bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward Fast Screening of Organic Solar Cell Blends
Authors: Levitsky Artem , Matrone Giovanni Maria , Khirbat Aditi , Bargigia Ilaria , Chu Xiaolei , Nahor Oded , Segal‐Peretz Tamar , Moulé Adam J. , Richter Lee J. , Silva Carlos , Stingelin Natalie , Frey Gitti L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ever increasing library of materials systems developed for organic solar‐cells, including highly promising non‐fullerene acceptors and new, high‐efficiency donor polymers, demands the development of methodologies that i) allow fast screening of a large number of donor:acceptor combinations prior to device fabrication and ii) permit rapid elucidation of how processing affects the final morphology/microstructure of the device active layers. Efficient, fast screening will ensure that important materials combinations are not missed; it will accelerate the technological development of this alternative solar‐cell platform toward larger‐area production; and it will permit understanding of the structural changes that may occur in the active layer over time. Using the relatively high‐efficiency poly[(5,6‐difluoro‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazol‐4,7‐diyl)‐alt‐(3,3′′′‐di(2‐octyldodecyl)‐2,2′;5′,2′′;5′′,2′′′‐quaterthiophen‐5,5′′′‐diyl)] (PCE11):phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid‐methyl‐ester acceptor (PCBM) blend systems, it is demonstrated that by means of straight‐forward thermal analysis, vapor‐phase‐infiltration imaging, and transient‐absorption spectroscopy, various blend compositions and processing methodologies can be rapidly screened, information on promising combinations can be obtained, reliability issues with respect to reproducibility of thin‐film formation can be identified, and insights into how processing aids, such as nucleating agents, affect structure formation, can be gained.
Safe Spaces Embedded in Dangerous Contexts: How Chicago Youth Navigate Daily Life and Demonstrate Resilience in High‐Crime Neighborhoods
Authors: DaViera Andrea L. , Roy Amanda L. , Uriostegui Marbella , Fiesta Denise 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMuch is known about how experiences of community violence negatively affect youth, but far less research has explored how youth remain resilient while living in dangerous neighborhoods. This study addresses this need by analyzing in‐depth, geo‐narrative interviews conducted with 15 youth (60% Black, 27% Latinx, 53% female, 14 to 17 years old) residing in low‐income, high‐crime Chicago neighborhoods to explore youths’ perceptions of safety and strategies for navigating neighborhood space. After carrying geographical positioning system (GPS) trackers for an eight‐day period, youths’ travel patterns were mapped, and these maps were used as part of an interview with youth that explored daily routines, with special consideration paid to where and when youth felt safe. Drawing on activity settings theory and exploring youth voice, we find that experiences of community violence are commonplace, but youth describe how they have safe spaces that are embedded within these dangerous contexts. Perceptions of safety and danger were related to environmental, social, and temporal cues. Youth reported four overarching safety strategies, including avoidance, hypervigilance, self‐defense, and emotional management, but these strategies considerably varied by gender. We discuss implications for practice and future directions of research.Highlights

This study explored Chicago youths' safety strategies and resilience in high‐crime neighborhoods.

Safe and dangerous spaces are embedded or overlapping settings.

All youth practiced safety strategies but they considerably varied by gender.

Perceptions are intersubjectively created due to the codes, rules, and norms of community life.

Violence is common and extreme in everyday life of this sample of Chicago adolescents.
Ultrasonographic assessment of aortic flow characteristics in a paediatric patient with sepsis treated with extracorporeal life support: defining the mixing zone
Authors: Reddan Tristan , Venugopal Prem S. , Powell Jennifer , Mattke Adrian C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe describe a case of severe sepsis in a 14‐year‐old boy who was treated with veno‐arterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. The haemodynamic challenges inherent to femoro‐femoral VA ECMO are discussed, and the use of ultrasonography to define the location of the mixing zone in the abdominal aorta is demonstrated. We propose that the use of ultrasound is able to assist clinicians in understanding perfusion of abdominal organs in the presence of suspected differential oxygenation.
