bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paracetamol Induced Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis- A Rare Case Report
Authors: K. Anusha  , Neelam. I  
Published: October 2020

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare cutaneous adverse drug reaction characterized by rapid occurrence of dozens to thousands pinhead-sized, non-follicular, sterile pustular eruptions. AGEP is infrequent with an incidence of one to five millions per year. There are only two previous reports of paracetamol induced AGEP in literature. The clinical course of AGEP is characterised by spontaneous resolution on drug withdrawal. Resolution is marked by a characteristic desquamation. Diagnosis of AGEP depends on morphology of skin lesions, presence of fever, laboratory and histopathological findings. Factors that favours the diagnosis of AGEP include onset of pustules within few hours or in few days after the causative agent is administered. The most frequent causative drugs are Aminopenicillins, ampicillin, amoxixillin, sulphonamides, pristinamycin, quinolones, hydroxychloroquine, terbinafin diltiazem. In some cases it is induced by bacterial, viral or parasitic infections. In our case, a 50 year male patient developed multiple pus filled lesions, burning sensations all over the body caused by administering paracetamol drug where, the lesions desiccated immediately after cessation of offending drug in two daysleaving exfoliations .Upon diagnosis the white blood cell count was increased indicating lymphocytosis. He was administered with antihistamines, emollients and corticosteroids during his course of stay in hospital. Pustular rashes were reduced and patient recovered with treatment. Paracetamol is one of the most widely used safer drug worldwide, herein draws special attention that no drug is completely safe hence proper medication history interview would be recommended to overcome the drugs causing adverse drug reactions, that can be possibly dangerous and life threatening.
Marker Based Standardization of Herbal Sunscreen Formulation by Using Validated High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Method
Authors: Sutar Manisha P  , Chaudhari Sanjay R  
Published: October 2020

Plant based products are worldwide used and trusted for the care and cure of the health. Herbal sunscreen formulations are gaining popularity for their effectiveness and are devoid of side effects. The present investigation is an effort made to develop herbal sunscreen cream containing methanolic extracts of different plants and its standardization for the presence of bioactive compounds. The leaves of Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf), fruit peel of Punica granatum (Linn), flowers of Butea monosperma (Lam.) and leaves of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) were selected for the preparation of sunscreen cream. The standardization of herbal formulations is very important to determine its quality based on the concentration of their active phytoconstituents. The herbal cream F-5 (2 % w/w) imparted its sun-protective and antioxidant property. It shows free radicals scavenging activity due the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. High performance thin layer chromatography method is used to determine the quality and quantity of the sun protective phytoconstituents present in the product. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines for the estimation butrin (BT), isobutrin (IBT), quercetin (QC), apigenin (API), chlorogenic acid (CA) and gallic acid (GA) using the optimized solvent systems. The estimation of bioactive markers was carried out on silica gel precoated thin layer chromatography plates with 60F254 as the stationary phase and Camag TC scanner III for densitometric scanning. The average Rf values for the markers were found to be 0.46 for BT, 0.57 for IBT, 0.50 for QC, 0.57 for API, 0.66 for CA and 0.42 for GA. The developed HPTLC method was linear with correlation coefficient 0.999 for BT, 0.998 for IBT, QC, API and 0.9966 for CA and 0.9989 for GA. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were recorded. The developed analytical method for quantitative determination of phytoconstituents was found efficient, simple, accurate, and validated.
Nephroprotective Effect of Green Synthesised Gold Nanoparticles Using Bark Extract of Terminalia arjuna on Acetaminophen Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Albino Rat
Authors: Mousumi Mitra  , Amit Bandyopadhyay  , Gouriprasad Datta  , Dilip K Nandi  
Published: October 2020

