bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating intrusion sensitivity allocation with supervised learning in collaborative intrusion detection
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Tian Fei , Li Jin , Xiang Yang 
Published: September 2020

SummaryNetwork intrusions are a big security threat to current computer networks. For protection, collaborative intrusion detection networks (CIDNs) are developed attempting to reach better detection performance than a single detector, by allowing a set of detectors to switch data or information with each other. However, there is a need to implement suitable trust management schemes, with the aim to safeguard such distributed detection networks against insider threats. In the literature, previous studies have indicated that the notion of intrusion sensitivity can be used to enhance the effectiveness of trust management, by highlighting the feedback from expert nodes. In addition, machine learning can be used to assign the value of intrusion sensitivity automatically. In this work, we evaluate the performance of typical supervised learning classifiers in allocating the value of intrusion sensitivity, and figure out some limitations under different data sets. Then we investigate the impact of intrusion sensitivity in a real network environment under adversarial conditions. The results demonstrate that a wrongly assigned sensitivity value may greatly degrade the detection effectiveness of insider attacks. There is a significant need to choose a suitable classifier in allocating the value of intrusion sensitivity in practice.
Selective Enrichment Coupled with Proteomics to Identify S‐Acylated Plasma Membrane Proteins in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhou Lijuan , Zhou Mowei , Gritsenko Marina A. , Stacey Gary 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProtein S‐acylation, predominately in the form of palmitoylation, is a reversible lipid post‐translational modification on cysteines that plays important roles in protein localization, trafficking, activity, and complex assembly. The functions and regulatory mechanisms of S‐acylation have been extensively studied in mammals owing to remarkable development of high‐resolution proteomics and the discovery of the S‐acylation‐related enzymes. However, the advancement of S‐acylation studies in plants lags behind that in mammals, mainly due to the lack of knowledge about proteins responsible for this process, such as protein acyltransferases and their substrates. In this article, a set of systematic protocols to study global S‐acylation in Arabidopsis seedlings is described. The procedures are presented in detail, including preparation of Arabidopsis seedlings, enrichment of plasma membrane (PM) proteins, ensuing enrichment of S‐acylated proteins/peptides based on the acyl‐biotin exchange method, and large‐scale identification of S‐acylated proteins/peptides via mass spectrometry. This approach enables researchers to study S‐acylation of PM proteins in plants in a systematic and straightforward way. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of Arabidopsis seedling materialsBasic Protocol 2: Isolation and enrichment of plasma membrane proteinsSupport Protocol 1: Determination of protein concentration using BCA assayBasic Protocol 3: Enrichment of S‐acylated proteins by acyl‐biotin exchange methodSupport Protocol 2: Protein precipitation by methanol/chloroform methodBasic Protocol 4: Trypsin digestion and proteomic analysisAlternate Protocol: Pre‐resin digestion and peptide‐level enrichment
Review of cool‐season turfgrasses for salt‐affected roadsides in cold climates
Authors: Friell Joshua , Watkins Eric 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTurfgrass is often planted along roadsides because of its adaptability and capacity to perform a wide range of functions. Like other roadside vegetation, it must withstand a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses while persisting long term with minimal management inputs. In cold‐weather climates, snow and ice management practices on roads include the use of deicing salts. Deicing salts can have negative impacts on infrastructure and the environment including soil structure degradation, surface and ground water contamination, and reduction of vegetation quality along roadsides. Insights from past evaluations of turfgrass response to stresses experienced on roadsides can provide perspective for future approaches. This review provides historical context for the establishment of turfgrasses as roadside vegetation in cold‐weather climates where deicing salts are used. Adaptability of species for roadside applications as well as field and controlled environment evaluations of salt tolerance are discussed. In future studies, improved characterization of roadside stress and broader collaborative evaluation programs can enhance testing and result in improved specifications for roadside turfgrass species and mixtures.
Maltreatment exposure across childhood and low‐grade inflammation: Considerations of exposure type, timing, and sex differences
Authors: Ehrlich Katherine B. , Miller Gregory E. , Rogosch Fred A. , Cicchetti Dante 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLinks between child maltreatment and low‐grade inflammation in adulthood are well documented, but these studies often rely on adults to report retrospectively on experiences of childhood abuse. Furthermore, these findings raise questions about whether exposure to childhood maltreatment needs time to “incubate,” only giving rise to nonresolving inflammation in adulthood, or whether heightened inflammation may be observable in childhood, closer in time to the maltreatment exposure. The present study examined this question in a sample of 155 low‐income children (ages 8–12), half of whom had been exposed to maltreatment. Trained coders evaluated case reports to classify maltreatment based on timing and exposure type. Blood samples from children assessed C‐reactive protein and cytokines, which were used to form a composite of low‐grade inflammation. Analyses revealed a marginally significant Maltreatment Exposure × Sex interaction, which suggested that maltreatment exposure was associated with higher inflammation for girls but not boys. Additionally, analyses focused on the accumulation of maltreatment experiences (through multiple forms of maltreatment or across multiple time points) revealed that girls with greater diversity in their maltreatment experiences and those who experienced maltreatment at multiple time points were at greatest risk. Finally, examination of timing of first onset of maltreatment suggested that girls whose exposures occurred before the age of 5 had the highest low‐grade inflammation. These findings add new evidence linking maltreatment to inflammation in childhood, which could increase the risk for mental and physical health problems across the lifespan.
ADA 2020: Ertugliflozin shown to significantly reduce heart failure hospitalization.
Authors: Idris Iskandar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe SGLT2 inhibitor, Ertugliflozin was shown to be non‐inferior to placebo for reducing cardiovascular events but significantly reduce heart failure hospitalization, according to a trial presented at the American Diabetes Association's 80th Conference.
Large‐eddy simulation of subsonic turbulent jets using the compressible lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Noah Khalid , Lien Fue‐Sang , Yee Eugene 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is a powerful technique for the computational modeling of a wide variety of single‐s and multiphase flows involving complex geometries. Although the LBM has been demonstrated to be effective for the solution of incompressible flow problems, there are limitations when this methodology is applied to the solution of compressible flows, especially for flows at high Mach numbers. In this article, we investigate strategies to overcome some of the limitations associated with the application of LBM to compressible flows. To this purpose, one of the key contributions of this study is the synthesis and integration of previous efforts concerning the formulation of LBM for the large‐eddy simulation (LES) of compressible turbulent flows in the subsonic flow regime. It is shown how certain limitations of applying the LBM to compressible flows can be addressed by using either a higher order Taylor series expansion of the Maxwell–Boltzmann equilibrium distribution function or using the Kataoka and Tsutahara (KT) LBM model formulation for compressible flows. The proposed LBM/LES methodology for compressible flows has been combined with the Kirchhoff integral formulation for computational aeroacoustics and used to simulate the flow and acoustic fields of compressible jet flows at high subsonic speeds with practical relevance for providing a better understanding of problems associated with jet noise. In this context, simulations of the physics associated with the jet flow and concomitant noise in the near‐ and far‐field regimes were conducted using the proposed framework of a compressible LBM/LES and Kirchhoff integral method. The results of the subsonic isothermal and nonisothermal jet flow simulations for the flow and acoustic fields have been compared with available numerical and experimental results with generally good to excellent agreement.
Effects of Cudrania tricuspidata on anti‐senescence in high glucose‐treated endothelial cells via the Akt/p53/p21 pathway
Authors: Kim Gi Dae , Park Seonghee 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe roles of Cudrania tricuspidata (CT) in the prevention of senescence and the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. In a high glucose (HG)‐induced senescent endothelial cell (EC) culture, CT (20 µg/ml) reduced the number of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase‐positive cells by 8.3% compared with the control group and increased the expression of p‐Sirt1 by more than twofold compared with the control group. Moreover, 20 μg/ml CT treatment doubled the activity of p‐Akt, which was inhibited by HG, compared with the control group. In addition, CT treatment decreased the expression of p53, p21, and Rb, which was increased by HG. Overall, CT delays HG‐induced senescence via the Akt/p53/p21 pathway, suggesting its potential as a functional agent for the protection of ECs.
Is it worth outsourcing essential public health services in China?—Evidence from Beilin District of Xi'an
Authors: Yuan Hai , Li Hang , Hou ZhaoWei 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundEssential public health services (EPHS) is general welfare public health interventions led by the Chinese government and provided by the primary medical institutions to all residents. In Beilin District, Xi'an, EPHS producers can be divided into outsourced institutions and public institutions.ObjectiveCan outsourcing EPHS reduce costs and improve efficiency and quality? There is still no definite answer to this question. This paper compares the performance of outsourced institutions and public institutions in terms of efficiency and quality, explains the reasons for this phenomenon.MethodsThis paper uses a theoretical and two‐stage DEA model Based on a “triple subject” research framework.ResultsThe results show that the difference between public institutions and outsourced institutions is mainly reflected in service quality. When the quality is not measured, outsourced institutions' production efficiency is higher than that of public institutions. When there are quality measurements, the production efficiency of outsourced institutions is lower than that of public institutions.ConclusionsOutsourced institutions perform worse than public institutions. The reason is that a bilateral monopolistic market structure has formed between local governments and outsourced institutions. This situation makes it difficult for the government to replace poor quality outsourced institutions under the constraints of a limited budget.
