bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile preparation of cellulose nanofibers prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation
Authors: Tanpichai S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with width of 20 nm and lengths of up to several µm were fully disintegrated from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) with aids of the 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation and mild-mechanical treatment. TEMPO-oxidized CNFs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FTIR reveals the conversion of C-6 hydroxyl groups to sodium carboxylate groups, and lower thermal degradation was obtained from the TEMPO-oxidized CNFs in comparison to untreated cellulose fibers. The as-prepared TEMPO-oxidized CNFs might be possibly used in packaging and composite applications.
The analysis of a chilled beef supply chain for developing strategic improvement
Authors: Neisyafitri R J , Ongkunaruk P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The growth of population and economics are factors that affect the increasing demand for livestock products in Indonesia. Beef and chicken are the most consumed meat in Indonesia with an average meat consumption of 2.72 kg per capita per year and there is an increasing trend. Currently, the domestic production of beef is only about 45% percent of the demand, the rest of the demand will be fulfilled by importing live cattle and frozen meat, mainly from Australia. The beef supply chain is quite complex and long. The available infrastructures still need to be improved in order to deliver the beef quickly and handled under appropriate cold chain. Our objectives are to identify the business process of the abattoir in the chilled beef product cold chain, to analyze the problem, and to propose some recommendations for their strategic improvement. The observation and in-depth interviews are conducted. Then, the result is analyzed by using Integration Definition for Function Modelling (IDEF0) to figure out the current situation and the activities in the abattoir. Based on the result, it is found that inventory management and temperature controlling are the major issues in the chilled beef cold chain that need to be monitored and controlled. This suggestion would be able to improve the efficiency of a chilled beef cold chain in Indonesia.
Characterization of polylactic-epoxidized natural rubber/modified cellulosic fiber biocomposites with different silane coupling agents
Authors: Kadea S , Seekaew J , Thongmala S , Hedthong R , Khanoonkon N , Witayakran S , Chatakanonda P , Chollakup R , Kittikorn T 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A purpose of this research was to investigate a potential of two differently modified cellulosic fibers for applying as reinforcing fillers in polylactic acid (PLA) and modified epoxidized rubber (ENR) base of biocomposites. Coupling agents including 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate and (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane were used in order to modify cellulosic fibers. These fibers were compounded with PLA-modified ENR (modified by bisphenol A diglycidyl ether) in an internal mixer and fabricated to composite sheets using a compression molding, respectively. The formulations of biocomposites were designed by weight ratio of PLA (85%): modified ENR (5%): the cellulosic fiber (10%). Accordance with the results of mechanical property analysis of their biocomposites, the modifications of cellulosic fibers with both silane types significantly improved flexural, hardness and impact properties of PLA-modified ENR based biocomposites. However, the methacrylate-silane modified cellulosic fiber provided the greatest increase in flexural properties while the amino-silane modified cellulosic fiber resulting in the highest value of hardness and impact resistance of all biocomposites. Oil absorption test of biocomposites was also investigated in this research in order to evaluate its possibility to use under oily environment. After 168 hours of experiment, the amino-silane modified composite exhibited the highest oil absorption among all materials. This result indicated the most improvement of hydrophobicity of modified cellulosic fiber by (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane.
Synthesis of Graphene Foam Filter by Chemical Vapor Deposition Using Palm Oil as a Carbon Source for PM2.5 Capture
Authors: Naksakul T , Sunpong P , Ruammaitree A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Particulate matter which has aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) has seriously impacted on human health such as cardio-respiratory diseases. Graphene foam is a 3-dimensional graphene, in which carbon atoms are arranged into a honeycomb lattice. In this study, PM2.5 capture using graphene foam filter is demonstrated. The graphene foam is synthesized by chemical vapor deposition using nickel foam and palm oil as a template and carbon source, respectively. After that the sample is soaked with FeCl3 to dissolve the nickel foam template. The presence of graphene on nickel foam is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The morphologies of graphene and PM2.5 particles are measured by field emission scanning electron microscope. The element composition of PM2.5 is investigated by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results show that graphene foam can capture various types of PM2.5 particles (such as aluminium, silicon, phosphorus and so on) without additional energy.
