bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurofibromas of the oral and maxillofacial complex: A 48‐year retrospective study
Authors: de Pontes Santos Hellen B. , de Morais Everton F. , Moreira Deborah G. L. , Marinho Liliane C. N. , Galvão Hébel C. , de Almeida Freitas Roseana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNeurofibromas are benign neoplasms of the peripheral nerve sheath, characterized by the proliferation of Schwann cells, perineural cells and endoneural fibroblasts. Their occurrence in the oral and maxillofacial complex is uncommon. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and histopathological characteristics of neurofibromas of the oral and maxillofacial complex excised at our institution over a 48‐year period. Using light microscopy, two previously trained oral pathologists re‐evaluated all hematoxylin and eosin slides. From a total of 15,375 cases diagnosed at a referred Oral Pathology Service, 24 cases were diagnosed as neurofibromas. Eighteen neurofibroma patients were female, with a mean age of 39.1 years. Three patients presenting neurofibromas exhibited neurofibromatosis type I. Clinically, most of the lesions presented as asymptomatic nodules, and the most frequent sites were the tongue (n = 6; 25.0%), gingiva (n = 6; 25.0%) and intraosseous maxillary bone region (n = 3; 12.5%). Histopathologically, the lesions were predominantly well delimited, exhibiting interlocking bundles of spindle‐shaped cells that usually displayed wavy nuclei, associated with delicate collagen fibers. Thus, knowledge of their clinical and histopathological features by dentists and oral pathologists is essential for the correct diagnosis of these lesions.
Predictive value of fragmented QRS for ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Shangbo , Yang Lihua , Hong Danhua , Chen Lan , Wang Xin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies indicated that fragmented QRS (fQRS) is associated with malignant cardiac arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, a systematic review and meta‐analysis on this issue still have not been conducted. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to access the predictive value of fQRS for ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTAs) in patients with AMI.Materials and MethodsWe searched the databases of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library for relevant studies until 8 June 2019. We included studies which compared VTAs in AMI patients with fQRS vs without fQRS.ResultsSix studies enrolling 2218 ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients were included in this meta‐analysis. The fQRS was significantly associated with greater risk of VTAs in STEMI patients (Odds ratio [OR] 2.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.99‐3.95, P < .00001; I2 = 30%). This association was still significant both in prospective (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.94‐5.46, P < .00001; I2 = 0%) and retrospective (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.22‐4.74, P = .01; I2 = 54%) studies. In particularly, fQRS in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction (≤50%) (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.88‐4.70, P < .00001; I2 = 21%) or <60 years old (OR 3.07, 95% CI 2.02‐4.66, P < .00001; I2 = 0%) tripled the risk of VTAs during AMI.ConclusionOur meta‐analysis demonstrated that fQRS increases the risk of developing VTAs in patients with STEMI.
Learning programmes and teaching techniques to enhance oral health literacy or patient‐centred communication for healthcare providers: A systematic review
Authors: Nurash Pariyawit , Kasevayuth Kasekarn , Intarakamhang Ungsinun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the learning programmes and teaching techniques used in interventions to enhance oral health literacy (OHL) or patient‐centred communication (PCC) for healthcare providers.Materials and methodsA systematic review of OHL and PCC were obtained from four electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest and Scopus) was undertaken. These searches covered the period from January 2008 to December 2017. The quality assessment tool was the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool for systematic reviews of effectiveness.ResultsThe final review included nine studies amongst a total of 1475 studies. They showed three learning programmes (workshops, training and community‐based rotation) and 17 related teaching techniques to promote OHL and PCC. The most commonly used learning programmes to enhance OHL and PCC for healthcare providers were workshops, and the teaching techniques included feedback and reflection. The intervention periods of the programmes took 20 minutes to half a day. The three studies did not have a follow‐up, whilst the rest showed a follow‐up range of 2 months to 3 years. Interestingly, there was one study, which applied double follow‐ups to show the effectiveness of the programme.ConclusionEither workshops or training programmes with a combination of teaching techniques were effective in terms of enhancing their OHL or PCC. The more frequent follow‐up might increase the long‐term effectiveness of the learning programme.
