bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile preparation of magnetic covalent organic framework–metal organic framework composite materials as effective adsorbents for the extraction and determination of sedatives by high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in meat samples
Authors: Liu Jichao , Li Guoliang , Wu Di , Yu Yanxin , Chen Jian , Wu Yongning 
Published: February 2020

RationaleSedatives, which are prone to cause residues in animals, have been abused in modern animal husbandry. Long‐term consumption of contaminated meat products would be unfavorable to the human nervous system. Taking into account public health and food safety, it was essential to develop an effective method for the enrichment and detection of sedatives in meat.MethodsFe3O4@TbBd@ZIF‐8 composites were synthesized by using Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a magnetic core and 1,3,5‐triformylbenzene (Tb) and benzidine (Bd) as two building blocks to form Fe3O4@TbBd. Furthermore, the zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) was modified on the surface of the Fe3O4@TbBd. In addition, Fe3O4@TbBd@ZIF‐8 was used as a magnetic solid‐phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbent of typical animal sedatives in pork samples. Mass spectrometry analysis was conducted by electrospray ionization triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry in positive‐ion multiple reaction monitoring mode.ResultsBy combining the optimized MSPE approach with high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS), an accurate and sensitive method for the determination of sedatives was developed. The method exhibited good linearity in the range of 0.03–70 μg/kg with the correlation coefficient (R2) ranging from 0.9982 to 0.9999, high sensitivity with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.04 to 0.2 μg/kg, and high precision with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 5.5%. The adsorption behaviors of Fe3O4@TbBd@ZIF‐8 towards sedatives were more suitably described by a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm model.ConclusionsThe proposed MSPE‐HPLC/MS/MS method was successfully applied to the determination of sedatives in real samples and showed excellent applicability. Several sedatives were detected in the selected meat samples. The developed method was shown to be facile, sensitive and accurate for sedative detection and also showed great prospects for determination of sedatives from other complex samples.
Can an amino sugar test estimate potentially available nitrogen from biosolids?
Authors: White Jeffrey G. , Dodd Ryan , Walters Robert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBiosolids land application is governed by N content and estimates of potentially available N (PAN). Amino sugar test N (AST‐N) has been used with varying success to estimate soil responsiveness to N and optimum N rates. We investigated the utility of an amino sugar test (AST) in estimating PAN and hypothesized that this would depend on biosolids type, rate, and receiving soil. In vitro, we applied three dissimilar biosolids at five rates to four representative southeastern US soils, measured AST‐N, and estimated recovery of biosolids AST‐N. Target PAN rates were zero to two times a realistic yield expectation rate (127 kg N ha−1) for a common biosolids‐receiving grass. Rates were based on biosolids type, total N, and book‐value availability coefficients. Biosolids AST‐N varied from 263 to 9790 mg kg−1 (3.8–20.1% of total N). Soil AST‐N was 66–93 mg kg−1 and differed among soils. Treatment interactions indicated that AST‐N of the biosolids–soil mixtures differed from what might be predicted from biosolids and soil AST‐N and rate. Rate response was linear; thus, the AST did not saturate at the rates tested. Biosolids AST‐N recovery ranged from −303 to 152% depending on biosolids, rate, soil, and their interactions. The AST‐N was related linearly to total N from anaerobic incubation (R2 = 0.10–0.67), depending on biosolids. The weakness of these relationships; the biosolids, rate, and soil interactions; and the potential confounding effects of biosolids and soil NH4–N suggest that AST‐N would not be a good estimator of PAN.
