bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coconut Tissue Culture: The Indian Initiatives, Experiences and Achievements
Authors: Anitha Karun  
Published: April 2020

Coconut is one of the principal crops of India cultivated in over 35 districts mainly in the southern states. The productivity of the crop is declining in many of the traditionally cultivated regions owing to ageing plantations as well as biotic and abiotic stresses. These plantations are to be replanted with high yielding varieties/hybrids for which adequate quantity of quality planting material is not available. Even though tissue culture research was initiated in many laboratories in the country, the work was eventually phased out in most of the laboratories for want of a repeatable protocol. At ICAR-CPCRI, coconut tissue culture programs have been continuing for the past three decades. The attempts made include experimentation with different explants viz., immature inflorescence, plumular tissues, mature palm shoot meristem, ovary and anthers and different culture media supplemented with varying levels and types of hormones. Some of the successful protocols developed at the Institute include coconut zygotic embryo culture for collection and exchange of germplasm, cryopreservation and retrieval of zygotic embryos and pollen and plantlet regeneration from plumular tissues. Even though ICAR-CPCRI has succeeded in obtaining plantlets via direct organogenesis from inflorescence explants, the absence of friable calli formation from explants, the low rate of somatic embryo formation, large number of cultures turning to abnormal shoot development, non conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets, and formation of abnormal somatic embryos remain the major bottlenecks. Gene expression studies are being currently undertaken to decipher the molecular basis of in vitro recalcitrance.
Management of Coconut Mite in Bangladesh Involving Communities as Implanter
Authors: Md. Nazirul Islam  
Published: April 2020

A study on management of coconut mite (Aceria guerreronis Keifer, Acari: Eriophyidae) was carried out in farmers fields at Bagharpara Sub-district of Jashore district, in an area of about 696 ha during May 2011 to June 2014. The mite attacking coconut in Bangladesh remained unidentified until 2008. Field and laboratory studies on morpho-anatomy revealed that 2-6 month old nuts hosted colonies of mites while no mites were found on unfertilized button (flowers) and nuts of more than 06 months old. Colonization was found maximum in younger nuts of 3 -4 month old. Mites were found to reside under the perianth near the stalk of young coconut. Six different treatments viz, removing of infested young nuts and foliar application of Omite @ 0.2% adjacent to the bunch region (T1); removing of infected young nuts and foliar application of Neem-oil @ 0.3% adjacent to the bunch region (T2); T1 & soil incorporation of Neem cake @ 500g/tree (T3); T1 & soil incorporation of tricho-compost @ 2000g/tree (T4); T2 & soil incorporation of Neem cake @ 500g/tree (T5) and T2 & incorporation of tricho-compost 2000g/tree (T6). Results of three consecutive years showed that all the treatments were equally effective in controlling mite attack in coconut. Edible portion of mature nuts was found to improve by the treatments T3 and T5, containing soil incorporated Neem cake. Days to spath opening, male phase, number of bunch and nut per bunch were not influenced by any one of the treatments. On an average 77 nuts were harvested/palm/year and their estimated market value was Taka 1540. Income augmented due to technology was Taka 1339.80 with BCR value 6.
O PROCESSO DE INCLUSÃO DA CRIANÇA COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA NO ENSINO REGULAR
Authors: Cristina de Araújo Batista Ana 
Published: April 2020

