bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of encapsulation agents on antioxidant activity and moisture content of spray dried powder from Mahkota Dewa fruit extract
Authors: Kathiman M N , Abdul Mudalip S K , Gimbun J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Mahkota Dewa is rich in bioactive compounds including mangiferin, saponin and polyphenols. This work aims to investigate the encapsulation of Mahkota Dewa by spray drying using different types of encapsulation agent. A subcritical water extraction process was used to extract the bioactive compounds from dried Mahkota Dewa prior to spray drying process. The encapsulation agents used were maltodextrin (MT), arabic gum (AG) and mixture of arabic gum-maltodextrin (AG-MT). The spray drying conditions namely inlet dry air temperatures, dry air flow rate and inlet feed flowrate were 200°C, 3.7 m/s and 485 mL/h, respectively. The spray dried powder samples were evaluated for antioxidant activity and moisture content and compared with those without encapsulation agent. A high value of antioxidant activity and low moisture content were observed for samples with encapsulation agents. Result suggested the maltodextrin produced particles with the lowest moisture content (4.84 %) and highest antioxidant activity (94.22%), thus can be recommended as the most suitable encapsulation agent in this work.
Production of edible fungal (Rhizopus delemar CBS 145940) biomass from organosolv-pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) in submerged fermentation
Authors: Marhendraswari MB D , Mondylaksita K , Millati R , Budhijanto W , Ferreira J A , Niklasson C , Taherzadeh M J 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAccumulation of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) from palm oil industry poses challenges for the disposal process, which leads to environmental damage. For this reason, valorization of OPEFB fractions to produce edible fungal biomass was carried out in this research. The fungus wasRhizopus delemarCBS 145940, which is an edible fungus, Indonesian indigenous, and is favorable for the production of several end products. Organosolv pretreatment was first conducted on OPEFB using ethanol (50%) as the solvent. Enzymatic hydrolysis was then performed using Cellic® Ctec3 on the pretreated-OPEFB fractions. Hydrolyzates from cellulose-rich fraction, slurry (a mixture of cellulose-rich fraction and hemicellulose-rich fraction), and hemicellulose-rich fraction were used as the cultivation media for fungal growth. The corresponding yield of fungal biomass from each medium was 0.62 ± 0.07 g/g glucose; 0.41 ± 0.02; and 0.61 ± 0.13 g/g fermentable sugars, respectively. These results showed thatRhizopus delemarCBS 145940 could be grown in all the hydrolyzates from the OPEFB fractions. Nevertheless, in order to obtain higher fungal biomass, supplementation of nutrition was needed.
Preliminary study to investigate cellulose biodegradability of Bacillus - Aspergillus and Neurospora Crassa on cassava peels (Manihot Esculenta)
Authors: Tran T , Loc H H , Ha N T V , Tan L V , Le D A , Hong L T A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cassava peel holds an abundance of nutrients that could be utilized as fertilizer in agriculture. However, high cellulose contents make it hard for organic digestion, thus slow down the absorption for plants. In this study, we investigate microorganisms for effective cellulose degradation of cassava peel waste collected directly from Hung Duy Tapioca Starch Factory in Tay Ninh Province, Viet Nam. Experiments evaluate the decrease of mass cassava peel of the two groups of Bacillus - Aspergillus and positive control strains such as Neurospora Crassa. The sample was tested on Czapek - Dox liquid culture medium, a method of assessing the dry mass difference of samples used to assess biodegradability in 28 days. Besides, tests to assess the production of products and environmental parameters such as glucose and pH were recorded. Initial results showed that the combination of Bacillus and Aspergillus provides the highest glucose concentration, reached 16.52 mg/ml and digests 53% of the cassava mass compared with a combination of Neurospora Crassa reached 11.45 mg/ml and 46% of the cassava mass. Comparison results also showed that the action potential of microorganisms was stronger when combined and provided evidence that the formation of combinations of microorganisms would work well in probiotics, which brings better environmental treatment efficiency.
Piper betle: a review on its bioactive compounds, pharmacological properties, and extraction process
Authors: Azahar N I , Mokhtar N M , Arifin M A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Piper betle is a well-known medicinal plant that cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia. This plant is made up of a large number of bioactive compounds such as tannins, flavonoids (quercetin), eugenol, hydroxychavicol and chavibetol that represent the major components of the plant. This plant has been extensively studied for its pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer. Many techniques have been used in Piper betle extraction such as soxhlet extraction, sonication extraction, maceration, ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE). Various benefits of Piper betle extract have been well utilized by the production of numerous types of plant-based products and to date, research on new products based on Piper betle is still being done. Application of Piper betle extract resulting in wide possibilities of usage in future product development. The quality and safety of Piper betle studies provide by toxicity test shows the Piper betle extract exhibit little to none toxicity level at respective concentration. This article aims to present a review of previous studies and research works conducted on Piper betle to serve as a source of additional information for future research related to the Piper betle.
