bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New perspectives in allergen specific immunotherapy driven by big trials with house dust mite sublingual SQ® tablets
Authors: Vitiello Gianfranco , Maltagliati Lucia , Rossi Oliviero 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHouse-dust mites (HDM) allergy is the prevailing condition in subjects allergic to inhalants. Clinical studies with HDM extracts—either subcutaneous (SCIT) or sublingual (SLIT) have long been characterized by small sample size, varying allergen doses, and poorly defined endpoints assessing disease severity. In the last decade, well-designed, randomized, controlled studies recruiting thousands of patients have been conducted with newly developed HDM sublingual tablets (SQ®-HDM tablets). This drug is easily dispersible in the oral cavity due to the patented Zydis®technology and its allergen composition is balanced in terms of group I and group II major mite allergen content, reflecting the equal contribution of the two components to HDM sensitization. HDM is the most common allergen associated with asthma. Clinical efficacy of the SQ®HDM SLIT-tablet in HDM allergic asthma has been evaluated in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Both endpoints related to “present” asthma control (inhaled corticosteroid—ICS) as well as endpoints related to “future” asthma control (occurrence of asthma exacerbations) were included in these studies, in agreement with GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) guidelines. Based on the positive results of these studies, SQ®-HDM SLIT-tablets were approved Europe-wide as registered drug for treating moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis with or without allergic asthma and not well controlled HDM allergic asthma, associated with allergic rhinitis of any severity. GINA guidelines in 2017 included SLIT-tablet-based immunotherapy as an “add-on” treatment for asthmatic patients sensitized to HDM; indeed, allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is considered to be a complementary treatment option that targets the immunological of allergic diseases, representing the only treatment potentially disease-modifier or, at least, with a long-term efficacy. The availability of a safe, standardized, registered treatment for HDM respiratory allergies is pivotal in the immunotherapy field, pushing it out of a century-long limbo of amatorial interest towards the full dignity deserved by the only casual treatment of respiratory allergies.
Perceived risks and amelioration of harm in research using mobile technology to support antiretroviral therapy adherence in the context of methamphetamine use: a focus group study among minorities living with HIV
Authors: Pasipanodya Elizabeth C. , Kohli Maulika , Fisher Celia B. , Moore David J. , Curtis Brenda 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Methamphetamine use poses a barrier to antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Black and Hispanic men who have sex with men living with HIV (PLWH) shoulder much of the health burden resulting from the methamphetamine and HIV syndemic. Smartphones are nearly ubiquitous in the USA and may be promising vehicles for delivering interventions for ART adherence and drug use cessation. However, the acceptability of using applications to collect sensitive information and deliver feedback in this population has not been adequately explored.

Objective
This study examined minority PLWH’s appraisals of the risks of participating in smartphone-based research to promote ART adherence in the context of methamphetamine use and explored their views on appropriate steps to mitigate perceived risks of participation.

Methods
Three focus groups were conducted among Black and Hispanic PLWH who use methamphetamine. Of the 13 participants, 5 had previously participated in a smartphone-based observational study of ART adherence and substance use. Discussants provided feedback on smartphone-based research, including receiving probes for HIV medication adherence, mood, and substance use as well as feedback on passive location-tracking for personalized messages. Transcribed audio-recordings were thematically coded and analyzed using the qualitative software MAXQDA.

Results
Participants expressed confidentiality concerns related to potential unintentional disclosure of their HIV status and methamphetamine use and to possible legal consequences. They additionally expressed concerns around the invasiveness of daily assessments and the potential of methamphetamine use questions to trigger cravings. To mitigate these concerns, they suggested maintaining participant privacy by indirectly asking sensitive questions, focusing on positive behaviors (e.g., number of days sober), allowing user-initiated reporting of location to tailor messages, and ensuring adequate data protections. In addition to financial compensation, participants cited altruism (specifically, continuing a tradition of volunteerism in HIV research) as a motivator for potentially engaging in such research.

Conclusions
Minority PLWH have concerns regarding the use of smartphones for ART adherence and methamphetamine sobriety intervention research. However, minority PLWH are likely to participate if studies include appropriate protections against risks to confidentiality and experimental harm and are designed to offer future benefit to themselves and other PLWH.
Spawning induction, development and culturing of the solitary ascidian Polycarpa mytiligera, an emerging model for regeneration studies
Authors: Gordon Tal , Roth Lachan , Caicci Federico , Manni Lucia , Shenkar Noa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAscidians (phylum Chordata, class Ascidiacea) represent the closest living invertebrate relatives of the vertebrates and constitute an important model for studying the evolution of chordate development. The solitary ascidianPolycarpa mytiligeraexhibits a robust regeneration ability, unique among solitary chordates, thus offering a promising new model for regeneration studies. Understanding its reproductive development and establishing land-based culturing methods is pivotal for utilizing this species for experimental studies. Its reproduction cycle, spawning behavior, and developmental processes were therefore studied in both the field and the lab, and methods were developed for its culture in both open and closed water systems.ResultsField surveys revealed thatP. mytiligera’snatural recruitment period starts in summer (June) and ends in winter (December) when seawater temperature decreases. Laboratory experiments revealed that low temperature (21 °C) has a negative effect on its fertilization and development. Although spontaneous spawning events occur only between June and December, we were able to induce spawning under controlled conditions year-round by means of gradual changes in the environmental conditions. Spawning events, followed by larval development and metamorphosis, took place in ascidians maintained in either artificial or natural seawater facilities.P. mytiligera’s fast developmental process indicated its resemblance to other oviparous species, with the larvae initiating settlement and metamorphosis at about 12 h post-hatching, and reaching the juvenile stage 3 days later.ConclusionsPolycarpa mytiligeracan be induced to spawn in captivity year-round, independent of the natural reproduction season. The significant advantages ofP. mytiligeraas a model system for regenerative studies, combined with the detailed developmental data and culturing methods presented here, will contribute to future research addressing developmental and evolutionary questions, and promote the use of this species as an applicable model system for experimental studies.
Contracting as a bridging factor linking outer and inner contexts during EBP implementation and sustainment: a prospective study across multiple U.S. public sector service systems
Authors: Lengnick-Hall Rebecca , Willging Cathleen , Hurlburt Michael , Fenwick Karissa , Aarons Gregory A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundBridging factors are relational ties (e.g. partnerships), formal arrangements (e.g. contracts or polices) and processes (e.g. data sharing agreements) linking outer and inner contexts and are a recent evolution of the Exploration-Preparation-Implementation-Sustainment (EPIS) framework. Bridging factor research can elucidate ways that service systems may influence and/or be influenced by organizations providing health services. This study used the EPIS framework and open systems and resource dependence theoretical approaches to examine contracting arrangements in U.S. public sector systems. Contracting arrangements function as bridging factors through which systems communicate, interact, and exchange resources with the organizations operating within them.MethodsThe sample included 17 community-based organizations in eight service systems.Longitudinal data is derived from 113 contract documents and 88 qualitative interviews and focus groups involving system and organizational stakeholders. Analyses consisted of a document review using content analysis and focused coding of transcripts from the interviews and focus groups. A multiple case study analysis was conducted to identify patterns across service systems and organizations. The dataset represented service systems that had sustained the same EBP for between 2 and 10 years, which allowed for observation of bridging factors and outer-inner context interactions over time.ResultsService systems and organizations influenced each other in a number of ways through contracting arrangements. Service systems influenced organizations when contracting arrangements resulted in changes to organizational functioning, required organizational responses to insufficient funding, and altered interorganizational network relationships. Organizations influenced service systems when contract arrangements prompted organization-driven contract negotiation/tailoring, changes to system-level processes, and interorganizational collaboration. Service systems and organizations were dependent on each other as implementation progressed. Resources beyond funding emerged, including adequate numbers of eligible clients, expertise in the evidence-based practice, and training and coaching capacity.ConclusionThis study advances implementation science by expanding the range and definition of bridging factors and illustrating specific bi-directional influences between outer context service systems and inner context organizations. This study also identifies bi-directional dependencies over the course of implementation and sustainment. An analysis of influence, dependencies, and resources exchanged through bridging factors has direct implications for selecting and tailoring implementation strategies, especially those that require system-level coordination and change.
A fractional-order Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense model with vector saturation and temperature dependent parameters
Authors: Helikumi Mlyashimbi , Kgosimore Moatlhodi , Kuznetsov Dmitry , Mushayabasa Steady 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTemperature is one of the integral environmental drivers that strongly affect the distribution and density of tsetse fly population. Precisely, ectotherm performance measures, such as development rate, survival probability and reproductive rate, increase from low values (even zero) at critical minimum temperature, peak at an optimum temperature and then decline to low levels (even zero) at a critical maximum temperature. In this study, a fractional-order Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense model incorporating vector saturation and temperature dependent parameters is considered. The proposed model incorporates the interplay between vectors and two hosts, humans and animals. We computed the basic reproduction number and established results on the threshold dynamics. Meanwhile, we explored the effects of vector control and screening of infected host on long-term disease dynamics. We determine threshold levels essential to reducing the basic reproduction number to level below unity at various temperature levels. Our findings indicate that vector control and host screening could significantly control spread of the disease at different temperature levels.
Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the active-emphatic listening scale
Authors: Asai Keigo , Hiraizumi Taku , Hanzawa Reino 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Active-emphatic listening is active listening that focuses on empathy. The Active-Empathic Listening Scale (AELS) is a self-report scale comprising three dimensions: sensing, processing, and responding. However, translated versions are not available for languages used in Asian countries, such as Japanese. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate and report on the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the AELS.

