bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terahertz wave radiation from mutually injection locked multi‐element graphene nanoribbon avalanche transit time sources
Authors: Acharyya Aritra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMutual injection locking of multi‐element graphene nanoribbon impact avalanche transit time (G‐IMPATT) sources designed to operate at different millimeter‐wave (mm‐wave) and terahertz frequencies has been studied. Planar circuit is used for implementing the mutual injection locking between adjacent elements of the source operating in parallel‐connected‐power‐combined mode. The static, high frequency and noise simulations of the proposed sources have been carried out by using in‐house simulation codes based on self‐consistent quantum drift‐diffusion model. Results show that mutual injection locking between the adjacent elements forced the sources to oscillate nearly at a single frequency even if significantly high degree of mismatch is present among the elements of the multi‐element oscillators. A minor amount of reduction in power out and insignificant deterioration in the noise performance of the multi‐element G‐IMPATT oscillators have been observed due to the presence of mutual injection locking between the adjacent elements.
Changes in knee adduction moment wearing a variable‐stiffness shoe correlate with changes in pain and mechanically stimulated cartilage oligomeric matrix levels
Authors: Erhart‐Hledik Jennifer C. , Mahtani Gordhan B. , Asay Jessica L. , Migliore Eleonora , Nguyen Michelle M. , Andriacchi Thomas P. , Chu Constance R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to determine if changes in knee adduction moment (KAM) after 6 months of variable‐stiffness shoe wear are associated with changes in symptoms or serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) following a mechanical stimulus in subjects with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA). Twenty‐five subjects were enrolled in the study and assigned a variable‐stiffness shoe, and 19 subjects completed the 6‐month follow‐up. At baseline and follow‐up subjects underwent gait analysis in control and variable‐stiffness shoes, completed Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) questionnaires, and serum COMP concentrations were measured immediately before, 3.5 and 5.5 hours after a 30‐minute walking activity. Relationships between changes in KAM (first peak and impulse) and changes in (a) COMP levels in response to the 30‐minute walking activity and (b) WOMAC scores from baseline to 6‐month follow‐up were assessed by Pearson correlation coefficients. Changes in first peak KAM were associated with changes in COMP levels 5.5 hours postactivity from baseline to follow‐up (R = .564, P = .045). Subjects with greater reductions in KAM had larger decreases in COMP (expressed as a percent of preactivity levels) at follow‐up. Subjects with greater reductions in KAM impulse had significantly greater improvements in WOMAC Pain (R = −.56, P = .015) and Function (R = −.52, P = .028) scores at follow‐up. The study results demonstrated the magnitude of reduction in the KAM wearing a variable‐stiffness shoe is associated with decreases in mechanically stimulated COMP levels and pain/function. This work suggests that interactions between COMP and joint loading during walking should be further investigated in future studies of treatment outcomes in OA.
Reconnaissance scale mapping of salinity in three‐dimensions using EM38 and EM34 data and inversion modelling
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhao Xueyu , Zhao Dongxue , Arshad Maryem , Zare Ehsan , Triantafilis John 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn irrigated areas, the spectre of soil salinisation is ever‐present. To obtain baseline data to map salt, or the soil electrical conductivity of a saturated soil paste extract (ECe, dS m−1), we use electromagnetic (EM) data from a survey of EM38 and EM34 data with EM inversion software (EM4Soil). This is because the collected apparent electrical conductivity (ECa, mS m−1) can be inverted to estimate true electrical conductivity (σ, mS m−1) and correlated with ECe. To do this we use a quasi‐two dimensional (Q‐2D) model along a pseudo‐transect, which includes seven soil sample locations, to make a linear regression (LR) calibration between σ and ECe (i.e., ECe = 0.0122 × σ − 0.0535 [R2 = .71]). From the joint inversion of interpolated EM38 and EM34 ECa across 40,000 ha, a quasi‐three dimensional (Q‐3D) model was then used to predict ECe. The model was validated using 30 soil sample locations scattered across the area. The agreement between predicted and measured ECe was moderate (Lin's concordance = 0.59) and conclude that useful information on a reconnaissance scale can be obtained and indicates where more detailed information may be collected to confirm areas of moderate salinity. To better predict ECe, more ECa could be collected on smaller grid spacings (i.e., 0.5 km and 1 km in irrigated and dryland areas, respectively). To improve resolving depth of ECe we recommend including ECa from a single‐frequency multiple‐coil array DUALEM‐421.
