bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leptin Contributes to Neuropathic Pain via Extrasynaptic NMDAR-nNOS Activation
Authors: Liang Yanling , Ma Yuxin , Wang Jieqin , Nie Lei , Hou Xusheng , Wu Wenyu , Zhang Xingmei , Tian Yinghong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLeptin is an adipocytokine that is primarily secreted by white adipose tissue, and it contributes to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain in collaboration with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Functional NMDARs are a heteromeric complex that primarily comprise two NR1 subunits and two NR2 subunits. NR2A is preferentially located at synaptic sites, and NR2B is enriched at extrasynaptic sites. The roles of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDARs in the contribution of leptin to neuropathic pain are not clear. The present study examined whether the important role of leptin in neuropathic pain was related to synaptic or extrasynaptic NMDARs. We used a rat model of spared nerve injury (SNI) and demonstrated that the intrathecal administration of the NR2A-selective antagonist NVP-AAM077 and the NR2B-selective antagonist Ro25-6981 prevented and reversed mechanical allodynia following SNI. Administration of exogenous leptin mimicked SNI-induced behavioral allodynia, which was also prevented by NVP-AAM077 and Ro25-6981. Mechanistic studies showed that leptin enhanced NR2B- but not NR2A-mediated currents in spinal lamina II neurons of naïve rats. Leptin also upregulated the expression of NR2B, which was blocked by the NR2B-selective antagonist Ro25-6981, in cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Leptin enhanced neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression, which was also blocked by Ro25-6981, in cultured DRG cells. However, leptin did not change NR2A expression, and the NR2A-selective antagonist NVP-AAM077 had no effect on leptin-enhanced nNOS expression. Our data suggest an important cellular link between the spinal effects of leptin and the extrasynaptic NMDAR-nNOS-mediated cellular mechanism of neuropathic pain.
How you choose is as important as what you choose: Subjective quality of choice predicts well-being and academic performance
Authors: Leontiev Dmitry A. , Osin Evgeny N. , Fam Anna K. , Ovchinnikova Elena Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe paper proposes a new approach to measuring key parameters of choice as intentional activity. We developed and validated a 23-item questionnaire called the Subjective Quality of Choice (SQC) which measures four qualitative dimensions of choice: elaboration, emotional valence, autonomy, and satisfaction with the outcome. Three validation studies are presented. In the first study respondents from a large online sample evaluated the quality of important choices they made in life. Using structural equation modeling, we confirmed the structure of the SQC and investigated the associations of its scales with other measures. In the second study using a longitudinal design we replicated the structure of the SQC in a university choice context and investigated the criterion validity of its scales against well-being and academic outcome variables. In the third study we investigated the predictive validity of the SQC in a university applicant sample against an objective real-life outcome. The findings support the validity of the choice quality model.
Origin of the tribofilm from MoS2 nanoparticle oil additives: Dependence of oil film thickness on particle aggregation in rolling point contact
Authors: Wu Hongxing , Wang Liping , Dong Guangneng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe lubrication effectiveness of MoS2 nanoparticles as an oil additive remains unclear, restricting its application in industry to reduce friction. The goal of this work was to explore the lubrication mechanism of MoS2 nanoparticles as an oil additive. In this study, the oil film thickness behaviors of MoS2 nanoparticles in poly-alpha olefin (PAO4) base oil, PAO4 with 3 wt% dispersant (polyisobutyleneamine succinimide, PIBS), and 0W20 engine oil were investigated using an elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) testing machine. Following the EHL tests, the flow patterns around the contact area and the tribofilm covering rate on contact area were studied using optical microscopy to understand the lubrication mechanism. The results indicate that both the dispersant and nanoparticle aggregation significantly affected the oil film thickness. The expected oil film thickness increase in the case of 0.1 wt% MoS2 in PAO4 base oil was obtained, with an increase from 30 to 60 nm over 15 min at a velocity of 50 mm/s. Flow pattern analysis revealed the formation of particle aggregation on the rolling path when lubricated with 0.1 wt% MoS2, which is associated with a tribofilm coverage rate of 41.5% on the contact area. However, an oil film thickness increase and particle aggregation were not observed during the tests with 0.1 wt% MoS2 blended with 3 wt% PIBS as the dispersant in PAO4 base oil, and for 0.75 wt% MoS2 in 0W20 engine oil. The results suggest that nanoparticles responsible for tribofilm formation originated from aggregates, but not the well-dispersed nanoparticles in point contact. This understanding should aid the advancement of novel lubricant additive design.
Domain-General Tutor Authoring with Apprentice Learner Models
Authors: MacLellan Christopher J. , Koedinger Kenneth R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntelligent tutoring systems are effective for improving students’ learning outcomes (Pane et al. 2013; Koedinger and Anderson, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 8, 1–14, 1997; Bowen et al. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 1, 94–111 2013). However, constructing tutoring systems that are pedagogically effective has been widely recognized as a challenging problem (Murray 2003; Murray, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 10, 98–129, 1999). In this paper, we explore the use of computational models of apprentice learning, or computer models that learn interactively from examples and feedback, for authoring expert-models via demonstrations and feedback (Matsuda et al. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 25(1), 1–34 2014) across a wide range of domains. To support these investigations, we present the Apprentice Learner Architecture, which posits the types of knowledge, performance, and learning components needed for apprentice learning. We use this architecture to create two models: the Decision Tree model, which non-incrementally learns skills, and the Trestle model, which instead learns incrementally. Both models draw on the same small set of prior knowledge (six operators and three types of relational knowledge) to support expert model authoring. Despite their limited prior knowledge, we demonstrate their use for efficiently authoring a novel experimental design tutor and show that they are capable of learning an expert model for seven additional tutoring systems that teach a wide range of knowledge types (associations, categories, and skills) across multiple domains (language, math, engineering, and science). This work shows that apprentice learner models are efficient for authoring tutors that would be difficult to build with existing non-programmer authoring approaches (e.g., experimental design or stoichiometry tutors). Further, we show that these models can be applied to author tutors across eight tutor domains even though they only have a small, fixed set of prior knowledge. This work lays the foundation for new interactive machine-learning based authoring paradigms that empower teachers and other non-programmers to build pedagogically effective educational technologies at scale.
Disc light variability in the FUor star V646 Puppis as observed by TESS and from the ground
Authors: Siwak Michał , Ogłoza Waldemar , Krzesiński Jerzy 
Published: October 2020

