bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focal Loss of the Paranodal Domain Protein Neurofascin155 in the Internal Capsule Impairs Cortically Induced Muscle Activity in Vivo.
Authors: Kunisawa Kazuo , Hatanaka Nobuhiko , Shimizu Takeshi , Kobayashi Kenta , Osanai Yasuyuki , Mouri Akihiro , Shi Qian , Bhat Manzoor A. , Nambu Atsushi , Ikenaka Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Paranodal axoglial junctions are essential for rapid nerve conduction and the organization of axonal domains in myelinated axons. Neurofascin155 (Nfasc155) is a glial cell adhesion molecule that is also required for the assembly of these domains. Previous studies have demonstrated that general ablation of Nfasc155 disorganizes these domains, reduces conduction velocity, and disrupts motor behaviors. Multiple sclerosis (MS), a typical disorder of demyelination in the central nervous system, is reported to have autoantibody to Nfasc155. However, the impact of focal loss of Nfasc155, which may occur in MS patients, remains unclear. Here, we examined whether restricted focal loss of Nfasc155 affects the electrophysiological properties of the motor system in vivo. Adeno-associated virus type5 (AAV5) harboring EGFP-2A-Cre was injected into the glial-enriched internal capsule of floxed-Neurofascin (NfascFlox/Flox) mice to focally disrupt paranodal junctions in the cortico-fugal fibers from the motor cortex to the spinal cord. Electromyograms (EMGs) of the triceps brachii muscles in response to electrical stimulation of the motor cortex were successively examined in these awake mice. EMG analysis showed significant delay in the onset and peak latencies after AAV injection compared to control (Nfasc+/+) mice. Moreover, EMG half-widths were increased, and EMG amplitudes were gradually decreased by 13 weeks. Similar EMG changes have been reported in MS patients. These findings provide physiological evidence that motor outputs are obstructed by focal ablation of paranodal junctions in myelinated axons. Our findings may open a new path toward development of a novel biomarker for an early phase of human MS, as Nfasc155 detects microstructural changes in the paranodal junction.
ZnO-NWs/Metallic Glass Nanotube Hybrid Arrays: Fabrication and Material Characterization
Authors: Weldegrum Getabalew Shifera , Singh Pragya , Huang Bohr-Ran , Chiang Ting-Yen , Tseng Kuan-Wei , Yu Chun-Ju , Ji Chen , Chu Jinn 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this work, we fabricated first-ever nanohybrid ZnO nanowires (ZnO-NWs)/Metallic Nanotube Arrays (MeNTA) structure for the large-scale fabrication of highly dense laterally and vertical aligned ZnO-NWs. To prepare heterogeneous surface MeNTA by using sputter-deposition of different metallic glass Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5), Cu47Zr42Al7Ti4, Pd72Cu12Si16, W50Ni25B25 and Ni54B0.3Si36Cr2.7Fe7) over on contact-hole arrays created by a photoresist template with 650 nm height and various diameter (2, 10 and 20 µm). A ZnO seed layer is deposited by sputtering method on MeNTA to provide the nucleation sites to grow the nanowires inside the MeNTA. To perform the material analysis like surface morphology, crystal structural, and optical properties were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL), respectively. Our results confirm that, the nanowires are single crystal with hexagonal wurtzite structure presenting strong UV emissions can be used in optoelectronics, sensors, piezoelectric-nanogenerator, solar cells and battery applications in near future.
