bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual Stimulus Content in V4 Is Conveyed by Gamma-Rhythmic Information Packages
Authors: Lisitsyn Dmitriy , Grothe Iris , Kreiter Andreas K. , Ernst Udo A. 
Published: November 2020

Selective visual attention allows the brain to focus on behaviorally relevant information while ignoring irrelevant signals. As a possible mechanism, routing-by-synchronization was proposed: neural populations receiving attended signals align their gamma-rhythmic activity to that of the sending populations, such that incoming spikes arrive at excitability peaks of receiving populations, enhancing signal transfer. Conversely, non-attended signals arrive unaligned to the receiver's oscillation, reducing signal transfer. Therefore, visual signals should be transferred through gamma-rhythmic bursts of information, resulting in a modulation of the stimulus content within the receiving population's activity by its gamma phase and amplitude. To test this prediction, we quantified gamma-phase-dependent stimulus content within neural activity from area V4 of two male macaques performing a visual attention task. For the attended stimulus, we find highest stimulus information content near excitability peaks, an effect that increases with oscillation amplitude, establishing a functional link between selective processing and gamma-activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe ability to focus on the behaviorally relevant signals is essential for the brain to cope with the continuous, high-dimensional stream of sensory information it receives. What are the neural mechanisms which allow such selective processing in the visual system? We analyzed data from area V4 and found that the amount of visual signal information content is tightly linked to the phase of local gamma-rhythmic activity, with maximal signal content occurring near peaks of neural excitability. Our investigations provide direct evidence that selective attention relies on rhythmic temporal coordination between visual areas, and establish novel methods for pinpointing pulsed transmission schemes in neural data.
Lysophospholipids Contribute to Oxaliplatin-Induced Acute Peripheral Pain
Authors: Rimola Vittoria , Hahnefeld Lisa , Zhao Junli , Jiang Changyu , Angioni Carlo , Schreiber Yannick , Osthues Tabea , Pierre Sandra , Geisslinger Gerd , Ji Ru-Rong , Scholich Klaus , Sisignano Marco 
Published: November 2020

Oxaliplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug, which is used as first-line treatment for some types of colorectal carcinoma, causes peripheral neuropathic pain in patients. In addition, an acute peripheral pain syndrome develop in almost 90% of patients immediately after oxaliplatin treatment, which is poorly understood mechanistically but correlates with incidence and severity of the later-occurring neuropathy. Here we investigated the effects of acute oxaliplatin treatment in a murine model, showing that male and female mice develop mechanical hypersensitivity 24 h after oxaliplatin treatment. Interestingly, we found that the levels of several lipids were significantly altered in nervous tissue during oxaliplatin-induced acute pain. Specifically, the linoleic acid metabolite 9,10-EpOME (epoxide of linoleic acid) as well as the lysophospholipids lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 18:1 and LPC 16:0 were significantly increased 24 h after oxaliplatin treatment in sciatic nerve, DRGs, or spinal cord tissue as revealed by untargeted and targeted lipidomics. In contrast, inflammatory markers including cytokines and chemokines, ROS markers, and growth factors are unchanged in the respective nervous system tissues. Importantly, LPC 18:1 and LPC 16:0 can induce Ca2+transients in primary sensory neurons, and we identify LPC 18:1 as a previously unknown endogenous activator of the ligand-gated calcium channels transient receptor potential V1 and M8 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and transient receptor potential melastatin 8) in primary sensory neurons using both pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockout. Additionally, a peripheral LPC 18:1 injection was sufficient to induce mechanical hypersensitivity in naive mice. Hence, targeting signaling lipid pathways may ameliorate oxaliplatin-induced acute peripheral pain and the subsequent long-lasting neuropathy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe first-line cytostatic drug oxaliplatin can cause acute peripheral pain and chronic neuropathic pain. The former is causally connected with the chronic neuropathic pain, but its mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we performed a broad unbiased analysis of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and ∼200 lipids in nervous system tissues 24 h after oxaliplatin treatment, which revealed a crucial role of lysophospholipids lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 18:1, LPC 16:0, and 9,10-EpOME in oxaliplatin-induced acute pain. We demonstrate for the first time that LPC 18:1 contributes to the activation of the ion channels transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and transient receptor potential melastatin 8 in sensory neurons and causes mechanical hypersensitivity after peripheral injectionin vivo. These findings suggest that the LPC-mediated lipid signaling is involved in oxaliplatin-induced acute peripheral pain.
Macrophage-Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Is Integral to Neuromuscular Junction Reinnervation after Nerve Injury
Authors: Lu Chuieng-Yi , Santosa Katherine B. , Jablonka-Shariff Albina , Vannucci Bianca , Fuchs Anja , Turnbull Isaiah , Pan Deng , Wood Matthew D. , Snyder-Warwick Alison K. 
Published: November 2020

