bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power management system for hybrid AC/DC microgrid based on high frequency isolated interlink converter
Authors: Linn Zarchi , Win Soe 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The hybrid AC/DC microgrid systems have been popular and being developed as the next generation power systems because of the comprehensive combination of both AC and DC microgrid systems. Power management scheme is one of the most critical operation aspects for hybrid microgrids because the system is operating with various generation sources and loads such as renewable energy sources, energy storage systems and AC and DC loads. Therefore, in this research, control strategies and power management scheme is considered for all possible operation modes of standalone and grid-connected conditions. In the existing microgrid system in Electrical Power Engineering department in Yangon Technological University, rooftop PV plant and battery are cooperating to supply the electricity. The inverter in this system allows the unidirectional power flow from DC to AC and there is no specific power management system for grid-connected and standalone operation mode. To provide bidirectional power flow in the existing system, the configuration of converter and control strategies for power management system are developed in this research. To provide the bidirectional power flow between AC bus and DC bus, the bidirectional interlink power converter with high frequency isolation is applied. The control system including the power balancing between generation and demand, DC link voltage control and AC link voltage and frequency control is considered. By applying droop control method in the developed system, power flow balancing between AC bus and DC bus is maintained. And also, using high frequency isolation transformer in interlink converter provides fast response of the system performance and maintaining continuous power supply within each AC system and DC system during disturbance condition in one subsystem. The performance of the proposed power management system is demonstrated by using MATLAB/Simulink.
Identification of cumulative damage at the blade root of AB92 blade using Palmgren-Miner’s rule
Authors: Augusto G.L. , Culaba A.B. , Chen W.H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study presents the identification of cumulative damage at the blade root of AVANTIS AB92 wind turbine blade by evaluating the simulations generated output obtained from GH Bladed software. The blade length was 45.3 m and consisted of six (6) different airfoils. The blade material was made of GRP/Epoxy with a weight of 10.2 tons. At the blade root, the bolt hole circle diameter was 2.3 m with a 1.3 m distance from hub centre to rotor shaft flange. The fatigue loads at the blade connection of AB92 were performed according to Germanischer Lloyd guideline for a 2.5 MW horizontal axis wind turbine generator with wind class IEC IIA. The simulations were performed when the turbine operates during power production with and without occurrence of fault with wind condition satisfying the normal turbulence model. Design load cases such as during start-up and normal shutdown were also carried out with wind condition similar to normal wind profile model. The fatigue load cases at the blade connection were post-processed by determining the rainflow cycle counting and damage equivalent loads using GH Bladed software. Statistical estimation models such as graphical and exponential methods were also used to predict the Weibull parameters. The total fatigue damages due to bending moments and torsion at the blade connection were evaluated using the Palmgren-Miner’s rule at different expected behaviour of S-N curves. Calculation results indicate that the total fatigue damage due to torsion, flapwise and edgewise bending moments at the blade connection of AB92 when the slope parameter of S-N curve i.e., m = 3 are less than unity with values of 0.8702, 0.0354 and 0.0180, respectively.
Anodized stainless mesh for flexible battery anodes
Authors: Nguyen D-T , Iwai K , Kawakami K , Taguchi K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The fast development of flexible electronic devices in recent years requires the development of flexible batteries. In this study, a compact and flexible battery (15 mm × 15 mm) was developed. The anode electrode of the battery was based on an anodized stainless mesh coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The battery can be activated anytime, anywhere, by saline solution. The anodization process was applied to the anode electrode. After the heat-treatment process, the anodized stainless mesh was coated MWCNTs. The power generation characteristics of the flexible battery were investigated. Two types of anode electrodes made of stainless mesh with and without anodization were used for the experiment. The anodized stainless mesh anode generated 169 µW/cm2, which is four times higher than that of the anode without anodization, 41.9 µW/cm2.
