bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Liu Jingfang , Li Qingxiu , Yang Yaxian , Ma Lihua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionIron metabolism can directly or indirectly affect the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes. This meta‐analysis and systematic review aimed to analyze the association between serum iron metabolism indicators and type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThe databases PubMed and Embase were searched for studies on the correlations between serum iron metabolism indicators (iron, ferritin, transferrin, hepcidin and soluble transferrin receptor) and type 2 diabetes since January 2006. Relevant data were extracted from the included studies, and meta‐analysis was carried out.ResultsA total of 12 case–control and cohort studies were analyzed. Of the 12 studies, 11 described the correlation between serum ferritin levels and type 2 diabetes. The median and high serum ferritin concentrations were significantly associated with the risks of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.33 and OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.29–1.59, respectively). However, the low concentration was not correlated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.89–1.11). No significant association was observed between serum soluble transferrin receptor and type 2 diabetes, whereas the soluble transferrin receptor‐to‐ferritin ratio was significantly inversely related to the risk of type 2 diabetes in the median and high ratio subgroups (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.51, 0.99 and OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45–0.95).ConclusionsThe elevated serum ferritin was one of the risk factors for type 2 diabetes, and soluble transferrin receptor‐to‐ferritin ratio was inversely related to the risk of type 2 diabetes. A systematic review showed that serum transferrin and hepcidin might be directly or indirectly related to the development of diabetes.
Re‐assessing the validity of the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ): Two new scales for moral deliberation and paternalism
Authors: Kuilman Luppo , Jansen Gerard J. , Mulder Laetitia B. , Middel Berrie , Roodbol Petrie F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe current study and previous research have called the six‐component model of Lützen's 30‐item Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ) into question. For this reason, we re‐examined the construct validity of this instrument.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, which was based on a convenience sample of Dutch nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs), we tested the validity of MSQ items using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA, respectively).ResultsThe EFA revealed a two‐component model, which was then tested as a target model with CFA and was found to have good model fit. Some items were correlated with two uncorrelated latent constructs, which we labelled as “paternalistic” and “deliberate” attitudes towards patients.ConclusionsAs in previous studies, the analyses in the current study, which was conducted among PAs and NPs, did not reveal six dimensions for the 30 items. Two new latent dimensions of moral sensitivity were psychometrically tested and confirmed. These two components relate to studies investigating ethical behaviour, and they can be used to describe the moral climate in healthcare organizations. The scales are indicators of the extent to which health professionals behave in a deliberate (sensitive) or paternalistic (insensitive) manner towards the opinions of patients within the context of medical decision‐making.
Anti‐aging and brightening effects of a topical treatment containing vitamin C, vitamin E, and raspberry leaf cell culture extract: A split‐face, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rattanawiwatpong Pattarawan , Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima , Bumrungpert Akkarach , Maiprasert Mart 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin aging has many manifestations such as wrinkles, uneven skin tone, and dryness. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, especially ultraviolet light‐induced oxidative radicals, contribute to the etiology of aging. Human skin requires both water‐ and lipid‐soluble nutrient components, including hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants. Vitamins C and E have important protective effects in the aging process and require exogenous supply. Raspberry leaf extracts contain botanical actives that have the potential to hydrating and moisturizing skin. Topical products with these ingredients may therefore combine to provide improved anti‐aging effects over single ingredients.ObjectivesTo evaluate the anti‐aging and brightening effects of an encapsulated serum containing vitamin C (20% w/w), vitamin E, and European raspberry (Rubus idaeus) leaf cell culture extract.MethodsFifty female volunteers aged 30‐65 years were allocated one capsule of serum for topical application on one side of the face for 2 months, in addition to self‐use of facial skin products. Both test (treated) and contralateral (untreated) sides were dermatologically assessed after 4 and 8 weeks. Skin color (melanin index), elasticity, radiance, moisture, and water evaporation were measured by Mexameter MX18®, Cutometer®, Glossymeter GL200®, Corneometer CM825®, and Tewameter TM300® instruments, respectively (Courage + Khazaka Electronic GmbH). Skin microtopography parameters, smoothness (SEsm), roughness (SEr), scaliness (SEsc), and wrinkles (SEw), were measured by Visioscan® VC98 USB (Courage + Khazaka Electronic GmbH), and gross lifting effects were measured by VECTRA® H1 (Canfield Scientific), and adverse reactions and satisfaction were also assessed.ResultsSkin color, elasticity, and radiance were significantly improved. The smoothness, scaliness, and wrinkles were also revealed significant improvement. Mild adverse reactions were tingling and tightness.ConclusionsThe vitamin C, vitamin E, and raspberry leaf cell culture extract serum has anti‐aging and brightening effects of skin.
