bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new laboratory surrogate (Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1) for Disease Activity Score28: a favourable indicator for remission in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Liou Lieh-bang , Fang Yao-Fan , Tan Chih Feng , Lai Jenn-Haung , Jang Shr-shian , Tsai Ping-Han , Yeh Ting-chih 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis prospective one-year follow-up study was conducted from 835 visits in 178 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Tender-/swollen-joint count, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), Disease Activity Score 28-ESR (DAS28-ESR), DAS28-CRP, Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) and DAS28-monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (DAS28-MCP-1) scores were obtained every 3 months. Radiographs of hands and feet were acquired at baseline and one year. We evaluated the correlation and accuracy of activity scores in predicting remission, HAQ-DI changes and radiographic changes. DAS28-MCP-1 correlated strongly with DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP and SDAI scores (0.830, 0.899 and 0.931, respectively, with all P < 0.001). Score changes of DAS28-MCP-1 were comparable to those of DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP and SDAI in predicting changes in HAQ-DI and bone erosion. DAS28-MCP-1 (<2.2) was better than DAS28-ESR (<2.6) in indicating modified American Rheumatism Association remission and 2011 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism remission (75.61% vs. 36.99% and 81.71% vs. 49.13%, respectively) with odds ratios of 5.28 and 4.62 (both P < 0.001), respectively. We compared DAS28-MCP-1 with SDAI (≦3.3) in indicating remission with odds ratios of 2.63 (P = 0.002) and 0.98, respectively (and DAS28-MCP-1 with DAS28-CRP < 2.5: 1.33 and 0.92). Therefore, DAS28-MCP-1 is useful as an alternative in assessing RA activity.
The Punatsangchhu-I dam landslide illuminated by InSAR multitemporal analyses
Authors: Dini Benedetta , Manconi Andrea , Loew Simon , Chophel Jamyang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe use multitemporal analyses based on Synthetic Aperture Radar differential interferometry (DInSAR) to study the slope adjacent to the large Punatsangchhu-I hydropower plant, a concrete gravity dam under construction in Bhutan since 2009. Several slope failures affected the site since 2013, probably as a consequence of toe undercutting of a previously unrecognised active landslide. Our results indicate that downslope displacement, likely related to the natural instability, was already visible in 2007 on various sectors of the entire valley flank. Moreover, the area with active displacements impinging on the dam site has continuously increased in size since 2007 and into 2018, even though stabilization measures have been implemented since 2013. Stabilisation measures currently only focus on a small portion of the slope, however, the unstable area is larger than previously evaluated. Highly damaged rock is present across many areas of the entire valley flank, indicating that the volumes involved may be orders of magnitude higher than the area on which stabilisation efforts have been concentrated after the 2013 failure. The results highlight that satellite-based DInSAR could be systematically used to support decision making processes in the different phases of a complex hydropower project, from the feasibility study, to the dam site selection and construction phase.
Exosomal miR-21 promotes proliferation, invasion and therapy resistance of colon adenocarcinoma cells through its target PDCD4
Authors: Sun Li-Hua , Tian Dan , Yang Ze-Cheng , Li Jin-Long 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExosomes contain cell-specific collections of bioactive materials including proteins, lipids, and RNAs that are transported to recipient cells to exert their impacts. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can function as tumor suppressor or oncogenic genes and miR-21 is one of the most frequently up-regulated miRNAs in solid tumors including colon cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-21, secreted from exosomes, in proliferation and invasion of colon cancer, along with the mechanistic details. We used a variety of biochemical techniques including ultracentrifugation-based exosome purification, electron transmission microscopy, western blot and RT-qPCR to detect the expression levels of miR-21 in exosomes purified from culture media of human colonic adenocarcinoma cell lines. We then performed functional and mechanistic studies using three colon cancer cell lines HT29, T84 and LS174 as well as the normal colon epithelial cells CRL1831. miR-21 target PDCD4 was investigated for its role in mediating miR-21 effects. Expression of miR-21 was significantly up-regulated in exosomes of colon cancer cells, compared to the normal human colon epithelial cells. Treatment of colon cancer cells with isolated exosomes or miR-21 led to an increased expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, invasion and extracellular matrix formation. miR-21 targets PDCD4, TPM1 and PTEN were down-regulated by exosomes and silencing of PDCD4 mimicked miR-21 functional effects, even the induced resistance against 5-FU. Our study suggests that targeted inhibition of exosomes, particularly those carrying miR-21, may represent a novel approach for treatment of colorectal cancer.
