bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of nutrients and water level changes on submerged macrophytes along a temperature gradient: A pan‐European mesocosm experiment
Authors: Ersoy Zeynep , Scharfenberger Ulrike , Baho Didier L. , Bucak Tuba , Feldmann Tõnu , Hejzlar Josef , Levi Eti E. , Mahdy Aldoushy , Nõges Tiina , Papastergiadou Eva , Stefanidis Konstantinos , Šorf Michal , Søndergaard Martin , Trigal Cristina , Jeppesen Erik , Beklioğlu Meryem 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSubmerged macrophytes are of key importance for the structure and functioning of shallow lakes and can be decisive for maintaining them in a clear water state. The ongoing climate change affects the macrophytes through changes in temperature and precipitation, causing variations in nutrient load, water level and light availability. To investigate how these factors jointly determine macrophyte dominance and growth, we conducted a highly standardized pan‐European experiment involving the installation of mesocosms in lakes. The experimental design consisted of mesotrophic and eutrophic nutrient conditions at 1 m (shallow) and 2 m (deep) depth along a latitudinal temperature gradient with average water temperatures ranging from 14.9 to 23.9°C (Sweden to Greece) and a natural drop in water levels in the warmest countries (Greece and Turkey). We determined percent plant volume inhabited (PVI) of submerged macrophytes on a monthly basis for 5 months and dry weight at the end of the experiment. Over the temperature gradient, PVI was highest in the shallow mesotrophic mesocosms followed by intermediate levels in the shallow eutrophic and deep mesotrophic mesocosms, and lowest levels in the deep eutrophic mesocosms. We identified three pathways along which water temperature likely affected PVI, exhibiting (a) a direct positive effect if light was not limiting; (b) an indirect positive effect due to an evaporation‐driven water level reduction, causing a nonlinear increase in mean available light; and (c) an indirect negative effect through algal growth and, thus, high light attenuation under eutrophic conditions. We conclude that high temperatures combined with a temperature‐mediated water level decrease can counterbalance the negative effects of eutrophic conditions on macrophytes by enhancing the light availability. While a water level reduction can promote macrophyte dominance, an extreme reduction will likely decrease macrophyte biomass and, consequently, their capacity to function as a carbon store and food source.
Broad‐scale distribution of diazotrophic communities is driven more by aridity index and temperature than by soil properties across various forests
Authors: Zhao Wenqiang , Kou Yongping , Wang Xiaohu , Wu Yanhong , Bing Haijian , Liu Qing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimMany studies have found that diazotrophic distribution is mainly determined by soil properties from field to regional scales. However, we lack strong evidence for the relative importance of different drivers controlling broad‐scale biogeography of forest diazotrophs, especially for soil multi‐nutrients.LocationChina’s forests.Time period2012−2013.Major taxa studiedDiazotrophic communities.MethodsWe investigated the distribution of soil diazotrophic communities from 146 sites along a 3,900‐km south–north transect by sequencing N‐fixing nifH gene amplicons. The relative contributions of environmental variables were assessed using a combination of stepwise multiple regression, variation partitioning analysis, multiple regression on distance matrices and partial least squares path modelling.ResultsOverall, aridity index and temperature were the predominant parameters governing diazotrophic community diversity and structure, mainly through their indirect effects on soil pH, nutrient contents and plant productivity. Although soil multi‐nutrients (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Na, Cu and Zn) were included in the statistical analysis, they still exhibited lower impacts on diazotrophic communities than climate. Intriguingly, the microelement Mo could not explain the diazotrophic community patterns, despite its significance in nitrogenase enzymes. This unexpected phenomenon was attributed to the relatively high Mo supply in our work. Moreover, the distinct responses of diazotroph taxa to climatic factors and large heterogeneity of diazotrophic diversity among forests in different climatic zones further support the dominant role of climatic variation. These results indicate the presence of differentiated climatic niches for diazotrophs, such as warm‐adapted Bradyrhizobium and cool‐adapted Azospirillum.Main conclusionsOur findings suggest for the first time that unlike prior studies, the key roles of soil nutrient limitation (even for Mo) and pH‐dependent mechanisms in small‐scale diazotrophic communities can be surpassed by large‐scale climatic gradients. Future changes in drought severity and temperature might greatly shape diazotrophic distribution and its potential function in forest N2 fixation.
