bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking biorational insecticides for pest management: unintended effects and consequences
Authors: Haddi Khalid , Turchen Leonardo M , Viteri Jumbo Luis O , Guedes Raul NC , Pereira Eliseu JG , Aguiar Raimundo WS , Oliveira Eugênio E 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiorational insecticides are composed of natural products, including animals, plants, microbes, and minerals, or are their derivates. The use of biorational products for the management of insect pests has grown intensively in recent years, which has increased their popularity and share on the insecticide global market. Much of these recent increases in the use of biorational insecticides has been derived from the generalized perception that conventional insecticides have undesirable ecological and human health impacts. However, the idea of simply replacing synthetic compounds with biorational insecticides without considering their potential unintended effects can mislead their use and reduce the market life of such pest management tools. A systematic literature survey encompassing over 15 000 scientific manuscripts published between 1945 and 2019 reinforces the bias of focusing on studying the targeted effects while overlooking the potential detrimental effects of biorational products on human health and the environment (e.g. death and negative sublethal effects on pollinators and beneficial arthropods such as parasitoids and predators). Thus, the risks associated with biorational compounds (e.g. control failures, the evolution of resistance, shift in dominance, and outbreaks of secondary or primary pests) need to be revisited and the outcomes of such inquiry could be decisive for their future use in pest management programs. The shortcomings of regulatory processes, knowledge gaps, and the outlook for the use of the biorational products in pest management are discussed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Potential Application of Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Data for the Determination of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of Agricultural Soils
Authors: Pelagio Michael C. , Navarro Divina A. , Janik Les J. , Lamorena Rheo B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe potential for Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique to predict cation exchange capacity (CEC) values in agricultural soils, based on a partial least square (PLS) regression model, was investigated by analysing soils (N= 225) using a portable LIBS system. The prediction from the validation set was 0.75 and the RMSE was 5.4 cmol+/kg. Analysis of the PLS loading weights showed that emission lines that correlate with the exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na) and clay (Al and Si) are significant. Good quality predictions could be obtained from the model as described by the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) values calculated for calibration (RPDc =1.99) and validation (RPDv=2.02). The ratio of performance to interquartile distance (RPIQ) for calibration (RPIQc=3.20) and validation (RPIQv=3.32) indicated excellent prediction capability. It has been demonstrated that LIBS spectra coupled with multivariate data analysis could be used to predict CEC of agricultural soils which is considered fast and a chemical‐free technique.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Electrospun PAN/Ag‐G NFs Under Solar Irradiation for Effective Degradation of Hazardous Organic Dyes
Authors: Shah Akshara P. , Jain Shilpa , Shimpi Navinchandra G 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSolar light induced organic pollutant degradation is an ideal approach for wastewater treatment and environmental challenges. The as‐synthesized nanofibers (NFs) exhibited significant photocatalytic activity towards both the dyes (anionic and cationic) under solar light irradiation. Present work reports, preparation of Ag−G nanoparticles (NPs) impregnated in PAN NFs using electrospinning technique. The recyclability of Ag−G NPs impregnated PAN NFs becomes very easier due to formation PAN NFs mat with impregnation of highly porous structure of Ag−G NPs as compared to powder catalyst. The as‐prepared PAN/Ag−G NFs were subjected for structural, optical and morphological study. Under solar light irradiation, PAN/Ag−G NFs shows excellent photocatalytic performance of methylene blue (MB) (88.19%, 75mins) and methyl orange (MO) dyes (82.5%, 90 min) degradation respectively. TOC values and rate constants of the samples indicate the superior catalytic efficiency as compared to Ag−G NPs and PAN NFs. Under solar radiation, mechanism and plausible pathway of photocatalytic dye degradation is also reported.
Enhanced Raman Effect of Solvothermal Synthesized Reduced Graphene Oxide/Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites
Authors: Ayala‐Fonseca Luis A. , Amieva Edgar J.‐C. , Rodriguez‐Gonzalez Claramaria , Angeles‐Chavez Carlos , De la Rosa Elder , Castaño Victor M. , Salas Pedro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHighly functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets, decorated with homogenously distributed titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, were obtained by optimizing the conditions of a facile solvothermal synthesis route with methanol‐water as solvent. These materials show a Raman enhancement apparently at the rGO/TiO2interface. Conventional and High Resolution Transmission Electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) show single crystal TiO2NPs below 6 nm with an anatase crystalline phase. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy shows a significant chemical reduction of the graphene oxide. Thermal analysis also confirms the efficient functionalization and in‐situ reduction of the graphene oxide sheets. The results show that under mild conditions, the solvent mixture achieves a higher functionalization than pure solvents.
