bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method to the madness: Impact of method of contact on intervention acceptance rates for antimicrobial stewardship interventions
Authors: Stevens Ryan W. , Fjeld Hannah D. , Cutchins Coleman , Westley Benjamin P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe retrospectively evaluated antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) interventions over a 63-month period. We compared acceptance rates for those interventions communicated telephonically versus those communicated with a temporary note left in the electronic medical record. Telephonic communication produced superior acceptance rates overall and when analyzed by intervention type and provider.
Records for time-dependent stationary Gaussian sequences
Authors: Falk Michael , Khorrami Chokami Amir , Padoan Simone A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor a zero-mean, unit-variance stationary univariate Gaussian process we derive the probability that a record at the time n, say
$X_n$
, takes place, and derive its distribution function. We study the joint distribution of the arrival time process of records and the distribution of the increments between records. We compute the expected number of records. We also consider two consecutive and non-consecutive records, one at time j and one at time n, and we derive the probability that the joint records
$(X_j,X_n)$
occur, as well as their distribution function. The probability that the records
$X_n$
and
$(X_j,X_n)$
take place and the arrival time of the nth record are independent of the marginal distribution function, provided that it is continuous. These results actually hold for a strictly stationary process with Gaussian copulas.
A unifying approach to branching processes in a varying environment
Authors: Kersting Götz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBranching processes $(Z_n)_{n \ge 0}$ in a varying environment generalize the Galton–Watson process, in that they allow time dependence of the offspring distribution. Our main results concern general criteria for almost sure extinction, square integrability of the martingale $(Z_n/\mathrm E[Z_n])_{n \ge 0}$, properties of the martingale limit W and a Yaglom-type result stating convergence to an exponential limit distribution of the suitably normalized population size $Z_n$, conditioned on the event $Z_n \gt 0$. The theorems generalize/unify diverse results from the literature and lead to a classification of the processes.
On first passage times of sticky reflecting diffusion processes with double exponential jumps
Authors: Song Shiyu , Wang Yongjin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe explore the first passage problem for sticky reflecting diffusion processes with double exponential jumps. The joint Laplace transform of the first passage time to an upper level and the corresponding overshoot is studied. In particular, explicit solutions are presented when the diffusion part is driven by a drifted Brownian motion and by an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process.
Optimal stopping for the exponential of a Brownian bridge
Authors: de Angelis Tiziano , Milazzo Alessandro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study the problem of stopping a Brownian bridgeXin order to maximise the expected value of an exponential gain function. The problem was posed by Ernst and Shepp (2015), and was motivated by bond selling with non-negative prices.Due to the non-linear structure of the exponential gain, we cannot rely on methods used in the literature to find closed-form solutions to other problems involving the Brownian bridge. Instead, we must deal directly with a stopping problem for a time-inhomogeneous diffusion. We develop techniques based on pathwise properties of the Brownian bridge and martingale methods of optimal stopping theory, which allow us to find the optimal stopping rule and to show the regularity of the value function.
Association between overall fruit and vegetable intake, and fruit and vegetable sub-types and blood pressure: the PRIME study (Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction)
Authors: Elsahoryi Nour A. , Neville Charlotte E. , Patterson Christopher C. , Linden Gerry J. , Moitry Marie , Biasch Katia , Kee Frank , Amouyel Philippe , Bongard Vanina , Dallongeville Jean , Ferrières Jean , Woodside Jayne V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIncreased fruit and vegetable (FV) intake is associated with reduced blood pressure (BP). However, it is not clear whether the effect of FV on BP depends on the type of FV consumed. Furthermore, there is limited research regarding the comparative effect of juices or whole FV on BP. Baseline data from a prospective cohort study of 10 660 men aged 50–59 years examined not only the cross-sectional association between total FV intake but also specific types of FV and BP in France and Northern Ireland. BP was measured, and dietary intake assessed using FFQ. After adjusting for confounders, both systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were significantly inversely associated with total fruit, vegetable and fruit juice intake; however, when examined according to fruit or vegetable sub-type (citrus fruit, other fruit, fruit juices, cooked vegetables and raw vegetables), only the other fruit and raw vegetable categories were consistently associated with reduced SBP and DBP. In relation to the risk of hypertension based on SBP >140 mmHg, the OR for total fruit, vegetable and fruit juice intake (per fourth) was 0·95 (95 % CI 0·91, 1·00), with the same estimates being 0·98 (95 % CI 0·94, 1·02) for citrus fruit (per fourth), 1·02 (95 % CI 0·98, 1·06) for fruit juice (per fourth), 0·93 (95 % CI 0·89, 0·98) for other fruit (per fourth), 1·05 (95 % CI 0·99, 1·10) for cooked vegetable (per fourth) and 0·86 (95 % CI 0·80, 0·91) for raw vegetable intakes (per fourth). Similar results were obtained for DBP. In conclusion, a high overall intake of fruit, vegetables and fruit juice was inversely associated with SBP, DBP and risk of hypertension, but this differed by FV sub-type, suggesting that the strength of the association between FV sub-types and BP might be related to the type consumed, or to processing or cooking-related factors.
