bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The expression of the gene associated with β-glucan content, β-amylase and limit dextrinase synthesis as affected by post-heading heat stress in barley
Authors: Ni Shengjing , Zhao Huifang , Zhang Guoping 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Malt barley shows a dramatic deterioration of malt quality when exposed to heat or high temperature stress during grain-filling stage (post heading), and global change results in the more frequent occurrence of high temperature, posing a severe threat to high-quality malt barley production. In a previous study, we found heat stress during grain-filling stage caused the significant reduction of kernel weight, and the significant increase of protein and β-glucan content, and β-amylase and limit dextrinase (LD) activities, and the effect varied with barley genotypes and the time of heat stress exposure.Results: In this study, we determined the relative expressions of HvCslF6 and HvCslF9 for β-glucan, HvBmy1 for β-amylase and LD gene for limit dextrinase of two barley cultivars（ZU9 and Hua30）under the two heat stress (HS) treatments (32/26℃, day/night), initiated from the 7th day (early grain-filling stage) and the14th day (middle grain-filling stage) after heading. In comparison with normal temperature (24/18℃, day/night), HS treatments significantly up-regulated the relative expression of all four genes, and Hua30 being larger than ZU9. The change pattern of each examined gene for the two barley genotypes under heat stress treatments is completely consistent with that of corresponding malt quality trait as affected by heat stress.Conclusion: The results indicate that the enhancement of β-glucan content, and β-amylase and limit dextrinase activities under high temperature during grain filling stage is at least in part attributed to increased expression of the relevant genes.
Evaluation of medication adherence and its predictors among Ethiopians in Washington, DC.
Authors: Al-Matari Raniya Ali , Maneno Mary , Wingate La' Marcus , Hailemeskel Bisrat , Daftary Monika , Ettienne Earl , Moen Ahmed , Jeronimo Augusto , Nunlee-Bland Gail , Wyche Karen , Tilahun Ermias , Retta Tamrat 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BackgroundNon-adherence to medication can lead to poor health outcomes. Studies report the rates of medication adherence for US born persons, but little is known about estimates among foreign-born persons; in particular those of Ethiopian descent residing in the US. This study addresses this issue by examining medication adherence and associated factors among Ethiopians. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the level of medication adherence and to assess its predictors among urban adult Ethiopians who were administered a translated and validated Amharic-version of the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ). The participant had to be 1) Ethiopian 2) understand Amharic language, 3) ages 18 to 85 years, and 4) taking medications continuously to manage a medical condition. Descriptive statistics were used to describe study variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate predictors of medication adherence. All analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 19 at an alpha level of 0.05. ResultsA total of 163 Ethiopians with chronic diseases were recruited. Their mean age was 56.6 years and the majority were female 54% and born in Ethiopia (95.7%). The overall adherence level in this population was 34.4%. Participants who were less likely to adhere to medications included those who had difficulty in communicating in English (p-value=0. 019). Self-reported high activity level, healthy diet, belief in holy water and spiritual healing, and higher education levels were also found to be statistically significant predictors of medication adherence adjusting for all other variables. ConclusionDifficulty in communicating in English was significantly related to poor medication adherence to in Ethiopian adults and indicates that health care providers should develop patient educational materials in Amharic to better serve these patients. Factors significantly related to medication adherence seem to cluster in self-care (healthy eating, not in relying on some cultural practices for healing as a replacement for medications and being active) in addition to attaining college or above education. Consideration of these factors in developing treatment plans and interventions for this diverse population may yield better outcomes. Key words: Medication adherence, Ethiopian, Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire
What is the impact of the built environment on leisure moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time among the elderly: A cross-sectional study
Authors: LIU Yue , WANG Lin , WANG Zhu-Ying , WU Zhi-Jian , WANG Hou-Lei , ZHANG Fan , SONG Yan-Li-Qing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough many studies have reported the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time (ST), and the built environment (BE) among older adults, little is known about these associations in the Chinese older adult population. The purpose of this study was to investigate how various factors in the built environment of Nanjing’s communities influence leisure moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time among the elderly.MethodsA multilevel cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017. Altogether, thirty neighborhoods were selected and 586 individuals aged 60 years or older living in the urban zone of NanJing in Southern China were surveyed. Physical activity was measured using Actigraph GT3 Accelerometer. Built environment variables were measured using ArcGIS software. A multivariate linear regression method was used to analyze the factors influencing leisure moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time among the elderly.ResultsThe percentage of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of urban elderly within a 1000-m distance reached 76.12%, indicating this zone as appropriate for the study of urban elderly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. We found that land-use mix (β=8.800, p=0.001) and distance to fitness venue (β=-5.876, p=0.004) influenced moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Population density (β=13.998, p=0.004) and land-use mix (β=-21.62, p=0.033) use influenced sedentary time.ConclusionsOur findings provide support for the association between the built environment and physical activity among the Chinese elderly. Some characteristics of the built environment including land-use mix and distance to fitness venue may affect MVPA, while other characteristics including population density and land-use mix may impact ST. In formulating urban planning policies, the above factors should be taken into account to promote physical activity in older people, encouraging them to modify their sedentary lifestyle and improving their overall health.
