bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of the IBEX Ribbon from Distributed Sources
Authors: Schwadron N. A. , McComas D. J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission discovered the presence of a global structure in energetic neutral atom emissions from the outer heliosphere not predicted by any model – the IBEX “ribbon”. In the search for possible explanations, observations have pointed to a likely source from neutral atoms produced through charge-exchange with the outflowing solar wind. The secondary (neutral) solar wind then undergoes charge-exchange beyond the heliopause to produce the proton population that forms the ribbon. Here we study the plasma structure beyond the heliopause created from distributed secondary neutral atom sources. We provide a framework to analyze the IBEX ribbon taking into account distributed neutral atom sources within the local interstellar medium.
MASS – Potential Applications in Superyachts
Authors: Balls Chris 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The current superyacht “Industry” continues to grow both in overall size and variety of vessel designs. Superyachts are sometimes only used privately by their owners whilst others are chartered out on a commercial basis and many operate in a combination of such modes. The largest numbers are for under 12 passengers and thus, despite having operations more akin to cruise ships, they are considered by most regulations as “Cargo Ships” those yachts carrying 13 or more passengers are considered “passenger ships”. Essentially Superyachts are just another type of ship and, as such, can easily benefit from developments in improving many ship related operations by MASS. This paper will cover a few of these areas. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and not necessarily those of his employer.
Experiences of main risks and mitigation in autonomous transport systems
Authors: Johnsen S O , Hoem Å , Jenssen G , Moen T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses experiences, risks and mitigation in autonomous transport systems, to improve learning and risk-based governance. This is based on literature reviews, experiences of autonomous transport systems and involvement in the regulatory process. The maturity varies between rail, road, aviation and shipping. Issues that may be transferred and adapted between modes are selected. The three research questions are: to describe major risks introduced by autonomous transport systems; how to mitigate the main risks through design and regulation; and suggest a way forward. The risk is dependent on operational domain, surrounding infrastructure, meaningful human control (including control centrals with human based interfaces), sensor ability, reliable propulsion and technology that are secure. Meaningful human control and system certification is a challenge. There is a need to gather data from incidents. In Norway autonomous shipping and road transportation are prioritized. Autonomy in rail and aviation, has not been prioritized in the same manner.
Navigation behavioural decision-making of MASS based on deep reinforcement learning and artificial potential field
Authors: Cheng-bo WANG , Xin-yu ZHANG , Jia-wei ZHANG , Zhi-guo DING , Lan-xuan AN 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To realize intelligent obstacle avoidance and local path decisions for maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) in uncertain environments, a navigation behavioural decision-making model based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm improved by artificial potential field (APF) is proposed. Based on the analysis of navigation decision system and perception principle, the action space, reward function, motion search strategy and action value function are designed respectively for the purpose of steering to collision avoidance. The navigation behavioural decision-making model for MASS is improved by adding the prior information, the gravitational potential field and the obstacle repulsion potential field to update the initial action state value function and search path. Python and Pygame modules are used to build a simulation chart. Effectiveness of the algorithm is verified, with Tianjin Xingang port as a study case. The simulation results show that the APF-DRL algorithm is better than the DRL algorithm in training iteration time and piloting decision path, which improves the self-learning ability of MASS, and can meet the requirements of MASS path decision and adaptive obstacle avoidance.
A responsibility-centered approach to defining levels of automation
Authors: Myhre Bård , Hellandsvik Are , Petersen Stig 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Several authors and organisations have over the last 40 years suggested various ways to describe different levels of automation. In this paper we give an introduction to some of the most relevant models and present some of the challenges faced when using them. Furthermore, we suggest a new definition for autonomy, based on responsibility instead of functionality. The paper analyses some relevant cases based on the suggested definition of autonomy, and points towards some issues that should be investigated in the maritime domain related to current definitions for autonomous ships.
Human-centred maritime autonomy - An ethnography of the future
Authors: Lutzhoft M , Hynnekleiv A , Earthy J V , Petersen E S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To date, autonomous shipping appears to primarily have been about a technology push rather than considering and providing sociotechnical solutions including re-design of work, capturing knowledge and addressing human factors in modern shipping. Autonomous shipping is frequently claimed to reduce human error, whereas in reality, any issue connected to humans will arguably move with the people from ship to shore in that different people will make different mistakes; with possibly more severe consequences. Furthermore, autonomous shipping is likely to require changes to regulation and increased attention to cyber security and other IT human-centred quality factors if it is to succeed. What the HUMANE project is interested in is how (in certain scenarios) the human collaborates with, hands over to, or takes over from the technology/automation to achieve an overall safe state of the system. The aim is to map and investigate a potential gap between current human skills, training and education and an autonomous maritime future, and to provide insight to enable mitigating change. The main project method is expert workshops, performed in a focus group style. Four workshops are planned and to date (mid 2019), two have been performed. The topic of the first was technology, and the second was legal, class and insurance implications. For this paper, we have analysed the data relevant to future skills. Results show that not only is the skill set imagined to be needed very different from that of today, it also contains many contradictory elements and, occasionally, demands for abilities that humans do not possess, and are unlikely to evolve.
