bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombolysis and bridging therapy in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and Covid‐19
Authors: Cappellari M. , Zini A. , Sangalli D. , Cavallini A. , Reggiani M. , Sepe F. N. , Rifino N. , Giussani G. , Guidetti D. , Zedde M. , Marcheselli S. , Longoni M. , Beretta S. , Sidoti V. , Papurello D. M. , Giossi A. , Nencini P. , Plocco M. , Balestrino M. , Rota E. , Toni D. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeComorbidity of acute ischaemic stroke with Covid‐19 is a challenging condition, potentially influencing the decision of whether to administer intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). We aimed to assess the 1‐month outcome in ischaemic stroke patients with Covid‐19 infection who received IVT alone or before thrombectomy (bridging therapy).MethodsAs a collaboration initiative promoted by the Italian Stroke Organization, all Italian stroke units (n = 190) were contacted and invited to participate in data collection on stroke patients with Covid‐19 who received IVT.ResultsSeventy‐five invited centers agreed to participate. Thirty patients received IVT alone and 17 received bridging therapy between 21 February 2020 and 30 April 2020 in 20 centers (n = 18, Northern Italy; n = 2, Central Italy). At 1 month, 14 (30.4%) patients died and 20 (62.5%) survivors had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 3 to 5. At 24 to 36 hours, asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was reported in eight (17.4%) patients and symptomatic ICH (sICH) in two (4.3%) patients. Causes of death were severe ischaemic stroke (n = 8), a new ischaemic stroke (n = 2), acute respiratory failure (n = 1), acute renal failure (n = 1), acute myocardial infarction (n = 1), and endocarditis (n = 1). In survivors with a 1‐month mRS score of 3 to 5, baseline glucose level was higher, whereas endovascular procedure time in cases of bridging therapy was longer. Baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale glucose and creatinine levels were higher in patients who died.ConclusionsIntravenous thrombolysis for patients with stroke and Covid‐19 was not a rare event in the most affected areas by pandemic, and rates of 1‐month unfavorable outcomes were high compared to previous data from the pre–Covid‐19 literature. However, risk of sICH was not increased.
Local adaptation to precipitation in the perennial grass Elymus elymoides: Trade‐offs between growth and drought resistance traits
Authors: Blumenthal Dana M. , LeCain Daniel R. , Porensky Lauren M. , Leger Elizabeth A. , Gaffney Rowan , Ocheltree Troy W. , Pilmanis Adrienne M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding local adaptation to climate is critical for managing ecosystems in the face of climate change. While there have been many provenance studies in trees, less is known about local adaptation in herbaceous species, including the perennial grasses that dominate arid and semiarid rangeland ecosystems. We used a common garden study to quantify variation in growth and drought resistance traits in 99 populations of Elymus elymoides from a broad geographic and climatic range in the western United States. Ecotypes from drier sites produced less biomass and smaller seeds, and had traits associated with greater drought resistance: small leaves with low osmotic potential and high integrated water use efficiency (δ13C). Seasonality also influenced plant traits. Plants from regions with relatively warm, wet summers had large seeds, large leaves, and low δ13C. Irrespective of climate, we also observed trade‐offs between biomass production and drought resistance traits. Together, these results suggest that much of the phenotypic variation among E. elymoides ecotypes represents local adaptation to differences in the amount and timing of water availability. In addition, ecotypes that grow rapidly may be less able to persist under dry conditions. Land managers may be able to use this variation to improve restoration success by seeding ecotypes with multiple drought resistance traits in areas with lower precipitation. The future success of this common rangeland species will likely depend on the use of tools such as seed transfer zones to match local variation in growth and drought resistance to predicted climatic conditions.
Evaluation of cervical radiographs in Dutch Warmblood horses, using a novel radiographic grading system for the cervical articular process joints
Authors: Crijns C. P. , Broeckx B. J. G. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryClinical and radiographic examination of the cervical spine has been of increasing interest in the prepurchase examination and clinical work‐up conducted for horses. The objective of this study was to describe a grading system useful for evaluating all the cervical articular process joints (cAPJs). Additionally, the findings of the cervical radiographs (occiput, cAPJ and intercentral joint space grading, intra‐ and intervertebral sagittal ratios, and intervertebral disc width measurements) were reported, and their association with clinical complaints in a large group of Dutch Warmblood horses (n = 598) were investigated. Significant associations were found between cAPJ radiographic grades and clinical complaints using the chi‐squared test (C2‐3 [P = 0.01], C5‐6 [P = 0.006], C6‐7 [P < 0.001], and C7‐T1 [P = 0.02]). Higher occiput grades were significantly associated with clinical complaints (chi‐squared test, P = 0.005). A large variability was found for intra‐ and intervertebral ratios and minimum intercentral joint space in the control group, but no significant association between intercentral joint space and clinical complaints was observed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc testing with the Wilcoxon rank sum test with a Bonferroni correction. The main limitations of this study were that only information regarding localisation was used for the statistical analyses, without any other details of the clinical complaints. Furthermore, clinical records were retrospectively reviewed, and a bias towards cervical findings in the clinical data recordings should be considered. It was concluded that knowledge of the distribution of the radiographic findings evaluated in this study and their associated clinical relevance can be useful in reaching a science‐based diagnosis in daily practice.
Net‐spinning caddisfly distribution in large regulated rivers
Authors: Metcalfe Anya N. , Muehlbauer Jeffrey D. , Kennedy Theodore A. , Yackulic Charles B. , Dibble Kimberly L. , Marks Jane C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Most of the world's large rivers are dammed for the purposes of water storage, flood control, and power production. Damming rivers fundamentally alters water temperature and flows in tailwater ecosystems, which in turn affects the presence and abundance of downstream biota.