Functional recovery in the end target muscle is a determinant of outcome after peripheral nerve injury. The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) provides the interface between nerve and muscle and includes non-myelinating terminal Schwann cells (tSCs). After nerve injury, tSCs extend cytoplasmic processes between NMJs to guide axon growth and NMJ reinnervation. The mechanisms related to NMJ reinnervation are not known. We used multiple mouse models to investigate the mechanisms of NMJ reinnervation in both sexes, specifically whether macrophage-derived vascular endothelial growth factor-A (Vegf-A) is crucial to establishing NMJ reinnervation at the end target muscle. Both macrophage number and Vegf-A expression increased in end target muscles after nerve injury and repair. In mice with impaired recruitment of macrophages and monocytes (Ccr2−/− mice), the absence of CD68+ cells (macrophages) in the muscle resulted in diminished muscle function. Using a Vegf-receptor 2 (VegfR2) inhibitor (cabozantinib; CBZ) via oral gavage in wild-type (WT) mice resulted in reduced tSC cytoplasmic process extension and decreased NMJ reinnervation compared with saline controls. Mice with Vegf-A conditionally knocked out in macrophages (Vegf-Afl/fl; LysMCremice) demonstrated a more prolonged detrimental effect on NMJ reinnervation and worse functional muscle recovery. Together, these results show that contributions of the immune system are integral for NMJ reinnervation and functional muscle recovery after nerve injury.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis work demonstrates beneficial contributions of a macrophage-mediated response for neuromuscular junction (NMJ) reinnervation following nerve injury and repair. Macrophage recruitment occurred at the NMJ, distant from the nerve injury site, to support functional recovery at the muscle. We have shown hindered terminal Schwann cell (tSC) injury response and NMJ recovery with inhibition of: (1) macrophage recruitment after injury; (2) vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VegfR2) signaling; and (3) Vegf secretion from macrophages. We conclude that macrophage-derived Vegf is a key component of NMJ recovery after injury. Determining the mechanisms active at the end target muscle after motor nerve injury reveals new therapeutic targets that may translate to improve motor recovery following nerve injury.
ERα Signaling in GHRH/Kiss1 Dual-Phenotype Neurons Plays Sex-Specific Roles in Growth and Puberty
Authors: Garcia-Galiano David , Cara Alexandra L. , Tata Zachary , Allen Susan J. , Myers Martin G. , Schipani Ernestina , Elias Carol F. 
Published: November 2020