Reactivity and Increased Proliferation of NG2 Cells Following Central Nervous System Infection With Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus
Authors: Bell Laura A , Wallis Glenna J , Wilcox Karen S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNeuron-Glial Antigen 2 (NG2) cells are a glial cell type tiled throughout the grey and white matter of the Central Nervous System (CNS). NG2 cells are known for their ability to differentiate into oligodendrocytes and are commonly referred to as oligodendrocyte precursor cells. However, recent investigations have begun to identify additional functions of NG2 cells in CNS health and pathology. NG2 cells form physical and functional connections with neurons and other glial cell types throughout the CNS, allowing them to monitor and respond to the neural environment. Growing evidence indicates that NG2 cells become reactive under pathological conditions, though their specific roles are only beginning to be elucidated. While reactive microglia and astrocytes are well-established contributors to neuroinflammation and the development of epilepsy following CNS infection, the dynamics of NG2 cells remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated NG2 cell reactivity in a viral-induced mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. MethodsC57BL6/J mice were injected intracortically with Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis 36 Virus (TMEV) or PBS. Mice were graded twice daily for seizures between 3–7 days post-injection (dpi). At 4 and 14 dpi, brains were fixed and stained for NG2, the microglia/macrophage marker IBA1, and the proliferation marker Ki-67. Confocal z-stacks were acquired in both the hippocampus and the overlying cortex. Total field areas stained by each cell marker and total field area of colocalized pixels between NG2 and Ki67 were compared between groups. ResultsBoth NG2 cells and microglia/macrophages displayed increased immunoreactivity and reactive morphologies in the hippocampus of TMEV-injected mice. While increased immunoreactivity for IBA1 was also present in the cortex, there was no significant change in NG2 immunoreactivity in the cortex following TMEV-infection. Colocalization analysis for NG2 and Ki-67 revealed a significant increase in overlap between NG2 and Ki-67 in the hippocampus of TMEV-injected mice at both timepoints, but no significant differences in cortex.ConclusionsNG2 cells acquire a reactive phenotype and proliferate in response to TMEV-infection. These results suggest that NG2 cells alter their function in response to viral encephalopathy, making them potential targets to prevent the development of epilepsy following viral infection.
The Association Between Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Microglial Polarization in Spinal Cord Injury: Nicotine as an Alternative Therapy for Neuroinflammation
Authors: Badripour Abolfazl , Moradi Kamyar , Soltani Zahra Ebrahim , Bagheri Sayna , Azar Pasha Reza Shams , Hashemizadeh Shiva , Khavandi Mohammad Mahdi , Khavandi Marzieh , Ahmadi Seyed Mohsen , Dehpour Ahmad Reza 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Nicotine is an agonist of alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). The association between the expression of α7 nAChR and neuroinflammation has been extensively reported. Herein, we assessed the efficacy of Nicotine in the management of spinal cord injury (SCI) complications and mediating mechanisms.Methods: In this study, 64 male rats were randomly allocated to 7 SCI and a sham-operated groups. SCI was induced through an aneurysmal clip at the T9/T10 level. The group list consists of a non-treated group as the control, four Nicotine-treated groups receiving 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 3 mg/kg of the drug, a Methyllycaconitine (MLA, 1.5 mg/kg)-treated group, a group of rodents receiving MLA plus the most effective dosage of Nicotine, and a sham one. Locomotion and mechanical allodynia were assessed during 28 days using the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) and von Frey methods, respectively. In the end, spinal cord samples were taken to assess cavity formation, the expression levels of M1 and M2 macrophages, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, as well as α7 nAChR and NF-κB gene levels.Results: Repeated measures analysis revealed significant effect of time-treatment interaction on locomotion [F (42, 336) = 120.2, p < 0.001] and mechanical sensitivity [F (35, 280) = 45.47, p < 0.001]. Behavioral response to Nicotine was dose-dependent, and 1 mg/kg of this reagent was the most efficient dosage. H&E staining represented lesser histopathological disruptions in Nicotine-treated animals. SCI increased the M1/M2 ratio (p < 0.001) via shifting macrophages polarization towards M1 subset and 1 mg/kg of Nicotine could attenuate this ratio (p < 0.001) through reversing the shift. Meanwhile, Nicotine administration resulted in a significant elevation of α7 nAChR and a reduction of NF-κB genes. Finally, in the Nicotine group, there were declines in the levels pro-inflammatory biomarkers, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, while IL-10 was found higher than the control group (p values < 0.05). MLA-treated groups showed almost none of the aforementioned alterations. Conclusion: Single-dose therapy with Nicotine could improve locomotor and sensory complications of SCI. Nicotine possible mechanism of action is through increasing the α7 nAChR level, which alleviates neuro-inflammation by changing microglial phenotyping.
