bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing the neural mechanism of attentional control and working memory in feature‐based attentive tracking
Authors: Hu Luming , Wang Chundi , Talhelm Thomas , Zhang Xuemin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSurface features are an important component in attentive tracking. However, the neural mechanisms underlying how features affect attentive tracking remain unknown. The present fMRI study addressed this issue by manipulating the intragroup feature complexity and intergroup feature similarity. In particular, this study distinguished the different neural mechanisms of intragroup feature complexity and intergroup feature similarity by investigating the roles of attentional control and working memory in dynamic feature‐based attentive tracking. Behavioral and neuroimaging evidence showed that when targets are distinct from distractors, the intragroup feature complexity of the targets, rather than that of the distractors, mainly increases the visual working memory load and significantly activates the frontoparietal cortical circuit. Thus, the involvement of working memory in feature‐based attentive tracking is modulated by goal‐directed attention control. In addition, when targets are similar to distractors, the intergroup feature similarity (i.e., target‐distractor similarity) mainly affects the allocation of attention. Specifically, target‐distractor similarity affects the goal‐directed attention toward the targets in a stimulus‐driven way and induces an interaction between the ventral and dorsal attention networks.
Mixed carbonate–siliciclastic sedimentation at the margin of a late Miocene tidal strait, lower Colorado River Valley, south‐western USA
Authors: Gardner Kevin , Dorsey Rebecca J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe processes and deposits of tide‐dominated river deltas and estuaries are well‐understood, but the sedimentary dynamics of tide‐dominated straits and seaways are relatively little studied. Although recent depositional models have started to fill this gap, many aspects of tidal strait sedimentation such as interaction with strait‐margin alluvial fans and marginal marine systems remain poorly understood. This paper presents a study of the late Miocene basal carbonate member of the Bouse Formation exposed along the lower Colorado River, where prior studies have suggested a tidal influence on deposition. This study explores the applicability of tidal strait models in a continental oblique‐rift setting, and tests hypotheses for depositional processes and environments through detailed analysis of sedimentary facies, cross‐bedding architecture and palaeocurrent data. Mixed carbonate–siliciclastic facies on the west margin of the southern Blythe Basin record sedimentation in alluvial fans and fan‐fringing tidal flats at the retreating margin of a transgressive tidal strait. Pre‐Bouse normal faults established a narrow, tectonically confined basin architecture that led to amplification of tidal currents. Basin‐margin deposits pass laterally and up‐section into high‐energy cross‐bedded grainstone facies that record southward migration of compound dunes in the dune‐bedded strait zone of a shallow (ca 25 m) tidal strait. These findings provide the basis for recognition of strait‐margin facies in other settings where complex facies associations result from along‐strike variations in palaeobathymetry and current velocity. The results support a tidal origin for the southern Bouse Formation and provide new evidence for post‐Miocene uplift of the lower Colorado River Valley and adjacent areas.
Comparison of improved shear strength of biotreated sand using different ureolytic strains and sterile conditions
Authors: Sharma Meghna , Satyam Neelima , Reddy Krishna R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present study aims to improve shear strength of poorly graded sand using microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) technique. Two soil‐based bacteria, namely Sporosarcina pasteurii (SP) and Bacillus sphaericus (BS), were bioaugmented in sand. The cementation solutions of 0.50 M concentration were prepared using distilled water (DWCS) and tap water (TWCS), maintaining sterile and non‐sterile conditions, respectively. The biotreatment was carried out in direct shear test (DST) moulds using 12‐hr treatment cycles up to 14 days. The biotreated sand samples were subjected to DST to determine shear strength parameters, and results were statistically explored using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The amount of calcite precipitation, XRD and SEM was used to interpret biocementation. The non‐sterile treatment using TWCS showed significant strength. Additional biotreatment samples were prepared in DST and cylindrical PVC moulds using TWCS for 18 days but adopting different treatment cycles of 12, 24, 48 and 72 hr to explore inexpensive treatment option. All of these biotreated samples were tested for hydraulic conductivity, shear strength (based on DST and triaxial consolidated undrained (CU) tests) and three‐layer calcite contents. In CU tests, stress‐strain response of biocemented sands showed initial brittle behaviour followed by strain‐softening, analogous to rock‐like behaviour similar to sandstone. The maximum increase in strength was achieved with 12‐hr treatment cycle. The 24‐hr treatment cycle showed 1.7–1.8 times lesser strength than 12‐hr treatment cycle specimens. However, a significant amount of calcite precipitation and strength in 24‐hr treatment cycle showed its effectiveness in achieving cost reduction for large‐scale field applications.
First record of OSL‐dated fluvial sands in a tropical Andean cave reveals rapid late Quaternary tectonic uplift
Authors: Baby Patrice , Viveen Willem , Sanjurjo‐Sanchez Jorge , Bigot Jean‐Yves , Dosseto Antony , Villegas‐Lanza Juan C. , Apaéstegui James , Guyot Jean‐Loup 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present the first results of OSL‐dated fluvial sands extracted from a riverside cave in the tropical Andes. The excellent agreement between the ages of the various samples allowed the calculation of a late Quaternary valley incision rate forced by ongoing uplift of an active Subandean fault‐propagation fold in NE Peru. A structural cross‐section was constructed to understand the relationship between the geometry of the fault‐propagation fold, historical damaging earthquakes and the cave system. The calculated uplift rate is 2.3 to 2.6 mm a−1 over the past 70 ka and can be directly linked to active propagation of west‐verging basement thrusts. It is similar to uplift rates calculated from fluvial terraces in the Subandes of Colombia and Venezuela. The results will help to better assess the seismic hazard and confirm that OSL dating of fluvial sands in caves is a powerful tool to quantify uplift rates of active mountain fronts.
Enabling accurate measurement of activated factor XI (FXIa) in therapeutic immunoglobulin products
Authors: Wilmot Helen V. , Gray Elaine 
Published: December 2020

