bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ambivalences of Citizenship: Syrians with Refugee Status Responding to Ambivalences of Citizenship in Denmark
Authors: Shaheen Buthaina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Upon the arrival of unprecedented number of Syrian refugees to Denmark in 2015, the government exerted its full power in order to put a stop to this flow. It signed the EU-Turkey agreement, imposed border control and enacted numerous restrictions on the Alien Act sending a blatant message: Do not come to Denmark, we need to cope up with the numbers we have received, while, at the same time, the government has demanded its new residents—refugees and migrants—to live up to its ultimate requirements where they should demonstrate and act as full citizens, while they are denizens. This article investigates Syrian refugees’ responses to this ambivalence: act as a citizen while you are not a citizen! It employs theoretical notions of citizenship such as Per Mouritsen’s approach to citizenship by stressing the integration of its three components: equality, membership and participation supplemented by supporting theoretical concepts such as racialized citizenship and cultural citizenship.
Problematizing Parenting: The Regulation of Parenting Practices within Reception Centres for Syrian Refugees in Ireland
Authors: Ní Raghallaigh Muireann , Smith Karen , Scholtz Jennifer 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article examines the problematization and regulation of parenting practices within reception centres accommodating Syrian asylum-seeking and refugee parents who had recently arrived in the Republic of Ireland through relocation and resettlement schemes. Based on qualitative research, the article demonstrates how reception-centre staff often assumed a regulatory role over parenting in a number of different ways: by informing and warning; watching and regulating; taking on parental roles; and referring. The findings suggest that parents are subject to intrusive observations and interventions within reception centres. This happens in a context where refugee families are living in institutional-type ‘collective’ accommodation staffed by personnel who generally lack the requisite qualifications and competencies to undertake the complex roles involved. An undue burden is placed on personnel to respond to situations for which they do not have the necessary skills, resulting in negative consequences for parents and children. Ultimately, this article points to the structural causes of these issues, namely the unsuitability of institutional-type accommodation for family life.
Drug interactions with antimalarial medications in older travelers: a clinical guide
Authors: Lewis Jelena , Gregorian Tania , Portillo Ivan , Goad Jeff 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIncreasingly older adults are traveling to international destinations with malaria as a present risk. Surveillance systems indicate that older adults are more likely to suffer severe complications from malaria. The role of health care providers in selecting an appropriate medication for chemoprophylaxis or treatment of malaria in adults becomes more difficult as older adults undergo physiologic changes that alter the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic nature of medications potentially causing increased drug interactions, adverse events and altered drug action. A comprehensive literature search from 1970 to present, with a focus on the past 10 years, was conducted on drug interactions, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects on antimalarials in adults. It was determined that due to pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic changes in older adults, especially renal and cardiovascular, special attention should be given to this population of travelers in order to minimize the likelihood of adverse events or altered drug efficacy. Antimalarial drug–disease interactions in older adults can occur more often due to QT prolongation, exacerbation of hypoglycemia, decreased renal elimination and decreased hepatic metabolism. Older antimalarials have well-documented drug–drug interactions. Tafenoquine, a new antimalarial, requires glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase screening like primaquine and monitoring of new potential drug interaction with MATE1 and OCT2 substrates. While drug–drug interactions in older travelers may occur more often as a result of polypharmacy, data did not indicate adverse reactions or decreased drug efficacy is greater compared with younger adults. Overall, with the exception of recently approved tafenoquine, much is known about antimalarial drug and disease interactions, but new drugs are always being approved, requiring travel health providers to understand the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimalarial drugs to predict the impact on safety and efficacy in travelers. This guide provides travel health providers with valuable insights on potential outcomes associated with drug interactions in adults and recommended monitoring or drug regimen modification.
Differences in the intrinsic spatial dynamics of the chromatin contribute to cell differentiation
Authors: Zhang She , Chen Fangyuan , Bahar Ivet 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Advances in chromosome conformation capture techniques as well as computational characterization of genomic loci structural dynamics open new opportunities for exploring the mechanistic aspects of genome-scale differences across different cell types. We examined here the dynamic basis of variabilities between different cell types by investigating their chromatin mobility profiles inferred from Hi-C data using an elastic network model representation of the chromatin. Our comparative analysis of sixteen cell lines reveals close similarities between chromosomal dynamics across different cell lines on a global scale, but notable cell-specific variations emerge in the detailed spatial mobilities of genomic loci. Closer examination reveals that the differences in spatial dynamics mainly originate from the difference in the frequencies of their intrinsically accessible modes of motion. Thus, even though the chromosomes of different types of cells have access to similar modes of collective movements, not all modes are deployed by all cells, such that the effective mobilities and cross-correlations of genomic loci are cell-type-specific. Comparison with RNA-seq expression data reveals a strong overlap between highly expressed genes and those distinguished by high mobilities in the present study, in support of the role of the intrinsic spatial dynamics of chromatin as a determinant of cell differentiation.
