bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proportion and Total of Commodities Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) Catches in Gebang Mekar Village, Cirebon Regency, West Java Using Crab Gillnet and Collapsible Crab Trap
Authors: Gumilar Iwang , Supriadi Dedi , Shabrina Nabilla , Khan Alexander M. A. 
Published: August 2020

Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is one of the high economic value commodities which causes increased efforts to catch blue swimming crab in Indonesia. The effort of catching continues to increase the blue swimming crab resources in the nature that has decreased. Cirebon Regency is one of the largest blue swimming crab fishing centers in West Java with a total value of blue swimming crab production in 2017 by 7,347 tons/year. This research was conducted to determine the selecitivity level of the crab gillnet and collapsible crab trap based on the proportion and total of catches obtained in Gebang Mekar Village, Cirebon Regency. Research was conducted in September 2019 – October 2019 in Gebang Mekar Village. For this research we used are primary data; collected directly during the observations includes catch type and weight of the catches and then interviews with several crab gillnet and collapsible crab trap fisherman and secondary data; data from official agencies and some literature. Our research suppose the moonlight phase effect of the blue swimming crab catch. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the crab gillnet with 3.5 inch mesh size and collapsible crab trap that operated in Gebang Mekar Village may be called a selective fishing gears but crab gillnet is more eficient as compared to collapsible crab.
Impact of Soil Management Techniques on Ecological Integrity and Sustainable Apple Growing in Kashmir Valley
Authors: Rehman Munib Ur , Bhat Barkat Hussain , Waida Umar Iqbal , Tak Zubair Ahmad , Shujat Syed 
Published: August 2020

An experiment was conducted to study the role of soil mechanization on ecological integrity and yield attributes in apple cultivation. In the experiment, soil management techniques were applied on low density apple orchards (Red delicious/ seedling) continuously for four years in the tree rows and the drive allays, and results were obtained at the end of 4th year in 2017. The experiment was constructed under following design: NT) no-tillage with multi –species ground cover moved twice during growing season; MT) Reduced tillage with two ploughings a year (20-25 cm deep) one at the sowing time of intercrop (mustard) during November-December and second after harvesting the intercrop during May; and CT) Four ploughings (20-25 cm deep) in a year with no grass or cover crop. Treatment effects were compared using one-way analysis of varience (ANOVA), and to separate means, Tukey multiple comparisons were used. Results claimed that soil nesting bees, which are valuable pollinators and benefit growers in the form of readily available pollination services, were abundantly found in undisturbed soils (NT) and also enhanced fruit yield (fruit set, fruit retention, seed content and fruit weight). Earth worm saturation, soil moisture conservation and organic carbon content were better maintained under this soil management practice. Maximum available soil nitrogen (198.35 kg/ha) and phosphorus (62.63 kg/ha) were also obtained under NT conditions. Moreover, in case of mustard intercropped plots, although the bee abundance was good but fruit yield recorded was low.
In vivo Antimalarial Activities of Five Ugandan Medicinal Plants on Plasmodium berghei in Mice
Authors: Ajayi Clement Olusoji , Elujoba Anthony Adebolu , Okella Hedmon , Oloro Joseph , Raymond Atwine , Weisheit Anke , Tolo Casim Umba , Ogwang Patrick Engeu 
Published: August 2020

Aim: Medicinal plants have played an important role in the treatment of different ailments including malaria in developing countries particularly in Africa. This study has evaluated the antimalarial activities of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. (Poaceae), Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae), Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Grey (Asteraceae) and Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Asteraceae) which are commonly-used for malaria treatment in Uganda.
Study Design: This is an experimental laboratory report on antimalarial activities of some Ugandan medicinal plants for subsequent profiling in an herbal pharmacopoeia and eventual drug development.
Place and Duration of Study: The Animal Research Facility and the Clinical and Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda, between July 2019 and March 2020.
Methodology: The antimalarial activity of the hot infusion of each leaf was evaluated on chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected mice using 4-day test at 100 – 400 mg/kg with chloroquine (10 mg/kg) and artemether-lumefantrine (4 mg/kg) as positive controls; and distilled water as negative control. The observed haematological responses of the animals were determined with an automated haematometer.
