bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse events following cannabis for medical use in Tuscany: An analysis of the Italian Phytovigilance database
Authors: Crescioli Giada , Lombardi Niccolò , Bettiol Alessandra , Menniti‐Ippolito Francesca , Da Cas Roberto , Parrilli Maria , Del Lungo Martina , Gallo Eugenia , Mugelli Alessandro , Maggini Valentina , Firenzuoli Fabio , Vannacci Alfredo 
Published: October 2019

AimsDespite a significant increase in using cannabis for medical purposes, current evidence on its safety in real‐world clinical practice is still poorly characterised. By a case‐by‐case analysis of spontaneous reports of suspected adverse events (AEs) collected in Tuscany within the Italian Phytovigilance database, the aim of the present study was to describe AEs occurred in patients exposed to medical cannabis.MethodsWe evaluated all reports of cannabis‐related suspected AEs collected within the Phytovigilance database up to December 2018. Information regarding cannabis therapy, patient's demographic and clinical characteristics, concomitant medications, AE description according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) classification, AE seriousness and AE outcome, were collected. The causality assessment was performed following World Health Organisation–Uppsala Monitoring Centre criteria.ResultsFifty‐three cannabis‐related AE reports were analysed. The majority of patients were females (77.3%), with a mean age of 61.9 years. Thirty‐nine (73.6%) cases were defined as nonserious and the majority of them (86.9%) showed a complete resolution or improvement. Forty‐six (86.8%) cases were judged as probably related to cannabis consumption. The most frequently reported system organ class was psychiatric and nervous system disorders, and a potential drug–drug interaction was present in 16 cases.ConclusionCannabis was generally well tolerated and the majority of AEs were mild and transient. Our analysis highlighted important safety issues for clinical practice, in particular the need for an accurate prescription monitoring during the titration phase, particularly in the presence of concomitant medications.
Simulation, synthesis, characterisation and dyeing properties of a fluorescent hemicyanine dye
Authors: Tang Songsong , Qin Chuanxiang , Li Hui , Chen Guoqiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, a hemicyanine dye, trans‐4‐(4‐(diethylamino)styryl)‐1‐ethylpyridinium bromide (DYE‐BD), was synthesised and simulated. The maximum absorption wavelength of DYE‐BD was calculated with the same basis set by using the Gaussian 09 software based on different methods, while time‐dependent density functional theory was applied to simulate the maximum emission wavelength of the designed dye. The changes in enthalpy and Gibbs free energy were simulated at the b3lyp/6‐31G(d) level, and energy changes in the luminescence process were assessed using mathematical methods. Furthermore, DYE‐BD was used to colour acrylic fabric following the typical dyeing procedure for cationic dyes. The photostability of the synthesised dye was analysed using quantum theory and mathematical methods. The synthesised dye, analysed using the Ecological Structure Activity Relationships class program, had no toxicity to aquatic life, while the acrylic fabrics dyed with DYE‐BD met the fluorescent orange requirements for background and combined performance materials according to the EN ISO 20471:2013 standard.