We collaborated with more than 200 citizen scientists to collect 2,194 light trap samples across 2 years and more than 2,000 river km. Samples contained 16,222 net‐spinning caddisfly (Hydropsyche) individuals across six species. We used these data to model the distribution of Hydropsyche throughout the Colorado River Basin in the western U.S.A. to identify the roles of water temperature, flows, and species‐specific morphology in determining aquatic species distributions throughout a large arid watershed that has been heavily altered by damming.

We predicted that water temperatures would determine Hydropsyche presence and abundance to a greater extent than diel variation in river stage associated with hydropower production. Among many species, adult female Hydropsychids are morphologically adapted to swim to deep‐water oviposition sites. We predicted that the presence of this ability would negate the otherwise deleterious effects of high stage change on caddisfly egg mortality.

We found that distributions of the two most widespread species, Hydropsyche occidentalis and Hydropsyche oslari (92% of total Hydropsyche captured), were both predicted by water temperatures. However, we also found that the abundance of H. oslari decreased by as much as 10‐fold as diel stage change increased, despite the presence of female morphological adaptations for deep‐water oviposition. We found sexual dimorphism and evidence for deep‐water swimming adaptations in 5/6 species.

Our results show that net‐spinning caddisflies have species‐specific responses to environmental variation and suggest that environmental flows designed to reduce diel stage change and destabilise water temperatures may improve habitat quality for these ubiquitous and important aquatic insects.
Towards geographies of child protection
Authors: Disney Tom , Lloyd Jenny 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe emergence of current and historic cases of child abuse across the globe has, in recent years, dominated the news, political agendas and popular discourse surrounding children. From serious case reviews to exploitation in post‐conflict zones, from sexual abuse of children by groups to trafficking of drugs across countries, the importance of protecting children is an increasing concern in many countries. Key to, and inherent in, all of these processes and phenomena are child protection systems, working in varying degrees of effectiveness. While geographic interest has touched upon many of these areas, the role of child protection systems, and the practitioners that work within these, do not explicitly feature within this work. In this article, we seek to develop an introduction to geographies of child protection, producing an initial critical review which points to future research avenues in this field. We adopt a Foucauldian approach and review four themes to illustrate the ways in which geographical approaches might yield important insights. Drawing primarily on England as a context, we consider the historical geographies and origins of child protection, relational practices in contemporary child protection, the impact of austerity and finally we consider what future directions might require a geographical approach.
The risk of rediscovery: fast population decline of the localized endemic Chilean stag beetle Sclerostomulus nitidus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) suggests trade as a threat
Authors: Crespin Silvio J. , Barahona‐Segovia Rodrigo M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Rediscovery should be a celebratory event, but caution must be taken when making it public. Collectible species previously thought to be extinct are generally rare, which continuously increases the commercial value every time an individual is collected until extinction.
This is the case with the recently rediscovered saproxylic beetle Sclerostomulus nitidus (Benesh, 1955), rediscovered in 2012, whose only known global population inhabits one sole mountain, Cerro Poqui, Chile.
We sampled 146 dead logs per year and found that abundance per log of Sclerostomulus nitidus decreased by 93% in a 5‐year period (2013–2018) and estimated the probability of finding at least one individual is likely to approach zero by 2030 following a linear trend.
Sclerostomulus nitidus is listed as Critically Endangered by Chilean Law due to restricted geographic range, but we propose a need for new IUCN Red Listing resulting from our observations of ongoing population size reduction and the projected probabilities of finding an individual.
While in the field, we witnessed ongoing collection and so present evidence of online trade of Sclerostomulus nitidus. Therefore, to complement the study of the ecology of S. nitidus, we suggest a focus on unifying national and international policies regarding traded or trafficked species.
National policy might be up to speed, but international legislation regarding trading of wildlife, such as CITES, are outdated. Making national and international policy compatible would open possibilities for serious discussions with courier services regarding transparency and monitoring processes used to stop unfettered trading or trafficking to which recently rediscovered species are most vulnerable.
Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome by HSP90 inhibitors
Authors: Nizami Sohaib , Arunasalam Kanisa , Green Jack , Cook James , Lawrence Catherine B. , Zarganes‐Tzitzikas Tryfon , Davis John B. , Di Daniel Elena , Brough David 
Published: September 2020

