bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of increased residential mobility and reduced public spaces mobility in containing COVID-19 in Africa
Authors: Asweto Collins O , Onyango Patrick O , Alzain Mohamed A , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2020

Background The rising COVID-19 crisis threatens to disproportionately hit African countries. As a result, most African governments have temporarily closed schools and non-essential businesses or banned social gatherings to contain the disease. It is therefore important to estimate the level of transmission reduction as a result of these measures. This study aimed at predicting COVID-19 cases in Africa based on COVID-19 community mobility report. Methods Our study focused on 26 African countries whose community mobility data were available online. The number of daily confirmed cases for the period of February 15th, 2020 to May 29th, 2020 for each country was obtained from European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) COVID-19 cases geographic distribution data. Multiple linear regression was performed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 community mobility and confirmed cases. Results The maximum public place mobility change was -38.15% with an average of -18.85% (±3.47); residential mobility was at 23.17% with an average of 11. 268% (±1.448). The number of confirmed cases had a significant negative correlation with residential mobility change (r = -0.878, P<0.01) and positive correlation with public place mobility change (r = 0.881, P<0.05). Both mobility changes in public spaces and residential are significant predictors of COVID-19 cases. More specifically, about 1% change in a public place and residential mobility would result in 167 less COVID-19 daily cases, while total lockdown would result in 581 fewer daily cases. Conclusions Our analysis shows that a COVID-19 containment strategy that focuses on increasing residential mobility and reducing public spaces mobility is effective. Therefore, the finding supports containment measures that aim to limit the movement of people.
Application of Dose Area Product (DAP) to Estimate Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) in Pediatric Chest X-Rays
Authors: Davoodi Roya , Eydian Mohammad-Reza , Karampour Hessein , Nassarpour Mahdi , Rezazadeh-Farokh Reza , Maraei Asma , Chavideh Mohammad 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Given the high radiation tissue sensitivity of pediatric patients, it is necessary to monitor their received dose to optimize radiation protection. The first aim of this study was to evaluate the entrance surface dose (ESD) in pediatric patients undergoing a chest X-ray at the main hospital of Dezful, Iran. The second aim was to compare our results with the established dose reference levels (DRLs).
Materials and Methods: The studied population included 204 pediatric patients less than 15 years who were referred to as chest X-ray. A calibrated dose area product meter (DAP-meter) with permanent installation on the X-ray unit was used to radiation dose measurements. For each patient, the demographic data, exposure parameters and the dose read by DAP-meter were recorded and ESD was calculated using a standard mathematical formula.
Results: The average value of ESD was 119 μGy in patients less than 15 years. This value was 51.3, 122.3, 131.5 and 171.2 μGy for the age groups for less than 1 year, 1 to 5 years, 5 to 10 years and 10 to 15 years, respectively. A statistically significant difference was seen between ESD values ​​in different age groups (P<0.001), whereas no statistical difference was seen between ESD values in ​ girls and boys (P =0.993).
Conclusion: Pediatric patients in hospital investigated (except age group less than 1 year) are subjected to unnecessary radiation exposure, especially due to the use of non-optimize X-ray protocols.
Never Neutral, Never Alone
Authors: Lankes R. David 
Published: August 2020

Library science is getting harder to teach. The variety in libraries of all types is increasing as more and more mold themselves to their communities rather than field-wide norms. How can library science education change to meet the new variety, and the variety in a post-neutrality world? The author proposes new metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of LIS programs: Agility—What ongoing methods are in place to identify, evaluate, and prepare students for developments in a rapidly changing profession? Connectedness—Who are the partners networked with the program and its faculty to ensure direct connection of the classroom to the field? Embeddedness—What is the program’s ability to deliver authentic field experiences to students that allow them to contextualize theory and research methods? Resilience—How prepared are librarians to face, understand (i.e., analyze), and solve the problems in a community in line with the professional mission and values of librarianship?
Teaching Ways of Emphasizing and Neutralizing of Connotation While Using Lexical Transformations in Translation of Fiction
Authors: Telegina Olga Vladimirovna 
Published: August 2020

