bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focus on localized laryngeal amyloidosis: management of five cases
Authors: Mesolella Massimo , Petruzzi Gerardo , Buono Sarah , Salerno Grazia , Salzano Francesco Antonio , Di Lorenzo Giuseppe , Motta Gaetano 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Amyloidosis is a group of idiopathic clinical syndromes caused by the deposition of insoluble fibrillar proteins (amyloid) in the extracellular matrix of organs and tissues. These deposits disrupt the function of the target organ. Amyloidosis can manifest as a systemic disease or a single-organ involvement (local form). Its etiology still remains unclear. Deposits of amyloid in the larynx are rare, accounting for between 0.2 and 1.2% of benign tumors of the larynx. In this retrospective study, we report the clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of five female patients with localized laryngeal amyloidosis without systemic involvement. The patients were all treated successfully using microlaryngoscopy with CO2 laser or cold instruments. Prognosis is excellent; however, appropriate follow-up is an important part of the long-term management of this disease in order to prevent and control the possibility of local recurrence.
Taugt die aggregierte Delinquenzrate einer Schulklasse als Maßzahl für die Bestimmung kriminogener Peer-Effekte?
Authors: Hirtenlehner Helmut , Bacher Johann , Weber Christoph 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
In der kriminologischen Forschung werden Effekte delinquenter Peerexposition auf das Legalverhalten junger Menschen gerne im Bezugsrahmen statistischer Mehrebenenanalysen bestimmt, in welchen die auf Kontextebene hochaggregierten Selbstauskünfte der befragten Personen als Indikator für die Kriminalitätsbelastung der Freunde verwendet werden. Gerade im europäischen Raum liegen solchen Untersuchungen häufig schulbasierte Stichproben zugrunde. Stillschweigend angenommen wird dabei, dass sich erstens die Freunde eines Jugendlichen aus den Schulkameraden rekrutieren und dass zweitens die aggregierte Delinquenzrate einer Schulkasse eine geeignete Messgröße für die Berechnung des Peer-Effektes darstellt. Dieser Beitrag problematisiert die zweite Annahme und weist nach, dass einerseits das Abstellen auf die unkorrigierte Klassenkriminalitätsrate artifizielle Befunde produziert, weil es den einzelnen Jugendlichen in die Bildung der Expositionsvariablen miteinbezieht (Ego-Bias-Problem), und andererseits der Rückgriff auf herkömmliche Mehrebenenanalysen die reziproken Wirkungsdynamiken zwischen jungen Menschen und ihren Klassenkameraden (Simultanitätsproblem) vernachlässigt. Beide Umstände können auf eine Überschätzung kriminogener Peer-Effekte hinauslaufen. Im gegenständlichen Beitrag werden Modellierungsvarianten, die hier geeignete Abhilfe versprechen, vorgestellt und beispielhaft auf die Ladendiebstahlsdelinquenz von Kindern und Jugendlichen angewandt. Sowohl Instrumentalvariablenregressionsanalysen als auch nicht-rekursive Strukturgleichungsmodelle erbringen Belege für eine moderate Abhängigkeit der Ladendiebstahlsprävalenz adoleszenter Personen vom Umfang der Diebstahlskriminalität ihrer Klassenkameraden.
MXene: two dimensional inorganic compounds, for generation of bound state soliton pulses in nonlinear optical system
Authors: Feng Tianci , Li Xiaohui , Guo Penglai , Zhang Ying , Liu Jishu , Zhang Han 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
MXene are a class of metal carbide and metal nitride materials with a two-dimensional layered structure. MXene Ti3C2Tx has the characteristics of good metal conductivity and adjustable chemical composition, which has attracted the attention of scientists. Recently, Mxene have shown strong nonlinear photonics and optoelectronic effect, which can be used to generate ultrashort pulsed laser. However, soliton molecules pulse in laser cavity based on Mxene have not been reported at present. In this article, MXene have been characterized systematically, and the nonlinear optical characters were measured. In addition, we combined MXene with taper fiber to make a saturable absorber device for an erbium-doped fiber laser. The modulation depth and saturation absorption intensity of MXene are 10.3% and 197.5 MW/cm2, respectively. Thanks to the outstanding character of MXene, a three-order soliton molecules pulse were generated in laser cavity. The center wavelength, pulse interval and spectral modulation period of soliton molecules are 1529.4 nm, 15.5 ps and 0.5 nm, respectively. The above experimental results show that MXene have broad application prospects in the fields of optical fiber communication, laser material processing and high-resolution optics.
