bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beheersing van legaal particulier (vuur)wapenbezit: de voorgeschiedenis
Authors: Maat J.H. 
Published: November 2020

Beheersing van legaal particulier (vuur)wapenbezit: de voorgeschiedenis
De Nederlandse wapenwetgeving is gericht op de beheersing van het legale en de bestrijding van het illegale wapenbezit. Dit beleid kent een lange voorgeschiedenis. De houding van de overheid was hierin ambivalent, waarbij niet alleen sprake was van beperkingen op particulier wapenbezit. Wapenbezit is van overheidswege zelfs actief bevorderd, waarbij controles aan huis – anders dan tegenwoordig – bedoeld waren om vast te stellen of men wel over voldoende wapens beschikte om de burgerplicht te kunnen vervullen. Er werden echter wel maatregelen genomen om het risico van misbruik zoveel mogelijk beheersbaar te maken, waarvan sommige nog doorwerken tot heden ten dage.
A “Not Particularly Felicitous” Phrase: A History of the “Behavioral Sciences” Label
Authors: Pooley Jefferson D. 
Published: November 2020

The article reconstructs the history of the "behavioral sciences" label, from scattered interwar use through to the decisive embrace of the newly prominent Ford Foundation in the early Cold War. The rapid uptake of the label, the article concludes, was the result of the Ford Foundation’s 1951 decision to name its social science unit the “Behavioral Sciences Program” (BSP). With Ford’s encouragement, the term was widely adopted by quantitative social scientists eager to tap the foundation’s social science funds. The label’s newness and its link to the gigantic foundation’s initiative generated much suspicion and resistance as well.
Erickson et al.: How Reason Almost Lost Its Mind
Authors: Goederle Wolfgang 
Published: November 2020

Book Review of:
Paul Erickson, Judy L. Klein, Lorraine Daston, Rebecca Lemov, Thomas Sturm, and Michael D. Gordin, How Reason Almost Lost Its Mind: The Strange Career of Cold War Rationality.Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013Pp. vii+259ISBN 978-0-226-04663Price: $35.00 (cloth)
Antibacterial activity of human defensins againstStaphylococcus aureusandEscherichia coli
Authors: Bolatchiev Albert 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe global problem of antibiotic resistance requires the search for and development of new methods of treatment. One of the promising strategies is the use of low doses of antimicrobial peptides, in particular, human defensins HNP-1, hBD-1, and hBD-3, in combination with antibacterial drugs already used in clinical practice. This approach may be used to increase the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics. However, this requires thorough study of the effectiveness of defensins in combination with antibiotics against a large number of bacterial strains with known phenotypes of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this work was to study the antibacterial effect of HNP-1, hBD-1 and hBD-3 in combination with rifampicin or amikacin against clinical isolates ofStaphylococcus aureus(n= 27) andEscherichia coli(n= 24) collected from hospitalized patients.MethodsThe standard checkerboard assay was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobials. The combined microbicidal effects of two substances (defensin + conventional antibiotic) were assessed by the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI).ResultsThe highest anti-staphylococcal activity (including methicillin-resistant strains) among defensins was demonstrated by hBD-3 that had MIC of 1 (0.5–4) mg/L (hereinafter, MIC values are presented as median and interquartile range). The MIC of HNP-1 againstS. aureuswas 4 (2–8) mg/L; the MIC of hBD-1 was 8 (4–8) mg/L. AgainstE. coli, the most effective was also found to be hBD-3 that had MIC of 4 (4–8) mg/L; the MIC of HNP-1 was 12 (4–32) mg/L. The combinations of HNP-1 + rifampicin and hBD-3 + rifampicin demonstrated synergistic effects againstS.aureus. AgainstE. coli, combinations of HNP-1 + amikacin and hBD-3 + amikacin also showed synergy of action.
Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Analysis of the Ethanolic Extract of Rosehip Seed Press Cake
Authors: Tanor E. B. , Matamane R. P. , Hapazari I. , Magama S. 
