bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of wetlands in mitigating the trade‐off between crop production and water quality in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Matsuzaki Shin‐ichiro S. , Kohzu Ayato , Kadoya Taku , Watanabe Mirai , Osawa Takeshi , Fukaya Keiichi , Komatsu Kazuhiro , Kondo Natsuko , Yamaguchi Haruyo , Ando Haruko , Shimotori Koichi , Nakagawa Megumi , Kizuka Toshikazu , Yoshioka Akira , Sasai Takahiro , Saigusa Nobuko , Matsushita Bunkei , Takamura Noriko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAgriculture faces the great challenge of developing strategies to maintain production while simultaneously reducing environmental impacts. The trade‐off between crop production and water quality services is one of the most serious issues facing agriculture, and interest in achieving win–win outcomes through management of ecosystem services is growing. Although wetlands can reduce nitrogen loads, it is unclear whether maintaining and restoring wetlands can ameliorate the trade‐off between crop production and water quality and thereby increase the likelihood of win–win outcomes. We defined the orthogonal residuals from the regression line relating the trade‐offs between two conflicting services as the degree to which the trade‐off was mitigated (mitigation effectiveness score). The more positive the residual, the higher mitigation effectiveness score, and the greater the potential to mitigate the trade‐off. We measured nitrate concentrations, as an indicator of water quality, five times during summer and winter across 49 sub‐watersheds of the watershed of Lake Kasumigaura, which is highly nitrogen‐loaded by agriculture. We quantified the mitigation effectiveness score from the trade‐off relationships between cropland area and nitrate concentrations, and we also identified landscape and environmental factors that affected these scores. Some sub‐watersheds in our study had high cropland cover but low nitrate concentrations. Overall, we found that mitigation effectiveness scores were positively associated with wetland cover at all sampling times. Other factors, including covers of paddy rice fields, abandoned rice fields, and impervious surfaces, and dissolved organic carbon concentrations, had no significant effects on mitigation effectiveness scores, although these factors were considered to increase nitrogen removal. Our findings suggest that maintaining and restoring wetlands might mitigate the trade‐off between crop production and water quality and thereby enhance the likelihood of win–win outcomes in agricultural landscapes. Because wetland area has decreased, flooding or ponding abandoned rice fields may be an important alternative management option. The nitrate concentrations we observed met the water quality standard for drinking water, but the fact that they sometimes exceeded the nitrogen environmental target adopted within Lake Kasumigaura in terms of eutrophication suggests that simultaneous reduction of croplands and fertilizer inputs should still be encouraged.
Landbird trends in protected areas using time‐to‐event occupancy models
Authors: Whittington Jesse , Shepherd Brenda , Forshner Anne , St‐Amand Julien , Greenwood Jennifer L. , Gillies Cameron S. , Johnston Barb , Owchar Rhonda , Petersen Derek , Rogala James Kimo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGlobal populations of wildlife are affected by human activity, land cover change, and climate change. Long‐term monitoring programs across large spatial scales are required to understand how these and other factors affect wildlife populations. Occupancy models are frequently used to monitor changes in species distribution while accounting for imperfect detection. Occupancy surveys can be expensive because they typically require multiple surveys to estimate the probability of detection. Time‐to‐detection models provide a promising approach for estimating occupancy because they require just one visit; however, few studies have tested or applied these models to wildlife data. We ran a simulation study to assess biases of time‐to‐event occupancy models for standardized avian point‐count surveys and then applied the models to 10 yr of data. Time to first detection occupancy models had minimal bias and almost nominal coverage for species with a mean time to first detection <8 min on surveys with 10 min of sampling. Biases and root mean squared error increased with increasing time to first detection. We applied a single species, multi‐year occupancy model to 34,665 detections of 77 landbird species collected across 500 km of latitude in five protected areas along the Rocky Mountains. Models from 64 species converged and had mean times to first detection <8 min. Average time to first detections was 3.2 min, which reflected a cumulative probability of detection of 0.96. Occupancy rates increased, decreased, and remained unchanged for 53%, 9%, and 38% of species, respectively. Overall, occupancy rates increased in 2015 and 2016 for short‐ and long‐distance migrants and decreased slightly for winter residents. Average decadal temperature and precipitation were important predictors for almost half of the species, while annual changes in spring temperature and precipitation affected 23% of species. Our studies demonstrate that time to first event occupancy models provide an efficient method for monitoring changes in distribution so long as encounter rates are much shorter than the survey duration. Our stable to increasing trends and strong responses to spring temperature and precipitation highlight the value of long‐term monitoring for understanding how changing climatic conditions affect wildlife.
