bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etiology of acute diarrhea in children in Shanghai, 2015-2018
Authors: Chang Hailing , Guo Jiayin , Wei Zhongqiu , Huang Zheng , Wang Chuning , Qiu Yue , Xu Xuebin , Zeng Mei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Diarrhea is still a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. This hospital-based study aimed to monitor the consecutive epidemiological trend of etiology in children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai.Methods Outpatient children with diarrhea were prospectively enrolled within 7 days after onset of diarrheal symptoms during 2015-2018. Fresh stool samples were collected for testing enteropathogens. Enteric bacteria were identified and typed through culture and serotyping. Enteric viruses were identified through real-time PCR assay. hadResults Enteric pathogens were identified in 1572 (58.4%) of the 2692 enrolled children with acute diarrhea. Viruses were more frequently detected than bacteria (41.3% versus 25.0%), and co-infection with 2 or more pathogens was found in 13% of outpatients. Nontyphoidal Salmonella spp . (NTS) was the most common bacteria with 10.3% of isolate rate, followed by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) (6.5%), enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) (6.2%), Campylobacter spp . (3.6%), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (1.1%), Shigella spp . (0.2%), and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) (0.1%). Rotavirus was the most common virus with 16.0% of detection rate, followed by norovirus (15.5%), adenovirus (7.2%), sapovirus (3.0%) and astrovirus (2.7%).Conclusions Infectious diarrhea remains the major cause of diarrhea in children in Shanghai. Rotavirus, norovirus and NTS were the major enteric pathogens responsible for diarrhea in Shanghainese children. Improving uptake of rotavirus vaccine and strengthening prevention of foodborne pathogens will be helpful to reduce the burden of diarrheal diseases in children in Shanghai.
Interaction analysis on transmissibility of main pathogens of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Xi’an: a modelling study
Authors: Bai Yao , Liu Kun , Shao Zhongjun , Chen Zhijun , Chen Tianmu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objectives: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has spread widely and led to high disease burden in many countries, but the interaction among the pathogens of the disease remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to analyze the interaction of the main pathogens of HFMD using a mathematical model. Method: A dataset on reported HFMD cases was collected in Xi’an City. A long-term etiological surveillance was conducted focusing on the pathogens of the disease including Enterovirus A71 (EV71), Coxsachievirus A16 (CoxA16), and other enteroviruses. A susceptible–infectious–recovered model was adopted to calculate the reproduction number during the ascending period of reported cases (defined as Rasc) and the descending period (defined as Rdes). Results: In Xi’an, Rasc and Rdes of HFMD was 1.39 (95% CI: 1.31 – 1.48) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.65 – 0.74), respectively. CoxA16 and other enteroviruses interacted with each other and decreased the value of Rasc. However, Rdes of CoxA16 was increased by other enteroviruses directionally.However, during the reported cases decreasing period, interactions only occurred between EV71 and other enteroviruses and between CoxA16 and other enteroviruses. These interactions all decreased Rasc but increased Rdes of affected pathogens. Conclusions: The interaction of the pathogens exists in Xi’an City. The reproduction number of the affected pathogen is adjusted and verges to 1 by the interaction.
Transfers of care between healthcare professionals in obstetric units of different sizes: the MidconBirth study
