bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Concentrations of Illicit Stimulants and Cutting Agents Cause False Positives on Fentanyl Test Strips
Authors: Lockwood Tracy-Lynn E. , Vervoordt Alexandra , Lieberman Marya 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background:The opioid epidemic has caused an increase of overdose deaths which can be attributed to fentanyl combined with various illicit substances. Drug checking programs have been started by many harm reduction groups to provide tools for users to determine the composition of their street drugs. Immunoassay fentanyl test strips (FTS) allow users to test drugs for fentanyl by either filling a baggie or cooker with water to dissolve the sample and test. The antibody used in FTS is very selective for fentanyl at high dilutions, a characteristic of the traditional use of urine testing. These street sample preparation methods can lead to mg/mL concentrations of several potential interference. We tested whether these concentrated samples could cause false positive results on a FTS. Methods:20 ng/mL Rapid Response immunoassay Fentanyl Test Strips (FTS) were obtained from BTNX Inc. and tested against 4 different pharmaceuticals (diphenhydramine, alprazolam, gabapentin, and naloxone buprenorphine) and 3 illicit stimulants (cocaine HCl, methamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)) in concentrations from 20 mg/mL to 0.2 mg/mL. The FTS testing pad is divided into 2 sections: the control area and the test area. Control and test area signal intensities were quantified by ImageJ from photographs of the test strips and compared to a threshold set by fentanyl at the FTS limit of detection. Results: False positive results indicating the presence of fentanyl were obtained from samples of methamphetamine, MDMA, and diphenhydramine at concentrations at or above 1 mg/mL. Diphenhydramine is a common cutting agent in heroin. The street sample preparation protocols for FTS use suggested by many online resources would produce such concentrations of these materials. Street samples need to be diluted more significantly to avoid interference from potential cutting agents and stimulants. Conclusions:Fentanyl test strips are commercially available, successful at detecting fentanyl to the specified limit of detection and can be a valuable tool for harm reduction efforts. Users should be aware that when drug adulterants are in high concentrations, FTS can give a false positive result.
The Association Between Parity and Metabolically Unhealthy Normal-Weight in Chinese Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Shi Mengte , Zhou Xinhe , Zheng Chao , Pan Youjin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundStudies analyzing the association between parity and metabolically unhealthy normal-weight (MUHNW) individuals in postmenopausal women remain limited, this study aimed to explore the association between parity and MUHNW among Chinese postmenopausal women.MethodsIn total, 776 normal-weight undiagnosed type 2 diabetes postmenopausal women who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University for a routine health check-up between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2019 were included in the study. All individuals had fully completed information records encompassing standardized electronic medical records, physical examinations, and biochemical measurements. The association between parity and MUHNW was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsCompared to women with a parity of one, the odds ratios (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of the parity 2, 3, and ≥4 groups were observed to be 1.40 (0.89, 2.20), 2.00 (1.16, 3.44) and 1.87 (0.96, 3.62), respectively, with P for trend < 0.05 after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Women with a higher parity (≥3) had an increased OR of abdominal obesity, while the OR (95% CI) of the parity 3 group was 2.54 (1.46, 4.40) and that of the parity 4 group was 4.25 (2.11, 8.56), the P for trend < 0.001 after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), education level, first-degree relatives of patients with diabetes, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, physical activity, pregnancy losses, age at menarche, and duration of reproductive years. No significant differences were detected for other metabolic disorders including high levels of triglycerides (TG), blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in different parity groups.ConclusionHigher parity was associated with a higher risk of MUHNW in Chinese postmenopausal women. Accordingly, it may be plausible that parity serves as a risk factor for metabolic disorders irrespective of BMI, and abdominal obesity may play an important role in metabolic disorders.
