bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumer–resource dynamics in Arctic ponds
Authors: DeSiervo Melissa H. , Ayres Matthew P. , Virginia Ross A. , Culler Lauren E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPopulation dynamics are shaped by species interactions with resources, competitors, enemies, and environmental fluctuations that alter the strength of these interactions. We used a food web approach to investigate the population dynamics of an abundant Arctic mosquito species, Aedes nigripes (Diptera: Culicidae). Specifically, we evaluated the importance of bottom‐up variation in aquatic biofilms (food) and top‐down predation from diving beetles (Colymbetes dolabratus, Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) on mosquito population performance. In spring 2018, we tracked mosquito and predator populations across eight ponds in western Greenland, measured biofilm productivity with standardized samplers, and estimated grazing pressure by invertebrate consumers with an in situ exclosure experiment. We also assessed the quality of biofilms as nutrition for mosquito larvae and evaluated pond attributes that might influence biofilm productivity and food quality. Our results indicated that mosquito population dynamics were more related to resource quality and intraspecific competition than to the density of predaceous diving beetles. Ponds with better quality biofilm tended to have more hatching larvae and those populations experienced higher per capita mortality. This aggregation of larvae in what would otherwise be the best mosquito ponds was enough to produce relatively low fitness. Thus, the landscape would support more mosquitoes if they instead distributed themselves to match predictions of the ideal free distribution. Although mortality rates were highest in ponds with the highest initial densities, the increased mortality was not generally enough to compensate for initial abundance, and 78% of the variation in the density of mosquitoes emerging from ponds was explained by the initial number of larvae in a pond. Resource quality was a strong predictor of consumer abundance, yet there was no evidence that biofilm grazing pressure was greater in ponds where mosquito density was higher. Collectively, our results suggest that mosquito ponds in western Greenland are a mosaic of source and pseudo‐sink populations structured by oviposition tendencies, biofilm resource quality, and density‐dependent larval mortality.
Boundary layer flow and stability analysis of forced convection over a diverging channel with variable properties of fluids
Authors: Govindhasamy Iyyappan , Singh Abhishek K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objective of the current study is to investigate the forced convection laminar boundary layer flow over a flat plate in a diverging channel with variable viscosity. The physical governing equations are converted to nondimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) using similarity transformation. The coupled PDEs with boundary constrains are solved numerically using quasilinearization technique. Computational results are given in terms of flow parameter , suction or injection A, and viscous dissipation parameter Ec. Stability analysis was conducted and the solutions were found to be stable for real values of . We found that variable Prandtl number with quasilinearization technique method gives smoothness of solution compared to fixed Prandtl number. This is shown graphically for different fluids in Section 5. Also, the significant effect of the suction/injection parameter on velocity, temperature profiles, skin friction, and heat transfer is observed.
The immunologic changes during different phases of intestinal anastomotic healing
Authors: Zhang Feng , Qiao Song , Li Chunqiao , Wu Bo , Reischl Stefan , Neumann Philipp‐Alexander 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntestinal anatomosis is a complex and multicellular process that involving three overlapped phases: exudative phase, proliferative phase, and reparative phase. Undisturbed anastomotic healings are crucial for the recovery of patients after operations but unsuccessful healings are linked with a considerable mortality. This time, we concentrate on the immunologic changes during different phases of intestinal anastomotic healing and select several major immune cells and cytokines of each phase to get a better understanding of these immunologic changes in different phases, which will be significant for more precise therapy strategies in anastomoses.