A structured analysis of risk to important wildlife elements in three Australian Wildlife Conservancy sanctuaries
Authors: Smith Michael , Jackson Chantelle , Palmer Nicola , Palmer Bryony 
Published: November 2019

SummaryWhere data and information are lacking, structured expert risk assessments can provide a powerful tool to progress natural resource planning. In many situations, practitioners make informal assessments of risk within small groups that typically constitute employees. In this study, we report on three small (in terms of experts) structured expert‐based risk assessment case studies conducted by expert employees of a not‐for‐profit organisation (Australian Wildlife Conservancy) to demonstrate the utility of the approach. The case studies were carried out for three wildlife sanctuaries managed by AWC: Faure Island, Karakamia and Paruna. The likelihood that a set of direct risk factors would cause management failure for sets of important wildlife elements in the three sanctuaries was elicited from the small group of ecological experts. The analysis was couched in terms of a management aim to not lose species from each wildlife element over the management period of 25 years with current management. The experts believed, in particular, that increasing temperature and decreasing water availability associated with climate change were likely to impact significantly upon the vegetation elements and water‐reliant fauna associated with the sanctuaries. Some vegetation elements were also thought likely to be at risk of over‐grazing, unsuitable fire regimes and, in some cases, disease. In addition to predation by exotic predators at one sanctuary, the experts identified additional direct risk factors for various fauna elements associated with expected changes to the vegetation elements, including reduction in food availability, nesting habitat, and generally important life media. From the risk analyses, a preliminary conceptual model was developed to underpin monitoring and to indicate areas for possible management intervention and research. The case studies demonstrate that even in a small workplace team, structured risk assessments can be efficiently accomplished and can provide expedient and transparent information that effectively captures and aggregates the views of the experts.
Unusual pathophysiological mechanisms of ptyalism in two horses
Authors: Olley R. B. , Piercy R. J. , Leeming G. , McGowan C. M. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis report outlines two cases of ptyalism that were not associated with oral conditions or primary dysphagia. The first, a 9‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding, was associated with left‐sided peripheral vestibular disease and bone modelling around the left tympanic bulla. The second, a 7‐year‐old Dutch Warmblood mare, was associated with progressive bilateral laryngeal paralysis and a mediastinal T‐cell lymphoma. In Case 1, a neurological pathophysiology was proposed involving altered autonomic innervation of the salivary glands; whilst in Case 2, the mechanism remains unclear but may have involved mechanical compression of the intrathoracic oesophagus or stimulation of afferents within the vagus nerve. This case series highlights rare causes of ptyalism that have not been previously reported in the literature.
Fas‐FasL interaction in cytotoxic T cell‐mediated vitiligo: The role of lesional expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interferon‐γ in Fas‐mediated melanocyte apoptosis
Authors: Jimbo Haruki , Nagai Hiroshi , Fujiwara Susumu , Shimoura Noriko , Nishigori Chikako 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVitiligo is an acquired skin depigmentation disorder resulting from the selective loss of epidermal melanocytes, and previous studies have suggested that a T lymphocyte‐mediated mechanism has a role in melanocyte loss. Although Fas‐Fas ligand (FasL) interactions are important for T lymphocytes to mediate cytotoxicity, there are only few reports examining the involvement of the Fas‐FasL pathway in vitiligo using in vivo mouse models. In addition, there have been no reports concerning Fas‐mediated apoptosis in human melanocytes in vitro. In this study, we found that the Fas‐mediated pathway is involved in cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)‐dependent vitiligo in a mouse model and FasL‐induced apoptosis of human melanocytes. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interferon (IFN)‐γ, the expression levels of which have been reported to be elevated in lesional skin of patients with vitiligo, synergistically upregulated Fas expression on human melanocytes but inhibited the Fas‐mediated apoptosis. Treatment with TNF‐α and IFN‐γ synergistically upregulated the expression of the anti‐apoptotic genes, c‐IAP2, c‐FLIP and MCL1. A siRNA knock‐down study showed that c‐FLIP and MCL1, but not c‐IAP2, were involved in inducing synergistic inhibitory effects on Fas‐mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that FasL and TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) synergistically induced apoptosis on human melanocytes. In conclusion, our results suggest that the Fas‐FasL pathway is involved in CTL‐dependent vitiligo and the elevated expression levels of TNF‐α and IFN‐γ in lesional skin may act synergistically on melanocytes to suppress Fas‐mediated apoptosis.
