bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarker Organization in Circulating Extracellular Vesicles: New Applications in Detecting Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Lim Carine Z. J. , Natalia Auginia , Sundah Noah R. , Shao Huilin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases are heterogeneous disorders characterized by a progressive loss of function and/or death of nerve cells, leading to severe cognitive and functional decline. Due to the complex pathology, early detection and intervention are critical to the development of successful treatments; however, current diagnostic approaches are limited to subjective, late‐stage clinical findings. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as a promising circulating biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases. Actively released by diverse cells, EVs are nanoscale membrane vesicles. They abound in blood, readily cross the blood–brain barrier, and carry diverse molecular cargoes in different organizational states: these molecular cargoes are inherited from the parent cells or bound to the EV membrane through surface associations. Specifically, EVs have been found to be associated with several important pathogenic proteins of neurodegenerative diseases, and their involvement could alter disease progression. This article provides an overview of EVs as circulating biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases and introduces new technological advances to characterize the biophysical properties of EV‐associated biomarkers for accurate, blood‐based detection of neurodegenerative diseases.
Enhanced Spin Seebeck Effect in Monolayer Tungsten Diselenide Due to Strong Spin Current Injection at Interface
Authors: Lee Sang‐Kwon , Lee Won‐Yong , Kikkawa Takashi , Le Chinh Tam , Kang Min‐Sung , Kim Gil‐Sung , Nguyen Anh Duc , Kim Yong Soo , Park No‐Won , Saitoh Eiji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe spin current is significantly limited by the spin‐orbit interaction strength, material quality, and spin‐mixing conductance at material interfaces. Such limitations lead to spin current decay at the interfaces, which severely hinders potential applications in spin‐current‐generating thermoelectric devices. Thus, methodical studies on the enhancement of spin currents are indispensable. Herein, a novel approach for enhancing the spin current injected into a normal metal, Pt, using interface effects with a ferromagnetic insulator, yttrium iron garnet (YIG), is demonstrated. This is accomplished by inserting atomically thin monolayer (ML), tungsten diselenide (WSe2) between Pt and YIG layers. A comparative study of longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (LSSE) measurements is conducted. Two types of ML WSe2 (continuous and large‐area ML WSe2 and isolated ML WSe2 flakes) are used as intermediate layers on YIG film. Notably, the insertion of ML WSe2 between the Pt and YIG layers significantly enhances the thermopower, VLSSE/ΔT by a factor of approximately 5.6 compared with that of the Pt/YIG reference sample. This enhancement in the measured LSSE voltages in the Pt/ML WSe2/YIG trilayer can be explained by the increased spin‐to‐charge conversion at the interface owing to the large spin‐orbit coupling and improved spin mixing conductance with the ML WSe2 intermediate layer.
A Facile and Scalable Strategy for Fabrication of Superior Bifunctional Freestanding Air Electrodes for Flexible Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Liu Ting , Mou Jirong , Wu Ziping , Lv Chao , Huang Jianlin , Liu Meilin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe large‐scale fabrication of efficient and inexpensive bifunctional catalysts is highly desirable but very challenging for oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction (ORR–OER) in metal–air batteries. Here, a facile and scalable approach for the fabrication of hierarchically porous air electrode consisting of cobalt nanoparticles embedded in bamboo‐like nitrogen‐rich carbon nanotubes (Co/N@CNTs), which are in situ grown onto the surface of carbon nanotube macrofilm (CNMF) through a catalytic growth of crosslinked carbon nanotubes is reported. The resulting hybrid macrofilm (Co/N@CNTs@CNMF) can be directly used as a freestanding air electrode without adding any binder or addivities. More importantly, when incorporated in a zinc–air battery (ZAB), the Co/N@CNTs@CNMF electrode demonstrates drastically enhanced ORR and OER activity while maintaining excellent durability during cycling. Further, when it is used to assemble an all‐solid‐state ZAB, the cell also displays excellent mechanical flexibility, implying promising perspectives as power sources for wearable electronics.
Nanomedicine Approaches for Advanced Diagnosis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis and Related Ischemic Diseases
Authors: Hu Bin , Boakye‐Yiadom Kofi Oti , Yu Wei , Yuan Zi‐Wei , Ho William , Xu Xiaoyang , Zhang Xue‐Qing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. In response to this and other worldwide health epidemics, nanomedicine has emerged as a rapidly evolving discipline that involves the development of innovative nanomaterials and nanotechnologies and their applications in therapy and diagnosis. Nanomedicine presents unique advantages over conventional medicines due to the superior properties intrinsic to nanoscopic therapies. Once used mainly for cancer therapies, recently, tremendous progress has been made in nanomedicine that has led to an overall improvement in the treatment and diagnosis of CVDs. This review elucidates the pathophysiology and potential targets of atherosclerosis and associated ischemic diseases. It may be fruitful to pursue future work in the nanomedicine‐mediated treatment of CVDs based on these targets. A comprehensive overview is then provided featuring the latest preclinical and clinical outcomes in cardiovascular imaging, biomarker detection, tissue engineering, and nanoscale delivery, with specific emphasis on nanoparticles, nanostructured scaffolds, and nanosensors. Finally, the challenges and opportunities regarding the future development and clinical translation of nanomedicine in related fields are discussed. Overall, this review aims to provide a deep and thorough understanding of the design, application, and future development of nanomedicine for atherosclerosis and related ischemic diseases.
Lead‐Free Perovskite Variant Solid Solutions Cs2Sn1–xTexCl6: Bright Luminescence and High Anti‐Water Stability
Authors: Tan Zhifang , Chu Yanmeng , Chen Jinxi , Li Jinghui , Ji Guoqi , Niu Guangda , Gao Liang , Xiao Zewen , Tang Jiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderwater lighting is important for the exploration of the underwater world in different areas. It is of great significance for developing underwater emitters with high penetrability, high luminous efficiency, good anti‐water stability, and environmental friendliness. Stable lead‐free perovskite luminescent materials, represented by vacancy‐ordered double perovskites, are worthy of research because they can almost meet the above requirements. Here, lead‐free perovskite variant solid solutions with the formula of Cs2Sn1−xTexCl6 are reported. Upon the exchange of Sn/Te ions, strong Jahn–Teller distortion of octahedra occurs in the lattice structure. The combination of Te luminescent center and Jahn–Teller‐like self‐trapped excitons gives this material yellow‐green luminescence with a wavelength of 580 nm and a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 95.4%. Moreover, these solid solutions can withstand the extreme conditions of immersion in water probably due to the formation of amorphous alteration phase. Such good anti‐water stability is also supported by the molecule dynamics simulation result that no reaction occurs on the water/Cs2SnCl6 interface. The high luminous, suitable wavelength, and good anti‐water stability enable the solid solutions suitable for the application for underwater lighting.
A Beehive Inspired Hydrogen Photocatalytic Device Integrating a Carbo‐Benzene Triptych Material for Efficient Solar Photo‐Reduction of Seawater
Authors: Cure Jérémy , Cocq Kévin , Nicollet Andréa , Tan Kui , Hungria Teresa , Assie‐Souleille Sandrine , Vivies Séverine , Salvagnac Ludovic , Quevedo‐Lopez Manuel , Maraval Valérie , Chauvin Remi , Estève Alain , Rossi Carole 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe dream to produce green, clean, and sustainable hydrogen from earth‐abundant and free resources such as seawater and sunlight is highly motivating because of the interest for desirable economical and societal applications in energy. However, it remains challenging to develop an efficient and unassisted photocatalytic device to split seawater molecules with just sunlight without any external bias. For the first time, a such novel hierarchical material has been developed, based on thin film technology that integrates TiO2 semiconductor layers, embedded gold nanoparticles, and a photosensitive carbo‐benzene layer. The design of the triptych device placing the photocatalyst in be‐to‐be increases the photoactive surface area by a factor 2. Its stability (>120 successive hours of hydrogen production and >5 days in a day/night representative alternation) and efficiency (Soler‐to‐Hydrogen 0.06%) are measured in NaCl‐salted water. The chloride ions act as hole scavengers and induce an increase of pH increasing in turn the sun‐driven hydrogen production rate.