City structure shapes directional resettlement flows in Australia
Authors: Slavko Bohdan , Glavatskiy Kirill , Prokopenko Mikhail 
Published: May 2020

AbstractModern urban science views differences in attractiveness of residential suburbs as the main driver of resettlement within a city. In particular, certain suburbs may attract residents due to lower commute costs, and this is believed to lead to compactification of a city, with highly populated central business district and sprawled suburbia. In this paper we assess residential resettlement patterns in Australian capital cities by analyzing the 2011 and 2016 Australian Census data. Rather than explicitly defining a residential attractiveness of each suburb in subjective terms, we introduce and calibrate a model which quantifies the intra-city migration flows in terms of the attractiveness potentials (and their differences), inferring these from the data. We discover that, despite the existence of well-known static agglomeration patterns favouring central districts over the suburbia, the dynamic flows that shape the intra-city migration over the last decade reveal the preference directed away from the central districts with a high density of jobs and population, towards the less populated suburbs on the periphery. Furthermore, we discover that the relocation distance of such resettlement flows plays a vital role, and explains a significant part of the variation in migration flows: the resettlement flow markedly decreases with the relocation distance. Finally, we propose a conjecture that these directional resettlement flows are explained by the cities’ structure, with monocentric cities exhibiting outward flows with much higher reluctance to long-distance relocation. This conjecture is verified across the major Australian capitals: both monocentric (Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, Hobart) and polycentric (Darwin and Canberra).
A Framework for Modeling Flood Depth Using a Hybrid of Hydraulics and Machine Learning
Authors: Hosseiny Hossein , Nazari Foad , Smith Virginia , Nataraj C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSolving river engineering problems typically requires river flow characterization, including the prediction of flow depth, flow velocity, and flood extent. Hydraulic models use governing equations of the flow in motion (conservation of mass and momentum principles) to predict the flow characteristics. However, solving such equations can be substantially expensive, depending upon their spatial extension. Moreover, modeling two- or three-dimensional river flows with high-resolution topographic data for large-scale regions (national or continental scale) is next to impossible. Such simulations are required for comprehensive river modeling, where a system of connected rivers is to be simulated simultaneously. Machine Learning (ML) approaches have shown promise for different water resources problems, and they have demonstrated an ability to learn from current data to predict new scenarios, which can enhance the understanding of the systems. The aim of this paper is to present an efficient flood simulation framework that can be applied to large-scale simulations. The framework outlines a novel, quick, efficient and versatile model to identify flooded areas and the flood depth, using a hybrid of hydraulic model and ML measures. To accomplish that, a two-dimensional hydraulic model (iRIC), calibrated by measured water surface elevation data, was used to train two ML models to predict river depth over the domain for an arbitrary discharge. The first ML model included a random forest (RF) classification model, which was used to identify wet or dry nodes over the domain. The second was a multilayer perceptron (MLP) model that was developed and trained by the iRIC simulation results, in order to estimate river depth in wet nodes. For the test data the overall accuracy of 98.5 percent was achieved for the RF classification. The regression coefficient for the MLP model for depth was 0.88. The framework outlined in this paper can be used to couple hydraulics and ML models to reduce the computation time, resources and expenses of large-scale, real-time simulations, specifically for two- or three-dimensional hydraulic modeling, where traditional hydraulic models are infeasible or prohibitively expensive.
