bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and neurointerventional service worldwide: a survey of the European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT), the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery (SNIS), the Sociedad Iberolatinoamericana de Neuroradiologia Diagnostica y Terapeutica (SILAN), the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology (SVIN), and the World Federation of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (WFITN)
Authors: Fiehler Jens , Brouwer Patrick , Díaz Carlos , Hirsch Joshua A , Kulcsar Zsolt , Liebeskind David , Linfante Italo , Lylyk Pedro , Mack William J , Milburn James , Nogueira Raul , Orbach Darren B , Pumar José Manuel Manuel , Tanaka Michihiro , Taylor Allan 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThis survey was focused on the provision of neurointerventional services, the current practices of managing patients under COVID-19 conditions, and the expectations for the future.MethodsInvitations for this survey were sent out as a collaborative effort of the European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT), the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery (SNIS), the Sociedad Iberolatinoamericana de Neuroradiologia Diagnostica y Terapeutica (SILAN), the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology (SVIN), and the World Federation of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (WFITN).ResultsOverall, 475 participants from 61 countries responded (six from Africa (1%), 81 from Asia (17%), 156 from Europe (33%), 53 from Latin America (11%), and 172 from North America (11%)). The majority of participants (96%) reported being able to provide emergency services, though 26% of these reported limited resources. A decrease in emergency procedures was reported by 69% of participants (52% in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, 11% ischemic, and 6% hemorrhagic stroke alone). Only 4% reported an increase in emergency cases. The emerging need for social distancing and the rapid adoption of remote communication was reflected in the interest in establishing case discussion forums (43%), general online forums (37%), and access to angio video streaming for live mentoring and support (33%).ConclusionNeurointerventional emergency services are available in almost all centers, while the number of emergency patients is markedly decreased. Half of the participants have abandoned neurointerventions in non-emergent situations. There are considerable variations in the management of neurointerventions and in the expectations for the future.
Association between bacterial homoplastic variants and radiological pathology in tuberculosis
Authors: Grandjean Louis , Monteserin Joha , Gilman Robert , Pauschardt Julia , Rokadiya Sakib , Bonilla Cesar , Ritacco Viviana , Vidal Julia Rios , Parkhill Julian , Peacock Sharon , Moore David AJ , Balloux Francois 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundUnderstanding how pathogen genetic factors contribute to pathology in TB could enable tailored treatments to the most pathogenic and infectious strains. New strategies are needed to control drug-resistant TB, which requires longer and costlier treatment. We hypothesised that the severity of radiological pathology on the chest radiograph in TB disease was associated with variants arising independently, multiple times (homoplasies) in theMycobacterium tuberculosisgenome.MethodsWe performed whole genome sequencing (Illumina HiSeq2000 platform) onM. tuberculosisisolates from 103 patients with drug-resistant TB in Lima between 2010 and 2013. Variables including age, sex, HIV status, previous TB disease and the percentage of lung involvement on the pretreatment chest radiograph were collected from health posts of the national TB programme. Genomic variants were identified using standard pipelines.ResultsTwo mutations were significantly associated with more widespread radiological pathology in a multivariable regression model controlling for confounding variables (Rv2828c.141, RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.39, p<0.01; rpoC.1040 95% CI 1.77 to 2.16, RR 1.9, p<0.01). The rpoB.450 mutation was associated with less extensive radiological pathology (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.94, p=0.03), suggestive of a bacterial fitness cost for this mutation in vivo. Patients with a previous episode of TB disease and those between 10 and 30 years of age also had significantly increased radiological pathology.ConclusionsThis study is the first to compare theM. tuberculosisgenome to radiological pathology on the chest radiograph. We identified two variants significantly positively associated with more widespread radiological pathology and one with reduced pathology. Prospective studies are warranted to determine whether mutations associated with increased pathology also predict the spread of drug-resistant TB.
Perceived risk of electronic cigarettes compared with combustible cigarettes: direct versus indirect questioning
Authors: Churchill Victoria , Nyman Amy L , Weaver Scott R , Yang Bo , Huang Jidong , Popova Lucy 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionTobacco companies claim that a large proportion of the population perceives potential modified risk tobacco products as equally or more harmful than cigarettes, and argue misperceptions need to be corrected using modified risk claims. However, the studies they cite predominantly use one specific measurement of comparative risk. We analysed a representative sample of US adult smokers and non-smokers to examine whether the proportion who report e-cigarettes as less harmful than regular cigarettes differs depending on how the comparative risk questions were presented.MethodsWe analysed data from the 2017 Tobacco Products and Risk Perceptions Survey. Comparative risk of cigarettes and e-cigarettes was measured in two ways: direct (single question) and indirect (by measuring perceived risk of both in separate questions and then subtracting the scores from each other).ResultsWhen asked to compare harms of e-cigarettes and cigarettes directly (single question), 33.9% of participants identified e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes, 36.4% reported equal harm, 4.3% said e-cigarettes were more harmful and 25.3% said ‘I don’t know’. When asked indirectly (separate questions), 42.1% identified e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes, 23.8% said they were of equal harm, 7.1% perceived e-cigarettes to be more harmful and 27.1% did not know.ConclusionOur study offers evidence to suggest the need to use both direct and indirect risk questions when assessing the public’s perceptions of harms associated with novel tobacco products.
Quantifying the association of low-intensity and late initiation of tobacco smoking with total and cause-specific mortality in Asia
Authors: Yang Jae Jeong , Yu Danxia , Shu Xiao-Ou , Freedman Neal D , Wen Wanqing , Rahman Shafiur , Abe Sarah K , Saito Eiko , Gupta Prakash C , He Jiang , Tsugane Shoichiro , Gao Yu-Tang , Xiang Yong-Bing , Yuan Jian-Min , Tomata Yasutake , Tsuji Ichiro , Sugawara Yumi , Matsuo Keitaro , Ahn Yoon-Ok , Park Sue K , Chen Yu , Pan Wen-Harn , Pednekar Mangesh , Gu Dongfeng , Sawada Norie , Cai Hui , Li Hong-Lan , Koh Woon-Puay , Wang Renwei , Zhang Shu , Kanemura Seiki , Ito Hidemi , Shin Myung-Hee , Wu Pei-Ei , Yoo Keun-Young , Ahsan Habibul , Chia Kee Seng , Boffetta Paolo , Inoue Manami , Kang Daehee , Potter John D , Zheng Wei 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundLittle is known about the health harms associated with low-intensity smoking in Asians who, on average, smoke fewer cigarettes and start smoking at a later age than their Western counterparts.MethodsIn this pooled analysis of 738 013 Asians from 16 prospective cohorts, we quantified the associations of low-intensity (<5 cigarettes/day) and late initiation (≥35 years) of smoking with mortality outcomes. HRs and 95% CIs were estimated for each cohort by Cox regression. Cohort-specific HRs were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.FindingsDuring a mean follow-up of 11.3 years, 92 068 deaths were ascertained. Compared with never smokers, current smokers who consumed <5 cigarettes/day or started smoking after age 35 years had a 16%–41% increased risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease mortality and a >twofold risk of lung cancer mortality. Furthermore, current smokers who started smoking after age 35 and smoked <5 cigarettes/day had significantly elevated risks of all-cause (HRs (95% CIs)=1.14 (1.05 to 1.23)), CVD (1.27 (1.08 to 1.49)) and respiratory disease (1.54 (1.17 to 2.01)) mortality. Even smokers who smoked <5 cigarettes/day but quit smoking before the age of 45 years had a 16% elevated risk of all-cause mortality; however, the risk declined further with increasing duration of abstinence.ConclusionsOur study showed that smokers who smoked a small number of cigarettes or started smoking later in life also experienced significantly elevated all-cause and major cause-specific mortality but benefited from cessation. There is no safe way to smoke—not smoking is always the best choice.
