bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcomes after different types of Horne and Tanzer olecranon fractures
Authors: Hasserius Ralph , Hertervig Fredrik , Josefsson Per-Olof , Besjakov Jack , von Schewelov Thord 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
It is unclear whether the outcomes differ after different Horne and Tanzer types of olecranon fractures.

Materials and methods
We evaluated 40 men and 55 women with isolated olecranon fractures, journals and radiographs from fracture event. The fractures were classified according to Horne and Tanzer. After a mean 19 years after the fracture events, we evaluated subjective, clinical and radiographic outcomes, using the uninjured arms as controls.

Results
95% of patients with type I fractures reported, at follow-up, no differences between the elbows, 80% with type II fractures and 95% with type III fractures (p = 0.43). The three types of fractures had no differences in elbow range of motion or hand grip strength (when comparing injured and uninjured arms) and the proportions of individuals with radiographic elbow degenerative changes or joint space reduction were no different (all p > 0.05). Individuals with elbow degenerative changes had no inferior subjective elbow function compared to individuals with normal radiographs (p = 0.66), in contrast to those with joint space reduction compared to individuals with normal radiographs (p < 0.001).

Interpretation
All types of Horne and Tanzer olecranon fractures have favourable long-term outcome. Elbow joint space reduction is associated with inferior subjective elbow function while degenerative changes are not.
Cognitive impairment in early MS: contribution of white matter lesions, deep grey matter atrophy, and cortical atrophy
Authors: Engl Christina , Tiemann Laura , Grahl Sophia , Bussas Matthias , Schmidt Paul , Pongratz Viola , Berthele Achim , Beer Annkathrin , Gaser Christian , Kirschke Jan S. , Zimmer Claus , Hemmer Bernhard , Mühlau Mark 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Cognitive impairment (CI) is a frequent and debilitating symptom in MS. To better understand the neural bases of CI in MS, this magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study aimed to identify and quantify related structural brain changes and to investigate their relation to each other.

Methods
We studied 51 patients with CI and 391 patients with cognitive preservation (CP). We analyzed three-dimensional T1-weighted and FLAIR scans at 3 Tesla. We determined mean cortical thickness as well as volumes of cortical grey matter (GM), deep GM including thalamus, cerebellar cortex, white matter, corpus callosum, and white matter lesions (WML). We also analyzed GM across the whole brain by voxel-wise and surface-based techniques.

Results
Mean disease duration was 5 years. Comparing MS patients with CI and CP, we found higher volumes of WML, lower volumes of deep and cortical GM structures, and lower volumes of the corpus callosum (all corrected p values < 0.05). Effect sizes were largest for WML and thalamic volume (standardized ß values 0.25 and − 0.25). By logistic regression analysis including both WML and thalamic volume, we found a significant effect only for WML volume. Inclusion of the interaction term of WML and thalamic volume increased the model fit and revealed a highly significant interaction of WML and thalamic volume. Moreover, voxel-wise and surface-based comparisons of MS patients with CI and CP showed regional atrophy of both deep and cortical GM independent of WML volume and overall disability, but effect sizes were lower.

Conclusion
Although several mechanisms contribute to CI already in the early stage of MS, WML seem to be the main driver with thalamic atrophy primarily intensifying this effect.
The association of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy clinical phenotypes with previously reported genetic markers
Authors: Luo Mingyue , Zhao Xinyu , Yang Jingyuan , Chen Youxin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Genetic studies have identified the association of some single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), but little is known about whether these SNPs are related to PCV clinical features as well. We performed this study to examine the association of 12 SNPs with PCV clinical phenotypes.

Methods
Sixty-nine PCV eyes of 69 patients were included. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Agilent SureSelect Human ALL Exon V6 was used to sequence the 12 SNPs previously reported to associate with PCV. Baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), choroid maximum vascular diameter (MVD), choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH), and greatest linear dimension (GLD) of entire lesion were measured and compared between patients of different genotypes. Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were mainly used to compare categorical variables and continuous variables respectively.