SummaryExcessive and dysregulated inflammation is known to contribute to disease progression. HSP90 is an intracellular chaperone known to regulate inflammatory processes including the NLRP3 inflammasome and secretion of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin(IL)‐1β. Here, primarily using an in vitro inflammasome ASC speck assay, and an in vivo model of murine peritonitis, we tested the utility of HSP90 inhibitors as anti‐inflammatory molecules. We report that the HSP90 inhibitor EC144 effectively inhibited inflammatory processes including priming and activation of NLRP3 in vitro and in vivo. A specific inhibitor of the β HSP90 isoform was ineffective suggesting the importance of the α isoform in inflammatory signalling. EC144 inhibited IL‐1β and IL‐6 in vivo when administered orally, and was brain‐penetrant. These data suggest that HSP90 inhibitors may be useful for targeting inflammation in diverse diseases that are worsened by the presence of inflammation.
Characteristics and clinical outcomes for mental health patients admitted to a behavioural assessment unit: Implications for model of care and practice
Authors: Daniel Catherine , Mukaro Violet , Yap Celene Y. L. , C Knott Jonathan , Kelly Peter , Innes Andrew , Braitberg George , Gerdtz Marie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBehavioural assessment units (BAU) have been established in emergency departments (EDs) to provide short‐term observation, treatment, and care to people experiencing acute behavioural disturbance. A prospective observational study was conducted in a cohort of adult patients admitted to one BAU located within an ED (July–December 2017) to compare clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and use of restrictive interventions for those who received a specialist mental health (MH) assessment with those who did not. Of the 457 patients, 61.5% received a specialist MH assessment. This group had a lower acuity (Australasian Triage Score 10.4%; CI 0.2–2.0% vs 13.6%; CI 9.3–19.5%); more arrived with police (28.8%; CI 23.8–34.3 vs 5.1%; CI 2.7–9.4%); and were subjected to restrictive interventions while in the BAU. Security responses for unarmed threat (code grey) were higher (10.9%; CI 7.8–15.0% vs 4.4%; CI 2.3–8.5%), as was the use of chemical restraint (4.2%; CI 2.4–7.2 vs 0.0% CI 0.0 – 2.1%). Those requiring specialist MH assessment had a longer length of stay (12.7 vs 5.2 hours). Further development of the BAU model of care must include targeted, evidence‐based strategies to minimize the use of restrictive interventions and ensure timely access to acute mental health services.
On why the gender employment gap in Britain has stalled since the early 1990s
Authors: Razzu Giovanni , Singleton Carl , Mitchell Mark 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUsing over four decades of British micro data, this article looks at how the narrowing gender employment gap stalled in the early 1990s. Changes to the structure of employment between and within industry sectors impacted the gap at approximately constant rates throughout the period and do not account for the stall. Instead, changes to how women's likelihood of paid work was affected by their partners' characteristics explain most of the gap's shift in trend. Increases in women's employment when they had children or achieved higher qualifications continued to narrow the gap even after it had stalled overall.
Development of a silver-based dual-function antimicrobial laundry additive and textile coating for the decontamination of healthcare laundry
Authors: Owen L. , Laird K. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
To repurpose a silver-based antimicrobial textile coating product (Micro-Fresh 1911) as a dual-function antimicrobial laundry additive and textile coating.

Methods and Results
Survival of Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus type and clinical isolates in a domestic 40°C wash was assessed with and without soiling and biological detergent. Washing with 2% w/v silver additive (wash phase) reduced E. coli and S. aureus by 7·14–8·08 log10 and no cross-contamination was observed. Under dirty conditions, 0·5% silver additive in the rinse phase of a wash with biological detergent reduced E. coli and S. aureus by 7·98–8·40 log10 (0·00–1·42 log10 cross contamination). BS EN ISO 20645:2004 and BS EN ISO 20743:2013 methods were used to assess the antimicrobial activity of polycotton washed with 2% w/v silver additive against S. aureus and E. coli. The treated polycotton was antimicrobial against E. coli and S. aureus type and clinical isolates and remains active after at least one further wash cycle at 40 or 73°C.

