bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved osteogenic differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells on gradient nanostructured Ti surface
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Zhenbo , Fu Yating , Dunne Nicholas , Liang Chen , Luo Xue , Liu Keda , Li Xiaoming , Pang Xining , Lu Ke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTitanium (Ti) and Ti‐based alloys are widely used in the manufacture of dental and orthopedic implants. However, how to improve their osteogenic differentiation ability is still a key issue to be resolved. In this study, gradient nanostructured surface (GNS) samples were prepared by surface mechanical grinding treatment, and coarse‐grained (CG) samples were obtained by recrystallization annealing, making sure that the two kinds of specimens had similar roughness. Then, human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) were cocultured with the two kinds of Ti to investigate the material effects on the cellular functions. The results demonstrated that the grains with size ~56 nm were formed on the surface of the GNS Ti, and the grain size gradually increases from the sample surface to interior. Compared to the CG samples, the GNS ones could make the adhesion effect of the hAMSCs better, and promote the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation more significantly, the preliminary mechanism of which might be due to their specific nanostructure, the thicker oxide layer formed on their surface and the enhanced hardness. Our results indicated that the gradient nanostructured Ti materials could enhance both osteogenic differentiation and mechanical properties, which may possess broader applications in bone tissue engineering and clinical implanting.
Productivity and scale‐up of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) production under different oxygen transfer conditions in cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii
Authors: Padilla‐Córdova Claudio , Mongili Beatrice , Contreras Pablo , Fino Debora , Tommasi Tonia , Díaz‐Barrera Alvaro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a polymer produced by Azotobacter vinelandii. The production of PHB in a bioreactor is affected by oxygen transfer conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate PHB synthesis in extended batch of A. vinelandii, to obtain an operation curve (productivity versus oxygen transfer rate) and to scale up the bioprocess.ResultsPHB production by A. vinelandii under dinitrogen fixation was evaluated using an extended batch modality under different oxygen transfer rates (OTRs). Extended batch cultures were performed using different agitation rates (400, 600, 800 and 1000 rpm), which determined different OTRs in the cultures. Under the conditions evaluated, it was possible to establish an operation curve of PHB productivity at different OTRs, allowing for the establishment of the maximum productivity of PHB. The maximum PHB productivity obtained was 0.40 ± 0.05 g L−1 h−1, which was reached under an OTR of 22.1 ± 1.5 mmol L−1 h−1. Using the OTR as a criterion to scale up PHB production from 3 to 30 L, it was possible to obtain a similar PHB concentration (7.9 ± 0.0 g L−1) and volumetric productivity (0.43 ± 0.04 g L−1 h−1) on a 30 L scale.ConclusionsThe results lead to the conclusion that in extended cultures and under dinitrogen fixation in A. vinelandii cultures, the OTR value determines the maximum PHB productivity. This study provides evidence that the OTR is an adequate parameter as a criterion for the successful scaling up of PHB synthesis for the first time. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation of conjugated polyvinyl chloride/TiO2 nanotubes for Rhodamine B photocatalytic degradation under visible light
Authors: Bui Dai‐Phat , Huu Pham Huan , Minh Cao Thi , Van Pham Viet 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDEfficient and stable photocatalysts are essential for the removal of organic dyes in wastewater. Here, the nanocomposites of conjugated polyvinyl chloride supported on hydrothermally synthesized titanium dioxide nanotubes (cPVC/TNTs) were fabricated by a simple annealing process. Their photocatalytic ability and reaction mechanisms were also investigated via degrading Rhodamine B (RhB) under different conditions.RESULTSThe functional groups, instinct characteristic bonding, crystallinity, and morphology were characterized by the Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. These results confirmed the success of nanocomposites preparation. In addition, the band energy structure of materials was investigated by electrochemical analysis (ECA) and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS). The band structure and photocatalytic experiments showed that the 10% cPVC/TNTs could work under visible light and degrade 90% of RhB, while cPVC and TNTs lack this performance. The vital role of both electrons and holes were confirmed with the evidence obtained from the trapping experiment.CONCLUSIONThe combination of cPVC and TNTs significantly improved photocatalytic performance and stability. Their properties and reaction mechanisms were detailly described to further other research. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Biological cyanide removal from industrial wastewater by applying membrane bioreactors
