bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Radiologist Knowledge Into MRI Quality Metrics for Machine Learning Using Rank‐Based Ratings
Authors: Tang Chenwei , Eisenmenger Laura B. , Rivera‐Rivera Leonardo , Huo Eugene , Junn Jacqueline C. , Kuner Anthony D. , Oechtering Thekla H. , Peret Anthony , Starekova Jitka , Johnson Kevin M. 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundDeep learning (DL) often requires an image quality metric; however, widely used metrics are not designed for medical images.PurposeTo develop an image quality metric that is specific to MRI using radiologists image rankings and DL models.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 19,344 rankings on 2916 unique image pairs from the NYU fastMRI Initiative neuro database was used for the neural network‐based image quality metrics training with an 80%/20% training/validation split and fivefold cross‐validation.Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T and 3 T T1, T1 postcontrast, T2, and FLuid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR).AssessmentSynthetically corrupted image pairs were ranked by radiologists (N = 7), with a subset also scoring images using a Likert scale (N = 2). DL models were trained to match rankings using two architectures (EfficientNet and IQ‐Net) with and without reference image subtraction and compared to ranking based on mean squared error (MSE) and structural similarity (SSIM). Image quality assessing DL models were evaluated as alternatives to MSE and SSIM as optimization targets for DL denoising and reconstruction.Statistical TestsRadiologists' agreement was assessed by a percentage metric and quadratic weighted Cohen's kappa. Ranking accuracies were compared using repeated measurements analysis of variance. Reconstruction models trained with IQ‐Net score, MSE and SSIM were compared by paired t test. P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsCompared to direct Likert scoring, ranking produced a higher level of agreement between radiologists (70.4% vs. 25%). Image ranking was subjective with a high level of intraobserver agreement () and lower interobserver agreement (). IQ‐Net and EfficientNet accurately predicted rankings with a reference image ( and ). However, EfficientNet resulted in images with artifacts and high MSE when used in denoising tasks while IQ‐Net optimized networks performed well for both denoising and reconstruction tasks.Data ConclusionImage quality networks can be trained from image ranking and used to optimize DL tasks.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 1
Temporal Dynamics and (Para)Clinical Factors Associated With (Long) Viral RNA Shedding in COVID‐19 Nonhospitalized Individuals – The COVID‐HOME Study
Authors: Vlaming‐van Eijk Larissa E. , Ertugrul Imran A. , Upasani Vinit , Wold Karin I. , Vincenti‐Gonzalez María F. , Veloo Alida C. M. , Bourgonje Arno R. , Pantano Daniele , Gard Lilli , de Boer Gerolf , Niesters Hubert G. M. , Friedrich Alexander W. , Knoester Marjolein , van der Gun Bernardina T. F. , Rodenhuis‐Zybert Izabela A. , Tami Adriana 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding temporal patterns and determinants of RNA shedding is important to comprehend SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission and improve biosafety/isolation guidelines. Nonhospitalized SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected individuals and household members were enrolled between March 2020 and June 2021 and followed prospectively ≥ 3 weeks during acute disease and at 3‐, 6‐, 12‐, and 18‐months to obtain (para)clinical data and biospecimens. Flow cytometry‐based surrogate assay (FlowSA) detected viable SARS‐CoV‐2. Determinants of long RNA shedding ( ≥ 21 days) were investigated. RNA shedding median duration was 14 days (IQR 8.0–21.0) for nasopharyngeal/throat (NPT) and 7 days (IQR 1.0–27.0) for feces— but 20 days (IQR 7.0–27.8) when excluding individuals positive at a single timepoint (25.2%). Among 17 NPT long shedders with FlowSA results, 12 (70.6%) demonstrated viable virus. NPT long shedding was independently positively associated with endocrine disease and chills. Fecal long shedding was independently inversely associated with age, female sex, and fatigue, but positively with vomiting. No associations with long‐term COVID‐19‐related complaints were observed. Finally, fecal long shedders demonstrated higher anti‐spike(S1) IgG levels over 18‐month follow‐up than non‐long shedders (p = 0.006). (Long) SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA shedding in NPT and feces associates with age and acute—but not prolonged—symptoms. The roles of prolonged infectious shedding and fecal shedding in transmission and immunity remain unclear.