Results
HTRA1 rs2293870 was a protective factor of PCV or AMD in the fellow eye (P = 0.040) and was related with greater SFCT in PCV eye after multiple linear regression (P = 0.043). C3 rs17030 was associated with smaller GLD (P = 0.033). CFH rs2274700 was related to lower MVD (P = 0.043) and was a protective factor for CVH (P = 0.034).

Conclusion
Multiple PCV-associated SNPs are associated with PCV clinical phenotypes. The involvement of several synonymous SNPs calls for further research on the role of transcriptional alterations and trans-regulation of distant signaling pathways in PCV pathogenesis.
Hot and cold weather based on the spatial synoptic classification and cause-specific mortality in Sweden: a time-stratified case-crossover study
Authors: Fonseca-Rodríguez Osvaldo , Sheridan Scott C. , Lundevaller Erling Häggström , Schumann Barbara 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe spatial synoptic classification (SSC) is a holistic categorical assessment of the daily weather conditions at specific locations; it is a useful tool for assessing weather effects on health. In this study, we assessed (a) the effect of hot weather types and the duration of heat events on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in summer and (b) the effect of cold weather types and the duration of cold events on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in winter. A time-stratified case-crossover design combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model was carried out to investigate the association of weather types with cause-specific mortality in two southern (Skåne and Stockholm) and two northern (Jämtland and Västerbotten) locations in Sweden. During summer, in the southern locations, the Moist Tropical (MT) and Dry Tropical (DT) weather types increased cardiovascular and respiratory mortality at shorter lags; both hot weather types substantially increased respiratory mortality mainly in Skåne. The impact of heat events on mortality by cardiovascular and respiratory diseases was more important in the southern than in the northern locations at lag 0. The cumulative effect of MT, DT and heat events lagged over 14 days was particularly high for respiratory mortality in all locations except in Jämtland, though these did not show a clear effect on cardiovascular mortality. During winter, the dry polar and moist polar weather types and cold events showed a negligible effect on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. This study provides valuable information about the relationship between hot oppressive weather types with cause-specific mortality; however, the cold weather types may not capture sufficiently effects on cause-specific mortality in this sub-Arctic region.
Rainfall and dry spell occurrence in Ghana: trends and seasonal predictions with a dynamical and a statistical model
Authors: Gbangou Talardia , Ludwig Fulco , van Slobbe Erik , Greuell Wouter , Kranjac-Berisavljevic Gordana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImproved information on the distribution of seasonal rainfall is important for crop production in Ghana. The predictability of key agro-meteorological indices, namely, seasonal rainfall, maximum dry spell length (MDSL) and dry spell frequency (DSF) was investigated across Ghana (with an interest on the coastal savannah agro-ecological zone). These three variables are relevant for local agricultural water management. A dynamical model (i.e. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) System 4 seasonal forecasts) and a statistical model (i.e. response to sea surface temperatures (SSTs)) were used and analysed using correlation and other discrimination skill metrics. ECMWF-System 4 was bias-corrected and verified with 14 local stations’ observations. Results show that differences in variability and skills of the agro-meteorological indices are small between agro-ecological zones as compared to the differences between stations. The dynamic model System 4 explains up to 31% of the variability of the MDSL and seasonal rainfall indices. Coastal savannah exhibits the highest level of discrimination skills. However, these skills are generally higher for the below and above normal MDSL and seasonal rainfall categories at lead time 0. Similarity in skills for the agro-meteorological indices over the same zones and stations is found both for the dynamical and statistical models. Although System 4 performs slightly better than the statistical model, especially, for dry spell length and seasonal rainfall. For dry spell frequency and longer lead time dry spell length, the statistical model tends to perform better. These results suggest that the agro-meteorological indices derived from System 4′ updated versions, corrected with local observations, together with the response to SST information, can potentially support decision-making of local smallholder farmers in Ghana.
Tell me something my friends do not know: diversity maximization in social networks
Authors: Matakos Antonis , Tu Sijing , Gionis Aristides 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSocial media have a great potential to improve information dissemination in our society, yet they have been held accountable for a number of undesirable effects, such as polarization and filter bubbles. It is thus important to understand these negative phenomena and develop methods to combat them. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to address the problem of breaking filter bubbles in social media. We do so by aiming to maximize the diversity of the information exposed to connected social-media users. We formulate the problem of maximizing the diversity of exposure as a quadratic-knapsack problem. We show that the proposed diversity-maximization problem is inapproximable, and thus, we resort to polynomial nonapproximable algorithms, inspired by solutions developed for the quadratic-knapsack problem, as well as scalable greedy heuristics. We complement our algorithms with instance-specific upper bounds, which are used to provide empirical approximation guarantees for the given problem instances. Our experimental evaluation shows that a proposed greedy algorithm followed by randomized local search is the algorithm of choice given its quality-vs.-efficiency trade-off.
Budget impact of sequential treatment with first-line afatinib versus first-line osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with common EGFR mutations
Authors: Westerink Lotte , Nicolai Jelmer L. J. , Samuelsen Carl , Smit Hans J. M. , Postmus Pieter E. , Griebsch Ingolf , Postma Maarten J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The therapeutic landscape for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients that have common epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations has changed radically in the last decade. The availability of these treatment options has an economic impact, therefore a budget impact analysis was performed.

