bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary genetic structure affects genetic stock identification of steelhead trout in the Snake River basin
Authors: Powell John H. , Campbell Matthew R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGenetic stock identification is a widely applied tool for the mixed‐stock management of salmonid species throughout the North Pacific Rim. The effectiveness of genetic stock identification is dependent on the level of differentiation among stocks which is often high due to the life history of these species that involves high homing fidelity to their natal streams. However, the utility of this tool can be reduced when natural genetic structuring has been altered by hatchery translocation and/or supplementation. We examined the genetic population structure of ESA‐listed steelhead in the Snake River basin of the United States. We analyzed 9,613 natural‐origin adult steelhead returning to Passive Integrated Transponder detection sites throughout the basin from 2010 through 2017. Individuals were genotyped at 180 single nucleotide polymorphic genetic markers and grouped into 20 populations based on their return location. While we expected to observe a common pattern of hierarchical genetic structuring due to isolation by distance, we observed low genetic differentiation between populations in the upper Salmon River basin compared to geographically distant populations in the lower Snake River basin. These results were consistent with lower genetic stock assignment probabilities observed for populations in this upper basin. We attribute these patterns of reduced genetic structure to the translocation of lower basin steelhead stocks and ongoing hatchery programs in the upper Salmon River basin. We discuss the implications of these findings on the utility of genetic stock identification in the basin and discuss opportunities for increasing assignment probabilities in the face of low genetic structure.
A Novel and Reusable Electrochemical Genosensor for Detection of Beef Adulteration
Authors: Flauzino José M. R. , Pimentel Eduardo L. , Alves Lívia M. , Madurro João M. , Brito‐Madurro Ana G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work describes the construction of a genosensor based on a graphite electrode modified with an reduced graphene oxide/poly(3‐hidroxybenzoic acid) nanocomposite with an specific DNA oligonucleotide for detection of cattle mitochondrial DNA, in order to certify beef purity. Electrochemical and morphological analyses indicate that the genosensor allows duplex formation with the DNA of pure sample of beef lysate. The genosensor was selective, identifying up to 1 % (w/w) of pork in beef samples, showing good reproducibility and stability within six weeks of storage, and can be reused four times, being a great tool for the evaluation of beef purity, with application in the meat production and marketing chain.
Easily Prepared Co3O4Doped Porous Carbon Material Decorated with Single‐wall Carbon Nanotubes Applied in Voltammetric Sensing of Antioxidant α‐lipoic Acid
Authors: Petković Branka B. , Ognjanović Miloš , Antić Bratislav , Viktorovich Avdin Vyacheslav , Manojlović Dragan D. , Vranješ Đurić Sanja , Stanković Dalibor M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe homemade, porous carbon material, thermolysis prepared from Novolac phenol‐formaldehyde resin, in situ modified with Co3O4nanoparticles and mixed with single‐wall carbon nanotubes, was used in selective sensing of prominent antioxidant α‐lipoic acid (LA). XRD, SEM and EIS measurements were used for characterization of material composition, structure, morphology and improved conductivity. The quantification of LA at TPCo3O4&SWCNTCPE was done by a square‐wave voltammetric technique in BR buffer solution at pH 6. The linear working range was recorded from 2 to 100 μM of LA and the proposed electrode material was successfully applied in the determination of LA in dietary supplements.
