bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telemedicine for allergic patients during COVID‐19
Authors: Pattini Stefano , Malizia Velia , Travaglini Alessandro , Brighetti Maria Antonia , Della Giustina Auro , Sfika Ifigenia , Di Menno Di Bucchianico Alessandro , Tripodi Salvatore 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the last few years, we have witnessed an important development in the medical field of both Mobile Health, such as the use of mobile communication devices, and other telemedicine tools in general, in order to support the surveillance of diseases from the moment of the first diagnosis to the therapeutic follow‐up. Long before COVID‐19, some authors had analyzed various possible evidence‐based scenarios and had indicated how the use of telemedicine could prove to be extremely useful in epidemic situations, especially for the management of chronic patients, such as immune‐allergic ones, who are notoriously in greater need of regular follow‐up; however, as expected, the advent of the COVID‐19 pandemic has amplified the differences between various countries, from the point of view of the propensity to use technological solutions in the health sector. The hope is that one positive outcome of the ongoing pandemic is that it will lead to an acceleration, by all the stakeholders involved, of the process of modernization of health care.
Human microbiome and allergy
Authors: Montecchiani Vittoria , Fanos Vassilios 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHuman microbiome contributes to critical functions that impact health and disease. It influences the development of the immune system, and the pathogenesis of immunological disorders included allergy. While it is easy to understand how airway microbiome, influencing local inflammation and immune activity, could contribute to shaping asthma phenotype, it is not so obvious to understand the influence by the gut microbiome, but there is growing evidence about it. The increase of allergic disorders in western countries led to investigate the role environment is playing and how it may change our microbiome and immune system, with the hope of finding new preventive approaches for allergy.
Gastrointestinal involvement in children with SARS‐COV‐2 infection: An overview for the pediatrician
Authors: Chiappini Elena , Licari Amelia , Motisi Marco Antonio , Manti Sara , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Galli Luisa , Lionetti Paolo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal symptoms are common findings in children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Diarrhea and vomiting have been reported in about 8%‐9% of cases, reaching more than 20% in some studies. Children with gastrointestinal involvement appear to be younger than those without, but the severity of the disease seems to be similar between the two groups of subjects. Fecal shedding in children has been reported in 20%‐30% of children and has been observed in both those with and those without overt gastrointestinal involvement. Moreover, prolonged fecal elimination, lasting several days after negativization of real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay on respiratory swabs, has been reported with variable frequency in children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. These observations raise the question regarding the possibility of oral‐fecal transmission and the possible role of children in spreading the infection, particularly when they appear asymptomatic or with gastrointestinal symptoms but with no respiratory involvement, as well as during their convalescent phase.
Modification of starch composition, structure and properties through editing of TaSBEIIa in both winter and spring wheat varieties by CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Li Jingying , Jiao Guiai , Sun Yongwei , Chen Jun , Zhong Yingxin , Yan Lei , Jiang Dong , Ma Youzhi , Xia Lanqin 
Published: November 2020

SummaryFoods high in amylose content and resistant starch (RS) offer great potential to improve human health and lower the risk of serious noninfectious diseases. Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple food crop globally. However, the RS contents in the grains of modern wheat varieties are low. Here, we report the generation of high‐amylose wheat through targeted mutagenesis of TaSBEIIa in a modern winter wheat cv Zhengmai 7698 (ZM) and a spring wheat cv Bobwhite by CRISPR/Cas9, respectively. We generated a series of transgene‐free mutant lines either with partial or triple‐null TasbeIIa alleles in ZM and Bobwhite, respectively. Analyses of starch composition, structure and properties revealed that the effects of partial or triple‐null alleles were dosage dependent with triple‐null lines demonstrated more profound impacts on starch composition, fine structures of amylopectin and physiochemical and nutritional properties. The flours of triple‐null lines possessed significantly increased amylose, RS, protein and soluble pentosan contents which benefit human health. Baking quality analyses indicated that the high‐amylose flours may be used as additives or for making cookies. Collectively, we successfully modified the starch composition, structure and properties through targeted mutagenesis of TaSBEIIa by CRISPR/Cas9 in both winter and spring wheat varieties and generated transgene‐free high‐amylose wheat. Our finding provides deep insights on the role of TaSBEIIa in determining starch composition, structure, properties and end‐use quality in different genetic backgrounds and improving RS content with multiple breeding and end‐use applications in cereal crop species through genome editing for health benefits.
Multifocal giant apocrine cystadenomas in a miniature poodle
Authors: Tse Anne Ching‐nga , Sandy Jeanine 
Published: November 2020

Apocrine cystadenomas have rarely been reported in dogs. Herein, a dog with multiple, large (1.0–7.0 cm) fluctuant and cystic skin masses on the right pelvic limb and chest is described. Histopathological evaluation revealed cystic cavities lined by single to multiple layers of apocrine epithelium with papillary projections, consistent with apocrine cystadenoma.
