bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between genetics and environment shape Camelina seed oil composition
Authors: Brock Jordan R. , Scott Trey , Lee Amy Yoonjin , Mosyakin Sergei L. , Olsen Kenneth M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Camelina sativa (gold-of-pleasure) is a traditional European oilseed crop and emerging biofuel source with high levels of desirable fatty acids. A twentieth century germplasm bottleneck depleted genetic diversity in the crop, leading to recent interest in using wild relatives for crop improvement. However, little is known about seed oil content and genetic diversity in wild Camelina species.

Results
We used gas chromatography, environmental niche assessment, and genotyping-by-sequencing to assess seed fatty acid composition, environmental distributions, and population structure in C. sativa and four congeners, with a primary focus on the crop’s wild progenitor, C. microcarpa. Fatty acid composition differed significantly between Camelina species, which occur in largely non-overlapping environments. The crop progenitor comprises three genetic subpopulations with discrete fatty acid compositions. Environment, subpopulation, and population-by-environment interactions were all important predictors for seed oil in these wild populations. A complementary growth chamber experiment using C. sativa confirmed that growing conditions can dramatically affect both oil quantity and fatty acid composition in Camelina.

Conclusions
Genetics, environmental conditions, and genotype-by-environment interactions all contribute to fatty acid variation in Camelina species. These insights suggest careful breeding may overcome the unfavorable FA compositions in oilseed crops that are predicted with warming climates.
Conceptualizations of clinical decision-making: a scoping review in geriatric emergency medicine
Authors: Gamborg Maria Louise , Mehlsen Mimi , Paltved Charlotte , Tramm Gitte , Musaeus Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical decision-making (CDM) is an important competency for young doctors especially under complex and uncertain conditions in geriatric emergency medicine (GEM). However, research in this field is characterized by vague conceptualizations of CDM. To evolve and evaluate evidence-based knowledge of CDM, it is important to identify different definitions and their operationalizations in studies on GEM.ObjectiveA scoping review of empirical articles was conducted to provide an overview of the documented evidence of findings and conceptualizations of CDM in GEM.MethodsA detailed search for empirical studies focusing on CDM in a GEM setting was conducted in PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, EMBASE and Web of Science. In total, 52 publications were included in the analysis, utilizing a data extraction sheet, following the PRISMA guidelines. Reported outcomes were summarized.ResultsFour themes of operationalization of CDM emerged: CDM as dispositional decisions, CDM as cognition, CDM as a model, and CDM as clinical judgement. Study results and conclusions naturally differed according to how CDM was conceptualized. Thus, frailty-heuristics lead to biases in treatment of geriatric patients and the complexity of this patient group was seen as a challenge for young physicians engaging in CDM.ConclusionsThis scoping review summarizes how different studies in GEM use the term CDM. It provides an analysis of findings in GEM and call for more stringent definitions of CDM in future research, so that it might lead to better clinical practice.
Avoidability of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in an elderly hospital cohort with cases assessed for causality by the updated RUCAM score
Authors: Danjuma Mohammed Ibn-Mas’ud , Almasri Hussam , Alshokri Shaikha , Khir Fadi Khazahia , Elmalik Ashraf , Battikh Naim Ghazi , Abdallah Ibtihal Mahmoud Hassan , Elshafei Mohamed , Fatima Haajra , Mohamed Mouhand Faisal Hamad , Maghoub Yahya , Hussain Tanweer , Kamal Ijaz , Anwer Zubair , Bidmos Mubarak Ariyo , Elzouki Abdel-Naser 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) represents an increasing morbidity in the general population, but more so in the elderly cohort of patients. Despite this, the concept of its prevention through prospective analysis has largely remained unexamined. We evaluated the utility of recently validated adverse drug reactions (ADR) avoidability tool in a cohort of elderly patients with DILI.

Methods
We examined 38 DILI-drug pairs from n=38 patients in a prospective cohort of patients presenting with adverse drug reactions to a Weill Cornell-affiliated tertiary hospital between February 2019 and January 2020. DILI outcomes were adjudicated by the updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM). Two clinical pharmacologists and two general physicians utilized the Liverpool adverse drug reactions avoidability tool (LAAT) and the modified Hallas tools to rate the preventability of DILI-drug pairs. Inter-rater, exact agreement proportions, as well as intraclass correlation coefficients were generated and expressed as ordinal outcomes.

Results
The cases examined for the determination of DILI avoidability had probability likelihood of “probable” or “highly probable” by the updated RUCAM scale. Examination of the 38 DILI-drug pairs (n= 38 patients) resulted in a total of 152 ordinal outcome decisions. We found about 32.3% (50/152) and 34.2% (52/152) of DILI-drug pairs were rated as “avoidable” (“probable” or “definite”) by the LAAT and the modified Hallas tools respectively. The overall median Krippendorf’s kappa with the LAAT was 0.61 (SE 0.12, CI 0.36, 0.85) and for modified Hallas tool was 0.53 (SE 0.18; CI 0.16, 0.89). The inter-rater correlation coefficient (ICC) for the LAAT and modified Hallas were 0.50 [0.32, 0.65] and 0.63 [0.48, 0.76] respectively. Exact pairwise agreement was present in 30/38 (IQR 29.5, 34.5), and 28/38 (IQR 27.5-35.5) of DILI-ADR pairs using the LAAT and modified Hallas tools respectively.

Conclusion
We found a significant proportion of drug-induced liver injury adjudicated by the updated RUCAM scale in elderly hospitalized cohort of patients were avoidable with significant implication for therapeutic commissioning as well as cost effectiveness interventions in this cohort of patients.
Identifying risk factors for chronic kidney disease stage 3 in adults with acquired solitary kidney from unilateral nephrectomy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Wen-Jun , Wang Zi-Yi , Zhou Wei-Xing , Yang Ning-Qiang , Wang Ya , Tang Ya , Zhou Xiao-Chun , Dao Jie-Cao , Ma Yan-Ru , He Yan-Ping , Wang Xiao-Ling , Wang Wen-Ge , Yang Li 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
We aimed to examine the risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 among adults with ASK from unilateral nephrectomy.

Methods
We retrospectively collected data from adult patients with ASK between January, 2009 and January, 2019, identified from a tertiary hospital in China. The clinical data were compared between patients who developed CKD stage 3 and those who did not develop CKD stage 3 during follow-up.

Results
In total, 172 patients with ASK (110 men; median 58.0 years) were enrolled, with a median follow-up duration of 5.0 years. During follow-up, 91 (52.9%) and 24 (14.0%) patients developed CKD stage 3 and end-stage renal disease, respectively. Multiple regression analyses showed that age (odds ratio [OR] 1.076, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.039–1.115, p < 0.001), diabetes (OR 4.401, 95% CI 1.693–11.44, p = 0.002), hyperuricemia (OR 2.733, 95% CI 1.104–6.764, p = 0.03), a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (OR 5.583, 95% CI 1.884–18.068, p = 0.002), and ASK due to renal tuberculosis (OR 8.816, 95% CI 2.92–26.62, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for developing CKD stage 3 among patients with ASK.

Conclusions
Regular follow-up of renal function is needed among adult patients with ASK. Optimal management of diabetes, hyperuricemia, and CVD may reduce their risk of CKD stage 3, especially among those that undergo unilateral nephrectomy for renal tuberculosis.
Intracranial arterial stenosis associated with Hashimoto’s disease: angiographic features and clinical outcomes
Authors: Hamano Eika , Nishimura Masaki , Mori Hisae , Satow Tetsu , Takahashi Jun C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Hashimoto’s disease has reportedly been associated with stroke; however, cerebrovascular morphology and clinical course remain poorly documented. The present study aimed to determine the angiographic features and clinical outcomes of intracranial arterial stenosis (IAS) associated with Hashimoto’s disease in a retrospective cohort.

Methods
Overall, 107 adult patients with IAS were screened for anti-thyroid antibodies; of these, 26 patients tested positive. The 42 affected hemispheres were classified into subgroups according to the steno-occlusion site and the development of abnormal collateral (moyamoya) vessels. These subgroups were dichotomized into moyamoya vessels positive (MM type) and negative (non-MM type). The initial presentation, IAS progression, and vascular events during the follow-up period were compared.

