bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HOLOCENE EVOLUTION OF A WAVE-DOMINATED BARRIER-LAGOON SYSTEM IN RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
Authors: Silva Rafael Cuellar de Oliveira e , Dias Gilberto Tavares de Macedo , Abuchacra Rodrigo Coutinho , de Vasconcelos Sérgio Cadena , Macario Kita Chaves Damasio , da Fonseca Estefan Monteiro 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTIn a wave-dominated coast, most of the Jacarepaguá coastal plain is occupied by buildings. During a new construction in this region at Barra da Tijuca, the subsurface area was excavated, exposing its quartzose sand nature, with a high mollusk shell concentration and in situ echinoderms at–10 m depth. The possibility to access this area encouraged us to investigate the evolution of the coastal plain. A 7.84-m-long core was recovered by percussion drilling. Stratigraphic, grain size, and geochemical analysis were undertaken. Three carbonate samples were dated by radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (14C AMS). The revised sea-level variation curve revealed that the last postglacial marine transgression reached the present mean sea-level at 7945–7500 cal BP. The sandy deposit bottom was an ancient shoreface, with in situ echinoderms buried at 7770–7540 cal BP by the Pleistocene inner barrier reworking due to the last marine transgression. The Holocene outer barrier-lagoon and its flood tidal delta were formed from 5440–5070 cal BP. Mid-Holocene marine regression allowed the outer barrier progradation and the lagoon shallowing/infill. This paper confirms prior models proposed by other researchers for the Rio de Janeiro central coast and shows its similarity with the New South Wales coast, Australia.
Adiponectin and leptin gene variants and their effects on body weight trajectories in children from birth to 6 years of age: the PREDI Study
Authors: Kroll Caroline , Farias Dayana Rodrigues , Kac Gilberto , de França Paulo Henrique Condeixa , Mastroeni Marco Fabio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExcess body weight confers a high risk to human health. Body weight variation between subjects can be partially explained by genetic differences. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of genetic variants in the ADIPOQ (rs2241766) and LEP (rs7799039) genes with body weight trajectories in children from birth to 6 years of age. This was a prospective cohort (PREDI Study). Socio-economic, biological and anthropometric data were collected at four time points: at birth in the maternity unit; 1–2, 4–5 and 6 years old at the participants’ homes. Genotyping was performed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Poisson regression and linear mixed-effect regression models were used to address the association of ADIPOQ and LEP genotypes with BMI. Excessive body weight at pre-pregnancy (β = 0·339, P = 0·01) and excessive gestational weight gain (β = 0·51, P < 0·001) were associated with children’s BMI trajectory from birth to 6 years. The ADIPOQ-rs2241766 TG or GG genotype was associated with a higher risk of excess body weight in the first 6 years of life (both sexes relative risk 1·25, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·56; female relative risk 1·67, 95 % CI 1·20, 2·31). BMI increased over the years according to the presence of the TG or GG genotype (β = 0·01, 95 % CI 0·01, 0·02), particularly in females (β = 0·02, 95 % CI 0·01, 0·04). The ADIPOQ-rs2241766 TG and GG genotypes increased the risk of excess body weight in children from birth to 6 years of age and had a positive effect on body weight trajectories in girls. The LEP-rs7799039 genetic variant was not associated with body weight trajectory in children.
Targeted adaptation in infants following live exposure to an accented talker
Authors: PAQUETTE-SMITH Melissa , COOPER Angela , JOHNSON Elizabeth K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInfants struggle to understand familiar words spoken in unfamiliar accents. Here, we examine whether accent exposure facilitates accent-specific adaptation. Two types of pre-exposure were examined: video-based (i.e., listening to pre-recorded stories; Experiment 1) and live interaction (reading books with an experimenter; Experiments 2 and 3). After video-based exposure, Canadian English-learning 15- to 18-month-olds failed to recognize familiar words spoken in an unfamiliar accent. However, after face-to-face interaction with a Mandarin-accented talker, infants showed enhanced recognition for words produced in Mandarin English compared to Australian English. Infants with live exposure to an Australian talker were not similarly facilitated, perhaps due to the lower vocabulary scores of the infants assigned to the Australian exposure condition. Thus, live exposure can facilitate accent adaptation, but this ability is fragile in young infants and is likely influenced by vocabulary size and the specific mapping between the speaker and the listener's phonological system.
