bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Phenomenon and the Characteristics of Precariate in Hungary: Labormarket situation, Precariate, Subjective health
Authors: Erdei Renáta J , Fedor Anita R. Fedor R. 
Published: November 2019

Anita R. Fedor- Renáta J. Erdei Abstract The focus of our research is labor market integration and the related issues like learning motivation, value choices, health status, family formation and work attitudes. The research took place in the North Great Plain Region – Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza region, Debrecen, Cigánd district (exception), we used the Debrecen and the national database of the Graduate Tracking System. Target groups: 18-70 year-old age group, women and women raising young children, 15-29 year-old young age group, high school students (graduate ones) fresh university graduates. The theorethical frameworks of the precariate research is characterized by a multi-disciplinar approach, as this topic has sociological, economic, psychological, pedagogical, legal and health aspects. Our aim is to show whether There is relevance between the phenomenon of precariate and labor market disadvantage and how individual insecurity factors affect a person’s presence in the labor market. How the uncertainties in the workplace appear in different regions and social groups by expanding the theoretical framework.According to Standing precariate is typical to low gualified people. But I would like to see if it also typical to highly qualifiled young graduates with favourable conditions.It is possible or worth looking for a way out of the precarious lifestyle (often caused by objective reasons) by combining and using management and education.Are there definite features in the subjective state of health of groups with classic precariate characteristics? Results The research results demonstrate that the precarious characteristics can be extended, they are multi-dimensional.The personal and regional risk factors of labor market exclusion can develop both in different regions and social groups. Precarized groups cannot be connected exclusively to disadvantaged social groups, my research has shown that precarious characteristics may also appear, and the process of precarization may also start among highly qualified people. Precariate is a kind of subjective and collective crisis. Its depth largely depends on the economic environment, the economic and social policy, and the strategy and cultural conditions of the region. The results show, that the subjective health of classical precar groups is worse than the others.
How to Improve Local Turnout
Authors: van Ostaaijen Julien , van Zuydam Sabine , Epskamp Martijn 
Published: November 2019

How to Improve Local Turnout
Even though many municipalities use a variety of means to improve turnout in local elections, citizen participation in local elections is a point of concern in many Western countries, including the Netherlands. Our research question is therefore: How effective are municipal efforts to improve turnout in (Dutch) local elections? To this end, we collected data from three sources: (1) a survey sent to the municipal clerks of 389 Dutch municipalities to learn what they do to improve turnout; (2) data from Statistics Netherlands on municipalities’ socio-demographic characteristics; and (3) data on the turnout in local elections from the Dutch Electoral Council database. Using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, we found that the direct impact of local governments’ efforts to improve turnout is low. Nevertheless, some measures seem to be able to make a difference. The relative number of polling stations was especially found to impact turnout.
Opening the Opaque Blank Box
Authors: Pilet Jean-Benoit , Jimena Sanhuza Maria , Talukder David , Dodeigne Jérémy , Brennan Audrey E. 
Published: November 2019

Opening the Opaque Blank Box
In this article, we propose an in-depth exploration of blank and null ballots in the recent 2018 local elections in Wallonia (Belgium). In the official results, both blank and null ballots are merged together and are classified as invalid votes. After obtaining the authorization to access genuine electoral ballots, we study the votes which were not considered for the composition of local councils in detail. The dataset is a representative sample of 13,243 invalidated ballots from 49 Walloon municipalities. We first describe how many of these invalidated ballots are blank and how many are null votes, as well as the nature of the nulled votes (unintended errors or intentionally spoiled ballots). Second, we dig deeper into the differences between ballots that have been intentionally invalidated by voters (blank votes and intentional null votes) and ballots non-intentionally invalidated. Our results show that most of the ballots (two-thirds) are null ballots and that among them, half are unintentional null ballots. Finally, we show that contextual (socio-demographic and political) factors explain the variations in intentional and unintentional null votes across municipalities.
Sub-Constituency Campaigning in PR Systems
Authors: Lefevere Jonas , De Swert Knut , Tsoulou-Malakoudi Artemis 
Published: November 2019

