bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Behavior and Its Associated Factors among Male College Youths of Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Parajuli Bijaya , Adhikari Chiranjivi 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Young people are the important group for addressing sexual and reproductive health of Nepal as the proportion of youth is nearly a fifth of the total population. The issue of youth’s sexual behavior and its consequences is a concern for every generation and it is likely to continue to be a challenge in the future. The study aimed to assess the sexual behavior and its associated factors among male college youths of Pokhara, Nepal.
Methods: An institution based cross sectional study was conducted among the 801 male youths of 16 colleges of Pokhara metropolitan. Probability proportional to size sampling was used as sampling strategy. A structured, pretested and sealed self-administered questionnaire was distributed among the 967 participants. The association between sexual behavior and the explanatory variables were assessed using chi square test and multivariate logistic regression.
Results: The study revealed that the substantial proportion (45.1%) of the male college youths had indulged in sexual intercourse. Nearly two third (60.4%) of the sexually active respondents had two or more than two partners. Similarly,more than half (51.61%) of those who were involved in sexual intercourse with commercial sex worker had not used condom at an every act of sexual intercourse. Age of the respondents (AOR=3.20, 95% CI; 1.06-9.66), permanent residence (AOR=2.38,95% CI;1.55-3.68), living arrangement (AOR=1.71 ,95% CI; 1.13-2.58) and dependent for income (AOR= 0.39,95% CI; 0.24-0.63) were significantly associated with having sexual intercourse.
Conclusions: The younger male college youths living with friends, relatives or alone in temporary residences were sexually more active than their counterparts.
Risk Factors of Overweight among Urban School-Going Adolescents: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Sapkota Bibechana , Bhandari Tulsi Ram 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Obesity is seen high in rapid economic growth, industrialized and urbanized area. CBS 2012 report showed that Nepal is urbanizing at a fast pace which show that Nepal is also at the risk of obesity problem. The study aim was to study the risk factors associated with overweight among urban school-going adolescents.
Methods: In this institution based case-control study, age, sex and ethnicity matched 63 cases (BMI≥25) and 63 controls (BMI 18.5- 24.99) adolescents between 13-16 years were recruited. Self administer question was used to collect data from case and control. Data were entered in Epi Data 3.1 and analysis was done using SPSS 20.0 full version. Crude odd ratio was calculated to assess the risk factors associated with overweight.
Results: Regular meat consumption (OR =3.47), consumption of fruit < 3 days per week (OR=2), regular consumption of junk food (OR= 2.564) ≥5 DDS (OR= 2.591) significantly increase the risk of overweight. Cases were 6.259 times more likely to do dieting for physical fitness as compare to control similarly irregular menstruation was 4.960 times noted among controls.
Conclusion: Regular consumption of meat, junk food and soft drink, likewise family history with obesity, the habit of dieting for weight-loss purposes, irregular menstruation and screen viewing lead to obesity among adolescent in Lekthnath city in Pokhara metropolitan.
Prevalence of Depression and its Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Patients: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Rayamajhi Divya , Wagle Shreejana , Karki Arun 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Mental health and physical health are association with each other’s: poor mental health is a risk factor for chronic physical condition and it significantly impact on people’s quality of life. The social determinants of health impact on both chronic physical condition and mental health. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence sub-clinical depression and factors associated with depression among the hypertensive out patients’ department ofhospitals in Pokhara.
Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 215 hypertensive patient visiting OPD ward of selected hospitals of Pokhara Metropolitan City. Depression levels were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-Ia (BDI) scale. Demographics and risk factors were assessed. Systematic random sampling was conducted for selecting hospitals and proportionate random sampling technique was used to make the sample representative of hospitals.
Results: Out of the total 215 hypertensive patients and around fifty-nine percentage were males and the mean age of respondents is 52 +12.04 years. Around one-third of the hypertensive patients had depression. The mean BDI-Ia score for depression status having respondent was 16.88±16.45.
Conclusions: This study provides the evidence of depression is associate with hypertensive patient’s socio-demographic factors such as sex, age, marital status, employment and income and behavioral factors. Hypertensive patients should be encouraged to increase their physical activities and family support.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Dan Etos Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Berdampak Pada Kinerja Tenaga Pendidik Di Politeknik KODIKLATAD
Authors: Setiawan Arif , Sawitri Dyah 
Published: June 2020

Kodiklatad Polytechnic is one of the educational institutions in the Kodiklat TNI AD that conducts science and technology education. The education system applied in this institution is a combination of the education system that applies in the Army and the educational system that applies in the higher education environment. The application of the Basic Tri Pattern of Education remains valid and is integrated with the semester credit system that is commonly applicable in universities. The output of this education is that soldiers not only obtain superior attitudes and behaviors, mastery of knowledge and skills that are reliable and soldiers who are willing but also obtain a degree that is recognized by the Directorate General of Higher Education Ministry of Research and Higher Education. The utilization of teaching staff at the Kodiklatad Polytechnic needs to be professionally managed so that the balance between the needs of the teaching staff and the interests and abilities of the educational institution is realized. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the performance of educators at the Kodiklatad Polytechnic to achieve maximum performance.