Simulation‐based clinical learning for the third year medical student: Effectiveness of transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound for elucidation of OB/GYN scenarios
Authors: Cook James , Rao Victor V. , Bell Floyd , Durkin Martin , Cone Jordan , Lane‐Cordova Abbi , Castleberry Lauren 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposePoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is gaining recognition as a teaching modality that acts as an integrative learning tool during medical student transition to clinical rotations. This study aimed to determine if the use of ultrasound simulation enhances understanding of Obstetrical and Gynecological (Ob/Gyn) anatomy and pathology in third‐year medical students (M3), and if M3 students found the simulator useful.MethodsM3 students taking the OB/Gyn clerkship were invited to participate. Baseline knowledge of pelvic ultrasound anatomy and pathology was assessed with a multiple‐choice question test. Participants received a one‐hour OB/Gyn ultrasound simulation training session. A post‐test assessed knowledge after the intervention. Survey data was collected regarding learning styles and learner satisfaction.ResultsFollowing simulator‐based training, the median correct number of responses to the knowledge questions increased from 11 of 18 to 14 of 18 correct (P < .001). Statistically significant increases were also observed in comfort level with OB/GYN ultrasound (P < .001). All 68 students answered that the ultrasound simulator was helpful and enjoyed using the simulator.ConclusionsThis study suggests that ultrasound simulators are useful for improvement in knowledge, comfort level, and ability to identify pathology in Ob/Gyn scenarios in M3 students.
Mortality analysis of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in hepato‐biliary pancreatic surgery: Multicenter retrospective observational study
Authors: Ueno Masaki , Iida Hiroya , Kaibori Masaki , Komeda Koji , Takemura Shigekazu , Noda Takehiro , Ikoma Hisashi , Nomi Takeo , Hayami Shinya , Hirokawa Fumitoshi , Tanaka Shogo , Matsui Kousuke , Ishizaki Morihiko , Morimura Ryo , Hokuto Daisuke , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Tani Masaji , Yamaue Hiroki , Kubo Shoji 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground/PurposeAeromonas hydrophila can cause lethal infectious complications after surgery. There have been no large cohort studies of this specific to the hepato‐biliary‐pancreatic (HBP) field. We investigate the postoperative influence of A hydrophila infection after HBP surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent HBP surgery between 2008 and 2017 at eight university hospitals. Patients with A hydrophila isolation during perioperative management were extracted, and their postoperative courses were investigated.ResultsBacterial culture examination of 10 074 patients was performed as perioperative management. Among them, 76 patients (0.75%) had A hydrophila isolation, most of whom underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (n = 38) or hepatectomy with biliary reconstruction (n = 14). There were seven mortalities after these two procedures (13.5%), five within 3 days after the onset of infection. Bile (n = 48) and abdominal drainage fluid (n = 29) were major sites of A hydrophila isolation. Typical prophylactic antibiotics, cefazolin or flomoxef, were mostly resistant. There was no mortality among patients that received sensitive antibiotics prophylactically.ConclusionsIsolation of A hydrophila was low in our cases of HBP surgery, but the condition of some patients deteriorated rapidly by this infection. Although there could be several bacterial infections during management of HBP surgery, A hydrophila should not be overlooked. Preparation of appropriate prophylactic antibiotics may prevent or reduce mortality.
Recent advances in the synthetic chemistry of 1,5‐benzothiazepines: A minireview
Authors: Devi Varsha , Singh Gurpreet , Monga Vikramdeep 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBenzothiazepine, a prominent “drug prejudice core”, is a heterocyclic moiety of immense importance due to its presence in a wide range of bioactive compounds. They act as a primary “biolinker” in diverse synthetic routes to obtain bioactive molecules and serve as important templates in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. They are known to possess a plethora of pharmacological activities, which include Ca2+ channel blockers, CNS acting agents, anti‐HIV, ACE inhibitors, antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer. Their promising behaviour as drug molecules led the scientific community to develop novel, mild, green, and highly efficient synthetic routes for their synthesis. The conventional synthesis generally involved the condensation of chalcones with 2‐aminothiophenol in the presence of acid/base with high‐temperature heating, mostly resulting in poor yields or mixtures. However, recent trends are replacing these conditions with mild and green conditions through organocatalysis or other methodologies. In this review, an attempt has been made by authors to summarize (a) Recent developments in the synthetic strategies of 1,5‐benzoathiazepines and its derivatives (b) Conventional methods for the synthesis of 1,5‐benzothiazepines including progress in the green chemistry routes (c) Applications of various metals and organocatalysts to achieve the enantioselective synthesis of title compounds.
Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients With AL Amyloidosis: Comparison of Different Techniques by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Wan Ke , Lin Jiayi , Guo Xinli , Song Rizhen , Wang Jie , Xu Yuanwei , Li Weihao , Cheng Wei , Sun Jiayu , Zhang Qing , Han Yuchi , Chen Yucheng 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundRight ventricular (RV) dysfunction is common in patients with amyloid light‐chain (AL) amyloidosis. While cardiac MRI is the reference standard tool for RV assessment, there are a number of measures of RV function that can be evaluated and it is yet unknown which of these results in the highest prognostic performance in AL amyloidosis.PurposeTo examine the prognostic value of various measures of RV function in a bid to find which best predicts outcome in AL amyloidosis.Study TypeSingle‐center, prospective.SubjectsIn all, 129 patients (mean age, 58 ± 11 years; 61.2% men) with biopsy‐proven AL amyloidosis.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T / balanced steady‐state free‐precession cine.AssessmentRV ejection fraction (EF), RV fractional area change (FAC), RV long axis strain (LAS), RV free wall longitudinal strain (FWS), RV global longitudinal strain (GLS), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE).Statistical TestsMann–Whitney U‐tests, Student's t‐tests, receiver‐operating characteristic curves, Kaplan–Meier curves, Cox proportional hazards regression models, and C‐statistics.ResultsDuring the median follow‐up period of 38.0 months (interquartile range, 18.5–58.0 months), all‐cause mortality occurred in 95 patients (73.6%). The RVEF, RVGLS, TAPSE, RVFAC, and RVFWS were significant predictors of outcome in univariate Cox regression (all P < 0.001). After adjusting for New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, Mayo staging 2004, left ventricular (LV) EF, and LV mass index, RVFWS (HR [hazard ratio] =1.074; 95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.041–1.108; P < 0.001) was an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality and had a higher C‐statistic (0.753) compared to the model including RVEF (C‐statistic = 0.724, P = 0.034), the model including RVFAC (C‐statistic = 0.723, P = 0.033), and the model including RVGLS (C‐statistic =0.733, P = 0.011).Data ConclusionRV dysfunction appears to be an independent determinant of outcome in patients with AL amyloidosis. RVFWS is a better predictor of all‐cause mortality than RVEF, RVFAC, or RVGLS.Evidence Level2Technical Efficacy Stage5
Development of an antioxidant formula based on peanut by‐products and effects on sensory properties and aroma stability of fortified peanut snacks during storage
Authors: Albergamo Ambrogina , Salvo Andrea , Carabetta Sonia , Arrigo Sara , Di Sanzo Rosa , Costa Rosaria , Dugo Giacomo , Russo Mariateresa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn antioxidant formula based on peanut skins and hulls was developed and characterized for total and single polyphenols, as well as antioxidant power, considering the contribution provided by each peanut by‐product. Subsequently, it was evaluated for its effect on the sensory properties and aroma stability of peanut bars over a 100‐day period. To this purpose, snacks fortified, or not, with the natural additive were experimentally produced.RESULTSPeanut hulls contributed to a greater extent than skins with respect to boosting the content of bioactives and the antioxidnt activity of the antioxidant formula, which was marked by a phenol content of (approximately 807 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1) and a 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl activity similar to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (85.96% and 89.30%, respectively).From a sensory perspective, the incorporation of the formulation in snacks caused only a slightly stronger perception of astringent and bitter notes. Pyrazines, phenol, furan and pyrrole derivatives defined the aroma of snacks, being more abundant in fortified than in conventional samples. Such volatiles faded over storage, with different trends in the examined products. For example, the sum of 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine, 2‐ethylpyrazine and 2,3‐dimethylpyrazine was 9.49 and 8.87 ppm at day 15; 5.57 and 7.16 ppm at day 45; and 5.03 and 4.65 ppm at day 100, respectively, in fortified and conventional snacks. Hydroxymethylfurfural decreased constantly over storage in conventional samples and only after day 45 in fortified bars.CONCLUSIONOverall, the antioxidant formulation did not compromise the sensory desirability of peanut snacks and induced a preservative effect on their aroma, especially during the first 15 days of storage. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Canine models of spine disorders
