bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary enrichment of soil by alkaline emissions: The specific form of anthropo‐geogenic soil degradation near magnesite processing factories and possibilities of land management
Authors: Polláková Nora , Hamar Ján , Šimanský Vladimír , Bartkowiak Agata , Lemanowicz Joanna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOver the past 90 years, anthropogenic degradation of soil caused by alkaline, magnesium‐rich dust deposition has presented a serious problem near magnesite processing factories in Jelšava and in Lubeník (Slovakia). The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical and biological soil properties in 14 sampling sites at different distances from factories, and based on the results, to propose further use of affected land. Results revealed that the available Mg was 3‐ to 68‐fold that of medium‐textured soils at all grassland sampling sites, and areas close to the factories contained up to 14,366–17,394 mg kg−1. Higher amounts of available Mg caused significant increase of soil pH (up to 9.39) and worsened the conditions for the growth of vegetation. As a result, a lower stock of labile soil organic carbon (501–961 mg kg−1) with consequently weaker enzymatic activity occurred. Enrichment by organic matter provides a means to support the biological activity of soil. The content of monitored heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ni) was not related to Mg and did not influence the enzymatic activity of soil. Because alkaline emissions have decreased by 99.8% since 1970, the application of established measures (mechanical removal of the Mg‐rich crust, incorporation of gypsum and manure into the soil), or newer methods (growing of Mg hyper‐accumulating plants) can offer more lasting positive effects than could be achieved 50 years ago. This study concluded alkaline dust was the main factor affecting soil degradation. Nevertheless, the natural origin of Mg from Mg‐parent rocks should be allowed for.
Tight coupling of fungal community composition with soil quality in a Chinese fir plantation chronosequence
Authors: Chen Liang , Xiang Wenhua , Ouyang Shuai , Wu Huili , Xia Qi , Ma Jiani , Zeng Yelin , Lei Pifeng , Xiao Wenfa , Li Shenggong , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPredicting changes in carbon and nutrient cycles in plantations requires a mechanistic understanding of the effects of stand age on soil quality and microbial communities. Here, we evaluated soil quality by using an integrated soil quality index (SQI) and traced the parallel shifts in fungal community composition using high‐throughput sequencing in a chronosequence of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations (stand age of 3, 16, 25, 32, >80 years). Soil properties showed pronounced changes with stand age in the topsoil. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and available phosphorus (AP) were 2.1, 1.9 and 2.2 times higher, respectively, in the oldest stands than in the youngest stands. SQI of the top 5 cm increased logarithmically with stand age. Mycorrhizal fungi initially increased in younger stands, but then they were gradually replaced by saprotrophs in older stands due to larger litterfall. Strong positive correlations between saprotrophic fungi and key soil quality indicators, such as TN, AP and NH4+, confirmed that abundance of decomposers is tightly linked with higher soil quality. Mycorrhizal orders Thelephorales, Sebacinales and Russulales increased in abundance and raised the activity of acid phosphatase to mobilise limiting phosphorus from organic matter. Consequently, mycorrhizal fungi are especially relevant in younger stands to acquire nutrients to sustain tree productivity. In developed stands, however, saprotrophic fungi are crucial in recycling nutrients from the litter. Collectively, the increase of topsoil quality during the life cycle of Chinese fir plantations is closely linked with the observed transition of fungal communities from mycorrhizae to saprotrophs.
Simultaneously Improving Dielectric and Mechanical Properties of Crown Ether/Fluorinated Polyimide Films with Necklace‐Like Supramolecular Structure
Authors: Liu Shumei , Feng Qi , Li Yang , Chen Zhigeng , Zhao Jianqing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA necklace‐like supramolecular structure is constructed from 18‐crown ether‐6 (18CE6) as the host molecule and fluorinated polyimide (FPI) as the guest molecule to enhance the mechanical properties as well as to further lower the dielectric constant of FPI. The introduction of 18CE6 simultaneously enhances the stiffness and toughness of FPI films. In particular, the elongation at break is increased by over 200%. Furthermore, the dielectric constant of FPI films with 40 mol% 18CE6 is decreased to 2.74 from 3.15 of pure FPI, which is attributed to the enlarged free volume by the necklace‐like supramolecular structure of 18CE6/FPI. Accordingly, the glass transition temperature of 18CE6/FPI films is slightly reduced to 305 °C, which is still high enough during the soldering process for the preparation of flexible copper clad laminate. In addition, the water absorption of FPI films is gradually decreased to 0.52% as the loading of 18CE6 raises to 40 mol%, representing the excellent moisture resistance of 18CE6/FPI films.
Glass Transition Temperature Regulates Mechanical Performance in Nacre‐Mimetic Nanocomposites
Authors: Lossada Francisco , Abbasoglu Tansu , Jiao Dejin , Hoenders Daniel , Walther Andreas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough research in bioinspired nanocomposites is delivering mechanically superior nanocomposite materials, there remain gaps in understanding some fundamental design principles. This article discusses how the mechanical properties of nacre‐mimetic polymer/nanoclay nanocomposites with nanoconfined polymer layers are controlled by the thermo‐mechanical polymer properties, that is, glass transition temperature, Tg, using a series of poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate‐co‐N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) copolymers with tunable Tg from 130 to −55 °C. It is elucidated that both the type of copolymer and the nanoconfined polymer layer thickness control energy dissipation and inelastic deformation at high fractions of reinforcements in such bioinspired nanocomposites.
Cylindrical Zwitterionic Particles via Interpolyelectrolyte Complexation on Molecular Polymer Brushes
Authors: Pelras Théophile , Nonappa  , Mahon Clare S. , Müllner Markus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe fabrication of macromolecular architectures with high aspect ratio and well‐defined internal and external morphologies remains a challenge. The combination of template chemistry and self‐assembly concepts to construct peculiar polymer architectures via a bottom‐up approach is an emerging approach. In this study, a cylindrical template—namely a core–shell molecular polymer brush—and linear diblock copolymers (DBCP) associate to produce high aspect ratio polymer particles via interpolyelectrolyte complexation. Induced, morphological changes are studied using cryogenic transmission electron and atomic force microscopy, while the complexation is further followed by isothermal titration calorimetry and ξ‐potential measurements. Depending on the nature of the complexing DBCP, distinct morphological differences can be achieved. While polymers with a non‐ionic block lead to internal compartmentalization, polymers featuring zwitterionic domains lead to a wrapping of the brush template.
The Application of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Chiral Chemistry
Authors: Zhuo Siqi , Zhang Xiaoyue , Luo Huan , Wang Xuehua , Ji Yibing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) made their debut in 2005 and caused enthusiastic attention because of their ordered, crystalline structure. They are constructed with pure organic building blocks that are linked together by robust covalent linkages. COFs are applied in numerous fields due to their large surface area, architecture and chemistry stabilities, functional pore walls, and tunable frameworks. Incorporating COFs with chiral compounds can build chiral COFs (CCOFs), which have exhibited significant advantages in the chiral chemistry field. This review focuses on the applications of COFs for chiral catalysis, chiral separation, and chiral sensoring up to now. Furthermore, the synthesis and design strategies of CCOFs are also discussed in this article, since the COFs used in chiral chemistry are generally CCOFs. There also sums up the benefits and defects of COFs used in the chiral field and outlines future opportunities. The studies described in this review demonstrate not only the advantages of COFs in practical use but also novel solutions for the problems in the chirality area.
Seasonal Presence of Atlantic Sturgeon and Sharks at Cape Hatteras, a Large Continental Shelf Constriction to Coastal Migration
Authors: Rulifson Roger A. , Bangley Charles W. , Cudney Jennifer L. , Dell'Apa Andrea , Dunton Keith J. , Frisk Michael G. , Loeffler Michael S. , Balazik Matthew T. , Hager Christian , Savoy Tom , Brundage Harold M. , Post William C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Cape Hatteras is a major topographic feature on the continental shelf of the U.S. eastern seaboard that changes the dynamics of nearshore large ocean currents, including the Labrador Current and Gulf Stream. Cape Hatteras constricts shelf habitat and restricts the migratory corridors of highly migratory species through this area. Our objective was to describe the seasonal patterns of presence for three species—the Spiny Dogfish Squalus acanthias, Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, and Sandbar Shark Carcharhinus plumbeus—and analyze environmental conditions associated with fish presence near this feature. These species are managed under the Magnuson–Stevens Act, and two of them are also listed as species of concern under the Endangered Species Act. Transmitter detections from tagged fish recorded by the Cape Hatteras acoustic array, which was deployed just south of the cape, indicated that these species are present year-round. The greatest number of detections occurred from November through April. This simple baseline of seasonal presence can provide insights for regional offshore development activities, which have the potential to affect movement patterns of migratory species through the Cape Hatteras constriction. Our results show the value of strategically placed acoustic arrays for observing fish habitat use and provide presence/absence data to enhance our understanding of species ecology and distribution.
