bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Fatigue‐Related Disability in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis: The Importance of Daily Correlates
Authors: Hegarty Roisin S. M. , Conner Tamlin S. , Stebbings Simon , Fletcher Benjamin D. , Harrison Andrew , Treharne Gareth J. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveFatigue is common among people with inflammatory arthritis but is hard to manage. The aim of this study was to investigate how daily fluctuations in psychological variables correspond with changes in fatigue‐related disability in the daily lives of people with inflammatory arthritis and to identify factors to target in psychological interventions and routine clinical practice.MethodsA cohort of 143 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 97) or ankylosing spondylitis (n = 46) participated in a 10‐day online diary study. Each evening participants completed a diary questionnaire assessing their fatigue, pain, fatigue‐related disability, and 4 components of psychological flexibility (valued activity, mindfulness, cognitive fusion, and fatigue avoidance).ResultsOn days when participants were more engaged in valued activities or more mindful, they reported less disability due to fatigue, even when controlling for levels of fatigue and pain that day. The daily psychological flexibility variables explained a total of 15.6% of the variance in daily fatigue‐related disability.ConclusionPsychological flexibility variables are directly associated with fatigue‐related disability in the daily lives of inflammatory arthritis patients. Further research is needed to investigate whether interventions that target psychological flexibility are effective at reducing fatigue‐related disability.
Comparison Between Clinical and Ultrasound Assessment of the Ankle Region in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Lanni Stefano , Marafon Denise P. , Civino Adele , Alongi Alessandra , Proverbio Emanuele , Agostoni Carlo , Ravelli Angelo , Filocamo Giovanni 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the frequency of joint and tendon disease on ultrasound (US) and clinical examination, and to investigate agreement between US and clinical evaluation in ankles with clinically active juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsUS and clinical evaluation were performed independently in the joint and tendon compartments of 105 ankles. Gray‐scale (GS) US and power Doppler (PD) US joint abnormalities were scored on a 4‐point semiquantitative scale. A joint with a GS score ≥2 and/or a PD score ≥1 was defined as active on US. Agreement was tested using kappa statistics.ResultsA total of 163 joints in 89 ankles had active synovitis on US. The tibiotalar (TT) joint was the most commonly affected joint on US and on clinical evaluation. The intertarsal (IT) joint and the subtalar (ST) joint were the second in frequency on US and on clinical evaluation, respectively. Tenosynovitis was found more commonly on US than on clinical evaluation (70.5% and 32.4%, respectively), and was more frequent in the medial and lateral than in the anterior tendon compartment. Isolated tenosynovitis was detected on US in 12 of 105 ankles. Agreement between US and clinical evaluation for detection of active synovitis and tenosynovitis was less than acceptable (κ <0.4). No correlation was found between any feature of active disease recorded on clinical evaluation (joint swelling, tenderness/pain on motion, and restricted motion) and active synovitis on US in the TT joint, ST joint, and IT joint.ConclusionCoupling clinical evaluation with US aids in correctly localizing pathology. US training of practitioners is recommended to manage ankle disease in JIA.