South African service users’ perceptions of patient‐reported outcome and experience measures for adolescent substance use treatment: A qualitative study
Authors: Myers Bronwyn , Johnson Kim , Lucas Warren , Govender Rajen , Manderscheid Ron , Williams Petal Petersen , Koch J. Randy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsPatient‐reported outcome measures (PROM) and experience measures (PREM) for substance use disorder (SUD) treatment exist for adults but have unknown relevance for adolescents. This study aimed to explore adolescents' perceptions of effective SUD treatment and possible barriers to completing PROMs and PREMs to guide efforts to adapt the South African Addiction Treatment Services Assessment (SAATSA) for adolescents.Design and MethodsFive focus groups were conducted with 38 adolescent service users recruited from residential and outpatient SUD treatment facilities in South Africa. Group discussions explored perceptions of treatment components necessary for desired SUD treatment outcomes, treatment experiences that support engagement in care, and perceptions of PROM and PREM completion.ResultsParticipants viewed treatment elements that enhance motivation for change, coping and emotional regulation; provide recreational alternatives to substance use; and improve family relationships and home environments as critical to positive treatment outcomes. They reflected that provider characteristics and developmentally and culturally appropriate services facilitated engagement in treatment. PROM and PREM completion seemed acceptable, with participants suggesting ways to enhance their appeal.Discussion and ConclusionFindings confirm that adult‐oriented PROMs and PREMs require adaptation for adolescents. Service user inputs identified ways to expand the content of the SAATSA to better reflect adolescents' treatment priorities. These inputs have also guided changes to item formulation and administration procedures to enhance the SAATSA's acceptability for adolescents. Ensuring the SAATSA addresses treatment outcomes and experiences that matter to adolescents is vital for generating information to guide improvements to adolescent SUD services.
Hepatocellular carcinoma with inferior vena cava and right atrial tumor thrombus: A case report
Authors: Chen Meihua , Huang Xuning , Yang Qianyu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis is a case report of a 45‐year‐old patient admitted with the symptom of bilateral leg swelling. Ultrasonography revealed a hyperechoic mass in the right lobe of the liver, which invaded the right hepatic vein (RHV) and extended into the inferior vena cava (IVC) and right atrium (RA). Based on the high alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) level and the ultrasonography findings, the patient was diagnosed as having hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a RHV, IVC, and RA tumor thrombus and secondary Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS). HCC with a tumor thrombus extending into the IVC and RA has rarely been observed, and as a cause of secondary BCS, this type of HCC has been even more rarely reported.
The European Union and the Background of the Global Compacts
Authors: Martín Díaz Emma , Aris Escarcena Juan Pablo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article explores the influence of the European Union in shaping and promoting the discourse, theoretical bases and political practices that make up the Global Compact on Refugees and the Global Compact on Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration. It analyses the experiences and dynamics of European Union policies in its most recent history, and explores its operational, discursive and practical dimensions, focusing on the example of the EU's partnership with Turkey.
Effectiveness of epoprostenol in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension: findings of an Australian retrospective chart review
Authors: Feenstra John , Hopkins Peter , Trotter Michael , O'Brien Kathy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressively fatal disease. Parenteral prostanoids, including intravenous (IV) epoprostenol, are the most effective therapies for PAH. As epoprostenol requires continuous infusion, therapy is challenging and use is managed by specialist units.AimsTo describe the clinical outcomes for the use of IV epoprostenol in an Australian pulmonary vascular disease unit and identify opportunities to improve its use.MethodWe conducted a retrospective chart review of all adult patients who received IV epoprostenol for PAH at Prince Charles Hospital. Data were collected at baseline, initiation of epoprostenol and quarterly to the end of the audit period or the discontinuation of epoprostenol. Descriptive statistics were performed and comparisons made to epoprostenol initiation. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to estimate survival outcomes.ResultsThirty‐nine patients received epoprostenol therapy. Most (87.2%) were female, had connective tissue disease (46.2%) or idiopathic PAH (35.9%) and had a World Health Organization functional Class of III or IV at initiation. The mean duration of epoprostenol therapy was 2.9 years. Intravenous epoprostenol was associated with favourable outcomes; 1, 3 and 5‐year survival rates since initiation of 90.0, 75.8 and 68.2%; robust improvements in functional class; and improvements in 6‐min walking distance of 160.4 m at 3 years; 94.9% patients experienced at least one drug‐related adverse event and line complications were common.ConclusionEpoprostenol therapy was associated with impressive survival rates and durable improvements in functional outcomes. Epoprostenol therapy is challenging; however, it is manageable by the majority of patients with most experiencing positive, sustainable outcomes.
Pathophysiology and management of sensitive skin: position paper from the special interest group on sensitive skin of the International Forum for the Study of Itch (IFSI)
Authors: Misery L. , Weisshaar E. , Brenaut E. , Evers A.W.M. , Huet F. , Ständer S. , Reich A. , Berardesca E. , Serra‐Baldrich E. , Wallengren J. , Linder D. , Fluhr J.W. , Szepietowski J.C. , Maibach H. ,   for the Special Interest Group on sensitive skin of the International Forum for the Study of Itch (ISFI)
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe special interest group on sensitive skin of the International Forum for the Study of Itch previously defined sensitive skin as a syndrome defined by the occurrence of unpleasant sensations (stinging, burning, pain, pruritus and tingling sensations) in response to stimuli that normally should not provoke such sensations. This additional paper focuses on the pathophysiology and the management of sensitive skin. Sensitive skin is not an immunological disorder but is related to alterations of the skin nervous system. Skin barrier abnormalities are frequently associated, but there is no cause and direct relationship. Further studies are needed to better understand the pathophysiology of sensitive skin – as well as the inducing factors. Avoidance of possible triggering factors and the use of well‐tolerated cosmetics, especially those containing inhibitors of unpleasant sensations, might be suggested for patients with sensitive skin. The role of psychosocial factors, such as stress or negative expectations, might be relevant for subgroups of patients. To date, there is no clinical trial supporting the use of topical or systemic drugs in sensitive skin. The published data are not sufficient to reach a consensus on sensitive skin management. In general, patients with sensitive skin require a personalized approach, taking into account various biomedical, neural and psychosocial factors affecting sensitive skin.
Black Nursing Home Residents More Likely to Watch Advance Care Planning Video
Authors: Loomer Lacey , Volandes Angelo E. , Mitchell Susan L. , Belanger Emmanuelle , McCreedy Ellen , Palmer Jennifer A. , Mor Vincent 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThis study aims to identify resident characteristics associated with being offered and subsequently shown an advance care planning (ACP) video in the Pragmatic Trial of Video Education in Nursing Homes (PROVEN) and if differences are driven by within‐ and/or between‐facility differences.DESIGNCross‐sectional study, from March 1, 2016, to May 31, 2018.SETTINGA total of 119 PROVEN intervention nursing homes (NHs).PARTICIPANTSA total of 43 303 new NH admissions.MEASUREMENTSData came from the Minimum Data Set and an electronic record documenting whether a video was offered and shown to residents. We conduct both naïve logistic regression models and hierarchical logistic models, controlling for NH fixed effects, to examine the overall differences in offer and show rate by resident characteristics.RESULTSIn naïve regression models, compared to white residents, black residents are 7.8 percentage point (pp) (95% confidence interval [CI] = −9.1 to −6.5 pp) less likely to be offered the video. These differences decrease to 1.3 pp (95% CI = −2.61 to −0.02 pp) when accounting for NH fixed effects. In fully adjusted models, black residents compared to white residents were 2.1 pp more likely to watch the video contingent on being offered (95% CI = 0.4‐3.7 pp). Residents with cognitive impairment were less likely to be offered and shown the video.CONCLUSIONSAfter controlling for NH fixed effects, there were smaller racial differences in being offered the video, but once offered, black residents were more likely to watch the video. This suggests that black residents are receptive to this type of ACP intervention but need to be given an opportunity to be exposed. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:603–608, 2020
The safety and tolerability of Annona muricata leaf extract: a systematic review
Authors: Chan Wai-Jo Jocelin , McLachlan Andrew J , Hanrahan Jane R , Harnett Joanna E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Annona muricata, also known as graviola, soursop and guanabana, has been widely utilised for the treatment of a range of cancers. The mechanism of action and the efficacy of A. muricata and its constituents in the treatment of cancer have been comprehensively reviewed. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the available literature that reports on factors related to the safety and tolerability of A. muricata leaf extract and its acetogenins.

