bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefits of robotically-assisted surgery for complex mitral valve repair
Authors: Fujita Tomoyuki , Kakuta Takashi , Kawamoto Naonori , Shimahara Yusuke , Yajima Shin , Tadokoro Naoki , Kitamura Soichiro , Kobayashi Junjiro , Fukushima Satsuki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To determine whether robotic mitral valve repair can be applied to more complex lesions compared with minimally invasive direct mitral valve repair through a right thoracotomy.

METHODS
We enrolled 335 patients over a 9-year period; 95% of the robotic surgeries were performed after experience performing direct mitral valve repair.

RESULTS
The mean age in the robotic versus thoracotomy repair groups was 61 ± 14 vs 55 ± 11 years, respectively (P &lt; 0.001); 97% vs 100% of the patients, respectively, had degenerative aetiologies. Repair complexity was simple in 106 (63%) vs 140 (84%), complex in 34 (20%) vs 20 (12%) and most complex in 29 (17%) vs 6 (4%) patients undergoing robotic versus thoracotomy repair, respectively. The average complexity score with robotic repair was significantly higher versus thoracotomy repair (P &lt; 0.001). The robotic group underwent more chordal replacement using polytetrafluoroethylene and less resections. All patients underwent ring annuloplasty. Cross-clamp time did not differ between the groups, and no strokes or deaths occurred. More patients undergoing robotic repair underwent concomitant procedures versus the thoracotomy group (30% vs 14%, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). The overall repair rate was 100%, with no early mortality or strokes in either group. Postoperative mean residual mitral regurgitation was 0.3 in both groups, and the mean pressure gradient through the mitral valve was 2.4 vs 2.7 mmHg (robotic versus thoracotomy repair, respectively; P = 0.031).

