bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the amount of collagen and elastic fibres in bovine teats
Authors: Koskenniemi Heidi , Laakkonen Juha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe amount of collagen and elastic fibres near the Fürstenberg's rosette in histological sections of bovine teats was estimated using the ImageJ image processing software. This method holds promise for comparing tissue types within and between sections but it was not a reliable way to quantify the absolute amount of tissue types in a sample. The amount of elastic fibres and collagen was similar in cow teats with a history or acute case of mastitis infection and in non‐infected cows, but this could not be statistically tested due to limitations in the study material.
Economic considerations on the usage of biologics in the allergy clinic
Authors: Azzano Pauline , Dufresne Élise , Poder Thomas , Bégin Philippe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe advent of biologic therapies has transformed care for severe atopic disorders but their high cost poses new challenges with regard to long‐term sustainability and fair allocation of resources. This article covers the basic concepts of cost‐utility analyses and reviews the available literature on cost utility of biologic drugs in atopic disorders. When used within their limits as part of a multi‐dimensional assessment, economic analyses can be extremely useful to guide decision‐making and prioritization of care. Despite the good quality of most cost‐utility analyses conducted for the use of biologics in asthma and other atopic diseases, their conclusions regarding cost‐effectiveness are extremely variable. This is mainly due to the use of inconsistent estimates of health utility benefit with therapy. Development of reliable and validated instruments to measure disutility in atopic disorders and measure of indirect costs in atopic disease are identified as a priority for future research.
Different alteration patterns of sub‐macular choroidal thicknesses in aquaporin‐4 immunoglobulin G antibodies sero‐positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum diseases and isolated optic neuritis
Authors: Peng Chunxia , Li Li , Yang Mo , Teng Da , Wang Junqing , Lai Mengying , Qian Haiyan , Li Hongyang , Zhou Huanfen , Xu Quangang , Wei Shihui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeThe ocular choroid is a sensitive biomarker of vascular perfusion in optic neuritis (ON) patients due to its vascular structures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate alterations in sub‐macular choroidal thicknesses (sub‐MCT) in aquaporin‐4 immunoglobulin G antibodies (AQP4‐IgG) sero‐positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (AQP4‐IgG+/NMOSD) and isolated ON (ION) patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsA total of 208 ON patients (275 eyes) and healthy controls (HCs) who underwent sub‐MCT and retinal microstructure detection with OCT were enrolled in this study.ResultsAmong all the ON patients, 102 (49.0%) cases were identified as serum AQP4‐IgG‐positive, with 106 (51.0%) cases being negative, excluding multiple sclerosis as the ION cohort. The sub‐MCT in the AQP4‐IgG+/NMOSD patients decreased in 0–6 months after ON attacks. However, for the ION cohort, the sub‐MCT decreased in 0–2 months and then stayed normal or slightly increased in 2–4 months after the first ON attack, finally sharply decreasing after 6 months. For unilateral AQP4‐IgG+/NMOSD patients, eyes without ON also presented retinal layer thinning and sub‐MCT slight reduction independent of ON attacks.ConclusionsThe sub‐MCT in AQP4‐IgG+/NMOSD patients were reduced at all stages of ON, which distinguished the ION patients as decreasing only at chronic stage of ON. It implied that ocular vascular hypoperfusion plays a potential role in ON pathogenesis and the different patterns could be caused by the distinct pathogenesis of AQP4‐IgG+/NMOSD and ION.