Sub-Constituency Campaigning in PR Systems
Sub-constituency campaigning occurs when parties focus their campaign resources on specific geographical areas within an electoral district. This behaviour was traditionally thought to occur only in single-member plurality elections, but recent research demonstrates that proportional systems with multi-member districts can also elicit sub-constituency campaigning. However, most studies of sub-constituency campaigning rely on self-reported measures of campaigning, not direct measures of campaign intensity in different regions and communities. We present novel data on geographical variations in the intensity of Flemish parties’ campaign advertising during the 2014 general elections in Belgium, which provides a direct measure of sub-constituency campaigning. Our findings show clear evidence of sub-constituency campaigning: parties campaign more intensely in municipalities where they have stronger electoral support and in municipalities with greater population density.
The Differential Diagnosis of Reparative Changes and Malignancy: Performance in the College of American Pathologists Pap Education and Proficiency Testing Programs
Authors: Staats Paul N. , Souers Rhona J. , Nunez Amberly Lindau , Li Zaibo , Kurtycz Daniel F. I. , Goodrich Kelly , Witt Benjamin Lloyd , Davey Diane Davis , Booth Christine Noga 
Published: November 2019

Context.—
Repair is a challenging diagnosis and a significant source of false-positive (FP) interpretations in cervical cytology. No large-scale study of performance of repair in the liquid-based era has been performed.

Objective.—
To evaluate the performance of repair in the College of American Pathologists Pap Education and Proficiency Testing (PT) programs.

Design.—
The FP rate for slides classified as repair was evaluated by preparation type, participant type (cytotechnologist, pathologist, or laboratory), and program. The specific misdiagnosis category and individual slide performance were also evaluated. The rate of misclassification of slides as repair by participants for other diagnostic categories in the Pap Education program was assessed.

Results.—
The overall FP rate was 1700 of 12 715 (13.4%). There was no significant difference by program or preparation type. Within the Education program there was no difference by participant type, but pathologists' FP rate in the PT program (47 of 514, 9.1%) was significantly better than cytotechnologists in the PT program (51 of 380, 13.4%) and pathologists in the Education program (690 of 4900, 14.1%). High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions/cancers (HSIL+) accounted for 1380 of 1602 FP interpretations (86%) in Education, but 43 of 98 (43.9%) in PT. Most slides had a low rate of misclassification, but a small number were poor performers. False-negative diagnosis of HSIL+ as repair was less common, ranging from 0.7% to 1.8%.

Conclusions.—
Despite initial indications that liquid-based cytology might reduce the rate of misclassification of repair, FP interpretations remain common and are no different by preparation type. Misclassification is most commonly as HSIL or carcinoma, potentially resulting in significant patient harm.
Effectiveness and Duration of Plantar Pressure Off-loading by Two Designs of Felt Padding: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Nieto-Gil María Pilar , Ortega-Avila Ana Belen , Pardo-Rios Manuel , Gijon-Nogueron Gabriel 
Published: November 2019

Background:
The aim of this study was to observe the pressure changes in the felt padding used to off-load pressure from the first metatarsal head, the effects obtained by different designs, and the loss of effectiveness over time.

Method:
With a study population of 17 persons, two types of 5-mm semicompressed felt padding were tested: one was C-shaped, with an aperture cutout at the first metatarsophalangeal joint, and the other was U-shaped. Pressures on the sole of the foot were evaluated with a platform pressure measurement system at three time points: before fitting the felt padding, immediately afterward, and 3 days later.

Results:
In terms of decreased mean pressure on the first metatarsal, significant differences were obtained in all of the participants (P < .001). For plantar pressures on the central metatarsals, the differences between all states and time points were significant for the C-shaped padding in both feet (P < .001), but with the U-shaped padding the only significant differences were between no padding and padding and at day 3 (P = .01 and P = .02).

