bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) by Nurses on Acute Care Units: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Thoele Kelli , Draucker Claire Burke , Newhouse Robin 
Published: October 2020

Background Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence-based intervention for patients with substance use disorders, but this intervention is under-utilized. Little is known about the implementation of SBIRT in acute care facilities. The purpose of this study is to describe implementation of SBIRT by nurses in acute care hospitals. Methods A qualitative descriptive design was used for this study. Registered nurses who agreed to participate in the study completed a 1:1 interview using a semi-structured interview guide. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed and then data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results When implementing SBIRT in an acute care setting, participants identified several factors that affect implementation. Some nurses felt that it is “one more thing to do” but other nurses feel that it was a “good, simple” screening tool that does not take long to do and can “plant the seeds of change” for patients. Additionally, participants mentioned barriers and facilitators related to the patients’ responses to SBIRT and organizational factors. Conclusions This study identified several barriers and facilitators to SBIRT implementation related to the nurses, patients, and organization. By understanding the factors that influence implementation, healthcare providers can develop strategies to support effective implementation of SBIRT.
Patient Acceptance of Naloxone Resulting from Targeted Intervention from Community Pharmacists to Prevent Opioid Misuse and Accidental Overdose
Authors: Skoy Elizabeth , Werremeyer Amy , Steig Jayme , Eukel Heidi , Frenzel Oliver , Strand Mark 
Published: October 2020

Background Community pharmacists are in a unique position to prevent opioid-related deaths through the provision of naloxone. However, for those identified as candidates for take-home naloxone, the acceptance rate remains low. Value would be gained from knowing what patient demographics and pharmacist actions are associated with increased patient acceptance of naloxone. Methods Through a state-wide program, community pharmacists screened all patients receiving an opioid prescription for risk of opioid misuse and/or accidental overdose. Pharmacists prescribed and/or dispensed take-home naloxone to patients at elevated risk. Naloxone acceptance rates were stratified based on risk factors for misuse and overdose to determine which patients are most likely to accept naloxone. Patient acceptance of naloxone and risks were captured electronically. Results Pharmacist-initiated naloxone recommendations based on risk screening resulted in a 5.81% take-home naloxone acceptance rate. Individuals that were taking multiple opioid medications were most likely to accept the naloxone (20.45%). Concurrent disease states or medications (COPD, concurrent anxiety/depression medication, concurrent sleep aid) were associated with a statistically significant increase in the rate of naloxone acceptance. Acceptance of take-home naloxone increased as a patient risk for opioid misuse and/or accidental overdose increased. Conclusion Patient acceptance of naloxone at the community pharmacy level was notably higher compared to national naloxone dispensing rates when pharmacists implemented a patient screening and systematic risk-based approach to identify candidates in need of take-home naloxone.
The Hawking energy on the past lightcone in cosmology
Authors: Stock Dennis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This work studies the Hawking energy in a cosmological context. The past lightcone of a point in spacetime is the natural geometric structure closely linked to cosmological observations. By slicing the past lightcone into a one-parameter family of spacelike two-surfaces, the evolution of the Hawking energy down the lightcone is studied. Strong gravitational fields may generate lightcone self-intersections and wave front singularities. We show that in the presence of swallow-tail type singularities, the Hawking energy and its variation along the null generators of the lightcone remains well-defined and subsequently discuss its positivity and monotonicity.
