bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International migration of entrepreneurs and the emergence of economic development traps
Authors: Fan Zhaobin , Anwar Sajid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the link between the emigration of entrepreneurs and the emergence of economic development traps, which has not received much attention in the existing literature. We develop a theoretical model, where the economy is divided into a traditional and a modern sector. Entrepreneurs establish firms in the modern sector to produce varieties of differentiated goods. Positive spillover effects exist in the modern sector. We show that the emigration of entrepreneurs can cause economic development traps, where the productivity of the modern sector remains low, and more importantly, the economy is stuck in the traditional structure. In the typical case, the development traps exhibit strong history dependence. Under certain conditions, regardless of the initial endowment of entrepreneurs, economic development traps are unavoidable. By examining the effect of government policy intervention to correct the market failure arising from spillover effects, our study also provides a theoretical foundation for government policies used by some developed countries to attract foreign entrepreneurs.
Preschoolers exhibit greater on‐task behavior following physically active lessons on the approximate number system
Authors: McGowan Amanda L. , Ferguson David P. , Gerde Hope K. , Pfeiffer Karin A. , Pontifex Matthew B. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo determine how the dual‐task nature of incorporating physical activity with instructional activities immediately impacts acuity of the approximate number system and on‐task behavior in preschoolers.MethodsUsing a randomized within‐participants repeated‐measures crossover design, 51 children completed an approximate number system task before and after either 20‐min of physically active instruction corresponding to 38% heart rate reserve (HRR; light‐to‐moderate intensity) or conventional sedentary instruction at corresponding to 21% HRR (very light intensity).ResultsFindings revealed that preschool‐aged children exhibited similar learning and greater on‐task behavior following a single bout of physically active instruction relative to conventional sedentary instruction. Overall, preschoolers accrued 931.3 ± 8.2 more steps and an additional 9 minutes at or above light‐intensity activity during the physically active instruction.ConclusionAccordingly, these findings suggest that the dual‐task nature of physically active learning does not compromise learning, reduces the need for redirecting off‐task behavior, and ultimately allows children to avoid sedentary behavior in educational contexts.
Safety nets in (the) crisis: The case of Greece in the 2010s
Authors: Matsaganis Manos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with the question of how the social safety net in Greece responded to, and was transformed by, the social emergency of the 2010s. The outbreak of the Eurozone crisis caught Greek welfare woefully unprepared for what was to come. Thereafter, as the recession fuelled the “demand” for social protection, the austerity reduced its “supply.” Nevertheless, this is not a straightforward case of austerity predictably causing welfare retrenchment or dismantling. Stringent budgets and policy inertia did result in reduced provision and diminished capacity to protect. Yet significant progress towards a less parochial and more effective social safety net also took place. The paper is an attempt to bring out the complexity and contradictions of recent developments. It concludes that the system of social protection that has emerged from the crisis is undoubtedly leaner, less robust in core policy areas such as pensions and health, but also more effective in protecting against extreme poverty than ever before.
An ‘authentic’ Aboriginal product: State marketing and the self‐fashioning of Indigenous experiences to Chinese tourists
Authors: Boag Courtney J. , Martin Richard J. , Bell Damein 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChina's burgeoning outbound tourist market has become a priority for Australian tourism, with national and state tourism reports advocating for ‘China‐ready’ marketing, policy and planning and increased industry training around Chinese consumer behaviour and preferences to capitalise on this market. However, studies demonstrate that Chinese tourists are generally not interested in Indigenous tourism experiences. Nevertheless, the state of Victoria is adamant about investing in Indigenous‐themed tourism products which are considered appropriate for Chinese preferences in an attempt to attract tourists from this growing inbound market. This article presents a review of relevant state government policies relating to Indigenous tourism alongside a case study of the tourism experiences developed and provided by Gunditjmara people along the Budj Bim Cultural Landscape in southwest Victoria. We demonstrate the ways that notions of ‘authenticity’ continue to shape, and constrain, Indigenous economic engagement and participation via tourism, and discuss the impact of these notions on the provision of Indigenous tourism products and experiences for Chinese and other visitors. We argue that the marketing of Gunditjmara tourism to fluctuating market demand highlights the arbitrariness of Australian governments' policies with respect to Indigenous development, and call for policymakers to focus renewed attention on the local aspirations of Indigenous entrepreneurs.
Mind the gap: Encountering contemporary art through play
Authors: Scott David J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractKnowing how to approach and experience contemporary art is a challenge to many people outside the art world. Emerging contemporary art, as the newest of this genre, is often the most challenging. This article recounts my own early struggles as a researcher in this field, and proposes a way of understanding the interaction between artist, artwork and perceiver based on my observations of how contemporary artists encounter each others' work. I argue that contemporary art, and especially emerging contemporary art, creates a space to play by creating an intentional gap in the physical form and/or the semantic structure of the artwork. The object of play is the co‐investigation of an idea initiated by the artist, facilitated by the form of the work and furthered by the encounter. Play, it is argued, is essential to emerging contemporary art as an activity, a communicative frame and a disposition. I draw from earlier theoretical connections between art, play and liberation, challenging some of these assertions, and bringing others into relevance in the contemporary context.
