bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnomedicine, phytochemical, and toxicity activity of several alleged medicinal plants from Sebangau National Park, Central Borneo
Authors: Pasaribu G , Waluyo TK 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Indonesia is a country endowed with its abundant biodiversity; and therefore potential in providing future drugs derived from renewable natural materials (e.g. plants). Relevantly, this study aimed to identify and analyze the ethnomedicine, phytochemical, toxicity, and active compounds of several alleged medicinal plant species from Borneo. Results showed local people used those plants to cure various diseases or other human physiological disorders, such as antidote, varices, liver medicine, tonsil medicine, stomachache, diarrhea, sprue medicine, itching, ulcers antihypertension and malaria. Those plants as examined generally contained tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. Some of them contained alkaloids. Toxicity tests, as represented by LC50 values, exhibited their range from 126.70 to 883.34 ppm. Further, various chemical compounds such as trans-caryophyllene and veridiflorol effectively inflicted a significant effect as antimicrobial, antifungal, and antibiotics. Fatty acids such as hexadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, octadecadienoic acid, and stearic acid could inhibit the growth of microbes. Phenolic compounds could acts as an antioxidant and antidiabetic. Judging from all the varying LC50 values, ethnobotany-related explorations, and other biomedical/biochemical tests, those analyzed species could be strongly judged as efficacious medicinal plants; and therefore potentially developed as raw material for herbal drugs.
Adaptation and productivity of kaliandra for biomass energy source
Authors: Siarudin M , Indrajaya Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The development of wood energy forest plantations is one of the government’s strategies to meet national energy needs. Kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) is one tree/shrub species that is potential for biomass energy source due to its rapid growth and high calorific value. This study aims to analyze the level of adaptation and productivity of kaliandra planted in 3 spacing treatments in the Production Forest Management Unit (KPHP) Puncak Ngengas - Batulanteh, Sumbawa. The treatment of spacing applied is 4 m x 1 m or density of 2, 500 trees/ha (J1), 4 m x 2 m or density of 1, 250 trees/ha (J2), and 4 m x 2 m with stripe or density of 1, 850 trees/ha (J3). Measurements of adaptation and plant growth were carried out until 6 months after planting. The results of this study indicate that the J2 treatment showed the best level of adaptation with a survival rate of 89.3%, followed by treatments J3 and J1 with a survival rate of 85.9% and 84.4% respectively. The J3 treatment resulted in the best growth rate of Kaliandra plants with an average diameter of 18.1 mm, an average height of 244.9 cm and the volume of individual trees of 0.00085 m3/tree. The J3 treatment also produced the highest total volume, estimated biomass production and energy productivity compared to other treatments, which were 3.5 m3/ha, 2.7 tons/ha and 51.9 Gj/ha, respectively. Treatment of spacing indicates the influence on the level of tree adaptation and growth and estimation of biomass production and calorific value. However, the treatment of spacing does not show a clear pattern related to the effect of initial spacing on growth and productivity of Kaliandra at the beginning of the year.
Herbal tea of yellow bitter charm (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) leaves and its potential analysis for commercial herbs drink