The scientific work includes wide theoretical and practical material about the study of necessity to use and teach students-future interpreters how to emphasize and neutralize connotations during fiction translation. Use of fiction as translation teaching aids is substantiated from the point of view of possible worlds theory and mental space of a language. Frequently used lexical, stylistics and combinatory transformations are recognized in translation of connotations from English into Russian on the example of the novel “Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix” by J.K. Rowling. The scientific work deals with the study of using different transformations due to which there is an effect of emphasizing and neutralizing. Difficulties of connotation translation are observed and ways to overcome the difficulties are given.
Modellierung der Vegetationshöhenstufen und der Areale von Buche und Tanne für die Schweiz
Authors: Huber Barbara , Gubelmann Päivi , Zischg Andreas , Augustin Sabine , Frehner Monika 
Published: August 2020

Modelling of the vegetation belts and the areas of beech and silver fir for Switzerland
The vegetation belts and the distribution area of beech and silver fir in Switzerland are an essential basis for the classification of forest site types with ecograms and therefore for site-specific recommendations of tree species and for forestry. Their limits, which are to a large extend defined by climatic factors, were until now only defined on a qualitative basis. For the future usage of the ecograms for tree species recommendations the limits must be described quantitatively, so that they can be modelled for the future with climate scenarios. With maps in a high spatial resolution of the forest-relevant climate variables and with additional important site parameters, those parameters were selected, which were relevant for the actual limits of the vegetation belts as well as for the beech and silver fir areal. The altitudinal belts were modelled by means of a linear regression between the known position of a representative altitudinal limit and the respective climatic factors at that position. The areal limits were modelled with a fuzzy logic approach. The climatic variables for the time span 2070–2099 were calculated on the basis of the climate (emission) scenario A1B (regional models RegCM3 and CLM), so that the limits of the altitudinal belts and the areas could be modelled for the future. The results of the model approaches are ecologically plausible. This could be shown in a comparison with the forest site types on the sample points of the National Forest Inventory and in an expert evaluation. The developed vegetation and climate maps as well as the modelled projections of the altitudinal belts in the future are the basis for the inclusion of climate change in the recommendation of tree species. They serve as decision support for forest managers and authorities in the forestry planning which is confronted with many uncertainties.
Efficacy Of Eel Cookies On Improving Nutritional Status Of Pregnant Women With Chronic Energy Defifiency
Authors: Pratiktowati Devi , Herawati Dewi Marhaeni Diah , Megawati Ginna , Sunjaya Deni Kurniadi 
Published: August 2020

A high prevalence chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women exist in Indonesia, which approximately 16.2%. The government had made various efforts to eliminate CED in pregnant women. Therefore, our study aimed to analyze the efficacy of eel cookies on improving nutritional status of pregnant women with CED risk. An experiment with a pre-post design of 36 pregnant women with risk of CED in Ciletuh, Sukabumi was carried out for 30 days. Pregnant women in intervention group were given eel cookies, while control group were given cookies without eel. At the beginning and end of the study, MUAC were measured and food intake was assessed through a 24 hour recall. The research data was analysed using t-test, Mann-Whitney test and chi square. Significant difference in body weight between intervention and control groups was not found (p > 0.05). The mean bodyweight in intervention group after intervention (48.5) was higher than in control group (48.3). The Mean bodyweight and MUAC in the two groups before and after intervention also did not show a significant difference (p> 0.05). The risk of CED in pregnant women who received eel cookies were lower compared to the control group. Consumption of eel cookies can reduce CED risk in pregnant women by 35%, while cookies without eel only reduce the risk by 29.4%. Eel cookies had higher efficacy compared to cookies without eel on reducing CED risk in pregnant women.
The Intervention Programs To Reduce Stigma And Discrimination In People Living With HIV/ AIDS (PLWHA)
Authors: Triyono Wahyu Wirawan , Cory'ah Fitra Arsy Nur 
Published: August 2020

