Russia, and North Korea. We aimed to determine the species distribution and pathogens carried by ticks in Yanbian.MethodsA total of 2673 unattached ticks were collected from eight counties and cities in Yanbian and classified morphologically. Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae (CRT), spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR), severe fever thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Theileria, and other pathogens were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction followed by phylogenetic and genotypic analyses.ResultsAccording to the morphological classification, the main tick species in Yanbian were Haemaphysalis longicornis, Ixodes persulcatus, Dermacentor silvarum, Haemaphysalis japonica, and Haemaphysalis concinna. Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae, spotted fever group Rickettsia, severe fever thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, and Theileria orientalis were detected in H. longicornis, Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae, spotted fever group Rickettsia, and severe fever thrombocytopenia syndrome virus were detected in I. persulcatus, H. japonica, and D. silvarum, but only severe fever thrombocytopenia syndrome virus was detected in H. concinna. Mixed infection with Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae and severe fever thrombocytopenia syndrome virus was found in I. persulcatus and H. japonica. The gene sequences of all tested pathogens exhibited 95.7%–100% homology with sequences registered in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis showed that different spotted fever group Rickettsia and severe fever thrombocytopenia syndrome virus genotypes were closely related to the Korean strains. We provide the first evidence for the presence of the spotted fever group Rickettsia genotypes of Candidatus Rickettsia longicornii, ompA, ompB, sca4, and rrs, in Haemaphysalis longicornis in Yanbian. Conclusions﻿These results provide epidemiological data to support the prevention and control of ticks and tick-borne diseases in the border areas of China, North Korea, and Russia.
The Impact of an All-Female Healthcare Environment on Mentorship and Empowerment of Female Healthcare Professionals in LMICs
Authors: Munabi Naikhoba , Auslander Allyn , Xepoleas Meredith D. , Bunker Libby D. , Vangsness Kella L. , Koualla Sara , Magee Kathy S. , Magee William P. , Yao Caroline A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have the greatest need for additional healthcare providers, and women outside the workforce could help address the need. Women in healthcare need more mentorship and leadership training to advance their careers. This study evaluates how women working together on a medical team impacts mentorship, leadership and empowerment. Methods: An all-female volunteer team participating in a cleft surgery mission in Oujda, Morocco were surveyed before and after the mission. Responses were analyzed according to country of origin, national gender equality ranking, volunteer role, and prior mentorship experiences. Statistical analysis with student’s t-test or chi-squared were performed with significance defined as p<0.05. Results: 95 female volunteers from 23 countries participated and 85% completed surveys. Volunteers from HICs (32%) and LMICs (68%) had similar mission roles (p=0.58) and duration of volunteerism (p=0.69). Experience as a mission volunteer (p=0.47), team leader (p=0.28), and educator (p=0.18) were equivalent between cohorts. 73% of women had previously received mentorship but 98% wanted more. 75% had previously mentored others, but 97% wanted to be mentors. Over 90% of past mentor-mentee relationships were between women. 73% of volunteers who had no prior mentorship found their first mentor during the mission. All participants found a long-term peer relationship and felt motivated to mentor women at home. All volunteers felt empowered and enjoyed the mission. Over 95% were inspired to pursue leadership positions, advance professionally, and work with other women at home.Conclusion: Female healthcare professionals in HICs and LMICs desire more mentorship than is available. An all-female healthcare environment can provide opportunities for mentorship and create lasting motivation to teach, lead, and advance professionally. Increasing the visibility of female professionals may effectively empower women in healthcare.
