bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Ionic Ultramicroporous Polymers for Selective Separation of Acetylene from Ethylene
Authors: Suo Xian , Cui Xili , Yang Lifeng , Xu Nan , Huang Yuqi , He Yi , Dai Sheng , Xing Huabin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe design of highly stable and efficient porous materials is essential for developing breakthrough hydrocarbon separation methods based on physisorption to replace currently used energy‐intensive distillation/absorption technologies. Efforts to develop advanced porous materials such as zeolites, coordination frameworks, and organic polymers have met with limited success. Here, a new class of ionic ultramicroporous polymers (IUPs) with high‐density inorganic anions and narrowly distributed ultramicroporosity is reported, which are synthesized by a facile free‐radical polymerization using branched and amphiphilic ionic compounds as reactive monomers. A covalent and ionic dual‐crosslinking strategy is proposed to manipulate the pore structure of amorphous polymers at the ultramicroporous scale. The IUPs exhibit exceptional selectivity (286.1–474.4) for separating acetylene from ethylene along with high thermal and water stability, collaboratively demonstrated by gas adsorption isotherms and experimental breakthrough curves. Modeling studies unveil the specific binding sites for acetylene capture as well as the interconnected ultramicroporosity for size sieving. The porosity‐engineering protocol used in this work can also be extended to the design of other ultramicroporous materials for the challenging separation of other key gas constituents.
Micro‐ and Nanopatterning of Halide Perovskites Where Crystal Engineering for Emerging Photoelectronics Meets Integrated Device Array Technology
Authors: Jeong Beomjin , Han Hyowon , Park Cheolmin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTremendous efforts have been devoted to developing thin film halide perovskites (HPs) for use in high‐performance photoelectronic devices, including solar cells, displays, and photodetectors. Furthermore, structured HPs with periodic micro‐ or nanopatterns have recently attracted significant interest due to their potential to not only improve the efficiency of an individual device via the controlled arrangement of HP crystals into a confined geometry, but also to technologically pixelate the device into arrays suitable for future commercialization. However, micro‐ or nanopatterning of HPs is not usually compatible with conventional photolithography, which is detrimental to ionic HPs and requires special techniques. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the state‐of‐the‐art technologies used to develop micro‐ and nanometer‐scale HP patterns, with an emphasis on their controlled microstructures based on top‐down and bottom‐up approaches, and their potential for future applications, is provided. Top‐down approaches include modified conventional lithographic techniques and soft‐lithographic methods, while bottom‐up approaches include template‐assisted patterning of HPs based on lithographically defined prepatterns and self‐assembly. HP patterning is shown here to not only improve device performance, but also to reveal the unprecedented functionality of HPs, leading to new research areas that utilize their novel photophysical properties.
High‐Performance Zinc Tin Oxide TFTs with Active Layers Deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Allemang Christopher R. , Cho Tae H. , Trejo Orlando , Ravan Shantam , Rodríguez Robin E. , Dasgupta Neil P. , Peterson Rebecca L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNew deposition techniques for amorphous oxide semiconductors compatible with silicon back end of line manufacturing are needed for 3D monolithic integration of thin‐film electronics. Here, three atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes are compared for the fabrication of amorphous zinc tin oxide (ZTO) channels in bottom‐gate, top‐contact n‐channel transistors. As‐deposited ZTO films, made by ALD at 150–200 °C, exhibit semiconducting, enhancement‐mode behavior with electron mobility as high as 13 cm2 V−1 s−1, due to a low density of oxygen‐related defects. ZTO deposited at 200 °C using a hybrid thermal‐plasma ALD process with an optimal tin composition of 21%, post‐annealed at 400 °C, shows excellent performance with a record high mobility of 22.1 cm2 V–1 s–1 and a subthreshold slope of 0.29 V dec–1. Increasing the deposition temperature and performing post‐deposition anneals at 300–500 °C lead to an increased density of the X‐ray amorphous ZTO film, improving its electrical properties. By optimizing the ZTO active layer thickness and using a high‐k gate insulator (ALD Al2O3), the transistor switching voltage is lowered, enabling electrical compatibility with silicon integrated circuits. This work opens the possibility of monolithic integration of ALD ZTO‐based thin‐film electronics with silicon integrated circuits or onto large‐area flexible substrates.
