bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caffeinated Beverage Intake, Dyspnea With Ticagrelor, and Cardiovascular Outcomes: Insights From the PEGASUS‐TIMI 54 Trial
Authors: Furtado Remo H. M. , Venkateswaran Ramkumar V. , Nicolau Jose C. , Gurmu Yared , Bhatt Deepak L. , Storey Robert F. , Steg P. Gabriel , Magnani Giuglia , Goto Shinya , Dellborg Mikael , Kamensky Gabriel , Isaza Daniel , Aylward Philip , Johanson Per , Bonaca Marc P. 
Published: May 2020

Background
A proposed cause of dyspnea induced by ticagrelor is an increase in adenosine blood levels. Because caffeine is an adenosine antagonist, it can potentially improve drug tolerability with regard to dyspnea. Furthermore, association between caffeine and cardiovascular events is of clinical interest.

Methods and Results

This prespecified analysis used data from the
PEGASUS TIMI
54 (Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Prior Heart Attack Using Ticagrelor Compared to Placebo on a Background of Aspirin–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 54) trial, which randomized 21 162 patients with prior myocardial infarction to ticagrelor 60 mg or 90 mg or matching placebo (twice daily). Baseline caffeine intake in cups per week was prospectively collected for 9694 patients. Outcomes of interest included dyspnea, major adverse cardiovascular events (ie, the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke), and arrhythmias. Dyspnea analyses considered the pooled ticagrelor group, whereas cardiovascular outcome analyses included patients from the 3 randomized arms. After adjustment, caffeine intake, compared with no intake, was not associated with lower rates of dyspnea in patients taking ticagrelor (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 0.91; 95%
CI
, 0.76–1.10;
P
=0.34). There was no excess risk with caffeine for major adverse cardiovascular events (adjusted HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63–0.98;
P
=0.031), sudden cardiac death (adjusted HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.57–1.70;
P
=0.95), or atrial fibrillation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.56–2.04;
P
=0.84).

Conclusions
In patients taking ticagrelor for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction, caffeine intake at baseline was not associated with lower rates of dyspnea compared with no intake. Otherwise, caffeine appeared to be safe in this population, with no apparent increase in atherothrombotic events or clinically significant arrhythmias.

Registration

URL
:
https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov
; Unique identifier:
NCT
01225562.
Protective Effect of ApoA1 (Apolipoprotein A1)-Milano in a Rat Model of Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke
Authors: Ducroux Célina , Desilles Jean-Philippe , Mawhin Marie-Anne , Delbosc Sandrine , Ho-Tin-Noé Benoit , Ollivier Véronique , Di Meglio Lucas , Lapergue Bertrand , Michel Jean-Baptiste , Amarenco Pierre 
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose—
Previous experimental studies found that the infusion of human purified nascent HDL (high-density lipoprotein) significantly reduced infarct volume and hemorrhagic transformation rate by decreasing neutrophil recruitment. ApoA1-M (apolipoprotein A1-Milano) is a natural variant of human ApoA1 that confers protection against atherosclerosis. Recombinant ApoA1-M has been formulated as a complex with phospholipids to mimic the properties of nascent HDL. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of intravenous ApoA1-M in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model in rats.

Methods—
In a first experiment, rats were subjected to 120-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and intravenous ApoA1-M was infused immediately or 4 hours after occlusion. In a second experiment, rats were subjected to 240-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and intravenous ApoA1-M was infused with or without recombinant tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) immediately after recanalization. Primary outcome criteria were the infarct volume and hemorrhagic transformation rate measured at 24 hours. Platelets, coagulation, and neutrophil activation biomarkers were measured in brain homogenates and plasma. Additional in vitro experiments studied the effects of ApoA1-M on platelet aggregation and platelet-neutrophil interactions.