Green synthesised gold nanoparticles offer a great promise in biomedicine. An overdose of acetaminophen causes severe hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The development of nephroprotective drugs through eco-friendly production routes is a major challenge for current pharmacology. This study was undertaken to examine the therapeutic effects of green synthesised gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna, on acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats and also to select the most effective dose of AuNPs to protect from nephrotoxicity . Terminalia arjuna , is a herbal plant of high interest in Asian traditional medicine. The bark of this tree has been widely used in the preparation of ayurvedic formulations such as powerful cardiotonic, antioxidative, antiuremic and antimicrobial properties. In this study 36 experimental albino rats were taken and randomly divided into 6 groups. Group 1 served as normal control, Group 2 received acetaminophen intraperitoneally at concentration of 500mg /kg of body weight for 14 days and Groups 3,4,5,6 were co-administered with acetaminophen (500mg/kg/day) along with AuNPs at doses 55, 175, 550, 2000 µg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 14 days. After 14 days all animals were sacrificed for biochemical and histopathological studies. Among different experimental doses of AuNPs (55,175,550, 2000µg/kg/day), 175µg/kg/day showed more potent activity towards biochemical indices and histopathological studies. There was significant (p<0.05) increase in Urea, Creatinine, CRP and MDA levels but significant decrease in SOD, CAT and GSH activity in acetaminophen treated group, in comparison to control group but co-administration with AuNPs (175µg/kg/day) restored the activities of these biochemical markers and also of the antioxidant enzymes. Hence,this study confirmed that AuNPs at dose 175µg/kg/day have better nephroprotective efficacy.
Exploration Of Effective Anti-Urolithiatic Property Of Carissa Carandas L. Leaves Against Ethylene Glycol Induced Kidney Stones In Male Rats
Authors: Madathala Sreekanth  , Veerasamy Hari Baskar  , Nunna Bheema Lingeswara Prasad  
Published: October 2020

Urolithiasis is a common disease that has been recognized and documented in medical literature even by the Greek and Roman physicians. Carissa carandas Linn., is ensconce all over India mostly in the semi-arid territory. Karonda trees are extensively cultured in the domicile gardens, farmer’s fields, and orchards as hedge-row plants. The aim of the research was to evaluate the antiurolithiatic property of Carissa carandas Linn. leaf extract in rats. Urolithiasis in male Wistar albino rats was experimentally induced by administration of 0.75% (v/v) ethylene glycol in drinking water ad libitum for 28 days. Also the animals were treated with three doses of EELCC (ethanolic extract of leaves of Carissa Carandas Linn.) i.e., 100, 200, 400 mg/kg and Cystone 750 mg/kg b.w., p.o., respectively once daily from 15th to 28th day. On the 29th day, the body-weight difference was measured and animals was housed in individual metabolic cages, urine (pooled) collected for 24 h. Blood was collected on the same day and centrifuged. Parameters like urinary volume and pH, urinary analysis (Calcium, Oxalate, Creatinine, Uric acid, Blood urea nitrogen, and Urea) and serum analysis (Calcium, Oxalate, Creatinine, Uric acid, Blood urea nitrogen, and Urea) were performed to access the antiurolithiatic activity. The urine was subjected to microscopical study to observe the CaOx crystals. Thereafter the animals were sacrificed, kidneys excised followed by weighing the difference and estimation of homogenate parameters (Calcium, Oxalate, MDA, GSH, Catalase and SOD). Histopathological study of the kidneys were done by light microscopy, whereas the EELCC treated rats (400 mg/kg) showed no presence of CaOx crystal deposits and apparently retained normal morphology, tubular epithelial cells and glomeruli as in normal control group when compared with Cystone (750 mg/kg). Urolithiasis caused significant (P< 0.01) changes in all parameters in lithiatic control group rats as compared to normal control group rats., treatment with EELCC at three doses i.e. 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg and Cystone 750 mg/kg showed comparatively a significant (P< 0.01) restoration of all altered parameters. Based on results it can be concluded that the EELCC at dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited significant (P< 0.01) anti-urolithiatic activity on experimentally induced urolithiasis.
Effect of Opuntia elatior on Alteration in Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase activity induced by Gamma Radiation in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Kavita Poonia  , Jaimala Sharma  
Published: October 2020