Experimental investigation of the performance of thermal energy storage with embedded phase change materials as wall insulator
Authors: Kee Lee Hooi , Kurnia Jundika C , Haryoko Luthfi AF , Riyandwita Byan Wahyu , Sasmito Agus P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Thermal energy storage (TES) has been widely adopted to bridge the mismatch between energy supply and demand. In general, thermal energy storage is segregated as sensible TES and latent TES whereby both have their own advantages and disadvantages. This study explores the possibility of utilizing the advantages of both sensible and latent TES by embedding phase change materials as a wall of the sensible TES. To investigate the performance of the proposed TES, an experimental set-up of TES with PCM embedded in the wall is developed. Temperature distribution within TES is measured and recorded during charging and discharging process. Several key parameters are evaluated to gauge their influence on the performance of the studied TES. The results indicate that the performance of TES with embedded PCM is superior that that without PCM, indicating the potential of the proposed design for high performance thermal energy storage application.
Performance of the prototype shaftless small scale horizontal wind turbine for electricity generating from industrial exhaust air system
Authors: Puttichaem Wachira , Boonyongmaneerat Yuttanant , Vadhanasindhu Pakpachong , Putivisutisak Sompong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Man-made or unnatural wind from the industrial exhaust air system is an alternative wind resource for countries with natural low-speed or intermittent wind such as Thailand. It has strong and consistent wind speed when compared to the natural wind, with velocity about 5 to 10 m/s at a distance of 5 cm from the exhaust air outlet. However, some negative impacts to the exhaust air system performance was observed when a conventional wind turbine was employed. The objective of this research is to feasibility study the practicality of a prototype shaftless small scale horizontal axis wind turbine (SSHWT) to generate electricity from the exhaust air of the industrial exhaust air system. Aerodynamic, blade and generator designs were addressed in this study to maximize energy output and minimize negative impacts to the performance of the original exhaust air system. The performance of SSHWT was tested with a selected industrial fan that is widely used in industrial sections. The results showed that the SSHWT could generate electricity with less negative effect to exhaust air system performance. However, it still needs further improvements caused by the voltage output is too low. By the concept design, this innovative wind turbine is compact, thus needs only small space for installation. This SSHWT has high market potential for low wind speed countries to take advantage of unnatural wind resources which are better in terms of efficiency and economy for sustainable energy development.
Experimental study on waste heat recovery system of an internal combustion engine using thermoelectric technology
Authors: Suhaimi Nur Athirah , Singh Baljit , Remeli Muhammad Fairuz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Internal combustion engines do not effectively convert energy from the chemical reaction into useful energy, notably mechanical energy. In fact, majority of the energy are converted into heat energy, and dissipated into environment which does not fully contribute to the performance of internal combustion engine. This results in lower overall efficiency of the engine. The heat released into the environment can be converted into useful electrical energy by using thermoelectric generator (TEG). TEG consists of cold side and hot side and works based on the principle of Seebeck effect. The hot side of TEG is exposed to hot surfaces of the exhaust, and the cold side is cooled with fan cooled heat sink. The function of heat sink is to increase the temperature differences across the TEG. The conversion of waste heat into electricity by TEG in an automobile can be a good case study to replace the alternator for battery charging and increase the overall efficiency of the Internal Combustion (IC) engine. In this study, eight pieces of TEG with dimensions of 40 mm x 40 mm each were attached to a square heat exchanger. This heat exchanger was connected to the exhaust pipe of the engine. The temperature recorded in the exhaust was more than 150 °C. Thermocuples were embedded on the hot side and cold side of the thermoelectric generators to evaluate the temperature differences across the TEGs. The output of the TEGs were obtained at idle and half-throttled engine conditions. An electronic load was applied to obtain the voltage, current and the power output from the TEGs system. The TEGs were tested individually, all connected in series and parallel connections. The maximum output voltage was recorded for the series connections at 5.8 V with an average hot side temperature of 48 ° C across TEGs. Maximum power output obtained when all the TEGs connected in series was at 2.3 W.