Immunogenicity of a New Enhanced Tetanus-reduced Dose Diphtheria-acellular Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccine Against Bordetella Pertussis in a Murine Model
Authors: Kang Kyu Ri , Huh Dong Ho , Kim Ji Ahn , Kang Jin Han 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe necessity of the tetanus-reduced dose diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine in adolescence and adults has been emphasized since the resurgence of small-scale pertussis in Korea and worldwide due to the waning effect of the vaccine and variant pathogenic stains in the late 1990s. GreenCross Pharma (GC Pharma), a Korean company, developed the Tdap vaccine GC3111 in 2010. Recently, they enhanced the former vaccine GC3111 to reinforce the antibody response against filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). In this study, the immunogenicity and efficacy of the enhanced Tdap vaccine were compared and evaluated between the former Tdap vaccine GC3111 and the commercially available Tdap vaccine in a murine model.MethodsBalb/C mice were primed with two doses of the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine followed by a single booster Tdap vaccine at 6 weeks using the commercially available Tdap vaccine or 2 Tdap vaccines from GC Pharma (GC3111, enhanced GC3111). Humoral response was assessed 1 week before and 2 and 4 weeks after Tdap booster vaccination. The INF-γ (Th1), IL-5 (Th2), and IL-17 (Th17) cytokines were assessed 4 weeks after booster vaccination by stimulation with three simulators: heat inactivated Bordetella pertussis (hBp), vaccine antigens, and hBp mixed with antigens. An intranasal challenge test was performed 4 weeks after booster vaccination.ResultsThe enhanced GC3111 generated a humoral response to filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) that was comparable to that of the commercial vaccine. Regarding cell-mediated immunity, cytokine secretion differed among the three simulators. However, no difference was found between the groups. All the vaccinated groups indicated a Th1/Th2 response. The mean value of INF-γ in the control and study groups (simulated with hBp mixed with antigens) was 12,551.69, and the mean value of IL-5 (simulated with antigens) was 1,782.47 pg/mL. On Day 5 post-intranasal challenge, B. pertussis colonies were absent in the lungs in all groups.ConclusionsOur results confirmed the immunogenicity of GC Pharma’s Tdap vaccine; enhanced GC3111 was equivalent to the presently used commercial vaccine in terms of humoral response as well as cell-mediated cytokine expression.
Association Between Risk of VTE and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Chen Shujing , Zheng Tianqi , Wang Sihua , Yu Yongfu , Wang Peng , Yu Qing , Xue Yuan , Song Yuanlin , Jiang Jinjun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 appeared high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which exhibited the predictor of mortality in non-COVID-19 patients. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association between risk of VTE with 30-day mortality in COVID-19 patients.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 1030 consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were recruited in two hospitals of Wuhan, China. We collected baseline data on demographics, SOFA parameters, and VTE risk assessment models (RAMs) including Padua Prediction Score (PPS), IMPROVE and Caprini RAM. The primary outcome of the study was 30-day mortality. Results: Thirty-day mortality increased progressively from 2% in patients at low risk of VTE to 63% in those at high risk defined by PPS. Similar findings were also observed for risk of VTE defined by IMPROVE and Caprini score. Progressive increases in VTE risk also were associated with higher SOFA score. Our findings showed that the presence of high risk of VTE was independently associated with 30-day mortality regardless of adjusted gender, smoking status and some comorbidities with hazard ratios of 29.19, 37.37, 20.60 for PPS, IMPROVE and Caprini RAM, respectively (P< 0.001 for all comparisons). Predictive accuracy of PPS (AUC, 0.900), IMPROVE (AUC, 0.917) or Caprini RAM (AUC, 0.861) as the risk of 30-day mortality was markedly well.Conclusions: The presence of high risk of VTE identifies a group of patients with COVID-19 at higher risk for 30-day mortality. Furthermore, there is higher accuracy of VTE RAMs to predict 30-day mortality in these patients.
Strong Anisotropic Enhancement of Photoluminescence in WS2 Integrated With Plasmonic Nanowire Array
Authors: Han Chunrui , Wang Yu , Zhou Weihu , Ye Jianting 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have shown great potential for a wide range of applications in photonics and optoelectronics. Nevertheless, valley decoherence severely randomizes its polarization which is important to a light emitter. Plasmonic metasurface with a unique way to manipulate the light-matter interaction may provide an effective and practical solution. Here by integrating TMDCs with plasmonic nanowire arrays, we demonstrate strong anisotropic enhancement of the excitonic emission at different spectral positions. For the indirect bandgap transition in bilayer WS2, multifold enhancement can be achieved with the PL polarization either perpendicular or parallel to the long axis of nanowires, which arises from the coupling of WS2 with localized or guided plasmon modes, respectively. Moreover, PL of a high linearity is obtained in the direct bandgap transition benefiting from, in addition to the plasmonic enhancement, the directional diffraction scattering of nanowire arrays. Our method with enhanced PL intensity contrasts to the conventional form-birefringence based on the aspect ratio of nanowire arrays where the intensity loss is remarkable. Our results provide a prototypical plasmon-exciton hybrid system for anisotropic enhancement of the PL at the nanoscale, enabling simultaneous control of intensity, polarization and wavelength toward practical ultrathin photonic devices based on TMDCs.
