bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Former à la recherche pour l’industrie en France ?
Authors: Fonteneau Virginie 
Published: December 2020

Le titre d’ingénieur-docteur créé par décret du 30 avril 1924 doit sanctionner un « travail technique reconnu satisfaisant par un jury composé des membres de la faculté » et préparé dans un laboratoire d’une faculté des sciences. L’enjeu de ce titre est de former une nouvelle catégorie d’ingénieurs pour l’industrie : une élite formée par la recherche. Une liste d’écoles autorisées à envoyer leurs ingénieurs diplômés est publiée quelques mois plus tard, ce qui est interprété comme une reconnaissance du sérieux et du niveau de leur formation. Dans un article de 1937, le président de l’Union nationale des associations d’anciens élèves des écoles de chimie affirme que les ingénieurs-docteurs « n’apportent que rarement […] un concours efficace à l’industrie » et s’orientent de préférence vers l’enseignement. À partir de cette réflexion qui pose le problème de l’impact de ce nouveau titre dans l’industrie, cet article en analyse l’émergence ainsi que les thèses soutenues en France jusqu’en 1939.
À la recherche d’un Eldorado : les ingénieurs des mines français en Colombie au xixe siècle
Authors: Eychenne Bertrand 
Published: December 2020

Dans les années 1820, un mouvement spéculatif initié par les emprunts nationaux des nouveaux États sud-américains entraîne la création d’entreprises étrangères destinées à exploiter leurs ressources minières. Celles-ci ont alors besoin d’ingénieurs sur le terrain pour évaluer les sites et diriger leur exploitation. En suivant les parcours de deux ingénieurs des mines français en Colombie au xixe siècle, nous analysons les relations qui se nouent entre ces techniciens et les entreprises minières étrangères. Elles nous montrent notamment à quel point ces ingénieurs sont nécessaires à la mise en place et au développement de ces compagnies fondées par des investisseurs. Nous verrons par ailleurs comment l’objectif de rentabilité amène les ingénieurs à utiliser les investissements étrangers avec pragmatisme en adaptant des techniques locales.
L’électrification au cœur de l’Europe
Authors: Efmertová Marcela 
Published: December 2020

Le nouvel État tchécoslovaque, créé après l’effondrement de la monarchie austro-hongroise en octobre 1918 et fondé sur une démocratie pluraliste, recherchait la croissance économique et la stabilité politique. Il a pu les obtenir non seulement grâce à la position internationale acquise après la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale et fixée par le traité de Versailles, mais aussi grâce à des décisions internes qui ont assuré à la Tchécoslovaquie entre les deux guerres une certaine stabilité économique internationale. Peu après la création de la Tchécoslovaquie indépendante, en 1919, une des décisions importantes de l’État a été d’adopter une loi sur l’électrification systématique. Cet article analyse le processus d’électrification organisé par l’État tchécoslovaque par le biais de deux biographies d’ingénieurs, celles d’Emil Kolben dans le domaine de l’industrie électrotechnique et de Vladimír List dans le domaine de l’éducation et de la science en électrotechnique.
La carrière de Pierre Bézier chez Renault (1933-1975)
Authors: Michel Alain P. 
Published: December 2020

Cet article présente le cas de Pierre Bézier (1910-1999), un ingénieur issu des Arts et Métiers puis de l’École supérieure d’électricité qui a fait toute sa carrière (1933-1975) dans l’entreprise automobile Renault. Bézier a été tour à tour l’artisan d’une forme originale d’automatisation (1947), un pionnier en Europe de la commande numérique (1958), puis l’un des fondateurs, à l’échelle mondiale, de l’informatique industrielle (1966). Les « courbes et surfaces de Bézier » sont au fondement de la Conception et fabrication assistées par ordinateur (CFAO) qui ont réorganisé le design, la production de série et notre monde virtuel. Pourquoi cet innovateur important est-il resté un « inconnu célèbre » ? En confrontant les archives de l’entreprise aux documents conservés par l’un de ses ingénieurs l’article mesure le destin d’un électromécanicien de génie à l’aune de l’évolution d’une usine. Il montre qu’un parcours individuel peut requestionner le passé d’une entreprise. Comment une biographie sert-elle l’histoire globale ?
La question des machines, le travail et les savoirs au xixe siècle
Authors: Jarrige François 
Published: December 2020

