bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR PEMBELAJARAN KETERAMPILAN BERBAHASA BERBASIS SASTRA UNTUK SISWA SD KELAS VI
Authors: Wismanto Agus 
Published: June 2020

Agar siswa mampu berkomunikasi. pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia haruslah diarahkan untuk membekali siswa terampil berkomunikasi baik secara lisan maupun tertulis. Keberhasilan pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran bahasa. ditentukan oleh beberapa faktor. di antaranya: guru, siswa, media pembelajaran/ bahan ajar, model dan metode. teknik, suasana belajar. dan teknologi pembelajaran.Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, penelitian ini akan menjelaskan bagaimana pengembangan bahan ajar ini digunakan dengan model dan metode dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia, serta menjelaskan langkah-langkah praktis penerapan model dan metode dalam pembelajaran Bahasa IndonesiaPembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dilaksanakan untuk memberikan keterampilan menyimak, berbicara, membaca dan menulis. Keempat keterampilan tersebut memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda-beda. Oleh sebab itu dalam pelaksanaan pembelajarannya, selain mengunakan bahan ajar yang sesuai juga harus menggunakan pendekatan, metode. model. teknik dan strategi yang memadai agar dapat diperoleh hasil yang optimal.Banyak pendekatan. metode. model. teknik dan strategi yang dapat dipilih sesuai dengan karakteristik dan tujuan pembelajaran. Tidak satupun model. metode. teknik. dan strategi yang paling baik. yang ada adalah kesesuaian dengan kondisi siswa. lingkungan dan materi ajar. Oleh sebab itu dalam pemilihannya dibutuhkan upaya yang cermat dan sungguh-sungguh, agar tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai secara optimal.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LANGSUNG BERBASIS BERPIKIR KRITIS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS KARANGAN ARGUMENTASI SISWA KELAS IX SMP
Authors: Danumihardja Mintarsih , Kusmana Suherli , Suharna Suma 
Published: June 2020

Kemampuan menulis karangan argumentasi merupakan suatu hal yang harus dimiliki oleh para siswa kelas IX sesuai dengan target capaian dari Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP). Akan tetapi dalam pembelajarannya, siswa merasa kesulitan untuk membuat karangan tersebut. Sehingga hal itu mendorong peneliti untuk melakukan sebuah eksperimen melalui penerapan model pembelajaran langsung (direct instruction) berbasis berpikir kritis dengan tujuan mendeskripsikan efektivitas penerapan model pembelajaran langsung berbasis kritis dalam pembelajaran menulis karangan argumentasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 1 Kadipaten, Kabupaten Majalengka.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan populasi sebanyak 377 siswa yang terdiri dari 203 siswa perempuan dan 174 siswa laki-laki yang dikelompokan ke dalam 9 kelas (rombongan belajar). Sampel dari penelitian ini berjumlah 2 kelas yang terdiri dari 1 kelas eksperimen yaitu kelas XI A dengan jumlah 32 siswa dan 1 kelas kontrol yaitu kelas IX C dengan jumlah 32 siswa.Berdasarkan pelaksanaan penelitian, peneliti menemukan keberhasilan peningkatan kualitas karangan argumentasi siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Kadipaten setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran langsung (direct instruction) berbasis berprikir kritis. Hal itu terlihat dari data hasil penelitian yang menunjukan peningkatan yang signifikan yaitu rata-rata peningkatan 15, 28 pada kelas eksperimen dengan peningkatan siswa yang tuntas belajar sebesar 91% dari 6% menjadi 97% dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol yang hanya naik rata-rata 2,56 dengan peningkatan ketuntasan belajar sebesar 13,5% dari 21,5% menjadi 35%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran langsung (direct instruction) berbasis berpikir kritis efektif diterapkan dalam pembelajaran menulis karangan argumentasi siswa SMP kelas IX.
PENERAPAN MODEL RESPON PEMBACA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN APRESIASI CERPEN DI SMA
Authors: Susilo Jimat , Anisa Aan 
Published: June 2020