Megafauna extinctions have reduced biotic connectivity worldwide
Authors: Berti Emilio , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimConnectivity among ecosystems is necessary to sustain ecological processes that promote biodiversity, community stability and ecosystem resilience, such as organism and nutrient dispersal. Along with human land use and habitat fragmentation, connectivity can also be affected by faunal changes. Here, we address this issue by studying how human‐driven late Quaternary extinctions and extirpations of terrestrial mammals have affected the movement capacity of assemblages, an estimate of the potential connectivity among ecosystems promoted by wildlife.LocationGlobal.Time periodLate Pleistocene to the Anthropocene.Major taxa studiedAll 4,395 (4,073 extant and 322 extinct) terrestrial mammals alive in the Late Pleistocene.MethodsWe combined macroecological estimates of home range size with range maps of current and natural geographical distributions of species to investigate how human pressure has modified natural movement capacity of terrestrial assemblages and how movement capacity will respond to future extinction and rewilding scenarios.ResultsOur results showed that 74% of average and 83% of maximum movement capacity of Late Pleistocene mammal assemblages has been lost owing to prehistorical and historical extinctions and extirpations. We also found that movement capacity will decrease further if current extinction trajectories are not averted. However, our results showed that current average and maximum movement capacity can be restored to twice their current values under a full rewilding scenario and that average, but not maximum movement capacity, will increase under a conservative rewilding scenario, that is, without restoring the largest megafauna most likely to cause major human–wildlife conflicts.Main conclusionsPrehistorical and historical losses of megafauna have caused severe decreases in movement capacity of mammal assemblages, hence large reductions in ecosystem connectivity. Reintroductions can partly restore biotic connectivity, especially when the largest megafauna are also restored. However, natural levels of movement capacity cannot be recovered fully without including ecological replacements for extinct species in rewilding efforts.
Geriatric nutritional risk index and 100‐m walk achievement predict discharge to home in elderly patients with heart failure
Authors: Shimoyama Shota , Ono Tsuyoshi , Ebihara Satoru 
Published: September 2020

AimThe present study aimed to investigate factors relating to discharge to home of elderly patients with heart failure.MethodAfter applying exclusion criteria and excluding patients with missing data, 110 of 165 elderly patients with heart failure aged at least 75 years admitted to our institution were divided into discharge to home (n = 85) and non‐discharge to home (n = 25) groups. Clinical characteristics, comorbidities, blood test data and echocardiographic data were retrospectively investigated and compared based on patients' medical records. Nutritional status was assessed using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) upon admission and at 2 weeks after admission (2‐week GNRI). Correlations with discharge to home were investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis with discharge to home as the dependent variable and parameters for which significant intergroup differences were observed as explanatory variables, when considering multicollinearity. Ratio scales selected by multiple logistic regression analysis were analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic curve and cut‐off values were calculated.ResultsIndependent factors predicting discharge to home were 100‐m walk achievement (P = 0.037; odds ratio [OR], 3.057; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.418–8.751) and 2‐week GNRI (P = 0.006; OR, 1.083; 95% CI, 1.023–1.146). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for 2‐week GNRI was 0.735 (95% CI, 0.622–0.847) with a cut‐off value for 2‐week GNRI to determine discharge to home of 75.29 (sensitivity, 78.8%; specificity, 60.0%).ConclusionThe present findings suggest that 100‐m walk achievement and 2‐week GNRI may be predictors for discharge to home in elderly patients with heart failure. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 1029–1035..