Phylogeny of Neobursaridium reshapes the systematics of Paramecium (Oligohymenophorea, Ciliophora)
Authors: Serra Valentina , Fokin Sergei I. , Gammuto Leandro , Nitla Venkatamahesh , Castelli Michele , Basuri Charan Kumar , Satyaveni Adireddy , Sandeep Bhagavatula Venkata , Modeo Letizia , Petroni Giulio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe subclass Peniculia (Oligohymenophorea, Intramacronucleata) is one of the most known groups of the phylum Ciliophora, being composed by very notorious representatives, such as Paramecium and Frontonia. Nevertheless, phylogenetic relationships among genera within this subclass are still far from being resolved. Moreover, for several members of the group the characterization by molecular markers is still lacking, such as for Wenrichia, Clathrostoma, Paraclathrostoma, Didieria and, to date, also for Neobursaridium. The finding of one strain of Neobursaridium gigas from India led to the first molecular characterization of this uncommonly sampled ciliate. The 18S rDNA sequence and the COI sequence were obtained and used for phylogenetic analyses. Moreover, the partial mitochondrial genome of N. gigas was sequenced, annotated and employed for phylogenomics analysis. To increase the sampling effort for the Paramecium clade, several newly obtained 18S rDNA sequences of parameciids are herein presented. Unexpectedly, the inclusion of N. gigas's molecular data in phylogenetics/phylogenomics analyses did not help to solve the complex evolution relationships inside Peniculia. Conversely, it raised new and intriguing questions about Paramecium phylogeny, since N. gigas clustered inside Paramecium clade as sister species of Paramecium bursaria in all the performed analyses. A critical revision of past and present data led to rename N. gigas as Paramecium gigas (Balech, 1941) comb. nov., and triggered the revision of genus Paramecium, with the proposal of the new subgenus Gigaparamecium subgen. nov. Hypotheses on the evolution of giant morphologies in ciliates are also discussed.
Safety and tolerability of topical polyhexamethylene biguanide: a randomised clinical trial in healthy adult volunteers
Authors: Papa Vincenzo , van der Meulen Ivanka , Rottey Sylvie , Sallet Guy , Overweel Jolanda , Asero Nino , Minassian Darwin C , Dart John K G 
Published: November 2020

Background and AimsPolyhexamethyl biguanide (PHMB), a widely used topical treatment for Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), is unlicensed with no formal safety assessment. This study evaluated its safety and tolerability.MethodsA prospective, randomised, double-masked controlled trial in 90 healthy volunteers. Subjects were treated with topical 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08% PHMB or placebo (vehicle) 12× daily for 7 days, then 6× daily for 7 days. The rates of dose-limiting adverse events (DLAEs) leading to interruption of dosing, mild adverse events (AEs) (not dose limiting) and incidental AEs (unrelated to treatment) were compared. The primary outcome was the difference between treatments for DLAE rates.Results5/90 subjects developed DLAE within <1–4 days of starting treatment; 2/5 using PHMB 0.06% and 3/5 PHMB 0.08%. These resolved within 1–15 days. There were no significant differences in DLAE between treatment groups. Mild AEs occurred in 48/90 subjects (including placebo). There was no trend for an increased incidence of any AE with increasing concentrations of PHMB, except for corneal punctate keratopathy with PHMB 0.08%, which fully resolved within 7–14 days.ConclusionThese findings are reassuring for PHMB 0.02% users. They also suggest that higher PHMB concentrations may show acceptable levels of tolerance and toxicity in AK subjects, whose susceptibility to AE may be greater than for the normal eyes in this study. Given the potential benefits of higher PHMB concentrations for treating deep stromal invasion in AK, we think that the use of PHMB 0.08% is justified in treatment trials.Trial registration numberNCT02506257.