Design and simulation of grid-connected photovoltaic-diesel hybrid system
Authors: Thar Hla Aye , Ya Aung Ze , Win Yee Yee , Kyi Phyu Aye Myat , Myint Kay Khaing , Win Sein May Thu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The availability of reliable electrical energy is essential in developing countries for functioning in modern economies such as in residential, industrial and commercial developments. The sources to produce electricity can be divided into two categories: renewable sources and non-renewable sources. Renewable energies are sources of clean and inexhaustible energies which can be produced from natural resources and they produce neither greenhouse gases nor polluting emissions. There are variety of renewable energy such as wind energy, solar energy, hydro energy, biomass and biofuel energy and etc. The photovoltaic-diesel hybrid systems are systems that combine photovoltaic system and diesel generators to generate electricity. There are many types of photovoltaic-hybrid system. They are series hybrid, switch hybrid and parallel hybrid. In the series photovoltaic-hybrid system, Photovoltaic generator or diesel generator is used along with battery bank to charge. In this paper, the sizing of photovoltaic-diesel hybrid system with grid connection is calculated for the electricity consumption of an industry. The study area of this paper is located in North Okkalapa township, Yangon division, Myanmar and at latitude 16°53’06.9“N and longitude 96°09’17.8”E. The load consumption of this garment factory is firstly collected. In this paper, a photovoltaic system was designed. The number of modules, the number of inverters, and the efficient techniques of connecting them together was stated. Also the area of the designed photovoltaic system was calculated, and a suitable location for the system was chosen. The sizing calculation of the system is designed by using HELIOSCOPE software and HOMER software.
Techno-economic investigation of a grid-connected photovoltaic-biomass hybrid system for shaping the sustainable electrification in Ayeyarwady delta of Myanmar
Authors: Ya Aung Ze , Thar Hla Aye , Win Yee Yee , Moe Khin Moe , Myint Kay Khaing , Win Sein May Thu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article presents the techno-economic investigation of the Grid-connected Hybrid system by harnessing the abundant potentials of Renewables in Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar. The focused village in this study, Ma Yan Chaung, is geographically situated at latitude 16°35’7“N and longitude 94°54’7”E. Its annual average Solar GHI (Global Horizontal Irradiation) is 5.08 kWh per m2 per day. It is included in the electrified (Grid arrived) village tract of Moke Soe Kwin and located in the Myaungmya Township. Site survey to that village was conducted in May, 2019. According to the collected data, the available Biomass is 480 tonnes per day and the estimated demand of the focused village is 2296 kWh per day with 361.7 kW peak. The thousands of different models are simulated in the powerful Microgrid tool, HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources) Pro (version 3.13.3). Then, the feasible Grid-connected system is proposed with 100 kW PV; 1,800 kW Biomass; 45 kW Converter; total NPC (Net Present Cost) 4,255,082 $; levelized COE (Cost of Energy) 0.01575 $ per kWh; Initial Capital 524,000 $, and Operating Cost 219,337 $. Annual Energy Sold to Grid is 15,045,299 kWh and Average Monthly Energy Sold is 1253775 kWh. The simulated results significantly demonstrate the good performance and the available benefits of the proposed system. Moreover, this system can shape the Sustainable Electrification to tackle the Climate Crisis in Ayeyarwady Delta Region of Myanmar.
