bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchronous changes in length at maturity across four species of Lake Erie fish with different harvest histories
Authors: Gíslason Davíð , McLaughlin Robert B. , Robinson Beren W. 
Published: January 2021

Decreases in size at maturation in harvested fish populations can reduce productivity and resilience. Delineating the causes for these changes in maturation is challenging. We assessed harvest and large-scale ecosystem variability as causes for changes in maturation in four Lake Erie fishes. Regulated harvests of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and walleye (Sander vitreus) are greater than unregulated harvests of white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (Morone chrysops). Our assessment considered cohort data from 1991 to 2012 for each species. We used a conceptual model of harvest-induced plasticity to show that changes in female length at 50% maturity (L 50) were unrelated to harvest intensity in all species. We then demonstrated that changes in female L 50 among cohorts were synchronous across species. Post hoc analysis of variables capturing year-to-year variation in climatic and lake conditions suggested L 50 was larger when water levels were near the norm for the study period and smaller at low and high levels. We conclude that changes in L 50 were most strongly related to ecosystem changes unrelated to harvest intensity.
Atomic structure and radiative properties of He-like Ni26+ ion in dense plasma
Authors: Dimri Mayank , Dawra Dishu , Singh A.K. , Jha Alok K.S. , Pandey Rakesh Kumar , Mohan Man 
Published: January 2021

The influence of plasma screening on the excitation energies and transition properties of He-like Ni26+ ion under strongly coupled plasma background has been analyzed. To perform the analysis, the multi-configuration Dirac–Fock method has been adopted by incorporating the ion sphere model potential as a modified interaction potential between the electron and the nucleus. For comparison purposes, parallel calculations have been carried out using the modified relativistic configuration interaction method. It is found that the transition energies corresponding to principal quantum number conserving transitions (Δn = 0) are blue shifted, whereas they are redshifted for the transitions where the principal quantum number is not conserved (Δn ≠ 0). The variation of transition probabilities and weighted oscillator strengths with free electron densities has also been studied. The present results should be advantageous in the modeling and diagnostics of astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.
PET Imaging of TIGIT Expression on Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes
Authors: Shaffer Travis , Natarajan Arutselvan , Gambhir Sanjiv S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Therapeutic checkpoint inhibitors on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are being increasingly utilized in the clinic. The T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor expressed on T and natural killer cells. The TIGIT signaling pathway is an alternative target for checkpoint blockade to current PD-1/CTLA-4 strategies. Elevated TIGIT expression in the tumor microenvironment correlates with better therapeutic responses to anti-TIGIT therapies in preclinical models. Therefore, quantifying TIGIT expression in tumors is necessary for determining whether a patient may respond to anti-TIGIT therapy. PET imaging of TIGIT expression on TILs can therefore aid diagnosis and in monitoring therapeutic responses.

Experimental Design:
Antibody-based TIGIT imaging radiotracers were developed with the PET radionuclides copper-64 (64Cu) and zirconium-89 (89Zr). In vitro characterization of the imaging probes was followed by in vivo evaluation in both xenografts and syngeneic tumor models in mouse.

Results:
Two anti-TIGIT probes were developed and exhibited immunoreactivity of &gt;72%, serum stability of &gt;95%, and specificity for TIGIT with both mouse TIGIT-expressing HeLa cells and ex vivo–activated primary splenocytes. In vivo, the 89Zr-labeled probe demonstrated superior contrast than the 64Cu probe due to 89Zr's longer half-life matching the TIGIT antibody's pharmacokinetics. The 89Zr probe was used to quantify TIGIT expression on TILs in B16 melanoma in immunocompetent mice and confirmed by ex vivo flow cytometry.

