bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Device-to-Image Registration Free Needle Guide for Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Targeted Prostate Biopsy
Authors: Kulkarni Pankaj , Sikander Sakura , Biswas Pradipta , Laha Sumit , Cornnell Heather , Burt Jeremy R. , Bagci Ulas , Song Sang-Eun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Significant research has been done in the past decade for the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided needle guide (NG) systems for prostate intervention. Most of these systems have been restricted to application in the lab environment with lack of progress toward clinical application. Bulky and complex designs can be attributed to this practice. These systems also demand complex technical setup and usage procedures, which require extra technical personnel during the intervention in addition to specialized training for physicians. Moreover, “device-to-image” registration, essential for accurate and precise targeting, further complicates the overall process while increasing total time for intervention. In order to address these limitations, a simplified, MRI-guided, transperineal prostate biopsy NG system was designed and developed for rapid adoption into the clinical environment. The system consists of a NG device and a software toolkit. It does not require any special intraprocedural technical expertise or dedicated training. Also, to simplify and shorten total procedure time, the device uses the unique concept of “fixed coordinate device” eliminating the need for any device-to-image registration making it clinically friendly. To verify the NG design along with the registration free feature, image quality tests and agar phantom-based targeting experiments were performed under the guidance of 3T MRI scanner. The imaging tests resulted in a distortion of less than 1% in presence of the device and an average change of 1.3% in signal-to-noise ratio. For targeting experiments, maximum in-plane error distance of 3.8 mm with a mean of 2.2 mm and standard deviation of 0.8 mm was observed. The results show that an MRI-compatible simplified intervention device without the need of device-to-image registration is technically feasible.
Impact of Turbomachinery Degradation on Performance and Dynamic Behavior of Supercritical CO2 Cycle
Authors: Son Seongmin , Baek Jeong Yeol , Jeong Yongju , Lee Jeong Ik 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Due to small footprint and high efficiency, a Supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) power cycle is considered to be one of the promising next-generation power cycles. Although S-CO2 is reported as a powerful cleaning agent, the performance of a power system operating with S-CO2 will also inevitably degrade over time. Previous researchers have shown that turbomachinery deterioration could be a major subject regarding the system performance degradation. Nevertheless, no quantitative evaluation has yet been made so far. In this study, the impact of the performance degradation of the S-CO2 turbomachinery on the overall performance of the system is analyzed quantitatively. The concept of Health Parameter is used to simulate turbomachinery degradation. To quantify the impact, an S-CO2 direct-cycle small modular reactor is selected as a target system. A transient analysis platform is built using a nuclear system safety analysis code and the deep neural network (DNN)-based S-CO2 turbomachinery off-design performance model. System dynamics are evaluated for primary frequency control ability and secondary load-following capability. Results show that the control problems during the transient state can occur when the output fluctuations are large and the performance degradation is severe. It has been confirmed that even control failures of the PID controllers can occur. Therefore, the performance degradation of turbomachinery must be monitored and considered, for an operation strategy for S-CO2 systems.
Multiwave Vibrations in Mistuned Cascades With Tip-Shroud Friction
Authors: Johann Gross , Malte Krack 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Measurements taken during aero engine tests and in the field showed that flutter vibrations of shrouded blades can feature rich wave content (multiwave flutter vibrations). In a previous work, we demonstrated that this behavior can be explained by the nonlinear interaction of aeroelastically unstable traveling wave modes. The resulting vibrations are quasi-periodic. In this work, we show that the nonlinear modal interaction is not strictly needed, but actually mistuning alone can explain the multiwave form of flutter vibrations. The resulting vibrations are periodic and dominated by only a single mode shape of the mistuned system. However, unrealistically high mistuning intensities are needed to obtain significant contributions of multiple wave forms under the considered strong inter-blade coupling. Thus, we conclude that mistuning cannot explain the rich wave content observed in the measurements. Moreover, mistuning tends to hamper the nonlinear modal interactions and, thus, the occurrence of quasi-periodic multiwave flutter vibrations. This implies that intentional mistuning is not only useful to stabilize flutter but might also play an important role in developing flutter-tolerant blade designs.
