bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of hypoxia on the behavior and physiology of kelp forest fishes
Authors: Mattiasen Evan G. , Kashef Neosha S , Stafford David M. , Logan Cheryl A. , Sogard Susan M. , Bjorkstedt Eric P. , Hamilton Scott L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractForecasts from climate models and oceanographic observations indicate increasing deoxygenation in the global oceans and an elevated frequency and intensity of hypoxic events in the coastal zone, which have the potential to affect marine biodiversity and fisheries. Exposure to low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions may have deleterious effects on early life stages in fishes. This study aims to identify thresholds to hypoxia while testing behavioral and physiological responses of two congeneric species of kelp forest fish to four DO levels, ranging from normoxic to hypoxic (8.7, 6.0, 4.1, and 2.2 mg O2/L). Behavioral tests identified changes in exploratory behavior and turning bias (lateralization), whereas physiological tests focused on determining changes in hypoxia tolerance (pCrit), ventilation rates, and metabolic rates, with impacts on the resulting capacity for aerobic activity. Our findings indicated that copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus) and blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus) express sensitivity to hypoxia; however, the strength of the response differed between species. Copper rockfish exhibited reduced absolute lateralization and increased escape time at the lowest DO levels, whereas behavioral metrics for blue rockfish did not vary with oxygen level. Both species exhibited decreases in aerobic scope (as a function of reduced maximum metabolic rate) and increases in ventilation rates to compensate for decreasing oxygen levels. Blue rockfish had a lower pCrit and stronger acclimation response compared to copper rockfish. The differences expressed by each species suggest that acclimatization to changing ocean conditions may vary, even among related species that recruit to the same kelp forest habitat, leading to winners and losers under future ocean conditions. Exposure to hypoxia can decrease individual physiological fitness through metabolic and aerobic depression and changes to anti‐predator behavior, with implications for the outcome of ecological interactions and the management of fish stocks in the face of climate change.
Dental hygiene graduates’ educational preparedness: Self‐confidence ratings of the CDHA baccalaureate competencies
Authors: Sunell Susanne , Laronde Denise M. , Kanji Zul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeIn 2015, the Canadian Dental Hygienists Association (CDHA) published the first Canadian Competencies for Baccalaureate Dental Hygiene Programs (CCBDHP). To date, there is little evidence to support that baccalaureate graduates have gained these abilities. The purpose of the study was to investigate the confidence levels of baccalaureate graduates in their ability to demonstrate the CCBDHP.MethodsAn online, anonymous study was conducted with the 2013‐2016 graduates of the University of British Columbia to rate their confidence level in the 13 competency domains and associated 110 sub‐competencies of the CCBDHP based on a 5‐point scale ranging fromnot confidenttoconfident.ResultsThirty of the 84 graduates responded to the survey for a 36% response rate. Themostly confidentandconfidentscores were added to determine the number of sub‐competencies within each domain in which 75% to 100% of respondents identified such confidence. The competency domains in which graduates expressed the highest confidence included Collaboration (100%), Communication (100%), Clinical Therapy (100%), Disease Prevention (100%), Oral Health Education (90%), Professionalism (90%), Research Use (90%) and Leadership (90%). They expressed the least confidence in the competency domains of Health Promotion (50%), Advocacy (22%) and Policy Use (0%).ConclusionThese data provided the UBC faculty with important insights into the educational preparedness of baccalaureate graduates. The findings are also relevant for other Canadian programmes and contribute to a larger national dialogue about the CCBDHP and the transition of graduates into practice.
Fabrication of high‐purity HfSi2 powder via molten salt‐assisted magnesium thermal reduction
Authors: Du Bin , He Chao , Qian Junjie , Hu Ping , Wang Xuan , Cai Mei , Shui Anze 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, high‐purity HfSi2 powders were successfully fabricated via a molten salt‐assisted magnesium thermal reduction method using HfO2 and Si as raw materials. The effects of reaction temperature and time on the formation of HfSi2 were systemically investigated. The morphological and phase composition of as‐prepared HfSi2 powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and nitrogen/oxygen determinator. The results indicated that as‐obtained HfSi2 powders possess the orthorhombic structure with approximately 6.4 μm in size and the oxygen content as low as 0.20%. This work can provide a novel route to fabricate the high‐purity transition metal silicides powders.
Burden of respiratory viral infection in persons with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Sellers Subhashini A. , Dover Kenton L. , Bailey Aubrey G. , Cheves Avery , Eason Anthony B. , Popowitch Elena B. , Miller Melissa B. , Wohl David A. , Dittmer Dirk P. , Fischer William A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the prevalence of respiratory viral infections (RVI) in persons living with HIV (PLH) admitted with a respiratory complaint using real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and primer‐independent next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Of 82 subjects, respiratory viruses were the most common pathogen identified in 27 (33%), followed by fungus and bacteria in 8 (10%) and 4 (5%) subjects, respectively. Among subjects with RVI, 11 (41%) required ICU admission and 16 (59%) required mechanical ventilation. The proportion of respiratory viruses identified, and the associated complicated hospital course highlights the significant role that RVIs play in the lung health of PLH.
