bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing rates of statin therapy in eligible patients living with HIV versus uninfected patients
Authors: Blackman AL , Pandit NS , Pincus KJ 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesDespite an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in people living with HIV (PLWH), a gap in statin prescribing practices has been described for statin‐eligble PLWH and uninfected patients. Few data have become available characterizing this gap since the publication of the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association lipid guidelines. The objective of this study was to characterize statin prescribing rates for eligible PLWH compared to uninfected adults.MethodsThis was a retrospective, comparative analysis of patients seen at two clinics in an urban, academic medical system between February 2017 and September 2017. Patients who qualified for one of the statin benefit groups were included: those with a history of clinical ASCVD, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 190 mg/dL, diabetes mellitus, or 10‐year ASCVD risk score ≥ 7.5%. Patients < 21 years old or without a lipid panel within 3 years were excluded. The primary outcome was the percentage of PLWH prescribed a statin compared to uninfected patients. Predictors associated with receiving a statin were analysed using a logistic regression model.ResultsNine hundred and eight PLWH and 2239 uninfected patients met the study criteria. A difference in statin prescribing rates was observed between PLWH and uninfected patients (44% versus 56%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66–0.94). However, only in the 10‐year ASCVD risk group were the rates significantly different (24% for PLWH versus 36% for uninfected patients; adjusted OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.5–0.92). PLWH more often received a medium‐intensity statin and uninfected patients more often received a high‐intensity statin.ConclusionsPLWH with ASCVD risk were less likely to be prescribed a statin compared to uninfected patients. Additional analyses are needed to investigate reasons for the statin prescribing gap and appropriateness of lipid agent selection in both study populations.
Oxidative stress in alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Acharya Prakash , Mathur Mahesh C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have investigated the oxidative stress parameters in alopecia areata (AA) patients with variable results. This study aims to analyze the association between oxidative stress and AA based on current literature.MethodsA systematic review of the existing literature was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases by two authors independently. Mean and standard deviation values of oxidative stress parameters of AA patients and healthy controls were extracted for quantitative analysis.ResultsA total of 18 studies were included in the analysis. Patients with AA had impaired oxidative balance with elevated levels of serum malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and total oxidant capacity and lower levels of serum superoxide dismutase, paraoxonase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Levels of oxidative parameters were significantly higher in severe AA compared to mild/moderate AA. Heterogeneity in the baseline characteristics of the included studies and limited available data for most parameters were the limitations of this study.ConclusionsCurrent evidence suggests that AA is associated with oxidative stress. More studies are needed to strengthen this association. Moreover, studies evaluating the role of antioxidant use in AA may be rewarding.
The metabolic formation profiles of macamides accompanied by the conversion of glucosinolates in maca (Lepidium meyenii) during natural air drying
Authors: Zhang Shao‐Zhi , Yang Fang , Shao Jin‐Liang , Pu Hong‐Mei , Ruan Zhen‐Yuan , Yang Wan‐Lin , Li Hong 
Published: December 2019

SummaryMacamides, functional compounds found only in Lepidium meyenii Walpers, have gained interest in many fields of research due to its multiple bioactivities. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which macamides are synthesised is not thoroughly understood. In this study, the synthesis of six macamides and the conversion of three glucosinolates were studied systematically during a 6‐month natural air drying process. An investigation of synthesis profiles showed that the largest category of macamides, the major constituents of total macamides, has the same benzyl group as benzyl glucosinolate, which has higher content than other glucosinolates. The second largest group of macamides contains the same m‐methoxybenzyl group as m‐methoxybenzyl glucosinolate which is the second major constituent of total glucosinolates. The results from this study suggest that glucosinolates are one of the most important precursors of macamides. Compared with all other drying methods, natural air drying is the most suitable condition for the formation of macamides.
INGO affiliate’s dual legitimacy in institutional environments with multiple dimensions for social welfare practice: The case of an INGO in Taiwan and its affiliate in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Lin Hsin‐Mei , Huang Carol Shuling 
Published: December 2019

