bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'ALTERNANZA PREVISTA. LA COMPETIZIONE NEI COLLEGI UNINOMINALI
Authors: Melchionda Enrico 
Published: January 2021

Introduzione
Il nostro sistema politico sembra proprio destinato a una permanente
instabilità, a una transizione senza fine, dopo il terremoto dei primi anni
novanta. Eppure questa volta non mancano elementi per ipotizzare che a un
assestamento si stia arrivando, finalmente. Le elezioni del 13 maggio
rappresentano da questo punto di vista un salto di qualità: esse hanno
espresso un risultato chiaro e una maggioranza consistente, in un contesto
decisamente bipolare e in un rapporto di forze tra i blocchi che appare
ormai costante. A questo salto di qualità dovrebbero contribuire anche altri
fenomeni emersi chiaramente nell'ultima consultazione, come la
«presidenzializzazione» delle campagne elettorali, la concentrazione dei
consensi per i partiti e la loro redistribuzione all'interno dei blocchi.
Non è facile prevedere quanto tutto ciò possa contribuire a consolidare gli
assetti istituzionali e di governo, decretando l'epilogo della «transizione»
italiana, ma è probabile che serva ad imprimere una maggiore strutturazione
alla competizione politico-elettorale. Rendendola quindi anche più
prevedibile.
QUANTO HA CONTATO LA COMUNICAZIONE POLITICA?
Authors: Sani Giacomo , Legnante Guido 
Published: January 2021

Introduzione
Sottolineare l'importanza che assumono i processi, i contenuti e
l'audience della comunicazione politica nel corso delle campagne elettorali
può sembrare superfluo, ma questo è un punto che va ribadito e dal quale
conviene prendere le mosse, perché esso coinvolge con potenziali
significative conseguenze molti se non tutti i principali attori politici
delle contemporanee democrazie e finisce con l'avere effetti significativi
sul verdetto.
POCHI VOTI, TANTA INFLUENZA. NAZIONALISMI E PARTITI NAZIONALISTI IN
EUROPA
Authors: Cortona Pietro Grilli di 
Published: January 2021

Introduzione
Almeno fino agli anni ‘50, fra gli scienziati sociali prevaleva l'idea che i
conflitti etnici nei paesi occidentali fossero in declino (Lijphart 1977). Da una
parte, c'era la convinzione che i processi di modernizzazione, dopo essere stati
indicati come una delle principali cause dello sviluppo dei nazionalismi (Deutsch
1966a; 1966b; 1969; Gellner 1994), avrebbero in realtà condotto ad un'integrazione
definitiva delle società e reso così anacronistica ogni rivendicazione
nazionalistica. Dall'altra, la fine ormai annunciata delle ideologie avrebbe fatto
esaurire anche i nazionalismi. A rafforzare queste convinzioni stavano poi i
processi in atto di integrazione sovrastatale e sovranazionale che, almeno in
Europa, sembravano destinati ad indebolire ogni forma di particolarismo
etnico.
Incidence and severity of postthrombotic syndrome after iliofemoral thrombosis – results of the Iliaca-PTS – Registry
Authors: Nawasrah Jamil , Zydek Barbara , Lucks Jessica , Renczes Johannes , Haberichter Barbara , Balaban Ümniye , Schellong Sebastian , Lindhoff-Last Edelgard 
Published: January 2021

Summary: Background: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and in particular, iliofemoral thrombosis (IFT) can lead to recurrent thrombosis and postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). Data on the prevalence, predictors and outcome of IFT are scarce. Patients and methods: We retrospectively searched our database of outpatients who had presented with DVT and IFT including the iliac veins from 2014 until 2017. In addition, we performed a prospective registry in a subgroup of patients with IFT. These patients received duplex ultrasound, magnetic resonance venography and measurement of symptom-free walking distance using a standardized treadmill ergometry. The severity of PTS was analyzed using the Villalta-Scale (VS) and quality of life was assessed using the VEINES-QOL/Sym Questionnaire. Results: 847 patients were retrospectively identified with DVT and 19.7% (167/847) of these presented with IFT. 50.9% (85/167) of the IFT-patients agreed to participate in the prospective registry. The majority of these patients (76.5%: 65/85) presented with left-sided IFT. In 53.8% (35/65) May-Thurner syndrome was suspected. 27.1% (23/85) underwent invasive therapy. Moderate or severe PTS (VS ≥ 10) occurred in 10.6% (9/85). The severity of PTS is correlated with a reduced quality of life (ρ (CI 95%) = −0.63 (−0.76; −0.46); p < 0.01). None of the patients presented with a venous ulcer at any time. A high body mass index was a significant predictor (OR (CI 95%) = 1.18 (1.05; 1.33), p = 0.007) for the development of clinically relevant PTS (VS ≥ 10) and venous claudication. Conclusions: Every fifth patient with DVT presented with an IFT. The majority developed left sided IFT. Every 10th patient developed moderate or severe PTS (VS ≥ 10). A high body mass index was predictive for the development of PTS and venous claudication.
