bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors and short‐term outcomes of post‐stroke fatigue in initial phase of transition from hospital to home: A prospective observational study
Authors: Su Ya , Asamoto Mitsuko , Yuki Michiko , Saito Masaru , Hasebe Naoko , Hirayama Kengo , Otsuki Mika , Iino Chieko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo analyse the interactions of associated factors with post stroke fatigue (PSF) after discharge home and determine the predictors of PSF and their impact on stroke survivors.DesignA prospective observational study.MethodsA total of 94 patients with acute stroke were recruited between May 2019 ‐July 2020. The main outcomes were fatigue, depression, insomnia, sarcopenia, and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and were assessed at admission and 1 month after discharge. Fatigue was measured using the Fatigue Assessment Scale. Depression and Insomnia were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale‐Depression and Insomnia Severity Index, respectively. Sarcopenia was measured using the SARC‐F questionnaire, and HRQOL was assessed using the Short Form‐8.ResultsAcute phase PSF was an independent predictor of PSF after discharge home. Moreover the path analysis revealed that this effect is mediated through both the direct effect of acute‐phase PSF on PSF after discharge home and through the indirect effect of interaction with pre‐stroke SARC‐F, acute phase depression, and acute phase insomnia, which remains a separate predictor of acute‐phase PSF. In total, 17% of the survivors had persistent PSF. Persistent PSF was significantly associated with depression, insomnia, sarcopenia, and a lower quality of life scores.ConclusionsPost‐stroke fatigue may occur in the acute phase and persists after discharge, it will not only affect later depression, insomnia, and quality of life, but also sarcopenia.ImpactAcute phase PSF was found to be an independent predictor of PSF after discharge home. In addition, the interaction with pre‐stroke SARC‐F, acute phase depression and insomnia had an indirect connection with PSF after discharge home, which remains a separate predictor of acute‐phase PSF. Thus, early assessment and management of mental status, sleep problems, and sarcopenia during hospitalization might be an important step in post‐stroke rehabilitation and home transition.
Risk stratification in asymptomatic patients with Brugada syndrome: Utility of multiple risk factor combination rather than programmed electrical stimulation
Authors: Shinohara Tetsuji , Takagi Masahiko , Kamakura Tsukasa , Sekiguchi Yukio , Yokoyama Yasuhiro , Aihara Naohiko , Hiraoka Masayasu , Aonuma Kazutaka ,   for the Japan Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation Study (J‐IVFS) Investigators
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic value of programmed electrical stimulation (PES) in Brugada syndrome (BrS) remains controversial. Asymptomatic BrS patients generally have a better prognosis than those with symptoms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of nonaggressive PES with up to two extra stimuli and predict clinical factors for risk stratification in asymptomatic BrS patients.MethodsThe study enrolled 193 consecutive asymptomatic BrS patients with type 1 ECG (mean age: 50 ± 13 years, 180 males) who underwent PES using a nonaggressive uniform protocol. Cardiac events (CEs: sudden cardiac death or ventricular tachyarrhythmia) during the follow‐up period were examined.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up of 101 ± 48 months, seven asymptomatic patients (3.6%) had a CE. The incidence of CEs was not different between patients with and without inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmia by PES (p = .51). The clinical significance of risk factor combinations, including spontaneous type 1 ECG, family history of sudden cardiac death, QRS duration in lead V2, and presence of J wave, was evaluated. Using the Kaplan–Meier method according to the number of risk factors, the prevalence of CE in patients with three or four risk factors was determined to be significantly higher than in those with one risk factor (p = .02 and p = .004, respectively).ConclusionsThe present study suggests that inducibility of ventricular tachyarrhythmia does not predict future CEs in asymptomatic BrS patients. Combination analysis of the other four clinical risk parameters may be effective for risk assessment.
