bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biowaste‐Derived, Self‐Organized Arrays of High‐Performance 2D Carbon Emitters for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Wolff Annalena , Yambem Soniya D. , Esmaeili Mostafa , Riches James D. , Shahbazi Mahboobeh , Feron Krishna , Eftekhari Ehsan , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) , Li Qin , Sonar Prashant 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLow‐cost flexible organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with nanoemitter material from waste open up new opportunities for sustainable technology. The common emitter materials generated from waste are carbon dots (CDs). However, these have poor luminescent properties. Further solid‐state emission quenching makes application in display devices challenging. Here, flexible and rigid OLED devices are demonstrated using self‐assembled 2D arrays of CDs derived from waste material, viz., human hair. High‐performance CDs with a quantum yield (QY) of 87%, self‐assembled into 2D arrays, are achieved by improving the crystallinity and decreasing the CDs' size distribution. The CD island array exhibits ultrahigh hole mobility (≈10−1 cm2 V−1 s−1) and significant reduction in solid‐state emission quenching compared to pristine CDs; hence, it is used here as an emitting layer in both indium tin oxide (ITO)‐coated glass and ITO‐coated flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate OLED devices, without any hole‐injection layer. The flexible OLED device exhibits a stable, voltage‐independent blue/cyan emission with a record maximum luminescence of 350 cd m−2, whereas the OLED device based on the rigid glass substrate shows a maximum luminescence of 700 cd m−2. This work sets up a platform to develop next‐generation OLED displays using CD emitters derived from the biowaste material.
“Self‐Matched” Tribo/Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Using Vapor‐Induced Phase‐Separated Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and Recombinant Spider Silk
Authors: Huang Tao , Zhang Yujia , He Peng , Wang Gang , Xia Xiaoxia , Ding Guqiao , Tao Tiger H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFlexible biocompatible mechanical energy harvesters are drawing increasing interest because of their high energy‐harvesting efficiency for powering wearable/implantable devices. Here, a type of “self‐matched” tribo‐piezoelectric nanogenerators composed of genetically engineered recombinant spider silk protein and piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐decorated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) layers is reported. The PET layer serves as a shared structure and electrification layer for both piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators. Importantly, the PVDF generates a strong piezo‐potential that modifies the surface potential of the PET layer to match the electron‐transfer direction of the spider silk during triboelectrification. A “vapor‐induced phase‐separation” process is developed to enhance the piezoelectric performance in a facile and “green” roll‐to‐roll manufacturing fashion. The devices show exceptional output performance and energy transformation efficiency among currently existing energy harvesters of similar sizes and exhibit the potential for large‐scale fabrication and various implantable/wearable applications.
Conductive and Elastic 3D Helical Fibers for Use in Washable and Wearable Electronics
Authors: Yang Zihang , Zhai Zirui , Song Zeming , Wu Yingzhu , Liang Jiahao , Shan Yingfa , Zheng Jinren , Liang Haichao , Jiang Hanqing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDue to the intrinsic properties of fabrics, fabric‐based wearable systems have certain advantages over elastomeric material‐based stretchable electronics. Here, a method to produce highly stretchable, conductive, washable, and solderable fibers that consist of elastic polyurethane (PU) fibers and conductive Cu fibers, which are used as interconnects for wearable electronics, is reported. The 3D helical shape results from stress relaxation of the prestretched PU fiber and the plasticity of the Cu fiber, which provides a predictable way to manipulate the morphology of the 3D fibers. The present fibers have superior mechanical and electrical properties to many other conductive fibers fabricated through different approaches. The 3D helical fibers can be readily integrated with fabrics and other functional components to build fabric‐based wearable systems.
