bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disenchantment with Democracy
Authors: Reykowski Janusz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The main theme of the book is the resurgence in the countries of liberal democracy, the political movements that express an approval for violence as a mean of attaining group goals. From ancient time, violence was a commonly accepted, dominant way of gaining wealth, prestige, and fame, as well as a means of social control and socialization of young generations. Human communities attempted to regulate and curtail violence, primarily in intragroup relations. A major change in attitude toward violence was brought about by the development of liberal culture and liberal institutions that saw individual freedom and individual rights as fundamental values. The role of violence was to be limited by two main institutions: the free market and liberal democracy, both of which regard individual freedom as a cardinal principle. However, they have both turned out to be fallible. Conflicts of interests, ideological or world views contradictions, and identity differences are sources of destructive conflicts that trigger various forms of violence: political, economic, symbolic, and physical. This book focuses on two issues. One refers to the psychological nature of the main conflicts and the question of whether those conflicts are intractable and must necessarily lead to destructive consequences. The other, concerns the imperfections of liberal institutions, which render them unable to perform sufficiently well one of their basic functions, that is, removing violence from the sphere of human relations. This analysis is carried out from a specific perspective, focusing on psychological sources and consequences of the phenomena discussed in the book.
Opposed Interests as a Source of Conflict*
Authors: Reykowski Janusz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
According to Realistic Conflict Theory, opposing claims to scarce resources such as wealth, prestige, and power generate antagonisms and initiate conflicts with potentially destructive consequences. However, the consequences of such opposed interests may differ depending on how people understand their own interests and how they interpret their conflict. The clash of interests is a certain form of interdependence between people that can be described in terms of the Dual Concern Model. The model implies that in conflicts people might take into consideration their own as well as the other party’s interests. Their behavior depends on their understanding of the conflict situation and the characteristics, which they attribute to the participants in the conflict. The dominant ideology may play a major role shaping peoples’ interpretation of the situation and preferences for strategies of conflict resolution.
Afterword
Authors: Freeman Margaret H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Throughout this book, I have attempted to take up Archibald MacLeish’s challenge to show how poets can carry the world in all its complexities into the human mind, in enclosing boundless space in a square foot of paper, and in how deluge can pour from the inch space of the heart. By exploring the workings of the cognitive sciences in approaches to poetry and reevaluating the nature of aesthetics as basic to both the sciences and the arts, I hope to have shown how a poem may create an icon of felt reality. Answers to MacLeish’s questions lie in recognition of a world that, in its never-ending changes and transformations, provides ever new horizons for seekers of knowledge and wisdom. Art in all its forms takes a necessary place along with the sciences in the human expressions of aesthetic cognition by iconically understanding the being of an infinitely changing reality.
Maritime Interaction and Mediterranean Communities
Authors: Leidwanger Justin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis chapter introduces the argument and background for the study, exploring Mediterranean connectivity through interaction across the sea. It reviews relevant motivators and logistics behind Roman maritime connections and situates these aspects within broader discussion and debate over Rome’s economic history. The dataset of shipwreck and port sites along the coasts of Turkey and Cyprus that forms the basis of analysis for the case study is introduced and contextualized alongside recent efforts to amass and analyze bulk data, with a particular focus on the challenges and opportunities of working with uneven evidence. A brief overview of the book’s structure is provided.
Maritime Networks in the Roman East
Authors: Leidwanger Justin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis chapter brings together insights into the structures and dynamics of Roman maritime interaction, stressing the need to approach it as a spatially and temporally grounded network phenomenon. Discrete and dynamic regional maritime economies—featuring their own small mariners, simple ports, and flexible mobilities—formed the basis for agricultural distribution reaching beyond urban centers. The intersection of these regions with Mediterranean-wide connections offered the opportunity for flexible and varying forms of integration. This approach sheds new light on the emergence and evolution of maritime networks across the eastern Mediterranean, as well as their stability and dynamics in light of the broader economic, political, and social shifts that marked the transformation to Late Antiquity. The chapter ends by considering broader application of this methodology to other datasets for connectivity.