Acute exacerbation of hepatitis B with hepatic failure during the first trimester of pregnancy: Delivery of a healthy term baby after liver transplantation
Authors: Lee Jin‐Chiao , Li Pei‐Hua , Mok Tze‐Yee , You Shu‐Han , Hung Hao‐Chien , Lee Chen‐Fang , Chou Hong‐Shiue , Lee Wei‐Chen 
Published: September 2020

The severe form of acute exacerbation of hepatitis B during pregnancy is a rare but life‐threatening condition for both the mother and the fetus. A 32‐year‐old pregnant woman at 10 weeks of gestation was diagnosed with acute decompensated liver failure due to acute exacerbation of hepatitis B. The Model for End‐stage Liver Disease score was up to 37. The patient was managed carefully with antiviral treatment, fluid resuscitation, correction of coagulopathy, close monitoring of hepatic function, and regular assessment of the fetus. She was transplanted with a deceased liver at 14 weeks and 1 day of gestation. With careful post‐transplant care and avoidance of medication with risk of miscarriage and teratogenicity, a healthy baby was delivered at 39 weeks and 1 day of gestation. Herein, we report this critical condition of pregnancy that was complicated with liver failure due to acute exacerbation of hepatitis B, but had favorable outcomes for both the mother and the baby after liver transplantation.
‘If we would change things outside we wouldn’t even need to go in…’ supporting recovery via community‐based actions: A focus group study on psychiatric rehospitalization
Authors: Cresswell‐Smith Johanna , Donisi Valeria , Rabbi Laura , Sfetcu Raluca , Šprah Lilijana , Straßmayr Christa , Wahlbeck Kristian , Ådnanes Marian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsychiatric rehospitalization is a complex phenomenon in need of more person‐centred approaches. The current paper aimed to explore how community‐based actions and daily life influence mental health and rehospitalization.Design, setting and participantsThe qualitative study included focus group data from six European countries including 59 participants. Data were thematically analysed following an inductive approach deriving themes and subthemes in relation to facilitators and barriers to mental health.ResultsBarriers consisted of subthemes (financial difficulty, challenging family circumstances and stigma), and facilitators consisted of three subthemes (complementing services, signposting and recovery). The recovery subtheme consisted of a further five categories (family and friends, work and recreation, hope, using mental health experience and meaning).DiscussionBarriers to mental health largely related to social determinants of mental health, which may also have implications for psychiatric rehospitalization. Facilitators included community‐based actions and aspects of daily life with ties to personal recovery. By articulating the value of these facilitators, we highlight benefits of a person‐centred and recovery‐focused approach also within the context of psychiatric rehospitalization.ConclusionsThis paper portrays how person‐centred approaches and day‐to‐day community actions may impact psychiatric rehospitalization via barriers and facilitators, acknowledging the social determinants of mental health and personal recovery.Patient or public contributionThe current study included participants with experience of psychiatric rehospitalization from six different European countries. Furthermore, transcripts were read by several of the focus group participants, and a service user representative participated in the entire research process in the original study.
Post‐exposure prophylaxis in the era of pre‐exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Atim M , Girometti N , Hyndman I , McOwan A , Whitlock G ,   the Dean Street Collaborative Group
Published: September 2020

Objectives56 Dean Street (56DS), a sexual health clinic in London, provides a quarter of England's HIV post‐exposure prophylaxis following sexual exposure (PEPSE). Since the limited introduction of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in 2015, PEPSE demand has fallen.MethodsWe performed a case‐note review of individuals who received PEPSE at 56DS in August 2018.ResultsTwo hundred and forty three PEPSE were given; 97% (236) fitted recommended indications according to UK national guidance. Twenty‐eight (12%) had documented prior PrEP use; the most common reason for not taking PrEP was lack of supply (15/28; 54%). Up to 1st April 2020, of 215 who had not previously used PrEP, 106 (49%) re‐attended 56DS for PrEP initiation.ConclusionsAt 56DS, PEPSE is appropriately given for high‐risk HIV exposures. For those who use PrEP, It is important to support their adherence and ensure adequate supply. As PrEP uptake increases, the need for PEPSE may decrease.
A global comparison of DNA sequences of Pelopidas (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) reveals discordance between morphological and genetic data, and an insular ‘ghost’ population
Authors: Goonesekera Kshanika , Lee Patricia L. M. , Van Der Poorten George , Ranawaka Gaya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Pelopidas are a widely distributed genus of hesperiids ranging from the Afrotropical to Australasia. Based on traditional classification, four species are recorded from Sri Lanka: Pelopidas agna, P. mathias, P. subochracea and P. conjuncta.
