bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
People's participation in home composting: an exploratory study based on Moratuwa and Kaduwela municipalities in the Western Province of Sri Lanka
Authors: Fernando R. Lalitha S. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeImproper waste management has been a serious issue in many countries, thus, home composting is considered as an effective method in solid waste management (SWM). Based on qualitative research methods, this study explores peoples' motives to choose composting and main problems confronted by them in home composting in Kaduwela and Moratuwa municipalities in the Western Province of Sri Lanka and proposes policy measures to improve home compositing.Design/methodology/approachThis study was mainly based on qualitative research methods. A convenient sample of 40 households including 20 households from each municipal council (MC) has been selected using semi-structured interviews. Descriptive methods were used to analyze the data.FindingsCitizens have chosen to compost mainly, for gardening, the influence of local authorities, economic benefits and environmental and health concerns. Fear of potential health problems, lack of resources, problems caused by animals, problems related to compost bins, limited knowledge and awareness about composting are difficulties encountered during home composting. Providing compost bins to people at a concessionary price or for free of charge, providing required facilities and financial assistance, promoting people's positive attitudes and awareness, encouraging the use of compost in households, improving the standard of composting and making relevant legal and institutional arrangements to promote people's participation in home composting are suggested for encouraging home composting.Research limitations/implicationsThis study used a small sample, which is the main limitation of this study.Practical implicationsThe policy implication will help to improve composting solid waste practices of the Local Governments.Originality/valueThere is a lack of research on composting related to the selected municipalities. As composting is an effective method in SWM, the findings and the proposed policy measures of this study will help to improve the SWM of the Local Governments of Sri Lanka.
Gauging Cameroon’s resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for enduring a novel health crisis
Authors: Bang Henry Ngenyam , Mbah Marcellus Forh , Ndi Humphrey Ngala , Ndzo Judwin Alieh 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to examine Cameroon’s health service resilience in the first five months (March–July 2020) of the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. The motive is to diagnose sub-optimal performance in sustaining health-care services during the pandemic to identify areas for improvement and draw lessons for the future.

Design/methodology/approach
This is principally qualitative, exploratory, analytical and descriptive research that involves the collation of empirical, primary and secondary data. A conceptual framework [health systems resilience for emerging infectious diseases (HSREID)] provides structure to the study and an anchor for interpreting the findings. The research validity has been established by analysing the aims/objectives from multiple perspectives in the research tradition of triangulation.

Findings
Cameroon has exerted much effort to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, several constraints and gaps exist. The findings reveal limitations in Cameroon’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the provision of fundamental health-care services under contextual themes of health infrastructure/medical supplies, human capital, communication/sensitisation/health education, governance and trust/confidence. Analysis of the identified impediments demonstrates that Cameroon’s health-care system is not resilient enough to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic and provides several insights for an enhanced response as the pandemic accelerates in the country.

Originality/value
This is one of the first scholarly articles to examine how Cameroon’s health-care system is faring in COVID-19 combat. Underscored by the novel HSREID model, this study provides initial insights into Cameroon’s resilience to COVID-19 with a view to enhancing the health system’s response as the pandemic unfolds and strengthens readiness for subsequent health crises.
Nonprofits meet millennials: a hybrid approach of uses and gratifications and TAM to identify the drivers of monetary donation intention
Authors: Florenthal Bela , Awad Manar , Godar Susan 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) are increasingly using social media outlets to target millennials for donations of time and money. This study aims to investigate the motivational drivers of millennials’ intention to donate money to charities on social media sites (SMSs).

Design/methodology/approach
A partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method was used to test the proposed model.

Findings
The results indicate that both information seeking and entertainment, coupled with subjective norm, directly affect millennials’ intention to donate money to NPOs via SMSs. In addition, attitude toward engagement with NPOs on SMSs mediates the impact of credibility (fully, positively), irritation (fully, negatively) and entertainment (partially, positively) on behavior intention. Implications for practitioners are discussed.

