bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nitrogen Limitation on Growth, Biochemical Composition and Cell Ultrastructure of the Microalga Picocystis Salinarum
Authors: Delgado Ronald Tarazona , Guarieiro Mayara dos Santos , Antunes Paulo Wagnner , Cassini Sérvio Túlio , Terreros Haydee Montoya , Fernandes Valéria de Oliveira 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In recent years, biodiesel production has attracted worldwide attention due to the awareness of fossil fuel depletion, and microalgae biomass is considered a promising raw material for its formulation. The present study evaluated the effects of different levels of nitrogen limitation (37.5, 18.75, 9.375 mg L-1 NaNO3) on the growth, cell ultrastructure and biochemical composition of Picocystis salinarum as a potential raw material source for biodiesel. During a culture period of 20 days, the growth measurements were estimated, and cell density, dry weight and chlorophylls a, b content decreased with time as nitrogen limitation increase, however, carotenoids content increased. The high N limitation (9.375 mg L-1) had a highly significant effect on the accumulation of total lipid content (33.87% dry weight), carbohydrate content increase (30.98% dry weight), but protein content decrease (1.89% dry weight). The lipid content showed a differential FAME profile with high saturated fatty acid values (996.08 µg g-1 dry weight) mainly C16:0, compare with the unsaturated ones that showed low values under high N limitation. The gradual increase of lipid content was also corroborated by transmission electron microscopy images with lipid droplet cell formation. Therefore, evaluation of the algal culture conditions such as N limitation, as a strategy to maximize lipid content and improve the fatty acid profile in unexplored halophilic P. salinarum showed a potential biomass yield as a suitable candidate for biodiesel production.
Robot-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery of Neurogenic Tumours in the Apical Chest: A Case Series
Authors: Zheng Yu , Zhang Han-Lu , Wang Fu-Qiang , Qiu Guang-Hao , Che Guo-Wei , Wang Yun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Superior posterior mediastinal tumours may arise in the apical chest. However, the removal of such tumours via conventional minimally invasive approaches remains challenging. In this paper, we demonstrate our experience of robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) for patients with neurogenic apical chest tumours (ACT). Methods: We retrospectively included 15 consecutive patients who underwent the resection of posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumour wherein the upper extent of the tumour extended upwards to the sternoclavicular joint plane based on chest imaging findings. The clinical characteristics and perioperative outcomes of these patients were collected and analysed.Results: Between April 2017 and June 2020, a total of 15 consecutive cases with ACT underwent radical surgical resection through RATS by our team. These patients showed encouraging short-term outcomes after surgery and there was no conversion to thoracotomy. The median tumour size was 4.0 (2.1-10.6) cm. Five large tumours (> = 5.0 cm) were completely resected. The median overall time of surgery was 100 (range, 30–240) minutes. In only one case, a patient experienced massive bleeding (> 500 mL) with a left schwannoma (10.6*5.8*4.8 cm). This resulted in intraoperative haemorrhage because of significant adhesion around the lesion. However, this case was successfully managed by robotic manoeuvres. The median hospital stay was 3 (range, 4–7) days. The median duration of the chest tube was 2 (range, 1–3) days. One case suffered from a non-permanent Horner’s syndrome and recovered within seven months. No patients developed brachial plexus-associated complications. No death occurred during the perioperative period. Conclusions: RATS is a safe and effective alternative modality for the treatment of ACT. The technique extends conventional thoracoscopic indications for posterior mediastinal lesions including apical chest lesions.
