bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate
Authors: Babrauskas Vytenis , Leggett David 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe thermal decomposition reactions of ammonium nitrate (AN) are reviewed. Both neat AN and AN containing various contaminants are examined, however quantitative kinetics results are not encompassed. Also not included is the performance of AN as the oxidizer in rocket propellants or in explosives such as ANFO. The review is intended to be the most comprehensive review of decomposition reactions of AN since Berthelot's treatise of 1892. Despite hundreds of papers on the topic that have appeared in the intervening years, understanding of decomposition mechanisms remains only modestly more complete than it was in Berthelot's day. However, some additional reaction steps and mechanisms have been identified and these are discussed. Explosions of AN most commonly involve fire as the proximate cause, yet chemical‐mechanism research on the topic is nil. A modest number of studies have explored the potentiation of AN decomposition by organic contaminants. These have, thus far, not produced guidance useful for promoting of safety from fire‐related causes. Contamination from inorganic sources, notably chlorides is better understood and some mechanisms have been studied. The UN classification of AN as an oxidizer, instead of as an explosive, should not be interpreted literally, since AN has been associated with numerous detonation disasters.
Prevalence of profound laryngeal sensory neuropathy in head and neck cancer survivors with feeding tube‐dependent oropharyngeal dysphagia
Authors: Mehdizadeh Omid B. , Dhar Shumon I. , Evangelista Lisa , Nativ‐Zeltzer Nogah , Bewley Arnaud F. , Belafsky Peter C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundLaryngopharyngeal sensory neuropathy (LSN) has been observed to be a contributing factor to swallowing dysfunction in head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors.MethodsRetrospective review of 43 tube‐dependent HNC survivors was conducted. LSN was assessed with direct palpation of the aryepiglottic fold and by traversing the true vocal folds without eliciting a cough reflex with a flexible laryngoscope.ResultsThe primary tumor sites were oropharynx (51%), larynx (14%), nasopharynx (4.7%), oral cavity (14%), thyroid (4.7%), unknown primary (9.3%), and esophagus (2.3%). The prevalence of profound LSN was 79.1%. Objective fluoroscopic parameters contributing to swallowing dysfunction were diminished laryngohyoid elevation (100%), pharyngeal weakness (67%), and reduced lateral PES opening (37%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of LSN in HNC survivors with feeding tube‐dependent dysphagia is high (79.1%). The data suggest that LSN, in addition to fibrosis, pharyngoesophageal stenosis, and cranial nerve motor deficits contributes to swallowing dysfunction in these patients.
Trends and sociodemographic factors of e‐cigarette use among adult daily smokers in South Korea
Authors: Lee Yen‐Han , Chiang Timothy , Kwon Elizabeth , Baik Sohye , Chang Yen‐Chang 
Published: December 2019

SummaryObjectivePrevious studies have identified the sociodemographic factors associated with e‐cigarette use among adolescents in South Korea. However, literature regarding e‐cigarette use among adult smokers remains limited in South Korea.MethodsApplying four waves (2013‐2016) of The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 3227), sociodemographic factors were included in the multivariable logistic regression model to study their relationships with e‐cigarette use among adult daily smokers.ResultsE‐cigarette use increased from approximately 21.2% to 34.6% from 2013 to 2016, respectively. Females had lower odds of e‐cigarette use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58‐0.99, P < .05) compared with males. Older age was negatively associated with e‐cigarette use experience (all Ps < .01). Daily smokers with high school education or above all had higher odds of using e‐cigarettes compared those with elementary school education (all Ps < .05).ConclusionAs this study examined the trends of e‐cigarette use and factors associated with e‐cigarette use among adult daily smokers in South Korea, further research is needed to investigate the long‐term effect of e‐cigarette use on smoking cessation in South Korea as well as other Asian countries.
