bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel tobacco products including electronic cigarette and heated tobacco products increase risk of allergic rhinitis and asthma in adolescents: Analysis of Korean youth survey
Authors: Chung Soo Jie , Kim Byung‐Keun , Oh Ji Hyun , Shim Ji‐Su , Chang Yoon‐Seok , Cho Sang‐Heon , Yang Min‐Suk 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of novel tobacco products, such as electronic cigarettes (EC) and heated tobacco products (HTP), on allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma is not well known.ObjectiveTo evaluate the health effect of novel tobacco products on asthma and AR.MethodsThis study was conducted using large survey data on Korean middle and high school students. The relationship between current asthma/AR and novel tobacco products user status was evaluated. In order to compare the combined effects of conventional cigarette (CC), EC, and HTP use on current allergic diseases, the participants were classified into 18 groups based on CC (current, former, and never), EC (current, former, and never), and HTP (ever and never) status.ResultsA total of 60,040 participants representing 2,850,118 Korean adolescents were analyzed. Of all participants, 6.7%, 2.7%, and 2.9% were current CC, current EC, and ever HTP users, respectively. Current CC and ever HTP use was significantly associated with current asthma and AR in adjusted models. Current EC showed association with current AR but the association with asthma disappeared in the adjusted model. Among 18 groups, the groups including current CC use showed higher risk of current AR and asthma than never HTP‐never EC‐never CC group. The odds ratio of current asthma especially increased more in those who used EC and/or HTP with CC concurrently than those in the never HTP‐never EC‐current CC user group.ConclusionUsing EC and/or HTP in adolescents might enhance the adverse effect of CC on AR and asthma.
Large size and haemorrhage are not contraindications to laparoscopic resection of hepatocellular adenoma
Authors: McKay Bartholomew , Webber Laurence , Manoharan Bavahuna , Miller Gregory , Clouston Andrew , Bryant Richard , Cavallucci David , O'Rourke Nicholas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is a hepatocyte derived neoplastic lesion with an increasing incidence and a strong association with oestrogen therapy. Laparoscopic resection has proven safe for small, non‐ruptured lesions whilst its use for large adenomas (≥10 cm) and cases of haemorrhage requires further investigation.MethodsAll patients undergoing liver resection for HCA at the Royal Brisbane Hospital between January 2003 and April 2018 were analysed. Ethics approval was obtained.ResultsThirty‐three laparoscopic and three open resections were performed in 35 patients, all female, with a median age of 35 years (range 14–75). Nine laparoscopic resections were performed for large adenomas (≥10 cm) and 17 laparoscopic resections were performed for adenomas of intermediate size (5–9.9 cm). Only one conversion to open surgery was required for an intermediate sized tumour. Haemorrhage, either intratumoural, intraparenchymal or free intraperitoneal was the indication for resection in six of the 33 laparoscopic cases. Median operative time was 143 and 266 min for laparoscopically resected intermediate and large lesions, respectively. The median length of stay was 5 days (range 4–9) and no major complications were observed in the laparoscopic group. β‐catenin mutation was seen in four of nine large adenomas whereas the inflammatory subtype constituted 11 of 17 intermediate sized lesions.ConclusionLaparoscopic surgery has been demonstrated to be safe for the resection of HCA in this group of patients. Importantly, haemorrhage and/or large size were not barriers to laparoscopic resection.