Context. We investigate small-scale light variations in V646 Pup occurring on timescales of days, weeks, and years.
Aims. We aim to investigate whether this variability is similar to that observed in FU Ori.
Methods. We observed V646 Pup on six occasions at the SAAO and CTIO between 2013 and 2018 with Johnson and Sloan filters, typically using a one-day cadence maintained for two to four weeks. We also utilised the public-domain 1512-day-long ASAS-SN light curve and TESS photometry obtained in 2019 over 24.1 days with a 30 min cadence. New SAAO low-resolution spectra assist in updating major disc parameters, while the archival high-resolution Keck spectra are used to search for temporal changes in the disc rotational profiles.
Results. The ground-based observations confirm the constantly decreasing brightness of V646 Pup at the rate of 0.018 mag yr−1. Precise i-band sensitive TESS data show that the slight, 0.005−0.01 mag, light variations imposed on this general trend do consist of a few independent wave trains of an apparently time-coherent nature. Assuming that this is typical situation, based on an analysis of colour–magnitude diagrams obtained for earlier epochs, we were able to make a preliminarily inference that the bulk of the light changes observed could be due to the rotation of disc photosphere inhomogeneities, arising between 10–12 R⊙ from the star. We do not exclude the possibility that these inhomogeneities could also manifest themselves in the rotational profiles of the disc, as obtained from the high-resolution spectra. Assuming Keplerian rotation of these inhomogeneities, we give a preliminary determination of the stellar mass at 0.7–0.9 M⊙.
Conclusions. Over certain weeks, at least, V646 Pup has shown time-coherent light variability pattern(s) that could be explained by the rotation of an inhomogeneous disc photosphere. These preliminary results are similar to those better established for FU Ori, which suggests a common driving mechanism(s).
Management of Mesenteric Cysts in Pediatric Population: Five-year Experience in Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Sharma Shyamendra Pratap , Chowdhary Sarita , Panigrahi Pranay , Sharma Shiv Prasad 
Published: October 2020

Introduction
To study the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of mesenteric cysts in pediatric age group (< 15 years).

