bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Re-Examination of Various Resonances in Parametrically Excited Systems1
Authors: Sharma Ashu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The dynamics of parametrically excited systems are characterized by distinct types of resonances including parametric, combination, and internal. Existing resonance conditions for these instability phenomena involve natural frequencies and thus are valid when the amplitude of the parametric excitation term is zero or close to zero. In this paper, various types of resonances in parametrically excited systems are revisited and new resonance conditions are developed such that the new conditions are valid in the entire parametric space, unlike existing conditions. This is achieved by expressing resonance conditions in terms of “true characteristic exponents” which are defined using characteristic exponents and their non-uniqueness property. Since different types of resonances may arise depending upon the class of parametrically excited systems, the present study has categorized such systems into four classes: linear systems with parametric excitation, linear systems with combined parametric and external excitations, nonlinear systems with parametric excitation, and nonlinear systems with combined parametric and external excitations. Each class is investigated separately for different types of resonances, and examples are provided to establish the proof of concept. Resonances in linear systems with parametric excitation are examined using the Lyapunov–Poincaré theorem, whereas Lyapunov–Floquet transformation is utilized to generate a resonance condition for linear systems with combined excitations. In the case of nonlinear parametrically excited systems, nonlinear techniques such as “time-dependent normal forms” and “order reduction using invariant manifolds” are employed to express various resonance conditions. It is found that the forms of new resonance conditions obtained in terms of ‘true characteristic exponents’ are similar to the forms of existing resonance conditions that involve natural frequencies.
Assessment of assumptions of statistical analysis methods in randomised clinical trials: the what and how
Authors: Nørskov Anders Kehlet , Lange Theis , Nielsen Emil Eik , Gluud Christian , Winkel Per , Beyersmann Jan , de Uña-Álvarez Jacobo , Torri Valter , Billot Laurent , Putter Hein , Wetterslev Jørn , Thabane Lehana , Jakobsen Janus Christian 
Published: January 2020

When analysing and presenting results of randomised clinical trials, trialists rarely report if or how underlying statistical assumptions were validated. To avoid data-driven biased trial results, it should be common practice to prospectively describe the assessments of underlying assumptions. In existing literature, there is no consensus on how trialists should assess and report underlying assumptions for the analyses of randomised clinical trials. With this study, we developed suggestions on how to test and validate underlying assumptions behind logistic regression, linear regression, and Cox regression when analysing results of randomised clinical trials.Two investigators compiled an initial draftbased on a review of the literature. Experienced statisticians and trialists from eight different research centres and trial units then participated in a anonymised consensus process, where we reached agreement on the suggestions presented in this paper.This paper provides detailed suggestions on 1) which underlying statistical assumptions behind logistic regression, multiple linear regression and Cox regression each should be assessed; 2) how these underlying assumptions may be assessed; and 3) what to do if these assumptions are violated.We believe that the validity of randomised clinical trial results will increase if our recommendations for assessing and dealing with violations of the underlying statistical assumptions are followed.
Intimate partner violence in 46 low-income and middle-income countries: an appraisal of the most vulnerable groups of women using national health surveys
Authors: Coll Carolina V N , Ewerling Fernanda , García-Moreno Claudia , Hellwig Franciele , Barros Aluisio J D 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionIntimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a critical public health issue that transcends social and economic boundaries and considered to be a major obstacle to the progress towards the 2030 women, children and adolescents’ health goals in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Standardised IPV measures have been increasingly incorporated into Demographic and Health Surveys carried out in LMICs. Routine reporting and disaggregated analyses at country level are essential to identify populational subgroups that are particularly vulnerable to IPV exposure.MethodsWe examined data from 46 countries with surveys carried out between 2010 and 2017 to assess the prevalence and inequalities in recent psychological, physical and sexual IPV among ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years. Inequalities were assessed by disaggregating the data according to household wealth, women’s age, women’s empowerment level, polygyny status of the relationship and area of residence.ResultsNational levels of reported IPV varied widely across countries—from less than 5% in Armenia and Comoros to more than 40% in Afghanistan. Huge inequalities within countries were also observed. Generally, richer and more empowered women reported less IPV, as well as those whose partners had no cowives. Different patterns across countries were observed according to women’s age and area of residence but in most cases younger women and those living in rural areas tend to be more exposed to IPV.ConclusionThe present study advances the current knowledge by providing a global panorama of the prevalence of different forms of IPV across LMICs, helping the identification of the most vulnerable groups of women and for future monitoring of leaving no one behind towards achieving the elimination of all forms of violence among women and girls.