One‐year visual outcomes and optical quality of femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction and Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL V4c) implantation for high myopia
Authors: Niu Lingling , Miao Huamao , Tian Mi , Fu Dan , Wang Xiaoying , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeTo compare one‐year visual outcomes and optical quality after femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and Visian Implantable Collamer Lens with a central hole (ICL V4c) implantation for high myopia.MethodsThis prospective non‐randomized study included 37 eyes of 20 patients who underwent SMILE (G‐S) and 39 eyes of 20 patients who underwent ICL V4c implantation (G‐V). Spherical equivalent (SE), uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, retinal image quality and intraocular scattering were evaluated at one year after surgery. Each model was adjusted for age, gender, eye and preoperative SE during treatment.ResultsAt the one‐year follow‐up, G‐S and G‐V showed similar safety index (1.13 ± 0.13 and 1.11 ± 0.15, respectively) and efficacy index (1.05 ± 0.14 and 1.06 ± 0.15, respectively). All 21 eyes with Toric ICL (TICL) had a postoperative astigmatism of ≤0.5 dioptres (D), while the astigmatism was ≤0.5 D in all G‐S eyes. Thirty‐six G‐S eyes (97%) and 35 G‐V eyes (90%) were within ± 0.5 D of the target SE. The changes in the modulation transfer function cut‐off frequency (MTFcut‐off) and the objective scatter index from before operation to one year following the operation were not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.523 and 0.826, respectively).ConclusionBoth SMILE and ICL V4c implantation provide good safety, efficacy, predictability, and stability in correcting high myopia. Optical quality including intraocular scattering was great and relatively stable in both groups during the one‐year observation period.
Palaeogeographical reconstruction and hydrology of glacial Lake Purcell during MIS 2 and its potential impact on the Channeled Scabland, USA
Authors: Peters Jared L. , Brennand Tracy A. 
Published: January 2020

Large, ice‐marginal lakes that were impounded by the maximally extended Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) provided source waters for the extraordinarily large floods that formed the Channeled Scabland of Washington and Idaho, USA. However, flood flows that drained CIS meltwater and contributed to landscape evolution during later stages of deglaciation have hitherto been poorly investigated. This paper provides the first evidence for such a late deglacial floodwater source: glacial Lake Purcell (gLP). Sedimentary evidence records the northward extension of gLP from Idaho, USA into British Columbia, Canada and establishes its minimum palaeogeographical extent. Sedimentary evidence suggests that the deglacial Purcell Lobe was a capable ice dam that impounded large volumes of gLP water. A review of glacio‐isostatically affected lakes during CIS deglaciation suggests that gLP could have been subjected to tilts ranging from 0 to >1.25 m km−1. Sedimentary evidence suggests high lake plane tilts (⪆1.25 m km−1) are the most likely to have affected gLP. Using this, the palaeogeography and volume of gLP are modelled, revealing that ~116 km3 of water was susceptible to sudden drainage into the Channeled Scabland via the Columbia River system. This calculation is supported by sedimentary and geomorphic evidence compatible with energetic flood flows along the gLP drainage route and suggests gLP drained suddenly, causing significant landscape change.
Approach to High Volume Enrollment in Clinical Research: Experiences from an All of Us Research Program Site
Authors: Ilori Titilayo O. , Viera Emma , Wilson Jillian , Moreno Francisco , Menon Usha , Ehiri John , Peterson Rachele , Vemulapalli Tejo , StimsonRiahi Sara C. , Rosales Cecilia , Calhoun Elizabeth , Sokan Amanda , Karnes Jason H. , Reiman Eric , Ojo Akinlolu , Theodorou Andreas , Ojo Tammy 
Published: January 2020

Clinical trials and cohort studies are required to meet target recruitment of study participants within stipulated timelines, especially when the priority is to include populations traditionally unrepresented in biomedical research. By the third quarter of 2019, the University of Arizona‐Banner Health Provider Organization (UA‐Banner HPO) has enrolled > 30,000 core participants into the All of Us Research Program (AoURP), the research cohort of the Precision Medicine Initiative. The majority of enrolled participants meet the criteria for individuals under‐represented in biomedical research. The enrollment goals were calculated based on a target of 20,000 as set by the National Institutes of Health and our health provider organization achieved enrollment numbers between 17% and 86% above the targeted daily enrollment. We evaluated enrollment methods and challenges to enrollments encountered by the UA‐Banner Health Provider Organization into the AoURP. Challenges to enrollment centered around the need for high‐touch engagement methods, time investment necessary for stakeholder inclusion, and the use of purely digital enrollment methods especially in populations under‐represented in biomedical research. These challenges occurred at the level of the individual, provider, institutions, and community, and cumulatively impacted participant enrollment. Successful strategies for engagement and enrollment leveraged provider partners as advocates for the program. For high‐volume enrollment in clinical research, it is important to engage leaders in the healthcare setting, patient providers, and tailor engagement and enrollment to potential participant needs. We emphasize the need for precision engagement and enrollment methods tailored to individual needs.