DBU‐Promoted Synthesis of 1,3‐Benzoxazines from Geminal Dibromo Olefins: Applications to the Construction of o‐Amido Phenacyl Bromides
Authors: Garkhedkar Amol Milind , Chiang Ya‐Chi , Senadi Gopal Chandru , Wang Jeh‐Jeng , Hu Wan‐Ping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHerein we demonstrated an approach for the synthesis of 1,3‐benzoxazines through 1,8‐Diazabicyclo(5,4,0)undec‐7‐ene (DBU) promoted annulation of geminal dibromoolefins. The key features of this work include good reaction yield, high regioselectivity, mild reaction condition, metal‐free approach, and broad scope. Synthetic application for some of the products is extended to achieve α‐bromomethyl Ketones (Phenacyl bromides) via ring opening sequence using stoichiometric amount of water and DMSO as solvent. We also successfully demonstrated the applicability to gram scale synthesis and one‐pot strategy. This protocol serves as an alternative approach to the conventional reaction of α‐bromination of ketones.
Double‐Carbon Enhanced TiO2 Nanotubes as Highly Improved Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Su Ying , Cao Shu‐Zhi , Zhao Bo , Gu Zhen‐Yi , Yang Xu , Wu Xing‐Long , Wang Guang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTiO2, with low cost, highly environmental benignity, and high safety, has been considered to exhibit great potential as an advanced anode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs), although slow electron/ion transport hinders its development. Here, we find the composite of thin‐walled TiO2 nanotubes with a double carbon coating by hydrothermal reaction and calcination, which effectively improves the structural stability and promotes electron transport. The composite material of TiO2/rGO@NC delivers the first charge specific capacity of 245.8 mA h g−1 at 0.02 A g−1, along with 118.7 and 91.7 mA h g−1 at high current densities of 2.5 and 5 A g−1. Simultaneously, it can still offer 135.8 mA h g−1 over 500 cycles at the current density of 1 A g−1. The remarkable electrochemical performance, combining with its own properties, demonstrates that it can be used as a hopeful anode material for superior performance SIBs.
Analysis of water vapor adsorption in soils by means of a lysimeter and numerical modeling
Authors: Saaltink Maarten W. , Kohfahl Claus , Molano‐Leno Lidia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDaily temperature oscillations can cause adsorption (and desorption) of atmospheric water vapor by soils. The resulting daily fluctuations in the amount of liquid water in the soil can be measured by high‐precision weighing lysimeters. We analyzed the data of a lysimeter in a sandy dune sediment in southern Spain using Codebright, a thermohydraulic numerical model for unsaturated flow that takes into account water, vapor, and heat transport in the soil, as well as soil–atmosphere interactions such as precipitation, evaporation, and solar radiation. The analysis shows that daily temperature oscillations, psychrometrics, and soil water retention can explain the fluctuations of the amount of liquid water in the soil. The retention curve, especially its driest part, is essential for the existence of these fluctuations. The fluctuations could not be reproduced by a model using the van Genuchten retention curve with a constant residual saturation. On the other hand, satisfactory results could be obtained by models using retention curves that at their driest part still show a change of saturation with suction. Moreover, the models suggest within the top few decimeters of the soil a pattern of alternating bands of condensation and evaporation, which follows the daily temperature oscillations that fade out deeper in the soil.