Keywords: organizational culture, work ethos, work satisfaction, educational performance.
Perceiving Utilization of Zakat through Economic Sociology Perspective
Authors: Ramadhini Eveline 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The success of a program in the utilization of zakat often measured quantitatively by economic perspective only, such as the rising of mustahik incomes and the number of beneficiaries in the utilization of zakat. But, on the other hand, there are qualitative aspects in terms of social relations that rarely portraited by economics itself. The economic aspect basically has three core activities: production, distribution, and consumption; while the role of sociology is seeing how the relation between the people who did those three events, which includes values, norms, and cultural aspect that determines economic motive by its cultural that had the impact on social welfare. This paper will explain that in looking at the utilization of zakat, it’s necessary to seeing the economic sociology perspective in order to see more comprehensive about social relations that contained in the process of administrative program activities in the utilization of zakat that given for mustahik such as Fakir, Miskin, Amil, Riqab, Gharimin, Mualaf, Ibnu Sabil and Fi Sabilillah. Using the classic theory of Weber about Value, the flow of Institutional by Veblen and the concept of Cultural Capital by Bourdieu, this paper will clarify the relationship between the values contained in the utilization of zakat which associated with the stakeholders.
Keywords: Utilization of Zakat, Economic Sociology, Institutionalism, Cultural Capital, Value.
Factors Affecting Community Trust to Pay Zakat at the National Board of Zakat (BAZNAS) of South Kalimantan Province
Authors: Handayani Lusiana , Putri Kamila Windyani , Fahmi Muhammad Yassir 
Published: June 2020

According to the National Board of Zakat (BAZNAS) of South Kalimantan Province financial statement, the number of zakat funds received in 2016 was Rp. 901,599,200. However, the potential zakat in South Kalimantan Province in 2016 was Rp. 2,740.5 billion and it means that the zakat received is still far from the potential zakat. The aim of this study is for knowing whether knowledge factor, service quality factor, income factor, religiosity factor and institution image factor are related significantly on public trust in order to pay ZIS funds to the National Board of Zakat (BAZNAS) of South Kalimantan Province. The method of this research is a quantitative correlative with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. This study used a random sampling technique to muzakki National Board of Zakat (BAZNAS) of South Kalimantan Province as many as 159 respondents.
From the results of this study, it concluded that the factor of knowledge, income, religiosity and institution image have a significant effect on public trust in order to paid ZIS funds to the National Board of Zakat (BAZNAS) of Kalimantan Province. Meanwhile, the service quality factor is not affecting public trust in order to paid ZIS funds to the National Board of Zakat (BAZNAS) of South Kalimantan Province.
Creating an Eco-Sustainable Community: the Role of Zakat
Authors: Ma’sum Billah Mohd. 
Published: June 2020

According to Saud (1988) and Shad (1986), the institution of Zakat, is a divine obligatory sort of taxation acting as the most effective measure in upgrading the financial condition of the destitute. This institution strives to achieve objectives, which are broader in nature. This is because, not only does it aim at providing the society with financial security, but it also, as a whole, inculcates moral, social and spiritual values in each individual. In view of the institution of Zakat aiming at achieving broader objectives, this research therefore, seeks to prove that the institution of Zakat may not only form the basis of today’s modern social security system, but also brings some other benefits to the society. The whole research however, is divided into several sub-sections besides a conclusion. It therefore, presents the foundation of the institution of Zakat followed by the evaluation of whether the institution of Zakat can provide a meaningful social security along with a justification that, the institution of Zakat is capable of providing a result oriented alternative to the modern social security system.
Keywords: Zakat, poverty eradication, sustainability, social securityJEL Classification Code: E62, H21,P51
Transcriptions and Cognitive Perceptions of Zakāt in the French Literature (1660-2017): What Can We Learn?
Authors: Belabes Abderrazak 
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to explore the different transcriptions and cognitive perceptions of the notion of Zakāt in French literature from 1660 to 2017. The study lists twenty-three transcriptions and thirty-two cognitive perceptions. Most interpret it in their own way, according to their experiences, their feelings, and the time devoted to its knowledge, although scholarly literature is not lacking. This highlights the importance of the Orwell’s problem: How is it that human beings know so little when they have access to so much knowledge? Hence the need to differentiate, beyond the essentialization of others, between the existence of the object, its representation, and the way to arrive at its knowledge. Zakat is not merely a technical question, it embodies a vision of the life in society where money is not an end; it is a means for a higher purpose.

