bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting physical activity-related health competences in people with intellectual disability
Authors: Bruland D , Mauro A , Latteck ÄD 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Physical inactivity is a global health problem. Physically active people show lower rates of chronic diseases or mortality. People with intellectual disabilities (PWID), a vulnerable group for health problems, have significantly lower levels of physical activity (PA) than general population. Due to reduced cognitive abilities, communicative and literacy skills, PWID have less access to health programs. Target-group-oriented interventions are rare.

Methods
Methodological triangulation to survey PA-related health competences in all 3 subcategories: 3 participating observations and 24 interviews with PWID (inclusion criteria for both: mild or moderate ID); staff online survey (n = 67), all in an integration assistance institution. Participatory approach: 2 expert groups with PWID advise researchers e.g. validating results.

Results
As expected, movement abilities and body awareness various highly from general population. An effect knowledge is widely spread (PA = health), but execution knowledge of PA is only marginally available e.g. not knowing how to increase PA healthy. Control competences as results from interview and observations: intrinsic motivation is highly present (unlike results from staff survey), but volition - self-efficacy and bring into action - is very poor, self-management and a lack of ideas are identified as a major problem. Low expectation of self-efficacy proved to be the biggest obstacles for PA, but caregiver are an own health resource. Expert groups confirm important of PWID perspectives on living environment.

Conclusions
To promote a PA lifestyle, health education with a focus on promoting self-efficacy orientated to the living environment (incl. caregiver) regarding own perspectives and health resources is needed. In this way, a vulnerable group for health problems can be empowered. Results indicate a successful approach to promote PA-related health competences in PWID to minimize health inequalities in relation to general population.

Key messages
Health inequalities among people with intellectual disability through promoting a PA lifestyle can be minimized. Intervention for people with intellectual disabilities must take into account the perspectives and the resources of the users.
Antimicrobial resistance: considerations on present and future strategies
Authors: Sironi V A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global emergency that requires the use of short and long-term strategies. The existence of this phenomenon had been hypothesized by the discoverer of penicillin already in the first years in which this antibiotic drug began to be used, however the historical analysis on the onset and growth of the problem, together with an epistemological approach concerning its possible overcoming, suggest that research and production of new antibiotics cannot be its definitive solution.
This may represent the main short-term strategy, to be pursued also thanks to economic incentives in favor of the pharmaceutical industries and privileged institutional pathways in the health sector, but future strategies to combat AMR must be based on an evolutionary vision of biomedicine.
Approaches based on the evolutionary mechanisms of natural selection, the fight for existence and biological competition to occupy specific niches, represent the integrative methods of the present and above all the innovative ones of the future. The use of available vaccinations to combat specific bacterial and viral infections, the production of vaccines directed against resistant bacteria, therapies that use specific viruses capable of infecting and killing bacteria (phage therapies), non-chemical but biological sanitation systems of the surfaces in hospital environment (microbiological cleaning), biological therapies with the administration of populations of non-pathogenic bacteria capable of contrasting and eliminating pathogenic bacteria (microbiological therapy), microbiome transplants to transform the microbiological population of man in a means therapeutically useful against resistant bacteria (macrobiome transplant), are the strategies against AMR that will be discussed in this paper.

Key messages
Promote the production of new antibiotics in the present to win AMR. Evolutionary medicine is the key for futures strategies against AMR.
Efficacy of online nutrition professional development for Early Childhood Education Care staff
Authors: Wallace R , Lo J , Sambell R , Devine A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Early Childhood Education & Care (ECEC) services are a public health setting that influences the lifelong eating habits and health of young Australians. Over 1.3 million children attend ECEC for 30 hours/week. Overweight/obesity, a risk factor for chronic disease, has been associated with this setting. Research reports sub-optimal food provision, poor role modelling and a lack of nutrition training and confidence. Online nutrition education training was provided to ECEC staff, aiming to increase nutrition knowledge/confidence.

Methods
Training was evidence-based, informed by stakeholders and developed by tertiary nutrition experts. ECEC staff were recruited and randomised to intervention or control groups. The intervention group completed an online short course about whole-service approach to healthy eating of 2-3 hours duration. Nutrition knowledge/confidence were measured pre/post-intervention via a pre-validated, online survey. GLM was used to determine differences within and between groups adjusting for years of experience.