Deprivation in the Midst of Plenty: Citizen Polarization and Political Protest
Authors: Griffin John D. , Kiewiet de Jonge Chad , Velasco-Guachalla Vania Ximena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article elaborates relative deprivation theory to a societal level to argue that political unrest is rooted in the polarization of citizens' grievance judgments, rather than the mean level of societal grievance. Using data from twelve cross-national survey projects, it examines the relationship between citizen polarization and political protest in eighty-four democracies and semi-democracies from 1977 to 2010. The study finds that countries with more polarized citizens are more likely to experience nonviolent protest. Protests are most likely in countries where average citizen grievances are low but citizens are polarized, which is consistent with the elaborated theoretical expectations of relative deprivation theory.
The characteristic signs and symptoms of mania and depression according to Kraepelin circa 1905: a comparison with DSM-III
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough the rise of operationalized diagnostic criteria and the creation of DSM-III were influenced in the USA by a neo-Kraepelinian ‘revival’ of interest in psychiatric nosology, Kraepelin was only a distal influence on the specific diagnostic criteria proposed. The historical origins of the DSM-III criteria for mania and major depression (MD) are traceable back to the 1950s and contain no direct link to Kraepelin's writings. George Dreyfus, a student and assistant to Kraepelin, authored in 1907 a monograph on Involutional Melancholia which reviewed cases seen by Kraepelin in Heidelberg. In this monograph, Dreyfus presents the ‘characteristic’ symptoms for mania and depression ‘as described by Kraepelin.’ This historical finding provides the unprecedented opportunity to examine the resemblance between the criteria proposed for mania and depression in DSM-III, inspired by Kraepelin's nosologic vision, and those specifically suggested by Kraepelin 73 years earlier. Kraepelin's symptoms and signs for mania paralleled seven of the eight DSM-III criteria (except the decreased need for sleep), with two not included in DSM-III (increased mental activity and short bursts of sadness). Kraepelin's signs and symptoms paralleled six of the nine DSM-III criteria for MD, lacking suicidal ideation and changes in appetite/weight and sleep but including obsessions, reduced expressive movements, and decreased mood responsiveness. Although Kraepelin's overall approach to mania and depression emphasized their close inter-relationship in the cyclic course of manic-depressive illness, it is noteworthy Kraepelin's ‘characteristic’ symptoms for mania and depression as described by Dreyfus, bear substantial but incomplete resemblance to the criteria proposed in DSM-III.
Returning to the root: Radical feminist thought and feminist theories of International Relations
Authors: Duriesmith David , Meger Sara 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFeminist International Relations (IR) theory is haunted by a radical feminist ghost. From Enloe's suggestion that the personal is both political and international, often seen as the foundation of feminist IR, feminist IR scholarship has been built on the intellectual contributions of a body of theory it has long left for dead. Though Enloe's sentiment directly references the Hanisch's radical feminist rallying call, there is little direct engagement with the radical feminist thinkers who popularised the sentiment in IR. Rather, since its inception, the field has been built on radical feminist thought it has left for dead. This has left feminist IR troubled by its radical feminist roots and the conceptual baggage that feminist IR has unreflectively carried from second-wave feminism into its contemporary scholarship. By returning to the roots of radical feminism we believe IR can gain valuable insights regarding the system of sex-class oppression, the central role of heterosexuality in maintaining this system, and the feminist case for revolutionary political action in order to dismantle it.
A blockchain-based decentralized booking system
Authors: Dong Naipeng , Bai Guangdong , Huang Lung-Chen , Lim Edmund Kok Heng , Dong Jin Song 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Blockchain technology has rapidly emerged as a decentralized trusted network to replace the traditional centralized intermediator. Especially, the smart contracts that are based on blockchain allow users to define the agreed behaviour among them, the execution of which will be enforced by the smart contracts. Based on this, we propose a decentralized booking system that uses the blockchain as the intermediator between hoteliers and travellers. The system enjoys the trustworthiness of blockchain, improves efficiency and reduces the cost of the traditional booking agencies. The design of the system has been formally modelled using the CSP# language and verified using the model checker Process Analysis Toolkit. We have implemented a prototype decentralized booking system based on the Ethereum ecosystem.
