bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Pain Management and Health Care Resource Use Among an Employed Population in Japan with Knee Osteoarthritis Combined with Low Back Pain
Authors: Ueda Kaname , Takura Tomoyuki , Fujikoshi Shinji , Meyers Juliana , Nagar Saurabh P , Enomoto Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
Assess long-term comorbidity burden and pain management patterns among working-age patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) only without low back pain (LBP) (KOA-noLBP) and patients with KOA plus LBP (KOA+LBP) in Japan.

Methods
Retrospective claims data analyses were conducted on data from the Japan Medical Data Center (JMDC) database. Adult patients (≥40 years) with a diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) (January 1, 2011–December 31, 2012) and 5 years of follow-up were evaluated. The first claim with a KOA diagnosis defined the index date. Longitudinal pain management patterns were assessed in both cohorts.

Results
Overall, 1,828 patients met study criteria (717 with KOA-noLBP; 1,111 with KOA+LBP). The mean age of patients with KOA-noLBP was 52.1 years, and that of patients with KOA+LBP was 53.1 years, with more females in the KOA+LBP cohort (49.4% vs. 55.0%). Regardless of cohort, &gt;90% of patients received pharmacological intervention during the 5-year follow-up period. The most common regimen first received was either topical or oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A higher mean number of pharmaceutical treatments were received by patients in the KOA+LBP cohort (3.6) than by patients in the KOA-noLBP cohort (2.7) during the follow-up period. Regardless of cohort, most of the direct medical cost was derived from medication.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that a greater proportion of the JMDC population of working individuals with KOA were comorbid with LBP and received pain-related treatment in the long-term perspective relative to patients with KOA without LBP. Appropriate pain management for both KOA and LBP would be key for effective resource utilization in an aging society facing socioeconomic burdens
Citizen Policing in Chinese Societies: A Preliminary Comparative Study on the Models of Citizens’ Participation in Policing in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan
Authors: Lin Leo S F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article aims to conduct a preliminary comparative study on different models of citizens’ participation in Chinese societies. In examining citizen policing in Chinese societies, this article covers the major geographical locations in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. By using thematic analysis, this article has identified three main themes to assess volunteer policing in three Chinese societies, which all connect to the concepts of institutions and social capital: institutional development, institutional impact, and Guanxi as a common socio-cultural challenge. The role of citizens in law enforcement work is contextualized in the different forms of governments in these three societies. In China, there is a lack of legislature at the central level to regulate auxiliary police forces. The local governments developed various forms of auxiliary police systems monitored by public security authorities. Hong Kong, due to its former status as a British colony, has developed a well-established model of the modern auxiliary police system. In Taiwan, the auxiliary police system was influenced by both Chinese institutional development and the Japanese colony; however, a lack of detailed legislature at the local level is found, which has impacted the implementation of volunteer policing. Despite the difference, three of them all have faced the common challenges affected by Guanxi, which is the rudimentary dynamic in personalized social networks of power and is a crucial system of beliefs in Chinese culture. The author concludes that the institutional factors and Guanxi are important determinants of successful implementation of volunteer policing in three Chinese societies.
Screening rate and influential factors of lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography in Asian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Jinxin , Yue Na , Wu Jingwei , Shi Naiyang , Wang Qiang , Cui Tingting , Zheng Mengyun , Sun Siqing , Jin Hui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
There are currently no studies synthesizing the screening rate and influential factors of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT)-screened lung cancer in Asian population.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted, using both English and Chinese language databases on March, 2019. The pooled screening rate and estimated odds ratios (ORs) of influential factors were analyzed using random effects models. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were also employed to explore the heterogeneity.

Results
The pooled LDCT lung cancer screening rate was 1.12% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94%, 1.32%), and increased with age. Adenocarcinoma and stage I lung cancer had higher screening rates. Analysis of influential factors in the general population showed that female and elder age (≥50 years) were significantly influencing LDCT lung cancer screening rate (for female, OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.15–1.52; for adults ≥ 50 years, OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.52–2.49). Meta-regression analysis indicated that the heterogeneity maybe significantly correlated with the sample size, risk population and source of population.

