bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Resistant Electrical and Robust Mechanical Contacts of Self‐Attachable Flexible Transparent Electrodes with Patternable Circuits
Authors: Hwang Insol , Seong Minho , Yi Hoon , Ko Hangil , Park Hyun‐Ha , Yeo Junyeob , Bae Won‐Gyu , Park Hyung Wook , Jeong Hoon Eui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFlexible, transparent, conductive electrodes are key elements of emerging flexible electronic and energy devices. Such electrodes should form an intimate physical contact with various active components of flexible devices to ensure stable, low‐resistant electrical contacts. However, contact formation techniques are based largely on conventional soldering, conductive pastes, mechanical clamping, and thin film deposition. These generally result in damaged, contaminated, bulky, and uncontrollable contact interfaces. A self‐attachable, flexible, transparent, and conductive electrode that is based on a distinctive design of regular grid patterns into which bioinspired adhesive architectures and percolating Ag nanowires are integrated is proposed. Based on this integrated design, the proposed electrode forms reliable, low‐resistant electrical contacts; strong mechanical adhesive contacts; and ultra‐clean, damage‐free contact interfaces with active device components by attaching onto the components without using additional conductive pastes, mechanical pressing, or vacuum deposition processes. The contact interfaces of the electrode and device components remain stable even when the electrode is extremely bent. Moreover, specific electronic circuits can be generated on the electrode surface by a selective deposition of Ag nanowires. This enables simple interconnections of diverse electronic components on its surface.
Interfacing Low‐Temperature Atomic Layer Deposited TiO2 Electron Transport Layers with Metal Electrodes
Authors: Tan Wanliang , Bowring Andrea R. , Babadi Aein S. , Meng Andrew C. , Tang‐Kong Robert , McGehee Michael D. , McIntyre Paul C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLow‐temperature atomic layer deposited (ALD) TiO2 is an electron transport layer that is relatively unreactive with mixed halide perovskite semiconductors. This amorphous, ALD‐grown metal oxide is typically interposed between the perovskite layer and a low work function metal electrode, prompting interest in the electronic and chemical structure of the resulting TiO2/metal interface. Here, the interfaces between TiO2 and two common metal low work function electrodes, polycrystalline thin films of silver and aluminum are studied. It is found that a Schottky barrier forms between Ag and low‐temperature ALD‐grown TiO2, consistent with the observed solar cell current–voltage characteristics, and confirmed by in situ measurement of Ag deposition‐induced core level shifts in X‐ray photoelectron spectra and barrier height extraction from temperature‐dependent current–voltage data. On the other hand, Al reacts chemically with the surface of TiO2 during its deposition. The resulting interface acts as an Ohmic contact, due to the apparent oxygen vacancy doping of the underlying ALD‐TiO2. These findings provide lessons for metal electrode selection in future halide perovskite device structures.
MACS: Rapid Aqueous Clearing System for 3D Mapping of Intact Organs
Authors: Zhu Jingtan , Yu Tingting , Li Yusha , Xu Jianyi , Qi Yisong , Yao Yingtao , Ma Yilin , Wan Peng , Chen Zhilong , Li Xiangning , Gong Hui , Luo Qingming , Zhu Dan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTissue optical clearing techniques have provided important tools for large‐volume imaging. Aqueous‐based clearing methods are known for good fluorescence preservation and scalable size maintenance, but are limited by long incubation time, insufficient clearing performance, or requirements for specialized devices. Additionally, few clearing methods are compatible with widely used lipophilic dyes while maintaining high clearing performance. Here, to address these issues, m‐xylylenediamine (MXDA) is firstly introduced into tissue clearing and used to develop a rapid, highly efficient aqueous clearing method with robust lipophilic dyes compatibility, termed MXDA‐based Aqueous Clearing System (MACS). MACS can render whole adult brains highly transparent within 2.5 days and is also applicable for other intact organs. Meanwhile, MACS possesses ideal compatibility with multiple probes, especially for lipophilic dyes. MACS achieves 3D imaging of the intact neural structures labeled by various techniques. Combining MACS with DiI labeling, MACS allows reconstruction of the detailed vascular structures of various organs and generates 3D pathology of glomeruli tufts in healthy and diabetic kidneys. Therefore, MACS provides a useful method for 3D mapping of intact tissues and is expected to facilitate morphological, physiological, and pathological studies of various organs.
A Self‐Terminated Operation Scheme for High‐Parallel and Energy‐Efficient Forming of RRAM Array
Authors: Feng Yulin , Huang Peng , Zhang Yizhou , Shen Wensheng , Xu Weijie , Xiang Yachen , Ding Xiangxiang , Zhao Yudi , Gao Bin , Wu Huaqiang , Qian He , Liu Lifeng , Liu Xiaoyan , Kang Jinfeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBy introducing a capacitor in series (CST), a self‐terminated (ST) operation scheme is proposed to achieve high‐parallel forming of resistive random access memory (RRAM) array with reduced time and energy consumption. Once the RRAM cell is switched to the low‐resistance state, the current is automatically cut off by the capacitor, which can significantly improve the parallelism and energy efficiency. The wire capacitance of interconnect (Cwire) can be utilized as CST, which means there is no addition circuit or process expense for the proposed ST scheme. After successful experimental verification of the proposed ST operation scheme in 1 kb RRAM array, the performance of 1 Gb RRAM memory is evaluated, which shows × 103 improvement in forming time (from 0.6 h to 0.84 s) and × 104 improvement in energy consumption. Moreover, by experimentally leveraging the operation scheme for array forming, the operation current is reduced in subsequent switching process without deteriorating the device reliability, which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed ST operation scheme and its potential in low power applications.
Stabilizing Reversible Oxygen Redox Chemistry in Layered Oxides for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cao Xin , Li Haifeng , Qiao Yu , Li Xiang , Jia Min , Cabana Jordi , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTriggering oxygen‐related activity is demonstrated as a promising strategy to effectively boost energy density of layered cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries. However, irreversible lattice oxygen loss will induce detrimental structure distortion, resulting in voltage decay and cycle degradation. Herein, a layered structure P2‐type Na0.66Li0.22Ru0.78O2 cathode is designed, delivering reversible oxygen‐related and Ru‐based redox chemistry simultaneously. Benefiting from the combination of strong Ru 4d‐O 2p covalency and stable Li location within the transition metal layer, reversible anionic/cationic redox chemistry is achieved successfully, which is proved by systematic bulk/surface analysis by in/ex situ spectroscopy (operando Raman and hard X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, etc.). Moreover, the robust structure and reversible phase transition evolution revealed by operando X‐ray diffraction further establish a high degree reversible (de)intercalation processes (≈150 mAh g−1, reversible capacity) and long‐term cycling (average capacity drop of 0.018%, 500 cycles).
Silicon enhances yield and nitrogen use efficiency of tropical low land rice
Authors: Mohanty Sangita , Nayak A. K. , Swain C. K. , Dhal B. , Kumar Anjani , Tripathi Rahul , Shahid M. , Lal B. , Gautam P. , Dash Goutam Kumar , Swain P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigh nitrogen (N) rate often leads to low yield of rice due to lodging and mutual shading. This study was conducted to ascertain whether silicon (Si) could enhance yield response of rice to higher N rate by enhancing rigidity of plant parts and improving photosynthesis. The effects of Si and N on crop growth, photosynthesis, N use efficiencies and yield of rice were investigated during wet season (June to November) in sub‐humid tropical region of India. An increasing trend in crop growth rate with Si at all levels of N was observed. Silicon reduced the flag leaf angle making the leaf more upright and enhanced flag leaf N content. Leaf chlorophyll concentration and single leaf photosynthesis rate were higher with Si compared to without Si at flowering stage. Both N and Si significantly affected panicle number and grain filling. Application of 200 kg SiO2 ha−1 and 100 kg N ha−1 produced the highest number of panicle per square meter, filled grain per panicle and yield. Significant yield increases ranging from 8.2–16.9% were observed with Si compared to without Si. Both N and Si treatments had significant effects on N uptake and N use efficiency. Agronomic N use efficiency and N recovery efficiency were higher with Si compared to without Si. The highest physiological N use efficiency was recorded with 200 kg SiO2 ha−1 and 80 kg N ha−1. Silicon may enhance yield response of rice to higher N rate by improving source (photosynthetic) capacity and sink (reproductive organ) strength.
