bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of range sensors for the robust autonomous navigation – a review
Authors: Singh Ravinder , Nagla Kuldeep Singh 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this research is to provide the necessarily and resourceful information regarding range sensors to select the best fit sensor for robust autonomous navigation. Autonomous navigation is an emerging segment in the field of mobile robot in which the mobile robot navigates in the environment with high level of autonomy by lacking human interactions. Sensor-based perception is a prevailing aspect in the autonomous navigation of mobile robot along with localization and path planning. Various range sensors are used to get the efficient perception of the environment, but selecting the best-fit sensor to solve the navigation problem is still a vital assignment.

Design/methodology/approach
Autonomous navigation relies on the sensory information of various sensors, and each sensor relies on various operational parameters/characteristic for the reliable functioning. A simple strategy shown in this proposed study to select the best-fit sensor based on various parameters such as environment, 2 D/3D navigation, accuracy, speed, environmental conditions, etc. for the reliable autonomous navigation of a mobile robot.

Findings
This paper provides a comparative analysis for the diverse range sensors used in mobile robotics with respect to various aspects such as accuracy, computational load, 2D/3D navigation, environmental conditions, etc. to opt the best-fit sensors for achieving robust navigation of autonomous mobile robot.

Originality/value
This paper provides a straightforward platform for the researchers to select the best range sensor for the diverse robotics application.
BDNF‐TrkB pathway mediates antidepressant‐like roles of H2S in diabetic rats via promoting hippocampal autophagy
Authors: Liu Hai‐Yao , Wei Hai‐Jun , Wu Lin , Liu Su‐Mei , Tang Yi‐Yun , Zou Wei , Wang Chun‐Yan , Zhang Ping , Tang Xiao‐Qing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays antidepressant‐like roles in diabetic rats. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Brain‐derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophic factor, plays important regulatory roles in depression by its high‐affinity tropomysin‐related kinase B (TrkB) receptor. Autophagy also is implicated in modulation of depression. Previous work confirmed the modulatory roles of H2S in BDNF protein expression and autophagy. Thus, in this study, we explored whether the BDNF‐TrkB pathway mediates the antidepressant‐like effects of H2S in diabetic rats and whether this process is achieved via promoting hippocampal autophagy. We demonstrated that H2S upregulated the expressions of BDNF and p‐TrkB proteins in the hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. K252a (an inhibitor of BDNF‐TrkB pathway) reversed the antidepressant‐like roles of H2S, as evidenced by the tail suspension, forced swimming, novelty suppressed feeding, and elevated plus‐maze tests. Furthermore, K252a abolished H2S‐promoted hippocampal autophagy in diabetic rats, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of autolysosome, downregulation of Beclin‐1 (a regulator of autophagy in the early stage of the formation of autophagosomal membranes and its level is positively correlated with autophagic activity) expression, and upregulation of P62 (a substrate of autophagic degradation and its level is inversely correlated with autophagic activity) expression, in the hippocampus of rats co‐treated with NaHS and STZ. Taken together, these data indicated that the BDNF‐TrkB pathway mediates the antidepressant‐like roles of H2S in diabetic rats by enhancing hippocampal autophagy.
The controversy around the concept of archetypes
Authors: Hogenson George B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe paper reviews the course of the controversy surrounding Jung's theory of archetypes beginning in the mid 1990s and continuing to the present. Much of this controversy was concerned with the debate between the essentialism of the evolutionary position of Anthony Stevens as found in his 1983 bookArchetypes: A Natural History of the Self, and the emergence model of the archetypes proposed in various publications by Hogenson, Knox and Merchant, among others. The paper then moves on to a consideration of more recent developments in theory, particularly as derived from an examination of the philosopher Gilles Deleuze, who introduces Bergson's somnambulistic unconscious into the discussion of Jung's theories. It is suggested that this largely unexamined influence on Jung may provide answers to some of the unanswered questions surrounding his theorizing. The paper concludes by suggesting that the notion of the somnambulistic unconscious may resemble Atmanspacher's argument for a dual‐aspect monism interpretation of Jung.
Comments on the 2018 IAAP Conference on Archetype Theory: defending a non‐reductive biological approach
Authors: Goodwyn Erik 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDuring the course of the 2018 IAAP conference, a criticism of Jung’s idea of the archetype as inherited predisposition was raised that involved examining a number of dreams and visions and assessing them through developments in genetics and neuroscience. From this comparison it was argued that archetypes cannot be inherited and could more reasonably be argued to derive from early experiences. In this essay, the author responds by showing how this conclusion is flawed due to being based on reductive errors. An alternative, non‐reductive but inherited and biological position on the archetype is defended.
