bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revising Audit Plans to Address Fraud Risk: A Case of “Do as I Advise, Not as I Do”?*
Authors: Bauer Tim D. , Hillison Sean M. , Peecher Mark E. , Pomeroy Bradley 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTPrior research documents that auditors fail to revise audit plans to effectively address identified fraud cues. While auditors may understand what evidence would address such cues, we propose that auditors fail to apply this understanding because they use implemental mindsets when making decisions for themselves (i.e., deciding). However, we also propose that auditors use deliberative mindsets when advising. To test our predictions, we assign auditors to a decider or an advisor role in a realistic case that contains seeded fraud cues and asks them to consider revising last year's plan. We also manipulate whether the case prompts auditors to revise the plan unconventionally. Results indicate decider‐condition auditors use implemental mindsets: Prompted deciders follow the unconventional plan without regard to underlying fraud risk and unprompted deciders stick with the same‐as‐last‐year plan. Advisor‐condition auditors use more deliberative mindsets: In the prompt and no prompt conditions, they identify plans that are strongly linked to their own fraud risk assessments and that better align with experts' recommended plan for effectively addressing the seeded fraud cues. Supplemental analyses suggest deciding and advising auditors both follow the experts' plan when they believe in its potential effectiveness but, after controlling for the influence of perceived effectiveness, deciding auditors follow it to a greater extent simply because they believe the PCAOB wants it. By contrast, advising auditors do not exhibit signs of excessive PCAOB influence. Our findings provide evidence that seeking informal advice (or thinking like an advisor) helps auditors to effectively revise audit plans in response to identified fraud risk—it helps when a prompt is present or not, suggesting it complements rather than merely substitutes for interventions meant to improve auditors' judgment and decision making.
GCM compareR: A web application to assess differences and assist in the selection of general circulation models for climate change research
Authors: Fajardo Javier , Corcoran Derek , Roehrdanz Patrick R. , Hannah Lee , Marquet Pablo A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Climate change research often relies on downscaled general circulation models (GCM), projections of future scenarios that are used to build ecological and evolutionary models. With more than 35 different GCMs widely available at a resolution of 10 km and finer, standardized methods to understand the differences among GCM projections in a region of interest and to choose which GCM to use for analysis are essential to maximize relevance to policy and to assure a proper treatment of uncertainty.

To help researchers and policymakers understand and select form the range of available GCM scenarios, we have developed GCM compareR, an open‐source web application written in r using shiny. GCM compareR is freely accessible with an easy interactive user interface, has preloaded climate scenario data to increase the speed of analysis and is fully documented to ensure reproducibility. Users of the application need no prior experience in coding.

GCM compareR is designed to compare GCMs and different climate change scenarios to provide full, documented exploration of the possible alternative futures from within the range of projections in CMIP5 climate models. Designed with a wide group of users in mind, including ecologists, conservationists and policymakers, the application is designed to adapt analyses to any geographic area of interest. Results are provided as figures, tables and maps that clearly communicate the differences among model projections for the region. Additionally, the tool allows for the export of a report that records the parameter choices and results of a session, along with contextual information, to make the analysis fully transparent and replicable.
On the Stickiness of Territorial Stigma: Diverging Experiences in Amsterdam’s Most Notorious Neighbourhood
Authors: Pinkster Fenne M. , Ferier Marijn S. , Hoekstra Myrte S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn Western Europe, a select number of “ghettos” are at the forefront of public anxieties about urban inequality and failed integration. These notorious neighbourhoods at the bottom of the moral spatial order are imagined as different and disconnected from the rest of the city. This paper examines how residents in Amsterdam Bijlmer, a peripheral social housing estate long portrayed as the Dutch ghetto, experience the symbolic denigration of their neighbourhood. Interviews show that all residents are highly aware of the negative racial, cultural and material stereotypes associated with their neighbourhood. However, these negative stereotypes are not equally felt: territorial stigma “sticks” more to some residents than others and substantial inequalities are observed in who carries the burden of renegotiating blemish of place. Differential engagement with stigma depends on how residents’ identity and the materiality of their surroundings intersect with stigmatising narratives of place.