Sex-related differences in human plasma NAD+/NADH levels depend on age
Authors: Schwarzmann Luisa , Pliquett Rainer Ullrich , Simm Andreas , Bartling Babett 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme in metabolic reactions and cosubstrate in signaling pathways of cells. While the intracellular function of NAD is well described, much less is known about its importance as an extracellular molecule. Moreover, there is only little information about the concentration of extracellular NAD and the ratio between its oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) form in humans. Therefore, our study aimed at the analysis of total NAD and NAD+/NADH ratio in human plasma depending on sex and age. First, an enzymatic assay was established for detecting NAD+ and NADH in human plasma samples. Then, plasma NAD was analyzed in 205 probands without severe diseases (91 men, 114 women) being 18–83 years old. The total plasma NAD concentration was determined with median 1.34 µM (0.44–2.88 µM) without difference between men and women. Although the amounts of NAD+ and NADH were nearly balanced, women had higher plasma NAD+/NADH ratios than men (median 1.33 vs. 1.09, P&lt;0.001). The sex-related difference in the plasma NAD+/NADH ratio reduces with increasing age, an effect that was more obvious for two parameters of the biological age (skin autofluorescence, brachial-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV)) than for the chronological age. However, plasma values for total NAD and NAD+/NADH ratio did not generally alter with increasing age. In conclusion, human plasma contains low micromolar concentrations of total NAD with higher NAD+/NADH redox ratios in adult but not older women compared with same-aged men.
Integrative analysis of miRNA–mRNA network in high altitude retinopathy by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Su Tong , Gu Chufeng , Draga Deji , Zhou Chuandi , Lhamo Thashi , Zheng Zhi , Qiu Qinghua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
High-altitude retinopathy (HAR) is an ocular manifestation of acute oxygen deficiency at high altitudes. Although the pathophysiology of HAR has been revealed by many studies in recent years, the molecular mechanism is not yet clear. Our study aimed to systematically identify the genes and microRNA (miRNA) and explore the potential biomarkers associated with HAR by integrated bioinformatics analysis. The mRNA and miRNA expression profiles were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We performed Gene Ontology functional annotations and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. Potential target gene analysis and miRNA–mRNA network analysis were also conducted. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the results of the bioinformatics analysis. Through a series of bioinformatics analyses and experiments, we selected 16 differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) and 157 differentially expressed genes related to acute mountain sickness (AMS) and constructed a miRNA–mRNA network containing 240 relationship pairs. The hub genes were filtered from the protein-protein interaction network: IL7R, FOS, IL10, FCGR2A, DDX3X, CDK1, BCL11B and HNRNPH1, which were all down-regulated in the AMS group. Then, nine up-regulated DE-miRNAs and eight hub genes were verified by qRT-PCR in our hypoxia-induced HAR cell model. The expression of miR-3177-3p, miR-369-3p, miR-603, miR-495, miR-4791, miR-424-5p, FOS, IL10 and IL7R was consistent with our bioinformatics results. In conclusion, FOS, IL10, IL-7R and 7 DE-miRNAs may participate in the development of HAR. Our findings will contribute to the identification of biomarkers and promote the effective prevention and treatment of HAR in the future.
