bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confocal Microscopy of Stage 4 Diffuse Lamellar Keratitis With Spontaneous Resolution
Authors: Silva Ma Victoria De Rojas , Díez-Feijóo Elío , Rodríguez-Ares Ma Teresa , Sánchez-Salorio Manuel 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report confocal microscopic findings at the onset of stage 4 diffuse lamellar keratitis and after its resolution. Stage 4 is the most severe form of diffuse lamellar keratitis. Its incidence is approximately 1 in 5000 and is associated with stromal melting, deep flap folds, central haze, hyperopic shift, irregular astigmatism, and severe decrease in visual acuity.
METHODS: A 22-year-old woman underwent bilateral uncomplicated laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia. Postoperative course in the right eye was uneventful; however, in the left eye, stage 4 diffuse lamellar keratitis developed. Confocal microscopy examination was performed in both eyes at the onset of the syndrome and after its resolution. Findings in the eye with diffuse lamellar keratitis (left eye) were compared with the uninvolved (right) eye.
RESULTS: The condition improved spontaneously and 2 years later, slit-lamp microscopy showed resolution of the folds and haze with subsequent improvement of visual acuity. However, confocal microscopic examination in the left eye revealed a persistent stromal subclinical haze on both sides of the lamellar cut and prominent folds that extended into the anterior stroma.
CONCLUSION: Confocal microscopy revealed that in spite of normal appearance on slit-lamp microscopy, micromorphological alterations persisted after spontaneous resolution of stage 4 diffuse lamellar keratitis. [J Refract Surg 2004;20: 391-396].
Brucella Infection Regulates Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein Expression to Facilitate Intracellular Survival by Reducing the Production of Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Hu Hai , Tian Mingxing , Li Peng , Guan Xiang , Lian Zhengmin , Yin Yi , Shi Wentao , Ding Chan , Yu Shengqing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a multifunctional protein that functions in tumor suppression, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. However, how TXNIP functions during microbial infections is rarely reported. In this study, we demonstrate that Brucella infection decreased TXNIP expression to promote its intracellular growth in macrophages by decreasing the production of NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Following Brucella abortus infection, TXNIP knockout RAW264.7 cells produced significantly lower levels of NO and ROS, compared with wild-type RAW264.7 cells. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitor treatment reduced NO levels, which resulted in a dose-dependent restoration of TXNIP expression, demonstrating that the expression of TXNIP is regulated by NO. In addition, the expression of iNOS and the production of NO were dependent on the type IV secretion system of Brucella. Moreover, Brucella infection reduced TXNIP expression in bone marrow–derived macrophages and mouse lung and spleen. Knocked down of the TXNIP expression in bone marrow–derived macrophages increased intracellular survival of Brucella. These findings revealed the following: 1) TXNIP is a novel molecule to promote Brucella intracellular survival by reducing the production of NO and ROS; 2) a negative feedback–regulation system of NO confers protection against iNOS-mediated antibacterial effects. The elucidation of this mechanism may reveal a novel host surveillance pathway for bacterial intracellular survival.
Using positron-emission tomography–computed tomography for predicting radiotherapy-induced tumor regression in carcinoma esophagus in an Indian population
Authors: Singh Sankalp , Bisht Niharika , Sarin Arti , Kumar A. V. S. , Gupta Samir , Kapoor Amul , Mishra Prabha 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCarcinoma esophagus is a common malignancy of the Indian subcontinent. The role of positron-emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) in the assessment of response to radiotherapy has been widely studied and accepted. However, its precise use as a predictive tool for actual histopathological response to radiotherapy needs further evaluation, especially in an Indian population. The aim of this study was to identify a quantum of metabolic response on PET-CT that can also predict for a good pathological response. Forty-four patients of carcinoma esophagus treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery were included in the study. All patients underwent a PET-CT before starting treatment as well as at 4–6 weeks after completion of radiotherapy. The percentage change in pre and posttreatment maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) value (ΔSUV%) of the primary tumor was correlated against histopathological tumor regression grade (TRG) as per the Mandard's system. Seventy-five percent of the patients with a significant metabolic response, i.e., a ΔSUV% of 60% or more, also had a good pathological response to treatment. Thus, by considering a ΔSUV% of 60%, we could predict for a good pathological response (TRG of 1 or 2) to chemoradiotherapy in our patient set with a sensitivity of 95.45% and a specificity of 72.72%.
