bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Effect of Problem Based Facilitatory Teaching Approach on Motivation to Learn: A Quasi-Experimental Study of Nursing Students in Tanzania
Authors: Millanzi Walter Cleophace , Kibusi Stephen M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Currently, there has been a progressive shortage of not only the number of frontline healthcare providers but also a decline in the quality of nursing care. Reports about unethical and illegal practices, under standard care and malpractices, are not uncommon around the globe. There is a growing concern to rethink the approaches on how nurses are prepared, explore, and test novel approaches for delivering the nursing curricula. This study tested the effect ofthe Problem Based Facilitatory Teaching Approach on motivation to learn among nursing students in Tanzania, higher learning institutions.Methods: A pre-post test controlled quasi-experimental study of purposively selected 401 participants was conducted between February and June 2018. The Auditing Inventory developed by the researcher measured the intervention and Questionnaire titled “Motivation to Learn Strategies in Nursing”, was adopted to measure the motivation to learn, respectively. Statistical Product for Service Solutions software program version 23 was used to perform analysis. A descriptive analysis was performed to analyze sociodemographic. Regression analysis was performed to determine the association between variables. This study was not a clinical randomized controlled trial and thus it has not been identified in the title and no summary of trial design, methods, results, and conclusion.Results: Findings revealed that 65.8% of the study participants were males. The post-test findings revealed that 70.3% of the study participants demonstrated motivation to learn contrary to 34.9% at baseline. Participants in an intervention group were 1.720 (AOR) times more likely to develop motivation to learn than the control group (p<0.05; 95%CI: 1.122, 2.635). In contrast, the intervention was less times likely to enhance Extrinsic motivation to learn (AOR = 0.676, p>0.05, 95%CI: 0.405, 1.129) and Amotivation (AOR = 0.538, p>0.05; 95%CI: 0.283, 1.022) in learning among nursing students respectively.Conclusion: Problem-based facilitatory pedagogy had positive effect on motivation to learn including intrinsic motivation than conventional teaching pedagogy. Thus, the approach has educational potentials to positively change the spectrum of nursing competency and quality of care. Thus, the move to adopt a problem-based facilitatory teaching pedagogy among nursing training institutions in Tanzania is worth considering and needs to be continued.
A systematic review of interventions to increase attendance at health and fitness venues: identifying key behaviour change techniques
Authors: Rand Matthew , Norman Paul , Goyder Elizabeth 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Members’ attendance at health and fitness venues typically declines over the course of their membership, with a likely negative impact on physical activity and health outcomes. This systematic review sought to examine the effectiveness of interventions to increase attendance at health and fitness venues and identify the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) included in effective interventions. Methods: A systematic search of seven databases was conducted. The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy was used to code the interventions. Cohen’s d was used to assess the effectiveness of the interventions. Results: Fourteen papers reporting 20 interventions were included in the review. Most interventions were found to have trivial or small effects on attendance, although one had a medium effect (d = 0.60) and three had a large effect (ds = 1.00, 1.37, 1.45). The interventions used a limited range of BCTs, with “Prompts/Cues” being the most frequently used. Of the interventions with large effect sizes, two used “Problem solving” and “Pros and cons” and one used “Goal setting (behaviour)” and “Review behaviour goals”. Conclusions: Only a small number of studies have tested interventions to increase attendance at health and fitness venues, with predominantly trivial or small effects. With the possible exception of problem solving alongside decisional balance and goal setting alongside reviewing behaviour goals, there is little evidence for the effectiveness of specific BCTs. Further research is required to identify the key components of effective interventions to increase attendance at health and fitness venues.
Correlation Between Serum Parathormone Levels With Urinary Magnesium Excretion In Patients With Non-Dialytic Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Dias Raimunda Sheyla Carneiro , Brito Dyego José Araújo , Lages Joyce Santos , Santos Alcione Miranda , Santos Elisangela Milhomen , Costa Rayanna Cadilhe , Furtado Elane Viana , Santos Elton Jonh Freitas , Carneiro Erika Cristina , Fontenele Andrea Martins , Diniz Maria Célia , Barbosa Carla Déa , Muniz Alessandra Costa , França Ana Karina Teixeira , Salgado-Filho Natalino , Araújo Denizar Vianna , Bernardo-Filho Mario 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Disorders of mineral metabolism occur in most patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this work was to correlate serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels with urinary magnesium excretion in patients with non-dialysis CKD.Methods: Cross-sectional study with patients with CKD undergoing non-dialysis treatment in stages 3A, 3B and 4. Concentrations of creatinine, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined in blood samples. The assessment of urinary magnesium levels was performed by means of total daily excretion and by the excretion fraction (FEMg). Results: The study evaluated 163 patients with a mean age of 60.7 ± 11.7 years and 51.0% were male. In the highest quartile of PTH (> 89.5pg / ml), the mean levels of FEMg and ALP were higher (p <0.05), as well as the levels of serum calcium and eGFR were lower (p <0.05). In the unadjusted regression analysis, the following variables were related to serum PTH levels: FEMg (odds ratio (OR) = 1.12; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.02–1.23), Calcium (OR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.22-0.90), ALP (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.03) and eTFG (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 1.00-1.03). After an adjusted analysis, only one FEMg and ALP will remain correlated with PTH. Conclusion: In patients with non-dialysis CKD, with higher levels of PTH, higher mean columns of ALP and FEMg, and lower levels of serum calcium and eGFR. FEMg and ALP were some variables that remained associated with PTH.