High‐density mapping in catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in Asia Pacific region: An observational study
Authors: Huang Yu‐Shan , Pak Hui‐Nam , Hiroshima Kenichi , Yamaguchi Takanori , Chen Yung‐Lung , Fukaya Hidehira , Soejima Kyoko , Yan Bryan Ping‐Yen , Morishima Itsuro , Shizuta Satoshi , Okubo Kenji , Zheng Qiangsun , Choi Jong‐Il , Jiang Chenyang , Ieda Masaki , Horvath Eric Emil , Lo Li‐Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundFew clinical studies of atrial fibrillation (AF) have focused on Asian patients; data are lacking on current mapping and ablation strategies in the Asia Pacific region (APAC).ObjectiveThe HD Mapping Observational Study (NCT04022954) was designed to characterize electroanatomic mapping (EAM) with market‐released high‐density mapping (HDM) catheters in subjects with AF in APAC.MethodsSubjects undergoing HDM and indicated for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to treat AF were prospectively enrolled in APAC. Data included mapping strategy and ablation targets. EAM was performed using one of two commercially available HDM catheters (Advisor™ HD Grid, Sensor Enabled™, Abbott [GRID] or Inquiry™ AFocus II™ Double Loop, Abbott [DL]). Procedure‐related adverse events were collected.ResultsTwo hundred subjects were enrolled at 15 centers: 164 with symptomatic paroxysmal (PAF) and 36 with symptomatic persistent (PersAF) AF for de novo ablation. GRID and DL were used in 186 and 14 cases, respectively. All subjects underwent voltage mapping, with conservative thresholds (low voltage ≤0.5 mV and very low voltage/electrical scar ≤0.1 mV) used in 60.2% and 35.4% of maps, respectively. Focal impulses, rotors, complex fractionated electrograms, and other substrate targets were each searched for in <3% of subjects. Median time to generate a map was 9.0 (Q1: 5.0, Q3: 13.0) minutes. Ablation strategy included pulmonary vein (PV) isolation in all, and non‐PV triggers in 75/200 (37.5%) subjects. Five serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated an efficient strategy with the feasibility and safety of using HDM during AF ablation procedures in APAC.
Effects of periodontal disease on the reproductive performance and offspring of Wistar rats
Authors: Zeffa Aline Campos , Sestario Camila Salvador , Ramos Solange de Paula , Andrello Avacir Casanova , Simão Andréa Name Colado , Salles Maria José Sparça 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis can induce systemic inflammation, and it may affect the testicles and male reproductive performance. This study investigated the effects of periodontitis on the testicles, reproductive performance, and offspring development in male rats.MethodsMale Wistar rats were induced with periodontitis by ligating their first molars. After 14 days of inducing periodontal lesions, the animals were observed for an additional 54 days, corresponding to a complete cycle of spermatogenesis. Rats from the periodontitis group (GP, n = 12) and the control group (GC, n = 12) were paired with healthy females (n = 48) for 10 days, equivalent to 2 estrous cycles. Post‐mating, the males underwent microtomographic, histological, and reproductive parameter assessments.ResultsMicrotomographic analysis revealed higher porosity around the first molar in GP (26 ± 6%) and greater distance between the amelocemental junction and the alveolar bone (1.37 [1.12–1.90] mm), indicative of bone resorption. GP also exhibited significant decreases in final body weight, reduced Sertoli and Leydig cell counts, and lowered testosterone levels compared to GC. Significant morphological alterations in sperm tails were observed in GP compared to GC.ConclusionsPeriodontitis adversely affected reproductive performance, evoking, and offspring development in male rats. These findings highlight the systemic impacts of periodontal disease on male reproductive health in an animal model.Plain Language SummaryOur study investigated how periodontitis can affect male reproductive health in rats and offspring development. We induced periodontitis in male rats and, after a full cycle of sperm production, these rats were mated with healthy females. We observed that the rats with periodontitis had worse reproductive performance compared to the control group without periodontitis. Additionally, the offspring of the rats with periodontitis showed signs of compromised intrauterine development and a higher incidence of congenital malformations. These results highlight that the inflammation caused by periodontitis can have adverse effects beyond the mouth, significantly impacting male reproductive health and offspring development. These findings suggest the need for further research into the clinical implications of periodontitis on reproductive health.