Results: The results showed dose-dependent activities in the animals treated with the extract of each plant leaf in varying degrees. Thus, V. amygdalina and T. diversifolia showed the highest antimalarial activities with the chemosuppression values of 75% and 66% at 400 mg/kg, respectively. The results of V. amygdalina, T. diversifolia and M. oleifera, extracts gave the lowest ED50 of 141, 195 and 231 mg/kg, respectively being significantly different from A. indica (ED50 319 mg/kg) and C. citratus (ED50 346 mg/kg) with V. amygdalina as the most potent extract among the five plant leaves.
Conclusion: The observed activities of the five plants have therefore supported their folkloric uses as antimalarial remedies by the Ugandan traditional medicine practitioners with obvious potentials for drug development.
Postural Dysfuctions and Strabismus: Correlations
Authors: Sabetti L. , Ciancaglini M. , Guetti F. , Murano G. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose: Patient with strabismus may assume a compensatory posture. Posturology treats patients with abnormal head position through the stimulation of foot, ocular and stomatognathic receptors. As an alternation of one or more receptor occurs, the tonic postural system seeks to carer for this problems by adopting compensatory postures (scoliosis, abnormalities of distribution of the podalic load, abnormal head position). The extrinsic eye muscles, the head, neck and tongue muscles arise from the occipital somites: probably this explains the relationship between the ocular misalignment and abnormal posture. The objective of this work is to evaluate the relationships between oculomotor e postural defects.
Methods: N = 47 patients received a comprehensive ophthalmologic and orthoptic examination. They underwent baropodometric and stabilometric examinations.
Results: Our sample group included 37 patients with exodeviation, 17 patients with esodeviation. We observed: flat foot with an incidence rate of 83.33% (25 out of 33) in exotropic subjects; pes cavus with an incidence rate of 16.66% (5 out of 30) in exotropic subjects; flat foot with an incidence rate of 23.52% (4 out of 17) in esotropic subjects; pes cavus with an incidence rate of 76.47% (13 out of 17) in esotropic subjects. Clinical physiatry observation of patients with Eso/Exo deviations prove a considerable turn-out of postural disorders: lumbar scoliosis (76.47%).
Conclusions: In our sample, patients with exodeviation have flat feet (83.33%); the subjects with esodeviation have pes cavus (76.47%). However, there is a widely recognized need for a further extensive study and evaluation of the results obtained regarding binocular vision and posture.
Educação, trabalho e movimentos sociais: uma reflexão crítica da educação popular no Brasil
Authors: Nascimento Acacio Figueredo , Martins Gomes Bianca Sthephanny 
Published: August 2020

<p>As formas de trabalho estão sendo alteradas, juntamente com a destruição dos direitos sociais e trabalhistas da classe trabalhadora. Diante desse contexto é importante perceber que a fragmentação das práticas dos movimentos sociais é um desafio a ser superado. É essencial nessa perspectiva a compreensão do movimento da História, principalmente de ter uma inserção de forma crítica. Esse trabalho tem como propósito uma análise da relação Educação, Trabalho e Movimentos Sociais como possibilidade de uma reflexão crítica da Educação Popular no Brasil. Tem por objetivo tratar a relação Educação, Trabalho e Movimentos Sociais como pressupostos intrínsecos que se interligam, através da reflexão crítica da Educação Popular. A metodologia empreendida será a revisão bibliográfica, baseada na tradição marxista e nos fundamentos históricos, filosóficos e educacionais críticos com vínculos objetivos à transformação das relações sociais nos diversos campos – do trabalho, da cultura, da educação, dos movimentos sociais. Se conclui que há uma relação entre Educação, Trabalho e Movimentos Sociais nos processos educativos de Educação Popular. Acreditamos que a Educação Popular hodierna deverá estar vinculada aos processos educativos e tecnológicos dos movimentos populares. Esse pressuposto define o que seja crítico nesse campo.</p>
As contribuições de Clara Zetkin para as lutas feminista, anticapitalista e antifascista.
