bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FM14 Session 4: Outreach Action and Advocacy in the Context of IAU’s 2020-2030 Strategic Plan
Authors: Cheung Sze-leung , Waller William H. , Shibata Yukiko , Usuda-Sato Kumiko , Himmelfarb Berenice , Canas Lina , Agata Hidehiko , Gomes Nuno R. C. , Doran Rosa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSection 4 of the FM14 focus on the outreach action and advocacy in the context of IAUs 2020-2030 Strategic Plan. This paper also contains supplementary materials that point to contributed talks and poster presentations that can be found online.
A Lagrangian View of Trace Elements and Isotopes in the North Pacific
Authors: Hayes Christopher T. , Fitzsimmons Jessica N. , Jensen Laramie T. , Lanning Nathan T. , Hatta Mariko , McGee David , Boyle Edward A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOcean time‐series sites are influenced by both temporal variability, as in situ conditions change, as well as spatial variability, as water masses move across the fixed observation point. To remove the effect of spatial variability, this study made sub‐daily Lagrangian observations of trace elements and isotopes (Al, Sc, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, 232Th, and 230Th) in surface water over a 12‐day period (July–August 2015) in the North Pacific near the Hawaii Ocean Time‐series Station ALOHA. Additionally, a vertical profile in the upper 250 m was analyzed. This dataset is intercalibrated with GEOTRACES standards and provides a consistent baseline for trace element studies in the oligotrophic North Pacific. No diel changes in trace elements could be resolved, although day‐to‐day variations were resolved for some elements (Fe, Cu, and Zn), which may be related to organic matter cycling or ligand availability. Pb concentrations remained relatively constant during 1997–2015, presenting a change from previous decreases. Nutrient to trace element stoichiometric ratios were compared to those observed in phytoplankton as an indication of the extent of biological trace element utilization in this ecosystem, providing a basis for future ecological trace element studies.
Tidally Heated Convection and the Occurrence of Melting in Icy Satellites: Application to Europa
Authors: Vilella K. , Choblet G. , Tsao W.‐E. , Deschamps F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObservations of icy satellites have revealed widespread marks of cryovolcanism. Because aqueous cryomagmas are negatively buoyant, two processes are required to explain these observations: one mechanism to generate melt close enough to the surface and another one to transport this melt to the surface. Here, we investigate the generation of melting in a systematic way, using a set of 85 numerical simulations where we vary the viscosity contrast, Rayleigh number, and tidal heating rate. Applied to Europa, considering a hydrosphere composed of pure water, our simulations suggest that isolated melt pockets can be generated close to the surface (
5 km) as long as the ice layer thickness (
) remains modest (
km). However, the generation of melting becomes increasingly difficult as the amount of antifreeze compounds in the subsurface ocean increases. Furthermore, the proportion of melting increases very sharply with increasing tidal heating rate. In particular, when the tidal heating rate exceeds a threshold, an asymptotic regime is reached where the surface heat flux remains constant indicating that the tidal heat generated above this threshold is only used for melting the ice shell. In that regime, we found a direct relationship between the surface heat flux and
. Finally, we provide a new assessment of Europa's thermal state. Based on available constraints, we propose that the ice shell thickness should exceed 15 km. However,
15–35 km implies a tidal power (
2 TW) much larger than expected. An extrapolation of the trends suggested by our results indicates that a more reasonable tidal power (
1 TW) would involve
50–90 km.
A comparative study among machine learning and numerical models for simulating groundwater dynamics in the Heihe River Basin, northwestern China
Authors: Chen Chong , He Wei , Zhou Han , Xue Yaru , Zhu Mingda 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGroundwater is unique resource for agriculture, domestic use, industry and environment in the Heihe River Basin, northwestern China. Numerical models are effective approaches to simulate and analyze the groundwater dynamics under changeable conditions and have been widely used all over the world. In this paper, the groundwater dynamics of the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin was simulated using one numerical model and three machine learning algorithms (multi-layer perceptron (MLP); radial basis function network (RBF); support vector machine (SVM)). Historical groundwater levels and streamflow rates were used to calibrate/train and verify the different methods. The root mean square error and R2 were used to evaluate the accuracy of the simulation/training and verification results. The results showed that the accuracy of machine learning models was significantly better than that of numerical model in both stages. The SVM and RBF performed the best in training and verification stages, respectively. However, it should be noted that the generalization ability of numerical model is superior to the machine learning models because of the inclusion of physical mechanism. This study provides a feasible and accurate approach for simulating groundwater dynamics and a reference for model selection.
