bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibition: from molecular mechanisms to treatment for secretory diarrhoeas
Authors: de Jonge Hugo R. , Ardelean Maria C. , Bijvelds Marcel J. C. , Vergani Paola 
Published: October 2020

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an unusual ABC transporter. It acts as an anion‐selective channel that drives osmotic fluid transport across many epithelia. In the gut, CFTR is crucial for maintaining fluid and acid‐base homeostasis, and its activity is tightly controlled by multiple neuro‐endocrine factors. However, microbial toxins can disrupt this intricate control mechanism and trigger protracted activation of CFTR. This results in the massive faecal water loss, metabolic acidosis and dehydration that characterize secretory diarrhoeas, a major cause of malnutrition and death of children under 5 years of age. Compounds that inhibit CFTR could improve emergency treatment of diarrhoeal disease. Drawing on recent structural and functional insight, we discuss how existing CFTR inhibitors function at the molecular and cellular level. We compare their mechanisms of action to those of inhibitors of related ABC transporters, revealing some unexpected features of drug action on CFTR. Although challenges remain, especially relating to the practical effectiveness of currently available CFTR inhibitors, we discuss how recent technological advances might help develop therapies to better address this important global health need.
High Performance Li Metal Anode Enabled by Robust Covalent Triazine Framework‐Based Protective Layer
Authors: Zheng Yuxin , Xia Shuixin , Dong Fei , Sun Hao , Pang Yuepeng , Yang Junhe , Huang Yizhong , Zheng Shiyou 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdvanced high‐energy‐density energy storage systems with high safety are desperately demanded to power electric vehicles and smart grids. Li metal batteries (LMBs) can provide a considerable leap in battery energy. Nevertheless, the widespread deployment of Li metal has long been fettered by the unstable solid electrolyte interlayer and uncontrolled Li dendrite growth induced safety concerns. Herein, a flexible and conformal CTF‐LiI coating has been rationally coated on Li metal surface to stabilize metallic Li. With the CTF‐LiI coating, the Li electrodeposition exhibits a uniform, dense, and dendrite‐free manner; however, the side reactions between metallic Li and electrolyte have been effectively suppressed. The Li symmetric cells can run stably for a prolonged cycling over 2500 cycles at 10 mA cm−2, demonstrating a much lower voltage hysteresis. In addition, the Li|Li4Ti5O12 cells can deliver an improved long‐time cycling over 250 cycles at 0.05 A g−1. Furthermore, the half cells paired with the organic S cathode also demonstrate an excellent long lifespan stable cycling and a high capacity of 682.2 mAh g−1 retained over 300 cycles with an average capacity decay of ≈0.05% per cycle at 1.0 A g−1. This work demonstrates a significant step toward large‐scalable and long‐cycling stable LMBs.
Reinforcement and Fatigue of a Bioinspired Mineral–Organic Bioresorbable Bone Adhesive
Authors: Kirillova Alina , Nillissen Olivia , Liu Samuel , Kelly Cambre , Gall Ken 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBioresorbable bone adhesives may provide remarkable clinical solutions in areas ranging from fixation and osseointegration of permanent implants to the direct healing and fusion of bones without permanent fixation hardware. Mechanical properties of bone adhesives are critical for their successful application in vivo. Reinforcement of a tetracalcium phosphate–phosphoserine bone adhesive is investigated using three degradable reinforcement strategies: poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) (PLGA) fibers, PLGA sutures, and chitosan lactate. All three approaches lead to higher compressive strengths of the material and better fatigue performance. Reinforcement with PLGA fibers and chitosan lactate results in a 100% probability of survival of samples at 20 MPa maximum compressive stress level, which is almost ten times higher compared to compressive loads observed in the intervertebral discs of the spine in vivo. High adhesive shear strength of 5.1 MPa is achieved for fiber‐reinforced bone adhesive by tuning the surface architecture of titanium samples. Finally, biological and biomechanical performance of the fiber‐reinforced adhesive is evaluated in a rabbit distal femur osteotomy model, showing the potential of the bone adhesive for clinical use.
