bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural characterisation of molecular conformation and the incorporation of adatoms in an on-surface Ullmann-type reaction
Authors: Judd Chris J. , Junqueira Filipe L. Q. , Haddow Sarah L. , Champness Neil R. , Duncan David A. , Jones Robert G. , Saywell Alex 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe on-surface synthesis of covalently bonded materials differs from solution-phase synthesis in several respects. The transition from a three-dimensional reaction volume to quasi-two-dimensional confinement, as is the case for on-surface synthesis, has the potential to facilitate alternative reaction pathways to those available in solution. Ullmann-type reactions, where the surface plays a role in the coupling of aryl-halide functionalised species, has been shown to facilitate extended one- and two-dimensional structures. Here we employ a combination of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray standing wave (XSW) analysis to perform a chemical and structural characterisation of the Ullmann-type coupling of two iodine functionalised species on a Ag(111) surface held under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. Our results allow characterisation of molecular conformations and adsorption geometries within an on-surface reaction and provide insight into the incorporation of metal adatoms within the intermediate structures of the reaction.
Sevoflurane protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reperfusion injury via LINC01133/miR-30a-5p axis
Authors: Yu Zhenyi , Ren Qiusheng , Yu Shenghui , Gao Xiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Previous studies failed to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of anesthetic preconditioning as a protective approach against ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury in cells. The present study mainly centered on discovering the mechanisms of Sevoflurane (Sev) in preventing cardiomyocytes against I/R injury. Human cardiomyocyte AC16 cell line was used to simulate I/R injury based on a hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) model. After Sev treatment, cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content was measured using an LDH Detection Kit. Relative mRNA and protein expressions of LINC01133, miR-30a-5p and apoptosis-related proteins were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot as needed. Target gene of miR-30a-5p and their potential binding sites were predicted using Starbase and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Cell behaviors were assessed again after miR-30a-5p and LINC01133 transfection. Sev could improve cell viability, reduce LDH leakage, and down-regulate the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9) and LINC01133 as well as up-regulate miR-30a-5p and Bcl-2 expressions in H/R cells. MiR-30a-5p was the target of LINC01133, and up-regulating miR-30a-5p enhanced the effects of Sev in H/R cells, with a suppression on H/R-induced activation of the p53 signaling pathway. However, up-regulating LINC01133 reversed the enhancing effects of miR-30a-5p on Sev pretreatment in H/R cells. Sev could protect cardiomyocytes against H/R injury through the miR-30a-5p/LINC01133 axis, which may provide a possible therapeutic method for curing cardiovascular I/R injury.
Muscle Tension Dysphagia Evaluation and Treatment
Authors: Kang Christina H. , Lott David G. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This clinical focus article introduces primary and secondary muscle tension dysphagia (MTDg) as a functional idiopathic dysphagia that is often encountered in the otolaryngology clinic setting. Critical aspects of clinical assessment and treatment approaches will be discussed. The presented case study will describe a multidisciplinary evaluation and efficacy of therapy.

Conclusions
MTDg is a diagnosis of exclusion for a functional idiopathic swallowing disorder associated with abnormal laryngeal muscle tension. Abnormal laryngeal muscle tension is often associated with disorders of laryngeal hyperresponsiveness such as muscle tension dysphonia, chronic cough, globus pharyngeus, and paradoxical vocal fold motion. MTDg patients may exhibit concurrent disorders of laryngeal hyperresponsiveness. Proper dysphagia and gastroesophageal screening are critical in diagnosis of MTDg and must not be omitted. Our studies have shown high treatment efficacy with unloading of laryngeal muscle tension with the use of voice therapy technique utilized in treatment of muscle tension dysphonia.
Design of highly sensitive complementary metamaterial‐based microwave sensor for characterisation of dielectric materials
Authors: Samad Abdul , Hu Wei Dong , Shahzad Waseem , Raza Hamid , Ligthart Leo P. 