CONCLUSIONS
Robotic surgery can be applied to repair more complex mitral lesions, with excellent early outcomes.
Platforms as regulators
Authors: Dunne Niamh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The proposition that certain digital platforms act as ‘regulators’ within their own business models is a key pillar of the European Commission report on Competition Policy for the Digital Era, and the basis upon which its authors build a wide-ranging duty for dominant platforms to secure competition that is ‘fair, unbiased and pro-users’. This article seeks to shed light on this novel contention, exploring its meaning and the implications for platform operators. It considers the rationale provided within the report and compares the approach with established Article 102 TFEU case law, specifically the ‘special responsibility’ doctrine. Consideration is further given to whether the platforms-as-regulators notion aligns with alternative modes of regulation within the digital sphere. The aim is to explore whether this approach is coherent, and actually useful, as a means by which to frame and direct future enforcement against digital platforms.
Platymaia Miers, 1885 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Inachidae) can swim
Authors: Wicksten Mary K , Bingo Sarah 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Two small spider crabs belonging to a species of Platymaia Miers, 1885 (Inachidae) were photographed by video feed from the Nautilus Exploration Program vessel Nautilus at 706 m off American Samoa, Pacific Ocean. Individuals swam by extending and contracting their very long, slender legs, rising above the sea floor by an estimated 2 m. These crabs do not have paddles on the fifth pereiopods, but they have setose legs. This is the first report of swimming in the wild for a crab of this genus.
Taxation of Digital Services Under Trade Agreements
Authors: Noonan Chris , Plekhanova Victoria 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The digitalization of the economy combined with sophisticated tax planning has enabled some multinationals to avoid paying almost any income tax in most market jurisdictions from which they earn substantial profits. Faced with financial and political pressures to act, market states have sought to expand their tax bases so that these multinationals, especially those providing internet advertising and digital intermediation services, pay their ‘fair’ share of tax. The failure to reach an agreed outcome among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and Group of Twenty members has led to an increasing number of states to take unilateral measures. In doing so, states need to navigate their obligations under double taxation agreements and trade agreements. An examination of typical double taxation agreements, the General Agreement on Trade in Services, and recent preferential trade agreements shows that states have limited options to expand their tax bases in compliance with their international obligations. Here, the imposition of an appropriately designed digital services tax has political and legal advantages. The growing volume of cross-border digital services and data flows suggests that greater engagement between the international tax and trade regimes is likely in the future, including in the negotiations of disciplines on electronic commerce.
Field Evaluation of a Spatial Repellent Emanation Vest for Personal Protection Against Outdoor Biting Mosquitoes
Authors: Sukkanon Chutipong , Tisgratog Rungarun , Muenworn Vithee , Bangs Michael J , Hii Jeffrey , Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExophilic vectors are an important contributor to residual malaria transmission. Wearable spatial repellents (SR) can potentially provide personal protection in early evening hours before people retire indoors. An SR prototype for passive delivery of transfluthrin (TFT) for protecting humans against nocturnal mosquitoes in Kanchanaburi, western Thailand, is evaluated. A plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheet (676 cm2) treated with 55-mg TFT (TFT-PET), attached to the back of short-sleeve vest worn by human collector, was evaluated under semifield and outdoor conditions. Field-caught, nonblood-fed female Anopheles minimus s.l. were released in a 40 m length, semifield screened enclosure. Two collectors positioned at opposite ends conducted 12-h human-landing collections (HLC). The outdoor experiment was conducted between treatments among four collectors at four equidistant positions who performed HLC. Both trials were conducted for 30 consecutive nights. TFT-PET provided 67% greater protection (P &lt; 0.001) for 12 h compared with unprotected control, a threefold reduction in the attack. In outdoor trials, TFT-PET provided only 16% protection against An. harrisoni Harbach & Manguin (Diptera: Culicidae) compared with unprotected collector (P = 0.0213). The TFT-PET vest reduced nonanophelines landing by 1.4-fold compared with the PET control with a 29% protective efficacy. These findings suggest that TFT-PET had diminished protective efficacy in an open field environment. Nonetheless, the concept of a wearable TFT emanatory device has the potential for protecting against outdoor biting mosquitoes. Further development of portable SR tools is required, active ingredient selection and dose optimization, and more suitable device design and materials for advancing product feasibility.
The Simple Economics of Wholesale Price-Parity Agreements: The Case of the Airline Tickets Distribution Industry*
Authors: Padilla Jorge , Piccolo Salvatore , Watson Nadine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper clarifies the differences between retail and wholesale price-parity agreements in vertical industries. In contrast to traditional wide and narrow retail price-parity arrangements, the competitive effects of wholesale price-parity depend on the complexity of the vertical supply chain, the business model operated by sellers and distributors, and the strength of competition between direct and indirect distribution channels. While retail price-parity agreements are almost always anticompetitive, wholesale price-parity agreements may positively affect consumer welfare when direct and indirect distribution channels are close substitutes. To demonstrate the relevance of our analysis for competition policy, we illustrate our findings by referring to an industry that has recently attracted policy and regulatory interest on both sides of the Atlantic: the airline ticket distribution industry. We find that, in this industry, while wholesale price-parity agreements always harm airlines, Global Distribution Systems (GDSs) have preferences more aligned with consumers: when consumers benefit from these provisions, GDSs benefit too.
