bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poblaciones Chachis y Afrodescendientes: Relación con la Gestión y Conservación en el Parque Nacional Cotacachi Cayapas
Authors: Ortiz Castro Mérida E. , Bastidas Gómez Alejandra V. 
Published: December 2024

Las áreas protegidas son un mecanismo de conservación in situ para el manejo de la biodiversidad y la protección de los recursos naturales. La gestión de las áreas protegidas está estrechamente vinculada con el contexto ambiental, económico y social. En este estudio se analizó la percepción de las poblaciones Chachis y Afrodescendientes con la gestión del Parque Nacional Cotacachi Cayapas. Se levantó información a través de herramientas como las encuestas y entrevistas, además de la ejecución de talleres con los actores involucrados. La muestra quedó constituida por los líderes comunitarios, el administrador del área protegida y guardaparques. Entre los resultados principales de esta investigación, se determinó que la población está de acuerdo con la conservación de los bosques, los ríos y la vida silvestre, pero indican que necesitan más apoyo económico y social, para mejorar su estilo de vida. Se concluye que es de vital importancia procesos a largo plazo de educación formal y no formal, para lograr empoderar a las comunidades en el ámbito de la conservación ambiental y protección de sus recursos.
Former de futures personnes enseignantes
Authors: Nadeau Sandy 
Published: December 2024

L’engagement parental est central pour l’accompagnement scolaire de l’enfant. Il apparait ainsi pertinent de le soutenir afin qu’il puisse collaborer avec l’école. Or, plusieurs études reconnaissent que les parents de milieux plus défavorisés ont tendance à rencontrer plus de difficultés à s’engager dans l’accompagnement de leur enfant, ce qui représente un obstacle à l’équité pour favoriser la réussite de tous les élèves.
Il ressort que les personnes enseignantes se sentent démunies et peu outillées pour soutenir l’engagement de parents issus de milieux défavorisés (Lozancic et al., 2019). Pour l’équité et l’inclusion de ces élèves et de leur famille, une plus grande compréhension des raisons sous-jacentes au faible engagement de ces parents et des défis qu’ils rencontrent apparait incontournable.
Dans le cadre de la formation en enseignement au préscolaire et au primaire, une initiative est ainsi mise en place dans le but que les personnes enseignantes portent un regard sur les caractéristiques de cette relation bidirectionnelle entre la personne enseignante et le parent, notamment au regard des réalités dans les milieux défavorisés. Dans l’idée de sensibiliser les acteurs qui collaborent avec des parents économiquement et socialement vulnérables, des leviers sont identifiés.
Weaving a Better Future
Authors: Duquette Patrick , Simon Joseph 
Published: December 2024

Within our educational system, we have often heard equity referred to as the
appropriate distribution of resources such as assistive technology, or extra time on
exams, with academic success as the goal. We appreciate this view of equity, but we
would like to expand it. What if, instead of seeing equity only as the provision of
material resources to students, we also saw it as the provision of social and
emotional resources ? Furthermore, what if instead of only having academic success
as the end goal of education, we also aimed for students’ well-being ? Moreover, we
would also like to argue that by doing this we would also be able to enhance their
chances of success in life beyond academics. Allow us to explain.
Different prevalence and spectrum of malignancy between Chinese patients and American patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a comparative study
Authors: Ouyang Zhi-Ming , Zou Yao-Wei , Pan Jie , Lu Ye , Yang Ying , Li Qian-Hua , Ma Jian-Da , Jia Pei-Wen , Wu Tao , Fan Yu-Ting , Lin Jian-Zi , Wei Xiu-Ning , Yang Kui-Min , Su Yun , Dai Lie 
Published: December 2024

Objective
To characterize the epidemiological characteristics of malignancy in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) versus American patients and investigate their associated factors.

Methods
Data were collected from a real-world Chinese RA population and American patients with RA from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. The prevalence and subtypes of malignancy and their potential associated factors were investigated in both populations.

