bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging structural and micro-level factors in cultural labor studies
Authors: Shin Victor K.W. , Tsang Ling Tung , Tse Tommy H.L. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This study aims to examine how the organizational structure of arts groups and their administrative personnel’s socio-demographic attributes affect the working conditions of and create tensions for their staff. Recent discussion about the cultural industries and labor has pursued two strands – macro-level research expounds on the organization of cultural industries and labor market; and micro-level studies focus on the work and employment of cultural practitioners. Very few of them, however, articulate the relationships between the two levels. This study contributes to the literature with a multilevel framework that examines the interplay between the structural conditions and personal factors in which labor–capital relationships evolve.

Design/methodology/approach
This study applies a qualitative approach to collect and analyze data. It conducted 39 in-depth interviews with arts managers and administrators from a sample of 18 performing arts organizations across four performing arts sectors in Hong Kong, namely, drama, music, dance and opera. The stratified sample covers arts organizations of different funding models – the public “nationalized” form, the mixed-economy form, and the privatized form.

Findings
This study shows that the funding and organization model of arts organizations resulted in various forms of job structure, and that the practitioners’ socio-demographic background shapes their career expectations. The job structure and career expectations together affect the labor turnover and influence organization strategies.

Originality/value
This study’s methodological contribution lies on its application of a multilevel framework to analyze the relationships between the macro- and the micro-level factors underpinning the working conditions of labor in the cultural industries. Besides, it contributes to the discussion about “labor precariousness” with empirical evidence from a comparative study of arts managers and administrators from organizations across four performing arts sectors.
Tourism destination image based on tourism user generated content on internet
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Yunpeng , Wu Bihu , Wang Yao 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study tourists’ spatial and psychological involvement reflected through tourism destination image (TDI), TDI is divided into on-site and after-trip groups and the two groups are compared in the frame of three-dimensional continuums.

Design/methodology/approach
By conducting latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) modeling to tourism user-generated content, structural topic models are established. The topics separated out from unstructured raw texts are structural themes and representations of TDI. Social network analysis (SNA) reveals the quantitative and structural differences of three-dimensional continuums of the two TDI groups.

Findings
The findings reveal that from the stage of on-site to after-trip, tourist perception of TDI shifts from psychologically to functionally-oriented, from common to unique, and from holistic to more attribute focused. Also, it is suggested that from a postmodernism perspective, TDI is never unique, fixed or universal, but has different image perceptions and feedbacks for different tourists.

Research limitations/implications
With the assistance of social sensing, a panoramic view of TDI could be established. Targeted and precision destination marketing and image promotion could be applied out to each individual tourist.

Originality/value
Combining with the perspectives of the tourist-destination space system and the tourism involvement theory, this research proposes a TDI transformation model and an explanation of the internal mechanism. The originality of research also lies in the methodological innovation of social sensing data and the LDA topic model.
Competitor intelligence and analysis (CIA) model and online reviews: integrating big data text mining with network analysis for strategic analysis
Authors: Köseoglu Mehmet Ali , Mehraliyev Fuad , Altin Mehmet , Okumus Fevzi 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This study aims to propose a competitor intelligence and analysis (CIA) model that can be used for the analysis of a firm’s competitors. Empirically, it investigates the application of the CIA model on online reviews. This proposed model clarifies the confusion between terms such as competitive intelligence, competitor intelligence and competitor analysis and provides a more efficient process for managers.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach of the model integrates text mining techniques as a big data method with network analysis to form a competitor analysis. This study has considered two centrality metrics – degree centrality and betweenness centrality – to identify the functional associations among the resources elaborated by the customers of the hotels.

Findings
Findings show online reviews may be used as a solid source of intelligence. The intelligence maps visualized through the text-net technique is an efficient representation of tourist satisfaction and dissatisfaction with a tourism company and its competitors.

Practical implications
The proposed approach can be used in the hotel industry along with many others. The implications for scholars and managers and the possible directions for future research are also discussed in the study.