Targeted 595‐gene genomic profiling demonstrates low tumor mutational burden in olfactory neuroblastoma
Authors: Friedman Jacob , Schumacher Jane K. , Papagiannopoulos Pete , Al‐Khudari Samer , Tajudeen Bobby A. , Batra Pete S. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundOlfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare skull‐base malignancy associated with delayed local recurrence. Treatment options in recurrent disease are few and unreliable. We undertook analysis of the ONB exome and immune environment in order to identify potential future immunotherapy treatment options.MethodsRetrospective chart review and next‐generation targeted 595‐gene genomic profiling was performed on a cohort of 14 ONB cases utilizing Tempus proprietary DNA and RNA sequencing technology. Tempus analysis provided a measurement of tumor mutational burden (TMB) and composition of the immune cell infiltrate present in tumor samples. Clinically relevant genomic alterations and associated targeted therapies were identified using cancer.gov and clinicaltrials.gov. TMB was tested by univariate analysis against clinical stage, pathologic grade, recurrence risk, and immune cell infiltration.ResultsThe mean age for the subjects was 50 years (range, 13 to 76 years) with a male:female ratio of 1:1. TMB for ONB samples ranged from 1.3 to 9.6 mutations/megabase (Mb) with mean of 3.8 mutations/Mb. Univariate analysis showed no association between TMB and tumor stage, pathologic grade, risk of recurrence, or immune cell infiltration. Genomic profile revealed that 6 of 13 tumors had genetic alterations with targeted therapies in clinical trials, whereas 1 tumor demonstrated KRAS Q61R mutation with U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved targeted therapies.ConclusionTMB is a novel biomarker guiding the classification of neoplasms in the emerging era of immunotherapy. The characterization of ONB as a low‐TMB pathology contributes to the overall taxonomy of all cancers and suggests limited utility of immunotherapy treatment.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed C8‐Dienylation of Quinoline‐N‐Oxides
Authors: Shukla Rahul K. , Nair Akshay M. , Khan Salman , Volla Chandra M. R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn efficient Cp*CoIII‐catalyzed C8‐dienylation of quinoline‐N‐oxides was achieved by employing allenes bearing leaving groups at the α‐position as the dienylating agents. The reaction proceeds by CoIII‐catalyzed C−H activation of quinoline‐N‐oxides and regioselective migratory insertion of the allene followed by a β‐oxy elimination, leading to overall dienylation. Site‐selective C−H activation was achieved with excellent selectivity under mild reaction conditions, and 30 mol % of a NaF additive was found to be crucial for the efficient dienylation. The methodology features high stereoselectivity, mild reaction conditions, and good functional‐group tolerance. C8‐alkenylation of quinoline‐N‐oxides was achieved in the case of allenes devoid of leaving groups as coupling partners. Furthermore, gram‐scale preparation and preliminary mechanistic experiments were carried out to gain insights into the reaction mechanism.
Interspecies differences on pharmacokinetics of rebamipide following oral administration to rats and dogs
Authors: Baek In‐hwan , Ha Dong Kyoung , Joo Da‐seul , Kim Min Ji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRebamipide is used widely in East Asia for the treatment of gastric ulcers, acute gastritis, and exacerbated chronic gastritis. The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of rebamipide following single oral administration in rats and dogs. Eleven rats and dogs received single oral administrations of rebamipide (35 mg/kg and 100 mg, respectively). Blood samples were collected according to the assigned schedule, and the plasma concentration of rebamipide was determined using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A double‐peak phenomenon was observed in the PK profile of rebamipide in rats. In contrast, rebamipide showed a conventional PK profile without double peaks in dogs. The half‐life of rebamipide in rats (12.85 ± 7.86 h) was longer than that in dogs (5.62 ± 2.24 h), and the apparent total clearance (Clt/F) of rebamipide in rats (3.32 ± 1.18 L/h) was lower than that in dogs (105.01 ± 42.37 L/h). Simple allometric approaches showed that the correlation between body weight and Clt/F (R2 = 0.9287) among rats, dogs, and humans appeared satisfactory. This finding will help not only in understanding the pharmacology of rebamipide but also in establishing a strategy for in vivo evaluation of novel rebamipide formulations.