Glycogen synthetase kinase 3 inhibition drives MIC‐A/B to promote cytokine production by human natural killer cells in Dengue virus type 2 infection
Authors: Petitdemange Caroline , Maucourant Christopher , Tarantino Nadine , Rey Juliana , Vieillard Vincent 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDengue virus (DENV) is the most widespread arbovirus worldwide and is responsible for major outbreaks. The host's immune response plays a crucial role in controlling this infection but might also contribute to the promotion of viral spread and immunopathology. In response to DENV infection, NK cells preferentially produce cytokines and are cytotoxic in the presence of specific antibodies. Here, we identified that DENV‐2 inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK‐3) activity to subsequently induce MHC class‐1‐related chain (MIC) A and MIC‐B expression and IL‐12 production in monocyte‐derived DCs, independently of the STAT‐3 pathway. The inhibition of GSK‐3 by DENV‐2 or small molecules induced MIC‐A/B expression on monocyte‐derived DCs, resulting in autologous NK cells of a specific increase in IFN‐γ and TNF‐α production, in the absence of direct cytotoxicity. Together, these findings identified GSK‐3 as a regulator of MIC‐A/B expression and suggested its role in DENV‐2 infection to specifically induce cytokine production by NK cells.
A 1900‐year record of mercury (Hg) from the east continental shelf of Hainan Island, South China Sea
Authors: Ji Chao , Xu Liqiang , Zhang Yihui , Guo Min , Kong Deming 
Published: November 2019

Natural archives are ideal tools for studying sedimentation history of mercury (Hg). However, record of Hg in marine sediments on millennial scales is less documented. This study analyzes a sedimentary core collected from the East Continental Shelf of Hainan Island, South China Sea. From 210Pb and radiocarbon (14C) chronological and geochemical analyses, a sequential record of Hg over the past 1900 years was reconstructed. Integrated analyses of Loss on Ignition (LOI), mean grain size, terrestrial elements aluminium (Al), rare earth element (∑REE) and Hg, allowed us to infer that Hg in the sediments received impacts from atmospheric deposition. Both concentrations and anthropogenic fluxes of Hg exhibit evident changes over the past 1900 years. Specifically, anthropogenic Hg flux in the last ~150 years is substantially high (mean 23.7 μg/m2/yr), which is approximately 11 times greater (in terms of enrichment factor) relative to background. Generally, Hg concentrations in the bulk sediments before 1850 AD can be explained by natural processes, whereas, by contrast, the rapid increase in flux of Hg since the mid‐19th century is related to deposition associated with anthropogenic release. The anthropogenic Hg flux shows a decrease by ~30 μg/m2/yr since 1980s, consistent with the decline in global Hg production. Nevertheless, the anthropogenic Hg flux in the present day remains 6.5 times higher than the baseline (pre‐1850 era).
Density effects on solute release from streambeds
Authors: Jin Guangqiu , Yang Wenhai , Xu Huiyu , Zhang Zhongtian , Yuan Saiyu , Tang Hongwu , Li Ling , Barry David Andrew 
Published: November 2019

AbstractContaminants that entered the streambed during previous surface water pollution events can be released to the stream, causing secondary pollution of the stream and impacting its eco‐environmental condition. By means of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, we investigated density effects on the release of solute from periodic bedforms. The results show that solute release from the upper streambed is driven by bedform‐induced convection, and that density effects generally inhibit the solute release from the lower streambed. Density gradients modify the pore water flow patterns and form circulating flows in the area of lower streambed. The formation of circulating flows is affected by density gradients associated with the solute concentration and horizontal pressure gradients induced by stream slope. The circulating flows near the bottom of the streambed enhance mixing of the hyporheic zone and the ambient flow zone.