Comparison of environmental tracers including organic micropollutants as groundwater exfiltration indicators into a small river of a karstic catchment
Authors: Glaser Clarissa , Schwientek Marc , Junginger Tobias , Gilfedder Benjamin Silas , Frei Sven , Werneburg Martina , Zwiener Christian , Zarfl Christiane 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding groundwater–surface water (GW–SW) interactions is vital for water management in karstic catchments due to its impact on water quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the applicability of seven environmental tracers to quantify and localize groundwater exfiltration into a small, human‐impacted karstic river system. Tracers were selected based on their emission source to the surface water either as (a) dissolved, predominantly geogenic compounds (radon‐222, sulphate and electrical conductivity) or (b) anthropogenic compounds (predominantly) originating from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents (carbamazepine, tramadol, sodium, chloride). Two contrasting sampling approaches were compared (a) assuming steady‐state flow conditions and (b) considering the travel time of the water parcels (Lagrangian sampling) through the catchment to account for diurnal changes in inflow from the WWTP. Spatial variability of the concentrations of all tracers indicated sections of preferential groundwater inflow. Lagrangian sampling techniques seem highly relevant for capturing dynamic concentration patterns of WWTP‐derived compounds. Quantification of GW inflow with the finite element model FINIFLUX, based on observed in‐stream Rn activities led to plausible fluxes along the investigated river reaches (0.265 m3s−1), while observations of other natural or anthropogenic environmental tracers produced less plausible water fluxes. Important point sources of groundwater exfiltration can be ascribed to locations where the river crosses geological fault lines. This indicates that commonly applied concepts describing groundwater–surface water interactions assuming diffuse flow in porous media are difficult to transfer to karstic river systems whereas concepts from fractured aquifers may be more applicable. In general, this study helps selecting the best suited hydrological tracer for GW exfiltration and leads to a better understanding of processes controlling groundwater inflow into karstic river systems.
Nonlinear contagion between stock and real estate markets: International evidence from a local Gaussian correlation approach
Authors: Bouri Elie , Gupta Rangan , Wang Shixuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze contagion over the daily period of January 1, 1998 to September 13, 2018 between Real Estate Investments Trusts (REITs) and the equity markets of 19 countries, which are at their different stages of development in terms of the REITs market. For our purpose, we use the local Gaussian correlation approach during the dot‐com, global financial, European sovereign debt crises and the more recent period involving the Brexit in the UK. The employed method not only avoids the bias of the conditional correlation, but also describes any nonlinear structure in dependence and the deviation from global normality. In general, we find strong evidence of nonlinear contagion between equities and REITs of not only matured and established markets, but also in economies with an emerging REITs sector, especially during the global financial and sovereign debt crises. Further, when we considered contagion across REITs of the US and the other countries, and between US REITs and equities of the remaining 18 countries, a similar pattern emerges. Our results have important implications for investors and policymakers alike.
Cost‐effectiveness of uterine tamponade devices for the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage: A systematic review
Authors: Vogel Joshua P. , Wilson Alyce N. , Scott Nick , Widmer Mariana , Althabe Fernando , Oladapo Olufemi T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundUterine tamponade is widely promoted for treating refractory postpartum hemorrhage (PPH); however, its cost‐effectiveness may vary depending on unit costs and setting.ObjectiveTo review available data on cost‐effectiveness of uterine tamponade devices when used for PPH treatment.Search strategyPubMed and EMBASE were searched (1980 to January 2020), as well as the National Health Services Economic Evaluation database from inception (1995) to March 2015.Selection criteriaEligible studies were any type of economic evaluation, or effectiveness studies that provided cost or economic data.Data collection and analysisTwo reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality.Main resultsEleven studies using a range of devices (condom catheter, uterine suction devices, Bakri, Inpress, Ellavi) were identified. Cost of condom catheter devices or kits ranged from US$0.64 to US$6, whereas purpose‐designed device costs were up to US$400. Two studies that took a health system perspective assessed the cost‐effectiveness of using uterine balloon tamponade and suggested that it was highly cost‐effective because of the low cost per disability‐adjusted life‐year averted, although both used effect estimates from case series.ConclusionsEvidence on the cost‐effectiveness of uterine tamponade devices was limited and not generalizable. Rigorous economic evaluations based on updated effect estimates are needed.
A deep learning model integrating convolution neural network and multiple kernel K means clustering for segmenting brain tumor in magnetic resonance images
Authors: Ragupathy Balakumaresan , Karunakaran Manivannan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn medical imaging, segmenting brain tumor becomes a vital task, and it provides a way for early diagnosis and treatment. Manual segmentation of brain tumor in magnetic resonance (MR) images is a time‐consuming and challenging task. Hence, there is a need for a computer‐aided brain tumor segmentation approach. Using deep learning algorithms, a robust brain tumor segmentation approach is implemented by integrating convolution neural network (CNN) and multiple kernel K means clustering (MKKMC). In this proposed CNN‐MKKMC approach, classification of MR images into normal and abnormal is performed by CNN algorithm. At next, MKKMC algorithm is employed to segment the brain tumor from the abnormal brain image. The proposed CNN‐MKKMC algorithm is evaluated both visually and objectively in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with the existing segmentation methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CNN‐MKKMC approach yields better accuracy in segmenting brain tumor with less time cost.
The versatility of carbohydrates in antimicrobial applications
Authors: Xu Yuan , Liu Xue‐Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe worsening situation of global drug resistance is urgently demanding for novel antimicrobial agents. Considerable efforts have been concentrated on developing new antibacterial therapies with new mode of actions, exerting no selective pressure on bacterial mutation, and minimizing toxicity to host cells. In this context, active targeting can greatly contribute to selectivity between pathogens and mammalian cells in which carbohydrates, playing important roles in numerous biological processes, can be employed as targeting ligands or “trojan horse.” This short account has discussed the recent results of carbohydrate‐based antimicrobial agents developed by our group. Other excellent works by other scientists and possible directions in the future are also discussed.
A missing kidney and a hidden congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Singh Chanchal , Shahnaz Gazala , Handa Rakesh , Gupta Naveen Prakash , Sundar Jayasree 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCongenital intrathoracic kidney (ITK) is a rare condition, which is usually discovered incidentally in asymptomatic children who do not need any intervention. However, it may be associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), in which case it requires urgent surgical intervention. We present a case of prenatally diagnosed ITK associated with a left CDH that was operated on day 5 of life. The neonate is currently well at 15 months of age.
Histology, ultrastructure, and seasonal variations in the bulbourethral gland of the African straw‐colored fruit bat Eidolon helvum
Authors: Abiaezute Clifford Nwabugwu , Nwaogu Innocent Chima , Igwebuike Udensi Maduabuchi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe studied the morphological characteristics and seasonal changes of the bulbourethral gland of Eidolon helvum in a typical African tropical environment. Forty‐eight bulbourethral glands were examined using gross anatomical, histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural techniques during the early rainy, late rainy, and peak dry seasons. The pear‐shaped bilateral bulbourethral glands were located extra‐abdominally in the inguinal region. Trabeculae from the capsule divided the parenchyma into numerous lobules of tubuloalveolar glandular acini. The mucosa was covered by a simple columnar epithelium consisting up of principal secretory cells, columnar dense cells and basal cells, which were progressively pronounced during the dry season. The principal cells contained eosinophilic granules, which were PAS positive while the dense cells did not show affinity for the stains. The mean gross weights, acini diameters, and epithelial heights were greater during the rainy season than the dry season. Ultrastructural evaluation showed that the cytoplasm of the principal cells contained well‐developed Golgi complexes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and secretory vesicles of varying electron densities and sizes. The secretory vesicles were numerous during the early rainy season, decreased during the late rainy season and were scanty during the peak dry season. The simple columnar epithelium observed during the rainy season was replaced by an undefined stratified epithelium during the dry season, and this was associated with cellular degenerations and regenerations. In conclusion, E. helvum has a typical mammalian bulbourethral gland, with a unique cell type, the dense cell whose functions are not well‐understood. The gland exhibits cyclical seasonal variation in structure and secretory activity; being active during the early rainy season (breeding season), and showing the lowest activity during the dry season (non‐breeding season). Glandular epithelial cell renewal occurs during the dry season in preparation for the next breeding season.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus 6 and 11 variants in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Authors: Sichero Laura , Ferreira Silvaneide , López Rossana V. M. , Mello Barbara P. , Costa Victor , El‐Achkar Vivian N. R. , Carlos Román , Ribeiro‐Silva Alfredo , Pignatari Shirley , Kaminagakura Estela , Villa Luisa L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 are the etiological agents of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). We examined the prevalence and distribution of HPVs 6 and 11 genetic variants in juvenile onset (JORRP) and adult onset (AORRP) laryngeal papillomas. Cases of JORRP and AORRP were collected, retrospectively. HPV detection and genotyping were accessed by polymerase chain reaction‐sequencing in 67 RRP samples. Overall, the most prevalent HPV‐6 variants were from B1 (55.8%) and B3 (27.9%) sublineages, whereas among HPV‐11 positive samples A2 (62.5%) variants were predominant. A higher prevalence of HPV‐6 B1 was observed in JORRP (83.3% B1 and 16.7% B3), compared with AORRP cases (58.3% B1 and 41.7% B3). HPV‐11 A2 variants were more prevalent both in JORRP (57.2%) and in AORRP cases (70.0%). Nevertheless, with the exception that HPV‐6 B1 were significantly less likely to recur, there was a lack of association between any particular HPVs 6 or 11 variant and clinicopathological features. Our data do not support an association between HPVs 6 and 11 variability and RRP.