The correlation between myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and three-dimensional echocardiography in ejection fraction and cardiac volumes for determination of the nearest filtering parameters
Authors: Mardanshahi Ali Reza , Alavi Abas , Yazdani Jamshid , Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal , Khoshakhlagh Mohammad , Dabirian Mozhdeh , Abedi Seyed Mahammad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEnd-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF) are cardiac volumes that have crucial roles in diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients. There are differences between these mentioned parameters in echocardiography (Echo) and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) in clinical practice. In this study, we determined the nearest filtering parameters in the analysis of MPS data in comparison with three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE). All of patients were in this study, and 3DE and MPS were performed for all patients at rest phase in the same day. MPS images were analyzed through quantitative gated single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) software with Butterworth filter which was a fixed order (order = 5) and variable cutoffs (COs) of 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, and 0.5. The EDV, ESV, and EF values were measured by 3DE and MPS and compared. Based on the above different COs, the ESVs of MPS were 15.5 ± 18 mL, 18 ± 20 mL, 21 ± 22.5 mL, 22 ± 23 mL, and 22.5 ± 23.5 mL, respectively, while ESV of 3DE was 44.4 ± 23.5 mL. It was observed as a significant difference between MPS and 3DE for ESV. The EDVs of MPS were 61.3 ± 24.5 ml, 64 ± 26.5 ml, 68 ± 29.5 ml, 72 ± 31 ml, and 76 ± 32.2 ml, respectively, while EDV of 3DE was 105 ± 30 ml, which was significantly different between two methods. The EFs of MPS were 79% ± 14%, 76% ± 13%, 73.5% ± 12%, 73.5% ± 11%, and 74% ± 11%, respectively. The EF of 3DE was 58.4% ± 10% ml. It was statistically significant difference in values of EF between SPECT analysis parameters and 3DE. It was interesting when the COs increased from 0.3 to 0.5; the cardiac volumes increased while the EF decreased. The measured ESV and EDV values were lower in females than males while the EFs of females were higher than males. Finally, we demonstrate that the nearest Cos for measuring of EF and cardiac volumes for analysis of MPS data in comparison with 3DE are 0.45 and 0.5, respectively.
Advanced modalities of molecular imaging in precision medicine for musculoskeletal malignancies
Authors: Jokar Narges , Velez Erik , Shooli Hossein , Dadgar Habibollah , Sadathosseini Seyed Abbas , Assadi Majid , Gholamrezanezhad Ali 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMusculoskeletal malignancies consist of a heterogenous group of mesenchymal tumors, often with high inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity. The early and accurate diagnosis of these malignancies can have a substantial impact on optimal treatment and quality of life for these patients. Several new applications and techniques have emerged in molecular imaging, including advances in multimodality imaging, the development of novel radiotracers, and advances in image analysis with radiomics and artificial intelligence. This review highlights the recent advances in molecular imaging modalities and the role of non-invasive imaging in evaluating tumor biology in the era of precision medicine.
Modeling Total Electron Content derived from radio occultation measurements by COSMIC satellites over the African Region
Authors: Mungufeni Patrick , Stolle Claudia , Samireddipalle Sripathi , Migoya-Orué Yenca , Kim Yong Ha 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. This study developed a model of Total Electron Content (TEC) over the African region. The TEC data were derived from	radio occultation measurements done by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) satellites. Geomagnetically quiet time (Kp  −20 nT) data during the years 2008–2011, and 2013–2017 were binned according to local time, seasons, solar flux level, geographic longitude, and dip latitude. Cubic B splines were	fitted to the binned data to obtain the model. The model was validated using TEC data of the years 2012 and 2018. The validation exercise revealed that, approximation of observed TEC data by our model produces root mean squared error of 4.8 TECU. Moreover, the modeled TEC data correlated highly with the observed TEC data (r = 0.93). Our model is the first attempt to predict TECs over the entire African region by using extensive COSMIC TEC measurements. Due to the extensive input data and the good modeling technique, we were able to reproduce the well-known features such as local time, seasonal, solar activity, and spatial variations of TEC over the African region.
Ventilatör İlişkili Pnömoni Hastalarından İzole Edilen Mikroorganizmaların Antimikrobiyal Duyarlılıkları
Authors: TOKSÖZ Veysel , YILMAZ Mustafa 
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Ventilatör ilişkili pnömoni(VİP), invaziv mekanik ventilasyon uygulanan hastalarda gelişen ve yoğun bakım ünitelerinde sık karşılaşılan, mortalite oranı yüksek hastane enfeksiyonudur. Klinik olarak ventilatör ilişkili pnömoni tanısı almış hastalarda solunum yolu materyalinde üreyen bakteriler ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıklarını belirlemeyi amaçladık.
Yöntemler: Çalışmada, yoğun bakım ünitelerinde klinik olarak ventilatör ilişkili pnömoni tanısı konulan 50 hastadan alınan endotrakeal aspirat (ETA) örnekleri %5 koyun kanlı agar (Oxoid, Hampshire, ENGLAND) ve “Eosin Methylene Blue” (EMB) (Oxoid, Hampshire, ENGLAND) agarına ekildi. Plaklar 37°C’de 18-24 saat inkübe edildi; saf kültür halinde ≥100 000 cfu/ml üreyen plaklar çalışmaya dahil edildi. İzole edilen etkenlerin tanımlanması ve antimikrobiyal duyarlılıkları konvansiyonel yöntemler ve Phoenix Diagnostic System (Sparks, MD, USA) sistemi ile araştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: Ventilatör ilişkili pnömoni olgularında; Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) %42, Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumoniae) %26, Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa) %20, Serratia marcescens(S.marcescens) %4, %2’şer oranlarla da Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoiae), Enterobacter spp, Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) ve Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(S.maltophilia) izole edilmiştir. A. baumannii izolatlarının 42’sinin hepsinin (%100) seftazidim, imipenem, meropenem, piperasilin-tazobaktam ve sefepime duyarlı olmadığı saptanmıştır. K.pneumoniae izolatlarında gentamisin duyarlılığı %85, trimetoprim-sulfametaksazol duyarlılığı %62 olarak saptanmıştır. P.aeruginosa izolatlarında ise piperasilin-tazobaktam’a %10 oranında duyarlılık tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Ampirik tedavide kullanılacak antibiyotiklerin ünitenin mikrobiyolojik flora ve antibiyotik duyarlılığına göre yönlendirilmesi, etken izolasyonu sonrasında ise; tedavinin antibiyotik duyarlılık sonucuna göre dar spektrumlu antibiyotiklerle modifiye edilmesi gerektiği kanaatine varılmıştır.
Deneysel Hipertansiyon Modelinde Farklı DOCA-tuz Uygulama Sürelerinin Kan Basıncı ve Damar Cevapları Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: HAN Sevtap , ULUDAĞ Mecit Orhan , DEMİREL YILMAZ Emine 
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Hipertansiyon, gelişiminde pek çok faktörün etkili olması nedeniyle araştırılması zor bir hastalıktır. Deoksikortikosteron asetat (DOCA)-tuz hipertansiyon modeli, oldukça sık kullanılan ve insanlardaki esansiyel hipertansiyonu başarılı bir şekilde taklit edebilen bir deneysel modeldir. Hipertansiyon çalışmalarında, hayvan modelinin seçimi kadar seçilen modelinin ne kadar süreyle uygulanacağı da büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, DOCA-tuz hipertansiyon modelinin farklı sürelerde uygulanmasının, kan basıncı ve damar cevapları üzerine etkileri, araştırılmıştır.
Yöntemler: Deneylerde 8 haftalık, erkek Wistar albino sıçanlar kullanılmıştır. DOCA-tuz hipertansiyon modelini oluşturmak için, hayvanlara tek taraflı nefrektomi uygulanmış ardından haftada iki kez DOCA enjeksiyonu (15 mg/kg, s.c.) yapılmış ve %1 NaCl ile %0,2 KCl içeren içme suyu verilmiştir. Uygulamalara farklı hayvan gruplarına 4 hafta ve 8 hafta boyunca devam edilmiş ve kan basınçları ölçülmüştür. Süre sonunda, hayvanların torasik aortları izole edilmiş ve damar cevapları izole organ banyosunda kaydedilmiştir.
Bulgular: 4 veya 8 hafta DOCA-tuz uygulaması, hayvanların kan basıncını yükseltmiş ve aortanın endotele bağımlı gevşeme cevaplarını azaltmıştır. 4 haftalık DOCA-tuz grubunda aortun KCl kasılma cevapları değişmezken, alfa-1 reseptör agonisti fenilefrin (FE) ile uyarılan kasılma cevapları azalmıştır. 8 haftalık DOCA-tuz grubunda ise, hem KCl hem de FE ile oluşan damar kasılmaları azalmıştır.
Sonuç: DOCA-tuz hipertansiyon modelinin erken döneminde, endotel işlevinde ve reseptör aracılı damar kasılmalarında bozukluklar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Daha uzun süreli uygulama sonucunda ise, kan basıncı daha fazla yükselmekte, hem endotel hem de damar düz kasının işlevlerinde bozukluklar görülmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, deneysel hipertansiyon modelinde farklı DOCA-tuz uygulama sürelerinin, damarların işlevleri üzerine farklı etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir.
Subklinik hipotroidi hasta serumlarında homosistein ve irisin seviyelerinin tanısal öneminin belirlenmesi
Authors: US ALTAY Diler , OZDEMIR Ozlem , NOYAN Tevfik , YUKSEL Sefa , AYHAN Burhanettin Sertaç 
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, subklinik hipotiroidi (SH) hastalarının serumlarında irisin ve homosistein (Hcy) düzeylerinin tanısal önemini belirlemektir.
Yöntemler: Çalışmada 80 kişi değerlendirildi. Hasta grubuna, SH tanısı konmuş 40 hasta ve kontrol grubuna 40 sağlıklı birey dahil edildi. Kan örnekleri toplandı ve enzim bağlı immünosorbent testi (ELISA) kullanılarak serum irisin ve Hcy düzeyleri belirlendi. Tiroid uyarıcı hormon (TSH), serbest triiyodotironin (fT3), serbest tiroksin (fT4) düzeyleri Cobas e 601 otoanalizörü kullanılarak kemilüminesans yöntemiyle ölçüldü.
Bulgular: SH hastalarında Irisin, Hcy, TSH düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (sırasıyla p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001). Ayrıca, İrisin ve Hcy seviyeleri TSH seviyeleri kadar spesifik ve sensitifti. SH için en iyi kesme noktaları, İrisin için > 14.43 ng / mL, Hcy için > 13.53 nmol / ml ve TSH için > 4.11 uUI / mL idi.
Sonuç: Irisin, Hcy SH için tanısal bir biyobelirteç olarak kullanılabilir.
Jinekomasti İle Tanı Alan 46,Xx Testiküler Cinsel Gelişim Bozukluğu Olgusu
Authors: YILDIRIM Ruken , UNAL Edip , HASPOLAT Yusuf Kenan 
Published: December 2019

46, XX Testiküler bozukluk, fenotipi erkek olan bir bireyde karyotip analizinin 46,XX olmasıyla karakterize oldukça
nadir görülen bir bozukluktur. Puberte sonrası jinekomasti, küçük testisler ve azospermiye bağlı sterilite görülebilir,
ancak penis boyu ve pubik kıllanma genellikle normaldir. Olgularda nadiren dış genital yapının yetersiz virilizasyonu;
hipospadias, inmemiş testis, ya da ambigius genitaleye kadar değişen bulgular görülür. Kısa boy ve normal zihinsel
gelişim 46, XX testiküler bozukluğun diğer klinik özellikleridir.
On üç buçuk yaşında erkek hasta memede büyüme şikayeti ile polikliniğimize başvurdu. Fizik muayenesinde, boy
kısalığı (10. Persantil), jinekomasti ve küçük testisler mevcuttu. Laboratuvar incelemesinde LH:24.32 mIU/ml,
FSH:34.26 mIU/ml, Estradiol:34.53 pg/ml, Total Testosteron:1.62 ng/ml saptanması üzerine hastadan karyotip
analizi istendi ve 46 XX olarak rapor edildi. SRY gen analizinin pozitif olması ile hastaya 46, XX testiküler cinsel gelişim
bozukluğu tanısı kondu.
Puberte döneminde jinekomasti ile başvuran olgularda hipergonadotropik hipogonadizm saptandığında kromozom
analizinin yapılmasının önemini vurgulamak için bu olgu sunuldu.
International Air Carriage Liability
Authors: Poláček Bohumil 
Published: December 2019

Air carriage liability for damage represents an essential issue of national and international transport, therefore it is regulated by national law (this article emphasizing Czech law), EU law and international law. Czech regulation consists of provisions of the Civil Code and the Aviation Act, mainly concerning operator’s liability. Several key Regulations, representing EU law, cover many aspects, for example compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights. The Montreal Convention introduced two tiers of liability and the fifth jurisdiction.
La face cachée du mouvement survivaliste au Québec. Le cas de Vic Survivaliste1
Authors: Geoffroy Martin 
Published: December 2019

Cet article a pour principal objectif de mettre à jour les liens entre les mouvements d’extrême droite et l’éthique survivaliste. Nous montrons qu’il y a une parenté entre la croyance de l’imminence de la fin de notre monde chez les survivalistes et l’eschatologie chrétienne que l’on retrouve chez les intégristes chrétiens proches de l’extrême droite. Nous développons aussi une thèse qui soutient que le survivalisme est une fiction qui appuie sa cohérence sur divers biais cognitifs : une forme de pensée extrême qui désire la mort de la société moderne pour revenir à un état de nature idéalisé.
