bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Cellulo Protein Semi‐Synthesis from Endogenous and Exogenous Fragments Using the Ultra‐Fast Split Gp41‐1 Intein
Authors: Bhagawati Maniraj , Hoffmann Simon , Höffgen Katharina S. , Piehler Jacob , Busch Karin B. , Mootz Henning D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProtein semi‐synthesis inside live cells from exogenous and endogenous parts offers unique possibilities for studying proteins in their native context. Split‐intein‐mediated protein trans‐splicing is predestined for such endeavors and has seen some successes, but a much larger variety of established split inteins and associated protocols is urgently needed. We characterized the association and splicing parameters of the Gp41‐1 split intein, which favorably revealed a nanomolar affinity between the intein fragments combined with the exceptionally fast splicing rate. Following bead‐loading of a chemically modified intein fragment precursor into live mammalian cells, we fluorescently labeled target proteins on their N‐ and C‐termini with short peptide tags, thus ensuring minimal perturbation of their structure and function. In combination with a nuclear‐entrapment strategy to minimize cytosolic fluorescence background, we applied our technique for super‐resolution imaging and single‐particle tracking of the outer mitochondrial protein Tom20 in HeLa cells.
Monochromophore‐Based Phosphorescence and Fluorescence from Pure Organic Assemblies for Ratiometric Hypoxia Detection
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Qin , Zhang Ke , Gao Jian‐Feng , Chen Yu‐Zhe , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHypoxia is a parameter related to many diseases. Ratiometric hypoxia probes often rely on a combination of an O2‐insensitive fluorophore and an O2‐sensitive phosphor in a polymer matrix, which require high cost and multi‐step synthesis of transition metal complexes. The two‐chromophore hypoxia probes encounter unfavorable energy transfer processes and different stabilities of the chromophores. Reported herein is a pure organic ratiometric hypoxia nanoprobe, assembled by a monochromophore, naphthalimide ureidopyrimidinone (BrNpA‐UPy), bridged by a bis‐UPy‐functionalized benzyl skeleton. The joint factors of quadruple hydrogen bonding, the rigid backbone of UPy, and bromine substitution of the naphthalimide derivative facilitate bright phosphorescence (ΦP=7.7 %, τP=3.2 ms) and fluorescence of the resultant nanoparticles (SNPs) at room temperature, which enable accurate, ratiometric, sensitive oxygen detection (Ksv=189.6 kPa−1) in aqueous solution as well as in living HeLa cells.
Molecular Supracence Resolving Eight Colors in 300‐nm Width: Unprecedented Spectral Resolution
Authors: Wan Wei , Li Alexander D. Q. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMonitoring multiple molecular probes simultaneously establishes their correlations and reveals the holistic mechanism. Current fluorescence imaging, however, is limited to about four colors because of typically circa 100‐nm spectral width. Herein, we show that molecular supracence imparts superior spectral resolution, resolving eight colors in 300‐nm width, about 37.5‐nm per color. A recently discovered light‐molecule interacting phenomenon, supracence only measures molecular emission above its excitation energy due to entanglement between atomic quantum system and electronic quantum system. As such, supracence takes advantage of sharp spectral edge of a single pathway and excitation specificity to produce narrow bands, whereas fluorescence has to deal with multiple pathways spilling out low‐energy long tail, that causes poor resolution. Thus, supracence enables myriad innovative molecular spectroscopy and microscopic imaging with profound impact broadly.
Enantioselective Crystallization of Chiral Inorganic Crystals of ϵ‐Zn(OH)2 with Amino Acids
Authors: Otis Gil , Nassir Molhm , Zutta Michael , Saady Abed , Ruthstein Sharon , Mastai Yitzhak 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany inorganic materials can form crystals, but little is known about their enantioselective crystallization. Herein, we report on the enantioselective crystallization of ϵ‐Zn(OH)2 (Wulfingite) chiral crystals by using amino acids. Crystals of ϵ‐Zn(OH)2 were crystallized from supersaturated sodium hydroxide and zinc nitrate aqueous solutions in the presence of l‐ or d‐arginine. All of the chiral measurements, such as selective chiral adsorption by circular dichroism (CD), chiral chromatography, and polarimetry measurements, clearly show chiral discrimination during the crystallization of ϵ‐Zn(OH)2. In addition, a new method has been developed for identifying chirality in crystals by using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Although the values of chiral induction of the ϵ‐Zn(OH)2 crystals obtained are somewhat low, these values are still significant because they demonstrate that enantioselectivity during the crystallization of chiral inorganic crystals with chiral additives can be achieved. The method can be applied to many chiral inorganic systems. Understanding and controlling the crystallization of chiral inorganic crystals is important for gaining knowledge on the interaction of chiral molecules with inorganic surfaces. This knowledge can lead to an understanding of basic scientific questions such as the evolution of homochirality in biomolecules and the development of chiral inorganic crystals for a variety of purposes such as asymmetric catalysis and optical applications.