Effect of the Electrode Array-Retina Gap Distance on Visual Function in Patients with the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis
Authors: Naidu Abhishek , Ghani Nimra , Yazdanie Mohammad Saad , Chaudhary Khurram 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Post-implantation visual outcomes in patients with the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis is dependent on a multitude of factors including the positioning of the electrode array on the retina. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the average electrode array-retina gap distance correlates with objective visual function outcomes and sensitivity detection thresholds in patients implanted with the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis. Methods: 5 patients with implantation of the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis were enrolled in this single-institution retrospective study. Patient demographics were collected from medical records. Visual function data (Square Localization [SL] and Direction of Motion [DOM]) and Optical Coherence Tomography (Cirrus HD-OCT) images were extracted retrospectively from the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis Post-Approval study. Visual function tests were performed with the device OFF and ON at each study visit. Electrode array-retina gap distances were measured at each of the array’s 60 electrodes using the Cirrus HD-OCT software in both the nasotemporal and superoinferior planes. Data was obtained at baseline, and post-operative month 1, month 3, month 6, and year 1. Sensitivity detection thresholds were obtained at the initial programming visit and each reprogramming session. Results: 1 of 53 patients had a significant average improvementperformed significantly better in the SL visual function test and 0 of 5 had a significant average improvement in the DOM visual when the testing with the device was ON compared to OFF (p < 0.05). Electrode array-retina gap distance did not show a significant correlation with changes in SL . Patients that worsened in visual function (r = 0.20; p = > 0.05) or DOM visual function (r = -0.18; p = > 0.05). In addition,testing with the device ON in both SL and DOM testing had a statistically significant decrease in performance. The electrode array-retina gap distance did not show a significant correlation with was found to effect performance in SL testing in a patient-dependent manner. No effect was found between the electrode-array gap distance and DOM testing or sensitivity detection threshold (r = -0.01; p = 0.98).. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the average electrode array-retina gap distance does not correlate with changes in objectivemay affect visual acuity function or sensitivity detection thresholdsoutcomes in SL testing in a cohort ofcertain patients implanted with the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis. Therefore, and the direction and magnitude of this effect is likely patient-dependent. Furthermore, complete apposition between the electrode array and retina may not always be necessary to achieve optimal visual outcomes.
Investigation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency prevalence in a Plasmodium vivax-endemic area in the Republic of Korea (ROK)
Authors: Lee Wonsig , Lee Sang-Eun , Lee Min Jun , Noh Kyung Tae 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most prevalent inborn disorder. This X-chromosome-linked recessive disease affects more than 400 million people globally, and is associated with haemolytic anaemia after medication with the anti-latent malaria drug, primaquine. To prevent malaria, the Republic of Korea (ROK) Army administers malaria chemoprophylaxis. Due to the previously low G6PD deficiency prevalence in the ROK, prior to primaquine administration, testing for G6PD deficiency was not mandatory. In this study, to evaluate the risk from malaria chemoprophylaxis in the ROK, G6PD deficiency prevalence was investigated.

Methods
Blood specimens from 1,632 soldiers entering training camp for the 3 rd Infantry of the ROK Army were collected. CareStart™ Biosensor for G6PD and haemoglobin (Hb) was used to detect G6PD levels. G6PD variants using the DiaPlexC G6PD Genotyping kit (Asian type) and full-length sequencing were examined.
Results
Of 1,632 blood specimens tested, none was observed to be G6PD deficient. The median value of all tested samples was 7.582 U/g Hb. An investigation of 170 G6PD DNA variants was analysed and categorized as partially low normal [n = 131, 30–80% (2.27–6.05 U/g Hb)of the median value], high [n=3, >150% (>11.373 U/g Hb) of the median value], or normal [n = 36, 80–150% (6.05–11.373 U/g Hb) of the median value], and none was amplified by the DiaPlexC kit. Five silent mutations (C→T) in 38 partially abnormal specimens were found at the 1,311th nucleotide position by sequence analysis. Another 8 silent mutations (T93C) were also detected in 131 partially low normal specimens. Thus, it is inferred that these silent mutations could be related to G6PD activity.
Conclusions
This G6PD deficiency prevalence study, conducted among participants from the 3 rd Infantry of the ROK Army, provided crucial evidence for the safety of malaria chemoprophylaxis. This study showed found that the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among 1,632 young soldiers was wholly absent. Although G6PD phenotypic mutations were not detected, many silent mutations (C1311T and T93C) were observed. Thus, it is inferred that malaria chemoprophylaxis is relatively safe against G6PD deficiency-mediated haemolytic anaemia. However, given the number of individuals whose G6PD were at the low end of the normal range and the frequent detection of G6PD deficiency-related mutations, consistent monitoring of G6PD deficiency is needed.
Keywords : Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, Prevalence, Single nucleotide polymorphism, Primaquine
Anopheles gambiae attraction to floral and human-skin-based odours and their combination is modulated by previous bloodmeal experience
Authors: KEMIBALA ELISON ELIEZA , Mafra-Neto Agenor , Saroli Jesse , Silva Rodrigo , Philbert Anitha , Ng’habi Kija , Foster Woodbridge A , Dekker Teun , Mboera Leonard E.G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Mosquitoes use odours to find energy resources, blood hosts and oviposition sites. These odour sources are normally spatio-temporally segregated in a mosquito’s life history. This study was carried out to determine the attractiveness of Anopheles gambiae to flower- and human-mimicking synthetic volatiles.Methods: This study was carried out in Muheza District in northeast of Tanzania. Anopheles gambiae s.s. Kisumu strain was used in all experiments. The chemicals/odour blends used were Vectrax, skin lure and the combination thereof. The attractiveness of Vectrax and Skin Lure were compared to each other in an insectary and semi-field settings. Semi-field experiments were then conducted using mosquito-spheres. In the two settings, parous or non-parous female mosquitoes, were simultaneously offered four treatments: Skin Lure, Vectrax, a combination of the two, and a control (no attractant). Results: In the insectary nulliparous and parous mosquitoes preferred skin odours and combinations thereof over floral odours. However, in semi-field settings significantly more nulliparous mosquitoes more caught with floral odours, whereas no differences were observed for parous females. Combining floral and human volatiles did not augment attractiveness.Conclusions: Nulliparous and parous An. gambiae s.s. are attracted to combinations of odours derived from floral and human volatiles. However, combinations of floral and skin odours did not augment attraction in semi-field settings, in spite of the fact that these blends activate distinct sets of sensory neurons. Instead, mosquito preference appeared to be modulated by blood meal experience from floral to a more generic attraction to odour blends. Results are discussed both from an odour coding, as well as from an application perspective.
Pre-clinical Evaluation of a Variable Length and Conforming Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Weighted Anchor: In Vitro Analysis and Cadaver Feasibility Study
Authors: Morris Christopher Scott , Johnston Gregory P. , DeSarno Michael J. , Badireddy Appala Raju 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose Peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters function best when residing within the retrovesical space of the peritoneal cavity, but they frequently migrate and fail. A novel variable length and conforming PD catheter weighted anchor to prevent migration has been evaluated.Methods Test devices were placed in normal saline for 21 months. The effluent was periodically measured for heavy metals, including tungsten. The water-tight property of the device was also tested separately. Four cadavers were subjected to three-dimensional imaging and maneuvering to evaluate percutaneous insertion, function, stability within the retrovesical space, and percutaneous retrievability in 10 test devices.Results Liquid leakage was low, with a mean absorbance of the test device effluent saline of 0.015. Mean methylene blue absorbance of the test device was significantly lower than the positive control (p-value = 0.01). Leakage of tungsten from devices made with medical grade Silastic tubing was also low, with a mean of 0.362 mg/L in the effluent saline, compared to a background concentration of 0.166 mg/L. Each test device was successfully inserted into the retrovesical space and retrieved percutaneously and remained completely intact following placement and insertion. No test device migrated as shown on axial cone beam CT imaging. Mean flow times and volumes were satisfactory at 3 minutes and 0.92L, respectively, for all test devices. For all catheters, the mean flow rate was 312 cc/min. No significant difference was found between the pre-roll and post-roll mean flow rates of the test devices (p-value = 0.35).Conclusion This PD catheter weighted anchor showed stability, with minimal leakage of tungsten. All test devices were successfully inserted and retrieved percutaneously, with no damage or migration, and mean flow rates were satisfactory. Further investigation is warranted.