Treatment interventions to maintain abstinence from alcohol in primary care: systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Hung-Yuan , McGuinness Luke A , Elbers Roy G , MacArthur Georgina J , Taylor Abigail , McAleenan Alexandra , Dawson Sarah , López-López José A , Higgins Julian P T , Cowlishaw Sean , Lingford-Hughes Anne , Hickman Matthew , Kessler David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the most effective interventions in recently detoxified, alcohol dependent patients for implementation in primary care.DesignSystematic review and network meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.Study selectionRandomised controlled trials comparing two or more interventions that could be used in primary care. The population was patients with alcohol dependency diagnosed by standardised clinical tools and who became detoxified within four weeks.Data extractionOutcomes of interest were continuous abstinence from alcohol (effectiveness) and all cause dropouts (as a proxy for acceptability) at least 12 weeks after start of intervention.Results64 trials (43 interventions) were included. The median probability of abstinence across placebo arms was 25%. Compared with placebo, the only intervention associated with increased probability of abstinence and moderate certainty evidence was acamprosate (odds ratio 1.86, 95% confidence interval 1.49 to 2.33, corresponding to an absolute probability of 38%). Of the 62 included trials that reported all cause dropouts, interventions associated with a reduced number of dropouts compared with placebo (probability 50%) and moderate certainty of evidence were acamprosate (0.73, 0.62 to 0.86; 42%), naltrexone (0.70, 0.50 to 0.98; 41%), and acamprosate-naltrexone (0.30, 0.13 to 0.67; 17%). Acamprosate was the only intervention associated with moderate confidence in the evidence of effectiveness and acceptability up to 12 months. It is uncertain whether other interventions can help maintain abstinence and reduce dropouts because of low confidence in the evidence.ConclusionsEvidence is lacking for benefit from interventions that could be implemented in primary care settings for alcohol abstinence, other than for acamprosate. More evidence from high quality randomised controlled trials is needed, as are strategies using combined interventions (combinations of drug interventions or drug and psychosocial interventions) to improve treatment of alcohol dependency in primary care.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42016049779.
Changes in meibum composition following plaque bachytherapy for choroidal melanoma
Authors: Ramasubramanian Aparna , Ahmed Simra Fatima , Borchman Douglas 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesDry eye is common when external beam radiation is used for the treatment of choroidal melanoma (CM). As meibum structure and composition have been related to dry eye, we determined if plaque bachytherapy for CM alters meibum composition.Design1H-NMR spectroscopy was used to measure the lipid composition of meibum.SettingThe University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA.ParticipantsAll 13 participants had CM and one participant had iris melanoma.Main outcome measuresCholesteryl ester (CE) to wax ester (WE) ratio, amount of meibum esters (ME) and meibum lipid saturation were measured.ResultsME decreased by 80%±18% (±99% CI) in 11 eyes that were treated compared with the contralateral untreated eye. ME increased by 181% in two eyes that were treated compared with the contralateral untreated eye. The mole % CE/WE for meibum was significantly (p<0.0001) 67% lower in eyes that were irradiated compared with control eyes from donors without CM and were not treated. Plaque brachytherapy induced the de-esterification of CE. The intensity of the meibumcisdouble bond resonances did not change significantly (p>0.05).ConclusionEyes that had plaque brachytherapy had a lower amount of expressible meibum and a lower CE/WE ratio compared with meibum from the contralateral eye that received no treatment and eyes that did not have uveal melanoma. Both the quality and quantity of meibum should be considered in designing a therapy for dry eye after plaque brachytherapy.
Moving singing for lung health online in response to COVID-19: experience from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Philip Keir EJ , Lewis Adam , Jeffery Edmund , Buttery Sara , Cave Phoene , Cristiano Daniele , Lound Adam , Taylor Karen , Man William D-C , Fancourt Daisy , Polkey Michael I , Hopkinson Nicholas S 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionSinging for lung health (SLH) is a popular arts-in-health activity for people with long-term respiratory conditions. Participants report biopsychosocial benefits, however, research on impact is limited. The ‘SLH: Improving Experiences of Lung Disease trial’, a randomised controlled, single (assessor) blind, trial of 12 weeks SLH versus usual care for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n=120) was setup to help to address this. The first group (n=18, nine singing and nine controls) started face-to-face (five sessions) before changing to online delivery (seven sessions) due to COVID-19-related physical distancing measures. As such, the experience of this group is here reported as a pilot study to inform further research in this area.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews and thematic analysis regarding barriers, facilitators and key considerations for transitioning from face-to-face to online delivery. Pilot quantitative outcomes include attendance, premeasures and postmeasures of quality of life and disease impact (Short Form 36 Health Survey, COPD Assessment Test score), breathlessness (Medical Research Council breathlessness scale, Dyspnoea-12), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9), anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7), balance confidence (Activity specific Balance Confidence, ABC scale) and physical activity (clinical visit PROactive physical activity in COPD tool, combining subjective rating and actigraphy).ResultsAttendance was 69% overall, (90% of the face-to-face sessions, 53% online sessions). Analysis of semistructured interviews identified three themes regarding participation in SLH delivered face to face and online, these where (1) perceived benefits; (2) digital barriers (online) and (3) digital facilitators (online). Findings were summarised into key considerations for optimising transitioning singing groups from face-to-face to online delivery. Pilot quantitative data suggested possible improvements in depression (treatment effect −4.78 PHQ-9 points, p<0.05, MCID 5) and balance confidence (treatment effect +17.21 ABC scale points, p=0.04, MCID 14.2).DiscussionThis study identifies key considerations regarding the adaptation of SLH from face-to-face to online delivery. Pilot data suggest online group singing for people with COPD may deliver benefits related to reducing depression and improved balance confidence.
