bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Methadone and Tincture of Opium for the Management of Opioid Withdrawal among Subjects with an Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Jamalian Mohammad , Nasrollahzadeh Milad , Kazemifar Amir Mohammad , Solhi Hasan 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Drug addiction is associated with complications such as mortality, monetary burden, and various socioeconomic problems at the individual to the community level. Methadone and Tincture of Opium (TOP) are the most commonly used drugs to help addicts maintain their drug withdrawal process and eventually permanent withdrawal. Desirable clinical experiences have been reported in the use of these two agents in the management of opioid withdrawal. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of methadone and TOP using Khomree method for detoxification of drug abuse.
Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized double-blind clinical trial among opium addicts (at least one year of use) referred to Arak University of Medical Sciences. Seventy subjects were enrolled in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and then randomly divided into two groups (n = 35, treated with methadone) and group 2 (n = 35, treated with TOP). Furthermore, patients were evaluated for withdrawal symptoms on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 after treatment. Finally, the results were analyzed using SPSS 18 software.
Results: Severity of sweating (group 1: P = 0.0001, group 2: P =0. 005), runny nose (P = 0.001), lacrimation (P = 0.001), chord reflex (P = 001.0), fecal excretion (group 1: P = 0.001, group 2: P = 0.01, muscle twitches (P = 0.001), drooling (P = 0.001) warming sensation (P = 0.0001) and substance seeking (group 1: P = 0.0001, P = 0.008) in both groups were significantly improved during 28 days of treatment.
Conclusion: Methadone and TOP detoxification are both effective in opioid withdrawal syndrome and the effect of methadone and TOP in opiate withdrawal are not preferable. However, further studies are recommended.
MCF2 is linked to a complex perisylvian syndrome and affects cortical lamination
Authors: Molinard‐Chenu Aude , Fluss Joël , Laurent Sacha , Laurent Méryle , Guipponi Michel , Dayer Alexandre G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe combination of congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome (CBPS) with lower motor neuron dysfunction remains unusual and suggests a potential common genetic insult affecting basic neurodevelopmental processes. Here we identify a putatively pathogenic missense mutation in the MCF2 gene in a boy with CBPS. Using in utero electroporation to genetically manipulate cortical neurons during corticogenesis, we demonstrate that the mouse Mcf2 gene controls the embryonic migration of cortical projection neurons. Strikingly, we find that the CBPS‐associated MCF2 mutation impairs cortical laminar positioning, supporting the hypothesis that alterations in the process of embryonic neuronal migration can lead to rare cases of CBPS.
Investigation on carbon nanotube oxide for anhydrous proton exchange membranes application
Authors: Pan Bin , Jia Tingting , Duan Xiangqing , Zhong Zhixuan , Bai Guosheng , Che Quantong 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe widespread participation of polymers in the membrane preparation has been considering to be critical for the development of proton exchange membranes (PEMs). For the polymers without functional groups to conduct protons, the introduction of proton conduction carriers with the formation of composite membranes is an effective strategy to prepare PEMs with the outstanding proton conductivity. However, there remains a potential risk of the components leaking from composite membranes due to the lack of the interaction force. Here, the composite of carbon nanotube oxide (OCNT) assembling with cadmium telluride (CdTe) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (bmimPF6) was introduced into the system of phosphoric acid (PA) doping poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with the formation of PVDF/OCNT‐CdTe‐bmimPF6/85%PA membranes. PA molecules are anchored by the inorganics of OCNT‐CdTe‐bmimPF6 and are stabilized in membranes. The high and stable proton conductivity values at the elevated temperature are obtained comparing the reported PVDF/bmimPF6/PA membranes. Specifically, the proton conductivity value reached 1.28 × 10−1 S/cm at 160 °C and the value is stable 1.70 × 10−2 S/cm at 120 °C lasting for 350 h. The fine stability in components could make the membranes extricate from the predicament of proton conductivity decline exceeding 120 °C under anhydrous conditions in PVDF/bmimPF6/PA membranes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48833.