The Role of River Embankment Workers in River Conservation in Surakarta City
Authors: Hadi Samsul , Muryani Chatarina , Santosa Sigit 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rivers in Surakarta City experience silting problems, pollution from both industrial and domestic waste, and flooding in rainy seasons. The government through the BBWS BS (the house of parliement of Bengawan Solo River) has carried out a series of river revitalization activities as an effort to handle the flooding in Surakarta City. These activities include normalizing rivers, widening rivers, relocating settlements from river borders, building dikes, building sluice gates, building pump houses and all facilities in the riverbank area. This government efforts will be useless if the community does not participate in protecting what the government has built. Public is still lack of awareness on the importance of maintaining the river sustainability. There are still many people who throw garbage into the river and use the river embankment not as it should be. To overcome this, BBWS BS has formed a river embankment worker, which is a special officer to treat, clean and maintain the physical shape of the Bengawan Solo river. This study aims to determine the role of the river embankment workers in conserving rivers in Surakarta City. The method used is TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior). Based on the results of the study it is known that the River Embankment Workers have a positive attitude in river preservation. River embankment workers also educate the public to participate in maintaining the preservation of the river. The difficulty faced by the River Embankment Workers is that people are still desperate to use the river embankment and throw garbage into the river.
Evaluation of Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis trisperma Blanco) Seed Oil Nanoemulsion as insecticide against Planococcus minor (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Authors: Prabowo Heri , Damaiyani Janis 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Estate commodities and flowering plants are mostly attacked by Planoccocus minor. Nowadays, botanical pesticide nanoemulsion technology is developing to be used to control insect pests. To evaluate the kemiri sunan seed oil nanoemulsion as insecticide against P.minor was the objective of this study. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replication was used on the kemiri sunan evaluation test. Each replication consist of seven concentration (0,2%; 0,39%; 0,78%; 1,56%; 3,13%; 6%; and water as control). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at α 95% followed by Duncan multiple test at α 5% was carried out. The evaluation result showed an increase in the insecticidal effect of kemiri sunan seed oil nanoemulsion against the insect species when formulated as a nano-emulsion. The application of kemiri sunan seed oil nanoemulsion for five day after treatment was able to cause the mortality of P. minor as much as 90%. Within 5 days after treatment, LC50 was 0.09 % and LT50 was 3,7 days. It is implies that the kemiri sunan seed oil nanoemulsion when to be sprayed may kill directly to the target pest and it is needed around 3,7 days to kill 50% population of pest. The results obtained indicate that kemiri sunan seed oil based nanoemulsion formulations can be used as toxicants for the control of P. minor. The kemiri sunan seed oil based nanoemulsion can be developed into botanical pesticides. Low chemical residues, safe for natural enemies and can be used as component in integrated pest management are the advantages of The kemiri sunan seed oil based nanoemulsion.
Landslide Disaster Potential In Warungkiara District, Sukabumi Regency, Based On The Analysis Of Quantitative Geomorphology And Land Use Data
Authors: Reza Ahmad , Maulana Mi’raj , Hilman dan Raisya NurAzizah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Land usage increases along with the rising population growth and development of a region. This leads to a greater potential for natural disasters caused by land degradation, especially on land with relatively steep to steep slopes. The research area is located in Warungkiara District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java Province. Geographically, Warungkiara lies between -6.910833° S – -7.000833° S and 106.712222° E – 106.802778° E. The study was conducted using primary fieldwork data and supporting secondary data. The geomorphological aspects considered in this research are the morphometric aspects supported by the land use of the research area. This research intends to assess the potential of landslide disaster based on quantitative geomorphology and land use data with hopes that it can be used as a reference for land management policies and for zoning landslide prone areas. Based on the analysis of quantitative geomorphology and land use data, areas with high likelihoods of landslide are found in research area zones 1, 5 and 6 which both have >40% grade. Areas with potential for landslides are found in zones 2 and 3 with grades of 15-25%. From our observations, areas with landslide potential have ineffective land management. It is recommend that land use in landslide prone areas should be reviewed, with a greater emphasis on land use that can reduce landslide potential. Human settlements and vital human activities should avoid areas of potential landslide disaster.
Cement Grouting Method for Increasing the Cone Value of Slopes at Semarang Multi Event Circuit, Mijen, Semarang
Authors: Widodo Brenanto Tsaqofa , Satria Muhammad Alam , Silaen Michael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Semarang City Government is currently building sports infrastructure in the form of Multi Event Circuit. The project is located in Mijen, Semarang, Central Java. The project requires cut and fill work to fit the development plan. The first phase of construction began in early 2017, but there was a failure of slope stability due to the absence of reinforced embankment slopes. Therefore, it is necessary to stabilize the slope with geotechnical engineering. Slope improvement plan is done by grouting to increase the shear strength of the embankment. The aims of this study is to determine the increasing of cone value with cement content 5% of the total soil weight, in order to obtain the shear strength value requirement. The determination of cement content based on economical factor. Cone Penetrating Test (CPT) was performed before the grouting to determine the initial shear strength of the embankment. This test is performed in a depth of 1 m below the soil surface. Soil sampling was also conducted for laboratory tests to find the soil weight volume. The soil weight volume is required to make the remoulded soil in the vat same as the initial compacted soil. Grouting is done by pouring the cement into the 9 layers of compacted soil according to the amount of weight in the vat volume. CPT was carried out on the soil layer in the vat after 3 days to obtain the increasing of cone value. The results of these experiments will be used for design of slope stability. Based on the results of the test using the 5% cement amount of total soil weight, the average cone value increased from 7 kg/cm2 to 15 kg/cm2. This increasing is significant enough to improve the stability of the embankment slopes.
Oil-Source Rock Correlation Of Oil Seepage And Rock Samples Collected From The Cibulakan Formation At Palimanan Area, West Java
Authors: Jatmiko Edi Wahyu , Kamtono Praptisih 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the results and discussion of a petroleum geochemistry study performed on two oil seepage and seven outcrop samples collected from the Cibulakan Formation at Palimanan area, West Java. The presence of two oil seepages in Palimanan area indicates that there is an effective source rock which has produces hydrocarbon. The objectives of the study were to determine the hydrocarbon source potential of outcrops, and to characterise selected rock extracts and oil seepage samples, and determine the progenitor source facies at time generation/expulsion. The method used in this research is field study and laboratory analysis. Field studies were conducted on oil and rock sampling, while the geochemical laboratory analysis includes Total Organic Carbon, Rock-Eval Pyrolysis, Vitrinite Reflectance, Kerogen Typing, Bitumen Extraction, Liquid Chromatography, Gas Chromatography fingerprint and GC-MS biomarker. The oil-source rock correlation to its oil based on GC fingerprint (n-alkane distributions) and GC-MS biomarker (triterpanes and sterane distributions) has been done. The oil seepage is correlated with possible source rocks from the Cibulakan Formation. Based on the n-alkane distribution the oil seepage showed biodegradation, but based on the biomarker distributions, it is interpreted that the oil seepage have been generated from a source rock facies containing mainly non-marine algal debris (Type II Kerogen) mixed with some input from terrestrial higher plant organic matter (Type III Kerogen). The oil seepage shows a moderately good correlation with the rock extracts based on GC-MS biomarker data. These biomarker parameters has been successfully used to determine the origin of oil with its precursor source rock by correlating the rock extracts to possible source rocks in the oil and gas exploration.
Geohazard Mitigation Based on Local Wisdom for Limestone Mining Site in Padalarang Area of West Java
Authors: Haerani Evi , Maemunah Euis , Hamid Nur , Muslim Ghazi O. , Muslim Dicky , Matsumoto Miki 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Padalarang area of Bandung Barat Regency is famous as location of limestone mining site in West Java Province. Several geological hazards such as landslide, soil erosion and sedimentation are frequently happen in the study area. Despite the environmental damages due to geohazards, there are still many people living in this area. The objective of this paper is to reveal the efforts of disaster risk reduction based on local knowledge and wisdom of people living around the limestone quarry. Methodology in this study consists of geohazards potential mapping to delineate the area of vulnerability and mapping of the people’s knowledge and experiences in their efforts to reduce the risk of disaster around their environment. Results show that several quarries in the study area are prone to landslide and rockslide with high vulnerability. Soil erosion and sedimentation are traceable in the rivers. Native inhabitants around mining site get used to build their homes on the slope in a traditional way to avoid the danger of sliding.. Eventhough the recent home building is popular using bricks but in some cases, the traditional building is expected to be more resilient to geohazards. Stone Garden and Guha Pawon are means of keeping environmental friendly and part of geohazard mitigation.
Probabilistic Analysis of theLaharic Hazard Assessment on Experimental Power Reactor, Puspiptek Area, Serpong
Authors: Sukadana I Gde , Susilo Yarianto Sugeng Budi , Heriwaseso Anjar , Alhakim Euis Etty 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Nuclear energy has a large potency to become the backbone of renewable energy in Indonesia, and it is expected to become a significant lifting factor in fulfilling the national electrical energy, furthermore nuclear technology could be grouped into the clean and safe technology. One of Nuclear program in Indonesia is development of Experimental Power Reactor (RDE) in Puspiptek, Serpong. Safety aspect in nuclear reactor technology covering site, construction and technology. One of the important site safety aspect is volcanology aspect, because of a volcanic event is could occur before, during, and after volcanic eruption which has the potency in producing hazard threats. The volcanic aspect assessment is to understanding the characteristics of volcanism and capabilities of volcanic hazards. In the 150 km radius from RDE site, there are six capable volcanoes, which are covering Anak Krakatau, Gede, Salak, Tangkubanparahu, Guntur volcanoes possessing different probability based on the eruption index. This paper focusing on the lahar hazard analysis from Gede and Salak Volcano. Analysis method conducted in this research is probabilistic of lahar. This method is combining of DEM with 9 m/pixel resolution and analysis using LAHARZ software. Even so, the volcano hazard evaluation towards the site is conducted with a hazard potency source from the phenomenon of the Salak and Gede volcanoes which are at a distance respectively of 41 km and 60 km from the RDE site. The Salak and Gede volcanoes are ones type of active volcanoes which show volcanic activity since 1600 until now. The maximum lahar potency using in this analysis are 60 million m3 from Salak Volcano produces a distribution spread of 35.35 km. Meanwhile, the reach of the lahar from Gede Volcano is 37.7 km. Therefore the lahar does not give any impacts to the RDE site.
Laser Particle Size Analysis (LPSA) approachment for Depositional Environment and Hydraulic Flow Unit (HFU) determination in Keutapang Formation, Rantau Field (North Sumatera Basin) and Air Benakat Formation, Tempino Field (South Sumatera Basin)
Authors: Pinem Johanes Maunda , Muslim Abdurahman Fajar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Keutapang Formation deposited in North Sumatra Basin at the mid to late miocen on regression phase. Air Benakat Formation deposited in South Sumatra Basin, has similar characteristic with Keutapang Formation which deposited in the regression & compressional phase near the same age. The purpose of this study is to know the relationship between Laser Particle Size Analysis (LPSA) and Depositional Environment to include Hydraulic Flow Unit (HFU) in each Formation to help reservoir characterization process and rock type determination. Laser Particle Size Analysis results show that both formations have grain size from 11 to 160 μm in other words is very fine sand (wentworth scale). Sorting ranges from 1.5 to 2.4Ø which is classified as poorly sorted to very poorly sorted. Skewness ranges from -0.091 to 0.658 Ø grouped into near symmetrical, fine, and very fine skewness. Kurtosis ranges from 0.686 to 1.102 Ø grouped into very platykurtic, platykurtic, and mesokurtic. Based on the Linear Discriminate Function (LDF) method, by evaluating the values of Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4, it describes that both formations are deposited on the Deltaic Environment with Shallow Agitated Water and dominated by traction currents. Difficulties in geomodelling process comes when there is no relationship between log analysis properties (which will be distributed) with HFU (from core data analysis). With LPSA data, we can obtain a linear (indirect) relationship between grain size and the shale volume on the same rock geometry. This relationship can be used to distribute HFU values by using a plot of grain size with HFU or Flow Zone Index.
Variable Selection to Determine Majors of Student using K-Nearest Neighbor and Naïve Bayes Classifier Algorithm
Authors: Mustakim  , Hastarimasuci Reysa , Papilo Petir , Zarkasih  , Zaitun  , Nazir Alwis 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Appropriate student’s major placement in high school can help students to better improve their academic achievement. There are many variables which must be considered to determine the student’s majors, such as: Gender, Interests, Intelligence Quotient (IQ); Four subjects in Junior High School (JHS), average junior high school grades, matriculation score of four subjects, and average rate of matriculation. The number of variables used in the selection, causes some weaknesses among them, such as the complexity of variable, the inefficiency of variable and the existence of some variables which is only as an addition without having a significant contribution. This study aims to reduce the number of these variables so it will become easier to analyze and to be applied. The Process of reduction was done by combining experiments with Predefined attributes. A total of ten combinations were attempted using K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) and Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) which then was measured by Confusion Matrix accuracy. The experimental result showed that the combination of variables which produce the best accuracy were the 9th and 10th experiment with variable matriculation, interest, and IQ, and an accuracy of 96.77% from K-NN also 98.38% from NBC. By combining both algorithms, 99.87% of maximum accuracy was obtained from those three variables. New information which can be extracted from this research is that there are only three important variables to determine major placement in Senior High School, Average Scores of Matriculation, Interests and IQ followed by four supporting variables such as the scores of Mathematic, Physics, English and Economics in Matriculation.