bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Fast and Simple LC-ESI-MS/MS Technique for the Quantification of Regorafenib; Application to Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Rabbits
Authors: Ravi Yatha , Bhikshapathi Darna , Cheruku Shankar , Rajkamal Bigala 
Published: November 2019

Background:
A simple quantification technique by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-
tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) is required for regorafenib in biological matrices
with bioavailability studies in healthy rabbits, when compared with reported techniques.

Objective:
The main aim of the research work was to develop a validated LC-ESI-MS/MS technique
for the quantification of regorafenib and application to bioavailability studies in healthy rabbits.

Methods:
Chromatographic separation was achieved with hypersil-C18 analytical column (50mm×4.6 mm,
4μm) and mobile phase composition of acetonitrile and 5mM ammonium acetate in the proportion of
70:30. The mobile phase was infused into the column with high pressure to get a 0.7 ml/min flow rate.
The total retention time of the analyte is promising when compared with the existed methods for
regorafenib. Quantitation was processed by monitoring transitions of m/z -483.0/262.0 and 450.0/260.0
for regorafenib and internal standard respectively in multiple reaction monitoring.

Results:
The linearity equation and correlation coefficient (R2) findings were y =0.9948x+2.6624 and
0.998 respectively. The intra and inter-day precision of the developed technique was found between
1.00 – 8.50% for the QC-samples (2, 4, 240 and 480ng/ml). From bioavailability study, the drug was
shown Tmax of 3.688 ± 0.754; average AUC0→α and AUC0→t were 6476.81 ± 259.59 and 6213.845 ±
257.892 respectively and Cmax was found to be 676.91 ± 22.045 in healthy rabbits.

Conclusion:
The developed technique was validated and successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic
study of the drug (40 mg tablet) administered through the oral route in healthy rabbits.
Design and Optimization of Itraconazole Loaded SLN for Intranasal Administration Using Central Composite Design
Authors: Rana Sarvjeet S. , Bhatt Shailendra , Kumar Manish , Malik Anuj , Sharma Jai B. , Arora Deepshi , Saini Vipin 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Solid Lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are comprising of a solid lipid core with
a mean diameter between 50 and 1000 nm. SLN is an advanced carrier system to traditional colloidal
carriers such as emulsion, liposomes, and polymeric microparticles.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to formulate SLN of Itraconazole (ITZ) for intranasal
administration.

Methods:
ITZ-loaded SLN were prepared by high pressure homogenization technique using the
Central Composite Design (CCD). The concentration of surfactant (X1) and drug to lipid ratio
(X2) was considered as independent variables, whereas particle size (Y1) and percentage entrapment
efficiency (Y2) were considered as a response. The compatibility of ingredients with the drug
was tested using differential scanning calorimetry. SLN were characterized for their particle size,
entrapment efficiency, transmission electron microscopy, in vitro drug release, and ex vivo study.

Results:
The solid lipid nanoparticles were successfully prepared using high pressure homogenization
technique and glyceryl monostearate was used as solid lipid. The lipid ratio significantly increases
the particle size as well as entrapment efficiency. The particle size and (%) entrapment efficiency
of optimized formulation were found to be 29 nm and 78.9%, respectively. The differential
scanning calorimetry confirmed that the drug existed in amorphous form. Nasal histopathology
study on sheep mucosa revealed that the developed SLN was non-toxic and safe to use for intranasal
administration. The results of ex vivo study showed that the Higuchi pattern of drug release
was followed. The in vitro release studies showed the significant difference in drug release from
ITZ-loaded SLN compared to plain ITZ-solution.

Conclusion:
ITZ-loaded SLN were successfully prepared and validated. The best batch was selected
based on the desired particle size, and EE which is an important characteristic for SLN formulations.
The developed formulations were nontoxic as determined by histo-pathological studies.
A Strategic Imperative for Promoting Hospital Branding: Analysis of Outcome Indicators
Authors: Shieh Gow-Jen , Wu Shi-Liang , Tsai Che-Fu , Chang Chi-Sen , Chang Tsung-Hung , Lui Ping-Wing , Yao Yuh , Sheu Wayne Huey-Herng 
Published: November 2019

Background
Optimizing the use of social media to promote hospital branding is important in the present digital era. In Taiwan, only 51.1% of hospitals have official Facebook fan pages. The numbers of likes for these hospitals are also relatively low.