The long-distance OPT3 movement is selective between herbaceous and woody plants as shown using Malus and Arabidopsis thaliana plants
Authors: Lv Xinmin , Sun Yaqiang , Hao Pengbo , Zhang Cankui , Tian Ji , Fu Mengmeng , Xu Zhen , Wang Yi , Zhang Xinzhong , Xu Xuefeng , Wu Ting , Han Zhenhai 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Long-distance mobile mRNAs play key roles in gene regulatory networks controlling plant development and stress resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying species-specific delivery of mRNA still need to be elucidated. Here, the use of grafts involving highly heterozygous apple (Malus) genotypes allowed us to demonstrate that MdOPT3 mRNA can be transported over a long distance, from the leaf to the root, to regulate Fe uptake; whereas, AtOPT3, the mRNA of the MdOPT3 homolog from Arabidopsis thaliana, does not move from shoot to root. Reciprocal heterologous expression of the two types of mRNAs showed that the immobile AtOPT3 moved from the shoot to the root in Malus and Populus plants, while the mobile MdOPT3 became immobile in A. thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the different transmissibility of OPT3 in A. thaliana and Malus might be caused by the divergent RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) located in herbaceous and woody plants. This study provides insights into mechanisms underlying differences in mRNA mobility and validates the important physiological functions associated with this process.
Photoluminescence and Boosting Electron-phonon Coupling in CdS Nanowires With Variable Sn(IV) Dopant Concentration
Authors: Zhou Weichang , Peng Yuehua , Luo Yuan , Zhong Xuying , Yin Yanling , Tang Dongsheng , Zou Bingsuo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
High-quality Sn(IV) doped CdS nanowires were synthesized by a thermal evaporation route. Both XRD and Raman scattering spectrum confirmed the doping effect. The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) demonstrated that both near bandgap emission and discrete trapped-state emission appeared simultaneously and significantly, which were attributed to the strong exciton trapping by impurities and electron-phonon coupling during the light transportation. The PL intensity ratio of near bandgap emission to trapped-state emission could be tune via doped Sn(IV) concentration in the CdS nanowires. It is interesting that the trapped-state emission shows well separated peaks with the assistance of 1LO, 2LO, 4LO phonons, demonstrating the boosting electron-phonon coupling in these doped CdS nanowires. It is interesting that the trapped-state emission shows well separated peaks with the assistance of 1LO, 2LO, 4LO phonons, demonstrating the boosting electron-phonon coupling in these doped CdS nanowires. The influence of Sn(IV) dopant is further revealed by PL lifetime decay profile. The optical micro-cavity also plays an important role on this emission process. Our results will be helpful to the understanding of doping modulated carrier interaction, trapping and recombination in one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures.
Perforation of the Atrial Wall and Aortic Sinus after Closure of an Atrial Septal Defect with an Atriasept Occluder: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Zaiqiang , Ding Jia-Wang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: While the perforation of the atrial wall and aortic sinus after closure of an atrial septal defect (ASD) is rare, it's life-threatening, with rapid progress and high mortality. To the best of our knowledge, 21 similar cases have been reported since 1976.Case presentation: We report a 16-year-old male whose atrial septal defect (ASD) was closed using a 12-mm Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO). Atrial wall and aortic sinus perforation occurred 3 months after transcatheter closure, and the patient was discharged after emergency operation. He was discharged on the 12th postoperative day in good overall condition.Conclusions: With this case report, we want to illustrate that although percutaneous closure of ASD is regarded as a routine procedure, we should not forget the potentially lethal complications, especially cardiac erosion. Therefore, we should carefully evaluate the risk of erosion before surgery, and careful lifelong follow-up is needed.