Regulation of breast cancer resistance protein and P-glycoprotein by ezrin, radixin and moesin in lung, intestinal and renal cancer cell lines
Authors: Yano Kentaro , Okabe Chiaki , Fujii Kenta , Kato Yuko , Ogihara Takuo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Ezrin (Ezr), radixin (Rdx) and moesin (Msn) (ERM) proteins anchor other proteins to the cell membrane, serving to regulate their localization and function. Here, we examined whether ERM proteins functionally regulate breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and P-glycoprotein in cell lines derived from lung, intestinal and renal cancers.

Methods
ERM proteins were each silenced with appropriate siRNA. BCRP and P-gp functions were evaluated by means of efflux and uptake assays using 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) and rhodamine123 (Rho123) as specific substrates, respectively, in non-small cell lung cancer HCC827 cells, intestinal cancer Caco-2 cells and renal cancer Caki-1 cells.

Key findings
In HCC827 cells, the efflux rates of SN-38 and Rho123 were significantly decreased by knockdown of Ezr or Msn, but not Rdx. However, BCRP function was unaffected by Ezr or Rdx knockdown in Caco-2 cells, which do not express Msn. In Caki-1 cells, Rdx knockdown increased the intracellular SN-38 concentration, while knockdown of Ezr or Msn had no effect.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that regulation of BCRP and P-gp functions by ERM proteins is organ-specific. Thus, if the appropriate ERM protein(s) are functionally suppressed, accumulation of BCRP or P-gp substrates in lung, intestine or kidney cancer tissue might be specifically increased.
Stable Strategies for Personal Development
Authors: Stoner Ian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn her short story “Stable Strategies for Middle Management,” Eileen Gunn imagines a future in which Margaret, an office worker, seeks radical genetic enhancements intended to help her secure the middle‐management job she wants. One source of the story’s tension and dark humor is dramatic irony: readers can see that the enhancements Margaret buys stand little chance of making her life go better for her; enhancing is, for Margaret, probably a prudential mistake. This paper argues that our positions in the real world are sufficiently similar to Margaret’s position in Gunn’s fictional world that we should take this story seriously as grounding an argument from analogy for the conclusion that radical genetic enhancements are, for us, probably a prudential mistake. The paper then defends this method. When the question at hand is one of speculative ethics, there is no method better fit to the purpose than argument from analogy to speculative fiction.
Implementation of a flexible visiting policy in intensive care unit: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Akbari Reihane , Karimi Moonaghi Hossein , Mazloum Seyed Reza , Bagheri Moghaddam Ahmad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundVisitation is one of the most critical needs of patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Clinicians should enable a more flexible visitation policy to prevent the adverse effects of a restricted approach.Aim and objectivesThis study aimed at investigating the relationship between increasing visitation time and patients' physiological parameters in intensive units. Additionally, nurses' beliefs and attitudes towards visiting is examined in this research.DesignParallel randomized clinical trial.MethodsThis study was conducted in four general medical ICUs in Iran. In total, 60 patients and 57 nurses participated in this study. The patients' physiological parameters were measured at particular times in both groups. Moreover, the nurses responded to the questionnaire on beliefs and attitudes towards visitation in intensive units before and after the intervention.ResultsAmong all the physiological parameters, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate had a significant decrease within the normal range 10 and 30 minutes after visiting in the intervention group (P < .05), and nurses' beliefs and attitudes score were at the middle of the survey scoring range (0‐120). However, no significant difference was found between nurses' belief and attitude score and intervention in any groups (P > .05).ConclusionThe findings indicate that increasing visitation times can lead to a positive effect on the stability and balance of patients' physiological parameters.Relevance to clinical practiceA more flexible visiting policy can provide a therapeutic environment where not only patients' physiological disorders are minimised as much as possible but also a higher level of patients' health and satisfaction are reached.