Conclusions:
In healthy individuals, the U-shaped design, with a padding thickness of 5 mm, achieved a more effective and longer-lasting reduction in plantar pressure than the C-shaped design.
Inheritance Pattern and Association of Qualitative and Quantitative Traits in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) for Sustainable Breeding Goal
Authors: Sattar Saira , Nawaz Bilal , Ishaq Muhammad , Sultana Razia , Bashir Bilal , Saqlain Muhammad , Hannan Kainth Abdul , Faheem Shahid Muhammad , Ahmad Malik Tanwir 
Published: November 2019

Background: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the most important fiber crop of the world and commonly known as white gold. It plays an important role in the economy of Pakistan. It provides raw material to the local textile industry and generates considerable amount of foreign exchange. The yield of cotton is lower in Pakistan. Knowledge of association among different traits is important for the development of cultivars with better yield and quality characters.
Materials and Methods: In this research, two parents (PB-38 and Jambo Okra) and their crosses sown in randomized complete block design with three replications to sort out best performing genotypes for these profitable traits (plant height, number of sympodial branches, number of monopodial branches, leaf type, boll size, boll shape, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, ginning out turn, 100 seed weight and seed cotton yield).
Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that parental and their F2 population showed significant differences for all the observed traits. Correlation and inheritance pattern of all characters provides information of association among all traits and percentage of inheritable attributes.
Conclusions: The association and inheritance pattern study provide us useful information for effective selection and sustainable breeding programs. Heritability estimations revealed that heritability of traits fluctuate as following order; monopodial branches> ginning outturn>boll weight>sympodial branches>plant height>yield>number of bolls plant-1 with heritable percentages 99%, 90%, 89%, 64%, 60%, 60% and 55% respectively.
Development and Validation of Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (UHPLC) Method for the Determination of Roxithromycin in the Broiler Plasma
Authors: Singh R. D. , Mody S. K. , Patel H. B. , Sarvaiya V. N. , Patel B. R. , Gondaliya S. B. 
Published: November 2019