Authors: Lintzos Loukas , Koumaki Elena , Mendrinou Panagiota , Chatzikonstantinou Kostas , Tzamtzis Nikolaos , Malamis Simos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis work investigates whether the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process can effectively treat industrial wastewater containing high cyanide concentrations; cyanide may inhibit the biological processes, rendering such processes inadequate. In this work, the changes in process performance and microbial activity under gradually increased free cyanide (CN−) concentrations (1,3 and 10 mgCN−L−1) were investigated in two pilot‐scale MBR configurations. The MBR systems consisted of two parallel operating lines: a single aerobic (MBR1) and an aerobic/anoxic (MBR2).RESULTSCyanide removal was not adversely affected by the increase in cyanide concentration since removals up to 90% were obtained. Despite the inhibition that occurred, ammonia and organic carbon removal efficiency did not decrease, even at the highest cyanide concentration of 10 mgCN−L−1, and it remained high (>95%) in both systems. Nitrification (sAUR) was inhibited by 35%, 54%, and 64% in MBR1 and by 16%, 25%, and 36% in MBR2, with the addition of 1, 3, and 10 mgCN−L−1, respectively. The aerobic respiration (sOUR) was inhibited considerably less with an inhibition of 19%, 37%, and 45% in MBR1 and 9%, 16%, and 21% in MBR2. The biomass maintained under both aerobic and anoxic conditions (MBR2) was more tolerant to cyanide compared to the biomass that was acclimated under only aerobic conditions (MBR1).CONCLUSIONAt high cyanide load conditions, the MBR systems showed satisfactory removal of both cyanide and conventional pollutants despite the inhibition observed, indicating that MBR systems can successfully respond to the treatment of industrial wastewater that is heavily contaminated with cyanide. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Strategic planning for chemicals and fuels bioconversion processes
Authors: Bonatsos Nikolaos , Moutousidi Eleni , Kookos Ioannis K 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe huge industrial growth of recent decades has led to the production of significant amounts of by‐product streams. The appropriate use of these by‐product streams can offer benefits either socially, by producing high quality products, or environmentally, by avoiding the excessive use of natural resources and reducing their impact on natural ecosystems. Technology selection at a strategic level is among the most challenging problems in many areas of science and engineering.RESULTSA case study is considered, in which 300 kt year−1 of monosaccharides are assumed available to produce a spectrum of potential bio‐based products. In an optimal situation, all raw material is utilized for the production of bio‐succinic acid with a manufacturing cost of 522.3 M$ year−1, revenue of 747 M$ year−1 and a net present value (NPV) of M$1482.4. When less than 50% of the raw material can be utilized by any of the available technologies, the algorithm selects the simultaneous production of succinic acid and methyl‐ethyl‐ketone and the NPV is reduced to M$1360. Finally, when each technology cannot use more than 1/8 of the available raw material, five out the eight potential technologies are selected, which end up consuming 62.5% of the available raw material while the NPV is reduced significantly to M$497.CONCLUSIONA novel and practically useful mathematical programming method, that can be used to assist in making decisions related to a long‐term planning of biotechnological production processes using renewable raw materials, is proposed in this work and its advantages are demonstrated through a large‐scale case study.
Long‐term virologic responses to antiretroviral therapy among HIV‐positive patients entering adherence clubs in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa: a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Kehoe Kathleen , Boulle Andrew , Tsondai Priscilla R , Euvrard Jonathan , Davies Mary Ann , Cornell Morna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn South Africa, an estimated 4.6 million people were accessing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2018. As universal Test and Treat is implemented, these numbers will continue to increase. Given the need for lifelong care for millions of individuals, differentiated service delivery models for ART services such as adherence clubs (ACs) for stable patients are required. In this study, we describe long‐term virologic outcomes of patients who have ever entered ACs in Khayelitsha, Cape Town.MethodsWe included adult patients enrolled in ACs in Khayelitsha between January 2011 and December 2016 with a recorded viral load (VL) before enrolment. Risk factors for an elevated VL (VL >1000 copies/mL) and confirmed virologic failure (two consecutive VLs >1000 copies/mL one year apart) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. VL completeness over time was assessed.ResultsOverall, 8058 patients were included in the analysis, contributing 16,047 person‐years of follow‐up from AC entry (median follow‐up time 1.7 years, interquartile range [IQR]:0.9 to 2.9). At AC entry, 74% were female, 46% were aged between 35 and 44 years, and the median duration on ART was 4.8 years (IQR: 3.0 to 7.2). Among patients virologically suppressed at AC entry (n = 8058), 7136 (89%) had a subsequent VL test, of which 441 (6%) experienced an elevated VL (median time from AC entry 363 days, IQR: 170 to 728). Older age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46 to 0.88), more recent year of AC entry (aHR 0.76, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.84) and higher CD4 count (aHR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.84) were protective against experiencing an elevated VL. Among patients with an elevated VL, 52% (150/291) with a repeat VL test subsequently experienced confirmed virologic failure in a median time of 112 days (IQR: 56 to 168). Frequency of VL testing was constant over time (82 to 85%), with over 90% of patients remaining virologically suppressed.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates low prevalence of elevated VLs and confirmed virologic failure among patients who entered ACs. Although ACs were expanded rapidly, most patients were well monitored and remained stable, supporting the continued rollout of this model.
Stability assessment of levofloxacin in three different suspension vehicles
Authors: Tardif Véronique , Lepage Olivier , Friciu Mihaela , St‐Jean Isabelle , Forest Jean‐Marc , Leclair Grégoire , Roullin V. Gaëlle 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundLevofloxacin is a broad‐spectrum antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone class used in the paediatric population to treat resistant bacterial infections. Because no commercial option exists, a stable liquid formulation of this antibiotic made with accessible vehicles would be useful.AimThe aim of this study was to develop and assess the stability of levofloxacin suspensions made from commercially available tablets and three different accessible vehicles.MethodsLevofloxacin suspensions (50 mg/mL) were compounded using two different commercially available tablets (from Apotex; Toronto, ON, Canada and Sandoz; Boucherville, QC, Canada) and three different vehicles (Ora‐Blend, Oral‐Mix; Medisca, Saint‐Laurent, QC, Canada and Simple Syrup (SS); Laboratoire Atlas Inc., Anjou, QC, Canada). Suitable suspensions in Ora‐Blend and Oral‐Mix were stored at room temperature (25°C) as well as under refrigeration (5°C) in amber plastic bottles for 90 days. Suspensions made with SS were only stored at 25°C because of sugar crystallisation at 5°C. Suspension concentrations were assessed by HPLC.ResultsSuspensions using Apotex levofloxacin tablets produced unsuitable high‐foaming, phase‐separated, non‐homogeneous suspension products in all vehicles tested that were therefore not tested for stability. Levofloxacin suspensions prepared using Sandoz tablets remained chemically and physically stable for 3 months, with >96% recovery according to United States Pharmacopeia criteria (90%–110%) in all three vehicles.ConclusionThe results show that the choice of generic levofloxacin tablets is important when preparing homogeneous suspensions. All three vehicles could be used to prepare levofloxacin suspensions using Sandoz tablets that were physically and chemically stable for 3 months.
Fabrication of all‐cellulose nanocomposites from corn stalk
Authors: Bian Hongxia , Tu Peng , Chen Jonathan Y 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is a need to help farmers and industries develop value‐added composite and nanocomposite materials from agricultural residuals. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were made using a TEMPO oxidation method and celluloses were prepared by acid–base method and extracting method, which were all from corn stalk, an agricultural residual. The prepared celluloses were dissolved separately in dimethylacetamide/LiCl solvent and CNFs were added at 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.5% and 3.0% to form all‐cellulose nanocomposites, and then cast into films. Morphology, structure and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized using atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction and mechanical testing.RESULTSThe all‐cellulose nanocomposite films with different cellulose matrices exhibited good optical transparency and layer structure. The all‐cellulose nanocomposite films with cellulose prepared by the extracting method (Composite E) exhibited a higher crystallinity, better thermal stability and higher mechanical strength compared to the all‐cellulose nanocomposite films with cellulose prepared by the acid–base method (Composite A).CONCLUSIONSThe crystal structure of the all‐cellulose nanocomposite films indicated the coexistence of cellulose I and cellulose II. However, in contrast to Composite A, the diffraction intensity of cellulose I in Composite E was higher than that of cellulose II. This was another reason that the mechanical properties of Composite E were superior to those of Composite A. In addition, the mechanical properties of the all‐cellulose nanocomposite films were significantly different when the addition of CNFs reached 3.0% by weight, as indicated by a multiple‐range comparison. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of a novel nano‐based detection card by electrospinning for rapid and sensitive analysis of pesticide residues
Authors: Zhai Meng‐Yu , Feng Kun , Hu Teng‐Gen , Zong Min‐Hua , Wu Hong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncreasing food safety awareness of consumers promotes the development of rapid and sensitive detection techniques for pesticide residues. In this study, a new type of rapid detection card for organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide residues was developed by electrospinning. The card involved enzyme fiber mat (EFM) and substrate fiber mat (SFM) which were prepared by mixing poly(vinyl alcohol) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and indolyl acetate (IA), respectively.RESULTSThe mean diameter of fibers was 240 ± 53 nm for EFM and 387 ± 84 nm for SFM. Results of Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies confirmed that AChE and IA were successfully encapsulated into the fibers. The minimum concentrations of AChE and IA for effective detection were 1 and 3 mg mL−1, respectively, and the optimal detection time was 15 min. The limits of detection for this card were 0.5 mg L−1 for omethoate, 1.5 mg L−1 for malathion, 0.1 mg L−1 for carbaryl and 0.02 mg L−1 for carbofuran. The detection card exhibited good storage stability and its activity could be maintained when stored at room temperature for at least 4 months. Additionally, the EFM can be reused three times.CONCLUSIONSThe detection card obtained here was superior to a commercial card in detecting pesticide residues in real food samples. Hence, this electrospun detection card has potential for simple, rapid and sensitive analysis of pesticide residues. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Functional compounds from olive pomace to obtain high‐added value foods – a review