Non-negative matrix factorisation is the most appropriate method for extraction of muscle synergies in walking and running
Authors: Rabbi Mohammad Fazle , Pizzolato Claudio , Lloyd David G. , Carty Chris P. , Devaprakash Daniel , Diamond Laura E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMuscle synergies provide a simple description of a complex motor control mechanism. Synergies are extracted from muscle activation patterns using factorisation methods. Despite the availability of several factorisation methods in the literature, the most appropriate method for muscle synergy extraction is currently unknown. In this study, we compared four muscle synergy extraction methods: non-negative matrix factorisation, principal component analysis, independent component analysis, and factor analysis. Probability distribution of muscle activation patterns were compared with the probability distribution of synergy excitation primitives obtained from the four factorisation methods. Muscle synergies extracted using non-negative matrix factorisation best matched the probability distribution of muscle activation patterns across different walking and running speeds. Non-negative matrix factorisation also best tracked changes in muscle activation patterns compared to the other factorisation methods. Our results suggest that non-negative matrix factorisation is the best factorisation method for identifying muscle synergies in dynamic tasks with different levels of muscle contraction.
EFC Activity: Highlights 2019
Authors: Illaire Hélène 
Published: May 2020

The European Federation of Corrosion (EFC) amalgamates associations and companies in Europe and beyond with common interests in corrosion. Its aim is to advance the science of corrosion and protection of materials by promoting cooperation in Europe and collaboration internationally. In January 2020, the EFC counted 38 member organisations (Member Societies and Affiliate Members), representing the corrosion interests of more than 25 000 engineers and scientists.
The EFC is proud to present below some highlights of its activities during the year 2019, and will continue to promote the interests of its members in 2020 and beyond.
Mikrochirurgische Penisrekonstruktion bei Intersexualität und nach Peniskarzinom
Authors: Schloßhauer T , Kueenzlen L , Spennato S , Bozkurt A , Sohn M , Rieger UM 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Ziele einer Phalloplastik sind ein möglichst natürliches Erscheinungsbild im Nacktzustand, die Fähigkeit zur Miktion im Stehen und die Kohabitationsfähigkeit. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt zwei seltenere Indikationen und Techniken dar, die Phalloplastik mittels freier A. radialis-Lappenplastik vom nicht dominanten Unterarm bei Intersexualität sowie nach Penisamputation infolge eines Peniskarzinoms.
Patienten und Methoden In unserer Klinik wurden im Verlauf der letzten Jahre zahlreiche Phalloplastiken bei transidenten Personen nach Gottlieb und Levine mittels freier A. radialis-Lappenplastik des nicht dominanten Unterarmes durchgeführt. Diese Technik hat jedoch ebenso ihre Bedeutung zur Penoidkonstruktion bei nicht transidenten Personen. Zwei Patienten werden detailliert hinsichtlich der Indikationsstellung und OP Technik betrachtet und wurden multimodal nachuntersucht. Bei Fall 1 handelt es sich um einen 35-jährigen genetisch männlichen Patienten mit Mikropenis bei Pseudohermaphroditismus masculinus und Androgenresistenz. Bei Fall 2 handelt es sich um einen 51-jährigen Patienten, bei dem aufgrund eines Peniskarzinoms eine Penisteilamputation auf Höhe der Peniswurzel notwendig war. Nach Rezidivfreiheit von 1,5 Jahren erfolgte die Penisrekonstruktion nach kompletter Resektion des noch vorhandenen Restpenis und der Restschwellkörper. Beide Patienten wurden 15 Monate postoperativ hinsichtlich der Sensorik der Phalloplastik und der Einschränkungen im Bereich der Lappenhebestelle multimodal nachuntersucht.
Ergebnisse Bei beiden Patienten, mit unterschiedlichen Indikationen, konnten ästhetische und hinsichtlich der Miktion funktionell akzeptable Phalloplastiken mittels freier A. radialis-Lappenplastik erzielt werden. Die multimodale Nachuntersuchung 15 Monate postoperativ ergab relevante Unterschiede in den sensorischen Befunden beider Patienten, die in der unterschiedlichen Anatomie der Reinnervation begründet sind.