Atualmente a inclusão se tornou um dos assuntos mais discutidos na sociedade, entretanto, há algumas décadas atrás as pessoas onsideradas diferentes ou fora dos padrões normativos eram excluídas e segregadas. Como forma de garantir a inclusão das essoas com deficiência na sociedade, foram criadas leis para possibilitar o acesso dessas crianças em escolas regulares, sendo ssim, ais crianças ficam em um período na escola regular e no contra turno em uma escola especial, tal iniciativa favoreceu o processo de nclusão. Considera-se a educação inclusiva fundamental para todos esses progressos conquistados, hoje ter uma criança autista dentro de uma sala de aula, sendo incluída com outras crianças consideradas “normais”, é um ganho enorme para esse movimento. ortanto, a educação inclusiva vem rompendo paradigmas jamais questionados em décadas anteriores, como por xemplo, o isolamento dessas pessoas que eram vistas somente pela sua particularidade, e através da elaboração dessa lei essas essoas hoje tem voz, tem direito, tem estímulos, tem reabilitações, tem respeito, e, sobretudo, são vistos como sujeitos de deveres e ireitos.
The Discovery of the Long-Period, Eccentric Planet Kepler-88 d and System Characterization with Radial Velocities and Photodynamical Analysis
Authors: Weiss Lauren M. , Fabrycky Daniel C. , Agol Eric , Mills Sean M. , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Petigura Erik A. , Fulton Benjamin , Hirsch Lea , Sinukoff Evan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We present the discovery of Kepler-88 d (

,

,

) based on six years of radial velocity (RV) follow-up from the W. M. Keck Observatory High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer spectrograph. Kepler-88 has two previously identified planets. Kepler-88 b (KOI-142.01) transits in the NASA Kepler photometry and has very large transit timing variations (TTVs). Nesvorný et al. performed a dynamical analysis of the TTVs to uniquely identify the orbital period and mass of the perturbing planet (Kepler-88 c), which was later was confirmed with RVs from the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP). To fully explore the architecture of this system, we performed photodynamical modeling on the Kepler photometry combined with the RVs from Keck and OHP and stellar parameters from spectroscopy and Gaia. Planet d is not detectable in the photometry, and long-baseline RVs are needed to ascertain its presence. A photodynamical model simultaneously optimized to fit the RVs and Kepler photometry yields the most precise planet masses and orbital properties yet for b and c:

,

,

, and

. The photodynamical solution also finds that planets b and c have low eccentricites and low mutual inclination, are apsidally anti-aligned, and have conjunctions on the same hemisphere of the star. Continued RV follow-up of systems with small planets will improve our understanding of the link between inner planetary system architectures and giant planets.
Spectral Classification of B Stars: The Empirical Sequence Using SDSS-IV/APOGEE Near-IR Data
Authors: Ramírez-Preciado Valeria G. , Roman-Lopes Alexandre , Román-Zúñiga Carlos G. , Hernández Jesús , García-Hernández D. A. , Stassun Keivan , Stringfellow Guy S. , Kim Jinyoung Serena 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We present a semi-empirical spectral classification scheme for normal B-type stars using near-infrared (NIR) spectra (1.5–1.7 μm) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Apache Point Observatory Galaxy Evolution Experiment (APOGEE2)-N data release 14 (DR14) database. The main motivation for working with B-type stars is their importance in the evolution of young stellar clusters; however, we also take advantage of having a numerous sample (316 stars) of B-type star candidates in APOGEE2-N, for which we also have optical (3600–9100 Å) counterparts from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) survey. By first obtaining an accurate spectral classification of the sources using the LAMOST DR3 spectra and the canonical spectral classification scheme, we found a linear relation between optical spectral types and the equivalent widths of the hydrogen lines of the Brackett series in the APOGEE2-N NIR spectra. This relation extends smoothly from a similar relation for O and early B stars found by Roman-Lopes et al. This way, we obtain a catalog of B-type sources with features in both the optical and NIR and a classification scheme refined down to one spectral subclass.
The FLASHES Survey. I. Integral Field Spectroscopy of the CGM around 48 z ≃ 2.3–3.1 QSOs
Authors: O’Sullivan Donal B. , Martin Christopher , Matuszewski Mateusz , Hoadley Keri , Hamden Erika , Neill James D. , Lin Zeren , Parihar Prachi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We present the pilot study of the Fluorescent Lyman-Alpha Structures in High-z Environments Survey; the largest integral field spectroscopy survey to date of the circumgalactic medium at z = 2.3–3.1. We observed 48 quasar fields with the Palomar Cosmic Web Imager to an average (2σ) limiting surface brightness of 6 × 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2 (in a 1″ aperture and ∼20 Å bandwidth). Extended H i Lyα emission is discovered around 37/48 of the observed quasars, ranging in projected radius from 14 to 55 proper kiloparsecs (pkpc), with one nebula exceeding 100 pkpc in effective diameter. The dimming-adjusted circularly averaged surface brightness profile peaks at 1 × 10−15 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2 at R
⊥ ∼ 20 pkpc and integrated luminosities range from 0.4 to 9.4 × 1043 erg s−1. The emission appears to have an eccentric morphology and an average covering factor of ∼30%–40% at small radii. On average, the nebular spectra are redshifted with respect to both the systemic redshift and Lyα peak of the quasar spectrum. The integrated spectra of the nebulae mostly have single- or double-peaked profiles with global dispersions ranging from 143 to 708 km s−1, though the individual Gaussian components of lines with complex shapes mostly have dispersions ≤400 km s−1, and the flux-weighted velocity centroids of the lines vary by thousands of km s−1 with respect to the QSO redshifts. Finally, the root-mean-square velocities of the nebulae are found to be consistent with those expected from gravitational motions in dark matter halos of mass

