bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of perinatal asphyxia and its associated factors in Ethiopia; A systematic review and meta-Analysis
Authors: Assemie Moges Agazhe , Tizazu Getaye , Labata Busha Gamachu , Alemu Simegn , Ketema Daniel Bekele , Ambaw Amanuel Marew 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Perinatal asphyxia(PNA) is a severe health problem and main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. In Ethiopia, there are many studies conducted on PNA characterized by replete of inconsistent; unavailability of nation wide study to determines the prevalence of PNA and its determinants is an important gap. The aim of this study is to develop national consensus on pooled prevalence and associated factor key reports to enhance the quality and consistency of the evidence on perinatal asphyxia.
Method : Systematic review and meta-analysis using computerized databases; searches were performed to locate all articles on the prevalence of perinatal asphyxia. Databases included were Pub Med, Cochran library, Google Scholar, Scopus and Science Direct systematically between 2014 and April 2019. All identified studies reporting the prevalence of PNA in Ethiopia were pooled. Two independent authors extracted the data using a standardized data extraction tool. The Cochrane Q test statistics and I 2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity of the studies. Random-effects model was used to calculate pooled estimates and determinant factor of PNA in Stata/se version-14.
Result : The prevalence of PNA reported from fifteen studies was in the range of 3.1 to 47.5%. The pooled occurrence of PNA in Ethiopia based on 15 articles with a sample size of 17,091 was 21.1% (95% CI: 14, 28). There was high heterogeneity observed ( I 2 = 99.4%, p <0.001). Thus, Subgroup analysis in the study area was computed .Thus, the highest prevalence (40.4%) was observed from Oromia region and the lowest 8% noted from Dire Dawa city administration. Pooled odd ratio estimates from included studies revealed prolonged labour (OR=3.7, 95% CI 2.4, 5.7), low birth weight (OR=6.5, 95% CI 4.0, 10.3), and Meconium stained liquor (OR=6.6, 95% CI: 4.4, 10.1) are significant risk factors of perinatal asphyxia.
Conclusion : In this review, prolonged labour, meconium stained liquor and low birth weight are significantly associated with perinatal asphyxia. Therefore, improve facility-based intra partum care and quality neonatal resuscitation service through capacity building for health professionals is needed.
Keywords: Birth asphyxia; perinatal asphyxia; associated factor; systematic review; Ethiopia
CD73 alleviates GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in spinal cord injury through PI3K/AKT/Foxo1 signaling
Authors: Xu Shun , Shao Minghao , Ma Xiaosheng , Jiang Jianyuan , Zhang Fan , Xu Haocheng , Zhu Wei , Lu Feizhou 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Neuroinflammation-induced secondary injury is responsible for the sustained progression of spinal cord injury (SCI). Inflammatory programmed cell death or pyroptosis triggered by the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) is an essential step in neuroinflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the immunosuppressive receptor CD73 in GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis following SCI. Methods: CD73 deficient mice and LPS-stimulated BV2 cells were respectively used as the in vivo and in vitro models of microglial pyroptosis. Molecular and histological assays were performed to assess pyroptosis and inflammasome activation, and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Results: CD73 inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome and GSDMD, and decreased pyroptosis in the microglia via the adenosine-A2B adenosine receptor (AR)-PI3K-AKT-FOXO1 pathway. Specifically, CD73 suppressed GSDMD at the transcriptional level through FOXO1. Furthermore, HIF-1α accumulation after SCI upregulated CD73, which in turn increased the expression of HIF-1α, resulting in a positive feedback regulatory loop.Conclusion: CD73 alleviates microglial pyroptosis after SCI by inhibiting GSDMD via the adenosine- A2BAR-PI3K-AKT-FOXO1 pathway.
