bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward Quantification
Authors: Kiselev Valerij G. , Körzdörfer Gregor , Gall Peter 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a long-standing challenge. We advocate that the origin of the problem is the simplification applied in commonly used models of the MRI signal relation to the target parameters of biological tissues. Two research fields are briefly reviewed as ways to respond to the challenge of quantitative MRI, both experiencing an exponential growth right now. Microstructure MRI strives to build physiology-based models from cells to signal and, given the signal, back to the cells again. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting aims at efficient simultaneous determination of multiple signal parameters. The synergy of these yet disjoined approaches promises truly quantitative MRI with specific target-oriented diagnostic tools rather than universal imaging methods.
Ultrasonography-Based Radiomics of Screening-Detected Ductal Carcinoma In Situ According to Visibility on Mammography
Authors: Koh Jieun , Lee Eunjung , Han Kyunghwa , Lee Young Han , Kwak Jin Young , Yoon Jung Hyun , Moon Hee Jung 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has different prognostic factors according to the detection modality. The purpose of this study was to compare parameters from a radiomic analysis of ultrasonography (US) images for DCIS detected on screening mammography (MMG) and US and detected on screening US only. A total of 154 surgically confirmed DCIS visible on US were included. Regions of interest were drawn onto US images of DCIS, and texture analysis was performed. Lesions were classified into those detected by both US and MMG (the US-MMG group) and those detected by US only (the US group). Analysis parameters were compared between the US-MMG group and the US group. Ninety-six lesions were included in the US-MMG group and 58 lesions in the US group. Energy, entropy, maximum, mean absolute deviation, range, SD, and variance were significantly higher in the US-MMG group than the US group. Kurtosis, skewness, and uniformity were significantly lower in the US-MMG group than the US group. Among the 22 gray-level cooccurrence matrix parameters, 18, 21, 22, 20, and 21 parameters were significantly different between the 2 groups in 0, 45, 90, and 135 degrees and the average value. Among the 11 gray-level run-length matrix parameters, 6, 6, 7, 7, and 6 parameters were significantly different in 0, 45, 90, and 135 degrees and the average value. Inverse variance and gray-level nonuniformity were the most different features between the 2 groups. Screening-detected DCIS showed different radiomic features according to the detection modality.
Does Prior Breast Augmentation Affect Outcomes After Mastectomy With Reconstruction? An Analysis of Postoperative Complications and Reoperations
Authors: Hammond Jacob B. , Foley Brittany M. , James Sheridan , Rebecca Alanna M. , Teven Chad M. , Kruger Erwin A. , Kosiorek Heidi E. , Cronin Patricia A. , Bernard Robert W. , Pockaj Barbara A. , Casey William J. 
Published: November 2020

Background
The purpose of this study is to evaluate how prior breast augmentation impacts rates of complications and risk for reoperation after mastectomy with concurrent breast reconstruction.

Methods
Patients undergoing nipple-sparing, skin-sparing, or simple mastectomy with implant-based reconstruction from 2008 to 2018 were identified in a prospective database. Postoperative complications and reoperations were then analyzed comparing patients with prior augmentation to patients without history of previous breast surgery.

Results
A total of 468 patients were identified with a median follow-up of 4 years. Of these, 72 had prior augmentation mammoplasty. These patients underwent nipple-sparing (52, 72%), skin-sparing (15, 21%), or simple (5, 7%) mastectomy with immediate direct-to-implant (46, 61%) or tissue expander (26, 35%) reconstruction. On univariate analysis, this cohort had a lower body mass index (23.3 vs 25.3, P = 0.003), a higher rate of nipple-sparing mastectomy (72% vs 54%, P = 0.01), and a higher prevalence of stage I disease (44% vs 33%, P = 0.04). Differences in age, comorbidities, reconstructive techniques, tumor size, and neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapies were not significant. Overall complication rate between patients with or without prior augmentation did not significantly differ (51% vs 50%, P = 0.83); no significant differences in rates of surgical site infection, hematoma, mastectomy skin flap/wound necrosis, nipple complications, implant loss, or capsular contracture were found. Analysis of reoperations between patients with and without prior augmentation revealed no significant differences in average number of subsequent planned, unplanned, or total reoperations. On multivariate analysis, prior breast augmentation was found to be associated with significantly increased risk for undergoing ≥1 unplanned reoperation (odds ratio, 2.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.28–4.05, P = 0.005).