Unraveling Structure and Device Operation of Organic Permeable Base Transistors
Authors: Darbandy Ghader , Dollinger Felix , Formánek Petr , Hübner René , Resch Stefan , Roemer Christian , Fischer Axel , Leo Karl , Kloes Alexander , Kleemann Hans 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOrganic permeable base transistors (OPBTs) are of great interest for flexible electronic circuits, as they offer very large on‐current density and a record‐high transition frequency. They rely on a vertical device architecture with current transport through native pinholes in a central base electrode. This study investigates the impact of pinhole density and pinhole diameter on the DC device performance in OPBTs based on experimental data and TCAD simulation results. A pinhole density of NPin = 54 µm−2 and pinhole diameters around LPin = 15 nm are found in the devices. Simulations show that a variation of pinhole diameter and density around these numbers has only a minor impact on the DC device characteristics. A variation of the pinhole diameter and density by up to 100% lead to a deviation of less than 4% in threshold voltage, on/off current ratio, and sub‐threshold slope. Hence, the fabrication of OPBTs with reliable device characteristics is possible regardless of statistical deviations in thin film formation.
Yield tradeoffs and weed suppression in a winter annual oilseed relay‐cropping system
Authors: Hoerning Cody , Wells M. Scott , Gesch Russ , Forcella Frank , Wyse Donald 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMidwest crop production is dominated by two summer annual crops grown in rotation, corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). This rotation leaves a productivity gap during the spring and autumn. Winter oilseed crops, such as pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.), and winter camelina (Camelina sativa [L.] Crantz), can fill this gap and provide ecosystem and economic benefits. The objectives of this study were to: (i) examine the tradeoffs between soybean and winter oilseed yields in the relay‐cropping system, (ii) determine legacy effects on corn 1 yr after oilseed–soybean relay‐cropping, and (iii) evaluate the weed suppression abilities of the winter oilseeds. Three sites were used across Minnesota to evaluate winter oilseeds and commodity crop yields in a relay‐cropping production system. Total seed production of the system (winter oilseed crop + soybean) was increased by 20% at one site, whereas at the other two sites, total yields were similar when compared to mono‐cropped soybean. Soybean yield was reduced at two of the three sites by 20 and 47% by the inclusion of winter oilseeds. Soybean yield was unaffected by inclusion of winter oilseeds at the third site. In the subsequent year, corn yield was unaffected by the winter oilseed treatments. Weeds were suppressed by the winter oilseeds crops. Pennycress reduced weed biomass by 97% to 100%, and camelina treatment reduced weed biomass by 85% to 87%. The inclusion of winter oilseeds in the corn–soybean cropping system can increase overall seed production and suppress early season weeds.
Flapping Peryleneimide as a Fluorogenic Dye with High Photostability and Strong Visible‐Light Absorption
Authors: Kimura Ryo , Kuramochi Hikaru , Liu Pengpeng , Yamakado Takuya , Osuka Atsuhiro , Tahara Tahei , Saito Shohei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFlapping fluorophores (FLAP) with a flexible 8π ring are rapidly gaining attention as a versatile photofunctional system. Here we report a highly photostable “flapping peryleneimide” with an unprecedented fluorogenic mechanism based on a bent‐to‐planar conformational change in the S1 excited state. The S1 planarization induces an electronic configurational switch, almost quenching the inherent fluorescence (FL) of the peryleneimide moieties. However, the FL quantum yield is remarkably improved with a prolonged lifetime upon a slight environmental change. This fluorogenic function is realized by sensitive π‐conjugation design, as a more π‐expanded analogue does not show the planarization dynamics. With strong visible‐light absorption, the FL lifetime response synchronized with the flexible flapping motion is useful for the latest optical techniques such as FL lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM).