Log

10

(

M

h

[

M

⊙

]
)
≃

12.2

−
1.2

+
0.7

. We compare these results to existing surveys at higher and lower redshift.
Wind-reprocessed Transients
Authors: Piro Anthony L. , Lu Wenbin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We consider the situation where the luminosity from a transient event is reprocessed by an optically thick wind. Potential applications are the tidal disruption of stars by black holes (BHs), engine-powered supernovae, and unique fast transients found by current and future wide-field surveys. We derive relations between the injected and observed luminosity for steady and time-dependent winds, and discuss how the temperature is set for scattering-dominated radiative transport. We apply this framework to specific examples of tidal disruption events and the formation of a BH by a massive star, as well as discuss other applications such as deriving observables from detailed hydrodynamic simulations. We conclude by exploring what is inferred about the mass-loss rate and underlying engine powering AT 2018cow if it is explained as a wind-reprocessed transient, demonstrating that its optical emission is consistent with reprocessing of the observed soft X-rays.
Biting midges of Egypt (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: El-Hawagry Magdi , El-Azab Salah El-Din , Abdel-Dayem Mahmoud , Al Dhafer Hathal 
Published: April 2020

This study is one in a series of planned studies on different Egyptian dipteran taxa aiming to catalogue the whole order in Egypt.All known Egyptian taxa of the family Ceratopogonidae (biting midges) are systematically catalogued. A total number of 64 species belonging to 11 genera, four tribes and four subfamilies has been treated. Data for this study have been compiled from both available literature and specimens collected from different Egyptian localities by the authors. An updated classification, synonymies, type localities, world distributions by biogeographic realm(s) and country, Egyptian localities and dates of collection are provided comprising some new locality records. The study treats all previous inaccuracies in the classification of the family in Egypt.
Le repositionnement géostratégique du Tchad et sa contribution économique et financière dans la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Authors: Abakar Kassambara Abdoulaye , Ousman Abakar Goni 
Published: April 2020

La Seconde Guerre mondiale réactiva le rôle géostratégique du Tchad qui avait motivé son occupation par la France au début du xxe siècle. Ce pays fut le premier à rallier la France libre en Afrique. Les conscrits tchadiens constituèrent l’ossature de la colonne Leclerc et payèrent un lourd tribut aux opérations en Libye. La population civile fut aussi mise à contribution de gré ou de force et consacra plus de 30 % de ses ressources à ce conflit mondial. Sa situation sociale se dégrada à cause du rationnement des produits alimentaires, de la conscription pour les travaux d’utilité militaire et de la ponction de ressources à travers de l’augmentation des impôts et différentes contributions dites volontaires. Les sacrifices ainsi consentis ne se traduisirent pas en avantages politiques et économiques faute d’une élite, qui était en gestation au moment de la décolonisation.
Impact of Systemic Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Use in Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Rahimy Ehsan , Baker Keith , Thompson Desmond , Saroj Namrata ,   On behalf of the VIVID and VISTA Study Investigators
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate impact of baseline systemic dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor use in diabetic macular edema (DME).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This was a post hoc exploratory analysis of previously completed randomized, controlled clinical trials (VISTA and VIVID) in patients with DME evaluating intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) every 4 weeks (2q4) or every 8 weeks (2q8) or macular laser photocoagulation.

