bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Support interventions for families of people with terminal cancer in palliative care
Authors: Areia Neide P. , Góngora José N. , Major Sofia , Oliveira Vivianne D. , Relvas Ana P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe terminal phase of cancer represents a major crisis for the family system. Regardless of the caregiving role they undertake, family members are forced to address multiple impacts when facing the approaching death of their terminally ill loved one. International guidelines recognize the importance of integrating the family into a care plan. However, more needs to be known about how to deliver optimal family support. The purpose of this study is to review the current state of the art in family/caregiver-focused interventions of people with terminal cancer in palliative care.MethodFor this purpose, an overview of the literature's systematic reviews on the topic was conducted to select Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) on family/caregiver-focused interventions.ResultsNine interventions were found in the systematic reviews of literature and meta-analysis. These family/caregiver-focused interventions were then thoroughly and critically analyzed. Despite the heterogeneity with regard to their characteristics, the interventions commonly focused on caregiving matters, were brief in duration, and delivered by non-mental health experts. The efficacy of such interventions was seen as modest.Significance of resultsFamily/caregiver-focused interventions in palliative care remain a matter of concern and more research is needed to identify adequate and effective ways of helping families that face the crisis of terminal illness in the system.
Bookends to a Gentler Capitalism: Complicating the Notion of First and Second Gilded Ages
Authors: Greene Julie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe narrative of a second Gilded Age erroneously suggests that the current dynamics are repeating those of the late nineteenth century. Although they share certain important characteristics, these are profoundly different historical moments. Focusing on the history of capitalism and labor, and taking a global perspective, demonstrates that the two periods were bookends—the “before” and “after” to a lengthy period when the cruelest characteristics of corporate capitalism were temporarily constrained. The late nineteenth century saw the ascent of serious efforts to rein in the power of the new capitalism and force it to bow down to the needs of civil society. During the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, we are experiencing the decline of that effort as capitalists and their ideological and political supporters push to see how far they can go to ensure the unchallenged hegemony of corporate and property rights. The slow climb toward a more humane capitalism and the rapid descent away from it constitute two very different experiences.
CONTAINING THE RAINBOW COALITION
Authors: Haynie Kerry L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe emergence of an African American and Latino-dominated coalition with the potential to reconfigure American government and politics at the national, state, and local levels is one of the most noteworthy developments in U.S. politics over the past two decades. Racialized mass incarceration and felon disenfranchisement are impediments to this coalition’s political power. Social scientists, legal scholars, and activists have long paid attention to how devices like poll taxes, English competency tests, voter intimidation, racial gerrymandering, and voter identification laws restrict participation and diluted the political influence of racial and ethnic minorities. This essay seeks to direct renewed scholarly attention to racialized mass incarceration and felon disenfranchisement as similar devices for suppressing and containing minority group political power.
THE COMMUNITY IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Authors: Bell Monica C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article sets forth four modalities of the relationship between members of marginalized communities and the criminal justice system:subordination, consumption, resistance, and transformation. These modalities attempt to break out of traditional ways of thinking about community members’ formal roles in the system—defendants, witnesses, victims, judges, prosecutors, police officers, correctional officers, and the indeterminate but oft-invoked “community.” Instead, these modalities are fluid and situational. This article also calls for new research, scholarship, and advocacy that takes seriously how members of communities that the criminal legal system most deeply and directly affects engage in these fluid and situational modalities. Attention to the complexity of “community” is essential to creating lasting change in social systems of blame and punishment.
