bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A recusa do projeto do engenheiro Rebouças: Tietê, um rio abandonado à própria sorte
Authors: Vilar Dalmo Dippold , Fonseca Filomena Pugliese 
Published: February 2020

Neste artigo apresentamos o projeto do engenheiro José Pereira Rebouças que em 1904 propunha captar as águas do rio Tietê como solução para o problema do abastecimento de água para a cidade de São Paulo. A recusa desse projeto condenou o rio Tietê a ser abandonado a própria sorte. A opção pelos reservatórios da serra da Cantareira se mostrou equivocada e os habitantes de São Paulo continuaram sofrendo com a falta do precioso líquido.
Newly Developed Adult Congenital Heart Disease Anatomic and Physiological Classification: First Predictive Validity Evaluation
Authors: Ombelet Fouke , Goossens Eva , Van De Bruaene Alexander , Budts Werner , Moons Philip 
Published: February 2020

Background
Risk stratification for adults with congenital heart disease is usually based on the anatomic complexity of the patients’ defect. The 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease proposed a new classification scheme, combining anatomic complexity and current physiological stage of the patient. We aimed to investigate the capacity of the Adult Congenital Heart Disease Anatomic and Physiological classification to predict 15‐year mortality.

Methods and Results

Data on 5 classification systems were collected for 629 patients at the outpatient clinic for a previous study. After 15 years, data on mortality were obtained through medical record review. For this assessment, we additionally collected information on physiological state to determine the Adult Congenital Heart Disease Anatomic and Physiological classification. Harrell's concordance statistics index, obtained through a univariate Cox proportional hazards regression, was 0.71 (95%
CI
, 0.63−0.78) for the Adult Congenital Heart Disease Anatomic and Physiological classification. Harrell's concordance statistics index of the congenital heart disease anatomic component only was 0.67 (95%
CI
, 0.60−0.74). The highest Harrell's concordance statistics index was obtained for the anatomic complexity in combination with the Congenital Heart Disease Functional Index (0.79; 95%
CI
, 0.73–0.84).

Conclusions
This first investigation of the Adult Congenital Heart Disease Anatomic and Physiological classification system provides empirical support for adding the physiological component to the anatomic complexity in the prediction of 15‐year cardiac mortality.
APOE-ε4 Genotype and Dementia Before and After Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke
Authors: Pendlebury Sarah T. , Poole Debbie , Burgess Annette , Duerden Julia , Rothwell Peter M. ,   for the Oxford Vascular Study
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose—
APOE-ε4 genotype is a risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer disease and reduced recovery from brain injury. Since data on APOE genotype and dementia associated with transient ischemic attack/stroke are sparse, we determined the associations in a longitudinal population-based cohort.

Methods—
All patients with transient ischemic attack or stroke (2002–2012) in a defined population of 92 728 OxVASC (Oxford Vascular Study) had follow-up to 5-years. Pre-event and incident postevent dementia were ascertained through direct patient assessment and follow-up, supplemented by review of hospital/primary care records. Associations between pre- and post-event dementia and APOE genotype (ε4/ε4-homozygous and ε4/ε3-heterozygous versus ε3/ε3) were examined using logistic regression and Cox regression models, respectively, adjusted for age, sex, education, cerebrovascular burden (stroke severity, prior stroke, white matter disease), diabetes mellitus, and dysphasia.

Results—

Among 1767 genotyped patients (mean/SD age, 73.0/13.0 years, 901 [51%] male, 602 [34%] transient ischemic attack), 1058 (59.9%) were APOE-ε3/ε3, 403 (22.8%) were ε4/ε3 and 30 (1.7%) were ε4-homozygous. Homozygosity was associated with both pre-event (adjusted odds ratio, 5.81 [95% CI, 1.93–17.48];
P
=0.002) and postevent dementia (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.64 [95% CI, 1.90–7.00];
P
<0.0001). Association with postevent dementia was maintained after further adjustment for baseline cognitive impairment (hazard ratio, 2.41 [95% CI, 1.19–4.89];
P
=0.01). There were no associations overall between ε4/ε3 and pre-event dementia (adjusted odds ratio, 1.47 [95% CI, 0.88–2.45];
P
=0.14) or postevent dementia (hazard ratio, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.84–1.48];
P
=0.47).

