bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient involvement in interprofessional education: A qualitative study yielding recommendations on incorporating the patient’s perspective
Authors: Romme Sjim , Bosveld Matthijs H. , Van Bokhoven Marloes A. , De Nooijer Jascha , Van den Besselaar Hélène , Van Dongen Jerôme J. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatient involvement in interprofessional education (IPE) is a new approach in fostering person‐centeredness and collaborative competencies in undergraduate students. We developed the Patient As a Person (PAP‐)module to facilitate students in learning from experts by experience (EBEs) living with chronic conditions, in an interprofessional setting. This study aimed to explore the experiences of undergraduate students, EBEs and facilitators with the PAP‐module and formulate recommendations on the design and organization of patient involvement in IPE.MethodsWe collected data from students, EBEs and facilitators, through eight semi‐structured focus group interviews and two individual interviews (N = 51). The interviews took place at Maastricht University, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences and Regional Training Center Leeuwenborgh. Conventional content analysis revealed key themes.ResultsStudents reported that learning from EBEs in an interprofessional setting yielded a more comprehensive approach and made them empathize with EBEs. Facilitators found it challenging to address multiple demands from students from different backgrounds and diverse EBEs. EBEs were motivated to improve the person‐centredness of health care and welcomed a renewed sense of purpose.ConclusionsThis study yielded six recommendations: (a) students from various disciplines visit an EBE to foster a comprehensive approach, (b) groups of at least two students visit EBEs, (c) students may need aftercare for which facilitators should be receptive, (d) EBEs need clear instruction on their roles, (e) multiple EBEs in one session create diversity in perspectives and (f) training programmes and peer‐to‐peer sessions for facilitators help them to interact with diverse students and EBEs.
Inflammatory biomarkers in dentinal fluid as an approach to molecular diagnostics in pulpitis
Authors: Brizuela C. , Meza G. , Mercadé M. , Inostroza C. , Chaparro A. , Bravo I. , Briceño C. , Hernández M. , Giner L. , Ramírez V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo explore a set of inflammatory biomarkers obtained from dentinal fluid (DF) from patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (IP), reversible pulpitis (RP) and normal pulp (NP).MethodologyA cross‐sectional exploratory study was performed, recruiting 64 patients on the basis of their respective pulp condition. DF samples were obtained from all patients (23, from IP patients; 20, from RP patients; and 21, from NP patients). Quantification of biomarkers was performed using a Luminex® MAGPIX platform system and multiplex assay kits. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used for comparisons with regard to pulp state. A simple logistic regression model and the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% level of confidence (P = 0.05) were used to evaluate associations between biomarker levels and pulpal diagnosis. The performance discrimination of the biomarkers was evaluated through the construction of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) for IP versus RP after logistic regression modelling. Youden criteria were used to establish cut‐off points for biomarkers alone with AUC > 70 and P‐value < 0.05, or estimated probabilities from the multivariable logistic model.ResultsThe biomarkers that had significantly higher values in participants with IP versus RP were IL‐1α, VEGF‐α and FGF acid (P < 0.05). FGF acid (OR: 12.62; P = 0.0085; CI 95% 1.91–83.29) and VEGF‐α (OR: 2.61; P = 0.0252; CI 95% 1.13–6.03) were associated with pulp diagnoses of IP versus RP. The AUC‐ROC curve for FGF acid was 0.79. The model containing FGF acid, IL‐1α, IL‐6 and TIMP‐1 had an AUC‐ROC of 0.92 for IP versus RP with a significant difference from the FGF acid ROC curve (P = 0.0231).ConclusionsDentinal fluid could be used to assay pulpal mediators in the molecular diagnosis of pulpitis. Despite the limitation of the clinical diagnostics used in the present study, it was possible to detect a difference between irreversible symptomatic pulpitis and reversible pulpitis associated with the following combined biomarkers: FGF acid + IL‐6 + IL‐1α, +TIMP‐1.
