bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flowering synchrony drives reproductive success in a wind‐pollinated tree
Authors: Bogdziewicz Michał , Pesendorfer Mario , Crone Elizabeth E. , Pérez‐Izquierdo Carlos , Bonal Raul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSynchronised and quasi‐periodic production of seeds by plant populations, known as masting, is implicated in many ecological processes, but how it arises remains poorly understood. Flowering and pollination dynamics are hypothesised to provide the mechanistic link for the observed relationship between weather and population‐level seed production. We report the first experimental test of the phenological synchrony hypotheses as a driver of pollen limitation in mast seeding oaks (Quercus ilex). Higher flowering synchrony yielded greater pollination efficiency, which resulted in 2‐fold greater seed set in highly synchronised oaks compared to asynchronous individuals. Pollen addition removed the negative effect of asynchronous flowering on seed set. Because phenological synchrony operates through environmental variation, this result suggests that oak masting is synchronised by exogenous rather than endogenous factors. It also points to a mechanism by which changes in flowering phenology can affect plant reproduction of mast‐seeding plants, with subsequent implications for community dynamics.
Digital Module 18: Automated Scoring https://ncme.elevate.commpartners.com
Authors: Lottridge Sue , Burkhardt Amy , Boyer Michelle 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this digital ITEMS module, Dr. Sue Lottridge, Amy Burkhardt, and Dr. Michelle Boyer provide an overview of automated scoring. Automated scoring is the use of computer algorithms to score unconstrained open‐ended test items by mimicking human scoring. The use of automated scoring is increasing in educational assessment programs because it allows scores to be returned faster at lower cost. In the module, they discuss automated scoring from a number of perspectives. First, they discuss benefits and weaknesses of automated scoring, and what psychometricians should know about automated scoring. Next, they describe the overall process of automated scoring, moving from data collection to engine training to operational scoring. Then, they describe how automated scoring systems work, including the basic functions around score prediction as well as other flagging methods. Finally, they conclude with a discussion of the specific validity demands around automated scoring and how they align with the larger validity demands around test scores. Two data activities are provided. The first is an interactive activity that allows the user to train and evaluate a simple automated scoring engine. The second is a worked example that examines the impact of rater error on test scores. The digital module contains a link to an interactive web application as well as its R‐Shiny code, diagnostic quiz questions, activities, curated resources, and a glossary.
Functional and radiological outcomes after bridging therapy versus direct thrombectomy in stroke patients with unknown onset
Authors: Cappellari M. , Saia V. , Pracucci G. , Sallustio F. , Gandini R. , Nappini S. , Nencini P. , Vallone S. , Zini A. , Bigliardi G. , Granata F. , Grillo F. , Cioni S. , Tassi R. , Bergui M. , Cerrato P. , Saletti A. , De Vito A. , Gasparotti R. , Magoni M. , Taglialatela F. , Ruggiero M. , Longoni M. , Castellan L. , Malfatto L. , Menozzi R. , Castellini P. , Cosottini M. , Mancuso M. , Comai A. , Franchini E. , Lozupone E. , Della Marca G. , Ciceri E. F. M. , Bonetti B. , Zampieri P. , Inzitari D. , Mangiafico S. , Toni D. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeThe aim was to assess functional and radiological outcomes after bridging therapy (intravenous thrombolysis plus mechanical thrombectomy) versus direct mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in unknown onset stroke patients.MethodsA cohort study was conducted on prospectively collected data from unknown onset stroke patients who received endovascular procedures at ≤6 h from symptom recognition or awakening time.ResultsOf the 349 patients with a 10‐point Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS), 248 received bridging and 101 received direct MT. Of the 134 patients with 6–9‐point ASPECTS, 123 received bridging and 111 received direct MT. Each patient treated with bridging was propensity score matched with a patient treated with direct MT for age, sex, study period, pre‐stroke disability, stroke severity, type of stroke onset, symptom recognition to groin time (or awakening to groin time), ASPECTS and procedure time. In the two matched groups with 10‐point ASPECTS (n = 73 vs. n = 73), bridging was associated with higher rates of excellent outcome (46.6% vs. 28.8%; odds ratio 2.302, 95% confidence interval 1.010–5.244) and successful recanalization (83.6% vs. 63%; odds ratio 3.028, 95% confidence interval 1.369–6.693) compared with direct MT; no significant association was found between bridging and direct MT with regard to rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (0% vs. 1.4%). In the two matched groups with 6–9‐point ASPECTS (n = 45 vs. n = 45), no significant associations were found between bridging and direct MT with regard to rates of excellent functional outcome (44.4% vs. 31.1%), successful recanalization (73.3% vs. 76.5%) and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (0% vs. 0%).ConclusionsBridging at ≤ 6 h of symptom recognition or awakening time was associated with better functional and radiological outcomes in unknown onset stroke patients with 10‐point ASPECTS.
