bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key challenges facing the application of the conductivity mass balance method: a case study of the Mississippi River basin
Authors: Lyu Hang , Xia Chenxi , Zhang Jinghan , Li Bo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The conductivity mass balance (CMB) method has a long history of application to baseflow separation studies. The CMB method uses site-specific and widely available discharge and specific conductance data.
However, certain aspects of the method remain unstandardized, including the
determination of the applicability of this method for a specific area,
minimum data requirements for baseflow separation and the most accurate
parameter calculation method. This study collected and analyzed stream
discharge and water conductivity data for over 200 stream sites at large
spatial (2.77 to 2 915 834 km2 watersheds) and temporal (up to 56 years) scales in the Mississippi River basin. The suitability criteria and key factors influencing the applicability of the CMB method were identified based on an analysis of the spatial distribution of the inverse correlation coefficient between stream discharge and conductivity and the rationality of baseflow separation results. Sensitivity analysis, uncertainty assessment and T test were used to identify the parameter the method was most sensitive to, and the uncertainties of baseflow separation results obtained from different parameter determination methods and various sampling durations were compared. The results indicated that the inverse correlation coefficient between discharge and conductivity can be used to quantitatively determine the applicability of the CMB method, while the CMB method is more applicable in tributaries, headwater reaches, high altitudes and regions with little influence from anthropogenic activities. A minimum of 6-month discharge and conductivity data was found to provide reliable parameters for the CMB method with acceptable errors, and it is recommended that the parameters SCRO and SCBF be determined by the 1st percentile and dynamic 99th percentile methods, respectively. The results of this study can provide an important basis for the standardized treatment of key problems in the application of the CMB.
Remote monitoring of seismic swarms and the August 2016 seismic crisis of Brava, Cabo Verde, using array methods
Authors: Leva Carola , Rümpker Georg , Wölbern Ingo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. During the first two days of August 2016 a seismic crisis occurred
on Brava, Cabo Verde, which – according to observations based on a local
seismic network – was characterized by more than a thousand volcano-seismic
signals. Brava is considered an active volcanic island, although it has not
experienced any historic eruptions. Seismicity significantly exceeded the
usual level during the crisis. We report on results based on data from a
temporary seismic-array deployment on the neighbouring island of Fogo at a
distance of about 35 km. The array was in operation from October 2015 to
December 2016 and recorded a total of 1343 earthquakes in the region of Fogo
and Brava; 355 thereof were localized. On 1 and 2 August we observed 54
earthquakes, 25 of which could be located beneath Brava. We further evaluate
the observations with regards to possible precursors to the crisis and its
continuation. Our analysis shows a significant variation in seismicity
around Brava, but no distinct precursory pattern. However, the observations
suggest that similar earthquake swarms commonly occur close to Brava. The
results further confirm the advantages of seismic arrays as tools for the
remote monitoring of regions with limited station coverage or access.
Friendship in Philemon
Authors: Wallace David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article analyzes Paul’s letter to Philemon through the lens of friendship rhetoric—based on Aristotle’s prescriptions in books 8 and 9 of Nicomachean Ethics—while paying close attention to the letter’s literary structure in order to sift through possible interpretive applications that inform the meaning of the letter. Paul invokes brotherly κοινωνία and expresses mutual beneficence in a manner that acknowledges God’s redemptive work and gives Philemon an opportunity to act willingly out of goodwill. What Paul receives from Philemon—joy, encouragement, and refreshment—as a result of Philemon’s “heart” for believers, Paul reciprocates with his “heart.” Paul does not write based on need or for personal gain but with an attitude of humility with the purpose of unifying brothers who are coworkers in the gospel.