Adaptive fuzzy control for nontriangular form systems with time‐varying full‐state constraints
Authors: Zhang Rui , Li Junmin , Jiao Jianmin 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis article investigates an adaptive fuzzy tracking control problem for a class of nontriangular form systems with asymmetric time‐varying full state constraints. Unknown functions are approximated by the fuzzy logic systems. A domination approach is employed to tackle the nontriangular form structure. Time‐varying asymmetric barrier Lyapunov functions (ABLFs) are adopted to ensure full‐state constraints satisfaction. Based on the backstepping technique and time‐varying ABLFs, an adaptive controller is proposed and guarantees that all the signals in the closed‐loop system are ultimately bounded and the time‐varying full state constraints are met. Simulation examples are presented to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Autonomously Responsive Membranes for Chemical Warfare Protection
Authors: Li Yifan , Chen Chiatai , Meshot Eric R. , Buchsbaum Steven F. , Herbert Myles , Zhu Rong , Kulikov Oleg , McDonald Ben , Bui Ngoc T. N. , Jue Melinda L. , Park Sei Jin , Valdez Carlos A. , Hok Saphon , He Qilin , Doona Christopher J. , Wu Kuang Jen , Swager Timothy M. , Fornasiero Francesco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStimuli‐responsive materials offer new opportunities to resolve long‐standing material challenges and are rapidly gaining pivotal roles in diverse applications. For example, smart protective garments that rapidly transport water vapor and autonomously block chemical threats are expected to enable an effective new paradigm of adaptive personal protection. However, the incorporation of these seemingly incompatible properties into a single responsive system remains elusive. Herein, a bistable membrane that can rapidly, selectively, and reversibly transition from a highly breathable state in a safe environment to a chemically protective state when exposed to organophosphate threats such as sarin is demonstrated. Dynamic response to chemical stimuli is achieved through the physical collapse of an ultrathin copolymer layer on the membrane surface, which efficiently gates transport through membrane pores composed of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The adoption of nanometer‐wide SWNTs for ultrafast moisture conduction enables a simultaneous boost in size‐sieving selectivity and water‐vapor permeability by decreasing nanotube diameter, thereby overcoming the breathability/protection trade‐off that limits conventional membrane materials. Adaptive multifunctional membranes based on this platform greatly extend the active use of a protective garment and present exciting opportunities in many other areas including separation processes, sensing, and smart delivery.
Integrated Saltwater Desalination and Energy Storage through a pH Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Debruler Camden , Wu Wenda , Cox Kevin , Vanness Brice , Liu T. Leo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHere, a pH neutral aqueous organic redox flow battery (AORFB) consisting of three electrolytes channels (i.e., an anolyte channel, a catholyte channel, and a central salt water channel) to achieve integrated energy storage and desalination is reported. Employing a low cost, chemically stable methyl viologen (MV) anolyte, and sodium ferrocyanide catholyte, this desalination AORFB is capable of desalinating simulated seawater (0.56 m NaCl) down to 0.023 m salt concentration at an energy cost of 2.4 W h L−1 of fresh water—competitive with current reverse osmosis technologies. Simultaneously, the cell delivers stored energy at 79.7% efficiency with a cell voltage of 0.85 V. Furthermore, the cell is also capable of higher current operation up to 15 mA cm−2, providing 4.55 mL of fresh water per hour. Combining energy storage and water desalination into such a bifunctional device offers the opportunity to address two growing global issues from one hardware installation.
Engineering of Polyanion Type Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Toward Higher Energy/Power Density
Authors: Li Huangxu , Xu Ming , Zhang Zhian , Lai Yanqing , Ma Jianmin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe development of high energy/power density sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) is still challenged by the high redox potential of Na/Na+ and large radius of Na+ ions, thus requiring extensive further improvement to, in particular, enhance the capacity and voltage of cathode materials. Among the various types of cathodes, the polyanion cathodes have emerged as the most pragmatic option due to their outstanding thermostability, unique inductive effect, and flexible structures. In this Review, a critical overview of the design principles and engineering strategies of polyanion cathodes that could have a pivotal role in developing high energy/power density SIBs are presented. Specifically, the engineering of polyanion cathode materials for higher voltage and specific capacity to increase energy density is discussed. The way in which morphology control, architectural design, and electrode processing have been developed to increase power density for SIBs is also analyzed. Finally, the remaining challenges and the future research direction of this field are presented.
High‐Power Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by High‐Concentration Acetonitrile‐Based Electrolytes with Vinylene Carbonate Additive
Authors: Peng Zhe , Cao Xia , Gao Peiyuan , Jia Haiping , Ren Xiaodi , Roy Swadipta , Li Zhendong , Zhu Yun , Xie Weiping , Liu Dianying , Li Qiuyan , Wang Deyu , Xu Wu , Zhang Ji‐Guang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo enable next‐generation high‐power, high‐energy‐density lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs), an electrolyte possessing both high Li Coulombic efficiency (CE) at a high rate and good anodic stability on cathodes is critical. Acetonitrile (AN) is a well‐known organic solvent for high anodic stability and high ionic conductivity, yet its application in LMBs is limited due to its poor compatibility with Li metal anodes even at high salt concentration conditions. Here, a highly concentrated AN‐based electrolyte is developed with a vinylene carbonate (VC) additive to suppress Li+ depletion at high current densities. Addition of VC to the AN‐based electrolyte leads to the formation of a polycarbonate‐based solid electrolyte interphase, which minimizes Li corrosion and leads to a very high Li CE of up to 99.2% at a current density of 0.2 mA cm‐2. Using such an electrolyte, fast charging of Li||NMC333 cells is realized at a high current density of 3.6 mA cm‐2, and stable cycling of Li||NMC622 cells with a high cathode loading of 4 mAh cm‐2 is also demonstrated.