Conclusions—
In patients with transient ischemic attack and stroke, APOE-ε4 homozygosity was associated with both pre- and post-event dementia. Associations were independent of cerebrovascular burden and may be mediated through increased neurodegenerative pathology or vulnerability to injury.
Mocking the Wasps or the Meaning of Homeric kertomia Again
Authors: Kucharski Janek 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide a new theoretical framework for the understanding of an otherwise controversial Homeric notion: kertomia. So far, all systematic treatments of this term have been based on the model of classical definition, and sought to find a set of essential criteria which would account for all its instances in Homer. Given its very wide application, to phenomena so diverse as gentle, off-record mockery in Il. 24.649-658, and playful teasing of insects in Il. 16.259-265, I argue that such an approach will never do justice to all its Homeric instances. My paper therefore seeks to provide a new way of describing this notion, making use of prototype theory developed by cognitive linguists. I argue that this theoretical framework is capable of accommodating all its diverse meanings without sacrificing the important nuances of any of them.
An Observational Case Study of Synergies between an Intense Heat Wave and the Urban Heat Island in Beijing
Authors: An Ning , Dou Jingjing , González-Cruz Jorge E. , Bornstein Robert D. , Miao Shiguang , Li Lin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe focus of this study is an intense heat episode that occurred on 9–13 July 2017 in Beijing, China, that resulted in severe impacts on natural and human variables, including record-setting daily electricity consumption levels. This event was observed and analyzed with a suite of local and mesoscale instruments, including a high-density automated weather station network, soil moisture sensors, and ground-based vertical instruments (e.g., a wind profiler, a ceilometer, and three radiometers) situated in and around the city, as well as electric power consumption data and analysis data from the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The results show that the heat wave originated from dry adiabatic warming induced by the dynamic downslope and synoptic subsidence. The conditions were aggravated by the increased air humidity during subsequent days, which resulted in historically high records of the heat index (i.e., an index representing the apparent temperature that incorporates both air temperature and moisture). The increased thermal energy and decreased boundary layer height resulted in a highly energized urban boundary layer. The differences between urban and rural thermal conditions throughout almost the entire boundary layer were enhanced during the heat wave, and the canopy-layer urban heat island intensity (UHII) reached up to 8°C at a central urban station at 2300 local standard time 10 July. A double-peak pattern in the diurnal cycle of UHIIs occurred during the heat wave and differed from the single-peak pattern of the decadal average UHII cycles. Different spatial distributions of UHII values occurred during the day and night.
Determining Stationary Periods across Multiple Sensors: An Application to Observed Canopy Turbulence Response to Atmospheric Stability
Authors: Pan Ying , Patton Edward G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA recently proposed multisensor stationarity analysis technique (MSATv1) is improved to eliminate the initial interrogation of time-averaged wind directions, a redundant and potentially biasing procedure for a technique capable of detecting changes in mean wind directions. The new technique, MSATv2, satisfies two basic expectations that are not guaranteed in MSATv1: 1) a nonstationary event should not belong to any stationary interval identified with a given stringency, and 2) nonstationary events identified with an arbitrary stringency should continue to be identified as nonstationary with increasing stringency. These expectations are confirmed by applying MSATv2 to two long periods, during the defoliated phase of the Canopy Horizontal Array Turbulence Study (CHATS), whose durations are determined solely by data availability. MSATv2 successfully determines visually trivial and nontrivial nonstationary transitions, uncovering details of the time evolution of dynamic processes. MSATv2 yields ensemble-average estimates of mean wind speeds and directions with well-controlled and quantifiable uncertainties for atmospheric stability conditions ranging from near neutral to free convection. These results enable interrogation of the observed canopy turbulence response to atmospheric stability in isolation from contamination by spatial variation with position relative to canopy elements. MSATv2 results also reveal the connection between the presence of organized convective structures and variability in mean shear, showing the role of organized convective structures in the observed relationship between the bulk drag coefficient and atmospheric instability.
Digit ratio as a risk factor for muscle dysfunction and acute exacerbation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Jin Jing , Li Guan-Jian , Li Feng-Sen , Wang Jing , Jing Jing , Li Zheng , Xin Xiao-Yi , Zheng Qian , Wang Kun-Ling , Liu Hui-Fang , Tao Si-Ming 
Published: February 2020

