bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evaluation of Radiologic Angular Measurements in Patients with Foot Pain
Authors: Deniz Gulnihal , Kaya Arzu , Ercan Zubeyde , Kavakli Ahmet , Ogeturk Murat 
Published: September 2020

Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between foot deformities by comparing foot radiographs of patients with complaints of foot pain with those of healthy individuals.

Methods
The study included 30 patients with pes cavus, 30 patients with pes planus, 30 patients with calcaneal spur, and 30 controls aged 30 to 60 years. All participants underwent measurement of right and left foot length; metatarsophalangeal width; and calcaneal pitch (CA), talohorizontal (TA), talometatarsal (TM), and lateral talocalcaneal (LTC) angles from lateral radiographs.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences between all participants regarding sex, age, weight, and body mass index (P > .05). Among patients with clinically diagnosed pes cavus, the diagnostic rate of CA was 100% in both feet, and 83.3% in the right foot and 96.7% in the left foot according to the TM angle. The diagnostic rates of angular measurements in patients with pes planus were as follows: 20% in the right foot and 30% in the left foot depending on the CA angle, 100% in both feet depending on the TM angle, and 66.7% in the right foot and 46.7% in the left foot depending on the LTC angle. A very strong positive correlation was found between the CA and LTC angles in patients with calcaneal spur and pes planus (P < .001); also, statistically significant positive correlation was found between the CA and TA angles (P < .05). The angular measurements in patients with calcaneal spur were found to be consistent with pes planus with a high rate.

Conclusions
Angular changes caused by deterioration of foot biomechanics lead to various deformities. Pes planus ranks first among these. Therefore, we believe that radiographic angular measurements in patients presenting with foot pain in addition to clinical evaluation would be useful in considering associated deformities and planning treatments.
Public Accounting Firm Switching: Empirical Study on Manufacturing Companies Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: . Mukhtaruddin , Saftiana Yulia , . Tiara 
Published: September 2020

Public Accounting Firm (PAF) switching in companies follows the regulation number 17/PMK.01/2008 article 3 of the Minister of Finance Republik Indonesia, which is in a period of 6 years or voluntarily.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of the size of PAF, financial distress (FD), firm size of client (FSC), client management switching (CMS), audit comitee switching (ACS) to PAF switching voluntarily on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2010-2014. The population in this research are manufacturing companies listed in IDX in 2010-2014. The sample in this study were taken by purposive sampling method and 21 companies are selected as the sample by criteria. These variables are then tested using logistic regression at a significance level of 5 percent.
The result showed that the size of PAF, FD, FSC, CMS does not affect PAF Switching and ACS has affect PAF Switching. The limitations of this research, the variables used only five independent variables, the research period only five years, and sample selection is only based on a purposive sampling.
Psychological Distress among Residents in Nigeria during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nri-Ezedi Chisom Adaobi , Nnamani Chioma Phyllis , Ezeh Nonye Ijeoma , Okechukwu Chioma , Fasesan Oluwatoyin , Ulasi Thomas Obiajulu 
Published: September 2020

Background: During an epidemic, an associated rise in mental health concerns is usually observed. The impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on mental health of adults residing in Nigeria is unknown. The current study attempts to determine the prevalence of psychological distress among adult residents in Nigeria and explore any potential risk factors.
Methodology: An online survey developed with Google form was distributed to willing respondents using social media platforms between the time period of 24th of April to 30th of May 2020. Kessler psychological distress scale was used to assess for prevalence of mental health morbidity.
Results: Overall, 815 adults responded to the survey, of which 344 (42.2%) were males and 471 (57.8%) females with a Male: Female ratio of 1:1.4. Overall, the top 3 sources of information on facts concerning COVID-19 were television (28.1%), WhatsApp (16.5%) and health care providers (14.3%), while the least source of information was the Nigerian Center for Disease Control (NCDC) (0.8%). 47.3% of the respondents had psychological distress: medium risk (41.4%) and high risk (5.9%). Significant predictors include age, occupation, income, working status, and perception of how likely the respondent believe that he or she can be infected with the disease.
Conclusion: A high prevalence of psychological distress was detected among adults living in Nigeria. This calls for an urgent review of the existing national protocol on the management of COVID-19 to include strategies and programs that will promptly detect and address the mental health needs of at-risk populations.
Transformation and issues of public housing policies facing aging society: Case review of Osaka City, Japan
Authors: Hsiao Hongwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis policy review article focuses on the transition of the public housing policies in Japan, particularly the policies regarding elderly low‐income residents. The population of Japan has aged to the point at which the elderly outnumber the residents under 15 years old, and this has presented new challenges for public housing. The changes in policy have been influenced by the aging population, and public housing is being adapted for elderly residents. The concentrations of poverty in public housing, which arguably have been exacerbated by the “Adaptability and Benefit Principle” and its rent calculation system introduced in the 1990s, remain to be resolved. Many disadvantaged elderly individuals are at risk of losing their homes, and it is necessary that the governmental entities in Japan proactively provide subsidies to property owners for the support and housing of elderly low‐income households. Osaka City is used as an example of the problems and potential solutions involved in the public housing of disadvantaged elderly.
