bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV among women of reproductive age group and associated factors at Mecha district, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Liyeh Tewachew Muche , Cherkose Endeshaw Admasu , Limenih Miteku Andualem , Yimer Tigist Seid , Tebeje Hailemariam Demewozu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective
This study was aimed to asses knowledge of prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV among reproductive age women and associated factors at Mecha district, North West Ethiopia. A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 853 reproductive age women from July 1- 30/2016 in Mecha district. By multistage sampling technique data were collected through pre-tested questionnaire. The collected data was entered in Epi Data 3.1 and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model were used.

Result
About 22.4% of the respondents were knowledgeable on prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. Having knowledge on PMTCT of HIV was significantly associated with urban residence (AOR = 2.486, 95% CI 1.160–5.328), education level of secondary and above (AOR = 5.445, 95% CI 2.698–10.986), those having history of antenatal care followup (AOR = 4.430, 95% CI 1.471–13.340), those with history of institutional delivery (AOR = 4.766, 95%CI 2.004–11.334), those having comprehensive knowledge on HIV/AIDS (AOR = 1.697, 95%CI 1.011–2.846), women who were knowledgeable about mother to child transmission of HIV (AOR = 2.203, 95% CI 1.37–3.54), and women who held discussions with their husband regarding HIV/AIDS, (AOR = 2.700, 95% CI 1.658–4.396).
CSACI guidelines for the ethical, evidence-based and patient-oriented clinical practice of oral immunotherapy in IgE-mediated food allergy
Authors: Bégin P. , Chan E. S. , Kim H. , Wagner M. , Cellier M. S. , Favron-Godbout C. , Abrams E. M. , Ben-Shoshan M. , Cameron S. B. , Carr S. , Fischer D. , Haynes A. , Kapur S. , Primeau M. N. , Upton J. , Vander Leek T. K. , Goetghebeur M. M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundOral immunotherapy (OIT) is an emerging approach to the treatment of patients with IgE-mediated food allergy and is in the process of transitioning to clinical practice.ObjectiveTo develop patient-oriented clinical practice guidelines on oral immunotherapy based on evidence and ethical imperatives for the provision of safe and efficient food allergy management.Materials and methodsRecommendations were developed using a reflective patient-centered multicriteria approach including 22 criteria organized in five dimensions (clinical, populational, economic, organizational and sociopolitical). Data was obtained from: (1) a review of scientific and ethic literature; (2) consultations of allergists, other healthcare professionals (pediatricians, family physicians, nurses, registered dieticians, psychologists, peer supporters), patients and caregivers; and patient associations through structured consultative panels, interviews and on-line questionnaire; and (3) organizational and economic data from the milieu of care. All data was synthesized by criteria in a multicriteria deliberative guide that served as a platform for structured discussion and development of recommendations for each dimension, based on evidence, ethical imperatives and other considerations.ResultsThe deliberative grid included 162 articles from the literature and media reviews and data from consultations involving 85 individuals. Thirty-eight (38) recommendations were made for the practice of oral immunotherapy for the treatment of IgE mediated food allergy, based on evidence and a diversity of ethical imperatives. All recommendations were aimed at fostering a context conducive to achieving objectives identified by patients and caregivers with food allergy. Notably, specific recommendations were developed to promote a culture of shared responsibility between patients and healthcare system, equity in access, patient empowerment, shared decision making and personalization of OIT protocols to reflect patients’ needs. It also provides recommendations to optimize organization of care to generate capacity to meet demand according to patient choice, e.g. OIT or avoidance. These recommendations were made acknowledging the necessity of ensuring sustainability of the clinical offer in light of various economic considerations.ConclusionsThis innovative CPG methodology was guided by patients’ perspectives, clinical evidence as well as ethical and other rationales. This allowed for the creation of a broad set of recommendations that chart optimal clinical practice and define the conditions required to bring about changes to food allergy care that will be sustainable, equitable and conducive to the well-being of all patients in need.
A general stability result for second order stochastic quasilinear evolution equations with memory
Authors: Yang Hui , Fang Shiyue , Liang Fei , Li Min 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to discuss an initial boundary value problem for the stochastic quasilinear viscoelastic evolution equation with memory driven by additive noise. We prove the existence of global solution and asymptotic stability of the solution using some properties of the convex functions. Moreover, our result is established without imposing restrictive assumptions on the behavior of the relaxation function at infinity.
Effects of dietary hemp seed oil to sows on fatty acid profiles, nutritional and immune status of piglets
Authors: Vodolazska D. , Lauridsen C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The oil from industrial hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa) is an ideal source of stearidonic acid, which is a precursor fatty acid for the long-chained n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. These fatty acids are important for neonatal development, health and immunity. Hemp seed oil has been investigated for the influence on human health, but research on the impact in pig nutrition is scarce. The aim of our research was to study the effect of dietary hemp seed oil relative to soybean oil to lactating sows on the transfer of fatty acids to the off-spring and the effect on piglets’ immune and nutritional status.