Authors: Lee Naomi N. , Kramer Jacob S. , Stoker Aaron M. , Bozynski Chantelle C. , Cook Cristi R. , Stannard James T. , Choma Theodore J. , Cook James L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeck and low back pain are common among the adult human population and impose large social and economic burdens on health care and quality of life. Spine‐related disorders are also significant health concerns for canine companions with etiopathogeneses, clinical presentations, and diagnostic and therapeutic options that are very similar to their human counterparts. Historically, induced and spontaneous pathology in laboratory rodents, dogs, sheep, goats, pigs, and nonhuman primates have been used for study of human spine disorders. While each of these can serve as useful preclinical models, they all have inherent limitations. Spontaneously occurring spine disorders in dogs provide highly translatable data that overcome many of the limitations of other models and have the added benefit of contributing to veterinary healthcare as well. For this scoping review, peer‐reviewed manuscripts were selected from PubMed and Google Scholar searches using keywords: “intervertebral disc,” “intervertebral disc degeneration,” “biomarkers,” “histopathology,” “canine,” and “mechanism.” Additional keywords such as “injury,” “induced model,” and “nucleus degeneration” were used to further narrow inclusion. The objectives of this review were to (a) outline similarities in key features of spine disorders between dogs and humans; (b) describe relevant canine models; and (c) highlight the applicability of these models for advancing translational research and clinical application for mechanisms of disease, diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and treatment, with a focus on intervertebral disc degeneration. Best current evidence suggests that dogs share important anatomical, physiological, histological, and molecular components of spinal disorders in humans, such that induced and spontaneous canine models can be very effective for translational research. Taken together, the peer‐reviewed literature supports numerous advantages for use of canine models for study of disorders of the spine when the potential limitations and challenges are addressed.
Impact of Psychologic Burden on Surgical Outcome in Empty Nose Syndrome
Authors: Huang Chien‐Chia , Wu Pei‐Wen , Fu Chia‐Hsiang , Huang Chi‐Che , Chang Po‐Hung , Lee Ta‐Jen 
Published: July 2020

Objectives /HypothesisEmpty nose syndrome (ENS) is a complicated condition currently thought to be caused by excessive surgical resection of turbinate tissue. Patients with ENS experienced significant psychological symptoms, such as depression and anxiety. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the psychological burden on the surgical outcome of ENS.Study DesignProspective case series in a tertiary medical center.MethodsPatients with ENS were prospectively recruited between 2015 and 2018. Validated instruments including the Sinonasal Outcome Test‐25 (SNOT‐25), Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to evaluate patients with ENS prior to and 3, 6, and 12 months after nasal reconstruction surgery with submucosal Medpor implantation.ResultsA total of 54 ENS patients were enrolled during the study period. All three evaluations revealed significant improvement, and symptoms stabilized 3 months after surgery. Six months post‐operatively, SNOT‐25 scores were significantly associated with the pre‐operative BDI‐II and BAI scores (β = 0.64 and 0.87; P = .006 and <.001, respectively). Multivariate regression model revealed that only BAI scores were significantly associated with the six‐month post‐operative SNOT‐25 scores (adjusted β = 0.49, P = .036). Moreover, Spearman's correlation found close relationships between the post‐operative SNOT‐25 and the post‐operative BDI‐II and BAI scores (rs = 0.751 and 0.884, both P < .001).ConclusionsPsychological evaluation can help predict surgical outcomes and identify patients with residual disease. These findings emphasize the importance of screening for psychological symptoms and structuring care by including psychological therapy in addition to surgery.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 131:E694–E701, 2021
A Population‐Based Analysis of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Wang Yiting , Wang Shijie , Zhang Bingyang 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo identify survival outcomes for patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the oral cavity and the effects of different prognostic factors on survival.