Optimal Control and Energy Management for Hybrid Gas-Electric Propulsion
Authors: Richter Hanz , Connolly Joseph W. , Simon Donald L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The paper considers a generic model for a turbofan engine coupled to electromechanical (EM) elements used for energy conversion and storage in electric form. The electromechanical systems apply torque to the engine shafts, allowing for controllable power injection or extraction to and from the engine. The standard proportional-integral (PI) control law used to command fuel flow for turbofan speed regulation is maintained for compatibility with industry practices, leaving the electromechanical torque to be specified. The paper adopts an optimal control approach for this purpose, where a weighted combination of electric energy consumption and fuel consumption is minimized subject to the dynamics of the electrified propulsion system. The solution for the optimal torques is given by linear state feedback plus bias, with gains calculated numerically from engine linearization data. Energy balance equations are derived and used to guide the optimization, evaluate the resulting power distributions, and check for errors. Simulation studies are presented for a chop-burst transient and for a realistic flight mission profile with environmental input variations. The paper shows the economic advantage of operating the engine with the electrified components. Specifically, fuel burn can be reduced in exchange for electric energy, which must be replenished, but at lower cost.
Empowering local communities to make lifestyle changes: is the Health Mela a potential solution?
Authors: Watson Joseph , Satyan Rajbhandari , Gupta Romesh , Myers Martin , Campbell Robert , Macphie Elizabeth 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundHealth Melas are community-led public health events held in the North West of England that provide health information and free health checks. This descriptive observational study evaluates whether Health Melas are able to identify undiagnosed cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in hard-to-reach communities and encourage individuals to make lifestyle changes.MethodsAttendees ≥18 years at three separate Health Melas in 2016–2017 were invited to participate in screening and counselling for CVD risk factors as part of a Health MOT. Information was collected about demographics, CVD risk factors, blood pressure, total cholesterol, blood sugar and attendees’ feedback. QRISK2 scoring system was used to estimate CVD risk.Results375 attendees completed a questionnaire. The highest proportion (36.9%) of attendees were from areas of the lowest Index of Health Deprivation and Disability quintile; 38.8% were of South Asian ethnicity. Of the attendees who were eligible for a free National Health Service Health Check, 9.1% had received one. Overall, 57.5% of all attendees had a QRISK2 score ≥10% (of whom 56.9% were not on statins), 92.2% of attendees believed the Health Mela will help them to make lifestyle changes, 98.2% said they had improved their understanding of their health, and 99.6% thought the Health Mela was useful. 73.6% of those who had received a previous Health MOT reported making lifestyle changes. There was a positive correlation between South Asian ethnicity and QRISK2 score.ConclusionThis study suggests the Health Melas successfully involve South Asian populations and people from a lower Index of Health Deprivation and Disability. Attendees felt the events were useful, improved understanding of their health needs and encouraged them to make lifestyle changes. High rates of modifiable CVD risk factors were newly identified and a high proportion of attendees were found to be at intermediate to high risk of CVD.