Wie weit wandert Energie in der DNA und verursacht Schäden? Nachweis des langreichweitigen Photoschadens in DNA
Authors: Kuhlmann Arthur , Bihr Larissa , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEine neue DNA‐Architektur ermöglicht zu untersuchen, wie weit Energie in DNA wandert und Cyclobutanpyrimidindimere (CPD) als Photoschäden, die Hautkrebs verursachen, bildet. Das Nucleosid des 3‐Methoxyxanthons erlaubt die ortsselektive Injektion von Lichtenergie in die DNA. Die designierte CPD‐Stelle, der die Phosphodiesterbindung fehlt, kann in definierten Distanzen platziert werden. Die CPD‐Bildung verbindet die beiden Oligonucleotide und erlaubt so die Analyse per Gelelektrophorese. Wir beobachteten eine sigmoidale Distanzabhängigkeit mit einem R0‐Wert von 25±3 Å. Unterhalb von R0 findet eine kurzreichweitige Energieübertragung mit geringer Distanzabhängigkeit statt, die charakteristisch für einen kohärenten Prozess ist. 5‐Methyl‐C als epigenetische Modifikation auf der 3′‐Seite erleichtert die CPD‐Bildung. Oberhalb von R0 findet eine inkohärente Energiewanderung über 30 A‐T‐Paare (105.4 Å) statt. Der Nachweis der CPD‐Bildung über eine derart lange Reichweite ist fundamental für unser Verständnis der DNA‐Photoschäden.
Selective Transfer Semihydrogenation of Alkynes with H2O (D2O) as the H (D) Source over a Pd‐P Cathode
Authors: Wu Yongmeng , Liu Cuibo , Wang Changhong , Lu Siyu , Zhang Bin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe reported a selective semihydrogenation (deuteration) of numerous terminal and internal alkynes using H2O (D2O) as the H (D) source over a Pd‐P alloy cathode at a lower potential. P‐doping caused the enhanced specific adsorption of alkynes and the promoted intrinsic activity for producing adsorbed atomic hydrogen (H*ads) from water electrolysis. The semihydrogenation of alkynes could be accomplished at a lower potential with up to 99 % selectivity and 78 % Faraday efficiency of alkene products, outperforming pure Pd and commercial Pd/C. This electrochemical semihydrogenation of alkynes might proceed via a H*ads addition pathway rather than a proton‐coupled electron transfer process. The decreased amount of H*ads at a lower potential and the more preferential adsorption of the Pd‐P to C≡C π bond than C=C moiety resulted in the excellent alkene selectivity. This method was capable of producing mono‐, di‐, and tri‐deuterated alkenes with up to 99 % deuterium incorporation.
Descriptor ΔGC‐O Enables the Quantitative Design of Spontaneously Blinking Rhodamines for Live‐Cell Super‐Resolution Imaging
Authors: Chi Weijie , Qiao Qinglong , Wang Chao , Zheng Jiazhu , Zhou Wei , Xu Ning , Wu Xia , Jiang Xiao , Tan Davin , Xu Zhaochao , Liu Xiaogang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHerein, we reported a simple, fast, and quantitative theoretical descriptor ΔGC‐O that allows accurate predictions of a wide range of spontaneously blinking rhodamines. ΔGC‐O denotes the Gibbs free energy differences between the closed and open forms of rhodamines and has a good linear relationship with experimental pKcycl values. This correlation affords an effective guide for the quantitative designs of spontaneously blinking rhodamines and eliminates trial‐and‐error. We have validated the predictive power of ΔGC‐O via the development of two spontaneously blinking rhodamines of different colors and enhanced brightness. We also demonstrated their super‐resolution imaging utilities in dynamic live‐cell imaging. We expect that ΔGC‐O will greatly facilitate the efficient creations of spontaneously blinking fluorophores and aid the advancements of super‐resolution bioimaging techniques.
