bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Ground truth” occurrence of Pink Spinel Anorthosite (PSA) as clasts in lunar meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 15500: Chemical evidence for a genetic relationship with lunar highlands Mg‐suite and formation by magma–wallrock interactions
Authors: Sheikh Daniel , Ruzicka Alex M. , Hutson Melinda L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPink spinel anorthosite (PSA), a distinctive plagioclase and spinel‐rich lithology (spinel >20%) observed on the lunar surface by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) imaging spectrometer, has sparked considerable interest in understanding magmatic processes on the Moon that cannot be explained by the well‐established lunar magma ocean paradigm. Competing ideas on the PSA‐forming mechanisms have invoked either (1) impact melting of troctolitic source rocks on the lunar surface or (2) magma–wallrock interactions between anorthositic crust and Mg‐suite parental melts, but have been difficult to evaluate given the lack of ground truth samples. Here, we investigate the textures and mineral compositions of seven PSA clasts in lunar meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 15500, and the bulk trace element compositions of a PSA clast separate and NWA 15500 host lithologies A and B. Our findings suggest derivation of PSA from an incompatible‐element‐poor source and are consistent with PSA representing an Mg‐suite lithology genetically related to pink spinel troctolites that reflects increased degrees of crustal assimilation during magma–wallrock interactions, and a sourcing of PSA far from the Procellarum KREEP Terrane. Excavation of PSA material was followed by multiple, subsequent localized impact events, resulting in the formation of Lithologies A and B.
Population Dynamics and the Microbiome in a Wild Boreal Mammal: The Snowshoe Hare Cycle and Impacts of Diet, Season and Predation Risk
Authors: Stothart Mason R. , Lavergne Sophia , McCaw Laura , Singh Hardeep , de Vega Wilfred , Amato Katherine , Poissant Jocelyn , Boonstra Rudy 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe North American boreal forest is a massive ecosystem, and its keystone herbivore is the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus). Hares are exposed to considerable environmental extremes in diet and weather, food availability, and predation risk. Gut microbiomes have been suggested to facilitate adaptive animal responses to environmental change, but severe environmental challenges to homeostasis can also disrupt host‐microbiome relationships. To better understand gut microbiome contributions to animal acclimation, we studied the faecal bacterial microbiome of wild hares across two types of extreme environmental change that are integral to their natural history: (1) seasonal transitions between summer and winter, and (2) changes over the ~10 year ‘boom‐bust’ population cycles that are characterised by shifting food resource availability and predation pressure. When compared to summer, hares in winter had lower bacterial richness and were depleted in 20 families (including Oxalobacteraceae and Christensenellaceae) but enriched for Ruminococcaceae (a family which contains plant fibre degrading bacteria) alongside nine other bacterial groups. Marked bacterial microbiome differences also occurred across phases of the population cycle. Bacterial microbiomes were lower in richness and compositionally distinct in the peak compared to the increase or decline phases of the population cycle. Direct measures of host physiology and diet quality (faecal fibre contents) most strongly supported food resource availability as a mechanism underlying phase‐based differences in bacterial communities, but faecal fibre contents could not fully account for bacterial microbiome variation across phases.
Mental fatigue causes significant activation of the prefrontal cortex: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of fNIRS studies
Authors: Yan Yunyun , Guo Yi , Zhou Dan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMental fatigue, a psychobiological prevalent and underestimated condition, is defined by increased lethargy and impaired concentration. This condition is not restricted by age and is exacerbated by various predisposing factors. Prolonged mental fatigue in occupational environments raises the probability of accidents or fatalities. Its fundamental mechanism is largely obscure and inherently subjective, thus there is no universally accepted parameter for its detection. Recently, there has been an increase in research that focuses on the use of functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to observe changes in brain hemoglobin during mental fatigue. Thus, this study assessed the reliability of oxygenhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin as fatigue biomarkers and conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies which used fNIRS to monitor mental fatigue. The findings revealed significant activation of the prefrontal lobe under mental fatigue, and its activation level is intricately associated with the monitoring of diverse states during mental fatigue. Importantly, the type of induced mental fatigue and whether pre‐trial training was provided to subjects were independent of the prefrontal lobe activation level. Overall, fNIRS proves to be an effective tool in tracking brain activity during mental fatigue, with a highly active prefrontal cortex acting as a dependable indicator for early identification of mental fatigue.
Two‐Dimensional Fractional Discrete Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations: Dispersion Relations, Rogue Waves, Fundamental, and Vortex Solitons
Authors: Zhong Ming , Malomed Boris A. , Song Jin , Yan Zhenya 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe introduce physically relevant new models of two‐dimensional (2D) fractional lattice media accounting for the interplay of fractional intersite coupling and onsite self‐focusing. Our approach features novel discrete fractional operators based on an appropriately modified definition of the continuous Riesz fractional derivative. The model of the 2D isotropic lattice employs the discrete fractional Laplacian, whereas the 2D anisotropic system incorporates discrete fractional derivatives acting independently along orthogonal directions with different Lévy indices (LIs). We derive exact linear dispersion relations (DRs), and identify spectral bands that permit linear modes to exist, finding them to be similar to their continuous counterparts, apart from differences in the wavenumber range. Additionally, the modulational instability in the discrete models is studied in detail, and, akin to the linear DRs, it is found to align with the situation in continuous models. This consistency highlights the nature of our newly defined discrete fractional derivatives. Furthermore, using Gaussian inputs, we produce a variety of rogue‐wave structures. By means of numerical methods, we systematically construct families of 2D fundamental and vortex solitons, and examine their stability. Fundamental solitons maintain the stability due to the discrete nature of the interactions, preventing the onset of the critical and supercritical collapse. On the other hand, vortex solitons are unstable in the isotropic lattice model. However, the anisotropic one—in particular, its symmetric version with equal LIs acting in both directions—maintains stable vortex solitons with winding numbers and . The detailed results stress the robustness of the newly defined discrete fractional Laplacian in supporting well‐defined soliton modes in the 2D lattice media.
Comparison of end‐to‐side versus side‐to‐side jejunocecostomy in horses
Authors: Moyer Elizabeth K. , Bauck Anje G. , Denagamage Thomas , Freeman David E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo compare end‐to‐side (ES) and side‐to‐side (SS) jejunocecostomy (JC) in healthy horses.Study designExperimental study in vivo.AnimalsA total of 14 healthy adult horses underwent ventral midline celiotomy, a resection, and either an ES (n = 7) or stapled SS (n = 7) JC.MethodsSurgical times and the external lengths of completed anastomoses were measured. Physical examinations and pain scoring were performed every 6 h for 5 days, then once daily until euthanasia and necropsy 28 days postoperatively.ResultsThe anastomosis was completed more rapidly (p < .002) with the SS JC (mean 44.21 ± 4.91 min) than the ES JC (mean 54.24 ± 4.59 min). One horse in the ES group developed colic from an ischemic anastomosis and was euthanized. Three horses (1 ES JC and 2 SS JC) exhibited mild colic postoperatively, and the remaining horses had no complications. Postoperative heart rates and pain scores were similar between groups (p < .16 and p < .67, respectively). The internal length of the anastomosis was significantly larger (p < .001) in the SS JC (mean 9.27 ± 1.05 cm) than the ES JC (mean 6.31 ± 1.4 cm) at necropsy.ConclusionBoth methods for JC were well tolerated and functional in both groups using the selected protocols for anesthesia, surgery and aftercare.Clinical significanceThis study provides evidence that both stapled SS JC and handsewn ES JC are acceptable for use in clinical cases, although additional procedures are required to maximize lumen size with the ES JC.
Effect of vermicompost, intercropping, and seedbed types on Striga hermonthica infestation and sorghum production in East Hararghe, Ethiopia
Authors: Ebbisa Addisu F. , Dechassa Nigussie , Bekeko Zelalem , Liben Feyera 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStriga hermonthica is the most devastating parasitic weed affecting the productivity of cereal crops in Sub‐Saharan Africa. The key challenge for controlling this weed is identifying the optimal management strategies that simultaneously reduce Striga infection while boosting crop productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the potential role of intercropping, vermicompost, and seedbed types on the level of S. hermonthica infestation and sorghum productivity in 2021 and 2022 years. The treatments consisted of three factors: (i) three sowing methods (sole‐cropped sorghum (SS), intercropped sorghum with Babile‐1 (SB1), and Babile‐2 (SB2) groundnut varieties); (ii) four levels of vermicompost (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 t/ha); and (iii) two seedbed types (open‐furrow and tied‐ridge). The results indicated that pure‐stand sorghum in open‐furrow planting without fertilizer had the tallest height (60 cm), the heaviest dry weight (39 g) as well as the highest Area under Striga Number Progress Curve (ASNPC) (>1200) in the first year with substantial reduction in successive year. The combination of 4.5 t/ha vermicompost, tied‐ridge, and groundnut intercropping gave the maximum sorghum panicle weight (151 g/plant), stover yield (14.21 t/ha), and grain yield (6.01 t/ha) in the year 2022. The greatest grain yield observed at 4.5 t/ha vermicompost under tied‐ridge with SB2 was nearly three times higher than the plot without vermicompost application. This treatment combination significantly suppresses S. hermonthica infestation while improving sorghum yield attributes. Thus, it could reduce food insecurity in the lowlands of Ethiopia via improving sorghum productivity, resources use efficiency, and soil health.
Exposure to West Nile Virus in Wild Lagomorphs in Spanish Mediterranean Ecosystems
Authors: Castro‐Scholten Sabrina , Caballero‐Gómez Javier , Bravo‐Barriga Daniel , Llorente Francisco , Cano‐Terriza David , Jiménez‐Clavero Miguel Ángel , Jiménez‐Martín Débora , Camacho‐Sillero Leonor , García‐Bocanegra Ignacio 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWest Nile virus (WNV) is the most widely distributed mosquito‐borne flavivirus. Over the past decade, its spread across Europe has raised significant concerns for both public and animal health. Although WNV exposure has been evidenced in various wild mammal species in Spain, no seroepidemiological studies have been conducted on this flavivirus in wild lagomorphs so far.AimThis study aimed to assess WNV exposure in European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) populations inhabiting Spanish Mediterranean ecosystems.MethodsSera from 540 wild lagomorphs (399 European wild rabbit and 141 Iberian hares), from 106 hunting grounds distributed throughout Andalusia (southern Spain), were collected between the 2018/2019 and 2022/2023 hunting seasons.ResultsAntibodies against flavivirus were detected by blocking enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) in 5.0% (27/540; 95% CI: 3.2–6.8) of the wild lagomorphs. Exposure to WNV was confirmed in 4.8% (19/394; 95% CI: 2.7–6.9) of wild rabbits and 0.7% (1/141; 95% CI: 0.0–2.1) of Iberian hares by virus microneutralisation test. Anti‐WNV antibodies were found in wild lagomorphs sampled from three (2.8%) hunting grounds located in western Andalusia during the seasons 2020–2021 and 2021–2022. Remarkably, this spatiotemporal distribution overlaps with the largest outbreak of WNV in Spain. Antibodies against Usutu virus and Bagaza virus were not detected in the wild lagomorph populations analysed.ConclusionsThis study constitutes the first report of WNV exposure in wild rabbit in Spain and in Iberian hare worldwide. While these species seem not play a primary role in the epidemiology of the virus, they could serve as sentinel for monitoring WNV in Iberian Mediterranean ecosystems.
Transformer-Based Offline Printing Strategy Design for Large Format Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Xie Haoyang , Hoskins Dylan , Rowe Kyle , Ju Feng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the realm of large format additive manufacturing (LFAM), determining an effective printing strategy before actual printing involves predicting temperature behaviors and controlling layer time, which has consistently been challenging. Currently, temperature prediction for controlling layer time in LFAM is primarily conducted through offline simulations or online monitoring. However, these approaches are typically tailored to specific cases and lack generalizability. Consequently, there exists a significant gap in the