When mice are exposed to gamma radiation, all the body systems are affected adversely. Liver enzymes which are responsible for removal of toxicity created by irradiation increases in the body. Several herbs are known to reduce this toxicity. Opuntia elatior (OE) ,a cactus, was tested in this study for its activity to remove toxins induced by whole body exposure to Co60 gamma rays (6Gy).A moderate dose of OE (10 mg/kg body weight) was given orally to mice, before whole body irradiation and GOT activity was studied in their kidney at 1,3,5,10,15 and 30 post treatment days . Whole body gamma ray exposure increases GOT activity in the kidneys also. In OE pretreated animals this increase was significantly lesser and early recovery was observed. Two types of extracts were used in this study (ethanolic and acetonic). Both were able to reduce gamma radiation induced increase significantly and almost equally. As OE cladode extracts are quite cheap and produce no side effects(OE cladodes are used as food), it may be used to prevent unwanted toxic effects of gamma radiation exposure.
Discípulos de Paulo Freire e o compromisso com a educação emancipadora
Authors: Militão Andréia Nunes 
Published: October 2020

No limiar de completar 100 anos do nascimento de Paulo Freire, a Retratos da Escola apresenta a seus leitores e leitoras reflexões sobre este autor, reconhecido mundialmente por suas inestimáveis contribuições ao desenvolvimento de práticas educacionais voltadas a uma sociedade mais justa e igualitária.Embora aclamado como Patrono da Educação Brasileira, por meio da Lei n.º 12.612 de 2012 no Governo Dilma Rousseff, o educador conviveu com perseguições durante a vida e mesmo após a morte continua a sofrer duras críticas. A resistência a Paulo Freire já vem de longa data, desde o fim da década de 1950 e início de 1960, quando o educador, ao conceber a educação popular, concretiza iniciativas de conscientização política do povo, particularmente das classes sociais excluídas e oprimidas. Suas ideias foram já então entendidas como subversivas pelo regime militar. Atualmente, as manifestações contra ele revelam que os setores conservadores continuam tão reacionários quanto na época da ditadura, sobretudo no campo educacional.Tendo isso em vista, para a seção Entrevista deste número, convidamos Cristiano Amaral Garboggini di Giorgi, Dagmar Maria Leopoldi Zibas e Rudá Guedes Moises Salerno Ricci, três ex-alunos/as de Paulo Freire, do período em que o educador ministrou aulas no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP), no início da década de 1980, para reflexionarem acerca das seguintes questões: Por que Paulo Freire ainda incomoda a muitos/as? O que revelam os discursos, pretéritos e atuais, contra este pensador? Qual é a importância de Paulo Freire para a educação e para a mudança civilizacional que se faz necessária em decorrência do acúmulo de crises que vivemos atualmente?
Kesertaan Warga Senior Jakarta pada Sistem Transportasi Era Industri 4.0
Authors: Putri Mukhlisya Dewi Ratna , Kinasih Reni Karno , Nabila Nabila Nabila 
Published: October 2020

AbstractJakarta, the capital of Indonesia, undertook a major change of the transportation system, digitization of the transportation system was initiated by implementing a cashless payment system on the Commuter line in Jabodetabek, followed by implementing BRT with Busway mode, then MRT and LRT all of them are also cashless. All-digitization and application-based transportation systems force people to change. This is a trouble for senior citizens and is alleged to be one of the factors that causes them to be reluctant to switch to public transportation.This study analyzes the hypothesis that the reluctance of people of late adulthood to late elderly to use public transportation is due to the difficulty in understanding the digitalization system that is applied and because of the low level of respondents' trust in digital systems in public transportation. The study was conducted by distributing closed questionnaires to respondents who are Jabodetabek (Jakarta-Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi) residents aged 45 years to 65 years who still have a fairly high activity, data tabulated then performed regression analysis. Key words: transportation system 4.0 era, transportation digitization, elderly transportation ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­AbstrakDaerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta, ibu kota Indonesia, melakukan perombakan besar pada sistem transportasi, digitalisasi pada sistem transportasi diawali dengan menerapkan sistem pembayaran tanpa uang tunai (cashless) pada Commuter line di Jabodetabek, disusul dengan mengimplementasi BRT dengan moda Busway, kemudian MRT dan LRT yang semuanya juga cashless. Sistem transportasi yang serba didigitalisasi serta berorientasi pada aplikasi memaksa masyarakat untuk berubah. Hal ini merepotkan bagi warga senior dan disinyalir menjadi salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan mereka enggan untuk beralih ke transportasi publik.Penelitian ini menganalisa menguji hipotesa bahwa keengganan masyarakat usia dewasa akhir hingga lansia akhir untuk menggunakan transportasi umum adalah karena kesulitan memahami sistem digitalisasi yang diterapkan dan karena rendahnya tingkat kepercayaan responden terhadap sistem digital pada transportasi umum. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner tertutup kepada responden yang merupakan warga jabodetabek berusia 45 tahun hingga 65 tahun yang masih mempunyai aktivitas yang cukup tinggi data ditabulasi kemudian dilakukan analisa statistik dengan SPSS.Kata kunci: sistem transportasi era 4.0, sistem transportasi, digitalisasi transportasi.
Induction in Estonia: Over Fifteen Years of Experience – Successes and Struggles
Authors: Eisenschmidt Eve , Poom-Valickis Katrin 
Published: October 2020

