bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-Crash Trauma Care: First-Responder Training for the Traffic Police in Makwanpur, Nepal; A Pre and Post-Intervention Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Smart Gary , Banstola Amrit , Raut Raju , Ghimire Krishna Prasad , Joshi Elisha , Joshi Sunil , Mytton Julie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe World Health Organisation has estimated Nepal's road traffic fatality rate as one of the highest in South-East Asia. Road-crashes are the 7th leading cause of mortality in Nepal, but there is currently a lack of nationwide emergency medical services. We developed, designed and evaluated the feasibility of a first responder training programme for the traffic police in Nepal.Methods39 traffic police officers in Makwanpur District participated in the study and 29 attended the 3-day first response course. A training needs assessment survey was conducted with participants prior to course design. A knowledge and confidence pre-test was followed-up by post-testing. Participants were supplied with a trauma-pack and asked to complete a report form when first-responder skills were used. Post-testing and follow-up survey were conducted at 6-months which explored experiences of applying first response skills.ResultsPre-course needs assessment showed that 97% of the participants believed that giving first-aid was their responsibility;95% had experience of transporting road-crash victims to hospital with a range of injuries. Low levels of first-aid training and a lack of standardisation were reported. Knowledge and confidence levels were low in pre-test. Post-test knowledge scores improved by 40% to 75%. Confidence levels improved post-course but were reduced at 6-months. In the 6-month study period, participants attended 303 road-crashes. 44% of the participants had used at least one first-response skill from the course; applying skills on 92 occasions, though incident report-forms were frequently not completed. ConclusionsDelivering a first-response programme for the traffic-police is feasible. Knowledge could be retained and used, and skills were in frequent demand. Barriers to providing treatment included; patient already en-route to hospital; resistance from relatives or bystanders and competing police duties. Further studies will need to reinforce the need to capture the use of incident report forms when first responder skills are applied. It is feasible practically and financially to extend the training to cover other districts/all of Nepal as a low-cost measure to combat road traffic injury in the absence of formal emergency medical services.
Finite Element Simulation Technique for Evaluation of Opening Stresses Under High Plasticity
Authors: Rashid Ans Al , Imran Ramsha , Khalid Muhammad Yasir 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The mechanical behavior of materials plays a vital role in the structural performance of designed structures. Therefore, significant resources are devoted globally towards experimental characterization of material behavior, especially for the experiments requiring particular protocols. Contrary, finite element analysis tools have made a substantial contribution to the design of structural elements, which could conserve a significant amount of resources and material wastage. Evaluation of fatigue life of materials is necessary to predict the life expectancy of the structures precisely, and opening stress levels under fatigue loading contributes towards this evaluation. Railways serve as freight and passenger carrier transportation modes. The railway axles contribute as the primary load-carrying element; therefore, the design of railway axles and the study of their mechanical behavior under repeated loading is vital. In this study, the authors present a finite element simulation technique to evaluate the opening stress levels for two structural steels subjected to low cycle fatigue. The finite element analysis (FEA) model was designed and validated following the simulation of fatigue crack propagation under high plasticity conditions. Numerical simulation results were compared with the experimental results obtained earlier through the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. To conclude, FEA could be a useful tool to predict crack closure phenomena and, ultimately, the fatigue life of components. However, researchers need to establish more sophisticated numerical tools for more precise results in case of high plasticity conditions near the crack tip.
Investigation of mechanical and micro structural properties of ST14 steel sheet joints by friction stir welding process
Authors: Afshari Mahmoud , Foroushani Hossein Norozi , Rad Ehsan Salahshour , Far Iraj Sattari , Alavi Amirhossein 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
High strength and ductility are considered as the superior features of ST14 steel, which have resulted in the extensive usage of this material in the automotive and aerospace industries. Friction stir welding (FSW) is one of the new methods of solid-state welding with preferable mechanical properties for joining steel components. In this study, the mechanical and microstructural properties of 1.5 mm thick ST14 steel sheets in FSW process are investigated. The results revealed the highest tensile strength of 305 MPa for the welded specimen at the rotational speed of 800 rpm and linear speed of 80 mm/min. In addition, higher separation rate of the tungsten carbide particles from the tool as a result of higher heat input to the piece was realized from the metallographic test with the use of sample with rotational speed of 1000 rpm and linear speed of 50 mm/min. Moreover, regarding the results of micro hardness test, an increased hardness to 115\(\pm\)1 HV in the stirred zone (SZ) was acquired in this sample. Furthermore, the presence of the tungsten carbide particles were observed in this area.
WITHDRAWN: A Comparison of International and National References to the Prevalence of Stunting in Pakistani School-age Girls
Authors: Karim Asima , Qaisar Rizwan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Epidemiology of stunting in <5 years old is well characterized, however its prevalence in adolescence is inconsistent in different geographical locations. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of stunting in schoolgirls of Punjab, Pakistan according to international and national references, to standardize references and devise strategies to combat stunting in adolescent girls of Punjab, Pakistan.Methods: In this population wide cross-sectional study, 10,050 schoolgirls aged 8-16 years from 12 different districts of northern, central and southern Punjab were analysed. Prevalence of stunting was calculated by applying Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organisation (WHO) height-for-age references and the national reference for study population. We used Cohen’s kappa statistics to analyse agreement of our data with reference values and chi square test was used as the test of trend.Results: Marked overestimation of prevalence of stunting was observed (22.72% and 17.49% according to CDC and WHO respectively) in comparison to local reference (4.94%). There was an increasing trend of prevalence of stunting with higher age according to CDC and WHO references; however, data was comparable across all the age groups when local references were applied.Conclusion: We recommend that prevalence of stunting in school-age girls should be determined by applying local height reference rather than international ones to plan health strategies and treatments in local population.
Detection of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Plasma from Patients with Solid Cancer
Authors: Vitale Silvia R. , Helmijr Jean A. , Gerritsen Marjolein , Coban Hicret , Dessel Lisanne F. van , Beije Nick , Vlugt-Daane Michelle van der , Vigneri Paolo , Sieuwerts Anieta , Dits Natasja , Royen Martin E. van , Jenster Guido , Sleijfer Stefan , Lolkema Martijn , Martens John W.M. , jansen maurice 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are actively secreted by cells into body fluids and contain nucleic acids of the cells they originate from. The goal of this study was to detect circulating tumor-derived EVs (ctEVs) by mutant mRNA transcripts (EV-RNA) in plasma of patients with solid cancers and compare the occurrence of ctEVs with circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Methods: For this purpose, blood from 20 patients and 15 healthy blood donors (HBDs) was collected in different preservation tubes (EDTA, BCT, CellSave) and processed into plasma within 24 hours from venipuncture. EVs were isolated with the ExoEasy protocol from this plasma and from conditioned medium of 6 cancer cell lines and characterized according to MISEV2018-guidelines. RNA from EVs was isolated with the ExoRNeasy protocol and evaluated for transcript expression levels of 96 genes by RT-qPCR and genotyped by digital PCR. Results: Our workflow applied on cell lines revealed a high concordance between cellular mRNA and EV-RNA in expression levels as well as variant allele frequencies for PIK3CA, KRAS and BRAF. Plasma CD9-positive EV and GAPDH EV-RNA levels were significantly different between the preservation tubes. The workflow detected only ctEVs with mutant transcripts in plasma of patients with high amounts (>20%) of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Expression profiling showed that the EVs from patients resemble more healthy donors than tumor cell lines supporting that EVs are mostly derived from healthy tissue. Conclusions: We provide a workflow for ctEV detection by spin column-based generic isolation of EVs and PCR-based measurement of gene expression and mutant transcripts in EV-RNA derived from cancer patients’ blood plasma. This workflow, however, detected tumor-specific mutations in blood less often in EV-RNA than in cfDNA.