Materials and Methods
This was a retrospective analysis which inculded 35 children diagnosed and treated for mesenteric cysts in the pediatric surgery department from January 2014 to January 2019. Patient's data were retrieved from case sheets and analyzed. Patients with atleast one year follow-up were included in the study.

Results
Thirty-five patients were included in the study. Twenty-one (60%) were males and fourteen (40%) were females. Mean age of presentation and surgery was 24 months. Twenty-six (74.2%) patients were managed by bowel resection, while 9 (25.7%) were managed by simple cystectomy. The average size of the cyst was 15 cm (ranging from 5 to 25 cm). Content of cysts was mostly chylous (82.9% cases). No recurrence was found throughout the follow-up period (1–2 years).

Conclusion
Mesenteric cyst should be considered as a differential diagnosis in pediatric patients with acute or subacute intestinal obstruction and with or without a palpable lump in the abdomen. Mesenteric cysts can be managed surgically with favorable outcomes.
Bara and Viala, or Virtue Rewarded: The Memorialization of Two Child Martyrs of the French Revolution
Authors: Perna Antonia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article explores the commemoration of republican child martyrs Joseph Bara and Joseph-Agricol Viala, in Year II (1793–4), during the French Revolution. It compares the official interpretation of their deaths with the subsequent appropriation of this narrative in wider culture. The article argues that leading revolutionaries—notably Robespierre, Barère and David—utilized the heroic deaths of children specifically for their associations with natural virtue and innocence, setting the tone for a new model of republican morality. It then demonstrates that the state’s narrative was widely circulated, yet appropriated and commodified, using popular prints and theatre as case studies. This article thus demonstrates the limits of official control over French Revolutionary culture and traces the fragmented roots of what would become a revived memory cult in the Third Republic.
The Importance of Engaging in Physical Activity in Older Adulthood for Transitions Between Cognitive Status Categories and Death: A Coordinated Analysis of 14 Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Yoneda Tomiko , Lewis Nathan A , Knight Jamie E , Rush Jonathan , Vendittelli Rebecca , Kleineidam Luca , Hyun Jinshil , Piccinin Andrea M , Hofer Scott M , Hoogendijk Emiel O , Derby Carol A , Scherer Martin , Riedel-Heller Steffi , Wagner Michael , van den Hout Ardo , Wang Wenyu , Bennett David A , Muniz-Terrera Graciela 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Given increasing incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia, further understanding of modifiable factors contributing to increased healthspan is crucial. Extensive literature provides evidence that physical activity (PA) delays the onset of cognitive impairment; however, it is unclear whether engaging in PA in older adulthood is sufficient to influence progression through cognitive status categories.

Method
Applying a coordinated analysis approach, this project independently analyzed 14 longitudinal studies (NTotal = 52 039; mean baseline age across studies = 69.9–81.73) from North America and Europe using multistate survival models to estimate the impact of engaging in PA on cognitive status transitions (nonimpaired, mildly impaired, severely impaired) and death. Multinomial regression models were fit to estimate life expectancy (LE) based on American PA recommendations. Meta-analyses provided the pooled effect sizes for the role of PA on each transition and estimated LEs.

Results
Controlling for baseline age, sex, education, and chronic conditions, analyses revealed that more PA is significantly associated with decreased risk of transitioning from nonimpaired to mildly impaired cognitive functioning and death, as well as substantially longer LE. Results also provided evidence for a protective effect of PA after onset of cognitive impairment (eg, decreased risk of transitioning from mild-to-severe cognitive impairment; increased likelihood of transitioning backward from severe-to-mild cognitive impairment), though between-study heterogeneity suggests a less robust association.

