bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Asthma Symptoms in 13-14-year-old Adolescents in Karaj
Authors: Tavakol Marzieh , Fatemi Abhari Seyde Marzie , Moosaie Fatemeh , Rasmi Mina , Bakhtiyari Mahmood , Keikavoosi-Arani Leila , Poorrostami Kiomars , Sadri Homa 
Published: December 2020

Asthma is the most common chronic inflammatory respiratory disorder in children. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of asthma in 13-14-year-old adolescents in Karaj, Alborz province in Iran, using the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire.
Totally 950 adolescents attending 40 schools located in 4 regions of Karaj city were enrolled in the survey. The Persian version of the ISAAC questionnaire was filled by 13-14-year-old students. Multi-stage clustered random sampling was used to divide the city of Karaj into four educational districts.
Ever wheezing was reported in 22% of the individuals; 10.52% claimed to have wheeze in the last 12 months and 22.73% had during or after exercise. The experience of wheezing in the last 12 months was more prevalent among males (11.73% vs. 9.38%; p<0.05). However, having a history of asthma was higher among males (7.55% vs. 3.47%; p<0.05). History of hospitalization (60.8%), family history of asthma (49.4%), and history of food allergy (42.3%) were found to be the most frequent characteristics significantly associated with" ever wheezing" (p<0.05).
The prevalence of wheezing in the last 12 months, as a major index of current asthma, was 10% which was close to the national average. However, nocturnal cough and exercise-induced wheezing were higher in Karaj compared to other cities of Iran; which could be related to the high level of air pollution in this industrial area.
Research on the Division of Internal Responsibilities and the Rationalization of Personnel Allocation in Financial Departments
Authors: Wang Xinxin 
Published: December 2020

<p>With the change of economic development mode, the market competition is more and more intense. As an important hub of enterprise management, how to adapt to the transformation and upgrading of enterprise management, realize the rational division of responsibilities and personnel within the financial department, and provide more valuable information and enterprise management, management decision-making has become an unprecedented challenge for the financial personnel of enterprises. This article puts forward the research on the division of responsibilities and the rationalization of personnel allocation in the financial department. In the research and analysis, this article selects 160 company leaders and financial personnel as the survey sample, and through the investigation of the financial department before and after the optimization of work efficiency, work quality and company profit analysis and comparison, the results show that the financial department after optimization has the advantages of improving work quality, work efficiency, increasing enterprise profit margin, which can promote the development of enterprises. Through the investigation, it is found that more than 85% of the company’s leaders and financial personnel think that the staffing of the company’s financial department is relatively reasonable, which provides a guarantee for the research on the internal responsibility division and personnel allocation of the financial department.</p>
Research on Environmental Accounting Information Disclosure
Authors: Zhao Jialin , Ye Lei , Tao Silin 
Published: December 2020

<p>As far as China’s environmental accounting is concerned, it has the problems of late start and slow development, and the laws and regulations related to environmental accounting information disclosure have not been fully established, and the actual supervision strength is relatively small, and the relevant enterprises have relatively poor environmental awareness. Therefore, the overall situation of environmental accounting disclosure in China at the current stage is as follows. It’s not optimistic. Based on this, this article mainly carries on the thorough research and the discussion to the environmental accounting information disclosure question.</p>
La memoria espacial, y los niveles de BDNF en el hipocampo, disminuyen en ratas adolescentes deprimidas farmacológicamente con reserpina
Authors: Ruiz Paul , Calliari Aldo , Genovese Patricia , Pautassi Ricardo 
Published: December 2020

Los cuadros depresivos en humanos cursan con significativas alteraciones en la memoria espacial. Este trabajo estudió esta función en un modelo animal de depresión. Ratas Wistar (n=28), machos y hembras, fueron administradas con reserpina (0.0 o 1.0 mg/kg/cada 2 días por cuatro días). Luego del tratamiento se evaluó la función motora a través de la prueba de la barra y la respuesta de ansiedad a través de un laberinto elevado en cruz. Posteriormente, los animales fueron entrenados durante una semana (en sesiones diarias de 5 minutos) en un laberinto de múltiples T que indaga la memoria espacial. Luego se repitió la evaluación en el laberinto elevado en cruz y los animales fueron sacrificados para disecar el hipocampo y medir los niveles de BDNF a través de western blot. En la prueba de la barra los animales tratados con reserpina tuvieron una respuesta motora con igual agarre, pero menor movilidad, que los controles. En ambas tomas del laberinto elevado en cruz los animales tratados con reserpina pasaron significativamente menos tiempo en los brazos abiertos y exhibieron una latencia más elevada para entrar por primera vez en los brazos cerrados. Los animales tratados con reserpina tardaron significativamente más tiempo en resolver el laberinto de múltiples T que los controles, y cometieron más errores, efecto que estuvo asociado a niveles menores de BDNF en el hipocampo. Estos resultados sugieren que la reserpina indujo una depresión experimental, sin compromiso motor, que estuvo asociada a déficits en la adqui-sición de información espacial.
High-Pressure Flow in Converging/Diverging Annulus with Cavitation under Near-Closing Conditions
Authors: Hao Yitong , Tang Yingjie , Wassar Taoufik , Franchek Matthew Albert , Pickett Jay 
Published: December 2020

Summary
Presented is a steady-state computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) analysis of flow through a thick sharp-edge annulus (i.e., an orifice integrated with a rigid concentric cylinder, creating annulus flow conditions). With the upstream Reynolds numbers up to 435,000, the fluid studied is water and the percentage of closure of the annulus system is bounded between 50 and 97%. The various annulus geometries necessary to quantify annulus flow are identified and investigated using CFD tools. For the flow entering the converging/diverging annulus, two parametric models are developed from CFD simulation results. The first model estimates the downstream/upstream-pressure ratio when choked flow is started. The second model estimates a discharge coefficient for the annulus system. Using these models, the annulus volumetric flow rate can be estimated for both choked- and unchoked-flow conditions. The utility of these models is later demonstrated on a pseudosteady-state annulus flow problem where the annular blowout preventer (BOP) is closing.
Modeling Urban Growth and Land Use Transition Using SLEUTH Model: The Case of Dilla City, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Yanit , Hailu Abel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Urban growth / urban sprawl are the extension of a residential region into the surrounding area. The negative face of urban development is urban sprawl, criticizing the cause of environmental deterioration, growing inequality and diminishing the viability of aesthetic and urban areas. An effective and efficient planning of urban development and changes in land use and its effects on the environment needs, among other important details, details on development trends and patterns. Over the years, several models of urban growth have been developed and used to predict trends of growth. SLEUTH models are used to simulate and predict urban growth and land use transition for 2020-2050 in the City of Dilla (Ethiopia) in the analysis of Geographic Information System (GIS). The word SLEUTH was derived from the model's input image specifications: slope, land cover, exclusion, urban, transport, and Hill shade. Input data preparation used a cumulative time series dataset of 30 years, i.e. 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2019, such as historical topographical maps and satellite imagery. The SLEUTH model uses the parameters of the best fit growth rule by narrowing coefficients in the calibration mode and passing them down to forecast potential urban growth trends, creating different probability maps and LULC maps. The models generated future urban growth pattern predicted in the 31 years' from 2019, there will be nearly 41.14% urban rise in 2020, 52.95% in 2030, 59.91% in 2040 and 64.30% in 2050. In general, the extension of the urban growth trend introduces new spreading centers that are indicative of urban growth.
Epicardial adipose tissue volume and coronary calcification among people living with diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cosson Emmanuel , Nguyen Minh Tuan , Rezgani Imen , Tatulashvili Sopio , Sal Meriem , Berkane Narimane , Allard Lucie , Brillet Pierre-Yves , Bihan Hélène 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has anatomic and functional proximity to the heart and is considered a novel diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in cardiometabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether EAT volume was associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in people living with diabetes, independently of confounding factors.Methods We included all consecutive patients with diabetes whose EAT volume and CAC score were measured using computed tomography between January 1, 2019 and September 30, 2020 in the Department of Diabetology-Endocrinology-Nutrition at Avicenne Hospital, France. Determinants of EAT volume and a CAC score ≥ 100 Agatston units (AU) were evaluated.Results The study population comprised 409 patients (218 men). Mean (± standard deviation) age was 57 ± 12 years, and 318, 56 and 35, had type 2 (T2D), type 1 (T1D), or another type of diabetes, respectively. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 29 ± 6 kg/m², mean AET volume 93 ± 38 cm3. EAT volume was positively correlated with age, BMI, pack-year smoking history and triglyceridaemia, but negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol level. Furthermore, it was lower in people with retinopathy, but higher in men, in Caucasian people, in patients on antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medication, in people with nephropathy, and finally in individuals with a CAC ≥ 100 AU (CAC < 100 vs CAC ≥ 100: 89 ± 35 vs 109 ± 41 cm3, respectively, p < 0.05). In addition to EAT volume, other determinants of CAC ≥ 100 AU (n = 89, 22%) were age, T2D, ethnicity, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medication, cumulative tobacco consumption, retinopathy, macular edema and macrovascular disease. Multivariable analysis considering all these determinants as well as gender and BMI, showed that EAT volume was independently associated with CAC ≥ 100 AU (per 10 cm3 increase: OR 1.11 [1.02–1.20]).Conclusions EAT volume was independently associated with CAC. As it may play a role in coronary atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes, reducing EAT volume through physical exercise, improved diet and pharmaceutical interventions may improve future cardiovascular risk outcomes in this population.
A Simple Method for Extraction of Ricinus Communis L Oil and its Application for Biodiesel Production by Ethylic Route
Authors: Vasco Jana , Sabite Paulino , Clavel Estevão , Bandali Esaú , Gueze Geraldo , João Domingos , Gomundanhe Almeida , Neuana Neuana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Biodiesel is a clean fuel, and an alternative to the environmental complications caused by fossil fuels. However, the forms of its production are still the object of research in the literature because some issues related to process improvement and economically viable remain a challenge. Therefore, this research aims to produce biodiesel by the ethylic route from Ricinus Communis L oil extracted with a simple solid liquid extraction method without the use of the soxhled extractor. In this sense, Ricinus Communis L was extracted by n-hexane as solvent, obtaining biodiesel through ethyl transesterification via alkaline catalysis. The characterization of biodiesel in terms of – acid value (AV), combustibility and corrosivity to copper. The results indicated that the yield of the extracted oil was 14% in relation to the mass of seeds used, the value of the AV was 0.96mgNaOH / g, showing in this case that the oil can be used in the transesterification process to obtain biodiesel. The biodiesel yield obtained was 37% and the AV was 1.98mgNaOH / g, being considered above the acceptable value for its use in diesel engines, and should be neutralized to at least 0.8mgNaOH / g. Based on this work, biodiesel was obtained via ethyl esterification of Ricinus Communis L oil extracted from a simple and easy method.
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among apparently healthy University students
Authors: Olowo-okere Ahmed , Umar Maryam , Ibrahim Mus’ab , Shuaibu Adeiza Suleiman , Usman Mustapha , Sani Jamila , Larbi Zakaria Nabti , Yacouba Abdourahamane 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Medical and paramedical students are often exposed to MRSA colonization and infection during clinical postings. They may serve as reservoirs or vector and occasionally as victims of MRSA cross-contamination. This study was designed to determine the rate of MRSA nasal carriage among apparently healthy undergraduate medical and paramedical students of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto.Methods A questionnaire was administered to collect demographic data and health history of the recruited participants. Swab sticks pre-moistened with sterile physiological saline was used to collect samples from the nasal cavities of the participants. The collected samples were processed using standard microbiological techniques. The presence of MRSA was determined using the Oxacillin resistance screening agar base test (ORSAB). The susceptibility of the MRSA isolates to commonly prescribed antibiotics was carried out using the disc diffusion method.Result A total of 200 participants were recruited from medical and allied faculties. The participants comprise 120 clinical students and 80 pre-clinical students. The mean age of the study participants was 23.32 ± 1.76 years. Majority of the participants were males 119 (59.5%). Overall, 77 (38.5%) of the study participant were found to be nasally colonised with MRSA. The carrier rate was higher among the male (61.0%) and participants aged less than 20 years (79.2%). Equally, higher MRSA colonisation rate was observed among the students of faculties of medicine (27.3%) and nursing (22.1%) and predominantly among the clinical students (53.2%). Clinical students and students who visited to hospital more than four time in a month were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.394–1.328) and 0.61 (95% CI, 0.325–1.136) times more likely to carry MRSA, respectively. The MRSA isolates were highly resistant to all the tested antibiotics (72–100%).Conclusion The MRSA nasal carriage rate among medical and paramedical students of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto is high. The finding of this study has important implication on public health. Thus, urgent steps should be taken to improve infection control practices in the study area.
Molecular characterization of a ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain found in Switzerland
Authors: Egli Konrad , Roditscheff Anna , Flückiger Ursula , Risch Martin , Risch Lorenz , Bodmer Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone is very rare in Switzerland. The underlying genotype is suspected to be novel. Generally, resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) involves a comprehensive set of genes with many different mutations causing resistance to different β-lactams and fluoroquinolones.Case presentation: A patient had a positive result with specific PCR for Ng. We routinely start culturing for all clinical specimens with a positive result with NG-PCR. In this particular case, we isolated such a strain with resistance to ceftriaxone in Switzerland. A total of 7 different genes in this strain were partially sequenced for comparison with phenotypic susceptibility testing. Interestingly, two different mutations in the porinB gene were observed, and data on this gene are limited. Information on the identified allele type of the penA gene is very limited as well. Three different mutations of parC and gyrA that correlate with ciprofloxacin resistance were found.Conclusion: The combined results for all genes show the appearance of new mutations in central Europe either due to worldwide spread or the emergence of new genetic combinations.
Pyridoxal-5'-Phosphate-Dependent Enzyme GenB3 Catalyzes C-3',4'-Dideoxygenation in Gentamicin Biosynthesis
Authors: Zhou Shaotong , Chen Xiaotang , Ni Xianpu , Liu Yu , Zhang Hui , Dong Min , Xia Huanzhang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: C-3',4'-dideoxygenation structure in gentamicin can prevent deactivation by aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase (APH(3')) in drug-resistant pathogens. However, the enzyme catalyzing the dideoxygenation step in the gentamicin biosynthesis pathway remains unknown. Results: Here, we report GenP catalyzes 3′ phosphorylation of gentamicin biosynthesis intermediates JI-20A, JI-20Ba, and JI-20B. We further demonstrate that a pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme GenB3 uses these phosphorylated substrates to form 3',4'-dideoxy-4',5'-ene-6'-oxo products. The following C-6' transamination and GenB4 catalyzed reduction of 4',5' olefin lead to the formation of gentamicin C. To the best of our knowledge, GenB3 is the first PLP dependent enzyme catalyzing dideoxygenation in aminoglycoside biosynthesis. Conclusions: This discovery solves the long-standing puzzle in gentamicin biosynthesis, also enriches the chemistry of PLP dependent enzymes. Interestingly, these results demonstrate that to evade APH(3') deactivation from the pathogens, the gentamicin producers evolved a smart strategy, which utilized their own APH(3') to activate hydroxyls as leaving groups for the 3',4'-dideoxygenation in gentamicin biosynthesis.
A meta-analysis of the association between physical demands of unpaid domestic work and back pain among women
Authors: Osinuga Abisola Modupe , Hicks Chelsea , Ibitoye Segun E , Schweizer Marin , Fethke Nathan , Baker Kelly 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Back pain (BP) is among the most common musculoskeletal problems globally and is a leading contributor to disability among adults. Millions of women especially those in low-income settings, engage in strenuous domestic activities that may increase their risk of BP. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to estimate the association between physically demanding domestic work (PDDW) which is characterized as intensity, frequency, duration of work and biomechanical risk factors of work and BP among women. Methods: Five databases were searched for records published from January 1991 to March 2020; and results from 11studies were included in the meta-analysis. A random effects model and the generic inverse-variance method was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and the degree of heterogeneity among studies (I2). Stratified and sensitivity analyses were conducted to identify the influence of outliers and identify the sources of heterogeneity. Results: Exposure to high physically demanding domestic work was significantly associated with BP (OR = 1.63; 95% CI 1.30, 2.04; I2 =70%). The odds of back pain were highest among the following groups: women performing domestic work in non-neutral postures (OR=2.30; 95% CI= 1.75 – 3.04; I2 = 0%; N= 4 studies) and among women from low and middle income countries (OR= 1.98; 95% CI = 1.58-2.49; I2=29%; N = 5 studies). We found no evidence of publication bias (Egger’s test p-value = 0.15).Discussion: PDDW may significantly increase a woman’s risk of experiencing BP, but larger prospective studies are needed to further investigate the association. Presenting data on how domestic work affects the musculoskeletal health of women will be important in designing future interventions (behavioral, infrastructural and ergonomic) that can reduce domestic work burden
No Significant Long-Term Complications From Inadvertent Exposure to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist During Early Pregnancy in Mothers and Offspring: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Wu Huan , Xu Xiaoyan , Ma Cong , Zhou Yiran , Pei Shanai , Geng Hao , He Ye , Xu Qianhua , Xu Yuping , He Xiaojin , Zhou Ping , Wei Zhaolian , Xu Xiaofeng , Cao Yunxia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) in the luteal phase is commonly used for pituitary suppression during in vitro fertilisation (IVF). There is an ineluctable risk of inadvertent exposure of spontaneous pregnancy to GnRH-a. However, little is known about the pregnancy complications and repregnancy outcomes of the affected women and the neurodevelopmental outcomes of the GnRH-a-exposed children.Methods: Retrospective analysis was used to determine obstetric and repregnancy outcomes after natural conception in 114 women who naturally conceived while receiving GnRH-a during their early pregnancy over the past 17 years. The GnRH-a-exposed children were evaluated to determine their neonatal characteristics and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. The outcomes were compared to those of relevant age-matched control groups.Results: Sixty-five of the women gave 66 live births. The neonatal health outcomes and the incidence of maternal complications were similar in the GnRH-a-exposed and control groups. Thirty-one GnRH-a-exposed children, aged 2‒8 years, were available for the investigation of neurodevelopment. Except for one case of autism spectrum disorder, the full-scale intelligence quotient score was within the normal range and similar to that of the control group. Most mothers with successful pregnancies and about one-third of the women who had spontaneous abortion were subsequently able to conceive again, naturally. IVF is recommended for repregnancy in women who experienced ectopic pregnancies.Conclusions: Accidental exposure to GnRH-a in early pregnancy might be safe. Reproductive treatment suggestions for repregnancy should be made with consideration of the outcomes of the previously GnRH-a-exposed spontaneous pregnancy.
Rapid Spheroid Assays in a 3-Dimensional Cell Culture Chip
Authors: Teh Jia Lin , Rahman Siti Fairus Abdul , Domnic Gregory , Satiyasilan Lengishwarra , Chear Nelson Jeng Yeou , Singh Darshan , Kumaran Nethia Mohana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective: The spheroid model provides a physiological platform to study cancer cell biology and drug sensitivity. Usage of bovine collagen I for spheroid assays is costly especially when experiments are conducted in 24-well plates, as high volume of bovine collagen I is needed. The aim of the study was to downsize spheroid assays to a microfluidic 3D cell culture chip and compare the growth, invasion and response to drug/compound of spheroids embedded in the 3D chip to spheroids embedded in 24-well plates.Results: Spheroids generated from nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HK-1 continuously grew and invaded into collagen matrix in a 24-well plate. Similar observations were noticed with spheroids embedded in the 3D chip. Large spheroids in both 24-well plate and the 3D chip disintegrated and invaded into the collagen matrix. Preliminary drug sensitivity assays showed that the growth and invasion of spheroids were inhibited when spheroids were treated with combination of cisplatin and paynantheine at high concentrations, in a 24-well plate. Comparable findings were obtained when spheroids were treated with the same drug combination in the 3D chip. Moving forward, spheroid assays could be performed in the 3D chip in a more high-throughput manner with minimal time and cost.