Assessment of the ptxD gene as a growth and selective marker in Trichoderma atroviride using Pccg6, a novel constitutive promoter
Authors: Carreras-Villaseñor Nohemi , Rico-Ruiz Guillermo , Chavez-Montes Ricardo , Yong-Villalobos Lenin , Lopez-Hernandez Jose Fabricio , Martinez-Hernandez Pedro , Herrera-Estrella Luis , Herrera-Estrella Alfredo , ARREDONDO DAMAR LOPEZ 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Trichoderma species are among the most effective cell factories to produce recombinant proteins, whose productivity relies on the molecular toolkit and promoters available for the expression of the target protein. Although inducible promoter systems have been developed for producing recombinant proteins in Trichoderma , constitutive promoters are often a desirable alternative. Constitutive promoters are simple to use, do not require external stimuli or chemical inducers to be activated, and lead to purer enzyme preparations. Moreover, most of the promoters for homologous and heterologous expression reported in Trichoderma have been commonly evaluated by directly assessing production of industrial enzymes, requiring optimization of laborious protocols. Results Here we report the identification of P ccg6, a novel Trichoderma atroviride constitutive promoter, that has similar transcriptional strength as that of the commonly used pki1 promoter. P ccg6 displayed conserved arrangements of transcription factor binding sites between promoter sequences of Trichoderma ccg6 orthologues genes, potentially involved in their regulatory properties. The predicted ccg6 -encoded protein potentially belongs to the SPE1/SPI1 protein family and shares high identity with CCG6 orthologue sequences from other fungal species including Trichoderma reesei , Trichoderma virens , Trichoderma asperellum , and lo a lesser extent to that of Neurosposa crassa . We also report the use of the P ccg6 promoter to drive the expression of PTXD, a phosphite oxidoreductase of bacterial origin, which allowed T. atroviride to utilize phosphite as a sole source of phosphorus. We propose ptxD as a growth reporter gene that allows real-time comparison of the functionality of different promoters by monitoring growth of Trichoderma transgenic lines and enzymatic activity of PTXD. Finally, we show thatconstitutive expression of ptxD provided T. atroviride a competitive advantage to outgrow bacterial contaminants when supplied with phosphite as a sole source of phosphorus. Conclusions A new constitutive promoter, ccg6 , for expression of homologous and heterologous proteins has been identified and tested in T. atroviride by expressing PTXD, which resulted in an effective and visible phenotype to evaluate transcriptional activity of sequence promoters. Use of PTXD as a growth marker holds great potential for assessing activity of other promoters and for biotechnological applications as a contamination control system.
Low cyclosporine concentrations in children and time to acute graft versus host disease
Authors: Chung Eun Kyung , Yee Jeong , Kim Jae Youn , Gwak Hye sun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Achievement of target blood concentrations of cyclosporine (CsA) early after transplantation is known to be highly effective for reducing the incidence of acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD). However, no research has been conducted for predicting aGVHD occurrence with low CsA concentrations at different time periods. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk of aGVHD according to low CsA concentrations at lag days in children with allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods: The records of 61 consecutive children who underwent allogeneic HSCT and received CsA as prophylaxis against aGVHD between May 2012 and March 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. The main outcome was any association between low CsA concentrations at lag days and aGVHD occurrence, which was examined for the first month after transplantation. Mean CsA concentrations at three lag periods were calculated: lag days 0-6, 7-13, and 14-20 before aGVHD occurrence. Results: Patients whose mean CsA concentrations at lag days 0-6 did not reach the initial target concentration had 11.0-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3-51.9) greater incidence of aGVHD. In addition, the AORs of low CsA concentrations at lag days 7-13 and 14-20 for developing aGVHD were 108.2 (95% CI: 7.7-1515.5) and 12.1 (95% CI: 1.1-138.1), respectively. Conclusions: After low CsA concentrations are detected, careful attention needs to be paid to prevent aGVHD.
