bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of corrosion pockets in FeNiCrAl at high temperatures investigated by 3D FIB‐SEM tomography
Authors: Jahns Katrin , Krupp Ulrich , Sundell Gustav , Geers Christine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA recently published study of high temperature nitridation of iron chromium aluminum alloys (FeCrAl) at 900°C in N2–H2 has redundantly shown the formation of locally confined corrosion pockets reaching several microns into the alloy. These nitrided pockets form underneath chromia islands laterally surrounded by the otherwise protective alumina scale. Chromia renders a nitrogen‐permeable defect under the given conditions and the presence of aluminum in the alloy. In light of these findings on FeCrAl, a focused ion beam–scanning electron microscope tomography study has been undertaken on an equally nitrided FeNiCrAl sample to characterize its nitridation corrosion features chemically and morphologically. The alloy is strengthened by a high number of chromium carbide precipitates, which are also preferential chromia formation sites. Besides the confirmation of the complete encapsulation of the corrosion pocket from the alloy by a closed and dense aluminum nitride rim, very large voids have been found in the said pockets. Furthermore, metallic particles comprising nickel and iron are deposited on top of the outer oxide scale above such void regions.
Corrosion damage of 316L steel surface examined using statistical methods and artificial neural network
Authors: Kubisztal Julian , Kubisztal Marian , Haneczok Grzegorz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDetailed examination of corrosion‐induced changes of the 316L steel surface (immersed in 5 wt% NaCl solution) is presented and discussed. The evolution of the stable pit depth (hav) with the immersion time (t) was established using 3D maps and statistic techniques. It was found that with n ≈ 0.5. Moreover, determination of the pit area allows estimating the curve current density (j) versus the immersion time and it was found that with m ≈ 1. A novel technique for surface corrosion degree determination is based on analysis of 2D grayscale images instead of black and white images showing that corrosion morphology was elaborated. For this purpose a three‐layered, feed‐forward neural network with the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation training algorithm was used. It was shown that a dependence corrosion degree versus immersion time (S‐type curve) can be fully described by the proposed procedure.
An interactive approach for inverse multiple criteria sorting problem
Authors: Özpeynirci Özgür , Özpeynirci Selin , Mousseau Vincent 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMultiple criteria sorting is the problem of assigning objects that are evaluated on multiple criteria to ordered classes. In inverse multiple criteria sorting problem, the assignment of objects to classes is known. The decision maker (DM) can implement actions to improve the scores of objects on criteria, thus enabling the assignment of objects to better classes.In inverse multiple criteria sorting problems, two types of questions arise: (1) What is the set of actions that will result in the desired classification with minimum cost? and 2) What is the set of actions to obtain the best classification without exceeding a predetermined budget? There exist two versions for each question: (i) Simple version, where the parameters of the sorting method are known and (ii) Robust version, where the parameters are not fully known.In this article, we focus on the case where the DM does not provide any budget limitation or desired classifications a priori. By implementing more actions, that is, by spending more money, better classifications may be obtained. We aim to analyse the trade‐off between cost and classification, and determine the set of actions that will result in the most preferred cost‐classification compromise by the DM. We develop an approach that proceeds interactively with the DM, and determines such most preferred set of actions. The developed approach assumes the simple version and uses MR‐Sort as sorting model. We provide a detailed illustrative example on a real life problem and present the progress of the interactive algorithm.