The Lipid Metabolites Profile in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: A Controlled Study of Cancer Tissue Versus Matched Para-Cancer Tissue
Authors: Hong Xu , Sun Jian , Zhou Ling , Zhu Hui Ying , Zhou De Hua , Qiu Guang Ting , Cheng Ming , Chen Yang , Yu Hua , Dou Ning , He Chen Xiang , Wang Xin Yu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background and objectives: Most patients with pancreatic cancer were diagnosed at a late stage because identifying pancreatic cancer early was difficult. Therefore, it was of great significance to screen specific biomarkers in early stage of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the profile and characteristics of lipid metabolites in patients with pancreatic cancer and to correlate the expression level of these metabolites with the tumor.Methods: A total of 9 tissue samples from patients with pancreatic cancer were collected and divided into cancer group and para-cancer group according to different sites. All patients’ samples were performed a metabolomics analysis based on Liquid Tandem Chromatography Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry.Results: PCA based on lipidomics analysis could clearly distribute in different regions. OPLS-DA analysis could filter out the irrelevant variables in metabolites and obtain more reliable information about the intergroup differences of metabolites. The volcano plot was used to visualize all variables with VIP>1 and presented the important variables with P<0.05 and |FC|>2. Euclidean distance matrix was calculated for the quantitative values of the differential metabolites, and the differential metabolites were clustered by using the full linkage method and heat map was used to demonstrate. The different metabolites of each group were compared and analyzed by radar map, the corresponding ratio of the quantitative value of differential metabolites were calculated. Heatmap of correlation analysis showed the correlation coefficient between different metabolites. Bar plot visualized the variation degree and classification information of metabolites. Bubble plot showed the variation degree, difference significance degree and classification information of metabolites.Conclusion: The tissue samples of pancreatic cancer had the characteristics of lipidomics, and the difference of lipid metabolites could be used as potential tumor markers of pancreatic cancer.
Understanding the Impact of Histology on the Post-Surgery Prognosis for Patients 70 Years and Older With I A Stage Non-Small Lung Cancer
Authors: Hao Bo , Feng Hao Jie , Wan Xiao Xia , Zhang Lin , Lu Zi Long , Liu Bohao , He Ru Yuan , Meng Heng , Fan Tao , Jiang Wen Yang , Geng Qing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Few studies investigated whether the types of histology had an influence on the postsurgical prognosis for patients 70 years and older with Ⅰ A stage non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: The study population in our study were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program.Results: A total of 10,376 eligible patients were included in our study. In both lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSQCC) patients with TS ≤10 mm, sublobar resection (SR) achieved similar overall survival (OS) (LUAD: HR=0.843, 95% CI (0.673, 1.062), P=0.149; LSQCC: HR=0.799, 95 %CI (0.615, 0.036), P=0.091) and LCSS (LUAD: HR=1.074, 95% CI (0.626, 1.843), P=0.795; LSQCC: HR=0.987, 95 % CI (0.532, 1.833), P=0.967) to lobectomy (LT). For LUAD patients with TS >10 mm &≤20 mm, LT was associated with better OS (HR=0.785, 95% CI (0.703, 878), P<0.001) but not LCSS (HR=0.962, 95% CI (0.766, 1.209), P=0.741); while for LSQCC, LT yielded similar OS (HR=0.864, 95% CI (0.746, 1.005), P=0.051) and LCSS (HR=0.872, 95% CI (0.675, 1.128), P=0.297). LUAD patients with TS>20 mm &≤30 mm received SR were at a significant risk of reduction of OS (HR=0.816, 95% CI (0.709, 0.938), P=0.004) but not LCSS (HR=0.954, 95% CI (0.732, 1.244), P=0.729); while for LSQCC, patients received LT had a better OS (HR=0.742, 95% CI (0.624, 0.883), P<0.001) but not LCSS (HR=0.776, 95% CI (0.563, 1.071), P=0.123). Conclusion: The postsurgical prognosis differed in patients with different histology, and SR maybe acceptable for elderly LUAD patients with TS ≤10 mm and LSQCC patients with TS ≤20 mm.