bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β- Sitosterol and Betulonic Acid from n-Hexane Extract the Stem Bark of Tetracera indica
Authors: Muharni Muharni , Elfita Elfita , Julunar Julinar , Yohandini Heni , Oktaviani Muthia 
Published: December 2019

The Tetraceraindicahasbeen used traditionally to treat various diseases including skin medications, lower blood pressure, fever, headache, wound andgout medicine. The objective of the research was isolatedand characterizedthe β-sitosterol (1) and betulonicacid (2) fromn-hexaneextract of the stem bark of Tetraceraindica. The dry powder thestembark (550 g)wasmaceration with n-hexane for 24 hrs.Thisextraction process was repeated three times. The n-hexane extract was separated and purified by chromatographytechnique. The structure of isolatedcompound wasdetermined by spectroscopy data UV, IR, NMR and compared with reported data. Two compounds have been isolated and base on spectroscopy data thecompounds is β-sitosterol (1) andbetulonic acid (2). Betulonic acid is being reported for the first time from T.indica,meanwhile theβ-sitosterolpreviously reported from MeOHextractof leaves of T. indicabut is being reported for the first time from the stembarkof T.indica.
PELANGGARAN PRINSIP KERJA SAMA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMK BATIK 1 SURAKARTA
Authors: Aprilliani Fasha Nabilah , Rohmadi Muhammad , Anindyarini Atikah 
Published: December 2019

<em>The purpose of this research is to explain and describe (1) a form of violation of the principle of cooperation in the interaction of learning Indonesian in SMK Batik 1 Surakarta; (2) the purpose of violating the principle of cooperation in learning Indonesian in SMK Batik 1 Surakarta; (3) the function of violating the principle of cooperation in the interaction of learning Indonesian in SMK Batik 1 Surakarta. This research is descriptive qualitative research with main data source that is recording of learning activity of Indonesia in class X Visual Communication Design and XI Marketing. Technique of data retrieval in this research use observation technique and deep interview technique. Technique of taking research subject using purposive sampling technique. The data validity test used is triangulation technique and triangulation theory. Data analysis techniques using interactive analysis techniques. Based on the results of the research, found a speech breaking a maximum of cooperation and speech principles that violate two maxims of cooperation principles, called a single maximal offense and a double maximal offense. Violation of maxim that happened not only done by teacher but also done by student. Maximum violations have 11 violation objectives. Maximum violation of the principle of cooperation done by both students and teachers have their respective functions. The function of language related to maximal violation have 7 functions.</em>
Overview of Naturally Occurring Asbestos in California and Southwestern Nevada
Authors: Bailey R. Mark 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) is being discovered in a widening array of geologic environments. The complex geology of the state of California is an excellent example of the variety of geologic environments and rock types that contain NOA. Notably, the majority of California rocks were emplaced during a continental collision of eastward-subducting oceanic and island arc terranes (Pacific and Farallon plates) with the westward continental margin of the North American plate between 65 and 150 MY BP. This collision and accompanying accretion of oceanic and island arc material from the Pacific plate onto the North American plate, as well as the thermal events caused by emplacement of the large volcanic belt that became today's Sierra Nevada mountain range, are the principal processes that produced the rocks where the majority of NOA-bearing units have been identified.
Enhancement of Aeribacillus pallidus lipase production through optimization of medium composition using Box behnken design and its application in detergents formulations
Authors: KTATA Ameni , aida karray , Mnif Ines , Sayari adel , BEZZINE Sofiane 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background : Alkaline, thermostable bacterial lipases are largely used in detergent applications, since they substitute the use of synthetic detergents which are known to cause substantial environmental problems. These enzymes based detergent are eco friendly and produce a waste water with low level of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). In the present study, we investigated a newly isolated Aeribacillus pallidus strain produces, without induction, a novel halophilous, thermo-alkaline and detergent- tolerant lipase.
Results: Considerable interest has been given to this lipase by the improvement of its catalytic activity through the optimization of the pH, the (C/N) ratio and the inoculums size, using the response surface methodology based on the Box-Behnken Design of experiments. A total of 16 experiments were conducted, and the optimized pH, (C/N) ratio and inoculums size were 10, 1 and 0.3 respectively. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test indicated that the established model was significant (p value < 0.05).
Conclusions: The optimization of the production conditions leads to 6.68-fold of increase in the catalytic activity with a maximum of 68 U/mL. All in all, the lipase of Aeribacillus pallidus could be considered as a potential candidate to be incorporated in detergent formulations since it shows a good stability towards detergents and wash performance.
Efficacy of ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block, butorphanol for single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A prospective, randomized, clinical trial
Authors: Fu Huimin , Zhong Chaochao , Gao Yongtao , Xu Xingguo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Whether rectus sheath block (RSB) combined with butorphanol can relieve incisional pain and visceral pain in patients undergoing single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) remains unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of ultrasound-guided bilateral RSB, and butorphanol for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing SILC.Methods: All 116 patients who met the criteria were randomly divided into four groups: group I, (n=29) general anaesthesia combined with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) (sufentanil 1 µg/ml); group II, (n=29) general anaesthesia combined with PCIA (butorphanol 0. 08 µg/ml); group III, (n=29) ultrasound-guided RSB (ropivacaine 100 mg) combined with PCIA (sufentanil 1 µg/ml); and group IV, (n=29) ultrasound-guided RSB (ropivacaine 100 mg) combined with PCIA (butorphanol 0.08 µg/ml). Outcomes included visual analogue scale (VAS) scores (0-10) of incisional pain (defined as superficial pain on the abdominal wall) and visceral pain (defined as deep, dull pain within the abdomen) at rest and during cough at 2,6,12 and 24 h postoperatively, the dose of butorphanol and sufentanil, the number of PCIA presses, the length of hospital stay and the incidence of postoperative adverse events.
Results: Both the rest and cough incisional pain scores were lower during the first 2 and 6 h in group Ⅲ than in group Ⅰ (P＜0.05). Similarly, scores in group Ⅳ were significantly lower than those in group II (P＜0.05). Patients in group I needed more butorphanol as a rescue analgesic for pain relief than did those in group III, and patients in group IV needed less butorphanol as a rescue analgesic for pain relief than did those in group II. From the above pairwise comparisons, it is clear that groups III and IV had lower VAS scores. The VAS scores for visceral pain were lower in group II at 2, 6 and 12 h after surgery than in group I and lower in group IV than in group Ⅲ. Overall, ultrasound-guided RSB combined with PCIA (butorphanol 0. 08 µg/ml) performed the best.
Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided RSB combined with butorphanol can provide sufficient pain treatment after SILC than can general anaesthesia combined with sufentanil.
The Effects of Olfactory Stimulation by Tree Peony Flowers on Autonomic Nervous System, Emotional States, and Brain Electrical Activity
Authors: Zhao Renlin , Zhang Gang , Guo Li-Na , Zhang Bo-Tong , Niu Li-Xin , Zhang Yan-Long 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The tree peony is an important ornamental plant with many cultivars and rich fragrances. The scents released from the flowers of various tree peony cultivars might impose different influences on psycho-physiological responses, which seem to be the gap in the present research.Methods: We investigated psycho-physiological responses of 80 students (23.9±2.25 years old) to the olfactory stimulation by the four types of tree peony fragrances, including the phenolic scent (PS), rose scent (RS), woody scent (WS), and lily of the valley scent (LVS). The present study assessed autonomic parameters such as heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) to determine the arousal levels of the autonomic nervous system. Psychological evaluation was carried out using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and semantic differential methods (SDM). Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during tree peony fragrance inhalation periods compared with control conditions.Results: The students exhibited significantly higher parasympathetic nervous activities, but significantly lower sympathetic nervous activities and heart rates after inhaling tree peony fragrances. The four kinds of tree peony fragrances induced significantly less negative and more vigorous moods, and obtained better scores in subjective evaluation, especially the rose scent. Furthermore, the analysis of EEGs showed a remarkable increase in the power of low alpha (8-10 Hz), high alpha (10-12 Hz), and theta (4-7 Hz) waves.Conclusions: Our studies demonstrated that a short olfactory stimulation with the four peony scents would be not only a promising therapeutic method for improving physiological function but also an effective psychological relaxation strategy for the participants.
Histopathological Findings of Oral and Maxillofacial Biopsies from a Sample of Yemeni Patients
Authors: Al-Wesabi Mohammed Ali , Al-Matari Salsbeel Mohammed , Jawfi Khaled Ahmed Al 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Epidemiologic studies of Oral and Maxillofacial lesions (OMLs) are rare compared with the studies of caries and periodontal diseases. It is fundamental to promote early diagnosis and provide appropriate health programs. This study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of histologically confirmed OMLs in Sana’a.Methodology: The documented records of all patients with OMLs were recovered from the biggest histopathology laboratories that provide biopsy analysis in Sana'a Yemen, for a period of six years (2013 to 2018). This multicenter retrospective study was conducted on 1376 oral and maxillofacial biopsied lesions. The clinico-pathologic data were extracted from the histopathology reports which included age, gender, nature of specimen, site of lesion, clinical appearance and histopathological diagnosis. Descriptive analysis, Chi squared test, and binary logistic regression were performed.Results: Regarding malignant lesions, the most prevalent lesions among males and females was squamous cell carcinoma; OSCC (226; 33.0% and 214; 30.9%; respectively). Followed by undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma which were five cases (0.7%) for males and 6 cases (0.9%) for females. Most of the cases (43.8%) diagnosed as OSCC were in the age group older than 40 years old. At this age group, the second most prevalent lesions were Adenocarcinoma and Adenoid cystic carcinoma (0.7% and 0.6%; respectively). The results of the regression analysis show that the site of the lesion (OR; 0.6, CI; 0.51-0.81; P= 0.00) and age of the patient (OR; 4.17, CI; 5.22-5.41; P=0.00) were the independent factors of malignancy of oral lesions.Conclusion: The present study showed high prevalence of malignant and premalignant oral mucosal lesions. The data from this study highlighted the need for dental public health intervention programs for early detection of oral cancer among Yemeni population by dental practitioners. As well as the importance of education of the general population in regards to risk factors of OMLs.
Physical activity on prescription by general practitioners in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, practice and barriers in French Guiana.
Authors: Dranebois Stephanie , Lalanne-Mistrih Marie Laure , Thelusme Liliane , Priam Rodolphe , Deungoue Sandra , Demar Magalie , Dueymes Maryvonne , sabbah nadia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND General practitioners (GPs) are the major first-line care players of the management of type 2 diabetes, in France. In addition to a well-balanced diet, physical activity (PA) appears as a necessary non-medicinal therapy in its own right. However, GPs emphasize several obstacles to its prescription, in particular due to their lack of knowledge on its practical modalities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the practices, the barriers and the factors favoring the prescription of physical activity in type 2 diabetic patients by GPs in French Guiana.METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the form of a questionnaire, designed to interview 152 French Guiana GPs, to describe their practice in prescribing physical activity (PA) in type 2 diabetic patients. RESULTS: The oral or written prescription of physical activity as a non-medicated therapeutic choice in the management of type 2 diabetes is practiced by 74% of the French Guiana GPs, on an oral mode, for most of them. However, only 37% of doctors responded to apply the content of the recommendations of the French National Authority for Health and decree, indeed only one third knew about it. GPs convinced of the interest of PA and aware of its recommendations in this area, prescribed more PA than others. The majority of physicians are interested in PA training, but only 11% are actually trained in this practice. The lack of structure adapted to the practice of PA and of awareness of the interest of PA in their patients’ metabolic pathology appeared as the main obstacles to the prescription. According to 55% of physicians surveyed, a compensation by social security of the costs related to the prescription would improve the adherence to the practice of PA.CONCLUSIONS: It appears important to develop the training of the GPs, reception facilities adapted to where to refer patients, and collaborations between the various actors within the framework of a sport-health device. In addition, therapeutic patient education (TPE) is to be developed in order to improve patient compliance and adherence to sport-health programs.
The factors associated with healthy eating behaviors among people with cardiovascular metabolic risk factors: a mixed method study
Authors: Sabzmakan Leila , Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Nikpajoh Akbar , Kamalikhah Tahereh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Healthy eating plays a vital role in the management of metabolic risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with healthy eating among people with cardiovascular metabolic risk factors. Method: This study was a mixed method research (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative phase, 50 people who had at least a metabolic risk factor and referred to the Diabetes Centers of Karaj, Iran were interviewed based on PRECEDE framework to explain the causes of following/not following healthy eating. In the quantitative phase, first, we developed a questionnaire based on the findings of the qualitative phase, and its validity and reliability was assessed. Then 450 samples completed the questionnaire in order to identify factors related to healthy eating. The qualitative data analysis was done using directed content analysis. In addition, SPSS ver.17 and AMOS ver.18 software were used to analyze the quantitative data. Results: The results of quantitative part showed only 51.07% of participants followed healthy eating behaviors. Both the findings of the quantitative and qualitative indicated that predisposing factor was the most important determinant of healthy eating behaviors. There was a significant relationship with large effect size between predisposing factor and healthy eating behaviors (β=1, P=0.001). Among predisposing factors, self-efficacy (β=0.49, P=0.001) and perceived barriers (β=- 0.33, P=0.001) were the most significant predictors. However, the findings of quantitative and qualitative phases did not confirm each other for enabling and reinforcing factors. This means in the qualitative phase, enabling factor was perceived as a deep structural determinant of healthy eating, but in the quantitative phase, reinforcing factor (β=0.67, P=0.001) was reported as a significant social predictor. Conclusion: Although personal determinants were the most dominant determinants of healthy eating behaviors, not sufficient to explain eating behaviors. Therefore, social and structural factors have to be considered for promotion of healthy eating behaviors.
The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Model 5A Self-Management Theory on Life Quality in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Azar Farbod Ebadi Fard , Solhi Mahnaz , Azadi Nemam Ali , Ziapour Arash , Lebni Javad Yoosefi , Sharma Manoj , Chaboksavar Fakhreddin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor in heart failure, arterial aneurysms, peripheral arterial disease, chronic kidney disease, stroke and myocardial infarction. Methods: This study was an experimental study. From patients with hypertension presenting to karaj Health Center, 90 patients were selected according to the eligibility criteria and were assigned randomly to two groups, the intervention group (45 patients) and the control group (45 patients). The data were collected through questionnaires. Educational intervention based on self-management theory was designed in 5A method and implemented in the intervention group. The data was collected in three times including before the intervention, 1 month after the intervention and 3 months after the educational intervention. data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical methods number, percentage, mean, standard deviation and repeated measure test. Results: The results showed that the mean score of various domains of life quality (physical domain¸ psychological domain, social domain, environmental domain) and total score of life quality in the intervention group increased significantly compared to the control group after the educational intervention. Conclusion The results of the study showed that using self-management program is effective in improving the life quality of hypertensive patients.
Preoperative short physical performance battery as predictors of prolonged hospitalization after coronary artery bypass grafting in older patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Han Peipei , Fu Liyuan , Chen XiaoYu , Yu Hairui , Hou Lin , Wang Lu , Yu Xing , Li Jing , Liu Xiangjing , Shao Bohan , Yuan Bo , Li Min , Cheng Hong , Teng Lei , Guo Mingdi , Wang Zhengqing , Chen Tienan , Liu Jianjun , Liu Yaping , Liu Zhigang , Liu Xiaocheng , Guo Qi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background The short physical performance battery (SPPB) has played an important role in establishing a linkage between body function and health. Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the SPPB summary score and its three components for screening prolonged hospitalization for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in older patient candidates. Methods This study included 188 consecutive elderly patients (aged ≥ 60 years) undergoing elective CABG surgery and all the patients were assessed for SPPB. Stepwise regression was employed to analyze the association of postoperative length of hospital stay (LOS) with SPPB. The validity of SPPB scores were assessed by ROC curves to analyze the sensitivity and specificity for identifying elderly patients with prolonged hospitalization. ResultsAlthough SPPB and three components of SPPB all were independent risk factors of prolonged hospitalization, only the SPPB summary score and the 4-meter gait speed components showed good discriminative capabilities. A SPPB summary score cutoff of 10 provided the best accuracy for identifying prolonged hospitalization. The net benefit of model 2 (Model 1 combined with SPPB cut-off score) was better than that of the model 1 that had threshold probabilities of 30%–100%. Conclusions This study provided evidence for the clinical utility of the SPPB summary score and 4MGS test for prolonged hospitalization in elderly patients undergoing CABG. These tests also showed potential as a screening test for identifying elderly patients undergoing CABG who are at risk of prolonged hospitalization mobility.
Social support and the incidence of cognitive impairment among older adults in China : Findings from the CLHLS study
Authors: Yin Shufei , Yang Quan , Xiong Jinli , Li Tian , Zhu Xinyi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective: Social support is thought to be associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in the older adults. However, the longitudinal relationship between the distinct dimensions of social support and incidence of cognitive impairment remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between social support and the incidence of cognitive impairment among the older adults in China. Method: We used longitudinal data (2005-2014) from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS, 2005-2014, mean follow-up years 5.32 ± 2.64). In total, 5930 participants (aged 81.7 ± 9.7 years, range 65-112 years, 48.9% male) were enrolled. Cognitive impairment was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Social supports included support from family (marital status; contact with children, siblings, relatives, friends and others; money received from children; children’s visit; siblings’ visit) and social community (social service, social insurance). We calculated subdistribution hazard ratios (SHR) of cognitive impairment by establishing Cox regression model, adjusting for residence, gender, age, education, participation in physical exercise, activities of daily living abilities, depressive symptoms, smoking and drinking. Results: Children’s visit and marital status were significantly associated with decreased incidence rate of cognitive impairment. However, social support from other resources did not consistently predict the incidence of cognitive impairment. Specifically, (1) participants who were married had a lower incidence rate of cognitive impairment compared to the widowed (SHR = 0.849, 95% confidence interval, 0.730-0.987, p = 0.033); (2) participants who had frequent visits from their children showed lower incidence of cognitive impairment compared to those who had not (SHR = 0.778, 95% confidence interval, 0.646-0.938, p = 0.008).Conclusion: Social support from family predicts a lower incidence of cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults.