bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marine Algae as a Potential Source for Anti-diabetic Compounds - A Brief Review
Authors: Rayapu Lavanya , Chakraborty Kajal , Valluru Lokanatha 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia
that leads to several complications such as retinopathy, atherosclerosis, nephropathy, etc. In 2019, it
was estimated that about 463 million people had diabetes, and it may increase up to 700 million in 2045. Marine
macroalgae are the rich source of bioactive compounds for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Objective:
This review summarizes the recent epidemiology and possible use of marine macroalgae-derived bioactive
compounds for the protection against chronic metabolic disease, diabetes mellitus and marine macroalgae
as a nutraceutical supplement.

Conclusion:
The present therapies available for diabetes treatment are oral medicines and insulin injections.
But continuous use of synthetic medicines provides low therapeutic with many side effects. In continuing
search of anti-diabetic drugs, marine macroalgae remain as a promising source with potent bioactivity. Among
existing marine algae, red and brown algae are reported to show anti-diabetic activity. Hence, the present review
focuses on the epidemiology, diabetes biomarkers and different secondary bioactive compounds present in
marine macroalgae to treat diabetes mellitus.
Withdrawal Notice: Emerging Novel Coronavirus is a Global Threat: Insight in the Biology of COVID-19 and its Hijacking Process of Hosts’ Cell
Authors: Roy Debmalya , Khanra Ipshita , Wang Zeling , Merugu Siva Bharath , Yunus Fakhar-un-Nisa , Mashausi Dhahiri Saidi , Li Dawei 
Published: September 2020

The article has been withdrawn by the editorial office of the journal Current Pharmaceutical Design, due to major linguistic inconsistencies.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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The Effect of PAOPA, a Novel Allosteric Modulator of Dopamine D2 Receptors, on Signaling Proteins Following Sub-Chronic Administration in Rats
Authors: Daya Ritesh , Ho Joella , Thomson Sharon , Bhandari Jayant , Mishra Ram K. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Allosteric modulators of G-protein coupled receptors regulate receptor activity
by binding to sites other than the active site and have emerged as a new and highly desirable
class of drugs. PAOPA (3(R)-[(2(S)-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide), a
peptidomimetic analog of L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide, is a potent dopamine D2 receptor allosteric
modulator. PAOPA has shown therapeutic effects in pre-clinical models of schizophrenia and
extrapyramidal dysfunction.

Objective:
In this study, we sought to examine the biomolecular underpinnings of PAOPA‘s therapeutic
outcomes in pre-clinical models of schizophrenia.

Methods:
Following sub-chronic (daily for 7 days) administration of PAOPA, we assessed levels
of dopamine D2 receptors, receptor kinases (GRK2 (G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2) and Arrestin-
3), and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), namely, extracellular signal-
regulated kinases (ERK1/2) in the hippocampus, medial pre-frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens,
pre-frontal cortex, and dorsal striatum via protein quantification.

Results:
Following 7 days of daily PAOPA treatment, we observed decreased GRK2 and increased
dopamine D2 receptor expression in the dorsal striatum. These findings potentially underscore the
therapeutic mechanism of action of PAOPA for the positive-like symptoms of schizophrenia in
pre-clinical animal models. Additionally, we observed a decline in GRK2 in the hippocampus and
an increase in phosphorylated ERK1 in the pre-frontal cortex, suggesting a role of PAOPA in treating
cognitive and/or affective dysfunction in pre-clinical models.

Conclusion:
While further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of action of PAOPA,
this study discusses prior investigations and develops an early framework to describe the therapeutic
mechanism of action of PAOPA.
Metronidazole Loaded Polycaprolactone-Carbopol Blends Based Biodegradable Intrapocket Dental Film for Local Treatment of Periodontitis
Authors: Dhedage Nitin , Khan Gayasuddin , Ajmal Gufran , Kumar Manish , Jha Abhishek , Mishra Brahmeshwar 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
The goal of this research was to optimize and evaluate an intrapocket dental
film, composed of polycaprolactone and carbopol blends for the management of periodontitis.

Methods:
The intrapocket dental film was prepared using a modified solvent casting method, followed
by characterization, in-vitro release, in-vitro antimicrobial activity, and in-vivo efficacy on
the periodontitis animal model.