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study using a national database.MethodsRetrospective, population‐based cohort study of patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database who were diagnosed with MEC of the oral cavity from 1973 to 2016. Overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were calculated.ResultsA total of 1693 patients with MEC of the oral cavity were included. Of those, there are 696 males and 997 females, the average age at diagnosis being 52.4 years. The vast majority of cases (86.4%) presented with stage I and stage II disease. A total of 206 patients had received both surgical and radiation therapy (RT), while 1338 patients just had undergone only surgery and 149 with no treatment. On multivariate analysis, advanced age, stage, and histologic grade were associated with worse OS and DSS. Surgical therapy was an independent favorable predictor of OS and DSS. For radiotherapy, multivariate analysis showed that it was associated with worse DSS, whereas there was no significant difference in OS.ConclusionMEC of the oral cavity is associated with a generally favorable prognosis. Advanced age, stage, and histologic grade were independent negative prognostic factors for survival, and surgery was the main treatment to improve survival.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E857–E863, 2021
Childbirth and Delayed Parkinson's Onset: A Reproducible Nonbiological Artifact of Societal Change
Authors: MacAskill Michael R. , Myall Daniel J. , Shoorangiz Reza , Anderson Tim J. , Pitcher Toni L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundUncontrolled studies have reported associations between later Parkinson's disease onset in women and a history of giving birth, with age at onset delayed by nearly 3 years per child. We tested this association in two independent data sets, but, as a control to test for nonbiological explanations, also included men with PD.MethodsWe analyzed valid cases from the Parkinson's Progressive Markers Initiative incident sample (145 women, 276 men) and a prevalent sample surveyed by the New Zealand Brain Research Institute (210 women, 394 men).ResultsThe association was present in both women and men in the Parkinson's Progressive Markers Initiative study, and absent in both in the New Zealand Brain Research Institute study. This is consistent with generational differences common to men and women, which confound with age at onset in incident‐dominant samples.ConclusionsDespite being replicable in certain circumstances, associations between childbirth and later PD onset are an artifact of generational cohort differences. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Nonfragile predictive control for an omnidirectional rehabilitative training walker with constraints on the tracking errors of position and velocity
Authors: Sun Ping , Zhang Shuai , Wang Shuoyu , Chang Hongbin 
Published: July 2020

SummaryHere, we propose a novel nonfragile predictive control method for an omnidirectional rehabilitative training walker. The aim of the study was to design a tracking controller that includes simultaneous constraints on the tracking errors in the position and velocity in order to guarantee safe system states for the omnidirectional walker. The nonfragile controller uses incremental control to solve the optimal quadratic program problem. The exponential stability of the system is guaranteed by constructing constraints on the trajectory‐tracking error and the velocity‐tracking error. Simulation and experimental testing were conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method and verify that it can provide safe positions and velocities when applied to control the motion of an omnidirectional walker.
Hypoxic induction of CCN2 mRNA through p38 MAP kinase activation in the human chondrosarcoma‐derived cell line, HCS‐2/8
Authors: Yoshino Aya , Hashiguchi Shiho , Mano Ryosuke , Kondo Seiji , Kubota Satoshi , Takigawa Masaharu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCCN2/CTGF (cellular communication network factor 2/connective tissue growth factor) plays critical roles in cartilage development, maintenance, and regeneration. Hypoxia‐induced expression of CCN2 mRNA is regulated post‐transcriptionally in the human chondrosarcoma‐derived cell line, HCS‐2/8. In the present study, the hypoxia‐induced increase in CCN2 mRNA expression was assessed with quantitative real‐time PCR in HCS‐2/8 cells in the presence of inhibitors of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Subsequently, the stability of CCN2 mRNA in hypoxia was evaluated with mRNA degradation assays in the presence or absence of the selective p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580. We detected phosphorylation of p38 MAPK by immunoblot analysis within 30 minutes in hypoxia, and we observed ~twofold higher CCN2 mRNA levels in hypoxia compared to normoxia. Blockade of p38 MAPK activation with 10 µmol/L SB203580 abolished this CCN2 induction. Furthermore, we found that inhibition of p38 MAPK suppressed the elongation of CCN2 mRNA half‐life in hypoxia. Taken together, these findings suggest that the molecular mechanism, by which CCN2 mRNA expression is increased in hypoxia, induces the activation of p38 MAPK leading to the post‐transcriptional regulation of the stability of CCN2 mRNA.