Cherenkov radiation generated in hexagonal boron nitride using extremely low-energy electrons
Authors: Qu Tuo , Liu Fang , Lin Yuechai , Cui Kaiyu , Feng Xue , Zhang Wei , Huang Yidong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Cherenkov radiation (CR) is the electromagnetic shockwaves generated by the uniform motion of charged particles at a velocity exceeding the phase velocity of light in a given medium. In the Reststrahlen bands of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPPs) are generated owing to the coupling between mid-infrared electromagnetic waves and strong anisotropic lattice vibrations. This study theoretically and numerically investigates the generation of volume CR based on HPPs in hBN with super-large wavevectors. Results reveal that CR can be generated using free electrons with an extremely low kinetic energy of 1 eV—two orders of magnitude lower than that reported in extant studies. The findings of this investigation provide new insights into significantly reducing the electron energy required for CR generation and potentially open new research avenues in the fields of CR and HPP.
Loss and gain in a plasmonic nanolaser
Authors: Wang Shao-Lei , Wang Suo , Man Xing-Kun , Ma Ren-Min 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Plasmonic nanolasers are a new class of laser devices which amplify surface plasmons instead of photons by stimulated emission. A plasmonic nanolaser cavity can lower the total cavity loss by suppressing radiation loss via the plasmonic field confinement effect. However, laser size miniaturization is inevitably accompanied with increasing total cavity loss. Here we reveal quantitatively the loss and gain in a plasmonic nanolaser. We first obtain gain coefficients at each pump power of a plasmonic nanolaser via analyses of spontaneous emission spectra and lasing emission wavelength shift. We then determine the gain material loss, metallic loss and radiation loss of the plasmonic nanolaser. Last, we provide relationships between quality factor, loss, gain, carrier density and lasing emission wavelength. Our results provide guidance to the cavity and gain material optimization of a plasmonic nanolaser, which can lead to laser devices with ever smaller cavity size, lower power consumption and faster modulation speed.
Nanofocusing of acoustic graphene plasmon polaritons for enhancing mid-infrared molecular fingerprints
Authors: Voronin Kirill V. , Aseguinolaza Aguirreche Unai , Hillenbrand Rainer , Volkov Valentyn S. , Alonso-González Pablo , Nikitin Alexey Y. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Mid-infrared (mid-IR) optical spectroscopy of molecules is of large interest in physics, chemistry, and biology. However, probing nanometric volumes of molecules is challenging because of the strong mismatch of their mid-infrared absorption and scattering cross-sections with the free-space wavelength. We suggest overcoming this difficulty by nanofocusing acoustic graphene plasmon polaritons (AGPs) – oscillations of Dirac charge carriers coupled to electromagnetic fields with extremely small wavelengths – using a taper formed by a graphene sheet above a metallic surface. We demonstrate that due to the appreciable field enhancement and mode volume reduction, the nanofocused AGPs can efficiently sense molecular fingerprints in nanometric volumes. We illustrate a possible realistic sensing sсenario based on AGP interferometry performed with a near-field microscope. Our results can open new avenues for designing tiny sensors based on graphene and other 2D polaritonic materials.
Microcavity-coupled emitters in hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Proscia Nicholas V. , Jayakumar Harishankar , Ge Xiaochen , Lopez-Morales Gabriel , Shotan Zav , Zhou Weidong , Meriles Carlos A. , Menon Vinod M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Integration of quantum emitters in photonic structures is an important step in the broader quest to generate and manipulate on-demand single photons via compact solid-state devices. Unfortunately, implementations relying on material platforms that also serve as the emitter host often suffer from a tradeoff between the desired emitter properties and the photonic system practicality and performance. Here, we demonstrate “pick and place” integration of a Si3N4 microdisk optical resonator with a bright emitter host in the form of ∼20-nm-thick hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). The film folds around the microdisk maximizing contact to ultimately form a hybrid hBN/Si3N4 structure. The local strain that develops in the hBN film at the resonator circumference deterministically activates a low density of defect emitters within the whispering gallery mode volume of the microdisk. These conditions allow us to demonstrate cavity-mediated out-coupling of emission from defect states in hBN through the microdisk cavity modes. Our results pave the route toward the development of chip-scale quantum photonic circuits with independent emitter/resonator optimization for active and passive functionalities.
Crystal structure and anti-inflammatory activity of (3E,5E)-1-((4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl)-3,5-bis(4-fluorobenzylidene)piperidin-4-one-dichloromethane (1/1), C26H20Cl3F2NO3S
Authors: Zhang Li-Xia , Hou Yun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C26H20Cl3F2NO3S, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.6281(7) Å, b = 11.3695(9) Å, c = 14.3529(11) Å, α = 68.166(7)°, β = 80.707(7)°, γ = 71.169(7)°, V = 1235.65(19) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0564, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1376, T = 100.00(10) K.
The crystal structure of (E)-2-(4-((4-fluorobenzyl)oxy)styryl)-4,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, C24H21FO4
Authors: Zhang Min , Lin Jin-Yuan , Liu Jing , Ruan Ban-Feng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C24H21FO4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 6.9734(5) Å, b = 9.0402(7) Å, c = 16.0963(12) Å, α = 98.977(6)°, β = 92.867(6)°, γ = 97.501(6)°, V = 991.14(12) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0540, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1406, T = 273 K.
Atomic force microscopy for cell mechanics and diseases
Authors: Pérez-Domínguez Sandra , Kulkarni Shruti G. , Rianna Carmela , Radmacher Manfred 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a powerful technique widely employed in biophysics, for instance to study topography of living cells and cell mechanics. Cell mechanics is a very interesting, biophysical parameter of cells, because it is strongly changed by various cellular processes, for example during cell division, cell movement, differentiation, aging, and also various diseases. Since cancer is a prominent example of changes in mechanical properties of diseases, the concept of the mechanical fingerprint has developed, which makes it possible to distinguish between healthy and diseased cells. In this article we report on various studies of cell mechanics with the AFM. We will first give a brief introduction on AFM principles and operational modes and then we will report on some applications of AFM in the field of cellular biophysics, like discriminating between healthy and cancer cells, as well as distinguishing cancer cells at different stages of malignancy. Overall, we will show that AFM has made a significant contribution in studying the biophysics of cancer and the concept of mechanical fingerprints could find a wide variety of applications in biomedicine and medical diagnostics.
Thermoelastic analysis of FGM hollow cylinder for variable parameters and temperature distributions using FEM
Authors: Sharma Dinkar , Kaur Ramandeep 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper presents, numerical study of stress field in functionally graded material (FGM) hollow cylinder by using finite element method (FEM). The FGM cylinder is subjected to internal pressure and uniform heat generation. Thermoelastic material properties of FGM cylinder are assumed to vary along radius of cylinder as an exponential function of radius. The governing differential equation is solved numerically by FEM for isotropic and anistropic hollow cylinder. Additionally, the effect of material gradient index (β) on normalized radial stresses, normalized circumferential stress and normalized axial stress are evaluated and shown graphically. The behaviour of stress versus normalized radius of cylinder is plotted for different values of Poisson’s ratio and temperature. The graphical results shown that stress field in FGM cylinder is influenced by some of above mentioned parameters.
Elastic-plastic model for the mechanical properties of paperboard as a function of moisture
Authors: Marin Gustav , Nygårds Mikael , Östlund Sören 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To verify a linear relation between normalized mechanical property and moisture ratio, in-plane tensile tests were performed on four types of paperboard from different manufacturers. Tensile properties were normalized with respect to the property at standard climate (50 % RH, 23 °C). Short-span Compression Tests were also performed to investigate if the relation was linear also for in-plane compression. The tests were performed at different relative humidity (20, 50, 70 and 90 % RH) but with constant temperature (23 °C) in MD and CD, respectively. The linear relation was confirmed for the normalized mechanical properties investigated. In fact, when also the moisture ratio was normalized with the standard climate, all paperboards coincided along the same line. Therefore, each mechanical property could be expressed as a linear function of moisture ratio and two parameters. Moreover, an in-plane bilinear elastic-plastic material model was suggested, based on four parameters: strength, stiffness, yield strength and hardening modulus, where all parameters could be expressed as linear functions of moisture ratio. The model could predict the elastic-plastic behavior for any moisture content from the two parameters in the linear relations and the mechanical properties at standard climate.
