bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antitumor Activity In Vitro Provided by N-Alkyl-Nitroimidazole Compounds
Authors: Villa-Pulgarin Janny A. , Salamanca Constain H. , Oñate-Garzón Jose , Varela-M Ruben E 
Published: August 2020

Background:Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the world, with over 18 million new cases estimated in 2018. Many of the drugs used for cancer can have significant adverse effects and variable effectiveness. Nitroimidazoles are prodrugs that usually have shown antimicrobial activity specifically antiparasitic. However, its antitumor activityin vitrohas barely been explored.Objective:The aim of this study is to determine the influence of the length of the substituted N-alkyl chain in the imidazole ring on the antitumor activityin vitro.Methods:Four nitroimidazoles were obtained by chemical synthesis varying the length of the substituted N-alkyl chain from methyl to butyl. The antitumor activity of N-alkyl-nitroimidazoles was evaluated by MTT assay employing two tumor cell lines (MDA-MB231 and A549).Results:In this study, it was reported that N-alkyl nitroimidazoles exhibited an LC50as low as 16.7 µM in breast tumor cells MDA-MB231 while in normal Vero kidney cells, the LC50was around 30 µM. It was also reported that the length of the substituted N-Alkyl chain in the imidazole ring affects the antitumoral activity in A549 lung cells.Conclusion:Increasing the length of the substituted N-Alkyl chain in the imidazole ring decreased the antitumor activity against only A549 cancer cells. N-alkyl nitroimidazoles exhibited considerable selectivity towards tumor cell lines.
Fracture Resistance of Three Post Types in the Restoration of Anterior Primary Teeth
Authors: Kadkhodaei Fatemeh , Mehran Majid , Haghgoo Roza , Zareiyan Mehrshad 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Extensive restorative treatments of anterior primary teeth are challenging in pediatric dentistry.

Objective:
This study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of three post types for restoring the anterior primary teeth.

Methods:
This in-vitro study was carried out on 90 extracted maxillary anterior primary teeth with intact roots. They were randomly allocated into six groups to be restored with conventional composite resin post, X-tra fill composite resin post, Tetric N Ceram composite resin post, prefabricated glass fiber post with conventional composite build-up, prefabricated glass fiber post with X-tra fill composite build-up, and prefabricated glass fiber post with Tetric N Ceram composite build up. The samples were polished and placed in acrylic resin blocks with 1 mm of part of cervical root being out, thermocycled (×5000) and tested for fracture resistance. Intra-class correlation test, Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses (α=0.05).

Results:
The mean fracture resistance was significantly different among the six groups. It was the highest in prefabricated glass fiber post with conventional composite build-up (418.64 N), prefabricated glass fiber post with X-tra fill composite build-up (403.63 N) and prefabricated glass fiber post with Tetric N Ceram composite build up (361.63 N); and the lowest in Tetric N Ceram group (280.65 N). The groups were significantly different concerning the fracture strength and fracture state.

Conclusion:
Since the anterior teeth restored with prefabricated glass fiber posts were far more fracture resistant, and prefabricated glass fiber posts can be promisingly used for the restoration of anterior primary teeth.
Paroxysmal Lower Limb Tremor as a Rare Presentation of Colloid Cyst of the Third Ventricle: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Angelopoulou Efthalia , Koropouli Eleftheria , Velonakis Georgios , Koutsis Georgios , Anagnostouli Maria , Tzartos Ioannis , Tzanetakos Dimitrios , Stranjalis George , Kilidireas Constantinos , Evangelopoulos Maria-E. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Colloid cysts of the third ventricle are benign intracranial tumors. They are most commonly presented with signs of intracranial hypertension due to obstructive hydrocephalus, including headache, nausea/vomiting and vision disturbances, whereas extrapyramidal symptoms such as tremor are very rare. Sudden death, due to abruptly developed hydrocephalus, can be also observed. Although paroxysmal symptomatology attributed to the intermittent obstruction of the foramen of Monro is considered the “classical” clinical presentation, it is rather the exception in clinical practice.

Case Report:
A 42-year-old woman with no medical history was admitted to the neurology department as suffering from a potential demyelinating disease due to episodes of paroxysmal tremor of her right lower limb and persistent mild gait instability, which presented 15 days prior to her arrival. She also complained of episodes of partially position-dependent bilateral headache over the last 10 years, as well as episodes of vertigo over the last 4 years. On arrival, her gait was shuffling and mildly wide-based and an intermittent tremor of her right lower limb was observed in supine and sitting positions, but not in a prone position. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a round cystic lesion of the third ventricle, accompanied by hydrocephalus with enlargement of lateral ventricles. MRI findings were highly indicative of a colloid cyst. The patient underwent resection of the mass and the tremor resolved after surgery.

Conclusion:
Given the greatly heterogeneous clinical presentation of colloid cysts, our case highlights the significance of the prompt diagnosis of this rare but potentially fatal cause of paroxysmal limb tremor.
New Path to Recovery and Well-Being: Cross-Sectional Study on WeChat Use and Endorsement of WeChat-Based mHealth Among People Living With Schizophrenia in China
Authors: Yu Yu , Li Yilu , Li Tongxin , Xi Shijun , Xiao Xi , Xiao Shuiyuan , Tebes Jacob Kraemer 
Published: August 2020

Background
The past few decades have seen an exponential increase in using mobile phones to support medical care (mobile health [mHealth]) among people living with psychosis worldwide, yet little is known about WeChat use and WeChat-based mHealth among people living with schizophrenia (PLS) in China.

Objective
This study aims to assess WeChat use, endorsement of WeChat-based mHealth programs, and health related to WeChat use among PLS.

Methods
We recruited a random sample of 400 PLS from 12 communities in Changsha City of Hunan Province, China. WeChat use was assessed using the adapted WeChat Use Intensity Questionnaire (WUIQ). We also compared psychiatric symptoms, functioning, disability, recovery, quality of life, and general well-being between WeChat users and nonusers using one-to-one propensity-score matching.

Results
The WeChat use rate was 40.8% in this sample (163/400); 30.7% (50/163) had more than 50 WeChat friends and nearly half (81/163, 49.7%) spent more than half an hour on WeChat, a pattern similar to college students and the elderly. PLS also showed higher emotional connectedness to WeChat use than college students. About 80.4% (131/163) of PLS were willing to participate in a WeChat-based mHealth program, including psychoeducation (91/163, 55.8%), professional support (82/163, 50.3%), and peer support (67/163, 41.1%). Compared with nonusers, WeChat users were younger, better educated, and more likely to be employed. WeChat use was associated with improved health outcomes, including lower psychiatric symptoms, lower depression, higher functioning, better recovery, and higher quality of life.

Conclusions
WeChat-based mHealth programs hold promise as an empowering tool to provide cost-effective interventions, to foster global recovery, and to improve both physical and mental well-being among PLS. WeChat and WeChat-based mHealth programs have the potential to offer a new path to recovery and well-being for PLS in China.
Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine and Tocilizumab in Patients With COVID-19: Single-Center Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Roomi Sohaib , Ullah Waqas , Ahmed Faizan , Farooq Soban , Sadiq Usama , Chohan Asad , Jafar Munnam , Saddique Maryum , Khanal Shristi , Watson Robert , Boigon Margot 
Published: August 2020

Background
During the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an unfounded fervor surrounding the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and tocilizumab (TCZ); however, evidence on their efficacy and safety have been controversial.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the overall clinical effectiveness of HCQ and TCZ in patients with COVID-19. We hypothesize that HCQ and TCZ use in these patients will be associated with a reduction in in-hospital mortality, upgrade to intensive medical care, invasive mechanical ventilation, or acute renal failure needing dialysis.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed to determine the impact of HCQ and TCZ use on hard clinical outcomes during hospitalization. A total of 176 hospitalized patients with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis was included. Patients were divided into two comparison groups: (1) HCQ (n=144) vs no-HCQ (n=32) and (2) TCZ (n=32) vs no-TCZ (n=144). The mean age, baseline comorbidities, and other medications used during hospitalization were uniformly distributed among all the groups. Independent t tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to calculate mean differences and adjusted odds ratios with 95% CIs, respectively.

Results
The unadjusted odds ratio for patients upgraded to a higher level of care (ie, intensive care unit) (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.19-5.69; P=.003) and reductions in C-reactive protein (CRP) level on day 7 of hospitalization (21% vs 56%, OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08-0.55; P=.002) were significantly higher in the TCZ group compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in the odds of in-hospital mortality, upgrade to intensive medical care, need for invasive mechanical ventilation, acute kidney failure necessitating dialysis, or discharge from the hospital after recovery in both the HCQ and TCZ groups compared to their respective control groups. Adjusted odds ratios controlled for baseline comorbidities and medications closely followed the unadjusted estimates.

Conclusions
In this cohort of patients with COVID-19, neither HCQ nor TCZ offered a significant reduction in in-hospital mortality, upgrade to intensive medical care, invasive mechanical ventilation, or acute renal failure needing dialysis. These results are similar to the recently published preliminary results of the HCQ arm of the Recovery trial, which showed no clinical benefit from the use of HCQ in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (the TCZ arm is ongoing). Double-blinded randomized controlled trials are needed to further evaluate the impact of these drugs in larger patient samples so that data-driven guidelines can be deduced to combat this global pandemic.
Development of a Mobile Health Intervention with Personal Experiments for Smokers Who Are Ambivalent About Quitting: Formative Design and Testing
Authors: Heffner Jaimee L , Catz Sheryl L , Klasnja Predrag , Tiffany Brooks , McClure Jennifer B 
Published: August 2020

Background
The majority of cigarette smokers want to quit someday but are not ready to commit to long-term abstinence. However, available smoking cessation treatments are not well-suited to meet the needs of these ambivalent smokers. Low-cost, high-reach mobile health (mHealth) interventions may be a cost-efficient means of offering assistance to ambivalent smokers, yet there are currently no evidence-based options available for this group.

Objective
The aim of this study was to develop and preliminarily evaluate the core content for an mHealth program targeting adult smokers who are ambivalent about quitting. The core content consisted of a series of “personal experiments” similar to those tested as part of a counseling intervention in prior work, including brief cognitive or behavioral tasks designed to boost readiness for changing smoking behavior.

Methods
We conducted individual user interviews (N=3) to refine program content, and then conducted a one-arm pilot study (N=25) to assess user receptivity and the potential impact of the experiments on motivation and self-efficacy to quit or reduce smoking.

Results
In user interviews, participants liked the concept of the personal experiments. Participants in the pilot study found a medium-fidelity prototype to be highly acceptable. After watching a brief orientation video that explained how the program works, most participants (80%, 20/25) indicated that it sounded interesting, primarily because it did not require any commitment to quit. All participants (100%, 25/25) completed all 7 experiments, including a 24-hour quit attempt, although not all were able to refrain from smoking for a full day based on qualitative feedback on the experiment. The mean rating of usefulness of the overall program was 4.12 (SD 1.09) out of 5, and the average rating of the difficulty of the experiments was 2.16 (SD 1.18) out of 5. At the last assessment point, 92% (23/25) of the participants indicated that they were more interested in either quitting or cutting back than when they began the program, and 72% (18/25) said that if the program had included a free trial of nicotine replacement therapy, they would have used it to try to quit smoking.