Rapid and accurate diagnosis of brain abscess caused by Nocardia asiatica with a combination of Ziehl‐Neelsen staining and metagenomics next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Huang T. , Chen Y. , Zhang J. , He R. , Qu D. , Ye Q. , Chen X. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeEarly and accurate diagnosis is vital in cerebral nocardiosis, a very rare and infectious disease associated with a high mortality rate. Herein, we report a case that a patient with brain abscess was swiftly diagnosed and successfully treated.MethodsWe report a case of a 61‐year‐old woman with a brain abscess caused by Nocardia asiatica, diagnosed by a combination of Ziehl‐Neelsen staining and metagenomics next‐generation sequencing (mNGS).ResultsA 61‐year‐old woman with left breast cancer resection, diabetes mellitus and a 7‐month discontinuous cough and fever was admitted to our hospital. On the third day of hospitalization, she experienced a sudden loss of consciousness and was diagnosed with a brain abscess and a pathological change in cerebral mass on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Due to the failure of culturing any microorganisms from the pup, the dissected sample from the patient with Ziehl‐Neelsen staining tested positive for acid‐fast bacilli and was subjected to mNGS. The pathogen was identified as N. asiatica and the patient was treated accordingly with linezolid and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole until complete recovery was confirmed by the follow‐up cerebral MRI.ConclusionsThis is the first case report of a brain abscess caused by N. asiatica being swiftly diagnosed by a combination of Ziehl‐Neelsen staining and mNGS. This rapid diagnosis allowed us to successfully treat this rare infection.
The prevalence of hypertension in multiple sclerosis based on 37 million electronic health records from the United States
Authors: Briggs F. B. S. , Hill E. , Abboud H. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeHypertension (HTN) is a common comorbidity in multiple sclerosis (MS), and it significantly contributes to adverse outcomes. Unfortunately, the distribution of HTN in persons with MS has not been well characterized, and prior estimates have primarily relied on modest sample sizes. The objective of this study was to robustly describe the distribution of HTN in the MS population in comparison to the non‐MS population with considerations for age, sex, and race. To date, this is the largest investigation of its kind.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of 37 million unique electronic health records available in the IBM Explorys Enterprise Performance Management: Explore database (Explorys) spanning the United States. This resource has previously been validated for use in MS. We evaluated the prevalence of HTN in MS (N = 122 660) and non‐MS (N = 37 075 350) cohorts, stratifying by age, sex, and race.ResultsThe prevalence of HTN was significantly greater among those with MS than among those without MS across age, sex, and race subpopulations, even after adjusting for age and sex. HTN was 25% more common in MS. In both MS and non‐MS cohorts, the prevalence of HTN progressively increased with age and was higher in Black Americans and in males.DiscussionThis study demonstrated that HTN is significantly more common in the MS population compared to the non‐MS population, irrespective of sex and race. Because HTN is the leading global risk factor for disability and death, these results emphasize the need for aggressive screening for, and management of, HTN in the MS population.
Mental Health Outcomes Associated with Risk and Resilience among Military‐Connected Youth
Authors: Sullivan Kathrine S. , Hawkins Stacy Ann , Gilreath Tamika D. , Castro Carl A. 
