bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in nano-photonic techniques for pharmaceutical drug monitoring with emphasis on Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Frosch Timea , Knebl Andreas , Frosch Torsten 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Innovations in Raman spectroscopic techniques provide a potential solution to current problems in pharmaceutical drug monitoring. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in the field. The developments of novel plasmonic nanoparticles continuously push the limits of Raman spectroscopic detection. In surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), these particles are used for the strong local enhancement of Raman signals from pharmaceutical drugs. SERS is increasingly applied for forensic trace detection and for therapeutic drug monitoring. In combination with spatially offset Raman spectroscopy, further application fields could be addressed, e.g. in situ pharmaceutical quality testing through the packaging. Raman optical activity, which enables the thorough analysis of specific chiral properties of drugs, can also be combined with SERS for signal enhancement. Besides SERS, micro- and nano-structured optical hollow fibers enable a versatile approach for Raman signal enhancement of pharmaceuticals. Within the fiber, the volume of interaction between drug molecules and laser light is increased compared with conventional methods. Advances in fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy point at the high potential for continuous online drug monitoring in clinical therapeutic diagnosis. Furthermore, fiber-array based non-invasive Raman spectroscopic chemical imaging of tablets might find application in the detection of substandard and counterfeit drugs. The discussed techniques are promising and might soon find widespread application for the detection and monitoring of drugs in various fields.
Crystal structure of bis(3-methoxy-N-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazonato κ3
O,N,N′)zinc(II), C30H28N6O4Zn
Authors: Deng Xiao-Wei , Wu Wei-Na 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
C30H28N6O4Zn, orthorhombic, Aba2 (no. 41), a = 12.040(9) Å, b = 22.596(18) Å, c = 10.344(10) Å, V = 2814(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0463, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1435, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of (E)-2-cyano-N′-(1-(3-ethylpyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene)acetohydrazide, C11H3N5O
Authors: Gao Xiao-Li 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
C11H3N5O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.727(4) Å, b = 5.0572(12) Å, c = 15.452(4) Å, β = 105.007(4)°, V = 1187.1(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0408, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1123, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of 5-((bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)quinolin-8-ol, C22H20N4O
Authors: Jia Liu , Xu-Liang Nie , Zhong-Ping Yin , Da-Yong Peng , Xu-Gen Shi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
C22H20N4O, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 11.1861(14) Å, b = 8.1418(10) Å, c = 20.461(3) Å, β = 97.433(1)°, V = 1847.8(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0357, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1002, T = 296(2) K.
Introduction: Thirty Years of Borders Since Berlin
Authors: Myambo Melissa Tandiwe , Frassinelli Pier Paolo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
November 9, 2019 marked the 30th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, the physical and geopolitical barrier that divided Berlin and the East from the West. This event symbolically inaugurated the period of post-Cold War globalization. The birth of the World Wide Web that same year spurred on globalization and led many observers to believe that (national) borders had become passé. The zeitgeist seemed to promise a borderless world in which capitalism and democracy would flourish. However, instead, the last three decades have paradoxically borne witness to the proliferation, rescaling, and reinforcement of territorial and other types of borders – linguistic, religious, ethnic, class, racial, urban, cultural, digital, temporal etc. The contemporary preoccupation with borders and walls is the result of the “deglobalization” that is also, ironically, a global phenomenon – Brexit, Trump’s border wall, Israel’s concrete wall in the West Bank, xenophobia from South Africa to India to “Fortress Europe,” and the growing power of right wing authoritarian leaders in several nations. The resurgence of (ethno)nationalism, racism, white supremacy, isolationism, populism, protectionism, Islamophobia, anti-Semitism and religious fundamentalism are all dialectical consequences of this global backlash. This is the subject of this special issue.
Polymethine dyes
Authors: Mustroph Heinz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere are a lot of different dye classes with complete different chemical structures. On the basis of a common classification the term “polymethine dyes” was created in 1926. Common criteria are a conjugated polymethine chain with terminal functional groups and an odd number 2n + 3 ofπ-centers and 2n + 4π-electrons (nis the number of vinyl groups), the vinylene shift of the 0–0 vibronic transition of about 100 nm per vinyl group, the influence of substituents or heteroatoms according to Dewar´s Rules and a bathochromic shift by twisting of the polymethine chain according to the Brunings–Corwin effect.
The Battle of ‘Isms’ in Kate Chopin's the Awakening
Authors: Băniceru Cristina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article will focus primarily on the ending of The Awakening: A Solitary Soul, probably the most discussed and debated part of Kate Chopin’s novel. The ending can be best understood if the novel is read as an exercise in late Transcendentalist philosophy, with Gothic undertones, plus realist, social commentary and modernist concerns. Walt Whitman’s hedonism meets Guy de Maupassant’s melancholy in a novel that speaks about multiple awakenings (hedonistic, erotic, artistic) but also about several deaths, all necessary for the creation of a new female consciousness.