Authors: Martin-Arribas Anna , Vila-Candel Rafael , O'Connel Rhona , Dillon Martina , Vila-Bellido Inmaculada , Beneyto Maria Angeles , Molina-Fernández Inmaculada de , Rodríguez-Conesa Noelia , González-Blázquez Cristina , Escuriet Ramon 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: In Europe, the majority of healthy women give birth at conventional obstetric units with the assistance of registered midwives. Childbirth assistance offered in highly technological settings and the variability found in the intrapartum interventions performed are causes for concern. This study examines the relationships between the intrapartum transfer of care from midwife to obstetrician-led maternity care, obstetric unit size (OUS) with different degrees of midwifery autonomy, intrapartum interventions and birth outcomes. Methods: A prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study promoted by the COST Action IS1405 was carried out at eight public hospitals in Europe. Data were collected through an online platform in 2016-2019. The primary outcome was transfer of care (TOC). The secondary outcomes included type of onset of labor, oxytocin stimulation, epidural analgesia, type of birth, episiotomy/perineal injury, postpartum hemorrhage, early initiation of breastfeeding and early skin-to-skin contact. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the women’s characteristics. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the statistical significance of the differences in the percentages of hospital groups between the variable categories; an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% CI, was calculated. A logistic regression was performed to ascertain the effects of studied co-variables on the likelihood that participants had a transfer of care. The significance level was set at p <0.05. Results: Out of a total of 2,126 low-risk women, those whose intrapartum care was initiated by a midwife (1,772) were selected. There were statistically significant differences between transfer of care and OUS (S1=29.0%, S2=44.0%, S3=52.9%, S4=30.2%, p<0.001). Statistically significant differences between OUS and onset of labor, oxytocin stimulation, type of birth and episiotomy or perineal injury were observed (p=0.009, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Findings suggest that the model of care and OUS have a significant effect on the prevalence of intrapartum transfer of care and the birth outcomes. Future research should examine how models of care differ as a function of the OUS in a hospital, as well as the cost-effectiveness for the health care system. Keywords: Midwife-led care; obstetrician-led care; continuity of care; transfer of care, maternal outcomes, neonatal outcomes
Effective saturation-based weighting for interblock hydraulic conductivity in unsaturated zone soil water flow modelling using one-dimensional vertical finite-difference model
Authors: Shanmugam Mohanasundaram , Kumar G. Suresh , Narasimhan Balaji , Shrestha Sangam 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Richards equation is solved for soil water flow modeling in the unsaturated zone continuum. Interblock hydraulic conductivities, while solving for Richards equation, are estimated by some sort of averaging process based on upstream and downstream nodes hydraulic conductivity values. The accuracy of the interblock hydraulic conductivity estimation methods mainly depends on the distance between two adjacent discretized nodes. In general, the accuracy of the numerical solution of the Richards equation decreases as nodal grid discretization increases. Conventional interblock hydraulic conductivity estimation methods are mostly mere approximation approaches while the Darcian-based interblock hydraulic conductivities involve complex calculations and require intensive computation under different flow regimes. Therefore, in this study, we proposed an effective saturation-based weighting approach in the soil hydraulic curve functions for estimating interblock hydraulic conductivity using a one-dimensional vertical finite-difference model which provides a parametric basis for interblock hydraulic conductivity estimation while reducing complexity in the calculation and computational processes. Furthermore, we compared four test case simulation results from different interblock hydraulic conductivity methods with the reference solutions. The comparison results show that the proposed method performance in terms of percentage reduction in root mean square and mean absolute error over other methods compared in this study were 59.5 and 60%, respectively.
Anti-Androgen Drugs in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nomani Homa , Mohammadpour Amir Hooshang , Moallem Seyed Mohammad Hassan , YazdanAbad Mahdi Jannati , Barreto George E. , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
This study aimed to systematically investigate whether anti-androgens could
significantly reduce Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) symptoms compared to placebo or usual
care in OCD patients.