Originality/value
An integration of two leading theories, Uses and An integration of two leading theories, Uses and Gratifications (U&G) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)—is used to examine the antecedents of donation behavior of this cohort as related to their engagement with NPOs on SMSs. Such an approach has not been used in the past to examine Millennials’ engagement with NPOs on SMSs.
Lichen planus‐like lesion preceding bullous pemphigoid development after programmed cell death protein‐1 inhibitor treatment
Authors: Sugawara Arisa , Koga Hiroshi , Abe Toshifumi , Ishii Norito , Nakama Takekuni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) antibody are used in major breakthrough therapies in cancer, however they cause unique adverse events, termed immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Among the various dermatological irAEs, an autoimmune bullous disease, bullous pemphigoid (BP), the hallmarks of which are circulating autoantibodies to epidermal basement membrane zone (BMZ) including BP180, have been noted. However, the mechanism and timing of autoantibody production in PD‐1 inhibition remains unclear. Herein we report the case of a lichen planus (LP)‐like lesion in presence of anti‐BMZ antibodies, preceding BP in a patient treated with pembrolizumab, a PD‐1 antibody. A 72‐year‐old Japanese woman with a 3‐month history (6 cycles) of pembrolizumab was referred to our department for pruritic purple‐red papules or plaques. Histological finding revealed LP‐like dermatitis. Although pembrolizumab was stopped because of disease progression, she developed edematous erythematous lesions and tense blisters seven weeks later. Based on histopathological findings, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) assay and positive findings on chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for BP180, she was diagnosed with BP and administered oral prednisolone. The blisters and erythemas improved, whereas her respiratory condition worsened and she died 29 days after the development of BP. We performed DIF of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens biopsied from the LP‐like lesion and revealed IgG deposition at the epidermal BMZ. This finding showed anti‐BMZ antibodies had already existed at LP‐like lesion preceding development of BP; this suggests that the preceding LP‐like lesion induced anti‐BMZ antibody production, resulting in the development of BP.
Growth rate‐dependent synthesis of halomethanes in marine heterotrophic bacteria and its implications for the ozone layer recovery
Authors: Gómez‐Consarnau Laura , Klein Nick J. , Cutter Lynda S. , Sañudo‐Wilhelmy Sergio A. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryHalomethanes (e.g., CH3Cl, CH3Br, CH3I and CHBr3) are ozone‐depleting compounds that, in contrast to the human‐made chlorofluorocarbons, marine organisms synthesize naturally. Therefore, their production cannot be totally controlled by human action. However, identifying all their natural sources and understanding their synthesis regulation can help to predict their production rates and their impact on the future recovery of the Earth's ozone layer. Here we show that the synthesis of mono‐halogenated halocarbons CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I is a generalized process in representatives of the major marine heterotrophic bacteria groups. Furthermore, halomethane production was growth rate dependent in all the strains we studied, implying uniform synthesis regulation patterns among bacterioplankton. Using these experimental observations and in situ halomethane concentrations, we further evaluated the potential production rates associated with higher bacterial growth rates in response to global warming in a coastal environment within the Southern California Bight. Our estimates show that a 3°C temperature rise would translate into a 35%–84% increase in halomethane production rate by 2100. Overall, these data suggest that marine heterotrophic bacteria are significant producers of these climate‐relevant gases and that their contribution to the atmospheric halogen budget could increase in the future, impacting the ozone layer recovery.
Pre‐existing interstitial lung disease does not affect prognosis in non‐small cell lung cancer patients with PD‐L1 expression ≥50% on first‐line pembrolizumab
Authors: Yamaguchi Ou , Kaira Kyoichi , Shinomiya Shun , Mouri Atsuto , Hashimoto Kosuke , Shiono Ayako , Miura Yu , Akagami Tomoe , Imai Hisao , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Kagamu Hiroshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe safety of pembrolizumab monotherapy in treatment‐naïve non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with high programed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression and pre‐existing interstitial lung disease (ILD) has not yet been determined. Here, we aimed to evaluate the prognosis, efficacy and safety associated with pembrolizumab in such settings.MethodsIn this single‐institution retrospective study conducted from May 2017 to October 2019, pembrolizumab was administered to 72 Japanese patients with treatment‐naïve advanced NSCLC with PD‐L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥50%. Patients with ILD were assigned to the ILD group, and those without to the non‐ILD group. Between‐group comparisons were then performed.ResultsOf the 72 patients, 61 (84.7%) were male. The median age was 70 years. A total of 64 patients (88.9%) had a smoking history, median PD‐L1 TPS status was 77.5%, and 10 of the 72 patients (13.9%) had ILD on pretreatment computed tomography. The objective response rate (ORR) was 45.8% and disease control rate (DCR) was 75.0%. The ORR was 70.0% and DCR was 90.0% in the ILD group, while the ORR was 41.9% and DCR was 72.6% in the non‐ILD group. The median overall survival was 568 days; the value in the non‐ILD group was 521 days, while in the ILD group was not reached. There was no significant difference between the two groups (log‐lank, P = 0.73).ConclusionsPembrolizumab was administered to patients with pre‐existing ILD with no difference in prognosis compared to patients without ILD. In patients with ILD, physicians should consider the expected long‐term prognosis and risk of adverse events.
Serum NETosis expression and recurrence risk after regional or volatile anaesthesia during breast cancer surgery: A pilot, prospective, randomised single‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Aghamelu Onyinye , Buggy Padraig , Smith Genevieve , Inzitari Rosanna , Wall Tom , Buggy Donal J. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundSome experimental and retrospective clinical studies signal an association between certain anaesthetic techniques and tumour metastasis following breast cancer surgery. Neutrophil Extracellular Trapping (NETosis) is an immunological process, whereby neutrophils engulf tumour antigen then degranulate, leaving a serologic marker. NETosis expression among breast cancer patients is associated with an increased risk of metastasis. We investigated the effect of two distinct anaesthetic techniques on the expression of NETosis in women who underwent potentially curative breast cancer surgery.MethodsIn a parallel‐group, randomised controlled trial, a subset of women (n = 40) undergoing breast cancer resection surgery, who were partaking in a larger trial (NCT00418457), were randomly assigned to receive volatile general anaesthesia (GA) or propofol GA combined with paravertebral regional anaesthesia (PPA) for their surgery. Serum was taken and stored before and 24 hours post‐operatively. NETosis was measured by ELISA using Neutrophil Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit) biomarkers, which were the co‐primary end points.ResultsPatient and breast cancer characteristics did not differ significantly between groups. Recurrence occurred in 7.5% patients. GA patients received more opioids and reported higher post‐operative pain than PPA. There was no difference in post‐operative MPO in GA vs PPA (10.5 ± 6.6 vs 11.5 ± 4.7 ng mL−1, P = .60). Regarding CitH3, there was no difference post‐operatively in GA vs PPA (3.6 ± 2.3 vs 4.0 ± 5.9, P = .80). NET expression did not differ before or after anaesthesia and surgery in either group, for either biomarker.ConclusionAnaesthetic technique did not affect NETosis expression in breast cancer patients, indicating that it is not a viable marker of the effect of anaesthetic technique on breast cancer recurrence.
Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID‐19 patients: A review
Authors: Gao Ya‐dong , Ding Mei , Dong Xiang , Zhang Jin‐jin , Kursat Azkur Ahmet , Azkur Dilek , Gan Hui , Sun Yuan‐li , Fu Wei , Li Wei , Liang Hui‐ling , Cao Yi‐yuan , Yan Qi , Cao Can , Gao Hong‐yu , Brüggen Marie‐Charlotte , van de Veen Willem , Sokolowska Milena , Akdis Mübeccel , Akdis Cezmi A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has caused an unprecedented global social and economic impact, and high numbers of deaths. Many risk factors have been identified in the progression of COVID‐19 into a severe and critical stage, including old age, male gender, underlying comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic lung diseases, heart, liver and kidney diseases, tumors, clinically apparent immunodeficiencies, local immunodeficiencies, such as early type I interferon secretion capacity, and pregnancy. Possible complications include acute kidney injury, coagulation disorders, thoromboembolism. The development of lymphopenia and eosinopenia are laboratory indicators of COVID‐19. Laboratory parameters to monitor disease progression include lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, Krebs von den Lungen‐6 (KL‐6), and ferritin. The development of a cytokine storm and extensive chest computed tomography imaging patterns are indicators of a severe disease. In addition, socioeconomic status, diet, lifestyle, geographical differences, ethnicity, exposed viral load, day of initiation of treatment, and quality of health care have been reported to influence individual outcomes. In this review, we highlight the scientific evidence on the risk factors of severity of COVID‐19.
Care and Resistance
Authors: Mody Perveez 
Published: November 2020

SummaryI consider the ways in which acts of kinship among British South Asians such as the suitable arrangement of a child’s marriage can be rejected by the child as an act of care and reframed as acts of force. Drawing on ethnographic research with people who have experienced “forced marriage,” I examine the processes through which they come to re‐examine the meanings of kinship and care from their own perspective and through their own life course. I argue that acts of care are not stable givens but rather constitute a constantly shifting set of configurations evolving through changing life experiences.
Endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment: A minimally invasive surgical technique
Authors: Azhough Ramin , Azari Younes , Taher Sahar , Jalali Pooya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionPilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a common skin and subcutaneous disease that is mainly seen in men (mean age, 30 years); its incidence rate is 26 cases per 100 000. PSD greatly affects quality of life. Ideally, a surgical procedure to treat PSD should involve a minimal hospital stay and require minimal time off work, discomfort, operative time, and cost; it should also limit recurrence. In this study, we present a new minimally invasive technique for pilonidal sinus surgery known as endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment (EPSiT).MethodsFrom February 2017 to April 2019, 100 patients diagnosed with PSD were treated with the EPSiT method at the Department of General Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital. Patient information was recorded prospectively. During the operation, the fistula cavity and tracts were ablated by an electrode that was introduced through the operative channel. All the epithelial and granulation tissues were removed by a brush inserted into the operative channel or by a Volkmann spoon.ResultsNone of the patients had postoperative complications, such as hematoma, seroma, or wound infection, during the follow‐up period. Recurrence was seen four patients (4%). At 1 week postoperatively, the visual analog scale score was 3 for 37 patients (37%) and 2 for 28 patients (28%). The maximal cosmetic satisfaction rate was reported in 85 patients (85%).ConclusionAs a minimally invasive procedure, EPSiT is effective for treating PSD. Compared with excision and primary closure techniques, EPSiT has a very low recurrence rate after the procedure and a short hospital stay.
Lymphocyte subsets early predict mortality in a large series of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Spain
Authors: Cantenys-Molina S , Fernández-Cruz E , Francos P , Lopez Bernaldo de Quirós J C , Muñoz P , Gil-Herrera J 
Published: November 2020

