bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain Transplant and Personal Identity
Authors: Jung Kevin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Should Christians support the view that one’s psychological continuity is the main criterion of personal identity? Is the continuity of one’s brain or memory states necessary and sufficient for the identicalness of the person? This paper investigates the plausibility of the psychological continuity theory of personal identity, which holds that the criterion of personal identity is certain psychological continuity between persons existing at different times. I argue that the psychological continuity theory in its various forms suffers from interminable problems. Then, I introduce an alternate account of personal identity, according to which personal identity is not further analyzable in terms of qualitative properties (“suchnesses”) of persons. Rather, persons are individuated by their primitive thisnesses (haecceities), which are nonqualitative properties of immaterial substances (or souls). This alternate conception of personal identity would be of particular relevance to those who believe in the immortality of the soul and are looking for a nonphysicalist account of personal identity.
Individual Variation in Glucocorticoid Plasticity: Considerations and Future Directions
Authors: Guindre-Parker Sarah 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis regulates the secretion of glucocorticoids, hormones with diverse roles ranging from regulating daily metabolic demand to coping with sudden perturbations. As a result, glucocorticoids are thought to help vertebrates track their changing environments and coordinate plasticity in diverse phenotypes. While this endocrine system is highly plastic—where one individual can produce multiple phenotypes across varying environmental conditions—little is understood about the degree to which individuals, populations, or species differ in circulating glucocorticoid plasticity. Empirical research quantifying individual variation in glucocorticoid plasticity has increased in recent years, though the multiple complex roles of the HPA-axis make it challenging to generalize the extent to which individual variation in plasticity exists. I provide an overview of current findings on variation in glucocorticoids plasticity, and outline multiple types of glucocorticoid plasticity researchers should consider in future work to advance our understanding of the causes and consequences of individual variation in glucocorticoid plasticity.
Trust and Support for Comprehensive Trade Agreements in the European Parliament
Authors: Norrevik Sara 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Comprehensive Trade Agreements (CTAs) constitute a new generation of free trade agreements, which challenge traditional models of trade preferences. To understand preferences toward CTAs I present a new predictor, trust in government, that explains support for CTAs in the European Parliament. I develop a unified framework that includes economic and noneconomic factors to explain trade preferences, and analyze support for three recent CTAs: the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), the Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement with Canada (CETA), and the EU-Korea Free Trade Agreement. Using an original dataset on trade voting and a multilevel model, I show that higher levels of citizens’ trust in government make Members of the European Parliament more likely to vote in favor of CTAs. My research offers a novel theoretical argument and insights on the connection between public trust and elite position-taking.
POCT Analysts’ Perspective: Practices and Wants for Improvement
Authors: Westgard Sten A , Goldschmidt Henk M J , Ehrmeyer Sharon S 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPoint-of-care testing (POCT) continues to expand worldwide. Concerns remain about result quality despite guidelines and standards that specify testing practices. To better understand POCT testing worldwide, we polled analysts to obtain their views on actual practices and needs for improvement.MethodsAn online questionnaire was constructed on SurveyMonkey, a commercially available website for conducting such surveys. POCT analysts were sought worldwide from a pool of healthcare providers subscribed to a westgard.com newsletter or visitors to westgard.com and/or LinkedIn to one of the authors.ResultsSeventy-three percent of testing occurred in hospitals with 64% conducted in specialty settings. Regulatory mandates were followed by 88%. For most, less than 100 tests were performed per day fewer less than 25 devices. Nurses top the list of analysts. All but 5% of analysts received some form of training primarily from manufacturers. Eighty-seven percent verified devices/methods prior to implementation. Five percent do not perform daily QC; all analyzed external QC at least once per month. When QC limits exceed acceptable limits, 92% stop testing. Expired materials were used by 5%. The majority collected data for quality improvements. Eleven percent thought their organization’s POCT is acceptable. The majority of respondents believe improvements need to be made in POCT.ConclusionsAnalysts' POCT practices have and are improving to contribute positively to patients’ healthcare and safety. Analysts do recognize problems and their wants/needs provide important information to improve their practices. Most participants desire more in-house and/or manufacturer training, explicit directions from manufacturers, manufacturer built-in quality and function checks, and oversight.