Category, process, and recommendation of design in an interactive evolutionary computation interior design experiment: a data-driven study
Authors: Huang Weixin , Su Xia , Wu Mingbo , Yang Lijing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDesign is a complicated and sophisticated process with numerous existing theories trying to describe it. To verify theories and quantitatively describe the design process, design experiment, and data analysis are crucial and inevitable. However, applying data analysis in the design experiment is tricky and design data is not fully utilized in many aspects. To explore the potential of design experiment data, this paper introduces data-driven research based on an interior design experiment, aiming to reveal the category and process of design by conducting data analysis, visualization, and recommendation. We introduce an interactive evolutionary computation (IEC) design experiment that deals with a simplified interior design task and has already been tested on 230 subjects. Using the data gathered during the experiment, we conduct data analysis and visualization involving methods including Holistic color interval and K-means clustering to show categories and processes in design. Additionally, we train a content-based recommendation system with experiment data to capture user preference and make the IEC system more efficient and intelligent. The analysis and visualization show clear design categories and capture an evident trend towards the final design outcome. The application of the recommendation system brings a prominent improvement to the IEC system. This research shows the great potential of the various data-driven methods in design research.
A novel dual-band dual-polarized shared-aperture antenna with high isolation
Authors: Xu Jiachen , Lan Bozhang , Zhang Jiakai , Guo Chenjiang , Ding Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a novel dual-band (DB) dual-polarized (DP) shared aperture antenna with high isolation by using a combination of microstrip dipoles and dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) for S and C bands, respectively. In the S band, two sets of proximity coupled stacked microstrip dipoles which crossed at the center are employed to achieve dual-linear polarization (DLP) and obtain desired bandwidth (BW), isolation, and pure polarization. The rectangle DRA with hybrid feed is selected as the C band element for its advantages of small base area and high isolation, and a 2 × 2 array is presented with the “pair-wise” anti-phase feed technique to achieve a low cross-polarized level. Moreover, benefited from the back feed scheme, the proposed antenna has a symmetrical structure and has the potential of expanding into a larger aperture. The proposed antenna has been manufactured and measured, and the results agree well with simulations, which prove the validity of the proposed design.
Calf deep vein thrombosis – clinical relevance, diagnostic approaches and therapeutic options
Authors: Elmi Giovanna , Rinaldi Elisa Rebecca , Domanico Andrea , Aluigi Leonardo 
Published: May 2020

Summary. Isolated distal deep vein thromboses (IDDVT) represent up to 50 % of legs deep vein thromboses (DVT). However, since their natural history is to date unknown, the need to diagnose and treat them is a matter of debate. The diagnostic strategy based on the assessment of pre-test probability and D-dimer demonstrated a scarse efficiency for IDDVT. The choice between a proximal and a complete ultrasonographic approach should be guided by the clinical context, the local expertise and the patient characteristics. Randomized and observational studies have analyzed the need of therapy and compared different regimens of anticoagulation, with conflicting results. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses tend to support the usefulness of an anticoagulant treatment, even if the optimal dose and duration are not still defined. A careful stratification of the patient’s profile, taking into account risk factors for proximal extension, recurrence and bleeding should address the therapeutic approach, which must always be discussed with an adequately informed patient. Further studies aimed to clarify the natural history of IDDVT, and to assess safety and efficacy of lower intensity and shorter duration protocols are urgently needed.
Analysis of the Impact of Long‐Term Changes in the Geomagnetic Field on the Spatial Pattern of the Weddell Sea Anomaly
Authors: Slominska Ewa , Strumik Marek , Slominski Jan , Haagmans Roger , Floberghagen Rune 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe simulated the impact of long‐term changes in the geomagnetic field on the spatial pattern of the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA). The Weddell Sea Anomaly, belonging to the region near the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, Falklands, and surrounding seas, is the best‐known example of ionospheric reversed diurnal cycle. This paper investigates whether and to what extent long‐term changes in the geomagnetic field influence spatial morphology of the WSA. The major concept centers on a normalized density difference index, serving as a measure of difference between dayside and nightside ionospheric density. Through combined analysis of in situ ionospheric electron density data from past mission CHAMP, ongoing ESA mission Swarm, and simulations based on the NCAR TIEGCM model, we examine changes in the spatial pattern of the WSA‐like anomalies, which could be linked to long‐term changes in the geomagnetic field. A series of simulations provides theoretical analysis of changes in the morphology of the WSA on time scales longer than several decades. Numerical analysis shows that from the time when the WSA was discovered (around 1960) till present, maximum of the WSA has migrated by approximately 7° in longitude towards the Pacific Ocean, showing clear westward drift, consistent with temporal evolution of the geomagnetic dipole component.