Perlu kiranya diterapkan sebuah model pembelajaran apresiasi sastra untuk membantu guru dalam menumbuhkan minat dan kecintaan siswa terhadap karya sastra. Pada penelitian ini difokuskan pada pembelajaran apresiasi sastra khususnya cerpen melalui model respons pembaca (reader’s respons). Penggunaan model respons pembaca diharapkan siswa dengan leluasa memberikan tanggapan-tanggapan terhadap karya sastra yang dibacanya. Alasan pemilihan cerpen sebagai bahan ajarnya karena dalam cerpen mengandung pokok permasalahan yang diungkap oleh pengarang dalam jumlah halaman yang tidak begitu banyak. Di samping itu, dari segi kompleksitas cerita, cerpen tidak terlalu banyak menyajikan cerita-cerita yang kompleks, sekali dibaca cerita itu selesai. Objek penelitian akan dilakukan pada siswa kelas X SMA Islam Al Azhar 5 Cirebon.Ruang lingkup dalam penelitian ini adalah penggunaan model respons pembaca dalam pembelajaran apresiasi cerpen pada siswa kelas X SMA Islam Al Azhar 5 Cirebon. Hal ini dapat dirumuskan kalimat pertanyaan: (1) Bagaimanakah struktur cerpen dekade 1980-an ditinjau dari segi struktural dan sosiologi sastra? (2) Bagaimanakah peran pengajar dalam model respons pembaca? (3) Bagaimanakah keaktifan siswa pada saat bertransaksi dengan cerpen dalam model respons pembaca?Sesuai dengan rumusan masalah yang telah dimunculkan, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Mendeskripsikan struktur cerpen-cerpen dekade 1980-an dan ditinjau dari segi sosiologi sastra. (2) Mendeskripsikan peran guru dalam pembelajaran apresiasi cerpen melalui model respons pembaca. (3) Memperoleh gambaran keaktifan siswa dalam bertransaksi dengan cerpen melalui model respons pembaca.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksploratif . Metode ini tidak hanya berfokus pada bagaimana mentransfer ilmu pengetahuan, pemahaman, dan interpretasi, tetapi harus diimbangi dengan peningkatan mutu materi ajar. Pembahasan penilitian ini adalah mengenai penilaian cerpen berdasarkan struktur cerpen dan berdasarkan tinjauan sosiologis sastra. Kemudian peran guru dalam pembelajaran apresiasi cerpen melalui model respons pembaca adalah sangat penting. Peran guru tersebut antara lain: fasilitator, mediator dan motivator.
Morphofunctional change small intestine in patients with ulcer disease
Authors: Lityushkina M. I. , Kozlova L. S. 
Published: June 2020

The current course of diseases of the digestive system is characterized by a multi-system pathology. The long-term existence of isolated diseases of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract is impossible: the pathology of some organs of a single functional system affects the development of the pathology of other organs.Purpose. To study the features of intestinal digestion in patients with peptic ulcer.Material and methods. 152 patients with peptic ulcer who were hospitalized in the gastroenterological department of Mordovian Republican Clinical Hospital were examined in 2011–2017. The main indicators of intestinal digestion by the activity of intestinal enzymes were studied.Results. Symptoms of impaired intestinal function are observed in 47 % of patients with peptic ulcer disease. In their development, a violation of membrane hydrolytic processes, which were expressed as a decrease (p < 0.05) in the activity of the main intestinal enzymes of maltase in 74 %, alanine aminopeptidase – 73 %, alkaline phosphatase – 62 %, glycyl-L-leucindipeptidase and protein – 37 % (p < 0.01).Conclusions. With peptic ulcer, the processes of membrane intestinal digestion are disrupted, which contributes to the development of clinical symptoms of a violation of the basic functions of the small intestine.
Role of pregravid body mass and its gestational increase in development of various variants of preeclampsia
Authors: Pokusaeva K. B. , Krivenko A. S. , Katkova N. Yu. , Pokusaeva V. N. , Vakhrushin A. S. 
Published: June 2020