Fully Flexible Electromagnetic Vibration Sensors with Annular Field Confinement Origami Magnetic Membranes
Authors: Zhao Yicong , Gao Shenghan , Zhang Xin , Huo Wenxing , Xu Hang , Chen Cheng , Li Jiao , Xu Kexin , Huang Xian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSensing of mechanical motion based on flexible electromagnetic sensors is challenging due to the complexity of obtaining flexible magnetic membranes with confined and enhanced magnetic fields. A fully flexible electromechanical system (MEMS) sensor is developed to conduct wearable monitoring of mechanical displacement with excellent adaptability to complex surface morphology through a suspended flexible magnet enclosed within a novel setup formed by a multi‐layer flexible coil and annular origami magnetic membranes. The annular membranes not only regulate the overall distribution of the magnetic field and enhance the overall magnetism by 291%, but also greatly increase the range of the magnetic field to cover the entire region of the coil. The sensor offers a broad frequency response ranging from 1 Hz to 10 kHz and a sensitivity of 0.59 mV µm−1 at 1.7 kHz. The fully flexible format of the sensor enables various applications demonstrated by biophysical sensing, motion detection, voice recognition, and machine diagnostics through direct attachment on soft and curvilinear surfaces. Similar sensors can combine multiple sensing and energy harvesting modalities to achieve battery‐less and self‐sustainable operation, and can be deployed in large numbers to conduct distributed sensing for machine status assessment, health monitoring, rehabilitation, and speech aid.
Nano and Microparticle Emerging Strategies for Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases: Multiple Sclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kwiatkowski Alexander J. , Stewart Joshua M. , Cho Jonathan J. , Avram Dorina , Keselowsky Benjamin G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAutoimmune diseases affect 10% of the world's population, and 1 in 200 people worldwide suffer from either multiple sclerosis (MS) or type 1 diabetes (T1D). While the targeted organ systems are different, MS and T1D share similarities in terms of autoreactive immune cells playing a critical role in pathogenesis. Both diseases can be managed only symptomatically without curative remission, and treatment options are limited and non‐specific. Most current therapies cause some degree of systemic immune suppression, leaving the patients susceptible to opportunistic infections and other complications. Thus, there is considerable interest in the development of immunotherapies not associated with generalized immune suppression for these diseases. This review presents current and preclinical strategies for MS and T1D treatment, emphasizing those aimed to modulate the immune response, including the most recent strategies for tolerance induction. A central focus is on the emerging approaches using nano‐ and microparticle platforms, their evolution as immunotherapeutic carriers, including those incorporating specific antigens to induce tolerance and reduce unwanted generalized immune suppression.
Challenges and Advances in Aerosol Jet Printing of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Solutions
Authors: Xiao Yuhan , Kalaitzidou Kyriaki , Yao Donggang , Yeo Woon‐Hong , Harris Tequila A. L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSilk fibroin materials are manufactured using printing and coating techniques at resolutions 1–2 µm. However, current processes are unstable, of low printability and versatility, and of limited feature size, and often require use of additives to process, which can impact material functionality and performance. Although there exist well established material synthesis and formulation approaches for making processable solutions from silkworm cocoons, these approaches do not translate to the emerging fabrication processes, such as aerosol jet printing (AJP). Here, a new approach is introduced to formulate silk‐worm solutions for AJP and subsequently analyze the processing limits, due to defects such as overspray, pooling, and cloudiness. It is found that the degumming step is critical and can lead to defects such as gelling and pooling. Furthermore, it is found that there exists a narrow processing window (sheath rate as a function of ink rate) for AJP formulations without defects. As with other materials (such as metal inks), overspray is an issue during the fabrication process; however, it is minimized within the processing window. This work stands to open a pathway for manufacturing new and emerging biodegradable materials suitable for pharmaceuticals, food packaging, and electronics, among others.
