bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategy Creation Procedures at Corporation in Indonesia: Concept vs Practice
Authors: Rapina Rapina , Darmasetiawan Johannes Buntoro , Fuentes Rosalina O. , Doloksaribu Duarte Davinci , Noviansyah Recky 
Published: August 2020

Strategy will valuable when it is used as a managerial process for developing and sustaining the integrations between organizational goal, organizational resources, and the continuously changing market opportunity with an objective to shape and adjust organizational effort and products, so an organization can reach competitive advantage. This paper is written to contrast the strategy formulation process and the functions of strategy embedded in the formulation process in textbook theoretical side and in practical side in business organizations in Indonesia. This study uses a questionnaire to see respondents' responses. Majority of the 82 organizations participating in this study believe that they use the same strategy formulation process as the theory suggested and they also believe that they are utilizing the strategic functions embedded in the formulation process. The results of this study are expected to be able to give contribution to the business organizations when they are formulating their strategy, effort that they have to invest, and advantages that they can utilize by having a specific strategy formulation process. The well crafted and adjusted strategy to changes of the environment and internal factors will enable organizations more focus in reaching their long-term goal and adapting to uncontrollable changes.
SARS-COV-2 Transmission in México´s Dental Practice: Measures, Clinical Implications and Management
Authors: Palma José R. , Palma Pedro J. , Olivares Patricia N. , Macías Olivia 
Published: August 2020

The SARS-COV2 outbreak began as a zoonotic transmission, with Chinese horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) and pangolins being the most likely origin of the infection. Once the patient has been infected, the virus is significantly present in the nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions. The professionals who are most directly exposed to the risk of contagion are dentists since the evolutionary process of virus infection occurs due to the inhalation of particles in the dental environment, the formation of aerosols during practice, and what is more important, in the expectorations emitted by the patients. Therefore, it is necessary to act diligently in professional practice, as well as take the necessary preventive measures to avoid the spread of the infection. The appearance of this new disease forces us to modify all the sanitary measures that have been taken concerning dental care by the professional, as well as auxiliary personnel and the protection of patients, requiring strict sanitary control by the authorities of health. In the university environment, the changes that must be made to allow an open channel of communication between students, teaching, administrative and hygiene personnel must continue to prevent this and future diseases. The aim of this article is to propose a protocol for dental clinical care, considering the real conditions and needs that prevail in our practice, highlighting the risk and preventive measures that the dental professional must consider, as well as the management of patients.
France and Attempt to Resolve the Italo-Ethiopian Conflict in Late 1935: the Hoare–Laval Plan
Authors: Nesterova T. P. 
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the policy of France towards Italy and Ethiopia at the initial stage of the Italo-Ethiopian war of 1935—1936. It is shown that in the autumn of 1935, the French government took a position aimed at a peaceful settlement of the Italian-Ethiopian conflict at the expense of Ethiopia, since relations with Italy were much more important for France than relations with Ethiopia, and “real policy” required France to reach an agreement primarily with Italy. It is noted that a similar position was taken by the United Kingdom. It is indicated that this resulted in the formation of a plan for the settlement of the conflict, put forward in December 1935 by the head of the French government, Pierre Laval, and the British foreign Minister, Samuel Hoare. It is proved that the Hoare–Laval plan was an early form of the policy of “appeasement of the aggressor,” which became the leading direction of French and British foreign policy during the collapse of the Versailles system of international relations in 1938—1939. The research is based on publications of Soviet, French, Italian and Canadian diplomatic documents, League of Nations documents, memoirs of political figures of that era, as well as unpublished documents from the Archive of Publicistic Activity (Germany).
