bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who Received the Most Rain Today?: An Analysis of Daily Precipitation Extremes in the Contiguous United States Using CoCoRaHS and COOP Reports
Authors: Goble Peter E. , Doesken Nolan J. , Durre Imke , Schumacher Russ S. , Stewart Abigail , Turner Julian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEvery day, thousands of volunteers across the United States report the amount of precipitation they have received in the past 24 hours. This study focuses on the largest of these volunteer-submitted reports for each day, using precipitation measurements from the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS) from January 2010 to December 2017 as well as observations from the U.S. Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) network from January 1981 through December 2017. Results provide clarity on spatial variability, temporal variability, and seasonal cycle of contiguous U.S daily precipitation extremes (DPEs). During 2010–17, the DPEs ranged from 11 mm on 28 March 2013 in Oregon to 635 mm on 27 August 2017 in Texas during Hurricane Harvey. Coastal states are most prone to high daily precipitation totals, especially those bordering the Gulf of Mexico or Atlantic Gulf Stream. The average DPE value varies with season; it is greater than 175 mm in late August and less than 100 mm through meteorological winter. These observations also show that location of the DPE varies with season as well. For example, 28.5% of February extremes fall in Pacific states, whereas all August extremes occur east of that region. Perhaps most importantly, these findings demonstrate strength in numbers. The large daily sample size of CoCoRaHS and COOP networks forms a basis for monitoring, mapping, and categorizing DPEs, and other aspects of extreme precipitation, with considerable spatial detail.
TCS: ‘Hazir SubKuch’—Making Everything Present
Authors: Jat Mohsin Nasir , Jajja Muhammad Shakeel Sadiq 
Published: January 2020

The case describes the journey of TCS as it became Pakistan’s leading logistics service provider. It highlights how and when TCS acquired different logistics and other value-adding capabilities and how these capabilities, in turn, complimented the diverse logistics services that TCS offered to a wide variety of businesses. TCS had been offering a top-notch Express and Logistics service around Pakistan for 30 years. TCS started as a company providing secure distribution of letters and packages. Customers perceived TCS as a shipping solution provider for all their goods transportation needs which included parcels, documents, E-commerce products and even their groceries. Table 1 of the case study highlights that TCS had taken up some unique and new initiatives. TCS handled four main clientele areas: Corporate, Consumer, International and E-commerce. For consumer wing, TCS oversaw bookings of documents and parcels at the express centres, door-to-door containerized shipments, domestic and international air ticketing, visa application drop box facility for various countries and financial services in the form of insurance plans. On the corporate side, TCS provided warehousing and distribution, digital printing and bulk mail solutions. International and e-commerce both catered consumer and corporate segments. Over the last decade, TCS had established a warehousing and distribution wing and a mail management and printing facility. Other ventures and services that TCS offered were Visatronix, Hazir, Home Movers, E-COM, TCS Aviation, Mail Management System, Warehouse and Distribution, Intiana, Sentiments express and Octra. The case focusses on the decision of whether or not to run an ambitious new logistics service, that is, Hazir SubKuch (HSK), meant to deliver anything non-prohibited that a customer wanted, on a crowdsourcing model. In the proposed crowdsourcing model, after training and evaluation, anyone could assume the role of a customer service provider by connecting to the system remotely. Similarly, pickup and delivery jobs could be performed under an Uber-like model by anyone who owned a ride and had smartphone connectivity. The service was a brainchild of the new CEO, hired by the founder and chairman as part of the new management team to bring a fresh dynamism in the company.
