bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in a MOF with Acceptor‐Filled Channels
Authors: Gharaati Shadab , Wang Cui , Förster Christoph , Weigert Florian , Resch‐Genger Ute , Heinze Katja 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhoton upconversion has enjoyed increased interest in the last years due to its high potential for solar‐energy harvesting and bioimaging. A challenge for triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) processes is to realize these features in solid materials without undesired phase segregation and detrimental dye aggregation. To achieve this, we combine a palladium porphyrin sensitizer and a 9,10‐diphenylanthracene annihilator within a crystalline mesoporous metal–organic framework using an inverted design. In this modular TTA system, the framework walls constitute the fixed sensitizer, while caprylic acid coats the channels providing a solventlike environment for the mobile annihilator in the channels. The resulting solid material shows green‐to‐blue delayed upconverted emission with a luminescence lifetime of 373±5 μs, a threshold value of 329 mW cm−2 and a triplet–triplet energy transfer efficiency of 82 %. The versatile design allows straightforward changing of the acceptor amount and type.
Development of Amphipathic Antimicrobial Peptide Foldamers Based on Magainin 2 Sequence
Authors: Goto Chihiro , Hirano Motoharu , Hayashi Katsuhiko , Kikuchi Yutaka , Hara‐Kudo Yukiko , Misawa Takashi , Demizu Yosuke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMagainin 2 (Mag 2), which is isolated from the skin of frogs, is a representative antimicrobial peptide (AMP), exerts its antimicrobial activity via microbial membrane disruption. It has been reported that both the amphipathicity and helical structure of Mag 2 play an important role in its antimicrobial activity. In this study, we revealed that the sequence of 17 amino acid residues in Mag 2 (peptide 7) is required to exert sufficient activity. We also designed a set of Mag 2 derivatives, based on enhancement of helicity and/or amphipathicity, by incorporation of α,α‐disubstituted amino acid residues into the Mag 2 fragment, and evaluated their preferred secondary structures and their antimicrobial activities against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. As a result, peptide 11 formed a stable helical structure in solution, and possessed potent antimicrobial activities against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria without significant cytotoxicity.
Exploring the Antiplasmodial 2‐Aminopyridines as Potential Antitrypanosomal Agents
Authors: Veale Clinton G. L. , Laming Dustin , Swart Tarryn , Chibale Kelly , Hoppe Heinrich C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecently we reported the results of a screen of the Pathogen Box in which we identified 4‐(2‐amino‐5‐(4‐(methylsulfonyl) phenyl) pyridin‐3‐yl)‐2‐methoxyphenol (MMV010576, 1) as our priority antitrypanosomal hit. This compound had previously been identified as a potent and selective antiplasmodial agent, where a focused optimization campaign, resulted in a medium‐sized library of compounds, with favorable drug‐like properties, one of which (MMV048, 2, 5‐(4‐(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)‐6′‐(trifluoromethyl)‐[3,3′‐bipyridin]‐2‐amine) is currently undergoing clinical trials for malaria. Accordingly, we investigated this library, in order to elucidate structural activity relationship details of this class of compounds as inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei. Our study has identified several structural features important for antitrypanosomal activity, which are distinct from those required for antiplasmodial activity. Results from this study can be exploited to develop potent antitrypanosomal agents.
The Vanadium Redox Reactions – Electrocatalysis versus Non‐Electrocatalysis
Authors: Stimming Ulrich , Wang Jiabin , Bund Andreas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCatalytic effects of surface groups on porous carbon electrodes are claimed in literature for the redox reactions V(II)/V(III) and V(IV)/V(V). The literature is critically analysed also in relation to work of this group. A method how to overcome the problem of assessing the electrochemically active surface area on porous electrodes is presented. Applying this method, no catalytic effects for above reactions can be substantiated. It is further pointed out that the parameters electrochemical potential and temperature need to be used to assess electrocatalysis.