A Photoconductive X‐ray Detector with a High Figure of Merit Based on an Open‐Framework Chalcogenide Semiconductor
Authors: Wu Sijie , Liang Chengyu , Zhang Jiaxu , Wu Zhou , Wang Xiao‐Li , Zhou Rui , Wang Yaxing , Wang Shuao , Li Dong‐Sheng , Wu Tao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA wide range of tunability in the physical parameters of a semiconductor used for X‐ray detection is desirable to achieve targeted performance optimization. However, in a dense‐phase semiconductor, fine‐tuning one parameter often leads to unwanted changes in other parameters. Herein, the intrinsic openness in an open‐framework semiconductor has been confirmed, for the first time, to be a key structural factor that weakens the mutual exclusivity of the adjustable physical parameters owing to a non‐linear control mechanism. The controllable doping of S in a zeolitic In–Se host results in an optimal balance between resistivity, band gap, and carrier mobility, which finally results in an excellent X‐ray detector with a high figure of merit for the mobility–lifetime product (7.12×10−4 cm2 V−1); this value is superior to that of a commercial α‐Se detector. The current strategy of choosing open‐framework semiconductor materials opens a new window for targeting high‐performance X‐ray detection.
A Simple Biosystem for the High‐Yielding Cascade Conversion of Racemic Alcohols to Enantiopure Amines
Authors: Tian Kaiyuan , Li Zhi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe amination of racemic alcohols to produce enantiopure amines is an important green chemistry reaction for pharmaceutical manufacturing, requiring simple and efficient solutions. Herein, we report the development of a cascade biotransformation to aminate racemic alcohols. This cascade utilizes an ambidextrous alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to oxidize a racemic alcohol, an enantioselective transaminase (TA) to convert the ketone intermediate to chiral amine, and isopropylamine to recycle PMP and NAD+ cofactors via the reversed cascade reactions. The concept was proven by using an ambidextrous CpSADH‐W286A engineered from (S)‐enantioselective CpSADH as the first example of evolving ambidextrous ADHs, an enantioselective BmTA, and isopropylamine. A biosystem containing isopropylamine and E. coli (CpSADH‐W286A/BmTA) expressing the two enzymes was developed for the amination of racemic alcohols to produce eight useful and high‐value (S)‐amines in 72–99 % yield and 98–99 % ee, providing with a simple and practical solution to this type of reaction.
Optimization of cinnamaldehyde microcapsule wall materials by experimental and quantitative methods
Authors: Li Mengting , Li Changgui , Zhou You , Tian Hua , Deng Qiaoyuan , Liu Haifang , Zhu Li , Yin Xueqiong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMicroencapsulation is a widely‐investigated technique used for the unstable material preservation since the wall materials prevent the core materials from loss and deterioration. To improve the stability of cinnamaldehyde (CAL), different microcapsule wall systems are fabricated by spray‐drying, and then characterized by experimental methods to determine the most suitable wall materials. Surface morphology, encapsulation efficiency, effective loading capacity, as well as moisture absorption property are evaluated, and the results suggest that a three‐matrix system of methyl cellulose (MC)/sodium alginate (SA)/MC or MC/carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC)/SA wall formulation is more suitable for CAL microencapsulation. Moreover, a novel quantitative method is also proposed to verify the most stable wall material microencapsulation. The quantitative results show that the highest activation energy (53.00 ± 2.24 kJ/mol) is observed for the MC/CMC/SA‐encapsulated CAL microcapsule. Taken together, the results suggest that MC/CMC/SA wall formulation shows excellent barrier properties and is superior to other wall materials in preventing microencapsulated CAL deterioration. This study will be efficient in designing an ideal capsule for CAL microencapsulation.