Objective This study investigated the correlations of digit ratio (relative length of second and fourth fingers, 2D: 4D) and muscular strength with the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods In total, 164 patients with COPD were enrolled in this prospective study. In all patients, the following parameters were measured: body compartments, pulmonary function, digit ratio (i.e., 2D: 4D), muscle function, and levels of partial pressure of oxygen and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood. Results The right-hand digit ratio (R2D: 4D) was associated with dominant hand muscle dysfunction, non-dominant hand muscle dysfunction, and inspiratory muscle dysfunction. Logistic regression analysis showed that right-hand 2D: 4D (odds ratio [ OR] = 0.01) and dominant hand muscle dysfunction ( OR = 5.60) were significantly associated with past hospital admission. After adjustment for forced expiratory volume in 1 second, the following factors were associated with present acute exacerbations: right-hand 2D: 4D ( OR = 0.01), dominant hand muscle dysfunction ( OR = 3.83), expiratory muscle dysfunction ( OR = 3.80), and inspiratory muscle dysfunction ( OR = 3.61). Conclusions Lower digit ratio may be associated with higher prevalence of muscle dysfunction. This factor could be used to identify patients with COPD who are at higher risk of acute exacerbation.
Research articles on volunteering in biomedical journals: a MEDLINE-based bibliometric analysis
Authors: Cheng Bo-Ren , Chang Hsiao-Ting , Lin Ming-Hwai , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Chou Li-Fang , Hwang Shinn-Jang 
Published: February 2020

Objective Volunteering, an important aspect of society, is a multidisciplinary issue. However, there few are extensive surveys examining the trend and scope of research on volunteering in biomedical areas. Methods Publications indexed with the Medical Subject Headings “volunteers” or “hospital volunteers” were downloaded from MEDLINE. We excluded publications indexed with “healthy volunteers” from the analysis. Results A total 3555 research articles on volunteering were found in 1283 journals, through the end of 2016. The number of publications increased gradually from 1 article in 1953 to 254 articles in 2016. Only 51 journals had published 10 or more articles on this topic. Research articles on volunteering were published in journals with 110 specialties and were most often in journals related to public health, nursing, and health services. The largest proportion of articles was related to psychology. Although 10,853 authors were identified in 3555 articles, only eight authors have published more than 10 research articles on volunteering. Conclusion Research interest in volunteering in biomedical areas has been growing in recent decades, but the total number of publications on volunteering remains relatively small.
Effectiveness of home-based preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients undergoing lung cancer resection
Authors: Rispoli Marco , Salvi Rosario , Cennamo Antonio , Di Natale Davide , Natale Giovanni , Meoli Ilernando , Gioia Maria Rosaria , Esposito Marianna , Nespoli Moana Rossella , De Finis Mario , Buono Salvatore , Corcione Antonio , Lavoretano Sabrina , Bianco Andrea , Fiorelli Alfonso , Curcio Carlo , Perrotta Fabio 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of a home-based preoperative rehabilitation program for improving preoperative lung function and surgical outcome of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing lobectomy for cancer. Methods: This was a prospective, observational, single-center study including 59 patients with mild COPD who underwent lobectomy for lung cancer. All patients attended a home-based preoperative rehabilitation program including a minimum of 3 sessions each week for 4 weeks. Each session included aerobic and anaerobic exercises. Participants recorded the frequency and the duration of exercise performed in a diary. The primary end point was to evaluate changes in lung function including predicted postoperative (PPO) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), 6-minute walking distance test (6MWD), PPO diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) %, and blood gas analysis values before and after the rehabilitation program. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded and multivariable analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors (secondary end point). Results: All patients completed the 4-week rehabilitation program. Thirteen of 59 (22%) patients (Group A) performed <3 sessions per week (mean sessions per week: 2.3±1.3); 46 of 59 (78%) patients (Group B) performed ⩾3 sessions per week (mean sessions per week: 3.5±1.6). The comparison of PPO FEV1% and 6MWD before and after rehabilitation showed a significant improvement only in Group B. No significant changes in PPO DLCO% or in blood gas analysis values were seen. Nine patients presented postoperative pulmonary complications, including atelectasis ( n = 6), pneumonia ( n = 1), respiratory failure ( n = 1), and pulmonary embolism ( n = 1). Group A presented higher number of postoperative pulmonary complications than Group B (6 vs 3; p = 0.0005). Multivariate analysis showed that the number of weekly rehabilitation sessions was the only independent predictive factor ( p = 0.001). Conclusions: Our simple and low-cost rehabilitation program could improve preoperative clinical function in patients with mild to moderate COPD undergoing lobectomy and reduce postoperative pulmonary complications. All patients should be motivated to complete at least 3 rehabilitation sessions per week in order to obtain significant clinical benefits. Our preliminary results should be confirmed by larger prospective studies.
Planning the optimal debris removal of destroyed buildings in the Midan region in the Old City of Mosul
Authors: Al-Jarjees Sarah D. , Al-Ahmady Kossay K. 
Published: February 2020