Gonadal steroids modulate growth hormone (GH) secretion and the pubertal growth spurt via undefined central pathways. GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) neurons express estrogen receptor α (ERα) and androgen receptor (AR), suggesting changing levels of gonadal steroids during puberty directly modulate the somatotropic axis. We generated mice with deletion of ERα in GHRH cells (GHRHΔERα), which displayed reduced body length in both sexes. Timing of puberty onset was similar in both groups, but puberty completion was delayed in GHRHΔERαfemales. Lack of AR in GHRH cells (GHRHΔARmice) induced no changes in body length, but puberty completion was also delayed in females. Using a mouse model with two reporter genes, we observed that, while GHRHtdTomneurons minimally colocalize with Kiss1hrGFPin prepubertal mice, ∼30% of GHRH neurons coexpressed both reporter genes in adult females, but not in males. Developmental analysis ofGhrhandKiss1expression suggested that a subpopulation of ERα neurons in the arcuate nucleus of female mice undergoes a shift in phenotype, from GHRH to Kiss1, during pubertal transition. Our findings demonstrate that direct actions of gonadal steroids in GHRH neurons modulate growth and puberty and indicate that GHRH/Kiss1 dual-phenotype neurons play a sex-specific role in the crosstalk between the somatotropic and gonadotropic axes during pubertal transition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLate maturing adolescents usually show delayed growth and bone age. At puberty, gonadal steroids have stimulatory effects on the activation of growth and reproductive axes, but the existence of gonadal steroid-sensitive neuronal crosstalk remains undefined. Moreover, the neural basis for the sex differences observed in the clinical arena is unknown. Lack of ERα in GHRH neurons disrupts growth in both sexes and causes pubertal delay in females. Deletion of androgen receptor in GHRH neurons only delayed female puberty. In adult females, not males, a subset of GHRH neurons shift phenotype to start producing Kiss1. Thus, direct estrogen action in GHRH/Kiss1 dual-phenotype neurons modulates growth and puberty and may orchestrate the sex differences in endocrine function observed during pubertal transition.
Aproximación a la percepción social sobre el sistema tributario colombiano a partir de una revisión teórica
Authors: Pino Montoya José Wilmar , Farfán Rodríguez Juliana Carolina , Cabrera Ruby Stella 
Published: November 2020

La economía pública se justifica mediante los objetivos fiscales, para lo cual se sustenta en las estructuras tributarias, estructuras mismas que pueden tener problemáticas en el recaudo progresivo de los tributos, sin menoscabo de la actividad económica o de los ciudadanos. En este sentido, el presente artículo de revisión documental se deriva del proyecto de investigación: percepción social del pequeño contribuyente sobre el impuesto de renta del sistema tributario colombiano, en el que se analiza cómo la apreciación del ciudadano puede influir en el cumplimiento de las responsabilidades fiscales. La hipótesis que fundamenta este estudio es que la relación de las categorías: sistema social de derecho, fines del Estado, ingresos tributarios y pequeños contribuyentes, convergen en la constitucionalidad del sistema de renta colombiano, que permite una percepción social positiva del sistema y es por ello que en este documento se desarrolla un análisis conceptual, para aportar, desde la teoría un mejor entendimiento del sistema tributario, que sirva de fundamento para posteriores estudios empíricos sobre la política fiscal de Colombia y a partir de allí se fortalezca los mecanismos de recaudo del impuesto. Se concluye que de acuerdo a los fines de equidad social y el bien común que deriva del Estado, se hace necesario fortalecer un sistema tributario que garantice el cumplir su función y que es un deber ciudadano coadyuvar al Estado a través de la extinción de la obligación tributaria que le competa.
The Relationship Between Economic Factors and Health Personnel Employment in Turkey: An Econometric Anaylsis
Authors: ÇIRAKLI Ümit 
Published: November 2020

This study applies the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) bounds testing approach developed by Pesaran, Shin and Smith (2001) to reveal the relationship between economic factors and health personnel employment in Turkey between 1974-2015. While the health personnel data includes the number of physicians and other health personnel (midwives and nurses), reel GDP (Real Gross Domestic Product) and economic crises are included as economic factors in the study. In terms of long-run relationships between economic growth and health personnel number, this study shows that while the employment of the physicians is made independently of economic growth, other health personnel are employed directly proportional to the increase in income in Turkey. The findings of the study show that the 1994 economic crisis has had a significant decreasing effect on only the number of other health personnel. Both the results of long-run relationships and impacts of economic crises in this study shows that the politicians pay more attention to the physicians than other health personnel. As health care services are based on teamwork, cuts in the number of other health personnel during any economic hardship will make it difficult to meet the health services needs of population in terms of quality and quantity. Therefore, politicians need to pay more attention to the recruitment of other health personnel too.
Results of Minimally Invasive Valve-Sparing Aortic Root Valve Surgery: Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Charchyan E. R. , Breshenkov D. G. , Belov Yu. V. 
Published: November 2020