Anatomical insights into posterior wall isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation: A hypothesis to protect the esophagus
Authors: Lu Xiaofeng , Peng Shi , Wu Xiaoyu , Zhou Genqing , Wei Yong , Cai Lidong , Xu Juan , Ding Yu , Chen Songwen , Liu Shaowen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionLeft atrial posterior wall (LAPW) isolation may be performed as an additional atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation strategy based on pulmonary vein isolation. A modified posterior‐inferior line (MPL) was proposed for reducing esophageal injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical characteristics of the MPL, compared with the conventional posterior line (CPL).Methods and ResultsMultidetector computed tomography was performed in 102 consecutive AF patients (male/female = 60/42) preoperative, and the parameters were evaluated as follows: the distance from MPL and CPL to the esophagus, fat pad presence and thickness in the course of MPL and CPL, and the esophageal route below CPL. The average distance from the MPL to the esophagus was longer than from CPL to the esophagus (3.7 ± 1.5 vs. 1.7 ± 0.4 mm, p < .001). Proportion of fat pad was higher in the course of MPL than CPL. The myocardium tissue and fat pad under MPL was thicker than under CPL (2.9 ± 1.1 vs. 1.6 ± 0.3 mm, p < .001; 1.4 ± 0.6 vs. 0.9 ± 0.2 mm, p < .001), respectively. In patients whose esophagus was unconfined in a triangular space at the left inferior pulmonary vein level, the average distance from MPL to esophagus was longer than the confined patients (4.0 ± 1.7 vs. 3.2 ± 1.0 mm, p = .001).ConclusionThe MPL was far away from the esophagus with thicker myocardium tissue and more fat pad than the CPL; thus, MPL could serve as a favorable alternative in linear ablation for LAPW isolation.
Evaluation of a novel monoclonal antibody‐based enzyme immunoassay for detection of Histoplasma antigen in urine of dogs
Authors: Clark Kristen , Hanzlicek Andrew S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCommercially available, noninvasive testing options for histoplasmosis are limited outside of the United States.ObjectivesTo describe the diagnostic performance of a novel Histoplasma antigen enzyme immunoassay (IM EIA) for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in dogs.AnimalsTwenty dogs with histoplasmosis, 79 dogs without histoplasmosis, and 11 unclassified dogs providing 202 urine samples.MethodsThis a prospective study using stored urine samples. Samples were analyzed with the IM EIA and with the commercially available Histoplasma antigen EIA (MV EIA). Dogs were classified based on final proven diagnosis and performance of the IM EIA was described and compared with the MiraVista enzyme immunoassay (MV EIA).ResultsThe diagnostic sensitivity (DSe), specificity (DSp), and accuracy (DAc) of the IM EIA were 70% (51%‐89%), 99% (97%‐100%), and 93% (81%‐100%), respectively. The DSe, DSp, and DAc for the MV EIA were 95% (85%‐100%), 99% (97%‐100%), and 98% (95%‐100%), respectively. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was significantly smaller for IM EIA (0.87) as compared with MV EIA (0.97, P = .03). This was primarily due to 6 false negative IM EIA results, 4 from dogs with disease localized to the gastrointestinal tract. The MV EIA was positive in 5/6 of these dogs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe IM EIA might be useful for the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in dogs, but clinical usefulness will be limited in dogs with histoplasmosis localized to the GI tract.