Published: September 2020

The present study aimed to describe patterns of risk and protective factors affecting U.S. Army families and their association with mental health diagnoses among military‐connected children. Wartime military service is associated with increased adverse outcomes for military‐connected youth, but few studies have explored the impact of concurrent risk and access to protective factors. Using big data methods to link existing datasets, protective factors (e.g., marital and family functioning) were drawn from a voluntary survey completed by 1,630 US Army spouses. Risk factors (e.g., parent mental health, family moves, deployment) were drawn from Department of Defense (DoD) archival data. Rates of mental health diagnoses among youth were derived from DoD healthcare records. Using the three‐step method of latent profile analysis, five profiles emerged with variability across risk and protective factors. The largest group (40% of the sample) had considerable protective factors and limited risk exposure. Statistically significant differences in the prevalence of mental health diagnoses among military‐connected youth were observed across profiles (χ2 = 30.067, df = 4, p < .001), with the highest rates (31.1% and 30.5%) observed in the two profiles with the lowest protective factors. Findings suggest most military families are faring well and highlight the importance of a thorough assessment that evaluates both the stressors military families face and the strengths they possess.
The anti‐STAT1 polyphenol myricetin inhibits M1 microglia activation and counteracts neuronal death
Authors: Boriero Diana , Carcereri de Prati Alessandra , Antonini Lorenzo , Ragno Rino , Sohji Kazuo , Mariotto Sofia , Butturini Elena 
Published: September 2020

Microglia activation toward M1 pro‐inflammatory phenotype represents one of the earliest events of neurological disorders. Therefore, reducing microglia activation should inhibit neuroinflammation, thereby delaying the progression of neurodegeneration. Recently, we pointed out the role of STAT1 signaling in hypoxia‐induced M1 activation and proposed STAT1 as a suitable molecular target for the prevention and treatment of neurodegeneration. Myricetin (MYR) is a natural flavonoid that exhibits a specific anti‐STAT1 activity correlated with its direct interaction with STAT1 protein itself. Herein, we investigated the anti‐inflammatory effect of MYR and its ability to protect neurons from death in an in vitro model of neurotoxicity using the neuroblast‐like SH‐SY5Y cells that were exposed to conditioned media from hypoxia‐activated microglia BV2 cells. We demonstrate that MYR pretreatment is able to switch off hypoxia‐induced M1 microglia polarization through the inhibition of STAT1 signaling. The analysis of the molecular mechanism suggests that the direct interaction of MYR with STAT1 impairs its S‐glutathionylation and phosphorylation. Moreover, treatment of SH‐SY5Y cells with conditioned medium from hypoxia‐activated microglia pretreated with MYR produced a significant reduction in neuronal viability. Our data indicate that MYR may represent a promising candidate for prevention and treatment of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders.
Damage‐based low‐cycle fatigue lifetime prediction of nickel‐based single‐crystal superalloy considering anisotropy and dwell types
Authors: Zhang Bin , Wang Rongqiao , Hu Dianyin , Jiang Kanghe , Hao Xinyi , Mao Jianxing , Jing Fulei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBased on the physical phenomenon that the fatigue cracks initiate along specific slip plane, a slip plane damage‐based low‐cycle fatigue (LCF) lifetime model for the nickel‐based single‐crystal superalloy is established. The predicted results indicate that the lifetime model can reflect the orientation effect. In addition, in order to characterize the dwell‐time dependence of the LCF lifetime, creep damage and compression‐creep damage are introduced to the lifetime model. Finally, the lifetime predictions under LCF loading with tensile dwell time, compressive dwell time and tensile‐compressive dwell time are conducted by employing the lifetime model, respectively. The predicted lifetimes show a good agreement with the experimental data, which verifies the accuracy of the developed lifetime model in this paper.
Towards growth for Spanish heritage programs in the United States: Key markers of success
Authors: Beaudrie Sara M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpanish heritage language (SHL) programs are multiplying in the United States, but our understanding of what constitutes effective practices for administering such programs remains quite limited. The aim of this study is to identify successful SHL programs in postsecondary institutions nationwide and examine key characteristics that appear to be contributing to their success. A two‐part survey study was conducted for which 98 responses were received from 19 different states (80 for the first survey and 18 for the second). By means of a contrastive content analysis, results from 12 program participants (seven in the successful group and five in the unsuccessful group) where analyzed to determine key markers of success. The results pointed to four programmatic markers and four curricular markers. As Spanish or world languages departments undertake the task of building or redesigning their heritage courses, this study may help inform decisions on how to allocate resources and set priorities in order to enhance their chances of success.
How protein quality drives incorporation rates and trophic discrimination of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in a freshwater first‐feeding fish
Authors: Nahon Sarah , Séité Sarah , Lefebvre Sébastien , Kolasinski Joanna , Aguirre Pierre , Geurden Inge 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Using stable isotope ratios to explore the trophic ecology of freshwater animals requires knowledge about effects of food quality on isotopic incorporation dynamics. The aim of this experimental study was to: (1) estimate carbon and nitrogen isotopic incorporation rates and trophic discrimination factors (TDFs) of a freshwater first‐feeding fish (i.e. salmonid fry) fed three diets that differed only in protein quality (animal or plant or a blend of both); (2) investigate effects of fasting and; (3) evaluate the proportion of each source assimilated when fry were fed a 50:50 animal:plant‐based diet.

For each diet, incorporation rates of δ13C and δ15N values were estimated using a time or growth‐dependent isotopic incorporation model. Effects of fasting on isotope ratio values were measured regularly until the death of fry. Bayesian stable‐isotope mixing models were used to estimate the contribution of animal and plant material to fish fed a blend of both food types.

Our results show that incorporation rates were lower for fry fed a plant‐based diet than for those fed an animal‐based diet as growth rate decreased. Time‐ and growth‐dependent models indicated that growth was solely responsible for isotopic incorporation in fry fed an animal‐based diet, whereas catabolism increased in fry fed a plant‐based diet. After lipid extraction, carbon TDFs were similar regardless of the diet, whereas nitrogen TDFs increased for fry fed a plant‐based diet. Long‐term fasting induced an increase of 0.63‰ in δ13C values of fry in 23 days, whereas δ15N values did not vary significantly. Proportions of food sources assimilated by fry fed an animal:plant‐based diet were similar to those consumed when using a mixing model with the estimated TDFs, while proportions were unrealistic when using mean TDFs extrapolated from the literature.

The results of our study indicate that the quality of food must be considered to use an appropriate timescale to detect changes in fry diets in the field. Moreover, we recommend using different carbon and nitrogen TDFs, one for animal‐derived sources and one for plant‐derived sources, to increase the accuracy of mixing models.
Responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to nitrogen addition: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Han Yunfeng , Feng Jiguang , Han Mengguang , Zhu Biao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play important roles in carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling of terrestrial ecosystems. The impact of increasing N deposition on AM fungi will inevitably affect ecosystem processes. However, generalizable patterns of how N deposition affects AM fungi remains poorly understood. Here we conducted a global‐scale meta‐analysis from 94 publications and 101 sites to investigate the responses of AM fungi to N addition, including abundance in both intra‐radical (host roots) and extra‐radical portion (soil), richness and diversity. We also explored the mechanisms of N addition affecting AM fungi by the trait‐based guilds method. Results showed that N addition significantly decreased AM fungal overall abundance (−8.0%). However, the response of abundance in intra‐radical portion was not consistent with that in extra‐radical portion: root colonization decreased (−11.6%) significantly, whereas extra‐radical hyphae length density did not change significantly. Different AM fungal guilds showed different responses to N addition: both the abundance (spore density) and relative abundance of the rhizophilic guild decreased significantly under N addition (−29.8% and −12.0%, respectively), while the abundance and relative abundance of the edaphophilic guild had insignificant response to N addition. Such inconsistent responses of rhizophilic and edaphophilic guilds were mainly moderated by the change of soil pH and the response of root biomass, respectively. Moreover, N addition had an insignificant negative effect on AM fungal richness and diversity, which was strongly related with the relative availability of soil P (i.e. soil available N/P ratio). Collectively, this meta‐analysis highlights that considering trait‐based AM fungal guilds, soil P availability and host plant C allocation can greatly improve our understanding of the nuanced dynamics of AM fungal communities under increasing N deposition.