Fatty Acids: Structures and Properties
Authors: Lund Jenny , Rustan Arild C 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFatty acids are carbon chains with a methyl group at one end of the molecule and a carboxyl group at the other end that are either saturated or unsaturated. They are essential in metabolism, serving as metabolic fuel, a necessary component of all cell membranes and function as gene regulators and signalling molecules. In addition, fatty acids have a number of industrial uses. Fatty acids generally represent 30–35% of total energy intake and the most important dietary sources are vegetable oils, dairy products, meat products, grains and fatty fish or fish oils. There is evidence of beneficial effects of additional intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly of the very long‐chain n‐3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. Optimally, a person's intake of n‐3 fatty acids should be 1–3% of total energy intake, and of n‐6 fatty acids, it should be 3–5% of total energy intake.Key ConceptsFatty acids are carbon chains with a methyl group at one end of the molecule and a carboxyl group at the other end.Fatty acids are divided into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.The major dietary fatty acids are palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, α‐linoleic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid.Fatty acids play a key role in metabolism: as a metabolic fuel, as a necessary component of all cell membranes, act as signalling molecules and as gene regulators.Fatty acids are widely used as inactive ingredients in drug preparations.Fatty acids themselves or as part of complex lipids are frequently used in personal hygiene industries.There is evidence of beneficial effects of additional intake of PUFAs, particularly the very long‐chain n‐3 fatty acids.
Radical Enzymes
Authors: Högbom Martin , Sjöberg Britt‐Marie , Berggren Gustav 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRadical enzymes harbour a free radical in their polypeptide chain, which participates in catalysis. A growing number of enzymes are known to require a posttranslationally generated free radical for their proper functioning. The radical is generally used to remove a hydrogen atom from an unreactive position in the substrate, activating the substrate to undergo difficult chemistry. Some radical enzymes have unexpectedly been found to harbour a stable radical on an amino acid side‐chain that is distinct from the side‐chains of the active site region; during catalysis, the stable free radical interacts with the active site via radical transfer, and between turnovers it serves as a radical sink.Key ConceptsRadical enzymes utilise single‐electron chemistry to enable difficult chemical reactions.Tyrosyl and tryptophanyl radicals are involved in a large number of biochemical reactions as initiators of catalysis or as partners in radical transfer pathways.Glycyl radicals are oxygen‐sensitive and have only been found in anaerobically expressed enzymes.Transient cysteinyl radicals are important intermediates in a number of radical enzymes.A transient 5′‐deoxyadensyl radical can be formed either by reductive cleavage of theS‐adenosylmethionine cofactor in a radical SAM enzyme or by homolytic cleavage of the vitamin B12 coenzyme AdoCbl.All members of the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme family utilise a transient cysteinyl radical generated by a stable radical in a separate subunit (class I), cleavage of AdoCbl (class II), or a stable glycyl radical (class III).
An analytical expression for R50% dependent on PTV surface area and volume: a lung SBRT comparison
Authors: Desai Dharmin D. , Johnson E. L. , Cordrey Ivan L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), R50% is a common metric for intermediate dose spill and is defined in RTOG 0915 as the ratio of 50% isodose cloud volume (IDC50%) to the planning target volume (PTV). By coupling sound physical principles with the basic definition of intermediate dose spill, we derive an exact analytical expression for R50% for the case of a spherical volume. This expression for R50% depends on three quantities: the surface area of PTV (SAPTV), the volume of PTV (VPTV), and the dose gradient Δr. Validity of our analytical expression for R50% was confirmed via direct comparison to peer‐reviewed, multi‐institutional, diverse clinical data. The comparison of our R50% values computed from our analytical expression to the clinical data yielded an average percent difference of 3.8 ± 4.5%.
Retrospective analysis of the impact of respiratory motion in treatment margins for frameless lung SBRT based on respiratory‐correlated CBCT data‐sets
Authors: Thengumpallil Sheeba , Racine Damien , Germond Jean‐François , Péguret Nicolas , Bourhis Jean , Bochud François , Moeckli Raphaël 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the impact of respiratory motion in the treatment margins for lung SBRT frameless treatments and to validate our treatment margins using 4D CBCT data analysis.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty nine fractions with early stage NSCLC were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated in frameless and free breathing conditions. The treatment margins were calculated according to van Herk equation in Mid‐Ventilation. For each fraction, three 4D CBCT scans, pre‐ and postcorrection, and posttreatment, were acquired to assess target baseline shift, target localization accuracy and intra‐fraction motion errors. A bootstrap analysis was performed to assess the minimum number of patients required to define treatment margins.ResultsThe retrospectively calculated target‐baseline shift, target localization accuracy and intra‐fraction motion errors agreed with the literature. The best tailored margins to our cohort of patients were retrospectively computed and resulted in agreement with already published data. The bootstrap analysis showed that fifteen patients were enough to assess treatment margins.ConclusionsThe treatment margins applied to our patient’s cohort resulted in good agreement with the retrospectively calculated margins based on 4D CBCT data. Moreover, the bootstrap analysis revealed to be a promising method to verify the reliability of the applied treatment margins for safe lung SBRT delivery.