Evaluation of 3 refractometers to determine transfer of passive immunity in neonatal beef calves
Authors: Gamsjäger Lisa , Elsohaby Ibrahim , Pearson Jennifer M. , Levy Michel , Pajor Edmond A. , Windeyer M. Claire 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundRefractometry is used to assess transfer of passive immunity (TPI), but studies evaluating different refractometers and appropriate thresholds for recommended target immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations for beef calves are limited.ObjectivesTo evaluate test performance of digital (DSTP) and optical (OSTP) serum total protein (STP) refractometers and a digital Brix (DBRIX) refractometer for assessment of passive immunity in beef calves.AnimalsA total of 398 beef calves from 6 herds, 1 to 7 days of age.MethodsSerum IgG concentration was estimated by DSTP, OSTP, and DBRIX, and measured by radial immunodiffusion (RID). Correlation coefficients (r) among results were calculated. Optimal STP and Brix thresholds for identification of IgG <10, <16, and <24 g/L were determined using interval likelihood ratios. Refractometer performance and agreement were assessed using areas under the curve (AUC), diagnostic test characteristics, Cohen's kappa (κ), and Bland‐Altman analysis.ResultsRefractometer results were highly correlated with RID (r = 0.82‐0.91) and with each other (r = 0.91‐0.95), and overall test performance was excellent (AUC = 0.93‐0.99). The STP concentrations of ≤5.1, ≤5.1, and ≤5.7 g/dL and Brix percentages of ≤7.9%, ≤8.3%, and ≤8.7% indicated IgG concentrations <10, <16, and <24 g/L, respectively. Agreement of refractometers with RID was variable (κ = 0.46‐0.80) and among refractometers was substantial (κ = 0.62‐0.89).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAll refractometers showed good utility as monitoring tools for assessment of TPI in beef calves.
Participatory Research in Mesoamerica and Data Protection in Europe (and Elsewhere)
Authors: Cant Alanna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis essay examines the tensions between participatory ethnographic research methods and newly emerging legal regimes of data protection and privacy. Drawing on the example of recent grant‐funded research in Mexico, the essay charts how the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation impedes the practices and ethos of participatory research in significant ways. In particular, new legal requirements about data collection, access and storage, and “the right to be forgotten,” effectively preclude integrating community members into research planning or data collection. As countries around the world move toward more robust and comprehensive data protection and privacy laws, the issues raised in this essay are likely to become more pressing in many different research contexts in the future. [Mexico, data protection, participatory research, privacy laws].
“Beyond an acronym, STEM is…”: Perceptions of STEM
Authors: Navy Shannon L. , Kaya Fatma , Boone Brian , Brewster Christine , Calvelage Kelly , Ferdous Tanzimul , Hood Ebony , Sass Laura , Zimmerman Maggie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough STEM is at the forefront of many educational initiatives, little is known about various professionals’ perceptions of STEM. This mixed‐methods study surveyed 164 preservice teachers, inservice teachers, administrators, informal educators, and STEM professionals. Quantitative and qualitative questions on the survey elicited participants’ perceptions of STEM, STEM support, and STEM careers. Quantitative analysis revealed that profession influenced understandings of STEM, importance of STEM, support for STEM, and perceptions of STEM career opportunities. Qualitative analysis provided rich explanations for the differences in perceptions among professions. This study suggests that science teacher educators need to ensure preservice teachers have understandings of STEM and STEM careers, K‐16 educators need to emphasize the current importance of STEM, and administrators and policymakers need to align visions of STEM with curriculum and pacing guides so teachers feel supported in their STEM endeavors.
Measuring rural access for SDG 9.1.1
Authors: Workman Robin , McPherson Kevin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Rural Access Index is a measure of access developed by the World Bank and has been incorporated into the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as indicator 9.1.1. This measures the proportion of the rural population living within 2 km of an all‐season road, using GIS layers and relying on three data sources: population, road network location and condition. Open GIS data are used for population and road location, but there are challenges to define the all‐season status of roads. Every country measures road condition differently and against different parameters, which makes consistency of the all‐season status between countries difficult. This article reports on research to refine the GIS methodology for assessing SDG 9.1.1 to make it more sustainable, repeatable and consistent by using geospatial data and tools, based on trials in four countries—Ghana, Malawi, Myanmar and Nepal—which were selected for their diversity of environment and data.
Biogenesis of large dense core vesicles in mouse chromaffin cells
Authors: Dembla Ekta , Becherer Ute 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLarge dense core vesicle (LDCVs) biogenesis in neuroendocrine cells involves: (a) production of cargo peptides processed in the Golgi; (b) fission of cargo loaded LDCVs undergoing maturation steps; (c) movement of these LDCVs to the plasma membrane. These steps have been resolved over several decades in PC12 cells and in bovine chromaffin cells. More recently, the molecular machinery involved in LDCV biogenesis has been examined using genetically modified mice, generating contradictory results. To address these contradictions, we have used NPY‐mCherry electroporation combined with immunolabeling and super‐resolution structured illumination microscopy. We show that LDCVs separate from an intermediate Golgi compartment, mature in its proximity for about 1 hour and then travel to the plasma membrane. The exocytotic machinery composed of vSNAREs and synaptotagmin1, which originate from either de novo synthesis or recycling, is most likely acquired via fusion with precursor vesicles during maturation. Finally, recycling of LDCV membrane protein is achieved in less than 2 hours. With this comprehensive scheme of LDCV biogenesis we have established a framework for future studies in mouse chromaffin cells.
Export as shelter from domestic corruption: Theory and evidence from developing countries
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhou Mohan , Lin Faqin , Gu Lihua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhen corruption becomes a significant barrier to develop domestic business, do firms resort to exporting as a solution? In other words, is there a ‘shelter effect’ of exporting? We build a simple model to analyse the effects of corruption on firms’ domestic versus foreign market sales. The model predicts that when corruption increases the cost of domestic sales, large firms increase exports relative to domestic sales, whereas small firms do the opposite. Using data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys, we provide supportive evidence to these predictions. We also find the ‘shelter effect’ to be weaker for politically connected firms.
Characterizing the Community Collaborations of a Community-Based Student-Run Clinic
Authors: Pennington Kaylin , Harwood Eileen , Sick Brian 
Published: December 2020

Introduction Community-based student-run free clinics (SRCs) can advance health on a community level by reaching populations not served by other organizations and serving as an access point to the healthcare system. However, little is known about the scope of community-engaged efforts undertaken by SRCs, including interorganizational partnerships and relationship-building activities. The primary objective of this study was to characterize the community collaborations of an interprofessional SRC located in a high-poverty area. Methods Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, which included student volunteers holding leadership roles, representatives of community-based organizations, and current and former members of the community advisory board. Results Key informant interviews with student and community leaders offered insight into local community outreach activities and the community advisory board. Findings revealed opportunities to impact community health through more intentional collaboration and relationship-building. Conclusions This exploratory study adds to literature suggesting that community-based SRCs can address service gaps in medically underserved communities while advancing community health through intentional community engagement.
Fasting Glucose Variation Predicts Microvascular Risk in ACCORD and VADT
Authors: Zhou Jin J , Koska Juraj , Bahn Gideon , Reaven Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
The association of glycemic variability with microvascular disease complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been under-studied and remains unclear. We investigated this relationship using both Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) and the Veteran Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT).

Methods
In ACCORD, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured 1 to 3 times/year for up to 84 months in 10 251 individuals. In the VADT, FPG was measured every 3 months for up to 87 months in 1791 individuals. Variability measures included coefficient of variation (CV) and average real variability (ARV) for fasting glucose. The primary composite outcome was time to either severe nephropathy or retinopathy event and secondary outcomes included each outcome individually. To assess the association, we considered variability measures as time-dependent covariates in Cox proportional hazard models. We conducted a meta-analysis across the 2 trials to estimate the risk of fasting glucose variability as well as to assess the heterogenous effects of FPG variability across treatment arms.

Results
In both ACCORD and the VADT, the CV and ARV of FPG were associated with development of future microvascular outcomes even after adjusting for other risk factors, including measures of average glycemic control (ie, cumulative average of HbA1c). Meta-analyses of these 2 trials confirmed these findings and indicated FPG variation may be more harmful in those with less intensive glucose control.

Conclusions
This post hoc analysis indicates that variability of FPG plays a role in, and/or is an independent and readily available marker of, development of microvascular complications in T2D.
