bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled clinical trial comparing implant sites augmented with a volume‐stable collagen matrix or an autogenous connective tissue graft: 3‐year data after insertion of reconstructions
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Gasser Thomas J. W. , Jung Ronald E. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo assess mid‐term clinical, radiographic and profilometric outcomes at implant sites, previously grafted with a volume‐stable collagen matrix (VCMX) or an autogenous subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG).MethodsVCMX or SCTG were randomly applied to single implant sites in 20 patients. Following abutment connection and insertion of final reconstructions (baseline), patients were re‐examined at 6 months (6M), at 1 year (FU‐1) and at 3 years (FU‐3). Measurements included the following: clinical data, radiographic measurement of first bone to implant contact (fBIC), soft tissue thickness and volumetric outcomes. Non‐parametric tests and estimates were applied for the statistical analysis.ResultsThe median buccal mucosal thickness increased by 0.5 mm (Q1: ‐0.5; Q3: 1.25) (VCMX) (p = .281) and by 0.8 mm (Q1: 0.0; Q3: 2.5) (SCTG) (p = .047) between BL and FU‐3 (intergroup p = .303). The profilometric changes of the buccal soft tissues demonstrated a median decrease between BL and FU‐3 of −0.2 mm (Q1: −0.5; Q3: −0.1) (p = .039) for VCMX and a decrease of −0.1 mm (Q1: −0.8; Q3: 0.1) (p = .020) for SCTG, respectively (intergroup p = .596). Peri‐implant soft tissues and bone levels remained healthy throughout the entire study period. PROMs did not show any significant differences between the groups nor significant changes over time.ConclusionMinimal changes of the peri‐implant tissue contour as well as of the soft tissue thickness were observed at implant sites previously grafted with VCMX or SCTG.
Self‐Administered Acupressure for Caregivers of Older Family Members: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cheung Denise Shuk Ting , Tiwari Agnes , Yeung Wing‐Fai , Yu Doris Sau Fung , So Mike Ka Pui , Chau Pui Hing , Wang Xiao‐Min , Lum Terry Yat Sang , Yuk Fung Helina Yin King , Ng Benson Yuk Ming , Zhang Zhang‐Jin , Lao Lixing 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVETo test whether self‐administered acupressure reduces stress and stress‐related symptoms in caregivers of older family members.DESIGNIn this randomized, assessor‐blind, controlled trial, 207 participants were randomized (1:1) to an acupressure intervention or a wait‐list control group.SETTINGCommunity centers in Hong Kong, China.PARTICIPANTSPrimary caregivers of an older family member who screened positive for caregiver stress with symptoms of fatigue, insomnia, or depression.INTERVENTIONThe 8‐week intervention comprised four training sessions on self‐administered acupressure, two follow‐up sessions for learning reinforcement, and daily self‐practice of self‐administered acupressure.MEASUREMENTSThe primary outcome was caregiver stress (Caregiver Burden Inventory). Secondary outcomes included fatigue (Piper Fatigue Scale), insomnia (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire), and health‐related quality of life (QoL) (12‐item Short‐Form Health Survey version 2). An intention‐to‐treat analysis was adopted.RESULTSOf 207 participants, 201 completed the study. Caregiver stress in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group after 8 weeks (difference = −8.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −13.20 to −3.04; P = .002) and at 12‐week follow‐up (difference = −8.52; 95% CI = −13.91 to −3.12; P = .002). The intervention group, relative to the control group, also had significantly improved secondary outcomes of fatigue (difference = −0.84; 95% CI = −1.59 to −0.08; P = .031), insomnia (difference = −1.34; 95% CI = −2.40 to −0.27; P = .014), depression (difference = −1.76; 95% CI = −3.30 to −0.23; P = .025), and physical health‐related QoL (difference = 3.08; 95% CI = 0.28‐5.88; P = .032) after 8 weeks.CONCLUSIONSelf‐administered acupressure intervention significantly relieves self‐reported caregiver stress and co‐occurring symptoms in those caring for older family members. Further studies are needed to measure the symptoms objectively and to examine the clinical importance of the observed improvement in caregiver stress. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1193–1201, 2020.
