bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research to Translation: The Healthy Schools Toolkit and New Approaches to the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Model
Authors: Purnell Jason Q. , Lobb Dougherty Nikole , Kryzer Emily K. , Bajracharya Smriti , Chaitan Veronica L. , Combs Todd , Ballard Ellis , Simpson Allie , Caburnay Charlene , Poor Timothy J. , Pearson Charles J. , Reiter Crystal , Adams Kelvin R. , Brown Michael 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model is an evidence‐based comprehensive framework to address health in schools. WSCC model use improves health and educational outcomes, but implementation remains a challenge.METHODSWorking with 6 schools in 2 districts in the Midwest, we used a mixed‐methods approach to determine the people, systems, and messages needed to activate WSCC implementation. We report on social network analysis and message testing findings and research translation to develop the Healthy Schools Toolkit.RESULTSSocial networks for both districts included more than 150 individuals. Both demonstrated network densities less than half of the desirable threshold, with evidence of clustering by role and minimal cross‐school relationships, posing challenges for WSCC implementation. Across stakeholder groups, messages that emphasize empathy, teamwork, and action were well‐received, especially when shared by trusted individuals through communication channels that align with stakeholder needs.CONCLUSIONSThe Healthy Schools Toolkit provides an example of a translational product that helps to bridge research with practice. With features that highlight 6 design principles, the toolkit provides complementary activities that schools and districts can use as they plan for integration of the WSCC model.
Applying a Structural‐Competency Framework to the Implementation of Strategies to Reduce Disparities for Sexual and Gender Minority Youth
Authors: Shattuck Daniel G. , Willging Cathleen E. , Green Amy E. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) are at high risk for adverse health outcomes. Safer schools decrease this risk. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has identified 6 practices that can make schools safer for SGMY, yet few US schools implement them all. We apply a structural competency framework to elucidate factors contributing to this implementation gap.METHODSWe conducted 75 interviews and 32 focus groups with school professionals in 18 New Mexico high schools to assess factors impacting implementation of the practices over 2 years. We analyzed data using iterative coding, thematic identification techniques, and the sensitizing concept of structural competency.RESULTSThemes included: rendering an invisible population visible; critical thinking about LGBTQ inequalities; building school personnel capacity; intersecting cultural, religious, and political conflicts; and tackling community‐based sources of stigma and discrimination.ConclusionsUnderlying cultural and structural forces render SGMY invisible and constrain what schools can accomplish. Professional development encouraging critical thinking about structural inequities is foundational, but efforts to close the implementation gap must attend to structural forces producing disparities for SGMY. Structural competency can strengthen the ability of the Whole School, Whole Community, and Whole Child model's cross‐sector coordination of policy and process to meet the needs of every student.
Physician‐faculty perceptions towards teaching incentives: A case study at a children’s hospital
Authors: Federico Martinez Guadalupe , Giblin Casey R. , Willis Brigham C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeThis exploratory study examines affiliate physician‐faculty perceptions and attitudes regarding a teaching incentive programme at a free‐standing children's hospital in the United States. We describe the compensation model and present faculty interpretations of its influence on the institutional culture.MethodsA case study methodology was applied to understand the sociological aspects of academic productivity interventions. In‐depth interviews, direct observation of leadership meetings, teaching activity logs, organisational theoretical lens and survey results were used for methodological triangulation. Data from these multiple sources were coded and discussed between investigators iteratively to identify core themes.ResultsOf the faculty eligible for the incentive, 32 engaged in in‐depth interviews (N = 32/107; 30%) and 88 (interviewees included) in the survey (N = 88/107; 82%). Findings suggest that while the implementation made some strides in mitigating barriers for some, for others gaps were identified that suggest further exploration within this domain of study is warranted. The incentive implementation was perceived as strategic, intending to encourage the academic culture of the hospital, though participants commonly expressed confusion about the rationale behind the omission of teaching allocations in formal contracts. However, high satisfaction levels for the programme as a conduit to change were evident. There was a perception of a shift in the collective faculty morale that reflected an evolving institutional culture that increased enthusiasm for teaching. Finally, faculty noted their perception that institutions that employ teaching incentives could positively influence faculty recruitment.ConclusionWe found a modest incentive‐based reward for teaching activity was successful in informing the perceptions of faculty regarding their institution's academic prestige goals and teaching recognition. Such programmes, while requiring a small investment of time and resources by institutional leadership, can convey that the educational mission remains a priority in this era of increasing clinical and administrative pressure and an institutional culture that may positively influence faculty morale and dedication to teaching.