The role of business strategy and CEO compensation structure in driving corporate social responsibility: Linkage towards a sustainable development perspective
Authors: Peng Chih‐Wei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study extends prior studies by analyzing how business strategies affect corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement. Studies in the business strategy and compensation literature further investigate whether firms have superior CSR if they tend to align their compensation with their company's overall strategy. This tendency would tend to encourage firms to make their investment decisions on the basis of a long‐term sustainability development perspective. The data consist of a broad cross‐section of companies and industries in the United States for the 2003–2012 period. To avoid a potential endogenous effect, a two‐stage instrumental variables regression is also adopted in this study. It is found that the prospector business strategy has a strong positive association with CSR. In addition, CEOs with short‐term compensation have less incentive to invest in CSR if their firms adopt a defender strategy. The opposite is true for the prospector group, suggesting that sometimes, misfits may also produce good CSR outcomes.
Metal‐Free Photocatalytic Synthesis of exo‐Iodomethylene 2‐Oxazolidinones: An Alternative Strategy for CO2 Valorization with Solar Energy
Authors: He Xing , Yao Xiang‐Yang , Chen Kai‐Hong , He Liang‐Nian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA visible‐light‐promoted metal‐free carboxylative cyclization of propargylic amines with CO2 was shown to offer exo‐iodomethylene 2‐oxazolidinones. Incorporation of both CO2 and iodo moieties into these compounds was realized efficiently. The mechanism study revealed that this carboxylative cyclization proceeds through a radical pathway. Notably, the iodine‐functionalized 2‐oxazolidinone as a platform molecule could be easily converted into a wide range of value‐added chemicals through Buchwald–Hartwig, Suzuki, Sonogashira, photocatalytic ene, and photoreduction reactions. As a result, the plentiful downstream transformations remarkably enhance the range of chemicals derived from CO2 and open a potential avenue for CO2 functionalization to circumvent energy challenges in this field.
Calculation of the inverse bremsstrahlung absorption in unmagnetized plasmas
Authors: Firouzi Farrashbandi N. , Eslami‐Kalantari M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInverse bremsstrahlung is one important way to deliver laser energy to the plasma in inertial confinement fusion. In this article, we study the collisional absorption rate as obtained from the Fokker–Planck treatment of an unmagnetized plasma in harmonic laser field. The electron–ion collision rate is considered in the Krook approximation, and the electron distribution function is considered a Maxwellian function. We evaluate the inverse bremsstrahlung absorption near the irradiated plasma surface in the critical layer. We observe that absorption increases with shorter laser wavelength and lower electron temperatures. When the maximum electron velocity in the limit of q → 1 reaches infinity, the q‐non‐extensive distribution function reduces to the standard Maxwell‐Boltzmann distribution.
Fuzzy logic–based distributed clustering protocol to improve energy efficiency and stability of wireless smart sensor networks for farmland monitoring systems
Authors: Rajput Anagha , Kumaravelu Vinoth Babu 
Published: October 2019

SummaryWireless smart sensor networks (WSSNs) are emerging as the physical backbone of the internet of things (IoT) technology. On the basis of the IoT platform, web‐based systems and services are been developing such as e‐surveillance, industrial‐IoT, and precision agriculture. For farmland monitoring systems, WSSNs need to be scalable in terms of coverage area. Sensor nodes are energy‐constrained devices, and hence, many energy‐efficient clustering protocols are developed in the literature. But these methods overload the cluster leaders (CLs) with cluster computation and data communication costs. An improper CL selection may lead to the early death of such nodes and hence does not prolong the network lifetime stability. We propose a fuzzy logic (FL)–based distributed clustering protocol to enhance the energy efficiency of WSSN while maximizing the coverage area. The load of CLs is shared by originators and super‐CLs (SCLs) selected in the network. The wireless link and received signal strength (RSS) are greatly affected by environmental conditions and thus cannot be considered as ideal network parameters. We use FL systems to tackle the uncertainty of such network parameters. The proposed protocol is simulated for different scalable WSSNs. The results indicate that the proposed protocol provides better lifetime stability than the recent conventional protocols. The functionalities of the protocol are proposed considering the recent wireless standards. Hence, the proposed protocol can be suitably implemented for farmland monitoring systems.
