bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection of Personal Data in Digital Environment
Authors: Soldatova V. I. 
Published: March 2020

In recent years, the application of legislation in the field of personal data has become the focus of attention of legal scholars. With the development of digital technologies, the problem of protection of personal data becomes especially urgent. The importance of personal data is so great that some scholars treat them as intangible goods. In order to protect the interests of citizens, our State takes measures to localize citizens’ personal data by statutory regulation of the Russian segment of the Internet. Such remedies as the right to be forgotten and personal data anonymization are also applied.However, the practice, including judicial practice, shows that the available means of protection of personal data are insufficient in the context of new technologies. However, the practice of application of laws on personal data reveals a number of problems that need to be addressed. The attribution of specific information about natural persons to personal data leads to a number of questions with regard to the practice of the activities of state bodies. Under currently effective Article 3 of the Federal Law, the term personal data refers to any information relating directly or indirectly to a certain or definable natural person (subject of personal data). At the same time, the law does not specify which data about an individual refers to personal data. Due to this broad understanding of personal data, questions arise concerning the attribution of paticular information about an individual to personal data. In this regard, the definition of criteria for the attribution of specific information about a person to personal data becomes an important theoretical task.The issues of primary concern include: 1) strengthening of responsibility for violation of personal data legislation; 2) giving priority to the issue of neutrality of the Internet, 3) solving the problem of the balance between direct access to publicly available data and the need to protect personal data. In the author’s opinion, it is necessary to ensure by means of comprehensive measures the priority of protection of personal data of citizens. This problem is of particular importance in connection with the elaboration of new laws on the digital profile of citizens.
Optical Properties of a Glass Ceramic and an Indirect Resin Composite: Effects of Polishing and Staining
Authors: Dellazzana Fernando Zurlo , Rodrigues Camila Silva , Mallmann André , Jacques Letícia Borges 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLittle information is available about the optical behavior of glass ceramics and indirect resin composites. This study aimed to evaluate if an indirect resin composite can present similar behavior of color stability and translucency to a glass ceramic after polishing and aging in staining beverage. Specimens of a dental ceramic (IPS e.max Ceram) and an indirect resin composite (SR Adoro) were made. Half the specimens of each material were polished with disc-shaped tips. Groups were divided according to aging media: distilled water or immersion in red wine for 20 min/day during 30 days. CIE L*a*b* coordinates were measured with a spectrophotometer at baseline and after 30 days of aging. Color change was calculated by CIEDE2000 and translucency was calculated by contrast ratio (CR). Statistical analysis were performed with ANOVA and Tukey tests. Aging in red wine caused perceptible color change in both materials. Polishing only increased color change of indirect composite when aged in red wine. Ceramic groups showed greater opacity than the composite in all measurements. The indirect composite remained more translucent and results showed that it is capable of presenting color stability similar to a ceramic. However, polishing seems to increase its color change. Keywords: Ceramics. Color. Composite Resins. Dental Polishing. ResumoPouca informação comparando o comportamento óptico de cerâmicas vítreas e resinas compostas indiretas estão disponíveis na literatura. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se uma resina composta indireta pode apresentar comportamento semelhante a uma cerâmica vítrea em relação à estabilidade de cor e translucidez após polimento e envelhecimento em meio altamente pigmentante. Espécimes de uma cerâmica vítrea (IPS e.max Ceram) e uma resina composta indireta (SR Adoro) foram preparados. Metade dos espécimes de cada material foram polidas com pontas de polimento. Os grupos foram divididos conforme o meio de armazenamento: água destilada ou vinho tinto por 20 min/dia durante 30 dias. As coordenadas CIEL*a*b* foram medidas com espectrofotômetro previamente e após os 30 dias de armazenamento. A alteração de cor foi calculada pela equação CIEDE2000 e a translucidez foi calculada por razão de contraste. A análise estatística foi realizada pelos testes ANOVA e teste de Tukey. O armazenamento em vinho levou a uma alteração de cor perceptível nos dois materiais. O polimento apenas causou alteração de cor na resina composta indireta quando imersa em vinho tinto. A resina composta indireta manteve-se mais translúcida e os resultados mostraram que esse material é capaz de apresentar estabilidade de cor semelhante à cerâmica. No entanto, o polimento parece aumentar sua alteração de cor. Palavras-chave: Cerâmica. Cor. Polimento Dentário. Resinas Compostas.
Factors Affecting Islamic and Conventional Mutual Funds’ Returns. A Comparative Analysis of Different Classes of Funds in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Imran , Siddiqui Danish Ahmed 
Published: March 2020