Published: November 2020

Metamaterial‐based double‐slit complementary split rectangular resonator sensor is proposed for the characterisation of dielectric properties of the materials under test (MUTs). The proposed sensor is designed and simulated on the CST microwave studio software using a low‐cost substrate FR4. An array of three identical resonators is etched in the ground plane of the sensor to achieve a single and deep notch of −58.7 dB in the transmission coefficient (S21) at the resonant frequency of 7.01 GHz, which is the novelty of the proposed sensor. A deep and single resonant frequency band has a significant role in the precise measurement of the dielectric properties of the MUTs. The effective constitutive parameters are extracted from the S‐parameters. An equivalent circuit model is suggested that describes the overall behaviour of the sensor. The sensor is fabricated on the FR4 substrate and measured through the vector network analyser (N5224B) by placing the standard materials. The parabolic equation for the proposed sensor is formulated to approximate the permittivity of the MUTs. A very small percentage of error, 0.77, is found which shows high accuracy of the sensor. This methodology is efficient, simple in fabrication, and reduces cost and computational time also.
Long‐duration acceptance test for an operating integrated solar combined cycle solar field
Authors: E.L. Weteedy Ahmed , Elmaihy Ali 
Published: November 2020

The commercial concern in performance testing validation increases due to the enlargement of the concentrating solar power production. Unfortunately, no common approach or test code exists worldwide for this principle. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers and others are currently developing standards for concentrated solar power plants that have not come to fruition yet. In this study, the long‐duration performance acceptance test was carried out for the integrated solar combined cycle solar field of Kurymat, Egypt. The work included measurement of meteorological and operational data, calculation of the thermal energy output, and auxiliary energy consumption of parabolic trough (PT) solar field during consecutive 14 days with 88 total operating hours, to verify the predicted performance metrics under specified test conditions. The testing procedures, model formulation and measured data uncertainties of the solar field were conducted. The model predictions and measured results with their uncertainties were compared. The study can be potentially advantageous for the current developing international performance testing codes to validate the proposed acceptance test guidelines of PT solar field.
Effect of heat treating process on phase transformation and photocatalytic activity of Zn‐doped nano‐titania
Authors: Bao Tana , Tian Xiao , Naren Gerile , Ojiyed Tegus 
Published: November 2020

The undoped titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc‐doped TiO2 gels were prepared by sol–gel method. The nano‐TiO2 powders were prepared by controlling the sintering temperature. The phase compositions of the sintered samples were analysed by powder X‐ray diffraction; the microstructure was analysed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscope; the photocatalytic activity was analysed by photochemical reactions instrument. The combined action of Zn2+ doping and heat treatment on phase transformation and photocatalytic performance of TiO2 were analysed. The results show that, when the Zn ion doping amount is within 1–5 mol%, it promotes the conversion of anatase to rutile transition as the presence of ZnTiO3. The photocatalytic performance of TiO2 sintered at 700°C is better than sintered at 400°C.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of mesoporous γ‐Fe2O3 for dye removal
Authors: Roy Arup 
Published: November 2020

The synthesis of mesoporous γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles by eco‐friendly one‐step microwave irradiation method in ambient atmospheres without surfactants as described in this Letter. Characterisation of synthesised nanoparticles was performed by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area & pore volume analyser, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and superconducting quantum interference device. The adsorption behaviour of nanoparticles towards methyl orange, an azo dye, was examined in aqueous solutions under various operational conditions like pH, temperature, contact time, and adsorbent weight. Results suggest that as‐synthesised γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles are mesoporous and superparamagnetic at room temperature. Some characteristics of γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles, for example, saturation magnetisation, pore diameters, specific surface areas, and pore volumes are 72.0 emu g−1, 7.11 nm, 189.35 m2 g−1, and 0.52 cm3 g−1, respectively. The experimental data of adsorption study fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model and maximum adsorption capacity is 403.23 mg g−1. The reusability of the γ‐Fe2O3 nanomaterials was examined, and it can be recycled for ten cycles. In sum, this simple eco‐friendly synthesis method of magnetic mesoporous adsorbent is suitable for large scale production without any template or surfactant or inert atmosphere.