Au xixe siècle, le développement de nouveaux systèmes techniques de production fondés sur l’emploi croissant de puissantes machines commence à bouleverser les expériences du travail comme les qualifications ouvrières. Ces nouvelles trajectoires s’accompagnent de débats, suivent des chronologies décalées et des chemins variés en fonction des territoires. Les querelles pour fixer le sens du processus et ses enjeux traversent les mondes du travail comme la sphère savante. Pour de nombreux acteurs, le triomphe de la machine menaçait les positions établies, introduisait de nouveaux risques et remettait en cause l’ancienne organisation. Peu à peu néanmoins, s’impose un « âge des machines » qui recompose les rapports sociaux dans un sens jugé bénéfique car il doit alléger les souffrances des travailleurs en accroissant les richesses produites.
Platypnea-orthodeoxia in a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Singh Komal , Kadnur Harshit , Ray Animesh , Khanna Puneet , Singh Akhil , Wig Naveet , Trikha Anjan 
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 pneumonia has a significant case fatality rate and no effective antiviral drugs are available even after 9 months of the pandemic. The spectrum of COVID-19 disease ranges from asymptomatic cases to severe ARDS with myriad manifestations. Here we report a case of a male patient with severe COVID-19 ARDS who improved after receiving standard therapy but again ‘deteriorated’ after being stepped down to ward. He complained of worsening shortness of breath and hypoxemia which was found to be mainly positional. After ruling out other causes, he was labeled as a case of platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome due to underlying lung involvement. It is important to be aware of this condition in the context of COVID-19 which can be easily diagnosed bedside with pulse oximetry
NATURE, INACTION AND ILLUSION: THE INFLUENCE OF TAOISM ON AMERICAN POETRY IN THE 20TH CENTURY
Authors: Lihong Zhu , Feng Wang 
Published: December 2020

<p>Taoism is one of the most fundamental thoughts in China, and Laozi’s Taoist theory is even more brilliant, shining through the entire history of Chinese culture. Taoist culture and thoughts through translation have influenced American poetry directly or indirectly. Tao Te Ching (also Laozi) has become the most widely translated Chinese classic in history with the largest circulation overseas. Moreover, its translation has become second only to the Bible. At present, most scholars tend to comment on its translations, and there are few researches on the influence of Taoist thoughts after translation. Therefore, this paper intends to focus on the influences of Taoism on American poetry after translation. The study is based on three major cultural movements in the 20th century in the United States: the New Poetry Movement, the Beat Movement and the Deep Imagist Movement, taking typical poems in these movements as the research objects. The study intends to illustrate the great influences of Taoism on the three cultural movements in the 20th century in the United States by means of close reading, comparative analysis from the perspective of diachronic research. It first introduces the three American movements briefly, enumerates the poets who absorbed Taoist ideas in the movements, and then explains specifically what thoughts they absorbed from Taoism through the comparative analysis between the original Taoist thoughts and the thoughts in American poet’s poetry. It demonstrated in detail that American poets absorbed Taoist thoughts that have an impact on their poetry writing as poets. During the New Poetry Movement, the poets advocated the Taoists view of nature. During the Beat Movement, they paid close attention to the view of “inaction”, while the poets of the Deep Image Group concentrated on the illusion under the view of “homogeneous things”, which promoted the diversified development of American poetry.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0620/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF METAPHORS IN POLITICAL TEXTS – A CASE STUDY OF THE REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT 2020
Authors: Feng Tingting , Wang Feng 
Published: December 2020

