bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does paternal immunocompetence affect offspring vulnerability to maternal androgens? A study in domestic chickens
Authors: Lelono Asmoro , Robledo-Ruiz Diana A. , Berghof Tom V. L. , Parmentier Henk K. , Riedstra Bernd , Groothuis Ton G. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Exposure of yolk androgens can positively stimulate chick growth and competitive ability, but may negatively affect immunity. It has been hypothesized that only chicks from immunologically superior fathers can bear the cost of prenatal exposure to high androgen levels. To test this hypothesis, we paired roosters from two selection lines, one up- and one down-selected for natural antibodies (NAbs), with hens from a control line. We measured yolk testosterone and androstenedione levels, and we injected the treatment group of eggs of each female with testosterone suspended in sesame oil and the control group with sesame oil only. We then measured hatching success and growth, and characterized the humoral and cellular immune responses using three different challenges: a phyto-hemagglutinin, a lipopolysaccharide and a sheep red blood cell challenge. We found that the hatching success, body mass, initial levels of natural antibodies and the chicks’ immunological responses to the three different challenges and development were affected neither by paternal immunocompetence nor by treatment. These results do not support the hypothesis that chicks from low-NAb line fathers are more sensitive to testosterone exposure during embryonic development than chicks from high-NAb line fathers.
CT and MRI features of calvarium and skull base osteosarcoma (CSBO)
Authors: Luo Zhendong , Chen Weiguo , Shen Xinping , Qin Genggeng , Yuan Jianxiang , Hu Biying , Lyu Jianxun , Pan Derun 
Published: November 2019

Objective:
This study aims to assess the CT and MRI features of calvarium and skull base osteosarcoma (CSBO).

Methods:
The CT and MRI features and pathological characteristics of 12 cases of pathologically confirmed CSBO were analyzed retrospectively.

Results:
12 patients (age range 9–67 years; 3 male, 9 female) were included in the study. Tumours occurred in skull base (7, 58.3%), temporal (4, 33.3%) and frontal (1, 8.3%). Among all, six patients received radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. According to pathology, 11 out of 12 tumours were high-grade (91.7%). On CT, all the tumours had soft tissue mass penetrated into cortical bone with invasion of surrounding soft tissue. Six tumours were shown to have lytic density and six were mixed density. Matrix mineralization was present in 10 cases (83.3%). On MRI, tumours presented as soft-tissue masses measuring 5.9 ± 2.4 (3.9–8.0) cm. Five tumours showed low signal intensities on T 1 weighted imaging with seven having heterogeneous signal intensities. One showed low signal intensity on T 2 weighted imaging, two showed high signal intensities and nine heterogeneous signal intensities. All the tumours showed low signal intensities on diffusion-weighted imaging. On contrast enhanced images, seven cases showed heterogeneous enhancement, three showed peripheral enhancementand and two showed homogeneous enhancement. Dural tail sign were detected in nine cases.

Conclusion:
CSBO is rare, and is commonly associated with previous radiation exposure. A presumptive diagnosis for osteosarcoma should be considered when calvarium and skull base tumours with osteoid matrix and duraltail sign are found.

Advances in knowledge:
CT and MR features of CSBO have not been reported. The study helps to identify CSBO and other sarcomas.
Local regularity results for solutions of linear elliptic equations with drift term
Authors: Cirmi G. R. , D’Asero S. , Leonardi Salvatore , Porzio Michaela M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We study the local regularity of the solution u of the following nonlinear boundary value problem:

{

𝒜
⁢
u

=

-

div
⁡

[

E
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
u

+

F
⁢

(
x
)

]

in
⁢
Ω

,

u

=
0

on
⁢

∂
⁡
Ω

,

\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle\mathcal{A}u&\displaystyle=-\operatorname{%
div}{[E(x)u+F(x)]}&&\displaystyle\phantom{}\text{in }\Omega,\\
\displaystyle u&\displaystyle=0&&\displaystyle\phantom{}\text{on }\partial%
\Omega,\end{aligned}\right.

