bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunopathology of Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease: A reappraisal using novel immunohistochemistry markers
Authors: Sukswai Narittee , Jung Hye Ra , Amr Samir S , Ng Siok Bian , Sheikh Salwa S , Lyapichev Kirill , El Hussein Siba , Loghavi Sanam , Agbay Rose Lou Marie C , Miranda Roberto N , Medeiros L Jeffrey , Khoury Joseph D 
Published: December 2019

AimsKikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a self‐limited disease characterised by destruction of the lymph node parenchyma. Few studies have assessed the immunohistological features of KFD, and most employed limited antibody panels that lacked many of the novel immunohistochemistry markers currently available.Methods and resultsWe used immunohistochemistry to reappraise the microanatomical distribution of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), follicular helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells, B cells, follicular dendritic cell (FDC) meshworks, and histiocytes in lymph nodes involved by KFD. The study group consisted of 138 KFD patients (89 women; 64.5%) with a median age of 27 years (range, 3–50 years). Cervical lymph nodes were most commonly involved, in 108 (78.3%) patients. The numbers of pDCs were increased, predominantly around and within apoptotic areas and the paracortex, and tapering off within xanthomatous areas. pDCs formed sizeable tight clusters, most notably around apoptotic/necrotic areas. T cells consisted mostly of CD8‐positive cells with predominant expression of T‐cell receptor‐β. There were notable increases in the numbers of CD8‐positive T cells within lymphoid follicles, and their numbers correlated with alterations in FDC meshworks (P < 0.001). The number of follicular helper T cells was decreased within distorted FDC meshworks. CD21 highlighted frequent distortion of FDC meshworks, even in lymph node tissue that was distant from apoptotic/necrotic areas. Distorted FDC meshworks spanned all morphological patterns, and FDC meshwork characteristics (intact; distorted; remnant/nearly absent) correlated with morphological patterns (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe immunohistological landscape of KFD is complex and characterised by increased numbers of pDCs that frequently cluster around apoptotic/necrotic foci, increased numbers of cytotoxic T cells, and substantial distortion of FDC meshworks.
Epigenetics in rheumatoid arthritis; fibroblast‐like synoviocytes as an emerging paradigm in the pathogenesis of the disease
Authors: Karami Jafar , Aslani Saeed , Tahmasebi Mohammad Naghi , Mousavi Mohammad Javad , Sharafat Vaziri Arash , Jamshidi Ahmadreza , Farhadi Elham , Mahmoudi Mahdi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by immune dysfunctions and chronic inflammation that mainly affects diarthrodial joints. Genetics has long been surveyed in searching for the etiopathogenesis of the disease and partially clarified the conundrums within this context. Epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs, which have been considered to be involved in RA pathogenesis, likely explain the nongenetic risk factors. Epigenetic modifications may influence RA through fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLSs). It has been shown that FLSs play an essential role in the onset and exacerbation of RA, and therefore, they may illustrate some aspects of RA pathogenesis. These cells exhibit a unique DNA methylation profile in the early stage of the disease that changes with disease progression. Histone acetylation profile in RA FLSs is disrupted through the imbalance of histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylase activity. Furthermore, dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is immense. Most of these miRNAs have shown an aberrant expression in FLSs that are involved in proliferation and cytokine production. Besides, dysregulation of long noncoding RNAs in FLSs has been revealed and attributed to RA pathogenesis. Further investigations are needed to get a better view of epigenetic alterations and their interactions. We also discuss the role of these epigenetic alterations in RA pathogenesis and their therapeutic potential.
Explaining Africa's public consumption procyclicality: Revisiting old evidence
Authors: Jalles João T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper compiles a novel data set of time‐varying measures of government‐consumption cyclicality for a panel of 46 African economies between 1960 and 2014. Government consumption has, generally, been highly procyclical over time in this group of countries. However, sample averages hide serious heterogeneity across countries with the majority of them showing procyclical behaviour despite some positive signs of graduation from the “procyclicality trap” in a few cases. By means of weighted least squares regressions, we find that more developed African economies tend to have a smaller degree of government‐consumption procyclicality. Countries with higher social fragmentation, and those that are more reliant on foreign aid inflows, tend to have a more procyclical government‐consumption policy. Better governance promotes countercyclical‐fiscal policy while increased democracy dampens it. Finally, some fiscal rules are important in curbing the procyclical behaviour of government consumption.
Motivation and anxiety for dental treatment and dental attendance: The roles of the locus of causality personality and treatment styles
Authors: Halvari Anne Elisabeth Münster , Halvari Hallgeir , Deci Edward L. , Williams Geoffrey C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to test a self‐determination theory model with the following hypotheses: (1) Patients’ autonomous causality personality orientation and oral health care professionals’ autonomy‐supportive treatment styles, as perceived by patients, would both be positively indirectly associated with dental attendance through patients’ autonomous motivation for dental treatment. (2) Patients’ controlled causality personality orientation and oral health care professionals’ controlling treatment styles, as perceived by patients, would both be positively indirectly associated with avoidance of making a dental clinic appointment through patients’ anxiety for dental treatment. A sample size of about 200 patients was estimated to be acceptable in detecting moderate effect sizes (independent variables: 5–6; power: .80; p < .05). Student patients (N = 226) responded to a survey with validated questionnaires. Using LISREL, both hypotheses were supported. In addition, patients’ perception of a controlling treatment style moderated the controlled personality—dental anxiety relation, so that a lower controlling treatment style mitigated dental anxiety substantially among patients with a high control orientation. Effect sizes were moderate to large. Analyses (Z‐scores) also revealed that the autonomous personality is more strongly linked to situational autonomous motivation than situational autonomy support, whereas a controlled personality and a perceived controlling treatment style are equally and significantly associated to dental anxiety. Both patient personalities and oral health care professionals’ treatment styles are substantially linked to autonomous motivation and anxiety for dental treatment, which are relatively strongly associated with dental attendance and avoiding dental clinic appointments, respectively.
Diagnostic performance of a deep learning convolutional neural network in the differentiation of combined naevi and melanomas
Authors: Fink C. , Blum A. , Buhl T. , Mitteldorf C. , Hofmann‐Wellenhof R. , Deinlein T. , Stolz W. , Trennheuser L. , Cussigh C. , Deltgen D. , Winkler J.K. , Toberer F. , Enk A. , Rosenberger A. , Haenssle H.A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDeep learning convolutional neural networks (CNN) may assist physicians in the diagnosis of melanoma. The capacity of a CNN to differentiate melanomas from combined naevi, the latter representing well‐known melanoma simulators, has not been investigated.ObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic performance of a CNN when used to differentiate melanomas from combined naevi in comparison with dermatologists.MethodsIn this study, a CNN with regulatory approval for the European market (Moleanalyzer‐Pro, FotoFinder Systems GmbH, Bad Birnbach, Germany) was used. We attained a dichotomous classification (benign, malignant) in dermoscopic images of 36 combined naevi and 36 melanomas with a mean Breslow thickness of 1.3 mm. Primary outcome measures were the CNN's sensitivity, specificity and the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) in comparison with 11 dermatologists with different levels of experience.ResultsThe CNN revealed a sensitivity, specificity and DOR of 97.1% (95% CI [82.7–99.6]), 78.8% (95% CI [62.8–89.1.3]) and 34 (95% CI [4.8–239]), respectively. Dermatologists showed a lower mean sensitivity, specificity and DOR of 90.6% (95% CI [84.1–94.7]; P = 0.092), 71.0% (95% CI [62.6–78.1]; P = 0.256) and 24 (95% CI [11.6–48.4]; P = 0.1114). Under the assumption that dermatologists use the CNN to verify their (initial) melanoma diagnosis, dermatologists achieve an increased specificity of 90.3% (95% CI [79.8–95.6]) at an almost unchanged sensitivity. The largest benefit was observed in ‘beginners’, who performed worst without CNN verification (DOR = 12) but best with CNN verification (DOR = 98).ConclusionThe tested CNN more accurately classified combined naevi and melanomas in comparison with trained dermatologists. Their diagnostic performance could be improved if the CNN was used to confirm/overrule an initial melanoma diagnosis. Application of a CNN may therefore be of benefit to clinicians.
Effects of a healthy diet enriched or not with pecan nuts or extra‐virgin olive oil on the lipid profile of patients with stable coronary artery disease: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Campos V. P. , Portal V. L. , Markoski M. M. , Quadros A. S. , Bersch‐Ferreira Â. C. , Garavaglia J. , Marcadenti A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to assess the effect of a healthy diet, enriched or not with pecan nuts or extra‐virgin olive oil, on the lipid profile of patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsThis was a randomised clinical trial conducted for 12 weeks with patients aged between 40 and 80 years with stable CAD for more than 60 days. Individuals were randomised into groups [control group (CG) with 67 patients, pecan nut group (PNG) with 68 patients and olive oil group (OOG) with 69 patients]. The CG was prescribed a healthy diet according to the nutritional guidelines; the PNG was prescribed the same healthy diet plus 30 g day−1 of pecan nuts; and the OOG was prescribed a healthy diet plus 30 mL day−1 of extra‐virgin olive oil.ResultsIn total, 204 subjects were submitted to an intention‐to‐treat analysis. After adjustment for baseline values and type of statin used, there was no difference regarding low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol (primary outcome), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol/HDL‐cholesterol ratio and HDL‐cholesterol/triglycerides ratio according to groups. However, the PNG exhibited a significant reduction in non‐HDL‐cholesterol levels [PNG: 114.9 (31) mg dL−1; CG: 127 (33.6) mg dL−1; OOG: 126.6 (37.4) mg dL−1; P = 0.033] and in the total cholesterol/HDL‐cholesterol ratio [PNG: 3.7 (0.7); CG: 4.0 (0.8); OOG: 4.0 (0.8); P = 0.044] compared to the CG and OOG.ConclusionsSupplementing a healthy diet with 30 g day−1 of pecan nuts for 12 weeks did not improve LDL‐cholesterol levels but may improve other lipid profile markers in patients with stable CAD.
Restoration of the inferomedial orbital strut using a standardized three‐dimensional printing implant
Authors: Kim Jun Hyeok , Lee In‐Gyu , Lee Jeong‐Seok , Oh Deuk Young , Jun Young Joon , Rhie Jong Won , Shim Jin‐Hyung , Moon Suk‐Ho 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe inferomedial orbital strut (IOS) is the thin bony junction of the orbital medial wall and floor. Its fracture is common and leads to serious complications, including enophthalmos, globe dystopia and diplopia. However, anatomical restoration of the IOS is challenging owing to reduced structural support; sound anatomical background and accurate implants are therefore essential. The aim of the present study was to incorporate data from cadaveric orbit anatomy into three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology and to reconstruct the complex orbital fracture elaborately. After averaging the data from computed tomography (CT) images of 100 adult cadavers, the dimensions of the IOS were extracted, and a tangent sphere was created using a computer‐aided design program. The curves were compared with the CT data of 10 adult patients from the simulation test. Based on these data, a standardized 3D implant, 1.15 mm thick, was designed using polycaprolactone. The implant was placed in five patients with complex orbital fractures. The radius of the sphere in contact with the orbit, measuring 33.54 mm, was confirmed to be appropriate. A comparison between the normal side volume (V0) and the postoperative volume (Vpost) showed that they were statistically similar. Furthermore, a comparison between V0 and the preoperative volume (Vpre), and Vpost compared with Vpre also showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). On follow‐up, the preoperative ocular symptoms were resolved. The orbital data obtained from 100 cadavers provided standardized orbital anatomy, and 3D printed implants were created. The implants were anatomically accurate with regard to the orbital cavity and adequately covered the simulation model. The implant also showed satisfactory results when applied clinically in actual patients.
