bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of Randomized Controlled Trial Quality in The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery
Authors: Smith Christopher S. , Mollon Brent , Vannabouathong Christopher , Fu Joyce M. , Sales Brendan , Bhandari Mohit , Whelan Daniel B. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery (JBJS) from 1988 to 2000 was previously analyzed. The purpose of this current study was to analyze the quality of reporting of RCTs published in JBJS from 2001 to 2013 to identify trends over time and potential areas of improvement for future clinical trials.

Methods:
A manual search of the JBJS database identified RCTs published between January 2001 and December 2013. Quality assessments, using the Detsky quality-of-reporting index (Detsky score), a modified Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and abstraction of relevant data identifying predictors of quality, were conducted.

Results:
A total of 5,780 publications were identified in JBJS from 2001 to 2013, with 285 RCTs (4.9%), representing an increase from the prior 13-year period. The overall mean transformed Detsky score (and standard error) increased significantly (p < 0.001) from 68.1% ± 1.67% to 76.24% ± 0.72%. The percentage of multicenter RCTs decreased from 67% to 31%. The percentage of positive trials also decreased from 80% to 50.5%, as did the mean sample size (212 to 166). Regression analysis indicated that trials with an epidemiologist as the first author and nonsurgical trials were significantly associated (p = 0.001) with a higher overall trial quality score. The categories of the lowest mean methodology scores were randomization and concealment, eligibility criteria, and reasons for patient exclusion, as identified with the Detsky score, and patient and assessor blinding, as identified with the risk-of-bias assessment.

Conclusions:
The quantity and quality of published RCTs in JBJS have increased in the 2001 to 2013 time period compared with the previous time period. Although these improvements are encouraging, trends to smaller, single-center trials were also observed. To efficiently determine the efficacy of orthopaedic treatments and limit bias, high-quality randomized trials of appropriate sample size and rigorous design are needed.
Applying ISO:31000:2018 as Risk Management Strategy on Heavy Machinery Vehicle Division
Authors: Wicaksono Ananto Yusuf 
Published: September 2020

The operation of heavy machinery vehicles and extensive project site areas are constrained in a general contractor services business, they need risk management to overcome obstacles that interfere project.. Transporting heavy machinery vehicles from one project location to another project site using low bed movers have a risk. Ideal condition for company heavy machinery vehicle with minimum transport. Despite their completion to represent low budget to manage project, it mitigation time, embarkation and debarkation is a challenge too. The aim of this research is to observe level of effectiveness in applying ISO 31000:2018 risk management standard in heavy machinery operations. We apply expert judgment in risk assessment techniques using questioner. This was distributed to respondents who had experience operating heavy machinery vehicles for at least 3 years. Heavy machinery vehicle operators must have enough experience and maintenance of heavy machinery just conduct routinely based on a manual book. From the results of risk identification, there are 20 risks. Based on the results of the risk assessed from probability and impact variables, damaged risk to the undercarriage parts (R12) as a top priority treatment risk. Risk management will be identified as mitigation strategies based on 5 aspects. They are avoided risk, risk control, separating risk, moving risk and accepting risk. Results of identification from treatment strategies will be assessed based on mitigation duration and mitigation costs, to find out the most optimal strategy for dealing with these risks. It can concluding assessment of risk management strategies well, if mitigation strategies separate risks. is the most optimal mitigation strategy.
Effect of CO2 Laser Irradiation on the Topographic and Optical Properties of CdO Thin Films
Authors: Rashid  et al. Sahar Naji 
Published: September 2020

