bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study to Evaluate the Accuracy, Usability, and Acceptance of a Blood-Based HIV Self-Test Performed by Observed Intended Users in Canada
Authors: Galli Richard A. , Tian Jason Lo Hog , Sumner-Williams Michelle , McBain Kristin , Stanizai Emal , Tharao Wangari , Aden Muna , Jamieson Heather , Silva Mark Da , Vassal Anne-Fanny , Guilbault Lorie , Ireland Laurie , Witges Kim , King Alexandra , Ametepee Kehinde , Lachowsky Nathan J. , Pant-Pai Nitika , Mazzulli Tony , Rourke Sean B. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Self-Testing for HIV (“HIVST”) is an emerging targeted intervention with the potential to increase the access, uptake and frequency of HIV testing and more effectively reach the undiagnosed especially in priority populations. The study objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the INSTI HIV-Self-Test (HIV-ST) performance compared with laboratory reference testing, (2) document if intended users can perform the steps to use the HIV-ST device, and (3) document if intended users can successfully interpret contrived positive, negative, and invalid results. Study was intended to be submitted to Health Canada for review for license purposes.Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design and recruited consenting adults from four community sites across Ontario, Québec, and Manitoba between August 2019 and March 2020. The results of the observed HIV-ST were compared with results of the Abbott Architect HIV Ag/Ab Combo test. Results: Primary efficacy analysis on 678 completed HIV-ST revealed a positive percent agreement of 100% and a negative percent agreement of 99.5% with the comparator method. The overall percent agreement of results interpretation between participant and observer was 93.5%. Of the 708 participants who took part in the usability study, 92.4% of participants successfully performed the steps determined to be “critical” for successful completion of the test, 96.7% of participants found the instructions easy to follow, and 95% of participants indicated that they would use the test again. Of the 404 participants who interpreted the strong positive, weak positive, negative and invalid contrived results, successful interpretation ranged from 90.6% (for weak positive) to 99.3% (for negative).Conclusions: The addition of this very first self-test into the Canadian HIV testing landscape could significantly increase HIV testing rates. An approved blood-based HIV self-test in Canada can offer an accurate, acceptable and simple alternative to facility-based HIV testing, particularly when impacted by Coronavirus pandemic restrictions.
Breed differences in placental development during late gestation between Chinese Meishan and White crossbred gilts in response to intrauterine crowding
Authors: Miles Jeremy , Vallet Jeffrey L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The porcine placenta plays a critical role on uterine capacity, fetal growth, and survival as well as postnatal piglet growth and survival. The objective of this study was to evaluate placental development during late gestation between Chinese Meishan (MS) and White crossbred (WC) gilts following intrauterine crowding. To induce uterine crowding, MS (n = 7) and WC (n = 5) gilts were unilaterally hysterectomized-ovariectomized, bred to sires from their same breed, and the remaining uterine tract was collected at day 100 of gestation. Gross placental morphology and areolae density as well as histological morphology (i.e., folded bilayer and placental stroma) were analyzed using computer-assisted morphometry from placentas of the smallest and largest fetuses within each litter. All data were analyzed using MIXED model procedures for ANOVA. Results: Fetal and placental weight were not different (P > 0.10) between MS and WC pregnancies. In contrast, within-litter fetal weight variation and allometric growth relationship between fetal and placental weights were decreased (P < 0.08) in MS gilts compared to WC gilts indicating greater fetal sparing within MS gilts. There was a breed by fetal size interaction (P < 0.01) for areolae density in which placentas from large MS fetuses had greater areolae density compared to small MS fetuses, but the density of areolae was greater from MS fetuses compared to WC fetuses, irrespective of fetal size. The width of the folded bilayer was greater (P < 0.01) in placentas from WC gilts compared to MS gilts, irrespective of fetal size. Placentas from small fetuses had greater (P < 0.01) folded bilayer width compared to large fetuses, irrespective of breed. The placental stromal width was greater (P < 0.01) in placentas from large fetuses compared to small, irrespective of breed. However, the difference between stromal width in placentas between divergent-sized littermates was greater (P = 0.05) in WC gilts compared to MS gilts, suggesting limited response to intrauterine crowding in MS gilts. Conclusions: These results demonstrate altered placental development during late gestation in MS pregnancies compared to WC pregnancies corresponding to different mechanisms for responding to intrauterine crowding between breeds.
