bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecology eclipses phylogeny as a major driver of nematode parasite community structure in a graminivorous primate
Authors: Schneider‐Crease India , Beehner Jacinta C. , Bergman Thore J. , Gomery Megan A. , Koklic Lia , Lu Amy , Snyder‐Mackler Noah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Understanding how ecology and phylogeny shape parasite communities can inform parasite control and wildlife conservation initiatives while contributing to the study of host species evolution.

We tested the relative strengths of phylogeny and ecology in driving parasite community structure in a host whose ecology diverges significantly from that of its closest phylogenetic relatives.

We characterized the gastrointestinal (GI) parasite community of wild geladas Theropithecus gelada, primates that are closely related to baboons but specialized to graminovory in the Ethiopian Highlands.

Geladas exhibited very constrained GI parasite communities: only two genera (Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus) were identified across 305 samples. This is far below the diversity reported for baboons (Papio spp.) and at the low end of the range of domestic grazers (e.g. Bos taurus, Ovis aries) inhabiting the same region and ecological niche.

Using deep amplicon sequencing, we identified 15 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) within the two genera, seven of which matched to Oesophagostomum sp., seven to Trichostrongylus sp., and one to T. vitrinus.

Population was an important predictor of ASV richness. Geladas in the most ecologically disturbed area of the national park exhibited approximately four times higher ASV richness than geladas at a less disturbed location within the park.

In this system, ecology was a stronger predictor of parasite community structure than was phylogeny, with geladas sharing more elements of their parasite communities with other grazers in the same area than with closely related sister taxa.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Genetic and phenotypic frequency distribution of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 in over 3200 Han Chinese
Authors: He Li , Chen Shaojun , Li Jingao , Xie Xiaoxue , Huang Lihua , Kuang Yun , Xu Kangwei , Huang Wanxia , Zhao Yanling , Yang Guoping , Guo Chengxian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeThis retrospective study analyzed the polymorphisms and phenotypic frequencies of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 in a Han Chinese population.MethodsTests for polymorphisms of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 were performed in over 3000 (3099‐3931) samples using an Illumina HiSeq X Ten sequencer. Following the guidance of the PharmGKB and PharmVar databases, the polymorphisms of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 were transformed into phenotypes, which included ultrarapid metabolizers (UMs), rapid metabolizers (RMs), normal metabolizers (NMs), intermediate metabolizers (IMs) and poor metabolizers (PMs).ResultsA total of 3122 samples were tested for polymorphisms in CYP2C9 and the overall polymorphism frequency was found to be 8.8%; the phenotypic frequency for CYP2C9 was 91.2% NMs, 8.23% IMs and 0.16%, PMs. The overall polymorphism frequency of CYP2C19 was tested in 3099 samples and found to be 60.1%; the phenotypic frequency for CYP2C19 was 39.9% NMs, with 1.06% RMs, 45.62% IMs and 13.42% PMs. The overall polymorphism frequency of CYP2D6 was tested in 3931 samples and found to be 88.04%; the phenotypic frequency of CYP2D6 was 95.43% NMs, 3.35% IMs and 0.52% PMs. Using 2690 samples, the polymorphisms and phenotypic distributions of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 were examined simultaneously. We found that 96.36% of the samples contained mutations while 66.51% corresponded with phenotypic changes.ConclusionsPolymorphisms and phenotypic changes of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 are relatively frequent in the Han Chinese population. Thus, preemptive pharmacogenetic testing of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 should be recommended prior to dosing substrate drugs.