An interaction between early threat exposure and the oxytocin receptor in females: Disorder-specific versus general risk for psychopathology and social–emotional mediators
Authors: Byrd Amy L. , Tung Irene , Manuck Stephen D. , Vine Vera , Horner Michelle , Hipwell Alison E. , Stepp Stephanie D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEarly threat exposure is a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology, and evidence suggests that genetic variation in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) moderates this association. However, it is unclear if this gene-by-environment (G×E) interaction is tied to unique risk for disorder-specific outcomes or instead increases shared risk for general psychopathology. Moreover, little is known about how this G×E interaction increases risk. The current study utilized a prospective, longitudinal sample of females (n = 2,020) to examine: (a) whether the interaction between early threat exposure and OXTR variation (rs53576, rs2254298) confers risk for disorder-specific outcomes (depression, anxiety, borderline and antisocial personality disorders) and/or general psychopathology in early adulthood; and (b) whether social–emotional deficits (emotion dysregulation, callousness, attachment quality) during adolescence constitute mediating mechanisms. Consistent with hypotheses, the interactive effects of early threat exposure and OXTR variation (rs53576) predicted general psychopathology, with threat-exposed women carrying at least one copy of the rs53576 A-allele at greatest risk. This interaction was mediated via emotional dysregulation in adolescence, with threat-exposed A-allele carriers demonstrating greater emotion dysregulation, and greater emotion dysregulation predicting general psychopathology in early adulthood. Findings suggest that this G×E places women at risk for a broad range of psychopathology via effects on emotion dysregulation.
Pathways linking adverse environments to emerging adults’ substance abuse and depressive symptoms: A prospective analysis of rural African American men
Authors: Kogan Steven M. , Bae Dayoung , Cho Junhan , Smith Alicia K. , Nishitani Shota 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor African American emerging adult men, developmental challenges are evident in their escalating substance abuse and depressive symptoms; this is particularly true for men from low-resource communities. The present study tests a developmental model linking childhood adversity and contemporaneous contextual stressors to increases in emerging adults’ substance use and depressive symptoms, indirectly, via increases in defensive/hostile relational schemas and social developmental risk factors (e.g., risky peers and romantic partners, lack of involvement in school or work). We also advance exploratory hypotheses regarding DNA methylation in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) as a moderator of the effects of stress on relational schemas. Hypotheses were tested with three waves of data from 505 rural African American men aged 19–25 years. Adverse childhood experiences predicted exposure to emerging adult contextual stressors. Contextual stressors forecast increases in defensive/hostile relational schemas, which increased social developmental risk factors. Social developmental risk factors proximally predicted increases in substance abuse and depressive symptoms. OXTR DNA methylation moderated the effects of contextual stressors on defensive/hostile relational schemas. Findings suggest that early exposures to stress carry forward to affect the development of social developmental risk factors in emerging adulthood, which place rural African American men at risk for increased substance abuse and depressive symptoms during the emerging adult years.
Social origins of self-regulated attention during infancy and their disruption in autism spectrum disorder: Implications for early intervention
Authors: Gaffrey Michael S. , Markert Sarah , Yu Chen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo understand the complex relationships between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other frequently comorbid conditions, a growing number of studies have investigated the emergence of ASD during infancy. This research has suggested that symptoms of ASD and highly related comorbid conditions emerge from complex interactions between neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities and early environments, indicating that developing treatments to prevent ASD is highly challenging. However, it also suggests that attenuating the negative effects of ASD on future development once identified is possible. The present paper builds on this by conceptualizing developmental delays in nonsocial skills as the potential product of altered caregiver–infant interactions following the emergence of ASD during infancy. And, following emerging findings from caregiver–infant dyadic head-mounted eye-tracking (D-ET) research, it also suggests that a multiple pathway model of joint attention can provide mechanistic insights into how ASD alters the ability of caregiver and infant to create a context for infant learning. The potential for this view to inform early intervention is further discussed and illustrated through D-ET data collected prior to and following a brief, parent-mediated intervention for infant ASD. While promising, further research informing how a multiple pathway model of joint attention can inform ASD early intervention is needed.
Contemporary Views of Liberal Democracy and the 2016 Presidential Election
Authors: Hicks William D. , McKee Seth C. , Smith Daniel A. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTWhat are Americans’ views on liberal democracy? Have their attitudes changed since the 1950s? How do their attitudes about liberal democracy shape political behavior, such as vote choice? We replicated McClosky’s (1964) seminal study on a module to the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study. Our exploration of 26 survey questions reveals both continuity and change in Americans’ attitudes toward liberal democracy. Whereas Americans have become more hostile toward some standard democratic procedural rules of the game, we also find that they harbor more tolerant attitudes toward racial and ethnic equality. We subjected respondents’ answers to an exploratory factor analysis, which reveals three distinct dimensions regarding democratic values: elitism, authoritarianism, and racial supremacy. We find that elitism and racial supremacy significantly influenced political behavior in the 2016 presidential election and note that these factors contributed to mass unrest in 2020, exposing fault lines deeply rooted in America’s contentious political history.
Effect of maternal nutritional education and counselling on children’s stunting prevalence in urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Nyamasege CK , Kimani-Murage EW , Wanjohi M , Kaindi DWM , Wagatsuma Y 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:To determine whether the prevalence of stunting differed between an intervention group and a control group and to identify factors associated with the children’s linear growth.Design:This was a follow-up study of mother–child pairs who participated in a 2012–2015 cluster randomised controlled trial. Linear mixed effects models were performed to model the children’s linear growth and identify the determinants of child linear growth.Setting:The study was conducted in two slums in Nairobi. The intervention group received monthly nutrition education and counselling (NEC) during pregnancy and infancy period.Participants:A birth cohort of 1004 was followed up every 3 months after delivery to the 13th month. However, as a result of dropouts, a total of 438 mother–child pairs participated during the 55-month follow-up. The loss to follow-up baseline characteristics did not differ from those included for analysis.Results:Length-for-agez-scores decreased from birth to the 13th month, mean –1·42 (sd2·04), with the control group (33·5 %) reporting a significantly higher prevalence of stunting than the intervention group (28·6 %). Conversely, the scores increased in the 55th month, mean –0·89 (sd1·04), with significantly more males (16·5 %) stunted in the control group than in the intervention group (8·3 %). Being in the control group, being a male child, often vomiting/regurgitating food, mother’s stature of <154 cm and early weaning were negatively associated with children’s linear growth.Conclusions:Home-based maternal NEC reduced stunting among under five years; however, the long-term benefits of this intervention on children’s health need to be elucidated.
Organic fertilizer use by smallholder farmers: typology of management approaches in northern Ghana
Authors: Daadi Bunbom Edward , Latacz-Lohmann Uwe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn understanding of the nexus of organic fertilizer use decisions that smallholder farmers take is essential to designing relevant policy to support adoption in sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper, we applied exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on observed farmer decisions to identify a set of common management approaches that farmers in the northeastern part of Ghana adopt in using organic fertilizer. After identification, seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) analysis was applied to relate each approach to farmer characteristics that influence uptake decisions. The EFA identified four approaches, labeled as Augmentary Compost Use Approach, Urban Human Waste Organic Fertilizer Approach, Integrated Livestock Manure Approach and Mineral Fertilizer Cost Constraint Organic Approach. Each of the first three approaches involves a set of strategic farmer decisions which could be supported to increase organic fertilizer use. The SUR analysis showed that the uptake of each approach is affected by different subsets of farmer characteristics. However, participation in organic fertilizer management training positively influences the adoption of all four approaches. Thus, we recommend free training of smallholder farmers as a core element of any policy package to support organic fertilizer adoption.
Compact triple-band bandpass filter using multi-mode HMSIW cavity and half-mode DGS
Authors: Pelluri Sambaiah , Kartikeyan M. V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a triple-band bandpass filter using a multi-mode half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) cavity is presented. In this design, back-to-back connected half-mode defected ground structure (DGS) is loaded into the HMSIW cavity, which generates the first passband. The first four modes of HMSIW cavity are TM110, TM120, TM310, and TM320. They have been used to generate second and third passbands. The slot line perturbation is used to shift the modes close to each other. Here, TM110 and TM120 constitute second passband, and TM310 and TM320 give third passband. Moreover, the notch band is designed using embedded open-circuited stub to improve the attenuation between the second and third passbands. The proposed filter is designed and fabricated on RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with a thickness of 0.508 mm. The measured results are in line with simulated ones for each of the passbands, and the center frequencies are 6.28, 13, and 19.12 GHz.
Metabolic Profile and Body Composition in Twins Concordant and Discordant for Physical Exercise
Authors: Borges Michelle V. de O. , Medeiros Jeane F. P. , de Sousa Elys C. , da Costa José R. R. , Lemos Telma M. A. M. , Dantas Paulo M. S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the metabolic profile and body composition of monozygotic (MZ) twins concordant and discordant for the practice of physical exercise. The sample consisted of 92 MZ twins (72.5% female and 27.5% male, mean age 25.4 ± 5.69 years), registered with the Brazilian Registry of Twins, residing in Natal, Brazil. Data collection was carried out between the years 2016 and 2018. On day 1, subjects underwent a whole-body fitness evaluation, including measures of weight, height, body composition by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry and the Cardiorespiratory Exercise Test. On day 2, 10 ml blood samples were collected (overnight fasting) to determine the lipid profile and fasting glucose. The sample was separated into three groups: Active Concordant twins (Concordant A, n = 44 subjects), Inactive Concordant twins (Concordant I, n = 22 subjects) and Discordant pairs for Physical Exercise (Discordant PE, n = 26 subjects). The results demonstrated a difference between the discordant twins for exercise and also between the active versus sedentary groups, indicating a causal effect of exercise on the fat percentage, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and second ventilatory threshold variables. Between groups, a difference was also observed between the groups in ventilatory threshold, very low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides. We concluded that, regardless of genetics, the practice of physical exercise was sufficient to generate alterations in body composition and VO2max in MZ twins, but not in the lipid profile or fasting glucose.
An Assessment of Earth's Climate Sensitivity Using Multiple Lines of Evidence
Authors: Sherwood S. C. , Webb M. J. , Annan J. D. , Armour K. C. , Forster P. M. , Hargreaves J. C. , Hegerl G. , Klein S. A. , Marvel K. D. , Rohling E. J. , Watanabe M. , Andrews T. , Braconnot P. , Bretherton C. S. , Foster G. L. , Hausfather Z. , von der Heydt A. S. , Knutti R. , Mauritsen T. , Norris J. R. , Proistosescu C. , Rugenstein M. , Schmidt G. A. , Tokarska K. B. , Zelinka M. D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe assess evidence relevant to Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity per doubling of atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S. This evidence includes feedback process understanding, the historical climate record, and the paleoclimate record. An S value lower than 2 K is difficult to reconcile with any of the three lines of evidence. The amount of cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum provides strong evidence against values of S greater than 4.5 K. Other lines of evidence in combination also show that this is relatively unlikely. We use a Bayesian approach to produce a probability density function (PDF) for S given all the evidence, including tests of robustness to difficult‐to‐quantify uncertainties and different priors. The 66% range is 2.6–3.9 K for our Baseline calculation and remains within 2.3–4.5 K under the robustness tests; corresponding 5–95% ranges are 2.3–4.7 K, bounded by 2.0–5.7 K (although such high‐confidence ranges should be regarded more cautiously). This indicates a stronger constraint on S than reported in past assessments, by lifting the low end of the range. This narrowing occurs because the three lines of evidence agree and are judged to be largely independent and because of greater confidence in understanding feedback processes and in combining evidence. We identify promising avenues for further narrowing the range in S, in particular using comprehensive models and process understanding to address limitations in the traditional forcing‐feedback paradigm for interpreting past changes.
Seismically Induced Unclogging in Fluid‐Saturated Faults
Authors: Barbosa Nicolás D. , Solazzi Santiago G. , Lupi Matteo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEvidence shows that flow‐driven unclogging of pore spaces is correlated with permeability variations in fluid‐saturated porous rocks. Due to the well‐established ability of seismic waves to induce transient fluid flow in porous media, permeability changes due to seismically induced unclogging have been proposed to explain hydrogeological phenomena commonly associated with distant earthquakes. In an effort to demonstrate the effects of seismically induced unclogging, laboratory experiments of forced oscillatory flow in centimeter‐scale samples have been performed. However, the corresponding extrapolation of the observations to the field scale has yet to be addressed. In this work, we model the coupling between the strains imposed by propagating seismic body waves and the development of transient flow in porous media following Biot's theory of poroelasticity. To assess the potential of seismically induced unclogging, we use previously reported flow velocity thresholds for which measurable permeability variations were observed. We show that only diffusive waves can induce flow velocities in the order of those capable of initiating unclogging. In heterogeneous media, diffusive waves are created as energy conversion from passing seismic waves at the interfaces separating two porous phases of the medium. We investigate this mesoscale process for body waves propagating across a fault zone as a function of the energy density, frequency, and incidence angle of the waves. Seismically induced unclogging potential in fault zones increases with frequency and imposed strain, although this relation is strongly affected by the incidence angle of the seismic wave, the fault thickness, and the stiffness contrast between the fault and the embedding background.
Permeability Impairment and Salt Precipitation Patterns During CO2 Injection Into Single Natural Brine‐Filled Fractures
Authors: Grimm Lima Marina , Schädle Philipp , Green Christopher P. , Vogler Daniel , Saar Martin O. , Kong Xiang‐Zhao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFormation dry‐out in fracture‐dominated geological reservoirs may alter the fracture space, impair rock absolute permeability, and cause a significant decrease in well injectivity. In this study, we numerically model the dry‐out processes occurring during supercritical CO2 (scCO2) injection into single brine‐filled fractures and evaluate the potential for salt precipitation under increasing effective normal stresses in the evaporative regime. We use an open‐source, parallel finite‐element framework to numerically model two‐phase flow through 2‐D fracture planes with aperture fields taken from naturally fractured granite cores at the Grimsel Test Site in Switzerland. Our results reveal a displacement front and a subsequent dry‐out front in all simulated scenarios, where higher effective stresses caused more flow channeling, higher rates of water evaporation, and larger volumes of salt precipitates. However, despite the larger salt volumes, the permeability impairment was lower at higher effective normal stresses. We conclude that the spatial distribution of the salt, precipitated in fractures with heterogeneous aperture fields, strongly affects the absolute permeability impairment caused by formation dry‐out. The numerical simulations assist in understanding the behavior of the injectivity in fractures and fracture networks during subsurface applications that involve scCO2 injection into brine.