Results
The following sites of stenosis were identified: the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery in 11 (26.2%), M1 or A1 in 29 (69.0%), and more distal (M2-M4/A2-A4) in 2 (4.8%) hemispheres. Further, 17 hemispheres were categorized into the MM type and 25 were classified into the non-MM type. During the follow-up period (mean 2.5 years), IAS progression was identified in 8 (32%) hemispheres of the non-MM type and 0 (0%) hemispheres of the MM type (p = 0.041). Ischemic attacks occurred in 5 (20.0%) hemispheres of the non-MM type (4.6%/year) and 0 hemispheres of the MM type (p = 0.08). Further, 4 (23.5%) hemispheres of the MM type experienced intracerebral hemorrhage, whereas none of the non-MM type hemorrhaged (p = 0.012).

Conclusions
Hashimoto’s disease-associated IAS exhibits various angiographic morphologies, resulting in different clinical presentations. Screening for anti-thyroid antibodies and careful management based on vascular morphology appears important in adults with IAS.
Reference intervals of gestational sac, yolk sac, embryonic length, embryonic heart rate at 6–10 weeks after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer
Authors: Ouyang Yan , Qin Jiabi , Lin Ge , Xiang Shuanglin , Li Xihong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Accurately determining the normal range of early pregnancy markers can help to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes. The variance in ovulation days leads to uncertain accuracy of reference intervals for natural pregnancies. While the gestational age (GA) is accurate estimation during in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Thus, the objective of this research is to construct reference intervals for gestational sac diameter (GSD), yolk sac diameter (YSD), embryonic length (or crown–rump length, CRL) and embryonic heart rate (HR) at 6–10 gestational weeks (GW) after IVF-ET.

Methods
From January 2010 to December 2016, 30,416 eligible singleton pregnancies were retrospectively recruited. All included participants had full records of early ultrasound measurements and phenotypically normal live neonates after 37 GW, with birth weights > the 5th percentile for gestational age. The curve-fitting method was used to screen the optimal models to predict GSD, CRL, YSD and HR based on gestational days (GD) and GW. Additionally, the percentile method was used to calculate the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles.

Results
There were significant associations among GSD, CRL, YSD, HR and GD and GW, the models were GSD = − 29.180 + 1.070 GD (coefficient of determination [R2] = 0.796), CRL = − 11.960 - 0.147 GD + 0.011 GD2 (R2 = 0.976), YSD = − 2.304 + 0.184 GD - 0.011 GD2 (R2 = 0.500), HR = − 350.410 + 15.398 GD - 0.112 GD2 (R2 = 0.911); and GSD = − 29.180 + 7.492 GW (R2 = 0.796), CRL = − 11.960 - 1.028 GW + 0.535 GW2 (R2 = 0.976), YSD = − 2.304 + 1.288 GW - 0.054 GW2 (R2 = 0.500), HR = − 350.410 + 107.788 GW - 5.488 GW2 (R2 = 0.911), (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Reference intervals for GSD, YSD, HR and CRL at 6–10 gestational weeks after IVF-ET were established.
Factors associated with low birth weight at term: a population-based linkage study of the 100 million Brazilian cohort
Authors: Falcão Ila R. , Ribeiro-Silva Rita de Cássia , de Almeida Marcia F. , Fiaccone Rosemeire L. , dos S. Rocha Aline , Ortelan Naiá , Silva Natanael J. , Paixao Enny S. , Ichihara Maria Yury , Rodrigues Laura C. , Barreto Mauricio L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Factors associated with low birth weight at term (TLBW), a proxy for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), are not well-elucidated in socioeconomically vulnerable populations. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with TLBW in impoverished Brazilian women.

Methods
Records in the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort database were linked to those in the National System of Information on Live Births (SINASC) to obtain obstetric, maternal, birth and socioeconomic data between 2001 and 2015. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate associations between variables of exposure and TLBW.

Results
Of 8,768,930 term live births analyzed, 3.7% presented TLBW. The highest odds of TLBW were associated with female newborns (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.47–1.50), whose mothers were black (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.18–1.22), had a low educational level (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.53–1.62), were aged ≥35 years (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.43–1.46), had a low number of prenatal care visits (OR: 2.48; 95% CI: 2.42–2.54) and were primiparous (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.60–1.64). Lower odds of TLBW were found among infants whose mothers lived in the North, Northeast and Center-West regions of Brazil compared to those in the South.