Therapeutic Effects of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor HM71224 as Monotherapy and in Combination with Methotrexate on Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats
Authors: Bae InHwan , Kim Yu-Yon , Jang SunYoung , Byun Joo-Yun , Song TaeHun , Choi KyungJin , Piao Yongwei , Suh Kwee Hyun , Ahn YoungGil , Kim Young Hoon , Kim Ha Hyung , Kim Dae Kyong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the potential effects of HM71224, a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, as a monotherapy and in combination with methotrexate (MTX) in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and to evaluate the effects of drug-drug interactions in combination therapy.Methods: The therapeutic effect of HM71224 and the combination effects with MTX were evaluated in CIA rats. Arthritis was induced through immunization by type II collagen in Lewis rats. The therapeutic effects were evaluated by arthritis score, paw volume, body weight changes, and histopathological examination. The effective dose levels (ED) were determined from arthritis score. Bone erosion, synovial inflammation, and cartilage degradation were assessed by staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and safranin-O in ankle joints. The drug-drug interaction between HM71224 and MTX was investigated by the comparison of plasma levels and monitoring of liver enzymes, creatinine and blood cell counts in CIA rats. Results: HM71224 dose dependently ameliorated the clinical signs, paw volume and body weight loss on the development of arthritis in CIA rats, and ED50 and ED90 values were 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively. The combination of HM71224 with MTX decreased the arthritis score, bone erosion, synovitis and cartilage degradation compared with HM71224 and MTX alone; however, no drug-drug interactions in the plasma and no abnormalities in the liver enzymes, creatinine or blood cell counts were observed. Conclusion: BTK inhibition by HM71224 prevented the development of arthritis and the combination therapy with MTX produced additive therapeutic effects with no drug-drug interactions in CIA rats. Therefore, we suggest that HM71224 may be useful as a monotherapy and in combination with MTX for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
The SKA3-DUSP2 Axis Promotes Gastric Cancer Tumorigenesis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Activating the MAPK/ERK Pathway
Authors: Zhang Chao , Yin Songcheng , Tan Yuen , Pan Siwei , An Wen , Chen Qingchuan , Xu Huimian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Spindle and kinetochore-related complex subunit 3 (SKA3), a member of the SKA family of proteins, is associated with the progression of multiple cancers. However, the role of SKA3 in gastric cancer has not been studied.Methods: The expression levels of SKA3 and dual-specificity phosphatase 2 (DUSP2) proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry. The effects of SKA3 and DUSP2 on the proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, and EMT of gastric cancer were studied in vitro and in vivo. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis of 164 cases of gastric cancer revealed that high expression of SKA3 was negatively correlated with DUSP2 expression and related to N stage, peritoneal metastasis, and poor prognosis. In vitro studies showed that silencing SKA3 expression inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion and EMT of gastric cancer. In vivo experiments showed that silenced expression of SKA3 inhibited tumor growth and peritoneal metastasis. Mechanistically, we found that SKA3 regulates the tumor suppressor DUSP2 and activates the MAPK/ERK pathway to promote gastric cancer. Conclusions: The SKA3-DUSP2-ERK1/2 axis is involved in the regulation of gastric cancer progression, and SKA3 is a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
P53 +/- Rb1 - ASCL1 low&nbsp;Phenotype&nbsp;Predicts Better Prognosis after Surgical Resection in Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Molecular Characteristic and Clinical-Pathological Investigation of Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Dong Yuting , Zhang Qian , Wang Guoping , Duan Yaqi , Huo Zitian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Based on morphology, necrosis degree, and proliferation status, lung neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are commonly divided into four subtypes: typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). However, cases difficult to classify still exist in diagnosis. Methods: We immunohistochemically investigated the molecular phenotypes in lung NETs and assessed their prognostic value. Results: After morphological re-analysis of 179 NETs, 19 cases were classified as undefined, which included 3 cases showing carcinoid morphology with high proliferation (Ki67>20% or mitotic count>10/2mm2), and 16 cases showing intermediate differentiated morphology with Ki67 among 20% to 60%. Furthermore, molecular phenotypes were determined by expression of p53, Rb1, ASCL1, STK11, and gene mutation status of KRAS. Interestingly, p53wtRb1+ distinguished an unique subcategory from undefined lung NET cases which differ from SCLC or LCNEC in prognosis, indicating WD-NET G3 existed in lung NETs. Additionally, in LCNEC, high ASCL1 expression was only relevant to lymph node metastasis rather than overall survival. However, in p53+/-Rb1- LCNEC phenotype, low ASCL1 predicted better outcomes, along with less risk of lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: This study provided evidence for existence of WD-NET G3 in NETs and revealed promising prognosis of p53+/-Rb1- ASCL1low subcategory in LCNEC, which could be beneficial to the evaluation of patient status in future clinic practice.