Aim. To evaluate the effects of maternal pre-pregnancy body weight and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) on the risk of different subtypes of preeclampsia (PE).Methods. A cohort study of 289 pregnant women: 41 with early-onset (less than 34 weeks) preeclampsia (EPE), 76 with late-onset (more than 34 weeks) preeclampsia (LPE) and 172 normotensive women (control). Associations between anthropometric indicators (pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG, fat mass in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd trimesters, on the 2–3rd day after birth) and risk of PE and its subtypes were evaluated.Results. Pre-pregnancy body weight (r = 0.36; р = 0.000) and BMI (r = 0.38; р = 0.000) moderately increased risk of PE. GWG had independent risk of developing PE (r = 0.46; р = 0.000). Women with excessive GWG had an increased risk of PE in normal BMI (RR = 2.2; р = 0.019), in overweigh (RR = 2.7; р = 0.028), in obese (ОР = 5.2; р = 0.000). The risk of developing preeclampsia increased in normal weight with GWG more than 500 g per week in the 2nd trimester (р = 0.000) and more than 400 g per week in the 3d trimester (р = 0.000), total GWG more than 16.5 kg increased risk of preeclampsia in 3.4-fold (ОР = 3.4; р = 0.001). Overweight and obesity had an increased risk of late-onset preeclampsia (RR = 4.9; р = 0.000). No association was found for early-onset preeclampsia (p > 0.050). Gestational metabolic disorders were independent risk of LPE: weekly GWG and the per cent of fat mass in normal weight pregnant women with LPE were significantly higher compared to the women with EPE and control. The per cent of fat mass in the 1st trimester in PPE (23.90 ± 4.40 %) exceeded control (20.50 ± 4.30 %; р = 0.003) and EPE (21.20 ± 3.65 %; р = 0.008) groups. Differences were aggravated during pregnancy (р < 0.050).Conclusions. Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity, excessive GWG and gain of fatty mass were an independent risk of developing PE with synergistic negative effect. Pre-pregnancy and gestational lipid dismetabolism were associated with LPE. Our results suggested that no correlation between pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG, fatty mass and risk of EPE.
Orphan receptor ROR1 for detection of minimal residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Mirolyubova Yu. V. , Timofeeva N. S. , Bart V. A. , Solovyov V. M. , Tolstopyatova E. V. , Fetisov E. S. , Strugov V. V. , Zaritsky A. Yu. , Vavilova T. V. 
Published: June 2020

Background and Aims. The detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) using multicolor flow cytometry has been widely used in clinical studies to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. The method is being improved by searching for the most sensitive and specific markers for use in panels for 6–8 color cytometers. According to published data, ROR1 shows high expression on CLL cells, and lack of expression on mature lymphocytes, which distinguishes it from other markers used to detect MRD in CLL.Aim: to determine a significance of ROR1 for detection of MRD CLL by flow cytometry in a 4-color panel.Materials and Methods. We analyzed 64 bone marrow samples of 37 patients with a verified diagnosis of CLL after the 3rd and 6th cycles of therapy according to bendamustine and rituximab (BR) regimen – 15 MRD-negative and 49 MRD-positive. Quantitative determination of MRD was carried out by the standardized method of 4-color flow cytometry according to the recommendations of ERIC (European research initiative on CLL) with the inclusion of ROR1 in the diagnostic panel. A discriminatory analysis of the differentiating properties of diagnostic markers was performed using Statistica 10.Results. ROR1 has demonstrated high differentiating properties on CLL cells and mature lymphocytes. All the analyzed samples showed a bright monomorphic expression of ROR1 on CLL cells and B-cell precursors, and the absence of its expression on mature lymphocytes.Conclusion. ROR1 is a highly specific and sensitive marker for the detection of CLL cells among mature lymphocytes. The high expression of ROR1 on normal B-cell precursors requires the use of ROR1 in combination with a marker that differentiates CLL cells from progenitor cells (CD81).
Regional Variance of the Early Use of Tolvaptan for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Inoue Reiko , Nishi Hiroshi , Inoue Daisuke , Honda Kenjiro , Nangaku Masaomi 
Published: June 2020

Background
The development and prompt dissemination of the first drug against a particular disease can contribute to improvements in national health status and medical economy end points and are assumedly affected by socioeconomic factors that have yet to be analyzed. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist, was developed to treat hyponatremia, congestive heart failure, and cirrhosis ascites, although the approved indications may differ among countries. In Japan, high-dose tolvaptan tablets were approved as the first drug for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in 2014. This study aimed to better understand the factors that influence the total number of regional prescriptions of tolvaptan for ADPKD since its launch.

Methods
The National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan Open Data was used as a national claim-based database. In each of the 47 prefectures in Japan, the total prescribed number of 30 mg tolvaptan tablets between 2015 and 2017 was examined. The parameters explaining the prescription variation among regions were then examined by correlation analysis.

Results
Prescriptions for high-dose tolvaptan increased substantially 2 years after the drug’s approval; however, the increase differed by approximately 21-fold between regions. Population density was positively associated with prescribed 30 mg tolvaptan tablets per 1000 population in 2015 (r=0.47, P<0.001). In addition, the increase in prescribed number of tablets per 1000 population was correlated with population density in 2016–2017 (r=0.30, P=0.04).

Conclusions
This macro perspective analysis revealed an urban-rural inequity in prescriptions for the newly approved drug for ADPKD. Further studies are needed to elucidate the factors affecting the geographic variation.
Monitoring Heart Rate And Temperature Based On The Internet Of Things
Authors: Rangga Adi Firmansyah  , Bambang Guruh I  , Sumber  
Published: June 2020

Monitoring and measurement of body temperature is very important to know the condition of the patient. The body temperature has associated with a number of human heartbeat, little change in body temperature can significantly affect the performance of high cardiac health problems this causes the need for health monitoring. IOT helps to move from manual heart rate monitoring system for heart rate monitoring system remotely. The purpose of this study is to develop the monitoring heart rate and temperature based Internet of Things. This tool can see the dawn of the body and the value of BPM from a distance. The way the device is very simple to use cardiac leads in Lead II to obtain the value of BPM and DS18B20 temperature sensor to measure the body temperature will be displayed on Thingspeak through ESP32 module.
Correlação e concordância do escore do Frequency – Intensity - Time Index of Kasari com o volume de oxigênio máximo
Authors: Iahnke Vinícius Jacondino , Silva Aline Tito Brabosa , Neves Angela Nogueira 
Published: June 2020

Introdução: O Frequency-Intensity-Time Index of Kasari avalia a prática de exercício físico em termos de intensidade, frequência e duração, podendo o produto destes parâmetros (FIT) ser como indicador de aptidão cardiorrespiratória.
Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação e concordância do FIT com volume de oxigênio máximo VO2max em medidas direta e indireta.
Métodos: Estudo metodológico com seleção amostral do tipo não probabilística por conveniência, do qual participaram alunos do curso de Instrutores de Educação Física (CI) e membros da família militar (n=59). A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos de estimação do VO2max: protocolo de rampa, utilizando expirômetro (VO2maxrampa), aplicado na família militar; e teste de Cooper (VO2maxCooper), aplicado nos alunos. Todos responderam a mesma versão do FIT. A correlação foi estimada pelo do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e a concordância foi avaliada por meio do coeficiente de concordância (ρc) e da análise gráfica de Bland e Altman. Os softwares SPSS 15 e MedCalc foram usados.
Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 24 alunos do CI (26,5± 2,39 anos) e 35 membros da família militar (45,28 ± 10,79 anos). Houve correlação significante e fraca apenas entre FIT e VO2maxCooper. Os coeficientes de concordância do FIT foram pobres e desprezíveis entre VO2maxCooper e VO2maxrampa, respectivamente. Os gráficos Bland-Altman exibiram viés de diferença considerável, o que indica margens amplas de sub e superestimação do VO2max.
Conclusão: O Frequency-Intensity-Time Index of Kasari parece ser adequado para descrever de exercício físico praticado, mas o uso do FIT precisa ser melhor investigado.
«RIGHT ANSWER THESIS», RUSSIAN LAW AND NORMATIVE BASES OF SENTENCING
Authors: Касаткин Сергей Николаевич 
Published: June 2020