Aim Evaluation of efficacy and safety of minimally invasive, valve-sparing interventions on the aortic root and a comparative analysis of outcomes versus a group of patients with a complete sternotomy intervention using the method of propensity score matching (PSM).Materials and methods From 2016 through 2019, 458 interventions on the aortic root were performed, including 160 (36.6 %) interventions with mini-sternotomy. The study included 106 patients with the valve-sparing surgery (David procedure). Two groups of 30 patients each were formed using PSMC: group 1, complete sternotomy (CS) and group 2, J-shaped mini-sternotomy (MS). Immediate and long-term outcomes were evaluated at 13.8±10.3 (1–38 months (min-max) in the MS group and 42±21 (1–61 months (min-max) in the CS group.Results Statistically significant differences in death rate, echocardiographic indexes, absence of reoperations and complications in the postoperative period were not observed. In group 2, durations of extracorporeal circulation (p=0.04) and period of myocardial ischemia (p=0.004) were increased. The same group showed decreased intraoperative blood loss (p=0.001), postoperative drainage losses (p=0.0001), extubation time (р=0.0001), duration of stay in resuscitation and intensive care units and in the department of reconstructive recovery cardiovascular surgery (p=0,005).Conclusion The David procedure with mini-sternotomy is a safe and effective alternative to the traditional approach. This technique significantly reduces the time of rehabilitation and duration of patients’ stay in the hospital without significant differences in the long-term period, which suggests advantages of this method. However, despite these promising results, the retrospective nature of this study, a small sample of patients, and a short follow-up period warrant further study.
Concentración de la tierra y las Zonas de Interés de Desarrollo Rural, Económico y Social (Zidres) en los Montes de María, María La Baja y Carmen de Bolívar
Authors: Alzate Mora Daniel 
Published: November 2020

La concentración de la tierra en América Latina y en Colombia tiende a profundizarse. A pesar de los esfuerzos del Estado por revertir esta tendencia, el fenómeno de la concentración de la tierra se intensifica, en especial, en aquellas regiones que han sido fuertemente afectadas por el conflicto armado interno, como es el caso de Los Montes de María. A partir de información cuantitativa y cualitativa se expone el contexto social y político de los municipios de María La Baja y el Carmen de Bolívar para analizar la estructura agraria, y se demuestra su tendencia general hacia una mayor concentración de la tierra. A partir de esta información se presenta la relación que tiene dicha estructura agraria con el modelo de desarrollo de las Zonas de Interés de Desarrollo Rural, Económico y Social (Zidres) aprobado por la ley 1676 de 2016.
MOTIVATION OF THE BANKING SECTOR EMPLOYEES IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR VALUE ORIENTATIONS
Authors: Kuzmynchuk N. V. , Kutsenko T. M. , Terovanesova O. Yu. , Zhezherun Yu. V. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. It is investigated the theoretical bases of motivation of the banking sector employees in the context of their value orientations and the directions of their value adaptation as a tool of management and behavior management of banking staff. The aim of the work is to develop the motivation concepts of the banking sector employees on the value orientations basis in the context of the need of the effective mechanisms formation on the employment influence on the banking institutions employees. It is noted that in the motivation process of the banking sector employees it is necessary to highlight the subjects of motivation which are the motivated subject and motivating. It is proved that the object of motivation is the value orientations of employees that include the basic needs and interests of employees. Based on the approach of A. Maslow for the concept understanding of «value», groups of value orientations of banking sector employees are formed. The conceptual regulations of the motivation for the banking sector employees based on value orientations has been deepened. It has been established that the approximating process of the subjective system of values in the objective system is the value adaptation of employees and may include both external and internal motivation. It is proved that the internal motives are formed under the influence of the external motivation which involves the various methods application of the labor behavior influencing of the employees within the material and non-material form. The concepts of the motivating banking sector employees on the basis of value orientations are proposed taking into account the processes of value adaptation as a transformation of the subjective value system into the objective one which include the organizational, regulatory and financial fundamentals of stimulating labor activity of the banking institutions personnel, the implementation of which will contribute to the further development of the banking sector in terms of the motivational aspects of the bank employees and meet the needs of the economic entities for receiving of a wide range of modern banking services.
Keywords: motivation, value, motivation of the banking sector employees based on value orientations, value adaptation, external and internal motivation, motivation methods.
JEL Classification G21, J31
Formulas: 0; fig.: 3; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 13.
THE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM AS THE BASIS FOR ORGANISING ENTERPRISE CYBERSECURITY
Authors: Zadorozhnyi Z.-M. , Muravskyi V.V. , Shevchuk О. , Muravskyi V. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The increasing number of cyberattacks as part of the hybrid influence on social and economic processes and the threat of confidential information leaks dictate the need to ensure cybersecurity for enterprises, sectors and branches of the economy. Since most economic information is produced by the accounting system, its cybersecurity is a priority.
The review of literature on enterprise cybersecurity has indicated that the researchers increasingly define the accounting system as the target of cybersecurity measures. This approach is scientifically limited, as it does not consider that the accounting system may be the subject ensuring the cybersecurity of enterprises in the conditions of rapid development of latest computer and communication technologies. The aim of the article is to investigate the prospects of organising accounting when it is acting as the subject in a platform for ensuring the cybersecurity of enterprises.
It is substantiated that accounting should be used as the basis for ensuring cybersecurity, given that accounting is the main producer of economic information, much of the accounting information is confidential, modern accounting specialists are qualified in multiple different areas of expertise, numerous cyberattacks are perpetrated via accounting software, and the regulatory nature of accounting standards pertaining to information processes.
The prospects of reorganising the accounting department of enterprises and transforming the operational responsibilities of accounting specialists to focus on ensuring the cybersecurity of enterprises are explored. It is proposed to use the accounting policy of the enterprise and the internal regulations linked to it as the basis for the development of cybersecurity regulations. The necessity of introducing permanent security audit to accounting and control activities of the enterprise is proved. It proposed that internal controllers (accountants) or external specialists from audit firms monitor and test the cybersecurity system of enterprises that will facilitate efficient prevention, avoidance and elimination of information barriers and threats to the effective operation of economic entities.
Keywords: accounting, cybersecurity, security audit, information security, information risks and barriers, accounting policy.
Formulas: 0; fig.: 3; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 19.
Overweight Increases the Risk of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in the non-Breastfed Infants
Authors: Bishr Nehad Taha , Darweesh Mohamed S. , G. Amer Eman , Abul-Fadl Azza M.A. , Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub 
Published: November 2020

Background: Overweight in infancy could increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in later life, however the mechanisms are need to be investigated.
Aim: To assess the relationship between overweight and right ventricular function during infancy in relation to the mode of feeding.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for 76 healthy infants aged 3 to 12 months of life (38 breastfed (BF) and 38 milk formula fed (MFF). Anthropometric measurements were done for weight, supine length and body mass index (BMI). The right ventricular functions (RV) were assessed by two dimensional (2D) echocardiography and Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI).
Results: BMI percentiles were significantly higher in MFF infants compared to BF infants (P<0.05). BMI was positively correlated with structural dimensions in MFF but not BF. BMI correlated with RV function in BF but not MFF.
Conclusion: Overweight in MFF increases right sided cardiac dimensions but in BF the functional component of the RV is increased.