Methods:
PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform
(ICTRP) databases were searched up to October 2018 using relevant keywords. All randomized and if
not available non-randomized studies conducted on a population including OCD patients who were
administered with anti-androgen, which reported changes in their symptoms, were included. The studies
on compulsive hypersexuality were excluded. Required data were extracted from full-text of the
included articles by two independent authors. One randomized and four non-randomized trials were
found.

Results:
The only randomized trial showed that flutamide, an anti-androgen agent, was effective in
reducing compulsion scores in male OCD patients with comorbid Tourette syndrome, compared to
placebo. Three out of four non-randomized trials showed that different anti-androgens including
finasteride, cyproterone acetate and triptorelin were effective in reducing OCD symptoms. The only
study, which failed to show the efficacy of an anti-androgen agent, administered OCD patients with
flutamide. Despite the positive results, available studies provide the evidence with low quality based
on the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group
(GRADE) approach.

Conclusions :
Available studies are not sufficient for a precise answer to our study question. There is
still a need for further large randomized blinded clinical trials to evaluate the effectiveness of antiandrogens
in OCD patients. It is recommended that gender, comorbidities and subscales of Yale-
Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Score (Y-BOCS) should be considered in designing the studies and
interpreting their results.
Standardisation of Technique and Volume of Iodinated Contrast Administration During Infrainguinal Angioplasty
Authors: Bates Kersten Morgan , Ghanem Huthayfa , Hague Julian , Matheiken Sean Joy 
Published: December 2019

Background:Acute Kidney injury is recognised to occur after administration of iodinated contrast during endovascular interventions for peripheral arterial disease. There are no standardised protocols for contrast delivery during infrainguinal angiography.Objective:The objective of this paper is to review published practice regarding the technique of conventional infrainguinal angiography and intervention, and describe a standard set of subtraction views, injection rates and contrast volumes for infrainguinal angioplasty.Methods:Database searches and review of papers containing (Angioplasty or Angiography) and (“lower limb” or peripheral or infrainguinal) and (method or technique or guidelines or protocol) was performed and defined procedures assessed.Results:A small number of papers provided specific technical details relating to contrast volumes and angiography views. There was considerable variation from authors who have described the contrast volumes used for lower limb angiography. We describe our simple and consistent method. The precise pathophysiology of contrast related nephropathy is under scrutiny. There is interest in new technology to minimise contrast induced kidney injury.Conclusion:Few publications specify iodinated contrast doses, injection volumes or imaging views for infrainguinal arteriography. Standard infrainguinal angioplasty can be performed with conventional equipment using relatively small volumes of contrast by following a systematic technique.
Exosomes: Carriers of Pro-Fibrotic Signals and Therapeutic Targets in Fibrosis
Authors: Li Mengyu , Jiang Mao , Meng Jie , Tao Lijian 
Published: December 2019

:Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that are released by a variety of cells. Exosomes contain cargo from cells they derived, including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. The bilayer lipid membrane structure of exosomes protects these contents from degradation, allowing them for intercellular communication. The role of exosomes in fibrotic diseases is increasingly being valued. Exosomes, as carriers of profibrotic signals, are involved in the development of fibrotic diseases, and also regulate fibrosis by transmitting signals that inhibit fibrosis or inflammation. Exosomes mobilize and activate a range of effector cells by targeted delivery of bioactive information. Exosomes can also reflect the condition of cells, tissues and organisms, and thus become potential biomarkers of fibrotic diseases. Exosomes from bone marrow stem cells support biological signaling that regulates and inhibits fibrosis and thus initially used in the treatment of fibrotic diseases. This article briefly summarizes the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis and treatment of fibrotic diseases and raises some issues that remain to be resolved.
Ultrasonic Block Compressed Sensing Imaging Reconstruction Algorithm Based on Wavelet Sparse Representation
Authors: Dai Guangzhi , He Zhiyong , Sun Hongwei 
Published: December 2019

Background:
This study is carried out targeting the problem of slow response time and
performance degradation of imaging system caused by large data of medical ultrasonic imaging.
In view of the advantages of CS, it is applied to medical ultrasonic imaging to solve the above
problems.

Objective:
Under the condition of satisfying the speed of ultrasound imaging, the quality of imaging
can be further improved to provide the basis for accurate medical diagnosis.

Methods:
According to CS theory and the characteristics of the array ultrasonic imaging system,
block compressed sensing ultrasonic imaging algorithm is proposed based on wavelet sparse representation.

Results:
Three kinds of observation matrices have been designed on the basis of the proposed algorithm,
which can be selected to reduce the number of the linear array channels and the complexity
of the ultrasonic imaging system to some extent.