Fewer gastrointestinal bleeds with ticagrelor and prasugrel compared with clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome following percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Abraham Neena S. , Yang Eric H. , Noseworthy Peter A. , Inselman Jonathan , Yao Xiaoxi , Herrin Jeph , Sangaralingham Lindsey R. , Ngufor Che , Shah Nilay D. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundGastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) frequently occurs following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with the prescription of P2Y12 inhibiting antiplatelet agents. Compared with clopidogrel, the newer P2Y12 inhibitors lower major adverse cardiac events with similar or possibly higher major bleeding events. The comparative GIB rates of these medications remain poorly understood.AimTo compare GIB rates associated with clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor using national medical and pharmacy claims data from privately insured and Medicare Advantage enrollees .MethodsPropensity score and inverse probability treatment weighting were used to balance baseline characteristics among treatment groups. The 1‐year GIB risk was calculated using weighted Cox proportional hazard models and expressed as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and number needed to harm (NNH).ResultsWe identified 37 019 patients with ACS (non‐ST elevation ACS [NSTE‐ACS] and ST‐elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI]) within 14 days of a PCI (mean age 63 years and 70% male). Clopidogrel prescription was most common (69%) with prasugrel (16%) and ticagrelor (14%) prescribed less frequently. When compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor was associated with a 34% risk reduction (HR 0.66; 95% CI: 0.54–0.81) in GIB overall and with NSTE‐ACS, and a 37% GIB risk reduction (HR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.42–0.93) in STEMI patients. When compared with clopidogrel, prasugrel was associated with a 21% risk reduction (HR 0.79; 95% CI: 0.64–0.97) overall, a 36% GIB risk reduction (HR 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49–0.85) in STEMI patients but no reduction of GIB risk in NSTE‐ACS patients.ConclusionsIn the first year following PCI, ticagrelor or prasugrel are associated with fewer GIB events than clopidogrel.
Editorial: which factors influence HBsAg levels in HBV‐infected patients?
Authors: Cornberg Markus , Glebe Dieter 
Published: July 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Cavallone et al and Brunetto and Cavallone papers. To view these articles, visit
https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15753 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15910.
Letter: faecal microbiota transplantation for irritable bowel syndrome. Authors' reply
Authors: Lahtinen Perttu , Jalanka Jonna , Hartikainen Anna , Mattila Eero , Hillilä Markku , Punkkinen Jari , Koskenpato Jari , Anttila Veli‐Jukka , Tillonen Jyrki , Satokari Reetta , Arkkila Perttu 
Published: July 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Lahtinen et al and Segal papers. To view these articles, visit
https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15810 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15824.
Letter: ustekinumab dose intensification for loss of response—should we re‐induce before shortening the dose interval? Author's reply
Authors: Kopylov Uri 
Published: July 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kopylov et al and Srinivansan papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15784 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15883.
Letter: ciclosporin and vedolizumab for steroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis
Authors: Resál Tamás , Pigniczki Daniella , Szántó Kata , Rutka Mariann , Farkas Klaudia , Molnar Tamas 
Published: July 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Ollech et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15616.
Letter: is unrealised adult height resulting from paediatric Crohn’s disease associated with a potential reduction in lifetime earnings? Authors’ reply
Authors: Mouratidou Natalia , Malmborg Petter , Olén Ola 
Published: July 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Mouratidou et al and Hron papers. To view these articles, visit
https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15667 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15828.
Association between healthcare practitioners' beliefs about statins and patients' beliefs and adherence
Authors: Huiskes Victor J.B. , van den Ende Cornelia H.M. , van Dijk Liset , Burger David M. , van den Bemt Bartholomeus J.F. 