Synergistic effects of emergency physician empathy and burnout on patient satisfaction: a prospective observational study
Authors: Byrd Jennifer , Knowles Heidi , Moore Sephonie , Acker Victoria , Bell Sarah , Alanis Naomi , Zhou Yuan , d'Etienne James P , Kline Jeffrey A , Wang Hao 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundPhysician empathy and burnout have been shown to be independently associated with patient satisfaction. However, their correlations were uncertain in previous studies. We aimed to determine correlations among empathy, burnout, and patient satisfaction, and further analyse interactions among these factors.MethodA single centre prospective observational study was conducted from December 2018 to August 2019 at JPS Health Network, USA. Emergency physician (EP) self-assessed empathy and burnout were measured by the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) separately. We assessed patient perception of physician empathy and patient satisfaction with their treating physician by the Jefferson Scale of Patient Perception of Physician Empathy and a patient assessed satisfaction survey. Spearman’s correlation was used to determine associations among JSE, patient assessed physician empathy, CBI and patient satisfaction. Additionally, JSE, patient assessed physician empathy and CBI predictive of patient satisfaction were measured by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 28 EPs and 423 patients were enrolled. Patient satisfaction had a weak correlation with JSE (ρ=0.11) but showed a strong correlation with patient assessed physician empathy (ρ=0.60). CBI showed no correlation with patient satisfaction (ρ<0.1). However, when JSE, patient assessed physician empathy and CBI were analysed together in relation to patient satisfaction, adjusted odds ratios (AOR) was 3.85 (95% CI 1.36 to 10.88) with high patient assessed physician empathy alone; AOR was 7.17 (2.62–19.67) when high patient assessed physician empathy was combined with low CBI; and AOR was 8.37 (3.07–22.83) when high patient assessed physician empathy, low CBI and high JSE were combined.ConclusionPatient assessed physician empathy had a strong positive correlation with patient satisfaction. Moreover, higher patient satisfaction was achieved from EPs of high patient assessed physician empathy, low CBI and high JSE, indicating a positive synergistic effect. These findings suggest different interventions might be applied to EPs of different wellness features to maximise patient satisfaction.
Bilateral proximal tibial epiphysiodesis for management of bilateral partial avulsion fracture of the origin of the cranial cruciate ligaments in a dog
Authors: Field Elinor Jo , Langley‐Hobbs Sorrel J 
Published: November 2020

A five‐month‐old labrador retriever presented with intermittent pelvic limb lameness. Radiography and CT demonstrated bilateral stifle effusions and bony defects in the caudodistal aspect of the femoral condyles. Stifle arthroscopy confirmed bilateral partial avulsion of the cranial cruciate ligaments from their origin. Epiphysiodesis was performed under fluoroscopic guidance by placement of a 4.0 mm cancellous screw in the cranial aspect of the proximal tibial physis. Radiographs performed at 6, 7, 9 and 18 months of age showed a reduction in the tibial plateau angle from 23° to 6° in the right and from 33° to 10° in the left. Bilateral tibial valgus did develop, but this was not clinically significant, and from 10 weeks postsurgery, on visual assessment, the dog was not lame. Proximal tibial epiphysiodesis was an effective treatment to dynamically reduce the tibial plateau angle in a dog with bilateral partial avulsion of the cranial cruciate ligaments.
Carboniferous isotope stratigraphy
Authors: Chen Jitao , Chen Bo , Montañez Isabel P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

We present an updated set of Carboniferous Sr, C and O isotope stratigraphies based on the existing literature, given the importance of chemostratigraphy for stratigraphic correlation in the Carboniferous. The Carboniferous
87
Sr/
86
Sr record, constructed using brachiopods and conodonts, exhibits five first-order phases beginning with a rapid decline from a peak value of
c.
0.70840 at the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary to a trough (0.70776–0.70771) in the Visean followed by a rise to a plateau (
c.
0.70827) in the upper Bashkirian. A decline to
c.
0.70804 follows from the lowermost Gzhelian to the close of the Carboniferous. Contemporaneous carbonate δ
13
C records exhibit considerable variability between materials analysed and by region, although pronounced excursions (e.g. the mid-Tournaisian positive excursion and the end-Kasimovian negative excursion) are present in most records. Bulk carbonate δ
13
C records from South China and Europe, however, are generally consistent with those of brachiopod calcite from North America in terms of both absolute values and trends. Both brachiopod calcite and conodont phosphate δ
18
O document large regional variability, confirming that Carboniferous δ
18
O records are invalid for precise stratigraphic correlation. Nevertheless, significant positive δ
18
O shifts in certain intervals (e.g. mid-Tournaisian and the Mississippian–Pennsylvanian transition) can be used for global correlation.