Results
A total of 2,073 Chinese and 2,928 American patients with RA were included. There was a lower prevalence of malignancy in Chinese than in their American counterparts before (5.7% vs. 17.1%) and after matching (6.2% vs. 12.6%, both P < 0.001). Gender discrepancies in malignancy prevalence were observed, with a male predilection for RA with malignancy in China (8.2% vs. 5.5%), while it was the opposite in American patients (10.1% vs. 13.5%, both P < 0.05). The top type of malignancy among male patients with RA was lung cancer in Chinese (2.29%), but non-melanoma skin cancer (3.43%) in American; while among female patients was breast cancer both in Chinese (1.72%) and American (3.43%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that older age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.050) and positive anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (OR = 2.752) were independently associated with malignancy in Chinese patients with RA, while female (OR = 1.395), older age (OR = 1.033), active smoking (OR = 1.580) and cardiovascular diseases (OR = 1.523) in American patients.

Conclusion
The prevalence, subtypes and risk factors of malignancy were substantially different in Chinese patients with RA and their American counterparts, which implied the importance of individualized malignancy screening strategies for patients with RA.
Porous Carbons: Structure‐Oriented Design and Versatile Applications
Authors: Tian Wenjie , Zhang Huayang , Duan Xiaoguang , Sun Hongqi , Shao Guosheng , Wang Shaobin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPorous carbon materials have demonstrated exceptional performance in a variety of energy‐ and environment‐related applications. Over the past decades, tremendous efforts have been made in the coordinated design and fabrication of porous carbon nanoarchitectures in terms of pore sizes, surface chemistry, and structure. Herein, structure‐oriented carbon design and applications are reviewed. The unique properties of porous carbon materials that offer them promising design opportunities and broad applicability in some representative fields, including water remediation, CO2 capture, lithium‐ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, lithium metal anodes, Na‐ion batteries, K‐ion batteries, supercapacitors, and the oxygen reduction reaction are highlighted. Then, the most up‐to‐date strategies for structural control and functionalization of porous carbons are summarized, toward tailoring microporous, mesoporous, macroporous, and hierarchically porous carbons with disordered or ordered, amorphous or graphitic structures. Meanwhile, the emerging features of these structures in various applications are introduced where applicable. Finally, insights into the challenges and perspectives for future development are provided.
Design Rules for Laser‐Treated Icephobic Metallic Surfaces for Aeronautic Applications
Authors: Vercillo Vittorio , Tonnicchia Simone , Romano Jean‐Michel , García‐Girón Antonio , Aguilar‐Morales Alfredo I. , Alamri Sabri , Dimov Stefan S. , Kunze Tim , Lasagni Andrés Fabián , Bonaccurso Elmar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIce accretion on external aircraft surfaces due to the impact of supercooled water droplets can negatively affect the aerodynamic performance and reduce the operational capability and, therefore, must be prevented. Icephobic coatings capable of reducing the adhesion strength of ice to a surface represent a promising technology to support thermal or mechanical ice protection systems. Icephobicity is similar to hydrophobicity in several aspects and superhydrophobic surfaces embody a straightforward solution to the ice adhesion problem. Short/ultrashort pulsed laser surface treatments are proposed as a viable technology to generate superhydrophobic properties on metallic surfaces. However, it has not yet been verified whether such surfaces are generally icephobic under representative icing conditions. This study investigates the ice adhesion strength on Ti6Al4V, an alloy commonly used for aerospace components, textured by means of direct laser writing, direct laser interference patterning, and laser‐induced periodic surface structures laser sources with pulse durations ranging from nano‐ to femtosecond regimes. A clear relation between the spatial period, the surface microstructure depth, and the ice adhesion strength under different icing conditions is investigated. From these observations, a set of design rules can be defined for superhydrophobic surfaces that are icephobic, too.