Advanced endoscopic imaging for detecting and guiding therapy of early neoplasias of the esophagus
Authors: Mashimo Hiroshi , Gordon Stuart R. , Singh Satish K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEsophageal cancers, largely adenocarcinoma in Western countries and squamous cell cancer in Asia, present a significant burden of disease and remain one of the most lethal of cancers. Key to improving survival is the development and adoption of new imaging modalities to identify early neoplastic lesions, which may be small, multifocal, subsurface, and difficult to detect by standard endoscopy. Such advanced imaging is particularly relevant with the emergence of ablative techniques that often require multiple endoscopic sessions and may be complicated by bleeding, pain, strictures, and recurrences. Assessing the specific location, depth of involvement, and features correlated with neoplastic progression or incomplete treatment may optimize treatments. While not comprehensive of all endoscopic imaging modalities, we review here some of the recent advances in endoscopic luminal imaging, particularly with surface contrast enhancement using virtual chromoendoscopy, highly magnified subsurface imaging with confocal endomicroscopy, optical coherence tomography, elastic scattering spectroscopy, angle‐resolved low‐coherence interferometry, and light scattering spectroscopy. While there is no single ideal imaging modality, various multimodal instruments are also being investigated. The future of combining computer‐aided assessments, molecular markers, and improved imaging technologies to help localize and ablate early neoplastic lesions shed hope for improved disease outcome.
Transarticular Screw Fixation in the Treatment of Severe C1–C2 Dislocation: A Case Series Report
Authors: Du Hoang Gia , Phuoc Vu Xuan , Hoang Nguyen Duc , Dung Tran Trung , Van Trung Nguyen 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundTo aim of the present paper was to evaluate the results of halo traction and transarticular screw fixation combined with bone autoplasty in patients with severe atlantoaxial dislocation.Case presentationThis is a retrospective study of severe cases of atlantoaxial dislocation in nine patients (six men and three women) treated with preoperative halo traction and posterior C1–C2 transarticular screw fixation combined with bone autoplasty from June 2006 to June 2011 at the Saint Paul Hospital (Hanoi). The mean age of patients was 37.48 ± 13.753 years (range, 26–50 years). The possibility of fixing dislocation using a halo apparatus was investigated through a series of preoperative halo corrections performed within a span of 1–2 weeks. For transarticular screw fixation, two transarticular screws were used that were positioned according to the Magerl technique. For bone autoplasty, an iliac crest bone graft approximately 3 × 2 cm in size was used. The postoperative assessment of clinical improvement was performed using the neck disability index (NDI), the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale, and the visual analog scale (VAS) measurement instruments, through the gradation of atlantoaxial dislocation, and via the clivoaxial angle(CAA) index and the space available for cord (SAC) index after 6 months. The image diagnosis demonstrates that all the cases of atlantoaxial dislocations are unstable and correspond to the Fielding and Hawkins type III dislocation. Eight patients underwent complete reduction using the halo fixation device. In one patient, the C1–C2 displacement was manually reduced during surgery. CT scanning revealed that the accuracy of screw placement was 94.4%. The bone fusion rate was 100% after 6 months. Based on the ASIA impairment scale, the preoperative examination of patients revealed grade C injuries in seven patients and grade D injuries in two patients. After surgery, all patients had grade D injuries. Six months after surgery, four patients had moderate self‐reported neck disability (30%–48%) and five patients reported mild disability (10%–28%); that is, the patient perception of the neck problem improved. In the postoperative phase, all patients showed an improvement in VAS pain scores and the SAC score returned to the normal range in all patients. The CAA returned to normal in only seven patients; in the other two patients, the CAA returned to a value that was close to normal (145° and 149°).ConclusionThrough halo traction combined with transarticular screw fixation and bone autoplasty, noticeable postoperative improvements were attained based on the clinical scores for NDI, ASIA, and VAS, as well as SAC and CAA.
