bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Female Breast Cancer Treatment and Survival in South Australia: Results from Linked Health Data
Authors: Li Ming , Roder David , D’Onise Katina , Walters David , Farshid Gelareh , Buckley Elizabeth , Karapetis Christos , Joshi Rohit , Price Timothy , Townsend Amanda , Miller Caroline , Currow David , Powell Kate , Buranyi-Trevarton Dianne , Olver Ian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: We investigated treatment and survival by clinical and sociodemographic characteristics in South Australia for service evaluation using linked data.Method: Data on invasive female breast cancers (n=13494) from the South Australian Cancer Registry (2000-2014 diagnoses) were linked to hospital inpatient, radiotherapy, and universal health insurance data. Treatments <12 months from diagnosis and survival were analysed, using adjusted odds ratios (aORs) from logistic regression, and adjusted sub-hazard ratios (aSHRs) from competing risk regression. Results: Five-year disease-specific survival increased to 91% for 2010-2014. Survival was lower for: ages 70+ years, and lowest for 80+ years (aSHR 2.04, 95%CI 1.69-2.47), compared with ages <50 years; and in the presence of comorbidity (aSHR 2.00, 95%CI 1.06-3.78), higher TNM stage and higher grade. Differences in aSHRs were not found by birth country or residential remoteness, but survival was higher in the least disadvantaged areas (aSHR 0.77, 95%CI 0.65-0.92). Most women had breast surgery (90%) (breast conserving surgery (56%), mastectomy (26%), and both surgery types (9%)), systemic therapy (72%) and radiotherapy (60%). Less treatment applied for ages 80+ vs <50 years (aOR 0.10, 95%CI 0.05-0.20) and TNM stage IV vs stage I (aOR 0.13, 95%CI 0.08-0.22). Surgical treatment increased during the study period. More women from least disadvantaged areas had systemic therapy (aOR 1.43, 95%CI 1.26-1.63). Radiotherapy was less common in outer regional/remote residents compared with major city residents (aOR 0.88, 95%CI 0.78-0.99). Conclusions: High survival from breast cancer in South Australia was comparable to the Australia-wide rate and did not differ by residential remoteness and country of birth. Surgical treatment within 12 months after cancer diagnosis increased during the study period and strongly predicted higher survival. Patients aged 70+ years had lower survival and less treatment, and more trial evidence is needed to optimize trade-offs between benefits and harms in this older age range. Systemic therapy was less for residents from most disadvantaged areas, while radiotherapy was less for residents of outer regional and remote areas.
Hospital Length of Stay For COVID-19 Patients: Data-Driven Methods for Forward Planning
Authors: Vekaria Bindu , Overton Christopher , Wisniowski Arkadiusz , Ahmad Shazaad , Aparicio-Castro Andrea , Curran-Sebastian Jacob , Eddleston Jane , Hanley Neil , House Thomas , Kim Jihye , Olsen Wendy , Pampaka Maria , Pellis Lorenzo , Ruiz Diego Perez , Schofield John , Shryane Nick , Elliot Mark 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Predicting hospital length of stay (LoS) for patients with COVID-19 infection is essential to ensure that adequate bed capacity can be provided without unnecessarily restricting care for patients with other conditions. Here, we demonstrate the utility of three complementary methods for predicting LoS using UK national- and hospital-level data. Method: On a national scale, relevant patients were identified from the COVID-19 Hospitalisation in England Surveillance System (CHESS) reports. An Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) survival model and a truncation corrected method (TC), both with underlying Weibull distributions, were fitted to the data to estimate LoS from hospital admission date to an outcome (death or discharge) and from hospital admission date to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission date. In a second approach we fit a multi-state (MS) survival model to data directly from the Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT). We develop a planning tool that uses LoS estimates from these models to predict bed occupancy. Results: All methods produced similar overall estimates of LoS for overall hospital stay, given a patient is not admitted to ICU (8.4, 9.1 and 9.3 days for AFT, TC and MS, respectively). Estimates differ more significantly between the local and national level when considering ICU. National estimates for ICU LoS from AFT and TC were 12.4 and 13.4 days, whereas in local data the MS method produced estimates of 22.8 days. Conclusions: Given the complexity and partiality of different data sources and the rapidly evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is most appropriate to use multiple analysis methods on multiple datasets. The AFT method accounts for censored cases, but does not allow for simultaneous consideration of different outcomes. The TC method does not include censored cases but does consider these different outcomes. The MS method can model complex pathways to different outcomes whilst accounting for censoring, but cannot handle non-random case missingness. Overall, we conclude that data-driven modelling approaches of LoS using these methods is useful in epidemic planning and management, and should be considered for widespread adoption throughout healthcare systems internationally where similar data resources exist.
Optical and Topological Characterization of Hexagonal DNA Origami Nanotags
Authors: Chen Congzhou , Xu Jin , Shi Xiaolong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: DNA origami can be applied as a “ruler” for nanoscale calibration or super-resolution fluorescence microscopy with an ideal structure for defining fluorophore arrangement, allowing the distance between fluorophores to be precisely controlled at the nanometer scale. DNA origami can also be used as a nanotag with arbitrary programmable shapes. Result: We formed a hexagonal origami structure embedded with three different fluorescent dyes on the surface. The distance between each fluorescent block was ~120 nm, which is below the diffraction limit of light, allowing for its application as a nano-ruler for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. The outside edge of the hexagonal structure was redesigned to form three different substructures as topological labels. Atomic and scanning force microscopy demonstrated consistency of the nanoscale distance between morphological and fluorescent labels. Conclusion: We assembled the hexagonal origami platform and confirmed the fluorescent and topological lables, this fluorophore-embedded hexagonal origami platform can be used as a dual nano-ruler for both optical and topological calibration.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Congenital Heart Disease in Qingdao: A Prospective Census Study
Authors: Jin Xiao , Ni Wei , Li Guoju , Wang Guolan , Wu Qin , Zhang Jun , Jiao Na , Chen Wenjing , Liu Qing , Gao Li , Xing Quansheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background The incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) were greatly inconsistent among many studies with a range from 4/1,000 to 50/1,000. A large prospective population study was performed to investigate the incidence and find risk factors of congenital heart disease (CHD) during fetal and neonatal period.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted in Qingdao, China, from August 1, 2018 to April 30, 2019. All local registered pregnant were continuously investigated and followed from the first trimester to delivery, collecting the characteristics of pregnant and their newborns. A Poisson regression model was applied to assess the association between CHD and possible risk factors.Results The incidence of fetal CHD and neonatal CHD are 15.84 per 1000 fetuses and 7.32 per 1000 live births, respectively. Results from Poisson regression indicated that, countryside (0.821; 95% CI, 0.730-0.920) and first gestation (0.890; 95% CI, 0.813-0.975) was negatively associated with CHD. However, paternal factors such as multi-fetal infants (RR: 1.631, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.276-2.036), greater than high school degree (1.390; 95% CI, 1.129-1.701), illness in 1st trimester (1.214; 95% CI, 1.080-1.359), family history of CHD (2.480; 95% CI, 1.362-3.967), and having a baby with birth defect before (1.780; 95% CI, 1.300-2.345) were positive associated with CHD.Conclusion The incidence of CHD in Qingdao was similar to existing research. Compared with neonate, the incidence of CHD is higher in fetal. Multi-fetal infants, greater than high school degree, illness in 1st trimester, family history of CHD and having a baby with birth defect before were correlated with an increased risk of CHD. This prospective study would provide great implications for on CHD intervention.