Results
Participants (n = 116) were mostly female, aged &gt;36 years, with &gt;10 years industry experience. Post-course, compared to the control group, intervention participants significantly increased confidence to offer 2 serves of grains/day and unsweetened cereals, a variety of vegetables and low-sodium foods, and solid fats were avoided. Confidence to avoid serving discretionary foods did not change and cakes/biscuits were offered frequently.

Conclusions
Following course completion, intervention participants demonstrated increased confidence to serve foods from core food groups, but both groups reported offering discretionary foods frequently. Some results are promising and may improve the nutritional value of food offered at ECEC, but it appears discretionary foods continue to be overprovided. Further research is required to identify the depth of training required to embed important nutrition education concepts in ECEC settings.

Key messages
Evidence-based nutrition education adopting a whole-service approach is effective in increasing ECEC staff nutrition knowledge and confidence to provide foods from core food groups. Further research is required to establish the level of nutrition education appropriate for ECEC staff to avoid the continuing overprovision of discretionary foods to young children.
Health Promotion in the National Health Plan in Brazil and the incompatibility with global objectives
Authors: Tristão F I , Gomes I M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The First International Conference on Health Promotion held in Canada in 1986 resulted in the Ottawa Charter, which objectively presents the goals to be achieved by the year 2000, which would contribute to the progress achieved since the Declaration of Alma-Ata and with the debate that took place at the World Health Assembly, in order to contemplate the goal of “health for all in the year 2000”.
Obviously, even with all the advances, the goal expected for the year 2000 is far from being reached, which requires a continuous effort by the government and an engagement of the global population for the changes to occur in a sensitive and effective way. Thus, it is necessary to monitor the actions that should be developed so that health promotion is an issue that is increasingly present in health services.
This work aimed to analyze the current Brazilian National Health Plan to verify if the proposed actions are in line with what has been recommended in the official international documents for the development of health promotion.
The results demonstrate that the Plan is composed of epidemiological data, incidence rates about the monitoring of mortality and comorbidities, demographic indicators and issues based in the surveillance of endemic diseases, in addition to thirteen objectives and seven thematic axes that guide disease control and issues related to the structure of the Health System and its organization. In its entire content, there is no mention of the goals defined in the report of the 9th Global Conference on Health Promotion or even the Ottawa Charter, and the expression 'health promotion' appears only once, in a context of mentioning the surveillance and violence prevention actions.
It is concluded that the Plan is a mere formal instrument that does not include actions for the development of health promotion, prepared according to the braszillians protocol and bureaucratic requirements, following the procedures to be approved by the National Congress.

Key messages
The National Health Plan presents a global overview about brazillians health situation, but doesn’t bring factive solutions and do not support the engagement to health promotion. The National Health Plan is not in line with the Global engagement for enhancing Health Promotion and the Sustainable Development Goals.
Local health contracts as instruments of cross-sectoral collaboration: the French CLoterreS study
Authors: Breton E , Le Bodo Y , Diallo D , Harpet C , Hudebine H , Jabot F , Sherlaw W 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Although recognised as essential, the role of local governments in promoting health remains under investigated. Yet their mandate directly impacts living conditions and promotes SDGs. In France, 'local health contracts' (LHCs) mobilise local decision-makers in 4 areas: health promotion, prevention, health care and social care. The CLoterreS study assesses the extent to which LHCs foster health-promoting actions through cross-sectoral collaboration.

Methods
We conducted 49 semi-structured interviews with staff from all Regional health agencies (RHAs) and local stakeholders. We analysed the action plans of a stratified random sample of 53 LHCs from the 165 signed between 2015 and March 2018. We used a validated multidimensional coding tool based on WHO's Essential Public Health Operations and other consensus documents.

Results
LHC's contribution to health promotion through cross-sectoral collaboration depends on a mix of factors. Among barriers, the improvement of access to health care is often a primary driver for local elected officials. However, political will and past experience in establishing 'win-win' relationships with other sectors is an advantage, as well as the fact that RHAs generally make LHCs an instrument to coordinate health promotion efforts instead of ad hoc funding of isolated actions. Overall, 73% of LHCs' actions address living conditions, health promotion or primary prevention. LHCs frequently target behavioural determinants such as physical activity or diet (44 out of 53) with an emphasis on individual or interpersonal targets. A few innovative actions situated at the intersection of urban planning, transportation, recreational or food environments illustrate the potential for further cross-sectoral action on living conditions.

