bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I don’t do it for myself, I do it for them”: A grounded theory study of South Asians’ experiences of making lifestyle change after myocardial infarction
Authors: Dilla Davis , Ian Jones , Martin Johnson , Michelle Howarth , Felicity Astin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore South Asians’ experience of choosing and prioritising lifestyle changes during their recovery from first myocardial infarction.BackgroundCoronary heart disease continues to be a leading cause of premature death globally. South Asians’ suffer increased risk of coronary heart disease and have poorer outcomes following myocardial infarction compared to other ethnic groups. Lifestyle modification slows atherosclerosis, and models of behaviour change have been proposed to support such changes. However, little is known about the experiences of South Asians’ when attempting to modify their lifestyle.DesignConstructivist grounded theory design, using longitudinal, face‐to‐face, semistructured in‐depth interviews. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research checklist were used to report the study.MethodA series of in‐depth interviews with a purposive sample of South Asian patients were conducted at 3 and 16 weeks following hospital discharge. Transcripts were analysed line by line with focused and theoretical coding using the constant comparative method and memo writing. Data collection and analysis occurred simultaneously.ResultsThree categories characterised the findings. First, patronage of the family, referring to the role that family played in supporting recovery. Conflict often existed between the needs of the family and the individual with the family needs taking priority resulting in lifestyle modifications being abandoned. Second, conforming to beliefs, which explain how religious and health beliefs influenced decisions. Third, affinity towards one's group which refers to the conflictual nature afforded by social norms. The need for “harmony” was identified as the substantive theory. Decisions about choosing and prioritising lifestyle changes were based on what helped participants to maintain harmony in their life rather than meeting individual health needs.ConclusionSouth Asians’ choose and prioritise lifestyle changes after first myocardial infarction against a backdrop of competing religious, cultural and family beliefs.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis paper illustrates that South Asians attempt to balance their individual needs with their family goals, cultural priorities and their religious beliefs when attempting to adopt a healthy lifestyle post myocardial infarction. We propose a model of shared priority setting as a means of promoting behaviour change with South Asians.
Caring for the carers in a public health district: A well‐being initiative to support healthcare professionals
Authors: Almeida Shamika , Bowden Alera , Bloomfield Jason , Jose Besty , Wilson Valerie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo assess the impact of the proactive organisational resource allocation in terms of a 6‐week well‐being initiative to support public healthcare professionals' workplace engagement, well‐being and job satisfaction.BackgroundBurnout of healthcare professionals can be a major cost to the Australian economy and public healthcare sector. According to the social exchange theory, when healthcare professionals perceive that their organisation proactively allocates resources to caring for its employees, then they are more likely to reciprocate and become more engaged in their work roles.DesignThe study used a pre‐ and postsurvey of healthcare professionals who participated in the well‐being initiative.MethodsBetween February–June 2019, 172 healthcare professionals were surveyed before and after a well‐being initiative. The survey included questions on workplace engagement, workplace well‐being and job satisfaction. Paired t tests were used to determine whether the difference between before and after averages was significant. The TREND statement was used to ensure the quality reporting of this study.ResultsThe well‐being initiative had a positive impact on the healthcare professionals involved in the initiative. Nursing staff benefitted the most from the well‐being initiative, while the full‐time staff members and highly experienced demonstrated an increase in engagement.ConclusionWell‐being initiatives can be a targeted strategy to help alleviate burnout amongst healthcare professionals and build a mutually beneficial relationship between management and employees.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study shows how implementing a staff well‐being initiative increases workplace engagement, which benefits both the individual and the organisation.
Pieris brassicae eggs trigger interplant systemic acquired resistance against a foliar pathogen in Arabidopsis
Authors: Orlovskis Zigmunds , Reymond Philippe 
Published: July 2020

Summary

Recognition of plant pathogens or herbivores activate a broad‐spectrum plant defense priming in distal leaves against potential future attacks, leading to systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Additionally, attacked plants can release aerial or below‐ground signals that trigger defense responses, such as SAR, in neighboring plants lacking initial exposure to pathogen or pest elicitors. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in interplant defense signal generation in sender plants and decoding in neighboring plants are not fully understood.

We previously reported that Pieris brassicae eggs induce intraplant SAR against the foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we extend this effect to neighboring plants by discovering an egg‐induced interplant SAR via mobile root‐derived signal(s).

The generation of an egg‐induced interplant SAR signal requires pipecolic acid (Pip) pathway genes ALD1 and FMO1 but occurs independently of salicylic acid (SA) accumulation in sender plants. Furthermore, reception of the signal leads to accumulation of SA in the recipient plants.