Results:
Prepared films were consistent in thickness (2.10±0.56 to 2.50±0.39 mm) and weight
(35.23±0.37 to 39.45±0.45 mg) with drug entrapment of up to 87.63±1.98 percent. The concentration
of carbopol is observed to have a direct relationship with the thickness, film weight, and
swelling factor of the prepared dental film. The film has a surface pH close to gingival crevicular
fluid pH and is therefore appropriate for the application. The developed film exhibited a biphasic
drug release profile with an initial burst release followed by a continuous release for more than 11
days. Drug release kinetic study supports the release of the drug by a diffusion-based process, as
best explained by the Korsmeyer Peppas kinetics (R2 =0.9635). in vitro antimicrobial activity was
also in accordance with drug release, with a high initial zone of inhibition (ZOI) (49.32±0.156mm),
followed by 14.28±0.080 mm ZOI on the 11th day. The in vivo study showed that the prepared film
was able to prevent periodontal ligament degeneration, as observed in the periodontitis experiment
animal model.

Conclusion:
The prepared intrapocket dental film based on caprolactone and carbopol can be used
as a novel local drug delivery system for the management of periodontitis.
Fabrication and Characterization of Heat Pipe with Composite Structure for the Adiabatic Section
Authors: Parikh Hiral , Pathak Kedar 
Published: September 2020

Background:Innovative cooling technology is required in every field of life, ranging from satellite to terrestrial applications. A novel heat rejection system is of great concern for space applications. Futuristic applications in heat pipe will involve composite structures in various ways as they offer flexibility in design with their inherent advantage of being lightweight. However, it remains a challenge to join a composite structure with metals. This study investigates the effect of a composite section in the adiabatic region of the heat pipe and also proposes a novel approach to join metals with a composite structure.Methods:A flexible composite tube, such as carbon fiber, reinforced thermoplastics to make the adiabatic section. This section is adhesively bonded with the metal tubes, i.e., evaporator and condenser section. The inherent roughness of the metal tube makes the first layer for mechanical interlocking, followed by adhesive bonding.Results:The effect of adiabatic, condenser, and evaporator length, for a normal vs. composite heat pipe, on specific thermal conductivity is evaluated.Conclusion:The numerical studies confirm that the use of composite material for the adiabatic section improves the performance of the heat pipe. It is proposed to use reinforced thermoplastic as the material for the adiabatic section.
Large Bending Deformation of a Cantilevered Soft Beam under External Load: The Applicability of Inextensibility Assumption of the Centerline
Authors: Chen Wei , Wang Lin 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Soft materials, including elastomers and gels, are pervasive in biological
systems and technological applications. Despite the rapid developments of soft materials in the recent
decades, it is still challenging to theoretically model and predict the large-deformation behaviors of
soft structures.

Objective:
The goal of this work is to give a general theoretical model to investigate the large deformation
of a cantilevered soft beam under various loads. In particular, the applicability of the inextensibility
assumption of the beam centerline is explored.

Methods:
The governing equations of the soft beam system are derived according to the principle of
minimum potential energy. In order to investigate the large deformation of the soft beam, the curvature
of the beam centerline is exactly considered and the Yeoh model is utilized to account for the
hyperelasticity of the soft beam. The derived ordinary differential equations are discretized by the
Galerkin method and then solved by the iterative algorithm.

Results:
Based on the proposed theoretical model, large bending deformations of the cantilevered
soft beam are analyzed for various types of external loads, including uniformly distributed force, tipend
concentrated force, and non-uniformly distributed force. Different values of the amplitude of the
external loads are considered and fruitful deformed configurations are presented.