Noonan syndrome on the African Continent
Authors: Tekendo‐Ngongang Cedrik , Kruszka Paul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNoonan syndrome is a common genetic syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in genes in the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway. The medical literature has an abundance of studies on Noonan syndrome, but few are from the African continent.MethodsThe medical literature was searched for studies on Noonan syndrome from the African continent and these reports were added to our experience in Africa. Facial analysis was reviewed from two previous reports from our group using a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm and an analysis using the Face2Gene convolutional neural network technology.ResultsIndividuals with Noonan syndrome from reports in African populations have the classic phenotype characteristics including typical minor facial anomalies such as widely spaced eyes (31–100%), short stature (71–100%), and congenital heart disease with pulmonary stenosis found in 24–100% of patients. Similarly, the genotypes are similar with the majority of variants occurring in the gene PTPN11 (72%) and 36% of these variants occurred in the amino acid residue Asn308, which is most commonly found in other populations. The two separate facial analysis algorithms successfully discriminated Africans with NS from unaffected matched individuals with area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic of 0.94 (SVM) and 0.979 for the Face2Gene research methodology.ConclusionFew studies characterizing Noonan syndrome in Africans have been conducted, highlighting the need for more genetic and genomic research in African populations. Available clinical data, genotypes, and facial analysis technology data show that individuals of African descent with NS can be efficiently diagnosed using available standards.
Dynamic flux balance analysis of biomass and lipid production by Antarctic thraustochytrid Oblongichytrium sp. RT2316‐13
Authors: Shene Carolina , Paredes Paris , Flores Liset , Leyton Allison , Asenjo Juan A. , Chisti Yusuf 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProduction of biomass and lipids in batch cultures of the Antarctic thraustochytrid Oblongichytrium sp. RT2316‐13, is reported. The microorganism proved capable of producing nearly 67% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 15% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in its total lipid fraction. Biomass with a maximum total lipid content of 33.5% (wt/wt) could be produced at 15°C in batch culture using a medium containing glucose (20 g/L), yeast extract (10.5 g/L), and other minor components. A lower culture temperature (5°C) reduced biomass and lipid productivities compared to culture at 15°C, but enhanced the DHA and EPA content of the lipids by 6.4‐ and 3.3‐fold, respectively. Both a simple minimally structured mathematical model and a more complex genome‐scale metabolic model (GEM) allowed the fermentation profiles in batch cultures to be satisfactorily simulated, but the GEM provided much greater insight in the biochemical and physiological phenomena underlying the observed behavior. Unlike the simpler model, the GEM could be interrogated for the possible effects of various external factors such as oxygen supply, on the expected outcomes. In silico predictions of oxygen effects were consistent with literature observations for DHA producing thraustochytrids.
A novel pathogenic variant of SRD5A2 in an Iranian psuedohermaphrodite male
Authors: Dalili Setilla , Rabbani Bahareh , Hassanzadeh Rad Afagh , Koohmanaee Shaahin , Mahdieh Nejat 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDeficiency of the 5‐alpha‐reductase may have an important role in 46,XY DSD in some cohorts. The prenatal ultrasonography and karyotyping can trigger the attention toward the presence of a DSD in fetus.
