bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel severity score to predict inpatient mortality in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Altschul David J. , Unda Santiago R. , Benton Joshua , de la Garza Ramos Rafael , Cezayirli Phillip , Mehler Mark , Eskandar Emad N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 is commonly mild and self-limiting, but in a considerable portion of patients the disease is severe and fatal. Determining which patients are at high risk of severe illness or mortality is essential for appropriate clinical decision making. We propose a novel severity score specifically for COVID-19 to help predict disease severity and mortality. 4711 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. We derived a risk model using the first half of the cohort (n = 2355 patients) by logistic regression and bootstrapping methods. The discriminative power of the risk model was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). The severity score was validated in a second half of 2356 patients. Mortality incidence was 26.4% in the derivation cohort and 22.4% in the validation cohort. A COVID-19 severity score ranging from 0 to 10, consisting of age, oxygen saturation, mean arterial pressure, blood urea nitrogen, C-Reactive protein, and the international normalized ratio was developed. A ROC curve analysis was performed in the derivation cohort achieved an AUC of 0.824 (95% CI 0.814–0.851) and an AUC of 0.798 (95% CI 0.789–0.818) in the validation cohort. Furthermore, based on the risk categorization the probability of mortality was 11.8%, 39% and 78% for patient with low (0–3), moderate (4–6) and high (7–10) COVID-19 severity score. This developed and validated novel COVID-19 severity score will aid physicians in predicting mortality during surge periods.
Generation of an immortalised erythroid cell line from haematopoietic stem cells of a haemoglobin E/β-thalassemia patient
Authors: Trakarnsanga Kongtana , Tipgomut Chartsiam , Metheetrairut Chanatip , Wattanapanitch Methichit , Khuhapinant Archrob , Poldee Saiphon , Kurita Ryo , Nakamura Yukio , Srisawat Chatchawan , Frayne Jan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe β-thalassemia syndromes are the most prevalent genetic disorder globally, characterised by reduced or absent β-globin chain synthesis. HbE/β-thalassemia is a subtype of β-thalassemia with extremely high frequency in Asia. Studying molecular defects behind β-thalassemia is severely impeded by paucity of material from patients and lack of suitable cell lines. Approaches to derive erythroid cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) created from patients are confounded by poor levels of erythroid cell expansion, aberrant or incomplete erythroid differentiation and foetal/embryonic rather than adult globin expression. In this study we generate an immortalised erythroid cell line from peripheral blood stem cells of a HbE/β-thalassemia patient. Morphological analysis shows the cells are proerythroblasts with some early basophilic erythroblasts, with no change in morphology over time in culture. The line differentiates along the erythroid pathway to orthochromatic erythroblasts and reticulocytes. Importantly, unlike iPSCs, the line maintains the haemoglobin profile of the patient’s red blood cells. This is the first human cellular model for β-thalassemia providing a sustainable source of disease cells for studying underlying disease mechanisms and for use as drug screening platform, particularly for reagents designed to increase foetal haemoglobin expression as we have additionally demonstrated with hydroxyurea.
Casimir forces exerted by epsilon-near-zero hyperbolic materials
Authors: Nefedov Igor S. , Rubi J. Miguel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Casimir force exerted on a gold dipolar nanoparticle by a finite-thickness slab of the natural hyperbolic material namely, the ortorhombic crystalline modification of boron nitride, is investigated. The main contribution to the force originates from the TM-polarized waves, for frequencies at which the parallel and perpendicular components of the dielectric tensor reach minimal values. These frequencies differ from those corresponding to the Lorentzian resonances for the permittivity components. We show that when the slab is made of an isotropic epsilon-near-zero absorbing material the force on the nanoparticle is larger than that induced by a hyperbolic material, for similar values of the characteristic parameters. This fact makes these materials optimal in the use of Casimir’s forces for nanotechnology applications.
