bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update on food allergy
Authors: Peters Rachel L. , Krawiec Marta , Koplin Jennifer J. , Santos Alexandra F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFood allergy is a major public health issue with growing prevalence in the urbanized world and significant impact on the lives of allergic patients and their families. Research into the risk factors that have contributed to this increase and their underlying immune mechanisms could lead us to definitive ways for treatment and prevention of food allergy. For the time being, introduction of peanut and other allergenic foods in the diet at the time of weaning seems to be an effective way to prevent the development of food allergy. Improved diagnosis and appropriate management and support of food allergic patients are central to patient care with food immunotherapy and biologics making the transition to clinical practice. With the new available treatments, it is becoming increasingly important to include patients' and family preferences to provide a management plan tailored to their needs.
Large‐fragment insertion activates gene GaFZ (Ga08G0121) and is associated with the fuzz and trichome reduction in cotton (Gossypium arboreum)
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Miao Yuchen , Cai Yingfan , Sun Gaofei , Jia Yinhua , Song Song , Pan Zhaoe , Zhang Yuanming , Wang Liyuan , Fu Guoyong , Gao Qiong , Ji Gaoxiang , Wang Pengpeng , Chen Baojun , Peng Zhen , Zhang Xiaomeng , Wang Xiao , Ding Yi , Hu Daowu , Geng Xiaoli , Wang Liru , Pang Baoyin , Gong Wenfang , He Shoupu , Du Xiongming 
Published: December 2020

SummaryCotton seeds are typically covered by lint and fuzz fibres. Natural ‘fuzzless’ mutants are an ideal model system for identifying genes that regulate cell initiation and elongation. Here, using a genome‐wide association study (GWAS), we identified a ~ 6.2 kb insertion, larINDELFZ, located at the end of chromosome 8, composed of a ~ 5.0 kb repetitive sequence and a ~ 1.2 kb fragment translocated from chromosome 12 in fuzzless Gossypium arboreum. The presence of larINDELFZ was associated with a fuzzless seed and reduced trichome phenotypes in G. arboreum. This distant insertion was predicted to be an enhancer, located ~ 18 kb upstream of the dominant‐repressor GaFZ (Ga08G0121). Ectopic overexpression of GaFZ in Arabidopsis thaliana and G. hirsutum suggested that GaFZ negatively modulates fuzz and trichome development. Co‐expression and interaction analyses demonstrated that GaFZ might impact fuzz fibre/trichome development by repressing the expression of genes in the very‐long‐chain fatty acid elongation pathway. Thus, we identified a novel regulator of fibre/trichome development while providing insights into the importance of noncoding sequences in cotton.
Disparities in telemedicine access for Spanish‐speaking patients during the COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Blundell Andrew R. , Kroshinsky Daniela , Hawryluk Elena B. , Das Shinjita 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe rapid rise of telemedicine during the COVID‐19 pandemic raised the prospect of worsening health care disparities for vulnerable populations. We retrospectively compared pediatric teledermatology visits scheduled during the pandemic (03/17/2020‐07/31/2020) with in‐person appointments scheduled during the same period in 2019 and found that Spanish‐speaking patients had significantly fewer scheduled appointments in 2020 (9% vs 5%, P < .001). Among the telemedicine cohort, Spanish‐speaking patients were less likely to have an email address documented within the electronic medical record and less likely to have activated an online patient portal account prior to their visit during the pandemic (45% vs 62%, P = .017, and 23% vs 66%, P < .001, respectively). Our findings suggest that email connectedness may represent a bottleneck in telemedicine access for Spanish‐speaking pediatric dermatology patients.
Light‐based treatment of pediatric port‐wine birthmarks
Authors: Tran Jennifer M. , Kelly Kristen M. , Drolet Beth A. , Krakowski Andrew C. , Arkin Lisa M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPort‐wine birthmarks (PWBs) are progressive vascular malformations with significant disfigurement and psychosocial morbidity; early light‐based treatment has shown improved outcomes in the pediatric population. Somatic mosaic mutations underly the progressive nature of PWBs and explain the significant differences in response and heterogeneity of vessel architecture in the pediatric population when compared to the adult cohort. Here, we summarize a review of pediatric specific literature on the various light‐based treatment modalities, including pulsed dye laser, near‐infrared lasers, and intense pulsed light, providing the various indications, tips, advantages, and disadvantages for the pediatric dermatologist.
24‐epibrassinolide‐induced growth promotion of wheat seedlings is associated with changes in the proteome and tyrosine phosphoproteome
Authors: Avalbaev A. , Yuldashev R. , Fedorova K. , Petrova N. , Fedina E. , Gilmanova R. , Karimova F. , Shakirova F. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Brassinosteroids (BRs) represent a unique class of steroidal plant hormones that display pronounced growth‐promoting activity at very low concentrations. Although many efforts have been made to characterize the molecular basis of BR action, little is known about the mechanisms behind the growth‐promoting effect of BRs at protein level.