Pasifika diaspora connectivity and continuity with Pacific homelands: Material culture and spatial behaviour in Brisbane
Authors: Faleolo Ruth (Lute) 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an interesting discussion and analysis of Pasifika (specifically Tongan and Samoan) migrants in Brisbane, and the diverse adaptive cultural practices they use to promote a sense of wellbeing and cultural continuity in diaspora contexts. Pacific Island migrant perspectives of wellbeing and worldviews are linked to their spatial behaviour and material cultural adaptations within places like Brisbane. The characteristics of the Brisbane urban landscape create the material cultural adaptations that have been observed in diaspora contexts, including places of dwelling, community and church gatherings. They are commonly displayed during family or community events, in both private and public spaces. In order to understand the significance of material cultural adaptations we must also consider the underpinnings of the materials and templates used within context. Preliminary qualitative findings have been drawn from a wider‐scale research project that has explored Pasifika migrants (of Samoan and Tongan descent) perceptions and experiences of wellbeing during 2015‒2018. This inquiry has rendered significant evidence of cultural values and identity elements originating from Samoa and Tonga and retained by generations of Brisbane‐based Pacific Islanders, through adapted material culture and shared spatial behaviour.
Indexical Signs and Artistic, Political and Historical Complexity
Authors: Malagón‐kurka María Margarita , Echeverri Clemencia , Franco Beatriz Eugenia Vallejo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractArtists, political scientists and art historians share with other professionals the challenge of apprehending and comprehending the complexity of the realities they address in their work. The co‐authors of our article coincide in the prominence they give to disturbing indexical signs (i.e., indications and traces of trauma and normalization in people, in political processes and works of art), as keys of interpretation and problematizing at the basis of their art works, their social work and their historic and political research. They address the challenges and questions they face when interacting with the multiple dimensions inherent to the complex human behaviours, theoretical concepts and artistic statements on which they focus. Finally, they discuss possible aesthetic, ethical and philosophical implications of their proposals and perspectives.
Pathogen‐specific risk of seizure in children with moderate‐to‐severe diarrhoea: Case control study with follow‐up
Authors: Afroze Farzana , Das Sumon Kumar , Ahmed Shahnawaz , Sarmin Monira , Shaly Nusrat Jahan , Khan Soroar Hossain , Shahid Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin , Shahrin Lubaba , Saha Haimanti , Alam Tahmina , Faruque Abu Syed Golam , Shahunja K. M. , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the pathogen‐specific risk of seizure in under‐five children hospitalised with moderate‐to‐severe diarrhoea (MSD) in rural settings.MethodThis was a prospective case–control study with follow‐up, conducted in a sentinel facility of Global Enteric Multicenter Study in Mirzapur, a rural community of Bangladesh between 2007 and 2010. Children aged 0–59 months who presented with MSD and seizure constituted the cases whereas those who did not have seizure comprised the controls. MSD was defined if the episodes were associated with dehydration or dysentery or required hospitalisation with diarrhoea or dysentery. All enrolled children were followed up at home within 50–90 days of enrolment. A total of 64 cases and 128 randomly selected controls formed the analysable dataset.ResultsThe result of logistic regression analysis after adjusting for potential confounders revealed that shigellosis (Shigella species, OR = 5.34, 95% CI = 2.37–12.04) particularly S. flexneri (OR = 3.34, 95% CI = 1.48–7.57), S. flexneri 6 (OR = 23.24, 95% CI = 2.79–193.85), S. sonnei (OR = 6.90, 95% CI = 2.34–19.85); norovirus (OR = 6.77, 95% CI = 1.69–27.11), fever (OR = 16.75, 95% CI = 1.81–154.70) and loss of consciousness (OR = 35.25, 95% CI = 1.71–726.20) were the independent risk factors for seizure in MSD children. At enrolment, cases had lower WHZ (P = 0.006) compared to their peers, follow‐up anthropometrics showed significant improvement in WHZ (P < 0.001) and WAZ (P < 0.05), whereas deterioration in HAZ (P < 0.001) in both cases and controls.ConclusionChildhood MSD episodes particularly due to Shigella and norovirus are often associated with seizure. Prompt identification and appropriate management of children with shigellosis may reduce occurrence and adverse consequences of seizure linked with MSD.
Inheritance of fomesafen and imazethapyr resistance in a multiple herbicide‐resistant Euphorbia heterophylla population
Authors: Brusamarello Antonio P. , Oliveira Paulo H. , Trezzi Michelangelo M. , Finatto Taciane , Pagnoncelli Fortunato D. B. , Vidal Ribas A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEuphorbia heterophylla populations endued with resistance to both imazethapyr (an acetolactate synthase inhibitor) and fomesafen (a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor) were first detected in Brazil in 2004. The objectives of this study were to determine the number and dominance of genes conferring imazethapyr and fomesafen resistance in E. heterophylla and to establish the types of inheritance of the resistance traits. It was hypothesised that two dominant nuclear genes control this herbicide resistance and each gene confers resistance to a single herbicide. We crossed a susceptible (S) and a multiple‐resistant (R) E. heterophylla biotype and generated F1 families which, in turn, were self‐fertilised to produce F2 families. Backcrosses of the F1 families with the S‐ and R parental biotypes resulted in BCs and BCr families respectively. The F1, F2, BCs and BCr families and the S and R parental biotypes were subjected to imazethapyr and fomesafen wherein each herbicide was used as a selecting agent. F1 plants and the S‐ and R parental biotypes were used to evaluate the dominance of the resistance trait in multiple‐dose bioassays with imazethapyr and fomesafen. The observed frequencies of resistant plants in the F1, F2, BCs and BCr families did not significantly differ from the expected frequencies for a resistance trait regulated by two dominant genes in which each gene confers resistance to a single herbicide. The lack of difference in herbicide response between the F1 family and the R parental biotype was taken as evidence for completely dominant resistance to imazethapyr and fomesafen. Herbicide resistance in E. heterophylla presents with dominant monogenic nuclear inheritance for each herbicide mode of action. Our findings underscore the necessity and urgency of adopting integrated strategies to control E. heterophylla and to inhibit the evolution of new herbicide‐resistant strains.
