bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of growth hormone receptor antagonism and somatostatin analog administration on quality of life in acromegaly
Authors: Dichtel Laura E. , Kimball Allison , Yuen Kevin C. J. , Woodmansee Whitney , Haines Melanie S. , Guan Qiu Xia , Swearingen Brooke , Nachtigall Lisa B. , Tritos Nicholas A. , Sharpless Julie L. , Kaiser Ursula B. , Gerweck Anu V. , Miller Karen K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveAcromegaly is associated with impaired quality of life (QoL). We investigated the effects of biochemical control of acromegaly by growth hormone receptor antagonism vs somatostatin analog therapy on QoL.DesignCross‐sectional.Patients116 subjects: n = 55 receiving a somatostatin analog (SSA group); n = 29 receiving pegvisomant (PEG group); n = 32 active acromegaly on no medical therapy (ACTIVE group).MeasurementsAcromegaly QoL Questionnaire (AcroQoL), Rand 36‐Item Short Form Survey (SF‐36) and Gastrointestinal QoL Index (GIQLI); fasting glucose, insulin and IGF‐1 levels (LC/MS, Quest Diagnostics).ResultsThere were no group differences in mean age, BMI or sex [(whole cohort mean ± SD) age 52 ± 14 years, BMI 30 ± 6 kg/m2, and male sex 38%]. Mean IGF‐1 Z‐scores were higher in ACTIVE (3.9 ± 1.0) vs SSA and PEG, which did not differ from one another (0.5 ± 0.7 and 0.5 ± 0.7, P < .0001 vs ACTIVE). Eighty‐three per cent of PEG previously received somatostatin analogs, which had been discontinued due to lack of efficacy (52%) or side effects (41%). There were no differences in the four QoL primary end‐points (AcroQoL Global Score, SF‐36 Physical Component Summary Score, SF‐36 Mental Health Summary Score and GIQLI Global Score) between SSA and PEG. Higher HbA1c, BMI and IGF‐1 Z‐scores were associated with poorer QoL in several domains.ConclusionOur data support a comparable QoL in patients receiving pegvisomant vs somatostatin analogs, despite the fact that the vast majority receiving pegvisomant did not respond to or were not able to tolerate somatostatin analogs.
PD‐1 and PD‐L1 expression in Kaposi sarcoma: A comparative study according to the pathological stage and clinical characteristics
Authors: Kim Young Jae , Jung Chang Jin , Won Chong Hyun , Chang Sung Eun , Lee Mi Woo , Choi Jee Ho , Lee Woo Jin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundKaposi sarcoma (KS) is a mesenchymal tumor with distinct histopathological features according to stage of progression. Programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) and its ligand PD‐L1 play major roles in the immune escape strategy of tumors.ObjectivesThis study evaluated expression of PD‐1 and PD‐L1 in various stages of KS and investigated associations between their expression and clinical characteristics.MethodsFifty cases with histopathologically diagnosed KS were classified as early or late stage. These specimens were stained with anti‐PD‐1 and anti‐PD‐L1 antibodies. The extent of expression in the intratumoral and peritumoral areas was judged by two dermatopathologists.ResultsPD‐1 and PD‐L1 were expressed in 72.2% (13/18) and 11.1% (2/18) of early‐stage cases, respectively, compared with 43.8% (14/32) and 28.1% (9/32) of late‐stage cases, respectively. At the late stage, PD‐1 expression was significantly higher in the peritumoral area than in the intratumoral area (P = 0.001). PD‐1 expression in the intratumoral area was significantly higher at the early stage than at the late stage (P = 0.013). PD‐L1 expression in the peritumoral area was significantly higher at the late stage than at the early stage (P = 0.038).ConclusionsThe pattern of PD‐1 and PD‐L1 expression differs according to the stage of KS, but is unaffected by clinical variables.
Recovery of HIV encephalopathy in perinatally infected children on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Innes Steve , Laughton Barbara , van Toorn Ronald , Otwombe Kennedy , Liberty Afaaf , Dobbels Els , Violari Avy , Kruger Mariana , Cotton Mark F 
Published: August 2020