Host engulfment pathway controls inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Sayed Ibrahim M. , Suarez Katherine , Lim Eileen , Singh Sujay , Pereira Matheus , Ibeawuchi Stella‐Rita , Katkar Gajanan , Dunkel Ying , Mittal Yash , Chattopadhyay Ranajoy , Guma Monica , Boland Brigid S. , Dulai Parambir S. , Sandborn William J. , Ghosh Pradipta , Das Soumita 
Published: January 2020

Chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) urgently need new biomarkers as a significant proportion of patients, do not respond to current medications. Inflammation is a common factor in these diseases, and microbial sensing in the intestinal tract is critical to initiate the inflammation. We have identified ELMO1 (engulfment and cell motility protein 1) as a microbial sensor in epithelial and phagocytic cells that turns on inflammatory signals. Using a stem cell‐based ‘gut‐in‐a‐dish’ coculture model, we studied the interactions between microbes, epithelium, and monocytes in the context of IBD. To mimic the in vivo cell physiology, enteroid‐derived monolayers (EDMs) were generated from the organoids isolated from WT and ELMO1−/− mice and colonic biopsies of IBD patients. The EDMs were infected with the IBD‐associated microbes to monitor the inflammatory responses. ELMO1‐depleted EDMs displayed a significant reduction in bacterial internalization, a decrease in pro‐inflammatory cytokine productions and monocyte recruitment. The expression of ELMO1 is elevated in the colonic epithelium and in the inflammatory infiltrates within the lamina propria of IBD patients where the higher expression is positively correlated with the elevated expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, MCP‐1 and TNF‐α. MCP‐1 is released from the epithelium and recruits monocytes to the site of inflammation. Once recruited, monocytes require ELMO1 to engulf the bacteria and propagate a robust TNF‐α storm. These findings highlight that the dysregulated epithelial ELMO1 → MCP‐1 axis can serve as an early biomarker in the diagnostics of IBD and other inflammatory disorders.
Engagement and subjective well‐being in alternative food networks: The case of Hungary
Authors: Neulinger Agnes , Bársony Fanni , Gjorevska Natasha , Lazányi Orsolya , Pataki György , Takács Sándor , Török Anna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn alternative food network (AFN) is a comprehensive concept that aims to capture new and socially innovative networks of consumers and producers in short supply chains. The objective of this study is to understand the relationship of users to AFNs using subjective well‐being (SWB), which is a relevant concept connected to eating and alternative consumption. This paper explores the engagement and nature of SWB by qualitative data collected through in‐depth interviews of new and experienced members of different AFNs. The results suggest that membership in AFNs is able to increase SWB, while certain characteristics of these networks can also decrease it. Differences according to the level of engagement have been found for the studied AFNs. The results contribute to a better understanding of consumers in alternative consumption networks and also indicate some of the limitations of this business model.
Antibody effector functions in malaria and other parasitic diseases: a few needles and many haystacks
Authors: Aitken Elizabeth H , Mahanty Siddhartha , Rogerson Stephen J 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMany parasitic infections stimulate antibody responses in their mammalian hosts. The ability of these antibodies to protect against disease varies markedly. Research has revealed that functional properties of antibodies determine their role in protection against parasites. Investigations of antibodies against Plasmodium spp. have demonstrated a variety of functional activities, ranging from invasion inhibition and parasite growth inhibition to antibody‐dependent cellular phagocytosis and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity. These activities have been demonstrated with a large variety of parasite molecules at multiple life cycle stages, highlighting the importance of functional antibody responses in malaria. Other parasitic infections have not yet been investigated in similar detail, but these mechanisms are likely to operate in nonmalarial parasitic infections as well. In this report, we review data on the role of functional antibody responses in protection from parasitic infections, highlighting discoveries in malaria, a parasite for which our knowledge base is the most advanced.