where Ω is a bounded open subset of

ℝ
N

{\mathbb{R}^{N}}

, with

N
>
2

{N>2}

,

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

is a nonlinear Leray–Lions operator in divergence form, and

E
⁢

(
x
)

{E(x)}

and

F
⁢

(
x
)

{F(x)}

are vector fields satisfying suitable local summability properties.
Flourishing as Productive Tension: Theory and Model
Authors: Heifetz Aviad , Minelli Enrico 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Based on insights from psychology, we argue that individual well-being has two incommensurable dimensions, gratification and flourishing. We provide a model in which the individual’s vitality is tunneled to different goals/practices. Gratification is represented by discharge of flow, while flourishing corresponds to generated power. The two dimensions are correlated in a way that depends on the characteristics of the available goals/practices, and their relationship need not be monotonic. We also extend the model to social interaction, prove existence of an equilibrium and show the possibility of ‘flourishing traps’.
The democratic quality of political depictions in fictional TV entertainment. A comparative content analysis of the political dramaBorgenand the journalistic magazineBerlin direkt
Authors: Nitsch Cordula , Jandura Olaf , Bienhaus Peter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe quality of political reporting in the news media is a focal point of communication research. Politics, however, is not only conveyed via traditional sources of information, but via fictional sources. In particular, political dramas (e. g., The West Wing, Borgen) enjoy great popularity and are often acknowledged for their realistic depiction of politics. Still, little is known about the democratic quality of such fictional depictions. This paper aims to fill the gap by contrasting the depiction of politics in the fictional TV series Borgen with political reporting in a traditional TV magazine (Berlin direkt). The comparative content analysis is based on ten issues that are covered in both formats and focuses on the quality criteria of relevance, pluralism, and democratic discourse norms. Findings show no significant differences between Borgen and Berlin direkt for any of the three criteria, clearly indicating that fictional TV series can offer the same content quality as political reporting.
Higher integrability for the singular porous medium system
Authors: Bögelein Verena , Duzaar Frank , Scheven Christoph 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper we establish in the fast diffusion range the higher integrability of the spatial gradient of weak solutions to porous medium systems. The result comes along with an explicit reverse Hölder inequality for the gradient.
The novel feature in the proof is a suitable intrinsic scaling for
space-time cylinders combined with reverse Hölder inequalities and a Vitali covering argument within this geometry. The main result
holds for the natural range of parameters suggested by other regularity results. Our result applies to general fast diffusion systems and includes both,
non-negative and signed solutions in the case
of equations. The methods of proof are purely vectorial in their structure.
The diachrony of velar coronalization in Mojeño (Arawakan)
Authors: de Carvalho Fernando O. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The goals of the present paper are: to improve the reconstruction of Proto-Mojeño (PM) by reconstructing a synchronic morphophonological alternation; to provide a clearer picture of the relations between PM and some of its closest relatives and to better understand the historical development of the Trinitario dialect, arguably the least conservative of the attested varieties of Mojeño. I show here that an antecedent stage of PM, Pre-PM, was subject to a contextual merger (primary split or split-merger) of *k and *s, yielding a morphophonological alternation *k ~ *s in PM. Apparent exceptions to the Pre-PM change *k>s provide evidence for the reconstruction of a non-palatalizing contextual vowel, possibly *ɨ, that was merged with *i in PM and with e in Terena, possibly PM’s closest relative. A preliminary comparison of certain verb stem formatives and deverbal nominalizers in PM and Terena is also presented. Finally, I show that a context-dependent development involving k in the Trinitario dialect, this time a secondary split yielding the fricative ç, resulted in alternations k ~ ç, thus creating a second, diachronically separable layer of palatalization/coronalization in the phonology of Trinitario.
Reconstructing the ditransitive construction for Proto-Germanic: Gothic, Old English and Old Norse-Icelandic
Authors: Vázquez-González Juan G. , Barðdal Jóhanna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe semantic range of ditransitive verbs in Modern English has been at the center of linguistic attention ever since the pioneering work of Pinker (1989.Learnability and cognition: The acquisition of argument structure. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press). At the same time, historical research on how the semantics of the ditransitive construction has changed over time has seriously lagged behind. In order to address this issue for the Germanic languages, the Indo-European subbranch to which Modern English belongs, we systematically investigate the narrowly defined semantic verb classes occurring in the ditransitive construction in Gothic, Old English and Old Norse-Icelandic. On the basis of data handed down from Proto-Germanic and documented in the oldest layers of the three Germanic subbranches, East, West and North Germanic, respectively, we show that the constructional range of the ditransitive construction was considerably broader in the earlier historical stages than now; several subclasses of verbs that could instantiate the ditransitive in early Germanic are infelicitous in the ditransitive construction in, for instance, Modern English. Taking the oldest surviving evidence from Germanic as point of departure, we reconstruct the ditransitive construction for an earlier proto-stage, using the formalism of Construction Grammar and incorporating narrowly defined semantic verb classes and higher level conceptual domains. We thus reconstruct the internal structure of the ditransitive construction in Proto-Germanic, including different levels of schematicity.
Inorganic nitrite bioactivation and role in physiological signaling and therapeutics
Authors: Amdahl Matthew B. , DeMartino Anthony W. , Gladwin Mark T. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The bioactivation of inorganic nitrite refers to the conversion of otherwise ‘inert’ nitrite to the diatomic signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO), which plays important roles in human physiology and disease, notably in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. While the most well-known sources of NO are the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes, another source of NO is the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, whereby nitrite (obtained from reduction of dietary nitrate) is further reduced to form NO. The past few decades have seen extensive study of the mechanisms of NO generation through nitrate and nitrite bioactivation, as well as growing appreciation of the contribution of this pathway to NO signaling in vivo. This review, prepared for the volume 400 celebration issue of Biological Chemistry, summarizes some of the key reactions of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway such as reduction, disproportionation, dehydration, and oxidative denitrosylation, as well as current evidence for the contribution of the pathway to human cardiovascular physiology. Finally, ongoing efforts to develop novel medical therapies for multifarious conditions, especially those related to pathologic vasoconstriction and ischemia/reperfusion injury, are also explored.
Best approximation and fixed points for rational-type contraction mappings
Authors: Chandok Sumit 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we prove a fixed point theorem for a rational type contraction mapping in the frame work of metric spaces. Also, we extend Brosowski–Meinardus type results on invariant approximation for such class of contraction mappings. The results proved extend some of the known results existing in the literature.
Regular Price Stickiness in German Food Retailing
Authors: Holzer Patrick Sebastian , Bittmann Thomas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The present study investigates the underlying factors of price stickiness in German food retailing using fluid milk as a case study. We distinguish the duration between two actual price changes and two regular price changes as measures for price stickiness. Especially in the case of private labels, the choice of proxy for price rigidity has important implications. If we consider (regular) price changes, private label products are more (less) rigid than national brands. Price rigidity increases in the product’s average price. Prices of low priced private labels are rather flexible. Price adjustment of high priced private labels is similarly sluggish compared to national brands. We rationalize this finding with variable mark-ups under imperfect competition. In line with previous research, we find that price stickiness also depends on product attributes, retail formats, menu costs, psychological price points, and time-varying market conditions.
Inverse problem for elastic body with thin elastic inclusion
Authors: Khludnev Alexander M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn inverse problem for an elastic body with a thin elastic inclusion is investigated. It is assumed that the inclusion crosses the external boundary of the elastic body. A connection between the inclusion and the elastic body is characterized by the damage parameter. We study a dependence of the solutions on the damage parameter. In particular, passages to infinity and to zero of the damage parameter are investigated. Limit models are analyzed. Assuming that the damage and rigidity parameters of the model are unknown, inverse problems are formulated. Sufficient conditions for the inverse problems to have solutions are found. Estimates concerning solutions of the inverse problem are established.
Effects of dexmedetomidine on the RhoA /ROCK/ Nox4 signaling pathway in renal fibrosis of diabetic rats
Authors: Jihua Chen , Cai Chen , Xubin Bao , Yue Yu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the effects and mechanisms of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on model rats of diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods
Rats were divided into NC, model, Dex-L (1μg/ kg), Dex-M (5μg/kg) and Dex-H (10μg/kg) groups. Rats in all groups except in the NC group were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) combined with right nephrectomy. Rats in Dex (1, 5 and 10μg/kg) groups received gavage with Dex (1, 5 and 10μg/kg). After 4 weeks, rats were sacrificed and kidneys were collected. HE staining was performed for a renal injury. Masson staining was applied to detect the fibrotic accumulation in rat kidney. Radioimmunoassay was used to test the renal function. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect protein expressions of RhoA, p-MYPT and Nox4 in rat kidney.

Results
Compared with the NC group, the levels of urine microalbumin in protein, α1-MG and β2-MG, renal fibrotic accumulation, RhoA, p-MYPT, Nox4 and α-SMA in model group increased significantly (P＜0.001, respectively). Compared with the model group, Dex low, medium and high groups improved the deposition of renal fiber in rats, inhibited the expression levels of microalbumin, α1-MG and β2-MG in urine and decreased expression of RhoA, p-MYPT, Nox4 and α-SMA proteins (P＜0.05, P＜0.01).

Conclusion
Dex is possible to inhibit the expression of α-SMA and renal fibrous substance deposition in rat kidney via RhoA/ROCK/Nox4 signaling pathway, thereby reducing early kidney damage in model rats.
Investigation of the aromaticity of mono, di, tri and tetraazaphenanthrene derivatives
Authors: Öztürk Erhan , Turhan İrak Zeynep , Karakoyun Necdet , Gümüş Ayşegül , Gümüş Selçuk 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this chapter mono, di, tri and tetraaza substituted phenanthrene derivatives have been investigated computationally with B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) level of theory. Substitution of carbon atom of the main structure with nitrogen obviously disturbs the aromaticity, indeed it decreases it. Thus, the idea of regaining of the aromaticity back by using electron withdrawing groups came across. As a result of the computational calculations, energetically most unfavored structures have been found to be those where aza substitutiona are vicinal. Secondly, the aromaticities of the present species depend on the position of the centric substituent. In addition, the effect position of the side substituent has been considered. The system becomes more aromatic (possess greater negative NICS values or smaller HOMA value) when the electron withdrawing atoms or groups are adjacent to the centrically substituted heteroatoms.
Lehren aus deutschen Krisenengagements gibt es reichlich – aber auch Lernfortschritte?
Authors: Nachtwei Winfried 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund seiner langjährigen parlamentarischen Mitverantwortung für die Auslandseinsätze der Bundeswehr benennt der Autor wesentliche Lehren aus den deutschen Schwerpunktengagements auf dem Balkan und in Afghanistan. Bundesregierung und Bundestag als politische Auftraggeber verweigerten bisher eine umfassende, systematische und ressortgemeinsame Bilanzierung der deutschen Beteiligungen an internationalen Kriseneinsätzen. Dennoch gab es auf Seiten der Bundesregierung auf politisch-strategischer und operativer Ebene Lernfortschritte. Der Autor untersucht sie im Hinblick auf die Ziel- und Auftragsbestimmung, Fähigkeiten und Instrumente, Kohärenz und vernetztes Handeln, Einsatzkontrolle, -auswertung und Evaluation sowie die öffentliche Kommunikation und Wahrnehmung von Krisenengagements. Zusammengefasst kommt es entscheidend darauf an, viel solider, institutionalisierter und schneller zu lernen, um gegenüber der Häufung von Krisen schneller besser zu werden.
Always the bridesmaid, never the bride?: Legislating in English and Welsh
Authors: Crowe Richard M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Welsh has official status in Wales, where it is spoken by approximately 20 % of the population. All adult speakers of Welsh are also able to speak English. The National Assembly for Wales and the Welsh Ministers legislate in both Welsh and English. The Government of Wales Act 2006 provides that the English and Welsh texts of any Act of the Assembly or any subordinate legislation enacted or made in both English and Welsh are to be treated, for all purposes, as being of equal standing.
This paper examines the role legislating bilingually plays in confirming the official status of the Welsh language; how the bilingual texts are produced by a process of collaborative translation within an administration where English is the dominant working language; how they are scrutinised by a legislature where legislators are free to use either or both languages, but where, in practice, English dominates; and how they are promulgated in both languages in the form in which they are enacted or made, but only routinely updated in English. It further considers what the principle of ‘equal standing’ may mean and how effect may be given to it; how these bilingual texts may be interpreted by the public and the legal profession, domains in which English dominates; and what implications the production, scrutiny, promulgation and interpretation of bilingual legislation have for the accessibility of the law in Wales.
An sRNA Screen for Reversal of Quinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli
Authors: Bhatnagar Kamya , Hinz Aaron , Kohlman Melissa , Wong Alex 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In light of the rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the slow pace of new antimicrobial development, there has been increasing interest in the development of adjuvants that improve or restore the effectiveness of existing drugs. Here, we use a novel small RNA (sRNA) screening approach to identify genes whose knockdown increases ciprofloxacin (CIP) sensitivity in a resistant strain of Escherichia coli. 5000 sRNA constructs were initially screened on a gyrA S83L background, ultimately leading to 30 validated genes whose disruption reduces CIP resistance. This set includes genes involved in DNA replication, repair, recombination, efflux, and other regulatory systems. Our findings increase understanding of the functional interactions of DNA Gyrase, and may aid in the development of new therapeutic approaches for combating AMR.
Computed Tomography-Based Body Composition Is Not Consistently Associated with Outcome in Older Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Looijaard Stéphanie M.L.M. , Meskers Carel G.M. , Slee-Valentijn Monique S. , Bouman Donald E. , Wymenga A.N. Machteld , Klaase Joost M. , Maier Andrea B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Current literature is inconsistent in the associations between computed tomography (CT)-based body composition measures and adverse outcomes in older patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Moreover, the associations with consecutive treatment modalities have not been studied. This study compared the associations of CT-based body composition measures with surgery- and chemotherapy-related complications and survival in older patients with CRC.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective single-center cohort study was conducted in patients with CRC aged ≥65 years who underwent elective surgery between 2010 and 2014. Gender-specific standardized scores of preoperative CT-based skeletal muscle (SM), muscle density, intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue, IMAT percentage, SM/VAT, and body mass index (BMI) were tested for their associations with severe postoperative complications, prolonged length of stay (LOS), readmission, and dose-limiting toxicity using logistic regression and 1-year and long-term survival (range 3.7–6.6 years) using Cox regression. Bonferroni correction was applied to account for multiple testing.

Results
The study population consisted of 378 patients with CRC with a median age of 73.4 (interquartile range 69.5–78.4) years. Severe postoperative complications occurred in 13.0%, and 39.4% of patients died during follow-up. Dose-limiting toxicity occurred in 77.4% of patients receiving chemotherapy (n = 53). SM, muscle density, VAT, SM/VAT, and BMI were associated with surgery-related complications, and muscle density, IMAT, IMAT percentage, and SM/VAT were associated with long-term survival. After Bonferroni correction, no CT-based body composition measure was significantly associated with adverse outcomes. Higher BMI was associated with prolonged LOS.

Conclusion
The associations between CT-based body composition measures and adverse outcomes of consecutive treatment modalities in older patients with CRC were not consistent or statistically significant.