Localised Chronic Fibrosing Vasculitis in a 6 Year Old Boy Clinically Mimicking Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Authors: Brena Michela , Aromolo Italo Francesco , Monzani Nicola Adriano , Cambiaghi Stefano , Croci Giorgio Alberto , Benaglia Chiara , Cavalli Riccardo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis case outlines the stepwise evaluation of a growing plaque on the back of a 6‐year‐old boy mimicking dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Further investigations, including echography and two biopsies, led to the unexpected diagnosis of Localised Chronic Fibrosing Vasculitis, highlighting the importance of considering rare entities in challenging cases.
The Effect of Ear Covering on Sound Localization and Speech Intelligibility in Operating Room
Authors: Handal Kristen , Koehnke Janet , McInerney Maryrose , Besing Joan , Lalwani Anil K. 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of the surgical bouffant cap on hearing, sound localization, and speech intelligibility in the operating room (OR).BackgroundCovering of the ear during surgical procedures has been promoted to prevent surgical site infection (SSI) from ear pathogens. However, the potential impact of ear covering on hearing in the OR has not been studied.MethodsTwenty participants with normal hearing underwent auditory testing with and without surgical attire (bouffant cap and surgical mask). Auditory threshold testing was performed with warble tones in a sound‐treated booth. In the speech intelligibility test, participants were instructed to identify the last word of Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) sentences (high and low predictability) in OR background noise. In the sound source localization test, participants were asked to localize a speech source amidst OR background noise.ResultsThreshold measures showed no significant effect of wearing surgical attire on detection thresholds. Wearing surgical attire significantly impaired speech intelligibility (p < 0.05). Sound localization was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe use of the surgical bouffant cap and mask makes it more difficult to understand speech in the presence of OR noise. This could lead to miscommunication and impact surgical outcome; thus, ear covering should be avoided.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 2024
Land Use Conflicts Identification and Multi‐Scenario Simulation in Mountain Cities, Southwest China: A Coupled Structural and Functional Perspective
Authors: Li Weijie , Kang Jinwen , Wang Yong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLand use conflicts (LUCs) arise during land use change, causing an uncoordinated spatial structure of the land and negatively affecting the synergistic development of multifunctionality, especially in mountain cities. Previous studies have focused on identifying and measuring land use structural conflicts (LUSC), with less attention paid to land use functional conflicts (LUFC), and a lack of simulation for future multi‐scenarios. Thus, taking Chongqing as an example, based on the perspective of LUSC–LUFC coupling, this study constructed a comprehensive conflict index to identify and assess LUCs, then applied the PLUS model to predict LUCs under three development scenarios in 2030. This study found that (1) there was a significant positive spatial association between LUSC and LUFC, with high–high agglomeration types in areas of severe LUCs and low–low agglomeration types in areas of light LUCs. (2) During 2000–2020, the LUCs in Chongqing displayed a trend of upward and then downward from 2000 to 2020, with significant agglomeration in their spatial pattern. (3) Two typical areas of LUCs intensification were identified, namely the topographic transition zone located in the Daba and Wuling mountains and the urban–rural interface in the Chongqing metropolitan area. (4) In 2030, the LUCs in Chongqing manifest an overall mitigation in the ecological protection (EP) scenario, while displaying an intensification in the natural development (ND) and economic development (ED) scenarios. Based on the types of spatial interaction between LUSC and LUFC, land use optimization strategies were formulated. The findings will provide scientific references for sustainable land use management decisions in Chongqing and other mountainous cities.
