bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidental squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis presenting as skin invasion: a case report
Authors: Sun Xinghui , Li Yongqing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis is a rare neoplasm, accounting for less than 0.8% of malignant renal tumors. Chronic irritation is believed to be the primary pathogenic cause for squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. The most frequently reported cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis generally present with hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, or nephrolithiasis. The skin of the flank is a very uncommon site of clinical presentation. Here, we report an exceedingly rare case of squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis presenting as skin invasion of the flank.

Case presentation
A 66-year-old Han Chinese man consulted our hospital because of a right lumbar skin lesion lasting more than 3 months. His physical examination revealed that he had a palpable mass about 6.0 cm × 5.0 cm in size at the posterior axillary line in the right low back with skin ulceration 3 mm in diameter and exudation on it. Magnetic resonance imaging showed hydronephrosis of the right kidney and plaque-like abnormal signal in the middle portion of the kidney. The patient underwent a right nephrectomy. The sinus tract formation between the ulcerative skin in the right low back and the middle portion of the right kidney could be found. The distended kidney could not be excised entirely for tight adhesion. Pathological examination showed moderately differentiated renal squamous cell carcinoma with invasion of the renal parenchyma and perirenal adipose tissue.

Conclusion
It is extremely rare for renal squamous cell carcinoma to present as skin invasion. Recurrent percutaneous nephrolithotomy may be a risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. The possibility of renal squamous cell carcinoma should be kept in mind in patients who have hydronephrosis, nephrolithiasis, or chronic pyelonephritis for a long time or with renal anomalies. More radiological examinations are suggested for such patients.
Chemokines during anaphylaxis: the importance of CCL2 and CCL2-dependent chemotactic activity for basophils
Authors: Vantur Romana , Rihar Marusa , Koren Ana , Rijavec Matija , Kopac Peter , Bidovec-Stojkovic Urska , Erzen Renato , Korosec Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe role of chemokines in anaphylaxis is unclear.MethodsWe prospectively recruited 49 patients presenting to the emergency department with an acute episode of anaphylaxis and 28 healthy subjects. We measured serum levels of the chemokines CCL2, CCL5, CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL17, CCL21, CCL22, CCL24, and CCL26, tryptase, the absolute number of circulating basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and PMNs, and whole bloodFCER1A,CPA3andHDCgene expression at two time points: during the anaphylactic episode and in convalescent samples collected approximately 3 months later. We then investigated the in vitro chemotactic activity of chemokines induced during anaphylaxis for the in vitro migration of the corresponding cells.ResultsOnly CCL2 chemokine levels were significantly increased in anaphylaxis samples (median 514 pg/ml) compared to convalescent samples (284 pg/ml,P < 0.0001) and healthy subjects (279 pg/ml,P < 0.0001); there was no significant difference in any of the other chemokines. There was a significant positive correlation between the rates of increase of serum CCL2 (median [range]: 106.0% [− 44.7% to 557.4%]) and tryptase (133.8% [− 6.6% to 893.4%]; r = 0.68, P < 0.0001) and between the acute concentration of serum CCL2 and the acute concentration of serum tryptase (r = 0.77, P < 0.0001). The number of circulating basophils, but not other blood cells, significantly decreased during anaphylaxis (median 5.0 vs. 19.1 cells/µl in convalescent samples;P < 0.0001); a decrease in whole-blood gene expression of basophil markers (P ≤ 0.0018) confirmed these changes. Anaphylactic serum enhances the in vitro migration of basophils via CCL2-dependent chemotactic activity; in contrast, no CCL2-dependent chemotactic activity was observed for convalescent samples.ConclusionsOur findings imply an important and specific role for CCL2-mediated chemotactic activity in the pathophysiology of human anaphylaxis.
Renal complications in coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review
Authors: Minami Taichiro , Iwata Yasunori , Wada Takashi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe world today is facing a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which mainly causes a respiratory disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, its pathogenesis and complications should be identified and understood. SARS-CoV-2 infects the host using the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its receptor, which is expressed in several organs including the lungs, heart, kidneys, and intestines. Kidney complications are relatively common, and acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening complication in patients with COVID-19. In this review, the renal histological patterns of COVID-19 are described in detail, and its potential mechanisms associated with AKI are discussed.
On the combination of data augmentation method and gated convolution model for building effective and robust intrusion detection
Authors: Wang Yixiang , lv Shaohua , Liu Jiqiang , Chang Xiaolin , Wang Jinqiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDeep learning (DL) has exhibited its exceptional performance in fields like intrusion detection. Various augmentation methods have been proposed to improve data quality and eventually to enhance the performance of DL models. However, the classic augmentation methods cannot be applied to those DL models which exploit the system-call sequences to detect intrusion. Previously, the seq2seq model has been explored to augment system-call sequences. Following this work, we propose a gated convolutional neural network (GCNN) model to thoroughly extract the potential information of augmented sequences. Also, in order to enhance the model’s robustness, we adopt adversarial training to reduce the impact of adversarial examples on the model. Adversarial examples used in adversarial training are generated by the proposed adversarial sequence generation algorithm. The experimental results on different verified models show that GCNN model can better obtain the potential information of the augmented data and achieve the best performance. Furthermore, GCNN with adversarial training can enhance robustness significantly.
A nova agenda urbana e a política fundiária no Brasil entre o horizonte e o abismo: considerações sobre a proposta de emenda constitucional nº. 80/2019 e o esvaziamento da função social da propriedade / The new urban agenda and land policy in Brazil between horizon and the abysm: considerations on the constitutional amendment proposal nº 0/2019 and the emptying of the propritty’s social function
Authors: Giacobbo Guilherme Estima , Hermany Ricardo 
Published: December 2020