Interpersonal Focus in the Emotional Autobiographical Memories of	Older and Younger Adults
Authors: Polsinelli Angelina J. , Rentscher Kelly E. , Glisky Elizabeth L. , Moseley Suzanne A. , Mehl Matthias R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The present study examined the interpersonal focus within autobiographical memories (AMs) of older and younger adults from the perspective of socioemotional selectivity theory (SST). Specifically, we measured interpersonal focus directly through rater codings (relational vs. individual focus) and social word use, and indirectly through personal pronoun use. Forty-five older ( Mage = 76.76) and 25 younger ( Mage = 18.64) adults recalled positive and negative AMs, which were then coded and processed through computerized text analysis software to obtain word-use counts. Consistent with SST, the positive AMs of older adults were more interpersonally focused compared to negative AMs and younger adults. The results suggest that the positive life experiences of older adults tend to be associated with a high degree of social importance and focus on others.
Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Formation to Resolution‐Dependent and Independent Tracking Schemes in High‐Resolution Climate Model Simulations
Authors: Raavi Pavan Harika , Walsh K.J.E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the present study, global tropical cyclone (TC) formation characteristics are estimated using two fundamentally different Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and Okubo‐Weiss zeta parameter (OWZP) tracking schemes in the reanalysis data and in a high‐resolution climate model with interannually varying sea surface temperatures. Both the schemes have a reasonable global geographical distribution of TC genesis locations with under simulation in the eastern North Atlantic and northwestern Australian regions. The mean annual TC frequency in the model is similar to observations using the CSIRO scheme but higher using the OWZP scheme, whereas the annual frequency in reanalysis using the OWZP scheme is similar to observations but halved using the CSIRO scheme. In the CSIRO scheme, both the resolution‐dependent thresholds and large‐scale climate may play a role for skilful TC formation statistics. In contrast, large‐scale climate leads to changes in OWZP TC detections. This highlights the importance of the large‐scale environment for TC detections in both the tracking schemes. The OWZP scheme can differentiate the monsoon lows from the actual TCs in the north Indian Ocean compared to the CSIRO scheme, which incorrectly detects them as TCs in the monsoon season. The distribution of TC lifetime in the model using the OWZP scheme is similar to observations. Conversely, the CSIRO scheme detected TCs have shorter lifetimes, perhaps due to intrinsic tracking scheme differences. Although the tracking schemes are fundamentally different, the study shows that there exist some similarities between them and for certain TC formation characteristics the OWZP scheme performs better compared to the CSIRO scheme.
Is Low‐Temperature Fission‐Track Annealing in Apatite a Thermally Controlled Process?
Authors: Tamer Murat , Ketcham Richard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report a new series of experiments to explore the phenomenon of low‐temperature annealing of fission tracks in apatite that feature a number of improvements over previous work. Grain mounts were preirradiated using 252Cf to increase confined track detection and allow briefer thermal neutron irradiation. We coirradiated and etched four apatite varieties (Durango, Fish Canyon, Renfrew, and Tioga) over five time steps equally spaced from 3.66 to 15 ln(s). A length standard was coetched with all experiments to ensure that subtle differences are within detection limits. Finally, we used a standard etching protocol, allowing the data to be comodeled with extensive high‐temperature data sets and recent analyses of induced tracks that underwent ambient‐temperature annealing over year‐to‐decade time scales. Ambient‐temperature annealing occurs at two different rates, with faster annealing at early stages that decreases to a slower rate that converges with empirical fanning linear or curvilinear models. The nature of this decrease varies among the apatite species examined, but no patterns could be determined. The fitted models make geological time‐scale predictions consistent with those based on high‐temperature data only and also make predictions consistent with reasonable inferred low‐temperature histories for all four apatite varieties. The empirical fanning curvilinear equation encompasses low‐temperature annealing at month‐to‐decade time scales, but low‐temperature annealing at shorter time scales may occur by a distinct mechanism. We consider but rule out annealing by radiation from short‐lived activated isotopes. We also reconsider the notion of the initial track length, and the appropriate length for normalizing confined track length measurements.
Prioritizing Water Security in the Management of Vector‐Borne Diseases: Lessons From Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Akanda Ali S. , Johnson Kristin , Ginsberg Howard S. , Couret Jannelle 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChanges in human water use, along with temperature and rainfall patterns, are facilitating habitat spread and distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, the primary vectors for the transmission of Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika viruses in the Americas. Artificial containers and wet spots provide major sources of mosquito larval habitat in residential areas. Mosquito abatement and control strategies remain the most effective public health interventions for minimizing the impact of these vector‐borne diseases. Understanding how water insecurity is conducive to the establishment and elimination of endemic mosquito populations, particularly in arid or semiarid regions, is a vital component in shaping these intervention strategies.
On the Confinement of Ultrarelativistic Electron Remnant Belts to Low Shells
Authors: Pinto V. A. , Zhang X.‐J. , Mourenas D. , Bortnik J. , Artemyev A. V. , Lyons L. R. , Moya P. S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUltrarelativistic electron remnant belts are frequently observed at low
shells between the inner belt and a re‐forming outer belt following geomagnetic disturbances that led to a dropout of electron fluxes at higher radial distances from the Earth. Using wave, particle, and plasma measurements from the Van Allen Probes and Pc3‐Pc5 ultra low frequency (ULF) wave data from ground magnetometers from September 2012 to November 2017, we find significant correlations between the upper edge of the remnant belts and the minimum plasmapause and last closed drift shell locations. The maximum 2‐hr‐averaged radial diffusion rate based on ULF wave power recorded during the dropouts is correlated with the upper edge of the remnant belts and last closed drift shell position. Frequently, ULF wave power is sufficiently strong down to the upper edge of the remnant belts to allow a fast outward radial diffusion of electrons up to the last closed drift shell and to account for the observed confinement of remnant belts to low
shells. The electron phase space density often exhibits the needed negative or oscillating outward gradients in the region of flux loss. Accordingly, fast outward radial diffusion by ULF waves turns out to be a crucial contributor to the depletion of the outer belt that leads to the formation of remnant belts of ultrarelativistic electrons, although we show that multi‐MeV electron precipitation through combined scattering by contemporaneous electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) and lower‐band chorus waves probably contributes in a limited number of cases.
Three‐Dimensional Electrical Resistivity Structure Beneath a Volcanically and Seismically Active Island, Kyushu, Southwest Japan Arc
Authors: Hata M. , Munekane H. , Utada H. , Kagiyama T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo understand the subduction dynamics around Kyushu Island, Southwest Japan Arc, the distribution of fluids is imaged by resolving three‐dimensional (3‐D) electrical resistivity structure beneath a subregion the island, including volcanic and nonvolcanic areas. The nonvolcanic region in central Kyushu is situated between two regions with numerous Quaternary volcanic structures along a volcanic front aligned N30°E and related to subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate. Two source areas of slow slip events lie at depths of 20–40 km along the eastern coast of Kyushu, whereas earthquakes spread along the subducting Philippine Sea Plate plane over the eastern coast and toward the volcanic front at depths of 20 to >100 km. Our 3‐D resistivity model detects prominent conductors, indicating the presence of fluids, which might control volcanic and seismic activity. The most robust features of the model are three regions of high conductivity. A magma system and a fluid system are imaged as two vertical conductors extending from a depth of ~70 km, both related to slab‐derived fluid and located along the volcanic front, beneath the volcanic and nonvolcanic regions, respectively. The third conductor, which suggests the presence of slab‐derived fluid and hydrated sediments at the plate interface and the presence of serpentinite in the mantle wedge, appears in an area devoid of slow slip events at depths of <~30 km along the southeastern coast.
