bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gray Matter Structural Alterations in Chronic and Episodic Migraine: A Morphometric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Planchuelo-Gómez Álvaro , García-Azorín David , Guerrero Ángel L , Rodríguez Margarita , Aja-Fernández Santiago , de Luis-García Rodrigo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluates different parameters describing the gray matter structure to analyze differences between healthy controls, patients with episodic migraine, and patients with chronic migraine.DesignCohort study.SettingSpanish community.SubjectsFifty-two healthy controls, 57 episodic migraine patients, and 57 chronic migraine patients were included in the study and underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging acquisition.MethodsEighty-four cortical and subcortical gray matter regions were extracted, and gray matter volume, cortical curvature, thickness, and surface area values were computed (where applicable). Correlation analysis between clinical features and structural parameters was performed.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found between all three groups, generally consisting of increases in cortical curvature and decreases in gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and surface area in migraineurs with respect to healthy controls. Furthermore, differences were also found between chronic and episodic migraine. Significant correlations were found between duration of migraine history and several structural parameters.ConclusionsMigraine is associated with structural alterations in widespread gray matter regions of the brain. Moreover, the results suggest that the pattern of differences between healthy controls and episodic migraine patients is qualitatively different from that occurring between episodic and chronic migraine patients.
Validation of the OWLS, a Screening Tool for Measuring Prescription Opioid Use Disorder in Primary Care
Authors: Picco Louisa , Middleton Melissa , Bruno Raimondo , Kowalski Michala , Nielsen Suzanne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe OWLS is a screening tool for prescription opioid use disorder designed for use in primary care. This study aimed to confirm the optimal wording, scoring methods, and cutoff for the OWLS.Design and SettingCross-sectional analysis of an online sample.SubjectsParticipants comprised those with chronic noncancer pain who regularly used prescription opioids.MethodsEligible participants self-completed an online version of the OWLS prescription opioid use disorder screening tool and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Substance Abuse module. Receiver operating characteristics were calculated for three scoring methods for the OWLS, and these were compared with DSM-5 classification of any use disorder and moderate to severe opioid use disorder.ResultsAmong the sample (N = 324), utilizing scoring method (i) (i.e., positive endorsement ≥ response option “a little bit”) and a cutoff of 3 increased the percentage of correctly classified participants, with concurrent increases in specificity and decreases in false discovery rate, and false positive rate.ConclusionOWLS utilizing scoring method (i) with a cutoff of 3 was shown to be the optimal version and scoring method of this tool. This represents a time-efficient, simple scoring method, allowing for quick and accurate screening for opioid use disorder to occur.
The risk of infections in adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pego-Reigosa José María , Nicholson Lindsay , Pooley Nick , Langham Sue , Embleton Nina , Marjenberg Zoe , Barut Volkan , Desta Barnabas , Wang Xia , Langham Julia , Hammond Edward R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the magnitude of infection risk in patients with SLE and evaluate the effect of general and SLE-related factors on infection risk.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE and Embase from inception to July 2018, screening for observational studies that evaluated infection risk in patients with SLE compared with the general population/healthy controls. Outcomes of interest included overall severe infection, herpes zoster infection/reactivation, opportunistic infections, pneumonia and tuberculosis. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled risk ratios (RRs) for each type of infection. Sensitivity analysis assessed the impact of removing studies with high risk of bias.

Results
Eleven retrospective or prospective cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis: overall severe infection (n = 4), pneumonia (n = 6), tuberculosis (n = 3) and herpes zoster (n = 2). Pooled RRs for overall severe infection significantly increased for patients with SLE compared with the general population/healthy controls [RR 2.96 (95% CI 1.28, 6.83)]. Pooled RRs for pneumonia, herpes zoster and tuberculosis showed significantly increased risk compared with the general population/healthy controls [RR 2.58 (1.80, 3.70), 2.50 (2.36, 2.65) and 6.11 (3.61, 10.33), respectively]. Heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias were present for all analyses, except herpes zoster. Sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness of the results.

