bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MACE-Seq-based coding RNA and TrueQuant-based small RNA profiles in breast cancer: tumor-suppressive miR-1275 identified as a novel marker&nbsp;
Authors: Majed Sevan , Mustafa Suhad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Disruption of cellular processes in the breast by abnormally expressed miRNA is characterized to develop cancer. We aimed to identify the differential expression of small RNAs (sRNAs) and mRNAs in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of the breast cancer (BC) and normal adjacent tissue (NAT). Another aim is to determine the differential expression of miR-1275 as a novel biomarker for BC and also identify its target genes. Methods: TrueQuant method for analysis of sRNA expression and MACE-sequencing method for analysis of gene expression were used analyzing. The RT-qPCR technique was used to confirm miR-1275 down expression. Target genes of miR-1275 were computationally identified using target prediction sites and also the expression level of them was experimentally determined among the expressed genes.Results: TrueQuant findings showed that 1400 sRNAs were differentially expressed in the FFPE tissue of two Kurdish cases with BC, as compared to NAT. Among the sRNAs, 29 small RNAs were shown to be significantly downregulated in BC cells. The RT-qPCR results confirmed that miR-1275 was significantly down-expressed in 20 Kurdish cases with BC compared to NAT. However, Overall survival (OS) analysis revealed that the correlation between the expression level of miR-1275 and clinical significance was highly corrected in cases with BC (OS rate: P = 0.0401). The MACE-seq results revealed that 26843 genes were differentially expressed in the BC tissue compared to NAT, but 7041 genes were displayed in a scatter plot. Furthermore, putative target genes (DVL3, PPP2R2D, THSD4, CREB1, SYT7, and PRKACA) were computationally identified as direct targets of miR-1275 in several target predicted sites. The MACE-seq results revealed that the expression level of these targets was increased in BC tissue compared to NAT. The level of these targets was negatively associated with miR-1275 expression. Finally, the role of down-regulated miR-1275 on its targets in biological mechanisms of BC cells was identified; including cell growth, proliferation, movement, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis.Conclusion: down-expressed miR-1275, a tumor suppressor, is a novel biomarker for early detection of breast cancer. DVL3, PPP2R2D, THSD4, CREB1, SYT7, and PRKACA are newly identified to be targeted by miR-1275.
Are Surgical and Non-Operating Room Interventions Safe in the COVID-19 Pandemic?: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yildirim Serap Aktas , Sarikaya Zeynep , Ulugol Halim , Ozata Sanem , Aksu Ugur , Toraman Fevzi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background It is not known whether emergency surgeries and interventions are safe during the pandemic period. We investigate the effect of surgery and intervention on COVID-19 disease progression, intensive care (ICU) need, mortality, and virus transmission to patients and healthcare workers.Methods This retrospective study was conducted between 20 March -20 May 2020 in six hospitals in Istanbul. Patients were examined in three groups. Group I patients who underwent emergency surgery, Group II patients who underwent emergency nonoperating room intervention, Group III patients who underwent inpatient COVID-19 treatment but did not have any surgery or intervention. During this period, all healthcare workers and patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with any of the symptoms, PCR positivity, or Thorax CT findings were recorded. Patient and healthcare worker transmission, unplanned intensive care need, and death due to COVID-19 were also recorded.Results 1,273 surgical, 476 nonoperating room intervention patients, and 1,884 COVID-19 inpatients were examined. ICU requirement of COVID-19 patients who had surgery was 20 times higher than COVID-19 inpatients and intervention patients but there is no difference in mortality. The total mortality rates were 2.3% in surgical patients, 3.3% in intervention patients diagnosed with COVID-19, and 3% in COVID-19 inpatients. COVID-19 PCR positivity among hospital workers was % 2.4. Only 3.3% of the infected frontline healthcare workers were anesthesiologists. No deaths occurred among infected healthcare workers.Conclusions Emergency surgeries and interventions during the pandemic period did not increase mortality and can be performed safely with very low transmission rates by complying with the effective use of personal protective equipment.