Voltage‐induced Ca2+release by ryanodine receptors causes neuropeptide secretion from nerve terminals
Authors: Velázquez‐Marrero Cristina , Custer Edward E. , Marrero Héctor , Ortiz‐Miranda Sonia , Lemos José R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDepolarisation‐secretion coupling is assumed to be dependent only on extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]o). Ryanodine receptor (RyR)‐sensitive stores in hypothalamic neurohypophysial system (HNS) terminals produce sparks of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) that are voltage‐dependent. We hypothesised that voltage‐elicited increases in intraterminal calcium are crucial for neuropeptide secretion from presynaptic terminals, whether from influx through voltage‐gated calcium channels and/or from such voltage‐sensitive ryanodine‐mediated calcium stores. Increases in [Ca2+]iupon depolarisation in the presence of voltage‐gated calcium channel blockers, or in the absence of [Ca2+]o, still give rise to neuropeptide secretion from HNS terminals. Even in 0 [Ca2+]o, there was nonetheless an increase in capacitance suggesting exocytosis upon depolarisation. This was blocked by antagonist concentrations of ryanodine, as was peptide secretion elicited by high K+in 0 [Ca2+]o. Furthermore, such depolarisations lead to increases in [Ca2+]i. Pre‐incubation with BAPTA‐AM resulted in > 50% inhibition of peptide secretion elicited by high K+in 0 [Ca2+]o. Nifedipine but not nicardipine inhibited both the high K+response for neuropeptide secretion and intraterminal calcium, suggesting the involvement of CaV1.1 type channels as sensors in voltage‐induced calcium release. Importantly, RyR antagonists also modulate neuropeptide release under normal physiological conditions. In conclusion, our results indicate that depolarisation‐induced neuropeptide secretion is present in the absence of external calcium, and calcium release from ryanodine‐sensitive internal stores is a significant physiological contributor to neuropeptide secretion from HNS terminals.
Pitfalls in acute febrile illness diagnosis: Interobserver agreement of signs and symptoms during a dengue outbreak
Authors: Buonora Sibelle Nogueira , Passos Sonia Regina Lambert , Daumas Regina Paiva , Machado Matheus Garcia Lago , Berardinelli Guilherme Miguéis , de Oliveira Diana Neves Rodrigues , de Oliveira Raquel de Vasconcellos Carvalhaes 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo compare and evaluate interobserver (nurses and physicians) agreement for dengue clinical signs and symptoms, including the World Health Organization diagnostic algorithm.BackgroundAgreement of clinical history defines the capacity of the examiner to measure a given clinical parameter in a reproducible and consistent manner, which is prerequisite for diagnosis validity. Nurses play a major role in the triage and care of dengue patients in many countries.Study designThis is a sub‐study on interobserver agreement performed as part of a cross‐sectional diagnostic accuracy study for acute febrile illness (AFI) using the checklist STARD.MethodsA previously validated semi‐structured sign and symptom standardised questionnaire for AFI was independently administered to 374 patients by physician and nurse pairs. The interobserver agreement was estimated using kappa statistics.ResultsFor a set of 27 signs and symptoms, we found six interobserver discrepancies (examiner detected red eyes, lethargy, exanthema, dyspnoea, bleeding and myalgia) as identified by regular and moderate kappa indexes. Four signs (patient observed red eyes, cough, diarrhoea and vomiting) and one symptom (earache) had near‐perfect agreement. Most signs and symptoms showed substantial agreement. The WHO (Dengue guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control: new edition, World Health Organization, 2009) clinical criteria for dengue comprise a group of symptoms known as “pains and aches.” Interobserver agreement for abdominal pain, retro‐orbital pain and arthralgia exceed that found for headache and myalgia.ConclusionsDuring a dengue outbreak, the interobserver agreement for most of the signs and symptoms used to assess AFI was substantial.Relevance to clinical practiceThis result suggests good potential applicability of the tool by health professionals following training. A well‐trained health professional is qualified to apply the standardised questionnaire to evaluate suspected dengue cases during outbreaks.
Dynamics of liver stiffness by transient elastography in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection receiving direct‐acting antiviral therapy—Results from the German Hepatitis C‐Registry
Authors: Knop Viola , Mauss Stefan , Goeser Tobias , Geier Andreas , Zimmermann Tim , Herzer Kerstin , Postel Nils , Friedrich‐Rust Mireen , Hofmann Wolf Peter ,   German Hepatitis C‐Registry
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe impact of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapies on fibrosis regression remains uncertain. In the current study, we prospectively evaluated dynamics of liver stiffness by transient elastography (TE) in patients with chronic HCV infection receiving DAA‐based treatment. Patients (260) were enrolled in the German Hepatitis C‐Registry (DHC‐R), a national multicentre real‐world cohort. Liver stiffness (LS) was assessed at baseline, end of treatment (EOT) and 24 weeks after EOT (FU24) by TE. Biochemical, virological and clinical data were obtained in parallel. In patients with SVR, there was a significant improvement of LS between baseline (median [range], 8.6 [1.7‐73.5] kPa) and FU24 (7.9 [1.7‐75 kPa]; P < .0001) as well as between EOT (8.4 [1.7‐73.5 kPa]) and FU24 [P < .0001]. Stratified by fibrosis stage, patients classified into F4 had higher magnitude of LS reduction between BL (median [range], 25.1 [13.5‐73.5] kPa) and FU24 (21.5 [3.1‐75] kPa; P = .002) compared to those with F2‐F3 (8.9 [7.1‐12.4] kPa and 8.8 [4.2‐29.1]; P = .060) or F0‐F1 (5.3 [1.7‐7] kPa and 5.2 [1.7‐7.7]; P = .064). In cirrhotic patients, low platelets were significantly associated with lack of liver stiffness improvement, both at EOT (P = .018) and at FU24 (P = .012). LS significantly correlated with ALT (r = .371), AST (r = .552), platelets (r = −.499), GGT (r = .250), bilirubin (r = .230), APRI score (r = .512), FIB‐4 score (r = .517) and FORNS index (r = .562); P < .0001. Liver elastography improved significantly in our real‐world cohort after DAA‐based therapy. As LS correlates similarly with transaminase levels and serum fibrosis markers, it might reflect both reduction of necroinflammation and fibrosis regression.
Turning a green alga red: engineering astaxanthin biosynthesis by intragenic pseudogene revival in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Perozeni Federico , Cazzaniga Stefano , Baier Thomas , Zanoni Francesca , Zoccatelli Gianni , Lauersen Kyle J. , Wobbe Lutz , Ballottari Matteo 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii does not synthesize high‐value ketocarotenoids like canthaxanthin and astaxanthin; however, a β‐carotene ketolase (CrBKT) can be found in its genome. CrBKT is poorly expressed, contains a long C‐terminal extension not found in homologues and likely represents a pseudogene in this alga. Here, we used synthetic redesign of this gene to enable its constitutive overexpression from the nuclear genome of C. reinhardtii. Overexpression of the optimized CrBKT extended native carotenoid biosynthesis to generate ketocarotenoids in the algal host causing noticeable changes the green algal colour to reddish‐brown. We found that up to 50% of native carotenoids could be converted into astaxanthin and more than 70% into other ketocarotenoids by robust CrBKT overexpression. Modification of the carotenoid metabolism did not impair growth or biomass productivity of C. reinhardtii, even at high light intensities. Under different growth conditions, the best performing CrBKT overexpression strain was found to reach ketocarotenoid productivities up to 4.3 mg/L/day. Astaxanthin productivity in engineered C. reinhardtii shown here might be competitive with that reported for Haematococcus lacustris (formerly pluvialis) which is currently the main organism cultivated for industrial astaxanthin production. In addition, the extractability and bio‐accessibility of these pigments were much higher in cell wall‐deficient C. reinhardtii than the resting cysts of H. lacustris. Engineered C. reinhardtii strains could thus be a promising alternative to natural astaxanthin producing algal strains and may open the possibility of other tailor‐made pigments from this host.