Y2BaCuO5 Particle Size Control via Ultrasonication and its Effect on Bulk YBa2Cu3Oy Superconductor
Authors: Pinmangkorn S , Miryala M , Arvapalli S S , Murakami M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Recently, bulk LRBa2Cu3Oy (LRE: Y, Gd, Sm, NEG) superconducting materials became a popular choice for engineering applications such as high-field magnet systems for medical devices, rotating machine, magnetic bearings, etc. YBa2Cu3Oy (Y-123) is a trending high temperature superconducting material with a high critical temperature around 91 K. The superconducting performance of bulk YBa2Cu3Oy (Y-123) can be dramatically improved by controlling initially added Y2BaCuO5 (Y-211) secondary phase particles and optimizing its processing conditions in the top seeded melt-growth (TSMG). In this work, we employed a low-cost ultrasonication technique to control size of initially added secondary phase Y-211 particles. The ultrasonication time is varied from 20 to 80 minutes along with a 20 minutes interval while maintaining constant power of 300 W and 20 kHz frequency. We had successfully prepared nanometre sized secondary phase Y-211 particles. Top seeded melt textured bulk Y-123 (20 mm diameter) were prepared with utilizing refined Y-211. The magnetization measurements exhibited a sharp superconducting transition temperature with Tc, onset
around 91 K. Critical current density (Jc
) and trapped field measured at 77 K exhibited higher value in bulk prepared with Y-211 secondary phase particles ultrasonicated for 80 minutes. The highest trapped field of 0.42 T at 77 K was recorded 0.3 mm above centre of the Y-123 bulk’s surface. The self-field critical current density was around 47 kA/cm2 at 77 K (H//c-axis). The present results demonstrate that the performance of bulk Y-123 can be improved by controlling Y-211 secondary phase particle size via a low cost ultrasonication process.
An accelerated biodegradation of Poly(lactic acid) by inoculation of Pseudomonas geniculate WS3 combined with nutrient addition
Authors: Boonluksiri Y , Prapagdee B , Sombatsompop N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study aims to develop an efficient method for accelerating the biodegradation rate of Polylactic acid (PLA). A combined use of PLA-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas geniculate WS3 and nitrogen source or enzyme inducer to accelerate biodegradation of PLA was proposed. PLA films were prepared and submerged in basal salt medium (BSM) amended with ammonium sulfate, soytone, sericin or sodium lactate and inoculated with P. geniculate WS3 for 30 days. The results showed that the highest percentage of PLA film-weight loss was found in the treatment of soytone addition, followed by sodium lactate addition. PLA films in culture broth with P. geniculate WS3 and soytone were cracked and broken down into small fragments within 20 days. In addition, increasing the lactic acid content as a monomer of PLA in culture broth was directly correlated with increasing the percentage of PLA film-weight loss. It could be concluded that a combined use of P. geniculate WS3 and soytone exhibited a high potential to significantly accelerate the PLA biodegradation under the submerged condition.
Effect of sintering temperature on microstructure of TiO2 scaffold
Authors: Yanawarutwong S , Thunyakitpisal P , Kashima D P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Due to an excellent biocompatibility of titanium dioxide (TiO2), it is promising to use as scaffolds for inducing bone formation. The well-interconnected pore scaffolds were fabricated by sponge replication method in order to promote osteoblast ingrowth and vascularization. The viscosity of the slurry was adjusted by addition of calcium chloride (CaCl2) which led to more uniformity and densification. The effects of sintering temperatures on microstructure were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT). Our experiments showed that the higher sintering temperature increased the grain size and more uniformity of the scaffold. Furthermore, the struts became more rounded and microcracks were not observed which probably correlated to the higher density of scaffold. Thus, it is suggested that optimization of sintering temperatures might allow better control of grain growth and result in more microstructural uniformity.
Confirmation molecular structure of the Hevea rubber molecule and its effects in storage hardening
