bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amelioration of cyclosporine‐induced testicular toxicity by carvedilol and/or alpha‐lipoic acid: Role of TGF‐β1, the proinflammatory cytokines, Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway and apoptosis
Authors: Kabel Ahmed M. , Salama Samir A. , Alghorabi Amal A. , Estfanous Remon S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent that is used to prevent organ rejection after organ transplantation. Due to the widespread use of this type of surgery, the effect of cyclosporine on reproduction and fertility should have a specific interest. Our aim was to assess the effect of carvedilol and/or alpha‐lipoic acid on cyclosporine‐induced testicular toxicity in rats. Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into six equal groups: Control; cyclosporine; cyclosporine + carvedilol; cyclosporine + alpha‐lipoic acid; cyclosporine + carboxymethyl cellulose; and cyclosporine + carvedilol +alpha‐lipoic acid. Food intake, testis weight, testicular functions, serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle‐stimulating hormone were measured. Also, testicular tissue 3 β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17 β‐ hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, paroxonase‐1, proinflammatory cytokines, transforming growth factor beta‐1, nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2)/Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) content and sperm characteristics were determined. Parts of the testes were subjected to histopathological and electron microscopic examination. The carvedilol/alpha‐lipoic acid combination restored the food intake, testicular weight and functions, sperm characteristics, hormonal profile and the antioxidant defences compared to the use of each of these drugs alone. Also, this combination significantly ameliorated inflammation (P < .05) and induced significant increase in tissue Nrf2/HO‐1 content (P < .05) and significant improvement of the histopathological and electron microscopic picture (P < .05) compared to the use of each of these drugs alone. So, carvedilol/alpha‐lipoic acid combination might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to ameliorate testicular damage induced by cyclosporine.
What do stress tests test? Experimentation, demonstration, and the sociotechnical performance of regulatory science
Authors: Coombs Nathan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAfter their successful introduction during the 2007–2009 financial crisis, central bank stress tests were adopted as a fixture of international banking supervision. However, in recent years a new normal has emerged where banks are expected to pass the tests, raising questions about the tests’ usefulness and legitimacy. Combining a dramaturgical interpretation of regulatory science with the idea of performativity in the sociology of finance, this article understands stress tests as a sociotechnical Goffmanian performance. With a focus on the Bank of England’s program, the paper argues that the Bank’s decision to make their tests “predictable” is an attempt to shore up central bank legitimacy by constraining regulatory discretion. This is accomplished through the use of calculative and procedural stage management techniques which allow the Bank to control the contingency of the testing process while demonstrating its objectivity. Nevertheless, the conclusion suggests that in the context of low levels of trust in central banks, routine declarations of “all clear” may undermine public confidence in the tests’ credibility and necessity. The study draws on 20 interviews with high‐level regulators, financial practitioners and other stakeholders in the Bank of England’s stress tests.
Antioxidant potential of chrysanthemum morifolium flower extract on lipid and protein oxidation in goat meat patties during refrigerated storage
Authors: Khan Iftikhar Ali , Xu Weimin , Wang Daoying , Yun Ang , Khan Asad , Zongshuai Zhu , Ijaz Muhammad Umair , Yiqun Cheng , Hussain Muzahir , Huang Ming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFlavonoid and phenolic acid profile of chrysanthemum morifolium flower extract (CME) was analyzed by using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (Q‐TOF–MS, Xevo G2‐S; Milford, MA, USA, Waters) system in tandem with a quadruple time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. The effect of CME on lipid and protein oxidation was investigated in goat patties during 9 days of refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C). Patties were prepared from freshly minced meat with the addition of 0.1% and 0.2% CME and compared with the butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (0.01%) and control. High level of thiol and lower level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and carbonyl content were observed in CME‐treated samples compared to control during storage period. The incorporation of CME in patties reduced the pH and water activity values markedly, but no effect was found on color and sensory analyses. These results show that increased level of CME is more effective against lipid and protein oxidation and therefore can be used as a natural antioxidant in meat products without affecting product acceptability.Practical ApplicationChrysanthemum morifolium flower belongs to the family “Asteraceae” and is a novel natural antioxidant for meat processing industry. It possesses strong antioxidant activities having many phenolic compounds including gallocatechin, apigenin, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, rhamnetin, and quercetin, and can be used for development and production of functional food as a natural antioxidant agent.
Can time‐to‐detection models with fewer survey replicates provide a robust alternative to traditional site‐occupancy models?
Authors: Henry Dominic A. W. , Lee Alan T. K. , Altwegg Res 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Traditional occupancy models that record detection/non‐detection (DND) of a species typically rely on either spatial or temporal survey replication to estimate model parameters. Recording the time until a species is first encountered after starting a survey is often possible with little extra effort and such time‐to‐detection (TTD) surveys may be more efficient than pure DND surveys. Using continuous time data, TTD occupancy models can in theory estimate occupancy and detection parameters using a single TTD survey. However, the robustness and general applicability of TTD models has not been widely addressed and their effectiveness in different study systems remains unknown.