Secondary care provider attitudes towards patient generated health data from smartwatches
Authors: Alpert Jordan M. , Manini Todd , Roberts Megan , Kota Naga S. Prabhakar , Mendoza Tonatiuh V. , Solberg Laurence M. , Rashidi Parisa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWearable devices, like smartwatches, are increasingly used for tracking physical activity, community mobility, and monitoring symptoms. Data generated from smartwatches (PGHD_SW) is a form of patient-generated health data, which can benefit providers by supplying frequent temporal information about patients. The goal of this study was to understand providers’ perceptions towards PGHD_SW adoption and its integration with electronic medical records. In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 providers from internal medicine, family medicine, geriatric medicine, nursing, surgery, rehabilitation, and anesthesiology. Diffusion of Innovations was used as a framework to develop questions and guide data analysis. The constant comparative method was utilized to formulate salient themes from the interviews. Four main themes emerged: (1) PGHD_SW is perceived as a relative advantage; (2) data are viewed as compatible with current practices; (3) barriers to overcome to effectively use PGHD_SW; (4) assessments from viewing sample data. Overall, PGHD_SW was valued because it enabled access to information about patients that were traditionally unattainable. It also can initiate discussions between patients and providers. Providers consider PGHD_SW important, but data preferences varied by specialty. The successful adoption of PGHD_SW will depend on tailoring data, frequencies of reports, and visualization preferences to correspond with the demands of providers.
Igf2bp3 maintains maternal RNA stability and ensures early embryo development in zebrafish
Authors: Ren Fan , Lin Qiaohong , Gong Gaorui , Du Xian , Dan Hong , Qin Wenying , Miao Ran , Xiong Yang , Xiao Rui , Li Xiaohui , Gui Jian-Fang , Mei Jie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEarly embryogenesis relies on maternally inherited mRNAs. Although the mechanism of maternal mRNA degradation during maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) has been extensively studied in vertebrates, how the embryos maintain maternal mRNA stability remains unclear. Here, we identify Igf2bp3 as an important regulator of maternal mRNA stability in zebrafish. Depletion of maternaligf2bp3destabilizes maternal mRNAs prior to MZT and leads to severe developmental defects, including abnormal cytoskeleton organization and cell division. However, the process of oogenesis and the expression levels of maternal mRNAs in unfertilized eggs are normal in maternaligf2bp3mutants. Gene ontology analysis revealed that these functions are largely mediated by Igf2bp3-bound mRNAs. Indeed, Igf2bp3 depletion destabilizes while its overexpression enhances its targeting maternal mRNAs. Interestingly,igf2bp3overexpression in wild-type embryos also causes a developmental delay. Altogether, these findings highlight an important function of Igf2bp3 in controlling early zebrafish embryogenesis by binding and regulating the stability of maternal mRNAs.
The mechanism and role of intracellular α-ketoglutarate reduction in hepatic stellate cell activation
Authors: Zhao Jianjian , Jiang Yueping , Sun Xueguo , Liu Xishuang , Liu Fuguo , Song Mingquan , Zhang Lingyun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground: The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays a central role in liver fibrosis. α-ketoglutarate is a natural metabolite and previous studies have shown that increase in intracellular α-ketoglutarate can inhibit HSC activation. Aim: The aim of the present study is to determine the changes and role of intracellular α-ketoglutarate in HSC activation and clarify its mechanism of action. Methods: A human HSC cell line (LX-2) and the primary mouse HSC were used in the present study. We detected the changes of intracellular α-ketoglutarate levels and the expression of enzymes involved in the metabolic processes during HSC activation. We used siRNA to determine the role of intracellular α-ketoglutarate in HSC activation and elucidate the mechanism of the metabolic changes. Results: Our results demonstrated that intracellular α-ketoglutarate levels decreased with an HSC cell line and primary mouse HSC activation, as well as the expression of isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), an enzyme that catalyzes the production of α-ketoglutarate. In addition, knockdown of IDH2 efficiently promoted the activation of HSCs, which was able to be reversed by introduction of an α-ketoglutarate analogue. Furthermore, we demonstrated that α-ketoglutarate regulated HSC activation is independent of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that decrease in IDH2 expression limits the production of α-ketoglutarate during HSC activation and in turn promotes the activation of HSCs through a TGF-β1 independent pathway. The present study suggests that IDH2 and α-ketoglutarate may be potential new targets for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.
Disk of 2MASS 15491331−3539118 = GQ Lup C as seen by HST and WISE
Authors: Lazzoni C. , Gratton R. , Alcalá J. M. , Desidera S. , Frasca A. , Manara C. F. , Mesa D. , Rigliaco E. , Vigan A. , Zurlo A. 
Published: March 2020

Aims. Very recently, a second companion on a wider orbit has been discovered around GQ Lup. This is a low-mass accreting star that is partially obscured by a disk seen at high inclination. If detected, this disk may be compared to the known disk around the primary.
Methods. We detected this disk on archive HST and WISE data.