Cooling of dark-matter admixed neutron stars with density-dependent equation of state
Authors: Bhat Sajad A. , Paul Avik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe propose a dark-matter (DM) admixed density-dependent equation of state where the fermionic DM interacts with the nucleons via Higgs portal. Presence of DM can hardly influence the particle distribution inside neutron star (NS) but can significantly affect the structure as well as equation of state (EOS) of NS. Introduction of DM inside NS softens the equation of state. We explored the effect of variation of DM mass and DM Fermi momentum on the NS EOS. Moreover, DM-Higgs coupling is constrained using dark matter direct detection experiments. Then, we studied cooling of normal NSs using APR and DD2 EOSs and DM admixed NSs using dark-matter modified DD2 with varying DM mass and Fermi momentum. We have done our analysis by considering different NS masses. Also DM mass and DM Fermi momentum are varied for fixed NS mass and DM-Higgs coupling. We calculated the variations of luminosity and temperature of NS with time for all EOSs considered in our work and then compared our calculations with the observed astronomical cooling data of pulsars namely Cas A, RX J0822-43, 1E 1207-52, RX J0002+62, XMMU J17328, PSR B1706-44, Vela, PSR B2334+61, PSR B0656+14, Geminga, PSR B1055-52 and RX J0720.4-3125. It is found that APR EOS agrees well with the pulsar data for lighter and medium mass NSs but cooling is very fast for heavier NS. For DM admixed DD2 EOS, it is found that for all considered NS masses, all chosen DM masses and Fermi momenta agree well with the observational data of PSR B0656+14, Geminga, Vela, PSR B1706-44 and PSR B2334+61. Cooling becomes faster as compared to normal NSs in case of increasing DM mass and Fermi momenta. It is infered from the calculations that if low mass super cold NSs are observed in future that may support the fact that heavier WIMP can be present inside neutron stars.
First-principles study on the thermodynamic, mechanical and magnetic properties of the Fe-N phases
Authors: Li Zhi , Zhao Zhen , Shi Tong-Tong , Zang Xi-Min 
Published: June 2020

To clear the intermetallic Fe-N phases, how to effect the strength and magnetic features of iron nitrides thin films, the thermodynamic, mechanical and magnetic attributes of the Fe-N phases have been calculated at Perdew, Burke and Enzerhof (PBE) level. The results show that the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] phases are more stable than the other considered Fe-N phases by the formation energies. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] phases are metastable at 0 K, which can be further decomposed into other more stable phases with temperature decreasing, i.e., [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text] is the only brittle phase, while [Formula: see text] is the most ductile phase. The [Formula: see text] possesses the highest thermal conductivity by Debye temperatures. The [Formula: see text] possesses the highest anisotropic behavior by [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] values. The [Formula: see text] and FeN phases possess higher average magnetic moments (MM) than their neighbors. The [Formula: see text] has stronger ionic bond by Mülliken population analysis.
Insecurity of Jiang et al.’s quantum cryptography protocol
Authors: Gao Gan , Wang Yue , Cui Xue-Ying , Zhou Zhen-Gen 
Published: June 2020

Recently, Jiang et al. proposed a quantum cryptography protocol [Mod. Phys. Lett. B 32 (2018) 1850125] which can implement the equal exchange of secret information between the two parties with the help of semi-trusted third party. Here, it will be shown that the protocol is insecure and has the drawback of information leakage.
Chapter 10 Mineral resources and prospectivity of the ultramafic rocks of New Caledonia
Authors: Maurizot P. , Sevin B. , Lesimple S. , Bailly L. , Iseppi M. , Robineau B. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The main metallic mineral resources of New Caledonia are hosted by the obducted Peridotite Nappe. Ni, Co, Cr and the Pt group elements (PGEs) are specific to this ultramafic terrane. Cr, as podiform chromitite in the uppermost mantle, is the only hypogene metal mined economically in the past. The largest chromitite deposits are located in the lherzolitic Tiébaghi Massif. Supergene Ni and Co deposits are concentrated by the tropical climate that has prevailed since the Miocene. New Caledonian lateritic Ni deposits account for 10% of the global Ni resources. Hydrous Mg silicate and oxide types coexist in a single deposit. A local genetic model based on geomorphological evolution is proposed. Sc is a prospective resource associated with these supergene deposits. The PGEs are a prospective resource associated with chromite, with potential in the hypogene, supergene and fluvio-littoral domains. Pt and Pd are the most significant elements. The transition zone between the upper mantle and crustal cumulates constitutes a regional Pt–Pd-enriched horizon. The concentrations are related to small disseminated chromite lenses in a pyroxene-rich lithology. The PGEs are concentrated in weathering profiles. The value of chromite-rich sands as placers or sand beach deposits might be enhanced by the occurrences of PGEs.
Chapter 5 The Eocene Subduction–Obduction Complex of New Caledonia
Authors: Maurizot P. , Cluzel D. , Patriat M. , Collot J. , Iseppi M. , Lesimple S. , Secchiari A. , Bosch D. , Montanini A. , Macera P. , Davies H. L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Convergence and subduction started in the Late Paleocene, to the east of New Caledonia in the South Loyalty Basin/Loyalty Basin, leading to the formation of the Subduction–Obduction Complex of Grande Terre. Convergence during the Eocene consumed the oceanic South Loyalty Basin and the northeasternmost margin of Zealandia (the Norfolk Ridge). The attempted subduction of the Norfolk Ridge eventually led to the end-Eocene obduction. Intra-oceanic subduction started in the South Loyalty Basin, as indicated by high-temperature amphibolite (56 Ma), boninite and adakite series dykes (55–50 Ma) and changes in the sedimentation regime (55 Ma). The South Loyalty Basin and its margin were dragged to a maximum depth of 70 km, forming the high-pressure–low-temperature Pouébo Terrane and the Diahot–Panié Metamorphic Complex, before being exhumed at 38–34 Ma. The obduction complex was formed by the stacking from NE to SW of several allochthonous units over autochthonous Zealandia, including the Montagnes Blanches Nappe (Norfolk Ridge crust), the Poya Terrane (the crust of the South Loyalty Basin) and the Peridotite Nappe (the mantle lithosphere of the Loyalty Basin). A model of continental subduction accepted by most researchers is proposed and discussed. Offshore continuations and comparable units in Papua New Guinea and New Zealand are presented.
Advanced Age Increases Immunosuppression in the Brain and Decreases Immunotherapeutic Efficacy in Subjects with Glioblastoma
Authors: Ladomersky Erik , Zhai Lijie , Lauing Kristen L. , Bell April , Xu Jiahui , Kocherginsky Masha , Zhang Bin , Wu Jennifer D. , Podojil Joseph R. , Platanias Leonidas C. , Mochizuki Aaron Y. , Prins Robert M. , Kumthekar Priya , Raizer Jeffrey J. , Dixit Karan , Lukas Rimas V. , Horbinski Craig , Wei Min , Zhou Changyou , Pawelec Graham , Campisi Judith , Grohmann Ursula , Prendergast George C. , Munn David H. , Wainwright Derek A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurpose:Wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase–expressing glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with a median age at diagnosis of ≥65 years. It accounts for approximately 90% of all GBMs and has a median overall survival (OS) of &lt;15 months. Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has achieved remarkable survival benefits in a variety of aggressive malignancies, similar success has yet to be achieved for GBM among phase III clinical trials to date. Our study aimed to understand the relationship between subject age and immunotherapeutic efficacy as it relates to survival from glioma.Experimental Design:(i) Clinical data: GBM patient datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Northwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse, and clinical studies evaluating ICB were stratified by age and compared for OS. (ii) Animal models: young, middle-aged, and older adult wild-type and indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO)-knockout syngeneic mice were intracranially engrafted with CT-2A or GL261 glioma cell lines and treated with or without CTLA-4/PD-L1 mAbs, or radiation, anti–PD-1 mAb, and/or a pharmacologic IDO enzyme inhibitor.Results:Advanced age was associated with decreased GBM patient survival regardless of treatment with ICB. The advanced age–associated increase of brain IDO expression was linked to the suppression of immunotherapeutic efficacy and was not reversed by IDO enzyme inhibitor treatment.Conclusions:Immunosuppression increases in the brain during advanced age and inhibits antiglioma immunity in older adults. Going forward, it will be important to fully understand the factors and mechanisms in the elderly brain that contribute to the decreased survival of older patients with GBM during treatment with ICB.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Prognostic Factor of Disease-free Survival in Postnephrectomy High-risk Locoregional Renal Cell Carcinoma: Analysis of the S-TRAC Trial
Authors: Patel Anup , Ravaud Alain , Motzer Robert J. , Pantuck Allan J. , Staehler Michael , Escudier Bernard , Martini Jean-François , Lechuga Mariajose , Lin Xun , George Daniel J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
In the S-TRAC trial, adjuvant sunitinib improved disease-free survival (DFS) compared with placebo in patients with locoregional renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at high risk of recurrence. This post hoc exploratory analysis investigated the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for predictive and prognostic significance in the RCC adjuvant setting.