Conclusions
These results yield evidence for the importance of engaging in PA in older adulthood for cognitive health, and a rationale for motivating older adults to engage consistently in PA.
Pacific Biosciences assembly with Hi-C mapping generates an improved, chromosome-level goose genome
Authors: Li Yan , Gao Guangliang , Lin Yu , Hu Silu , Luo Yi , Wang Guosong , Jin Long , Wang Qigui , Wang Jiwen , Tang Qianzi , Li Mingzhou 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
The domestic goose is an economically important and scientifically valuable waterfowl; however, a lack of high-quality genomic data has hindered research concerning its genome, genetics, and breeding. As domestic geese breeds derive from both the swan goose (Anser cygnoides) and the graylag goose (Anser anser), we selected a female Tianfu goose for genome sequencing. We generated a chromosome-level goose genome assembly by adopting a hybrid de novo assembly approach that combined Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time sequencing, high-throughput chromatin conformation capture mapping, and Illumina short-read sequencing.

Findings
We generated a 1.11-Gb goose genome with contig and scaffold N50 values of 1.85 and 33.12 Mb, respectively. The assembly contains 39 pseudo-chromosomes (2n = 78) accounting for ∼88.36% of the goose genome. Compared with previous goose assemblies, our assembly has more continuity, completeness, and accuracy; the annotation of core eukaryotic genes and universal single-copy orthologs has also been improved. We have identified 17,568 protein-coding genes and a repeat content of 8.67% (96.57 Mb) in this genome assembly. We also explored the spatial organization of chromatin and gene expression in the goose liver tissues, in terms of inter-pseudo-chromosomal interaction patterns, compartments, topologically associating domains, and promoter-enhancer interactions.

Conclusions
We present the first chromosome-level assembly of the goose genome. This will be a valuable resource for future genetic and genomic studies on geese.
Impact of digitally acquired peer diagnostic input on diagnostic confidence in outpatient cases: A pragmatic randomized trial
Authors: Khoong Elaine C , Fontil Valy , Rivadeneira Natalie A , Hoskote Mekhala , Nundy Shantanu , Lyles Courtney R , Sarkar Urmimala 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe study sought to evaluate if peer input on outpatient cases impacted diagnostic confidence.Materials and MethodsThis randomized trial of a peer input intervention occurred among 28 clinicians with case-level randomization. Encounters with diagnostic uncertainty were entered onto a digital platform to collect input from ≥5 clinicians. The primary outcome was diagnostic confidence. We used mixed-effects logistic regression analyses to assess for intervention impact on diagnostic confidence.ResultsAmong the 509 cases (255 control; 254 intervention), the intervention did not impact confidence (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.999-2.12), but after adjusting for clinician and case traits, the intervention was associated with higher confidence (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01-2.32). The intervention impact was greater in cases with high uncertainty (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.09- 9.52).ConclusionsPeer input increased diagnostic confidence primarily in high-uncertainty cases, consistent with findings that clinicians desire input primarily in cases with continued uncertainty.
Using near-infrared spectroscopy to determine intramuscular fat and fatty acids of beef applying different prediction approaches
Authors: Barragán-Hernández Wilson , Mahecha-Ledesma Liliana , Burgos-Paz William , Olivera-Angel Martha , Angulo-Arizala Joaquín 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to predict fat and fatty acids (FA) contents in beef using near-infrared spectroscopy and prediction models based on partial least squares (PLS) and support vector machine regression in radial kernel (R-SVR). Fat and FA were assessed in 200 longissimus thoracis samples, and spectra were collected in reflectance mode from ground meat. The analyses were performed for PLS and R-SVR with and without wavelength selection based on genetic algorithms (GAs). The GA application improved the error prediction by 15% and 68% for PLS and R-SVR, respectively. Models based on GA plus R-SMV showed a prediction ability for fat and FA with an average coefficient of determination of 0.92 and ratio performance deviation of 4.8.
Induction chemotherapy in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Okano Susumu , Homma Akihiro , Kiyota Naomi , Tahara Makoto , Hanai Nobuhiro , Asakage Takahiro , Matsuura Kazuto , Ogawa Takenori , Saito Yuki , Sano Daisuke , Kodaira Takeshi , Motegi Atsushi , Yasuda Koichi , Takahashi Shunji , Tanaka Kaoru , Onoe Takuma , Yokota Tomoya , Imamura Yoshinori , Ariizumi Yosuke , Akimoto Tetsuo , Hayashi Ryuichi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In order to maximize the benefit of induction chemotherapy, practice based on a comprehensive interpretation of a large number of clinical trials, as in this review, is essential. The standard treatment for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is surgery or chemoradiation. However, induction chemotherapy followed by (chemo) radiotherapy may be used in some circumstances. Although many clinical trials of induction chemotherapy have been conducted, a rationale other than to preserve the larynx is still controversial. Selection of this modality should therefore be made with care. The current standard regimen for induction chemotherapy is docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-FU, but concerns remain about toxicity, cost and the duration of treatment. Regarding treatment after induction chemotherapy, it is also unclear whether radiation alone or chemoradiation is the better option. Furthermore, there is no answer as to what drugs should be used in combination with radiation therapy after induction chemotherapy. Several new induction chemotherapy treatment developments are currently underway, and future developments are expected. This review article summarizes the current position of induction chemotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, based on the evidence produced to date, and discusses the future prospects for this treatment.
Short-term results of a phase II study of preoperative docetaxel/cisplatin/S-1 therapy for locally advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Tsuchida Kazuhito , Sato Tsutomu , Aoyama Toru , Atsumi Yosuke , Kano Kazuki , Maezawa Yukio , Kazama Keisuke , Numata Masakatsu , Yamada Takanobu , Tamagawa Hiroshi , Murakami Hitoshi , Oshima Takashi , Saeki Hiroyuki , Cho Haruhiko , Yukawa Norio , Yamamoto Yuji , Masuda Munetaka , Rino Yasushi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
A multi-institutional phase II study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative docetaxel, cisplatin and S-1 therapy in marginally resectable advanced gastric cancer.