Conclusion
Patients with SLE have significantly higher risk of infection compared with the general population/healthy controls. Efforts to strengthen strategies aimed at preventing infections in SLE are needed.

Protocol registration
PROSPERO number: CRD42018109425.
Assessing outcomes in a lupus nephritis cohort over a 40-year period
Authors: Gisca Eugeniu , Duarte Leila , Farinha Filipa , Isenberg David A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To characterize a LN cohort over 40 years, assessing its evolution, analysing two major outcomes: the development of end-stage renal disease and mortality rates in the first 5 years after LN diagnosis.

Methods
An observational retrospective study of patients with LN, followed up from 1975 at University College Hospital. Patients were divided into four groups, depending on the decade of LN diagnosis: 1975–1985 (D1), 1986–1995 (D2), 1996–2005 (D3) and 2006–2015 (D4). Comparison between groups was performed with respect to demographic, clinical, serological and histological characteristics and outcome.

Results
Two hundred and nineteen patients with LN were studied. There was a change in ethnic distribution, with a decreasing proportion of Caucasians (58.6% in D1 to 31.3% in D4, P = 0.018) and increase in African-ancestry (17.2% in D1 to 39.6% in D4, P = 0.040). Serological and histological patterns changed throughout time, with a reduction in class IV nephritis (51.7% in D1 to 27.1% in D4, P = 0.035), and increase in class II nephritis (10% in D2 to 18.8% in D4, P = 0.01) and anti-extractable nuclear antigen antibody positivity (17.2% in D1 to 83.3% in D4, P = 0.0001). The 5-year mortality rates decreased from D1 (24.1%) to D2 (4%), stabilizing for the next 30 years. The 5-year progression to end-stage renal disease remained stable over the decades.

Conclusion
Despite the changes in treatment of LN in the past 20 years, we have reached a plateau in 5-year mortality and progression to end-stage renal disease rates, suggesting that new therapeutic and management approaches, and strategies to enhance adherence, are needed to improve outcomes further in LN patients.
Temporal artery compression sonography for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis in elderly patients with acute ocular arterial occlusions
Authors: Czihal Michael , Köhler Anton , Lottspeich Christian , Prearo Ilaria , Hoffmann Ulrich , Schulze-Koops Hendrik , Priglinger Siegfried G , Mackert Marc J , Dechant Claudia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To validate cut-off values of quantitative high-resolution temporal artery compression sonography (TCS) for the diagnosis of cranial GCA (cGCA) in patients with acute arterial ocular occlusions and in an independent control group.

Methods
Consecutive patients who underwent TCS as part of the diagnostic workup of acute arterial ocular occlusions and controls not suffering from ocular ischaemia/systemic vasculitis were included. The diagnostic accuracy of the established TCS cut-off value of maximum temporal artery wall thickness (≥0.7 mm) and a novel numeric TCS score incorporating the degree of wall thickening in the four temporal artery segments assessed (0–3 points per segment) was tested by receiver operating characteristics analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed for female and male patients and patients older and younger than age of 70 years.

Results
Of 114 patients with acute ocular arterial occlusions, 30 patients received a final clinical diagnosis of cGCA. The sensitivity and specificity of the ≥0.7 mm TCS cut-off for the diagnosis of cGCA were 100 and 84.5% in the overall cohort. The TCS score did not improve the diagnostic yield (cut-off ≥5; sensitivity 100%, specificity 85.7%). In male patients &gt;70 years of age, the specificity of TCS was limited, secondary to age- and sex-related differences in temporal artery wall thickness, which we confirmed in the independent control group.

Conclusion
TCS yields high diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of cGCA in patients with acute ocular arterial occlusions. Age- and sex-related differences in temporal artery wall thickness influence the diagnostic accuracy of TCS.
Genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus influences disease phenotype of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ceccarelli Fulvia , Lo Presti Alessandra , Olivieri Giulio , Angeletti Silvia , Perricone Carlo , Garufi Cristina , Iaiani Giancarlo , De Florio Lucia , Antonelli Francesca , De Cesaris Marina , Giordano Alessandra , Amori Luigino , Spinelli Francesca Romana , Alessandri Cristiano , Valesini Guido , Ciccozzi Massimo , Conti Fabrizio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
We investigated the genetic diversity, molecular epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) isolated from SLE patients by means of phylogenetic analysis.