Schlussfolgerung In mikrochirurgisch versierten Abteilungen kann auch bei den gezeigten selteneren Indikationen die Technik der A. radialis-Phalloplastik nach Gottlieb und Levine erfolgreich angewendet werden, d. h. ein zufriedenstellendes Ergebnis in Bezug auf Funktion und Ästhetik erreicht werden. Die gezeigten Komplikationen unterscheiden sich nicht von der Anwendung der Phalloplastik bei transidenten Patienten.
Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) – Ausbruch in Nordrhein-Westfalen (Kreis Heinsberg) – Erstdiagnose einer COVID-19-Infektion bei einem Ehepaar
Authors: Laufs Jendrik , Elsbernd Harry , Hölzl Friedrich , Winter Klaus-Dieter 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese und klinischer Befund Bis zum 24.02.2020 vereinzelt auftretende, nicht schwerverlaufende SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen in Deutschland. Notfallmäßige Vorstellung eines Ehepaars in der zentralen Notaufnahme. Der Mann gibt an, seit 7 Tagen an hochfieberhaften Temperaturen, trockenem Reizhusten und körperlicher Schwäche zu leiden, während die Ehefrau ähnliche Symptome in milderer Ausprägung bietet. In der klinischen Untersuchung fallen feinblasige Rasselgeräusche über beiden Lungen beider Patienten und eine respiratorische Insuffizienz des Ehemanns auf.
Untersuchungen und Diagnose Laborserologisch Erhöhung der Inflammationsparameter sowie der Transaminasen und der Laktatdehydrogenase. Röntgenologisch pulmonale Infiltrate unterschiedlicher Ausprägung bei beiden Patienten. Im weiteren Verlauf Nachweis einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion der Ehepartner mit schwerem Verlauf beim männlichen Patienten.
Therapie und Verlauf Intubation und Beatmung des männlichen Patienten bei mittelschwerem ARDS mit langer intensivmedizinischer Behandlung. Genesung der weiblichen Patientin unter Sauerstofftherapie.
Diskussion Diese beiden Fälle zeigen den Ausgangspunkt einer endemischen Verbreitung von SARS-CoV-2 im Landkreis Heinsberg (NRW) und bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt den ersten Fall eines lebensbedrohlichen Verlaufs in Deutschland.
Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba Inhibits Growth, Motility, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Kim Juyoung , Jung Kyung Hee , Choi Jin Gyu , Oh Myung Sook , Hong Soon-Sun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Artemisia gmelinii (Artemisia iwayomogi) has been used in traditional medicine to cure various infectious diseases such as cholecystitis, hepatitis, and jaundice. In this study, the Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba ethanol extract was investigated for the ability to inhibit growth of hepatocellular carcinoma and its underlying mechanism involved. The antiproliferative effect of Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba ethanol extract was evaluated using cell viability and proliferation assays. The effect of Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba ethanol extract on apoptosis was measured using western blotting, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin end labeling staining, JC-1 staining, cytochrome c release, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence in ex vivo mouse xenografts. Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba ethanol extract inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptotic effect of Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba ethanol extract was observed via increased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, as well as elevated numbers of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin end labeling-positive apoptotic cells. Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba ethanol extract also decreased XIAP and Mcl-1 expression via loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba ethanol extract inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion and migration. In the ex vivo model, Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba ethanol extract significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation and increased the number of apoptotic cells with more activated cleaved caspase-3. A mechanistic study revealed that Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba ethanol extract effectively suppressed the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Our findings demonstrate that Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba ethanol extract can efficiently induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth, migration, and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and simultaneously block PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. We therefore suggest Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba ethanol extract as a novel natural agent for prevention and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Phenolic-rich Pomegranate Peel Extract: In Vitro, Cellular, and In Vivo Activities for Skin Hyperpigmentation Treatment