Aims: The present study was designed to develop and validate the UHPLC method for quantitative determination of roxithromycin, a macrolide antimicrobial drug, in broiler plasma for the application of pharmacokinetic studies.
Methodology: UHPLC apparatus comprised of ultraviolet (UV) detector was used in the present study. Chromatographic separation was performed by using reverse phase C18 column. Mobile phase was combination of buffer and 55 acetonitrile in the ratio of 55: 45. Buffer part used was 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (v/v) having pH of 2.1. Erythromycin was used as an internal standard. Isocratic elution mode was employed with flow rate of 1 ml/min and effluents were monitored at wavelength of 220 nm. Liquid-liquid extraction using ice-cold acetonitrile was performed to extract roxithromycin from plasma samples. The data integration was performed using Chromeleon™ version 6.8 software.
Results: The linear calibration curve with a mean correlation coefficient (R2) value of 0.9999 was observed for concentrations ranging from 0.20 to 12.80 µg/ml. At any concentration, accuracy was not found to be less than 90%. The mean extraction recovery (n=5) for concentrations of 0.40 µg/ml was 81.36%. The calculated intraday and interday C.V. % was not more than 7.70% and 9.42%, respectively, at any concentration studied. The specificity of the analysis was reflected by the narrow range of retention time ranging between 6.983 to 7.178 minutes. LOD and LOQ of the method under investigation were calculated as 0.131 and 0.398 µg/ml, respectively.
Conclusion: A reliable, reproducible, accurate, precise, specific and sensitive method for analysis of roxithromycin in broiler plasma was developed and validated for application in the pharmacokinetic study of the roxithromycin.
Detectors
Authors: Ham Ronald E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Microwave energy cannot be effectively detected with equipment used for lower frequency applications. Changes in microwave frequency voltage are too rapid to be captured on any but the fastest sampling oscilloscopes, and response time and parasitics of common test meters render them useless. Microwave detectors measure power in controlled impedance environments afforded by transmission lines and waveguides. Since the system impedance is known, voltage and current magnitudes can be derived. With the judicious application of other microwave components such as power splitters and quadrature couplers, phase information can be extracted from multiple power measurements; therefore, complete characterization of a system or component is possible with only microwave detectors to convert microwave signal characteristics into readily observable and measurable quantities of low‐frequency voltages and currents.
Signal Integrity
Authors: Peterson Zachariah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Signal integrity in radio frequency (RF) systems encompasses several design, measurement, and analysis techniques used to evaluate the quality of a signal transmitted through a high‐frequency channel. Analysis techniques involve the use of frequency‐domain transfer functions and network parameters, which can be used to design interconnects with the desired impedance and propagation characteristics. In this chapter, the foundational definitions, electronic design concepts, and analytical frameworks will be introduced and reviewed. Remarks regarding the applicability and relations between such signal integrity metrics are provided to give readers an overview of signal integrity practices used in academia and industry. A section on S‐parameters and network parameter analysis is included to highlight the applicability and physical interpretation of this fundamental network parameter set. Finally, signal integrity challenges associated with nonlinear systems, namely, power amplifiers, will be presented at the end of the manuscript.
The Optimized Design of Sandwich Structured SiO2/C@SiC/SiO2 Composites Through Numerical Simulation for Temperature‐Resistant Radar and Infrared Compatible Stealth
Authors: Liu Chuyang , He Taian , Hu Congcong , Qian Qi , Hao Yilin , Xu Lu , Lu Hengyi , Ji Guangbin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn contemporary times, radar and infrared‐compatible stealth materials have emerged as a pivotal domain of research globally, aimed at augmenting the survivability of military assets. However, current candidates generally exhibit subpar compatibility performance in elevated temperature environments due to the imbalanced interplay between the two spectral bands. In this work, a meticulously designed sandwich‐structure SiO2/C@SiC/SiO2 composite is proposed to cope with the challenge. The middle layer of C@SiC composites possesses excellent microwave absorption performance even at high temperatures. The outer layers of SiO2 aerogels serve not only to inhibit the infrared radiation intensity, but also reinforce the microwave absorption capacity by optimizing the impedance matching and reducing the heat transferred to the middle layer. Based on the numerical simulation outcomes, the thickness of each layer has been optimized to attain a harmonious balance between microwave absorption and infrared radiation properties. Ultimately, the sandwich structured SiO2/C@SiC/SiO2 composites demonstrate low RL (reflection loss) values (←5 dB) across nearly the entire X band (8–12 GHz), alongside minimal surface temperatures hovering ≈44 °C at an ambient temperature of 200 °C. The comprehensive investigation into impact patterns and underlying mechanisms offers invaluable insights to develop radar and infrared‐compatible stealth materials for high‐temperature applications, which can be applied as stealth coatings on the skin of high Mach number aircraft.
Cobalt Catalytic Regulation Engineering in Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries: Facilitating Rapid Polysulfides Conversion and Delicate Na2S Nucleation