System Reliability Analysis With Second-Order Saddlepoint Approximation
Authors: Wu Hao , Du Xiaoping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe second-order saddlepoint approximation (SOSPA) has been used for component reliability analysis for higher accuracy than the traditional second-order reliability method (SORM). This work extends the second-order saddlepoint approximation (SPA) to system reliability analysis. The joint distribution of all the component responses is approximated by a multivariate normal distribution. To maintain high accuracy of the approximation, the proposed method employs the second-order SPA to accurately generate the marginal distributions of the component responses; to simplify computations and achieve high efficiency, the proposed method estimates the covariance matrix of the multivariate normal distribution with the first-order approximation to the component responses. Examples demonstrate the high effectiveness of the second-order SPA method for system reliability analysis.
Sliding Mode Control for Discrete-Time Chaotic Systems With Input Nonlinearity
Authors: Pai Ming-Chang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a novel discrete-time sliding mode control (DSMC) for a general class of discrete-time chaotic systems with input nonlinearity and uncertainties. Unlike the conventional sliding mode control (SMC), the sliding surface is constructed by applying the eigenvalue assignment method to the overall system in discrete-time domain, not to the reduced system on the sliding mode in continue-time domain. The design of sliding surface and the existence of quasi-sliding mode are two significant issues, which have been addressed. The stability of the overall closed-loop system is guaranteed. In addition, the undesirable chattering phenomenon and the reaching phase are eliminated. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Electro-Thermal Codesign Methodology of an On-Board Electric Vehicle Charger
Authors: Tayyara Omri , Silva Carlos Da , Nasr Miad , Assadi Amir , Gupta Kshitij , Trescases Olivier , Amon Cristina H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Significant advances are needed to optimize the charging speed, reliability, safety, and cost of today's conservatively designed electric vehicle (EV) charging systems. The design and optimization of these novel engineering systems require concurrent consideration of thermal and electrical phenomena, as well as component and system level dynamics and control to guarantee reliable continuous operation, scalability, and minimum footprint. This work addresses the concurrent thermal and electrical design constraints in a high-density, on-board, bidirectional charger with vehicle-to-grid (V2G), grid-to-vehicle (G2V), vehicle-to-house (V2H), and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) power transfer capabilities. The electrical design of this charger consists of DC–DC and DC–AC power stages connected in series. The power-stage circuits are implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB) with 16 surface-mount silicon carbide MOSFETs, three inductors, and one transformer. The main goal of this work is to investigate the interplay between the cooling architecture and the PCB layout, and the corresponding impact on the heat dissipation and parasitic inductance. This work compares the performance of three generations of this multifunctional charger that employ different design methodologies and proposes high-level design guidelines derived from multiphysics simulations and experimental tests.
Past hot fluid flows in limestones detected by Δ47–(U-Pb) and not recorded by other geothermometers
Authors: Brigaud Benjamin , Bonifacie Magali , Pagel Maurice , Blaise Thomas , Calmels Damien , Haurine Frédéric , Landrein Philippe 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Geothermometers are commonly used to reconstruct the diagenetic and thermal history of rocks. However, characterizing the timing, origin, and temperature of paleofluid flow remains challenging because it must be assessed indirectly through the analysis of microscopic cements that precipitate and fill intergranular spaces during fluid circulation. Here, we measure both the clumped isotope (Δ47) temperature and in situ U-Pb age of individual diagenetic calcite cements within a sedimentary section of the Paris Basin (France), whose thermal history has been previously inferred to be &lt;60 °C. We show that cementation occurred during two stages associated with major events at the western European lithospheric scale: (1) the Bay of Biscay rifting (Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous), and (2) north-south Pyrenean compression (Eocene) followed by east-west extension during the European Cenozoic rift system event (Oligocene). Related to both events, we report unexpectedly hot fluids, up to 110 °C, contrasting with the lower temperatures inferred from other geothermometers (e.g., fluid inclusions, clay minerals, apatite fission tracks, maturity of organic matter by Rock-Eval pyrolysis, or vitrinite reflectance). These high temperatures (&gt;70 °C) have been measured for calcite cements containing single-phase aqueous fluid inclusions, challenging the commonly accepted assertion that the absence of nucleation of a vapor phase indicates crystallization at low temperature (∼&lt;70 °C). We suggest that the kinetics of mineralization events prevented the recording of short-lived hot fluid flows by other geothermometers.
Long-term effect of YAG laser iridotomy on corneal endothelium in primary angle closure suspects: a 72-month randomised controlled study
Authors: Liao Chimei , Zhang Jian , Jiang Yuzhen , Huang Shengsong , Aung Tin , Foster Paul J , Friedman David , He Mingguang 
Published: May 2020