Omeprazole improves chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells by m6A demethylase FTO-mediated activation of mTORC1 and DDIT3 up-regulation
Authors: Feng Shuitu , Qiu Guoqin , Yang Lihong , Feng Lihua , Fan Xin , Ren Fang , Huang Kaida , Chen Yide 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The curative effect for patients with advanced gastric cancer is still unsatisfactory. Proton pump inhibitors could be a promising treatment strategy that could sensitize gastric cancer cells to antitumor drugs further; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be further elucidated. In this research, it was found that omeprazole pretreatment could enhance the inhibitory effect of 5-Fu, DDP and TAX on gastric cancer cells. Interestingly, omeprazole pretreatment enhanced the total m6A level of cells due to the decreased FTO. TCGA analysis showed that FTO expression is up-regulated in GC tissues and is negatively correlated with disease-free survival of GC patients. It was also found that FTO inhibition induced by omeprazole enhanced the activation of mTORC1 signal pathway that inhibited the prosurvival autophagy so as to improve the antitumor efficiency of chemotherapeutic drugs on GC cells. Meanwhile, transcript level of DDIT3, which is an apoptosis-related tumor suppressor gene downstream of mTORC1, was regulated by omeprazole-induced FTO silence through an m6A-dependent mechanism. The present study, for the first time, found that m6A modification and its eraser FTO may play a role in the improvement of chemosensitivity mediated by proton pump inhibitor omeprazole.
Novel insights into plasma biomarker candidates in patients with chronic mountain sickness based on proteomics
Authors: Zhang Peili , Li Zhanquan , Yang Faman , Ji Linhua , Yang Yingzhong , Liu Chuanchuan , Liu Huihui , Ma Jie , Liu Jie , Dang Zhancui , Wang Shengyan , Ge Rili , Cui Sen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a progressive incapacitating syndrome induced by lifelong exposure to hypoxia. In the present study, proteomic analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and then evaluate the potential plasma biomarkers between CMS and non-CMS groups. A total of 145 DEPs were detected in CMS Han Chinese people who live in the plateau (CMS-HPu), among which 89 were significantly up-regulated and 56 were significantly down-regulated. GO enrichment analysis showed that various biological processes were enriched, including the hydrogen peroxide metabolic/catabolic process, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolic, and acute inflammatory response. Protein–protein interaction analysis showed that antioxidant activity, the hydrogen peroxide catabolic process and peroxidase activity were primarily mapped in interaction proteins. Nine modules showed significantly clustering based on WGCNA analysis, with two being the most significant, and GO analysis showed that proteins of both modules were primarily enriched in oxidative stress-related biological processes. Four DEPs increased in CMS patients were evaluated as the candidate biomarkers, and three showed significant AUC: hemoglobin β chain (HB-β), thioredoxin-1 (TRX1), and phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1). The present study provides insights into the pathogenesis of CMS and further evaluates the potentially biomarkers for its prevention and treatment of it.
Thermoelectric performance of Dy/Y co-doped SrTiO3 ceramic composites with submicron A2Ti2O7 (A = Dy, Y) pyrochlore
Authors: Chen Tingting , Wang Hongchao , Su Wenbin , Wang Xue , Mehmood Fahad , Zhang Kaiqi , Huo Taichang , Wang Chunlei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Dy/Y co-doped SrTiO3 ceramic composites with submicron A2Ti2O7 (A = Dy, Y) pyrochlore were in situ synthesized by a solid-state method. The microstructure of the A2Ti2O7 phase and its relationship with the thermoelectric properties of Sr0.9−x
Dy
x
Y0.1TiO3 ceramics are studied. As the Dy content increases, the secondary phase content increases and the grain size slightly decreases from 1.03 to 0.77 μm; meanwhile, the grain size of the main phase also decreases. The highest power factor of 1034.5 μWK−2 m−1 at 569 K has been obtained for the x = 0.08 sample due to comparatively lower electrical resistivity. In addition, the introduction of Dy reduces the thermal conductivity dramatically by decreasing the grain size of the main phase, increasing the number of the second phase and enhancing the scattering of mass fluctuation. In the end, the zT> 0.20 is obtained within the range of size of 0.80–1.03 μm and the mass fraction of 4.91%–13.50% for the second phase. The maximum zT value of 0.22 has been obtained for the x = 0.08 sample with the second phase size and the mass fraction of 0.88 μm and 11.6%, respectively. Thus, heavy element doping and the second phase with the right grain size and proportion can result in high thermoelectric properties for SrTiO3 samples.