Palladium Catalyzed Annulation of Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Adducts: Synthesis of Indene and Indanone Derivatives
Authors: Rajan Sruthi Pambingal , Venu Saranya Thachora , Anas Saithalavi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConcise and efficient methods for the syntheses of functionalized Indene and Indanone derivatives from Morita‐Baylis Hillman (MBH) alcohols via Palladium catalyzed annulations are described. The formation and nature of the product was based on the MBH adduct used and the reaction conditions established after detailed optimization studies. The reaction of Baylis‐Hillman alcohols (1 a–m) in presence of Pd(OAc)2 (5 mol %), P(o‐Tol)3 (20 mol %), AgOAc (1 eq.) and Na2CO3 (2 eq.) in Dioxane at 120 °C under Nitrogen atmosphere provided substituted indenes (2 a–m) in good to excellent yields. While, Indanone derivatives (4 a–f) are obtained from o‐halo substituted MBH adducts (3 a–l) when subjected to reaction with Pd(OAc)2 (3 mol %) and K3PO4 (2.5 eq.) in DMA at 140 °C in the absence of any ligand or additive.
Use of Click Chemistry for Obtaining an Antimicrobial Chimeric Peptide Containing the LfcinB and Buforin II Minimal Antimicrobial Motifs
Authors: Pineda‐Castañeda Hector M. , Bonilla‐Velásquez Laura D. , Leal‐Castro Aura Lucía , Fierro‐Medina Ricardo , García‐Castañeda Javier E. , Rivera‐Monroy Zuly J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA chimeric peptide derived from Lactoferricin B (LfcinB) and Buforin II (BFII) was designed. It specifically contains the reported antimicrobial minimal motif sequences LfcinB (20–25): RRWQWR and BFII (32–35): RLLR. The chimeric peptide was synthesized by intramolecular cyclization with a triazole bridge. The Chimera 3 exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against E. coli ATCC 25922 (MIC 93 μM) and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (93 μM) than the original sequences. Furthermore, it did not exhibit a significant hemolytic effect.
Cost‐driven software migration: An experience report
Authors: Sneed Harry M. , Verhoef Chris 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSoftware migration projects are often bound either by time or cost or by both. If the project is bound by both time and cost, the user must sacrifice something else, usually the quality. The migration strategy depends on how the project is bound. Most migration projects are bound by time. The new system must be in operation by a given date, no matter what it costs. The project described here—a state employee payroll system—is bound by cost. It must remain within the budget, no matter how long it takes. The original costs were estimated based on the code size and the productivity measured in previous migration projects using three different approaches: conversion, redevelopment, and reimplementation. The conversion approach would have been the cheapest, but it had already been tried and failed. The redevelopment approach was considered to be out of the question due to the high costs. Thus, reimplementation remained as the only alternative. The costs of this approach were estimated using three different estimation methods and approved by the state government. The project has been in progress for 4 years, and until now, the estimated costs and actual costs are in the same order of magnitude: the costs have remained within budget. In fact, the costs are less than what was estimated with some methods. As this particular project is not bound by time, it is a good example of continuous migration.
Recent Advances in Design of Flexible Electrodes for Miniaturized Supercapacitors
Authors: Yu Chenyang , An Jianing , Chen Qiang , Zhou Jinyuan , Huang Wei , Kim Young‐Jin , Sun Gengzhi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe increasing demands of portable, flexible, and wearable electronics have greatly stimulated the development of miniaturized supercapacitors (MSCs) with features of high flexibility, low weight, long lifespan, and safety. The techniques which can effectively incorporate functional nanomaterials into flexible electrodes are extremely important for future wide‐spread applications of MSCs, and thus are identified as the research focus in the field. Herein, this review focuses on recent advances in the fabrication of flexible electrodes and their applications in MSCs. In particular, the principles of the newly developed fiber spinning techniques and their utilization in designing microstructures and resulting electrochemical properties of fibrous electrodes are first described. Second, a few novel approaches to prepare planar MSCs and their special advantages are introduced, and third, the state‐of‐the‐art research in 3D stereo MSCs based on 3D printing and morphing technologies are discussed. In the end, the prospects and key challenges based on the considerations of performance improvement, device design, and system integration are outlined.