Results
The fatty acid composition of the hemp seed and the soybean oil influenced the fatty acid composition of sow plasma, colostrum and mature milk. The highest proportion of C18:3n-3, C18:4n-3 and C20:4n-6 was obtained in mature milk fat of sows fed 5% hemp seed oil diet when compared to the other dietary fat sources (5% soybean oil or a 50:50 mix of hemp and soybean oil at 5%). The effect of dietary oil supplementation to sows was reflected in the plasma fatty acids profile of piglets. Notably the proportion of C20:5n-3 and C22:5n-3 was the highest in plasma of piglets suckling sows fed hemp seed oil-containing diets, whereas no C18:4n-3 could be detected hence indicating conversion of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and stearidonic acid (SDA) to the longer chained n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Dietary fat source also influenced number of born piglets, their weight gain during first week, plasma concentration of glucose and IgG, and haematological profile.

Conclusions
The hemp seed oil resulted in direct maternal supply with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), especially ALA and SDA, and piglets were able to convert these fatty acids obtained via the sow milk intake to C20:5n-3 and C22:5n-3. Furthermore, some interesting effects of the 5% hemp seed oil was obtained with regard to piglet initial body weight gain and glucose, which could be of interest for further research, i.e., the capability of hemp seed oil to benefit piglets during early life.
Population dynamics, pathogen detection and insecticide resistance of mosquito and sand fly in refugee camps, Greece
Authors: Fotakis Emmanouil Alexandros , Giantsis Ioannis Apostolou , Castells Sierra Javier , Tanti Filianna , Balaska Sofia , Mavridis Konstantinos , Kourtidis Sofoklis , Vontas John , Chaskopoulou Alexandra 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
As of 2015 thousands of refugees are being hosted in temporary refugee camps in Greece. Displaced populations, travelling and living under poor conditions with limited access to healthcare are at a high risk of exposure to vector borne disease (VBD). This study sought to evaluate the risk for VBD transmission within refugee camps in Greece by analyzing the mosquito and sand fly populations present, in light of designing effective and efficient context specific vector and disease control programs.

Methods
A vector/pathogen surveillance network targeting mosquitoes and sand flies was deployed in four temporary refugee camps in Greece. Sample collections were conducted bi-weekly during June–September 2017 with the use of Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps and oviposition traps. Using conventional and molecular diagnostic tools we investigated the mosquito/sand fly species composition, population dynamics, pathogen infection rates, and insecticide resistance status in the major vector species.

Results
Important disease vectors including Anopheles sacharovi, Culex pipiens, Aedes albopictus and the Leishmania vectors Phlebotomus neglectus, P. perfiliewi and P. tobbi were recorded in the study refugee camps. No mosquito pathogens (Plasmodium parasites, flaviviruses) were detected in the analysed samples yet high sand fly Leishmania infection rates are reported. Culex pipiens mosquitoes displayed relatively high knock down resistance (kdr) mutation allelic frequencies (ranging from 41.0 to 63.3%) while kdr mutations were also detected in Ae. albopictus populations, but not in Anopheles and sand fly specimens. No diflubenzuron (DFB) mutations were detected in any of the mosquito species analysed.

Conclusions
Important disease vectors and pathogens in vectors (Leishmania spp.) were recorded in the refugee camps indicating a situational risk factor for disease transmission. The Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus kdr mutation frequencies recorded pose a potential threat against the effectiveness of pyrethroid insecticides in these settings. In contrast, pyrethroids appear suitable for the control of Anopheles mosquitoes and sand flies and DFB for Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus larvicide applications. Targeted actions ensuring adequate living conditions and the establishment of integrated vector-borne disease surveillance programs in refugee settlements are essential for protecting refugee populations against VBDs.
A comparison on visual prediction models for MAMO (multi activity-multi object) recognition using deep learning
Authors: Padmaja Budi , Myneni Madhu Bala , Krishna Rao Patro Epili 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMulti activity-multi object recognition (MAMO) is a challenging task in visual systems for monitoring, recognizing and alerting in various public places, such as universities, hospitals and airports. While both academic and commercial researchers are aiming towards automatic tracking of human activities in intelligent video surveillance using deep learning frameworks. This is required for many real time applications to detect unusual/suspicious activities like tracking of suspicious behaviour in crime events etc. The primary purpose of this paper is to render a multi class activity prediction in individuals as well as groups from video sequences by using the state-of-the-art object detector You Look only Once (YOLOv3). By optimum utilization of the geographical information of cameras and YOLO object detection framework, a Deep Landmark model recognize a simple to complex human actions on gray scale to RGB image frames of video sequences. This model is tested and compared with various benchmark datasets and found to be the most precise model for detecting human activities in video streams. Upon analysing the experimental results, it has been observed that the proposed method shows superior performance as well as high accuracy.
Effects of a regenerating matrix on the survival of birds in tropical forest fragments
Authors: Wolfe Jared D. , Stouffer Philip C. , Bierregaard Richard O. , Luther David A. , Lovejoy Thomas E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Vast areas of lowland neotropical forest have regenerated after initially being cleared for agricultural purposes. The ecological value of regenerating second growth to forest-dwelling birds may largely depend on the age of the forest, associated vegetative structure, and when it is capable of sustaining avian demographics similar to those found in pristine forest.

Methods
To determine the influence of second growth age on bird demography, we estimated the annual survival of six central Amazonian bird species residing in pristine forest, a single 100 and a single 10 ha forest fragment, taking into consideration age of the surrounding matrix (i.e. regenerating forest adjacent to each fragment) as an explanatory variable.

Results
Study species exhibited three responses: arboreal, flocking and ant-following insectivores (Willisornis poecilinotus, Thamnomanes ardesiacus and Pithys albifrons) showed declines in survival associated with fragmentation followed by an increase in survival after 5 years of matrix regeneration. Conversely, Percnostola rufifrons, a gap-specialist, showed elevated survival in response to fragmentation followed by a decline after 5 years of regeneration. Lastly, facultative flocking and frugivore species (Glyphorynchus spirurus and Dixiphia pipra, respectively) showed no response to adjacent clearing and subsequent regeneration.

Conclusions
Our results in association with previous studies confirm that the value of regenerating forest surrounding habitat patches is dependent on two factors: ecological guild of the species in question and second growth age. Given the rapid increase in survival following succession, we suggest that the ecological value of young tropical forest should not be based solely on a contemporary snapshot, but rather, on the future value of mature second growth as well.
Bone plate repositioned over the antrostomy after sinus floor elevation: an experimental study in sheep
Authors: Perini Alessandro , Ferrante Giada , Sivolella Stefano , Velez Joaquín Urbizo , Bengazi Franco , Botticelli Daniele 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the healing of the augmented sinus at which the antrostomy was covered with a membrane or the repositioned bone plate.Eight sheep underwent bilateral maxillary sinus floor augmentation. The control site was covered with a resorbable membrane, while at the experimental site the bone plate was repositioned, and both were secured with cyanoacrylate. Animals were euthanised after 4 months and histomorphometric analysis was performed.A large amount of the graft appeared to be partially interpenetrated by the newly formed bone. Statistical analysis demonstrated different percentages of the new bone and bone interpenetrated to the graft between test and control site in the close-to-window area respectively 22.1 ± 12.6 vs 7.5 ± 4.5 (P= 0.028) and 66.1 ± 14.7 vs 44.2 ± 15.1 (P= 0.046). Other areas showed no difference in the bone and graft amount. More bone was found at the edges of the antrostomy in the experimental site, without statistical significance. In the centre of the antrostomy, the replaced bony window appeared bonded to the newly formed bone. No remnants and no biological response to cyanoacrylate were observed.The repositioning of the bony window after sinus floor elevation in sheep led to a larger amount of newly formed bone in the close-to-window zone of the grafted area. The bony window appeared partially bonded to the new bone. Newly formed bone was found interpenetrating the graft granules.
Laparoscopic surgery for two patients with strangulated transomental hernias
Authors: Fujimoto Yuka , Ohya Yuki , Hayashida Shintaro , Iizaka Masayoshi , Maeda Yuto , Kumamoto Sayahito , Tsuji Akira , Shibata Hidekatsu , Kuramoto Kunitaka , Hayashi Hironori , Nakahara Osamu , Tomiyasu Shinjiro , Inomata Yukihiro 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Transomental hernias are a rare type of internal hernia. We report two cases of successful cases of laparoscopic repair. One required laparotomy due to concern for intestinal viability.

Case presentation
The first patient was a 67-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain and vomiting. He had no history of laparotomy or abdominal injury. Computed tomography suggested small bowel obstruction and possible intestinal strangulation. Emergent laparoscopy found approximately 200 cm of small bowel was strangulated around the greater omentum. The strangulation was released laparoscopically, but because of the color of the strangulated bowel, laparotomy was performed to evaluate viability. The involved portion of intestine was not resected. The patient experienced transient postoperative paralytic ileus and was discharged on postoperative day 14. The second patient was a 56-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography revealed dilatation of the small intestine and a closed loop suggesting ileus due to intestinal strangulation. An emergency laparoscopy found a transomental hernia, and the strangulation was released laparoscopically. Recovery was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 6.

Conclusion
Transomental hernia can be successfully treated laparoscopically. In cases where bowel viability is a concern, laparotomy should not be hesitated.
Grade IV traumatic pancreatic injury with primary duodenum malignant lymphoma following pancreatoduodenectomy: a case report
Authors: Ono Kosuke , Abe Tomoyuki , Amano Hironobu , Yonehara Shuji , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Nakahara Masahiro , Ohdan Hideki , Noriyuki Toshio 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Traumatic pancreatic injury with a main pancreatic duct injury has a high incidence of mortality and requires a prompt and appropriate treatment. However, the best approach, and treatment options, which may be limited, remains controversial especially for the elderly patients. Herein, we present a case of traumatic pancreatic injury in an elderly patient for whom pancreatoduodenectomy was safe and effective.

Case presentation
An 87-year-old man was diagnosed with a traumatic pancreatic injury with a main pancreatic duct injury. In addition, the horizontal segment of the duodenum was largely eradicated. There were no comorbidities, and his vital signs were stable. A pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and he was discharged. Pathological examination revealed a primary follicular lymphoma of the duodenum.

Conclusions
This case demonstrated that pancreatoduodenectomy could be performed safely for a severe pancreatic injury in an elderly patient. However, special attention should be paid to select the optimal surgical procedure. Further, this was a rare case, as initially a primary follicular lymphoma of the duodenum was suspected as a duodenal injury coexisting with a traumatic pancreatic injury because of the increased duodenal thickness.
Vitamin D status among postmenopausal osteoporotic women: a hospital based cross-sectional study from Northern Sri Lanka
Authors: Suganthan Navaneethakrishnan , Kumanan Thirunavukarasu , Kesavan Vithegi , Aravinthan Mahalingam , Rajeshkannan Nadarajah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Vitamin D deficiency is common among post-menopausal women and it is important to treat vitamin D deficiency to prevent falls and fractures in patients with osteoporosis. Few studies examined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in general population of Sri Lanka but no studies to date done among post-menopausal women with osteoporosis in Sri Lanka. This is the first study in Sri Lanka of such kind conducted to evaluate the serum vitamin D levels among postmenopausal women.

Methods
Cross-sectional study was conducted at the Endocrine Unit, Teaching Hospital Jaffna from January to December 2018. During this period 105 postmenopausal women who registered for bone density assessment were recruited to the study. Data collection was done by investigators and blood sample was taken from each participant by registered nurses and total 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D level (25(OH)-Vit D) was measured by competitive immunoassay with enhanced chemiluminiscence technique, levels were categorized and analysis was done using SPSS 26.

Results
Mean age of 105 postmenopausal women was 67.7 with minimum 33 and maximum 84 years. Mean total 25(OH)-Vit D was 27.5 (range11.7–52.5 ng/mL). 25(OH)-Vit D levels were adequate in only 36.2% (95%CI: 27–45), 44% had insufficient levels and deficiency was present in 19% (95%CI: 12–27) of postmenopausal women. Among total study participants 20% were vegetarian, 53, 76.2 and 64.8% were consuming milk, fish and egg respectively and 71.4% reported adequate level of sun exposure (> 30 min/day). Commonly reported vitamin D deficiency symptoms include paraesthesia (57.1%), bone-pain (55.2%), easy fatigability (54.3%), malaise (51.4%), muscle cramps (43.8%) and proximal myopathy (40.0%). Nevertheless, comparison of musculoskeletal symptoms between group with sufficient level and group with insufficient and deficient level showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). Among 71 participants (66.7%) who completed bone density assessment, 38% (95%CI: 27–49) showed osteoporosis. Vertebral Z score showed a significant correlation with 25(OH)-Vit D level (r-0.252, P-0.03).

Conclusion
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is relatively high among the post-menopausal women with a provisional diagnosis of osteoporosis. It is essential to consider vitamin D supplementation when initiating treatment for osteoporosis. Hence, Vitamin D testing is desirable in decision making to treat or not to treat.
Improving English reading for EFL readers with reviewing kit-build concept map
Authors: Andoko Banni Satria , Hayashi Yusuke , Hirashima Tsukasa , Asri Atiqah Nurul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractReading comprehension for English as foreign language (EFL) students is crucial. Available information is mostly written in English, which becomes a problem for students from non-English-speaking countries. Such students should master English first in order to understand the information. This research offers a method to improve English reading with the help of the kit-build concept map as a graphical strategy and an additional function called source connection to facilitate EFL readers in reviewing their concept maps as the representation of their understanding. In this study, an English teacher in an Indonesian university practically used this system in the English class of second-year undergraduate students as EFL readers and tested the effectiveness of it. Results confirm that students who use the kit-build concept map with the source connection function show better performance in English reading compared with those who employ the traditional summarization method.