Spatial distribution of usable biomass feedstock and technical bioenergy potential in China
Authors: Nie Yaoyu , Chang Shiyan , Cai Wenjia , Wang Can , Fu Jingying , Hui Jingxuan , Yu Le , Zhu Wanbin , Huang Guorui , Kumar Amit , Guo Weichao , Ding Qun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBioenergy will play an intimate and critical role in energy supply and carbon mitigation in the future. In recent years, “customizing the development of bioenergy to local conditions” and “prioritizing distributed utilization” have been the two key principles that have been released by the Chinese government to promote the national‐ and provincial‐level development of bioenergy. While many recognize the importance of bioenergy in achieving low‐carbon transition, little is known about the high‐resolution distribution of usable biomass feedstock and technical bioenergy potential in China, which brings about uncertainties and additional challenges for creating localized utilization plans. We propose a new assessment framework that integrates crop growth models, a land suitability assessment, and the geographic information systems to address these knowledge gaps. Distributions of 11 types of usable biomass feedstock and three kinds of technical bioenergy potential are mapped out through specific transformation technologies at 1 km resolution. At the national level, the final technical biogas potential is 1.91 EJ. The technical bioethanol potential (0.04–0.96 EJ) from the energy crop can supply 0.13–3.12 times the bioethanol demand for the consumption of E10 gasoline in 2015. The technical heat potential (1.06 EJ) can meet 20% of the demand for heating in all provinces (5.38 EJ). Most of the 2020 bioenergy goals can be achieved, excluding that for bioethanol, which will need to require more cellulosic ethanol from residues. At the provincial level, Henan and Inner Mongolia have the potential to develop clean heating alternatives via the substitution of agroforestry residues for coal. The results can provide a systematic analysis of the distribution of biomass feedstocks and technical bioenergy potential in China. With economic factors taken into consideration in further research, it can also support national and provincial governments in making bioenergy development plans in an effective and timely manner.
Lymphopenia predicts poor prognosis in older gastric cancer patients after curative gastrectomy
Authors: Tatara Takashi , Suzuki Satoshi , Kanaji Shingo , Yamamoto Masashi , Matsuda Yoshiko , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Yamashita Kimihiro , Matsuda Takeru , Oshikiri Taro , Nakamura Tetsu , Kakeji Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2019

AimTotal lymphocyte count in preoperative peripheral blood is associated with prognosis in various cancers. The predictive value of preoperative total lymphocyte count for survival was assessed in older gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy.MethodsA total of 200 gastric cancer patients aged ≥75 years who underwent curative resection from 2000 to 2014 were included in this retrospective study. The cut‐off value of total lymphocyte count in preoperative peripheral blood was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and the association with prognosis was examined.ResultsThe cut‐off value of total lymphocyte count was 1462/μL, and 94 patients were classified as low total lymphocyte count patients and 106 patients were classified as high total lymphocyte count patients. In univariate analysis, American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥3, Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥3, total lymphocyte count <1462/μL, stage III, open approach, total gastrectomy, splenectomy and infectious complication were significantly associated with overall survival. In multivariate analysis, total lymphocyte count <1462/μL (P = 0.003), American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥3 (P = 0.01) and stage III (P = 0.017) were independent prognostic factors. Low total lymphocyte count significantly reduced overall survival in stage I (P = 0.037) and II (P = 0.009) patients, but not stage III patients (P = 0.29).ConclusionTotal lymphocyte count in preoperative peripheral blood can predict postoperative survival of older patients with relatively early‐stage gastric cancer. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1215–1219.
