bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On T-Schur Convex Maps
Authors: Olbryś Andrzej , Szostok Tomasz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe introduce and examine the notion ofT-Schur convexity which is naturally connected with Schur convexity. As a particular case, we considerT-Wright convex maps which generalize a well-known and intensively investigated class oft-Wright convex functions. We discuss several properties of this class of functions. In the last part of the paper we give a characterization ofT-Wright affine maps i.e. maps satisfying the corresponding functional equation.
A modified method for purification of Eimeria tenella sporozoites
Authors: Rentería-Solís Zaida , Zhang Runhui , Taha Shahinaz , Daugschies Arwid 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCoccidiosis is an economically important gastrointestinal disease in domestic fowl.Eimeriaspecies are the causative agents of avian coccidiosis. Current challenges in management and prevention of eimeriosis enhance the need for research in this field. Sporozoite purification is a necessary step forEimeriaspp. in vitro infection models. Current alternatives such as DE-52 anion exchange chromatography and Percoll gradient require time and resources. We present a modified protocol consisting on vacuum filtration of sporozoites using a disposable 5-μL filter. Yield percentages were similar to those reported for Percoll gradient purification. By reducing time and efforts during sporozoite purification, it could be possible to increase resources in other areas ofEimeriastudies.
Circular economy model framework in the European water and wastewater sector
Authors: Smol Marzena , Adam Christian , Preisner Michał 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOne of the key elements in the transformation towards a circular economy (CE) is providing more sustainable practices for resources and waste management. Improvement actions focused on transformation towards a CE should be targeted at all groups of materials and waste. As water is essential for human survival and well-being and plays a significant role in sustainable development (SD), the actions related to the reuse of water and the recovery of raw materials from wastewater and other water-based waste should be taken. The paper presents a proposition for a new CE model framework in the water and wastewater sector, which includes the six following actions:reduction—prevent wastewater generation in the first place by the reduction of water usage and pollution reduction at source; reclamation (removal)—an application of effective technologies for the removal of pollutants from water and wastewater; reuse—reuse of wastewater as an alternative source of water supply (non-potable usage), recycling—recovery of water from wastewater for potable usage; recovery—recovery of resources such as nutrients and energy from water-based waste, and rethink—rethinking how to use resources to create a sustainable economy, which is `free` of waste and emissions. The novelty of the proposed CE model framework is that it presents possible ways of implementing CE principles in the water and wastewater sector, with a strong emphasis not only technological but also organisational and societal changes. Application of the proposed model may help to further transform the European economy to the CE model. Moreover, the indicated model can be significant tool supporting an assessment of local or regional progress towards CE in the water and wastewater sector and further environmental management and planning.
Subnanoliter precision piezo pipette for single-cell isolation and droplet printing
Authors: Francz Barbara , Ungai-Salánki Rita , Sautner Éva , Horvath Robert , Szabó Bálint 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough microliter-scale liquid handling with a handheld pipette is a routine task, pipetting nanoliter-scale volumes is challenging due to several technical difficulties including surface tension, adhesion and evaporation effects. We developed a fully automated piezoelectric micropipette with a precision of < 1 nanoliter, improving the efficiency of imaging-based single-cell isolation to above 90%. This improvement is crucial when sorting rare or precious cells, especially in medical applications. The compact piezoelectric micropipette can be integrated into various (bio)chemical workflows. It eliminates plastic tubes, valves, syringes, and pressure tanks. For high-quality phase-contrast illumination of the sample, e.g., cells or tiny droplets, we constructed rings of LEDs arranged concentrically to the micropipette. The same device can be readily used for single-cell printing and nanoliter-scale droplet printing of reagents using either fluorescent or transparent illumination on a microscope. We envision that this new technology will shortly become a standard tool for single-cell manipulations in medical diagnostics, e.g., circulating tumor cell isolation.
Taxonomical and functional diversity of Saprolegniales in Anzali lagoon, Iran
Authors: Masigol Hossein , Khodaparast Seyed Akbar , Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa Reza , Rojas-Jimenez Keilor , Woodhouse Jason Nicholas , Neubauer Darshan , Grossart Hans-Peter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStudies on the diversity, distribution and ecological role of Saprolegniales (Oomycota) in freshwater ecosystems are currently receiving attention due to a greater understanding of their role in carbon cycling in various aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we characterized several Saprolegniales species isolated from Anzali lagoon, Gilan province, Iran, using morphological and molecular methods. Four species of Saprolegnia were identified, including S. anisospora and S. diclina as first reports for Iran, as well as Achlya strains, which were closely related to A. bisexualis, A. debaryana and A. intricata. Evaluation of the ligno-, cellulo- and chitinolytic activities was performed using plate assay methods. Most of the Saprolegniales isolates were obtained in autumn, and nearly 50% of the strains showed chitinolytic and cellulolytic activities. However, only a few Saprolegniales strains showed lignolytic activities. This study has important implications for better understanding the ecological niche of oomycetes, and to differentiate them from morphologically similar, but functionally different aquatic fungi in freshwater ecosystems.
Institutions and Agency in the Sustainability of Day-to-Day Consumption Practices: An Institutional Ethnographic Study
Authors: Pekkanen Tiia-Lotta 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConsumption is essentially an institutional action. While both the formal institutional environment and cultural embeddedness shape consumption, individuals may reciprocally amend the institutional setting through consumption choices that challenge the prevalent institutional constraints. This paper reconciles theoretical and conceptual premises from institutional and practice theory literature to study the sustainability of consumption. Using institutional ethnography as a methodological approach, the study explores the pendulum between embeddedness and agency in shaping the sustainability of day-to-day consumption of necessary goods; and further, how the external institutional environment may interact with human behaviour to contribute towards sustainability. The study finds a hierarchy of informal institutions, each level of which interacts differently with external changes. For example, sustainability is found to be more widespread the more it is embedded in practices, and this is a result of overall institutional development beyond regulation and choice editing. The results also highlight the importance of understanding unintentional sustainability in consumption practices.