Keywords: Zakāt , transcription, cognitive perception, French literature
JEL Classification Code: B40, H20, P50, Z12
The Reinforcement of Zakat Management through Financial Technology Systems
Authors: Rachman M. Aulia , Nur Salam Annisa 
Published: June 2020

Financial technology or fintech, as the information media used to execute technology-based financial services, has become a great foundation in the effort toward enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of financial services. The integrated zakat management system has been developed and needs innovations to be developed; several amil zakat institutions have utilized fintech as a more optimal services device in zakat management. This means that the fintech-based management of zakat will continue to grow and grow well, on both the market and consumer sides (especially for the aspect of demand), so it needs regulation, standardization and effort to guarantee the management of zakat using fintech media. This paper will offer concepts for the innovation, reinforcement, strategy, and legality regarding a technology-based management system for zakat, funded by the government or a relevant authority.
Keywords: financial technology, Reinforcement, Management of Zakat
Performance Analysis of Zakat Practices in Pati Regency (Case Study: The National Board of Zakat [BAZNAS] Pati Regency, Indonesia)
Authors: . Fitriani 
Published: June 2020

A crucial problem faced by Indonesia is its high poverty rate. One of the redistribution instruments that can be used to reduce poverty is zakat. The zakat potential of Pati Regency, Indonesia in 2016 was approximately Rp 20 billion, but the funds collected only amounted to around 9 percent of this figure (Rp 1.8 billion). This statistic shows that the management of zakat is not optimized, both in terms of its collection and distribution. This study aims to evaluate the performance of zakat practices, and the influenceof zakat on the welfare of mustahik (recipients of zakat) in Pati Regency, Indonesia. The research was conducted by means of a survey of 100 households of mustahik and interviews. The sampling method that used in this research was purposive sampling technique. Analysis of the result was undertakenusing by National Zakat Index (NZI) and Muti-Stage Weight Index Method. The result of this research show that the performance of zakat practices in Pati Regency is in the “less good” category with an index value of 0.392.
Keywords: Poverty, National Zakat Index, Performance of Zakat Practices
Spitzer Variability Properties of Low-gravity L Dwarfs
Authors: Vos Johanna M. , Biller Beth A. , Allers Katelyn N. , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Liu Michael C. , Metchev Stanimir , Eriksson Simon , Manjavacas Elena , Dupuy Trent J. , Janson Markus , Radigan-Hoffman Jacqueline , Crossfield Ian , Bonnefoy Mickaël , Best William M. J. , Homeier Derek , Schlieder Joshua E. , Brandner Wolfgang , Henning Thomas , Bonavita Mariangela , Buenzli Esther 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We present Spitzer Space Telescope variability monitoring observations of three low-gravity L dwarfs with previous detections of variability in the near-IR: 2MASS J0045+16, 2MASS J0501−00, and 2MASS J1425−36. We detect significant periodic variability in two of our targets, 2MASS J0045+16 and 2MASS J0501−00. We do not detect variability in 2MASS J1425−36. Combining our new rotation periods with rotational velocities, we calculate inclination angles of 22° ± 1°,

, and

for 2MASS J0045+16, 2MASS J0501−00, and 2MASS J1425−36, respectively. Our three new objects are consistent with the tentative relations between inclination, amplitude, and color anomaly previously reported. Objects with the highest variability amplitudes are inclined equator on, while the maximum observed amplitude decreases as the inclination angle decreases. We also find a correlation between the inclination angle and

