bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of tectonic activity using morphometric indices: case study of the Tatra Mts. (Western Carpathians, Poland)
Authors: Buczek Krzysztof , Górnik Marek 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Tatra Mountains (Tatra Mts.) are the highest and most glacially reshaped mountain massif in the Carpathians. Previous studies suggested the tectonic uplift of this massif along the large sub-Tatric fault during Quaternary. The main goal of this paper is to characterise the tectonic activity in the Tatra Mts. using 6 geomorphic indices for 78 drainage basins: the stream-gradient index (SL), asymmetry factor (Af), basin shape ratio (Bs), hypsometric integral (Hi), valley floor width–valley height ratio (Vf), as well as mountain-front sinuosity (Smf). These parameters were combined in order to obtain the relative tectonic activity index (Iat) using GIS. The average of the six computed geomorphic indices was used to evaluate the distribution of relative tectonic activity in the study area. According to Iat values, four classes of different tectonic activity can be distinguished in the Tatra Mts.: class 1 of very high tectonic activity (0.7% of Tatra Mts.); class 2 of high activity (24.3%); class 3 of moderate activity (68.4%); and class 4 of low activity (6.6%). Our study confirmed previous suggestions about unequal uplift of different parts of the massif. Iat values show high tectonic activity along the Sub-Tatric fault, as well as in the northern part of the Belianskie Tatra. Distribution of Vf and Hi values correlate with extend of glaciers during Last Glacial Maximum. It seems that values of some geomorphic indices, such as Vf and HI, are strongly associated with glacial reshaping of the Tatra Mts. during the Pleistocene.
Why Do People Begin to Meditate and Why Do They Continue?
Authors: Sedlmeier Peter , Theumer Jan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Studies that have examined why people begin to meditate and why they stay with it are few and inconclusive. We looked at these questions in two comprehensive exploratory studies.

Methods
In study 1, meditation teachers were asked why participants in their courses might begin to meditate and why they might continue to do so. A qualitative analysis of their responses, together with suggestions from the literature, yielded 77 distinct reasons that were applicable to both beginners and advanced meditators. In study 2, 245 meditators (49 who had practiced for less than 1 year) rated how strongly these reasons applied to themselves. Exploratory factor analyses of the reasons both to begin and to continue meditation were conducted.

Results
We found a large number of different categories that go beyond those identified in previous research. Reasons changed with increasing meditation practice, although spiritual goals tended to become more important only for practitioners with a spiritual background.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that reasons for meditating are much more diverse than previously assumed and that they are influenced by practitioners’ spiritual background and their personality characteristics.
Perlecan Domain-V Enhances Neurogenic Brain Repair After Stroke in Mice
Authors: Trout Amanda L. , Kahle Michael P. , Roberts Jill M. , Marcelo Aileen , de Hoog Leon , Boychuk Jeffery A. , Grupke Stephen L. , Berretta Antonio , Gowing Emma K. , Boychuk Carie R. , Gorman Amanda A. , Edwards Danielle N. , Rutkai Ibolya , Biose Ifechukwude J. , Ishibashi-Ueda Hatsue , Ihara Masafumi , Smith Bret N. , Clarkson Andrew N. , Bix Gregory J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe extracellular matrix fragment perlecan domain V is neuroprotective and functionally restorative following experimental stroke. As neurogenesis is an important component of chronic post-stroke repair, and previous studies have implicated perlecan in developmental neurogenesis, we hypothesized that domain V could have a broad therapeutic window by enhancing neurogenesis after stroke. We demonstrated that domain V is chronically increased in the brains of human stroke patients, suggesting that it is present during post-stroke neurogenic periods. Furthermore, perlecan deficient mice had significantly less neuroblast precursor cells after experimental stroke. Seven-day delayed domain V administration enhanced neurogenesis and restored peri-infarct excitatory synaptic drive to neocortical layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons after experimental stroke. Domain V’s effects were inhibited by blockade of α2β1 integrin, suggesting the importance of α2β1 integrin to neurogenesis and domain V neurogenic effects. Our results demonstrate that perlecan plays a previously unrecognized role in post-stroke neurogenesis and that delayed DV administration after experimental stroke enhances neurogenesis and improves recovery in an α2β1 integrin-mediated fashion. We conclude that domain V is a clinically relevant neuroprotective and neuroreparative novel stroke therapy with a broad therapeutic window.