Myths, Misconceptions, and Invalid Assumptions About Counseling and Psychotherapy
Authors: Kottler Jeffrey , Balkin Richard S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In Myths, Misconceptions, and Invalid Assumptions about Counseling the authors examine the science, art, and certainties and uncertainties of psychotherapy. In this book we have selected several dozen issues in our field, many of which are considered generally accepted principles or operating assumptions. We put them under close scrutiny to examine them more carefully. We’ve considered a wide variety of subjects, ranging from those that relate to our espoused beliefs, theoretical models, favored techniques and interventions, to accreditation and licensing requirements. We have also addressed some of the sanctioned statements about the nature and meaning of empirically supported and evidence based treatments. We even question what we can truly “know” for sure and how we can be certain these things are true. When considering the efficacy of psychotherapy, there is overwhelming evidence that the vast majority of clients are significantly improved as a result of our treatments. Advances in the models, methods, and strategies during the last few decades have allowed us to work more swiftly and efficiently, to reach a much more economically and culturally diverse population. But do we really know and understand as much as we pretend to? Is the foundation upon which we stand actually as stable and certain as we think, or at least claim to believe? Are the major assumptions and “truths” that we take for granted and accept as foundational principles really supported by solid data? And how might these assumptions, beliefs, and constructs we hold so sacred perhaps compromise and limit increased creativity and innovation? These are some of the uncomfortable and provocative questions that we wish to raise, and perhaps challenge, so that we might consider alternative conceptions that might further increase our effectiveness and improve our knowledge base grounded with solid evidence.
Some Tenuous Assumptions and Conceptions
Authors: Kottler Jeffrey A. , Balkin Richard S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In Some Tenuous Assumptions and Conceptions the authors explain how the myth of certainty affects the therapist. Therapists may often be overconfident in their ability, experience, and approach to counseling. As a result, therapists’ interpretations often lack the accuracy or understanding of clients’ feelings or behaviors. Therapists tend to underestimate the role of parallel processes, in which the impact a therapist believes to be having on a client is also impacting the therapist. Understanding that expertise, experience, and approach do not necessarily guarantee success with a client or even that the therapist has an accurate understanding of the client. Therapists are encouraged to embrace uncertainty when working with a client, as this type of vulnerability may actually enhance the working alliance and serve as a catalyst for client progress.
When Therapy Fails
Authors: Kottler Jeffrey A. , Balkin Richard S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In When Therapy Fails the authors highlight that therapy efforts rarely fail in the sense that clients don’t receive anything meaningful and helpful after their investment of time, effort, and resources. Sometimes clients do not get everything they want from the experience, but it is relatively rare that they leave worse off than when they came. Overall, clients tend to be satisfied with the care they receive and the outcomes associated with it. However, when clients do experience failure in therapy, it is often perceived as the failure of the client, not the failure of the therapist or the therapeutic approach. Numerous therapeutic interventions have been deemed ineffective after years of implementation. Moreover, therapists need to be open to failure with clients and understanding the contributing factors to client failure.
Intake Interviews—The “Real” Problem and the Best Way to Fix It
Authors: Kottler Jeffrey A. , Balkin Richard S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In Intake Interviews, the “Real” Problem, and How to Fix It, the authors identify the process and unrealistic expectations of the intake interview. With a 60 to 90 minute framework, the clinician is to identify problems, diagnose, and document a treatment plan. The intake interview often is a formal or standardized process for therapy—a process that may neither be formal nor standardized. Moreover, there is very poor consistency on how to interpret information form an intake session. Clinicians will often disagree on diagnoses and problem areas. Therapists inevitably will develop very diverse treatment plans. Diagnoses tend to be highly inconsistent among clinicians and often contribute more to client stigma than care. Moreover, the formal process of the intake interview may take away from the client’s agenda, which is important to understanding the client and the client returning for therapy.
Why the Effects of Therapy Don’t Often Last
Authors: Kottler Jeffrey A. , Balkin Richard S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In Why the Effects of Therapy Don’t Often Last, the authors confront the issue of longstanding change from therapy. Compared to other professions, such as a surgeon or a mechanic, the service they provide is to have a lasting effect. This is not necessarily true for counseling. Permanent and enduring change is elusive in therapy; clients may relapse or regress. Factors that lead to change range from traumatic events in internal insights to existential crises. Within the therapist’s influence, developing trust, demonstrating respect, initiating a collaborative relationship, and engaging in a directive but supportive, nonconfrontational approach are qualities that are universal to a variety of theoretical approaches and appear influential in lasting change for clients.
