bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From orogeny to rifting: insights from the Norwegian ‘reactivation phase’
Authors: Peron-Pinvidic Gwenn , Osmundsen Per Terje 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBased on observations from the Mid-Norwegian extensional system, we describe how, when and where the post-Caledonian continental crust evolved from a context of orogenic disintegration to one of continental rifting. We highlight the importance of a deformation stage that occurred between the collapse mode and the high-angle faulting mode often associated with early rifting of continental crust. This transitional stage, which we interpret to represent the earliest stage of rifting, includes unexpected large magnitudes of crustal thinning facilitated through the reactivation and further development of inherited collapse structures, including detachment faults, shear zones and metamorphic core complexes. The reduction of the already re-equilibrated post-orogenic crust to only ~ 50% of normal thickness over large areas, and considerably less locally, during this stage shows that the common assumption of very moderate extension in the proximal margin domain may not conform to margins that developed on collapsed orogens.
Enhancement of dielectric and electric-field-induced polarization of bismuth fluoride nanoparticles within the layered structure of carbon nitride
Authors: Ghosh Sarit K. , Perla Venkata K. , Mallick Kaushik 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA single-pot, wet chemical method has been reported for the synthesis of bismuth fluoride nanoparticles (BF) and functionalized BF within the network of carbon nitride (BFCN). In BFCN, a structural transformation of BF, from cubic to pseudo-cubic (as evidenced by Rietveld refinement analysis), confirmed the contribution of carbon nitride (CN) on functionalization. The effect of functionalization of BF has been investigated through dielectric and field-induced polarization studies under different temperature and frequency conditions. Enhancement of dielectric constant values was noticed in BFCN as compared with BF system, in the order of 2.5 (30 °C) and 8.0 (100 °C) at 100 Hz. Fatigue-free maximum polarization values of 0.041 µC/cm2and 0.054 µC/cm2, under the electric field of 5 kV/mm, were achieved for BF and BFCN samples, respectively, for 5 × 103cycles.
Analysis on fatigue life of overhead travelling crane girder under impact load for sustainable transport system
Authors: Yang Mingliang , Chang Zhengyan , Xu Gening , Wang Chao , Wang Peng 
Published: September 2020

As the main bearing structure of the crane, the girder structure determines its service life. While the girder structure meets the strength, stiffness, and stability, its fatigue life should be paid more attention. A strong impact will be caused by the overhead travelling crane running through the uneven track joint. Based on SolidWorks and automated dynamic analysis of mechanical systems, the virtual prototype of 480 t overhead travelling crane operation is established in this study. The operation simulation of various track height differences is carried out. Compared with the theoretical calculation of GB and ISO, the virtual prototype is verified. Through the strain test and finite‐element calculation of stress of girder under the two working conditions including the main car with a load of 433 t running to the mid‐span and span end of the girder, the stress concentration in the transition rounded corner of the girder is found. On the basis of the simulation load spectrum and finite‐element static stress analysis, combined with the S–N curve of material, the fatigue damage and life prediction model of the 480 t overhead travelling crane girder is established. The minimum life of the dangerous part is obtained, providing a basis for the design and maintenance.
Probing the hidden atomic gas in Class I jets with SOFIA
Authors: Sperling T. , Eislöffel J. , Fischer C. , Nisini B. , Giannini T. , Krabbe A. 
Published: September 2020

Context. We present SOFIA/FIFI-LS observations of five prototypical, low-mass Class I outflows (HH111, SVS13, HH26, HH34, HH30) in the far-infrared [O I]63μm and [O I]145μm transitions.
Aims. Spectroscopic [O I]63μm,145μm maps enable us to study the spatial extent of warm, low-excitation atomic gas within outflows driven by Class I protostars. These [O I] maps may potentially allow us to measure the mass-loss rates (Ṁjet) of this warm component of the atomic jet.
Methods. A fundamental tracer of warm (i.e. T ~ 500–1500 K), low-excitation atomic gas is the [O I]63μm emission line, which is predicted to be the main coolant of dense dissociative J-type shocks caused by decelerated wind or jet shocks associated with protostellar outflows. Under these conditions, the [O I]63μm line can be directly connected to the instantaneous mass ejection rate. Thus, by utilising spectroscopic [O I]63μm maps, we wish to determine the atomic mass flux rate Ṁjet ejected from our target outflows.
Results. Strong [O I]63μm emission is detected at the driving sources HH111IRS, HH34IRS, SVS13, as well as at the bow shock region, HH7. The detection of the [O I]63μm line at HH26A and HH8/HH10 can be attributed to jet deflection regions. The far-infrared counterpart of the optical jet is detected in [O I]63μm only for HH111, but not for HH34. We interpret the [O I]63μm emission at HH111IRS, HH34IRS, and SVS13 to be coming primarily from a decelerated wind shock, whereas multiple internal shocks within the HH111 jet may cause most of the [O I]63μm emission seen there. At HH30, no [O I]63μm,145μm was detected. The [O I]145μm line detection is at noise level almost everywhere in our obtained maps. The observed outflow rates of our Class I sample are to the order of Ṁjet ~ 10−6M⊙ yr−1, if proper shock conditions prevail. Independent calculations connecting the [O I]63μm line luminosity and observable jet parameters with the mass -loss rate are consistent with the applied shock model and lead to similar mass-loss rates. We discuss applicability and caveats of both methods.
Conclusions. High-quality spectroscopic [O I]63μm maps of protostellar outflows at the jet driving source potentially allow a clear determination of the mass ejection rate.
Image-quality assessment for full-disk solar observations with generative adversarial networks
Authors: Jarolim R. , Veronig A. M. , Pötzi W. , Podladchikova T. 
Published: September 2020

Context. In recent decades, solar physics has entered the era of big data and the amount of data being constantly produced from ground- and space-based observatories can no longer be purely analyzed by human observers.
Aims. In order to assure a stable series of recorded images of sufficient quality for further scientific analysis, an objective image-quality measure is required. Especially when dealing with ground-based observations, which are subject to varying seeing conditions and clouds, the quality assessment has to take multiple effects into account and provide information about the affected regions. The automatic and robust identification of quality-degrading effects is critical for maximizing the scientific return from the observations and to allow for event detections in real time. In this study, we develop a deep-learning method that is suited to identify anomalies and provide an image-quality assessment of solar full-disk Hα filtergrams. The approach is based on the structural appearance and the true image distribution of high-quality observations.
Methods. We employ a neural network with an encoder–decoder architecture to perform an identity transformation of selected high-quality observations. The encoder network is used to achieve a compressed representation of the input data, which is reconstructed to the original by the decoder. We use adversarial training to recover truncated information based on the high-quality image distribution. When images of reduced quality are transformed, the reconstruction of unknown features (e.g., clouds, contrails, partial occultation) shows deviations from the original. This difference is used to quantify the quality of the observations and to identify the affected regions. In addition, we present an extension of this architecture that also uses low-quality samples in the training step. This approach takes characteristics of both quality domains into account, and improves the sensitivity for minor image-quality degradation.
Results. We apply our method to full-disk Hα filtergrams from the Kanzelhöhe Observatory recorded during 2012−2019 and demonstrate its capability to perform a reliable image-quality assessment for various atmospheric conditions and instrumental effects. Our quality metric achieves an accuracy of 98.5% in distinguishing observations with quality-degrading effects from clear observations and provides a continuous quality measure which is in good agreement with the human perception.
Conclusions. The developed method is capable of providing a reliable image-quality assessment in real time, without the requirement of reference observations. Our approach has the potential for further application to similar astrophysical observations and requires only coarse manual labeling of a small data set.
COVID-19 and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: No Fear to
Attempt?
Authors: Papachristou Stella , Penlioglou Theano , Stoian Anca Pantea , Papanas Nikolaos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNovel coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) has been recognised as a pandemic by
the World Health Organization (WHO) 1.
Mortality and morbidity are higher in elderly individuals and those with
comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, hypertension, respiratory
tract diseases, coronary heart disease or cancer 1. Indeed, two thirds of individuals who
died from COVID-19 had DM in Italy 2.
Beyond the First Wave: Consequences of COVID-19 on High-Risk Infants and Families
Authors: Lemmon Monica E. , Chapman Ira , Malcolm William , Kelley Kelli , Shaw Richard J. , Milazzo Angelo , Cotten C. Michael , Hintz Susan R. 
Published: September 2020