Effects of annealing and firing in wet hydrogen on the dielectric breakdown strengths of alumina ceramics
Authors: Du Jishi , Tang Binghua , Liu Wei , Zhang Tao , Peng Jiagen , Chen Hu , Lei Yangjun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnnealing and firing in wet hydrogen are widely used steps in the processing alumina.ceramic insulators that may affect their dielectric breakdown strengths (DBS). In this study, the effects of annealing (at 1300 °C for 7 h) and firing in wet hydrogen on the DBS of alumina ceramics (all sintered at 1650 °C) were studied, and the underlying mechanisms were analyzed by material characterizations. Annealing reduced the DBS of the 95% alumina ceramics due to the inter-granular phase crystallization, and the reduction in the DBS could be correlated to the reduction in mechanical strength. In contrast, annealing improved the DBS of the 99% alumina ceramic without intergranular phase transformation. Firing in wet hydrogen at 1500 °C caused the DBS increment, which can be ascribed to the reduction in the concentrations of point defects and electrical carriers.
P-E hysteresis loop going slim in Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3-modified Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 ceramics for energy storage applications
Authors: Li Dongxu , Shen Zong-Yang , Li Zhipeng , Luo Wenqin , Wang Xingcai , Wang Zhumei , Song Fusheng , Li Yueming 
Published: April 2020

Abstract(Ba0.3Sr0.7)x(Bi0.5Na0.5)1-xTiO3(BSxBNT,x= 0.3–V0.8) ceramics were prepared to investigate their structure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties. BSxBNT ceramics possess pure perovskite structure accompanied from a tetragonal symmetry to pseudo-cubic one with the increase ofxvalue, being confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman results. TheTmcorresponding to a temperature in the vicinity of maximum dielectric constant gradually decreases from 110 °C (x= 0.3) to -45 °C (x= 0.8), acrossTm= 36 °C (x= 0.5) with a maximum dielectric constant (ɛr= 5920 @1 kHz) around room temperature. The saturated polarizationPsgradually while the remnant polarization Pr sharply decreases with the increase ofxvalue, making theP-Ehysteresis loop of BSxBNT ceramics goes slim. A maximum difference betweenPsandPr(Ps-Pr) is obtained for BSxBNT ceramics withx= 0.5, at which a high recoverable energy density (Wrec= 1.04 J/cm3) is achieved under an applied electric field of 100 kV/cm with an efficiency ofη= 77%. Meanwhile, the varied temperatureP-Eloops, fatigue measurements, and electric breakdown characteristics for the sample withx= 0.5 indicate that it is promising for pulsed power energy storage capacitor candidate materials.
Determination of polarization states in (K,Na)NbO3 lead-free piezoelectric crystal
Authors: Zhang Mao-Hua , Hu Chengpeng , Zhou Zhen , Tian Hao , Thong Hao-Cheng , Liu Yi Xuan , Xu Xing-Yu , Xi Xiao-Qing , Li Jing-Feng , Wang Ke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPolarization switching in lead-free (K0.40Na0.60)NbO3 (KNN) single crystals was studied by switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy (SS-PFM). Acquisition of multiple hysteresis loops on a closely spaced square grid enables polarization switching parameters to be mapped in real space. Piezoresponse amplitude and phase hysteresis loops show collective symmetric/asymmetric characteristics, affording information regarding the switching behavior of different domains. As such, the out-of-plane polarization states of the domains, including amplitudes and phases can be determined. Our results could contribute to a further understanding of the relationships between polarization switching and polarization vectors at the nanoscale, and provide a feasible method to correlate the polarization hysteresis loops in a domain under an electric field with the polarization vector states.
