bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborative Comparison of Dumas and Kjeldahl Methods for Nitrogen in Feeds
Authors: Ebeling Melvin E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study to compare the Dumas and Kjeldahl methods for nitrogen determination in agricultural feed materials has been completed. The Dumas method used the Nitrogen Analyzer II, Coleman Model 29A. The mean values of the six feed materials studied showed good agreement between the two methods. Standard deviation ranged from ±0.18 to ±0.39 for the Dumas method and from ±0.06 to ±0.40 for the Kjeldahl method. For two organic standard materials studied, the Dumas method gave better accuracy. Standard deviation for both methods on these organic standards was poorer than for the feed materials, and further study is recommended.
Detection of Adulterated Concord Grape Juice with Other
Anthocyanin-Containing Products
Authors: Mattick L R , Weirs L D , Robinson W B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is proposed for the detection of the adulteration of Concord grape juice with other anthocyanin-containing products. This method is.based on the aqueous separation of the monoglucosides followed by a densitometer tracing. An increase in the malvidin inonoglucoside content of the juice indicates the possibility of adulteration with the vinifera or hybrid varieties. To more specifically determine adulteration with hybrids, an evaluation of an increase in the diglucosidc content would be used as the criterion, primarily the large increase in the malvidin 3,5-diglucoside
Collaborative Study Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for the Determination of Copper in Alcoholic Products
Authors: Strunk Duane H , Andreasen A A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted on the 'atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for measuring the concentration of copper in alcoholic products. In this method, the samples are aspirated directly into the burner of the instrument, and the absorhance values are converted to ppm copper by reference to a standard curve. Data show good precision and are comparable to those obtained by the ZDBT method. It is recommended that the atomic absorption method be adopted as official, first action.
Difference in Composition Between Crude Fiber and Acid-Detergent Fiber
Authors: Kim Jong T , Gillingham John T , Loadholt Claude B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
When crude fiber content of feces, silage, and pellets was determined by the AOAC and acid-detergent methods, the ADF method invariably yielded higher results. Differences between methods varied directly with lignin content of original materials and were most pronounced in feces. Regression equations would not provide acceptable AOAC values from determined aciddetergent fiber (ADF), especially in feces. Crude fiber was isolated from above materials by both methods and analyzed for lignin, pentosans, and cellulose. ADF contained more lignin but less pentosans and cellulose than the AOAC fiber. Differences in pentosan content were smallest. Cellulose content of the fibers varied inversely with the lignin content. ADF retained virtually all lignin and cellulose bvit lost 82— 84% of original pentosans. AOAC fiber retained original cellulose but lost 60—84% of original lignin and 80—86% of original pentosans. The retention of cellulose and the loss of pentosans by both methods are not consistent with animal digestive studies.
Response of Fertilized Eggs of the Mollusk Bankia setacea to Aflatoxin
Authors: Townsley P M , Lee E G H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 inhibits cell cleavage in fertilized mollusk eggs without preventing fertilization or nuclear division. The reaction is very dramatic and positive since fertilized eggs in the presence of aflatoxin are multinuclear, whereas the controls have multiplied to multicellular larvae. The bioassay requires a minimum of technique and training and is sensitive to concentrations of 0.05 μg/ml. Because the reaction is observed with the aid of a low-powered microscope (70X), the concentration of aflatoxin required can be reduced considerably below 0.05 μg. The test required two to four hours for completion when observing egg division and 18 hours for swimming larvae.
Method for the Detection and Estimation of Ochratoxin A in Some Cereal Products
Authors: Scott P M , Hand T B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method for the detection and semiquantitative estimation of ochratoxin A in flour and other cereal products is described which can be used in conjunction with analysis of the foodstuff for aflatoxins. The sample is extracted with aqueous methanol and n-hexane and the toxin is partitioned on a Celite column, as in the AOAC method for determination of aflatoxins in peanut products. Ochratoxin A is separated by thin layer chromatography and estimated by the intensity of fluorescence compared with that of a reference standard. By this procedure, 0.01 μg ochratoxin A can be detected in 10 μl final sample extract, corresponding to a detection limit of about 25 μg/kg cereal foodstuff. The method is applicable to whole wheat flour, corn meal, barley cereal, and rice cereal. Recoveries of 80—100% of added ochratoxin A were obtained
Comparison of Adhesive Tapes by Neutron Activation Analysis
Authors: Scott J E , Hoffman C M , Pro M J , Schlesinger H L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Adhesive tapes were compared by nondestructive gamma-ray spectrometry. Results show that neutron activation analysis can he used to characterize tapes through their elemental composition. Differences between manufacturers as well as hatch-tobatch and in-batch variations can be measured by neutron activation analysis.