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 with Severe Dystrophic Kyphosis: Surgical Treatment and Prognostic Analysis of 27 Patients
Authors: Cai Siyi , Tian Ye , Qiu Guixing , Zhang Jianguo , Shen Jianxiong , Zhao Hong , Zhao Yu 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to explore the surgical treatment and prognosis of 27 cases of neurofibromatosis type 1 with severe dystrophic kyphosis.MethodsWe performed surgical treatment for scoliosis and kyphosis caused by dystrophic curves at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China from December 2015 to December 2017. The study included 21 patients with moderate to severe kyphosis, 12 males and 9 females, with an average age of 14.95 ± 6.05 years. All patients had kyphosis angles greater than 70° and had more than four skeletal developmental defects. A total of 6 patients with severe kyphosis, 2 males and 4 females, with an average age of 12.5 years, had more than five skeletal developmental defects with a kyphosis angle greater than 90° or a lumbar kyphosis angle greater than 40°. According to the patient's own situation, we adopted a low‐grade surgery scheme (grades 1 or 2) or a high‐grade surgery scheme (grades 3–6). The low‐grade surgery was mainly lower articular surface resection or pontodestomy, and the high‐grade surgery was mainly apical vertebral body or upper discectomy. All patients were followed up to determine their prognosis.ResultsStatistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference in preoperative and postoperative scores between the two groups (P < 0.05), and scoliosis correction showed that surgical treatment had a significant effect on scoliosis kyphosis. The mean follow‐up time was 66.7 months. Follow‐up results showed that 50% of complications after internal fixation were related to high‐level surgery. Complications included displacement of the titanium cage, removal of the lamina hook, formation of pseudoarthrosis, and internal fixation failure (with a rate of 7.7%–14.3%). In contrast, there were no associated symptoms for low‐grade surgery. In addition, the results showed that gender, age, extent of resection, height, and body mass index had no significant effect on preoperative, postoperative, and prognostic indicators of patients (P > 0.05).ConclusionEarly identification of dysplastic scoliosis‐related deformities plays an important role in surgical planning and prognosis, and low‐level surgical procedures are more favorable for patients' prognosis.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy with intraoperative epicardial mapping via minithoracotomy: 10 years’ experience
Authors: Hejjel László , Németh Marianna , Melczer László , Kónyi Attila 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is considered an efficient method to improve the left ventricular (LV) dysfunction with left bundle branch block. However, coronary venous anatomy is not appropriate in about 10% of the cases; thus other alternatives, such as epicardial lead implantation via minithoracotomy are needed.MethodsDuring the period 2007‐2017, a total of 57 patients were operated at our institute via left anterior minithoracotomy after an unsuccessful transvenous CRT. The best position of the LV epicardial electrode was determined by intraoperative epicardial mapping, that is locating the latest activation spot relative to the right ventricular (RV) electrode. The authors analyzed the survival by Kaplan‐Meier estimator with Tarone‐Ware equality test and multiple Cox regression analysis, the changes of the LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and dimensions, the development of the impedance and threshold of the LV epicardial electrode, the possible associations between the survival and intraoperative sensed RV‐LV activation delay.ResultsThe intraoperative RV‐LV activation delay was 92.250 ± 26.538 milliseconds. There were no intraoperative complications except ventricular fibrillation in three patients. Within 30 days there were neither wound healing complications nor pocket hematoma. There was no significant difference in survival with regard to gender or etiology, but significantly better survival was found in the cohort with intraoperative sensed RV‐LV activation delay >86 milliseconds. The LVEF and dimensions improved following the operation and continued to be improved in the survivors.ConclusionCRT via minithoracotomy with epicardial mapping is a safe, efficient, simple, and reproducible second‐line alternative to the transvenous method.
Tailored ablation index for pulmonary vein isolation according to wall thickness within the ablation circle
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhou Genqing , Chen Songwen , Wei Yong , Lu Xiaofeng , Xu Juan , Wu Xiaoyu , Liu Shaowen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAblation index (AI), a novel lesion quality marker, includes contact force, time, and power of radiofrequency (RF) application, but not regional variation in wall thickness within the wide antral catheter ablation (WACA) circle. This study explored the relationships among AI target value, atrial wall thickness, and gap formation within the WACA circle in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF).MethodsWe evaluated 102 consecutive patients (mean age, 65 ± 9 years) with PAF who underwent AI‐guided WACA for ipsilateral pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Each WACA circle was subdivided into eight segments, and overall 7143 RF applications were delivered, including 125 gaps in PVI ablation lines. For each RF tag within the ablation circle, we collected data on ablation lesion depth surrogates (time of application, delivery power, impedance drop, average contact force, force‐time integral [FTI], and AI) and left atrial wall thickness measured by multidetector computer tomography scanning.ResultsThe anterior and roof walls were the thickest segments of the ablation circle, in which 85.8% of gaps concentrated, while the posterior and inferior walls were the thinnest. Gap formation was significantly associated with FTI, AI, wall thickness, FTI/wall thickness, and AI/wall thickness. AI/wall thickness had the highest predictive value for gap formation, with a cutoff of 195.6 au/mm for effective ablation.ConclusionsIn AI‐guided PVI of PAF, AI/wall thickness by normalizing myocardial thickness variation along the WACA circle was a strong predictor of gap formation, with a target of 195.6 au/mm appearing suitable for effective ablation.