Evaluation of equine rectal inoculum as representative of the microbial activities within the horse hindgut using a fully automated in vitro gas production technique system
Authors: Kujawa Theresa J , van Doorn David A , Wambacq Wendy A , Hesta Myriam , Pellikaan Wilbert F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) has been a valuable tool in ruminant nutrition research for decades and has more recently been used in horse nutrition studies to investigate fermentation activities of the equine hindgut though primarily using feces as inoculum. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of equine rectal content in the IVGPT system as a viable inoculum that can be considered representative of the activities throughout the equine hindgut. Additionally, the study was conducted to measure the effects on fermentation kinetics and end-product production using inoculum from horses fed supplemental levels of coated sodium butyrate in an IVGPT system. Eight warmblood horses were fed a diet consisting of haylage (1% DM intake based on ideal body weight [BW]) and a mash concentrate formulated to provide 2.5 g nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC)/kg BW per meal. The diet was intended to create a NSC challenge to the microbial populations of the hindgut. The horses were randomly assigned to treatment or control group and after a 1-wk diet-adaptation period, the treatment group received 0.4 g/kg BW per day of a coated sodium butyrate supplement, while the control group received a placebo (coating only). After a 3-wk treatment period, the animals were sacrificed and digesta from the cecum, left ventral colon, right dorsal colon, and the rectum were collected within 30 min postmortem and used as inocula for the IVGPT trial. Haylage and concentrates fed to the test animals were also used as substrates in vitro. Sodium butyrate supplementation was not significant for gas production parameters or VFA measured suggesting no effect of sodium butyrate supplementation on the extent or kinetics of gas production or microbial end-product production (P ≥ 0.073). Differences in inocula were significant for organic matter corrected cumulative gas production (P = 0.0001), asymptotic gas production of the second phase (A2) (P &lt; 0.0001); and maximal rate of OM degradation of the second phase (Rmax2) (P = 0.002). Inocula had a significant effect on total VFA (P = 0.0002), butyrate (Bu) (P = 0.015), branched chain fatty acids (P &lt; 0.0001), pH (P &lt; 0.0001), and ammonia (NH3) (P = 0.0024). In conclusion, based on observed results from this study, total tract digestibility may be overestimated if using rectal content inoculum to evaluate forage-based feeds in an IVGPT system.
Comparison of lymphatic complications between sentinel node navigation surgery and pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with cervical cancer
Authors: Togami Shinichi , Kubo Rintaro , Kawamura Toshihiko , Yanazume Shintaro , Kamio Masaki , Kobayashi Hiroaki 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Sentinel node navigation surgery (SNNS) has been frequently used in early cervical cancer. However, the incidence and potential reduction of lymphatic complications following the removal of the sentinel lymph node remain unknown. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of lymphatic complications post sentinel node navigation surgery in patients with early cervical cancer.

Methods
A total of 167 patients, including 70 and 97 patients who had undergone SNNS and pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLA), respectively, were enrolled in this study. We compared the lymphatic complications (lower extremity lymphedema and pelvic lymphocele) between the SNNS and PLA groups.

Results
The median number of sentinel lymph nodes removed was 2 (range: 1–14). Among the 70 patients in the SNNS group, there were 0 (0%) and 3 (4.3%) occurrences of lower extremity lymphedema and pelvic lymphocele, respectively. The occurrences of lower extremity lymphedema and pelvic lymphocele were significantly lower in the SNNS group than in the PLA group, despite circumflex iliac node removal.

Conclusions
The occurrence of lymphatic complications (lower extremity lymphedema and pelvic lymphocele) was significantly lower in the SNNS group than in the PLA group. We found that SNNS, and not PLA, was the best treatment option for preventing the development of lower extremity lymphedema and pelvic lymphocele, despite circumflex iliac node preservation.
Modern development of high-dose-rate brachytherapy
Authors: Itami Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBrachytherapy is an invasive therapy with placement of radiation source into or near the tumor. The difference between planning target volume and clinical target volume is minimal, and the dose out of the tumor reduces rapidly due to the inverse-square law. High-dose-rate brachytherapy enables three-dimensional image guidance, and currently, tumor dose as well as doses of the surrounding normal structures can be evaluated accurately. High-dose-rate brachytherapy is the utmost precision radiation therapy even surpassing carbon ion therapy. Biological disadvantages of high-dose rate have been overcome by the fractional irradiation. High-dose-rate brachytherapy is indispensable in the definitive radiation therapy of cervical cancer. Also in prostate cancer and breast cancer, high-dose-rate brachytherapy plays a significant role. Brachytherapy requires techniques and skills of radiation oncologists at the time of invasive placement of the radiation source into the tumor area. Education of young radiation oncologists is most urgent and important.
Experts at Coordination: Examining the Performance, Production, and Value of Process Expertise
Authors: Barley William C , Treem Jeffrey W , Leonardi Paul M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper argues that coordination among domain experts can be viewed as a distinct form of knowledge in itself, and an area in which an individual may become an expert. We discuss why domain experts may be ill-equipped to coordinate their knowledge with the knowledge of others, and why individuals with process expertise may be better equipped to facilitate coordination between domain experts. Drawing on a qualitative study of nurses organizing emergency pediatric transfers, we demonstrate how process expertise is established, maintained, and enacted through situated communicative practices. The analysis characterizes process expertise as operating interdependently with, but distinct from, domain expertise, and shows how process expertise can aid in settings that demand complex coordination. This work challenges assumptions that coordination among domain experts is best addressed through supporting network connections or overcoming interpretive obstacles, and offers an alternative way to support coordination by cultivating process experts.