This study aims to analyze and investigate the factors influencing returns of Islamic and conventional mutual funds in Pakistan. Furthermore, this study aims to investigate whether macroeconomic and systematic factors affect Shariah compliant Equity, Income and Assets allocation Mutual Funds differently as compared their conventional counterparts. Different statistical techniques like correlation and regression analysis were applied to study their effect. The study concluded that macro-economic factors have an impact on both conventional and Islamic mutual funds however their impact seems to be insignificant at large. Overall funds behaved negatively with discount rate, inflation and GDP, whereas positively with trade and market index. Apart from income funds that were affected positively with discount rate. Furthermore, income funds were not affected by market index. Moreover, inflation and GDP that is usually backed by higher interest rates, also effects overall returns negatively. There was no significant difference in the behavior among the Islamic and conventional funds with respect to the above-mentioned factors. Lastly, there was high correlation among both the equity and asset allocation based mutual funds (both Islamic and conventional). It was also found that asset allocation funds had close resemblance to equity-based funds as compared to income-based funds in term of factors influencing their returns, which suggested that most of the asset allocation funds have more portion of equity as compared to debt and could be considered high risk. Hence, they seem to be against Modern portfolio theory Markowitz (1952) presuming it to be in a minimum level of risk.
Adverse Effects of Climate Change in Bangladesh: its Physiological and Economic Impacts
Authors: Jahan Nusrat 
Published: March 2020

Rapid changing of climate, the effects of greenhouse and global warming, is an alarming situation of the global map with its adverse effects, sending several countries under the waves. Unfortunately, Bangladesh stands at the peak of climate attacks. The land, water, and weather are being enormously affected by this outbreak of climatic changes. The dangers will intensify, if the precautionary measure is not taken immediately. However, to offset the grave concerns of unintended climatic changes in Bangladesh, there is no any significant initiative is taken. The changes will put its adverse impact on the socio- economic conditions of the country, putting the next generation on the line. Some ominous signs are already there for the concerned to respond with the required amount of fervor.
JEL Classification Code: F64
Nuevas tecnologías, guías de manejo y su aplicación en la obstetricia moderna: el ejemplo de la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU)
Authors: Sanín-Blair José Enrique , Gutiérrez-Marín Jorge Hernán 
Published: March 2020