The case of HIV / AIDS is still a global problem and a serious concern from all parties, especially in Central Lombok. HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discriminatory attitudes deter the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS prevention and care programs. The Intervention efforts that have been by Central Lombok for the mobile VCT program through Communication, Information and Education on PLWHA (People Living with HIV/AIDS), Static VCT Programs and Internal In House Training Programs in Praya Hospital and others.This research examines the stigma and discrimination associated with interventions made by the Central Lombok. This type of research is qualitative with a phenomenological approach design, data collection through in-depth interviews and document search. Data analysis with data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing and verification. The results revealed that their PLWHA had experienced stigma and discrimination, health workers and the general public had positive and negative views related to still, they discriminated who were in the community. The conclusion in this research is that stigma and discrimination against PLWHA are still prevalent in the community and intervention efforts made in providing advocacy to health workers, the general public has been endeavored to reduce these problems.
Media pembelajaran Word Wall dalam meningkatkan kemampuan mengingat kosa kata bahasa Arab
Authors: Turohmah Fauzia , Mayori Elsa , Sari Resna Yuliana 
Published: August 2020

<p class="16aJudulAbstrak">There are a lot of individuals who have a hard time learning Arabic because teaching methods have not yet reached the point of performing other methods that could be applied in its learning. To achieve in this ability to speak Arabic must be associated with media that can make it easier for students to study or understand. One way to develop a vocabulary in this Arabic. Is to use a wall media. Word wall media is the proper and effective medium to improve Arabic memory. Research methods we use are literature study methods. The objective of this study is to increase the quantity and quality of learners in remembrance of the Arabic vocabulary.</p><p class="16aJudulAbstrak"> </p><p class="16aJudulAbstrak"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p class="16bIsiAbstrak">Masih banyak individu yang kesulitan dalam mempelajari bahasa Arab dikarenakan metode atau cara mengajar dari seorang guru belum mencapai tahap melakukan metode-metode lain yang mungkin bisa diterapkan di dalam pembelajarannya. Untuk mencapai dalam kemampuan berbahasa arab ini haruslah diikuti dengan media-media yang dapat memudahkan para pelajar agar lebih mudah untuk dipelajari atau dipahami. Salah satu cara untuk dapat mengembangkan kosakata dalam Bahasa arab ini adalah dengan menggunakan media Word Wall. Media Word Wall adalah media yang tepat dan efektif adalah metode studi kepustakaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas peserta didik dalam mengingat kosa kata bahasa Arab.</p>
- Behavior of Concrete Containing Alternative Pozzolan Calcined Marl Blended Cement
Authors: Akgün Yasemin 
Published: August 2020

Natural marl which is calcined at appropriate temperature has potential being alternative pozzolan. Therefore, the calcined marl is wanted to be used as replacement material in blended cements with less clinker. This situation leads to improved performance of cement/concrete, reduced CO2 emissions, saving of energy. The properties of used pozzolan positively effect to some behavior of concrete. Shrinkage is one of these properties. The shrinkage of concrete is inherent property that needs to be control. Moreover, the shrinkage of concrete becomes even more important in some applications such as mass concrete, prestressed concrete. The aim of study is to determinate how will affected shrinkage of concrete containing alternative pozzolan calcined marl blended cements. Accordingly, the natural marl was calcined at 800 °C for pozzolanic activation. The calcined marl was replaced with Portland cement at ratios of 0, 10, 30, 50 wt.%. The setting times, volume expansion, water demand, density, performance energy evaluation of blended cements were determined. The autogenous-drying shrinkage, mass loss and compressive strength tests were performed on concretes containing calcined marl blended cements. According to the results, pozzolanic activity of calcined marl and properties of blended cements containing calcined marl are comply with limit values of TS 25 and EN197-1. It was observed that autogenous-drying shrinkage and mass loss of concretes containing calcined marl blended cement were lower than that of concretes containing Portland cement. On the other hand, it was seen that compressive strength of concretes was increased up to 50 % replacement ratio.
Психологічна безпека людини в онтологічному та гносеологічному вимірах. Післямова до роботи, відзначеної Державною премією України в галузі науки і техніки.
Authors: Slyusarevskyy Mykola 
Published: August 2020