Low‐cost and versatile analytical tool with purpose‐made capillary electrophoresis coupled to contactless conductivity detection: Application to antibiotics quality control in Vietnam
Authors: Le Thai Binh , Hauser Peter C. , Pham Thi Ngoc Mai , Kieu Thi Lan Phuong , Le Thi Phuong Quynh , Hoang Quoc Anh , Le Dinh Chi , Nguyen Thi Anh Huong , Mai Thanh Duc 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, the development of our purpose‐made capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) for CE is reported. These systems have been employed as a simple, versatile, and cost‐effective analytical tool. CE‐C4D devices, whose principle is based on the control of the ion movements under an electrical field, can be constructed even with a modest financial budget and limited infrastructure. A featured application was developed for quality control of antimicrobial drugs using CE‐C4D, with most recent work on determination of aminoglycoside and glycopeptide antibiotics being communicated. For aminoglycosides, the development of CE‐C4D methods was adapted to two categories. The first one includes drugs (liquid or powder form) for intravenous injection, containing either amikacin, streptomycin, kanamycin A, or kanamycin B. The second one covers drugs for eye drops (liquid or ointment form), containing either neomycin, tobramycin, or polymyxin. The CE‐C4D method development was also made for determination of some popular glycopeptide antibiotics in Vietnam, including vancomycin and teicoplanin. The best detection limit achieved using the developed CE‐C4D methods was 0.5 mg/L. Good agreement between results from CE‐C4D and the confirmation method (HPLC‐ Photometric Diode Array ) was achieved, with their result deviations less than 8% and 13% for aminoglycoside and glycopeptide antibiotics, respectively.
Immobilization of an amino acid racemase for application in crystallization‐based chiral resolutions of asparagine monohydrate
Authors: Carneiro Thiane , Wrzosek Katarzyna , Bettenbrock Katja , Lorenz Heike , Seidel‐Morgenstern Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntegration of racemization and a resolution process is an attractive way to overcome yield limitations in the production of pure chiral molecules. Preferential crystallization and other crystallization‐based techniques usually produce low enantiomeric excess in solution, which is a constraint for coupling with racemization. We developed an enzymatic fixed bed reactor that can potentially overcome these unfavorable conditions and improve the overall yield of preferential crystallization. Enzyme immobilization strategies were investigated on covalent‐binding supports. The amino acid racemase immobilized in Purolite ECR 8309F with a load of 35 mg‐enzyme/g‐support showed highest specific activity (approx. 500 U/g‐support) and no loss in activity in reusability tests. Effects of substrate inhibition observed for the free enzyme were overcome after immobilization. A packed bed reactor with the immobilized racemase showed good performance in steady state operation processing low enantiomeric excess inlet. Kinetic parameters from batch reactor experiments can be successfully used for prediction of packed bed reactor performance. Full conversions could be achieved for residence times above 1.1 min. The results suggest the potential of the prepared racemase reactor to be combined with preferential crystallization to improve resolution of asparagine enantiomers.
Multivariate return period‐based ground motion selection for improved hazard consistency over a vector of intensity measures
Authors: Du Ao , Padgett Jamie E. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryGround motion selection is a crucial step in probabilistic seismic performance assessment of structural systems. Particularly, identifying ground motion records compatible with a specific hazard level has been the major focus of past studies. We propose a multivariate return period (MRP)‐based record selection methodology to further improve the multivariate hazard consistency over a vector of intensity measures (IMs). Unlike the traditional univariate return period anchored on a scalar IM, MRP generalizes the return period concept by accommodating the joint rate of exceedance of a vector of IMs, thereby providing more holistic seismic hazard characterization. By leveraging MRP in linking the seismic hazard to a vector IMs, the proposed MRP‐based ground motion selection methodology for the first time offers a mathematically rigorous yet practical solution for multivariate hazard consistency in ground motion selection. The merit of the MRP‐based ground motion selection is demonstrated by comparing the resulting target spectra and seismic demand estimates for several case‐study structures with other state‐of‐the‐art ground motion selection alternatives. From the results, the MRP‐based ground motion selection employing Kendall's distribution function turns out to be a promising alternative, offering favorable new features including (a) moderate target spectra intensity and moderately low target spectra standard deviation; (b) superior convergence with the increase of the conditioning IM dimension and ability to approximate higher‐dimensional multivariate hazard consistency with lower dimensional conditioning IMs; and (c) capability to realistically capture the multimodal spectral shape owing to the incorporation of multivariate Gaussian mixture distribution in generating target spectra.