The effect of regulatory focus and time preference on the dual process of physical activity: A cross‐sectional study among nurses
Authors: Avraham Rinat , Simon‐Tuval Tzahit , Van Dijk Dina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine the dual process of physical activity adoption among nurses and its relationships with two personal orientations—regulatory focus—the tendency to focus on promotion (vs. prevention) goals and time preference as measured by delay discounting: the tendency to overvalue immediate rewards over long‐term ones.BackgroundThe dual process theory suggests that both conscious and non‐conscious processes influence the adoption of physical activity. However, the role of regulatory focus and time preference in this process was not yet examined.DesignA cross‐sectional online survey among 143 nurses during August–November 2017.MethodsValidated measures were used to estimate physical activity habit strength (a non‐conscious process) and intention, planning and behaviour control (conscious processes), physical activity level, regulatory focus and time preference. Multivariable ordered logit and logistic models were specified to examine determinants of both processes.ResultsPromotion focus was positively associated with having a strong habit of physical activity among nurses with moderate‐to‐low activity levels, but it was negatively associated with habit for active nurses. As for time preference, higher delay discounting was negatively associated with nurses' conscious intention to adopt physical activity and with their action planning.ConclusionPromotion focus and time preference are associated with both conscious and non‐conscious processes of physical activity adoption among nurses and should be considered in future health promotion interventions targeted to this population.ImpactPromotion focus and time preference have a significant role in this dual process. Enhancing physical activity of health providers by adjusting the intervention to personal orientations may improve public health.
Unattended automated office blood pressure measurement: Time efficiency and barriers to implementation/utilization
Authors: Doane John , Flynn Michael , Archibald Marcus , Ramirez Dominick , Conroy Molly B. , Stults Barry 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnattended automated office blood pressure (BP) measurement (u‐AOBP) improves office BP measurement accuracy and reduces white‐coat BP elevation, but there are reservations about its time efficiency in primary care. We used time‐stamp methodology to measure u‐AOBP procedure times performed without a rest period in 130 patients during routine clinic visits to three primary care clinics with 2.5‐4.9 years u‐AOBP experience. We documented the clinical activities of 30 medical assistants during the u‐AOBP procedures. We also assessed MA and clinician satisfaction and knowledge about u‐AOBP performance and interpretation. Median u‐AOBP procedure time was <5 minutes, and MAs engaged in productive clinical activities during 83% of the procedures. Ninety‐three percent of MAs and 100% of clinicians in the clinics agreed that u‐AOBP is an efficient method to improve hypertension management. Barriers to effective u‐AOBP implementation and ongoing utilization included initial difficulty incorporating u‐AOBP into clinic workflow and medical staff knowledge deficiencies concerning correct u‐AOBP performance and interpretation despite prior training and experience with the procedure. Intensive u‐AOBP education and training programs are needed to facilitate effective u‐AOBP implementation into primary care. The time required to perform u‐AOBP can be utilized productively by staff.
Development of a novel dual priming oligonucleotide system‐based PCR assay for specific detection of Salmonella from food samples
Authors: Li Dan‐Dan , Hao Chun‐Bo , Liu Zhong‐Mei , Wang Sui‐Jia , Wang Yu , Chao Zhe , Gao Shen‐Yang , Chen Si 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, a novel dual priming oligonucleotide (DPO) system‐based polymerase chain reaction (PCR; DPO system‐based PCR) assay, which detected the fimY gene of Salmonella, was developed for the fast food testing. The DPO system‐based PCR assay allowed a wide range of annealing temperatures at 48–68°C to efficiently amplify fimY gene with an analytical detection limit of 1.2 × 102 CFU/ml for Salmonella in pure cultures and artificially contaminated food matrix. Significantly, the presence of a bubble‐like polydeoxyinosine (polyI) linker in the DPO system brought an unparalleled high specificity in the identification of target bacteria, and consequently, the false positives and mismatches of PCR process can be eliminated in priming. Applying the DPO system‐based PCR assay to 285 collected food samples revealed that 29 samples were positive in this assay, in accordance with the results of conventional culture‐based method, indicating a potential diagnostic capability. The high specificity of the DPO system‐based PCR indicates its great potential to be a quick, reliable and practical method for the detection of Salmonella in foods.
Usual intake of meat in Australians: secondary analysis of the 2011–12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey using the NCI method
Authors: Birrell C. L. , Neale E. P. , Probst Y. C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionGlobal public health recommendations advise limiting the intake of red and processed meats. There is a need for more comprehensive information on meat consumption in Australia, specifically usual intake of meat from a nationally representative sample. The aim of this study was to use the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method to examine usual meat intakes in the 2011–12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS).MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of the cross‐sectional 2011–12 NNPAS, which contains observations for 12 153 respondents (9341 adults and 2812 children/adolescents). Usual consumption of all meat, red and processed meats was calculated using the NCI method. Consumption of meat was explored by age and gender groups, as well as by household type.ResultsAmongst adults and children/adolescents, consumption of all meat was significantly higher in males (adults: 187.1 g day−1; children/adolescents: 125.0 g day−1) than females (adults: 125.5 g day−1; children/adolescents: 95.4 g day−1). Similar patterns were observed for red (males: adults 85.5 g day−1, children/adolescents 42.9 g day−1; females: adults 57.1 g day−1, children/adolescents 34.9 g day−1) and processed meat, although intakes of processed meats in children and adolescents (males: 26.5 g day−1; females: 16.8 g day−1) were found to be similar to those of adults aged ≥19 years (males: 28.3 g day−1; females: 15.3 g day−1). Patterns of meat consumption across household types appeared to differ between genders.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that Australians are likely to be exceeding population recommendations for meat intakes, with differing patterns observed across gender and household types. These findings highlight a need for targeted dietetic and population strategies aimed at promoting a healthy consumption of meats within the Australian population.
Effects of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extracts on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and intestinal function in weaned piglets
Authors: Ding Haoxuan , Cao Aizhi , Li Haiyun , Zhao Yang , Feng Jie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEucommia ulmoides is traditional Chinese medicine, and it possesses several potential bioactivities, such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and immune regulatory activities. This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary Eucommia ulmoides leaf extracts (ELE) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and intestinal function of weaned piglets. Two hundred crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) piglets with an average initial weight of 12.96 ± 0.28 kg were randomly allotted to five treatments: C0 (basal diet), C1 (basal diet + antibiotics) and basal diet supplemented with increasing levels of ELE (0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 g/kg of feed). The results showed that ELE or antibiotics supplementation remarkably decreased diarrhoea rate and 0.3 g/kg ELE increased average daily gain compared with C0 (p < .05). 0.3 g/kg ELE increased alkaline phosphatase (AKP) levels and total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) in serum and liver, as well as increased the content of serum albumin and total protein (TP) compared with the C0 (p < .05). The lipase activity of duodenum content and trypsin activity of jejunum content were improved fed diets containing 0.3 g/kg ELE compared with C0 (p < .05). The 0.3 g/kg ELE treatments have a higher villus height of the duodenum and jejunum compared with the C0 (p < .05). These results suggested that ELE supplementation had beneficial effects on antioxidant and intestinal function in weaned piglets, which also could increase growth performance and decreased diarrhoea rate. Accordingly, ELE is a potential alternative to antibiotics.
“Command these elements to silence”: Ecocriticism andThe Tempest
Authors: Gray David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs part of the response in the humanities to rising concerns of the human influence on the Earth system, ecocriticism – an interdisciplinary approach to the study of literature focused on ecological and environmental concerns – became a major trend in literary and cultural studies by the first decade of the twenty‐first century. This period also witnessed an increase in ecocritical studies of Shakespeare's works, which have continued to proliferate. It is timely therefore to consider those individual works that have interested ecocritics and featured in ecocritical studies. This article will provide just such a consideration of Shakespeare's final play,The Tempest(1611), providing a critical review of the play's ecocritical studies thus far, and drawing attention to central ideas and common themes in the process. Finally, the article offers its own ecocritical analysis of the play, based on historical accounts of a catastrophic tidal event that took place in south‐west England, in 1607.
Peripheral mechanisms contribute to comorbid visceral hypersensitivity induced by preexisting orofacial pain and stress in female rats
Authors: Ji Yaping , Hu Bo , Klontz Charles , Li Jiyun , Dessem Dean , Dorsey Susan G. , Traub Richard J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundStress exacerbates many chronic pain syndromes including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Among these patient populations, many suffer from comorbid or chronic overlapping pain conditions and are predominantly female. Nevertheless, basic studies investigating chronic psychological stress‐induced changes in pain sensitivity have been mostly carried out in male rodents. Our laboratory developed a model of comorbid pain hypersensitivity (CPH) (stress in the presence of preexisting orofacial pain inducing chronic visceral pain hypersensitivity that significantly outlasts transient stress‐induced pain hypersensitivity (SIH)) facilitating the study of pain associated with IBS. Since CPH and SIH are phenotypically similar until SIH resolves and CPH persists, it is unclear if underlying mechanisms are similar.MethodsIn the present study, the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distention was recorded in the SIH and CPH models in intact females and ovariectomized rats plus estradiol replacement (OVx + E2). Over several months, rats were determined to be susceptible or resilient to stress and the role of peripheral corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF) underlying in the pain hypersensitivity was examined.Key ResultsStress alone induced transient (3‐4 weeks) visceral hypersensitivity, though some rats were resilient. Comorbid conditions increased susceptibility to stress prolonging hypersensitivity beyond 13 weeks. Both models had robust peripheral components; hypersensitivity was attenuated by the CRF receptor antagonist astressin and the mast cell stabilizer disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). However, DSCG was less effective in the CPH model compared to the SIH model.Conclusions and InferencesThe data indicate many similarities but some differences in mechanisms contributing to comorbid pain conditions compared to transient stress‐induced pain.