Methods
A budget impact analysis was conducted from a Dutch healthcare perspective over a 5-year time horizon in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients receiving first-line afatinib (Gilotrif®) versus first-line osimertinib (Tagrisso®), followed by subsequent treatments. A decision analysis model was constructed in Excel. Scenario analyses and one-way sensitivity analysis were used to test the models’ robustness.

Results
Sequential treatment with afatinib versus first-line treatment with osimertinib showed mean total time on treatment (ToT) of 29.1 months versus 24.7 months, quality-adjusted life months (QALMs) of 20.2 versus 17.4 with mean cost of €108,166 per patient versus €143,251 per patient, respectively. The 5-year total budget impact was €110.4 million for the afatinib sequence versus €158.6 million for the osimertinib sequence, leading to total incremental cost savings of €48.15 million.

Conclusions
First-line afatinib treatment in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC had a lower financial impact on the Dutch healthcare budget with a higher mean ToT and QALM compared to osimertinib sequential treatment.
The Dementias Platform UK (DPUK) Data Portal
Authors: Bauermeister Sarah , Orton Christopher , Thompson Simon , Barker Roger A. , Bauermeister Joshua R. , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Brayne Carol , Burn David , Campbell Archie , Calvin Catherine , Chandran Siddharthan , Chaturvedi Nishi , Chêne Geneviève , Chessell Iain P. , Corbett Anne , Davis Daniel H. J. , Denis Mike , Dufouil Carole , Elliott Paul , Fox Nick , Hill Derek , Hofer Scott M. , Hu Michele T. , Jindra Christoph , Kee Frank , Kim Chi-Hun , Kim Changsoo , Kivimaki Mika , Koychev Ivan , Lawson Rachael A. , Linden Gerry J. , Lyons Ronan A. , Mackay Clare , Matthews Paul M. , McGuiness Bernadette , Middleton Lefkos , Moody Catherine , Moore Katrina , Na Duk L. , O’Brien John T. , Ourselin Sebastien , Paranjothy Shantini , Park Ki-Soo , Porteous David J. , Richards Marcus , Ritchie Craig W. , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Rossor Martin N. , Rowe James B. , Scahill Rachael , Schnier Christian , Schott Jonathan M. , Seo Sang W. , South Matthew , Steptoe Matthew , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Tales Andrea , Tillin Therese , Timpson Nicholas J. , Toga Arthur W. , Visser Pieter-Jelle , Wade-Martins Richard , Wilkinson Tim , Williams Julie , Wong Andrew , Gallacher John E. J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Dementias Platform UK Data Portal is a data repository facilitating access to data for 3 370 929 individuals in 42 cohorts. The Data Portal is an end-to-end data management solution providing a secure, fully auditable, remote access environment for the analysis of cohort data. All projects utilising the data are by default collaborations with the cohort research teams generating the data. The Data Portal uses UK Secure eResearch Platform infrastructure to provide three core utilities: data discovery, access, and analysis. These are delivered using a 7 layered architecture comprising: data ingestion, data curation, platform interoperability, data discovery, access brokerage, data analysis and knowledge preservation. Automated, streamlined, and standardised procedures reduce the administrative burden for all stakeholders, particularly for requests involving multiple independent datasets, where a single request may be forwarded to multiple data controllers. Researchers are provided with their own secure ‘lab’ using VMware which is accessed using two factor authentication. Over the last 2 years, 160 project proposals involving 579 individual cohort data access requests were received. These were received from 268 applicants spanning 72 institutions (56 academic, 13 commercial, 3 government) in 16 countries with 84 requests involving multiple cohorts. Projects are varied including multi-modal, machine learning, and Mendelian randomisation analyses. Data access is usually free at point of use although a small number of cohorts require a data access fee.
Importance of Hydration and Surface Structure for Friction of Acrylamide Hydrogels