Authors: Kanlayavattanakul Mayuree , Chongnativisit Wichayada , Chaikul Puxvadee , Lourith Nattaya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe pomegranate phenolics are reported to have cutaneous benefits and to be effective in treating skin disorders, including hyperpigmentation. In this context, a preparation method was developed by which to obtain phenolic-rich pomegranate peel extract. Sinapic acid was presented as the major pomegranate peel phenolics, followed by gallic and ellagic acids, and 4 additional phenolics. The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity with an in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory effect. The skin hyperpigmentation treating potency was confirmed by the suppression of cellular melanogenesis through tyrosinase and TRP-2 inhibitions as examined in the B16F10 melanoma cells. Cellular antioxidant and proliferative activities of the extract toward human dermal fibroblasts were evidenced, as well as an inhibitory effect against MMP-2. The extract was developed into the stable serum and mask. The products were proved to be non-irritated in 30 Thai volunteers participating in a single application closed patch test. A split-face, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled test of the skin lightening effect was evaluated in the 30 volunteers over 28 consecutive daily treatments and monitored by the Mexameter MX 18. The active serum and mask were better in facial skin lightening efficacy than the placebo (p < 0.005). That was in accordance with the sensory evaluation scored by the volunteers. Phenolic-rich pomegranate peel extract is evidenced as a safe herbal derived material promising for skin hyperpigmentation treatment. Supportive information regarding chemical and biological profiles is presented with the confirmed safety and cutaneous benefits in volunteers.
Postoperative Paralumbar Pseudoaneurysm: A Case Report
Authors: Eissa Abdullah Talat , Shahbaz Ahmed , Alhelal Fahd , Alhandi Ali , Abaalkhail Majed , Aleissa Sami , Konbaz Faisal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLumbar artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare adverse event that is presented in reports. It is associated with serious injuries such as in the retroperitoneal cavity and pelvis. Furthermore, infection and iatrogenic etiology were documented as well. This case report presents a patient with a chest stab wound and a fall from a 2-m height, which resulted in multiple spinal fractures that were treated surgically. However, he presented back with lumbar artery pseudoaneurysm 2 weeks postoperatively, which was treated successfully by endovascular embolization.
Comparison and Validation of Preoperative Planning Techniques for Distal Femoral Osteotomies and Proximal Tibial Osteotomies
Authors: Zhang David T. , Principe Peter S. , Fragomen Austin T. , Rozbruch S. Robert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPreoperative planning is important for accurate intraoperative execution in many surgical fields. Planning for distal femoral osteotomies (DFOs) and proximal tibial osteotomies (PTOs) consists of choosing the level of the osteotomy, measuring the angle of the osteotomy based on hip-knee-ankle alignment, and choosing a proper osteotomy wedge size. Medical imaging IT solutions company Sectra has implemented a new osteotomy tool in their radiographic system that is simpler than the accepted standard of modified center of rotation of angulation (mCORA) technique, yet unvalidated. In this study, we aim to compare the Sectra osteotomy tool versus the mCORA technique to measure the osteotomy angles as well as wedge sizes in both DFOs and PTOs to validate this new tool.We enrolled n = 30 consecutive patients with DFOs and n = 30 PTOs from the last year. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) along with descriptive statistics was used to evaluate for similarity between the two techniques. We also compared interobserver and intraobserver reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).The PCC for osteotomy angles in DFOs and PTOs were both 0.998 (p < 0.001 for both). For wedge sizes, the PCC in DFOs was 0.993 and 0.980 in PTOs (p < 0.001 for both). ICCs were high for both interobserver measurements in osteotomy angles and wedge sizes (range: 0.989–0.999) as well as intraobserver measurements (0.994–0.999).The Sectra osteotomy tool is a validated tool for preoperative measurements of DFOs and PTOs. It is reliable and simpler than the current practice of the mCORA technique. We suggest future studies to analyze this Sectra osteotomy tool in other settings as to incorporate it into widespread clinical use.