Women, children and adolescents in conflict countries: an assessment of inequalities in intervention coverage and survival
Authors: Akseer Nadia , Wright James , Tasic Hana , Everett Karl , Scudder Elaine , Amsalu Ribka , Boerma Ties , Bendavid Eran , Kamali Mahdis , Barros Aluisio J D , da Silva Inácio Crochemore Mohnsam , Bhutta Zulfiqar Ahmed 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionConflict adversely impacts health and health systems, yet its effect on health inequalities, particularly for women and children, has not been systematically studied. We examined wealth, education and urban/rural residence inequalities for child mortality and essential reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health interventions between conflict and non-conflict low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsWe carried out a time-series multicountry ecological study using data for 137 LMICs between 1990 and 2017, as defined by the 2019 World Bank classification. The data set covers approximately 3.8 million surveyed mothers (15–49 years) and 1.1 million children under 5 years including newborns (<1 month), young children (1–59 months) and school-aged children and adolescents (5–14 years). Outcomes include annual maternal and child mortality rates and coverage (%) of family planning services, 1+antenatal care visit, skilled attendant at birth (SBA), exclusive breast feeding (0–5 months), early initiation of breast feeding (within 1 hour), neonatal protection against tetanus, newborn postnatal care within 2 days, 3 doses of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine, measles vaccination, and careseeking for pneumonia and diarrhoea.ResultsConflict countries had consistently higher maternal and child mortality rates than non-conflict countries since 1990 and these gaps persist despite rates continually declining for both groups. Access to essential reproductive and maternal health services for poorer, less educated and rural-based families was several folds worse in conflict versus non-conflict countries.ConclusionsInequalities in coverage of reproductive/maternal health and child vaccine interventions are significantly worse in conflict-affected countries. Efforts to protect maternal and child health interventions in conflict settings should target the most disadvantaged families including the poorest, least educated and those living in rural areas.
A multidisciplinary approach to mental illness: do inflammation, telomere length and microbiota form a loop? A protocol for a cross-sectional study on the complex relationship between inflammation, telomere length, gut microbiota and psychiatric disorders
Authors: Manchia Mirko , Paribello Pasquale , Arzedi Carlo , Bocchetta Alberto , Caria Paola , Cocco Cristina , Congiu Donatella , Cossu Eleonora , Dettori Tinuccia , Frau Daniela V , Garzilli Mario , Manca Elias , Meloni Anna , Montis Maria A , Mura Andrea , Nieddu Mariella , Noli Barbara , Pinna Federica , Pisanu Claudia , Robledo Renato , Severino Giovanni , Sogos Valeria , Chillotti Caterina , Carpiniello Bernardo , Del Zompo Maria , Ferri Gian Luca , Vanni Roberta , Squassina Alessio 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionSevere psychiatric disorders are typically associated with a significant reduction in life expectancy compared with the general population. Among the different hypotheses formulated to explain this observation, accelerated ageing has been increasingly recognised as the main culprit. At the same time, telomere shortening is becoming widely accepted as a proxy molecular marker of ageing. The present study aims to fill a gap in the literature by better defining the complex interaction/s between inflammation, age-related comorbidities, telomere shortening and gut microbiota in psychiatric disorders.Methods and analysisA cross-sectional study is proposed, recruiting 40 patients for each of three different diagnostic categories (bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and major depressive disorder) treated at the Section of Psychiatry and at the Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital Agency of Cagliari (Italy), compared with 40 age-matched and sex-matched non-psychiatric controls. Each group includes individuals suffering, or not, from age-related comorbidities, to account for the impact of these medical conditions on the biological make-up of recruited patients. The inflammatory state, microbiota composition and telomere length (TL) are assessed.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Agency of Cagliari (PG/2018/11693, 5 September 2018). The study is conducted in accordance with the principles of good clinical practice and the Declaration of Helsinki, and in compliance with the relevant Italian national legislation. Written, informed consent is obtained from all participants. Participation in the study is on a voluntary basis only. Patients will be part of the dissemination phase of the study results, during which a local conference will be organised and families of patients will also be involved. Moreover, findings will be published in one or more research papers and presented at national and international conferences, in posters or oral communications.
