bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced Surgical Time and Higher Accuracy of Distal Locking with the Electromagnetic Targeting System in Humeral Shaft Intramedullary Nailing
Authors: Huichao Fu , Xiaoming Wu 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of the electromagnetic distal targeting system in the treatment of humeral shaft fractures.MethodsFrom January 2012 to December 2018, we retrospectively reviewed 60 patients with humeral shaft fractures treated by intramedullary nailing. Among 60 cases, 41 were men and 19 were women. The average age at surgery was 48.5 years (range, 21–81 years). We performed the same surgical procedure for all patients. According to the different distal locking technique used, all patients were divided into two groups. The standard fluoroscopic freehand technique was used for Group FH, while the electromagnetic real‐time targeting technique was used for Group EM. All procedures were performed by two senior surgeons. Overall surgical time, cases of complications, failure of distal locking, union time, and shoulder function assessment were recorded intraoperatively and during follow‐up.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients in Group FH and 33 patients in Group EM met the inclusion criteria. No significant difference was found in the demographic data of the two groups. The mean surgical time was 76.48 ± 10.73 min in Group FH and 65.61 ± 8.91 min in Group EM (P < 0.05), showing significant difference. Seven failures occurred in Group FH and two failures occurred in Group EM (P < 0.05). No relevant complications were noted. The average union time was 3.37 ± 0.49 months in Group FH and 3.39 ± 0.50 months in Group EM (P = 0.855). The mean follow‐up was 14.30 ± 2.28 months in Group FH and 15.27 ± 2.83 months in Group EM (P = 0.153). The disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand score (DASH) score, the range of motion (checked with the constant score), and the degree of functionality were, respectively, 21.52 ± 3.23, 27.04 ± 1.84, and 81.31% ± 3.88% in Group FH and 19.09 ± 2.40, 26.18 ± 1.70, and 77.97% ± 3.91% in Group EM (P = 0.233, 0.971, and 0.607).ConclusionThe electromagnetic real‐time targeting system reduced surgical time and improved accuracy, and there was no radiation exposure in the distal locking procedure for humeral shaft fractures.
Effect of Strain Rates on Failure of Mechanical Properties of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Under Flexion
Authors: Li Kun , Zhang Shi‐jie , Du Cheng‐fei , Zhao Ji‐zhe , Liu Qing , Zhang Chun‐qiu , Sun Yan‐fang 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the strain‐rate‐dependent viscoelastic properties of the intervertebral disc by in vitro experiments.MethodThe biomechanical experiments were conducted from September 2019 to December 2019. The lumbar spines of sheep were purchased within 4–6 hours from the local slaughterhouse, and the intervertebral disc samples were divided into three groups. In rupture group, the samples were used to test the mechanical behavior of the intervertebral disc rupture at different strain rates. In fatigue injury group, the samples were used to test the mechanical behavior of fatigue injury on the intervertebral disc under different strain rates. In internal displacement group, the samples were used to test the internal displacement distribution of the intervertebral disc at different strain rates by applying an optimized digital image correlation (DIC) technique.ResultsBoth the yielding and cracking phenomenon occurs at fast and medium loading rates, while only the yielding phenomenon occurs at a slow loading rate. The yield stress, compressive strength, and elastic modulus all increase with the increase of the strain rate, while the yield strain decreases with the increase of the strain rate. The logarithm of the elastic modulus in the intervertebral disc is approximately linear with the logarithm of the strain rate under different strain rates. Both before and after fatigue loading, the stiffness in the loading and unloading curves of the intervertebral disc is inconsistent, forming a hysteresis loop, which is caused by the viscoelastic effect. The strain rate has no significant effect on the internal displacement distribution of the intervertebral disc. Based on the experimental data, the constitutive relationship of the intervertebral disc at different strain rates is obtained. The fitting curves are well coupled with the experimental data, while the fitting parameters are approximately linear with the logarithm of the strain rate.ConclusionsThese experiments indicate that the strain rate has a significant effect on the mechanical behavior of the intervertebral disc rupture and fatigue injury, while the constitutive equation can predict the rate‐dependent mechanical behavior of lumbar intervertebral disc under flexion very well. These results have important theoretical guiding significance for preventing lumbar disc herniation in daily life.
Rethinking Thomas Hobbes on the Passions
Authors: Bobier Christopher 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is widespread scholarly disagreement whether Hobbesian passions are or involve a type of cognition (i.e., imagination). This largely overlooked disagreement has implications for our understanding of Hobbesian deliberation. If passions are intrinsically cognitive, then, because Hobbesian deliberation is a series of alternating passions, deliberation would appear to be intrinsically cognitive as well. In this paper, I bring to light this overlooked disagreement and argue for a non‐cognitive reading of Hobbesian passions, according to which, a passion is an appetite or aversion caused by, but distinct from, an imagination of a future good or harm.
