bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sampling insulin in different tissue compartments using microdialysis: methodological aspects
Authors: Högstedt Alexandra , Ghafouri Bijar , Tesselaar Erik , Farnebo Simon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSampling the concentration of insulin in human skin using microdialysis is challenging because of low intracutaneous concentrations and low recovery, presumably due to adsorption of insulin to the microdialysis system. In this study, we aimed to (1) measure how the concentration of insulin varies in three different tissue compartments (intracutaneous, subcutaneous and intravenous) and (2) to study how much insulin is adsorbed to the microdialysis catheter membranes and tubing during a typical microdialysis experiment, both in vivo and in vitro. We hypothesized that (1) the concentration of insulin decreases from the intravenous compartment to the intracutaneous and subcutaneous tissue, and that (2) adsorption of insulin to the microdialysis membrane and tubing impairs the recovery of insulin from the tissue. In this experimental study, microdialysis catheters were inserted intracutaneously, subcutaneously and intravenously in 11 healthy subjects. Systemic endogenous hyperinsulinemia was induced by intake of an oral glucose load. Insulin concentration was measured in the dialysate and in the extracted samples from the catheter membrane and tubings. In vitro microdialysis was performed to investigate the temporal resolution of the adsorption. After an oral glucose load insulin concentration increased intravenously, but not in the intracutaneous or subcutaneous compartments, while glucose, lactate and pyruvate concentrations increased in all compartments. The adsorption of insulin to the microdialysis membrane in vivo was highest in the intravenous compartment (p = 0.01), compared to the intracutaneous and subcutaneous compartments. In vitro, the adsorption to the microdialysis membrane was highest one hour after sampling, then the concentration gradually decreased after three and five hours of sampling. The concentration of insulin in peripheral tissues is low, probably due to decreasing tissue vascularity. Adsorption of insulin to the microdialysis membrane is modest but time-dependent. This finding highlights the importance of a stabilization time for the microdialysis system before sampling tissue analytes.
Rebuild doctor–patient trust in medical service delivery in China
Authors: Du Liang , Xu Jia , Chen Xu , Zhu Xuexue , Zhang Yu , Wu Ruiheng , Ji Haoqiang , Zhou Ling 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDoctor–patient trust is not strong in China, but studies examining this factor remain insufficient. The present study aimed to explore the effect of doctor–patient communication, medical service quality, and service satisfaction on patient trust in doctors. Five hundred sixty-four patients with tuberculosis participated in this cross-sectional study in Dalian, China. They completed questionnaires assessing socio-demographic characteristics, doctor–patient communication, medical service quality, service satisfaction and patient trust in medical staff. A structural equation model was applied to examine the hypotheses, and all the study hypotheses were supported: (1) doctor–patient communication, medical service quality and service satisfaction were positively associated with building doctor–patient trust; (2) service quality positively mediated the relationship between doctor–patient communication and trust; (3) medical service satisfaction positively mediated the relationship between doctor–patient communication and trust; (4) medical service satisfaction positively mediated the relationship between medical service quality and doctor–patient trust; and (5) medical service quality and service satisfaction were the positively sequential mediators between communication and doctor–patient trust. Based on these findings, improvements in doctor–patient communication, medical service quality, and service satisfaction are the important issues contributing to the rebuilding of doctor–patient trust in medical service delivery.
Selection and validation of experimental condition-specific reference genes for qRT-PCR in Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Li Xinan , Gong Peipan , Wang Bingting , Wang Chao , Li Mengyi , Zhang Yunhui , Li Xiangrui , Gao Haifeng , Ju Jiansong , Zhu Xun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMetopolophium dirhodum(Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most common aphid pests of winter cereals. To facilitate accurate gene expression analyses with qRT-PCR assays, the expression stability of candidate reference genes under specific experimental conditions must be verified before they can be used to normalize target gene expression levels. In this study, 10 candidate reference genes inM.dirhodumwere analyzed by qRT-PCR under various experimental conditions. Their expression stability was evaluated with delta Ct, BestKeeper, geNorm, and NormFinder methods, and the final stability ranking was determined with RefFinder. The results indicate that the most appropriate sets of internal controls wereSDHBandRPL8across geographic population;RPL8,Actin, andGAPDHacross developmental stage;SDHBandNADHacross body part;RPL8andActinacross wing dimorphism and temperature;RPL4andEF1Aacross starvation stress;AKandRPL4across insecticide treatments;RPL8andNADHacross antibiotic treatments;RPL8,RPL4,Actin, andNADHacross all samples. The results of this study provide useful insights for establishing a standardized qRT-PCR procedure forM. dirhodumand may be relevant for identifying appropriate reference genes for molecular analyses of related insects.
