bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Hydroxychloroquine Dosing and Toxicity Screening at a Tertiary Care Ambulatory Center: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Koppikar Sahil , Gottheil Stephanie , Farrer Chandra , Gakhal Natasha 
Published: April 2020

Objective.Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a commonly used weight-based medication with a risk of retinal toxicity when prescribed at doses above 5 mg/kg/day. The objectives of our study were (1) to characterize the frequency of inappropriate HCQ dosing and retinopathy screening, and (2) to improve guideline-based management by implementing quality improvement (QI) strategies.Methods.A retrospective chart review was performed to obtain baseline analysis of HCQ dosing, weight documentation, and retinal toxicity screening to characterize current practices. The primary aim was to increase the percentage of patients appropriately dosed from 30% to 90% over a 10-month period. The secondary aim was to increase the percentage of documented retinal screening from 59% to 90%. The process measure was the number of patients with a documented weight in the chart. The balancing measure was the physician’s perceived increase in time spent with each patient due to implemented interventions. QI methodology was used to implement sequential change ideas: (1) HCQ weight-based dosing charts to facilitate prescription regimens; (2) addition of scales to patient rooms to facilitate weight documentation; and (3) electronic medical record (EMR) “force function” involving weight documentation and autodosing prescription.Results.The percentage of patients being weighed increased from 40% to 92% after 10 months. Appropriate HCQ dosing improved from 30% to 89%. Retinal screening documentation improved by 33%.Conclusion.Dosing charts in clinic rooms, addition of weight scales, and EMR force function autodosing prescriptions significantly improved appropriate HCQ dosing practices. These interventions are generalizable and can promote safe and guideline-based care.
Sleep Deprivation in the Intensive Care Patient
Authors: Grimm Jessica 
Published: April 2020

Topic
Sleep deprivation in the intensive care unit setting.

Clinical Relevance
The Society of Critical Care Medicine has identified sleep deprivation as a significant contributor to the development of delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit. Thus, preventing and managing sleep deprivation is important in reducing the incidence of delirium in this patient population. A multifaceted and multidisciplinary approach to promoting sleep in the intensive care unit setting that includes sleep hygiene routines, nursing care plans, and appropriate medication regimens may improve patient outcomes, including reducing delirium.

Purpose of Article
To review the current literature on sleep deprivation in the intensive care unit setting and present care guidelines in a concise format. This information may be helpful in the development of clinical tools and may guide future quality improvement projects aimed at reducing delirium through sleep promotion in critical care patients.

Content Covered
A review of current literature and national organization recommendations revealed consistent themes in addressing the problem of sleep deprivation in the intensive care unit. Modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors included frequent care interactions, light, noise, medication effects, and preexisting sleep problems.
Molecular Drivers of Lymphocyte Organization in Vertebrate Mucosal Surfaces: Revisiting the TNF Superfamily Hypothesis
Authors: Heimroth Ryan D. , Casadei Elisa , Salinas Irene 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The adaptive immune system of all jawed vertebrates relies on the presence of B and T cell lymphocytes that aggregate in specific body sites to form primary and secondary lymphoid structures. Secondary lymphoid organs include organized MALT (O-MALT) such as the tonsils and Peyer patches. O-MALT became progressively organized during vertebrate evolution, and the TNF superfamily of genes has been identified as essential for the formation and maintenance of O-MALT and other secondary and tertiary lymphoid structures in mammals. Yet, the molecular drivers of O-MALT structures found in ectotherms and birds remain essentially unknown. In this study, we provide evidence that TNFSFs, such as lymphotoxins, are likely not a universal mechanism to maintain O-MALT structures in adulthood of teleost fish, sarcopterygian fish, or birds. Although a role for TNFSF2 (TNF-α) cannot be ruled out, transcriptomics suggest that maintenance of O-MALT in nonmammalian vertebrates relies on expression of diverse genes with shared biological functions in neuronal signaling. Importantly, we identify that expression of many genes with olfactory function is a unique feature of mammalian Peyer patches but not the O-MALT of birds or ectotherms. These results provide a new view of O-MALT evolution in vertebrates and indicate that different genes with shared biological functions may have driven the formation of these lymphoid structures by a process of convergent evolution.
ERRATUM TO: Application of shotgun metagenomics to smoked salmon experimentally spiked: comparison between sequencing and microbiological data using different bioinformatic approaches
Authors: De Cesare Alessandra , Oliveri Chiara , Lucchi Alex , Pasquali Frederique , Pamp Sünje Johanna , Mordhorst Hanne , Wylezich Claudia , Poulsen Casper , Manfreda Gerardo 
Published: April 2020