Peritoneal M2 macrophage transplantation as a potential cell therapy for enhancing renal repair in acute kidney injury
Authors: Mao Ruiwen , Wang Chengshi , Zhang Fuping , Zhao Meng , Liu Shuyun , Liao Guangneng , Li Lan , Chen Younan , Cheng Jingqiu , Liu Jingping , Lu Yanrong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical condition that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Inflammation is reported to play a key role in AKI. Although the M2 macrophages exhibit antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory activities, their therapeutic potential has not been evaluated for AKI. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of peritoneal M2 macrophage transplantation on AKI in mice. The macrophages were isolated from peritoneal dialysates of mice. The macrophages were induced to undergo M2 polarization using interleukin (IL)‐4/IL‐13. AKI was induced in mice by restoring the blood supply after bilateral renal artery occlusion for 30 minutes. The macrophages were injected into the renal cortex of mice. The changes in renal function, inflammation and tubular proliferation were measured. The M2 macrophages were co‐cultured with the mouse primary proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) under hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions in vitro. The PTEC apoptosis and proliferation were analysed. The peritoneal M2 macrophages effectively alleviated the renal injury and inflammatory response in mice with ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) and promoted the PTEC proliferation in vivo and in vitro. These results indicated that the peritoneal M2 macrophages ameliorated AKI by decreasing inflammatory response and promoting PTEC proliferation. Hence, the peritoneal M2 macrophage transplantation can serve as a potential cell therapy for renal diseases.
Down‐regulation of endothelial protein C receptor promotes preeclampsia by affecting actin polymerization
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Pan , Liang Xiaoling , Li Wenjing , Yang Mo , Ma Jihong , Yue Wei , Fan Shangrong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPreeclampsia is a severe pregnancy‐related disease that is found in 3%–5% of pregnancies worldwide and is primarily related to the decreased proliferation and invasion of trophoblast cells and abnormal uterine spiral artery remodelling. However, studies on the pathogenesis of placental trophoblasts are insufficient, and the aetiology of PE remains unclear. Here, we report that endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), a transmembrane glycoprotein, was down‐regulated in placentas from preeclamptic patients. Moreover, lack of EPCR significantly reduced the trophoblast cell proliferation, invasion and tube formation capabilities. Microscale thermophoresis analysis showed that EPCR directly bound to protease‐activated receptor 1 (PAR‐1), a G protein‐coupled receptor. This change resulted in a substantial reduction in active Rac1 and caused excessive actin rearrangement. Our findings reveal a previously unidentified role of EPCR in the regulation of trophoblast proliferation, invasion and tube formation through promotion of actin polymerization, which is required for normal placental development.
Rapid neural categorization of angry and fearful faces is specifically impaired in boys with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Van der Donck Stephanie , Dzhelyova Milena , Vettori Sofie , Mahdi Soha Sadat , Claes Peter , Steyaert Jean , Boets Bart 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundDifficulties with facial expression processing may be associated with the characteristic social impairments in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Emotional face processing in ASD has been investigated in an abundance of behavioral and EEG studies, yielding, however, mixed and inconsistent results.MethodsWe combined fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) with EEG to assess the neural sensitivity to implicitly detect briefly presented facial expressions among a stream of neutral faces, in 23 boys with ASD and 23 matched typically developing (TD) boys. Neutral faces with different identities were presented at 6 Hz, periodically interleaved with an expressive face (angry, fearful, happy, sad in separate sequences) every fifth image (i.e., 1.2 Hz oddball frequency). These distinguishable frequency tags for neutral and expressive stimuli allowed direct and objective quantification of the expression‐categorization responses, needing only four sequences of 60 s of recording per condition.ResultsBoth groups show equal neural synchronization to the general face stimulation and similar neural responses to happy and sad faces. However, the ASD group displays significantly reduced responses to angry and fearful faces, compared to TD boys. At the individual subject level, these neural responses allow to predict membership of the ASD group with an accuracy of 87%. Whereas TD participants show a significantly lower sensitivity to sad faces than to the other expressions, ASD participants show an equally low sensitivity to all the expressions.ConclusionsOur results indicate an emotion‐specific processing deficit, instead of a general emotion‐processing problem: Boys with ASD are less sensitive than TD boys to rapidly and implicitly detect angry and fearful faces. The implicit, fast, and straightforward nature of FPVS‐EEG opens new perspectives for clinical diagnosis.
Risks, time trends, and mortality of colonoscopy‐induced perforation in hospitalized patients
Authors: Garg Rajat , Singh Amandeep , Ahuja Keerat R , Mohan Babu P , Ravi Shri J K , Shen Bo , Kirby Donald F , Regueiro Miguel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimColonic perforation is a rare complication of colonoscopy and ranges from 0% to 1% in all patients undergoing colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to assess the time trends, risk factors, and mortality associated with colonoscopy‐induced perforation (CIP) in hospitalized patients as the data are limited.MethodsData are obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database to identify hospitalized patients between 2005 and 2014 that had CIP. Various factors like age and gender were assessed for association with CIP, followed by univariate and multivariate regression analyses.ResultsA total of 2 651 109 patients underwent inpatient colonoscopy between 2005 and 2014, and 4567 (0.2%) of the patients had CIP. Overall, incidence of CIP has increased from 2005 to 2014 (0.1% to 0.3%) (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for CIP was highest in Caucasian race (OR: 1.49 [1.09, 2.06]), followed by after polypectomy, history of inflammatory bowel disease, end‐stage renal disease, and age > 65 years (OR [95% CI] of 1.35 [1.23, 1.47], 1.34 [1.17, 1.53], 1.28 [1.02, 1.62], and 1.21 [1.11, 1.33], respectively) (all P < 0.05). CIP group had 33% less obesity (OR [95% CI]: 0.77 [0.65–0.9], P = 0.002) and 13‐fold higher mortality (0.5% vs 8.1%) (P < 0.001) as compared to patients without CIP. The CIP‐associated mortality ranged from 2% to 8% and remained stable throughout the study period.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the risk of CIP was highest in elderly patients, Caucasians, those with inflammatory bowel disease, end‐stage renal disease, and after polypectomy. Recognizing the factors associated with CIP may lead to informed discussion about risks and benefits of inpatient colonoscopy.
Life cycle assessment comparison of wooden and plastic pallets in the grocery industry
Authors: Anil Sebastian K. , Ma Junfeng , Kremer Gül E. , Ray Charles David , Shahidi Shirin M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWooden and plastic pallets are used extensively in global trade to transport finished goods and products. This article compares the life cycle performance of treated wooden and plastic pallets through a detailed cradle‐to‐grave life cycle assessment (LCA), and conducts an analysis of the various phytosanitary treatments. The LCA investigates and evaluates the environmental impacts due to the resources consumed and emissions of the product throughout its life cycle. The environmental impacts of the pallets are compared on a one‐trip basis and a 100,000‐trips basis. Impact categories are chosen with respect to environmental concerns. The results show that on a one‐trip basis, wooden pallets with conventional and radio frequency (RF) heat treatment incur an overall carbon footprint of 71.8% and 80.3% lower, respectively, than plastic pallets during their life cycle; and in comparison with wooden pallets treated with methyl bromide fumigation, they incur 20% and 30% less overall carbon footprint. Theoretical calculations of the resource consumption and emissions of RF treatment of pallets suggest that dielectric technology may provide a lower‐carbon alternative to both current ISPM 15‐approved treatments and to plastic pallets. Methyl bromide fumigation (15.95 kg CO2 equivalent [eq.]) has a larger carbon footprint than conventional heat treatment (12.69 kg CO2 eq.) of pallets. For the 100,000‐trips basis, the differences are even more significant. The results recommend that wooden pallets are more environmentally friendly than plastic pallets, and conventional and RF heat treatment for wooden pallets is more sustainable than methyl bromide fumigation treatment.