Clinical response and survival time of cats with carcinoma of the nasal cavity treated with palliative coarse fractionated radiotherapy
Authors: Giuliano Antonio , Dobson Jane 
Published: January 2020

Objectives Carcinoma is the second most common tumour of the nasal cavity in cats. Few studies assessing the response and survival of cats with carcinoma of the nasal cavity treated with palliative coarse fractionated radiotherapy have been published. Methods Twenty-eight cats were diagnosed with histologically confirmed carcinoma of the nasal cavity. All patients treated with a coarse fractionated radiotherapy protocol were retrospectively reviewed. Results Improvement of the clinical signs were reported in 24 cases; median survival time (MST) was 342 days; and cats with Adams modified stage IV and facial deformity had a significantly reduced MST of 152 days ( P = 0.0013) and 67 days ( P = 0.0002), respectively. Severe radiotherapy-related clinical signs were not reported and alopecia and leukotrichia were the most common side effects reported in ten cases. Conclusions and relevance Coarse fractionated radiotherapy treatment for carcinoma of the nasal cavity in cats is effective in relieving clinical signs. Long survival times can be achieved, in particular in cases with a less advanced stage of the tumour.
Estimation of GFR in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wallace Andrea , Price April , Fleischer Erin , Khoury Michael , Filler Guido 
Published: January 2020

Background: Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have frequent infectious complications requiring nephrotoxic medications, necessitating monitoring of renal function. Although adult studies have suggested that cystatin C (CysC)-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) may be preferable due to reduced muscle mass of patients with CF, pediatric patients remain understudied. Objective: Our objective was to determine which eGFR formula is best for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in pediatric patients with CF. Methods: A total of 17 patients with CF treated with nephrotoxic antibiotics were recruited from the Children’s Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada. 99Tc DTPA GFR (measured GFR [mGFR]) was measured with 4-point measurements starting at 120 minutes using a 2-compartmental model with Brøchner-Mortensen correction, with simultaneous measurement of creatinine, urea, and CysC. The eGFR was calculated using 16 known equations based on creatinine, urea, CysC, or combinations of these. Primary outcome measures were correlation with mGFR, and agreement within 10% for various eGFR equations. Results: Mean mGFR was 136 ± 21 mL/min/1.73 m2. Mean creatinine, CysC, and urea were 38 ± 10 μmol/L, 0.72 ± 0.08 mg/L, and 3.9 ± 1.4 mmol/L, respectively. The 2014 Grubb CysC eGFR had the best correlation coefficient ( r = 0.75, P = .0004); however, only 35% were within 10%. The new Schwartz formula with creatinine and urea had the best agreement within 10%, but a relatively low correlation coefficient ( r = 0.63, P = .0065, 64% within 10%). Conclusions: Our study suggests that none of the eGFR formulae work well in this small cohort of pediatric patients with CF with preserved body composition, possibly due to inflammation causing false elevations of CysC. Based on the small numbers, we cannot conclude which eGFR formula is best.
Brentuximab vedotin with chemotherapy for stage III/IV classical Hodgkin lymphoma: 3-year update of the ECHELON-1 study
Authors: Straus David J. , Długosz-Danecka Monika , Alekseev Sergey , Illés Árpád , Picardi Marco , Lech-Maranda Ewa , Feldman Tatyana , Smolewski Piotr , Savage Kerry J. , Bartlett Nancy L. , Walewski Jan , Ramchandren Radhakrishnan , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Hutchings Martin , Connors Joseph M. , Radford John , Munoz Javier , Kim Won Seog , Advani Ranjana , Ansell Stephen M. , Younes Anas , Miao Harry , Liu Rachael , Fenton Keenan , Forero-Torres Andres , Gallamini Andrea 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The phase 3 ECHELON-1 study demonstrated that brentuximab vedotin (A) with doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (AVD; A+AVD) exhibited superior modified progression-free survival (PFS) vs doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) for frontline treatment of patients with stage III/IV classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Maturing positron emission tomography (PET)-adapted trial data highlight potential limitations of PET-adapted approaches, including toxicities with dose intensification and higher-than-expected relapse rates in PET scan after cycle 2 (PET2)-negative (PET2−) patients. We present an update of the ECHELON-1 study, including an exploratory analysis of 3-year PFS per investigator. A total of 1334 patients with stage III or IV cHL were randomized 1:1 to receive 6 cycles of A+AVD (n = 664) or ABVD (n = 670). Interim PET2 was required. At median follow-up of 37 months, 3-year PFS rates were 83.1% with A+AVD and 76.0% with ABVD; 3-year PFS rates in PET2− patients aged &lt;60 years were 87.2% vs 81.0%, respectively. A beneficial trend in PET2+ patients aged &lt;60 years on A+AVD was also observed, with a 3-year PFS rate of 69.2% vs 54.7% with ABVD. The benefit of A+AVD in the intent-to-treat population appeared independent of disease stage and prognostic risk factors. Upon continued follow-up, 78% of patients with peripheral neuropathy on A+AVD had either complete resolution or improvement compared with 83% on ABVD. These data highlight that A+AVD provides a durable efficacy benefit compared with ABVD for frontline stage III/IV cHL, consistent across key subgroups regardless of patient status at PET2, without need for treatment intensification or bleomycin exposure. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01712490 (EudraCT no. 2011-005450-60).