Pharmacodynamics effects of CDK4/6 inhibitor LEE011 (ribociclib) in high-risk, localised prostate cancer: a study protocol for a randomised controlled phase II trial (LEEP study: LEE011 in high-risk, localised Prostate cancer)
Authors: Scheinberg Tahlia , Kench James , Stockler Martin , Mahon Kate L , Sebastian Lucille , Stricker Phillip , Joshua Anthony M , Woo H , Thanigasalam Ruban , Ahmadi Nariman , Centenera Margaret M , Butler Lisa M , Horvath Lisa G 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionDespite the development of new therapies for advanced prostate cancer, it remains the most common cause of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. It is critical to develop novel agents for the treatment of prostate cancer, particularly those that target aspects of androgen receptor (AR) signalling or prostate biology other than inhibition of androgen synthesis or AR binding. Neoadjuvant pharmacodynamic studies allow for a rational approach to the decisions regarding which targeted therapies should progress to phase II/III trials. CDK4/6 inhibitors have evidence of efficacy in breast cancer, and have been shown to have activity in preclinical models of hormone sensitive and castrate resistant prostate cancer. The LEEP trial aims to assess the pharmacodynamic effects of LEE011 (ribociclib), an orally bioavailable and highly selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, in men undergoing radical prostatectomy for high-risk, localised prostate cancer.Methods and analysisThe multicentre randomised, controlled 4:1 two-arm, phase II, open label pharmacodynamic study will recruit 47 men with high risk, localised prostate cancer who are planned to undergo radical prostatectomy. Participants who are randomised to receive the study treatment will be treated with LEE011 400 mg daily for 21 days for one cycle. The primary endpoint is the frequency of a 50% reduction in Ki-67 proliferation index from the pretreatment prostate biopsy compared to that present in prostate cancer tissue from radical prostatectomy. Secondary and tertiary endpoints include pharmacodynamic assessment of CDK4/6 cell cycle progression via E2F levels, apoptotic cell death by cleaved caspase-3, changes in serum and tumour levels of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), pathological regression, safety via incidence of adverse events and exploratory biomarker analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by a central ethics review committee (St Vincent’s Hospital HREC) for all participating sites (HREC/17/SVH/294). Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences.Drug supplyNovartis.Protocol version2.0, 30 May 2019Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618000354280).