ATIM-49 (LTBK-01). AMG 596, A NOVEL ANTI-EGFRVIII BISPECIFIC T CELL ENGAGER (BITE®) MOLECULE FOR THE TREATMENT OF GLIOBLASTOMA (GBM): PLANNED INTERIM ANALYSIS IN RECURRENT GBM (RGBM)
Authors: Rosenthal Mark A , Balana Carmen , van Linde Myra E , Sayehli Cyrus , Fiedler Walter M , Wermke Martin , Massard Christophe , Mellinghoff Ingo K , Khasraw Mustafa , Ang Agnes , Rasmussen Erik , Kast Johannes , Stienen Sabine , Cloughesy Timothy F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The class III variant of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII) represents the most common EGFR mutation in GBM. AMG 596 is a bispecific T cell engager (BiTE®) molecule designed to engage a patient’s own CD3-positive T cells to EGFRvIII-positive tumor antigens. This is the first clinical data readout for AMG 596.

METHODS
This phase 1, first-in-human, open-label, sequential dose-escalation/expansion study evaluates continuous intravenous AMG 596 in patients with EGFRvIII-positive GBM or malignant glioma in recurrent (Group 1) or newly diagnosed in maintenance treatment (Group 2) settings. Eligible patients: adults with EGFRvIII-positive GBM or malignant glioma; ≤2 mg/day dexamethasone, ECOG performance status ≤1; life expectancy ≥3 months; and acceptable renal, hematological, and hepatic function. The primary objective evaluates safety and tolerability. Additional assessments include objective response rate per modified Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) Criteria.

RESULTS
As of June 2019, 15 rGBM patients (Group 1) were enrolled; 14 patients received ≥1 dose AMG 596. 14/15 (93.3%) patients were evaluable at time of analysis (safety analysis set). Median age was 54.5 years (range, 44–68); 50% were male. Seven patients discontinued for progressive disease (PD). AEs occurred in all patients and were serious in 7/14 (50%). None resulted in discontinuation; two (14.3%) fatal AEs were related to PD. Headache and depressed consciousness (both n=2, 14.3%) were the most common grade ≥3 treatment emergent AEs. In patients with sufficient follow-up to assess response (n=8), 1 (12.5%) achieved partial response, 2 (25%) had stable disease, 4 (50%) had PD at initial scan, and 1 (12.5%) discontinued treatment for PD. Semi-quantitative EGFRvIII expression analysis revealed a median H-score of 115 (range, 8–280).

CONCLUSION
This interim analysis suggests a first indication that AMG 596 may be well-tolerated and offer anti-tumor activity in patients with rGBM. Enrollment is ongoing and additional data will be presented. NCT03296696.
Expectations Management and Stock Returns
Authors: Johnson Travis L , Kim Jinhwan , So Eric C 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe establish a link between firms managing investors’ performance expectations, earnings announcement premiums, and cyclical patterns (i.e., seasonalities) in returns. Firms that are more likely to manage expectations toward beatable levels predictably earn lower returns before, and higher returns during, their earnings announcements. This pattern repeats across firms’ fiscal quarters, suggesting firms manufacture positive “surprises” by negatively biasing investors’ expectations ahead of announcing earnings. We corroborate these findings using non-price-based outcomes indicative of expectations management. Together, our findings are consistent with the pressure for firms to meet earnings targets shaping the cross-section of firms’ stock returns.
A multicentre study of 244 pregnancies in undifferentiated connective tissue disease: maternal/fetal outcomes and disease evolution
Authors: Radin Massimo , Schreiber Karen , Cecchi Irene , Bortoluzzi Alessandra , Crisafulli Francesca , de Freitas Cristiano M , Bacco Beatrice , Rubini Elena , Foddai Silvia G , Padovan Melissa , Gallo Cassarino Silvia , Franceschini Franco , Andrade Danieli , Benedetto Chiara , Govoni Marcello , Bertero Tiziana , Marozio Luca , Roccatello Dario , Andreoli Laura , Sciascia Savino 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate fetal/perinatal and maternal outcomes from a large multicentre cohort of women diagnosed with UCTD.

Methods
This multicentre retrospective cohort study describes the outcomes of 224 pregnancies in 133 consecutive women with a diagnosis of UCTD, positive for ANA and aged &lt;45 years old at study inclusion.