The authors would like to correct the authorship in this publication, for the below-mentioned reason. Four co-authors (Johanna Pamp Sünje, Hanne Mordhorst, Claudia Wylezich, Casper Poulsen) have not been listed in the original version of the paper, due to an underestimation of the time needed to publish the results of PT as a whole, for which the dataset selected as described in the manuscript has been submitted.
As a consequence, part of the mock community used in the PT has been described in the paper published in Italian Journal of Food Safety for the first time. Therefore, these authors involved in the design and preparation of the mock community, as well as spiking of the samples, should be added.
Their contribution is detailed below: - Pamp Sünje Johanna, designed mock community, contribution to design of ring trial. - Mordhorst Hanne, preparation of the spiked samples, shipping ring trial samples. - Wylezich Claudia, conceptualization and addition of the virus in the mock community. - Poulsen Casper, preparation of the mock community.
The online version of the original article can be found under doi: 10.4081/ijfs.2019.8462
Cloud detection over snow and ice with oxygen A- and B-band observations from the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC)
Authors: Zhou Yaping , Yang Yuekui , Gao Meng , Zhai Peng-Wang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Satellite cloud detection over snow and ice has been difficult for passive
remote sensing instruments due to the lack of contrast between clouds and
cold/bright surfaces; cloud mask algorithms often heavily rely on shortwave
infrared (IR) channels over such surfaces. The Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera
(EPIC) on board the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) does not have
infrared channels, which makes cloud detection over snow and ice surfaces
even more challenging. This study investigates the methodology of applying
EPIC's two oxygen absorption band pair ratios in the A band (764, 780 nm) and
B band (688, 680 nm) for cloud detection over the snow and ice surfaces.
We develop a novel elevation and zenith-angle-dependent threshold scheme
based on radiative transfer model simulations that achieves significant
improvements over the existing algorithm. When compared against a composite
cloud mask based on geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO) and low Earth orbit
(LEO) sensors, the positive detection rate over snow and ice surfaces
increased from around 36 % to 65 % while the false detection rate
dropped from 50 % to 10 % for observations of January 2016 and 2017. The
improvement in July is less substantial due to relatively better performance
in the current algorithm. The new algorithm is applicable for all snow and
ice surfaces including Antarctic, sea ice, high-latitude snow, and
high-altitude glacier regions. This method is less reliable when clouds are
optically thin or below 3 km because the sensitivity is low in oxygen band
ratios for these cases.
Evaluation of the experiences and needs of users of a drug information resources website
Authors: Isenor Jennifer E. , Helwig Melissa , Weale Michael B. , Bowles Susan K. 
Published: April 2020

Objective: This article describes the evaluation of the experiences and needs of users of the Drug Information Resources (DIR) website. The DIR website attracts traffic and use from around the world with the highest users in Canada and the United States. Methods: An online questionnaire was developed through literature review and Google Analytics data. Face validity testing and test-retest reliability were completed prior to releasing the questionnaire. Results: Although the Google Analytics data showed that the site is used internationally, most respondents were Canadian students. They used the site for academic and clinical purposes and reported it was easy to use, well organized, include required resources, and would recommend it to others. Conclusion: DIR was found to be a valuable resource for educational and clinical use. Future studies will aim to obtain input from international users.
El poder de la polis. Notas sobre la crítica arendtiana de la filosofía política platónica
Authors: Basili Cristina 
Published: April 2020