Synthesis of Multiple‐Twinned Pd Nanoparticles Anchored on Graphitic Carbon Nanosheets for Use as Highly‐Active Multifunctional Electrocatalyst in Formic Acid and Methanol Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Huang Huajie , Wei Yujie , Shen Bingfeng , Zhang Yao , He Haiyan , Jiang Quanguo , Yang Lu , Nanjundan Ashok Kumar , Na Jongbeom , Xu Xingtao , Zhu Jixin , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough direct formic acid fuel cells and direct methanol fuel cells have attracted a lot of interest owing to their high energy‐conversion efficiency and low pollutant emissions, their large‐scale commercial applicability is limited by lack of suitable catalysts that exhibit high activity and are cheap. Here, a synergistic morphology and defect engineering strategy for the “clean” synthesis of multiple‐twinned Pd nanoparticles on nitrogen‐doped low‐defect graphitic carbon nanosheets (Pd/NL‐GCN) without using a template or surfactant are presented. The unique grain‐boundary‐enriched multiple‐twinned Pd nanoparticles provide a large number of catalytically active sites, while the graphitic carbon frameworks with a modulated electronic structure afford high electron conductivity as well as strong poison tolerance. Consequently, the Pd/NL‐GCN hybrid shows outstanding catalytic performance with respect to the oxidation of formic acid and methanol, exhibiting a large electrochemically active surface area, high mass activity, and good long‐term durability. Moreover, the catalyst outperforms conventional Pd‐nanoparticle‐based catalysts supported on carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene materials.
Transcribing In Vivo Blood Vessel Networks into In Vitro Perfusable Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Chen Yih Yang , Kingston Benjamin R. , Chan Warren C. W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe 3D architecture of blood vessel networks dictates how nutrients, waste, and drugs are transported. These transport processes are difficult to study in vivo, leading researchers to develop methods to construct vessel networks in vitro. However, existing methods require expensive, customized equipment and cannot create large (>1 cm3) constructs. This makes them inaccessible to many researchers or educators. Here, a method that transcribes 3D images of blood vessel networks into physical microfluidic devices is developed. The method takes 3D images of blood vessel networks and uses fused‐filament 3D fabrication with standard polylactic acid (PLA) filament to print the imaged vessel network. The 3D printout is cast in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and dissolved, producing vessel channels that are lined with endothelial cells. Devices imprinted with different vessel networks including small intestinal villi, pancreatic islets, and tumors from mice and humans are created. The method replicates the complex geometries of blood vessel networks in an in vitro device with commonly available equipment and materials. This increases the accessibility of this technology by allowing researchers or educators without access to expensive laser ablation microscope set‐ups or custom 3D printers to be able to create vasculature network devices.
Photothermal Catalytic Gel Featuring Spectral and Thermal Management for Parallel Freshwater and Hydrogen Production
Authors: Gao Minmin , Peh Connor Kangnuo , Zhu Liangliang , Yilmaz Gamze , Ho Ghim Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDesalination processes often require large amounts of energy to create clean water, and vice versa for the generation of energy. This interdependence creates a tension between the two essential resources. Current research focuses on one or the other, which exacerbates water‐energy stress, while few tackle both issues jointly. Herein, a low‐carbon technology, H2O–H2 co‐generation system that enables concurrent steady freshwater and clean energy output is reported. The water‐energy coupled technology features a spectrally and thermally managed solar harvesting gel for photoredox and photoheating effects. This photothermal catalytic gel exploits interfacial solar heating for heat confinement, and localized plasmonic heating at the catalyst active sites to remarkably improve water and hydrogen production, thus maximizing energy value per area. To this end, a stand‐alone renewable solar desalination system is successfully demonstrated for parallel production of freshwater and hydrogen under natural sunlight. By doing so, the water–energy nexus is transformed into a synergistic bond that offers opportunities to better meet expected demand rather than acting in competition.