Published: November 2020

Aims: Rosehip seed press cake is a waste material in the industrial extraction of rosehip seed oil using cold press process. The current study seeks to evaluate the phytochemical profile, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extract of rosehip seed press cake using standard methods and DPPH assay.
Study Design: This is an experimental laboratory report on the phytochemical properties and antioxidant potential of the ethanolic semi-solid extract (ESE) of rosehip seed press cake in order to assess its commercial viability as a food supplement.
Place and Duration of Study: The work was conducted in the Department of Chemistry, National University of Lesotho, from August 2019 to March 2020.
Methodology: Ethanol was used for the extraction of the semi-solid extract (ESE) from the rosehip seed press cake. The ESE was analysed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. In vitro antioxidant activity of the ESE was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. For data analysis, mean and standard deviation were computed for each parameter that was quantitatively determined.
Results: Presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, sterols, glycosides, reducing sugars, proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, phenols and polyphenols in the ESE was confirmed. Total phenolics and flavonoids content were found to be 134.44 mg GAE/g DW and 73.23 mg QE/g DW, in the range of 200 to 3000 µg/ml respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extract was found to be in the range 10.32±3.89 and 76.06±3.48% within the concentration range and was very close to the scavenging activity of DPPH at concentrations ≥ 1500 µg/ml. The ESE showed an IC50 value of 1367.06 µg/ml relative to that of the positive control, ascorbic acid, being <200 µg/ml.
Conclusion: The ESE from the rosehip seed press cake was found to be very promising as a food supplement since 50% of the 16 screened phyto-constituents were present in high concentrations; 6.25% were detected in moderate concentrations and another 6.25% were present in low concentrations. Furthermore, the ESE exhibited antioxidant properties. Further studies are recommended to obtain more information on its composition and suitability additive in animal feed or as a food supplement.
Molecular Characterization of Ciprofloxacin Resistant Escherichia coli from Ghana
Authors: Attipoe Israel Mensah- , Opintan Japheth A. , Newman Mercy J. , Ashong Prince Pappoe- 
Published: November 2020

Aim: This study aimed to characterize ciprofloxacin-resistance genes in clinical Escherichia coli isolates obtained from a six-month antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance from Ghana.
Methods: Eighty-three of 440 archived E. coli isolates were confirmed by biochemical reactions and resistance profiles by the disc diffusion method. These isolates were cultured from urine (42), stool (23), vaginal swabs (12), wounds (5) and heart valve (1) during AMR surveillance. Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) by E-test method was performed on all E. coli isolates that were resistant to ciprofloxacin by the disc diffusion method. Additionally, all isolates with reduced MIC to ciprofloxacin (>32 µg/ml) were selected for molecular assays. Three chromosomal and nine plasmid-mediated resistance genes were screened in all Ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli (CRE) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Randomly selected amplified genes were commercially sequenced and analyzed.
Results: In total, 47/83 (56.6%) E. coli isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 29 (61.7%) had MIC values greater than 32 µg/ml. Chromosomal mediated genes (gyrA, gyrB and parC) were present in all 29 CRE isolates (100%). Distribution of the plasmid-mediated genes were as follows; qnrA 16/29 (55.1%), qnrB 16/29(55.1%), qnrC 22/29(75.8%), qnrS 26/29(89.6%), qepA 5/29(17.2%) and oqxB 19/29(65.5%). Genes encoding for altered aminoglycoside acetyltransferase [aac(6’)1bcr] were also present in all 29 CRE isolates. The majority (72.4%) of the CRE isolates had gyrA mutations at codons 83 and 87. In parC, the mutations were at codons 71 and 80. Five isolates had mutations at codon 56 and four each had mutations at positions 79 and 80.
Conclusion: In this study, fluoroquinolone resistance genes were identified in all CRE isolates, mostly with putative mutations in the Quinolone Resistance Determining Region (QRDR). These chromosomal and plasmid-mediated genes may be widespread in Ghana and associated with CRE from the AMR surveillance. Although new mutations points were identified in parC, they may not be linked to the CRE.
Relationship between Worship Time and Attendance in Orthodox Church, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Ezeanyim O. C. , Nwankwo C. O. , Umeozokwere A. O. 
Published: November 2020

The perturbation in members worship attendance data with respect to service duration and a general impression among members, that worship attendance recorded at sessional services, was due to the worship duration, gave rise to this investigative research. There has never been a study in this relation of worship time and members attendance in the church. This study therefore seeks to clarify thinking, in the service time and attendance relationships among the worshipers. To satisfy the needs of the relationships, a correlation analysis was conducted using available data from 62weekly service observations for an orthodox church in south-south Nigeria, by applying parametric and nonparametric correlation methods. The correlations coefficient were obtained by using the Pearson, Kendall and Spearman correlation methods which showed 63, 53 and 66% correlations respectively as well as a significant value of 0.000 result for each individual methods. The results show that there is a significant relationship that exists between both variables under consideration. This insightful and informative research outcome will disabuse or soothe the minds of these members as well as guide the church leadership’s poise in membership growth, development and management of gospel dissemination across sub-Saharan Africa.
Stakeholder Development of an Online Program to Track Arthritis‐Related Patient‐Reported Outcomes Longitudinally: Live Yes! INSIGHTS
Authors: Schifferdecker Karen E. , Butcher Rebecca L. , Knight Erin , Creek Emily , Schrandt M. Suzanne , Marrow Laura , Jaffe Marie , Vinci Arlene , Eakin Guy 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivePatient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly used in clinical settings but may not provide benefits to patients outside of health encounters. The Arthritis Foundation’s Live Yes! Network provides an opportunity for PROM use by individuals and the network that assists individuals with managing their arthritis between encounters. Our objective was to develop a patient‐reported outcomes platform for the network, Live Yes! INSIGHTS, using mixed methods and extensive stakeholder input.MethodsA mixed methods longitudinal transformation design was used, starting with semistructured interviews to specify the main priorities of the program, literature review to identify potential PROMs, modified Delphi and nominal group technique to select final PROMs, and focus groups to guide program implementation, messaging, and use of results. We gathered input from 93 participants, including from individuals living with arthritis (74% of participants), caregivers, providers, researchers, and measurement experts.ResultsOur mixed methods study resulted in the selection of Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)‐29, PROMIS Emotional Support Short Form v2.0, and the Health Care Empowerment Questionnaire, to be deployed through a Qualtrics platform. Triangulation of data resulted in identification of potential risks and benefits, including confidentiality, ability to personally track and share data, and an opportunity to contribute to research.ConclusionAn accessible measurement system backed by psychometrically strong PROMs, created with robust stakeholder engagement, and linked to a national patient network sets the stage for individuals with arthritis to better monitor and improve health outcomes both outside and inside health care settings and for the network to customize programming to meet needs.
Biomimetic Anti‐PD‐1 Peptide‐Loaded 2D FePSe3 Nanosheets for Efficient Photothermal and Enhanced Immune Therapy with Multimodal MR/PA/Thermal Imaging
Authors: Fang Xueyang , Wu Xianlin , Li Zhendong , Jiang Lijun , Lo Wai‐Sum , Chen Guanmao , Gu Yanjuan , Wong Wing‐Tak 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMetal phosphorous trichalcogenides (MPX3) are novel 2D nanomaterials that have recently been exploited as efficient photothermal–chemodynamic agents for cancer therapy. As a representative MPX3, FePSe3 has the potential to be developed as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) agents due to the composition of Fe and the previously revealed PA signal. Here, a FePSe3‐based theranostic agent, FePSe3@APP@CCM, loaded with anti‐PD‐1 peptide (APP) as the inner component and CT26 cancer cell membrane (CCM) as the outer shell is reported, which acts as a multifunctional agent for MR and PA imaging and photothermal and immunotherapy against cancer. FePSe3@APP@CCM induces highly efficient tumor ablation and suppresses tumor growth by photothermal therapy under near‐infrared laser excitation, which further activates immune responses. Moreover, APP blocks the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway to activate cytotoxic T cells, causing strong anticancer immunity. The combined therapy significantly prolongs the lifespan of experimental mice. The multimodal imaging and synergistic therapeutic effects of PTT and its triggered immune responses and APP‐related immunotherapy are clearly demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. This work demonstrates the potential of MPX3‐based biomaterials as novel theranostic agents.
