bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional classification discordance in intermediate coronary stenoses between fractional flow reserve and angiography-based quantitative flow ratio
Authors: Kanno Yoshinori , Hoshino Masahiro , Hamaya Rikuta , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Usui Eisuke , Yamaguchi Masao , Hada Masahiro , Ohya Hiroaki , Sumino Yohei , Hirano Hidenori , Yuki Haruhito , Horie Tomoki , Murai Tadashi , Lee Tetsumin , Yonetsu Taishi , Kakuta Tsunekazu 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundMeasurement of the contrast-flow quantitative flow ratio (cQFR) is a novel method for rapid computational estimation of fractional flow reserve (FFR). Discordance between FFR and cQFR has not been completely characterised.MethodsWe performed a post-hoc analysis of 504 vessels with angiographically intermediate stenosis in 504 patients who underwent measurement of FFR, coronary flow reserve (CFR), the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) and Duke jeopardy score.ResultsIn total, 396 (78.6%) and 108 (21.4%) lesions showed concordant and discordant FFR and cQFR functional classifications, respectively. Among lesions with a reduced FFR (FFR+), those with a preserved cQFR (cQFR−) showed significantly lower IMR, shorter mean transit time (Tmn), shorter lesion length (all, p<0.01) and similar CFR and Duke jeopardy scores compared with lesions showing a reduced cQFR (cQFR+). Furthermore, lesions with FFR+ and cQFR− had significantly lower IMR and shorter Tmn compared with lesions showing a preserved FFR (FFR−) and cQFR+. Of note, in cQFR+ lesions, higher IMR lesions were associated with decreased diagnostic accuracy (high-IMR; 63.0% and low-IMR; 75.8%, p<0.01). In contrast, in cQFR− lesions, lower IMR lesions was associated with decreased diagnostic accuracy (high-IMR group; 96.8% and low-IMR group; 80.0%, p<0.01). Notably, in total, 31 territories (6.2%; ‘jump out’ group) had an FFR above the upper limit of the grey zone (>0.80) and a cQFR below the lower limit (≤0.75). In contrast, five territories (1.0%; ‘jump in’ group) exhibited opposite results (FFR of ≤0.75 and cQFR of >0.80). The ‘jump out’ territories showed significantly higher IMR values than ‘jump in’ territories (p<0.01).ConclusionsFFR− with cQFR+ is associated with increased microvascular resistance, and FFR+ with cQFR− showed preservation of microvascular function with high coronary flow. Microvascular function affected diagnostic performance of cQFR in relation to functional stenosis significance.
Performing percutaneous coronary interventions with predilatation using non-compliant balloons at high-pressure versus conventional semi-compliant balloons: insights from two randomised studies using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Cuculi Florim , Bossard Matthias , Zasada Wojciech , Moccetti Federico , Voskuil Michiel , Wolfrum Mathias , Malinowski Krzysztof Piotr , Toggweiler Stefan , Kobza Richard 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionStent underexpansion is a predictor of in-stent-restenosis and stent thrombosis. Semi-compliant balloons (SCBs) are generally used for lesion preparation. It remains unknown whether routine predilatation using non-compliant balloons (NCBs) improves stent expansion in ordinary coronary lesions.MethodsThe PREdilatation by high-pressure NC balloon catheter for better vessel preparation and Optimal lesion preparation with non-compliant balloons for the implantation of bioresorbable vascular scaffolds studies randomised patients presenting with stable coronary artery disease or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction requiring stent implantation to lesion preparation using NCBs versus SCBs. Stent expansion index (SEI-minimal luminal area/mean luminal area on optical coherence tomography) and periprocedural complications were compared.ResultsWe enrolled 104 patients: 53 patients (54 lesions) vs 51 patients (56 lesions) to the NCB and SCB groups, respectively. Predilatation pressure was higher in the NCB group (24±7 atmospheres (atm) vs 14±3 atm, p<0.0001). Postdilatation using NCBs was performed in 41 (76%) lesions vs 46 (82%) lesions pretreated with NCBs versus SCBs (p=0.57). Similar pressures were used for postdilatation with NCB in both groups (23±8 atm vs 23±9 atm, p=0.65). SEI after stent implantation was 0.88±0.13 in the NCB vs 0.85±0.14 in the SCB group (p=0.18). After postdilatation, SEI increased to 0.94±0.13 in the NCB group vs 0.88±0.13 in the SCB group (p=0.02). No relevant complications occurred.ConclusionsIn simple coronary lesions, predilatation/postdilatation with NCBs at high pressures appears to result in better scaffold and stent expansion. Using SCBs only for predilatation might lead to inadequate stent expansion and postdilatation with NCBs might only partially correct this. Predilatation and postdilatation using NCBs at high pressure is safe.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov no.NCT03518645.
Cardiac sympathetic nerve transdifferentiation reduces action potential heterogeneity after myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Lianguo , Olivas Antoinette , Francis Stuart Samantha D. , Tapa Srinivas , Blake Matthew R. , Woodward William R. , Habecker Beth A. , Ripplinger Crystal M. 
Published: January 2020