Evaluation of Auto-Planning for Left-Side Breast Cancer After Breast-Conserving Surgery Based on Geometrical Relationship
Authors: Li Yijiang , Bai Han , Huang Danju , Chen Feihu , Liu Xuhong , Yan Jiawen , Zhu Sijin , Xia Yaoxiong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate (1) the performance of Auto-Planning module embedded in Pinnnacle treatment planning system (TPS) with 30 left-side breast cancer plans; (2) the dose-distance relations based on overlap volume histogram (OVH) curve.Method30 patients with left-side breast cancer after breast-serving surgery were enrolled in this study. The clinical manual plan (MP) and the automatic plan (AP) were generated by Monaco and Auto-planning module respectively. The geometric relations between organ at risk (OAR) and planning target volume (PTV) of each patient were described by the overlap volume histogram (OVH). The patients were ranked according to the extension distance from PTV at a specific volume on the OVH curve. The MP and AP plans then were ranked to compare with the ranking of the OVH curves. Dosimetric difference between MP and AP plans were evaluated with statistical analysis.ResultThe comparative result shows a higher degree of correlation between AP and OVH curve. For different indicators, the dose distribution of , , in ipsilateral lung is more consistent with the distance-dose relation compared to the dose distribution of in heart. Dosimetric comparison shows a statistically significant improvement in ipsilateral lung and , and in heart of AP plans compared to MP plans. However, the result of ipsilateral lung of MP plans are better than that of AP plans.ConclusionThe overall results of AP plans are superior to MP plans. The dose distribution in AP plans are more consistent with the distance-dose relationship, which was described by OVH. After eliminating the interference of human factors, the AP is able to provide more stable and objective plans for radiotherapy patients.
Treatment Planning Comparison of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy With Trilogy and Halcyon for Bilateral Breast Cancer&nbsp;
Authors: Sun Tao , Lin Xiutong , Zhang Guifang , Qiu Qingtao , Li Chengqiang , Yin Yong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the dosimetry of Halcyon in treatment of bilateral breast cancer with volumetric modulated arc therapy. Methods: On CT images of 10 patients with bilateral breast cancer, four Halcyon plans with different setup fields were generated and dosimetric comparisons were conducted among the four plans to select an optimal setup field mode. The four setup-field plans were referred to as CBCT-H, CBCT-L, MV-H, MV-L. Whole and partial arc plans on Trilogy and Halcyon referred to as T-4arc, T-8arc, H-4arc and H-8arc were designed. The dosimetric differences between whole and partial arc plans in the same accelerator were compared to understand the most suitable field setting mode. The better Halcyon plan was selected to the further dosimetric comparison of the plan quality and delivery efficiency between Trilogy and Halcyon. Results: CBCT-H plans increased Dmean, D2 and V107 of planning target volume (PTV) and V5 and Dmean of the heart, left ventricle (LV) and lungs compared to other plans. No significantly dosimetric differences were observed in PTV and organs at risk (OARs) among CBCT-L, MV-H and MV-L. The mean dose and low dose volume of heart, lungs and liver were significantly decreased in T-8arc plans. In terms of V5, V20, V30, V40 and Dmean of the heart, V20, V30, V40 and Dmean of the LV, V30, V40, Dmax and Dmean of the left anterior descending artery (LAD), V5 and V40 of lungs, H-8arc was significantly higher than H-4arc (p<0.05). Compared to Trilogy’s plans, Halcyon’s plans reduced the high-dose volume of the heart and LV, but increased the mean dose of the heart. For the dose of the LAD and the V20, V30 of lungs, there was no statistical difference between the two accelerators. Compared with Trilogy, plans on Halcyon significantly increased the skin dose, but also significantly reduced the delivery time. Conclusion: For Halcyon, the whole-arc plans has more dosimetric advantages in bilateral breast cancer radiotherapy. Although the mean dose of the heart and the skin dose are increased, the dose of the cardiac substructure and other OARs are comparable to the Trilogy, and the delivery time is significantly reduced.
Towards Improved Clustering and Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Alharbi Mohammad , Kolberg Mario , Zeeshan Muhammad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Wireless sensor network (WSN)-based Internet of Things (IoT) applications suffer from issues including limited battery capacity, frequent disconnections due to multihop communication and a shorter transmission range. Researchers propose different but isolated clustering and routing solutions that are inefficient in terms of energy efficiency and network connectivity in IoT-based WSNs. In this work, we emphasize the importance of considering the context of IoT applications that have further requirements for dedicated data collection per node. We address two interlinked issues, clustering and routing, in a large-scale IoT-based WSN. We propose an improved clustering and routing (ICR) protocol to jointly solve both of these issues. Improved clustering and routing provide area-based clustering derived from the transmission range of network nodes. This clustering also develops a strong network backbone that provides fail-over-proof routing. An efficient routing path is achieved by finding the minimal hop count with the availability of alternate routing paths. The results are compared with state-of-the-art benchmark protocols, Joint Clustering and Routing (JCR), Low Energy Adaptive Hierarchical Clustering (LEACH) and other recent protocols. Theoretical and simulation results demonstrate reliable network topology, improved network lifetime, efficient node density management and improved overall network capacity.
Incidental Extraspinal Imaging Findings on Adult EOS Full Body Radiographs: Prevalence and Clinical Importance
Authors: Wood Lily , Martin Christopher , Polly David , Luchsinger Samuel , Takahashi Takashi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to review our institutional experience with the EOS machine in order to identify the incidence and clinical significance of incidental extraspinal findings (IESF) in an adult spinal deformity population.MethodsOur institutional database was queried for all full-length standing radiographs generated by the EOS machine. Dictations were reviewed and the number of incidental extraspinal findings were classified using a previously described system. All findings related to the spine were excluded. A subset of electronic medical records were reviewed to determine further workup for individual findings of suspected clinical significance. Results1857 EOS studies were identified. 503 patient studies (55.5% female, mean age 59-years-old, range 18 to 91-years-old) met inclusion criteria. 60.4% of dictations had at least one incidental extraspinal finding reported, most were classified as Minor. The rate of Major and Moderate findings was 4.8%. The final rate of clinically significant incidental extraspinal findings was 0.8% and included 3 presumed metastatic lesions in long bones and 1 pulmonary nodule.ConclusionTo our knowledge this is the first study that reports the rate of incidental extraspinal findings on full body EOS studies. We report a low rate (0.8%) of clinically significant incidental extraspinal findings which is lower than that of CT or MRI. Further research is warranted in comparing EOS and standard radiography.
Assessment of Chronic Allograft Injury in Renal Transplantation Using Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging
Authors: Zheng Xin , Li Min , Wang Pan , Li Xiangnan , Zhang Qiang , Zeng Song , Jiang Tao , Hu Xiaopeng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Chronic allograft injury (CAI) is a significant reason for which many grafts were lost. The study was conducted to assess the usefulness of diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) technology in the non-invasive assessment of CAI. Methods: Between February 2019 and October 2019, 110 renal allograft recipients were included to analyze relevant DKI parameters. According to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (mL/min/ 1.73m2) level, they were divided to 3 groups: group 1, eGFR≥60 (n=10); group 2, eGFR 30–60 (n=69); group 3, eGFR<30 (n=31). We performed DKI on a clinical 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. We measured the area of interest to determine the mean kurtosis (MK), mean diffusivity (MD), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the renal cortex and medulla. We performed a Pearson correlation analysis to determine the relationship between eGFR and the DKI parameters. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to estimate the predicted values of DKI parameters in the CAI evaluation. We randomly selected five patients from group 2 for biopsy to confirm CAI.Results: With the increase of creatinine, ADC, and MD of the cortex and medulla decrease, while MK of the cortex and medulla gradually increase. Among the three different eGFR groups, significant differences were found in cortical and medullary MK (P =0.039, P <0.001, P <0.001, respectively). Cortical and medullary ADC and MD are negatively correlated with eGFR (r=-0.49, -0.44, -0.57, -0.57, respectively; P<0.001), while cortical and medullary MK are positively correlated with eGFR (r=0.42, 0.38; P<0.001). When 0.491 was set as the cutoff value, MK's CAI assessment showed 87% sensitivity and 100% specificity. All five patients randomly selected for biopsy from the second group confirmed glomerulosclerosis and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis.Conclusion: The DKI technique is related to eGFR as allograft injury progresses, and is expected to become a potential non-invasive method for evaluating CAI.
