bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of global hydrological models in six large Pan-Arctic watersheds
Authors: Gädeke Anne , Krysanova Valentina , Aryal Aashutosh , Chang Jinfeng , Grillakis Manolis , Hanasaki Naota , Koutroulis Aristeidis , Pokhrel Yadu , Satoh Yusuke , Schaphoff Sibyll , Müller Schmied Hannes , Stacke Tobias , Tang Qiuhong , Wada Yoshihide , Thonicke Kirsten 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGlobal Water Models (GWMs), which include Global Hydrological, Land Surface, and Dynamic Global Vegetation Models, present valuable tools for quantifying climate change impacts on hydrological processes in the data scarce high latitudes. Here we performed a systematic model performance evaluation in six major Pan-Arctic watersheds for different hydrological indicators (monthly and seasonal discharge, extremes, trends (or lack of), and snow water equivalent (SWE)) via a novel Aggregated Performance Index (API) that is based on commonly used statistical evaluation metrics. The machine learning Boruta feature selection algorithm was used to evaluate the explanatory power of the API attributes. Our results show that the majority of the nine GWMs included in the study exhibit considerable difficulties in realistically representing Pan-Arctic hydrological processes. Average APIdischarge (monthly and seasonal discharge) over nine GWMs is > 50% only in the Kolyma basin (55%), as low as 30% in the Yukon basin and averaged over all watersheds APIdischarge is 43%. WATERGAP2 and MATSIRO present the highest (APIdischarge > 55%) while ORCHIDEE and JULES-W1 the lowest (APIdischarge ≤ 25%) performing GWMs over all watersheds. For the high and low flows, average APIextreme is 35% and 26%, respectively, and over six GWMs APISWE is 57%. The Boruta algorithm suggests that using different observation-based climate data sets does not influence the total score of the APIs in all watersheds. Ultimately, only satisfactory to good performing GWMs that effectively represent cold-region hydrological processes (including snow-related processes, permafrost) should be included in multi-model climate change impact assessments in Pan-Arctic watersheds.
Bio-energy and CO2 emission reductions: an integrated land-use and energy sector perspective
Authors: Bauer Nico , Klein David , Humpenöder Florian , Kriegler Elmar , Luderer Gunnar , Popp Alexander , Strefler Jessica 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiomass feedstocks can be used to substitute fossil fuels and effectively remove carbon from the atmosphere to offset residual CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and other sectors. Both features make biomass valuable for climate change mitigation; therefore, CO2 emission mitigation leads to complex and dynamic interactions between the energy and the land-use sector via emission pricing policies and bioenergy markets. Projected bioenergy deployment depends on climate target stringency as well as assumptions about context variables such as technology development, energy and land markets as well as policies. This study investigates the intra- and intersectorial effects on physical quantities and prices by coupling models of the energy (REMIND) and land-use sector (MAgPIE) using an iterative soft-link approach. The model framework is used to investigate variations of a broad set of context variables, including the harmonized variations on bioenergy technologies of the 33rd model comparison study of the Stanford Energy Modeling Forum (EMF-33) on climate change mitigation and large scale bioenergy deployment. Results indicate that CO2 emission mitigation triggers strong decline of fossil fuel use and rapid growth of bioenergy deployment around midcentury (~ 150 EJ/year) reaching saturation towards end-of-century. Varying context variables leads to diverse changes on mid-century bioenergy markets and carbon pricing. For example, reducing the ability to exploit the carbon value of bioenergy increases bioenergy use to substitute fossil fuels, whereas limitations on bioenergy supply shift bioenergy use to conversion alternatives featuring higher carbon capture rates. Radical variations, like fully excluding all technologies that combine bioenergy use with carbon removal, lead to substantial intersectorial effects by increasing bioenergy demand and increased economic pressure on both sectors. More gradual variations like selective exclusion of advanced bioliquid technologies in the energy sector or changes in diets mostly lead to substantial intrasectorial reallocation effects. The results deepen our understanding of the land-energy nexus, and we discuss the importance of carefully choosing variations in sensitivity analyses to provide a balanced assessment.