In response to insect eggs, plants may induce interplant SAR to prepare for potential pathogen invasion following feeding‐induced wounding or to keep neighboring plants healthy for hatching larvae. Our results highlight a previously uncharacterized below‐ground plant‐to‐plant signaling mechanism and reveals genetic components required for its generation.
Oral rehabilitation in a patient with Jeune syndrome presenting with multiple teeth agenesis
Authors: Mira Paôla Caroline da Silva , Arid Juliana , Paula‐Silva Francisco Wanderley Garcia , de Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino , de Carvalho Fabricio Kitazono , Pagnano Valéria Oliveira 
Published: July 2020

AbstractJeune syndrome (JS) is a rare disease, with systemic manifestations, such as renal and hepatic insufficiency, retinal pigmentation, and respiratory insufficiency. Etiological factors have not been completely elucidated, but the molecular biology has contributed to the diagnosis and understanding of JS with DNA sequencing, showing the association among polymorphisms in different genes DYNC2H1 (MIM 603297) and TCTEX1D2 (MIM617353), which are the main genes associated with JS. There are a few reports on buccal findings in these patients; here, we present dental anomalies and clinical oral findings in a patient with JS, focusing on a multidisciplinary approach for rehabilitation. A 15‐year‐old boy with JS was referred to our dental clinic. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed the presence of dental agenesis, taurodontism, and geographic tongue with lobulations. The treatment plan consisted of preventive, restorative, surgical, and oral rehabilitation. We observed that the treatment improved the patient's quality of life owing to improved functions, maintenance of oral health, and above all, self‐esteem. Clinical findings in this case may contribute to a better characterization of JS and other ciliopathies.
Integrating handover curricula in medical school
Authors: Sheng Jim , Manjunath Sonakshi , Michael Meghan , Gajera Prakash , Wang Eric , Sendelbach Dorothy , Greilich Philip , Ambardekar Aditee 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundTransitions of care are a patient‐safety priority. Constructs such as SBAR (situation, background, assessment, recommendation) and I‐PASS (illness severity, patient summary, action list, situation awareness, synthesis by receiver) have been used to teach the benefit of structured handovers and have demonstrated an impact in simulated and clinical environments. Despite this, there is still a lack of literature describing handover training for medical students that allows early and sustained knowledge and skill acquisition.MethodsWe designed a curriculum to teach handovers to medical students that spanned 28 months of a 4‐year medical education curriculum at a large medical school. The curriculum included two separate workshops that book‐ended medical student core clerkships. The curriculum was evaluated via knowledge‐based surveys and open‐ended feedback from students.ResultsTwo‐hundred and forty students participated in the first ‘Transition to clerkship’ (T2C) workshop. There was improvement in the mean scores on a knowledge‐based survey after the workshop (p < 0.001). The overall improvement in performance remained significant 1 year later (p < 0.001). Following the second, ‘Residency essentials’ (RE) workshop, students demonstrated marginal improvement in knowledge when compared with scores immediately post‐T2C and pre‐RE. There was overall improvement from pre‐T2C to post RE.DiscussionWe outline the design and facilitation of two workshops for a large medical school class, as book‐ended curricula before and after the clerkship phase of education. This project highlights the need for targeted learning and practice in handover delivery during clinical rotations to maintain and continually improve skills. We describe vertically integrated curricula that are logistically plausible, meaningful and beneficial.
Anti‐CD40 monoclonal antibody ameliorates experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in mice