Conclusions:
This study develops and validates novel TIGIT-specific 64Cu and 89Zr PET probes for quantifying TIGIT expression on TILs for diagnosis of patient selection for anti-TIGIT therapies.
Implementation of a bluetooth attack on controller area network (CAN)
Authors: Asmae Zniti , Ouazzani Nabih El 
Published: January 2021

<span>In this paper a general overview of the vulnerability of the CAN bus is presented and a practical short-range attack is proposed. There are more and more potential attacks on the CAN bus, which may cause leakage of information and thereby there may be danger for safe driving. The attack combines several techniques, such as how to update a node firmware using a Bluetooth module and inject a priority fake frame, in order to block the legitimate messages. </span>
3D face creation via 2D images within blender virtual environment
Authors: Salim Rasheed Ali , Hasan Finjan Rasool , Abdulsahib Hashim Ahmed , Murtdha Al-Saeedi Mustafa 
Published: January 2021

<p><span>Animation and virtual reality movie-making technologies are still witnessing significant progress to this day. Building and stimulating virtual characters inside these applications is a goal. Build a 3D face via using some special tools inside the virtual world is the most important part of identifying a 3D animation. Keen Tools Face Builder add-on for Blender. Interested in creating a 3D face of a famous figure, artist or the general public by adopting several 2D images added to the virtual blinder software environment. The main problem facing these tools is that they deal with high-resolution and sharpness pictures because some images that contain blurring, the result is to build a 3D face model that contains design distortions and non- clearly. in this proposed paper, build a data set for 2D pictures of a specific character (actor), at a resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels. These images were caught by the camera, different in sharpness and blurring (four types of blurry). Using the “Laplacian Filter algorithm” and OpenCV library with Python language, to isolate blurry from sharpness 2D images. Sharpness images used to build a 3D face model that gave real and similar results to the character in the pictures. </span></p>
A note on complex fuzzy subfield
Authors: Gulzar Muhammad , Dilawar Fareeha , Alghazzawi Dilshad , Mateen M. Haris 
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we introduce idea of complex fuzzy subfield and discuss its various algebraic aspects. We prove that every complex fuzzy subfield generate two fuzzy fields and shows that intersection of two complex fuzzy subfields is also complex fuzzy subfields. We also present the concept of level subsets of complex fuzzy subfield and shows that level subset of complex fuzzy subfield form subfield. Furthermore, we extend this idea to define the notion of the direct product of two complex fuzzy subfields and also investigate the homomorphic image and inverse image of complex fuzzy subfield.
Prognostic Value of Nonischemic Ringlike Left Ventricular Scar in Patients With Apparently Idiopathic Nonsustained Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Muser Daniele , Nucifora Gaetano , Muser Daniele , Nucifora Gaetano , Pieroni Maurizio , Castro Simon A. , Casado Arroyo Ruben , Maeda Shingo , Benhayon Daniel A. , Liuba Ioan , Sadek Mouhannad , Magnani Silvia , Enriquez Andres , Liang Jackson J. , Sassone Biagio , Desjardins Benoit , Dixit Sanjay , Deo Rajat , Garcia Fermin C. , Callans David J. , Frankel David S. , Selvanayagam Joseph B. , Marchlinski Francis E. , Santangeli Pasquale 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Left ventricular (LV) scar on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance has been correlated with life-threatening arrhythmic events in patients with apparently idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). We investigated the prognostic significance of a specific LV-LGE phenotype characterized by a ringlike pattern of fibrosis.

Methods:
A total of 686 patients with apparently idiopathic nonsustained VA underwent contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance. A ringlike pattern of LV scar was defined as LV subepicardial/midmyocardial LGE involving at least 3 contiguous segments in the same short-axis slice. The end point of the study was time to the composite outcome of all-cause death, resuscitated cardiac arrest because of ventricular fibrillation or hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia and appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy.

Results:

A total of 28 patients (4%) had a ringlike pattern of scar (group A), 78 (11%) had a non-ringlike pattern (group B), and 580 (85%) had normal cardiac magnetic resonance with no LGE (group C). Group A patients were younger compared with groups B and C (median age, 40 vs 52 vs 45 years;
P
<0.01), more frequently men (96% vs 82% vs 55%;
P
<0.01), with a higher prevalence of family history of sudden cardiac death or cardiomyopathy (39% vs 14% vs 6%;
P
<0.01) and more frequent history of unexplained syncope (18% vs 9% vs 3%;
P
<0.01). All patients in group A showed VA with a right bundle-branch block morphology versus 69% in group B and 21% in group C (
P
<0.01). Multifocal VAs were observed in 46% of group A patients compared with 26% of group B and 4% of group C (
P
<0.01). After a median follow-up of 61 months (range, 34–84 months), the composite outcome occurred in 14 patients (50.0%) in group A versus 15 (19.0%) in group B and 2 (0.3%) in group C (
P
<0.01). After multivariable adjustment, the presence of LGE with ringlike pattern remained independently associated with increased risk of the composite end point (hazard ratio, 68.98 [95% CI, 14.67–324.39],
P
<0.01).

Conclusions:
In patients with apparently idiopathic nonsustained VA, nonischemic LV scar with a ringlike pattern is associated with malignant arrhythmic events.
Purity and Property at Gezer: The Commons in a Second Temple Town
Authors: Kaye Noah 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Since the late nineteenth century, thirteen rock-cut inscriptions have been detected in the vicinity of Tel Gezer. Their date, function, and relationship to settlement history have all been debated. This article systematically relates the so-called “Boundary of Gezer” stones to the archaeology of the Hellenistic town on the tel. In doing so, it presents the first publication of an epitaph reused as the threshold of a house reportedly built in the 130s BCE. A boundary-making project of this nature was the result of the Hasmonean conquest of a stronghold of great strategic and ideological significance. The Gezer stones can be elucidated by means of comparison to boundary markers from Gerasa in Transjordan, Achaemenid Cilicia, and Greece. Code-switching between Greek and Hebrew/Aramaic, the bilingual boundaries distinguish between two forms of property, not two populations, providing important evidence for collective property rights in Second Temple Judaism.
التجديد في الدراسات اللغويّة العربيّة في القرن التاسع عشر
Authors: السوداني حسين 
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to study the emergence of tajdīd (modernization, renewal) in Arabic linguistics. The research focuses on the time period between the late 18th century and the beginning of the 20th century, a time that corresponds to the popularization of evolution studies in Europe in the sciences generally, and particularly in linguistics.
I examine the features of the linguistics scene in the 19th century, looking for possible characteristics of a tajdīd movement on both the technical-theoretical and the practical-procedural levels. Indeed, the 19th century witnessed a period of openness to Western influence, a multi-faceted intellectual movement that has come to be known as the Nahḍa. During this time, tajdīd manifested itself explicitly in the methodology of Arabic linguistics, sometimes declaring its points of reference openly, while at other times keeping them implicit in a deliberately unspoken reliance on modern theoretical backgrounds.
I find that the linguistic issue represents an important component in 19th century Arab thought on three levels: the first being the level of culture and civilization, the second education and methodology, and the third technical form and research.
Deletion of Arno Reduces Eosinophilic Inflammation and Interleukin-5 Expression in a Murine Model of Rhinitis
Authors: London Nyall R. , Tharakan Anuj , Smith Amy , Thomas Kirk R. , Zhu Weiquan , Odelberg Shannon J. , Ramanathan Murugappan , Lane Andrew P. 
Published: January 2021