Study of Moisture, Ash, and Organic Content of Peat Samples
Authors: Thorpe Virginia A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Two simple techniques are described to measure the moisture, ash, and organic content of peat materials with the necessary accuracy and precision. Recommended changes in sample size and ashing temperatures from last year's study were incorporated, and the methods were studied collaboratively. An alternative method was also included in the study; this method provides a more stable sample when pH, nitrogen, and fiber content determinations are made on the same sample. The proposed methods, as amended, are recommended for adoption as oflicial, first action.
Comparison of Slow-Release Nitrogen and Water-Insoluble
Nitrogen Methods for Fertilizers
Authors: Holt Kenneth E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was made to compare AOAC method 2.057 for determination of water-insoluble organic nitrogen (WIN) with the slow-release nitrogen method adopted as official, first action in 1965. Both methods showed improvement in precision over the 1964 study. The betweenlaboratory standard deviation of the WIN method was 6.16 in the 1964 study and 1.03 in 1966; the slow-release method was 4.42 in 1964 and 0.65 in 1966. With the improved precision, the two methods will give significantly different results on some types of fertilizers. This difference will affect the calculation of the activity index of urea formaldehyde. It is recommended that both methods be retained in Official Methods of Analysis.
Collaborative Study of a Method for Multiple
Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Nonfatty Foods
Authors: Wessel John R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Twelve collaborators from 6 laboratories studied a multiple detection gas chromatographic method (potassium chloride thermionic plus electron capture) for ronnel, ethion, Trithion, diazinon, methyl parathion, parathion, and malathion in leafy vegetables (lettuce) and fruits (apples). Residues were present at the 0.5 and 5.0 ppm levels. Average recoveries for the 7 residues at the 0.5 ppm level were 88.7% (by thermionic) and 91.2% (by electron capture) from apples. At the 5.0 ppm level, average recoveries were 89.0% (by thermionic) and 89.4% (by electron capture) from lettuce. Residues in most instances were confirmed by TLC.
Microbiological Method for Assaying Lincomycin in Animal
Feed
Authors: Neff A W , Barbiers A R , Northam J I 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Collaborative results on the assay of Iincomycin in animal feeds indicated that this antibiotic can be assayed at levels around 4 g/ton with reasonable accuracy and precision. In this study the larger of the two fortifications, which differed by only 10%, were detected 90% of the time. The method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Microbiological Assay of Procaine Penicillin in Feeds
Authors: Mayernik John J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A modified microbiological assay for the determination of penicillin was submitted for collaborative study. The assay is carried out by the cylinder plate method with Sarcina lutea, A.T.C.C. 9341, as the test organism. Modifications consist of extracting penicillin from the feed with bufferacetone (1 + 1) in a single step by either a mechanical shaker for 30 min. or a high speed blender for 2 min. In addition, when feeds contain &lt; 0.1 g/lb penicillin, a 50 g sample is extracted with 200 ml bufferacetone; otherwise, smaller samples are extracted with 100 ml. Six feeds containing 1.5—1680 g/ton penicillin were extracted both by mechanical shaker and by high speed blender and were analyzed by 13 collaborators. Difference in results between methods of extraction was not statistically significant. Recoveries ranged from 93 to 102%, coefficient of variation from 4.7 to 13.7%. It is recommended that the collaborative method be adopted as official, first action.
Detection and Identification of Dehydrated Red Beets
in Capsicum Spices
Authors: Schwien William G , Miller Bob J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Dried red beet pulp used as an adulterant in capsicum spices may be detected by removing the capsicum oil with petroleum ether and isolating the red beet particles from the decolorized spice. The beet particles are identified and confirmed by microscopic examination, paper chromatography, and spectrophotometric analysis
Determination of the Freezing Point of Milk by
Thermistor Cryoscopy
Authors: Henningson R W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Specific directions for the thermistor cryoscopic method, including uniformity in cooling, degree of supercooling, seeding, and reading procedures, are proposed for the present official method. It is emphasized that the instrument must be in the proper condition for use, must be properly calibrated, and must be properly utilized by the analyst. Each analyst should individually calibrate with standards by the same uniform procedure for standards and milk samples. The precautions necessary in the determination are part of the method and must be observed if the same sample is to yield the same freezing point value for different analysts, in different laboratories, at different times
Collaborative Studies of Methods for Butterfat in
Homogenized and Chocolate Milk
Authors: Mitchell D J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The modified rapid detergent (TeSa), AOAC Roese-Gottlieb, and Babcock methods for determining butterfat were compared in a collaborative study on 8 samples of homogenized milk by 6 laboratories. The modified rapid detergent and Roese- Gottlieb methods were also compared on 4 samples of chocolate milk by the same collaborators. There was a statistically significant difference between the Roese-Gottlieb and detergent methods in 5 laboratories for homogenized milk and in 4 laboratories for chocolate milk. Additional developmental work is necessary before the detergent method can be applied to homogenized and chocolate milk
Rapid Determination of Protein in Milk by Dye Binding
Authors: Sherbon J W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid test for protein content in fluid milk, developed by Udy, was studied collaboratively. The test is based on the spectrophotometric measurement of excess Acid Orange 12 remaining in solution after the dye-protein complex has been removed. The dye, at a concentration of 1.300 g/L, is carried in a 0.05M phosphate buffer; 40 ml dye is mixed with 2.24 ml milk. The mixture is shaken and filtered, and the supernatant is read in a previously calibrated spectrophotometer set at 480 mμ. A flow through cuvette of 0.3 mm path length is used. Collaborative results on 39 samples in 5—7 laboratories show a small but significant variation between laboratories. This variation is smaller than that obtained by the Kjeldahl method. Within-laboratory variation was less with the dye binding procedure than with the Kjeldahl procedure. Based on these results, it is recommended that the dye binding method be adopted as oflicial, first action
Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Heptachlor Content of
Formulations
Authors: Malina Marshall 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The heptachlor content of solid or liquid formulations can be determined by gas chromatography of extracts of the formulation and calculated by relating the area of the chromatographic peak to the peak of the internal standard. Results by 6 laboratories exhibit good precision and accuracy for liquid formulations but indicate a significant negative bias for solid formulations
Sweep Co-Distillation Cleanup of Fortified Edible Oils for
Determination of Organophosphate and Chlorinated
Hydrocarbon Pesticides
Authors: Storherr R W , Murray Edward J , Klein I , Rosenberg Lynn A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The technique of sweep co-distillation developed for organophosphate pesticides in fruits and vegetables was expanded for application to organophosphate and chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in edible oils. A modified longer and wider Storherr tube and heating assembly was used in this work and 3 mm diameter glass beads replaced the glass wool packing used in crop work. The work on oils was performed at 248 ± 3°C with a nitrogen flow of 600 ml/min and injection of a sweeping solvent every 3 minutes for 30 minutes. Phosphate pesticides were analyzed by GLC with a potassium thermionic detector and chlorinated pesticides were determined by ECGLC, after a micro Florisil column was used to eliminate extraneous peaks. Recoveries of ten phosphate pesticides from nine edible oils ranged from 74 to 100% at fortification levels of 0.04 to 6.25 ppm; average recoveries for the individual pesticides were 90—99%. Average recoveries for the chlorinated pesticides ranged from a low of 75% for Tedion to a high of 98% for endrin and dieldrin. Sensitivity of 0.01 is readily obtainable for compounds such as parathion and heptachlor cpoxide. The sweep co-distillation method is suitable for the rapid determination of the 14 chlorinated and 10 organophosphate pesticides tested in edible oils
Method for Isolation and Detection of Dioctyl Phthalate from Milk Lipids
Authors: Cerbulis J , Ard J S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method has been developed to isolate dioctyl phthalate (DOP, di-(2-ethyIhexyI) phthalate) from milk. Milk from an individual dairy farm was dialyzed and evaporated to dryness, and the dry residue was extracted with petroleum ether. The petroleum ether extract of dried milk was chromatographed on an alumina column as described by Hanahan. The fraction containing free fatty acids and DOP was separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC). DOP was distinguished from other phthalates by TLC and infrared spectroscopy
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Drugs: Chlorobutanol
Authors: Davidson Arthur W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method for chlorobutanol, a widely used antibacterial preservative for aqueous solutions of drugs, was studied collaboratively by 8 laboratories. In the method, chlorobutanol is eluted with carbon disulfide from a Celite column and determined by infrared spectrophotometry and/or gas-liquid chromatography. Both determinative steps are specific and accurate to ± 2—3% for aqueous solutions of chlorobutanol in the 0.1—0.5% range. Recoveries on solutions containing 0.4736% chlorobutanol were 100 ± 2.2% and 98.9 ± 2.3% for the IR and GLC determinations, respectively. Recoveries on solutions containing 0.2327% chlorobutanol were 103 ± 3.1% and 102 ± 3.3% for the IR and GLC determinations, respectively. The method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Further Collaborative Studies on the Official, First Action Tuberculocidal Test Method
Authors: Ortenzio L F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The AOAC official, first action method was slightly revised with regard to the density of the suspension of the organism used to contaminate the porcelain carriers and the addition of gelatin to the culture before maceration in the tissue grinder. Additional collaborative studies on 2 commercial germicides and on the pure chemical phenol showed that approximately one-half of the reporting laboratories were in good agreement. The method is recommended for adoption as official, final action.
Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Fat-Soluble Vitamins. IV. Application to Vitamin K1
Authors: Libby David A , Prosser A R , Sheppard Alan J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The parameters for the detection and quantitative measurement of vitamin Ki by gas-liquid chromatography are reported. On SE-30, the most satisfactory immobile phase, the vitamin K1 peak was completely resolved from tocopherols included in test materials. Quantitatively, 0.5 and 2,/μg can be effectively measured with the hydrogen flame ionization and the beta-ionization detectors, respectively. Both detectors gave a linear response to increasing quantities of vitamin K1
Determination of Loss on Drying in Roasted Ground Coffees
Authors: Mccarron Eleanor A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Air oven (at 105°C), vacuum oven (at 80 and 100°C), and toluene distillation procedures were investigated for determining moisture in roasted ground coffees. Equilibrium conditions and concordant results were found for air oven and vacuum oven (at 100°C) procedures on "fine" grinds of coffee with about 6 hours of drying. For "coarse" grinds the air oven procedure showed a uniformly lower loss than the vacuum oven procedure.
Determination of Geographical Origin of Spices. I. Cassia and Cinnamon by Thin Layer Chromatography
Authors: Voelker William A , Skarzynski Jean N , Stahl William H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A thin layer chromatographic method has been devised to differentiate the geographical origin of cinnamons (cassias). For the one-dimensional screening method, benzene-ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid (90: 10:1, v/v/v), was used as the solvent system. The two-dimensional system first used hexane-acetone (85:15) and then benzene- ethyl acetate (85:15). The following products were differentiated on the basis of fluorescing spots, some spots common to all and some spots unique: Saigon cassia, Batavia cassia, Korintji cassia, Ceylon cinnamon, and Seychelles cinnamon. The technique is primarily designed as a quality control tool to evaluate incoming shipments of raw materials. However, it can he used to determine composition of unknown mixtures of the ground cinnamons. The technique permits judgment within ± 2 0 % of one type in a mixture
Thin Layer Chromatography of Some Carbamate and Phenylurea Pesticides
Authors: Finocchiaro Josephine M , Benson Walter R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Nineteen carbamate pesticides and three structurally related phenylureas were examined on thin layer chromatographic plates. These compounds have been divided into 4 groups, based on their Rf values and their responses to chromogenic agents: 8 aryl N-methylcarbamates; 2 aryl N-methylcarbamates containing tertiary amines; compounds containing chlorine, i.e., 4 carbamates and 3 phenylureas; and 5 other carbamates. Two adsorbents, two solvent systems, and four chromogenic sprays were used to separate and distinguish these compounds. Some compounds qualitatively came through a cleanup procedure previously reported for carbaryl.
Determination of Niagara NIA-10242 and Its Phenol Degradation Product in Corn Silage and Milk and Determination of Other Carbamates by GLC of their Thiophosphoryl Derivatives
Authors: Bowman Malcolm C , Beroza Morton 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Niagara NIA-10242 (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl- 7-benzof uranyl methylcarbamate), an insecticidal carbamate, and its phenol degradation product in corn silage were analyzed as follows: liquid chromatography on alumina to separate the two compounds, alkaline hydrolysis of the carbamate to produce the phenol, steam distillation of the phenol, coupling of the phenol with dimethyl chlorotliiophospliate, and gas chromatography of the product with the phosphorus flame photometric detector (526 m/i filter). Recoveries of residues at levels of 0.5-5.0 ppm were 88-98% for the carbamate and 74—95% for the phenol. Recoveries from milk at levels of 0.5—2.0 ppm were 9 5 - 9 9% for IVIA-10242 and 7 8 - 82% for the phenol. Response was linear over at least 3 decades of concentration. The limit of sensitivity was about 0.04 ppm/100 g corn silage and 0.02 ppm/200 g milk. The derivatization procedure (without the steam distillation step) was-applied to eight other carbamates and one phenol, and the products gas chromatographed well. Because they contained phosphorus and sulfur, these derivatives were analyzed with and found to respond to the electron capture detector and the flame photometric detector in the phosphorus and sulfur modes. The procedure seems to be sensitive and highly specific for carbamates that form the thiophosphoryl derivatives
Programmed Temperature Gas Chromatographic Technique
for Detecting Trace Amounts of Fatty Acids
Authors: Iverson John L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the rapid procedure described here, orange juice is screened for the presence of sorbic acid by measuring the UV absorbance of iin alcoholic solution of the juice. The sorbic acid is isolated by solvent extraction, measured quantitatively by UV spectrophotometry, and finally identified by paper chromatography
Moisture Analysis of Freeze-Dehydrated Cottage Cheese
Authors: Fowler James L , Coleman Charles H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A large number of samples of dehydrated cottage cheese are received by government laboratories for moisture analysis, and the apparatus for performing the test by the prescribed method lacks adequate capacity to handle them. Therefore, an experiment was designed to test whether analysis by an alternative method making use of high capacity apparatus would give comparable results. It was concluded that the mechanical convection air oven, 100—102°C, 16—18 hr drying time, did not give results comparable to the specified vacuum oven method
Determination of Propylene Glycol in Cosmetics by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Gross Frederick C , Jones John H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Propylene glycol in cosmetics can be determined by co-distillation in water followed by GC measurement of the distilled propylene glycol on a Porapak Q column and a hydrogen flame detector. The procedure has been successfully applied to a number of commercial samples; 14 of 15 sample recoveries were between 95 and 102%, the other recovery was 92%.
Determination of Glycerol in Cosmetics by GLC. I. Development of the Method
Authors: Gross Frederick C , Jones John H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Glycerol, in the absence of water, may be determined easily and accurately by GLC on a column containing SAIB on silanized Chromosorb G. Aqueous glycerol solutions are dehydrated without loss of glycerin by adding 2-methoxyethanol and evaporating to a small volume. Procedures for determining glycerol in various cosmetic products are described; recoveries of glycerol by the proposed procedure ranged from 95 to 105%.
Determination of Anthraquinone Intermediates in D&C Violet No. 2
Authors: Stein Charles 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The certifiable color D&C Violet No. 2 (l-hydroxy-4-p-toluino-anthraquinone) may contain small quantities of quinizarin (1,4- dihydroxyanthraquinone) or 1-hydroxyanthraqninone. In the method described, both intermediates are extracted from D&C Violet No. 2 and are measured spectrophotoinetrically. Recoveries of 0.2 and 0.5% of added intermediates ranged from 95 to 1 0 3 %