Targeting foam cell formation in inflammatory brain diseases by the histone modifier MS‐275
Authors: Zierfuss Bettina , Weinhofer Isabelle , Buda Agnieszka , Popitsch Niko , Hess Lena , Moos Verena , Hametner Simon , Kemp Stephan , Köhler Wolfgang , Forss‐Petter Sonja , Seiser Christian , Berger Johannes 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess class I‐histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition on formation of lipid‐accumulating, disease‐promoting phagocytes upon myelin load in vitro, relevant for neuroinflammatory disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS) and cerebral X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD).MethodsImmunohistochemistry on postmortem brain tissue of acute MS (n = 6) and cerebral ALD (n = 4) cases to analyze activation and foam cell state of phagocytes. RNA‐Seq of in vitro differentiated healthy macrophages (n = 8) after sustained myelin‐loading to assess the metabolic shift associated with foam cell formation. RNA‐Seq analysis of genes linked to lipid degradation and export in MS‐275‐treated human HAP1 cells and RT‐qPCR analysis of HAP1 cells knocked out for individual members of class I HDACs or the corresponding enzymatically inactive knock‐in mutants. Investigation of intracellular lipid/myelin content after MS‐275 treatment of myelin‐laden human foam cells. Analysis of disease characteristic very long‐chain fatty acid (VLCFA) metabolism and inflammatory state in MS‐275‐treated X‐ALD macrophages.ResultsEnlarged foam cells coincided with a pro‐inflammatory, lesion‐promoting phenotype in postmortem tissue of MS and cerebral ALD patients. Healthy in vitro myelin laden foam cells upregulated genes linked to LXRα/PPARγ pathways and mimicked a program associated with tissue repair. Treating these cells with MS‐275, amplified this gene transcription program and significantly reduced lipid and cholesterol accumulation and, thus, foam cell formation. In macrophages derived from X‐ALD patients, MS‐275 improved the disease‐associated alterations of VLCFA metabolism and reduced the pro‐inflammatory status of these cells.InterpretationThese findings identify class I‐HDAC inhibition as a potential novel strategy to prevent disease promoting foam cell formation in CNS inflammation.
Cryopreservation and Laser Nanowarming of Zebrafish Embryos Followed by Hatching and Spawning
Authors: Khosla Kanav , Kangas Joseph , Liu Yilin , Zhan Li , Daly Jonathan , Hagedorn Mary , Bischof John 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study shows for the first time the ability to rewarm cryopreserved zebrafish embryos that grow into adult fish capable of breeding normally. The protocol employs a single injection of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) and gold nanorods (GNRs) into the yolk and immersion in a precooling bath to dehydrate the perivitelline space. Then embryos are encapsulated within CPA and GNR droplets, plunged into liquid nitrogen, cryogenically stabilized, and rewarmed by a laser pulse. Postlaser nanowarming, embryos (n = 282) exhibit intact structure by 1 h (40%), continued development after 3 h (22%), movement after 24 h (11%), hatching after 48 h (9%), and swimming after Day 5 (3%). Finally, from fish that survives till Day 5, two larvae are grown to adulthood and spawned, yielding survival comparable to an unfrozen control. Future efforts will focus on improving the survival to adulthood and developing methods to cryopreserve large numbers of embryos for research, aquaculture, and biodiversity preservation.