Interrogations of the “Chinese Dream” campaign from a critical perspective: deconstruction, receptions and critiques
Authors: Ni Alexandra Jingsi , Liu Qian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe high-profile “Chinese Dream” campaign, which appeared in the public discourse in as early as 2012, has captured worldwide attention. Various interpretations and dissections of this heavily promoted political catchphrase have been proposed by a large number of scholars, political commentators, China specialists and even policy-makers across the globe. Academic publication and popular media coverage regarding the “Chinese Dream” campaign are extensive and numerous.However, despite the sheer amount of literature in existence, a critical deconstruction of the “Chinese Dream” is almost neglected and the crucial strategic functionalities the “Chinese Dream” campaign performs are also downplayed. Therefore, in this article, we intend to provide a series of critical interrogations and in-depth critiques of the “Chinese Dream” campaign from a more critical perspective in order to argue the following points: A) what are the true meanings of the “Chinese Dream” and what are the crucial ingredients deliberately included and excluded in the campaign; B) what are the important strategic functionalities the “Chinese Dream” campaign is designed to perform and what is the supporting understructure upon which the “Chinese Dream” campaign operates and C) what are the uncertainties and challenges facing the eventual realization of the ambitious “Chinese Dream” in the foreseeable future.
Realization of preemptive focus on form in the English-language teaching context
Authors: Tajik Leila , Karimi Khadijeh , Ramezani Ameneh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhilereactive focus on form(FonF) has been addressed extensively in the literature,preemptive FonFhas not attracted the attention it deserves. To fill in part of this gap in the English-language teaching (ELT) context, the present study was conducted to examine the occurrence of preemptive focus on form episodes (FFEs) in the classes of two male and two female English-language teachers. Additionally, it aimed to explore the frequency of student-initiated and teacher-initiated FFEs as well as the uptake and no uptake moves in four classes. To address these issues, all cases of preemptive FFEs were identified in 6 h of instruction obtained from videotaping of four classes. Results confirmed that preemptive FonF does occur in the process of meaning-focused communication and that they are used by male and female teachers almost equally to deal with linguistic difficulties. The findings further showed that student-initiated and teacher-initiated FFEs occurred almost equally in four classes. As to the type of moves, no uptake move was recorded to occur more frequently in male teachers’ classes and to occur more frequently in student-initiated episodes in all classes. Results can raise the awareness of ELT teachers about the benefits of employing preemptive FonF in the context of meaning-focused communications.
Impact of double-diffusive convection and motile gyrotactic microorganisms on magnetohydrodynamics bioconvection tangent hyperbolic nanofluid
Authors: Sajid Tanveer , Sagheer Muhammad , Hussain Shafqat , Shahzad Faisal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe double-diffusive tangent hyperbolic nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms and magnetohydrodynamics past a stretching sheet is examined. By adopting the scaling group of transformation, the governing equations of motion are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The Keller box scheme, a finite difference method, has been employed for the solution of the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The behaviour of the working fluid against various parameters of physical nature has been analyzed through graphs and tables. The behaviour of different physical quantities of interest such as heat transfer rate, density of the motile gyrotactic microorganisms and mass transfer rate is also discussed in the form of tables and graphs. It is found that the modified Dufour parameter has an increasing effect on the temperature profile. The solute profile is observed to decay as a result of an augmentation in the nanofluid Lewis number.