Kinetic study on polyphenol and antioxidant activity from karonda fruit (Carissa carandas) extraction via microwave
Authors: Thanh-Thuy D , Quoc-Duy N , Van-Linh N T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Karonda fruit (Carissa carandas L.) is a tropical fruit rich in biological value due to its high total polyphenol content with potential antioxidant activity. In this study, the kinetics of total polyphenol and antioxidant activity extraction from the karonda fruit by microwave-assisted extraction technique was performed. Microwave power varies from 150, 300, and 450 (W); the ratio of material/solvent varies from 1:20, 1:40, and 1:60 (g/mL). The results show that changes in total polyphenol concentration and antioxidant activity during extraction can be predicted by a second-order kinetic model. Increasing the microwave power or amount of extraction solvent had the effect of increasing the extraction efficiency and extraction rate constant. However, the saturation concentration and the initial extraction rate increased when MW power increased or the amount of extraction decreased. In further study, the highest quality of extract, collected at the optimized conditions of microwave-assisted extraction, could be used to develop new food products for the health benefits of customers.
Formulation for a Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Nectar Supplement using Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Food Thickener
Authors: Thi Tran Nhi Yen , Phat Dao Tan , Pham Van Thinh , Quyen Nguyen Nhan , Thanh Tam Huynh Ngoc , Truc Tran Thanh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Soursop, due to its nutritional properties, is gaining attention in the food and beverage industry. Soursop nectar, as a beverage, provides vitamins, antioxidants, and energy. Studies on how additives could alter sensory properties of the product might satisfy the needs of consumers for products with better visual qualities. The mixing of Pectin (PT), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and xanthan gum (XG) directly affects the viscosity in the nectar. Optimization by response surface methodology showed that PT-CMC and XG-CMC interactions were significant at <0.05. The coefficient of determination of the model was high (R2 = 0.9847). The lowest viscosity of the soursop nectar was 70 mPa.s, achieved by following contents of additives: 0.01378% of PT, 0.0071963% of CMC and 0.0051443% of XG.
Effect of Type of Nitrogen Sources and Concentration on Protease Production: Fish Waste Hydrolysate as a Potential Low Cost Source
Authors: Zainuddin F H , Chua G K , Chew F N , Samah R A , Mortan S H , Yazid N A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fish waste hydrolysate is obtained from hydrolysis process of a fishery industry waste. It can be a good substrate source for the production of protease via a fermentation process. Protease covers above than 50% of the global industrial enzymes market and is regarded as an enzyme which is widely used in many applications. This research aims to determine the effect of the type of nitrogen sources and nitrogen source concentration on protease production from the fish waste hydrolysate. The experiments were done using one factor at a time (OFAT) of type of nitrogen sources and nitrogen source concentration in submerged fermentation (SmF) of 10% (v/v) Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10876). In the first stage, the variation of type of 1% (w/v) nitrogen sources such as fish waste hydrolysate, beef extracts, yeast extracts, tryptone, peptone and skim milk powder that mixed with the basal media were compared to evaluate the highest protease production. Then, the concentration of fish waste hydrolysate was varied from 1% to 3% (w/v) to analyse the production trend of protease. The protease activity and total protein content were then analysed by protease assay using tyrosine as a standard and Bradford method, respectively. Upon the observation, 1% (w/v) nitrogen sources on protease production revealed that the fish waste hydrolysates and beef extracts were capable to produce a high amount of protease (23.659 ± 0.38 U/mL and 28.7631 ± 0.59 U/mL, respectively). Among the concentration tested, 3% (w/v) of fish waste hydrolysate was found to be the highest protease production (190.85 ± 0.38 U/mL). Therefore, the fish waste hydrolysate has a potential as a low-cost source for protease production.
Antibacterial evaluation of Malaysian Kelulut, Tualang and Acacia honey against wound infecting bacteria
Authors: Aspar M M , Edros R , Hamzah N A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bacterial infection is the most common contamination on wound. Honey is one alternative plant by-product that can be used as treatment to the bacterial infection. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial properties of Malaysian honey represented by Kelulut, Tualang and Acacia against fourteen clinically isolated bacteria strains from wound. Agar well diffusion assay was utilised to measure the diameter of inhibition zone. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were performed to evaluate the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of the honey. The antibacterial properties of Malaysian honey were compared with manuka honey (UMF 18+). Kelulut, Tualang and Acacia have the diameter of inhibition zones that ranged from 10.7 to 24.5 mm, 9.2 to 17.7 mm and no inhibition to 15.3 mm, respectively. Kelulut, Tualang and Acacia showed bacteriostatic effect against the bacteria at concentration of 50% (w/v) and below. Kelulut was the only honey that owned bactericidal effect against the fourteen bacteria while the effect was absence in Tualang and Acacia on E. coli, K. pneumonia, E. clocae and P. mirabilis. The antibacterial properties of Kelulut was comparable to manuka honey since both honey demonstrated bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against the fourteen clinically isolated bacteria.