Authors: Xu Lei , Gao Jie , Pan Yongquan , Tian Na , He Mingzhong , Jin Lei , Chen Feilan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of CD40 on ocular inflammation in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in B10.RIII mice.Animals studiedEAU‐susceptible B10.RIII mice were subcutaneously immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid‐binding protein (IRBP) 161‐180 in complete Freund's adjuvant and evaluated clinically and pathologically on days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 postimmunization. Anti‐CD40 antibody was intraperitoneally injected into mice every other day from days 7 to 14 postimmunization. Phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS)‐injected EAU mice were used as the controls.ProceduresThe frequencies of CD11c+CD40+ dendritic cells (DCs), CD11c+MHC‐II+ DCs, and CD11c+CD40+MHC‐II+ DCs in splenocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 after immunization. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐6 production in CD11c+ DCs was assessed by ELISA. IRBP‐specific lymphocyte proliferation was assessed using a modified MTT cell proliferation assay.ResultsThe number of CD11c+CD40+ DCs, CD11c+MHC‐II+ DCs, and CD11c+CD40+MHC‐II+ DCs increased at the onset of EAU, peaked at the height of disease severity, and was sustained at a high level until day 21. Treatment with anti‐CD40 antibody significantly alleviated clinical and pathological activities related to EAU. Compared with the control mice, antibody‐treated EAU mice showed few CD11c+CD40+ DC and CD11c+CD40+MHC‐II+ DC frequencies in splenocytes. The anti‐CD40 antibody significantly suppressed IRBP‐specific lymphocyte proliferation and TNF‐α and IL‐6 production by DCs in EAU mice.ConclusionsThe increased expression of CD40 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules in the splenocytes of EAU mice were correlated with inflammatory activity. Anti‐CD40 treatment can significantly attenuate EAU activity by inhibiting systemic IRBP‐specific immune responses.
Health Status Analysis and Optimization of Load Dispatch for Power Plant Boiler
Authors: Huang Shuang , Yang Yujiu , Huang Biqing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Boiler is the main equipment of thermal power station. We established a health status evaluation model for the boiler’s superheater through a fuzzy comprehensive hierarchy analysis. Then, we explored the load-damage characteristic curve for ten boilers’ superheaters. Based on this, we aim to minimize the total damage of boilers in the thermal power station through load dispatch. Considering the start-stop state of all the boilers in one plant station, a heuristic Binary Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm for the Unit Commitment load dispatch model is put forward. The algorithm is proved valid to search the feasible particle both in efficiency and effectiveness in the ten-boilers system in 24 h period.
The utility of ketones at triage: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Durnin Sheena , Jones Jennifer , Ryan Emer , Howard Ruth , Walsh Sean , Dawkins Ian , Blackburn Carol , O'Donnell Sinead M , Barrett Michael J 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo establish the relationship between serum point-of-care (POC) ketones at triage and moderate-to-severe dehydration based on the validated Gorelick Scales.Design, setting and patientsProspective unblinded study from April 2016 to February 2017 in a paediatric emergency department. Patients aged 1 month to 5 years, with vomiting and/or diarrhoea and/or decreased intake with signs of moderate or severe dehydration or clinical concern for hypoglycaemia were eligible.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was to describe the relationship between triage POC ketones to the two Gorelick Scales. Secondary outcomes were to examine the response of ketone levels to fluid/glucose administration and patient disposition.ResultsOne-hundred and ninety-eight patients were included; median age 1.8 years. The median triage ketones were 4.6 (IQR 2.8–5.6) mmol/L. A weak correlation was identified between triage ketones and the 10-point Gorelick Scale (Spearman’s ρ=0.217, p=0.002), however no correlation between triage ketones and the 4-point Gorelick Scale was identified. Those admitted had median triage ketones of 5.2 (IQR 4–6) mmol/L and repeat ketones of 4.6 (IQR 3.3–5.7) mmol/L compared with 4.2 (IQR 2.4–5.3) mmol/L and 2.9 (IQR 1.6–4.2) mmol/L in those discharged home.ConclusionNo correlation between triage POC ketones and the 4-point Gorelick Scale was established. POC ketones at triage have poor accuracy for predicting hospital admission. The elevated profile of POC ketones in non-diabetic children with acute illness suggests a potential target of tailored treatments for further research.
Classification of pachychoroid disease on ultrawide-field indocyanine green angiography using auto-machine learning platform
Authors: Kim In Ki , Lee Kook , Park Jae Hyun , Baek Jiwon , Lee Won Ki 
Published: July 2020