A new front-tracking Lagrangian model for the modeling of dynamic and post-dynamic recrystallization
Authors: Florez Sebastian , Alvarado Karen , Bernacki Marc 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A new method for the simulation of evolving multi-domains problems has been introduced in previous works and further developed in parallel in the context of isotropic grain growth (GG) with no consideration for the effects of the stored energy (SE) due to dislocations. The methodology consists in a new front-tracking approach where one of the originality is that not only interfaces between grains are discretized but their bulks are also meshed and topological changes of the domains are driven by selective local remeshing operations performed on the finite element (FE) mesh. In this article, further developments and studies of the model will be presented, mainly on the development of a model taking into account grain boundary migration (GBM) by SE. Further developments for the nucleation of new grains will be presented, allowing to model dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and post-dynamic recrystallization (PDRX) phenomena. The accuracy and the performance of the numerical algorithms have been proven to be very promising in Florez et al (2020). Here the results for multiple test cases will be given in order to validate the accuracy of the model taking into account GG and SE. The computational performance will be evaluated for the DRX and PDRX mechanisms and compared to a classical FE framework using a level-set formulation.
Research on energy consumption of fiber-reinforced fluidic soft actuators
Authors: Shengda Yao , Wang Tao , Zhu Shiqiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Fluidic soft actuators have drawn more and more research interest in recent years, but it is not clear on their behaviors of dynamical energy consumption, which is critical to power system design. To solve this problem, this work develops an analytical model of required energy including elastic potential energy and dissipated energy for fiber-reinforced fluidic soft actuators based on the theory of viscoelasticity. Since the parameters of soft material are difficult to obtain, the key parameters in the model are identified by experimental data and genetic algorithm. To verify the general performance of the developed model, a series of fiber-reinforced fluidic soft actuators with different dimensions are fabricated and tested. The average errors of the experimental value and the predicted value are equal to 0.045 J, 0.003 J, 0.001 J, and 0.011 J, which are less than 15% of the nominal values. The experimental results show that the model can capture the energy characteristics of the soft actuators under various operating conditions with expected accuracy. Finally, the energy consumption of a robotic arm composed of three soft actuators is also evaluated. This work can promote the understanding on the energy requirement of soft robots and provide further reference to the optimization design of power system.
Theory of time delayed genetic oscillations with external noisy regulation
Authors: Negrete Jose , Lengyel Iván M , Rohde Laurel , Desai Ravi A , Oates Andrew C , Jülicher Frank 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present a general theory of noisy genetic oscillators with externally regulated production rate and multiplicative noise. The observables that characterize the genetic oscillator are discussed, and it is shown how their statistics depend on the externally regulated production rate. We show that these observables have generic features that are observed in two different experimental systems: the expression of the circadian clock genes in fibroblasts, and in the transient and oscillatory dynamics of the segmentation clock genes observed in cells disassociated from zebrafish embryos. Our work shows that genetic oscillations with diverse biological contexts can be understood in a common framework based on a delayed negative feedback system, and regulator dynamics.
Impacts of chemical reaction on squeeze flow of MHD Jeffrey fluid in horizontal porous channel with slip condition
Authors: Mat Noor Nur Azlina , Shafie Sharidan , Admon Mohd Ariff 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The present study explores the influences of chemical reaction and viscous dissipation on the hydromagnetic squeeze flow of Jeffrey fluid in channel over porous medium by slip boundary. The nonlinear partial differential equations are converted to the nonlinear ordinary differential equations using dimensionless variables and solved through numerical approach of Keller-box. The results of skin friction coefficient, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are compared with existing results in the journal for validation of the present results. Comparison shows that the numerical outputs are in excellent agreement. Findings indicate that wall shear stress and fluid velocity increase as the plates approaching each other. Also, increment of Hartmann number (from 0.5 to 6.5) and ratio of relaxation and retardation times decrease the velocity, temperature and concentration profile. The effect of viscous dissipation elevates the heat transfer rate and temperature profile. Besides, mass transfer rate drops in convective chemical reaction and opposite impact is noticed in destructive chemical reaction.
