bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-Acute Care Admissions Among Medicare Beneficiaries with Disabilities During Payment Reform and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Prusynski Rachel , Leland Natalie E , Humbert Andrew , Amaravadi Harsha , Brown Cait , Dahal Arati , Saliba Debra , Mroz Tracy M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Recent Medicare payment reforms aimed to improve post-acute access to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) and home health agencies (HHAs) for patients with complex care needs, including beneficiaries with disabilities. Soon after reforms were implemented, the COVID-19 pandemic began, which disproportionately impacted older adults and people with disabilities. Leveraging Medicare administrative data to identify two distinct cohorts of beneficiaries with disabilities, this study explored changes in their SNF and HHA admission patterns during payment reform and COVID-19.

Research Design and Methods
Secondary analysis of 2018-2021 Medicare administrative data for two cohorts of fee-for-service beneficiaries with disabilities: 1) enrollees with disability as the reason for original entitlement (OE) and 2) enrollees qualifying based on age who have disabling conditions and/or mobility impairments (C&I). Adjusted linear mixed effects models with interaction terms for disability cohort estimated whether differences in SNF and HHA admissions following hospitalization varied over time by disability cohort.

Results
For 7,732,989 hospitalizations in the OE cohort and 7,028,195 hospitalizations in the C&I cohort, SNF admissions decreased over time while HHA admissions increased. Compared to the C&I cohort, the OE cohort experienced lower SNF admissions throughout the study and smaller changes in SNF and HHA admissions.