This article gives a brief historical perspective of how the induction programme for newly qualified teachers was launched in Estonia. The induction programme was the result of a combined effort from universities, schools and policymakers. A pilot study was carried out in the academic year 2002/2003. The following year, a group of educators and researchers from Tallinn and Tartu Universities analysed the results, improved the implementation model, and in 2004 launched the programme with the support of the Ministry of Education and Research throughout Estonia.
In this paper, we introduce the theoretical framework, the roles of different parties to the induction programme, and analyse the implementation process in order to find answers to the following questions: Firstly, what are the developments and challenges in the Estonian induction programme? Secondly, what are the perspectives for the induction programme in the future? The methodological approach reviewed policy documents, research articles and doctoral dissertations on induction from 2004–2019. The analysis showed that close cooperation between parties was required to achieve a successful launch, but it seems that the main responsibility for implementation was left to the universities, who were seen as a party highly interested in the continuity of teacher education. Moreover, the execution and quality of mentoring varies among the schools, which can be a problem for new teachers.
Based on research evidence and the current situation in teacher education, we will endeavour to give a forward-looking view on how to support beginning teachers in Estonia.
Urban Space, Singularity and Networks in Laura Del-Rivo’s The Furnished Room (1961)
Authors: Tredell Nicolas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This essay explores the representation of interior and exterior urban space in Laura Del-Rivo’s novel The Furnished Room (1961) through the lenses of singularity and networking, which are proposed as preferable alternatives to notions such as individuality and community, especially in the analysis of city life and literature. The essay examines portrayals of four kinds of urban space in the novel – the furnished room, the office, the café and the street – which seem to offer escapes from the perceived constrictions of the family home, the suburb and the Church. It analyses the novel’s sensory evocations of such urban spaces, especially through smell and sight. The essay also considers how the narrative conveys the enticements of the abstract and impersonal network of money. It relates these elements to its young male protagonist, an existentialist (anti-)hero who suffers from a recurrent sense of unreality and who seeks a more sustained version of the greater intensity glimpsed in epiphanies, privileged moments in which the world seems temporarily transfigured into a visionary space. The essay suggests that the novel respects but questions his quest by dramatizing his wrong choices and by ending with a view of urban space given over to women and children.
A New Approach to Modelling and Testing the Fatigue Strength of Helicopter Rotor Blades during Repair Process
Authors: Sałaciński Michał , Kowalski Rafał , Szmidt Michał , Augustyn Sławomir 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The fatigue test was carried out on an element of a rotor blade removed from the Mi-2 helicopter. The purpose of the test was to check the fatigue strength of the repaired rotor blade. Metal composite rotor blades have a metal spar in the form of a box and the trailing sections in the form of metallic honeycomb sandwich panels. The trailing sections are bonded to the spar. The repair had been carried out at the point where the trailing section became debonded from the spar at the Air Force Institute of Technology in Warsaw using a methodology developed for carrying out repairs of rotor blades’ damage. All types of the Mi family helicopters are equipped with metal composite rotors blades. Depending on MTOW (Maximum Take-Off Weight) and destination of helicopters, blades differ in dimensions, but their design solutions are practically the same. For this reason, the developed repair methodology can be used for all characteristic rotor blades structures for Mi helicopters. The fatigue test was performed at the Łukasiewicz - Institute of Aviation in Warsaw, using a hydraulically driven fatigue machine. The fatigue test was carried out by performing over 1.1 million load cycles. In repair places, upon completion of fatigue testing, no damage was found.
On the People’s Bank of China’s Financial Strength and Policy Outcomes
Authors: Sun Lixin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper measures the financial strength of the People’s Bank of China from the perspective of balance sheets, and then examine empirically whether its financial strength influences its policy commitments given its financial conditions. The econometric results suggest that, first, the financial strength of the People’s Bank of China does affect its policy performance, although the effects are weak and overall results lack robustness with respect to the econometric technique and the choice of alternative measures of financial strength. Second, alternative financial strength indicator plays different role in helping the People’s Bank of China achieve its alternative policy objectives. Therefore, maintaining benign financial conditions and a resilient balance sheet are necessary pre-conditions for the People’s Bank of China to achieve desirable policy outcomes. Third, the People’s Bank of China’s current standalone finance is healthy under our stressing tests, despite certain concerns attained.
Optimasi Fuzzy C-Means dan K-Means Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika untuk Pengklasteran Dataset Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Al Rivan Muhammad Ezar , Steven Steven , Tanzil William 
Published: October 2020