Background: ARF nucleotide-binding site opener (ARNO) is a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor for ADP-ribosylation factor proteins. ARF nucleotide-binding site opener also binds MyD88, and small-molecule inhibition of ARNO reduces inflammation in animal models of inflammatory arthritis and acute inflammation. However, whether genetic deletion of Arno in mice reduces pathologic inflammation has not yet been reported. Furthermore, its role in the nasal cavity has yet to be investigated. Objective: To generate Arno knockout mice and to determine whether genetic loss of ARNO reduces eosinophilic inflammation in the ovalbumin (OVA) murine model of rhinitis. Methods: Arno knockout mice were generated and wild type and knockout littermates were subjected to the OVA-induced mouse model of rhinosinutitis. Eosinophilic inflammation was assessed through immunofluorescent quantification of EMBP+ eosinophils in the septal mucosa and cytokine expression was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Arno knockout mice are viable and fertile without any noted deficits. Arno wild type and knockout mice subjected to the OVA-induced model of rhinitis demonstrated an average of 314.5 and 153.8 EMBP+ cells per mm2 septal tissue, respectively ( P < .05). Goblet cells per mm of basal lamina were assessed via Alcian blue and there was no statistically significant difference between Arno wild type and knockout mice. Ovalbumin-induced expression of interleukin-5 (IL-5) was significantly reduced in Arno knockout mice ( P < .05). There was no statistically significant reduction in IL-4, IL-13, or eotaxin-1 expression. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that deletion of Arno reduces eosinophilic inflammation and IL-5 expression in an OVA-induced model of rhinitis.
Association between response to triptans and response to erenumab: real-life data
Authors: Frattale Ilaria , Caponnetto Valeria , Casalena Alfonsina , Assetta Maurizio , Maddestra Maurizio , Marzoli Fabio , Affaitati Giannapia , Giamberardino Maria Adele , Viola Stefano , Gabriele Amleto , Pistoia Francesca , Cerone Davide , Marini Carmine , Sacco Simona , Ornello Raffaele 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Triptans and erenumab are both migraine-specific agents acting on the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway. Therefore, response to triptans might be associated with response to erenumab.

Main body
In our study, consecutive patients referring to the Headache Centers of the Abruzzo region from January 2019 to March 2020 and treated with erenumab were interviewed about past use and efficacy of triptans. Triptan users were classified as ‘triptan responders’ if they were headache-free 2 h after treating ≥3 migraine attacks with ≥1 triptan. We considered patients as ‘erenumab responders’, if they had a ≥ 50% mean reduction in monthly migraine days between the 4th and the 6th month from treatment start compared with baseline. Of 91 triptan users, 73 (80.2%) were triptan responders and 58 (63.7%) were erenumab responders. The odds ratio of being erenumab responder was 3.64 (95% CI, 1.25–10.64) for triptan users as compared to non-users. (P = 0.014). Besides, starting erenumab improved triptan response in both erenumab responders and non-responders.

Conclusions
Our data of an association between response to triptans and response to erenumab can be useful for patient advice and to improve the understanding of migraine pathophysiology and treatment.
Label-free proteomic analysis of serum exosomes from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: Ni Hanwen , Pan Wenqi , Jin Qi , Xie Yucai , Zhang Ning , Chen Kang , Lin Tianyou , Lin Changjian , Xie Yun , Wu Jiemin , Ni Peihua , Wu Liqun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac heterogeneous rhythm disorder. It represents a major cause of mortality and morbidity, mainly related to embolic events and heart failure. Mechanisms of AF are complex and remain incompletely understood. Recent evidence suggests exosomes are membrane-coated objects released by many cell-types. Their presence in body fluids and the variable surface composition and content render them attractive as a mechanism for potential biomarkers. However, the content of serum exosomes of AF patients has not been fully delineated.

Methods
In this work, the serum exosomes from AF patients and healthy donors were used to compare changes in the exosome protein content. Exosomes were isolated from serum of AF patients and healthy donors and their purity was confirmed by Western blotting assays and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Label-free LC–MS/MS quantitative proteomic analysis was applied to analyze protein content of serum exosomes.

Results
A total of 440 exosomal protein groups were identified, differentially expressed proteins were filtrated with fold change ≥ 2.0 (AF/controls protein abundance ratio ≥ 2 or ≤ 0.5) and p value less than 0.05 (p < 0.05), significantly changed in abundance group contains 39 elevated proteins and 18 reduced proteins, while consistent presence/absence expression profile group contains 40 elevated proteins and 75 reduced proteins. Bioinformatic analysis of differential exosomal proteins confirmed the significant enrichment of components involved in the anticoagulation, complement system and protein folding. Parallel-Reaction Monitoring Relative Quantitative Analysis (PRM) further suggested that AF related to complement system and protein folding.