Temperature-Controlled Ore Evolution in Orogenic Gold Systems Related to Synchronous Granitic Magmatism: An Example from the Iron Quadrangle Province, Brazil
Authors: Fabricio-Silva Wendell , Frimmel Hartwig E. , Emília Shutesky Maria , Rosière Carlos A. , Massucatto Armando J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Against the background of an ongoing debate on the genetic relationship between orogenic gold and granitic magmatism, we studied the evolution of a gold-mineralizing system in shear zone-hosted veins that are spatially associated with a syn- to late tectonic 2.69 Ga granite at the Satinoco deposit in the Archean Pitangui greenstone belt (Iron Quadrangle, Brazil). Detailed underground mine mapping, petrography, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and elemental mapping of sulfide grains revealed a complex polyphase history, with at least three gold-bearing stages: (1) A syntectonic arsenopyrite (Apy1)-löllingite-pyrrhotite assemblage I that formed during prograde metamorphism from ca. 475° to 650°C at 3 to 4 kbars; (2) further fluid circulation during syn- to late tectonic retrograde metamorphism from ca. 510° to 445°C, which led to a pyrrhotite-arsenopyrite (Apy2) ± löllingite ± galena assemblage II; and (3) a pyrite-pyrrhotite-galena ± chalcopyrite ± sphalerite ± ullmannite assemblage III formed during a later post-tectonic brittle deformation event from ca. 350° to 300°C at 1 to 2 kbars. Ascending granitic magma acted as a heat engine for peak metamorphic temperatures locally, that is at the immediate contact, reaching as much as 730°C and, together with the dehydration of mafic and ultramafic host rocks, generated the sulfide assemblage I. Crosscutting field relationships, together with existing S isotope data, indicate a metamorphic origin for all the sulfide stages with a contribution from granite-derived magmatogenic fluids to the mineralizing system at stage II. New X-ray element maps together with LA-ICP-MS spot analyses document oscillatory zoning of As, Fe, and Ni in Apy1 and enrichment in Ni, Mn, Zn, and V. The large amount of pyrrhotite in assemblage II is explained by granite-related Fe metasomatism. This stage led to an enrichment in Co, Sb, and Pb and the redistribution of Au. Assemblage III involved the formation of pyrite veins and precipitation of free gold and Pb-Sb-Cu-Zn sulfides in microfractures of this pyrite. This stage was likely responsible for the remobilization of Ni, Cu, Zn, and Bi-Te minerals. Based on existing geochronological data, at least most of the gold formed between ~2.72 and 2.68 Ga. This study revealed that gold mineralization took place over a wide range of temperatures—a finding that might be not only specific to the Satinoco deposit but possibly to other orogenic-type gold deposits elsewhere as well.
Reflexões sobre os efeitos da pandemia na aprendizagem digital
Authors: Nobre Ana , Mouraz Ana 
Published: December 2020

No início da terceira década do século XXI, mudanças significativas estão a ocorrer nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). Se a necessidade de oferecer educação superior a mais estudantes, e mais diversificados, vinha constituindo um desafio, imposto pela globalização e pela economia do conhecimento, a pandemia obrigou as IES a reequacionar a sua oferta digital. Embora o Ensino Superior use extensivamente o e-learning, o ensino on-line, o ensino a distância, ou alguma outra forma de educação tecnológica, importa refletir sobre os efeitos que tal uso trará à reconfiguração da aprendizagem digital, mesmo num período pós pandemia. É esse propósito que estrutura este texto. Parte-se da literatura recente sobre a aprendizagem digital e seus contornos para refletir sobre as possibilidades e dificuldades que a pandemia lhe trouxe.
Divenire terra, divenire plastica: Rappresentazioni della Postnatura
Authors: Delgado Angela 
Published: December 2020

I plastiglomerati – formazioni geologiche di origine antropogenica, in cui come risultato della combustione diversi tipi di plastica si mescolano con sedimenti dell’ambiente circostante (Corcoran, Moore, & Jazvac, 2014) – simboleggiano l’ambivalenza dello spirito del nostro tempo/spazio, in cui non è più possibile separare – in questo caso quasi letteralmente – ciò che è artiﬁciale da ciò che è naturale. In questo lavoro si presentano immagini di plastigomerati fotografati a Villavicencio, in Colombia. In questo caso speciﬁco, questo tipo di sedimento è frutto della combustione di buste di polietilene di bassa densità (LDPE), che vengono usate per coprire e proteggere il frutto del platano. Una volta usate e scartate, le buste di plastica vengono bruciate e sotterrate nelle zone vicine alle piantagioni.
Fuori dal comune: incontri tra commons e prospettive decoloniali in Chiapas e Bolivia
Authors: Tola Miriam 
Published: December 2020

In dialogue with decolonial perspectives, this article considers conflicts around land and water in Chiapas and Bolivia. Largely animated by indigenous groups, these conflicts have often been interpreted as instances of commons. My essay, however, shows how they trouble understandings of the commons as form of social cooperation that includes the shared care of natural resources. Unlike Western approaches to the commons that cast land and water as ecosystems transformed through human action, political movements in Latin America consider these other-than-human entities as part of political collectives. Examining the encounter between the commons and indigenous politics, this article argues for the possibility of alliance across differences that can only arise from a radical reassessment of the commons’ aspirations for universalism.
The evolutionary background and functional consequences of the rs2071307 polymorphism in human tropoelastin
Authors: Reichheld Sean E. , Muiznieks Lisa D. , Huynh Quang , Wang Nick , Ing Christopher , Miao Ming , Sitarz Eva E. , Pomès Régis , Sharpe Simon , Keeley Fred W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractElastin is a major polymeric protein of the extracellular matrix, providing critical properties of extensibility and elastic recoil. The rs2071307 genomic polymorphism, resulting in the substitution of a serine for a glycine residue in a VPG motif in tropoelastin, has an unusually high minor allele frequency in humans. A consequence of such allelic heterozygosity would be the presence of a heterogeneous elastin polymer in up to 50% of the population, a situation which appears to be unique to Homo sapiens. VPG motifs are extremely common in hydrophobic domains of tropoelastins and are the sites of transient β‐turns that are essential for maintaining the conformational flexibility required for its function as an entropic elastomer. Earlier data demonstrated that single amino acid substitutions in tropoelastin can have functional consequences for polymeric elastin, particularly when present in mixed polymers. Here, using NMR and molecular dynamics approaches, we show the rs2071307 polymorphism reduces local propensity for β‐turn formation, with a consequent increase in polypeptide hydration and an expansion of the conformational ensemble manifested as an increased hydrodynamic radius, radius of gyration and asphericity. Furthermore, this substitution affects functional properties of polymeric elastin, particularly in heterogeneous polymers mimicking allelic heterozygosity. We discuss whether such effects, together with the unusually high minor allele frequency of the polymorphism, could imply some some evolutionary advantage for the heterozygous state.
Comparative Biochemistry of Four Polyester (PET) Hydrolases**
Authors: Bååth Jenny Arnling , Borch Kim , Jensen Kenneth , Brask Jesper , Westh Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe potential of bioprocessing in a circular plastic economy has strongly stimulated research into the enzymatic degradation of different synthetic polymers. Particular interest has been devoted to the commonly used polyester, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and a number of PET hydrolases have been described. However, a kinetic framework for comparisons of PET hydrolases (or other plastic‐degrading enzymes) acting on the insoluble substrate has not been established. Herein, we propose such a framework, which we have tested against kinetic measurements for four PET hydrolases. The analysis provided values of kcat and KM, as well as an apparent specificity constant in the conventional units of M−1s−1. These parameters, together with experimental values for the number of enzyme attack sites on the PET surface, enabled comparative analyses. A variant of the PET hydrolase from Ideonella sakaiensis was the most efficient enzyme at ambient conditions; it relied on a high kcat rather than a low KM. Moreover, both soluble and insoluble PET fragments were consistently hydrolyzed much faster than intact PET. This suggests that interactions between polymer strands slow down PET degradation, whereas the chemical steps of catalysis and the low accessibility associated with solid substrate were less important for the overall rate. Finally, the investigated enzymes showed a remarkable substrate affinity, and reached half the saturation rate on PET when the concentration of attack sites in the suspension was only about 50 nM. We propose that this is linked to nonspecific adsorption, which promotes the nearness of enzyme and attack sites.
Relapsed breast cancer complicated by isolated brain metastasis
Authors: Ehsan Hamid , Imtiaz Hassaan , Sana Muhammad Khawar , Sheikh Muhammad Mubbashir , Wahab Ahsan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe most common etiology of malignant brain tumors is metastatic lesions. They usually present as multiple lesions at the gray‐white matter junction. However, they can unconventionally present as a single space‐occupying lesion mimicking meningioma.