Influence of the Vibrational Modes from the Organic Moieties in 2D Lead Halides on Excitonic Recombination and Phase Transition
Authors: Moral Raphael F. , Germino José C. , Bonato Luiz G. , Almeida Diogo B. , Therézio Eralci M. , Atvars Teresa D. Z. , Stranks Samuel D. , Nome René A. , Nogueira Ana F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract2D metal halide semiconductors have been intensively studied in the past few years due to their unique optical properties and potential for new‐generation photonic devices. Despite the large number of recent works, this class of materials is still in need of further understanding due to their complex structural and optical characteristics. In this work, a molecular‐level explanation for the dual band emission in the 2D (C4H9NH3)2PbI4 in its bulk form is presented, demonstrating that this feature is caused by a strong exciton–phonon coupling. Temperature‐dependent photoluminescence with Raman and IR spectroscopies reveals that vibrations involving the C‐NH3+ butylammonium polar head are responsible for this exciton–phonon coupling. Additionally, experimental shifts in the mean phonon frequencies coupled with the electronic excitation, combined with a theoretical model, show that these vibrational modes present a soft‐mode behavior in the phase transition of this material.
Multiple Cations Enhanced Defect Passivation of Blue Perovskite Quantum Dots Enabling Efficient Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Pan Jiangyong , Zhao Zihan , Fang Fan , Wang Lixi , Wang Guangzhao , Liu Chengjun , Chen Jing , Xie Jing , Sun Jiayun , Wang Kai , Liu Xiang , Tao Zhi , Zhao Jianguo , Wu Qinqin , Chang Jianhua , Wang Ye , Lei Wei , Zhang Wei , Sun Xiao Wei , Zhao Dewei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAll inorganic perovskite quantum dots (ABX3, A = Cs, B = Pb, X = Cl, Br, or I) are potential candidates for wide‐color‐gamut display applications. High‐efficiency green and red perovskite quantum dot (PeQD) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have been achieved, however, development of blue‐emitting devices, especially those with the relatively short wavelengths (<470 nm) meeting National Television System Committee blue standard, lag largely behind, mainly due to poor film quality, low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of PeQDs, and unfavorable device structure. Here, a strategy of co‐doping Rb+ and Ni2+ in (Cs0.8Rb0.2)(Pb0.95Ni0.05)(Br1.8Cl1.2) PeQDs is reported to improve the film quality and PLQY of PeQDs by realizing multiple passivations and modifying the energy band of PeQDs to reduce the hole injection barrier. With further engineering the device structure to facilitate the hole transport, PeQDLEDs based on multiple‐cation PeQDs show the maximum EQE of 2.14% and the emission peak at 467 nm with a full width at half maximum of 16 nm. This work would open up a new avenue to design and develop efficient blue‐emitting materials for high‐performance blue PeQDLEDs.
Electrochemical Study of Poly(2,6‐Anthraquinonyl Sulfide) as Cathode for Alkali‐Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Yanyao , Gao Yang , Fan Ling , Zhang Yanning , Wang Bo , Qin Zhihui , Zhou Jiang , Lu Bingan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOrganic electrode materials are extensively applied for alkali metal (lithium, sodium, and potassium)‐ion batteries (LIBs, SIBs, and PIBs) due to their sustainability and low cost. As a typical organic cathode, poly(2,6‐anthraquinonyl sulfide) (PAQS) shows high theoretical capacity, yet its electrochemical behavior and mechanisms in alkali‐metal‐ion batteries still require clarification. Herein, PAQS microspheres are synthesized and applied as cathodes for LIBs, SIBs, and PIBs. When using traditional low‐concentration electrolytes, the reduction voltage and the initial discharge capacity of PAQS electrode in LIB, SIBs, PIBs are 2.11 V/103 mAh g−1, 1.76/1.30 V/134 mAh g−1, 1.94/1.54 V/198 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, respectively, while the cycling stability of PAQS is in the order of LIBs > SIBs > PIBs. To further promote the practical application of PIBs, a facile method is demonstrated to improve the cycle stability of PAQS for PIBs by using a novel high‐concentration electrolyte. The cycling stability of PIBs with PAQS can be improved significantly to 1200 cycles with a capacity decay of 0.031% per cycle. This work may provide guidelines for developing innovative organic materials used in applicable metal‐ion batteries demonstrates the impact of electrolyte optimization on improving the cycling stability.
Do Automated Reminders for Emergency Department Resident Physicians to Review Their Patient List Improve Efficiency?