Co‐expression of human calreticulin significantly improves the production of HIV gp140 and other viral glycoproteins in plants
Authors: Margolin Emmanuel , Oh Youngjun J. , Verbeek Matthew , Naude Jason , Ponndorf Daniel , Meshcheriakova Yulia Alexandrovna , Peyret Hadrien , van Diepen Michiel T. , Chapman Ros , Meyers Ann E. , Lomonossoff George Peter , Matoba Nobuyuki , Williamson Anna‐Lise , Rybicki Edward P. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryPlant molecular farming (PMF) is rapidly gaining traction as a viable alternative to the currently accepted paradigm of producing biologics. While the platform is potentially cheaper and more scalable than conventional manufacturing systems, expression yields and appropriate post‐translational modifications along the plant secretory pathway remain a challenge for certain proteins. Viral fusion glycoproteins in particular are often expressed at low yields in plants and, in some cases, may not be appropriately processed. Recently, however, transiently or stably engineering the host plant has shown promise as a strategy for producing heterologous proteins with more complex maturation requirements. In this study we investigated the co‐expression of a suite of human chaperones to improve the production of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 soluble gp140 vaccine candidate in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The co‐expression of calreticulin (CRT) resulted in a dramatic increase in Env expression and ameliorated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response ‐ as evidenced by lower transcript abundance of representative stress‐responsive genes. The co‐expression of CRT similarly improved accumulation of glycoproteins from Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), suggesting that the endogenous chaperone machinery may impose a bottleneck for their production. We subsequently successfully combined the co‐expression of human CRT with the transient expression of human furin, to enable the production of an appropriately cleaved HIV gp140 antigen. These transient plant host engineering strategies are a promising approach for the production of high yields of appropriately processed and cleaved viral glycoproteins.
The emergence of dyadic pretend play quality during peer play: The role of child competence, play partner competence and dyadic constellation
Authors: Jaggy Ann‐Kathrin , Mainhard Tim , Sticca Fabio , Perren Sonja 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe quality of social pretend play may have a positive impact on children's development. This study investigated to what degree this quality is a characteristic of a child versus a function of the play partner or the specific pairing of two children. For this purpose, preschool children's general pretend play quality (actor effect), their general influence on their play partner's pretend play quality (partner effect) and the role of the specific constellation between two children (relationship effect) were examined in a dyadic setting. Potential associations of the effects with children's age, gender, social cognitive and social competencies, as well as the dyadic composition of these variables and their friendship were examined. Children completed two to four dyadic pretend play situations with different peers. They were tested for their language ability, theory of mind and emotion understanding. Educators rated children's social competence (cooperation and sociability) and evaluated their friendship with one another. A social relations model analysis was conducted. The results indicated that children's pretend play quality was determined to the same degree by the child and by the specific pairing of two children. Positive associations were found between children's pretend play quality and age, emotion understanding and sociability on the individual level. Further, the quality of children's social pretend play benefited from having older and more advanced play partners.
Calcite U–Pb age of the Cretaceous vertebrate‐bearing Bayn Shire Formation in the Eastern Gobi Desert of Mongolia: Usefulness of caliche for age determination
Authors: Kurumada Yuto , Aoki Shogo , Aoki Kazumasa , Kato Daichi , Saneyoshi Mototaka , Tsogtbaatar Khishigjav , Windley Brian F. , Ishigaki Shinobu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo verify the usefulness of calcite U–Pb measurement for vertebrate‐bearing strata in the Eastern Gobi, Mongolia, we performed laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry calcite U–Pb and trace element analyses of three caliche (calcrete) of the Bayn Shire Formation. The trace element analysis demonstrates high concentration of U in the calcites. Two meaningful calcite U–Pb ages were obtained; 95.9 ± 6.0 and 89.6 ± 4.0 Ma, which are consistent with published ages from the Bayn Shire Formation. Our results demonstrate that the calcite U–Pb method can be powerful tool for age determination of vertebrate‐bearing strata in the Gobi that do not contain index fossils or beds, but do contain caliches. This would make it possible for a comparison of biostratigraphy between the Gobi and other areas yielding abundant vertebrate fossils in Asia, North America and Europe, based on chronological data.