Pan-American Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) perronei sp. n. in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and its deer ked Lipoptena mazamae: morphological, developmental and phylogeographical characterisation
Authors: Garcia Herakles Antonio , Blanco Pilar A. , Rodrigues Adriana C. , Rodrigues Carla M. F. , Takata Carmen S. A. , Campaner Marta , Camargo Erney P. , Teixeira Marta M. G. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background The subgenus Megatrypanum comprises trypanosomes of cervids and bovids from around the world. Here, Odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer = WTD) and its ectoparasite, the deer ked Lipoptena mazamae (hippoboscid fly), were surveyed for trypanosomes in Venezuela. Results Haemoculturing unveiled 20% infected WTD, while 47% (7/15) of blood samples and 38% (11/29) of ked guts tested positive for the Megatrypanum- specific TthCATL-PCR. CATL and SSU rRNA sequences uncovered a single species of trypanosome. Phylogeny based on SSU rRNA and gGAPDH sequences tightly cluster WTD trypanosomes from Venezuela and the USA, which were strongly supported as geographical variants of the herein described Trypanosoma ( Megatrypanum ) perronei sp. n. In our analyses, T. perronei was closest to T . sp. D30 of fallow deer (Germany), both nested into TthII alongside other trypanosomes of cervids (North American elks and European fallow, red and sika deer), and bovids (cattle, antelopes and sheep). Insights into T. perronei life cycle were obtained from early haemocultures of deer blood and co-culture with mammalian and insect cells showing flagellates resembling Megatrypanum trypanosomes previously reported in deer blood, and deer ked guts. For the first time, a trypanosome from a cervid was cultured and phylogenetically and morphologically (light and electron microscopy) characterised. Conclusions In the analyses based on SSU rRNA, gGAPDH, CATL and ITS rDNA sequences, neither cervids nor bovids trypanosomes were monophyletic but intertwined within TthI and TthII major phylogenetic lineages. One host species can harbour more than one species/genotype of trypanosomes, but each trypanosome species/genotype was found in a single host species or in phylogenetically related hosts. Molecular evidence that L. mazamae may transmit T. perronei suggests important evolutionary constraints making tight the tripartite T. perronei –WTD–deer ked association. In a plausible evolutionary scenario, T. perronei entered South America with North American WTD at the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary following the closure of the Panama Isthmus.
Intravenous delivery of enzalutamide based on high drug loading multifunctional graphene oxide nanoparticles for castration-resistant prostate cancer therapy
Authors: Jiang Wenjun , Chen Jiyuan , Gong Chunai , Wang Yuanyuan , Gao Yuan , Yuan Yongfang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Enzalutamide (Enz) has shown limited bioavailability via oral administration. It is easy for patients to develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) due to resistance to 18-24 months of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Moreover, it is hard to delivery Enz in vivo for low drug loading (DL) and encapsulation efficiency (EE).Therefore, we developed a multifunctional enzalutamide-loaded graphene oxide nanosystem (TP-GQDss/Enz) for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) intravenous treatment, with high drug loading efficiency.Methods: Aminated graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were first cross-linked via disulfide bonds into a graphene quantum dot derivative of approximately 200 nm (GQDss), which was further functionalized with a tumour-targeting peptide and PEG to form TP-GQDss. Enz was loaded into TP-GQDss for in vitro and in vivo study.Results: The results showed that high drug-loading efficiency was achieved by TP-GQDss via π-π electron interaction. TP-GQDss could be rapidly internalized by CRPC cells via endocytosis. Moreover, Enz in TP-GQDss could promote the inhibition of cell growth in vitro against CRPC cells. Further, TP-GQDss exhibited an enhanced cancer-targeting ability and alleviated the side effects of Enz in vivo. Conclusions: The multifunctional nanocarrier constructed here could accomplish controlled Enz release and serve as an intravenous therapy platform for CRPC.