Construction of nursing knowledge in commodified contexts: A discussion paper
Authors: Martínez‐Rodríguez Ana , Martínez‐Faneca Laura , Casafont‐Bullich Claudia , Olivé‐Ferrer Maria Carmen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis original article outlines a theoretical path and posterior critical analysis regarding two relevant matters in modern nursing: patterns of knowing in nursing and commodification contexts in contemporary health systems. The aim of our manuscript is to examine the development of basic and contextual nursing knowledge in commodified contexts. For this purpose, we outline a discussion and reflexive dialogue based on a literature search and our clinical experience. To lay the foundation for an informed discussion, we conducted a literature search and selected relevant articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese that included contents on patterns of knowing, commodification, and nursing published from 1978 to 2017. Globalization, commodification, and austerity measures seem to have negative effects on nursing. Work conditions are worsening, deteriorating nurse–patient relationships, and limiting reflection on practice. Nurses must develop knowledge to challenge and participate in institutional organization and public health policies. Development of nursing knowledge may be difficult to achieve in commodified environments. Consequently, therapeutic care relationships, healthcare services, and nurses' own health are compromised. However, by obtaining organizational, sociopolitical, and emancipatory knowledge, nurses can use strategies to adapt to or resist commodified contexts while constructing basic knowledge.
Retracted: Evaluating the immunomodulatory responses of LdODC‐derived MHC Class‐II restricted peptides against VL
Authors: Pandey RajKishor , Dikhit Manas Ranjan , Kumar Avinash , Dehury Budheswar , Pandey Krishna , Topno Roshan Kamal , Das Pradeep , Bimal Sanjiva 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn a bid to develop a novel immunoprophylactic measure against visceral leishmaniasis (VL), MHC class‐II–restricted epitopes of LdODC were identified by reverse vaccinology approach. Five consensus HLA‐DRB1*0101‐restricted epitopes were screened. The analysis revealed that the set of epitopes was presented by at least 54 diverse MHC class‐II alleles. Based on in silico screening, followed by molecular dynamics simulation, population coverage analysis, and HLA cross‐presentation ability, five best epitopes were evaluated. PBMCs isolated from treated VL subjects, when stimulated with synthetic peptide alone or as a cocktail of peptides, triggered a secretory IFN‐γ, but not the IL‐10 level. Support in this notion came from intracellular cytokine level with a considerable up‐regulated IFN‐γ produced by CD4+ T cells. Also, the enhanced IFN‐γ seemed to be augmented with the activation of macrophages with prominent IL‐12 production. Therefore, it can be concluded that the screened MHC class‐II–restricted epitope hotspots derived from Leishmania ODC can trigger CD4+ T cells, which can skew macrophage functions towards protection. However, a detailed analysis can explore its potentiality as a vaccine candidate.