GNA14 Stimulation of KLF7 Promotes Malignant Growth of Endometrial Cancer Through Upregulation of HAS2
Authors: Wang Jing , Teng Fei , Chai Hongxia , Zhang Caixia , Liang Xiaolei , Yang Yongxiu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Endometrial cancer (UCEC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. We previously found that G protein α subunit 14 (GNA14) was highly expressed in UCEC tissues and functioned as oncogene. Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are transcription factors and play important roles in cancer development. However, the connection between GNA14 and KLF7 in UCEC are unclear. We herein explored the role of GNA14/KLF7 in UCEC development.Methods: Clinical relevance of GNA14, KLF7 and HAS2 in UCEC was analyzed from TCGA. siRNAs were used to knock down indicated genes. Lentivirus was used to perform overexpression. mRNA and protein expression was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. CCK8, colony formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, transwell and wound healing were performed to check cell biology function in vitro. Tumor growth in nude mice was conducted to check in vivo function. RNA sequencing was used to determined dys-regulated genes.Results: We demonstrated that GNA14 upregulation of KLF7 promoted UCEC carcinogenesis through activation of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2). Firstly, GNA14 promoted the expression KLF7 in UCEC cells. GNA14 was positively correlated with KLF7 in normal and UCEC tissues based on TCGA database. Then, loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays showed that KLF7 promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle progression, and migration of UCEC cells. Apoptosis was inhibited by KLF7. KLF7 knockdown also reduced xenografted tumor growth of UCEC cells. Furthermore, RNA sequence results showed that KLF7 regulated thousands of genes, among which HAS2 was downregulated in KLF7 knockdown cells. Based on TCGA database and immunoblotting assays, KLF7 positively regulated HAS2 in UCEC cells and tissues. Lastly, knockdown of HAS2 reversed the oncogenic role of KLF7 on UCEC cell proliferation and migration.Conclusion: Taken together, we reveal that GNA14/KLF7/HAS2 signaling cascade is a novel contributor to UCEC development.
Prediction of Fatigue Crack Growth Rate in Aircraft Aluminum Alloys Using Optimized Neural Networks
Authors: Younis Hassan Bin , Kamal Khurram , Sheikh Muhammad Fahad , Hamza Amir 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In aerospace industry, Fatigue Crack Propagation pose a serious threat in designing mechanical assembly of the aircraft structures. In these structures crack growth is a problem to be handled seriously, as human life risk is concerned in addition to economic loss. Fatigue Crack Growth (FCG) Rate is the rate at which crack grows with number of cycles subjected to constant amplitude loading. Upon analyzing the curve it becomes obvious that the correlation between Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) range “DK ” with FCG rate “da/dN ” is deviating linear relationship considering region II of the curve that is also called Paris Region. Empirical formulation methods cannot deal with linearity factor satisfactorily. In contrast to the prior methods, machine learning algorithms are capable to deal with the non-linearity issue in a much better way owing to their admirable learning ability and flexible nature. In this research work Genetic Algorithm, Hill Climbing Algorithm and Simulated Annealing Algorithm based Optimized Neural Networks were utilized for prediction of FCG rate. Proposed technique was validated by testing on different aerospace aluminum alloys including 2324-T39, 7055-T7511 and 6013-T651. The least predicted MSE was 1.0559 x 10-9 achieved for aluminum alloy 6013-T651 by Simulated Annealing based optimized Neural Network. Moreover, the results demonstrate an exceptional conformity to the data conceived during experimentation process.
Insights on anaerobic digestion foaming via association between bacterial metabolism and variations in microbiota
Authors: Duan Jian-Lu , Feng Yue , Feng Li-Juan , Ma Jing-Ya , Sun Xiao-Dong , Wang Qian , Li Xiang-Yu , Xiao Fu , Xu Peng-Cheng , Tian Ru-Kang , Sun Wen-Lin , Yuan Xian-Zheng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Foaming in anaerobic digesters is considered a global concern due to significant impacts on process efficiency and operational costs. Although the importance of the organic loading rate on anaerobic foaming is now widely recognized, little is known about the key bacteria among the hundreds of species inducing foaming, especially the metabolite-microbiota correlation that influences foaming in anaerobic digesters.Results: Here, we show that the organic loading rate promotes foaming and decreases the performances of bench-scale batch digesters. Metabolomics analysis revealed distinct changes in the metabolic phenotype, including mainly short-chain fatty acids and amino acids, decreasing the surface tension and inducing foaming. Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that Clostridium clusters were the main microbes contributing to these metabolite foaming incidents.Conclusions: We provide the foaming microbes and metabolites in anaerobic digestion. Our findings elucidate the complex formation of foaming in anaerobic digestion and provide an effective early-warning for the control of foaming in full-scale digesters.
