bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of tegmen defects with mastoid and epitympanic obliteration using S53P4 bioactive glass
Authors: Remangeon Françoise , Lahlou Ghizlene , Alciato Lauranne , Tankere Frederic , Mosnier Isabelle , Sterkers Olivier , Pyatigorskaya Nadya , Bernardeschi Daniele 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the surgical results and complications in a cohort of patients operated on to repair a tegmen bony defect using either transmastoid approach with obliteration using S53P4 bioactive glass granules (TMA‐O), or the classic middle cranial fossa approach (MCFA).Study designA retrospective monocentric study.MethodsTwenty‐five cases (24 patients) were included. Data regarding patient demographics, etiology, intraoperative findings, complications, recurrences, audiometric data, and follow‐up were analyzed.ResultsSeven patients were operated with MCFA and 17 patients with TMA‐O. One patient was operated on using a combined approach (MCFA + TMA‐O). In the preoperative HRCT scan, the size of the defect was estimated to be 6 ± 3.8 mm in the TMA‐O group and 6 ± 3.5 mm in the MCFA group (P= .969). Intraoperatively, in the MCFA group, the location of the defect was mostly anterior (86%) with an intact ossicular chain (86%). A discontinuous chain was observed in 15 patients (88%) in the TMA‐O group. The mean follow‐up time was 22 ± 14 months in the TMA‐O group and 24 ± 15 months in the MCFA group (P= .762). In both groups, there were no early postoperative complications or recurrences during follow‐up.ConclusionRepair of a tegmen bony defect with S53P4 bioactive glass granules seems to be safe and effective, limiting the use of the middle cranial fossa approach to cases with epitympanic defects and with an intact ossicular chain, and it could be used whatever the size of the defect and/or the presence of meningoencephalocele.Level of evidence4.
Deforestation caused abrupt shift in Great Lakes nitrogen cycle
Authors: Guiry Eric J. , Buckley Michael , Orchard Trevor J. , Hawkins Alicia L. , Needs‐Howarth Suzanne , Holm Erling , Szpak Paul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDespite the longstanding significance of North America's Great Lakes, little is known about their preindustrial ecology. Here, we report on when and how humans first became a main driver of Lake Ontario's nutrient dynamics. Nitrogen isotope analyses of archaeological fish show that, prior to the 1830s, Lake Ontario's nitrogen cycle and the trophic ecology of its top predators had remained stable for at least 800 yrs, despite Indigenous and historical European agricultural land management across the region. An abrupt shift in the nitrogen isotope composition of Lake Ontario's fish community is evident in the early to mid‐19th century and reflects the initiation of industrial‐scale forest clearance. These data show how the nitrogenous nutrient regimes of even the world's largest freshwater ecosystems can be highly sensitive to short‐term watershed forest cover disturbances and indicate a profound shift in the relationship between humans and their environment.
Oscillation criteria for second‐order Emden–Fowler delay differential equations with a sublinear neutral term
Authors: Džurina Jozef , Grace Said R. , Jadlovská Irena , Li Tongxing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNew oscillation criteria for the second‐order Emden–Fowler delay differential equation with a sublinear neutral term are presented. An essential feature of our results is that oscillation of the studied equation is ensured via only one condition. Furthermore, as opposed to the results by Agarwal et al. (Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. (4) 193 (2014), no. 6, 1861–1875), Li and Rogovchenko (Math. Nachr. 288 (2015), no. 10, 1150–1162; Monatsh. Math. 184 (2017), no. 3, 489–500), and Xu (Monatsh. Math. 150 (2007), no. 2, 157–171), new criteria can be applied to Emden–Fowler delay differential equations with noncanonical operators and a sublinear neutral term. Our results essentially improve, extend, and simplify some known ones reported in the literature. The results are illustrated with examples.
Ruthenium Nanoparticles on Cobalt‐Doped 1T′ Phase MoS2 Nanosheets for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Kwon Ik Seon , Debela Tekalign Terfa , Kwak In Hye , Park Yun Chang , Seo Jaemin , Shim Ju Yong , Yoo Seung Jo , Kim Jin‐Gyu , Park Jeunghee , Kang Hong Seok 
Published: March 2020