Direct evidence of preventive effect of severe diarrhea in calf by milk replacer-based probiotic feeding
Authors: Kayasaki Fumi , Okagawa: Tomohiro , Konnai Satoru , Kohara Junko , Sajiki Yamato , Watari Kei , Otgontuya Ganbaatar , Goto Shinya , Nakamura Hayato , Shimakura Honami , Minato Erina , Kobayashi Atsuhi , Kubota Manabu , Terasaki Nobuhiro , Takeda Akira , Noda Haruka , Honma Mitsuru , Maekawa Naoya , Murata Shiro , Ohashi Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Diarrhea is one of the major causes of death in calves directly linked to economic loss in cattle industry. Fermented milk has been widely used for calf feeding to reduce the diarrhea in clinical settings. However, the fermentation of raw milk has many difficulties, such as unstable fermentation due to large variances of nutrient composition in raw milk and contamination with coliform. Practical use of fermented milk replacer (FMR) has a strong potential to overcome these difficulties. However, the clinical efficacy of FMR on calf diarrhea is still unclear. Result In this study, we developed a stable condition of fermentation for FMR and verified the preventive effects of FMR feeding on calf diarrhea by an experimental infection model of bovine rotavirus (BRV) in newborn calf and a field study in dairy farms with calf diarrhea. Additionally, the clinical efficacy of lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-supplemented milk replacer (LAB-MR) was also evaluated in the experimental infection model. In the experimental infection model, control calves fed a milk replacer showed severe watery diarrhea after BRV challenge. Two out of three control calves were died after rapid decline of milk intake. In contrast, calves fed FMR or high-concentrated LAB-MR showed diarrhea, but the water content of feces was low and stable. In addition, the amount of milk intake decreased temporarily, but recovered immediately in the FMR- or LAB-MR-fed calves. Histopathological analysis of intestinal tracts revealed mucosal lesions were slighter in the FMR- or LAB-MR-fed calves than in the control calves. In a field study of FMR feeding in dairy farms with mixed infection with BRV and Cryptosporidium parvum, the incidence of enteritis and mortality of calf by enteritis were significantly reduced by the allocation of FMR. Additionally, the FMR-fed calves exhibited shorter duration of treatment, fewer consultations, and lower cost of medical care for enteritis compared with control calves. Conclusion These results suggest that feeding of milk replacer-based probiotics to calves reduces severity of diarrhea and tissue damage to intestinal tracts caused by BRV infection and provides significant clinical benefits for the prevention and treatment of calf diarrhea.
Nicotinamide, a vitamin B3 ameliorates depressive behaviors independent of SIRT1 activity in mice
Authors: Liu Zhuxi , Li Caiqin , Fan Xuelian , Kuang Yifang , Zhang Xu , Chen Lei , Song Jinjing , Zhou Ying , Takahashi Eiki , He Guang , Li Weidong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Sirtuins 1 (SIRT1), is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylase and a candidate gene for depression. Nicotinamide (NAM), a form of vitamin B3, is reported as a potential inhibitor of SIRT1. Our previous study found that the 24-hour restraint stress could induce long-term depressive-like phenotypes in mice. These mice displayed increased SIRT1 activity. Here, we studied whether NAM was capable of attenuating depressive behaviors through inhibiting SIRT1 activity. Surprisingly, the application of NAM significantly reversed the depressive behaviors but increased SIRT1 activity further. In contrast, the level of ATP was reduced in the restraint model for depression, and recovered by the administration of NAM. Furthermore, Sirt1−/− mice exhibited antidepressant behaviors and increased ATP levels. These data suggest that ATP plays an important role in depression pathogenesis, and NAM could be a potential treatment method for depression by regulating ATP independent of Sirt1 activity.
High Expression Level of miR-1260 Family in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Ghafour Arash Adamnejad , Odemis Demet Akdeniz , Tuncer Seref Bugra , Kurt Busra , Sarali Mukaddes Avsar , Kılıc Seda , Erdogan Ozge Sukruoglu , Celik Betul , Saip Pinar , Yazici Hulya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The most common gynecologic cancers detected in women in Turkey are uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, and cervical cancer. These data reported that a mean of 3800 individuals were diagnosed with uterine cancer, 2790 were diagnosed with ovarian cancer, and 1950 were diagnosed with cervical cancer, and 400 individuals were diagnosed with other gynecologic cancers each year in Turkey. A mean of 14.270 individuals were detected to have been diagnosed with gynecologic cancers each year in the United States of America(USA). Ovarian cancer treatment is generally composed of chemotherapy, and surgery. In general, chemotherapy is administered after surgery. The identification of the molecular pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, and discovery of new moleculer biomarkers which facilitate the ovarian cancer treatment are required for an effective ovarian cancer treatment in clinics. miRNAs are reported to be the possible biologic indicators for various cancer types. We aimed to investigate 2 miRNAs which were suggested to have effect in ovarian cancer in our (previous)monozygotic twin study from miR-1260 microRNA family whose association with ovarian cancer yet has not been reported in the literature. We investigated the expression levels of miR-1260a, and miR-1260b miRNAs, in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 150 familial and sporadic ovarian cancer patients, and of 100 healthy individuals of the control group who were matched for age, sex, and ethnicity with the patient group, and investigated their possible property of being a biologic indicator for ovarian cancer. The expression results of ovarian cancer patients were evaluated by comparison of the results of the control group in the study. The expression levels of miR-1260a, and miR-1260b in ovarian cancer patients were found highly increased compared with the levels in the control group. miR-1260a expression level in ovarian cancer patients was detected to have increased approximately 17 fold compared with the control group, and miR-1260b expression level in ovarian cancer patients was detected to have increased approximately 33 fold compared with the levels in the control group. The String Analyses showed that the miR-1260a was associated with the ribosomal protein family which was known to be effective in the translation stage of cell and that miR-1260b was associated with CHEK2 protein which was a member of the serine/threonine-protein kinase family. It should be investigated for larger cohorts in benign ovarian diseases and in different stages of patients receiving ovarian cancer treatment whether these two molecules are a noninvasive biomarker and therapeutic target to be used especially in the early diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer in future.
Elevated serum galectin-1 concentrations are associated with increased risks of mortality and acute kidney injury in critically ill patients
Authors: Chou Ruey-Hsing , Tsai Chuan-Tsai , Lu Ya-Wen , Guo Jiun-Yu , Lu Chi-Ting , Tsai Yi-Lin , Wu Cheng-Hsueh , Lin Shing-Jong , Lien Ru-Yu , Lu Shu-Fen , Yang Shang-Feng , Huang Po-Hsun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of the β-galactoside binding protein family, is associated with inflammation and chronic kidney disease. However, the effect of Gal-1 on mortality and acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients remains unclear.Methods: From May 2018 to March 2020, 350 patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of Taipei Veterans General Hospital, a tertiary medical center, were enrolled in this study. Forty-one patients receiving long-term renal replacement therapy were excluded. Serum Gal-1 levels were determined within 24 h of ICU admission. The patients were divided into three equally sized groups according to their serum Gal-1 levels (low, serum Gal-1 < 39 ng/ml; median, 39–70 ng/ml; high, >71 ng/ml). All patients were followed for 90 days or until death.Results: Mortality in the ICU and at 90 days was greater among patients with elevated serum Gal-1 levels. In analyses adjusted for the body mass index, malignancy, sepsis, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and serum lactate level, the serum Gal-1 level remained an independent predictor of 90-day mortality [median vs. low: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–3.60, p = 0.006; high vs. low: aHR 3.21, 95% CI 1.90–5.42, p < 0.001]. Higher serum Gal-1 levels were also associated with a higher incidence of AKI within 48 h after ICU admission, independent of the SOFA score and renal function (median vs. low: aHR 2.77, 95% CI 1.21–6.34, p = 0.016; high vs. low: aHR 2.88, 95% CI 1.20–6.88, p = 0.017). The results were consistent among different subgroups with high and low Gal-1 levels.Conclusion: Serum Gal-1 elevation at the time of ICU admission were associated with an increased risk of mortality at 90 days, and an increased incidence of AKI within 48 h after ICU admission.
Equivalence and switching between biosimilars and reference molecules in rheumatoid arthritis: protocol for two systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Ascef Bruna de Oliveira , Almeida Matheus Oliveira , Ribeiro Ana Cristina de Medeiros , de Andrade Danieli Castro Oliveira , Júnior Haliton Alves de Oliveira , Pereira Tiago da Veiga , de Soárez Patrícia Coelho 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Biologic drugs such as adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab represent major first-line and second-line treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. However, their high cost poses a massive burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The expiration of patents for these biologics has driven to the production of biosimilar drugs, which are potentially less costly and remarkably similar, albeit not identical to the reference molecules. These two systematic reviews aim to investigate the efficacy and safety profile of biosimilars compared to biologics (systematic review 1) and the impact of switching between biosimilar drugs and reference biologics on the management of RA patients (systematic review 2).Methods Electronic searches will be performed through MEDLINE (via Pubmed), EMBASE, LILACS, and CENTRAL (from inception to September 2020). Risk of bias assessments will be carried out with the Cochrane risk of bias tool, supplemented with specific domains from equivalence trials. Random-effects models will be fitted to obtain summary estimates using either relative risk or standardized mean difference as a metric. Between-trial heterogeneity will be tested and quantified with the Q-test and I2 metric, respectively, whereas assessment of small-study bias will be examined through contour-enhanced funnel plots and Egger and Harbord's tests. Meta-regression models will be fitted when appropriate. The primary outcome will be the rate of treatment success according to the American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) and the co-primary outcome will be the Patient's self-assessment of physical function (Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index). Conclusions will be based on equivalence hypothesis testing using predefined margins of equivalence elicited from a group of experienced rheumatologists and prior studies. The overall certainty of evidence will be assessed based on the GRADE system.Discussion The two systematic reviews described here, to the best of our knowledge, are the first ones proposing a comprehensive, clinician-oriented approach to assess the equivalence and the impact of switching between biosimilars and biologics on the management of patients with RA. The results will elucidate the efficacy, safety, immunogenicity of biosimilars, and the clinical consequences of substituting biologics with biosimilars in the management of RA. Systematic Review Registration Protocol synopses were previously registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019137152 and CRD42019137155).
Pulmonary fibrosis and its related factors in discharged patients with new coronavirus pneumonia: A cohort study of 90-150 days follow-up after onset
Authors: Li Xiaohe , Shen Chenguang , Wang Lifei , Majumder Sumit , Zhang Die , Deen M. Jamal , Li Yanjie , Qing Ling , Zhang Ying , Chen Chuming , Zou Rongrong , Lan Jianfeng , Huang Ling , Peng Cheng , Zeng Lijiao , Liang Yanhua , Cao Mengli , Yang Yang , Yang Minghui , Tan Guoyu , Tang Shenghong , Liu Lei , Yuan Jing , Liu Yingxia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Thousands of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have been discharged from hospitals, long-term follow-up studies are required to evaluate the prevalence of post-COVID-19 fibrosis.Methods: This study involves 462 laboratory confirmed patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital from January 11, 2020 to April 26, 2020. A total of 457 patients underwent thin-section chest CT scans during the hospitalization or after discharge to identify the pulmonary lesion. A total of 289 patients were followed up from 90 days to 150 days after the onset of the disease.Results: Parenchymal bands, irregular interfaces, meshwork and traction bronchiectasis were the most common CT features in all COVID-19 patients. 