Uno de los rasgos más innovadores del pensamiento de Hannah Arendt se halla en su original concepción del poder político. En oposición a la tradición filosófico-política occidental, la autora rescata una noción positiva de poder, como resultado de la acción colectiva, mientras que desvincula poder y violencia. Este artículo presenta un análisis del concepto arendtiano de poder y una reconstrucción detallada de su génesis en el pensamiento de Arendt. En particular, se examina el vinculo entre la elaboración alrededor del poder, la crítica de la filosofía platónica y la interpretación del mundo griego clásico. De esta manera, se procura demostrar como la polis representa, en la obra arendtiana, un laboratorio conceptual para la renovación las categorías políticas modernas.*

* El presente trabajo ha sido llevado a cabo gracias a la obtención de una Ayuda Juan de la Cierva-formación (2017) concedida por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades y la consecuente incorporación en el Grupo de investigación “Historia y ontología del presente: la perspectiva hispana” de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, dirigido por el Prof. José Luis Villacañas. Agradezco a Víctor Caleya su atenta revisión del texto.
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis After Pelvic and Acetabular Fractures: A Survey of Orthopaedic Surgeons' Current Practices
Authors: Lim Philip K. , Ahn Jaimo , Scolaro John A. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction:
The goal of this study was to identify the current practices and rationale of orthopaedic surgeons regarding venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis for pelvic and acetabular (P&A) fractures.

Methods:
A 25-item web-based questionnaire was made available to all Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) members on the OTA website. Analysis of data was performed after the three-month study period.

Results:
One hundred three active OTA members completed the survey. Most respondents practiced at an academic level I trauma centers. The most important factor in selecting a VTE regimen was its effectiveness, whereas cost was the least important. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) remains the preferred agent for VTE prophylaxis after P&A trauma. Factors such as surgical intervention and weight-bearing had a variable effect on surgeons' opinions regarding the type and duration of VTE prophylaxis.

Conclusion:
Most surgeons treating P&A fractures use LMWH for VTE prophylaxis, but the decision on which agent to use and duration of treatment is multifactorial. Published VTE prophylaxis literature and guidelines provide some guidance, but there is no consensus. Overall, LMWH appears to be the VTE prophylaxis agent of choice for most orthopaedic trauma surgeons, irrespective of nonsurgical or surgical management of these fractures.
Lymphedema: A Significant Risk Factor for Infection and Implant Failure After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Kolz Joshua M. , Rainer William G. , Wyles Cody C. , Houdek Matthew T. , Perry Kevin I. , Lewallen David G. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Lymphedema is characterized by fluid buildup and swelling, leading to skin fibrosis and recurring soft-tissue infections. There is a paucity of data examining the impact of lymphedema in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to review the outcomes of TKA in patients with lymphedema compared with a matched cohort with primary osteoarthritis.

Methods:
One hundred forty-four knees underwent primary TKA with a preceding diagnosis of ipsilateral lymphedema. The mean follow-up was 7 years. A blinded 1:2 match of knees with lymphedema to a group of knees without lymphedema undergoing primary TKA was performed. Matching criteria included sex, age, date of surgery, and body mass index. The mean follow-up for the comparison cohort was 8 years.

Results:
Lymphedema increased revision hazard ratio [HR] 7.60; P < 0.001), reoperation (HR, 2.87; P < 0.001), and infection (HR, 6.19; P < 0.001) in addition to periprosthetic fracture (P = 0.04) and tibial component loosening (P = 0.01). The mean time to infection trended toward later time points in knees with lymphedema (19 versus 2 months, P = 0.25).

Discussion:
Lymphedema increased the risk of revision, reoperation, and infection. These data highlight the need for appropriate patient counseling and the need for further investigation into the effects of preoperative and postoperative optimization of lymphedema management in the TKA setting.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III
Microplastic Pollution in Portuguese Saltworks
Authors: Sofia Soares Ana , Pinheiro Carlos , Oliveira Uirá , Natividade Vieira Maria 
Published: April 2020

Currently, microplastics are dispersed everywhere; from our oceans to our rivers, sediments, organisms, air, and even food resources. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the degree of contamination present in the Portuguese traditional table salts depending on their origin and type of salt. Fourteen samples were selected: seven from fleur de sel and seven from coarse salts, corresponding to seven distinct regions of the Portuguese territory. The concentration of microplastics, depending on salts’ origin, ranged between 595 and 5090 MPs/kg, in sea salt, and in Rio Maior’s well salt it varied from 3325 to 6430 MPs/kg. By salt type, the concentration of microplastics in the fleur de sel was 2320–6430 MPs/kg and in the coarse salt was 595–3985 MPs/kg. In the analyzed table salt, the most abundant anthropogenic particles were fibers (64%) and fragments (35%). The most predominant colors were transparent, blue, and black. The concentration of microplastics did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) between fleur de sel samples within different regions. However, statistically significant differences were found between coarse salt samples from the various regions. The results, gathered from this study, demonstrate the high contamination within artisanal Portuguese table salts, thus, becoming crucial to develop more future research, leading to a better understanding of the health risks associated with salt consumption.
Artificial intelligence system can achieve comparable results to experts for bone age assessment of Chinese children with abnormal growth and development
Authors: Wang Fengdan , Gu Xiao , Chen Shi , Liu Yongliang , Shen Qing , Pan Hui , Shi Lei , Jin Zhengyu 
Published: April 2020

Objective
Bone age (BA) is a crucial indicator for revealing the growth and development of children. This study tested the performance of a fully automated artificial intelligence (AI) system for BA assessment of Chinese children with abnormal growth and development.

Materials and Methods
A fully automated AI system based on the Greulich and Pyle (GP) method was developed for Chinese children by using 8,000 BA radiographs from five medical centers nationwide in China. Then, a total of 745 cases (360 boys and 385 girls) with abnormal growth and development from another tertiary medical center of north China were consecutively collected between January and October 2018 to test the system. The reference standard was defined as the result interpreted by two experienced reviewers (a radiologist with 10 years and an endocrinologist with 15 years of experience in BA reading) through consensus using the GP atlas. BA accuracy within 1 year, root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute difference (MAD), and 95% limits of agreement according to the Bland-Altman plot were statistically calculated.

Results
For Chinese pediatric patients with abnormal growth and development, the accuracy of this new automated AI system within 1 year was 84.60% as compared to the reference standard, with the highest percentage of 89.45% in the 12- to 18-year group. The RMSE, MAD, and 95% limits of agreement of the AI system were 0.76 years, 0.58 years, and −1.547 to 1.428, respectively, according to the Bland-Altman plot. The largest difference between the AI and experts’ BA result was noted for patients of short stature with bone deformities, severe osteomalacia, or different rates of maturation of the carpals and phalanges.

Conclusions
The developed automated AI system could achieve comparable BA results to experienced reviewers for Chinese children with abnormal growth and development.
Angular Photogrammetric Comparison of the Craniofacial Soft-tissue Profile of Three Ethnic Groups in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Okoh P. D. , Amadi M. A. 
Published: April 2020

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the angular craniofacial soft tissue profile of adult southern Nigerian males of Igbo, Ijaw and Yoruba extractions.
Methodology: The study made use of a total number of one thousand two hundred (1200) subjects divided into four hundred (400) subjects each from the Igbo, Yoruba and Ijaw ethnic groups of southern Nigeria whose ages ranged between 21 to 40 years. Determination of minimum sample size was done using the Taro-Yamane’s formula. The study employed the use of photogrammetry. Standardized photographic record of the 1200 adults were taken in the natural head position. Photographs were analysed using a software tool (WinImager). Data generated were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 25.0 and Microsoft Excel 2019.
Results: Results showed ethnic variations across the different ethnic groups. Age related changes were also observed. On comparison with other racial populations, marked differences were observed.
Conclusion: These anthropometric values define the facial soft tissue norm of southern Nigeria and could be useful in anthropometric studies, orofacial, orthodontic and maxillofacial surgeries, and forensics.
Interhemispheric asymmetry of c‐Fos expression in glomeruli and the olfactory tubercle following repeated odor stimulation
Authors: Jae YoonGyu , Lee NaHye , Moon Dae Won , Koo JaeHyung 
Published: April 2020

Odor adaptation allows the olfactory system to regulate sensitivity to different stimulus intensities, which is essential for preventing saturation of the cell‐transducing machinery and maintaining high sensitivity to persistent and repetitive odor stimuli. Although many studies have investigated the structure and mechanisms of the mammalian olfactory system that responds to chemical sensation, few studies have considered differences in neuronal activation that depend on the manner in which the olfactory system is exposed to odorants, or examined activity patterns of olfactory‐related regions in the brain under different odor exposure conditions. To address these questions, we designed three different odor exposure conditions that mimicked diverse odor environments and analyzed c‐Fos‐expressing cells (c‐Fos+ cells) in the odor columns of the olfactory bulb (OB). We then measured differences in the proportions of c‐Fos‐expressing cell types depending on the odor exposure condition. Surprisingly, under the specific odor condition in which the olfactory system was repeatedly exposed to the odorant for 1 min at 5‐min intervals, one of the lateral odor columns and the ipsilateral hemisphere of the olfactory tubercle had more c‐Fos+ cells than the other three odor columns and the contralateral hemisphere of the olfactory tubercle. However, this interhemispheric asymmetry of c‐Fos expression was not observed in the anterior piriform cortex. To confirm whether the anterior olfactory nucleus pars externa (AONpE), which connects the left and right OB, contributes to this asymmetry, AONpE‐lesioned mice were analyzed under the specific odor exposure condition. Asymmetric c‐Fos expression was not observed in the OB or the olfactory tubercle. These data indicate that the c‐Fos expression patterns of the olfactory‐related regions in the brain are influenced by the odor exposure condition and that asymmetric c‐Fos expression in these regions was observed under a specific odor exposure condition due to synaptic linkage via the AONpE.
MicroRNA‐155‐5p suppresses PD‐L1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Huang Jiansheng , Weng Qiaoyou , Shi Yang , Mao Weibo , Zhao Zhigang , Wu Rongzhen , Ren Jianmin , Fang Shiji , Lu Chenying , Du Yongzhong , Ji Jiansong 
Published: April 2020

MiR‐155‐5p is a key oncogenic microRNA that maintains immune homeostasis and mediates cross‐talk between inflammation and tumorigenesis. High expression of programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) also plays an important role in immune tolerance in tumors. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between miR‐155‐5p and PD‐L1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells A549 and H1650. The expression levels of miR‐155‐5p and PD‐L1 in LUAD patients were detected by a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and mimics of miR‐155‐5p were used to model increased expression in A549 or H1650 cells. After 24 h, we measured levels of PD‐L1 by qRT‐PCR, western blotting and flow cytometry. In addition, we identified two sites in the PD‐L1 3′‐UTR (5′‐AGCAUUA‐3′ and 5′‐GCAUUAA‐3′) that can be bound by miR‐155‐5p using TargetScan (http://www.targetscan.org). Compared to normal tissue, miR‐155‐5p was overexpressed in tumor tissue (P = 0.0456), whereas the expression of PD‐L1 was not significantly different (P = 0.1349). The expression levels of miR‐155‐5p and PD‐L1 were negatively correlated (r = −0.6409, P = 0.0459 and r = −0.7544, P = 0.0117). Exogenous overexpression of miR‐155‐5p decreased the mRNA, total protein and membrane protein expression levels of PD‐L1 both in A549 and H1650 cells (P < 0.05). Taken together, our data suggest that miR‐155‐5p may suppress the expression of PD‐L1 in LUAD.