bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetically guided targeted delivery of erythropoietin using magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Nguyen Chanh Trung , Kim Chung Reen , Le Thi Huong , Koo Kyo-in , Hwang Chang Ho 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to demonstrate the targeted delivery of erythropoietin (EPO) using magnetically guided magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs).
MNPs consisting of a ferric–ferrous mixture (FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O) were prepared using a co-precipitation method. The drug delivery system (DDS) was manufactured via the spray-drying technique using a nanospray-dryer. The DDS comprised 7.5 mg sodium alginate, 150 mg MNPs, and 1000 IU EPO.
Scanning electron microscopy revealed DDS particles no more than 500 nm in size. Tiny particles on the rough surfaces of the DDS particles were composed of MNPs and/or EPO, unlike the smooth surfaces of the only alginate particles. Transmission electron microscopy showed the tiny particles from 5 to 20 nm in diameter. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed DDS peaks characteristic of MNPs as well as of alginate. Thermal gravimetric analysis presented that 50% of DDS weight was lost in a single step around 500°C. The mode size of the DDS particles was approximately 850 nm under in vivo conditions. Standard soft lithography was applied to DDS particles prepared with fluorescent beads using a microchannel fabricated to have one inlet and two outlets in a Y-shape. The fluorescent DDS particles reached only one outlet reservoir in the presence of a neodymium magnet. The neurotoxicity was evaluated by treating SH-SY5Y cells in 48-well plates (1 × 105 cells/well) with 2 μL of a solution containing sodium alginate (0.075 mg/mL), MNPs (1.5 mg/mL), or sodium alginate + MNPs. A cell viability assay kit was used to identify a 93% cell viability after MNP treatment and a 94% viability after sodium alginate + MNP treatment, compared with the control. As for the DDS particle neurotoxicity, a 95% cell viability was noticed after alginate-encapsulated MNPs treatment and a 93% cell viability after DDS treatment, compared with the control.
The DDS-EPO construct developed here can be small under in vivo conditions enough to pass through the lung capillaries with showing the high coating efficiency. It can be guided using magnetic control without displaying significant neurotoxicity in the form of solution or particles.
Genetic risk scores based on risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms can reveal inherited risk of bladder cancer in Chinese population
Authors: Xu Chenyang , Lin Xiaoling , Qian Wei , Na Rong , Yu Hongjie , Jia Haifei , Jiang Haowen , Fang Zujun , Zheng S. Lilly , Ding Qiang , Wu Yishuo , Zheng Jie , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with bladder cancer (BCa) risk in Caucasian and East Asian population. The objective of this study was to validate these SNPs in Chinese population and evaluate whether these SNPs could differentiate the individual inherited risk for BCa.
A case-control study including 581 BCa cases and 1561 healthy controls was performed. Germline DNA samples from all individuals were genotyped for eight SNPs. Genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated for each individual based on the odds ratios and risk allele frequencies of five risk-associated SNPs.
Among eight SNPs evaluated in this study, rs798766 at 4p16.3 [OR = 1.39 (1.15–1.67), P < .001], rs9642880 [OR = 1.17 (1.06–1.30), P < .001] and rs4813953 at 20p12.2 [OR = 1.09 (1.02–1.17), P = .016] were found associated with BCa risk in Chinese population. A genetic risk score was established based on five SNPs (including the above three SNPs and two other SNPs which have the consistent direction with previous reported genome-wide association study). The mean GRS was significantly higher in BCa cases than controls (1.22 vs. 1.01, P < .001). When subjects were categorized into low- (<0.8), average- (0.8–1.2), and high-risk (>1.2) groups, the likelihoods of BCa were 25.2%, 33.7% and 55.0%, respectively (P-trend < 2.2 × 10−16). In subgroup analyses, no significant difference was observed in mean GRS among BCa patients with different stages or grades.
In conclusion, two SNPs derived from East Asian and one SNP from Caucasian were associated with BCa risk in Chinese population. These results provided additional information of genetic risks for BCa in Chinese population. Genetic risk score based on these SNPs can reveal inherited risk of BCa, and may have potential for modifying personalized cancer screening strategy.
Postoperative outcomes after total hip arthroplasty in patients with Parkinson disease
Authors: Zhang Yuerong , Xiong Ke , Li Ruizhen , Yang Li 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neuromuscular disease associated with bradykinesia, tremor, and postural instability. We aimed to compare outcomes and complications of total hip arthroplasty (THA) between patients with PD and those without.

Methods:
A single institution retrospective cohort from 2000 to 2018 was reviewed. PD patients were matched 1:2 with non-PD control patients for age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and body mass index using a propensity score matching procedure. The primary outcome measures were postoperative complications and revision between PD and cohort groups. Secondary outcome measures were Harris Hip Score, hip range of motion, patient satisfaction, and surgery time. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the relationship between PD and surgical outcomes in the matched cohort.

