bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient perturbation of the left temporal cortex evokes plasticity‐related reconfiguration of the lexical network
Authors: Klaus Jana , Schutter Dennis J. L. G. , Piai Vitória 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhile much progress has been made in how brain organization supports language function, the language network's ability to adapt to immediate disturbances by means of reorganization remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine acute reorganizational changes in brain activity related to conceptual and lexical retrieval in unimpaired language production following transient disruption of the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG). In a randomized single‐blind within‐subject experiment, we recorded the electroencephalogram from 16 healthy participants during a context‐driven picture‐naming task. Prior to the task, the left MTG was perturbed with real continuous theta‐burst stimulation (cTBS) or sham stimulation. During the task, participants read lead‐in sentences creating a constraining (e.g., “The farmer milks the”) or nonconstraining context (e.g., “The farmer buys the”). The last word was shown as a picture that participants had to name (e.g., “cow”). Replicating behavioral studies, participants were overall faster in naming pictures following a constraining relative to a nonconstraining context, but this effect did not differ between real and sham cTBS. In contrast, real cTBS increased overall error rates compared to sham cTBS. In line with previous studies, we observed a decrease in alpha‐beta (8–24 Hz) oscillatory power for constraining relative to nonconstraining contexts over left temporal–parietal cortex after participants received sham cTBS. However, following real cTBS, this decrease extended toward left prefrontal regions associated with both domain‐general and domain‐specific control mechanisms. Our findings provide evidence that immediately after perturbing the left MTG, the lexical‐semantic network is able to quickly reconfigure, also recruiting domain‐general regions.
Medicaid Policy and Liver Transplant for Alcohol‐Associated Liver Disease
Authors: Lee Brian P. , Vittinghoff Eric , Pletcher Mark J. , Dodge Jennifer L. , Terrault Norah A. 
Published: November 2019

Background and Aims
In some states, liver transplantation (LT) for alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) is covered by Medicaid only with documentation of abstinence and/or alcohol rehabilitation. Different Medicaid policies may affect the distribution of LT for ALD, particularly post‐2011, as centers have adopted early (i.e., specific abstinence period not required) LT practices.

Approach and Results
We surveyed Medicaid policies in all states actively performing LT and linked state policies to prospectively collected national registry data on LT recipients from 2002 to 2017 with ALD as the primary listing diagnosis. We categorized Medicaid policies for states as “restrictive” (requiring documentation of a specific abstinence period and/or rehabilitation) versus “unrestrictive” (deferring to center eligibility policies). Difference‐of‐differences analysis, comparing 2002‐2011 versus 2012‐2017, evaluated whether restrictive policies were associated with decreased proportion of LTs paid by Medicaid among patients with ALD post‐2011. We performed sensitivity analyses to account for any differences by diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis C virus, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or Medicare insurance. We also performed a sensitivity analysis to account for any difference by prevalence of ALD among restrictive versus unrestrictive states. Of 10,836 LT recipients in 2002‐2017, 7,091 were from 24 states in the restrictive group and 3,745 from 14 states in the unrestrictive group. The adjusted proportion (95% confidence interval) of LTs paid by Medicaid among restrictive versus unrestrictive states between 2002 and 2011 was 17.6% (15.4%‐19.8%) versus 18.9% (15.4%‐22.3%) (P = 0.54) and between 2012 and 2017, 17.2% (14.7%‐19.7%) versus 23.2% (19.8%‐26.6%) (P = 0.005). In difference‐of‐differences analysis, restrictive (versus unrestrictive) policies were associated with a 4.7% (0.8%‐8.6%) (P = 0.02) absolute lower adjusted proportion of LTs for ALD paid by Medicaid post‐2011.

Conclusions
Restrictive Medicaid policies are present in most states with active LT centers and are associated with lower proportions of LTs for ALD paid by Medicaid post‐2011 compared to states with unrestrictive Medicaid policies. Reevaluation of Medicaid alcohol use policies may be warranted, to align more closely with contemporary center‐level practices.