Spatial Patterns in Relative Abundance and Habitat Use of Adult Gray Snapper off the Southeastern Coast of the United States
Authors: Bacheler Nathan M. , Gillum Zachary D. , Gregalis Kevan C. , Schobernd Christina M. , Schobernd Zebulon H. , Teer Bradford Z. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Gray Snapper Lutjanus griseus is an economically and ecologically important species in the estuarine and coastal environments of the southeastern United States. Previous research has focused primarily on juvenile Gray Snapper due to their accessible inshore distribution and ecological importance, while adults, which often occur offshore and are the main focus of fishing pressure, remain poorly understood. Seven years of baited underwater video data (2011–2017; N =8,379 videos; ~14,000 h of video) were collected along the continental shelf between North Carolina and Florida (~100,000 km2) to better understand the ways in which the relative abundance of Gray Snapper varied by space, time, habitats, and environmental conditions. Adult Gray Snapper were observed on 6.9% of the videos overall, but they were much more commonly observed in Florida (16.9% of the videos) compared with the states that are north of Florida (1.4% of the videos). We used delta-generalized additive models to determine that adult Gray Snapper primarily occurred in high-relief hardbottom sites south of St. Augustine, Florida, in warm water less than 50 m deep, after accounting for imperfect detection on video. Temporal variability was relatively minor despite relatively high precision (the mean annual coefficient of variation = 24%). Fifteen large aggregations of Gray Snapper (i.e., &gt;20 individuals counted on a single frame) were observed on video, but it is unclear whether these aggregations indicated potential spawning aggregation sites. This work provides greater insight into the ecology of Gray Snapper during their important coastal-ocean adult life stage, which will improve their management and conservation.
Integrated Care in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Rajan Roopa , Brennan Laura , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Dahodwala Nabila , Gardner Joan , Goldman Jennifer G. , Grimes David A. , Iansek Robert , Kovács Norbert , McGinley Jennifer , Parashos Sotirios A. , Piemonte Maria E.P. , Eggers Carsten 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundQuality of life in Parkinson's disease (PD) is affected by motor and nonmotor symptoms, necessitating an integrated care approach. Existing care models vary considerably in numerous domains. The objectives of this study were to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of PD integrated care models and develop recommendations for a representative model.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of published integrated care models and a meta‐analysis of randomized, controlled trials examining integrated care versus standard care. The primary outcome was health‐related quality of life using a validated PD scale. We evaluated levels of care integration using the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care.ResultsForty‐eight publications were identified, including 8 randomized, controlled trials with health‐related quality of life data (n = 1,149 total PD patients). Qualitative evaluation of individual care model integration guided by the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care revealed frequent clinical and professional integration, but infrequent organizational and population‐based integration elements. Meta‐analysis of randomized, controlled trials revealed significant heterogeneity (I2 = 90%, P < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis including only outpatient care models (n = 5) indicated homogeneity of effects (I2 = 0%, P = 0.52) and improved health‐related quality of life favoring integrated care, with a small effect size (standardized mean difference [SMD], −0.17; 95% CI, −0.31 to −0.03; P = 0.02).ConclusionsOutpatient integrated PD care models may improve patient‐reported health‐related quality of life compared with standard care; however, because of variable methodological approaches and a high risk of bias related to inherent difficulties in study design (eg, blinding of participants and interventionists), generalizability of these results are difficult to establish. The Rainbow Model of Integrated Care is a promising method of evaluating elements and levels of integration from individual patient care to population health in a PD context. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Determination of mutations in iron regulating genes of beta thalassemia major patients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Shah Maryam , Danish Lubna , Khan Najeeb U. , Zaman Fakhar , Ismail Muhammad , Hussain Mehfooz , Pervaiz Ruqiya , Iqbal Aqib 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepcidin and hemochromatosis (HFE) are iron regulatory proteins that are encoded by HAMP and HFE genes. Mutation in either HAMP gene or HFE gene causes Hepcidin protein deficiency that can lead to iron overload in beta thalassemia patients. The aim of this research work was to study the presence of G71D mutation of HAMP gene and H63D mutation of HFE gene in beta thalassemia major and minor group to check the association of these mutations with serum ferritin level of beta thalassemia patients.MethodsThe study was conducted on 42 beta thalassemia major and 20 beta thalassemia minor samples along with 20 control samples. The genotyping of both mutations has done by ARM‐PCR technique with specific set of primers.ResultsSignificant effect of G71D and H63D mutations was observed on serum ferritin level of thalassemia major group. The risk allele of HAMP G71D and HFE H63D was found with high frequency (48% and 49%, respectively) in beta thalassemia major than in control group. High genotypic frequency of HAMP and HFE gene mutation gene mutation was observed in beta thalassemia major than beta thalassemia minor and control group (7% and 9%, respectively).ConclusionIt can be concluded that both HAMP and HFE gene mutations show high frequency in beta thalassemia major patients and mean significant association between mutations and high serum ferritin level of beta thalassemia major patients but the nonsignificant results of Odd ratios showed that both mutations do not act as major risk factor in beta thalassemia major.
