bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Assumed Strain Hardening Relation on Plastic Stress-Strain Response Identification From Conical Indentation
Authors: Zhang Yupeng , Needleman Alan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Instrumented indentation tests provide an attractive means for obtaining data to characterize the plastic response of engineering materials. One difficulty in doing this is that the relation between the measured indentation force versus indentation depth response and the plastic stress-strain response is not unique. Materials with very different uniaxial stress-strain curves can give essentially identical curves of indentation force versus indentation depth. Zhang et al. (2019, “Identification of Plastic Properties From Conical Indentation Using a Bayesian-Type Statistical Approach,” ASME J. Appl. Mech., 86, p. 011002) numerically generated “experimental” conical indentation data and showed that using surface profile data and indentation force versus indentation depth data together with a Bayesian-type statistical analysis permitted the uniaxial plastic stress-strain response to be identified even for materials with indistinguishable indentation force versus indentation depth curves. The same form of hardening relation was used in the identification process as was used to generate the “experimental” data. Generally, a variety of power law expressions have been used to characterize the uniaxial plastic stress-strain response of engineering materials, and, of course, the form that gives the best fit for a material is not known a priori. Here, we use the same Bayesian statistics-based analysis but consider four characterizations of the plastic uniaxial stress-strain response and show that the identification of the hardening relation parameters and the associated uniaxial stress-strain response is not very sensitive to the form of the power law strain hardening relation chosen even with data that have significant noise.
Comparing different definitions of prediabetes with subsequent risk of diabetes: an individual participant data meta-analysis involving 76 513 individuals and 8208 cases of incident diabetes
Authors: Lee Crystal Man Ying , Colagiuri Stephen , Woodward Mark , Gregg Edward W , Adams Robert , Azizi Fereidoun , Gabriel Rafael , Gill Tiffany K , Gonzalez Clicerio , Hodge Allison , Jacobs Jr David R , Joseph Joshua J , Khalili Davood , Magliano Dianna J , Mehlig Kirsten , Milne Roger , Mishra Gita , Mongraw-Chaffin Morgana , Pasco Julie A , Sakurai Masaru , Schreiner Pamela J , Selvin Elizabeth , Shaw Jonathan E , Wittert Gary , Yatsuya Hiroshi , Huxley Rachel R 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveThere are currently five widely used definition of prediabetes. We compared the ability of these to predict 5-year conversion to diabetes and investigated whether there were other cut-points identifying risk of progression to diabetes that may be more useful.Research design and methodsWe conducted an individual participant meta-analysis using longitudinal data included in the Obesity, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Collaboration. Cox regression models were used to obtain study-specific HRs for incident diabetes associated with each prediabetes definition. Harrell’s C-statistics were used to estimate how well each prediabetes definition discriminated 5-year risk of diabetes. Spline and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were used to identify alternative cut-points.ResultsSixteen studies, with 76 513 participants and 8208 incident diabetes cases, were available. Compared with normoglycemia, current prediabetes definitions were associated with four to eight times higher diabetes risk (HRs (95% CIs): 3.78 (3.11 to 4.60) to 8.36 (4.88 to 14.33)) and all definitions discriminated 5-year diabetes risk with good accuracy (C-statistics 0.79–0.81). Cut-points identified through spline analysis were fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 5.1 mmol/L and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 5.0% (31 mmol/mol) and cut-points identified through ROC analysis were FPG 5.6 mmol/L, 2-hour postload glucose 7.0 mmol/L and HbA1c 5.6% (38 mmol/mol).ConclusionsIn terms of identifying individuals at greatest risk of developing diabetes within 5 years, using prediabetes definitions that have lower values produced non-significant gain. Therefore, deciding which definition to use will ultimately depend on the goal for identifying individuals at risk of diabetes.