Healing Music in Pericles, the Winter’s Tale and The Tempest
Authors: Grigore Claudia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This essay examines the scenes in Shakespeare’s romances in which music has a healing and revitalizing power, but it also contains its own subversion. In Pericles, in the palace at Pentapolis, Pericles asks for a musical instrument, which he plays while he sings to himself. The wise doctor Cerimon revives Thaisa’s apparently dead body with the help of music in Pericles. In the final reunion scene with his daughter, Marina, the music of her voice has healing power for her father. In The Winter’s Tale, Hermione’s apparently lifeless statue is brought to life while music is playing. Finally, The Tempest is one of Shakespeare’s most musical plays, with songs and music and a masque reviving the action. Shakespeare used songs to establish the character or the mental state of the singer. Music and allusions to music in these plays’ scripts can be interpreted as forms of indirect and covert propaganda, attuned to the politics of the time, but also as individual musical parts, in which music has healing power over the mind. They are like the music of the soul, suggesting interiority. Music is used, therefore, to achieve theatrical effect.
Through a Reader Looking Glass. Olivia Manning’s the Balkan Trilogy
Authors: Goșa Codruța 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper explores the way in which Romanian readers, experts in literary studies, react to how Romania, Romanians are perceived by British foreigners travelling to Romania for the first time as instantiated in Olivia Manning’s The Balkan Trilogy. The trilogy is based on the author’s experience of living in Bucharest during WW II as wife of a British Council officer. The theoretical frame underpinning the study draws on reader-oriented theory and the role of stereotypes which are viewed as culturally and historically rooted.
The Management of Non-Verbal Signs in Disagreements
Authors: Frențiu Luminița 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Gesture, outlined in terms of physical activity, philosophical theory and linguistics are strongly connected in the course of human interaction. Utterances are accompanied by facial expressions, shifts of gaze, movements, posture, etc. Therefore, we support the thesis that a gestural approach to analyzing communicative events is appropriate, since non-verbal components communicate attitudes and emotions and complete the verbal interchange in numerous ways. Disagreements are especially prone to such an analysis.
Hedging in Academic Discourse
Authors: Gherdan Maria Elena 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hedging has become a topic of interest among discourse-oriented linguists. The paper will discuss ways in which the term “hedge” has been understood and defined in the literature within the academic writing discourse. As epistemic devices with significant characteristics, hedges are often seen as features in academic writing practices that may cause problems, being often a serious source of pragmatic failure in written discourse in a foreign language. It is suggested that the appropriate use of hedging, which clearly requires subtlety and awareness of pragmatic competence of written discourse, is utterly important in avoiding “communicative failure” (Thomas, 1983) and allowing authors to find a way of expressing their true voice in a target discourse.
Features of Informality in Applied Linguistics Research Articles Published in Iranian Local Journals
Authors: Ebrahimi Seyed Foad , Fakheri Seyed Aqil 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was motivated by the recent study on informality in academic writing carried out by Hyland and Jiang (2017), to see the status of informality in Applied Linguistics research articles published in Iranian local journals. To this end, 50 research articles from two Journals of “Research in Applied Linguistics” and “Iranian Journal of applied Linguistics” were selected. The research articles were published in 2014 and 2015 issues. They were analyzed based on Hyland and Jiang’s (2017) taxonomy. The results imply that unattended anaphoric pronouns and sentence initial conjunctions have received the greatest attention from Iranian writers of Applied Linguistics writers while exclamations and contractions were totally ignored. Compared to the results reported by Hyland and Jiang (2017), the use of features of informality by Iranian writers of the present study varies to a great extent. The variations could stress the necessity of awareness of Iranian Applied Linguistics and related fields of study writers concerning the use of these features by successful writers.
Refounding Law and Economics: Behavioral Support for the Predictions of Standard Economic Analysis
Authors: Zamir Eyal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBased on the premise that people are rational maximizers of their own utility, economic analysis has a fairly successful record in correctly predicting human behavior. This success is puzzling, given behavioral findings that show that people do not necessarily seek to maximize their own utility. Drawing on studies of motivated reasoning, self-serving biases, and behavioral ethics, this article offers a new behavioral foundation for the predictions of economic analysis. The behavioral studies reveal how automatic and mostly unconscious processes lead well-intentioned people to make self-serving decisions. Thus, the behavioral studies support many of the predictions of standard economic analysis, without committing to a simplistic portrayal of human motivation. The article reviews the psychological findings, explains how they provide a sounder, complementary foundation for economic analysis, and discusses their implications for legal policymaking.