Global stability of a multistrain SIS model with superinfection and patch structure
Authors: Dénes Attila , Muroya Yoshiaki , Röst Gergely 
Published: June 2020

We study the global stability of a multistrain SIS model with superinfection and patch structure. We establish an iterative procedure to obtain a sequence of threshold parameters. By a repeated application of a result by Takeuchi et al. [Nonlinear Anal Real World Appl. 2006;7:235–247], we show that these parameters completely determine the global dynamics of the system: for any number of patches and strains with different infectivities, any subset of the strains can stably coexist depending on the particular choice of the parameters.
“I've been to physical therapy before, but not for the knees.” A qualitative study exploring barriers and facilitators to physical therapy utilization for knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Christiansen Meredith B. , Dix Celeste , Master Hiral , Jakiela Jason T. , Habermann Barbara , Silbernagel Karin G. , White Daniel K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhysical therapy (PT) is recommended to reduce pain and improve function. However, only 10%–15% of adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA) use PT in the United States. The purpose of this study was to explore patient‐reported barriers and facilitators to PT utilization for knee OA, to understand why PT is underutilized.MethodsQualitative descriptive study using semi‐structured interviews was conducted, that is, one‐on‐one phone interviews with adults from local community centers. Participants were eligible if they were fluent in English and self‐reported knee OA (1) over 45 years of age, (2) have activity‐related knee pain, and (3) have no morning stiffness or morning stiffness in the knee(s) for ≤30 min. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed. To identify barriers and facilitators to PT utilization for knee OA, a coding framework, thematic analysis, and a constant comparative approach were used.ResultsOf 22 participants with health insurance and who participated, 59% were considering PT, 23% refused PT, and 18% used PT for knee OA. Themes identified as either barriers or facilitators for participants were (1) previous experience with PT, (2) physician referral, (3) beliefs about treatment efficacy before and after knee replacement surgery, (4) insurance coverage, and (5) preference to avoid surgery.ConclusionA previous positive encounter with PT and a physician referral may facilitate PT utilization for adults with knee OA. Knowledge about and access to PT services were not identified as barriers related to PT utilization. Further research is necessary to confirm findings in a broader group of adults with knee OA.
Homodimerization of a glycoside hydrolase family GH1 β‐glucosidase suggests distinct activity of enzyme different states
Authors: Otsuka Felipe A. M. , Chagas Rafael S. , Almeida Vitor M. , Marana Sandro R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, we investigated how activity and oligomeric state are related in a purified GH1 β‐glucosidase from Spodoptera frugiperda (Sfβgly). Gel filtration chromatography coupled to a multiple angle light scattering detector allowed separation of the homodimer and monomer states and determination of the dimer dissociation constant (KD), which was in the micromolar range. Enzyme kinetic parameters showed that the dimer is on average 2.5‐fold more active. Later, we evaluated the kinetics of homodimerization, scanning the changes in the Sfβgly intrinsic fluorescence over time when the dimer dissociates into the monomer after a large dilution. We described how the rate constant of monomerization (koff) is affected by temperature, revealing the enthalpic and entropic contributions to the process. We also evaluated how the rate constant (kobs) by which equilibrium is reached after dimer dilution behaves when varying the initial Sfβgly concentration. These data indicated that Sfβgly dimerizes through the conformational selection mechanism, in which the monomer undergoes a conformational exchange and then binds to a similar monomer, forming a more active homodimer. Finally, we noted that conformational selection reports and experiments usually rely on a ligand whose concentration is in excess, but for homodimerization, this approach does not hold. Hence, since our approach overcomes this limitation, this study not only is a new contribution to the comprehension of GH1 β‐glucosidases, but it can also help to elucidate protein interaction pathways.