Conclusions
This formative work confirmed that ambivalent smokers are willing to use and will remain engaged with an mHealth intervention that employs the novel concept of personal experiments to enhance their motivation for and ability to quit smoking. The addition of action-oriented treatment (self-help and free nicotine replacement therapy, quitline referral) could further support users’ efforts to stop smoking and remain quit.
Quality of life of ice hockey players after retirement due to concussions
Authors: Gard Anna , Lehto Niklas , Engström Åsa , Shahim Pashtun , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Marklund Niklas , Tegner Yelverton 
Published: August 2020

Background: Sports-related concussion (SRC) is increasingly recognized as a potential health problem in ice hockey. Quality of life (QoL) in players retiring due to SRC has not been thoroughly addressed. Materials & methods: QoL using the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition, Impact of Event Scale-Revised and Short Form Health Survey was measured in Swedish ice hockey players who retired due to persistence of postconcussion symptoms or fear of attaining additional SRC. Results: A total of 76 players were assessed, on average of 5 years after their most recent SRC. Overall, retired players had a high burden of postconcussion symptoms and reduced QoL. Conclusion: Retired concussed ice hockey players have a reduced QoL, particularly those retiring due to postconcussion symptoms. Symptom burden should be continuously evaluated and guide the decision to retire.
Demographics and management of outpatient concussion visits among neurologists and non-neurologists: 2006–2016
Authors: Asselin Patrick D , Mannix Rebekah 
Published: August 2020

Aim: Describe the patient demographics and management of outpatient concussion visits, focusing on neurologists. Materials & methods: We used the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to provide national estimates on the demographics and clinical decisions of concussion visits from 2006 to 2016, which were identified with International Classification of Disease-9/10 codes. Results: From 2006 to 2016, there were an estimated 11 million visits nationally. Neurologists saw significantly more patients over 18 years old and more nonacute care compared with non-neurologists. Neurologists performed imaging and prescribed new medications at similar rates as non-neurologists. Non-neurology subspecialties had a significant increase in visits during the study period. Conclusion: Neurologists saw older patients and more subacute patient care with similar rates prescribing new medications and imaging. Non-neurology subspecialists are more involved in concussions than previously.
REPRESENTATION OF ECOLOGICAL CONTENTS IN EDUCATION AND ASSESSMENT IN LOWER GRADES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Mitić Ljiljana 
Published: August 2020

The subject matter of this research is the representation of ecological contents in teaching in junior primary school and not only does it have practical application, but also theoretical. The ecological contents of teaching in junior primary school are directed towards the education of students and their development for the improvement of their immediate environment. In order to successfully approach the improvement in teaching lower grade students in primary school, regarding ecological contents, it is necessary first to examine and determine how many of our schools are represented. The aim and task of the research was to point out the importance of ecological contents and their representation in teaching in junior primary school. Accordingly, the paper presents a part of the research that shows what teachers think about the representation of ecological contents in the classroom. The research has shown that this is a very important topic.
La valoración de las culturas indígenas en el mercado turístico: ¿apropiación, despojo o resignificación?
Authors: Oehmichen Bazán Cristina 
Published: August 2020

<p>Las culturas de los pueblos indígenas se encuentran inmersas en un proceso de valorización selectiva para su comercialización en el mercado turístico. Bajo los mecanismos del mercado, el turismo ha mostrado su capacidad de digerir la inmensa diversidad cultural e incluso fomentar el reavivamiento de ciertas tradiciones para atraer a los turistas. Con ello, ciertas prácticas culturales son descontextua-<br /> lizadas y transformadas en un producto turístico y con el nuevo valor adquirido, se convierten en objeto de reconocimiento social. No obstante, eso no significa que dichas culturas no sean subestimadas en las prácticas cotidianas de la interacción intercultural. </p><p>Este artículo tiene el propósito de reflexionar en torno a la “puesta en valor” de la diversidad étnica y cultural de los pueblos indígenas por el turismo y la manera en que dicho proceso contribuye a la revaloración de sus culturas o, por el contrario, a ocultar sus aristas más conflictivas.</p><div> </div>
Pensando a través de la sonoridad y la escucha del pueblo huave: cosmología, rito y vida social
Authors: Campos Velázquez Roberto 
Published: August 2020