Conclusion
Multiple aspects were associated with TLBW, highlighting the need to comprehensively examine the mechanisms underlying these factors, especially in more vulnerable Brazilian populations, in order to contribute to the elaboration of health policies and promote better conditions of life for poor and extremely poor mothers and children.
Upregulated expression of LncRNA nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase antisense RNA 1 is correlated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in cancers
Authors: Zhang Chenghao , Ren Xiaolei , Liu Zhongyue , Tu Chao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase antisense RNA 1 (NNT-AS1) is a long non-coding RNA aberrantly expressed in human malignancies. We aimed to analyze available data to evaluate the correlation between NNT-AS1 expression and cancer prognosis.MethodsLiterature retrieval was performed by systematic searching related databases from inception to April 2, 2020. Studies regarding correlation between NNT-AS1 expression, survival outcomes and clinical characteristics of cancer patients were collected and pooled to calculate the the hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsTen studies comprising 699 patients were included, all of which were conducted in China according to literature selection criteria. Overexpression of NNT-AS1 had a significant association with unfavorable overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.84–2.36,P < 0.001). Stratified analysis showed that tumor type, sample size, follow-up months, and survival analysis approach did not change the predictive value of NNT-AS1 on OS. Furthermore, elevated NNT-AS1 level had significant association with distant metastasis (DM) (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.39–4.30), lymph node metastasis (LNM) (OR = 3.92, 95% CI: 1.35–11.41), TNM stage (OR = 4.25, 95% CI: 1.71–10.56), and vascular invasion (OR = 3.98, 95% CI: 2.06–7.71), but was not associated with age and gender. The TCGA dataset further consistently showed that the NNT-AS1 expression was associated with poor OS and disease-free survival.ConclusionsHigh expression of NNT-AS1 is associated with unfavorable survival outcomes and poor clinicopathologic characteristics. However, large-cohort data and geographical studies are still needed to further validate the prognostic value of NNT-AS1 in cancers.
Impact of integrated district level mental health care on clinical and functioning outcomes of people with depression and alcohol use disorder in Nepal: a non-randomised controlled study
Authors: Jordans M. J. D. , Garman E. C. , Luitel N. P. , Kohrt B. A. , Lund C. , Patel V. , Tomlinson M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntegration of mental health services into primary healthcare is proliferating in low-resource countries. We aimed to evaluate the impact of different compositions of primary care mental health services for depression and alcohol use disorder (AUD), when compared to usual primary care services.MethodsWe conducted a non-randomized controlled study in rural Nepal. We compared treatment outcomes among patients screening positive and receiving: (a) primary care mental health services without a psychological treatment component (TG); (b) the same services including a psychological treatment (TG + P); and (c) primary care treatment as usual (TAU). Primary outcomes included change in depression and AUD symptoms, as well as disability. Disability was measured using the 12-item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule. Symptom severity was assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire for depression, the 10-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for AUD. We used negative binomial regression models for the analysis.ResultsFor depression, when combining both treatment groups (TG,n = 77 and TG + P,n = 60) compared to TAU (n = 72), there were no significant improvements. When only comparing the psychological treatment group (TG + P) with TAU, there were significant improvements for symptoms and disability (aβ = − 2.64; 95%CI − 4.55 to − 0.74,p = 0.007; aβ = − 12.20; 95%CI − 19.79 to − 4.62;p = 0.002, respectively). For AUD, when combining both treatment groups (TG,n = 92 and TG + P,n = 80) compared to TAU (n = 57), there were significant improvements in AUD symptoms and disability (aβ = − 15.13; 95%CI − 18.63 to − 11.63,p < 0.001; aβ = − 9.26; 95%CI − 16.41 to − 2.12,p = 0.011; respectively). For AUD, there were no differences between TG and TG + P. Patients’ perceptions of health workers’ skills in common psychological factors were associated with improvement in depression patient outcomes (β = − 0.36; 95%CI − 0.55 to − 0.18;p < 0.001) but not for AUD patients.ConclusionPrimary care mental health services for depression may only be effective when psychological treatments are included. Health workers’ competencies as perceived by patients may be an important indicator for treatment effect. AUD treatment in primary care appears to be beneficial even without additional psychological services.
Knowledge, attitude and practice towards risky sexual behaviors among secondary and preparatory students of Metu town, south western Ethiopia
Authors: keto Terefe , Tilahun Ayele , Mamo Aklilu 
Published: September 2020