Conclusions
Unlike European and American populations, female and adults &gt; 50 years rather than smoking adults were positively associated with screening rate in Asian populations. It is important to further study the benefits of lung cancer screening with LDCT in Asian populations.
Serum IgG2 antibody multi-composition in systemic lupus erythematosus and in lupus nephritis (Part 2): prospective study
Authors: Bruschi Maurizio , Moroni Gabriella , Sinico Renato Alberto , Franceschini Franco , Fredi Micaela , Vaglio Augusto , Cavagna Lorenzo , Petretto Andrea , Pratesi Federico , Migliorini Paola , Locatelli Francesco , Pazzola Giulia , Pesce Giampaola , Bagnasco Marcello , Manfredi Angelo , Ramirez Giuseppe A , Esposito Pasquale , Murdaca Giuseppe , Negrini Simone , Cipriani Leda , Trezzi Barbara , Emmi Giacomo , Cavazzana Ilaria , Binda Valentina , d’Alessandro Matteo , Fenaroli Paride , Pisani Isabella , Garibotto Giacomo , Montecucco Carlomaurizio , Santoro Domenico , Scolari Francesco , Volpi Stefano , Mosca Marta , Tincani Angela , Candiano Giovanni , Prunotto Marco , Verrina Enrico , Angeletti Andrea , Ravelli Angelo , Ghiggeri Gian Marco 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Circulating anti-ENO1 and anti-H2A IgG2 have been identified as specific signatures of LN in a cross-over approach. We sought to show whether the same antibodies identify selected population of patients with LN with potentially different clinical outcomes.

Methods
Here we report the prospective analysis over 36 months of circulating IgG2 levels in patients with newly diagnosed LN (n=91) and SLE (n=31) and in other patients with SLE recruited within 2 years from diagnosis (n=99). Anti-podocyte (ENO1), anti-nucleosome (DNA, histone 2 A, histone 3) and anti-circulating proteins (C1q, AnnexinA1-ANXA1) IgG2 antibodies were determined by home-made techniques.

Results
LN patients were the main focus of the study. Anti-ENO1, anti-H2A and anti-ANXA1 IgG2 decreased in parallel to proteinuria and normalized within 12 months in the majority of patients while anti-dsDNA IgG2 remained high over the 36 months. Anti-ENO1 and anti-H2A had the highest association with proteinuria (Heat Map) and identified the highest number of patients with high proteinuria (68% and 71% respectively) and/or with reduced estimated glomerula filtration rate (eGFR) (58% for both antibodies) compared with 23% and 17% of anti-dsDNA (agreement analysis). Anti-ENO1 positive LN patients had higher proteinuria than negative patients at T0 and presented the maximal decrement within 12 months.

Conclusions
Anti-ENO1, anti-H2A and anti-ANXA1 antibodies were associated with high proteinuria in LN patients and Anti-ENO1 also presented the maximal reduction within 12 months that paralleled the decrease of proteinuria. Anti-dsDNA were not associated with renal outcome parameters. New IgG2 antibody signatures should be utilized as tracers of personalized therapies in LN.

Trial registration
The Zeus study was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov (study number: NCT02403115).
Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate joint hyperalgesia induced by immune inflammation
Authors: Schneider Ayda Henriques , Machado Caio Cavalcante , Veras Flávio Protásio , Maganin Alexandre Gomes de Macedo , de Souza Flávio Falcão Lima , Barroso Lívia Corrêa , de Oliveira Renê Donizeti Ribeiro , Alves-Filho José Carlos , Cunha Thiago Mattar , Fukada Sandra Yasuyo , Louzada-Júnior Paulo , da Silva Tarcília Aparecida , Cunha Fernando Queiroz 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the genesis of joint hyperalgesia using an experimental model of arthritis and transpose the findings to clinical investigation.

Methods
C57BL/6 mice were subjected to antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) and treated with Pulmozyme (PLZ) to degrade NETs or Cl-amidine to inhibit NET production. Oedema formation, the histopathological score and mechanical hyperalgesia were evaluated. NETs were injected intra-articularly in wild type (WT), Tlr4−/−, Tlr9−/−, Tnfr1−/− and Il1r−/− mice, and the levels of cytokines and Cox2 expression were quantified. NETs were also quantified from human neutrophils isolated from RA patients and individual controls.

Results
AIA mice had increased NET concentration in joints, accompanied by increased Padi4 gene expression in the joint cells. Treatment of AIA mice with a peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 inhibitor or with PLZ inhibited the joint hyperalgesia. Moreover, the injection of NETs into joints of naïve animals generated a dose-dependent reduction of mechanical threshold, an increase of articular oedema, inflammatory cytokine production and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. In mice deficient for Tnfr1, Il1r, Tlr4 and Tlr9, joint hyperalgesia induced by NETs was prevented. Last, we found that neutrophils from RA patients were more likely to release NETs, and the increase in synovial fluid NET concentration correlated with an increase in joint pain.