Methods
Consecutive SLE patients (ACR 1997 criteria) were enrolled: clinical/laboratory data were collected and nasal swab for SA identification was performed. On the basis of the translation elongation factor (tuf) gene, a phylogenetic analysis was performed to investigate relationships and to assess significant clades. Selective pressure analysis was used to investigate the evolution of the SA tuf gene. The gene sequences from non-SLE individuals, downloaded from the GenBank database, were compared through phylogenetic analysis with the tuf gene from SLE patients.

Results
We enrolled 118 patients [M/F 10/108; median (interquartile range (IQR)) age 45.5 (13.2) years; median (IQR) disease duration 120 (144) months]. Twenty-four patients (20.3%) were SA carriers (SA+), three of them MRSA. SA+ SLE showed significantly higher SLEDAI-2k values [SA+: median (IQR) 2 (3.75); SA−: 0 (2); P = 0.04]. The phylogenetic analysis, restricted to 21 non-MRSA SA+, revealed a statistically supported larger clade (A, n = 17) and a smaller one (B, n = 4). Patients located in clade A showed a significantly higher prevalence of joint involvement (88.2%) in comparison with clade B (50.0%, P &lt; 0.0001) and SA− (62.7%, P &lt; 0.0001). Haematological manifestations were significantly more frequent in clade A (64.7%) compared with B (50.0%, P = 0.004).

Conclusion
We suggest a possible role of SA nasal carriage status in SLE disease activity. Moreover, our findings support the hypothesis that bacterial genetic variants may be associated with specific disease features.
Resting-state functional connectivity of neural circuits associated with primary and secondary rewards in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Shi Jing , Guo Hua , Liu Sijia , Xue Wei , Fan Fengmei , Fan Hongzhen , An Huimei , Wang Zhiren , Tan Shuping , Yang Fude , Tan Yunlong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe used resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) to evaluate the integrity of the neural circuits associated with primary and secondary rewards in bipolar disorder (BD) with different mood phases.MethodsSixty patients with BD [21 patients with depressive episode of BD (BDD) and 41 patients with maniac episode of BD (BDM)] and 42 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. rsFC was assessed using region of interest-wise analyses.ResultsAttenuation of rsFC at the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the left ventral striatum (LVS) was observed in the secondary reward circuit of patients with BD compared to that of HCs. Among BDD, BDM and HCs, the rsFC between OFC and LVS in BDM was intermediate, while the rsFC between OFC and right ventral striatum/right amygdala in BDM was the highest; the corresponding rsFC values in BDD were the lowest. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between rsFC and Young Mania Rating Scale scores in BDM.ConclusionsThis study suggests that there may be an abnormal rsFC between OFC and LVS in the second reward of patients with BD and the discrepant patterns of rsFC may exist between different mood states in patients with BD.
Comparative Effectiveness of Antipsychotics for Risk of Attempted or Completed Suicide Among Persons With Schizophrenia
Authors: Taipale Heidi , Lähteenvuo Markku , Tanskanen Antti , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Tiihonen Jari 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
The objective of our study was to investigate the comparative effectiveness of antipsychotics for the risk of attempted or completed suicide among all patients with schizophrenia in Finland and Sweden.

Methods
Two nationwide register-based cohort studies were conducted, including all individuals with schizophrenia in Finland (n = 61 889) and Sweden (n=29 823). The main exposure was 10 most commonly used antipsychotic monotherapies; also, adjunctive pharmacotherapies were investigated. The main outcome measure was attempted or completed suicide, which was analyzed with within-individual models by comparing use and nonuse periods in the same individual to minimize selection bias. Sensitivity analyses included attempted suicide (hospitalization only) as an outcome.

