bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of social, physical, and financial factors with diet quality among older, community-dwelling women
Authors: Shikany James M. , Manson JoAnn E. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Garcia Lorena , Lewis Cora E. , Neuhouser Marian L. , Tinker Lesley F. , Beasley Jeannette M. , Beresford Shirley A.A. , Zaslavsky Oleg , Vitolins Mara Z. , Sealy-Jefferson Shawnita , Bae Sejong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective:
This analysis examined whether specific social, physical, and financial factors were associated with diet quality among older, community-dwelling women.

Methods:
This cross-sectional analysis was conducted in a subset of 6,094 community-dwelling Women's Health Initiative participants who completed a food frequency questionnaire, administered from 2012 to 2013, and a self-administered supplemental questionnaire, administered approximately 1 year later. The supplemental questionnaire included five questions assessing social, physical, and financial factors related to eating. Diet quality was assessed with the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010; range of 0-100; higher score indicates a higher quality diet). The total HEI-2010 score was calculated by summing individual scores representing the intake of nine adequacy components (beneficial food groups) and three moderation components (food groups to limit). Associations of responses to the five questions on the supplemental questionnaire with HEI-2010 scores were examined with multiple linear regression, adjusting for relevant covariates.

Results:
Mean ± standard deviation age of participants was 78.8 ± 6.7 years. Reporting eating fewer than two meals per day, having dental or other mouth problems causing problems with eating, and not always being able to shop, cook, or feed oneself were associated with statistically significantly lower HEI-2010 scores, compared with those not reporting these issues, after multivariable adjustment: 5.37, 2.98, and 2.39 lower scores, respectively (all P values <0.0001). Reporting eating alone most of the time and not always having enough money to buy food were not associated with HEI-2010 scores.

Conclusions:
Among older, community-dwelling women, eating fewer than two meals per day, dental and other mouth problems, and diminished ability to shop for food, prepare meals, and feed oneself were associated with lower diet quality. These are potential targets for interventions to improve diet quality in older women.

Video Summary:

http://links.lww.com/MENO/A561.
Androgen Suppresses Hyperosmolarity-Induced Inflammatory Mediators in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Zibandeh Noushin , Yıldız Erdost , Özer Berna , Taş Ayşe Yıldız , Sahin Afsun 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
To investigative the effects of sex steroids on hyperosmolar stress-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-6, and on the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (hCECs).

Methods:
Immortalized hCECs were cultured with keratinocyte-free medium until reaching 80% confluency with either 10−8 M dihidrotestosteron (DHT) or 10−8 M 17-β-estradiol, and then, the medium was changed to hyperosmolar for various time points. After hyperosmolar treatment, a real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to show the TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6 gene expression levels in hCECs. In addition, the treated cells were lysed, and Western blot analysis was applied for phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2). hCECs viability was measured with Annexin V/propidium iodide.

Results:
Pretreatment with 10−8 M DHT or 17-β-estradiol inhibited the high osmolarity-induced expression of TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6. The upregulation of p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-p38 with high osmolarity was inhibited partially by DHT, but 17-β-estradiol pretreatment only affected p-p38 for a short time interval. In addition, DHT increased cell viability of hCECs under hyperosmolar conditions.

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrated that DHT and 17-β-estradiol decreased the proinflammatory cytokine gene expression levels which were stimulated by high osmolarity in immortalized hCECs. The mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway is partially involved in the regulatory effects of DHT on hCECs. These findings may contribute to the etiologic role and therapeutic implications of sex steroids in certain ocular surface diseases.
Nonsurgical mouse model of endometriosis-associated pain that responds to clinically active drugs
Authors: Fattori Victor , Franklin Noah S. , Gonzalez-Cano Rafael , Peterse Daniëlle , Ghalali Aram , Madrian Erika , Verri Waldiceu A. , Andrews Nick , Woolf Clifford J. , Rogers Michael S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEndometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease that affects approximately 10% of women. Debilitating pelvic or abdominal pain is one of its major clinical features. Current animal models of endometriosis-associated pain require surgery either to implant tissue or to remove the ovaries. Moreover, existing models do not induce spontaneous pain, which is the primary symptom of patients with chronic pain, including endometriosis. A lack of models that accurately recapitulate the disease phenotype must contribute to the high failure rate of clinical trials for analgesic drugs directed at chronic pain, including those for endometriosis. We set out to establish a murine model of endometriosis-associated pain. Endometriosis was induced nonsurgically by injecting a dissociated uterine horn into a recipient mouse. The induced lesions exhibited histological features that resemble human lesions along with an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and recruitment of immune cells. We also observed the presence of calcitonin gene–related peptide–, TRPA1-, and TRPV1-expressing nerve fibers in the lesions. This model induced mechanical allodynia, spontaneous abdominal pain, and changes in thermal selection behavior that indicate discomfort. These behavioral changes were reduced by drugs used clinically for endometriosis, specifically letrozole (aromatase inhibitor) and danazol (androgen). Endometriosis also induced neuronal changes as evidenced by activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in TRPA1- and TRPV1-expressing dorsal root ganglion neurons. In conclusion, we have established a model of endometriosis-associated pain that responds to clinically active drugs and can, therefore, be used to identify novel therapies.
Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cortical spreading depression exclusively through central mechanisms
Authors: Morais Andreia , Liu Tzu-Ting , Qin Tao , Sadhegian Homa , Ay Ilknur , Yagmur Damla , Mendes da Silva Rosangela , Chung David , Simon Bruce , Guedes Rubem , Chen Shih-Pin , Wang Shuu-Jiun , Yen Jiin-Cherng , Ayata Cenk 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Experimental and clinical data strongly support vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) as a novel treatment in migraine. Vagus nerve stimulation acutely suppresses cortical spreading depression (CSD) susceptibility, an experimental model that has been used to screen for migraine therapies. However, mechanisms underlying VNS efficacy on CSD are unknown. Here, we interrogated the central and peripheral mechanisms using VNS delivered either invasively (iVNS) or noninvasively (nVNS) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Cortical spreading depression susceptibility was evaluated 40 minutes after the stimulation. iVNS elevated the electrical CSD threshold more than 2-fold and decreased KCl-induced CSD frequency by 22% when delivered to intact vagus nerve. Distal vagotomy did not alter iVNS efficacy (2-fold higher threshold and 19% lower frequency in iVNS vs sham). By contrast, proximal vagotomy completely abolished iVNS effect on CSD. Pharmacological blockade of nucleus tractus solitarius, the main relay for vagal afferents, by lidocaine or glutamate receptor antagonist CNQX also prevented CSD suppression by nVNS. Supporting a role for both norepinephrine and serotonin, CSD suppression by nVNS was inhibited by more than 50% after abrogating norepinephrinergic or serotonergic neurotransmission alone using specific neurotoxins; abrogating both completely blocked the nVNS effect. Our results suggest that VNS inhibits CSD through central afferents relaying in nucleus tractus solitarius and projecting to subcortical neuromodulatory centers providing serotonergic and norepinephrinergic innervation to the cortex.
PAC1 receptor blockade reduces central nociceptive activity: new approach for primary headache?
Authors: Hoffmann Jan , Miller Silke , Martins-Oliveira Margarida , Akerman Simon , Supronsinchai Weera , Sun Hong , Shi Licheng , Wang Judy , Zhu Dawn , Lehto Sonya , Liu Hantao , Yin Ruoyuan , Moyer Bryan D. , Xu Cen , Goadsby Peter J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP38) may play an important role in primary headaches. Preclinical evidence suggests that PACAP38 modulates trigeminal nociceptive activity mainly through PAC1receptors while clinical studies report that plasma concentrations of PACAP38 are elevated in spontaneous attacks of cluster headache and migraine and normalize after treatment with sumatriptan. Intravenous infusion of PACAP38 induces migraine-like attacks in migraineurs and cluster-like attacks in cluster headache patients. A rodent-specific PAC1receptor antibody Ab181 was developed, and its effect on nociceptive neuronal activity in the trigeminocervical complex was investigated in vivo in an electrophysiological model relevant to primary headaches. Ab181 is potent and selective at the rat PAC1receptor and provides near-maximum target coverage at 10 mg/kg for more than 48 hours. Without affecting spontaneous neuronal activity, Ab181 effectively inhibits stimulus-evoked activity in the trigeminocervical complex. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed its binding in the trigeminal ganglion and sphenopalatine ganglion but not within the central nervous system suggesting a peripheral site of action. The pharmacological approach using a specific PAC1receptor antibody could provide a novel mechanism with a potential clinical efficacy in the treatment of primary headaches.
Treatment options and results of adjuvant treatment in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) during the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin shortage
Authors: Fankhauser Christian Daniel , Teoh Jeremy Yuen-Chun , Mostafid Hugh 
Published: March 2020