Generational Replacement and the Impending Transformation of the American Electorate
Authors: Fisher Patrick 
Published: January 2020

Contemporary American politics is marked by an unusually substantial generation gap. This has important implications for the future of American politics as an overwhelmingly white and conservative generation, the Silent Generation, is being replaced in the electorate by much more diverse and liberal generations: the Millennial Generation and Generation Z. To project potential partisan changes in the American electorate with generational replacement, simulations were calculated estimating what the electorate may look like, using the 2016 presidential election as a baseline. Hypothesizing the same generational dynamics of vote choice and turnout for 2020 that existed in 2016, with generational replacement alone the national plurality of 2.1 percent for the Democratic candidate increases to 4.8 percent if Generation Z votes the same as Millennials. For elections beyond 2020, the potential partisan swing toward the Democrats based on generational replacement become even much more considerable. By 2032, Millennials and Generation Z combined are projected to consist of almost one‐half of the entire electorate. Even if Generation Z is not distinct from the rest of the electorate politically, given how strongly Democratic the Millennials are, the simulated gain for the Democrats in 2032 is 5 percent; and, if Generation Z becomes as Democratic leaning as Millennials are, the simulated swing toward the Democrats is greater than 7 percent.Related ArticlesCormack, Lindsey. 2019. “Leveraging Peer‐to‐Peer Connections to Increase Voter Participation in Local Elections.” Politics & Policy 47 (2): 248‐266. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12297Shaykhutdinov, Renat. 2019. “Socialization, Rationality, and Age: Generational Gaps and the Attitudes toward the Chechen War in Russia.” Politics & Policy 47 (5): 931‐955. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12323Stockemer, Daniel. 2016. “Is the Turnout Function in Democracies and Nondemocracies Alike or Different?” Politics & Policy 44 (5): 889‐915. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12174
Social identity and perceived income adequacy
Authors: Goel Deepti , Deshpande Ashwini 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEconomists are increasingly interested in subjective well‐being, but the economic literature on perceptions of income adequacy, which is one of the factors that shape subjective well‐being, is little. Our paper fills this lacuna. We utilize nationally representative data on perceptions of amounts considered as remunerative earnings from self‐employment in India and examine how these are earnings shaped by social identity, namely, caste. We also investigate if institutional change such as the introduction of an employment guarantee scheme alters these perceptions. Finally, we examine the relationship between caste identity and actual earnings. We find that caste identity does shape both perceptions of income adequacy and actual earnings: lower‐ranked groups perceive lower amounts as being remunerative and also earn lower amounts. Further, the employment guarantee scheme alters self‐perceptions differentially for different caste groups, but in more nuanced ways than our ex‐ante beliefs.
Effect of conservation agriculture on soil organic and inorganic carbon sequestration and lability: A study from a rice–wheat cropping system on a calcareous soil of the eastern Indo‐Gangetic Plains
Authors: Dey Abir , Dwivedi Brahma Swaroop , Bhattacharyya Ranjan , Datta Siba Prasad , Meena Mahesh Chand , Jat Raj K. , Gupta Raj Kumar , Jat Mangi Lal , Singh Vinod Kumar , Das Debarup , Singh Ravi G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIncreasing soil carbon (C) in arable soils is an important strategy to achieve sustainable yields and mitigate climate change. We investigated changes in soil organic and inorganic carbon (SOC and SIC) under conservation agriculture (CA) in a calcareous soil of the eastern Indo‐Gangetic Plains of India. The treatments were as follows: conventional‐till rice and wheat (CT‐CT), CT rice and zero‐till wheat (CT‐ZT), ZT direct seeded rice (DSR) and CT wheat (ZT‐CT), ZTDSR and ZT wheat without crop residue retention (ZT‐ZT), ZT‐ZT with residue (ZT‐ZT+R), and DSR and wheat both on permanent beds with residue (PB‐PB+R). The ZT‐ZT+R had the highest total SOC in both 0–15 and 15–30 cm soil layers (20% and 40% higher (p < .05) than CT‐CT, respectively), whereas total SIC decreased by 11% and 15% in the respective layers under ZT‐ZT+R compared with CT‐CT. Non‐labile SOC was the largest pool, followed by very labile, labile and less labile SOC. The benefits of ZT and residue retention were greatest for very labile SOC, which showed a significant (p < .05) increase (~50%) under ZT‐ZT+R compared with CT‐CT. The ZT‐ZT+R sequestered ~2 Mg ha−1 total SOC in the 0–15 cm soil layer in 6 years, where CT registered significant losses. Thus, the adoption of CA should be recommended in calcareous soils, for C sequestration, and also as a reclamation technique.
