bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E-commerce payment model using blockchain
Authors: Kim Shee-Ihn , Kim Seung-Hee 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current e-commerce payment systems for credit or check cards require a payment gateway (PG). This incurs PG fees, which in turn increases the cost of engaging in e-commerce. This paper proposes a simple payment model that uses basic cryptocurrency features, such as public key, private key, and digital signature, to eliminate the need for transaction intermediaries such as public key certificate and PG. This model can process e-commerce payments without registering additional public key certificate, public key, or private key. The use of a digital signature guarantees the integrity and nonrepudiation of electronic payments, besides eliminating the fees for intermediary services such as PG, thereby reducing the overall cost of operating e-commerce services. This proposal is crucial as it is the first attempt to apply blockchain technology to e-commerce payment services. In addition, our model is important because it not only supports the evolution of e-commerce payment technology but also enhances the competitive advantage of using e-commerce.
On atom-swarming and Luce’s theorem for probabilistic beliefs
Authors: Mackenzie Andrew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor qualitative probability spaces, monotone continuity and third-order atom-swarming are together sufficient for a unique countably additive probability measure representation that may have atoms (Mackenzie in Theor Econ 14:709–778, 2019). We provide a new proof by appealing to a theorem of Luce (Ann Math Stat 38:780–786, 1967), highlighting the usefulness of extensive measurement theory (Krantz et al. in Foundations of Measurement Volume I: Additive and Polynomial Representations. Academic Press, New York, 1971) for economists.
AGTR: Adversarial Generation of Target Review for Rating Prediction
Authors: Yu Huilin , Qian Tieyun , Liang Yile , Liu Bing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent years have witnessed a growing trend of utilizing reviews to improve the performance and interpretability of recommender systems. Almost all existing methods learn the latent representations from the user’s and the item’s historical reviews and then combine these two representations for rating prediction. The fatal limitation in these methods is that they are unable to utilize the most predictive review of the target user for the target item since such a review is not available at test time. In this paper, we propose a novel recommendation model, called AGTR, which cangenerate the unseen target review with adversarial training for rating prediction. To this end, we develop a unified framework to combinethe rating tailored generative adversarial netsfor synthetic review generation andthe neural latent factor moduleusing the generated target review along with historical reviews for rating prediction. Extensive experiments on four real-world datasets demonstrate that our model achieves the state-of-the-art performance in both rating prediction and review generation tasks.
THE ROGERS–RAMANUJAN CONTINUED FRACTION AND RELATED ETA-QUOTIENT REPRESENTATIONS
Authors: CHERN SHANE , TANG DAZHAO 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe construct eta-quotient representations of two families of q-series involving the Rogers–Ramanujan continued fraction by establishing related recurrence relations. We also display how these eta-quotient representations can be utilised to dissect certain q-series identities.
Analyzing cognitive processes of a product/service-system design session using protocol analysis
Authors: Sakao Tomohiko , Gero John , Mizuyama Hajime 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProduct/service systems (PSSs) are increasingly found in markets, and more resources are being invested in PSS design. Despite the substantial research into PSS design, the current literature exhibits an incomplete understanding of it as a cognitive activity. This article demonstrates that the methods used to analyze product designers’ cognitive behavior can be used to produce comparable and commensurable results when analyzing PSS designers. It also generates empirical grounding for the development of hypotheses based on a cognitive study of a PSS design session in a laboratory environment using protocol analysis. This study is a part of a larger project comparing PSS design with product design. The results, which are based on the function–behavior–structure coding scheme, show that PSS design, when coded using this scheme, can be quantitatively compared with product design. Five hypotheses were developed based on the results of the study of this design session concerning where and how designers expend their cognitive design effort. These hypotheses can be used to design experiments that test them and provide the grounding for a fuller understanding of PSS design.