The aim is to test the taxonomic hypotheses of the Sri Lankan Pelopidas as they are currently recognised based on morphology. We achieve this by analysing the phylogenetic relationships among the Pelopidas as well as between the Pelopidas and tribe Baorini both inside and outside of Sri Lanka.
We used DNA sequence data from the cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) “barcode” region and two nuclear DNA regions, elongation factor 1‐α (EF1‐α) and wingless (Wgl) collected for Sri Lankan Pelopidas and combined with all available Pelopidas sequence data from public databases.
The reconstructed phylogeny showed that P. mathias, P. agna and P. conjuncta were not monophyletic. Additionally, P. agna in Sri Lanka may now be a hybrid population that retains the P. agna morphology but possesses the mitochondrial DNA of P. mathias (termed a ‘ghost’ population). Finally, two lineages of P. conjuncta were identified in Sri Lanka, appearing more closely related to other species of Pelopidas than to each other.
This study demonstrates the phylogenetic complexity within the Pelopidas and the uniqueness of the Sri Lankan Pelopidas that have not been previously appreciated. This new knowledge is important in planning conservation management and may also guide future work on the potential mechanisms of evolutionary diversification of island butterflies.
Is light pollution driving moth population declines? A review of causal mechanisms across the life cycle
Authors: Boyes Douglas H. , Evans Darren M. , Fox Richard , Parsons Mark S. , Pocock Michael J. O. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The night‐time environment is increasingly being lit, often by broad‐spectrum lighting, and there is growing evidence that artificial light at night (ALAN) has consequences for ecosystems, potentially contributing to declines in insect populations.
Moths are species‐rich, sensitive to ALAN, and have undergone declines in Europe, making them the ideal group for investigating the impacts of light pollution on nocturnal insects more broadly. Here, we take a life cycle approach to review the impacts of ALAN on moths, drawing on a range of disciplines including ecology, physiology, and applied entomology.
We find evidence of diverse impacts across most life stages and key behaviours. Many studies have examined flight‐to‐light behaviour in adults and our meta‐analysis found that mercury vapour, metal halide, and compact fluorescent bulbs induce this more than LED and sodium lamps. However, we found that ALAN can also disrupt reproduction, larval development, and pupal diapause, with likely negative impacts on individual fitness, and that moths can be indirectly affected via hostplants and predators. These findings indicate that ALAN could also affect day‐flying insects through impacts on earlier life stages.
Overall, we found strong evidence for effects of artificial light on moth behaviour and physiology, but little rigorous, direct evidence that this scales up to impacts on populations. Crucially, there is a need to determine the potential contribution of ALAN to insect declines, relative to other drivers of change. In the meantime, we recommend precautionary strategies to mitigate possible negative effects of ALAN on insect populations.
A laboratory study to detect simulated pulpal blood flow in extracted human teeth using ultrasound Doppler flowmetry
Authors: Yoon M. J. , Kim D. H. , Jung I. Y. , Park S. H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo develop a laboratory‐based tooth model of simulated blood flow in teeth and evaluate it using ultrasound Doppler flowmetry (UDF).MethodologyA laboratory‐based tooth model for UDF was created based on a microfluidic experimental model proposed by Kim & Park (2016 a,b). Twenty‐one maxillary or mandibular anterior human teeth within 1 month of extraction were used. Four holes were made in each tooth to fit 1.6‐mm diameter polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubes: at the apical foramen, palatal surface in the centre of the crown, palatal surface apical to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the root centre. Fluid mimicking pulsating blood was pumped (pressure range: 0–200 mbar, flow rate range: 0–80 μL min−1) into the apical foramen via the PTFE tubes, which exited the tooth through the palatal surface in the centre of the crown (control group), palatal surface below the CEJ (group 1) and the palatal surface at the mid‐root level (group 2). An UDF transducer of 20 MHz was placed at a 60° angle to the labial surface of tooth and was used to measure the fluid flow velocity (Vs, Vas, Vm, Vam, Vd, Vad and Vakd). The flow velocity of the different groups was compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, with a 95% confidence level.ResultsUDF facilitated the detection of the simulated pulpal blood flow in the control group and group 1, but not in group 2. The mean and standard deviations of Vas, Vam and Vakd were 0.921 ± 0.394, 0.479 ± 0.208 and 0.396 ± 0.220 cm s−1, respectively, in the control group, and 0.865 ± 0.368, 0.424 ± 0.215 and 0.487 ± 0.279 cm s−1, respectively, in group 1. The pulpal blood flow values of the control group and group 1 were not significantly different (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThis laboratory study revealed that ultrasound Doppler flowmetry enabled the detection of simulated blood flow below the level of the CEJ but not at the mid‐root level.
MiR‐484 suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion and induced apoptosis of gastric cancer via targeting CCL‐18
Authors: Liu Jin , Li Shi Meng 
Published: September 2020

SummaryGastric cancer is a common and high‐incidence malignant gastro‐intestinal cancer that seriously threatens human life. Evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in regulating the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, but the possible mechanisms and effects remain to be further explored. In the present study, a new tumour suppresser function of miR‐484 was identified in gastric cancer. The expression of miR‐484 was obviously decreased, and the expression of CCL‐18 was obviously increased in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. In addition, upregulation of miR‐484 suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and cell apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Besides, miR‐484 mimics could block the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Moreover, CCL‐18 was confirmed as a direct target of miR‐484 by binding its 3′‐UTR, and over‐expression of CCL‐18 could restore the effects of miR‐484 on the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer. Finally, in vivo experiments showed that over‐expression of miR‐484 inhibited the subcutaneous tumorigenicity of gastric cancer cells, and the inhibition was blocked after over‐expression of CCL‐18. To conclude, miR‐484 expression was downregulated in gastric cancer tissues and cells and played an anti‐cancer role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, which may be achieved by inhibiting the expression of transcription factor CCL‐18 and blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Indomethacin can induce cell death in rat gastric parietal cells through alteration of some apoptosis‐ and autophagy‐associated molecules
Authors: Gebril Sahar M. , Ito Yuko , Shibata Masa‐Aki , Maemura Kentaro , Abu‐Dief Eman E. , Hussein Mahmoud R. A. , Abdelaal Usama M. , Elsayed Hoda M. , Otsuki Yoshinori , Higuchi Kazuhide 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn clinical medicine, indomethacin (IND, a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug) is used variously in the treatment of severe osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis. A common complication found alongside the therapeutic characteristics is gastric mucosal damage. This complication is mediated through apoptosis and autophagy of the gastrointestinal mucosal epithelium. Apoptosis and autophagy are critical homeostatic pathways catalysed by caspases downstream of the gastrointestinal mucosal epithelial injury. Both act through molecular signalling pathways characterized by the initiation, mediation, execution and regulation of the cell regulatory cycle. In this study we hypothesized that dysregulated apoptosis and autophagy are associated with IND‐induced gastric damage. We examined the spectra of in vivo experimental gastric ulcers in male Sprague‐Dawley rats through gastric gavage of IND. Following an 18‐hour fast, IND was administered to experimental rats. They were sacrificed at 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐hour intervals. Parietal cells (H+, K+‐ATPase β‐subunit assay) and apoptosis (TUNEL assay) were determined. The expression of apoptosis‐signalling caspase (caspases 3, 8, 9 and 12), DNA damage (anti–phospho‐histone H2A.X) and autophagy (MAP‐LC3, LAMP‐1 and cathepsin B)‐related molecules in gastric mucosal cells was examined. The administration of IND was associated with gastric mucosal erosions and ulcerations mainly involving the gastric parietal cells (PCs) of the isthmic and upper neck regions and a time‐dependent gradual increase in the number of apoptotic PCs with the induction of both apoptotic (upregulation of caspases 3 and 8) cell death and autophagic (MAP‐LC3‐II, LAMP‐1 and cathepsin B) cell death. Autophagy induced by fasting and IND 3 hours initially prompted the degradation of caspase 8. After 6 and 12 hours, damping down of autophagic activity occurred, resulting in the upregulation of active caspase 8 and its nuclear translocation. In conclusion we report that IND can induce time‐dependent apoptotic and autophagic cell death of PCs. Our study provides the first indication of the interactions between these two homeostatic pathways in this context.