Porphyrin‐based NiFe Porous Organic Polymer Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Meng Jing , Xu Ze , Li Hongxi , James Young David , Hu Chuanjiang , Yang Yonggang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPorphyrin‐based NiFe porous organic polymers (POPs) have been synthesized with good porosity and large BET surface areas (261 to 313 m2 g−1). These bimetallic POPs exhibit RuO2‐like OER activity, with the reaction for catalyst FeTAPP‐NiTCPP‐POP reaching a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a low overpotential of 338 mV and with a small Tafel slope of 52 mV dec−1. FeTAPP‐NiTCPP‐POP was stable over a long period under reaction conditions. These bimetallic POPs exhibit better catalytic activity than their monometallic counterparts, due to synergetic interactions between the iron and nickel centers to facilitate the electrocatalytic process.
A phase 1b expansion study of TAS‐102 with oxaliplatin for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Cecchini Michael , Kortmansky Jeremy S. , Cui Can , Wei Wei , Thumar Jaykumar Ranchobdhai , Uboha Nataliya V. , Hafez Navid , Lacy Jill , Fischbach Neal A. , Sabbath Kert D. , Gomez Christina M. , Sporn Jonathan Reed , Stein Stacey , Hochster Howard S. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundTAS‐102, a novel antimetabolite, is approved for treatment of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). This study sought to determine whether the addition of TAS‐102 to oxaliplatin (TAS‐OX) was safe and effective in metastatic CRC previously treated with oxaliplatin.MethodsThis investigator‐initiated, open‐label, single‐arm phase 1b study enrolled patients with metastatic CRC previously treated with 5‐fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin. In dose escalation, TAS‐102 was given at 3 dose levels: 25, 30, and 35 mg/m2 twice daily on day 1 to day 5 with 85 mg/m2 oxaliplatin on day 1 in 14‐day cycles. The primary endpoint of dose escalation was the recommended dose for expansion, and in dose expansion, the primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST, version 1.1).ResultsForty‐one patients were treated with TAS‐OX. No dose‐limiting toxicities were observed in the 11 patients treated in escalation. The recommended dose for expansion was 35 mg/m2 TAS‐102 twice daily on day 1 to day 5 in combination with 85 mg/m2 oxaliplatin on day 1 in 14‐day cycles. In the intention‐to‐treat population, the ORR was 2.4% (95% CI, 0%‐12.9%) with 1 of 41 patients having a partial response, although 12 (29%) had tumor shrinkage. The median progression‐free survival was 2.7 months (95% CI, 2.4‐4.8 months) and median overall survival was 6.8 months (95% CI, 5.7‐10 months).ConclusionsTAS‐OX is safe with no unexpected toxicities at standard doses of each agent. The combination did not result in a clinically meaningful ORR, although progression‐free survival and overall survival were encouraging in this heavily pretreated population.Lay Summary

For metastatic colorectal cancer, the treatment combination of TAS‐102 and oxaliplatin was found to be well‐tolerated and revealed no unexpected side effects.

Twelve of 41 patients had reductions in the size of their tumor, and the study treatment delayed the time to tumor growth as opposed to what would be expected.
Evaluating the healthcare practice by defining healthcare principles: An autoregressive integrated moving average model based on time series
Authors: Yan Jingjing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThis study developed a set of health care principles to evaluate the health care practice in China long‐term via time series.MethodsThis study was divided into four parts. First, the variables were designed by defining a set of conceptual tools. Second, qualitative text was collected and coded according to the defined conceptual tools. Third, the sampling text was qualitatively analysed. Fourth, the variables were analysed through an autoregressive integrated moving average model based on a time series. Lastly, the qualitative and variable analyses were combined and the basic conclusions of the study were drawn.ResultsWe found that the health care principle of accessibility was significantly positively affected by abnormal event, policy experimentation and policy authority shift. Quality was found to be significantly positively affected by policy experimentation and policy authority shift, while cost control was significantly positively affected by policy experimentation.ConclusionThis study implies that the collective activities of the government and health care practitioners, such as abnormal events, policy failures, policy experimentations and policy authority shifts, as well as health care practice itself, become increasingly interconnected over time.
