bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host phylogeny matters: examining sources of variation in infection risk by blood parasites across a tropical montane bird community in India
Authors: Gupta Pooja , Vishnudas C.K. , Robin V.V. , Dharmarajan Guha 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Identifying patterns and drivers of infection risk among host communities is crucial to elucidate disease dynamics and predict infectious disease risk in wildlife populations. Blood parasites of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus are a diverse group of vector-borne protozoan parasites that affect bird populations globally. Despite their widespread distribution and exceptional diversity, factors underlying haemosporidian infection risk in wild bird communities remain poorly understood. While some studies have examined variation in avian haemosporidian risk, researchers have primarily focused on host ecological traits without considering host phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we employ a phylogenetically informed approach to examine the association between host ecological traits and haemosporidian infection risk in endemic bird communities in the Western Ghats Sky Islands.Methods: We used parasite sequence data based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, that was amplified from genomic DNA extracted from 1177 birds (28 species) across the Western Ghats to assess infection of birds with haemosporidian parasites. We employed a Bayesian phylogenetic mixed effect modelling approach to test whether haemosporidian infection risk was affected by seven species-specific and four individual-level ecological predictors. We also examined the effect of host phylogenetic relationships on the observed patterns of variation in haemosporidian infection risk by estimating phylogenetic signal.Results: Our study shows that host ecological traits and host phylogeny differentially influence infection risk by Plasmodium (generalist parasite) and Haemoproteus (specialist parasite). For Plasmodium, we found that sociality, sexual dimorphism and foraging strata were important ecological predictors. For Haemoproteus, patterns of infection risk among host species were associated with sociality, species elevation and individual body condition. Interestingly, variance in infection risk explained by host phylogeny was higher for Haemoproteus parasites compared to Plasmodium. Conclusions: Our study highlights that while host ecological traits promoting parasite exposure and host susceptibility are important determinants of infection risk, host phylogeny also contributes substantially to predicting patterns of haemosporidian infection risk in multi-host communities. Importantly, infection risk is driven by joint contributions of host ecology and host phylogeny and studying these effects together could increase our ability to better understand the drivers of infection risk and predict future disease threats.
The impact of the fipronil crisis on the financial performance of Dutch laying hen farms
Authors: Sok Jaap , Horne Peter van , Meuwissen Miranda 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Illegal use of fipronil as an insecticide in 2017 has caused substantial damage to Dutch laying hen farms. We assessed how the fipronil crisis has affected the financial performance of affected farms as well as unaffected farms. While affected farms faced culling their flocks and lost revenue, unaffected farms benefitted from temporary high egg prices.Methods: A three-step normative modelling approach is taken using financial statements and a partial budget. The estimations are for a 50 000 laying hen farm facing the fipronil crisis for five months. First, a baseline is created by generating an income statement of this laying hen farm representing a ‘normal year’. Second, incremental costs and revenue as a result of the fipronil crisis are estimated. Third, the baseline income statement is updated with the outcomes of the partial budget. This result in two additional income statements that report the net operating result of this farm being unaffected and affected by the fipronil crisis. Results: While in a normal year this average-sized farm has a net operating result of around 18k euro, profitability was estimated to be -369k euro and +169k euro for the affected and unaffected farm due to the crisis respectively. For affected farms, impacts were especially high as there was no government compensation or insurance. Conclusions: As Dutch farms typically operate as independent family farms, there was also no compensation from other chain actors. The affected farms therefore likely have faced financial distress and have had to increase debt or use their financial reserves for household consumption and restarting the business. Outcomes contribute to discussions around liability claims and cost-benefit assessments of measures to improve chain food safety and rapid alert systems.
