bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectacular rediscovery of the original prints of radiographs Roentgen sent to Lorentz in 1896
Authors: Zonneveld Frans W. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Ninety years after the Dutch theoretical physicist H.A. Lorentz died, detailed investigation of his scientific heritage yielded the set of nine original prints of radiographs that W.C. Roentgen made during his experiments and had sent him, among half a dozen other scientists, on January 1st, 1896.

Main text
Through communications with different experts and literature research, the author describes these nine prints and how they relate to the first publication Roentgen wrote about his discovery of the X-rays.

Conclusions
The combination of Roentgen’s first publication on his X-ray discovery and the nine radiographs provides insight as to which aspects of the discovery were considered important by Roentgen and how he carried out the experiments to be able to describe these aspects.
A field experimental study on the impact of Acer platanoides, an urban tree invader, on forest ecosystem processes in North America
Authors: Fang Wei , Wang Xianzhong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundInvasive species affect community dynamics and ecosystem functions, but the mechanisms of their impacts are poorly understood. Hypotheses on invasion impact range from Superior Competitor to Novel Function, from Enemy Escape to Microbial Mediation. In this study, we examined the effects of an urban tree invader,Acer platanoides(Norway maple, NM), on a mesic deciduous forest in contrast to its native congenerAcer rubrum(red maple, RM) with a split-plot design experiment. A total of 720 maple seedlings were transplanted to 72 plots under 24 trees of three canopy types. The three experimental treatments were removal of resource competition at above- and belowground and removal of leaf-litter effect. Soil moisture and nitrogen-related microbial activities were followed for each plot.ResultsWe found that partial canopy removal increased canopy openness and light transmission to the forest floor, but to a greater extent under NM than under RM trees. NM seedlings were more shade tolerant than RM seedlings in height growth. During the reciprocal transplantation in the mixed forest, biomass accumulation of NM seedlings under RM trees were twice as much as under NM, while that of RM seedlings under NM trees was 23.5% less than under RM. Soil net nitrification and relative nitrification were significantly higher, but mineralization rate was much lower under NM than under RM trees, which would lead to faster N leaching and lower N availability in the soil. Plots with litter removal had significantly higher seedling mortality due to herbivory by the end of 2 years, especially for NM seedlings under NM trees. Trenching enhanced soil water availability but there was no difference among canopy types.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that invasion of NM not only altered forest canopy structure but also changed herbivory rate for seedlings and N dynamics in the soils. NM seedlings were more shade tolerant under NM canopies than RM seedlings and were more protected by NM litter under NM canopies than under RM canopies. These altered biotic and abiotic environments will likely facilitate further invasion of NM in the forests, hence positive feedbacks, and make it an increasingly serious tree invader in North America.
Intrahousehold management and use of nutritional supplements during the hunger gap in Maradi region, Niger: a qualitative study
Authors: Marquer Caroline , Langendorf Céline , Woi-Messe Lynda Christelle , Berthe Fatou , Ategbo Eric-Alain , Rodas-Moya Santiago , dePee Saskia , Grais Rebecca F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Nutritional supplements are used for preventing and treating childhood malnutrition. While there is a growing body of evidence on product efficacy, less emphasis has been placed on how they are perceived and used at the household level. Here, we report on the intrahousehold management of three different supplements (Ready to Use Supplementary food (RUSF), medium quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS-MQ) and Super Cereal Plus (SC+)) in the region of Maradi (Niger). The main objective of this study was to describe the use, consumption and perception of the three different nutritional products at the household level.

Methods
The study was conducted in the Madarounfa district in the region of Maradi (February – March 2012). Female caregivers were purposely selected from eligible households and invited to participate. Data were collected through focus group discussion and interviews and were analyzed using thematic content analysis.

Results
In total, 114 caregivers participated. Three major themes were initially identified and included preparation and conservation; consumption and sharing practices as well as perception of impact. The data showed good acceptance at the household level including perceived benefits for the target children, health improvement, prevention of illness and malnutrition. Sharing and gifting at both household and community level were also reported.

Conclusions
Caregivers displayed positive perceptions toward the investigated supplements. Patterns of actual management should be considered in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of future programs.
Assessing the accuracy of Cameriere’s Indian-specific formula for age estimation on right and left sides of orthopantomogram
Authors: Vadla Purnima , Surekha R. , Rao Guttikonda Venkateswara , Deepthi G. , Naveen Sayani , Kumar Chippalapally Arun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Age estimation is of prime importance in forensic science and clinical dentistry. In children, age estimation can be done by skeletal maturity indicators like hand-wrist radiographs and dental age estimation. Skeletal maturity indicators compared with dental age estimation is limited as they are influenced by various environmental parameters, whereas calcification of teeth depends on genes rather than environmental factors. Many of the dental age estimation methods use extracted teeth, which are quite invasive, whereas Cameriere’s method is a recently introduced radiographic method first in European population; where in age estimation is done using open apices of teeth by orthopantomogram (OPG). Indian-specific formula was introduced later using permanent mandibular teeth on left side of jaw. The present study aimed to estimate the age and also to determine the accuracy of Cameriere’s method using Indian-specific formula on both right and left sides of mandible in Khammam population of South India and also to determine the side which can be efficient in determining age.

Methodology
The present study comprised radiographs of 50 subjects (25 boys and 25 girls) ranging from 5 to 15 years. The soft copies of the radiographs of selected subjects were retrieved from the computer attached to the digital orthopantomogram machine (Orthophos XG5; Sirona Dental Systems). The 7 left and right permanent mandibular teeth were assessed in OPGs. The number of teeth with closed apical and with open apical ends of roots was examined and measured. The values were tabulated based on the Cameriere method of age estimation using Indian-specific formula. Statistical analysis was done using paired t test and Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient test.

Results
Comparison of dental age with chronological age in males showed non-significant results on both left and right sides of the OPG with a p value of 0.3765 and 0.3045, respectively. Likewise in females, p values of 0.2167 and 0.8089 were noted. When males and females were compared, non-significant results were obtained with a p value of 0.1613 in the age estimated on the left side of the OPG and a p value of 0.4322 on the right side of the OPG. Correlation test showed that left side of the OPG showed better results in determining age than the right side of the OPG with an r value of 0.9982 and 0.9485 in males and females, respectively.

Conclusion
Cameriere’s method of age estimation using Indian-specific formula proves to be an accurate and a reliable method which can be used to assess the chronological age of individuals. There is also a good correlation found between the chronological age and dental age of younger age group individuals.
A checklist of Diptera collected in the Caña de Azúcar morgue of Aragua, Venezuela
Authors: Nuñez Rodríguez José , Bonilla Villarreal Mary , Liria Jonathan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundVenezuela has experienced soaring rates of violent crime, in particular, homicides. The Aragua state with 142 to 168 crimes per 100,000 inhabitants has the highest homicide rate in the last 5 years. All these cases are transferred to the estate morgue. Entomological evidence on cadavers has been used as a tool to clarify the death causes. Due to this, we analyzed the occurrence of forensically important dipteran species on facilities of the Caña de Azúcar morgue in Aragua, Venezuela.FindingsA total of 692 adult insects belonging to five species of Calliphoridae and Muscidae were collected at the Caña de Azúcar morgue premises (body holding area and autopsy room).Chrysomya megacephalaandMusca domesticawere the most frequent species in the morgue areas. Other species with forensic importance were also found:Lucilia cuprina,Chrysomya albiceps, andOphyra aenescens.ConclusionsThe results could be used as additional sources of information in Venezuelan criminal investigations.
Genetics, cross-resistance and realized heritability of resistance to acetamiprid in generalist predator, Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: Mansoor Muhammad M. , Shad Sarfraz A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe common green lacewing,Chrysoperla carnea(Steph.) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) has a remarkable role in biological control programs being used to control insect pests of economic significance. This study aimed to investigate the potential ofC. carneaagainst commonly used insecticides, especially acetamiprid. Selection with acetamiprid resulted in 31,070.69- and 13.34-fold resistance when compared with Lab-PK and Field strains, respectively. Selection also induced a very low cross-resistance to buprofezin, pyriproxyfen, and spinosad in Aceta-SEL strain. Realized heritability (h2) was 0.24 showed a remarkable genetic variant for resistance. Resistance to acetamiprid inC. carneawas incompletely dominant, autosomal, and polygenic. These outcomes are helpful to employ the acetamiprid-resistantC. carneain fields.
Perspective on photonic memristive neuromorphic computing
Authors: Goi Elena , Zhang Qiming , Chen Xi , Luan Haitao , Gu Min 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNeuromorphic computing applies concepts extracted from neuroscience to develop devices shaped like neural systems and achieve brain-like capacity and efficiency. In this way, neuromorphic machines, able to learn from the surrounding environment to deduce abstract concepts and to make decisions, promise to start a technological revolution transforming our society and our life. Current electronic implementations of neuromorphic architectures are still far from competing with their biological counterparts in terms of real-time information-processing capabilities, packing density and energy efficiency. A solution to this impasse is represented by the application of photonic principles to the neuromorphic domain creating in this way the field of neuromorphic photonics. This new field combines the advantages of photonics and neuromorphic architectures to build systems with high efficiency, high interconnectivity and high information density, and paves the way to ultrafast, power efficient and low cost and complex signal processing. In this Perspective, we review the rapid development of the neuromorphic computing field both in the electronic and in the photonic domain focusing on the role and the applications of memristors. We discuss the need and the possibility to conceive a photonic memristor and we offer a positive outlook on the challenges and opportunities for the ambitious goal of realising the next generation of full-optical neuromorphic hardware.
Effect of annealing temperature on the synthesis and photocatalytic properties of Bi0.65K0.2Ba0.15FeO3 perovskite-like nanoparticle synthesized by sol-gel method
Authors: Haruna Abdurrashid , Abdulkadir Ibrahim , Idris Sulaiman Ola 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
BiFeO3 shows promising applications in photocatalytic degradation, purification process, and in clean energy generation. The various fascinating properties of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles can be improved by doping the material at either of the A or B sites to give it extra photocatalytic advantage toward decreasing the energy bandgap and other photophysical properties of the material.

Results
In this research, pure Bi0.65K0.2Ba0.15FeO3 perovskite material was synthesized using the sol-gel method via citric acid route in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The powdered nanoparticles were annealed at different annealing temperatures of 600, 700, and 800 °C each for 4 h in a muffle furnace and coded K2BFO 600, K2BFO 700, and K2BFO 800 corresponding to the annealing temperature of each portion. The powder nanoparticles were characterized using powdered X-ray diffraction (PXRD) to determine the crystallite structure. The samples displayed similar peak patterns with increase in intensity as the annealing temperature is increased indicating an increase in crystallinity. The impurity peaks in K2BFO 800, however, show that the sample may contain a secondary phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the morphology, and UV-Vis spectroscopy indicated that all the powders were photoactive within the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. ATR-FTIR spectra of the samples were collected to study the formation and phase purity of the B-site in the perovskite structures. The photocatalytic performance of the powder was tested on methylene blue dye under visible light irradiation for the degradation studies. All powders showed photocatalytic ability after 2 h of irradiation with the powder annealed at 800 °C being better. The photocatalytic activities of the powders showed improvement on addition of 2 drops of 1 M H2O2 (80% degradation for K2BFO 800). The bandgap energy of K2BFO 800, 700, and 600 was estimated at approximately 2.00, 2.12, and 2.18 eV, respectively, using Tauc’s equation. The improved activity is as a result of photoabsorption of visible light by the doped powders causing generation of electrons and holes. The kinetic studies were carried out and the mechanisms of the photocatalytic reaction proposed.