Scolding Therapists About Social Justice and Advocacy
Authors: Kottler Jeffrey A. , Balkin Richard S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In Scolding Therapists About Social Justice and Advocacy, the authors address the daunting nature of advocacy for oppressed and marginalized populations. On one hand is the sanctimonious and self-righteous behavior of others who claim mental health professionals are not doing enough. On the other hand is the realities that true advocacy work is complicated, challenging, difficult, and often unplanned. Such efforts come about due to the nature of the work to which mental health professionals are engaged. However, there are innumerable benefits to engaging in altruistic, selfless, advocacy efforts, including contributions to client welfare, social justice, meaningfulness, and personal well-being. Advocacy efforts can change the lives of clients and helping professionals.
Introduction: Civil Society and Egypt’s Arab Spring
Authors: Herrold Catherine E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe introduction presents the book’s main argument: that civil society organizations operating in autocratic states can take advantage of a political opening to promote democracy and that their efforts can offer lessons to US policy makers about how to better structure and implement democracy aid. The chapter begins by laying out how Egyptian NGOs and philanthropic organizations understood the aims of Egypt’s 2011 uprisings and worked to promote democracy in their aftermath. It then situates these organizations’ efforts in existing literature on civil society in authoritarian contexts and studies of US democracy aid, demonstrates the book’s contributions, and outlines the book’s structure.
The Co-Optation of Egypt’s NGO Sector
Authors: Herrold Catherine E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChapter 1 opens the book with an account of Egypt’s NGO sector as it existed under Mubarak. Tracing the growth of Egypt’s NGO sector through the latter half of the twentieth century, it introduces the reader to the types of organizations established and shows how the Mubarak regime used them to simultaneously divide Egyptian civil society and advance the government’s neoliberal economic agenda. It goes on to show how, through official laws, unofficial harassment, and clientelist relations, the Mubarak regime molded an NGO sector that addressed social welfare needs and presented a guise of liberalization while failing to unite in a cohesive oppositional bloc.
Conclusion
Authors: Herrold Catherine E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe concluding chapter ties together lessons learned and offers a set of policy recommendations aimed at making US democracy aid more relevant, sustainable, and effective. After summarizing the book’s argument, the chapter maintains that Egyptian NGOs’ perseverance in democracy promotion suggests that organizations operating in autocratic states can create incremental progress toward democracy in ways that existing theories overlook. It proposes that democracy aid could be reformed by de-compartmentalizing grantmaking, funding different types of grantees, reforming application and evaluation procedures, and driving national values instead of institutions. While the Arab Spring did not lead directly to democracy, the uprisings across the Middle East and North Africa gave citizens the space to demand freedom, dignity, and social justice. As this book has shown, local groups are still struggling for those rights as they work to build democracy from the ground up.
Conclusion
Authors: Beissinger Mark R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Russia and China took fundamentally different approaches to authoritarian rule beginning in the 1980s. But there is another dimension to the divide of the 1980s that has rendered. Chinese and Russian authoritarianisms increasingly similar: their common embrace of globalization. Both regimes established statist versions of globalization that seek to contain the impact of external influences and global fluctuations even while integrating into the global economic system. Even while globalizing, both have engaged in similar efforts to regulate their civil societies, cut them off from external sources of support, inoculate citizens against foreign ideas, and utilize globalization to their advantage. In their congruent handling of the challenges posed by globalization, Chinese and Russian authoritarianism may in fact be converging toward common forms of domination that render the institutional differences between competitive and non-competitive forms of authoritarianism moot.
Cultural Economies of Locative Media
Authors: Wilken Rowan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cultural Economies of Locative Media examines the manifold ways that location, location-awareness, and location data have all become familiar yet increasingly significant parts of our mobile-mediated experiences of everyday life. The book explores the complex of interrelationships that mutually define the new business models and economic factors that emerge around and structure locative media services, their diverse social uses and cultures of consumption, and their policy implications and impacts. It offers a detailed, in-depth account of how location-based services, such as GPS-enabled mobile smartphones and associated applications, are socially, culturally, economically, and politically produced and shaped, as much as technically designed and manufactured. The result is a rich, composite portrait of locative media in all its cultural economic complexity.
Introduction
Authors: Hejduk Julia Dyson 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
After explaining briefly who “Jupiter” is and why this quintessential “god of Rome” cannot simply be equated with Zeus, the introduction sets the stage with a brief overview of three aspects of the Augustan poets’ cultural milieu: Greek Zeus, whom they knew primarily through literature and visual art; Roman religion, which they lived and breathed; and the rise of Augustus, which would transform Roman society and, subsequently, nearly all human societies. It then explains the book’s author-by-author structure and varying organization within each discussion; its attempt to examine all appearances of Jupiter; and several of the book’s themes, such as the tension between opposites, lover versus thunderer, and parallels between Jupiter and Augustus.
Horace
Authors: Hejduk Julia Dyson 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The analysis of Jupiter in Horace shows the importance of genre in assessing the poet’s “philosophy” or “theology.” Our possession of Horace’s works in their entirety lets us see the different faces Jupiter presents: satirist’s ally, desirable lover, cause and punisher of civil war, avatar of Fortune, parallel to Augustus, tribal god of Rome, and many more. The Satires show us a basic alliance between Jupiter and the satirist, both disgusted at human foibles. In the Epodes, Jupiter participates in the impotentia of a world gone awry, sometimes at the mercy of nature, sometimes the recipient of ineffectual prayers, sometimes a player in an impossible fantasy of escape, even though he created the conditions that allowed fratricide to flourish. Odes 1–3 make the god a key player in Horace’s journey from the poetics of war to those of peace, with all that implies about the ascendance of Augustus. The Epistles, the Carmen Saeculare, and Odes 4 represent a diminuendo in Jupiter’s importance as he becomes eclipsed by the new gods of the Augustan regime: Apollo and Augustus himself. In the Ars Poetica, Jupiter has all but disappeared. Perhaps the most comprehensive conclusion is essentially a negative one: Horace makes Jupiter neither a consistent locus for protest nor a consistent purveyor of “Augustan” values.
Conclusion
Authors: Hejduk Julia Dyson 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
“Jupiter” was a creation of poetry as much as of philosophy, theology, or cultic practice—if those things can even be separated. What Jupiter, then, did the poets make? Fate’s voice or Fate’s subject? Life-giving rain, cataclysmic storms, the overseer of human bonds, the destroyer of unlucky civilizations, the perfect lover, the tyrannical rapist? The answer, of course, is “all of the above.” His thunderbolt can be used for punishing human hubris or breaking down a girl’s door; Ganymede can be a symbol of rapture or rape. Throughout most of Augustan poetry, the most comprehensive conclusion about the relationship between Jupiter and Augustus is partly a negative one. While the poets’ Jupiter reflects their response to the social and political changes set in motion by the first princeps, the chief Olympian is too multivalent a figure to have his characterization determined entirely by Roman politics. Roman poets found Jupiter, but they also made him. From that conversation emerged a living reality that, like poetry itself, can never be adequately paraphrased.
Digital Journalism, Drones, and Automation
Authors: Dowd Cate 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Advances in online technology and news systems, such as automated reasoning across digital resources and connectivity to cloud servers for storage and software, have changed digital journalism production and publishing methods. Integrated media systems used by editors are also conduits to search systems and social media, but the lure of big data and rise in fake news have fragmented some layers of journalism, alongside investments in analytics and a shift in the loci for verification. Data has generated new roles to exploit data insights and machine learning methods, but access to big data and data lakes is so significant it has spawned newsworthy partnerships between media moguls and social media entrepreneurs. However, digital journalism does not even have its own semantic systems that could protect the values of journalism, but relies on the affordances of other systems. Amidst indexing and classification systems for well-defined vocabulary and concepts in news, data leaks and metadata present challenges for journalism. By contrast data visualisations and real-time field reporting with short-form mobile media and civilian drones set new standards during the European asylum seeker crisis. Aerial filming with drones also adds to the ontological base of journalism. An ontology for journalism and intersecting ontologies can inform the design of new semantic learning systems. The Semantic CAT Method, which draws on participatory design and game design, also assists the conceptual design of synthetic players with emotion attributes, towards a meta-model for learning. The design of context-aware sensor systems to protect journalists in conflict zones is also discussed.
Formative digital and online technologies in news and journalism
Authors: Dowd Cate 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Online news systems share some affordances of Turing’s universal machine, especially configurability, but the early generation of web standards enabled data sharing, interoperability, and ultimately frameworks to reasoning about digital resources. At the backend of online news, indexing, mark-up languages, and applied logic, provide a base for machine intelligence that ultimately extends to cloud servers and big data. However, XML languages, like RSS, enabled the first phase of sharing stories in the form of newsfeeds. Specific mark-up for online news, such a NewsML, also defined layout and other features of news sites. Tim Berners-Lee established the W3C for online standards in the 1980s, and then on the cusp of the 21st century he proposed semantic and structured approaches for meaningful data sharing online. However, in subsequent years entrepreneurs have appropriated semantic approaches for different ends. The atomisation of data also introduces “personalised” data preferences to pitch news stories.