AimTo describe the trajectory of clinical signs in children who developed human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy (HIVE) after starting early antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodThis was a retrospective case‐cohort description of HIVE among Cape Town participants from the Children with HIV Early AntiRetroviral treatment (CHER) trial. Criteria for HIVE diagnosis were at least two of: (1) acquired central motor deficit, (2) impaired brain growth, and (3) failure to attain or loss of developmental milestones in the absence of an alternative aetiology.ResultsOf 133 surviving participants who initiated ART at a median age of 9 weeks and who were followed until a median age of 6 years, 20 (12%) developed HIVE at a median age 31 months (interquartile range 19–37). In these, the first neurological deterioration was noticed at a median age of 19 months, when 16 were on ART and nine had undetectable HIV viral load for a median of 12 months. Signs of upper motor neurons were present in 18, of whom 12 resolved and four had persistent spastic diplegia; 19 had motor delay, of whom 14 resolved; 12 had language delay, of whom 11 resolved; and 16 had impaired brain growth, of whom only five recovered. For the 16 participants already on ART at HIVE diagnosis, regimens were not altered in response to diagnosis.InterpretationHIVE may occur despite early ART initiation and virological suppression and then resolve on unchanged ART, most likely as intrathecal inflammation subsides.What this paper adds

Despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy, children can develop human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy,

The most common manifestations are motor deficits and impaired brain growth.

Most experience improvement, with many resolving without additional intervention.
Caregiver perception of hand function in infants with cerebral palsy: psychometric properties of the Infant Motor Activity Log
Authors: Carey Helen , Hay Krystal , Nelin Mary Ann , Sowers Brianna , Lewandowski Dennis J , Moore‐Clingenpeel Melissa , Maitre Nathalie L 
Published: August 2020

AimTo evaluate the properties of the Infant Motor Activity Log (IMAL), a caregiver‐report for frequency and quality of use of more affected upper extremity in infants with neurological and functional impairments.MethodThis was a prospective cohort study of 66 children (34 females, 32 males) aged 6 to 24 months (mean age [SD] 13.7mo [5.3]) with neurological and functional impairments and a confirmed cerebral palsy diagnoses after 2 years, and 51 age‐matched typically developing children. The IMAL was administered at baseline and 4 weeks later. Typically developing infants were tested with randomly assigned ‘more affected’ upper extremity. Psychometric properties were evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, and Jonckheere‐Terpstra tests.ResultsIn the children with impairments, the IMAL showed internal consistency (alpha≥0.88) for the How Well Scale (HWS) and How Often Scale (HOS). Test–retest reliability was 0.64 (HOS) and 0.70 (HWS), demonstrating stability over time. Correlation with Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition more affected arm raw scores were 0.70 (HOS) and 0.72 (HWS) (p<0.001) demonstrating construct validity. Both scale scores decreased with increasing Gross Motor Function Classification System and Mini‐Manual Ability Classification System (p<0.001) levels, supporting discriminative validity. Discrimination between typically developing infants and infants with impairments was high (HWS: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–0.99 and HOS AUC=0.95, CI 0.92–0.99).InterpretationThe IMAL is a valid and reliable discriminative caregiver measure of upper limb performance and may complement measures of capacity in infants with neurological and functional impairments.What this paper adds

The Infant Motor Activity Log (IMAL) is a valid and reliable measure of caregiver perception of upper limb function.

The IMAL fills a measurement gap for infant motor performance in children with impairments.