Tipifarnib in recurrent, metastatic HRAS‐mutant salivary gland cancer
Authors: Hanna Glenn J. , Guenette Jeffrey P. , Chau Nicole G. , Sayehli Cyrus M. , Wilhelm Christian , Metcalf Robert , Wong Deborah J. , Brose Marcia , Razaq Mohammad , Pérez‐Ruiz Elisabeth , Cohen Ezra E. W. , Aggarwal Rahul , Scholz Catherine , Gualberto Antonio , Ho Alan L. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundTo the authors' knowledge, there are no approved therapies for recurrent, metastatic (R/M) salivary gland carcinoma (SGC), but molecularly targeted therapies warrant ongoing investigation. In the current study, the authors have reported on the efficacy of tipifarnib in patients with aggressive HRAS‐mutant, R/M SGC.MethodsThe current prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter, international cohort study involved 8 centers and was conducted from May 2015 to June 2019. The median follow‐up was 22 months (range, 6‐55 months). Subjects with HRAS‐mutant R/M SGC (any histology) and disease progression within the last 6 months were enrolled. Tipifarnib was dosed orally twice daily. The authors determined the objective response rate using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (version 1.1), duration of response, and molecular predictors of response.ResultsA total of 13 patients with R/M SGC were enrolled; all had received prior systemic therapy (1‐3 regimens). One objective response was observed; an additional 7 of 12 evaluable patients (58%) had stable disease as their best response with a median duration of 9 months (range, 3‐14 months). Five of 7 patients had >10% tumor regression and 6 of 7 had stable disease lasting >6 months. Q61R was the most frequent activating HRAS mutation noted (7 of 13 patients; 54%), but gene variant and allele frequency did not correlate with outcomes. The median progression‐free survival was 7 months (95% confidence interval, 5.9‐10.1 months), and the median overall survival was 18 months (95% confidence interval, 9.6‐22.4 months) with approximately 58.6% of patients alive at 1 year. Survival was similar regardless of HRAS mutant variant or co‐occurring PIK3CA alterations. No participant discontinued treatment because of toxicity.ConclusionsTipifarnib resulted in modest clinical activity with a promising disease control rate among patients with HRAS‐mutant, R/M SGC who developed disease progression within the last 6 months.
Packet‐level‐based traffic aggregation to optimize NDN content delivery
Authors: Huo Lingling 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn recent years, named data networking (NDN) has been accepted as the most popular future paradigm and attracted much attention, of which the routing model contains interest forwarding and content delivery. However, interest forwarding is far from the bottleneck of routing optimization; instead, the study on content delivery can greatly promote routing performance. Although many proposals on content delivery have been investigated, they have not considered packet‐level caching and deep traffic aggregation, which goes against the performance optimization of content delivery. In this paper, we propose a packet‐level‐based traffic aggregation (PLTA) scheme to optimize NDN content delivery. At first, the packet format is devised, and data plane development kit (DPDK) is used to ensure same size for each packet. Then, the whole delivery scheme with traffic aggregation consideration is presented. The simulation is driven by the real YouTube dataset over Deltacom, NSFNET, and CERNET topologies, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed PLTA has better delivery performance than three baselines in terms of cache hit ratio, delivery delay, network load, and energy efficiency.
Gene flow and species delimitation in fishes of Western North America: Flannelmouth (Catostomus latipinnis) and Bluehead sucker (C. Pantosteus discobolus)
Authors: Bangs Max R. , Douglas Marlis R. , Chafin Tyler K. , Douglas Michael E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe delimitation of species boundaries, particularly those obscured by reticulation, is a critical step in contemporary biodiversity assessment. It is especially relevant for conservation and management of indigenous fishes in western North America, represented herein by two species with dissimilar life histories codistributed in the highly modified Colorado River (i.e., flannelmouth sucker, Catostomus latipinnis; bluehead sucker, C. (Pantosteus) discobolus). To quantify phylogenomic patterns and examine proposed taxonomic revisions, we first employed double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD), yielding 39,755 unlinked SNPs across 139 samples. These were subsequently evaluated with multiple analytical approaches and by contrasting life history data. Three phylogenetic methods and a Bayesian assignment test highlighted similar phylogenomic patterns in each, but with considerable difference in presumed times of divergence. Three lineages were detected in bluehead sucker, supporting elevation of C. (P.) virescens to species status and recognizing C. (P.) discobolus yarrowi (Zuni bluehead sucker) as a discrete entity. Admixture in the latter necessitated a reevaluation of its contemporary and historic distributions, underscoring how biodiversity identification can be confounded by complex evolutionary histories. In addition, we defined three separate flannelmouth sucker lineages as ESUs (evolutionarily significant units), given limited phenotypic and genetic differentiation, contemporary isolation, and lack of concordance (per the genealogical concordance component of the phylogenetic species concept). Introgression was diagnosed in both species, with the Little Colorado and Virgin rivers in particular. Our diagnostic methods, and the agreement of our SNPs with previous morphological, enzymatic, and mitochondrial work, allowed us to partition complex evolutionary histories into requisite components, such as isolation versus secondary contact.
