bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Super Kinetically Pseudocapacitive MnCo2S4 Nanourchins toward High‐Rate and Highly Stable Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Lim Yew Von , Huang Shaozhuan , Wu Qingyun , Kong Dezhi , Wang Ye , Zhu Yanfang , Wang Yanxia , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue , Ang Lay Kee , Yang Hui Ying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImproving surface morphology profiles, i.e., surface area and porosity, by nanostructure/surface engineering is effective in accommodating sodium's ionic and kinetic inadequacies. However, this strategy is limited to only activating the extrinsic pseudocapacitance in terms of improving surface‐based reactions. Herein, it is aimed to improve the sodiation performance by enhancement from both intrinsic and extrinsic pseudocapacitance to maximize sodiation potential of materials. A rarely reported but highly functional spinel MnCo2S4 (MCS), is introduced and systematically analyzed using first‐principles investigations, which exhibits energetically favorable charge‐transfer states and strong Na‐ions adsorption kinetics as well as diffusion channels (−3.65 and 0.40 eV respectively). The overall electrochemical redox profiles of the MCS nanostructure is revealed by in situ techniques, which disclose the commencing of partial and then a full conversion‐type sodiation at low discharge potentials (0.52 V vs Na/Na+) with fast Na‐ions diffusivity. Assisted by surface engineering technology on the intrinsically pseudocapacitive MCS, the urchin‐like morphology is instrumental in boosting and realizing sodium storage performance, especially the surface capacitive behavior (from 73.4% to 94.1%), prolonged cycling stability (>800 cycles), and high‐rate capability (416 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1), as well as exhibiting remarkable full cell capability (high rate at 2 A g−1, >200 cycles at 200 mA g−1).
Electron‐State Confinement of Polysulfides for Highly Stable Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ye Chao , Jiao Yan , Chao Dongliang , Ling Tao , Shan Jieqiong , Zhang Binwei , Gu Qinfen , Davey Kenneth , Wang Haihui , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConfinement of polysulfides in sulfur cathodes is pivotal for eliminating the “shuttle effect” in metal–sulfur batteries, which represent promising solutions for large‐scale and sustainable energy storage. However, mechanistic exploration and in‐depth understanding for the confinement of polysulfides remain limited. Consequently, it is a critical challenge to achieve highly stable metal–sulfur batteries. Here, based on a 2D metal–organic framework (2D MOF), a new mechanism to realize effective confinement of polysulfides is proposed. A combination of in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, electrochemical measurements, and theoretical computations reveal that the dynamic electron states of the Ni centers in the 2D MOF enable the interaction between polysulfides and the MOF in the discharge/charge process to be tuned, resulting in both strong adsorption and fast conversion kinetics of polysulfides. The resultant room‐temperature sodium–sulfur batteries are amongst the most stable reported so far, thus demonstrating that the new mechanism opens a promising avenue for the development of high‐performance metal–sulfur batteries.
Organic UV‐Sensitive Phototransistors Based on Distriphenylamineethynylpyrene Derivatives with Ultra‐High Detectivity Approaching 1018
Authors: Tao Jingwei , Liu Dan , Qin Zhengsheng , Shao Bo , Jing Jiangbo , Li Hongxiang , Dong Huanli , Xu Bin , Tian Wenjing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOrganic photodetectors with UV‐sensitivity are of great potential for various optoelectronic applications. Integration of high charge carrier mobility, long exciton diffusion length as well as unique UV‐sensitivity for active materials is crucial for construction of UV‐sensitive devices with high performance, however, very few organic semiconductors can integrate these properties simultaneously. Herein, two novel organic semiconductors containing large steric hindrance triphenylamine groups, 1,6‐distriphenylamineethynylpyrene (1,6‐DTEP) and 2,7‐distriphenylamineethynylpyrene (2,7‐DTEP) are designed and synthesized. It demonstrates that the single crystals of both 1,6‐DTEP and 2,7‐DTEP exhibit superior integrated optoelectronic properties of high charge carrier mobility, unique UV absorption, high photoluminescence quantum yields as well as small exciton binding energies. Organic phototransistors constructed using 1,6‐DTEP and 2,7‐DTEP single crystals show ultrasensitive performance with ultra‐high photoresponsivity of 2.86 × 106 and 1.04 × 105 A W−1, detectivity (D*) of above 1.49 × 1018 and 5.28 × 1016 Jones under 370 nm light illumination, respectively. It indicates the great potential of 1,6‐DTEP and 2,7‐DTEP‐based phototransistors for organic UV‐photodetector applications and also provides a new design strategy to develop series of better performance UV photoelectric organic materials for related research in organic optoelectronics.