Experimental investigation of a diffuser-integrated vertical axis wind turbine
Authors: Wang X.H. , Wong K.H. , Chong W.T. , Ng J.H. , Xiang X.B. , Wang C.T. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The increase in energy demand and environmental pollution issues has led to the growth of utilizing renewable energy. Wind energy has become one of the main alternatives for power generation. In order to enhance the performance of the horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT), the application of a diffuser is one of the innovative methods. At present, research on deploying the diffuser on the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) remains scarce. This paper presents the experimental study on the aerodynamic characteristics of a small H-rotor VAWT integrated with a diffuser. The diffuser comprises a pair of flat plates with an inclined angle of 30° at the outlet, with the VAWT is located between the diffuser. A comparison between the turbine performance with and without the diffuser has been conducted. From the experiment, it shows that with the presence of the diffuser, the performance of the VAWT has increased significantly. The power obtained for the bare turbine and with the diffuser is 0.38 W and 0.48 W respectively which is increased by about 26.3% and occurring at 300 rpm. Moreover, with the diffuser, the incoming velocity is also increased. This is due to the presence of the diffuser which enables the flow expansion and creates a low-pressure region at the downwind; inducing a higher incoming wind flow to the VAWT and enhancing its performance. In addition, the rotational speed and a better self-start ability can be achieved with the presence of the diffuser.
Numerical investigation of heat storage in a chemical heat storage system for saving exhaust gas energy in internal combustion engines
Authors: Cao Duc Luong , Hong Guang , Le Tuan Anh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Thermal energy storage has become more and more important to improving the overall efficiency of energy systems by utilising the wasted energy. This study was aimed to develop a chemical heat storage (CHS) system using EM8block and its dehydration and hydration reactions to recover the thermal energy wasted by the exhaust gases in internal combustion (IC) engines. To experimentally investigate the performance of the CHS system in the heat storage process, a CHS system was developed and tested on a Diesel engine (D1146TI). To further investigate the CHS system in engine conditions more than that in experiments, a CFD model of the CHS system was developed using the commercial code of ANSYS FLUENT as a platform. In the 60 minutes mode, the maximum stored energy in the CHS system was 21.9 MJ which was equivalent to 4.78% of exhaust gas energy with 72.54% of the EM8block reacted at the full engine load. The stored energy and the percentage of reacted EM8block decreased with the decrease of the engine load. In the full charge mode, the simulation results showed that the time on fully charge of the CHS reduced with the increase of the engine load and that the shortest time was 67.1 minutes at full engine load. This time on full charging increased to 110.3 minutes at 50% engine load. The simulation results also showed that the maximum percentage of the exhaust gas energy stored in the CHS system was 7.14% at 70% engine load.
Efficient battery thermal management system design to ensure fast charging in extreme cold conditions
Authors: Tibrewala Himanshu , Ruhatiya C. , Gao Liang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In extreme cold conditions, there are negative consequences on battery life due to extremely slower rate of chemical reactions, resulting in lower charging rates. Therefore, an efficient battery thermal management system is required to ensure temperature optimization is low which may also result in charging. In best of authors understanding, there is hardly any research being carried out in this direction. In this paper, an Intelligent Optimization framework combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) shall be proposed to optimize the heating method accuracy so as to maintain the uniform and desired temperature across the battery for ensuring smooth and quick charging. Battery pack model shall be designed in CFD platform and the thermal analysis shall be carried for given set of conditions (such as constant heat source, air flow rate, air temperature). Based on the obtained set of analysis samples, a model shall be formulated illustrating relationship between the minimum temperature output and the inputs (air flow rate, air temperature, etc.). The minimum temperature output shall be maximized using NSGA II so as to determine the optimum set of input conditions (air flow rate, air temperature, etc.). The battery pack simulation revealed that thermal system utilizing a liquid medium is more effective than air medium. Future research directions shall be discussed in the end.
