bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontologie et « activité finaliste » dans Néo-finalisme de Raymond Ruyer
Authors: Poltier Hugues 
Published: August 2020

L’objet de cette étude est de clarifier la notion d’« activité finaliste » dans Néo-finalisme de Ruyer. Après avoir montré que la réactivation de la notion décriée de finalisme trouve sa motivation dans le constat de l’impossibilité de penser le moment subjectif dans l’épistémologie mécaniste, largement héritée de Descartes, l’auteur s’attache à reconstruire le motif néo -finaliste de Ruyer et à en indiquer, outre sa parenté avec la monadologie leibnizienne, sa force intrinsèque, conceptuelle et ontologique. Étonné par sa non-réception en philosophie et histoire des sciences, il conclut en en suggérant des raisons possibles.
What Is the Cost of a Posterior Capsule Rupture Complication?
Authors: Ryburn Cullen , Patnaik Jennifer L. , Miller D. Claire , Alexander Jamie , Lynch Anne M. , Davidson Richard S. , Taravella Michael J. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To examine the cost of a posterior capsule rupture (PCR) in patients who underwent planned phacoemulsification.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective review of 8,113 cataract surgeries performed between January 2014 and December 2017 at one academic institution. The rate of PCR was 0.55%, and 34 patients with PCR who met inclusion criteria were identified. Investigators evaluated the added operating room time required to manage PCR, subsequent surgeon visits beyond the typical average, referrals to other specialties, further imaging, and additional required surgeries.

RESULTS:
Patients with PCR had an additional 2.76 (standard deviation [SD] ± 3.27) postoperative encounters and 3.06 (SD ± 3.78) visits to another subspecialty. Operating room time was found to average 61.43 minutes (range: 21 to 191 minutes) at an additional cost of $455.48 (SD ± $407.37). Additional visits, imaging, and procedures added $655.59 (SD ± $767.21). The total additional average cost was $1,111.07 (SD ± $1,021.20) per PCR.

CONCLUSION:
Posterior capsular ruptures impose a substantial cost burden on the health care system.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:444–447.]
Extracellular Vesicles from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Suppress MHC-Related Molecules in Human Lung Macrophages
Authors: Armstrong David A , Lee Min Kyung , Hazlett Haley F , Dessaint John A , Mellinger Diane L , Aridgides Daniel S , Hendricks Gregory M , Abdalla Moemen A K , Christensen Brock C , Ashare Alix 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium, is one of the most common pathogens colonizing the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. P. aeruginosa secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain LPS and other virulence factors that modulate the host’s innate immune response, leading to an increased local proinflammatory response and reduced pathogen clearance, resulting in chronic infection and ultimately poor patient outcomes. Lung macrophages are the first line of defense in the airway innate immune response to pathogens. Proper host response to bacterial infection requires communication between APC and T cells, ultimately leading to pathogen clearance. In this study, we investigate whether EVs secreted from P. aeruginosa alter MHC Ag expression in lung macrophages, thereby potentially contributing to decreased pathogen clearance. Primary lung macrophages from human subjects were collected via bronchoalveolar lavage and exposed to EVs isolated from P. aeruginosa in vitro. Gene expression was measured with the NanoString nCounter gene expression assay. DNA methylation was measured with the EPIC array platform to assess changes in methylation. P. aeruginosa EVs suppress the expression of 11 different MHC-associated molecules in lung macrophages. Additionally, we show reduced DNA methylation in a regulatory region of gene complement factor B (CFB) as the possible driving mechanism of widespread MHC gene suppression. Our results demonstrate MHC molecule downregulation by P. aeruginosa–derived EVs in lung macrophages, which is consistent with an immune evasion strategy employed by a prokaryote in a host–pathogen interaction, potentially leading to decreased pulmonary bacterial clearance.
Injury, Illness, and Training Load in a Professional Contemporary Dance Company: A Prospective Study
Authors: Jeffries Annie C. , Wallace Lee , Coutts Aaron J. , Cohen Ashlea Mary , McCall Alan , Impellizzeri Franco M. 
Published: August 2020

ContextProfessional dance is a demanding physical activity with high injury rates. Currently, no epidemiologic data exist regarding the incidence of injury and illness together with training load (TL) over a long period of time.ObjectiveTo provide a detailed description of injury, illness, and TL occurring in professional contemporary dancers.DesignDescriptive epidemiology study.SettingA single professional contemporary dance company during a 1-year period.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 16 male and female professional contemporary dancers.Main Outcome Measure(s)Injury data consisted of medical-attention injury (Med-Inj) and time-loss injury (Time-Inj). Illness was measured using the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Survey. Training load was collected for each dance session using the session rating of perceived exertion and classified into 3 groups based on individual and group percentiles: low, medium, or high.ResultsReported injuries totaled 79 (86.1% new, 6.3% reinjury, and 7.6% exacerbation). The Med-Inj incidence rate was 4.6 per 1000 hours (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.8, 5.8), and the Time-Inj rate was 1.4 per 1000 hours (95% CI = 0.8, 2.1). The median time until injury for Med-Inj and Time-Inj was 3 months. The number of days dancers experienced illness symptoms was 39.9 ± 26.9 (range = 1–96), with an incidence rate of 9.1 per 1000 hours (95% CI = 7.7, 10.7). Mean weekly TL was 6685 ± 1605 (4641–10 391; arbitrary units). Inconsistent results were found for the incidence of injury and illness based on individual and group categorizations of TL.ConclusionsProfessional dancing is associated with high injury and illness rates. This is worrying from a health perspective and underlines the need for further studies to understand how to decrease the risk. The TL is higher than in other sport disciplines, but whether the high incidence of injuries and illnesses is related to high training demands needs additional investigation, possibly conducted as international, multicenter collaborative studies.
Kuperberg invariants for balanced sutured 3-manifolds
Authors: Neumann Daniel López 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe construct quantum invariants of balanced sutured 3-manifolds with a
${\text {Spin}^c}$
structure out of an involutive (possibly nonunimodular) Hopf superalgebra H. If H is the Borel subalgebra of

${U_q(\mathfrak {gl}(1|1))}$
, we show that our invariant is computed via Fox calculus, and it is a normalization of Reidemeister torsion. The invariant is defined via a modification of a construction of Kuperberg, where we use the

${\text {Spin}^c}$
structure to take care of the nonunimodularity of H or

$H^{*}$
.
Variational principles for symplectic eigenvalues
Authors: Bhatia Rajendra , Jain Tanvi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIf A is a real

$2n \times 2n$
positive definite matrix, then there exists a symplectic matrix M such that

$M^TAM=\text {diag}(D, D),$
where D is a positive diagonal matrix with diagonal entries

$d_1(A)\leqslant \cdots \leqslant d_n(A).$
We prove a maxmin principle for

$d_k(A)$
akin to the classical Courant–Fisher–Weyl principle for Hermitian eigenvalues and use it to derive an analogue of the Weyl inequality

$d_{i+j-1}(A+B)\geqslant d_i(A)+d_j(B).$
Rigidity of diagonally embedded triangle groups
Authors: Burelle Jean-Philippe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe show local rigidity of hyperbolic triangle groups generated by reflections in pairs of n-dimensional subspaces of

$\mathbb {R}^{2n}$
obtained by composition of the geometric representation in

$\mathsf {PGL}(2,\mathbb {R})$
with the diagonal embeddings into

$\mathsf {PGL}(2n,\mathbb {R})$
and

$\mathsf {PSp}^\pm (2n,\mathbb {R})$
.
The political goodwill is a good foundation to build a beneficial bilateral relationship for Spain and Russia: greeting to the participants of the VIII International Scientific Conference of Hispanists “Trajectory and perspectives of the Hispanic world: research and teaching”, held at the MGIMO University
Authors: Rubio Ignacio Ybáñez 
Published: August 2020

The necessity of an exchange of views between representatives of academic and scientific centers from many countries on a wide range of issues relating to Iberoamerican region can not be overemphasized. At this difficult historical moment, it is important to understand clearly all the risks and opportunities of international dialogue that can prevent a rollback from cooperation to the times of the cold war. Spain, acting within the EU, strives for to reduce tensions, wishing to build a Spanish-Russian relationship on a mutually beneficial basis, since both sides suffer from the growth of distrust and the restriction of exchanges. Clear prospects for cooperation between Russia and Spain exist in the struggle against common threats: terrorism and international crime, which are grieving for both countries. The problems that exist between countries should be resolved through dialogue, implementation of agreements, reached with the participation of all interested parties.
Adjustments to the Classification of Forms of Modern Multinational Spanish Language as a Linguistic System
Authors: Nikíforova Svetlana 
Published: August 2020

The main objective of the research: The article analyzes a notion of a “national variant of multinational language” introduced by the academic G.V. Stepánov, as well as a classification of forms of modern multinational Spanish language as a linguistic system elaborated by the academic N. M. Fírsova.The research methods and the methodology used: To conduct this research the author has been analyzing theoretical literature on the subject; examining constitutions and legislative acts related to political status of Spanish-speaking countries and regions; using materials collected while writing the doctoral thesis and author’s own experience obtained during her multiple trips to Spain and Latin American countries. Also, the following research methods have been used: descriptive, comparative, functional, structural and statistical methods, a tracking method for development of linguistic phenomena and a linguocultural analysis method.The main findings of the research: 1. The existence in the modern world of multiple state structure forms, as well as often indeterminate legal status of a language within those forms, sometimes prevent us from determining which political formation should be viewed as an independent state and which language would be considered as an official / state one in each specific case. We believe some adjustments should be introduced to the classification of the existing Spanish language forms elaborated by the academic N. M. Fírsova. It is necessary to remove the “state language” characteristic from the P.I called “National Variant of Spanish Language” which will lead to replacing the term “national variant” with “regional variant”. 2. The ideas of political, religious, legal and other equality of any minority groups and communities that spread in the last decades and a so-called “transfer of Europe of the states to Europe of the regions” are gradually shattering the hierarchy of language forms in linguistics. Thus, the hierarchical status of the “dialect” rises to the level of the “national variant”. On the one hand, we propose to introduce the “prestige” characteristic of the language into the classification, and, on the other hand, to unify the notions of the “regional variant” and the “dialect” into a single category of the “regional variant”. 3. We propose to create a paragraph called “Subdialect” and consider it as the smallest territorial variety of a language. 4. We propose to consider a possibility of merging together the paragraphs II (“territorial variant”) and III (“territorial dialect”) of N.M.Fírsova’s classification.The main conclusions: A new classification of language forms where the language represents a linguistic system with a new set of characteristics corresponding to each point is introduced for discussion. As a result, it is proposed to replace the term “multinational language” with the term “multi-variant language”.
What is yopará? (Observations on paraguayan Spanish)
Authors: Sadikov A. 
Published: August 2020

The article purports to summarize and rethink a considerable amount of facts collected by various researchers who studied the linguistic situation and the interplay of two languages, Spanish and Guarani, in modern Paraguay. Having revised a number facts pertaining to different levels of the language system, the author arrives at the conclusion that the linguistic phenomenon called yopará is emerging as a new language in the full sense of this word, its mixed origin notwithstanding, a real future national language now taking shape.
The Catalan crisis 2012-2017: political, institutional and ethnopolitical aspects
Authors: Baranov A. V. 
Published: August 2020

The relevance of the study: attempts to secede of Catalonia from Spain in 2012–2017 are a characteristic manifestation of the crisis of the national states in the context of globalization. The objective of the study is to determine the politicalinstitutional and ethno-political parameters of the Catalan crisis of 2012–2017 in the context of the interactions of the Spanish state of autonomies and their autonomous communities. The research materials are normative juridical acts of the Kingdom of Spain and the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, resolutions of political parties, statements of political leaders, results of opinion polls, statistical data of population censuses. Research methods: neoinstitutionalism, constructivist paradigm in ethnopolitology. The results of the investigation. The Catalan crisis of 2012–2017 confirmed the decrease in confidence in the state of autonomy and the party system of the country, caused by a deficit of democracy. The main factors in the fragmentation of the state are: the unfinished nation-building; weak national identity compared to regional and ethnic identity; import of secession institutes and technologies. The conflict is not resolved and requires a radical reform of Spain’s political system based on dialogue and constitutional reform.
Israel Continues to Expand Its Settlements
Authors: Sukhanov V. 
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the influence of the religious aspects on the political processes in Israel. Special attention is paid to the role of religion in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. The author shows the trend towards politicization of religion and characterizes the process as unconstructive, which prevents to a peaceful settlement of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.The article also discusses the interaction between secular and religious principles in the State of Israel, estimates the current situation, highlights the importance of the religious component in the political life of Israel.
Russia and Korean Peninsula in the New International Situation
Authors: Denisov V. 
Published: August 2020

Recent trends in international situation around Korean peninsula and the policy of main stateactors are being considered. The USA is trying to reinforce its military presence in South Korea. Seoul is seeking to revise its previous agreements with USA in the sphere of nuclear energy. Trilateral interaction (US-Japan-South Corea) on the problem of North Korean nuclear potential is strengthening. US policy towards North Korea is aimed at counteraction to reinforcement of Russian and Chinese influence in the region. At the same time the USA provides support to North-South dialogue while pressurizing North Korea on the issues of human rights and denuclearization.Pyongyang is concerned with military rapprochement between South Korea and USA and is trying to make North Korean nuclear program an object of bargaining for peaceful settlement on Korean peninsula. North-to-South relations should be regarded as military opposition in spite of constant appeals to peaceful reunification, development of economic and cultural ties etc. Current analysis reveals that both North and South Korea are still far from real progress in this respect.Chinese factor is essential though Beijing behavior is cautious. After Kim Rong Un rise to power political and economic relations between North and South weakened. Pyongyang is concerned with regular contacts between China and US on North Korea problems. Aggravation of international situation did not lead to decline in China-South Korea relations, though China is against deployment of missile-defence THAAD complexes. Chinese policy in Korea is aimed at sustaining of status-quo in the peninsula and barring collapse of the North Corea regime.Policy of Russia is invariably based on the principles formulated in 2001. Recently North Korea has revealed intentions to resume political dialogue with Russia, while South Korea is seemingly not interested in broader co-operation with Russia. Up to the author’s opinion it is necessary to promote six-sided negotiations process, avoid extremes in approaches to both Korean states, and oppose to US domination in the region.
The Regional Situation in the Middle East: Current State and Prospects for Development
Authors: Krylov A. , Fedorchenko A. 
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the main trends that determine the dynamics of transformation processes and the future of the entire Middle East region. Projected scenarios are examined through the prism of Russian foreign policy and strategic interests.It has become even more evident that the American scheme of the new world order, including the Middle East, is unviable. Strengthening of Islamic radical organizations and expanded range of their activities were connected with the coming to power of the Obama administration. In Iraq, Syria, the former confrontation has entered a new phase and become even more acute. In 2014, «Islamic State» (ISIS) has begun a largescale expansion, as a result of the bloody battles part of the territory of these countries came under the control of the Islamists. The effectiveness of the fight against the ISIS is due to a combination of political, military, economic and social measures. Furthermore, it should be coordinated internationally. The coordination of anti-terrorist activities of Russia with the countries of East and West can bring positive results.Resolving of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has reached a deadlock. The fundamental unwillingness of governments, led by Benjamin Netanyahu, to go to any concessions to the Palestinians eventually led to the predictable surge in violence between the conflicting parties in the autumn of 2015, which many political observers and analysts attributed to the beginning of the third intifada.In the depths of the Arabian monarchies there are complex social and economic processes. In the period of generational change in some GCC countries the problem of succession is quite acute. In the south of the Arabian Peninsula an assessment of the current difficult situation in Yemen suggests that the least painful exit for this country is federalization. In the final part of the article the system lag of the region in economic development is considered as a further challenge to the states of the Middle East.
The main actors of interior political conflict in Libya
Authors: Zinin Y. 
Published: August 2020

One of the Arab Spring consequences that shocked Middle East region was an ouster of some autocratic rulers with Libyan leader M. Qaddafi among them. Libya suffered the crash of its state institutes; vacuum of rule has actually emerged. Against this background the country witnessed a starting of destruction processes. They caused systematic crises and conflicts inside new authorities which strongly aggravated since summer of 2014.The article is about to examine turbulent events which resulted in poising of dual power in 2014.The two opposing poles of power emerged in Libya: one -in Tripoli, another – in Tobruk (the East of the country), each with its own parliament, government and military forces.The author analyses the ongoing conflict between these two blocks which had already caused numerous casualties among both military and civil personal. The picture of balance of power is patchy and volant that makes the further course of confrontation between opponents extremely unpredictable.It is hard to expect a hopeful forecast for fastest cession of the conflict and normalizing of common situation in Libya.The author also examines some efforts of the United Nations to play a role of mediator to reconcile opposing sides and to restore the rule of integrated state.
The RIC Potential Amid Growing Indian-Chinese
Authors: Arapova E. 
Published: August 2020

The article aims at assessing the potential of trilateral cooperation of Russia, China and India amid growing geopolitical and economic contradictions between India and China in recent years, as well as the role of Russia in strengthening trilateral partnership. Despite the unfavorable dynamics in latent conflicts resolution, the high economic interdependence and importance of the three countries for each other push them to search for opportunities for mutually beneficial constructive partnership on an equal footing.The study demonstrates the low potential of trilateral cooperation. At the same time, cooperation at the multilateral level can be much more effective: within the SCO, BRICS and, quite possibly, "BRICS+", if this initiative is implemented in accordance with the Russian approach, with the participation of all members of the BRICS-driven integration blocks. At the same time, Russia can take on the role of moderator of the Indian-Chinese contradictions, concentrating efforts primarily in the economic area to achieve higher efficiency in the short- and medium term.