Correlation of exosomal microRNA clusters with bone metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yang Xiao-Rong , Pi Can , Yu Ruoying , Fan Xiao-Jun , Peng Xiao-Xiao , Zhang Xu-Chao , Chen Zhi-Hong , Wu Xue , Shao Yang , Wu Yi-Long , Zhou Qing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract20–40% of lung cancer patients develop bone metastasis (BM) with significantly decreased overall survival. Currently, BM is mainly diagnosed by computerized tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when symptom develops. Novel biomarkers with higher prediction value of BM are needed. Plasma-derived exosomal microRNAs had been isolated and sequenced of total 30 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients including 16 with bone metastasis and 14 without bone metastasis. Hierarchical clustering based on the total miRNA profile can clearly separate cancer patients and healthy individuals (H), but not patients with (BM +) or without (BM−) BM. Weight Co-expression network of miRNAs (WGCNA) analyses identified three consensus clusters (A, B, C) of highly correlated miRNAs, among which cluster B (144 miRNAs) showed significantly differential expression in lung cancer patients, especially in BM + group. Pathway analysis of cluster B miRNAs revealed enrichment in metabolic pathways that may involve in preconditioning of the metastatic niche. Three differentially expressed miRNAs between BM + and BM− patients within cluster B were identified as miR-574-5p, a suppressor of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was down-regulated, while miR-328-3p and miR-423-3p, two activators of the same pathway, were up-regulated in BM + patients. Cluster A miRNAs (n = 49) also showed trend of upregulation in BM + patients. Interestingly, pathway analysis indicated that 43 of them are associated with chromosome14, which has been suggested to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and bone metastasis.
Late, But Not Too Late? Postponement of First Birth Among Highly Educated US Women
Authors: Nitsche Natalie , Brückner Hannah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe examine the link between the postponement of parenthood and fertility outcomes among highly educated women in the USA born in 1920–1986, using data from the CPS June Supplement 1979–2016. We argue that the postponement–low fertility nexus noted in demographic and biomedical research is especially relevant for women who pursue postgraduate education because of the potential overlap of education completion, early career stages, and family formation. The results show that women with postgraduate education differ from women with college education in terms of the timing of the first birth, childlessness, and completed fertility. While the postponement trend, which began with the cohorts born in the 1940s, has continued among highly educated women in the USA, its associations with childlessness and completed parity have changed considerably over subsequent cohorts. We delineate five distinct postponement phases over the 80-year observation window, consistent with variation over time in the prevalence of strategies for combining tertiary education and employment with family formation.
$${{\varvec{L}}}^{{\varvec{p}}}$$-Solutions and Comparison Results for Lévy-Driven Backward Stochastic Differential Equations in a Monotonic, General Growth Setting
Authors: Kremsner Stefan , Steinicke Alexander 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present a unified approach to $$L^p$$