Comparison of In Situ and Ex Situ Equilibrium Passive Sampling for Measuring Freely Dissolved Concentrations of Parent and Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments
Authors: Reininghaus Mathias , Parkerton Thomas F. , Witt Gesine 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Equilibrium passive sampling methods (EPSMs) allow quantification of freely dissolved contaminant concentrations (Cfree) in sediment porewater. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a convenient sampling polymer that can be equilibrated in field (in situ) or laboratory (ex situ) sediments to determine Cfree, providing reliable compound-specific PDMS–water partition coefficients (KPDMS-water) are available. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an important class of sediment contaminants comprised of parent and alkylated homologs. However, application of EPSM to alkylated PAHs is challenged by lack of KPDMS-water measurements. Our first objective was to obtain KPDMS-water for 9 alkylated PAHs and biphenyls using 3 different PDMS-coated fibers. Quantitative relationships were then established to define KPDMS-water for 18 parent and 16 alkyl PAHs included in the US Environmental Protection Agency's sediment quality benchmark method for benthic life protection based on additive toxic units. The second objective was to compare Cfree in porewater obtained using both in situ and ex situ EPSMs at 6 Baltic Sea locations. The results indicated that in situ and ex situ Cfree for alkyl PAHs generally agreed within a factor of 3. Further, all sites exhibited additive toxic units &lt;1, indicating that PAHs pose a low risk to benthos. The results extend practical application of EPSMs for improved risk assessment and derivation of porewater-based remediation goals for PAH-contaminated sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2169–2179. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
The study of coupling effects of humidity‐heat on the protection performance of protective clothing for fire fighting
Authors: Zhang Guoyun , Lu Lihong , Shi Congling , Qian Xiaodong 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe coupling effects of humidity‐heat on the thermal protective performance of protective clothing play an important role during the fire fighting process. The thermal stability, heat release, and thermal protective performance of protective clothing were investigated under the coupling effects of humidity‐heat condition. The cone calorimeter and the thermogravimetric analysis (hereinafter referred to as TGA) were adopted to investigate the thermal stability and heat release characteristics of protective clothing. The thermal protective performance tester and heat flux meter 8 (hereinafter referred to as HFM‐8) multichannel heat flow meter were adopted to simulate the multiple effects of internal sweating, external water spray and high thermal radiation. As for the thermal protective performance experiment (hereinafter referred to as TPP) results, it is found that the proper moisture content can significantly enhance the thermal protective performance, but the performance is seriously degraded after soaking, which is due to the improved thermal conductivity. The mechanism of microscopic changes of protective clothing were also investigated by hot‐stage polarizing microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results of this experiment have important practical guiding significance for the safety protection of firefighters during the fire extinguishing processes.
Emulation of condensed fuel flames with gaseous fuels supplied through a porous copper calorimeter
Authors: Auth Eric , Quintiere James G. , Sunderland Peter B. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe burning rate emulator (BRE) is a burner that emulates condensed fuel flames using gaseous fuel/inert mixtures by matching four properties: the heat of combustion; the heat of gasification; the laminar smoke point; and the surface temperature. Matching the heat of gasification requires measuring the burner heat flux, for which the BRE has embedded heat flux gauges and a copper top‐plate calorimeter. Seven condensed fuels were emulated: acetone, ethanol, methanol, polyethylene, polymethylmethacrylate, polypropylene, and polystyrene. The gaseous fuels were methane, ethylene, and propylene, diluted with nitrogen. Emulation data and flame images are shown to demonstrate emulation accuracy. A new method of emulation is developed that shifts the focus on which properties are prioritized and yields ~15% improvement in flame height. Calibration and use of the calorimeter are shown to have improved accuracy (within 5%) which provides confidence in the results.
