bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When can physical distancing be relaxed?&nbsp;A health production function approach for COVID-19 control policy
Authors: Wibowo Dradjad H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPhysical distancing measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic come at a heavy short-term economic cost. But easing the measures too early carries a high risk of transmission re-escalations. To assess if physical distancing can be relaxed, a number of epidemic indicators are used, most notably the reproduction number R. Many developing countries, however, have limited capacities to estimate R accurately. This study aims to demonstrate how health production function can be used to assess the state of COVID-19 transmission and to determine a risk-based physical distancing relaxation policy.MethodsThe author establishes a short-run health production function, representing the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases, from the standard SIR model. Three zones defining the state of transmission are shown. The probability of meeting a policy target, given a production elasticity range, is computed. The method is applied to France, Germany, Italy, the UK and the US, and to Indonesia as an example of application in developing countries. ResultsAs of June 30, 2020, France, Germany, Italy and the UK have arrived in the “green zone” where relaxation can be considered. The US is still in the “red zone” where physical distancing still needs to be applied. France, Germany and Italy can set a policy target of maximum daily-cases of 500, while the UK has to make do with a target of 1,100 daily-cases. France, Germany, Italy and the UK still exhibit a relatively high risk of their daily-cases failing to meet the policy target or even rising. Indonesia is still in the “red zone”, so it comes as no surprise that the country’s daily-cases rose sharply after relaxation of physical distancing. ConclusionsShort-run health production function can be used to assess the state of COVID-19 transmission and to determine a risk-based physical distancing relaxation policy. Given its simplicity and minimum data requirement, the approach is very useful for developing countries which are unable to have reliable estimates of the reproduction number R. Follow-up research from this study may include estimating an economically optimal date for relaxing distancing measures and application of this method to other epidemics.
Geochemistry pollution status and ecotoxicological risk assessment of heavy metals in the Pahang River sediment after the high magnitude of flood event
Authors: Lim K. Y. , Zakaria N. A. , Foo K. Y. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The present work is aimed at assessing the aftermath effects of the 2014 flood tragedy on the distribution, pollution status and ecological risks of the heavy metals deposited in the surface river sediment. A series of environmental pollution indexes, specifically the enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), modified degree of contamination (mCd), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (PERI) and sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) have been adopted. Results revealed that the freshly deposited sediments collected soon after the flood event were dominated by Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cr and Cd, with the average concentrations of 38.74, 16,892, 17.71, 4.65, 29.22, 42.36 and 0.29 mg/kg, respectively. According to the heavy metal pollution indexes, Pahang River sediments were moderately to severely contaminated with Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cr, while Cd with the highest risk of 91.09 was the predominant element that illustrated an aesthetic ecological risk to the water body after the tragic flood event. The findings highlighted a critical deterioration of the heavy metals content, driven by the catastrophic flood event, which has drastically altered their geochemical cycles, sedimentary pollution status and biochemical balance of the river's environment.
An approach to evaluate non-point source pollution in an ungauged basin: a case study in Xiao'anxi River Basin, China
Authors: Zhou Li , Zhang Xing , Liu Lingxue , Chen Ting , Liu Xing , Ren Yufeng , Zhang Hairong , Li Xiaodong , Ao Tianqi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It is challenging to evaluate non-point source pollution (NPSP) quantitatively and comprehensively in a basin without gauged data. In this paper, the export coefficient model (ECM), source strength coefficient method (SSCM), and the equivalent pollution loading method (EPLM) were integrated to evaluate NPSP in the Xiao’anxi River Basin (XRB) in 2018. The results showed that NPSP is the primary pollution type in the study area for 68.1% of the total pollution load. The primary pollutant was total nitrogen (TN), which accounted for 56.16% of the total pollution. Moreover, rural residents' living sewage accounted for 48.81% of NPSP, which was the primary pollution source. The evaluation results are consistent with field investigation, which indicates that the proposed integration method is capable of NPSP assessment in an ungauged basin. In addition, the hydrological analogy method and Q–V linear fitting were used to determine the discharge and flow velocity to calculate water environmental capacity, and compare with the prediction of NPSP in the study area in 2022. It was found that the critical rehabilitation regions are Bachuan Town, Nancheng Town, and Er'ping Town. Furthermore, the primary pollutants, TN and total phosphorus (TP), exceeded the water environmental capacity by 76.67% and 48.58%, respectively.
Calibration method for Manning's roughness coefficient for a river flume model