Giant Uniaxial Strain Ferroelectric Domain Tuning in Freestanding PbTiO3 Films
Authors: Han Lu , Fang Yanhan , Zhao Yunqi , Zang Yipeng , Gu Zhengbin , Nie Yuefeng , Pan Xiaoqing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDimensionality and epitaxial strain have been recently utilized to engineer the interplay between the electrostatic and elastic energies to stabilize exotic ferroelectric domain structures and topological textures in epitaxial heterostructures and superlattices. As the strain state is fixed to the substrate lattice, the strain tunability is discrete and limited, which puts a hard constraint on the exploration and engineering of emergent ferroelectric properties in these thin films and heterostructures. Here, by using water‐soluble Sr3Al2O6 (SAO) as the sacrificial buffer layer, freestanding PbTiO3 (PTO) thin films are synthesized by reactive molecular beam epitaxy to provide ideal flexible systems for continuous strain engineering as they are free of substrate‐imposed clamping. With decreasing thickness below 30 unit cells, the freestanding PTO films show thickness‐dependent reduction of c/a ratio and ferroelectricity as a consequence of strong depolarization effect. Furthermore, continuous uniaxial tensile strain up to 6.4% is applied on these freestanding films, far exceeding the achievable value reported on epitaxial PTO films. Under large tensile strain, a c domain to a domain transition with the polarization flipped from the out‐of‐plane to in‐plane direction is observed. The present work highlights the exceptional tunability of strain and dimensionality in search of emergent phases in freestanding films.
One‐Step Synthesis of Nanostructured CoS2 Grown on Titanium Carbide MXene for High‐Performance Asymmetrical Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Hao , Hu Rui , Qi Jiqiu , Sui Yanwei , He Yezeng , Meng Qingkun , Wei Fuxiang , Ren Yaojian , Zhao Yulong , Wei Wenqing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMXene (2D titanium carbide) as the electrode material for supercapacitors has been studied extensively and deeply in recent years. In order to enhance the electrochemical performance of MXene, CoS2 nanoparticles grown on MXene surface are constructed by a simple one‐step solvent thermal method. CoS2 nanoparticles play a crucial part in increasing the active sites of metal ions on the surface of MXene. In three‐electrode system, the obtained MXene/CoS2 composite delivers high performance. Its specific capacitance can be up to 1320 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and it shows remarkable cycle performance with 78.4% after 3000 cycles at 10 A g−1. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) with reduced graphene oxide as the negative electrode and MXene/CoS2 composite as the positive electrode exhibit a wide potential window of 1.6 V and high energy density (28.8 Wh kg−1) at a power density of 800 W kg−1. After 5000 cycles, the ASCs maintain 98% of initial specific capacitance at 5 A g−1. These results can effectively promote the application in the supercapacitor materials.
Higher‐Order Topological States in Surface‐Wave Photonic Crystals
Authors: Zhang Li , Yang Yihao , Lin Zhi‐Kang , Qin Pengfei , Chen Qiaolu , Gao Fei , Li Erping , Jiang Jian‐Hua , Zhang Baile , Chen Hongsheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhotonic topological states have revolutionized the understanding of the propagation and scattering of light. The recent discovery of higher‐order photonic topological insulators opens an emergent horizon for 0D topological corner states. However, the previous realizations of higher‐order topological insulators in electromagnetic‐wave systems suffer from either a limited operational frequency range due to the lumped components involved or a bulky structure with a large footprint, which are unfavorable for achieving compact photonic devices. To overcome these limitations, a planar surface‐wave photonic crystal realization of 2D higher‐order topological insulators is hereby demonstrated experimentally. The surface‐wave photonic crystals exhibit a very large bulk bandgap (a bandwidth of 28%) due to multiple Bragg scatterings and host 1D gapped edge states described by massive Dirac equations. The topology of those higher‐dimensional photonic bands leads to the emergence of in‐gap 0D corner states, which provide a route toward robust cavity modes for scalable compact photonic devices.
Augmenting Tumor‐Starvation Therapy by Cancer Cell Autophagy Inhibition
Authors: Yang Bowen , Ding Li , Chen Yu , Shi Jianlin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt was recently recognized that cancer therapeutic efficacy may be greatly compromised by an intrinsic protective mechanism called autophagy, by which cancer cells survive in harsh conditions such as starvation. Here, a synergetic strategy is described for cancer treatment by suppressing such a protective mechanism for augmenting tumor‐starvation therapy. The synergetic therapy is achieved by restraining glucose metabolism using an antiglycolytic agent to predispose cancer cells to severe energy deprivation; concurrently the downstream autophagic flux and compensatory energy supplies are blocked by the autophagy inhibitor black phosphorus nanosheet. Cancer cells fail to extract their own nutrient to feed themselves, finally succumbing to therapeutic interventions and starving to death. Both in vitro and in vivo results evidence the cooperative effect between the autophagy inhibitor and antiglycolytic agent, which leads to remarkable synergetic antineoplastic outcome. It is expected that such a combinational approach by concurrently blocking exogenous and endogenous nutrition supplies will be beneficial to the design of effective tumor‐specific cancer therapies in the future.
Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Mesoporous Structures from Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Utilization Enabling High Performances in Hybrid Sodium‐Ion Energy Storages
Authors: Lee Gyu Heon , Kang Jeung Ku 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSodium‐ion energy storage is of the most attractive candidate for commercialization adoption due to the safety and cost demands of large‐scale energy storage systems, but its low energy density, slow charging capability, and poor cycle stability are yet to be overcome. Here, a strategy is reported to realize high‐performance sodium‐ion energy storage using battery‐type anode and capacitor‐type cathode materials. First, nitrogen‐doped mesoporous titanium dioxide (NMTiO2) structures are synthesized via the controlled pyrolysis of metal–organic frameworks. They exhibit interconnected open mesopores allowing fast ion transport and robust cycle stability with nearly 100% coulombic efficiency, along with rich redox‐reactive sites allowing high capacity even at a high rate of ≈90 C. Moreover, assembling the NMTiO2 anode with the nitrogen‐doped graphene (NG) cathode in an asymmetric full cell shows a high energy density exceeding its counterpart symmetric cell by more than threefold as well as robust cycle stability over 10 000 cycles. Additionally, it gives a high‐power density close to 26 000 W kg−1 outperforming that of a conventional sodium‐ion battery by several hundred fold, so that full cells can be charged within a few tens of seconds by the flexible photovoltaic charging and universal serial bus charging modules.
Photo‐Disassembly of Membrane Microdomains Revives Conventional Antibiotics against MRSA
Authors: Hui Jie , Dong Pu‐Ting , Liang Lijia , Mandal Taraknath , Li Junjie , Ulloa Erlinda R. , Zhan Yuewei , Jusuf Sebastian , Zong Cheng , Seleem Mohamed N. , Liu George Y. , Cui Qiang , Cheng Ji‐Xin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConfronted with the rapid evolution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatment strategies for drug‐resistant pathogens. Here, an unconventional approach is presented to restore the susceptibility of methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) to a broad spectrum of conventional antibiotics via photo‐disassembly of functional membrane microdomains. The photo‐disassembly of microdomains is based on effective photolysis of staphyloxanthin, the golden carotenoid pigment that gives its name. Upon pulsed laser treatment, cell membranes are found severely disorganized and malfunctioned to defense antibiotics, as unveiled by membrane permeabilization, membrane fluidification, and detachment of membrane protein, PBP2a. Consequently, the photolysis approach increases susceptibility and inhibits development of resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics including penicillins, quinolones, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, lipopeptides, and oxazolidinones. The synergistic therapy, without phototoxicity to the host, is effective in combating MRSA both in vitro and in vivo in a mice skin infection model. Collectively, this endogenous chromophore‐targeted phototherapy concept paves a novel platform to revive conventional antibiotics to combat drug‐resistant S. aureus infections as well as to screen new lead compounds.
Maize response to applied nutrients for West African savannas
Authors: Serme Idriss , Tarfa Bitrus , Ouattara Korodjouma , Wortmann Charles 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) grain production increased by 428% in Burkina Faso and 82% in Nigeria during the past 20 years primarily due to increased production area. To improve profitability, yield ha−1 needs to be increased. Yield response functions for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and response to a Mg–S–Zn–B (MgSZnB) treatment were determined from results of 16 studies conducted in the Sudanian and Guinean savannas in 2014 and 2015. Mean grain yield with no fertilizer applied and mean response to the economically optimum N rate (EONR) were 0.82 and 2.18 Mg ha−1 in Burkina Faso and 3.35 and 0.48 Mg ha−1 in Nigeria. There was little response to P and K. The EONR ranged from 45 to >120 kg ha−1 for Burkina Faso, with higher EONR for Luvisol compared with Ferralsol soil. The mean EONR for Nigeria was only 24 kg ha−1. The results indicated high profit potential for N application at the EONR in Burkina Faso, but less potential in Nigeria despite higher yields. Yield increases and net return to N could be increased by 72% for financially constrained farmers by applying the same amount of fertilizer N at 50% EONR to twice as much land. Yield was increased by 36% with compost and 40% with MgSZnB application in Burkina Faso but with no effects in Nigeria. The response to MgSZnB requires further investigation in Burkina Faso to optimize nutrient‐specific responses. Inconsistent responses to P indicate a new for more research.
