bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abiotic and past climatic conditions drive protein abundance variation among natural populations of the caddisfly Crunoecia irrorata
Authors: Ebner Joshua Niklas , Ritz Danilo , von Fumetti Stefanie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeducing impacts of environmental change on species and the populations they form in nature is an important goal in contemporary ecology. Achieving this goal is hampered by our limited understanding of the influence of naturally occurring environmental variation on the molecular systems of ecologically relevant species, as the pathways underlying fitness-affecting plastic responses have primarily been studied in model organisms and under controlled laboratory conditions. Here, to test the hypothesis that proteome variation systematically relates to variation in abiotic conditions, we establish such relationships by profiling the proteomes of 24 natural populations of the spring-dwelling caddisflyCrunoecia irrorata. We identified protein networks whose abundances correlated with environmental (abiotic) gradients such as in situ pH, oxygen- and nitrate concentrations but also climatic data such as past thermal minima and temperature seasonality. Our analyses suggest that variations in abiotic conditions induce discrete proteome responses such as the differential abundance of proteins associated with cytoskeletal function, heat-shock proteins and proteins related to post-translational modification. Identifying these drivers of proteome divergence characterizes molecular “noise”, and positions it as a background against which molecular signatures of species’ adaptive responses to stressful conditions can be identified.
Drought stress triggers proteomic changes involving lignin, flavonoids and fatty acids in tea plants
Authors: Gu Honglian , Wang Yu , Xie Hui , Qiu Chen , Zhang Shuning , Xiao Jun , Li Hongyan , Chen Liang , Li Xinghui , Ding Zhaotang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDrought stress triggers a series of physiological and biochemical changes in tea plants. It is well known that flavonoids, lignin and long-chain fatty acids play important roles in drought resistance. However, changes in proteins related to these three metabolic pathways in tea plants under drought stress have not been reported. We analysed the proteomic profiles of tea plants by tandem mass tag and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 4789 proteins were identified, of which 11 and 100 showed up- and downregulation, respectively. The proteins related to the biosynthesis of lignin, flavonoids and long-chain fatty acids, including phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, peroxidase, chalcone synthase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, flavonol synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1,3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 6 and 3-ketoacyl-CoA reductase 1, were downregulated. However, the contents of soluble proteins, malondialdehyde, total phenols, lignin and flavonoids in the tea plants increased. These results showed that tea plants might improve drought resistance by inhibiting the accumulation of synthases related to lignin, flavonoids and long-chain fatty acids. The proteomic spectrum of tea plants provides a scientific basis for studying the pathways related to lignin, flavonoid and long-chain fatty acid metabolism in response to drought stress.
Nano-CT as tool for characterization of dental resin composites
Authors: Haugen Håvard J. , Qasim Saad B. , Matinlinna Jukka P. , Vallittu Pekka , Nogueira Liebert Parreiras 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTechnological advances have made it possible to examine dental resin composites using 3D nanometer resolution. This investigation aims to characterize existing dental nano-hybrid and micro-hybrid resin composites through comparing and contrasting nano-computed tomography (nano-CT) with micro-CT and high-resolution SEM images. Eight commercially available and widely used dental resin composites, 2 micro-hybrid and 6 nano-hybrid were researched. Cured samples were examined and characterized using nano-CT (resolution 450 nm) and compared with micro-CT images (resolution 2 µm). Acquired images were reconstructed and image analysis was carried out to determine porosity and pore morphology. A comprehensive comparison of scanning micrograph images unsurprisingly revealed that the nano-CT images displayed greater detail of the ultrastructure of cured dental resin composites. Filler particle diameters and its volumes were lower when measured using nano-CT, porosity being higher where analysed at higher resolution. There were large variations between the examined materials. Fewer voids were found in Tetric EvoCeram and IPS Empress Direct, the smallest pores being found in Universal XTE and Tetric EvoCeram. Nano-CT was successfully used to investigate the morphology of dental resin composites and showed that micro-CT gives a lower porosity and pore size but overestimates filler particle size. There were large discrepancies between the tested composites. Evidence of porosities and pores within a specimen is a critical finding and it might have a detrimental effect on a material’s clinical performance.