Le principe général du bon gouvernement
Authors: Mockle Daniel 
Published: December 2019

Malgré sa notoriété, la thématique du bon gouvernement semble relever désormais du passé. Un examen plus attentif de son évolution offre pourtant un tout autre tableau. La généalogie des principes traditionnels du bon gouvernement montre la progression de la mesurabilité et de l’objectivité dans l’évaluation de l’action publique. Si la première génération de ces principes permet de mesurer l’importance des impératifs liés à la perfection morale du souverain, la deuxième correspond au tournant majeur que représente l’étape du droit légiféré et du développement du droit public lors des deux derniers siècles. Ces garanties de « mesurabilité » qu’offre le droit sont relayées de nos jours par l’affirmation de la troisième génération de principes (efficacité, imputabilité, précaution, qualité, célérité) qui reflètent des exigences de quantification et de « calculabilité » de l’action publique. D’autres principes (transparence, participation) rattachés à l’approfondissement de la démocratie politique complètent ce bilan. Ce sont des principes transversaux propres à plusieurs disciplines et qui illustrent bien l’essor des sciences du gouvernement. Pour le droit public, une telle évolution s’avère décisive, car ce champ du droit mérite d’être mieux compris à la lumière de cette acculturation avec d’autres disciplines et d’autres savoirs.
Une lecture juridique de l’économie « arrivante » : une autre financiarisation du droit des sociétés et des marchés
Authors: Tchotourian Ivan , Morteo Margaux 
Published: December 2019

Au cours des dernières décennies, le capitalisme n’a cessé de transformer le marché, bouleversant chaque fois un peu plus les concepts pourtant acquis des économistes et des juristes du monde des affaires. En dépit du progrès qu’elle occasionne, la financiarisation a mené à des scandales financiers et à des crises économiques majeures en 2000 et en 2007-2008 dont les effets sont encore palpables. Aujourd’hui, une autre financiarisation laisse progressivement son empreinte sur le droit des sociétés par actions et des marchés. Or, le droit s’adapte à ces changements d’orientation qui traversent les entreprises et la finance, celles-ci se montrant de plus en plus soucieuses de leur incidence sur la société. Une des plus récentes évolutions juridiques à cet égard est la création de statuts juridiques propres à certaines entreprises « hybrides » : les entreprises à mission sociétale. L’émergence de ce type d’entreprise donne de la dureté à la responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE) et procure une garantie de réalité derrière l’image de la vertu sans constituer pour autant une rupture de l’état du droit. La conception de l’entreprise telle qu’elle a longtemps été admise est par là même révolutionnée. Un pont entre le modèle libéral capitaliste et le modèle alternatif de l’économie sociale est donc en construction. Plus globalement, les dispositions légales se modernisent pour répondre à une demande croissante et permettent d’envisager de nos jours l’avènement d’une économie nouvelle en quête de plus de social et d’éthique. À cette fin, les acteurs de la finance, notamment sociale, poussent à la transformation des outils financiers pour générer un rendement social plutôt que strictement monétaire.
Climate Hazards and the Changing World of Coffee Pests and Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ogundeji B. A. , Olalekan-Adeniran M. A. , Orimogunje O. A. , Awoyemi S. O. , Yekini B. A. , Adewoye G. A. , Bankole I. A. 
Published: December 2019

Coffee has over the years remained of great importance to the global economy. Although the crop originated from Africa, its production is presently dominated by Brazil and Vietnam, which now respectively account for 34 and 13% of global production. Ethiopia and Uganda which are at the fore-front of production within sub-Saharan Africa account for 62% of the region’s coffee output. Out of the many species of coffee that exist, C. arabica (Arabica coffee) and C. canephora (Robusta coffee) are of outstanding economic importance. While the former does well on high altitudes (1000-2000 m above sea level), average temperature ranges of between 15 and 24°C, and 2000 mm rainfall per annum, the latter, which can thrive under hotter, drier conditions can be grown on altitudes of about 800 m above sea level. Generally speaking, optimal coffee-growing conditions include cool to warm tropical climates, rich soils, and few pests or diseases. Each of the grown species however does well under specific environmental conditions. The constantly increasing environmental temperatures, coupled with accompanying variations in weather conditions, have some direct debilitating effects on coffee production and quality. Pests and pathogens, being able to tolerate a wide range of temperature, have the capabilities to proliferate and negatively influence the crop’s yield, quality and production cost. In view of the the highlighted problems, some mitigation strategies have been developed by researchers to limit the extent of damage caused by global warming on coffee production in the region. Chief among these include genetic improvement/development of resistant cultivars, reforestation (planting under shade), high-density planting/irrigation, integrated pest management, improved access to climate information and reduction of green house gas emissions. These, among others would enhance the quantity and quality of coffee produced and consequently boost the region’s economy.