Summary
The role of lymphocytes and their main subsets as prognostic factors of death in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients remains unclear, with no information obtained from patients outside China. We aimed to assess whether measuring lymphocyte subpopulations added clinical value to the total lymphocyte counting regarding mortality when they were simultaneously tested at hospital admission. Peripheral blood was analysed in 701 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed consecutive patients by lysed–no washed flow cytometry. Demographic and clinical features were registered in electronic medical records. Statistical analysis was performed after a 3-month follow-up. The 112 patients who died were older and had significantly higher frequencies of known co-morbidities than survivor COVID-19 patients. A significant reduction in total lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ counts and CD3+ percentage was found in the group of deceased patients (P &lt; 0·001), while the percentage of CD56+/CD16+ natural killer (NK) cells was significantly higher (P &lt; 0·001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significantly increased risk of in-hospital death associated to age [odds ratio (OR) = 2·36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1·9–3·0 P &lt; 0·001]; CD4+ T counts ≤ 500 cells/μl, (OR = 2·79, 95% CI = 1·1–6·7, P = 0·021); CD8+ T counts ≤ 100 cells/μl, (OR = 1·98, 95% CI = 1·2–3·3) P = 0·009) and CD56+/CD16+ NK ≥ 30%, (OR = 1·97, 95% CI = 1·1–3·1, P = 0·002) at admission, independent of total lymphocyte numbers and co-morbidities, with area under the curve 0·85 (95% CI = 0·81–0·88). Reduced counts of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with proportional expansion of NK lymphocytes at admission were prognostic factors of death in this Spanish series. In COVID-19 patients with normal levels of lymphocytes or mild lymphopenia, imbalanced lymphocyte subpopulations were early markers of in-hospital mortality.
Determinants of survival in captive‐bred Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus after their release to the wild
Authors: Efrat Ron , Hatzofe Ohad , Miller Ygal , Berger‐Tal Oded 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConservation translocations are a wide‐spread tool commonly used to prevent the extinction of species locally and globally. However, conservation translocations are complicated operations which often fail, especially when they involve the release of captive‐bred animals. In order to survive, translocated animals need to adapt to a new environment; the success of this adaptation depends, to a large extent, on the characteristics of the release environment and on early life experiences that can affect the animals' proficiencies. We tested the effects of different early life experiences and differences in the release environment on the survival of captive‐bred translocated Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus) in Israel, where they are critically endangered. We used a mark‐resight approach to calculate survival using a large dataset containing 9 years of observations of individually‐marked vultures. We found that the Griffon Vultures' survival was positively affected by their age at release and the time they spent in the wild. We also found that survival was affected by rearing method, release site and release season. Our results emphasize the critical importance of the release protocol to the success of a conservation translocation project. Furthermore, our results show how events occurring during the entire pre‐release period can have important repercussions many years later when the captive animal is released into the wild, but also that experience gained post‐release plays a major role in the animals' survival.
Aberrant expression of HMB45 and negative PRAME expression in halo nevi
Authors: Ruby Kristen N. , Li Zhongze , Yan Shaofeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTraditionally, most cutaneous nevi show a gradient of HMB45 (human melanoma black 45) and negative PRAME (preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma) immunostaining, while melanomas often show irregularly positive, diffusely positive or completely negative HMB45 expression, and PRAME immunopositivity. However, we have occasionally observed benign halo nevi with loss of HMB45 gradient, raising diagnostic consideration for melanoma. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the expression pattern of HMB45 and PRAME in nevi with the halo phenomenon (NHP).MethodsPRAME and HMB45 staining patterns in 20 cases of NHP and 16 cases of conventional nevi were evaluated using light microscopy. An HMB45 gradient was defined as immunopositivity in only superficial melanocytes. HMB45 aberrant expression consisted of superficial and deep immunopositivity.ResultsAberrant HMB45 expression was observed in 10 of 20 NHP (50%). A gradient of HMB45 staining was seen in most conventional nevi, with only one showing focal weak expression in the deep dermis (6.3%). All cases of NHP and conventional nevi showed essentially negative immunostaining by PRAME.ConclusionAberrant HMB45 expression in NHP is not uncommon and may be a diagnostic pitfall. Negative PRAME immunostaining may be a reassuring finding to help differentiate halo nevus from malignant melanoma.