Discussion and Implications
Both disability cohorts experienced decreased SNF and increased HHA admissions following payment reform and COVID-19. The magnitudes of changes differed between the disability cohorts. These results highlight the heterogeneity in healthcare experiences across disability cohorts and the importance of including multiple definitions of disability in research using administrative datasets.
Quantitative Stability of Sobolev Inequalities on Compact Riemannian Manifolds
Authors: Nobili Francesco , Parise Davide 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study quantitative stability results for different classes of Sobolev inequalities on general compact Riemannian manifolds. We prove that, up to constants depending on the manifold, a function that nearly saturates a critical Sobolev inequality is quantitatively $W^{1,2}$-close to a non-empty set of extremal functions, provided that the corresponding optimal Sobolev constant satisfies a suitable strict bound. The case of sub-critical Sobolev inequalities is also covered. Finally, we discuss degenerate phenomena in our quantitative controls.
Hibecovirus (genus Betacoronavirus) infection linked to gut microbial dysbiosis in bats
Authors: Melville Dominik W , Meyer Magdalena , Risely Alice , Wilhelm Kerstin , Baldwin Heather J , Badu Ebenezer K , Nkrumah Evans Ewald , Oppong Samuel Kingsley , Schwensow Nina , Tschapka Marco , Vallo Peter , Corman Victor M , Drosten Christian , Sommer Simone 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Little is known about how zoonotic virus infections manifest in wildlife reservoirs. However, a common health consequence of enteric virus infections is gastrointestinal diseases following a shift in gut microbial composition. The sub-Saharan hipposiderid bat complex has recently emerged to host at least three coronaviruses (CoVs), with Hipposideros caffer D appearing particularly susceptible to Hibecovirus CoV-2B infection. In this study, we complement body condition and infection status data with information about the gut microbial community to understand the health impact of CoV infections in a wild bat population. Of the three CoVs, only infections with the distantly SARS-related Hibecovirus CoV-2B were associated with lower body condition and altered the gut microbial diversity and composition. The gut microbial community of infected bats became progressively less diverse and more dissimilar with infection intensity, arguing for dysbiosis as per the Anna-Karenina principle. Putatively beneficial bacteria, such as from the genera Alistipes and Christensenella, decreased with infection intensity, while potentially pathogenic bacteria, namely Mycoplasma and Staphylococcus, increased. Infections with enterically replicating viruses may therefore cause changes in body condition and gut dysbiosis with potential negative health consequences even in virus reservoirs. We argue that high-resolution data on multiple health markers, ideally including microbiome information, will provide a more nuanced picture of bat disease ecology.
Melatonin supplementation to sows in mid to late gestation affects offspring circadian, myogenic, and growth factor transcript abundance in pre and postnatal skeletal muscle
Authors: Dobbins Thomas W , Swanson Rebecca M , Dennis Amberly A , Rivera J Daniel , Dinh Thu T N , Lemley Caleb O , Burnett Derris D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The neuroendocrine hormone melatonin is associated with circadian rhythms and has antioxidant and vasodilative properties. In cattle, melatonin rescues fetal growth during maternal nutrient restriction in a seasonally dependent manner, but melatonin research in swine is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary melatonin supplementation during mid to late gestation on circadian rhythm and muscle growth and development of the longissimus dorsi in utero and postnatally. Sows received 20 mg of dietary melatonin daily (MEL) or no melatonin supplement (CON). Experiment 1 supplemented sows from gestational age (dGA) 38 ± 1 to 99 ± 1, experiment 2 supplemented sows from 41 to 106 ± 1 dGA, and experiment 3 supplemented sows from 60 dGA to farrowing. At harvest, morphometric measurements of all fetuses were taken, while the small (SM), medium (MED), and large (LG) piglets from each litter were used for further analysis. Prenatal data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, and postnatal data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure. Fetal morphometrics were analyzed for fixed the effect of treatment, and transcript abundance was analyzed for treatment, time, and size. Postnatal parameters were analyzed for fixed effects of treatment, size, and production stage. In experiment 1, MEL increased (P = 0.016) Period 1 (PER1) transcript abundance in the evening (PM) compared to the morning (AM). In experiment 1, myogenin (MYOG) transcript abundance was increased (P = 0.033) in MEL fetuses in the AM compared to MEL in the PM. Myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) and paired box 7 (PAX7) were increased (P = 0.016) in the PM. Fetuses from MEL-treated sows had increased (P &lt; 0.05) BW, curve crown-rump length, and head circumference in experiment 2. In experiment 2, MEL increased (P = 0.012) PER1 and Period 2 (PER2) transcript abundance in the PM. In experiment 2, myoblast differentiation 1 (MYOD) was increased (P = 0.016) in SM and MED fetuses, while MYF5 and PAX7 were increased (P = 0.019) in SM fetuses. Postnatal BW was increased (P = 0.025) in MED and LG MEL-treated offspring compared to CON. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) was downregulated (P = 0.050) in MEL-treated offspring, while insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) was upregulated (P = 0.009) in MEL offspring. These results indicate that maternal melatonin supplementation during gestation modulates fetal circadian regulatory genes and alters myogenic genes during growth.
Species-specific differences in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity depend on HSP70 expression level
Authors: Tsuji Daisuke , Akagi Reiko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Acetaminophen (N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol: APAP) is one of the most commonly used analgesic/antipyretic drugs with proven safety at therapeutic doses, however, over-dosage causes dose-dependent liver damage, leading to acute liver failure in severe cases. The level of APAP-induced liver injury has been known to vary amongst animal species, and APAP concentrations that induce cell death have been investigated using primary cultured cells. We constructed in vitro model of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity using mouse, rat and human hepatoma cell lines to investigate species differences in the APAP-induced cytotoxicity by monitoring cell death as a marker. The EC50 for each cell line was Hepa1–6 (mouse) &lt; H-4-II-E (rat) &lt; Hep3B (human), whilst the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), which was a typical molecular chaperone, positively correlated with the EC50 of each cell. Heat shock treatment, which caused activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) followed by significant induction of HSP70, partially suppressed APAP-induced cell death in Hepa1–6 and H-4-II-E. Moreover, HSP70 or HSF1 siRNA treatment in Hep3B enhanced APAP-induced cell death. These results suggest that APAP-induced cell death in hepatoma cell lines may be partly mediated by protein denaturation and that the expression level of HSP70 has an inhibitory effect.
The relationship between baseline bone mineral density and fracture incidence in the placebo groups of randomized controlled trials using individual patient data from the FNIH-ASBMR-SABRE project
Authors: Schini Marian , Lui Li-Yung , Vilaca Tatiane , Ewing Susan K , Thompson Austin , Bauer Douglas C , Bouxsein Mary L , Black Dennis M , Eastell Richard 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We have proposed to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that treatment-related increases in total hip BMD (TH BMD) at 2 yr could be a surrogate endpoint for fracture risk reduction in clinical trials. The qualification of a surrogate includes a strong association of the surrogate with the clinical outcome. We compiled a large database of individual patient data (IPD) through the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health-American Society for Bone and Mineral Research- A Study to Advance BMD as a Regulatory Endpoint (FNIH-ASBMR-SABRE) project, and this analysis aimed to assess the relationship between baseline BMD and fracture risk in the placebo groups. We estimated the association of baseline TH, femoral neck (FN), and lumbar spine (LS) BMD with fracture risk using IPD from the combined placebo groups, which included data from 46 666 placebo participants in 25 RCTs. We estimated the relative risk (RR) of fracture per SD decrease in baseline BMD using logistic regression models for radiographic vertebral fractures and proportional hazards models for hip, non-vertebral, “all,” and “all clinical” fractures. Total person-years in the combined placebo groups was 250 662 (mean baseline age 70.2 ± 7.2 yr, mean TH BMD T-score −1.97 ± 0.90). We observed significant relationships between baseline TH BMD and vertebral (RR = 1.55/SD), hip (RR = 2.27), non-vertebral (RR = 1.31), all (RR = 1.43), and all clinical (RR = 1.35) fracture risk. Fracture risk estimates were similar for FN BMD and after adjustment for age, race, and study. Fracture incidence increased with decreasing TH BMD quintile, confirming the strong graded association between TH BMD and fracture risk. There was a strong relationship between LS BMD and vertebral fracture risk (RR = 1.56/SD), but only a weak association with non-vertebral (RR = 1.07) and no association with hip (RR = 1.01) fracture risk. These data support the very strong relationship between hip BMD and fracture risk and provide supporting rationale for change in TH BMD as a surrogate for fracture risk reduction in future RCTs.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the king horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus rex) provides insights into its conservation status and chromosomal evolution of Rhinolophus