Relationship between the dynamic changes of serum 2019-nCoV IgM/IgG and patient immunity after discharged six months
Authors: Shen Yinfeng , Ba Yuanming , Hu Yaling , Wang Linqun , Li Weinan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives To investigate the relationship between the dynamic changes of serum 2019-nCoV IgM/IgG and immunity alteration for patients after discharged six months. Methods 1 with IgM(+) and IgG(-), 32 with IgM(+) and IgG(+), 38 with IgM(-) and IgG(+), and 40 with IgM(-) and IgG(-) were included. Demographic data were collected. IgM and IgG antibodies, hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and lymphocyte subsets in serum were determined on weeks 0, 2 and 4. Results Hs-CRP and IL-6 for all patients were within the normal ranges. All testing items of the lymphocyte subsets were 12/110 (10.9%) of weeks 0, 15/110 (13.6%) of weeks 2 and 18/110 (16.4%) of weeks 4 within the normal ranges. The percentages of CD8+, NK cells and B lymphocytes in the IgM(+) and IgG(+) group were quite different from the IgM(-) and IgG(+) group and the IgM(-)and IgG(-) group, with much more the percentages of CD8+ and much less the percentages of NK cells and B lymphocytes on weeks 0, 2 and 4. 12 patients with IgM(+) had converted to IgM(-) in the IgM(+) and IgG(+) group, and the percentages of NK cells and B lymphocytes were significantly increased on weeks 4.Conclusions The changes of serum IgM and IgG are closely related to immunity for patients in recovery stage. However, immunity isn't recovery with the turning negative of antibodies.
Modelling Internet of Things (IoT) driven global sustainability in multi-tier agri-food supply chain under natural epidemic outbreaks
Authors: Yadav Sanjeev , Luthra Sunil , Garg Dixit 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The resilience of Agri-Food Supply Chain (AFSC) due to recent epidemics outbreak (COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2) has not been matching with, globalisation of AFSC, and complicated networking system of AFSC and thus poses huge global sustainable issues. Thus, the aim of this research is the modelling of the sustainable AFSC secure mechanism managed through different emerging application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology (Blockchain, Robotics, Big data analysis and Cloud computing). Competitive Supply Chain Management (SCM) needs cautious incorporation of multi- tiers suppliers, specifically during dealing with globalised sustainability issues. Firms have been advancing towards their multi suppliers for driving social and environments and economical practices. This paper also studies the interrelationship and their cause and effect magnitude among various enablers contributing to IoT based food secure model. The methodology used in the paper is Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) for establishing interrelationship among the variables and Fuzzy-Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (F-DEMATEL) to provide the magnitude of the cause‒effect strength of the hierarchical framework. Finally, this paper has limitation of taking only factors related to food security system by considering present natural epidemics of COVID-19. In future, other dimensions of AFSC may be considered based on COVID-19 epidemics effect on AFSC.
Exploring the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors through molecular dynamics and binding free energy simulations
Authors: PINHEIRO ANDREY , XAVIER GABRIEL , SIQUEIRA ANDREI , LIMA ALEX , AGUIAR DÉLIA , GONÇALVES EVONNILDO 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In December 2019, in the city of Wuhan in China, a novel Coronavirus was identified as the causative agent of a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, later called Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since the identification of the agent and sequencing of its genome, proteases such as 3CLpro and PLprothat participate in the viral cycle have been identified as possible pharmacological targets. This study aimed to evaluate the affinity of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro (PDB 6LU7) concerning promising binders identified by other studies using virtual screening against the ZINC database and other molecules within the possibility of inhibiting the protease, such as Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine, and Remdesivir. Around 1,140 ns of molecular dynamics simulations were performed to evaluate stability and binding free energy values of protein-ligand complexes (60 ns for each ligand). The estimated affinity, based on 5000 frames trajectories, revealed that N3, 11b, remdesivir and a ZINC database ligand are the most promising inhibitors of 3CLpro.Given that most studies present energy results based on docking runs and one-frame coordinates analyses, the results found may present a more accurate energy value and may help experimental approaches to developing a drug against COVID-19. Despite the importance of vaccine development, alternative strategies, such as specific viral inhibitors, are important to reduce the impact of the disease on people.
Precise adenine base editors that exhibit minimized cytosine catalysis
Authors: Jeong You Kyeong , Lee SeokHoon , Hwang Gue-Ho , Hong Sung-Ah , Park Se-eun , Kim Jin-Soo , Woo Jae-Sung , Bae Sangsu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Adenine base editors (ABEs) promise specific A-to-G conversions at genomic sites of interest. However, ABEs also induce cytosine deamination at the target DNA site and exhibit transcriptome-wide off-target RNA editing. To alleviate the ABE-mediated cytosine editing activity, here we engineered the commonly-used version of adenosine deaminase, TadA7.10, to contain rationally designed mutations. We ultimately found that ABE7.10 with a D108Q mutation in TadA7.10 exhibited greatly reduced cytosine deamination activity, and conversely, ABE7.10 containing a P48R mutation displayed increased cytosine deamination activity rather than adenine editing. We found that the D108Q mutation also reduces cytosine deamination activity in two recently-developed versions of ABE, ABE8e and ABE8s, and has a synergistic effect with V106W, a key mutation that reduces off-target RNA editing. On the other hand, by incorporating the P48R mutation into ABE7.10, we demonstrated TC-specific base editing tools that enable either TC-to-TT or TC-to-TG conversions, broadening the utility of base editors.
Palmitic acid increases HCK protein and gene expression levels in vascular smoot muscle cells
Authors: Ghasempour Ghasem , Zamani-Garmsiri Fahimeh , Mohammadi Asghar , Najafi Mohammad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background and Aims: Some saturated fatty acids are known to involve in atherosclerosis through different biologic pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of palmitic acid on the HCK gene and protein expression levels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods and Results: The cells were treated with palmitic acid (0.5 mM, 24 hours) on the cell viability assays. The HCK gene and protein expression levels were measured by real time q-PCR and western blot techniques, respectively. Oil Red O staining method was used to determine the intracellular lipid values. The HCK gene expression level was increased significantly in the PA-treated VSMCs (P 0.02). The total and phosphorylated HCK (p-HCK) protein expression levels increased in VSMCs. However, there was a significant increase in p-HCK value (P 0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that the palmitic acid increases p-HCK function so that it may affect the VSMC proliferation.
Self-rated health among people living with HIV in Spain in 2019: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ruiz-Algueró Marta , Hernando Victoria , Marcos Henar , Gutiérrez Gonzalo , Pérez-Elías Maria Jesus , de Quirós Juan Carlos López-Bernaldo , Pulido Federico , Górgolas Miguel , Sanz Jesus , Suarez-García Inés , Fernandez Maria Teresa , Losa Juan Emilio , Pérez Jose Luis , Ladrero Maria Oliva , Prieto Miguel Angel , González Gustavo , Izquierdo Ana , Viloria Luis Javier , López Irene , Martínez Eva , Castrillejo Daniel , Aranguren Rosa , Belmonte Maria Antonia , Aranda-García IV , Arraiza Antonio , Diaz Asuncion , Group the Hospital Survey Study 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: HIV infection has become a chronic disease and well-being of people living with HIV (PLHIV) is now of particular concern. The objectives of this paper are to describe self-rated health among PLHIV, on ART and on ART virally suppressed and to analyse its determinants. Methods: Data were obtained from a second-generation surveillance system based on a cross-sectional one-day survey in public hospitals. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected among HIV-infected inpatients and outpatients receiving HIV-related care the day of the survey in 86 hospitals in 2019. Self-rated health was measured using a question included in the National Health Survey: “In the last 12 months, how would you rate your health status?” Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. Factors associated with very good/good self-rated health were estimated using logistic regression.Results: Of 800 PLHIV, 67.5% perceived their health as very good/good, 68.4% among PLHIV on ART and 71.7% of those virally suppressed. Having a high educational level (aOR:2.1), being unemployed (aOR:0.3) or retired (aOR:0.2), ever being diagnosed of AIDS (aOR:0.6), comorbidities (aOR:0.3), less than 2 year since HIV diagnosis (aOR:0.3) and not receiving ART (aOR:0.3) were associated with good self-rated health. Moreover, among PLHIV on ART, viral load less than 200 copies (aOR:3.2) were related to better perceived health. Bad adherence was inversely associated with good self-rated health among PLHIV on ART and of those virally suppressed. Conclusions: Nearly seven in 10 PLHIV in Spain considered their health status as very good/good, being higher among virally suppressed PLHIV. Both demographic and clinical determinants affect quality of life.
Doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in detection of stent stenosis after iliac vein stenting
Authors: Liu Hong , Wang Jing , Zhao Yu. , Chen Zheng , Wang Dong , Wei Miao , Lv Fajin , Ye Xiaoping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasound (DUS) with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for detection of iliac vein stent stenosis using multidetector computed tomography venography (MDCTV) as the reference method.Methods: Patients with iliac vein obstructive disease treated with nitinol stents between January 2016 and December 2017 were consecutively included in this study. DUS, CEUS, and MDCTV were carried out in all patients within one week of each other at one year post stenting to investigate the presence of stent compression and in-stent restenosis (ISR). Results: The study included 139 patients (87 females; mean age 58 ± 15 years). For detecting stent compression, the kappa coefficient between the ultrasound modality of gray-scale imaging and MDCTV was 0.901, indicating very good agreement between these two modalities. ISR was detected in 50, 61, and 65 patients by DUS, CEUS, and MDCTV, respectively. DUS and CEUS (kappa=0.449) and DUS and MDCTV (kappa=0.516) had moderate agreement for ISR diagnosis, while for which CEUS and MDCTV (kappa 0.884) had very good agreement. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of DUS and CEUS for diagnosing ISR were 63.1% and 90.8%, 87.8% and 97.3%, 82.0% and 96.7%, and 73.0% and 92.3%, respectively.Conclusions: CEUS is superior to DUS in terms of diagnostic accuracy for the follow-up of patients with iliac vein stent stenosis.
Organizing as negotiation. The making of a pathway in Norwegian psychiatry.
Authors: Nesbø Tine Tørseth 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide a thorough examination on the making of a pathway in Norwegian Psychiatry. During the last decades, much research has examined implementations and outcomes of different public health sector reforms and services in Western societies. However, there has been a lack of research on the process and the making of these reforms and/or services, in particular how they emerge as constructs in context policy, profession and practice. Based on qualitative data and theories on institutional logics, it shows how the two main actor groups are guided by values belonging to a specific logic when understanding the concept of a clinical pathway. The findings show that actors within the political field believe in control and efficiency, in contrast to actors in psychiatry guided by values of discretion and autonomy. This led to a debate of the concept of clinical pathway and psychiatry. The discussion became a polarization between concerns for patients as opposed to efficiency concerns. The making of the pathway was led by the Directorate of health, health professionals operating in the political domain, and with knowledge on both logic`s values. The end result became a logistic pathway were both “logics” got to keep their values, but where the original aims were highly negotiated.
Impact of intensive training on mental health, the experience of Port Said, Egypt.
Authors: Bellizzi Saverio , Khalil Amal , Sawahel Ahmed , Nivoli Alessandra , Lorettu Liliana , Padrini Susanna 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Mental disorder is extremely common globally and integration of mental health in primary health services represents a critical gap especially in Low- and Middle-Income Countries like Egypt. The World Health Organization has repeatedly called for effective training and support of primary care providers in the identification and treatment of mental health problems over the last decades.
Methods
This paper aimed to evaluate attitudes and knowledge of health care providers toward mentally ill patients and measure knowledge and retention of training messages over time. A three-day mental health training workshop for nurses of public health facilities in the Governorate of Port Said was organized. Pre-training and post-training questionnaires (immediately after the workshop and three months later) were used. Significance of gain in scores was examined between baseline and following cross sectional rounds.
Results
The 73 participants at the study revealed a statistically significant improvement in knowledge and attitude toward mental health from the baseline (pre-training), from a general mean score for desirable answers of 10.5 (+/- 1.2) to 21.2 (+/- 0.6). However, results slightly declined after the months from the workshop (18.5 (+/- 0.6)).
Conclusions
Intensive short-term training on mental illness could be instrumental in improving knowledge and attitudes in a country like Egypt with extensive needs in terms of quality of comprehensive healthcare at primary and secondary level. However, additional evidence is needed to improve retention of information over time and to translate knowledge in clinical practice.