Authors: Rocha Qelli Viviane Dias , Silveira Ana Paula 
Published: August 2020

<p>As relações sociais de produção e reprodução tem desde a origem da família, da propriedade privada e do Estado, ou seja, da modernidade estabelecido campos de atuação distintos, mediados pelo Patriarcado se expressado, em espaços desiguais. Apesar das conquistas no campo jurídico e político as mulheres ainda são oprimidas e subordinadas à exploração capitalista. Desde a revolução Russa em 1917, até hoje, as questões estruturais tais como creches, lavanderias, restaurantes públicos; etc, equipamentos sociais que facilitariam a participação política e econômica das mulheres, ainda hoje são bastante limitadas, quando não, destruídas por governos autoritários, ditatoriais e fascistas. O artigo ora apresentado, evidencia as contribuições da vanguardista comunista Clara Zetkin na luta pela emancipação e autonomia das mulheres. </p>
Modeling the Dynamic Power‐to‐Gas Process: Coupling Electrolysis with CO2 Methanation
Authors: Kreitz Bjarne , Brauns Jörn , Wehinger Gregor D. , Turek Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe dynamic operation of a power‐to‐gas plant powered by wind energy is theoretically studied by coupling an empirical model of an alkaline water electrolyzer with a 1D heterogeneous model of a methanation reactor. H2 produced by the electrolyzer follows the wind power profile, but operation in the part‐load range can raise safety concerns. The dynamically generated methane quality comes close to the required value for injection into the gas grid, if the stoichiometric ratio is controlled. To satisfy the gas quality at all times, it is necessary to design a more tolerant reactor.
Optimization of quinacridone magenta, Cu‐phthalocyanine cyan, and arylide yellow ink films formulated for maximum color gamut
Authors: Borenstain Shmuel , Bar‐Haim Gil , Goldshtein Keren , Cohen‐Taguri Gili 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInvestigation of ink formulation options with the purpose to obtain color‐gamut‐optimal set of Cyan Magenta and Yellow CMY inks is reported. Implementation of the thickness dependent Kubelka‐Munk model on multiple ink layers having different and well‐defined thicknesses, provides characteristic absorption and scattering (K, S) spectra of the ink ingredients. These data enable accurate computation of the reflectance spectrum and thus the L*a*b* color coordinates for any given ink thickness or substrate. Pigment materials investigated are quinacridone as magenta, copper‐phthalocyanine as cyan, and arylide yellow. Scaling the peak of the absorption band to the number of molecules per unit area for the specific pigments studied in this article provides the molar extinction coefficients, 1.21 × 104, 4.7 × 104, and 3.3 × 104 cm2/millimole respectively, regardless of the different ink formulations used, in accord with Avogadro's principle. Having a set of three pairs of K, S spectra is used to compute the color gamut of any CMY color combination in the L*a*b* space as a function of ink layer thickness and formulation. Using an iterative algorithm, a color‐gamut‐optimal set of CMY inks is obtained.
Using environmental similarities to design training sets for genomewide selection
Authors: Neyhart Jeffrey L. , Gutiérrez Lucía , Smith Kevin P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn plant breeding, the goal of genomewide selection is to predict the merit of unobserved individuals, particularly those in the next breeding generation. Predictions of these individuals in unobserved or future environments would be of additional use to a breeder. For many of the complex traits targeted in breeding, this may require management of genotype × environment interactions by, for example, using data from homogeneous groups of environments. Our objectives were to assess the accuracy of genomewide predictions in unobserved environments both within and between breeding generations; we aimed to compare training sets that included data from all possible environments with those that included data from (a) decreasingly similar environments or (b) discrete clusters of similar environments. A 183‐line spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) training population and 50‐line offspring test population were phenotyped in 29 location–year environments for grain yield, heading date, and plant height. Environmental similarities were measured using phenotypic data, geographic distance, or environmental covariables. When using training data from more, but decreasingly similar environments, prediction accuracy increased, but marginal gains declined; in some cases, accuracy declined with additional data. Clusters of environments informed by phenotypes (i.e., phenotypic correlations or multiplicative models) typically improved prediction accuracy within a generation, but not between generations (offspring population). Our study suggests that, as an alternative to using data from all available environments, informative subsets may be advantageous for genomewide predictions within a single breeding generation, but not between generations.