The feasibility of gym-based exercise therapy for patients with persistent neck pain
Authors: Larsson Johan , Westergren Hans , Häggman-Henrikson Birgitta , Ilgunas Aurelija , Wänman Anders , Malmström Eva-Maj 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background and aims
Persistent neck pain is common and can be detrimental to the health of those who are affected. This is particularly common after neck trauma, where it poses a challenge to health care providers. In this paper, we present the design and results of a study aimed primarily at assessing the feasibility of a supervised exercise intervention for patients with persistent neck pain after trauma. As a secondary aim, we analyzed the results of the intervention.

Methods
We designed and conducted a feasibility study using a mixed methods design. Ten patients with persistent neck pain (nine with a history of neck trauma and one with sudden onset of neck pain) were recruited from a specialized pain rehabilitation center and underwent a gym-based individual exercise therapy intervention, supervised by a physical therapist. We assessed the feasibility of the exercise therapy intervention based on the experiences of the patients and physical therapists. We analyzed both quantitative and qualitative results using descriptive statistics, content analysis, and questionnaires.

Results
The study found the exercise therapy to be a feasible alternative for patients with persistent neck pain. Most of the practical aspects of the intervention and study were executed as planned, and the study was well received by the patients, who found it a valuable part of their rehabilitation. In the quantitative analysis, improvements were observed on the Neck Disability Index, numerical rating scale for pain, EuroQol 5D, and physical activity, with scores on the Neck Disability Index showing a statistically significant improvement. Scores on the Disability Rating Index showed a non-significant deterioration. The qualitative analysis uncovered one overarching theme and four themes for the patients and three themes for the physical therapist.

Conclusions
The exercise therapy intervention seems to be feasible with favorable outcomes for the patients. The quantitative and qualitative analyses demonstrated exercise therapy to be beneficial from several different perspectives. However, although structured, the training needs customization and individual adaption from a clinical reasoning perspective in order to meet each patient’s individual needs.

Implications
This study shows that supervised gym-based exercise therapy is feasible for patients with severe, persistent neck pain. It facilitates and motivates the execution of a larger, controlled trial, which might then lead to a new and potentially effective addition to the toolbox of all health care providers treating patients with persistent neck pain.
Ion-Acoustic Cnoidal Waves with the Density Effect of Spin-up and Spin-down Degenerate Electrons in a Dense Astrophysical Plasma
Authors: Kaur Nimardeep , Kaur Rupinder , Saini N. S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An investigation of nonlinear ion acoustic (IA) cnoidal waves in a magnetised quantum plasma is presented by using spin evolution quantum hydrodynamics model, in which inertial classical ions and degenerate inertialess electrons with both spin-up and spin-down states taken as separate species are considered. The Korteweg–de Vries equation is derived using the reductive perturbation method. Further, using the Sagdeev pseudopotential approach, the solution for IA cnoidal waves is derived with suitable boundary conditions. There is the formation of only positive potential cnoidal, and in the limiting case, positive solitary waves are observed. The effects of density polarisation and other plasma parameters on the characteristic features of cnoidal and solitary waves have been analysed numerically. It is seen that the spin density polarisation significantly affects the characteristics of cnoidal structures as we move from strongly spin-polarised (μ = 1) to a zero spin-polarisation case (μ = 0). The results obtained in the present investigation may be useful in comprehending various nonlinear excitations in dense astrophysical regions, such as white dwarfs, neutron stars, and so on.
Photovoltaic Generator Based on Laser-Induced Reversible Aggregation of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Babincová Melánia , Babinec Peter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A new principle of electromotive force generation is proposed, based on the intermittent laser-induced reversible cluster formation due to the aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles in a ferrofluid placed in the constant magnetic field. In such a configuration, according to Faraday law, in response to unsteady light-induced periodic motion of magnetized materials in an external magnetic field, an alternating current is induced in the coil wrapped around the ferrofluid tube.
A Standardized PMML Format for Representing Convolutional Neural Networks with Application to Defect Detection
Authors: Ferguson Max , Lee Yung-Tsun Tina , Narayanan Anantha , Law Kincho H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Convolutional neural networks are becoming a popular tool for image processing in the engineering and manufacturing sectors. However, managing the storage and distribution of trained models is still a difficult task that is partially due to the lack of standardized methods for deep neural network representation. Additionally, the interoperability between different machine learning frameworks remains poor. This article seeks to address this issue by proposing a standardized format for convolutional neural networks based on the Predictive Model Markup Language (PMML). A new standardized schema is proposed to represent a range of convolutional neural networks, including classification, regression, and semantic segmentation systems. To demonstrate the practical application of this standard, a semantic segmentation model, which is trained to detect casting defects in X-ray images, is represented in the proposed PMML format. A high-performance scoring engine is developed to evaluate images and videos against the PMML model. The utility of the proposed format and the scoring engine is evaluated by benchmarking the performance of the defect detection models on a range of different computational platforms.