Effectiveness of the Oral Care Program&nbsp;in Type 2 Diabetic Elderly Patients with Periodontitis:&nbsp;A Clustered Randomised&nbsp;Controlled Study With 6-month Follow-Up
Authors: Phetnin Namon , Tippanart Vichayanrat , Chuchai Anunmana 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease have a bidirectional relationship. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the oral care program in reducing glycaemic status and improving oral health behaviours and oral hygiene among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) older patients with periodontitis.Methods: A clustered randomised controlled study was conducted in Nakhon Ratchasima province between July 2019 and January 2020. The two health centres were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups, which thirty-five T2DM older patients with chronic periodontitis were recruited in each group. The intervention group received the program consisted of oral health education based on Health Belief Model (HBM), individual oral hygiene instruction and scaling and root planning at one month and followed by individual oral hygiene instruction at three months. The patients in the control group received the routine program provided by the health centre. Outcomes were measured using the interviewed questionnaire, simplified oral hygiene index, and the glycaemic status (HbA1c) at baseline, 3 months and 6 months, respectively. Data were analysed using a descriptive statistic, Chi-square test, t-test, repeated measure ANOVA at p-value = 0.05. Results: After the 3 and 6 months, the results showed that the intervention group significantly improved in the HBM scores, oral health behaviours scores, and decreased in OHI-S scores and HbA1c level (p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the control group.Conclusion: The findings suggested that the proposed program was effective among diabetic older people with periodontitis to improve oral health perception, behaviours, oral hygiene, and decreased glycaemic status at 3- and 6-month evaluation.Trial registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR), TCTR202004230005. Registered 22 April 2020 - Retrospectively registered.
Partnership between Primary Health and Social Care Services in the Long-Term Care of Older People with Dementia: A Vignette Study
Authors: Kontrimiene Ausrine , Blazeviciene Aurelija , Liseckiene Ida , Raila Gediminas , Valius Leonas , Jaruseviciene Lina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background. Dementia is considered to be a significant cause of disability and dependency for older people worldwide and it raises difficulties in providing adequate formal and informal assistance. Research on the experience of long-term care (LTC) services for older people with dementia is scarce in Eastern European countries. This study aimed to understand the system of care for older people with dementia from the perspective of health and social care workers providing LTC services in Lithuania. Methods. A total of 72 primary health care and social care professionals from public and private institutions in Kaunas city participated in this study. One-to-one interviews were conducted with family physicians, community nurses, psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, and social workers. A vignette situation of two fictitious patients with dementia and their informal caregiver was discussed during the interviews. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis by induction approach.Results. Thematic analysis of the data revealed two main themes: LTC provision trajectory, and three-dimensional relationship perception in realization of LTC activities. LTC provision trajectory reflected activities performed as a response to the described situation embracing formal procedures for the endorsement of LTC needs as well as the range of LTC services. Three-dimensional relationship perception in realization of LTC activities mirrored the participants’ relationships with themselves, with each other, and with the informal caregiver.Conclusions. Our study revealed the potential of complex measures that could be instrumental for the refinement of the caregiving process. First, a change in the special needs’ endorsement logic is needed, shifting focus from medical diagnosis to functional abilities assessment. Second, establishing clear procedures for formal cooperation between the health and social care sectors in the trajectory of LTC service provision. Finally, finding an adequate balance between LTC and institutional care by creating a wider range of LTC services. A more consistent and coordinated delivery of services by both health and social care sectors seems to be an untapped resource for the improvement of the LTC potential.
Bioinformatics-Aided Identification, Characterization of Fungal Linalool Synthases and Applications in Linalool biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Congqiang , Chen Xixian , Lee Raphael Tze Chuen , T Rehka , Mauer-Stroh Sebastian , Rühl Martin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Enzymes empower chemical industries and are the keystone for metabolic engineering. For example, linalool synthases (LSs) are indispensable for the biosynthesis of linalool, an important fragrance used in 60-80% cosmetic and personal care products. However, plant LSs have low activities while expressed in microbes. Aided by bioinformatics analysis, four linalool/nerolidol synthases (LNSs) from various Agaricomycetes were accurately predicted and validated experimentally. Furthermore, we discovered a novel LS with exceptionally high levels of selectivity and activity from Agrocybe pediades, ideal for linalool bioproduction. It effectively converted glucose into enantiopure (R)-linalool in Escherichia coli, 44-fold and 287-fold more efficient than bacterial and plant counterparts, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the divergent evolution paths for plant, bacterial and fungal LSs. More critically, structural comparison provided catalytic insights in Ap.LS superior specificity and activity, and mutational experiments validated the key residues responsible for the specificity.
Visceral Adipose Tissue Promotes Pressure-Induced Heart Failure Associated with Circulating Fatty Acids
Authors: Shi Wenjiao , Peng Yuanzhi , Du Jianer , Weng Xiaojian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is the main source of circulating fatty acids (FAs) that provides the energy substrate for the heart. Till now, studies have not shown a clear association between individual circulating FAs and heart failure (HF). In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in circulating FAs in HF mice and their association with VAT by removing epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Here, we found that the serum levels of four fatty acids, namely arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, and docosapentaenoic acid, were significantly decreased in pressure-induced HF mice via transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery accompanied with cardiac enlargement and fibrosis. Most importantly, removal of eWAT in mice led to a significant decrease in the levels of the above-mentioned fatty acids without any significant difference between the HF and sham groups. Accordingly, cardiac enlargement and fibrosis were significantly alleviated. We concluded that VAT excision alleviated TAC-induced cardiac failure by decreasing serum arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, and docosapentaenoic acid levels.
Molecular Characteristics of HBV Among Blood Donors in Southern China with Different HBsAg ELISA Results by Two Kits
Authors: Ye Xianlin , Li Tong , Li Ran , Liu Heng , Zhao Junpeng , Zeng jinfeng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The blood donors tested reactive (R) for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) but were missed by routine nucleic acid test (NAT), which can be resulted by the infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with extremely low viral load. This phenomenon remains a strict threat to blood transfusion in China.Objectives: We aimed to investigate and analyze the molecular characteristics of HBV among blood donors that detected as HBsAg reactive (R) in single ELISA Reagent. Methods: The blood donations were detected as HBsAg R in one ELISA kit, using two kinds of ELISA reagents. These samples with non-reactive (NR) results by NAT were collected and tested for HBsAg by Abbott chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CLIA) with neutralization test, the level of HBsAg were further detected by Roche electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). The viral basic core promoter (BCP) and pre-core (PC) and S regions were also amplified by nested-PCRs. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for viral load determination and individual donation NAT of Roche reagent were adopted simultaneously. HBsAg was confirmed by the results of CLIA, ECLIA, nested-PCR, qPCR, and ID-NAT.Results: Of 100,252 donations, 38 and 41 were identified as HBsAg reactive only in WanTai and DiaSorin ELISA kit respectively, after blood screening using WanTai and DiaSorin ELISA assays. 79 (0.077%, 79/100,252) blood samples with ELISA R-NR and NAT NR results were enrolled in the study. Of which, 17 (21.5%,17/79) were confirmed as HBsAg positive. Of 14 cases genotyped, genotype B were 78.6% (11/14), C and D was observed in 2 (14.2%, 2/14) and 1 sample (7.1%, 1/14), respectively. Mutations in the S gene such as Y100C, Y103I, G145R, and L175S were found, which can affect the detection of HBsAg. A high-frequency mutation, T1719G (93.3%), was detected in BCP/PC and would reduce the replication of the virus. Conclusion: A small part of blood samples with HBsAg ELISA R-NR and NAT NR results were confirmed as HBV infection, viral nucleic acids were found in most of those samples through the in-house NAT methods. It is necessary to apply more sensitive and specific assays for the detection of HBV infection among blood donors.