In this study, cadmium oxide (CdO) was deposited on glass bases by thermal chemical spraying technique at three concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.15) M and then was irradiated by CO2 laser with 10.6 μm wave length and 1W power. The results of the atomic force microscope AFM test showed that the surfaces of these CdO thin films were homogenous and that the laser irradiated effect resulted in decreasing the roughness of the surface as well as the heights of the granular peaks, indicating a greater uniformity and homogeneity of the surfaces. The optical properties were studied to determine laser effect. The results of optical tests of these thin films showed that the photoluminescence spectra and absorption shifted towards longer wavelengths with increased concentration, and the transmittance was high at high wave lengths. There was a decrease of energy gap values at (0.05, 0.15)M concentrations which were (2.1, 2.25)eV receptively, and an increase in the energy gap value at 0.1 M concentration which was 2.55 eV, and other optical properties have been studied in this paper .In general, we observe that the values ​​of the optical constants of the concentrations (0.05, 0.15)M increase after laser irradiation and are lesser after irradiation at concentration 0.1 M.
In Silico Characterization of a Cyclin Dependent Kinase -A (CDKA) and its Coding Gene in some Oryza Species
Authors: Fouad Ahmed Sayed , AlSobeai Sanad M 
Published: September 2020

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a fundamental food for the majority of world population. Cyclin Dependent Kinase -A (CDKA) accelerates transition through different stages of cell cycle and contributes in gametes formation. In the present investigation, a CDKA encoding gene along with the corresponding protein were characterized in O. sativa Indica Group, O. glaberrima, O. barthii, O. brachyantha, O. glumipatula, O. longistaminata, O. meridionalis, O. nivara, O. punctata and O. rufipogon using in silico analyses. The results reflected little variation in most species except O. longistaminata and O. brachyantha. Compared with the remaining species, O. longistaminata lacked a negative regulatory binding site and had a modified cyclin binding site (PSTAICE instead of PSTAIRE) that may lead to future characterization of a new distinct subclass of CDKAs. O. brachyantha had a modified SUC/CKS (suppressor of CDC2/cyclin dependent-kinase regulatory subunit)-binding motif. The observed variations can be exploited through traditional breeding or molecular approaches to manipulate cell division and growth of cultivated Oryza species.
Fluid-Present Partial Melting of Paleoproterozoic Okbang Amphibolite in the Yeongnam Massif, Korea
Authors: Lee Yuyoung , Cho Moonsup 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe waning stage of a long-lived collisional orogeny is commonly governed by an extensional regime in association with high-temperature metamorphism, anatexis, and magmatism. Such a late-orogenic process is well-recorded in the Okbang amphibolite, Yeongnam Massif, Korea, where thin layers or irregular patches of tonalitic leucosomes are widespread particularly in association with ductile shear zones. Various microstructures including interstitial felsic phases and former melt patches indicate that leucosomes are the product of partial melting. These leucosomes are aligned en echelon and contain large (up to ~2 cm) grains of peritectic hornblende, suggesting synkinematic fluid-present anatexis. The leucosomes are enriched in Na2O and Sr contents compared to the amphibolite but depleted in rare earth and high field-strength elements. P-T conditions of the anatexis were estimated at 4.6–5.2 kbar and 650–730°C, respectively, based on hornblende-plagioclase geothermobarometry. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe U-Pb analyses of zircon from an amphibolite and a leucosome sample yielded weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb ages of 1866±4 Ma and 1862±2 Ma, which are interpreted as the times for magmatic crystallization and subsequent anatexis of mafic protolith, respectively. The latter is consistent with the time of partial melting determined from a migmatitic gneiss and a biotite-sillimanite gneiss at 1861±4 Ma and 1860±9 Ma, respectively. The leucosomes are transected by an undeformed pegmatitic dyke dated at 1852±3 Ma; by this time, extensional ductile shearing has ceased. Initial εHft values of zircon from the amphibolite range from 4.2 to 6.0, suggesting juvenile derivation of basaltic melt from the mantle. In contrast, lower εHft values (–0.1 to 3.5) in leucosome zircons indicate a mixing of crust-derived melt. Taken together, the Okbang amphibolite has experienced synkinematic fluid-present melting during the waning stage of Paleoproterozoic hot orogenesis prevalent in the Yeongnam Massif as well as the North China Craton.