Authors: Theamsawade P , Kumarn S , Sakdapipanich J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Lipids are the one of major non-rubber components discovered in natural rubber (NR) latex, which reported to be the significant parameter affecting the properties of NR [1, 2]. Our previous work suggested that lipids are the major factor dominate branching formation in NR [3], which could bring about the change in physical properties of NR during long term storage as called storage hardening (SH) phenomenon. However, lipids found in NR consist of neutral and polar lipids, i.e., phospholipids and glycolipids [3]. The information on types of lipids affecting the storage hardening behaviour in NR have not yet been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the relationship between types of lipids on the gel formation in NR under accelerated storage. In the present work, natural rubber was treated by deproteinization, acetone extraction, chloroform:methanol extraction and transesterification for eliminating proteins, neutral lipids, polar lipids and linked lipids, respectively. The molecular structure of the rubber samples and the remaining non-rubber components were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Moreover, the rubber samples were subjected to study the storage hardening behaviour under accelerated condition using phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5).
The modification of steel belt layer of airless tire for finite element analysis
Authors: Phromjan J , Suvanjumrat C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The airless tire can be considered as composite structure since it composed of several components with different materials for desired performance. The three main components of airless tire are rubber tread, shear band and polymer spokes. The shear band composed of three complex steel belt layers and should be considered as a sub composite structure. The finite element method can be used in designing and development of airless tire. However the diversity of materials in each component including the complex sub structure resulted in complicate modelling and consuming analysis time. Thus, the large computational resources are required to analyse those components. In this research, the simplification of modelling and analysis of airless tire was attempted by modification of steel belt layers. The Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic model was used to describe the material properties of tread and spoke. The constitutive model constants were obtained by tensile and compressive test according to ASTM D412 and D575 standards, respectively. The simplified belt, which was developed by homogenization approach, was integrated into shear band component. The airless tire model with modified steel belt layers can be used to reduce the model complexity and analysis time while yields accurate results.
Efficient removal of methylene blue by low-cost and biodegradable highly effective adsorbents based on biomass in the fixed bed column
Authors: Sasaengta D , Panapoy M , Chaiyut N , Ksapabutr B 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The adsorptive ability of sustainable biomass (spent coffee ground (SC) and water hyacinth (WH)) and activated biochar derived from WH to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was evaluated under continuous fixed-bed column. Morphological structure and functional groups of WH and SC were determined by SEM and FTIR, respectively. The SEM showed the presence of porous structure of WH, whilst FTIR confirmed the presence of more hydroxyl groups at the WH surface, resulting in higher MB adsorption. A series of column experiments were performed with varying bed height and initial MB concentration. To determine the breakthrough curves and characteristic parameters for process design, Yoon-Nelson, Thomas and modified Dose-Response models were applied to experimental breakthrough data. The MB adsorption was dependent on the bed height and initial MB concentration. An increase in bed height resulted in improved adsorption capacity. With increasing initial MB concentration, the adsorption capacity decreased. The maximum adsorption capacity (Q0) of ∼391 mg/g by WH (at 0.75 cm bed height and 300 mg/L initial MB concentration) and ∼393 mg/g by its activated biochar (at 2 cm bed height and 200 mg/L initial MB concentration) was observed. The results showed that WH gave comparable MB adsorption capacity with a greater cost-effectiveness.
Enhanced mechanical performance of cement board composite reinforced with coconut coir fiber and tire rubber waste
Authors: Thepthong C , Ksapabutr B , Chaiyut N , Panapoy M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This work aimed to study the use of tire rubber waste (TW) and coconut coir fiber (CF) as the recycled material and partial replacement of cement and asbestos to produce cement board composite and obtain optimal replacement level. The amounts of TW and CF were the variables in this experimental study. Various mixtures were produced by partial replacement of cement with TW at different percentages (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10%) and with CF at different percentages (1, 2 and 4%) using a fiber length of 3 cm. The mechanical and physical properties of the cement boards were evaluated. Both the flexural and impact strengths of the cement boards increased with an increase in the content of TW and CF. The mechanical properties of the cement composites based on the combination of TW and CF were significantly better due to the synergy of TW and CF additions. Moreover, the results also showed that the density decreased with increasing in TW and CF. Therefore, TW and CF can be utilized as a good replacement of cement for cheap, lightweight and eco-friendly reinforced cement boards.
Phase assemblage and properties of laser cladded TixCrFeCoNiCu high-entropy alloy coating on aluminum
Authors: Li Yanzhou , Shi Yan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The TixCrFeCoNiCu(x:molar ratio,

x
=
0
,

0.2
,

0.5
,

0.8
,

or

1.0

) coating was depositd on aluminum by laser cladding. The phase structure, microstructure, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance were studied. The results show that with the increase of Ti content, the phase structure of the TixCrFeCoNiCu coating changes from single FCC to FCC + B2, and FCC + Laves phase. When Ti is increased to 1.0, cracks appear in the coating. The hardness of the TixCrFeCoNiCu coating is enhanced with the increase of Ti content, and ranges from 215HV0.2 to 585HV0.2, which is about 3 to 7 times that of the substrate. The strengthening mechanism of Ti0.2CrFeCoNiCu is solid solution strengthening, and when the Ti content is greater than 2, the strengthening mechanism of TixCrFeCoNiCu coating is precipitation strengthening. The influence of Ti on the wear resistance exhibits the same trend as with hardness. When Ti increased from 0 to 0.8, the wear rate of the TixCrFeCoNiCu coating changed from

2.26
×

10

−
4

mm

3

Nm

−
1

to

9.92
×

10

−
7

mm

3

Nm

−
1

:

smaller than the substrate. The addition of Ti increases the current corrosion density of TixCrFeCoNiCu coating, but both coatings still exhibits superior corrosion resistance relative to the substrate.
Microstructural evolution and precipitation behavior of the 0.1C-18Cr-1Al-1Si ferritic heat-resistant stainless steel during hot deformation
Authors: Zhang Yingbo , Zou Dening , Wei Tongyu , Li Jiao , Tong Libo , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The 0.1C-18Cr-1Al-1Si ferritic heat-resistant stainless steel has attracted considerable attention to high-temperature applications due to its favorable combination of creep and oxidation resistance. In this paper, the microstructural evolution and precipitation behavior of the 0.1C-18Cr-1Al-1Si ferritic heat-resistant stainless steel is studied from the compression deformation data in the temperature range of 850 °C–1050 °C and the strain rate range of 0.01–1 s−1. Experimental results demonstrate that higher temperatures and lower strain rates enhance the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) process with remarkable effectiveness. The main precipitates are proved as the AlN phases and the (Cr,Fe)23C6 carbides during hot deformation. With an increase in the deformation temperature, the size of (Cr,Fe)23C6 and AlN gradually increases, and volume fraction gradually decreases. When the strain rate decreases, the average size and volume fraction of (Cr,Fe)23C6 and AlN gradually increase. At the lower temperatures, the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) is strongly influenced by (Cr,Fe)23C6 formed on the grain boundaries, mainly because it causes a pinning effect, which hinders the movement of dislocations and delays the occurrence of the DRX.
SAXS-CT: a nanostructure resolving microscopy for macroscopic biologic specimens
Authors: Conceição A L C , Perlich J , Haas S , Funari S S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
SAXS-CT is an emerging powerful imaging technique which bridges the gap between information retrieved from high-resolution local techniques and information from low-resolution, large field-of-view imaging, to determine the nanostructure characteristics of well-ordered tissues, e.g., mineralized collagen in bone. However, in the case of soft tissues, features such as poor nanostructural organization and high susceptibility to radiation-induced damage limit the use of SAXS-CT. Here, by combining the freeze-drying the specimen, preceded by formalin fixation, with the nanostructure survey we identified and monitored alterations on the hierarchical arrangement of triglycerides and collagen fibrils three-dimensionally in breast tumor specimens without requiring sample staining. A high density of aligned collagen was observed precisely on the invasion front of the breast carcinoma, showing the direction of cancer spread, whereas substantial content of triglycerides was identified, where the healthy tissue was located. Finally, the approach developed here provides a path to high-resolution nanostructural probing with a large field-of-view, which was demonstrated through the visualization of characteristic nanostructural arrangement and quantification of content and degree of organization of collagen fibrils in normal, benign and malignant human breast tissue.
Gendering Foreign Policy: A Comparative Framework for Analysis
Authors: Aggestam Karin , True Jacqui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article seeks to explain the rise of pro-gender norms and feminist strategies in foreign policy, which are increasingly salient in global politics. How can this trend be theorized? In what ways is this development resisted and contested by other states and international actors? To what extent can we trace continuity and change in regard to gender and foreign policy? To address these major research questions and to spur cross-national comparative studies, this article advances a theoretical framework on gendering foreign policy. It draws on two strands of research, which rarely engage with one another: international feminist theory (IFT) and foreign policy analysis (FPA). We identify three ways in which comparative analysis of gender in foreign policy can be advanced: first, by highlighting the variations of pro-gender norms and enhancing the analytical assessment of cross-national trends; second, by generating a more robust explanation of the rise, embeddedness, and continuity of, as well as resistance to, pro-gender norms in foreign policy in similar and diverse contexts; and third, by examining both continuity and change in pro-gender norms in order to reveal the contestation around gender, which is at the heart of foreign policy.
Novel Use of Stimulating Fence-Post Technique for Functional Mapping of Subcortical White Matter During Tumor Resection: A Technical Case Series
Authors: Han Seunggu Jude , Teton Zoe , Gupta Kunal , Kawamoto Aaron , Raslan Ahmed M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Maximal safe resection remains a key principle in infiltrating glioma management. Stimulation mapping is a key adjunct for minimizing functional morbidity while “fence-post” procedures use catheters or dye to mark the tumor border at the start of the procedure prior to brain shift.

Objective
To report a novel technique using stereotactically placed electrodes to guide tumor resection near critical descending subcortical fibers.

Methods
Navigated electrodes were placed prior to tumor resection along the deep margin bordering presumed eloquent tracts. Stimulation was administered through these depth electrodes for subcortical motor and language mapping.

Results
Twelve patients were included in this preliminary technical report. Seven patients (7/12, 58%) were in asleep cases, while the other 5 cases (5/12, 42%) were performed awake. Mapping of motor fibers was performed in 8 cases, and language mapping was done in 1 case. In 3 cases, both motor and language mapping were performed using the same depth electrode spanning corticospinal tract and the arcuate fasciculus.

Conclusion
Stereotactic depth electrode placement coupled with stimulation mapping of white matter tracts can be used concomitantly to demarcate the border between deep tumor margins and eloquent brain, thus helping to maximize extent of resection while minimizing functional morbidity.