CONSTRAINED EFFICIENT MARKETS FOR MANIPULATION ECONOMIES
Authors: Citanna Alex , Siconolfi Paolo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe design a competitive market for exclusive contracts in large economies with observable types where trades are subject to postcontractual manipulations. We do not impose quantity restrictions at the trading stage—for example, incentive constraints on the consumption or production sets. We establish existence and constrained optimality of equilibrium. Our design can accommodate manipulations stemming from private information as well as from behavioral biases—for example, time inconsistency and false beliefs. We discuss the needed size and complexity of the commodity set.
THE MEASUREMENT OF INCOME SEGREGATION
Authors: Lasso de la Vega Casilda , Volij Oscar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe examine the problem of measuring the extent to which students with different income levels attend separate schools. Unless rich and poor attend the same schools in the same proportions, some segregation will exist. Since income is a continuous cardinal variable, however, the rich–poor dichotomy is necessarily arbitrary and renders any application of a binary segregation measure artificial. This article provides an axiomatic characterization of a measure of income segregation that takes into account the cardinal nature of income. This measure satisfies an empirically useful decomposition by subdistricts.
Top management incentives and financial flexibility: The case of make‐whole call provisions
Authors: Jameson Melvin , King Tao‐Hsien Dolly , Prevost Andrew 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConsistent with the premise that make‐whole call provisions enhance value‐creating financial flexibility, we find that higher sensitivity of managerial wealth to stock price (delta) increases the likelihood that corporate bonds contain make‐whole provisions. Building on the results of related research, post‐issue financial performance of make‐whole callable bond issuers increases in delta. In line with prior findings that demonstrate financial flexibility can be costly to bondholders, we find that managerial equity incentives impact the incremental effect of make‐whole provisions on the pricing of corporate debt securities. Consistent with the flexibility explanation, we also find that the market response as measured by abnormal trading volume to the issuance of make‐whole callable debt varies in equity incentives. Overall, our results suggest that managerial incentives play a role in the choice, pricing, and market response to make‐whole options in corporate debt securities.
Epicardial standalone left atrial appendage clipping for prevention of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation contraindicated for oral anticaogulation
Authors: Branzoli Stefano , Marini Massimiliano , Guarracini Fabrizio , Pederzolli Carlo , Pomarolli Claudio , D'Onghia Giovanni , Centonze Maurizio , Fantinel Mauro , Corsini Francesco , Bonmassari Roberto , Graffigna Angelo , La Meir Mark 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe most appropriate treatment for stroke prevention in standalone atrial fibrillation patients with a high CHADS2VASC score contraindicated for oral anticoagulation (OAC) or novel OAC (NOAC) still needs to be defined. Percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) closure devices are available, but because of their endocardial positioning need a period of antiplatelet therapy (APT). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of epicardial left atrial appendage clipping in patients contraindicated for (N)OAC and APT.Methods and ResultsWe describe a standalone totally thoracoscopic LAA clipping of forty‐five consecutive patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF; 32 males; age, 73.1 ± 7.4 years; CHADVASC, 6.5 ± 1.1; HAS‐BLED 4.9 ± 0.9) with absolute contraindications to (N)OAC. The patients were selected by a multidisciplinary Heart Team. Sixty percent had a previous ischemic stroke and 51% a history of the hemorrhagic event and 22% both. All patients were implanted with an LAA epicardial clip, guided by preoperative computed tomography and intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. The mean procedural duration was 52.3 ± 12.6 minutes with postprocedural extubation interval of 22.8 ± 14.6 minutes. No procedure‐related complications occurred. Intraprocedural transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed complete LAA occlusion in all patients. At a mean follow‐up of 16.4 ± 9.1 months (range, 2‐34), with all patients off (N)OAC or APT, no ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic complications occurred. computed tomography or TEE at follow‐up demonstrated a correct LAA occlusion in all with mean stumps of 3.3 ± 2.8 mm.ConclusionThoracoscopic epicardial closure of the LAA with the AtriClip PRO2 device is a potentially safe and efficient treatment for stroke prevention in patients with NVAF contraindicated for anticoagulant therapy or APT.
