bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of training and supervision on primary health care workers’ competence to deliver maternal depression inclusive health education in Ibadan, Nigeria: a quasi-experimental study.
Authors: Adefolarin Adeyinka Olufolake , Asiki Gershim , Arulogun Oyedunni S , Gureje Oye 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Health workers lacked the competence to address maternal depression in routine the health education in Nigeria. Hence, awareness among maternal-child health clients is low. We assessed the effect of training and/ supervision on knowledge, skills and self-efficacy of primary healthcare workers in delivering health talks and the clients’ knowledge on maternal depression. Methods A quasi-experimental study design was adopted. Five Local Government Area (LGAs) in the Ibadan metropolis were grouped according to geographical proximity and randomly assigned to experimental (Group A=two LGAs) and control (Group B= three LGAs) with 12 primary health centres in each group. All primary health care workers recruited in group A received a one-day training on maternal depression. Good Knowledge Gain (GKG), Good Skill Gain (GSG) and Self-Efficacy (SEG) based on bloom’s cut off were assessed in both groups. After 1 week, the knowledge of all the PHCs’ attendees in the two groups were assessed. A week after, a half of group A’s PHCs received supportive supervision and a clinic based health education skill assessment was conducted. The knowledge of clients and their health seeking were also assessed. Fisher’s exact test, independent t test and Poisson regression were used to analyze differences in percentages and mean/ factors associated with GKG, GSG and SE, using SPSS 25. Results Training improved gains in the experimental versus controls as follows: GKG (84.3% vs. 15.7%), GSG (90.7% vs 9.3%) and SEG (100% vs 0%). Training contributed to the good gain in knowledge (RR=6.03; 95%CI =2.44-16.46; p<0.01); skill (RR=1.88; CI=1.53-2.33; p<0.01).) and self-efficacy (RR=2.74; CI=2.07-2.73; p<0.01). Clients in the experimental group had higher knowledge gain score than in the control (7.10±2.4 versus -0.45±2.37); p<0.01). The rater supervisor observed better motivation in the supervised group than the not supervised. Forty clients sought help in the intervention group while none in the control group. Thirty-five clients sought help in the supervised group while only five did in the not supervised. Conclusions Training followed by supervision improved the competence of health workers to transfer knowledge to clients. This is recommended in the primary healthcare settings to improve uptake of maternal mental health services.
FDA-approved Pralatrexate identified by virtual drug screening inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro
Authors: Zhang Haiping , Yang Yang , Li Junxin , Wang Min , Saravanan Konda Mani , Wei Jinli , Ng Justin Tze-Yang , Hossain Md. Tofazzal , Liu Maoxuan , Zhang Huiling , Ren Xiaohu , Pan Yi , Peng Yin , Shi Yi , Wan Xiaochun , Liu Yingxia , Wei Yanjie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic poses serious threats to the global public health and leads to an unprecedented worldwide crisis. Unfortunately, no effective drugs or vaccines are available till now. Since the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 is a promising therapeutic target, a deep learning and molecular simulation based hybrid drug screening procedure was proposed and applied to identify potential drug candidates targeting RdRp from 1906 approved drugs. Among the four selected FDA-approved drug candidates, Pralatrexate and Azithromycin were confirmed to effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro with EC50 values of 0.008µM and 9.453 µM, respectively. For the first time, our study discovered that Pralatrexate is able to potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication with a stronger inhibitory activity than Remdesivir within the same experimental conditions. The paper demonstrates the feasibility of accurate virtual drug screening for inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 and provides potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19.