Accès aux soins face à l’enjeu de la rééducation maxillo-faciale dans les dyspraxies oro-faciales – Enquête auprès des orthodontistes en France
Authors: Daunay Sarah , Breton-Torres Isabelle , Leclercq Pierre , Jammet Patrick 
Published: November 2020

Introduction : L’inégalité d’accès aux soins de rééducation maxillo-faciale pour les patients traités en orthodontie est un problème récurrent auquel sont confrontés les praticiens dans leur prise en charge. Afin de pallier cette pénurie de rééducateurs formés, certains orthodontistes utilisent des exercices ainsi que des appareils fonctionnels et coercitifs et prodiguent des conseils d’auto-rééducation ou d’hygiène de vie. L’objectif primaire de cette étude est de déterminer, dans le cadre des dyspraxies oro-faciales, la proportion de patients pris en charge par un rééducateur spécialisé dans le cadre de leur traitement d’orthodontie, ainsi que les attentes des praticiens. L’objectif secondaire est de mettre en lumière le comportement des orthodontistes en cas d’absence de prise en charge de leur patient.
Matériel & Méthode : Cette étude épidémiologique, observationnelle, descriptive, transversale et unique, consiste en un questionnaire qui a été soumis par e-mail à 500 orthodontistes en activité en février 2018 en France. L’enquête a été réalisée sur le logiciel « Googleform », les statistiques étaient réalisées directement via le logiciel et les réponses ouvertes analysées de façon descriptives par les auteurs.
Résultats : 200 questionnaires ont été remplis. Parmi les orthodontistes adressant leurs patients chez un rééducateur spécialisé, 33% estiment que la totalité est prise en charge. Chez les 67% restant, 59% des orthodontistes pratiquent une rééducation par eux-mêmes.
Conclusion : L’enquête révèle un accès à la rééducation limité pour une partie de patients qui en auraient besoin.
Gestion orthopédique d’une ankylose de l’ATM chez l’enfant
Authors: Villalon-Pooley Pamela , Hernandez-Veliz Camila , Pinto-Chavez Maria Fernanda , Bourdiol Pierre 
Published: November 2020

Parmi les fractures cranio-faciales, celles affectant le condyle mandibulaire font partie des fractures les plus souvent rencontrées chez le patient en âge pédiatrique. L’évolution sans traitement peut produire une ankylose temporo-mandibulaire entraînant troubles fonctionnels et asymétrie de la croissance cranio-faciale. Le traitement traditionnellement chirurgical est d’un pronostic généralement réservé.
Dans cet article est présenté le cas d’un patient, âgé de quatre ans, atteint d’ankylose fibreuse de l’articulation temporo-mandibulaire gauche, suite probable d’une fracture du col du condyle non-diagnostiquée. La libération fonctionnelle de la fibro-ankylose articulaire a été l’objectif de la première étape thérapeutique. Celle-ci a été suivie, à l’âge de sept ans, d’une distraction articulaire obtenue au moyen de butées occlusales controlatérales disposées côté droit. Ceci a produit un ajustement de la croissance dento-alvéolaire assurant à la fois un rattrapage du déficit de croissance unilatéral de départ et une néoformation condylienne par remodelage de l’articulation temporo-mandibulaire gauche. Quatre années après la mise en route de la phase orthopédique initiale, la fonction articulaire restaurée et l’équilibre facial obtenu restent stables chez ce jeune patient
Enhanced Oral Bioavailability and Improved Biological Activities of a Quercetin/Resveratrol Combination Using a Liquid Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System
Authors: Jaisamut Patcharawalai , Wanna Subhaphorn , Limsuwan Surasak , Chusri Sasitorn , Wiwattanawongsa Kamonthip , Wiwattanapatapee Ruedeekorn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBoth quercetin and resveratrol are promising plant-derived compounds with various well-described biological activities; however, they are categorized as having low aqueous solubility and labile natural compounds. The purpose of the present study was to propose a drug delivery system to enhance the oral bioavailability of combined quercetin and resveratrol. The suitable self-microemulsifying formulation containing quercetin together with resveratrol comprised 100 mg Capryol 90, 700 mg Cremophor EL, 200 mg Labrasol, 20 mg quercetin, and 20 mg resveratrol, which gave a particle size of 16.91 ± 0.08 nm and was stable under both intermediate and accelerated storage conditions for 12 months. The percentages of release for quercetin and resveratrol in the self-microemulsifying formulation were 75.88 ± 1.44 and 86.32 ± 2.32%, respectively, at 30 min. In rats, an in vivo pharmacokinetics study revealed that the area under the curve of the self-microemulsifying formulation
containing quercetin and resveratrol increased approximately ninefold for quercetin and threefold for resveratrol compared with the unformulated compounds. Moreover, the self-microemulsifying formulation containing quercetin and resveratrol slightly enhanced the in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic effects on AGS, Caco-2, and HT-29 cells. These findings demonstrate that the self-microemulsifying formulation containing quercetin and resveratrol could successfully enhance the oral bioavailability of the combination of quercetin and resveratrol without interfering with their biological activities. These results provide valuable information for more in-depth research into the utilization of combined quercetin and resveratrol.
Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome in the Leg: Comparing Surgery to Conservative Therapy
Authors: Vogels Sanne , Ritchie Ewan D. , Hundscheid Henricus PH , van Someren Kim , Janssen Loes , Hoencamp Rigo , Scheltinga Marc R 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this nonrandomized cohort study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of an elective fasciotomy with conservative treatment for chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the leg. Patients diagnosed with chronic exertional compartment syndrome who opted for surgery (n=188) completed a preoperative questionnaire and a 12-month postoperative questionnaire. Patients who continued conservative treatments (n=23) served as controls. Gender, age, sports activity or affected compartments were comparable, but intensity of pain was higher in the surgical group (at rest: 2.5±0.1 vs. 2.0±0.2, during exercise: 4.2±0.1 vs. 3.8±0.2; both p<0.05). Following treatment, surgical patients demonstrated a larger drop in intensity levels of pain (surgery 1.6±0.1, conservative 0.9±0.2, p=0.01) and tightness (surgery 1.4±0.1, conservative 0.4±0.3, p=0.00) during exercise. Success (good or excellent treatment effect) was attained in 42% of the surgical group compared to only 17% in the conservatively treated group (p=0.02). However, previous activity level was achieved in a mere 26% in the surgical treatment group and 35% in the conservative treatment group (p=0.33). A fasciotomy for chronic exertional compartment syndrome in the leg results in significantly decreased levels of pain and tightness and better satisfaction compared to patients who continued a conservative treatment regimen.
Exergaming and Aquatic Exercises Affect Lung Function and Weight Loss in Obese Children
Authors: Irandoust Khadijeh , Taheri Morteza , H’mida Cyrine , Neto Gabriel Rodrigues , Trabelsi Khaled , Ammar Achraf , Souissi Nizar , Chtourou Hamdi , Nikolaidis Pantelis T. , Rosemann Thomas , Knechtle Beat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigated the effect of exergames and aquatic exercises on lung function and weight loss in obese children. Sixty-one obese male primary-school children were randomly allocated to video game, aquatic exercise, and control groups. Lung functions and anthropometric variables were measured before and after the intervention and after one month (follow-up). In the video game group, an Xbox Kinect game was played for 60 min during three sessions a week. The aquatic aerobic exercise was performed three times per week and consisted of a warm-up, main exercises, and a cool down phase. For the video game group, there was a significant reduction in body weight between (i) pre- and (ii) post-intervention and follow-up. In the aquatic exercise group, there was a significant reduction in body weight between pre- and post-intervention and between pre-intervention and follow-up. Both exercise groups improved the waist/hip ratio index compared to the control group. Forced vital capacity was significantly improved in the follow-up of the video game group and the aquatic exercise group compared to the control group. A significant improvement was found in forced expiratory volume in the first second at post-intervention and follow-up in the video game and the aquatic exercise groups. Exergames and aquatic exercises improved weight loss and lung function in obese children.
Favipiravir and COVID-19: A Simplified Summary
Authors: Ghasemnejad-Berenji Morteza , Pashapour Sarvin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 and then spread rapidly all over the world. However, there are no specific antiviral therapies for COVID-19, using the agents which approved or in development for other viral infections is one of the potentially quickest ways to find treatment for this new viral infection. Favipiravir is an effective agent that acts as a nucleotide analog that selectively inhibits the viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase or causes lethal mutagenesis upon incorporation into the virus RNA. In view of recent studies and discussion on favipiravir, in this mini review we aimed to summarize the clinical trials studying the efficacy and safety of favipiravir in patients with COVID-19.
Epilepsy—Work-Up and Management in Children
Authors: Tenney Jeffrey R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPediatric epilepsy is a highly variable condition due to age-related expression of syndromes that require specific diagnosis, evaluations, and treatments. Children with epilepsy differ from their adult counterparts in many important ways, mostly related to the age-related expression of specific epilepsy syndromes. This results in many important considerations related to the epilepsy diagnosis, classification, evaluations to determine an etiology, as well as treatment guidelines. A good understanding of these factors will help to establish an accurate epilepsy diagnosis, which in turn will guide appropriate testing and treatment decisions. In this way, patients will have improved seizure outcomes, and families will be educated appropriately and provided with the most accurate prognostic information available. The purpose of this article is to review the diagnosis, work-up, and management of pediatric epilepsy.
Electroencephalogram Monitoring in Critical Care
Authors: Rubinos Clio , Alkhachroum Ayham , Der-Nigoghossian Caroline , Claassen Jan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSeizures are common in critically ill patients. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a tool that enables clinicians to provide continuous brain monitoring and to guide treatment decisions—brain telemetry. EEG monitoring has particular utility in the intensive care unit as most seizures in this setting are nonconvulsive. Despite the increased use of EEG monitoring in the critical care unit, it remains underutilized. In this review, we summarize the utility of EEG and different EEG modalities to monitor patients in the critical care setting.
Academic incentives for enhancing faculty engagement with decision-makers—considerations and recommendations from one School of Public Health
Authors: Jessani Nasreen S. , Valmeekanathan Akshara , Babcock Carly M. , Ling Brenton 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn academia, faculty are bound by three pillars of scholarship: Teaching, Research and Service. Academic promotion and tenure depend on metrics of assessment for these three pillars. However, what is and is not acceptable as “service” is often nebulous and left to the discretion of internal committees. With evolving requirements by funders to demonstrate wider impacts of research, we were keen to understand the financial and non-financial incentives for academic faculty to engage in knowledge translation and research utilization. Between November 2017–February 2018, 52 faculty from one School of Public Health (SPH) were interviewed. Data was analyzed using Atlas.Ti and furthermore with framework analysis. The appeal of incentives varied according to personal values, previous experiences, relevance of research to decision-making, individual capacities, and comfort ranging from instinctive support to reflexive resistance. Discussions around types of incentives elicited a plethora of ideas within 4 different categories: (a) Monetary Support, (b) Professional Recognition, (c) Academic Promotion, and (d) Capacity Enhancement. However, concerns included adverse incentives, disadvantaging suboptimally-equipped faculty, risk of existing efforts going unnoticed, vaguely defined evaluation metrics, and the impacts on promotion given that engagement activities often occur outside of the traditional grant cycle. With a shift in funder requests to demonstrate greater social return on their research investments, as well as renewed global attention to research, science and evidence for decision making, SPHs such as this one, are likely going to be concerned about the implications of an enhanced “service” pillar on the other two pillars: teaching and research. The role of incentives in enhancing academic engagement with policy and practice is therefore neither simple nor universally ideal. A tempered approach that considers the various professional aspirations of faculty, the capacities required, organisational culture of values around specific discovery sciences, funder conditions, as well as alignment with the institution’s mission is critical. Deliberations on incentives leads to a larger debate on how to we shift the culture of academia beyond incentives for individuals who are engagement-inclined to institutions that are engagement-ready, without imposing on or penalizing faculty who are choice-disengaged.