Authors: Supartini  , Maharani R , Fernandes A , Waluyo T K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Yellow Bitter Charm (YBC) has been widely known as medicinal plants in Dipterocarps forest ecosystem. Common utilization of YBC is roots and stems, causing problems with its sustainability. In this study, some active compounds contained in YBC leave were identified due to antioxidant of YBC leaf is higher than root and stem. Thus, efficacious diversification products from it leaves as herbal tea was introduced. YBC leaves were taken from Samboja (East Kalimantan), Kotawaringin Timur and Katingan (Central Kalimantan). Chemical compounds showed that YBC leaves contained some important compounds, namely: canthin (anti-cancer), ethanol (aphrodisiac), anti-malaria (eurycomanone), and anti-HIV (quainoid), while other active compounds were saponins, tannins and alkaloids are very good for improving blood circulation. Herbal tea products from YBC leaves are made into 3 flavors, namely: original, jasmine and lime aroma. Organoleptic tests of these products including color, aroma and taste were tested on 58 respondents from different age classes showed that teenager respondents preferred herbal tea with lime aroma, adult respondents preferred jasmine aroma, while elderly respondent was very fond of original due to efficacy considerations. Antioxidant tests on these products proved that aroma additional might cause a decrease in antioxidant activity.
The characteristics of thorny bamboo (Bambusa blumeana) for dissolving pulp
Authors: Aprianis Y , Novriyanti E , Akbar OT 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study was aimed to examine the raw material characteristics of thorny bamboo (Bambusa blumeana) from two different origins. Thorny bamboo is one of the raw material for dissolving pulp (rayon pulp). The origins of the bamboos were Agam Regency (West Sumatra Province) (TB1) and Perawang City of Siak Regency (Riau Province) (TB2) that represented highland and lowland, respectively. Bamboos from the two origins were analyzed for their raw material characteristics consisted of growth, chemical contents, fiber dimension and dissolving pulp. The pulping process was carried out in steps as followed: prehydrolyzed, kraft pulping and pulp bleaching. The pre-hydrolysis techniques used acetic acid solution. The kraft condition was active alkali 25% and sulfidity 32%. Meanwhile, the bleaching was conducted in 4 stages. The analysis was done descriptively. Dissolving pulp requires high purity level of alpha-cellulose that would be attained by dissolving other components from the system. The results showed alpha-cellulose of thorny bamboo from Agam (TB1) and Perawang (TB2) were 51.28% and 36.90%, respectively. However, the fiber of TB2 was longer than that of TB1 that 3.22 and 2.62 mm, respectively. The yields pulp kraft of thorny bamboo TB1 and TB2 were 35.25% and 36.28%, respectively. The alpha-cellulose of the thorny bamboo met the standard for dissolving pulp but not the mineral and acid insoluble ash content.
Establishing an evaluation metric to quantify climate change image realism
*
Authors: Zhou Sharon , Luccioni Alexandra , Cosne Gautier , Bernstein Michael S , Bengio Yoshua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
With success on controlled tasks, deep generative models are being increasingly applied to humanitarian applications (Nie et al 2017 Int. Conf. on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (Berlin: Springer) pp 417–25, Yanardag et al 2017 Deep Empathy). In this paper, we focus on the evaluation of a conditional generative model that illustrates the consequences of climate change-induced flooding to encourage public interest and awareness on the issue. Because metrics for comparing the realism of different modes in a conditional generative model do not exist, we propose several automated and human-based methods for evaluation. To do this, we adapt several existing metrics and assess the automated metrics against gold standard human evaluation. We find that using Fréchet Inception Distance with embeddings from an intermediary Inception-v3 layer that precedes the auxiliary classifier produces results most correlated with human realism. While insufficient alone to establish a human-correlated automatic evaluation metric, we believe this work begins to bridge the gap between human and automated generative evaluation procedures, and to generate more realistic images of the future consequences of climate change.
Mycophenolate-induced oral ulcers: Case report and literature review
Authors: Asare Kwame , Gatzke Caroline Barone 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Purpose
A case of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)–induced oral ulceration in a kidney transplant recipient is reported.