Conclusions
LHCs are vehicles for health promotion. Reinforcing cross-sectoral action implies leadership, resource mobilisation, training and coordination of sectors whose health is not a core priority.

Key messages
In France, Local health contracts (LHCs) are significantly used for health promotion. Cross-sectoral collaboration in this area implies further capacity building beyond the health care sector at the regional and local levels.
Factors associated with nicotine dependence in a Brazilian rural town
Authors: de Lime Gomes K , Coelho A , Pinto de Figueiredo R , Soares de Morais Freitas C H , Santos Martiniano C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Nicotine dependence is a serious global health issue. Over a billion people are estimated to smoke in the world. Withdrawing from smoking contributes significantly to reducing morbimortality. Low income, poor education and smoking from a young age are some of the factors that contribute to the prevalence of tobacco use and to smoking cessation. In Brazil, the National Programme of Tobacco Control is responsible for helping smokers undergoing treatment in primary care units.

Objective
To highlight the association between the results of a nicotine dependence treatment in a Brazilian town, its sociodemographic factors and smoking habits of patients.

Methodology
A cross-sectional study in Santa Cecília, Paraíba, a town in the northeast of Brazil in 2016, relying on data from the medical history of 85 smokers who received treatment in primary care units. Dropout rates and successful results were both considered. Pearson's chi-squared test with 95% significance level was used to assess the association between variables.

Results
51.8% of patients quit smoking while 37.6% abandoned treatment. Around 4.7% of patients smoked fewer cigarettes after treatment and 5.9% did not have a successful result. Among the successful cases, the majority were women (54.4%). Considering smoking habits of those who quit smoking, the following was observed: 29.4% smoked 20 cigarettes per day, 27% were highly dependent on nicotine, 33% spent 20 to 40 years smoking and 18.9% underwent nicotine replacement therapies. Income, marital status and number of cigarettes were variables that showed significant differences (p &lt; 0.001) after treatment.

Conclusions
Smoking cessation after treatment indicates the effectiveness of the programme. The engagement of healthcare professionals is paramount to successfully implement such treatments in primary health care. Further qualitative research is recommended to investigate other Brazilian cities and to assess patient progress individually.

Key messages
This work analyses factors related to nicotine dependence in groups of smokers undergoing treatment developed by the National Programme of Tobacco Control in a Brazilian rural town. Analysing the prevalence of smoking cessation and its related factors among patients undergoing treatment by the National Programme of Tobacco Control in a Brazilian rural town.
E-platform as an innovative approach to workplace health promotion for ageing workforce
Authors: Rozman N , Širok K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Issue
Dissatisfaction of workers with working conditions often leads to a reluctance to extend the working period. In the STAR-VITAL project, we encourage stakeholders to address the challenges of an aging workforce, prolonging work activity, maintaining health and work ability, based on the concepts of salutogenesis, healthy organization and WHO Healthy Workplaces model.

Description of the Problem
E-platform is an innovative approach to promote and monitor healthy lifestyles of employees and companies' management in the areas of ergonomics, stress, communication, nutrition, sleep, age management and absenteeism. The E-platform addresses the challenge of low levels of employee participation in health promotion programs offered to employees by companies. The E-platform builds upon the Customer relationship management (CRM) and brings a push approach to actively engage employees with customized campaigns to encourage behaviour change.

Results
As the project runs in multiple waves, we present the findings of the first group of 31 (out of 110) companies that began with the management, ergonomics, stress and nutrition campaigns. The output indicators show high participation rate of 65% - 20 companies out of 31 are actively participating in the program and high levels of user satisfaction (with a rating 4.5 out of 5). The impact of the intervention will be evaluated with the propensity score matching. The average share of readings of the received contents of all campaigns is 50%.

Lessons
Regardless of the potential of modern work health promotion solutions, it is very important that project contractors maintain close personal contacts and intensive communication with companies. Where such interaction has been established, there is a noticeable shift in the intensity of health promotion activities and the proportion of employees who voluntarily participate in these activities.

Key messages
The salutogenic push approach promises a improved impact of workplace health interventions. The E-Platform, besides informing, enables support and empowerment of workers for personal intervention and its higher impact.
The application of the complexity theory to public health interventions: a review of the literature
Authors: Contu P , Breton E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
There is a growing recognition of the limitations of a linear cause-and-effect rationality in planning and evaluating public health interventions. Although this perspective is amenable to programme planning and evaluation, it leaves aside a whole array of mechanisms of change triggered by interactions taking place in complex social systems. Generative causality is one and recognized under a number of works referring to the complexity paradigm. Here we review the state of knowledge on what is often referred to as the complexity theory (CT), and present the results of a review of the literature on its application in public health.