Atomic Origin of Interface‐Dependent Oxygen Migration by Electrochemical Gating at the LaAlO3–SrTiO3 Heterointerface
Authors: Song Dongsheng , Xue Deqing , Zeng Shengwei , Li Changjian , Venkatesan Thirumalai , Ariando Ariando , Pennycook Stephen J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElectrical control of material properties based on ionic liquids (IL) has seen great development and emerging applications in the field of functional oxides, mainly understood by the electrostatic and electrochemical gating mechanisms. Compared to the fast, flexible, and reproducible electrostatic gating, electrochemical gating is less controllable owing to the complex behaviors of ion migration. Here, the interface‐dependent oxygen migration by electrochemical gating is resolved at the atomic scale in the LaAlO3–SrTiO3 system through ex situ IL gating experiments and on‐site atomic‐resolution characterization. The difference between interface structures leads to the controllable electrochemical oxygen migration by filling oxygen vacancies. The findings not only provide an atomic‐scale insight into the origin of interface‐dependent electrochemical gating but also demonstrate an effective way of engineering interface structure to control the electrochemical gating.
Sexual dimorphism in facial shape of modern Buryats of Southern Siberia
Authors: Rostovtseva Victoria V. , Mezentseva Anna A. , Windhager Sonja , Butovskaya Marina L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to investigate sexual dimorphism in the full facial shape of modern Buryats—people of Southern Siberia of Mongolian origin.MethodsFor this purpose, we have used geometric morphometrics based on standardized full‐face frontal photographs. This allowed us to assess and visualize differences in facial shapes between Buryat men (n = 98) and women (n = 89). To specify the facial areas, where the differences occurred, we have complemented our analysis with standard anthropometric facial parameters based on approximations to the craniofacial and mandibular landmarks and soft‐tissue morphology of specific facial areas.ResultsOur results revealed that Buryat women have a set of sexually dimorphic features similar to those reported earlier for other Asian populations (a relatively wider and vertically shorter lower face, more round visible areas of the eyes, relatively narrower noses, smaller mouths, larger [in vertical dimension] foreheads, and relatively thinner upper lips, when compared to Buryat males). At the same time, Buryat women had a specific characteristic, distinguishing them from other world populations—a significantly higher upper face width‐to‐height ratio (fWHR) compared to males. This indicates that the high fWHR is not a universally male feature in humans, which raises a question of underlying developmental mechanisms.ConclusionsOur results clearly demonstrate that some elements of sexually dimorphic facial shapes may differ across populations with different genetic and ecological backgrounds, and suggest that universal mechanisms of sex‐specific facial morphogenesis still need to be clarified in the future.
Unusual pneumoconiosis in two patients with heavy print toner, and paper dust exposure
Authors: Sarwate Mrinal , Vrbenska Adela , Cummings Kristopher , Tazelaar Henry D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWorkers in a print shop are exposed to photocopier toner dust and paper dust over a prolonged period of time. However, there are only rare case reports of toner and paper dust induced lung damage in humans. We reviewed our consultation files for a period of 30 years from 1987 to 2018 to look for cases with a diagnosis of giant cell interstitial pneumonia (GIP), printer toner exposure and paper dust exposure resulting in lung disease. There were two cases which met our inclusion criteria. Slides, clinical histories and imaging were reviewed. Both the patients had worked in print shops, and had no history of exposure to hard metals. Patient 1 presented with shortness of breath and cough over several months, while patient 2 was asymptomatic at presentation. Both the patients underwent surgical lung biopsies. Histopathologic examination from both the cases showed a spectrum of pathology, including features of GIP, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, chronic bronchiolitis with lymphoid hyperplasia, and particulate matter consistent with toner. Energy dispersive spectroscopy was performed on one case, and it revealed no cobalt or tungsten particles. The unusual combination of findings is very suggestive that toner particles with or without paper dust exposure were responsible for the pathologic changes in the lungs of these patients. This possibility should be explored further with additional patients who work in print shops where they are exposed to paper dust and paper toner and have signs or symptoms of diffuse lung disease.
A Short‐Lived but Highly Cytotoxic Vanadium(V) Complex as a Potential Drug Lead for Brain Cancer Treatment by Intratumoral Injections
Authors: Levina Aviva , Pires Vieira Adriana , Wijetunga Asanka , Kaur Ravinder , Koehn Jordan T. , Crans Debbie C. , Lay Peter A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe chemistry and short lifetimes of metal‐based anti‐cancer drugs can be turned into an advantage for direct injections into tumors, which then allow the use of highly cytotoxic drugs. The release of their less toxic decomposition products into the blood will lead to decreased toxicity and can even have beneficial effects. We present a ternary VV complex, 1 ([VOL1L2], where L1 is N‐(salicylideneaminato)‐N′‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)ethane‐1,2‐diamine and L2 is 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol), which enters cells intact to induce high cytotoxicity in a range of human cancer cells, including T98g (glioma multiforme), while its decomposition products in cell culture medium were ≈8‐fold less toxic. 1 was 12‐fold more toxic than cisplatin in T98g cells and 6‐fold more toxic in T98g cells than in a non‐cancer human cell line, HFF‐1. Its high toxicity in T98g cells was retained in the presence of physiological concentrations of the two main metal‐binding serum proteins, albumin and transferrin. These properties favor further development of 1 for brain cancer treatment by intratumoral injections.
Methanol‐Assisted Autocatalysis in Catalytic Methanol Synthesis
Authors: Thrane Joachim , Kuld Sebastian , Nielsen Niels D. , Jensen Anker D. , Sehested Jens , Christensen Jakob M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCatalytic methanol synthesis is one of the major processes in the chemical industry and may grow in importance, as methanol produced from CO2 and sustainably derived H2 are envisioned to play an important role as energy carriers in a future low‐CO2‐emission society. However, despite the widespread use, the reaction mechanism and the nature of the active sites are not fully understood. Here we report that methanol synthesis at commercially applied conditions using the industrial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst is dominated by a methanol‐assisted autocatalytic reaction mechanism. We propose that the presence of methanol enables the hydrogenation of surface formate via methyl formate. Autocatalytic acceleration of the reaction is also observed for Cu supported on SiO2 although with low absolute activity, but not for Cu/Al2O3 catalysts. The results illustrate an important example of autocatalysis in heterogeneous catalysis and pave the way for further understanding, improvements, and process optimization of industrial methanol synthesis.
A Central Sterile Processing and Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control Collaboration to Ensure Safe Patient Care
Authors: Nack Brenda , Nowakowski Elaine , Nicholson Frances 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTCleaning, disinfection, and sterilization (CDS) practices and protocols are the cornerstone of infection control and patient safety. Central sterile processing (CSP) leaders are responsible for updating policies and procedures for sterile processing and ensuring CSP staff members process instruments correctly. Monitoring staff member practices can be a demanding and difficult task, but it is critical for safe patient outcomes. The CSP and perioperative leaders at our facility found that regular consultation and collaboration with the Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control (HEIC) is an effective way to ensure that patient safety is at the forefront of CDS practices. These leaders established an oversight committee to address a variety of infection prevention concerns, including environment of care rounds, implementation of manufacturers’ instructions for use, and CDS standardization. This article highlights how CSP and HEIC leaders and staff members partnered to implement and sustain CDS best practices and protocols.
Instrument Manufacturing: Implications for Perioperative Teams
Authors: Moss Rose , Prescott Darin M. , Spear Joan M. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe development of surgical instruments began thousands of years ago and continues to evolve. National and international government agencies regulate the manufacturing of instruments in some cases, and the differing regulations can affect instrument quality. Although stainless steel contains an alloy of iron and chromium with other metal and nonmetal materials, its composition can vary; this variation may cause instruments to function differently than expected. The manufacturing process for surgical instruments is complex, and perioperative nurses should understand the process to assist with purchasing decisions. When making these decisions, perioperative nurses should partner with surgeons, sterile processing department personnel, and the manufacturers’ representatives to discuss the scope of use and plans for reprocessing. Surgical instruments’ functionality can affect procedure efficiency, patient outcomes, and surgeon satisfaction. Knowledge about surgical instrument manufacturing should help perioperative teams provide safer care for their patients.
#BlockSidewalk to Barcelona: Technological sovereignty and the social license to operate smart cities
Authors: Mann Monique , Mitchell Peta , Foth Marcus , Anastasiu Irina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article explores technological sovereignty as a way to respond to anxieties of control in digital urban contexts, and argues that this may promise a more meaningful social license to operate smart cities. First, we present an overview of smart city developments with a critical focus on corporatization and platform urbanism. We critique Alphabet's Sidewalk Labs development in Toronto, which faces public backlash from the #BlockSidewalk campaign in response to concerns over not just privacy, but also lack of community consultation, the prospect of the city losing its civic ability to self‐govern, and its repossession of public land and infrastructure. Second, we explore what a more responsible smart city could look like, underpinned by technological sovereignty, which is a way to use technologies to promote individual and collective autonomy and empowerment via ownership, control, and self‐governance of data and technologies. To this end, we juxtapose the Sidewalk Labs development in Toronto with the Barcelona Digital City plan. We illustrate the merits (and limits) of technological sovereignty moving toward a fairer and more equitable digital society.
Evaluating heterogeneity in ASD symptomatology, cognitive ability, and adaptive functioning among 16p11.2 CNV carriers
Authors: Hudac Caitlin M. , Bove Joanna , Barber Shelley , Duyzend Michael , Wallace Ari , Martin Christa Lese , Ledbetter David H. , Hanson Ellen , Goin‐Kochel Robin P. , Green‐Snyder LeeAnne , Chung Wendy K. , Eichler Evan E. , Bernier Raphael A. 
Published: June 2020

Individuals with 16p11.2 copy number variant (CNV) show considerable phenotypic heterogeneity. Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is reported in approximately 20–23% of individuals with 16p11.2 CNVs, ASD‐associated symptoms are observed in those without a clinical ASD diagnosis. Previous work has shown that genetic variation and prenatal and perinatal birth complications influence ASD risk and symptom severity. This study examined the impact of genetic and environmental risk factors on phenotypic heterogeneity among 16p11.2 CNV carriers. Participants included individuals with a 16p11.2 deletion (N = 96) or duplication (N = 77) with exome sequencing from the Simons VIP study. The presence of prenatal factors, perinatal events, additional genetic events, and gender was studied. Regression analyses examined the contribution of each risk factor on ASD symptomatology, cognitive functioning, and adaptive abilities. For deletion carriers, perinatal and additional genetic events were associated with increased ASD symptomatology and decrements in cognitive and adaptive functioning. For duplication carriers, secondary genetic events were associated with greater cognitive impairments. Being female sex was a protective factor for both deletion and duplication carriers. Our findings suggest that ASD‐associated risk factors contribute to the variability in symptom presentation in individuals with 16p11.2 CNVs.Lay SummaryThere are a wide range of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms and abilities observed for individuals with genetic changes of the 16p11.2 region. Here, we found perinatal complications contributed to more severe ASD symptoms (deletion carriers) and additional genetic mutations contributed to decreased cognitive abilities (deletion and duplication carriers). A potential protective factor was also observed for females with 16p11.2 variations. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1300–1310. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Timing of descriptions shapes experience‐based risky choice
Authors: Weiss‐Cohen Leonardo , Konstantinidis Emmanouil , Harvey Nigel 
Published: June 2020

SummaryRisky decisions based on the combination of different sources of information (e.g., decisions from description‐plus‐experience) have mostly been ignored, as research has focused on examining each source separately. Across three experiments, we explore the intricate relationship between experience and description by manipulating when descriptive information about risky options is made available during an experience‐based task. The results show that the amount of prior experience moderates the way that descriptive information is considered and integrated in the decision‐making process: Descriptions affected behavior more when participants had little experience with the task, whereas their effect was less pronounced with extended experience. This relationship reversed when participants had access to foregone payoffs, with descriptions being considered more when participants had more time to interact with the task. Potential mechanisms and theoretical accounts are discussed with an emphasis on how the results and conclusions of the present work can be applied to the effective design of warning labels.