Simultaneous allergic traits in dogs and their owners are associated with living environment, lifestyle and microbial exposures
Authors: Lehtimäki Jenni , Sinkko Hanna , Hielm-Björkman Anna , Laatikainen Tiina , Ruokolainen Lasse , Lohi Hannes 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBoth humans and pet dogs are more prone to develop allergies in urban than in rural environments, which has been associated with the differing microbial exposures between areas. However, potential similarities in the microbiota, that associate with environmental exposures, in allergic dogs and owners has not been investigated. We evaluated skin and gut microbiota, living environment, and lifestyle in 168 dog-owner pairs. Due to partly different manifestations of allergies between species, we focused on aeroallergen sensitized humans and dogs with owner-reported allergic symptoms. Our results agree with previous studies: dog-owner pairs suffered simultaneously from these allergic traits, higher risk associated with an urban environment, and the skin, but not gut, microbiota was partly shared by dog-owner pairs. We further discovered that urban environment homogenized both dog and human skin microbiota. Notably, certain bacterial taxa, which were associated with living environment and lifestyle, were also related with allergic traits, but these taxa differed between dogs and humans. Thus, we conclude that dogs and humans can be predisposed to allergy in response to same risk factors. However, as shared predisposing or protective bacterial taxa were not discovered, other factors than environmental microbial exposures can mediate the effect or furry dog and furless human skin select different taxa.
Evolution and expansion of the RUNX2 QA repeat corresponds with the emergence of vertebrate complexity
Authors: Newton Axel H. , Pask Andrew J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRunt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is critical for the development of the vertebrate bony skeleton. Unlike other RUNX family members, RUNX2 possesses a variable poly-glutamine, poly-alanine (QA) repeat domain. Natural variation within this repeat is able to alter the transactivation potential of RUNX2, acting as an evolutionary ‘tuning knob’ suggested to influence mammalian skull shape. However, the broader role of the RUNX2 QA repeat throughout vertebrate evolution is unknown. In this perspective, we examine the role of the RUNX2 QA repeat during skeletal development and discuss how its emergence and expansion may have facilitated the evolution of morphological novelty in vertebrates.
Biomolecular condensates as arbiters of biochemical reactions inside the nucleus
Authors: Laflamme Guillaume , Mekhail Karim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLiquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a central player in the assembly of membraneless compartments termed biomolecular condensates. These compartments are dynamic structures that can condense or dissolve under specific conditions to regulate molecular functions. Such properties allow biomolecular condensates to rapidly respond to changing endogenous or environmental conditions. Here, we review emerging roles for LLPS within the nuclear space, with a specific emphasis on genome organization, expression and repair. Our review highlights the emerging notion that biomolecular condensates regulate the sequential engagement of molecules in multistep biological processes.
Experimental reaction rates constrain estimates of ozone response to calcium carbonate geoengineering
Authors: Dai Zhen , Weisenstein Debra K. , Keutsch Frank N. , Keith David W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStratospheric solar geoengineering (SG) would impact ozone by heterogeneous chemistry. Evaluating these risks and methods to reduce them will require both laboratory and modeling work. Prior model-only work showed that CaCO3 particles would reduce, or even reverse ozone depletion. We reduce uncertainties in ozone response to CaCO3 via experimental determination of uptake coefficients and model evaluation. Specifically, we measure uptake coefficients of HCl and HNO3 on CaCO3 as well as HNO3 and ClONO2 on CaCl2 at stratospheric temperatures using a flow tube setup and a flask experiment that determines cumulative long-term uptake of HCl on CaCO3. We find that particle ageing causes significant decreases in uptake coefficients on CaCO3. We model ozone response incorporating the experimental uptake coefficients in the AER-2D model. With our new empirical reaction model, the global mean ozone column is reduced by up to 3%, whereas the previous work predicted up to 27% increase for the same SG scenario. This result is robust under our experimental uncertainty and many other assumptions. We outline systematic uncertainties that remain and provide three examples of experiments that might further reduce uncertainties of CaCO3 SG. Finally, we highlight the importance of the link between experiments and models in studies of SG.
The correlation ofmicroRNA-499rs3746444 T&gt;C locus with the susceptibility of gastric cancer: from a case–control study to a meta-analysis
Authors: Rong Guoxiang , Zhu Yongping , Tang Weifeng , Qiu Hao , Zhang Sheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe relationship between rs3746444 T&gt;C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in microRNA (mir)-499 and risk of gastric cancer (GC) has been widely investigated. However, the association was still unconfirmed. Here, we first recruited 490 GC patients and 1476 controls, and conducted a case-control study. And we did not find any association between rs3746444 T&gt;C SNP polymorphism and risk of GC. Subsequently, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the association of mir-499 rs3746444 polymorphism with GC development. Two authors searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases up to October 15, 2019 independently. Finally, nine literatures involving 12 independent studies were included. In total, 3954 GC cases and 9745 controls were recruited for meta-analysis. The results suggested that allele model, homozygote model and recessive model could increase the risk of overall GC (P = 0.002, 0.009 and 0.013, respectively). When we excluded the studies violated HWE, this association was also found in allele model (P = 0.020) and dominant model (P= 0.044). In subgroup analyses, we identified that rs3746444 SNP in mir-499 increased the risk of GC in Asians and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (GCA) subgroups. No significant bias of selection was found (all P&gt;0.1). Test of sensitivity analysis indicated that our findings were stable. Additionally, we found that the power value was 0.891 in the allele model, suggesting the reliability of our findings. In summary, our analysis confirmed the association between rs3746444 and the risk of GC, especially in Asians and in patients with GCA.
TRAP: a temporal systematics model for improved direct detection of exoplanets at small angular separations
Authors: Samland M. , Bouwman J. , Hogg D. W. , Brandner W. , Henning T. , Janson M. 
Published: December 2020

Context. High-contrast imaging surveys for exoplanet detection have shown that giant planets at large separations are rare. Thus, it is of paramount importance to push towards detections at smaller separations, which is the part of the parameter space containing the greatest number of planets. The performance of traditional methods for the post-processing of pupil-stabilized observations decreases at smaller separations due to the larger field-rotation required to displace a source on the detector in addition to the intrinsic difficulty of higher stellar contamination.
Aims. Our goal is to develop a method of extracting exoplanet signals, which improves performance at small angular separations.
Methods. A data-driven model of the temporal behavior of the systematics for each pixel can be created using reference pixels at a different positions, on the condition that the underlying causes of the systematics are shared across multiple pixels, which is mostly true for the speckle pattern in high-contrast imaging. In our causal regression model, we simultaneously fit the model of a planet signal “transiting” over detector pixels and non-local reference light curves describing the shared temporal trends of the speckle pattern to find the best-fitting temporal model describing the signal.
Results. With our implementation of a spatially non-local, temporal systematics model, called TRAP, we show that it is possible to gain up to a factor of six in contrast at close separations (<3λ∕D), as compared to a model based on spatial correlations between images displaced in time. We show that the temporal sampling has a large impact on the achievable contrast, with better temporal sampling resulting in significantly better contrasts. At short integration times, (4 s) for β Pic data, we increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the planet by a factor of four compared to the spatial systematics model. Finally, we show that the temporal model can be used on unaligned data that has only been dark- and flat-corrected, without the need for further pre-processing.
H II regions and high-mass starless clump candidates
Authors: Zhang S. , Zavagno A. , López-Sepulcre A. , Liu H. , Louvet F. , Figueira M. , Russeil D. , Wu Y. , Yuan J. , Pillai T. G. S. 
Published: December 2020

Context. The ionization feedback from H II regions modifies the properties of high-mass starless clumps (HMSCs, of several hundred to a few thousand solar masses with a typical size of 0.1–1 pc), such as dust temperature and turbulence, on the clump scale. The question of whether the presence of H II regions modifies the core-scale (~0.025 pc) fragmentation and star formation in HMSCs remains to be explored.
