bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer Optimization of Stealth Biodegradable Polymeric Dual-loaded Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy Using Central Composite Face-centered Design
Authors: Berko Yvonne A. , Akala Emmanuel O. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Combination chemotherapy capable of overcoming cancer drug
resistance can be facilitated by nanotechnology.

Objective:
Synthesis, characterization, statistical experimental design, analysis and optimization
of stealth pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles suitable as a platform for simultaneous
delivery of paclitaxel and 17-AAG in breast cancer therapy were investigated.

Methods:
An acetal crosslinker and a poly(ɛ)caprolactone macromonomer were synthesized
and characterized. The statistical experimental design used was the response surface
method (RSM). We used the central composite face-centered design (CCF) in three independent
factors and seventeen runs. Nanoparticles were fabricated by dispersion polymerization
techniques. Response variables evaluated were: particle size, drug loading, encapsulation
efficiency, and in vitro availability.

Results:
Scanning electron micrographs showed the formation of spherical nanoparticles.
Computer software was used for the analysis of variance with a 95% confidence level and
Q2 (goodness of prediction) to select an appropriate model for each of the response
variables. Each term in each of the models was tested for the significance of the regression
coefficients. The computer software optimizer was used for optimization to select factor
combination to minimize particle size, time (h) for maximum release of paclitaxel and
17-AAG, to maximize paclitaxel and 17-AAG loading efficiency and to maximize
paclitaxel and 17-AAG encapsulation efficiency.

Conclusion:
The optimization was successful, as shown by the validation data which lie
within the confidence intervals of predicted values of the response variables. The selected
factor combination is suitable for the in vivo evaluation of the nanoparticles loaded with
paclitaxel and 17-AAG.
Forming the historical consciousness of the student through teaching fiction
Authors: Abdigapbarova Zhanar 
Published: May 2020

Teaching fiction is closely related to science because any sphere of science involves theoretical and applied practical meaning. While forming a fiction-reading student by teaching literature we should take into account both theoretical and applied systems of the literature and pay attention to its artistic nature. When the meaning of the word, a concept, or an idea influence the student, he/she starts to think deeply and attentively. Moreover, reading fiction affects consciousness differently. On one hand, it may encourage an individual to act, on the other hand, it may invoke his interest in the subject (literature) and encourage him/her to read fiction. Teaching is a bilateral process, hence, its quality is directly related to the attitudes of the student and the level of cognitive activity and didactic improvement of the teacher’s work. Improving critical thinking improves students’ cognitive activity. The literature of any nation develops in a close relationship with its history. Any scientific sphere is also closely related to history. There is no life beyond history as well as literature. Therefore, teaching fiction is an extremely effective way of forming historical consciousness. The public opinion in Kazakhstan is formed through the history and literature of the Kazakh nation.
The Food of Fishes
Authors: Forbes Stephen A. 
Published: May 2020

In a paper on the food of Illinois fishes published in the second bulletin of this Laboratory, the subject vvas treated in a general and cursory manner, the amount of material upon which that paper was based being insufficient for exact or detailed description. The favor with which that preliminary notice was received, has made it possible to undertake a more serious investigation; and this paper contains an account of the food of the Acanthopteri of the State which I believe to be nearly or quite sufficient for the student of science and for the practical fish culturist. lt is still necessary only to study the food of specimens under a half-inch length and to test the value of the general conclusions reached by occasional examinations of fishes taken from other waters at other seasons of the year.
Duck Populations and Kill: an Evaluation of Some Waterfowl Regulations in Illinois
Authors: Bellrose Frank C. 
Published: May 2020