Deutsche Psychologiestudierende in Österreich
Authors: Korunka Christian , Neubauer Aljoscha 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. Nahezu die Hälfte der Studierenden an österreichischen psychologischen Instituten kommt aus dem Nachbarland Deutschland. Ein wesentlicher Grund dafür ist die dortige strenge Numerus Clausus-Selektion. Allerdings kehren viele dieser Studierenden nach einem Abschluss wieder in ihr Heimatland zurück, was zur Folge hat, dass Österreich zahlreiche Psycholog_innen für den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt ausbildet und mittelfristig vielleicht sogar ein Mangel an Psycholog_innen zu befürchten ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht die vorliegende Studie Heimkehr- und Bleibemotive deutscher Studierender in Österreich. 453 Absolvent_innen aus den letzten drei Jahren an vier Universitätsstandorten nahmen an der Studie teil. Die deutschen Studierenden weisen im Vergleich zu ihren Kolleg_innen aus Österreich eine höhere Erfolgsquote beim Aufnahmeverfahren, eine etwas geringere mittlere Studiendauer und einen besseren Gesamtnotenschnitt im Studium auf. Es können vier „Lebensmittelpunktgruppen“ nach Abschluss des Studiums gebildet werden, die sich deutlich in ihren Motiven zur Wahl des Lebensmittelpunkts unterscheiden. Familiäre Bindungen und bessere Karrieremöglichkeiten sind zentrale Motive für die Rückkehr nach Deutschland nach dem Studium, die regionalen Bindungen an Österreich bleiben meist eher gering.
The Evolving Distribution of Relative Humidity Conditional Upon Daily Maximum Temperature in a Warming Climate
Authors: Yuan Jiacan , Stein Michael L. , Kopp Robert E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe impacts of heat waves in a warming climate depend not only on changing temperatures but also on changing humidity. Using 35 simulations from the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM LENS), we investigate the long‐term evolution of the joint distribution of summer relative humidity (RH) and daily maximum temperature (Tmax) near four U.S. cities (New York City, Chicago, Phoenix, and New Orleans) under the high‐emissions Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5. We estimate the conditional quantiles of RH given Tmax with quantile regression models, using functions of temperature for each city in July for three time periods (1990–2005, 2026–2035, and 2071–2080). Quality‐of‐fit diagnostics indicate that these models accurately estimate conditional quantiles for each city. As expected, each quantile of Tmax increases from 1990–2005 to 2071–2080, while mean RH decreases modestly. Conditional upon a fixed quantile of Tmax, the median and high quantiles of RH decrease, while those of the Heat Index (HI) and dew point both increase. This result suggests that, despite a modest decrease in median relative humidity, heat stress measured by metrics considering both humidity and temperature in a warming climate will increase faster than that measured by temperatures alone would indicate. For a fixed Tmax, the high quantiles of RH (and thus of HI and dew point) increase from 1990–2005 to 2071–2080 in all four cities. This result suggests that the heat stress of a day at a given Tmax will increase in a warming climate due to the increase of RH.
UAVSAR Tomography for Vertical Profile Generation of Tropical Forest of Mondah National Park, Gabon
Authors: Asopa Udit , Kumar Shashi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolarimetric synthetic‐aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing has been widely used for structural and biophysical parameters retrieval of forest vegetation. It has been found that the combination of polarimetric properties and interferometric characteristics of SAR remote sensing provides the capacity to retrieve forest height. The prime objective of this research was to investigate the potential of Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Tomography (PolTomSAR) for the forested and river region of Mondah National Park, Gabon. SAR tomography is an improved method for acquiring the height of geographical features. UAVSAR L‐band fully polarimetric multibaseline data have been used in this research (1.275 GHz). SAR data and ground data over the area have been collected in the year 2016. With the superresolution‐based Capon algorithm, multiple scatterers located at a different vertical position in the same azimuth range cell has been resolved and reconstructed. This work provides a framework for Capon‐based tomographic processing of multibaseline UAVSAR data for vertical profile retrieval of forest vegetation. The height profile of the forest patch having sparse, as well as dense vegetation, were retrieved. The vertical profile for a single azimuthal bin was obtained in range direction. The tomographic profile obtained was cross‐checked with the field‐measured forest height for the 16 locations in Mondah National Park, Gabon. To check the accuracy of the applied method, the statistical method of R2 and root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) is employed. The obtained RMSE of the result is 4.21 m and R2 is 0.92. The obtained results were concluded to find the potential of the Capon algorithm for the tomographic reconstruction of UAVSAR data.