An examination of the relationship between applicant race and accrued recruitment source information: Implications for applicant withdrawal and test performance
Authors: McFarland Lynn A. , Kim Youngsang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe examine the role of accrued recruitment source diagnosticity (i.e., cumulative information from recruitment sources) and show its importance in enhancing diversity in recruitment and selection. First, based on social network and homophily theories, we propose that racial minority candidates will be less likely to use diagnostic recruitment sources, and this lack of use contributes to less organizational attraction and greater withdrawal. Second, based on the realism hypothesis, we theorize that racial differences in accrued recruitment source diagnosticity contribute (in part) to racial differences in selection test performance. Using a sample of candidates in a high‐stakes selection context, we find that White applicants are significantly more likely to use the most diagnostic sources (compared to non‐Whites). Further, applicants with higher accrued recruitment source diagnosticity show greater organizational attraction (before and after testing), withdraw from the hiring process in fewer numbers, and perform significantly better on the selection tests. Altogether, these findings have important theoretical implications because they identify a fairly neglected determinant of recruitment and selection outcomes (accrued recruitment source diagnosticity) and may yield practical implications by suggesting actionable ways organizations can help reduce subgroup differences and enhance diversity.
New records of Chondracanthus saundersii and Schottera koreana (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from Japan based on molecular and morphological analyses
Authors: Suzuki Masahiro , Terada Ryuta , Shibata Kensuke , Kawai Hiroshi 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYWe report two red algal species, Chondracanthus saundersii C.W. Schneider & C.E. Lane (Gigartinaceae, Gigartinales) and Schottera koreana M.S. Calderon, T.H. Seo & S.M. Boo (Phyllophoraceae, Gigartinales), from Japan for the first time based on molecular and morphological analyses. A C. saundersii specimen was collected at a depth of 35 m offshore of Mageshima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. The rbcL and COI‐5P (cox1) sequences of C. saundersii form a clade with the type specimen from Bermuda and additional specimens from Cuba and Brazil. Morphologically, C. saundersii is characterized by the presence of secondary attachments, compressed to flattened axes up to 1 mm in width, and a looser medulla. Two specimens of S. koreana were collected in lower intertidal to subtidal waters at Ohara, Chiba Prefecture, and Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. The rbcL sequences of S. koreana were closely related to reported sequences of specimens from South Korea including the type specimens. Morphologically, S. koreana is characterized by the presence of unicellular colorless hair developed from cortical cells.
Combination of resistance and aerobic exercise for six months improves bone mass and physical function in HIV infected individuals: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ghayomzadeh Morteza , Earnest Conrad P. , Hackett Daniel , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Navalta James Wilfred , Gholami Mohammad , Hosseini Rouzbahani Negin , Mohraz Minoo , Voltarelli Fabrício Azevedo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of combined resistance and aerobic training (RT+AT) on regional bone mineral density (BMD) and physical performance in people living with HIV (PLWH). Forty PLWH (20 men and 20 women) were randomized into RT+AT group (n = 20; age = 38.3 ± 4.9) or non‐exercise control group (n = 20; age = 37.9 ± 5.1). The RT+AT group was required to perform a nonlinear periodized resistance training program targeting large muscle groups followed by 20 min aerobic exercise at 65‐80% of maximal heart rate. Participants in RT+AT performed three supervised sessions per week for 6‐months, whereas participants in the control group were instructed to continue with their current lifestyle habits. The primary outcome was bone mineral density (lumbar spine (L2‐L4), femoral neck, and distal 1/3 radius). Secondary outcomes included physical function, anthropometry, inflammatory markers, and growth factors. The RT+AT group demonstrated a significant increase in BMD at follow‐up for the Lumbar spine (L2‐L4), femoral neck, and 1/3 radius (all, P < .05), and There were no gender differences in the training response between men and women for any of the BMD regions. Similar findings were also observed for lean body mass, IGF1and Adiponectin (P < .001). We observed a decrease in percent body fat, fat mass, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and myostatin in the RT+AT group (P < .001). Finally, there was a significant increase in handgrip strength and gait speed for both women and men in the RT+AT group (P < .001). A combination of resistance and aerobic training appears to be a feasible and effective means for counteracting bone loss and improving various inflammatory markers, physical function, and growth hormones in PLWH.
The Structure of Social Cohesion: An Analysis of Its Levels and Dimensions in Mexico City1
Authors: Martínez‐Martínez Oscar A. , Rodríguez‐Brito Anidelys , Ramírez‐López Araceli 
Published: November 2020

This article aims to conceptualize and assess social cohesion in Mexico, taking into account their multilevel and multidimensional nature. To measure social cohesion levels and dimensions, we used the Social Welfare Survey (N = 2871) for the 16 municipalities in Mexico City. Then, we employed the distance method to construct a social cohesion index. In addition, we define social cohesion degrees (very high, high, medium, and low) to explore the relevance of each indicator. The findings suggest that the objective and subjective indicators at the meso‐level has the highest contribution, regardless of the territory or degrees of cohesion. This finding suggests that neighborhoods are well organized for solving everyday problems. Meanwhile, the willingness to help both friends and members of one’s network was not a priority, which can be explained by the suspicion toward other people and the prevalent economic conditions.