National comparisons of early career researchers' scholarly communication attitudes and behaviours
Authors: Jamali Hamid R. , Nicholas David , Herman Eti , Boukacem‐Zeghmouri Cherifa , Abrizah Abdullah , Rodríguez‐Bravo Blanca , Xu Jie , Świgon’ Marzena , Polezhaeva Tatiana , Watkinson Anthony 
Published: June 2020

The paper compares the scholarly communication attitudes and practices of early career researchers (ECRs) in eight countries concerning discovery, reading, publishing, authorship, open access, and social media. The data are taken from the most recent investigation in the 4‐year‐long Harbingers project. A survey was undertaken to establish whether the scholarly communication behaviours of the new wave of researchers are uniform, progressing, or changing in the same overall direction or whether they are impacted significantly by national and cultural differences. A multilingual questionnaire hosted on SurveyMonkey was distributed in 2019 via social media networks of researchers, academic publishers, and key ECR platforms in the UK, USA, France, China, Spain, Russia, Malaysia, and Poland. Over a thousand responses were obtained, and the main findings are that there is a significant degree of diversity in terms of scholarly communication attitudes and practices of ECRs from the various countries represented in the study, which cannot be solely explained by the different make‐up of the samples. China, Russia, France, and Malaysia were more likely to be different in respect to a scholarly activity, and responses from the UK and USA were relatively similar.Key points
ECRs from China, Russia, France, and Malaysia are more likely to hold different (although moderate) views in respect to a scholarly activity.
ECRs from the UK and USA are similar in many respects, including being positive towards open science and relying less on external factors (impact factor or number of download) for their decision to read a paper.
French ECRs appear not to want to do, abide, or follow anything novel or innovative and are very critical of scholarly developments.
Spanish ECRs are innovative and more positive about publishing open access (OA), while Chinese ECRs are somewhat conservative as they are less likely to publish in OA
Chinese ECRs are the highest users of social media for testing and conducting research but least likely to use it to share their reputations or build reputations.
Phenotypic spectrum and antialbuminuric response to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker therapy in pediatric Dent disease
Authors: Deng Haiyue , Zhang Yanqin , Xiao Huijie , Yao Yong , Zhang Hongwen , Liu Xiaoyu , Su Baige , Guan Na , Zhong Xuhui , Wang Suxia , Ding Jie , Wang Fang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo characterize the phenotypic spectrum and assess the antialbuminuric response to angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and/or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy in a cohort of children with Dent disease.MethodsThe patients’ clinical findings, renal biopsy results, genetic and follow‐up data were analyzed retrospectively. Mutations in CLCN5 or OCRL were detected by next‐generation sequencing or Sanger sequencing.ResultsOf 31 Dent disease boys, 24 carried CLCN5 and 7 carried OCRL mutations. Low molecular weight proteinuria and albuminuria were detected in all cases. Nephrotic‐range proteinuria and severe albuminuria were identified in 52% and 62% of cases, respectively; by 7 years of age, 6 patients had hematuria and nephrotic‐range proteinuria, and 7 patients had hematuria and moderate to severe albuminuria. In addition to disease‐related renal features, patients with Dent‐1 disease also presented with congenital cataract (1/9) and developmental delay (2/7). Seventeen of 31 patients underwent renal biopsy. Glomerular changes included mild glomerular lesions, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and focal segmental glomerular sclerosis. Thirteen of the 31 patients had follow‐up records and received ACE inhibitor and/or ARB treatment for more than 3 months. After a median 1.7 (range 0.3–8.5) years of treatment, a reduction in the urinary microalbumin‐to‐creatinine ratio was observed in 54% of children.ConclusionsHematuria with nephrotic‐range proteinuria or moderate to severe albuminuria was common in Dent disease patients. Extrarenal manifestations were observed in Dent‐1 patients, which extends the phenotypic spectrum. In addition, ACE inhibitors and ARBs are well tolerated, and they are partially effective in controlling albuminuria.