Authors: Lan Linjing , Zhang Xin , Yang Shanxiu , Mao Xiuguang , Dong Ji 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A high-quality reference genome is quite valuable in assessing the conservation status of a rare species when adequate data from other sources are unavailable. Bats comprise almost a fifth of all mammals and contribute greatly to the ecosystem. However, due to the nocturnal and elusive habits, it is difficult to obtain the accurate census population size of a rare bat species and assess its conservation status. Here, we generate a chromosome-level genome assembly for the king horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus rex) and assess its conservation status by comparing the genome-wide summary statistics with other related species. The genome assembly size was 2.1 Gb (contig N50: 75.26 Mb) and 99.9% of the total sequences were anchored onto 30 autosomes, X and Y chromosomes. Despite lower genome-wide heterozygosity and recent inbreeding, R. rex did not exhibit a higher genetic load compared with the other two Rhinolophus species. Historical demography analysis revealed that R. rex maintained a long-term (~2 million years) stable population size (~150,000). In the future, whole-genome sequencing data from more individuals will be needed to comprehensively assess the conservation status at recent timescales. We also reconstructed the ancestral karyotype of Rhinolophus as 2n = 54 and found that Robertsonian fissions and fusions were the main mechanisms of chromosomal rearrangements in this genus. Overall, our study shows important implications of reference-quality genomes in both conservation genomics and comparative genomics.
Chronic occupational paronychia secondary to digital pilonidal sinus from dog grooming
Authors: Räisänen Mikko P , Furu Heidi , Reito Aleksi , Bindra Randy R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Pilonidal sinus is a recognized occupational condition sometimes seen in barbers and pet groomers, and it involves most commonly interdigital spaces. We present a previously unreported case of chronic paronychia with 2 separate digital pilonidal sinuses resulting from multiple embedded hair fragments in the eponychium of a dog groomer, who had been repeatedly treated with antibiotics with no success and ended up having surgical treatment. The objective of this study is to remind readers of this rare but possible occupational disease, particularly among employees working with hair, and to emphasize the importance of preventive measures to prevent its occurrence. Intraoperatively, a crescent of eponychial skin parallel to the proximal nail fold was excised, which incorporated the sinuses. Additionally, the nail plate was removed, and multiple hair fragments were retrieved from the nail folds. At the follow-up, the infection had resolved, and nail growth had resumed. Additional animal hair was found in the nail folds, as the patient continued to work without protective gloves. This case highlights the importance of considering embedded hair as a potential cause for chronic paronychia in individuals with occupations involving hair cutting and grooming. Chronic hand infection poses a risk of infection contaminating clients or patients; for example, a veterinarian should not operate with an infected hand. The costs of sickness absences are considerable for all the stakeholders. The use of protective gloves, hand hygiene, skin care, and thorough removal of loose hair fragments should be emphasized for workers in professions dealing with animal or human hair.
Cell-based and extracellular vesicle-based MSC therapies for acute radiation syndrome affecting organ systems
Authors: Miura Yasuo , Fujii Sumie , Ichinohe Tatsuo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation can induce harmful biological effects on the human body, particularly in cases of high-dose γ-irradiation affecting the gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow, skin and lung. Such exposures lead to lethal outcomes as individuals experience a breakdown in their immune system’s ability to defend against pathogens, predisposing them to sepsis-induced multiple organ failures. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) possess diverse biological characteristics, including immunomodulation, anti-inflammation and tissue regeneration. Off-the-shelf culture-expanded human bone marrow- or adipose tissue-derived MSCs are clinically available to treat graft-versus-host disease following hematopoietic cell transplantation and perianal fistulas in Crohn’s disease in Japan. While preclinical studies showcase encouraging outcomes in radiation-induced injuries, the effectiveness of MSC transplantation in addressing acute radiation syndrome affecting organs in irradiated individuals is limited. Recent studies have highlighted MSC-releasing extracellular vesicles as nanoparticle substances responsible for outlining the mechanism of action and have identified various components, including proteins and microRNA, that serve as functional molecules. MSC-releasing extracellular vesicle-based therapy emerges as a promising avenue, offering a potential solution to the challenges posed by radiation-induced injuries. However, further investigation is required, especially regarding whether MSC-releasing extracellular vesicles have regenerative effects on tissue-resident stem cells. These unresolved issues represent key aspects that need to be addressed to optimize the therapeutic potential of cell-based and extracellular vesicle-based MSC therapies for interventions in the context of radiation-induced injuries.
The summary of risk response on radioactive substances contained in food items in the aftermath of the Fukushima nuclear accident
Authors: Hayashida Naomi , Horiguchi Itsuko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident occurred after the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011. The regulations for food items contaminated with radioiodine or radioactive cesium were introduced immediately after the accident by establishing a tentative limit for the contamination level. These regulations excluded or minimized the excessive internal radiation exposure in Japan. Subsequently, the Food Safety Commission of the Japanese Cabinet Office established based on the Food Safety Basic Act evaluated the influence of food items on human health, and the information was reviewed to establish finalized reference values according to the Food Sanitation Act. This study aimed to compile a summary from published sources to examine the risk analysis conducted by the Japanese government over 5 years since the disaster occurred, which was carried out to prevent internal exposure to radioactive substances in food. Findings revealed that items exceeding the reference value were mostly found in the item group not under cultivation/feeding management. In addition, the risk management measures to prevent internal exposure to radioactive substances in food have proven to be effective.
Motherhood on the move: forced migrant women from Ukraine
Authors: Rock Jonna , Yanaşmayan Zeynep 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Drawing on the experiences of thirty-two refugee mothers who fled Ukraine with their children to Germany—to Berlin and Frankfurt/Oder—this article traces the co-constitutive relationship of displacement and motherhood through the angle of temporality. First, it uncovers how displacement in motherhood is defined by mothers’ urge and urgency to protect their children. Second, it shows how refugee mothers utilize different forms of ‘active waiting’ to rebuild their lives in search of stability for themselves and their children and affectively deal with the trauma of multiple losses. Last but not least, motherhood in displacement generates new forms of maternal subjectivity as the interlocutors ‘spend their time’ to patch the ruptures in their lives for the sake of their children, not only alone but also together with other refugee mothers through digital means. Negotiating motherhood thus provides room to productively navigate a temporal disorientation caused by the displacement.
Associations between sexual activity frequency and depression in women: insights from the NHANES data
Authors: Wu Xu , Gao Hui , Zhang Yuyang , Zhang Xiansheng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Existing research is very limited in providing nationally representative data on the relationship between sexual activity and depression in U.S. female adults aged 20–59 years, particularly with regard to marital status differences.

Objectives
Our specific objective was to explore the relationship between sexual activity and depression in adult women in the United States.

Methods
We conducted a study utilizing depression and sexuality data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for women aged 20-59 years between 2007 and 2016. Subsequently, we used survey-weighted logistic regression models to examine the relationship between low-frequency sexual activity and the risk of depression. To further explore the effects of different stratification factors on the relationship between low-frequency sexual activity and depression, we conducted subgroup analyses based on age, race, marital status, poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), education level, BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, trouble sleeping, and urine Leakage. In addition, sensitivity analysis and smoothed curve fitting were performed to ensure the reliability of the results.

Main Outcome Measure
Sexual activity was assessed by sexual frequency, ≤11 sexual encounters in a 12-month period were categorized as low-frequency sexual activity; depression was diagnosed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9, ≥10 scores).

Results
From the 2007 to 2016 NHANES, a total of 6061 participants were enrolled in the study. Of these participants, 1869 (30.84%) reported a sexual frequency of 0-11 times/year categorized as low-frequency sexual activity. After adjustment for the full covariates, the risk of depression was found to be higher in low-frequency sexual activity participants (sexual frequency ≤ 11) compared to normal-frequency sexual activity participants (sexual frequency &gt; 11) (OR = 1.37, 95 % CI: 1.08, 1.73; P = 0.010), this association varied according to marital status.

Clinical Implications
Our findings have important clinical implications and suggest that clinicians should pay attention to the mental health of female patients with low-frequency sexual activity and screen depressed patients for sexual activity.

Strengths & Limitations
Our study is the large, nationally representative study to assess the relationship between low-frequency sexual activity and depression in women aged 20 to 59 years. However, the cross-sectional study design was unable to demonstrate a causal relationship between low-frequency sexual activity and depression.

Conclusion
In conclusion, our study demonstrates a significant association between low frequency of sexual activity and risk of depression in a population of women aged 20 -59 years in the U.S, which may be bidirectional.