Diabetic retinopathy as an independent predictor of subclinical cardiovascular disease: baseline results of the PRECISED study
Authors: Simó Rafael , Bañeras Jordi , Hernández Cristina , Rodríguez-Palomares José , Valente Filipa , Gutierrez Laura , González-Alujas Teresa , Ferreira Ignacio , Aguadé-Bruix Santiago , Montaner Joan , Seron Daniel , Genescà Joan , Boixadera Anna , García-Arumí José , Planas Alejandra , Simó-Servat Olga , García-Dorado David 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveDetection of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) has significant impact on the management of type 2 diabetes. We examined whether the assessment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is useful for identifying patients at a higher risk of having silent CVD.Research design and methodsProspective case–control study comprising 200 type 2 diabetic subjects without history of clinical CVD and 60 age-matched non-diabetic subjects. The presence of subclinical CVD was examined using two parameters: (1) calcium coronary score (CACs); (2) composite of CACs >400 UA, carotid plaque ≥3 mm, carotid intima–media thickness ratio >1, or the presence of ECG changes suggestive of previous asymptomatic myocardial infarction. In addition, coronary angio-CT was performed. DR was assessed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and retinography.ResultsType 2 diabetic subjects presented higher CACs than non-diabetic control subjects (p<0.01). Age, male gender, and the presence of DR were independently related to CACs >400 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) 0.76). In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between the degree of DR and CACs <10 AU. The variables independently associated with the composite measurement of subclinical CVD were age, diabetes duration, the glomerular filtration rate, microalbuminuria, and the presence of DR (AUROC 0.71). In addition, a relationship (p<0.01) was observed between the presence and degree of DR and coronary stenosis.ConclusionsThe presence and degree of DR is independently associated with subclinical CVD in type 2 diabetic patients. Our results lead us to propose a rationalized screening for coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes based on prioritizing patients with DR, particularly those with moderate–severe degree.
Impact of glycemic traits, type 2 diabetes and metformin use on breast and prostate cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Au Yeung Shiu Lun , Schooling Catherine Mary 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesObservational studies suggest glycemic traits and type 2 diabetes are positively associated, and metformin inversely associated with breast and prostate cancer risk. However, observational studies are susceptible to unmeasured confounding while studies of metformin use are also vulnerable to immortal time bias. The use of Mendelian randomization may reduce confounding due to random allocation of relevant genetic markers at birth, and may reduce immortal time bias (for metformin-related variants analysis) since the start of exposure is at birth.Research design and methodsWe identified strong genetic predictors of fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and type 2 diabetes from the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium and Diabetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis Consortium (n=140 595 for glucose; n=123 665 for HbA1c; n=898 130 for type 2 diabetes) and ofAMPK-instrumented HbA1c reduction as a proxy of metformin and applied them to large genome-wide association studies of breast cancer (Breast Cancer Association Consortium; BCAC) and prostate cancer (Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer-Associated Alterations in the Genome; PRACTICAL). We used inverse variance weighting to obtain estimates. Sensitivity analyses included use of MR-Egger, weighted median, exclusion of pleiotropic instruments, and validation using UK Biobank (breast cancer only).ResultsThere was no association of fasting glucose (OR 1.03 per mmol/L, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.25), HbA1c (OR 1.02 per %, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.45), or type 2 diabetes (OR 0.98 per log odds, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.01) with breast cancer in BCAC, with similar findings from UK Biobank. There was no association of fasting glucose (OR 0.93 per mmol/L, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.17), HbA1c (OR 0.90 per %, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.40) or type 2 diabetes (OR 1.02 per log odds, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.07) with prostate cancer in PRACTICAL. No strong evidence was observed forAMPK-instrumented HbA1c reduction on cancer risk.ConclusionGlycemic traits and type 2 diabetes unlikely cause breast and prostate cancer. Whether metformin can be repurposed for cancer prevention remains unclear.
Multicentre cross-sectional study on adverse events and good practices in maternity wards in Brazil and Mexico: same problems, different magnitude
Authors: Sousa Kelienny de Meneses , Pimenta Isac Davidson Santiago Fernandes , Fernández Elorriaga María , Saturno-Hernandez Pedro Jesus , Rosendo Tatyana Maria Silva de Souza , de Freitas Marise Reis , Medeiros Wilton Rodrigues , Martins Quenia Camille Soares , Gama Zenewton André da Silva 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of delivery care in maternity wards in Brazil and Mexico based on good practices (GP) and adverse events (AE), in order to identify priorities for improvement.DesignA multicentre cross-sectional study with data collection from medical records between 2015 and 2016 to compare indicators of maternal and neonatal GP and EA based on the Safe Childbirth Checklist and standardised obstetric quality indicators. Two Brazilian and five Mexican maternity wards participated in the study. Descriptive statistics and χ2tests were performed to assess performance and significant differences between the hospitals investigated.SamplingWe analysed 720 births in Brazil and 2707 in Mexico, which were selected using a systematic random sampling of 30 medical records every fortnight for 12 2-week periods in Brazil and 18 2-week periods in Mexico. We included women and their newborns, excluding those with congenital malformations.ResultsThe Mexican hospitals showed greater adherence to GP (58.2%) and a lower incidence of AE (12.9%) than the participating institutions in Brazil (26.8% compliance with GP and 16.0% AE). In spite of these differences, the relative importance of particular quality problems and type of AE are similar in both countries. Tertiary hospitals, caring for women at higher risk, have significantly (p<0.001) higher rates of AE (27.2% in Brazil and 29.6% in Mexico) than institutions attending women at lower risk, where the frequency of AE ranges from 4.7% to 11.2%. Differences were significant (p<0.001) for most indicators of GP and AE.ConclusionData from outcome and process measures revealed similar types of failures in the quality of childbirth care in both countries and indicate the need of rationalising the use of antibiotics for the mother and episiotomy, encouraging greater adherence to partograph and to the use of magnesium sulfate for the treatment of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia.
Safety of switching from vitamin K antagonist to non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant in frail elderly with atrial fibrillation: rationale and design of the FRAIL-AF randomised controlled trial
Authors: Joosten Linda P T , van Doorn Sander , Hoes Arno W , Nierman Melchior C , Wiersma Nynke M , Koek Huiberdina L , Hemels Martin E W , Huisman Menno V , Roes Kit C , van den Bor Rutger M , Buding Wim F , Rutten Frans H , Geersing Geert-Jan 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionClinical guidelines recommend non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) over vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for stroke prevention in most patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Frail elderly were under-represented in the landmark NOAC-trials, leaving a knowledge gap on the optimal anticoagulant management (VKA or NOAC) in this increasing population. The aim of the Frail-AF (FRAIL-AF) study is to assess whether switching from international normalised ratio (INR)-guided VKA-management to a NOAC-based treatment strategy compared with continuing VKA-management is safe in frail elderly patients with AF.Methods and analysisThe FRAIL-AF study is a pragmatic, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled clinical trial. Frail elderly (age ≥75 years plus a Groningen Frailty Indicator score ≥3) who receive VKA-treatment for AF in the absence of a mechanical heart valve or severe mitral valve stenosis will be randomised to switch to a NOAC-based treatment strategy or to continue INR-guided VKA-management. Patients with severe renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) will be excluded from randomisation. Based on existing trial evidence in non-frail patients, we will aim to explore whether NOAC-treatment is superior to VKA-therapy in reducing major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding events. Secondary outcomes include minor bleeding, the composite of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, health-related quality of life and cost-effectiveness. The follow-up period for all subjects is 12 months.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands and by the Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects, the Netherlands. All patients are asked written informed consent. Results are expected in 2022 and will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals as well as presentations at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberEudraCT: 2017-000393-11; The Netherlands Trial Registry: 6721 (FRAIL-AF study).
Housing situation and healthcare for patients in a psychiatric centre in Berlin, Germany: a cross-sectional patient survey
Authors: Schreiter Stefanie , Heidrich Sascha , Zulauf Jamie , Saathoff Ute , Brückner Anne , Majic Tomislav , Rössler Wulf , Schouler-Ocak Meryam , Krausz Michael R , Bermpohl Felix , Bäuml Josef , Gutwinski Stefan 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the housing situation among people seeking psychiatric treatment in relation to morbidity and service utilisation.DesignCross-sectional patient survey.SettingPsychiatric centre with a defined catchment area in Berlin, Germany, March–September 2016.Participants540 psychiatric inpatients including day clinics (43.2% of all admitted patients in the study period (n=1251)).Main outcome measuresHousing status 30 days prior the interview as well as influencing variables including service use, psychiatric morbidity and sociodemographic variables.ResultsIn our survey, 327 participants (68.7%) currently rented or owned an own apartment; 62 (13.0%) reported to be homeless (living on the street or in shelters for homeless or refugees); 87 (18.3%) were accommodated in sociotherapeutic facilities. Participants without an own apartment were more likely to be male and younger and to have a lower level of education. Homeless participants were diagnosed with a substance use disorder significantly more often (74.2%). Psychotic disorders were the highest among homeless participants (29.0%). Concerning service use, we did neither find a lower utilisation of ambulatory services nor a higher utilisation of hospital-based care among homeless participants.ConclusionsOur findings underline the need for effective housing for people with mental illness. Despite many sociotherapeutic facilities, a concerning number of people with mental illness is living in homelessness. Especially early interventions addressing substance use might prevent future homelessness.
Current clinical utilisation of wearable motion sensors for the assessment of outcome following knee arthroplasty: a scoping review
Authors: Small Scott R , Bullock Garrett S , Khalid Sara , Barker Karen , Trivella Marialena , Price Andrew James 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesWearable motion sensors are used with increasing frequency in the evaluation of gait, function and physical activity within orthopaedics and sports medicine. The integration of wearable technology into the clinical pathway offers the ability to improve post-operative patient assessment beyond the scope of current, questionnaire-based patient-reported outcome measures. This scoping review assesses the current methodology and clinical application of accelerometers and inertial measurement units for the evaluation of patient activity and functional recovery following knee arthroplasty.DesignThis is a systematically conducted scoping review following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and reported consulting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. A protocol for this review is registered with the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/rzg9q).Data sourcesCINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases were searched for manuscripts published between 2008 and 2019.Eligibility criteriaWe included clinical studies reporting the use of any combination of accelerometers, pedometers or inertial measurement units for patient assessment at any time point following knee arthroplasty.Data extraction and synthesisData extracted from manuscripts included patient demographics, sensor technology, testing protocol and sensor-based outcome variables.Results45 studies were identified, including 2076 knee arthroplasty patients, 620 patients with end-stage osteoarthritis and 449 healthy controls. Primary aims of the identified studies included functional assessment, physical activity monitoring and evaluation of knee instability. Methodology varied widely between studies, with inconsistency in reported sensor configuration, testing protocol and output variables.ConclusionsThe use of wearable sensors in evaluation of knee arthroplasty procedures is becoming increasingly common and offers the potential to improve clinical understanding of recovery and rehabilitation. While current studies lack consistency, significant opportunity exists for the development of standardised measures and protocols for function and physical activity evaluation.
Exploring the experiences of people in Ontario, Canada who have trouble affording medicines: a qualitative concept mapping study
Authors: Yaphe Hannah , Adekoya Itunuoluwa , Steiner Liane , Maraj Darshanand , O'Campo Patricia , Persaud Nav 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesThe experiences of people who report cost-related medicine non-adherence are not well documented. We aimed to present experiences relating to accessing medicines reported by the participants in a randomised controlled trial of free medicine distribution.MethodsThe trial consisted of primary care patients from a large urban family practice and three rural family practices who reported cost-related medicine non-adherence. Participants were randomly allocated to continue their poor access (control) or to receive free and easily accessible medicines (intervention). As part of data collection for the first year of the trial, participants were asked closed and open-ended questions to assess their adherence to medication, health outcomes and their experiences in relation to medicine accessibility. We conducted a qualitative concept mapping study in which we analysed and summarised participants’ responses to the open-ended question on a concept map to visually present their experiences relating to accessing medicines.ResultsOf the 524 trial participants contacted, 198 (38%) responded to the open-ended question. The concept map contains clusters that represent eight types of experiences of participants related to medicine access including stress, relationship with doctor, health impact, quality of life, sacrificing other essentials, medicines are expensive, financial impact and adherence. These experiences fall under two major themes, experiences relating to personal finances and experiences relating to well-being, which are bridged by a central cluster of adherence.ConclusionsThe experiences shared by the participants demonstrate that access to medicines impacts people’s finances and well-being as well as their adherence to prescribed medicines. These results indicate that effects on personal finances and general well-being should be measured for interventions and policy changes aimed at improving medicine access.Trial registration numberThis article is linked to the Carefully Selected and Easily Accessible at No Charge Medicines (CLEAN Meds) randomised controlled trial (trial registration number: NCT02744963).
Lipoprotein particles and coronary artery calcium in middle-aged US-White and Japanese men
Authors: Mahajan Hemant , Zaid Maryam , Mackey Rachel , Kadota Aya , Vishnu Abhishek , Fujiyoshi Akira , Vasudha Ahuja , Hisamatsu Takashi , Evans Rhobert , Okamura Tomonori , Miura Katsuyuki , Kuller Lewis , Ueshima Hirotsugu , Sekikawa Akira 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveThis cross-sectional study examined whether contrasting distributions of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-measured lipoproteins contribute to differences in the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis measured using coronary artery calcium (CAC) between the two groups of middle-aged males: the US-residing Caucasian (US-White) and Japan-residing Japanese (Japanese).MethodsIn a population-based study of 570 randomly selected asymptomatic men aged 40–49 years (270 US-White and 300 Japanese), we examined the relationship between race/ethnicity, NMR-measured lipoproteins and CAC (measured by Electron Beam CT and quantified using the Agatston method) using multivariable robust Poisson regression adjusting for traditional and novel risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD).ResultsThe US-White compared with the Japanese had significantly different NMR-measured lipoprotein particle distributions. The US-White had a significantly higher prevalence of CAC≥10 (CAC-prevalence) compared with the Japanese adjusting for CHD risk factors (prevalence ratio (PR)=2.10; 95% CI=1.24 to 3.48), and this difference was partially attenuated (~18%) with further adjustment for lipoprotein levels (PR=1.73; 95% CI=1.02 to 3.08). There was no reclassification improvement with further addition of lipoproteins particle concentrations/size to a model that already included traditionally measured lipids (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides), cardiovascular risk factors, and inflammatory markers (net reclassification improvement index=−2% to 3%).ConclusionsVariations in the distribution of NMR-measured lipoprotein particles partially accounted for the difference in the CAC-prevalence between middle-aged US-White and Japanese men.