Colony‐age‐dependent variation in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in subterranean termite colonies
Authors: Gordon Johnalyn M. , Šobotník Jan , Chouvenc Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) have, in insects, important physiological and ecological functions, such as protection against desiccation and as semiochemicals in social taxa, including termites. CHCs are, in termites, known to vary qualitatively and/or quantitatively among species, populations, castes, or seasons. Changes to hydrocarbon profile composition have been linked to varying degrees of aggression between termite colonies, although the variability of results among studies suggests that additional factors might have been involved. One source of such variability may be colony age, as termite colony demographics significantly change over time, with different caste and instar compositions throughout the life of the colony. We here hypothesize that the intracolonial chemical profile heterogeneity would be high in incipient termite colonies but would homogenize over time as a colony ages and accumulates older workers in improved homeostatic conditions. We studied caste‐specific patterns of CHC profiles in Coptotermes gestroi colonies of four different age classes (6, 18, 30, and 42 months). The CHC profiles were variable among castes in the youngest colonies, but progressively converged toward a colony‐wide homogenized chemical profile. Young colonies had a less‐defined CHC identity, which implies a potentially high acceptance threshold for non‐nestmates conspecifics in young colonies. Our results also suggest that there was no selective pressure for an early‐defined colony CHC profile to evolve in termites, potentially allowing an incipient colony to merge nonagonistically with another conspecific incipient colony, with both colonies indirectly and passively avoiding mutual destruction as a result.
Frontline Science: Characterization and regulation of osteoclast precursors following chronic Porphyromonas gingivalis infection
Authors: Zhao Yanfang , Li Zhaofei , Su Lingkai , Ballesteros-Tato Andre , Katz Jannet , Michalek Suzanne M , Feng Xu , Zhang Ping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Bone destruction in inflammatory osteolytic diseases including periodontitis is related to excessive activity of osteoclasts (OC), which originate from precursor cells of the myeloid lineage, termed osteoclast precursors (OCP). In contrast to ample knowledge that we currently have on mature OC, little is known about OCP and their regulation during bacterial infection. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and characterize OCP following chronic infection with a periodontal bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). We used a microosmotic pump to continually release Pg subcutaneously in a murine model. Two weeks after Pg infection, the frequency of CD11b+c-fms+Ly6Chi population is significantly elevated within the bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood. In vitro and in vivo studies identified these cells as the OCP-containing population and Pg infection significantly enhanced the osteoclastogenic activity of these cells. Furthermore, mRNA sequencing analysis indicated a unique gene and pathway profile in CD11b+c-fms+Ly6Chi population following Pg infection, with changes in genes and pathways related to OC differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis, inflammatory response, phagocytosis, and immunity, as well as antigen processing and presentation. Moreover, using IL-6 knockout mice, we found that IL-6 is important for Pg-induced accumulation of CD11b+c-fms+Ly6Chi population from the bone marrow and periphery. Our results provide new insight into the characterization and regulation of OCP following a chronic bacterial infection. This knowledge is relevant to the understanding of the pathogenesis of bacteria-induced bone loss, and to the identification of potential therapeutic targets of bone loss diseases.
Novel Antimicrobial Coating on Silicone Contact Lens Using Glycidyl Methacrylate and Polyethyleneimine Based Polymers
Authors: Pillai Suresh Kumar Raman , Reghu Sheethal , Vikhe Yogesh , Zheng Hou , Koh Chong Hui , Chan‐Park Mary B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractContact lenses are medical devices commonly used to correct refractive errors and to maintain ocular health. Microorganisms such as bacteria that grow on the lens surface cause irritation to the eyes and can even cause loss of vision. In this paper, two different coating strategies are employed to form an efficient antimicrobial coating on contact lenses. In the first method, a presynthesized copolymer of polyethyleneimine‐graft‐polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEI‐PEGMA) is used and the coated lenses show antimicrobial activity (in vitro) against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria with killing efficacy >99.99% and log reduction of 5.1 and proxy host cell viability of 79%. In the second method, commercially available monomers/polymers such as glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), sulfobetaine methacrylate, and polyethyleneimine are used. A typical formulation consisting of 1% GMA shows antibacterial activity against MRSA with killing efficacy >99.99% and log reduction of 6.3. Proxy host cell viability for the coated lenses is found to be 90% indicating that the coating is nontoxic. Antibacterial coating reported here is very effective in killing gram‐positive bacteria such as MRSA and S. aureus. The second method using commercially available monomers/polymers involving a simple coating procedure is also easily scalable.