Antibodies to Heat Shock Proteins 90α and 90β in Psoriasis
Authors: Damasiewicz-Bodzek Aleksandra , Szumska Magdalena , Tyrpień-Golder Krystyna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOne of many hypotheses of psoriasis pathogenesis supposes an overexpression of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in different skin layers and systemic immunologic response to them. Hsp90 is one of the most abundant chaperone in eukaryotic cells. The number of studies concerning the role of Hsp90 and anti-Hsp90 antibodies in etiopathogenesis of various diseases is also constantly expanding. Still, there are not many reports concerning potential involvement of this Hsp family or anti-Hsp90 immunization in pathomechanism of psoriasis. The aim of the study was the estimation of anti-Hsp90α and anti-Hsp90β IgG antibodies in the sera of the psoriatic patients at different phases of disease activity in comparison to the sera of healthy individuals. The study material consisted of sera from psoriasis patients (n = 80) in active phase and in the remission phase and healthy individuals (n = 80). Concentrations of anti-Hsp90α and anti-Hsp90β IgG antibodies were determined using ELISA technique. In the patients with psoriasis (both in the active phase of the disease and in the remission phase) concentrations of anti-Hsp90α antibodies were significantly higher than in healthy individuals and they correlated positively with psoriasis area severity index values. The mean concentrations of anti-Hsp90β antibodies in the psoriatic patients and healthy controls were comparable. The obtained results indicate an existence of increased immunological response to Hsp90α in psoriasis. It may suggest the role of the extracellular form of this chaperone and/or anti-Hsp90α antibodies in etiopathogenesis of this dermatosis. The inhibition of Hsp90α may represent a novel therapeutic approach to treat psoriasis.
Potenziale und Umsetzung der Digitalisierung auf Unternehmensebene
Authors: Hüther Michael 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDigitalisierung auf Unternehmensebene ist längst praktischer Bestandteil strategischer Planungen und Umsetzungen. Dabei lassen sich spezifische Auswirkungen auf das Produktivitätswachstum oder die Beschäftigung anhand von Produzenten-Kunden-Beziehungen aufzeigen. Mit Blick auf das Produktivitätswachstum ist zu erwarten, dass Steigerungen nur verzögert auftreten und in vielen Bereichen noch unausgeschöpfte Potenziale liegen. Positive Beschäftigungseffekte sind insbesondere im Business-to-Business-Markt zu erwarten, der Business-to-Consumer-Markt, der von den großen Tech-Unternehmen dominiert wird, weist vergleichsweise geringe Beschäftigtenzahlen auf. Unterm Strich wird es in zunehmendem Maße zu einer Veränderung der Kompetenzanforderungen kommen. Die Herausforderung besteht darin, weniger innovationsaffine Unternehmen und weniger IT-affine Beschäftigte nicht abzuhängen.
Plattformökonomie: neue Wettbewerbsregeln — Renaissance der Missbrauchsaufsicht
Authors: Haucap Justus 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Plattformökonomie entwickelt sich rasant und intensiviert den Wettbewerb. Dieser an sich positiven Entwicklung steht ein hohes Risiko der Marktabschottung durch marktbeherrschende Plattformen gegenüber. Einige Plattformunternehmen dominieren die Weltmärkte und verfügen über eine erhebliche Machtstellung, die eine Nachjustierung des Kartellrechts erforderlich macht. Dies ist jetzt im Rahmen der 10. Novelle des Gesetzes gegen Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen (GWB) geplant. Richtigerweise wird der Fokus hier auf die kartellrechtliche Missbrauchsaufsicht und weniger auf die Fusionskontrolle gelegt.
Wirtschaftspolitische Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung
Authors: Steinberg Philipp , Roser Gero 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung bringt weitreichende Veränderungen für Unternehmen, Beschäftigte und Verbraucher mit sich. Sie hat Auswirkungen auf nahezu alle Bereiche des wirtschaftlichen Handelns. Die damit verbundenen Veränderungen in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft stellen die Wirtschaftspolitik vor neue Herausforderungen: Sie muss die regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen anpassen, um Innovationen in neuen Technologien und Anwendungsfeldern zu ermöglichen, die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit Deutschlands auch in einer digitalisierten Welt zu fördern und den Wettbewerb in digitalen Märkten sicherzustellen. Durch Experimentierklauseln, bessere digitale Infrastruktur und gezielte Unterstützung von Unternehmen kann sie dafür sorgen, dass Innovationen schneller umgesetzt und auf den Markt gebracht werden können. Davon profitieren in besonderem Maße kleine und mittlere Unternehmen. Methoden der „strategischen Vorausschau“ können außerdem dabei helfen, die zukünftigen Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung frühzeitig zu antizipieren und wirtschaftspolitische Antworten zu finden.