Results
Compared with no use of antipsychotics, clozapine use was the only antipsychotic consistently associated with a decreased risk of suicidal outcomes. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for attempted or completed suicide were 0.64 (0.49–0.84) in the Finnish cohort and 0.66 (0.43–0.99) in the Swedish cohort. No other antipsychotic was associated with a reduced risk of attempted and/or completed suicide. Benzodiazepines and Z-drugs were associated with an increased risk of attempted or completed suicide (HRs: 1.29–1.30 for benzodiazepines and 1.33–1.62 for Z-drugs).

Conclusion
Clozapine was the only antipsychotic associated with decreased risk of attempted or completed suicide among patients with schizophrenia, and it should be considered as first-line treatment for high-risk patients.
Changes in Posttraumatic Cognitions Mediate the Effects of Trauma-Focused Therapy on Paranoia
Authors: van der Vleugel Berber M , Libedinsky Ilan , de Bont Paul A J M , de Roos Carlijn , van Minnen Agnes , de Jongh Ad , van der Gaag Mark , van den Berg David 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Evidence suggests that in individuals with psychosis, paranoia is reduced after trauma-focused therapy (TFT) aimed at comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Objective
To identify mediators of the effect of TFT on paranoia.

Method
In a multicenter single-blind randomized controlled trial 155 outpatients in treatment for psychosis were allocated to 8 sessions Prolonged Exposure (PE; n = 53), 8 sessions Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy (n = 55), or a waiting-list condition (WL; n = 47) for treatment of comorbid PTSD. Measures were performed on (1) paranoia (GPTS); (2) DSM-IV-TR PTSD symptom clusters (CAPS-IV; ie, intrusions, avoidance, and hyperarousal); (3) negative posttraumatic cognitions (PTCI; ie, negative self posttraumatic cognitions, negative world posttraumatic cognitions and self-blame); (4) depression (BDI-II); and (5) cognitive biases (ie, jumping to conclusion, attention to threat, belief inflexibility, and external attribution), cognitive limitations (ie, social cognition problems and subjective cognitive problems), and safety behaviors (DACOBS). Outcome in terms of symptoms of paranoia (1) and potential mediators (2–5) were evaluated at posttreatment, controlling for baseline scores.

Results
The effects of TFT on paranoia were primarily mediated by negative self and negative world posttraumatic cognitions, representing almost 70% of the total indirect effect. Safety behaviors and social cognition problems were involved in the second step mediational pathway models.