For diffident geographies and modest activisms: Questioning the ANYTHING‐BUT‐GENTLE academy
Authors: Horton John 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis commentary interleaves autoethnographic reflections and qualitative data to develop two critical reflections on “gentleness” in contemporary spaces of academia and activism. First, somewhat autoethnographically, I question how normative styles of academic performance and self‐presentation often lead us to efface and devalue gentleness, and be complicit in presenting ourselves and performing research in ways that are ANYTHING‐BUT‐GENTLE. I argue that, consequently, all kinds of everyday academic awkwardnesses, worries, and anxieties have come to be positioned as non‐normative personal‐professional failings. Second, reflecting on research with young anti‐austerity activists in England, I consider the unsettling, but often characteristic, presence of modesty, awkwardness, and self‐doubt in spaces of activism. I argue that normative idealisations of “impact” within the contemporary academy can often lead us to value only those modes of social impact which are unabashedly substantial, muscular, large‐scale, self‐confident, and readily narratable as such. By contrast, I am often struck by the way that affirmative, transformative activisms are done and described in ways which are much more hesitant, self‐doubtful, or modest than this: for example, through narratives of “just getting on,” “just coping,” or “just what we do.” Through these reflections I argue that an attunement to gentleness should permit greater appreciation of awkwardness, diffidence, shyness, modesty, and self‐doubt in spaces of academia and activism. Moreover, I argue that these kinds of gentleness might form points of critique and solidarity within and against the ANYTHING‐BUT‐GENTLE academy.
Ordovician tectonic shift in the western North China Craton constrained by stratigraphic and geochronological analyses
Authors: Sun Jiaopeng , Dong Yunpeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe western North China Craton (W‐NCC) comprises the Alxa Terrane in the west and the Ordos Block in the east; they are separated by the Helanshan Tectonic Belt (HTB). There is an extensive debate regarding the significant Ordovician tectonic setting of the W‐NCC. Most paleogeographic reconstructions emphasized the formation and rapid subsidence of an aulacogen along the HTB during the Middle–Late Ordovician, whereas paleomagnetic and geochronologic results suggested that the Alxa Terrane and the Ordos Block were independent blocks separated by the HTB. In this study, stratigraphic and geochronologic methods were used to constrain the Ordovician tectonic processes of the W‐NCC. Stratigraphic correlations show that the Early Ordovician strata comprise ~500‐m‐thick tidal flat and lagoon carbonate successions with a progressive eastward onlap, featuring a west‐deepening shallow‐water carbonate shelf. In contrast, the Late Ordovician strata are composed of ~3,000‐m‐thick abyssal turbidites in the west and ~400‐m‐thick shallow‐water carbonates in the east, defining an eastward‐tapering basin architecture. Early Ordovician detrital zircons with ages of ~2,800–1,700 Ma were derived from the Ordos Block; the Late Ordovician turbidites were sourced from the western Alxa Terrane, based on zircon ages clustered at ~1,000–900 Ma. The petrographic modal composition and zircon age distribution imply a provenance shift from a stable craton to a recycled orogen in the Middle Ordovician. These shifts define a tectonic conversion from a passive continental margin to a foreland basin at ~467 Ma, resulting in the eastward progradation of the turbidite wedge around the HTB, the eastward backstepping of the carbonate platform in the east and the eastward expansion of orogenic thrusting in the western Alxa Terrane. This tectono‐sedimentary shift coincided with the advancing subduction of the southern Paleo‐Asian Ocean beneath the Alxa Terrane, generating the western Alxa continental arc and the paired retro‐arc foredeep in the east under a compressional tectonic regime.
Deep trade agreements and vertical FDI: The devil is in the details
Authors: Osnago Alberto , Rocha Nadia , Ruta Michele 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough pre‐1990s preferential trade agreements focused mostly on tariff liberalization, recent agreements increasingly contain deep provisions in diverse areas, such as intellectual property rights, investment and standards. At the same time, there has been a remarkable increase in the internationalization of production through foreign direct investment and outsourcing. This paper studies how deep trade agreements affect the international organization of production. Using new measures of the depth and content of preferential trade agreements and of vertical foreign direct investment, the analysis finds evidence that the depth of trade agreements is correlated with vertical foreign direct investment. Furthermore, this relationship is driven by the provisions that improve the contractibility of inputs provided by suppliers, such as standards, while provisions that increase the contractibility of headquarter services, such as intellectual property rights and investment protection, are generally negatively correlated with foreign investment. This finding is consistent with the so‐called “property rights” theory of the multinational firm according to which improving the contractibility of an input reduces the importance of giving incentives through ownership.
Exercise training improves sleep quality: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jurado‐Fasoli Lucas , De‐la‐O Alejandro , Molina‐Hidalgo Cristina , Migueles Jairo H. , Castillo Manuel J. , Amaro‐Gahete Francisco J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundExercise holds promise as a non‐pharmacological intervention for the improvement of sleep quality. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of different training modalities on sleep quality parameters.Material & methodsA total of 69 (52.7% women) middle‐aged sedentary adults were randomized to (a) control group, (b) physical activity recommendation from the World Health Organization, (c) high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) and (d) high‐intensity interval training group adding whole‐body electromyostimulation training (HIITEMS). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale and accelerometers.ResultsAll intervention groups showed a lower PSQI global score (all P < .022). HIIT‐EMS group improved all accelerometer parameters, with higher total sleep time and sleep efficiency, and lower wake after sleep onset (all P < .016). No differences were found between groups in any sleep quality parameter.ConclusionIn conclusion, exercise training induced an improvement in subjective sleep quality in sedentary middleaged adults. Moreover, HIIT‐EMS training showed an improvement in objective sleep quality parameters (total sleep time, sleep efficiency and wake after sleep onset) after 12 weeks of exercise intervention. The changes observed in the HIIT‐EMS group were not statistically different to the other exercise modalities.
Informing management decisions for ecological networks, using dynamic models calibrated to noisy time‐series data
Authors: Adams Matthew P. , Sisson Scott A. , Helmstedt Kate J. , Baker Christopher M. , Holden Matthew H. , Plein Michaela , Holloway Jacinta , Mengersen Kerrie L. , McDonald‐Madden Eve 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWell‐intentioned environmental management can backfire, causing unforeseen damage. To avoid this, managers and ecologists seek accurate predictions of the ecosystem‐wide impacts of interventions, given small and imprecise datasets, which is an incredibly difficult task. We generated and analysed thousands of ecosystem population time series to investigate whether fitted models can aid decision‐makers to select interventions. Using these time‐series data (sparse and noisy datasets drawn from deterministic Lotka‐Volterra systems with two to nine species, of known network structure), dynamic model forecasts of whether a species’ future population will be positively or negatively affected by rapid eradication of another species were correct > 70% of the time. Although 70% correct classifications is only slightly better than an uninformative prediction (50%), this classification accuracy can be feasibly improved by increasing monitoring accuracy and frequency. Our findings suggest that models may not need to produce well‐constrained predictions before they can inform decisions that improve environmental outcomes.
Prostaglandin E2 and its receptor EP2 trigger signaling that contributes to YAP‐mediated cell competition
Authors: Ishihara Erika , Nagaoka Yuya , Okuno Toshiaki , Kofuji Satoshi , Ishigami‐Yuasa Mari , Kagechika Hiroyuki , Kamimura Kenya , Terai Shuji , Yokomizo Takehiko , Sugimoto Yukihiko , Fujita Yasuyuki , Suzuki Akira , Nishina Hiroshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCell competition is a biological process by which unfit cells are eliminated from “cell society.” We previously showed that cultured mammalian epithelial Madin‐Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells expressing constitutively active YAP were eliminated by apical extrusion when surrounded by “normal” MDCK cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the elimination of active YAP‐expressing cells was unknown. Here, we used high‐throughput chemical compound screening to identify cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) as a key molecule triggering cell competition. Our work shows that COX‐2‐mediated PGE2 secretion engages its receptor EP2 on abnormal and nearby normal cells. This engagement of EP2 triggers downstream signaling via an adenylyl cyclase‐cyclic AMP‐PKA pathway that, in the presence of active YAP, induces E‐cadherin internalization leading to apical extrusion. Thus, COX‐2‐induced PGE2 appears a warning signal to both abnormal and surrounding normal cells to drive cell competition.
OPN4 belongs to the photosensitive system of the human skin
Authors: Kusumoto Junya , Takeo Makoto , Hashikawa Kazunobu , Komori Takahide , Tsuji Takashi , Terashi Hiroto , Sakakibara Shunsuke 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe human skin has previously been described to be affected by light; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. OPN4 (melanopsin) expression was first identified in the skin of amphibians; however, whether it is also expressed and functioned in the human skin has not yet been identified. Here, we show that OPN4 was expressed in the human skin tissue and cultures of isolated keratinocytes, melanocytes and fibroblasts. Additionally, Ca2+ influx in vitro and ex vivo and phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1/2 in human fibroblasts were observed by stimulation of blue light irradiation. Notably, our findings showed that this Ca2+ influx and phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1/2 are promoted in an intensity‐dependent manner, indicating that the light signal is converted to an intracellular signal via OPN4 in the human skin. Overall, in this study we showed that the human skin functions as a photoreceptor by demonstrating that in human skin, the photoreceptive protein was expressed, and photoreception was conducted via photoreceptive protein.
Mesenchymal tumours with RREB1–MRTFB fusion involving the mediastinum: extra‐glossal ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumours?