This paper was conceived and written in an attempt to evaluate the effect of various hunting regulations on the kill of ducks in Illinois, and to ascertain the optimum dates for Illinois hunting seasons of various lengths. Recent open seasons in Illinois' (1938-1942) have protected blue-winged teals more than any other species. These open seasons have protected other species in the following descending order: shovelers, green-winged teals, pintails, widgeons, mallards and black ducks, ring-necked ducks, canvasbacks, lesser scaups, ruddy ducks and gadwalls. The dates for the waterfowl hunting season in Illinois should depend upon what species of ducks need the greatest protection, and whether the hunter or the waterfowl population should be favored. Open dates suggested by this study are as follows: For a 30-day season, November 1-30; for a 45-day season, October 22-December 5; for a 60-day season, October 10-December 8; for a 70-day season, October 1-December 9; for an 80-day season, September 26-December 14; for a 100-day season, September 20-December 28.
A Biological Investigation of the Fishes of Lake Chautauqua, Illinois
Authors: Starrett William C. , Fritz Arnold W. 
Published: May 2020

A biological investigation was conducted on the fishes of this lake over a 10-year period, 1950-1959. The present paper is concerned principally with the various fishes and their relative abundance in Lake Chautauqua, their biology, the dynamics of their populations, and the eflFects of commercial fishing on them. Sedimentation, turbidity, chemical, and bottom fauna studies were made in conjunction with the fishery investigation. Field data were obtained on the fishery by creel censusing, commercial wing-net fishing, commercial seining, test-net fishing ( 1-inch-square-mesh wing nets), minnow seining, use of rotenone, and electrofishing. During the investigation, 52,214 fish were weighed and measured. In addition, 12,814 small fish were measured; 23,812 fish were aged. Sixty-four species of fish were collected from the lake. At least 30 of these species were either rare or rare-occasional, 21 species ranged from occasional to common, and only 13 species occurred abundantly. The abundant species were bigmouth buffalo, gizzard shad, carp, freshwater drum, bluegill, white crappie, black crappie, yellow bass, channel catfish, shortnose gar, emerald shiner, spottail shiner, and brook silverside. The growth rates of 14 species of fish at Lake Chautauqua were determined. Growth rates of most of the species studied compared favorably with growth rates of these species in other waters. A few species had excellent growth rates. Lack of stunted fish indicated that the fish populations in the lake were not overcrowded. In some species, the population was dominated for several years by one or two year-classes.
The Lake Sangchris Study
Authors: Larimore R. Weldon , Tranquilli John A. 
Published: May 2020

Under contract with Commonwealth Edison Company, the Illinois Natural History Survey studied this cooling lake ecosystem intensively from August 1973 through August 1977 to determine the effect of the thermal discharge and combustion byproducts on the local environment. Investigations included detailed studies of water quality, plankton, aquatic macrophytes, clams, benthos, fish, fish harvest or creel, waterfowl, trace metals, and pesticides. Some studies (water quality, benthos, clams, and aquatic macrophytes) were terminated in 1976, and others were initiated to consider the distribution of larval fishes in the cooling loop and the effect of the impingement and entrainment of fish by the power plant.
In June 1975 , the Illinois Natural History Survey received additional support from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) of Palo Alto, California, to expand investigations at Lake Sangchris. The expanded work consisted of three parts: (1) a study of the relationship between the fisheries and the physicochemical conditions associated with power production, including fish temperature preferences, potential dangers to the biological system, benefits to plant and animal communities, and causes of environmental degradation associated with power production; (2) construction of a fish production model from the large accumulation of physical-chemical-biological data; and (3) a comparison of fish production in Lake Sangchris with that of Lake Shelbyville, a nearby flood control reservoir. This work has been completed, and a four-volume final report: Evaluation of a Cooling Lake Fishery, has been published by EPRI (1979-1980). However, those investigations cannot be completely separated from the work supported by Commonwealth Edison and reported here.
The investigative work was carried out by an interdisciplinary team of specialists. Administration and overall coordination of the project were handled at the Illinois Natural History Survey headquarters in Urbana, while field activities were coordinated through a field station at Kincaid, a few miles from the lake. Most of the fishery biologists were based at the field station; other team members were based in Urbana where more extensive laboratory and analytical facilities were available.
Monograph of the Neotropical Fern Genus Polybotrya (Dryopteridaceae)
Authors: Moran Robbin C. 
Published: May 2020