Methods
After the scale was back translated, 728 Japanese university students completed the Japanese AELS. Of those participants, 566 responded to Japanese versions of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and Encode, Decode, Control, and Regulate Model (ENDCOREs) for validation, and the Japanese AELS was administered again to 59 participants after 3 weeks, to determine test-retest reliability. This study used confirmatory factor analysis to validate the scale’s three-factor structure. To evaluate reliability, Cronbach’s α, McDonald’s omega, and intra-class correlation coefficient were calculated. To examine validity, correlation and partial correlation analyses were conducted.

Results
Results indicated that the factor structure of the Japanese AELS was equivalent to that of the original AELS (CFI = .942, TLI = .920, RMSEA = .055). The scale had adequate internal reliability (sensing: α = .64/ ω = .72, processing: α = .61/ ω = .62, responding: α = .68/ ω = .77, total: α = .82/ ω = .86) and a moderate test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient (sensing: .53, 95%Cl [.31–.69], processing: .48, 95%Cl [.26–.65], responding: .52, 95%Cl [.31–.68], total: .51, 95%Cl [.29–.68]). Criterion-related validity was demonstrated by the positive correlation between the Japanese AELS and other measures (IRI and ENDCOREs).

Conclusions
These results suggest that the validity of the Japanese AELS is relatively comparable to the original AELS; however, it will be necessary to determine potential cultural concerns by comparing Japanese culture and other Asian cultures in future studies. The Japanese AELS is expected to be used to measure the outcomes of active listening training in Japan.
The Role of Diffusion Weighted Imaging in suspected cases of ovarian cancer
Authors: Ali Rahma Farghaly , Nassef Hana Hamdy , Ibrahim Ahmed Mohamed , Chalabi Nivine Abdel Moneim , Mohamed Asmaa Magdy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological malignancy and often diagnosed late with extensive peritoneal and nodal metastasis. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) provides valuable information about the structural properties of the tissue and has shown great value in cancer imaging. Recently developed post-processing three-dimensional apparent diffusion coefficient (3D ADC) map has a significant value in variable tumors yet its role in ovarian cancer is not well established. We aim to evaluate the added value of DWI and 3D ADC maps in the diagnosis of ovarian masses, detection of nodal and peritoneal deposits, and so appropriate management planning.

Results
Conventional MRI and DWI were performed to fifty-one patients with complex cystic or solid adnexal lesions depicted by gynecological ultrasonography. Results were compared with surgical and histopathologic findings revealing 23/51 (45%) had malignant ovarian tumors and 28/51 (55%) had benign ovarian pathologies. The mean 3D ADC values were 0.977 ± 0.32, 0.934 ± 0.27, and 0.956 ± 0.25 × 10−3 mm2/s for ovarian, nodal, and peritoneal malignancy respectively which were significantly lower than the mean 3D ADC values of benign ovarian lesions, non-metastatic lymph nodes and benign peritoneal lesions/fat which were measured 1.516 ± 0.6, 1.208 ± 0.25, and 1.46 ± 0.43 × 10−3 mm2/s respectively.