The IMAL discriminates among motor function levels.
Noise during mouthbrooding impairs maternal care behaviors and juvenile development and alters brain transcriptomes in the African cichlid fishAstatotilapia burtoni
Authors: Butler Julie M. , Maruska Karen P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic noise has increased underwater ambient sound levels in the range in which most fishes detect and produce acoustic signals. Although the impacts of increased background noise on fish development have been studied in a variety of species, there is a paucity of information on how noise affects parental care. Mouthbrooding is an energetically costly form of parental care in which the brooding fish carries developing larvae in the buccal cavity for the duration of development. In the African cichlidAstatotilapia burtoni, females carry their brood for ~2 weeks during which time they do not eat. To test the hypothesis that increased background noise impacts maternal care behaviors and brood development, we exposed brooding females to a 3‐h period of excess noise (~140 dB) played through an underwater speaker. Over half of noise‐exposed brooding females cannibalized or pre‐maturely released their brood, but 90% of control females exhibited normal brooding behaviors. RNA‐seq analysis revealed that transcripts related to feeding and parental care were differentially expressed in the brains of noise‐exposed females. Juveniles that were exposed to noise during their brood period within the mother's mouth had lower body condition factors, higher mortality and altered head transcriptomes compared with control broods. Furthermore, onset of adult‐typical coloration and behaviors was delayed compared with control fish. Together, these data indicate that noise has severe impacts on reproductive fitness in mouthbrooding females. Our results, combined with past studies, indicate that parental care stages are extremely susceptible to noise‐induced perturbations with detrimental effects on species persistence.
Nurse educator academic incivility: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Thupayagale‐Tshweneagae G. , Dithole K.S. , Baratedi W.M. , Raditloko S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore nurse educator academic incivility from the perspectives of nurse educator leaders.BackgroundThe academic environment should be safe and conducive to both teaching and learning. Both the students and faculty should have a sense of belonging and of being valued.IntroductionFaculty‐to‐faculty incivility has been reported as being disruptive to the teaching and learning environment, and is associated with poor work outputs.MethodA qualitative descriptive design, as explained by Sandelowski, was used to explore academic incivility as perceived by nurse educator leaders. Twenty semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nurse educator leaders, representing three levels of management in Botswana. The approach of Elo and Kyngas was used to analyse qualitative data. Their main aim was to compare categories at different periods, as was the case with different categories of nurse leaders in this study.FindingsThree main themes emerged from the data analysis: lack of policy implementation, inadequate leadership skills and role modelling. Two subthemes emerged from the theme, lack of policy implementation, namely: poor record‐keeping and hierarchical issues. On further analysis of the theme, inadequate leadership skills, poor hierarchical coordination among nurse educator leaders; and favouritism emerged as subthemes. The last theme, role modelling, needed no further development and described the modelling of incivility as the behaviour that has birthed a generation of incivility among nurse educators.ConclusionIncivility exists in nursing colleges in Botswana, and it includes unruly behaviour towards one another; late coming; disrespect; and disregard of authority.Implications for nursing education policyThere must be collaboration between nurse educators and health policymakers to strengthen cordial relationships as well as foster disciplinary procedures on incivility. Clear policy on disciplinary procedures focusing on mitigating various forms of uncivil behaviours is imperative. Nurse educator leaders’ training on management skill should also be strengthened and made mandatory before nurse educators are appointed to leadership positions.
Nursing diagnoses: what about NANDA‐I syndromes?
Authors: Romeiro J. , Caldeira S. , Herdman T.H. , Lopes C.T. , Vieira M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this paper is to propose a label structure for nursing diagnosis syndromes from NANDA‐I.BackgroundWorldwide changes and human needs seem to get more complex, offering challenging opportunities for nursing care and to nursing knowledge. Nursing classifications represent nursing knowledge and are critical in guiding clinical practice and patient‐centred care.Sources of evidenceThis discussion paper is based on the analysis of NANDA‐I Taxonomy II and related literature.Discussion/ConclusionA total of 13 diagnoses comprise the term ‘syndrome’; however, the labels are not consistent with the multiaxial system within the NANDA‐I model of a nursing diagnosis. Syndromes require a more specific approach and definition when compared to other type of nursing diagnoses. A new format for describing the label is provided and would be useful in improving current syndromes and in reflecting a more individualized and patient‐centred nursing care.Implications for nursing policy and practiceThe proposal provided in this paper could raise the quality of nurses’ assessment, increase accuracy of NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses, promote nurses’ clinical reasoning and the adequacy of care. Ultimately, changes should be not only perceived in nurses´ practice but also in nursing education as curricula should promote a critical thinking. Nurse leaders and policymakers could additionally use this in the development of advanced programmes and protocols that could manage and monitorize implementation of advanced care.