URBAN POPULATION AND AMENITIES: THE NEOCLASSICAL MODEL OF LOCATION
Authors: Albouy David , Stuart Bryan A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe develop a neoclassical general equilibrium model to explain cross‐metro variation in population and density. We provide new methods to estimate traded and nontraded productivities, and elasticities of housing and land supply, using density and land area data. From wage and housing cost indices, the model explains half of U.S. density and population variation and finds that quality of life determines location choices more than trade productivity; productivity and factor substitution in housing matter most, but are weak in nicer areas. Relaxing land use regulations would increase population in the West, raising both quality of life and productivity experienced by residents.
An Argument for Compulsory Vaccination: The Taxation Analogy
Authors: Giubilini Alberto 
Published: November 2019

AbstractI argue that there are significant moral reasons in addition to harm prevention for making vaccination against certain common infectious diseases compulsory. My argument is based on an analogy between vaccine refusal and tax evasion. First, I discuss some of the arguments for compulsory vaccination that are based on considerations of the risk of harm that the non‐vaccinated would pose on others; I will suggest that the strength of such arguments is contingent upon circumstances and that in order to provide the strongest defence possible of compulsory vaccination, such arguments need to be supplemented by additional arguments. I will then offer my additional argument for compulsory vaccination: I will argue that in both cases of vaccine refusal and of tax evasion individuals fail to make their fair contribution to important social and public goods, regardless of whether each individual contribution ‘makes a difference’. While fairness considerations have sometimes been used to support a moral duty to vaccinate, they have not been appealed to in order to argue for a legal duty to vaccinate. I will suggest that this is due, among other things, to a misapplication of the principle of the least restrictive alternative in public health. Finally, I will address nine possible objections to my argument.
MiR‐590‐3p regulates proliferation, migration and collagen synthesis of cardiac fibroblast by targeting ZEB1
Authors: Yuan Xiaolong , Pan Jinchun , Wen Lijuan , Gong Baoyong , Li Jiaqi , Gao Hongbin , Tan Weijiang , Liang Shi , Zhang Hao , Wang Xilong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have implicated the attractive and promising role of miR‐590‐3p to restore the cardiac function following myocardial infarction (MI). However, the molecular mechanisms for how miR‐590‐3p involves in cardiac fibrosis remain largely unexplored. Using human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) as the cellular model, luciferase report assay, mutation, EdU assay and transwell migration assay were applied to investigate the biological effects of miR‐590‐3p on the proliferation, differentiation, migration and collagen synthesis of cardiac fibroblasts. We found that miR‐590‐3p significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration of HCFs. The mRNA and protein expression levels of α‐SMA, Col1A1 and Col3A were significantly decreased by miR‐590‐3p. Moreover, miR‐590‐3p directly targeted at the 3’UTR of ZEB1 to repress the translation of ZEB1. Interfering with the expression of ZEB1 significantly decreased the cell proliferation, migration activity, mRNA and protein expressions of α‐SMA, Col1A1 and Col3A. Furthermore, the expressions of miR‐590‐3p and ZEB1 were identified in infarct area of MI model in pigs. Collectively, miR‐590‐3p suppresses the cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and collagen synthesis of cardiac fibroblasts by targeting ZEB1. These works will provide useful biological information for future studies on potential roles of miR‐590‐3p as the therapeutic target to recover cardiac function following MI.