Effector loading onto the VgrG carrier activates type VI secretion system assembly
Authors: Wu Chih‐Feng , Lien Yun‐Wei , Bondage Devanand , Lin Jer‐Sheng , Pilhofer Martin , Shih Yu‐Ling , Chang Jeff H , Lai Erh‐Min 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe type VI secretion system (T6SS) is used by many bacteria to engage in social behavior and can affect the health of its host plant or animal. Because activities associated with T6SSs are often costly, T6SSs must be tightly regulated. However, our knowledge regarding how T6SS assembly and contraction are regulated remains limited. Using the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens, we show that effectors are not just passengers but also impact on T6SS assembly. The A. tumefaciens strain C58 encodes one T6SS and two Tde DNase toxin effectors used as major weapons for interbacterial competition. Here, we demonstrate that loading of Tde effectors onto their cognate carriers, the VgrG spikes, is required for active T6SS secretion. The assembly of the TssBC contractile sheath occurs only in the presence of Tde effectors. The requirement of effector loading for efficient T6SS secretion was also validated in other A. tumefaciens strains. We propose that such a mechanism is used by bacteria as a strategy for efficacious T6SS firing and to ensure that effectors are loaded onto the T6SS prior to completing its assembly.
Horizontal Transfer and Gene Loss Shaped the Evolution of Alpha-Amylases in Bilaterians
Authors: Desiderato Andrea , Barbeitos Marcos , Gilbert Clément , Da Lage Jean-Luc 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The subfamily GH13_1 of alpha-amylases is typical of Fungi, but it is also found in some unicellular eukaryotes (e.g., Amoebozoa, choanoflagellates) and non-bilaterian Metazoa. Since a previous study in 2007, GH13_1 amylases were considered ancestral to the Unikonts, including animals, except Bilateria, such that it was thought to have been lost in the ancestor of this clade. The only alpha-amylases known to be present in Bilateria so far belong to the GH13_15 and 24 subfamilies (commonly called bilaterian alpha-amylases) and were likely acquired by horizontal transfer from a proteobacterium. The taxonomic scope of Eukaryota genomes in databases has been greatly increased ever since 2007. We have surveyed GH13_1 sequences in recent data from ca. 1600 bilaterian species, 60 non-bilaterian animals and also in unicellular eukaryotes. As expected, we found a number of those sequences in non-bilaterians: Anthozoa (Cnidaria) and in sponges, confirming the previous observations, but none in jellyfishes and in Ctenophora. Our main and unexpected finding is that such fungal (also called Dictyo-type) amylases were also consistently retrieved in several bilaterian phyla: hemichordates (deuterostomes), brachiopods and related phyla, some molluscs and some annelids (protostomes). We discuss evolutionary hypotheses possibly explaining the scattered distribution of GH13_1 across bilaterians, namely, the retention of the ancestral gene in those phyla only and/or horizontal transfers from non-bilaterian donors.
Selective Inbreeding: Genetic Crosses Drive Apparent Adaptive Mutation in the Cairns-Foster System ofEscherichia coli
Authors: Nguyen Amanda , Maisnier-Patin Sophie , Yamayoshi Itsugo , Kofoid Eric , Roth John R 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the Cairns-Foster adaptive mutation system, lac mutant cells are plated on lactose medium where 50 revertant colonies accumulate over 5 days above a non-growing lawn. A new model attributes this behavior to selective...The Escherichia coli system of Cairns and Foster employs a lac frameshift mutation that reverts rarely (10−9/cell/division) during unrestricted growth. However, when 108 cells are plated on lactose medium, the nongrowing lawn produces ∼50 Lac+ revertant colonies that accumulate linearly with time over 5 days. Revertants carry very few associated mutations. This behavior has been attributed to an evolved mechanism (“adaptive mutation” or “stress-induced mutagenesis”) that responds to starvation by preferentially creating mutations that improve growth. We describe an alternative model, “selective inbreeding,” in which natural selection acts during intercellular transfer of the plasmid that carries the mutant lac allele and the dinB gene for an error-prone polymerase. Revertant genome sequences show that the plasmid is more intensely mutagenized than the chromosome. Revertants vary widely in their number of plasmid and chromosomal mutations. Plasmid mutations are distributed evenly, but chromosomal mutations are focused near the replication origin. Rare, heavily mutagenized, revertants have acquired a plasmid tra mutation that eliminates conjugation ability. These findings support the new model, in which revertants are initiated by rare pre-existing cells (105) with many copies of the F’lac plasmid. These cells divide under selection, producing daughters that mate. Recombination between donor and recipient plasmids initiates rolling-circle plasmid over-replication, causing a mutagenic elevation of DinB level. A lac+ reversion event starts chromosome replication and mutagenesis by accumulated DinB. After reversion, plasmid transfer moves the revertant lac+ allele into an unmutagenized cell, and away from associated mutations. Thus, natural selection explains why mutagenesis appears stress-induced and directed.