Biosolids and biochar application effects on bahiagrass herbage accumulation and nutritive value
Authors: Lu Yanyan , Silveira Maria Lucia , Vendramini Joao M. B. , Erickson John E. , Li Yuncong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPastures represent the major cropping system where biosolids are recycled in Florida, yet limited information is available documenting the agronomic benefits of biosolids recycling programs. A 2‐yr experiment evaluated bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) responses to application of biosolids and inorganic fertilizer applied either alone or in combination with biochar. Our hypothesis was that biochar could alter soil N and P dynamics, thus, affecting crop nutrient use efficiency. Treatments were a factorial arrangement of four fertilizer sources (inorganic fertilizer, thermally dried Class AA biosolids, aerobically digested Class B biosolids, and anaerobically digested Class B biosolids; surface‐applied at 160 kg plant available N ha−1 yr−1) with or without biochar (applied at 1% wt basis). Bahiagrass total annual herbage accumulation was similar for biosolids and inorganic fertilizer treatments in 2017; however, inorganic fertilizer and aerobically digested Class B biosolids increased total annual herbage accumulation by as much as ∼29% relative to other sources in 2018. Biosolids and inorganic fertilizer increased bahiagrass crude protein (CP) concentration by as much as ∼22 and ∼39% in 2017 and 2018, respectively, compared to unfertilized treatment. No treatment effects were observed on in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) concentration in 2017; however, in 2018 biosolids resulted in greater IVDOM than inorganic fertilizer. Data suggested no benefit of biochar on bahiagrass responses. Bahiagrass tissue mineral concentrations in both biosolids and inorganic fertilizer treatments were generally within sufficient range for optimum plant growth. Biosolids can be a viable alternative for sustainable bahiagrass production while reducing the dependence on inorganic fertilizer.
The history of liver surgery: Achievements over the past 50 years
Authors: Kokudo Norihiro , Takemura Nobuyuki , Ito Kyoji , Mihara Fuminori 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe reviewed the progress made in the field of liver surgery over the past 50 years. The widespread use and improved outcomes of the hepatectomy were, primarily, due to pioneer surgeons who were responsible for technological advances and rapid improvements in the safety of the procedure in the last century. These advances included the hepatic functional evaluation used to determine the safety limit of liver resections, the introduction of intraoperative ultrasonography, and the development of innovative techniques such as portal vein embolization to increase the remnant liver volume. Cadaveric liver transplantation has been attempted since 1963. However, the clinical outcomes only began improving and becoming acceptable in the 1970s‐1980s due to refinements in technology and the development of new immunosuppressants. Partial liver transplantation from living donors, which was first attempted in 1988, required further technological innovation and sophisticated perioperative management plans. Moreover, these developments allowed for further overall improvements to take place in the field of liver surgery. Since the turn of the century, advances in computation and imaging technology have made it possible for safer and more elaborate surgeries to be performed. In Japan, preoperative 3‐dimensional simulation technology has been covered by health insurance since 2012 and is now widely used. An urgent need for real‐time navigation tools will develop in the future. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging was first used in 2007 and has led to the creation of a new surgical concept known as fluorescence navigation surgery. Laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery have solved the issue of large incisions, which used to be a major drawback of open liver surgery; however, further improvements are required in order to achieve the level of safety and accuracy observed during open liver resection when performing all minimally invasive procedures. In the near future, liver surgery will become more precise and less invasive due to substantial progress including the development of navigation surgery, cancer imaging, and minimally invasive surgery. This overview of the history of liver surgery over the past 50 years may provide useful insights for further innovation in the next 50 years.