<p class="Abstrak"><em>Diabetic Retinopathy</em> adalah komplikasi dari diabetes yang mengakibatkan gangguan pada retina mata. Gangguan tersebut dapat diketahui dengan deteksi awal melalui data yang diekstraksi dari citra mata. Deteksi awal dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode <em>clustering</em>. Metode yang digunakan yaitu <em>Fuzzy C-Means</em> dan <em>K-Means</em>. <em>Fuzzy C-Means</em> dan <em>K-Means</em> memiliki kelemahan dari jumlah iterasi yang besar. Jumlah iterasi pada <em>Fuzzy C-Means</em> dan <em>K-Means</em> dapat dioptimasi dengan menggunakan Algoritma Genetika. Optimasi dilakukan dengan cara mengganti bagian pada <em>Fuzzy C-Means</em> dan <em>K-Means</em> pada saat menentukan pusat <em>cluster</em>. Dataset yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah dataset <em>Diabetic Retinopathy</em>. Hasil optimasi sebelum dan sesudah hybrid Algoritma Genetika pada <em>Fuzzy C-Means</em> terlihat pada nilai rata-rata iterasi dari 17,1 menjadi 6,65 terjadi penurunan sebesar 61,11% dan pada <em>K-Means</em> terlihat pada nilai rata-rata iterasi dari 10,85 menjadi 7,35 terjadi penurunan sebesar 32,25%. Berdasarkan hasil perbandingan nilai rata-rata iterasi Algoritma Genetika–<em>Fuzzy C-Means</em> dan Algoritma Genetika-K-Means maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Algoritma Genetika-<em>Fuzzy C-Means</em> memiliki jumlah iterasi yang lebih baik dibanding Algoritma Genetika-<em>K-Means</em>. Algoritma Genetika-<em>Fuzzy C-Means</em> juga memiliki <em>inter cluster distance </em>yang paling kecil dan <em>intra cluster distance </em>yang paling besar.</p><p class="Abstrak"> </p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract"><em>Diabetic Retinopathy is diabetic complication that cause retina disorder. Retina disorder can be known from data extracted from eye image. Early detection conduct using clustering. These methods are Fuzzy C-Means and K-Means. These methods have large number of iteration as weakness. Number of iteration can be optimized using genetic algorithm. Optimization conducted by replace a part from Fuzzy C-Means dan K-Means that use to generate early centroid. The dataset used in the study is a dataset of diabetic retinopathy. The optimization results before and after hybrid GeneticAlgorithm on Fuzzy C-Means are the average iteration values decreased from 17.1 to 6.65, decreasing 61,11% and in K-Means are the average iteration values decreased from 10.85 to 7.35 decreasing 32,25%. Based on the comparison of Genetic Algorithm Fuzzy C-Means and Genetic Algorithm K-Means iterations, it can be concluded that Genetic Algorithm Fuzzy C-Means has a better number of iteration than Genetic Algorithm K-Means. Genetic Algorithm-Fuzzy-C-Means has smallest inter cluster distance and biggest intra cluster distance.</em></p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>