The influence of dietary supplementation with the leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on chemotaxis, phagocytosis and respiratory burst of peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes in calves
Authors: Wójcik Roman , Małaczewska Joanna , Zwierzchowski Grzegorz , Miciński Jan , Kaczorek-Łukowska Edyta 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of HMB on the chemotactic activity, phagocytic activity and respiratory burst of peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes in calves. Method The experiment was performed on 14 calves aged 30±2 days, divided into two equal groups of control (group I) and experimental (group II) animals. The feed administered to experimental group calves was supplemented with HMB (Metabolic Technologies Inc. Ames, IA, USA) at 40 mg/kg BW, whereas control calves were administered standard farm-made feed without supplementation. Blood was sampled from the jugular vein immediately before the experiment (day 0) and on experimental days 15, 30 and 60 to determine: chemotactic activity (MIGRATEST® kit), phagocytic activity (PHAGOTEST® kit) and respiratory burst (BURSTTEST® kit) of peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes by flow cytometry. Results An analysis of granulocyte and monocyte chemotactic activity and phagocytic activity revealed significantly higher levels of phagocytic activity in calves administered HMB than in the control group, expressed in terms of the percentage of phagocytising cells and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). HMB also had a positive effect on the oxidative metabolism of both granulocytes and monocytes after stimulation with Escherichia coli bacteria and with PMA (4-phorbol-12-β-myristate-13-acetate), expressed in terms of the percentage of oxidative metabolism and MFI. Conclusion HMB stimulates non-specific cell-mediated immunity, which is a very important consideration in newborn calves that are exposed to adverse environmental factors in the first weeks of their life. The supplementation of animal diets with HMB for both preventive and therapeutic purposes can also reduce the use of antibiotics in animal production.
Evidence-Based Health In Primary Care: Electronic Portals, Telehealth And Digital Libraries
Authors: Costa José Roberto Bittencourt , Alves Luiz Anastacio , Alberto Anael Viana Pinto , Souza Cristina Alves Magalhães de 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: To conduct an analysis and propose ways to improve teaching and learning processes facilitated through Basic Family Health Units (BFHUs).
Method: First phase: The authors conducted a qualitative-quantitative study on students and instructors of Primary Care (PC) involving a survey of open- and closed-ended questions administered at medical schools. Closed-ended questions were studied with descriptive statistics and open-ended questions were determined from the creation of categories. Perceptions of major teaching and learning problems were in turn identified.
Second phase: Meetings were held with students and respective instructors for 6 months and involved the use of electronic portals and the application of new questionnaires using a Likert scale for pre- and post-evaluation.
Results: In the first phase, 40% of the students considered local instructor training levels a problem. A similar result was found regarding teachers’ lectures, revealing a lack of adequate PC training and performance for most of the categories considered.
From our results, we used BHFUs to apply new strategies less widely used for teaching and learning to improve health practices such as the use of the Evidence-Based Health Portal, which is more navigable and offers studies based on clinical evidence criteria. In the second phase, the authors identified an improvement in the quality of learning among instructors and students.
Conclusions: The use of electronic portals can facilitate BHFU teaching and learning (teaching/learning space).
Staged surgical strategy of symptomatic lumbar adjacent-segment degeneration: full-endoscopic decompression versus extended posterior interbody fusion
Authors: Li Tong , Zhu Bin , Liu Xiaoguang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background

Symptomatic adjacent-segment degeneration (ASD) is a common complication after lumbar fusion surgery. We want to evaluate the clinical and imaging outcome of full-endoscopic lumbar decompression (FELD) in comparison with extended posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) for ASD after lumbar fusion surgeries and develop a staged revision strategy.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled 65 patients with ASD who treated with FELD (n=31) or extended PLIF (n=34) between January 2014 and January 2018. Clinical outcome evaluations were performed preoperatively, at 3, 12, 24 months postoperatively, including Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores for function assessment, visual analog scale (VAS) scores for low-back pain and leg pain. Imaging outcome evaluations were performed preoperatively, immediately after surgery and at the last follow up, including disc height (DH) and lumbar lordosis (LL).

