bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Approach and Non-Uniqueness of Polymer Coreflood History Match and Field-Scale Forecasts
Authors: Al-Rawahi Hamza , Delshad Mojdeh , Sepehrnoori Kamy , Al-Kindy Abdullah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work investigates the implications of propagating the uncertainty and non-uniqueness of fitting experimental data into the forecast of field implementation of polymer flooding. This research sets the foundation for developing a general framework for modelling and probabilistic performance forecast of chemical flooding.
History-matching of polymer coreflood results is posed as a bi-level optimization problem that solves for true waterflood residual oil saturation (Sorw,∞) in the upper level and the relative permeability curves (exponents and endpoints of Corey function) and polymer adsorption parameters in the lower level under two different physical interpretations of the difference between remaining oil saturation after waterflood (Sorw) and that after polymer flood (Sorp): Displacement Efficiency Interpretation(Sorp ≥ Sorw,∞) solely attributes the significant difference between Sorw and Sorp to improved displacement efficiency.Viscous Fingering Interpretation (Sorp ≤ Sorw,∞) considers viscous fingering during waterflood.
A range of Sorw,∞ values has been identified for each model based on satisfying cut-off error criteria. For each Sorw,∞ value, dependent parameters are obtained and used in a simplified forecast of field performance in a quarter-five spot well pattern. The inverse of the error within acceptable range was used as probability density function (pdf) for Sorw,∞ which, combined with forecast results, enabled calculating P10, P50, and P90 of Sorw,∞, recovery factor, and economic metric (i.e. cumulative discounted revenue).
The probabilistic forecast results show that the viscous fingering interpretation is more reliable as it generates a forecast with less uncertainty. The impact of model selection and non-uniqueness of fitting lab data on the quantified uncertainty associated with field forecast is demonstrated and the premise of developing a bi-level optimization framework for modeling and probabilistic forecast of chemical flooding processes is supported by the findings of the study.
In this work a novel iterative tangents construction technique that considers the inter-dependence between retardation factor due to adsorption and polymer shock saturation is used along with a mechanistic form of fractional flow curves that includes shear-thinning and effective viscous fingering effects. The analytical solution was verified against fine-grid simulation and the two solutions were nearly identical while the former is several orders of magnitude faster enabling extensive investigation of the range of parameters that match the coreflood results and forecast uncertainty under different technical and economic considerations.
High-Performance Electrostatic Coalescer – A Novel Technology for Improving the Economics of Oil-Water Separation
Authors: Ismail A. S. , Menchaca A. E. , Balk W.. , Akdim M. R. , Less S.. , Oshinowo L.. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Crude oil dehydration is one of the first, most important and challenging steps in oil production and processing. To achieve rapid and energy-optimized demulsification of water-in-oil emulsions, Saudi Aramco and TechnipFMC have jointly developed a high performance electrostatic coalescence technology. This paper discusses the performance test results of this technology.
Physical separation of emulsified water from produced crude oil is challenging due to the small water droplets, presence of surfactants covering the water droplets that inhibit the otherwise natural coalescence process, as well as the high viscosity of the continuous phase and the narrow density difference between oil and water in the mixture. Conventional mechanical and thermal methods are proven for viscosity reduction and efficient separation, but they also require high capital expenditure and large footprint. Deploying conventional electrostatic coalescers for demulsification proves to be uneconomic at remote locations. Chemical methods, namely the injection of chemical demulsifiers to dissolve the above mentioned surfactants, is expensive and makes the production process highly dependent on the supply of such chemicals, which can be affected by geo-economical as well as environmental circumstances.
In this paper the performance results from tests conducted jointly between TechnipFMC and Saudi Aramco using the compact high performance electrostatic coalescer (HPEC) technology are presented. The HPEC was tested successfully on an Arab Medium crude oil under different process conditions, including different temperatures, electric field strengths, and two geometrical configurations of the electrostatic cell internal features. The study results demonstrate the rapidity and effectiveness of the HPEC in destabilizing Arab Medium crude oil emulsions.