Conclusions
Prior augmentation mammoplasty does not significantly affect rates of postoperative complications after mastectomy with concurrent reconstruction. Although prior augmentation does not affect number of subsequent reoperations on average, it does increase the risk of experiencing 1 or more unplanned reoperation after mastectomy with reconstruction.
Does Water-Jet Force Affect Cryopreserved Adipose-Derived Stem Cells? Evidence of Improved Cell Viability and Fat Graft Survival
Authors: Qu Yaping , Luan Jie , Mu Dali , Wang Qian , Li Zifei , Liu Tong , Fu Su 
Published: November 2020

Background
Adipose tissue harvested by liposuctions is an available source of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Water-jet–assisted liposuction is a favorable method for fat collection with little mechanical damage. This study aimed to investigate whether or not the water-jet–assisted liposuction made a difference in the biological characteristics of cryopreserved ASCs and fat graft survival in cell-assisted lipotransfer.

Methods
Human lipoaspirates were obtained from the abdomen or thighs of 20 female participants for body contouring. A single surgeon randomly harvested 50 mL of adipose tissue by the water-jet–assisted liposuction and the conventional liposuction, respectively. Adipose-derived stem cells were isolated from lipoaspirates and then cryopreserved for 4 weeks. Cryopreserved ASCs were used to examine the surface markers, cell proliferation, migration, and adipogenic differentiation in vitro. The fat survival of ASCs-enriched grafts from different liposuctions was measured in animal models.

Results
The cryopreserved ASCs with the water-jet assistance had better capacities of cell proliferation, migration, and adipogenic differentiation and achieved a better survival result of ASCs-enriched fat grafting.

Conclusions
Cryopreservation of ASCs with the water-jet force showed more excellent biological characteristics. The water-jet–assisted liposuction was superior to the conventional liposuction in obtaining ASCs and fat survival of coimplantation with grafts.
The Role of a Deep Neuromuscular Block in the Treatment of Mandibular Subcondylar Fractures
Authors: Bonavolontà Paola , Orabona Giovanni Dell’Aversana , Cama Antonia , Maglitto Fabio , Abbate Vincenzo , Romano Antonio , Piombino Pasquale , Iaconetta Giorgio , Califano Luigi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Mandibular fractures are the third most frequents maxillo-facial fractures. Most frequent site is the subcondylar region. Different approaches to reach subcondylar region, have been described. In the study was evaluated the advantages of neuromuscular block during endoscopic surgery for subcondylar fractures. Twenty-five patients affected by subcondylar fractures were enrolled in this study and divided in 2 groups; group A: patients who received an intraoperative booster of curare during surgical procedure and group B patients who underwent surgery treated without the intraoperative booster of curare. All patients were treated successfully by endoscope-assisted transoral approach. The analysis of time required for surgery showed a reduction in group A comparing to group B. The mean time for surgery for the patients in group B with displacement between 0° and 45° was 170 minutes, and for 45° to 90° was 230 minutes. In group A, the mean time was 117.5 minutes for patients with condylar displacement between 0° and 45°, and 147.5 minutes for the other group. In conclusion, deep neuromuscular block seems to improve the surgical conditions in patients undergoing subcondylar endoscopic assisted surgery, further study needs to assess this surgical technique in order to better define this surgical protocol.
Significance of Uncinate Duct Dilatation in IPMNs
Authors: AlMasri Samer S. , Zenati Mazen S. , Dasyam Anil , Singhi Aatur D. , Lee Kenneth K. , Bartlett David L. , Slivka Adam , Mcgrath Kevin , Chennat Jennifer , Fasanella Kenneth E. , Khalid Asif , Brand Randall E. , Sarkaria Savreet , Das Rohit , Hogg Melissa E. , Zeh Herbert J. , Paniccia Alessandro , Zureikat Amer H. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the significance of UDD in IPMNs.