Understanding Indonesia's role in the ‘ASEAN Outlook on the Indo‐Pacific’: A role theory approach
Authors: Agastia I Gusti Bagus Dharma 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFollowing other regional powers, Indonesia announced its own interpretation of the Indo‐Pacific concept in 2018. Considering Indonesia's strategic position in the Indo‐Pacific, does this announcement indicate the prospects of a more active Indonesian role in the region? This article examines Indonesia's national role conception regarding the Indo‐Pacific concept. Drawing from the literature on role theory, particularly on role conception and role location, and by analysing foreign policy narratives espoused by dominant actors in the Indo‐Pacific region, this article finds Indonesia's articulation of the Indo‐Pacific concept as an example of role location within the new Indo‐Pacific structure, particularly in locating Indonesia's ‘middle power’ role. Dominant actors in the Indo‐Pacific have generally accepted Indonesia's Indo‐Pacific concept, which shows that Indonesia has managed to live up to expectations befitting of a middle power through its enactment of ‘regional leader’ and ‘bridge‐builder’ roles.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted pyrrolidines and pyrroles as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Ji Jiali , Sajjad Farrukh , You Qun , Xing Dong , Fan Hui , Reddy Alavala G. K. , Hu Wenhao , Dong Suzhen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA series of polysubstituted pyrrolidines obtained via ruthenium‐catalyzed cascade cyclization of diazo pyruvates and anilines as well as their corresponding pyrrole analogs obtained via dehydration were evaluated for their antiproliferation activities. Pyrrolidines 3h and 3k showed good proliferation inhibitory effects toward 10 cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 2.9 to 16 μM. Furthermore, pyrrolidine 3k induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and time‐ and dose‐dependent cellular apoptosis in both HCT116 and HL60 cells, suggesting that this type of pyrrolidine structure might be a good candidate for future anticancer therapies.
Reprogramming of antibiotics to combat antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Dubey Kashyap K. , Indu  , Sharma Manisha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis review outlines a literature‐based approach with illustrative examples of drug repurposing (one molecule, multiple targets), which will be useful in tackling the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Globally, the demands for new drugs have increased due to multidrug‐resistant pathogens and emerging viruses. Keeping these facts in view, drug repurposing started for utilization of a drug in a different way from a preexisting drug, which reduces the time and cost of development of a new drug. Repurposing increases the potency of a drug and reduces its toxicity level, as it is required in lower amounts, supporting the utilization of the drug as a new therapeutic option. This will be further explored to highlight the application in AMR.
Real‐time monitoring of quality attributes by in‐line Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic sensors at ultrafiltration and diafiltration of bioprocess
Authors: Wasalathanthri Dhanuka P. , Feroz Hasin , Puri Neha , Hung Jessica , Lane Gregory , Holstein Melissa , Chemmalil Letha , Both Douglas , Ghose Sanchayita , Ding Julia , Li Zheng Jian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTechnologies capable of monitoring product quality attributes and process parameters in real time are becoming popular due to the endorsement of regulatory agencies and also to support the agile development of biotherapeutic pipelines. The utility of vibrational spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform mid‐infrared (Mid‐IR) and multivariate data analysis (MVDA) models allows the prediction of multiple critical attributes simultaneously in real time. This study reports the use of Mid‐IR and MVDA model sensors for monitoring of multiple attributes (excipients and protein concentrations) in real time (measurement frequency of every 40 s) at ultrafiltration and diafiltration (UF/DF) unit operation of biologics manufacturing. The platform features integration of fiber optic Mid‐IR probe sensors to UF/DF set up at the bulk solution and through a flow cell at the retentate line followed by automated Mid‐IR data piping into a process monitoring software platform with pre‐loaded partial least square regression (PLS) chemometric models. Data visualization infrastructure is also built‐in to the platform so that upon automated PLS prediction of excipients and protein concentrations, the results were projected in a graphical or numerical format in real time. The Mid‐IR predicted concentrations of excipients and protein show excellent correlation with the offline measurements by traditional analytical methods. Absolute percent difference values between Mid‐IR predicted results and offline reference assay results were ≤5% across all the excipients and the protein of interest; which shows a great promise as a reliable process analytical technology tool.