Maternal distress across the postnatal period is associated with infant secretory immunoglobulin A
Authors: Ellberg Charlotte C. , Sayler Kristina , Hibel Leah C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEmploying a longitudinal design, relationships between maternal distress (i.e., perceived stress, negative affect, depressive symptomology), and infant secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) across the peripartum period were examined in 51 mother–infant dyads. Indices of maternal distress were assessed at four time periods: third trimester of pregnancy and 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum. Infant saliva samples were collected at each of the three time points in the postpartum period to assess sIgA levels. No relationships were found between prenatal maternal distress and infant sIgA. Results indicated that during the postnatal period, higher concurrent maternal distress was associated with reduced infant sIgA. Maternal distress did not prospectively predict infant sIgA. These findings advance our understanding of the social‐context of infant development, highlighting the significance of maternal regulation of infant immunity.
The metabolic fate of two new psychoactive substances − 2‐aminoindane and N‐methyl‐2‐aminoindane − studied in vitro and in vivo to support drug testing
Authors: Manier Sascha K. , Felske Christina , Eckstein Niels , Meyer Markus R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of 2‐aminoindane (2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐2‐amine, 2‐AI), and N‐methyl‐2‐aminoindane (N‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐2‐amine, NM‐2‐AI) after incubations using pooled human liver microsomes (pHLMs), pooled human liver S9 fraction (pS9), and rat urine after oral administration. After analysis using liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry, pHLM incubations revealed that 2‐AI was left unmetabolized, while NM‐2‐AI formed a hydroxylamine and diastereomers of a metabolite formed after hydroxylation in beta position. Incubations using pS9 led to the formation of an acetyl conjugation in the case of 2‐AI and merely a hydroxylamine for NM‐2‐AI. Investigations on rat urine showed that 2‐AI was hydroxylated also forming diasteromers as described for NM‐2‐AI or acetylated similar to incubations using pS9. All hydroxylated metabolites of NM‐2‐AI except the hydroxylamine were found in rat urine as additional sulfates. Assuming similar patterns in humans, urine screening procedures might be focused on the parent compounds but should also include their metabolites. An activity screening using human recombinant N‐acetyl transferase (NAT) isoforms 1 and 2 revealed that 2‐AI was acetylated exclusively by NAT2, which is polymorphically expressed.
Pilot study on the effects of intravesical oxybutynin hydrochloride instillations on the validity of doping control urine samples
Authors: Walpurgis Katja , Scheiff Anja B. , Welz Meike , Müller‐Reul Jutta , Webborn Nick , Görgens Christian , Guddat Sven , Fußhöller Gregor , Dib Josef , Thevis Mario 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAccording to class M2.1 of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List, the manipulation of doping control urine samples to alter their integrity and validity is prohibited both in‐ and out‐of‐competition. However, some paraplegic athletes with an overactive bladder need to be regularly treated with anti‐cholinergic and anti‐spasmodic drugs such as oxybutynin, which are often administered intravesically to reduce the substantial side effects observed after oral application. So far, it remains unclear whether such bladder instillations have a negative impact on analytical procedures and thus represent an anti‐doping rule violation. Within this pilot study, urine samples were collected from five paraplegic athletes before and after an intravesical oxybutynin hydrochloride instillation. The samples were routinely tested for the presence of performance‐enhancing drugs and afterwards fortified with 25 model compounds representing different classes of doping agents (anabolic agents, cannabinoids, diuretics, glucocorticoids, hormone and metabolic modulators, and stimulants) at low and medium concentrations. Additionally, the pH value and specific gravity were measured and the presence of oxybutynin was qualitatively determined by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In initial testing procedures, all samples were tested negative. Oxybutynin was present in most of the samples but found to have no significant effect on the detectability of the 25 model compounds subsequently added to each urine specimen. Therefore, it can be concluded that intravesical instillations with oxybutynin hydrochloride do not alter the integrity and validity of doping control urine samples.
