bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nomogram for Prediction of the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS) Grade B/C Posthepatectomy Liver Failure in HBV-related Hepatocellular carcinoma Patients: an external validation and prospective application study
Authors: Ye Jiazhou , Mai Rong-yun , Guo Wei-xing , Wang Yan-yan , Ma Liang , Xiang Bang-de , Lau Wan-Yee , Cheng Shu-qun , Li Le-qun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background & Aims: To develop a nomogram for predicting the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS) grade B/C posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Methods: Patients initially treated with hepatectomy were included. Univariate regression analysis and stochastic forest algorithm were applied to extract the core indicators and reduce redundancy bias. The nomogram was then constructed by using multivariate logistic regression, and validated in internal and external cohorts, and a prospective clinical application. Results: There were 900, 300 and 387 participants in training, internal and external validation cohorts, with the morbidity of grade B/C PHLF were 13.5%, 11.6% and 20.2%, respectively. The nomogram was generated by integrating preoperative total bilirubin, platelet count, prealbumin, aspartate aminotransferase, prothrombin time and standard future liver remnant volume, then achieved good prediction performance in training (AUC=0.868, 95%CI=0.808–0.880), internal validation (AUC=0.868, 95%CI=0.794–0.916) and external validation cohorts (AUC=0.820, 95%CI=0.756–0.861), with well-fitted calibration curves. Negative predictive values were significantly higher than positive predictive values in training cohort (97.6% vs. 33.0%), internal validation cohort (97.4% vs. 25.9%) and external validation cohort (94.3% vs. 41.1%), respectively. Patients who had a nomogram score <169 or ≧169 were considered to have low or high risk of grade B/C PHLF. Prospective application of the nomogram accurately predicted grade B/C PHLF in clinical practise. Conclusions: The nomogram has a good performance in predicting ISGLS grade B/C PHLF in HBV-related HCC patients and determining appropriate candidates for hepatectomy.
Inhibition of glucose assimilation in Auxenochlorella protothecoides by light
Authors: Xiao Yibo , Guo Jianying , Zhu Huachang , Muhammad Anwar , Deng Haiteng , Hu Zhangli , Wu Qingyu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The yield of microalgae biomass is the key to affect the accumulation of fatty acids. A few of microalgae can assimilate organic carbon to improve biomass yield. In mixotrophic cultivation, organic carbon source and light energy exist simultaneously. The preference of the main energy source by microalgae determines the biomass yield. Auxenochlorella protothecoides is an oleaginous mixotrophic microalga that can efficiently assimilate glucose and accumulate a large amount of biomass and fatty acids. The current study focused on the effect of light on the growth and glucose assimilation of Auxenochlorella protothecoides.Results: In this study, we found that the uptake and metabolism of glucose could be inhibited by light, resulting in a reduction of biomass growth and lipid accumulation. Comparative proteomics of A. protothecoides grown under illumination and in the dark revealed that glucose-3-phosphate (G3P) produced in the dark reaction of photosynthesis could reversibly inhibit the glycolysis pathway and thus glucose metabolism. Moreover, the increase of NADH levels and redox potential of the medium under illumination might inhibit the activity of the glucose transport system and subsequently reduce glucose uptake.Conclusions: The regulatory mechanism by which illumination controls glucose assimilation and biomass accumulation in A. protothecoides was elucidated for the first time, which will facilitate further studies on the complex mechanisms underlying the transition from autotrophy to heterotrophy for improving biomass accumulation.
Coping style, social support and psychological distress in the general Chinese population in the early stages of the COVID-2019 epidemic
Authors: Yu Hua , Li Mingli , Li Zhixiong , Xiang Weiyi , Yuan Yiwen , Liu Yaya , Li Zhe , Xiong Zhenzhen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological status of the general population in mainland China during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to explore the factors influencing psychological distress, in order to provide the basis for further psychological intervention programs.MethodsWe administered three questionnaires on-line to a convenience sample of the general population from different regions of mainland China from February 1 to February 4, 2020. We used the Mandarin versions of the six-item Kessler psychological distress scale (K6), the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). We also collected demographic data and other information related to the COVID-19 outbreak. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing psychological distress.ResultsOf 1607 respondents, 1588 returned valid questionnaires and were included in the analysis. Nearly one quarter (22.8%) had high levels of psychological distress (K6 score ≥ 13). Individuals with higher psychological distress spent more time searching for information about COVID-19, had a history of contact with epidemic areas, more frequently adopted a negative coping style, and reported less social support than those with lower psychological distress.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 outbreak in China has a great impact on the mental health status of the general population. Positive coping strategies and increased social support are significantly correlated with decreased psychological distress, and may serve as the basis for psychological interventions.
Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus in golden Syrian hamsters
Authors: Sia Sin Fun , Yan Li-Meng , Chin Alex WH , Fung Kevin , Poon Leo LM , Nicholls John M , Peiris Malik , Yen Hui-Ling 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus with high nucleotide identity to SARS-CoV and SARS-related coronaviruses detected in horseshoe bats is spreading across the world and impacting the healthcare systems and global economy1,2. A suitable small animal model is urgently needed to support the development of vaccines and antiviral treatments against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We report the pathogenesis and transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 in the golden Syrian hamster model. The SARS-CoV-2 virus replicated in the epithelial cells of respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated viral antigens in the areas of lung consolidation on day 2 and 5 post- inoculation, followed by rapid viral clearance and tissue repairing on day 7. Viral antigen was also detected in the epithelial cells of duodenum without apparent inflammatory response on day 2. Notably, we observed that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can be transmitted efficiently from the inoculated hamsters to co-housed naïve contact hamsters. The inoculated hamsters and naturally-infected hamsters lost greater than 10% of the body weight, and all animals recovered with the detection of neutralizing antibodies within 14 days. Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection in golden Syrian hamsters resemble features found in human patients with mild infections.Authors Sin Fun Sia, Li-Meng Yan, and Alex WH Chin contributed equally to this work.
Evolution of the relationship between total suspended solids concentration and turbidity during flushing sequences of water pipes
Authors: Pourcel Florent , Duchesne Sophie , Ouellet Maxim 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Particle accumulation and circulation in water distribution systems are significant in the development of good management practices to protect against discoloration events, which are a major cause of water customer complaints. Quantifying the amount of particles deposited in water pipes is usually done by obtaining total suspended solid measurements while performing flushing sequences, which requires time, skills, and equipment. Some authors explored the possibility of rapidly approximating total suspended solids concentration (TSSC) in water pipes by measuring water turbidity on site, but they obtained different results and coefficients of correlation. This paper presents the results of tests performed in the laboratory on a test loop. Unidirectional flushing (UDF) and air scouring sequences were performed under various hydraulic conditions and two different particle origins. Samples were obtained along each sequence, and the turbidity and TSSC were measured. The results illustrate that the ratio between turbidity and TSSC may vary greatly between samples, up to 10 times during UDF sequences and 20 times during air scouring sequences. Particle origin, flushing method, and sampling time are all factors impacting the turbidity/TSSC ratio. This is why TSSC should not be estimated from a single turbidity reading.
Limitations in using runoff coefficients for green and gray roof design
Authors: Schärer Lotte Askeland , Busklein Jan Ove , Sivertsen Edvard , Muthanna Tone M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClimate change combined with urbanization increases the performance demand on urban drainage systems. Green roofs are one of the most used green infrastructure measures to alleviate the pressure on the urban drainage system through the detention and retention of runoff. The rational method with the runoff coefficient (C) is one of the most commonly used design tools for stormwater design in Norway. This method relies on a runoff coefficient being available for green roofs, which is typically not the case. This paper compares laboratory and experimental field studies to investigate runoff coefficients from different types of detention-based roofs. The methodology described in the German ‘FLL Guideline’, one of the world's most commonly used green roof standards, was used to measure the runoff coefficients for the different components making up a typical green roof. The contribution from each layer is reflected in the runoff coefficients. The runoff coefficients from the field experiments were calculated using observed precipitation and runoff from existing green roofs in Oslo, Trondheim, Sandnes, and Bergen, Norway. Events that had a cumulative precipitation comparable to the laboratory events, but longer durations, were selected. These events gave significantly lower and varying runoff coefficients, clearly demonstrating the limitation of choosing a suitable runoff coefficient for a given roof. However, laboratory experiments are important in understanding the underlying flow processes in the different layers in a detention-based roof.