Identity Politics, Core State Powers and Regional Integration: Europe and beyond
Authors: Börzel Tanja A. , Risse Thomas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article concentrates on the path from the development of collective identities to the integration of core state powers. Firstly, we focus on the European experience. We argue that the identities of political, economic, and social elites have been crucial for the evolution of European integration. With regard to mass public opinion, European integration has been made possible by a consensus of EU citizens with inclusive national identities. Most recently, the politicization of EU affairs in many member states has been driven by populist forces mobilizing minorities with exclusive nationalist identities. Secondly, we discuss the extent to which insights from Europe have travelled to other regions of the world. Elites involved in region‐building almost always develop identity narratives linking their national experience to the respective regions. Moreover, there is evidence that the difference between inclusive and exclusive nationalist identifications has also travelled beyond Europe.
Cohesion Policy Meets Heterogeneous Firms
Authors: Fattorini Loredana , Ghodsi Mahdi , Rungi Armando 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study we empirically tested the effect of the EU cohesion policy using a unique dataset of 273,500 European manufacturing firms, combining regional policy data at the UN Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics‐2 level with total factor productivity (TFP) at firm‐level. In a framework of heterogeneous firms and regions' different absorptive capacity, we show that financing by the European regional development fund aimed at direct investments in R&D is associated with the improvement of firms' productivity in a region, while funding designed to support overall business is not. The positive association with research, technology and development spending is stronger in the first quartile of the TFP distributions, for the firms that are the least efficient in a region. This appears to be in line with the priority of the policy, which aims at improving firms' competitiveness, especially that of small and medium enterprises. We finally argue that considering the heterogeneous distribution of firms' inefficiencies in a region is crucial to designing a better cohesion policy and to avoid a misallocation of resources it is better than looking at regional aggregates.
Bending and Breaking the Single Resolution Mechanism: The Case of Italy
Authors: Donnelly Shawn , Asimakopoulos Ioannis G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article examines the political economy and law of bank resolution in the case of Italy – specifically, its treatment of three failing banks – the Monte dei Paschi, Veneto and Vicenza banks – which were resolved in 2016–17. These three cases stand out for the relatively large degree of discretion exercised by the national resolution and state aid authorities, ultimately with the permission of their European counterparts. This article examines the motivations of Italian authorities in lobbying the Commission for leeway in applying the bank recovery and resolution directive and analyses the intricacies of the legal framework to underline the extent of discretion exercised by policy‐makers. It concludes that the discretion visible in these three cases is not (entirely) contained within EU law, and that bending the law or turning a blind eye to infractions was key to understanding the EU approach to Italy.
Postfunctionalism, Identity and the Visegrad Group
Authors: Braun Mats 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article elaborates on the development of the Visegrad group (V4), consisting of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia, in relation to the European integration process in the aftermath of its many crises. The article suggests that the so‐called migration crisis that started in 2015 for the V4 countries constitutes a situation that, in the existing literature, has been described as a postfunctionalist moment. However, in the V4 countries a postfunctionalist moment does not merely suggest reluctance to agree to further integration and in general a turn to EU criticism, but a strengthening of the four countries' shared V4 identity as well. To elaborate on the way that the V4's handling of the migration issue contributes to V4 identity‐building, the article argues that the postfunctionalist literature needs to be supplemented by insights from social constructivism. The article utilises a narrative analysis to examine the way that a V4 identity is under construction.
Crisis, Climate Change and Comitology: Policy Dismantling Via the Backdoor?
Authors: Burns Charlotte , Tobin Paul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe EU is reputed to be a climate pioneer. However, the EU has been beset by crises, with potentially negative consequences for climate ambitions. The coding and analysis of EU climate legislation between 1998 and 2015 reveal that while the rate of creating climate policy has increased since the onset of the crisis, the ambition of these policies has waned. Technical policy instruments (comitology) at the EU level, namely delegated and implementing acts (DIA), are analysed alongside the legislation adopted under the ordinary legislative procedure (OLP). If they were applied as indicated in the treaties, the technical DIA measures should not influence the EU's policy ambitions, but in fact, during the crisis era, DIA measures were used more frequently than during the pre‐crisis era, and used in three out of the four cases that weaken policy, suggesting that a minor dismantling of climate policy is taking place at EU level, but via the back door.