Personal and social patterns predict influenza vaccination decision
Authors: Shaham Adir , Chodick Gabriel , Shalev Varda , Yamin Dan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BackgroundSeasonal influenza vaccination coverage remains suboptimal in most developed countries, despite longstanding recommendations of public health organizations. The individual’s decision regarding vaccination is located at the core of non-adherence. We analyzed large-scale data to identify personal and social behavioral patterns for influenza vaccination uptake, and develop a model to predict vaccination decision of individuals in an upcoming influenza season.MethodsWe analyzed primary data from the electronic medical records of a retrospective cohort of 250,000 individuals between the years 2007 and 2017, collected from 137 clinics. Individuals were randomly sampled from the database of Maccabi Healthcare Services. Maccabi’s clients are representative of the Israeli population, reflect all demographic, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups and levels. We used several machine-learning models to predict whether a patient would get vaccinated in the future. Models’ performance was evaluated based on the area under the ROC curve.ResultsThe vaccination decision of an individual can be explained in two dimensions, Personal and social. The personal dimension is strongly shaped by a “default” behavior, such as vaccination timing in previous seasons and general health consumption, but can also be affected by temporal factors such as respiratory illness in the prior year. In the social dimension, a patient is more likely to become vaccinated in a given season if at least one member of his family also became vaccinated in the same season. Vaccination uptake was highly assertive with age, socio-economic score, and geographic location. An XGBoost-based predictive model achieved an ROC AUC score of 0.91 with an accuracy and recall rates of 90% on the test set. Prediction relied mainly on the patient’s individual and household vaccination status in the past, age, number of encounters with the healthcare system, number of prescribed medications, and indicators of chronic illnesses.ConclusionsOur ability to make an excellent prediction of the patient’s decision sets a major step toward personalized influenza vaccination campaigns, and will help shape the next generation of targeted vaccination efforts.
iPNHOT: A knowledge-based approach for identifying protein-nucleic acid interaction hot spots
Authors: Zhu Xiaolei , Liu Ling , He Jingjing , Fang Ting , Xiong Yi , Mitchell Julie C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background The interaction between proteins and nucleic acids plays pivotal roles in various biological processes such as transcription, translation, and gene regulation. Hot spots are a small set of residues that contribute most to the binding affinity of a protein-nucleic acid interaction. Compared to the extensive studies of the hot spots on protein-protein interfaces, the hot spot residues within protein-nucleic acids interfaces remain less well-studied, in part because mutagenesis data for protein-nucleic acids interaction are not as abundant as that for protein-protein interactions.Results In this study, we built a new computational model, iPNHOT, to effectively predict hot spot residues on protein-nucleic acids interfaces. One training data set and an independent test set were collected from dbAMEPNI and some recent literature, respectively. To build our model, we generated 97 different sequential and structural features and used a two-step strategy to select the relevant features. The final model was built based only on 7 features using a support vector machine (SVM). The features include two unique features such as ∆SASsa 1/2 and esp3, which are newly proposed in this study. Based on the cross validation results, our model gave F1 score and AUROC as 0.725 and 0.807 on the subset collected from ProNIT, respectively, compared to 0.407 and 0.670 of mCSM-NA, a state-of-the art model to predict the thermodynamic effects of protein-nucleic acid interaction. The iPNHOT model was further tested on the independent test set, which showed that our model outperformed other methods.Conclusion In this study, by collecting data from a recently published database dbAMEPNI, we proposed a new model, iPNHOT, to predict hotspots on both protein-DNA and protein-RNA interfaces. The results show that our model outperforms the existing state-of-art models. Our model is available for users through a webserver: http://zhulab.ahu.edu.cn/iPNHOT/ .