Transillumination‐aided infiltration: A diagnostic concept for treating enamel opacities
Authors: Marouane Omar , Chtioui Fadwa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveEsthetic management of enamel opacities related to molar‐incisor hypomineralization is recognized as an unpredictable procedure when resin infiltration is used. The use of transillumination during this procedure may increase its predictability. The aim of this paper is to describe a new transillumination‐based concept for treating enamel opacities with resin infiltration.Clinical considerationsThis report describes a case of enamel opacities affecting the maxillary central incisors related to molar‐incisor hypomineralization where transillumination‐aided infiltration was used for treating these lesions. Pre‐operatively, the lesion depth is assessed using transillumination, which shows the presence of enamel surface layer covering the lesion. The mandatory removal of this layer is also monitored using transillumination as the lesion is progressively exposed and brought into the surface. Then, the classic protocol of resin infiltration is followed. Transmitted light was also efficient in monitoring the progression of resin‐infiltration.ConclusionThe appearance of the lesions' edges in transillumination was the main clue in indicating their depth and eventually their exposure into the surface. Transillumination was also reliable in monitoring the progression of the infiltration until complete saturation of the porous enamel.Clinical significanceThe use of the proposed concept may help the dental practitioner in obtaining predictable results when enamel opacities related to molar‐incisor hypomineralization are treated with resin infiltration. Besides, transillumination can be used as a diagnostic tool during the lesion transformation as well as its infiltration.
Prematurity‐related knowledge among mothers and fathers of very preterm infants
Authors: Matos Joana , Amorim Mariana , Silva Susana , Nogueira Conceição , Alves Elisabete 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveEmpowering parents as health promoters may contribute to decrease the costs associated with prematurity. In Portugal, 8% and 1% of the births occurring in 2018 were preterm and very preterm, respectively. This study aimed to assess prematurity‐related knowledge with regard to its prevalence, causes and consequences, according to sociodemographic, obstetric and offspring's characteristics, among mothers and fathers of very preterm infants.MethodsBetween May and July 2017, mothers and fathers of very preterm infants were invited to participate through the Portuguese association of parents for support to the premature baby, with 196 parents being included. Knowledge on prematurity (prevalence, causes and consequences) was collected through a structured online questionnaire. Reporting of this research follows STROBE guidelines for cross‐sectional studies.ResultsParents estimated a median prevalence of preterm and of very preterm delivery in Portugal of 15% and 8%, respectively. However, approximately 20% did not provide an estimate. More than 90% of the participants acknowledged placental complications, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, multiple pregnancy and intrauterine growth restriction as causes of preterm delivery, whereas only 24.2% identified low socioeconomic status. Cardiac complications and respiratory morbidity were recognised as the main consequences of prematurity by more than 80% of the parents. Overall, parents with a higher socioeconomic status tended to provide correct responses more frequently than those with a low socioeconomic status.ConclusionsThe results revealed the existence of knowledge gaps regarding the prevalence, causes and consequences of premature delivery. Understanding the main facilitators and barriers to the achievement of prematurity‐related knowledge may contribute for the global improvement of preventing this condition.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is crucial to include the improvement of parents’ knowledge about prematurity as a complementary dimension during the provision of medical care, with nurses playing a key role as main sources of information.