A dynamic systems approach to the feeling toned complex
Authors: Krieger Nancy M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA review of Jung’s writing on the ‘feeling‐toned complex’ shows that he considered it to comprise independent, split‐off, psychic elements. Modern advances in scientific thinking and technology, namely Dynamic Systems Theory and neuro‐imaging, allow us to better define and explore this psychic phenomenon. Considering the constellation of the complex as a hierarchy of dynamic systems allows for a prediction of the timing of brain activity. This has been confirmed by two independent studies using fMRI and QEEG while administering the Word Association Experiment, the tool Jung used to investigate brain/psychic functioning over a century ago. Using as a framework the stages of the constellation of a complex viewed as a hierarchy of dynamic systems, I review the neuro‐imaging studies reported by Petchkovsky et al. (2013, 2017) and Escamilla et al. (2018), concluding that quantitative theoretical predictions and experimental results are in agreement within an order of magnitude. The change in attention caused by the constellation of the complex can also be conceived as the switching from a default neuro‐network, a startle response activating executive functioning in the frontal cortex of either the ego‐complex or an autonomous complex.
Basic needs and complexes: similarities between feeling‐toned complexes, emotional schema and affective states
Authors: Meier Isabelle 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine feeling‐toned complexes from a developmental psychological perspective. From this perspective feeling‐toned complexes emerge when basic needs are not met. A very similar theory is put forward by Jeffery Young in his Schema Therapy (Young, Klosko, & Weishaar 2005). His basic needs concept, developed on the basis of empirical research, covers four basic needs which are: attachment, autonomy, and self‐worth, as well as play and spontaneity. My proposition is to deal with this conceptual view from a Jungian perspective insofar as we can integrate the four basic needs, however adding a fifth: the basic need for meaning in the theory of feeling‐toned complexes. Emotional schemas and feeling‐toned complexes are then comparable patterns. The strengths and weaknesses of Analytic Psychology compared to Jeffrey Young's schema therapy are further discussed. The foundation of the feeling‐toned complexes on unmet basic needs lends itself to including a further reference, namely Jaak Panksepp’s neuroscientific findings. Panksepp formulates seven basic affective systems which I discuss first, then I focus on what could be gained from the basic needs concept and finally I turn to the feeling‐complex in an attempt to integrate neuroscientific findings into complex theory.
Ambiguity and contradiction: the outlines of Jung’s dialectics
Authors: Pylkkö Pauli 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis essay explores Jung’s thinking strategies, argumentation patterns, and concept formation processes, and reveals how they distinguish his work from normal present‐day science. Jung doesn’t much appreciate the law of noncontradiction, which is a cornerstone of classical logic, and he doesn’t refrain from using openly ambiguous theoretical terms. It will be pointed out that not only specific archetypes, but the notion of archetype itself, as well as other of Jung’s theoretical notions (energy, including libidinal energy, polarity, integration, wholeness, instinct, symbol, and so on), are consciously ambiguous and thus potentially contradictory. It is shown that this kind of dialectic research strategy and related contradiction‐tolerant and ambiguity‐tolerant methods connect his work to Post‐Kantian German Idealism, Schelling’s and Schopenhauer’s philosophy in particular. However, it was Hegel who, in his Science of Logic, presented a systematic overview of such dialectic principles of reasoning, which were, in the 19th century, widely applied by German philosophers, theologians, and other scholars. Unfortunately, Jung decided not to study Hegel, but, instead, wrote derogatorily of his work. It will be argued that a Jungian who wants to be conscious of her own argumentation strategies and methods of concept formation should study Hegel’s complex and sophisticated dialectical logic. In addition, it is suggested that Jungian depth psychology might help us to amend the phenomenological deficits of Hegel’s system by providing it with a primal experiential source. This is needed because Hegel’s Geist, due to its intellectual emphasis, is a self‐conscious conceptual totality which advances progressively from stage to stage by guiding itself with the help of dialectical reason (Vernunft). It will be shown that if enriched with a proper kind of experiential givenness, which includes the Jungian unconsciousness (with libidinal energy, instincts, and archetypes), Hegelian metaphysics would be able to embrace a seriously aconceptual or preconceptual dimension. Aconceptual experience, which is, for Jung, mainly the instinctual layer of archetypes, remains essentially inaccessible, not only for normal scientific concepts, but for the concepts of any form of dialectics as well.
How Can I Manage Thrombocytopenia in Hemodialysis Patient? A Review
Authors: Guo Qiaoyan , Lou Yan , Liu Lihua , Luo Ping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHemodialysis (HD) is the most important treatment for patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Thrombocytopenia is a potential treatment complication related to dialysis. Under normal circumstances, the platelet count would slightly decrease within the first hour of HD, but get restored towards the end of procedure. In most patients, the platelet count can be maintained within the normal range, and the occurrence of thrombocytopenia is relatively rare in clinical practice. Therefore, the possibility of thrombocytopenia in HD patients is often ignored. Moreover, thrombocytopenia might be misdiagnosed and mistreated. At present, almost all articles on the subject, apart from some case reports, focus on pseudothrombocytopenia and heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia. In this review, we summarized various underlying causes, mechanisms, and diagnostic approaches to thrombocytopenia in HD patients. The review aims to provide a guide for clinicians interested in the causes and adequate treatment of thrombocytopenia.