Results. The extended spectral energy distribution provided by these data confirms the presence of accretion from Hα emission and UV excess, and shows an IR excess attributable to a warm disk. In addition, we resolved the disk on the HST images. It is found to be roughly aligned with the disk of the primary. Both of them are roughly aligned with the Lupus I dust filament containing GQ Lup.
Toxicity of Atenolol and Propranolol on Rat Heart Mitochondria
Authors: Seydi Enayatollah , Tabbati Yasaman , Pourahmad Jalal 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPropranolol and atenolol are known as β receptor blocker drugs. These drugs are used to treat some heart diseases. There are controversies in the relationship between the use of beta-blocker drugs and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria as one of the most important sources of ROS are considered as one of the targets of drug-induced cardiotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of propranolol and atenolol on mitochondria isolated from the heart. To achieve this aim, several markers of mitochondrial and cellular toxicity were evaluated. The key results of this study are the increased ROS level, collapse in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release as well as disruption of respiratory chain complex II in mitochondria in isolated heart mitochondria after exposure to propranolol and atenolol. The results indicate an increase in caspase-3 activity and a decrease in the ATP level in cardiomyocytes after exposure to propranolol and atenolol. The underlying mechanisms of propranolol and atenolol induced cardiotoxicity may be associated with alterations in mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and changes in the mitochondrial membrane.
Skull-Base Inflammatory Pseudotumor Involving the Trigeminal and Facial Nerves: A Singular Presentation of a Rare Disease
Authors: Fiacchini Giacomo , Cambi Christina , Tavoni Antonio Gaetano , Bruschini Luca , Castellana Roberto , Dallan Iacopo , Berrettini Stefano 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare disease that is often misinterpreted as a lymphoma or carcinoma. It may involve different body regions but most commonly the lungs and the orbital cavity. We report the case of a patient affected by an IPT of the trigeminal and facial nerves.A 69-year-old male presented to our hospital with a right facial palsy arisen suddenly 2 days before. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head showed an abnormal mass with homogeneous enhancement involving the deep lobe of the parotid gland, the parapharyngeal space, and the infratemporal fossa, extending along the trigeminal nerve and the facial nerve. The patient was planned for multiple transnasal biopsies in the nasopharynx, the region of the foramen ovale, and the deep lobe of the parotid gland, but the results were inconclusive, with no evidence of a malignant process. We considered the possibility that the lesion could be an IPT, and the patient was treated with prednisone and cyclophosphamide. Three months after the conclusion of the treatment, an MRI showed a complete radiological response.
Association between Food Deserts and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Large Metropolitan Area
Authors: Banner Grace C. , Weaver Kingsley N. , Rushovich Tamara , York Sloane L. , Yee Lynn M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between urban food deserts and frequency and obstetric outcomes related to gestational diabetes.
Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of singleton births in Chicago from 2010 to 2014. Birth certificate data were analyzed and geomapped by census tract. Census tracts were categorized as “food deserts” according to the USDA Food Access Research Atlas. The primary outcome was frequency of gestational diabetes. Secondary outcomes were assessed among women with gestational diabetes and their neonates.
Results Of the 191,947 eligible women, 8,709 (4.5%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Those in food deserts were more likely to be younger, obese, minority race/ethnicity, and multiparous. Women in food deserts were less likely to develop gestational diabetes (3.8 vs. 4.8%, p < 0.01; adjusted odds ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.86–0.96). Women with gestational diabetes did not experience worse maternal and neonatal outcomes after controlling for potential confounders.
Conclusion In contrast to prior work, women in Chicago living within food deserts were less likely to develop gestational diabetes and did not experience poorer outcomes, suggesting environmental factors other than food access contribute to perinatal outcomes.
A Histopathological Study of Granulomatous Inflammation
Authors: Permi Harish S. , K. Jayaprakash Shetty , Padma Shetty K. , S. Teerthanath , Mathias Michelle , Y. Sunil Kumar , L. Kishan Prasad H. ,   Chandrika
Published: March 2020

AbstractGranulomatous inflammation is a distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation that is encountered in a limited number of infectious and non-infectious conditions. Recognisation of granulomatous pattern and finding the etiology in a biopsy specimen is very important for specific treatment and outcome of the disease. We aimed at finding the etiology of all granulomatous lesions on tissue biopsy sent for histopathogical examination. A study was done at K S Hegde Medical Academy of Nitte University, Mangalore from January 2009 to December 2010. All the cases which were diagnosed as granulomas on Hematoxylin and Eosin stained sections were selected. Special stains like Ziehl-Neelsen stain, Gomori's Methenamine silver, PAS, Fite Faraco were done whenever required. We encountered 275 granulomatous lesions in our study. The most common sites were skin and subcutaneous tissue, lymph nodes, bones and joints. The commonest cause of granulomas was tuberculosis, followed by leprosy, foreign body granulomas, fungal infections, rhinoscleroma, parasites, tumor granulomas and actinomycosis. The morphological features and special staining helped us to find the specific etiology of granulomas in 253 cases whereas it could not be determined in 22 cases even after special stains. Thus we conclude that histopathological examination of granulomatous lesions helped us to find the exact etiology of granulomas in 92 % of cases. The correlation of histopathology with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) serological tests and culture correlation would have helped to find the specific etiology in the remainder of cases.
