bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perampanel in real‐world clinical care of patients with epilepsy: Interim analysis of a phase IV study
Authors: Wheless James , Wechsler Robert T. , Lancman Marcelo , Aboumatar Sami , Patten Anna , Malhotra Manoj 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the retention rate, efficacy, safety, and dosing of perampanel administered to patients with epilepsy during routine clinical care in the retrospective phase IV, PROVE Study (NCT03208660).MethodsExposure, efficacy, and safety data were obtained from the medical records of patients initiating perampanel after January 1, 2014, across 29 US study sites. The cutoff date for this interim analysis was October 10, 2018. The primary efficacy endpoint was retention rate. Secondary efficacy endpoints included median percent changes in seizure frequency, seizure‐freedom rate, and overall investigator impression of seizure effect.ResultsAll enrolled patients (N = 1121) received perampanel. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) cumulative duration of exposure to perampanel was 16.6 (14.7) months; overall mean (SD) daily perampanel dose was 5.7 (2.7) mg. Perampanel uptitration occurred weekly (21.1%), biweekly (23.8%), every 3 weeks (1.5%), other (43.3%), and unknown (10.3%). Across the Safety Analysis Set (N = 1121), retention rate on perampanel at 24 months was 49.5% (n = 319/645).At 12 months, the median reduction in seizure frequency per 28 days from baseline in the small number of patients for whom data were available was 75.0% (n = 85), and 30/85 (35.3%) patients were seizure free. Based on investigator impression at the end of treatment, improvement, no change (ie, stable), or worsening of seizures was reported in 54.3%, 33.7%, and 12.0% of patients, respectively.Treatment‐emergent adverse events occurred in 500 (44.6%) patients; the most common were dizziness (9.2%), aggression (5.4%), and irritability (4.5%). Serious treatment‐emergent adverse events occurred in 32 (2.9%) patients.SignificanceFavorable retention and sustained efficacy were demonstrated for ≥12 months following initiation of perampanel during routine clinical care in patients with epilepsy.
Energy absorption characteristics in hybrid composite materials for marine applications under impact loading: Case of tidal current turbine
Authors: Laaouidi Houda , Tarfaoui Mostapha , Nachtane Mourad , Trihi Mourad 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe tidal current turbine is the most efficient way to extract energy from the sea. This system can be prone to critical loads such as impact accidental in the installation and maintenance phase. Indeed, several complex modes of damage susceptible to harming the stability of the structure are studied to conceive hybrid composite nozzles with better resistance to damage. For this reason, two scenarios of low‐velocity impact of a hybrid composite nozzle (glass/carbon) were investigated. In both cases, the impact was realized in the region of the trailing edge of the nozzle, and the results obtained were compared between three different laminated. On the other hand, damage modeling was formulated using the finite element method based on the Hashin criteria. Energy conservation of the nozzle was verified to validate the numerical model. Also, the effects of the impact velocity and the panel's flexibility on the initiation and propagation of damage have been studied. Depending on the results, the stacking sequence significantly influences the formation of damage. However, the results show that the hybrid nozzle with CGG (carbon/glass/glass) stacking has a higher impact resistance compared to other laminates.