A 3D Hydroxylated MXene/Carbon Nanotubes Composite as a Scaffold for Dendrite‐Free Sodium‐Metal Electrodes
Authors: He Xin , Jin Song , Miao Licheng , Cai Yichao , Hou Yunpeng , Li Haixia , Zhang Kai , Yan Zhenhua , Chen Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSodium metal is a promising anode, but uneven Na deposition with a dendrite growth seriously impedes its application. Herein, a fibrous hydroxylated MXene/carbon nanotubes (h‐Ti3C2/CNTs) composite is designed as a scaffold for dendrite‐free Na metal electrodes. This composite displays fast Na+/electron transport kinetics and good thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. The h‐Ti3C2 contains abundant sodiophilic functional groups, which play a significant role in inducing homogeneous nucleation of Na. Meanwhile, CNTs provide high tensile strength and ease of film‐forming. As a result, h‐Ti3C2/CNTs exhibit a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.2 % and no dendrite after 1000 cycles. The h‐Ti3C2/CNTs/Na based symmetric cells show a long lifespan over 4000 h at 1.0 mA cm−2 with a capacity of 1.0 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, Na‐O2 batteries with a h‐Ti3C2/CNTs/Na anode exhibit a low potential gap of 0.11 V after an initial 70 cycles.
Sample size calculation based on precision for pilot sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART)
Authors: Yan Xiaoxi , Ghosh Palash , Chakraborty Bibhas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) is a design used to develop dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs). Given that DTRs are generally less well researched, pilot SMART studies are often necessary. One challenge in pilot SMART is to determine the sample size such that it is small yet meaningfully informative for future full‐fledged SMART. Here, we develop a precision‐based approach, where the calculated sample size confines the marginal mean outcome of a DTR within a prespecified margin of error. The sample size calculations will be presented for two‐stage SMARTs, and for various common outcome types.
Pathway engineering of Escherichia coli for α‐ketoglutaric acid production
Authors: Chen Xiulai , Dong Xiaoxiang , Liu Jia , Luo Qiuling , Liu Liming 
Published: June 2020

Abstractα‐Ketoglutaric acid (α‐KG) is a multifunctional dicarboxylic acid in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, but microbial engineering for α‐KG production is not economically efficient, due to the intrinsic inefficiency of its biosynthetic pathway. In this study, pathway engineering was used to improve pathway efficiency for α‐KG production in Escherichia coli. First, the TCA cycle was rewired for α‐KG production starting from pyruvate, and the engineered strain E. coli W3110Δ4‐PCAI produced 15.66 g/L α‐KG. Then, the rewired TCA cycle was optimized by designing various strengths of pyruvate carboxylase and isocitrate dehydrogenase expression cassettes, resulting in a large increase in α‐KG production (24.66 g/L). Furthermore, acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl‐CoA) availability was improved by overexpressing acetyl‐CoA synthetase, leading to α‐KG production up to 28.54 g/L. Finally, the engineered strain E. coli W3110Δ4‐P(H)CAI(H)A was able to produce 32.20 g/L α‐KG in a 5‐L fed‐batch bioreactor. This strategy described here paves the way to the development of an efficient pathway for microbial production of α‐KG.
Simulated oxygen and glucose gradients as a prerequisite for predicting industrial scale performance a priori
Authors: Kuschel Maike , Takors Ralf 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTransferring bioprocesses from lab to industrial scale without loss of performance is key for the successful implementation of novel production approaches. Because mixing and mass transfer is usually hampered in large scale, cells experience heterogeneities eventually causing deteriorated yields, that is, reduced titers, productivities, and sugar‐to‐product conversions. Accordingly, reliable and easy‐to‐implement tools for a priori prediction of large‐scale performance based on dry and wet‐lab tests are heavily needed. This study makes use of computational fluid dynamic simulations of a multiphase multi‐impeller stirred tank in pilot scale. So‐called lifelines, records of 120,000 Corynebacterium glutamicum cells experiencing fluctuating environmental conditions, were identified and used to properly design wet‐lab scale‐down (SD) devices. Physical parameters such as power input, gas hold up, , and mixing time showed good agreement with experimental measurements. Analyzing the late fed‐batch cultivation revealed that the complex double gradient of glucose and oxygen can be translated into a wet‐lab SD setup with only few compartments. Most remarkably, the comparison of different mesh sizes outlined that even the coarsest approach with a mesh density of was sufficient to properly predict physical and biological readouts. Accordingly, the approach offers the potential for the thorough analysis of realistic industrial case scenarios.
Functional and cognitive capacity differ in dystonic motor subtypes when compared to choreatic and hypokinetic‐rigid motor subtypes in Huntington's disease
Authors: Achenbach Jannis , von Hein Sarah Maria , Saft Carsten 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMotor phenotypes in Huntington's disease vary manifold. Phenotype classification is essential to adapt treatment. The aim of this study was to classify a dystonic subtype closer.MethodsA total of 7,512 manifest ENROLL‐HD participants were subdivided into mainly choreatic (N = 606), dystonic (N = 402), and hypokinetic‐rigid (N = 369) subjects. Cognitive (verbal fluency, symbol digit, stroop color, trail making, Mini‐Mental State Examination), functional (total functional capacity, Independence Scale), and psychiatric (problem behaviors assessment, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) performance was evaluated at baseline visit.ResultsSymptoms onset for dystonic were similar to hypokinetic‐rigid, but earlier compared to choreatic subjects (p < .001). Cognition was better in both groups compared to hypokinetic rigid (all p < .001). Functionality differed between all groups (all p < .001). Differences remained (all p < .001) after controlling for CAP score, CAG, age, disease duration, and education.ConclusionsMotor subtypes differ in functional and cognitive capacities but less in psychiatric. We identified better cognitive and functional capacities and similar onsets in predominant dystonic compared to hypokinetic‐rigid patients.
An educational software suite for comprehensive learning of Computer‐Aided Engineering
Authors: Otarawanna Somboon , Ngiamsoongnirn Kiattisak , Malatip Atipong , Eiamaram Patipath , Phongthanapanich Sutthisak , Juntasaro Ekachai , Kowitwarangkul Pruet , Intarakumthornchai Thanasan , Boonmalert Parinya , Bhothikhun Chatthanon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe learning of Computer‐Aided Engineering (CAE) usually involves practical computer lessons on the use of CAE software. Software packages suitable for learning should be user‐friendly and accessible, with an affordable cost. However, the CAE freeware and proprietary software available in the market are relatively difficult to use for novices. Furthermore, most proprietary software packages are very costly, hindering the access of learners. In this study, a CAE freeware suite, CAE 3D, has been developed for supporting the learning of CAE technology. CAE 3D contains four modules for analyzing 3D solid mechanics, heat transfer, and mechanical vibration problems by the finite element method, and 3D fluid dynamics problems by the finite volume method. Unlike most CAE freeware applications, the user interface of CAE 3D is a purely graphical user interface instead of containing some text‐based user interfaces. As CAE 3D is user‐friendly and capable of analyzing various types of engineering problems, it is suitable for use as a learning tool of CAE. For example, learners can adjust parameters, such as geometry, material properties, and/or boundary conditions, to explore the effects of a given setting on the CAE results. This article explains the CAE learning process, development of CAE 3D software and application of CAE 3D to university classrooms. The classroom feedback indicates that the students were highly satisfied with CAE 3D in terms of the usability, the reliability of results and the contribution toward learning. These responses support the applicability of CAE 3D in CAE education.
Antiproliferative Effect and Cell Cycle Alterations Induced bySalvia officinalisEssential Oil and Its Three Main Components in Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Luca Tonia , Napoli Edoardo , Privitera Giovanna , Musso Nicolò , Ruberto Giuseppe , Castorina Sergio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractColon cancer is one of the most common human malignancies, and chemotherapy cannot yet prevent recurrence in all patients. Essential oils are phytocomplexes with antiproliferative properties. In this study, we elucidated the antiproliferative properties and the effect on cell cycle progression of SicilianSalvia officinalisessential oil and its three main compounds,α‐thujone, 1,8‐cineole (eucalyptol) and camphor, on three human colon cancer cell lines. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay, and the cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. Thirty‐four compounds were identified in the tested essential oil. Growth inhibition was observed after 72 h, with an impact on cell cycle progression and no effect on the viability of normal colonic epithelial cells. The study shows thatS. officinalisessential oil and its three main components have anin vitroantiproliferative effect on colon cancer cells.
Expanding the Genetic Code for Neuronal Studies
Authors: Nikić‐Spiegel Ivana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGenetic code expansion is one of the most powerful technologies in protein engineering. In addition to the 20 canonical amino acids, the expanded genetic code is supplemented by unnatural amino acids, which have artificial side chains that can be introduced into target proteins in vitro and in vivo. A wide range of chemical groups have been incorporated co‐translationally into proteins in single cells and multicellular organisms by using genetic code expansion. Incorporated unnatural amino acids have been used for novel structure‐function relationship studies, bioorthogonal labelling of proteins in cellulo for microscopy and in vivo for tissue‐specific proteomics, the introduction of post‐translational modifications and optical control of protein function, to name a few examples. In this Minireview, the development of genetic code expansion technology is briefly introduced, then its applications in neurobiology are discussed, with a focus on studies using mammalian cells and mice as model organisms.
Design and Evaluation of Artificial Hybrid Photoredox Biocatalysts
Authors: Schwochert Timothy D. , Cruz Cole L. , Watters John W. , Reynolds Evan W. , Nicewicz David A. , Brustad Eric M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA pair of 9‐mesityl‐10‐phenyl acridinium (Mes−Acr+) photoredox catalysts were synthesized with an iodoacetamide handle for cysteine bioconjugation. Covalently tethering of the synthetic Mes−Acr+ cofactors with a small panel of thermostable protein scaffolds resulted in 12 new artificial enzymes. The unique chemical and structural environment of the protein hosts had a measurable effect on the photophysical properties and photocatalytic activity of the cofactors. The constructed Mes−Acr+ hybrid enzymes were found to be active photoinduced electron‐transfer catalysts, controllably oxidizing a variety of aryl sulfides when irradiated with visible light, and possessed activities that correlated with the photophysical characterization data. Their catalytic performance was found to depend on multiple factors including the Mes−Acr+ cofactor, the protein scaffold, the location of cofactor immobilization, and the substrate. This work provides a framework toward adapting synthetic photoredox catalysts into artificial cofactors and includes important considerations for future bioengineering efforts.
Predictors of short‐ and long‐term outcomes of patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve edge‐to‐edge repair
Authors: Geyer Martin , Keller Karsten , Born Sonja , Bachmann Kevin , Tamm Alexander R. , Ruf Tobias F. , Kreidel Felix , Hahad Omar , Ahoopai Majid , Hobohm Lukas , Beiras‐Fernandez Andres , Kornberger Angela , Schulz Eberhard , Münzel Thomas , von Bardeleben Ralph Stephan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTranscatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) by edge‐to‐edge therapy is an established treatment for severe mitral valve regurgitation (MR).BackgroundSymptomatic and prognostic benefit in functional MR has been shown recently; nevertheless, data on long‐term outcomes are sparse.Methods and resultsWe analyzed survival of patients treated with isolated edge‐to‐edge repair from June 2010 to March 2018 (primarily combined edge‐to‐edge repair with other mitral valve interventions was excluded) in a retrospective monocentric study. Overall, 627 consecutive patients (47.0% females, 78.6 years in mean) were included. Leading etiology was functional MR (57.4%). Follow‐up regarding survival was available in 97.0%. While 97.6% were discharged alive, 75.7% were alive after a 1‐year, 54.5% after 3‐year, 37.6% after 5‐year and 21.7% after 7‐year follow‐up. Higher logistic Euroscores and comorbidities such as COPD and renal insufficiency were associated with higher in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality. Importantly, in‐hospital survival increased over the years.ConclusionsWith the present study we established high survival rates at discharge and after 1 year of patients treated with TMVR. This goes along with high implantation numbers, increased interventional experience and a better in‐hospital survival over the years. Long‐term mortality in turn was substantially influenced by comorbidities.