Herbicide Combinations for Control of Prostrate Spurge in Container-Grown Landscape Plant
Authors: Ruter John M. , Glaze Norman C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Studies were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to evaluate combinations of herbicides for control of prostrate spurge (Euphorbia humistrata Engelm. ex. Gray) in container-grown landscape plants. In 1989, the combination of Ronstar 2G [oxadiazon (2.24 kg/ha) (2.0 lb/A)] with Surflan 40 AS [oryzalin (2.24 kg/ha) (2.0 lb/A] or Barricade 65 WG [prodiamine (2.24 kg/ha) (2.0 lb/A)] resulted in 95% or better control of prostrate spurge. Combinations of Ronstar 2G [oxadiazon (2.24 kg/ha) (2.0 lb/A)] and Pennant 5G [metalochlor (4.48 kg/ha) (4.0 lb/A] or Rout 3G [oxyfluorfen (2.24 kg/ha) (2.0 lb/A) plus oryzalin (1.12 kg/ha) (1.0 lb/A)] controlled more than 80% of the weeds after 12 weeks in 1989. Some herbicide treatments containing oryzalin and pendimethalin reduced the root grade of Rhododendron cv. ‘Stewartsonian’ and Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Helleri’ in 1990. Herbicide treatments in the 1990 study had no effect on growth parameters of Juniperus chinensis L. ‘Pfitzeriana Glauca’. Rout (oxyfluorfen plus oryzalin) was the only herbicide in the 1990 study which reduced the number of prostrate spurge plants per pot in all three landscape species after 10 weeks. Dry weight of prostrate spurge was reduced approximately 3.6 × when Rout was used on ‘Stewartsonian’ azalea. Improved prostrate spurge control due to certain herbicide combinations did not result in increased foliar growth indices of the species used in this study. Dinitroanaline herbicides should be tested further for crop phytotoxicity and potential prostrate spurge control.
Economic Linkages of the U.S. Greenhouse and Nursery Products Industry
Authors: Harris Thomas R. , Rader Libby J. , Johnson Wayne S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The greenhouse and nursery products sector is a growth industry. Economic linkages of this growth industry to other sectors of the national economy are of interest. The total economic activity generated by the greenhouse and nursery products sector is approximately equally divided between economic activity derived from input purchases by the greenhouse and nursery products sector (backward linkages) and processing and distribution of output by the greenhouse and nursery products sector (forward linkages).
Economic Factors Affecting Sales of U.S. Nursery Stock
Authors: Johnson Larry A. , Jensen Kim H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The impacts of economic forces on the sales of U.S. nursery stock were identified and measured with graphical and statistical methods. Results demonstrate the effect of general economic conditions on the sale of domestically produced nursery plants. The sale of nursery stock tracks closely with changes in the Gross National Product (GNP), negatively with inflation, and positively with the share of private residential construction allocated to home renovations and additions. Results suggest that growers can use these economic indicators to gauge the outlook for their industry.
Timing, Acclimation Period, and Cupric Hydroxide Concentration Alter Growth Responses of the Ohio Production System
Authors: Arnold Michael A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) was used as a model system to determine the effects of reduced greenhouse and acclimation phases of the Ohio production system for use in the mid-southern portion of the U.S. Initiation of the greenhouse phase could be delayed from early February to early March without reducing end-of-season growth. Eliminating the acclimation phase reduced seedling survival, but extending the acclimation phase beyond 7 days did not improve growth. In another experiment, common baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) were grown in straight-walled round plastic containers painted with 25, 50, or 100 g Cu(OH)2/l (0.83, 1.67, or 3.34 oz/qt) Spin Out™ carrier, in nontreated straight-walled round containers, in nontreated stepped-pyramid pots, or in stepped-pyramid pots painted with 100 g Cu(OH)2/l (3.34 oz/qt). Either container type treated with 100 g Cu(OH)2/l effectively controlled root deformation. Nontreated stepped-pyramid pots reduced root circling, but did not control kinking and matting of roots at container surfaces.
Landscape Architects as Related to the Landscape/Nursery Industry: I. Impact on Demand for Plant Material
Authors: Garber M. P. , Bondari K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A survey of landscape architects in Georgia was conducted to help growers and landscape contractors work more closely with this group. We received 62 completed surveys for a 37% response. About 66% of the Georgia firms are located in the metro Atlanta area. We established three size classes of firms based on the 1990 wholesale value of plants specified, small (&lt;$200 K), medium ($200–999 K), and large (≥$1 M). Comparisons are made among size classes and data are presented for each size class. Approximately 21% of the firms accounted for 67% of the plants specified in 1990. It is estimated that Georgia landscape architects specified about $85 M of plants in 1990. About 90% of the firms conduct a majority of their business in Georgia and indicated that 85% of all projects are in-state. However, 47% of the plant material specified by these firms is obtained from outside the state of Georgia. This implies that $34 M worth of plant material used in Georgia is sourced out-of-state.
