bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of EPA and DHA on ceramide lipotoxicity in the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Walchuk Chelsey , Wang Yidi , Suh Miyoung 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors including obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidaemia. Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) enriched in SFA leads to the accumulation of ceramide (Cer), the central molecule in sphingolipid metabolism. Elevations in plasma and tissue Cer are found in obese individuals, and there is evidence to suggest that Cer lipotoxicity contributes to the MetS. EPA and DHA have shown to improve MetS parameters including IR, inflammation and hypertriacylglycerolaemia; however, whether these improvements are related to Cer is currently unknown. This review examines the potential of EPA and DHA to improve Cer lipotoxicity and MetS parameters including IR, inflammation and dyslipidaemiain vitroandin vivo. Current evidence from cell culture and animal studies indicates that EPA and DHA attenuate palmitate- or HFD-induced Cer lipotoxicity and IR, whereas evidence in humans is greatly lacking. Overall, there is intriguing potential for EPA and DHA to improve Cer lipotoxicity and related MetS parameters, but more research is warranted.
Mitigating Striga hermonthica parasitism and damage in maize using soybean rotation, nitrogen application, and Striga-resistant varieties in the Nigerian savannas
Authors: Kamara Alpha Y. , Menkir Abebe , Chikoye David , Tofa Abdullahi I. , Fagge Aminu A. , Dahiru Rabiu , Solomon Reuben , Ademulegun Temitope , Omoigui Lucky , Aliyu Kamaluddin T. , Kamai Nkeki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStriga hermonthica infestation causes significant losses of maize yield in the Nigerian savannas and several technologies have been developed and promoted to control Striga in maize. However, since no single technology has been found to be effective against Striga, integrated management is needed to achieve satisfactory and sustainable Striga control. Both on-station and on-farm trials were undertaken from 2013 to 2015 in Bauchi and Kano States of Nigeria to evaluate the performance of integrated Striga control technologies. In the on-station trials, a soybean–maize rotation did not suppress Striga in maize in either location. However, nitrogen application suppressed and reduced Striga infection, except in Bauchi in 2014. The soybean–maize rotation accompanied by N application reduced Striga damage in both locations. On farmers’ fields, rotating soybean with maize significantly reduced Striga infection. At the same time, the use of maize varieties with a combined tolerance to drought and resistance to Striga parasitism also increased maize grain yield on farmers’ fields, probably due to three factors: a reduction in Striga infection, reduced effects of a mid-season moisture deficit, and increased uptake of nutrients from the soil. We concluded that the use of Striga-resistant maize varieties in combination with the application of N fertilizer and rotation with soybean could increase the productivity of maize in Striga-infested fields in the Nigerian savannas.
Dynamic Compensation Under Uncertainty Shocks and Limited Commitment
Authors: Feng Felix Zhiyu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article studies dynamic compensation and risk management under cash-flow volatility shocks. The optimal contract depends critically on firms’ ability to make good on promised future payments to managers. When volatility is low, firms with full commitment ability implement high pay–performance sensitivity to motivate effort from managers, and they impose large penalties on the arrival of volatility shocks to incentivize prudent risk management. In contrast, firms with limited commitment may allow excessive risk taking in exchange for low pay–performance sensitivity. When volatility becomes high, firms with full commitment defer compensation more, whereas firms with limited commitment must expedite payments.
The personal is the (academic) political: Why care about the love lives of theologians?
Authors: Muers Rachel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhat might be learned, for theology, from recent interest in the complex love triangle of Nelly Barth, Charlotte von Kirschbaum and Karl Barth? I explore some aspects of how the story has been told, in and since Christiane Tietz's 2016 presentation and article, and argue that they expose deep-seated issues in and for the discipline of systematic theology. In particular, I draw attention to the focus on preserving the authority of the individual (male/masculine) author as the exemplar of theological practice; and to the reluctance to recognise the social, political and economic dimensions of sexuality and ‘domestic’ life. I argue that a properly ‘systematic theological’ approach to the Barth-von Kirschbaum story would involve critical and constructive theological reflection on theology's conditions of production: using historical contexts to help us recognise and respond to contemporary issues, without reducing such reflection to stories about individual authors.
ABŪ HĀŠIM AL-ǦUBBĀʾĪ, ALGÈBRE ET INFÉRENCE
Authors: Rashed Marwan 
Published: August 2020

RésuméCet article vise à restituer la doctrine du « signe du manifeste au caché » d'Abū Hāšim al-Ğubbāʾī (888-933). Il montre qu'Abū Hāšim a tendu à interpréter ce signe comme une inférence, dont il a reconnu deux types principaux : le type-1 (la « communauté de preuve », al-ištirāk fī al-dalāla) procède par déduction analytique de concepts en neutralisant les conditions de réalisation de ces derniers, c'est-à-dire leur soubassement ontologique. C'est, typiquement, la procédure la plus directement consonante avec l'ontologie modale d'Abū Hāšim. Le type-2 (la « communauté de cause », al-ištirāk fī al-ʿilla) exhibe un même rapport de causalité au plan du connu et au plan de l'inconnu et considère que la causalité au plan du connu est elle-même la cause de la causalité au plan de l'inconnu. Cette partition parfaitement inédite dans la philosophie et le kalām est en revanche préfigurée dans la doctrine de la preuve exposée par al-Ḫwārizmī dans son Algèbre. Al-Ḫwārizmī distingue en effet entre la preuve « par la cause » (bi-al-ʿilla), qui consiste à transférer une certaine déduction géométrique au plan de l'algèbre et la preuve « par l'expression » (bi-al-lafẓ) qui opère directement sur les expressions algébriques, qu'elle réduit analytiquement. En se fondant sur un texte d'Abū Hāšim consacré à la connaissance humaine qui paraît se référer à l’œuvre d'al-Ḫwārizmī, l'article suggère pour finir que le parallèle conceptuel étroit entre la doctrine de la preuve d'al-Ḫwārizmī et la doctrine du signe d'Abū Hāšim pourrait ne pas être une simple coïncidence. Deux appendices ont été ajoutés. Le premier traite de la lecture par al-Fārābī de la théorie de l'inférence d'Abū Hāšim. Le second, en s'appuyant sur toutes les données disponibles, établit pour la première fois les dates correctes et précises de la vie d'Abū Hāšim.
Echocardiographic study in children with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Pinheiro Bruna S. , Barrios Patrícia M. , Souza Liliane T. , Félix Têmis M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground:Osteogenesis imperfecta is a collagen type I bone disorder. Recently, extra-skeletal manifestations have been described, including many cardiovascular alterations. This study aims to report echocardiogram study in children with osteogenesis imperfecta compared to a control group.Methods:A cross-sectional comparative study took place in the Reference Center for Treatment of Osteogenesis Imperfecta in Southern Brazil. Fifty-four patients with osteogenesis imperfecta were paired with 54 controls, based on body surface area, and echocardiogram findings were compared.Results:All cases were asymptomatic for cardiac manifestations. The case group presented significant larger values in aortic diameter, left atrium diameter, left ventricule end-diastolic diameter, left ventricule end-systolic diameter, and right ventricle diameter compared with the control group. The analysis considering the severity of osteogenesis imperfecta shows that in mild osteogenesis imperfecta, the aortic diameter (p < 0.001), left atrium diameter (p = 0.002), left ventricule end-diastolic diameter (p = 0.001), left ventricule end-systolic diameter (p = 0.026), and right ventricle diameter (p < 0.001) were significantly larger than in the control group. Patients with moderate/severe osteogenesis imperfecta had similar results, with aortic diameter (p < 0.001), left atrium diameter (p < 0.001), left ventricule end-diastolic diameter (p = 0.013), and left ventricule end-systolic diameter (0.004) statistically larger than controls. Twenty-six (48.1%) of the cases had physiological tricuspid regurgitation and in controls this finding was observed in eight (14.8%) (p < 0.001).Conclusion:Children with osteogenesis imperfecta presented cardiac function within the normal pattern, but dimensions of left ventricular dimensions were increased compared to the ones of the controls.
Counter-Terrorism Medicine: Creating a Medical Initiative Mandated by Escalating Asymmetric Attacks
Authors: Court Michael , Edwards Brydie , Issa Fadi , Voskanyan Amalia , Ciottone Gregory 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Since 2001, a burgeoning interest by health care professionals in the growing asymmetrical terrorist threat and its impact on health care preparation and response has seen significantly increased academic output around this nebulous subject. Despite this, there has failed to be a consolidation of this sub-specialty.Discussion:This editorial argues for the consolidation of the body of experience gathered since 2001 into an initiative called Counter-Terrorism Medicine (CTM). It proposes that previously discrete sub-specialty areas can be consolidated, with improvements in collective understanding, and can build on previous work to provide a non-political health care focused definition of terrorist events, based on the triad of Violence, Intent, and Heath Care Impact. It notes the importance this defining triad has in health care planning and response considerations. Finally, it defines the parameters of CTM within the larger specialty of Disaster Medicine (DM).Conclusion:There is a growing body of academic work on the health care implications of terrorism. The time is right to coalesce these into an initiative referred to as CTM and to consider this as a discrete part of DM.
Living alone, social networks in neighbourhoods, and daily fruit and vegetable consumption among middle-aged and older adults in the USA
Authors: Choi Yeon Jin , Ailshire Jennifer A , Crimmins Eileen M 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:A social network is a valuable resource in later life. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate whether social networks within homes and neighbourhoods are associated with older adults’ daily fruit and vegetable consumption.Design:Cross-sectional secondary data analysis.Setting:USA.Participants:A nationally representative sample of 6865 community-dwelling older adults over age 53 in the Health and Retirement Study – Health Care and Nutrition Survey.Results:Older adults who lived alone with no children or friends nearby had the lowest fruit and vegetable consumption. However, the daily fruit and vegetable consumption of respondents who lived alone and had children or friends nearby or those who lived with someone and had no children or friends nearby was not statistically different from those who lived with someone and had children or friends nearby. This suggests that having a social network either at home or in the neighbourhood complements the absence of living with someone or having children or friends nearby and attenuates the negative association between limited social networks and daily fruit and vegetable consumption. A greater decrease in the number of fruits and vegetables consumed was observed among men when they lived alone with no children or friends nearby.Conclusions:Special attention should be given to older adults with limited social networks, especially older adults living alone with no children or friends nearby. Provision of help with grocery shopping and meal preparation as well as social support networks and more opportunities that can improve social engagement appear to be necessary.
Assessing factors influencing adolescents’ dietary behaviours in urban Ethiopia using participatory photography
Authors: Trübswasser Ursula , Baye Kaleab , Holdsworth Michelle , Loeffen Megan , Feskens Edith JM , Talsma Elise F 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:To assess factors influencing dietary behaviours of adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Design:Using the qualitative participatory method Photovoice, participants received training on the basics of Photovoice and took photographs related to (un)healthy eating in their environment. Transcripts of individual interviews, focus group discussions and photographs were coded for thematic analysis.Setting:One private and one public school located in the same, central neighbourhood in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to explore how school populations of different socio-economic status experience the same neighbourhood environment.Participants:Twenty-six adolescents aged 14–19 years old, of which there were seventeen girls and nine boys.Results:Findings from the current study indicate that food safety concerns appear to be the major influencing factors for adolescents’ dietary choices. Unhealthy and unsafe foods appear to be widely available and/or affordable in adolescents’ neighbourhoods and almost half of the photographs taken by adolescents depicted poor hygiene conditions related to food vendors. Participants considered foods available in their environments as generally unsafe, calling for more packaged food.Conclusions:Concerns for food safety, hygiene and affordability are the dominating factors for adolescents’ food choices. These concerns, together with limited nutrition knowledge and preference for packaged foods, could make cheap, ultra-processed packaged foods more desirable.
An analytical retrospective study to determine the prevalence of childhood obesity and assess the effectiveness of current surveillance
Authors: Mclean Lucille , Phillips Richard 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
The childhood obesity epidemic is a public health crisis. Most surveillance occurs in primary care, yet there is limited guidance for the detection and management of childhood obesity.

Aims and methodology:
We sought to establish the overweight and obesity prevalence in children aged 4–11 years old in a single primary care centre. Furthermore, we assessed whether appropriate weight management referrals were considered and determined the average duration since children last had their height and weight measured.

Findings:
We detected overweight or obesity status in 29.0% of our cohort, and only one-third (31.1%) of eligible children had evidence that appropriate weight management referral was considered. The average duration since last height and weight measurement was 20.3 months.

Discussion:
Childhood obesity requires an effective and inclusive solution, and in this report, we explore whether increased surveillance is necessary and how we might achieve this.
Passive Seismic Imaging of Near Vertical Structures Around the SAFOD Site, California, Jointly Using Scattered P and SH Waves
Authors: Chang Kai , Zhang Haijiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo better illuminate structural discontinuities around the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) site, following the previous study of Zhang et al. (2009), we have extended the Generalized Radon Transform (GRT) method to jointly use scattered P and SH waves from abundant local earthquakes recorded by a local dense seismic network. A hybrid imaging condition is applied to extract consistent structures from scattered P and SH images. In this way, more robust structure information can be determined from separate images with potential artifacts. For the transverse component waveforms, coherent S‐S scattered waves after the direct SH waves can be clearly identified, and they are less interfered with by other scattered and converted waves compared to scattered P‐P waves on the vertical component. Similar to Zhang, Wang, et al. (2009), near‐vertical reflectors are imaged on both sides of the San Andreas Fault (SAF) with scattered SH waves, which is generally consistent with the imaging results using scattered P‐P waves from local earthquakes and a wide‐angle active seismic reflection profile. Compared to the P‐P scattering imaging result, the imaging result using scattered SH waves has higher resolution due to shorter S wavelength and cleaner S‐S scattered waveforms, and the SAF, as well as other reflectors around it, is better resolved. Although the resolution of the joint image obtained by combining separate imaging results from different scattered waves may be degraded, it is able to more robustly characterize strong structure discontinuities using passive seismic sources.
Liver progenitor cell-driven liver regeneration
Authors: So Juhoon , Kim Angie , Lee Seung-Hoon , Shin Donghun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe liver is a highly regenerative organ, but its regenerative capacity is compromised in severe liver diseases. Hepatocyte-driven liver regeneration that involves the proliferation of preexisting hepatocytes is a primary regeneration mode. On the other hand, liver progenitor cell (LPC)-driven liver regeneration that involves dedifferentiation of biliary epithelial cells or hepatocytes into LPCs, LPC proliferation, and subsequent differentiation of LPCs into hepatocytes is a secondary mode. This secondary mode plays a significant role in liver regeneration when the primary mode does not effectively work, as observed in severe liver injury settings. Thus, promoting LPC-driven liver regeneration may be clinically beneficial to patients with severe liver diseases. In this review, we describe the current understanding of LPC-driven liver regeneration by exploring current knowledge on the activation, origin, and roles of LPCs during regeneration. We also describe animal models used to study LPC-driven liver regeneration, given their potential to further deepen our understanding of the regeneration process. This understanding will eventually contribute to developing strategies to promote LPC-driven liver regeneration in patients with severe liver diseases.
Opto-thermoelectric microswimmers
Authors: Peng Xiaolei , Chen Zhihan , Kollipara Pavana Siddhartha , Liu Yaoran , Fang Jie , Lin Linhan , Zheng Yuebing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInspired by the “run-and-tumble” behaviours of Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells, we develop opto-thermoelectric microswimmers. The microswimmers are based on dielectric-Au Janus particles driven by a self-sustained electrical field that arises from the asymmetric optothermal response of the particles. Upon illumination by a defocused laser beam, the Janus particles exhibit an optically generated temperature gradient along the particle surfaces, leading to an opto-thermoelectrical field that propels the particles. We further discover that the swimming direction is determined by the particle orientation. To enable navigation of the swimmers, we propose a new optomechanical approach to drive the in-plane rotation of Janus particles under a temperature-gradient-induced electrical field using a focused laser beam. Timing the rotation laser beam allows us to position the particles at any desired orientation and thus to actively control the swimming direction with high efficiency. By incorporating dark-field optical imaging and a feedback control algorithm, we achieve automated propelling and navigation of the microswimmers. Our opto-thermoelectric microswimmers could find applications in the study of opto-thermoelectrical coupling in dynamic colloidal systems, active matter, biomedical sensing, and targeted drug delivery.
Viral elements and their potential influence on microbial processes along the permanently stratified Cariaco Basin redoxcline
Authors: Mara Paraskevi , Vik Dean , Pachiadaki Maria G , Suter Elizabeth A , Poulos Bonnie , Taylor Gordon T , Sullivan Matthew B , Edgcomb Virginia P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Little is known about viruses in oxygen-deficient water columns (ODWCs). In surface ocean waters, viruses are known to act as gene vectors among susceptible hosts. Some of these genes may have metabolic functions and are thus termed auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs). AMGs introduced to new hosts by viruses can enhance viral replication and/or potentially affect biogeochemical cycles by modulating key microbial pathways. Here we identify 748 viral populations that cluster into 94 genera along a vertical geochemical gradient in the Cariaco Basin, a permanently stratified and euxinic ocean basin. The viral communities in this ODWC appear to be relatively novel as 80 of these viral genera contained no reference viral sequences, likely due to the isolation and unique features of this system. We identify viral elements that encode AMGs implicated in distinctive processes, such as sulfur cycling, acetate fermentation, signal transduction, [Fe–S] formation, and N-glycosylation. These AMG-encoding viruses include two putative Mu-like viruses, and viral-like regions that may constitute degraded prophages that have been modified by transposable elements. Our results provide an insight into the ecological and biogeochemical impact of viruses oxygen-depleted and euxinic habitats.
Kinetics of humoral deficiency in CART19-treated children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Deyà-Martínez A. , Alonso-Saladrigues A. , García A. P. , Faura A. , Torrebadell M. , Vlagea A. , Català A. , Esteve-Solé A. , Juan M. , Rives S. , Alsina L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCD19-CAR T-cell therapy (CART19) causes B-cell aplasia (BCA) and dysgammaglobulinemia but there is a lack of information about the degree of its secondary immunodeficiency. We conducted a prospective study in children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated with CART19, analysing the kinetics of BCA and dysgammaglobulinemia during therapy, as well as the B-cell reconstitution in those with CART19 loss. Thirty-four patients were included (14 female) with a median age at CART19 infusion of 8.7 years (2.9–24.9). Median follow-up after infusion was 7.1 months (0.5–42). BCA was observed 7 days after infusion (3–8), with persistence at 24 months in 60% of patients. All patients developed a progressive decrease in IgM and IgA: 71% had undetectable IgM levels at 71 days (41–99) and 13% undetectable IgA levels at 185 days (11–308). Three of 12 patients had protective levels of IgA in saliva. In two of three patients who lost CART19, persistent B-cell dysfunction was observed. No severe infections occurred. In conclusion, BCA occurs soon after CART19 infusion, with a progressive decrease in IgM and IgA, and with less impairment of IgA, suggesting the possibility of an immune reservoir. A persistent B-cell dysfunction might persist after CART19 loss in this population.