Background and objectivesIn 2010, an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) product was removed from the market due to an association with serious thromboembolic events. Investigations revealed that factor XIa (FXIa) was present as a process‐related impurity. This study investigated the ability of two commercial FXIa assays to measure FXIa in immunoglobulin preparations and conducted a survey of FXIa activity in marketed immunoglobulin products.Materials and methodsFactor XIa assays were modified to include spiking of samples with FXIa before testing. An immunoglobulin product and its excipient were used to assess the ability of the assays to recover the spiked FXIa levels.ResultsThe Biophen FXIa assay required a high pre‐dilution of the sample to obtain statistically valid results and complete FXIa recovery. The ROX FXIa assay was more sensitive, giving statistically valid results at a lower sample pre‐dilution and FXIa spike level. This modified ROX FXIa assay was used to assay 17 lots of immunoglobulin products for FXIa. Two product lots had measurable FXIa levels without the need for spiking. A further 3 lots produced detectable but not statistically valid FXIa results when left unspiked. Spiking produced statistically valid assays and recoveries above 100%, demonstrating inherent FXIa.ConclusionThis study shows marketed immunoglobulin products can contain detectable levels of FXIa. Spiking brings the FXIa levels into the quantifiable range of the assay, allowing measurement of inherent FXIa. Accurate measurement is important to inform on ‘safe’ levels of FXIa in these products and allow future safety guidelines to be set.
The family support role in hospital rapid response teams: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Howlett Owen , Gleeson Rebecca , Arntzen Heidi , Truscott Myf , Adams Robin , Howie Caitlin , French Rebecca , Rowe Elizabeth , Maggs Julie-Anne , Kennedy Sheridan , Jackson Lana 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to identify and understand how a family support role has been delivered in rapid response teams in hospital settings.