(CaO‐Y2O3)@LiFe5O8 magnetic catalyst by doping yttrium for improving stability: Optimized by response surface methodology for biodiesel production
Authors: Chen Xuan , Yue Chengguang , Zhang Pingbo , Fan Mingming , Jiang Pingping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work, CaO@LiFe5O8 and (CaO‐Y2O3)@LiFe5O8 solid base catalysts were synthesized using LiFe5O8 as the magnetic core to support the active centers. The as‐prepared catalysts and commercial CaO were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscope, and CO2‐temperature‐programmed desorption techniques. The results indicated that CaO@LiFe5O8 and (CaO‐Y2O3)@LiFe5O8 solid base catalysts, which could be recycled under the external magnetic field because of their strong magnetism, exhibited better dispersibility and higher total number of basic sites compared with commercial CaO. Additional water and oleic acid were added to the reaction system of palm oil with methanol, and the catalyst was exposed to air to detect its stability in the reaction process. The experiments showed that the (CaO‐Y2O3)@LiFe5O8 solid base catalyst performed better and possessed not only good water resistance ability but also preferable tolerance to air exposure. In addition, response surface methodology based on the Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the process parameters for the synthesis of biodiesel from palm oil and methanol in the presence of (CaO‐Y2O3)@LiFe5O8. The optimum process conditions were determined as follows: reaction temperature was 64.96°C, reaction time 4.36 hr, methanol: oil 13, catalyst amount 3.73%, and the highest biodiesel yield reached 96.21%.
Implementation and feasibility considerations of an avatar‐based intervention for military family caregivers
Authors: Wilcox Sherrie L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveMilitary family caregivers (MFCGs) are a growing population with well‐being and quality of life (QOL) challenges. New technologies can help meet their needs while minimizing disruption to caregiving responsibilities. Preliminary research needs to address intervention implementation challenges before larger‐scale efficacy studies are conducted. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of implementing an avatar‐based intervention and preliminarily investigate outcomes.MethodsOne‐hundred twenty‐four MFCGs were recruited to participate in this feasibility study. Sixty‐four MFCGs completed the intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated‐measures analysis of variance to assess 3‐ and 6‐month differences.ResultsMeeting the a priori goal of 50 MFCGs completing the program supported feasibility. Preliminary results indicated significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms, and significant improvements in physical health and overall QOL.ConclusionsFindings support for the feasibility of implementing an avatar‐based intervention for MFCGs and present promising findings related to improving caregiver well‐being and overall QOL.
Physiological and behavioral effects of interpersonal validation: A multilevel approach to examining a core intervention strategy among self‐injuring adolescents and their mothers
Authors: Kaufman Erin A. , Puzia Megan E. , Godfrey Donald A. , Crowell Sheila E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe current study examined how teaching an interpersonal validation‐oriented skill from dialectical behavior therapy affects behavioral and biological indices of self‐inflicted injury (SII) risk among self‐injuring adolescents and their mothers (n = 30 dyads), and typical control mother–daughter dyads (n = 30).MethodBehavioral indicators of family functioning (e.g., cohesion, coercion, and invalidation) and a physiological index of emotion dysregulation (respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) were examined across two conflict tasks (pre‐ and postskills training).ResultsDyads’ subjective affect and observed behavior generally improved when practicing validation. Findings indicate mother‐, daughter‐, and dyad‐level behavior accounted for significant variance in RSA reactivity.ConclusionsResults demonstrate that teaching a single skill on one occasion can have detectable effects on biosocial functioning, with important implications for the etiology and treatment of SII.