Proteomic analysis of response to the steroid plant hormone 24‐epibrassinolide (EBR) in wheat seedling shoots (Triticum aestivum L.) was performed using two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) and immunoblotting with highly specific antibodies (PY20) to phosphotyrosine. EBR‐modulated proteins and phosphotyrosine polypeptides were identified using MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry.

The study revealed that EBR‐stimulated growth of wheat seedlings was accompanied by changes in the content of multiple proteins as well as in tyrosine phosphorylation of numerous polypeptides. Among them, 22 differentially accumulated proteins and 13 phosphotyrosine proteins were identified. Based on their performed functions, the identified proteins are involved in physiological processes (photosynthesis, growth, energy and amino acid metabolism) closely associated with intensification of plant metabolism.

The EBR‐induced changes in protein abundance and tyrosine phosphorylation profile may contribute to growth stimulation of wheat seedlings under the action of EBR. The obtained data suggest an important role for EBR in the activation of protein metabolism underlying fundamental physiological processes, including growth promotion.
Screening of chemical attractants for second‐stage juveniles of Meloidogyne species on agar plates
Authors: Oka Yuji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe attractiveness of 60 aromatic compounds, mainly carboxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, and phenols, to second‐stage juveniles (J2) of four Meloidogyne species (M. hapla, M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. marylandi) was evaluated based on the relative density of J2 attracted to a test compound on an agar plate in an 8.5‐cm Petri dish. Three types of nematode responses were observed in the single‐compound assays: attraction, in which J2 were attracted to test compounds; concentration‐dependent attraction, in which J2 were attracted to the zone located 1–2 cm from test compounds; and no response. None of the test compounds effectively attracted M. incognita or repelled J2 of any species. Thirty‐five compounds attracted J2 of at least one of the other three nematode species. Highly effective attractants were trans‐cinnamic acid, salicylic acid, 4′‐hydroxy‐3′‐methoxyacetophenone, o‐vanillin, carvacrol, 3‐methoxybenzyl alcohol, 2‐methoxycinnamaldehyde, trans‐p‐methoxycinnamaldehyde, 4‐methoxy‐3‐methylbenzaldehyde, 2‐methoxy‐4‐propenylphenol, and thymol. Salicylic acid dissolved in the agar reduced the attraction of M. marylandi J2 to salicylic acid and to o‐vanillin. Two‐ and three‐compound assays revealed differences in attractiveness to M. marylandi J2 between or among structural isomers of the attractants. o‐Vanillin and salicylic acid were much more attractive to M. marylandi than vanillin and the two isomers of salicylic acid, respectively. It is not clear whether nematodes utilize the attractants found in the study for locating hosts in nature, but the attractants may have potential for use in nematode control.
Manipulation of Chlorella vulgaris polyunsaturated ω‐3 fatty acid profile by supplementation with vegetable amino acids and fatty acids
Authors: Siahbalaei Roghayeh , Kavoosi Gholamreza , Noroozi Mostafa 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYThe present research aims to investigate the fatty acid profile of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris supplemented with bioactive oils and amino acids from Oliveria decumbens, Thymus kotschyanus, Trachyspermum ammi, and Zataria multiflora. C. vulgaris was cultured during 4 days in presence of the plant oil (5 mL/1000 mL) and amino acid (5 g/1000 mL) extracts at the end of the logarithmic phase. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis (GC–MS) revealed that major fatty acids of C. vulgaris were palmitic (29.33%), oleic (15.76%), linoleic (10.02%), α‐linolenic (8.69%), γ‐linolenic (4.11%), palmitoleic (3.43%), and lauric (2.48%) acids, as well as 5,8,11,14,17‐eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (2.26%). The used vegetable oil mainly composed of ω‐3 and ω‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and significantly induced ω‐3 and ω‐6 fatty acids such as linoleic, α‐linolenic, γ‐linolenic, and oleic acids, as well as EPA in C. vulgaris. Furthermore, the analyzed vegetable amino acids significantly induced ω‐3 and ω‐6 PUFAs, such as linoleic, α‐linolenic, γ‐linolenic, and oleic acids, as well as EPA in C. vulgaris, but with a differential manner relative to fatty acids.
Quietist metaethical realism and moral determination
Authors: Kalf Wouter Floris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMetaethical realists believe that moral facts exist, but they disagree among themselves about whether moral facts have ontological import. Robust realists think that they do. Quietist realists deny this. I argue that quietist realism faces a new objection; viz., the moral determination objection. This is the objection that general moral facts (or moral principles) must determine specific moral facts (or which actions in the world are right and wrong) but that general moral facts cannot do this if they lack ontological import. I also argue that some robust realists can answer the moral determination objection. This gives these robust realists an edge over quietist realism.
Do International Sanctions Reduce Household and Government Consumption in Developing Countries?