CuII‐Catalyzed Oxidative Formation of 5‐Alkynyltriazoles
Authors: Liu Peiye , Brassard Christopher J. , Lee Justin P. , Zhu Lei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn an alcoholic solvent under the catalysis of Cu(OAc)2⋅H2O, organic azide and terminal alkyne could oxidatively couple to afford 5‐alkynyl‐1,2,3‐triazole (alkynyltriazole) at room temperature under an atmosphere of O2 in a few hours. The involvement of 1,5‐diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non‐5‐ene (DBN) is essential, without which the redox neutral coupling instead proceeds to produce 5‐H‐1,2,3‐triazole (protiotriazole) as the major product. Therefore, DBN switches the redox neutral coupling between terminal alkyne and organic azide, the copper‐catalyzed “click” reaction to afford protiotriazole, to an oxidation reaction that results in alkynyltriazole. The organic base DBN is effective in accelerating the copper(II)‐catalyzed oxidation of terminal alkyne or copper(I) acetylide, which is intercepted by an organic azide to produce alkynyltriazole. The proposed mechanistic model suggests that the selectivity between alkynyl‐ and protiotriazole, and other acetylide or triazolide oxidation products is determined by the competition between copper(I)‐catalyzed redox neutral cycloaddition and copper(II)/O2‐mediated acetylide oxidation after the formation of copper(I) acetylide.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Durchstanztragverhalten lochrandgestützter Platten mit kleiner Lasteinleitungsfläche
Authors: Welsch Torsten , Mucha Rainer , Schnellenbach‐Held Martina , Held Markus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBei der Errichtung von Hochbauten werden schon seit einigen Jahren bevorzugt Stahlbetonflachdecken eingesetzt, die aufgrund ihrer punktförmigen Stützung eine flexible Grundrissgestaltung mit leichten Trennwänden ermöglichen. Bei sehr schlanken Druckgliedern wie Stützen aus hochfestem Beton, Schleuderbetonstützen oder Verbundstützen für die punktförmigen Auflager der Flachdecken ergibt sich die technische Herausforderung der vertikalen Lastdurchleitung durch die in der Regel aus normalfestem Beton hergestellten Flachdecken. Hierfür wurden Konstruktionselemente in Form von hochfesten Kernen entwickelt, die den Deckenknoten durchdringen und somit einen direkten vertikalen Kraftschluss zwischen den am Knoten angreifenden Stützen ermöglichen. In diesem Fall verbleibt für die Lasteinleitung aus der Decke in die untere Stütze nur eine im Querschnitt deutlich reduzierte, ringförmige Lasteinleitungsfläche. Im Vorfeld durchgeführte Finite‐Elemente‐Simulationen zum Durchstanztragverhalten solcher lochrandgestützter Platten mit kleiner ringförmiger Lasteinleitungsfläche lassen den Schluss zu, dass sich je nach Größe der Lasteinleitungsfläche und der Art der konstruktiven Ausbildung Effekte auf das Bruchverhalten und die Versagenslasten ergeben. Nachfolgend wird über die Ergebnisse experimenteller Untersuchungen dieser besonderen Durchstanzproblematik und der begleitend durchgeführten Finite‐Elemente‐Simulationen berichtet.
Optimization of Electrode Potential Ranges for Constructing 4.0 V Carbon‐Based Supercapacitors
Authors: Ye Meng , Guo Hongwei , Dou Qingyun , Guo Hui , Hou Ruilin , Guo Junhong , Yan Xingbin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSupercapacitors (SCs) based on porous carbon exhibit high power delivery/uptake and ultra‐long cycle life but are limited by their low energy density. A critical problem is that their theoretical operating potential windows (OPWs) cannot be fully utilized, owing to the unreasonable potential ranges of electrodes, leading to significantly decreased energy density. Here, the electrode potential ranges of SCs based on activated carbon electrodes and ionic liquid electrolytes were successfully optimized by mass‐balancing and pre‐charging strategies. Consequently, the OPWs of the two resultant SCs were extended to the theoretical value of 4.0 V, and superior energy densities of 112.33 Wh kg−1 and 132.56 Wh kg−1 were obtained, respectively. Moreover, the features of these two strategies were compared. Mass‐balancing is easy to implement, but the corresponding SC shows a relatively low energy density because of the different mass loadings of two electrodes. Pre‐charging enables SC to achieve higher energy density, but it is difficult to control due to self‐discharge.
