bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal shift in the factors affecting the population dynamics of Calanus copepods in the North Sea
Authors: Montero José T. , Lima Mauricio , Estay Sergio A. , Rezende Enrico L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe swap in abundance between two Calanus species in the North Sea during the 1980s constitutes a quintessential example of regime shift, with important ecosystemic and economic repercussions because these copepods constitute a major component of the diet of larval and juvenile cods. It is hypothesized that this transition was driven by gradual changes in primary productivity, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and sea surface temperatures (SST), and yet how these factors contribute to the population dynamics of these two species and the overall regime shift remains unclear. Here, we combine a highly resolved and spatially structured longitudinal dataset with population dynamics theory‐based models to obtain a thorough and more detailed description of populations’ responses to the regime shift observed in the North Sea. Our analyses highlight that this transition exhibits a clear spatial structure and involved a decoupling between the dynamics of Calanus finmarchicus and the NAO in western regions and between Calanus helgolandicus and SST in the eastern regions of the North Sea. Consequently, the observed switch in abundance between these species reflects the interaction between species‐specific attributes, a well‐defined spatial structure with a marked east–west axis and a decoupling between the ecological drivers and Calanus population dynamics following the shift. Succinctly, we suspect that higher water temperatures have favored C. helgolandicus and resulted in restrictive conditions for C. finmarchicus, eventually overshadowing the effects of NAO detected in historical records. Overall, our study illustrates how population dynamics theory can be successfully employed to disentangle the complex and multifactorial nature of a regime shift in response to gradually changing environmental conditions.
E‐Consultation in Headache Medicine: A Quality Improvement Pilot Study
Authors: Robblee Jennifer , Starling Amaal J. 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionAccess to headache consultations by a headache specialist is limited. E‐consultations are an efficient approach shown to reduce costs and improve continuity of care with the primary care provider. Indications, suitability, and uptake in the headache population are not well studied.MethodsThis quality improvement pilot aims to explore the appropriateness of e‐consultations for patients referred to a headache specialist. E‐consultation feasibility was explored through (1) retrospective review of completed face‐to‐face consultations; (2) prospective survey of providers to identify face‐to‐face consultations appropriate for e‐consultation; (3) cross‐sectional review of the current waiting list to assess theoretical triaging to face‐to‐face vs e‐consultation; and (4) prospective review of all e‐consultations requested from an academic headache clinic to improve the understanding of e‐consultation feasibility and referral triage.ResultsThe retrospective review included 75 face‐to‐face consultations with a mean (SD) wait time of 33 (39.4) days for consultations, of which 28/75 (37.3%) were deemed to be feasible e‐consultations. The prospective survey of providers identified 10 face‐to‐face consultations that were felt to be theoretically appropriate for e‐consultation. The cross‐sectional review identified 20 patients on the clinic waiting list, of whom 5/20 (25%) were theoretically triaged to e‐consultation. Finally, the prospective review found 12 requested e‐consultations, of which 6/12 (50%) were for migraine prophylaxis recommendations. Chart data often lacked details for complete assessments, with 5/12 (41.7%) converted to face‐to‐face consultations and only 4/12 (33.3%) deemed appropriate for e‐consultation.ConclusionE‐consultation in headache medicine could be considered if appropriately triaged. Pathways are needed to reach patients earlier in their disease course to ensure headache care meets guideline recommendations, and e‐consultation is 1 option. However, better communication with primary care is required for system optimization.
Evaluation of undergraduate Endodontic teaching in dental schools within Spain
Authors: Segura‐Egea J. J. , Zarza‐Rebollo A. , Jiménez‐Sánchez M. C. , Cabanillas‐Balsera D. , Areal‐Quecuty V. , Martín‐González J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the current situation of undergraduate endodontic teaching in Spanish dental schools.MethodologyAn online version, translated into Spanish, of a survey conducted in the UK (Int Endod J 52, 2019, 1077) was sent via email to the undergraduate endodontic programme leads in all 23 Spanish dental schools.ResultsThe response rate was 96%. In 95% of dental schools, endodontics is taught in the fourth year. Students treat simple root canal treatment cases in 100% of schools and only in 40% treat moderate cases. In 65% of schools, students are supervised by full‐time professors who are specialists in Endodontics, significantly more frequently in private dental schools (P = 0.002). Spanish dental schools use both rotary and reciprocating instrumentation systems during endodontic training, with consistency on methods of working length determination, use of silicate‐based endodontic cements, irrigating solutions, inter‐visit medicaments and canal filling techniques. No type of magnification is used in 90% of dental schools, and only 25% use ultrasonic instruments. Private dental schools have a significantly better staff: student ratio during clinical practice (P = 0.041), spend significantly more hours in clinical training (P = 0.04) and have significantly greater number of clinical areas specifically dedicated to Endodontics (P = 0.010).ConclusionsUndergraduate endodontic teaching in Spanish dental schools follows the key recommendations of the ESE Undergraduate Curriculum Guidelines (Int Endod J 46, 2013, 1105), being, in most respects, comparable to that carried out in the UK (Int Endod J 52, 2019, 1077). The use of magnification and ultrasonic instruments needs to be increased. Private schools reported better results than public schools in some of the variables that were analysed.