Land cover effects on soil infiltration capacity measured using plot scale rainfall simulation in steep tropical lowlands of Central Panama
Authors: Litt Guy F. , Ogden Fred L. , Mojica Alexis , Hendrickx Jan M. H. , Kempema Edward W. , Gardner Christopher B. , Bretfeld Mario , Regina Jason A. , Harrison J. Bruce J. , Cheng Yanyan , Lyons W. Berry 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding land use/land cover (LULC) effects on tropical soil infiltration is crucial for maximizing watershed scale hydro‐ecosystem services and informing land managers. This paper reports results from a multiyear investigation of LULC effects on soil bulk infiltration in steep, humid tropical, and lowland catchments. A rainfall simulator applied water at measured rates on 2 × 6 m plots producing infiltration through structured, granulated, and macroporous Ferralsols in Panama's central lowlands. Time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) helped to visualize infiltration depth and bulk velocity. A space‐for‐time substitution methodology allowed a land‐use history investigation by considering the following: (a) a continuously heavy‐grazed cattle pasture, (b) a rotationally grazed traditional cattle pasture, (c) a 4‐year‐old (y.o.) silvopastoral system with nonnative improved pasture grasses and managed intensive rotational grazing, (d) a 7 y.o. teak (Tectona grandis) plantation, (e) an approximately 10 y.o. secondary succession forest, (f) a 12 y.o. coffee plantation (Coffea canephora), (g) an approximately 30 y.o. secondary succession forest, and (h) a >100 y.o. secondary succession forest. Within a land cover, unique plot sites totalled two at (a), (c), (d), (e), and (g); three at (b); and one at (f) and (h). Our observations confirmed measured infiltration scale dependency by comparing our 12 m2 plot‐scale measurements against 8.9 cm diameter core‐scale measurements collected by others from nearby sites. Preferential flow pathways (PFPs) significantly increased soil infiltration capacity, particularly in forests greater than or equal to 10 y.o. Time‐lapse ERT observations revealed shallower rapid bulk infiltration and increased rapid lateral subsurface flow in pasture land covers when compared with forest land covers and highlighted how much subsurface flow pathways can vary within the Ferralsol soil class. Results suggest that LULC effects on PFPs are the dominant mechanism by which LULC affects throughfall partitioning, runoff generation, and flow pathways.
Therapeutic plasma exchange for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A multicenter retrospective study by the ASFA neurologic diseases subcommittee
Authors: Ipe Tina S. , Raval Jay S. , Fernando Leonor P. , Gokhale Amit , Jacquot Cyril , Johnson Andrew D. , Kim Haewon C. , Monis Grace F. , Mo Yunchun D. , Morgan Shanna M. , Pagano Monica B. , Pham Huy P. , Sanford Kimberly , Schmidt Amy E. , Schwartz Joseph , Waldman Amy , Webb Jennifer , Winters Jeffrey L. , Wu Yanyun , Yamada Chisa , Wong Edward C. C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractImportanceNeuromyelitis optica/neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients' response to therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is currently incompletely characterized.ObjectiveOur study aims to understand the clinical status improvement of neuromyelitis optica/neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients treated with TPE.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis is a multicenter retrospective study conducted between 1 January 2003 and 31 July 2017 at 13 US hospitals performing apheresis procedures. Subjects studied were diagnosed with neuromyelitis optica/neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder who received TPE during presentation with acute disease.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was clinical status improvement in patients treated with TPE. Secondary measures were procedural and patient characteristics associated with response to treatment.ResultsWe evaluated 114 patients from 13 institutions. There was a female predilection. The largest ethnic group affected was non‐Hispanic Caucasian. The average age of diagnosis was 43.1 years. The average time to diagnosis was 3.1 years. On average, five procedures were performed during each treatment series. The most commonly performed plasma volume exchange was 1.0 to 1.25 using 5% albumin as replacement fluid. Most patients (52%) did not require an additional course of TPE and noted “mild” to “moderate” clinical status improvement. Maximal symptom improvement appeared by the fourth or fifth TPE treatment.Conclusion and RelevanceTPE improved the clinical status of patients. Adults responded more favorably than children. Procedural characteristics, including number of TPEs, plasma volume exchanged, and replacement fluid used, were similar between institutions. TPE was well‐tolerated and had a low severe adverse event profile.
Infinite families of 3‐designs from APN functions
Authors: Tang Chunming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCombinatorial ‐designs have nice applications in coding theory, finite geometries, and several engineering areas. A classical method for constructing ‐designs is by the action of a permutation group that is ‐transitive or ‐homogeneous on a point set. This approach produces ‐designs, but may not yield ‐designs. The objective of this paper is to study how to obtain 3‐designs with 2‐transitive permutation groups. The incidence structure formed by the orbits of a base block under the action of the general affine groups, which are 2‐transitive, is considered. A characterization of such incidence structure to be a 3‐design is presented, and a sufficient condition for the stabilizer of a base block to be trivial is given. With these general results, infinite families of 3‐designs are constructed by employing almost perfect nonlinear functions. Some 3‐designs presented in this paper give rise to self‐dual binary codes or linear codes with optimal or best parameters known. Several conjectures on 3‐designs and binary codes are also presented.
The Influence of Arbitrary Breakpoints on Judgments of Maximum Output
Authors: Palmeira Mauricio , Andrade Eduardo , Sharifi Shahin , Mao Wen , Jacob Jorge 
Published: November 2019

Consumers often wonder about the product's maximum output: the highest rotation speed of a blender or the best printing quality of a printer. We examine how the number of levels (e.g., a blender with 3 vs. 7 speeds) influences judgments of maximum product output. Objectively speaking, the number of levels is no more than a set of breakpoints in an already predetermined continuum from the product's minimum to maximum output. Nevertheless, because of the ubiquitous association between number of breakpoints and quantity in daily life, consumers do not simply view more levels as a signal of greater precision (i.e., giving consumers more control over the possible outputs). They also incorrectly believe that the product has greater power (i.e., a higher maximum output), even when such an inference is in conflict with diagnostic attribute information (e.g., watts). A series of five studies documents the phenomenon, its asymmetric nature, and its boundary conditions. Reliance on the inaccurate “more levels, more power” lay theory weakens when participants consider a reduction rather than an increase in number of levels, and it disappears when the consumer is presented with an explicit relationship between each level and its corresponding output value (e.g., level 4:400 W).
Influences of synoptic situation and teleconnections on fog‐water collection in the Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula, 2003–2012
Authors: Corell David , Estrela Maria J. , Valiente Jose A. , Azorin‐Molina Cesar , Chen Deliang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFog‐water collection has been widely analysed for its quantification and potential uses; however, there are few studies assessing the synoptic conditions and large‐scale teleconnection patterns that affect its occurrence. Focusing on the Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula, this work aims to analyse the synoptic patterns, both at surface level and 850 hPa geopotential height, that most likely to favour fog‐water collection, and to quantify the relationship between fog‐water collection and the NAOi (North Atlantic Oscillation index), MOi (Mediterranean Oscillation index) as well as WeMOi (Western Mediterranean Oscillation index) teleconnection patterns. For this purpose, daily fog‐water observations from a dense network of 23 fog‐water collectors located along the Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula for 2003–2012 were analysed in relation to synoptic patterns and the three‐teleconnection indices. The major findings are: (a) The most favourable synoptic patterns for fog‐water collection are maritime advections carrying humidity from the Mediterranean basin, and cyclonic circulations, whereas anti‐cyclonic situations generally led to large number of foggy days with low fog‐collection rates. (b) In terms of winds at 850 hPa, the most favourable low‐level flows for fog‐water collection are associated with strong winds (>5.1 m s−1) from the Mediterranean. Atlantic winds generally cause a greater number of fog days than Mediterranean winds, with less fog‐water collection rates. (c) WeMOi has the greatest influence on fog‐water collection, mainly during winter and spring months, with statistically significant negative relationships for most of the stations. MOi also shows a great influence, with a large number of statistically significant negative correlations, mainly during the same months as WeMOi. Lastly, NAOi presented the lowest and no significant negative correlations with fog‐water collection.