Clinical and functional significance of circular RNAs in cytogenetically normal AML
Authors: Papaioannou Dimitrios , Volinia Stefano , Nicolet Deedra , Świerniak Michał , Petri Andreas , Mrózek Krzysztof , Bill Marius , Pepe Felice , Walker Christopher J. , Walker Allison E. , Carroll Andrew J. , Kohlschmidt Jessica , Eisfeld Ann-Kathrin , Powell Bayard L. , Uy Geoffrey L. , Kolitz Jonathan E. , Wang Eunice S. , Kauppinen Sakari , Dorrance Adrienne , Stone Richard M. , Byrd John C. , Bloomfield Clara D. , Garzon Ramiro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules that display a perturbed arrangement of exons, called backsplicing. To examine the prognostic and biologic significance of circRNA expression in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML), we conducted whole-transcriptome profiling in 365 younger adults (age 18-60 years) with CN-AML. We applied a novel pipeline, called Massive Scan for circRNA, to identify and quantify circRNA expression. We validated the high sensitivity and specificity of our pipeline by performing RNase R treatment and RNA sequencing in samples of AML patients and cell lines. Unsupervised clustering analyses identified 3 distinct circRNA expression–based clusters with different frequencies of clinical and molecular features. After dividing our cohort into training and validation data sets, we identified 4 circRNAs (circCFLAR, circKLHL8, circSMC1A, and circFCHO2) that were prognostic in both data sets; high expression of each prognostic circRNA was associated with longer disease-free, overall, and event-free survival. In multivariable analyses, high circKLHL8 and high circFCHO2 expression were independently associated with better clinical outcome of CN-AML patients, after adjusting for other covariates. To examine the biologic relevance of circRNA expression, we performed knockdown screening experiments in a subset of prognostic and gene mutation–related candidate circRNAs. We identified circFBXW7, but not its linear messenger RNA, as a regulator of the proliferative capacity of AML blasts. In summary, our findings underscore the molecular associations, prognostic significance, and functional relevance of circRNA expression in CN-AML.
The NLRP3 inflammasome pathway is activated in sarcoidosis and involved in granuloma formation
Authors: Huppertz Christine , Jäger Benedikt , Wieczorek Grazyna , Engelhard Peggy , Oliver Stephen J. , Bauernfeind Franz-Georg , Littlewood-Evans Amanda , Welte Tobias , Hornung Veit , Prasse Antje 
Published: January 2020

Sarcoidosis is a disease characterised by granuloma formation. There is an unmet need for new treatment strategies beyond corticosteroids. The NLRP3 inflammasome pathway is expressed in innate immune cells and senses danger signals to elicit inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β; it has recently become a druggable target. This prompted us to test the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β pathway in granuloma formation and sarcoidosis.19 sarcoid patients and 19 healthy volunteers were recruited into this pilot study. NLRP3 inflammasome activity was measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and lung and skin biopsies using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, reverse-transcriptase PCR and ELISA. Forin vivoexperiments we used the trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate-granuloma mouse model and evaluated lung granuloma burden in miR-223 knockout and NLRP3 knockout mice, as well as the treatment effects of MCC950 and anti-IL-1β antibody therapy.We found strong upregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, evidenced by expression of activated NLRP3 inflammasome components, including cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β in lung granuloma, and increased IL-1β release of BAL cells from sarcoid patients compared to healthy volunteers (p=0.006). mRNA levels of miR-223, a micro-RNA downregulating NLRP3, were decreased and NLRP3 mRNA correspondingly increased in alveolar macrophages from sarcoid patients (p<0.005). NLRP3 knockout mice showed decreased and miR-223 knockout mice increased granuloma formation compared to wild-type mice. Pharmacological interference using NLRP3 pathway inhibitor MCC950 or an anti-IL-1β antibody resulted in reduced granuloma formation (p<0.02).In conclusion, our data provide evidence of upregulated inflammasome and IL-1β pathway activation in sarcoidosis and suggest both as valid therapeutic targets.
Culture of pulmonary artery endothelial cells from pulmonary artery catheter balloon tips: considerations for use in pulmonary vascular disease
Authors: Ventetuolo Corey E. , Aliotta Jason M. , Braza Julie , Chichger Havovi , Dooner Mark , McGuirl Donald , Mullin Christopher J. , Newton Julie , Pereira Mandy , Princiotto Amy , Quesenberry Peter J. , Walsh Thomas , Whittenhall Mary , Klinger James R. , Harrington Elizabeth O. 
Published: January 2020

Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) but there are no established methods to study pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) from living patients. We sought to culture PAECs from pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) balloons used during right-heart catheterisation (RHC) to characterise successful culture attempts and to describe PAEC behaviour.PAECs were grown in primary culture to confluence and endothelial cell phenotype was confirmed. Standard assays for apoptosis, migration and tube formation were performed between passages three to eight. We collected 49 PAC tips from 45 subjects with successful PAEC culture from 19 balloons (39%).There were no differences in subject demographic details or RHC procedural details in successfulversusunsuccessful attempts. However, for subjects who met haemodynamic criteria for PAH, there was a higher but nonsignificant (p=0.10) proportion amongst successful attempts (10 out of 19, 53%)versusunsuccessful attempts (nine out of 30, 30%). A successful culture was more likely in subjects with a lower cardiac index (p=0.03) and higher pulmonary vascular resistance (p=0.04). PAECs from a subject with idiopathic PAH were apoptosis resistant compared to commercial PAECs (p=0.04) and had reduced migration compared to PAECs from a subject with portopulmonary hypertension with high cardiac output (p=0.01). PAECs from a subject with HIV-associated PAH formed fewer (p=0.01) and shorter (p=0.02) vessel networks compared to commercial PAECs.Sustained culture and characterisation of PAECs from RHC balloons is feasible, especially in PAH with high haemodynamic burden. This technique may provide insight into endothelial dysfunction during PAH pathogenesis.
Micro-FTIR spectroscopy and partial least-squares regression for rapid determination of moisture content of nanogram-scaled heat-treated wood
Authors: Yuan Hanmeng , Tang Shiyao , Luo Qiuyan , Xiao Teng , Wang Wenlei , Ma Qiang , Guo Xin , Wu Yiqiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMoisture sorption has a significant impact on the performance of heat-treated wood. In order to better characterize moisture sorption of heat-treated wood, a method for rapid determination of moisture content (MC) of nanogram-scaled heat-treated wood is proposed in this work. During moisture adsorption process, micro-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of heat-treated wood were recorded. Spectral analysis was applied to these measured spectra, and then moisture adsorption sites and spectral ranges affected by moisture sorption were identified. Meanwhile, moisture contents (MCs) of heat-treated wood at various relative humidity (RH) levels were measured by using dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) setup. Based on these spectral ranges and MCs, a quantitative forecasting model was established using partial least-square regression (PLSR). Furthermore, the developed forecasting model was applied to acquire moisture sorption isotherm of heat-treated wood, in which a very positive correlation between predicted and measured MCs was observed. It was confirmed that this method was effective for rapid detection of MC of nanogram-scaled heat-treated wood which had unique advantages of rapid analysis (second level) and less sample consumption (nanogram level).