The dual legitimacy of an international non‐governmental organisation (INGO) affiliate is critical to the INGO’s sustainable development, but few studies are found in the extant literature. Based on Kostova and Zaheer’s theoretical concept elaborating on organisational legitimacy under conditions of complexity, we conducted this study through the extended case method and used the grounded theory approach to examine the case study of the child organisation (CO) in Taiwan and its affiliate in Kyrgyzstan (CKO). Utilising an integrated framework elaborating on the INGO affiliate’s dual legitimacy (IADL), we examined the impact generated from the institutional environments in a multidimensional construct at the macro‐, meso‐, and microlevels. This study also explored the complexity of and interactions with the institutional environment that INGO affiliates might encounter. The findings of this study could serve as a guideline for INGO workers, policy makers and academicians.Key Practitioner Message: • The first article applying the institutional theory and theory of organisational legitimacy on checking dual legitimacy of INGO affiliates through the case study of CO and CKO; • We examined the impact generating from the institutional environments with a multidimensional construct at the macro‐, meso‐, and microlevels through an integrated framework of INGO legitimacy from the perspective of the dual legitimacy that INGO affiliates face; • The findings of this study could be the resources of guideline for INGO workers, policy makers and academicians.
MiR‐129‐5p promotes docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer by down‐regulating CAMK2N1 expression
Authors: Wu Cheng , Miao Chunqing , Tang Qingsheng , Zhou Xunrong , Xi Pengshan , Chang Ping'an , Hua Lixin , Ni Haodong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study focuses on the effect of miR‐129‐5p on docetaxel‐resistant (DR) prostate cancer (PCa) cells invasion, migration and apoptosis. In our study, the expression of CAMK2N1 was assessed by qRT‐PCR in PCa patient tissues and cell lines including PC‐3 and PC‐3‐DR. Cells transfected with miR‐129‐5p mimics, inhibitor, CAMK2N1 or negative controls (NC) were used to interrogate their effects on DR cell invasions, migrations and apoptosis during docetaxel (DTX) treatments. The apoptosis rate of the PCa cells was validated by flow cytometry. Relationships between miR‐129‐5p and CAMK2N1 levels were identified by qRT‐PCR and dual‐luciferase reporter assay. CAMK2N1 was found to be down‐expressed in DR PCa tissue sample, and low levels of CAMK2N1 were correlated with high docetaxel resistance and clinical prediction of poor survival. CAMK2N1 levels were decreased in DR PCa cells treated with DXT. We further explored that up‐regulation of miR‐129‐5p could promote DR PCa cells viability, invasion and migration but demote apoptosis. Involved molecular mechanism studies revealed that miR‐129‐5p reduced downstream CAMK2N1 expression to further impact on chemoresistance to docetaxel of PCa cells, indicating its vital role in PCa docetaxel resistance. Our findings revealed that miR‐129‐5p contributed to the resistance of PC‐3‐DR cells to docetaxel through suppressing CAMK2N1 expression, and thus targeting miR‐129‐5p may provide a novel therapeutic approach in sensitizing PCa to future docetaxel treatment.
Awareness and practices of general practitioners towards the oral‐systemic disease relationship: A regionwide survey in France
Authors: Dubar Marie , Delatre Vincent , Moutier Cassandre , Sy Kadiatou , Agossa Kevimy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRationale, aim, and objective“Periodontal medicine” is based on evidence of interactions between periodontal disease and overall health. The aim of the present study was to assess awareness of oral‐systemic disease relationship among French general practitioners (GPs) and clarify how this influences their practices in a wider effort to better integrate oral health concerns into global health care delivery.MethodGPs registered in the north of France were invited to complete an online self‐administered questionnaire through local divisions of the French Medical Board. The questionnaire was divided into four sections: socio‐demographic aspects, knowledge, practices, and an overview.