Conclusion
The effect of annealing temperature on synthesis of the material shows enhanced photoactivity in the presence of hydrogen peroxide leading to improved performance for the degradation of MB, and the catalyst can be said to be a good candidate for the treatment of waste materials.
Leptomeningeal Metastasis from Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Schreiber Anna R , Kar Adwitiya , Goodspeed Andrew E , Pozdeyev Nikita , Somerset Hilary , Raeburn Christopher D , Tan Aik-Choon , Leong Stephen , Wierman Margaret E , Kiseljak-Vassiliades Katja 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon endocrine malignancy with limited treatment options. While the overall 5-year survival rate in patients with ACC is 35%, the disease is often rapidly progressive with long-term survival in only 5% of patients. Although tumor stage, grade, and excess hormonal activity predict unfavorable prognosis, additional biomarkers are needed to identify patients with aggressive disease. A 23-year-old woman presented with rapidly progressing signs and symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome, with associated abdominal pain and fullness. Evaluation revealed a large left adrenal mass which had developed over 8 months. En bloc surgical resection was performed by an endocrine surgeon, and pathology revealed adrenocortical carcinoma with Ki67 of 60%. Despite adjuvant treatment with mitotane and etoposide–doxorubicin–carboplatin chemotherapy, the patient had rapid disease progression with metastatic spread to liver, lung, bone, brain, and leptomeningies, and she died 11 months after the initial diagnosis. Subsequent analysis of the patient’s tumor revealed mutations in TP53 and MEN1. RNA sequencing was compared against the the Cancer Genome Atlas data set and clustered with the high steroid, proliferative subtype, associated with the worst prognosis. The tumor also demonstrated a low BUB1B/PINK1 ratio and G0S2 hypermethylation, both predictive of very aggressive ACC. This case represents a subset of ACC characterized by rapid and fatal progression. Clinically available predictors as well as recently reported molecular signatures and biomarkers correlated with this tumor’s aggressiveness, suggesting that development and validation of combinations of biomarkers may be useful in guiding personalized approaches to patients with ACC.
Οι συντελεστές στατικής τριβής και τριβής ολίσθησης – Πειραματικός προσδιορισμός τους
Authors: Λιαδή Αναστασία , Καραμαΐλή Μαρία Θηρεσία , Κορατζίνου Ευαγγελία , Δημόπουλος Βασίλης 
Published: March 2020

Το προς μελέτη θέμα της εργασίας είναι ο προσδιορισμός συντελεστών στατικής τριβής και τριβής ολίσθησης ενός ξύλινου αντικειμένου που έρχεται σε επαφή με διαφορετικά υλικά, καθώς και ο έλεγχος της εξάρτησης του συντελεστή τριβής ολίσθησης από διάφορους παράγοντες. Για τον προσδιορισμό των συντελεστών τριβής χρησιμοποιήθηκε ένας αισθητήρας δύναμης, που συνδέθηκε με το σώμα. Με κατάλληλο λογισμικό απεικονίστηκε η γραφική παράσταση της τριβής συναρτήσει της δύναμης που ασκήθηκε μέσω του αισθητήρα και υπολογίστηκαν οι συντελεστές τριβής. Για τη μελέτη της εξάρτησης της τριβής ολίσθησης από διάφορους παράγοντες, χρησιμοποιήθηκε ένα σύστημα σωμάτων, που συνδέθηκε μεταξύ τους μέσω νήματος και τροχαλίας καθώς και ένα σύστημα φωτοπυλών. Η εξίσωση θέσης-χρόνου και η εφαρμογή των νόμων του Νεύτωνα οδήγησε στα συμπεράσματα ότι ο συντελεστής τριβής ολίσθησης δεν εξαρτάται από τοεμβαδόν της επιφάνειας επαφής αλλά έχει μικρή εξάρτηση από την ταχύτητα για μεγάλεςμεταβολές της.
Characteristics of back pain in young adults and their relationship with dehydration: a cross sectional study
Authors: ul-Haq Faizan- , Yaqoob Uzair , Mehmood Muniba , Siddiqui Adeel Ahmed , Usama Syed Muhammad , Hussain Syed Zohaib Maroof , Khan Muhammad Mannan Ali 
Published: March 2020

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the major factors impairing the quality of life and is the most frequent cause of disability. Inadequate water intake is believed to be the predisposing factor for LBP particularly in the younger population. It is commonly seen that the incidence of LBP has been on the rise in people between 20-40 years of age. Thus, the basic aim of this study is to find a potential relationship between dehydration and LBP among young adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from the medical students and practicing doctors of 21-39 years from March-May 2019. Characteristics of pain along with the daily activities of patients were assessed. The severity was assessed by using the Graded Chronic pain scale (GCPS). Results: Out of a total of 426 participants, 84.74% had LBP. Of these, 44.3% complained of having it more than once a week, with duration usually between 1-7 days. More than half of the patients had their routines disturbed because of this pain. Most of the participants complained of an episodic increase in summers. The majority (75.9%, n=274) drank 5-9 glasses of water a day, 64.5% of them were of opinion that their daily water consumption was enough, while 61.5% felt an association between dehydration and LBP. According to the GCPS, one-third of the population had chronic pain of grade I and the other third had grade IV. Conclusion: It can be concluded that with the increase in the pace of life many individuals who belong to the above mentioned age group have a reduced intake of water, and due to a probable relationship between LBP and dehydration, this might be a reason of the increasing propensity of LBP in them. There is a need for further work in this regard.
Familia Herlechini – motyw czarnych jeźdźców w kulturze średniowiecznego Zachodu (XI-XII w.), jego narodziny, znaczenie symboliczne i funkcje ideologicznze
Authors: Bubczyk Robert 
Published: March 2020

Familia Herlechini – the Motif of Black Riders in the Western Medieval Culture (11th-12th Centuries): Its Birth, Symbolism and Ideological Functions
The aim of the article is the historical and socio-cultural analysis of the phenomenon of the motif of black riders which functioned in the Middle Ages. In particular, the author tries to determine the symbolic and ideological role it fulfilled in those days. This problem has not been fully researched and described and many of its aspects still await description and analysis. Research on the topic is practically absent in Polish mediaeval historiography, with one exception of a study by Leszek Słupecki. The present article analyses these issues against a broad cultural background. The analysis of the phenomenon of the black riders leads the author to a conclusion that in high Middle Ages it played very important cultural and social functions and was a useful tool of describing the reality of those times.
Multi-wavelength output based on gold nanoparticles in erbium-doped fiber lasers
Authors: Hu Xichen , Li Xiaohui , Zhang Yani , Liu Jishu , Shu Yiqing , Li Sai , Liu Yaokang , Zhang Xinzhi 
Published: March 2020

A multi-wavelength fiber laser can be used as an ideal light source device for optical communication of wavelength-division multiplexing. A type of combined filter composed of a gold nanoparticle saturated absorber and three-wave polarization controller was constructed. Its multi-wavelength laser output is realized in an erbium-doped fiber ring laser. We studied the degradation of single-wavelength, dual-wavelength, and triple-wavelength output in the range of 1555–1565 nm, the tunability of three wavelengths, and the spectral periodicity of 1 min 57 s. The interesting phenomena of subregional transmission of gold nanoparticles were discovered. We have a clearer understanding of the filtering process of gold nanosaturable absorbers and the special state between pulsed and non-pulsed when using them to achieve ultra-short pulsed lasers.
POLUTAN LOGAM BERAT DALAM EKOSISTEM MANGROVE
Authors: Lestari Lestari 
Published: March 2020

HEAVY METAL POLLUTANTS IN MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM. Mangrove is an unique tropical ecosystem with the marine, riverine, terrestrial and atmosphericcomponents influencing the occurrence, speciation, bioavailability and fate of trace chemicals. Mangrove ecosystem are one of the most threatened tropical environment due to habitat loss, aquaculture expansion, overharvesting and increase of pollution load. In this paper, the role of mangrove to act as a sink of pollutants, accumulation and biomagnifications of heavy metals is discussed.
PERKEMBANGAN METODE PEMBENIHAN KEPITING BAKAU
Authors: Permadi Sandi 
Published: March 2020

DEVELOPMENT OF MUD CRAB HATCHING METHODS. Indonesia is one of the mud crab exporters. The demand of mud crab products is high, but these products are still dominated by natural catches. Although there are many cultivation efforts, the seeds are still using the catch from nature, which may lead to an unsustainable business. In order to maintain the existing mud crab cultivation business, it is necessary to undertake mass production of crab seeds in an artificial environment, such as in the hatchery or in the laboratory. The research of mud crab larvae maintenance has been carried out in Indonesia since the last four decades, but the results have not been able to produce crab seeds in a mass scale. Therefore, the efforts of hatching crabs in hatcheries must continue for improvement, with techniques and methods should be developed to support sustainable crab enlargement cultivation.