Authors: Williams Kevin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper uses a panel of 30 developing countries over the 1996‐2015 period to study the effect that international sanctions have on household and government consumption in target countries. I use a broad set of sanctions covering different aspects of sanctions. The panel model estimates show that sanctions have heterogeneous effect on household and government consumption. Household consumption responds significantly negative to noneconomic sanctions. Government consumption, in contrast, is negatively associated with intensity of sanctions, economic sanctions, plurilaterial sanctions, EU sanctions and U.S. sanctions. Disaggregating government consumption reveals that the intensity of sanctions increases government expenditure on subsidies and transfers, while government expenditure on goods and services is not correlated with sanctions. With regard to health outcomes, there is no clear evidence that sanctions are significantly associated with either life expectancy or infant mortality in target countries.
Nurses’ perceptions of care quality for older patients suffering cancer in acute care settings: A descriptive study
Authors: Launonen Minna , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri , Repo Marita , Kvist Tarja 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo describe the quality of care for older cancer patients in acute care settings as perceived by the responsible nursing staff.MethodsA cross‐sectional study design was used. Data were collected using a questionnaire completed by 90 nursing staff at a university hospital and a city hospital. Quality of care was measured using the Revised Humane Caring Scale. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, nonparametric tests and linear regression analysis were used to analyse the data.FindingsGenerally, the nursing staff perceived the quality of care as good; however, university hospital nursing staff perceived the quality of care to be better than city hospital nursing staff. Compared with other age groups, nursing staff in the 30‐ to 40‐year age group more frequently indicated that patients’ information and participation need improvement. Moreover, supplemental education in cancer care was found to have no significant impact on the quality of care. Altogether, nursing staff disagreed the most about their perceptions of staffing, sufficient time and an unhurried atmosphere.ConclusionNursing staff should focus more on patients’ personal needs, particularly with regard to patients’ provision of information and participation in care. Younger nurses need more support and mentoring about complex care from their experienced colleagues when performing their work. Leaders should guarantee availability of the adequate number of competent staff in hospital wards.
‘How would you describe Grandpa?’ Mothers’ personal intelligence predicts personality talk with their children
Authors: Kenney Erin M. , Leichtman Michelle D. , Mayer John D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMother–child conversations reflect and support many important skills—including, perhaps, children's understanding of personality. Children acquire an understanding of people's personalities during the preschool and early elementary years. This study of 4‐ to 9‐year‐old children and their mothers (Npairs = 135) investigated the relation between mothers’ ability to reason about the personalities of self and others—termed personal intelligence—and characteristics of their conversations with their children. Mothers and children conversed about topics potentially involving personality (e.g., contrasting two relatives), and later completed a validated ability‐based measure of personal intelligence. Across the conversations recorded between mother and child dyads, mothers’ personality talk was correlated with children's, and mothers’ personal intelligence scores predicted both, independent of age. This is the first study to document individual differences among mothers that may shape their conversations with children about people, with implications for children's developing understanding of personality.
Influence of quarantine mask use on skin characteristics: One of the changes in our life caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kim Jongwook , Yoo Suji , Kwon Oh Sun , Jeong Eui Taek , Lim Jun Man , Park Sun Gyoo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe influence of various environmental factors on skin properties is well known. However, there is a lack of research into the effect of quarantine masks on skin properties, even though the use of masks has significantly increased after the COVID‐19 outbreak. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of mask use on skin properties.Materials and MethodsTwenty subjects were enrolled in this study. The subjects used approved quarantine masks for 6 hours a day for 2 weeks. We measured eight skin biophysical parameters: temperature, redness, pore volume, texture, elasticity, trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum content, and pH, and evaluated acne lesions before and after using quarantine masks. The evaluation was performed on the mask‐wearing area of the face.ResultsSkin temperature, redness, and TEWL increased significantly after a 6‐hour mask use, while the sebum content increased marginally. Skin elasticity was reduced by the use of masks over 1 and 2 weeks, whereas the pore volume and the number of acne lesions increased after a 2‐week mask use. The skin changes caused by mask use showed sex‐based differences in the skin elasticity (after 6 hours), redness, and roughness (after 2 weeks).ConclusionsThe use of quarantine masks causes a change in the skin temperature, redness, and TEWL in the short term and in skin elasticity, pores, and acne in the long term. This study revealed that prolonged mask use could have negative effects on the skin.
A milk casein hydrolysate‐derived peptide enhances glucose uptake through the AMP‐activated protein kinase signalling pathway in skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Iwasa Masayo , Takezoe Shiina , Kitaura Naoko , Sutani Takatoshi , Miyazaki Hidetoshi , Aoi Wataru 
Published: December 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
How do common active ingredients contained in both Lactobacillus helveticus‐fermented milk and milk casein hydrolysate (MCH) enhance glucose metabolism by skeletal muscle?