Thioacetate‐Based Initiators for the Synthesis of Thiol‐End‐Functionalized Poly(2‐oxazoline)s
Authors: Gil Alvaradejo Gabriela , Glassner Mathias , Kumar Ravi , Trouillet Vanessa , Welle Alexander , Wang Yangxin , de la Rosa Victor R. , Sekula‐Neuner Sylwia , Hirtz Michael , Hoogenboom Richard , Delaittre Guillaume 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNew functional initiators for the cationic ring‐opening polymerization of 2‐alkyl‐2‐oxazolines are described to introduce a thiol moiety at the α terminus. Both tosylate and nosylate initiators carrying a thioacetate group are obtained in multigram scale, from commercial reagents in two steps, including a phototriggered thiol–ene radical addition. The nosylate derivative gives access to a satisfying control over the cationic ring‐opening polymerization of 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline, with dispersity values lower than 1.1 during the entire course of the polymerization, until full conversion. Cleavage of the thioacetate end group is rapidly achieved using triazabicyclodecene, thereby leading to a mercapto terminus. The latter gives access to a new subgeneration of α‐functional poly(2‐oxazoline)s (butyl ester, N‐hydroxysuccinimidyl ester, furan) by Michael addition with commercial (meth)acrylates. The amenability of the mercapto‐poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) for covalent surface patterning onto acrylated surfaces is demonstrated in a microchannel cantilever spotting (µCS) experiment, characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS).
Organocatalytic Michael Addition as a Method for Polyisobutylene Chain‐End Functionalization
Authors: Kulai Ihor , Karpus Andrii , Bergbreiter David E. , Al‐Hashimi Mohammed , Bazzi Hassan S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFunctionalization of polyolefins, in particular polyisobutylene, remains a relatively unexplored application for the Michael reaction. This work evaluates the potential of polyisobutylene acrylate (PIBA) chain‐end modification via organocatalyzed thiol‐Michael and aza‐Michael additions. A series of chain‐end functional polyisobutylene oligomers are prepared using “click” reactions of thiols or amines to PIBA in the presence of 0.02 equivalents of organocatalyst. Reaction kinetics and chain‐end transformations are monitored using NMR spectroscopy and the macromolecular products are characterized by size exclusion chromatography. Further potential of this synthetic strategy is illustrated by thiol‐Michael addition of thiols formed in situ via nucleophilic thiolactone ring opening. The obtained results provide an efficient method for the preparation of functional polyisobutylene oligomers that can be utilized in a broad range of potential applications.
Temporal twilight zone and beyond: Timing mechanisms in consciously delayed actions
Authors: Yang Taoxi , Li Xiaoxuan , Li Yao , Pöppel Ernst , Bao Yan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrecise timing is essential for many kinds of human behavior. When a fastest response is not required, movements are initiated at the appropriate time requiring an anticipatory temporal component. Temporal mechanisms for movements with such an anticipatory component are not yet sufficiently understood; in particular, it is not known whether on the operational level for delayed movements distinct time windows are used or whether anticipatory control is characterized by continuous temporal processing. With a modified reaction‐time paradigm, we asked participants to act with predefined time delays between 400 and 5000 ms; after each individual trial, a numerical feedback was provided which allowed correction of the response time for each next trial. Visual stimuli (Experiment 1) and auditory stimuli (Experiment 2) were used. In the statistical analyses, piecewise linear models and exponential decay models for the response variability of different delay times were compared. These analyses favored piecewise linear models; a decreasing variability with increasing delay of voluntary controlled actions was observed up to ~1 s, followed by close to constant variability beyond this delay. We suggest that precise temporal control of voluntary delayed movements is reached only after a “temporal twilight zone” of ~1 s, which apparently marks a temporal border between two different timing mechanisms.