<p>As a cognitive phenomenon, metaphor is frequently used in political texts, which have been gradually standardized and characterized in China in recent years. Appropriate metaphors can better convey political information and express political stance. Therefore, the accurate translation of metaphor is of great importance. It can not only help to improve the effect of publicity, but also contribute to the construction of national discourse. Based on the bilingual version of the Report on the Work of the Government 2020 (RWG), this study discusses the translation strategies of metaphors in political texts, so as to provide references for the translation of political texts, thereby improving the publicity efficiency and promoting the construction of national discourse.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0646/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
A STUDY ON THE TANG POETRY TRANSLATION IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF "HARMONY-GUIDED THREE-LEVEL POETRY TRANSLATION CRITERIA" - A CASE STUDY OF LI BAI'S "LOOKING AT THE MOUNT SKY GATE"
Authors: Congcong Wang , Feng Wang 
Published: December 2020

<p>The poetry of Tang is a kind of classic literature of China and famous historical heritage. Taking the "Harmony-guided Three-Level poetry translation criteria" as the theoretical basis, this paper compares the translations of two translators of different styles in different periods of Li Bai's "<em>Looking at the Mount Sky Gate"</em> from the macro, middle and micro levels. As for the Chinese translator Xu Yuanchong, his version has high formal beauty and musical beauty. Besides the expression of a few images, he also gave a good consideration to "the beauty of numbers". Rewi Alley's translation is a free verse, but he tries to approach the original poem in terms of meaning. By the analysis of the above two versions, the authors endeavor to give their own version according to the "Harmony-guided Three-Level poetry translation criteria". The translation study of "<em>Looking at the Mount Sky Gate</em>" can enrich the theory of "Harmony-guided Three-Level poetry translation criteria" and promote the spread of Chinese literature and culture.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0626/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
COLLEGE CONVERSION INTO COVID-19 QUARANTINE CENTER: READINESS OF PARENTS ON STUDENTS RESUMPTION TO COLLEGE
Authors: Nchogu Rhoda , Ngechu Dorcas , Mramba Caroline , Kima Jane , Mutonga Dominic 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess parents’ readiness to allow students resume college after closure due to COVID-19.
Methodology: The study was descriptive cross-sectional design done at KMTC-Mombasa Campus. Participants (parents) were selected using multistage convenient random sampling method, where an assumption of each student having at least one parent was made. The total population of students is 850, 10% of the student population was found to be a representative number for parents. (0.1x850), n=85 with a confidence level of 95%. Response rate was 85.8% (n=73). Data was obtained using interviewer administered questionnaires. Data analysis was done using SPSS and results presented using tables and narrations.
Results: 78% (57) parents were willing to allow students resume college immediately while 22 % of parents were reluctant to allow students go back to college. 78% (57) parents were aware of the college being used as a quarantine center whereas 22% (16) were unaware. 92% (67) guardians perceived the college as safe despite its use as a quarantine center, while 8% of the guardians termed the college unsafe. 8% (6) parents who perceived the college as unsafe were being reluctant to allow their children back to college. Perception of safety significantly affected the readiness to allow students back to college with a chi-square value of (p=0.001).
Unique contribution to theory, practice, and policy This study investigated readiness of as parents as key stakeholders to allow students to resume college after it had been utilized as a quarantine centre during the COVID 19 pandemic. Readiness of parents to allow students resume studies in an institution used as a quarantine centre for clients suspected of having a highly infectious disease has not been examined in literature before especially in institutions of higher learning. The findings of this study are useful to policy makers and leaders in education sector as normalcy resumes and learning institutions are opened.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Tajwid dan Ketrampilan Membaca Al-Qur’an dalam Materi Al-Qur’an Hadist
Authors: Khamid Abdul , Prasmanita Dea , Munawaroh Rif’ah , Zamroni Ahmad , Nasitoh One Emi 
Published: December 2020