Landscape Architects as Related to the Landscape/Nursery Industry: II. Selection of the Production Nursery and Plant Availability
Authors: Garber M.P. , Bondari K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Information concerning the role of the landscape architect in verifying plant availability and selection of the production nursery where landscape contractors obtain plants can help growers develop effective marketing plans. A survey of Georgia landscape architects indicates that about 84% of the respondents confirm availability of plant material specified. A higher percentage of large firms (about 92%) confirm availability compared to medium (85.7%) and small (79.3%) firms. The three most frequently used sources of information for landscape architects to confirm plant availability are favorite local grower, nursery catalogs, and landscape contractor likely to install plants. The top three choices are the same regardless of firm size. Survey results demonstrate that landscape architects not only confirm availability of plants but also play an important role in selecting the production nursery where landscape contractors obtain plants. Approximately 61% of all respondents indicate they determine/recommend the nursery where landscape contractors obtain plants. There is a significant difference among firm size in response to this question with large firms most active in selecting the production nursery (about 92%) followed by medium (57%) and small (50%) firms. The two factors that most influence the decision of large firms are plant quality and plant varieties. Large firms are more price conscious than medium or small firms. The results suggest that growers can enhance their sales by marketing their product directly to landscape architects.
Fertilizer Levels and Medium Affect Foliage Plant Growth in an Ebb and Flow Irrigation System
Authors: Poole R.T. , Conover C.A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Three species of foliage plants were produced with three media, in an ebb and flow irrigation system (experiments 1 and 3) or with overhead manual irrigation (experiments 2 and 4). Expt. 1 used a constant feed program of 24N-3.5P-13K (24-8-16) soluble fertilizer added to the water supply at rates of 0.21, 0.42, 0.63 or 0.84 g/L. In experiments 2, 3 and 4, plants were fertilized with a constant feed program using the soluble fertilizer at 0.63 g/L or with a 19N-2.6P-10K (19-6-12) slow release fertilizer at rates of 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5 g/15 cm (6 in) pot. Plants produced in a Canadian sphagnum peat:pine bark mix were shorter and received lower plant grades compared to Fafard #4 and Vergro Container Mix. Height increase and plant grade for all plants was greater when fertilizer rate was increased from 0.21 to 0.42 g/L (0.79 to 1.58 g/gal), but height increase and plant grade did not improve much as fertilizer rates rose beyond 0.42 g/L (1.58 g/gal). In expt. 3, increase in height and plant grade for plants treated with 0.63 g/L (2.36 g/gal) soluble fertilizer was similar to height increase and plant grade for plants receiving the 5.0 and 7.5 g/15 cm pot slow release fertilizer.
Effects of Seed Priming on Plug Production of Coreopsis lanceolata and Echinacea purpurea
Authors: Finnerty Terry , Zajicek Jayne M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Seeds of Coreopsis lanceolata (coreopsis) and Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower) were primed to determine whether improved plug production of these herbaceous perennials would result. Experiments were conducted at two locations: Texas A&M University (TAMU), College Station, Texas; and Buell's Inc., Cibolo, Texas. Location had a significant effect on emergence, with both species having greater emergence percentages at Buell's Inc. than at TAMU. This effect is attributed mainly to watering systems and plug aeration. Priming significantly increased emergence of only E. purpurea grown at TAMU. Seedlings from seeds primed in 50 mM potassium salts for nine days at 15°C (59°F) had more than twice the emergence percentage (47%) of seedlings from nonprimed seeds (21 %). Priming did have a significant effect on the root development of both species. Echinacea purpurea seedlings from primed seeds had a 44 to 51% increase in total root area compared to nonprimed seeds. Coreopsis lanceolata seedlings from primed seeds had up to an 85% increase in root area compared to seedlings from nonprimed seeds. In plug systems, relatively developed root systems may result in positive growth response after transplanting.
Taxol Concentration In Taxus Cultivars
Authors: Incorvia Mattina Mary Jane , Paiva Anthony A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Taxol is a naturally occurring diterpene alkaloid which has significant anticancer activity. In order to assess the full chemotherapeutic potential of the drug, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) requires sufficient material for the treatment of 12,000 patients with a variety of cancers. The current principal source of the compound is the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. While NCI's short range goal may be achieved through the processing of T. brevifolia bark, it is imperative to identify alternative or supplemental sources of taxol for environmental, economic, and humanitarian reasons. One potential source of the drug is biomass from commercial Taxus plantings. In this study needles from 14 cultivars of Taxus were analyzed for taxol content. Samples were obtained from 7- to 12-year-old plants at four commercial nurseries, as well as 15-year-old plantings from the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station's test plots. Taxol concentrations in the needles varied from a low of 118 ppm in T. cuspidata ‘Sieboldii’ to a high of 882 ppm in T. x media ‘Nigra’ on a dry weight basis.
Performance of Landscape Plants from Yugoslavia in the North Central United States
Authors: Widrlechner Mark P. , Hasselkus Edward R. , Herman Dale E. , Iles Jeffery K. , Pair John C. , Paparozzi Ellen T. , Schutzki Robert E. , Wildung David K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
From 1975 through 1979, 38 new, landscape plant introductions from Yugoslavia were distributed for testing in the NC-7 Regional Landscape Plant Trials. Twenty-seven of these introductions were evaluated for 10 years at seven or more sites, representing a broad range of environmental conditions in the north central United States. For these 27 introductions, first-year survival averaged 71%. Only four introductions had less than 50% first-year survival. Tenth-year survival varied widely among introductions and trial sites. Eight populations were adapted to most trial sites, ten populations were adapted to some sites, and nine populations were not adapted to any site. The most promising and broadly adapted introductions were Viburnum opulus, Pinus sylvestris, and Pinus nigra. Temperature and moisture data from Yugoslavia and from trial sites were used to examine relationships between plant adaptation and climate. Statistically significant, multiple-regression models were calculated that describe the functional relationships of low temperatures and moisture conditions at trial sites with adaptation. The models predict that these plants are best adapted to sites with winters milder than those typical in the north central United States and with precipitation in excess of potential evapo-transpiration.
Importance of Five Natural Christmas Tree Characteristics as Related to Socioeconomic Variables and Opinions of Choose-and-Cut Farms' Customers
Authors: Florkowski W. J. , Lindstrom O.M. , Florkowska M.A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Information about preferred tree features, purchasing habits, preference of a natural versus artificial tree, and socioeconomic characteristics was collected from customers of choose-and-cut Christmas tree farms in Georgia. The preferred tree features are shape, followed by density and height. Color and price are the least important. The test on means of consumers' socioeconomic characteristics revealed that male and female respondents differed in their preference for shape, height, and price; consumers' education impacted the importance of tree height and color; income influenced the importance attached to shape, density, and price. Estimation of models with preferred tree features (shape, density, height, color and price) as dependent variables identified significant negative and positive influences of independent variables. In general, college educated respondents were less concerned about the importance of tree features; female respondents were more concerned about tree shape and price than male respondents; respondents who felt that a natural tree made the season special were less concerned with density and height; an expected visit of a relative during Holidays had a negative impact on the importance of tree height and color suggesting that the visit may have encouraged the tree purchase, but tree features were considered less important.
Resistance of Selected Rose Cultivars to Variants of Marssonina rosae in Mississippi
Authors: Spencer James A. , Wood Opal W. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Seven isolates of Marssonina rosae (imperfect stage of Diplocarpon rosae) exhibited differences in colony color on potato-dextrose agar and in conidial measurements. Four of the isolates selected for pathogenicity tests differed in virulence when inoculated to 76 selected rose cultivars. The Chickasaw variant was the least virulent and the Oktibbeha variant was the most virulent. Cultivars ‘Brandy’, ‘Choo Choo Centennial’, and ‘First Prize’, showed resistance to all variants. ‘Coral Destiny’, ‘Golden Masterpiece’, ‘Goldilocks’, ‘Jennifer Hart’, and ‘Spartan’ showed resistance to three variants. Forty-two cultivars showed susceptibility to all variants tested.
