bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide association study identifies an early onset pancreatic cancer risk locus
Authors: Campa Daniele , Gentiluomo Manuel , Obazee Ofure , Ballerini Alba , Vodickova Ludmila , Hegyi Péter , Soucek Pavel , Brenner Hermann , Milanetto Anna Caterina , Landi Stefano , Gao Xin , Bozzato Dania , Capurso Gabriele , Tavano Francesca , Vashist Yogesh , Hackert Thilo , Bambi Franco , Bursi Simona , Oliverius Martin , Gioffreda Domenica , Schöttker Ben , Ivanauskas Audrius , Mohelnikova‐Duchonova Beatrice , Darvasi Erika , Pezzilli Raffaele , Małecka‐Panas Ewa , Strobel Oliver , Gazouli Maria , Katzke Verena , Szentesi Andrea , Cavestro Giulia Martina , Farkas Gyula , Izbicki Jakob R. , Moz Stefania , Archibugi Livia , Hlavac Viktor , Vincze Áron , Talar‐Wojnarowska Renata , Rusev Borislav , Kupcinskas Juozas , Greenhalf Bill , Dijk Frederike , Giese Nathalia , Boggi Ugo , Andriulli Angelo , Busch Olivier R , Vanella Giuseppe , Vodicka Pavel , Nentwich Michael , Lawlor Rita T. , Theodoropoulos George E , Jamroziak Krzysztof , Zuppardo Raffaella Alessia , Moletta Lucia , Ginocchi Laura , Kaaks Rudolf , Neoptolemos John P , Lucchesi Maurizio , Canzian Federico 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEarly onset pancreatic cancer (EOPC) is a rare disease with a very high mortality rate. Almost nothing is known on the genetic susceptibility of EOPC, therefore, we performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to identify novel genetic variants specific for patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) at younger ages. In the first phase, conducted on 821 cases with age of onset ≤60 years, of whom 198 with age of onset ≤50, and 3227 controls from PanScan I‐II, we observed four SNPs (rs7155613, rs2328991, rs4891017 and rs12610094) showing an association with EOPC risk (P < 1 × 10−4). We replicated these SNPs in the PANcreatic Disease ReseArch (PANDoRA) consortium and used additional in silico data from PanScan III and PanC4. Among these four variants rs2328991 was significant in an independent set of 855 cases with age of onset ≤60 years, of whom 265 with age of onset ≤50, and 4142 controls from the PANDoRA consortium while in the in silico data, we observed no statistically significant association. However, the resulting meta‐analysis supported the association (P = 1.15 × 10−4). In conclusion, we propose a novel variant rs2328991 to be involved in EOPC risk. Even though it was not possible to find a mechanistic link between the variant and the function, the association is supported by a solid statistical significance obtained in the largest study on EOPC genetics present so far in the literature.
The Role of Social Capital in Resiliency: Disaster Recovery in Puerto Rico
Authors: Delilah Roque Anais , Pijawka David , Wutich Amber 
Published: April 2020