Diversity of Lawesson's Reagent: Advances and Scope
Authors: Gayen Krishnanka Shekhar , Chatterjee Nirbhik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLawesson's reagent is a classic example of a compound having a remarkable construction and also a distinctive chemical behaviour that can challenge stereotype conceptual explanations. At the very beginning, it was mainly known for its use in the thionation of various types of carbonyl groups. However, over the last few years chemists reported some appealing examples which can nurture the chemistry community to perceive innovative ideas. These include the construction of valuable heterocycles, important coupling reactions, and the decoration of metal‐based attractive cores. Several important reports provided comprehensive theoretical studies regarding mechanistic classification. This article gives an overview of the recent insights and synthetic applications of this famous reagent from 2013 to 2019.
A Molecular Strategy to Lock‐in the Conformation of a Perylene Bisimide‐Derived Supramolecular Polymer
Authors: Ashcraft Adam , Liu Kaixuan , Mukhopadhyay Arindam , Paulino Victor , Liu Chuan , Bernard Brianna , Husainy Dalia , Phan Tina , Olivier Jean‐Hubert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLocking‐in the conformation of supramolecular assemblies provides a new avenue to regulate the (opto)electronic properties of robust nanoscale objects. In the present contribution, we show that the covalent tethering of a perylene bisimide (PBI)‐derived supramolecular polymer with a molecular locker enables the formation of a locked superstructure equipped with emergent structure–function relationships. Experiments that exploit variable‐temperature ground‐state electronic absorption spectroscopy unambiguously demonstrate that the excitonic coupling between nearest neighboring units in the tethered superstructure is preserved at a temperature (371 K) where the pristine, non‐covalent assembly exists exclusively in a molecularly dissolved state. A close examination of the solid‐state morphologies reveals that the locked superstructure engenders the formation of hierarchical 1D materials which are not achievable by unlocked assemblies. To complement these structural attributes, we further demonstrate that covalently tethering a supramolecular polymer built from PBI subunits enables the emergence of electronic properties not evidenced in non‐covalent assemblies. Using cyclic voltammetry experiments, the elucidation of the potentiometric properties of the locked superstructure reveals a 100‐mV stabilization of the conduction band energy when compared to that recorded for the non‐covalent assembly.
A Fluorescent Probe for Rapid, High‐Contrast Visualization of Folate‐Receptor‐Expressing Tumors In Vivo
Authors: Numasawa Koji , Hanaoka Kenjiro , Saito Naoko , Yamaguchi Yoshifumi , Ikeno Takayuki , Echizen Honami , Yasunaga Masahiro , Komatsu Toru , Ueno Tasuku , Miura Masayuki , Nagano Tetsuo , Urano Yasuteru 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFolate receptors (FRs) are membrane proteins involved in folic acid uptake, and the alpha isoform (FR‐α) is overexpressed in ovarian and endometrial cancer cells. For fluorescence imaging of FRs in vivo, the near‐infrared (NIR) region (650–900 nm), in which tissue penetration is high and autofluorescence is low, is optimal, but existing NIR fluorescent probes targeting FR‐α show high non‐specific tissue adsorption, and require prolonged washout to visualize tumors. We have designed and synthesized a new NIR fluorescent probe, FolateSiR‐1, utilizing a Si‐rhodamine fluorophore having a carboxy group at the benzene moiety, coupled to a folate ligand moiety through a negatively charged tripeptide linker. This probe exhibits very low background fluorescence and afforded a tumor‐to‐background ratio (TBR) of up to 83 in FR‐expressing tumor‐bearing mice within 30 min. Thus, FolateSiR‐1 has the potential to contribute to the research in the field of biology and the clinical medicine.
Two‐Coordinate Copper(I)/NHC Complexes: Dual Emission Properties and Ultralong Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Li Jiayi , Wang Liding , Zhao Zifeng , Li Xiaoyue , Yu Xiao , Huo Peihao , Jin Qionghua , Liu Zhiwei , Bian Zuqiang , Huang Chunhui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs a kind of photoluminescent material, CuI complexes have many advantages such as adjustable emission, variable structures, and low cost, attracting attention in many fields. In this work, two novel two‐coordinate CuI‐N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes were synthesized, and they exhibit unique dual emission properties, fluorescence and phosphorescence. The crystal structure, packing mode, and photophysical properties under different conditions were systematically studied, proving the emissive mechanism to be the locally excited state of the carbazole group. Based on this mechanism, ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with a lifetime of 140 ms is achieved by selective deuteration of the carbazole group. These results deepen the understanding of the luminescence mechanism and design strategy for two‐coordinate CuI complexes, and prove their potential in applications as ultralong RTP materials.
A Sequential Dual‐Lock Strategy for Photoactivatable Chemiluminescent Probes Enabling Bright Duplex Optical Imaging
Authors: Zhang Yutao , Yan Chenxu , Wang Chao , Guo Zhiqian , Liu Xiaogang , Zhu Wei‐Hong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChemiluminescence (CL)‐based technologies have revolutionized in vivo monitoring of biomolecules. However, significant technical hurdles have limited the achievement of trigger‐controlled, bright, and enriched CL signal. Herein, a dual‐lock strategy uses sequence‐dependent triggers for bright optical imaging with real‐time fluorescent signal and ultra‐sensitive CL signal. These probes can obtain an analyte‐triggered accumulation of stable pre‐chemiluminophore with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), and then the pre‐chemiluminophore exhibits a rapid photooxidation process (1,2‐dioxetane generation) by TICT‐based free‐radical addition, thereby achieving an enrichment and bright CL signal. The dual‐lock strategy expands the in vivo toolbox for highly accurate analysis and has for the first time allowed access to accurately sense and trace biomolecules with high‐resolution, dual‐mode of chemo‐fluoro‐luminescence, and three‐dimensional (3D) imaging in living animals.
Anti‐hepatocellular carcinoma, antioxidant, anti‐inflammation and antimicrobial investigation of some novel first and second transition metal complexes
Authors: Hassan Safaa S. , Khalf‐Alla Perihan A. 
Published: January 2020

New coordination compounds of some selected metal ions from the first and second transition metals series with a Schiff base were synthesized and characterized. The Schiff base is derived from 4‐Aminoantipyrine and 3‐(hydroxyimino) butan‐2‐one. The compounds were characterized by different analysis tools like; elemental analysis, mass spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) as well as electronic spectra, magnetic measurements, molar conductance and thermal analysis technique. All complexes were formed with 1:1 (metal: ligand) stoichiometry except Mn (II) where 1:2 (Mn: ligand) is formed. Schiff base ligand interacted as a tridentate ligand by using the nitrogen atoms of the imine and the oximato groups and the carbonyl oxygen atom as donor groups with all studied metal ions except copper (II) and manganese (II) where the carbonyl oxygen is not shared in the coordination. These complexes show various physicochemical properties. X‐ray powder diffraction shows different crystal systems; Cd (II) complex: hexagonal, Cu (II) complex: orthorhombic; and [Ni (II), Mn (II), Rh (III) & Pd (II)] complexes: monoclinic.All compounds showed potent cytotoxicity against the growth of human liver cancer cell lines. The square planar Pd (II) complex was more active than those of octahedral geometries of all other synthesized complexes. Cd (II) complex has the highest microbial growth inhibition than the rest of the prepared complexes. The docking active sites interactions were evaluated using the selected proteins EGFR tyrosine kinase and protein crystal structure of GlcN‐O‐P synthase. in vitro antioxidant assay revealed potent free radical scavenging activity of the three synthesized Cu (II), Pd (II) and Rh (III) complexes that exceeded the standard ascorbic acid. Pd (II) complex shows the most significant inhibition denaturation percent.