Vegetation source water identification using isotopic and hydrometric observations from a subhumid mountain catchment
Authors: Dwivedi Ravindra , Eastoe Christopher , Knowles John F. , Wright William E. , Hamann Lejon , Minor Rebecca , Mitra Bhaskar , Meixner Tom , McIntosh Jennifer , Ty Ferre Paul A. , Castro Christopher , Niu Gou‐Yue , Barron‐Gafford Greg A. , Abramson Nate , Papuga Shirley A. , Stanley Michael , Hu Jia , Chorover Jon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study coupled long‐term hydrometric and stable water isotope data to identify links between subsurface water storage and vegetation in a subhumid mountain catchment in Arizona, USA. Specific observations included catchment‐scale hydrologic fluxes and soil water storage and stable water isotopes from stream water, soil water, groundwater, and sap water from Arizona pine (Pinus arizonica) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) individuals. Here, we find that tightly bound soil water was sufficient to meet dry period vegetation water demand when the former was defined in terms of field capacity as opposed to a matric tension threshold. This water was a mixture of summer and winter precipitation that predominates in both shallow and deep soil waters, and contributed significantly to streamflow. We also identified a less common mobile water type that did not contribute significantly to streamflow and was related to infiltration during isotopically depleted precipitation events. Although each water type was used by both Arizona pine and Douglas fir vegetation, the second water type was dominant in Douglas fir sap water. Therefore, we conclude that Arizona pine and Douglas fir can occupy different ecohydrological niches at this subhumid mountain location. Further, a lack of isotopic distinction between tightly bound and inferred mobile soil water signals that the ecohydrological water source separation hypothesis is not entirely applicable at this site. The results of this study broadly highlight how alternative definitions of tightly bound water can influence interpretation of data, and contribute to a more thorough understanding of interactions between subsurface storage and plant water dynamics.
Sacubitril/valsartan in heart failure and end‐stage renal insufficiency
Authors: Heyse Alex , Manhaeghe Lynn , Mahieu Elien , Vanfraechem Céline , Van Durme Frederik 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of this report is to describe the feasibility and tolerability of medical treatment with sacubitril/valsartan in a patient treated with hemodialysis. We describe the case of a 67‐year‐old man with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction due to an ischemic cardiomyopathy and renal insufficiency undergoing hemodialysis. Because of worsening heart failure with no other therapeutic options, a treatment with sacubitril/valsartan was started. Although this patient had a very low systolic blood pressure, he could tolerate a moderate dose of 49/51 mg twice daily. After initiation of sacubitril/valsartan, there was a symptomatic improvement with a clear reduction NT‐proBNP, accompanied by a decrease in filling pressures. In conclusion, in this patient with severe heart failure undergoing hemodialysis, treatment with sacubitril/valsartan was feasible, safe, and improved heart failure symptoms.
Towards a quantitative assessment of inorganic carbon cycling in photosynthetic microorganisms
Authors: Müller Stefan , Zavřel Tomáš , Červený Jan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhotosynthetic organisms developed various strategies to mitigate high light stress. For instance, aquatic organisms are able to spend excessive energy by exchanging dissolved CO2 (dCO2) and bicarbonate () with the environment. Simultaneous uptake and excretion of the two carbon species is referred to as inorganic carbon cycling. Often, inorganic carbon cycling is indicated by displacements of the extracellular dCO2 signal from the equilibrium value after changing the light conditions. In this work, we additionally use (i) the extracellular pH signal, which requires non‐ or weakly‐buffered medium, and (ii) a dynamic model of carbonate chemistry in the aquatic environment to detect and quantitatively describe inorganic carbon cycling. Based on simulations and experiments in precisely controlled photobioreactors, we show that the magnitude of the observed dCO2 displacement crucially depends on extracellular pH level and buffer concentration. Moreover, we find that the dCO2 displacement can also be caused by simultaneous uptake of both dCO2 and (no inorganic carbon cycling). In a next step, the dynamic model of carbonate chemistry allows for a quantitative assessment of cellular dCO2, , and H+ exchange rates from the measured dCO2 and pH signals. Limitations of the method are discussed.