Study the effects of different media derived from palm shell for marine shrimp discharge filtration
Authors: Kruatong Nattakarn , Vinitnantharat Soydoa , Phoolphundh Sivawan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Marine shrimp culture is important in agricultural sector which generates income for farmers. If marine shrimp culture is not proper management, it can cause environmental impacts on coastal ecosystem and water quality. Some areas use water spraying, washing and then flushing the pond bottom after shrimp harvesting and discharge water to receiving water which high nutrient and suspended solids exceeded the effluent standard. This research studied the marine shrimp discharge filtration using different media derived from palm shell. Three different media types for wastewater filtration were palm shell biochar (B), raw palm shell (R) and palm shell mixed with palm shell biochar (volume ratio of 1:1) (M). The simulated wastewater was daily fed via the top of the filter in semi-continuous mode (8 hours/day) at the hydraulic retention time of 4 h. During the 54 days of operation, water sample was collected to analyse SS, BOD, NH3-N, TP and FCB. At day 54th of operation, the average suspended solids (SS) removal efficiencies of B, R and M were 84, 82 and 84%, respectively, and the average total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies were 33, 28 and 30%, respectively. All filters could remove ammonia on the first 30 days of operation in which the concentration met the standard requirement of <1.1 mg/L. The average influent biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentration of 27 mg/L can be reduced to less than 20 mg/L after 3 days of operation in all filters. In addition, all filters were able to reduce the fecal coliform bacteria (FCB) to a lower concentration. Thus, these three different media are environmentally friendly material that can be used for effluent water filtration in the small-scale shrimp farm.
Synthesis of magnetite macro-bead for water remediation: process optimization via manipulation of bead size and surface morphology
Authors: Wai S Y , Yeap S P , Jawad Z A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Particulate-based adsorbents have been actively researched for water remediation. Despite being successful, this approach raises technical concern toward the end of its’ implementation whereby the adsorbents are to be separated from the treated water. Separating the adsorbents via common filtration or centrifugation can be energy-intensive. Noting this, the present study prepared magnetite macro-beads (MMB) which can be easily isolated using a magnetic collector. Here, magnetite nanoparticles were impregnated into calcium alginate bead via facile drop-wise addition. The formed MMB was found effective in dye removal and the efficiency can be optimized by manipulate the bead’s size and surface morphology. In specific, MMB of size 2.0 mm outperformed the bigger counterparts. In terms of surface morphology, large quantity of magnetite nanoparticles loading (≥10 g/L) blocked major pores of the alginate surface and reduced its efficiency. More importantly, the MMB can be rapidly separated (in < 5 seconds) using a NdFeB magnet owing to cooperative magnetophoresis effect.
Development of antifouling poly(vinylidene fluoride) ultrafiltration membrane with the addition of polyethylene glycol as additive
Authors: Jie Sin Jun , Seng Ooi Boon , Hui Ting Lyly Leow , Yao Sum Jing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPoly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is commonly used to fabricate ultrafiltration (UF) membrane due to its excellent thermal stability and chemical resistance. However, it is hydrophobic and hence has higher fouling tendency due to hydrophobic interaction with foulants. In this study, the antifouling properties of PVDF UF membranes was enhanced through the addition/blending of hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) of varying molecular weight. The addition of low molecular weight (200 Da, 4000 Da) PEG enhances the membrane’s pure water permeability (from 22.049 L/m2hr bar to 24.791 L/m2hr bar) which could be explained by the improved surface wettability. However, the addition of large PEG (35k Da) on other hand reduces the membrane’s pure water permeability (from 20.408 L/m2hr bar to 9.181 L/m2hr bar), with increasing rejection on humic acid (82.6 % to 98.5 %). This is due to the formation of a denser membrane with narrower surface pores. The membrane synthesized from 20% (w/v) PVDF with the addition of 4 g PEG 4000 Da showed better antifouling characteristic compared to pure PVDF membrane which could be explained by the enhancement of surface hydrophilicity. Nonetheless, the PVDF/PEG composite UF membrane suffered from rejection loss due to the leaching of PEG molecules from the membrane matrix. Lastly, a regeneration test is performed by flushing the used membrane (after the filtration on humic acid) with distilled water for one-hour duration. SEM images on the membrane surface reveals that the deposited humic acid layer was completely removed and the membrane was successfully recovered to its initial state. The results signified that the addition of PEG could enhances the hydrophilicity of the membrane and hence improving the membrane’s antifouling characteristic.