Patterns of host–parasite associations in tropical lice and their passerine hosts in Cameroon
Authors: Gajdošová Magdalena , Sychra Oldřich , Kreisinger Jakub , Sedláček Ondřej , Nana Eric Djomo , Albrecht Tomáš , Munclinger Pavel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoevolutionary processes that drive the patterns of host–parasite associations can be deduced through congruence analysis of their phylogenies. Feather lice and their avian hosts have previously been used as typical model systems for congruence analysis; however, such analyses are strongly biased toward nonpasserine hosts in the temperate zone. Further, in the Afrotropical region especially, cospeciation studies of lice and birds are entirely missing. This work supplements knowledge of host–parasite associations in lice using cospeciation analysis of feather lice (genusMyrsideaand theBrueeliacomplex) and their avian hosts in the tropical rainforests of Cameroon. Our analysis revealed a limited number of cospeciation events in both parasite groups. The parasite–host associations in both louse groups were predominantly shaped by host switching. Despite a general dissimilarity in phylogeny for the parasites and hosts, we found significant congruence in host–parasite distance matrices, mainly driven by associations betweenBrueelialice and passerine species of the Waxbill (Estrildidae) family, andMyrsidealice and their Bulbul (Pycnonotidae) host species. As such, our study supports the importance of complex biotic interactions in tropical environments.
Genetic evidence for sexual reproduction and multiple infections of Norway spruce cones by the rust fungus Thekopsora areolata
Authors: Capador Hernán , Samils Berit , Kaitera Juha , Olson Åke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRust fungi are obligate parasites, of plants, with complex and in many cases poorly known life cycles which may include host alteration and up to five spore types with haploid, diploid, and dikaryotic nuclear stages. This study supports that Thekopasora areolata, the causal agent of cherry‐spruce rust in Norway spruce, is a macrocyclic heteroecious fungus with all five spore stages which uses two host plants Prunus padus and Picea abies to complete its life cycle. High genotypic diversity without population structure was found, which suggests predominantly sexual reproduction, random mating and a high gene flow within and between the populations in Fennoscandia. There was no evidence for an autoecious life cycle resulting from aeciospore infection of pistillate cones that would explain the previously reported rust epidemics without the alternate host. However, within cones and scales identical multilocus genotypes were repeatedly sampled which can be explained by vegetative growth of the fertilized mycelia or repeated mating of mycelium by spermatia of the same genotype. The high genotypic diversity within cones and haplotype inference show that each pistillate cone is infected by several basidiospores. This study provides genetic evidence for high gene flow, sexual reproduction, and multiple infections of Norway spruce cone by the rust fungus T. areolata which expands the general understanding of the biology of rust fungi.
Electrochemical Detections of Tea Polyphenols: A Review
Authors: Saikrithika Sairaman , Senthil Kumar Annamalai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTea, contains an abundant amount of polyphenols, has many health benefits, and acts as a remedy for many diseases, including cardiovascular and neurological disorders. In this article, we have reviewed the reported electrochemical techniques for the detection of tea polyphenols under the sub‐headings, separation coupled with electrochemical detection, direct electrochemical detection, bioelectrochemical sensing, simultaneous electrochemical detection and flow injection analysis.