Investigating the Feasibility of Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to facilitate Post-Stroke Overground Gait Performance in Chronic Stroke: a partial least-squares regression approach
Authors: Solanki Dhaval , Rezaee Zeynab , Dutta Anirban , Lahiri Uttama 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Cerebellar transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (ctDCS) has been shown to be promising as an adjuvant treatment to facilitate post-stroke gait rehabilitation; however, investigation of lobule-specific electric field effects on overground gait performance has not been performed.
Methods: Ten chronic post-stroke male subjects participated in this repeated-measure single-blind crossover study, where we evaluated the single-session effects of two bilateral ctDCS montages that applied 2mA via 3.14cm 2 disc electrodes for 15 minutes targeting a) dentate nuclei (also, anterior and posterior lobes), and b) lower-limb representations (lobules VIIb-IX). A two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed at 5% significance level on the percent normalized change measures in the overground gait performance. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis was performed on the quantitative gait parameters as response variables to the mean lobular electric field strength as the predictors. Clinical assessments were performed with the Ten-Meter walk test (TMWT), Timed Up & Go (TUG), and the Berg Balance Scale based on minimal clinically important differences (MCID).
Results: The ctDCS montage specific effect was found significant using a two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test at a 5% significance level for 'Step Time Affected Leg' (p=0.0257) and '%Stance Time Unaffected Leg' (p=0.0376). The changes in the quantitative gait parameters were found to be correlated to the mean electric field strength in the lobules based on PLSR analysis ( R 2 statistic = 0.6574). Here, the mean electric field strength at the cerebellar lobules, Vermis VIIIb, Ipsi-lesional IX, Vermis IX, Ipsi-lesional X, had the most loading, and were positively related to the 'Step Time Affected Leg' and '%Stance Time Unaffected Leg,' and negatively related to the '%Swing Time Unaffected Leg,' '%Single Support Time Affected Leg.' Clinical assessments found similar improvement in the TMWT (MCID: 0.10m/sec), TUG (MCID: 8sec), and BBS score (MCID: 12.5 points) for both the ctDCS montages.
Conclusion: Our feasibility study found an association between the lobular mean electric field strength and the changes in the quantitative gait parameters following a single ctDCS session in chronic stroke. Both the ctDCS montages improved the clinical outcome measures that should be investigated with a larger sample size for clinical validation.
Secretory phospholipase A2-X (Pla2g10) is a novel progesterone receptor target gene exclusively induced in uterine luminal epithelium for uterine receptivity in mice
Authors: Park Hee Kyoung , Park So Hee , Lee Miji , Kim Gyeong Ryeong , Park Mira , Yang Seung Chel , Kim Yeon Sun , Lim Hyunjung Jade , Kim Hye-Ryun , Song Haengseok 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Aberration of estrogen (E2) and/or progesterone (P4) signaling pathways affects expression of their target genes, which may lead to failure of embryo implantation and following pregnancy. Although many target genes of progesterone receptors (PRs) have been identified in uterine stroma, only a few PR targets have been reported in the epithelium. Secretory phospholipase A2-(PLA2)-X, a member of the PLA2 family that releases arachidonic acids for the synthesis of prostaglandins that are important for embryo implantation, is dysregulated in the endometrium of patients suffering from repeated implantation failure. However, it is not clear whether sPLA2-X is directly regulated by ovarian steroid hormones for embryo implantation in the uterus.Result: P4 induced the Pla2g10 encoding of secretory PLA2-X in the apical region of uterine LE of ovariectomized mice via PR in both time- and dose-dependent manners, whereas E2 significantly inhibited it. This finding is consistent with the higher expression of Pla2g10 at the diestrus stage, when P4 is elevated during the estrous cycle, and at P4-treated delayed implantation. The level of Pla2g10 on day 4 of pregnancy (Day 4) was dramatically decreased on Day 5, when PRs are absent in the LE. Luciferase assays of mutagenesis in uterine epithelial cells demonstrated that four putative PR response elements in a Pla2g10 promoter region are transcriptionally active for Pla2g10. Intrauterine delivery of small interfering RNA for Pla2g10 on Day 3 significantly reduced the number of implantation sites, reinforcing the critical function(s) of Pla2g10 for uterine receptivity in mice.Conclusions: Pla2g10 is a novel PR target gene whose expression is exclusively localized in the apical region of the uterine LE for uterine receptivity for embryo implantation in mice.
The burden of the current curative expenditure of injury in Dalian, China-A study based on “System of Health Accounts 2011”&nbsp;
Authors: Sun Shu , Yang Liuna , Hu Xinzhu , Zhu Yalan , Liu Boxi , Yang Yunbin , Wang Xin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Injury is one of the major public health problems, which causes more than 5 million deaths in the world every year. Cases of specific types of injury put a great threat to human health and also add a heavy medical burden on individuals and societies. This study is aimed at assessing the financial burden of injury on patients. Methods: A total of 565 medical institutions were selected with multistage stratified cluster random sampling, containing 152553 valid samples. Subsequently, the distribution of injury current curative expenditure (CCE) in different dimensions (including age and site of injury) was analyzed under the framework of System of Health Accounts 2011(SHA 2011) using the established database. Results: In China, from 2006 to 2016, both urban and rural injury mortality rates showed an upward trend of more than 5 percentage points. In Dalian, the CCE of injury had reached 1572.73 million RMB, accounting for 7.45% of the total curative care expenditure. In the 15-24 age group, the cost of injury accounts for a larger proportion of CCE than other age groups. Among the injuries in different regions of the body, injuries to the spine, lower limb, head and foreign body entering cost the most.Conclusions: Dalian has a relatively serious burden of injury costs. The essential and primary goal is to reduce the cost. Young people in daily life and work should pay attention to protect their head and limbs from injury, the corresponding units should also do a good job in prevention.
Endochin-like quinolone-300 and ELQ-316 inhibit Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi and Theileria equi
Authors: Silva Marta G. , Bastos Reginaldo G. , Doggett J. Stone , Riscoe Michael K. , Pou Sovitj , Winter Rolf , Dodean Rozalia A. , Nilsen Aaron , Suarez Carlos E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The most common apicomplexan parasites causing bovine babesiosis are Babesia bovis and B. bigemina, while B. caballi and Theileria equi are responsible for equine piroplasmosis. Treatment and control of these diseases are usually achieved using potentially toxic chemotherapeutics, such as imidocarb diproprionate, but drug-resistant parasites are emerging, and alternative effective and safer drugs are needed. Endochin-like quinolones (ELQ)-300 and ELQ-316 proved safe and efficacious against related apicomplexans, such as Plasmodium spp., and ELQ-316 was also effective against B. microti, without showing toxicity in mammals.Methods: Inhibitory effects of ELQ-300 and ELQ-316 were assessed on the growth of cultured B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi and T. equi. Percentage of parasitized erythrocytes was measured by flow cytometry. Effect of the ELQ drugs on the viability of horse and bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was assessed by monitoring cell metabolic activity using a colorimetric assay.Results: We calculated IC50 ranging from 0.04 to 0.37 nM for ELQ-300, and from 0.002 to 0.1 nM for ELQ-316 at 72 h among all cultured parasites tested. None of the parasites tested were able to replicate in cultures in the presence of the ELQ-300 and ELQ-316 at IC100, which range from 1.3 to 5.7 nM for ELQ-300 and from 1.0 to 6.0 nM for ELQ-316 at 72 h. Neither ELQ-300 nor ELQ-316 altered the viability of equine and bovine PBMC at their IC100 in in vitro testing. Conclusions: ELQ-300 and ELQ-316 showed significant inhibitory activity on the main parasites responsible for bovine babesiosis and equine piroplasmosis at doses that are tolerable to host cells. These ELQ drugs may be viable candidates for developing alternative protocols for the treatment of bovine babesiosis and equine piroplasmosis.
Effects of Smartphone-Based Stress Management on Improving Work Engagement Among Nurses in Vietnam: Secondary Analysis of a Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sasaki Natsu , Imamura Kotaro , Tran Thuy Thi Thu , Nguyen Huong Thanh , Kuribayashi Kazuto , Sakuraya Asuka , Bui Thu Minh , Nguyen Quynh Thuy , Nguyen Nga Thi , Nguyen Giang Thi Huong , Zhang Melvyn Weibin , Minas Harry , Sekiya Yuki , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Tsutsumi Akizumi , Shimazu Akihito , Kawakami Norito 
Published: October 2020

Background
Work engagement is important for employee well-being and work performance. However, no intervention study has investigated the effect of an eMental Health intervention on work engagement among workers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Objective
The aim of the study was to examine the effects of a newly developed smartphone-based stress management program (ABC Stress Management) on improving work engagement among hospital nurses in Vietnam, an LMIC.

Methods
Full-time registered nurses (n=949) were randomly assigned to one of 2 intervention groups or a control group. The intervention groups were a 6-week, 6-lesson program offering basic cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-based stress management skills), provided in either free-choice (program A) or fixed order (program B). Work engagement was assessed at baseline and 3-month and 7-month follow-ups in each of the 3 groups.

Results
The scores of work engagement in both intervention groups improved from baseline to 3-month follow-up, and then decreased at the 7-month follow-up, while the score steadily increased from baseline to 7-month follow-up in the control group. Program B showed a significant intervention effect on improving work engagement at the 3-month follow-up (P=.049) with a small effect size (Cohen d= 0.16; 95% CI 0.001 to 0.43]). Program A showed nonsignificant trend (d=0.13; 95% CI –0.014 to 0.41; P=.07) toward improved engagement at 3 months. Neither program achieved effectiveness at the 7-month follow-up.

Conclusions
The study demonstrated that a fixed order (program B) delivery of a smartphone-based stress management program was effective in improving work engagement in nurses in Vietnam. However, the effect was small and only temporary. Further improvement of this program is required to achieve a greater effect size and more sustained, longer lasting impact on work engagement.

Trial Registration
University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000033139; tinyurl.com/55gxo253

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025138
Faire face aux exigences de comparabilité dans l’évaluation des compétences en langue seconde
Authors: Monnard Isabelle , Tièche Chantal 
Published: October 2020

L’enseignement traditionnel des langues ne produisant pas les résultats escomptés, diverses solutions sont volontiers proposées pour tenter d’y remédier. Cependant, il est très difficile de comparer la pertinence et le succès de ces diverses propositions, car on ne dispose pas d’instruments de mesure aisément transposables. Deux obstacles majeurs peuvent être repérés. Premièrement, comment comparer les performances d’élèves recueillies dans des circonstances et par des procédures d’évaluation différentes, des situations de test et des situations d’expression spontanée, par exemple? En second lieu, comment établir de l’extérieur le niveau de difficulté des énoncés compris ou produits par les élèves lorsque la nature exacte des situations travaillées en classe n’est pas la même et de plus, souvent décrite de manière insuffisamment explicite? Cet article présente une réflexion sur ces obstacles et la solution que nous proposons pour les surmonter. Nous avons développé un instrument permettant de définir le niveau de difficulté des énoncés quel que soit le contexte d’évaluation et les situations travaillées en classe. Un premier test de cet instrument, élaboré au moyen du paradigme de la généralisabilité figure dans la seconde partie.
Travail du professeur et activité de l’élève dans les dispositifs d’aide aux élèves en difficulté: un exemple, les groupes de consolidation
Authors: Amigues René 
Published: October 2020

En réponse à l’échec scolaire, les politiques éducatives proposent des dispositifs de consolidation en classe de sixième pour les élèves en difficulté en français et en mathématiques. Le processus de transposition induit par une telle organisation engendre une différence entre un apprentissage par enseignement, en vigueur dans les classes, et une aide à l’apprentissage, relativement indépendante de l’enseignement. Cet écart est à l’origine des difficultés éprouvées par les enseignants – parce que ces dispositifs ne s’inscrivent pas dans le prolongement de leur expérience professionnelle – et par les élèves – parce qu’ils produisent des malentendus didactiques chez ceux qui sont censés bénéficier d’une aide supplémentaire. Loin d’être naturelles, ces modifications organisationnelles posent la question de l’évolution du travail du professeur, des genres scolaires de transmission et des activités des élèves qui sont indissociablement liés au fonctionnement de l’école et à son évolution.
La recherche dans les Hautes Ecoles Pédagogiques. Premiers repères
Authors: Weiss Jacques 
Published: October 2020

Les Hautes Ecoles Pédagogiques (HEP), institutions supérieures de formation des maîtres, ont à intégrer la recherche dans la formation initiale et continue des enseignants enfantins, primaires et secondaires. De quelle nature sera dès lors cette recherche? Sur quel objet portera-t-elle? Qui la réalisera et comment? L’article effectue tout d’abord un détour par les universités et les recherches qui s’y mènent pour tenter d’affiner la compréhension de ce que devrait être la recherche dans les HEP. Les expériences accumulées à l’étranger, en France, dans les Instituts universitaires de formation des maîtres, et au Québec où la formation des enseignants s’effectue depuis de nombreuses années dans le cadre universitaire apportent également, à leur manière, quelques réponses à ces questions.Qu’en est-il dans les HEP à l’heure de l’ouverture de ces nouvelles institutions de formation et de recherche? Personne ne sera surpris d’apprendre que, dans ce pays fédéraliste, les conceptions sont diverses et les applications envisagées fort différentes d’un canton à l’autre. Quelques projets contrastés sont alors présentés desquels sont extraites quelques constantes, à savoir la pertinence des recherches engagées pour la formation des enseignants et l’exigence de compétences scientifiques des formateurs-chercheurs.
La scuola dell’infanzia nel canton Ticino: sviluppi storici et modelli pedagogici
Authors: Miotto Altomare Gianni , Beltrani Martino 
Published: October 2020