ResumoOs avanços em torno do Direito à Cidade no Brasil, mesmo após o advento da Nova Agenda Urbana, resultante da conferência Habitat III, se encontram ameaçados por propostas legislativas que visam retirar o condicionamento do direito de propriedade ao cumprimento da função social. Analisou-se, primeiramente, a consolidação do direito à cidade enquanto norteador a política urbana nacional, a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, bem como a ameaça de esvaziamento de seu conteúdo, cristalizada na Proposta de Emenda Constitucional nº 80/2019. Utilizou-se o método de abordagem dedutivo, utilizando técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, legislativa e procedimento monográfico, centrando-se na premissa da incompatibilidade da proposta em análise com o conteúdo constitucional referente à política urbana. Concluiu-se que a proposta tem grande carga de retrocesso ao desenvolvimento da política urbana, além de incompatibilidade constitucional pelo esvaziamento da função social da propriedade, bem como se encontra em oposição aos objetivos dispostos na Nova Agenda Urbana, compromisso internacional para o desenvolvimento urbano sustentável da qual o Brasil é parte.Palavras-Chave: Direito à cidade; Espaço local; Função social da propriedade; Nova Agenda Urbana; Política fundiária. AbstractThe advances in the Right to the City in Brazil, even after the advent of the New Urban Agenda, resulting from the Habitat III conference, are threatened by legislative proposals that aim at removing the conditioning of property rights to fulfill social functions. Firstly, it was analized the consolidation of the right to the city as a guideline for national urban policy, starting with the Federal Constitution of 1988, was analyzed, as well as the threat of emptying its content, crystallized in the Proposed Constitutional Amendment nº 80/2019. The deductive approach method was used, using bibliographic and legislative research technique and monographic procedure, focusing on the premise of the incompatibility of the proposal under analysis with the constitutional content referring to urban policy. It was concluded that the proposal has a major setback for the development of urban policy, in addition to constitutional incompatibility due to the emptying of the social function of property, as well as being in opposition to the objectives set out in the New Urban Agenda, an international commitment to sustainable urban development of which Brazil is a part.Keywords: Social function of property; Land policy; Local space; New Urban Agenda; Right to the city.
Mobilidade urbana: a participação social como um caminho para o direito à cidade - o caso das mobcidades em Ilhéus-BA / Urban mobility: social participation as a way to the right to the city - the case of mobcities in Ilhéis-BA
Authors: Mata Catrine Cadja Indio do Brasil da , Leal Erica Almeida , Cavalcante Aniram Lins , Benavides Zina Angelica Caceres 
Published: December 2020

ResumoEste trabalho visa demonstrar o processo de redemocratização da cidade, tendo em vista que o Brasil enquanto Estado democrático de Direito, necessita dos instrumentos de participação social, capazes de conferir ao cidadão o sentimento de pertencimento e de apropriação do espaço urbano. Utilizou-se como metodologia a revisão bibliográfica para construção do primeiro e segundo capítulo, enquanto o terceiro capítulo foi construído através do estudo de caso do Projeto MobCidades no Município de Ilhéus-BA. Como resultado, constatou-se que a mobilização dos atores sociais e os mecanismos de democracia participativa ganham relevância no cenário político, mostrando-se imprescindíveis para viabilizar a destinação de recursos públicos para ações e projetos que atendam aos interesses de diversos segmentos sociais e propiciem melhorias significativas no âmbito da acessibilidade e da mobilidade urbana. Apesar da legitimação da participação popular nas questões urbanas, percebe-se que poderes deliberativos ainda permanecem sobre o manto da máquina estatal, enquanto o cidadão encontra-se distante da gestão pública, o que nos faz questionar sobre o funcionamento dos mecanismos de participação social, visando incluir os anseios da população nas decisões referentes a políticas de mobilidade.Palavras-chave: Redemocratização da cidade. Participação social. Inclusão. AbstractThis work aims to demonstrate the process of redemocratization of the city, considering that Brazil as a democratic State of Law, needs the instruments of social participation, capable of giving the citizen the feeling of belonging and appropriation of the urban space. To this end, a case study of the MobCidades Project was carried out in the Municipality of Ilhéus-BA, based on information and data obtained from the Instituto Nossa Ilhéus proponent of the project and a bibliographic review, based on books, periodicals and legislation dealing with on the matter, and case study. As a result, it was found that the mobilization of social actors and the mechanisms of participatory democracy gain relevance in the political scenario, proving to be essential to enable the allocation of public resources for actions and projects that meet the interests of different social segments and provide improvements significant in the scope of accessibility and urban mobility. Despite the legitimacy of popular participation in urban issues, it is clear that deliberative powers still remain under the mantle of the state machine, while the citizen is distant from public management, which makes us question the functioning of the mechanisms of social participation, aiming to include the population's concerns in decisions regarding mobility policies.Keywords: Redemocratization of the city. social participation. Inclusion.
Mobilidade urbana e democracia deliberativa: a atuação do Conselho Municipal de Transporte e Trânsito da Cidade de São Paulo/SP / Urban mobility and deliberative democracy: the Municipal Council of Transport and Transit of the City of São Paulo/SP
Authors: Lima Renata Miranda , Albuquerque Carolina , Vicentini Juliana De Oliveira 
Published: December 2020

ResumoEsta pesquisa estuda o direito de ir e vir, as dificuldades de locomoção e espaços deliberativos como instrumento de melhoria da mobilidade. Para tanto, o conceito teórico de Mobilidade Urbana é desenvolvido e se apresenta um panorama do acirramento dos problemas de mobilidade. São analisadas as atas das reuniões do CMTT – Conselho Municipal de Trânsito e Transporte, entre agosto de 2013 a janeiro de 2018. A metodologia utiliza pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, além do estudo de caso e análise estatística. Tem-se como resultado da pesquisa que o Direito de Ir e Vir, apesar de ser Direito de Liberdade, demanda prestações positivas do Estado, em razão de suas características de Direito Social; que a importância do Direito a Mobilidade Urbana é ampliada pela sua função de direito de meio; e que políticas públicas desenhadas e implantadas com participação popular são necessárias para equacionar as dificuldades impostas à mobilidade.Palavras-chave: Direito de Ir e Vir, Mobilidade Urbana; Democracia Deliberativa; Cidade de São Paulo, Conselho Municipal de Transporte e Trânsito - CMTT. AbstractThis research studies the right to come and go, the mobility difficulties and the deliberative spaces as an instrument to improve Mobility. Based on the concept of Urban Mobility, we present an overview of Mobility problems in the city of São Paulo, within the interest topics of CMTT - Municipal Council of Transit and Transport. The methodology is bibliographic, in addition to documentary research and case study, with the objective of thinking about mobility in the City of São Paulo and analyzing the deliberations of the CMTT between August 2013 and January 2018. As a result, the Right to Coming and going, despite being a Right of Freedom, demands positive benefits from the State, due to its characteristics of Social Law; the importance of the Right to Urban Mobility is enhanced by its role as a way to reach other rights; and that public policies designed with popular participation are necessary to address the difficulties imposed on Mobility.Keywords: Right to Come and Go, Urban Mobility; Deliberative Democracy; City of São Paulo, Municipal Transport and Traffic Council - CMTT.
O direito à cidade, a especulação imobiliária e o IPTU progressivo no tempo / The right to city, real estate speculation and progressive IPTU in the time
Authors: Carmona Paulo Afonso Cavichioli , Bomtempo Eugênio Pacceli de Morais 
Published: December 2020

ResumoO objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a importância do direito à cidade, sobretudo, examinando como resgatar as camadas mais empobrecidas do Brasil, por vezes, tão prejudicadas por especulações imobiliárias, tendo de morar em locais degradados e distantes, sem infraestrutura, enquanto enormes espaços vazios figuram ociosos por muitos anos. Como objetivo específico, pretende analisar o Imposto Predial e Territorial Urbano (IPTU), progressivo no tempo, como forma de se efetivar o direito à cidade, pela função socioambiental do uso da propriedade. Metodologicamente, por intermédio de pesquisa qualitativa e de método dedutivo, busca-se acesso a dados coletados no acervo bibliográfico nacional, com algumas incursões em publicações internacionais. Observa-se que a esperança para os pobres vem da qualidade da tributação nos países mais desiguais. Conclui-se, que a tributação do IPTU pode ser cada vez mais justa no Brasil e que o IPTU progressivo no tempo contribui significativamente para a efetivação do direito à cidade.Palavras-chave: Direito à cidade. Especulação. IPTU Progressivo no Tempo. Pobreza. AbstractThe objective of this research is to analyze the importance of the right to the city, especially by examining how to rescue the impoverished layers of Brazil, sometimes so harmed by real estate speculation, having to live in degraded and distant places, without infrastructure, while huge empty spaces have staying for many years disoccupied. Its specific objective was to analyze the property tax (IPTU), which is progressive over time, as a way to guarantee the right to the city via the socio-environmental function of the use of property. Methodologically it was decided to do a qualitative research by the deductive method. Data was collected in the national bibliographic collection, with some forays into international publications. It was noted that the hope of poor people rely on the quality of taxation in the most unequal countries. It was concluded that progressive property tax taxation may be increasingly fair in Brazil and that the progressive property tax in the time contributes significantly to the realization of the right to the city.Keywords: Right to the city. Speculation. Progressive IPTU in Time. Poverty.
Taxas municipais de geração e de coleta de resíduos sólidos: diferenças e análise da função extrafiscal / Municipal taxes for the generation and collection of solid waste: differences and analysis of extrafiscal function
Authors: Gomes Magno Federici , Sá Viviane Kelly Silva 
Published: December 2020

ResumoO presente artigo objetiva avaliar dois tributos referentes ao gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos: a taxa de geração de resíduos sólidos, proposta de tributo ainda não difundida no Brasil, e taxa de coleta de resíduos sólidos, já vigente em alguns municípios brasileiros. Por meio do método teórico documental e de pesquisa bibliográfica foi possível apresentar os conceitos de taxa e de poder de polícia e, posteriormente, apontar as diferenças existentes entre os dois tipos de tributos estudados. Conclui-se que ambas as taxas possuem caráter extrafiscal e, por esse motivo, sua implementação se faz necessária a fim de garantir a proteção ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, exercida, neste caso, pelos municípios.Palavras-chave: Extrafiscalidade; Gerenciamento; Resíduos Sólidos; Taxa; Tributos. AbstractThis paper seeks to evaluate two taxes related to waste management: waste generation tax, proposal not yet disseminated in Brazil, and the used waste collection tax, already current in some Brazilian cities. Through the hypothetical-deductive method and bibliographic research, it was possible present the concepts of tax and police power and, subsequently, point out differences between the two taxes. The conclusion was that both rates have extrafiscal function and, for this reason, their implementation is necessary in order to guarantee protection to the ecologically balanced environment, exercised, in this case, by the municipalities.Keywords: Extrafiscality; Management; Rate ; Solid waste; Taxes.
Restoration of severe localized tooth wear with zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate: A case report
Authors: Srinivas Anurag , Brock Gareth 
Published: December 2020

Tooth wear is becoming an increasingly common cause for referral to restorative dentistry departments in the UK. Often, these cases are treated with resin-bonded composite direct restorations in the first instance. This article presents a case of 23-year-old patient who was treated using zirconia-reinforced lithium disilicate restorations. CPD/Clinical Relevance: In certain cases, indirect restorations can be considered a first-line treatment, based on the presentation and patient factors. Each case should be evaluated on its own merits and careful consideration should be given to the evidence base and its relevance.
Management of patients on oral anticoagulants in dental practice
Authors: Nathwani Shrina 
Published: December 2020

The UK has an increasingly ageing population and, inevitably, the prevalence of anticoagulation among dental patients will grow. This same group of patients are retaining their natural teeth longer and will potentially require dental treatment and oral surgical procedures and so, general dental practitioners will need to be aware of the implications of anticoagulant drugs. Equally, to comply with requirements set by the General Dental Council's ‘Standards for the Dental Team’ it is imperative to ensure that, as clinicians, we put patients' interests first, and provide quality care based on current evidence. CPD/Clinical Relevance: It is important that dentists have knowledge and expertise to consult and treat medically compromised patients for patient safety and to adhere to best practice guidelines.
Foreign body surgery in the inferior alveolar nerve canal following endodontic treatment
Authors: Blackhall Kristian K , Khoo Yee , Downie Ian P 
Published: December 2020

Endodontic treatment can result in the extrusion of dental sealant material beyond the apex of a tooth. Dental sealant materials are known to have potentially cytotoxic properties and can cause damage to biological structures. This article describes the case of a patient who had experienced a sustained painful dysaesthesia of the left inferior alveolar nerve as a result of extrusion of material beyond the apex of the tooth into the nerve canal, and the surgical approach taken to directly treat the nerve and improve her symptoms. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Awareness of the potential and sustained effects of dental sealant material on biological tissue, as well as the proximity of important anatomical structures, such as the inferior alveolar nerve, will help practitioners in the safe treatment of patients. Additionally, an awareness of the signs and symptoms of foreign body reactions within soft tissues will aid diagnosis and prompt onward referral for specialist treatments.
Update on tooth notation, guidelines for extraction and a new technique for extractions: intra-oral dental marking
Authors: Patel Krishna , Jeremiah Huw G , Barber Andrew 
Published: December 2020

Effective communication is required when referring patients for extractions and surgical procedures. There are multiple notation systems used for the identification of teeth, making communication for dental extractions challenging. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the methods available to identify teeth and to propose a novel technique to identify erupted teeth for extraction. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dental professionals should be aware of the importance of effective communication when identifying teeth planned for extraction and using a method that will minimize the chances of wrong tooth extraction.