Childbearing Across Partnerships in Finland and Germany
Authors: Jalovaara Marika , Kreyenfeld Michaela 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis chapter examines gender differences in “multipartner fertility” – i.e., having children with several partners – in Germany and Finland. The analyses focus on women and men born around 1970 who are followed until age 41. We show that multipartner fertility is more common in Finland than in Germany. However, there are large East-West differences within Germany. East Germans are less likely to have a second or third child than West Germans, but those East Germans who progress to a higher order birth often have this child with a new partner. We also find some gender differences in behaviour. Men display lower transition rates than women of having a second child with a new partner. Further, having a first child at an early age is strongly and positively associated with multipartner fertility. No consistent relationship between education and multipartner fertility was found for Germany. In Finland, however, low education is associated with elevated risks of having children with different partners.
The Conceptual and Empirical Challenges of Estimating Trends in Union Stability: Have Unions Become More Stable in Britain?
Authors: Boertien Diederik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the conceptual and empirical challenges that arise once measuring union stability. Conceptually, the chapter discusses different ways of defining unions and what each way implies in terms of measurement. For the purposes of this chapter, union stability is defined as the stability of both marriages and co-residential unions. Available data sources are discussed as well as their possible biases. Empirically, the chapter compares two data sources from Britain to show that there are serious challenges to be overcome when using survey data to estimate trends in union stability. Survey data possibly overestimates union stability due to selective non-response and prospective surveys do not report many unions that existed according to retrospective data. Good news comes from a comparison of two retrospective sources which provide relatively consistent estimates of trends in union stability. If retrospective information is indeed to be trusted, union stability has been decreasing across cohorts (1974–1999), but this development appears to have stalled for the most recent cohort formed in 2000–2004. A lack of recent data, however, prevents us from knowing whether this trend has continued, underlining the need to invest in the repeated collection of retrospective union histories.
Right Colectomy with Absorbable Mesh Repair as a Salvage Solution for the Management of Giant Incisional Hernia with Loss of Domain: Results of a Bicentric Study
Authors: Benoit Olivier , Moszkowicz David , Milot Laurent , Cabral Dominique , Blanchet Marie‐Cécile , Peschaud Frédérique , Bouillot Jean‐Luc , Robert Maud 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncisional hernia (IH) may occur in 20% of patients after laparotomy. The hernia sac volume may be of significance, with reintegration of visceral contents potentially leading to repair failure or abdominal compartment syndrome. The present study aimed to evaluate a two‐step surgical strategy comprising right colectomy for hernia reduction with synchronous absorbable mesh repair followed by definitive non‐absorbable mesh repair in recurrence.MethodsPatients operated between 2012 and 2017 at two university centers were retrospectively included. Volumetric evaluation of the IH was performed by CT imaging.ResultsEleven patients were included. The mean BMI was 43 kg/m2 (23–52 kg/m2). Progressive preoperative pneumoperitoneum was performed in 82% of patients, with complications in 22%. The mean volumetric ratio of the volume of the hernia to the volume of the abdominal cavity was 70% (48–100%). The first parietal repair was performed using an synthetic absorbable mesh (36%), a biologic mesh (27%), or a slowly absorbable mesh (36%). No patients died as a result of the procedure. Seven (64%) patients developed grade III–IV complications, including one case of an anastomotic fistula. Recurrence occurred in eight (73%) patients after the first repair. Of these, four (50%) patients were reoperated using a non‐absorbable mesh, leading to solid repair in 75% of cases. After 27 ± 18 months of follow‐up, the residual IH rate was 46%.ConclusionsRight colectomy for volume reduction in IH with loss of domain potentially represents an appropriate salvage option, supporting bowel reintegration and temporary hernia repair with absorbable material.
Examining the roles of working memory and visual attention in multiple object tracking expertise
Authors: Harris David J. , Wilson Mark R. , Crowe Emily M. , Vine Samuel J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen tracking multiple moving targets among visually similar distractors, human observers are capable of distributing attention over several spatial locations. It is unclear, however, whether capacity limitations or perceptual–cognitive abilities are responsible for the development of expertise in multiple object tracking. Across two experiments, we examined the role of working memory and visual attention in tracking expertise. In Experiment 1, individuals who regularly engaged in object tracking sports (soccer and rugby) displayed improved tracking performance, relative to non-tracking sports (swimming, rowing, running) (p = 0.02, ηp2 = 0.163), but no differences in gaze strategy (ps > 0.31). In Experiment 2, participants trained on an adaptive object tracking task showed improved tracking performance (p = 0.005, d = 0.817), but no changes in gaze strategy (ps > 0.07). They did, however, show significant improvement in a working memory transfer task (p < 0.001, d = 0.970). These findings indicate that the development of tracking expertise is more closely linked to processing capacity limits than perceptual–cognitive strategies.
Investigating diachronic trends in phonological inventories using BDPROTO
Authors: Moran Steven , Grossman Eitan , Verkerk Annemarie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHere we present an expanded version ofbdproto, a database comprising phonological inventory data from 257 ancient and reconstructed languages. These data were extracted from historical linguistic reconstructions and brought together into a single unified, normalized, accessible, and Unicode-compliant language resource. This dataset is publicly available and we aim to engage language scientists doing research on language change and language evolution. Furthermore, we identify a hitherto undiscussed temporal bias that complicates the simple comparison of ancient and reconstructed languages with present-day languages. Due to the sparsity of the data and the absence of statistical and computational methods that can adequately handle this bias, we instead directly target rates of change within and across families, thereby providing a case study to highlightbdproto’s research viability; using phylogenetic comparative methods and high-resolution language family trees, we investigate whether consonantal and vocalic systems differ in their rates of change over the last 10,000 years. In light of the compilation ofbdprotoand the findings of our case study, we discuss the challenges involved in comparing the sound systems of reconstructed languages with modern day languages.
The neglected role of formal and informal institutions in women’s entrepreneurship: a multi-level analysis
Authors: Gimenez-Jimenez Daniela , Calabrò Andrea , Urbano David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article draws upon institutional theory to investigate whether and to what extent informal institutions (masculinity, power distance, individualism, and indulgence) affect the relationship between formal institutions (the public expenditure on childcare and the length of parental leave) and the likelihood that women will become entrepreneurs. The main findings show that societies characterized by high masculinity and/or low individualism amplify the relationship between the public expenditure on childcare and the likelihood that women will become entrepreneurs. Instead, high-indulgent societies weaken the negative relationship between the length of parental leave and the likelihood that women will become entrepreneurs. We provide a nuanced picture of women’s entrepreneurship by considering the neglected role of informal institutions.
The Amino Terminus of LeuT Changes Conformation in an Environment Sensitive Manner
Authors: Khan Jawad A. , Sohail Azmat , Jayaraman Kumaresan , Szöllősi Dániel , Sandtner Walter , Sitte Harald H. , Stockner Thomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNeurotransmitter:sodium symporters are highly expressed in the human brain and catalyze the uptake of substrate through the plasma membrane by using the electrochemical gradient of sodium as the energy source. The bacterial homolog LeuT, a small amino acid transporter isolated from the bacteria Aquifex aeolicus, is the founding member of the family and has been crystallized in three conformations. The N-terminus is structurally well defined and strongly interacts with the transporter core in the outward-facing conformations. However, it could not be resolved in the inward-facing conformation, which indicates enhanced mobility. Here we investigate conformations and dynamics of the N-terminus, by combining molecular dynamics simulations with experimental verification using distance measurements and accessibility studies. We found strongly increased dynamics of the N-terminus, but also that helix TM1A is subject to enhanced mobility. TM1A moves towards the transporter core in the membrane environment, reaching a conformation that is closer to the structure of LeuT with wild type sequence, indicating that the mutation introduced to create the inward-facing structure might have altered the position of helix TM1A. The mobile N-terminus avoids entering the open vestibule of the inward-facing state, as accessibility studies do not show any reduction of quenching by iodide of a fluorophore attached to the N-terminus.