In Situ Oxygen Isotope Determination in Serpentine Minerals by SIMS: Addressing Matrix Effects and Providing New Insights on Serpentinisation at Hole BA1B (Samail ophiolite, Oman)
Authors: Scicchitano Maria Rosa , Spicuzza Michael J. , Ellison Eric T. , Tuschel David , Templeton Alexis S. , Valley John W. 
Published: September 2020

The ability to constrain the petrogenesis of multiple serpentine generations recorded at the microscale is crucial for estimating the extent and conditions of modern versus fossil serpentinisation in ophiolites. To address matrix bias effects during oxygen isotope analysis by SIMS, we present the first investigation analysing antigorite in the compositional range Mg# = 77.5–99.5 mole %, using a CAMECA IMS‐1280 secondary ion mass spectrometer. Spot‐to‐spot homogeneity is ≤ 0.5‰ (2s) for the new antigorite reference materials. The relative bias between antigorite reference materials with different Mg/Fe ratios is described by a second‐order polynomial, and a maximum difference in bias of ~ 1.8‰ was measured for Mg# ~ 78 to 100. We observed a bias up to ~ 1.0‰ between lizardite and antigorite attributed to their different crystal structures. Orientation effects up to ~ 1‰ were observed in chrysotile. The new analytical protocol allowed the identification of oxygen isotope zoning up to ~ 7‰ in serpentine minerals from two serpentinites recovered from an area of active serpentinisation in the Samail ophiolite. Thus, in situ analysis is capable of resolving isotopic heterogeneity that may directly reflect changes in the physical and chemical conditions of multiple serpentinisation events in the Samail ophiolite.
The SUN1 splicing variants SUN1_888 and SUN1_916 differentially regulate nucleolar structure
Authors: Satomi Erina , Ueda Masako , Katahira Jun , Hieda Miki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe nucleolar structure is highly dynamic and strictly regulated in response to internal cues, such as metabolic rates, and to external cues, such as mechanical forces applied to cells. Although the multilayered nucleolar structure is largely determined by the liquid‐like properties of RNA and proteins, the mechanisms regulating the morphology and number of nucleoli remain elusive. The linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex comprises inner nuclear membrane Sad1/UNC‐84 (SUN) proteins and outer nuclear membrane‐localized nesprins. We previously showed that the depletion of SUN1 proteins affects nucleolar morphologies. This study focuses on the function of SUN1 splicing variants in determining nucleolar morphology. An RNA interference strategy showed that the predominantly expressed variants, SUN1_888 and SUN1_916, were crucial for nucleolar morphology but functionally distinct. In addition, the depletion of either SUN1_888 or SUN1_916 altered the chromatin structure and affected the distribution of histone modifications. Based on these results, we propose a model in which the LINC complex plays a role in modulating nucleolar morphology and numbers via chromatin.
The Munchetty controversy: Empire, race, and the BBC
Authors: Ibrahim Yasmin , Howarth Anita 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn September 2019, Naga Munchetty, a BBC presenter, was charged by the corporation as having breached its guidelines in sharing her personal experience of racism in reaction to Donald Trump's “Go Back” outburst at four female political opponents, an incident understood worldwide as a racist attack. The BBC, acting on complaints from some viewers, upheld that Munchetty had partially breached its journalistic guidelines in speaking about her experience of racism. This article, through a postcolonial critique of the incident, argues that the BBC guidelines and the censure of Munchetty have to be viewed through an organizational “dual consciousness” of the libidinal economy of the BBC as part of the British Empire and being an active broker of race relations in Britain through the national broadcasting space as a public service broadcaster. The BBC, both as an organization and a broadcaster, is inscribed through its historicity and a long trajectory of “fixing” the identity of the racial “Other.” In the Munchetty controversy, her racial subjectivity is made “uncanny” or alien to the racialized subject through the BBC's organizational ethos of “objectivity and impartiality” to reassemble race as fiction within its “regime of representation.”