Alteration of Drp1 Expression in Drosophila Models of Parkinson Disease
Authors: Hasan Azra , Staveley Brian Ernest 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Parkinson Disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative diseases have a significant relationship with mitochondrial dysfunction. The substantial effect of mitochondrial dynamics in PD has led us to study the role of the gene encoding the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 in Drosophila models. Drp1 is a member of the highly conserved, dynamin family of protein encoding genes. Drp1 plays an essential role in the maintenance of the mitochondrial, peroxisomal, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dynamics, and has been found to regulate processes during homeostasis and cell survival.Results: The directed expression of Drp1 in Drosophila melanogaster neurons under the control of the Ddc-Gal4 transgene decreases the lifespan and compromises climbing ability over time. The directed inhibition of Drp1 produces a novel model of Parkinson Disease, as this causes little change in mean lifespan but a significant decrease in locomotor or climbing abilities. Interestingly, the loss of park dependent Drosophila model of PD is rescued by the directed inhibition of Drp1.Conclusion: The compromised climbing abilities in flies with directed inhibition of Drp1 has produced a new model for Parkinson Disease and can be used to further investigate the mechanism(s) underlying PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, the combined inhibition of both Drp1 and park suppresses Parkinson Disease phenotypes and promotes survival.
Dissecting the Roles of Kalirin-7/PSD-95/GluN2B Interactions in Different Forms of Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Yeh Mason L. , Yasko Jessica R , Levine Eric S. , Eipper Betty A. , Mains Richard 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Kalirin-7 (Kal7) is a multidomain scaffold and guanine nucleotide exchange factor localized to the postsynaptic density, where Kal7 is crucial for synaptic plasticity. Kal7 knockout mice exhibit marked suppression of long-term potentiation and long-term depression in hippocampus, cerebral cortex and spinal cord, with depressed surface expression of GluN2B receptor subunits and dramatically blunted perception of pain. Kal7 knockout animals show exaggerated locomotor responses to psychostimulants and self-administer cocaine more enthusiastically than wildtype mice. Results: To address the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms which are deranged by loss of Kal7, we infused candidate intracellular interfering peptides to acutely challenge the synaptic function(s) of Kal7 with potential protein binding partners, to determine if plasticity deficits in Kal7-/- mice are the product of developmental processes since conception, or could be produced on a much shorter time scale. We demonstrated that these small intracellular peptides disrupted normal long-term potentiation and long-term depression, strongly suggesting that maintenance of established interactions of Kal7 with PSD-95 and/or GluN2B is crucial to synaptic plasticity. Conclusions: Blockade of the Kal7-GluN2B interaction was most effective at blocking long-term potentiation, but had no effect on long-term depression. Biochemical approaches indicated that Kal7 interacted with PSD-95 at multiple sites within Kal7.
The impact of cognitive dysfunction on mid- and long-term mortality after vascular surgery
Authors: Szabo Andras , Czobor Nikoletta , Nagy Adam , Toth Krisztina , Eke Csaba , Domokos Dominika , Sandor Agnes , Merkely Bela , Gal Janos , Szekely Andrea 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In the last decades prior studies noted the importance of frailty which is a frequently used term in perioperative risk evaluation. We investigated frailty syndrome as the psychological and socioeconomic elements of the human being. The aim of this study was assessing the importance of these factors for mortality after vascular surgery.Methods: In our prospective, observational study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02224222) we examined 164 patients who underwent an elective vascular surgery between 2014 and 2017. At the point of admission they filled out a questionnaire, in this way the patients’ cognitive functions, depression and anxiety, social support and self-reported life quality were mapped. We used Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier method for relative risk calculation and survival analyses. Propensity score matching was performed to analyze the difference between patient and control, nation-wide population cohort. Effects of psychosocial factors on long term mortality were defined as primary outcome. Results: The patients mean age were 67.05 years (SD: 9.49 years). One out of four patients had some kind of cognitive impairment measured by Mini Mental State Examination with modified, more sensitive cut-off values. In univariate Cox regression higher MMSE score was associated decreased risk for all-cause mortality (OR: 0.883, 95% CI: 0.802-0.973, p=0.012). After clusters were created according to MMSE score relative risks were calculated. Even mild cognitive dysfunction could increase risk for long term mortality (AHR: 1.634, 95% CI: 1.118-2.368, p=0.009).Conclusion: Even mild cognitive dysfunction measured by the MMSE preoperatively could be an important risk factor for mortality after vascular surgery.
How bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus, Coleoptera, Bruchinae) larvae die on legume seeds
Authors: Szentesi Árpád 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The host specificity of the dry bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchinae), a seed predator of beans, is not properly known. Occasional use of leguminous seeds other than beans is reported, however the sphere of possible wild and cultivated hosts is uncertain. Female oviposition preference and larval performance relationship is complicated by the respective importance of seed coat and cotyledon, because paradoxically, females must exercise oviposition preference on the basis of stimuli provided by the seed coat alone, without directly being able to assess the quality of cotyledon’s suitability for larval development.Results Host specificity and host range investigations carried out on seeds of 62 grown and naturally occurring legume species and 82 cultivars of Phaseolus, Pisum, Glycine, Lens and others in Hungary, using no-choice tests for egg-laying, and intact or pierced seed coat for larval development in seeds, showed that there were 18 plant species (35% of them Lathyrus) that supported larval development to adults, however, only nine species (4 of 17 Glycine max accessions, Vigna unguiculata, V. angularis, Phaseolus vulgaris, Ph. coccineus, Cicer arietinum, Vicia faba, Lathyrus sativus and 13 of 27 Pisum sativum accessions) allowed it if the seed coat was intact. Furthermore, there was no overall positive correlation between oviposition preference and larval performance, with the exception for the so-called acceptable non-hosts (Kendall’s τ = 0.3088). Bean weevil females also demonstrated an ovipositional hierarchy of legume species even in no-choice tests.Conclusions Host range expansion is not probable with the bean weevil, primarily because it would require the recognition of basically different oviposition substrates (pods) among outdoor conditions.
Population, Morphology and Ultrastructures Gonads Adaptation Changed Between Unsuitable and Original Breeding Habitats in Oncomelania hupensis
Authors: Miao Feng , Wu Zhongdao , Zeng Xin , Wu Jinlang , Liu Xin , Zhang Chongxing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Weishan Lake and its surrounding areas represent an important water conduit and storage reservoirs for the Eastern Route due to the South to North Water Diversion Project. It was listed as a potential endemic area for schistosomiasis by the Ministry of Health Schistosomiasis Advisory Committee. Oncomelania hupensis is the unique intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum in China. To determine whether Oncomelania hupensis could establish colonies in Weishan Lake once introduced from original habitat, in May 2004, 2000 adult Oncomelania hupensis were transplanted from the original habitat to isolated snail cages in Weishan Lake. Results: From October 2005 to October 2016, Oncomelania hupensis were bred in isolated snail cages in Weishan Lake, and samples of the original habitats were collected. The population was monitored, and the morphology of Oncomelania hupensis was measured. Gonads were sectioned and observed under transmission electron microscopy. Oncomelania hupensis could still continually reproduce its population 12 years after transplantation to Weishan Lake. Comparing the morphology with that of animals from the original habitat, it was found that the snail shell length, shell width and aperture width decreased in 2005, and significant changes were observed in the ultrastructure of sperms (axoneme and the 9+2 the axoneme coarse fibers were absent, and chromatin density decreased in the head of the sperm cells) and oocytes (nucleus swelling, endoplasmic reticulum, pale vesicles and lipidosomes decreased and chromatin was absent) of snails breeding in Weishan Lake.Conclusions: Although abnormal development of the ultrastructure of Oncomelania hupensis reproductive gonad was observed, they still survived for 12 years, which might reflect a survival strategy in which the snail trades a degree of fecundity to survive though harsh winters.