Purpose of review
Given the worldwide shortage of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), we review the efficacy of alternative BCG application schedules, doses or strains and intravesical chemotherapy in patients with nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Recent findings
Modifying BCG schedules by reducing the dose is preferable to reducing the frequency of BCG that increases recurrence rates and should be avoided if possible. Changing the BCG substrain represents a reasonable option, as current evidence does not suggest different oncological outcomes with specific BCG substrains. Mitomycin C (MMC) alone is inferior to BCG with maintenance, but promising results have been demonstrated when used with chemohyperthermia and electromotive drug administration. Several other intravesical chemotherapies including Gemcitabine and Epirubicin should be used when both BCG and MMC are in short supply.

Summary
In case of BCG shortage, much will depend on the severity and length of the BCG shortage, but our review supports several solutions: First, we recommend contacting the local pharmacist or BCG supplier to consider alternative BCG strains or sterile splitting of BCG doses. In the complete absence of BCG, consideration should be given to MMC with chemohyperthermia or electromotive drug administration where available or other intravesical chemotherapy. High-risk patients should be considered for cystectomy.
Current status and future directions of the use of novel immunotherapeutic agents in bladder cancer
Authors: Lenfant Louis , Aminsharifi Alireza , Seisen Thomas , Rouprêt Morgan 
Published: March 2020

Purpose of review
To report the available information on the current status and future direction of the use of checkpoint inhibitors as novel immunotherapeutic agents in bladder cancer.

Recent findings
In the past 3 years, five immunotherapies targeting programmed cell death 1 (Pembrolizumab and Durvalumab) or programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) (Atezolizumab, nivolumab and Avelumab) pathways have been approved in second-line setting for patients who progressed during or after cisplatin-based chemotherapy. According to the most recent update, these patients should be PD-L1-positive to be eligible for immunotherapy. The use of novel checkpoint inhibitors was also very promising in other settings: Metastatic urothelial carcinoma without prior systemic treatment (IMvigor-130), as neoadjuvant treatment before radical cystectomy in patients with muscle invasive disease (PURE-01), and in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) refractory nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (KEYNOTE 057).

Summary
Ongoing trials on the role of checkpoint inhibitors in bladder cancer may change our approach to different stages of bladder cancer. For metastatic urothelial carcinoma, the role of combined immune and chemotherapy may improve survival. For localized bladder cancer, immunotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy may be associated with less toxicity and better tolerability. Finally, in the setting of a BCG-refractory or BCG-naïve nonmuscle invasive disease checkpoint inhibitors may reduce/delay the risk of progression and subsequent cystectomy.
Developments in the follow-up of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: what did we learn in the last 24 months: a critical review
Authors: Witjes J. Alfred 
Published: March 2020

Purpose of review
Patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) have a high risk of recurrent tumors, even in spite of contemporary guideline recommended therapy. Follow-up recommendations are also clear (cystoscopy with cytology and upper urinary tract imaging in high-risk patients), but frequency and duration of follow-up are well defined. However, recent developments in follow-up tools might be of interest for clinical practice.

Recent findings
Enhanced endoscopy improves detection and treatment of recurrences, and it can help in tailoring follow-up. However, it remains an invasive procedure. Most recently cystoscopy augmented with artificial intelligence has shown some promising results. Active surveillance, frequently done in prostate cancer patients, is also gaining attention in NMIBC follow-up. Finally markers are being studied and launched. Although not recommended by guidelines, and not used in clinical practice, recent studies have shown marker combinations with very high negative predictive values for (high risk) recurrences in follow-up of NMIBC patients.

