bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apuntes críticos sobre el control judicial de constitucionalidad en el Ecuador
Authors: Gaibor Gallardo Gonzalo M. 
Published: December 2020

La aprobación de la Constitución de la República del Ecuador (CRE) en el año 2008 marcó un giro transcendental en el paradigma del derecho constitucional ecuatoriano. A partir de este momento, y a la luz del nuevo estado de derechos y justicia social consagrado en la Constitución, se concibe por primera vez a la Corte Constitucional (CC) como un organismo especializado e independiente de las demás funciones del Estado. Es preciso dejar sentado que durante el siglo XX también se instituyeron Tribunales Constitucionales, sin embargo, la estructura y atribuciones de estos no eran precisamente los de un organismo de jurisdicción constitucional que ejerce su acción de forma plena. Así, en la Constitución de 1945 se crea el Tribunal de Garantías Constitucionales (TGC) como un órgano de control constitucional, dependiente de los demás poderes del Estado, con escasas competencias para realizar el control sobre la ley. En el presente artículo se realizará un breve análisis de la evolución de la jurisdicción constitucional en el Ecuador. A partir de la Constitución de 2008, la forma de concebir la organización del Estado en el Ecuador tiene un impacto directo sobre el control judicial de constitucionalidad, dado que todos los jueces ocupan un sitio estelar como custodios de los derechos de quienes acuden ante la administración judicial. Así sucede, al menos, en el plano formal, pues en la práctica jurisdiccional existe una brecha marcada entre el diseño formal y la materialización del estado de derechos. No obstante, la declaración de inconstitucionalidad de la ley es una competencia exclusiva de la Corte Constitucional. Los jueces de los distintos tribunales se limitan a realizar un trabajo colaborativo con el órgano encargado de la jurisdicción constitucional. Dicho esto, se ha proscrito de manera tajante la posibilidad de que los jueces ordinarios declaren la inconstitucionalidad de cualquier norma jurídica.
Recibido: 20.11.2020Aceptado: 21.12.2020
Amplifying the Religious Moderation from Pesantren: A Sketch of Pesantren’s Experience in Kediri, East Java
Authors: Thoriquttyas Titis , Hanun Farida 
Published: December 2020

One of the issues which has been attracted by Muslim scholars is the religious moderation mainstreaming. Pesantren, as the oldest and indigenous educational institution in Indonesia, is inseparable from such issue. This study examines the development of moderation a basic idea of pesantren. This paper is divided into three parts. First is introducing the articulation of moderation in pesantren from various perspectives. Second is discussing the idea of Arkoun and al Jabiri’s ideas and its relation on moderation and pesantren. Third is elaborating the moderation of pesantren from its curriculum’s and extracurricular activities. This paper concerned on how Islamic moderation has shaped and disseminated through the learning process in pesantren?. Furthermore, this research was conducted at ﬁve pesantren in Kediri, East Java by considering their typologies and management. By using the interview method, literature study and in-depth observation, this research has produced data related to the research theme. Then, the results of research are to explore the complexity and continuity of Islamic moderation in pesantren and to prove that moderation mainstreaming in the grassroot is not static but ﬂexible and dynamic as well as being ﬂuid and multi-dimensional through the learning process and the extracurricular activities.
Pilgrimage, Tradition, and Social Status: The Ritual of Hajj as an Identity for Moslems Community in Gresik
Authors: Muawanah Siti , Mustolehudin Mustolehudin 
Published: December 2020