Summary
A 54-year-old man who had received a kidney transplant 7 months previously reported to our outpatient clinic with severe oral ulcers with odynophagia and was admitted to the hospital. His maintenance immunosuppressive agents at the time of admission consisted of tacrolimus and mycophenolate. The patient had stable renal function, with all laboratory values within normal ranges. After various alternative etiologies were ruled out, drug-induced oral ulceration was suspected, and the patient’s tacrolimus dose was empirically reduced, resulting in reduction of the trough concentration from 10 ng/mL to 3.3 ng/mL without improvement of the ulceration. Mycophenolate-induced oral ulceration was suspected, and MMF was discontinued. Within 5 days of discontinuation, there was a remarkable improvement in both the size and severity of the ulceration, and the patient was discharged from the hospital. During the next clinic visit (a total of 12 days after MMF was discontinued), the patient’s mouth and esophageal ulcers had completely healed. Six weeks after complete resolution of the ulcer, MMF at a dosage of 250 mg twice daily was initiated; the dosage was subsequently increased to 500 mg twice daily without a recurrence of ulceration.

Conclusion
A 54-year-old man developed oral ulceration after 7 months of MMF therapy. Discontinuation of therapy resulted in prompt resolution of the patient’s ulcers, with no recurrence of ulceration at a lower MMF dose. This is the first case report indicating that mycophenolate-induced ulceration may be dose dependent.
Generalized integration model for improved statistical inference by leveraging external summary data
Authors: Zhang Han , Deng Lu , Schiffman Mark , Qin Jing , Yu Kai 
Published: February 2020

Summary
Meta-analysis has become a powerful tool for improving inference by gathering evidence from multiple sources. It pools summary-level data from different studies to improve estimation efficiency with the assumption that all participating studies are analysed under the same statistical model. It is challenging to integrate external summary data calculated from different models with a newly conducted internal study in which individual-level data are collected. We develop a novel statistical inference framework that can effectively synthesize internal and external data for the integrative analysis. The new framework is versatile enough to assimilate various types of summary data from multiple sources. We establish asymptotic properties for the proposed procedure and prove that the new estimate is theoretically more efficient than the internal data based maximum likelihood estimate, as well as a recently developed constrained maximum likelihood approach that incorporates the external information. We illustrate an application of our method by evaluating cervical cancer risk using data from a large cervical screening program.
Stereomotion Processing in the Nonhuman Primate Brain
Authors: Héjja-Brichard Yseult , Rima Samy , Rapha Emilie , Durand Jean-Baptiste , Cottereau Benoit R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The cortical areas that process disparity-defined motion-in-depth (i.e., cyclopean stereomotion [CSM]) were characterized with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in two awake, behaving macaques. The experimental protocol was similar to previous human neuroimaging studies. We contrasted the responses to dynamic random-dot patterns that continuously changed their binocular disparity over time with those to a control condition that shared the same properties, except that the temporal frames were shuffled. A whole-brain voxel-wise analysis revealed that in all four cortical hemispheres, three areas showed consistent sensitivity to CSM. Two of them were localized respectively in the lower bank of the superior temporal sulcus (CSMSTS) and on the neighboring infero-temporal gyrus (CSMITG). The third area was situated in the posterior parietal cortex (CSMPPC). Additional regions of interest-based analyses within retinotopic areas defined in both animals indicated weaker but significant responses to CSM within the MT cluster (most notably in areas MSTv and FST). Altogether, our results are in agreement with previous findings in both human and macaque and suggest that the cortical areas that process CSM are relatively well preserved between the two primate species.
Serum uromodulin and decline of kidney function in older participants of the population-based KORA F4/FF4 study
Authors: Then Cornelia , Then Holger L , Lechner Andreas , Thorand Barbara , Meisinger Christa , Heier Margit , Peters Annette , Koenig Wolfgang , Rathmann Wolfgang , Scherberich Jürgen , Seissler Jochen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Uromodulin, a tissue-specific tubular glycoprotein, has recently emerged as a promising biomarker for kidney function and tubular integrity. However, the association of serum uromodulin (sUmod) with renal function decline is still unknown in an older general population.

Methods
We analysed the association of sUmod with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria in 1075 participants of the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study, ages 62–81 years, at baseline and prospectively after a mean follow-up time of 6.5 years (n = 605) using logistic and linear regression models as well as receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses.

Results
Cross-sectionally, sUmod was positively associated with eGFR (β = 0.31 ± 0.02 per higher standard deviation sUmod; P &lt; 0.001) and inversely associated with the urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (β = −0.19 ± 0.04; P &lt; 0.001) after adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, arterial hypertension, prediabetes and diabetes. After multivariable adjustment including baseline eGFR, sUmod was not associated with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as a decrease in eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 after 6.5 years of follow-up {odds ratio [OR] 1.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77–1.36] per higher SD sUmod} but was inversely associated with advanced CKD, defined as incident eGFR &lt;45 mL/min/1.73 m2 [OR 0.64 (95% CI 0.42–0.98)]. The ROC showed no added predictive value of sUmod for kidney function decline in the fully adjusted model.