Altered Cortical Reorganization and Brain Functional Connectivity in Phantom Limb Pain: A Functional MRI Study
Authors: Zheng Bi‐Xin , Yin Yan , Xiao Hong , Lui Su , Wen Chuan‐Bing , Dai Yue‐E , Yang Guang , Liu Jin , Gong Qiyong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesFunctional neuroimaging studies have shown that amputees have altered cortical reorganization and functional connectivity (FC). This study aimed to investigate whether patients with phantom limb pain (PLP) and PLP‐free lower limb amputees exhibit changes in corresponding primary cortical motor area/somatosensory cortex (M1/S1) cortical reorganization and supplementary motor area (SMA) network FC. The association between functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) changes and clinical parameters is also explored.MethodsA total of 10 PLP patients were matched with 10 PLP‐free amputees and 10 healthy controls (HCs). Before undergoing fMRI, all participants completed questionnaires evaluating pain, anxiety, depression, and health‐related quality of life. Task‐related activation and regions of interest (ROI)‐wise connectivity analysis were applied to differentiate the brain regions of amputees from those of HCs. Linear correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between altered FC and clinical manifestations.ResultsAs compared with HCs, PLP patients showed increased cortical activation in M1/S1 when moving the intact foot, imagining phantom big toe movement, or having the corresponding thumb stimulated. The increased FC in the SMA network included the SMA‐caudate nucleus, SMA‐bilateral insula, and SMA‐anterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, results of the linear correlation analysis demonstrated that this increased FC was positively correlated with VAS scores, negatively correlated with Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item Short‐Form (SF‐36) scores, and not correlated with anxiety or depression scores.ConclusionsPhantom limb pain in lower limb amputees is associated with M1/S1 cortical reorganization and altered SMA network FC in different areas of the brain, which could help to support our understanding of the central mechanism of PLP.
The Success Rate of Ultrasound‐Guided Sacroiliac Joint Steroid Injections in Sacroiliitis: Are We Getting Better?
Authors: Fouad Ahmed Zaghloul , Ayad Amany Ezzat , Tawfik Karim Alaaeldin Wagdi , Mohamed Eslam Ayman , Mansour Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe sacroiliac joint is one of the most common sources of low back pain; however, it is difficult to place the needle accurately inside the joint space without image guidance. Improvement of ultrasound technology may lead to a high success rate for intra‐articular drug deposition.ObjectiveAssessment of the success rate of ultrasound‐guided intra‐articular sacroiliac joint injection.DesignProspective observational study.MethodologyUltrasound‐guided injections were performed on 34 patients suffering from sacroiliitis. After injection of the drug solution and withdrawal of the needle, an anteroposterior fluoroscopy image was obtained and recorded for the injected joint to detect whether it was predominantly intra‐articular or peri‐articular. Clinical outcome using a numeric pain rating scale as well as limitation of physical functioning measured by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were determined.ResultsThirty‐three injections (84.6%) were intra‐articular, while 6 injections (15.4%) were peri‐articular, as confirmed by fluoroscopy, with no statistical difference regarding clinical outcome between them. The baseline mean pain score decreased from 7.21 to 1.92 1 month after injection, and the mean ODI scores improved from 61.41% to 17.13%. Intervention was well tolerated, and 91.2% of patients were satisfied or mostly satisfied.ConclusionUltrasonography provides a high success rate of intra‐articular sacroiliac joint injection as confirmed by fluoroscopy. No significant difference in clinical outcome between intra‐articular and peri‐articular injection was found.
Fundamental Yet Grounded
Authors: Giannotti Joaquim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGrounding is claimed to offer a promising characterization of the fundamental as that which is ungrounded. Detractors of this view argue that there can be fundamental and yet mutually grounded entities. Such a possibility undermines the definition of the fundamental as the ungrounded. I aim to show, however, that the possibility of fundamental mutually grounded entities does not force us to renounce the prospects of characterizing fundamentality in terms of grounding. To accomplish this aim, I defend a grounding‐based view that accommodates fundamental mutually grounded entities straightforwardly. My definition of fundamentality is similar to, but importantly different from, one that Karen Bennett discusses. I conclude by resisting two objections raised by Jessica Wilson against the Bennettian framework that also target the proposed view.