Conclusion
The findings indicate that NETs cause hyperalgesia possibly through Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and TLR-9. These data support the idea that NETs contribute to articular pain, and this pathway can be an alternative target for the treatment of pain in RA.
SUBOPTIMAL MODULATION OF RADIATION DOSE IN THE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY COMPONENT OF WHOLE-BODY POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Inoue Yusuke , Adachi Mizuho , Shimizu Hirokazu , Nagahara Kazunori , Itoh Hiroyasu , Takano Makoto , Jinguji Koji 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Radiation exposure in computed tomography (CT) is automatically modulated by automatic exposure control (AEC) mainly based on scout images. To simulate the whole-body positron emission tomography/CT, CT images of a phantom were obtained using the posteroanterior scout image alone (PA scout) or the posteroanterior and lateral images (PA + Lat scout). Old and new versions of the AEC software were compared. Using the old version of the software and the PA scout, a markedly high dose at the top of the head was observed, which varied depending on the position of the phantom. This issue was resolved in the new version of the software. Radiation dose in the shoulder region was much higher using the PA scout than using the PA + Lat scout, even with the new version of the software. AEC may cause unreasonably high radiation exposure locally, and the appropriateness of the dose modulation pattern should be examined at each facility.
NEUTRON AND GAMMA ALBEDO EVALUATION AT AN IRRADIATION FACILITY
Authors: Ciolini Riccardo , Marini Andrea , Giusti Valerio , d’Errico Francesco 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The irradiation facility of the University of Pisa (UNIPI) is a neutron and gamma irradiation facility of the University of Pisa used for calibration purposes and to evaluate detectors and dosemeters for mixed neutron and gamma fields. The facility consists of a fairly large room (5.0 × 7.8 × 2.5 m3) with concrete walls and roof designed to minimise radiation scattering. Sealed neutron and gamma radionuclide sources are stored in the facility for calibration and test purposes. In order to perform accurate response measurements, this study applied a methodology of general validity to assess the neutron and gamma room scatter contributions (albedo) to the fluence and to the ambient dose equivalent rates. The assessment was done for the standard irradiation points of the facility, using detailed Monte Carlo simulations and considering several source-to-wall and source-to-detector distances.
Posterior medial frontal cortex and threat-enhanced religious belief: a replication and extension
Authors: Holbrook Colin , Iacoboni Marco , Gordon Chelsea , Proksch Shannon , Balasubramaniam Ramesh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch indicates that the posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC) functions as a ‘neural alarm’ complex broadly involved in registering threats and helping to muster relevant responses. Holbrook and colleagues investigated whether pMFC similarly mediates ideological threat responses, finding that downregulating pMFC via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) caused (i) less avowed religious belief despite being reminded of death and (ii) less group bias despite encountering a sharp critique of the national in-group. While suggestive, these findings were limited by the absence of a non-threat comparison condition and reliance on sham rather than control TMS. Here, in a pre-registered replication and extension, we downregulated pMFC or a control region (MT/V5) and then primed participants with either a reminder of death or a threat-neutral topic. As mentioned previously, participants reminded of death reported less religious belief when pMFC was downregulated. No such effect of pMFC downregulation was observed in the neutral condition, consistent with construing pMFC as monitoring for salient threats (e.g. death) and helping to recruit ideological responses (e.g. enhanced religious belief). However, no effect of downregulating pMFC on group bias was observed, possibly due to reliance on a collegiate in-group framing rather than a national framing as in the prior study.
Co-production of knowledge in transdisciplinary communities of practice: Experiences from food governance in South Africa
Authors: Adelle Camilla , Görgens Tristan , Kroll Florian , Losch Bruno 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Communities of Practice are sites of social learning for the co-production of knowledge. Building on recent literature on Transdisciplinary Communities of Practice, this article reflects on the experiences of an emergent ‘Food Governance Community of Practice’ in South Africa that brings together multiple stakeholders to co-produce knowledge to inform local food policy and governance. Our results show the following lessons for managers and participants engaged in establishing similar ‘third spaces’ for knowledge co-production: 1) make inevitable power asymmetries explicit; 2) the identity of the group should not be built on a particular normative position but emerge from discursive processes and 3) create a balance between supporting peripheral learning and maintaining the specialist cutting edge discussions needed for co-production. Furthermore, the most beneficial legacy of a Community of Practice may not be the outputs in terms of the co-produced knowledge but the development of a cohesive group of stakeholders with a new shared way of knowing.
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase levels increase in patients with narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia
Authors: Wang Peipei , Li Qinghua , Dong Xiaosong , An Haiyan , Li Jing , Zhao Long , Yan Han , Aritake Kosuke , Huang Zhili , Strohl Kingman P , Urade Yoshihiro , Zhang Jun , Han Fang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a frequent cause for consultation and a defining symptom of narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH). The associated mechanisms remain unclear. Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (LPGDS) is a plausible sleep-inducing candidate. This study is to compare cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and serum LPGDS levels in patients group with hypersomnia of central origin, including those with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) and type 2 (NT2) and IH, to those in healthy controls (Con).