HIV Testing among Homeless Adults: Prioritizing the Need for Routine Care
Authors: Pichon Latrice C , Rossi Kristen Rae , Chapple-McGruder Theresa D , Krull Lisa Jane , Kmet Jennifer , Nellum April L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background. The Memphis metropolitan statistical area (MSA) represents a Deep Southern U.S. city disproportionally affected by the ongoing transmission of new HIV cases as well as those diagnosed in late-stage disease. This region is a subset of 9 states, including Memphis, Tennessee (project site), driving the epidemic in the United States. Memphis ranks 3rd among all U.S. MSAs for new HIV infections and has been identified in the CDC’s Ending the HIV Epidemic Initiative as a high HIV burden geographic focus area. The Memphis Ryan White Part A Program conducted a pilot project among adults seeking services in Memphis emergency and transitional housing shelters to offer on-site, rapid HIV testing. This paper aims to describe the results from this aforementioned pilot study, including the rate of HIV test acceptance and potential factors associated with a history of HIV testing. Methods. Community-engaged research approaches were employed via a partnership between the local health department, a federally qualified faith-based health center, and an academic university. An interviewer-administered survey to measure potential factors associated with HIV testing history and voluntary HIV testing services were offered to adults living in transitional housing establishments. Bivariate chi-square analyses were performed to determine the association between predisposing, enabling, and need variables with HIV testing history in the past 12 months. Results. Survey respondents (n=109) were mostly cisgender male (n=96; 88.1%), African American or Black (n=79; 72.5%) and reported engaging in condomless sex (n=55; 50.5%). Acceptability and uptake of HIV testing was high (n=97; 89.0%). Conclusions. Implementing rapid HIV testing programs outside of traditional healthcare settings offers a strategy to engage high-risk individuals and those unaware of their HIV status. To our knowledge, this study represents the first that documents HIV testing acceptance rates offered outside of traditional healthcare settings for homeless and transitionally housed adults in a Deep Southern state.
CT 3-Dimentional Airway Reconstruction-guided Intraluminal Placement of Endobronchial Blocker in Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Xu Yingyi , Zhang Na , Tan Yonghong , Zeng Minting , Hou Jianning , Liu Wei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The one-lung ventilation (OLV) with endobronchial blocking is commonly used in anesthesia for pediatric thoracic surgery. Bronchoscopy is commonly used to guide the endobronchial blocker placement. However, when bronchoscopy is not applicable, the proper placement of endobronchial blocker is challenging. The computed tomography (CT) 3-dimentional reconstruction may be used to accurately measure the airway of pediatric patients. The present study was aimed to propose a new approach of CT 3-dimentional airway reconstruction-guided endobronchial blocker placement in pediatric patients and to determine its efficiency in clinical application.Methods: A total of 127 pediatric patients of 0.5-3 years old who would undergo elective thoracic surgery under OLV were randomized into the bronchoscopy group and the CT group. The degree of lung collapse, postoperative airway mucosal injury, pulmonary infection within 72 h after surgery, trachyphonia after tracheal extubation, durations of postoperative mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and hospitalization, the successful rate of the first blocker positioning, and the required time and repositionings for successful blocker placement were compared between the two groups.Results: The degree of lung collapse, postoperative airway mucosal injury, pulmonary infection within 72 h after surgery, trachyphonia after tracheal extubation, durations of postoperative mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, and hospitalization were similar between the two groups (all P > 0.05).Conclusions: For pediatric patients who would undergo surgery with OLV, preoperative CT 3-dimentional airway reconstruction could be used to guide endobronchial blocker placement, with a blocking efficiency similar to that of bronchoscopy-guided blocker placement.The trial was registered prior to patient enrollment at China Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=4344, Principal investigator: Yingyi Xu, Registration number: ChiCTR-TRC-14005232, Date of registration: 12 August 2014).
The relationship between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) with quality of life and inflammatory markers among overweight and obese Iranian women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ghodoosi Nasim , Arghavani Hana , Mirzababaei Atieh , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Keshavarz Seyed Ali , Imani Hossein , Shiraseb Farideh , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate associations between Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (EDII) with quality of life and serum inflammatory markers.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 36.30±8.05 years. Analyses were performed using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for age, weight, physical activity, smoking status, economic status, and employment status. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that E-DII were significantly associated with certain the quality of life criteria, such as physical function, mental health, and vitality (β = 5.58, 95% CI 0.72, 10.43, p = 0.024, β = 16.88, 95% CI 10.75, 23, p < 0.0001 and β = 14.29, 95% CI 9.48, 20.36, p < 0.0001, respectively). No significant associations were observed between EDII and serum level hs-CRP. It was found that dietary inflammatory potential decreased some quality of life measurements and levels in overweight and obese Iranian women.
Association between iron deficiency and provoked febrile seizure in a middle income country: A case control study in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Ehsanipour Fahimeh , Noorbakhsh Samileh , Tavasooli Azita , Tahernia Leila 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: Febrile convulsion (FC) is the most common form of seizures disorder (3-4%) in childhood with good prognosis. Some evidences indicate that iron deficiency (ID) might play a role in initiation of FC. The aim of this case‐control study was to evaluate, the role for ID in pathogenesis of FC (febrile convulsion). We studied 35 FC children and 35 controls (febrile diseases without convulsion) Results The mean age of cases were 2.191 ± 0946 vs 1.93 ± 1.433 years in controls .Mean Hemoglobin level (11.6 ± 079 vs 11.86± 071; p value= 0.2); MCV (75.8 ± 4.3 vs 77.62± 4.1,p value= 0.08) ;serum ferritin levels (54.57 ± 24 vs 58.31± 23, p value= 0.64) had not significant difference between 2 groups. The ferritin level 36ng/ml; had 74.3% sensitivity, 20% specifity, 56% PPV, 52% NPV, Positive likelihood Ratio: 1.3; Negative likelihood Ratio: 0.93 to discriminate 2 groups. In our opinion, ID could not lead to FC in all children, but in some cases with genetic basis; ID raises the threshold for seizures. Due to high prevalence of ID (26%) especially in your Iranian population, adding the Iron to diet might be helpful in decreasing FC in susceptible cases.
Gaps and opportunities for cervical cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care: evidence from midterm review of the Zimbabwe Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control strategy (2016-2020).
Authors: Tapera Oscar , Nyakabau Anna M , Simango Ndabaningi , Guzha Bothwell T , Jombo-Nyakuwa Shamiso , Takawira Eunice , Mapanga Angeline , Makosa Davidzoyashe , Madzima Bernard 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer amongst women globally and it accounts for many cancer deaths among females in Zimbabwe. The objective of this midterm review was to measure the progress of cervical cancer prevention and control interventions in Zimbabwe. Methods A mixed methods approach was used for the midterm review. Secondary data was collected from programme documents, published and grey literature. Primary data was collected in six provinces, including Harare Metropolitan. Key informant interviews were conducted with officials from relevant departments in the Ministry of Health and Child Care (MoHCC) and partners working in cervical cancer spaces. Two focus group discussions with beneficiaries were facilitated in Manicaland and Matabeleland South Provinces. After data analysis, a draft report was presented to a technical working group to validate the findings and to fill in any gaps. Results The cervical cancer strategy led to the raising of awareness especially around cervical cancer screening and this created demand for services. Coverage of HPV vaccination achieved by 2019 was 86% against a target of 80%. Every district in Zimbabwe had a screening site with a total of 106 clinics across the whole country. Almost two thirds (66%) of women with precancerous lesions received treatment in 2018 against a target of 80%. Tertiary hospitals are offering surgery to eligible women with cervical cancer and there are ongoing efforts towards establishing two centres of excellence in the country. There are opportunities for collaborative, coordinated comprehensive cervical cancer care and research at institutions (public and academic) that can be strengthened and better coordinated by MoHCC. Successes scored in fundraising for ZCCPCS strategy thematic areas including awareness, cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination set the pace for comprehensive inclusion of diagnosis, treatment and palliative care. Conclusions This midterm review revealed a myriad of gaps of the strategy particularly in diagnosis, treatment and care of cervical cancer and the primary focus was on secondary prevention. Lessons learnt reveals that development and implementation of the next strategy will require increased stakeholder collaboration between government, private sector, academia and non-governmental organizations for more sustainable cervical cancer interventions.