Effect of sintering temperature in argon atmosphere on microstructure and properties of 3D printed alumina ceramic cores
Authors: Li He , Liu Yongsheng , Liu Yansong , Zeng Qingfeng , Hu Kehui , Lu Zhigang , Liang Jingjing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlumina ceramics with different sintering temperatures in argon atmosphere were obtained using stereolithography-based 3D printing. The effects of sintering temperature on microstructure and physical and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that the average particle size, shrinkage, bulk density, crystallite size, flexural strength, Vickers hardness, and nanoindentation hardness increased with the increase in sintering temperature, whereas the open porosity decreased with increasing sintering temperature. No change was observed in phase composition, chemical bond, atomic ratio, and surface roughness. For the sintered samples, the shrinkage in Z direction is much greater than that in X or Y direction. The optimum sintering temperature in argon atmosphere is 1350 °C with a shrinkage of 3.0%, 3.2%, and 5.5% in X, Y, and Z directions, respectively, flexural strength of 26.7 MPa, Vickers hardness of 198.5 HV, nanoindentation hardness of 33.1 GPa, bulk density of 2.5 g/cm3, and open porosity of 33.8%. The optimum sintering temperature was 70 °C higher than that sintering in air atmosphere when achieved the similar properties.
Mit zweierlei Maß gemessen – Kalkulierte Ambivalenz in rechtspopulistischen Repräsentationen von Geschlechterverhältnissen
Authors: Reisigl Martin 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungKalkulierte Ambivalenz ist ein rhetorisches Prinzip, das in Parteiprogrammen, in der politischen Werbung, in konsensorientierten Kommunikationstypen wie Gedenkreden, in diplomatischen Text- und Diskursarten sowie halbherzigen Entschuldigungen gerne verwendet wird. Es dient dazu, die Vereinbarkeit von gegensätzlichen politischen sowie ideologischen Interessen und Positionen zu suggerieren, mehrere Gruppen von Wähler*innen gleichzeitig zu adressieren, Tabus zu brechen, ohne die Verantwortung übernehmen zu müssen, und die Festlegung auf eine eindeutige Position zu vermeiden. Sie kann das Ergebnis der Mitwirkung unterschiedlicher Personen an der Textarbeit sein. Der Beitrag geht darauf ein, wie das Prinzip im rechten oppositionellen ebenso wie im Regierungspopulismus der FPÖ bei der Darstellung von Geschlechterverhältnissen angewandt wird, um die traditionelle Männerpartei als frauenfreundlichere Partei erscheinen zu lassen.
Un agent abyssinien et deux rois indiens à La Mecque: Interactions autour du droit islamique auxve siècle
Authors: Kooria Mahmood 
Published: April 2020

RésumésDurant le premier millénaire de l’islam, la plus grande faculté de droit(madrasa)de La Mecque fut créée par un souverain bengali. Connue sous le nom d’université Banjāliyya, elle devint l’un des instituts les plus importants de la ville. Une deuxième université fut fondée deux décennies plus tard par un autre sultan bengali, né et élevé en hindou. Cet article revient en détail sur la création et l’histoire de ces deux universités et sur les implications en matière d’interactions juridiques pour l’historiographie existante sur le Moyen-Orient, l’islam d’Asie du Sud et l’océan Indien. Le premier projet d’établissement, mené à bien par un agent abyssin, montre comment le droit a fourni des fondements et un langage communs qui permirent aux musulmans asiatiques, africains et arabes d’échanger et d’harmoniser leurs desseins culturels, économiques, politiques et diplomatiques. Les représentations liées aux projets juridiques ouvraient des possibilités qui n’auraient autrement pas été envisageables et qui dépassaient le droit en tant que doctrine religieuse. Cette histoire d’un triangle d’interactions afro-arabo-asiatique amène à repenser ce que nous savions sur l’islam prémoderne et le droit islamique. Au lieu de considérer les Arabes comme les seuls exportateurs de l’islam et de son droit et les croyants d’Asie et d’Afrique comme de simples récepteurs, il faut accepter la réalité d’échanges réciproques existant depuis les périodes prémodernes. L’histoire des facultés de droit bengalies à La Mecque éclaire sur ces interconnexions afro-arabo-asiatiques et sur leur rôle dans la formation de l’islam d’Asie du Sud en particulier et de l’océan Indien en général.
Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation in Pediatric Isolated Dystonia: A 10-Year Follow-up
Authors: Xu Wenying , Li Hongxia , Zhang Chencheng , Sun Bomin , Wu Yiwen , Li Dianyou 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT:Objective:To evaluate the short-term and long-term clinical effectiveness and safety of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) for medically intractable pediatric isolated dystonia.Methods:Using a longitudinal retrospective design, we assessed the clinical outcomes of nine patients who underwent STN-DBS for treatment-refractory pediatric isolated dystonia one decade ago (mean age at surgery: 15.9 ± 4.5 years). The primary clinical outcome used was assessed by retrospective video analyses of patients’ dystonia symptoms using the Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS). Clinical assessments were performed at baseline, 1-year follow-up (1-yr FU), and 10-year follow-up (10-yr FU). Adverse side effects, including surgery-related, device-related, and stimulation-related effects, were also documented.Results:After STN-DBS surgery, the mean improvement in the BFMDRS motor score was 77.1 ± 26.6% at 1-yr FU and 90.4 ± 10.4% at 10-yr FU. Similarly, the mean BFMDRS disability score was improved by 69.5 ± 13.6% at 1-yr FU and by 86.5 ± 13.9% at 10-yr FU. The clinical improvements gained at 10-yr FU were significantly larger than those observed at 1-yr FU. Negative correlations were found between the duration of disease to age at surgery ratio (DD/AS) and the improvements in the BFMDRS motor score and total score at 1-yr FU and 10-yr FU.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this study provides the first clinical evidence for the short- and long-term effectiveness and safety of STN-DBS for pediatric isolated dystonia. Additionally, putative evidence is provided that earlier STN-DBS intervention in patients with refractory pediatric isolated dystonia may improve short- and long-term clinical outcomes.
Effect of antibiotic time-outs on modification of antibiotic prescriptions in nursing homes
Authors: Liao Chi-Yin , Nace David A. , Crnich Christopher J. , Bahrainian Mozhdeh , Ford James H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground:Antibiotic overuse and misuse is a common problem in nursing homes. Antibiotic time-out (ATO) interventions have led to improvements in antibiotic uses in hospitals, but their impact in nursing homes remain understudied.Objective:To evaluate the impact of a stewardship intervention, promoting use of ATOs on the frequency and types of antibiotic change events (ACEs) in nursing homes.Design:Controlled before-and-after intervention study.Setting:Nursing homes in Wisconsin and Pennsylvania.Method:Data on antibiotic prescriptions in 11 nursing homes were collected for 25 months. We categorized ACEs as (1) early discontinuation, (2) class modification, or (3) administration modification. Class modification ACEs were further classified based on whether the change narrowed, expanded, or had no effect on bacterial spectrum coverage. Analyses were performed using a difference-in-difference (DiD) approach.Result:Of 2,647 antibiotic events initiated in study nursing homes, 376 (14.2%) were associated with an ACE. The overall proportion of ACEs did not significantly differ between intervention and control nursing homes. Early discontinuation ACEs increased in intervention nursing homes (DiD, 2.5%; P = .01), primarily affecting residents initiated on broad-spectrum antibiotics (DiD, 2.9%; P < .01). Class modification ACEs decreased in intervention nursing homes but remained unchanged in control nursing homes.Conclusion:The impact of an ATO intervention in study nursing homes was mixed with increases in early discontinuation ACEs offset by reductions in class modification ACEs. More research on the potential value of ATO interventions in nursing homes is warranted.