Authors: Mei Tiehan , Li Xu , Lin Xitao , Bai Lixin , Xu Maowen , Qi Yuruo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe sluggish conversion kinetics and uneven deposition of sodium sulfide (Na2S) pose significant obstacles to the practical implementation of room temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na─S) batteries. To tackle these challenges, herein, a cathode host (Co‐NMCN) that enables rapid polysulfides conversion and delicate Na2S nucleation is developed via integrating Co nanoparticles into N‐doping multilayer carbon network. The freestanding carbon network expedites electronic transport and relives the electrode expansion, while the Co nanoparticles perform strong chemical adsorption with soluble sodium polysulfide (NaPSs) via Co─S bonds and exhibit remarkable electrocatalytic effect on the multi‐electron conversion of NaPSs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal a low energy barrier for NaPSs diffusion and Na₂S oxidation, which facilitates the uniform deposition of Na₂S across the scaffold in a controlled 3D nucleation process. This effectively mitigates the formation of irreversible by‐products and prevents electrocatalyst passivation, thus enhancing the overall reaction efficiency. As a result, the as‐prepared S@Co‐NMCN electrode delivers an impressive reversible capacity of 934.2 mA h g−1 at 0.5C and maintains a low decay rate of 0.064% per cycle over 800 cycles at 0.5C.
Specific gFET‐Based Aptasensors for Monitoring of Microbiome Quality: Quantification of the Enteric Health‐Relevant Bacterium Roseburia Intestinalis
Authors: Zhang Yiting , Xing Hu , Li Runliu , Andersson Jakob , Bozdogan Anil , Strassl Robert , Draphoen Bastian , Lindén Mika , Henkel Marius , Knippschild Uwe , Hasler Roger , Kleber Christoph , Knoll Wolfgang , Kissmann Ann‐Kathrin , Rosenau Frank 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRoseburia intestinalis, enriched in the gut, is closely associated with obesity, intestinal inflammation, and other diseases. A novel detection method for R. intestinalis to replace the commonly used 16S rRNA sequencing technique is aim to developed, thus enabling real‐time and low‐cost monitoring of gut microbiota. The optimal solution is to utilize rGO‐FET (reduced graphene oxide field‐effect transistor) functionalized with aptamers. Due to the high sensitivity of graphene sensors to electronic changes in the system, it is anticipated to achieve detection sensitivity that traditional fluorescence detection techniques cannot attain. The previous work reported a nucleic acid aptamer library, Ri 7_2, capable of quantitatively tracking R. intestinalis in complex systems. However, due to the complexity of the aptamer library itself, large‐scale industrial synthesis is challenging, significantly limiting its further commercial application potential. Therefore, in this study, through Next‐Generation Sequencing analysis, four representative single aptamers from the aptamer library is strategically selected, named A‐Rose 1, A‐Rose 2, A‐Rose 3, and A‐Rose 4, and confirmed their excellent performance similar to the aptamer library Ri 7_2. Furthermore, aptamer‐modified rGO‐FET demonstrated universality in detecting R. intestinalis in a series of biochemical analyses, providing a novel and powerful diagnostic tool for the clinical diagnosis of R. intestinalis.
In‐Ear Electronics with Mechanical Adaptability for Physiological Sensing
Authors: Zhuo Shuyun , Wu Zihuan , Williams Chris , Sundaresan Chithiravel , Ameri Shideh Kabiri 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSignificant developments have been made in the field of wearable healthcare by utilizing soft materials for the construction of electronic sensors. However, the lack of adaptability to complex topologies, such as ear canal, results in inadequate sensing performance. Here, we report an in‐ear physiological sensor with mechanical adaptability, which softens upon contact with the ear canal's skin, thus reducing the sensor‐skin mechanical mismatch and interface impedance. An efficient strategy of mechanical adjustment and switching is exploited to increase the softness of the device, leading to a significant decrease in Young's modulus from 30.5 MPa of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to 0.86 MPa of TPU/Ecoflex foam (TEF).The mechanical adaptability at body temperature endows the in‐ear device improved device‐canal contact area and interface stability. As a result, the TEF‐based in‐ear device demonstrates reliable sensing, low motion artifact, and high comfort in electroencephalography (EEG) and core body temperature sensing. High quality EEG signals of alpha, beta, delta, and gamma are measured during different activities. Moreover, the TEF‐based in‐ear device exhibits high reusability for over 4 months, which makes it suitable for long‐term healthcare monitoring.
Topological Transformation and Dimensional Reduction in Multicomponent Metal–Organic Frameworks for Gas Separations
Authors: Li Hui , Yang Huiyue , Pu Xinya , Xu Yitang , Zhu Kai , Xue Chaozhuang , Huang Hongliang , Gan Lei , Yang Huajun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMulticomponent MOFs have offered a wide range of opportunities to harness new properties. However, the synthesis of multicomponent MOFs remains challenging. This work demonstrates the synthesis of a family of multicomponent MOFs by topological transformation from well‐established multicomponent partitioned acs (pacs) structures. Such transformation is based on the new understanding on the self‐assembly process of pacs MOFs. A key to this understanding is that pacs structures, topologically regarded as the introduction of a pore‐partitioning ligand into MOF‐235/MIL‐88 type framework, are likely to be formed in a layer‐pillar‐layer fashion in practical reactions. As the π–π interaction between layers and other chemical interactions during the self‐assembly process are recognized, the structural transformation can be modulated from 3D pacs structures to 2D interrupted pacs structures (denoted i‐pacs). It is especially noteworthy that such dimensional reduction is first observed in metal‐organic frameworks and the i‐pacs MOFs contain four structural modules and up to five components, which have the highest complexity among 2D MOFs. Interestingly, the i‐pacs MOFs have significantly enhanced performance for CO2/N2 separation in comparison with pacs MOFs.