Conclusions
These results revealed the composition and potential function of AF serum exosomes, thus providing a new perspective on the complement system and protein folding to AF.
Global proteome profiling of human livers upon ischemia/reperfusion treatment
Authors: Cai Haijian , Qi Shunli , Yan Qi , Ling Jun , Du Jian , Chen Lijian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury represents a major risk factor for liver transplantation and is related to graft dysfunction and acute/chronic rejection. However, a significant part of these processes remain poorly characterized. To reveal differences in the proteome during liver I/R injury, we collected human liver biopsy samples during hepatectomy before and after the Pringle maneuver and conducted a TMT-based proteomic analysis through quantitative high-throughput mass spectrometry. We used a fold-change threshold of 1.3 and a t-test p-value < 0.05 as the criteria to identify 5,257 total quantifiable proteins. The levels of 142 proteins were increased, while the levels of 103 proteins were decreased in response to hepatic I/R treatment. Bioinformatic analysis further revealed that these differentially expressed proteins are mainly involved in multiple biological functions and enzyme-regulated metabolic pathways. Most proteins whose expression was changed are related to the defense, immune and inflammatory responses as well as lipid and steroid metabolic processes. Based on this finding, we developed a panel for targeted proteomic analysis and used the parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) method, qPCR and western blotting experiments to validate alterations in the expression of some of the identified proteins. The upregulated proteins were found to be involved in immunity and inflammatory responses, and downregulated proteins were enriched in metabolic pathways. This study therefore may provide a research direction for the design of new therapeutic strategies for hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Year-round pesticide contamination of public sites near intensively managed agricultural areas in South Tyrol
Authors: Linhart Caroline , Panzacchi Simona , Belpoggi Fiorella , Clausing Peter , Zaller Johann G. , Hertoge Koen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn a previous study, we found that 45% of public playgrounds near intensively managed agricultural areas were contaminated with mainly endocrine active pesticide residues in spring. Here, we investigated potential contamination over the course of a year.MethodsResidue data were analyzed from 96 grass samples collected in spring, summer, autumn, and winter by the South Tyrolean Medical Service in 19 public playgrounds, four schoolyards, and one marketplace located within intensively managed agricultural landscapes. Samples were analyzed for 281 substances using gas-chromatography and mass-spectrometry.ResultsA total of 32 pesticide residues and one preservative agent were found. Almost all of the sites (96%) were contaminated with at least one residue during the year; in 79% of the sites, more than one residue was found. Among the detected residues, 76% are classified as endocrine active substances, with the highest concentrations of the insecticide chlorpyrifos-methyl (0.71 mg kg−1), the herbicide oxadiazon (0.64 mg kg−1), and the fungicides captan (0.46 mg kg−1) and fluazinam (0.23 mg kg−1). The number of residues, their concentrations, and the proportion of contaminated sites varied across seasons (p < 0.001). Twenty-five residues were found in 83% of the sites in spring (median concentration 0.240 mg kg−1), nine in 79% of the sites in summer (0.092 mg kg−1), three in 50% of the sites in autumn (0.076 mg kg−1), and four in 17% of the sites in winter (0.155 mg kg−1). Playgrounds already examined in 2017 in the previous study, were more often contaminated with multiple pesticide residues in 2018 (p = 0.045).ConclusionThis study confirms previous findings of widespread pesticide contamination of public sites within intensively managed agricultural areas. Moreover, pesticide residues were also found in periods with little or no pesticide application in the field (autumn and winter). It is worrisome that many of the detected residues are endocrine active substances and that some of them (thiacloprid, bupirimate, captan, folpet) are “suspected human carcinogens”, according to EU authorities. Thus, we call for more effective controls of pesticide applications to minimize pesticide drift into public places.