Preparation and characterisation of arabinoxylan and (1,3)(1,4)‐β‐glucan alternating multilayer edible films simulated those of wheat grain aleurone cell wall
Authors: Ying Ruifeng , Li Tong , Wu Caie , Huang Meigui 
Published: October 2020

SummaryVarious observations show a lamellar organisation of wheat aleurone cell walls, that likely acted as barriers to regulate the water diffusion rate in wheat grains. In this study, arabinoxylan (AX) and (1,3)(1,4)‐β‐glucan (BG) alternating multilayer films which mimic cell wall of aleurone structure were prepared. Twenty layers of alternating multilayer films of AX/BG were prepared with individual thicknesses of 20 µm. The water diffusion and water mobility of the films were determined using dynamic vapour sorption and time‐domain nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The AX/BG alternating multilayer films exhibited unique mechanical and hydration properties, which could be explained by their unique nanostructure and microporosity. The edible films with this structure were found to exhibit high ultimate stress and ultimate strain, and low rates of water diffusion.
The effect of wounding intensities on vitamins and antioxidant enhancement in potato products
Authors: Ren Xue , Tang Tiantian , Xie Xinfang , Wang Wenjun , Tang Xuanming , Brennan Charles S. , Zhang Jie , Wang Zhidong 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe effect of wounding intensity on vitamins and antioxidant activities from potato were evaluated. Potatoes were submitted to five levels of wounding intensity (A/W) including the whole peeled potato (CK), slices, pies, shreds and chopped samples. The results showed that vitamins in potato products had different responses to the same wounding intensity. Wounding intensity significantly induced VB1, VB2, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide accumulation in potato products, all of which were higher than that of control at each wounding intensity. Slice cutting increased the content of VB2, VB5, VB7 and VB9 compared with the control. Shreds cutting increased the content of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and VC compared with the control. Chopped samples significantly increased the content of VB6, chlorogenic acid and coumaric acid. The wounding intensities also induced the accumulation of L‐phenylalanin ammonia lyase (PAL) activity. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities of potato products decreased after treated by cutting process.
A (Re)view of the Philosophical Foundations of Strategic Management
Authors: Rabetino Rodrigo , Kohtamäki Marko , Federico Juan S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to review how different approaches to social inquiry (e.g. positivist, postpositivist, interpretive, postmodernist and critical theory) have been used in strategy research and how these main paradigms engage with strategy. In a fragmented domain, debates typically match paradigms to schools of thought and use the paradigm concept, sometimes even promiscuously, to examine the underlying premises of different theories. Thus, scholars tend to overlook the debate on philosophical meta‐theoretical assumptions (ontological, epistemological and methodological) and prefer onto‐epistemological approaches that are considered to be ‘normal science’, which underestimate the contributions of certain less traditional streams of research. This review offers a fresh view of the philosophical foundations of the strategic literature by combining author co‐citation and content analysis of a sample of academic sources and analyses both the meta‐theoretical assumptions and the basic paradigmatic assumptions for central constructs that strategy researchers attach to their frameworks (e.g. strategy, environment, firm and strategist). This endeavour enables scholars who work in a multidisciplinary field to gain a better understanding of the philosophical beliefs, principles and conventions held by different research communities and theoretical approaches. Exposing the underlying assumptions, as is done in this study, is a key step in theory development. Hence, this review can help researchers, young scholars and doctoral students navigate a confusing research landscape, problematize the existing literature and set new research questions.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medications and BMI trajectories: The role of medication type, sex and age
Authors: Gurka Matthew J. , Siddiqi Siraj U. , Filipp Stephanie L. , Mercado Rebeccah , Thompson Lindsay A. , Janicke David M. , Shenkman Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryObjectivesAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the medications used to treat it are associated with obesity. Stimulants lead to weight loss, while antipsychotics and antidepressants lead to weight gain. Little is known, however, how alpha‐2‐agonists impact weight, or the independent effect on BMI of these four classes of medications, which are often prescribed concurrently. We aimed to estimate the proximal change in BMI associated with start of medication and to assess whether medication‐specific departures in BMI varied by age and sex.Study DesignWe analysed longitudinal electronic health records from children (4‐19 years) with an ADHD diagnosis seen at one healthcare system (2011‐2018). Their BMI z‐scores were fit as a cubic function of age via a mixed model, separately by sex and adjusting for race/ethnicity. From this model, we estimated annual changes in BMI‐z after medication, allowing changes to vary by age and sex.ResultsAmong the 22 714 children with ADHD (mean initial age = 10.0), 4335 (19.1%) were never prescribed ADHD medication. The others (80.9%) experienced departures in BMI‐z after start of all four medication classes, which varied across age and sex (interaction P‐values < .01). All medications had larger impacts at younger ages. As expected, decreased BMI‐z was observed with stimulants, while antidepressants and antipsychotics led to BMI‐z increases; alpha‐agonists also were associated with BMI‐z increases.ConclusionsThis longitudinal study revealed that ADHD medications are independently associated with proximal changes in BMI‐z after initiation, significantly varying by sex and age. Future research should study further the interactions of these medications on long‐term impacts on obesity.