Results
Of the 224 pregnancies analysed, 177 (79%) resulted in live births, 45 (20.1%) in miscarriages (defined as pregnancy loss before 12 weeks’ gestation), 2 (0.9%) in stillbirths (pregnancy loss after 20 weeks’ gestation) and 6 (2.7%) cases showed intrauterine growth restriction. Miscarriages and stillbirths were strongly associated with the presence of aPL and ENA antibodies (P &lt; 0.05). Maternal pregnancy complications were as follows: 5 (2.2%) cases developed pre-eclampsia, 11 (4.9%) cases gestational hypertension and 12 (5.4%) cases gestational diabetes. Joint involvement represented the most frequent clinical manifestation of the cohort (57.9%), followed by RP (40.6%), photosensitivity (32.3%) and haematological manifestations (27.1%). The rate of disease evolution of our cohort from a diagnosis of UCTD to a diagnosis of definite CTD was 12% within a mean time of 5.3 ± 2.8 years. With a total follow-up after first pregnancy of 1417 patient-years, we observed the evolution to a defined CTD in one out of every 88 patient- years.

Conclusion
In our multicentre cohort, women with UCTD had a live birth rate of 79%. Women with UCTD should be referred to specialist follow-up when planning a pregnancy. ENA profiling and aPL testing should be mandatory in this setting, and further therapeutic approaches and management should be planned accordingly.
Species delimitation, classical taxonomy and genome skimming: a review of the ground beetle genusLionepha(Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: Maddison David R , Sproul John S 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe western North American genus Lionepha is shown to contain at least 11 species through a combination of eight-gene species delimitation analyses and morphological study. In order to confirm the names of several species, we sequence DNA of primary types of several names, including a LeConte lectotype collected in the 1850s, using next-generation sequencing. We examine chromosomes of eight species, and show that all have 12 pairs of autosomes and an X0/XX sex-chromosome system. The following species are described as new: Lionepha australerasa, L. kavanaughi, L. lindrothi and L. tuulukwa. The name Lionepha erasa is shown to belong to a relatively rare, western species ranging from Oregon through Alaska; the common, widespread species previously known as Lionepha erasa now takes the name L. probata. Bembidion chintimini, B. lindrothellus and B. lummi are synonymized with L. erasa. We provide tools to identify specimens to species, including illustrations, diagnoses and distribution maps.
Autoinhibition can identify rare driver mutations and advise pharmacology
Authors: Nussinov Ruth , Tsai Chung‐Jung , Jang Hyunbum 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIdentification of protein mutations that drive cancer is a major challenge. A primary reason is that driver mutations are principally identified by their high frequency even though they can also be rare. Driver mutations can locate at functional (binding or active) sites. We dub these orthosteric drivers. However, often they are allosteric drivers. Identification is particularly formidable for rare allosteric drivers. Autoinhibition, where a segment of the protein covers its functional site, is a common allosteric regulation mechanism. A modest shift in the equilibrium can switch the system from the autoinhibited to the active state. This can suggest why (i) mutations are likely to evolve to target it; (ii) inhibitors can straightforwardly relieve the autoinhibition but not vice versa; and why (iii) mutations that relieve the autoinhibition are likely to be drivers—even if they are rare. We explain in simple terms the linkage between allosteric driver mutations, release of autoinhibition, free energy landscapes, and targeted pharmacology in precision medicine. We review the literature and propose new concepts in identification of rare drivers in this framework.
Palmitoylethanolamide counteracts hepatic metabolic inflexibility modulating mitochondrial function and efficiency in diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Annunziata Chiara , Lama Adriano , Pirozzi Claudio , Cavaliere Gina , Trinchese Giovanna , Di Guida Francesca , Nitrato Izzo Allegra , Cimmino Fabiano , Paciello Orlando , De Biase Davide , Murru Elisabetta , Banni Sebastiano , Calignano Antonio , Mollica Maria Pina , Mattace Raso Giuseppina , Meli Rosaria 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐α activation controls hepatic lipid homeostasis, stimulating fatty acid oxidation, and adapting the metabolic response to lipid overload and storage. Here, we investigate the effect of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous PPAR‐α ligand, in counteracting hepatic metabolic inflexibility and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by high‐fat diet (HFD) in mice. Long‐term PEA administration (30 mg/kg/die per os) in HFD mice limited hepatic lipid accumulation, increased energy expenditure, and markedly reduced insulin resistance. In isolated liver mitochondria, we have demonstrated PEA capability to modulate mitochondrial oxidative capacity and energy efficiency, leading to the reduction of intracellular lipid accumulation and oxidative stress. Moreover, we have evaluated the effect of PEA on mitochondrial bioenergetics of palmitate‐challenged HepG2 cells, using Seahorse analyzer. In vitro data showed that PEA recovered mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced lipid accumulation in insulin‐resistant HepG2 cells, increasing fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistic studies showed that PEA effect on lipid metabolism was limited by AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibition, providing evidence for a pivotal role of AMPK in PEA‐induced adaptive metabolic setting. All these findings identify PEA as a modulator of hepatic lipid and glucose homeostasis, limiting metabolic inflexibility induced by nutrient overload.