Abstract2D MoS2 nanostructures have recently attracted considerable attention because of their outstanding electrocatalytic properties. The synthesis of unique Co–Ru–MoS2 hybrid nanosheets with excellent catalytic activity toward overall water splitting in alkaline solution is reported. 1T′ phase MoS2 nanosheets are doped homogeneously with Co atoms and decorated with Ru nanoparticles. The catalytic performance of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is characterized by low overpotentials of 52 and 308 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slopes of 55 and 50 mV decade−1 in 1.0 m KOH, respectively. Analysis of X‐ray photoelectron and absorption spectra of the catalysts show that the MoS2 well retained its metallic 1T′ phase, which guarantees good electrical conductivity during the reaction. The Gibbs free energy calculation for the reaction pathway in alkaline electrolyte confirms that the Ru nanoparticles on the Co‐doped MoS2 greatly enhance the HER activity. Water adsorption and dissociation take place favorably on the Ru, and the doped Co further catalyzes HER by making the reaction intermediates more favorable. The high OER performance is attributed to the catalytically active RuO2 nanoparticles that are produced via oxidation of Ru nanoparticles.
A Common q-Analogue of Two Supercongruences
Authors: Guo Victor J. W. , Zudilin Wadim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe give aq-congruence whose specializations$$q=-1$$q=-1and$$q=1$$q=1correspond to supercongruences (B.2) and (H.2) on Van Hamme’s list (in:p-Adic Functional Analysis (Nijmegen, 1996), Lecture Notes in Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol 192. Dekker, New York, pp 223–236, 1997):$$\begin{aligned}&\sum _{k=0}^{(p-1)/2}(-1)^k(4k+1)A_k\equiv p(-1)^{(p-1)/2}\;({\text {mod}}p^3) \quad \text {and}\quad \\&\sum _{k=0}^{(p-1)/2}A_k\equiv a(p)\;({\text {mod}}p^2), \end{aligned}$$∑k=0(p-1)/2(-1)k(4k+1)Ak≡p(-1)(p-1)/2(modp3)and∑k=0(p-1)/2Ak≡a(p)(modp2),where$$p>2$$p>2is prime,$$\begin{aligned} A_k=\prod _{j=0}^{k-1}\biggl (\frac{1/2+j}{1+j}\biggr )^3=\frac{1}{2^{6k}}{\left( {\begin{array}{c}2k\\ k\end{array}}\right) }^3 \quad \text {for}\; k=0,1,2,\ldots , \end{aligned}$$Ak=∏j=0k-1(1/2+j1+j)3=126k2kk3fork=0,1,2,…,anda(p) is thepth coefficient of the modular form$$q\prod _{j=1}^\infty (1-q^{4j})^6$$q∏j=1∞(1-q4j)6(of weight 3). We complement our result with a general commonq-congruence for related hypergeometric sums.
Role of Central Hypo‐enhancement in the Hepatic Arterial Phase of Dynamic Computed Tomography in Patients with Mass‐Forming Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Teraoku Hiroki , Morine Yuji , Uyama Naoto , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Iwahashi Shuichi , Saito Yu , Takasu Chie , Imura Satoru , Harada Masafumi , Shimada Mitsuo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground/PurposeThe enhancement pattern in the hepatic arterial phase (HAP) of dynamic computed tomography (CT) is reportedly a prognostic marker in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC). This study was performed to clarify the significance of central hypo‐enhancement in the HAP in patients with mass‐forming IHCC.MethodsForty patients who had undergone initial surgical resection for mass‐forming IHCC were enrolled. The dynamic CT was scanned 40 s after contrast agent injection as the HAP. A radiologist classified the patients into three groups based on the vascular pattern: the hyper‐enhancement group (Hyper group), rim‐enhancement group (Rim group), and hypo‐enhancement group (Hypo group). The surgical specimens were immunohistochemically stained for hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1). The correlation with clinicopathological findings and HIF‐1 expression was investigated.ResultsThe Hyper, Rim, and Hypo groups comprised 8, 7, and 25 patients, respectively. There were no significant correlations between the groups and clinicopathological factors. Overall survival (OS) was significantly worse in the Hypo than in the Hyper group (p = 0.03). OS was also significantly worse in the Rim + Hypo group (i.e., hypo‐enhancement in the central tumor) than in the Hyper group (p = 0.04). Furthermore, inclusion in the Rim + Hypo group was a prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio 6.68). High HIF‐1 expression in the central part of the tumor was correlated with central hypo‐enhancement (Hyper group: 25% and Rim + Hypo group: 72%).ConclusionsCentral hypo‐enhancement was a prognostic factor in patients with IHCC. The high malignant potential of tumors with central hypo‐enhancement might be associated with HIF‐1 upregulation.