The First 10 Million Years of Rear‐Arc Magmas Following Backarc Basin Formation Behind the Izu Arc
Authors: Miyazaki T. , Gill J. B. , Hamelin C. , DeBari S. M. , Sato T. , Tamura Y. , Kimura J.‐I. , Vaglarov B. S. , Chang Q. , Senda R. , Haraguchi S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIODP Site U1437 is located in the Izu rear‐arc region, approximately 330 km west of the Izu‐Bonin trench axis. The oldest four units (Units IV through Unit VII) include volcaniclastic sediment and in situ hyaloclastites. They have ages of about 6–15 Ma, shortly after cessation of Shikoku backarc basin opening. Three magma types are identified by their distinct geochemistry; they are similar types to those found in the modern Izu arc (Rear Arc Seamount Chain [RASC]‐type, Rift‐type, and volcanic front [VF]‐type). RASC‐type has the most enriched Nd and Hf isotope and fluid‐immobile trace element ratios and dominates from 9 to 6 Ma. Rift‐type, dominant from 15 to 9 Ma, is similar to VF‐type in Nd‐Hf isotopes but has the least radiogenic Sr and Pb, and intermediate La/Yb and Nb/Yb, indicating a more fertile mantle source and less hydrous slab component than VF‐type. Less common and randomly distributed VF‐type sediments have the most radiogenic Sr and Pb, and the highest Ba/(Th, LREE [light rare earth element]) ratios, and are interpreted to be distally derived. The genesis of mafic Unit VII samples (~15 Ma) was modeled using the Arc Basalt Simulator. Results are most similar to those for basalts in the modern rift environment indicating the addition of ~1% of a melt‐rich slab component generated at ~125 km, to a Philippine Sea Plate ambient mantle that was more depleted than DMM (depleted MORB mantle). The initial post‐Shikoku basin magmatism in the Izu rear‐arc generated Rift‐type magmas for about 6 million years before the distinctive RASC‐type magmatism began, which then became increasingly enriched.
Coastal Marsh Degradation Into Ponds Induces Irreversible Elevation Loss Relative to Sea Level in a Microtidal System
Authors: Schepers Lennert , Brennand Patrick , Kirwan Matthew L. , Guntenspergen Glenn R. , Temmerman Stijn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoastal marshes and their valuable ecosystem services are feared to be lost by sea level rise, yet the mechanisms of marsh degradation into ponds and potential recovery are poorly understood. We quantified and analyzed elevations of marsh surfaces and pond bottoms along a marsh loss gradient (Blackwater River, Maryland, USA). Our analyses show that ponds deepen with increasing tidal channel width connecting the ponds to the river, indicating a new feedback mechanism where channels lead to enhanced tidal export of pond bottom material. Pond elevations also decrease with increasing pond size, consistent with previous work identifying a positive feedback between wind wave erosion and pond size. These two positive feedbacks, combined with bimodal elevation distributions and sharp topographic boundaries between interior ponds and the marsh platform, indicate alternative elevation states and imply that marsh loss by pond formation is nearly irreversible once pond deepening exceeds a critical level.
