bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in patients with dilated vs. nondilated bile ducts: technical considerations and complications
Authors: Pedersoli Federico , Schröder Anja , Zimmermann Markus , Schulze-Hagen Maximilian , Keil Sebastian , Ulmer Tom Florian , Neumann Ulf Peter , Kuhl Christiane K. , Bruners Philipp , Isfort Peter 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare success, technical complexity, and complication rates of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in patients with dilated vs. nondilated bile ducts.

Methods
In a retrospective analysis, we evaluated all consecutive PTBD performed in our department over a period of 5 years. Technical success, technical data (side, fluoroscopy time, radiation dose, amount of contrast media, use of disposable equipment), procedure-related complications and peri-interventional mortality were compared for patients with dilated vs. non-dilated bile ducts. Independent t test and χ2 test were used to evaluate the statistical significance.

Results
A total of 253 procedures were performed on 187 patients, of whom 101/253 had dilated bile ducts and 152/253 not. In total, 243/253 procedures were successful. PTBD was significantly more often successful in patients with dilated vs. nondilated bile ducts (150/153 vs. 93/101; p 0.02). Overall complication rate (13%) did not differ significantly between patients with dilated vs. nondilated bile ducts. Procedures in patients with normal, nondilated bile ducts were associated with a significantly higher rate of post-interventional bleeding (5/101 vs. 0/152). Mean fluoroscopy time (42:36 ± 35:39 h vs. 30:28 ± 25:10 h; p 0.002) and amount of contrast media (66 ± 40 ml vs. 52 ± 24 ml; p 0.07) or use of disposables were significantly higher in patients with nondilated ducts. A significantly lower fluoroscopy time and amount of contrast medium were used in left hepatic PTBD.

Conclusion
Despite the higher technical complexity, PTBD with nondilated bile ducts was associated with similar overall complication rates but higher bleeding complications compared with PTBD with dilated bile ducts.

Key Points
• PTBD was associated with similar overall complication rates in patients with dilated vs. nondilated bile ducts.
• Although overall complication rates were low, PTBD in patients with nondilated bile ducts was associated with a higher incidence of post-interventional bleeding.
• PTBD in patients with nondilated bile ducts is technically more complex.
Crosslinking of hydrophilic polymers using polyperoxides
Authors: Borova Solomiia , Tokarev Victor , Stahlhut Philipp , Luxenhofer Robert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHydrogels that can mimic mechanical properties and functions of biological tissue have attracted great interest in tissue engineering and biofabrication. In these fields, new materials and approaches to prepare hydrogels without using toxic starting materials or materials that decompose into toxic compounds remain to be sought after. Here, we report the crosslinking of commercial, unfunctionalized hydrophilic poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) using peroxide copolymers in their melt. The influence of temperature, peroxide copolymer concentration, and duration of the crosslinking process has been investigated. The method allows to create hydrogels from unfunctionalized polymers in their melt and to control the mechanical properties of the resulting materials. The design of hydrogels with a suitable mechanical performance is of crucial importance in many existing and potential applications of soft materials, including medical applications.
SARS-CoV-2 testing and infection control strategies in European paediatric emergency departments during the first wave of the pandemic
Authors: Kohns Vasconcelos Malte , Renk Hanna , Popielska Jolanta , Nyirenda Nyang’wa Maggie , Burokiene Sigita , Gkentzi Despoina , Gowin Ewelina , Donà Daniele , Villanueva-Medina Sara , Riordan Andrew , Hufnagel Markus , Eisen Sarah , Da Dalt Liviana , Giaquinto Carlo , Bielicki Julia A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBetween February and May 2020, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, paediatric emergency departments in 12 European countries were prospectively surveyed on their implementation of SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) testing and infection control strategies. All participating departments (23) implemented standardised case definitions, testing guidelines, early triage and infection control strategies early in the outbreak. Patient testing criteria initially focused on suspect cases and later began to include screening, mainly for hospital admissions. Long turnaround times for test results likely put additional strain on healthcare resources.Conclusion: Shortening turnaround times for SARS-CoV-2 tests should be a priority. Specific paediatric testing criteria are needed.

What is Known:• WHO and public health authorities issued case definitions, testing and infection control recommendations for COVID-19 in January.• SARS-CoV-2 testing was made available across Europe in February.What is New:• Paediatric emergency departments implemented COVID-19-specific procedures rapidly, including case definitions, testing guidelines and early triage.• A third of surveyed departments waited more than 24 h for SARS-CoV-2 test to be reported, resulting in additional strain on resources.