Authors: Granata Robert T. , Guillen Nicole R. , Lucero Anthony D. , Lagerhausen Seth T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesNavigating the emergency department (ED) workflow in an efficient manner is an important skill every emergency physician or advanced provider must master. There is a paucity of research into ways to improve how efficiently an ED provider works amid these distractions. This study seeks to determine whether the addition of an hourly automated reminder for resident physicians to review their patient list improves throughput metrics.MethodsThis a double‐blinded randomized controlled trial in which resident physicians at a single community ED were randomly assigned to two groups: the intervention group, which received automated hourly notifications within the electronic medical record (EMR) to review their patient list for those whose workup is completed, and the control group, which received no notifications. We prospectively analyzed records for 25,255 encounters with 19,264 individual patients seen by 64 residents over the study period. Three‐level mixed‐effects regression models were used to examine whether notifications improved ED length of stay (ED‐LOS), turnaround time to discharge (TAT‐D), or turnaround time to admission (TAT‐A).ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in ED‐LOS or TAT‐D between groups, but the average TAT‐A was 20.00 minutes longer in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.001), after accounting for patient‐ and resident‐specific effects. Secondary analysis demonstrated no statistically significant effect of residency specialty on the effect of notifications on ED‐LOS, TAT‐D, or TAT‐A.ConclusionsAutomated hourly notifications within the EMR reminding residents in the ED to review their patient list did not reduce the ED‐LOS, TAT‐D, or TAT‐A. However, the TAT‐A was 20.00 minutes longer in the intervention group compared to the control group. It is unclear whether this represents an unintended effect of the automated reminders or is simply a spurious correlation.
Effects of different rice straw on soil microbial community structure
Authors: Liu Li , Ding Mengjiao , Zhou Lukuo , Chen Yi , Li Haiping , Zhang Faming , Li Gang , Zhou Zifang , Zhang Yi , Zhou Xixin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStraw incorporation is an important measure to improve soil fertility and soil acidification. However, fresh straw that is returned to the field cannot be decomposed in a short time. Accumulation of undecomposed straw in the soil changes humus composition and the C structure. An experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of decomposed straw on soil fertility and microbial communities. Soil samples were collected from a rice–rice–tobacco region in southwestern China (The rice was Hongyou No 7, which was a new variety applied in 2007 by the Honghe State Agricultural Science Institute,Yunnan province, China). (The tobacco was K326. K326 was an excellent variety which Imported from Northup King Seed Company (USA) to China in 1985). The soil was mixed with different kinds of straw and incubated in a greenhouse. The responses of the soil fertility, microbial diversity, and microbial population were analyzed after 0, 16, and 33 d of incubation. Overall, we found that (a) the soil organic matter and the organic C content of each humus component were significantly increased after 33 d of incubation. In addition, the condensation and oxidation degrees of the soil C structure were decreased. (b) Community dynamics changes in the soil were accompanied by changes of incubation times. (c) Decomposed straw incorporation could stimulate potentially beneficial microbial populations. (d) Decomposed straw incorporation with microbial agent application could be the best practice for the application of biofertilizers.
ECHS1 disease in two unrelated families of Samoan descent: Common variant ‐ rare disorder
Authors: Simon Mariella T. , Eftekharian Shaya S. , Ferdinandusse Sacha , Tang Sha , Naseri Take , Reupena Muagututi'a Sefuiva , McGarvey Stephen T. , Minster Ryan L. , Weeks Daniel E. ,   The Samoan Obesity, Lifestyle, and Genetic Adaptations (OLaGA) Study Group, Nguyen Daniel D. , Lee Sansan , Ellsworth Katarzyna A. , Vaz Frédéric M. , Dimmock David , Pitt James , Abdenur Jose E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMutations in the short‐chain enoyl‐CoA hydratase (SCEH) gene, ECHS1, cause a rare autosomal recessive disorder of valine catabolism. Patients usually present with developmental delay, regression, dystonia, feeding difficulties, and abnormal MRI with bilateral basal ganglia involvement. We present clinical, biochemical, molecular, and functional data for four affected patients from two unrelated families of Samoan descent with identical novel compound heterozygous mutations. Family 1 has three affected boys while Family 2 has an affected daughter, all with clinical and MRI findings of Leigh syndrome and intermittent episodes of acidosis and ketosis. WES identified a single heterozygous variant in ECHS1 at position c.832G > A (p.Ala278Thr). However, western blot revealed significantly reduced ECHS1 protein for all affected family members. Decreased SCEH activity in fibroblasts and a mild increase in marker metabolites in urine further supported ECHS1 as the underlying gene defect. Additional investigations at the DNA (aCGH, WGS) and RNA (qPCR, RT‐PCR, RNA‐Seq, RNA‐Array) level identified a silent, common variant at position c.489G > A (p.Pro163=) as the second mutation. This substitution, present at high frequency in the Samoan population, is associated with decreased levels of normally spliced mRNA. To our understanding, this is the first report of a novel, hypomorphic allele c.489G > A (p.Pro163=), associated with SCEH deficiency.