Liver Fibrosis Index FIB‐4 Is Associated With Mortality in COVID‐19
Authors: Li Yijia , Regan James , Fajnzylber Jesse , Coxen Kendyll , Corry Heather , Wong Colline , Rosenthal Alexandra , Atyeo Caroline , Fischinger Stephanie , Gillespie Elizabeth , Chishti Rida , Baden Lindsey , Yu Xu G , Alter Galit , Kim Arthur , Li Jonathan Z 
Published: November 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is associated with adverse outcomes, including need for invasive mechanical ventilation and death in people with risk factors. Liver enzyme elevation is commonly seen in this group, but its clinical significance remains elusive. In this study, we calculated the Fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) score for a cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 and assessed its association with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) RNA, inflammatory cytokine levels, and clinical outcome. A total of 202 hospitalized participants who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 by nasopharyngeal sampling were included in this analysis. FIB‐4 was calculated for each participant using the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, age, and platelet count. We evaluated the association between FIB‐4 and mortality using both multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards model. Correlations between FIB‐4 and SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA and cytokine levels were evaluated using the Spearman test. Among the 202 participants, 22 died. The median FIB‐4 in participants who survived and died were 1.91 and 3.98 (P < 0.001 by Mann‐Whitney U test), respectively. Each one‐unit increment in FIB‐4 was associated with an increased odds of death (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.36, 2.35; P < 0.001) after adjusting for baseline characteristics including sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, and history of liver diseases. During hospitalization, FIB‐4 peaked and then normalized in the survival group but failed to normalize in the death group. FIB‐4 was positively correlated with the level of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load and monocyte‐associated cytokines, especially interleukin‐6 and interferon gamma–induced protein 10. Conclusion: FIB‐4 is associated with mortality in COVID‐19, independent of underlying conditions including liver diseases. FIB‐4 may be a simple and inexpensive approach to risk‐stratify individuals with COVID‐19.
Elevation‐dependent changes in reference evapotranspiration due to climate change
Authors: Sun Juying , Wang Genxu , Sun Xiangyang , Lin Shan , Hu Zhaoyong , Huang Kewei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Food and Agriculture Organizations' (FAO) Penman–Monteith reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is a crucial index in the research of water and energy balance. Temporal and spatial variations in ET0 from 1981–2017 were investigated in the Hengduan Mountains, China. The results showed a change point around the year 2000 in ET0 series. ET0 decreased and increased significantly by +3.200 mm/year (p < 0.01) from 1981–2000 and by +4.109 mm/year (p < 0.01) from 2001–2017, respectively. The contribution analysis shows that the positive significant contribution of air temperature (TA) was offset by negative effects of decreases in downward shortwave radiation (Rs) and wind speed (WS) and an increase in actual vapour pressure (ea), causing the decrease in ET0 from 1981 to 2000. WS was the largest contributing factor for the decrease in ET0 from 1981 to 2000 during spring, winter and annually, while Rs and ea were the largest negative contributors in summer and autumn, respectively. An increase in TA was responsible for the increase in ET0 in all seasons except winter and the annual scale in 2001–2017. The sensitivity analysis shows that ET0 was most sensitive to TA, and WS was the least sensitive variable. The trends of ET0 increased with elevation; we denote this as the elevation‐dependence of ET0 changes. The elevation‐dependence was also noted for the trends of WS and ea, with higher elevations showing larger changes in WS and lower changes in ea. Besides, the sensitivities of TA, Rs and ea decreased with elevation, while that of WS increased slightly with elevation. A comprehensive investigation into the trends of climatic drivers and their sensitivities revealed complex trends of the contributions of climatic variables on ET0 with elevation, with no uniform trend existed in seasons. The results will contribute to our understanding of the response of ET0 to climate change in a mountainous area, and provide a guideline for the water resources management under climate change.
Geospatial barriers to healthcare access for breast cancer diagnosis in sub‐Saharan African settings: The African Breast Cancer—Disparities in Outcomes Cohort Study
Authors: Togawa Kayo , Anderson Benjamin O. , Foerster Milena , Galukande Moses , Zietsman Annelle , Pontac Johanna , Anele Angelica , Adisa Charles , Parham Groesbeck , Pinder Leeya F. , McKenzie Fiona , Schüz Joachim , dos Santos‐Silva Isabel , McCormack Valerie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe examined the geospatial dimension of delays to diagnosis of breast cancer in a prospective study of 1541 women newly diagnosed in the African Breast Cancer—Disparities in Outcomes (ABC‐DO) Study. Women were recruited at cancer treatment facilities in Namibia, Nigeria, Uganda and Zambia. The baseline interview included information used to generate the geospatial features: urban/rural residence, travel mode to treatment facility and straight‐line distances from home to first‐care provider and to diagnostic/treatment facility, categorized into country/ethnicity (population)‐specific quartiles. These factors were investigated in relation to delay in diagnosis (≥3 months since first symptom) and late stage at diagnosis (TNM: III, IV) using logistic regression, adjusted for population group and sociodemographic characteristics. The median (interquartile range) distances to first provider and diagnostic and treatment facilities were 5 (1‐37), 17 (3‐105) and 62 (5‐289) km, respectively. The majority had a delay in diagnosis (74%) and diagnosis at late stage (64%). Distance to first provider was not associated with delay in diagnosis or late stage at diagnosis. Rural residence was associated with delay, but the association did not persist after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics. Distance to the diagnostic/treatment facility was associated with delay (highest vs lowest quartile: odds ratio (OR) = 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08‐2.27) and late stage (overall: OR = 1.47, CI = 1.05‐2.06; without Nigerian hospitals where mostly local residents were treated: OR = 1.73, CI = 1.18‐2.54). These findings underscore the need for measures addressing the geospatial barriers to early diagnosis in sub‐Saharan African settings, including providing transport or travel allowance and decentralizing diagnostic services.
An empirical analysis of the use of agricultural mobile applications among smallholder farmers in Myanmar
Authors: Thar So Pyay , Ramilan Thiagarajah , Farquharson Robert J. , Pang Alexis , Chen Deli 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMobile phone applications (apps) designed to assist smallholder farmers improve decision‐making have been revolutionizing the agriculture sector. These apps offer solutions to farmer information needs by providing weather information, crop market trends, pest and disease damage identification, and advice on pesticide and fertilizer use. They also facilitate interaction with fellow farmers, extension workers and other stakeholders in the value chain who are interested in information exchange. Much previous research has investigated the contribution of mobile apps to agricultural production. This study explored the agricultural mobile apps available in Myanmar, analyzed factors affecting their use and assessed the potential for farm‐based decision support. Our findings indicate that when introducing mobile‐based tools, focus should be given to younger, more educated farmers growing more specialized crops. The main constraints to adopt agricultural apps are lack of access to smartphone and/or internet (63%) and lack of digital knowledge (20%). However, smallholder farmers in Myanmar were optimistic and positive toward agricultural apps for effective utilization. We also found that majority of the surveyed farmers were familiar with information received through Facebook groups. Incorporating useful information and functions from an agricultural mobile app to a Facebook Page could have a more useful and sustainable impact.
AgI‐promoted one‐pot synthesis of aminoindolizines via sequential Mannich‐Grignard addition and intramolecular cyclization in water
Authors: Guguloth Veeranna , Balaboina Ramesh , Paidakula Suresh , Thirukovela Narasimha S. , Vadde Ravinder 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe efficient synthesis of aminoindolizines in ecofriendly water with broad substrate scope from the mild and readily available AgI‐catalyzed one‐pot three‐component reaction of pyridine‐2‐carboxaldehyde, secondary amines, and terminal alkynes proceeds through the sequential Mannich‐Grignard addition as well as intramolecular cyclization was reported for the first time.
Delayed retreat of the summer monsoon over the Indochina Peninsula linked to surface warming trends
Authors: Liu Yang , Cook Kerry H. , Vizy Edward K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Indochina Peninsula (ICP) is dominated by a tropical monsoon climate, and changes of the prevailing winds here have a marked impact on moisture and aerosol transport. September to early October is within the monsoon retreat period that is preceded by a change in the zonal wind from westerly to easterly. Here, we show the long‐term change of the monsoon retreat date and its related climate factors. Climatologically, the zonal wind is primarily controlled by the meridional land–sea temperature gradient through the geostrophic balance. A simple physical model suggests that a 1 K increase in this gradient is associated with a zonal wind speed change of 2.17 m·s−1, and this estimate is consistent with reanalyses. Over the most recent 40 years there has been a positive trend of 0.107 K·decade−1 in the gradient, and linear regression shows that the average rate of delay of the summer monsoon retreat date over the ICP associated with trend in land–sea contrast is 23.5 day·K−1. The mixing ratio gradient also makes a contribution to the monsoon retreat but its significance is lower than the land–sea temperature contrast. The ICP is located in a transitional zone bounded by three sub‐regions of Asia‐Pacific monsoon system; the delayed ICP monsoon retreat is most consistent with changes of the East Asian‐Western North Pacific monsoon.