Classification of Triples of Lattice Polytopes with a Given Mixed Volume
Authors: Averkov Gennadiy , Borger Christopher , Soprunov Ivan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present an algorithm for the classification of triples of lattice polytopes with a given mixed volume m in dimension 3. It is known that the classification can be reduced to the enumeration of so-called irreducible triples, the number of which is finite for fixed m. Following this algorithm, we enumerate all irreducible triples of normalized mixed volume up to 4 that are inclusion-maximal. This produces a classification of generic trivariate sparse polynomial systems with up to 4 solutions in the complex torus, up to monomial changes of variables. By a recent result of Esterov, this leads to a description of all generic trivariate sparse polynomial systems that are solvable by radicals.
Using smartphone app collected data to explore the link between mechanization and intra-household allocation of time in Zambia
Authors: Daum Thomas , Capezzone Filippo , Birner Regina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDigital tools may help to study socioeconomic aspects of agricultural development that are difficult to measure such as the effects of new policies and technologies on the intra-household allocation of time. As farm technologies target different crops and tasks, they can affect the time-use of men, women, boys, and girls differently. Development strategies that overlook such effects can have negative consequences for vulnerable household members. In this paper, the time-use patterns associated with different levels of agricultural mechanization during land preparation in smallholder farming households in Zambia were investigated. A novel data collection method was used: a pictorial smartphone application that allows real-time recording of time-use, which eliminates recall bias. Existing studies analyzing the intra-household allocation of resources often focus on adult males and females. This study paid particular attention to boys and girls as well as adults. The study addressed seasonal variations. Compositional data analysis was used to account for the co-dependence and sum constraint of time-use data. The study suggests a strong gender differentiation for land preparation activities among mechanized households; for households using manual labor, such differentiation was not found. There is some evidence that the surplus time associated with mechanization is used for off-farm and domestic work. The study cannot confirm concerns about negative second-round effects: mechanized land preparation is not associated with a higher workload for women and children during weeding and harvesting/processing. The study provides a proof-of-concept that smartphone applications can be used to collect socioeconomic data that are difficult to measure but of high relevance.
Digitalization and the third food regime
Authors: Prause Louisa , Hackfort Sarah , Lindgren Margit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article asks how the application of digital technologies is changing the organization of the agri-food system in the context of the third food regime. The academic debate on digitalization and food largely focuses on the input and farm level. Yet, based on the analysis of 280 digital services and products, we show that digital technologies are now being used along the entire food commodity chain. We argue that digital technologies in the third food regime serve on the one hand as a continuation of established information and communication technologies, thus deepening certain features of the existing food regime such as the retail sector’s control over global commodity chains. On the other hand, digital technologies also introduce new forms of control and value extraction based on the use of data and pave the way for large tech companies to take over market shares in the agri-food sector. Finally, we find that multinational agri-food companies are starting to take on the business models of leading digital tech companies, for instance by developing digital platforms throughout the agri-food system. We argue that this shows that the broader economic restructuring of neoliberal capitalism towards digital capitalism is also making its way into the agri-food system.
ArielRad: the Ariel radiometric model
Authors: Mugnai Lorenzo V. , Pascale Enzo , Edwards Billy , Papageorgiou Andreas , Sarkar Subhajit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractArielRad, the Ariel radiometric model, is a simulator developed to address the challenges in optimising the space mission science payload and to demonstrate its compliance with the performance requirements. Ariel, the Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, has been selected by ESA as the M4 mission in the Cosmic Vision programme and, during its 4 years primary operation, will provide the first unbiased spectroscopic survey of a large and diverse sample of transiting exoplanet atmospheres. To allow for an accurate study of the mission, ArielRad uses a physically motivated noise model to estimate contributions arising from stationary processes, and includes margins for correlated and time-dependent noise sources. We show that the measurement uncertainties are dominated by the photon statistic, and that an observing programme with about 1000 exoplanetary targets can be completed during the primary mission lifetime.
Church Attendance and Religious change Pooled European dataset (CARPE): a survey harmonization project for the comparative analysis of long-term trends in individual religiosity
Authors: Biolcati Ferruccio , Molteni Francesco , Quandt Markus , Vezzoni Cristiano 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite the long-lasting interest in religious change, debates on the topic have been heated and are still far from being settled. In order to provide a reliable data source through which to study these dynamics, the CARPE project harmonizes well-known international surveys containing items concerning religiosity (the ESS, Eurobarometer, EVS, ISSP and WVS). This makes it possible to broaden the available observation window, both across countries and over time. Moreover, the opportunities this provides for comparing different survey programmes also enable researchers to analyse the consistency of the results, minimizing the impact of random fluctuations and providing useful information with respect to the degree of confidence which can be placed on the relevant estimates. The main focus of this cumulative approach is the variable regarding church attendance, which has been harmonized in various ways. All in all, the CARPE dataset contains figures of religious practice for 45 countries spanning the period of 1970–2016 and derived from 1665 national surveys. This results in a sample of approximately 1.8 million individual observations. The aim of this contribution is to present the dataset’s composition, the harmonization procedure adopted, the strategy used to combine the single datasets and the reliability tests which have been performed. Finally, some possible applications of the CARPE dataset will be introduced.