The disasters that occurred during the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season not only became an economic burden for federal and local governments but also for those who had their houses damaged and lived without electricity, water, and related necessities 1 year after. In the case of Hurricane María in Puerto Rico, ineffective oversight of the large‐scale humanitarian crisis also contributed to long‐term delays in recovery efforts. This paper explores how barrios (small legal divisions) can use social capital to recover and potentially increase resilience before after a disaster. By looking at two rural barrios in Puerto Rico, the study presents how the communities' actions pre‐and‐post‐Hurricane María assisted the residents in coping and reducing vulnerability. The study conducted semi‐structured interviews with community leaders to assess the communities' capacities in their organizations, emergency management, collaborations, and ongoing efforts to mitigate future shocks. A thematic analysis for each site described three key dimensions of social capital (bonding, bridging, and linking) that these communities leveraged to enhance resiliency. Findings show that social capital facilitated recovery efforts and enhanced resiliency through shared values, network expansion, new partnerships, and a desire to make their communities more robust and less vulnerable to upcoming environmental disturbances.
Low-loss metasurface optics down to the deep ultraviolet region
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Divitt Shawn , Fan Qingbin , Zhu Wenqi , Agrawal Amit , Lu Yanqing , Xu Ting , Lezec Henri J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractShrinking conventional optical systems to chip-scale dimensions will benefit custom applications in imaging, displaying, sensing, spectroscopy, and metrology. Towards this goal, metasurfaces—planar arrays of subwavelength electromagnetic structures that collectively mimic the functionality of thicker conventional optical elements—have been exploited at frequencies ranging from the microwave range up to the visible range. Here, we demonstrate high-performance metasurface optical components that operate at ultraviolet wavelengths, including wavelengths down to the record-short deep ultraviolet range, and perform representative wavefront shaping functions, namely, high-numerical-aperture lensing, accelerating beam generation, and hologram projection. The constituent nanostructured elements of the metasurfaces are formed of hafnium oxide—a loss-less, high-refractive-index dielectric material deposited using low-temperature atomic layer deposition and patterned using high-aspect-ratio Damascene lithography. This study opens the way towards low-form factor, multifunctional ultraviolet nanophotonic platforms based on flat optical components, enabling diverse applications including lithography, imaging, spectroscopy, and quantum information processing.
Sharing of hand kinematic synergies across subjects in daily living activities
Authors: Gracia-Ibáñez Verónica , Sancho-Bru Joaquín L. , Vergara Margarita , Jarque-Bou Néstor J. , Roda-Sales Alba 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe motor system is hypothesised to use kinematic synergies to simplify hand control. Recent studies suggest that there is a large set of synergies, sparse in degrees of freedom, shared across subjects, so that each subject performs each action with a sparse combination of synergies. Identifying how synergies are shared across subjects can help in prostheses design, in clinical decision-making or in rehabilitation. Subject-specific synergies of healthy subjects performing a wide number of representative daily living activities were obtained through principal component analysis. To make synergies comparable between subjects and tasks, the hand kinematics data were scaled using normative range of motion data. To obtain synergies sparse in degrees of freedom a rotation method that maximizes the sum of the variances of the squared loadings was applied. Resulting synergies were clustered and each cluster was characterized by a core synergy and different indexes (prevalence, relevance for function and within-cluster synergy similarity), substantiating the sparsity of synergies. The first two core synergies represent finger flexion and were present in all subjects. The remaining core synergies represent coordination of the thumb joints, thumb-index joints, palmar arching or fingers adduction, and were employed by subjects in different combinations, thus revealing different subject-specific strategies.
Influence of Chronic Ethanol Consumption on Apoptosis and Autophagy Following Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Male Mice
Authors: Li Chun , Li Jiyu , Xu Guodong , Sun Hong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStroke remains one of the leading causes of permanent disability and death worldwide. Apoptosis and autophagy are two key elements involved in ischemic brain damage. Ethanol is a commonly used and abused chemical substance that affects the prognosis of ischemic stroke. We determined the influence of chronic ethanol consumption on apoptosis and autophagy following transient focal cerebral ischemia. Male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into three groups and gavage fed with 0.7 and 2.8 g/kg/day ethanol or volume-matched water daily for 8 weeks. DNA fragmentation, TUNEL-positive neurons, cleaved caspase-3-positive neurons, translocation of mitochondrial cytochrome C and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), LC3B-positive neurons, and expression of LC3B, Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 in peri-infarct cortex were evaluated at 24 hours of reperfusion after a 90-minute unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was significantly improved in the 0.7 g/kg/d ethanol group but worsened in the 2.8 g/kg/d ethanol group. DNA fragmentation was significantly increased at 24 hours of reperfusion in all groups. However, the magnitude of the increase was significantly less in the 0.7 g/kg/d ethanol group. In addition, both cleaved caspase-3-positive neurons and TUNEL-positive neurons were significantly less in 0.7 g/kg/d ethanol group. Furthermore, translocation of mitochondrial cytochrome C and AIF was significantly alleviated in the 0.7 g/kg/d ethanol group. On the other hand, baseline expression of LC3B was significantly reduced in the 2.8 g/kg/d ethanol group. Post-ischemic expression of LC3B and LC3B-positive neurons were significantly attenuated in both 0.7 and 2.8 g/kg/d ethanol groups. Moreover, although post-ischemic expression of Beclin-1 was not altered in the ethanol groups, post-ischemic expression of Bcl-2 was significantly greater in both 0.7 and 2.8 g/kg/d ethanol groups. Our findings suggest that light ethanol consumption may protect against cerebral I/R injury by suppressing post-ischemic apoptosis, whereas heavy ethanol consumption may exacerbate cerebral I/R injury by suppressing autophagy.