Summary
New tools for follow-up such as enhanced cystoscopy and urinary markers might help to individualize follow-up, which will result in decreasing patient discomfort, workload and costs while quality of care is maintained.
The Fecal Microbiome in Infants With Biliary Atresia Associates With Bile Flow After Kasai Portoenterostomy
Authors: Tessier Mary Elizabeth M. , Cavallo Laurel , Yeh Jennifer , Harpavat Sanjiv , Hoffman Kristi L. , Petrosino Joseph F. , Shneider Benjamin L. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBackground:Biliary atresia's (BA) response to surgical Kasai portoenterostomy (KP) is uneven and dependent upon bile flow; 50% of infants require a liver transplant by 24 months. We hypothesized that the microbiome may identify and associate with outcomes in BA.Methods:Stool samples were collected from infants with cholestasis (n = 15), 8 of which with BA were followed longitudinally.16S sequencing was performed on all samples (n = 45). Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) was performed on BA pre‐KP samples (n = 8). Infants with BA, other forms of cholestasis, BA infants with very good bile flow (VGBF) and not (nVGBF) (VGBF dichotomized by TSBA <40 μmol/L by 6 months) were compared.Results:Of the 8 infants with BA, 4 infants had VGBF. Microbial richness was inversely proportional to degree of cholestasis (P = 0.046). IncreasedBifidobacteriumabundance associated with VGBF (P = 0.03) and decreased cholestasis (P < 0.01) at 1 month post‐KP. Pre‐KP, community structure differed in infants with BA versus other cholestasis. Interestingly, infants who subsequently achieved VGBF had increased diversity (P = 0.03) and different community structure at the pre‐KP time point. WGS corroboratedBifidobacterium'spre‐KP importance.Conclusions:The microbiome differs between infants with BA and other cholestasis. It additionally differs between infants with BA who have good and poor bile flow, and thus outcomes, post‐KP. These differences are seen even before KP. These data suggest that bile influences the development of the infant microbiome and that there may be possible influences of the pre‐ and post‐KP microbiome on bile flow after KP. Further larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Incidence Trends, Comorbidities, and Outcomes of Pyogenic Liver Abscess Among Children
Authors: Thavamani Aravind , Umapathi Krishna Kishore , Khatana Jasmine , Roy Aparna , Augustin Toms , Radhakrishnan Kadakkal 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Population‐based analysis of incidence, comorbid conditions, microbiological characteristics, and outcomes of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) in children.Methodology:Retrospective analysis of National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and Kids Inpatient database (KID) database from 2003 to 2014 and included patients between 1 and 20 years of age. Using ICD‐9 codes, we identified all hospitalizations with PLA and compared them with 1 : 10 age‐ and gender‐matched controls. Amebic liver abscess and Candida infections were excluded.Results:Total number of PLA admissions is 4075. The overall incidence of PLA is 13.5 per 100,000 hospitalizations, which increased by 60% between 2003 and 2014. The mean age of patients was 13.03 ± 6.1 years and were predominantly boys—61%. Of the comorbid conditions, hepatobiliary malignancy had the highest odds ratio (OR 71.8) followed by liver transplant (OR 38.4), biliary disease (OR 29.9), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (OR 5.35), other GI malignancies (OR 4.74), primary immune deficiency disorder (OR 4.13). Patients with PLA had 12 times increased odds of having associated severe sepsis. Infective endocarditis (IE) (OR 4.5), appendicitis (OR 1.8), and diverticulitis (OR 8.1) were significantly associated with PLA. Almost 39% (1575) of the PLA patients had positive culture, whereas Streptococcus (10.8%) and Staphylococcus spp (9.2%) were the most common pathogens. About 45% of PLA patients underwent percutaneous liver abscess aspiration whereas 4.1% had hepatic resection for PLA. The mortality rate of PLA was 0.8% (n = 32).Conclusions:The incidence of PLA is steadily increasing over the last decade among pediatric population in the United States. Hepatobiliary malignancy and liver transplant are the most common comorbid conditions associated with PLA.
The long-term impact on self-reported health, function and comorbidities from lower limb apophysitis: Protocol of a cross-sectional study