Longitudinal trends in master track and field performance throughout the aging process: 83,209 results from Sweden in 16 athletics disciplines
Authors: Ganse Bergita , Kleerekoper Anthony , Knobe Matthias , Hildebrand Frank , Degens Hans 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the research of age-related performance declines, the value of cross-sectional versus longitudinal data is an ongoing debate. This paper analyses the largest longitudinal master track and field data set ever published to compare the age-related decline in performance between 16 athletics disciplines in cross-sectional and longitudinal data. The data set contained 83,209 results (64,948 from men, 78.1%; 18,261 from women, 21.9%) from 34,132 athletes (26,186 men, 76.7%; 7946 women, 23.3%), aged 35–97 years. In 61 athletes, 20 or more, and in 312 athletes, 15 or more results were available. The data were analyzed by regression statistics/ANCOVA. Men had a higher performance than women, irrespective of discipline in both cross-sectional and longitudinal data (p < 0.001). The performance in cross-sectional data was lower compared with the longitudinal data in all events and at any age (p ≤ 0.007) except for 1000 m men. The average age was lower in the cross-sectional than the longitudinal data (p < 0.001); men 46 and 58 years, women 44 and 56 years, respectively. The annual percentage rate of decline did not differ significantly between cross-sectional and longitudinal data, or between sexes in most disciplines. Performance declines after age 70 were 1.7 times (men) and 1.4 times (women) as steep as before. In conclusion, although longitudinal master athletics data of athletes with 10 and more results has higher average performance and age compared with cross-sectional data, cross-sectional data give a good impression of the annual percentage decline in performance, which was similar in men and women.
Time-Lapse Imaging of Ag3Sn Thermal Coarsening in Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu Solder Joints
Authors: Xian J. W. , Belyakov S. A. , Gourlay C. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe coarsening of Ag3Sn particles occurs during the operation of joints and plays an important role in failure. Here, Ag3Sn coarsening is studied at 125°C in the eutectic regions of Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu/Cu solder joints by SEM-based time-lapse imaging. Using multi-step thresholding segmentation and image analysis, it is shown that coalescence of Ag3Sn particles is an important ripening process in addition to LSW-like Ostwald ripening. About 10% of the initial Ag3Sn particles coalesced during ageing, coalescence occurred uniformly across eutectic regions, and the scaled size distribution histograms contained large particles that can be best fit by the Takajo model of coalescence ripening. Similar macroscopic coarsening kinetics were measured between the surface and bulk Ag3Sn particles. Tracking of individual surface particles showed an interplay between the growth/shrinkage and coalescence of Ag3Sn.
Impact of COVID-19 on Obesity Management Services in the United Kingdom (The COMS-UK study)
Authors: Moussa Osama , Zakeri Roxanna , Arhi Chanpreet , O’Kane Mary , Snowdon-Carr Vanessa , Menon Vinod , Mahawar Kamal , Purkayastha Sanjay ,   On behalf of the PanSurg collaborative (COVESITY)
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has had a severe impact on all aspects of global healthcare delivery. This study aimed to investigate the nationwide impact of the pandemic on obesity management services in the UK in a questionnaire-based survey conducted of professionals involved in the delivery. A total of 168 clinicians took the survey; the majority of which maintained their usual clinical roles and were not redeployed except physicians and nurse specialists. Nearly all (97.8%) elective bariatric surgery was cancelled, 67.3% of units cancelled all multidisciplinary meeting activity, and the majority reduced clinics (69.6%). Most respondents anticipated that the services would recommence within 1–3 months. This study found that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe impact on the services involved in the management of patients suffering from severe, complex obesity in the UK
Optimization of the Performance of Marine Diesel Engines to Minimize the Formation of SOx Emissions
Authors: Tadros Mina , Ventura Manuel , Guedes Soares C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOptimization procedures are required to minimize the amount of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions from marine engines. This study discusses the procedures to optimize the performance of any marine engine implemented in a 0D/1D numerical model in order to achieve lower values of exhaust emissions. From that point, an extension of previous simulation researches is presented to calculate the amount of SOx emissions from two marine diesel engines along their load diagrams based on the percentage of sulfur in the marine fuel used. The variations of SOx emissions are computed in g/kW·h and in parts per million (ppm) as functions of the optimized parameters: brake specific fuel consumption and the amount of air-fuel ratio respectively. Then, a surrogate model-based response surface methodology is used to generate polynomial equations to estimate the amount of SOx emissions as functions of engine speed and load. These developed non-dimensional equations can be further used directly to assess the value of SOx emissions for different percentages of sulfur of the selected or similar engines to be used in different marine applications.