Authors: Simič Rok , Yetkin Melis , Zhang Kaihuan , Spencer Nicholas D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo understand the dissipative mechanisms in soft hydrogel lubrication, polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels with two distinct surface structures were examined under various contact conditions. The characteristic speed-dependent friction of the self-mated, crosslinked hydrogel surfaces could be explained by hydrodynamic shearing of a thin water layer between two rather impermeable bodies. On the other hand, the frictional response of brushy hydrogel surfaces is dependent on the contact conditions and the level of surface hydration. In a migrating contact, brushy hydrogels showed low, speed-independent friction (µ ~ 0.01) likely due to a thick layer of shearing liquid trapped within the sparse surface network. In stationary contact, however, brushy hydrogel surfaces can partially exude water from the near-surface region over time, as shown by time-resolved Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. This is assumed to be reflected in a friction increase over time. Interfacial shearing appears to shorten the characteristic exudation times compared to those observed under static loading. Once fluid has been exuded, brushy surfaces were shown to reach similar friction values as their crosslinked analogs. The results thus indicate that the dominating dissipation mechanism during sliding at low contact pressures is shearing of the interfacial liquid film, rather than poro-elastic dissipation within the bulk. Maintenance of surface hydration is therefore crucial, in order to take advantage of the low friction of such systems.
Forecasting PM2.5-induced lung cancer mortality and morbidity at county level in China using satellite-derived PM2.5 data from 1998 to 2016: a modeling study
Authors: Liao Wei-Bin , Ju Ke , Zhou Qian , Gao Ya-Min , Pan Jay 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe serious ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is one of the key risk factors for lung cancer. However, existing studies on the health effects of PM2.5in China were less considered the regional transport of PM2.5concentration. In this study, we aim to explore the association between lung cancer and PM2.5and then forecast the PM2.5-induced lung cancer morbidity and mortality in China. Ridge regression (RR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), model tree-based (MT) regression, regression tree (RT) approach, and the combined forecasting model (CFM) were alternative forecasting models. The result of the Pearson correlation analysis showed that both local and regional scale PM2.5concentration had a significant association with lung cancer mortality and morbidity and compared with the local lag and regional lag exposure to ambient PM2.5; the regional lag effect (0.172~0.235 for mortality; 0.146~0.249 for morbidity) was not stronger than the local lag PM2.5exposure (0.249~0.294 for mortality; 0.215~0.301 for morbidity). The overall forecasting lung cancer morbidity and mortality were 47.63, 47.86, 39.38, and 39.76 per 100,000 population. The spatial distributions of lung cancer morbidity and mortality share a similar spatial pattern in 2015 and 2016, with high lung cancer morbidity and mortality areas mainly located in the central to east coast areas in China. The stakeholders would like to implement a cross-regional PM2.5control strategy for the areas characterized as a high risk of lung cancer.
Process stability of a novel roughing-finishing end mill
Authors: Denkena B. , Grabowski R. , Krödel A. , Ellersiek L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, stability investigations of a novel roughing-finishing end mill are carried out. This tool possesses two sharp finishing teeth and two radially recessed, chamfered roughing teeth. By applying the same tool for roughing and finishing operations, tool changes and process time can be reduced. For the stability investigations, the semi-discretization method for calculating stability charts was extended and made applicable for the novel tool concept by taking into account the radial recession of the chamfered cutting teeth. This is necessary because the radial recession leads to varying time-delays during the tooth