We use simulations and bird data of 63 species from a field study in the Karoo region of South Africa to explicitly compare estimates of occupancy, detection and species richness between DND and TTD models under various levels of survey replication and for species with different occupancy and detection characteristics.

Simulations revealed that for inconspicuous species single survey TTD models can perform better or equally as well as DND models with a higher number of replicates. This effect was attenuated in widespread species. The benefits of TTD models were more pronounced at low survey replicates and performance of the two methods converged quickly as the number of survey replicates increased. However, results from the field data showed that a single TTD survey was not adequate to reliably estimate occupancy, detection and species richness; especially in rare and inconspicuous species. Increasing the number of TTD surveys to two replicates improved the models substantially.

Our results demonstrate that the general utility of TTD surveys depends on the characteristics of the species considered in the study. A single TTD survey may be sufficient in some study designs but is unlikely to be sufficient in most multi‐species field scenarios where communities are made up of species that have a wide range of detection and occupancy probabilities. TTD surveys do provide benefits, however, in that data can be used to construct detection curves which can be used to guide survey effort in the design of future studies.
Australian not‐for‐profit sector views on the conceptual framework, accounting standards and accounting information
Authors: Kober Ralph , Lee Janet , Ng Juliana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the conceptual framework, accounting standards and accounting information relevant to the not‐for‐profit (NFP) sector. Based on the responses of 242 Australian NFP managers, we find support for the inclusion of accountability in the conceptual framework, and for a common set of accounting standards across NFP and for‐profit sectors with additional standards or paragraphs to recognise NFP specific issues. Respondents also rated information within general‐purpose financial reports to be useful for decision making within their organisations. We offer suggestions as to what our findings mean for the development of accounting standards for the NFP sector.
Risk‐factors for continuous long‐term use of prescription opioid drugs 3 years after hysterectomy: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Brunes Malin , Häbel Henrike , Altman Daniel , Ek Marion 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe widespread misuse of prescription pain medication, including opioids, has serious public health implications. Postoperative pain is a risk factor for persistent or chronic pain unless treated effectively. There are only a few studies that have assessed the use of opioid‐containing drugs after gynecological surgery and most of these usually have a short follow‐up period. The aim of this study was to identify risk‐factors for long‐term use of prescription opioid drugs following hysterectomy.Material and methodsWe performed a nationwide cohort study based on prospectively collected data. Information from two population‐based registers, the Swedish National Quality Register of Gynecological Surgery and the Swedish National Drug Register, was linked. The study population consisted of women with benign disease undergoing a total hysterectomy from 1 January 2012 until 31 December 2015. To identify long‐term changes in prescription of opioids, individual data were collected from 1 year prior to to 3 years after surgery between 2011 and 2018. Data analysis was performed using multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsThe population included 17 385 women having had hysterectomy for benign disease. Of these women, 4233 (24.4%) were prescribed analgesics continuously for 3 years postoperatively and 1225 (7.1%) used opioids long term. Perioperative predictors of opioid use 3 years after surgery included a diagnosis of adenomyosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2‐2.7) and preoperative use of opioids (aOR 29.6, 95% CI 19.7‐44.4), psycho‐ (aOR 3.5, 95% CI 2.4‐5.0) and neuroactive drugs (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0‐3.1). For women with no opioid prescription preoperatively (n = 260, 1.5%), mild (aOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1‐7.3) and severe (3.0% vs 6.2%: aOR 6.4, 95% CI 1.4‐20.0) postoperative complications and preoperative prescription of psychoactive drugs (aOR 4.6, 95% CI 1.9‐10.7) were associated with long‐term use of drugs containing opioids.ConclusionsLong‐term use of prescription opioids after hysterectomy is common and is, among other risk factors, strongly associated with preoperative use of opioids, as well as psychoactive drugs and adenomyosis. To avoid opioid misuse disorders among women at risk for long‐term opioid drug prescriptions after hysterectomy, further studies and strategies are needed.
Organized labor and corporate philanthropy: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Song Hakjoon , Chun Hongmin , Brodmann Jennifer , Song Youngwook 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study examines the impact of organized labor on corporate philanthropy, focusing on Korean firms. We find a positive association between the labor unionization ratio and the corporate philanthropy of firms, especially for non‐Chaebol‐affiliated firms and firms that have positive operating cash flow. The results from the robustness tests, which employ alternative union strength proxies and two‐stage least squares regression analyses, support our major findings. The findings indicate that unionized firms can utilize corporate philanthropy to boost their bargaining power regarding wages and collective bargaining power with unions by reporting lower earnings. This study contributes to the corporate philanthropy and labor union literature by providing evidence that the labor union is a crucial stakeholder that may affect firms' philanthropic behavior. Our findings explain corporate philanthropic decisions in the Korean context.
Morphine‐induced respiratory depression is independent of β‐arrestin2 signalling
Authors: Kliewer Andrea , Gillis Alexander , Hill Rob , Schmiedel Frank , Bailey Chris , Kelly Eamonn , Henderson Graeme , Christie Macdonald J. , Schulz Stefan 
Published: February 2020

Background and PurposeGPCRs can signal through both G proteins and β‐arrestin2. For the μ‐opioid receptor, early experimental evidence from a single study suggested that G protein signalling mediates analgesia, whereas β‐arrestin2 signalling mediates respiratory depression and constipation. Consequently, for more than a decade, much research effort has been focused on developing biased μ‐opioid agonists that preferentially target G protein signalling over β‐arrestin signalling, as it was believed that such drugs would be analgesics devoid of respiratory depressant activity. However, the prototypical compounds that have been developed based on this concept have so far failed in clinical and preclinical development.Experimental ApproachThe present study was set up to re‐examine opioid‐induced respiratory depression in β‐arrestin2 knockout mice. To this end, a consortium was formed consisting of three different laboratories located in different countries to evaluate independently opioid‐induced respiratory depression.Key ResultsOur consensus results unequivocally demonstrate that the prototypical μ‐opioid agonist morphine (3.75–100 mg·kg−1 s.c. or 3–30 mg·kg−1 i.p.) as well as the potent opioid fentanyl (0.05–0.35 mg·kg−1 s.c.) do indeed induce respiratory depression and constipation in β‐arrestin2 knockout mice in a dose‐dependent manner indistinguishable from that observed in wild‐type mice.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur findings do not support the original suggestion that β‐arrestin2 signalling plays a key role in opioid‐induced respiratory depression and call into question the concept of developing G protein‐biased μ‐opioid receptor agonists as a strategy for the development of safer opioid analgesic drugs.
Age‐associated changes in chronic rhinosinusitis endotypes
Authors: Ryu Gwanghui , Dhong Hun‐Jong , Park Minsu , Hwang Na Young , Kim Dong‐Kyu , Kim Hyo Yeol , Chung Seung‐Kyu , Rhee Chae‐Seo , Cho Seong‐Ho , Hong Sang Duk , Kim Dae Woo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundImmunologic function in innate and adaptive immunity changes with the ageing process. Thus, age‐related cytokine profiles in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) need to be investigated for precision medicine.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to characterize age‐related changes in immunologic profiles according to CRS subtypes.MethodsSubjects in control (n = 29), CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP, n = 86), and CRS with nasal polyps (eosinophilic NP: ENP, n = 81; non‐eosinophilic NP: NENP, n = 113) were enrolled in this study. Twenty markers for type 1/2/3 inflammation and other inflammatory processes were measured in homogenates of sinonasal tissues and statistically analysed.ResultsIn control tissues, type 2/3 and proinflammatory mediators showed an inverse correlation with age. CRSsNP and NENP showed an age‐related increase in type 2 cytokines and a decline in type 3 cytokines. Interestingly, the age‐related decrease in type 3 mediators was associated with those of CT scores in NENP. ENP showed an age‐related increase in type 3 cytokines with type 2 mediators sustained at high levels. Smokers with ENP demonstrated age‐associated increases in type 1/2/3 mediators as well as CT scores. These age‐related patterns in each CRS were confirmed by statistically adjusting atopy status, smoking history, and disease duration.ConclusionAge‐associated cytokine changes differed among CRS subtypes and control tissues. CRSsNP and NENP demonstrated a decline in type 3 mediators and increase in type 2 mediators, whereas type 3 mediators increased with age in ENP.
d‐dimer is a predictor of clot resolution in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: An Jun , Sun Bo , Ji Yingqun , Zhang Zhonghe , Zhai Zhenguo , Wang Chen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study assessed predictors of pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) resolution and their implications for clinical outcome.MethodA total of 150 patients with acute PE diagnosed by computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) were included. All patients received anticoagulant therapy for 3‐6 months and were followed‐up for at least 2 years. d‐dimer levels in plasma were assayed at the first admission and during follow‐up.ResultsThe rate of CTPA‐confirmed PE resolution was 48.67% at 6 months, 68% at 12 months, and 78.67% at 24 months. Thirty‐nine patients had recurrent thrombosis after anticoagulation therapy was stopped, whereas 93 patients had complete resolution. The initial d‐dimer level positively correlated with the pulmonary artery obstruction index (PAOI) (r = 0.21; P = 0.015), but did not significantly differ between patients experiencing resolution or recurrence. In contrast, the follow‐up mean d‐dimer level was significantly higher in the recurrent group (P < 0.001), and this level was an independent risk factor for recurrent PE after the termination of anticoagulation treatment (OR 1.003, 95%CI 1.002 to 1.004; P < 0.001). Higher initial thromboembolic burden measured by PAOI was associated with residual thromboemboli (P = 0.004) and recurrence (P = 0.03), but was not an independent risk factor for either.ConclusionsElevated d‐dimer is an independent risk factor for PE recurrence. A higher initial thromboembolic burden may be associated with unresolved thromboemboli or recurrence.
Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis is feasible for patients receiving antithrombotic therapy
Authors: Sagami Ryota , Hayasaka Kenji , Ujihara Tetsuro , Nakahara Ryotaro , Murakami Daisuke , Iwaki Tomoyuki , Suehiro Satoshi , Katsuyama Yasushi , Harada Hideaki , Nishikiori Hidefumi , Murakami Kazunari , Amano Yuji 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesPatients with acute cholecystitis receiving antithrombotic therapy (ATT) have an increased risk of bleeding complications during surgery and percutaneous drainage. Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETGBD) is recommended for such cases; however, evidence is limited. To investigate this issue further, we performed a retrospective multicenter study.MethodsOne hundred thirty patients with acute cholecystitis who underwent ETGBD were enrolled. They were divided into an ATT group (continuation of ATT on the day of the procedure and/or heparin substitution) and a Non‐ATT group (discontinuation or no use of ATT). The primary outcome was bleeding complication rate, and the secondary outcomes were technical success rate, clinical success rate and total complication rate.ResultsEighty‐three patients were enrolled in the ATT group, and 47 were enrolled in the Non‐ATT group. In the ATT group, 42.2% continued multi‐agent ATT. No bleeding complications occurred in either group. There were no significant differences between the ATT and Non‐ATT groups in the technical success rate (84.3% vs 89.4%, P = 0.426 respectively) or the clinical success rate (97.1% vs 100%, P = 0.259, respectively). The overall early complication rate was 3.1% (4/130): mild pancreatitis (n = 3) and cholangitis (n = 1). Stent dysfunction was found in 10.9% of patients (at 196 days on average), and the 12‐month stent patency rate was 69.0%.ConclusionsNo significant difference was found in the bleeding complication rate between ETGBD with and without ATT. ETGBD may be an ideal drainage method for patients with acute cholecystitis receiving ATT.
Creating Impactful Student Learning in a Business Analytics Program through Leveraging Scholar‐Practitioner Engagement
Authors: Speier‐Pero Cheri , Schoenherr Tobias 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIndustry demand for talented analytics professionals has created a significant increase in degree programs (e.g., MS in Analytics) around the globe. Many of these programs incorporate experiential learning in the curriculum to foster a deeper understanding. This article focuses on the value and challenges in implementing experiential learning in an analytics‐focused degree program by incorporating and scaffolding multiple organizational analytics projects throughout the curriculum. In addition, this article focuses on the manner in which these organizational analytics projects can create value for scholars, beyond student learning. Scholar‐practitioner partnerships have the potential to advance not only the field of academic research but also the rigor of actual practice. We report our experiences and best practices in creating and leveraging scholar‐practitioner partnerships in the context of project‐based experiential learning in a Master of Science in Business Analytics (MSBA) program. We provide motivation for creating such partnerships for teaching analytics, document student and organizational success, offer illustrations of exemplary experiential learning projects, and discuss the challenges that need to be managed.
Longitudinal predictors of stigma in first‐episode psychosis: Mediating effects of depression
Authors: Bornheimer Lindsay A. , Tarrier Nicholas , Brinen Aaron P. , Li Juliann , Dwyer Meredith , Himle Joseph A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimStigma is commonly experienced among individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and has been shown to be a barrier to help‐seeking and behavioural service utilization. Given the established relationships between stigma, barriers to treatment, and poorer psychiatric outcomes including depression and psychotic symptoms, we examined the relationships between symptoms of depression, positive and negative symptoms, and the emergence of stigma longitudinally among a sample of first‐episode of psychosis (FEP) participants in the United States.MethodsData were obtained from the Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode project of National Institute of Mental Health's Early Treatment Program. Participants (n = 404) included adults between ages 15 and 40 with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders based on the DSM‐IV. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM).ResultsFindings indicated that increased positive and negative symptoms independently related to greater symptoms of depression at baseline. Furthermore, increased positive symptoms and symptoms of depression at baseline independently related to the emergence of greater stigma being experienced over time.ConclusionsConsidering the role that symptoms of depression played as a factor explaining the relationships between positive and negative symptoms and emergence of stigma over time among individuals in FEP, and symptoms of depression is important predictor of stigma and may furthermore present as a viable and less stigmatizing initial treatment target in the early course of a psychotic disorder.