Аналізується стан проблеми психологічної безпеки людини, яка в останні десятиріччя активно розробляється на пострадянських теренах.
На основі проведеного аналізу констатується, що розроблення цієї проблеми, аналітичну рамку якого задають публікації психологів Російської Федерації, здійснюється в спірних теоретико-методологічних координатах.
У тлумаченнях психологічної безпеки виразно простежуються тенденції абсолютизації її індивідуально-психологічних аспектів та десоціалізації, що спотворює зміст даного поняття (фактично відбувається його підміна: індивідуально-психологічні ресурси і чинники безпеки розглядаються як сама безпека).
На думку автора, конструктивну альтернативу згаданим тенденціям становить концепт психологічної безпеки, покладений в основу роботи «Життєвий світ і психологічна безпека людини в умовах суспільних змін», за яку групі вчених Інституту соціальної та політичної психології НАПН України присвоєно Державну премію України в галузі науки і техніки за 2019 рік.
Згідно із цим концептом, психологічна безпека людини є інтегративною характеристикою системи взаємодії «суб’єкт – середовище», у процесі якої складається певна ситуація, котру людина суб’єктивно означує маркерами «безпечна – небезпечна».
Обґрунтовується ситуаційна, а також динамічна, континуальна природа психологічної безпеки.
Наголошується, що, так само як і ситуація, психологічна безпека водночас залежить і не залежить від людини, тому вирішення проблеми психологічної безпеки передбачає як актуалізацію особистісних ресурсів захищеності психіки, так і підвищення рівня безпечності переважно незалежних від людини чинників.
Підкреслюється відносний характер будь-якої психологічної убезпеченості, разом з тим висунуто тезу про можливість і потребу досягнення в кожному конкретному випадку такого її рівня, який є необхідним і достатнім для збереження особистісної автентичності і життєтворчого потенціалу людини.
Особливу увагу приділено розкриттю соціальної сутності та діалектики активності людини як суб’єкта безпеки. Обстоюється думка про те, що проблематика психологічної безпеки людини належить до сфери компетенції передусім соціальної психології. Інші психологічні дисципліни можуть розробляти її окремі аспекти.
Cuidar, aprender e prevenir: uma abordagem efetiva de promoção em saúde sexual para adolescente em uma escola pública de Belém do Pará, Brasil
Authors: Conceição Larissa Patricia Lima da , Souza João Vitor Duarte de , Silva Fábio Bruno Jesus da , Luz Alan Souza Da , Duarte Hyvina Paula Peres , Santos Rafaella Casanova Ataíde dos , Oliveira Fábio Venâncio de , Oliveira Jhonnathan Henrique Palheta de , Sacramento Ruhan da Conceição , Mourão Karollyne Quaresma , Mourão Kellyne Quaresma , Vasconcelos Lidiane Assunção de 
Published: August 2020

