bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community-care unit model of residential mental health rehabilitation services in Queensland, Australia: predicting outcomes of consumers 1-year post discharge
Authors: Parker S. , Arnautovska U. , Siskind D. , Dark F. , McKeon G. , Korman N. , Harris M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Aims
Community care units (CCUs) are a model of residential psychiatric rehabilitation aiming to improve the independence and community functioning of people with severe and persistent mental illness. This study examined factors predicting improvement in outcomes among CCU consumers.

Methods
Hierarchical regression using data from a retrospective cohort (N = 501) of all consumers admitted to five CCUs in Queensland, Australia between 2005 and 2014. The primary outcome was changed in mental health and social functioning (Health of the Nation Outcome Scale). Secondary outcomes were disability (Life Skills Profile-16), service use, accommodation instability, and involuntary treatment. Potential predictors covered service, consumer, and treatment characteristics. Group-level and individualised change were assessed between the year pre-admission and post-discharge. Where relevant and available, the reliable and clinically significant (RCS) change was assessed by comparison with a normative sample.

Results
Group-level analyses showed statistically significant improvements in mental health and social functioning, and reductions in psychiatry-related bed-days, emergency department (ED) presentations and involuntary treatment. There were no significant changes in disability or accommodation instability. A total of 54.7% of consumers demonstrated reliable improvement in mental health and social functioning, and 43.0% showed RCS improvement. The majority (60.6%) showed a reliable improvement in psychiatry-related bed-use; a minority demonstrated reliable improvement in ED presentations (12.5%). Significant predictors of improvement included variables related to the CCU care (e.g. episode duration), consumer characteristics (e.g. primary diagnosis) and treatment variables (e.g. psychiatry-related bed-days pre-admission). Higher baseline impairment in mental health and social functioning (β = 1.12) and longer episodes of CCU care (β = 1.03) increased the likelihood of RCS improvement in mental health and social functioning.

Conclusions
CCU care was followed by reliable improvements in relevant outcomes for many consumers. Consumers with poorer mental health and social functioning, and a longer episode of CCU care were more likely to make RCS improvements in mental health and social functioning.
A healthy dietary pattern may be associated with primary insomnia	among Iranian adults: A case-control study
Authors: Sadat Samaneh , Salehi-sahlabadi Ammar , Pourmasoumi Makan , Feizi Awat , Clark Cain C. T. , Akkasheh Goudarz , Ghiasvand Reza 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Objective: While it has been reported that both foods and nutrients for individuals are connected with sleep, there is no evidence regarding the association of dietary patterns, identified by factor analysis, with primary insomnia. The present study sought to evaluate the association between major dietary patterns and the chance of having primary insomnia. Methods: The present case-control study was performed using 444 people (111 cases and 333 control), aged 18 to 60 years, referred to Isfahan health centers. Dietary intake was assessed via a food frequency questionnaire in a case-control study in Isfahan, Iran. Principal component analysis was used to determine major dietary patterns. The presence of primary insomnia was measured via the insomnia severity index questionnaire, and the subjects were grouped as healthy or insomniac. Results: Three major dietary patterns were recognized, and named; Western, Iranian Traditional and Healthy, respectively. The cumulative percentage of variance explained by three dietary patterns was 48.2%. Those in second (OR = 0.30; 95%CI: 0.2–0.46) and third (OR = 0.22; 95%CI: 0.15–0.35) tertiles of healthy dietary pattern were less likely suffer with insomnia. This association remained significant only in the highest tertile after adjusting potential confounders (OR = 0.45; 95%CI: 0.32–0.95). We found no significant association between greater adherence to Western or Iranian traditional dietary patterns and primary insomnia. Conclusions: The findings showed that although no statistically significant association was observed between both Western and Iranian traditional dietary patterns with primary insomnia, people with greater adherence to the healthy dietary pattern are less likely to have primary insomnia.
Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction of Weather to Climate with Application to Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Robertson Andrew W. , Vitart Frederic , Camargo Suzana J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDemands are growing rapidly in the operational prediction and applications communities for forecasts that fill the gap between daily weather forecasts and seasonal climate outlooks. Recent scientific advances have identified sources of predictability on this time range, and modeling advances are leading to better forecasts. However, much remains to be done to further improve their skill and to develop new climate service forecast products to help countries and sectorial decision makers better manage weather risks and extremes and to adapt to climate change. This paper reviews the history and describes the main challenges and opportunities for the modeling and forecast‐applications communities to improve subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) forecasts and products, along with current developments catalyzed by the World Weather Research Programme and World Climate Research Programme's joint Sub‐Seasonal to Seasonal Prediction Project. The case of tropical cyclones is highlighted as an illustrative example of the points discussed.
The Interplay of Recent Vegetation and Sea Ice Dynamics—Results From a Regional Earth System Model Over the Arctic
Authors: Zhang W. , Döscher R. , Koenigk T. , Miller P.A. , Jansson C. , Samuelsson P. , Wu M. , Smith B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRecent accelerated warming over the Arctic coincides with sea ice reduction and shifting patterns of land cover. We use a state‐of‐the‐art regional Earth system model, RCAO‐GUESS, which comprises a dynamic vegetation model (LPJ‐GUESS), a regional atmosphere model (RCA), and an ocean sea ice model (RCO), to explore the dynamic coupling between vegetation and sea ice during 1989–2011. Our results show that RCAO‐GUESS captures recent trends in observed sea ice concentration and extent, with the inclusion of vegetation dynamics resulting in larger, more realistic variations in summer and autumn than the model that does not account for vegetation dynamics. Vegetation feedbacks induce concomitant changes in downwelling longwave radiation, near‐surface temperature, mean sea level pressure, and sea ice reductions, suggesting a feedback chain linking vegetation change to sea ice dynamics. This study highlights the importance of including interactive vegetation dynamics in modeling the Arctic climate system, particularly when predicting sea ice dynamics.
Seasonal Reversal of the Near‐Surface Chlorophyll Response to the Presence of Mesoscale Eddies in the South Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent
Authors: Travis Seth , Qiu Bo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMesoscale eddies have been shown to have significant effects on biogeochemical cycles, as observed in local levels of near‐surface chlorophyll. There are many regional differences in the expected response of near‐surface chlorophyll to the presence of eddies, caused by differences in the driving mechanisms. However, in many high eddy activity areas, previous studies found low correlation and an inconsistent chlorophyll anomaly response to the presence of eddies. One such area is in the South Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent. Using GlobColour ocean color data and Aviso altimetry data, an investigation of the area found that a seasonal reversal occurs in the character of the chlorophyll anomaly within eddies (reversal from positive to negative and vice versa). The cause of this reversal is inferred to be a seasonally changing limiting factor within the region. Argo float profiles colocated inside and outside of eddies are used to show the coincidence of chlorophyll anomalies with seasonally changing mixed layer depths and the ability of the eddies to access deep nutrient pools. Observations of other mechanisms, such as eddy stirring or eddy‐Ekman pumping, are found to be seasonally less important than the mixed layer depth change‐induced nutrient flux . Additionally, metrics are developed to globally identify oceanic regions in which such seasonal reversals in chlorophyll anomalies could occur.
The Impact of Initial Tracer Profile on the Exchange and On‐Shelf Distribution of Tracers Induced by a Submarine Canyon
Authors: Ramos‐Musalem Karina , Allen Susan E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSubmarine canyons enhance cross‐shelf mass exchanges, which are a key component of on‐shelf nutrient budgets and biogeochemical cycles. Previous studies assume that canyon‐induced tracer flux onto the shelf only depends on canyon‐induced water upwelling. This paper investigates the validity of this dependence for nutrients, carbon, and dissolved gasses. To estimate the canyon‐induced tracer upwelling flux and its spatial distribution on the shelf, we performed numerical experiments simulating an upwelling event near an idealized canyon, adding 10 passive tracers with initial profiles representing nutrients, carbon, and dissolved gasses. This paper presents a scaling estimate for canyon‐induced tracer upwelling and for the on‐shelf distribution of a given tracer. We find that tracer upwelling depends on the vertical local mean of the initial vertical tracer gradient within the canyon, the depth of upwelling and the upwelling flux. We identify a pool of low oxygen and high nutrient concentration, methane, dissolved inorganic carbon, and total alkalinity on the shelf bottom, downstream of the canyon. The downstream extension of the pool of low oxygen water depends on the onshore flux of water through the canyon and the oxygen profile. This canyon‐induced distribution of tracers has the potential to impact demersal and benthic ecosystems by lowering dissolved oxygen levels and spreading corrosive waters along the shelf.
Water Mass and Biogeochemical Variability in the Kerguelen Sector of the Southern Ocean: A Machine Learning Approach for a Mixing Hot Spot
Authors: Rosso Isabella , Mazloff Matthew R. , Talley Lynne D. , Purkey Sarah G. , Freeman Natalie M. , Maze Guillaume 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Southern Ocean (SO) is one of the most energetic regions in the world, where strong air‐sea fluxes, oceanic instabilities, and flow‐topography interactions yield complex dynamics. The Kerguelen Plateau (KP) region in the Indian sector of the SO is a hot spot for these energetic dynamics, which result in large spatiotemporal variability of physical and biogeochemical properties throughout the water column. Data from Argo floats (including biogeochemical) are used to investigate the spatial variability of intermediate and deep water physical and biogeochemical properties. An unsupervised machine learning classification approach is used to organize the float profiles into five SO frontal zones based on their temperature and salinity structure between 300 and 900 m, revealing not only the location of frontal zones and their boundaries but also the variability of water mass properties relative to the zonal mean state. We find that the variability is property dependent and can be more than twice as large as the mean zonal variability in intense eddy fields. In particular, we observe this intense variability in the intermediate and deep waters of the Subtropical Zone; in the Subantarctic Zone just west of and at KP; east of KP in the Polar Frontal Zone, associated with intense eddy variability that enhances deep waters convergence and mixing; and, as the deep waters upwell to the upper 500 m and mix with the surface waters in the southernmost regimes, each property shows a large variability.
Consumption Change Detection for Urban Planning: Monitoring and Segmenting Water Customers During Drought
Authors: Bolorinos Jose , Ajami Newsha K. , Rajagopal Ram 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDemand management is a powerful way for water utilities to address the challenges of population growth and climate change. Although active conservation efforts have been studied extensively, recent evidence suggests households respond to many external events beyond a utility's control, including political responses to extreme climatic episodes and corresponding mass media coverage. Despite their importance, these external factors are difficult to analyze in a controlled setting, and few tools exist to evaluate their influence on customers. Here, we present a consumption change detection (CCD) method that offers new insights into how climate‐related mass media and policy events affect conservation by pinpointing the timing and magnitude of customer‐level water use shifts. We use CCD to monitor and segment the responses of residential water customers to policy and media events in Costa Mesa, California, during the severe 2012–2016 drought. Our results show consumption reductions among 75% of customers. Of these, 80% reduced water use before mandatory restrictions were imposed, coincident with intensifying state policy responses and spikes in media coverage that affected all customer types during 2014. Analysis of standardized drought consumption trajectories indicates that 16% of conserving customers increased consumption in 2015–2016. Conservation and rebound were both more likely among affluent and educated customers, suggesting that CCD can identify engaged and informed water savers who make suitable targets for water‐efficient retrofit incentive schemes. This study demonstrates CCD's potential as a novel demand analysis tool in an interconnected world where external social, political, and climatic stressors can exert an important influence on customer behavior.
Pharmacological induction of selective endoplasmic reticulum retention as a strategy for cancer therapy
Authors: Mahameed Mohamed , Boukeileh Shatha , Obiedat Akram , Darawshi Odai , Dipta Priya , Rimon Amit , McLennan Gordon , Fassler Rosi , Reichmann Dana , Karni Rotem , Preisinger Christian , Wilhelm Thomas , Huber Michael , Tirosh Boaz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe integrated stress response (ISR) converges on eIF2α phosphorylation to regulate protein synthesis. ISR is activated by several stress conditions, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, executed by protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). We report that ER stress combined with ISR inhibition causes an impaired maturation of several tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs), consistent with a partial block of their trafficking from the ER to the Golgi. Other proteins mature or are secreted normally, indicating selective retention in the ER (sERr). sERr is relieved upon protein synthesis attenuation and is accompanied by the generation of large mixed disulfide bonded complexes, including ERp44. sERr was pharmacologically recapitulated by combining the HIV-protease inhibitor nelfinavir with ISRIB, an experimental drug that inhibits ISR. Nelfinavir/ISRIB combination is highly effective to inhibit the growth of RTK-addicted cell lines and hepatocellular (HCC) cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, pharmacological sERr can be utilized as a modality for cancer treatment.
Functional Imaging of the Outer Retinal Complex using High Fidelity Imaging Retinal Densitometry
Authors: Margrain Tom H. , Atkinson David , Binns Alison M. , Fergusson James , Gaffney Allannah , Henry David , Jones Chris , Lamb Trevor D. , Melotte Dave , Miller Chris , Todd Stephen , Wood Ashley 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe describe a new technique, high fidelity Imaging Retinal Densitometry (IRD), which probes the functional integrity of the outer retinal complex. We demonstrate the ability of the technique to map visual pigment optical density and synthesis rates in eyes with and without macular disease. A multispectral retinal imaging device obtained precise measurements of retinal reflectance over space and time. Data obtained from healthy controls and 5 patients with intermediate AMD, before and after photopigment bleaching, were used to quantify visual pigment metrics. Heat maps were plotted to summarise the topography of rod and cone pigment kinetics and descriptive statistics conducted to highlight differences between those with and without AMD. Rod and cone visual pigment synthesis rates in those with AMD (v = 0.043 SD 0.019 min−1 and v = 0.119 SD 0.046 min−1, respectively) were approximately half those observed in healthy controls (v = 0.079 SD 0.024 min−1 for rods and v = 0.206 SD 0.069 min−1 for cones). By mapping visual pigment kinetics across the central retina, high fidelity IRD provides a unique insight into outer retinal complex function. This new technique will improve the phenotypic characterisation, diagnosis and treatment monitoring of various ocular pathologies, including AMD.
Correlation between TM joint disease and rheumatic diseases detected on bone scintigraphy and clinical factors
Authors: Shim Ji Suk , Kim Chulhan , Ryu Jae Jun , Choi Sung Jae 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rheumatic disease as a risk factor for temporomandibular disease (TMD). A total of 143 outpatients reporting symptoms indicating rheumatic disease at their first visit to the rheumatology clinic were included. We evaluated the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with scintigraphic images, and standard questionnaires were administered for the symptomatic assessment for all patients. The patients were classified into ‘healthy controls’ or as per their diagnosis into ‘osteoarthritis’, ‘axial spondyloarthritis’, ‘peripheral spondyloarthritis’, ‘rheumatoid arthritis’, or ‘other rheumatic diseases’ groups. The patients were also differentiated depending on the presence or absence of axial involvement. The relation between the rheumatic disease type and findings at the TMJ were evaluated using statistical analyses. Axial spondyloarthritis, peripheral spondyloarthritis, and rheumatic arthritis patients showed significantly higher scintigraphic uptake at the TMJ compared with those in the control and osteoarthritis groups (axial spondyloarthritis: 4.5, peripheral spondyloarthritis: 4.5, rheumatoid arthritis: 4.09, control: 3.5, osteoarthritis: 3.4, p < 0.0001). Compared with patients without axial involvement, patients with axial involvement also showed significantly higher TMJ scintigraphic uptake (axial involvement: 4.24, without axial involvement: 3.50, p < 0.0001) with elevated symptomatic rates in TMD (axial involvement: 17.82, without axial involvement: 9.97, p < 0.005).
Endothelial-specific Loss of IFT88 Promotes Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Exacerbates Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Singh Shweta , Adam Mohamed , Matkar Pratiek N. , Bugyei-Twum Antoinette , Desjardins Jean-Francois , Chen Hao H. , Nguyen Hien , Bazinet Hannah , Michels David , Liu Zongyi , Mebrahtu Elizabeth , Esene Lillian , Joseph Jameela , Ehsan Mehroz , Qadura Mohammad , Connelly Kim A. , Leong-Poi Howard , Singh Krishna K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntraflagellar transport protein 88 (Ift88) is required for ciliogenesis and shear stress-induced dissolution of cilia in embryonic endothelial cells coincides with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in the developing heart. EndMT is also suggested to underlie heart and lung fibrosis, however, the mechanism linking endothelial Ift88, its effect on EndMT and organ fibrosis remains mainly unexplored. We silenced Ift88 in endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro and generated endothelial cell-specific Ift88-knockout mice (Ift88endo) in vivo to evaluate EndMT and its contribution towards organ fibrosis, respectively. Ift88-silencing in ECs led to mesenchymal cells-like changes in endothelial cells. The expression level of the endothelial markers (CD31, Tie-2 and VE-cadherin) were significantly reduced with a concomitant increase in the expression level of mesenchymal markers (αSMA, N-Cadherin and FSP-1) in Ift88-silenced ECs. Increased EndMT was associated with increased expression of profibrotic Collagen I expression and increased proliferation in Ift88-silenced ECs. Loss of Ift88 in ECs was further associated with increased expression of Sonic Hedgehog signaling effectors. In vivo, endothelial cells isolated from the heart and lung of Ift88endo mice demonstrated loss of Ift88 expression in the endothelium. The Ift88endo mice were born in expected Mendelian ratios without any adverse cardiac phenotypes at baseline. Cardiac and pulmonary endothelial cells isolated from the Ift88endo mice demonstrated signs of EndMT and bleomycin treatment exacerbated pulmonary fibrosis in Ift88endo mice. Pressure overload stress in the form of aortic banding did not reveal a significant difference in cardiac fibrosis between Ift88endo mice and control mice. Our findings demonstrate a novel association between endothelial cilia with EndMT and cell proliferation and also show that loss of endothelial cilia-associated increase in EndMT contributes specifically towards pulmonary fibrosis.
Adaptations of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 with Transition from Terrestrial to Aquatic Life
Authors: Angeletti Monica , Hsu Wan-Ling Nicole , Majo Nashaat , Moriyama Hideaki , Moriyama Etsuko N. , Zhang Luwen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInterferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and IRF7 are closely related IRF members and the major factors for the induction of interferons, a key component in vertebrate innate immunity. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the evolution and adaptation of those IRFs to the environments. Two unique motifs in IRF3 and 7 were identified. One motif, GASSL, is highly conserved throughout the evolution of IRF3 and 7 and located in the signal response domain. Another motif, DPHK, is in the DNA-binding domain. The ancestral protein of IRF3 and 7 seemed to possess the DPHK motif. In the ray-finned fish lineage, while the DPHK is maintained in IRF7, the motif in IRF3 is changed to NPHK with a D → N amino acid substitution. The D → N substitution are also found in amphibian IRF3 but not in amphibian IRF7. Terrestrial animals such as reptiles and mammals predominantly use DPHK sequences in both IRF3 and 7. However, the D → N substitution in IRF3 DPHK is again found in cetaceans such as whales and dolphins as well as in marsupials. These observations suggest that the D → N substitutions in the IRF3 DPHK motif is likely to be associated with vertebrate’s adaptations to aquatic environments and other environmental changes.