This research is an attempt to implement recitation and reading skills of the Qur'an in the material of the Qur'an in class VII students at Al Manar Bener Tengaran MTs. In a teaching and learning activities it is not enough just to transfer knowledge and lecture only. As a teacher must have the skills and methods of learning that are fun so that learning can be achieved effectively and efficiently. The main questions to be answered through this research are (1) How is the implementation of recitation and reading skills of the Qur'an in learning the Qur'an ' an Hadith of grade VII students at MTs Al Manar Bener Tengaran ?, and (2) What are the Obstacles and Solutions in the implementation of recitation and reading skills in the Qur'an in learning the Qur'an Hadith of grade VII students at MTs Al Manar Bener Tengaran ?. To answer these questions, this research uses a qualitative approach by sharing the stages in its research. Based on literature review and research results in the field, the research can conclude that the results of research on the implementation of recitation and reading skills of the Qur'an in learning the Qur'an Hadith VII grade students at MTs Al Manar Bener Tengaran in planning, implementing, evaluating as well as obstacles and solutions in the learning process in accordance with the material taught namely recitation and the skills in reading the Qur'an.
Keywords: Tajwid Learning, Reading Skill of Al Qur]an
Sistem Zonasi Sebagai Solusi Bagi Orang Tua untuk Mendapatkan Pendidikan Anak Yang Bermutu Di Kota Kupang
Authors: Datuk Amirulah 
Published: December 2020

Pendidikan adalah sesuatu yang dinamis, kedininamisasian itu membutuhkan agenda-agenda yang matang dalam menghadapi setiap perubahan yang akan datang. Topik permasalahan yang menjadi kajian dalam penelitian ini dikarenakan setiap awal-awal tahun ajaran baru pemerimaan peserta didik baru (PPDB) sering dijumpai perdebatan, pro dan kontra dari orang tua terkait sistem zonasi. Penerapan sistem zonasi sebagai solusi bagi masyarakat menegah ke bawah sebagai konsesus dalam dunia pendidikan untuk mendapat pendidikan yang bermutu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana melihat peran pemerintah dengan segala bentuk otoritas kekuasannya hadir untuk memenuhi hak setiap warga negara dalam memperoleh layanan pendidikan guna meningkatkan kualitas hidup bangsa Indonesia. Metode Penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif yang berlandaskan pada filsafat postpositivisme. Temuan dasar dalam kajian penulis soal analisis kebijakan sistem zonasi masih terdapat kesenjangan anatara negeri maupun swasta. Kurang sinergi pemerintah pusat dan daerah dalam menyiapkan tenaga pendidik yang professional yang tersebar di sekolah-sekolah yang ada di Kota Kupang, penyedian fasilitas pembelajaran dan ruang bermain di sekolah yang belum memadahi, serta proses pelayanan dalam dunia pendidikan harus dipermudah.
Keywords: Sistem Zonasi, Mutu Pendidikan, PPDB Sistem Zonasi
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Transformasi Melalui Media Geogebra Kelas IX di SMP N 2 Banjit Way Kanan
Authors: Yunita Sri 
Published: December 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengaktifkan siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika dan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi transformasi dengan menggunakan media geogebra kelas IX di SMP Negeri 2 Banjit. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari empat tahapan, yaitu 1) perencanaan, 2) pelaksanaan, 3) observasi dan 4) refleksi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 2 Banjit. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IXC yang berjumlah 27 orang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama dua kali tindakan (siklus). Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancaara, angket,observasi dan tes hasil belajar. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada materi transformasi melalui penggunaan media Geogebra. Pada siklus I, perolehan ketuntasan belajar klasikal sebesar 63% dan pada siklus II menjadi 85%. Dengan peningkatan dari siklus I ke II sebesar 22%. Sedang untuk rata-rata pada siklus I sebesar 68,8 pada siklus II sebesar 76,3 dengan peningkatan nilai rata-rata dari siklus I ke II sebesar 7,5. Aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran pada siklus I 70% dan siklus II menjadi 81%, meningkat 11%. Berdasarkan hasil pelaksanaan tindakan yang mengalami peningkatan setiap pelaksanaan siklus, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa meningkat pada materi transformasi melalui media geogebra Kelas IXC di SMP Negeri 2 Banjit Way Kanan tahun pelajaran 2019/2020.
Kata Kunci: Media Geogebra, Materi Transformasi, Hasil Belajar
Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis Puisi dengan Model Pembelajaran Telisik (Tentukan, Analisis, Tampilkan)
Authors: Wicaksono Helmi , Tabrani Akhmad 
Published: December 2020