Review of Underwater Ship Hull Cleaning Technologies
Authors: Song Changhui , Cui Weicheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive review and analysis of ship hull cleaning technologies. Various cleaning methods and devices applied to dry-dock cleaning and underwater cleaning are introduced in detail, including rotary brushes, high-pressure and cavitation water jet technology, ultrasonic technology, and laser cleaning technology. The application of underwater robot technology in ship cleaning not only frees divers from engaging in heavy work but also creates safe and efficient industrial products. Damage to the underlying coating of the ship caused by the underwater cleaning operation can be minimized by optimizing the working process of the underwater cleaning robot. With regard to the adhesion technology mainly used in underwater robots, an overview of recent developments in permanent magnet and electromagnetic adhesion, negative pressure force adhesion, thrust force adhesion, and biologically inspired adhesion is provided. Through the analysis and comparison of current underwater robot products, this paper predicts that major changes in the application of artificial intelligence and multirobot cooperation, as well as optimization and combination of various technologies in underwater cleaning robots, could be expected to further lead to breakthroughs in developing next-generation robots for underwater cleaning.
Context-Relative Norms Determine the Appropriate Type of Consent in Clinical Biobanks: Towards a Potential Solution for the Discrepancy between the General Data Protection Regulation and the European Data Protection Board on Requirements for Consent
Authors: Indrakusuma R. , Kalkman S. , Koelemay M. J. W. , Balm R. , Willems D. L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClinical biobanks processing data of participants in the European Union (EU) fall under the scope of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which among others includes requirements for consent. These requirements are further specified by the Article 29 Working Party (WP29)—an EU advisory body currently known as the European Data Protection Board (EDPB). Unfortunately, their guidance is cause for some confusion. While the GDPR allows participants to give broad consent for research when specific research purposes are still unknown, the WP29 guidelines suggest that additional consent for specific uses should be obtained in addition to broad consent when this becomes applicable. This discrepancy elicits the question whether clinical biobanks can fail the requirement of consent if they obtain broad consent, but not a specific consent for each biomedical study. We analysed this discrepancy within the framework of contextual integrity, in order to describe the context-relative informational norms that govern information flows in clinical biobanks. However, our analysis demonstrates that there is no uniform set of norms that can be applied to all clinical biobanks. As such, neither the GDPR nor the WP29 guidance can act as a “one size fits all” approach to all clinical biobanks. Rather, differences between clinical biobanks—especially regarding the scientific aims and patient populations—make the case for context-relative norms that determine the appropriate type of consent.
Chromatin Dynamics in Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis: A Paradigm of Cell Fate Determination versus Cell Plasticity
Authors: Rispal Jérémie , Escaffit Fabrice , Trouche Didier 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe rapid renewal of intestinal epithelium is mediated by a pool of stem cells, located at the bottom of crypts, giving rise to highly proliferative progenitor cells, which in turn differentiate during their migration along the villus. The equilibrium between renewal and differentiation is critical for establishment and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and is regulated by signaling pathways (Wnt, Notch, Bmp…) and specific transcription factors (TCF4, CDX2…). Such regulation controls intestinal cell identities by modulating the cellular transcriptome. Recently, chromatin modification and dynamics have been identified as major actors linking signaling pathways and transcriptional regulation in the control of intestinal homeostasis. In this review, we synthesize the many facets of chromatin dynamics involved in controlling intestinal cell fate, such as stemness maintenance, progenitor identity, lineage choice and commitment, and terminal differentiation. In addition, we present recent data underlying the fundamental role of chromatin dynamics in intestinal cell plasticity. Indeed, this plasticity, which includes dedifferentiation processes or the response to environmental cues (like microbiota’s presence or food ingestion), is central for the organ’s physiology. Finally, we discuss the role of chromatin dynamics in the appearance and treatment of diseases caused by deficiencies in the aforementioned mechanisms, such as gastrointestinal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.