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 253 GPs. Among these, 75% were aware of the association between periodontitis (PD) and diabetes, and 53% to 59% were aware of the impact of PD on cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, and respiratory infections. Few GPs identified PD as a possible risk factor of rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer disease (35.18% and <15%, respectively); 74.31% of GPs reported never asking their patients about their periodontal health. However, a personal history of PD and professional experiences seem to influence the medical practices of GPs to include oral examination. GPs largely self‐rated their knowledge of the oral‐systemic disease connection as being insufficient and were favourable to completing an up‐to‐date training course (86.56%).ConclusionFrench GPs' knowledge about the association of PD with systemic diseases seems to be fair, but discrepancies in their daily clinical routine were found. Promisingly, a positive attitude was observed towards improving their knowledge of oral‐systemic diseases link. These results indicate the importance to reinforce collaboration between medical doctors and oral health care specialists.
Hospital nurses and home care providers’ experiences of participation in nutritional care among older persons and their family caregivers: a qualitative study
Authors: Hestevik C. H. , Molin M. , Debesay J. , Bergland A. , Bye A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundA person‐centred approach to nutritional care has the potential to increase an older person’s role in making informed decisions about their own care and possibly improving their quality of life. However, despite the considerable interest shown in person‐centred nutritional care in recent years, delivery of such care still appears to lack consideration for older persons’ needs and preferences. The present study aimed to explore healthcare professionals’ views on how older persons and their family caregivers participate in decisions about their own nutritional care and possible barriers for that participation.MethodsSemi‐structured in‐depth interviews with 23 healthcare professionals in acute geriatric care and home care were conducted. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsThe analysis of the interviews resulted in three main themes: (i) lack of shared decision‐making in nutritional care; (ii) conflict between patient’s preferences and standard nutritional care procedures; and (iii) the value of family caregivers who are seldom involved in nutritional care.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals were aware of the importance of actively engaging older persons and their family members in the nutritional care to achieve positive outcomes. However, they encountered individual and structural barriers, including resistance from patients and family caregivers, conflicts between the patients’ nutritional wishes and standard nutritional procedures, a wish to shield the family caregivers from the stress of caring for a sick relative, and lack of time and caring structures that facilitate the older persons and their family’s active participation.
Sensory changes and lipoprotein ratios in patients with brain cancers during cancer‐related therapy: A prospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kim Sanghee 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo identify the sensory changes and lipoprotein ratios and their relationship in brain cancer patients during cancer‐related therapy (CRT).MethodsThis was a prospective cross‐sectional study with three observation times: before CRT, at 2–3 weeks, and 4–6 weeks after beginning CRT. The changes in patientsʼ symptoms were evaluated using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, and lipoprotein ratios were measured using total cholesterol/ high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol/HDL‐c, and triglyceride/HDL‐c at the three time points.ResultsSensory changes such as itching, swelling of the arms and legs, numbness in the hands or feet, tingling in the hands or feet, and changes in the way food tastes and lipoprotein ratios were altered in patients with brain cancer during CRT. The lipoprotein ratios showed a significant positive correlation with sensory changes at each observation time (p < .05).ConclusionSensory changes and lipoprotein ratios varied, and their significant relationship was identified during CRT. Lipoprotein ratios should be considered as an indicator for symptom management in patients with malignant brain cancer during CRT.
Evaluating side-by-side diffusion models for studying drug supersaturation in an absorptive environment: a case example of fenofibrate and felodipine
Authors: Eliasen Jannik Nicklas , Berthelsen Ragna , Slot Anne Louise , Müllertz Anette 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
To test whether a side-by-side diffusion model is suitable for studying drug supersaturation in an absorptive environment.

Methods
The µD/P model and the µFLUX model, using a Caco-2 cell monolayer/PAMPA membrane as the permeation barrier, respectively, were compared in terms of robustness and ease of handling, while studying the drug supersaturation–precipitation–permeation interplay. Continuing with the best model, the impact of the acceptor media and the importance of studying drug supersaturation in a combined dissolution–permeation model, as compared to a simple dissolution model, were evaluated.

Key findings
The two models produced similar results in terms of supersaturation, precipitation and permeation. The µFLUX model was considered more robust and easier to handle based on its cell-free permeation system. Using the µFLUX model, it was found that an acceptor medium with a high surfactant concentration increased the amount of permeated drug. The effect of absorption on drug supersaturation was found to be dependent on the drug, and the tested level of supersaturation.

Conclusion
The tested models were comparable; however, Caco-2 cell monolayers were considered too sensitive to be used to study drug supersaturation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the observed drug-dependent effects of absorption on drug supersaturation.
Influence of nursing staff attitudes and characteristics on the use of coercive measures in acute mental health services—A systematic review
Authors: Doedens Paul , Vermeulen Jentien , Boyette Lindy‐Lou , Latour Corine , de Haan Lieuwe 
Published: December 2019

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Aggressive behaviour is a major problem in clinical practice of mental health care and can result in the use of coercive measures.

Coercive measures are dangerous for psychiatric patients and international mental healthcare works on the elimination of these interventions.

There is no previous review that summarizes the attitude of nursing staff towards coercive measures and the influence of nursing staff characteristics on attitude towards and the use of coercive measures.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

The attitude of nurses shifted from a therapeutic paradigm (coercive measures have positive effects on patients) to a safety paradigm (coercive measures are undesirable, but necessary for the wards’ safety).

Nurses express the need for less coercive interventions to prevent seclusion and restraint, but their perception of intrusiveness is influenced by how often they use specific coercive measures.

The knowledge from scientific literature on the influence of nursing staff on coercive measures is highly inconclusive, although the feeling of safety of nurses might prove to be promising for further research.

What are the implications for practice?

There is need for increased attention specifically for the feeling of safety of nurses, to better equip nurses for their difficult work on acute mental health wards.

AbstractIntroductionThe use of coercive measures generally has negative effects on patients. To help prevent its use, professionals need insight into what nurses believe about coercion and which staff determinants may influence its application. There is need for an integrated review on both attitude and influence of nurses on the use of coercion.AimTo summarize literature concerning attitude of nurses towards coercive measures and the influence of staff characteristics on the use of coercive measures.MethodSystematic review.ResultsThe attitude of nurses changed during the last two decades from a therapeutic to a safety paradigm. Nurses currently view coercive measures as undesirable, but necessary to deal with aggression. Nurses express the need for less intrusive interventions, although familiarity probably influences its perceived intrusiveness. Literature on the relation between staff characteristics and coercive measures is inconclusive.DiscussionNurses perceive coercive measures as unwanted but still necessary to maintain safety on psychiatric wards. Focussing on the determinants of perception of safety might be a promising direction for future research.Implications for practiceMental health care could improve the focus on the constructs of perceived safety and familiarity with alternative interventions to protect patients from unnecessary use of coercive interventions.
Integrative approach reveals four new cryptic species in the genus Gayliella (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta)1
Authors: Gomes Fernanda P. , Maggs Christine A. , Barros‐Barreto Maria Beatriz B. 
Published: December 2019

The filamentous red algal genus Gayliella, typified by G. flaccida, was segregated from Ceramium for a group of epiphytic species on the basis of morphological data and molecular phylogenetic analyses. However, while the genus was well investigated in some geographical areas, the treatment of the Brazilian taxa “Ceramium flaccidum” and “C. dawsonii” was incomplete and they were not transferred to Gayliella due to the problematic status of the specific epithets. Brazilian “C. flaccidum” did not fit within the circumscription of Gayliella flaccida; Brazilian “C. dawsonii” was positioned in three distinct lineages, none of which corresponded to known Gayliella species. Since the establishment of Gayliella, there has been no re‐evaluation of Brazilian species, so this study revises the genus in Brazil using molecular and morphological data. Brazilian “C. flaccidum”, “C. dawsonii”, and other Brazilian collections were investigated by an integrative approach using phylogenetic analysis, genetic divergence, two species delimitation methods using three molecular markers (rbcL, cox1, and partial LSU), and comparative morphological and quantitative analyses. This molecular‐assisted alpha taxonomy (MAAT) analysis placed Brazilian samples in five distinct well‐supported lineages. For these, we propose a new combination, Gayliella dawsonii comb. nov. (lineage 2), based on analysis of type specimens and molecular data obtained from specimens collected near the type locality, and four new species: Gayliella ardissonei sp. nov. (“Ceramium flaccidum” from Brazil), G. iemanja sp. nov. (“C. dawsonii” lineage 3), G. tamoiensis sp. nov., and G. jolyana sp. nov. (“C. dawsonii” lineage 1).
FOXP3+ and CD25+ cells are reduced in patients with stage IV, grade C periodontitis: A comparative clinical study
Authors: da Motta Raphael J. G. , Almeida Luciana Yamamoto , Villafuerte Kelly R. V. , Ribeiro-Silva Alfredo , León Jorge E. , Tirapelli Camila 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSome studies suggest that regulatory T cells (Tregs) have suppressive effects on inflammatory osteolysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate Treg immunomarkers in periodontitis‐affected tissues from patients with periodontitis and clinically healthy gingiva (control).Material and MethodsThe presence and distribution of positive cells for CD4, CD25 and FOXP3 (Treg immunomarkers) in periodontitis‐affected tissues (epithelium and lamina propria) of 30 patients (ten per group) with a diagnosis of stage IV, grade C periodontitis (IV‐C), stage III, grade B periodontitis (III‐B) and the control were evaluated. A two‐way ANOVA followed by Fisher's LSD test was used to demonstrate differences between the groups and immunomarkers; Student's t test was used to demonstrate differences between the epithelium and the lamina propria.ResultsBoth IV‐C and III‐B periodontitis presented a significantly high proportion of immune‐stained cells for all immunomarkers when compared to the control group. Notably, CD25+ and FOXP3+ cells were detected in a significantly higher number in III‐B than IV‐C periodontitis (P < .05).ConclusionOur results suggest the participation of Tregs on the osteoimmunological mechanisms in IV‐C and III‐B periodontitis patients, notably contributing to strategies for alveolar bone regeneration in clinical treatment decisions.
High rate of sustained virological response with direct‐acting antivirals in haemophiliacs with HCV infection: A multicenter study
Authors: Mancuso Maria Elisa , Linari Silvia , Santagostino Elena , Bartolozzi Dario , D'Ambrosio Roberta , Borghi Marta , Lampertico Pietro , Peyvandi Flora , Castaman Giancarlo , Aghemo Alessio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsChronic hepatitis C is the main co‐morbidity in adult patients with haemophilia (PwH). It causes progressive liver damage leading to end‐stage liver disease and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Eradication of HCV was possible with interferon (IFN)‐based regimens in the past and direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) more recently. PwH have been considered “difficult‐to‐treat” because of several bad predictors of response. The advent of DAAs has provided high rates of sustained virological response (SVR) despite bad prognostic factors. Here, we present the results of antiviral treatment with DAAs in PwH treated in 2 large Italian Hemophilia Treatment Centers.MethodsPwH and chronic hepatitis C sustained by any HCV genotype were eligible for therapy with DAAs, including those with compensated cirrhosis, HIV infection and/or previous failure to IFN‐based antiviral therapy. Patients received DAAs for 8‐24 weeks according to existing guidelines. SVR was defined as persistent negative serum HCV‐RNA at 12 weeks after treatment completion (SVR12).ResultsBetween January 2015 and November 2018, 200 patients aged 21‐84 years (median: 50.5) received DAAs. HCV genotype 1 was the most prevalent (158, 79%). Forty patients (20%) were HIV positive, 56 (28%) had cirrhosis and 91 (46%) previously failed interferon‐based treatment. Ribavirin was used in 70 (35%). HCV‐RNA was undetectable at week 4 in 124/192 (65%) and SVR12 was achieved in 193/195 (99%). No patient had serious side effects related to DAAs.ConclusionsDAAs were safe and highly effective in PwH irrespective of HIV status, stage of liver disease severity and/or previous failure to IFN‐based therapy.