Originality/value
This study develops a new approach for competitive intelligence practices in the hotel industry and tests a new method for competitor analysis as a part of the competitive intelligence and analysis approach developed in this study.
Do swallows (Hirundo daurica) use the visual cue of hatchling down‐feathers to discriminate parasite alien nestlings?
Authors: WANG Jiaojiao , LI Qihong , WANG Longwu , YANG Canchao , LIANG Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEgg recognition is a variable but common anti‐parasitism defense among different species of birds with brood parasites. In contrast, nestling recognition is rare. Very few studies have found nestling recognition in brood parasite hosts and determined the rejection mechanism behind this behavior. Hosts may use the number of hatchling down‐feathers to reject parasite nestlings. We tested whether hatchling down‐feathers is a visual cue for the red‐rumped swallow, a host that can recognize and reject parasite nestlings. Our results indicated that red‐rumped swallows do not recognize foreign nestlings based on hatchling down‐feathers. The closed nest structure and hatchling morph may explain the absence of such a mechanism. None of the rejection mechanisms found in previous studies could explain the nestling recognition in swallows. Olfactory cues, tactile cues, or other visual cues, except for single nestling or hatchling down‐feathers, may provide nestling recognition in red‐rumped swallows. More study is needed to evaluate these possibilities.
Multipolarity and the Future of Multilateralism: Towards ‘Thick’ Peacekeeping in the Donbas Conflict
Authors: Hadano Takamitsu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article contributes to research on the relationship between multipolarity and multilateralism. One aim of this article is to consider the role of multilateralism in the age of multipolarity by investigating Russia’s approach to multilateralism, especially in the context of the Donbas conflict. Russia has been a staunch supporter of a polycentric world order. Thus, an analysis of its attitude towards multilateralism provides insights into the role of multilateralism in the emerging multipolar world. It will be argued that, while convergence of interests and equal participation of states cannot be assumed in the age of multipolarity, multilateralism can still facilitate policy coordination among states, including rising powers, and provide legitimacy to their policy decisions. Another aim is to explore what peacekeeping – an international practice reflective of multilateralism – can deliver in the multipolarising world. This article examines recent debates over the deployment of a peacekeeping mission to eastern Ukraine and argues that peacekeeping can not only help achieve security policy coordination among states, including rising powers, but also help create a common diplomatic culture and hence a sense of we‐feeling among them, which may in turn develop into an inclusive regional security framework.
Social Media Mobility: Leveraging Twitter Networks in Online Diplomacy
Authors: Manor Ilan , Segev Elad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecent years have seen mass adoption of social media by ministries of foreign affairs (MFAs). However, diplomats are still searching for ways to evaluate their online activity and assess the impact of online activities on offline diplomacy. This article argues that the centrality of a diplomatic institution to a Twitter network of its peer can be used to evaluate both online and offline diplomacy. Central actors on Twitter can set diplomats’ offline agenda, influence how diplomats view issues being debated in diplomatic forums, gather information relevant to the policy formulation process and become information brokers between nations. Moreover, through a two‐year analysis of the Twitter networks of MFA and UN missions we demonstrate that diplomatic institutions can perform an act of upward social media mobility by which they become more central to Twitter networks. We also show that hard power resources such as the relative wealth of nations and their population size does not guarantee online centrality. Thus, diplomatic institutions may suffer from downward social media mobility in which they become less influential online. Finally, we identify a set of digital tactics and strategies that enable MFAs and embassies to become more central to Twitter networks of their peers.
Existential Security: Towards a Security Framework for the Survival of Humanity
Authors: Sears Nathan Alexander 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHumankind faces a growing spectrum of anthropogenic existential threats to human civilization and survival. This article therefore aims to develop a new framework for security policy – ‘existential security’ – that puts the survival of humanity at its core. It begins with a discussion of the definition and spectrum of ‘anthropogenic existential threats’, or those threats that have their origins in human agency and could cause, minimally, civilizational collapse, or maximally, human extinction. It argues that anthropogenic existential threats should be conceptualized as a matter of ‘security’, which follows a logic of protection from threats to the survival of some referent object. However, the existing frameworks for security policy – ‘human security’ and ‘national security’ – have serious limitations for addressing anthropogenic existential threats; application of the ‘national security’ frame could even exacerbate existential threats to humanity. Thus, the existential security frame is developed as an alternative for security policy, which takes ‘humankind’ as its referent object against anthropogenic existential threats to human civilization and survival.
Diagnostic value of the combined use of radial probe endobronchial ultrasound and transbronchial biopsy in lung cancer
Authors: Lee Sang Chul , Kim Eun Young , Chang Joon , Lee Sang Hoon , Han* Chang Hoon 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundAlthough the use of radial endobronchial ultrasound (R‐EBUS) with a guide sheath has shown improved diagnostic capability in peripheral pulmonary lesions, its utility is still low due to variable performance. To overcome its limitation, we evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of R‐EBUS combined with transbronchial biopsy (TBB) under fluoroscopic guidance.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of 74 patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent R‐EBUS combined with TBB or TBB alone as a diagnostic technique. Subjects were grouped according to the diagnostic modality used (R‐EBUS combined with TBB vs. TBB alone). Each group was matched for age, sex, and location of the biopsy. The chi‐square test and paired t‐test were used to compare characteristics and identify factors that affected the diagnostic yield.ResultsThe mean age of the study cohort was 67.4 ± 12.8 years, with 21 (56.8%) men and 16 (43.2%) women in each group. The lesion size was significantly smaller in the R‐EBUS group (23.6 vs. 33.9, P < 0.001). The diagnostic yield with the combined use of R‐EBUS and TBB (27/37, 72.9%) was significantly higher than that with standard TBB alone (22/37, 59.4%). Lung lesions with a positive bronchus sign were associated with a higher diagnostic yield (odds ratio = 3.52 [1.17–10.62]; P = 0.025).ConclusionsThe combination of R‐EBUS with TBB resulted in a higher diagnostic yield than either technique alone. Thus, the addition of R‐EBUS biopsy would be helpful to improve the diagnostic yield of TBB.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyThe combination of R‐EBUS with TBB under fluoroscopic guidance improved the diagnostic yield of PPLs compared to TBB alone. A tissue diagnosis was more likely in pulmonary lesions with the air‐bronchus sign.What this study addsThe use of R‐EBUS could help improve the low diagnostic yield of TBB under fluoroscopic guidance without increasing the incidence of complications.
AMMonitor: Remote monitoring of biodiversity in an adaptive framework with r
Authors: Balantic Cathleen , Donovan Therese 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Ecological research and management programs are increasingly using autonomous monitoring units (AMUs) to collect large volumes of acoustic and/or photo data to address pressing management objectives or research goals. The data management requirements of an AMU‐based monitoring effort are often overwhelming, with a considerable amount of processing to translate raw data into models and analyses that have research and management utility.