The genus Polybotrya (Dryopteridaceae) includes 35 species of neotropical ferns. It is distinguished by 1) strongly dimorphic leaves with fertile leaves that resemble skeletons of the sterile, photosynthetic ones; 2) usually high-climbing stems that are covered with scales; and 3) a unique stem anatomy with 5 to 12 circularly arranged meristeles, each surrounded by a black sclerenchymatous sheath, with numerous tiny leaf traces arching between adjacent meristeles. The center of diversity of the genus is the Andes, where 23 species occur, 12 of which are endemic. The coastal mountains of southeastern Brazil are notable because they contain 5 species, all endemic. The range of Polybotrya is from Chiapas, Mexico, southward through Central America; the West Indies; northern South America southward along the Andes to Bolivia and Paraguay and eastward to the Guiana Highlands; the Amazon River basin and the Matto Grosso; and southeastern Brazil. Species of the genus typically inhabit wet, shaded, primary tropical forests from sea level to 2500 m, most often occurring at middle altitudes between 500 and 2000 m. Polybotrya is divided into three subgenera: 1) Soromanes, leaves simply pinnate and veins anastomosing; 2) Sorhifolia, leaves simply or twice pinnate and veins free, close, and parallel; and 3) Polybotrya, leaves decompound and veins free. Polybotrya cervina, a species usually included in Polybotrya, is removed to the monotypic genus Olfersia (Moran 1986). Polybotrya is related to dryopteroid genera such as Arachniodes, Cyclodium, Maxonia. Olfersia, and Polystichopsis. Carl Christensen, the father of modem fern taxonomy, observed (1916) that Polybotrya may have arisen from Maxonia because both have high-climbing stems and strongly dimorphic leaves. The morphological and anatomical evidence presented here suggests that Polybotrya may have evolved instead from a Cyclodium-like ancestor.
I chose Polybotrya for study because two aspects of the genus immediately intrigued me: its strongly differentiated sterile and fertile leaves and its long, creeping hemiepiphytic stem (Fig. 1). Since these features evolved separately in unrelated fern genera, studying Polybotrya might well provide insight into broader questions of fern evolution. Polybotrya was suited to monographic study because the number of species (35), all of which are neotropical, was manageable. Finally, no previous monographic work had been done on Polybotrya and many problems of nomenclature and identification remained to be solved.
Canadian Internal Medicine Ultrasound (CIMUS) Recommendations Regarding Internal Medicine Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) use during Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic
Authors: Ma Irene WY , Somayaji Ranjani , Rennert-May Elissa , Minardi Joseph , Walsh Michael H , Wiskar Katie , Smyth Leo M , Burgoyne Steven , Chan Barry , Haroon Babar  A , Desy Janeve 
Published: May 2020

With the COVID-19 pandemic, we are in unprecedented times - our clinical environment is changing rapidly and may continue to do so in the future. Over the last decade there has been an increased support for the use of internal medicine point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) across the country and worldwide. While standard infection control guidelines are available on device and tranducer cleaning and disinfection, these recommendations may not apply during the COVID-19 pandemic. While we anticipate that the experience and need for POCUS deployment will differ across the country depending on several contextual factors, similar principles will likely emerge across multiple settings. To that end, to enable POCUS readiness, we recommend that each program/ practice site consider undertaking the following steps and recommendations on a semi-urgent basis if POCUS use is anticipated.
The objective of this article to provide internists who currently use POCUS with the interim recommendations on processes that need to be in place prior to its use. This document refers primarily to the non-critical use of ultrasound devices based on the Spaulding classification6 (see Appendix for definitions) and does not apply to the setting of critical use where sterilization is required, nor semi-critical use, where high-level disinfection is required. Each institution must have its own policy in place on the cleaning and disinfection procedures for POCUS. This doucument is meant to serve as an adjunct to existing protocols.
A Review Of Meibomian Gland Dysfuntion As Presented At Dry Eye University
Authors: Bowden Frank W. 
Published: May 2020