Results:
Using prospectively collated data, we identified 35 PD patients after primary THA. A control cohort of 70 primary THA patients was matched.

Conclusion:
Our hypothesis was that PD would have adverse impact on complication rates, range of movement, or improvement in functional outcome after subsequent THA.

Trial registration:
This study protocol was registered in Research Registry (researchregistry5446).
Association of two novel adiposity indicators with visceral fat area in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Liu Junru , Fan Dongmei , Wang Xing , Yin Fuzai 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The present study evaluated the performance of 2 novel adiposity indicators, body shape index (ABSI), and body roundness index (BRI), to determine the accumulation of visceral fat in type 2 diabetic patients.
A cross-sectional study was performed on 233 type 2 diabetic patients from Qinhuangdao, China. Visceral fat area (VFA) was measured using bioelectrical impedance. Accumulation of visceral fat was defined as VFA ≥ 100 cm2.
In diabetic males, the area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.904 for waist circumference (WC), 0.923 for BRI, and 0.788 for ABSI. In diabetic females, the AUC values were 0.894 for WC, 0.915 for BRI, and 0.668 for ABSI. The AUCs were similar between BRI and WC (P > .05). The AUC for ABSI was lower compared to WC and BRI (P < .05). The optimal cut-off for BRI was 4.25 for diabetic males (sensitivity = 87.8% and specificity = 81.1%) and 4.75 for diabetic females (sensitivity = 80.8% and specificity = 88.1%).
BRI was an effective indicator for determining the accumulation of visceral fat in type 2 diabetic patients, however, it was not better compared to WC.
Sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome caused by ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Wang Yan , Lin Shan , Li Chenxi , Shi Yingqing , Guan Wei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a multifactorial disease characterized by recurrent hypopnea or respiratory interruption during sleep, which causes intermittent hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and sleep structure disturbances. An association between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and the type of SAHS has rarely been reported in the literature. Here, we present a case of SAHS in a patient with AS and discuss the possible mechanism underlying the type of SAHS.

Patient concerns:
A 46-year-old man presented with a 15-year history of AS. He had been receiving sulfasalazine for symptomatic relief and had never been on immunosuppressive therapy.

Diagnosis:
The patient was diagnosed with SAHS in addition to AS.

Interventions:
We instituted treatment with methylprednisolone (5 mg, oral, daily), leflumomide (20 mg, oral, daily), bicyclol tablets (25 mg, oral, 3 times a day), and ursodeoxycholic acid tablets (10 mg/kg, oral, daily). The patient received etanercept (50 mg, sc, once a week) as his condition deteriorated. In addition, for management of SAHS symptoms, the patient received nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during sleep.

Outcomes:
Six months after commencement of the treatment, the clinical manifestations of SAHS and AS had significantly improved.

Conclusions:
We hypothesize that patients with AS are prone to sleep apnea due to airway compression, central depression of respiration, abnormal inflammatory responses. Hence, careful assessment toward potential SAHS symptoms should be considered especially in patients with AS.
Relationship between T stage and survival in distantly metastatic esophageal cancer
Authors: Deng Jianqing , Chu Xiangyang , Ren Zhipeng , Wang Bo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To shed light on the interaction between the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T stage and M stage in the determination of the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of esophageal carcinoma patients. Moreover, to confirm our hypothesis that tumors that metastasize to distant sites in the early T stage may reflect a more biologically aggressive disease compared with those that metastasize in more advanced T stages.
We performed a retrospective cohort study with patients who were pathologically diagnosed with esophageal cancer between 2004 and 2014 in the surveillance epidemiology and end results (SEER) database. The primary study variables were the T and M stage, as well as their interaction terms. We performed a survival analysis of the interaction terms using unadjusted Kaplan–Meier methods and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Furthermore, we performed an exploratory analysis with stratification by histological type, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
Data of 19,078 patients were retrieved from the SEER database. Unadjusted Kaplan–Meier curve indicated that patients with T2 and T3 stage had longer median OS and CSS (3 months and 4 months, respectively) than with T1 stage in distantly metastatic esophageal cancer (M1 stage). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant interaction between the T stage and M stage when determining the OS and CSS of esophageal cancer (P < .001). Using T1M0 as a reference, patients with T1M1 had significantly worse OS and CSS than those with T2M1 and T3M1 stage (P < .001). A similar pattern was also observed among patients with EAC and ESCC.
Our analysis suggests that the T1 stage predicts worse survival compared with T2 and T3 stage in distantly metastatic esophageal cancer and might be a surrogate for biologically aggressive disease, indicating that those patients should receive more aggressive treatments. Our findings also encourage researchers to discover new genomic changes in this subset of tumors with the potential to uncover new prognostic markers or drug targets. Further researches on the association between T stage and survival in metastatic esophageal cancer are warranted to validate our findings.
Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms using Rome IV criteria in patients with inactive inflammatory bowel disease and relation with quality of life
Authors: Ozer Muhammet , Bengi Goksel , Colak Rumeysa , Cengiz Ozan , Akpinar Hale 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms tend to be common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients even during the long-standing remission phase, and quality of life (QOL) seem to reduce in IBD patients with such symptoms. Thus, the aim of this study was to define the prevalence of IBS-like symptoms in inactive IBD patients using Rome IV criteria and evaluate the effect of IBS-like symptoms on QOL.
Total 137 patients with IBD (56 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 81 with Crohn disease (CD), who had been in long-standing remission according to the clinical scoring system and 123 control participants were included. These patients completed questionnaires to evaluate IBS-like symptoms according to Rome IV criteria, and the impact of these symptoms on the QOL of inactive IBD patients was compared with and without IBS-like symptoms according to disease-specific inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ).
Depending on our research, IBS-like symptoms were found in 32% (18/56) of patients with inactive UC, 35% (29/81) of patients with inactive CD, and 13.8% (17/123) of control participants (P < .001). The QOL seemed to be significantly lower in both inactive UC and CD patients with IBS-like symptoms than in those without such symptoms (P < .001).
In conclusion, we defined that the prevalence of IBS-like symptoms in IBD patients in remission is 2 to 3 times higher than that in healthy control participants, and significantly lower IBDQ scores showed QOL was reduced in inactive IBD patients with IBS-like symptoms as compared with patients without IBS-like symptoms.
Modified Van Assche magnetic resonance imaging-based score for assessing the clinical status of anal fistulas
Authors: Wang Wei-Guo , Lu Wen-Zhu , Yang Chun-Mei , Yu Ke-Qiang , He Hong-Bo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The modified Van Assche magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based score is a feasible system to assess the clinical status of anal fistulas in Crohn disease. In this study, we evaluated this score's association with clinical status in patients with anal fistulas (AFs).
We included all patients with AF who underwent contrast-enhanced pelvic MRI and surgery between January 2011 and December 2016. The score was evaluated retrospectively preoperatively and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the risk factors for AF recurrence were also performed.
We retrospectively analyzed data for 104 patients. Twelve (11.5%) patients developed AF recurrence. We classified patients’ preoperative clinical status into three grades: 52 (50.0%) grade A, 31 (29.8%) grade B, and 21 (20.2%) grade C. The preoperative MRI-based score was significantly correlated with patients’ preoperative clinical status grade (Pearson correlation: 0.547; P < .001). The 3 preoperative clinical status grades showed significant (F = 23.303, P < .001) tendencies for associations with lower respective MRI-based scores. The incidence of AF recurrence decreased with the MRI-based score to 1-month postoperatively, then gradually increased (F = 60.863, P = .000). Long duration of disease, prior interventions, and high MRI-based score were independent risk factors for AF recurrence.
The MRI-based score objectively assessed the clinical status and disease activity of patients with AFs, with a high score being associated with severe clinical status and long recovery time.
The financial burden of complications following rectal resection
Authors: Johnston Samuel A. , Louis Maleck , Churilov Leonid , Ma Ronald , Marhoon Nada , Bui Andrew , Christophi Christopher , Weinberg Laurence 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To investigate the costs associated with postoperative complications following rectal resection.
Rectal resection is a major surgical procedure that carries a significant risk of complications. The occurrence of complications following surgery has both health and financial consequences. There are very few studies that examine the incidence and severity of complications and their financial implications following rectal resection.
We identified 381 consecutive patients who underwent a rectal resection within a major university hospital. Patients were included using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. Complications in the postoperative period were reported using the validated Clavien-Dindo classification system. Both the number and severity of complications were recorded. Activity-based costing methodology was used to report financial outcomes. Preoperative results were also recorded and assessed.
A 76.9% [95% CI: 68.3:86.2] of patients experienced one or more complications. Patients who had a complication had a median total cost of $22,567 [IQR 16,607:33,641]. Patients who did not have a complication had a median total cost of $15,882 [IQR 12,971:19,861]. The adjusted additional median cost for patients who had a complication was $5308 [95% CI: 2938:7678] (P < .001). Patients who experienced a complication tended to undergo an open procedure (P = .001), were emergent patients (P = .003), preoperatively had lower albumin levels (36 vs 38, P = .0003) and were anemic (P = .001).
Complications following rectal resection are common and are associated with increased costs. Our study highlights the importance of evaluating and preventing complications in the postoperative period.
Therapies for cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Qiuhua , Gao Xiufei , Liu Shan , Yu Linghong , Zhu Jiayan , Qiu Shengliang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of therapies for cognitive impairment on patients’ perceived cognitive function in breast cancer survivors with chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment.