Two‐Photon Absorption of Butterfly‐Shaped Carbonyl‐Bridged Twistarene
Authors: Wu Xianglong , Chen Zhihui , Chen Wangqiao , Yu Fei , Zhou Guofu , Xu Qinghua , Zhang Qichun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe single crystals of a butterfly‐shaped carbonyl‐bridged twistarene 3 were obtained by slow diffusion of methanol into its chloroform solution. The single‐crystal structure analysis indicated that 3 crystallized in a triclinic space group (P‐1). The two‐photon absorption (TPA) and nonlinear optical properties of single crystal of 3 were investigated in the range of 400 nm ∼650 nm. This is the first example of the TPA study based on single crystals made from the carbonyl‐bridged twistarene. The corresponding TPA cross‐section was found to be 3.69 GM at 800 nm.
Adaptive neuronal induction motor control with an 84‐pulse voltage source converter
Authors: Beltran‐Carbajal Francisco , Tapia‐Olvera Ruben , Valderrabano‐Gonzalez Antonio , Lopez‐Garcia Irvin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of harmonic distortion in velocity control drives for large horsepower three‐phase induction motors. A new solution alternative to considerably reduce harmonic distortion in controlled large‐capacity induction motors is introduced. An adaptive neural velocity reference trajectory tracking control scheme based on an 84‐pulse voltage source converter for large horsepower three‐phase induction motors is proposed. Desired flux modulus control is simultaneously performed. Adaptive controller parameters are adjustable online using B‐spline artificial neural networks. Variable load torque of the handled mechanical dynamic system is assumed to be uncertain. Real‐time estimations or measurements of dynamic load torque are unnecessary. Bézier curves are used for desired smooth motion planning to take a large induction motor from its starting towards an operating velocity. Moreover, motion planning is exploited for evasion of harmful mechanical oscillations as well as large peak values of voltages and currents. Closed‐loop efficient velocity profile tracking is confirmed on a 500‐hp induction motor. Comparisons with 6‐pulse and 12‐pulse conventional voltage source converters are also included to highlight the superior energy efficiency of the proposed 84‐pulse ac motor drive. A very low total harmonic distortion of the multiple‐pulse reconstructed three‐phase control voltage signals is also proved. Analytical and numerical results prove the effectiveness and efficiency of the introduced 84‐pulse adaptive neuronal dynamic tracking control strategy.
Tolerance intervals for autoregressive models, with an application to hospital waiting lists
Authors: Cheng Kedai , Young Derek S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLong waiting lists are a symbol of inefficiencies of hospital services. The dynamics of waiting lists are complex, especially when trying to understand how the lists grow due to the demand of a particular treatment relative to a hospital's capacity. Understanding the uncertainty of forecasting growth/decline of waiting lists could help hospital managers with capacity planning. We address this uncertainty through the use of statistical tolerance intervals, which are intervals that contain a specified proportion of the sampled population at a given confidence level. Tolerance intervals are available for numerous settings, however, the approaches for autoregressive models are far more limited. This article fills that gap and establishes tolerance intervals for general AR(p) models, which may also have a mean or trend component present. A rigorous development of tolerance intervals in this setting is presented. Extensive simulation studies identify that good coverage properties are achieved when the AR process is stationary and the parameters of the AR model are well within the stationarity constraints. Otherwise, a bootstrap‐based correction can be applied to improve the coverage probabilities. Finally, the method is applied to the monthly number of patients on hospital waiting lists in England.