Improving the question formulation in Delphi‐like surveys: Analysis of the effects of abstract language and amount of information on response behavior
Authors: Markmann Christoph , Spickermann Alexander , von der Gracht Heiko A. , Brem Alexander 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProspective surveys are a common research mode used to establish a profound decision base for R&D investments, technological innovation, and policy making. The challenge faced by participants of such surveys, particularly if conducted via impersonal survey modes (e.g., mail or online surveys), is the limited ability to clarify contextual issues. Related research in socio‐psychology refers to language vagueness as abstractness, cautioning that abstract language and the way people interpret information are related. We apply Construal Level Theory and the Linguistic Category Model from linguistic sciences to the context of prospective surveys and examine the effects of abstract language and its related amount of information on panelists' response behavior. Based upon 32,000 observations, our research reveals that higher abstractness and greater amount of information reduce the clarity of the respondents' assessments of survey questions. In particular, abstract language and lengthy questions lead to less extreme assessments and a reduced response variance of panelists.
Apigenin upregulation of CD26/DPPIV on colon epithelial cells requires inhibition of casein kinase 2
Authors: Lefort Émilie C. , Diaconu Bogdan , Bentley Victoria L. , Blay Jonathan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCD26/DPPIV is a cell surface glycoprotein found on cells of the intestinal epithelium including those of the colon. We have previously shown that the dietary flavone apigenin (4′,5,7‐trihydroxyflavone) upregulates CD26/DPPIV on colon cells. Flavonoids such as apigenin interfere with the action of multiple cellular protein kinases and have the capacity to modulate the cell exterior and its ability to interface with the local environment through different signaling pathways. We show here that the ability of apigenin to upregulate CD26/DPPIV is exerted through and requires the activity of casein kinase 2 (CK2). Inhibitors of CK2 that are distinct from apigenin (emodin, 6‐methyl‐1,3,8‐trihydroxyanthraquinone; TBB, 4,5,6,7‐tetrabromobenzotriazole; and DRB, 5,6‐dichlorobenzimidazole 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranoside) showed a dose‐dependent ability to increase CD26/DPPIV and had the same maximal effect when combined with apigenin at submaximal concentrations. Knockdown of CK2 with siRNA abrogated the ability of apigenin to upregulate CD26/DPPIV. Apigenin treatment of cells had no effect on the levels of CK2 protein, consistent with an inhibition of activity of the enzyme. Apigenin's upregulation of CD26/DPPIV in differentiated human colon epithelial cells depends upon inhibition of CK2 activity. This is a key step in enabling apigenin's ability to regulate the functions of intestinal epithelial cells.
Gesture's body orientation modulates the N400 for visual sentences primed by gestures
Authors: He Yifei , Luell Svenja , Muralikrishnan R. , Straube Benjamin , Nagels Arne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBody orientation of gesture entails social‐communicative intention, and may thus influence how gestures are perceived and comprehended together with auditory speech during face‐to‐face communication. To date, despite the emergence of neuroscientific literature on the role of body orientation on hand action perception, limited studies have directly investigated the role of body orientation in the interaction between gesture and language. To address this research question, we carried out an electroencephalography (EEG) experiment presenting to participants (n = 21) videos of frontal and lateral communicative hand gestures of 5 s (e.g., raising a hand), followed by visually presented sentences that are either congruent or incongruent with the gesture (e.g., “the mountain is high/low…”). Participants underwent a semantic probe task, judging whether a target word is related or unrelated to the gesture‐sentence event. EEG results suggest that, during the perception phase of handgestures, while both frontal and lateral gestures elicited a power decrease in both the alpha (8–12 Hz) and the beta (16–24 Hz) bands, lateral versus frontal gestures elicited reduced power decrease in the beta band, source‐located to the medial prefrontal cortex. For sentence comprehension, at the critical word whose meaning is congruent/incongruent with the gesture prime, frontal gestures elicited an N400 effect for gesture‐sentence incongruency. More importantly, this incongruency effect was significantly reduced for lateral gestures. These findings suggest that body orientation plays an important role in gesture perception, and that its inferred social‐communicative intention may influence gesture‐language interaction at semantic level.