How to Prescribe Drugs With an Identified Proarrhythmic Liability
Authors: Thind Munveer , Rodriguez Ignacio , Kosari Sam , Turner J. Rick 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis is an article in the Journal of Clinical Pharmacology's Core Entrustable Professional Activities in Clinical Pharmacology series that discusses drug‐induced proarrhythmia and is offered as a teaching aid for medical students and residents. Drugs from diverse pharmacological classes can lead to multiple types of arrhythmias including the polymorphic ventricular tachycardia torsades de pointes (TdP). Although typically occurring in self‐limiting bursts with or without associated symptoms, which can range from mild lightheadedness and palpitations to syncope and seizures, TdP can also occasionally progress to ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. To provide patients with the optimal therapeutic benefits of potentially proarrhythmic drugs, prescribers are responsible for obtaining a good understanding of the compound's benefit‐risk properties and perform a judicious assessment of the patient's clinical characteristics and individual risk factors. Dose adjustments and/or additional monitoring of electrocardiograms and electrolyte balances may be appropriate in some cases. This article explains the pharmacological mechanism of action of drug‐induced proarrhythmia associated with compounds that prolong the repolarization period, illustrates how this liability is conveyed in a drug's prescribing information (label), details the clinical characteristics of patients most susceptible to this type of proarrhythmia, and describes interventions that can be made if TdP occurs. Three clinical vignettes are provided at the end of the article to highlight the relevance of the preceding discussions.
Preparation of magnetic mesoporous composites from glycerol and iron(III) salt
Authors: Medeiros Miguel A , Ardisson José D , Lago Rochel M 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDA process was developed to produce mesoporous composites with magnetic cores involving the following sequential reactions: glycerol polymerization/iron(III) reduction/polyglycerol pyrolysis/activated carbon production.RESULTSGlycerol containing 1, 3, 5, or 8 mol% iron(III) was heat treated to 380, 600, or 800 °C. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption results showed that the iron(III) salt promoted polymerization of glycerol up to 380 °C. At higher temperatures, up to 800 °C, three different processes simultaneously occurred: pyrolysis of polyglycerol, reduction of iron(III) ion (Fe3+) to Fe0and Fe3C, and activation of the carbonaceous matrix, yielding a composite with a BET surface area of 136 m2g−1. Moreover, to verify a possible environmental application of the prepared composites and their ability to remain suspended in aqueous solution, they were tested as adsorbents of organic contaminants such as methylene blue and indigo carmine. The test results were satisfactory: 10 mg of the prepared composite (GFe3‐800) adsorbed up to 80% of the dye [10 mL of solution (50 ppm)] within 30 min of contact, and the composite could be removed from the system by simple magnetic attraction.CONCLUSIONSMagnetic composites exhibited good dye adsorption, in addition, good resistance to acid leaching. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The impact of grapevine red blotch disease on Vitis vinifera L. Chardonnay grape and wine composition and sensory attributes over three seasons
Authors: Cauduro Girardello Raul , Rich Vanessa , Smith Rhonda J , Brenneman Charles , Heymann Hildegarde , Oberholster Anita 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is a recently discovered DNA virus, which was demonstrated to be responsible for grapevine red blotch disease (GRBD). Its presence has been confirmed in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and South Korea in white and red Vitis vinifera cultivars, including Chardonnay. It has been shown that the three‐cornered alfalfa treehopper (Spissistilus festinus) was able to both acquire the GRBV from a grapevine infected and transmit it to healthy grapevines in glasshouse conditions. Studies found that GRBD impacts fruit price, grapevine physiology, and grape berry composition and metabolism in red cultivars. This study evaluated the impact of GRBD on V. vinifera L. Chardonnay grape and wine composition and sensory properties from one vineyard during the 2014, 2015 and 2016 seasons.RESULTSGrapes from symptomatic red blotch diseased grapevines were lower in total soluble solids, flavan‐3‐ol, and total phenolic content, and higher in flavonol content when compared to grapes from healthy grapevines. Wines made with grapes from symptomatic grapevines resulted mostly in lower ethanol content and higher pH when compared to wines made from healthy grapevines. Analysis of volatile compounds and descriptive analysis demonstrated that GRBD can impact wine style by altering aroma, flavor, and mouthfeel attributes.CONCLUSIONSThe impacts of GRBD on grape composition directly influenced wine chemistry. The decreased ethanol content impacted not only the levels of volatile compounds but the sensory perception during descriptive analysis. The extent of GRBD impact on the grape composition and wine composition and sensory attributes varied between seasons. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Glomalin‐related soil protein distributions in the wetlands of the Liaohe Delta, Northeast China: Implications for carbon sequestration and mineral weathering of coastal wetlands
Authors: Pei Lixin , Ye Siyuan , Yuan Hongming , Pei Shaofeng , Xie Shucheng , Wang Jin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is presumably to be associated with carbon sequestration and nutrient acquisition through mineral weathering in wetland ecosystems. However, information on AMF‐carbon‐weathering interactions is limited. Grain size, concentrations of nutrients, and the major components of 304 surface sediment samples and glomalin‐related soil protein (GRSP) in 133 surface sediment samples were analyzed in various environments, including the upper delta plain wetlands (UDPW) and its adjacent shallow sea wetlands (SSW), to evaluate the relationship among the GRSP, carbon content, nutrients, and chemical index of alteration (CIA) in the wetlands of the Liaohe Delta (LHD). The concentrations of GRSP in surface sediments ranged between ~ 0.11 and 11.31 mg g−1, with an average of 2.30 ± 0.17 mg g−1, and were significantly affected by the vegetation types. The ratios of organic carbon in GRSP (GRSP‐C) to soil organic carbon (SOC) varied from 0.71% to 25.34%, with an average of 10.34% ± 0.52%, indicating that the GRSP was an important carbon pool in sediments, and the carbon dynamics in these wetlands were closely related to human activities. Moreover, the CIA values ranged from ~ 18.97 to 68.75, and were significantly higher in the UDPW than in the SSW (p < 0.05), and were significantly correlated with the concentrations of GRSP (r2 = 0.22 [r = 0.43], p < 0.01). Meanwhile, both the CIA and GRSP were significantly correlated with SOC, Total Nitrogen, and Fe (r2 > 0.17 [r > 0.41], p < 0.01). The results indicate that AMF excursions in wetland ecosystems enhance carbon sequestration and mineral weathering, and in turn they alter retention of at least some nutrients.
Where does the river end? Drivers of spatiotemporal variability in CO2 concentration and flux in the inflow area of a large boreal lake
Authors: Chmiel Hannah E. , Hofmann Hilmar , Sobek Sebastian , Efremova Tatyana , Pasche Natacha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRiver inflow affects the spatiotemporal variability of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the water column of lakes and may locally influence CO2 gas exchange with the atmosphere. However, spatiotemporal CO2 variability at river inflow sites is often unknown leaving estimates of lake‐wide CO2 emission uncertain. Here, we investigated the CO2 concentration and flux variability along a river‐impacted bay and remote sampling locations of Lake Onego. During 3 years, we resolved spatial CO2 gradients between river inflow and central lake and recorded the temporal course of CO2 in the bay from the ice‐covered period to early summer. We found that the river had a major influence on the spatial CO2 variability during ice‐covered periods and contributed ~ 35% to the total amount of CO2 in the bay. The bay was a source of CO2 to the atmosphere at ice‐melt each year emitting 2–15 times the amount as an equally sized area in the central lake. However, there was large interannual variability in the spring CO2 emission from the bay related to differences in discharge and climate that affected the hydrodynamic development of the lake during spring. In early summer, the spatial CO2 variability was unrelated to the river signal but correlated negatively with dissolved oxygen concentrations instead indicating a stronger biological control on CO2. Our study reveals a large variability of CO2 and its drivers at river inflow sites at the seasonal and at the interannual time scale. Understanding these dynamics is essential for predicting lake‐wide CO2 fluxes more accurately under a warming climate.
Some new inequalities involving the Hardy operator
Authors: Nikolova Ludmila , Persson Lars‐Erik , Samko Natasha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper we derive some new inequalities involving the Hardy operator, using some estimates of the Jensen functional, continuous form generalization of the Bellman inequality and a Banach space variant of it. Some results are generalized to the case of Banach lattices on .