JEL: K21, L13, L40
In Utero Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Authors: Von Kohorn Isabelle , Stein Sydney R , Shikani Beatrix T , Ramos-Benitez Marcos J , Vannella Kevin M , Hewitt Stephen M , Kleiner David E , Alejo Julie C , Burbelo Peter , Cohen Jeffrey I , Wiedermann Bernhard L , Chertow Daniel S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Evidence for in utero transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is growing but not definitive. We present a case of neonatal infection that supports in utero transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and provides insight into the hematogenous spread from mother to fetus.
Extracellular vesicles released from irradiated neonatal mouse cheek tissue increased cell survival after radiation
Authors: Ariyoshi Kentaro , Hiroyama Yota , Fujiwara Naoya , Miura Tomisato , Kasai Kosuke , Nakata Akifumi , Fujishima Yohei , Ting Goh Valerie Swee , Yoshida Mitsuaki A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Alopecia is one of the common symptoms after high-dose radiation exposure. In our experiments, neonatal mice that received 7 Gy X-ray exhibited defects in overall hair growth, except for their cheeks. This phenomenon might suggest that some substances were secreted and prevented hair follicle loss in the infant tissues around their cheeks after radiation damage. In this study, we focused on exosome-like vesicles (ELV) secreted from cheek skin tissues and back skin tissues, as control, and examined their radiation protective effects on mouse fibroblast cell lines. We observed that ELV from irradiated cheek skin showed protective effects from radiation. Our results suggest that ELV from radiation-exposed cheek skin tissue is one of the secreted factors that prevent hair follicle loss after high-dose radiation.
HIGH-TILLERING AND DWARF 12 modulates photosynthesis and plant architecture by affecting carotenoid biosynthesis in rice
Authors: Zhou Hui , Yang Mai , Zhao Lei , Zhu Zuofeng , Liu Fengxia , Sun Hongying , Sun Chuanqing , Tan Lubin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Photosynthesis and plant architecture are important factors influencing grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Here, we identified a high-tillering and dwarf 12 (htd12) mutant and analyzed the effects of the HTD12 mutation on these important factors. HTD12 encodes a 15-cis-ζ-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO) belonging to the nitrite and nitric oxide reductase U (NnrU) protein family, as revealed by positional mapping and transformation experiments. Sequence analysis showed that a single nucleotide transition from guanine (G) to adenine (A) in the 3’ acceptor site between the first intron and second exon of HTD12 alters its mRNA splicing in htd12 plants, resulting in a 49-amino acid deletion that affects carotenoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis. In addition, compared with the wild type, htd12 had significantly lower concentrations of ent-2’-epi-5-deoxystrigol (epi-5DS), a native strigolactone, in both roots and root exudates, resulting in an obvious increase in tiller number and decrease in plant height. These findings indicate that HTD12, the rice homolog of Z-ISO, regulates chloroplast development and photosynthesis by functioning in carotenoid biosynthesis, and modulates plant architecture by affecting strigolactone concentrations.
A network-based comparative framework to study conservation and divergence of proteomes in plant phylogenies
Authors: Shin Junha , Marx Harald , Richards Alicia , Vaneechoutte Dries , Jayaraman Dhileepkumar , Maeda Junko , Chakraborty Sanhita , Sussman Michael , Vandepoele Klaas , Ané Jean-Michel , Coon Joshua , Roy Sushmita 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Comparative functional genomics offers a powerful approach to study species evolution. To date, the majority of these studies have focused on the transcriptome in mammalian and yeast phylogenies. Here, we present a novel multi-species proteomic dataset and a computational pipeline to systematically compare the protein levels across multiple plant species. Globally we find that protein levels diverge according to phylogenetic distance but is more constrained than the mRNA level. Module-level comparative analysis of groups of proteins shows that proteins that are more highly expressed tend to be more conserved. To interpret the evolutionary patterns of conservation and divergence, we develop a novel network-based integrative analysis pipeline that combines publicly available transcriptomic datasets to define co-expression modules. Our analysis pipeline can be used to relate the changes in protein levels to different species-specific phenotypic traits. We present a case study with the rhizobia-legume symbiosis process that supports the role of autophagy in this symbiotic association.
Abundance of primordial black holes in peak theory for an arbitrary power spectrum