Objective
Our objective was to establish a special branding team for social media operation, led by top administrators of our hospital. Here we present our strategic imperative for promoting hospital branding as well as an analysis of its effectiveness.

Methods
Led by top administrators, the branding team was formed by 11 divisions to create branding strategies. From 2016 to 2018, the team implemented action plans. All information unique to the hospital was posted on Facebook, as well as on the hospital’s official website. To determine the plans’ efficiencies, we obtained reference data from Google Analytics, and we compared Facebook Insights reports for 2016 with those for 2017 and 2018.

Results
One of the branding team’s main missions was to establish branding strategies and to integrate segmental branding messages. In each quarter we regularly monitored a total of 52 action plan indicators, including those for process and outcome, and discussed the results at team meetings. We selected 4 main performance outcome indicators to reflect the effectiveness of the branding efforts. Compared with 2016, the numbers of likes posted on the Facebook fan page increased by 61.2% in 2017 and 116.2% in 2018. Similarly, visits to the hospital website increased by 4.8% in 2017 and 33.1% in 2018. Most Facebook fan page and website viewers were in 2 age groups: 25 to 34 years, and 35 to 44 years. Women constituted 60.42% (14,160/23,436) of Facebook fans and 59.39% (778,992/1,311,605) of website viewers. According to the Facebook Insights reports, the number of likes and post sharing both increased in 2017 and 2018, relative to 2016. Comment messages also increased from 2016 to 2018 (P=.02 for the trend). The most common theme of posts varied over time, from media reports in 2016, to innovative services in both 2017 and 2018. Likes for innovative services posts increased from 2016 through 2018 (P=.045 for the trend). By the end of 2018, we recorded 23,436 cumulative likes for posts, the highest number among medical centers in Taiwan.

Conclusions
We achieved the largest number of Facebook fans among all medical centers in Taiwan. We would like to share our experience with other hospitals that might be interested in engaging in social media for future communications and interactions with their patients.
A Data-Driven Social Network Intervention for Improving Organ Donation Awareness Among Minorities: Analysis and Optimization of a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Murphy Michael Douglas , Pinheiro Diego , Iyengar Rahul , Lim Gene , Menezes Ronaldo , Cadeiras Martin 
Published: November 2019

Background
Increasing the number of organ donors may enhance organ transplantation, and past health interventions have shown the potential to generate both large-scale and sustainable changes, particularly among minorities.

Objective
This study aimed to propose a conceptual data-driven framework that tracks digital markers of public organ donation awareness using Twitter and delivers an optimized social network intervention (SNI) to targeted audiences using Facebook.

Methods
We monitored digital markers of organ donation awareness across the United States over a 1-year period using Twitter and examined their association with organ donation registration. We delivered this SNI on Facebook with and without optimized awareness content (ie, educational content with a weblink to an online donor registration website) to low-income Hispanics in Los Angeles over a 1-month period and measured the daily number of impressions (ie, exposure to information) and clicks (ie, engagement) among the target audience.

Results
Digital markers of organ donation awareness on Twitter are associated with donation registration (beta=.0032; P<.001) such that 10 additional organ-related tweets are associated with a 3.20% (33,933/1,060,403) increase in the number of organ donor registrations at the city level. In addition, our SNI on Facebook effectively reached 1 million users, and the use of optimization significantly increased the rate of clicks per impression (beta=.0213; P<.004).

Conclusions
Our framework can provide a real-time characterization of organ donation awareness while effectively delivering tailored interventions to minority communities. It can complement past approaches to create large-scale, sustainable interventions that are capable of raising awareness and effectively mitigate disparities in organ donation.
International ResearchKit App for Women with Menstrual Pain (Development, Access, and Engagement): Pragmatic Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Wang Jiani , Rogge Alizé A , Armour Mike , Smith Caroline A , D’Adamo Christopher R , Pischke Claudia R , Yen Hung-Rong , Wu Mei-Yao , Moré Ari Ojeda Ocampo , Witt Claudia M , Pach Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Background
Primary dysmenorrhea is a common condition in women of reproductive age. A previous app-based study undertaken by our group demonstrated that a smartphone app supporting self-acupressure introduced by a health care professional can reduce menstrual pain.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate whether a specific smartphone app is effective in reducing menstrual pain in 18- to 34-year-old women with primary dysmenorrhea in a self-care setting. One group of women has access to the full-featured study app and will be compared with 2 control groups who have access to fewer app features. Here, we report the trial design, app development, user access, and engagement.

Methods
On the basis of the practical implications of the previous app-based study, we revised and reengineered the study app and included the ResearchKit (Apple Inc) framework. Behavior change techniques (BCTs) were implemented in the app and validated by expert ratings. User access was estimated by assessing recruitment progress over time. User evolution and baseline survey respondent rate were assessed to evaluate user engagement.

Results
The development of the study app for a 3-armed randomized controlled trial required a multidisciplinary team. The app is accessible for the target population free of charge via the Apple App Store. In Germany, within 9 months, the app was downloaded 1458 times and 328 study participants were recruited using it without external advertising. A total of 98.27% (5157/5248) of the app-based baseline questions were answered. The correct classification of BCTs used in the app required psychological expertise.

Conclusions
Conducting an innovative app study requires multidisciplinary effort. Easy access and engagement with such an app can be achieved by recruitment via the App Store. Future research is needed to investigate the determinants of user engagement, optimal BCT application, and potential clinical and self-care scenarios for app use.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03432611; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03432611 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/75LLAcnCQ).
Economía del Ave María: El modelo teórico detrás de las políticas monetarias no convencionales
Authors: Rochon Louis-Philippe , Vallet Guillaume 
Published: November 2019

<p align="right"> </p><p>Si bien la era de las tasas de interés negativas no parece haber terminado, al menos por el momento, sigue siendo un tema sobre el que vale la pena reflexionar, especialmente en un intento por comprender sus raíces teóricas, y particularmente a la luz de una posible desaceleración en la actividad económica en Estados Unidos y en otras geografías (al momento de escribir este artículo). Este documento examina la evolución de la política monetaria desde la crisis y se centra en las llamadas políticas no convencionales como la flexibilización cuantitativa (QE) y las tasas de interés negativas, argumentando que desde una perspectiva teórica, aunque neoclásica, ambas políticas están relacionadas y basadas en el mismo modelo de multiplicador de dinero.</p><p> </p>
Analisis Derajat Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak (UKM) terhadap Tax Amnesty
Authors: Setu Setyawan Setu 
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis derajat kepatuhan wajib pajak terhadap tax Amnesty. Kepatuhan wajib pajak diproxikan dengan kesadaran, pengetahuan peraturan perpajakan, persepsi atas efektivitas sistem perpajakan, dan kepercayaan kepada pemerintahan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membuktikan secara empiris sejauh mana derajat kepatuhan wajib pajak atas kebjiakan tax amnnesty yang diprogramkan oleh pemerintah. Obyek penelitian adalah wajib pajak orang pribadi pelaku UKM di Malang Raya. Data diperoleh dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada 96 pemilik UKM sebanyak 96 respoden. dengan teknik convenience sampling. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda, dan untuk menentukan hipotesis digunakan uji F, dan uji t. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel kesadaran dengan nilai beta sebesar 0.289, pengetahuan peraturan perpajakan dengan nilai beta sebesar 0.320, dan Derajat kepercayaan kepercayaan kepada pemerintah nilai beta sebesar 0.392, ketiga variabel tersebut berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tax amnesty pajak wajib pajak Pelaku UKM. Sedangkan pengetahuan peraturan perpajakan dengan nilai beta sebesar 0.176 berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap tax amnesty. Kata kunci: kepatuhan; wajib pajak; tax amnety
Pemberdayaan dan Budaya Organisasi Pada Home Industri Produk Kreatif di Bangil
Authors: Ambarwati Titiek 
Published: November 2019

Research objectives: (1) to analyze the empowerment of creative home industry products in Bangil. (2) to analyze the organizational culture in the home industry of creative products in Bangil. This research was conducted at home creative product industry in Bangil, the type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative because the research is used to study a phenomenon in the object of research. While the object in the study of employees in the home industry creative products in Bangil. The method of data collection used in this research is the use of interview techniques and questionnaires (Questionnaire). Determination of the sample in this study was conducted by using the census method or total sampling with the number of respondents as many as 28 employees, especially the embroidery. Data analysis tool using Range Scale analysis to analyze employee empowerment and analyze organizational culture. The results of the research are as follows: for employee empowerment tendency on the dimension of access (opportunity) is high, the dimensions of participation tendency enough, the dimensions of decision making tendency and dimension of courage to take the risk of low tendency so that the average for employee empowerment done tendency is enough low. As for the organizational culture tendency in the dimensions of innovation is enough, the dimensions of openness tendency strong and the dimensions of cooperation tendency is enough so that it can be concluded the average organizational culture that applied cederung strong enough.
Pemanfaatan Media Youtube Dakwah Ustadz Adi Hidayat dalam Pengembangan Materi Fikih Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Cahyono Guntur 
Published: November 2019

Social media are beneficial not only to communicate interpersonally but also to preach and educate people. One of these media is YoutubeÂ that can be applied in developing learning materials by capitalizing online preaching of IslamÂ teachers (ustadz) uploaded in this medium. This research gives description on how Youtube is useful as part of learning material development. In this research, the description reveals the facts that teachers employ not only text books or student work books (LKS) in material development but also online videos. Youtube videos of ustadzAdiHidayat can be used to develop Islamic principal (Fiqh) learning materials in Islamic elementary schools by downloading those videos. Teachers are required to be savvy in operating internetÂ media in learning material development for teaching and learning process.
Language and Madrasa in India, Uttar Pradesh.
Authors: Rohmatika Arina 
Published: November 2019

Data India shows thatÂ Muslim population in India, at the census 2001, was in second place after Hindus. It reached 138 million (13.4%) after Hindus which is little over 827 million (80.5%). This number implies how Islam has been well-received in India and entered into various areas of life including education. Muslim Educational System in India has developed over decades through its Islamic institution and madrasas. This study aims to see the language teaching in Darul Uloom, Deoband as it is reflected through its educational system and curriculum. This is a library based research in which extensive reviews of literature has been made in attempt to produce a descriptive qualitative analysis. This study shows that in Darul Uloom Deoband, stylized writing mastery has become the ultimate skills to acquire.here,Â Language is not only merely targeted as a means of communication but also as a means to study Islamic textbooks. Moreover, it is expected that through the language mastery its students and alumni can be author of many books in Arabic and English. Language is learned comprehensively started from grammar, syntax, to Literature.Â Keywords: Language, Madrasa, Darul Uloom Deoband
Early Outcomes From the English National Health Service Diabetes Prevention Programme
Authors: Valabhji Jonathan , Barron Emma , Bradley Dominique , Bakhai Chirag , Fagg Jamie , O’Neill Simon , Young Bob , Wareham Nick , Khunti Kamlesh , Jebb Susan , Smith Jenifer 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE
To assess weight and HbA1c changes in the Healthier You: National Health Service Diabetes Prevention Programme (NHS DPP), the largest DPP globally to achieve universal population coverage.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A service evaluation assessed intervention effectiveness for adults with nondiabetic hyperglycemia (HbA1c 42–47 mmol/mol [6.0–6.4%] or fasting plasma glucose 5.5–6.9 mmol/L) between program launch in June 2016 and December 2018, using prospectively collected, national service–level data in England.