NsiR1, a small RNA with multiple copies, modulates heterocyst differentiation in the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC 7120
Authors: Brenes‐Álvarez Manuel , Minguet Marina , Vioque Agustín , Muro‐Pastor Alicia M. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryUpon nitrogen starvation, filamentous cyanobacteria develop heterocysts, specialized cells devoted to the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. Differentiation of heterocyst at semi‐regular intervals along the filaments requires complex structural and functional changes that are under the control of the master transcriptional regulator HetR. NsiR1 (nitrogen stress‐induced RNA 1) is a HetR‐dependent non‐coding RNA that is expressed specifically in heterocysts from a very early stage of differentiation. In the genome of Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 there are 12 tandem copies of nsiR1 (nsiR1.1 to nsiR1.12), seven of them with identical sequence (nsiR1.3 to nsiR1.9) and the others slightly divergent. nsiR1.1 is transcribed antisense to the 5′ UTR of hetF, a gene required for heterocyst development. Here, we show that binding of NsiR1.1 inhibits translation of the hetF mRNA by inducing structural changes in its 5′ UTR. Altered levels of NsiR1 result in different phenotypic alterations including enlarged cell size and delayed heterocyst development that could be related to a reduced amount of HetF.
Reflexive renovation and the future of household sustainability: The role of media and imagination in household consumption
Authors: Hunter Shae 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent scholarship illustrates the significant role media content plays in shaping home renovation outcomes, suggesting additional focus on the media–renovation dynamic is warranted in the face of increasing household consumption. Examining the reflexive characteristics of media‐engaged practices in renovation reveals the ways in which future household consumption practices are imagined and materially scripted during the design and construction phases of home renovation. Understanding these activities has the potential to contribute to the environmental sustainability of homes. The prolific nature of Australian home renovation activity is evident in the AU$33.3 billion spent annually and the diverse and widespread engagement with renovation media by homeowners. Television programmes, magazine content, websites, and apps reflect socio‐cultural trends towards large floor areas and additional energy‐intensive devices. Based on in‐depth interviews with 22 home renovators across Victoria, Australia, this article examines how media script the spatial and material dimensions of homes during renovation. Drawing on a social practices understanding of social life in households, the article uses the concept of reflexivity in renovation practices to show how renovators engage with media when reimagining their homes during renovations, subsequently shaping future practices and sustainability outcomes. Analysis demonstrates that features such as butler's pantries, back decks, and upgrades in appliances are in part scripted by the imagination–media dynamic. An argument is made for renovation media content to include a sustainability dimension in keeping with the key aspirations of homeowners—socially acceptable, aesthetically pleasing, financially efficient, and thermally comfortable homes.
Nano essential oils against the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Abdel‐Raheem Mohamed , ALghamdi Huda A. , Reyad Naglaa F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is the biggest pest of various palm species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the essential oils of purslane, mustard and castor (bulk and nano) on R. ferrugineus and to evaluate the oviposition deterrent effect to prevent new infestations. Prepared concentrations of essential oils (bulk and nano) were tested for their impact on R. ferrugineus larvae, pupae and adults. The most effective oil was purslane oil (bulk and nano), followed by mustard and the least effective was castor. The percent mortality of larvae was 75.2, 45.3 and 17.9% (bulk phase) and 92.5, 84.4 and 65.5% (nano phase) in purslane, mustard and castor, respectively, when treated with the high concentration. The percent mortality of adults was 67.2, 40.0 and 15.6% (bulk phase) and 83.5, 72.9 and 60.0% (nano phase) in purslane, mustard and castor, respectively, when treated with the high concentration. The number of eggs laid decreased with increasing concentration of the tested oils. Purslane essential oil showed good impact on R. ferrugineus larvae and adults followed by mustard and castor oils as bulk and as nano.
Anatomy of a dinosaur—Clarification of vertebrae in vertebrate anatomy
Authors: Rothschild Bruce M. , Depalma Robert A. , Burnham David A. , Martin Larry 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe flat‐end surfaces of dinosaur vertebral centra led to the presumption that intervertebral discs occupied the space between their vertebrae. A set of fused hadrosaur vertebrae allowed that hypothesis to be tested. The Tyrannosaurus rex responsible for this pathology did not escape unscathed. It left behind a tooth crown that had fractured. Fragments of that tooth were scattered through the intervertebral space, evidencing that there was no solid structure to impede its movement. That eliminates the possibility of an intervertebral disc and instead proves the presence of an articular space, similar to that in modern reptiles, but at variance to what is noted in birds. While avian cervical vertebral centra appear to be separated by diarthrodial joints, the preponderance of their thoracic vertebral centra is not separated by synovial joints.
