bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple Testing Method for Measuring the Triaxial Stress-Strain Relations of Unsaturated Soils at High Suctions
Authors: Chen Bo , Gao You , Sun De’an , Li Jie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Unsaturated soils at high suctions are widespread in arid and semiarid areas. Test data on the mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils are scarce at high suctions. In this article, the effect of void ratio or density on the soil-water retention behavior was discussed on the basis of measured data of various compacted soils at high suctions. According to the test data, the soil-water retention behavior is independent of the dry density or void ratio over a high suction range, namely, if the water content of a soil specimen is kept constant, the suction will be constant and independent of the void ratio (deformation) at high suctions. Therefore, a simple testing method for measuring the stress-strain relations of unsaturated triaxial specimens at high suctions is proposed by combining the vapor equilibrium technique (VET) with saturated salt solutions and the triaxial shear tests at constant water contents. First, a known initial high suction is imposed on the specimen by using the VET with a saturated salt solution. Then, the specimen is triaxially sheared under a constant water content, thereby resulting in a constant high suction during triaxial shearing. The proposed testing method can substantially shorten the testing period for one triaxial test. Finally, the results of triaxial shear tests on silt, silty clay, and expansive soil at high suctions obtained by the proposed testing method are presented.
Türkiye Türkçesindeki Farsça Kelimelerde Anlam Değişmeleri
Authors: GÜNGÖR Okan Celal , SOYSAL Esin Eren 
Published: June 2020

Kelime alışverişi, toplumların birbirleriyle ilişki halinde olmalarının doğal sonucudur. Tarihin çok eski
devirlerinden beri ticari, siyasi, kültürel ilişkileri olan ve daha sonraları aynı medeniyetin bir parçası haline
gelen Türk ve Fars toplumlarının kurdukları bu ilişkiler, iki toplumun diline de yansımıştır. Özellikle Selçuklular
zamanında Farsçadan Türkçeye pek çok kelime girmiş, bu kelime akışı Osmanlı döneminde de artarak devam
etmiştir.
Dildeki değişme süreklidir ve dil, kullanımı sırasında yeni durumlar ve koşullara göre şekil alır. Türkiye
Türkçesindeki Farsça kelimeler de süreç içinde, büyük ölçüde hem Türk dilinin fonetiğine hem de Türk düşünce
yapısına uygun bir hal almıştır. Türkçe, Farsça kelimelerin anlam/anlamlarından ihtiyacı olanını aldığı gibi, bu
kelimelerin bir kısmına ise yeni anlam incelikleri katmış, dolayısıyla bu kelimeler kaynak dilden farklı olarak
yeni bir kavramı karşılar duruma gelmiştir.
Türkiye Türkçesine Farsçadan girmiş 327 kelimenin 90’ında anlam değişmesi meydana gelmişken
237’sinin anlamının Farsçadaki anlam/anlamlarla örtüştüğü görülmüştür. Anlamı değişmiş olan 90 kelimenin
46’sı Farsçadaki anlam/anlamlarını korumakla birlikte, Türkçede yeni anlam/anlamlar kazanmış (aferin, can,
cömert, çeşni vb.), 44’ü ise Farsçadaki anlam/anlamlarından koparak başka anlama/anlamlara geçmiştir (çarşı,
çile, destek, erişte, hemşire, serüven vb.).
Anlam değişmelerinde özellikle deyim aktarmasının bir türü olarak görülen doğadan insana aktarmalar
yanında ad aktarmaları, argo kullanımlar, terim oluşturma çabası, mecaz ve yan anlam bağlantıları etkili
olmuştur. Bu anlatım yolları dışında bazı kelimelerin Farsçada fiilken Türkiye Türkçesinde isim veya sıfat
olarak kullanımı, yani tür değiştirmesi ya da Farsçada bağımsız olarak kullanılan iki kelime ya da yapının yeni
bir kavramı karşılamak üzere birleştirilmesi gibi nedenler de bu anlam çeşitlenmesinde etkili olmuştur.
Selçuklu Meliki Davud’un Saltanat Mücadelesi
Authors: ÜNAL Nuran 
Published: June 2020

Sultan Melikşah’ın 485/1092 yılında vefatıyla birlikte Büyük Selçuklu Devleti’nde taht mücadeleleri
başlamış, sonrasında oğulları Berkyaruk ve Muhammed Tapar arasındaki mücadeleden Berkyaruk (1094-1105)
galip çıkarak Büyük Selçuklu Devleti tahtına oturmuştu. Berkyaruk’un 498/1104 ve ondan sonra tahta geçen
Muhammed Tapar’ın da 511/1118 yılında ölmesinin ardından Muhammed Tapar’ın oğlu Mahmud tahta çıksa da
kısa süre sonra amcası Sencer ile giriştiği mücadele sonucu Save Savaşı’nda aldığı yenilgi üzere Büyük Selçuklu
Devleti tahtını amcasına bırakmak zorunda kalmıştı. Sencer iktidarı ele almasına karşın doğuda kalmayı tercih
etmiş ve batı meseleleriyle ilgilenmek üzere Irak Selçuklu Devleti’nin temellerini atarak yeğeni Mahmud’u bu
yeni devletin başına geçirmiştir.
Irak Selçukluları kuruluşundan itibaren meliklerin isyanları ve Abbâsî halifelerinin tekrar dünyevî siyaseti
ele geçirme çabalarıyla mücadele etmek durumunda kalmıştı. Sultan Mahmud (1118-1131) ölümüne kadar
kardeşleri ve Abbâsî Halifesi el-Müsterşid Billâh (1118-1135) ile mücadele ederek Irak Selçuklu Devleti’nin
başında kalmayı başarmıştı. Onun 525/1131 yılında vefatının ardından yerine oğlu Davud (1131-1132) Irak
Selçuklu Devleti tahtına çıkmıştı. Ancak yeni Irak Selçuklu sultanının tahta çıkarken tâbi olduğu Sultan
Sencer’in onayını almaması, diğer Selçuklu meliklerinin isyanları ve el-Müsterşid Billâh’ın onun adına hutbe
okutmaması üzerine kısa süre sonra iktidardan uzaklaştırılmıştı. Buna rağmen Davud saltanat sevdasından
vazgeçmemişti. Kendisi gibi taht iddiacısı olan amcaları Mesud ve Selçukşah, el-Müsterşid Billâh ile ittifak
kurarak tekrardan tahtı ele geçirme çabası içerisine girmişti. Bu çalışmada kısa süreli de olsa Irak Selçuklu
Devleti’nin hükümdarlarından olan Davud’un taht mücadelesi ve bu mücadeleler sırasında kurmuş olduğu
ittifaklar ele alınacaktır.
5-((4-brom-2-klorfenoksi)metil)oksazolidin-2-on ve 5-((2-brom-4-klorfenoksi)metil)oksazolidin-2-on bileşiklerinin Sentezi ve Teorik Hesaplamaları
Authors: KARABULUT Bayhan , KIRILMIŞ Cumhur 
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada 5-((4-brom-2-klorfenoksi)metil)oksazolidin-2-on
ve 5-((2-brom-4-klorfenoksi)metil)oksazolidin-2-on bileşikleri sentezlenip
teorik spektroskopik özellikleri B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) ve HF/6-31G (d) temel
setleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla çalışılan bileşiklerin öncelikle
DFT, HF yöntemleri ve 6-31G (d,p)/ 6-31G (d) temel setleri kullanılarak
optimizasyonu yapılmıştır. Gaussian G09W paket programı kullanılarak 1H-NMR,
13C-NMR kimyasal kayma değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Deneysel ve teorik
kimyasal kayma değerleri için regrasyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca
moleküllerin bağ uzunluklarıyla mulliken yükleri, en yüksek dolu moleküler
orbital enerjisi (HOMO) ve en düşük boş moleküler orbital enerjisi (LUMO)
değerleri hesaplanmıştır. HOMO ve LUMO enerji değerlerinden yararlanılarak
iyonizasyon potansiyeli elektron ilgisi, elektronegatiflik, kimyasal sertlik, kimyasal yumuşaklık gibi
parametrelerin hesaplamaları bir tablo halinde sunulmuştur. Hesaplanan teorik
veriler ile deneysel verilerin uyumlu oldukları görülmüştür.
Çift İndisli Kesirli Fark Dizilerinin İstatistiksel Yakınsaklığı
Authors: ATABEY Koray İbrahim , ÇINAR Muhammed 
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, çift indisli kesirli fark dizilerinin istatistiksel yakınsaklığı, istatistiksel yakınsaklık ve Cesaro, kuvvetli p-Cesaro, De la Valle-Poussin, kuvvetli p- De la Valle-Poussin toplanabilirlik tanımlarını vererek bunlar arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek ve istatistiksel yakınsaklık kavramını genişletmektir.
Evaluation of Soil Radon Gas and Earthquake on the Fault Zone
Authors: ŞAHİN BAL Sultan , DOGRU Mahmut 
Published: June 2020

Four radon stations are located on the Sivrice Fault Zone of the East Anatolia Fault System (DAFS) which is one of the most important active fault systems that creates big earthquakes in Turkey. Soil radon measurements were performed by using a sensing system that includes a Nuclear Spectroscopic system located at certain stations which have been placed on the fault zone and by applying passive sensors method using plastic detectors (CR-39) at these same locations.
In this study, the soil radon gas values from the stations were analyzed with different topics and the results: (i) Station II is located on the southern part of the Sivrice Fault Zone that has a higher seismic activity, (ii) There is a relationship between the alterations of soil radon gas outlets and the occurrence of earthquakes, however, it has been seen that some other parameters (temperature, humidity and pressure) also have an effect on radon outlet, (iii) The radon gas change according to the active and passive detection systems is parallel at each station but it is different in comparison with other stations.
E-Comic Learning Media Based Problem Based Learning In Subject of Linear Equation System
Authors: Nasrulloh Muhammad Farid , Hanik Siti , Satiti Wisnu Siwi 
Published: June 2020

This study aims to learn the feasibility of e-comic media in MTsN 12 Jombang. The method of this research is Research and Development (RD). The development model used is the ADDIE development model with stages: analysis (analysis), design (design), development (development), implementation (implementation), and evaluation (evaluation). The subjects of this research were students of class VII D of MTsN 12 Jombang. The research instruments used in data collection were (1) questionnaire sheets and (2) students' response results. The results showed that the validity of the learning media obtained was based on the validation of the material experts showed 4.2 with a valid category, assessment of the validation of the material experts showed 4.8 with a very valid category, validation of the existing media experts showed 4.53 with a very valid category and participant responses students there are 94% with the category of strongly agree.
The effect of pre- and postnatal exposure to a mixture of daidzein and genistein on the reproductive system of male rats
Authors: Marchlewicz Mariola , Szypulska-Koziarska Dagmara , Baranowska-Bosiacka Irena , Duchnik Ewa , Wiszniewska Barbara , Kruk Joanna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction: There is growing interest in the risk or benefits soybean food known as rich in isoflavones, due to their interactions with endogenous estrogen signal transduction pathway. Recent studies provide evidence that isoflavones can affect the reproductive and endocrine system under regular diet.
The aim of this study was to determine how the long-lasting administration of the key isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, may change morphology of the testis and the function of the epididymal antioxidant system of male rats.

Materials and methods: Male rats were treated by genistein and daidzein, in combination 2 (S2) or 20 (S20) mg/kg body weight per day for 5 days weekly mixed with regular rat chow from prenatal life until to sexual maturity. The control groups were fed without isoflavones.

Results: The findings show that the body, testis and cauda epididymis weights, testosterone level in blood plasma were
significantly lower than controls in the S20 group (p < 0.05). Also, superoxide dismutase activity in the epididymis, catalase activity in the testis, and glutathione peroxidase activity in the caput epididymis were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Treating with these isoflavones significantly suppressed lipid peroxides levels in the epididymis (p < 0.05). Furthermore, presence of prematurely exfoliated gametogenic cells was observed in seminiferous tubules as well as the architectural disorganization of the seminiferous epithelium.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that isoflavones, if consumed chronically at a dose as for the S20 group may act not only as antioxidants, but they can be a risk for the male rats reproductive system dysfunction.
Effect of Bowel Preparation Volume in Inpatient Colonoscopy. Results of a Prospective, Randomized, Comparative Pilot Study
Authors: Hernandez Patricia V , Horsley-Silva Jennifer L. , Snyder Diana L. , Baffy Noemi , Atia Mary , Koepke Laura , Buras Matthew R. , Lim Elisabeth S. , Ruff Kevin , Umar Sarah B. , Islam Sameer , Ramirez Francisco C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Inpatient status has been shown to be a predictor of poor bowel preparation for colonoscopy; however, the optimal bowel preparation regimen for hospitalized patients is unknown. Our aim was to compare the efficacy of bowel preparation volume size in hospitalized patients undergoing inpatient colonoscopy.Methods: This prospective, single blinded (endoscopist), randomized controlled trial was conducted as a pilot study at a tertiary referral medical center. Hospitalized patients undergoing inpatient colonoscopy were assigned randomly to receive a high, medium, or low-volume preparation. Data collection included colon preparation quality, based on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale, and a questionnaire given to all subjects evaluating the ability to completely finish bowel preparation and adverse effects (unpleasant taste, nausea, and vomiting). Results: Twenty-five colonoscopies were performed in 25 subjects. Patients who received low-volume preparation averaged a higher mean total BBPS (7.4, SD 1.62), in comparison to patients who received high-volume (7.0, SD 1.41) and medium-volume prep (6.9, SD 1.55), P = 0.77. When evaluating taste a higher score meant worse taste. The low-volume group scored unpleasant taste as 0.6 (0.74), while the high-volume group gave unpleasant taste a score of 2.2 (0.97) and the medium-volume group gave a score of 2.1 (1.36), P < 0.01.Conclusion: In this pilot study we found that low-volume colon preparation may be preferred in the inpatient setting due its better rate of tolerability and comparable bowel cleanliness when compared to larger volume preparation, although we cannot overreach any definitive conclusion. Further more robust studies are required to confirm these findings.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT01978509
Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Serious Mental Illness, and Delivery-Related Health Outcomes, United States, 2006-2015
Authors: McKee Kimberly Schmitt , Admon Lindsay K. , Winkelman Tyler N. A. , Muzik Maria , Hall Stephanie , Dalton Vanessa K. , Zivin Kara 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: National estimates of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMAD) and serious mental illness (SMI) among delivering women over time, as well as associated outcomes and costs, are lacking. The prevalence of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders and serious mental illness from 2006-2015 were estimated as well as associated risk of adverse obstetric outcomes, including severe maternal morbidity and mortality (SMMM), and delivery costs. Methods: The study was a serial, cross-sectional analysis of National Inpatient Sample data. The prevalence of PMAD and SMI was estimated among delivering women as well as obstetric outcomes, healthcare utilization, and delivery costs using adjusted weighted logistic with predictive margins and generalized linear regression models, respectively. Results: The study included an estimated 39,025,974 delivery hospitalizations from 2006-2015 in the U.S. PMAD increased from 18.4 (95% CI 16.4-20.0) to 40.4 (95% CI 39.3-41.6) per 1,000 deliveries. SMI also increased among delivering women over time, from 4.2 (95% CI 3.9-4.6) to 8.1 (95% CI 7.9-8.4) per 1,000 deliveries. Medicaid covered 72% (95% CI 71.2-72.9) of deliveries complicated by SMI compared to 44% (95% CI 43.1-45.0) and 43.5% (95% CI 42.5-44.5) among PMAD and all other deliveries, respectively. Women with PMAD and SMI experienced higher incidence of SMMM, and increased hospital transfers, lengths of stay, and delivery-related costs compared to other deliveries (P<.001 for all). Conclusion: Over the past decade, the prevalence of both PMAD and SMI among delivering women increased substantially across the United States, and affected women had more adverse obstetric outcomes and delivery-related costs compared to other deliveries.
Access to primary healthcare services and associated factors in urban slums in Nairobi-Kenya
Authors: Otieno Peter O. , Wambiya Elvis Omondi Achach , Mohamed Shukri M , Mutua Martin Kavao , Kibe Peter M , Mwangi Bonventure , Donfouet Hermann Pythagore Pierre 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Access to primary healthcare is crucial for the delivery of Kenya’s universal health coverage policy. However, disparities in healthcare have proved to be the biggest challenge for implementing primary care in poor-urban resource settings. In this study, we assessed the level of access to primary healthcare services and associated factors in urban slums in Nairobi-Kenya. Methods: The data were drawn from the Lown scholars’ study of 300 randomly selected households in Viwandani slums (Nairobi, Kenya), between June and July 2018. Access to primary care was measured using Penchansky and Thomas’ model. Access index was constructed using principal component analysis and recorded into tertiles with categories labeled as poor, moderate, and highest. Generalized ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with access to primary care. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95 percent confidence intervals were used to interpret the strength of associations. Results: The odds of being in the highest access tertile versus the combined categories of lowest and moderate access tertile were three times higher for males than female-headed households (AOR 3.05 [95% CI 1.47-6.37]; p<.05). Households with an average quarterly out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure of ≥USD 30 had significantly lower odds of being in the highest versus combined categories of lowest and moderate access tertile compared to those spending ≤ USD 5 (AOR 0.36 [95% CI 0.18-0.74]; p<.05). Households that sought primary care from private facilities had significantly higher odds of being in the highest versus combined categories of lowest and moderate access tertiles compared to those who sought care from public facilities (AOR 6.64 [95% CI 3.67-12.01]; p<.001). Conclusion: In Nairobi slums in Kenya, living in a female-headed household, seeking care from a public facility, and paying out-of-pocket for healthcare are significantly associated with low access to primary care. Therefore, the design of the UHC program in this setting should prioritize quality improvement in public health facilities and focus on policies that encourage economic empowerment of female-headed households to improve access to primary healthcare.
Validation of the 7-item Knee Replacement Patient Education Questionnaire (KR-PEQ-7) based on the 16-item Knee Osteoarthritis Patient Education Questionnaire (KOPEQ) by comparison of two measures
Authors: Huber Erika Omega , Boger Axel , Meichtry André , Bastiaenen Caroline H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the content validity including item reduction, construct validity and internal consistency of the existing 16-item Knee Osteoarthritis Patient Education Questionnaire. Former research had indicated that a reduction of items was necessary. Participants were patients with severe knee osteoarthritis who, prior to undergoing a knee replacement operation, participated routinely in a preoperative educational intervention. Methods: A mixed method design was used. The first step was directed at the reduction in the number of items on the 16-item Knee Osteoarthritis Patient Education Questionnaire. Based on a priori hypotheses, this was followed by a cross-sectional validation study, performed to compare the resulting 7-item Knee Replacement Patient Education Questionnaire to a patient-testing Interview Protocol that was tailored to the same patient educational material. Additionally, the revised questionnaire was correlated with both the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy and the Mini-Mental State Examination score. Results: A relatively high internal consistency was found for the 7-item Knee Replacement Patient Education Questionnaire, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84 (SE: 0.036). Explanatory factor analysis showed no evidence against a one-factor model, with the first and second eigenvalues being 3.8 and 0.31, respectively. Bayesian Estimation of the correlation between the 7-item Knee Replacement Patient Education Questionnaire and the Interview Protocol was 0.78 (mode) (95% HPD 0.58 – 0.89).Conclusions: The 7-item Knee Replacement Patient Education Questionnaire shows good psychometric properties and could provide valuable support to health professionals. It can provide valid feedback on how patients waiting for a knee replacement operation experience an applied patient education intervention. Further investigation is needed to assess the applicability of the 7-item Knee Replacement Patient Education Questionnaire to larger samples in different hospitals and countries.
Opening Large-Conductance Potassium Channels Selectively Induced Cell Death of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Sizemore Gina , McLaughlin Sarah , Newman Mackenzie , Brundage Kathleen , Ammer Amanda , Martin Karen , Pugacheva Elena , Coad James , Mattes Malcolm , Yu Han-Gang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Unlike other breast cancer subtypes that may be treated with a variety of hormonal or targeted therapies, there is a need to identify new, effective targets for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). It has recently been recognized that membrane potential is depolarized in breast cancer cells. The primary objective of the study is to explore whether hyperpolarization induced by opening potassium channels may provide a new strategy for treatment of TNBC.Methods: Breast cancer datasets in cBioPortal for cancer genomics was used to search for ion channel gene expression. Immunoblots and immunohistochemistry were used for protein expression in culture cells and in the patient tissues. Electrophysiological patch clamp techniques were used to study properties of BK channels in culture cells. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope were used for cell viability and cell cycle studies. Ultrasound imaging was used to study xenograft in female NSG mice. Results: In large datasets of breast cancer patients, we identified a gene, KCNMA1 (encoding for a voltage- and calcium-dependent large-conductance potassium channel, called BK channel), overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer patients. Although overexpressed, 99% of channels are closed in TNBC cells. Opening BK channels hyperpolarized membrane potential, which induced cell cycle arrest in G2 phase and apoptosis via caspase-3 activation. In a TNBC cell induced xenograft model, treatment with a BK channel opener significantly slowed tumor growth without cardiac toxicity. Conclusions: Our results support the idea that hyperpolarization induced by opening BK channel in TNBC cells can become a new strategy for development of a targeted therapy in TNBC.