Flexible Manipulation of Emitting Beams Using Single‐Aperture Circularly Polarized Digital Metasurface Antennas: Multi‐Beam Radiation toward Vortex‐Beam Generation
Authors: Nadi Morteza , Rajabalipanah Hamid , Cheldavi Ahmad , Abdolali Ali 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs the technological demands for multiple‐input multiple‐output communication systems increasingly grow, there is a critical need for the next generation of multi‐beam radiators. The concept of single‐feed compact phase‐encoded metasurface antennas is introduced, the radiation specifications of which can be flexibly manipulated to provide circularly‐polarized single‐, dual‐, quad‐beam far‐field patterns, a circularly‐polarized optical angular momentum‐carrying beam, and a circularly‐polarized quasi‐omnidirectional emission. With a small footprint area at f = 5.8 GHz, the proposed circularly polarized coding metasurface antenna (CPCMA) consists of several radiating meta‐atoms with 2‐bit excitation phases of 0, π/2, π, and 3π/2. Compared with conventional antenna arrays, the center‐to‐center distance of the coding elements is noticeably reduced, where periodic boundary conditions have been employed to analyze the inter‐element coupling effects. A low‐cost and simple corporate feed network is also designed to implement the required coding mask of each CPCMA type. To verify the performance of the proposed CPCMA, a prototype is fabricated and measured. Proof‐of‐concept experiments demonstrate excellent agreement with numerical simulations and theoretical predictions. This constructs a bridge between conventional arrays and digital metasurfaces, providing a powerful host for the next generation of multi‐beam circularly polarized radiators.
Superlocal chemical reaction equilibrium in low temperature plasma
Authors: Uner Necip B. , Thimsen Elijah 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLow temperature plasmas (LTP) are a unique class of open‐driven systems in which chemical reactions are unpredictable using established concepts. The terminal state of chemical reactions in LTP, termed the superlocal equilibrium state, is hypothesized to be defined by a proposed set of state variables. Using a LTP reactor wherein the state variables have been measured, it is shown that CO2 spontaneously splits and the effluent speciation is independent of the influent speciation if the state variables are held constant and the residence time is long. CO2 conversion at long residence times, which is expected to be nominally zero from equilibrium thermodynamics, can be as high as 70% in the LTP. The employed low pressure plasma reactor (P = 10 mbar) had a similar volume, productivity, and energy efficiency compared to an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge reactor, thanks to reaction rates that were three orders of magnitude faster.
Variation in the seasonal germination niche across an elevational gradient: the role of germination cueing in current and future climates
Authors: Gremer Jennifer R. , Chiono Alec , Suglia Elena , Bontrager Megan , Okafor Lauren , Schmitt Johanna 
Published: February 2020

PremiseThe timing of germination has profound impacts on fitness, population dynamics, and species ranges. Many plants have evolved responses to seasonal environmental cues to time germination with favorable conditions; these responses interact with temporal variation in local climate to drive the seasonal climate niche and may reflect local adaptation. Here, we examined germination responses to temperature cues in Streptanthus tortuosus populations across an elevational gradient.MethodsUsing common garden experiments, we evaluated differences among populations in response to cold stratification (chilling) and germination temperature and related them to observed germination phenology in the field. We then explored how these responses relate to past climate at each site and the implications of those patterns under future climate change.ResultsPopulations from high elevations had stronger stratification requirements for germination and narrower temperature ranges for germination without stratification. Differences in germination responses corresponded with elevation and variability in seasonal temperature and precipitation across populations. Further, they corresponded with germination phenology in the field; low‐elevation populations germinated in the fall without chilling, whereas high‐elevation populations germinated after winter chilling and snowmelt in spring and summer. Climate‐change forecasts indicate increasing temperatures and decreasing snowpack, which will likely alter germination cues and timing, particularly for high‐elevation populations.ConclusionsThe seasonal germination niche for S. tortuosus is highly influenced by temperature and varies across the elevational gradient. Climate change will likely affect germination timing, which may cascade to influence trait expression, fitness, and population persistence.