Methods
Patients with macroscopic type 4, large macroscopic type 3 and bulky lymph node metastasis received two cycles of preoperative docetaxel, cisplatin and S-1 therapy (docetaxel 40 mg/m2 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 on day 1, and S-1 80 mg/m2 for 14 days, every 4 weeks). The primary endpoint was the pathological response rate, with an expected value of 65%.

Results
Thirty-one patients were enrolled in this study. The pathological response rate was 54.8%, and it was higher than the threshold value but lower than the expected rate. The R0 resection rate was 93.5%. The frequencies of grade 3–4 toxicities during docetaxel, cisplatin and S-1 therapy were 41.9% for neutropenia, 6.5% for febrile neutropenia and 32.3% for nausea/vomiting. Grade 2 and 3 surgical morbidities occurred in 23.3 and 6.7% of the patients, respectively.

Conclusions
Preoperative docetaxel, cisplatin and S-1 therapy was feasible in terms of chemotherapy-related toxicities and surgical morbidity, but the effect did not achieve the expected value. The association between the pathological response rate and survival will be evaluated in the final analysis of this clinical trial.
Neurilemmoma of fronto-ethmoid paranasal sinuses: aggressive anterior skull base destructing tumor—a case report
Authors: Jawad Jamal , Mandura Rawan , Alhatem Hatem 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Neurilemmomas (Schwannomas) of sinonasal tract are very unusual. They are benign, slow-growing, usually solitary encapsulated perineural tumors. They arise from Schwann cells of the neural sheath of the peripheral nervous system including motor, sensory and autonomic nerves. They can occur throughout the body, but the head and neck region demonstrate a higher incidence of occurrence (25–45%). The sinonasal region, however, has the lowest incidence rate with only 3–4%. We report here a rare case of fronto-ethmoid sinus neurilemmoma that is locally destructing the anterior skull base and the lateral orbital wall. A left eye proptosis, diplopia and chemosis were the presenting complaints. Images and histopathology examinations confirmed the diagnosis. The patient underwent tumor resection through Endoscopic Endonasal approach, followed by a functional sinus drainage of the retained secretions. The patient made a good postoperative recovery and remained disease free at a 1-year follow up period.