L
p

-solutions ($$p > 1$$

p
>
1

) of multidimensional backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) driven by Lévy processes and more general filtrations. New existence, uniqueness and comparison results are obtained. The generator functions obey a time-dependent extended monotonicity (Osgood) condition in the y-variable and have general growth in y. Within this setting, the results generalize those of Royer, Yin and Mao, Yao, Kruse and Popier, and Geiss and Steinicke.
CPAS: the UK’s national machine learning-based hospital capacity planning system for COVID-19
Authors: Qian Zhaozhi , Alaa Ahmed M. , van der Schaar Mihaela 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic poses the threat of overwhelming healthcare systems with unprecedented demands for intensive care resources. Managing these demands cannot be effectively conducted without a nationwide collective effort that relies on data to forecast hospital demands on the national, regional, hospital and individual levels. To this end, we developed theCOVID-19 Capacity Planning and Analysis System(CPAS)—a machine learning-based system for hospital resource planning that we have successfully deployed at individual hospitals and across regions in the UK in coordination with NHS Digital. In this paper, we discuss the main challenges of deploying a machine learning-based decision support system at national scale, and explain how CPAS addresses these challenges by (1) defining the appropriate learning problem, (2) combining bottom-up and top-down analytical approaches, (3) using state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms, (4) integrating heterogeneous data sources, and (5) presenting the result with an interactive and transparent interface. CPAS is one of the first machine learning-based systems to be deployed in hospitals on a national scale to address the COVID-19 pandemic—we conclude the paper with a summary of the lessons learned from this experience.
Real-time virtual mouse system using RGB-D images and fingertip detection
Authors: Tran Dinh-Son , Ho Ngoc-Huynh , Yang Hyung-Jeong , Kim Soo-Hyung , Lee Guee Sang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA real-time fingertip-gesture-based interface is still challenging for human–computer interactions, due to sensor noise, changing light levels, and the complexity of tracking a fingertip across a variety of subjects. Using fingertip tracking as a virtual mouse is a popular method of interacting with computers without a mouse device. In this work, we propose a novel virtual-mouse method using RGB-D images and fingertip detection. The hand region of interest and the center of the palm are first extracted using in-depth skeleton-joint information images from a Microsoft Kinect Sensor version 2, and then converted into a binary image. Then, the contours of the hands are extracted and described by a border-tracing algorithm. The K-cosine algorithm is used to detect the fingertip location, based on the hand-contour coordinates. Finally, the fingertip location is mapped to RGB images to control the mouse cursor based on a virtual screen. The system tracks fingertips in real-time at 30 FPS on a desktop computer using a single CPU and Kinect V2. The experimental results showed a high accuracy level; the system can work well in real-world environments with a single CPU. This fingertip-gesture-based interface allows humans to easily interact with computers by hand.
On computing the Lyapunov exponents of reversible cellular automata
Authors: Kopra Johan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider the problem of computing the Lyapunov exponents of reversible cellular automata (CA). We show that the class of reversible CA with right Lyapunov exponent 2 cannot be separated algorithmically from the class of reversible CA whose right Lyapunov exponents are at most $$2-\delta$$

2
-
δ

for some absolute constant $$\delta >0$$

δ
>
0

. Therefore there is no algorithm that, given as an input a description of an arbitrary reversible CA F and a positive rational number $$\epsilon >0$$

ϵ
>
0

, outputs the Lyapunov exponents of F with accuracy $$\epsilon$$
ϵ
. We also compute the average Lyapunov exponents (with respect to the uniform measure) of the reversible CA that perform multiplication by p in base pq for coprime $$p,q>1$$

p
,
q
>
1

.
The direct and indirect impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the care of patients with pituitary disease: a cross sectional study
Authors: Graf Anneke , Marcus Hani J. , Baldeweg Stephanie E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is widely believed to have had a major impact on the care of patients with pituitary disease. The virus itself may directly result in death, and patients with adrenal insufficiency, often a part of hypopituitarism, are thought to represent a particularly susceptible subgroup. Moreover, even in patients that do not contract the virus, the diversion of resources by healthcare institutions to manage the virus may indirectly result in delays in their management. To this end, the aim of this study was to determine the direct and indirect impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with pituitary disease.

Methods
A cross-sectional study design was adopted, with all adult patients seen by our pituitary service in the year prior to the nationwide lockdown on March 23rd 2020 invited to participate in a telephone survey.

Results
In all, 412 patients (412/586; 70.3%) participated in the survey. 66 patients (66/412; 16.0%) reported having suspected COVID-19 infection. Of the 10 patients in this group tested for COVID-19 infection, three received a positive test result. No deaths due to COVID-19 were identified. 267 patients (267/412; 64.8%) experienced a delay or change in the planned care for their pituitary disease, with 100 patients (100/412; 24.3%) perceiving an impact to their care.

Conclusions
Whilst only a small percentage of patients had confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection, over half were still indirectly impacted by the pandemic through a delay or change to their planned care.
Overlapping Magnetic Activity Cycles and the Sunspot Number: Forecasting Sunspot Cycle 25 Amplitude
Authors: McIntosh Scott W. , Chapman Sandra , Leamon Robert J. , Egeland Ricky , Watkins Nicholas W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Sun exhibits a well-observed modulation in the number of spots on its disk over a period of about 11 years. From the dawn of modern observational astronomy, sunspots have presented a challenge to understanding—their quasi-periodic variation in number, first noted 175 years ago, has stimulated community-wide interest to this day. A large number of techniques are able to explain the temporal landmarks, (geometric) shape, and amplitude of sunspot “cycles,” however, forecasting these features accurately in advance remains elusive. Recent observationally-motivated studies have illustrated a relationship between the Sun’s 22-year (Hale) magnetic cycle and the production of the sunspot cycle landmarks and patterns, but not the amplitude of the sunspot cycle. Using (discrete) Hilbert transforms on more than 270 years of (monthly) sunspot numbers we robustly identify the so-called “termination” events that mark the end of the previous 11-yr sunspot cycle, the enhancement/acceleration of the present cycle, and the end of 22-yr magnetic activity cycles. Using these we extract a relationship between the temporal spacing of terminators and the magnitude of sunspot cycles. Given this relationship and our prediction of a terminator event in 2020, we deduce that sunspot Solar Cycle 25 could have a magnitude that rivals the top few since records began. This outcome would be in stark contrast to the community consensus estimate of sunspot Solar Cycle 25 magnitude.
Generation of Low-Frequency Kinetic Waves at the Footpoints of Pre-Flare Coronal Loops
Authors: Kryshtal Alexandr , Voitsekhovska Anna , Cheremnykh Oleg , Ballai Istvan , Verth Gary , Fedun Viktor 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study we discuss the excitation of low-frequency plasma waves in the lower-middle chromosphere region of loop footpoints for the case when the plasma can be considered to be in a pre-flare state. It is shown that among the well-known semi-empirical models of the solar atmosphere, only the VAL (F) model together with a particular set of basic plasma parameters and amplitudes of the electric and magnetic fields supports generation of low-frequency wave instability. Our results show that it is possible to predict the onset of the flare process in the active region by using the interaction of kinetic Alfvén and kinetic ion-acoustic waves, which are solutions of the derived dispersion equation. The VAL (F) model allows situations when the main source of the aforementioned instability can be a sub-Dreicer electric field and drift plasma movements due to presence of spatial inhomogeneities. We also show that the generation of kinetic Alfvén and kinetic ion-acoustic waves can occur both, in plasma with a purely Coulomb conductivity and in the presence of small-scale Bernstein turbulence. The excitation of the small amplitude kinetic waves due to the development of low threshold instability in plasma with relatively low values of the magnetic field strength is also discussed.
Functional Independence in the Community Dwelling Older People: a Scoping Review
Authors: Molenaar E. A. L. M. , Barten J. A. , te Velde S. , van der Schoot L. , Bleijenberg N. , de Wit N. J. , Veenhof C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAgeing potentially poses a threat to independent functioning of older adults. Although clinicians commonly focus on physical factors limiting Functional Independence (FI), it is likely that personal and environmental interactions also seem important to maintain FI. Herewith, FI exceeds several professional borders and calls for a uniform, multidisciplinary interdisciplinary supported definition of FI. This study aims to provide such a definition of FI in community dwelling older people. A scoping review was performed. Pubmed/Medline, Psychinfo and CINAHL were searched for studies describing aspects of FI. A literature-based definition of FI was discussed by experts (n = 7), resulting in a formulated final definition of FI and insight into contributing factors to FI. A multidisciplinairy focusgroup a stakeholder consultation (n = 15) ensured clinical relevance for daily practice. Data from the focusgroup stakeholder consultation were analyzed by using Atlas.ti (version 8). Based on the literature search, 25 studies were included. FI was finally defined as “Functioning physically safely and independent from another person, within one’s own context”. The contributing factors of FI comprised physical capacity combined with coping, empowerment and health literacy. Moreover, the level of FI is influenced by someone’s own context. This study confirms the relevance of the physical aspect of FI, but additionally stresses the importance of psychological factors. In addition, this study shows that one’s context may affect the level of FI as well. This underlines the importance of a holistic view and calls for multidisciplinary interdisciplinary collaboration in community-dwelling older people.