Time‐Dependent Heat Budget of a Thrust from Geological Records and Numerical Experiments
Authors: Maino Matteo , Casini Leonardo , Boschi Chiara , Di Giulio Andrea , Setti Massimo , Seno Silvio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present thermometric measurements and numerical simulations of the thermal budget of a shallow thrust (5–7 km of depth). We determine the temperatures of synkinematic minerals by chlorite geothermometer and illite crystallinity index and sheared veins with stable isotope and fluid inclusion microthemometry. The fault zone attained temperature higher than the wall rocks (ΔT of ~50 °C). Some heavily damaged rocks retain a minor but systematic record of a further temperature increase up to 150 °C, and the isotopic signal of fluids indicates a proximal source localized close to the fault zone. We simulated the geological evolution with a suite of elasto‐visco‐plastic thermomechanical models using a 2‐D finite difference code that reproduces the stress, strain, temperature, and pressure variations occurring within the thrust zone. Results indicate that shear heating during distributed cataclastic flow can account for a moderate and persistent temperature increment (ΔT 5–30 °C). Transient higher temperature pulses (50–90 °C) are reproduced simulating coseismic slip along narrow fault planes localized within the broad cataclastic zone. Integration of analytical data and numerical results supports the slow creeping frictional‐viscous deformation as effective mechanism explaining the low‐T part of the thermal history. Seismic deformation equivalent to moment magnitude Mw > 6.5–7.0 earthquakes is required to fully account for the thermal signal, including the extreme peak temperature.
Reduced‐Dimensional Gaussian Process Machine Learning for Groundwater Allocation Planning Using Swarm Theory
Authors: Siade Adam J. , Cui Tao , Karelse Robert N. , Hampton Clive 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGroundwater management and allocation planning involves a rigorous assessment of the performance of operational decisions such as extraction/injection rates on community and environmental objectives. Maximizing performance through numerical optimization can be essential for high‐value resources and is often computationally infeasible due to long simulation model run times combined with nonconvex objectives and constraints. In order to mitigate these drawbacks, surrogate models can be used in place of complex models during the optimization process. There exist a number of machine learning techniques that can be used to develop a data‐driven surrogate model. However, the curse of dimensionality, common to groundwater management, limits the use of these techniques due to the necessity for large training data sets. Even though it is now possible to handle large data sets, the generation of these data sets themselves remains computationally prohibitive as they require numerous simulations to produce accurate surrogates. In this study, we integrate a dimensionality reduction method using truncated singular value decomposition to reduce the number of decision variables, thereby reducing the size of the training data set needed. Correspondingly, we demonstrate a simple technique for acquiring an approximate minimax Latin Hypercube design from within the subspace. We also implement a novel technique for adaptive resampling through particle swarm optimization in order to maintain accuracy of the surrogate model throughout the optimization process. The resulting accurate surrogate model for the Perth regional aquifer system of Western Australia runs in a matter of seconds. Adopting this approach can produce timely solutions, making formal optimization tractable for practitioners.
A comprehensive non-redundant gene catalog reveals extensive within-community intraspecies diversity in the human vagina
Authors: Ma Bing , France Michael T. , Crabtree Jonathan , Holm Johanna B. , Humphrys Michael S. , Brotman Rebecca M. , Ravel Jacques 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnalysis of metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data is complicated and typically requires extensive computational resources. Leveraging a curated reference database of genes encoded by members of the target microbiome can make these analyses more tractable. In this study, we assemble a comprehensive human vaginal non-redundant gene catalog (VIRGO) that includes 0.95 million non-redundant genes. The gene catalog is functionally and taxonomically annotated. We also construct a vaginal orthologous groups (VOG) from VIRGO. The gene-centric design of VIRGO and VOG provides an easily accessible tool to comprehensively characterize the structure and function of vaginal metagenome and metatranscriptome datasets. To highlight the utility of VIRGO, we analyze 1,507 additional vaginal metagenomes, and identify a high degree of intraspecies diversity within and across vaginal microbiota. VIRGO offers a convenient reference database and toolkit that will facilitate a more in-depth understanding of the role of vaginal microorganisms in women’s health and reproductive outcomes.