RESULTS
By December 2018, 324,699 people had been referred, 152,294 had attended the initial assessment, and 96,442 had attended at least 1 of 13 group-based intervention sessions. Allowing sufficient time to elapse, 53% attended an initial assessment, 36% attended at least one group-based session, and 19% completed the intervention (attended &gt;60% of sessions). Of the 32,665 who attended at least one intervention session and had sufficient time to finish, 17,252 (53%) completed: intention-to-treat analyses demonstrated a mean weight loss of 2.3 kg (95% CI 2.2, 2.3) and an HbA1c reduction of 1.26 mmol/mol (1.20, 1.31) (0.12% [0.11, 0.12]); completer analysis demonstrated a mean weight loss of 3.3 kg (3.2, 3.4) and an HbA1c reduction of 2.04 mmol/mol (1.96, 2.12) (0.19% [0.18, 0.19]). Younger age, female sex, Asian and black ethnicity, lower socioeconomic status, and normal baseline BMI were associated with less weight loss. Older age, female sex, black ethnicity, lower socioeconomic status, and baseline overweight and obesity were associated with a smaller HbA1c reduction.

CONCLUSIONS
Reductions in weight and HbA1c compare favorably with those reported in recent meta-analyses of pragmatic studies and suggest likely future reductions in participant type 2 diabetes incidence.
Contribuciones al conocimiento florístico de la comarca de Las Villas, Jaén
Authors: González-Jurado Gonzalo 
Published: November 2019

Contribution to the botanical knowledge of Las Villas region, JaénPalabras clave. Ononis viscosa L. subsp. breviflora var. pitardii Maire, Veronica serpyllifolia L. subsp. serpyllifolia, Andalucía, Jaén, Las Villas.Key words. Ononis viscosa L. subsp. breviflora var. pitardii Maire, Veronica serpyllifolia L. subsp. serpyllifolia, Andalusia, Jaén, Las Villas.
Influenza di esposizione ed altitudine sulla distribuzione della vegetazione seriale nelle Alpi Orobie (Lombardia, Italia). Elevation and exposition influence on vegetation serial distribution in Orobie Alps (Lombardia, Italy)
Authors: Castoldi Elena , Molina José A. 
Published: November 2019

Italiano. Il presente lavoro si occupa di indagare gli effetti che l’esposizione e l’altitudine esercitano sulle formazioni erbacee ed arbustive della Val Varrone, valle prealpina orientale del bacino imbrifero del lago di Como. Tramite cluster analysis sono stati caratterizzati 6 aggruppamenti vegetali attribuibili a 6 associazioni fitosociologiche. Gli aggruppamenti sono stati poi caratterizzati dal punto di vista ecologico, d’accordo con i parametri di Landolt. Dall’analisi dell’assolazione, tramite la formula di Bartorelli, le comunità vegetali vengono distribuite spazialmente nel territorio. L’associazione Centaureo –Arrhenatheretum è diffusa a basse quote principalmente su versanti con esposizione meridionale. L’associazione Festucetum variae, invece, è stata rilevata ad altitudini piú elevate, sempre con esposizione sud. In corrispondenza della fascia intermedia, l’associazione Homogyno alpinae-Nardetum presenta la maggior ampiezza altitudinale, le associazioni Rumicetum alpinii e Alnetum viridis prediligono fasce altitudinali meno ampie, mentre l’associazione Vaccinio-Rhododendretum ferrugineum cresce su pendii ripidi. La vegetazione seriale delle Alpi Orobie (lato orientale del lago di Como) risulta essere simile a quella dell’Alto Lario Occidentale (lato occidentale).English. The aim of this work is to seek the influence of certain geographical factors such as elevation and exposition on herbaceous and shrub vegetation in Val Varrone, a pre-alpine eastern valley of Como Lake drainage basin. Through cluster analysis were identified 6 vegetation groups, referable to 6 phytosociological associations. They were ecologically characterized according to Landolt parameters. Insolation analysis based on Bartorelli formulae revealed that vegetation types are spatially distributed in the area. The CentaureoArrhenatheretum association occurs at the lower altitudes, mainly on slopes with southern exposure. The Festucetum variae association, however, was found at higher altitudes, always facing south. At the mid-range, the Homogyno alpinae-Nardetum association presents the widest altitude, both the Rumicetum alpinii and Alnetum viridis associations prefer altitudinal belts less extensive, and finally the Vaccinio-Rhododendretum ferrugineum association grows on steep slopes. The vegetation of serial Orobie Alps (the eastern side of Como Lake) appears to be similar to the Alto Lario (west side).