Femtosecond electronic structure response to high intensity XFEL pulses probed by iron X-ray emission spectroscopy
Authors: Alonso-Mori Roberto , Sokaras Dimosthenis , Cammarata Marco , Ding Yuantao , Feng Yiping , Fritz David , Gaffney Kelly J. , Hastings Jerome , Kao Chi-Chang , Lemke Henrik T. , Maxwell Timothy , Robert Aymeric , Schropp Andreas , Seiboth Frank , Sikorski Marcin , Song Sanghoon , Weng Tsu-Chien , Zhang Wenkai , Glenzer Siegfried , Bergmann Uwe , Zhu Diling 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report the time-resolved femtosecond evolution of the K-shell X-ray emission spectra of iron during high intensity illumination of X-rays in a micron-sized focused hard X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) beam. Detailed pulse length dependent measurements revealed that rapid spectral energy shift and broadening started within the first 10 fs of the X-ray illumination at intensity levels between 1017 and 1018 W cm-2. We attribute these spectral changes to the rapid evolution of high-density photoelectron mediated secondary collisional ionization processes upon the absorption of the incident XFEL radiation. These fast electronic processes, occurring at timescales well within the typical XFEL pulse durations (i.e., tens of fs), set the boundary conditions of the pulse intensity and sample parameters where the widely-accepted ‘probe-before-destroy’ measurement strategy can be adopted for electronic-structure related XFEL experiments.
Polydeoxyribonucleotide-delivering therapeutic hydrogel for diabetic wound healing
Authors: Shin Da Yong , Park Ji-Ung , Choi Min-Ha , Kim Sukwha , Kim Hyoun-Ee , Jeong Seol-Ha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPatients with diabetes experience delayed wound healing because of the uncontrolled glucose level in their bloodstream, which leads to impaired function of white blood cells, poor circulation, decreased production and repair of new blood vessels. Treatment using polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), which is a DNA extracted from the sperm cells of salmon, has been introduced to accelerate the healing process of diabetic wounds. To accelerate the wound-healing process, sustained delivery of PDRN is critical. In this study, taking advantage of the non-invasive gelation property of alginate, PDRN was loaded inside the hydrogel (Alg-PDRN). The release behavior of PDRN was altered by controlling the crosslinking density of the Alg hydrogel. The amount of PDRN was the greatest inside the hydrogel with the highest crosslinking density because of the decreased diffusion. However, there was an optimal degree of crosslinking for the effective release of PDRN. In vitro studies using human dermal fibroblasts and diabetes mellitus fibroblasts and an in ovo chorioallantoic membrane assay confirmed that the Alg-PDRN hydrogel effectively induced cell proliferation and expression of angiogenic growth factors and promoted new blood vessel formation. Its effectiveness for accelerated diabetic wound healing was also confirmed in an in-vivo animal experiment using a diabetic mouse model.
Longitudinal assessment of U-shaped and inverted U-shaped developmental changes in the spontaneous movements of infants via markerless video analysis
Authors: Kinoshita Naoki , Furui Akira , Soh Zu , Hayashi Hideaki , Shibanoki Taro , Mori Hiroki , Shimatani Koji , Funabiki Yasuko , Tsuji Toshio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVarious attempts have been made to elucidate the development patterns in the spontaneous movements of infants through longitudinal evaluations. Movement complexity has been found to demonstrate u-shaped changes in the measurements focusing on limb movements. However, researchers have not yet clarified how other characteristics, besides movement complexity, change over time. This paper presents a longitudinal evaluation of spontaneous movements in infants using evaluation indices calculated through markerless video analysis. Nine infants with corrected ages from $$-1$$

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1

to 15 weeks participated in the experiments. We confirmed the change in indices over time using statistical methods. Index changes can be classified as positively correlated, u-shaped, inverted u-shaped, and uncorrelated. We also confirmed that the u-shaped and inverted u-shaped indices are negatively correlated. Furthermore, the principal component analysis revealed that the first principal component had the inverted u-shaped changes with the corrected age. These results suggest that it is important to synchronize the inverted u-shaped variations in the movement and velocity with the u-shaped changes in the movement complexity for infant development.
Correlations between choroidal thickness and renal function in patients with retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Choi Sang Uk , Oh Ja Young , Kim Jee Taek 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation of renal function indices with sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFChT) in treatment-naïve (naïve) eyes with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and systemic workup. Retrospective chart review was performed from Dec 2016 to Sep 2019 in patients newly diagnosed with treatment-naïve unilateral RVO. Ocular parameters, including SFChT, and systemic profiles, including renal function indices, were reviewed. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to check if there was a correlation between renal profiles and SFChT. A total of 56 patients were included in the study; 34 of them were branch RVO and 22 were central RVO patients. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that SFChT was positively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (P < 0.001). SFChT showed significant correlation with renal function indices. In addition, choroidal thickness may be considered as systemic biomarkers for renal function.