Hajj is a hard worship for the Moslems because it requires three abilities at the same time: physical ability, mental ability, and ﬁnancial ability. Consequently, not all people are able to perform the hajj. Furthermore, hajj is a very long process of worship and, therefore, has given birth to numerous traditions from the departure until the arrival from the holy land. In line with the phenomena of hajj, especially in the context of Gresik East Java Indonesia, this study strives to explore how the tradition of hajj is performed. By using qualitative method, this research found some important ﬁndings. First, there are various traditions conducted by people of Gresik in terms of performing hajj: pamitan haji, sejarah haji, walimatussafar, dulkadiran, nuzulan, khatmil Qur’an, and tasyakuran. These traditions are performed because they are considered important especially for those who will embark on their hajj journey. Second, from the socio-economic perspective, the performance of hajj traditions can result in social discrepancy for the lower middle-class people. The implication is that for the people of Gresik who have only been able to aﬀ ord the cost of the hajj journey, then the cost of the hajj traditions can be a peculiar morale burden because the cost of the hajj traditions is equal to the personal cost of the hajj journey.
The role of bacterial metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Shcherbakova E. S. , Sall T. S. , Sitkin S. I. , Vakhitov T. Ya. , Demyanova E. V. 
Published: December 2020

The review deals with the role of aromatic amino acids and their microbial metabolites in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Pathological changes typical for NAFLD, as well as abnormal composition and/or functional activity of gut microbiota, results in abnormal aromatic amino acid metabolism. The authors discuss the potential of these amino acids and their bacterial metabolites to produce both negative and positive impact on the main steps of NAFLD pathophysiology, such as lipogenesis and inflammation, as well as on the liver functions through regulation of the intestinal barrier and microbiota-gut-liver axis signaling. The review gives detailed description of the mechanism of biological activity of tryptophan and its derivatives (indole, tryptamine, indole-lactic, indole-propyonic, indole-acetic acids, and indole-3-aldehyde) through the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), preventing the development of liver steatosis. Bacteria-produced phenyl-alanine metabolites could promote liver steatosis (phenyl acetic and phenyl lactic acids) or, on the contrary, could reduce liver inflammation and increase insulin sensitivity (phenyl propionic acid). Tyramine, para-cumarate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acids, being by-products of bacterial catabolism of tyrosine, can prevent NAFLD, whereas para-cresol and phenol accelerate the progression of NAFLD by damaging the barrier properties of intestinal epithelium. Abnormalities in bacterial catabolism of tyrosine, leading to its excess, stimulate fatty acid synthesis and promote lipid infiltration of the liver. The authors emphasize a close interplay between bacterial metabolism of aromatic amino acids by gut microbiota and the functioning of the human body. They hypothesize that microbial metabolites of aromatic amino acids may represent not only therapeutic targets or non-invasive biomarkers, but also serve as bioactive agents for NAFLD treatment and prevention.
Comparing Differences and Similarities Between Chinese and American Women's Experiences of Stress Urinary Incontinence and Health-Seeking Behaviors During Pregnancy
Authors: Zhai Jinguo , Jefford Elaine , Tyer-Viola Lynda , Joseph Hagan , Ebert Lyn 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUNDStress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a globally pervasive health condition that is often first experienced during pregnancy and may well continue beyond pregnancy. Yet, definitive numbers of prevalence are uncertain due to multiple factors including embarrassment. This study compares differences and similarities between Chinese and American women's experiences of SUI and health-seeking behaviors during pregnancy.METHODOLOGYThis study used a cross-sectional design to explore health-seeking behaviors of primigravida women within the first 5 days following birth in China (n = 178) and the United States of America (n = 178) who experienced SUI using the Impact of Incontinence Questionnaire short form (IIQ-SF).RESULTSWhile more Chinese women experienced SUI (p =.049), American women who experienced SUI experienced it earlier in their pregnancy (p = .003) and more frequently (p < .0001) than the Chinese women. Therefore, it can be assumed that although less American women experienced SUI, the impact was greater on their daily living activities. Irrespective of ethnicity, only 14% (n = 18) of women who described having SUI sought medical aid.CONCLUSIONThe disconnect between high incidence and low rates of seeking treatment needs future exploration to develop interventions tailored to educate women about SUI and its role during pregnancy.
Modeling the Effect of Mother's Characteristics on the Weight of a Newborn
Authors: Balogun Oluwafemi Samson , Atsa'am Donald Douglas , Akingbade Toluwalase Janet , Kolog Emmanuel Awuni , Agjei Richard O. , Devine Samuel Nii Odoi 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUNDNeonatal mortality related to fetal growth is a public policy issue in Nigeria.METHODTo determine maternal characteristics associated with fetal growth and neonatal birth weight, a secondary analysis of data collected from 701 mothers using a multiple linear regression model was undertaken.FINDINGSMaternal age, parity, and weight were found to be significantly associated with neonatal birth weight. The number of antenatal visits and maternal level of education were not found to be associated with neonatal birth weight.CONCLUSIONSTo the extent that providers might influence maternal weight, education and counselling during pregnancy may impact fetal growth and neonatal birth weight.
Relationship between the environment and the Coronavirus: the globalization virus
Authors: Rodrigues Wellington Pereira , Carvalho Fabio Luiz Oliveira de 
Published: December 2020

Introdução: A disseminação do SARS-CoV-2 desencadeou a pandemia do Covid-19 e destaca as relações entre meio ambiente e o coronavírus, reconhecido como vírus da globalização. Objetivo: Analisar o contexto do Coronavírus e suas relações com o meio ambiente a nível mundial; destacando os impactos desse contexto nas comunidades. Método: A pesquisa trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, através das pesquisas selecionadas nas bases de dados (BVS), Google Acadêmico, (MEDLINE) e (LILACS) utilizando pesquisas nos idiomas português e inglês, que correspondessem entre 1998-2020, selecionando 16 pesquisas. Resultados: O coronavírus é o reflexo decorrente de zoonoses, eventos e cadeias envolvendo animais e humanos, caracterizando-o com o processo de globalização. Discussão: A globalização advinda da revolução industrial contribuiu para a emergência de doenças, como Covid-19 e ocasionam modificações no ambiente, através dos animais infectados que culminam na infecção dos humanos. Conclusão: Os agentes infecciosos, causadores de grande maioria das doenças decorrentes da infecção dos animais e consequentemente dos humanos, são reflexos da globalização, degradação ambiental; sendo essenciais medidas de prevenção como a detecção e contenção do comércio na comercialização de animais, para conservação do ambiente e melhorias na saúde da população.
Palavras-chave: Covid-19; Enfermagem; Globalização; Impacto Ambiental; Meio Ambiente.
Gerakan Indonesia Tanpa Pacaran (GITP): Propaganda and Mobilization of Youths’ Social Praxis
Authors: Sulaiman Akhmad 
Published: December 2020

Gerakan Indonesia Tanpa Pacaran (GITP), as a <em>da’wa</em> movement, rises because of moral panics encouragement. It is concerned that promiscuity among youths is increasingly out of control. The Movement presenting its mission through social media is opposed by many circles. Nonetheless, it develops rapidly and obtains many followers. This research is meant to answer questions: 1) why does GITP develop rapidly although it is opposed by many circles? 2) What propaganda techniques are used by GITP so that it receives many followers? 3) How does GITP mobilize youths’ social praxis? To answer these questions, I use Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. The research concludes that the triumph of GITP is not separated from the totality of propaganda. It uses seven propaganda techniques. Mobilization of social praxis is done through three discourse functions namely ideational, identity, and relational function of discourse till it produces personal piety and militant community.
PEMETAAN PENELITIAN HADIS: Analisis Skripsi UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Authors: Darmalaksana Wahyudin 
Published: December 2020