Chemically oscillating reactions in the formation of botryoidal malachite
Authors: Papineau Dominic 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The origin of banding patterns in malachite [Cu2CO3(OH)2] is an enduring problem in geology. While the bright green, vivid colors of this mineral have been attributed to the presence of Cu, no specific process has been proposed that can explain the perfect circularly concentric banding and geometrical shapes in botryoidal malachite. These patterns of concentric equidistant laminations are comparable to those arising from chemically oscillating experiments using the classical reactants of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (B-Z) reaction. Through optical microscopy and micro-Raman imaging, this contribution documents that the geometric centers of the self-similar geometric patterns are often composed of organic matter. Carbon isotopes and trace elements further suggest that non-biological decarboxylation reactions of biological organic matter took place during diagenesis. Hence, the morphological and chemical characteristics of chemically oscillating reactions offer a plausible explanation for the formation of botryoidal malachite and abiotic environmental decarboxylation reactions.
Micro- and nano-size hydrogarnet clusters and proton ordering in calcium silicate garnet: Part I. The quest to understand the nature of “water” in garnet continues
Authors: Geiger Charles A. , Rossman George R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe calcium-silicate garnets, grossular (Ca3Al2Si3O12), andradite (Ca3Fe23+Si3O12), and their solid solutions [Ca3(Alx,Fe1−x3+)2Si3O12], can incorporate various amounts of structural OH–. This has important mineralogical, petrological, rheological, and geochemical consequences and extensive experimental investigations have focused on the nature of “water” in these phases. However, it was not fully understood how OH- was incorporated and this has seriously hampered the interpretation of different research results. IR single-crystal spectra of several nominally anhydrous calcium silicate garnets, both “end-member” and solid-solution compositions, were recorded at room temperature and 80 K between 3000 and 4000 cm–1. Five synthetic hydrogarnets in the system Ca3Al2(SiO4)3-Ca3Al2(H4O4)3-Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3-Ca3Fe23+(H4O4)3 were also measured via IR ATR powder methods. The various spectra are rich in complexity and show several OH- stretching modes at wavenumbers between 3500 and 3700 cm–1. The data, together with published results, were analyzed and modes assigned by introducing atomic-vibrational and crystal-chemical models to explain the energy of the OH- dipole and the structural incorporation mechanism of OH-, respectively. It is argued that OH- is located in various local microscopic- and nano-size Ca3Al2H12O12- and Ca3Fe23+H12O12-like clusters. The basic substitution mechanism is the hydrogarnet one, where (H4O4)4– ↔ (SiO4)4–, and various local configurations containing different numbers of (H4O4)4– groups define the cluster type. Some spectra also possibly indicate the presence of tiny hydrous inclusion phases, as revealed by OH- modes above about 3670 cm–1. They were not recognized in earlier studies. Published proposals invoking different hypothetical “defects” and coupled-substitution mechanisms involving H+ are not needed to interpret the IR spectra, at least for OH- modes above about 3560 cm–1. Significant mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical consequences result from the analysis and are discussed in the accompanying Part II (this issue) of the investigation.
A new optotype and chart for precision visometry
Authors: Aliev A-G. D. , Aliev A. A-G. , Nurudinov M. M. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose. To develop a new optotype and a chart for precision visometric tests and assess their accuracy.Materials and methods. 56 patients aged 16 to 57 years with the maximum visual acuity (VA) of 1.0 or more were examined for VA using three types of optotypes: standard letter optotype based on the Sivtsev — Golovin table, Landolt rings, and a new optotype developed by the authors.Results. On the basis of the psychometric analysis, the corresponding curves were drawn. When using the new optotype, the share of correct answers for VA = 1.0 was 75 %, for VA = 1.5 — 25 %, and for VA = 2.0 — 10 %. In contrast, Landolt rings and Sivtsev — Golovin optotypes gave the following results, respectively: VA = 1.0 — 50 %, 1.5 — 20 %, 2.0 — 10 % and VA = 1.0 — 45 %, VA = 1.5 — 15 %, VA = 2.0 — 5 %.Conclusion. The proposed optotype and the table for visometric tests, based on the principle of logarithmic progression of optotype sizes, significantly increase the accuracy of VA assessment. An extended range of optotype sizes increases the sensitivity of the visometry.
Assessment of MC&MCMC uncertainty analysis frameworks on SWAT model by focusing on future runoff prediction in a mountainous watershed via CMIP5 models
Authors: Ahmadi Armin , Aghakhani Afshar Amirhosein , Nourani Vahid , Pourreza-Bilondi Mohsen , Besalatpour A. A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe river situation in a dry or semi-dry area is extremely affected by climate change and precipitation patterns. In this study, the impact of climate alteration on runoff in Kashafrood River Basin (KRB) in Iran was investigated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in historical and three future period times. The runoff was studied by MIROC-ESM and GFDL-ESM2G models as the outputs of general circulation models (GCMs) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) by two representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). The DiffeRential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM-ZS) was used to calibrate the hydrological model parameters in different sub-basins. Using DREAM-ZS algorithm, realistic values were obtained for the parameters related to runoff simulation in the SWAT model. In this area, results show that runoff in GFDL-ESM2G in both RCPs (2.6 and 8.5) in comparing future periods with the historical period is increased about 232–383% and in MIROC-ESM tends to increase around 87–292%. Furthermore, GFDL-ESM2G compared to MIROC-ESM in RCP2.6 (RCP8.5) in near, intermediate, and far future periods shows that the value of runoff increases 59.6% (23.0%), 100.2% (35.1%), and 42.5% (65.3%), respectively.
Meningococcal Meningitis: A Multicentric Hospital-based Study in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Sharma Supriya , Acharya Jyoti , Caugant Dominique A. , Thapa Jeewan , Bajracharya Manju , Kayastha Madhusudan , Sharma Saroj , Chalise Bimal S. , Karn Ragesh , Banjara Megha R. , Ghimire Prakash , Singh Anjana 
Published: December 2019

Background:
The global epidemiology of meningococcal disease varies markedly by region and over time. In Nepal, information on serogroup of meningococci is not available since the 1983 serogroup A epidemic in Kathmandu.

Objective:
To provide some fundamental data on the circulating serogroups of meningococci for potential meningococcal immunization programs in Nepal.

Methods:
This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2018 among 387 clinically suspected meningitis cases. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected by lumbar puncture technique at five referral hospitals of Kathmandu and processed by conventional cultural techniques. Neisseria meningitidis was identified by colony morphology, Gram staining and oxidase test. Serogrouping of meningococci was performed by slide agglutination test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by the modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The data was entered into IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software and a p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Thirty-two samples were positive by culture for a bacterial pathogen with 2.3% of meningococci. All except one meningococcal meningitis cases were aged below 15 years. All N.meningitidis isolates belonged to serogroup A and were susceptible to ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, meropenem and minocycline; however, 22% isolates showed resistance to cotrimoxazole and 11% intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Conclusion:
The circulating serogroup of N. meningitidis in Kathmandu has not changed over the past 35 years. The prevalence of meningococcal meningitis in Kathmandu is low but might be underestimated due to the sole use of culture-based diagnostic methods. Detection of meningococci by alternative methods may be useful in the precise estimation of actual disease burden.
Small Scale Ecology and Society: Forest-Culture of Papua Nutmeg (Myristica argentea Warb.)
Authors: Ungirwalu Antoni , Awang San Afri , Maryudi Ahmad , Suryanto Priyono 
Published: December 2019

Identities and entities can be found in the cultural and ecological environment of a community when its members interact with each other. The Papua nutmeg (Myristica argentea Warb.) has been utilized by the Baham-Matta ethnic in the western part of Papua for centuries as part of their traditional ecological knowledge of nontimber forest products (NTFPs). However, this practice has not been scientifically constructed as part of social forestry science. Therefore, this paper seeks to contribute to an empirical understanding of the forest-culture of the local community and its implications for adaptive forest governance in West Papua. This study found that adaptive resource management has been applied to the Papua nutmeg, which is called henggi in Iha language and endemic to the tropical forest of the western part of Papua. The treatment of Papua nutmeg consists of three stages, namely pre-harvest, harvest, and post-harvest, all of which form a holistic unity which is sustainable until today. The Papuan nutmeg is traditionally managed and locally conserved using a traditional method known as the sasi system.Ekologi dan Masyarakat Skala Lokal : Hutan Budidaya Pala Papua (Myristica argentea Warb.)IntisariIdentitas dan entitas dapat ditemukan pada lingkungan budaya dan ekologi masyarakat saat mereka berinteraksi. Pala papua (Myristica argentea Warb.) telah dimanfaatakan selama berabadabad oleh etnis Baham-Matta di Papua Barat berdasarkan sistem pengetahuan ekologis tradisional sebagai bagian dari hasil hutan bukan kayu (HHBK) unggulan. Namun disayangkan fenomena ini belum dikonstruksi secara ilmiah sebagai bagian dari ilmu perhutanan sosial. Oleh karena itu makalah ini berusaha memberi kontribusi pada pemahaman empiris tentang hutan-budaya dari praktik masyarakat lokal dan implikasinya terhadap tata kelola hutan adaptif di Papua Barat. Hasil kajian ini menemukan bahwa pengelolaan sumber daya adaptif pala papua yang disebut Henggi dalam bahasa Iha adalah tumbuhan endemik yang berasal dari hutan alam tropis di Papua Barat. Pemanfaatan pala papua terdiri dari tiga tahapan yaitu pra panen, panen dan pasca panen. Pengelolaaannya masih sangat sederhana dan bersifat tradisional dengan salah satu keunggulannya adalah konservasi tradisional menggunakan sistem “Sasi”.
Upaya Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa dengan Menerapkan Metode Pemberian Tugas pada Siswa
Authors: Naimah Naimah 
Published: December 2019

Penelitian tindakan kelas(PTK) bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa khusus nya pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode pemberian tugas siswa kelas III SD N 10 Bengkalis Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017.Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang telah dilakukan, ketuntasan individu dan klasikal siswa setelah dilakukan perbaikan dengan menggunakan metode pemberian tugas mengalami peningkatan. Ketuntasan individu pada siklus I hanya sebesar 27(77%), setelah dilakukan perbaikan pada siklus ke II ketuntasan individu siswa meningkat menjadi 30(85%). Demikian juga halnya dengan ketuntasan klasikal siswa. Pada siklus I secara klasikal siswa belum tuntas, sebab ketuntasan klasikal belum mencapai ketuntasan minimal yang ditetapkan. Siswa yang tuntas hanya 27(77%), sedangkan ketuntasan minimal (85%).Sedangkan data penelitian tentang daya serap siswa kelas III semester II SD N 10 Bengkalis Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017 juga mengalami peningkatan yang sangat signifikan. Pada siklus I siswa yang memperoleh rentang nilai 90-100 hanya 8(23%) saja, tetapi setelah dilakukan perbaikan pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan yaitu sebanyak 9(26%). Sedangkan siswa yang memperoleh nilai < 60 pada siklus I sebanyak 8(23%). Setelah dilakukan perbaikan pada siklus II, siswa yang memperoleh nilai < 60 sudah berkurang, hanya tinggal 1 (3%) . Dengan demikian saya serap siswa pada siklus I sebesar 7%. Setelah dilakukan perbaikan pada siklus II , daya serap mengalami peningkatan menjadi 75% , mengalami peningkatan sebesar 2% dari siklus sebelumnya.