“Designer babies?!” A CRISPR‐based learning module for undergraduates built around the CCR5 gene
Authors: Pieczynski Jay N. , Kee Hooi Lynn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCRISPR‐cas technology is being incorporated into undergraduate biology curriculum through lab experiences to immerse students in modern technology that is rapidly changing the landscape of science, medicine and agriculture. We developed and implemented an educational module that introduces students to CRISPR‐cas technology in a Genetic course and an Advanced Genetics course. Our primary teaching objective was to immerse students in the design, strategy, conceptual modeling, and application of CRISPR‐cas technology using the current research claim of the modification of the CCR5 gene in twin girls. This also allowed us to engage students in an open conversation about the bioethical implications of heritable germline and non‐heritable somatic genomic editing. We assessed student‐learning outcomes and conclude that this learning module is an effective strategy for teaching undergraduates the fundamentals and application of CRISPR‐cas gene editing technology and can be adapted to other genes and diseases that are currently being treated with CRISPR‐cas technology.
Clinicopathological characteristics and survival of spinal cord astrocytomas
Authors: Zhang Yao‐Wu , Chai Rui‐Chao , Cao Ren , Jiang Wen‐Ju , Liu Wei‐Hao , Xu Yu‐Lun , Yang Jun , Wang Yong‐Zhi , Jia Wen‐Qing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDue to their rarity, the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of spinal cord gliomas are still unclear. Here, we aimed to clarify these issues in a cohort of 108 spinal cord astrocytomas.MethodsWe characterized the clinicopathological characteristics, including 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) grade, age, sex, location, segment length, resection, pre‐ and postsurgery, Modified McCormick Scale (MMS), radio‐ and chemotherapy, and Ki‐67 and H3 K27M mutations, in 108 spinal cord astrocytomas through heatmaps. The Cox regression analysis and Kaplan‐Meier curves were used to study the prognostic value of these clinicopathological features.ResultsThere are a total 38 H3 K27M‐mutant tumors, including 31 cases with histological grade II/III tumors. The age of low‐grade astrocytoma patients (WHO grade I/II, n = 54) was significantly younger (27.0 vs 35.5 years, P = .001) than those with high‐grade tumors (WHO grade III/IV, n = 54). All patients underwent surgical resection with neurophysiological monitoring, and the surgery did not result in significant changes in MMS. The presurgery MMS was associated with overall survival in the high‐grade subgroup (P = .008) but not in the low‐grade subgroup (P = .312). While, the high content of resection improved the survival of only patients with low‐grade astrocytomas (P = .016) but not those with high‐grade astrocytomas (P = .475). Both the low‐grade and high‐grade astrocytomas had no obvious benefit from neither adjuvant chemotherapy nor radiotherapy (all P > .05).ConclusionsWe characterized the clinicopathological characteristics and their prognostic values in 108 spinal cord astrocytomas, which could help with evidence‐based management of spinal cord astrocytomas.
Immunogenic Cell Death of Breast Cancer Stem Cells Induced by an Endoplasmic Reticulum‐Targeting Copper(II) Complex
Authors: Kaur Pooja , Johnson Alice , Northcote‐Smith Joshua , Lu Chunxin , Suntharalingam Kogularamanan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImmunogenic cell death (ICD) offers a method of stimulating the immune system to attack and remove cancer cells. We report a copper(II) complex containing a Schiff base ligand and a polypyridyl ligand, 4, capable of inducing ICD in breast cancer stem cells (CSCs). Complex 4 kills both bulk breast cancer cells and breast CSCs at sub‐micromolar concentrations. Notably, 4 exhibits greater potency (one order of magnitude) towards breast CSCs than salinomycin (an established breast CSC‐potent agent) and cisplatin (a clinically approved anticancer drug). Epithelial spheroid studies show that 4 is able to selectively inhibit breast CSC‐enriched HMLER‐shEcad spheroid formation and viability over non‐tumorigenic breast MCF10 A spheroids. Mechanistic studies show that 4 operates as a Type II ICD inducer. Specifically, 4 readily enters the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of breast CSCs, elevates intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, induces ER stress, evokes damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and promotes breast CSC phagocytosis by macrophages. As far as we are aware, 4 is the first metal complex to induce ICD in breast CSCs and promote their engulfment by immune cells.