Conclusions
Higher sUmod was inversely associated with progression to advanced kidney disease but does not provide additional predictive value for the development of CKD in elderly participants of the population-based KORA study.
Lomitapide treatment in a female with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a case report
Authors: Littmann Karin , Szummer Karolina , Hagström Hannes , Dolapcsiev Karoly , Brinck Jonas , Eriksson Mats 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHomozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is an autosomal-dominant inherited disease presenting with highly elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Untreated, the patient can develop atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease already in adolescence. Treatment with statins and ezetimibe is usually not sufficient and LDL apheresis is often required. Lomitapide, an inhibitor of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, reduces LDL-C and triglyceride levels and can be used alone or in combination with other therapies in homozygous FH. However, experience with this agent is still limited.Case summaryWe present a young female who was diagnosed with homozygous FH at 6 years of age. She shows a complete lack of normal LDL receptor activity and no cholesterol-lowering effect from statins. The patient was treated with LDL apheresis from 7 years of age. When LDL apheresis treatment extended to twice a week, she began to experience adverse effects, including catheter-related complications, infections, and hospital admissions. When lomitapide treatment was initiated, the frequency of apheresis reduced, the LDL-C levels improved and she has not had any further hospital admissions since. Initially, she suffered from gastrointestinal disturbances. However, after 3 years of treatment with lomitapide 20 mg/day, the patient has not experienced any adverse effects.DiscussionIn this female with homozygous FH adding lomitapide treatment to LDL apheresis has contributed to improved LDL-C levels, a reduction in LDL apheresis sessions and enhanced quality of life. No adverse effects have been reported. These findings suggest that lomitapide can be a drug of choice in patients with homozygous FH.
Impact of flooding on health-related quality of life in England: results from the National Study of Flooding and Health
Authors: Robin Charlotte , Beck Charles , Armstrong Ben , Waite Thomas David , Rubin G James ,   English National Study of Flooding and Health Study Group, Waite Thomas David , Beck Charles R , Amlôt Richard , Kovats Sari , Armstrong Ben , Leonardi Giovanni , Rubin G James , Oliver Isabel , Waite Thomas David , Beck Charles R , Amlôt Richard , Kovats Sari , Armstrong Ben , Leonardi Giovanni , Rubin G James , Oliver Isabel , Oliver Isabel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Flooding can have extensive effects on the health and wellbeing of affected communities. The impact of flooding on psychological morbidity has been established; however, the wider impacts of flooding exposure, including on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), have not been described.

Methods
Using data from the English National Study of Flooding and Health cohort, HRQoL 2 and 3 years post-flooding was assessed with the EuroQol Group EQ-5D-5L tool. Associations between exposure groups (flooding and disruption from flooding) and HRQoL were assessed, using ordinal and linear regression, adjusting for a priori confounders.

Results
For both 2 and 3 years post-flooding, the median HRQoL scores were lower in the flooded and disrupted groups, compared with unaffected respondents. A higher proportion of flooded and disrupted respondents reported HRQoL problems in most dimensions of the EQ-5D-5L, compared with unaffected respondents. In year 2, independent associations between exposure to flooding and experiencing anxiety/depression [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 7.7; 95% CI 4.6–13.5], problems with usual activities (aOR 5.3; 95% CI 2.5–11.9) and pain/discomfort (aOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.5–3.9) were identified. These problems persisted 3 years post-flooding; associations between exposure to flooding and experiencing anxiety/depression (aOR 4.3; 95% CI 2.5–7.7), problems with usual activities (aOR 2.9; 95% CI 1.5–6.1) and pain/discomfort (aOR 2.5; 95% CI 1.5–4.2) were identified.