PurposesTo evaluate the effect of YAG laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) on corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and morphology in primary angle closure suspects (PACS) over 72 months.MethodsThe Zhongshan Angle Closure Prevention Trial is a single-centre randomised controlled trial. Subjects with bilateral PACS received YAG LPI prophylactic treatment in one eye randomly, while the fellow eye served as control. Central corneal ECD and morphology were assessed using non-contact specular microscopy (SP-2000P, Topcon) at baseline, 6, 18, 36, 54 and 72 months postoperatively. Mixed model analysis was conducted to compare the difference between treated and fellow eyes.ResultsA total of 875 participants were included, with a mean age of 59.3±5.0 years and 83.5% female. The ECD declined significantly (p<0.001) over time in both treated and fellow eyes, but the treated eyes showed more progressive cell loss with increasing time (p<0.001). The difference in ECD loss between LPI-treated and fellow eyes was not significant at each follow-up until 72 months (4.9% in LPI eyes vs 4.2% in non-LPI eyes, p=0.003). Mean cell areas increased significantly over time in both treated and fellow eyes (p<0.001), but no longitudinal change was observed for hexagonality. In LPI-treated eyes, no significant correlation was found between age, gender, ocular biometrics, intraocular pressure and laser settings with endothelium change, except for time effect (p<0.01).ConclusionECD decreases over time primarily due to ageing effect. YAG LPI does not appear to cause clinically significant corneal endothelial damage over 72 months after treatment.Trial registration numberISRCTN45213099.
Thrombolysis with alteplase 3–4.5 hours after acute ischaemic stroke: trial reanalysis adjusted for baseline imbalances
Authors: Alper Brian Scott , Foster Gary , Thabane Lehana , Rae-Grant Alex , Malone-Moses Meghan , Manheimer Eric 
Published: May 2020