color anomaly for the sample of objects with measured inclinations. Compiling the entire sample of brown dwarfs with Spitzer variability detections, we find no enhancement in amplitude for young, early-L dwarfs compared to the field dwarf population. We find a possible enhancement in amplitude of low-gravity late-L dwarfs at 4.5 μm. We do not find a correlation between amplitude ratio and spectral type for field dwarfs or for the young population. Finally, we compile the rotation periods of a large sample of brown dwarfs with ages 1 Myr–1 Gyr and compare the rotation rates predicted by evolutionary models assuming angular momentum conservation. We find that the rotation rates of the current sample of brown dwarfs fall within the expected range set by evolutionary models and breakup limits.
A Comparison of Rotating and Binary Stellar Evolution Models: Effects on Massive Star Populations
Authors: Dorn-Wallenstein Trevor Z. , Levesque Emily M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Both rotation and interactions with binary companions can significantly affect massive star evolution, altering interior and surface abundances, mass loss rates and mechanisms, observed temperatures and luminosities, and their ultimate core-collapse fates. The Geneva and the Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis (BPASS) stellar evolution codes include detailed treatments of the effects of rotation and binary evolution, respectively, and can illustrate the impact of these phenomena on massive stars and stellar populations. However, a direct comparison of these two widely used codes is vital if we hope to use their predictions for interpreting observations. In particular, rotating and binary models will predict different young stellar populations, impacting the outputs of stellar population synthesis (SPS) and the resulting interpretation of large samples of massive stars based on commonly used tools such as star count ratios. Here we compare the Geneva and BPASS evolutionary models, using an interpolated SPS scheme introduced in our previous work and a novel Bayesian framework to present the first in-depth direct comparison of massive stellar populations produced from single, rotating, and binary nonrotating evolution models. We calculate both models’ predicted values of star count ratios and compare the results to observations of massive stars in Westerlund 1, h + χ Persei, and both Magellanic Clouds. We also consider the limitations of both the observations and the models, and how to quantitatively include observational completeness limits in SPS models. We demonstrate that the methods presented here, when combined with robust stellar evolutionary models, offer a potential means of estimating the physical properties of massive stars in large stellar populations.
Magnetic Field Structure in Spheroidal Star-forming Clouds. II. Estimating Field Structure from Observed Maps
Authors: Myers Philip C. , Stephens Ian W. , Auddy Sayantan , Basu Shantanu , Bourke Tyler L. , Hull Charles L. H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents models to estimate the structure of density and magnetic field strength in spheroidal condensations from maps of their column density and their polarization of magnetically aligned dust grains. The density model is obtained by fitting a column density map with an embedded p = 2 Plummer spheroid of any aspect ratio and inclination. The magnetic properties are based on the density model, the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi (DCF) model of Alfvénic fluctuations, and the spheroid flux freezing (SFF) model of mass and flux conservation in Paper I. The field strength model has the resolution of the column density map, which is finer than the resolution of the DCF estimate of field strength. The models are applied to ALMA observations of the envelope of the protostar BHR 71 IRS1. Column density fits give the density model from (2.0 ± 0.4) × 105 to (7 ± 1) × 107 cm−3. The density model predicts the field directions map, which fits the polarization map best within 1100 au, with standard deviation of angle differences of 17°. In this region, the DCF mean field strength is 0.7 ± 0.2 mG, and the envelope mass is supercritical, with a ratio of mass to magnetic critical mass of 1.5 ± 0.4. The SFF field strength profile scales with the DCF field strength from 60 ± 10 μG to 3 ± 1 mG. The spatial resolution of the SFF field strength estimate is finer than the DCF resolution by a factor of ∼7, and the peak SFF field strength exceeds the DCF field strength by a factor of ∼4.
Reflection Features in the X-Ray Spectrum of Fairall 9 and Implications for Tests of General Relativity
Authors: Liu Honghui , Wang Haiyang , Abdikamalov Askar B. , Ayzenberg Dimitry , Bambi Cosimo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
X-ray reflection spectroscopy is potentially a powerful tool to probe the spacetime geometry around astrophysical black holes and test general relativity in the strong field regime. However, precision tests of general relativity are only possible if we employ the correct astrophysical model and if we can limit the systematic uncertainties. It is thus crucial to select the sources and the observations most suitable for these tests. In this work, we analyze simultaneous observations of XMM-Newton and NuSTAR of the supermassive black hole in Fairall 9. This source has a number of properties that make it a promising candidate for tests of general relativity using X-ray reflection spectroscopy. Nevertheless, we find that with the available data there is not a unique interpretation of the spectrum of Fairall 9, which prevents, for the moment, the use of this source for robust tests of general relativity. This issue may be solved by future X-ray missions with a higher energy resolution near the iron line.
Testing the Fidelity of Simulations of Black Hole–Galaxy Coevolution at z ∼ 1.5 with Observations
Authors: Ding Xuheng , Treu Tommaso , Silverman John D. , Bhowmick Aklant K. , Menci N. , Di Matteo Tiziana 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We examine the scaling relations between the mass of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) and its host galaxy properties at 1.2 < z <1.7 using both observational data and simulations. Recent measurements of 32 X-ray-selected, broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are compared with two independent state-of-the-art efforts, including the hydrodynamic simulation MassiveBlackII (MBII) and a semianalytic model (SAM). After applying an observational selection function to the simulations, we find that both MBII and SAM agree well with the data, in terms of the central distribution. However, the dispersion in the mass ratio between black hole mass and stellar mass is significantly more consistent with the MBII prediction (∼0.3 dex) than with the SAM (∼0.7 dex), even when accounting for observational uncertainties. Hence, our observations can distinguish between the different recipes adopted in the models. The mass relations in the MBII are highly dependent on AGN feedback, while the relations in the SAM are more sensitive to galaxy-merger events triggering nuclear activity. Moreover, the intrinsic scatter in the mass ratio of our high-z sample is comparable with that observed in the local sample, all but ruling out the proposed scenario that the correlations are purely stochastic in nature arising from some sort of cosmic central limit theorem. Our results support the hypothesis of AGN feedback being responsible for a causal link between the SMBH and its host galaxy, resulting in a tight correlation between their respective masses.