Method:
A literature search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted up to April 2019. Search terms included breast cancer, chemotherapy, and cognitive impairment.

Result:
Six randomized controlled trials with a total of 305 patients were included in this review. A total of 6 randomized controlled trials using various treatments (Tibetan sound meditation, donepezil, memory and attention adaptation training, aerobic exercise, acupuncture, Qigong) for chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment met the eligibility criteria and were included. This review showed that meditative interventions (Tibetan sound meditation, Qigong) and cognitive therapy (memory and attention adaptation training) may partially improve some aspects of patients’ perceived (self-reported) cognitive functioning, particularly patients’ perceived cognitive impairment and ability.

Conclusion:
In this systematic review, the results showed that meditative interventions (Tibetan sound meditation, Qigong) and cognitive therapy (memory and attention adaptation training) may be optional therapies. We hope to have more randomized controlled trials to support this result in the future.
The establishment and evaluation of a new model for the prediction of Children B-ALL based on TARGET
Authors: Gao Xiangyu , Liu Wenjun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
B lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL) is a hematopoietic malignant disease characterized by an accumulation of early B cells. This study aimed to construct a children B-ALL Nomogram prediction model based on Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments database, so as to further guide clinical diagnose and treatment.
Clinical data related to children B-ALL were collected from the TARGET database, among which, the stage II clinical data were used as the prediction model, while the stage I clinical data were utilized as the external verification model. The stage II clinical factors were analyzed through Lasso regression analysis to screen the risk factors for the construction of Nomogram prediction model. In addition, the model prediction capacity and accuracy were verified internally and externally using the ROC curve, C-index and calibration curve, respectively.
A total of 1316 B-ALL children were enrolled in this study. Lasso regression analysis revealed that, Age, Gender, WBC, CNSL, MRD29, BMR, CNS R, BCR-ABL1, BMA29, DS, and DI were the important prognostic risk factors. The C-index values of internal and external verification models were 0.870 and 0.827, respectively, revealing the ideal model discriminating capacity. Besides, the calibration curve had high contact ratio, which suggested favorable consistency between the incidence predicted by the model and the actual incidence. Moreover, the AUC values of the ROC curve were 0.858, 0.787, 0.898, and 0.867, respectively, indicating high model prediction accuracy in predicting the 3- and 5-year survival rates of children with B-ALL.The Nomogram prediction model plotted in this study exhibits favorable prediction capacity and clinical practicability for the survival rate of B-ALL children, which contributes to patients screening and clinical intervention.
Patterns and determinants of short and long birth intervals among women in selected sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Ajayi Anthony Idowu , Somefun Oluwaseyi Dolapo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Optimal birth spacing (defined as a birth spacing of 24–59 months) is incontrovertibly linked to better health outcomes for both mothers and babies. Using the most recent available Demographic and Health Survey data, we examined the patterns and determinants of short and long birth intervals among women in selected sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries.
Reproductive health and sociodemographic data of 98,934 women from 8 SSA countries were analyzed. Unadjusted and adjusted multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the net relationship between all the independent variables and short and long birth intervals.
Overall, the majority of women in all the countries optimally spaced births. However, a significant proportion of women had short birth intervals in Chad (30.2%) and the Democratic Republic of Congo (Congo DRC) (27.1%). Long birth spacing was more common in Eastern and Southern African countries, with Zimbabwe having the highest rate of long term birth interval (27.0%). Women who were aged 35 years and above in Uganda (RRR = 0.72, CI = 0.60–0.87), Tanzania (RRR = 0.62, CI = 0.49–0.77), Zimbabwe (RRR = 0.52, CI = 0.31–0.85), Nigeria (RRR = 0.82, CI = 0.72–0.94) and Togo (RRR = 0.67, CI = 0.46–0.96) had significantly lower odds of having short birth intervals compared to women aged 15–24 years. Older women (above 34 years) had increased odds for long birth intervals in all countries studied (Chad (RRR = 1.44, CI = 1.18–1.76), Congo DRC (RRR = 1.73, CI = 1.33–2.15), Malawi (RRR = 1.54, CI = 1.23–1.94) Zimbabwe (RRR = 1.95, CI = 1.26–3.02), Nigeria (RRR = 1.85 CI = 1.56–2.20), Togo (RRR = 2.12, CI = 1.46–3.07), Uganda (RRR = 1.48, CI = 1.15–1.91), Tanzania RRR = 2.12, CI = 1.53–2.93).
The analysis suggested that the determinants of long and birth intervals differ and varies from country to country. The pattern of birth spacing found in this study appears to mirror the contraceptive use and fertility rate in the selected SSA countries. Birth intervals intervention addressing short birth intervals should target younger women in SSA, especially in Chad and Congo DRC, while intervention for long birth spacing should prioritize older, educated and wealthy women.