After the liberation of the Old City in Mosul, the Midan region appears to be the most affected part of the Old City. In the current study, debris of the Midan region was studied in detail by defining the destroyed areas using geographic information systems (GIS), then calculating the volume and weight of the total debris. The ratio of each component of debris (building stones, gypsum and concrete) was also determined during the study. The results showed that the destruction was about 89.47% of the Midan total area. In addition, the study showed that the total volume of the debris in the Midan area is estimated at 0.73 million cubic meters, the residential buildings accounting for about 86.87% of the total volume of the debris. The total weight of debris is estimated at 1.2 million tons, of which 0.91 million tons are the ruins of old building materials (building stones, gypsum). Finally, the optimal route for collecting the debris from the Midan region was found by utilizing ArcGIS network analyst extension, taking into account the archaeological sites in the study area, the proposed collection system assumed to have the benefits of minimizing collection time, distance travelled, man-effort and consequently financial and environmental costs. Total distance and accumulated time were illustrated in a table providing detailed information on the proposed route.
Evaluation of Radiology Reports by the Emergency Department Clinical Providers: A Message to Radiologists
Authors: Abdellatif Waleed , Ding Jeffrey , Hussien Abdelmohsen Radwan , Hussain Ali , Shirzad Shahin , Ryan Max F. , O’Neill Siobhan B. , Forster Bruce B. , Nicolaou Savvas 
Published: February 2020

Objectives: This study is an evaluation of the emergency department (ED) satisfaction with the current radiologic reporting system used at a major Northeastern academic medical center. The radiology reports are the main form of communication and usually the final product of any radiological investigation delivered to clinicians. The aim of this study was to improve current radiology reporting practices and to better tailor reports to match the needs and expectations of ED clinicians. Methods: A 9-question online survey was sent to ED residents, fellows, faculty, and nurse practitioners/advanced practice providers at a major Northeastern academic medical center in the United States. For the open-ended section, coding and emergent theme categorization was conducted for quantification of responses. The survey was designed to evaluate the attitudes toward the structure, style, form, and wording used in reports. Results: The response rate was 48.6% (68/140). The ED respondents were generally satisfied with radiology reports, their language, vocabulary, and clarity. They preferred the impression section to be before the findings in simple examinations and to stratify the reports according to emergency status for complex examinations. They did not like extended differential, hedge terms, and delayed reporting. Additionally, ED respondents recommended focused, fast reporting with considerable changes toward a more standardized report. Conclusions: This evaluation delivered a list of actionable recommendations. The top recommendation is to standardize reporting structure, style, and lexicon, in addition to being focused, timely, and brief.
Homocysteine, Vitamin B12, and Serum and Erythrocyte Folate in Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: De Vecchi Amedeo F. , Bamonti–Catena Fabrizia , Finazzi Silvia , Campolo Jonica , Taioli Emanuela , Novembrino Cristina , Colucci Patrizia , Accinni Roberto , De Franceschi Michela , Fasano Maria Antonietta , Maiolo Anna Teresa 
Published: February 2020

Background Plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. High levels of plasma Hcy have been observed in end-stage renal disease patients. Few studies have compared peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients and few data are available on erythrocyte folate (ery-F) levels in dialysis patients. Objectives To evaluate plasma Hcy concentrations, vitamin B12 (B12), and folate status in dialysis patients; to analyze the possible causes of high Hcy levels; to follow up changes in folate and B12 concentrations after 6 months. Design A cross-sectional observational study. Setting Nephrology division and laboratory of hematology in a university and clinical research hospital. Patients The study included 82 patients treated with PD for 37 ± 37 months and 70 patients treated with HD for 136 ± 95 months. Laboratory Methods Plasma Hcy was measured by the immunoenzymatic IMx Hcy FPIA method (Abbott Laboratories, Diagnostic Division, Abbott Park, IL, U.S.A.), serum folate (s-F) and ery-F by the Stratus folate fluorometric enzyme-linked assay, and B12 by the Stratus vitamin B12 fluorometric enzyme-linked assay (DADE-Behring, Newark, DE, U.S.A.). Results Ninety-six percent of PD and 97% of HD patients had Hcy levels above the cutoff (13.5 μmol/L). Homocysteine level was higher in HD than in PD patients, while the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia was similar with the two techniques. Erythrocyte folate was significantly higher in PD (1333 ± 519 pmol/L) than in HD (1049 ± 511 pmol/L, p < 0.01). Statistically significant correlations were observed between Hcy and B12, s-F, ery-F, and dialysis duration. Multivariate analysis showed a strong correlation between s-F and Hcy. After 6 months there were no differences in Hcy, B12, s-F, and ery-F levels. Conclusions Plasma Hcy levels were high in more than 95% of our dialysis patients, with no relation to the type of dialysis. Vitamin B12 and folate were normal in the majority of our patients. However, serum folate was the major determinant of Hcy levels. Such a relation between Hcy and folate suggests that levels of folate within the reference interval are inadequate for dialysis patients.