Probing the electronic structure of [Ru(L1)2]Z(z= 0, 1+ and 2+) (H2L1: a tridentate 2-aminophenol derivative) complexes in three ligand redox levels
Authors: Saha Anannya , Rajput Amit , Gupta Puneet , Mukherjee Rabindranath 
Published: October 2020

Out of neutral parent 1 (S = 0), [1OX1]1+ ([RuIII{(LISQ)•−}2]1+, S = 1/2) and [1OX2]2+ (S = 0), [RuII{(LISQ)•−}2] ↔ [RuIII{(LAP)2−)}{(LISQ)•−}] and [RuII{(LIBQ)0}2]2+ ↔ [RuIII{(LISQ)•−}- {(LIBQ)0}]2+ are highly delocalized.
Sulforaphane attenuates hexavalent chromium-induced cardiotoxicity via the activation of the Sesn2/AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Daqian , Han Bing , Baiyun Ruiqi , Lv Zhanjun , Wang Xiaoqiao , Li Siyu , Lv Yueying , Xue Jiangdong , Liu Yan , Zhang Zhigang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(vi)), the most toxic valence state of chromium, is widely present in industrial effluents and wastes. Sulforaphane (SFN), rich in Brassica genus plants, bears multiple biological activity. Wistar rats were used to explore the protective role of SFN against the cardiotoxicity of chronic potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) exposure and reveal the potential molecular mechanism. The data showed that SFN alleviated hematological variations, oxidative stress, heart dysfunction and structure disorder, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by K2Cr2O7. Moreover, SFN reduced p53, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl2-associated X protein, nuclear factor kappa-B, and interleukin-1β levels, and increased Sesn2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1, and phosphorylated adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels. This study demonstrates that SFN ameliorates Cr(vi)-induced cardiotoxicity via activation of the Sesn2/AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. SFN may be a protector against Cr(vi)-induced heart injury and a novel therapy for chronic Cr(vi) exposure.
Non-invasive detection of corneal sub-basal nerve plexus changes in multiple myeloma patients by confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Koschmieder Anita , Stachs Oliver , Kragl Brigitte , Stahnke Thomas , Sterenczak Katharina A. , Henze Larissa , Jünemann Anselm G. , Junghanss Christian , Guthoff Rudolf F. , Murua Escobar Hugo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is a non-invasive technique for cellular in vivo imaging of the human cornea. CLSM screening was evaluated for early detection of corneal nerve morphology changes and neuropathogenic events in different stage multiple myeloma (MM) patients. As MM patients show disease as well as therapy-related neuropathological symptoms, CLSM potentially provides a tool for non-invasive early detection of neuropathogenic events. CLSM findings were compared with the severity of peripheral neuropathic (PNP) symptoms.
Methods: The study enrolled 25 MM patients in which bilateral ophthalmologic examination was performed including unilateral CLSM. Further peripheral nerve function was clinically evaluated using the conventional neuropathy symptom and neuropathy deficit scores (NDSs).
Results: In 18/25 MM patients, CLSM detected atypical morphological appearance of bulb-like enlarged nerve endings in the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus. These neuromas were only found in patients showing moderate to severe PNP, in patients with mild or lacking PNP neuromas were absent.
Conclusions: CLSM provides a novel non-invasive diagnostic tool for identification of neuromas in cancer patients affected by therapy or disease-related neuropathologies, perspectival allowing early neuronal degenerative process detection and monitoring.