PLGF Knockdown Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Stimulation of Cell Proliferation and Glycolysis of Lung Adenocarcinoma Through Inhibiting Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Yanwei , Zhou Wensheng , Qian Fangfei , Hu Minjuan , Chen Ya , Lu Jun , Lou Yuqing , Han Baohui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Angiogenic placental growth factor (PLGF) plays a role in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis. Here, we aimed to investigate the biological roles of PLGF in cell proliferation and glycolysis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: PLGF was knocked down in H358 and H1975 cells by lentiviruses, which were then cultured under hypoxia (90% N2, 5%CO2 and 5%O2) for 24 h. PLGF was overexpressed in PC9 cells treated with XAV939, inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. PLGF-silencing H1975 cells were implanted into mice, and tumor xenografts were harvested and analyzed. Results: Hypoxia treatment led to up-regulation of PLGF, C-myc, lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), and β-catenin, promotion of cell proliferation and glycolysis inH358 and H1975 cells, which were obviously reversed by knocking down PLGF. In tumors, PLGF knockdown significantly prohibited cell proliferation and glycolysis, and decreased expression of C-myc, LDHA, and β-catenin. PLGF overexpression markedly strengthened cell proliferation and glycolysis, and increased β-catenin expressionin PC9 cells, which were abrogated by XAV939. Conclusion: PLGF knockdown inhibited the stimulatory effect of hypoxia on cell proliferation and glycolysis of LUAD through deactivating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
WITHDRAWN: Near 14 cm2 V-1 s-1 Charge Carrier Mobility Enabled by Amorphous Indacenodithiophene-based Polymers with Controlled Regioregularity
Authors: Cho Yongjoon , Park Sohee , Jeong Seonghun , Yang Heesoo , Lee Byongkyu , Lee Sang Myeon , Lee Byoung , Yang Changduk 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of four regioregular, well-defined donor–acceptor polymers (P1, P2, P3, and P4), comprising different compositions of axisymmetric cyclopentadithiophene (CDT) and centrosymmetric indacenodithiophene (IDT) donors in conjugation with the asymmetric 5-fluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole acceptor that is precisely oriented in the regular pattern along the backbone. Morphological analyses of the above polymer series show that exclusive CDT donor-containing P1 is semicrystalline, whereas the others (IDT donor-containing ones) are near-amorphous in nature. Comparatively, IDT donor-containing polymers have superior hole mobilities; in particular, exclusive IDT donor-containing polymer P4 offers an ultra-high mobility of 13.82 cm2 V− 1 s− 1 at a channel length of 200 µm, which is comparable to the recently reported values for state-of-the-art semicrystalline semiconductors. In addition, the near-amorphous characteristics render the IDT donor-containing polymer films highly ductile and stretchable. Such superior features, which are associated with excellent charge transport and ductility, demonstrate a promising possibility for application in viable stretchable electronics.
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein as a Drug Target for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Schmidt Amand , Hunt Nicholas , Gordillo-Maranon Maria , Charoen Pimphen , Drenos Fotios , Casas Juan-Pablo , Kivimaki Mika , Franceschini Nora , Gaunt Tom , Mook-Kanamori Dennis , Hughes Alun , Lawlor Debbie , Price Jackie , Giambartolomei Claudia , Wong Andrew , Papacosta Olia , Chaturvedi Nishi , Wannamethee Goya , Bis Joshua , O'Donnell Christopher , Zwierzyna Magdalena , Sofat Reecha , Hingorani Aroon , Finan Chris 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Drug development of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibition to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD) has yet to deliver licensed medicines. To distinguish compound from drug target failure, we compared evidence from clinical trials and Mendelian randomization (MR) results. Findings from meta-analyses of CETP inhibitor trials (≥ 24 weeks follow-up) were used to judge between-compound heterogeneity in treatment effects. Genetic data were extracted on 190 + pharmacologically relevant outcomes; spanning 480,698 − 21,770 samples and 74,124-4,373 events. Drug target MR of protein concentration was used to determine the on-target effects of CETP inhibition and compared to that of PCSK9 modulation. Fifteen eligible CETP inhibitor trials of four compounds were identified, enrolling 79,961 participants. There was a high degree of heterogeneity in effects on lipids, lipoproteins, blood pressure, and clinical events. For example, dalcetrapib and evacetrapib showed a neutral effect, torcetrapib increased, and anacetrapib decreased cardiovascular disease (CVD); heterogeneity p-value < 0.001. In drug target MR analysis, lower CETP concentration (per \(\mu\)g/ml) was associated with CHD (odds ratio 0.95; 95%CI 0.91; 0.99), heart failure (0.95; 95%CI 0.92; 0.99), chronic kidney disease (0.94 95%CI 0.91; 0.98), and age-related macular degeneration (1.69; 95%CI 1.44; 1.99). Lower PCSK9 concentration was associated with a lower risk of CHD, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and stroke, and increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease and asthma. In conclusion, previous failures of CETP inhibitors are likely compound related. CETP inhibition is expected to reduce risk of CHD, heart failure, and kidney disease, but potentially increase risk of age-related macular disease.