Cardiac sympathetic nerves undergo cholinergic transdifferentiation following reperfused myocardial infarction (MI), whereby the sympathetic nerves release both norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh). The functional electrophysiological consequences of post-MI transdifferentiation have never been explored. We performed MI or sham surgery in wild-type (WT) mice and mice in which choline acetyltransferase was deleted from adult noradrenergic neurons [knockout (KO)]. Electrophysiological activity was assessed with optical mapping of action potentials (AP) and intracellular Ca2+ transients (CaT) in innervated Langendorff-perfused hearts. KO MI hearts had similar NE content but reduced ACh content compared with WT MI hearts (0.360 ± 0.074 vs. 0.493 ± 0.087 pmol/mg; KO, n = 6; WT, n = 4; P < 0.05). KO MI hearts also had higher basal ex vivo heart rates versus WT MI hearts (328.5 ± 35.3 vs. 247.4 ± 62.4 beats/min; KO, n = 8; WT, n = 6; P < 0.05). AP duration at 80% repolarization was significantly shorter in the remote and border zones of KO MI versus WT MI hearts, whereas AP durations (APDs) were similar in infarct regions. This APD heterogeneity resulted in increased APD dispersion in the KO MI versus WT MI hearts (11.9 ± 2.7 vs. 8.2 ± 2.3 ms; KO, n = 8; WT, n = 6; P < 0.05), which was eliminated with atropine. CaT duration at 80% and CaT alternans magnitude were similar between groups both with and without sympathetic nerve stimulation. These results indicate that cholinergic transdifferentiation following MI prolongs APD in the remote and border zone and reduces APD heterogeneity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cardiac sympathetic neurons undergo cholinergic transdifferentiation following myocardial infarction; however, the electrophysiological effects of corelease of norepinephrine and acetylcholine (ACh) have never been assessed. Using a mouse model in which choline acetyltransferase was deleted from adult noradrenergic neurons and optical mapping of innervated hearts, we found that corelease of ACh reduces dispersion of action potential duration, which may be antiarrhythmic.
Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab in Previously Treated Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors: Results From the Phase II KEYNOTE-158 Study
Authors: Strosberg Jonathan , Mizuno Nobumasa , Doi Toshihiko , Grande Enrique , Delord Jean-Pierre , Shapira-Frommer Ronnie , Bergsland Emily , Shah Manisha , Fakih Marwan , Takahashi Shunji , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , O'Neil Bert , Thomas Sajeve , Lolkema Martijn P. , Chen Menghui , Ibrahim Nageatte , Norwood Kevin , Hadoux Julien 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
KEYNOTE-158 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02628067) investigated the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab across multiple cancers. We present results from patients with previously treated advanced well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET).

Patients and Methods:
Pembrolizumab 200 mg was administered every 3 weeks for 2 years or until progression, intolerable toxicity, or physician/patient decision. Tumor imaging was performed every 9 weeks for the first year and then every 12 weeks. Endpoints included objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST v1.1 by independent central radiologic review (primary) and duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety (secondary).

Results:
A total of 107 patients with NETs of the lung, appendix, small intestine, colon, rectum, or pancreas were treated. Median age was 59.0 years (range, 29–80), 44.9% had ECOG performance status 1, 40.2% had received ≥3 prior therapies for advanced disease, and 15.9% had PD-L1–positive tumors (combined positive score ≥1). Median follow-up was 24.2 months (range, 0.6–33.4). ORR was 3.7% (95% CI, 1.0–9.3), with zero complete responses and four partial responses (three pancreatic and one rectal) all in patients with PD-L1–negative tumors. Median DOR was not reached, with one of four responses ongoing after ≥21 months follow-up. Median PFS was 4.1 months (95% CI, 3.5–5.4); the 6-month PFS rate was 39.3%. Median OS was 24.2 months (95% CI, 15.8–32.5). Treatment-related adverse events (AE) occurred in 75.7% of patients, 21.5% of whom had grade 3–5 AEs.