Process optimization of catalytic steam reforming of toluene to hydrogen using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA)
Authors: Mohidin Yahya H S , Saidina Amin N A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Catalytic steam reforming of toluene (SRT) over nickel-cobalt supported on modified activated carbon for hydrogen production has been investigated. The center composite design of experiment in response surface methodology (RSM) was initially applied to optimize the catalytic SRT for hydrogen production before being utilized in the model building of the hybrid artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA). The genetic algorithm was carried out over the ANN model to achieve the maximum target response. The process optimization modeling using the best fitness function gave an insight of the optimal operating condition in SRT over the prepared catalyst. The results conferred that maximum hydrogen yield could be obtained at the optimal conditions of 700 °C temperature, 0.034 ml/min feed flow rate, 0.1 g catalyst loading and S/C ratio of 1 by ANN-GA model, and 762 °C temperature, 0.022 ml/min feed flow rate, 0.3 g catalyst loading and S/C ratio of 5.6 by the RSM model. Predicted results from ANN model were in higher agreement with the experimental data at R2=0.95 compared with the RSM model.
Adsorption of chromium (III) ion on biosorbents prepared from Leucaena leucocephala tree
Authors: Sheltami R M , Haweil W M , EL-Omame N F , Bader N , Almabrouk S , Alshelmani N , Elsupikhe R F , Hammad I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Biosorbents (fiber, treated fiber, and charcoal) from the Leucaena leucocephala tree were prepared in this study. The potential of the biosorbents as metal capture (removal percentage %R) for chromium (III) (Cr+3) from aqueous solution was examined. The concentrations of the Cr+3 solutions were measured before and after the adsorption to investigate the %R using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Moreover, the specific surface area (A) of the biosorbent samples was evaluated after measuring the adsorbed acetic acid onto the samples. From the results, A and %R were found in the order of charcoal > treated fiber > fiber. The highest values of A and %R were about 423 m2g−1 and 97%, respectively. This finding suggested the high potential of Leucaena charcoal usage as chromium ions capture compared to fibers and treated fibers.
Kinetic and Isotherm Modelling of the Adsorption of Congo Red Dye onto NiFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 decorated Exfoliated Graphite
Authors: Tan L V , Thinh P V , Tham N T H , Sy D T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Adsorption using novel materials is a common and highly applicable process in remediation of hazardous dyes in wastewater. Herein, we attempted the synthesis of NiFe2O4 decorated-exfoliated graphite (EG@NiFe2O4), an inexpensive and environmental benign material, and analyzed the adsorption process of the as-synthesized adsorbent against Congo red dye. Kinetic of the adsorption was investigated using various models including first-pseudo kinetic, second-pseudo kinetic, Bangham model and Elovich model. Isotherm of the process was evaluated by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin − Radushkevich model. Lastly, thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption towards Congo red dye was calculated. Our findings indicated that kinetic and isotherm of the adsorption process of both adsorbents (EG@NiFe2O4 and NiFe2O4) could be well explained by the pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.99) and Langmuir isotherm (R2 =) respectively. In addition, kinetic parameters showed that EG@NiFe2O4 possesses greater adsorption capacity in comparison with NiFe2O4. Estimated thermodynamic parameters also indicated the spontaneous and endothermic adsorption (ΔG=) of the EG@NiFe2O4 composite against Congo red dye.
Water quality monitoring along Kinta River in peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Mustafa M R U , Isa M H , Borhanuddin F F , Mannan H A , Haneef T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rising trend of solid waste production particularly in town and city areas has caused numerous environmental pollutions. Population growth, economic and lifestyle patterns are the factors that lead to the alarming rate of solid waste production. Landfilling is widely used for disposal of wastes due to its low operation and maintenance costs. However, leachate discharged from landfill could be a problem to surface and groundwater if it is not adequately treated. So, the investigation of the transportation and transformation phenomena of micro pollutants along the river receiving discharge from landfill leachate is mandatory. This study is carried out to investigate the water quality as well as to detect the presence of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) along Kinta river in Peninsular Malaysia. Water quality parameters i.e. biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal nitrogen, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen and pH were recorded to calculate the water quality index (WQI). The identification of EDCs was carried out using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Water quality index result showed that the status of the river in both months fall under good and medium status where it requires intensive/conventional treatment for consumable and drinking purposes. None of the EDCs was detected in any of the samples analysed in the present study. It is believed that the information gained are useful and beneficial for decision making authority.