Assessing the Relative Selectivity of Multiple Sampling Gears for Managed Reef Fishes in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Christiansen Heather M. , Switzer Theodore S. , Keenan Sean F. , Tyler-Jedlund Amanda J. , Winner Brent L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Fishery-independent data are important for the effective management of reef fishes in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Proper characterization of selectivity, or the effectiveness of each type of sampling gear in capturing a species or a size-class, is essential to ensure that assessment models treat various sources of data appropriately. In this study, we analyzed fishery-independent data that was collected using stereo-baited remote underwater video (S-BRUV) arrays, chevron traps (TRAP), and two types of hooked gear (repetitive timed-drop [RTD] and vertical longline [VLL]) to assess gear-related differences of species composition and size selectivity of managed reef fishes in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Significant differences were detected in the assemblage structures of reef fishes in relation to region, gear type, and depth. Overall, eight managed species were identified as contributing to the top 70% of the assemblage structure for each gear type. Stereo-baited remote underwater video had the highest abundances for most of the species and the highest number of species captured, while VLL had the lowest. Two economically and ecologically important species (Red Grouper Epinephelus morio and Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus) were common to all four gear types, and the size selectivity of these two species generally overlapped. However, significant differences among gear types were detected. Unimodal selection curves for hooked gears indicated that size of Red Snapper and Red Grouper increased as hook size increased. These data provide insight on species and size selectivity of multiple gears, which will contribute to future survey design and aid in the management of reef-fish populations.
GDNF/RET Signaling Pathway Activation Eliminates Lewy Body Pathology in Midbrain Dopamine Neurons
Authors: Chmielarz Piotr , Er Şafak , Konovalova Julia , Bandres Laura , Hlushchuk Irena , Albert Katrina , Panhelainen Anne , Luk Kelvin , Airavaara Mikko , Domanskyi Andrii 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is associated with proteostasis disturbances and accumulation of misfolded α‐synuclein (α‐syn), a cytosolic protein present in high concentrations at pre‐synaptic neuronal terminals. It is a primary constituent of intracellular protein aggregates known as Lewy neurites or Lewy bodies. Progression of Lewy pathology caused by the prion‐like self‐templating properties of misfolded α‐syn is a characteristic feature in the brains of PD patients. Glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes survival of mature dopamine (DA) neurons in vitro and in vivo. However, the data on its effect on Lewy pathology is controversial.ObjectivesWe studied the effects of GDNF on misfolded α‐syn accumulation in DA neurons.MethodsLewy pathology progression was modeled by the application of α‐syn preformed fibrils in cultured DA neurons and in the adult mice.ResultsWe discovered that GDNF prevented accumulation of misfolded α‐syn in DA neurons in culture and in vivo. These effects were abolished by deletion of receptor tyrosine kinase rearranged during transfection (RET) or by inhibitors of corresponding signaling pathway. Expression of constitutively active RET protected DA neurons from fibril‐induced α‐syn accumulation.ConclusionsFor the first time, we have shown the neurotrophic factor‐mediated protection against the misfolded α‐syn propagation in DA neurons, uncovered underlying receptors, and investigated the involved signaling pathways. These results demonstrate that activation of GDNF/RET signaling can be an effective therapeutic approach to prevent Lewy pathology spread at early stages of PD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Segmented K‐space blipped‐controlled aliasing in parallel imaging for high spatiotemporal resolution EPI