I do not even tell my partner: Nurses’ perceptions of verbal and physical violence against nurses working in a regional hospital
Authors: Dafny Hila A. , Beccaria Gavin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine nurses’ perceptions of physical and verbal violence perpetrated by patients and visitors and to investigate themes surrounding gender and the incidence of violence.BackgroundThe prevalence of violence towards nurses is a concern for nurses and hospital administrators. However, nurses who work in acute care and mental healthcare settings are particularly at high risk. This study examines the occurrence, type of violence and gender issues in a regional public hospital of Queensland Australia.DesignAn exploratory, qualitative design.MethodsFocus group interviews with 23 nurses from Emergency Department (ED), Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Psychiatry Department (PD) working in Queensland regional public hospital, Australia. Qualitative data were transcribed and thematically analysed manually and by NVivo. COREQ research reporting checklist followed.ResultsParticipants reported frequent incidents of verbal and physical violence on a daily basis. Severe incidence included punching, kicking, biting and scratching, as well as threats of using weapons, such as knives. Patients were more likely to exhibit physical violence, especially towards male nurses, while hospital visitors including patient's family were more likely to exhibit verbal violence. Allocating male nurses in volatile areas and to care for violent patients raises concerns that the male nurses may be seen by their patients as “bodyguards” and not as a professional nurse.ConclusionFindings indicate that staff believe that violence is increasing, feel the burden to accept that violence as part of the job and that the bureaucratic processes of the organisation make it difficult to address violence or get support. Organisations need to be vigilant in ensuring assistance is accessible and simplified.Relevant to clinical practiceThis study contributes new knowledge to the discussion concerning of gender issues. Identifying gender issues could assist in developing the necessary interventions to reduce workplace violence.
Beyond the fear: Nurses’ experiences caring for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome: A phenomenological study
Authors: Lee Jin Young , Hong Jeong Hee , Park Eun Young 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAim and objectivesTo explore the experiences of Korean nurses who had directly cared for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and to derive the structure and meaning of these experiences.BackgroundIn 2015, the MERS epidemic struck Korea, and ill‐prepared nurses had to care for patients with MERS. Nurses experienced conflict between their fear of the disease and their work and professional ethic.DesignWe employed a phenomenological qualitative approach.MethodsInductive, qualitative, in‐depth interviews were performed with 17 nurses. The study process followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist.ResultsThe qualitative inductive content analysis generated seven theme clusters and 18 themes. The theme clusters were “Fear of Uncertainty,” “Beyond Hesitation,” “A Scene Like a Battlefield,” “Chaotic Nursing Identity,” “Buttresses for Sustainability,” “Lingering Trauma” and “Expanded Horizon of Nursing.” The final analysis revealed that the core theme was “Beyond the fear of uncertainty.”ConclusionsThis study contrives a more in‐depth, holistic understanding by describing the experiences of nurses who directly cared for patients with MERS—the first large‐scale infectious disease in Korea. Although nurses saw themselves as vital caregivers, they were frightened of the disease, had to work in a harsh environment, experienced various internal conflicts and had to deal with varying forms of uncertainty.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study sheds light on the nursing situation during crises involving serious infectious diseases; to combat these, more medical facilities are needed, and staff should be proactively guided on how to care for patients. It can serve as part of a good foundation for further study of medical staff during recurring epidemics.
The views and experiences of fathers regarding their young child’s intellectual and developmental disability diagnosis: Findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Marsh Lynne , Brown Michael , McCann Edward 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo report the views and experiences of fathers following their child's diagnosis of an intellectual and developmental disability (IDD).BackgroundThere is a growing interest in understanding the experiences of fathers of children with IDD given the transformation of the structural change of fathers’ roles within the family and wider society.DesignA qualitative design was used to elicit the view and experiences of fathers.MethodsA total of ten Irish fathers participated in face‐to‐face interviews. The data were thematically analysed. The COREQ guidelines for reporting qualitative studies were used in the development of this paper.ResultsThe key themes that emerged were (a) the confirmation of the child's diagnosis (b) the impact of the diagnosis and (c) father's motivation to participate in disability research.ConclusionsThis study informs and develops a further understanding of the international evidence base of fathers receiving a confirmation of a child's diagnosis of an intellectual and developmental disability, the impact of the diagnosis on fathers and their motivation to share their stories to add to the disability research. Health and social care practitioners have important contributions to make in meeting the needs of fathers. There are specific areas to consider in terms of practice, education and research that require further attention and development to ensure fathers’ distinct needs regarding their child's diagnosis of IDD are known and responded to effectively.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlights that when the child's disability is confirmed, fathers experience a diverse range of mixed emotions. Health and social care practitioners including nurses need to be aware of the impact of the diagnosis upon fathers. There is scope to develop the knowledge, skills and confidence of health and social care practitioners regarding the experiences of fathers and how they can further support fathers and their families during the critical time of a disability disclosure.