Methods
We searched PubMed for articles, commentaries, editorials published in English, French and Italian, using the keywords 'Complexity Theory' (also plural). We categorized the fields of application of the CT according to the three core WHO's Essential Public Health Operations, i.e., Health Promotion, Prevention and Protection. All papers addressing issues related to health care services (but not prevention) were included in the category “health care services” while others were tagged as “others”.

Results
We found 203 papers meeting our inclusion criteria. The largest share of the research output applying the CT was in health care services (n = 167), followed by Health Promotion (5), Prevention (3) and Protection (2). 26 papers were labelled others. In health promotion/ prevention, applications of the CT have yet to integrate most of its concepts. Most authors tap into both the linear and generative rationality perspectives.

Conclusions
Although regularly deemed as promising in uncovering mechanisms for change triggered by public health intervention, applications of the complexity theory remain uncommon and has made little inroads in the public health domain. This is particularly the case for health promotion where one would assume that participatory community-based interventions would be an incentive to integrate this perspective.

Key messages
Although deemed promising the complexity theory has made little inroads in public health. Health promotion with its participatory community-based interventions can benefit from its application.
Tai Chi and workplace wellness for health care workers
Authors: Cocchiara R A , Dorelli B , Mannocci A , La Torre G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Several studies show the positive effects of new non-medical therapies known as complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs). In this context, the discipline of tai chi is obtaining a wider consensus because of its many beneficial effects both on the human body and mind.

Objective
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the scientific literature concerning the relationship between tai chi practice and wellness of health care workers (HCW) in their professional setting.

Methods
The research was performed in September 2019, investigating the databases Cinahl, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Full-text articles, written in English language and published after 1995, were taken into account. No restrictions regarding the study design were applied. A quality assessment was developed using AMSTAR, Jadad, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, INSA, and CASE REPORT scale. Six papers were finally included: Three clinical trials, one observational study, one systematic review, and one case report. The methodological quality of the included studies was judged as medium level.

Conclusions
This systematic review suggests the potential impact of interventions such as tai chi as tools for reducing work-related stress among healthcare professionals.
Keywords: Tai chi, Workplace Wellness, Nursing

Key messages
Tai chi, Workplace Wellness, Nursing. Health Professional, Stress, Workplace Wellbeing.
Evaluation of the impact of intra-operative distractions on teamwork, stress and workload
Authors: Aouicha W , Tlili M A , Limam M , Snéne M , Ben Dhiab M , Chelbi S , Ajmi T , Said Latiri H , Ben Rejeb M , Mallouli M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Within the OR, distractions occur on a regular basis, which affects surgical workflow and results in discontinuation of urgent tasks. In addition, engaging into distractions in the OR may not only increase stress and workload, but also impair teamwork performance. This study aimed to observe the occurrence of intra-operative distractions in ORs and to evaluate associations between distractions, teamwork, workload and stress.

Methods
This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Sahloul University Hospital; more specifically in four different surgical units: orthopedic, urology, emergency and digestive surgery and over a period of 3 months in 2018. Using validated observation sheets, distractions and teamwork were recorded and rated in real-time during the intraoperative phase of every case. Besides, stress and workload of OR team members were measured at the end of each operation. All ethical considerations were taken into account.

Results
Fifty cases were observed and 160 participants were included in this study. In total, we recorded 933 distractions that occurred once every 3 minutes, on average. The mean global teamwork score was 3.85 (SD = ±0,67) on a scale of 0 to 6, the mean workload score was 58.60 (±24,27) and the mean stress score was 15.29 (SD = ±4,00). The highest rate of distraction was significantly related to external staff entering or exiting the OR during non-teaching cases (M = 9.43, SD = 3.56; p = 0.006). Surgeons also experienced significantly higher workload with a mean of 66.88 (SD = 25.98,p&lt;0.01).

Conclusions
This study highlighted a serious problem which is, often, ignored or underestimated. Taking into consideration the results, we recommend the implementation of systemic interventions on a daily basis to reduce the number of distractions in the OR.

Key messages
Distractions happened in all of the included operations. Stress and workload among nurses got higher as work environment distractions increased.