Conclusions:
Pembrolizumab monotherapy showed limited antitumor activity and manageable safety in patients with previously treated advanced well-differentiated NETs.
Trends in Usage and Clinical Outcomes of Coronary Atherectomy
Authors: Beohar Nirat , Kaltenbach Lisa A. , Wojdyla Daniel , Pineda Andrés M. , Rao Sunil V. , Stone Gregg W. , Leon Martin B. , Sanghvi Kintur A. , Moses Jeffrey W. , Kirtane Ajay J. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Adjunctive coronary atherectomy (CA) can be utilized in treating severely calcified coronary lesions; however, the temporal trends, patient selection, and variation in use of CA have not been well described. We sought to assess the trends in usage, interhospital variability, and outcomes with CA among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods:
All patients undergoing PCI in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry from July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2016 (N=3 864 377) were analyzed based on utilization of either rotational or orbital CA. Intervals using date of index CA grouped into 2009 Q3 to 2010, 2011 to 2012, 2013 to 2014, and 2015 to 2016 and hospital-level quartiles based on annual CA volumes were evaluated. The primary outcome measure was in-hospital major adverse cardiac events defined as a composite of all-cause mortality, periprocedural myocardial infarction, or stroke. Independent variables associated with outcomes were determined.

Results:

CA represented 1.7% (n=65 033) of the total PCI volume. Among hospitals performing PCI (n=1672), 577 (34.5%) did not perform any CA. Patients treated with CA were elderly, more often male, and had a history of diabetes, prior myocardial infarction, PCI, and coronary artery bypass grafting. The utilization of CA increased from 1.1% in Q3 2009 to 3.0% in Q4 of 2016 (5% quarterly increase in odds of CA; OR [95% CI], 1.05 [1.04–1.06],
P
<0.001). Among patients undergoing CA, there was a temporal decline in major adverse cardiac events (0.98 [0.97–0.99],
P
<0.001) and myocardial infarction (0.97 [0.96–0.98],
P
<0.001). In adjusted analyses, increasing hospital CA volume was associated with lower mortality (0.85 [0.76–0.96],
P
=0.01) and lower rates of PCI failure or complication requiring coronary artery bypass grafting (0.67 [0.56–0.79],
P
<0.001) but was associated with small increase in coronary perforation (1.18 [1.04–1.35],
P
<0.01).

Conclusions:
Although CA is performed infrequently, its use has increased over time. After accounting for potential confounders, higher CA volume was associated with lower risk of major adverse events counterbalanced by small risk of coronary perforation.
Mildly Abnormal Lipid Levels, but Not High Lipid Variability, Are Associated With Increased Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in “Statin-Naive” Young Population A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Park Jun-Bean , Kim Da Hye , Lee Heesun , Hwang In-Chang , Yoon Yeonyee E. , Park Hyo Eun , Choi Su-Yeon , Kim Yong-Jin , Cho Goo-Yeong , Han Kyungdo , Kim Hyung-Kwan 
Published: January 2020

Rationale:
In young adults, the role of mildly abnormal lipid levels and lipid variability in the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases remains uncertain.

Objective:
To investigate the association of these abnormalities in lipid profiles with the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in young population.

Methods and Results:
From the Korean National Health Insurance Service, a nationwide population-based cohort of 1 934 324 statin-naive adults aged 20 to 39 years, with ≥3 lipid profile measurements and without a history of MI and stroke, were followed-up until the date of MI or stroke, or December 31, 2017. The primary measure of lipid variability was variability independent of the mean. Higher baseline total cholesterol, LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol), and triglycerides and lower HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) levels were significantly associated with increased MI risk; respective adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs comparing the highest versus lowest quartiles were 1.35 (1.20–1.53) for total cholesterol, 1.41 (1.25–1.60) for LDL-C, 1.28 (1.11–1.47) for triglycerides, and 0.82 (0.72–0.94) for HDL-C. Adjusted analyses for deciles of lipid profiles showed that MI risk was significantly elevated among participants with total cholesterol ≥223.4 mg/dL, LDL-C ≥139.5 mg/dL, HDL-C ≤41.8 mg/dL, and triglycerides ≥200.1 mg/dL. The associations between lipid levels and stroke risk were less prominent. Multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated that the increase in MI risk was not exclusively driven by extreme values of lipid profiles. Similar results were obtained on sensitivity analyses of baseline lipid levels. However, associations between lipid variability and the risk of MI and stroke varied depending on the measure of lipid variability used.

Conclusions:
Mildly abnormal baseline lipid levels were associated with an increased future risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events, particularly MI, whereas measures of lipid variability were not. Therefore, in young adults, achieving optimal lipid levels could be valuable in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Monetary Neutrality with Sticky Prices and Free Entry
Authors: Bilbiie Florin O. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Monetary policy is neutral even with fixed prices if free entry determines product variety optimally, as in Dixit and Stiglitz (1977). Entry substitutes for price flexibility in the welfare-based price index when individual prices are sticky. In response to aggregate demand expansions, the intensive (quantity produced of each good) and ex tensive (number of goods being produced) margins move in offsetting ways, leaving aggregate production unchanged. Price stickiness thus generates deviations from monetary neutrality only in conjunction with entry frictions: when variety is not optimally determined (preferences are not Dixit-Stiglitz) or when entry is subject to sunk costs and lags. Wage stickiness instead implies nonneutrality even in the frictionless-entry benchmark.
Relationship Lending and the Great Depression
Authors: Cohen Jon , Hachem Kinda , Richardson Gary 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The collapse of long-term lending relationships amplified the Great Depression. We demonstrate this by developing a new measure of lending relationships that can be calculated from widely available data at any level of aggregation. Our approach exploits differences in the responsiveness of loan rates to bank funding costs and is supported by historical evidence and theoretical arguments. The new measure reveals that the marginal impact of bank suspensions on economic activity was higher in more relationship-intensive areas, providing the first formal evidence that relationship lending propagated the real effects of banking sector distress in the early 1930s.
Of Mice and Merchants: Connectedness and the Location of Economic Activity in the Iron Age
Authors: Bakker Jan David , Maurer Stephan , Pischke Jörn-Steffen , Rauch Ferdinand 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We study the causal relationship between geographic connectedness and development using one of the earliest massive trade expansions: the first systematic crossing of open seas in the Mediterranean during the time of the Phoenicians. We construct a geography-based measure of connectedness along the shores of the sea. We relate connectedness to economic activity, which we measure using the presence of archaeological sites. We find an association between better-connected locations and archaeological sites during the Iron Age, at a time when sailors began to cross open water routinely on a large scale. We corroborate these findings at the world level.
Environmental Regulations and the Cleanup of Manufacturing: Plant-Level Evidence
Authors: Najjar Nouri , Cherniwchan Jevan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
For much of the industrialized world, pollution from manufacturing has been falling despite increased output. We examine how air quality standards---a common environmental regulation---have contributed to this cleanup of manufacturing. We develop a general equilibrium model to show how air quality standards can lead to a cleanup by causing reductions in plant emission intensity, relative changes in plant output, and plant entry and exit. We provide quasi-experimental evidence from Canada to highlight the magnitude of these responses. Our results suggest that air quality standards explain just under 40% of the cleanup of manufacturing.
How a Sheep Turned into a Giraffe: The Case of Deuteronomy 14:5
Authors: Miziur-Moździoch Maja 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The scope of this article is to present an explanation for the enigmatic translation of zemer into kamelopardalis in Deuteronomy 14:5. A possible reason for this translation is the Hieroglyphic and Demotic zoonym sr, which in the Ptolemaic period was applied to both sheep and giraffes.
Melting Pots and Rejoinders? The Interplay among Literature Formation Processes during the Late Persian and Early Hellenistic Periods
Authors: Jonker Louis C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Traditionally, the book of Chronicles had been studied in relationship to the deuteronomic-deuteronomistic traditions on which it is mainly based. However, in recent years Chronicles and Pentateuch studies have also started moving closer to one another. It is realised now that the finalisation of the Pentateuch in the post-exilic period and the formation of new literature (such as Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah) happened in temporal proximity to one another. It is therefore worthwhile to investigate the relationship between these late stages of literature formation of the Hebrew Bible to come to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of ideological discourses during the late Persian and early Hellenistic periods. The present contribution widens the scope further to include the prophetic literature of Ezekiel 40-48 (particularly 44) in the investigation.