Dopo aver attraversato nel suo sviluppo storico tutti i diversi modelli che hanno accompagnato l’evoluzione delle strutture pedagogiche destinate alla seconda infanzia (l’asilo infantile, il Kindergarten, la Casa dei bambini montessoriana, la scuola materna), l’educazione prescolastica del Cantone Ticino, negli ultimi decenni, si è progressivamente avvicinata a una nuova visione del proprio compito educativo che ha poi assunto forma compiuta negli Orientamenti programmatici del 2000 che dettano i principi generali di quella che si è voluta denominare Scuola dell’infanzia.Si tratta di una visione dell’educazione del bambino contrassegnata da un organico itinerario di apprendimento che tenta di armonizzare i tratti caratterizzanti più positivi dei precedenti modelli per fornire risposte idonee ai bisogni di crescita del bambino nei diversi ambiti educativi della corporeità, della comunicazione verbale e non verbale, della vita affettiva e della sfera cognitiva. Partendo da alcune domande-chiave l’articolo ricostruisce i diversi passaggi attraverso i quali ha preso forma l’attuale struttura dell’educazione infantile per la fa-scia di età dai tre ai sei anni. Vengono pertanto esaminati i punti di forza e i meriti, mettendone, nel contempo, in evidenza i risvolti problematici su cui, alla ricerca di un migliore assetto, vale la pena di chinarsi ancora a riflettere. I punti specifici di osservazione qui assunti concernono la capacità di rispondere ai bisogni del bambino, il rapporto in cui la scuola dell’infanzia sa porsi rispetto alle richieste sociali, le coordinate pedagogiche di riferimento, la capacità istituzionale di porre il corpo docente in sintonia con i traguardi educativi che esso è chiamato a realizzare, la continuità educativa tra la scuola dell’infanzia e la scuola elementare.
Evaluationstätigkeit innerhalb eines eLearning-Entwicklungsprojekts
Authors: Wyrsch Arnold 
Published: October 2020

Finite Elemente Methode (FET) ist eine Berechnungstechnik für Festigkeitsprobleme im Ingenieurwesen. Zu dieser Methode wurde ein web-basierter Lehrgang entwi-ckelt. Innerhalb des Projekts wurde von Anfang an eine pädagogische Begleitung für die Beratung und Evaluation der Lehrgangsentwicklung eingerichtet. Die Position dieser Begleitung im interdisziplinären Team und die Evaluation werden begründet und die Ergebnisse beschrieben. Die Evaluation erfolgte vorwiegend mittels der Methode der Inhaltsanalyse. Die Attribuierungen bei den Lern- und Beratungserfahrungen der Beteiligten wurden in verschiedenen Phasen des Projekts untersucht und den Unterrichtszielen des Projekts gegenüber gestellt. Die daraus abgeleiteten Interpretationen wurden genutzt für die Optimierung der Lehrgangsentwicklung und zur Klärung von Veränderungen im Lehrgang FET unter Anwendung von eLearning-Sequenzen.
Généricité / spécificité d’un concept: La transposition didactique en Sciences économiques et sociales
Authors: Dollo Christine 
Published: October 2020

Le «projet fondateur» des Sciences économiques et sociales semblait à l’origine incompatible avec la prise en compte, par la didactique de la discipline, de la théorie de la transposition didactique. L’objectif de cet article est cependant de mettre en évidence la portée heuristique du concept inauguré par M. Verret puis théorisé par Y. Chevallard, pour les SES. Mais on notera que, même si le concept utilisé initialement en didactique des mathématiques ou des Sciences physiques est tout à fait opératoire pour les SES, il est possible de mettre en évidence certains traits spécifiques de la transposition didactique en SES, liés aux caractéristiques propres de cette discipline scolaire. Ce travail s’inscrit donc dans une perspective comparatiste.