A measurement method of the focal distance of the virtual image in an augmented reality or virtual reality device
Authors: Hong Hyungki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn most augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) devices, a virtual image is formed in front of the eye at a specific focal distance. Focal distance is the distance to the virtual image produced by the virtual image optics and is a display parameter of interest. In this study, a method to measure the focal distance is proposed. A positive lens was added adjacent to the AR device, and the image of the virtual image formed by this lens was photographed at the different distances with the translation of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS), which was used as two‐dimensional spatial sensor arrays. Grating pattern with the various line thickness was used as input signal. Once the distance of the image of the virtual image formed by the addition of the positive lens was determined, the focal distance of the virtual image was found from the lens equation. The measurement accuracy of the proposed method with regard to the CMOS translation step was compared with the other conventional methods.
Pain Experience and Tolerance of Awake In‐Office Upper Airway Procedures: Influencing Factors
Authors: Whited Chad W. , Lubin Jonathan , Marka Nicholas , Koszewski Ian J. , Hoffman Matthew R. , Schoeff Stephen , Dailey Seth H. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives/HypothesisAwake, unsedated in‐office upper airway procedures are performed frequently and have high completion rates, yet less is known about the patients' pain experience and potentially influencing factors. It is also unclear if patients' pain experiences become worse with repeated procedures. We identified procedure‐ and patient‐related factors that might influence procedural completion and pain scores.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsPre‐, intra‐, and post‐procedure pain scores were collected prospectively for awake unsedated upper airway procedures performed at a single institution over a 5‐year period. Patient factors reviewed were demographics, body mass index, psychiatric and/or pain diagnosis, and related medications. Procedure factors reviewed were procedure type, route, side, and performance of the same procedure multiple times. Patients reported their pain level before, during, and after the procedure using a standard 0 to 10 scale. Maximum pain score change (PΔmax), or the difference between highest and lowest reported pain levels, was calculated. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsProcedure completion was 98.7% for 609 first time patients and 99.0% in 60 patients undergoing 292 repeat procedures. PΔmax did not covary with age, gender, or BMI. PΔmax covaried with pain and psychiatric conditions and associated medications. PΔmax was highest for injection medialization and lowest for tracheoscopy. PΔmax decreased over time for those undergoing multiple identical procedures.ConclusionsProcedures were performed with a very high completion rate and low pain scores. Age, sex, and BMI did not affect pain experience. A combination of pain and psychiatric conditions did. Injection medialization had the highest PΔmax and tracheoscopy the lowest.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1580–E1588, 2021
Controllable, Bidirectional Water/Organic Vapors Responsive Actuators Fabricated by One‐Step Thiol‐Ene Click Polymerization
Authors: Song Yanjiao , He Jianghua , Zhang Yuetao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is challenging to synthesize stimuli‐responsive materials with the well‐balanced performance of fast stimulus–response speed, good mechanical strength, multi‐functionality, and deformation diversity as well. This work reports a facile, one‐step thiol‐ene click polymerization strategy for preparation of water/acetone vapor‐responsive hierarchical films, by using diallyl terephthalate (P) as hydrophobic ene‐monomer, 1,4‐diallyl‐1,4‐diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane‐1,4‐diium bromide (B) as hydrophilic ene‐monomer, and pentaerythritol tetra(3‐mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) as thiol monomer. Besides, by taking advantage of the specific hydrophilic/hydrophobic induction effect of substrate and adjusting the molar ratio of P to B, P60B40‐HPI film is fabricated on hydrophilic substrate “with plasma treatment” whereas P80B20‐HPO film is obtained on hydrophobic substrate “without plasma treatment”. Their “upper‐dense and lower‐porous” structural feature ensured the excellent combination of fast stimuli‐response speed endowed by the porous structure and good mechanical strength enhanced by the upper dense surface. Both films are bidirectional water/acetone vapor‐responsive materials, but their bending directions responding to the stimuli factors are completely opposite. This strategy showed great potential in the development of smart stimuli‐responsive materials.