Development of a Droplet Microfluidics Device Based on Integrated Soft Magnets and Fluidic Capacitor for Passive Extraction and Redispersion of Functionalized Magnetic Particles
Authors: Serra Marco , Gontran Emilie , Hajji Ismail , Malaquin Laurent , Viovy Jean‐Louis , Descroix Stephanie , Ferraro Davide 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBased on a recent droplet microfluidic device for target molecules' extraction, purification, and redispersion, here an original fluidic control system is proposed to improve the device versatility and usability. This approach relies on the coupling of functionalized magnetic particles handling by integrated soft magnets and a passive droplet splitting control at a channel junction. To reach the high standards required for bioassays' implementation, this device integrates a pressure‐driven variable volume component, acting as a fluidic capacitor, which allows a passive and controlled self‐triggered droplet fingering in a dead‐end channel. The working principle is described, and the modeling of the induced fingering phenomenon by an electric analogy is presented. Then, the achieved finger length is characterized as a function of geometrical and material properties of the fluidic capacitor. The complete device configuration guarantees extraction and purification efficiencies higher than 97% and 95%, respectively, showing high‐throughput particles handling between droplets with a passive droplet splitting control. Finally, this technology is successfully applied to gene expression study for cancer diagnosis by performing magnetic particle–based messenger RNA (mRNA) extraction followed by reverse transcription (RT) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analysis.
Lengthening the Lifetime of Common Emissive Probes to Microseconds by a Jigsaw‐Like Construction of NIR‐Responsive Nanohybrids
Authors: Estebanez Nestor , Ferrera‐González Juan , Cortez‐Cevallos Ian Alberto , González‐Béjar María , Pérez‐Prieto Julia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChemical/biological sensing by means of luminescence still requires improvement of signal contrast and depth of sample imaging. Though there is a considerable number of emissive molecular and quantum dot probes, most of them absorb in the UV–vis range and emit in the visible and exhibit emission lifetime in the nanoscale. Optical bioimaging in the near infrared window based on these dyes offers reduced light scattering, lower competitive absorption, and reduced background autofluorescence, but it requires a high‐power pulsed laser. An approach to lengthening the emission lifetime of common fluorophores/probes is presented. It consists of coupling them to lanthanide‐based upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) via an easy, jigsaw‐like strategy. As a proof of concept, nanohybrids comprising UCNPs attached to fluorescein (a well‐known pH sensor) are prepared by connecting the key pieces through ionic interactions, i.e., without using any other reagents. Fluorescence imaging of the nanohybrids clearly shows the co‐occurrence of the UCNP and the chemical probe and as a consequence the long‐lived fluorescence of the probe due to resonance energy transfer from the UCNP. This strategy opens up endless possibilities to prepare new nanohybrids by selecting the key jigsaw pieces to exploit the color emission of common probes.
Dynamic Controls of Second‐Harmonic Generations in Both Forward and Backward Modes Using Reconfigurable Plasmonic Metawaveguide
Authors: Gao Xinxin , Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Hao Chi , Liu Liangliang , Ma Qian , Xu Peng , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSecond‐harmonic generation (SHG) has recently been explored in plasmonic metamaterials, but real‐time tunability of the nonlinear process still remains a challenge and has not been reported. Here, an ultrathin spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) waveguide loaded with varactor diodes is proposed to achieve high conversion efficiencies of SHGs in both forward and backward phase‐matching conditions in the same frequency band. The dispersion behaviors of SSPPs can be manipulated by adjusting the capacitance of the varactor diodes loaded on the unit structure, allowing forward and backward phase‐matching for both fundamental and second‐harmonic waves. Experiments are demonstrated in the microwave frequency to observe the dynamic controls of the forward/backward SHGs in a single SSPP platform, showing good agreement with theoretical predictions. It is expected that the reconfigurable SHGs may find many applications in nonlinear plasmonic metamaterials, wireless communication systems, and microwave integrated circuits.
Noncuring Graphene Thermal Interface Materials for Advanced Electronics
Authors: Naghibi Sahar , Kargar Fariborz , Wright Dylan , Huang Chun Yu Tammy , Mohammadzadeh Amirmahdi , Barani Zahra , Salgado Ruben , Balandin Alexander A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDevelopment of next‐generation thermal interface materials (TIMs) with high thermal conductivity is important for thermal management and packaging of electronic devices. The synthesis and thermal conductivity measurements of noncuring thermal paste, i.e., grease, based on mineral oil with a mixture of graphene and few‐layer graphene flakes as the fillers, is reported. The graphene thermal paste exhibits a distinctive thermal percolation threshold with the thermal conductivity revealing a sublinear dependence on the filler loading. This behavior contrasts with the thermal conductivity of curing graphene TIMs, based on epoxy, where superlinear dependence on the filler loading is observed. The performance of the thermal paste is benchmarked against top‐of‐the‐line commercial thermal pastes. The obtained results show that noncuring graphene TIMs outperforms the best commercial pastes in terms of thermal conductivity, at substantially lower filler concentration of φ = 27 vol%. The obtained results shed light on thermal percolation mechanism in noncuring polymeric matrices laden with quasi‐two‐dimensional fillers. Considering recent progress in graphene production via liquid phase exfoliation and oxide reduction, the results open a pathway for large‐scale industrial application of graphene in thermal management of electronics.