One‐Pot Mannich, Aza‐Wittig and Dehydrofluorinative Aromatization Reactions for Direct Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted 4‐Aminoquinolines
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Ma Xiaoming , Qiu Weiqi , Awad JohnMark , Evans Jason , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOne‐pot synthesis of 2,3‐disubstituted 4‐aminoquinolines is developed through a three‐component reaction of 2‐azidobenzaldehydes, α‐fluoro‐β‐ketoesters and amines involving cascade Mannich, aza‐Wittig and dehydrofluorinative aromatization. The method is applicable to other functionalized quinolines. It is a pot, atom and step economy (PASE) synthesis of biologically interesting 4‐aminoquinolines relevant to hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine.magnified image
HDL Nanoparticles Have Wound Healing and Anti‐Inflammatory Properties and Can Topically Deliver miRNAs
Authors: Wang Junyi , Calvert Andrea E. , Kaplan Nihal , McMahon Kaylin M. , Yang Wending , Lu Kurt Q. , Peng Han , Thaxton Colby Shad , Lavker Robert M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractmicroRNAs regulate numerous biological processes, making them potential therapeutic agents. Problems with delivery and stability of these molecules have limited their usefulness as treatments. It is demonstrated that synthetic high‐density lipoprotein nanoparticles (HDL NPs) topically applied to the intact ocular surface are taken up by epithelial and stromal cells. microRNAs complexed to HDL NPs (miR‐HDL NPs) are similarly taken up by cells and tissues and retain biological activity. Topical treatment of diabetic mice with either HDL NPs or miR‐HDL NPs significantly improves corneal reepithelialization following wounding compared with controls. Mouse corneas with alkali burn‐induced inflammation, topically treated with HDL NPs, display clinical, morphological, and immunological improvement. These results yield a novel HDL NP‐based eye drop for patients with compromised wound healing ability (diabetics) and/or corneal inflammatory diseases (e.g., dry eye).
Social cohesion revisited: Policy and practice in migrant concentration areas of Sydney and Melbourne
Authors: Sharples Rachel , Colic‐Peisker Val 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the understanding of social cohesion by policymakers, practitioners and residents, with particular reference to migrant concentration areas in Sydney and Melbourne. Ten suburbs we focus on had a high proportion of Muslim Australian residents and were socioeconomically disadvantaged at the time of the 2016 Australian Census. The paper is based on 52 in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews, mainly with professionals delivering local programmes and services, but also with residents. Based on interview data, the paper seeks to unpack the concept of social cohesion, particularly as it is applied to local programmes and discuss the understandings of the relationship of social cohesion with ethnic diversity and socioeconomic disadvantage. We found that most respondents considered “social cohesion” a positive feature of local and broader society, but the concept was variously understood. The understanding of its relationship with ethnic diversity and socioeconomic status of a local area also varied, but the predominant view was that social cohesion is put under stress by socioeconomic disadvantage. In some cases, “social cohesion” was understood, and criticised, as a coded policy formula for “preventing violent extremism” policies, especially in Muslim concentration areas, therefore with a potential to alienate local communities instead of helping them.
Evaluating multi‐step oxidative stabilization behavior of coal tar pitch‐based fiber
Authors: Niu Hao , Zuo Pingping , Shen Wenzhong , Qu Shijie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOxidative stabilization is an important step for isotropic pitch‐based carbon fiber preparation; coal tar pitch‐based fiber is treated by multi‐step oxidative stabilization under various conditions to investigate the oxidative stabilization mechanism. The chemical structure changes of isotropic pitch‐based fiber during the oxidative stabilization and carbonization stage are systematically characterized by In‐situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform, elemental analysis, mass spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer. These results show that the oxygen distribution gradient in oxidative stabilized fiber radial direction become homogeneously with the increasing of oxidation temperature and time under multi‐step oxidative stabilization. The resultant carbon fiber shows tensile strength of 942 ± 42 MPa and Young's modulus of 42.8 ± 3.1 GPa due to appropriate oxygen content, homogeneous oxygen distribution, more cross‐link bond (C‐O‐C) content, higher aromaticity and lower weight loss introduced in multi‐step oxidative stabilized pitch fiber. The multi‐step oxidative stabilization provides synergy effect between reaction rate and the oxygen diffusion rate as well as eliminates the oxygen concentration gradient, it provides an time‐saving and energy‐effective method for the oxidative stabilization of isotropic pitch‐based carbon material (pitch fiber, pitch microsphere, etc.) and improve the resultant carbon material performance.
Understanding and predicting future research impact at different career stages—A social network perspective
Authors: Zuo Zhiya , Zhao Kang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPerformance assessment is ubiquitous and crucial in people analytics. Scientific impact, particularly, plays a significant role in the academia. This paper attempts to understand researchers' career trajectories by considering the research community as a social network, where individuals build ties with each other via coauthorship. The resulting linkage facilitates information flow and affects researchers' future impact. Consequently, we systematically investigate the career trajectories of researchers with respect to research impact using the social capital theory as our theoretical foundation. Specifically, for early‐stage and mid‐career academics, we find that connections with prominent researchers associate with greater impact. Brokerage positions, in addition, are beneficial to a researcher's research impact in the long run. For senior researchers, however, the only social network feature that significantly affects their future impact is the reputation of their recently built ties. Finally, we build predictive models on future research impact which can be leveraged by both organizations and individuals. This paper provides empirical evidence for how social networks provide signals on researchers' career dynamics guided by social capital theory. Our findings have implications for individual researchers to strategically plan and promote their careers and for research institutions to better evaluate current as well as prospective employees.