RESULTS:
Overall, a small number of patients (12.2% [n = 35], 9.7% [n = 28], and 15.4% [n = 44]) in the laser control, 2q4, and 2q8 groups reported baseline DPP-4 inhibitor use. There were no differences in changes from baseline in best-corrected visual acuity, central subfield thickness, or rates of 2-or-greater-step improvement in Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale score based on DPP-4 inhibitor use within each treatment group.

CONCLUSION:
DPP-4 inhibitor use at baseline did not influence the magnitude of visual and anatomic benefit in patients with DME being treated with IAI or laser.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:226–234.]
Optimizing DME Treatment With Decreased Injection Frequency Using Long-Term Steroid Implants
Authors: Mantopoulos Dimosthenis , Zhang Rui , Roth Daniel B. 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents are the first-line treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME) based on randomized, control trials from the early 2000s. However, the efficacy of anti-VEGF is limited in clinical practice because its monthly injection schedule is logistically challenging for most working-age patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Recent large-scale, randomized, control trials have demonstrated that intravitreal corticosteroid implants provide efficacious long-term treatment for DME.

RESULTS:
Intravitreal corticosteroid implants block a wide spectrum of inflammatory factors involved in DME pathogenesis, with each implant lasting from months to years. Intravitreal corticosteroid implants also have the pharmacokinetic advantage over anti-VEGF agents in vitrectomized eyes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although anti-VEGF agents have lower bioavailability in vitrectomized eyes due to rapid clearance, intravitreal corticosteroid implants are not significantly affected by vitrectomy in bioavailability or efficacy. Side effects of intravitreal corticosteroid implants include cataract formation and ocular hypertension, both of which are manageable with appropriate monitoring. Taken together, intravitreal corticosteroid implants serve as a convenient, efficacious, and long-term treatment for patients with DME.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:S22–S29.]
A Note on Chirally Cosmetic Surgery on Cable Knots
Authors: Ito Tetsuya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe show that a $(p,q)$-cable of a non-trivial knot K does not admit chirally cosmetic surgeries for $q\neq 2$, or $q=2$ with additional assumptions. In particular, we show that a $(p,q)$-cable of a non-trivial knot K does not admit chirally cosmetic surgeries as long as the set of JSJ pieces of the knot exterior does not contain the $(2,r)$-torus exterior for any r. We also show that an iterated torus knot other than the $(2,p)$-torus knot does not admit chirally cosmetic surgery.
Naira Exchange Rate Variation and Nigeria Economic Growth: A Time Series Study
Authors: Okoro Rev Canon Charles Ugochukwu , Charles Fortune Bella 
Published: April 2020