Surfactant Formulation for Foam Mobility Control and Gas Shut-Off in Harsh Operational and Reservoir Conditions
Authors: Cui Leyu , Salabert Géraldine , Di-Costanzo Océane , Dur Christian , Passade-Boupat Nicolas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Surfactants in literature have been reviewed and evaluated as foaming agents, but few of them fit our harsh operational and reservoir conditions. Therefore, surfactant formulations were tuned with guide of micelle electrostatic model and Winsor type phase behavior. The novel formulations are compatible with high temperature (94 ℃) and wide salinity (50 - 290 g/L). Moreover, one of the formulations can generate relatively weak foam at high residual oil saturation (Sor), but strong foam at low Sor. This auto-selection of foam by Sor allows to block the swept and clean zone, but not lockdown the virgin oil reserve and flooding front. At the end of foam flooding, almost 100% residual oil was recovered. Additionally, the operational conditions, such as injecting brines, anti-corrosions, demulsifiers, etc., are often subjected to be changed. Therefore, a rapid bulk-foam test is proposed to re-verify the compatibility of the formulation with the new operational condition.
The Innovative Production Enhancement Strategy of using High GOR Crude in HP/HT Reservoir to Lift Upper Reservoirs’ Production, Case Study in Iraq
Authors: Tang Xueqing , Cheng Zhongliang , Wang Ruifeng , Lu Hui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Halfaya oilfield in Iraq, discovered in 1976, contains multiple vertically stacked reservoirs. Currently main oil reservoirs are under primary development. The remaining deepest high GOR, HP/HT carbonate reservoir with original pressure gradient of 0.867 psi/ft has been drilled, tested, but undeveloped. An innovative production strategy has been put forward highlighting that high GOR crude can be injected into the upper oil reservoirs with partially pressure depletion, as energy-conservation measure, in view of its high wellhead pressure and good productivity during drill stem tests, therefore to achieve production enhancement and synergy among reservoirs.
In-house studies indicate high GOR crude can be miscible with all oils from eight zones. Field results show that injection processes can bring dead wells back production, yielding the prolific output. Also, water cut can be reduced immediately and field water cut rising trend can be mitigated.
The innovative injection processes are illustrated as follows:
New development wells should be deployed at updip positions to penetrate the all the hydrocarbon reservoirs with the thick pay. Run tubing string with packer. Packer is used for isolation of upper oil zones and HP/HT environment. Huff and puff process. After perforation, high GOR crude travels up the tubing string, via surface choke and a manifold with flow meter, then enter the annulus. Choke regulates the injection rate. For low-permeability (&lt;0.1md) carbonate reservoir, e.g., Sadi reservoir, huff and puff processes are applied post multistage fracturing treatment. High GOR flood is preferred in majorly producing reservoirs with high productivity and relatively low GOR, e.g. Mishrif reservoir. Injected high GOR crude (API=32.7) can dilute remaining oil (API=19.1-23.0), reduce its viscosity, and therefore achieve production enhancement. During primary development, asphaltene deposit occurred and chemical inhibitor has been applied. After oil blending, the risk of asphaltene deposit could be minimized. First perforate lower-pressure oil zones and then open the HP/HT zone for work safety.
The production enhancement strategy and processes in this paper could be of strong reference value to similar stacked reservoirs.
Exploiting the Presence of Leaky Subsurface Transmission Lines to Locate Oil Banks
Authors: Felix Servin Jesus Manuel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Subsurface waveguides and transmission lines are often considered a challenge to surface seismic and electromagnetic (EM) because they channel energy away from the area of interest. That same property can be used to increase the range of investigation in cross-hole EM surveys. This study describes an approach that exploits subsurface transmission lines to locate oil banks in hydrocarbon reservoirs.
3D EM numerical simulations in the time domain were conducted to demonstrate that EM signals propagated through leaky transmission lines in the form of a resistive layer bounded by hydrocarbon reservoirs are affected by the fluid saturation of the reservoirs. In addition, oil banks of different sizes were placed in the bottom reservoir along the path between the wellbores to investigate their effect on the received signal. The travel time and amplitude of the received signal was compared for multiple scenarios and subsurface conditions.
The results confirm that changes in the saturation of the bounding reservoirs have an effect on the received signal. A decrease in water saturation results in a significant reduction in signal amplitude. A shift of the waveform toward the left is also observed as water saturation decreases. In addition, we prove that our approach is sensitive to the presence of oil banks in swept reservoirs. When both reservoirs are water-saturated, including an oil bank in the bottom reservoir decreases signal amplitude and shifts the waveform toward the left. These effects increase with the length of the oil bank but are noticeable for features smaller than one wavelength. However, little to no sensitivity was observed for the location of the bank. Meaning that, for a given length, it would be challenging to determine where the bank is because different locations yield the same waveform.
This study confirms that EM signals propagating through leaky transmission lines are affected by the EM properties and thus saturation changes of the bounding layers. In the case of resistive seals bounded by hydrocarbon reservoirs this means that, the received waveform will depend on the saturation of the bounding reservoirs. Moreover, we have demonstrated that our approach has potential to locate oil banks in swept reservoirs. Our results present a potentially new research direction in the area of oil reservoir monitoring and add valuable knowledge towards our understanding of how naturally occurring waveguides and transmission lines can be used to improve subsurface characterization.
The effect of anti-cancer and anti-tuberculosis treatments in lung cancer patients with active tuberculosis: a retrospective analysis
Authors: CHAI MEI , Shi Qingming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Lung tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer have a complex relationship. Data concerning TB treatment in lung cancer patients are still incomplete. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of anti-cancer and anti-tuberculosis treatments in lung cancer patients with active lung TB. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, lung cancer patients with active lung TB were identified between January 2013 and December 2016. Age- and sex-matched lung cancer patients without tuberculosis were selected as control subjects. Anti-cancer and anti-tuberculosis treatments were administered according to the national guidelines. The clinical courses and responses of lung cancer patients with and without active lung TB were examined and compared. Results: A total of 31 consecutive lung cancer patients were diagnosed with active lung TB. Fifty-one lung cancer patients without TB were enrolled as control subjects. Most patients in the two groups were elderly, had advanced non-small cell lung cancer and had tumor burdens. The anti-cancer treatment completion rate and response rate were not different between two group (87.1% in TB treatment patients vs. 92.2% in lung cancer patients; 77.4% in TB treatment patients vs. 88.2% in lung cancer patients, respectively). The anti-tuberculosis treatment completion rate and success rate was 87.1% and 80.7%. The median survival times were not different between two groups (52 weeks in TB treatment patients vs. 57 weeks in lung cancer patients). The change in Karnofsky performance score was also not different between two groups. The most common side effect in TB treatment patients was liver injury (61.3%). The most serious side effect in TB treatment patients was leukocyte deficiency (9.7% in Grade 3). Both of side effects mentioned above were not different between two groups. Conclusion: Both anti-cancer and anti-tuberculosis treatments can be safely and effectively administered in lung cancer patients with active lung TB. Attention should be paid to the risk of tuberculosis in lung cancer patients in TB high-burden countries. Keywords Lung cancer, tuberculosis, prognosis.
Subjective sleep quality and association with depression syndrome, chronic diseases and health-related physical fitness in the middle-aged and elderly
Authors: Hsu Min-Fang , Lee Kang-Yun , Lin Tsung-Ching , Liu Wen-Te , Ho Shu-Chuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: As a complex phenomenon, sleep quality is difficult to objectively define and measure, and multiple factors related to sleep quality, such as age, lifestyle, physical activity, and physical fitness, feature prominently in older adult populations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate subjective sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and to associate sleep quality with health-related physical fitness factors, depressive symptoms, and the number of chronic diseases in the middle-aged and elderly.Methods: We enrolled a total of 283 middle-aged and elderly participants from a rehabilitation clinic or health examination department. The PSQI was used to evaluate sleep quality. The health-related fitness assessment included anthropometric and physical fitness parameters. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) short form. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18.0, and descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used for the analyses.Results: Overall, 27.9% of participants in this study demonstrated poor sleep quality (with a PSQI score of >5), 10.2% of study participants frequently used sleep medication to help them fall asleep, and 6.0% reported having significant depressive symptoms (with a CES-D score of ≥10). There are two major findings: (1) depression symptoms, the number of chronic diseases, self-rated health, and arthritis were significantly associated with a poor sleep quality, and (2) the 2-min step test was associated with longer sleep latency. These results confirmed that the 2-min step was associated with a longer sleep latency among the health-related physical fitness items.Conclusions: Our study found that depressive syndrome, chronic disease numbers, a poor self-rated health status, and arthritis were the main risk factors that influenced subjective sleep quality.
Adolescent access to health services in fragile and conflict-affected contexts: the case of the Gaza Strip
Authors: Hamad Bassam Abu , Jones Nicola , Gercama Ingrid 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Enjoyment of physical and mental health is not only recognized as a human right but also as an integral part of development, as reflected in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 – to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. The rapid physical, psychosocial and behavioural changes that take place during adolescence have a strong influence on the rest of a person’s life course, so investments in adolescent health services constitute a unique opportunity to reap lifelong and inter-generational dividends. Yet the evidence base on adolescents’ access to health services, particularly in conflict-affected contexts, remains thin. This article explores adolescents’ access to health services in the Gaza Strip, and their experiences and perceptions of those services. Methods: The article draws on mixed-methods research in the Gaza Strip in 2016 and 2017 involving 240 adolescents and 65 service providers, combining a QuickTapSurvey,™ key informant interviews, peer-to-peer research and individual in-depth interviews. Results: The findings underscore that gender norms—especially those pertaining to adolescent girls’ sexual purity––shape adolescent health in multiple ways. Girls face increasing restrictions on their mobility and social interactions, leaving them with limited opportunities for leisure or exercise, socializing with peers or seeking health (including mental health) services. Adolescent boys in Gaza do not face the same restrictions, but given the multiple political, economic and familial stressors, they are at high risk of substance abuse and involvement in peer violence. Moreover, our findings suggest that a range of socioeconomic, cultural and structural barriers prevent adolescents in Gaza from accessing quality and appropriate health care. Study participants cited the main challenges as an absence of preventive adolescent health initiatives and limited information on sexual and reproductive health, as well as drug shortages, high treatment costs, and negative interactions with service providers. Conclusions: The article highlights the importance of (1) designing and implementing conflict-sensitive and age- and gender-appropriate adolescent services and information; (2) promoting preventive services targeted at adolescents; and (3) improving service provider awareness of adolescents’ specific health needs in all contexts.
Comparison of Open and Intracorporeal Modified Ureterosigmoidostomy (Mainz Ⅱ) After Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy with Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zheng Duo , Liu Junyao , Wu Gongjin , Yang Shujun , Luo Chuang , Du Tianci , Luo Yao , Bao Junsheng , Tian Junqiang , Wang Zhiping , Shang Panfeng , Yue Zhongjin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To compare perioperative and oncologic outcomes of open modified ureterosigmoidostomy urinary diversion (OMUUD) and intracorporeal modified ureterosigmoidostomy urinary diversion (IMUUD) following laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC).Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our single institutional collected database patients undergoing LRC from October 2011 to October 2019.The perioperative characteristics were compared between OMUUD and IMUUD, and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Overall 84 patients were included. OMUUD and IMUUD were performed in 63 (75%) and 21 (25%) patients respectively. IMUUD patients demonstrated shorter postoperative length of stay (16.24±3.91 d vs. 18.98±7.41 d, P=0.033), similar operation time (498.57±121.44 vs. 462.24±99.71, P=0.175), similar estimated blood loss ［400(200-475) ml vs. 400(200-700) ml, P=0.095］,similar overall complication rate within 30-d (19.05% vs. 25.40%, P=0.848) and 90-d (23.81% vs. 17.46%, P=0.748). Complete urinary control rate of 87.3% (55/63) at OMUUD group. In IMUUD with a complete urinary control rate of 90.5% (19/21).There was no significant in OS (χ2=0.015, P=0.901) and PFS (χ2=0.107, P=0.743) between two groups.Conclusion: IMUUD postoperative recovery is faster, other perioperative outcomes and oncology results are not significantly different with OMUUD. It is indicated that IMUUD can be utilized safely and effectively in the urinary diversion after LRC.
Water-promoted Synthesis of Stereoselective Oxazoline-fused Saccharides and Construction for 1, 2-cis Glycosylamines of Multi-modifications of Polyhydroxyl groups
Authors: Dong Sanfeng , Zhao Yitian , Shi Yulong , Xu Zhijian , Shen Jingshan , Jia Qi , Li Yiming , Chen Kaixian , Li Bo , Zhu Weiliang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The multi-modifications of polyhydroxyl groups and the stereoselective formation of 1,2-cis glycosidic bonds are difficult in glycochemistry. Herein we disclosed a concise synthesis of the oxazoline-fused saccharides (oxazolinoses) from acetyl saccharides and benzonitriles under acidic conditions promoted by the stoichiometric water. The oxazolinoses can be easily converted into 1,2-cis glycosylamines with differentiated modifications at 2,3-positions on the saccharide ring in few steps and the 1-NH2 can further be simply transformed to the 1-OH. Oxazolinoses can also be directly used to synthesize complex chiral molecules such as schisandrins. Saccharides screening have shown that the oxazolinoses could be synthesized from various monosaccharides and oligosaccharides. Accordingly, 1-α- or 1-β-1,2-cis glycosylamines can be obtained from different oxazolinoses which are 1,2-cis stereoselectivity controlled by neighboring group participation. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations have revealed the origin of the stereoselectivity and the key role of water.
The Impact of Rheohaemapheresis on the Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9 (PCSK9) in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Blaha Vladimír , Langrová Hana , Blaha Milan , Studnička Jan , Stěpanov Alexander , Andrýs Ctirad , Loefflerová Veronika , Lánská Miriam , Vejražková Eva , Dulíček Petr 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive chronic disease with resulting visual impairment or even blindness with limited therapeutic options. Because hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for AMD development we investigated long-term effects of rheohaemapheresis in the dry form of age-related macular degeneration on the lipid related parameters including PCSK9.Methods. This study evaluates 31 patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), treated with rheohaemapheresis. The followed-up period was 7 years. Average age was 69.1 ± 4.9 years. Each treated patient received a series of 8 sessions of rheohaemapheresis. 2 additional procedures within 1-week procedures were performed to boost the effect after the 2-year period. We measured the drusenoid pigment epithelium detachment (DPED), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), electroretinography (ERG), lipid, inflammatory, endothelial dysfunction and rheologically important parameters. Results. Rheohaemapheresis treatment in AMD patients was associated with a significant decrease of total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, apoprotein B, and lipoprotein (a) levels, biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction (CD40L, MCP-1) and rheologically important parameters, and serum PCSK9 (P<0.001). The patients were further divided into 2 groups based on the ophtalmological examination. Successfully treated patients (n=10, with at least a 5-year follow-up) had significantly lower baseline LDL-C and ApoB (P<0.05) and their serum PCSK9 significantly decreased after rheohaemapheresis (P<0.001) in comparison to the patients where treatment failured (n=4). Conclusion. Over the long term, rheohaemapheresis reduced the DPED, improved the function of photoreceptors, and prevented the decline of BCVA. BCVA improvement was accompanied by lowering of LDL-C and PCSK9 and improvement of endothelial dysfunction. We suggest that rheohaemapheresis and other novel anti-PCSK9 therapies may be used synergistically to reduce severity, slow down or even induce regression of AMD.