Authors: Yoo Chul-Moon , Harada Tomohiro , Hirano Shin’ichi , Kohri Kazunori 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We modify the procedure for estimating the primordial black hole (PBH) abundance proposed in [C.-M. Yoo, T. Harada, J. Garriga, and K. Kohri, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2018, 123E01 (2018)] so that it can be applied to a broad power spectrum such as the scale-invariant flat power spectrum. In the new procedure we focus on peaks of the Laplacian of the curvature perturbation $\Delta \zeta$, and use the values of $\Delta \zeta$ and $\Delta \Delta \zeta $ at each peak to specify the profile of $\zeta$ as a function of the radial coordinate; the values of $\zeta$ and $\Delta \zeta$ are used in the previous paper. The new procedure decouples the larger-scale environmental effect from the estimate of PBH abundance. Because the redundant variance due to the environmental effect is eliminated, we obtain a narrower shape of the mass spectrum compared to the previous procedure. Furthermore, the new procedure allows us to estimate the PBH abundance for the scale-invariant flat power spectrum by introducing a window function. Although the final result depends on the choice of the window function, we show that the $k$-space tophat window minimizes the extra reduction of the mass spectrum due to the window function. That is, the $k$-space tophat window has the minimum required property in the theoretical PBH estimation. Our procedure makes it possible to calculate the PBH mass spectrum for an arbitrary power spectrum by using a plausible PBH formation criterion with the nonlinear relation taken into account.
Infinite-Parameter ADHM Transform
Authors: Ward R. S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Atiyah–Drinfeld–Hitchin–Manin transform and its various generalizations are examples of nonlinear integral transforms between finite-dimensional moduli spaces. This note describes a natural infinite-dimensional generalization, where the transform becomes a map from boundary data to a family of solutions of the self-duality equations in a domain.
The Alternating Block Decomposition of Iterated Integrals and Cyclic Insertion on Multiple Zeta Values
Authors: Charlton Steven 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The cyclic insertion conjecture of Borwein, Bradley, Broadhurst and Lisoněk states that by inserting all cyclic permutations of some initial blocks of 2’s into the multiple zeta value ζ(1, 3, … , 1, 3) and summing, one obtains an explicit rational multiple of a power of π. Hoffman gives a conjectural identity of a similar flavour concerning $ 2 \zeta(3,3,\{2\}^m) - \zeta(3,\{2\}^m,1,2) $.
In this paper, we introduce the ‘generalized cyclic insertion conjecture’, which we describe using a new combinatorial structure on iterated integrals—the so-called alternating block decomposition. We see that both the original BBBL cyclic insertion conjecture, and the Hoffman’s conjectural identity, are special cases of this generalized cyclic insertion conjecture. By using Brown’s motivic MZV framework, we establish that some symmetrized version of the generalized cyclic insertion conjecture always holds, up to a rational; this provides some evidence for the generalized conjecture.
Clinico-epidemiologic characteristics of the 2019 dengue outbreak in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Jahid , Tabassum Tamanna , Sharif Mohiuddin , Khan Mohammad Abdullah Saeed , Bipasha Akhi Roy , Basher Ariful , Islam Mohammad Rafiqul , Amin Mohammad Robed , Gozal David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundDengue fever shows a broad range of clinical presentations worldwide. Here we report on our clinical findings during the 2019 dengue outbreak in one of the largest tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh.MethodsA total of 747 suspected dengue cases (553 confirmed and 194 probable) were interviewed with a pro forma case record form. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 20.0. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Dhaka Medical College.ResultsThe mean age of the dengue cases was 27 y and approximately two-thirds were male. Positive tests for NS1 and anti-dengue immunoglobulin M antibody were present in 91.9% and 59.4% of the cases, respectively. Thrombocytopenia was present in 69% of cases and fever was present in 99.1% of cases. Gastrointestinal (GI) features, including anorexia and/or vomiting (69.4%), abdominal pain (39.8%) and diarrhoea (25.6%), were more prevalent than typical rash and pain symptoms. Hypotension was present in approximately one-quarter of patients (25.4%). Probable and confirmed dengue cases have shown similar clinical characteristics and laboratory findings.ConclusionsThe 2019 outbreak of dengue fever in Bangladesh was characterized by increased presentation with GI features. Recognition of this trend would permit early diagnosis and proper management of patients.
The Political Economy of the Related Party Transactions Regulation in the Shareholders’ Rights Directive II
Authors: Gözlügöl Alperen Afşin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study tracks the legislative process of the Shareholders’ Rights Directive II as regards the regulation of related party transactions (RPT) and identifies important factors that have led to the current regime of RPT regulation in the EU. While the European Commission’s Proposal subjected material RPTs to approval by the majority of (minority) shareholders (MOM approval) and a number of other requirements, the requirements have been greatly watered down in the legislative process. The analysis suggests that the ambition of the European policy makers to strengthen European capital markets and attract/facilitate more foreign/cross-border investment led the European Commission to propose MOM approval for RPTs based on the feedback/demand from the institutional investors. This proposal, however, faced a backlash from the business community and some Member States. Relatedly, as a result of the pressure of the interest groups that represent the European companies and some reluctant Member States, during the legislative process, numerous compromises have been made, giving wide discretion to Member States in devising a regime of RPT regulation and effectively spelling the death of the European Commission’s ambitions. The study then concludes by connecting this process to accounts of how corporate law develops in the literature.
Evaluation of Resident Physicians’ Knowledge of and Attitudes Towards Prescribing Buprenorphine for Patients With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Shuey Bryant , Lee Dasom , Ugalde Israel , Borgan Saif , Bresnan Caroline , Qureshi Marvi , Mhaskar Rahul , Oxner Asa 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
To determine internal medicine (IM) residents’ knowledge of, attitudes towards, and barriers to prescribing buprenorphine for opioid use disorder (OUD).