Conclusion:
The corresponding simulation program is designed, and the result shows that this algorithm
can greatly reduce the total data amount required by imaging and the number of data
channels required for linear array transducer to receive data. The imaging effect has been greatly
improved compared with that of the spatial frequency domain sparse algorithm.
New Analytical Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Losartan and E-3174 by HPLC in Human Plasma: Application in Pharmaceutical Science
Authors: de Leon-Diaz de Leon Edgar Alejandro , Gordillo-Moscoso Antonio , Medina Úrsula , Hernández Ángel Antonio Vertiz , Almendra-Pegueros Rafael , Quijano Juan M. López 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Losartan, one of the most frequently used drugs in Heart Failure (HF)
treatment, could be modified for its bioavailability (BA) by generic formulations and other factors.
Hence, the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring.

Objective:
Development and validation of a simplified analytical method using HPLC for simultaneous
quantification of losartan and E-3174 in human plasma samples. The method was tested for determining
the pharmacokinetics parameters of HF patients.

Methods:
Analytical conditions were optimized using a C18 column (4.6 X 50 mm, 3 μm. Thermo
Scientific) at 25ºC. Conditions of mobile phase: a phosphate buffer (0.01M), adjusted to pH 2.5 with
phosphoric acid (1M) and Acetonitrile (60:40 v/v). The flow rate was maintained at 1.2 mL/min, on a
running time of 5 min and a sample injection volume of 50 μL. Absorbance for measurement of
losartan and E-3174 was 200 nm. Pharmacokinetics profiles were determined with Phoenix Win-
Nonlin 8.1 software in a non-compartmental model.

Results:
Analytical method developed and validated in this work is precise and accurate for simultaneous
determination of losartan and E-3174 in human plasma samples in a range of 0.02 -10 μg/mL.
In HF subjects, lower Tmax and higher Cmax for losartan and E-3174 patent than generic formulation
were observed, which can be translated into less biological effect and more time to present it by
the generic drug.

Conclusion:
The pharmacokinetic profile is dependent on the type of formulation studied (generic/
patent) hence the importance of conducting evaluations in our patients to ensure that the expected
therapeutic effect is achieved with treatment administered.
Ginsenoside Rh2 Improves the Cisplatin Anti-tumor Effect in Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells via Superoxide and PD-L1
Authors: Chen Yingying , Zhang Yuqiang , Song Wei , Zhang Ying , Dong Xiu , Tan Mingqi 
Published: December 2019

Background:Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) is a major biological component of ginseng that exerts antitumor activities in multiple cancers including Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers (NSCLCs). Rh2 also enhances the anti-tumor effects of various chemotherapy drugs including cisplatin at relatively low concentrations. Here, the mechanistic role of Rh2 in chemotherapy-treated NSCLCs will be investigated.Methods:In this study, FACS, western blot and siRNA addition were used to analyze the role of Rh2 in cisplatin- treated lung adenocarcinoma A549 and H1299 cells.Results:Subsequent observations indicated that Rh2 enhanced cisplatin-induced NSCLCs A549 and H1299 cells apoptosis. Cisplatin-induced productive autophagy was repressed by Rh2 in A549 cells. Rh2 also enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity by elevating superoxide dismutase activity and repressing cisplatin-induced superoxide generation. Conversely, Rh2 was found to repress cisplatin-induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, protein kinase B, and autophagy. Cisplatin-induced Programmed Death- Ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was repressed by Rh2 via the superoxide.Conclusion:These findings suggest that Rh2 enhanced the function of cisplatin by repressing superoxide generation, PD-L1 expression, and autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
Reliability Modeling of Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review
Authors: Xing Liudong 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Through smart micro sensor devices networked via wireless links and the
Internet, wireless sensor networks offer unprecedented opportunities for diverse applications, such
as healthcare, military, industry automation, and monitoring, environmental sensing, etc. It is one
of the enabling technologies for many Internet of Things and cyber-physical systems. Due to the
mission-critical nature of these systems, it is imperative that a wireless sensor network operates
correctly throughout the intended mission time. Thus, modeling the reliability of wireless sensor
networks is a critical task for their successful operations.