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), has been well established as a major etiologic factor in dry eye disease, replacing long regarded aqueous deficiency. Lemp, et al reported that 86% of a dry eye clinic cohort demonstrated evidence of MGD.1 An understanding of normal meibomian gland function is important to effective dry eye management.
Guía de buenas prácticas de recolección de indicios en el escenario del delito, según las normas de calidad de laboratorios forenses
Authors: Rojas-Ballestero Fiorella 
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo expone la metodología seguida en el Trabajo Final de Graduación (TFG) del área de la criminalística, específicamente, el análisis del problema de carecer de un documento guía con sentido de valor probatorio de los indicios que se deben recolectar en un escenario del delito. En este, se genera un desarrollo sistemático mediante el uso del marco lógico de la problemática, hasta llegar a las causas y efectos del problema para llegar a una posible solución con la creación de la Guía de buenas prácticas en la recolección de indicios en el escenario del delito, según las normas de calidad de los laboratorios forenses, específicamente los indicios relacionados con los fluidos biológicos.
EFFECT OF Avicennia sp. FRUIT EXTRACT IN PREVENTION OF THE SPREAD OF Vibrio parahaemolyticus BACTERIA IN VANAME SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Fitri Fadhilah Amalia , Diantari Rara , Wardiyanto Wardiyanto 
Published: May 2020

Vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the main aquaculture commodities in Indonesia because it has high economic value. But in the aquaculture it is known that there are diseases that cause death in shrimp before harvest time. Vibriosis is a disease caused by the Vibrio parahaemolyticus, bacteria which often attacks shrimp culture. Population control of Vibrio sp. done by giving immunostimulants and vaccines, as well as giving feed plus antibiotics. However, continuous use of antibiotics and improper doses will cause bacteria to become resistant and cause residues in the tissues. This study aims to examine the effect of Avicennia sp. fruit extract in preventing the infection of Vibrio parahae-molyticus in vaname shrimp on a laboratory scale. This study used the experimental method Complete Random Design (CRD), which consisted of five treatments with different concentrations of Avi-cennia sp. fruit extracts and three replications of individuals in the population. The results showed that Avicenniasp. fruit extract Avicennia sp. able to influence the inhibition of the growth of Vibrio parahaemolitycus bacteria and prevent the occurrence of vibriosis disease . This can be seen by the value of Relative Percent Survival (RPS) which is limitited to 50%, can slow down the time of death of the shrimp seen from the Mean Time to Death (MTD), and followed by a high Survival Rate (SR). The concentration that most affected the treatment was the concentration of 350 mg/l.Keywords: Avicennia sp extract, vaname shrimp, Vibrio parahaemolyticus
ANALYSIS OF SUPERIOR COMMODITIES OF MARINE CAPTURE FISHERIES IN CENTRAL BANGKA REGENCY, INDONESIA
Authors: Kurniawan Kurniawan , Wahyudin Cecep , Ferdinand Teguh 
Published: May 2020

This research aims to analyze the superior commodities of catch fisheries subsector in Central Bangka Regency. The method that was used in this research is descriptive method. The analysis approach which were used are Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share analysis (SSA), and Typology Klassen (TK). Based on the results of the research, the catch fisheries subsector in Central Bangka Regency is a potential and non base subsector, but growing faster in The Province of Bangka Belitung Islands. Based on the results of the analysis of LQ, SSA and TK acquired the superior commodities of catch fisheries in Central Bangka Regency consists of 11 commodities seen from production (tonnes) and value of the production (Rp). These types of fish are mullet, black-barred halfbeak, indian mackerel, scad fish, smallfin gulper shark, smalltooth sand tiger, dorab wolf-herring, tonguesole fish, sharpnose hammer croaker, crabs, and swimming crabs. Based on the results of this research recommended to continue to maintain the conditions of the fishing ground for the 9 types of fish caught, keep the fishing trip so that production is maintained for regional income and increasing the welfare of fishermen in Central Bangka Regency.
Feasibility Analysis of Freshwater Fish Farming Business Development in Pringsewu District
Authors: Sirat Muhiddin , Shaleh Shofyan , Ermawati Ratna , Sirat Muhammad Mirandy Pratama , Utomo Deny Sapto Chondro 
Published: May 2020

