bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on crushing characteristics and size effect of single-particle
Authors: Liu Chang , Chen Zuobing , Zhang Weili , Mao Ya , Ye Weidong , Yang Chenggang , Xie Qiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Many crushing equipment will have particle crushing behavior. Mastering the particle crushing behavior helps improve the performance of crushing equipment. In this paper a numerical model of single-particle crushing has been established in order to investigate the the particle crushing characteristics under static load. The evolution process of particle crushing, size effect, law of energy accumulation and dissipation were comprehensively discussed, respectively. The simulation results showed that when a single particle was crushed, a large number of failure units and acoustic emissions (AE) occurred in the middle of the particle, and single-particle crushing is caused by tensile stress. There is size effect of single particle. By analyzing the characteristics of single particle crushing in crushing equipment, this study can give helpful theoretical support for the optimization of crushing process of crushing equipment, so as to obtain better crushing efficiency and energy saving effect.
Chaotic analysis for a buckled curved beam resting on nonlinear elastic foundations
Authors: Zhang Xiaohua , Ma Huaiyuan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The chaotic behaviors of a buckled curved beam around postbuckling configuation are investigated. The Melnikov’s method is introduced to find the necessary conditions for chaotic behaviours of the beam. We get the maximal Lyapunov exponent which is greater than zero and we can see and the system is sensitive to small differences in initial values. Associated the numerical simulations, we can see the chaotic behaviours can occur and the numerical analysis verifies the theoretical analytical predictions.
Dark Matter: Candidates and Searches
Authors: Cao Zheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Dark matter is an unknown field in astrophysics and cosmology. Various experiments to detect dark matter have already been done around the world since the hypothesis of dark matter was first proposed. In this article, several prevalent dark matter candidate theories have been reviewed, which will make contributions to the understanding of these theories, especially for beginners. The detections and methods, such as Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), have also been included.
Research on the influence of air resistance in spacecraft moment of inertia measurement
Authors: Xu Zaifeng , Zhao Ke , Chen Mian , Du Chen , Liu Mo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
MOI values of spacecraft are critical values to influence the control accuracy and attitude in the orbit. Traditionally, MOI values are measured by air floating MOI measurement equipment, but the air resistance may influence the accuracy of MOI measurement. How to evaluate the scale of the influence and to reduce the influence will reduce measurement error. The thesis designs a kind of simulation boards to research the air resistance influence, then using the air influence factors to calculate the influence in quantity, and finally using the method to compensate the air resistance influence. The influence of air resistance can be compensated by calculating the coefficient of air resistance, and compensation will eliminate 96% of the error.
Research and Implementation of Breast Cancer Intelligent Recognition Algorithm Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Chen Taixing , Wang Lidan , Li Yunfei , Duan Shukai 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most dangerous cancers with a particularly high mortality rate for women. In the face of thousands of female pathological pictures, how to use computer related control algorithms to quickly and efficiently intelligently idently female breast cancer images has become an urgent problem in the world. With the development of computer vision and deep convolutional neural networks, this paper applies the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm to solve the classification and recognition computer tasks of histological images for breast cancer, aiming to learn from tens of thousands of histological images features for breast cancer, and to assist doctors in diagnosing patients’ disease was found by computer control algorithm. There are many well-known neural network computer algorithms, such as AlexNet, Inception-Net, ResNet. Image recognition for breast is a binary classification problem, and it is not appropriate to use a ResNet network with a large amount of parameters. Therefore, this paper borrowed Alexnet algorithm and redesigned the algorithm, then used it for breast cancer experiments. We compared with the capsule algorithm used by Anupama authors. Our experiment improves the accuracy rate by 2%, and reduces the amount of neural network parameters, which greatly speeds up the training time.
Production analysis of smallholding arabica coffee farm in the district of Solok, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Yusmarni Y , Putri A , Paloma C , Zakir Z 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Economically and strategically, coffee plays a significant role in economic development. Coffee is one of the agricultural commodities planted and developed in the District of Solok, West Sumatera. Most of the coffee plantations in this district are small scale plantations (smallholdings) owned by farmers’ families. To increase the positive economic impact in improving income, the farmers should optimize the utilization of production inputs. This study aims to examine the correlation between the characteristic of farmers and coffee production to investigate factors affecting coffee production and to analyze the return scale of smallholding Arabica coffee farms in the District of Solok. This research used a survey method, and the data were gathered from 60 coffee farmers in two sub-districts, namely the sub-district of Lembah Gumanti and sub strict of Pantai Cermin. The research finds that the characteristic of farmers that positively and significantly correlates to coffee production are age, land area, experience in farming, and education. Moreover, the statistical test shows that all variables were simultaneously affecting the output. However, partially only variables of the utilization of organic fertilizer, labor, and capital, which significantly affect the output. Furthermore, the study finds that smallholding Arabica coffee farms in the district of Solok are in the condition of Increasing Return to Scale, which means the production increases by a more substantial proportion than the increase in input production utilization.