Detection and attribution of flood responses to precipitation change and urbanization: a case study in Qinhuai River Basin, Southeast China
Authors: Bian Guodong , Du Jinkang , Song Mingming , Zhang Xueliang , Zhang Xingqi , Li Runjie , Wu Sengyao , Duan Zheng , Xu Chong-Yu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Both flood magnitude and frequency might change under the changing environment. In this study, a procedure combining statistical methods, flood frequency analysis and attribution analysis was proposed to investigate the response of floods to urbanization and precipitation change in the Qinhuai River Basin, an urbanized basin located in Southeast China, over the period from 1986 to 2013. The Mann–Kendall test was employed to detect the gradual trend of the annual maximum streamflow and the peaks over threshold series. The frequency analysis was applied to estimate the changes in the magnitude and frequency of floods between the baseline period (1986–2001) and urbanization period (2002–2013). An attribution analysis was proposed to separate the effects of precipitation change and urbanization on flood sizes between the two periods. Results showed that: (1) there are significant increasing trends in medium and small flood series according to the Mann–Kendall test; (2) the mean and threshold values of flood series in the urbanization period were larger than those in the baseline period, while the standard deviation, coefficient of variation and coefficient of skewness of flood series were both higher during the baseline period than those during the urbanization period; (3) the flood magnitude was higher during the urbanization period than that during the baseline period at the same return period. The relative changes in magnitude were larger for small floods than for big floods from the baseline period to the urbanization period; (4) the contributions of urbanization on floods appeared to amplify with the decreasing return period, while the effects of precipitation diminish. The procedure presented in this study could be useful to detect the changes of floods in the changing environment and conduct the attribution analysis of flood series. The findings of this study are beneficial to further understanding interactions between flood behavior and the drivers, thereby improving flood management in urbanized basins.
Assessing the factors influencing the performance of constructed wetland–microbial fuel cell integration
Authors: Jingyu Huang , Miwornunyuie Nicholas , Ewusi-Mensah David , Koomson Desmond Ato 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Constructed wetland coupled microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) systems integrate an aerobic zone and an anaerobic zone to treat wastewater and to generate bioenergy. The concept evolves based on the principles of constructed wetlands and plant MFC (one form of photosynthetic MFC) technologies, of which all contain plants. CW-MFC have been used in a wide range of application since their introduction in 2012 for wastewater treatment and electricity generation. However, there are few reports on the individual components and their performance on CW-MFC efficiency. The performance and efficiency of this technology are significantly influenced by several factors such as the organic load and sewage composition, hydraulic retention time, cathode dissolved oxygen, electrode materials and wetland plants. This paper reviews the influence of the macrophyte (wetland plants) component, substrate material, microorganisms, electrode material and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on CW-MFC performance in wastewater treatment and electricity generation. The study assesses the relationship between these parameters and discusses progress in the development of this integrated system to date.
Does influent C/N ratio affect pollutant removal and greenhouse gas emission in wastewater ecological soil infiltration systems with/without intermittent aeration?
Authors: Pang Junling , Yang Mo , Tong Deli , Fu Xu , Huang Linli , Sun Bo , Pan Jing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Wastewater ecological soil infiltration system (WESIS) is a land treatment technology for decentralized wastewater treatment that has been applied all over the world. In this study, the pollutant removal, emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and functional gene abundances with different influent C/N ratios were evaluated in WESISs with/without intermittent aeration. Intermittent aeration and influent C/N ratio affect pollutant removal and GHG emission. Increased influent C/N ratio led to high total nitrogen (TN) removal, low CH4 and N2O emission in the aerated WESIS, which was different from the non-aerated WESIS. High average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (94.8%), NH4+-N (95.1%), TN (91.2%), total phosphorus (TP) (91.1%) and low emission rates for CH4 (27.2 mg/(m2 d)) and N2O (10.5 mg/(m2 d)) were achieved with an influent C/N ratio of 12:1 in the aerated WESIS. Intermittent aeration enhanced the abundances of bacterial 16S rRNA, amoA, nxrA, narG, napA, nirK, nirS, qnorB, nosZ genes and decreased the abundances of the mcrA gene, which are involved in pollutant removal and GHG emission. Intermittent aeration would be an effective alternative to achieving high pollutant removal and low CH4 and N2O emission in high influent C/N ratio wastewater treatment.
Screening and Interaction Analysis of Key Genes in miR-542-3p Over- Expressed Osteosarcoma Cells by Bioinformatics
Authors: Li Zhongqiu , Zhang Peng , Feng Feifei , Zhang Qiao 
Published: April 2020

Background:Osteosarcoma is one of the most serious primary malignant bone tumors that threaten the lives of children and adolescents. However, the mechanism underlying and how to prevent or treat the disease have not been well understood.Aims & Objective:This aim of the present study was to identify the key genes and explore novel insights into the molecular mechanism of miR-542-3p over-expressed Osteosarcoma.Materials & Methods:Gene expression profile data GDS5367 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using GEO2R, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed using the DAVID database. And protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by the STRING database. In addition, the most highly connected module was screened by plugin MCODE and hub genes by plugin CytoHubba. Furthermore, UALCAN and The Cancer Genome Atlas were performed for survival analysis.Result:In total, 1421 DEGs were identified, including 598 genes were up-regulated and 823 genes were down-regulated. GO analysis showed that DEGs were classified into three groups and DEGs mainly enriched in Steroid biosynthesis, Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and p53 signaling pathway. Six hub genes (UBA52, RNF114, UBE2H, TRIP12, HNRNPC, and PTBP1) may be key genes with the progression of osteosarcoma.Conclusion:The results could better understand the mechanism of osteosarcoma, which may facilitate a novel insight into treatment targets.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded and Processed Joints with the Addition of Nanoparticles: A Review
Authors: Ghahremani-Moghadam Danial , Khaleghian Seyedmeysam 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is an efficient process for solid-state joining of
two different material without melting by using a non-consumable tool. FSW process was developed
for the modification of metallic material microstructure. FSW requires a precise investigation of the
process, microstructure, and the welds mechanical properties in order to be used in the fabrication of
high- quality engineering components. Through the efforts of improving the weld's mechanical and
microstructural properties and conveying the current knowledge of the friction stir to other applications,
multiple new technologies have been developed over the time. One of the latest methods to fabricate
high performance joints or Nanocomposites alloys is the addition of nano- reinforcements to the
joint in Friction Stir Welding (FSW) or the metal matrix in Friction Stir Processing (FSP).

Objective:
In this study, an overview of effect of nanoparticles on mn this study, an overview of the effect of nanoparticles on microstructural and mechanical
properties of the FSW/ FSP joints is presented. The review revealed that the most widely employed
additions are SiC, SiO2, Al2O3, and graphite nano-powders. Microstructural evolutions, such as grain
size, second phase particles, and reinforcement distribution, usually are investigated using optical
methods and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the
joints, such as tensile strength, hardness, and wear performance, are also investigated. Based on most
of the researches, microstructural evolution associated with adding nanoparticles led to improve the
joints mechanical properties.icrostructural and mechanical properties of the FSW/ FSP joints is
presented. The review revealed that the most widely employed additions are SiC, SiO2, Al2O3, and graphite nano-powders.
Microstructural evolutions such as grain size, second phase particles and reinforcement distribution usually are investigated using
optical methods and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the joints, such as tensile
strength, hardness, and wear performance, are also investigated Based on most of researches, microstructural evolution associated
with adding nanoparticles led to improve the joints’ mechanical properties.
MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION IN SALAF PESANTREN AND PREVENTION OF RELIGIOUS RADICALISM IN INDONESIA
Authors: Marzuki Marzuki , Miftahuddin Miftahuddin , Murdiono Mukhamad 
Published: April 2020

Islamic boarding school (pesantren) is the oldest Islamic educational institution in Indonesia. Pesantren is recognized as one of the institutions that can encourage the realization of multiculturalism amongst Muslims. However, recently pesantren has been alleged to be one of the centers for the spread of religious radicalism. This study is aimed at analyzing multicultural education in salaf (traditional) pesantren, that is appropriate and be able to prevent the growth and development of religious radicalism in Indonesia. The study is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach involving four salaf pesantrens in Java; namely Al-Qadir Pesantren of Sleman Yogyakarta, Dar al-Tauhid of Cirebon, Roudlatuth Thalibin of Rembang, and Tebuireng of Jombang. The research data were collected by observation, interviews, documentation, and focus-group discussions (FGD). Data were analyzed using an interactive technique. Findings showed that the forms of multicultural education at the four salaf pesantrens generally have similarities in the application of multiculturalism core values. However, each pesantren has its own specific peculiarities. The various cultures built up by the four caregivers of the salaf pesantrens have been effective to prevent the growth and development of religious radicalism at the pesantren, particularly, and in the society, more generally.