PROTOCOL: Effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy in comparison to other psychological and pharmacological interventions for reducing depressive symptoms in women diagnosed with postpartum depression in low and middle‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Kang Harmeet Kaur , John Denny , Bisht Bandana , Kaur Manmeet , Alexis Obrey , Worsley Aaron 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPostpartum Depression (PPD) is highly prevalent among women in low and middle income countries (LMICs). World Heath Organization has recognised interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) as the first line treatment for the postpartum depression. The primary aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of IPT alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy or other psychosocial therapies for treating depressive symptoms in women with postpartum depression. The generated evidence from this review will help to inform policies in relation to the treatment of postpartum depression in LMICs.
Sandwich‐Type Polyoxometalate Mediates Cobalt Diselenide for Hydrogen Evolution in Acidic Electrolyte
Authors: Ahmad Waqar , Gao Qiang , Zhang Xiao‐Long , Tan Wen , Zhang Long , Gao Min‐Rui , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEase of tunability of the redox properties of polyoxometalates (POMs) has made this class of inorganic molecular oxides most attractive for electrocatalytic applications. However, the design of inexpensive transition‐metal oxides for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a big challenge owing to their insufficient catalytic efficiency and durability at high proton concentrations. Firm linkage of an electroactive POM on the surface of cobalt diselenide nanobelts (CoSe2−NBs) is expected to overcome the issue of stability due to their strong coordination chemistry. Subsequent synergy due to the redox active nature of stabilized POMs facilitates proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET), which could improve HER activity at higher proton concentrations. Herein, a nanocomposite of a sandwich‐type POM and CoSe2−NBs shows, as predicted, enhanced HER activity in acid with an overpotential of 187 mV at 10 mA cm−2, as well as marked long‐term electrochemical stability. This work offers a route to introduce POMs into a catalyst system to facilitate PCET for boosted electrocatalysis.
Unravelling the Mystery of Solid Solutions: A Case Study of 89Y Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Jun , Jiang Shijia , Du Yaping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIncorporating heteroatoms in functional materials is an invaluable approach to modulate their properties, assuming a solid solution is formed. However, thorough understanding of key structural information on the resulting solid solution, such as the local environment of cations and vacancies, remains a challenge. Solid‐state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy is a powerful structural characterization tool, very sensitive to the local environment. Due to the difficulty in signal acquisition and spectral interpretation, SSNMR spectroscopy is relatively less known to chemists and materials scientists. Herein, we present an introductory review to demonstrate how to use 89Y SS NMR spectroscopy to unravel the mystery of solid solutions. In general, 89Y chemical shift varies with different cation/vacancy arrangements in Y coordination spheres, providing ultrafine structural information in the atomic scale. As a case study and an extreme condition, the approach demonstrated in this review can be extended to other systems.
Tetrahedral Silicon‐Centered Dibenzoylmethanatoboron Difluorides: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photophysical Behavior in Solution and the Solid State
Authors: Kononevich Yuriy N. , Temnikov Maxim N. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Volodin Alexander D. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Sazhnikov Viacheslav A. , Safonov Andrey A. , Ionov Dmitriy S. , Ivanov Anatoly A. , Surin Nikolay M. , Svidchenko Evgeniya A. , Muzafarov Aziz M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFour tetrahedral silicon‐centered derivatives of dibenzoylmethanatoboron difluoride (DBMBF2) were synthesized and characterized. Their structural and optical features both in solution and the solid state were investigated by using X‐ray crystallography, steady‐state and time‐dependent spectroscopy, and DFT‐based calculations. In dilute solutions, the molar absorption coefficient increases from 40500 to 175200 M−1 cm−1 as the number of DBMBF2 fragments in a molecule increases from one to four, while, in contrast, the nonradiative rate constant of fluorescence decay decreases from 0.49 to 0.34. In the solid state, absorption and emission spectra depend on the degree of crystallinity and microcrystal size. The tris‐DBMBF2 derivative forms fully overlapping dimeric structures that exhibit excimer‐like fluorescence, which is accurately predicted by the quantum‐chemical calculations. The mono‐DBMBF2 derivative exhibits fully reverse mechanofluorochromic behavior.