Internal double omental hernia: a rare cause of acute abdomen
Authors: Pacheco André C , Jervis Maria J , Pimenta Joana , Escrevente Ricardo , Caratão Fátima 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Small bowel obstruction is one of the most common causes for acute abdominal pain leading to surgical admissions, occurring most frequently due to postoperative adhesions. Although less common, internal hernia is also a possible etiology, in which a delay on its therapy may lead to a not so dismal morbidity and mortality. Here, we report the case of a 24 year old Caucasian man that was admitted in our emergency department with an inaugural episode of sudden-onset epigastric pain associated with vomiting. After observation and diagnostic workup, the patient underwent urgent laparotomy that revealed an ischemic small bowel due to a double omental hernia, being successfully treated without enteric resection.
Genetic control of root architectural plasticity in maize
Authors: Schneider Hannah M , Klein Stephanie P , Hanlon Meredith T , Nord Eric A , Kaeppler Shawn , Brown Kathleen M , Warry Andrew , Bhosale Rahul , Lynch Jonathan P 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRoot phenotypes regulate soil resource acquisition; however, their genetic control and phenotypic plasticity are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the responses of root architectural phenes to water deficit (stress plasticity) and different environments (environmental plasticity) are under genetic control and that these loci are distinct. Root architectural phenes were phenotyped in the field using a large maize association panel with and without water deficit stress for three seasons in Arizona and without water deficit stress for four seasons in South Africa. All root phenes were plastic and varied in their plastic response. We identified candidate genes associated with stress and environmental plasticity and candidate genes associated with phenes in well-watered conditions in South Africa and in well-watered and water-stress conditions in Arizona. Few candidate genes for plasticity overlapped with those for phenes expressed under each condition. Our results suggest that phenotypic plasticity is highly quantitative, and plasticity loci are distinct from loci that control phene expression in stress and non-stress, which poses a challenge for breeding programs. To make these loci more accessible to the wider research community, we developed a public online resource that will allow for further experimental validation towards understanding the genetic control underlying phenotypic plasticity.
The WRKY53 transcription factor enhances stilbene synthesis and disease resistance by interacting with MYB14 and MYB15 in Chinese wild grape
Authors: Wang Dan , Jiang Changyue , Liu Wandi , Wang Yuejin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResveratrol is notable not only for its functions in disease resistance in plants but also for its health benefits when it forms part of the human diet. Identification of new transcription factors helps to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of stilbene synthesis. Here, the WRKY53 transcription factor was isolated from the Chinese wild grape, Vitis quinquangularis. Vqwrky53 was expressed in a variety of tissues and responded to powdery mildew infection and to exogenous hormone application. VqWRKY53 was located in the nucleus and had transcriptional activation activity in yeast. A yeast two-hybrid assay and a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay confirmed that VqWRKY53 interacted physically with VqMYB14 and VqMYB15, which have previously been reported to regulate stilbene synthesis. When Vqwrky53 was overexpressed in grape leaves, the expression of VqSTS32 and VqSTS41 and the content of stilbenes were increased. A yeast one-hybrid assay demonstrated that VqWRKY53 could bind directly to the promoters of STS genes. Overexpression of Vqwrky53 activated β-glucuronidase expression, driven by STS promoters, and co-expressing Vqwrky53 with VqMYB14 and VqMYB15 showed stronger regulatory functions. Heterologous overexpression of Vqwrky53 in Arabidopsis accelerated leaf senescence and disease resistance to PstDC3000.
Resource sharing linear logic
Authors: Kurokawa Hidenori , Kushida Hirohiko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a new logic that we call ‘resource sharing linear logic (RSLL)’. In linear logic (LL), formulas without modality express some resource-conscious situation (a formula can be used only once); formulas with modality express a situation with unlimited resources. We introduce the logic RSLL in which we have a strengthened modality (S5-modality) that can be understood as expressing not only unlimited resources but also resources shared by different agents. Observing that merely strengthening the modality allows weakening axiom to be derivable in a Hilbert-style formulation of this logic, we reformulate RSLL as a logic similar to affine logic by a hypersequent calculus that has weakening as a primitive rule. We prove the completeness of the hypersequent calculus with respect to phase semantics and the cut-elimination theorem for the system by a syntactical method. We also prove the decidability of RSLL via a computational interpretation of RSLL, which is a parallel version of Kopylov’s computational model for LL. We then introduce an explicit counterpart of RSLL in the style of Artemov’s justication logic (JRSLL). We prove a realization theorem for RSLL via its explicit counterpart.
Divine Guidance
Authors: Jillions John A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
How are claims to God’s guidance to be understood against the background of fears, fundamentalism, and violence inspired by religious belief? But equally, how are acts of humanity, love, and sacrificial service to be understood, when they also claim to be inspired by God? How is healthy religion to be distinguished from unhealthy religion? Questions like these were the subject of lively debate in the first-century world of Corinth, where the views of Greek, Roman, Jewish, and early Christian residents mixed continually, and where Paul established one of the first Christian communities. While their differences were real, there was also common ground and a shared critique of destructive religion. This study looks at how believers and unbelievers confront questions about divine guidance, discernment, delusion, and rational thought. Part I looks at Greco-Roman views, focusing on the archeology of ancient Corinth and the writings of Homer, Virgil, Lucretius, Posidonius, Cicero, Seneca, Plutarch, and others. Part II surveys Jewish attitudes by looking at Philo and Josephus, Qumran, early rabbinic writers, and other intertestamental literature. Part III unpacks Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians to show that issues of divine guidance and discernment are woven throughout as Paul shapes a distinctly Christian approach. Part IV brings the historical strands together and considers religious experience research to draw some conclusions about discernment and delusion today in the hope that rational and mystical need not be mutually exclusive.
Roman Corinth
Authors: Jillions John A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter gives the historical background of Corinth, its destruction by Roman forces in 146 bce, and its establishment as a model Roman colony in 44 bce. When Paul was there in the mid-first century it was a bustling crossroads of commerce and ideas. Archeology shows that Corinthian culture was still feeling the effects of the Roman Revolution under Augustus, which brought a distinctly Roman emphasis to all aspects of religion and society. Augustus himself had been very conscious of divine signs surrounding his elevation and rule. This had a marked effect on attitudes toward divine guidance in public worship and in household piety. In settings both public and private close observance of the religious traditions of Rome (whether or not one believed in them) was viewed as essential to Roman unity and prosperity. This piety was self-consciously Roman, emphasizing simplicity, virtue, and service to the community and state.
The Literature of Divine Guidance
Authors: Jillions John A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The popular literature of the era helps shed light on attitudes toward divine guidance. Unfortunately, aside from Paul’s letters there are no documents from first-century Corinth. However, as residents of a cosmopolitan Roman city, attentive to learning and rhetoric, the great writers would have been well known, especially Homer, Virgil, and Horace. Homer (Iliad and Odyssey) was the most influential writer; he reflected deeply on the questions posed by divine interaction with human beings. Virgil’s Aeneid, with a Roman perspective, likewise pondered the snares of divine guidance, concluding that the gods enlist heroes like Aeneas to fulfill divine purposes for Rome, not to vindicate the heroes or make them happy. In Horace religion is a much less pervasive theme and life is more independent of the gods, but he lifts up the Pax Romana and Augustus as the fulfillment of the divine plan.
Roman Philosophers
Authors: Jillions John A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In contrast to the warm sympathy of Posidonius and the vast majority of the population, the prominent Roman philosophers ranged from cool to icy in their attitudes toward divine guidance. The Epicurean Lucretius was a conscientious atheist. Cicero rejected belief in divine guidance but accepted it in practice. Seneca rejected the practice while holding on to Stoic virtues. Pliny avoided the issue and focused on nature, admitting only to a vague divinity of “mortal helping mortal.” Of these, Cicero expended the most thought and ink on the subject, writing major works on the nature of the gods, divination, and fate. He defended his role as a priest in the College of Augurs on the grounds that he was thereby upholding Roman tradition, which was essential to the state’s social and political cohesion and stability. This was simply his patriotic public duty, and he didn’t need to actually believe any of it.
Philo
Authors: Jillions John A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Philo of Alexandria (c. 15 bce–50 ce) was a contemporary of Paul and a leading representative of Hellenistic Judaism. Although there are continuing debates over how well he represents mainstream Jewish thought, he saw himself as faithful to the Torah and Jewish tradition. He regarded his faith, rooted in the revelation of the God of Israel, as all-encompassing and therefore capable of finding common ground with truth in Greek philosophy. Spiritual reinterpretation of Abraham, Moses, and other figures in the Hebrew Bible is fundamental to his approach, and he sees biblical study as inseparable from communion with God, who illumines the reader. He was especially impressed with the Theraputae, a quasi-monastic Egyptian Jewish community where such study was at the heart of life. Philo is also profoundly aware of God’s presence, providence, and guidance in human events of all kinds, not just in scripture.