Objectives
Alteplase is commonly recommended for acute ischaemic stroke within 4.5 hours after stroke onset. The Third European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS III) is the only trial reporting statistically significant efficacy for clinical outcomes for alteplase use 3–4.5 hours after stroke onset. However, baseline imbalances in history of prior stroke and stroke severity score may confound this apparent finding of efficacy. We reanalysed the ECASS III trial data adjusting for baseline imbalances to determine the robustness or sensitivity of the efficacy estimates.

Design
Reanalysis of randomised placebo-controlled trial. We obtained access to the ECASS III trial data and replicated the previously reported analyses to confirm our understanding of the data. We adjusted for baseline imbalances using multivariable analyses and stratified analyses and performed sensitivity analysis for missing data.

Setting
Emergency care.

Participants
821 adults with acute ischaemic stroke who could be treated 3–4.5 hours after symptom onset.

Interventions
Intravenous alteplase (0.9 mg/kg of body weight) or placebo.

Main outcome measures
The original primary efficacy outcome was modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0 or 1 (ie, being alive without any disability) and the original secondary efficacy outcome was a global outcome based on a composite of functional end points, both at 90 days. Adjusted analyses were only reported for the primary efficacy outcome and the original study protocol did not specify methods for adjusted analyses. Our adjusted reanalysis included these outcomes, symptom-free status (mRS 0), dependence-free status (mRS 0–2), mortality (mRS 6) and change across the mRS 0–6 spectrum at 90 days; and mortality and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage at 7 days.

Results
We replicated previously reported unadjusted analyses but discovered they were based on a modified interpretation of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. The secondary efficacy outcome was no longer significant using the original NIHSS score. Previously reported adjusted analyses could only be replicated with significant effects for the primary efficacy outcome by using statistical approaches not reported in the trial protocol or statistical analysis plan. In analyses adjusting for baseline imbalances, all efficacy outcomes were not significant, but increases in symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage remained significant.

Conclusions
Reanalysis of the ECASS III trial data with multiple approaches adjusting for baseline imbalances does not support any significant benefits and continues to support harms for the use of alteplase 3–4.5 hours after stroke onset. Clinicians, patients and policymakers should reconsider interpretations and decisions regarding management of acute ischaemic stroke that were based on ECASS III results.

Trial registration number

NCT00153036
.