High Capacity Adsorption—Dominated Potassium and Sodium Ion Storage in Activated Crumpled Graphene
Authors: Lee Byeongyong , Kim Myeongjin , Kim Sunkyung , Nanda Jagjit , Kwon Seok Joon , Jang Hee Dong , Mitlin David , Lee Seung Woo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStructurally and chemically defective activated‐crumbled graphene (A‐CG) is employed to achieve unique synergy of large reversible potassium (K) and sodium (Na) ion storage capacity with fast charging and extended cyclability. A‐CG synthesis consists of low temperature spraying of graphene oxide slurry, followed by partial reduction annealing and air activation. For K storage, the reversible capacities are 340 mAh g−1 at 0.04 A g−1, 261 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, and 210 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1. For Na storage, the reversible capacities are 280 mAh g−1 at 0.04 A g−1, 191 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, and 151 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1. A‐CG shows a stable intermediate rate (0.5 Ag−1) cycling with both K and Na, with minimal fade after 2800 and 8000 cycles. These are among the most favorable capacity—rate capability—cyclability combinations recorded for potassium‐ion battery and sodium‐ion battery carbons. Electroanalytical studies (cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, b‐value) and density functional theory (DFT) reveal that enhanced electrochemical performance originates from ion adsorption at various defects, such as Stone–Wales defects. Moreover, DFT highlights enhanced thermodynamic stability of A‐CG with adsorbed K versus with adsorbed Na, explaining the unexpected higher reversible capacity with the former.
The choice of marketing channel and farm profitability: Empirical evidence from small farmers
Authors: Lee Brian , Liu Jhih‐Yun , Chang Hung‐Hao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOne longstanding research issue in agricultural marketing is the relationship between farm marketing channels and farm profitability. Due to the increasing consumer demand for food safety, direct‐to‐consumer marketing channels have been promoted. However, recent evidence shows that the adoption rate of farms that use direct‐to‐consumer marketing channels is still low, and it is not clear whether they can increase farm profitability. This study contributes to this issue in several ways. First, we examine whether the choice of different marketing channels, including sales to wholesalers, wholesale markets, and direct‐to‐consumer outlets by farm households affects farm profitability. Second, we discuss the mechanism behind these evident effects. We construct a large‐scale sample of fruit and vegetable farms drawn from the 2015 Taiwanese Agriculture Census Survey and estimate a semiparametric multivalued treatment effect model. Although the government is promoting direct marketing, we find that wholesale markets are the most profitable marketing channel for farms in Taiwan. Furthermore, results from the quantile analysis shows that this finding is more pronounced for farms with higher profits. With respect to the mechanism behind these observed effects, we find that profit differentials between marketing channels are likely attributable to the use of pesticides and fertilizers on farm production. [EconLit Citations: Q12, Q13].
A novel flow field with controllable pressure gradient to enhance mass transport and water removal of PEM fuel cells
Authors: Xing Lei , Xu Yuanxiang , Penga Željko , Xu Qian , Su Huaneng , Shi Weidong , Barbir Frano 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn easily machined novel flow field with controllable pressure gradient across adjacent channels was designed and a two dimensional, across‐the‐channel, two‐phase model was developed to study the gas transport and water removal of the novel configuration. The effect of channel‐rib width ratio, GDL thickness and pressure gradient on the profiles of oxygen concentration and water saturation within the GDL were investigated. Special attention was paid to the mechanisms of the promoted mass transport and water removal rates under a pressure gradient. The model was validated by experiments with various channel‐rib ratios and GDL thicknesses at different operating pressure. The results revealed that, oxygen concentration was increased, and the water saturation was reduced under the rib with a pressure gradient generated across the adjacent channels. The optimal pressure gradient is between 0.1 to 0.2 atm for the studied channel geometry and configuration. The mechanisms of the improved cell performance were elucidated.