Cyanobacterial occurrence and geosmin dynamics in Paldang Lake watershed, South Korea
Authors: Youn Seok Jea , Kim Hun Nyun , Yu Soon Ju , Byeon Myeong‐Seop 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between cyanobacteria and geosmin occurrence in the Paldang Lake watershed, South Korea, by examining samples from the Bukhan and Namhan Rivers weekly from 2011 to 2015. Cyanobacteria were detected in summer, when water temperatures reached 20°C or more.Merismopedia, non‐nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria, dominated the Namhan River, which had high nitrogen concentrations. In the Bukhan River,Dolichospermum, nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria, was dominant. Temporary nitrogen inflow into the Bukhan River due to rainfall transformed the cyanobacterial community from one dominated by nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria (Dolichospermum) to one dominated by non‐nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria (Microcystis). Geosmin was highly correlated withDolichospermumin the Bukhan River (r = 0.947,P < 0.01) and its concentration changed in accordance withDolichospermumcell counts. In theMerismopedia‐dominated Namhan River, geosmin concentrations were low, suggesting that the cyanobacterial community composition affects geosmin levels.
Evolución de la definición y naturaleza de la autonomía universitaria en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional de Colombia
Authors: Gómez Restrepo, S.J. Luis Felipe , Quintana López Enrique , Calderón Bolaños Nicolás Calderón Bolaños 
Published: February 2020

En el presente documento se analizará el desarrollo histórico jurisprudencial que ha hecho la Corte Constitucional colombiana sobre la noción de Autonomía Universitaria[1], buscando identificar la naturaleza jurídica de este concepto y su alcance, lo que servirá como contexto para estudiar cómo la Corte Constitucional ha entendido y desarrollado esta institución que le asiste a las universidades del país. Para este efecto, se han estudiado cerca de cien sentencias que la Corte Constitucional ha dictado desde el año de 1992, momento en que inició actividades, hasta el mes de agosto del 2018, teniendo en cuenta sentencias de constitucionalidad, de revisión de tutela y de unificación jurisprudencial, que además han sido sistematizadas de acuerdo con los escenarios constitucionales que plantean[2] y con la frecuencia de citación que hay entre ellas, resultados que se plasman en dos documentos anexos de este artículo. [1] En adelante en el presente texto se referirá a la Autonomía Universitaria simplemente como AU. [2] Un "escenario constitucional" es el patrón fáctico típico (con su correspondiente campo de intereses contrapuestos) en el que la Corte ha especificado, mediante subreglas, el significado concreto de un principio constitucional abstracto. Véase: Diego López Medina, El Derecho de los Jueces, 2a. ed., Legis, Bogotá, 148 (2006).
Effect of Non-Axisymmetric Endwall Profiling on Heat Transfer and Film Cooling Effectiveness of a Transonic Rotor Blade
Authors: Li Jinjin , Yan Xin , He Kun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Effects of non-axisymmetric endwall profiling on total pressure loss, heat transfer, and film cooling effectiveness of a transonic rotor blade were numerically investigated. The numerical methods, including the turbulence model and grid sensitivity, were validated with the existing experimental data. To reduce the thermal load on endwall, non-axisymmetric endwall profiling near leading edge and at pressure-side corner area was performed with a range of contour amplitudes. Heat transfer and flow fields near the profiled endwalls were analyzed and also compared with the plain endwall configuration. On the profiled endwall, three kinds of cooling holes, i.e., cylindrical holes, rounded-rectangular holes, and elliptical holes, were arranged, and film cooling effect was investigated at three blowing ratios. Results indicate that, with endwall profiling, the area-averaged Stanton number on endwall is reduced by 7.71% and total pressure loss in cascade is reduced by 11.07%. Among three kinds of cooling holes, the arrangement of the elliptical hole performs the best film cooling effect on the profiled endwall. Compared with the plain endwall, non-axisymmetric endwall with elliptical cooling holes improves film cooling coverage by 10.87%, reduces the Stanton number by 8.88%, and increases the net heat flux reduction performance by 4% at M = 0.7.