Survey and detection of Banana bunchy top virus in Java
Authors: Lestari SM , Hidayat SH 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is one of the most important virus causing disease on banana plantation. Infection of BBTV is indicated by unique symptoms involving yellowing and curling of leaf margin, and stunting of plant. Research was conducted to determine the distribution of banana bunchy top disease (BBTD) in West Java (Bogor and Sukabumi), Central Java (Pati and Magelang), and East Java (Malang and Banyuwangi) based on symptom variations and disease severity. Field samples was then confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection method using four specific primers, each amplified different region of BBTV genome, i.e CP1/2 which amplified coat protein gene in DNA S, mRep1/2, BBT1/2, and BBTV-F/-R which amplified replication gene in DNA R in different region. Symptoms and incidence of BBTD was varied across banana plantation in Java. The most common symptoms observed in the field includes chlorotic, green mosaic, narrow, and upright appearance of the leaves, and stunting of the plant. Incidence of BBTV was found more severe in West Java than those in Central Java and East Java. All primers used in the detection method was successfully amplified the target DNA fragment. DNA R primers were more sensitive than DNA S primers and the better amplification result was achieved using BBT1/2 and BBTVR-F/-R primers.
Design of nanoemulsion of Tephrosia vogelii extract as botanical insecticide to control cabbage pest
Authors: Lina E C , Tama D P , Nelly N , Arneti  , Djamaan A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nanoemulsion is a technology that can improve the performance of botanical insecticides. Nanoemulsion can increase the stability of active substances, prevent the decomposition of active ingredients by microorganisms, allows to activate ingredients directly on the target site, which aims to reduce damage. This research was conducted at the Sumatra Biota Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy and Insect Bioecology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang, from June to August 2018. The purpose of this research was to obtain T. vogelii formulations in the form of nanoparticles using spontaneous emulsification as a botanical insecticide that can control cabbage pests of Crocidolomia pavonana larvae. The result of this research showed the particle size nanoemulsion of formula A is 206.7 (nm) formula B is 432.6 (nm). The distribution of formula A nanoemulsion particles are classified as polydispersion, and Formula B is monodispersed. Mortality larvae instar 2 C. Pavonana in both formulas showed good results, namely >50%. This shows that nanoemulsion T. vogelii is very effective for controlling C. pavonana cabbage pests.
The Utility of Liver Biopsy in the Evaluation of Liver Disease and Abnormal Liver Function Tests
Authors: Khalifa Ali , Lewin David N , Sasso Roula , Rockey Don C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to assess the value of liver biopsy in the evaluation of abnormal liver tests.

Methods
We analyzed consecutive liver biopsy specimens performed for evaluation of unexplained abnormal liver tests from 2014 to 2018. Diagnoses were categorized histologically and clinically. We determined whether histologic examination led to a specific diagnosis and whether prebiopsy laboratory variables predicted the underlying etiology.

Results
Among the 383 liver biopsy specimens included, chronic hepatitis was the most common histologic (25%) and clinical (17%) diagnosis. Liver biopsy led to a clinical diagnosis in 87% of patients. The most likely clinical diagnoses were autoimmune hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and drug-induced liver injury (38, 33, and 32 patients, respectively). Using sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values, we found that liver tests were not predictive of a specific diagnosis. In patients with no history of liver disease or clinical features of portal hypertension, biopsy specimens revealed histologic cirrhosis in 5% of patients.

Conclusions
Histopathologic diagnoses were made in 85% of patients undergoing liver biopsy for investigation of unexplained liver tests, leading to a clinical diagnosis in 87% of patients. However, neither liver tests themselves nor their patterns were useful in predicting histologic or clinical diagnoses.
Cardiovascular comorbidities as predictors for severe COVID-19 infection or death
Authors: Phelps Matthew , Christensen Daniel Mølager , Gerds Thomas , Fosbøl Emil , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Schou Morten , Køber Lars , Kragholm Kristian , Andersson Charlotte , Biering-Sørensen Tor , Christensen Helle Collatz , Andersen Mikkel Porsborg , Gislason Gunnar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims Pre-existing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been proposed to identify patients at higher risk of adverse coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, but existing evidence is conflicting. Thus, it is unclear whether pre-existing CVDs are independently important predictors for severe COVID-19.Methods and results In a nationwide Danish cohort of hospital-screened COVID-19 patients aged ≥40, we investigated if pre-existing CVDs predict the 30-day risk of (i) composite outcome of severe COVID-19 and (ii) all-cause mortality. We estimated 30-day risks using a Cox regression model including age, sex, each CVD comorbidity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-asthma, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. To illustrate CVD comorbidities’ importance, we evaluated the predicted risks of death and severe infection, for each sex, along ages 40–85. In total, 4090 COVID-19 hospital-screened patients were observed as of 26 August 2020; 22.1% had ≥1 CVD, 23.7% had severe infection within 30 days and 12.6% died. Predicted risks of both outcomes at age 75 among men with single CVD comorbidities did not differ in clinically meaningful amounts compared with men with no comorbidities risks for the composite outcome of severe infection; women with heart failure (28.2%; 95% CI 21.1–37.0%) or atrial fibrillation (30.0%; 95% CI: 24.2–36.9%) showed modest increases compared with women with no comorbidities (24.0%; 95% CI: 21.4–26.9%).Conclusions The results showing only modest effects of CVDs on increased risks of poor COVID-19 outcomes are important in allowing public health authorities and clinicians to provide more tailored guidance to cardiovascular patients, who have heretofore been grouped together as high risk due to their disease status.
Calcified macroalgae and their bacterial community in relation to larval settlement and metamorphosis of reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis
Authors: Yang Fangfang , Mo Jiahao , Wei Zhangliang , Long Lijuan 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Calcified macroalgae play an important role in the settlement and metamorphosis of invertebrate larvae in coral reef ecosystems. However, little is known about the algal-associated bacterial communities and their effects on larval settlement. In this study, the responses of larvae of the coral Pocillopora damicornis to calcified algae (Porolithon onkodes, Halimeda cylindracea, Halimeda opuntia and Amphiroa fragilissima) were evaluated. The results revealed that Por. onkodes and H. cylindracea significantly enhanced the rates of settlement and metamorphosis, whereas fewer larvae settled on Am. fragilissima and H. opuntia. Amplicon pyrosequencing of the V3–V4 region of 16S rDNA was applied to investigate the relationship between algal bacterial community and larval settlement. Principal coordinates analysis demonstrated that the bacterial community composition of H. opuntia was more similar to that of Am. fragilissima, but clearly distinct from those of H. cylindracea and Por. onkodes. Furthermore, the relative abundances of bacteria were highly diverse among different algae. H. opuntia had higher percentages of Thalassobius, Pelagibius and SM1A02, whereas the abundances of Mycoplasma and Suttonella were significantly higher in H. cylindracea than other algae. Our results showed that larval settlement/metamorphosis was strongly correlated with the bacterial community composition and with the relative abundance of a few operational taxonomic units.
Determination and Distribution of Cannabinoids in Nail and Hair Samples
Authors: Cobo-Golpe María , de-Castro-Ríos Ana , Cruz Angelines , López-Rivadulla Manuel , Lendoiro Elena 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Hair has been used for decades in toxicology as a biological matrix for long-term detection of substances. Nails are another keratinized matrix that is being studied as an alternative when hair cannot be obtained. Although cannabis is the most prevalent illicit drug in the world, cannabinoid distribution in nails compared with hair has been scarcely studied. In this work, we described two methods for the determination of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and main metabolites of THC [11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH), 11-hydroxy-THC (OHTHC) and 8-β-11-dihydroxyTHC (diOHTHC)] in nail and hair samples. After an alkaline hydrolysis, samples were submitted to solid-phase extraction and analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS). The methods were fully validated, with good linearity (r2 &gt; 0.99) in the range of 20 to 100 to 20,000 pg/mg. No endogenous or exogenous interferences were found. Accuracy was from 99.5% to 109.8%, and imprecision was &lt;6.9%. Ion suppression (up to −74.4%) was observed for all the analytes, except for diOHTHC at low concentrations in hair (46.1%). Extraction efficiency ranged from 21.5% to 84.5%. The methods were applied to matched nail and hair specimens from 23 cannabis users to study the incorporation and distribution of the cannabinoids into these matrices. Only CBD, CBN and THC were detected in the samples, with much higher concentrations in fingernails than in toenails and hair. Correlations between analyte concentrations in the different matrices and with reported drug consumption were studied. A preliminary cut-off for THC in toenails was calculated using the cut-off proposed by the Society of Hair Testing in hair for the identification of chronic cannabis use.
Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Indoxacarb in Two Populations of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Lemes Amanda A F , Sipriano-Nascimento Thamiris P , Vieira Natalia F , Cardoso Camila P , Vacari Alessandra M , De Bortoli Sergio A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758), is one of the main pests of brassicas, and various insecticides, such as indoxacarb, are used to control it. However, frequent insecticide applications favor the selection of resistant individuals. Thus, the residual and sublethal effects of indoxacarb in two populations of P. xylostella, one collected in the field (FP) and one from the laboratory (LP), were evaluated and compared. The objective of this research was to investigate the toxicity of indoxacarb at residual and sublethal levels in a field population of P. xylostella from Brazil and a population from the laboratory. Leaf-dip bioassays showed high toxicity, with LC50 values after 48 h of 3.7 and 6.9 mg/liter for the LP and FP, respectively. Sublethal effects were indicated by significant reduction in the survival of larvae, pupae, and offspring. There was an increase in foliar consumption and a decrease in adult survival in the LP, and a decrease in fecundity in the FP. For the LP and FP population, the mean values for R0, rm, and λ for the control treatment were significantly higher than for the treatment groups (CL15 and CL25). Exposure of larvae to sublethal indoxacarb concentrations significantly reduced larval and pupal survival. Larval and pupal survival decreased as the indoxacarb concentration increased. Fecundity was significantly lower for the FP at LC15 (96.2 eggs per female) and LC25 (69.2 eggs per female) concentrations compared with the other treatments.
Young Adult Cancer Survivorship: Recommendations for Patient Follow-up, Exercise Therapy, and Research
Authors: Adams Scott C , Herman Jennifer , Lega Iliana C , Mitchell Laura , Hodgson David , Edelstein Kim , Travis Lois B , Sabiston Catherine M , Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh , Gupta Abha A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Survivors of adolescent and young adult cancers (AYAs) often live 50 to 60 years beyond their diagnosis. This rapidly growing cohort is at increased risk for cancer- and treatment-related ‘late effects’ that persist for decades into survivorship. Recognition of similar issues in pediatric cancer survivors has prompted the development of evidence-based guidelines for late effects screening and care. However, corresponding evidence-based guidelines for AYAs have not been developed. We hosted an AYA survivorship symposium for a large group of multidisciplinary AYA stakeholders (approximately 200 were in attendance) at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) to begin addressing this disparity. The following overview briefly summarizes and discusses the symposium’s stakeholder-identified high-priority targets for late effects screening and care and highlights knowledge gaps to direct future research in the field of AYA survivorship. This overview, although not exhaustive, is intended to stimulate clinicians to consider these high-priority screening and care targets when seeing survivors in clinical settings and, ultimately, to support the development of evidence-based late effects screening and care guidelines for AYAs.
Long-term metabolic evolution of brain metastases with suspected radiation necrosis following stereotactic radiosurgery: longitudinal assessment by F-DOPA PET
Authors: Cicone Francesco , Carideo Luciano , Scaringi Claudia , Romano Andrea , Mamede Marcelo , Papa Annalisa , Tofani Anna , Cascini Giuseppe Lucio , Bozzao Alessandro , Scopinaro Francesco , Minniti Giuseppe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The evolution of radiation necrosis (RN) varies depending on the combination of radionecrotic tissue and active tumor cells. In this study, we characterized the long-term metabolic evolution of RN by sequential PET/CT imaging with 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F]-fluoro-l-phenylalanine (F-DOPA) in patients with brain metastases following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

Methods
Thirty consecutive patients with 34 suspected radionecrotic brain metastases following SRS repeated F-DOPA PET/CT every 6 months or yearly in addition to standard MRI monitoring. Diagnoses of local progression (LP) or RN were confirmed histologically or by clinical follow-up. Semi-quantitative parameters of F-DOPA uptake were extracted at different time points, and their diagnostic performances were compared with those of corresponding contrast-enhanced MRI.

Results
Ninety-nine F-DOPA PET scans were acquired over a median period of 18 (range: 12–66) months. Median follow-up from the baseline F-DOPA PET/CT was 48 (range 21–95) months. Overall, 24 (70.6%) and 10 (29.4%) lesions were classified as RN and LP, respectively. LP occurred after a median of 18 (range: 12–30) months from baseline PET. F-DOPA tumor-to-brain ratio (TBR) and relative standardized uptake value (rSUV) increased significantly over time in LP lesions, while remaining stable in RN lesions. The parameter showing the best diagnostic performance was rSUV (accuracy = 94.1% for the optimal threshold of 1.92). In contrast, variations of the longest tumor dimension measured on contrast-enhancing MRI did not distinguish between RN and LP.

Conclusion
F-DOPA PET has a high diagnostic accuracy for assessing the long-term evolution of brain metastases following SRS.