Activating low-temperature diesel oxidation by single-atom Pt on TiO2 nanowire array
Authors: Hoang Son , Guo Yanbing , Binder Andrew J. , Tang Wenxiang , Wang Sibo , Liu Jingyue , Tran Huan , Lu Xingxu , Wang Yu , Ding Yong , Kyriakidou Eleni A. , Yang Ji , Toops Todd J. , Pauly Thomas R. , Ramprasad Rampi , Gao Pu-Xian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSupported metal single atom catalysts (SACs) present an emerging class of low-temperature catalysts with high reactivity and selectivity, which, however, face challenges on both durability and practicality. Herein, we report a single-atom Pt catalyst that is strongly anchored on a robust nanowire forest of mesoporous rutile titania grown on the channeled walls of full-size cordierite honeycombs. This Pt SAC exhibits remarkable activity for oxidation of CO and hydrocarbons with 90% conversion at temperatures as low as ~160 oC under simulated diesel exhaust conditions while using 5 times less Pt-group metals than a commercial oxidation catalyst. Such an excellent low-temperature performance is sustained over hydrothermal aging and sulfation as a result of highly dispersed and isolated active single Pt ions bonded at the Ti vacancy sites with 5 or 6 oxygen ions on titania nanowire surfaces.
Elucidating heterogeneous photocatalytic superiority of microporous porphyrin organic cage
Authors: Liu Chao , Liu Kunhui , Wang Chiming , Liu Heyuan , Wang Hailong , Su Hongmei , Li Xiyou , Chen Banglin , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe investigation on the catalytic properties of porous organic cages is still in an initial stage. Herein, the reaction of cyclohexanediamine with 5,15-di[3’,5’-diformyl(1,1’-biphenyl)]porphyrin affords a porphyrin tubular organic cage, PTC-1(2H). Transient absorption spectroscopy in solution reveals much prolonged triplet lifetime of PTC-1(2H) relative to monomer reference, illustrating the unique photophysical behavior of cagelike photosensitizer. The long triplet lifetime ensures high-efficiency singlet oxygen evolution according to homogeneous photo-bleach experiment, electron spin-resonance spectroscopy, and aerobic photo-oxidation of benzylamine. Furthermore, microporous supramolecular framework of PTC-1(2H) is able to promote the heterogeneous photo-oxidation of various primary amines with conversion efficiency above 99% under visible light irradiation. These results indicate the great application potentials of porous organic cages in heterogeneous phase.
The role of Mediator and Little Elongation Complex in transcription termination
Authors: Takahashi Hidehisa , Ranjan Amol , Chen Shiyuan , Suzuki Hidefumi , Shibata Mio , Hirose Tomonori , Hirose Hiroko , Sasaki Kazunori , Abe Ryota , Chen Kai , He Yanfeng , Zhang Ying , Takigawa Ichigaku , Tsukiyama Tadasuke , Watanabe Masashi , Fujii Satoshi , Iida Midori , Yamamoto Junichi , Yamaguchi Yuki , Suzuki Yutaka , Matsumoto Masaki , Nakayama Keiichi I. , Washburn Michael P. , Saraf Anita , Florens Laurence , Sato Shigeo , Tomomori-Sato Chieri , Conaway Ronald C. , Conaway Joan W. , Hatakeyama Shigetsugu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMediator is a coregulatory complex that regulates transcription of Pol II-dependent genes. Previously, we showed that human Mediator subunit MED26 plays a role in the recruitment of Super Elongation Complex (SEC) or Little Elongation Complex (LEC) to regulate the expression of certain genes. MED26 plays a role in recruiting SEC to protein-coding genes including c-myc and LEC to small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes. However, how MED26 engages SEC or LEC to regulate distinct genes is unclear. Here, we provide evidence that MED26 recruits LEC to modulate transcription termination of non-polyadenylated transcripts including snRNAs and mRNAs encoding replication-dependent histone (RDH) at Cajal bodies. Our findings indicate that LEC recruited by MED26 promotes efficient transcription termination by Pol II through interaction with CBC-ARS2 and NELF/DSIF, and promotes 3′ end processing by enhancing recruitment of Integrator or Heat Labile Factor to snRNA or RDH genes, respectively.