bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rear interface engineering of kesterite Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cells by adding CuGaSe2 thin layers
Authors: Giraldo Sergio , Fonoll‐Rubio Robert , Jehl Li‐Kao Zacharie , Sánchez Yudania , Calvo‐Barrio Lorenzo , Izquierdo‐Roca Victor , Pérez‐Rodríguez Alejandro , Saucedo Edgardo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin film technology has been thoroughly investigated during the last decade as a promising solution in the field of low‐cost, sustainable, and environmental‐friendly photovoltaic technologies. However, despite efforts to boost kesterite solar cells performance by numerous strategies, the efficiencies remain stagnant around 13%. Some commonly observed issues in this technology refer to recombination events due to the likely presence of defects and, largely in line with the latest, the presence of voids and poor morphologies at the rear interface. This work, partly inspired by the copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) technology and the use of wide‐bandgap Ga‐rich region as back surface field (BSF), focuses on an innovative approach using ultrathin CuGa layers at the rear interface to promote the formation of wide‐bandgap CuGaSe2, acting as an efficient electron reflector or BSF, and to function as an effective interlayer improving the kesterite crystallinity at the back interface. Kesterite Cu2ZnSnSe4 devices fabricated with added CuGa layers show a general increase in photovoltaic parameters and a significantly enhanced collection efficiency compared with reference devices without CuGa. This strategy proves to be successful, for not only passivating but also for improving the Mo/kesterite interface morphology, preventing to a large extent the presence of voids at the back region of the absorber.
Influence of Particle Size of Explosive on Ignition Mechanism Under Low Velocity Impact
Authors: Guo Hongfu , Zhang Fan , Zhao Chengzhong , Zhang Zhao , Yuan Baohui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrop‐weight impact experiments are performed on different particle size Octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX) granular explosives. The drop‐weight impact machine is equipped with the high‐speed photographic systems for obtaining a mechanical‐chemical image of the impact process. The experimental image shows that the small particles of 700 μm have melted for a long time and over a large area during the loading process. HMX particle size affects the ignition mechanism. For a single particle, the ignition mechanism changes from friction to viscous heating with the decrease of particle size. The ignition mechanism of 6000 μm and 1800 μm HMX particles is friction work. The ignition mechanism of HMX small particles of 700 μm includes friction work and viscous heat under drop weight impact.
Exponential stability analysis of neural networks with a time‐varying delay via a generalized Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional method
Authors: Li Xu , Liu Haibo , Liu Kuo , Li Te , Wang Yongqing 
Published: November 2020