Front Cover
Authors: Schiattarella Chiara , Moretta Rosalba , Defforge Thomas , Gautier Gaël , Della Ventura Bartolomeo , Terracciano Monica , Tortiglione Claudia , Fardella Federica , Maddalena Pasqualino , De Stefano Luca , Velotta Raffaele , Rea Ilaria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPoly‐L‐lysine‐coated, highly microporous silicon nanoparticles are herein characterized and successfully used as longer‐lived luminescent probes for in vivo time‐gated imaging using Hydra vulgaris as model organism. The uptake in living polyp is promoted by the positive surface charge of the nanocomposite. The outcomes show that time gating allows to get rid of nonspecific tissue autofluorescence and leads to a contrast enhancement by a factor > 1 order of magnitude.Further details can be found in the article by Chiara Schiattarella, Rosalba Moretta, Thomas Defforge, Gaël Gautier, et al. (e202000272).
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Extended diffusion theory: Recovering dynamics from biased/accelerated molecular simulations
Authors: Rapallo Arnaldo , Gaspari Roberto , Grasso Gianvito , Danani Andrea 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDynamical properties are of great importance in determining the behavior of synthetic and natural molecules, but capturing them by computational methods is a nontrivial task. Very often the time scales of the relevant phenomena are far beyond the typical time windows accessible by classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, currently limited to the order of microseconds on standard laboratory workstations. On the other hand, biased and accelerated simulations allow for fast and thorough exploration of the molecular conformational space, but they lose the dynamic information. The problem of recovering dynamics from biased/accelerated simulations is a very active field of research, but no totally robust/reliable solutions have been given yet. In this paper it is shown how the Smoluchowski equation, in the framework of Diffusion Theory (DT), can be used to bridge this gap, and dynamical properties, in the form of time correlation functions (TCFs), can be extracted also from such kind of simulations. DT is first extended (EDT) to express the mobility tensors entering the Smoluchowski operator in terms of a recently introduced unified and regularized Rotne–Prager–Yamakawa approximation, [P. J. Zuk, E. Wajnryb, K. A. Mizerski, P. Szymczak, J. Fluid. Mech. 2014, 741, R5, 1–13] also involving mixed rotation‐translation contributions, and rotation‐rotation terms beside the classical translation‐translation ones, so far used in DT. Then, the method is applied to recover the dynamics of a nontrivial example of a peptide in explicit water from the first 200 ns of a Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics simulation, which is a popular computational method that destroys the long time dynamics. EDT dynamics were found to favorably compare against those coming from a standard MD simulation of the same system, requiring a time window of 30 μs to converge. This result shows that EDT is a tool of practical value to recover the long time dynamics of systems in diffusive regimes from biased/accelerated simulations, to be exploited in those cases when direct evaluation by standard MD is unfeasible.
Apatite‐like forming ability, porosity, and bond strength of calcium aluminate cement with chitosan, zirconium oxide, and hydroxyapatite additives
Authors: Saltareli Fernanda Mara , Leoni Graziela Bianchi , de Lima Ferraz Aguiar Nayara , de Faria Natália Spadini , Oliveira Ivone Regina , Bachmann Luciano , Raucci‐Neto Walter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of chitosan, zirconium oxide, and hydroxyapatite on the apatite‐like forming ability, porosity, and bond‐strength of calcium‐aluminate cements (C). Three hundred bovine root‐slices were assigned to one of five groups, according to the material: MTA, C, C + chitosan (Cchi), C + zirconium oxide (Czio), and C + hydroxyapatite (Chap), and within each group, two subgroups, according to the immersion: deionized water or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) up to 14 days. Assessments (n = 10) of apatite‐like forming ability were performed using scanning‐electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and x‐ray diffraction. PBS was evaluated for pH and Ca2+ release (n = 10). Bond‐strength was analyzed by push‐out test (n = 10) and porosity by micro‐CT (n = 10). Chemical and push‐out data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = .05). Porosity data were analyzed by the Kruskal‐Wallis and SNK tests (α = .05). Similar Ca/P ratios were observed between all groups (p > .05). The pH of MTA and Cchi were higher than that of other cements at d 3 and 6 (p < .05). Cchi had a higher release of Ca2+ up to 6 days (p < .05). All cements had lower porosity after PBS (p < .05). Cchi and Chap had similar porosity reduction (p > .05), and were higher than MTA, C, and Czio (p < .05). Cchi had higher bond‐strength than the other groups (p < .05). PBS samples had higher bond‐strength (p < .05). All cements had hydroxyapatite deposition and the chitosan blend had the lowest porosity and the highest bond‐strength.