Growing-Rod Implantation Improves Nutrition Status of Early-Onset Scoliosis Patients: A Case Series Study of Minimum 3-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Li Xingye , Li Zheng , Lin Youxi , Tan Haining , Chen Chong , Jianxiong Shen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Early onset scoliosis (EOS) may cause malnutrition in affected patients. Growing-rod treatment has been an effective protocol for treating EOS. The objective of this study is to demonstrate whether growing-rod treatment improves nutritional status of EOS patients.Methods: 52 EOS patients who had dual growing-rod surgery was enrolled. The minimum follow-up was 3-years. Their body weights were normalized based on the data of two National Population Census of China. Z-scores were used to indicate the standard deviation from the median body weight-for-age.Results: The median follow-up time was 6 years. Preoperatively, the prevalence of malnutrition (Z<-2) was 21.2%, and reduced to 9.6% at the end of the follow-up. Preoperatively, the average Z-score was -0.94, and it increased to -0.65 at the latest follow-up (p<0.05). Patients with preoperative Z-score below -1 had more significant increase of Z-scores (-2.15 vs -1.26, p<0.001). A significant negative correlation between the change of Z-score and the preoperative Z-score (correlation coefficient -0.65, p<0.001).Conclusions: The growing rod surgery and lengthening procedures significantly improves the nutrition status of EOS patients. The body weight gains are more significant in patients with lower body weights.
Estimated Number of Short-Stay Service Recipients in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, from 2020 to 2045: Estimation by Machine Learning and Review of Changing Trend by Cartogram
Authors: Ouchi Junko , Hattori Kanetoshi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to estimate the numbers of short-stay service recipients in all administrative units in Hokkaido from 2020 to 2045 with the machine learning approaches and reviewed the changing trends of spatial distributions of the service recipients with cartograms.Methods: A machine learning approach was used for the estimation. To develop the model to estimate, population data in Japan from 2015 to 2017 were used as input signals, whereas data on the numbers of short-stay service recipients at each level of needs for long-term care (levels 1–5) from 2015 to 2017 were used as a supervisory signal. Three models were developed to avoid problems of repeatability. Then, data of the projected population in Hokkaido every 5 years from 2020 to 2045 were fed into each model to estimate the numbers of the service recipients for the 188 administrative units of Hokkaido. The medians of the estimations from the models were considered as the final results; the estimates for 188 administrative units were presented with continuous area cartograms on the map of Hokkaido.Results: The developed models predicted that the number of the service recipients in Hokkaido would peak at 18,016 in 2035 and the number of people at level 3 in particular would increase. The cartograms for levels 2 and 3 from 2020 to 2030 and level 3 for 2035 were heavily distorted in the several populated areas in Hokkaido, indicating that the majority of the service recipients would be concentrated in those populated areas. Conclusions: Machine learning approaches could provide estimates of future care demands for each administrative unit in a prefecture in Japan based on past population and care demand data. Results from the present study can be useful when effective allocations of human resources for nursing care in the region are discussed.
Cognitive Status of Patients Judged Fit for Discharge from the Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit after General Anaesthesia. A Randomized Comparison between Desflurane and Propofol Anaesthesia
Authors: Robert Cyrille , Soulier Anne , Sciard Didier , Dufour Guillaume , Alberti Corinne , Boizeau Priscilla , Beaussier Marc 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The Aldrete's score is used to determine when a patient can safely leave the Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and be transferred to the surgical ward. The Aldrete score is based on the evaluation of vital signs and consciousness. Cognitive functions at the time the patient is judged fit for discharge from the PACU (Aldrete’s score ≥9) had not yet been studied. The aim of this trial was to assess the cognitive status of inpatients emerging either from desflurane or propofol anesthesia, at the time of PACU discharge (Aldrete score ≥9). Methods: Sixty adult patients scheduled for hip or knee arthroplasty under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either desflurane or propofol anesthesia. Patients were evaluated the day before surgery using Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Stroop Test and Verbal Learning Test. After surgery, the Aldrete score was checked every 5 min until reaching a score ≥9. At this time, the same battery of cognitive tests was applied. Every tests were evaluated separately. Cognitive status was reported using a combined Z score pooling together the results all 3 cognitive tests. Results: Among the 3 tests, only DSST was significantly reduced at Aldrete Score ≥9 in the Dsflurane group. Combined Z-scores at Aldrete Score ≥9 were (in medians [interquartils]): -0.2 [-1.2;+0.6] and -0.4 [-1.1;+0.4] for desflurane and propofol groups respectively (P=0.62). The majority of patients did not present any cognitive dysfunction at Aldrete score ≥9 (24 patients out of 27 in the Propofol group and 23 patients out of 25 in the Desflurane group). Conclusion: An Aldrete score ≥9 was associated with satisfactory cognitive function recovery in the majority of the patients after a lower limb arthroplastic surgery under general anesthesia. No difference was observed between desflurane and propofol. This reinforces the clinical value of Aldrete score to state about ability to leave the PACU in safety conditions. Trial Registration: Clinical Trials identifier NCT 02036736
Factors Influencing Physical Activity in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Hurley Nicola , Moyna Niall , Kehoe Bróna , McCaffrey Noel , Redmond Karen , Hardcastle Sarah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite the well-established physical and psychological benefits of physical activity (PA) for cystic fibrosis (CF) populations, adherence to PA programmes within this population remains low. This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence engagement in physical activity, and to explore exercise preferences, among adults with cystic fibrosis. Methods: Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted. Participants were twenty-one adults (mean age 35 years, SD ± 8) with an established diagnosis of CF, living in Ireland. Interview scripts were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Four main themes emerged: barriers, motives, value of exercise-related outcomes, and exercise preferences. The main barriers included: fatigue, low energy levels, time, the weather, and exercise-related confidence. Motives for regular physical activity participation included: enjoyment and perceived competence. Participants who were regularly active valued personally identified exercise-related outcomes such as, accomplishment and affect regulation. Participants indicated a preference for home-based physical activity programs compared to gym- or facility-based programs.Conclusion: Interventions aimed at promoting physical activity among adults with CF should involve home-based programs that foster autonomous motivation confidence, enjoyable activities, personally identified outcomes and competence. Clinical Implications: To increase physical activity participation among adults with CF, home-based interventions that pay attention to the patients’ personally-valued exercise outcomes may be required. Wearable technology that provides real-time feedback may enhance feelings of competence and accomplishment, found to underpin autonomous motivation.
Association Between Heavy Metals and Colon Cancer: An Ecological Study Based on Geographical Information Systems in Northeastern Iran
Authors: Kiani Behzad , Amin Fatemeh Hashemi , Bagheri Nasser , Mohammadi Ali Akbar , yousefi Mahmmod , Faraji Hossein , Roshandel Gholamreza , Beirami Somayeh , Rahimzadeh Hadi , Hoseini Benyamin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Exposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metals has been introduced as a possible contributor to increasing the risk of colon cancer. We aim to explore the associations between heavy metals and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) colon cancer in Northeastern Iran.Methods: Cancer data were drawn from the population-based cancer registry of Golestan province, Northeastern Iran. The heavy metals’ samples were collected from 69 rice milling plants in the study area. Then, the concentration level of seven heavy metals, including Cadmium, Nickel, Cobalt, Copper, Selenium, Lead, and Zink was measured. The Kriging algorithm was used to interpolate the heavy metals' concentration on the surface of the study area. The exploratory regression analysis was conducted to build the ordinary least squares (OLS) models on every possible combination of the candidate explanatory variables. Finally, the best OLS models were chosen to show the effect of heavy metals on colon cancer.Results: Generally, heavy metals were higher in the central part of the province. The analyses showed that the high concentration of Cobalt was associated with the high ASR of colon cancer in men. In contrast, the Selenium concentration was higher in areas with lower ASR of colon cancer in men. A significant regression equation for men colon cancer was found (F(4,137)=38.304, P<.000) with an adjusted R2 of 0.77. The predicted ASR of men colon cancer was -58.3581 with the coefficients for Cobalt= 120.329780; Cadmium= 80.603505; Selenium= -6.069037; Nickel= -3.086802; and Zink= -0.405843. The effect of Copper and Lead on men colon cancer was not significant. We did not find a significant model for women colon cancer.Conclusion: There may be a possible negative correlation between selenium concentration and a lower risk of colon cancer in men. Furthermore, the higher cobalt concentration may be related to an increased risk of men colon cancer.
HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Adherence Test Using Reverse Transcription Isothermal Amplification Inhibition Assay
Authors: Zhang Jane , Zhang Yu , Sullivan Benjamin , Olanrewaju Ayokunle , Bender Andrew , Lillis Lorraine , Boyle David , Drain Paul , Posner Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Current HIV antiretroviral (ART) or pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) therapy adherence monitoring relies on either patient self-reported adherence or monitoring drug dispensing, which are not reliable. We propose an objective adherence monitoring assay which directly measures nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) concentration using a reverse transcription isothermal amplification inhibition assay. We measure the concentration of Tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP), a deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) analog and an active NRTI compound and long-term adherence marker for PrEP, by measuring the inhibition of the reverse transcription of an RNA template. The completion or inhibition of reverse transcription is evaluated by Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA), an isothermal nucleic acid amplification assay. We present and validate a model that predicts the amplification probability as function of dATP and TFV-DP concentrations, nucleotide binding sites on the RNA template, and the RNA template concentration. The model helps to rationally design and optimize the assay to operate at clinically relevant TFV-DP concentrations. We provide statistical analysis that demonstrates how the assay can be used as a qualitative or semi-quantitative tool for measuring adherence to NRTI drugs and used to support patient compliance.
Reference Intervals for 26 Common Biochemical Analytes in Term Neonates in Jilin Province, China
Authors: Wang Kaijin , Zhu Xuetong , Zhou Qi , Xu Jiancheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Biochemical analytes provide information for neonatal disease management and therapy, and population-based reference intervals (RIs) are essential to accurately interpret laboratory test results. This study aimed to establish local RIs for biochemical assays in term neonates.Methods: A total of 195 healthy term neonates from birth to 3rd day were recruited as reference individuals prospectively. Analytes of 26 common biochemistries were measured using the VITROS 5600 Integrated System. The 3-level nested ANOVA was performed to assess the need for partitioning RIs of each analytes, and RIs were derived by a nonparametric method or robust method. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate specific correlations between the analytes and individual characteristics including age, gender, gestational age, birthweight and delivery mode.Results: There were no between-sex differences in all analytes, whereas there were significant between-day-age differences in 6 analytes. Small between-delivery-mode differences were observed in the results for potassium, phosphate, and urea. The major related factor of most analytes was postnatal age. During the first 3 days, values of iron, lipids and lipoproteins increased; creatinine, urea, uric acid, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase decreased; other analytes showed slight changes or relatively stable trends. Reference limits of some analytes, particularly lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase, were significant different from adult and pediatric groups.Conclusions: RIs of 26 common biochemical analytes are established for term neonates aged 0 to 3 days in northeast China. Additionally, it is suggested that age-related changes should be valued in the clinical decision-making process for newborns.
Effects of Intra-Articular D-Amino Acids Combined With Systemic Vancomycin on an Experimental Staphylococcus Aureus-Induced Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Li Yicheng , Wuermanbieke Shalitanati , Ren Jiangdong , Mu Wenbo , Ma Hairong , Qi Fei , Sun Xiaoyue , Liu Yang , Amat Abdusami , Zhang Xiaogang , Cao Li 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after joint arthroplasty remains a devastating complication in which the formation of a bacterial biofilm is the major cause of treatment failure. The D-isoforms of amino acids (D-AAs) exhibit anti-biofilm potential against a diverse range of bacterial species in vitro, while its role in vivo remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a combination of D-AAs and vancomycin on a PJI rat model. Eight-week-old male SD rats were randomized to the control group, sham group, vancomycin group, D-AAs-vancomycin group. After treatment for 6 weeks, the group treated with a D-AAs-vancomycin combination sustained normal weight gain and exhibited reduced the serum levels of α2M, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and PGE2. Moreover, treated with D-AAs in combination with vancomycin improved the weight-bearing activity performance, increased the sizes and widths of distal femurs, and improved Rissing scale scoring. In particular, treatment using D-AAs enhanced the ability of vancomycin to eradicate Staphylococcus aureus, as demonstrated by the dispersion of existing biofilms and the inhibition of biofilm formation that occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. This treatment combination also resulted in a reduction in bacterial burden with in the soft tissues, bones, and implants. Furthermore, D-AAs-vancomycin combination treatment attenuated abnormal bone remodelling around the implant, as evidenced by an observed increase in MBD, BV/TV, and Tb.Th and the presence of reduced Trap+ osteoclasts and elevated osterix+ osteo-progenitors. In conclusion, combining D-AAs with vancomycin provides an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PJI by promoting biofilm dispersion to enhance antimicrobial activity.
Magnetic Particle Imaging Using Moving Halbach Cuboid and Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection
Authors: Jeong Jaechan , Kim Jinsun , Seo Beomsu , Krause Hans , Hong Hyobong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present a magnetic particle imaging (MPI) device using a Halbach cuboid magnet and frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD) technology. A Field Free Line was formed in the center of a two-piece Halbach cuboid. Then, the cuboid was moved in the sample volume in a T-shaped and circular shape. The sample was exposed to a magnetic excitation field of two different frequencies. Due to the nonlinearity of the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), harmonic frequencies and intermodulation products of the excitation frequencies are generated. This characteristic response signal from the particles was acquired by a coil system and demodulated by a FMMD electronics. Images were created by a backprojection method based on Radon and inverse Radon transformation. Using the Halbach cuboid, we were able to generate a stronger magnetic field compared to the previously reported equipment using large permanent magnets.. The results of the experiment showed that the combination of the Halbach cuboid and FMMD can acquire images similar to those of other existing MPI systems, suggesting that it is a method that has advantages in manufacturing and operation of MPI.
Effects of Different Thermal Insulation Methods on Nasopharyngeal Temperature in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yang Guanyu , Zhu Zefei , Zheng Hongyu , He Shifeng , Zhang Wanyue , Sun Zhentao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the thermal insulation effect of incubator and infusion thermometer in laparoscopic hysterectomy.Methods: 75 patients were enrolled and were assigned randomly to three groups: group A used warming blanket, group B used warming blanket and infusion thermometer, group C used warming blanket and incubator. The primary outcome was nasopharyngeal temperature at different time points during the operation.Results: The nasopharyngeal temperature of the infusion heating group was significantly higher than that of the incubator group 60min at the beginning of surgery(T3):36.10±0.20 vs 35.81±0.20(P＜0.001)；90min at the beginning of surgery(T4):36.35±0.20 vs 35.85±0.17(P＜0.001),and the incubator group was significantly higher than that of the control group 60min at the beginning of surgery(T3):35.81±0.20 vs 35.62±0.18(P＜0.001);90min at the beginning of surgery(T4):35.85±0.17 vs 35.60±0.17(P＜0.001).The wake-up time of the control group was significantly higher than that of the infusion heating group: 23.88±3.86 vs 20.56±3.80(P=0.004), and the incubator group:23.88±3.86 vs 21.52±4.02(P=0.035).Conclusion: Warming blanket (38°C) combined infusion thermometer (37°C) provides better perioperative thermal insulation, and in hospitals without infusion thermometer, an incubator can be used as a substitute.Trial registration: This trial was registered with http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx,ChiCTR2000039162,20 October 2020.