Dance PREEMIE, a Dance PaRticipation intervention for Extremely prEterm children with Motor Impairment at prEschool age: an Australian feasibility trial protocol
Authors: Cameron Kate L , McGinley Jennifer L , Allison Kim , Fini Natalie A , Cheong Jeanie L Y , Spittle Alicia J 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionChildren born extremely preterm (EP: <28 weeks gestation) and/or extremely low birth weight (ELBW: <1000 g) are at increased risk of motor impairment compared with children born at term. Children with motor impairment have lower rates of physical activity (PA) participation compared with their typically developing peers. PA participation is an important outcome for children with motor impairment, however, there is limited evidence available to support interventions that improve PA participation in this population. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility, including the recruitment and retention, acceptability and fidelity, of a preschool dance participation intervention for children born EP/EBLW with motor impairment called Dance PaRticipation intervention for Extremely prEterm children with Motor Impairment at prEschool age.Methods and analysisThis feasibility case series trial will recruit EP/ELBW children with motor impairment (n=10) from the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study 2016/2017 cohort, a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Up to 10 community-based dance teachers will be recruited and provided with physiotherapy-led training and support to facilitate the participation of EP/ELBW children in community dance classes. A mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative) will be used to analyse the primary aim, to determine the feasibility of the intervention from the perspectives of families and dance teachers.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the Human Research Ethics Committees of The Royal Children’s Hospital and The Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne. Study outcomes will be disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed publications and social media.Trial registration numberACTRN12619001266156
Therapeutic potential of FLANC, a novel primate-specific long non-coding RNA in colorectal cancer
Authors: Pichler Martin , Rodriguez-Aguayo Cristian , Nam Su Youn , Dragomir Mihnea Paul , Bayraktar Recep , Anfossi Simone , Knutsen Erik , Ivan Cristina , Fuentes-Mattei Enrique , Lee Sang Kil , Ling Hui , Catela Ivkovic Tina , Huang Guoliang , Huang Li , Okugawa Yoshinaga , Katayama Hiroyuki , Taguchi Ayumu , Bayraktar Emine , Bhattacharya Rajat , Amero Paola , He William Ruixian , Tran Anh M , Vychytilova-Faltejskova Petra , Klec Christiane , Bonilla Diana L , Zhang Xinna , Kapitanovic Sanja , Loncar Bozo , Gafà Roberta , Wang Zhihui , Cristini Vittorio , Hanash Samir M , Bar-Eli Menashe , Lanza Giovanni , Slaby Ondrej , Goel Ajay , Rigoutsos Isidore , Lopez-Berestein Gabriel , Calin George Adrian 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the function of a novel primate-specific long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), named FLANC, based on its genomic location (co-localised with a pyknon motif), and to characterise its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target.DesignFLANC expression was analysed in 349 tumours from four cohorts and correlated to clinical data. In a series of multiple in vitro and in vivo models and molecular analyses, we characterised the fundamental biological roles of this lncRNA. We further explored the therapeutic potential of targeting FLANC in a mouse model of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastases.ResultsFLANC, a primate-specific lncRNA feebly expressed in normal colon cells, was significantly upregulated in cancer cells compared with normal colon samples in two independent cohorts. High levels of FLANC were associated with poor survival in two additional independent CRC patient cohorts. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the modulation of FLANC expression influenced cellular growth, apoptosis, migration, angiogenesis and metastases formation ability of CRC cells. In vivo pharmacological targeting of FLANC by administration of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine nanoparticles loaded with a specific small interfering RNA, induced significant decrease in metastases, without evident tissue toxicity or pro-inflammatory effects. Mechanistically, FLANC upregulated and prolonged the half-life of phosphorylated STAT3, inducing the overexpression of VEGFA, a key regulator of angiogenesis.ConclusionsBased on our findings, we discovered, FLANC as a novel primate-specific lncRNA that is highly upregulated in CRC cells and regulates metastases formation. Targeting primate-specific transcripts such as FLANC may represent a novel and low toxic therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients.