SummaryAs is known to all that the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional (LKF) method plays a significant role in deriving exponential stability criteria of neural networks with a time‐varying delay. However, when the LKF method is adopted, the condition that a functional is required for a neural network with a delay varying in a delay interval is so strong that it may be hard to be satisfied and lead to a conservative criterion. Therefore, a generalized LKF method is proposed by weakening the strong condition in this paper. Then, new exponential stability criteria are derived via applying the proposed method. Finally, the effectiveness of the derived criteria is verified by two numerical examples.
Vanadium Hexacyanoferrate Derived V‐Fe‐K Mixed Oxides as Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yuan Xuting , Li Xing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new facile solvothermal method has been designed to fabricate a cyanide‐metal framework compound of vanadium hexacyanoferrate@rGO, which was then thermally converted into a three‐dimensional cubic structure of C/Fe2O3/K3V5O14. In this work, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) provides strength via a rich network structure for particles, enabling changes to the microstructure after calcination. The beneficial features of this nanostructure enhance its structural integrity to limit structural collapse during Li+ insertion/extraction. This has allowed the electrochemical performance of the C/Fe2O3/K3V5O14 electrode to be significantly improved. The electrode shows a reversible capacity of 322.6 mAh g−1 at a current density of 500 mA g−1 and high, unprecedented rate capabilities, delivering average capacities of 570, 456, and 343 mAh g−1 at 100, 200, and 500 mA g−1, respectively. These results indicate that these newly developed compounds can be promising anode materials for high‐performance LIBs.
Tax policy implications for a two‐engine growing economy
Authors: Wang Wei‐Neng , Liu Chia‐Ying , Chang Juin‐Jen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn an endogenous growth model with two engines of R&D and capital, we investigate the environment of “inclusive growth” for tax reallocations (tax increases or tax credits) to gain broader benefits in terms of promoting the overall GDP growth without an increase in income inequality. Our results show that a tax increase in the capital‐good sector can result in inclusive growth, boosting overall growth and reducing income inequality, provided that the status quo tax rate is not too high. Surprisingly, tax credits are not able to achieve such inclusive growth. While the GDP growth rises, a tax credit in the R&D sector not only increases income inequality but also decreases the aggregate employment, if the labor mobility cost between the final‐good and R&D/capital‐good sectors is relatively low. This provides a caution to policymakers given the fact that research tax credits have served as a common incentive to strengthen the R&D environment.
Adaptive Capacity to Mitigate Climate Variability and Food Insecurity of Rural Communities Along River Tana Basin, Kenya
Authors: Karienye David , Macharia Joseph 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClimate variability is one of the leading natural threats and a root cause of food insecurity in the developing world, more so in Africa. It is a major impediment to the accomplishment of the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Vision 2030 and Big Four agenda in the Kenyan context. The rise in occurrence and brutality of extreme events resulting from variability of climate including prolonged flooding and drought has become more pronounced in the relatively drier areas. This chapter presents a synthesis about rural communities in Garissa and Tana River Counties, Kenya. The key environmental conditions that face the rural communities in the two counties are prolonged drought and recurrent flooding events. The two conditions have resulted in various challenges facing the communities in these regions through low agricultural production (food and pastures), poor infrastructure, human displacement, and the resultant extreme poverty, overall food insecurity, and tough livelihoods. The problems have been exacerbated by lack of capacity by most of the community members to cushion themselves against these impacts. However, as the conditions continue to manifest themselves, the community members have also identified adaptive mechanisms that are best suited in the region including planting drought-resistant crop varieties, diversifying their livelihoods, embrace sustainable land use, and made efforts to plant trees. We, therefore, conclude that integrated information sharing including early warning alongside affordable and appropriate technologies and crop insurance could be an entry point in cushioning the local communities in the arid and semiarid lands (ASALs) against the extreme weather conditions experienced in the region.
Breaking supersymmetry with pure spinors
Authors: Legramandi Andrea , Tomasiello Alessandro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
For several classes of BPS vacua, we find a procedure to modify the PDEs that imply preserved supersymmetry and the equations of motion so that they still imply the latter but not the former. In each case we trace back this supersymmetry-breaking deformation to a distinct modification of the pure spinor equations that provide a geometrical interpretation of supersymmetry. We give some concrete examples: first we generalize the Imamura class of Mink6 solutions by removing a symmetry requirement, and then derive some local and global solutions both before and after breaking supersymmetry.
$$ T\overline{T} $$ and $$ J\overline{T} $$ deformations in quantum mechanics
Authors: Chakraborty Soumangsu , Mishra Amiya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we continue the study of $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation in d = 1 quantum mechanical systems and propose possible analogues of $$ J\overline{T} $$
J

T
¯

deformation and deformation by a general linear combination of $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

and $$ J\overline{T} $$
J

T
¯

in quantum mechanics. We construct flow equations for the partition functions of the deformed theory, the solutions to which yields the deformed partition functions as integral of the undeformed partition function weighted by some kernels. The kernel formula turns out to be very useful in studying the deformed two-point functions and analyzing the thermodynamics of the deformed theory. Finally, we show that a non-perturbative UV completion of the deformed theory is given by minimally coupling the undeformed theory to worldline gravity and U(1) gauge theory.
Massivste epigastrische Schmerzen bei einem 59-jährigen Patienten
Authors: Welland S. , Janssen C. , Ringe K. I. , Höglinger G. , Manns M. P. , Mederacke Ingmar 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungAbdominelle Schmerzen sind oft Konsultationsanlass in Arztpraxen und Notaufnahmen. Die häufigsten Differenzialdiagnosen lassen sich mit gut verfügbarer, kosteneffektiver und risikoarmer Diagnostik (Laboruntersuchungen, Sonographie, Gastroskopie) bestätigen. Zum Ausschluss seltener Ursachen, wie kleiner solider oder hämatologischer Malignome, Stoffwechselstörungen oder Polyneuropathien unterschiedlichster Genese, kann eine erweiterte Diagnostik erforderlich sein. Im Folgenden stellen wir den Fall eines Patienten mit massivsten epigastrischen Beschwerden infolge einer Neuroborreliose vor und rekapitulieren die diagnostischen Schritte zur Abklärung des abdominellen Schmerzes.
Lattice shells composed of two families of curved Kirchhoff rods: an archetypal example, topology optimization of a cycloidal metamaterial
Authors: Giorgio Ivan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA nonlinear elastic model for nets made up of two families of curved fibers is proposed. The net is planar prior to the deformation, but the equilibrium configuration that minimizes the total potential energy can be a surface in the three-dimensional space. This elastic surface accounts for the stretching, bending, and torsion of the constituent fibers regarded as a continuous distribution of Kirchhoff rods. A specific example of fiber arrangement, namely a cycloidal orthogonal pattern, is examined to illustrate the predictive abilities of the model and assess the limit of applicability of it. A numerical micro–macro-identification is performed with a model adopting a standard continuum deformable body at the level of scale of the fibers. A few finite element simulations are carried out for comparison purposes in statics and dynamics, performing modal analysis. Finally, a topology optimization problem has been carried out to change the macroscopic shear stiffness to enlarge the elastic regime and reduce the risk of damage without excessively losing bearing capacity.
The impact of demographic, clinical, genetic, and imaging variables on tau PET status
Authors: Ossenkoppele Rik , Leuzy Antoine , Cho Hanna , Sudre Carole H. , Strandberg Olof , Smith Ruben , Palmqvist Sebastian , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Olsson Tomas , Jögi Jonas , Stormrud Erik , Ryu Young Hoon , Choi Jae Yong ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   for the PREVENT-AD research group, Boxer Adam L. , Gorno-Tempini Maria L. , Miller Bruce L. , Soleimani-Meigooni David , Iaccarino Leonardo , La Joie Renaud , Borroni Edilio , Klein Gregory , Pontecorvo Michael J. , Devous Michael D. , Villeneuve Sylvia , Lyoo Chul Hyoung , Rabinovici Gil D. , Hansson Oskar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
A substantial proportion of amyloid-β (Aβ)+ patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are tau PET–negative, while some clinically diagnosed non-AD neurodegenerative disorder (non-AD) patients or cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects are tau PET–positive. We investigated which demographic, clinical, genetic, and imaging variables contributed to tau PET status.

Methods
We included 2338 participants (430 Aβ+ AD dementia, 381 Aβ+ MCI, 370 non-AD, and 1157 CU) who underwent [18F]flortaucipir (n = 1944) or [18F]RO948 (n = 719) PET. Tau PET positivity was determined in the entorhinal cortex, temporal meta-ROI, and Braak V-VI regions using previously established cutoffs. We performed bivariate binary logistic regression models with tau PET status (positive/negative) as dependent variable and age, sex, APOEε4, Aβ status (only in CU and non-AD analyses), MMSE, global white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and AD-signature cortical thickness as predictors. Additionally, we performed multivariable binary logistic regression models to account for all other predictors in the same model.

Results
Tau PET positivity in the temporal meta-ROI was 88.6% for AD dementia, 46.5% for MCI, 9.5% for non-AD, and 6.1% for CU. Among Aβ+ participants with AD dementia and MCI, lower age, MMSE score, and AD-signature cortical thickness showed the strongest associations with tau PET positivity. In non-AD and CU participants, presence of Aβ was the strongest predictor of a positive tau PET scan.

Conclusion
We identified several demographic, clinical, and neurobiological factors that are important to explain the variance in tau PET retention observed across the AD pathological continuum, non-AD neurodegenerative disorders, and cognitively unimpaired persons.
Comparison of MRI, [18F]FDG PET/CT, and 99mTc-UBI 29-41 scintigraphy for postoperative spondylodiscitis—a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Paez Diana , Sathekge Mike M. , Douis Hassan , Giammarile Francesco , Fatima Shazia , Dhal Anil , Puri Sunil K. , Erba Paola A. , Lazzeri Elena , Ferrando Rodolfo , Filho Paulo Almeida , Magboo Vincent Peter , Morozova Olga , Núñez Rodolfo , Pellet Olivier , Mariani Giuliano 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Postoperative infection still constitutes an important complication of spine surgery, and the optimal imaging modality for diagnosing postoperative spine infection has not yet been established. The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to assess the diagnostic performance of three imaging modalities in patients with suspected postoperative spine infection: MRI, [18F]FDG PET/CT, and SPECT/CT with 99mTc-UBI 29-41.

Methods
Patients had to undergo at least 2 out of the 3 imaging modalities investigated. Sixty-three patients enrolled fulfilled such criteria and were included in the final analysis: 15 patients underwent all 3 imaging modalities, while 48 patients underwent at least 2 imaging modalities (MRI + PET/CT, MRI + SPECT/CT, or PET/CT + SPECT/CT). Final diagnosis of postoperative spinal infection was based either on biopsy or on follow-up for at least 6 months. The MRI, PET/CT, and SPECT/CT scans were read blindly by experts at designated core laboratories. Spine surgery included metallic implants in 46/63 patients (73%); postoperative spine infection was diagnosed in 30/63 patients (48%).

Results
Significant discriminants between infection and no infection included fever (P = 0.041), discharge at the wound site (P < 0.0001), and elevated CRP (P = 0.042). There was no difference in the frequency of infection between patients who underwent surgery involving spinal implants versus those who did not. The diagnostic performances of MRI and [18F]FDG PET/CT analyzed as independent groups were equivalent, with values of the area under the ROC curve equal to 0.78 (95% CI: 0.64–0.92) and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.64–0.98), respectively. SPECT/CT with 99mTc-UBI 29-41 yielded either unacceptably low sensitivity (44%) or unacceptably low specificity (41%) when adopting more or less stringent interpretation criteria. The best diagnostic performance was observed when combining the results of MRI with those of [18F]FDG PET/CT, with an area under the ROC curve equal to 0.938 (95% CI: 0.80–1.00).

Conclusion
[18F]FDG PET/CT and MRI both possess equally satisfactory diagnostic performance in patients with suspected postoperative spine infection, the best diagnostic performance being obtained by combining MRI with [18F]FDG PET/CT. The diagnostic performance of SPECT/CT with 99mTc-UBI 29-41 was suboptimal in the postoperative clinical setting explored with the present study.
Application of cesium hydroxide monohydrate for ring opening polymerization of monosubstituted oxiranes: characterization of synthesized polyether-diols
Authors: Grobelny Zbigniew , Jurek-Suliga Justyna , Golba Sylwia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCesium hydroxide monohydrate (CsOH·H2O) activated by cation complexing agents, i.e., 18C6 or C222 was applied as initiator of monosubstituted oxiranes polymerization. Propylene oxide (PO), 1,2-butylene oxide (BO), styrene oxide (SO) and some glycidyl ethers were used as monomers. All processes were carried out in tetrahydrofuran solution at room temperature. Such polymers, as PPO-diols, PBO-diols and PSO-diols, are unimodal and have molar masses Mn = 2000–5100. Their dispersities are rather high (Mw/Mn = 1.17–1.33). Moreover, PPO-diols and PSO-diols are not contaminated by monools with unsaturated starting groups. Poly(glycidyl ether)s are, in general, polymodal. For example, poly(isopropyl glycidyl ether)-diols are bi- or trimodal, whereas poly(allyl glycidyl ether)-diols possess two or even six fractions. Molar masses of main fraction are 4200–6400, and the second fraction is much lower, namely 600–2600. Dispersities of some fractions are very low (Mw/Mn = 1.01–1.07). Polymodality of polymers obtained was discussed in terms of the formation of two or more species propagating with different rate constants.
Graphic abstract
Impact of anxiety levels on the perception of pain in patients undergoing office hysteroscopy
Authors: Sorrentino Felice , Petito Annamaria , Angioni Stefano , D’Antonio Francesco , Severo Melania , Solazzo Maria Cristina , Tinelli Raffaele , Nappi Luigi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed at assessing the impact of anxiety on pain perception during hysteroscopy and to highlight the possible contribution of factors related to pain perception.

Materials and methods
104 women with indication for office hysteroscopy fullfilled anonymous self-report questionnaires during the waiting time, before the procedure. The first self-report questionnaire included general patient information and an overall assessment of the degree of satisfaction with the information received before the procedure. The level of pre-procedural anxiety was measured through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI-Y1 (state anxiety). The perceived stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The intensity of pain during the procedure and 20 min later was assessed with VAS score.

Results
The average waiting time was of 192.33 ± 91 min. 59 patients (56.7%) performed the examination without analgesia while 45 women (43.3%) required analgesia. 28 women (27%) experienced mild pain, 34 (33%) moderate pain and 42 (40%) severe pain. The patients who performed the procedure without analgosedation had an average STAI-Y1 score of 44.81 ± 1.20, compared to women who required analgosedation (average score of 49.40 ± 1.64). The perceived level of stress was also associated with the use of analgosedation. Patients who did not request any anesthetic intervention obtained a PSS average score of 16.66 ± 0.75, compared to the subgroup with anesthesia (score of 19.76 ± 0.90).

Conclusions
Anxiety represents a key element for the success of ambulatory hysteroscopy. The management of anxiety can reduce the request for analgesia with a consequent optimization of time, costs and safety.
Phosphorescence of thermally altered human bone
Authors: Krap Tristan , Busscher Loes , Oostra Roelof-Jan , Aalders Maurice C. G. , Duijst Wilma 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBone has photoluminescent characteristics that can aid the analysis of thermally altered human skeletal remains as part of the forensic anthropological investigation. Photoluminescence stands collectively for fluorescence and phosphorescence. Because the difference in lifetime between fluorescence and phosphorescence is usually in the range of nano- to microseconds, it is only possible to visually determine whether bone phosphoresces when the lifetime is long enough to be observed. For this study, a distinction was made between long-decay and short-decay phosphorescence. So far, it was unknown whether (thermally altered) human bone emits long-decay phosphorescence after being illuminated and, thus, whether phosphorescence contributes to the observed photoluminescence. If so, whether the observable phosphorescence is dependent on temperature, exposure duration, surrounding medium, bone type, skeletal element, and excitation light and could aid the temperature estimation of heated bone fragments. In this study, bone samples were subjected to heat in the range of from room temperature to 900 °C for various durations in either air or adipose as surrounding medium. In addition, different skeletal elements of a human cadaver were recollected after cremation in a crematorium. Both sample collections were illuminated with light of different bandwidths and visually inspected for phosphorescence and photoluminescence. The samples were scored by means of a scoring index for the intensity of long-decay phosphorescence and photographically documented. The results show that thermally altered human bone fragments do phosphoresce. The observed phosphorescence is more dependent on temperature than on exposure duration, surrounding medium or skeletal element. Of the used wavelength bands, ultraviolet light provided the most temperature-related information, showing changes in both phosphorescence intensity and emission spectrum. Long-decay phosphorescence and fluorescence with short-decay phosphorescence coincide; however, there are also temperature-dependent differences. It is therefore concluded that phosphorescence contributes to the observable photoluminescence and that the visibly observable phosphorescent characteristics can aid the temperature estimation of cremated human skeletal fragments.