Reverse‐flow latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in a multi‐step approach for complex back defect reconstruction: A case report
Authors: Menichini Giulio , Lucattelli Elena , Innocenti Alessandro , Brogi Mattia , Cipriani Federico , Innocenti Marco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReconstruction of complex back defects is challenging for reconstructive surgeons, as it should preserve function, provide adequate coverage, and minimize morbidity. We present a case of multiple‐step reconstruction after resection of a large squamous cell carcinoma recurrence in a 68‐year‐old man, with local perforator flaps and a reverse‐flow latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. After radical excision, four propeller perforator flaps were harvested to cover a 30 × 25 cm defect, based on the dorsal branch of the fifth posterior intercostal arteries (right 20 × 9 cm, left 17 × 9 cm) and on the superior gluteal arteries (right 20 × 11 cm, left 21 × 12 cm) bilaterally. In the second step, bilateral propeller perforator flaps based on the fourth lumbar arteries (right 18 × 13 cm, left 23 × 11 cm) were transposed to cover the residual loss of tissues. After 5 months, a recurrence occurred on the left midback. A wide en bloc excision of the last three ribs and pulmonary pleura was performed, and the synthetic mesh used for thoracic wall reconstruction was covered with an ipsilateral 20 × 10 cm reverse‐flow latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap based on the serratus anterior branch. All the flaps healed uneventfully and there were no donor‐site complications. Two years postoperatively, the patient had a cosmetically acceptable result without any functional impairment. The reverse‐flow latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap can represent a salvage procedure in back complex defects reconstruction, especially when other local flaps have already been harvested in previous reconstructive procedures.
Glycerophospholipid profile alterations are associated with murine muscle‐wasting phenotype
Authors: Senoo Nanami , Miyoshi Noriyuki , Kobayashi Eri , Morita Akihito , Tanihata Jun , Takeda Shin'ichi , Miura Shinji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionPhospholipids are essential components of cellular membranes and are closely associated with cellular functions, but relationships involving skeletal muscle phospholipid profiles and their physiological phenotypes have remained unclear.MethodsWe carried out comprehensive phospholipid analyses using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to determine the phospholipid profiles of skeletal muscles derived from muscle‐wasting mouse models, including denervated and Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse models (mdx) as well as rescued mdx mice expressing truncated dystrophin.ResultsConsistent phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine alterations in skeletal muscles isolated from denervated and mdx mice were observed. Notably, the levels of these phospholipids binding polyunsaturated fatty acids were reduced in denervated and mdx muscles. Moreover, rescuing the mdx pathology by expressing truncated dystrophin led to the restoration of phospholipid profiles.DiscussionOur findings support the hypothesis that phospholipid profiles of the skeletal muscle may be associated with skeletal muscle function.
On the effective conductivity and the apparent viscosity of a thin rough polymer interface using PGD‐based separated representations
Authors: Ammar Amine , Ghnatios Chady , Delplace Frank , Barasinski Anais , Duval Jean‐Louis , Cueto Elías , Chinesta Francisco 
Published: June 2020

SummaryComposite manufacturing processes usually proceed from preimpregnated preforms that are consolidated by simultaneously applying heat and pressure, so as to ensure a perfect contact compulsory for making molecular diffusion possible. However, in practice, the contact is rarely perfect. This results in a rough interface where air could remain entrapped, thus affecting the effective thermal conductivity. Moreover, the interfacial melted polymer is squeezed flowing in the rough gap created by the fibers located on the prepreg surfaces. Because of the typical dimensions of a composite prepreg, with thickness orders of magnitude smaller than its other in‐plane dimensions, and its surface roughness having a characteristic size orders of magnitude smaller than the prepreg thickness, high‐fidelity numerical simulations for elucidating the impact of surface and interface roughness remain today, despite the impressive advances in computational availabilities, unattainable. This work aims at elucidating roughness impact on heat conduction and the effective viscosity of the interfacial polymer squeeze flow by using an advanced numerical strategy able to reach resolutions never attained until now, a sort of numerical microscope able to attain the scale of the smallest geometrical detail.