We created the r package AMMonitor to simplify the process of moving from remotely collected data to analysis and results, using a comprehensive SQLite database for data management that tracks all components of a remote monitoring program. This framework enables the tracking of analyses and research/management objectives through time.

We illustrate the AMMonitor approach with the example of evaluating an occurrence‐based management objective for a target species. First, we provide an overview of the database and data management approach. Next, we illustrate a few available workflows: temporally adaptive sampling, automated detection of species sounds from acoustic recordings and aggregation of automated detections into an encounter history for use in an occupancy analysis, the outcome of which can be analysed with respect to the motivating management objective.

Without a comprehensive framework for efficiently moving from raw remote monitoring data collection to results and analysis, monitoring programs are limited in their capacity to systematically characterize ecological processes and inform management decisions through time. AMMonitor provides an option for such a framework. Code, comprehensive documentation and step‐by‐step examples are available online at https://code.usgs.gov/vtcfwru/AMMonitor
Shorter life and reduced fecundity can increase colony fitness in virtual Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Galimov Evgeniy R. , Gems David 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, loss of function of many genes leads to increases in lifespan, sometimes of a very large magnitude. Could this reflect the occurrence of programmed death that, like apoptosis of cells, promotes fitness? The notion that programmed death evolves as a mechanism to remove worn out, old individuals in order to increase food availability for kin is not supported by classic evolutionary theory for most species. However, it may apply in organisms with colonies of closely related individuals such as C. elegans in which largely clonal populations subsist on spatially limited food patches. Here, we ask whether food competition between nonreproductive adults and their clonal progeny could favor programmed death by using an in silico model of C. elegans. Colony fitness was estimated as yield of dauer larva propagules from a limited food patch. Simulations showed that not only shorter lifespan but also shorter reproductive span and reduced adult feeding rate can increase colony fitness, potentially by reducing futile food consumption. Early adult death was particularly beneficial when adult food consumption rate was high. These results imply that programmed, adaptive death could promote colony fitness in C. elegans through a consumer sacrifice mechanism. Thus, C. elegans lifespan may be limited not by aging in the usual sense but rather by apoptosis‐like programmed death.
Combining camera‐trap surveys and hunter interviews to determine the status of mammals in protected rainforests and rubber plantations of Menglun, Xishuangbanna, SW China
Authors: Huang G. , Sreekar R. , Velho N. , Corlett R. T. , Quan R.‐C. , Tomlinson K. W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHunting and deforestation are the two biggest threats to vertebrates in Southeast Asia. In the last 50 years, monoculture rubber plantations replaced large areas of tropical rainforests in Xishuangbanna, southwest China. We set up camera traps at 109 stations (57 in forest reserves and 52 in rubber plantations) to determine the distribution of mammal species in Menglun, Xishuangbanna. We also interviewed 37 experienced hunters (mean age: 54) in the study area to understand their perceptions of species abundance trends. We used hierarchical multispecies occupancy modelling to determine the effect of distance to village, distance to forest edge and elevation on mammal occupancy after accounting for imperfect detection. We used non‐parametric tests for the rank data to evaluate perceived species trends. Using a combination of historical literature (1954–1985), hunter interviews, direct observations and camera‐trap surveys, we only recorded 56% (15 out of 27) of the medium‐to‐large sized (>1 kg) mammal species known previously from the study region. Interviews suggested that current population densities of all extant mammal species are below historical levels. Our camera traps captured 11 mammal species in the forest reserve and only two species in rubber plantations. Low capture rates (10 captures) in rubber mean we could only determine mammal occupancy in forests. Environmental variables did not affect community level mammal occupancy in forests, but common muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) and the northern pig‐tailed macaque (Macaca leonina) avoided forest edges. At the time of the survey, hunting was still prevalent in the region. Therefore, conservation interventions that end both hunting and deforestation are urgently needed to stabilize and increase mammal populations in the region.
Comparative study of the distribution of NOS‐positive neurons in pigeon intestine
Authors: Sun Haiji , Gao Wenting , Li Huimin , Ma Xiaoli 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in regulating gut motility, mucosal barrier function and secretions in the enteric nervous system. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH‐d) staining has been used to identify nitrergic neurons of the enteric nervous system in different species. However, NADPH‐d staining lacks specificity because it also reflects the presence of enzymes other than nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Therefore, NOS immunohistochemistry techniques are needed to test for nitrergic neurons in the avian gut. In the present work, the morphology, density and size of NOS‐positive neurons in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and rectum myenteric plexus of adult pigeons were investigated using NOS immunohistochemistry and whole‐mount preparations techniques. The density of NOS‐positive ganglion was highest in the ileum, similar to the caecum and rectum, and the lowest staining levels were observed in the duodenum. The staining intensity of NOS‐positive neurons in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was dark, followed by the rectal regions, with weak staining in the caecum. These results suggested that NOS immunohistochemistry and whole‐mount preparation techniques provide an effective assessment method of the ganglia in the pigeon intestinal myenteric nerve plexus and are more accurate for cell counting compared with conventional sections.
The prognostic value of the prognostic nutritional index in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Ucar Gokhan , Ergun Yakup , Acikgoz Yusuf , Uncu Dogan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe prognostic nutritional index (PNI) has been shown to be prognostic value for many types of cancer of the gastrointestinal system. However, there are limited data on its value for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of PNI in newly diagnosed mCRC patients.MethodsThe data of 468 patients who had been admitted to our center upon being diagnosed with mCRC between January 2010 and December 2017 were reviewed retrospectively, whereby satisfying the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used for PNI's optimum cut‐off value for overall survival (OS). The Cox regression model was used in the single‐variable analysis in order to test whether or not variables with prognostic properties were independent prognostic factors.FindingsA total of 308 patients were included in the study. Sixty‐two percent (n = 192) of the patients were males, and the median age was 57.5 years (range: 25‐83). Forty‐five percent (n = 137) of the patients had KRAS mutation. Tumors localized in the colon accounted for 63% (n = 193) of the patients. The liver was the most common region of metastasis at 69%. According to the ROC curve, the optimal cut‐off value for PNI was 46 (sensitivity 74%, specificity 47%, AUC 0.615, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54‐0.68,P = .002). One hundred and eighty‐two patients (59%) fell into the PNI‐High (> 46) group, while 126 patients (41%) fell into the PNI‐Low (≤ 46) group. The rectum localization was higher, whereas the neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet‐lymphocyte ratio were lower in the PNI‐High group. There was no difference in terms of other patient characteristics. The median OS was significantly longer in the PNI‐High group compared to the PNI‐Low group (28.4 vs 19.1 months,P < .001). The Cox regression analysis showed that a high PNI was an independent positive prognostic factor (hazard ratio: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42‐0.87,P = .007).DiscussionWe found PNI to be an independent prognostic factor in mCRC. We think that PNI, which can be calculated by a simple formula, may provide clinicians important clues in order to make desicion for individual treatment.