Law as Literature: The Interdisciplinary Endeavour of Oudropo,, and Their Interdisciplinary Play with Text
Authors: Pichler Doris 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The present paper concentrates on the foundational and conceptual basis of the interdisciplinary endeavor of Law and Literature and contributes to an interdisciplinary concept of text. The concept of text must be considered as one of the basic concepts which lie at the heart of both involved disciplines. By departing from a concept of text inspired by literary studies (Roland Barthes, Julia Kristeva, and others) the paper sets out to sketch the characteristics of a concept of text for Law and Literature and suggests adopting practice theories and social semiotics for this purpose. The French group Oudropo,, ‒ a group of mainly legal scholars who playfully deconstruct existing legal documents ‒ serves as a very successful, and rare, example of law as literature and illustrates convincingly the practical application of an interdisciplinary concept of text.
Ionic gelated β-cyclodextrin-biotin-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles prepared as carrier for oral delivery of protein drugs
Authors: Chen Kuanmin , He Suoju , Wang Hui , Zhang Song , Yu Lizhen , Zhang Yue , Elshazly Ezzat H , Ke Lixia , Gong Renmin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and biotin (Bi) were successfully grafted onto carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). And then the β-CD-Bi-CMCS nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared as oral nano-delivery carrier of protein drugs by ionic gelation method. The morphological feature of fabricated drug carrier was determined by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The result showed that the prepared NPs presented spherical structure with an average diameter of 138 nm. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selected as model protein drug that was entrapped in prepared drug carrier with satisfactory entrapment efficiency (79.18%) and loading content (3.96%). The drug release profiles of BSA/β-CD-Bi-CMCS NPs were studied at different pH environment for simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated colonic fluid (SCF). It was found that the BSA/β-CD-Bi-CMCS NPs displayed a pH dependent drug release profiles. After 72 h, the cumulative release amount of BSA in SGF, SIF, and SCF was about 20.57, 74.46, and 91%, respectively. Furthermore, the enzymatic degradation and cytotoxicity studies showed the synthesized β-CD-Bi-CMCS NPs had high chemical stability and biocompatibility. This work indicated that the β-CD-Bi-CMCS NPs had the potentiality as promising nanocarriers for oral delivery of protein drugs.
Bidirectional chemotherapy combining intraperitoneal docetaxel with intravenous 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin for patients with unresectable peritoneal metastasis from gastric cancer: the first study in Western countries
Authors: Lo Dico Rea , Gornet Jean Marc , Guglielmo Nicola , Zaanan Aziz , Taieb Julien , Pocard Marc 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundA new treatment using bidirectional intraperitoneal (IP) and intravenous (IV) chemotherapy developed by Asiatic surgeons improves outcomes in patients with synchronous peritoneal metastasis (PM) from gastric cancer (GC).MethodsWe enrolled six consecutive patients with unresectable PM from GC who underwent bidirectional chemotherapy using IP docetaxel and IV FOLFOX or LV5FU2. In one course, IP docetaxel 30 mg/m2was administrated on days 1, 8 and 15, and IV FOLFOX or LV5FU2 was administered on days 1 and 15, followed by 7 days of rest. Before and after a complete bidirectional cycle of three courses, the peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was evaluated by laparoscopy. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of bidirectional chemotherapy. Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), and the success of the therapeutic strategy was reflected by a decrease of 25% of the initial PCI.ResultsAll patients completed one bidirectional cycle. The regimen was well tolerated. The median OS was 13 months [range 5–18], and the 1-year OS rate was 67%. After the first bidirectional cycle, the PCI decrease ≥25% of the initial value in four patients. A major histological response was observed in four patients.ConclusionsThis is the first Western study and confirms the feasibility and safety of bidirectional treatment using IP and IV chemotherapy for patients with unresectable PM from GC, resulting in a 13-month median OS with limited morbidity. The decrease in PCI after one bidirectional cycle is promising.
Phase-transfer catalysis and the ion pair concept
Authors: González Adelantado Florenci V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis review outlines the recent advances in the field of asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis and the ion-pair concept including alkylation of amino acids and peptides, oxyindoles and other substrates, conjugate additions, fluorinations, photo-induced phase-transfer catalysis, Nitro-Mannich reactions, heterocyclizations and cycloadditions for the preparation of heterocycles, derivatization of isoxazoles, umpolung conjugate addition of imines and other three asymmetric reactions.