Synergistic Inhibitory Effect of Ionizing Radiation Combined With Imatinib on Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Cell and Its Mechanism
Authors: Xiao Wenbiao , Zhou Yongjian , Lin Guosheng , Guo Renjie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRT is considered insensitive to GIST,However, recently, the effective clinical practice of RT in GIST has been reported,The purpose of this study was to clarify the synergistic effect of RT combined with IM on GIST and the potential molecular mechanism.MethodsThe expression of DNA repair genes related to IR in 100 patients with GIST and their matched tissues was studied by IHC.The relationship between them and clinicopathological characteristics and risk of GIST was analyzed.The effects of IR combined with IM on the proliferation, clonogenesis, invasion and migration, cell cycle and apoptosis of GIST-882 cell were examined by cell count, CCK-8, plate cloning, scratch and transwell, and flow cytometry.Combined with KEGG database signal pathway analysis, qPCR and westernblot were used to study the potential molecular mechanism of coordinated inhibition of IM combined with IR on GIST-882 cell.ResultsThe expression of DNA repair protein related to IR injury in GIST was significantly higher than that in matched adjacent tissues, and the high expression of Rad51 was related to the high risk of GIST (P < 0.05).The interaction between IR and IM was strong by factorial design analysis (P < 0.05). The combined index of choutalalay analysis also proved the above conclusion.Compared with the single effect, the combined effect significantly enhanced the ability of clone formation, migration and invasion, and the inhibition of apoptosis of GIST-882 cells.In cell cycle study,IM mainly leads to direct apoptosis, while IR leads to cell cycle arrest in S and G2 / M phases.In the study of molecular mechanism, it was found that IR damage can feedback stimulate the high expression of DNA repair protein in cells, while im may enhance IR sensitivity by inhibiting the expression of radiation damage related DNA repair protein Rad51 in p53 signaling pathway.ConclusionsIM combined with IR can synergistically inhibit the proliferation, apoptosis, clonogenesis, invasion, migration and cell cycle of GIST cells. The mechanism of synergism may be through IM to inhibit p53, a signal pathway of radiation damage repair.
The Value of C-Reactive Protein, C-Reactive Protein Kinetics and C-reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio on Prognosis in Newly Diagnosed Indolent B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Zhou Xiangxiang , Sun Xiang , Han Yang , Hu Xinting , Yun Xiaoya , Zhang Ya , Wang Xin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to determine prognostic significance of C-reactive protein (CRP), CRP kinetics and CRP to albumin ratio (CAR) in indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-iNHL) patients. Methods: The association among these blood makers and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed in 243 B-iNHL patients. OS, DFS and PFS were determined by Kaplan–Meier curves. Cox proportional analysis was performed to examine the prognostic significance of clinicopathological variables. Results: Multivariate analyses identified that elevated pretreatment CRP (HR: 5.110, 95% CI: 1.904-13.717, p=0.001), post-treatment CRP (HR: 5.826, 95% CI: 1.659-20.458, p=0.006), continuously elevated CRP (HR: 6.461, 95% CI: 2.620-15.930, p<0.001) and elevated CAR (HR: 3.768, 95% CI: 1.415-10.034, p=0.008) had association with worse OS. Likewise, elevated pretreatment CRP (HR: 3.767, 95% CI: 1.777-7.984, p=0.001), post-treatment CRP (HR: 2.384, 95% CI: 1.027-5.534, p=0.043), ever-elevated CRP (HR: 2.425, 95% CI: 1.105-5.322, p=0.027), continuously elevated CRP (HR: 4.748, 95% CI: 2.114-10.660, p<0.001) and elevated CAR (HR: 2.824, 95% CI: 1.336-5.971, p=0.007) were in independent significance with worse DFS. Elevated pretreatment CRP (HR: 2.606, 95% CI: 1.338-5.076, p=0.005), ever-elevated CRP (HR: 2.086, 95% CI: 1.040-4.188, p=0.039), continuously elevated CRP (HR: 3.296, 95% CI: 1.594-6.818, p=0.001) and elevated CAR (HR: 1.991, 95% CI: 1.021-3.882, p=0.043) were determined in independent significance with poor PFS. The effect was statistically significant in both follicular lymphoma (FL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/ small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/ SLL) patients.Conclusions: In conclusion, we demonstrate that CRP level, CRP kinetics and CAR could be potential prognostic indicators with independent significance in patients with B-iNHL, also in FL and CLL/ SLL subgroups. CRP and CAR make an implementation for prognostic evaluation more easily and effectively in B-iNHL patients.