Rapid Mineral Precipitation During Shear Fracturing of Carbonate‐Rich Shales
Authors: Menefee Anne H. , Welch Nathan J. , Frash Luke P. , Hicks Wes , Carey J. William , Ellis Brian R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTarget subsurface reservoirs for emerging low‐carbon energy technologies and geologic carbon sequestration typically have low permeability and thus rely heavily on fluid transport through natural and induced fracture networks. Sustainable development of these systems requires deeper understanding of how geochemically mediated deformation impacts fracture microstructure and permeability evolution, particularly with respect to geochemical reactions between pore fluids and the host rock. In this work, a series of triaxial direct shear experiments was designed to evaluate how fractures generated at subsurface conditions respond to penetration of reactive fluids with a focus on the role of mineral precipitation. Calcite‐rich shale cores were directly sheared under 3.5 MPa confining pressure using BaCl2‐rich solutions as a working fluid. Experiments were conducted within an X‐ray computed tomography (xCT) scanner to capture 4‐D evolution of fracture geometry and precipitate growth. Three shear tests evidenced nonuniform precipitation of barium carbonates (BaCO3) along through‐going fractures, where the extent of precipitation increased with increasing calcite content. Precipitates were strongly localized within fracture networks due to mineral, geochemical, and structural heterogeneities and generally concentrated in smaller apertures where rock:water ratios were highest. The combination of elevated fluid saturation and reactive surface area created in freshly activated fractures drove near‐immediate mineral precipitation that led to an 80% permeability reduction and significant flow obstruction in the most reactive core. While most previous studies have focused on mixing‐induced precipitation, this work demonstrates that fluid–rock interactions can trigger precipitation‐induced permeability alterations that can initiate or mitigate risks associated with subsurface energy systems.
The Mechanism of the Freshwater Outflow Through the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna Delta
Authors: Kida Shinichiro , Yamazaki Dai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna (GBM) delta is a major source of freshwater for the Bay of Bengal. The flow through this megadelta is complex because of its large size and numerous river networks, making the region a challenging area for river‐routing models. This study investigates the dynamics of the riverine outflow across the GBM delta and its interaction with the ocean on monthly to seasonal time scales, using a two‐layer model that represents the riverine water and the oceanic water. The model simulates a seasonal increase and decrease of discharge and sea surface height (SSH) at both the main stem and the distributaries. Although discharge through the main stem is driven by that propagating from the upstream, model experiments show that the distributaries are an active region of river‐ocean interactions as a result of a river plume established on the oceanic side of the river mouth. This river plume is induced by river discharge in the presence of the Coriolis force and is associated with an increase in SSH along the coast. Backwater is induced at the river mouth, resulting in convergence and higher SSH in distributaries. The narrow, meandering, and shallow paths of the distributaries enhance the role of friction on the flow from the upstream, making their river mouths more sensitive to oceanic variability. The results of our study demonstrate that river plumes may play a central role in the dynamics of megadelta flow by connecting the dynamics at the main stem and the distributaries with ocean dynamics.
Understanding Spacecraft Trajectories Through Detached Magnetotail Interchange Heads
Authors: Panov Evgeny V. , Lu San , Pritchett Philip L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe kinetic ballooning/interchange instability (BICI) was recently found to produce azimuthally narrow interchange heads extending into the dipole region from a reversed radial gradient of BZ in the near‐Earth magnetotail. In their nonlinear evolution individual heads were predicted to detach from the reversed BZ gradient and grow into transient earthward moving northward magnetic field intensifications (dipolarization fronts; DFs). The distinguished signatures of such fronts would be their oblique propagation and cross‐tail localization due to the finite ky structure of the BICI modes. Simultaneous conjugate observations of DFs by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms probes at 11 Earth's radii (RE) downtail and of sudden brightening and growth of individual auroral beads by the all‐sky imagers on the ground have been suggested to be ionospheric signature of detached magnetotail interchange heads (Panov et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083070). Here we compare such DFs with a simulated interchange head during later(detachment)‐stage BICI head development. The comparison reveals similarly structured leading edges and trailing tails in both the observed DFs and the simulated BICI head. We further identify Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms trajectories through the DFs and find that the trajectories were due to oblique (earthward and dawnward) DF propagation. This analysis further supports the idea that BICI indeed releases obliquely propagating azimuthally localized dipolarization fronts in the Earth's magnetotail.