<p>Mi objetivo es analizar el modo en que los huaves de San Mateo del Mar establecen un tipo de socialidad con los santos católicos y los <em>mombasüik</em> (ancestros deificados homologados a los santos), mediante la sonoridad producida por dos grupos de especialistas rituales en la celebración religiosa del Corpus Christi. Los grupos son los <em>montsünd naab</em> (los que tocan los tambores) y los <em>monlüy kawüy</em> (los que corren a caballo). Los primeros se expresan sirviéndose de una flauta de carrizo, un par de tambores y varios caparazones de tortuga percutidos con cuernos de venado; los segundos emitiendo silbos, gritos y haciendo ruido con dos <em>skil</em> (baterías de 13 cencerros amarrados a una correa de cuero). Mi aproximación es etnográfica y los resultados de la investigación permiten plantear que la socialidad mencionada tiene implicaciones ecológicas, económicas y político-ontológicas, pues realizando la sonoridad en cuestión los huaves buscan ganarse las dádivas energéticas que dispensan los santos y los <em>mombasüik</em>, al tiempo que refrendan la relación trascendental que los alianza. La originalidad del escrito radica en pensar a una sociedad por medio del análisis de aquello que habilita la realización de ciertas expresiones sonoro-musicales en un periodo ritual. Con ello se contribuye a la discusión antropológica y etnomusicológica actual sobre el tópico de las relaciones inter-específicas (humanos, no-humanos) mediante expresiones estéticas entre los pueblos originarios de México. </p><div> </div>
Estimando las condiciones de vida de los rarámuri desde 1905 a 2014 usando datos antropométricos
Authors: Rivera Morales Javier 
Published: August 2020

<p>Este trabajo busca hacer una evaluación de los cambios en las condiciones de vida de los rarámuri desde 1905 a 2014 a través del uso de datos antropométricos. Se recabaron los datos en la literatura científica (estatura, peso, índice córmico e imc) para hombres y mujeres adultos. Se comparó con datos históricos de una muestra de adolescentes de entre 15 y 19 años de edad de ambos sexos tomadas hasta 2014. No se observó una asociación de la estatura y la temporalidad en los adultos. A lo largo del periodo analizado, en los hombres no se observó una asociación del peso (p=0.397) y el imc (p=0.368) con el tiempo; mientras en las mujeres el peso (p=0.013) se incrementa. Los datos en adolescentes mostraron un comportamiento similar al de los adultos. No es posible observar efectos positivos suficientes para modificar los procesos de salud y nutrición reflejados en la estatura del adulto. Algunos efectos positivos se han apreciado en la infancia, mientras que en el caso de las mujeres, la articulación de procesos socioculturales y económicos ha propiciado el desarrollo del sobrepeso.</p><div> </div>
Executive Board Member Financial Expertise and IPO Performance
Authors: Ettredge Michael L. , Li Chan , Wang Qian , Xu Yang 
Published: August 2020

SYNOPSIS
Chief executive officers (CEOs) and chief financial officers (CFOs) can serve on the boards of the firms that employ them. We investigate the effects of having these executive board members, and the effects of their financial expertise (FE), on initial public offering (IPO) outcomes. Specifically, we investigate the effects of three types of executive board member financial expertise: that obtained via prior accounting-based, user-based, and supervisory-based work experience. The results suggest that executive board members with accounting-based experience use their knowledge and experience to decrease information asymmetry at the IPO, leading to lower underpricing. Neither of the other two types of FE helps to improve IPO underpricing. We also find that executive board members with accounting-based experience are associated with shorter IPO preparation times, and less downward IPO offer price adjustments.
JEL Classifications: G32; G34; M41.
The Dodd-Frank Act and the Private Company Discount: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Lohrey Peter L. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
There has been a great deal of criticism about the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (DFA) which focuses on the negative impact it had on small public companies (see Bordo and Duca 2018). This study uses acquisition data to perform an empirical investigation into whether the DFA impacted the value of private companies. The results present statistically significant evidence that the purchase price discount for non-public firms was greater Post-DFA. The evidence presents support for the opinion that the DFA was more harmful to private companies than it was to public companies. It also supports the existent academic literature, tax court, federal regulator, and valuation practitioner views that private company acquisitions should include a discount for lack of marketability due to the illiquid nature of private companies.