Seasonal and pandemic influenza during pregnancy and risk of fetal death: A Norwegian registry-based cohort study
Authors: Gunnes Nina , Gjessing Håkon Kristian , Bakken Inger Johanne , Ghaderi Sara , Gran Jon Michael , Hungnes Olav , Magnus Per , Samuelsen Sven Ove , Skrondal Anders , Stoltenberg Camilla , Trogstad Lill , Wilcox Allen J. , Håberg Siri Eldevik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrevious studies of fetal death with maternal influenza have been inconsistent. We explored the effect of maternal influenza-like illness (ILI) in pregnancy on the risk of fetal death, distinguishing between diagnoses during regular influenza seasons and the 2009/2010 pandemic and between trimesters of ILI. We used birth records from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to identify fetal deaths after the first trimester in singleton pregnancies (2006–2013). The Norwegian Directorate of Health provided dates of clinical influenza diagnoses by primary-health-care providers, whereas dates of laboratory-confirmed influenza A (H1N1) diagnoses were provided by the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases. We obtained dates and types of influenza vaccinations from the Norwegian Immunisation Registry. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of fetal death, with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs), comparing women with and without an ILI diagnosis in pregnancy. There were 2510 fetal deaths among 417,406 eligible pregnancies. ILI during regular seasons was not associated with increased risk of fetal death: adjusted HR = 0.90 (95% CI 0.64–1.27). In contrast, ILI during the pandemic was associated with substantially increased risk of fetal death, with an adjusted HR of 1.75 (95% CI 1.21–2.54). The risk was highest following first-trimester ILI (adjusted HR = 2.28 [95% CI 1.45–3.59]). ILI during the pandemic—but not during regular seasons—was associated with increased risk of fetal death in the second and third trimester. The estimated effect was strongest with ILI in first trimester.
Experience and rationality under risk: re-examining the impact of sampling experience
Authors: Aydogan Ilke , Gao Yu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA recent strand of the literature on decision-making under uncertainty has pointed to an intriguing behavioral gap between decisions made from description and decisions made from experience. This study reinvestigates this description-experience gap to understand the impact that sampling experience has on decisions under risk. Our study adopts a complete sampling paradigm to address the lack of control over experienced probabilities by requiring complete sampling without replacement. We also address the roles of utilities and ambiguity, which are central in most current decision models in economics. Thus, our experiment identifies the deviations from expected utility due to over- (or under-) weighting of probabilities. Our results confirm the existence of the behavioral gap, but they provide no evidence for the underweighting of small probabilities within the complete sampling treatment. We find that sampling experience attenuates rather than reverses the inverse S-shaped probability weighting under risk.
Proximal Humerus Morphology Indicates Divergent Patterns of Locomotion in Extinct Giant Kangaroos
Authors: Janis Christine M. , Napoli James G. , Billingham Coral , Martín-Serra Alberto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSthenurine kangaroos, extinct “giant kangaroos” known predominantly from the Plio-Pleistocene, have been proposed to have used bipedal striding as a mode of locomotion, based on the morphology of their hind limbs. However, sthenurine forelimb morphology has not been considered in this context, and has important bearing as to whether these kangaroos employed quadrupedal or pentapedal locomotion as a slow gait, as in extant kangaroos. Study of the correlation of morphology of the proximal humerus in a broad range of therian mammals shows that humeral morphology is indicative of the degree of weight-bearing on the forelimbs during locomotion, with terrestrial species being distinctly different from arboreal ones. Extant kangaroos have a proximal humeral morphology similar to extant scansorial (semi-arboreal) mammals, but sthenurine humeri resemble those of suspensory arboreal taxa, which rarely bear weight on their forelimbs, supporting the hypothesis that they used bipedal striding rather than quadrupedal locomotion at slow gaits. The humeral morphology of the enigmatic extinct “giant wallaby,” Protemnodon, may be indicative of a greater extent of quadrupedal locomotion than in extant kangaroos.
The best CRISPR/Cas9 versus RNA interference approaches for Arabinogalactan proteins’ study
Authors: Moreira Diana , Pereira Ana Marta , Lopes Ana Lúcia , Coimbra Sílvia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractArabinogalactan Proteins (AGPs) are hydroxyproline-rich proteins containing a high proportion of carbohydrates, widely spread in the plant kingdom. AGPs have been suggested to play important roles in plant development processes, especially in sexual plant reproduction. Nevertheless, the functions of a large number of these molecules, remains to be discovered. In this review, we discuss two revolutionary genetic techniques that are able to decode the roles of these glycoproteins in an easy and efficient way. The RNA interference is a frequently technique used in plant biology that promotes genes silencing. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)—associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), emerged a few years ago as a revolutionary genome-editing technique that has allowed null mutants to be obtained in a wide variety of organisms, including plants. The two techniques have some differences between them and depending on the research objective, these may work as advantage or disadvantage. In the present work, we propose the use of the two techniques to obtain AGP mutants easily and quickly, helping to unravel the role of AGPs, surely a great asset for the future.
Genetics and future therapy prospects of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
Authors: Rauner Martina , Seefried Lothar , Shore Eileen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic condition characterised by progressive extra-skeletal bone formation in connective tissues. Over time, heterotopic ossification entombs patients within a second skeleton, drastically impairing their mobility and autonomy. Mutations in the ACVR1 gene have been identified as the cause of FOP. The single nucleotide missense mutation in ACVR1, c.617G > A, causes a single amino acid substitution, p.R206H, and is found in >90% of all patients. Heterotopic bone formation in FOP mimics embryonic skeletal endochondral ossification, with cartilage forming after fibroproliferative tissue condensation as an intermediate stage prior to osteogenesis and tissue ossification. In contrast to normal embryonic endochondral ossification, heterotopic ossification in FOP involves an inflammatory phase that precedes cartilage and bone formation. New insights into the mechanisms of action of heterotopic bone formation in FOP have led to the discovery of new potential treatment targets including inhibitors of BMP signalling, activin A inhibitors, and mTOR inhibitors. This review summarises the current knowledge on mutations causing FOP, as well as the molecular basis of heterotopic ossification and the therapeutic options that result from these discoveries.
Prognosticating for Adult Patients With Advanced Incurable Cancer: a Needed Oncologist Skill
Authors: Chu Christina , Anderson Rebecca , White Nicola , Stone Patrick 
Published: January 2020