Symmetry‐Protected Quantum Adiabatic Evolution in Spontaneous Symmetry‐Breaking Transitions
Authors: Zhuang Min , Huang Jiahao , Ke Yongguan , Lee Chaohong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractQuantum adiabatic evolution describes the dynamical evolution of a slowly driven Hamiltonian. In most systems undergoing spontaneous symmetry‐breaking transitions, the symmetry‐protected quantum adiabatic evolution can still appear, even when the two lowest eigenstates become degenerate. Here, a general derivation to revisit the symmetry‐dependent transition and the symmetry‐dependent adiabatic condition (SDAC) is given. Further, based on the SDAC, an adiabatic‐parameter‐fixed sweeping scheme is used for achieving fast adiabatic evolution, which is more efficient than the linear sweeping scheme. In the limit of small adiabatic parameter, an analytic inequality is obtained for the ground state fidelity only dependent on the adiabatic parameter. The general statements are then demonstrated via two typical systems. Besides, the robustness of the symmetry‐dependent adiabatic evolution against weak symmetry‐breaking sources is studied. The findings can be tested via the techniques in quantum annealing and may provide promising applications in practical quantum technologies.
Fuel Classification based on Flame Characteristics using a Time Series Analysis with Fuzzy Support Vector Machine Algorithm
Authors: Annadurai Swaminathan , Arock Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFlame monitoring and categorization become important in efficient power generation and energy conservation sectors. Flicker Frequency Range (FFR) is considered as the key factor to monitor flames and fuel identification. The fluctuation of combustion arises due to the varying quality of fuel, which causes the overlapping of FFR for different fuels leading to misclassification. In this work, we attempt to classify fuels based on flame characteristics output from a Digital Flame Scanner. A new model is proposed by combining Time Series Analysis with Fuzzy Support Vector Machine (TSA‐FSVM) for training, classification, and prediction of fuel types. With the help of 12,000 real‐time data collected from the Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Tuticorin branch (a public sector company, which manufactures power plant equipment), a comparative analysis is performed using different Machine Learning algorithms with the proposed technique. From the results, it is found that TSA‐FSVM outperforms existing as well as other Machine Learning methods by increasing the accuracy of predicting the right fuel. Thus, it helps to avoid the boiler system explosion/OFF state, which leads to conserving the energy, increases electricity production, and cost‐efficiency.
One polymer, one layer, and two opposite functions: Using a pH‐switchable polymer to fabricate a hydrophilic–hydrophobic fibrous membrane
Authors: Gorji Mohsen , Mazinani Saeedeh , Farokhmehr Alireza , Varsei Mehdi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThanks to their permissibility of vapor transmitting and resistance to water penetration, hydrophilic–hydrophobic membranes (HHMs) are a critical factor in so many applications. Current strategies focus on electrospinning hybrid layers from two different hydrophilic–hydrophobic polymers. Here, we report a new generation of HHMs by electrospinning one layer of pH‐switchable polymers followed by a simple post‐treatment. In doing so, a hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate)‐co‐poly(N,N‐diethylaminoethylmethacrylate) (PMMA‐co‐PDEAEMA) membrane is fabricated using the electrospinning method. Then, hydrochloric acid (HCl) vapor is used to convert one face of the membrane to a hydrophilic state. Field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, drop test, water contact angle (WCA), moisture management test (MMT), tensile strength, water vapor permeability (WVP), air permeability (AP), and cytotoxicity test were used to characterize the obtained membrane. The results show that by HCl vapor exposure, one side of the membrane gets successfully converted into a hydrophilic state, with the other side still remaining hydrophobic. The drop test and the WCA test showed that the optimal exposure time is only 5 min. This trigger has a small effect on the morphology and, subsequently, on water and air permeability as well as on the mechanical behavior of the membrane. This new generation of membranes can have applications in protective clothing and wound dressing.