Arbitrariness in the peer review process
Authors: Brezis Elise S. , Birukou Aliaksandr 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the causes and effects of arbitrariness in the peer review process. This paper focuses on two main reasons for the arbitrariness in peer review. The first is that referees are not homogenous and display homophily in their taste and perception of innovative ideas. The second element is that reviewers are different in the time they allocate for peer review. Our model replicates the NIPS experiment of 2014, showing that the ratings of peer review are not robust, and that altering reviewers leads to a dramatic impact on the ranking of the papers. This paper also shows that innovative works are not highly ranked in the existing peer review process, and in consequence are often rejected.
Nutrient Transformation and Removal from Treated Wastewater Recycled Via Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) in a Carbonate Aquifer
Authors: Vanderzalm Joanne , Page Declan , Regel Rudi , Ingleton Greg , Nwayo Chibuikem , Gonzalez Dennis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWastewater reuse coupled to managed aquifer recharge (MAR) provides a means to store and reuse treated wastewater (TWW) year-round. Determining the fate of nutrients in the subsurface during MAR remains challenging for environmental regulation due to the interaction of the MAR source water with site specific aquifer conditions. To facilitate the understanding of natural treatment processes, this study uses operational monitoring data from a full-scale aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) scheme using TWW to assess nutrient (N and P) transformation and fate. Analysis of median water quality injected into and recovered from the ASR wells for two complete ASR cycles (June 2014 to March 2016) was used to describe the removal of nutrients in an anoxic carbonate aquifer. Total nitrogen (TN) removal was dominated by redox processes, with median removal of 40 to 60% for TN and nitrate (the dominant N species) and higher removal of ammonia (95%) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) (70%). Total phosphorous (TP) removal was also observed (~ 90%) due to sorption (filterable reactive phosphorous median removal of ~ 80%). A 40% increase in median salinity was evident within each ASR cycle due to recovery of the entire volume of injected water each year (ambient groundwater is 200% higher in TDS, on average). A reduction in salinity of the recovered water could be achieved by leaving a residual of source water in the aquifer to create a buffer zone between the ambient groundwater and the fresher source water.
Fed-Batch Decolourization of Mixture of Brilliant Green and Evans Blue by Bacteria Species Applied as Pure and Mixed Cultures: Influence of Growth Conditions
Authors: Zabłocka-Godlewska Ewa , Przystaś Wioletta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSynthetic dyes, generally resistant, toxic and carcinogenic presents a substantial risk to the environment and health of human. The present study was aimed to decolourize a dye mixture (Evans blue and brilliant green) by selected bacterial strains cultivated at different growth conditions (e.g. unmodified, correction of pH value and supplementation with nutrients). The bacterial strains used as pure and mixed cultures include facultative anaerobesAeromonas hydrophila(Abs37),Citrobactersp. (Cbs50) and obligatory aerobePseudomonas putida(Pzr3). The efficiency of removal of all successive doses of dye mixture (4–5 doses, total load 170–200 mg/l) was tested in static conditions in fed-batch bioreactors. The modification of bacteria growth conditions influenced on decolourization efficiency: most advantageous was pH value correction combined with nutrient supplementation then pH correction alone and nutrient supplementation (final removal results 95.6–100%, 92.9–100% and 89.1–97.2%, respectively). The mixed bacterial cultures removed the total load of dyes with higher efficiency than pure strains (final removal 95.2–100% and 84.0–98.2%, respectively). The best results were obtained for the mixture of facultative anaerobeCitrobactersp. and obligatory aerobePseudomonas putidawhich removed the highest load of dye mixture (200 mg/l introduced at five doses) in the shortest time (288 h), while the others pure and mixed cultures needed 425–529 h for removal four doses of dye mixture (total load 170 mg/l). The zoo- and phytotoxicity decreased after these processes (from V class of toxicity (extremely toxic) even to II class (low toxicity)). The main mechanisms of decolourization was biotransformation/biodegradation, supported by sorption.