How Does Cohabitation Change People’s Attitudes toward Family Dissolution?
Authors: Kreidl Martin , Žilinčíková Zuzana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study if (and how) transitioning into and living in an unmarried cohabitation makes people more accepting of family dissolution. We explore if cohabitation and marriage associate with a different change in attitudes across a set of nine European countries. Using comparative two-wave panel data and within-person attitude change models, we show that time spent in an unmarried cohabitation associates with increased tolerance of divorce at the second interview, net of the transition to cohabitation itself. Cohabitation duration has an effect opposite to the effect of marriage duration. We found little systematic variation in the association between cohabitation and attitude change across countries. We highlight that cohabitation plays a dual role during the Second Demographic Transition: its rise stems from less traditional and more permissive attitudes and values regarding family life. Experience with cohabitation also serves as a catalyst for a value change and further contributes, at the individual level, to a shift toward a less traditional normative standpoint.
Ambulatory prostanoid therapy: safe reduction in duration of inpatient training
Authors: Reddecliffe Sally , Dawson Adele , Coghlan Gerry J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Aims
IV prostanoid therapy for advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension requires lifelong, continuous infusion, and extensive self-care. The inpatient training pathway (ITP) ensures patient competency but can be psychologically and physically demanding. Therefore, an alternative Elective Prostanoid Admission Pathway (EPAP) was developed.
Compare clinical outcomes and patient experiences for patients following the EPAP vs. the ITP.

Methods and results
From 2013, clinically stable patients were trained via the EPAP, which consisted of pre-admission including an outpatient training day, followed by inpatient training. The EPAP patients were followed-up face-to-face/via telephone and could access a Clinical Nurse Specialist-led telephone service between appointments. Very high-risk patients were trained via the ITP, which consisted of pre-therapy counselling and daily ward-based training. Prior to 2013, patients followed the ITP pathway irrespective of clinical status. All were enrolled into the ‘IV buddy’ scheme and retrospectively asked to complete patient experience surveys. Among EPAP (n = 24) and ITP (n = 54) patients, 17% and 33% discontinued therapy, respectively. Among all, frequent challenges to treatment initiation were: dexterity (43%) and body image (27%). Elective Prostanoid Admission Pathway use reduced inpatient stay duration by 8 days per patient and infection rates remained low. Patient experience surveys [n = 17 (EPAP), n = 10 (ITP)] showed equal patient satisfaction between groups, but the incidence of side effects was numerically lower in EPAP patients, who also reported home practice and having access to the ‘IV buddy’ scheme as ‘very useful’ [12/14 (86%) and 10/13 (77%), respectively].

Conclusions
Elective Prostanoid Admission Pathway implementation improved patient outcomes and has the potential for application to other clinical scenarios where patient self-management is required.
Perceived Burden, Focus of Attention, and the Urge to Justify: The Impact of the Number of Screens and Probe Order on the Response Behavior of Probing Questions
Authors: Meitinger Katharina , Toroslu Adrian , Raiber Klara , Braun Michael 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Web probing is a valuable tool to assess the validity and comparability of survey items. It uses different probe types—such as category-selection probes and specific probes—to inquire about different aspects of an item. Previous web probing studies often asked one probe type per item, but research situations exist where it might be preferable to test potentially problematic items with multiple probes. However, the response behavior might be affected by two factors: question order and the visual presentation of probes on one screen versus multiple screens as well as their interaction. In this study, we report evidence from a web experiment that was conducted with 532 respondents from Germany in September 2013. Experimental groups varied by screen number (1 versus 2) and probe order (category-selection probe first versus specific probe first). We assessed the impact of these manipulations on several indicators of response quality, probe answer content, and the respondents’ motivation with logistic regressions and two-way ANOVAs. We reveal that multiple mechanisms push response behavior in this context: perceived response burden, the focus of attention, the need for justification, and verbal context effects. We find that response behavior in the condition with two screens and category-selection probe first outperforms all other experimental conditions. We recommend this implementation in all but one scenario: if the goal is to test an item that includes a key term with a potentially too large lexical scope, we recommend starting with a specific probe but on the same screen as the category-selection probe.