Introduction:
A family support role in a hospital rapid response team is a designated position that is responsible for supporting the family members of people being medically attended to during a hospital rapid response. Support may include the provision of guidance to the family regarding a hospital procedure, support whilst witnessing the rapid response, or assisting the family to process their emotional response. This review will assist in identifying the ways in which the family support role is delivered in rapid response teams within a hospital environment.

Inclusion criteria:
Family support must be delivered by a person who has a designated family support role within a rapid response team in a hospital setting. Studies will not be limited to geographical location, gender, or culture. Studies are not limited to year of publication or methodological design.

Methods:
Databases will include MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL, and Cochrane. Gray literature will be searched with predetermined search criteria. Two independent authors will be used to screen articles and perform data extraction on a predetermined data extraction form. A narrative Summary of Findings is planned, alongside a presentation of the data in diagrammatic or tabular form.
Hypersensitivity in patients receiving metal implants: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Dordunoo Dzifa , Anaman-Torgbor Judith , Smith Catherine , Shaik Ajijoon , Hass Michelle , Gordon Carol , An Minjeong , Aviles-G Martha L. , Weinzierl Miriam 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to gather the available evidence on metal hypersensitivity to determine the extent of the problem and identify gaps in the evidence about screening practices.

Introduction:
Hypersensitivity to metal was first reported in 1966. Since this time, the use of metal in prosthetic devices has increased with an associated rise in reported hypersensitivity reaction to other metals. Symptoms of metal hypersensitivity can be subtle, and it is unclear whether clinicians are aware of or routinely ask patients about metal hypersensitivity when documenting allergies. This can lead to a delay in diagnosis, which puts patients at risk of poor outcomes. Hence, there is a need to map the available evidence on hypersensitivity reaction in people who receive metallic device implantation.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will consider studies that include patients who undergo procedures involving metal implantation. The concept to be explored is hypersensitivity following a procedure that involves the implementation of a device with metal components. Implementation is defined as permanent integration of a foreign (non-biological) object into the human body to restore function.

Methods:
The proposed scoping review will be conducted in accordance with JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Searches will be generated in multiple databases and updated as needed. Gray literature and organizational websites will also be searched. Titles, abstracts, and full articles will be screened according to the inclusion criteria. Studies published in English from 1960 to the present will be included. Data will be extracted and findings will be presented in tabular form with a narrative summary.
The unexpected place: Brexit referendum and the disruptions to translocal place-making among Finns in the UK
Authors: Riikonen Evi-Carita 
Published: December 2020

As EU citizens and a ‘middling’ migrant group in the UK, Finns have been able to exercise a relatively limitless existence in Britain. However, this freedom became threatened after the Brexit referendum. Through a digital ethnographic approach, this paper shows that the result of the Brexit referendum turned Finns’ translocal place-making in the UK from being practiced by social bodies to being negotiated by political bodies and contributes to literature about translocal place-making as receptive to disruptions. The referendum disrupted Finns’ translocal place-making processes on personal and societal levels, cutting through both active, embodied processes in the UK and virtual, imagined processes in Finland. The referendum imposed newly experienced otherness and conditionality to the ability to participate in the British society. It did, however, also create translocal attachments towards both the UK and Finland. Through its disruptive nature, the event of the Brexit vote embedded itself in the future place-making orientations and narratives of the Finns in the UK, potentially having an impact on their future translocal trajectories and imaginaries.
Local Truncation Error-Informed Code Verification
Authors: Krueger Aaron M. , Mousseau Vincent A. , Hassan Yassin A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The method of manufactured solutions (MMS) has become increasingly popular in conducting code verification studies on predictive codes, such as nuclear power system codes and computational fluid dynamic codes. The reason for the popularity of this approach is that it can be used when an analytical solution is not available. Using MMS, code developers are able to verify that their code is free of coding errors that impact the observed order of accuracy. While MMS is still an excellent tool for code verification, it does not identify coding errors that are of the same order as the numerical method. This paper presents a method that combines MMS with modified equation analysis (MEA), which calculates the local truncation error (LTE) to identify coding error up to and including the order of the numerical method. This method is referred to as modified equation analysis methd of manufactured solutions (MEAMMS). MEAMMS is then applied to a custom-built code, which solves the shallow water equations, to test the performance of the code verification method. MEAMMS is able to detect all coding errors that impact the implementation of the numerical scheme. To show how MEAMMS is different than MMS, they are both applied to the same first-order numerical method test problem with a first-order coding error. When there are first-order coding errors, only MEAMMS is able to identify them. This shows that MEAMMS is able to identify a larger set of coding errors while still being able to identify the coding errors MMS is able to identify.
Thermophysical Properties Experimentally Tested for NaCl-KCl-MgCl2 Eutectic Molten Salt as a Next-Generation High-Temperature Heat Transfer Fluids in Concentrated Solar Power Systems
Authors: Wang Xiaoxin , Rincon Jesus Del , Li Peiwen , Zhao Youyang , Vidal Judith 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A new eutectic chloride molten salt, MgCl2-KCl-NaCl (wt% 45.98–38.91–15.11), has been recognized as one of the most promising high-temperature heat transfer fluids (HTF) for both heat transfer and thermal storage for the third-generation concentrated solar power (CSP) systems. For the first time, some essential thermophysical properties of this eutectic chloride molten salt needed for basic heat transfer and energy storage analysis in the application of concentrating solar power systems have been experimentally tested and provided as functions of temperature in the range from 450 °C to 700 °C. The studied properties include heat capacity, melting point, heat of fusion, viscosity, vapor pressure, density, and thermal conductivity. The property equations provide essential database for engineers to use to calculate convective heat transfer in concentrated solar receivers, heat exchangers, and thermal storage for concentrated solar power plants.
A Novel Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis Procedure With Application to Internal–External Straight Bevel Gear Mesh in a Pericyclic Drive
Authors: Mathur Tanmay D. , Smith Edward C. , Bill Robert C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A comprehensive numerical loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) model is proposed for straight bevel gears that exhibit large number of teeth in contact, well beyond the involute line of action limits. This kind of contact is observed when the meshing gears have conformal surfaces, as in a pericyclic mechanical transmission, and is traditionally analyzed using finite element simulations. The pericyclic drive is kinematically similar to an epicyclic bevel gear train and is characterized by load sharing over large number of teeth in an internal–external bevel gear mesh, large shaft angles (175–178 deg), nutational gear motion, and high reduction ratio. The contact region spreads over a large area on the gear tooth flank due to high contacting surface conformity. Thus, a thick plate finite strip method (FSM) was utilized to accurately calculate the gear tooth bending deflection. Based on the tooth deformation calculation model and accounting for initial surface separation, a variational framework is developed to simultaneously solve for load distribution and gear tooth deformation. This is followed by calculation of contact stress, bending stress, mesh stiffness, and transmission error. The results demonstrate the high-power density capabilities of the pericyclic drive and potential for gear noise reduction. The model developed herein is applied with real gear tooth surfaces, as well.
Phenomenological Analysis of the Combustion of Gaseous Fuels to Measure the Energy Quality and the Capacity to Produce Work in Spark Ignition Engines
Authors: Gómez Montoya Juan Pablo , Amell Arrieta Andrés 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Combustion at the knocking threshold (KT) was tested using fuels with different methane numbers (MN) in a modified spark ignition (SI) engine, with high compression ratio (CR) with high turbulence intensity to the combustion process; also, fuels were tested in a cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine to measure MN and critical compression ratio (CCR); in both engines, tests were performed just into the KT. It is proposed that MN to gaseous fuels will be considered similarly to octane number (ON) to liquid fuels, to indicate the energy quality and the capacity to produce work. According to the tests, biogas has better combustion properties than the others fuels; biogas is the fuel with the highest knocking resistance; biogas is the cleanest fuel with the best energy quality measured with the energy density (ED) and adiabatic flame temperature (Tad); biogas has the highest capacity to produce work in SI engines, because of its high MN, low ED, low laminar flame speed (SL), and low Tad. Fuel combustion phenomenological characteristics were compared using CCR versus: output power, generating efficiency, ED, SL, and Tad. It is suggested that the strategies to suppress knocking are the key to improve the performance of SI engines; the knocking phenomenon is the engine limit to electrical energy generation in SI engines; two equations are proposed to define quantum generating efficiency and maximum electrical energy generated; knocking was defined as a quantum phenomenon using the entropy concepts as filter of the second law of thermodynamics.
Forced Convective Boiling in a Vertical Annular Test Section With Seawater Coolant
Authors: Ahmed Zayed , Eckels Seth , Eckels Steven J. , Bindra Hitesh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In case of some nuclear reactors, seawater is used as an emergency resource to remove the decay heat from the reactor core. This study aims to improve the understanding of boiling heat transfer with seawater coolants. Under the boiling conditions with seawater, the mass transfer of the dissolved impurities to the heated surface is expected to significantly impact the heat transfer characteristics. The focus of this experimental work is to measure the differences of the heat transfer performance between seawater and tapwater with electrically heated cylindrical section in a vertical annulus. High speed visualization is performed to quantify and characterize the bubble dynamics parameters. The experimental results indicate an enhanced heat transfer coefficient with seawater in the initial transient under saturated boiling followed by an asymptotic reduction to values similar to tapwater. Under subcooled boiling, a consistent reduced heat transfer coefficient was observed in seawater for a range of heat fluxes. The high speed visualization of subcooled boiling showed fewer and smaller bubbles nucleating off the heat transfer surface in seawater indicating a lower evaporative flux as compared to tapwater.
Antibiotic Production by Anaerobic Bacteria
Authors: Sturgen Nancy O. , Casida L. E. 
Published: December 2020