Urban Vegetation Slows Down the Spread of Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) in the United States
Authors: You Yongfa , Pan Shufen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is spreading around the world, and the United States has become the epicenter of the global pandemic. However, little is known about the causes behind the large spatial variability of the COVID‐19 incidence. Here we use path analysis model to quantify the influence of four potential factors (urban vegetation, population density, air temperature, and baseline infection) in shaping the highly heterogeneous transmission patterns of COVID‐19 across the United States. Our results show that urban vegetation can slow down the spread of COVID‐19, and each 1% increase in the percentage of urban vegetation will lead to a 2.6% decrease in cumulative COVID‐19 cases. Additionally, the mediating role of urban vegetation suggests that urban vegetation could reduce increases in cumulative COVID‐19 cases induced by population density and baseline infection. Our findings highlight the importance of urban vegetation in strengthening urban resilience to public health emergencies.
Full‐Depth Global Estimates of Ocean Mesoscale Eddy Mixing From Observations and Theory
Authors: Groeskamp Sjoerd , LaCasce Joseph H. , McDougall Trevor J. , Rogé Marine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMixing by mesoscale eddies profoundly impacts climate and ecosystems by redistributing and storing dissolved tracers such as heat and carbon. Eddy mixing is parameterized in most numerical models of the ocean and climate. To reduce known sensitivity to such parameterizations, observational estimates of mixing are needed. However, logistical and technological limitations obstruct our ability to measure global time‐varying mixing rates. Here, we extend mixing length theory with mean‐flow suppression theory, and first surface modes, to estimate mixing from readily available observational‐based climatological data, of salinity, temperature, pressure, and eddy kinetic energy at the sea surface. The resulting full‐depth global maps of eddy mixing can reproduce the few available direct estimates and confirm the importance of mean‐flow suppression of mixing. The results also emphasize the significant effect of eddy surface intensification and its relation to the vertical density stratification. These new insights in mixing dynamics will improve future mesoscale eddy mixing parameterizations.
Low‐Frequency Radio Observations of the “Quiet” Corona During the Descending Phase of Sunspot Cycle 24
Authors: Ramesh R. , Kumari A. , Kathiravan C. , Ketaki D. , Rajesh M. , Vrunda M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe carried out a statistical study of the “quiet” solar corona during the descending phase of the Sunspot Cycle 24 (i.e., January 2015 to May 2019) using data obtained with the Gauribidanur RAdioheliograPH (GRAPH) at 53 and 80 MHz simultaneously. Our results show that the equatorial (east‐west) diameters of the solar corona at the above two frequencies shrunk steadily. The decrease was found to be due to a gradual reduction in the coronal electron density (Ne). Independent estimates of Ne in the equatorial region of the “background” corona using white‐light coronagraph observations indicate a decline consistent with our findings.
Modeling Uncertainties of Bathymetry Predicted With Satellite Altimetry Data and Application to Tsunami Hazard Assessments
Authors: Sepúlveda Ignacio , Tozer Brook , Haase Jennifer S. , Liu Philip L.‐F. , Grigoriu Mircea 
Published: September 2020

AbstractModels of bathymetry derived from satellite radar altimetry are essential for modeling many marine processes. They are affected by uncertainties which require quantification. We propose an uncertainty model that assumes errors are caused by the lack of high‐wavenumber content within the altimetry data. The model is then applied to a tsunami hazard assessment. We build a bathymetry uncertainty model for northern Chile. Statistical properties of the altimetry‐predicted bathymetry error are obtained using multibeam data. We find that a Von Karman correlation function and a Laplacian marginal distribution can be used to define an uncertainty model based on a random field. We also propose a method for generating synthetic bathymetry samples conditional to shipboard measurements. The method is further extended to account for interpolation uncertainties, when bathymetry data resolution is finer than ∼10 km. We illustrate the usefulness of the method by quantifying the bathymetry‐induced uncertainty of a tsunami hazard estimate. We demonstrate that tsunami leading wave predictions at middle/near field tide gauges and buoys are insensitive to bathymetry uncertainties in Chile. This result implies that tsunami early warning approaches can take full advantage of altimetry‐predicted bathymetry in numerical simulations. Finally, we evaluate the feasibility of modeling uncertainties in regions without multibeam data by assessing the bathymetry error statistics of 15 globally distributed regions. We find that a general Von Karman correlation and a Laplacian marginal distribution can serve as a first‐order approximation. The standard deviation of the uncertainty random field model varies regionally and is estimated from a proposed scaling law.
Discovery and preclinical efficacy of HSG4112, a synthetic structural analog of glabridin, for the treatment of obesity
Authors: Choi Leo Sungwong , Jo In Geun , Kang Ku Suk , Im Jeong Ho , Kim Jiyoung , Kim Jinyoung , Chung Jin Wook , Yoo Sang-Ku 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
HSG4112 is a clinical-stage drug candidate for the treatment of obesity. Here, we report its discovery and preclinical efficacy.

Methods
In high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese male C57BL/6J mice, we tested the weight loss effect of synthetic compounds derived from a structure–activity relationship (SAR) study of glabridin, a natural compound known to reduce body weight and influence energy homeostasis. After selecting HSG4112 as our optimized compound from this discovery method, we characterized its pharmacological effects on parameters related to obesity through in vivo metabolic and biochemical measurements, histology and gene expression analysis, and indirect calorimetry.

Results
Through the SAR study, we identified four novel components of glabridin pertinent for its anti-obesity activity, and found that HSG4112, an optimized structural analog of glabridin, markedly supersedes glabridin in weight reduction efficacy and chemical stability. Six-week administration of HSG4112 to HFD-induced obese mice led to dose-dependent normalization of obesity-related parameters, including body weight, muscle and adipose tissue weight, adipocyte size, and serum leptin/insulin/glucose levels. The weight reduction induced by HSG4112 was partially mediated by decreased food intake and mainly mediated by increased energy expenditure, with no change in physical activity. Accordingly, the pattern of transcriptional changes was aligned with increased energy expenditure in the liver and muscles. Following significant body weight reduction, robust amelioration of histopathology and blood markers of fatty liver were also observed.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates the key chemical components of glabridin pertinent to its weight loss effects and suggests HSG4112 as a promising novel drug candidate for the pharmacological treatment of obesity.
Dual inhibition of HDAC and tyrosine kinase signaling pathways with CUDC-907 attenuates TGFβ1 induced lung and tumor fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Wentian , Zhang Yajie , Tu Tian , Schmull Sabastian , Han Yu , Wang Wenbo , Li Hecheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTGFβ1 signaling is a critical driver of collagen accumulation in pulmonary fibrotic diseases and a well-characterized regulator of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) activation in lung cancer. Myofibroblasts induced by TGFβ1 and other factors are key players in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis and tumor. Tremendous attention has been gained to targeting myofibroblasts in order to inhibit the progression of fibrosis and myofibroblast-induced tumor progression and metastasis. Here we determined the therapeutic efficacy of simultaneously targeting PI3K and HDAC pathways in lung myofibroblasts and CAF with a single agent and to evaluate biomarkers of treatment response. CUDC-907 is a first-in-class compound, functioning as a dual inhibitor of HDACs and PI3K/AKT pathway. We investigated its effects in counteracting the activity of TGFβ1-induced myofibroblasts/CAF in regard to cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis in vitro antifibrosis efficiency in vivo. We found that CUDC-907 inhibited myofibroblasts/CAF cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and caused cell cycle arrest at G1-S phase. CUDC-907 not only inhibited myofibroblasts markers expression, but also significantly inhibited the phosphorylation level of AKT, mTOR, Smad2/3, and promoted acetylation of histones. Furthermore, the observed inhibitory effect was also confirmed in bleomycin-induced mice lung fibrosis and nude mouse transplanted tumor model. Overall, these data suggest that dual inhibition of HDAC and the tyrosine kinase signaling pathways with CUDC-907 is a promising treatment strategy for TGFβ1-induced lung and tumor fibrosis.