Improving the fail‐operational behavior of automotive applications by artificial DNA
Authors: Brinkschulte Uwe , Pacher Mathias , Brinkschulte Melanie 
Published: December 2019

SummaryEmbedded systems are growing very complex because of the increasing chip integration density, larger number of chips in distributed applications, and demanding application fields, eg, in autonomous cars. Bio‐inspired techniques like self‐organization are a key feature to handle this complexity. In biology, the structure and organization of a system is coded in its DNA. We adapted this concept to embedded systems using an artificial DNA (ADNA). Based on the ADNA, the self‐organization mechanisms can build the system autonomously at run‐time providing a self‐building system. This property predestines the ADNA for the use in automotive applications because modern (autonomous) cars include several highly redundant processors (electronic control units (ECUs)). The ADNA can be used to reduce the number of ECUs in a car on the one hand and to make better use of the cars' redundant ECUs on the other hand. Our contribution in this paper is to evaluate the improvements possible due to the ADNA by analyzing the fail‐operational limits and failure probabilities in such scenarios. We also propose a simple graceful degradation scheme for the tasks to improve the system dependability of the cars. Finally, the usability of the concept is demonstrated by a practical evaluation.
Laboratory investigations of the role of biofilms on stream‐bed surfaces in debris‐flow runout
Authors: Tang Yong‐Jun , Xu Ze‐Min , Shao Zhen‐Chen , Ren Zhe , Wang Kun , Yang Kui , Luo Jun‐Yao , Gao Hai‐Yan , Tian Lin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDebris‐flow runout is a fascinating process to understand due to its implications for downstream alluvial fans. Based on the propagation‐deposition behaviors of the Dongyuege (DYG) debris flow, in Yunnan, the effect of biofilms on channel surfaces on debris‐flow runout is investigated in laboratory flumes with two different internal surfaces: surfaces are lined with granite slabs (Model I) and gravel (Model II), respectively.Our results show that biofilms can significantly reduce frictional resistance to flows. They increase flow velocities, slow down the deceleration of the snouts, prolong runout distances, and subsequently extend the areas covered with resulting deposits, thus greatly assisting the propagation of experimental debris flows. Slippery biofilms consisting mainly of diatoms and their extracellular mucus (ECM) reduce the contact friction between the flume‐beds and the overlying fluids, and greatly promote the propagation of tested flows.Well‐developed biofilms are found on the underwater channel surfaces of the DYG Creek. Acting as lubricating layers, they likely played a key role in the DYG debris‐flow runout. Most of the debris transported during the DYG event was deposited on overbanks, and the sediment that caused the disaster was transported to the populated fan region through the stream‐bed clad in the thick biofilms. Owing to their impacts on the development and width of the temporary debris dam breach, the stream‐bed covered with biofilms became a direct contributor to the debris‐flow hazard.Because of the ubiquitous presence of biofilms on mountain stream‐bed surfaces, the development of perennial streamflows can be viewed as an indicator of gully susceptibility to debris flows threatening creek fans. The underwater areas of pre‐event channel cross‐sections should be regarded as slip or low‐friction boundaries, and the parts above stream‐levels can be viewed as no‐slip boundaries. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review of the contribution of cowpea leaves to food and nutrition security in East Africa
Authors: Owade Joshua O. , Abong’ George , Okoth Michael , Mwang’ombe Agnes W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCowpea leaf is among the African indigenous vegetables that have been recommended for possible alleviation of food and nutrition insecurity in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). The vegetable is rich in micronutrients including iron and vitamin A whose deficiencies are prevalent in SSA. Considering the limitation of seasonal availability, preservation techniques have been adopted to enhance availability with little success. This review aims at highlighting the contribution of cowpeas leaves to food and nutrition security as well as research gaps that must be addressed to promote the utilization of value‐added forms that would have extended effect of improving its production and consumption. It was found that preserved and fresh cowpea leaves were rich in beta‐carotene and iron in the ranges of 0.25–36.55 and 0.17–75.00 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively. The proportion of rural households incorporating the vegetable in its various forms in the region can be as high as 30%. With adequate utilization, the vegetable provided up to ≥ 75% and 25% of RDAs for vitamin A and iron, respectively, of children aged 4–8. However, the utilization of preserved forms faced a limitation for a deviation of up to 30% in their sensory scores and decreased nutrient content as compared to the fresh ones hugely hindered their market penetration. Utilization of novel processing techniques incorporating concept of hurdle technology can help address these quality losses. In conclusion, preservation of cowpea leaves should seek not only to enhance the shelf‐life, but also to enhance acceptability of the products with a view of increased utilization.