86.87%, 74.40%, 79.56%, 68.12% and 62.03% patients developed with pulmonary fibrosis and 4.53%, 19.61%, 18.02%, 38.30% and 48.98% patients reversed pulmonary fibrosis during the 0-30, 31-60, 61-90, 91-120 and >120 days after onset, respectively. It was observed that Age, BMI, Fever, and Highest PCT were predictive factors for sustaining fibrosis even after 90 days from onset. A predictive model of the persistence with pulmonary fibrosis was developed based-on the Logistic Regression method with an accuracy, PPV, NPV, Sensitivity and Specificity of the model of 76%, 71%, 79%, 67%, and 82%, respectively. Only a fraction of COVID-19 patients suffered with abnormal lung function after 90 days from onset, and the ratio of abnormal lung function did not differ on a statistically significant level between the fibrotic and non-fibrotic groups.Conclusions: Long-term pulmonary fibrosis was more likely to develop in patients with older age, high BMI, severe/critical condition, fever, long time to turn the viral RNA negative, pre-existing disease and delay to admission. Fibrosis developed in COVID-19 patients could be reversed in about a half of the patients after 120 days from onset. The pulmonary function of most of COVID-19 patients with pulmonary fibrosis could turn to normal condition after three months from onset. An effective prediction model with an average Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.84 was established to predict the persistence of pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 patients for early diagnosis.
Differential and paradoxical roles of new-generation antidepressants in primary astrocytic inflammation
Authors: He Jia-Hui , Liu Rong-Pei , Peng Yi-Man , Guo Qing , Zhu Lan-Bing , Hu Bei-Lei , Fan Hui-Hui , Zhang Xiong , Zhu Jian-Hong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are commonly used new-generation drugs for depression. Depressive symptoms are thought to be closely related to neuroinflammation. In this study, we used up-to-date protocols of culture and stimulation and aimed to understand how astrocytes respond to the antidepressants. Methods: Primary astrocytes were isolated and cultured using neurobasal-based serum free medium. The cells were treated with a cytokine mixture comprising complement component 1q, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1α with or without pretreatments of antidepressants. Cell viability, phenotypes, inflammatory responses and the underlying mechanisms were analyzed. Results: All the SSRIs, including paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, and fluvoxamine, show a visible cytotoxicity within the range of applied doses, and a paradoxical effect on astrocytic inflammatory responses as manifested by the promotion of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and/or nitric oxide (NO) and the inhibition of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and/or interleukin 1β (IL-1β). The SNRI venlafaxine was the least toxic to astrocytes and inhibited the production of IL-6 and IL-1β but with no impact on iNOS and NO. All the drugs had no regulation on the polarization of astrocytic A1 and A2 types. Mechanisms associated with the antidepressants in astrocytic inflammation route via inhibition of JNK1 activation and STAT3 basal activity. ﻿Conclusions: The study demonstrated that the antidepressants possess differential cytotoxicity to astrocytes and function differently, also paradoxically for the SSRIs, to astrocytic inflammation. Our results provide novel pieces into understanding the differential efficacy and tolerability of the antidepressants in treating patients in the context of astrocytes.
A method of Ga removal from a specimen fabricated on MEMS-based chip for in-situ transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Kwon Yena , An Byeong-Seon , Shin Yeon-Ju , Yang Cheol-Woong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) holders, which are widely used in recent years, employ a chip-type specimen stage. To prepare the specimen on the microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based chip, focused ion beam (FIB) and ex-situ lift-out (EXLO) techniques has been widely used. However, thin foil specimens prepared using the FIB inevitably contain the contamination induced by Ga+ ions. In particular, when the specimen is heated for real time observation, it is observed that Ga+ ions influence the reaction or aggregate in the protection layer. An effective method of removing the Ga residue is demonstrated using Ar+ ion milling within FIB. In the case of lifting the thin foil specimen from the trench by the EXLO technique, Ga still remained even if Ar+ ion milling was conducted. To avoid this problem, the thin foil specimen was attached to FIB lift-out grid, performing Ar+ ion milling, and then transferred to a MEMS chip using EXLO technique. The removal of the Ga residue was confirmed using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).