Comparative advantage and agricultural trade
Authors: Donaldson Dave 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article is based on a transcript of the Leonard K. Elmhirst Memorial Address, delivered at the 30th International Conference of Agricultural Economists in Vancouver, Canada, on July 29, 2018. The presentation provided an overview of work that I have done recently on comparative advantage and its role in agricultural trade patterns and trade‐driven changes in welfare. Two topics are addressed: (a) the static gains from intranational agricultural trade due to comparative advantage; and (b) how trade might mitigate consumption losses and food insecurity from changes in agricultural productivity caused by drought and climate change.
Can improved agricultural technologies spur a green revolution in Africa? A multicountry analysis of seed and fertilizer delivery systems
Authors: Ariga Joshua , Mabaya Edward , Waithaka Michael , Wanzala‐Mlobela Maria 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSub‐Saharan Africa faces low agricultural productivity amid a confluence of trends that include rapid population growth, climate change, and the rise of the middle class. To raise productivity, governments—in partnership with donors and development organizations—have launched numerous initiatives to encourage the development of sustainable and competitive agricultural input markets. Despite these efforts, markets remain underdeveloped in most countries and access to affordable seeds and fertilizers remains a major challenge for smallholder farmers. This paper explores evidence from recent multicountry analyses of input delivery systems to assess the possibility of a Green Revolution in Africa. It describes use and adoption levels, challenges, policy and regulatory issues, and investments needed to expand smallholder access to these productivity‐enhancing agricultural technologies.
Inflammatory bowel disease: estimates from the global burden of disease 2017 study
Authors: Piovani Daniele , Danese Silvio , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Bonovas Stefanos 
Published: October 2019

SummaryBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a significant health problem in the industrialised world, currently increasing in developing countries. Understanding the global burden of IBD is important to tackle increasing disease occurrence.AimTo investigate the GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2017 Study Database summarising and critically evaluating the global burden of IBDMethodsWe presented age‐standardised prevalence estimates, disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) and its components: years lived with disability (YLDs) and years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality. We reported these measures from 1990 to 2017 and stratified by region, socio‐demographic index (SDI), gender and age group.ResultsThe latest IBD prevalence and burden estimates varied widely across regions, and were particularly elevated in high‐SDI countries. Despite an increasing prevalence from 1990 to 2017 (+6%), the IBD burden decreased (DALYs −12%). This decrease was driven by IBD‐associated premature mortality (YLLs −26%). This measure represented a high share of disease burden in low‐SDI countries (86% of DALYs), whereas disability constituted the predominant component in high‐SDI countries (71%) in 2017. Disease burden decreased particularly in children (DALYs −39% and YLLs −52%). In the last 10 years, however, prevalence plateaued in middle‐ to high‐SDI countries and steeply increased in low‐SDI countries.ConclusionsThese findings highlight significant improvements in IBD care in the last three decades, particularly in children. The global burden of IBD and premature mortality have progressively decreased. The increase in disease frequency observed in developing countries is worrying, especially considering the high associated premature mortality in these areas.
Genetic insight into cytochrome P450 in Chinese from the Chinese Millionome Database
Authors: Qi Guangzhao , Han Chao , Sun Ya , Zhou Yubing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGenetic variations of cytochrome P450 (CYP) influence the inter‐individual differences in drug response. Here, we collected 8682 variants of 57 CYP genes and cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) from a large‐scale sequencing project in Chinese, Chinese Millionome Database (CMDB). In addition, 52 294 variants from the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) had been simultaneously identified and analysed. Rare variants with a variant allele frequency (VAF) < 0.01 comprised 41.4% (3594/8682) of identified variations in the CMDB, while 98.1% (51 320/52 294) in the gnomAD were rare. Out of 8682 variants in the CMDB, 66.9% (5808/8682) were in introns and only 4.3% (377/8682) were missense variants. In contrast, 36.2% (18 929/52 294) variants in the gnomAD were missense. The common alleles with a VAF over 0.1 were found in CYP1A2*1C, CYP1A2*1F, CYP2C19*2, CYP2D6*2, CYP2D6*10, CYP3A5*3 and CYP4F2*3, with a VAF of 0.161, 0.6, 0.27, 0.274, 0.678, 0.92 and 0.233, respectively. The growing number of genetic variations in CYP genes as more genomes are sequenced would increase the power to predict drug metabolism and response based on the genotype of the particular individual.