What is the main finding and its importance?
MCH enhanced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells by stimulating AMP‐activated kinase, but not insulin, signalling. Moreover, the MCH‐derived specific peptide Ile‐Pro‐Pro mimicked this effect, suggesting a mechanism for MCH‐induced metabolic improvement.

AbstractImprovement of glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle has a key role in exercise performance and prevention of metabolic diseases. In our previous study, we showed that intake of milk casein hydrolysate improves glucose metabolism in humans, but the mechanism of action was not elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of milk casein hydrolysate and its derived peptides on glucose uptake and glucose metabolic signalling in cultured skeletal muscle cells. Differentiated C2C12 myotubes were used for the experiments. The differentiated cells were incubated with milk casein hydrolysate, valine–proline–proline and isoleucine–proline–proline. Subsequently, the rate of 2‐deoxy‐glucose uptake and the phosphorylation levels of insulin‐dependent and ‐independent signalling factors were examined. We found that the rate of 2‐deoxy‐glucose uptake in both milk casein hydrolysate and isoleucine–proline–proline‐treated cells was higher than that in the control cells. Immunoblotting assays showed that the phosphorylation levels of AMP‐activated protein kinase, a rate‐limiting factor in insulin‐independent signalling, and of liver kinase B1, an upstream factor of AMP‐activated protein kinase, in both milk casein hydrolysate and isoleucine–proline–proline‐treated cells were higher than those in the control cells. Such significant effects were not observed after treatment with valine–proline–proline. Moreover, the insulin‐dependent signalling was not significantly affected under the different conditions. The findings of our study suggest that milk casein hydrolysate enhances glucose uptake by activating insulin‐independent AMP‐activated protein kinase signalling in skeletal muscle cells, which might be mediated by a milk casein hydrolysate‐derived peptide, namely, isoleucine–proline–proline.
Differential responses to breath‐holding, voluntary deep breathing and hypercapnia in left and right dorsal anterior cingulate
Authors: Holton Patrick , Huang Yongzhi , Bahuri Nor Faizal Ahmad , Boccard Sandra , Hyam Jonathan A. , Paterson David J. , Dorrington Keith L. , Aziz Tipu Z. , Moosavi Shakeeb H. , Green Alexander L. 
Published: December 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
What is the role of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in respiration control in humans?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Direct evidence is provided for a role of the ACC in respiratory control in humans. The neurophysiological responses in dorsal ACC to different breathing tasks varied and were different between left and right ACC.