Flow‐Based Electromagnetic Information Recovery for Inaccessible Area and Low‐Resolution Detection
Authors: You Guangfeng , Qian Chao , Tan Shurun , Tian Longwei , Wu Ouling , He Guangming , Chen Hongsheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMetasurfaces are widely applied in various applications, such as none‐line‐of‐sight detection, radar imaging enhancement, and non‐invasive monitoring. However, electromagnetic (EM) information recovery in inaccessible and occluded areas is of great importance to obtain complete EM picture, albeit challenging. Conventional methods to this end typically necessitate specific prior knowledge and suffer from performance degradation due to implicit computation mechanism. Here a flow‐based framework is proposed to facilitate the explicit computation of conditional distribution between the partially accessible EM field and complete EM field. The adjacent distributions in a hierarchical architecture exhibit similarity and seamless convertibility between each other, facilitating a smooth transition without performance degradation. The method is benchmarked through two typical scenarios, i.e., resolution enhancement and field recovery in randomly occluded areas. Even in an entirely unseen scene, the EM information recovery maintains consistence with the ground truth, with maximum error below 10%. The work provides a key advance for EM information recovery in complex real‐world environment, offering fresh insights on information access and detection even in extreme cases.
Realization of a Chiral Topological Whispering‐Gallery‐Mode Cavity in Gyromagnetic Photonic Crystals
Authors: Wu Zhengting , Wang Ziyao , Meng Yan , Chen Jingming , Xi Xiang , Shum Perry Ping , Gao Zhen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhotonic whispering‐gallery‐mode (WGM) cavities formed by total internal reflection of light around closed paths have played a central role in modern optics. Recently, extensive efforts have been devoted to achieving topologically photonic WGM cavities that are robust against defects or obstacles. However, previous experimental studies on topological photonic WGM cavities are limited to systems with time‐reversal symmetry (TRS) and weak topological protection due to the existence of backscattering channels. Here, the study reports the experimental realization of a chiral topological WGM cavity in a gyromagnetic photonic crystal with broken TRS. Using microwave near‐field measurements, it is directly observed that the chiral topological WGM cavities are inherently nonreciprocal and exhibit superior robustness against various obstacles with strong topological protection owing to the absence of backscattering channels. More interestingly, it is demonstrated that the resonance frequencies and free spectral range (FSR) of the chiral topological WGM cavities can be tailored by adjusting the insertion length of a metallic scatterer. The work extends the research realm of topological photonic WGM cavities and may find important applications in designing arbitrary‐shaped and nonreciprocal topological photonic cavities, filters, lasers, and frequency combs.
Additive Manufacturing of Watertight ABS Parts and Its Use for Chemical Metal Plating
Authors: Zimmermann Philipp , Schammel Christoph , Nagel Jürgen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOne of the most frequently used polymers in the galvanic industry as well as for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is the terpolymer of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Its surface is etched in chromosulfuric acid to enable the chemical deposition of a metal. The use of chromium (Cr)(VI) compounds is restricted in the European Union (EU) since 2017. A new plating process is proposed here that does not rely on etching. Instead, double bonds on the ABS surface are converted to epoxides, followed by grafting of a polyethylenimine (PEI) to the surface. The so modified plastic is an ideal starting point for metal plating. Printing often leads to the formation of voids between strands and layers, which hinders subsequent wet processing. The plating process introduced here requires high demands on the water tightness of parts. The proposed printing procedure reduces the degree of penetration of water from 50% to less than 0.1% at 2 bar water pressure. The combination of the new printing procedure with the new plating process results in the deposition of industrial relevant nickel (Ni) layers. The cross‐hatch test followed by a peel test exhibits values of zero, pointing to the high adhesion of Ni to ABS.