An examination of the cross‐sectional geometrical properties of the long bone diaphyses of Holocene foragers from Roonka, South Australia
Authors: Hill Ethan C. , Pearson Osbjorn M. , Durband Arthur C. , Walshe Keryn , Carlson Kristian J. , Grine Frederick E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study examines long bone diaphyseal rigidity and shape of hunter‐gatherers at Roonka to make inferences about subsistence strategies and mobility of inhabitants of semi‐arid southeastern Australia. Roonka is a cemetery site adjacent to the Lower Murray River, which contains over 200 individuals buried throughout the Holocene. Archaeological evidence indicates that populations living near this river corridor employed mobile, risk averse foraging strategies.MethodsThis prediction of lifestyle was tested by comparing the cross‐sectional geometric properties of the humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, and fibula of individuals from Roonka to samples of varying subsistence strategies. Bilateral asymmetry of the upper limb bones was also examined.ResultsRoonka males and females have moderately high lower limb diaphyseal rigidity and shape. In the upper limb, females have low rigidity and bilateral asymmetry while males have moderately high rigidity and bilateral asymmetry. This pattern is similar to other foraging groups from Australia and southern Africa that have behaviorally adapted to arid and semi‐arid environments.DiscussionLower limb results suggest that populations in the Lower Murray River Valley had relatively elevated foraging mobility. Upper limb rigidity and bilateral asymmetry indicate a sexual division of labor at Roonka. Females resemble other samples that had mixed subsistence strategies that involved hunting, gathering, and processing tasks. Males display a pattern similar to groups that preferentially hunted large game, but that supplemented this source with smaller game and riverine resources.
Cancer Risk for Fingolimod, Natalizumab, and Rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Alping Peter , Askling Johan , Burman Joachim , Fink Katharina , Fogdell‐Hahn Anna , Gunnarsson Martin , Hillert Jan , Langer‐Gould Annette , Lycke Jan , Nilsson Petra , Salzer Jonatan , Svenningsson Anders , Vrethem Magnus , Olsson Tomas , Piehl Fredrik , Frisell Thomas 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveNovel, highly effective disease‐modifying therapies have revolutionized multiple sclerosis (MS) care. However, evidence from large comparative studies on important safety outcomes, such as cancer, is still lacking.MethodsIn this nationwide register‐based cohort study, we linked data from the Swedish MS register to the Swedish Cancer Register and other national health care and census registers. We included 4,187 first‐ever initiations of rituximab, 1,620 of fingolimod, and 1,670 of natalizumab in 6,136 MS patients matched for age, sex, and location to 37,801 non‐MS general population subjects. Primary outcome was time to first invasive cancer.ResultsWe identified 78 invasive cancers among treated patients: rituximab 33 (incidence rate [IR] per 10,000 person‐years = 34.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 23.7–48.3), fingolimod 28 (IR = 44.0, 95% CI = 29.2–63.5), and natalizumab 17 (IR = 26.0, 95% CI = 15.1–41.6). The general population IR was 31.0 (95% CI = 27.8–34.4). Adjusting for baseline characteristics, we found no difference in risk of invasive cancer between rituximab, natalizumab, and the general population but a possibly higher risk with fingolimod compared to the general population (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.53, 95% CI = 0.98–2.38) and rituximab (HR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.00–2.84).InterpretationIn this first large comparative study of 3 highly effective MS disease‐modifying therapies, no increased risk of invasive cancer was seen with rituximab and natalizumab, compared to the general population. However, there was a borderline‐significant increased risk with fingolimod, compared to both the general population and rituximab. It was not possible to attribute this increased risk to any specific type of cancer, and further studies are warranted to validate these findings. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:688–699