Neural alignment during face‐to‐face spontaneous deception: Does gender make a difference?
Authors: Chen Mei , Zhang Tingyu , Zhang Ruqian , Wang Ning , Yin Qing , Li Yangzhuo , Liu Jieqiong , Liu Tao , Li Xianchun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the gender differences in deception and their neural basis in the perspective of two‐person neuroscience. Both male and female dyads were asked to perform a face‐to‐face spontaneous sender–receiver deception task, while their neural activities in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and right temporal parietal junction (rTPJ) were recorded simultaneously using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)‐based hyperscanning. Male and female dyads displayed similar deception rate, successful deception rate, and eye contact in deception trials. Moreover, eye contact in deception trials was positively correlated with the success rate of deception in both genders. The fNIRS data showed that the interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) in PFC was significantly enhanced only in female dyads when performed the deception task, while INS in rTPJ was increased only in male dyads. Such INS was correlated with the success rate of deception in both dyads. Granger causality analysis showed that no significant directionality between time series of PFC (or rTPJ) in each dyad, which could indicate that sender and receiver played equally important role during deception task. Finally, enhanced INS in PFC in female dyads mediated the contribution of eye contact to the success rate of deception. All findings in this study suggest that differential patterns of INS are recruited when male and female dyads perform the face‐to‐face deception task. To our knowledge, this is the first interbrain evidence for gender difference of successful deception, which could make us a deeper understanding of spontaneous face‐to‐face deception.
Stirring the pot: Switching from blended fee‐for‐service to blended capitation models of physician remuneration
Authors: Somé Nibene H. , Devlin Rose Anne , Mehta Nirav , Zaric Gregory S. , Sarma Sisira 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn Canada's most populous province, Ontario, family physicians may choose between the blended fee‐for‐service (Family Health Group [FHG]) and blended capitation (Family Health Organization [FHO] payment models). Both models incentivize physicians to provide after‐hours (AH) and comprehensive care, but FHO physicians receive a capitation payment per enrolled patient adjusted for age and sex, plus a reduced fee‐for‐service while FHG physicians are paid by fee‐for‐service. We develop a theoretical model of physician labor supply with multitasking to predict their behavior under FHG and FHO, and estimable equations are derived to test the predictions empirically. Using health administrative data from 2006 to 2014 and a two‐stage estimation strategy, we study the impact of switching from FHG to FHO on the production of a capitated basket of services, after‐hours services and nonincentivized services. Our results reveal that switching from the FHG to FHO reduces the production of capitated services to enrolled patients and services to nonenrolled patients by 15% and 5% per annum and increases the production of after‐hours and nonincentivized services by 8% and 15% per annum.
Telemedicine is an important aspect of healthcare services amid COVID‐19 outbreak: Its barriers in Bangladesh and strategies to overcome
Authors: Chowdhury Saifur Rahman , Sunna Tachlima Chowdhury , Ahmed Shakil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe current pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) has been a global concern since early 2020, where the number of COVID‐19 cases is also on a rapid surge in Bangladesh with the report of a total of 276,549 cases after the detection of the first three cases in this country on 8 March 2020. The COVID‐19 pandemic has made a seismic shift in the healthcare delivery system, where physician offices have accelerated digital health solutions at record speed, putting telemedicine (i.e., telehealth) at centre stage. Amid the severely contagious COVID‐19, telemedicine has moved from being an optional service to an essential one. As the developing country, there are some barriers to get evenly distributed advantages of this approach due to the digital divides and disparities. In this commentary, we have described the importance of telemedicine service amid the outbreak of COVID‐19 in Bangladesh, the barriers and challenges that the country is facing to implement this approach and the strategies to overcome these barriers in this developing country.