Antidepressiva in der Behandlung chronischer Schmerzen
Authors: Hoffmann Stefanie 
Published: April 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGChronische Schmerzen treten in Deutschland mit einer Punktprävalenz von 17 % häufig auf und können nur im Rahmen eines bio-psychosozialen Erklärungsmodells verstanden werden. Eine medikamentöse Therapie sollte daher, im Sinne einer multimodalen Schmerztherapie, in Kombination mit weiteren therapeutischen Maßnahmen eingesetzt werden. Neben klassischen Analgetika werden auch sogenannte Koanalgetika (u. a. Antidepressiva) eingesetzt. Obwohl psychische Komorbiditäten bei chronischen Schmerzpatienten häufig sind, beruht die Wirksamkeit von Antidepressiva bei chronischen Schmerzen nicht nur auf ihrer stimmungsstabilisierenden Wirkweise. Neue Erkenntnisse über pathophysiologische Vorgänge zeigen, dass die Beeinflussung neuronaler Netzwerke, in denen chronische Schmerzen codiert werden, für die Wirkweise von Antidepressiva relevant ist. Am besten analgetisch wirksam gelten unter den Antidepressiva die trizyklischen Substanzen. Als Hauptindikationsgebiet sind neuropathische Schmerzen anzusehen. Patienten sollten im Sinne einer partizipativen Entscheidungsfindung intensiv aufgeklärt und realistische Therapieziele festgelegt werden.
Geschlechtersensibles Denken erweitert die Sichtweise und eröffnet neue Perspektiven
Authors: Seeland Ute 
Published: April 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGChronische Erkrankungen wie Diabetes mellitus werden in der Typ-2-Form oft erst im höheren Alter symptomatisch, meist in Form von mikro- oder makrovaskulären Komplikationen. Die Diagnostik durch Nüchternblutzuckermessung bei Männern und Glukosetoleranztest bei Frauen sollte jedoch viel früher stattfinden. Die Tatsache, dass der gestörte Glukosestoffwechsel – sei es durch die nachlassende Funktion der Inselzellen des Pankreas oder/und durch eine zunehmende Insulinresistenz – nicht kurativ zu behandeln ist, stellt Ärzt/-innen und Patient/-innen vor eine besondere Herausforderung. Symptome wie vermehrtes Durstgefühl und Pollakisurie unterscheiden sich oft nicht zwischen Frauen und Männern, der Umgang mit der Krankheit kann aber individuell sehr unterschiedlich sein 1. Grundkenntnisse zu Geschlechterunterschieden in der Pathophysiologie erklären unterschiedliche Blutzuckerprofile. So manche Reaktion von Patient/-innen hinsichtlich der Compliance erscheint dann verständlicher. Gezieltes Nachfragen nach Symptomen der Hypoglykämie und die Aufklärung über die Zusammenhänge führen zu einer stabileren Stoffwechsellage.
Pharmakotherapie in der Akut- und Notfallpsychiatrie
Authors: Liebe Claus 
Published: April 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGPsychiatrische Notfälle sind auch im Klinikalltag häufig, die pharmakologische Behandlung erfolgt auf der syndromalen Ebene, daneben haben nicht-pharmakologische Strategien einen hohen Stellenwert. Notfallpsychopharmaka sollten für die Verwendung in der jeweiligen Indikation zugelassen und sicher in der Anwendung sein. Sie zeichnen sich durch hohe Wirkwahrscheinlichkeit, sichere Applikationsform sowie geringe Wirklatenz aus. Präparate mit kurzer Halbwertszeit, guter Steuerbarkeit sowie keinem oder einem nur geringen Interaktionsrisiko sind empfohlen. Die Medikamente sollten über ein günstiges kardiales und respiratorisches Risikoprofil verfügen. Bevorzugt kommen Benzodiazepine und Antipsychotika zum Einsatz, wobei die im Klinikalltag gängigsten Substanzen in diesem Beitrag dargestellt werden. Neben der individuellen klinischen Erfahrung sind fundierte Fachkenntnisse zu psychiatrischen Notfällen, den Symptomen und den verwendeten Medikamenten eine gute Grundlage für eine differenzierte und sichere Therapie. Einen ausführlichen Überblick hierzu bietet die aktuelle S2k-Leitlinie „Notfallpsychiatrie“.
Thermoregulation and shivering responses in elite alpine skiers
Authors: Alhammoud Marine , Oksa Juha , Morel Baptiste , Hansen Clint , Chastan David , Racinais Sebastien 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to characterise the thermoregulatory responses of elite alpine skiers. Core (gastro‐intestinal) and skin temperatures were recorded continuously from 4 national team skiers representing 18 training‐sessions for a total of 83 ski runs (average ambient temperature 1.9°C). Shivering responses were estimated from quadriceps and hamstrings EMG recordings during 77 chairlifts. Temperature responses were also obtained from 6 accompanying staffs representing 16 training‐sessions (passive in 10 cases, following the skiers in 6 cases). Core temperature of the skiers (P < .001) but not the staff (P = .103) increased during training and was higher in skiers than staff after one‐third of the training session (P < .006). Conversely, average skin temperature of the skiers decreased during training (P < .001) and was lower in skiers than staff for the second half of the training. Muscle activity during chairlifts remained below 1% and there was no meaningful shivering. Muscle activity decreased whilst mean and median power frequency increased during the chairlift (P < .020). Muscle activity was also lower during the last lift than the first one whilst mean and median power frequency were higher (P < .020). In conclusion, skin temperature decreased during Slalom and Giant Slalom in elite alpine skiers, likely due to the limited insulative capacity of the racing suit and the high velocity increasing convective heat loss. Conversely, core temperature increased during the training session suggesting that the metabolic heat production was larger than the convective heat loss, and was also sufficient to maintain homeostasis without shivering.
Non-invasive prediction of tissue Doppler-derived E/e′ ratio using lung Doppler signals
Authors: Benjamin Mina M , Bianco Christopher , Caccamo Marco , Sokos George , Kagiyama Nobuyuki , Shrestha Sirish , Verzosa Grace , Sengupta Partho P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
Lung Doppler signals (LDS) represent the radial movement of small pulmonary blood vessel walls, caused by pulse waves of cardiac origin. We sought to investigate the accuracy and prognostic value of LDS as a predictor of mitral valve early diastolic flow to annular velocity ratio (E/e′), in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).

Methods and results
We prospectively enrolled patients with ADHF (n = 99, mean age 65 ± 15 years, 61% males) who underwent echocardiographic and simultaneous LDS evaluation at hospital admission. Patients with hospital stay over 72 h underwent a repeat echocardiogram and LDS assessment before discharge. Patients were followed for the occurrence of short-term all-cause mortality and heart failure (HF) hospitalization. Predicted E/e′ from LDS correlated with echocardiographic E/e′ at admission and discharge (r = 0.67 and 0.83; P &lt; 0.001 for both), respectively. Patients were dichotomized into two groups by the median predicted-E/e′. A high predicted-E/e′ was associated with age, hypertension, anaemia, history of HF with preserved ejection fraction (EF), and chronic kidney disease. Over a median follow-up period of 7 months, 22 (22.2%) patients died and 23 (23.2%) patients were rehospitalized for HF. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a significantly lower event-free survival in high predicted-E/e′ group HF patients with reduced EF (P = 0.0247). No significant differences were observed in HF rehospitalization rates between the two groups.

Conclusion
In this single-centre prospective study of patients with ADHF, LDS predicted echocardiographic E/e′ measurements and showed prognostic value in predicting all-cause mortality in HF patients with a reduced EF.
Characterization of the genetic environment of blaKPC in Escherichia coli isolates from hospitals in China
Authors: Yang Xuejing , Qi Yan , Li Guoping , Wang Yuying , Lou Zhengqing , Jiang Yan 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae members has become a major challenge, and the genetic environment of blaKPC, encoding Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases, has not been fully clarified in China. In this study, we aimed to explore the genetic environment of blaKPC in 25 carbapenem-resistant E. coli isolates from hospitals in Hangzhou Province, China. Antimicrobial susceptibility against 22 common antimicrobial agents was tested. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was performed for screening of the resistent genes, such as blaKPC, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaNDM, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6’)-Ib, armA and rmtB. The genetic environment of blaKPC were determinedin one isolate. blaKPC was detected by PCR in all the clinical E. coli isolates. There were no strains carrying blaNDM, qnrA and armA. The genetic environment of blaKPC showed that blaKPC dissemination is plasmid mediated and that it is located in the Tn3–Tn4401 transposon complex. Encoding of blaKPC-2 was responsible for carbapenem resistance in the 25 E. coli isolates. The genetic environment of blaKPC was characterized by the Tn3–Tn4401 complex. Our findings may provide a theoretical basis for clinical drug-resistance monitoring, anti-infection treatment and hospital infection control.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Colorectal Cancer Findings on Colonic Evaluation After CT-Confirmed Acute Diverticulitis
Authors: Koo Chee Hoe , Chang Jasmine H.E. , Syn Nicholas L. , Wee Ian J.Y. , Mathew Ronnie 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:
CT findings of acute diverticulitis can overlap with features of malignancy, and current guidelines recommend colonic evaluation after acute diverticulitis. However, the benefits of routine colonic evaluation have been questioned.