Authors: Stirnberg Rüdiger , Stöcker Tony 
Published: September 2020

PurposeA segmented k‐space blipped‐controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (skipped‐CAIPI) sampling strategy for EPI is proposed, which allows for a flexible choice of EPI factor and phase encode bandwidth independent of the controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (CAIPI) sampling pattern.Theory and MethodsWith previously proposed approaches, exactly two EPI trajectories were possible given a specific CAIPI pattern, either with slice gradient blips (blipped‐CAIPI) or following a shot‐selective CAIPI approach (higher resolution). Recently, interleaved multi‐shot segmentation along shot‐selective CAIPI trajectories has been applied for high‐resolution anatomical imaging. For more flexibility and a broader range of applications, we propose segmentation along any blipped‐CAIPI trajectory. Thus, all EPI factors and phase encode bandwidths available with traditional segmented EPI can be combined with controlled aliasing.ResultsTemporal SNR maps of moderate‐to‐high‐resolution time series acquisitions at varying undersampling factors demonstrate beneficial sampling alternatives to blipped‐CAIPI or shot‐selective CAIPI. Rapid high‐resolution scans furthermore demonstrate SNR‐efficient and motion‐robust structural imaging with almost arbitrary EPI factor and minimal noise penalty.ConclusionSkipped‐CAIPI sampling increases protocol flexibility for high spatiotemporal resolution EPI. In terms of SNR and efficiency, high‐resolution functional or structural scans benefit vastly from a free choice of the CAIPI pattern. Even at moderate resolutions, the independence of sampling pattern, TE, and image matrix size is valuable for optimized functional protocol design. Although demonstrated with 3D‐EPI, skipped‐CAIPI is also applicable with simultaneous multislice EPI.
Assessment of hepatic pyruvate carboxylase activity using hyperpolarized [1‐13C]‐l‐lactate
Authors: Chen Jun , Hackett Edward P. , Kovacs Zoltan , Malloy Craig R. , Park Jae Mo 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo evaluate the utility of hyperpolarized [1‐13C]‐l‐lactate to detect hepatic pyruvate carboxylase activity in vivo under fed and fasted conditions.Methods[1‐13C]‐labeled sodium L‐lactate was polarized using a dynamic nuclear polarizer. Polarization level and the T1 were measured in vitro in a 3 Telsa MR scanner. Two groups of healthy rats (fasted vs. fed) were prepared for in vivo studies. Each rat was anesthetized and intravenously injected with 60‐mM hyperpolarized [1‐13C]‐l‐lactate, immediately followed by dynamic acquisition of 13C (carbon‐13) MR spectra from the liver at 3 Tesla. The dosage‐dependence of the 13C‐products was also investigated by performing another injection of an equal volume of 30‐mM hyperpolarized [1‐13C]‐l‐lactate.ResultsT1 and liquid polarization level of [1‐13C]‐l‐lactate were estimated as 67.8 s and 40.0%, respectively. [1‐13C]pyruvate and [1‐13C]alanine, [13C]bicarbonate () and [1‐13C]aspartate were produced from hyperpolarized [1‐13C]‐l‐lactate in rat liver. Smaller and larger aspartate were measured in the fed group compared to the fasted group. Pyruvate and alanine production were increased in proportion to the lactate concentration, whereas the amount of and aspartate production was consistent between 30‐mM and 60‐mM lactate injections.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that a unique biomarker of pyruvate carboxylase flux, the appearance of [1‐13C]aspartate from [1‐13C]‐l‐lactate, is sensitive to nutritional state and may be monitored in vivo at 3 Tesla. Because [13C] is largely produced by pyruvate dehydrogenase flux, these results suggest that the ratio of [1‐13C]aspartate and [13C] (aspartate/) reflects the saturable pyruvate carboxylase/pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme activities.