Objective:
This article is aimed to review the state-of-the-art work on the reliability modeling and
analysis of wireless sensor networks.

Methods:
The existing reliability modeling works for wireless sensor networks are identified and
classified based on different aspects, including scope, topology, communication paradigms, designs,
and reliability evaluation methods. Patents contributing to the reliability of wireless sensor
networks are also discussed.

Conclusion:
A rich body of works have been suggested for the reliability modeling and analysis of
wireless sensor networks contributing to their robust design and resilient operation. However, there
is still a great need to explore more efficient and innovative solutions to capture new aspects of
system complexity related to the development and growth of wireless sensor networks in contemporary
and future critical applications.
A Novel Mobile Phone App Intervention With Phone Coaching to Reduce Symptoms of Depression in Survivors of Women’s Cancer: Pre-Post Pilot Study
Authors: Chow Philip I , Drago Fabrizio , Kennedy Erin M , Cohn Wendy F 
Published: December 2019

Background
Psychological distress is a major issue among survivors of women’s cancer who face numerous barriers to accessing in-person mental health treatments. Mobile phone app–based interventions are scalable and have the potential to increase access to mental health care among survivors of women’s cancer worldwide.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a novel app-based intervention with phone coaching in a sample of survivors of women’s cancer.

Methods
In a single-group, pre-post, 6-week pilot study in the United States, 28 survivors of women’s cancer used iCanThrive, a novel app intervention that teaches skills for coping with stress and enhancing well-being, with added phone coaching. The primary outcome was self-reported symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). Emotional self-efficacy and sleep disruption were also assessed at baseline, 6-week postintervention, and 4 weeks after the intervention period. Feedback obtained at the end of the study focused on user experience of the intervention.

Results
There were significant decreases in symptoms of depression and sleep disruption from baseline to postintervention. Sleep disruption remained significantly lower at 4-week postintervention compared with baseline. The iCanThrive app was launched a median of 20.5 times over the intervention period. The median length of use was 2.1 min. Of the individuals who initiated the intervention, 87% (20/23) completed the 6-week intervention.

Conclusions
This pilot study provides support for the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of the iCanThrive intervention. Future work should validate the intervention in a larger randomized controlled study. It is important to develop scalable interventions that meet the psychosocial needs of different cancer populations. The modular structure of the iCanThrive app and phone coaching could impact a large population of survivors of women’s cancer.
PENGALAMAN BELAJAR MAHASISWA KEDOKTERAN DALAM PENGGUNAAN REKAMAN KULIAH SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Hakim Lukman , Sinar Ikrar Prihatanto Fundhy , Rusli Musofa 
Published: December 2019

Background: Recorded lecture is a type of learning media which the lecturers record their voices when lecturing. This type of media is popular in many universities outside Indonesia. Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga is developing electronic learning using recorded lecture in 2016. This study aimed to learn the experience of college student about the usage of recorded lecture, the impact to their learning style, and their hopes about the implementation of recorded lecture in Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga. Method: This qualitative study applied content analysis design. The variable used are age, gender, intelligence quotient, learning style, learning equipment, experience when using learning media, and busyness in student affairs. Results: Eleven subjects are interviewed. The results are variably different between the subject. There are seven themes arise from the analysis results, for instance: 1) classical class alone was not enough, need another alternative; 2) the recorded lecture was similar with the one in internet; 3) used recorded lecture just for a few times; 4) recorded lecture was very beneficial; 5) the recorded lecture was too long; 6) college students are very busy outside the class; 7) a wish for the improvement og the recorded lectures, both quality and quality. Conclusion: The experience felt by medical education students on the use of recordings still varies. In general, students feel helped by the recording of lectures, on the other hand there are students who are not satisfied with the quality and quantity of lecture recordings provided by the campus. Massive and comprehensive improvements are needed in all aspects of providing lecture records, both in terms of teachers and in terms of technology support Keywords: recorded lecture, content analysis, qualitative research, medical student, electronic learning.