In‐situ extraction and impregnation of black walnut husk into polyethylene film using supercritical carbon dioxide with an ethanol modifier
Authors: Wenzel Jonathan E. , Moorman Veronica , Wang Lihua , Spencer‐Williams Isaiah , Hall Mitchell , Samaniego Cheryl S. , Ammerman Michelle L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWalnuts are commonly cultivated for their kernel, which is a rich source of antioxidant phenolic compounds. The husk likewise contains antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds, but is typically discarded without further processing. Antioxidant compounds are useful in creating active packaging films, but typically decompose at melt extrusion temperatures in polymer processing. Due to carbon dioxide's low critical point and ability to swell polymer films, supercritical carbon dioxide may be used to impregnate phenolic compounds into polymers. For this study, a novel technique is used to simultaneously produce walnut husk extracts and impregnate the extract into polymer films in the same batch extractor using supercritical carbon dioxide with a 15 wt‐% ethanol modifier at 60°C at 19.4 MPa. The effect of varying the loading of walnut husk in the extractor upon impregnation mass was evaluated with the impregnation mass of the film increasing with walnut husk loading. It was determined by FTIR, as well as the reduction of the protein cytochrome c, that antioxidant compounds may be extracted from walnut husks and impregnated into low‐density polyethylene film (LDPE) by this technique.
Transjugular Seldinger approach for permanent pacemaker implantation in octogenarian with inaccessible upper limbs venous system
Authors: Tondas Alexander Edo , Mulawarman Rido , Trifitriana Monica , Abisha Savero Evan , Pranata Raymond 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn up to 13.7% of device implants, lead entry through the cephalic, axillary, or subclavian veins might be unfeasible. Transjugular permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation may be considered as a bailout strategy in the difficult anatomy of conventional veins, before resorting to epicardial pacing lead, which requires general anesthesia and thoracotomy. We described a case report of a single chamber PPM implantation in an 83‐year‐old man using transjugular Seldinger approach without surgical cut down of the internal jugular vein, due to spasm, stenosis, and thrombosis of the upper limbs venous systems. Acceptable lead impedance and threshold were maintained during 2 months follow‐up.
Inner mantles and iterated HOD
Authors: Reitz Jonas , Williams Kameryn J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present a class forcing notion , uniformly definable for ordinals η, which forces the ground model to be the ηth inner mantle of the extension, in which the sequence of inner mantles has length at least η. This answers a conjecture of Fuchs, Hamkins, and Reitz [1] in the positive. We also show that forces the ground model to be the ηth iterated of the extension, where the sequence of iterated s has length at least η. We conclude by showing that the lengths of the sequences of inner mantles and of iterated s can be separated to be any two ordinals you please.
OX2 receptors mediate the inhibitory effects of orexin‐A on potassium chloride‐induced increases in intracellular calcium ion levels in neurons derived from rat dorsal root ganglion in a chronic pain model
Authors: Yamaguchi Masami , Ishikawa Manabu , Aono Yuri , Saigusa Tadashi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsOrexin‐A is known to induce anti‐nociceptive effects in animal models of chronic pain. We have found that orexin‐A inhibits KCl loading‐induced increases in the intracellular calcium ion levels ([Ca2+]i) in C‐fiber‐like neurons of rats showing inflammatory nociceptive behavior. Here, we examined the effects of orexin‐A on the depolarization of C‐fiber‐like neurons derived from a rat model for another type of chronic pain, namely neuropathic pain. Thus, we analyzed the effects of orexin‐A on KCl‐induced increases in [Ca2+]i in C‐fiber‐like neurons of rats with sciatic nerve ligation.MethodsPaw withdrawal and threshold force in response to tactile stimuli were evaluated using von Frey filaments. Sham‐operated rats served as controls. [Ca2+]i in neurons were visualized by calcium fluorescent probe. Changes in [Ca2+]i were assessed using relative fluorescence intensity.ResultsSeven days after sciatic nerve ligation, paw withdrawal and threshold force for tactile stimuli were increased and reduced, respectively. KCl loading to neurons from either sciatic nerve‐ligated or control rats increased relative fluorescence intensity. The KCl‐induced increase in relative fluorescence intensity in sciatic nerve‐ligated, but not that of control, rats was inhibited by orexin‐A. The OX1 and OX2 receptor antagonist MK‐4305 and OX2 receptor antagonist EMPA, but not the OX1 receptor antagonist SB 334867, each counteracted orexin‐A‐induced inhibition of KCl‐provoked increases in relative fluorescence intensity.ConclusionThe present findings constitute neuropharmacological evidence that OX2 but not OX1 receptors mediate the inhibitory effects of orexin‐A on KCl‐induced increases in [Ca2+]i in C‐fiber‐like neurons of rats showing hyperalgesia provoked by sciatic nerve ligation.
Oncogenesis of CAEBV revealed: Intragenic deletions in the viral genome and leaky expression of lytic genes
Authors: Murata Takayuki , Okuno Yusuke , Sato Yoshitaka , Watanabe Takahiro , Kimura Hiroshi 
Published: December 2019

SummaryEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is a causative agent of infectious mononucleosis and several malignancies involving lymphocytes and epithelial cells. We recently reported genomic analyses of chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV), a proliferative disorder of T and/or NK cells, as well as other lymphoid malignancies. We found that T and/or NK cells undergoing clonal expansion in CAEBV patients gain somatic driver mutations as the disorder progresses. Investigation of the viral genome revealed viral genomes harboring intragenic deletions in the BamHI‐rightward transcripts (BART) region and in essential lytic genes. Interestingly, we observed that these deletions resulted in leaky expression of viral lytic genes. This increased expression of viral lytic genes is reminiscent of the “pre‐latent abortive lytic” state, in which a substantial number of lytic genes are produced for weeks in the absence of progeny production, which contributes to cell survival upon de novo infection. It has been known that EBV can choose either latent or lytic state, but this dualistic concept may need to be reconsidered, as our data suggest the presence of the third, intermediate state; leaky expression of lytic genes that does not lead to completion of the full lytic amplification cycle. Leaky expression of lytic genes likely contributes to the formation and maintenance of several types of EBV‐associated tumors. We also presented significant circumstantial evidence suggesting that EBV infects lymphoid progenitor cells in CAEBV before differentiation into T and NK cells. Taken together, our new data shed light on oncogenesis of CAEBV and other EBV‐associated malignancies.
Decomposition‐based mission planning for fixed‐wing UAVs surveying in wind
Authors: Coombes Matthew , Fletcher Tom , Chen Wen‐Hua , Liu Cunjia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a new method for planning fixed‐wing aerial survey paths that ensures efficient image coverage of a large complex agricultural field in the presence of wind. By decomposing any complex polygonal field into multiple convex polygons, the traditional back‐and‐forth boustrophedon paths can be used to ensure coverage of these decomposed regions. To decompose a complex field in an efficient and fast manner, a top‐down recursive greedy approach is used to traverse the search space to minimize the flight time of the survey. This optimization can be computed fast enough for use in the field. As wind can severely affect flight time, it is included in the flight time calculation in a systematic way using a verified cost function that offers greatly reduced survey times in the wind. Other improved cost functions have been developed to take into account real‐world problems, for example, No‐Fly Zones, in addition to flight time. A number of real surveys are performed to show the flight time in wind model is accurate, to make further comparisons to previous techniques and to show that the proposed method works in real‐world conditions providing total image coverage. A number of missions are generated and flown for real complex agricultural fields. In addition to this, the wind field around a survey area is measured from a multirotor carrying an ultrasonic wind speed sensor. This shows that the assumption of steady uniform wind holds true for the small areas and time scales of an unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey.
Green and Efficient Synthesis of Thiophosphinates, Thiophosphates, and Thiophosphinites in Water
Authors: Wang Guanghui , Zhou Lihong , Li Nutao , Zeng Qingle 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA metal‐free cross‐coupling reaction of H‐phosphine oxides, H‐phosphonate esters, and diarylphosphines with N‐(aryl/alkylthio)succinimides in water was developed. This protocol provides a greener synthesis of thiophosphinates, thiophosphates, and thiophosphinites in moderate to excellent yields. The mechanism of this reaction probably involves nucleophilic substitution and free radical reactions.