Lithospheric Structure of Eastern Tibetan Plateau from Terrestrial and Satellite Gravity Data Modeling: Implication for Asthenospheric Underplating
Authors: Singh Harshpal , Mahatsente Rezene 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The lithosphere of the eastern Tibetan plateau is underlain by a low-velocity zone at shallow depths which is interpreted as asthenospheric material in the upper-most mantle in various seismic tomography studies. The driving mechanism for the presence of asthenospheric material in the upper-most mantle is not well understood, and the spatial extent of the asthenospheric material is not well delineated. We use 2.5D gravity models to assess what drove the asthenospheric flow upwards in the past and determine the lateral extent of the asthenospheric material in the upper-most mantle. The models also allow us to determine the Indian slab configuration below the Tibetan plateau. The gravity models show that lithospheric thickness increases from ~120 km in the central and eastern parts of the plateau to ~150 km in the west, indicating that the lithosphere in the central and eastern parts of the plateau may have been delaminated. The ~30 km shallower Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary in the central and eastern Tibetan plateau may indicate that asthenospheric flow could have been induced in the past by a combination of lithospheric delamination and a slab break-off event of the Greater Indian slab. The spatial extent of the asthenospheric material in the upper-most mantle beneath the Tibetan plateau is ~15,000 km2 (N−S length=500 km and thickness=30 km) between 85°E and 88°E, which could even extend east of 92°E. The Indian slab is dipping more steeply in the east. The slab dip along the Indian plate increases from ~10° in the west to ~18° in the central (~87°E) and ~25° in the eastern part (~91°E) of the plateau, indicating that the style of lithospheric deformation changes from underthrusting to slab roll-back from west to east.
Strategies for Combating Dark Networks
Authors: Roberts Nancy , Everton Sean F. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Our goal in this paper is to explore two generic approaches to disrupting dark networks: kinetic and non-kinetic. The kinetic approach involves aggressive and offensive measures to eliminate or capture network members and their supporters, while the non-kinetic approach involves the use of subtle, non-coercive means for combating dark networks. Two strategies derive from the kinetic approach: Targeting and Capacity-building. Four strategies derive from the non-kinetic approach: Institution-Building, Psychological Operations, Information Operations and Rehabilitation. We use network data from Noordin Top’s South East Asian terror network to illustrate how both kinetic and non-kinetic strategies could be pursued depending on a commander’s intent. Using this strategic framework as a backdrop, we strongly advise the use of SNA metrics in developing alterative counter-terrorism strategies that are contextdependent rather than letting SNA metrics define and drive a particular strategy.
Social Structural Analysis of Street-Involved Youth in Winnipeg, Canada