Shuttling Catalyst: Facilitating C−C Bond Formation via Cross‐Couplings with a Thermoresponsive Polymeric Ligand
Authors: Wang Erfei , Zhang Jiawei , Zhong Zhuoran , Chen Kaixuan , Chen Mao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linked ortho‐MeO‐phenyldicyclohexylphosphine (MeO‐WePhos) ligand has been synthesized to promote Pd‐catalyzed carbon‐carbon bond formation by cross‐couplings including Sonogashira, Heck, Hiyama and Stille reactions, providing corresponding (hetero)aryl substituted alkynes, alkenes and bi(hetero)aryls in good to excellent isolated yields with low Pd loadings. Facilitated by the lower critical solution temperature behaviour of the polymeric monophosphine ligand, the metal‐complex could rapidly shuttle between organic and water phases as regulated by temperature, enabling highly efficient catalyst recycling via a simple phase separation. The chemical structure of ligand was determined by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and size‐exclusion chromatography measurements. Notably, as demonstrated by the inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry measurement, 98% Pd was kept in the water phase after 6 cycles of catalyst recycling experiments. Given the profound impact of transition‐metal‐catalyzed covalent bond formation and the increasing demand of sustainable chemistry, this work provides an alternative method to conduct cross‐couplings with a polymeric shuttling catalyst.
Workshop on the characterization of fiber‐based scaffolds: Challenges, progress, and future directions
Authors: Garcia Lexi , Soliman Sherif , Francis Michael P. , Yaszemski Michael J. , Doshi Jayesh , Simon Carl G. , Robinson‐Zeigler Rebecca 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA critical component of many tissue‐engineered medical products (TEMPs) is the scaffold or biomaterial. The industry's understanding of scaffold properties and their influence on cell behavior has advanced, but our technical capability to reliably characterize scaffolds requires improvement, especially to enable large‐scale manufacturing. In response to the key findings from the 2013 ASTM International Workshop of Standards and Measurements for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), ASTM International, BiofabUSA, and the Standards Coordinating Body (SCB) organized a workshop in 2018 titled, “Characterization of Fiber‐Based Scaffolds”. The goal was to convene a group of 40 key industry stakeholders to identify major roadblocks in measurements of fiber‐based scaffold properties. This report provides an overview of the findings from this collaborative workshop. The four major consensus findings were that (a) there is need for a documentary standard guide that would aid developers in the selection of test methods for characterizing fiber‐based scaffolds; (b) there is a need for a strategy to assess the quality of porosity and pore size measurements, which could potentially be ameliorated by the development of a reference material; (b) there are challenges with the lexicon used to describe and assess scaffolds; and (d) the vast array of product applications makes it challenging to identify consensus test methods. As a result of these findings, a working group was formed to develop an ASTM Standard Guide for Characterizing Fiber‐Based Constructs that will provide developers guidance on selecting measurements for characterizing fiber‐based scaffolds.
Template‐engineered metal macrocyclic complexes: Synthesis and biological activity
Authors: Sangwan Vikas , Singh Dharam Pal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThree new azamacrocylic complexes of divalent transition‐metal ions were synthesized by taking Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) metal ions as templates. The macrocyclic ligand (12Z,52Z,54E)‐11,12,13,14,15,16,51,52,53,54,55,56‐dodecahydro‐2,4,6,8‐tetraaza‐1 (2,4),5(4,2)‐pyrimidine‐3,7(1,2)‐dibenzenacyclooctaphane‐16,56‐dione was derived from o‐phenylenediamine (OPD) and 2‐thiobarbituric acid (TBA). All the complexes were fully characterized through spectroscopic techniques and elemental analyses. The structures of the macrocyclic complexes were determined by IR, UV–vis, ESI‐MS, TGA, molar conductance, magnetic moment, and electron spin resonance data. On the basis of the above studies, the complexes may be formulated as [MLX2], in which L is a macrocyclic ligand and X = CH3COO−. All the macrocyclic complexes were biologically screened to evaluate their antimicrobial efficacy. DNA binding study of two representative complexes was performed by UV–vis titrations.