Tolerance of Nineteen Species of Container Grown Landscape Plants to Postemergence Applications of Basagran
Authors: Wilson Chris , Whitwell Ted 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Nineteen container grown landscape species were evaluated for tolerance to postemergence (topical) applications of Basagran (bentazon) at 1.1 and 2.2 kg ai/ha (1 and 2 lb ai/A). Visual injury ratings were made at 14 and 37 days after treatment and growth measurements at the end of the study. Both rates of Basagran were phytotoxic to Amagasa Azalea (Rhododendron satsuki ‘Amagasa’), Crimson Pygmy Barberry (Berberis thunbergii D.C. ‘Crimson Pygmy’), Coral Beauty Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster dammeri C.K. ‘Coral Beauty’), Heavenly Bamboo (Nandina domestica Thunb.) and Holmstrup Arbovitae (Thuja occidentalis L. ‘Homstrup’) 14 days after treatment. Azalea and Heavenly Bamboo treated with the low rate recovered from the earlier injury by 37 days after treatment. Sasanqua Camellia (Camellia sasanqua Thunb. ‘Cleopatra’), Rotunda Holly (Ilex cornuta Lindl. and Paxt. ‘Rotunda’) and Schellings Dwarf Yaupon Holly (Ilex vomitoria Ait. ‘Schellings’), Hetzi Blue Chinese Juniper (Juniperus chinensis L. ‘Hetzi I. Glauca’), and Wax-Leaf Privet (Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.) exhibited no visual damage or growth reduction. The remaining species were injured to differing degrees.
Prodiamine Suppresses Spreading Dayflower (Commelina diffusa) Facilitating Hand-Weeding in Leatherleaf Fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) Ground Beds
Authors: Stamps Robert H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Plots in a leatherleaf fernery uniformly infested with spreading dayflower were treated with prodiamine at 0, 2.2, 4.5 or 6.7 kg ai/ha (0, 2, 4 or 6 lb ai/A) to determine if it would suppress spreading dayflower and make weeding easier without adversely affecting leatherleaf fern. Dayflower suppression was determined by visually estimating weed coverage and by measurement of fresh weight, surface area, leaf number and root length. Morphological changes related to ease of removing dayflower were noted by counting the numbers of normal and stubby roots. By 120 days after prodiamine treatment, spreading dayflower coverage was reduced by at least 66%. Also spreading dayflower fresh weight, leaf number, surface area and root length were reduced by prodiamine and were positively correlated with the force required to remove stem segments from the soil. This weeding force declined logarithmically as prodiamine rate increased and was negatively correlated with the number of stubby roots. Less than 18% of the roots were normal in the prodiamine-treated plots and vine breakage during stem segment removal tests occurred only in the untreated plots. Leatherleaf fern frond color, vigor, and vase life were not affected by treatments.
Effect of Cold Storage on Bud Break, Root Regeneration and Shoot Extension of Douglas Fir, Paper Birch and Green Ash
Authors: Roger Harris J. , Bassuk Nina L. , Whitlow Thomas H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Dormancy level, days to bud break, root regrowth and rate of shoot extension were determined for 18-in seedlings of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) subjected to varying durations of cold storage. Douglas fir seedlings did not break bud unless exposed to at least 4 weeks of cold storage, but bud break was unaffected by further time in cold storage. The number of regenerated roots increased with time in cold storage until 12 weeks of chilling and decreased sharply thereafter. Days to bud break of paper birch and green ash decreased as chilling time accumulated. Full dormancy release and maximum root regeneration of paper birch coincided at 10 weeks of chilling. Green ash achieved full dormancy release after 14 weeks of cold storage. The number of roots regenerated increased with cold storage duration for green ash. Shoot extension rate of all species was little affected by chilling duration. Implications for transplanting are discussed.