Methods
In-vitro, preclinical animal studies and human studies of any design written in any language were included. Studies that evaluated A. muricata leaf extract and its constituents were searched through the databases Pubmed, Medline and Embase from inception to April 2019. The elaborated item 4 of Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement and Animals in Research: Reporting In vivo Experiments guidelines were used to evaluate the quality of the studies.

Key findings
The results suggest that A. muricata and its constituents have hepatoprotective, neurotoxic, antinociceptive, anti-ulcerative and chemopreventive effects. The dose and duration used in animal studies demonstrating toxicity may not directly translate into the effects in humans. Studies included in this review were judged to be of medium to high quality.

Conclusions
The overall outcome of the current review suggests that A. muricata has a favourable safety and tolerability profile. Future studies investigating its use in people diagnosed with a range of cancers are warranted.
Pharmacokinetics of subcutaneously administered doramectin in alpacas
Authors: Lye Gordon , Jacob Anthony , Pomroy William , Stafford Kevin , Singh Preet 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe objective of this research was to evaluate comparative pharmacokinetics of doramectin in alpacas, after subcutaneous administration of 0.2 mg/kg dose. Six healthy adult alpacas, mean age of 5 years ± 1, (three female and three gelded males) of mean bodyweight of 62 kg ± 16 kg with an average body condition scored 2.8 ± 1 out of five, were used in this study. Serial blood samples were collected from the jugular vein before the administration until day 21 afterwards to establish the pharmacokinetics of doramectin after its subcutaneous administration at 0.2 mg/kg dose. The blood samples were analysed using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fluorescence detection method with precolumn derivatisation, validated for alpacas. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental model, and results showed Cmax (6.05 ± 5.34 ng/ml), Tmax (3.83 ± 2.48 days), AUC (62.12 ± 18.86 ng/ml × d), terminal half‐life (6.2 ± 4.9 days) and MRT (11.56 ± 4.43 days). The results of this study showed that the Cmax and AUC were much lower than in cattle and sheep at the same dosage. Tmax remained similar to cattle and sheep. This study presents valuable information about pharmacokinetics of doramectin in alpacas, which can be utilised in its future efficacy studies.
Variation in field body temperature and total evaporative water loss along an environmental gradient in a diurnal ectotherm
Authors: Sannolo M. , Civantos E. , Martín J. , Carretero M.A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe maintenance of optimal body temperatures has profound consequences on all aspects of ectotherms life history, like fitness and performance, and has been the subject of research for decades. In contrast, for reptiles, comparatively less is known on the potential effects of water balance on physiology, ecology and behaviour. In recent years, several recent studies are pointing out the importance of studying thermoregulation and water balance within the same framework. Here, we used a Mediterranean lizard, Psammodromus algirus, to investigate how field body temperature and water loss rates may vary among populations, between sexes and along an altitudinal gradient. We found little variation in field body temperatures among populations, while within each population, field body temperature may change daily, seasonally and differ between sexes. On the contrary, water loss rates decreased with elevation and showed no seasonal trend or difference between sexes. Microclimatic data indicated that highland lizards experienced more fluctuating conditions, a factor that may explain their lower water loss rates. Other factors, like inter‐population differences in ectoparasite intensity, might also contribute in explaining the observed patterns. We present here the first data for a lacertid lizard on the inter‐population variability and sexual difference in water loss rates and point out that water balance may play a fundamental role in regulating lizard activity during the hottest and driest period of the year.
The group A Streptococcus accessory protein RocA: regulatory activity, interacting partners and influence on disease potential
Authors: Jain Ira , Danger Jessica L. , Burgess Cameron , Uppal Timsy , Sumby Paul 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes diseases that range from mild (e.g. pharyngitis) to severely invasive (e.g. necrotizing fasciitis). Strain‐ and serotype‐specific differences influence the ability of isolates to cause individual diseases. At the center of this variability is the CovR/S two‐component system and the accessory protein RocA. Through incompletely defined mechanisms, CovR/S and RocA repress the expression of more than a dozen immunomodulatory virulence factors. Alleviation of this repression is selected for during invasive infections, leading to the recovery of covR, covS or rocA mutant strains. Here, we investigated how RocA promotes CovR/S activity, identifying that RocA is a pseudokinase that interacts with CovS. Disruption of CovS kinase or phosphatase activities abolishes RocA function, consistent with RocA acting through the modulation of CovS activity. We also identified, in conflict with a previous study, that the RocA regulon includes the secreted protease‐encoding gene speB. Finally, we discovered an inverse correlation between the virulence of wild‐type, rocA mutant, covS mutant and covR mutant strains during invasive infection and their fitness in an ex vivo upper respiratory tract model. Our data inform on mechanisms that control GAS disease potential and provide an explanation for observed strain‐ and serotype‐specific variability in RocA function.
Arrestin‐independent constitutive endocytosis of GPR125/ADGRA3
Authors: Spiess Katja , Bagger Sofie O. , Torz Lola J. , Jensen Kristian H. R. , Walser Anna L. , Kvam Jone M. , Møgelmose Ann‐Sofie K. , Daugvilaite Viktorija , Junnila Riia K. , Hjortø Gertrud M. , Rosenkilde Mette M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe orphan receptor GPR125 (ADGRA3) belongs to subgroup III of the adhesion G protein−coupled receptor (aGPCR) family. aGPCRs, also known as class B2 GPCRs, share basic structural and functional properties with other GPCRs. Many of them couple to G proteins and activate G protein−dependent and −independent signaling pathways, but little is known about aGPCR internalization and β‐arrestin recruitment. GPR125 was originally described as a spermatogonial stem cell marker and studied for its role in Wnt signaling and cell polarity. Here, using cell‐based assays and confocal microscopy, we show that GPR125 is expressed on the cell surface and undergoes constitutive endocytosis in a β‐arrestin−independent, but clathrin‐dependent manner, as indicated by colocalization with transferrin receptor 1, an early endosome marker. These data support that the constitutive internalization of GPR125 contributes to its biological functions by controlling receptor surface expression and accessibility for ligands. Our study sheds light on a new property of aGPCRs, namely internalization; a property described to be important for signal propagation, signal termination, and desensitization of class A (rhodopsin‐like) and B1 (VIP/secretin) GPCRs.
Falling Film Evaporation of HFO-1233zd(E) in Vertical Rectangular Minichannels Consisting of Serrated-Fins
Authors: Ohara Junichi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the present study, the characteristics of heat transfer are experimentally investigated on the falling film evaporation of alternative pure refrigerant HFO-1233zd(E) in a plate-fin heat exchanger having a vertical rectangular minichannels of 2.11 mm hydraulic diameter consisting of serrated-fins. The refrigerant liquid is supplied to the channel through 37 holes of a liquid distributor. The liquid flowing down vertically is heated electrically from the rear wall of the channel and evaporated. The experimental parameters are as follows: the mass velocities are varied 7.4∼55.1 [kg/(m2s)], the heat fluxes are varied 8.7∼50 [kW/m2] and the pressures are about 100 [kPa].
In the case of small mass velocity being smaller than 20 [kg/(m2s)], heat transfer coefficient decreases monotonously and gradually with increase of quality and take value of 5∼1[kW/m2K]. It is thought that the cause of lower value of heat transfer coefficient is occurring dry patch and aria enlargement of dry area in the downstream region. In the case of large mass velocity being larger than 41 [kg/(m2s)], the value of heat transfer coefficient becomes larger with increase of quality except for the case of mass velocity being 41 [kg/(m2s)] and heat flux being 50[kW/m2]. Improved heat transfer is to be thinkable that the liquid and vapor flow becomes dripping in the middle-stream region, and turns into mist flow with thin liquid film on the fin surface in the downstream region of quality being larger than 0.4.