The great imitator with no diagnostic test: pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Alonso‐León Teresa , Hernández‐Ramírez Heidi H. , Fonte‐Avalos Veronica , Toussaint‐Caire Sonia , E. Vega‐Memije María , Lozano‐Platonoff Adriana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPyoderma gangrenosum is a rare, neutrophil‐mediated, auto‐inflammatory dermatosis that wound care specialists must be prepared to recognise. This condition has clinical features analogous to infectious processes. There is no specific diagnostic test and the diagnosis is usually obtained from exclusion. Its early recognition and proper management with prompt initiation of immunosuppressive therapy are essential to improve the quality of life and the prognosis of patients.
An examination of maternal prenatal BMI and human fetal brain development
Authors: Norr Megan E. , Hect Jasmine L. , Lenniger Carly J. , Van den Heuvel Martijn , Thomason Moriah E. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundPrenatal development is a time when the brain is acutely vulnerable to insult and alteration by environmental factors (e.g., toxins, maternal health). One important risk factor is maternal obesity (Body Mass Index > 30). Recent research indicates that high maternal BMI during pregnancy is associated with increased risk for numerous physical health, cognitive, and mental health problems in offspring across the lifespan. It is possible that heightened maternal prenatal BMI influences the developing brain even before birth.MethodsThe present study examines this possibility at the level of macrocircuitry in the human fetal brain. Using a data‐driven strategy for parcellating the brain into subnetworks, we test whether MRI functional connectivity within or between fetal neural subnetworks varies with maternal prenatal BMI in 109 fetuses between the ages of 26 and 39weeks.ResultsWe discovered that strength of connectivity between two subnetworks, left anterior insula/inferior frontal gyrus (aIN/IFG) and bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), varied with maternal BMI. At the level of individual aIN/IFG‐PFC connections, we observed both increased and decreased between‐network connectivity with a tendency for increased within‐hemisphere connectivity and reduced cross‐hemisphere connectivity in higher BMI pregnancies. Maternal BMI was not associated with global differences in network topography based on network‐based statistical analyses.ConclusionsOverall effects were localized in regions that will later support behavioral regulation and integrative processes, regions commonly associated with obesity‐related deficits. By establishing onset in neural differences prior to birth, this study supports a model in which maternal BMI‐related risk is associated with fetal connectome‐level brain organization with implications for offspring long‐term cognitive development and mental health.
A randomized, split‐face, double‐blind, comparative study of the safety and efficacy of small‐ and large‐particle hyaluronic acid fillers for the treatment of nasolabial folds
Authors: Nikolis Andreas , Enright Kaitlyn M. , Öhrlund Åke , Winlöf Per , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundInjections of hyaluronic acid (HA) for tissue augmentation are one of the most common aesthetic treatments performed worldwide. However, few studies have compared the safety and efficacy of small‐ and large‐particle HA (SP‐HA; LP‐HA).AimTo assess and compare the safety and efficacy of SP‐HA and LP‐HA for the correction of nasolabial folds (NLFs).MethodsA prospective, split‐face, triple‐blind study design was used. Ten female subjects were recruited. Patients underwent treatment at baseline, an optional touch up at Week 2, and a follow‐up visit at Week 4. At weeks 2 and 4, a blinded reviewer assessed the patients using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS); and subjects completed the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ). At all visits, 3‐dimensional imagery and ultrasonography of patients’ NLFs were captured. Adverse events (AEs) were evaluated by the Investigator and recorded by subjects in diaries.ResultsThe GAIS response rate, defined as ≥ “improved” from baseline, was between 90 (2 weeks) and 100% (1 month) for SP‐HA and was 100% for LP‐HA, at both visits. Paired‐samples t tests revealed significant differences in the change in WSRS scores between groups, at both visits (P < .01). Differences in the clinical effect and lifting capacity of both products were observed in 3‐dimensional imagery and ultrasonography. Treatment volumes varied, with 61.32% more SP‐HA being required than LP‐HA for achieving a ≥ one‐grade WSRS improvement. There were no severe AEs throughout the trial, nor AEs related to the investigational device.ConclusionsLP‐HA demonstrates better efficacy for correcting bony resorption in the nasal pyriform region.
Ovarian cryopreservation for children aged 3 years or younger: A report of three cases
Authors: Kasei Ryo , Morimune Aina , Kimura Fuminori , Kitazawa Jun , Hanada Tetsuro , Murakami Takashi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOvarian tissue cryopreservation has recently been performed as an option for fertility preservation in prepubertal girls with cancer. In this study, ovarian tissue was cryopreserved from 3 girls of 3 years of age or younger during a 3‐year period at our institution. Case 1 was a 1‐year‐old girl, who was diagnosed with a yolk sac tumor in the sacral region. Case 2 was a 2‐year‐old girl, who was diagnosed with retroperitoneal neuroblastoma. Case 3 was a 3‐year‐old girl, who was diagnosed with cerebellar medulloblastoma. All patients had planned to undergo chemotherapy that would affect the ovarian reserve. Because these patients were toddlers, consideration of ethics, the surgical procedure and postoperative management, and optimal method for freezing ovarian tissue was necessary, although gynecologists rarely experience these challenges in daily clinical practice. We herein present the clinical course of these three cases and discuss the peculiarities and countermeasures of ovarian cryopreservation in children.
A 10‐year retrospective survey of acute childhood osteomyelitis in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: von Heideken Johan , Bennet Rutger , Eriksson Margareta , Hertting Olof 
Published: August 2020