Authors: Thompson Laura H. , Schellenberg John , Ormond Margaret , Wylie John L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the present study, the social linkages of street-involved youth and correlates of infection with chlamydia and gonorrhea are explored. This is the first study to assess the social linkages of street- involved youth using RDS. Eleven street-involved youth aged 14 to 24 were selected as seeds to recruit their peers into the study using RDS (N=169). Study staff administered a questionnaire, obtained a urine specimen, and provided recruitment coupons to participants. A week later, participants were provided with test results and treatment if necessary. RDS Analysis Tool was used to assess the effectiveness of RDS and define the social linkages. A Fisher’s Exact test was used to identify any correlates of infection. Gender was the only variable that correlated with infection status (22 percent of females vs. 8 percent of males). A high proportion of male participants had never been tested before. Despite the fact that most female participants had been tested before, high infection rates indicate that more accessible and frequent testing is required. Street-involved youth are connected socially to those who share similar health related behaviors. There is a need for increased testing options and opportunities for street-involved youth.
Experiences of running a hydroponic system in a pilot scale for resource-efficient water reuse
Authors: Bliedung Alexa , Dockhorn Thomas , Germer Jörn , Mayerl Claudia , Mohr Marius 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWithin the research project HypoWave, a hydroponic system for plant production was investigated. The hydroponic system was fed with wastewater that had undergone specially adapted treatment. The principal aim was to develop a combined system for water treatment and hydroponic plant production, where water and nutrients were reused efficiently to produce marketable food products. Another goal was to find out whether the reuse of pre-treated wastewater for plant growth in a hydroponic system could also present an additional alternative wastewater treatment step for enhanced nutrient removal. A pilot plant, consisting of various treatment steps such as activated sludge process, ozonation and biological activated carbon filtration, was used to produce lettuce with irrigation water of different qualities. The hydroponic pilot plant was operated in two different modes – flow-through and feed & deplete. This paper focuses on the influence of the various modes of operation and accordingly varying nutrient concentrations (N, P, K) on plant growth. Furthermore, heavy metal content in the various types of treated wastewater and in the produced plants was investigated. In addition, the results of the different modes of operation were verified by mass balances for N, P and K.
Application of copper tailings combined with persulfate for better removing methyl orange from wastewater
Authors: Wang Jinpeng , Zhang Ming , Zhou Runjuan , Li Jiyuan , Zhao Wei , Chen Wenyuan , Zeng Jianping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, wasted copper tailings (CT) were used to activate persulfate (PS) to degrade azo dye methyl orange (MO). The results show that a large amount of FeS2 contained in CT can slowly release Fe2+ in the aqueous solution to activate PS to generate reactive oxygen species to degrade MO. When the dosage of CT and PS was 2 g/L and 3 mM respectively, the MO degradation efficiency of 20 mg/L in the CT/PS system was 96.52% within 60 min. At the same time, it is found that CT has a certain adsorption capacity for MO, and the intra-particle diffusion model can well describe the adsorption process of MO by CT. The effects of related reaction parameters (CT dosage, PS dosage, initial MO concentration and solution pH) on MO degradation in CT/PS system were investigated. Compared with the direct addition of an equal amount of Fe2+ as in the CT/PS system, for homogeneous activated PS to degrade MO (Fe2+/PS), the results showed that the degradation efficiency of Fe2+/PS system for MO was lower than that of CT/PS system due to excessive Fe2+ consumption of . By comparing the Fe2+ and Fe3+ concentrations in the two systems, it was found that the CT/PS system could maintain a low Fe2+ concentration during the reaction process, and the Fe2+ released by CT could be used by PS to degrade MO more efficiently. The free radical scavenging experiments showed that the reactive oxygen species in the CT/PS system was mainly . This study not only proposed a new CT utilization approach, but also solved the problem of reduced degradation efficiency of organic pollutants caused by excessive Fe2+ in the Fenton-like reaction.
Semantic Peculiarities of Lacunae – Modifications. The Concept of Lacunae Dictionary Creation (A Case Study of Russian Verbs of Sound)
Authors: Ivlieva Irina Valentinovna 
Published: September 2020