Opinion statementPatients with advanced cancer and their families commonly seek information about prognosis to aid decision-making in medical (e.g. surrounding treatment), psychological (e.g. saying goodbye), and social (e.g. getting affairs in order) domains. Oncologists therefore have a responsibility to identify and address these requests by formulating and sensitively communicating information about prognosis. Current evidence suggests that clinician predictions are correlated with actual survival but tend to be overestimations. In an attempt to cultivate prognostic skills, it is recommended that clinicians practice formulating and recording subjective estimates of prognosis in advanced cancer patient’s medical notes. When possible, a multi-professional prognostic estimate should be sought as these may be more accurate than individual predictions alone. Clinicians may consider auditing the accuracy of their predictions periodically and using feedback from this process to improve their prognostic skills.Clinicians may also consider using validated prognostic tools to complement their clinical judgements. However, there is currently only limited evidence about the comparative accuracy of different prognostic tools or the extent to which these measures are superior to clinical judgement. Oncologists and palliative care physicians should ensure that they receive adequate training in advanced communication skills, which builds upon their pre-existing skills, to sensitively deliver information on prognosis. In particular, clinicians should acknowledge their own prognostic uncertainty and should emphasise the supportive care that can continue to be provided after stopping cancer-directed therapies.
Soft Tissue Special Issue: Perivascular and Vascular Tumors of the Head and Neck
Authors: Flucke Uta , Karanian Marie , Broek Roel W. ten , Thway Khin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPerivascular and vascular neoplasms of the head and neck are a rare group of tumors comprising a spectrum of clinical/biologic and histological features. They are frequently diagnostically challenging, due to their morphologic and immunohistochemical overlap. In this review, we summarize the pathology of these neoplasms, discussing morphology, immunohistochemistry, associated genetic findings, and the differential diagnoses.
Agricultural systems in Bangladesh: the first archaeobotanical results from Early Historic Wari-Bateshwar and Early Medieval Vikrampura
Authors: Rahman Mizanur , Castillo Cristina Cobo , Murphy Charlene , Rahman Sufi Mostafizur , Fuller Dorian Q. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present paper reports the first systematic archaeobotanical evidence from Bangladesh together with direct AMS radiocarbon dates on crop remains. Macro-botanical remains were collected by flotation from two sites, Wari-Bateshwar (WB), an Early Historic archaeological site, dating mainly between 400 and 100 BC, with a later seventh century AD temple complex, and Raghurampura Vikrampura (RV), a Buddhist Monastery (vihara) located within the Vikrampura city site complex and dating to the eleventh and sixteenth centuries AD. Despite being a tropical country, with high rainfall and intensive soil processes, our work demonstrates that conventional archaeobotany, the collection of macro-remains through flotation, has much potential towards putting together a history of crops and agricultural systems in Bangladesh. The archaeobotanical assemblage collected from both sites indicates the predominance of rice agriculture, which would have been practiced in summer. Spikelet bases are of domesticated type rice, while grain metrics suggest the majority of rice was probably subspeciesjaponica.The presence of some wetland weeds suggests at least some of the rice was grown in wet (flooded) systems, but much of it may have been rainfed as inferred from the Southeast Asian weedAcmella paniculata. Other crops include winter cereals, barley and possible oat, and small numbers of summer millets (Pennisetum glaucum,Sorghum bicolor,Setaria italica), a wide diversity of summer and winter pulses (14 spp.), cotton, sesame and mustard seed. Pulse crops included many known from India. Thus, while most crops indicate diffusion of crops from India eastwards, the absence ofindicarice could also indicate some diffusion from Southeast Asia. The later site RV also produced evidence of the rice bean (Vigna umbellata), a domesticate of mainland Southeast Asia. These data provide the first empirical evidence for reconstructing past agriculture in Bangladesh and for the role of connections to both India and mainland Southeast Asia in the development of crop diversity in the Ganges delta region.
Coordinate-wise powers of algebraic varieties
Authors: Dey Papri , Görlach Paul , Kaihnsa Nidhi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe introduce and study coordinate-wise powers of subvarieties of $${\mathbb {P}}^n$$