<p>Penelitian hadis mengalami perkembangan pesat di Indonesia, namun belum ditemukan pemetaan penelitian hadis secara memadai bagi keberlanjutan pengembangan penelitian hadis pada Jurusan Ilmu Hadis di lingkungan Pendidikan Tinggi Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan penelitian hadis yang menjadi petunjuk jalan bagi pengembangan penelitian hadis. Metode penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif melalui studi pustaka dengan analisis isi pada kasus penelitian skripsi. Hasil dan pembahasan penelitian ini meliputi pemetaan penelitian hadis pada wilayah penelitian ilmu hadis dan wilayah penelitian konten hadis beserta implikasinya. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sejarah perkembangan hadis memberikan kontribusi signifikan hingga terpetakannya wilayah penelitian hadis bagi petunjuk jalan pengembangan penelitian hadis, khususnya pada Jurusan Ilmu Hadis di lingkungan Pendidikan Tinggi Islam di Indonesia.</p><p> </p><p>[<strong>Hadis Research Mapping: Thesis Analysis of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung</strong>.<strong> </strong>Hadith research has experienced rapid development in Indonesia, but there has not been an adequate mapping of hadith research to sustain the development of hadith research in the Department of Hadith in Islamic Higher Education. This study aims to map the hadith research which guides the way for the development of hadith research. This research method is qualitative through a literature study with content analysis in thesis research cases. The results and discussion of this research include mapping the hadith research in the hadith science research area and the hadith content research area and its implications. This study concludes that the history of the development of hadith has contributed significantly to the mapping of the areas of hadith research to guide the development of hadith research, particularly in the Department of Hadith in the Islamic Higher Education in Indonesia.]</p>
Motorized Internal Limb-Lengthening (MILL) Techniques Are Superior to Alternative Limb-Lengthening Techniques
Authors: Sheridan Gerard A. , Falk David P. , Fragomen Austin T. , Rozbruch S. Robert 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The field of limb lengthening has undergone substantial advancement in recent years with respect to the subjective patient experience, the rate of surgical complications, and the time required to achieve regenerate consolidation. We aimed to assess the performance of motorized internal limb lengthening (MILL) devices when compared with alternative methods of limb lengthening through systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:
Studies comparing MILL methods with alternative forms of limb lengthening were included for systematic review. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, specifically “PRECICE,” “STRYDE,” “FITBONE,” “limb lengthening,” “Ilizarov,” “distraction osteogenesis,” and “motorized internal limb lengthening,” were used to search a number of electronic bibliographic databases, including PubMed, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (World Health Organization), the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the EU Clinical Trials Register. The primary outcome measures were time to union and total length (centimeters) achieved. Kaplan-Meier survivorship curves were generated, and the 2-sample t test with equal variances was utilized to compare groups. Secondary outcomes including problems, obstacles, and sequelae were compared using a random-effects meta-analysis. To detect any evidence of publication bias, the Egger test for small-study effects was used. A number of bone-healing indices, when reported, were compared between groups.

Results:
A total of 143 limbs were lengthened using MILL techniques. These were compared with 98 limbs that were lengthened with the use of alternative techniques. The MILL cohort was found to have significantly fewer problems (p < 0.001; relative risk [RR] = 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19 to 0.52) and sequelae (p = 0.002; RR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.81) on random-effects meta-analysis. Both deep and superficial infectious complications were fewer for MILL procedures across all of the studies.

Conclusions:
MILL is associated with fewer complications than alternative methods of limb lengthening. Because of the advancements in the field of limb lengthening toward fully implantable remote-controlled internal limb-lengthening devices, MILL techniques are likely to dominate the field of limb lengthening in the foreseeable future.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pemanfaatan Data Sumberdaya Lahan untuk Pengembangan Komoditas Strategis di Indonesia
Authors: Mulyani Anny , Suryani Erna , Husnain Husnain 
Published: December 2020

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong>. Data sumberdaya lahan untuk 511 kabupaten/kota sudah tersedia mencakup peta tanah, peta kesesuaian lahan, dan peta arahan komoditas pertanian, dilengkapi dengan buku paket rekomendasi pengelolaan lahan. Komoditas yang sudah dievaluasi kesesuaian lahannya mencakup padi, jagung, kedelai, bawang merah, cabe merah, tebu, pakan ternak, kakao, dan kelapa sawit. Data sumberdaya lahan tersebut menjadi bagian penting dalam pengembangan komoditas strategis di Indonesia, terbukti dengan banyaknya permintaan data baik dari Direktorat Jenderal Teknis lingkup Kementerian Pertanian, Kementerian/Lembaga terkait, pengusaha swasta, dan para investor dalam dan luar negeri, serta perguruan tinggi. Peta tematik yang banyak diminati adalah peta kesesuaian lahan dan peta sebaran lahan potensial untuk pengembangan berbagai komoditas strategis, baik untuk intensifikasi di lahan eksisting ataupun lahan ekstensifikasi, terutama di lahan semak belukar yang belum dimanfaatkan. Permasalahan utama adalah belum tersedianya peta penggunaan lahan terkini, sehingga kemungkinan penggunaan lahannya sudah berbeda dan yang diduga potensial untuk perluasan komoditas pertanian ternyata sudah dimanfaatkan. Oleh karena itu, perlu upaya penyediaan peta status penguasaan dan penggunaan lahan terbaru, agar para pengguna data yakin bahwa lahan potensial tersebut benar tersedia di lapangan.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>. Land resources data for 511 regency/cities is available consisting of soil maps, land suitability maps, and recommended agricultural commodities maps, completed with a land management recommendation package book. Commodities that have been evaluated for land suitability including rice, corn, soybeans, shallots, red chillies, sugar cane, animal feed, cocoa, and palm oil. Land resources data is important in the development of strategic commodities in Indonesia. There has been numerous data requests from the Technical Directorate General of the Ministry of Agriculture, relevant Ministries/Institutions, private entrepreneurs and domestic and foreign investors, and universities. The most on demand thematic maps are land suitability maps and maps of potential land distribution for developing various strategic commodities both for agricultural intensification and land expansion (extensification). Unfortunately, the up to date landuse map is barely available and the precise area that is potentaly available for agricultural land expansion is hardly defined. Therefore, providing the most recent land status and landuse maps is very important to convince map users that the precise potential area for agricultural land expansion could be axactly defined.</p>
Optimal Wellbore Placement of a Penta-Lateral Well in the Schrader Bluff Reservoir, North Slope, Alaska
Authors: Maraj Priya , Huber Ken , Itter David , Nelson Jeff , Rabinovich Michael , Youngmun Alex , Antonov Yuriy , Mejia Luis , Martakov Sergey , Pazos Jhonatan , Small Austin , Tropin Nikita 
Published: December 2020

Summary
A significant oil resource exists within the Schrader Bluff and stratigraphic equivalent West Sak reservoirs located on the central North Slope of Alaska. The Schrader Bluff resource is under development in the Kuparuk River Unit, Milne Point, and within the Prudhoe Bay Unit. These areas have developed reservoirs with oil viscosities up to 200 cp under waterflood and viscosity-reducing miscible gas injection. A grass roots penta-lateral gas-lifted producer was drilled and completed to unlock untapped oil in the northern portion of the Polaris S-Pad Schrader Bluff viscous oil reservoir in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. This producer was the first multilateral well drilled in the Orion and Polaris Schrader Bluff reservoirs in ≈8 years. The team worked to unlock surface and subsurface opportunities, delivering a substantially lower cost of access than planned. Production rate from Schrader Bluff reservoir wells has a positive correlation with contacted net sandstone. Optimal well placement in each of the five laterals was key to the delivery of a successful project. A novel approach to geosteering was used to maximize net sandstone exposure, utilizing deep azimuthal resistivity and real-time user-guided multilayered inversion modeling.
Insight on Coal Swelling Induced by Monolayer and Multilayer Adsorption
Authors: Zeng Quanshu , Wang Zhiming 
Published: December 2020

Summary
Gas adsorption, desorption, and displacement occur throughout the coalbed methane (CBM) and enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery process, causing the coal pores to deform and affecting injectivity and productivity. The primary objectives of this study include determining the pressure at which the monolayer adsorption transitions to multilayer adsorption and linking the swelling strain to both classes of adsorption. In this study, the simplified local density (SLD) theory was first modified and applied to describe the characteristics of both types of adsorption and to determine the transition pressure. A strain model coupled with the SLD theory was then developed to describe adsorption-induced deformation. Next, the measured methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption isotherms, and strain data on the same coals, were collected for model validation. Results suggest that gas adsorbed on coal surfaces at the very beginning (monolayer adsorption) and the adsorption on other gas molecules continues once the surface has been filled (multilayer adsorption). Results also suggest that swelling strain is proportional to both types of adsorption, with the multilayer case being larger than the monolayer case. This difference may be due to the additional repulsion between the adsorbate and multilayer liquid film.