Authors: Krommes Kasper , Thorborg Kristian , Christensen Lasse , Hölmich Per 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLower limb apophysitis cause long-term pain, decrease in function, and can reduce or completely hinder participation in sports and physical activity. Yet, there is little knowledge on the long-term consequences for health. Our objective with this investigation is to capture self-reported health-status for all adults diagnosed with lower limb apophysitis in the period of 1977 to 2020 in Danish secondary care and compare these data with normative values for the background population. We are therefore conducting a national cross-sectional study based on data from the Danish National Patient Registry. In this protocol we describe the planned methods.
The potential role of IL-6 in monitoring severe case of coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Liu Tao , Zhang Jieying , Yang Yuhui , Ma Hong , Li Zhengyu , Zhang Jiaoyu , Cheng Ji , Zhang Xiaoyun , Zhao Yanxia , Xia Zihan , Zhang Liling , Wu Gang , Yi Jianhua 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan City, China has spreads rapidly since December, 2019. Most patients show mild symptoms, but some of them develop into severe disease. There is currently no specific medication. The purpose of this study is to explore changes of markers in peripheral blood of severe COVID-19 patients, which may be of value in disease monitoring.MethodsClinical data of patients with nonsevere and severe type COVID-19 diagnosed by laboratory test in our institution were collected. The relationship between peripheral blood cells and cytokines, clinical manifestation and outcome was analyzed.ResultsA total of 69 severe type COVID-19 patients were included. On admission, the median age of severe cases was 56-year old, with 52.17% female patient. The most common symptoms were fever (79.72%), cough (63.77%), shortness of breath (57.97%) and fatigue (50.72%). Diarrhea is less common. The most common comorbidity is hypertension. Upon admission, the proportion of bilateral pulmonary involvement and interstitial abnormalities evidenced by chest computed tomography (CT) imaging in severe cases was 60.87% and 27.54%, respectively. Compared with patients with nonsevere disease, those with severe disease showed obvious lymphocytopenia. Elevated level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin and D-dimer was found in most cases. Two patients (2.9%) needed transfer to the intensive care unit. Baseline immunological parameters and most of the inflammatory parameters were basically within the normal range. However, baseline interleukin-6 (IL-6) was significantly increased in severe type, which was closely related to the maximal body temperature during hospitalization and to CT findings. Baseline IL-6 was also significantly related to the increase of baseline level of CRP, LDH, ferritin and D-dimer. The increase of baseline IL-6 level suggests that it may positively correlate with the severity of COVID-19. Among the 30 severe type patients whose IL-6 was assessed before and after treatment, significant decrease in IL-6 and improved CT assessment was found in 25 patients after treatment. Whereas the IL-6 level was further increased in 3 cases, which was closely related to disease progression. It is suggested that IL-6 may be used as a marker for disease monitoring in severe COVID-19 patients.ConclusionsOn admission, the baseline level of IL-6, CRP, LDH and ferritin was closely related to the severity of COVID-19, and the elevated IL-6 was significantly related to the clinical manifestation of severe type patients. The decrease of IL-6 was closely related to treatment effectiveness, while the increase of IL-6 indicated disease exacerbation. Collectively, the dynamic change of IL-6 level can be used as a marker for disease monitoring in patients with severe COVID-19.
Rapid metagenomic characterization of a case of imported COVID-19 in Cambodia
Authors: Manning Jessica E. , Bohl Jennifer A. , Lay Sreyngim , Chea Sophana , Sovann Ly , Sengdoeurn Yi , Heng Seng , Vuthy Chan , Kalantar Katrina , Ahyong Vida , Tan Michelle , Sheu Jonathan , Tato Cristina M. , DeRisi Joseph L. , Baril Laurence , Duong Veasna , Dussart Philippe , Karlsson Erik A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRapid production and publication of pathogen genome sequences during emerging disease outbreaks provide crucial public health information. In resource-limited settings, especially near an outbreak epicenter, conventional deep sequencing or bioinformatics are often challenging. Here we successfully used metagenomic next generation sequencing on an iSeq100 Illumina platform paired with an open-source bioinformatics pipeline to quickly characterize Cambodia’s first case of COVID-2019.