The Heads Up Checkup Digital Mental Health & Behavioral Risk Screening System: Clinical Inter‐Rater Reliability for Identifying Youth in Crisis
Authors: Genero Nancy P. , Lozano Alyssa , Sanchez Mariana , Cano Miguel Angel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study evaluated the inter‐rater reliability of the Heads Up Checkup (HCU), a brief digital mental health and behavioral adaptive screening system designed for use in primary care and diverse school settings. Two independent licensed clinical psychologists reviewed a random sample of 30 (N = 30) HCU clinical screening reports of 13−14 year old adolescents drawn from a larger sample (N = 846) enrolled in a public middle school in California. Results showed strong inter‐rater agreement (Fleiss kappa = 0.93) between clinician ratings and the screener's priority risk index (HPI) in identifying students “in crisis.” In addition, clinicians' ratings of confidence in their priority judgments were found to be significantly higher for the “in crisis” cases. Reasonable evidence of convergent validity emerged due to a strong relationship between clinician ratings of psychological distress and the HPI. Overall findings suggest that as an online universal school‐based screener, the HCU has valid utility for identifying young adolescents “in crisis” which can translate into timely interventions and pragmatic real‐world therapeutic solutions. Future research directions with respect to the refinement of the HCU's measurement characteristics and its feasibility as an online screener at the population‐level in schools are discussed.
Improved Active Vector Optimization Strategy‐based Model Predictive Torque Control for Matrix Converter‐Fed PMSM With Reduced Torque and Flux Ripples
Authors: J. D Anunciya , Arumugam Sivaprakasam 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe Matrix Converter‐fed Finite Control Set‐Model Predictive Torque Control (FCS‐MPTC) technique has superior potentiality in the control of electrical drives due to its availability of increased number of voltage vectors with compact topology. On the other side, the FCS‐MPTC technique suffers a major drawback of high computational complexity and processing time. This major drawback has degraded the attention of the FCS‐MPTC technique in high‐power industrial applications because it needs expensive and high‐rating processors for the functioning of the control algorithm. In this regard, this paper proposes an efficient active vector optimization concept by formulating a switching table for the optimal voltage vector selection. This approach reduces the available 18 active vectors to three, thereby decreasing the execution time of the cost function (CF). In addition, to mitigate the high torque and flux ripple problems associated with the existing FCS‐MPTC method, a modified switching table is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated by conducting various test loadings using the MATLAB Simulink, and the results are further validated in real time using the OPAL‐RT laboratory setup.
Genomic characterization and histologic analysis of uterine leiomyosarcoma arising from leiomyoma with bizarre nuclei
Authors: Felicelli Christopher , Lu Xinyan , Coty‐Fattal Zachary , Feng Yue , Yin Ping , Schipma Matthew John , Kim Julie J , Jennings Lawrence J , Bulun Serdar E , Wei Jian‐Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLeiomyoma with bizarre nuclei (LM‐BN) is a rare variant of leiomyoma with a benign clinical course. In contrast, leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a high‐grade, malignant neoplasm characterized by high recurrence rates and poor survival. While LM‐BN and LMS show distinct morphologies, they share similar immunoprofiles and molecular alterations, with both considered ‘genomically unstable’. Rare cases of LM‐BN associated with LMS have been reported; however, the histogenesis and molecular relationship between these two tumors remains unclear. In this study, we assessed 11 cases of LMS arising in conjunction with LM‐BN confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC), further analyzed by clinical, histologic, and molecular characteristics of these distinct components. LM‐BN and LMS had similar p16 and p53 IHC patterns, but LMS had a higher Ki‐67 index and lower estrogen and progesterone eceptor expression. Digital image analysis based on cytologic features revealed spatial relationships between LMS and LM‐BN. Genomic copy number alterations (CNAs) demonstrated the same clonal origin of LMS arising from existing LM‐BN through conserved CNAs. LMS harbored highly complex CNAs and more frequent losses of the TP53, RB1, and PTEN genomic regions than LM‐BN (p = 0.0031), with CDKN2A/B deletion identified in LMS only. Mutational profiling revealed many shared oncogenic alterations in both LM‐BN and LMS; however, additional mutations were present within LMS, indicative of tumor progression through progressive genomic instability. Analysis of spatial transcriptomes defined uniquely expressed gene signatures that matched the geographic distribution of LM‐BN, LMS, and other cell types. Our findings indicate for the first time that a subset of LMS arises from an existing LM‐BN, and highly complex genomic alterations could be potential high risks associated with disease progression in LM‐BN. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.