This research has two aims, the first was to see and analyze the business of freshwater fish farming in Pringsewu District which is feasible or not to be developed. The second aim was to find out whether the freshwater fish farming business in Pringsewu District remain feasible to be developed if there was a decrease in production levels and an increased in production costs. This research analyzes several aspects of business feasibility, namely marketing aspect, production aspect, management aspect dan financial aspect. In the financial aspect, two approaches were used, that were analysis of unpaid business feasibility using the Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio), Break event point (BEP), Return On Invesment (ROI) analysis tools and discounted business feasibility analysis with the Net Present Value (NPV), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C), Internal rate of retur (IRR), Gross Benefit Cost Ratio (Gross B/C), Payback period analysis tools. The results of this study indicate that the aspects of marketing, production aspect, and management aspect have the potential to be developed, as well as the financial aspects with the feasibility analysis of non-discounted shows that the business of freshwater fish farming in Pringsewu District is feasible to be developed. The results of the sensitivity analysis also show that the business is still feasible to be developed despite a decline in production levels and an increased in production costs. Keywords : Business Development, Business Feasibility, Project Evaluation, Freshwater Fish Farming
Population parameters and exploitation level of striped snakehead, Channa striata (Bloch, 1793) in Aopa Swamp, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Bahrin Nurtini , La Sara La Sara , Asriyana Asriyana 
Published: May 2020

Striped snakehead is one of the important economical fish in Aopa Swamp waters. Research on population parameters and exploitation level of striped snakehead was conducted from November 2018 to January 2019. The objective of this research was to analyze population parameters and exploitation level of striped snakehead in the Rawa Aopa waters in Southeast Sulawesi. Fish samples were caught using a fishing trap used by fishermen. A total of 449 individual fish were caught with ranging 20.0-47.0 cm in length and 59.0-994.0 g in weight. Striped snakehead has an isometric growth pattern (b=3.08 ; r=0.96, R2=0.92) with the equation model W=6.10-3L3,08. Striped snakehead reaches its maximum length in size L ͚ = 48.62 cm with a growth coefficient (K) of 0.68 year-1. Fishing mortality (F= 0.87) is higher than natural mortality (0.63). Exploitation level of striped snakehead in Rawa Aopa waters is categorized as overfishing (E> 0.5).Keywords : Striped snakehead, isometrics, overfishing, Aopa Swamp, Southeast Sulawesi
Determinan Pernikahan Dini di Desa Semendaran Kota Cilegon
Authors: Nurseha Nurseha , Pertiwi Wiwik Eko 
Published: May 2020

Laporan MDGS tahun 2008 menyebutkan bahwa jumlah perkawinan dini di Indonesia mencapai 34,5%. Menurut catatan KPAI jumlah perkawinan tercatat di Indonesia setiap tahun mencapai 2 sampai 2,5 juta pasang. Kekurangtahuan tentang seks dengan kehidupan rumah tangga serta adanya adat istiadat yang merasa malu kawin tua (perawan tua) menyebabkan meningkatnya perkawinan dan kehamilan usia remaja. Desa Semendaran merupakan desa di Kecamatan Jombang Kota Cilegon dengan angka usia pernikahan dini tertinggi dengan jumlah 35 orang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan pernikahan dini di Desa Semendaran Kecamatan Jombang Kota Cilegon tahun 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 orang yang diambil secara proporsif simpel random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 41 % responden melakukan pernikahan dini, 51 % mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan kurang baik, 59 % mempunyai sikap yang positif, 85 % mempunyai tingkat pendidikan yang rendah, 51 % mendapat dukungan keluarga, 84 % responden tidak bekerja. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, pendidikan, dukungan keluarga, usia, pekerjaan dengan pernikahan dini. Perlu adanya upaya pendampingan dan pendewasaan usia pernikahan melalui kegiatan-kegiatan kelompok dan masyarakat secara simultan dan berkelanjutan. Kata Kunci : Dukungan keluarga, Pernikahan dini, Pengetahuan, Sikap