New efficient exponentially weighted moving average variability charts based on auxiliary information
Authors: Abbasi Saddam Akber , Riaz Muhammad , Ahmad Shabbir , Sanusi Ridwan A. , Abid Muhammad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractControl chart is a well‐known tool for monitoring the performance of an ongoing process. The variability of a process is an important parameter that may deteriorate the process performance if it is not taken care on time. In this study, we have proposed some new auxiliary information‐based exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts for improved monitoring of process variability. We employed auxiliary information in some useful forms including ratio, regression, power ratio, ratio exponential, ratio regression, power ratio regression, and ratio exponential regression estimators. The performance of the newly developed charts is evaluated and compared with some existing charts (viz., the NEWMA, the Improved R, the Synthetic R, and the classical R charts), using some useful measures such as average run length (ARL), extra quadratic loss, and relative ARL. The comparative analysis revealed that the proposed charts outperform their counterparts, especially when there is a strong relationship between the study and the auxiliary variables. Finally, an illustrative example is provided for the monitoring of air quality data.
Parametric and nonparametric inference for the reliability of copula‐based stress‐strength models
Authors: de Andrade Bernardo Borba , do Nascimento Alex Rodrigues , Rathie Pushpa Narayan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper provides a general treatment of statistical inference for the reliability in copula‐based stress‐strength models. Most of the current literature is either focused on specific models that yield clean formulas or restricted to estimation and engineering aspects without addressing statistical inference. We present two general frameworks, one parametric, one nonparametric, for the estimation of the reliability. The parametric methodology is presented under the general framework of estimating equations, mostly as a combination of existing methodologies from the fields of multivariate analysis, reliability, and econometrics, with some new results. The nonparametric methodology is a novel application based on an existing bivariate kernel method combined with Monte Carlo estimation of the reliability without specification of the copula or the margins. We present results from a small simulation study designed to assess the robustness of the methods discussed in terms of model misspecification. We used geotechnical data and data from the Brazilian Household Survey to illustrate the proposed methodologies in the estimation of factors of safety and financial fragility.
Ferrocene‐Incorporated Cobalt Sulfide Nanoarchitecture for Superior Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Thangasamy Pitchai , Oh Saewoong , Nam Sanghee , Randriamahazaka Hyacinthe , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHere, ferrocene(Fc)‐incorporated cobalt sulfide (CoxSy) nanostructures directly grown on carbon nanotube (CNT) or carbon fiber (CF) networks for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) using a facile one‐step solvothermal method are reported. The strong synergistic interaction between Fc‐CoxSy nanostructures and electrically conductive CNTs results in the superior electrocatalytic activity with a very small overpotential of ≈304 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a low Tafel slope of 54.2 mV dec−1 in 1 m KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, the Fc‐incorporated CoxSy (FCoS) nanostructures are directly grown on the acid pretreated carbon fiber (ACF), and the resulting fabricated electrode delivers excellent OER performance with a low overpotential of ≈315 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Such superior OER catalytic activity can be attributed to 3D Fc‐CoxSy nanoarchitectures that consist of a high concentration of vertical nanosheets with uniform distribution of nanoparticles that afford a large number of active surface areas and edge sites. Besides, the tight contact interface between ACF substrate and Fc‐CoxSy nanostructures could effectively facilitate the electron transfer rate in the OER. This study provides valuable insights for the rational design of energy storage and conversion materials by the incorporation of other transition metal into metal sulfide/oxide nanostructures utilizing metallocene.