Moisture’s significant impact on twisted polymer actuation
Authors: Higueras-Ruiz Diego R , Feigenbaum Heidi P , Shafer Michael W 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It was recently shown that inexpensive drawn polymer monofilaments, such as nylon fishing line, can be used to create thermally driven actuators. These actuators are called twisted polymer actuators (TPAs). TPAs can produce linear actuation when they are both twisted and coiled. In this configuration, these actuators are called twisted coiled polymer actuators (TCPAs). These same drawn polymers can be used to create torsional actuation when the precursor monofilament is twisted but still remains straight, known as straight twisted polymer actuators (STPAs), which is also thought to be the elemental unit of TCPAs. The torsional thermal actuation of STPAs is primarily a result of the anisotropic thermal properties of the virgin material (axial thermal contraction and radial thermal expansion), which manifests as linear actuation in the coiled configuration (TCPA). This paper presents two moisture related matters: moisture content impact on the thermal actuation of TPAs and the capability of TPAs to actuate as a function of moisture absorption at room temperature. For the former, we first present moisture dependencies of the axial thermal contraction and axial modulus of the precursor (straight, untwisted) monofilament. This study is conducted because closed-form and finite element models often use the physical properties of the precursor monofilament as inputs to predict the thermal actuation of TPAs. The results show that, both, axial thermal contraction and axial modulus, are strongly dependent on moisture content. Second, we present the experimental thermal actuation for STPAs and TCPAs at different moisture content percentages. We present torsional actuation responses for three different pitch angles STPAs (36, 25, and 15°) at two percentages added moisture by weight (0% and 4%). Similarly, we study the linear thermal actuation of TCPAs under an isotonic tensile load at the above moisture percentages. The results show an increase in actuation for those samples at 4% moisture content of approximately 100% for STPAs at 75 °C and a 50% for TCPAs samples at 100 °C. Finally, we report for the first time, that TPAs can be hygroscopically actuated. Here, we present torsional actuation responses under free torsion conditions for a 36° pitch angle STPA as well as axial contraction of a TCPA under an isotonic tensile load as a function of moisture absorption and show that moisture absorption can cause a similar actuation responses as seen when a thermal load is applied. Like the thermal actuation, we expect this hygroscopic actuation of TPAs is produced by a combination between the swelling that occurs on the precursor monofilament during moisture absorption and its anisotropic nature.
Water balance of the turn-of-the-century drought in the Southwestern United States
Authors: McCabe Gregory J , Wolock David M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Analysis of the water balance of the southwestern United States (SWUS) during 1900 through 2018 was used to evaluate the magnitude of the turn-of-the-century (TOC) drought in the SWUS. Results indicate that the warm season (April through September) soil moisture and runoff during the TOC drought were among the lowest values of the 1900 through 2018 period. Additionally, increases in temperature were identified as a significant driver of low soil moisture and runoff conditions during the warm season. In contrast, during the cool seasons (October through March) and the water year (October 1 through September 30) during the TOC drought, soil moisture and runoff did not indicate extremely dry conditions even though temperatures were the highest of the 1900 through 2018 period.
Mining the gap in long-term residential water and electricity conservation
Authors: Bolorinos Jose , Rajagopal Ram , Ajami Newsha K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Climate change and economic development provide a strong rationale for urban water and electricity conservation. Although behavioral and technological factors link short-term conservation of both resources, their long-term residential consumption trends have diverged across industrialized nations: from 1990 to 2010, per capita water use decreased, while per capita electricity use increased. This long-term ‘conservation gap’ has not generally been examined but it presents an opportunity to better understand what drives persistent residential conservation. Here, we analyze 2002–2012 water and electricity consumption from 38 000 California residences to characterize the conservation gap and its socio-economic determinants. Aggregate per-residence consumption figures show a 19% decline in water use—concentrated in the 2007–2009 drought—and an 8% increase in electricity use—coinciding with early 2000s economic growth. We find no meaningful socio-economic variation in micro-scale consumption trends across the study area but the ‘gap’ tendency is greater in residences with low customer-turnover, suggesting that widespread factors—including the proliferation of consumer electronics and small appliances—drove electricity use increases. Long-term water conservation was also widespread, suggesting that droughts provide immediate, locally-driven conservation imperatives that have been successfully leveraged for long-term water savings.Similar episodes were not generally available to electricity policy makers during the study period, but extreme climate events could drive energy efficiency campaigns in the future.
Integrable generalisations of Dirac magnetic monopole
Authors: Veselov A P , Ye Y 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We classify certain integrable (both classical and quantum) generalisations of Dirac magnetic monopole on topological sphere S
2 with constant magnetic field, completing the previous local results by Ferapontov, Sayles and Veselov. We show that there are two integrable families of such generalisations with integrals, which are quadratic in momenta. The first family corresponds to the classical Clebsch systems, which can be interpreted as Dirac magnetic monopole in harmonic electric field. The second family is new and can be written in terms of elliptic functions on sphere S
2 with very special metrics.
Adaptive glass system: idea development and design
Authors: Bizonova S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to create a concept of a glass system independently reacting to the parameters of the environment in which is located. Autonomous insulation unit is responded to changes of environmental parameters, capable of evaluating mode efficiency with and without the use of selective layers. Parameter specification of individual modes, description of operation is needed. As a result, a construction scheme of the glass system is proposed.