This study examined the effect of exchange rate variation on Nigeria economy. The objective was to investigate how Naira exchange rate variations against key currencies affect the country’s real gross domestic product. Time series data was sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. Real gross domestic products were modeled as the function of United State commodity currency, British commodity currency, Japanese yen currency, Chinese yen currency and French franc currency. The ordinary least square method was used as data analysis techniques. The study used cointegration, unit root, and granger causality test and error correction estimate to study the dynamic effects of commodity currencies on financial market. The study found that naira exchange rate variation with the currencies can explain 65 percent variation on Nigerian real gross domestic products while the remaining 35 percent estimation can be traced to external variables not included in the model. The estimated f-test proved that the model is fit while the estimated DW statistics found the presence of positive serial autocorrelation among the variables. The estimated beta coefficient of the variables revealed that commodity currency of US; Japanese yen and Chinese yen have positive and significant effect on Nigeria real gross domestic products while British pound and French Franc have negative effect on Nigeria real gross domestic products. From the co-integration test, we found at least two co-integrating equation from the trace test and maximum eigenvalue. The granger causality test found unidirectional causality from real gross domestic products to Chinese yen and from French Franc to real gross domestic products. The study found that in the long run, Japanese and Chinese yen and French Franc have negative long run effect on Nigeria real gross domestic products; while United States dollar and British Pound Sterling have positive long run effect on Nigeria gross domestic products. The study recommended amongst others that Monetary and macroeconomic policies should be properly articulated with an impregnable feedback loop, implemented to the letter, and a quarterly examination of the impact on the Naira should be regularly engaged, evaluated, interpreted and ensure that the results and possible remedial action(s) get to the appropriate authority timeously so as to ensure well informed decision(s).
Natural Disasters in Nigeria: An Econometric Model
Authors: Okon Emmanuel Okokondem 
Published: April 2020

This paper models and estimates the occurrence of natural disaster in Nigeria using the residual-based test for cointegration within an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework and error correction specification between the period 1970 and 2016, the results from the estimated static model shows that DLOG(TEM), LOG(GDPC) and LOG(URB) are long-run determinants of natural disasters in Nigeria. The short run error correction model results revealed that the coefficients of DLOG(CO2), DLOG(WIS), LOG(GDPC), LOG(URB), DLOG(GDPC(-2)) and LOG(URB(-1))seem to be significant and helpful in explaining the occurrence of natural disaster (NAD)in Nigeria. The error correction term shows that speed of adjustment of disequilibrium in natural disaster (NAD) in the previous year which is corrected in the current year is about 44.3 percent. Therefore, Nigerian government should among other recommendations embark on reducing urbanization growth by making sure that industries which forge linkages with rural occupations should be promoted to mitigate a high rural-urban migration. Establishing of very effective early warning systems for meteorological, geophysical, biological, social and industrial hazards should be ensured.
Review of Freud’s Psychoanalysis Approach to Literary Studies
Authors: Niaz Azadkhan , Stanikzai Sultn Mohammad , Sahibzada Javed 
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this review article is to identify theories of Psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud that play major roles in interpreting literary works. Psychoanalysis is among one of the modern theories used in literary analysis. Whether psychoanalysis has close connection with literature or not has been most controversial issues for many readers and least appreciated. In spite of being one of famous approach for interpreting literary text, it has become one of the mechanisms for interpreting hidden meaning of the text. The finding of this paper revealed Psychoanalysis is not simply branch of medicine, it has helped and is used to understand various fields as philosophy, culture, religion and first and for most used in literature. It also revealed that there is similarities and controversial issues between Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud’s theories of psychoanalytical criticism. Id, which is part of human personality playing a major role in forming literary work for its repressed behaviors, laid in unconscious mind. The human actions which are suppressed feelings because of superego and can be expressed with the help of Ego which balance the conflict between id and superego in the right time in form of dreams, art, literary work and slip of tongue. Psychoanalysis approach is used to analyze piece of art by investigating closely the author and his/her life and literary work for providing evidence in analyzing, one or more of the character’s behavior and inspiration, the audience’ appealing and motivation to which react more closely or less unconsciously and the text for examining the role of language and symbolism in the work.
Students’ Self-Confidence and Its Impacts on Their Learning Process
Authors: Akbari Omidullah , Sahibzada Javed 
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to measure students’ self-confidence and finds its impacts on their learning process at Kandahar University. The study is descriptive in nature where quantitative questionnaire is used to collect data through stratified sampling from 1375 male and female students. The findings revealed only some of the students were low self-confident and most students were highly self-confident. In addition, students’ self-confidence effected their learning in areas of students’ participation, in seeking goal, developing interest in lessons, in decreasing students’ anxiety, they are being comfortable with their instructors and classmates and also in sharing their opinions related to lessons in class.