Relationship between labour force satisfaction, wages and retention within the UK National Health Service: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Bimpong Kweku Andrew Ampadu , Khan Ausaf , Slight Robert , Tolley Clare L , Slight Sarah P 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesA systematic review was undertaken to understand the nature of the relationship between the UK National Health Service (NHS) labour force and satisfaction, retention and wages.DesignNarrative systematic review.Data sourcesThe literature was searched using seven databases in January 2020: MEDLINE (1996–present), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL via EBSCO) (1984–present), Embase (1996–present), PsycINFO (1987–present), ProQuest (1996–present), Scopus (all years) and Cochrane library (all years). We used medical subject headings and key words relating to ‘retention’, ‘satisfaction’ and ‘wages’.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesPrimary research studies or reviews that focused on the following relationships within the NHS workforce: wages and job satisfaction, job satisfaction and retention or wages and retention.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers screened all titles, abstracts and full texts, with arbitration by a third reviewer.Results27 803 articles were identified and after removing duplicates (n=17 156), articles were removed at the title (n=10 421), abstract (n=150) and full-text (n=45) stages. A total of 31 full-text articles were included. They identified three broad themes, low job satisfaction impacting negatively on job retention, poor pay impacting negatively on staff satisfaction and the limitations of increasing pay as a means of improving staff retention. Several factors affected these relationships, including the environment, discrimination, flexibility, autonomy, training and staffing levels.ConclusionsThis review highlighted how multiple factors influence NHS labour force retention. Pay was found to influence satisfaction, which in turn affected retention. An increase in wages alone is unlikely to be sufficient to ameliorate the concerns of NHS workers. More research is needed to identify the role of autonomy on retention. A system leadership approach underpinned by data is required to implement bespoke job satisfaction improvement strategies to improve retention and achieve the goals of the NHS Long Term Plan.
M1hottumor-associated macrophages boost tissue-resident memory T cells infiltration and survival in human lung cancer
Authors: Garrido-Martin Eva M , Mellows Toby W P , Clarke James , Ganesan Anusha-Preethi , Wood Oliver , Cazaly Angelica , Seumois Gregory , Chee Serena J , Alzetani Aiman , King Emma V , Hedrick Catherine C , Thomas Gareth , Friedmann Peter S , Ottensmeier Christian Hermann , Vijayanand Pandurangan , Sanchez-Elsner Tilman 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in determining the outcome between the antitumor effects of the adaptive immune system and the tumor’s anti-immunity stratagems, is controversial. Macrophages modulate their activities and phenotypes by integration of signals in the tumor microenvironment. Depending on how macrophages are activated, they may adopt so-called M1-like, antitumor or M2-like, protumor profiles. In many solid tumors, a dominance of M2-like macrophages is associated with poor outcomes but in some tumor types, strong M1-like profiles are linked to better outcomes. We aimed to investigate the interrelationship of these TAM populations to establish how they modulate the efficacy of the adaptive immune system in early lung cancer.MethodsMacrophages from matched lung (non-tumor-associated macrophages (NTAMs)) and tumor samples (TAMs) from resected lung cancers were assessed by bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analysis. Protein expression of genes characteristic of M1-like (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9) or M2-like (matrix metallopeptidase 12) functions was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Immunohistochemistry related the distribution of TAM transcriptomic signatures to density of CD8+tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) in tumors and survival data from an independent cohort of 393 patients with lung cancer.ResultsTAMs have significantly different transcriptomic profiles from NTAMs with >1000 differentially expressed genes. TAMs displayed a strong M2-like signature with no significant variation between patients. However, single-cell RNA-sequencing supported by immuno-stained cells revealed that additionally, in 25% of patients the M2-like TAMs also co-expressed a strong/hot M1-like signature (M1hot). Importantly, there was a strong association between the density of M1hotTAMs and TRMcells in tumors that was in turn linked to better survival. Our data suggest a mechanism by which M1hotTAMs may recruit TRMcells via CXCL9 expression and sustain them by making available more of the essential fatty acids on which TRMdepend.ConclusionsWe showed that in early lung cancer, expression of M1-like and M2-like gene signatures are not mutually exclusive since the same TAMs can simultaneously display both gene-expression profiles. The presence of M1hotTAMs was associated with a strong TRMtumor-infiltrate and better outcomes. Thus, therapeutic approaches to re-program TAMs to an M1hotphenotype are likely to augment the adaptive antitumor responses.
Mental health and suicide in former professional soccer players
Authors: Russell Emma R , McCabe Thomas , Mackay Daniel F , Stewart Katy , MacLean John A , Pell Jill P , Stewart William 
Published: July 2020

Introduction
There is growing recognition of an association between contact sports participation and increased risk of neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer’s disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. In addition to cognitive impairment, a range of mental health disorders and suicidality are proposed as diagnostic features of traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, the putative clinical syndrome associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. However, to date, epidemiological data on contact sport participation and mental health outcomes are limited.

Methods
For a cohort of former professional soccer players (n=7676) with known high neurodegenerative mortality and their matched general population controls (n=23 028), data on mental health outcomes were obtained by individual-level record linkage to national electronic records of hospital admissions and death certification.

Results
Compared with matched population controls, former professional soccer players showed lower risk of hospital admission for anxiety and stress related disorders, depression, drug use disorders, alcohol use disorders and bipolar and affective mood disorders. Among soccer players, there was no significant difference in risk of hospitalisation for mental health disorders between outfield players and goalkeepers. There was no significant difference in rate of death by suicide between soccer players and controls.

Conclusions
Among a population of former professional soccer players with known high neurodegenerative disease mortality, hospital admissions for common mental health disorders were lower than population controls, with no difference in suicide. Our data provide support for the reappraisal of currently proposed diagnostic clinical criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, in particular the inclusion of mental health outcomes.
Pediatric trauma primary survey performance among surgical and non-surgical pediatric providers in a Brazilian trauma center
Authors: Botelho Fabio , Truche Paul , Mooney David P , Caddell Luke , Zimmerman Kathrin , Roa Lina , Alonso Nivaldo , Bowder Alexis , Drumond Domingos , Abib Simone de Campos Vieira 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionTrauma is the leading cause of death and disability among Brazilian children and adolescents. Trauma protocols such as those developed by the Advanced Trauma Life Support course are widely taught, but few studies have assessed the degree to which the use of protocolized trauma assessment improves outcomes. This study aims to quantify the adherence of trauma assessment protocols among different types of frontline trauma providers.MethodsA prospective observational study of pediatric trauma care in one of the busiest Latin American trauma centers was conducted during 6 months. Trauma primary survey assessments were observed and adherence to each step of a standardized primary assessment protocol was recorded. Adherence to the assessment protocol was compared among different types of providers, the time of presentation and severity of injury. The relationship between protocol adherence and clinical outcomes including mortality, length of hospital stay, admission to pediatric intensive care unit, use of blood components, mechanical ventilation and number of imaging exams performed in the first 24 hours were also assessed.ResultsEmergency department evaluations of 64 patients out of 274 pediatric admissions were observed over a period of 6 months. 50% of the primary assessments were performed by general surgeons, 34.4% by residents in general surgery and 15.6% by pediatricians. There was an average adherence rate of 34.1% to the trauma protocol. Adherence among each specific step included airway: 17.2%; breathing: 59.4%; circulation: 95.3%; disability: 28.8%; exposure: 18.8%. No differences between specialties were observed. Patients with a more thorough primary assessment underwent fewer CT scans (receiver operating characteristic curve area: 0.661; p=0.027).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that trauma assessment protocol adherence among trauma providers is low. Thorough initial assessment reduced the use of CT scans suggesting that standardized pediatric trauma assessments may be a way to reduce unnecessary radiological imaging among children.Level of evidenceIV.Study typePediatric and global trauma.
The influence of sleep quality on weight retention in the postpartum period
Authors: Matenchuk Brittany A. , Davenport Margie H. 
Published: July 2020

Poor sleep in the postpartum is often treated as an unavoidable consequence of childbirth. This study aims to compare objective and subjective measures of sleep, explore the relationship between sleep and postpartum weight retention (PPWR), and investigate factors that may contribute to sleep quality in the postpartum period. In this cross-sectional cohort, PPWR, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)), and objective sleep and physical activity (accelerometry) were assessed in 109 women 0–52 weeks postpartum. Anthropometric and demographic data were collected. Gestational weight gain (GWG) was classified as inadequate, appropriate, or excessive according to Institute of Medicine guidelines. Average GWG (33.7 lbs) and PPWR (5.39 lbs) were not different between “good” (PSQI < 6) and “bad” (PSQI ≥ 6) sleepers. Following adjustment, mothers with excessive GWG who were “bad” sleepers had 5.26 higher odds of PPWR ≥ 10 lbs compared with all other combinations of GWG and PSQI. PSQI was not correlated with total sleep time (accelerometer-derived). Light activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were associated with reduced odds of being a “bad” sleeper. The influence of GWG on PPWR was modified by postpartum sleep quality. Both light activity and meeting the MVPA guidelines in the postpartum were associated with higher sleep quality. Novelty Subjectively rated poor sleep may represent the number of awakenings and wake after sleep onset in postpartum women. Poor postpartum sleep quality increases excessive postpartum weight retention in women with excessive GWG. Women doing light-to-vigorous physical activity in the postpartum are less likely to experience poor sleep quality.
Initial productivity and genetic parameters of three Corymbia species in Brazil: designing a breeding strategy
Authors: Araujo Marcio José de , Lee David John , Tambarussi Evandro Vagner , Paula Rinaldo Cesar de , Silva Paulo Henrique Müller da 
Published: July 2020

The survival, initial productivity, and the genetic parameters of Corymbia citriodora subsp. citriodora (CCC), Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata (CCV), and Corymbia torelliana (CT) were used to develop a breeding strategy for the Corymbia species. Survival, height, and diameter at breast height (DBH) data were assessed 24 and 36 months after planting, and the mean annual volume increment was estimated in three trials. Longitudinal DBH data analysis was applied individually to each trial to identify the best and the poorest families at both ages. The mortality ranged from 5% in CT to 27% in CCC, and the mean annual increment varied from 17.8 to 20 m3·ha−1·year−1 at 36 months after planting. The 36-month narrow-sense heritability [Formula: see text] was high for CCV (0.69 ± 0.17), moderate for CCC (0.41 ± 0.11), and low for CT (0.21 ± 0.09). The genetic parameters indicated the need for different breeding strategies for each species. Selecting the best families while roguing the poor families allowed forward selection of CCC and CCV. It was possible to select good CT trees for hybrid breeding; however, improving the species population requires focusing on increasing the effective size and expanding the genetic variability in the CT population.
Chronic Opioid Use and Risk of Cancer in Patients with Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Nationwide Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Oh Tak Kyu , Song In-Ae 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
To investigate whether chronic opioid therapy is associated with a higher risk of cancer among noncancer patients with chronic pain.

Methods:
A population-based historical cohort study of the South Korean adult population was conducted using data from the National Health Insurance Service. We included patients registered with a diagnostic code of M00–M99 (musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases) according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, in 2010. Patients prescribed a continuous supply of any opioid drug for ≥90 days were defined as chronic opioid users.

Results:
A total of 351,701 patients were analyzed. Among them, 25,153 (7.2%) were chronic opioid users. Using a multivariate time-dependent Cox regression model, the risk of cancer in chronic opioid users was 1.20-fold higher than that in controls [HR, 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–1.25; P &lt; 0.001]. On subgroup analysis according to opioid potency, the cancer risk in chronic weak and strong opioid users was 1.18-fold (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.13–1.23; P &lt; 0.001) and 1.32-fold (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.10–1.59; P = 0.003) higher than that in controls, respectively.

Conclusions:
Chronic opioid therapy was associated with an increased risk of cancer among noncancer patients with chronic pain. This association was more evident in chronic strong opioid users. However, as unmeasured and potential confounders may have affected the results, the relationship between chronic opioid use and cancer risk should be evaluated with caution.

Impact:
Chronic opioid therapy was associated with an increased risk of cancer among noncancer patients.