The article examines the insufficiently explored phenomenon in word-formation synthesis – the intra-linguistic affixal lacunae i.e. lexical gaps. The nature of lacunar units is described as a unique type of semantic modifications that display a similar structure, semantics, and characteristics. From the standpoint of derivative codification, the major lacunae groups are identified, analyzed, and mapped out based on their lexicographic properties. The glossary selection criteria for the experimental Lacunae – Modifications Dictionary are determined. Relying on the data from the Russian National Corpus, nearly 5,000 lacunae and sound verb modifications, combined, were researched using a web-scraping algorithm from a special project at Missouri S&amp;T. The results of this study may serve as a foundational platform for this novel dictionary of affixal lexical gaps in the Russian language.
Characterization of Dopamine Receptor Associated Drugs on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Akbarian Fatemeh , Dadkhah Farid , Campbell Arezoo , Asadi Farrokh , Ahangari Ghasem 
Published: September 2020

Background:Dopamine receptor (DR) gene family play an essential role in the regulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. Our prior analysis of human prostate biopsy samples demonstrated the increased expression of IL-6 and a down regulating trend for dopamine receptor gene family.Objective:The objective was to investigate the expression of dopamine receptors, their catabolizing enzyme and IL-6 in prostate cancer cell lines and assess pharmacological effect of dopamine receptor modulators as a novel class of drugs repurposed for treatment of prostate cancer.Methods:The therapeutic effect of dopamine, DR agonists, and DR antagonist were examined using LNCaP and PC3 cell lines.CellviabilityandproliferationwereassessedbyMTTassayandproliferatingcellnuclearantigenexpressionanalysis, respectively. Furthermore, bax/bcl2 ratio, immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometric assay were performed for apoptosis analysis. RT-q PCR analysis was used to characterize relative expression of dopamine-related genes, catabolic enzyme catechol-o-methyl-transferase (COMT) and IL-6 before and after treatment to assess the therapeutic effects of drugs.Results:LNCaP cells express DRD1, DRD2, DRD5 and COMT genes and PC3 cells only express IL-6 gene. In-vitro, dopamine receptor agonists reduced cell viability of LNCaP and PC3 cells. In contrast, dopamine and dopamine receptor antagonist significantly increased tumor growth in PC3 cells.Conclusion:Our results offer novel suggestion for a pathogenic role of dopamine receptor signaling in prostate cancer adenocarcinoma and indicates that modulators of DR-IL-6 pathway, including FDA-approved drug bromocriptine, might be utilized as novel drug repurposing strategy.
Minocycline Inhibits mTOR Signaling Activation and Alleviates Behavioral Deficits in the Wistar Rats with Acute Ischemia stroke
Authors: Wang Shengyuan , Wang Chuanling , Wang Lihua , Cai Zhiyou 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been evidenced as a multimodal
therapy in the pathophysiological process of Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS). However, the
pathway that minocycline targets mTOR signaling is not fully defined in the AIS pathogenesis.
This study aims at the roles of minocycline on the mTOR signaling in the AIS process and further
discovers the underlying mechanisms of minocycline involved in the following change of mTOR
signaling-autophagy.

Methods:
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) rat animal models were established with the transient
suture occlusion into the middle cerebral artery. Minocycline (50mg/kg) was given by intragastric
administration. The Morris water maze was used to test the cognitive function of animals.
Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were introduced for testing the levels of synaptophysin
and PSD-95. Western blot was conducted for investigating the levels of mTOR, p-mTOR
(Ser2448), p70S6, p-p70S6 (Thr389), eEF2k, p-eEF2k (Ser366), p-eIF4B (Ser406), LC3, p62, synaptophysin
and PSD-95.

Results:
Minocycline prevents the cognitive decline of the MCAO stroke rats. Minocycline limits
the expression of p-mTOR (Ser2448) and the downstream targets of mTOR [p70S6, p-p70S6
(Thr389), eEF2k, p-eEF2k (Ser366) and p-eIF4B (Ser406)] (P<0.01), while minocycline has no influence
on mTOR. LC3-II abundance and the LC3-II/I ratio were upregulated in the hippocampus
of the MCAO stroke rats by the minocycline therapy (P<0.01). p62 was downregulated in the hippocampus
from the MCAO stroke rats administrated with minocycline therapy(P<0.01). The levels
of SYP and PSD-95 were upregulated in the brain of the MCAO stroke rats administrated with
minocycline therapy.

Conclusion:
Minocycline prevents cognitive deficits via inhibiting mTOR signaling and enhancing
the autophagy process, and promoting the expression of pre- and postsynaptic proteins (synaptophysin
and PSD-95) in the brain of the MCAO stroke rats. The potential neuroprotective role of
minocycline in the process of cerebral ischemia may be related to mitigating ischemia-induced synapse
injury via inhibiting the activation of mTOR signaling.