Against all odds—the persistent popularity of homeopathy
Authors: Cukaci Cemre , Freissmuth Michael , Mann Christopher , Marti Joshua , Sperl Veronika 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe use of homeopathy is remarkably popular. Popularity, however, is not an arbiter in a scientific discourse. In fact, the assumptions underlying homeopathy violate fundamental laws of nature. Homeopathy does not have any explanatory power and fails other criteria established for a scientific approach. Two large-scale efforts have recently documented that in spite of a plethora of clinical trials there is no evidence that homeopathic remedies have any therapeutic effect, which goes beyond that of a placebo. Relaxed regulations and lack of scientific literacy and of health education allow for continuous thriving of homeopathy. While the tide may be changing on the regulatory side, health education of the general public is presumably more important to support informed decision making by patients. Otherwise, the responsible patient, who is posited to decide on the medical choices, remains a convenient legal fiction.
Argumentative Use and Strategic Function of the Expression ‘Not for Nothing’
Authors: Jansen Henrike , Snoeck Henkemans Francisca 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn English discourse one can find cases of the expression ‘not for nothing’ being used in argumentation. The expression can occur both in the argument and in the standpoint. In this chapter we analyse the argumentative and rhetorical aspects of ‘not for nothing’ by regarding this expression as a presentational device for strategic manoeuvring. We investigate under which conditions the proposition containing the expression ‘not for nothing’ functions as a standpoint, an argument or neither of these elements. It is also examined which type of standpoint (descriptive, evaluative or prescriptive) and which types of argument scheme (symptomatic, causal or comparison) the expression typically co-occurs with. In doing so we aim to develop a better understanding of the role and effects of ‘not for nothing’ when used in argumentation. Finally, we show that the strategic potential of ‘not for nothing’ lies in its suggestion that sufficient support has been provided while this support has in fact been left implicit.
Complement Activation in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Grinde Dina , Øverland Torstein , Lima Kari , Schjalm Camilla , Mollnes Tom Eirik , Abrahamsen Tore G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2 del), also known as DiGeorge syndrome, is a genetic disorder with an estimated incidence of 1:3000 to 1:6000 births. These patients may suffer from affection of many organ systems with cardiac malformations, immunodeficiency, hypoparathyroidism, autoimmunity, palate anomalies, and psychiatric disorders being the most frequent. The importance of the complement system in 22q11.2 del has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the complement system in relation to clinical and immunological parameters in patients. A national cohort of patients (n = 69) with a proven heterozygous deletion of chromosome 22q11.2 and a group of age and sex matched controls (n = 56) were studied. Functional capacity of the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways of the complement system as well as complement activation products C3bc and terminal complement complex (TCC) were accessed and correlated to clinical features. All patients in our study had normal complement activation in both classical and alternative pathways. The frequency of mannose-binding lectin deficiency was comparable to the normal population. The patients had significantly raised plasma levels of C3bc and a slight, but not significant, increase in TCC compared with controls. This increase was associated with the presence of psychiatric disorders in patients. The present study shows no complement deficiencies in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. On the contrary, there are signs of increased complement activation in these patients. Complement activation is particularly associated with the presence of psychiatric disorders.
Early and mid-term outcome of frozen elephant trunk using spinal cord protective perfusion strategy for acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Hohri Yu , Yamasaki Takuma , Matsuzaki Yuichi , Hiramatsu Takeshi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of spinal cord injury in total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk for acute type A aortic dissection using our spinal cord protection technique.

Methods
Between January 2013 and December 2017, 33 patients underwent total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk for acute type A aortic dissection (mean age 67.9 ± 13.3 years). Our spinal cord protection technique involved maintaining extracorporeal circulation through the left subclavian artery in all procedures, using aortic occlusion balloon during distal anastomosis, and inserting frozen elephant trunk above Th 8 with transesophageal echocardiographic guidance. Computed tomography was performed within 1–2 weeks, 12 months, and 36 months postoperatively. We compared the degree of thrombosis of the descending aorta between preoperation and early postoperative period by Fisher’s exact test. Moreover, we evaluated postoperative mortality and mobility (including spinal cord injury) at follow-up.

Results
The operative mortality within 30 days was 6.1%. Neither paraplegia nor paraparesis was noted. We observed significant thrombosis of the false lumen at the distal arch and aortic valve level of the descending aorta in postoperative early term period (p < 0.01). At mid-term follow-up (mean 33.9 months), survival probability and 3-year freedom from reoperation rates were 93.9 ± 4.1% and 95.0 ± 4.9%, respectively.

Conclusions
The frozen elephant trunk technique with our spinal protection strategy provides good postoperative outcomes. Our strategy can maintain spinal cord perfusion without complete ischemia time even during lower body ischemia time. Implementation of our spinal protection strategy will help prevent spinal cord injury and dilated downstream aorta.
Applying the Spatial EBLUP to Place-Based Policing. Simulation Study and Application to Confidence in Police Work
Authors: Buil-Gil David , Moretti Angelo , Shlomo Natalie , Medina Juanjo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is growing need for reliable survey-based small area estimates of crime and confidence in police work to design and evaluate place-based policing strategies. Crime and confidence in policing are geographically aggregated and police resources can be targeted to areas with the most problems. High levels of spatial autocorrelation in these variables allow for using spatial random effects to improve small area estimation models and estimates’ reliability. This article introduces the Spatial Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Predictor (SEBLUP), which borrows strength from neighboring areas, to place-based policing. It assesses the SEBLUP under different scenarios of number of areas and levels of spatial autocorrelation and provides an application to confidence in policing in London. The SEBLUP should be applied for place-based policing strategies when the variable’s spatial autocorrelation is medium/high, and the number of areas is large. Confidence in policing is higher in Central and West London and lower in Eastern neighborhoods.
The role of surgery in soft tissue sarcoma: Can we improve outcome and function towards sporting activities?
Authors: Windhager Reinhard , Hobusch Gerhard M. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryLimb-sparing surgery with pre- or postoperative irradiation has evolved as the standard of care for local tumor control of soft tissue sarcoma while ablative procedures are applied in selected cases only. Adequate excision of sarcoma is prerequisite to guarantee local tumor control. While excision with wide margins has been educated in the past, tumor excision with closer margins has shown to provide similar local tumor control. Beside this oncological aspect, type of surgery and reconstruction impact the functional outcome after sarcoma excision in the extremities, which adds to quality of life for the patients. Satisfactory results have been shown by different scoring systems; however, more recent studies focus on high level activities like sports to define the efficacy of different procedures. This review focuses on recent developments within these two topics.
Experimental rewilding may restore abandoned wood-pastures if policy allows
Authors: Garrido Pablo , Edenius Lars , Mikusiński Grzegorz , Skarin Anna , Jansson Anna , Thulin Carl-Gustaf 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLarge herbivores play key roles in terrestrial ecosystems. Continuous defaunation processes have produced cascade effects on plant community composition, vegetation structure, and even climate. Wood-pastures were created by traditional management practices that have maintained open structures and biodiversity for millennia. In Europe, despite the broad recognition of their biological importance, such landscapes are declining due to land-use changes. This calls for finding urgent solutions for wood-pasture conservation. To test whether introducing an ecological replacement of an extinct wild horse could have positive effects on wood-pasture restoration, we designed a 3-year rewilding experiment. Horses created a more open wood-pasture structure by browsing on seedlings and saplings, affected tree composition via selective browsing and controlled the colonization of woody vegetation in grassland-dominated areas. Thus, rewilding could be a potential avenue for wood-pasture restoration and biodiversity conservation. However, such benefits may not materialize without a necessary paradigm and political shift.
Resolvent growth condition for composition operators on the Fock space
Authors: Mengestie Tesfa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor each analytic map $$\psi$$
ψ
on the complex plane $$\mathbb {C}$$
C
, we study the Ritt’s resolvent growth condition for the composition operator $$C_{\psi} :f \rightarrow f\circ \psi$$

C
ψ

:
f
→
f
∘
ψ

on the Fock space $${\mathcal {F}}_2$$

F
2

. We show that $$C_{\psi}$$

C
ψ

satisfies such a condition if and only if it is either compact or reduces to the identity operator. As a consequence, it is shown that the Ritt’s resolvent condition and the unconditional Ritt’s condition for $$C_{\psi}$$