Authors: Li Yujian , Geng Yixin , Mao Liang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper takes the Tarim River as an example to study the selection of Manning's roughness coefficient (n) in numerical simulation and presents a new method for calibrating Manning's roughness coefficient of a flume model. The measured topographic data and hydraulic data obtained from the flume experiments are taken as the initial boundary conditions in flow simulation, and n value for a flume model of the Qiman reach of Tarim River is calibrated by using a CCHE2D model. The consistency between the simulated water surface and the measured water surface with different n value is compared by using the error analysis method. Manning's n value for a flume model which meets the minimum error requirements is determined. The relative error between n value obtained by the empirical method and n value obtained by the numerical simulation method is analyzed. The result shows that the calibration method of n value for a flume model by using the CCHE2D model and error analysis presented in this paper is feasible and reliable.
Simultaneous determination of 11 illicit drugs and metabolites in wastewater by UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Wang Xin , Wang Roujia , Luo Ruxin , Shi Yan , Shen Baohua , Liu Wei , Yu Zhiguo , Xiang Ping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Assessing collective drug consumption based on the concentrations of illicit drugs and their metabolites in wastewater is a new technology. Currently, this technology is receiving attention in China, and methods for multiple illicit drug detection in wastewater are urgently needed. In our study, a method with a short runtime (7 min), a small solid-phase extraction (SPE) loading volume (50 mL) and high sensitivity (lower limits of quantitation (LLOQs) ranged from 0.2 to 5 ng/L) was developed for the simultaneous determination of amphetamines, ketamine, opiates, cocaine and their metabolites in wastewater. Samples were enriched by SPE on a mixed-mode sorbent (Oasis MCX) and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.1 to 2 ng/L, and the LLOQs varied between 0.2 and 5 ng/L. Moreover, the method developed was applied to real wastewater samples collected from 15 different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In the results, the most abundant compounds were morphine (1.8–46.6 ng/L) and codeine (3.7–24.9 ng/L), which were detected in 13 WWTPs. After successful optimization of the UPLC-MS/MS conditions and sample loading pH, the method developed is able to meet the needs of common illicit drug monitoring and high-throughput analysis requirements.
Enhanced removal of nutrients and heavy metals from domestic-industrial wastewater in an academic campus of Hanoi using modified hybrid constructed wetlands
Authors: Huong Mai , Costa Dan-Tam , Van Hoi Bui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Vietnam, like many developing countries, is facing serious water quality issues due to discharging wastewaters without treatment or with improper treatment, which can constitute a potential risk for aquatic ecosystems, food safety and human health. Hybrid constructed wetlands with four substrate layers (HCW) and modified hybrid constructed wetland (MHCW-1 and MHCW-2) with seven substrate layers were designed to evaluate the enhanced treatment capacity for wastewaters. To this end, we carried out an outdoor experiment at the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam to treat its wastewaters from April to August 2019. All constructed wetland units were planted with reed Phragmites australis and cyperus Cyperus alternifolius; and specifically wetland MHCW-2 was cultured with earthworm Perionys excavates. Results indicated that MHCW-1 and MHCW-2 with seven substrate layers had higher removal efficiencies of -N, TKN and TP than HCW system. More substrate layers in MHCW-1 and MHCW-2 also resulted in increase of Cu and Pb removal efficiencies, with 73.5%, 79.4%, 71.5% and 67.8%, respectively. Particularly, earthworm addition in MHCW-2 was more efficient in decreasing the concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), with removal efficiency over 70%.
Case study of H2S release and transport in a trunk sewer with drops
Authors: Yang Zhi , Zhu David Z. , Yu Tong , Edwini-Bonsu Stephen , Shypanski Adam , Liu Yanchen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Field work was performed to investigate the release of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and its transport in the sewer trunk with drops in the Bonnie Doon area in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, in order to develop a proper odor control strategy. The liquid sulfide concentration in the upstream trunk was low (less than 1.0 mg/L), and no H2S gas was detected in the head space under this low concentration. However, high H2S gas concentration was detected in the middle reach of the trunk due to the stripping effect of the three drops (2.7 m, 5.2 m and 2.0 m) along the trunk. The released H2S at drops was then transported in the sewer system and emitted at various locations and caused odor concerns. These drops played an important role in H2S release, and the overall H2S mass transfer coefficient at drops was much higher than that in normal gravity sewers. The overall oxygen and H2S mass transfer coefficient (KLa) was estimated to be around 200 h−1 and 300 h−1 at the first two drops, respectively. Field sampling of biofilm indicates that Desulfomicrobium was identified as the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) responsible for sulfide generation in sewer wall biofilm and Thiobacillus was the only predominant member in manhole wall biofilm contributing to sewer manhole corrosion.
Qiliqiangxin Prescription Promotes Angiogenesis of Hypoxic Primary Rat Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells via Regulating miR-21 Signaling
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Zhang Jingjing , Fu Mingqiang , Wang Jingfeng , Cui Xiaotong , Song Yu , Han Xueting , Liu Yuan , Zhou Jingmin , Ge Junbo 
Published: October 2020

Background and Objective:
Angiogenesis is the most important repair process of tissues subjected
to ischemic injury. The present study aims to investigate whether the pro-angiogenic effect of Qiliqiangxin prescription
(QL) is mediated through miR-21 signaling.

Methods:
Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) were isolated and cultured from 2-3 weeks old SD
rats by the method of planting myocardium tissues. The purity was identified by CD31 immunofluorescence
staining. CMECs were then cultured under 1% O2 hypoxia or normoxia condition for 24h in the presence or
absence of QL pretreatment (QL, 0.5mg/ml, 24h). The mimics and inhibitors of miR-21 were transfected into
CMECs. miR-21, HIF-1α, and VEGF expressions of CMECs were then detected by qRT-PCR and/or Western
blot. The proliferation, migration, and tube formation functions of CMECs were assessed using the BrdU assay,
wound healing test, and tube formation assay, respectively.

Results:
The results showed that compared with the control group, hypoxia significantly upregulated the expression
of miR-21 and impaired CMECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation functions. Compared with
the hypoxia group, QL further upregulated miR-21, HIF-1α, and VEGF expressions, and improved cell proliferation,
migration, and tube formation of hypoxic CMECs. These effects of QL were abolished by a knockdown
of miR-21. Conversely, treatment with miR-21 mimics further enhanced QL induced changes in hypoxic
CMECs.

Conclusions:
Results indicate that the pro-angiogenesis effects of QL on hypoxic CMECs are mediated by activating
miR-21 and its downstream HIF-1α/VEGF pathway possibly.
Biological Role of AKT and Regulation of AKT Signaling Pathway by Thymoquinone: Perspectives in Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Junaid Md. , Akter Yeasmin , Afrose Syeda Samira , Tania Mousumi , Khan Md. Asaduzzaman 
Published: October 2020

Background:
AKT/PKB is an important enzyme with numerous biological functions, and
its overexpression is related to carcinogenesis. AKT stimulates different signaling pathways that are
downstream of activated tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, hence functions as an
important target for anti-cancer drugs.

Objective:
In this review article, we have interpreted the role of AKT signaling pathway in cancer and
the natural inhibitory effect of Thymoquinone (TQ) in AKT and its possible mechanisms.

Method:
We have collected the updated information and data on AKT, its role in cancer and the inhibitory
effect of TQ in AKT signaling pathway from Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science,
Elsevier, Scopus, and many more.

Results:
Many drugs are already developed, which can target AKT, but very few among them have
passed clinical trials. TQ is a natural compound, mainly found in black cumin, which has been found
to have potential anti-cancer activities. TQ targets numerous signaling pathways, including AKT, in
different cancers. In fact, many studies revealed that AKT is one of the major targets of TQ. The preclinical
success of TQ suggests its clinical studies on cancer.

Conclusion:
This review article summarizes the role of AKT in carcinogenesis, its potent inhibitors in
clinical trials, and how TQ acts as an inhibitor of AKT and TQ’s future as a cancer therapeutic drug.
Withdrawal Notice: Ionic Liquid Mediated Synthesis of Schiff bases Bearing Thiazole and Indole Moieties
Authors: Jawale Dhanaji , Wagare Devendra , Lingampalle Dinesh , Netankar Prashant 
Published: October 2020

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors and editor of the journal "Current Organic Synthesis."

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may cause.

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Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of 17β-HSD5-induced Carcinogenicity of Catha edulis via Molecular Modeling Approach
Authors: Saeed Maria , Ashraf Sajda , Alsanosi Rashad , Alhazmi Hassan A. , AlBratty Mohammed , Najmi Asim , Khalid Asaad , Ul-Haq Zaheer 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The tradition of khat chewing has been deep-rooted in the African and Arabian
Peninsula for centuries. Due to its amphetamine-like psycho-stimulant or euphoric effect, khat
has been used by millions in Somalia, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The long-term use of khat
can induce many major health outcomes, which may be serious and irreversible.