“Push‐button” noncontrast MR angiography using balanced T1 relaxation‐enhanced steady‐state (bT1RESS)
Authors: Edelman Robert R. , Koktzoglou Ioannis 
Published: September 2020

PurposeWe introduce a MR imaging technique, balanced T1 relaxation‐enhanced steady‐state (bT1RESS), that provides the unique capability to efficiently impart a flexible amount of T1 weighting to a balanced steady‐state free precession acquisition using periodically applied contrast‐modifying RF pulses. Leveraging this capability to suppress the signal intensity of background tissues, we implemented a 3D noncontrast MR angiography technique that continuously acquires thin overlapping 3D volumes and tested it for evaluation of the peripheral arteries.MethodsbT1RESS used a fast interrupted steady‐state readout with a 45° cslab‐selective ontrast‐modifying RF pulse applied at 262 msec intervals. A series of 16.4‐mm thick overlapping 3D volumes was acquired using a radial stack‐of‐stars k‐space trajectory. The combination of slice oversampling, slab overlap, and averaging of edge slices was helpful to reduce venetian blind artifact. Spatial resolution was near isotropic with reconstructed slice thickness = 0.7 mm and in‐plane resolution = 0.5 mm.ResultsPilot studies in the peripheral arteries demonstrated improved vessel sharpness compared with cardiac‐gated quiescent interval slice‐selective noncontrast MR angiography. bT1RESS noncontrast MR angiography reliably identified stenotic and occlusive arterial disease in a small cohort of patients with peripheral artery disease.ConclusionsbT1RESS provides the basis for a simplified, completely “push button” approach for noncontrast MR angiography that obviates the need for contrast agents, electrocardiographic gating, scout imaging, breath holding, or tailoring of imaging parameters for the individual patient. Further work is needed for technical optimization and clinical validation.
Compressed sensing MRI using an interpolation‐free nonlinear diffusion model
Authors: Joy Ajin , Jacob Mathews , Paul Joseph Suresh 
Published: September 2020

PurposeConstraints in extended neighborhood system demand the use of a large number of interpolations in directionality‐guided compressed‐sensing nonlinear diffusion MR image reconstruction technique. This limits its practical application in terms of computational complexity. The proposed method aims at multifold improvement in its runtime without compromising the image quality.Theory and MethodsConventional approach to extended neighborhood computation requires 108 linear interpolations per pixel for 10 sets of neighborhoods. We propose a neighborhood stretching technique that systematically extends the location of neighboring pixels such that 66% to 100% fewer interpolations are required to compute the gradients along multiple directions. A spatial frequency–based deviation measure is then used to choose the most reliable edges from the set of images generated by diffusion along different directions.ResultsThe semi‐interpolated and interpolation‐free diffusion techniques proposed in this paper are compared with the fully interpolated diffusion‐based reconstruction by reconstruing multiple multichannel in vivo datasets, undersampled using different sampling patterns at various sampling rates. Results indicate a two‐ to fivefold increase in reconstruction speed with a potential to generate 1 to 2 dB improvement in peak SNR measure.ConclusionThe proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art fully interpolated diffusion model and generates high‐quality reconstructions for different sampling patterns and acceleration factors with a two‐ to fivefold increment in reconstruction speed. This makes it the most suitable candidate for edge‐preserving penalties used in the compressed sensing MRI reconstruction methods.
Drug utilization study on immediate release Fentanyl in Spain. Prevalence, incidence, and indication
Authors: González‐Bermejo Diana , Rayón‐Iglesias Pilar , Rodríguez‐Pascual Alfonso , Álvarez‐Gutiérrez Arturo , Fernández‐Dueñas Ana , Montero‐Corominas Dolores , Huerta‐Álvarez Consuelo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to characterize the trends of immediate release fentanyl (IRF) use in Spain between 2012 and 2017 and indication for its use. IRF drugs are rapid‐acting opioids approved to treat breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) in patients already receiving maintenance opioid therapy for chronic cancer pain. A substantial increase in consumption of IRF has been observed with emerging cases of abuse and dependence, most of them in noncancer patients.MethodsAn ecological descriptive consumption study with aggregated data from drug dispensed by community pharmacies and reimbursed by the National Health System in which Defined Daily Doses per 10 000 inhabitants (DID) were calculated and a retrospective cohort study using data from the Spanish Database for Pharmacoepidemiological Research in Primary Care in which participants entered the cohort study after 1 year with the Primary Care Practitioners were performed. Annual prevalence and incidence rate of IRF use were estimated by sex and calendar year. Potential indication was also assessed.ResultsIRF use in Spain increased from 2.1 DID in 2012 to 3.8 DID in 2017. The incidence rate and prevalence increased in 53% and 74%, respectively. Patients without previous cancer or BCTP diagnosis represented 27% of incident users, predominantly women. Half of patients with noncancer‐related diagnosis had a musculoskeletal disorder linked to the first IRF prescription.ConclusionsNational consumption and new IRF users in Spain increased over the study period and one quarter of patients did not have a BTCP or cancer diagnosis registered in their clinical record.