Public Private Partnership as a Treatment Strategy for Tuberculosis Under Dots in Coastal South India
Authors: S. Rama Prakasha , G. Suresh , D'sa Ivor Peter , S. Shobha Shetty , S. Ganesh Kumar , Shetty Manamohan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLimited information is available regarding the functioning of DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short course) center for tuberculosis treatment under public private partnership with a medical college hospital. The present study was done to assess the various parameters related to the effectiveness of follow up treatment and its outcome in a DOTS center attached to a medical college hospital in coastal South India.Reports of patients with tuberculosis diagnosed and treated under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme at KS Hegde Medical College hospital DOTS center under Mangalore TB unit were reviewed retrospectively for the period from July 2004 to June 2011. Data was described in proportion and chi square test was applied to assess the association of cases with age group and sex. Among 60 patients serially registered under DOTS, 41 (68.33 %) cases were females and 19 (31.67%) cases were males. Maximum number of cases belonged to 15-29 years age group (20, 33.3%) and the difference observed between the categories of TB and age group was found to be significant (P<0.001). Overall 23 (38.33%), 12 (20%) and 25 (41.67%) cases received Cat-I, Cat-II and Cat-III treatment respectively. Success rate for new smear positive cases was 92.85% (13/14) and for Re-treatment smear positive cases was 88.89% (8/9). Sputum conversion rate among new smear positive cases (n= 14) at 2 months and 3 months was 85.71% and 92.86% respectively. Sputum conversion rate for Re-treatment cases (n=9) at 2 months and 3 months was 55.56% and 88.89% respectively. RNTCP is running successfully in this DOTS center with very low treatment failure rate and better outcome indicators, highlighting the importance of public private partnership of poorly functioning DOTS centers with medical colleges.
Role of Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Montenovo Martin I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignant tumor worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Despite the significant progress that has been achieved with local therapies, treatment remains limited by impaired liver function and high rate of recurrence. The purpose of the manuscript is to describe the current status of using living donor liver transplantation in patients with advanced HCC.
Randomized Controlled Trials of Headache Treatments in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bushman Elisa T. , Cozzi Gabriella , Sinkey Rachel G. , Smith Catherine H. , Varner Michael W. , Digre Kathleen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective Headaches affect 88% of reproductive-aged women. Yet data are limited addressing treatment of headache in pregnancy. While many women experience improvement in pregnancy, primary and secondary headaches can develop. Consequently, pregnancy is a time when headache diagnosis can influence maternal and fetal interventions. This study was aimed to summarize existing randomized control trials (RCTs) addressing headache treatment in pregnancy.
Study Design We searched PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and SCOPUS from January 1, 1970 through June 31, 2019. Studies were eligible if they were English-language RCTs addressing treatment of headache in pregnancy. Conference abstracts and studies investigating postpartum headache were excluded. Three authors reviewed English-language RCTs addressing treatment of antepartum headache. To be included, all authors agreed each article to meet the following criteria: predefined control group, participants underwent randomization, and treatment of headache occurred in the antepartum period. If inclusion criteria were met no exclusions were made. Our systematic review registration number was CRD42019135874.
Results A total of 193 studies were reviewed. Of the three that met inclusion criteria all were small, with follow-up designed to measure pain reduction and showed statistical significance.
Conclusion Our systematic review of RCTs evaluating treatment of headache in pregnancy revealed only three studies. This paucity of data limits treatment, puts women at risk for worsening headache disorders, and delays diagnosis placing both the mother and fetus at risk for complications.
Immunotoxin SS1P is rapidly removed by proximal tubule cells of kidney, whose damage contributes to albumin loss in urine
Authors: Liu Xui-Fen , Wei Junxia , Zhou Qi , Molitoris Bruce A. , Sandoval Ruben , Kobayashi Hisataka , Okada Ryuhei , Nagaya Tadanobu , Karim Baktiar , Butcher Donna , Pastan Ira 
Published: March 2020

Significance
This paper shows that the major pathway of degradation of immunotoxins in mice is rapid filtration through the glomerulus of the kidney and degradation by proximal tubular cells. It also shows that SS1P treatment damages proximal tubular cells and enhances loss of albumin in the urine, which can contribute to capillary leak syndrome, a major side effect of immunotoxin therapy. Because lysine administration diminishes kidney uptake of SS1P, it could also protect against SS1P-induced capillary leak syndrome.