Results

The ratio of patients with adjacent segmental instability in the PLIF group was significantly higher than that in the FELD group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in other baseline data for FELD and PLIF groups (p>0.05). Mean operative time, blood loss and length of hospital stay were significantly decreased for the FELD group (p<0.001). For patients with stable adjacent segments, there was no significant difference in preoperative and postoperative low-back pain, leg pain and function between 2 groups (p>0.05). The patients in PLIF group had restored DH after surgery, which was significantly higher than FELD group (p<0.05). For patients with unstable adjacent segments, the low-back and leg pain of PLIF group were significantly relieved than that in FELD group within 24 and 3 months after surgery (p<0.05). The function of PLIF group was significantly improved within 12 months after surgery (p<0.05). The DH was only significantly restored within 3 months after surgery (p<0.05). Recurrence was found in 2 (6.5%, p>0.05) patients in FELD group, while no patient in PLIF group had recurrence.

Conclusions

FELD could achieve satisfactory safety and efficacy for the treatment of stable ASD, which was not worse than PLIF. With less trauma and faster recovery, FELD may be an alternative surgical treatment for stable ASD.
Minimally invasive interventions for pulmonary nodule biopsy: A systematic review protocol.
Authors: Miotto Andre , Perfeito João Aléssio Juliano , Leite Rafael Pacheco , Latorraca Carolina de Oliveira Cruz , Riera Rachel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, causing more than 1.6 million deaths annually, including 26,500 deaths in Brazil in 2015. The diagnosis of lung cancer in the early stages remains a challenge. Imaging tests are important for diagnostic suspicion and risk evaluation, but biopsy is needed to confirm malignancy. Minimally invasive methods for biopsy used include computed tomography-guided percutaneous biopsy (CTGB) and bronchoscopy transbronchial biopsy. The method of choice should have the best accuracy and the lowest complication rate. This systematic review is designed to map, critically evaluate and compare the effects (benefits and risks) of all lung nodule biopsy techniques.Methods We will conduct a systematic review according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions recommendations.Discussion This study aims to compare the diagnostic yield and the safety of different techniques used for pulmonary nodule biopsy. We will include randomized clinical trials comparing tomography-guided percutaneous biopsy, nonguided transbronchial biopsy, fluoroscopy-guided transbronchial biopsy, transbronchial biopsy guided by endobronchial ultrasound with a radial probe and transbronchial biopsy guided by electromagnetic navigation. This study was approved by the research ethics committee of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) (number 1344040918). The results of the completed protocol will be presented at any appropriate conference by the authors.Systematic review registration The protocol for this review was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42018092367).
Factors Related to Hypocalcemia in human Brucellosis: a retrospective review
Authors: Zhen Qing , Zhang Xiaohan , Zhang Siwen , Chen Qianqian , Zhang Xiangyi , Yang Huixin , Wang Taijun , Hu Fangfang , Luo Jingjing , Hu Jing , Zhang Peng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background. In recent years, some severe complications of brucellosis have been raised many researchers’concern. Hypocalcemia, which is commonly seen in serious infectious diseases, such as sepsis, severe bacterial pneumonia and AIDS, has been reported less in Brucellosis. To our knowledge, serious consequences would be caused by hypocalcemia. Some studies have provided evidence of high serum calcium levels in patients with brucellosis , but few studies have reported the incidence and impact of brucellosis hypocalcemia,except for one case of rifampic-associated hypocalcemia. Objective . To summarize the clinical and epidemiological characteristics , to explore the influence of hypocalcemia on brucellosis.In addition, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between rifampicin in the treatment of brucellosis and secondary hypocalcemia, so as to provide clinical guidance. Methods . A retrospective study was carried out to review the records of 572 brucellosis patients from January 2015 to December 2016 of a hospital in shenyang, liaoning province, China.Patients were divided into three groups according to the serum calcium level, one group of 102 patients was hypocalcemia ,one group of 442 patients was normal corrected calcium and the other group of 28 patients was hypercalcemia. Results . The history of administration of rifampicin（OR=2.098, 95%CI=1.145~3.844）and tetracycline（OR=2.105, 95%CI=1.266~3.501）are the related factors of hypocalcemia. Conclusions . Further evaluation in randomized clinical trials of the indicative role of hypocalcimia is needed to be followed up.Provide evidence for the risk factors of hypocalcemia in brucellosis patients with the history of rifampicin administration.