Juvenile mild traumatic brain injury elicits distinct spatiotemporal astrocyte responses
Authors: Clément Tifenn , Lee Jeong B. , Ichkova Aleksandra , Rodriguez‐Grande Beatriz , Fournier Marie‐Line , Aussudre Justine , Ogier Michael , Haddad Elizabeth , Canini Frederic , Koehl Muriel , Abrous Djoher Nora , Obenaus Andre , Badaut Jerome 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMild‐traumatic brain injury (mTBI) represents ~80% of all emergency room visits and increases the probability of developing long‐term cognitive disorders in children. To date, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying post‐mTBI cognitive dysfunction are unknown. Astrogliosis has been shown to significantly alter astrocytes' properties following brain injury, potentially leading to significant brain dysfunction. However, such alterations have never been investigated in the context of juvenile mTBI (jmTBI). A closed‐head injury model was used to study jmTBI on postnatal‐day 17 mice. Astrogliosis was evaluated using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, and nestin immunolabeling in somatosensory cortex (SSC), dentate gyrus (DG), amygdala (AMY), and infralimbic area (ILA) of prefrontal cortex in both hemispheres from 1 to 30 days postinjury (dpi). In vivo T2‐weighted‐imaging (T2WI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed at 7 and 30 dpi to examine tissue level structural alterations. Increased GFAP‐labeling was observed up to 30 dpi in the ipsilateral SSC, the initial site of the impact. However, vimentin and nestin expression was not perturbed by jmTBI. The morphology of GFAP positive cells was significantly altered in the SSC, DG, AMY, and ILA up to 7 dpi that some correlated with magnetic resonance imaging changes. T2WI and DTI values were significantly altered at 30 dpi within these brain regions most prominently in regions distant from the impact site. Our data show that jmTBI triggers changes in astrocytic phenotype with a distinct spatiotemporal pattern. We speculate that the presence and time course of astrogliosis may contribute to pathophysiological processes and long‐term structural alterations following jmTBI.
Frailty and the Burden of Concurrent and Incident Disability in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lai Jennifer C. , Dodge Jennifer L. , McCulloch Charles E. , Covinsky Kenneth E. , Singer Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2019

Frailty results from the chronic effects of malnutrition and muscle wasting in patients with cirrhosis. It is well‐established that frailty is strongly associated with mortality in this population. However, little is known of its relationship with physical disability, a critical patient‐centered outcome. Adults with cirrhosis underwent outpatient testing of frailty using the Liver Frailty Index (LFI) and disability using activities of daily living (ADL; range 0‐6) and Instrumental ADL (IADL; range 0‐8) scales at one center between 2012 and 2016. We used adjusted multilevel logistic mixed‐effects regression to test the association between frailty and current disability (impairment with ≥1 ADL or IADL) and incident disability at 6 months among those without baseline disability. Of the 983 participants, 20% were robust, 32% were less robust, 33% were prefrail, and 15% were frail; 587 (60%) had at least 1 assessment. The percentage of participants with at least 1 baseline ADL or IADL impairment was 28% and 37%, respectively. In adjusted regression models, each point LFI increase was associated with a 3.3 and 4.6 higher odds of current difficulty with at least 1 ADL and IADL (P < 0.001 for each), respectively. Among participants without baseline disability, each point LFI increase was associated with a 2.6 and 1.7 higher odds of having difficulty with at least 1 ADL and IADL at 6 months, respectively. Conclusion: Frailty is strongly associated with concurrent and incident disability in patients with cirrhosis. In the clinic, the LFI can be used to identify those in greatest need for additional support/resources to maintain functional independence. In research settings, the LFI may help to identify an enriched population for clinical trials of interventions aimed at those most vulnerable to disability.