Results—

The infusion of ApoA1-M immediately or 4 hours after 120-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion significantly reduced the infarct volume compared with saline (
P
=0.034 and
P
=0.036, respectively). Compared with tPA alone, co-administration of ApoA1-M and tPA showed similar rates of hemorrhagic transformation. ApoA1-M had no significant inhibition effect on neutrophil activation biomarkers. Platelet activation was slightly decreased in rats treated with ApoA1-M compared with saline. In vitro, the incubation of human and rat platelet-rich plasma with ApoA1-M significantly reduced ADP-induced platelet aggregation (
P
=0.001 and
P
=0.02, respectively).

Conclusions—
ApoA1-Milano significantly decreased the infarct volume through an inhibition of platelet aggregation but did not reduce hemorrhagic transformation and neutrophils activation as expected after previous experimental studies with nascent HDL.

Visual Overview—

An online
visual overview
is available for this article.
Female Entrepreneurs and Access to Financial Capital
Authors: Lueg Klarissa , Ni Amanda 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study identifies what similar aspects determine access to financial capital for female entrepreneurs both in Denmark and Indonesia. Departing from a structuralist constructivist perspective (including the concepts of symbolic violence, social similarity, female otherness), we identify the impact of gender-discrimination, nationality, and further variables. The sample comprises 124 female respondents and, for reasons of comparison, 86 male respondents from Denmark and Indonesia. Binary logistic regressions and t-tests show that financial discrepancies between male and female entrepreneurs (FE s) were larger in Indonesia than in Denmark. However, findings also suggest that gender discrimination prevails in both countries, as men have easier access to funds from family, banks, and angel investors. This study provides evidence of gender bias prevailing in both a maturing and a matured economy with a strong discourse on gender equality. We propose explaining the similarities in gender discrimination with veiled, structural discrimination being able to linger in both post-feminist, legally equality-granting, as well as in legally less egalitarian societies.
Construction of Gender Roles in 17th-Century Ottoman Dancing Boys (Köçeks)
Authors: Sankır Hasan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study explores how the sexual identity and practices of the köçeks, who were positioned in the entertainment field in 17th Century Ottoman Istanbul, were socially constructed and how these practices had been well understood in the social sphere of the era. For this purpose, gender roles and practices of Köçeks’ in this period are discussed in instrumentalised body concept and dance field. The field and habitus approach of Bourdieu has been used to understand the relationship between the gender roles of the köçeks and the appreciation of this style by different social positions/classes/groups. As a result, their body and sexual identities had been accepted, and their dances had enabled köçeks to have an important position in the entertainment field by being among the tastes and preferences of the different social groups in the social space. In this sense, gender roles of köçeks had multi-component structure and cannot be easily understood over the male and female duality.
Socio-Cognitive and Cultural Influences on Children’s Concepts of God
Authors: Saide Anondah R. , Richert Rebekah A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The current study examined (a) the impact of religious socialization practices and parents’ concepts on the development of an abstract religious concept (i.e., God) in young children, and (b) whether or not children’s socio-cognitive ability moderates the relationship between their religious concept and sources of information about the concept. 215 parent-child dyads from diverse religious backgrounds (Protestant Christian, Roman Catholic, Muslim, non-affiliated) participated. Children were between the ages of 3.52 and 6.98 years of age (M = 4.770, SD = .767). Four main findings emerged from this study. First, children conceptualized God as more humanlike than their parents did. Second, younger children were more likely to have a humanlike conception of God than older children. Third, parents’ concept of God and children’s concept of God had a stronger relationship when the child’s mental-state reasoning was more accurate. Fourth, the frequency of children’s engagement in religious practices was unrelated to children’s concept of God after controlling for child’s age. Taken together, these findings lend support for the view that social cognition is an important factor in young children’s acquisition of cultural information about abstract entities.
Animals, Superman, Fairy and God: Children’s Attributions of Nonhuman Agent Beliefs in Madrid and London
Authors: Lam Virginia L. , Guerrero Silvia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
There have been major developments in the understanding of children’s nonhuman concepts, particularly God concepts, within the past two decades, with a body of cross-cultural studies accumulating. Relatively less research has studied those of non-Christian faiths or children’s concepts of popular occult characters. This paper describes two studies, one in Spain and one in England, examining 5- to 10-year-olds’ human and nonhuman agent beliefs. Both settings were secular, but the latter comprised a Muslim majority. Children were given a false-belief (unexpected contents) task in which they were asked to infer about three humans (mother, classmate, teacher), three animals (dog, bear, bird) and three supernatural beings (Superman, fairy, God). Similar false beliefs about humans, with subtle differences in inferences about animals and supernatural beings, were found between the two locations. In London different patterns for God between participants with a family religion, in particular Muslims, and non-affiliates, were identified as well as an association between religious beliefs and practice and inferences about God. Findings are discussed in the light of theory and research on the role of sociocultural inputs in children’s theory of mind development and understanding of agency.
Betrayal: A Philosophy
Authors: Marder Michael 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This essay imagines the shape a phenomenology of betrayal would assume at the limits of phenomenology. With Caravaggio’s 1602 painting Cattura di Cristo for an aesthetic backdrop, I consider the paradoxical structure of betrayal with its interwoven strands of a surplus disclosure and a breach of trust. I go on to elaborate the relation of this complex term, at once positive and negative, to time, conceptuality, and truth. Ultimately, I am interested in how betrayal as a limit of phenomenology, where the coherence of intentionality and its correlations or of intuition and its fulfillments break down, underwrites the very possibility of phenomenological endeavor.
The Politics of Women Empowerment
Authors: Abdulkadir Rahma , Müller Henriette 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In recent decades, the governments of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, especially the United Arab Emirates (UAE), have substantially increased their promotion of women in public life, with more women obtaining senior positions in an array of social domains. Despite these efforts, women’s leadership in the public sphere of GCC states still lags behind what has been achieved in other parts of the world. Focusing on the UAE, this article provides an overview of the current state and complex nature of women’s leadership in the Emirates. It examines who the UAE’s female leaders are, their socio-economic backgrounds, and the specific social arenas they most often obtain leadership positions in. The article utilizes a newly compiled data set on the socio-economic backgrounds of women who obtained leadership positions in the realms of politics, the economy, and society more broadly in the UAE between 1970 and 2017.
Unwelcomed Guests
Authors: Lie (李惠贞) Sunny , Sandel (申大德) Todd 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study explicates discourse on Indonesian social media pertaining to Chinese Indonesians by analyzing comments posted on Facebook. Using Cultural Discourse Analysis (CuDA), we show how Chinese are depicted as the “other” in Indonesian discourse. We also unpack persuasive efforts to convince readers of Chinese Indonesians’ other-ness through such rhetorical terms as cina (racial slur against Chinese Indonesians) and pribumi (native, indigenous, non-Chinese). The functional accomplishment of such discourse works to (1) exert the power to determine indigeneity and inclusivity; and (2) solidify Chinese Indonesians’ position as non-native, and a scapegoat for problems in Indonesia. Findings from this study further our understanding of ways to analyze and unpack discursive construction in online communication. They also demonstrate how social media may amplify and/or construct social and political discourses.
Learning from Women: Mothers, Slaves, and Regime Change in Tacitus’ Dialogue on Orators
Authors: Fertik Harriet 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This essay offers a new assessment of the role of women in Tacitus’ Dialogue on Orators and of their significance for Tacitus’ analysis of regime change. The women of the Dialogue have received only cursory scholarly attention: they appear briefly in Messalla’s diatribe on the decline of Roman education (Dial. 28.4-29.2), when he contrasts the virtuous mothers of the Republic with the enslaved nurses who rear children in his own period, when an emperor rules in Rome. Yet Messalla’s exemplary mothers undermine his own interpretation of Roman history, and his description of the household ruled by slaves foreshadows Maternus’ account of Republican politics at the conclusion of the text. Women in Messalla’s speech challenge ideas of decline in the Dialogue and represent the possibility of practicing politics even in restrictive circumstances.
Justice and the Supposed Fallacy of Irrelevance in Plato’s Republic
Authors: Skedzielewski Sean 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Previous commentators on Plato’s Republic have relied on mistaken assumptions about the requirements for Plato’s theory of justice: that Plato establishes a bi-conditional between proper psychic rule and the performance of conventionally just acts. They believe that if Plato does not establish this bi-conditional, then his theory of justice as a virtue will succumb to the fallacy of irrelevance. I claim Plato need not meet that requirement. A novel interpretation of the arguments of Book IV concerning justice in the soul suffices to dispense with one aspect of the bi-conditional – that conventional justice must imply justice as psychic harmony. Then, situating the theory of justice as psychic harmony in the context of the divided line, and in the dialectical ascent in the education of the philosopher-rulers, I show that the other conditional requirement – that justice in the soul must imply the performance of conventionally just actions – is also mistaken.
Animal Economies and Islamic Conversion in Eastern Ethiopia: Zooarchaeological Analyses from Harlaa, Harar and Ganda Harla
Authors: Gaastra Jane S. , Insoll Timothy 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Excavations at three urban sites, Harlaa, Harar, and Ganda Harla, in eastern Ethiopia have recovered substantial assemblages of faunal remains. These, the first to be analysed from Islamic contexts in the country, were studied to reconstruct animal economies, and to assess if it was possible to identify Islamic conversion or the presence of Muslims in archaeological contexts through examining butchery practices and diet via the species present. Differences in animal economies between the sites in, for example, management strategies, use of animals for traction, and presence of imported marine fish, infers the development of different traditions. However, conversion to Islam was evident, and although issues of non-observance, mixed communities, and dietary eclecticism have to be acknowledged, the appearance of a similar range of butchery techniques suggests these were linked with the appearance of Muslim traders, and subsequent spread of Islam.
The Increasing Prevalence of Girls in stem Education in the Arab World
Authors: Dajani Rana , Dhawan Sonali , M. Awad Sara 
Published: May 2020

There has been much scholarly research, especially in the West, exploring the underrepresentation of women and girls in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (stem) fields. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of research on women in the Middle East, and the elements that drive them to enroll in stem are shrouded by the stereotypical image of the “oppressed Arab women.” Despite the dearth of studies, the available literature has demonstrated that the percentage of women pursuing an education in stem fields is higher in the Middle East in comparison to the West. According to 2015 data from unesco, regional averages for the share of female researchers are 39.8 percent for Arab states and 32.3 percent for North America and Western Europe. In this paper, we ask: what is the Middle East doing differently? How has the region, or at least parts of it, successfully nurtured women in stem? What factors have aided women from the region to study stem subjects? Our modest hope is that gaining a better understanding of this phenomenon will start the larger conversation of intellectual exchange between East and West in a way that has yet to be seen by the world of academia, and that will have a positive impact on females around the globe.
Adaptive Eating Device: Performance and Satisfaction of a Person with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Cavalcanti Alessandra , Amaral Maíra F. , Silva e Dutra Fabiana C. M. , Santos Artur V. F. , Licursi Luísa A. , Silveira Zilda C. 
Published: May 2020

Background. Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) can experience motor impairments related to their hand-use that restrict participation in daily activities. Feeding is one activity impacted by this health condition. The use of adapted utensils can improve performance and independence in this activity. Purpose. To investigate if a locally designed and made eating-adaptive device helps a person with PD to improve their feeding performance. Method. Single-case ABC-type experimental design. Performance and satisfaction of a 60-year-old man with PD were assessed during feeding tasks in 70 sequential days in three phases. Celeration Line, Two-Standard Deviation Band, and Visual Analysis were the methods used for data analysis. Findings. Performance and satisfaction increased significantly after the introduction of the adaptive eating device. The addition of weight also contributed to the increase in the participant’s performance. Implications. Adaptive eating device with low production costs and possibility of customized adjustments improves performance of people with PD.
Magnetic resonance–guided radiotherapy feasibility in elderly cancer patients: proposal of the MASTER scoring system
Authors: Boldrini Luca , Colloca Giuseppe F. , Villani Emanuele , Chiloiro Giuditta , Bellieni Andrea , Manfrida Stefania , Cellini Francesco , Gambacorta Maria Antonietta , Valentini Vincenzo 
Published: May 2020