Biodegradation and biotransformation of pentachlorophenol by wood-decaying white rot fungus Phlebia acanthocystis TMIC34875
Authors: Xiao Pengfei , Kondo Ryuichiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPentachlorophenol (PCP) has been introduced into the environment mainly as a wood preservative and biocide. The degradation and transformation of PCP in liquid culture by wood-decaying fungus capable of degrading organochlorine pesticides was investigated in this study. The results of tolerance test showed that the tolerance level of Phlebia acanthocystis to PCP in potato dextrose agar medium was higher than that of other Phlebia species. At the end of 10 days of incubation, P. acanthocystis was able to remove 100% and 76% of PCP (25 μM) in low-nitrogen and potato dextrose broth media, respectively. The decrease of PCP in P. acanthocystis culture is accompanied by the formation of pentachloroanisole and p-tetrachlorohydroquinone via methylation and oxidation reactions. Moreover, the p-tetrachlorohydroquinone formed is rapidly converted to methylated products including tetrachloro-4-methoxyphenol and tetrachloro-1,4-dimethoxybenzene. The activities of lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase were found to increase in extracellular fluid from fungal culture treated with high-concentration PCP, with maximum values of 169.6 U/L and 73.4 U/L, respectively. The in vitro degradation of PCP and p-tetrachlorohydroquinone was confirmed using extracellular fluid of P. acanthocystis, suggested that the methylation of both compounds is related to extracellular enzymes. Degradation of PCP was efficiently inhibited by piperonyl butoxide or 1-aminobenzotriazole, demonstrating that cytochrome P450 monooxygenase is involved in fungal transformation of PCP, particularly in the oxidation of PCP to p-tetrachlorohydroquinone. Additionally, P. acanthocystis mineralized 9.3% of the PCP to 14CO2 in low-nitrogen culture during 42 days. Results obtained in the present study are in favor of the use of P. acanthocystis as a microbial tool of remediation of PCP-contaminated sites.
Dural arteriovenous fistulas and headache features: an observational study
Authors: Corbelli Ilenia , De Maria Francesca , Eusebi Paolo , Romoli Michele , Cardaioli Gabriela , Hamam Mohammed , Floridi Piero , Cupini Letizia Maria , Sarchielli Paola , Calabresi Paolo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Dural arteriovenous fistulas are intracranial vascular malformations, fed by dural arteries and draining venous sinuses or meningeal veins. Clinical course varies widely and ranges from benign with spontaneous remission to fatal, due to cerebral hemorrhage. In a 10-year single institution experience, clinical presentation of dural arteriovenous fistulas, and in particular headache and angiographic features, as well as long-term outcome were analyzed.

Methods
Data of 42 intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas of 40 patients concerning demographic characteristics, medical history and risk factors, clinical presentation and headache features, location and neuroimaging findings, as well as treatment and outcome, were collected. Furthermore, we used the modified-Rankin Scale to assess the long-term outcome, by telephone contact with patients and/or their relatives.

Results
Patients aged between 25 and 89 years (mean age 55.8 ± 15.5). According to different clinical presentation and evolution, related to their unique drainage pattern into the cavernous sinus, we examined the carotid-cavernous fistulas separately from other dural arteriovenous fistulas. Interestingly, we found that the migraine-like headache was the major onset symptom of dural arteriovenous fistulas different from carotid-cavernous fistulas (p = 0.036). On the other hand, non-migraine-like headache was a typical characteristic of carotid-cavernous fistulas (p = 0.003). Moreover, ocular symptoms were more frequently observed in carotid-cavernous fistulas (92.9% p < 0.001). Seventy percent of patients did not report any impact on quality of life (mRS 0 or 1) at follow-up.

Conclusions
These findings suggest a link between the site of lesion and clinical features of the headache, a symptom that usually leads to hospitalization. In particular, ocular symptoms accompanying non-migraine-like headache should be promptly recognized and raise the suspicion of a carotid-cavernous fistula, while migraine-like headache may suggests other dural arteriovenous fistulas. This study provides new significant insights on headache and its characteristics as a presentation symptom in dural arteriovenous fistulas.