Recovery of saccharides from lignocellulosic hydrolysates using membranes: A mini review on significant parameters
Authors: Ghazali N F , Razak N D A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The use of lignocellulosic biomass has received a lot of attention due to concerns for environmental sustainability and an increasing global waste problem. In order to solve these problems, lignocellulosic biomass can be converted to fuels and chemicals. Since lignocellulose biomass is a renewable feedstock, the conversion process solves the waste problem and produce chemicals simultaneously. However, one of the major challenge in the development of biorefineries is the separation and purification of the biomass hydrolysates. Effective recovery of saccharides and the removal of impurities such as acetic acid and furfural are required as these compounds can inhibit the fermentation process. In this paper, a critical review of membrane technology related to the recovery of saccharides from lignocellulosic hydrolysates is presented. Effects of membrane materials, operating conditions and feed characteristics on the selectivity and productivity of the membrane processes are discussed. The challenges and future outlook of membrane assisted saccharide recovery are also presented.
Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Expanded Graphite Material (EG@CoFe2O4) Through Sol-Gel Processing
Authors: Tham N T H , Thinh P V , Uyen D T T , Tien N A , Thanh N T , Sy D T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The development of novel materials is indispensable to industrial development due to their instrumental role in medical and decontamination applications. Expanded graphite (EG) possesses a number of advantages including pore structure, non-toxicity and ease of recoverability, making it suitable materials for a wide array of possibilities in many fields. In this paper, a material composite based on expanded graphite (EG) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) was successfully prepared by the direct sol-gel process. The obtained EG@CoFe2O4 was then characterized using a number of analysis techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results indicated successful impregnation of CoFe2O4 into the EG matrix. The as-synthesized EG@CoFe2O4 is also uniform and possessed good crystallinity. The isotherm of the obtained EG@CoFe2O4 material seems to follow the typical type IV isotherm and the pore size of the materials ranged from 2-55 nm.
Essential oil from Amomum Longiligulare T.L. Wu cultivated in Ninh Thuan province, Vietnam
Authors: Anh T T , Bao Ngoc N H , Phuc N D , Nhat D D , Danh P H , Bach L G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Amomum Longiligulare T.L. Wu fruit (A. Longiligulare) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat indigestion, cough and abdominal pain. In addition, it can create a nice refreshing effect in the mouth and tends to reduce body weight. In this research, A. Longiligulare fruit essential oil was successfully extracted by the hydrodistillation method. A. Longiligulare from Ninh Thuan province in Vietnam gave high extraction yield, which was about 4.6 ml/100g on weight dried basis. The optimum condition for hydrodistitllation without immersing A. Longiligulare powder at particle size smaller than 1 mm, at 1/8 material-water ratio, at water flow rate 2.7 g/min after 3 h distillation. Significantly, the high concentration of D-Camphor (46.714 %) and Bornyl acetate (31.809 %) were detected in essential oil from Ninh Thuan’s A. Longiligulare.
Effect of Nano-fibril Cellulose (NFC) Filler towards the Swelling and Diffusion Behavior of Superabsorbent Polymer Composite
Authors: Lim B R , Mazlan S N A , Ghazali S , Abd Rahim S , Jamari S S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) exist as a three-dimensional network consisting of branched or linear chains that are chemically or physically crosslinked and possess the ability to retain large amounts of fluids. To be in coherence with the global demand for more biodegradable materials, nano-fibril cellulose (NFC) is introduced as fillers during the synthesis of SAP. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of different amounts of NFC addition to swelling and diffusion behavior of the final product (SAP/NFC). Inverse suspension polymerization was employed to produce the NFC/SAP, in which acrylic acid (AA) was used as a monomer, acrylamide (AM) as co-monomer and N, N’-Methylenebis(acrylamide) (NNMBA) as the crosslinker. The reaction was conducted at temperature, 55°C for 3 hours. In water absorbency analysis, SAP with 0.006 wt% of NFC shows the highest water absorbency, up to 135%. Swelling kinetic study shows that all SAP exhibit second order of swelling kinetic, and obeys Fickian diffusion behavior. FTIR analysis confirmed the characteristic of SAP and the presence of NFC by identifying C=O, N-H, O=C-H, C-N, O-H, C-H, C=C, C-H, and C-OH bonds. The morphological study shows that the presence of NFC inhibits the formation of SAP in regular bead shape. In thermal stability analysis, SAP with 0.006 wt% of NFC shows the highest thermal stability compared to the other SAPs. It is concluded that the addition of 0.006 wt% NFC is the most optimum condition for cellulose-based SAP synthesis due to the highest water absorbency and thermal stability.