Authors: Makise Naohiro , Mori Taisuke , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Nakagawa Kazuo , Ryo Eijitsu , Nakajima Jun , Kohsaka Shinji , Mano Hiroyuki , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Yoshida Akihiko , Ushiku Tetsuo 
Published: January 2020

AimsEctomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumour (ECT) is a rare benign intraoral tumour which almost exclusively presents as a small mass of the anterior dorsal tongue. Recently, the RREB1–MRTFB (previously known as MKL2) fusion gene has been identified in 90% of ECTs, all located in the tongue, emphasising its genetic distinctiveness. Here, we report two mesenchymal tumours involving the superior mediastinum of adult women with RREB1–MRTFB fusions.Methods and resultsBoth tumours presented as well‐circumscribed paravertebral masses that were clinically suspected to be schwannoma. After fragmented resection, recurrence was not observed at 27 and 18 months. Although tumours were originally unclassifiable, next‐generation sequencing detected identical RREB1 (exon 8)–MRTFB (exon 11) fusion transcripts, which were validated by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, and fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation. Both tumours shared hyalinised areas with round cells embedded in a cord or reticular manner. The tumour cells showed mild nuclear atypia of possible degenerative type with very low mitotic activity, and were at least focally positive for S100, glial fibrillary acidic protein, smooth muscle actin and epithelial membrane antigen. Overall, these findings suggest that they may represent previously undescribed extra‐glossal ECT involving the mediastinum. However, the histology was not classic for ECT, because that in case 2 was predominated by storiform growth of spindle cells, whereas the tumour in case 1 lacked myxoid change.ConclusionsWe have provided the first evidence that RREB1–MRTFB fusion is not limited to tumours in the head region, and whether such tumours represent extra‐glossal ECTs requires further research.
Glass anodes for lithium ion batteries: Insight from the structural evolution during discharging/charging
Authors: Zhang Yanfei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlasses are promising anode materials for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their unique open network structures and the absence of grain boundaries. Upon discharging/charging, both the capacity and cycle life of the glass anodes can be affected through their structural evolutions. This review article highlights the recent research advances in improving and understanding the electrochemical performances of various types of glass anodes. Both the SnO‐ and GeO2‐based glass anodes suffer from the high initial capacity loss and short cycle life. The origin of the first‐cycle irreversible capacity loss is discussed primarily from the structural evolution with cycles, that is, forming metallic Sn/Ge in the glass matrix. Recently, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in enhancing cycling stability and capacity of the anode materials by means of the disorder‐order engineering with respect to the V2O5–TeO2 glass systems. In addition, the most recent advances in the applications of dual‐phase glass anodes in LiBs are reviewed. This article gives an overview of the applications of the glass anodes, as well as deals with the structural factors affecting their electrochemical performances. A deeper understanding of these factors will enable further steps toward improvement and application of the glass anodes for LIBs.
Long‐term outcomes of dialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease patients requiring critical care: an observational matched cohort study
Authors: Secombe Paul , Moynihan Gerard , McAnulty Greg ,   the Alice Springs Hospital Renal‐ICU Research Group
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of dialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD5D) patients in Australia is increasing.AimsTo describe the long‐term outcome and resource utilisation of CKD5D patients requiring critical care admission.MethodsRetrospective matched cohort study conducted in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Alice Springs Hospital. CKD5D patients admitted between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2013 were matched by sex, age, Indigenous status and APACHE III score in a 1:1 ratio with a patient without CKD5D. Primary outcome was mortality censored at 31 December 2018, to allow a minimum 5‐year follow up. Secondary outcomes explored resource use including ICU and hospital length of stay (LoS).ResultsDuring the study period, 178 (9%) admissions were coded as having CKD5D, 148 (83%) of which were successfully matched. CKD5D patients were older (52 vs 49 years, P < 0.01), with more chronic cardiovascular disease (34 vs 23%, P < 0.01). Five‐year mortality was similar (49.5 vs 41.5%, P = 0.28), with a significantly longer time to death in the CKD5D cohort (1179 vs 341 days, P < 0.01). CKD5D patients had a shorter median ICU LoS (1.9 vs 3.0 days, P < 0.01) and lower rates of mechanical ventilation (12.2 vs 35.4%, P < 0.01).ConclusionCKD5D patients frequently require intensive care during acute illness. While they have an equivalent 5‐year survival rate, time to death is longer suggesting mortality is related to chronic disease progression rather than their acute illness. These results suggest the presence of CKD5D in isolation should not be a reason to limit critical care.
Shifting factor—A new paradigm for studying the rheology of cementitious suspensions
Authors: Mantellato Sara , Flatt Robert J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOne of the main challenges when studying the rheology of cementitious systems is that cement particles are large and susceptible to gravity, in particular in dispersed systems. This implies that the range of volume fractions over which rheological properties of cement pastes can be measured is limited, as too high water content causes segregation and too low water content results in pastes that are too cohesive to measure. Consequently, the impact of the volume fraction of solids on yield stress is still not reliably established. A similar situation is encountered when studying cementitious systems with superplasticizers, whose impact is highly dependent on dosage. An important issue here is that admixture effects cannot be reliably established with respect to nonadmixed references as the latter ones can most often not be measured at the volume fractions for which admixed pastes do not segregate. The “Shifting factor” approach presented in this paper overcomes this long‐standing issue establishing exponential dependences of yield stress both with respect to volume fraction and admixture adsorption.