Glucosinolates With Their Hydrolysis Products from Two Cruciferous Plants with Study of Antidiabetic Activity Based on Molecular Docking
Authors: Abdelshafeek Khaled , Abdallah Walid E. , elhenawy Ahmed , Alothami Abeer , Alharby Lila , Alomari Abd ulaziz 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The glucosinolates (Gls.) are natural bioactive compounds which lead to the formation of different metabolites called isothiocyanates(ITC) having various therapeutic effects. So, this study aim to isolate the glucosinolates of both Carrichtera annua L.(DC) (CA) and Farsetia aegyptia Turra (FA) belonging to Crucifereae family. The total Gls. were isolated from the aqueous methanolic extract of both plants and further purified on acidic aluminum oxide column. Some of the obtained Gls. was identified as it is using different spectroscopic measurements (UV, NMR and MS) and the rest were hydrolyzed using myrosinase enzyme to the corresponding isothiocyanates (ITC) which were identified by GC/MS. only one glucosinolate was identified in CA as: 4-methylthio-3-butenyl Gls ( MTBG). through chromatographic and spectroscopic measurements in addition to 6-methyl sulfonylhexyl isothiocyanates(ITC), while 6-methyl sulfonyl-6-hydroxy hexyl ITC, 4-pentenyl ITC, 3-Methylthio propyl ITC, 5-hydroxy pentyl ITC and 4-methylsulphinyl butyl ITC from FA. The docking study targeted a α-glucosidase and amylase, to examine a mode of action of the 4-methylthio-3-butenylglucosinolate. Molecular docking was performed to identify potency of Gls. against hyperglycemia. The data obtained revealed that the Gls. has high binding activity Via α-glucosidase and amylase. Furthermore, further Drug studies as likeness and ADME/T were performed, which proposed that their ligands may be have a good pharmacokinetic character, with no carcinogenesis effect.
Scaling Mhealth&nbsp;in Africa: Lessons From The Implementation of The MomConnect Program
Authors: Ezezika obidimma , Varatharajan Chareena , Racine Shanelle 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Mobile health programs have strengthened health systems in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) to achieve health-related goals. MomConnect, a mobile health program in South Africa targeted at improving antenatal and maternal health, has scaled rapidly since its creation in 2014. This study explores the barriers and facilitators to the implementation and scaling of the MomConnect program and the applicable lessons for the scaling of mhealth programs in the region. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study with key project partners and leaders who worked on the MomConnect project. Interviewees were initially identified through a literature review, publications, and evaluations of the project. Interviewees included individuals serving in implementation oversight, champions, partners, funders and frontline implementer roles. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) informed the a priori codes for directed content analysis. In total, 15 key stakeholders were interviewed. Interviewees were asked to identify any barriers or facilitators to the implementation of MomConnect and how they would overcome those barriers and strengthen the facilitators. Results: This qualitative study identified multiple barriers and facilitators to implementation within our domain of CFIR: characteristics of the intervention (complexity, trialability, evidence strength & quality, cost, design quality & packaging, adaptability), inner setting (available resources, compatibility, implementation climate, access to knowledge & information), outer setting (cosmopolitanism, external policy & incentives) and process (planning, external change agents, champions, formally appointed internal implementation leaders). Overarching thematic areas spanning the barriers and facilitators included: (1) strategic partnership and coordination across multiple sectors, (2) innovation costs and funding, (3) operationalization of the innovation to local and national settings and (4) mhealth policy and legislation frameworks.Conclusion: The barriers and facilitators identified under the CFIR domains can be used to build knowledge on how to strengthen mhealth programs in Africa. The continued success of the MomConnect program will require overcoming identified barriers and capitalizing on known facilitators. These findings can serve as a foundation for the effective design and scale of mhealth interventions in the region.