Implementation of recovery‐oriented practice in hospital‐based mental health services: A systematic review
Authors: Lorien Leonie , Blunden Sarah , Madsen Wendy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecovery‐oriented practice has become the dominant paradigm of practice in mental health services internationally. The exception is hospital‐based mental health services where the biomedical model continues to prevail, in this context defined by high acuity and safety concerns. This review aims to identify the approaches to, and feasibility of, implementing recovery‐oriented practice in hospital‐based mental health services. A systematic review of the literature (2010–2019) identified seventeen studies of recovery‐oriented practice implementation in hospital‐based mental health services. One study was excluded based on quality assessment. Of the remaining studies, seven reported on staff training initiatives, four reported service user programmes facilitated by staff, and five were implementations of models of care. The findings indicate that it is feasible, albeit challenging, to implement recovery‐oriented practice in hospital‐based mental health services. More successful approaches are multimodal, applied over several years and have organizational support. The main barriers to implementation include resistance to change from the embedded, biomedical model, staff attitudes towards recovery, and an absence of consumer involvement in the implementation of recovery‐oriented practice.
A motivated information processing perspective on the antecedents of empowering leadership
Authors: van Knippenberg Daan , Giessner Steffen R. , Sleebos Ed , van Ginkel Wendy P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEmpowering leadership is an important influence on team effectiveness. This makes the question of what the antecedents of team empowering leadership are an important issue to consider. To address this question, we propose a motivated information processing perspective that holds that engaging in empowering leadership is based on social information processing, and that there are individual differences in how elaborate that information processing is. We argue that a key consideration in shifting control from the leader to the team is the extent to which empowering leadership is driven by leaders’ consideration of their trust in the team (i.e., an instance of social information processing), and that leader need for closure (a trait capturing the disposition to carefully consider decisions and actions) moderates the relationship between leader trust in team and empowering leadership. A survey of N = 156 work teams supported these hypotheses.
Interventions to increase appointment attendance in safety net health centers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Crable Erika L. , Biancarelli Dea L. , Aurora Marisa , Drainoni Mari‐Lynn , Walkey Allan J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesMissed appointments are a persistent problem across healthcare settings, and result in negative outcomes for providers and patients. We aimed to review and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce missed appointments in safety net settings.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of interventions reported in three electronic databases. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies were analyzed qualitatively to describe intervention types. A random effects model was used to measure the pooled relative risk of appointment adherence across interventions in the meta‐analysis.ResultsThirty‐four studies met inclusion criteria for the qualitative synthesis, and 21 studies reported sufficient outcome data for inclusion in the meta‐analysis. Qualitative analysis classified nine types of interventions used to increase attendance; however, application of each intervention type varied widely between studies. Across all study types (N = 12 000), RR was 1.08, (95% CI 1.03, 1.13) for any intervention used to increase appointment attendance. No single intervention was clearly effective: facilitated appointment scheduling [RR = 3.31 (95% CI: 0.30, 37.13)], financial incentives [RR = 1.88 (0.73, 4.82)] case management/patient navigator [RR = 1.09, (0.96, 1.24)], text messages [RR = 1.02 (0.96, 1.08)], transportation, [RR = 1.05 (0.98, 1.13)], telephone reminder calls [RR 1.12, (0.87, 1.45)], in‐person referrals, [RR = 1.01 (0.90, 1.13)], patient contracts [RR = 0.87 (0.52, 1.46)] or combined strategies, [RR = 1.16 (1.03, 1.32)]. No strategy was clearly superior to others, p interaction = .50.ConclusionsStrategies to improve appointment adherence in safety net hospitals varied widely and were only modestly effective. Further research harmonizing intervention delivery within each strategy and comparing strategies with the most potential for success is needed.