Monitoring winter wheat growth at different heights using aerial imagery
Authors: Miller Jarrod O. , Adkins James 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrones (unmanned aerial vehicles) provide another system to mount sensors for measuring plant characteristics. For winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) this can include evaluating stands and making nitrogen (N) recommendations. Timing these flights and adequate camera resolution (based on flying height), must be known before applying tasks. This study observed six winter wheat planting populations (222, 297, 371, 445, 494, and 544 seeds m–2) at three different heights above ground level (30, 60, and 120 m) over three growing seasons. Plant populations could be separated at all growth stages and heights flown but were easier to separate right after emergence (GS11). In the spring, additional tillering caused the higher populations (371–544 seeds m–2) to have similar normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), much like the final yields. Comparing changes in NDVI between flights was also successful in separating high and low planting populations, with inverse relationships in the fall and spring. A random forest classification of tiller counts by NDVI measurements ranked change in NDVI between stages as the most important compared to single flights. As separation and classification was successful at the lowest camera resolution (120 m), it can be possible for scouts to collect whole field imagery for analyses prior to deciding on split N applications.
Detecting children's true and false denials of wrongdoing: Effects of question type and base rate knowledge
Authors: Domagalski Kirsten , Gongola Jennifer , Lyon Thomas D. , Clark Steven E. , Quas Jodi A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne common and unfortunately overlooked obstacle to the detection of sexual abuse is non‐disclosure by children. Non‐disclosure in forensic interviews may be expressed via concealment in response to recall questions or via active denials in response to recognition (e.g., yes/no) questions. In two studies, we evaluated whether adults' ability to discern true and false denials of wrongdoing by children varied as a function of the types of interview question the children were asked. Results suggest that adults are not good at detecting deceptive denials of wrongdoing by children, even when the adults view children narrate their experiences in response to recall questions rather than provide one word answers to recognition questions. In Study 1, adults exhibited a consistent “truth bias,” leading them toward believing children, regardless of whether the children's denials were true or false. In Study 2, adults were given base‐rate information about the occurrence of true and false denials (50% of each). The information eliminated the adults' truth bias but did not improve their overall detection accuracy, which still hovered near chance. Adults did, however, perceive children's denials as slightly more credible when they emerged in response to recall rather than recognition questions, especially when children were honestly denying wrongdoing. Results suggest the need for caution when evaluating adults' judgments of children's veracity when the children fail to disclose abuse.
Intradermal delivery of receptor‐binding domain of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein with dissolvable microneedles to induce humoral and cellular responses in mice
Authors: Kuwentrai Chaiyaporn , Yu Jinming , Rong Li , Zhang Bao‐Zhong , Hu Ye‐Fan , Gong Hua‐Rui , Dou Ying , Deng Jian , Huang Jian‐Dong , Xu Chenjie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe S1 subunit of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike protein contains an immunogenic receptor‐binding domain (RBD), which is a promising candidate for the development of a potential vaccine. This study demonstrated that intradermal delivery of an S‐RBD vaccine using a dissolvable microneedle skin patch can induce both significant B‐cell and significant T‐cell responses against S‐RBD. Importantly, the outcomes were comparable to that of conventional bolus injection.
Biosynthetic Intermediate Probes for Visualizing and Identifying the Biosynthetic Enzymes of Plant Metabolites
Authors: Gao Lei , Lei Xiaoguang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlant metabolites play important roles in both plant physiology and drug discovery. Taking advantage of new emerging technologies such as next generation sequencing (NGS), whole genome assembly, bioinformatics, omics‐based strategies have been demonstrated as popular and powerful ways to elucidate complex metabolic pathways in plants. In this viewpoint, biosynthetic intermediates probes have been proposed as the potentinal tools to study the plant natural product biosynthesis via chemical proteomics appoaches or transcriptome analysis.
Health‐related quality‐of‐life impact of pembrolizumab versus best supportive care in previously systemically treated patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: KEYNOTE‐240
Authors: Ryoo Baek‐Yeol , Merle Philippe , Kulkarni Amit S. , Cheng Ann‐Lii , Bouattour Mohamed , Lim Ho Yeong , Breder Valeriy , Edeline Julien , Chao Yee , Ogasawara Sadahisa , Yau Thomas , Garrido Marcelo , Chan Stephen L. , Daniele Bruno , Norquist Josephine M. , Chen Erluo , Siegel Abby B. , Zhu Andrew X. , Finn Richard S. , Kudo Masatoshi 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundHealth‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important outcome measure and prognostic indicator in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). KEYNOTE‐240 (NCT02702401) assessed the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab plus best supportive care (BSC) versus placebo plus BSC in patients with HCC who previously received sorafenib. This study presents the results of a prespecified exploratory analysis of patient‐reported outcomes.MethodsPatients completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ‐C30) and its HCC supplement (EORTC QLQ‐HCC18) electronically at baseline; at weeks 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 18; and then every 9 weeks until 1 year or end of treatment, and at the 30‐day safety follow‐up visit.ResultsThe HRQoL population included 271 and 127 patients randomly assigned to pembrolizumab and placebo, respectively. From baseline to week 12, changes in both scores were similar between pembrolizumab and placebo; global health status/QoL scores were stable. The proportions of patients who improved, remained stable, or deteriorated across all functional domain and symptom scores were generally similar between pembrolizumab and placebo. Time to deterioration was similar between the 2 arms based on the prespecified analysis of EORTC QLQ‐HCC18 domains of abdominal swelling, fatigue, and pain.ConclusionPembrolizumab preserved HRQoL during treatment for advanced HCC. Combined with efficacy and safety results from KEYNOTE‐240, these findings support a positive benefit/risk profile for pembrolizumab in a second‐line treatment setting for patients with HCC who previously received sorafenib.
Diets with high carbohydrate contents were associated with refeeding hypophosphatemia: A retrospective study in Japanese inpatients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Yamazaki Tadahiro , Inada Shuji , Sawada Mika , Sekine Rie , Kubota Naoto , Fukatsu Kazuhiko , Yoshiuchi Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveRefeeding hypophosphatemia (RH) is a potentially fatal complication in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and its dietary preventive strategy is not well established. We aimed to examine the association between carbohydrate content in the diet and the occurrence of RH in inpatients with AN via retrospective medical chart review.MethodWe performed a chart review to collect data of patients with AN hospitalized at the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine of the University of Tokyo Hospital between April 1, 2012, and February 29, 2020. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the cutoff point of the percentage of carbohydrate content in the diet for the occurrence of RH. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with occurrence of RH as the dependent variable and the carbohydrate content of more than the identified cutoff point as the independent variable adjusting for the risk factors for RH.ResultsThe percentage of carbohydrate content that is higher than the cutoff point obtained from the ROC analysis (58.4%) was significantly associated with the occurrence of RH, even after adjusting for variables associated with RH in univariate logistic regression analysis (age and body mass index) as well as the average daily calorie intake (odds ratio, 5.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.60–18.1; p = .0066).DiscussionWe identified that diets with higher carbohydrate contents were associated with RH in inpatients with AN, even after adjusting for known risk factors. Our findings may promote the development of dietary preventive strategies against RH in inpatients with AN.