Testing the Contextual Interaction Theory in a UHC Pilot District in South Africa
Authors: Michel Janet , Mohlakoana Nthabiseng , Bärnighausen Till , Tediosi Fabrizio , Evans David , McIntyre Di , Bressers Hans T. A , Tanner Marcel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: World-wide, there is growing universal health coverage (UHC) enthusiasm. The South African government began piloting policies aimed at achieving UHC in 2012. These UHC policies have been and are being rolled out in the ten selected pilot districts. Our study explored policy implementation experiences of 71 actors involved in UHC policy implementation, in one South African pilot district using the Contextual Interaction Theory (CIT) lens.Method: Our study applied a two-actor deductive theory of implementation, Contextual Interaction Theory (CIT) to analyse 71 key informant interviews from one National Health Insurance (NHI) pilot district in South Africa. The theory uses motivation, information, power, resources and the interaction of these to explain implementation experiences and outcomes. The research question centred on the utility of CIT tenets in explaining the observed implementation experiences of actors and outcomes particularly policy- practice gaps.Results: All CIT central tenets (information, motivation, power, resources and interactions) were alluded to by actors in their policy implementation experiences, a lack or presence of these tenets were explained as either a facilitator or barrier to policy implementation. This theory was found as very useful in explaining policy implementation experiences of both policy makers and facilitators. Conclusion: A central tenet that was present in this context but not fully captured by CIT was leadership. Leadership interactions were revealed as critical for policy implementation, hence we propose the inclusion of leadership interactions to the current CIT central tenets, to become motivation, information, power, resources, leadership and interactions of all these.
Blockchain and Federated Learning Based Data Security Sharing Mechanism Over Smart City
Authors: Guo Shaoyong , Xiang Baoyu , Xia Xuwei , Yan Zhenhua , Li Yongliang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Data is the most important factor in building a smart city. City data is composed of many data islands, such as transportation, industry, and residents. In order to build a smart city, breaking data islands, achieving trusted and collaborative sharing of data, while protecting data privacy are essential. As a distributed ledger, the blockchain can solve the problem of data trust. Federated learning achieves data privacy protection by sharing model parameters instead of original data. However, it still has some problems such as malicious nodes and differential attacks. This paper proposes a data sharing mechanism that combines blockchain and federated learning over smart city. Firstly, the blockchain is combined to ensure the credibility of the performance information of the work nodes, then the work node selection algorithm is designed, and a consensus incentive mechanism IPoQ is proposed for efficient federated learning tasks. Finally, differential privacy technology is introduced to resist differential attack. Experimental results show that the methods proposed in this paper achieves an effective federated learning data sharing mechanism.
Echocardiographic Assessment of the Left Ventricular Physical Parameters: A Comparison Study in Patients With Significant and Non-Significant Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ahmadi Zeinab Alsadat , Mokhtari-Dizaji Manijhe , Sadeghpour Anita , Khesali Hamideh , Firouzi Ata 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn this study, physical parameters of the strain of left ventricle (LV), wall stress with a thick-walled ellipsoidal model, and elastic modulus of LV were extracted for distinguishing patients who were stent candidates.Materials and MethodsEighty-eight patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent echocardiography and angiography. Based on angiography results, the patients were divided into two groups (64 patients candidate for PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) and 24 cases in the control group). Long-axis and short-axis echocardiographic views were acquired. Radial, longitudinal, and circumferential stress were estimated by the thick-walled ellipsoidal model. Circumferential strain (CS) and longitudinal strain (Ls) were obtained for 18 segments in the endocardium layer of LV, and then GLS (global longitudinal strain) and GCS (global circumferential strain) were calculated.ResultAnterior and inferoseptal circumferential wall stresses in end-systole (ES) were statistically significant (P<0.05), but radial and longitudinal stress were not significant (P>0.05). Peak systolic GCS and GLS were lower in the PCI group (-18.13±3.03 and -16.57±2.88%) compared to the control group (-21.97±3.97 and 19.14±2.17%), respectively (p<0.05). The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis revealed that GLS and GCS had the highest area under the ROC curve with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 63% for GLS and sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 59% for GCS.ConclusionStress and strain parameters are suggested as non-invasive and quantitative tools for measuring left ventricular function before angiography. Regional elastic modulus was a powerful predictor that can be distinguishing significant CAD patients.