engagement. Stability charts were then calculated for roughing-finishing tools with different radial recession as well as for conventional finishing and roughing tools. Furthermore, experimental stability charts were created. The results show a good agreement between calculated and experimental stability charts for the finishing tool. However, the calculated stability limits of the roughing-finishing tool and the roughing tool do not met with the experimental stability limits, which is attributed to inaccuracies in the modelling of process damping. Nevertheless, calculated as well as experimental stability charts indicate a significant increase of the stability limit of the roughing-finishing tool compared to the finishing tool.
Bivalve Feeding Responses to Microalgal Bloom Species in the Indian River Lagoon: the Potential for Top-Down Control
Authors: Galimany Eve , Lunt Jessica , Freeman Christopher J. , Houk Jay , Sauvage Thomas , Santos Larissa , Lunt Jillian , Kolmakova Maria , Mossop Malcolm , Domingos Arthur , Phlips Edward J. , Paul Valerie J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn 2011, the Indian River Lagoon, a biodiverse estuary in eastern Florida (USA), experienced an intense microalgal bloom with disastrous ecological consequences. The bloom included a mix of microalgae with unresolved taxonomy and lasted for 7 months with a maximum concentration of 130 μg chlorophylla L−1. In 2012, brown tideAureoumbra lagunensisalso bloomed in portions of this estuary, with reoccurrences in 2016 and 2018. To identify and understand the role of grazer pressure (top-down control) on bloom formation, we coupled DNA sequencing with bivalve feeding assays using three microalgae isolated from the 2011 bloom and maintained in culture. Feeding experiments were conducted on widely distributed bivalve species in the lagoon, including eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), hooked mussels (Ischadium recurvum), charru mussels (Mytella charruana), green mussels (Perna viridis), Atlantic rangia (Rangia cuneata), and hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), which were exposed to 3 × 104cells mL−1of five species of microalgae consisting ofA. lagunensisand the three species clarified herein, the picocyanobacteriaCrocosphaerasp. and ‘Synechococcus’ sp., and the picochlorophytePicochlorumsp., as well asNannochloropsis oculataused as a control. To ensure clearance rates were indicative of consumption and assimilation, the microalgae were isotopically (15N) labeled prior to feeding experiments. Clearance rates differed among bivalve and microalgal species, but enriched15N values in bivalve tissue suggest that algal bloom species were assimilated by the bivalves. These results expand our understanding of the important ecosystem services that healthy, biodiverse filter feeder communities provide.
Geohydraulic study of aquifer characteristics in parts of Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State using electrical resistivity soundings
Authors: Oguama Bethrand Ekwundu , Ibuot Johnson Cletus , Obiora Daniel Nnaemeka 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGeophysical survey employing vertical electrical sounding (VES) was achieved in Enugu State College of Education (Technical). Schlumberger electrode configuration was used in acquiring the data which were interpreted using the WinResist software. Four to five geoelectric layers were delineated from the interpreted results. The hydraulic parameters (hydraulic conductivity, porosity, formation factor, tortuosity and transmissivity) were estimated from the values of resistivity and thickness which are primary geoelectric parameters. The result shows the hydraulic conductivity varying from 2.71 to 70.45 m/day, transmissivity: 49.2288–1127.944 m2/day, porosity: 33.71–49.44%, formation factor: 0.0014–0.0026 and tortuosity: 0.2667–0.2935. The zones with high and low values of these parameters were delineated. The potentiality of the aquifer units show moderate to high a reflection of the heterogeneity of the subsurface which is affected by the composition and geometry of the formation. The result from this study provides some important conclusions for future groundwater exploration and management.