AimChildren with osteomyelitis present with a range of signs and symptoms and with varying degree of severity. The purpose of this study was to provide data on a population‐based 10‐year material of children with acute osteomyelitis.MethodsAll children, 0–14 years in Stockholm Region with acute osteomyelitis hospitalised in July 2005–June 2015, were retrospectively studied. Time to hospital presentation, disease localization, inflammation markers, imaging procedures, microbiology, severity classified by the presence of complications, surgical procedures, hospital length of stay and seasonal variation were recorded.ResultsThere were 430 children with acute osteomyelitis; 61% were boys. The incidence per 100 000 person‐years was 11.6; 9.3 in girls and 13.1 in boys. Median age at admission was 2.9 years with no peak later in childhood. Median time from first symptom to diagnosis was 4 days (range 1–21) and 48% of the cases were localised to femur or tibia. Mean C‐reactive protein was 59 mg/L (range 1–376). Blood (n = 82) or tissue cultures (n = 54) were positive in 118 (28%) children. The most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus (n = 88) followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (n = 12). Surgery was performed in 71 children (17%). There was no mortality. Severe complications were seen in 14 (3.3%) children, five of whom were admitted to intensive care. Median hospital length of stay was 4 days (range 1–60).ConclusionsOsteomyelitis in children is a diagnostic challenge with a low yield of positive bacterial cultures. Few children with uncomplicated disease need surgery, but the risk of severe complications is not negligible.
Function and application of the Eutrema salsugineum PHT1;1 gene in phosphate deficiency stress
Authors: Yang S. , Zhao Y. , Wang J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Low availability of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in soil is often a limiting factor for plant growth and productivity. The Pi transporter plays an important role in the absorption and utilization of phosphorus in plants. Eutrema salsugineum shows strong tolerance under Pi stress conditions, but the function of the E. salsugineum PHT1 genes has not yet been systematically studied.

This study isolated a phosphate transporter gene (EsPHT1;1) from the halophyte E. salsugineum and functionally characterized it in the herbaceous model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, and in an important oil crop species, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.).

Under Pi deficient conditions, transgenic Arabidopsis and transgenic soybean grew better and exhibited significant improvement in root growth, biomass accumulation and seed yield compared with wild‐type (WT) plants. These phenotypic enhancements were more apparent under inadequate Pi conditions than under sufficient or no Pi conditions, which is in agreement with the observation that the transgenic plants accumulated higher amounts of Pi and total P in shoots and roots than WT plants only when inadequate Pi was supplied.

The results of the present study indicate that overexpression of EsPHT1;1 can efficiently enhance the growth and reproductive performance of both Arabidopsis and soybean plants challenged by low P stress, which results confirm the important role of PHT1;1 in dealing with Pi deficiency.