C3-Glomerulonephritis in New Zealand – A Case Series
Authors: Sutherland Luke J , Talreja Hari 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: C3-glomerulonephritis can lead to progressive renal impairment from complement-mediated glomerular injury. Incidence and outcomes of C3-glomerulonephritis are not known in the New Zealand population.Methods: We reviewed all cases of C3-glomerulonephritis from the past 10 years at a tertiary referral centre in New Zealand. Descriptive information on baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes was collected. Results: 26 patients were included (16 men; mean±SD age 44±25 years) with a median follow-up of 30 months. Disease incidence was 1.3 cases per million individuals, of which 42% were Pacific Islanders. Most patients presented with renal impairment, with a median (IQR) creatinine at diagnosis of 210 (146-300) µmol/L, and 11 (42%) patients presented with nephrotic syndrome. Seven (27%) patients progressed to end stage renal disease and 2 (8%) had died. End stage renal disease occurred in 20% of patients treated with immunosuppression and in 50% of those not treated. Complete remission was seen in 25% of patients treated with some form of immunosuppression and in 17% of those not treated. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with previous descriptions of C3-glomerulonephritis. There was a suggestion of better clinical outcomes in patients treated with immunosuppression. There was a higher disease incidence in Pacific Islanders, which may indicate an underlying susceptibility to complement dysfunction in this population.
The carbapenem resistance gene blaOXA-23 is disseminated by a conjugative plasmid containing the novel transposon Tn6681 in Acinetobacter johnsonii M19
Authors: Zong Gongli , Zhong Chuanqing , Fu Jiafang , Zhang Yu , Zhang Peipei , Zhang Wenchi , Xu Yan , Cao Guangxiao , Zhang Rongzhen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter species have caused great difficulties in clinical therapy in the worldwide. Here we describe an Acinetobacter johnsonii M19 with a novel blaOXA-23 containing transposon Tn6681 on the conjugative plasmid pFM-M19 and the ability to transfer carbapenem resistance.Methods: A. johnsonii M19 was isolated under selection with 8 mg/L meropenem from hospital sewage, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the representative carbapenems imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem were determined. The genome of A. johnsonii M19 was sequenced by PacBio RS II and Illumina HiSeq 4000 platforms. A homologous model of OXA-23 was generated, and molecular docking models with imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem were constructed by Discovery Studio 2.0. Type IV secretion system and conjugation elements were identified by the Pathosystems Resource Integration Center (PATRIC) server and the oriTfinder. Mating experiments were performed to evaluate transfer of OXA-23 to Escherichia coli 25DN.Results: MICs of A. johnsonii M19 for imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem were 128 mg/L, 48 mg/L and 24 mg/L, respectively. Genome sequencing identified plasmid pFM-M19, which harbours the carbapenem resistance gene blaOXA-23 within the novel transposon Tn6681. Molecular docking analysis indicated that the elongated hydrophobic tunnel of OXA-23 provides a hydrophobic environment and that Lys-216, Thr-217, Met-221 and Arg-259 were the conserved amino acids bound to imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem. Furthermore, pFM-M19 could transfer blaOXA-23 to E. coli 25DN by conjugation, resulting in carbapenem-resistant transconjugants. Conclusions: Our investigation showed that A. johnsonii M19 is a source and disseminator of blaOXA-23 and carbapenem resistance. The ability to transfer blaOXA-23 to other species by the conjugative plasmid pFM-M19 raises the risk of spread of carbapenem resistance.
Multi-model seascape genomics identifies distinct environmental drivers of selection among sympatric marine species
Authors: Nielsen Erica , Henriques Romina , Beger Maria , Toonen Robert , Heyden Sophie von der 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: As global change and anthropogenic pressures continue to increase, conservation and management increasingly needs to consider species’ potential to adapt to novel environmental conditions. Therefore, it is imperative to characterise the main selective forces acting on ecosystems, and how these may influence the evolutionary potential of populations and species. Using a multi-model seascape genomics approach, we compare putative environmental drivers of selection in three sympatric southern African marine invertebrates with contrasting ecology and life histories: Cape urchin (Parechinus angulosus), Common shore crab (Cyclograpsus punctatus), and Granular limpet (Scutellastra granularis). Results: Using pooled (Pool-seq), restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq), and seven outlier detection methods, we characterise genomic variation between populations along a strong biogeographical gradient. Of the three species, only S. granularis showed significant isolation-by-distance, and isolation-by-environment driven by sea surface temperatures (SST). In contrast, sea surface salinity (SSS) and range in air temperature correlated more strongly with genomic variation in C. punctatus and P. angulosus. Differences were also found in genomic structuring between the three species, with outlier loci contributing to two clusters in the East and West Coasts for S. granularis and P. angulosus, but not for C. punctatus. Conclusion: The findings illustrate distinct evolutionary potential across species, suggesting that species-specific habitat requirements and responses to environmental stresses may be better predictors of evolutionary patterns than the strong environmental gradients within the region. We also found large discrepancies between outlier detection methodologies, and thus offer a novel multi-model approach to identifying the principal environmental selection forces acting on species. Overall, this work highlights how adding a comparative approach to seascape genomics (both with multiple models and species) can elucidate the intricate evolutionary responses of ecosystems to global change.