Variability in antifungal stewardship strategies among Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network facilities
Authors: Fitzpatrick Margaret A. , Albarillo Fritzie , Santarossa Maressa , Evans Charlesnika T. , Suda Katie J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:To characterize antifungal stewardship among antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) at a diverse range of hospitals and to correlate antifungal stewardship with hospital characteristics.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Participants:ASP physician and/or pharmacist members at Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network (SRN) hospitals.Methods:An electronic survey administered August–September 2018 via the SRN to 111 hospitals. The χ2 test was used to test associations between ASP and hospital characteristics and use of antifungal stewardship strategies.Results:Of 111 hospitals, 45 (41%) responded; most were academic medical centers (65%) caring for stem-cell patients (73.3%) and solid-organ transplant patients (80.0%). Most hospitals have large, well-established ASPs: 60% had >5 team members and 68.9% had a duration ≥6 years. In 43 hospitals (95.6%), ASPs used antifungal stewardship strategies, most commonly prospective audit and feedback (73.3%) by a pharmacist (71.4%). Half of ASPs (51.1%) created guidelines for invasive fungal infection (IFI) management. Most hospitals (71.1%) offered rapid laboratory tests to diagnose IFI, but polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and antifungal susceptibility testing varied. Also, 29 ASPs (64.4%) perform surveillance of antifungal utilization, but only 9 (31%) reported to the CDC National Healthcare Safety Network. ASP size, duration, and presence of transplant populations were not associated with a higher likelihood of using antifungal stewardship strategies (P > .05 for all).Conclusions:The use of antifungal stewardship strategies was high at SRN hospitals, but they mainly involved audit and feedback. ASPs should be encouraged (1) to disseminate guidelines for IFI management, (2) to promote access to laboratory tests for rapid and accurate IFI diagnosis, and (3) to perform surveillance for antifungal utilization with reporting to the CDC.
Hidden diversity of small predators: new thorny lacewings from mid-Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar (Neuroptera: Rhachiberothidae: Paraberothinae)
Authors: Nakamine Hiroshi , Yamamoto Shûhei , Takahashi Yui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThorny lacewings (Rhachiberothidae) are currently distributed only within Africa, whereas they are prevalent in the fossil record of various Cretaceous ambers across the Northern Hemisphere, with a handful of the fossil records from some Eocene European ambers. Four rhachiberothid species in four extinct genera are known from the mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar. Here, we report further examples of the remarkable palaeodiversity of this group from the same amber deposit, adding the four new fossil genera and seven new species:Acanthoberotha cuspisgen. et sp. nov.,Astioberotha falcipesgen. et sp. nov.,Stygioberotha siculiferagen. et sp. nov.,Uranoberotha chariessagen. et sp. nov.,Creagroparaberotha cuneatasp. nov.,Micromantispa galeatasp. nov. andM.spicatasp. nov. Based on a series of well-preserved specimens, we discuss the fine details of the raptorial forelegs and genital segments, which may be important for elucidating the phylogenetic relationships among genera. Our findings reveal an unexpectedly diverse assemblage of thorny lacewings in the Cretaceous System, highlighting the morphologically diverse rhachiberothids in Burmese amber. The discovery of seven additional rhachiberothid species in Myanmar amber suggests the potential for much higher diversity and abundance of the Cretaceous rhachiberothids than previously documented. Furthermore, morphological variation in the raptorial forelegs was found to be extremely diverse among the Burmese amber paraberothines, especially in terms of the size, number and shape of spines (or spine-like setae) on the inner edges of protibia, and the morphological structure of the probasitarsus.
Ultimate attainment in heritage language speakers: Syntactic and morphological knowledge of Italian accusative clitics
Authors: Romano Francesco Bryan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe acquisition of a heritage language, normally the weaker language of early bilinguals, has been oftentimes defined as incomplete, especially for morphosyntax. As a result, these early bilinguals resemble late bilinguals more than native language speakers, calling into question the role of age of exposure. The effects of syntactic complexity on knowledge of morphosyntactic structures, however, have not been sufficiently considered hitherto. This study investigates age of exposure and syntactic complexity by comparing heritage, second language, and native language speakers on knowledge of Italian accusative clitics in three structures. An oral structural priming task and a speeded grammaticality judgment task find a discrepancy in the level of ultimate attainment heritage speakers reach for syntax and morphology. While their abstract representation of clitic structures approximates that of native language speakers more closely, their morphological knowledge of clitics aligns with second language speakers, suggesting early exposure has tangible effects only on syntactic knowledge. In turn, syntactic complexity affects the representation of clitic structures in a predictable manner, but is inconsequential to explicit knowledge of morphological forms in monolingual and bilingual speakers. Lack of age of exposure effects in the morphological domain are attributed to interface vulnerability.