bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sicherheitsverantwortung zwischen Staat und Markt – eine institutionenökonomische Analyse
Authors: Bretschneider Wolfgang , Freytag Andreas , Rieckmann Johannes P. , Stuchtey Tim H. 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
In der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung wird weithin davon ausgegangen, dass der Staat für die Sicherheit zuständig ist. In der Praxis aber beobachtet man eine Kombination aus staatlicher und privater Sicherheitsverantwortung. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird aus institutionenökonomischer Perspektive eine normative Begründung für die Verantwortungszuweisung zwischen drei Akteursgruppen vorgestellt: dem Staat, den private Haushalten bzw. Unternehmen sowie den privaten Sicherheitsdienstleistern. Konzeptionelle Grundlage ist dabei die bekannte Unterscheidung von Bereitstellung und Herstellung vor dem Hintergrund der Annahme, dass die Debatte um die „Privatisierung von Sicherheit“ nur mit Hilfe dieser Unterscheidung sachlich geführt werden kann. Zudem wird in dem Beitrag das Problem der Repressivität als Besonderheit von Schutzleistungen mehr Aufmerksamkeit zuteil, als es bislang in der sicherheitsökonomischen Literatur der Fall ist.
Eigenplagiate aus ökonomischer Sicht
Authors: Emrich Eike , Follert Florian 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff des Plagiats ist spätestens seit der Causa zu Guttenberg einer breiten Bevölkerung bekannt. Auch in der Wissenschaft mehren sich Fälle von Plagiaten sowie von Eigenplagiaten. Für letztere stellt sich die Frage nach der Beurteilung aus der Perspektive der Institutionenökonomik im Allgemeinen und der Theorie des Urheberrechts und der Verfügungsrechte im Besonderen. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert aus dieser Perspektive, warum Wissenschaftler Eigenplagiate begehen und welche Effekte damit verbunden sind. Damit wird versucht, einen Beitrag zur Versachlichung der Diskussion zu liefern.
Soziale Marktwirtschaft im Grundgesetz? Eine gefährliche Verlockung
Authors: Voigt Stefan 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird der Vorschlag, die soziale Marktwirtschaft im Grundgesetz zu verankern kritisch diskutiert. Nachdem kurz an die zentralen Funktionen von Verfassungen erinnert wird, werden drei Fragen diskutiert: (1) Kann die Aufnahme der sozialen Marktwirtschaft in das Grundgesetz zu einer wirksamen Beschränkung der relevanten Verfassungsakteure führen? (2) Inwieweit würde ein zusätzlicher Verfassungsartikel zu einer zusätzlichen Handlungsbeschränkung der relevanten Akteure führen? (3) Würde ein solcher Artikel dazu beitragen, die zentrale Funktion von Verfassungen besser zu erfüllen? Alle drei Fragen werden mit nein beantwortet und der Vorschlag wird somit abgelehnt.
Highly efficient separation of ruthenium from alkaline radioactive feeds using an anion exchange resin
Authors: Verma Parveen Kumar , Mohapatra Prasanta Kumar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Ruthenium recovery from the alkaline media was attempted using solid phase extraction. UV-Vis and X-ray absorption studies were performed to understand the ruthenium speciation under different conditions relevant to its extraction from alkaline medium. Since Ru forms anionic complex in the alkaline solution, an anion exchange resin (Dowex 1x8) was selected for its recovery from alkaline media. The precipitation of black RuO2 at the resin surface hinders its back exaction. Experimental conditions were optimized for the quantitative uptake of Ru from alkaline feed and its subsequent back extraction by a series of batch studies. About 90 % of the Ruthenium was back extracted from the resin using alkaline hypochlorite solution and nitric acid solution at different stages in the Ru back extraction cycle. The column studies were done under the optimized condition and showed ~80 % Ru recovery with 5 mL of the eluent (8 M HNO3) and ~90 % recovery in 10 mL including the tailing. The mechanism for the ruthenium extraction from alkaline medium and its back extraction from the resin was proposed.
Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration – An underdeveloped diplomatic tool in Yemen
Authors: Jachnik Clive Vincent 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) is the process of removing weapons from members of armed groups, detaching those ex-combatants from their groups and helping them to safely return to normal society. DDR has great potential to deliver significant peace benefits to communities undergoing conflict. As it has evolved, UN DDR has broadened in scope and now has the committed aim of ensuring linkages with political processes as one of its strategic priorities. With regard to the situation in Yemen, however, the earliest UN Yemen DDR advisory forums singularly misunderstood the breadth of UN DDR and indeed advocated for a halt to any DDR initiatives taking place in Yemen prior to the signing of a peace accord. In addition, there was a lack of sensitization of other UN agencies or key stakeholders to the possibilities of Pre-DDR, PDR or CVR. This has therefore led to the near absent or inadequate planning by the UN for both DDR and related stabilization efforts in Yemen. This is seemingly a missed opportunity and at odds with bringing the benefits of DDR to the people of Yemen as the UN has in other countries experiencing protracted conflict.
Transreligiosität im Kontext von Spiritual Care
Authors: Maidl Lydia 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungReligiöse und spirituelle Identität bildet sich heute in vielschichtiger Weise, immer weniger durch eine ausschließliche Sozialisation in einem einzigen religiösen oder konfessionellen Bezugssystem. Die Begegnung mit Menschen unterschiedlicher Religionen aufgrund von Migration und Globalisierung und in einer pluralen Gesellschaft hat Rückwirkung auf das eigene Selbstverständnis. In der Gesundheitsversorgung ist das Thema kultur- und religionssensibler Pflege schon lange etabliert. Gefragt wird dabei nach den Voraussetzungen bei den Pflegenden, um Patient/-innen angemessen begleiten zu können, wenig kommt in den Blick, welche Rückwirkungen dies für die Pflegenden selbst und für alle in der Gesundheitsversorgung Tätigen in ihrem religiösen/spirituellen Selbstverständnis hat. Der vorliegende Beitrag will Impulse geben, indem er den Begriff „transreligiös“ aus der aktuellen Diskussion aufgreift und in Verbindung setzt zum Breitbandbegriff „spirituell“ von Spiritual Care. Die Diskussionen um Räume für Religion(en) und Spiritualität in Krankenhäusern und deren Gestaltung werden gezeigt als aktuelles Laboratorium für Prozesse und Ausdrucksformen des Inter- und Transreligiösen in unserer postsäkularen Gesellschaft. Die transreligiöse Perspektive bringt sowohl eine Schärfung des Containerbegriffs „Spiritualität“ als auch Impulse für Spezifika von Spiritual Care.
Alpine ice and the annual political economy of the Angevin Empire, from the death of Thomas Becket to Magna Carta,c. AD 1170–1216
Authors: Loveluck Christopher P. , More Alexander F. , Spaulding Nicole E. , Clifford Heather , Handley Michael J. , Hartman Laura , Korotkikh Elena V. , Kurbatov Andrei V. , Mayewski Paul A. , Sneed Sharon B. , McCormick Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Reward-Based Improvements in Motor Control Are Driven by Multiple Error-Reducing Mechanisms
Authors: Codol Olivier , Holland Peter J. , Manohar Sanjay G. , Galea Joseph M. 
Published: March 2020

Reward has a remarkable ability to invigorate motor behavior, enabling individuals to select and execute actions with greater precision and speed. However, if reward is to be exploited in applied settings, such as rehabilitation, a thorough understanding of its underlying mechanisms is required. In a series of experiments, we first demonstrate that reward simultaneously improves the selection and execution components of a reaching movement. Specifically, reward promoted the selection of the correct action in the presence of distractors, while also improving execution through increased speed and maintenance of accuracy. These results led to a shift in the speed-accuracy functions for both selection and execution. In addition, punishment had a similar impact on action selection and execution, although it enhanced execution performance across all trials within a block, that is, its impact was noncontingent to trial value. Although the reward-driven enhancement of movement execution has been proposed to occur through enhanced feedback control, an untested possibility is that it is also driven by increased arm stiffness, an energy-consuming process that enhances limb stability. Computational analysis revealed that reward led to both an increase in feedback correction in the middle of the movement and a reduction in motor noise near the target. In line with our hypothesis, we provide novel evidence that this noise reduction is driven by a reward-dependent increase in arm stiffness. Therefore, reward drives multiple error-reduction mechanisms which enable individuals to invigorate motor performance without compromising accuracy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhile reward is well-known for enhancing motor performance, how the nervous system generates these improvements is unclear. Despite recent work indicating that reward leads to enhanced feedback control, an untested possibility is that it also increases arm stiffness. We demonstrate that reward simultaneously improves the selection and execution components of a reaching movement. Furthermore, we show that punishment has a similar positive impact on performance. Importantly, by combining computational and biomechanical approaches, we show that reward leads to both improved feedback correction and an increase in stiffness. Therefore, reward drives multiple error-reduction mechanisms which enable individuals to invigorate performance without compromising accuracy. This work suggests that stiffness control plays a vital, and underappreciated, role in the reward-based imporvemenets in motor control.