Pseudodiastrophic dysplasia expands the known phenotypic spectrum of defects in proteoglycan biosynthesis
Authors: Byrne Alicia B , Mizumoto Shuji , Arts Peer , Yap Patrick , Feng Jinghua , Schreiber Andreas W , Babic Milena , King-Smith Sarah L , Barnett Christopher P , Moore Lynette , Sugahara Kazuyuki , Mutlu-Albayrak Hatice , Nishimura Gen , Liebelt Jan E , Yamada Shuhei , Savarirayan Ravi , Scott Hamish S 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundPseudodiastrophic dysplasia (PDD) is a severe skeletal dysplasia associated with prenatal manifestation and early lethality. Clinically, PDD is classified as a ‘dysplasia with multiple joint dislocations’; however, the molecular aetiology of the disorder is currently unknown.MethodsWhole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on three patients from two unrelated families, clinically diagnosed with PDD, in order to identify the underlying genetic cause. The functional effects of the identified variants were characterised using primary cells and human cell-based overexpression assays.ResultsWES resulted in the identification of biallelic variants in the established skeletal dysplasia genes, B3GAT3 (family 1) and CANT1 (family 2). Mutations in these genes have previously been reported to cause ‘multiple joint dislocations, short stature, and craniofacial dysmorphism with or without congenital heart defects’ (‘JDSCD’; B3GAT3) and Desbuquois dysplasia 1 (CANT1), disorders in the same nosological group as PDD. Follow-up of the B3GAT3 variants demonstrated significantly reduced B3GAT3/GlcAT-I expression. Downstream in vitro functional analysis revealed abolished biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycan side chains on proteoglycans. Functional evaluation of the CANT1 variant showed impaired nucleotidase activity, which results in inhibition of glycosaminoglycan synthesis through accumulation of uridine diphosphate.ConclusionFor the families described in this study, the PDD phenotype was caused by mutations in the known skeletal dysplasia genes B3GAT3 and CANT1, demonstrating the advantage of genomic analyses in delineating the molecular diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias. This finding expands the phenotypic spectrum of B3GAT3-related and CANT1-related skeletal dysplasias to include PDD and highlights the significant phenotypic overlap of conditions within the proteoglycan biosynthesis pathway.
Estimating the syphilis incidence and diagnosis rate in Japan: a mathematical modelling study
Authors: Echigoya Yuri , Yamaguchi Takayuki , Imamura Akifumi , Nishiura Hiroshi 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesThe reported number of syphilis cases is increasing in Japan. In this study, we aimed to estimate both the incidence of infection and diagnosis-and-reporting rate using a mathematical model that captures the time course of infection.MethodsWe analysed yearly notification data from 1961 to 2016 and stratified according to clinical stage and sex. We built a compartmental ordinary differential equations model to describe the natural epidemiological course of syphilis in which the incidence of infection and diagnosis-and-reporting rate were included as time-varying parameters that we estimated via the maximum likelihood method.ResultsFrom 2008 to 2016, the estimated number of new syphilis cases among men and women was 1070 (95% CI 1037 to 1104) and 302 (95% CI 287 to 318), respectively, which was increased from the previous period (1999–2007) with 269 (95% CI 256 to 282) and 71 (95% CI 64 to 78) cases, respectively. The diagnosis-and-reporting rate did not vary greatly over time. We estimated the number of undiagnosed syphilis cases from either incubating or early clinical (ie, primary or secondary) infections in 2016 to be 262 (95% CI 249 to 275) and 79 (95% CI 74 to 84) for men and women, respectively.ConclusionsThe recent increase in reported cases of syphilis is owing to an increase in the number of infections. We found no evidence of time-dependent improvement in detection or reporting.
Data-taking strategy for the precise measurement of the W boson mass with a threshold scan at circular electron positron colliders
Authors: Shen P. X. , Azzurri P. , Yu C. X. , Boonekamp M. , Kuo C. M. , Lai P. Z. , Li B. , Li G. , Li H. N. , Liang Z. J. , Liu B. , Qian J. M. , Shi L. S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCircular electron positron colliders, such as the CEPC and FCC-ee, have been proposed to measure Higgs boson properties precisely, test the Standard Model, search for physics beyond the Standard Model, and so on. One of the important goals of these colliders is to measure the W boson mass with great precision by taking data around the W-pair production threshold. In this paper, the data-taking scheme is investigated to maximize the achievable precisions of the W boson mass and width with a threshold scan, when various systematic uncertainties are taken into account. The study shows that an optimal and realistic data-taking scheme is to collect data at three center-of-mass energies and that precisions of 1.0 MeV and 3.4 MeV can be achieved for the mass and width of the W boson, respectively, with a total integrated luminosity of $$\mathscr {L}=3.2$$L=3.2 ab$$^{-1}$$-1 and several assumptions of the systematic uncertainty sources.