Conclusions
The silver additive exhibits antimicrobial activity in a 40°C domestic wash, preventing cross contamination onto clean textiles and depositing an antimicrobial coating onto polycotton.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The survival of micro-organisms on healthcare uniforms during domestic laundering presents a potential risk of contaminating the home, cross-contamination of other clothing within the wash and transmitting potential pathogens back into healthcare settings via contaminated uniforms. Silver may be useful as an antimicrobial laundry additive to decontaminate healthcare laundry washed at low temperatures in domestic and industrial settings, to therefore reduce the potential risk of transmitting micro-organisms within the domestic and clinical environments.
Socio‐spatial and quality of life themes in aged care architecture: A qualitative methods protocol
Authors: Mcgann Sarah , Bulsara Caroline , Farley Holly 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the connection between residential aged care architecture, the residents’ ability to find home and Quality of Life themes.DesignThis study uses convergent qualitative mixed methods approach across the three phases of the research project to explore the lived experience of residential aged care residents, their family members, and direct care staff.MethodsThe chosen qualitative methodology is based on a constructionist paradigm and uses a combination of observations, photo production and prompted discussions, and architectural visual data collection methods. Funding was approved in March 2018.DiscussionThis research will provide a novel approach to understanding ways by which residents of residential aged care facilities engage with their surrounding environments and make those surroundings into a place they ‘called home’. The research will serve to articulate the core elements of residential aged care building types which lead to an enhanced quality of life and sense of place for residents.ImpactThere is little contemporary socio‐spatial, lived experience research on the implications of new building types, such as small household aged care facilities on residents quality of life. This research contributes and is significant, to the disciplines of aged care, nursing, architecture, and user studies. The research will provide new knowledge about the influences of the physical environment on resident's quality of life and their ability to find home across different building types, while providing insight into how quality of life might be improved through spatial strategies.
Inhibition of BRD4 triggers cellular senescence through suppressing aurora kinases in oesophageal cancer cells
Authors: Xu Jian‐Ling , Yuan Ya‐Jiao , Lv Jiao , Qi Di , Wu Meng‐Di , Lan Jing , Liu Sheng‐Nan , Yang Yong , Zhai Jing , Jiang Han‐Ming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOesophageal cancer is one of the most frequent solid malignancies and the leading cause of cancer‐related death around the world. It is urgent to develop novel therapy strategies to improve patient outcomes. Acetylation modification of histones has been extensively studied in epigenetics. BRD4, a reader of acetylated histone and non‐histone proteins, has involved in tumorigenesis. It has emerged as a promising target for cancer therapy. BRD4 inhibitors, such as JQ1, have exerted efficacious anti‐proliferation activities in diverse cancers. However, the effects of JQ1 on oesophageal cancer are still not fully described. Here, we demonstrate that JQ1 suppresses cell growth and triggers cellular senescence in KYSE450 cells. Mechanistically, JQ1 up‐regulates p21 level and decreases cyclin D1 resulting in G1 cycle arrest. The inhibitory effects of JQ1 on KYSE450 cells are independent on apoptosis. It activates cellular senescence by increasing SA‐β‐gal activity. BRD4 knockdown by shRNA recapitulates cellular senescence. We also display that administration of JQ1 decreases recruitment of BRD4 on the promoter of aurora kinases A and B. Inhibitors targeting at AURKA/B phenocopy JQ1 treatment in KYSE450 cells. These results identify a novel action manner of BRD4 in oesophageal cancer, which strengthens JQ1 as a candidate drug in oesophageal cancer chemotherapy.
The injectable resin composite restorative technique: A case report
Authors: Ypei Gia Nathalia Ramos , Sampaio Camila Sobral , Higashi Cristian , Sakamoto Antonio , Hirata Ronaldo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the use of the injectable resin composite restorative technique with a flowable resin material, in a clinical case with esthetic problems associated with irregular tooth anatomies, allied with a finishing, and polishing protocol due to staining after 1 year of use.Clinical ConsiderationsThe presented case report helped to achieve an immediate highly esthetic restoration with appropriate width proportions based on a previous wax‐up. After 1 year of use, restorations presented staining; therefore, finishing and polishing procedures were required to re‐achieve acceptable esthetic results and thus increase restoration's survival.ConclusionsThe use of the presented technique allowed to obtain a simple and predictable workflow; however, care must be taken on the follow up of the restorations due to intrinsic characteristics of the flowable resin material.Clinical SignificanceThe use of the presented injectable technique helped on obtaining a precise anatomy replicating a diagnostic wax‐up, thus improving marginal precision and achieving a highly esthetic and functional immediate outcome, with an easy workflow when appropriately planned and executed. However, it also presented low color stability after 1 year of use only, thus, requiring attention from clinicians in regard to its maintenance over time.