Comprehensive Frailty Severity Index for End‐Stage Liver Disease Predicts Early Outcomes After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Raveh Yehuda , Livingstone Joshua , Mahan Jared , Tekin Akin , Selvaggi Gennaro , Bowdon‐Romero Molly , Nicolau‐Raducu Ramona 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundFrailty is rampant in candidates of liver transplantation (LT); however, its impact on posttransplant survival is inconclusive. Most studies have used a single measure of frailty; however, a comprehensive frailty severity index (FSI) has not been developed. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate frailty utilizing several metrics, (2) develop an FSI for end‐stage liver disease (ESLD), and (3) determine its predictive abilities for outcomes after LT.MethodsFrailty metrics included (1) modified nutrition assessment of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition that includes height‐adjusted third lumbar vertebra psoas mass index, (2) physical performance assessment combining Karnofsky Performance Status and pressure injury scale, and (3) Controlling Nutritional Status as a measure of severity of liver disease and inflammation.ResultsModerate to severe frailty was reported in 52%–97% of recipients depending on the metric. A statistically significant threshold FSI value was identified for each adverse outcome studied. FSI ≥ 14 was associated with decreased survival (88% vs 97% for FSI < 14).ConclusionsThe proposed FSI for ESLD is predictive of poorer outcomes after LT.
Full axillary lymph node dissection and increased breast epidermal thickness 1 year after radiation therapy for breast cancer
Authors: Lin Jolinta Y. , Yang Xiaofeng , Serra Monica , Miller Andrew H. , Godette Karen D. , Kahn Shannon T. , Henry Simone , Brown Gabrielle , Liu Tian , Torres Mylin A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe previously reported a prospective study showing axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is associated with increased breast skin thickening during and 6 weeks post‐radiation therapy (RT), and now report ALND's long‐term impact at 1 year.MethodsAmong 66 women who received whole breast RT after lumpectomy, objective ultrasound measurements of epidermal thickness over four quadrants of the treated breast were measured at five time points: before RT, week 6 of RT, and 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year post‐RT. Skin thickness ratio (STRA) was generated by normalizing for corresponding measurements of the contralateral breast.ResultsA total of 2,436 ultrasound images were obtained. Among 63 women with evaluable data at 1 year, mean STRA significantly increased at 6 months (absolute mean increase of 65%, SD 0.054), and remained elevated at 1 year post‐RT (absolute mean increase of 44%, SD 0.048). In multivariable analysis, ALND compared to sentinel lymph node biopsy, longer interval between surgery and RT, increased baseline STRA, and Caucasian race predicted for more severe changes in STRA at 1 year compared to baseline (all P < .05).ConclusionsIn the setting of whole breast RT, our findings suggest that ALND has long‐term repercussions on breast skin thickening.
Efficacy of Ultrasound and Shear Wave Elastography for the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema
Authors: Polat Ahmet Veysel , Ozturk Mesut , Polat Ayfer Kamali , Karabacak Ufuk , Bekci Tumay , Murat Naci 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of ultrasound and shear wave elastography (SWE) in the diagnosis of breast cancer–related lymphedema.MethodsForty‐one patients with a history of unilateral breast surgery and axillary dissection or sentinel lymph node excision were included in this prospective study. The patients were classified as having normal findings, latent lymphedema, and clinical lymphedema on the basis of a physical examination, lymphedema index scores, and limb circumference measurements. The thickness and stiffness of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue of the forearm and arm were measured by ultrasound and SWE. The thickness and stiffness of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue of the affected limb and contralateral limbs of the normal, latent lymphedema, and clinical lymphedema groups were compared.ResultsThe mean age ± SD of the 41 patients was 55.42 ± 10.12 years. There were 15 patients with normal findings, 10 with latent lymphedema, and 16 with clinical lymphedema. In the latent lymphedema group, the thickness measurements of the cutaneous tissue of the affected forearm and the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue of the affected arm were significantly greater than those of the contralateral forearm and arm (P = .034; P = .022; and P = .002, respectively), and the stiffness measurements of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue of the affected forearm were significantly greater than those of the contralateral forearm (P = .011; and P = .002). In the clinical lymphedema group, the thickness and stiffness measurements of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue of the affected forearm and arm were significantly greater than those of the contralateral limb (P < .001–P = .032).ConclusionsUltrasound and SWE are effective for diagnosing breast cancer–related lymphedema even at a latent stage.