HAREKETLİ PROTEZ KULLANAN HASTALARIN PROTEZ HİJYEN ALIŞKANLIKLARI VE BU HASTALARDAKİ PROTEZ STOMATİTİ GÖRÜLME SIKLIĞI
Authors: ZOR Zeynep Fatma , YILDIRIM BİÇER Arzu Zeynep , PEKER İlkay 
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, hareketli protez kullanan hastaların protez hijyen alışkanlıkları ve bu hastalardaki protez stomatiti görülme sıklığını değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya hareketli protez kullanan 301 hasta dahil edildi. Katılımcıların sosyo-demografik özellikleri, protez hijyen alışkanlıkları ve klinik muayene bulgularını içeren ve toplam 24 maddeden oluşan standardize formlar hazırlandı. Formlar, bir prostodonti uzmanı tarafından, karşılıklı konuşma ile dolduruldu. Elde edilen veriler, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, t-testi, Fisher’ın kesin testi ve ki-kare testi kullanılarak istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi.Bulgular: Çalışmada 39 ile 93 yaşları arasındaki (yaş ortalaması ± standart sapma; 62.4±10.2) 154 kadın (%51.2) ve 147 erkek (%48.8) hastanın protez hijyen alışkanlıkları ve bu hastalardaki protez stomatiti görülme sıklığı değerlendirildi. Katılımcıların eğitim seviyeleri ile; protezlerindeki diş taşı varlığı, gece protezlerini çıkarma alışkanlıkları ve protez stomatiti görülme sıklığı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulundu (p&lt;0.05). Katılımcıların gelir seviyeleri ile; protezlerindeki diş taşı varlığı ve protez stomatiti görülme sıklığı arasında anlamlı ilişki bulundu (p&lt;0.05). Diş hekimleri tarafından protez hijyen alışkanlıkları hakkında bilgilendirildiğini ifade eden katılımcıların protezlerinde, bilgilendirilmeyenlerden daha az oranda plak/diş taşı olduğu gözlendi. Protez kullanım süresi arttıkça protezlerdeki plak/diş taşı varlığı ve protez stomatiti görülme sıklığının arttığı belirlendi. Sonuçlar:Çalışmanın sonuçları, hareketli protez kullanan hastaların protezlerini temizlemek için çoğunlukla diş fırçası kullandığını ve protez stomatiti görülme sıklığının göreceli olarak yüksek olduğunu gösterdi. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ağız hijyeni, anket, diş protezi, protez stomatiti
Sotos Sendromu: Bir Vaka Sunumu
Authors: SENİRKENTLİ Güler Burcu , TİRALİ Resmiye Ebru , SAKARYALI Didem 
Published: March 2020

Sotos sendromu, çocukluk döneminde endokrin bir bozukluk olmaksızın, aşırı büyüme, makrosefali, kendine özgü yüz görünümü ve çeşitli derecelerde öğrenme güçlüğü ile karakterize genetik bir durumdur. Olguların çoğu sporadik olup, otozomal dominant kalıtım modeline uyan aileler bildirilmiştir. Sendromdan esas sorumlu olan gen nükleer reseptör bağlayıcı SET domain1 (NSD1) proteinini kodlar. Nadir görülen bu sendrom ilk olarak 1964 yılında, ılımlı mental retardasyonu bulunan beş vakada Sotos ve arkadaşları tarafından tanımlanmıştır. Yüksek alın saç çizgisi, makrosefali, frontal bossing, uzun ve ince yüz görünümü, fronto-temporal bölgede saç seyrekliği, aşağı çekik palpebral fissürler ve belirgin mandibula karakteristik yüz görünümünü oluşturur ve ileri kemik yaşı ve değişik derecelerde mental gerilik diğer tanı kriterleridir. Bu olgu sunumununda yaygın diş çürüğü ve spesifik oral bulguları bulunan 6 yaşındaki sotos sendromlu vakanın dental açıdan yönetimi vurgulanmıştır.
Reconocimiento automático de patrones y características de las imágenes de los cultivos como alternativa para el desarrollo agrícola
Authors: Bedolla Solano Juan José , Pacheco Salazar Eleazar , Bedolla Solano Silvestre 
Published: March 2020

Este trabajo describe una metodología para identificar los patrones o características de los cultivos, mediante el empleo de los algoritmos de reconocimiento de la ingeniería del software. Este sistema procesa información referente al progreso de las plantas; para ello, se realizaron comparaciones de imágenes que fueron capturadas usando Vehículos Aéreos No Tripulados VANT/DRONES como uno de los recursos de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), y los objetos contenidos en una Base de Datos que contienen características normales y anormales de diversas plantas como el mango, el limón y la palmera de coco.
El procesamiento de datos a través de la aplicación automatizada generó resultados de identificación favorables mediante el reconocimiento automático de los cultivos, ya que se identificaron con el proceso de comparación las imágenes con características normales y anormales.
El proyecto beneficiará principalmente a los agricultores, pues se podrán identificar los riesgos de los sembradíos provocados por las plagas de insectos infecciosos que ingresan a los cultivos (mosquita blanca), además de otras probables anomalías como quemaduras (enfermedad de hoja seca), las cuales podrían obstaculizar el crecimiento óptimo de la planta. Con ello, se podrán tomar decisiones oportunas para atender los riesgos de los cultivos con el apoyo del sistema de reconocimiento.
El tratamiento de información referente al progreso de los sembradíos genera consigo una propuesta innovadora que incorpora las tecnologías con amplias posibilidades para el desarrollo agrícola en las costas de Guerrero, México.
Con la modernización y específicamente el uso de estos sistemas automáticos que administran y difunden la información, se podrán atender de manera oportuna los riesgos de la agricultura y evitar así pérdidas de la cosecha, generando impactos en el desarrollo social, económico y ambiental al atender de manera oportuna los riesgos o peligros presentados en el cultivo.
Chlorophyll a fluorescence as an indicator of water stress in Calophyllum brasiliense
Authors: REIS Lucas C. , P.Q. SCALON Silvana , DRESCH Daiane , FORESTI Andressa Caroline , SANTOS Cleberton C. , PEREIRA Zefa V. 
Published: March 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate chlorophyll a fluorescence as a stress indicator in Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess seedlings grown with different concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) under intermittent water deficit condition: daily irrigation without ABA (I); daily irrigation + 10 μM ABA (I 10); daily irrigation + 100 μM ABA (I 100); suspension of daily irrigation without ABA (SI); suspension of daily irrigation + 10 μM ABA (SI 10) and suspension of daily irrigation + 100 μM ABA (SI 100). The intermittent water deficit reduces water status and impairs the photochemical apparatus functioning and seedling quality. The fluorescence measurements helped identify the stress condition of water deficit in the cultivation of C. brasiliense and the beneficial effect of the application of 10 μM of ABA in minimizing stress and facilitating the recovery of seedlings after re-irrigation, while maintaining the integrity and function of the photosynthetic apparatus.
Physical Hypotheses for Adjusting Coarse Profiles and Improving 1D Site-Response Estimation Assessed at 10 KiK-net Sites
Authors: Kaklamanos James , Bradley Brendon A. , Moolacattu Aiswarya N. , Picard Bradley M. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
One-dimensional (1D) linear, equivalent-linear, and nonlinear site-response models have been shown to be biased toward underprediction at high frequencies in the aggregate, particularly at small-to-medium strains. Because this bias persists among various constitutive models, we hypothesize that breakdowns in the 1D site-response assumptions and/or poorly characterized soil properties are responsible for the consistent underpredictions. We test four physical hypotheses for this persistent bias using 398 ground motions at 10 selected sites in Japan’s Kiban–Kyoshin (KiK-net) database that are adequately modeled by 1D wave propagation. Specifically, we (1) apply a depth-dependent shear-wave velocity (VS) gradient within layers, (2) decrease the small-strain damping ratio by half, (3) increase the small-strain shear modulus by 10%, and (4) randomize the VS profile. We find that the application of a depth-dependent VS gradient and the reduction of the small-strain damping ratio most greatly reduce the high-frequency bias; that the randomized VS profiles sometimes improve predictions at the fundamental site frequency but often lead to greater underpredictions at high frequencies; and that the 10% adjustment of the small-strain shear modulus has a minimal effect. A significant finding of this study is that overly coarse VS profiles, which are inadequately sampled in depth, induce considerable underprediction bias in site-response models at high frequencies. With regard to 1D site-response model improvement, this study suggests that greater attention should be paid to the coarseness of VS profiles and excessive impedance contrasts, and that profile corrections using depth-dependent VS gradients may be warranted in some cases.
Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Design and the Effect of Specific Magnetic and Electrical Loading Coefficient
Authors: Yetgin Asım Gökhan , Turan Mustafa , Cevher Barış , Çanakoğlu Ali İhsan , Gün Ayhan 
Published: March 2020

3-phase induction motors are widely used in
industrial applications such as pumps, blowers, compressors, conveyors, etc. In
addition, single-phase motors also have domestic use. For this reason, the design of the induction
motor is of great importance. During the design, according to the parameters
given as input, there are many situations that are contradictory to each other
in order to achieve the goal. For example, if high efficiency is required, the
motor size and the price will increase, and if lower price is required, other
performance characteristics should be ignored. In the practical design of an
induction motor, the designer has to comply with a number of constraints
because of the large number of input variables. For this reason manual calculation
becomes a very long and difficult process. To overcome this tiresome process,
it is necessary to create a computer aided program or simulation model to
determine the induction motor design parameters. In induction motor design, many parameters
directly affect motor performance. Therefore, the selection of these parameters
is of great importance. The
C0 coefficient, which
takes place in the first steps of the design process, also has a great
influence on the motor design. In this paper,
a program for optimizing design of 3-phase induction motors written in MATLAB
is presented. The structure of the program is modular and therefore can be
modified for the various requirements of the induction motor design. C0 constant (output
coefficient), one of the design parameters, also varies with some other
parameters. The most important ones are the specific electrical loading
coefficient (A1) and the
specific magnetic loading coefficient (Bav),
making dramatic effect on the output coefficient. The effect of the variation
of the C0 constant on the
performance of the induction motor was investigated in the study. Stator inner
and outer diameter, stack length, stator and rotor slot parameters, equivalent
circuit parameters, losses and efficiency was obtained according to the change
of Bav and A1 values. The obtained
results are given and interpreted in tables and graphs.
Clinicopathological profile of rickettsial fever in tertiary healthcare centre: a prospective case study
Authors: K. Mallesh , Sabapathy Sarala , Patil Rashmi , Shetty Niharika 
Published: March 2020

Background: Rickettsia are obligate intracellular proteobacteria spread by eukaryotic vectors like ticks, mites, fleas and lice. Rickettsial infections are generally incapacitating and difficult to diagnose; Case fatality rates up to 45 percent is seen in cases with multiple organ dysfunction. The disease continues to be under diagnosed and treated. Objective of this study was to study the clinicopathological profile and outcome of children admitted with rickettsial fever. To study the correlation between Rathi-Goodman-Aghai score and Weil-Felix test. To study the response of rickettsial fever to Doxycycline. Methods: This study is a prospective observational study conducted from December 2017 to April 2019 at a tertiary health care center in South India, involving patients admitted between 2 months to 18 years of age with a diagnosis of Rickettsial fever. Clinical data and investigations were collected and analysed. The response to doxycycline was recorded. Results: Total of 49 patients were enrolled in the study. Most common age group affected was between 1 to 5 years accounting for 32.7% of the cases. 78% of the patients hailed from rural background. Most common presentation being fever, present in 100% of the cases. 81.6% of patients had significant Rathi-Goodman-Aghai score of >14. Weil felix showed significant titres (1:80) in 97.9% out of which serology suggestive of scrub typhus was found in 79.6% patients. There was no statistical significance between rickettsial score and Weil-Felix test (p value= 0.736). 26.5% of the cases required respiratory support and 2% cases required dialysis. 10.2% cases succumbed and 89.8% cases improved.Conclusions: Rickettsial infection is re-emerging with propensity for life threatening complications. There is no statistical significant correlation between Rickettsial score and Weil Felix test. Early treatment has better outcome.