HLA Class I Upregulation and Antiviral Immune Responses in Graves Disease
Authors: Weider Therese , Richardson Sarah J , Morgan Noel G , Paulsen Trond H , Dahl-Jørgensen Knut , Hammerstad Sara Salehi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Context
The origin of Graves disease (GD) remains elusive. However, evidence of an association between GD and viral infections is emerging. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I presents viral antigens to circulating immune cells and plays a crucial role in the defense against viral infections.

Objective
This work aimed to investigate HLA class I expression, enterovirus presence, and the viral immune response proteins signal transducer and activation of transcription 1 (STAT1) and protein kinase R (PKR) in thyroid tissue from GD patients.

Methods
We collected thyroid tissue from core needle biopsies or surgical specimens from 48 GD patients and 24 controls. Standard immunohistochemistry was used to detect HLA class I and enteroviral capsid protein 1 (VP1) on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. STAT1 and PKR were examined by combined immunofluorescence staining. HLA class I expression score was the main outcome measure.

Results
The HLA class I expression score, which takes both proportion and intensity of immunostaining into account, was significantly higher in GD patients (3.1 ± 3.3) than in controls (0.5 ± 0.9) (P &lt; .001). Significantly more VP1 positive thyroid cells were found GD samples (50.1 ± 30.5%) than in controls (14.9 ± 10.5%) (P &lt; .001). STAT1 and HLA class I were found within the same thyroid cells and PKR and VP1 were also colocalized within thyroid cells.

Conclusion
HLA class I is upregulated in GD and enterovirus protein is prevalent in thyroid tissue. The colocalization of HLA class I with STAT1 and VP1 with PKR indicates an antiviral tissue response. These findings support the concept of a link between viral infections and GD.
Biosynthetic Activity Differs Between Islet Cell Types and in Beta Cells Is Modulated by Glucose and Not by Secretion
Authors: Cottet-Dumoulin David , Lavallard Vanessa , Lebreton Fanny , Wassmer Charles H , Bellofatto Kevin , Parnaud Géraldine , Berishvili Ekaterine , Berney Thierry , Bosco Domenico 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A correct biosynthetic activity is thought to be essential for the long-term function and survival of islet cells in culture and possibly also after islet transplantation. Compared to the secretory activity, biosynthetic activity has been poorly studied in pancreatic islet cells. Here we aimed to assess biosynthetic activity at the single cell level to investigate if protein synthesis is dependent on secretagogues and increased as a consequence of hormonal secretion. Biosynthetic activity in rat islet cells was studied at the single cell level using O-propargyl-puromycin (OPP) that incorporates into newly translated proteins and chemically ligates to a fluorescent dye by “click” reaction. Heterogeneous biosynthetic activity was observed between the four islet cell types, with delta cells showing the higher relative protein biosynthesis. Beta cells protein biosynthesis was increased in response to glucose while 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, 2 drugs known to stimulate insulin secretion, had no similar effect on protein biosynthesis. However, after several hours of secretion, protein biosynthesis remained high even when cells were challenged to basal conditions. These results suggest that mechanisms regulating secretion and biosynthesis in islet cells are different, with glucose directly triggering beta cells protein biosynthesis, independently of insulin secretion. Furthermore, this OPP labeling approach is a promising method to identify newly synthesized proteins under various physiological and pathological conditions.
Exploring Novel Catalysis Using Polymer-Stabilized Metal Clusters
Authors: Hasegawa Shingo , Tsukuda Tatsuya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Metal clusters composed of no more than one hundred metal atoms have the potential to exhibit novel catalysis that is unexpected from the corresponding bulk and nanoparticles. The emergence of cluster-specific properties is ascribed to the quantized electronic structures, unique geometrical packing, and structural fluxionality. Polymer-stabilized metal clusters provide ideal platforms for exploring new catalysis based on the chemical properties of naked model clusters and studying the correlation between structural parameters and intrinsic catalytic properties of metal clusters. In this article, we describe our recent efforts to explore novel catalysts using polymer-stabilized metal clusters.