Methods
Serum LPGDS, CSF LPGDS, and CSF hypocretin-1(Hcrt-1) levels were measured by ELISA in 122 narcolepsy patients (106 NT1 and 16 NT2), 27 IH, and 51Con.

Results
LPGDS levels in CSF (p = 0.02) and serum (p &lt; 0.001) were 22%–25% lower in control subjects than in patients with EDS complaints, including NT1, NT2, and IH. In contrast to significant differences in CSF Hcrt-1 levels, CSF L-PGDS levels and serum L-PGDS were comparable among NT1, NT2, and IH (p &gt; 0.05), except for slightly lower serum LPGDS in IH than in NT1 (p = 0.01). Serum L-PGDS correlated modestly and negatively to sleep latency on MSLT (r = −0.227, p = 0.007) in hypersomnia subjects.

Conclusions
As a somnogen-producing enzyme, CSF/serum LPGDS may serve as a new biomarker for EDS of central origin and imply a common pathogenetic association, but would complement rather than replaces orexin markers.
Circular RNAs in Toxicology
Authors: Shao Yueting , Jiang Yiguo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of closed, long, non-coding RNAs, which have attracted significant attention in recent years. CircRNAs exhibit unique functions and are characterized by stable expression in various tissues across different species. Because the identification of circRNA in plant viroids in 1976, numerous studies have been conducted to elucidate its generation as well as expression under normal and disease conditions. The rapid development of research focused on the roles of circRNAs as biomarkers in diseases such as cancers has led to increased interests in evaluating the effects of toxicants on the human genetics from a toxicological perspective. Notably, increasing amounts of chemicals are generated in the environment; however, their toxic features and interactions with the human body, particularly from the epigenetic viewpoint, remain largely unknown. Considering the unique features of circRNAs as potential prognostic biomarkers as well as their roles in evaluating health risks following exposure to toxicants, the aim of this review was to assess the latest progress in the research concerning circRNA, to address the role of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in diseases and processes occurring after exposure to toxic compounds. Another goal was to identify the gaps in understanding the interactions between toxic compounds and circRNAs as potential biomarkers. The review presents general information about circRNA (ie, biogenesis and functions) and provides insights into newly discovered exosome-contained circRNA. The roles of circRNAs as potential biomarkers are also explored. A comprehensive review of the available literature on the role of circRNA in toxicological research (ie, chemical carcinogenesis, respiratory toxicology, neurotoxicology, and other unclassified toxicological categories) is included.
Inflammatory Response and Phenotyping in Severe Acute Respiratory Infection From the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Other Etiologies
Authors: Arabi Yaseen M. , Jawdat Dunia , Hajeer Ali H. , Sadat Musharaf , Jose Jesna , Vishwakarma Ramesh K. , Almashaqbeh Walid , Al-Dawood Abdulaziz 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
In this study, we evaluated the inflammatory response in patients with severe acute respiratory infection due to the Middle East respiratory syndrome and non-Middle East respiratory syndrome and assessed the presence of distinct inflammatory subphenotypes using latent class analysis.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

SETTING:
A tertiary care ICU in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

PATIENTS:
Consecutive critically ill patients with laboratory-confirmed Middle East respiratory syndrome severe acute respiratory infection and non-Middle East respiratory syndrome severe acute respiratory infection.

INTERVENTION:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We measured cytokines on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 of ICU stay. We included 116 patients (40 with Middle East respiratory syndrome severe acute respiratory infection and 76 with non-Middle East respiratory syndrome severe acute respiratory infection). On ICU day 1, both patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome severe acute respiratory infection and non-Middle East respiratory syndrome severe acute respiratory infection had higher levels of interleukin-3, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-17A, eotaxin, and epidermal growth factor compared with healthy controls. There were no differences in cytokines over time between patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome severe acute respiratory infection and non-Middle East respiratory syndrome severe acute respiratory infection. Using day 1 cytokine levels, latent class analysis categorized patients into two subphenotypes: subphenotype 1 (n = 74 [64%]) and subphenotype 2 (n = 42 [36%]); the latter had significantly higher levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-1ra, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-7, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, interleukin-12p70, interleukin-15, interleukin-17A, inducible protein-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, interferon-α, and interferon-γ. Although baseline characteristics were not different between the two subphenotypes, patients in the subphenotype 2 had higher ICU mortality compared with the subphenotype 1 (18/42 [43%] vs 17/74 [23%]; p = 0.03).

Conclusions:
One third of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome severe acute respiratory infection and non-Middle East respiratory syndrome severe acute respiratory infection demonstrated a subphenotype characterized by increased proinflammatory cytokines, consistent with cytokine storm. Further research is needed to examine whether immunomodulators have differential effects based on inflammatory subphenotypes.