De acordo com evidências atuais, um crescente número de pacientes que procuram o sistema público de saúde por infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST’s) estão na faixa etária associada à adolescência, período comumente relacionado à gravidez sem planejamento. Esse quadro preocupante está associado ao pouco conhecimento sobre educação sexual pelos jovens, em virtude de falta de informação e orientação. Diante disso, tal tema foi escolhido com o objetivo de promover a educação sexual de jovens e adolescentes, visando como resultado a prevenção de IST’s e gravidez nessa população. Frente a essa problemática um estudo epidemiológico descritivo com análise quantitativa a respeito dos conhecimentos dos adolescentes relacionados a saúde sexual, coletado por meio de questionários aplicados pré e pós uma roda de conversa realizada com alunos do ensino fundamental, do oitavo e nono ano, de uma escola pública do estado do Pará. A partir disso, uma análise dos resultados identificou um aumento médio de 24% de acertos na turma de oitavo ano e 14% na turma de nono ano. Infere-se, portanto, que a prática de intervenção social do seguinte estudo obteve como resultado o incremento do conhecimento dos alunos sobre os assuntos abordados com base nos testes aplicados. A vista disso, é esperado que a partir dessa abordagem ocorra um impacto positivo na vida desses estudantes e de sua comunidade.
A psicodinâmica do trabalho como lente teórica para o estudo do gerencialismo flexível
Authors: Alencar Arthur Vitor Cruz , Santos Ana Cristina Batista dos , Araújo Andressa Aguiar 
Published: August 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo propor um modelo teórico-analítico para o estudo do trabalho sob a lógica do gerencialismo à luz da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho (PDT). A proposta baseia-se nas recentes mudanças na lógica de produção, no mundo do trabalho e, consequentemente, no tecido social, que indicam um cenário caracterizado pela flexibilidade, individualismo e hiperatividade. Sugere a PDT por ser uma corrente teórica capaz de examinar o objeto estudado do prisma tanto das dimensões de contexto (condições do trabalho, organização do trabalho e relações de trabalho) como de conteúdo (carga psíquica, construção da identidade etc), próprias da relação homem-trabalho, que moldam as vivências (medo, prazer-sofrimento) podendo interferir no estado (saúde-adoecimento) dos sujeitos. Quanto ao método, o modelo apresenta, como proposta qualitativa, a utilização da entrevista como coleta de dados, da Análise dos Núcleos de Sentido (ANS) como técnica interpretativa. Ademais, apresenta em termos quantitativos, como técnica de coleta de dados, o Inventário sobre Trabalho e Riscos de Adoecimento (ITRA), a partir das escalas que avaliam as dimensões relativas ao trabalho. A metodologia utilizada na confecção deste trabalho foi do tipo revisão bibliográfica, com categorização da literatura utilizando a técnica da análise temática. Como resultado, o trabalho deu origem a um framework metodológico, que pode ser utilizado como metodologia em pesquisas futuras.
Contribuições da educação do campo para uma formação omnilateral
Authors: Figueiredo Eduardo Lourenço , Silva Nelson Vieira da 
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho aborda a questão da educação do campo e surge com o propóstio de pensar suas possíveis contribuições para uma formação omnilateral. Para tanto, utilizamos como metodologia a pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico. Iniciamos com uma breve análise da história da educação do campo no Brasil, com todas as lutas e conquistas, seguimos fazendo uma diferenciação entre a educação rural e a educação do campo, posto que as mesmas, embora muitas vezes tratadas como se fossem o mesmo tipo de educação, possuem características específicas. A educação rural caracterizada por reproduzir a educação urbana no meio rural, a educação do campo procura não somente valorizar a identidade campesina, mas atuar em prol da emancipação dos sujeitos do campo. O artigo apresenta uma breve definição de formação omnilateral, enquanto uma formação que engloba todas as dimensões do processo de humanização dos sujeitos. Infere-se que a educação do campo pode proporcionar importantes contribuições para que a formação omnilateral se efetive a exemplo do caráter ético-político dado ao fazer educativo, da busca pela superação do paradigma de produção capitalista e da luta pela construção de um novo modelo de sociedade baseado num desenvolvimento sustentável.
What is smartphone? philosophical perspective: reflection on the use of smartphone in the new normal life
Authors: Aufa Ari abi , Mustansyir Rizal , Maharani Septiana Dwiputri 
Published: August 2020

The use of smartphones during this pandemic increased rapidly. Smartphones are the most widely used communication media compared to other communication media. This is because smartphones have various features and applications that can help users in completing their work, getting entertainment, and interacting with others. However, in every technology used by humans, there are always potential dangers threatens them. Philosophy, as the oldest systematic way of thinking, seeks to discover what lies behind smartphones. Technology philosophy, which emerged in the modern age, is a branch of philosophy that seeks to examine the nature of technology; ontology, epistemology, and axiology. Based on the thinking of modern philosophers, philosophically, smartphones are not just a means of communication. It changes the way humans understand the world. A world without smartphones is a material world in which people live as living organisms. But, through smartphones, the world changes into digital where everything become possible. It offers various facilities in interacting and exploring the virtual world, offering adventures that cannot be done in the real world. The ease and enjoyment provided by smartphones eventually creates attachment that tends to turn into dependency, problems that must be realized immediately by people so they not to be too complacent in using smartphones in the new normal life.