On the Lewisian Principle of Recombination and Quidditism
Authors: Lenart Karol 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss a connection between quidditism and the Lewisian principle of recombination. I begin by reconstructing a typical characterisation of a Lewisian principle of recombination, followed by an explanation of quidditism. In the remainder, I argue that a proponent of a Lewisian principle of recombination cannot endorse quidditism without some important modifications of her view.
Weight estimations with time-reversed point-light displays
Authors: Braun Claudia , Fischer Sebastian , Eckardt Nils 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInterpreting other’s actions is a very important ability not only in social life, but also in interactive sports. Previous experiments have demonstrated good estimation performances for the weight of lifted objects through point-light displays. The basis for these performances is commonly assigned to the concept of motor simulation regarding observed actions. In this study, we investigated the weak version of the motor simulation hypothesis which claims that the goal of an observed action strongly influences its understanding (Fogassi, Ferrari, Gesierich, Rozzi, Chersi, & Rizzolatti, 2005). Therefore, we conducted a weight judgement task with point-light displays and showed participants videos of a model lifting and lowering three different weights. The experimental manipulation consisted of a goal change of these actions by showing the videos normal and in a time-reversed order of sequence. The results show a systematic overestimation of weights for time-reversed lowering actions (thus looking like lifting actions) while weight estimations for time-reversed lifting actions did not differ from the original playback direction. The results are discussed in terms of motor simulation and different kinematic profiles of the presented actions.
Natural and Socioeconomic Factors and Their Interactive Effects on House Collapse Caused by Typhoon Mangkhut
Authors: Zhang Xiangxue , Nie Juan , Cheng Changxiu , Xu Chengdong , Zhou Ling , Shen Shi , Pei Yuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTyphoons are an environmental threat that mainly affects coastal regions worldwide. The interactive effects of natural and socioeconomic factors on the losses caused by typhoon disasters need further examination. In this study, GeoDetector was used to quantify the determinant powers of natural and socioeconomic factors and their interactive effects on the rate of house collapse in Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces of southeast China caused by Typhoon Mangkhut in 2018. We further identify the dominant factors that influenced the disaster losses. The local indicators of spatial association method was then introduced to explain the spatial heterogeneity of the disaster losses under the influence of the dominant factor. The results indicate that both natural and socioeconomic factors significantly affected the house collapse rate. The maximum precipitation was the dominant factor, with a q value of 0.21, followed by slope and elevation, with q values of 0.17 and 0.13, respectively. Population density and per capita gross domestic product had q values of 0.15 and 0.13, respectively. Among all of the interactive effects of the influencing factors, the interactive effect of elevation and the ratio of brick-wood houses had the greatest influence (q = 0.63) on the house collapse rate. These results can contribute to the formulation of more specific safety and property protection policies.
Approximation of function belonging to generalized Hölder’s class by first and second kind Chebyshev wavelets and their applications in the solutions of Abel’s integral equations
Authors: Lal Shyam , Priya Sharma R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, first and second kind Chebyshev wavelets are studied. New estimators $$E_{2^{k-1},0}^{(1)}$$

E

2

k
-
1

,
0

(
1
)

, $$E_{2^{k-1},M}^{(2)}$$

E

2

k
-
1

,
M

(
2
)

, $$E_{2^{k-1},0}^{(3)}$$

E

2

k
-
1

,
0

(
3
)

, $$E_{2^{k-1},M}^{(4)}$$

E

2

k
-
1

,
M

(
4
)

for first kind Chebyshev wavelets and estimators $$E_{2^{k},0}^{(5)}$$

E

2
k

,
0

(
5
)

, $$E_{2^{k},M}^{(6)}$$

E

2
k

,
M

(
6
)

, $$E_{2^{k},0}^{(7)}$$

E

2
k

,
0

(
7
)

and $$E_{2^{k},M}^{(8)}$$

E

2
k

,
M

(
8
)

for second kind Chebyshev wavelets for a function f belonging to generalized H$$\ddot{o}$$

o
¨

lder’s class have been obtained. Also, a method based on first and second kind Chebyshev wavelet approximations has been presented for solving integral equations. Comparison of solutions obtained by both wavelets method has been studied. It is found that second kind Chebyshev wavelet method gives better and accurate solutions as compared to first kind Chebyshev wavelet method. This is a significant achievement of this research paper in wavelet analysis.