AimsAutomatic identification of pachychoroid maybe used as an adjunctive method to confirm the condition and be of help in treatment for macular diseases. This study investigated the feasibility of classifying pachychoroid disease on ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography (UWF ICGA) images using an automated machine-learning platform.MethodsTwo models were trained with a set including 783 UWF ICGA images of patients with pachychoroid (n=376) and non-pachychoroid (n=349) diseases using the AutoML Vision (Google). Pachychoroid was confirmed using quantitative and qualitative choroidal morphology on multimodal imaging by two retina specialists. Model 1 used the original and Model 2 used images of the left eye horizontally flipped to the orientation of the right eye to increase accuracy by equalising the mirror image of the right eye and left eye. The performances were compared with those of human experts.ResultsIn total, 284, 279 and 220 images of central serous chorioretinopathy, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and neovascular age-related maculopathy were included. The precision and recall were 87.84% and 87.84% for Model 1 and 89.19% and 89.19% for Model 2, which were comparable to the results of the retinal specialists (90.91% and 95.24%) and superior to those of ophthalmic residents (68.18% and 92.50%).ConclusionsAuto machine-learning platform can be used in the classification of pachychoroid on UWF ICGA images after careful consideration for pachychoroid definition and limitation of the platform including unstable performance on the medical image.
Is there an association between long-term antibiotics for acne and subsequent infection sequelae and antimicrobial resistance? A systematic review protocol
Authors: Bhate Ketaki , Lin Liang-Yu , Barbieri John , Leyrat Clémence , Hopkins Susan , Stabler Richard , Shallcross Laura , Smeeth Liam , Francis Nick A , Mathur Rohini , Langan Sinéad M , Sinnott Sarah-Jo 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health emergency. Acne vulgaris is a highly prevalent condition and the dominant role antibiotics play in its treatment is a major concern. Antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of acne predominantly for their anti-inflammatory effect, hence their use in acne may not be optimal. Tetracyclines and macrolides are the two most common oral antibiotic classes prescribed, and their average use can extend from a few months to several years of intermittent or continuous use. The overall aim of this systematic review is to elucidate what is known about oral antibiotics for acne contributing to antibiotic treatment failure and AMR.Methods and analysisA systematic review will be conducted to address the question: What is the existing evidence that long-term oral antibiotics used to treat acne in those over 8 years of age contribute towards antibiotic treatment failure or other outcomes suggestive of the impact of AMR? We will search the following databases: Embase, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Search terms will be developed in collaboration with a librarian by identifying keywords from relevant articles and by undertaking pilot searches. Randomised controlled trials, cohort and case-controlled studies conducted in any healthcare setting and published in any language will be included. The searches will be re-run prior to final analyses to capture the recent literature. The Cochrane tool for bias assessment in randomised trials and ROBINS-I for the assessment of bias in non-randomised studies will be used to assess the risk of bias of included studies. GRADE will be used to make an overall assessment of the quality of evidence. A meta-analysis will be undertaken of the outcome measures if the individual studies are sufficiently homogeneous. If a meta-analysis is not possible, a qualitative assessment will be presented as a narrative review.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this systematic-review. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and any deviations from the protocol will be clearly documented in the published manuscript of the full systematic-review.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019121738.
Incidence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in an overweight and obese population: a long-term retrospective cohort study from a Gulf state
Authors: Regmi Dybesh , Al-Shamsi Saif , Govender Romona D. , Al Kaabi Juma 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesA high body mass index (BMI) is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is experiencing a marked increase in obesity. Nonetheless, no data are available regarding the incidence of type 2 DM in the high-risk adult UAE population. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the incidence rate and risk of developing type 2 DM among individuals with above-normal BMI in the UAE.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingOutpatient clinics at a tertiary care centre in Al Ain, UAE.ParticipantsThree hundred and sixty-two overweight or obese adult UAE nationals who visited outpatient clinics between April 2008 and December 2008.Primary outcome measurePatients with type 2 DM were identified based on diagnosis established by a physician or through glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥6.5% during the follow-up period (until April 2018).ResultsThe overall incidence rate of type 2 DM during the median follow-up time of 8.7 years was 16.3 (95% CI 12.1 to 21.4) cases per 1000 person-years. Incidence rates in men and women were 17.7 (95% CI 11.6 to 25.9) and 15.0 (95% CI 9.8 to 22.2) cases per 1000 person-years, respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis determined older age and obesity in women and pre-diabetes in men to be independent risk factors for developing type 2 DM.ConclusionsThe incidence rate of type 2 DM in overweight and obese UAE nationals is high. In addition to screening, current strategies should strongly emphasise lifestyle modifications to decrease HbA1c and BMI levels in this high-risk population.
Knowledge and attitude of healthcare professionals to frailty screening in primary care: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Okpechi Ijeoma , Randhawa Gurch , Hewson David 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionFrailty is an increasingly common condition in which physiological decline as a result of accumulated deficits renders older people more vulnerable to adverse outcomes. An increasing range of frailty screening programmes have been introduced in primary care to identify frail older people in order to deliver appropriate interventions. However, limited information on the knowledge and attitude of healthcare professionals (HCPs) with respect to frailty screening is known. The aim of this systematic review is to provide evidence on the knowledge and attitude of HCP in terms of frailty screening, and potentially identify barriers and facilitators to frailty screening to improve implementation of frailty screening in primary care.Methods/designA systematic review of qualitative research will be conducted. Databases searched will be MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO and Web of Science from January 2001 to August 2019. Methods will be reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Population, interest, context and study design methodology was used to develop inclusion and exclusion criteria with HCPs as population, frailty screening as interest and knowledge or attitude of HCPs to frailty screening as context. Studies with a qualitative methodology or a mixed-method design where the qualitative component is analysed separately will also be included. Quality appraisal will be carried out using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool for qualitative studies. Data will be extracted from each selected study with thematic framework analysis used to synthesise findings.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review does not require ethical approval as primary data will not be collected. The findings will be disseminated at conferences and in a relevant academic journal. This review will assist HCPs and relevant stakeholders to tackle the challenges of frailty screening in primary care.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019159007.