Aims. We aim to investigate the difference of 0.025 pc-scale fragmentation between candidate HMSCs that are strongly impacted by H II regions and less disturbed ones. We also search for evidence of mass shaping and induced star formation in the impacted candidate HMSCs.
Methods. Using the ALMA 1.3 mm continuum, with a typical angular resolution of 1.3′′, we imaged eight candidate HMSCs, including four impacted by H II regions and another four situated in the quiet environment. The less-impacted candidate HMSCs are selected on the basis of their similar mass and distance compared to the impacted ones to avoid any possible bias linked to these parameters. We carried out a comparison between the two types of candidate HMSCs. We used multi-wavelength data to analyze the interaction between H II regions and the impacted candidate HMSCs.
Results. A total of 51 cores were detected in eight clumps, with three to nine cores for each clump. Within our limited sample, we did not find a clear difference in the ~0.025 pc-scale fragmentation between impacted and non-impacted candidate HMSCs, even though H II regions seem to affect the spatial distribution of the fragmented cores. Both types of candidate HMSCs present a thermal fragmentation with two-level hierarchical features at the clump thermal Jeans length λJ,clumpth and 0.3λJ,clumpth. The ALMA emission morphology of the impacted candidate HMSCs AGAL010.214-00.306 and AGAL018.931-00.029 sheds light on the capacities of H II regions to shape gas and dust in their surroundings and possibly to trigger star formation at ~0.025 pc-scale in candidate HMSCs.
Conclusions. The fragmentation at ~0.025 pc scale for both types of candidate HMSCs is likely to be thermal-dominant, meanwhile H II regions probably have the capacity to assist in the formation of dense structures in the impacted candidate HMSCs. Future ALMA imaging surveys covering a large number of impacted candidate HMSCs with high turbulence levels are needed to confirm the trend of fragmentation indicated in this study.
The outer disc in shambles: Blind detection of Monoceros and the ACS with Gaia’s astrometric sample
Authors: Ramos P. , Antoja T. , Mateu C. , Anders F. , Laporte C. F. P. , Carballo-Bello J. A. , Famaey B. , Ibata R. 
Published: December 2020

Context. The Gaia astrometric sample allows us to study the outermost Galactic disc, the halo, and their interface. It is precisely at the very edge of the disc where the effects of external perturbations are expected to be the most noticeable.
Aims. Our goal is to detect the kinematic substructure present in the halo and at the edge of the Milky Way (MW) disc and provide observational constraints on their phase-space distribution.
Methods. We download, one HEALpix at a time, the proper motion histogram of distant stars, to which we apply a wavelet transformation to reveal the significant overdensities. We then analyse the large coherent structures that appear in the sky.
Results. We reveal a sharp yet complex anticentre dominated by Monoceros (MNC) and the Anticentre Stream (ACS) in the north – which we find have intensities comparable to the Magellanic Clouds and the Sagittarius stream – and by MNC South and TriAnd at negative latitudes. Our method allows us to perform a morphological analysis of MNC and the ACS, both of which span more than 100° in longitude, and to provide a high purity sample of giants with which we track MNC down to latitudes as low as ∼5°. Their colour-magnitude diagram is consistent with extended structures at a distance of ∼10−11 kpc that originated in the disc, with a very low ratio of RR Lyrae over M giants, and with kinematics compatible with the rotation curve at those distances or slightly slower.
Conclusions. We present a precise characterisation of MNC and the ACS, two previously known structures that our method reveals naturally, allowing us to detect them without limiting ourselves to a particular stellar type and, for the first time, using only kinematics. Our results will allow future studies to model their chemo-dynamics and evolution, thus constraining some of the most influential processes that shaped the MW.
Phosphine in Venus’ atmosphere: Detection attempts and upper limits above the cloud top assessed from the SOIR/VEx spectra
Authors: Trompet L. , Robert S. , Mahieux A. , Schmidt F. , Erwin J. , Vandaele A. C. 
Published: December 2020

Context.Recent detection of phosphine (PH3) was reported fromJames Clerk MaxwellTelescope and Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array observations. The presence of PH3on Venus cannot be easily explained in the Venus atmosphere and a biogenic source located at or within the clouds was proposed.Aims.We aim to verify if the infrared spectral signature of PH3is present in the spectra of Solar Occultation at Infrared (SOIR). If it is not present, we then seek to derive the upper limits of PH3from SOIR spectra.Methods.We analyzed the SOIR spectra containing absorption lines of PH3. We searched for the presence of PH3lines. If we did not find any conclusive PH3spectral signatures, we computed the upper limits of PH3.Results.We report no detection of PH3. Upper limits could be determined for all of the observations, providing strong constraints on the vertical profile of PH3above the clouds.Conclusions.The SOIR PH3upper limits are almost two orders of magnitude below the announced detection of 20 ppb and provide the lowest known upper limits for PH3in the atmosphere of Venus.
Brustkrebs beim Mann – die Sicht der beteiligten Berufsgruppen auf die multiprofessionelle Versorgung einer seltenen Erkrankung
Authors: Ernstmann Nicole , Midding Evamarie , Halbach Sarah , Würstlein Rachel , Weber Rainer , Christmann Sherin , Kowalski Christoph 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Brustkrebs beim Mann ist eine seltene Erkrankung, für die jedoch hochspezialisierte Versorgungsstrukturen zur Therapie des Brustkrebses der Frau zur Verfügung stehen. Bislang ist unbekannt, ob die Ausrichtung der Versorgungsstrukturen auf Frauen zu Defiziten in der Versorgung der betroffenen Männer führt. Daher ist es das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung, mögliche Versorgungsdefizite aus der Perspektive der beteiligten Professionen zu identifizieren.
Methodik Es wurden teilstandardisierte Leitfadeninterviews mit n = 23 Teilnehmer/innen sowie 2 Fokusgruppendiskussionen mit n = 7 bzw. n = 9 Teilnehmer/innen durchgeführt. Die Transkripte der Interviews und Fokusgruppendiskussionen wurden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse mit MAXQDA ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Einige Teilnehmer/innen sehen aufgrund des Erfahrungsmangels eigene Unsicherheiten in der Versorgung von Männern mit Brustkrebs. Häufig wird ein mangelndes Wissen bezüglich der Zuständigkeiten und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten, z. B. bei niedergelassenen Gynäkolog/innen, beklagt. Viele Befragte empfinden eine mangelnde interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit, v. a. in der Nachsorge. Einige Befragte sehen darüber hinaus einen Mangel an spezialisierten Rehabilitationseinrichtungen für Männer mit Brustkrebs.
Schlussfolgerung Männer mit Brustkrebs profitieren trotz der Seltenheit der Erkrankung von den hochentwickelten Strukturen zur Brustkrebsversorgung in Deutschland. Dennoch zeigen sich Versorgungsdefizite aus der Sicht der behandelnden Professionen. Diese Datengrundlage kann in Kombination mit der Perspektive der Betroffenen und weiteren repräsentativen Daten dazu dienen, Praxis-Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität des männlichen Brustkrebses zu erarbeiten.
Der allumfassende Schmerz und was daraus folgt
Authors: Kloke Marianne 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungEin im Rahmen einer rasch fortschreitenden und zum Tode führenden Erkrankung auftretendes komplexes Symptomgeschehen indiziert eine spezialisierte Palliativversorgung. Ihre Philosophie basiert auf einer ganzheitlichen Sicht der Menschen und seiner Familie. So kann das multiprofessionelle Team die physische, psychische, soziale und spirituelle Ebene des Leidens gezielt adressieren und für den Patienten ein umfassendes Behandlungs- und Begleitungskonzept erstellen. Wird das bio-psycho-soziale-spirituelle Konzept dessen, was Leiden ausmacht, missachtet, besteht die Gefahr unwirksamer und u.U. sogar gefährlicher Behandlungen. Wie aufwändig und langwierig der Weg zu einer den Bedürfnissen des Patienten entsprechenden Versorgung sein kann und wie viel Empathie und Geduld er seitens der Behandler erfordert, wird an Hand einer Kasuistik einer 57-jährigen Patientin mit einem rasch progredienten Zervixkarzinom dargestellt.