AbstractThe role of subcortical structures and cerebral cortex in the maintenance of respiratory homeostasis in humans remains poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests an important role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in respiratory control. In this study, local field potentials (LFPs) from dorsal ACC were recorded in humans through implanted deep brain electrodes during several breathing activities, including voluntary activities of breath‐holding and deep breathing, and involuntary activities of inspiration of varying concentrations of carbon dioxide (1%, 3%, 5% and 7%). We found that the breath‐holding task induced significant unilateral left‐sided ACC changes in LFP power, including an increased activity in lower frequency bands (3–5 Hz) and decreased activity in higher frequency bands (12–26 Hz). The respiratory task involving reflex increase in ventilation due to hypercapnia (raised inspired CO2) was associated with bilateral changes in activity of the ACC (again with increased activity in lower frequency bands and reduced activity in higher frequency bands). The voluntary breathing task with associated hypocapnia (deep breathing) induced bilateral changes in activity within low frequency bands. Furthermore, probabilistic diffusion tractography analysis showed left‐sided connection of the ACC with the insula and frontal operculum, and bilateral connections within subsections of the cingulate gyrus and the thalamus. This electrophysiological analysis provides direct evidence for a role of the ACC in respiratory control in humans.
A carbon monoxide ‘single breath’ method to measure total haemoglobin mass: a feasibility study
Authors: Krehl Lisa‐Marie , Plumb James O. M. , Wachsmuth Nadine B. , Haupt Sandra , Kumar Shriya B. , Otto James M. , Schierbauer Janis , Grocott Michael P. W. , Montgomery Hugh E. , Schmidt Walter F. J. 
Published: December 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Is it possible to modify the CO‐rebreathing method to acquire reliable measurements of haemoglobin mass in ventilated patients?

What is the main finding and its importance?
A ‘single breath’ of CO with a subsequent 30 s breath hold provides almost as exact a measure of haemoglobin mass as the established optimized CO‐rebreathing method when applied to healthy subjects. The modified method has now to be checked in ventilated patients before it can be used to quantify the contributions of blood loss and of dilution to the severity of anaemia.

AbstractAnaemia is defined by the concentration of haemoglobin (Hb). However, this value is dependent upon both the total circulating haemoglobin mass (tHb‐mass) and the plasma volume (PV) – neither of which is routinely measured. Carbon monoxide (CO)‐rebreathing methods have been successfully used to determine both PV and tHb‐mass in various populations. However, these methods are not yet suitable for ventilated patients. This study aimed to modify the CO‐rebreathing procedure such that a single inhalation of a CO bolus would enable its use in ventilated patients. Eleven healthy volunteers performed four CO‐rebreathing tests in a randomized order, inhaling an identical CO volume. In two tests, CO was rebreathed for 2 min (optimized CO rebreathing; oCOR), and in the other two tests, a single inhalation of a CO bolus was conducted with a subsequent breath hold of 15 s (Procnew15s) or 30 s (Procnew30s). Subsequently, the CO volume in the exhaled air was continuously determined for 20 min. The amount of CO exhaled after 7 and 20 min was respectively 3.1 ± 0.3 and 5.9 ± 1.1 ml for oCOR, 8.7 ± 3.6 and 12.0 ± 4.4 ml for Procnew15s and 5.1 ± 2.0 and 8.4 ±2.6 ml for Procnew30s. tHb‐mass was 843 ± 293 g determined by oCOR, 821 ± 288 g determined by Procnew15s (difference: P < 0.05) and 849 ± 311 g determined by Procnew30s. Bland–Altman plots demonstrated slightly lower tHb‐mass values for Procnew15s compared with oCOR (−21.8 ± 15.3 g) and similar values for Procnew30s. In healthy volunteers, a single inhalation of a CO bolus, preferably followed by a 30 s breath hold, can be used to determine tHb‐mass. These results must now be validated for ventilated patients.