Abstracts
Background
Sexual risk behaviors are defined as sexual activities that may make an individual liable to the risk of sexually transmitted infections including Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and unplanned pregnancies. Adolescents are at high risk of developing sexual risk behavior. The rate of risky sexual behaviors and the spread of STIs continue to be increase among the adolescent population. Therefore this study aimed to assess Metu secondary and preparatory school adolescent knowledge, attitude, and practice of risky sexual behaviors.

Methods
Institution based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among Metu secondary and preparatory school students from 04 Feb 2019–07 June 2019. The study participants were selected through systematic random sampling techniques and the data was collected through self-administered questionnaires. A Total of 361 study subjects were included in the study. Data was entered in EpiData and analyzed by using SPSS version 21.

Results
Three hundred sixty one respondents participated in this study. Of those, 75.9% of them have awareness about risky sexual behaviors and about 76.5. % of them has awareness on consequences of unsafe sex. Among the total study participants, about 22.7% of them had previously practiced in sexual activity; of these 61.7% of respondents had more than one sexual partner. From the respondents who had practiced sex, 19.8% of them had always used condom during their sexual intercourse with their partners, while 58% of them never used condom during sexual intercourse.

Conclusions
Even though the majority of the students have an awareness regarding sexual risk behaviors, a considerable number of students have practiced risky sexual behaviors that might predispose them for different sexual and reproductive health problems and peer pressure was revealed as a major factor that influences the respondents towards their first sexual intercourse. Peers have greater influence on the positive and negative behavior of their friends. Therefore the school should emphasize on promoting peer educators and peer discussion to protect adolescents and youth from risky sexual behaviors.
Association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and cardiopulmonary mortality rates in South Korea
Authors: Hwang Jeongeun , Kwon Jinhee , Yi Hahn , Bae Hyun-Jin , Jang Miso , Kim Namkug 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The association between long-term exposure to air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter (PM10), and mortality by ischemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), pneumonia (PN), and chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) is unclear. We investigated whether living in an administrative district with heavy air pollution is associated with an increased risk of mortality by the diseases through an ecological study using South Korean administrative data over 19 years.

Methods
A total of 249 Si-Gun-Gus, unit of administrative districts in South Korea were studied. In each district, the daily concentrations of CO, SO2, NO2, O3, and PM10 were averaged over 19 years (2001–2018). Age-adjusted mortality rates by IHD, CVD, PN and CLRD for each district were averaged for the same study period. Multivariate beta-regression analysis was performed to estimate the associations between air pollutant concentrations and mortality rates, after adjusting for confounding factors including altitude, population density, higher education rate, smoking rate, obesity rate, and gross regional domestic product per capita. Associations were also estimated for two subgrouping schema: Capital and non-Capital areas (77:172 districts) and urban and rural areas (168:81 districts).

Results
For IHD, higher SO2 concentrations were significantly associated with a higher mortality rate, whereas other air pollutants had null associations. For CVD, SO2 and PM10 concentrations were significantly associated with a higher mortality rate. For PN, O3 concentrations had significant positive associations with a higher mortality rate, while SO2, NO2, and PM10 concentrations had significant negative associations. For CLRD, O3 concentrations were associated with an increased mortality rate, while CO, NO2, and PM10 concentrations had negative associations. In the subgroup analysis, positive associations between SO2 concentrations and IHD mortality were consistently observed in all subgroups, while other pollutant-disease pairs showed null, or mixed associations.

Conclusion
Long-term exposure to high SO2 concentration was significantly and consistently associated with a high mortality rate nationwide and in Capital and non-Capital areas, and in urban and rural areas. Associations between other air pollutants and disease-related mortalities need to be investigated in further studies.