Expression of follistatin is associated with egg formation in the oviduct of laying hens
Authors: Wasti Sanjeev , Sah Nirvay , Kuehu Donna L. , Kim Yong S. , Jha Rajesh , Mishra Birendra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the expression profiles of follistatin (FST) and its associated molecules (MSTN, INHA, INHBB, INHBA, ACVR2A, and ACVR2B) in the oviduct of laying hens at 3 hr and 20 hr post‐ovulation (p.o., n = 5; 35 weeks old), molting (n = 5; 60 weeks old), and non‐laying (n = 4; 35–60 weeks old) hens and also to localize the FST by using immunohistochemistry assay. Expression of FST was significantly higher (p < .05), and MSTN was lower in the uterus of laying hens around 15–20 hr p.o. (during eggshell formation), however, their expressions in the magnum remain unchanged across different physiological stages of hens. FST was mainly expressed in the luminal and glandular epithelium of the uterine tissues, and their expression intensity was highest in laying hens during the eggshell mineralization. There was a relatively increased expression of INHA in the magnum of laying hens around 3 hr p.o. as compared to non‐laying and molting hens. At the same time (3 hr p.o.), there was a significant (p < .05) decrease in the expression of the INHBB, ACVR2A, and ACV2B. These results indicate that follistatin may regulate the differentiation of uterine luminal and glandular epithelium during eggshell biomineralization.
Serious game in introductory psychology for professional awareness: Optimal learner control and authenticity
Authors: Hummel Hans G. K. , Nadolski Rob J. , Eshuis Jannes , Slootmaker Aad , Storm Jeroen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductory Psychology courses in Higher Education lack application of knowledge in solving work‐based problems. We develop and study mini‐games that support a more active and experiential way of learning to increase professional awareness. This paper describes the instructional design and the factors under study: learner control and authenticity. We compared professional awareness and perceived authenticity for the old (without game, n = 130) and new course (with game, n = 197) by administering pre‐ and post‐questionnaires. Participants were allocated to game variants, differing in freedom of assignment order (less or more learner control) and number of sources available (less or more authentic). We computer logged their game actions, and asked them additional questions about gameplay that concerned aspects like motivation, flow, performance, learnability and usability. Both courses improved professional awareness (knowledge gains of 4% for the old and 12% for the new course), but only in the new course with mini‐games this was significant. Students evaluated gameplay and their content as “more than sufficient” to “good.” A free order of assignments was found to produce more effective (in‐game) performance, and the provision of more sources was found to improve learnability, authentic learning and appreciations of gameplay.
lncRNA Oip5‐as1 attenuates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury by sponging miR‐29a to activate the SIRT1/AMPK/PGC1α pathway
Authors: Niu Xiaowei , Pu Shuangshuang , Ling Chun , Xu Jizhe , Wang Jing , Sun Shaobo , Yao Yali , Zhang Zheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesMyocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes after acute myocardial infarction. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying MI/R injury are unclear. This study investigated the role of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) Oip5‐as1 in regulating mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis during MI/R injury.Materials and methodsSprague‐Dawley rats were subjected to MI/R induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by reperfusion. H9c2 cells were incubated under oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) conditions to mimic in vivo MI/R. RT‐qPCR and Western blot were used to evaluate gene and protein levels. CCK‐8 assay, biochemical assay and flow cytometric analysis were performed to assess the function of Oip5‐as1. The dual‐luciferase gene reporter assay and RIP assay were conducted as needed.ResultsOip5‐as1 expression was downregulated in the hearts of rats with MI/R and in H9c2 cells treated with OGD/R. Oip5‐as1 overexpression alleviated reactive oxygen species‐driven mitochondrial injury and consequently decreased apoptosis in MI/R rats and H9c2 cells exposed to OGD/R. Mechanistically, Oip5‐as1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA of miR‐29a and thus decreased its expression. Inhibition of miR‐29a reduced the oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by OGD/R. Overexpression of miR‐29a reversed the anti‐apoptotic effect of Oip5‐as1 in H9c2 cells treated with OGD/R. Further experiments identified SIRT1 as a downstream target of miR‐29a. Oip5‐as1 upregulated SIRT1 expression and activated the AMPK/PGC1α pathway by targeting miR‐29a, thus reducing the apoptosis triggered by OGD/R. However, these effects were reversed by a selective SIRT1 inhibitor, EX527.ConclusionsOip5‐as1 suppresses miR‐29a leading to activation of the SIRT1/AMPK/PGC1α pathway, which attenuates mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis during MI/R injury. Our findings thus provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of MI/R injury.
Clinically and temporally specific diagnostic thresholds for plasma ACTH in the horse
Authors: Durham Andy E. , Clarke Brenton R. , Potier Julie F. N. , Hammarstrand Robert , Malone George L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is commonly investigated using plasma ACTH concentrations but problems exist with currently available diagnostic thresholds.ObjectivesTo derive temporally specific diagnostic thresholds for equine plasma ACTH concentration to be used alongside clinical judgement in each individual week of the year and appropriate for the degree of clinical suspicion in any given case. Furthermore, to apply these thresholds to compare the prevalence of high and low ACTH in two subgroups of animals with high and low clinical suspicion of PPID.Study designA retrospective population study examining a large laboratory database of equine plasma ACTH concentrations using an indirect approach to calculate diagnostic thresholds.MethodsLogs of plasma ACTH concentrations from 75 892 individual horses were examined using robust L2 estimation of mixtures of two normal distributions in categories of each week and month of the year. Thresholds dividing the two populations of high‐ACTH and low‐ACTH horses were then established at different levels of sensitivity and specificity and compared with clinical subgroups of horses divided based on reported clinical signs, as having high (n = 4036) or low (n = 3022) clinical suspicion of PPID.ResultsFor most of the year there were small interweek differences in diagnostic thresholds. However, from mid‐June to early‐December diagnostic thresholds showed greater interweek variability, reaching a maximum in late September and early October. Grouping of high‐ and low‐ACTH compared favourably with grouping based on clinical signs.Main limitationsGiven the multiple sources of diagnostic samples, pre‐analytical data could not be fully verified.ConclusionsDiagnostic thresholds for equine plasma ACTH vary through the year. It is especially important to consider the temporally specific threshold between June and December. Different clinical thresholds can be used depending on the case circumstances and whether a false‐positive or false‐negative diagnosis is deemed least desirable.
Training in health coaching skills for health professionals who work with people with progressive neurological conditions: A realist evaluation
Authors: Davies Freya , Wood Fiona , Bullock Alison , Wallace Carolyn , Edwards Adrian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSupporting people to self‐manage their long‐term conditions is a UK policy priority. Health coaching is one approach health professionals can use to provide such support. There has been little research done on how to train clinicians in health coaching or how to target training to settings where it may be most effective.ObjectiveTo develop theories to describe how training health professionals in health coaching works, for whom and in what circumstances, with a focus on those working with people with progressive neurological conditions.DesignRealist evaluation using mixed methods (participant observation, pre‐ and post‐training questionnaires, and telephone interviews with participants and trainers). Realist data analysis used to develop and refine theories.InterventionTwo 1‐day face‐to‐face training sessions in health coaching with 11 weeks between first and second days.Setting and participantsTwenty health‐care professionals who work with people with neurological conditions in the UK, two training facilitators.ResultsFour theories were developed using context‐mechanism‐outcome configurations to describe how training triggers critical reflection; builds knowledge, skills and confidence; how participants evaluate the relevance of the training; and their experiences of implementing the training. Some participants reported a major shift in practice, and others implemented the training in more limited ways.DiscussionFully embracing the role of coach is difficult for health professionals working in positions and settings where their clinical expertise appears most highly valued.ConclusionsTraining should address the practicality of using coaching approaches within existing roles, while organizations should consider their role in facilitating implementation.