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting care for high-risk newborns in ways that will likely be sustained beyond the initial pandemic response. These novel challenges present an urgent imperative to understand how COVID-19 impacts parent, family, and infant outcomes. We highlight three areas that warrant targeted attention: (1) inpatient care: visitation policies, developmental care, and communication practices; (2) outpatient care: high-risk infant follow-up and early intervention programs; and (3) parent psychosocial distress: mental health, social support, and financial toxicity. Changes to care delivery in these areas provide an opportunity to identify and implement novel strategies to provide family-centered care during COVID-19 and beyond.
Key Points
Threefold translation of the body of Christ: concepts of the Eucharist and the body translated in the early modern missionary context
Authors: Flüchter Antje , Nardini Giulia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article tests the usefulness of concepts from translation studies to understand the dynamics and mechanisms of cultural translation. It asks what is happening when people translate. What do they do when they translate? From a historical perspective, we apply translation theories as analytical kit on the cultural translation process created by the Jesuit missionaries teaching the Eucharist in contact zones during early modern times. In a first part, we present the conceptual tool box borrowed from translation studies (Lefevere, Venuti, Nida). In the analytical part, we apply this instrument to Jesuit translation: How did the Jesuits translate the concept of body in the sacrament of Eucharist for a general audience in the multilingual and transcultural missionary contexts? It is generally difficult to transfer knowledge by translation. The translation of the Eucharist is not only difficult regarding the aim of a true translation, its fidelity to the source, but it can become a question of orthodoxy or heresy. The translation of Eucharist concerns the theology of transubstantiation, real presence or a symbolic understanding of the body; a crucial topic in the early modern European context. The semantics of the body are closely related to this theological issue as are the different cultural practices and understanding of them, particularly in non-European cultural settings. In this Jesuit case study, the dynamics of the cultural translation process are unearthed: Which methods and technics did missionaries apply to translate theological concepts? How did they accommodate and negotiate the knowledge transfer with the local cultural grids? How did they create dynamic equivalence in order to be understood? To what degree was the translation adopted by the intended audience? With the developed tool kit we unravel a complex, multi-layered translating process that was influenced by the translator, the audience, the cultural and linguistic context as well as the power asymmetries inherent to the process.
Spatial heterogeneity can lead to substantial local variations in COVID-19 timing and severity
Authors: Thomas Loring J. , Huang Peng , Yin Fan , Luo Xiaoshuang Iris , Almquist Zack W. , Hipp John R. , Butts Carter T. 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceWe examine the effects of an uneven population distribution on the spread of the COVID-19 disease spread, using a diffusion model based on interpersonal contact networks. Taking into account spatial heterogeneity, the spread of COVID-19 is much “burstier” than in standard epidemiological models, with substantial local disparities in timing and severity and long lags between local outbreaks. We show that spatial heterogeneity may produce dramatic differences in social exposures to those with the illness, and may stress health care delivery systems in ways that are not well captured by standard SIR-like models.
Dynamical systems in perturbative scalar field cosmology
Authors: Alho Artur , Uggla Claes , Wainwright John 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We derive a new regular dynamical system on a three-dimensional compact state space describing linear scalar perturbations of spatially flat Robertson–Walker geometries for relativistic models with a minimally coupled scalar field with an exponential potential. This enables us to construct the global solution space, illustrated with figures, where known solutions are shown to reside on special invariant sets. We also use our dynamical systems approach to obtain new results about the comoving and uniform density curvature perturbations. Finally we show how to extend our approach to more general scalar field potentials. This leads to state spaces where the state space of the models with an exponential potential appears as invariant boundary sets, thereby illustrating their role as building blocks in a hierarchy of increasingly complex cosmological models.
Obtaining the Bragg curve using a low-cost detector
Authors: Klosowski Allison , Bastos Rodrigo Oliveira 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Bragg curve has special significance for modern medicine. The pronounced peak of energy loss at the end of the heavy charged particle path in matter allows tumors to be treated more accurately with protons and other heavier ions beams. In order to use simple devices to experimentally illustrate the principles involved in the charged particle energy loss in matter, we present how to build a low-cost detector to study the loss of energy of alpha particles in air and obtain the Bragg curve.
Scaling effects and brittle fracture mechanisms in laser punching of PECVD SiO2 films
Authors: Sakaev I , Berg Y , Kotler Z , Ishaaya A A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We experimentally investigate the removal of several microns thick plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition SiO2 films by a localized dynamic fracture due to confined laser–matter interaction with the silicon substrate (punching) using 10 ps laser pulses at 355 nm. A near order of magnitude increase in the punching threshold fluence (from ∼0.1 to ∼1 J cm−2) is observed as the ratio between the spot size and the film thickness is scaled down, in order to produce high aspect ratio openings in the film. An opening radius of about twice the film thickness appears to be an approximate practical limit. A high aspect ratio opening is created by a cone fracture of the film and the ejection of a conoid film segment (flyer). We discuss mechanisms of brittle fracture that may lead to the observed patterns.
Continuous trapping of bacteria in non-Newtonian blood flow using negative dielectrophoresis with quadrupole electrodes
Authors: Ren Qinlong , Liang Chenxing , Wang Zexiao , Qu Z G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Efficient trapping of bacteria from whole blood is essential for point-of-care diagnostics of sepsis at an early stage in order to reduce morbidity and mortality. However, low bacteria concentration and the presence of blood cells hinder the trapping efficiency of bacteria from whole blood. As red blood cells comprise 94.9% of total blood cells, lysing the red blood cells using saponin could effectively attenuate the influence of the blood component on the bacteria-trapping process. In this situation, long-range bacteria trapping from whole blood using a hybrid electrokinetic based lab-on-a-chip device becomes promising. In this paper, through developing a multi-physical lattice Boltzmann method with Langevin dynamics, the continuous trapping process of S. aureus in a microfluidic channel with quadrupole electrodes under combined alternating-current electrothermal electrohydrodynamic force and negative dielectrophoresis force is numerically investigated and optimized at various parametric conditions. Based on the statistical data, a stable bacteria recovery rate of 68.4%–74.5% is successfully achieved with respect to different bacteria densities under appropriate operational conditions of the designed lab-on-a-chip device. The current work demonstrates the potential of continuous bacteria trapping from whole blood using hybrid electrokinetic phenomena.
A new two-dimensional semiconducting carbon allotrope with direct band gap: a first-principles prediction
Authors: Yang Xing , Wang Yuwei , Xiao Ruining , Liu Huanxiang , Bing Zhitong , Zhang Yang , Yao Xiaojun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) carbon materials with an appropriate band gap play important roles in the various electronics fields. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we predict a new 2D carbon allotrope containing 32 atoms, consists of pentagonal, hexagonal, octagonal and decagonal rings. This new allotrope is named as Po-C32, which possesses P4/MMM symmetry with a tetragonal lattice and has a vertical distance of 2.22 Å between the uppermost and undermost atoms. The cohesive energy, phonon band structure, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and elastic constants fitting confirm Po-C32 has high stabilities. The fitted in-plane Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio along
a
and
b
directions are Y

a
= Y

b
= 244 N m−1 and v

a
= v

b
= 0.14, respectively, exhibiting the same mechanical properties along
a
and
b
directions. Interestingly, Po-C32 is a semiconductor with a direct band gap of 2.05 eV, comparable to that of phosphorene, exhibiting great potential in nanoelectronics. Moreover, two stable derivative allotropes are also predicted based on Po-C32. Po-C24-3D is an indirect narrow band gap (1.02 eV) semiconductor, while Po-C32-3D possesses a wider indirect band gap of 3.90 eV, which can be also applied in optoelectronic device.
Nanoscale structural and electrical properties of graphene grown on AlGaN by catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Giannazzo F , Dagher R , Schilirò E , Panasci S E , Greco G , Nicotra G , Roccaforte F , Agnello S , Brault J , Cordier Y , Michon A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The integration of graphene (Gr) with nitride semiconductors is highly interesting for applications in high-power/high-frequency electronics and optoelectronics. In this work, we demonstrated the direct growth of Gr on Al0.5Ga0.5N/sapphire templates by propane (C3H8) chemical vapor deposition at a temperature of 1350 °C. After optimization of the C3H8 flow rate, a uniform and conformal Gr coverage was achieved, which proved beneficial to prevent degradation of AlGaN morphology. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy revealed Ga loss and partial oxidation of Al in the near-surface AlGaN region. Such chemical modification of a ∼2 nm thick AlGaN surface region was confirmed by cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy, which also showed the presence of a bilayer of Gr with partial sp2/sp3 hybridization. Raman spectra indicated that the deposited Gr is nanocrystalline (with domain size ∼7 nm) and compressively strained. A Gr sheet resistance of ∼15.8 kΩ sq−1 was evaluated by four-point-probe measurements, consistently with the nanocrystalline nature of these films. Furthermore, nanoscale resolution current mapping by conductive atomic force microscopy indicated local variations of the Gr carrier density at a mesoscopic scale, which can be ascribed to changes in the charge transfer from the substrate due to local oxidation of AlGaN or to the presence of Gr wrinkles.
Vanadium disulfide for ultrafast photonic application
Authors: Pang Lihui , Li Lu , Wang Rongfeng , Zhao Qiyi , Liu Wenjun , Wu Rongqian , Lv Yi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The investigation of two-dimensional (2D) nonlinear optical materials offers a promising way to construct the high-performance optical devices in fundamental and industrial applications because of their rich distinct optoelectronic properties. Herein, by utilizing the liquid exfoliation method, vanadium disulfide (VS2) nanosheets are prepared and the thickness is measured to be 3.16 nm. In addition, we have fabricated the VS2-based optical device and the nonlinear optical property is characterized with modulation depth of 23.97%. By using VS2 as saturable absorber, a high stable passively mode-locking Er-doped fiber laser is obtained with pulse duration of 169 fs and the largest average output power of 70.5 mW. The slope efficiency is up to 7.9%. In comparison to recent results of mode-locking fiber lasers with 2D materials, the VS2-based fiber laser demonstrates better performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of using VS2 for generating femtosecond mode-locked laser pulse. Our experimental results not only reveal VS2 ultrafast photonics application, but also advance the high-performance applications for information science and nonlinear optics.