Background:
The uncinate process of the pancreas has an independent ductal drainage system. International consensus guidelines of IPMNs still consider it as a branch-duct, even though it is the main drainage system for the uncinate process.

Methods:
A retrospective review of all surgically treated IPMNs at our institution after 2008 was performed. Preoperative radiological studies were reviewed by an abdominal radiologist who was blinded to the pathological results. In addition to the Fukuoka criteria, presence of UDD was recorded. Using multivariate analysis, the pathological significance of UDD in predicting advanced neoplasia [high grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma (HGD/ IC)] was determined.

Results:
Two hundred sixty patients were identified (mean age at diagnosis was 68 years and 49% were females): 122 (47%) had HGD/IC. UDD was noted in 59 (23%), of which 36 (61%) had HGD/IC (P < 0.003). On multivariate analysis, UDD was an independent predictor of HGD/IC (odds ratio = 2.99, P < 0.04). Subgroup analysis on patients with IPMNs confined to the dorsal portion of the gland (n = 161), also demonstrated UDD to be a significant predictor of HGD/IC in those remote lesions (odds ratio: 4.41, P = 0.039).

Conclusions:
This is the largest study to evaluate the significance of UDD in IPMNs and shows it to be a high-risk feature. This association persisted for remote IPMNs limited to the dorsal pancreas, suggesting UDD may be associated with an aggressive phenotype even in remote IPMN lesions.
A More Extensive Lymphadenectomy Enhances Survival After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sihag Smita , Nobel Tamar , Hsu Meier , Tan Kay See , Carr Rebecca , Janjigian Yelena Y. , Tang Laura H. , Wu Abraham J. , Bott Matthew J. , Isbell James M. , Bains Manjit S. , Jones David R. , Molena Daniela 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
We sought to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy that optimizes staging and survival in patients with locally advanced EAC treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy.

Summary of Background Data:
Several studies have found that a more extensive lymphadenectomy leads to better disease-specific survival in patients treated with surgery alone. Few studies, however, have investigated whether this association exists for patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Methods:
We examined our prospective database and identified patients with EAC treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy between 1995 and 2017. Overall survival (OS) and DFS were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods, and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent predictors of OS and DFS. The relationship between the total number of nodes removed and 5-year OS or DFS was plotted using restricted cubic spline functions.

Results:
In total, 778 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median number of excised nodes was 21 (interquartile range, 16–27). A lower number of excised lymph nodes was independently associated with worse OS and DFS (OS: hazard ratio, 0.98; confidence interval, 0.97–1.00; P = 0.013; DFS: hazard ratio, 0.99; confidence interval, 0.98–1.00; P = 0.028). Removing 25 to 30 lymph nodes was associated with a 10% risk of missing a positive lymph node. Both OS and DFS improved with up to 20 to 25 lymph nodes removed, regardless of treatment response.

Conclusions:
The optimal extent of lymphadenectomy to enhance both staging and survival after chemoradiotherapy, regardless of treatment response, is approximately 25 lymph nodes.
Intimate Partner Violence Among Surgeons: We are Not Immune
Authors: Stein Sharon L. , Bliggenstorfer Jonathan T. , Ofshteyn Asya , Henry Marion C. , Turner Patricia , Bass Barbara , Hollands Celeste , Steinhagen Emily , Crandall Marie 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
The incidence and risk factors for IPV are not well-studied among surgeons. We sought to fill this gap in knowledge by surveying surgeons to estimate the incidence and identify risk factors associated with IPV.

Summary of Background Data:
An estimated 36.4% of women and 33.6% of men in the United States have experienced IPV. Risk factors include low SES, non-White ethnicity, psychiatric disorders, alcohol and drug abuse, and history of childhood abuse. Families with higher SES are not exempt from IPV, yet there is very little data examining incidence and risk factors among these populations.

Methods:
An anonymous online survey targeting US-based surgeons was distributed through 4 major surgical societies. Demographics, history of abuse, and related factors were assessed. Chi-square analysis and multivariable logistic regression were utilized to evaluate for potential risk factors of IPV.

Results:
Eight hundred eighty-two practicing surgeons and trainees completed the survey, of whom 536 (61%) reported experiencing some form of behavior consistent with IPV. The majority of respondents were women (74.1%, P = 0.004). Emotional abuse was most common (57.3%), followed by controlling behavior (35.6%), physical abuse (13.1%), and sexual abuse (9.6%).
History of mental illness, [odds ratio (OR) 2.32, P < 0.001], alcohol use (frequent/daily OR 1.76, P = 0.035 and occasional OR 1.78, P = 0.015), childhood physical abuse (OR 1.96, P = 0.020), childhood emotional abuse (OR 1.76, P = 0.008), and female sex (OR 1.46, P = 0.022) were associated with IPV.

Conclusions:
As the first national study of IPV among surgeons, this analysis demonstrates surgeons experience IPV and share similar risk factors to the general population.
The effect of intracerebral structure volumes on idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Ozkal Birol , Ozen Ozkan 
Published: November 2020

Background
This aim of this study was to assess the effect of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in the development of intracranial hypertension by measuring patients’ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain, and segment volumes. IIH is a disease of unknown cause characterized by chronic CSF pressure elevation and papillary edema. Under the Monro–Kellie doctrine, efforts have been made to explain the disease through an increase in the volumes of one or two of brain, blood or CSF in the intracranial cavity, although these have not been completely successful.

Methods
Twelve IIH patients diagnosed based on the modified Dandy criteria and 15 age- and sex-compatible healthy controls were included in the study. Cases’ 3D T1 sequence images were evaluated using the voxel-based volumetric analysis system (volBrain). Intracranial cavity extraction, macrostructures, and subcortical structure volumes were measured and compared.

Results
No statistically significant differences were observed between control cases’ and IIH patients’ CSF, cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and subcortical structure volumes.

Conclusion
IIH arises from a chronic cause that does not impair the volumetric balance between structures inside the intracerebral cavity.
Elevated Skin pH Is Associated With an Increased Permeability to Synthetic Urine
Authors: Koudounas Sofoklis , Bader Dan L. , Voegeli David 
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE:
The aim of this study was to investigate the permeability of the skin following cleansing activities and its susceptibility to synthetic urine penetration.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
Ten healthy volunteers (aged 22-58 years) participated in the study, which was conducted in a university bioengineering laboratory.

METHODS:
Tape stripping and sodium lauryl sulfate were used to simulate the physical and chemical irritation exacerbated by frequent cleansing activities, respectively. An untreated site also was selected to evaluate responses of intact skin. Synthetic urine was then applied for a period of 2 hours. Measurements of transepidermal water loss and skin pH were taken at baseline and after each challenge. To quantify the permeability of the skin following exposure, desorption curves of transepidermal water loss were measured and skin surface water loss was calculated.

RESULTS:
Chemically irritated skin, characterized by increased pH (7.34 ± 0.22), demonstrated an increased permeability to urine, as reflected by a significant increase in mean skin surface water loss (46,209 ± 15,596 g/m2) compared to both the intact (14,631 ± 6164 g/m2) and physically irritated (14,545 ± 4051 g/m2) skin (P = .005 in both cases). In contrast, the differences between the intact and physically irritated skin were not significant (P = .88).

CONCLUSION:
Permeability of the skin to irritants is influenced by the status of the skin and its acid mantle. These highlight the need to reevaluate the frequency of cleansing activities, along with the choice of product in clinical settings, favoring the use of pH-balanced cleansers.
An Early Assessment of Curfew and Second COVID-19 Lock-down on Virus Propagation in France
Authors: Baunez Christelle , Degoulet Mickael , Luchini Stéphane , Pintus Patrick A. , Teschl Miriam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis note provides an early assessment of the reinforced measures to curb the COVID-19 pandemic in France, which include a curfew of selected areas and culminate in a second COVID-19-related lock-down that started on October 30, 2020 and is still ongoing. We analyse the change in virus propagation across age groups and across départements using an acceleration index introduced in Baunez et al. (2020). We find that while the pandemic is still in the acceleration regime, acceleration decreased notably with curfew measures and this more rapidly so for the more vulnerable population group, that is, for people older than 60. Acceleration continued to decline under lock-down, but more so for the active population under 60 than for those above 60. For the youngest population aged 0 to 19, curfew measures did not reduce acceleration but lock-down does. This suggests that if health policies aim at protecting the elderly population generally more at risk to suffer severe consequences from COVID-19, curfew measures may be effective enough. However, looking at the departmental map of France, we find that curfews have not necessarily been imposed in départements where acceleration was the largest.JEL Classification NumbersI18; H12
Lack of immune homology with vaccine preventable pathogens suggests childhood immunizations do not protect against SARS-CoV-2 through adaptive cross-immunity
Authors: Guo Weihua , Lee Kyle O. , Lee Peter P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract (Summary)Recent epidemiological studies have investigated the potential effects of childhood immunization history on COVID-19 severity. Specifically, prior exposure to Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine, oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), or measles vaccine have been postulated to reduce COVID-19 severity – putative mechanism is via stimulation of the innate immune system to provide broader protection against non-specific pathogens. While these epidemiological results remain inconclusive, we sought to investigate the potential role of adaptive immunity via cross-reactivity between vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) with SARS-CoV-2. We implemented a comprehensive exploration of immune homology (including sequence homology, immune epitopes, and glycosylation patterns) between SARS-CoV-2 and all pathogens with FDA-approved vaccines. Sequence homology did not reveal significant alignments of protein sequences between SARS-CoV-2 with any VPD pathogens, including BCG-related strains. We also could not identify any shared T or B cell epitopes between SARS-CoV-2 and VPD pathogens among either experimentally validated epitopes or predicted immune epitopes. For N-glycosylation (N-glyc), while sites with the same tripeptides could be found between SARS-CoV-2 and certain VPD pathogens, their glycosylation potentials and positions were different. In summary, lack of immune homology between SARS-CoV-2 and VPD pathogens suggests that childhood immunization history (i.e., BCG vaccination or others) does not provide protection from SARS-CoV-2 through adaptive cross-immunity.HighlightsComprehensive exploration of immune homology for SARS-CoV-2 with 34 vaccine preventable pathogens covering all FDA-approved vaccines.Little to no immune homology between SARS-CoV-2 and VPD pathogens: insignificant aligned protein sequences, unmapped immune epitopes, or matched N-glycosylation sites with different glycosylation potentials and positions.BCG vaccination is unlikely to confer SARS-CoV-2 protection through adaptive cross-immunity.Graphic summary
Plasma Markers of Disrupted Gut Permeability in Severe COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Giron Leila B. , Dweep Harsh , Yin Xiangfan , Wang Han , Damra Mohammad , Goldman Aaron R. , Gorman Nicole , Palmer Clovis S. , Tang Hsin-Yao , Shaikh Maliha W. , Forsyth Christopher B. , Balk Robert A. , Zilberstein Netanel F , Liu Qin , Kossenkov Andrew , Keshavarzian Ali , Landay Alan , Abdel-Mohsen Mohamed 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTA disruption of the crosstalk between the gut and the lung has been implicated as a driver of severity during respiratory-related diseases. Lung injury causes systemic inflammation, which disrupts gut barrier integrity, increasing the permeability to gut microbes and their products. This exacerbates inflammation, resulting in positive feedback. We aimed to test whether severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with markers of disrupted gut permeability. We applied a multi-omic systems biology approach to analyze plasma samples from COVID-19 patients with varying disease severity and SARS-CoV-2 negative controls. We investigated the potential links between plasma markers of gut barrier integrity, microbial translocation, systemic inflammation, metabolome, lipidome, and glycome, and COVID-19 severity. We found that severe COVID-19 is associated with high levels of markers of tight junction permeability and translocation of bacterial and fungal products into the blood. These markers of disrupted intestinal barrier integrity and microbial translocation correlate strongly with higher levels of markers of systemic inflammation and immune activation, lower levels of markers of intestinal function, disrupted plasma metabolome and glycome, and higher mortality rate. Our study highlights an underappreciated factor with significant clinical implications, disruption in gut functions, as a potential force that may contribute to COVID-19 severity.