Weakening and eastward shift of the tropical Pacific Walker circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Tian Zhiping , Jiang Dabang 
Published: October 2019

The annual and seasonal changes in the tropical Pacific Walker circulation (PWC) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are investigated using all available numerical experiments from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phases 2 and 3. Compared to the preindustrial period, the annual mean of the PWC intensity weakened by an average of 0.96×1014 kg2 m−2 s−1 or 15%, and both the western edge and centre of the PWC cell shifted eastward by an average of 9° and 8°, respectively, as obtained from the ensemble mean of the 16 models used for analysis during the LGM. Those changes were closely linked with an overall weakening of the equatorial Indo‐Pacific east–west sea‐level pressure difference and low‐level trade winds over the equatorial west/central Pacific. On the seasonal scale, the LGM PWC generally weakened and shifted eastward throughout the seasons of year. In response to the LGM's large ice sheets and lower atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, large‐scale uneven surface cooling in the Northern Hemisphere led to an increased (a decreased) land–sea thermal contrast in boreal cold (warm) seasons. These induced decreases in the North Asian and African monsoon rainfall and hence suppressed a large‐scale thermally direct east–west circulation in the two seasons. As a result, the LGM PWC weakened and shifted eastward in both boreal cold and warm seasons, which jointly contributed to the weakening and eastward shift of the annual mean PWC.
Nutraceuticals as modulators of gut microbiota: Role in therapy
Authors: Quigley Eamonn M.M. 
Published: October 2019

As our knowledge of the various roles of the gut microbiota in the maintenance of homeostasis grows and as we learn how a disrupted microbiota may contribute to disease, therapeutic strategies that target our microbial fellow‐travellers become ever more attractive. Most appealing are those interventions that seek to modify or supplement our diet through the addition of nutraceuticals. We now know that our diet, whether in the short or long term, is a major modifier of microbiota composition and function. Of the various nutraceuticals, two categories, prebiotics and probiotics, have received the greatest attention in basic research and product development. While our understanding of the impacts of prebiotics and probiotics on the indigenous microbiota and host biology have been described in great detail in vitro and in animal models, the clinical literature leaves much to be desired. While many claims have been made, few are supported by high quality clinical trials.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc
Fungal evolution: diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of the Fungi
Authors: Naranjo‐Ortiz Miguel A. , Gabaldón Toni 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe fungal kingdom comprises a hyperdiverse clade of heterotrophic eukaryotes characterized by the presence of a chitinous cell wall, the loss of phagotrophic capabilities and cell organizations that range from completely unicellular monopolar organisms to highly complex syncitial filaments that may form macroscopic structures. Fungi emerged as a ‘Third Kingdom’, embracing organisms that were outside the classical dichotomy of animals versus vegetals. The taxonomy of this group has a turbulent history that is only now starting to be settled with the advent of genomics and phylogenomics. We here review the current status of the phylogeny and taxonomy of fungi, providing an overview of the main defined groups. Based on current knowledge, nine phylum‐level clades can be defined: Opisthosporidia, Chytridiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Zoopagomycota, Mucoromycota, Glomeromycota, Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. For each group, we discuss their main traits and their diversity, focusing on the evolutionary relationships among the main fungal clades. We also explore the diversity and phylogeny of several groups of uncertain affinities and the main phylogenetic and taxonomical controversies and hypotheses in the field.
Ki67 expression and localization of T cells after neoadjuvant therapies as reliable predictive markers in rectal cancer
Authors: Imaizumi Ken , Suzuki Toshihiro , Kojima Motohiro , Shimomura Manami , Sakuyama Naoki , Tsukada Yuichiro , Sasaki Takeshi , Nishizawa Yuji , Taketomi Akinobu , Ito Masaaki , Nakatsura Tetsuya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the standard neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer (RC). However, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) also shows favorable outcomes. Although the immunological environment of RC has been thoroughly discussed, the effect of NAC on it is less clear. Here, we investigated the immunological microenvironment, including T cell infiltration, activation, and topological distribution, of resected RC tissue after neoadjuvant therapies and evaluated the correlation between T cell subsets and patient prognosis. Rectal cancer patients (n = 188) were enrolled and categorized into 3 groups, namely CRT (n = 41), NAC (n = 46), and control (surgery alone; n = 101) groups. Characterization of residual carcinoma cells and T cell subsets in resected tissues was performed using multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry. The densities of total and activated (Ki67high) T cells in tissues after NAC, but not CRT, were higher than in control. In both CRT and NAC groups, patients presenting with higher treatment effects showed aggressive infiltration of T cell subsets into carcinomas. Multivariate analyses of pathological and immunological features and prognosis revealed that carcinoma Ki67highCD4+ T cells after CRT and stromal Ki67highCD8+ T cells after NAC are important prognostic factors, respectively. Our results suggest that evaluation of T cell activation with Ki67 expression and its tumor localization can be used to determine the prognosis of advanced RC after neoadjuvant therapies.