Genome survey sequencing ofAtractylodes lanceaand identification of its SSR markers
Authors: Shan Tingyu , Wu Junxian , Yu Daqing , Xie Jin , Fang Qingying , Zha Liangping , Peng Huasheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAtractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. is a traditional Chinese medicine rich in sesquiterpenes that has been widely used in China and Japan for the treatment of viral infections. Despite its important pharmacological value, genomic information regarding A. lancea is currently unavailable. In the present study, the whole genome sequence of A. lancea was obtained using an Illumina sequencing platform. The results revealed an estimated genome size for A. lancea of 4,159.24 Mb, with 2.28% heterozygosity, and a repeat rate of 89.2%, all of which indicate a highly heterozygous genome. Based on the genomic data of A. lancea, 27,582 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were identified. The differences in representation among nucleotide repeat types were large, e.g., the mononucleotide repeat type was the most abundant (54.74%) while the pentanucleotide repeats were the least abundant (0.10%), and sequence motifs GA/TC (31.17%) and TTC/GAA (7.23%) were the most abundant among the dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeat motifs, respectively. A total of 93,434 genes matched known genes in common databases including 48,493 genes in the Gene Ontology (GO) database and 34,929 genes in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. This is the first report to sequence and characterize the whole genome of A. lancea and will provide a theoretical basis and reference for further genome-wide deep sequencing and SSR molecular marker development of A. lancea.
Time‐of‐arrival estimation for smartphones based on built‐in microphone sensor
Authors: Liu Zuo‐Ya , Chen Rui‐Zhi , Ye Feng , Guo Guang‐Yi , Li Zheng , Qian Long 
Published: October 2020

The time‐of‐arrival (TOA) estimation method is an important ranging and positioning technology for indoor localisation and navigation. In this Letter, a novel TOA estimation method for smartphones based on a built‐in microphone sensor is proposed, which utilises the propagation delay between optical and acoustic signals to achieve distance estimation. Unlike other TOA estimation technologies based on multi‐sensors, a single MEMS microphone of a smartphone is used as the receiving sensor for both optical and acoustic signals, which is beneficial for eliminating the synchronisation error and improving ranging precision. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed TOA estimation method is effective and accurate with an average ranging error of <0.29 m under a signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 1.18 dB for the smartphones tested in this work.
Probing the elliptical orbital configuration of the close binary of supermassive black holes with differential interferometry
Authors: Kovačević Andjelka B. , Songsheng Yu-Yang , Wang Jian-Min , Popović Luka Č. 
Published: October 2020

Context.Obtaining detections of electromagnetic signatures from the close binaries of supermassive black holes (CB-SMBH) is still a great observational challenge. The Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) and the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) will serve as a robust astrophysics suite offering the opportunity to probe the structure and dynamics of CB-SMBH at a high spectral and angular resolution.Aims.Here, we explore and illustrate the application of differential interferometry on unresolved CB-SMBH systems in elliptical orbital configurations. We also investigate certain peculiarities of interferometry signals for a single SMBH with clouds in elliptical orbital motion.Methods.Photocentre displacements between each SMBH and the regions in their disc-like broad line regions (BLR) appear as small interferometric differential phase variability. To investigate the application of interferometric phases for the detection of CB-SMBH systems, we simulated a series of differential interferometry signatures, based on our model comprising ensembles of clouds surrounding each supermassive black hole in a CB-SMBH. By setting the model to the parameters of a single SMBH with elliptical cloud motion, we also calculated a series of differential interferometry observables for this case.Results.We found various deviations from the canonical S-shape of the CB-SMBH phase profile for elliptically configured CB-SMBH systems. The amplitude and specific shape of the interferometry observables depend on the orbital configurations of the CB-SMBH system. We get distinctive results when considering anti-aligned angular momenta of cloud orbits with regard to the total CB-SMBH angular momentum. We also show that their velocity distributions differ from the aligned cloud orbital motion. Some simulated spectral lines from our model closely resemble observations from the Paαline obtained from near-infrared AGN surveys. We found differences between the “zoo” of differential phases of single SMBH and CB-SMBH systems. The “zoo” of differential phases for a single SMBH take a deformed S shape. We also show how their differential phase shape, amplitude, and slope evolve with various sets of cloud orbital parameters and the observer’s position.Conclusions.We calculate an extensive atlas of the interferometric observables, revealing distinctive signatures for the elliptical configuration CB-SMBH. We also provide an interferometry atlas for the case of a single SMBH with clouds with an elliptical motion, which differs from those of a CB-SMBH. These maps can be useful for extracting exceptional features of the BLR structure from future high-resolution observations of CB-SMBH systems, but also of a single SMBH with clouds in an elliptical orbital setup.