Soil Phosphorus Availability Determines the Invasion of Rhizospheric Microbial Networks and Peanut Infection by Ralstonia
Authors: Li Pengfa , Liu Ming , Li Guilong , Liu Kai , Liu Tianshun , Wu Meng , Saleem Muhammad , Li Zhongpei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background The soil disease-suppressiveness may depend on complex interactions between pathogens and microbiome in response to limiting nutrients. However, these interactions remain poorly understood. Thus, we investigated the significance of soil available phosphorus (AP) in modulating pathogen-microbiome interactions for the emergence or suppression of peanut wilt using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) approaches. Results We observed significant differences in the relative abundance of pathogenic and beneficial microbes, alpha- and beta-diversity indices between disease-conducive and -suppressive soils. The pathogenic ( Ralstonia) and beneficial ( Burkholderia and Bacillus ) taxa dominated the rhizosphere of wilted and healthy peanut plants. The rhizosphere of healthy rather than wilted plants showed significantly higher microbial biodiversity. Moreover, co-occurrences between Ralstonia and microbiome species were highly positive and negative in the disease-conducive and -suppressive soil, respectively, thus predicting facilitative ( Rudaea ) and suppressive ( Burkholderia , Enterobacter , Bacillus ) role of indigenous microbes in Ralstonia invasion in soil. Moreover, both ROC and SEM analyses revealed that Ralstonia invaded rhizospheric microbial networks and caused peanut wilt, very likely by competently utilizing soil phosphorus under copiotrophic (high AP) than oligotrophic (low AP) conditions. Conclusion Our results suggest the importance of soil phosphorus availability in altering the interactions between pathobiome and beneficial microbiome. Our study concludes that feeding soil with labile nutrients could deplete microbial biodiversity and interactions while paving the way for pathogen invasion.
Rocker Models for Reliable Detection and Typing of Short Read Sequences Carrying β-lactamases
Authors: Zhang Si-Yu , Suttner Brittany , Rodriguez-R Luis , Orellana Luis , Rowell Jessica , Webb Hattie , Williams-Newkirk Amanda , Huang Andrew , Konstantinidis Konstantinos 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Resistance genes encoding β-lactamases (BLs) confer resistance to the widely prescribed antibiotic class, β-lactams. Therefore, the prevalence of BL genes in clinical or environmental samples is important for assessing the public health risk and the spreading of these genes into pathogens. However, identification of genes encoding BLs from short read metagenomes remains challenging due to the high frequency of shared amino acid functional domains and motifs in proteins encoded by BL genes and related, non-BL gene sequences. Accordingly, divergent BL homologs can be frequently missed during similarity searches, which has important practical consequences for monitoring antibiotic resistance.Results: To address this limitation, we built ROCker models that targeted either broad classes (e.g., class A, B, C and D) or individual families (e.g., TEM) of BLs and challenged them with mock 150 bp and 250 bp read data sets of known composition. ROCker identifies most-discriminant bit score thresholds in sliding windows along the sequence of the target protein sequence and hence, can account for non-discriminative domains shared by unrelated proteins. BL ROCker models showed a 0% false positive rate (FPR), a 0% to 4% false negative rate (FNR), and a up to 50-fold higher F1 score [2*precision*recall/(precision+recall)] compared to alternative methods, such as similarity searches using BLASTx with various e-value thresholds and BL Hidden Markov Models, or specialized tools for this purpose like DeepARG, ShortBRED and AMRFinder. The ROCker models and the underlying protein sequence reference data sets and phylogenetic trees for read placement are freely available through http://enve-omics.ce.gatech.edu/data/rocker-bla.Conclusions: Our results showcased the reliable detection and typing of short read sequences carrying BLs by ROCker models. Application of these BL ROCker models on metagenomics, metatranscriptomics as well as high-throughput PCR gene amplicon data should facilitate the reliable detection and quantification of BL variants encoded by environmental or clinical isolates and microbiomes, and more accurate assessment of the associated public health risk compared to the current practice.
Treatment of Low-Strength Rubber Industry Wastewater Using a Combined Adsorbents and Membrane Technologies
Authors: Nasir Subriyer , Gaol Elsa Rama Lumban , Susanti Susi , Mediana Meta , Mataram Agung 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The discharge of liquid waste from rubber industry poses a significant threat to human beings and environment; therefore, it ought to be addressed. Meanwhile, activated sludge technologies are usually used in Indonesia by this industry to handle liquid waste and tackle discharge issues. The combined adsorbents and hybrid membrane UF/RO were proposed in this study to decrease contaminants parameter of rubber industry wastewater (RIW). Furthermore, to achieve this goal three steps of treatments were applied in the current experiment. The first step is filtration using sand filter columns containing silica sand and activated carbon. In addition, the second stage is categorized by adsorption using three types of adsorbents, namely calcium carbide residue (CCR), coal fly ash (CFA) and bentonite. The third stage is separation process using adsorbents and UF/RO. This investigation was conducted using three types of adsorbents arranged in series configuration followed by UF/RO.Results showed that combined adsorbent (CCR-CFA-bentonite) followed by UF/RO membranes increases the acidity of RIW from 4.70 to 7.28 with removal efficiency of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solid (TSS), ammonia-nitrogen (AN), and total nitrogen (TN) at 99.0, 88.1, 92.5, 89.5, and 67.5%, respectively.The currently proposed method is advantageous because it does not require a long processing time or an intensive treatment area. This is applicable in rubber industries wastewater treatment process and is therefore an alternative method to active sludge technologies. In addition, final permeate RO are potentially used as clean water for rubber factory needs.
Transcription Factor VAX1 Regulates the Regional Specification of the Subpallium through Repressing Gsx2
Authors: Wen Yan , Su Zihao , Wang Ziwu , Yang Lin , Liu Guoping , Shang Zicong , Duan Yangyang , Du Heng , Li Zhenmeiyu , You Yan , Li Xiaosu , Yang Zhengang , Zhang Zhuangzhi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Specification of the progenitors’ regional identity is a pivotal step during development of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. The molecular mechanisms underlying progenitor regionalization, however, are poorly understood. Here we showed that the transcription factors Vax1 was highly expressed in the developing subpallium. In its absence, the RNA-Seq analysis, in situ RNA hybridization, and immunofluorescence staining results showed that the cell proliferation was increased in the subpallium, but the neuronal differentiation was blocked. Moreover, the dLGE region severely expanded ventrally at the expense of the vLGE, MGE, and septum. Finally, overexpressed VAX1 in the LGE progenitors strongly inhibits Gsx2 expression. Taken together, our findings show that Vax1 is crucial for subpallium regionalization by repressing Gsx2.
Cirbp-PSD95 Axis Protects Against Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Aberrant Morphology of Hippocampal Dendritic Spines and Cognitive Deficits
Authors: Zhou Yang , Lu Huanyu , Liu Ying , Zhao Zaihua , Zhang Qian , Xue Chong , Zou Yuankang , Cao Zipeng , Luo Wenjing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) is a typical characteristic of high altitude environment and causes a spectrum of pathophysiological effects, including headaches, gliovascular dysfunction and cognitive slowing. Here, we sought to understand the mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits under HH exposure. Our results showed that HH exposure impaired cognitive function and suppressed dendritic spine density accompanied with increased neck length in both basal and apical hippocampal CA1 region neurons. The expression of PSD95, a critical synaptic scaffolding molecule, is down-regulated by hypoxia exposure and post-transcriptionally controlled by cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (Cirbp) through 3’-UTR region binding. PSD95 expressing alleviates hypoxia-induced neuron dendritic spine plasticity abnormality and memory impairment. Moreover, overexpressed Cirbp in hippocampus rescues hypoxia-induced loss of PSD95 and attenuates hypoxia-induced dendritic spine injury and cognitive outcomes. Thus, our findings reveal a novel mechanism where Cirbp-PSD-95 axis appears to play a key role in hypoxia-induced cognitive abilities impairment in brain.