Authors: Difonzo Graziana , Troilo Marica , Squeo Giacomo , Pasqualone Antonella , Caponio Francesco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOlive pomace, the solid by‐product from virgin olive oil extraction, constitutes a remarkable source of functional compounds and has been exploited by several authors to formulate high value‐added foods and, consequently, to foster the sustainability of the olive‐oil chain. In this framework, the aim of the present review was to summarize the results on the application of functional compounds from olive pomace in food products.Phenolic‐rich extracts from olive pomace were added to vegetable oils, fish burgers, fermented milk, and in the edible coating of fruit, to take advantage of their antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. Olive pomace was also used directly in the formulation of pasta and baked goods, by exploiting polyunsaturated fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and dietary fiber to obtain high value‐added healthy foods and / or to extend their shelf‐life. With the same scope, olive pomace was also added to animal feeds, providing healthy, improved animal products. Different authors used olive pomace to produce biodegradable materials and / or active packaging able to increase the content of bioactive compounds and the oxidative stability of foods.Overall, the results highlighted, in most cases, the effectiveness of the addition of olive pomace‐derived functional compounds in improving nutritional value, quality, and / or the shelf‐life of foods. However, the direct addition of olive pomace was found to be more challenging, especially due to alterations in the sensory and textural features of food. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A novel approach to the characterization of old wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties by complex rheological analysis
Authors: Bánfalvi Ágnes , Németh Renáta , Bagdi Attila , Gergely Szilveszter , Rakszegi Marianna , Bedő Zoltán , Láng László , Vida Gyula , Tömösközi Sándor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDLines of the internationally recognized old Hungarian Bánkúti 1201 variety are important genetic resources for breeding programmes. Their protein composition and gluten dependent technological traits have been comprehensively studied, however, little information is available about their carbohydrate dependent viscous properties. The aim of this work was to obtain comprehensive rheological characterization of all sublines of Bánkúti 1201 maintained at Martonvásár and to investigate their variability if the carbohydrate dependent viscous behaviour was also included in the analyses.RESULTSThe majority of the lines reflected the famously good mixing quality of Bánkúti, however, much higher diversity of pasting behaviour was detected. Cluster analysis of the Mixolab data was performed resulting in four sample groups. Since several lines of similar mixing properties had significantly different pasting characteristics, it was assumed that classification was mainly based on the viscous properties. From each cluster two to three representative samples were selected for wider examination using conventional testing methods. These results also supported the higher variability of pasting behaviour of the lines, which can be critical for end product quality. The members of the second cluster can be highlighted due to their waxy wheat like behaviour.CONCLUSIONSPossible reasons for the great variability of pasting behaviour could be the compositional and structural differences of starch and other carbohydrates (e.g. arabinoxylans). Complex rheological characterization and study of molecular background can provide information about important traits from the point of view of technology and product development, which are unknown in the case of old wheat varieties and landraces. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Metabolism and biological activity of α‐tocopherol derived from vitamin E‐enriched transgenic maize in broilers
Authors: Zhan Tengfei , Han Yunsheng , Tang Chaohua , Zhao Qingyu , Sun Dandan , Li Ying , Jia Xueting , Zhou Lingyun , Zhang Junmin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to investigate the metabolism of α‐tocopherol derived from vitamin E‐enriched transgenic maize (VER) and its effects on antioxidant and immune functions in broilers aged 1–42 days. A total of 360 1‐day‐old male broilers were randomly divided into three groups containing six replicates with 20 broilers per replicate. The negative control (NC) group and the positive control (PC) group were given non‐GM maize and non‐GM maize plus exogenous vitamin E (VE), respectively, and the VER group was given VER, replacing the non‐GM maize given to the NC group. Between days 1 and 21 and days 22 and 42, VE levels were 4.38 and 4.63 mg kg−1 in the NC group, and 14.11 and 14.91 mg kg−1 in the PC and VER group, respectively.RESULTSThe results showed that α‐tocopherol from both VER and additives increased α‐tocopherol transfer protein and cytochrome P450 concentrations. Serum α‐tocopherol and α‐tocopherylquinone levels of broilers in the PC and VER groups were also significantly higher than those in the NC group (P < 0.05). Compared with the NC group, broilers in both groups that received α‐tocopherol had reduced NF‐κB p65 concentrations, significantly decreased serum prostaglandin E2, interleukin‐6, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide levels (P < 0.05), and significantly increased glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONIn summary, both VER and non‐GM maize fortified with exogenous VE showed similar effects on broilers, indicating that the α‐tocopherol in VER has sufficient biological activity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry