bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental function in maternal obesity
Authors: Kelly Amy C. , Powell Theresa L. , Jansson Thomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMaternal obesity is associated with pregnancy complications and increases the risk for the infant to develop obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life. However, the mechanisms linking the maternal obesogenic environment to adverse short- and long-term outcomes remain poorly understood. As compared with pregnant women with normal BMI, women entering pregnancy obese have more pronounced insulin resistance, higher circulating plasma insulin, leptin, IGF-1, lipids and possibly proinflammatory cytokines and lower plasma adiponectin. Importantly, the changes in maternal levels of nutrients, growth factors and hormones in maternal obesity modulate placental function. For example, high insulin, leptin, IGF-1 and low adiponectin in obese pregnant women activate mTOR signaling in the placenta, promoting protein synthesis, mitochondrial function and nutrient transport. These changes are believed to increase fetal nutrient supply and contribute to fetal overgrowth and/or adiposity in offspring, which increases the risk to develop disease later in life. However, the majority of obese women give birth to normal weight infants and these pregnancies are also associated with activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, oxidative stress, decreased oxidative phosphorylation and lipid accumulation in the placenta. Recent bioinformatics approaches have expanded our understanding of how maternal obesity affects the placenta; however, the link between changes in placental function and adverse outcomes in obese women giving birth to normal sized infants is unclear. Interventions that specifically target placental function, such as activation of placental adiponectin receptors, may prevent the transmission of metabolic disease from obese women to the next generation.
DLC-1 down-regulation via exosomal miR-106b-3p exchange promotes CRC metastasis by the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Mannavola Francesco , Pezzicoli Gaetano , Tucci Marco 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Exosomes (Exo) have emerged as potent amplifiers of pro-tumorigenic signals to distant cells. The knowledge of their role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is continuously up-growing, although their contribution to metastasis remains largely unclear. Liu et al. (Clinical Science (2020) 134, https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20191087) in their work have described a novel mechanism by which CRC-derived Exo promote metastasis through the down-regulation of the deleted in liver cancer-1 (DLC-1), a gene involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) event in cancer cells. The Authors also demonstrated an increase in serum exosomal miR-106b-3p in patients with metastatic CRC, suggesting its potential implication as a prognostic biomarker. These findings may be of great effort in clarifying the underlying mechanisms of CRC metastasis and provide new targets for future researches.
Twitter Usage Using Common Reference to Tinnitus
Authors: Ni Jianyuan , Bellon-Harn Monica L. , Zhang Jiang , Li Yueqing , Manchaiah Vinaya 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to examine specific patterns of Twitter usage using common reference to tinnitus.MethodThe study used cross-sectional analysis of data generated from Twitter data. Twitter content, language, reach, users, accounts, temporal trends, and social networks were examined.ResultsAround 70,000 tweets were identified and analyzed from May to October 2018. Of the 100 most active Twitter accounts, organizations owned 52%, individuals owned 44%, and 4% of the accounts were unknown. Commercial/for-profit and nonprofit organizations were the most common organization account owners (i.e., 26% and 16%, respectively). Seven unique tweets were identified with a reach of over 400 Twitter users. The greatest reach exceeded 2,000 users. Temporal analysis identified retweet outliers (> 200 retweets per hour) that corresponded to a widely publicized event involving the response of a Twitter user to another user's joke. Content analysis indicated that Twitter is a platform that primarily functions to advocate, share personal experiences, or share information about management of tinnitus rather than to provide social support and build relationships.ConclusionsTwitter accounts owned by organizations outnumbered individual accounts, and commercial/for-profit user accounts were the most frequently active organization account type. Analyses of social media use can be helpful in discovering issues of interest to the tinnitus community as well as determining which users and organizations are dominating social network conversations.
Criteria of the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer for the Classification of Germline Sequence Variants in Risk Genes for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wappenschmidt Barbara , Hauke Jan , Faust Ulrike , Niederacher Dieter , Wiesmüller Lisa , Schmidt Gunnar , Groß Evi , Gehrig Andrea , Sutter Christian , Ramser Juliane , Rump Andreas , Arnold Norbert , Meindl Alfons 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMore than ten years ago, the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (GC-HBOC) set up a panel of experts (VUS Task Force) which was tasked with reviewing the classifications of genetic variants reported by individual centres of the GC-HBOC to the central database in Leipzig and reclassifying them, where necessary, based on the most recent data. When it evaluates variants, the VUS Task Force must arrive at a consensus. The resulting classifications are recorded in a central database where they serve as a basis for ensuring the consistent evaluation of previously known and newly identified variants in the different centres of the GC-HBOC. The standardised VUS evaluation by the VUS Task Force is a key element of the recall system which has also been set up by the GC-HBOC. The system will be used to pass on information to families monitored and managed by GC-HBOC centres in the event that previously classified variants are reclassified based on new information. The evaluation algorithm of the VUS Task Force was compiled using internationally established assessment methods (IARC, ACMG, ENIGMA) and is presented here together with the underlying evaluation criteria used to arrive at the classification decision using a flow chart. In addition, the characteristics and special features of specific individual risk genes associated with breast and/or ovarian cancer are discussed in separate subsections. The URLs of relevant databases have also been included together with extensive literature references to provide additional information and cover the scope and dynamism of the current state of knowledge on the evaluation of genetic variants. In future, if criteria are updated based on new information, the update will be published on the website of the GC-HBOC (https://www.konsortium-familiaerer-brustkrebs.de/).
Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin – Der (Stellen-)Wert der Erfahrung
Authors: Unschuld Paul U. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin ist heutzutage sowohl in China als auch in der westlichen Welt ein vielbeachtetes Heilsystem. Die Geschichte der chinesischen Medizin ist eine tausendjährige Ansammlung von therapeutisch relevanten Theorien und Praktiken unterschiedlichster Art. Diese Empfehlungen sind bis heute in einer überaus reichhaltigen Literatur nachzulesen. In Europa befinden wir uns jedoch noch in der Aufarbeitung der chinesischen Medizingeschichte. Aus dem überaus reichhaltigen historischen Erbe chinesischer Medizin müssen diejenigen Anteile herausgefiltert werden, die auch zukünftig noch einen Nutzen entfalten können. Dazu dient auch die „Sammlung Unschuld“ in der Berliner Staatsbibliothek.
Use of Taxanes in Metastatic HER2-negative Breast Cancer – a Status Report
Authors: Gluz Oleg , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Marmé Frederik , Thill Marc 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe most important goal of treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer is maintenance or even improvement of quality of life. In this setting, chemotherapy should be used with as much restraint as possible. If palliative chemotherapy is indicated, the taxane drug class is an established treatment option. The updated guidelines of the Gynaecological Oncology Working Group (AGO), Breast Committee, of the German Society for Gynaecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) and the German Cancer Society e. V. (DKG) provide recommendations with the greatest possible evidence on which of the licensed taxanes can be used in which treatment situation in the metastatic setting.
Norway Spruce Balm: Phytochemical Composition and Ability to Enhance Re-epithelialization In Vitro
Authors: Goels Thomas , Eichenauer Elisabeth , Langeder Julia , Hoeller Franziska , Sykora Christina , Tahir Ammar , Urban Ernst , Heiss Elke H. , Saukel Johannes , Glasl Sabine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe balm of the Norway spruce (Picea abies) is a well-known traditional herbal medicine used to cure wounds. Even though clinical trials have confirmed its empirical use, the active constituents, their mode of action, and the exact composition of this natural product are still unknown. In this study, the balm was subjected to fractionated extraction and further purified employing flash chromatography, HPLC-PDA-ELSD, preparative and analytical TLC. Hydroxycinnamic acids (
1–
3), the lignan pinoresinol (
4), four hydroxylated derivatives of dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) (
5 –
8), and dehydroabietic acid (
9) were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by LC-MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR. Four extracts, two commercially available resin acids–pimaric acid (
10) and isopimaric acid (
11)–and the isolated compounds were tested for increased re-epithelialization of cell-free areas in a human adult low calcium high temperature keratinocytes monolayer. Lysophosphatidic acid (10 µM) served as positive control and ranged between 100% and 150% rise in cell-covered area related to the vehicle control. Two extracts containing carboxylic acids and non-acidic apolar constituents, respectively, boosted wound closure by 47% and 36% at 10 and 3 µg/mL, respectively. Pinoresinol, DHAA, three of its hydroxylated derivatives, and pimaric and isopimaric acid as well as defined combinations of the hydroxylated DHAA derivatives led to a significantly enhanced wound closure by up to 90% at concentrations between 1 and 10 µM. Overall, lignans and diterpene resin acids, main constituents of Norway spruce balm, are able to increase migration or proliferation of keratinocytes in vitro. The presented data link the phytochemistry of this natural wound healing
agent with boosted re-epithelialization.
Mental Health Care Service and Mental Problems among Orphan and Vulnerable Children in Addis Ababa Ethiopia
Authors: Selamu Liranso G. , Singhe Mohan S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA lot of children in the world suffer from untreated mental health problems. The global burdens of childhood mental disorders are increasing but mental health care services are neglected in most countries. The objective of this critical analysis was to realize the access to mental health service and mental problems among orphan and vulnerable children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. To achieve the purpose of the analysis, the method was based on the critical analysis of the recent research literature from Pub-Med, Global Health, Google Scholar, Ethiopian Universities, Psych-Info, and WHO data sources. Thirty-six journals published after 2001 were identified and critically analyzed based on scientific inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as analyzed in a systematic manner. The orphan and vulnerable children face a prospect of a persistent effort for physically continued existence, for fundamental needs, education, love and affection, and protection against exploitation violence and bias. The problem of meeting these desires of the children corresponds to a major new challenge that requires an in-depth research, future interventions, and policy plans in tackling the problem. In light of the problem in Ethiopia, researches regarding the mental health care services of the orphan and vulnerable children in Addis Ababa are extremely inadequate.
A Comprehensive Review on Zygomatic Implants
Authors: Gulia Shagun , Vigarniya Monika Malik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSeverely resorbed or atrophic maxilla has always posed a problem in terms of conventional implant therapy due to insufficient bone. A new approach to such situations is placing implants in the zygoma. Zygomatic implants are placed in patients with inadequate bone due to resection of the maxilla after surgery or in cases of resorbed maxilla. These are longer implants anchoraged in the zygoma, and present as an alternative to sinus augmentation or bone grafting. Being a technique sensitive procedure extreme care has to be taken during the placement of these implants to obtain promising results. This article reviews the zygomatic implants used in dentistry.
Oral Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid with Contact Dermatitis - A Rare Clinical Entity.
Authors: Shenoy Santhosh , Kedlaya Madhurya N , R. Sajna H , Ramesh Amitha 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a rare inflammatory, autoimmune, subepithelial vesiculobullous lesion. Oral mucosa is affected in almost 90% of cases. Its development is chronic with a possible involvement of ocular, laryngeal and genital mucosa. Spontaneous remission is rare. Currently, improving oral hygiene, topical corticosteroid treatment is used to control the oral lesions of MMP. In the present case report, a 53 year old female patient with a known history of hypothyroidism reported to the department of Periodontology with a complaint of burning sensation and tenderness in the gums on intake of spicy food for the past one week .The patient had also noticed the formation of blisters on the gums which would break off on their own. Hence provisional diagnosis of MMP was considered based on the clinical and histopathological examination which was later confirmed with immunofluorescent interpretations. The treatment objective is to suppress extensive blister formation, to promote healing, and to prevent scarring. The above objectives were met in our case by thorough periodontal maintenance and steroid therapy. She also presented with skin lesions due to contact dermatitis caused by occupational exposure to tobacco which makes this case report unique.
Radiation induced caries: An overview
Authors: Hegde Mithra N , John Ananiya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAmongst all the different varieties of cancers diagnosed across the world around 6% is found to be head and neck cancer and radiotherapy is the choice of treatment. Head and neck radiotherapy cause several changes in dentition, saliva, oral microflora and food habits of the patient thus increasing the risk of radiation-induced dental caries a common, yet serious complication. This paper analyses the literature pertaining to radiation-induced caries and discusses the predisposing factors, etiology, structural changes in the tooth, clinical features of radiation caries and management. To review this, the Pubmed and Scopus database was searched using the keywords “radiation-induced caries”, “xerostomia”, “effects of radiology” and “head and neck tumors”, “osteoradionecrosis”, “management of radiation caries”, “structural changes in teeth after radiotherapy”, “prevention of radiation caries”. Radiation caries is a rampant form of caries commonly seen within the first 3 months after the radiotherapy. Thus, early dynamic involvement of the dentist in the preventive and therapeutic strategies are important. Furthermore, educating and motivating patients about the risk factors, maintenance of oral hygiene, stimulation of salivary flow, fluoride use, and nutritional orientation are essential to decrease the incidence of radiation caries and eventually enhances the quality of life of patients.
Severe Measles-Related Pneumonia in Children Treated with Steroid
Authors: Alanazi Aeshah , Otayn Bashaer , Al Fawaz Tariq S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMeasles still remains one of the major causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. It is a highly contagious viral illness with worldwide occurrence. In spite of a highly vaccinated population, a measles outbreak still occurred in Saudi Arabia in 2019, mainly in the northern regions. Measles-related pneumonia (MRP) is the commonest cause of death in children with measles. In this study, we described two cases of severe MRP in children, who were successfully treated with steroid during the 2019 outbreak.
‘Operative’ natural rights
Authors: Harries Emma 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere is general disagreement today regarding the philosophical basis of human rights. In order to help give human rights a philosophical basis, this article examines the debate between Joel Feinberg and Rex Martin. Accepting Feinberg’s work characterising natural rights as rights derived from correct moral principles and identified through the use of reason, as well as Martin’s work arguing that valid claims must be recognised in order to function as effective human rights, this article proposes that unrecognised natural rights are ‘inoperative’ but—contrary to Martin’s theory—still existent natural rights, and that recognised natural rights are ‘operative’ but—contrary to Feinberg’s theory—not inalienable natural rights because recognition can be withdrawn. This article thus contains a normative element insofar as it reveals an onus on each person to recognise the rights of others.