Introduction: New Dynamics of Chinese Migration to Europe
Authors: Thunø Mette , Li Minghuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis introduction provides a presentation of the articles in this special issue by framing the contributions in the context of new dynamics related to Chinese migration studies and the ongoing discussions of the impact of China’s powerful economic position. The articles offer new empirical insights to develop new understandings of recent migration and mobilities between China and Europe. By focusing on the changing socio‐economic composition of Chinese migrants in Europe towards highly skilled professionals and investors, changes in Chinese entrepreneurship, increasing Chinese political engagement and activism, and new migration from Europe to China by Chinese descendants, these contributions reflect the importance of developing new theories to better grasp the causes and effects of China’s new global economic and political position for Chinese migration. The selected articles identify promising directions for future work on the global discussions of the impact of China as a diaspora state and ensuing policy implications.
RETRACTED: Twist1 accelerates tumour vasculogenic mimicry by inhibiting Claudin15 expression in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Danfang , Sun Baocun , Zhao Xiulan , Sun Huizhi , An Jindan , Lin Xian , Zhu Dongwang , Zhao Xueming , Wang Xudong , Liu Fang , Zhang Yanhui , Liu Jiameng , Gu Qiang , Dong Xueyi , Qiu Zhiqiang , Liu Zhiyong , Qi Hong , Che Na , Li Jing , Cheng Runfen , Zheng Xu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe up‐regulation of EMT regulator Twist1 has been implicated in vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation in human triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Twist1 targets the Claudin15 promoter in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Claudin family members are related with TNBC. However, the relationship between Claudin15 and VM formation is not clear. In this study, we first found that Claudin15 expression was frequently down‐regulated in human TNBC, and Claudin15 down‐regulation was significantly associated with VM and Twist1 nuclear expression. Claudin15 down‐regulation correlated with shorter survival compared with high levels. Claudin15 silence significantly enhanced cell motility, invasiveness and VM formation in the non‐TNBC MCF‐7 cells. Conversely, an up‐regulation of Claudin15 remarkably reduced TNBC MDA‐MB‐231 cell migration, invasion and VM formation. We also showed that down‐regulation of Claudin15 was Twist1‐dependent, and Twist1 repressed Claudin15 promoter activity. Furthermore, GeneChip analyses of mammary glands of Claudin15‐deficient mice indicated that Claudin18 and Jun might be downstream factors of Twist1‐Claudin15. Our results suggest that Twist1 induced VM through Claudin15 suppression in TNBC, and Twist1 inhibition of Claudin15 might involve Claudin18 and Jun expression.
Expression, function and clinical application of stanniocalcin‐1 in cancer
Authors: Zhao Fangyu , Yang Gang , Feng Mengyu , Cao Zhe , Liu Yueze , Qiu Jiangdong , You Lei , Zheng Lianfang , Zhang Taiping , Zhao Yupei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe glycoprotein stanniocalcin‐1 functions as a regulatory endocrine hormone that maintains the balance of calcium and phosphorus in bony fish and as a paracrine/autocrine factor involved in many physiological/pathological processes in humans, including carcinogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of (a) the possible mechanisms through which STC1 affects the malignant properties of cancer, (b) transcriptional and post‐transcriptional regulation pathways of STC1 and (c) the potential clinical relevance of STC1 as a cancer biomarker and even a therapeutic target in the future. Exploring the role of STC1 in cancer development may provide a better understanding of the tumorigenesis process in humans and may facilitate finding an effective therapeutic method against cancer.