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study of IM residents across all 35 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) accredited Florida IM residency programs. We used an online survey to collect information about resident demographics, substance use curriculums, career interests, content knowledge about diagnosing and managing OUD, and attitudes about and barriers to prescribing buprenorphine for OUD. We used Chi-square test to explore differences in interest in prescribing buprenorphine. We created a composite knowledge score and investigated distribution of knowledge among characteristics via Mann-Whitney U test.

Results:
There were 161 participants (response rate 16.0%, n = 1008) across 35 programs Seventy-seven percent of residents provided care for patients with OUD more than once per month. Seventy-four percent report no buprenorphine prescribing training. Higher knowledge scores, interest in primary care, being an intern, and caring for patients with OUD more than monthly were associated with interest in obtaining a buprenorphine waiver (P < 0.05). Limited knowledge about OUD was the most important barrier to prescribing buprenorphine. Eighty-nine percent support legislation to deregulate buprenorphine.

Conclusions:
Knowledge about managing OUD was poor and represented the most commonly cited barrier to prescribing buprenorphine. Residents want to expand their role in treating OUD. Our findings warrant incorporating addiction medicine into residency curriculum standards. Legislation removing the buprenorphine waiver requirement may increase the number of resident buprenorphine prescribers and improve treatment options for patients with opioid addiction.
Femoral Neck Hounsfield Units as an Adjunct for Bone Mineral Density After Combat-Related Lower Extremity Amputation
Authors: Hoyt Benjamin W. , Lundy Alex E. , Clark DesRaj M. , Colantonio Donald , Tintle Scott M. , Potter Benjamin K. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
To correlate femoral neck Hounsfield units (HUs) measured on a computed tomography (CT) scan to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) T-scores allowing evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD) over time after lower extremity trauma–related amputation.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
United States military trauma referral center.

Patients:
Military combat-related lower extremity amputees with both DEXA and CT scans within 6 months of each other.

Intervention:
None.

Main Outcome Measures:
Correlation between femoral neck comprehensive mean HUs and BMD and HUs threshold for low BMD.

Results:
Regression model correlation (r) between CT HU and DEXA T-score was r = 0.84 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52–0.94] and r = 0.81 (95% CI 0.57–0.92) when CT imaging was separated from DEXA by less than 4 and 5 months, respectively. Beyond 5 months separation, correlation decreased to r = 0.60 (95% CI 0.29–0.80). Using a receiver operator characteristic curve for mean comprehensive HUs to determine low BMD with 4-month cut-off, a threshold of 151 HUs was 97% sensitive and 84% specific to identify low BMD, whereas 98 HUs was 100% sensitive and 100% specific to identify osteoporosis.

Conclusion:
Using opportunistic CT, clinicians can reliably estimate BMD in trauma-related amputees. This information will inform providers making decisions regarding weightbearing and bisphosphonate therapy to limit further loss. Future phases of this study will aim to use this correlation to study the effects of weightbearing advancement timing, bisphosphonate therapy, and interventions on the natural history of bone density after amputation.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.