Background: Elderly patients are often excluded from advanced treatments owing to clinical complexity or frailty. Magnetic resonance–guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) represents a new frontier of radiotherapy delivery that can play an important role in the management of these patients. Aim: To assess MRgRT feasibility in elderly patients, describe their compliance with this treatment, and provide a scoring system for elderly patient selection. Methods: Patients aged >75 years were enrolled. No restrictions on tumor site, staging, or treatment intent were applied. Patients underwent joint radiation oncology–geriatrics visits to assess the feasibility of MRgRT and to identify the most significant items (i.e. clinical variables) for the setup of a scoring system. The proposed scoring system was then internally validated on a prospectively enrolled cohort of elderly patients who were candidates for MRgRT. Results: Thirty patients were enrolled between February and March 2018. Their mean age was 81.4 ± 3.4 years (range 75–88). Radiotherapy intent was curative in 26 patients; 14 patients were considered frail at screening tests before radiotherapy. Twelve items were identified as clinically significant for the setup of the MASTER score (MRI-Guided Radiotherapy Selection Elderly Score) score. Validation of the score showed 100% reliability, with no patient discharged after selection. Conclusions: MRgRT appears to be feasible in elderly patients and the MASTER score is proposed to support clinical decision-making in recommending elderly patients for this technology.
The Effect of Thursday Night Games on In-Game Injury Rates in the National Football League
Authors: Perez Jose R. , Burke Jonathan , Zalikha Abdul K. , Damodar Dhanur , Geller Joseph S. , Buskard Andrew N.L. , Kaplan Lee D. , Baraga Michael G. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Although claims of increased injury rates with Thursday night National Football League (NFL) games exist, a paucity of data exist substantiating these claims. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of rest between games on in-game injury rates as it pertains to overall injury incidence, location, and player position. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study. Methods: Data were obtained from official NFL game books for regular season games from all 32 teams for the 2013-2016 seasons. All in-game injuries recorded in official game books were included. Rest periods between games were classified as short (4 days), regular (6-8 days), or long (≥10 days). Overall observed injury rates per team-game were analyzed in relation to different rest periods using negative binomial regression. For results with significant overall findings, pairwise comparisons were tested using the Wald chi-square test. Exploratory secondary analyses were performed in a similar fashion to assess differences in injury rates for the different rest periods when stratified by anatomic location and player position. Results: A total of 2846 injuries were identified throughout the 4 seasons. There was an overall significant difference in injuries per team-game between short, regular, and long rest ( P = .01). With short rest, an observed mean of 1.26 injuries per game (95% CI, 1.06-1.49) was significantly different from the 1.53 observed injuries per game with regular rest (95% CI, 1.46-1.60; P = .03), but not compared with the 1.34 observed injuries per game with long rest ( P = .56). For player position, only the tight end, linebacker, and fullback group demonstrated significant differences between the injury rates for different rest categories. Quarterback was the only position with more injuries during games played on Thursday compared with both regular and long rest. This specific analysis was underpowered and the difference was not significant ( P = .08). No differences were found regarding injury rates in correlation with differences in rest periods with different injury locations. Conclusion: A short rest period between games is not associated with increased rates of observed injuries reported in NFL game books; rather, our data suggest there are significantly fewer injuries for Thursday night games compared with games played on regular rest. Future research correlating rest and quarterback injury rates is warranted.