Conclusion
Adding DWI and 3D ADC maps to routine MRI improves the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting ovarian malignancy, nodal, and peritoneal metastasis. They also provide qualitative data helping in the differentiation of malignant and non-malignant entities.
Hyperprolactinaemia in the context of psychiatry
Authors: Romain Karen , Fynes-Clinton Sarah , Harmer David , Kumar Manoj 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYAdvocating for good physical healthcare for their patients is of the utmost importance to psychiatrists. This narrative review focuses on one part of this large goal, the topic of hyperprolactinaemia from the perspective of mental healthcare. For psychiatrists this often includes managing raised prolactin levels in the context of medication. However, they must consider the wider differentials of a raised prolactin level and the possible impact of treatments. For that reason, in this review we start with an overview of prolactin physiology before considering hyperprolactinaemia both in the context of antipsychotic therapy and its wider differentials, including prolactinoma. Investigation and management are considered and key practice points developed.
Oncologist Confidence in Genomic Testing and Implications for Using Multimarker Tumor Panel Tests in Practice
Authors: de Moor Janet S. , Gray Stacy W. , Mitchell Sandra A. , Klabunde Carrie N. , Freedman Andrew N. 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSEThe evolution of precision oncology increasingly requires oncologists to incorporate genomic testing into practice. Yet, providers’ confidence with genomic testing is poorly documented. This article describes medical oncologists’ confidence with genomic testing and the association between genomic confidence and test use.METHODSWe used data from the 2017 National Survey of Precision Medicine in Cancer Treatment to characterize oncologists’ confidence with genomic testing. Genomic confidence was examined separately by type of test user: next-generation sequencing (NGS) only, gene expression (GE) only, both NGS and GE, or nonuser. Predictors of genomic confidence were examined with multinomial logistic regression. The association between genomic confidence and test use was examined with multivariable linear regression.RESULTSMore than 75% of genomic test users were either moderately or very confident about using results from multimarker tumor panel tests to guide patient care. Confidence with using multimarker tumor panel tests was highest among both NGS and GE test users, with 60.1% very confident in using test results, and lowest among NGS-only test users, with 38.2% very confident in using test results. Oncologists were most confident in using single-gene tests and least confident in using whole-genome or -exome sequencing to guide patient care. Genomic confidence was positively associated with self-reported test use. In adjusted models, training in genomics, larger patient volume, and treating patients with solid tumors predicted higher genomic confidence. Onsite pathology services and receipt of electronic medical record alerts for genomic testing predicted lower genomic confidence.CONCLUSIONOncologists’ confidence varies by testing platform, patient volume, genomic training, and practice infrastructure. Research is needed to identify modifiable factors that can be targeted to enhance provider confidence with genomic testing.
Application of Principal Component Analysis to Newborn Screening for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Lasarev Michael R , Bialk Eric R , Allen David B , Held Patrice K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Newborn screening laboratories are challenged to develop reporting algorithms that accurately identify babies at increased risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD). Screening algorithms typically use cutoff values for a key steroid(s) and include considerations for covariates, such as gestational age or birth weight, but false-positive and false-negative results are still too frequent, preventing accurate assessments. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical method that reduces high-dimensional data to a small number of components, capturing patterns of association that may be relevant to the outcome of interest. To our knowledge, PCA has not been evaluated in the newborn screening setting to determine whether it can improve the positive predictive value of 21OHD screening.

Methods
PCA was applied to a data set of 920 newborns with measured concentrations of 5 key steroids that are known to be perturbed in patients with 21OHD. A decision tree for the known outcomes (confirmed 21OHD cases and unaffected individuals) was created with 2 principal components as predictors. The effectiveness of the PCA-derived decision tree was compared with the current algorithm.

Results
PCA improved the positive predictive value of 21OHD screening from 20.0% to 66.7% in a retrospective study comparing the current algorithm to a tree-based algorithm using PCA-derived variables. The streamlined PCA-derived decision tree, comprising only 3 assessment points, greatly simplified the 21OHD reporting algorithm.

Conclusions
This first report of PCA applied to newborn screening for 21OHD demonstrates enhanced detection of affected individuals within the unaffected population.
Live for Me: Vicarious Experience and Aesthetic Education in The Ambassadors and Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship
Authors: Attridge John 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A capacity for vicarious experience is one of Lambert Strether's most celebrated characteristics, apparent not only in his famous injunction to Little Bilham to “live all you can,” but also in his more general attitude toward Chad Newsome's life in Paris, which he proposes, at one point, to regard as a substitute for his own youth. This incorrigible tendency to live his life through the experiences of others might seem to conflict with the goals of Bildung or aesthetic education, since, if nothing else, the experiences that constitute such an education ought surely to be one's own. But although the bildungsroman as a genre is often thought to be concerned with the formation of an individual subject, the concept of Bildung articulated by Goethe and his Weimar associates in the 1790s in fact assigns a particular importance to the idea of vicarious experience. In the archetypal bildungsroman, for instance, Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship, Wilhelm's education is not complete until he can see himself as a “representative of the species,” in Schiller's phrase, and thus seek consolation for his own limitations in the achievements of other human beings. In this perspective, James's portrait of a “man of imagination” whose education consists in imagining the experiences of others is not a deviation from the tradition of the bildungsroman but a realization of one of the genre's originary possibilities.