The compound stream event of March 20-25, 2011 as measured by the STEREO B spacecraft
Authors: Al-Shakarchi Duraid A. , Morgan Huw 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe interaction of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICME) with each other and with co-rotating interaction regions (CIR) changes their configuration, dynamics, magnetic field and plasma characteristics and can make space weather forecasting difficult. During the period of March 20–25, 2011, the Solar Terrestrial Relation Observatory (STEREO B) encountered a compound stream containing several interacting structures. Our analysis suggests that the stream consists of two ICMEs followed by an embedded ICME/CIR. The sudden appearance of the third ICME within the fast wind side of the CIR causes the proton temperature($T_{p} $Tp) to drop suddenly to its lowest level in about 1.2 hours, from $3.89 \times 10^{5}$3.89×105 K to $1.07 \times 10^{4}$1.07×104 K (by a factor of ≈36). The fast wind which follows the CIR influences not only the third ICME’s temperature but also its proton beta ($\upbeta_{\mathrm{p}}$βp). In addition, the third ICME impacts the CIR through expansion and deceleration. A forward pressure wave penetrates ICME1. It’s source is either the second ICME, the merged third ICME and CIR, or it may be a remnant shock. The compression causes an increase of the $T_{p}$Tp and $\upbeta_{\mathrm{p}}$βp of the second and part of the first ICME. Despite the signatures of four large-scale interacting structures within the compound stream, it is difficult to reconcile the in-situ sequence with other remote sensing observations of ejecta close to the Sun because of the large system of coronal expanding loops above the active region. Compound streams therefore remain difficult to interpret, and further understanding of the subject will depend on the future study of similar events.
Imaging CXCR4 Expression with Iodinated and Brominated Cyclam Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Hanwen , Maeda Masatomo , Shindo Masahiro , Ko Myat , Mane Mayuresh , Grommes Christian , Weber Wolfgang , Blasberg Ronald 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
CXCR4 is one of several “chemokine” receptors expressed on malignant tumors (including GBM and PCNSL) and hematopoietic stem cells. Although 68Ga-pentixafor and 68Ga-NOTA-NFB have been shown to effectively image CXCR4 expression in myeloma and other systemic malignancies, imaging CXCR4 expression in brain tumors has been more limited due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and a considerable fraction of CXCR4 staining is intracellular.

Methods
We synthesized 6 iodinated and brominated cyclam derivatives with high affinity (low nM range) for CXCR4, since structure-based estimates of lipophilicity suggested rapid transfer across the BBB and tumor cell membranes.

Results
We tested 3 iodinated and 3 brominated cyclam derivatives in several CXCR4(+) and CXCR4(−) cell lines, with and without cold ligand blocking. To validate these novel radiolabeled cyclam derivatives for diagnostic CXCR4 imaging efficacy in brain tumors, we established appropriated murine models of intracranial GBM and PCNSL. Based on initial studies, 131I-HZ262 and 76Br-HZ270-1 were shown to be the most avidly accumulated radioligands. 76Br-HZ270-1 was selected for further study in the U87-CXCR4 and PCNSL #15 intracranial tumor models, because of its high uptake (9.5 ± 1.3 %ID/g, SD) and low non-specific uptake (1.6 ± 0.7 %ID/g, SD) in the s.c. U87-CXCR4 tumor models. However, imaging CXCR4 expression in intracranial U87-CXCR4 and PCNSL #15 tumors with 76Br-HZ270-1 was unsuccessful, following either i.v. or spinal-CSF injection.

Conclusions
Imaging CXCR4 expression with halogenated cyclam derivatives was successful in s.c. located tumors, but not in CNS located tumors. This was largely due to the following: (i) the hydrophilicity of the radiolabeled analogues—as reflected in the “measured” radiotracer distribution (LogD) in octanol/PBS—which stands in contrast to the structure-based estimate of LogP, which was the rationale for initiating the study and (ii) the presence of a modest BTB in intracranial U87-CXCR4 gliomas and an intact BBB/BTB in the intracranial PCNSL animal model.