The League of Nations, Minorities, and Post‐Imperial Turkey
Authors: Bayar Yeşim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Minority Treaties that were signed at the end of First World War were not only instrumental in establishing the status of minorities in their respective countries but also significant in terms of their impact on nation‐building processes. Through focusing on the post‐Ottoman lands, and specifically on Turkey, this paper examines the tension between the goals of the Allied Powers and the League of Nations, and those of the nationalist political elites in the newly‐created national states.
2D shear wave elastography combined with age and serum biomarkers prior to kasai surgery predicts native liver survival of biliary atresia infants
Authors: Wang G. , Chen H. , Xie X. , Cao Q. , Liao B. , Jiang H. , Shan Q. , Zhong Z. , Zhou W. , Zhou L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis of patients with biliary atresia (BA) after Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) varies, and precisely predicting the outcomes of KPE before surgery is still challenging.MethodsA total of 158 patients who underwent KPE in our hospital were included in this study. The patients in the training cohort were recruited from January 2012 to October 2017 (n = 118), and then, those in the validation cohort were recruited from November 2017 to April 2019 (n = 40). Combined nomogram models were developed based on two‐dimensional shear wave elastography (2D SWE) values and other biomarkers. The utility of the proposed models was evaluated by C‐index.Results2D SWE played a potentially important role in predicting native liver survival (NLS) of BA patients with a C‐index of 0.69 (0.63 to 0.75) in the training cohort and 0.76 (0.67 to 0.85) in the validation cohort. The nomogram A based on 2D SWE values, age, gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) and aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio (APRI) had a better C‐index in the training cohort [0.74 (0.68–0.80) vs. 0.66 (0.60–0.73), P = 0.017] and in the validation cohort [0.78 (0.70–0.86) vs. 0.60 (0.49–0.71), P = 0.002] than the nomogram B (without 2D SWE). Using risk score developed from nomogram A, we successfully predicted 88.0% (22/25) of patients in the training cohort and 75.0% (9/12) in the validation cohort to have survival time of less than 12 months after KPE.ConclusionThe combined nomogram model based on 2D SWE values, age, GGT and APRI prior to KPE can effectively predict NLS in BA infants.
Metabolomics coupled with integrative pharmacology reveals the therapeutic effect of l-borneolum against cerebral ischaemia in rats
Authors: Jiang Yinxiao , Wen Jianxia , Zhang Wenwen , Ma Zhijie , Zhang Congen , Wang Jian , Dai Yao , Hu Qichao , Li Zhibei , Ma Xiao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate metabolic biomarker changes and related metabolic pathways before and after treatment with l-borneolum in cerebral ischaemic rats.

Methods
Rats were subjected to pMCAO surgery. The Zea-Longa scoring method was used to evaluate neurological deficits. TTC staining was used to observe cerebral infarction. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes in brain tissue. The metabolomics method was used to analyse the changes in metabolism.

Results
The pharmacology changes of the H-B group were significantly different from those of the vehicle group. Moreover, according to the metabolomics method, identification of potential biomarkers in cerebral ischaemia treatment showed that the levels of l-valine and l-arginine were increased while the levels of N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate and LysoPC (18 : 1(9Z)) were reduced, which were related to energy metabolism. Simultaneously, thermogenesis and bile secretion levels were inhibited by l-borneolum. Furthermore, elevated level of methotrexate might be related to an anti-inflammatory effect.

Conclusions
The therapeutic effect of l-borneolum on cerebral ischaemia might be associated with the regulation of energy metabolism, thermogenesis and bile secretion. These metabolic changes and the core target changes, as well as the metabolic-target pathway network, help to elucidate the mechanisms governing the effect of l-borneolum on cerebral ischaemia.