Auditory steady‐state response at 20 Hz and 40 Hz in young typically developing children and children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Ono Yasuki , Kudoh Kiwamu , Ikeda Takashi , Takahashi Tetsuya , Yoshimura Yuko , Minabe Yoshio , Kikuchi Mitsuru 
Published: March 2020

AimThe early detection of autistic tendencies in children is essential for providing proper care and education. The auditory steady‐state response (ASSR) provides a passive, non‐invasive technique for assessing neural synchrony at specific response frequencies in many mental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but few studies have investigated its use in young children. This study investigated the ASSR at 20 Hz and 40 Hz in typically developing (TD) children and children with ASD aged 5–7 years.MethodsThe participants were 23 children with ASD and 32 TD children aged 5–7 years. Using a custom‐made magnetoencephalography device, we measured ASSR at 20 Hz and 40 Hz, compared the results between groups, and evaluated the association with intellectual function as measured by Kaufmann Assessment Battery for Children.ResultsResponses to 20 Hz and 40 Hz were clearly detected in both groups with no significant difference identified. Consistent with previous findings, right dominance of the 40‐Hz ASSR was observed in both groups. In the TD children, the right‐side 40‐Hz ASSR was correlated with age. The Kaufmann Assessment Battery for Children score was correlated with the left‐side 40‐Hz ASSR in both groups.ConclusionRight‐dominant ASSR was successfully detected in young TD children and children with ASD. No difference in ASSR was observed between the children with ASD and the TD children, although the right‐side 40‐Hz ASSR increased with age only in the TD children. Left‐side 40‐Hz ASSR was associated with intelligence score in both groups.
A simple, refined approach to diagnosing renovascular hypertension in children: A 10‐year study
Authors: Saida Ken , Kamei Koichi , Hamada Riku , Yoshikawa Takahisa , Kano Yuji , Nagata Hiroko , Sato Mai , Ogura Masao , Harada Ryoko , Hataya Hiroshi , Miyazaki Osamu , Nosaka Shunsuke , Ito Shuichi , Ishikura Kenji 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite advances in non‐invasive vascular imaging, detection of renal artery stenosis via catheter angiography is the criterion standard for the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension (RVH). However, because of lack of evidence, the utility of various blood tests and imaging modalities remains unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the utility of blood tests (plasma renin activity [PRA], aldosterone, and renal vein renin [RVR] values) and imaging studies (computed tomography angiography [CTA], kidney ultrasonography [US]) by comparing them with catheter angiography. Ten pediatric patients with RVH at two institutions from January 2008 to December 2017 were recruited. The sensitivities for diagnosing RVH via imaging and blood tests (kidney [US], PRA, and aldosterone) were derived by examining patient records. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of CT angiography were calculated by considering both the affected and non‐affected renal arteries of the patients.ResultsA high sensitivity for diagnosing RVH via kidney US (89%) and PRA (80%) was observed. The sensitivity and specificity of CTA were 100%, each. RVR sampling did not aid in the diagnosis of RVH; only two of six patients with unilateral RVH showed significant laterality of RVR boundary ratios. Renal scintigraphy facilitated detection of a non‐functional kidney (split renal function <5%).ConclusionsRVH in children could be diagnosed utilizing non‐invasive blood and imaging tests, without catheter angiography. We recommend kidney length measurement along with measurement of PRA level, as a simple and highly useful screening test, followed by CTA as a diagnostic test.
Exchangeable Random Measures for Sparse and Modular Graphs with Overlapping Communities
Authors: Todeschini Adrien , Miscouridou Xenia , Caron François 
Published: March 2020

SummaryWe propose a novel statistical model for sparse networks with overlapping community structure. The model is based on representing the graph as an exchangeable point process and naturally generalizes existing probabilistic models with overlapping block structure to the sparse regime. Our construction builds on vectors of completely random measures and has interpretable parameters, each node being assigned a vector representing its levels of affiliation to some latent communities. We develop methods for efficient simulation of this class of random graphs and for scalable posterior inference. We show that the approach proposed can recover interpretable structure of real world networks and can handle graphs with thousands of nodes and tens of thousands of edges.