Circular RNA SMARCA5 correlates with favorable clinical tumor features and prognosis, and increases chemotherapy sensitivity in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Lu Qi , Fang Tao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis present study aimed to investigate the correlation of circular RNA SMARCA5 (circ‐SMARCA5) with clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS), and the effect of circ‐SMARCA5 on cell proliferation and chemotherapy sensitivity to cisplatin/gemcitabine in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).MethodsTotally 92 primary ICC patients who underwent resection were recruited, and their tumor tissues and adjacent tissues were collected for circ‐SMARCA5 detection. The effect of circ‐SMARCA5 on cell proliferation and chemotherapy sensitivity was detected after circ‐SMARCA5 overexpression plasmid transfection into TFK‐1 and HuH‐28 ICC cells.ResultsCirc‐SMARCA5 expression was reduced in ICC tumor tissues compared to adjacent tissues. Tumor circ‐SMARCA5 high expression was negatively associated with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score, T stage, N stage, TNM stage, and abnormal CA199 status. Furthermore, OS was increased in patients with tumor circ‐SMARCA5 high expression compared with those with low expression, and further multivariate Cox's regression demonstrated that tumor circ‐SMARCA5 high expression was an independent predictive factor for longer OS. In TFK‐1 and HuH‐28 ICC cells, circ‐SMARCA5 upregulation decreased cell proliferation, reduced relative cell viability in cisplatin‐treated as well as gemcitabine‐treated cells, and also decreased inhibitory concentration by 50% value (IC50) of cisplatin and gemcitabine.ConclusionThe correlation of circ‐SMARCA5 with favorable clinical tumor features, survival profile, and its promoting effect on chemotherapy sensitivity implies its potential as a valuable biomarker in monitoring disease progression and prognosis of ICC.
Middle‐ and high‐molecular weight adiponectin levels in relation to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Lian Kun , Feng Yu‐Nan , Li Rong , Liu Hao‐Lin , Han Peng , Zhou Lei , Li Cheng‐Xiang , Wang Qin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveAdiponectin (APN) circulates as high‐molecular weight (HMW), medium‐molecular weight (MMW), and low‐molecular weight (LMW) forms. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease. Currently, the role of LMW, MMW, and HMW APN remains largely unclear in NAFLD.MethodsWe examined the variation of these forms and analyzed the related clinical characteristics in NAFLD. A total of 63 male NAFLD patients (mean age: 43.00 ± 6.10 years) and 70 healthy male subjects (mean age: 42.53 ± 7.98 years) were included in the study. Total APN and other clinical characteristics were measured. The changes in HMW, MMW, and LMW APN were determined in NAFLD patients and NAFLD patients on a high‐fat diet, and the association between the groups was further analyzed.ResultsDecreased levels of total APN and three APN isoforms were found in NAFLD. Significantly decreased levels of HMW (P < .01) and MMW (P < .001) were observed in NAFLD of high‐fat diet patients. In NAFLD patients, height (R = −.270, P = .032) and N‐epsilon‐(carboxymethyl) lysine (R = −.259, P = .040) significantly correlated with total APN. HMW APN was significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose (R = .350, P = .016), alanine aminotransferase (R = −.321, P = .029), and aspartate aminotransferase (R = −.295, P = .045). Additionally, MMW APN was significantly associated with total cholesterol (R = .357, P = .014) and high‐density lipoprotein (R = .556, P < .0001). Low‐density lipoprotein (R = −.283, P = .054) was also clearly associated with LMW APN in NAFLD patients.ConclusionThese results suggest that HMW and MMW APN may be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD.
Evaluation of clinical application of multi‐slice computerized tomography in primary retroperitoneal tumors
Authors: Feng Yuanchun , Zhang Wei , Luo Chenghua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo accurately identify primary retroperitoneal tumors by multi‐slice spiral CT (MSCT) for better treatment.Materials and MethodsThe common types of 380 cases of primary retroperitoneal tumor, lesion sites, and MSCT features were compared with pathological results. Fisher's or chi‐square test approaches have been applied in this study.ResultsMulti‐slice computerized tomography multi‐directional reconstruction has a high accuracy for primary retroperitoneal tumors (95.7%). Seventy‐three liposarcoma cases were located in peri‐renal space, accounting for 76.8% (13/95) of the tumors in this region. Meanwhile, 65 cases of neurogenic tumors were located in the paravertebral column, accounting for 90.3% (65/72) of the tumors in this region. MSCT examination could effectively distinguish benign from malignant of primary retroperitoneal tumor (sensitivity = 87.2%, specificity = 82.7%, accuracy rate = 84.5%). Malignant tumors showed more irregularity shape than benign tumor (χ2 = 20.468, P < .001). 82.7% (191/231) of the malignant tumors showed adhesion or even invasion of surrounding tissues and organs (χ2 = 23.262, P < .001). Fat density of the lipoma is uniform, and lesion is not enhanced. Liposarcoma can be seen in varying proportions of fat and soft tissue density.ConclusionThe accuracy of MSCT scan for retroperitoneal tumors is high. Meanwhile, the coincidence rate of qualitative diagnosis before operation and/or before biopsy is also high.
Micromorphology of osteoderms in Dasypodidae (Cingulata, Mammalia): Characterization and 3D‐reconstructions
Authors: Scarano Alejo C. , Ciancio Martin R. , Barbeito‐Andrés Jimena , Barbeito Claudio G. , Krmpotic Cecilia M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOsteoderms are present in a variety of extinct and extant vertebrates, but among mammals, the presence of osteoderms is essentially restricted to armadillos (Cingulata, Dasypodidae). Osteoderms have been proposed to exhibit a variety of functionalities in Dasypodidae, mainly protection and thermoregulation, and they have been considered as one of the synapomorphies of this group. In this study, we use high‐resolution microcomputed tomography to describe the osteoderm micromorphology of several extant species of Dasypodidae in a comparative context. This study allowed the identification, 3D‐reconstruction and volume quantification of different internal structures of osteoderms as well as their interrelations. This detailed characterization of the internal osteoderm morphology was compared in a phylogenetic context to assess the evolutionary trends of the species involved. This enables the identification of distinctive patterns for the most widely recognized clades, the Dasypodinae and Euphractinae with a morphological homogeneity in the microstructure of their osteoderms, in comparison with Tolypeutinae where it has not been possible to establish a common morphological pattern. The most important features for linage differentiation is the degree of compaction of the osteoderms, the number of cavities and the development of hairs. It is likely that the differential development of the various structures occurred as adaptive response to climate changes.
Longer diagnosis‐to‐ablation time is associated with recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation—Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pranata Raymond , Chintya Veresa , Raharjo Sunu B. , Yamin Muhammad , Yuniadi Yoga 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis‐to‐ablation time (DTAT) has been postulated to be one of the predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence, and it is a “modifiable” risk factor unlike that of many electrocardiographic or echocardiographic parameters. This development may change our consideration for ablation. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aim to analyze the latest evidence on the importance of DTAT and whether they predict the AF recurrence after catheter ablation.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive search on topics that assess diagnosis‐to‐ablation time (DTAT) and AF recurrence from inception up until August 2019 through PubMed, EuropePMC, Cochrane Central Database, and ClinicalTrials.gov.ResultsThere was a total of 3548 patients from six studies. Longer DTAT was associated with increased risk for AF recurrence in all studies included. Meta‐analysis of these studies showed that DTAT had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.19 [1.02, 1.39], P = .03; I2: 92% for AF recurrence. Upon sensitivity analysis by removing a study, HR became 1.24 [1.16, 1.32], P < .001; I2: 29%. Meta‐analysis on DTAT time >3 years had HR 1.73 [1.54, 1.93], P < .001; I2: 45% for the recurrence of AF. Upon subgroup analysis of data that compared >6 years to <1 year, the HR was 1.93 [1.62, 2.29], P < .001; I2: 0%.ConclusionLonger DTAT time is associated with an increased risk of AF recurrence. Hence, determining management at the earliest possible moment to avoid delay is of utmost importance.
Did the Harappan settlement of Dholavira (India) collapse during the onset of Meghalayan stage drought?
Authors: Sengupta Torsa , Deshpande Mukherjee Arati , Bhushan Ravi , Ram F. , Bera M. K. , Raj Harsh , Dabhi Ankur J. , Bisht R. S. , Rawat Y. S. , Bhattacharya S. K. , Juyal Navin , Sarkar Anindya 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon dating of archaeological carbonates from seven cultural stages of Dholavira, Great Rann of Kachchh (GRK), the largest excavated Harappan settlement in India, suggests the beginning of occupation at ~5500 years BP (pre‐Harappan), and continuation until ~3800 years BP (early part of the Late Harappan period). The settlement rapidly expanded under favourable monsoonal climate conditions when architectural elements such as the Citadel, Bailey, Lower and Middle Town were added between the Early and mid‐Mature Harappan periods. Abundant local mangroves grew around the GRK sustaining prolific populations of the edible gastropod Terebralia palustris. Oxygen isotope (δ18O) sclerochronology of Early Harappan gastropod shell suggests seasonal mixing of some depleted (δ18O ~ −12‰) river water in summer/monsoon months (through ancient Saraswati and/or Indus distributary channels) with seawater that periodically inundated the GRK. Evaporation from this semi‐enclosed water body during the non‐monsoon months enriched the δ18O of water/shell carbonates. The humid fluvial landscape possibly changed due to a catastrophic drought driving the final collapse of the settlement of Dholavira exactly at the onset of the Meghalayan (Late Holocene) stage (~4300–4100 years BP). Indeed, Dholavira presents a classic case for understanding how climate change can increase future drought risk as predicted by the IPCC working group. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some results on generalized Dunkl–Lipschitz spaces
Authors: Kallel Samir 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper we study certain relations between the Dunkl–Sobolev classes of fractional order and the generalized Dunkl–Lipschitz classes . Next, we show a Dunkl–Hardy–Littlewood theorem for k‐temperatures and its dual. Also, we give some theorems on Dunkl convolutions of Dunkl–Lipschitz functions. Finally, we establish some results concerning the Dunkl transforms of functions and distributions belonging to generalized Dunkl–Lipschitz spaces.
Classification of Laguerre–Hahn orthogonal polynomials of class one
Authors: Filipuk G. , Rebocho M. N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe study orthogonal polynomials related to Stieltjes functions satisfying Riccati type differential equations with polynomial coefficients, , with . We derive recurrences for the three‐term recurrence relation coefficients of the orthogonal polynomials, including connections with some forms of discrete Painlevé equations.
Kinetic Evolution in Metal‐Dependent Self‐Assembly of Peptide–Terpyridine Conjugates
Authors: Sahoo Jugal Kishore , VandenBerg Michael A. , Webber Matthew J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNature realizes impressive structures and emergent functions through precisely organized non‐covalent interactions, and this inspires the use of supramolecular motifs to engineer new materials. Herein, an amphiphilic peptide–terpyridine conjugate is reported that forms 1D nanostructures leading to hydrogels. Upon the addition of metal, a slow kinetic transition occurs, resulting in nanostructures which are dictated by the chosen metal binding to the terpyridine ligand. As such, bis‐complex formation between terminal terpyridines redirects the assembly from peptide‐driven 1D structures to an assortment of new nanostructures which evolve and appear over the course of weeks. Studies where pre‐existing peptide structures are disrupted prior to metal addition yield these same structures right away, further confirming the kinetically labored pathway to their formation when beginning from an assembled state.
Gut microbiota of provisioned and wild rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) living in a limestone forest in southwest Guangxi, China
Authors: Chen Ting , Li Yuhui , Liang Jipeng , Li Youbang , Huang Zhonghao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe gut microbiota plays an important role in animal health and is strongly affected by the environment. Captivity and human source food have been shown to influence drastically the gut microbiota composition and function of wild animals. Therefore, in the present study, the gut microbiota of provisioned and wild populations of limestone‐living rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were compared using high‐throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. The results indicated that provisioned macaques had a higher microbial richness than wild macaques, but there was no significant difference in the evenness of the gut microbiota between the two populations. Provisioned macaques also showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes than wild macaques. Functional analysis revealed that wild macaques had enriched microbial pathways involved in glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, transport and catabolism, and the digestive and endocrine systems, while provisioned macaques were richer in pathways associated with signaling molecules and interaction, neurodegenerative diseases. These differences were likely due to modification of the gut microbiota of the provisioned macaques to enable the digestion of new foods.