development of a universal model that can leverage historical data to predict temperature across various new geometries and positions. In this article, a novel approach to optimize printing strategies for LFAM is proposed through the development and application of a transformer-based model focused on the dynamic prediction and management of temperature profiles across the print surface. Subsequently, the authors input the predicted temperature into an optimization model to determine the optimal layer time. A series of experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Using historical temperature data collected from the real printing processes, the model demonstrated a high degree of accuracy in predicting temperature profiles for new design, enabling the optimization of layer time settings far beyond the capabilities of traditional fixed-time methods. This process significantly enhances the printing strategy, thereby increasing both the efficiency of the printing process and the quality of the printed objects.
A Method for Synthesizing Ontology-Based Textual Design Datasets: Evaluating the Potential of Large Language Model in Domain-Specific Dataset Generation
Authors: Qiu Yunjian , Jin Yan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In engineering disciplines, leveraging generative language models requires using specialized datasets for training or fine-tuning the preexisting models. Compiling these domain-specific datasets is a complex endeavor, demanding significant human effort and resources. To address the problem of domain-specific dataset scarcity, this study investigates the potential of generative large language models (LLMs) in creating synthetic domain-specific textual datasets for engineering design domains. By harnessing the advanced capabilities of LLMs, such as GPT-4, a systematic methodology was developed to create high-fidelity datasets using designed prompts, evaluated against a manually labeled benchmark dataset through various computational measurements without human intervention. Findings suggest that well-designed prompts can significantly enhance the quality of domain-specific synthetic datasets with reduced manual effort. The research highlights the importance of prompt design in eliciting precise, domain-relevant information and discusses the balance between dataset robustness and richness. It is demonstrated that a language model trained on synthetic datasets can achieve a level of performance comparable to that of human-labeled, domain-specific datasets in terms of quality, offering a strategic solution to the limitations imposed by dataset shortages in engineering domains. The implications for design thinking processes are particularly noteworthy, with the potential to assist designers through GPT-4's structured reasoning capabilities. This work presents a complete guide for domain-specific dataset generation, automated evaluation metrics, and insights into the interplay between data robustness and comprehensiveness.
Design and Analysis of a Mobile Robot With Transformable Wheel-Legged Mechanism
Authors: Li Haibo , Xie Zijian , Cao Yu , Zhang Rong , Qin Jianjun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a mobile robot with transformable wheel-legged mechanism is proposed to effectively cope with unstructured terrain in the work environment, especially steps. By using the combination of ratchet-crank-pilot bar mechanism and elastic element, the reliability of the deformation process of the robot wheel is ensured, the number of actuators required is reduced, and the efficiency of the drive system is improved. The kinematic analysis of deformation mechanism of the robot is carried out, and the mechanical study of its deformation process is carried out. Based on the kinematic model of the robot, the important factors affecting the robot's success in climbing over the step are analyzed, and a method is proposed to evaluate the step-climbing performance of the robot's transformable wheel-legged mechanism. The structural dimensions of the transformable wheel-legged mechanism were optimized by using the multi-objective artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (MOAHA) to provide a better step-climbing performance. In addition, the key factors affecting the robot's step climbing performance were verified by a virtual prototype, and a physical prototype was also designed and tested in real environments, and the results verified the good performance of this robot in terms of terrain adaptability.
Rational design and characterization of enhanced alcohol-inducible synthetic promoters in
Pichia pastoris
Authors: Liu Qi , Li Yun-hao , Tao Liu-fei , Yang Jia-yi , Zhang Yi-lun , Cai Meng-hao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

The C1 and C2 alcohols hold great promise as substrates for biomanufacturing due to their low cost and rich resources.
Pichia pastoris
is considered a preferred host for methanol and ethanol bioconversion due to its natural utilization of methanol and ethanol. However, the scarcity of strong and tightly regulated alcohol-inducible promoters limits its extended use. This study aimed to develop enhanced methanol- and ethanol-inducible promoters capable of improving gene expression in
P. pastoris
. Rational design strategies were employed to rewire the upstream regulatory sequence of the methanol-inducible P

AOX1

, generating several high-strength methanol-inducible promoters with a stringent regulatory pattern. Eleven strong promoters were identified from 36 endogenous ethanol-inducible candidates recognized from transcriptome analysis. Core promoter regions, the crucial element influencing transcriptional strength, were also characterized. Five high-activity core promoters were then combined with four upstream regulatory sequences of high-strength promoters, resulting in four groups of synthetic promoters. Ultimately, the highly active methanol-inducible P

A13

and ethanol-inducible P

0688

and P

synIV-5

were selected for the expression of an α-amylase and yielded enzyme activity 1.6, 2.6, and 4.5 times higher as compared to that of P

AOX1

. This work expands the genetic toolkit available for
P. pastoris
, providing more precise and efficient options for regulating gene expression. It benefits the use of
P. pastoris
as an efficient platform for the C1 and C2 alcohol-based biotransformation in industrial biotechnology.

IMPORTANCE

P. pastoris
represents a preferred microbial host for the bio-utilization of C1 and C2 alcohols that are regarded as renewable carbon sources based on clean energy. However, lack of efficient and regulated expression tools highly limits the C1 and C2 alcohols based bioproduction. By exploring high-strength and strictly regulated alcohol-inducible promoters, this study expands the expression toolkit for
P. pastoris
on C1 and C2 alcohols. The newly developed methanol-inducible P

A13

and ethanol-inducible P

synIV-5

demonstrate significantly higher expression levels than the commercial P

AOX1

system. The endogenous and synthetic promoter series established in this study provides new construction references and alternative tools for expression control in
P. pastoris
for C1 and C2 alcohols based biomanufacturing.
A relay race of ESCRT-III paralogs drives cell division in a hyperthermophilic archaeon
Authors: Liu Junfeng , Lelek Mickaël , Yang Yunfeng , Salles Audrey , Zimmer Christophe , Shen Yulong , Krupovic Mart 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Cell division is a fundamental process ensuring the perpetuation of all cellular life forms. Archaea of the order Sulfolobales divide using a simpler version of the eukaryotic endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, composed of three ESCRT-III homologs (ESCRT-III, -III-1, and -III-2), AAA+ ATPase Vps4 and an archaea-specific component CdvA. Here, we clarify how these components act sequentially to drive the division of the hyperthermophilic archaeon
Saccharolobus islandicus
. Our data suggest that ESCRT-III plays an active role during the early stage of membrane constriction during cytokinesis, whereas ESCRT-III-1 and ESCRT-III-2 are indispensable for the “pre-late” and “late” stages of cytokinesis, respectively. In the
escrt-III-1
deletion strain, the division is blocked when the mid-cell constriction reaches ~30% of the initial cell diameter (“pre-late” stage), yielding “chain-like” cellular aggregates. Depletion of ESCRT-III-2 leads to the accumulation of cells connected through narrow membrane bridges (“late” stage), consistent with the key role of this protein in the final membrane abscission. We used 3D-single molecule localization microscopy to image ESCRT-III rings of different diameters and show that the decrease in the ESCRT-III ring diameter and membrane constriction are inconsistent with a mechanism exclusively based on spiraling of the ESCRT-III filaments. By contrast, the cone-shaped assemblies of ESCRT-III-1 and ESCRT-III-2 are consistent with spiral formation, highlighting the distinct roles of the three ESCRT-III proteins during the cytokinesis. We propose the “relay race” model, whereby the cytokinesis is achieved through a sequential and concerted action of different ESCRT machinery components.

IMPORTANCE

Two major cytokinesis mechanisms, rooted in contractile FtsZ and endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) rings, respectively, have emerged in the course of evolution. Whereas bacteria rely on the FtsZ-based mechanism, different lineages of archaea use either of the two systems, and eukaryotes have inherited the ESCRT-based cell division machinery from their archaeal ancestors. The mechanism of ESCRT-based cell division in archaea remains poorly understood and mechanistic studies on different archaeal model systems are essential to unravel the natural history of the ESCRT machinery. Here we investigate the interplay between three major ESCRT-III homologs during the division of a hyperthermophilic archaeon
Saccharolobus islandicus
and propose the “relay race” model of cytokinesis.