A Novel Xenonucleic Acid Mediated Molecular Clamping Technology for Early Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Sun Qing , Pastor Larry , Du Jinwei , Powell Michael J. , Zhang Aiguo , Bodmer Walter , Wu Jianzhong , Zheng Shu , Sha Michael Y 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Early detection is critical to reduce CRC morbidity and mortality. In order to meet this need, we developed a molecular clamping assay called the ColoScape TM for early colorectal cancer diagnostics. MethodsNineteen mutations in four genes APC, KRAS, BRAF and CTNNB1 associated with early events in CRC pathogenesis are targeted in the ColoScapeTM assay. Xenonucleic Acid (XNA) mediated qPCR clamping technology was applied to minimize the wild-type background amplification in order to improve assay sensitivity of CRC mutation detection. The assay analytical performance was verified and validated, cfDNA and FFPE CRC patient samples were evaluated, and a ROC cure was applied to evaluate its performance.ResultsThe data showed that the assay analytical sensitivity is 0.5% Variant Allele Frequency, corresponding to ~7-8 copies of mutant DNA with 5ng total DNA input per test. This assay is highly reproducible with intra-assay CV <3% and inter-assay <5%. We have investigated 380 clinical samples including plasma cfDNA and FFPE samples from patients with precancerous and different stages of CRC. The preliminary assay clinical specificity and sensitivity for CRC cfDNA were 100% (95% CI, 80.3-97.5%) and 92.2% (95% CI, 94.7-100%) respectively with AUC being about 0.96; and 96% (95% CI, 77.6-99.7%) specificity and 92% (95% CI, 86.1-95.6%) sensitivity with AUC 0.94 for CRC FFPE; and 95% specificity (95% CI, 82.5%-99.1%) and 62.5% sensitivity (95% CI, 35.8%-83.7%) with AUC 0.79 for precancerous lesions cfDNA.ConclusionsXNA mediated molecular clamping assay is a rapid, precise, and sensitive assay for the detection of precancerous lesions cfDNA and CRC cfDNA or FFPE samples.
Efficacy of intravenous infusions of UC-derived MSCs for the treatment of COVID-19: A structured summary of a phase II double blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Mehmood Azra , Tarar Moazzam Nazeer , Gottsch John D , Nawaz Zafar , Riazuddin S. Amer , Khan Aisha , Riazuddin Sheikh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this clinical research project, we will conduct a highly rigorous clinical trial where we randomize the patients between umbilical cord (UC)-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and standard of care (SOC). This study will ask the question whether the allogenic MSCs are effective in reducing death and/or progression of COVID-19 disease when administered to patients with moderate to severe symptoms. MSCs are unique group of cells with minimal immune reactivity and produce multiple beneficial effects, which include reduction of severe inflammatory reaction. There is convincing evidence from human studies that intravenous (IV) delivery of MSCs can directly impact the hyper-inflammatory responses of COVID-19 induced injury of the heart and lungs. Our study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of allogenic UC-derived MSCs administered intravenously to COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe symptom in a randomized, controlled clinical trial. In addition, we will determine whether : (i) UC-derived MSCs are effective in reducing 30-day all-cause mortality (primary endpoint) and (ii) UC-derived MSCs are effective in preventing progression to mechanical ventilation, and/or reducing an inflammatory response, and/or improving overall patient condition (secondary endpoints).
The applicability of ASCS_LSTM_ATT model for water level prediction in small- and medium-sized basins in China
Authors: Li Ke , Wan Dingsheng , Zhu Yuelong , Yao Cheng , Yu Yufeng , Si Cunyou , Ruan Xiangchao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Water level prediction of small- and medium-sized rivers plays an important role in water resource management and flood control. Such a prediction is concentrated in the flood season because of the frequent occurrence of flood disasters in the plain area. Moreover, the flood in mountainous areas suddenly rises and falls, and the slope is steep. Thus, establishing a hydrological prediction model for small- and medium-sized rivers with high accuracy and different topographic features, that is, plains and mountains, is an urgent problem. A prediction method based on ASCS_LSTM_ATT is proposed to solve this problem. First, the important parameters are optimized by improving the cuckoo search algorithm. Second, different methods are used to determine the forecast factors according to various topographic features. Finally, the model is combined with the self-attention mechanism to extract significant information. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed model has the ability to effectively improve the water level prediction accuracy and parameter optimization efficiency.