Experimental Design:
Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox proportional analyses were performed on baseline NLR and change from baseline at week 4 to assess their association with DFS. Univariate P values were two-sided and based on an unstratified log-rank test.

Results:
609 of 615 patients had baseline NLR values; 574 patients had baseline and week 4 values. Sunitinib-treated patients with baseline NLR &lt;3 had longer DFS versus placebo (7.1 vs. 4.7; HR, 0.71; P = 0.02). For baseline NLR ≥3, DFS was similar regardless of treatment (sunitinib 6.8 vs. placebo not reached; HR, 1.03; P = 0.91). A ≥25% NLR decrease at week 4 was associated with longer DFS versus no change (6.8 vs. 5.3 years; HR, 0.71; P = 0.01). A greater proportion of sunitinib-treated patients had ≥25% NLR decrease at week 4 (71.2%) versus placebo (17.4%). Patients with ≥25% NLR decrease at week 4 received a higher median cumulative sunitinib dose (10,137.5 mg) versus no change (8,168.8 mg) or ≥25% increase (6,712.5 mg).

Conclusions:
In the postnephrectomy high-risk RCC patient cohort, low baseline NLR may help identify those most suitable for adjuvant sunitinib. A ≥25% NLR decrease at week 4 may be an early indicator of those most likely to tolerate treatment and derive DFS benefit.
Microthrombi Correlates With Infarction and Delayed Neurological Deficits After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice
Authors: Dienel Ari , Ammassam Veettil Remya , Hong Sung-Ha , Matsumura Kanako , Kumar T. Peeyush , Yan Yuanqing , Blackburn Spiros L. , Ballester Leomar Y. , Marrelli Sean P. , McCullough Louise D. , McBride Devin W. 
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose:
Delayed neurological deficits are a devastating consequence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which affects about 30% of surviving patients. Although a very serious concern, delayed deficits are understudied in experimental SAH models; it is not known whether rodents recapitulate the delayed clinical decline seen in SAH patients. We hypothesized that mice with SAH develop delayed functional deficits and that microthrombi and infarction correlate with delayed decline.

Methods:
Adult C57BL/6J mice of both sexes were subjected to endovascular perforation to induce SAH. Mice were allowed to survive for up to 1 week post-ictus and behavioral performance was assessed daily. Postmortem microthrombi, large artery diameters (to assess vasospasm), and infarct volume were measured. These measures were analyzed for differences between SAH mice that developed delayed deficits and SAH mice that did not get delayed deficits. Correlation analyses were performed to identify which measures correlated with delayed neurological deficits, sex, and infarction.

Results:
Twenty-three percent of males and 47% of females developed delayed deficits 3 to 6 days post-SAH. Female mice subjected to SAH had a significantly higher incidence of delayed deficits than male mice with SAH. Mice that developed delayed deficits had significantly more microthrombi and larger infarct volumes than SAH mice that did not get delayed deficits. Microthrombi positively correlated with infarct volume, and both microthrombi and infarction correlated with delayed functional deficits. Vasospasm did not correlate with either infarction delayed functional deficits.

Conclusions:
We discovered that delayed functional deficits occur in mice following SAH. Sex differences were seen in the prevalence of delayed deficits. The mechanism by which microthrombi cause delayed deficits may be via formation of infarcts.