SUMO promotes longevity and maintains mitochondrial homeostasis during ageing in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Princz Andrea , Pelisch Federico , Tavernarakis Nektarios 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe insulin/IGF signalling pathway impacts lifespan across distant taxa, by controlling the activity of nodal transcription factors. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the transcription regulators DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf function to promote longevity under conditions of low insulin/IGF signalling and stress. The activity and subcellular localization of both DAF-16 and SKN-1 is further modulated by specific posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Here, we show that ageing elicits a marked increase of SUMO levels in C. elegans. In turn, SUMO fine-tunes DAF-16 and SKN-1 activity in specific C. elegans somatic tissues, to enhance stress resistance. SUMOylation of DAF-16 modulates mitochondrial homeostasis by interfering with mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy. Our findings reveal that SUMO is an important determinant of lifespan, and provide novel insight, relevant to the complexity of the signalling mechanisms that influence gene expression to govern organismal survival in metazoans.
Differential roles of uterine epithelial and stromal STAT3 coordinate uterine receptivity and embryo attachment
Authors: Hiraoka Takehiro , Hirota Yasushi , Fukui Yamato , Gebril Mona , Kaku Tetsuaki , Aikawa Shizu , Hirata Tomoyuki , Akaeda Shun , Matsuo Mitsunori , Haraguchi Hirofumi , Saito-Kanatani Mayuko , Shimizu-Hirota Ryoko , Takeda Norihiko , Yoshino Osamu , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough it has been reported that uterine signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is essential for embryo implantation, the exact roles of uterine epithelial and stromal STAT3 on embryo implantation have not been elucidated. To address this issue, we generatedStat3-floxed/Ltf-iCre(Stat3-eKO),Stat3-floxed/Amhr2-Cre(Stat3-sKO), andStat3-floxed/Pgr-Cre(Stat3-uKO) mice to deleteStat3in uterine epithelium, uterine stroma, and whole uterine layers, respectively. We found that both epithelial and stromal STAT3 have critical roles in embryo attachment because all theStat3-eKO andStat3-sKO female mice were infertile due to implantation failure without any embryo attachment sites.Stat3-eKO uteri showed indented structure of uterine lumen, indicating the role of epithelial STAT3 in slit-like lumen formation in the peri-implantation uterus.Stat3-sKO uteri exhibited hyper-estrogenic responses and persistent cell proliferation of the epithelium in the peri-implantation uterus, suggesting the role of stromal STAT3 in uterine receptivity. In addition,Stat3-uKO female mice possessed not only the characteristic of persistent epithelial proliferation but also that of indented structure of uterine lumen. These findings indicate that epithelial STAT3 controls the formation of slit-like structure in uterine lumen and stromal STAT3 suppresses epithelial estrogenic responses and cell proliferation. Thus, epithelial and stromal STAT3 cooperatively controls uterine receptivity and embryo attachment through their different pathways.
Survival curve identifies critical period for postoperative mortality in cardiac patients undergoing emergency general surgery
Authors: Martines Diego Ramos , Nii Fernanda , de Almeida Medeiros Kayo Augusto , Carvalho Bárbara Justo , Pipek Leonardo Zumerkorn , de Mesquita Gustavo Heluani Antunes , Iuamoto Leandro Ryuchi , Oliveira Gustavo B. F. , Bianco Antonio Carlos Mugayar , Meyer Alberto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe number of non-cardiac major surgeries carried out has significantly increased in recent years to around 200 million procedures carried out annually. Approximately 30% of patients submitted to non-cardiac surgery present some form of cardiovascular comorbidity. In emergency situations, with less surgery planning time and greater clinical severity, the risks become even more significant. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease submitted to non-cardiac surgical procedures in a single cardiovascular referral center. This is a prospective cohort study of patients with cardiovascular disease submitted to non-cardiovascular surgery. All procedures were carried out by the same surgeon, between January 2006 and January 2018. 240 patients included were elderly, 154 were male (64%), 8 patients presented two diagnoses. Of the resulting 248 procedures carried out, 230 were emergency (92.8%). From the data obtained it was possible to estimate the day from which the occurrence of mortality is less probable in the postoperative phase. Our research evaluated the epidemiological profile of the surgeries and we were able to estimate the survival and delimit the period of greatest risk of mortality in these patients. The high rate of acute mesenteric ischemia was notable, a serious and frequently fatal condition.
Molecular tests support the viability of rare earth elements as proxies for fossil biomolecule preservation
Authors: Ullmann Paul V. , Voegele Kristyn K. , Grandstaff David E. , Ash Richard D. , Zheng Wenxia , Schroeter Elena R. , Schweitzer Mary H. , Lacovara Kenneth J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe rare earth element (REE) composition of a fossil bone reflects its chemical alteration during diagenesis. Consequently, fossils presenting low REE concentrations and/or REE profiles indicative of simple diffusion, signifying minimal alteration, have been proposed as ideal candidates for paleomolecular investigation. We directly tested this prediction by conducting multiple biomolecular assays on a well-preserved fibula of the dinosaurEdmontosaurusfrom the Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation previously found to exhibit low REE concentrations and steeply-declining REE profiles. Gel electrophoresis identified the presence of organic material in this specimen, and subsequent immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays identified preservation of epitopes of the structural protein collagen I. Our results thereby support the utility of REE profiles as proxies for soft tissue and biomolecular preservation in fossil bones. Based on considerations of trace element taphonomy, we also draw predictions as to the biomolecular recovery potential of additional REE profile types exhibited by fossil bones.
Emplacement of screen-printed graphene oxide coating for building thermal comfort discernment
Authors: Roy Anurag , Ghosh Aritra , Benson David , Mallick Tapas K. , Sundaram Senthilarasu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study demonstrates the development of flexible graphene oxide coatings (GOCs) by the screen-printed technique and further its implementation as a thermal absorber for buildings’ thermal comfort purpose. The basic concept consists the integration of the GOC as a flat absorber on the top of a low iron glass or aluminium-based substrate (5 × 5 cm2) connecting through a phase change material channel in contact with direct sun exposure. The function of GOC as an outdoor cover of the prototype chamber is to maintain the high indoor temperature while the outdoor temperature is low. Using the GOC, it has been observed that the indoor temperature (at the substrate) of the prototype chamber always remains higher as compared to the outdoor temperature (at the GOC) as measured under 1 SUN 1.5 AM condition. The temperature difference between outdoor and indoor exterior surface significantly increases during the light exposure time, whereas the difference drastically approaches to zero during the cooling period. The variation of different crucial environmental factors such as high temperature, moisture, flexibility and water resistivity has been investigated on the developed GOCs to understand the stability of the coating further.
Evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of taurine in Alzheimer’s disease using functional molecular imaging
Authors: Oh Se Jong , Lee Hae-June , Jeong Ye Ji , Nam Kyung Rok , Kang Kyung Jun , Han Sang Jin , Lee Kyo Chul , Lee Yong Jin , Choi Jae Yong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia, but therapeutic treatment options are limited. Taurine has been reported to have neuroprotective properties against dementia, including AD. The present study aimed to investigate the treatment effect of taurine in AD mice by functional molecular imaging. To elucidate glutamate alterations by taurine, taurine was administered to 5xFAD transgenic mice from 2 months of age, known to apear amyloid deposition. Then, we performed glutamate positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies for three groups (wild-type, AD, and taurine-treated AD, n = 5 in each group). As a result, brain uptake in the taurine-treated AD group was 31–40% higher than that in the AD group (cortex: 40%,p < 0.05; striatum: 32%,p < 0.01; hippocampus: 36%,p < 0.01; thalamus: 31%,p > 0.05) and 3–14% lower than that in the WT group (cortex: 10%,p > 0.05; striatum: 15%,p > 0.05; hippocampus: 14%,p > 0.05; thalamus: 3%,p > 0.05). However, we did not observe differences in Aβ pathology between the taurine-treated AD and AD groups in immunohistochemistry experiments. Our results reveal that although taurine treatment did not completely recover the glutamate system, it significantly increased metabolic glutamate receptor type 5 brain uptake. Therefore, taurine has therapeutic potential against AD.
Upregulation of a marine fungal biosynthetic gene cluster by an endobacterial symbiont
Authors: Shao Mingwei , Sun Changli , Liu Xiaoxiao , Wang Xiaoxue , Li Wenli , Wei Xiaoyi , Li Qinglian , Ju Jianhua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFungal-bacterial associations are present in nature, playing important roles in ecological, evolutionary and medicinal processes. Here we report a fungus-bacterial symbiont from marine sediment. The bacterium lives inside the fungal mycelium yet is robust enough to survive independent of its host; the independently grown bacterium can infect the fungal host in vitro and continue to grow progenitively. The bacterial symbiont modulates the fungal host to biosynthesize a polyketide antimicrobial, spiromarmycin. Spiromarmycin appears to endow upon the symbiont pair a protective/defensive means of warding off competitor organisms, be they prokaryotic or eukaryotic microorganisms. Genomic analyses revealed the spiromarmycin biosynthetic machinery to be encoded, not by the bacterium, but rather the fungal host. This unique fungal-bacterial symbiotic relationship and the molecule/s resulting from it dramatically expand our knowledge of marine microbial diversity and shed important insights into endosymbionts and fungal-bacterial relationships.
A multi-ethnic meta-analysis identifies novel genes, including ACSL5, associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Nakamura Ryoichi , Misawa Kazuharu , Tohnai Genki , Nakatochi Masahiro , Furuhashi Sho , Atsuta Naoki , Hayashi Naoki , Yokoi Daichi , Watanabe Hazuki , Watanabe Hirohisa , Katsuno Masahisa , Izumi Yuishin , Kanai Kazuaki , Hattori Nobutaka , Morita Mitsuya , Taniguchi Akira , Kano Osamu , Oda Masaya , Shibuya Kazumoto , Kuwabara Satoshi , Suzuki Naoki , Aoki Masashi , Ohta Yasuyuki , Yamashita Toru , Abe Koji , Hashimoto Rina , Aiba Ikuko , Okamoto Koichi , Mizoguchi Kouichi , Hasegawa Kazuko , Okada Yohei , Ishihara Tomohiko , Onodera Osamu , Nakashima Kenji , Kaji Ryuji , Kamatani Yoichiro , Ikegawa Shiro , Momozawa Yukihide , Kubo Michiaki , Ishida Noriko , Minegishi Naoko , Nagasaki Masao , Sobue Gen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating progressive motor neuron disease that affects people of all ethnicities. Approximately 90% of ALS cases are sporadic and thought to have multifactorial pathogenesis. To understand the genetics of sporadic ALS, we conducted a genome-wide association study using 1,173 sporadic ALS cases and 8,925 controls in a Japanese population. A combined meta-analysis of our Japanese cohort with individuals of European ancestry revealed a significant association at the ACSL5 locus (top SNP p = 2.97 × 10−8). We validated the association with ACSL5 in a replication study with a Chinese population and an independent Japanese population (1941 ALS cases, 3821 controls; top SNP p = 1.82 × 10−4). In the combined meta-analysis, the intronic ACSL5 SNP rs3736947 showed the strongest association (p = 7.81 × 10−11). Using a gene-based analysis of the full multi-ethnic dataset, we uncovered additional genes significantly associated with ALS: ERGIC1, RAPGEF5, FNBP1, and ATXN3. These results advance our understanding of the genetic basis of sporadic ALS.
Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Croft Robyn L. , Byrd Courtney T. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter.

Method
Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter.

Results
Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life.

Conclusions
Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.
School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Perceived Self-Efficacy in Conducting Multidimensional Treatment With Children Who Stutter
Authors: Beita-Ell Carolina , Boyle Michael P. 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purposes of this study were to examine the self-efficacy of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in conducting multidimensional treatment with children who stutter (CWS) and to identify correlates of self-efficacy in treating speech-related, social, emotional, and cognitive domains of stuttering.MethodThree hundred twenty randomly selected school-based SLPs across the United States responded to an online survey that contained self-efficacy scales related to speech, social, emotional, and cognitive components of stuttering. These ratings were analyzed in relation to participants' beliefs about stuttering treatment and their comfort level in treating CWS, perceived success in therapy, and empathy levels, in addition to their academic and clinical training in fluency disorders as well as demographic information.ResultsOverall, SLPs reported moderate levels of self-efficacy on each self-efficacy scale and on a measure of total self-efficacy. Significant positive associations were observed between SLPs' self-efficacy perceptions and their comfort level in treating CWS, self-reported success in treatment, beliefs about the importance of multidimensional treatment, and self-reported empathy. There were some discrepancies between what SLPs believed was important to address in stuttering therapy and how they measured success in therapy.ConclusionsAmong school-based SLPs, self-efficacy for treating school-age CWS with a multidimensional approach appears stronger than previously reported; however, more progress in training and experience is needed for SLPs to feel highly self-efficacious in these areas. Continuing to improve clinician self-efficacy for stuttering treatment through improved academic training and increased clinical experiences should remain a high priority in order to enhance outcomes for CWS.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12978194
Optical Improved Quadrature Spatial Modulation for Cooperative Underwater Wireless Communication under Weak Oceanic Turbulence Conditions
Authors: Bhowal Anirban , Kshetrimayum Rakhesh Singh 
Published: September 2020

Amplify‐and‐forward cooperative underwater optical wireless communication employing optical improved quadrature spatial modulation (OIQSM) is proposed in this study. It uses multiple signal constellations, thereby improving the system performance. It uses multiple lasers but it activates only a few of them depending on the message bits and can transmit double modulated symbols in a single symbol interval. The OIQSM system performance is compared in terms of bit error rate (BER) with other existing schemes in the literature. The analysis is conducted for weak oceanic turbulence conditions, which is generally prevalent in deep oceans. The cost and power consumption analysis of OIQSM is performed to highlight its benefits over other schemes. It is observed that OIQSM yields a signal‐to‐noise ratio gain of at least 5.5 dB over the conventional optical spatial modulation scheme for any BER value between and .