The pragmatic nativisation of pauses in Asian Englishes
Authors: Revis Melanie , Bernaisch Tobias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStudies within the world Englishes paradigm have furnished detailed descriptions of numerous lexical, morphological and syntactic features. Although laudable exceptions exist, pragmatics as well as the concept of pragmatic nativisation have so far been largely neglected in world Englishes – particularly from an empirical angle. The present paper investigates pauses – more specifically the choice between filled (for example, uh, uhm) and unfilled pauses (that is, silence) – in two South Asian Englishes, Indian and Sri Lankan English, in comparison to the culturally distinct British English. Central research questions include: (a) are there variety‐specific differences in the use of filled/unfilled pauses; (b) which additional factors determine the choice between filled and unfilled pauses; and (c) what implications do the results have for the notion of pragmatic nativisation?
Coupling Effects of Sloshing and Barge Motion in Variable Bathymetry
Authors: Su Yan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Two partially filled tanks fixed on rectangular barge floating in variable bathymetry is studied based on the linearized potential theory in the frequency domain. The internal sloshing motion is simulated by linearized superposition of natural sloshing modes. The motion of barge is solved by matching eigenfunctions expansion in the external fluid domain. The computational model is verified by experimental results. Coupling sway and roll motions of floating body with different filling levels are compared. The effects of both inclined bottom with different slopes and hump-shaped bottom with different heights are analyzed. Viewing from the results, coupling sway and roll motions of floating body are significantly affected by the shapes of bottoms.
Optimization of Aerodynamic Parameters of an Elliptical-Bladed Savonius Wind Rotor Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Alom Nur , Das Ranjan , Saha Ujjwal K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Savonius wind rotor, a drag-based machine, despite having lesser efficiency has got several advantages such as low price, easy installation, better starting capability independency to wind direction. In order to enhance the performance of such rotor, several design modifications have been built by changing the geometric parameters such as overlap ratio, aspect ratio, tip speed ratio, number of rotor blades and effect of shaft and end plates. Apart from the various geometric parameters, several rotor blades and augmentation techniques has evolved to improve the performance of the Savonius rotor. This has been achieved by using a host of numerical and experimental methods. In the present investigation, the multi-objective genetic algorithms have been used to optimize the incoming velocity, and the torque and lift coefficient for a novel elliptical-bladed profile for maximizing the rotor power coefficient. The multi-physics solver ANSYS direct optimization technique has been used to implement the genetic algorithms. The results obtained from the genetic algorithms have been compared with the established results under identical conditions.
A Differential Evolution-Based Inverse Method to Optimize Blade Configurations in Elliptical-Bladed Savonius Wind Turbines
Authors: Alom Nur , Das Ranjan , Saha Ujjwal K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
It is well-known that elliptical-bladed Savonius wind turbine yields relatively better performance than conventionally used semicircular-bladed turbines. This is mainly due to lesser tip loss and delayed flow separation that allow the elliptical turbine to acquire higher rotational speeds than semicircular turbine under a given wind load. In this work, an experimentally-validated inverse analysis is done to determine the optimum blade configurations involving the chord length, turbine height, aspect ratio, and the necessary overlap ratio to derive a required power and torque from elliptical-bladed Savonius wind turbines. Due to obvious advantages of evolutionary metaheuristic optimizers in general, here differential evolution (DE) search algorithm is used to solve the inverse problem through a least-squares minimization of the relevant objective function. The objective function is further subjected to feasible bounds of the unknown design variables. The effects of blockage corrections are duly considered and the variations of the design variables along with the objective function are studied over a range of iterations of the DE algorithm. Through comprehensive analysis, it is highlighted from the present study that for harvesting a given performance, rotor swept area can be reduced by 6.25% with respect to the available experimental data under identical operating conditions of the wind turbine. Multiple blade configurations can be acquired, all of which invariably satisfy the required performance criterion. This study also highlights that amongst various dimensional parameters, turbine height and aspect ratio play more prominent role than chord length and overlap ratio and the blade chord influences only the torque but not markedly the power. The results obtained from the present work are proposed to facilitate the concerned designer to explore various feasible blade designs and determine the suitable one, thereby avoiding valuable time elapsed in repetitive fabrication and testing of various designs.