The aim of this article was to improve the ability in writing poetry through model of Telisik (Tentukan, Analisis, Tampilkan). The research method was Classroom Action Research (CAR) which consisted of four stages, namely 1) planning, 2) implementation, 3) observation and 4) reflection. The subjects in this study were 18 first semester students of language and literature study program at Universitas Islam Malang. This research was conducted during two actions (cycles). Data collection techniques was interviews, questionnaires, observation and test results. From the results of the study showed that there was increasingthe ability to write poetry with the Telisik model. Student mastery learning increased from 39% up to 66%. The implementation of the second cycle showed success. A significant increase was also seen from the results of the second cycle. The level of completeness of students reached 88%. Learning model of Telisik (Tentukan, Analisis, Tampilkan) which is supported by effective media and teacher attention, was an important factor supporting the success of learning activities.
Keywords: Telisik (Tentukan, Analisis, Tampilkan), Learning Model, Increasing Writing Poetry
Implementasi Kurikulum Muatan Lokal Tahfidz Qur’an di SMA Istiqomah Bandung
Authors: M Muhammad Mirwan , Sofia Wida Nafila 
Published: December 2020

educational activities. The local content curriculum includes curricular activities (activities related to the curriculum) which are used to develop student competencies that are tailored to regional characteristics and potential, including regional excellence. The aim of this article was to anlyze how the implementation of local content curriculum Tahfidz Qur'an at Senior High School Istiqomah Bandung, to analyze the obstacles factors in the implementation of the local content curriculum of Tahfidz Qur'an, and to analyze how to face the problem in implementing local content curriculum Tahfidz Qur'an. The researchers used qualitative methods. Using Interview, observation, and documentation data was collected. The result showed that the implementation of local content curriculum at Senior High School Istiqomah Bandung used three methods, namely sabak, sabki, manzil. The evaluation of Tahfidz Qur'an activities was done regularly either daily, weekly, monthly, and in each semester by submitting the real data about assessments and program activities as well as student memorizing developments. In implementing Tahfidz Qur'an, there were several factor obstacles, namely: laziness and lack of enthusiasm in memorizing, lack of concentration and weakness in memorizing. In responding to the existing obstacles, the teacher or ustadz has taken several actions, include providing motivation to keep the spirit of memorizing the Qur'an, giving rewards or gifts, extracurricular Tahfidz Qur'an, and conducting evaluations.
Keywords: Local Content Curriculum, Tahfidz Qur’an, Educational Curriculum
Manajemen Pemanfaatan Sarana Dan Prasarana Pembelajaran
Authors: Herawati Sri , Arafat Yasir , Puspita Yenni 
Published: December 2020

This study aimed at finding out management of the use of facilities and infrastructure in learning, obstacles and the solutions in Elementary School of 25 Betung. This research used a qualitative method. Subject in this study was the principal, teachers, infrastructure coordinator, school committee and supervisor. Technique of collecting data employed observation, interview and documentation. The technique of data validity used triangulation of methods and sources. Data analysis techniques used interactive model. The management of learning facilities and infrastructure is utilized through planning, implementing and controlling facilities and infrastructure. The obstacles are the storage area requires funds for expansion and repair, and a lack of administrative personnel, especially for the management of facilities and infrastructure. Solving budget problems by optimizing the limited personnel is to be more observant in determining the priority scale according to the existing budget, then involving existing personnel in formal courses or training.
Keywords: Management Facility, Management Infrastructure, Learning
Applying Hassle Lines Strategy to Improve the Students’ Speaking Skill
Authors: Kholid Mohammad Ridho , Noviyandi Andi 
Published: December 2020

This article was to improve the students’ speaking skill at the eleventh grade at sate senior high school 10 Bandar Lampung through Hassle Lines Strategy. Classroom Action Research was used in this method, with the sample of twenty six students that consist of 8 male and 18 female.In cycle of Hassle Lines Strategy, 81% the students prepare the conversation actively, 92% students practice orally, 65% students can mention the body language, and 85% students share to the teacher. From questionnaire, the researcher got the data Hassle Lines Strategy implementing was 91% of student agree and 9% of student disagree, the positive respond accomplished. From the test, 81% of students passed the KKM in post Hassle Lines Strategy implementing.
Keywords: Hassle Lines Strategy, Speaking Skills, Learning Strategy