La medicina perinatal ha evolucionado en los últimos 25 años de una manera significativa; sin embargo, en temas como el parto prematuro se han obtenido resultados pobres en comparación con los esfuerzos económicos, tecnológicos y humanos. En el campo del crecimiento fetal anormal, la generalización en el uso de los medios tecnológicos derivados del ultrasonido ha revolucionado irreversiblemente el curso clínico de una enfermedad que hasta hace 2 décadas era de valoración subjetiva e indirecta por medio de mediciones de la altura uterina o ganancia ponderal y confirmación posnatal o post mórtem, con mínimos conocimientos relativos a la historia natural.1 De hecho, no hay consistencia entre los resultados de trabajos presentados en los años ochenta con los obtenidos actualmente con referencia a fetos con crecimiento anormal. Da la impresión de que se hablara de dos entidades diferentes.
Exactitud del test ADN-HPV para la detección de la enfermedad cervical de alto grado (NIC 2+) en mujeres con anormalidades citológicas (ASC-US y LSIL), afiliadas a la seguridad social en Bogotá (Colombia)
Authors: Isaza-Ruget Mario Arturo , Perez Gonzalo , Morales-Reyes Olga Lucía , Deantonio-Suárez Rodrigo , Alvarado-Heine Catherine , Trujillo Lina María 
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: evaluar la exactitud de la prueba ADNHPV en el diagnóstico de lesiones premalignas cervicales de alto grado (HSIL, por sus siglas en inglés) en mujeres con alteraciones citológicas ASC-US (células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado) y LSIL (lesión escamosa intraepitelial de bajo grado).Metodología: estudio de validez diagnóstica y de cohorte transversal, realizado en mujeres con diagnóstico citológico de ASC-US o LSIL entre octubre de 2006 y enero de 2008, pertenecientes al Programa de Tamizaje de Cáncer de Cérvix de una aseguradora privada en Bogotá (Colombia). Se comparó el resultado de la colposcopia y de la prueba de ADN-HPV con la patología del cérvix como patrón de oro.Resultados: de las 429 mujeres, 344 (80,2%) presentaron ASC-US y 85 (19,8%) LSIL. Las prevalencias de infección por HPV de alto riesgo fueron 52,9% y 75,7% en pacientes con reporte citológico de ASC-US y LSIL, respectivamente. A las 379 de las 425 pacientes se les practicó biopsia, 24 (6,3%) dieron positivas para HSIL. La sensibilidad de la prueba ADN-HPV para detectar lesiones de alto grado (NIC 2+) en las mujeres con reportes de citología ASC-US y LSIL fue 88% y la especificidad fue 44%. En 21 (87.5%) de los 24 casos de HSIL se detectó la presencia de HPV de alto riesgo.Conclusión: debido a que la prueba ADN-HPV tiene una sensibilidad superior a la citología cervicovaginal (CCV), ésta puede considerarse una alternativa útil para estratificar el riesgo y mejorar la aproximación diagnóstica de lesiones premalignas del cuello uterino en mujeres con reporte de ASC-US.
Aloinmunización RH: manejo anteparto. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Molina-Giraldo Saulo , Moise-Jr Kenneth J. 
Published: March 2020

Introducción: la aloinmunización Rh es una enfermedad frecuente en Colombia pese al uso de inmunoglobulina anti-D(Rho) en los embarazos de alto riesgo. Asimismo, es una condición que requiere la identificación temprana de los factores de riesgo, así como el adecuado tamizaje con el fin de lograr una remisión oportuna a una unidad materno-fetal con experiencia para disminuir las complicaciones fetales y brindar la terapia indicada en caso de ser necesario.Objetivo: revisar la exactitud de los métodos de tamizaje y de diagnóstico temprano, así como también la efectividad de los métodos no invasivos e invasivos de tratamiento.Metodología: se realizó una revisión de la literatura existente de acuerdo con las bases de datos PubMed, EBSCO, Ovid y ProQuest desde el año 2000 hasta el 2008, la cual incluyó artículos de revisión e investigaciones originales.Resultados: la titulación de anticuerpos y el pico de velocidad máximo sistólico de la arteria cerebral media son las herramientas que permiten realizar la evaluación y la identificación de las pacientes en riesgo. El tratamiento incluye transfusión intrauterina y parto oportuno mientras que la prevención con la inmunoglobulina anti-D (Rho) continúa indicada.Conclusión: la aloinmunización Rh aún es una patología de interés en el control de las pacientes obstétricas de bajo y alto riesgo. El conocimiento que se obtenga de la enfermedad permitirá realizar el diagnóstico oportuno y, de esta manera, identificar los fetos en riesgo que son susceptibles de terapia intrauterina.
Fitoestrógenos: revisión de tema
Authors: Díaz-Yamal Ivonne , Munévar-Vega Liliana 
Published: March 2020

Introducción: los fitoestrógenos son sustancias encontradas en gran variedad de plantas. Recientemente, han sido propuestos para el manejo de las alteraciones asociadas con la menopausia.Objetivo: entender la bioquímica y farmacodinamia de estos compuestos y la evidencia que existe sobre su uso en la práctica clínica.Metodología: se realizó revisión de artículos en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, Ovid, MDconsult, ProQuest y Science Direct.Resultados: se encontraron dos metaanálisis, 5 estudios clínicos aleatorizados y controlados y 6 artículos con series de casos o descriptivos. Tanto los estudios clínicos como las series de casos presentaron un número reducido de pacientes. Dos metaanálisis en los que se comparó el uso de fitoestrógenos para los sofocos u oleadas de calor, indicaron que su efectividad es similar a la del placebo mientras que no se encontró evidencia de efectividad en otros síntomas perimenopáusicos. En los estudios se evaluó la seguridad de los fitoestrógenos a nivel endometrial y de seno; aún así, no se observó mayor riesgo con su uso.Conclusión: no hay evidencia que sustente el uso de los fitoestrógenos; por lo tanto, se deben realizar más estudios que demuestren la efectividad o no de estos compuestos en los síntomas perimenopáusicos.
Síndrome de Ogilvie poshisterectomía: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Hernández-Pinzón Jairo , Castillo-Zamora Marcos , Rodríguez Carolina 
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: presentar el estudio y el tratamiento que se le realizó a una mujer embarazada que presentó Síndrome de Ogilvie (SO) como complicación de una histerectomía obstétrica, así como describir la epidemiología,lafisiopatología,loshallazgosclínicos después de los procedimientos gineco-obstétricos y el tratamiento de esta patología mediante una revisión de la literatura.Presentación del caso: mujer de 28 años de edad con embarazo de 38 semanas de gestación quien después de parto vaginal eutócico sufrió atonía uterina. Debido a la falta de mejoría con el manejo médico, se le realizó una histerectomía abdominal subtotal, presentando picos febriles, intolerancia a la vía oral, taquicardia, distensión e hipertimpanismo abdominal con dolor a la palpación superficial y profunda en hemiabdomen derecho y peristaltismo disminuido durante el posoperatorio. La radiografía de abdomen evidenció un cuadro obstructivo con origen probable a nivel del intestino delgado, por lo que se le practicó una laparotomía exploratoria donde se le encontró peritonitis fecal y perforación colónica a nivel de la válvula ileocecal, sin evidencia de obstrucción mecánica.Discusión: el SO se caracteriza por la dilatación masiva y progresiva del colon en ausencia de una obstrucción mecánica. Se desarrolla principalmente en pacientes hospitalizadas con graves condiciones médico-quirúrgicas, pero también se presenta frecuentemente después de procedimientos gineco-obstétricos. Debido a que este síndrome se ha visto asociado con una alta morbimortalidad, es necesario que el gineco-obstetra lo tenga en cuenta como diagnóstico diferencial y esté atento a su presentación como complicación de cirugías obstétricas o ginecológicas.
Cardiomiopatía periparto: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura*
Authors: Hernández-Guzmán Alejandro , Nieto-Calvache Albaro José , Medina-Palmezano Virna , Delgado-Gutiérrez Julián 
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: realizar una revisión de la literatura acerca de los aspectos más relevantes del manejo de la cardiomiopatía periparto (CMPP) en la unidad de alta dependencia obstétrica.Presentación del caso: presentamos un caso clínico con diagnóstico de CMPP al cuarto día posparto. El ecocardiograma identificó un compromiso de la fracción de eyección. El tratamiento intensivo y adecuado permitió la supervivencia y la recuperación de la función ventricular sistólica izquierda.Discusión: la CMPP es una enfermedad cardíaca rara que ocurre durante el período posparto, la cual ha sido reconocida como una entidad distinta al infarto de miocardio cuyos signos y síntomas tempranos de falla cardíaca pueden estar ocultos por las modificaciones normales del embarazo. La evidencia indica que la tasa de letalidad varía entre 9% y 56% con la mayoría de las muertes ocurridas dentro de los tres primeros meses posparto. Su diagnóstico se basa en la presentación clínica de falla cardíaca congestiva y la evidencia objetiva de disfunción sistólica ventricular izquierda. Por lo tanto, el tratamiento debe incluir la terapia para falla cardíaca, la cual implica la reducción de la precarga, la poscarga y el uso de agentes inotrópicos, diuréticos, vasodilatadores y la digoxina. Igualmente, los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (IECA) deben ser incluidos en el tratamiento posparto de la CMPP. La finalización del embarazo depende del estado funcional y de la respuesta al tratamiento inicial. Por esto, el obstetra juega un papel fundamental en el abordaje multidisciplinario de las mujeres con esta entidad y debe coordinar los esfuerzos del equipo tratante.
Chemical Synthesis and Characterization of Conducting Polyaniline
Authors: Et al. Hasoon 
Published: March 2020

The polyaniline powder was chemically manufactured by direct oxidation of aniline. The resulting polymer was characterized by the results of optical, measurements by (FT-IR) spectroscopy, we have detected some of the absorption peaks located at 3498, 2858 cm-1, which correspond N-H vibrations, and C-H expansion of the aromatic ring respectively as well as stretching vibrations of quinoid ring have been observed. Structural properties, such as the surface topography using an atomic force microscope (AFM), and Surface composition by (SEM) have been studied. The structure of some pellets of polyaniline powder have been examined by using analytical X-ray diffraction technique, the pattern of observed lines shows a crystalline nature and three large peaks observed.
Measurement of the Radon Concentration and Annual Effective Dose in Malva sylvestris (Khabbaz) Plant Used in Traditional Medicine and Food
Authors: Et al. Mohammed 
Published: March 2020

In this study, the radon gas concentration as well as the annual effective dose in leaves of the Malvasylvestris (Khabbaz) plant used in the traditional treatment and as food in Iraq, for this, it is necessary to evaluate the concentrations radon gas, which were measured using solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) CR-39 technique. The concentration and annual effective dose in samples were collected from Baghdad city ranged from minimum to maximum value 15.815 , 0.498 , 54.445 , 1.717 respectively, while the values of concentration and annual effective dose in a sample collected from Karbala are 15.297 ,0.482 . These values of concentration and annual effective dose less were compared with the samples from Baghdad. The annual effective dose lies well within the safe limits as recommended by WHO. So, the uses of Malvasylvestris plant are in traditional medicine and as a safe food for human consumption.
Estimating Errors When Analyzing Two-Rate Flow Tests
Authors: Earlougher R. C. 
Published: March 2020

Pinson1 recently described a technique for simplifying the analysis of two-rate transient flow tests. For rigorous analysis, one should plot Pwfvs (equation).
This graph will have a straight-line section with slope m, which is related to the system transmissibility (kh/µ). Pinson suggests plotting Pwf vs log Δt when the first flow rate, q1, acts over a long time. This plot should have a straight-line portion whose slope, m', is related to system transmissibility.
Pinson does not indicate how long the initial flow period must be before the simplified analysis method provides valid results. This note presents a method for estimating the error obtained in transmissibility and skin factor when the simplified analysis technique is used for a two-rate flow test. This error can be used to decide which analysis technique to use.
By combining the complete flow equations1,2 we obtain the error in calculated transmissibility when the simplified analysis technique is used.
A quantitative assessment of the parameters of the role of receptionists in modern primary care using the work design framework
Authors: Burrows Michael , Gale Nicola , Greenfield Sheila , Litchfield Ian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Amidst increased pressures on General Practice across England, the receptionist continues to fulfil key administrative and clinically related tasks. The need for more robust support for these key personnel to ensure they stay focussed and motivated is apparent, however to be effective a more systematic understanding of the parameters of their work is required. Here we present a valuable insight into the tasks they fulfil their relationship with colleagues and their organisation, and their attitudes and behaviour at work collectively defined as their ‘work design’.
Methods
Our aim was to quantitatively assess the various characteristics of receptionists in primary care in England using the validated Work Design Questionnaire (a 21 point validated questionnaire, divided into four categories: task, knowledge and social characteristics and work context with a series of sub-categories within each). This was available online and in addition 500 postal questionnaire were sent to a random sample of 100 general practices across England. An online cross-sectional survey was employed with receptionists (N=54). Additionally (N=16; RR=3.1%).
Results
Seventy participants completed the WDQ; 54 completed the survey online 16 completed the postal version (response rate of 3.1%). Receptionists reported high task variety, task significance and, high level of information processing and knowledge demands, confirming the high cognitive load placed on them by performing numerous yet significant tasks. This complex role required an array of skills, to accommodate their various administrative, communicative, problem solving and decision-making duties they have, and there was a reliance on colleagues for support and feedback.
Conclusion
Research with modern GP receptionists is sparse and little is known formally regarding the parameters of the role. This research explores the work design of GP receptionists and offers clinicians in practice a practical overview of this important and essential role and its implications for the modern GP practice. We suggest a number of ways in to better support the modern receptionist, including separating complex tasks to avoid the errors involved with high cognitive load, providing informal feedback and developing training programmes.