В статье автор обращается к исследованию «тезиса правильного ответа», предложенного выдающимся американским правоведом Рональдом Майлзом Дворкином (1931-2013). Р. Дворкин высказывал мысль о том, что в развитых правовых системах всегда имеется предзаданный единственно верный ответ на любой юридический вопрос. Актуальность темы исследования связана, с одной стороны, с теоретической фундаментальностью и практической ценностью воззрений американского правоведа, с другой - с их оригинальностью и провокативностью по отношению к традиционным теориям права. Новизна исследования обусловлена малой изученностью данной темы в отечественном правоведении, а равно обращением к проблеме применимости «тезиса правильного ответа» Р. Дворкина за пределами англо-американского права (что составляет основную цель работы). В статье на базе общенаучных методов фиксируются основные позиции и аргументы Р. Дворкина, связанные с «тезисом правильного ответа», изучается его применимость к российскому праву, в том числе к объяснению российского уголовного судопроизводства. Автор высказывает мнение о возможности существования в правовой системе единственно верного ответа, отмечая при этом отсутствие универсальности или необходимости такого положения дел. Подчеркивается некорректность безоговорочного применения тезиса Р. Дворкина как в качестве общего принципа или аксиомы российского права, так и в качестве более частной характеристики нормативных начал и институциональной практики назначения уголовных наказаний.
In the article, the author refers to the study of the « correct answer thesis » proposed by the prominent American jurist, Ronald Myles Dworkin (1931-2013). R. Dvorkin expressed the idea that in developed legal systems there is always a predetermined only correct answer to any legal question. The relevance of the research topic is connected, on the one hand, with the theoretical fundamental and practical value of the views of the American jurist, on the other - with their originality and provocation in relation to traditional theories of law. The novelty of the study is due to the low level of study of this topic in Russian law, as well as the appeal to the problem of the applicability of the « correct answer thesis » by R. Dvorkin outside of Anglo-American law (which is the main goal of the work). The article uses General scientific methods to fix the main positions and arguments of R. Dvorkin related to the « correct answer thesis » , and examines its applicability to Russian law, including the explanation of Russian criminal proceedings. The author expresses the opinion that the only correct answer can exist in the legal system, while noting the lack of universality or the need for such a state of affairs. The author emphasizes the incorrectness of the unconditional application of R. Dvorkin's thesis both as a General principle or axiom of Russian law, and as a more specific characteristic of the normative principles and institutional practice of assigning criminal penalties.
THE MOTIVATIONAL-VALUE SIDE OF THE PERSONALITY AS THE BASIS FOR THE IMAGE FORMATION OF EMPLOYEES OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS
Authors: Никитина Людмила Николаевна 
Published: June 2020

В настоящее время авторитет сотрудников органов внутренних дел в обществе невысок. В связи с этим существует реальная потребность в исследовании путей создания положительного образа правоохранителей. В статье уделено внимание исследованию психологических особенностей, влияющих на формирование социально одобряемого образа сотрудников полиции. В ходе исследования были использованы такие методы, как контент-анализ сообщений со средств массовой информации, сравнительный анализ наработок по изучаемой проблеме, групповые беседы, анкетирование, психодиагностическое исследование курсантов и слушателей. Важным аспектом формирования положительного имиджа сотрудников органов внутренних дел является изучение их мотивационно-ценностной сферы. Именно положительная профессиональная направленность и мотивация профессиональной деятельности будут способствовать развитию всех необходимых качеств, отображенных в профессиограмме правоохранителей. Внутренняя мотивация определяет желание самосовершенствоваться, стремление к личностному и профессиональному развитию, предполагает высокую нравственность и законопослушность, а это, в свою очередь, непосредственно отражается на внешне воспринимаемом облике стражей закона. Также на основе результатов исследования разработаны предложения по формированию положительного имиджа сотрудников полиции, касающиеся работы с кадровым потенциалом.
Currently, the public does not appreciate the image of employees of internal affairs agencies. In this regard, there is a real need to study ways of creating a positive image of law enforcement officials. The article focuses on the study of psychological features affecting the formation of a socially approved image of police officers. In the course of the study such methods as content analysis of messages from the media, a comparative analysis of developments on the problem under consideration, group conversations, questionnaires, and psychodiagnostic research of cadets and students were used. An important aspect of the formation of a positive image of employees of internal affairs agencies is the study of their motivational and semantic sphere. It is a positive professional orientation and motivation of professional activity that will contribute to the development of all the necessary qualities displayed in the law enforcement professiogram. Intrinsic motivation determines the desire for self-improvement, the desire for personal and professional development, involves high morality and law-abidingness, and this, in turn, is directly reflected in the outwardly perceived guards of the law. In addition, based on the results of the study, proposals to create a positive image of police officers regarding work with human resources were developed.
Creating a network of importance: The particular effects of self-relevance on stimulus processing
Authors: Schäfer Sarah , Wentura Dirk , Frings Christian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeveral factors guide our attention and the way we process our surroundings. In that regard, there is an ongoing debate about the way we are influenced by stimuli that have a particular self-relevance for us. Recent findings suggest that self-relevance does not always capture our attention automatically. Instead, an interpretation of the literature might be that self-relevance serves as an associative advantage facilitating the integration of relevant stimuli into the self-concept. We compared the effect of self-relevant stimuli with the effect of negative stimuli in three tasks measuring different aspects of cognitive processing. We found a first dissociation suggesting that negative valence attracts attention while self-relevance does not, a second dissociation suggesting that self-relevance influences stimulus processing beyond attention-grabbing mechanisms and in the form of an “associative glue,” while negative valence does not, and, last but not least, a third dissociation suggesting that self-relevance influences stimulus processing at a later stage than negative valence does.