Psychosocial determinants of adherence to oral antidiabetic medication among people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Jannuzzi Fernanda F. , Cornélio Marilia E. , São‐João Thaís M. , Gallani Maria‐Cecília , Godin Gaston , Rodrigues Roberta C. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to identify the psychosocial determinants of adherence to oral antidiabetic medication, according to the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB).BackgroundAppropriate adherence to oral antidiabetic medication contributes to long‐term glycaemic control. However, glycaemic control is often poor in people with type 2 diabetes, mainly due to the poor adherence to oral antidiabetic agents.DesignProspective study with 2 waves of data collection, based on STROBE checklist was conducted. One hundred and fifty‐seven adults with type 2 diabetes, in chronic use of oral antidiabetic agents, composed the sample. At baseline, self‐reported measures of medication adherence (proportion and global evaluation of adherence) and of metabolic control (glycated haemoglobin) of diabetes were obtained.MethodsThe TPB main constructs (attitude, subjective norm and perceived control) and related beliefs were measured. Adherence and metabolic control measurements were obtained in a two‐month follow‐up (n = 157).ResultsAttitude and subjective norm, together, explained 30% of the variability in intention; their underlying belief‐based measures (behavioural and normative beliefs) explained 28% of the variability in intention. In addition, intention predicted behaviour at follow‐up. However, when added to the prediction model, past behaviour was the only explanatory factor of adherence behaviour.ConclusionAdherence behaviour to oral antidiabetic medication was predicted by intention, which, in turn, was determined by attitude and subjective norm. In order to promote adherence to oral antidiabetic agents, health professionals should include motivational strategies as well as strategies targeted to attitude and subjective norm when designing interventions.Relevance to clinical practiceThe nonadherence to antidiabetic medication contributes to lack of control of diabetes and ensuing complications. The comprehension of the factors explaining the variability in medication adherence can inform the design of theory‐based interventions aimed at promoting this behaviour.
Occupational stress facing nurse academics—A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Singh Charanjit , Cross Wendy , Munro Ian , Jackson Debra 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo better understand occupational stress faced by nurse academics.MethodsA mixed‐methods systematic review, following the Joanna Briggs Institute [JBI], (Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual: 2014 edition, 2014) process. Studies were assessed for quality and risk of bias by using standardised critical appraisal instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute. In addition, processes and reporting were checked against the Equator guidelines. See Appendix S1.ResultsThe review revealed that nursing academics do experience occupational stress, including burnout. Occupational stress for academic nurses is associated with various factors including work–life balance, workload issues, resources and support, and adapting to change. However, much of the literature focuses on nurses during the initial transition from clinical to academic environment, with rather less focus on established mid‐to‐late career nurse academics.DiscussionOccupational stress and burnout are evident in the university academic workforce, adversely affecting the well‐being of academic nurses, and the long‐term sustainability of the academic nursing workforce. While there is considerable literature focusing on the novice academic nurse, particularly during the transition period, rather less is known about occupational stress among academic nurses across the career trajectory. Various strategies to deal with the negative consequences of occupational stress are identified, including (a) quality mentors for novice and younger nursing academics; (b) training in resilience building for novice academics; (c) supporting collegial relationships and reducing bullying; (d) assistance for professional development and research; (e) better support and resources to overcome increasing workloads; and (f) greater work‐related empowerment to enhance job satisfaction.ConclusionThere is a need for a broader whole‐of‐career research focus to more fully identify, explore and mitigate the occupational stressors that negatively affect the academic nurse workforce.Relevance to clinical practice

A strong and resilient academic nurse workforce is essential for the sustainability of the profession.

Organisations should review their work practices and provide greater work‐related empowerment to reduce occupational stressors among nursing academics.
The influence of indigestible protein on broiler digestive tract morphology and caecal protein fermentation metabolites
Authors: Bryan Dervan D. S. L. , Abbott Dawn A. , Van Kessel Andrew G. , Classen Henry L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIndigestible dietary protein fermentation products have been suggested to negatively influence broiler performance due to their impact on health and digestive tract morphology. This study evaluated the digestive tract morphology and caecal protein fermentation metabolites of broiler fed 3 dietary protein levels (24%, 26% and 28%) with low or high indigestible protein (LIP, HIP). Two completely randomized 3 × 2 factorial trials were conducted with protein level (PL) and indigestible protein (IDP) as the main factors. In both trials, birds received six diets (24‐LIP, 24‐HIP, 26‐LIP, 26‐HIP, 28‐LIP and 28 HIP) formulated with no medication. On day 5, trial 1 birds were vaccinated with Coccivac‐B52, while trial 2 received no vaccine. Tissue and caecal samples were collected and caecal contents analysed for fermentation metabolites. Differences were considered significant when p ≤ .05. The LIP treatment caecal content in trial 1 at 14 days had greater histamine, agmatine and cadaverine levels, while HIP diets resulted in increased serotonin, tryptamine and spermidine. Histamine, serotonin and tryptamine at day 28 were not affected by IDP, and ammonia was not affected by treatments at day 14 or day 28. At day 14, HIP birds had lower total short‐chain fatty acids, higher caecal pH and heavier pancreas, proventriculus, gizzard, jejunum and ileum weights. The same effects of IDP found in trial 1 were observed for histamine, agmatine, cadaverine, serotonin, tryptamine and spermidine at day 21 in trial 2. Trial 2 had a PL‐by‐IDP interaction influencing tyramine, spermidine (28‐LIP > 24‐LIP) and spermine with values increasing with PL for LIP diets and remaining constant for HIP diets. An interaction between PL and IDP was found for ammonia level and was similar to interactions for biogenic amines. In conclusion, dietary PL and IDP influence broiler caecal protein fermentation metabolites and those effects varied with coccidiosis vaccination and rearing environment.
The European Academy for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia: An initiative of the European Insomnia Network to promote implementation and dissemination of treatment
Authors: Baglioni Chiara , Altena Ellemarije , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Blom Kerstin , Bothelius Kristoffer , Devoto Alessandra , Espie Colin A. , Frase Lukas , Gavriloff Dimitri , Tuuliki Hion , Hoflehner Andrea , Högl Birgit , Holzinger Brigitte , Järnefelt Heli , Jernelöv Susanna , Johann Anna F. , Lombardo Caterina , Nissen Christoph , Palagini Laura , Peeters Geert , Perlis Michael L. , Posner Donn , Schlarb Angelika , Spiegelhalder Kai , Wichniak Adam , Riemann Dieter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInsomnia, the most prevalent sleep disorder worldwide, confers marked risks for both physical and mental health. Furthermore, insomnia is associated with considerable direct and indirect healthcare costs. Recent guidelines in the US and Europe unequivocally conclude that cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) should be the first‐line treatment for the disorder. Current treatment approaches are in stark contrast to these clear recommendations, not least across Europe, where, if any treatment at all is delivered, hypnotic medication still is the dominant therapeutic modality. To address this situation, a Task Force of the European Sleep Research Society and the European Insomnia Network met in May 2018. The Task Force proposed establishing a European CBT‐I Academy that would enable a Europe‐wide system of standardized CBT‐I training and training centre accreditation. This article summarizes the deliberations of the Task Force concerning definition and ingredients of CBT‐I, preconditions for health professionals to teach CBT‐I, the way in which CBT‐I should be taught, who should be taught CBT‐I and to whom CBT‐I should be administered. Furthermore, diverse aspects of CBT‐I care and delivery were discussed and incorporated into a stepped‐care model for insomnia.
The role of ethylene in metabolic acclimations to low oxygen
Authors: Hartman Sjon , Sasidharan Rashmi , Voesenek Laurentius A. C. J. 
Published: December 2019

SummarySubmerged plants ultimately suffer from shortage in cellular oxygen availability (hypoxia) as a result of impaired gas diffusion underwater. The gaseous plant hormone ethylene is rapidly entrapped in submerged plant tissues and is an established regulator of morphological and anatomical flood‐adaptive responses. Multiple recent discoveries suggest that ethylene also plays a crucial role in hypoxia anticipation and metabolic acclimation during plant submergence. Ethylene was shown to accelerate and enhance the hypoxic response through enhanced stability of specific transcription factors (group VII ethylene response factors). Moreover, we suggest that ethylene could play an important role in the induction of autophagy and promote reactive oxygen species amelioration, thereby contributing to enhanced survival during flooding, hypoxia, and reoxygenation stress.