Soils from aerobic and anaerobic sources were investigated for the possible presence of bacteria which produce antibiotics under anaerobic conditions of growth. The screening techniques devised for this study yielded 157 soil bacteria which, during anaerobic growth, produced antibiotic activity against aerobic test bacteria.
Studies on choice of media, presence of oxygen, and changes in antibiotic activity during growth indicated that representative strains of these bacteria produced mixtures of antibiotics. The activity was heat labile.
Continuous Thermophilic Composting
Authors: Schulze K. L. 
Published: December 2020

Under complete mixing conditions, aerobic decomposition of mixed organic waste materials has been maintained continuously in the thermophilic phase in a 55-gal rotating drum. Temperatures ranged between 53 and 70 C. Raw material was added daily or every second day in amounts up to 18 lb per 100 lb of decomposing material. The weight of material removed ranged between 42 and 60% of the raw material added.
Factors influencing the operation of the composting unit were studied in detail.
Studies on the Biosynthesis of Streptomycin
Authors: Majumdar S. K. , Kutzner H. J. 
Published: December 2020

Myo-inositol, especially in combination with arginine, enhances streptomycin production. Compounds which show structural relationship with myo-inositol are ineffective.

Myo-inositol decreases the incorporation of C
14
-glucose into streptomycin, particularly into streptidine. This effect suggests that myo-inositol is a precursor of the streptidine ring.

Methionine stimulates antibiotic production in a synthetic medium but proves to be unfavorable in a complex medium.
The γ- and δ-isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane inhibit streptomycin formation.
The formation of streptomycin by washed mycelium was studied. Essentially the same results were here obtained as with growing cultures.
Analysis of Different Cell Systems for the Production of Attenuated Poliomyelitis Virus Vaccine
Authors: Balducci M. , Santoro R. , Mancini G. , Balducci D. 
Published: December 2020

The optimal cellular system to produce attenuated virus vaccine should have the following characteristics: ease and reproducibility of preparation, ability to produce virus at high titer, absence of latent viruses, and diploid chromosome complement.
At the present, primary monkey kidney is still the cellular system of choice but other systems appear to be promising.