Conclusion:
The proposed model is able to study the large deformation of the soft beam effectively.
The inextensibility assumption of the beam centerline is applicable when the amplitude of the external
load is relatively small. When the amplitude of the external load is sufficiently large, the extension
of the centerline needs to be considered.
Spatiotemporal observations of CH4 and CO2 over Iraq using Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data
Authors: Abed Faten Ganim 
Published: September 2020

Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the most important greenhouse gases and most important climate forcing agents due to their significant impact on climate, and their concentrations have been increased since the pre-industrial time by 150 and 40 % respectively, basically from fossil fuel combustion and land-use change emissions. In this research, the atmospheric concentration of CH4 and CO2 over Iraq is measured by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). Time series and time-averaged maps were generated to study and analyse the distribution of CH4 and CO2 concentrations. The results show a significant increase of these two gases with an average increase (3.5 and 5.11 ppbv/ year ) in a rate of (2.69 % and 4 %) for CH4 at SPL 925 hPa and 400 hPa, respectively ; the average increase of CO2 is (1.85 ppm/ year) represent (3.31%) for the whole period. The considerable increase of CH4 and CO2 concentration can affect human healthiness and earth radiative balance. Also, the Satellite observation of AIRS can efficiently show the spatiotemporal variations of CH4 and CO2 for the study area.
Intent to Adopt Video-Based Integrated Mental Health Care and the Characteristics of its Supporters: Mixed Methods Study Among General Practitioners Applying Diffusion of Innovations Theory
Authors: Haun Markus W , Stephan Isabella , Wensing Michel , Hartmann Mechthild , Hoffmann Mariell , Friederich Hans-Christoph 
Published: September 2020

Background
Most people with common mental disorders, including those with severe mental illness, are treated in general practice. Video-based integrated care models featuring mental health specialist video consultations (MHSVC) facilitate the involvement of specialist mental health care. However, the potential uptake by general practitioners (GPs) is unclear.

Objective
This mixed method preimplementation study aims to assess GPs’ intent to adopt MHSVC in their practice, identify predictors for early intent to adopt (quantitative strand), and characterize GPs with early intent to adopt based on the Diffusion of Innovations Theory (DOI) theory (qualitative strand).

Methods
Applying a convergent parallel design, we conducted a survey of 177 GPs and followed it up with focus groups and individual interviews for a sample of 5 early adopters and 1 nonadopter. We identified predictors for intent to adopt through a cumulative logit model for ordinal multicategory responses for data with a proportional odds structure. A total of 2 coders independently analyzed the qualitative data, deriving common characteristics across the 5 early adopters. We interpreted the qualitative findings accounting for the generalized adopter categories of DOI.

Results
This study found that about one in two GPs (87/176, 49.4%) assumed that patients would benefit from an MHSVC service model, about one in three GPs (62/176, 35.2%) intended to adopt such a model, the availability of a designated room was the only significant predictor of intent to adopt in GPs (β=2.03, SE 0.345, P<.001), supporting GPs expected to save time and took a solution-focused perspective on the practical implementation of MHSVC, and characteristics of supporting and nonsupporting GPs in the context of MHSVC corresponded well with the generalized adopter categories conceptualized in the DOI.

Conclusions
A significant proportion of GPs may function as early adopters and key stakeholders to facilitate the spread of MHSVC. Indeed, our findings correspond well with increasing utilization rates of telehealth in primary care and specialist health care services (eg, mental health facilities and community-based, federally qualified health centers in the United States). Future work should focus on specific measures to foster the intention to adopt among hesitant GPs.
Does Outdoor Activity Reduce Migraine Episodes? Associations Between Migraine-related Online Searches and Mobility Trends during the COVID-19 Lockdown in the United States (Preprint)
Authors: Pascual King John , Elsakr Carol , Glicksman Michael , Pham Cynthia , Nguyen Chantal , Yochelson Michael 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

The effect of physical activity on migraines is unclear, with some studies showing that it triggers episodes and others finding that it is preventative. Google Trends, a tool that gauges population interest in online searches both geographically and longitudinally, has been previously used for disease surveillance, including migraines. However, the recent COVID-19 Mobility Community Reports, in combination with Google Trends data, offers a unique opportunity to explore migraine epidemiology using real-time, geographic trends in physical activity.

OBJECTIVE

Our aim is to examine the relationship between physical activity and migraine using a novel infodemiological approach by combining data from Google Trends and the COVID-19 Mobility Community Reports.

METHODS

We collected data from the COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports (CCMR), specifying a time period of March 1st- 15th, 2020. We were specifically interested in the mobility trends scores for 2 variables: 1) parks and 2) residential. To assess the impact of mobility on migraine-related online searches, we collected Google Trends data by entering “Migraine” for the time period between April 1st-15th, 2020, one month after our CCMR collection period. We then calculated the percent change in migraine Search Volume Index (SVI) using the same CCMR March 2020 dates as baseline.