Conclusions
Targeting the cognitive dimension of PTSD in TFT in psychosis could be an effective way to influence paranoia, whereas addressing safety behaviors and social cognition problems might enhance the impact of TFT on paranoia.
Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) lectin fraction provokes reversible adverse effects on rats’ digestive tract
Authors: Pita-López Wendoline , Gomez-Garay Mery , Blanco-Labra Alejandro , Aguilera-Barreyro Araceli , Reis-de Souza Tércia C , Olvera-Ramírez Andrea , Ferriz-Martinez Roberto , García-Gasca Teresa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) lectin fraction (TBLF) exhibits differential cytotoxicity on colon cancer cells and inhibition of early tumorigenesis in the colon (50 mg/kg, three times per week, for 6 weeks). TBLF showed low toxicity with the ability to activate the immune system; however, some adverse effects are the loss in body weight gain, intestinal atrophy, and pancreatic hyperplasia. After a recovery period of 2 weeks after treatment, reversion of pancreatic hyperplasia but no recovery of intestinal atrophy was observed. As TBLF has shown anticancer effects on the colon, it is important to characterize the adverse effects and how they can be reversed. Sprague Dawley rats were administered with TBLF (50 mg/kg) for 6 weeks, three times per week, and then allowed to recover for 6 weeks post-treatment. After TBLF administration, small intestine atrophy, villus atrophy, and cryptic hyperplasia were confirmed, as well as increased intestinal mucus production, increased permeability and a decrease in the apparent ileal digestibility of crude proteins. The colon showed damage in the simple prismatic tissue and decreased crypt depth, and changes in microbiota and a decrease in the apparent fecal digestibility of crude protein were determined. Our results show that the adverse effects provoked by TBLF were partially reversed after 6 weeks of recovery post-treatment, suggesting that increasing the recovery period it could be possible to reverse all adverse effects observed.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-induced Pulmonary Carcinogenesis in Cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A1- and 1A2-Null Mice: Roles of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2
Authors: Gastelum Grady , Jiang Weiwu , Wang Lihua , Zhou Guodong , Borkar Roshan , Putluri Nagireddy , Moorthy Bhagavatula 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In 2019, lung cancer was estimated to be the leading cause of cancer deaths in humans. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to increase the risk of lung cancer. PAHs are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A subfamily, comprised of the CYP1A1 and 1A2 monooxygenases. These enzymes bioactivate PAHs into reactive metabolites that induce mutagenic DNA adducts, which can lead to cancer. Past studies have investigated the role of CYP1A1 in PAH bioactivation; however, the individual roles of each CYP1A enzyme are still unknown. In this investigation, we tested the hypothesis that mice lacking the genes for Cyp1a1 or Cyp1a2 will display altered susceptibilities to PAH-induced pulmonary carcinogenesis. Wild-type, Cyp1a1-null (Cyp1a1−/−), and Cyp1a2-null (Cyp1a2−/−) male and female mice were treated with 3-methylcholanthrene for cancer initiation and tumor formation studies. In wild-type mice, CYP1A1 and 1A2 expression was induced by 3-methylcholanthrene. Cyp1a1−/− and Cyp1a2−/− mice treated with PAHs displayed a compensatory pattern, where knocking out 1 Cyp1a gene led to increased expression of the other. Cyp1a1−/− mice were resistant to DNA adduct and tumor formation, whereas Cyp1a2−/− mice displayed increased levels of both. UALCAN analysis revealed that lung adenocarcinoma patients with high levels of CYP1A2 expression survive significantly better than patients with low/medium expression. In conclusion, Cyp1a1−/− mice were less susceptible to PAH-induced pulmonary carcinogenesis, whereas Cyp1a2−/− mice were more susceptible. In addition, high CYP1A2 expression was found to be protective for lung adenocarcinoma patients. These results support the need to develop novel CYP1A1 inhibitors to mitigate human lung cancer.
Predicting the Activation of the Androgen Receptor by Mixtures of Ligands Using Generalized Concentration Addition
Authors: Schlezinger Jennifer J , Heiger-Bernays Wendy , Webster Thomas F 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConcentration/dose addition is widely used for compounds that act by similar mechanisms. But it cannot make predictions for mixtures of full and partial agonists for effect levels above that of the least efficacious component. As partial agonists are common, we developed generalized concentration addition, which has been successfully applied to systems in which ligands compete for a single binding site. Here, we applied a pharmacodynamic model for a homodimer receptor system with 2 binding sites, the androgen receptor, that acts according to the classic homodimer activation model: Each cytoplasmic monomer protein binds ligand, undergoes a conformational change that relieves inhibition of dimerization, and binds to DNA response elements as a dimer. We generated individual dose-response data for full (dihydroxytestosterone, BMS564929) and partial (TFM-4AS-1) agonists and a competitive antagonist (MDV3100) using reporter data generated in the MDA-kb2 cell line. We used the Schild method to estimate the binding affinity of MDV3100. Data for individual compounds fit the homodimer pharmacodynamic model well. In the presence of a full agonist, the partial agonist had agonistic effects at low effect levels and antagonistic effects at high levels, as predicted by pharmacological theory. The generalized concentration addition model fits the empirical mixtures data—full/full agonist, full/partial agonist, and full agonist/antagonist—as well or better than relative potency factors or effect summation. The ability of generalized concentration addition to predict the activity of mixtures of different types of androgen receptor ligands is important as a number of environmental compounds act as partial androgen receptor agonists or antagonists.