Programming Diffusion and Localization of DNA Signals in 3D‐Printed DNA‐Functionalized Hydrogels
Authors: Müller Julia , Jäkel Anna Christina , Schwarz Dominic , Aufinger Lukas , Simmel Friedrich C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdditive manufacturing enables the generation of 3D structures with predefined shapes from a wide range of printable materials. However, most of the materials employed so far are static and do not provide any intrinsic programmability or pattern‐forming capability. Here, a low‐cost 3D bioprinting approach is developed, which is based on a commercially available extrusion printer that utilizes a DNA‐functionalized bioink, which allows to combine concepts developed in dynamic DNA nanotechnology with additive patterning techniques. Hybridization between diffusing DNA signal strands and immobilized anchor strands can be used to tune diffusion properties of the signals, or to localize DNA strands within the gel in a sequence‐programmable manner. Furthermore, strand displacement mechanisms can be used to direct simple pattern formation processes and to control the availability of DNA sequences at specific locations. To support printing of DNA‐functionalized gel voxels at arbitrary positions, an open source python script that generates machine‐readable code (GCODE) from simple vector graphics input is developed.
Single Iron Site Nanozyme for Ultrasensitive Glucose Detection
Authors: Chen Min , Zhou Huang , Liu Xiaokang , Yuan Tongwei , Wang Wenyu , Zhao Chao , Zhao Yafei , Zhou Fangyao , Wang Xin , Xue Zhenggang , Yao Tao , Xiong Can , Wu Yuen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNanomaterials with enzyme‐mimicking characteristics have engaged great awareness in various fields owing to their comparative low cost, high stability, and large‐scale preparation. However, the wide application of nanozymes is seriously restricted by the relatively low catalytic activity and poor specificity, primarily because of the inhomogeneous catalytic sites and unclear catalytic mechanisms. Herein, a support‐sacrificed strategy is demonstrated to prepare a single iron site nanozyme (Fe SSN) dispersed on the porous N‐doped carbon. With well‐defined coordination structure and high density of active sites, the Fe SSN performs prominent peroxidase‐like activity by efficiently activating H2O2 into hydroxyl radical (•OH) species. Furthermore, the Fe SSN is applied in colorimetric detection of glucose through a multienzyme biocatalytic cascade platform. Moreover, a low‐cost integrated agarose‐based hydrogel colorimetric biosensor is designed and successfully achieves the visualization evaluation and quantitative detection of glucose. This work expands the application of single‐site catalysts in the fields of nanozyme‐based biosensors and personal biomedical diagnosis.
Toward Nontransient Silk Bioelectronics: Engineering Silk Fibroin for Bionic Links
Authors: Patil Anoop C. , Xiong Ze , Thakor Nitish V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSilk fibroin holds promise a new generation of soft bioelectronics due to its excellent biocompatibility, tailorable biodegradability, and an impressive set of mechanical properties. Silk can be expressed in different material forms, providing many options for integrating silk with implantable sensors and devices. So far, silk has mainly driven the development of resorbable interfaces for in vivo applications. However, the pursuit of nontransient (water‐stable) silk bioelectronics is interdisciplinary, requiring unconventional techniques for integrating silk with thin sensing and conducting materials in a non‐resorbable package. This convergence of need, know‐how, and the potential impact on implantable applications point to the huge potential of silk in refashioning the field of bionic links. This report begins with a general overview of the bionic link, defined as the electronic link between the biological (neural) tissue and the interface electronics. Then, the prominent trends in the use of silk fibroin for designing bionic links (inclusive of transient sensors and devices, and soft conformal nontransient tissue interfaces), key fabrication strategies, and applications are analyzed, followed by a highlight of the material aspects driving the maturity of nontransient silk fibroin technology for implantable bioelectronics.