C
ψ

are equivalent.
Influenza surveillance case definitions miss a substantial proportion of older adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza: A report from the Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) Serious Outcomes Surveillance (SOS) Network
Authors: Andrew Melissa K. , McElhaney Janet E. , McGeer Allison A. , Hatchette Todd F. , Leblanc Jason , Webster Duncan , Bowie William , Poirier Andre , Nichols Michaela K. , McNeil Shelly A. ,   on behalf of the Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) Serious Outcomes Surveillance Network Investigators
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective:Older adults often have atypical presentation of illness and are particularly vulnerable to influenza and its sequelae, making the validity of influenza case definitions particularly relevant. We sought to assess the performance of influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) criteria in hospitalized older adults.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:The Serious Outcomes Surveillance Network of the Canadian Immunization Research Network undertakes active surveillance for influenza among hospitalized adults.Methods:Data were pooled from 3 influenza seasons: 2011/12, 2012/13, and 2013/14. The ILI and SARI criteria were defined clinically, and influenza was laboratory confirmed. Frailty was measured using a validated frailty index.Results:Of 11,379 adult inpatients (7,254 aged ≥65 years), 4,942 (2,948 aged ≥65 years) had laboratory-confirmed influenza. Their median age was 72 years (interquartile range [IQR], 58–82) and 52.6% were women. The sensitivity of ILI criteria was 51.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 49.6–52.6) for younger adults versus 44.6% (95% CI, 43.6–45.8) for older adults. SARI criteria were met by 64.1% (95% CI, 62.7–65.6) of younger adults versus 57.1% (95% CI, 55.9–58.2) of older adults with laboratory-confirmed influenza. Patients with influenza who were prefrail or frail were less likely to meet ILI and SARI case definitions.Conclusions:A substantial proportion of older adults, particularly those who are frail, are missed by standard ILI and SARI case definitions. Surveillance using these case definitions is biased toward identifying younger cases, and does not capture the true burden of influenza. Because of the substantial fraction of cases missed, surveillance definitions should not be used to guide diagnosis and clinical management of influenza.
Out-of-Plane Compressive Response of Additively Manufactured Cross-Ply Composites
Authors: Yogeshvaran R. N. , Liu B. G. , Farukh F. , Kandan K. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTDigital manufacturing was employed to 3D print continuous Carbon, Glass and Kevlar fibre reinforced composites in Unidirectional (UD) [0°], Off-axis ±45° and Cross-ply [0°/90°] layup sequence. These 3D printed composites were subjected to quasi-static, in-plane tension and out-of-plane (compression and shear) loading. The tensile strength of 3D printed Carbon, Glass and Kevlar UD laminates was significantly lower than that of 3D printing filaments used to manufacture them. The type of fibre (brittle/ductile) reinforcement was found to be governing the shear yield strength of 3D printed composites despite having the same Nylon matrix in all the composites. Out-of-plane compressive strength of the 3D printed Carbon and Glass fibre reinforced composites was independent of specimen size. Contrary to that, Kevlar fibre composites showed a pronounced size effect upon their out-of-plane compressive strength. A combination of X-ray tomography and pressure film measurements revealed that the fibres in 3D printed composites failed by ‘indirect tension’ mechanism which governed their out-of-plane compressive strength. To gain further insights on the experimental observations, Finite Element (FE) simulations were carried out using a pressure-dependent crystal plasticity framework, in conjunction with an analytical model based on shear-lag approach. Both FE and analytical model accurately predicted the out-of-plane compressive strength of all (Carbon, Glass and Kevlar fibre reinforced) 3D printed composites.
Affine Hecke algebras and generalizations of quiver Hecke algebras of type B
Authors: Poulain d'Andecy L. , Walker R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe define and study cyclotomic quotients of affine Hecke algebras of type B. We establish an isomorphism between direct sums of blocks of these algebras and a generalization, for type B, of cyclotomic quiver Hecke algebras, which are a family of graded algebras closely related to algebras introduced by Varagnolo and Vasserot. Inspired by the work of Brundan and Kleshchev, we first give a family of isomorphisms for the corresponding result in type A which includes their original isomorphism. We then select a particular isomorphism from this family and use it to prove our result.