Validation of Rapid Magnetic Resonance Myelin Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ouellette Russell , Mangeat Gabriel , Polyak Ildiko , Warntjes Marcel , Forslin Yngve , Bergendal Åsa , Plattén Michael , Uppman Martin , Treaba Constantina Andrada , Cohen‐Adad Julien , Piehl Fredrik , Kristoffersen Wiberg Maria , Fredrikson Sten , Mainero Caterina , Granberg Tobias 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for multiple sclerosis diagnostics but is conventionally not specific to demyelination. Myelin imaging is often hampered by long scanning times, complex postprocessing, or lack of clinical approval. This study aimed to assess the specificity, robustness, and clinical value of Rapid Estimation of Myelin for Diagnostic Imaging, a new myelin imaging technique based on time‐efficient simultaneous T1/T2 relaxometry and proton density mapping in multiple sclerosis.MethodsRapid myelin imaging was applied using 3T MRI ex vivo in 3 multiple sclerosis brain samples and in vivo in a prospective cohort of 71 multiple sclerosis patients and 21 age/sex‐matched healthy controls, with scan–rescan repeatability in a subcohort. Disability in patients was assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test at baseline and 2‐year follow‐up.ResultsRapid myelin imaging correlated with myelin‐related stains (proteolipid protein immunostaining and Luxol fast blue) and demonstrated good precision. Multiple sclerosis patients had, relative to controls, lower normalized whole‐brain and normal‐appearing white matter myelin fractions, which correlated with baseline cognitive and physical disability. Longitudinally, these myelin fractions correlated with follow‐up physical disability, even with correction for baseline disability.InterpretationRapid Estimation of Myelin for Diagnostic Imaging provides robust myelin quantification that detects diffuse demyelination in normal‐appearing tissue in multiple sclerosis, which is associated with both cognitive and clinical disability. Because the technique is fast, with automatic postprocessing and US Food and Drug Administration/CE clinical approval, it can be a clinically feasible biomarker that may be suitable to monitor myelin dynamics and evaluate treatments aiming at remyelination. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:710–724
Determination of Physicochemical Properties, Fatty Acid, Tocopherol, Sterol, and Phenolic Profiles of Expeller–Pressed Poppy Seed Oils from Turkey
Authors: Aksoylu Özbek Zeynep , Günç Ergönül Pelin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, the aim was to characterize the physicochemical properties and some bioactive compounds of expeller‐pressed oils of five registered poppy seed varieties (TMO–1, Ofis–8, Ofis–96, Ofis–95, Ofis–3) grown in Turkey. The amounts of total carotenoids, chlorophylls, phenols, and antioxidant activities of oils ranged between 0.08–0.24 mg 100 g−1, 0.03–9.04 mg pheophytin a kg−1, 3.41–8.57 mg gallic acid equivalent 100 g−1, and 5.60–7.33 mM Trolox equivalent 100 g−1, respectively. The most abundant fatty acid in poppy seed oils was linoleic acid (69.85–74.02%), followed by oleic acid (13.98–16.99%), and palmitic acid (8.51–9.75%). In addition, poppy seed oils were rich in β–sitosterol (133.47–153.42 mg 100 g−1), campesterol (45.36–58.60 mg 100 g−1), and δ–5–avenasterol (28.21–39.40 mg 100 g−1). High amounts of γ–tocopherol and α–tocopherol were detected. This research is the first study, which identified and quantified the polyphenol, β–carotene, and lutein compounds of expeller–pressed poppy seed oils by HPLC. Tyrosol, apigenin, syringic acid, 3–hydroxytyrosol, luteolin, p–coumaric acid, quercetin, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, and veratric acid were detected in expeller‐pressed poppy seed oils.
Electrospray flow rate influenced the sized of functionalized soot nanoparticles
Authors: Surib Nur Atiqah , Mohd Paad Khairunnisa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA common method in the synthesis of functionalized carbon particles such as laser ablation of graphite required time and complicated method. Therefore, electrospraying method was used to synthesize functionalized candle soot particles. Electrospraying method uses electric force to produce monodispersed micro and nanoparticles. Thus, the flow rates and voltages were manipulated to investigate the size of functionalized soot particles and Taylor cone‐jet formation. In this study, soot was collected through direct burning of candles and functionalized with 1 M of nitric acid in 9 hr. The electrospray was set up at 27°C by applied high voltage 6.6 to 8.7 kV to the needle (23 G) with an internal diameter of 0.34 mm, aluminum foil as a collector, and tip to collector distance of 10 cm. The process parameters were manipulated by varying the flow rate from 0.3, 0.5, and 0.8 to 1.0 ml/hr. The functionalized soot particles size and morphology were examined using a digital microscope and processed using ImageJ software. The particles diameter increased from 1.23 up to 2.46 μm when the flow rate increased from 0.3 to 1.0 ml/hr. This is due to increase volume of solution ejected from the needle, which inhibits the solvent from evaporating.
Multifunctional hybrid polymer nanocomposites for automotive‐battery packaging
Authors: Yoo Joung Eun , Roev Victor , Bae Joonho , Yoon Du‐Seop , Kim Sung‐Dug , Lee Eun‐Sung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGlobal sales of new electric vehicles (EV) already passed a million units last year. Lithium‐ion battery packs are composed of cells and assembly of modules. Nevertheless, the development of light‐weighted with high oxygen and moisture barrierability remains one of the untouched issues in battery technology. This study aimed to fabricate multifunctional hybrid nanocomposites for barrier films for Li‐ion battery packs on electric vehicles applications. The synthesized carbon supported MgO nanoparticles (hereafter referred to as CSMO) were dispersed in high density polyethylene (HDPE) polymer to satisfy several requirements for EV battery packs. The loading amount of MgO was achieved up to 22 wt % of carbon, and the size distribution was in the range of 50 to 100 nm. The hybrid nanocomposites were characterized by water‐vapor transmission rate (WVTR), various spectroscopic methods, thermo‐gravimetric analysis and elemental analysis. Mechanical properties were also tested. The extremely low WVTR value of CSMO/HDPE composites below 0.5 mgm−2 day−1 is the lowest value among any other gas barrier films reported in the literature. Suitable mechanical properties were also achieved. The newly proposed multifunctional hybrid nanocomposites would be very promising for barrier films on automotive packaging applications.
Lignin solvated in zwitterionic Good's buffers displays antibacterial synergy against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Grossman Adam B. , Rice Kelly C. , Vermerris Wilfred 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe volume of industrial lignin is expected to increase with the deployment of biorefineries that convert lignocellulosic biomass to renewable chemicals and fuels. Interest in using lignin for value‐added biomedical applications requires understanding of its effects on mammalian and microbial cells, which has been impaired by the toxicity of the solvents used to solubilize lignin. In this study, lignin is solvated in zwitterionic Good's buffers compatible with culture media. Up to 100 mg lignin can be solvated in 1 ml of 3‐morpholinopropane‐1‐sulfonic acid (MOPS, pH 7.2) within 60 min at room temperature, whereby MOPS acts as a chaotropic agent. The addition of MOPS‐solvated lignin to cultures of Staphylococcus aureus UAMS‐1 containing a subinhibitory concentration of tunicamycin reduced growth more than 99% compared to tunicamycin alone, making lignin of interest as an antibiotic adjuvant. This effect of lignin is attributed to damage to the bacterial cell membrane.
Microsatellite markers for Anthericum ramosum: Development, characterization, and cross‐species amplification
Authors: Vít Petr , Krak Karol , Douda Jan , Mandák Bohumil 
Published: February 2020

PremiseA set of polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci was developed and tested for use in population genetic analyses of Anthericum ramosum (Agavaceae) and related species.Methods and ResultsSequences of 110 primers were extracted in silico from Illumina MiSeq genome skimming data. The degree of polymorphism of 19 loci was tested in four A. ramosum populations collected in Central and Eastern Europe. The average number of alleles per loci ranged from two to 17, and levels of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and from 0.100 to 0.900, respectively. Primers were successfully amplified in the closely related species A. liliago (12 loci) and Chlorophytum comosum (six loci), whereas they mostly failed to amplify in the phylogenetically more‐distant species Muscari comosum (three loci) and M. tenuiflorum (no amplification).ConclusionsThis newly developed set of polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers will be useful for population genetic investigation of A. ramosum and closely related species.