Published: July 2020

AimsAdherence to statins ranges from 32% to 79%. Patients' beliefs about medication are associated with adherence. There is lack of insight into the possible association between beliefs of healthcare practitioners (HCPs) about statins and patients' beliefs and adherence. This study aims to examine whether HCPs' beliefs about statins are associated with patients' beliefs and adherence about/to statins.MethodsCross‐sectional study in 48 pharmacies and affiliated physicians' practices between 3 September 2014 and 20 March 2015. HCPs' (prescribers and pharmacy staff) and patients' beliefs about statins were assessed with the Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire (BMQ) specific. Adherence to statins was assessed with the MARS‐5 questionnaire. Multilevel regression analysis was performed to assess the association between HCPs' beliefs and patients' beliefs and adherence.Results1504 patients (mean age 66.8 [s.d. ± 9.9] years, 46.5% female) and 734 HCPs (209 physicians, 118 pharmacists and 366 pharmacy technicians) participated in this study. Patients have higher BMQ necessity (16.9 [s.d. ± 4.3]) and BMQ concern (12.3 [s.d. ± 3.9]) scores than HCPs (15.0 [s.d. ± 3.0] and 11.5 [s.d. ± 2.9], P < 0.001). No associations were found between any of the HCPs' BMQ and patients' BMQ scores and adherence to statins. Patients' BMQ necessity, concern and necessity‐concerns (NC)‐differential scores were associated with patients' adherence (MARS‐5) scores. B (95% CI) coefficients were 0.057 (0.035‐0.079), −0.040 (−0.064 to –0.016) and.061 (0.043‐0.079).ConclusionsPatients have stronger beliefs about medication compared to HCPs. No associations were found between HCPs' BMQ scores on the one hand and patients' BMQ scores and adherence to statins on the other hand.
Novel anti‐cancer candidates from a combinatorial peptide library
Authors: Ambaye Nigus D. , Yu Hua E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSTAT3 is attractive target for development of anti‐cancer therapeutics as it is implicated in nearly all forms of human tumors. To identify novel leads, we screened a combinatorial peptide library displayed on the surface of M13 bacteriophage. After three rounds of biopanning, a dodecapeptide with the YYVSWPPDMMHY sequence was found to be enriched by 36% while another with a short consensus motif was displayed in 20% of the phages. Binding analysis by isothermal titration calorimetry shows the most displayed peptide interacted with a Kd of 1.79 μM, which on modification of its structure to mimic the natural binding partners of STAT3 brought the affinity to high nanomolar range (Kd = 500 nM). Using a panel of tumor cell lines, we show that the peptides prevented the proliferation of triple‐negative breast cancer cells with a moderate activity (GI50 = 50 μM). Furthermore, gene expression analysis shows the peptide reduced the expression of oncoproteins critical for tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. To find novel STAT3‐interacting proteins, we searched the non‐redundant sequences of the National Center for Biotechnology Information database which allowed us to identify potential binding partners of the protein. In sum, our data show the identified agents could serve as useful therapeutics candidates for further development.
UV‐free Texturing using Sparse Voxel DAGs
Authors: Dolonius D. , Sintorn E. , Assarsson U. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn application may have to load an unknown 3D model and, for enhanced realistic rendering, precompute values over the surface domain, such as light maps, ambient occlusion, or other global‐illumination parameters. High‐quality uv‐unwrapping has several problems, such as seams, distortions, and wasted texture space. Additionally, procedurally generated scene content, perhaps on the fly, can make manual uv unwrapping impossible. Even when artist manipulation is feasible, good uv layouts can require expertise and be highly labor intensive.This paper investigates how to use Sparse Voxel DAGs (or DAGs for short) as one alternative to avoid uv mapping. The result is an algorithm enabling high compression ratios of both voxel structure and colors, which can be important for a baked scene to fit in GPU memory. Specifically, we enable practical usage for an automatic system by targeting efficient real‐time mipmap filtering using compressed textures and adding support for individual mesh voxelizations and resolutions in the same DAG. Furthermore, the latter increases the texture‐compression ratios by up to 32% compared to using one global voxelization, DAG compression by 10 – 15% compared to using a DAG per mesh, and reduces color‐bleeding problems for large mipmap filter sizes.The voxel‐filtering is more costly than standard hardware 2D‐texture filtering. However, for full HD with deferred shading, it is optimized down to 2.5 ± 0.5 ms for a custom multisampling filtering (e.g., targeted for minification of low‐frequency textures) and 5 ± 2 ms for quad‐linear mipmap filtering (e.g., for high‐frequency textures). Multiple textures sharing voxelization can amortize the majority of this cost. Hence, these numbers involve 1–3 textures per pixel (Fig. 1c).
Combinatorial Construction of Seamless Parameter Domains
Authors: Zhou J. , Tu C. , Zorin D. , Campen M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe problem of seamless parametrization of surfaces is of interest in the context of structured quadrilateral mesh generation and spline‐based surface approximation. It has been tackled by a variety of approaches, commonly relying on continuous numerical optimization to ultimately obtain suitable parameter domains. We present a general combinatorial seamless parameter domain construction, free from the potential numerical issues inherent to continuous optimization techniques in practice. The domains are constructed as abstract polygonal complexes which can be embedded in a discrete planar grid space, as unions of unit squares. We ensure that the domain structure matches any prescribed parametrization singularities (cones) and satisfies seamlessness conditions. Surfaces of arbitrary genus are supported. Once a domain suitable for a given surface is constructed, a seamless and locally injective parametrization over this domain can be obtained using existing planar disk mapping techniques, making recourse to Tutte's classical embedding theorem.
Motion Retargetting based on Dilated Convolutions and Skeleton‐specific Loss Functions
Authors: Kim SangBin , Park Inbum , Kwon Seongsu , Han JungHyun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMotion retargetting refers to the process of adapting the motion of a source character to a target. This paper presents a motion retargetting model based on temporal dilated convolutions. In an unsupervised manner, the model generates realistic motions for various humanoid characters. The retargetted motions not only preserve the high‐frequency detail of the input motions but also produce natural and stable trajectories despite the skeleton size differences between the source and target. Extensive experiments are made using a 3D character motion dataset and a motion capture dataset. Both qualitative and quantitative comparisons against prior methods demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our method.
Simulation of Dendritic Painting
Authors: Canabal José A. , Otaduy Miguel A. , Kim Byungmoon , Echevarria Jose 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a new system for interactive dendritic painting. Dendritic painting is characterized by the unique and intricate branching patterns that grow from the interaction of inks, solvents and medium. Painting sessions thus become very dynamic and experimental. To achieve a compelling simulation of this painting technique we introduce a new Reaction‐Diffusion model with carefully designed terms to allow natural interactions in a painting context. We include additional user control not possible in the real world to guide and constrain the growth of the patterns in expressive ways. Our multi‐field model is able to capture and simulate all these complex phenomena efficiently in real time, expanding the tools available to the digital artist, while producing compelling animations for motion graphics.
Impact of end‐expiratory pressure fluctuation on tidal volume in the trilevel positive airway pressure mode
Authors: Ma Zhi‐xiang , Zhou Tian‐ran , Li Wei , Ma De‐dong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn noninvasive positive‐pressure ventilation (NPPV), the changes in the expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) directly affect the magnitude of the tidal volume.ObjectivesThis experimental study aims to verify the precise effects of end‐expiratory fluctuation on the body tidal volume to better assist NPPV in clinical practice.MethodsWe selected the TestChest‐simulated lung simulation of different populations, including healthy subjects (normal group), patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with emphysema as their primary phenotype (COPD1 group), and patients with COPD with bronchitis as their primary phenotype (COPD2 group).ResultsRegarding the tidal volume curves of the three groups under various conditions, sixfold charts revealed that the tidal volume changed with the end‐expiratory pressure fluctuations. In addition, regression coefficients for end‐expiratory pressure fluctuations, (IPAP–EPAP) and (IPAP–EEPAP) exhibited a significant contribution to the tidal volume. The two coefficients in the normal, COPD1 and COPD2 groups were 52.294 and 10.414, 46.192 and −8.816, and 11.922 and 17.947, respectively. The circuit simulation results showed that the simulation curve fitted the experimental curve better by changing the coefficient of the descending edge of the expiratory phase.ConclusionsThe study results suggest that the end‐expiratory pressure fluctuation affects the body tidal volume. Compared with the bilevel positive airway pressure (PAP), the trilevel PAP provides additional respiratory support to the body during a respiratory difference in initial respiration and descent.
Papillary fibroelastoma of the right atrial appendage: Is it that rare?
Authors: Pilato Giuseppe , Argirò Alessia , Barletta Giuseppe , Del Bene Maria Riccarda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPapillary fibroelastoma (PF) of the right atrium accounts for 2% of nonvalvular cases, and right appendage (RAA) PF was described only once in literature. We present three cases of RAA PF in patients with unrelated symptoms undergoing 3‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic examination (3D‐TEE) scheduled for conventional indications. Key to diagnosis in routine practice resides in systematic examination of the right atrium and RAA in live 3D‐TEE imaging with backward and forward navigation of the real‐time pyramidal data. A review of literature is provided. Our experience demonstrates that systematic imaging of all cardiac structures with 3D‐TEE allows refining PF nosology.
Play, but not observing play, engages rat medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Concha‐Miranda Miguel , Hartmann Konstantin , Reinhold Annika , Brecht Michael , Sanguinetti-Scheck Juan I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRats have elaborate cognitive capacities for playing Hide & Seek. Playing Hide & Seek strongly engages medial prefrontal cortex and the activity of prefrontal cortex neurons reflects the structure of the game. We wondered if prefrontal neurons would also show a mirroring of play‐related neural activity. Specifically, we asked how does the activity in the rat medial prefrontal cortex differ when the animal plays itself versus when it observes others playing. Consistent with our previous work, when the animal plays itself we observed medial prefrontal cortex activity that was sharply locked to game events. Observing play, however, did not lead to a comparable activation of rat medial prefrontal cortex. Firing rates during observing play were lower than during real play. The modulation of responses in medial prefrontal cortex by game events was strong during playing Hide & Seek, but weak during observing Hide & Seek. We conclude the rat prefrontal cortex does not mirror play events under our experimental conditions.
The response of soil respiration to precipitation change is asymmetric and differs between grasslands and forests
Authors: Du Yue , Wang Ying‐Ping , Su Fanglong , Jiang Jun , Wang Chen , Yu Mengxiao , Yan Junhua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntensification of the Earth's hydrological cycle amplifies the interannual variability of precipitation, which will significantly impact the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle. However, it is still unknown whether previously observed relationship between soil respiration (Rs) and precipitation remains applicable under extreme precipitation change. By analyzing the observations from a much larger dataset of field experiments (248 published papers including 151 grassland studies and 97 forest studies) across a wider range of precipitation manipulation than previous studies, we found that the relationship of Rs response with precipitation change was highly nonlinear or asymmetric, and differed significantly between grasslands and forests, between moderate and extreme precipitation changes. Response of Rs to precipitation change was negatively asymmetric (concave‐down) in grasslands, and double‐asymmetric in forests with a positive asymmetry (concave‐up) under moderate precipitation changes and a negative asymmetry (concave‐down) under extreme precipitation changes. In grasslands, the negative asymmetry in Rs response was attributed to the higher sensitivities of soil moisture, microbial and root activities to decreased precipitation (DPPT) than to increased precipitation (IPPT). In forests, the positive asymmetry was predominantly driven by the significant increase in microbial respiration under moderate IPPT, while the negative asymmetry was caused by the reductions in root biomass and respiration under extreme DPPT. The different asymmetric responses of Rs between grasslands and forests will greatly improve our ability to forecast the C cycle consequences of increased precipitation variability. Specifically, the negative asymmetry of Rs response under extreme precipitation change suggests that the soil C efflux will decrease across grasslands and forests under future precipitation regime with more wet and dry extremes.
Analysis of the impact of school performance on income inequality in the long run: An application to Chilean municipalities
Authors: Leiva Yeycol , Pino Gabriel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHigh income inequality has become a barrier to economic development for emerging economies. Education is commonly seen as a way to decrease income inequality; however, the empirical evidence is not convincing. By focusing on school performance, we take advantage of spatial econometrics to estimate a long‐run relationship showing that income inequality can be reduced by increases in school performance. In particular, our results show that increases in school performance at early stages of educational levels and using mathematics as the subject goal can decrease income inequality in the long run. We use the case of Chile, which presents high income inequality and low school performance compared to similar nations.