Using In Situ TEM Helium Implantation and Annealing to Study Cavity Nucleation and Growth
Authors: Taylor Caitlin A. , Sugar Joshua D. , Robinson David B. , Bartelt Norman C. , Sills Ryan B. , Hattar Khalid 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNoble gases are generated within solids in nuclear environments and coalesce to form gas stabilized voids or cavities. Ion implantation has become a prevalent technique for probing how gas accumulation affects microstructural and mechanical properties. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allows measurement of cavity density, size, and spatial distributions post-implantation. While post-implantation microstructural information is valuable for determining the physical origins of mechanical property degradation in these materials, dynamic microstructural changes can only be determined by in situ experimentation techniques. We present in situ TEM experiments performed on Pd, a model face-centered cubic metal that reveals real-time cavity evolution dynamics. Observations of cavity nucleation and evolution under extreme environments are discussed.
Das multiprofessionelle Netzwerk in der Beratung von Geflüchteten
Authors: Penke Swantje 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der Migrationsberatung für Geflüchtete stellt ein gut funktionierendes Netzwerk ein bedeutsames Potential in der Unterstützung der Ratsuchenden dar. Neben gegenseitiger Wertschätzung ist es wichtig, die unterschiedlichen institutionellen Rahmungen und Logiken im Netzwerk zu beachten und auf mehreren Ebenen Ressourcen für eine gelingende Netzwerkarbeit zu schaffen. Darin liegt, auch angesichts der prekären Situation der Migrationsberatung, eine besondere Herausforderung für die Soziale Arbeit.
Recovery of a Tidal Freshwater Embayment from Eutrophication: a Multidecadal Study
Authors: Jones R. Christian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEffective management of eutrophication in tidal ecosystems requires a thorough understanding of the dynamics of their responses to decreases in nutrient loading. We analyze a 34-year dataset on a shallow embayment of the tidal freshwater Potomac River, Gunston Cove, for long-term responses of ambient nutrient levels, light transparency measures, phytoplankton biomass, and coverage of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) to decreased nutrient loading. Point source loading of phosphorus, the nutrient most limiting primary production in this system, was greatly curtailed coincident with the study onset (1983/84) exhibiting a sharp decrease of 95% from peak loading levels. However, water column total phosphorus decreased much more slowly and gradually. Phytoplankton chlorophyll a did not show a distinctive decrease until 2000 and SAV responded strongly beginning in 2004. The habitat suitability model for SAV developed by Chesapeake Bay researchers was able to explain the recovery of SAV coverage based on data on light transparency and basin morphometry collected in this study. The study results were consistent with the alternative stable state theory with a sharp transition from a phytoplankton-dominated “turbid water” state to an SAV-dominated “clear water” state in a 2-year period from 2003 to 2005. The system eventually responded to nutrient load reductions, but the nonlinear and incomplete nature of this recovery and the two-decade delay illustrate the complexities of managing these systems.
The effect of individualized, theory-based counselling intervention on active aging and quality of life among older people (the AGNES intervention study)
Authors: Rantanen Taina , Hassandra Mary , Pynnönen Katja , Siltanen Sini , Kokko Katja , Karavirta Laura , Kauppinen Markku , Sipilä Sarianna , Saajanaho Milla , Portegijs Erja 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe define active aging as a striving for activities as per one’s goals, capacities and opportunities.AimTo test the 1-year counselling intervention effects on active aging.MethodsIn this two-arm single-blinded randomized controlled trial, the intervention group received individually tailored counselling supporting autonomous motivation for active life (one face-to-face session, four phone calls and supportive written material,n = 101) and the control group written health information (n = 103). Participants were community-dwelling men and women aged 75 or 80 years with intermediate mobility function and without cognitive impairment. The primary outcome was active aging total score measured with the University of Jyväskylä Active Aging Scale (UJACAS, range 0–272, higher values indicate more activity) and secondary outcomes were its subscores for goals, ability, opportunity and activity (range 0–68) and a quality of life (QoL) score. Measures took place at pre-trial, mid-trial (6 months) and post-trial (12 months), except for QoL only pre and post-trial. Data were analyzed with intention-to-treat principles using GEE-models.ResultsThe UJACAS total score increased in the intervention group slightly more than in the control group (group by timep-value = 0.050, effect size 0.011, net benefit 2%), but the group effect was not statistically significant. A small effect was observed for the activity subscore (p = 0.007).DiscussionThe individualized counselling supporting autonomous motivation for active life increased the UJACAS score slightly.ConclusionsIt may be possible to promote active aging with individualized counselling, but the effect is small and it is unclear whether the change is meaningful.