Conclusions
Exposure to flooding and disruption from flooding significantly reduces HRQoL. These findings extend our knowledge of the impacts of flooding on health, with implications for multi-agency emergency response and recovery plans.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Carhenicillin and Ticarcillin in Injectable Dosage Forms
Authors: Mopper Barry 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method is described for the assay of carbenicillin and ticarcillin in injectable dosage forms. These penicillins were analyzed isocratically on an octadecyl silane column using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-O.OlM potassium phosphate monobasic (12 + 88, v/v) with photometric detection at 225 nm. Propylthiouracil was used as an internal standard. Detector responses were rectilinearly related to concentrations of carbenicillin and ticarcillin in the ranges 40 to 130 ug/mL (r = 0.5987) and 20 to 90 fig/mL (r = 0.9998), respectively. Using the standard additions method, mean recoveries of carbenicillin and ticarcillin from commercial powders for injection were 99.8 and 100.2%, respectively, with a range of 98.1-102.2%. The coefficients of variation (CV) for repeated determinations of total carbenicillin and ticarcillin content in injectables were 0.3 and 0.2%, respectively. A procedure is included for separating the diastereoisomers of both penicillins by ion-pairing reverse-phase liquid chromatography.
Organohalogen Residues in Human Adipose Autopsy Samples from Six Ontario Municipalities
Authors: Williams David T , Lebel Guy L , Junkins Elizabeth 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Human adipose tissue samples obtained during autopsies in 6 Canadian Great Lakes municipalities were analyzed for chlorobenzenes, polychlorobiphenyls, and organohalogen pesticide residues. The frequency of occurrence and the range and mean for 2JJ organohalogen residues are reported for male and female donors in each municipality. Overall mean residue values in females were significantly higher than those in males for hexachlorobenzen;, β-HCH, p,p'- DDE,»,/» -DDD + o,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDT. The means and ranges of residue values were similar to those reported in previous Canadian surveys.
Tissue Fluoroacetate Residues in Prairie Dogs Dosed with Low-Level Sodium
Monofluoroacetate
Authors: Hugghins Ernest J , Casper Howard H , David Ward C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A total of 83 black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) from South Dakota were subjected to low-level treatment with sodium monofluoroacetate (Compound 1080) in the laboratory (0.01-0.30 mg 1080/kg). The acute oral median lethal dose (LD50) of 1080 administered by oral gavage was established at 0.173 mg/kg. To assay fluoroacetate residues, 8 kinds of tissue from each of 10 prairie dogs dead of low-level 1080 poisoning were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Of the total of 79 tissues analyzed, 73 contained &lt;100 ppb fluoroacetate, and 67 contained &lt;50 ppb fluoroacetate. To test the effect of secondary poisoning on nontarget species, 8 European ferrets (Mustela furo) were fed ground whole carcasses of prairie dogs dead of low-level 1080 poisoning, with no observable ill effects on the ferrets
Improved Method for Partition of Organophosphate Pesticide Residues on a Solid Phase Partition Column
Authors: Hopper Marvin L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A specially modified form of diatomaceous earth was used to develop a solid phase partition column which, with methylene chloride, is used to extract organophosphate pesticides from an aqueous acetone filtrate. This column has proven to be a direct replacement for the time consuming and labor intensive separatory funnel partition of the Luke procedure. Recoveries from the column are quantitative and reproducible for industrial phosphates and a wide range of polar and nonpolar organophosphate pesticides. The column is reusable and convenient and results in a 35-45% savings in time over separatory funnel partition. Neither sulfate columns nor separatory funnels are required, and no emulsions are formed.
Improved Method for Measurement of Dietary Fiber as Non-Starch Polysaccharides in Plant Foods
Authors: Englyst Hans N , Cummings John H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is described that allows rapid estimation of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber as the non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in plant foods. It is a modification of an earlier, more complex procedure. Starch is completely removed enzymatically, and NSP is measured as the sum of its constituent sugars released by acid hydrolysis. The sugars may, in turn, be measured by gas chromatography (GC), giving values for individual monosaccharides, or more rapidly by colorimetry. Both GC and colorimetry are suitable for routine measurement of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber in cereals, fruits, and vegetables. Values obtained are not affected by food processing so the dietary fiber content of various processed foods and mixed diets can be calculated simply from knowing the amount in the raw materials. The additional information obtained by GC analysis is valuable in the interpretation of physiological studies and in epidemiology where disease is related to type and amount of dietary fiber.