Macro-parasite transmission in dynamic seasonal environment: Basic Reproductive Number, endemicity, and control
Authors: Huang Q. , Gurarie D. , Ndeffo-Mbah M. , Li E. , King CH. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSeasonality of transmission environment, which includes snail populations and habitats, or human-snail contact patterns, can affect the dynamics of schistosomiasis infection, and control outcomes. Conventional modeling approaches often ignore or oversimplify it by applying ‘seasonal mean’ formulation. Mathematically, such ‘averaging’ is justified when model outputs/quantities of interest depend linearly on input variables. That is not generally the case for macroparasite transmission models, where model outputs are nonlinear functions of seasonality fashion.Another commonly used approach for Schistosomiasis modeling is a reduction of coupled human-snail system to a single ‘human equation’, via quasi-stationary snail (intermediate host) dynamics. The basic questions arising from these approaches are whether such ‘seasonal averaging’ and ‘intermediate host reduction’ are suitable for highly variable/seasonal environments, and what implications these methods have on models’ predictive potential of control interventions.Here we address these questions by using a combination of mathematical analysis and numerical simulation of two commonly used models for macroparasite transmission, MacDonald (MWB), and stratified worm burden (SWB) snail-human systems. We showed that predictions from ‘seasonal averaging’ models can depart significantly from those of quasi-stationary models. Typically, seasonality would lower endemicity and sustained infection, vs. stationary system with comparable transmission inputs. Furthermore, discrepancies between the two models (‘seasonal’ and its ‘stationary mean’) increase with amplitude (or variance) of seasonality. So sufficiently high variability can render infection unsustainable. Similar discrepancies were observed between coupled and reduced ‘single host’ models, with reduced model overpredicting sustained endemicity. Seasonal variability of transmission raises the question of optimal control timing. Using dynamic simulation, we show that optimal timing of repeated MDA is about half season past the snail peak, where snail population attains its minimal value. Compared to sub-optimal timing, such strategy can reduce human worm burden by factor 2 after 5-6 rounds of MDA. We also extended our models for dynamic snail populations, which allowed us to study the effect of repeated molluscicide, or combined strategy (MDA + molluscicide). The optimal time for molluscicide alone is the end or the start of season, and combined strategy can give additional reduction, and in some cases lead to elimination.Overall, reduced sustainability in seasonal environment makes it more amenable to control interventions, compared to stationary environment.
No Association between HPV Vaccination and Infertility in U.S. Females 18-33 Years Old
Authors: Mooney Katherine E. , Schmuhl Nicholas B. , Zhang Xiao , Cooney Laura G. , Conway James H. , LoConte Noelle K. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been recommended as primary prevention of HPV-related cancers for over 10 years in the United States, and evidence reveals decreased incidence of HPV infections following vaccination. However, concerns have been raised that HPV vaccines could decrease fertility. This study examined the relationship between HPV immunization and self-reported infertility in a nationally representative sample.MethodsData from the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed to asses likelihood of self-reported infertility among women aged 20 to 33, who were young enough to have been offered HPV vaccines and old enough to have been queried about infertility (n=1,114). Two logistic regression models, stratified by marital history, examined potential associations between HPV vaccination and infertility. Model 1 assessed the likelihood of infertility among women who had never been pregnant or whose pregnancies occurred prior to HPV vaccination. Model 2 accounted for the possibility of latent and/or non-permanent post-vaccine infertility by including all women 20-33 years old.Results8.1% reported any infertility. Women who had ever been married and had received an HPV vaccine were less likely to report infertility (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01-0.57) in model 1. No other associations between HPV and infertility were found.ConclusionThere was no evidence of increased infertility among women who received the HPV vaccine. These results provide further evidence of HPV vaccine safety and should give providers confidence in recommending HPV vaccination. Further research should explore protective effects of HPV vaccines on female and male fertility.What is already known on this subject?Despite evidence that HPV vaccines are safe and effective, concerns persist regarding a purported link between HPV vaccination and infertility. These concerns were refuted by a recent population-based cohort study that found no association between the HPV vaccine and primary ovarian insufficiency.What this study adds?This study broadens the existing evidence by exploring possible associations between HPV vaccination and any self-reported infertility. There was no evidence of infertility among women 20-33 years old who received one or more doses of HPV vaccine. This result provides further evidence of HPV vaccine safety, diminishing remaining concerns among clinicians and the public.