Objective:
Prolonged use of khat constituents has been associated with different types of cancers such
as prostatic, breast and ovarian cancer. However, it has been very difficult to identify the molecular
targets involved in khat carcinogenesis that interact with the Khat constituents by in vitro/in vivo
experimental tools.

Methods:
In silico tools were used to predict potential targets involved in the carcinogenesis of khat.
Pass on-line prediction server was used for the prediction of a potential molecular target for khat constituents.
Molecular Dynamics simulation and MM-GBSA calculation of the predicted target were
carried out.

Results:
Molecular Dynamics simulation and MM-GBSA calculation revealed that among khat constituents,
β-sitosterol showed a high binding affinity towards 17β-HSD5. On the other hand, this
study highlights for the first time some new interactions, which were observed in the case of cathine,
cathinone and nerol during the simulation.

Conclusion:
In silico molecular dynamic simulation tools were used for the first time to investigate
the molecular mechanism of widely used leaves of psychoactive khat (Catha edulis) constituent. The
present study provides deep insight to understand the effect of khat constituents involved in the impairment
of the reproductive system and its binding to 17β-HSD5. ADMET profiling also suggested
that few khat constituents do not fulfill the requirements of the Lipinski rule of five i.e. poor absorption
and blood-brain barrier impermeability.
Effect of Lapachol on the Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase Related to the Invasion of Human Fibrosarcoma Cells
Authors: Kim Jaeryeon , Kim Moon-Moo 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Anti-cancer effect of lapachol contained in Tabebuia avellandae has been
poorly understood until now.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of lapachol on MMPs related
to cell invasion. Its action mechanism was elucidated by analyzing the activity and the expression
of MMPs and the proteins involved in the signaling pathway of cell invasion.

Methods:
The cytotoxicity of lapachol was evaluated by MTT assay in HT1080 cells. The effects
of lapachol on the expression and the activation of MMPs were analyzed by western blot, immunofluorescence
staining, and gelatin zymography assays. Their gene expression was analyzed
by RT-PCR, and metastasis was evaluated by cell invasion assay.

Results:
Lapachol below 2 μM showed no cytotoxicity. It was observed that lapachol above 0.5
μM inhibited the activation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 stimulated by PMA. In particular, the protein
and gene expression levels of MMP-2 stimulated by PMA were remarkably decreased in the presence
of lapachol at 1 μM compared with the PMA treatment group. In addition, lapachol increased
the expression level of TIMP-1 compared with the PMA treatment group. Moreover, lapachol decreased
the expression level of p-p38 among MAPKs compared with the PMA treatment group. It
was also found that the expression level of p65, a part of NF-kB, in nuclei was reduced in the presence
of lapachol above 0.5 μM compared with the PMA treatment group. In addition, lapachol inhibited
the invasion of human fibrosarcoma cells stimulated with VEGF.

Conclusion:
Above results suggest that lapachol could play an important role in the modulation of
MMPs related to cell invasion via the increase in TIMP-1 expression as well as the inactivation of
p38 through NF-kB transcription factor.
PENERAPAN TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL PADA PENGGUNAAN E-MONEY STUDI PADA WILAYAH NON PERKOTAAN
Authors: Nustini Yuni , Adhinagari Annisa H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstrak: Penerapan Technology Acceptance Model pada Penggunaan e-Money Studi pada Wilayah Non-Perkotaan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi warga di wilayah non-perkotaan dalam menggunakan e-money (uang elektronik). Penelitian ini penting untuk dilaksanakan mengingat pemerintah telah mencanangkan cash less society. Di duga saat ini secara masyarakat Indonesia yang berdomisili di wilayah non-perkotaan belum terbiasa menggunakan e-money. Sampel dikumpulkan secara acak (random) dari orang-orang yang berdomisili di Kabupaten Sleman DIY dan dipilih dengan kriteria yang telah menggunakan e-money. Analisis data dengan regresi linier berganda di uji menggunakan software SPSS. Hasil pengujian data menunjukkan bahwa semua (empat) hipotesis didukung. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa selain masyarakat perkotaan, masyarakat non-perkotaan juga memiliki persepsi yang baik dan menerima pemakaian e-money sebagai alat pembayaran. Dengan demikian program cash less society yang dicanangkan oleh pemerintah RI akan didukung sepenuhnya oleh masyarakat Indonesia.Kata kunci: e-Money, Cash Less Society, Technology Acceptance Model