Conservationists' perspectives on poverty: An empirical study
Authors: Fisher Janet A. , Dhungana Hari , Duffy Janine , He Jun , Inturias Mirna , Lehmann Ina , Martin Adrian , Mwayafu David M. , Rodríguez Iokiñe , Schneider Helen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Biodiversity conservation interventions have long confronted challenges of human poverty. The ethical foundations of international conservation, including conservation's relationship with poverty, are currently being interrogated in animated debates about the future of conservation. However, while some commentary exists, empirical analysis of conservation practitioner perspectives on poverty, and their ethical justification, has been lacking thus far.

We used Q methodology complemented by more detailed qualitative analysis to examine empirically perspectives on poverty and conservation within the conservation movement, and compare these empirical discourses to positions within the literature. We sampled conservation practitioners in western headquartered organizations, and in Bolivia, China, Nepal and Uganda, thereby giving indications of these perspectives in Latin America, Asia and Africa.

While there are some elements of consensus, for instance the principle that the poor should not shoulder the costs of conserving a global public good, the three elicited discourses diverge in a number of ways. Anthropocentrism and ecocentrism differentiate the perspectives, but beyond this, there are two distinct framings of poverty which conservation practitioners variously adhere to.

The first prioritizes welfare, needs and sufficientarianism, and is more strongly associated with the China, Nepal and Uganda case studies. The second framing of poverty focuses much more on the need for ‘do no harm’ principles and safeguards, and follows an internationalized human rights‐oriented discourse.

There are also important distinctions between discourses about whether poverty is characterized as a driver of degradation, or more emphasis is placed on overconsumption and affluence in perpetuating conservation threats. This dimension particularly illuminates shifts in thinking in the 30 or so years since the Brundtland report, and reflecting new global realities.

This analysis serves to update, parse and clarify differing perspectives on poverty within the conservation, and broader environmental movement, to illuminate consensual aspects between perspectives, and reveal where critical differences remain.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Race and socioeconomic status in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for nonmalignant conditions
Authors: Harney Sarah M. , Kahn Justine M. , Jin Zhezhen , Wong Priscilla , McKetta Sarah , Satwani Prakash 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurvival disparities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) are observed in a wide range of pediatric treatment settings including oncology and solid organ transplantation. To date, few studies have examined the effects of race and SES on outcomes in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We explored whether survival differed by race/ethnicity or SES in children receiving HCT for nonmalignant conditions at a single institution serving a diverse patient population.ProceduresThe Kaplan‐Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS) with the log‐rank test for between‐group comparisons. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify risk factors for OS, adjusting for treatment‐ and disease‐related factors.ResultsOf 133 subjects, 0 to 21 years, 19% were non‐Hispanic (NH) white, 34% were NH black, 40% were Hispanic, and 7% were Asian. Sixty‐seven percent of the subjects had public insurance; 49% lived in neighborhoods with poverty rate ≥20%. Primary diagnoses included hemoglobinopathies (56%), bone marrow failure (22%), and other conditions (22%). Median follow‐up was 5.8 years (range 0.1‐14.5). Analysis revealed no difference in OS by race, insurance type, or neighborhood SES.ConclusionsFindings from this single‐institution study suggest that in pediatric patients undergoing HCT for nonmalignant conditions, treatment at a tertiary care center with a multidisciplinary approach may mitigate drivers of disparities observed in other settings. Additional studies are now needed to further elucidate the complex interrelationships among race, SES, and clinical outcomes for children undergoing HCT.
Reducing acute kidney injury in pediatric oncology patients: An improvement project targeting nephrotoxic medications
Authors: Young Jennifer , Dahale Devesh , Demmel Kathleen , O'Brien Maureen , Geller James , Courter Josh , Haslam David B. , Danziger‐Isakov Lara , Goldstein Stuart L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNephrotoxic medication exposure and associated acute kidney injury (AKI) occur commonly in hospitalized children. At Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, there is an initiative to increase awareness of nephrotoxic medication exposure and decrease rates of associated AKI. The oncology service utilized these data in a quality improvement project to drive reductions in AKI rates.MethodsThree interventions were implemented targeted at decreasing the incidence of nephrotoxic exposure, as well as protecting against the conversion of exposures to AKI episodes. Cefepime replaced piperacillin‐tazobactam for febrile neutropenia, vancomycin stewardship limited empiric courses to 72 hours, and nephroprotection for intravenous contrast administration was standardized for defined high‐risk patients.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 42 520 noncritically ill patient days admitted to the oncology service at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. A total of 273 unique patients were exposed to combination nephrotoxic medications, leading to 111 AKI episodes. The rate of nephrotoxic medication exposure within the oncology service decreased by 49% from 16.08 to 8.17 per 1000 patient days. Episodes of AKI associated with nephrotoxic medication exposure decreased by 45% from 3.48 to 1.92 per 1000 patient days.ConclusionInterventions to decrease AKI took a three‐pronged approach. Collectively, this approach was proven successful with significant reductions in both rates of nephrotoxic medication exposure and associated AKI among hospitalized oncology patients.
Prognosis of pediatric patients with anicteric and late‐onset sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Inagaki Jiro , Noguchi Maiko , Fukano Reiji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a life‐threatening complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Most adult patients with SOS present with jaundice, whereas hyperbilirubinemia does not always occur in children. Additionally, while late‐onset SOS is rare in adults, 15‐20% of SOS cases develop beyond day 30 after HSCT in children.ProcedureWe investigated the incidence and prognosis of children with anicteric and late‐onset SOS. We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who developed SOS after HSCT conducted at our center between 2000 and 2016.ResultsA total of 22 patients with a median age of 6.5 years (range: 0‐16), including 14 males and eight females, developed SOS. Eight of the twenty‐two patients were diagnosed as having anicteric SOS, and nine as having late‐onset SOS. Patients with anicteric SOS had significantly lower incidence of SOS‐related death at 100 days after HSCT (12.5% vs 64.3%, P = 0.03) and higher 2‐year overall survival (OS) rate (60.0% vs 14.3%, P = .04) than patients with icteric SOS. One patient with anicteric SOS died from progression of SOS. There were no significant differences observed in these endpoints between patients who developed SOS before and after 21 days from HSCT.ConclusionsCareful monitoring is needed for the development of SOS even in the absence of jaundice, and even at 3 weeksafter HSCT in children.
Welding dynamics in an atomistic model of an amorphous polymer blend with polymer–polymer interface
Authors: Luchinsky Dmitry G. , Hafiychuk Halyna , Hafiychuk Vasyl , Chaki Kenta , Nitta Hiroya , Ozawa Taku , Wheeler Kevin R. , Prater Tracie J. , McClintock Peter V. E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe consider an atomistic model of thermal welding at the polymer‐polymer interface of a polyetherimide/polycarbonate blend, motivated by applications to 3D manufacturing in space. We follow diffusion of semiflexible chains at the interface and analyze strengthening of the samples as a function of the welding time tw by simulating the strain–stress and shear viscosity curves. The time scales for initial wetting, and for fast and slow diffusion, are revealed. It is shown that each component of the polymer blend has its own characteristic time of slow diffusion at the interface. Analysis of strain–stress demonstrates saturation of the Young's modulus at tw = 240 ns, while the tensile strength continues to increase. The shear viscosity is found to have a very weak dependence on the welding time for tw > 60 ns. It is shown that both strain–stress and shear viscosity curves agree with experimental data.