Stress analysis of asphalt mixture in the indirect tensile strength test
Authors: Bokomlaško J , Mandula J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nowadays asphalt mixture is the most used material in the construction and reconstruction of roads. It is used for its advantages, such as availability of materials, flexibility and no need for dilatation. However, the asphalt mixture has one disadvantage, namely temperature sensitivity. At different temperatures it exhibits different physical-mechanical properties. For a better understanding of the physical-mechanical properties of the asphalt mixture, we can use complex rheological models. Complex rheological models can describe the viscoelastic behaviour of the asphalt mixture with a high prediction. Laboratory tests are required to determine input values for complex rheological models. The article is focused on the analysis of asphalt mixture in the indirect tensile strength test and compare with numerical solution.
The treatment and properties of construction waste for subsequent use in cement composites
Authors: Charvát J , Vaclavik V , Dvorsky T , Svoboda J , Macalova K , Gola L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of construction waste treatment for possible replacement of natural aggregates in cement composites. The individual processes of construction waste treatment for the purpose of obtaining the required fractions 0/4 mm, 4/8 mm and 8/16 mm are described. It deals with the so-called recycled aggregate, which will subsequently be used in cement composites as a substitute for natural aggregate. The properties of individual fractions of recycled aggregate are presented, both in terms of composition, density, water absorption and granulometric, mineralogical and elemental composition.
Construction of modular green roof panel
Authors: Hejl M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article is dedicated to make people familiar with process of creating new construction of modular green roof panel. Article also shows creative process of prefabricated panel and all versions of its construction from the first attempts to final ecological modular panel for green roof. Article also describes problems of every version of modular panel which was created, and solutions which were made for final versions of green roof modular panel. Article also shows a final modular panel with its construction and possibility of its use on the roofs. In the article you can also read about tests which will be done in the future for verification of right construction of green roof panels and its behaviour in the real outside conditions.
Coupled heat and moisture transport in building material – water absorption coefficient and capillary water content
Authors: Jaroš P , Vertal’ M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
At present, restoration of historic buildings is a difficult process. The most common problem of historic buildings is increased moisture, because waterproofing is missing and thanks that water can be transported in porous material by capillary forces. There is several simulation software available, which can include many factors such as water transport from the ground, sun radiation, impact of driven rain. Also it includes thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and water vapor diffusion factor, which are depended on content of water. For correct assessment of hygrothermal behaviour of these buildings and find suitable retrofit strategies, hygric and thermal properties are needed. When we want to use simulation software for assessment of hygrothermal behaviour of historic structures, we need to know heat and water transmission parameters of sandstones. In this paper are presented two water transmission parameters and that water absorption coefficient and capillary water content. For the test measurement of these parameters was used clay brick. The water absorption and capillary water content are obtained by experiment of one-dimensional transport water. The results are compared with values of clay brick, which are presented in German material database.
Innovation in construction: trends and obstructions of adoption and implementation
Authors: Klosova D , Kozlovská M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Innovation initiatives are crucial for any industry because their future growth depends on it. Innovative technologies that can have a great impact on the construction industry, such as building information modelling, automation and robotics, augmented reality, virtual reality, simulation, internet of things were reviewed in this article. In spite of that, innovation implementation in the construction sector has generally lagged behind other industry sectors affecting the productivity as well. The governments are aiming to improve this through increasing the level of investments into manufacturing and innovative research in this area. This article reviews the process of adopting innovative technologies and the reasons why there are obstacles to their implementation. It is expected that integration between machines and humans will enhance human capabilities, allowing them to concentrate on more creative and value added, socially important activities in the future. There is also need of changing thinking in order to transfer the results of these technological studies into production in the construction industry.
Fungicidal properties of cement composites based on waste sludge water from concrete plant
Authors: Klus L , Dvorsky T , Svoboda J , Charvat J , Macalova K , Chlebkova L , Václavík V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The present article deals with the fungicidal properties of cement composites based on Waste Sludge Water (WSW) from a concrete plant (CP). The article compares the ability of standard cement composites and cement composites based on WSW to withstand microscopic fungi Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma nereus and Penicillium glabrum. The results of the tests show that the use of WSW as a substitute for pure mixing water in the preparation of cement composites does not have a significant positive or negative effect on the fungicidal properties of the prepared composites.
A batch study of Ni(II) sorption on natural Slovak zeolite
Authors: Kovacova Z , Pla C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The adsorption mechanism of nickel on natural Slovak zeolite, a regional low-cost material, was studied in a batch system. The effect of various initial concentrations of metal ions in the adsorption process was tested. The highest adsorption efficiency (almost 70%) was reached at a concentration of 50 mg/L. The lowest efficiency was determined at a concentration of 350 mg/L (approx. 19%). Sorption data have been interpreted in terms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Freundlich model with regression coefficient 0.83 better fitted for the batch experiments. The change of pH in equilibrium showed to ion-exchange reaction. The conductivity increases in all cases. Due to relatively low efficiency in higher concentration of aquatic solutions, further research and modification of zeolite is needed.
3D printers as part of Construction 4.0 with a focus on transport constructions
Authors: Krupík P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Digital and technological innovations that have grown rapidly in recent years have been referred to as the 4th Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0. The paper comprehensively deals with the description of the 3D printers as part of Construction 4.0 with a focus on transport construction. The aim of the article is description of this issue comprehensively and with the help of SWOT analysis identify weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats with focus on the transport constructions. The content is complemented by an assessment of the current situation, indicating the possibility of use in practice.
Evaluation of microwave drying effects on historical brickwork and modern building materials
Authors: Kvapilová V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
One of the most common reasons for any construction work requirements is an increased humidity of the building. Increased humidity does not affect only buildings with basement, but also buildings without it, which were not properly hydro-isolated or the hydro isolation was damaged due to aging or to adverse environmental effects. Such situations are solved with designing suitable remediation measures, which necessarily includes drying of damp masonry as well. This almost always includes historical buildings, where protection against groundwater was never planned. Such buildings are usually very sensitive to any physical intervention into construction itself and destructive methods of revitalization are very often completely out of the question, therefore it is necessary to develop methods, which can be used particularly for historical buildings. This article focuses on evaluating effects of microwave drying historical brickwork as well as modern building materials. First, the method of microwave drying is described in general, then we cover the experiment, which was performed at the Faculty of Civil Engineering at Brno University of Technology. The experiment was applied on two pillars made of historical brickwork. Those samples were being thoroughly analysed during the drying process and final outcomes were compared to already existing experiments on modern materials. The goal of this work is to find out, if the method of microwave drying is more suitable for described conditions and also to set such process of drying, which would provide the highest effectivity.
Comparison of Mechanical and Adhesive Joints for Structural Glass – A review
Authors: Lavko M , Kvočák V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The presented paper compares types of connections mostly used for glass structures. Two groups are recognised and it is mechanical connections and adhesive joints. Bolted connections are mostly used as it is relatively simply to design and to provide, but to be able to create such a connections holes needs to be drilled in glass panes, which leads to discontinuities in geometry, weakening the glass panes and to creation of local stress peaks in the area where the bolt is inserted. On the other hand, adhesive joints don’t lead to peak stresses as the stress is redistributed along larger area. Huge variety of accessible adhesives enable the joints to be used in almost each conditions. Main disadvantage of adhesives the change in behaviour over time, manly decrease in strength. Also, mechanical properties are influenced by UV radiation, humidity, temperature, etc. The most common adhesives used for structural glass and their performance is shown and discussed in the paper.
Surface runoff as a potential source of pollution
Authors: Marko I , Csicsaiová R , Rozsa G , Stanko Š 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Due to the accelerated development of urbanized areas, the increase of paved and impermeable surfaces, permanent changes in the environment of the city occur. The spatial structure of the city is changing. There are creating significant artificial landscape elements that are not able to absorb rainwater. As a consequence of this unnatural phenomenon in the city was identified a new area pollution source - surface runoff. The formation of surface runoff is affected by several factors. For us, it is important the character of the pollutants in the surface runoff. The paper aims to point out the impact of surface runoff from urbanized areas on the environment. Compare quality parameters of rainwater runoff from different types of paved areas (different types of roof, roadway, car parking). To get acquainted with the legislation covering the area permitted criteria for the content of undesirable substances and the method of their removal.
Adsorption of specific chloroacetanilides on granular activated carbon
Authors: Marton M , Ilavský J , Barloková D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Pesticides, as one of the main monitored micropollutants these days, are monitored and determined even in the drinking water, because of their toxic effect on the living organisms. Presence of these pesticides in the drinking water is undesirable and, therefore, they need to be removed. Chloroacetanilides belong to the group of herbicides, which are commonly used in agriculture. Their complex structure prevents common biological degradation, so more complex processes are needed. One of the most efficient process for their removal is adsorption on activated carbon. In this article adsorption of certain chloroacetanilides from water for two different types of granular activated carbon is presented. Matrix used for dilution of pesticides was drinking water and the efficiency of the removal of pesticides ranged from 5 to 60 % for the specific sorption materials and pesticides. This research has shown that adsorption material Filtrasorb 400 is far more efficient than Norit 1240.