Coupling Magnetic Single‐Crystal Co2Mo3O8 with Ultrathin Nitrogen‐Rich Carbon Layer for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ouyang Ting , Wang Xiao‐Tong , Mai Xiu‐Qiong , Chen An‐Na , Tang Zi‐Yuan , Liu Zhao‐Qing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTransition‐metal oxides as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) provide a promising route to face the energy and environmental crisis issues. Although palmeirite oxide A2Mo3O8 as OER catalyst has been explored, the correlation between its active sites (tetrahedral or octahedral) and OER performance has been elusive. Now, magnetic Co2Mo3O8@NC‐800 composed of highly crystallized Co2Mo3O8 nanosheets and ultrathin N‐rich carbon layer is shown to be an efficient OER catalyst. The catalyst exhibits favorable performance with an overpotential of 331 mV@10 mA cm−2 and 422 mV@40 mA cm−2, and a full water‐splitting electrolyzer with it as anode catalyst shows a cell voltage of 1.67 V@10 mA cm−2 in alkaline. Combined HAADFSTEM, magnetic, and computational results show that factors influencing the OER performance can be attributed to the tetrahedral Co sites (high spin, t23e4), which improve the OER kinetics of rate‐determining step to form *OOH.
One‐Step Ring Opening Metathesis Block‐Like Copolymers and their Compositional Analysis by a Novel Retardation Technique
Authors: Yasir Mohammad , Liu Peng , Markwart Jens C. , Suraeva Oksana , Wurm Frederik R. , Smart Jansie , Lattuada Marco , Kilbinger Andreas F. M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUsing a one‐step synthetic route for block copolymers avoids the repeated addition of monomers to the polymerization mixture, which can easily lead to contamination and, therefore, to the unwanted termination of chain growth. For this purpose, monomers (M1–M5) with different steric hindrances and different propagation rates are explored. Copolymerization of M1 (propagating rapidly) with M2 (propagating slowly), M1 with M3 (propagating extremely slowly) and M4 (propagating rapidly) with M5 (propagating slowly) yielded diblock‐like copolymers using Grubbs’ first (G1) or third generation catalyst (G3). The monomer consumption was followed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, which revealed vastly different reactivity ratios for M1 and M2. In the case of M1 and M3, we observed the highest difference in reactivity ratios (r1=324 and r2=0.003) ever reported for a copolymerization method. A triblock‐like copolymer was also synthesized using G3 by first allowing the consumption of the mixture of M1 and M2 and then adding M1 again. In addition, in order to measure the fast reaction rates of the G3 catalyst with M1, we report a novel retardation technique based on an unusual reversible G3 Fischer‐carbene to G3 benzylidene/alkylidene transformation.
Photochromic Free MOF‐Based Near‐Infrared Optical Switch
Authors: Kulachenkov Nikita K. , Sun Dapeng , Mezenov Yuri A. , Yankin Andrei N. , Rzhevskiy Sergey , Dyachuk Vyacheslav , Nominé Alexandre , Medjahdi Ghouti , Pidko Evgeny A. , Milichko Valentin A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate herein an all‐optical switch based on stimuli‐responsive and photochromic‐free metal–organic framework (HKUST‐1). Ultrafast near‐infrared laser pulses stimulate a reversible 0.4 eV blue shift of the absorption band with up to 200 s−1 rate due to dehydration and concomitant shrinking of the structure‐forming [Cu2C4O8] cages of HKUST‐1. Such light‐induced switching enables the remote modulation of intensities of photoluminescence of single crystals of HKUST‐1 as well visible radiation passing through the crystal by 2 order of magnitude. This opens up the possibility of utilyzing stimuli‐responsive MOFs for all‐optical data processing devices.
Photoredox‐Controlled β‐Regioselective Radical Hydroboration of Activated Alkenes with NHC‐Boranes
Authors: Zhu Congjun , Dong Jie , Liu Xueting , Gao Liuzhou , Zhao Yue , Xie Jin , Li Shuhua , Zhu Chengjian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this Communication, we report an unprecedented β‐regioselective radical inverse hydroboration (compared with ionic hydroboration) of α,β‐unsaturated amides with NHC‐BH3 enabled by photoredox catalysis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the unique photoredox cycle is a key factor to control the β‐regioselective radical hydroboration, by lowering the energy barrier in comparison with other pathways. This protocol provides a general and convenient route to construct a wide range of structurally diverse β‐borylated amides in synthetically useful yields under mild conditions.