VVVX-Gaia discovery of a low luminosity globular cluster in the Milky Way disk
Authors: Garro E. R. , Minniti D. , Gómez M. , Alonso-García J. , Barbá R. H. , Barbuy B. , Clariá J. J. , Chené A. N. , Dias B. , Hempel M. , Ivanov V. D. , Lucas P. W. , Majaess D. , Mauro F. , Moni Bidin C. , Palma T. , Pullen J. B. , Saito R. K. , Smith L. , Surot F. , Ramírez Alegría S. , Rejkuba M. , Ripepi V. , Fernández Trincado J. 
Published: October 2020

Context. Milky Way globular clusters (GCs) are difficult to identify at low Galactic latitudes because of high differential extinction and heavy star crowding. The new deep near-infrared (IR) images and photometry from the VISTA Variables in the Via Láctea Extended Survey (VVVX) allow us to chart previously unexplored regions.
Aims. Our long term aim is to complete the census of Milky Way GCs. The immediate goals are to estimate the astrophysical parameters for the newly discovered GC candidates, measuring their reddenings, extinctions, distances, total luminosities, proper motions, sizes, metallicities, and ages.
Methods. We used the near-IR VVVX survey database, in combination with the optical photometry and proper motions (PMs) from Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2), and with the Two Micron All Sky Survey photometry to search for and characterise new GCs within the southern Galactic plane (|b| < 5°).
Results. We report the detection of a heretofore unknown Galactic GC at RA = 14:09:00.0; Dec = −65:37:12 (J2000) corresponding to l = 310.828 deg; and b = −3.944 deg in galactic coordinates. We calculate a reddening of E(J − Ks) = (0.3 ± 0.03) mag and an extinction of AKs = (0.15 ± 0.01) mag for this new GC. Its distance modulus and corresponding distance were measured as (m − M) = (15.93 ± 0.03) mag and D = (15.5 ± 1.0) kpc, respectively. We also estimate the metallicity and age by comparison with known GCs and by fitting PARSEC and Dartmouth isochrones, finding [Fe/H] = ( − 0.70 ± 0.2) dex and t = (11.0 ± 1.0) Gyr. The mean GC PMs from Gaia DR2 are μα* = ( − 4.68 ± 0.47) mas yr−1 and μδ = ( − 1.34 ± 0.45) mas yr−1. The total luminosity of our cluster is estimated to be MKs = ( − 7.76 ± 0.5) mag. The core and tidal radii from the radial density profile are rc ∼ 2.1′ (4.6 pc) and rt = 6.5′ (14.6 pc) at the cluster distance.
Conclusions. We have found a new low luminosity, old and metal-rich GC, situated in the far side of the Galactic disk at RG = 11.2 kpc from the Galactic centre and at z = 1.0 kpc below the plane. Interestingly, the location, metallicity, and age of this GC are coincident with the Monoceros ring structure.
The Use of Intraoperative Skeletal Traction for the Repair of Pelvic Fractures: An Experimental Cadaveric Study
Authors: Bourbos Alexandros , Cinti Filippo , Sergiampietri Fabiana , Pisani Guido 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of intraoperative skeletal traction for the surgical repair of pelvic fractures. Opposition and anchorage points for the application of traction were the same in all cadavers.
Materials and Methods Cadavers from 10 adult dogs with a median body weight of 31.9 kg (range: 20–38 kg) were used. The fractures were experimentally created in all dogs to produce an oblique iliac fracture on the left side and a transverse fracture on the right (total of 20 fractures) at the same time. Dogs were positioned on an operating table in lateral recumbency and traction was applied first on the left side and then on the right after changing the position of the animal. Increasing amounts of traction were applied to each fracture and recorded until a distraction length of 2 cm was created between the bone fragments. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test confirmed normality of the data, and a paired t-test was used to compare traction of the two fracture types.
Results The measurement of traction and distraction of the bone fragments was possible in all fractures. A distraction of at least 2 cm was obtained with a mean peak traction force of 15.4 kg for transverse fractures and 18.6 kg for oblique fractures.
Conclusion Intraoperative skeletal traction provides a useful and reliable tool for the reduction in experimental oblique and transverse iliac fractures in dogs. There were strong correlations between body weight and the force required to obtain a distraction length of 2 cm in the fracture line; for oblique fractures, traction was related to the square of body weight, and for transverse fractures, the relationship between weight and required traction was near linear.