Estimates of on‐farm antimicrobial usage in broiler chicken production in the United States, 2013–2017
Authors: Singer Randall S. , Porter Leah J. , Schrag Nora F. D. , Davies Peter R. , Apley Michael D. , Bjork Kathe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial use is a key selective force behind the emergence of resistant bacteria. Therefore, optimizing strategies for more efficacious and targeted antimicrobial use is an essential component of efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. To bolster stewardship programmes in animal agriculture, processes are needed for the systematic collection of on‐farm antimicrobial use data. The objective of this study was to develop a system for collecting on‐farm antimicrobial use data from the US broiler industry and to have it be representative of the largest commercial broiler producers in the United States that comprise the vast majority of national broiler production. Participation was voluntary. Data were collected for the period 2013 through 2017 and are reported on a calendar year basis. Using statistics from USDA:NASS as a denominator, the data supplied by participating companies accounted for approximately 81.7% of broiler production in the United States in 2013 and increased to approximately 87.2% in 2017. The data that were submitted for 2017 are based on approximately 7,897,339,357 chicks placed, 7,541,449,430 chickens slaughtered and 48,225,124,865 pounds liveweight produced. The use of antimicrobials in the hatchery decreased substantially between 2013 and 2017; the approximate percentage of broiler chicks placed that received hatchery antimicrobials decreased from 93% in 2013 to 17% in 2017. Medically important in‐feed antimicrobial use decreased substantially. For example, in‐feed tetracycline use decreased approximately 95% between 2013 and 2017. Medically important water‐soluble antimicrobial use decreased substantially for most antimicrobials. Between 2013 and 2017, water‐soluble penicillin use decreased approximately 21%, water‐soluble tetracycline use decreased approximately 47%, and water‐soluble lincomycin use decreased approximately 28%. While a reduction in antimicrobial amounts used may be an important indicator of improved stewardship, reducing the need for antimicrobials through improved disease prevention should be considered a more important objective and a better indicator of overall flock health and optimal antimicrobial use.
Comparison of surveys and use records for quantifying medically important antimicrobial use in 18 U.S. beef feedyards
Authors: Hope Katie J. , Apley Michael D. , Schrag Nora F.D. , Lubbers Brian V. , Singer Randall S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate agreement between medically important antimicrobial use metrics derived from in‐person surveys of feedyard management as opposed to metrics derived from production unit‐level antimicrobial use records. Survey respondents were asked to estimate values which would allow calculation of the metrics of regimens per animal year (Reg/AY) and milligrams of antimicrobial per kilogram of liveweight sold (mg/kg‐LW). At the study level, values were calculated by antimicrobial class within the use categories of in‐feed use, control of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and individual animal treatment. At the feedyard level, values were calculated by total overall use and total use within use category. Feedyard level correlation coefficients between survey and record values for total use were 0.76 (p = .0004) and 0.73 (p = .0009) for Reg/AY and mg/kg‐LW, respectively. Correlation coefficients for use category within metric ranged from 0.25 (p = .3224) to 0.65 (p = .0061). Comparing feedyard level survey and record values for total Reg/AY and mg/kg‐LW using a Wilcoxon signed‐rank test resulted in p‐values (95% CI) of 0.3247 (−1.06, 0.25) and 0.7019 (−14.49, 10.387), respectively. Evaluation of comparative rankings as total use by metric indicated that for Reg/AY, only two of the five top‐ranked feedyards were consistent between the two data sources. The relationship for mg/kg‐LW demonstrated the lowest two and highest three values were consistent between sources; however, the ranking similarities appear to markedly decline in the middle ranks. This report demonstrates that survey‐based antimicrobial use data may closely reflect summary values determined from records across multiple beef feedyards. However, individual feedyard relationships between their record and survey values vary widely and ranking by survey may lead to different conclusions as to highest and lowest use than ranking by data collected from use records.
1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 stimulates active phosphate transport but not paracellular phosphate absorption in mouse intestine
Authors: Hernando Nati , Pastor‐Arroyo Eva Maria , Marks Joanne , Schnitzbauer Udo , Knöpfel Thomas , Bürki Matthias , Bettoni Carla , Wagner Carsten A. 
Published: November 2020

Key points
Intestinal absorption of phosphate proceeds via an active/transcellular route mostly mediated by NaPi‐IIb/Slc34a2 and a poorly characterized passive/paracellular pathway.
Intestinal phosphate absorption and expression of NaPi‐IIb are stimulated by 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 but whether NaPi‐IIb is the only target under hormonal control remains unknown.
We report that administration of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 to wild‐type mice resulted in the expected increase in active transport of phosphate in jejunum, without changing paracellular fluxes. Instead, the same treatment failed to alter phosphate transport in intestinal‐depleted Slc34a2‐deficient mice.
In both genotypes, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 induced similar hyperphosphaturic responses and changes in the plasma levels of FGF23 and PTH.
While urinary phosphate loss induced by administration of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 did not alter plasma phosphate, further studies should investigate whether chronic administration would lead to phosphate imbalance in mice with reduced active intestinal absorption.
AbstractIntestinal absorption of phosphate is stimulated by 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3. At least two distinct mechanisms underlie phosphate absorption in the gut, an active transcellular transport requiring the Na+/phosphate cotransporter NaPi‐IIb/Slc34a2, and a poorly characterized paracellular passive pathway. 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 stimulates NaPi‐IIb expression and function, and loss of NaPi‐IIb reduces intestinal phosphate absorption. However, it is remains unknown whether NaPi‐IIb is the only target for hormonal regulation by 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3. Here we compared the effects of intraperitoneal administration of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 (2 days, once per day) in wild‐type and intestinal‐specific Slc34a2‐deficient mice, and analysed trans‐ vs. paracellular routes of phosphate absorption. We found that treatment stimulated active transport of phosphate only in jejunum of wild‐type mice, though NaPi‐IIb protein expression was upregulated in jejunum and ileum. In contrast, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 administration had no effect in Slc34a2‐deficient mice, suggesting that the hormone specifically regulates NaPi‐IIb expression. In both groups, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 elicited the expected increase of plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and reduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Treatment resulted in hyperphosphaturia (and hypercalciuria) in both genotypes, though mice remained normophosphataemic. While increased intestinal absorption and higher FGF23 can trigger the hyperphosphaturic response in wild types, only higher FGF23 can explain the renal response in Slc34a2‐deficient mice. Thus, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 stimulates intestinal phosphate absorption by acting on the active transcellular pathway mostly mediated by NaPi‐IIb while the paracellular pathway appears not to be affected.
Macroscale Modeling of Solid–Liquid Phase Change in Metal Foam/Paraffin Composite: Effects of Paraffin Density Treatment, Thermal Dispersion, and Interstitial Heat Transfer
Authors: Yao Yuanpeng , Wu Huiying 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work focuses on macroscale modeling of solid–liquid phase change in metal foam/paraffin composite (MFPC), addressing the treatment of paraffin density (under distinct paraffin filling conditions in metal foam), thermal dispersion effect, and influence of thermal diffusion-dominated interstitial heat transfer. To this end, a macroscale thermal non-equilibrium model for melting in MFPC with fluid convection is developed by employing the enthalpy-porosity technique and volume-averaging approach. Meanwhile, visualized experiments on the melting of the MFPC sample are carried out to validate the modeling results. Comparing the numerical modeling and experimental visualization results, it is found that for MFPC with an initially saturated filling condition in metal foam using solid paraffin, the varied paraffin density is preferred to be employed for developing accurate phase change model. However, for MFPC that can be just filled with liquid paraffin after melting (i.e., non-saturated filling condition using solid paraffin), the Boussinesq approximation is preferred to achieve satisfying phase change simulation. Thermal dispersion effect in MFPC is proved to be negligible, which should not be overvalued to avoid inducing physical distortions of heat transfer and fluid flow. Consideration of diffusion-dominated interstitial heat transfer in the thermal non-equilibrium model is vital to accurately capture phase interface evolutions as well as to reasonably simulate the mushy zone of paraffin, and the model only incorporating the convection-induced interstitial heat transfer will predict quite inaccurate phase change process. This study can provide useful guidance in macroscale modeling of phase change in MFPC associated with the thermal energy storage applications.
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Assessment of Burden of Chronic Conditions (ABCC) tool in patients with COPD, asthma, diabetes mellitus type 2 and heart failure: protocol for a pragmatic clustered quasi-experimental study
Authors: Boudewijns Esther A. , Claessens Danny , Joore Manuela , Keijsers Lotte C.E.M. , van Schayck Onno C.P. , Winkens Bjorn , Gidding-Slok Annerika H.M. 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThe number of people that have one or multiple condition(s) with a chronic course is rising, which consequently challenges healthcare systems. Healthcare geared to long-term care should focus on patient-centredness, shared decision making and self-management. The Assessment of Burden of Chronic Conditions (ABCC) tool was developed to integrate these elements in daily healthcare practice. The ABCC tool assesses and visualises burden of disease(s), helps to make shared decisions and stimulates self-management. The present paper documents a protocol for a quasi-experimental study investigating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the ABCC tool for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or heart failure.Methods and analysisThe study has a pragmatic clustered quasi-experimental design and will be conducted in the Netherlands. The intervention will be allocated at the level of general practice. The intervention group (18 general practices, 180 patients) will use the ABCC tool during regular consultations; the control group (18 general practices, 180 patients) will maintain usual care. Outcomes include change in quality of care (Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care), quality of life (EuroQol-5D-5L), capability well-being (ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults), patients’ activation (Patient Activation Measure) and costs. Follow-up time will be 18 months. Outcomes will be analysed using linear mixed models.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee Zuyderland-Zuyd Heerlen, the Netherlands (METCZ20180131). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04127383).