Modernizing Daily Function Assessment in Parkinson's Disease Using Capacity, Perception, and Performance Measures
Authors: Maetzler Walter , Rochester Lynn , Bhidayasiri Roongroj , Espay Alberto J. , Sánchez‐Ferro Alvaro , van Uem Janet M.T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMany disease symptoms restrict the quality of life of the affected. This usually occurs indirectly, at least in most neurological diseases. Here, impaired daily function is interposed between the symptoms and the reduced quality of life. This is reflected in the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health model published by the World Health Organization in 2001. This correlation between symptom, daily function, and quality of life makes it clear that to evaluate the success of a therapy and develop new therapies, daily function must also be evaluated as accurately as possible. However, daily function is a complex construct and therefore difficult to quantify. To date, daily function has been measured primarily by capacity (clinical assessments) and perception (surveys and patient‐reported outcomes) assessment approaches. Now, daily function can be captured in a new dimension, that is, performance, through new digital technologies that can be used in the home environment of patients. This viewpoint discusses the differences and interdependencies of capacity, perception, and performance assessment types using the example of Parkinson's disease. Options regarding how future study protocols should be designed to get the most comprehensive and validated picture of daily function in patients are presented. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Continuous body impedance measurement to detect bladder volume changes during urodynamic study: A prospective study in pediatric patients
Authors: Lee Sangyeop , Moon Junhyung , Shin Seung‐chul , Hwang Ji Hye , Lee Kyoungwoo , Lee Yong Seung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess the possibility of the body impedance (BI) reflecting bladder volumes (BV) in pediatric patients, the BI signals are measured continuously with the equipment that we have developed and reported previously, during the filling phase of urodynamic study (UDS).MethodsA total of 30 children (5–12 years old) are included in this prospective study. The equipment uses two dry electrodes embedded inside a strap to collect impedance and electrocardiogram signals. The factors affecting baseline BI and its decreases during UDS have been investigated.ResultsThe median age is 6.1 years and BI is accurately measured in 27 out of 30 patients (90.0% accuracy). The median value of baseline BI is 1958 Ω. It is higher when they are older, equal to or taller than 125 cm, or non‐neurogenic bladder patients. BI decreases as the bladder is filled with saline in 21 patients (77.8%), and remains constant in 6 patients (22.2%). The median age of the Decreased Group is significantly higher than that of Nondecreased Group (p = .036). Height of 125 cm or more is significant in the Decreased Group (p = .020). Heart rates also have been simultaneously measured and revealed a mild decrease during the filling phase.ConclusionsThe baseline BI is affected by the height and age of the children. BI is effectively measured and reflects a change in the BV in older children who are taller than 125 cm, with a small device using a smartphone and a strap.
Frequency and risk factors of pressure injuries in clinical settings of affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Aghazadeh AhmadMirza , Lotfi Mojgan , Asgarpour Hossein , Khajehgoodari Mohammad , Nobakht Afsaneh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimPressure injuries are considered a common and costly problem in the care of patients. Prevention and identification of risk factors for pressure injuries are very important due to the high cost of treatment and the adverse consequences of pressure injuries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of pressure injuries and its risk factors in clinical settings of affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.DesignA descriptive‐analytical study.MethodsThis study was performed on 200 patients who were selected by random sampling. The data collection tool was a 3‐part questionnaire. Data were analysed using a t test, chi‐square, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression in SPSS v. 24.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 51.93 (SD 14.99) years. The rate of pressure injuries in this study was 19.5%. The most susceptible area for pressure injuries were sacral (35.89%) and gluteal (20.51%), respectively. The pressure injuries was significantly associated with Braden's criteria, age, disease diagnosis and length of hospital stay (p < .05). But there was no statistically significant difference between sex and incidence of pressure injuries (p > .05).