Superb Microvascular Imaging in the Evaluation of Pediatric Graves Disease and Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Authors: Bayramoglu Zuhal , Kandemirli Sedat Giray , Akyol Sarı Zeynep Nur , Kardelen Aslı Derya , Poyrazoglu Sukran , Bas Firdevs , Darendeliler Feyza , Adaletli Ibrahim 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the differences between spectral Doppler and Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI; Canon Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) findings in children with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and Graves disease (GD) compared to healthy control participants.MethodsThe study included 34 patients with GD, 37 patients with HT, and 22 healthy volunteers. All patients with HT and 11 patients with GD were euthyroid; 23 patients with GD had symptoms of hyperthyroidism and had thyrotropin values of less than 0.5 mIU/L. Thyroid volumes, mean resistive indices, and peak systolic velocities along with vascularity indices (VIs) on Superb Microvascular Imaging were measured.ResultsPatients with GD had a significantly higher mean thyroid volume (P < .001; right lobe, 11.80 mL; left lobe, 9.10 mL) and peak systolic velocity (right, 32.5 cm/s; left, 30 cm/s) with a lower resistive index (right, 0.48%; left, 0.48%) compared to patients with HT (right, 8.78 mL, 20 cm/s, 0.55%; left, 7.41 mL, 20 cm/s, 0.55%, respectively) and also control participants (right, 4.59 mL, 15 cm/s, 0.56%; left, 3.52 mL, 15 cm/s, 0.54%). Patients with GD had a significantly higher median VI (right, 25%; left, 26%) compared to patients with HT (right, 11%; left, 13%) and control participants (right, 8%; left, 8%). When patients with GD were categorized as euthyroid and hyperthyroid based on thyrotropin levels and clinical symptoms, both euthyroid and hyperthyroid patients with GD had significantly higher thyroid volumes compared to patients with HT (P < .001). Hyperthyroid patients with GD had higher thyroid volumes compared to euthyroid patients with GD; however, the difference failed to reach statistical significance. A significant strong positive correlation with the VI and thyrotropin receptor autoantibody levels (r = 0.696) was found. The highest area under the curve was obtained for the right lobe VI (0.885), followed by the left lobe VI (0.872), right lobe volume (0.828), and peak systolic velocity (0.810). The optimal cutoff VI value for distinguishing between HT and GD was 17.35% with sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 85.3%, 78.4%, and 81.7%, respectively.ConclusionsSuperb Microvascular Imaging is a new method that can detect subtle vascularity changes with higher accuracy compared to spectral Doppler parameters in distinguishing between HT and GD.
Miniaturized low‐pass filter based on defected ground structure and compensated microstrip line
Authors: Shi Ling‐Feng , Fan Ze‐Yuan , Xin Dong‐jin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article presents a low‐pass filter combining asymmetric π‐type defect structure and microstrip line filter. Traditional single‐form defected ground structure filters often require cascading to have good suppression, which can result in increasing board size and cost. The top layer of the proposed filter is in the form of a stepped impedance microstrip line, and the bottom layer uses a defective structure. Simulation and experimental results show that the filter combining the new defect structure and the microstrip line has a very sharp transition zone and deeper suppression depth than the existing symmetrical or asymmetric defect structure. The proposed structure has an ultracompact size of 356 mm2, and the results show an insertion loss from 0 to 2.2 GHz as low as 0.8 dB and a wide stop band of more than 30 dB from 3.3 to 9.8 GHz.
Counterintuitive deshielding on the 13C NMR chemical shift for the trifluoromethyl anion
Authors: Viesser Renan V. , Tormena Cláudio F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe trifluoromethyl anion (CF3−) displays 13C NMR chemical shift (175.0 ppm) surprisingly larger than neutral (CHF3, 122.2 ppm) and cation (CF3+, 150.7 ppm) compounds. This unexpected deshielding effect for a carbanion is investigated by density functional theory calculations and decomposition analyses of the 13C shielding tensor into localized molecular orbital contributions. The present work determines the shielding mechanisms involved in the observed behaviour of the fluorinated anion species, shedding light on the experimental NMR data and demystify the classical correlation between electron density and NMR chemical shift. The presence of fluorine atoms induces the carbon lone pair to create a paramagnetic shielding on the carbon nucleus.