P

n

, i.e. varieties arising from raising all points in a given subvariety of $${\mathbb {P}}^n$$

P

n

to the r-th power, coordinate by coordinate. This corresponds to studying the image of a subvariety of $${\mathbb {P}}^n$$

P

n

under the quotient of $${\mathbb {P}}^n$$

P

n

by the action of the finite group $${\mathbb {Z}}_r^{n+1}$$

Z
r

n
+
1

. We determine the degree of coordinate-wise powers and study their defining equations, in particular for hypersurfaces and linear spaces. Applying these results, we compute the degree of the variety of orthostochastic matrices and determine iterated dual and reciprocal varieties of power sum hypersurfaces. We also establish a link between coordinate-wise squares of linear spaces and the study of real symmetric matrices with a degenerate eigenspectrum.
Communication strategies for designing Facebook advertising campaigns to recruit rural participants to develop healthcare delivery interventions
Authors: Flood-Grady Elizabeth , Hough Deaven , Damiani Rachel E. , Gebru Nioud Mulugeta , Fedele David A. , Leeman Robert F. , Krieger Janice L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground:Little is known about designing research recruitment campaigns that connect with underserved, geographically isolated rural populations. A theoretically informed process is needed to assist research teams and practitioners in their evaluation of Facebook’s feasibility as a recruitment tool and development of online materials for recruiting rural adults into healthcare delivery intervention development studies.Methods:We drew from research and theory in communication and incorporated process analysis techniques to develop replicable procedures for designing and evaluating Facebook campaigns for rural recruitment. We describe our process and illustrate using two case studies.Results:Campaigns received approximately 1000 link clicks from the target rural demographic and successfully enrolled participants using Facebook as a primary method of recruitment. The rural tobacco intervention development study received a total of 477 link clicks, cost only $155.80, and enrolled three (23%) of its 13 participants from Facebook. The rural mental health intervention development study received a total of 518 link clicks, cost only $233.28, and enrolled 178 participants.Conclusions:Our process yielded two successful recruitment campaigns. Facebook was an affordable and efficacious strategy for enrolling adults in behavioral research studies on tobacco and mental health. Future work should apply these theoretical techniques to additional study topics and evaluate specific message features associated with recruitment.