Mislocalisation of TDP‐43 to the cytoplasm causes cortical hyperexcitability and reduced excitatory neurotransmission in the motor cortex
Authors: Dyer Marcus S. , Reale Laura A. , Lewis Katherine E. , Walker Adam K. , Dickson Tracey C. , Woodhouse Adele , Blizzard Catherine A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease pathologically characterised by mislocalisation of the RNA‐binding protein TAR‐DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Changes to neuronal excitability and synapse dysfunction in the motor cortex are early pathological changes occurring in people with ALS and mouse models of disease. To investigate the effect of mislocalised TDP‐43 on the function of motor cortex neurons we utilised mouse models that express either human wild‐type (TDP‐43WT) or nuclear localisation sequence‐deficient TDP‐43 (TDP‐43ΔNLS) on an inducible promoter that enriches expression to forebrain neurons. Pathophysiology was investigated through immunohistochemistry and whole‐cell patch‐clamp electrophysiology. Thirty days expression of TDP‐43ΔNLS in adult mice did not cause any changes in the number of CTIP2‐positive neurons in the motor cortex. However, at this time‐point, the expression of TDP‐43ΔNLS drives intrinsic hyperexcitability in layer V excitatory neurons of the motor cortex. This hyperexcitability occurs concomitantly with a decrease in excitatory synaptic input to these cells and fluctuations in both directions of ionotropic glutamate receptors. This pathophysiology is not present with TDP‐43WT expression, demonstrating that the localisation of TDP‐43 to the cytoplasm is crucial for the altered excitability phenotype. This study has important implications for the mechanisms of toxicity of one of the most notorious proteins linked to ALS, TDP‐43. We provide the first evidence that TDP‐43 mislocalisation causes aberrant synaptic function and a hyperexcitability phenotype in the motor cortex, linking some of the earliest dysfunctions to arise in people with ALS to mislocalisation of TDP‐43.
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Changing Worship Practices in American Congregations
Authors: Roso Joseph , Holleman Anna , Chaves Mark 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWorship is the core activity of American congregations and the primary way people experience religion collectively in the United States. We use data from the National Congregations Study (NCS), notably including data from the fourth wave, collected in 2018–19, to examine two key trends in worship practices among American religious congregations. First, the trend toward more informal and enthusiastic worship identified in earlier NCS surveys continues into 2019. Showing no signs of having reached a plateau, a more informal worship style has increased in prevalence across every major American religious tradition. Second, recently developed communication technologies have permeated congregations’ worship services in ways that change the collective experience. Collected on the eve of the COVID‐19 pandemic, NCS‐IV data on worship and technology provide a baseline for future examinations of worship changes caused by the pandemic, and a window into congregations’ technological preparedness for a world in which it is not safe to gather.
Introducing the Fourth Wave of the National Congregations Study
Authors: Chaves Mark , Hawkins Mary , Holleman Anna , Roso Joseph 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe fourth wave of the National Congregations Study (NCS‐IV) was conducted in 2018–2019 with a nationally representative sample of congregations from across the religious spectrum. The NCS‐IV included a fresh cross‐section of congregations generated in conjunction with the 2018 General Social Survey and a panel of congregations that participated in the third NCS wave. Data were collected via a 65‐minute interview with one key informant from 1,262 congregations. The cooperation rate was 74 percent; the conservatively calculated response rate was 69 percent. Information was gathered about multiple aspects of congregations’ social composition, structure, activities, leadership, and programming. Approximately two‐thirds of the NCS‐IV questionnaire replicates items from previous NCS waves. This introduction to the NCS‐IV symposium describes NCS‐IV methodology and special features of the new data. The three symposium articles present NCS‐IV results about congregations’ political activities, racial and ethnic composition, and worship practices.
Belief in Hell and Parenting Priorities Concerning Child Independence and Obedience: Does Economic Context Matter?
Authors: Jung Jong Hyun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study examines the ways that belief in hell is associated with parental goals concerning child independence and obedience. Further, it assesses how this association is contingent upon economic circumstances of a nation, reflected by a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. Multilevel analyses with data from the sixth wave of the World Values Survey (2010‐2014) show that belief in hell is associated with a greater likelihood of opposing independence and endorsing obedience. Yet, these observed associations differ across national economic context. Specifically, the negative association between belief in hell and parental endorsement of independence is greater in countries that are more economically developed. Similarly, the positive association between belief in hell and parental endorsement of obedience is greater in countries that are more economically developed. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed regarding the interplay of religion, parental values about child socialization, and social context.