OBJECTIVE:
We review 30 studies, composed of 29,348 subjects, to evaluate the role of routine colonic evaluation after CT-proven acute diverticulitis.

DATA SOURCES:
Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles published up to July 2018 to identify all relevant articles.

STUDY SELECTION:
A combination of both Medical Subject Headings and non-Medical Subject Headings key terms using Boolean operators were used on Medline, including colonic neoplasms, colorectal cancer, colon cancer, colonic cancer, colonoscopy, and diverticulitis. Any randomized or nonrandomized, English-language article that specifically analyzed incidence of colorectal cancer after performing colonoscopy in patients with previous diverticulitis was included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The desired outcome was to evaluate for incidence of colonic malignancy in cases of acute colonic diverticulitis. Subgroup analyses for incidence of malignancy in uncomplicated and complicated diverticulitis, and Asian population studies were also performed.

RESULTS:
Findings of colonic malignancy occurred in 1.67% (95% CI, 1.24–2.14) of patients with CT-diagnosed diverticulitis. The risk of malignancy in cases with uncomplicated diverticulitis was 1.22% (95% CI, 0.63–1.97) as compared with 6.14% (95% CI, 3.20–9.82) in cases with complicated diverticulitis, with a relative risk of 5.033 (95% CI, 3.194–7.930; p < 0.001).

LIMITATIONS:
Significant variability in design and methodology of the individual studies contributed to the heterogeneity of this study, but these were addressed by using the random-effects model analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Colonic evaluation is worth considering for patients with diverticulitis because of the small but serious risk of underlying malignancy. The risk of malignancy is higher for patients of advanced age and with complicated diverticulitis.
Sodium Fluorescein as an Optical Label to Evaluate Subretinal Injection
Authors: Simunovic Matthew P. , Osaadon Perach , Too Lay Khoon 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
There is renewed interest in subretinal drug delivery as the result of novel and emerging treatments for retinal diseases, including retinal gene therapy. However, our knowledge of the distribution of subretinally delivered drugs is incomplete; herein, we describe a qualitative and quantitative means of surveying the early intraocular distribution of subretinally delivered drugs using dilute sodium fluorescein (NaFl).

Methods:
Sodium fluorescein 10% was serially diluted and mixed with a solution containing tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) at a final concentration of 0.1 mg/mL NaFl and 0.5 mg/mL of tPA. Because this solution was to be used in the context of subretinal tPA injection in the treatment of subretinal hemorrhage, fluorophotometry with, and without, the presence of human whole blood was performed to derive a formula to calculate the concentration of NaFl based on the fluorescence of aspirated intraocular fluid. Videos of subretinal tissue plasminogen activator surgery in a case are presented as a qualitative demonstration of the technique and vitreous cavity fluid collected at case completion underwent fluorophotometry to estimate the loss of therapeutic solution.

Results:
Although the presence of hemoglobin in blood suppresses fluorescence of NaFl, we demonstrate that centrifuging admixtures of blood with NaFl negates the optical effects of blood and yields identical fluorescence versus concentration plots to those of NaFl solution alone. We also demonstrate that NaFl at 0.1 mg/mL can be readily used to qualitatively assess drug losses before, during, and after subretinal injection. Furthermore, we describe how it may be used to quantitatively estimate the total loss of therapeutic solution during subretinal injection using fluorophotometry on aspirated fluid from the vitreous cavity (loss estimated as 4% in the case presented).

Conclusion:
Sodium fluorescein at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL can be used to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the fate of subretinally injected drugs during subretinal injection surgery.