Side‐on Coordination in Isostructural Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Complexes of Nickel
Authors: Puerta Lombardi Braulio M. , Gendy Chris , Gelfand Benjamin S. , Bernard Guy M. , Wasylishen Roderick E. , Tuononen Heikki M. , Roesler Roland 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA nickel complex incorporating an N2O ligand with a rare η2‐N,N′‐coordination mode was isolated and characterized by X‐ray crystallography, as well as by IR and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy augmented by 15N‐labeling experiments. The isoelectronic nickel CO2 complex reported for comparison features a very similar solid‐state structure. Computational studies revealed that η2‐N2O binds to nickel slightly stronger than η2‐CO2 in this case, and comparably to or slightly stronger than η2‐CO2 to transition metals in general. Comparable transition‐state energies for the formation of isomeric η2‐N,N′‐ and η2‐N,O‐complexes, and a negligible activation barrier for the decomposition of the latter likely account for the limited stability of the N2O complex.
Reversing Titanium Oligomer Formation towards High‐Efficiency and Green Synthesis of Titanium‐Containing Molecular Sieves
Authors: Lin Dong , Zhang Quande , Qin Zhengxing , Li Qing , Feng Xiang , Song Zhaoning , Cai Zhenping , Liu Yibin , Chen Xiaobo , Chen De , Mintova Svetlana , Yang Chaohe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGreen and efficient synthesis of titanium‐containing molecular sieves is limited by the quantity of environmentally unfriendly additives and complicated synthesis procedures required. Oligomerization of Ti monomers into anatase TiO2 is the typical outcome of such procedures because of a mismatch between hydrolysis rates of Si and Ti precursors. We report a simple and generic additive‐free route for the synthesis of Ti‐containing molecular sieves (MFI, MEL, and BEA). This approach successfully reverses the formation of Ti oligomers to match hydrolysis rates of Ti and Si species with the assistance of hydroxyl free radicals generated in situ from ultraviolet irradiation. Moreover, fantastic catalytic performance for propene epoxidation with H2 and O2 was observed. Compared with the conventional hydrothermal method, this approach opens up new opportunities for high‐efficiency, environmentally benign, and facile production of pure titanium‐containing molecular sieves.
A Five‐Step Evidence‐Based Practice Primer for Perioperative RNs
Authors: Stucky Christopher H. , De Jong Marla J. , Rodriguez Jose A. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTPerioperative nurses work in one of the most complex healthcare settings and must adapt to rapid advances in technology, treatments, and scientific discoveries to maintain clinical competence and provide care that reflects current evidence. Evidence‐based practice (EBP) is a standard of professional nursing performance and an expectation of professional nursing practice. Because EBP is foundational to health care quality and safety, perioperative nurses must understand the concepts of EBP and have the capacity to apply evidence to their clinical practice. However, some perioperative nurses struggle with EBP concepts and find it difficult to access, appraise, and apply evidence. In this article, we describe the five‐step EBP process and provide valuable insights into EBP for perioperative RNs.
PCL/β‐AgVO3 nanocomposites obtained by solvent casting as potential antimicrobial biomaterials
Authors: de Menezes Beatriz Rossi Canuto , Montanheiro Thaís Larissa do Amaral , Sampaio Aline da Graça , Koga‐Ito Cristiane Yumi , Thim Gilmar Patrocínio , Montagna Larissa Stieven 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe adhesion of microorganisms on biomaterials can impair its effective application. The addition of antimicrobial agents is a promising alternative to overcome this limitation. In this work, films of polycaprolactone (PCL) and nanostructured β‐AgVO3 (SV) were produced by solvent casting with 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt% of SV. The effect of SV on the structure of PCL was investigate using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of the films against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was evaluated by the agar diffusion method and by direct contact test. FTIR confirmed the presence of SV into the PCL films, with chemical interaction between them. SEM showed that SV nanorods were well dispersed and with good interfacial adhesion with PCL. XRD diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed that the presence of SV increased the number of nucleation sites, reducing the size of crystallites and increasing the amorphous domains in the PCL matrix, consequently reducing crystallinity. This behavior was confirmed by DSC, which showed a reduction in the crystallinity with increasing SV content. Films with 1 wt% of SV showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in direct contact test.
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer metallization via a conductive silver nanowires polyurethane coating for electromagnetic shielding
Authors: Dupenne David , Lonjon Antoine , Dantras Eric , Pierré Thierry , Lubineau Marc , Lacabanne Colette 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor electromagnetic shielding in space environment, the metallization of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is required. A specific attention is paid due to the thermal expansion coefficient difference between substrate and metal coating. A surface metallization of a CFRP has been elaborated by electrodeposition. This study presents an original process based on an electrically conductive polymer coating elaborated from a polyurethane matrix filled with a low content of silver nanowires (<10%vol). A continuous and adherent deposit is obtained by an optimization of the electroplating parameters. A minimal volume fraction was determined at 3%vol associated with an applied current density estimated near 0.1 A/dm2. The growth speed is 7 μm/h at 0.1 A/dm2. The adhesion was checked in severe environmental conditions (−196 to 165°C). The effectiveness shielding obtained with this solution reaches an attenuation value higher than 90 dB between 1 and 26 GHz necessary for space communication applications.
Evaluation by IR spectroscopy of the degradation of different types of commercial polyethylene exposed to UV radiation and domestic compost in ambient conditions
Authors: Martínez Karla I. , González‐Mota Rosario , Soto‐Bernal Juan José , Rosales‐Candelas Iliana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDifferent types of commercial polyethylene films, low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), and biodegradable polyethylene (BIO‐PE), were exposed to UV‐B radiation at different exposure time and domestic composting during spring and fall at ambient conditions. The effects of UV‐B radiation and domestic composting on LDPE, HDPE, and BIO‐PE degradation were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. LDPE, HDPE, and BIO‐PE exposed to UV‐B radiation underwent photo oxidation reactions leading to the formation of carbonyl (CO) and vinyl (CH2CH) groups and hydrophilic surface modification. Also, the exposure of LDPE, HDPE, and BIO‐PE to domestic composting at ambient conditions at different seasons suffered biodegradation reactions leading to the formation of polysaccharides. In both different seasons LDPE, HDPE, and BIO‐PE underwent partial biodegradation, remaining in the domestic composting as unwanted polymer debris. However, biodegradation in domestic composting is not recommended as feasible disposal routes for nonbiodegradable and commercially labeled as biodegradable PE.
A high‐efficiency DOPO‐based reactive flame retardant with bi‐hydroxyl for low‐flammability epoxy resin
Authors: Zhang Junjun , Duan Huajun , Cao Jianfan , Zou Jiahao , Ma Huiru 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA high‐efficiency DOPO‐based reactive flame retardant (DPE) with bi‐hydroxyl was successfully synthesized via reacting DOPO with imine obtained from the condensation of ethanolamine and 1,4‐phthalaldehyde, and used as co‐curing agent to improve the fire safety of epoxy resin (EP). Its chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, 1H, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and elemental analysis. The curing behavior, thermal properties, flame‐retardant properties of EP/DPE systems were investigated. The results revealed that DPE slightly decreased the glass transition temperature (Tg), but accelerated the curing cross‐linking reaction of EP. Furthermore, DPE decreased thermal degradation rate of epoxy matrix and promoted the formation of residual char at high temperature. After adding DPE, the flame retardant of epoxy thermosets was greatly improved. Especially, the thermoset modified with 5 wt% DPE achieved limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 33.6% and V‐0 rating in UL‐94 test, demonstrating the highly efficient flame retardancy. While its peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) were respectively decreased by 32.6%, 17.8%, and 13.9% compared with neat EP. Moreover, the research on flame retardant mechanism disclosed that DPE played dual flame‐retardant effect in the gaseous and condensed phases.