Intraspecific variation in tree lizard escape behaviour in relation to habitat and temperature
Authors: Morris Cynthia L. , Lattanzio Matthew S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Optimal escape theory has proven useful for understanding the dynamics of antipredator behaviour in animals; however, approaches are often limited to single-population studies. We studied how the escape behaviour of tree lizards (Urosaurus ornatus) varied across a disturbance gradient. We also considered how sex, body temperature, and perch temperature affected their escape decisions. Both sexes exhibited similar response patterns; however, lizards in the most-disturbed habitat, as well as cooler (body or perch temperature) lizards, initiated escape earlier (but did not flee further) than other animals. Increased wariness as indicated by earlier escape suggests that frequently-disturbed, more-open localities may be stressful habitats for species like U. ornatus. In addition, because cooler temperatures limit locomotor performance capacity, escape decisions should also depend on a species’ thermal ecology. Overall, we stress the importance of multi-population approaches for capturing the variety of ways species adaptively respond to the threat of predation across habitat gradients.
Tradition, Esotericism, Secrecy and Hiddenness in the Gospel Studies of P.D. Ouspensky and Maurice Nicoll
Authors: Willmett John 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article examines the views of Gurdjieff’s disciples P.D. Ouspensky and Maurice Nicoll on the esoteric nature of the Gospels. Utilising one of Wouter Hanegraaff’s definitions of esotericism as religious activity concerned predominantly with salvific knowledge of the ‘inner mysteries of religion’ reserved for a selected elite, Ouspensky’s and Nicoll’s view of the Gospels as the rendering in metaphorical form of esoteric knowledge as the formulation of the esoteric psychology of the path of inner evolution is discussed. Sources for this discussion are Ouspensky’s A New Model of the Universe (1931), and Nicoll’s The New Man (1950) and The Mark (1954). It is suggested that the Gospels render esoteric knowledge and its linguistic expression secret and hidden. Nicoll’s idea of the necessity for this secrecy and hiddenness in dealing with the esoteric, that esoteric knowledge given to those unprepared for it is dangerous, both because it will be spoiled, its truth and beauty destroyed, and because it will turn into what Nicoll calls “world poison”, is illustrated in a discussion of the thesis presented in Jacob Needleman’s A Sense of the Cosmos (1975), that the rise of modern science represents an abuse of esoteric knowledge. The article concludes by presenting ideas from Needleman, Ouspensky and Nicoll of what needs to be done in the face of this current widespread abuse of esoteric knowledge.
“Where There Is Power, Women Are Not”: Rethinking Women and Politics in Tanzania
Authors: Makulilo Alexander 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The exclusion of women from politics is a historical and worldwide phenomenon. Evidently, the existing records within decision-making organs reveal significant under-representation of women. However, this state of affairs is neither natural nor unchanging. It must be noted that women suffer this political exclusion irrespective of the fact that they are demographically the majority in terms of population worldwide and in most individual countries. Tanzania is not distinct from this worldwide trend. Despite the fact that it is a signatory to several normative frameworks that seek for the inclusion of women in major decision-making organs, the actual situation is still critical. Using the public-private dichotomy, I note that the legal framework, nature of political parties, electoral system and economic position of women are central in explaining the exclusion of women from major decision organs.
Stabilization at the Expense of Peacebuilding in UN Peacekeeping Operations
Authors: Curran David , Hunt Charles T. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The “uploading” of stabilization to UN peacekeeping presents conceptual, political, and practical challenges to the UN’s role in global governance and international conflict management. While scholarly research on stabilization has generally focused on militarization, its relationship to peacebuilding in the context of UN peacekeeping is underexplored. This article examines that relationship. A survey of UN policy frameworks highlights the simultaneous emergence of stabilization and clear expressions of peacebuilding. The article then draws on fieldwork in Mali and the Democratic Republic of Congo to illustrate how stabilization is displacing peacebuilding in the practices of UN peacekeeping. The article argues that the politics of stabilization impede local forms of peacebuilding, at odds with the “Sustaining Peace” agenda, and risks jeopardizing the lauded conflict resolution potential of UN peacekeeping.