Starvation and antimetabolic therapy promote cytokine release and recruitment of immune cells
Authors: Püschel Franziska , Favaro Francesca , Redondo-Pedraza Jaime , Lucendo Estefanía , Iurlaro Raffaella , Marchetti Sandrine , Majem Blanca , Eldering Eric , Nadal Ernest , Ricci Jean-Ehrland , Chevet Eric , Muñoz-Pinedo Cristina 
Published: April 2020

Significance
Poorly irrigated tumors exhaust nutrients from their environment. On the other hand, innate immune cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, have been frequently shown to infiltrate tumors and promote an immunosuppressive environment. Our results show that, when nutrients are low, tumor cells secrete factors related to wound healing that stimulate endothelial cells and attract innate immune cells. This suggests that targeting signals elicited by metabolic stress may help the immune system target malignant cells and that metabolites regulate the communication between immune and tumor cells also through modulation of peptidic signals.
Reversal of hyperactive subthalamic circuits differentially mitigates pain hypersensitivity phenotypes in parkinsonian mice
Authors: Luan Yiwen , Tang Dongliang , Wu Haichuan , Gu Weixin , Wu Yuqing , Cao Jun-Li , Xiao Cheng , Zhou Chunyi 
Published: April 2020

Significance
Treatments for pain symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) show inconsistent efficacy across clinical trials, largely owing to our limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying PD pain. Here, we demonstrate that overactivation of subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons and their projections is adequate to produce a pain hypersensitivity phenotype, and that such overactivation is essential for the hypersensitivity in pain processing pathways and the maintenance of pain hypersensitivity observed in parkinsonian mice. These results suggest that inhibition of STN neurons may be a potential therapeutic strategy for pain relief in PD. Our finding that individual STN projections differentially regulate mechanical and thermal pain thresholds raises the possibility that individual STN projections may be optimal therapeutic targets for different pain phenotypes.
Improved surrogates in inertial confinement fusion with manifold and cycle consistencies
Authors: Anirudh Rushil , Thiagarajan Jayaraman J. , Bremer Peer-Timo , Spears Brian K. 
Published: April 2020

Significance
Neural networks have demonstrated remarkable success in predictive modeling. However, when applied to surrogate modeling, they 1) are often nonrobust, 2) require large amounts of data, and 3) are inadequate for estimating the inversion process; i.e., they do not capture parameter sensitivities well. We propose a different form of self-consistency regularization by incorporating an inverse surrogate into the learning process and show that it leads to highly robust, self-consistent surrogate models for complex scientific applications.
Ammonia emission abatement does not fully control reduced forms of nitrogen deposition
Authors: Tan Jiani , Fu Joshua S. , Seinfeld John H. 
Published: April 2020

Significance
Control of nitrogen oxides emissions has successfully reduced the deposition of oxidized nitrogen over the United States. Recent studies have called attention to the rapid growth of deposition of reduced forms of nitrogen, which would offset the benefits of reduction in oxidized nitrogen deposition. Our analysis, based on both monitoring and modeling approaches, illustrates that implementing ammonia emission abatement may not lead to full response in nitrogen deposition over continental regions. Here we provide important information to the community and policy makers concerning nitrogen deposition, given the urgent needs for developing control strategies on ammonia emissions.
Gravitational anomalies in nAdS2/nCFT1
Authors: Castro Alejandra , Mühlmann Beatrix 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We revisit the holographic description of the near horizon geometry of the BTZ black hole in AdS3 gravity, with a gravitational Chern–Simons term included. After a dimensional reduction of the three dimensional theory, we use the framework of nAdS2/nCFT1 to describe the near horizon physics. This setup allows us to contrast the role of the gravitational and conformal anomaly inherited from AdS3/CFT2 in the symmetry breaking mechanism of nAdS2/nCFT1. Our results display how boundary conditions in the 3D spacetime, combined with the gravitational anomaly, affect the holographic description of the near horizon of the black hole relative to the physics near the AdS3 boundary.
Numerical model for small-signal modulation response in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
Authors: Wasiak Michał , Śpiewak Patrycja , Haghighi Nasibeh , Gȩbski Marcin , Pruszyńska-Karbownik Emilia , Komar Paulina , Lott James A , Sarzała Robert P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We present a numerical model allowing for simulations of small-signal modulation (SSM) response of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The model of SSM response utilizes only the data provided by a static model of continuous-wave operation for a given bias voltage. Thus the fitting of dynamic measurement parameters is not needed nor used. The validity of this model has been verified by comparing experimental SSM characteristics of a VCSEL with the results of simulations. A good agreement between experiment and simulations has been observed. Based on the results obtained in the simulations of the existing laser, the impact of the number of quantum wells in the active region on the modulation properties has been calculated and analyzed.