RESULTS

The 15 states with the highest and lowest park mobility (PM) scores displayed an average percent change of -29% and -12% in migraine-related online searches, respectively (p=0.0209). Residential mobility (RM) scores, which signal stronger adherence to lockdown, was positively correlated with change in migraine SVI (r=+0.32, p=0.02).

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, we reveal that there is an association between increased visitation of outdoor areas (i.e., PM scores) and reduction in migraine-related online searches one month after. This is in line with the literature findings on the prophylactic impact of physical exercise on migraine attacks. Given that studies have linked time spent indoors to increased sedentary behavior, the association between residential mobility (RM) scores and increased frequency of migraine-related online searches (i.e. SVIs) was also expected. Google Trends and CCMR data may provide additional insights into the impact of physical activity on migraine and other neurological conditions.
Correlation Between Programmed Cell Death Ligand1 (PD-L1) Expression and Clinical Parameters in Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Aziz Zainab Waleed , Mahmood Asmaa Mohammadsheet , Yahiya Zahraa Osama , Taib Al â€“Nuaimy Wahda Mohammed 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Programmed Cell Death Ligand1 (PD-L1) tissue expression in CRC (colorectal cancer) displays conflicting results among various studies. We aimed to identify the rate of PD-L1 positivity in colorectal carcinoma, and it's immune infiltrating cells, their relationship with clinicopathologic parameters of patients, and to correlate the results with other studies.
Methods: PD-L1 antibody retrospectively analyzed immunohistochemically in tissue microarray blocks of 99 specimens with colonic and rectal carcinomas operated between January 2015 to December 2017. A comparison performed between PD-L1 expression in tumor cells (TCs) as well as tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) for age, sex, histological differentiation, the primary tumor location, number of involved lymph nodes, angiolymphatic invasion, and TNM stage.
Results: Of the 99 patients, the median age was 54.5 (range: 18 to 83) years. Fourteen samples were PD-L1 positive in TCs, increased to 32% in TIICs. A significant expression of PD-L1in TCs was correlated with medullary histology (p= 0.03), number of the involved lymph nodes (p= 0.02), distant metastasis (p= 0.001), and TNM stage (p= 0.0001). The PD-L1 status in TIICs was again connected with adverse clinical and pathological parameters.
Conclusions: The expression of PD-L1 in TCs and TIICs is associated significantly with advanced cancer or lymphatic invasion in patients who underwent surgery after a diagnosis of CRC. The research designates the significance of estimation of TCs and TIICs in correlation to clinicopathologic characteristics of patients a finding that could produce a piece of evidence for precise electing immunotherapy.
Penanaman Karakter Kejujuran Melalui Kantin Anti Korupsi pada Siswa SD/MI Ngargorejo, Ngemplak, Boyolali
Authors: Khotimah Rita Pramujiyanti , Putro Donny Suryo , Utomo Ginanjar Wahyu , Hidayah Anisa Fera , Astriyanti Nurul Endah , Sari Yusti Ratna , Alfanani Tiara Risti , Muthmainnah Heny Tri , Mazliza Mazliza , Zakiah Zakiah 
Published: September 2020

Kejujuran merupakan salah satu karakter yang penting ditanamkan semenjak dini pada siswa. Melalui kejujuran diharapkan bisa dihasilkan siswa yang cerdas tidak hanya secara intelektual, namun juga cerdas secara moral. Program ini bertujuan untuk menanamkan karakter kejujuran melalui kantin anti korupsi pada siswa SD/MI Ngargorejo, Ngemplak, Boyolali. Metode pelaksanaan program melalui penyuluhan dan pendampingan. Hasil pelaksanaan program menunjukkan bahwa nilai nilai karakter kejujuran siswa yang diinternalisasikan dalam kantin anti korupsi di SD/ MI Ngargorejo, Ngemplak, Boyolali telah tertanamkan dengan baik. Siswa sudah menunjukkan sikap jujur, disiplin dan mandiri dalam program kantin anti korupsi. Keberadaan kantin anti korupsi dengan teknik pelayanan self-service system dapat dijadikan sebagai media yang baik dalam penanaman karakter kejujuran siswa karena bisa melahirkan sikap dan tindakan siswa yang positif.
HUBUNGAN LAMANYA PEMBERIAN MAGNESIUM SULFATE PADA PASIEN PEB DAN EKLAMPSIA DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERMAGNESIUM DI RSUP DR. M. DJAMIL PADANG
Authors: Mayuliani Mayuliani , Djanas Dovy 
Published: September 2020

TujuanÂ :Â Untuk mengetahui hubungan lamanya pemberiaan MgS04 pada pasien PEB dan eklampsia dengan kejadian hipermagnesium.MetodeÂ :Â Penelitian ini merupakan observasional komparatif menggunakan desain cross sectional study. Penelitian dilakukan di rekam medis RSUP Dr.M.Djamil Padang selama periode 1 Januari 2016 sampai 31 Agustus 2017 terhadap ibu hamil dengan preeklampsia berat ( PEB) dan eklampsia, didapatkan 30 subyek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Selanjutnya data dicatat dalam suatu formulir penelitian yang telah disediakan, kemudian dilakukan pengolahan data penelitian. Analisis statistik untuk menilai kemaknaan menggunakan uji chi-squere .Hasil:. Terjadi peningkatan kadar Magnesium pada ibu hamil dengan preeklampsia berat (PEB) dan eklampsia sebanyak 21 koresponden. Peningkatan kadar Magnesium terhadap pasien preeklampsia berat (PEB) dan eklampsia yang mendapatkan tatalaksana MgS04 selama 48 jam sebanyak 16 koresponden ( 84,2%) dan 5 koresponden dengan pemberian MgS04 selama 24 jam.Kesimpulan:Â Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna lamanya pemberian Magnesium Sulfat dengan kejadian hipermagnesium pada pasien preeklamsia berat dan eklamsia.Kata kunciÂ :Â PEB, eklampsia, magnesium sulfat, kadar Magnesium
Pengaruh peningkatan dosis kalsium terhadap tekanan darah pada ibu hamil di RSUP Dr Mdjamil Padang
Authors: Ariadi Ariadi , Azmi Syaiful , Bachtiar Hafni 
Published: September 2020

Sampai saat ini, etiologi dan patofisiologi preeklampsia belum diketahui dengan pasti, akan tetapi berdasarkan gejala- gejala serta kerusakan yang ditimbulkannya, para peneliti mengajukan berbagai cara baik sebagai penduga maupun untuk deteksi dini preeklampsia dan eklampsia. Pengukuran tekanan darah sebagai cara yang paling mudah dilakukan telah banyak digunakan dan berdasarkan hal itu juga beberapa peneliti menganjurkan pemeriksaan rasio ekskresi kalsium/ kreatinin dalam urine untuk menduga kejadian preeklampsia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental pre and post test group design di polikilinik Obgin RS. Dr. M. Djamil dan praktek swasta bidan di kota Padang mulai bulan Juli 2013 sampai jumlah sampel terpenuhi sebanyak 40 orang sampel. Analisis dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan antara pemberian kalsium dengan tekanan darah. Kemudian dilakukan analisis tentang perbedaan sistolik diastolik dan MAP sebelum dan sesudah pemberian tablet kalsium. Data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Data diuji dengan korelasi Pearson dan Wilcoxon test dan Paired T-Test. Jika p<0,05 menunjukan hasil yang bermakna. Rata-rata tekanan darah sistolik sesudah pemberian kalsium sama pada kedua kelompok (121,5 + 8,02 : 121,5 + 6,71). Rata-rata tekanan darah diastolik sesudah pemberian kalsium pada kontrol lebih rendah daripada tekanan darah diastolik perlakuan (75,9 + 4,32 : 75,9 + 4,32). Rata-rata MAP sesudah pemberian kalsium lebih rendahÂ pada kontrol daripada MAP perlakuan (91,088Â + 4,47 : 91,956 + 6,08). Terdapat pengaruh pemberian tablet kalsium terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada ibu hamil.Kata Kunci: Sistolik, Diastolik, Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP).