bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing protein-energy malnutrition after cortical stroke enhances recovery of symmetry in forelimb use during spontaneous exploration
Authors: Matwee Larisa K. , Alaverdashvili Mariam , Muir Gillian D. , Farthing Jonathan P. , Bater Sarah A. , Paterson Phyllis G. 
Published: April 2020

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) commonly arises after stroke. We investigated the effects of preventing PEM on spontaneous recovery of forelimb use, infarct size, and the acute phase response in the chronic post-stroke period. Male, adult, Sprague–Dawley rats were acclimatized to control diet (12.5% protein), tested for pre-stroke forelimb use symmetry in the cylinder test, and exposed to photothrombotic cortical stroke or sham surgery. Food intake was monitored daily, and body weight weekly. Forelimb use was tested on day 4 after surgery, before assignment to control diet or PEM (0.5% protein), with subsequent testing on days 16 and 29. Blood, brain, and liver were collected on day 30. The low protein diet resulted in PEM, measured by decreased body weight (p < 0.001) and food intake (p = 0.016) and increased liver lipid (p < 0.001). Stroke (p = 0.016) and PEM (p = 0.001) independently elicited increases in serum α-2-macroglobulin concentration, whereas PEM alone decreased albumin (p < 0.001). PEM reduced recovery of forelimb use symmetry during exploration on days 16 (p = 0.024) and 29 (p = 0.013) but did not influence infarct size (p = 0.775). Stroke reduced reliance on the stroke-affected forelimb to initiate exploration up until day 29 (p < 0.001); PEM had no influence (p ≥ 0.463). Preventing post-stroke PEM appears to yield direct benefits for certain types of motor recovery. Novelty Preventing post-stroke malnutrition benefits certain types of motor recovery. An acute phase response may contribute to the poorer recovery with malnutrition.
Gravitational waves in braneworlds after multi-messenger events
Authors: García-Aspeitia Miguel A. , Escamilla-Rivera Celia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe GW170817 event opened a new window to test modifications to General Relativity with the aim of discard or impose strong constraints in extra dimension theories of gravity. Concerning these theories, the Randall–Sundrum brane-world theory – 4+1 spacetime model where its covariant Einstein field equations are composed with new extra terms that comes from extra dimensions – is begin tested in the multi-messenger astronomy field. In the same context, the aim of this paper is to impose new constrictions through measurements of the time-delay between the gravitational and electromagnetic signals: GW170817 and the recent S190425z, over the free cosmological parameters of this modified model. We assume that Gravitational Waves travel along a shortcut on the extra dimension. In addition, we consider the standard $$\Lambda $$ΛCDM model and perform a likelihood analysis in order to study effects like the $$H_0$$H0 tension in comparison to this extra-dimensional theory, obtaining a reduced $$H_0$$H0 value of the order of $$0.2\%$$0.2% in the low energy limit of this theory.
Dificultades y desafíos de la Publicidad
Authors: Taricco Jose Luis 
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo analiza, en diversos planos, factores que están cambiando, de modo radical, los procesos de comunicación social. Particularmente de como ellos impactan en la publicidad, tanto comercial, política o de bien público. Se analizan planos en función de la multiplicidad de procesos actuales de comunicación; desde los clásicos medios a las intermediaciones vía internet y sus diversas variantes. Las características del cambio tecnológico; desde las 4G hacia las tecnologías 5G. Las nuevas intervenciones metodológicas y técnicas para analizar datos; personales, grupales y sociales, tanto de ciudadanos como de consumidores, de modo cuantitativo y cualitativo. A través de procesos informáticos (algoritmos) y de recopilación de datos de fuentes múltiples y de grandes conglomerados, provistas por el sistema de internet (Big Data) con la impronta de procesos de análisis e interpretación de los datos desde la “inteligencia artificial”. Y finalmente analiza, en particular, las características de los Jóvenes que componen las generaciones actuales que adaptados a las nuevas tecnologías (TIC) y en función de nuevas pautas socio-culturales y de consumo modifican, sustancialmente, la condición de consumidor de productos y servicios en general y de medios de comunicación y mediaciones sociales en particular.
Se reflexiona sobre las dificultades y desafíos que enfrentan los sistemas de comunicación publicitaria, para la Academia (universidades e investigadores), en tanto debe reformular y cuestionar los paradigmas teóricos hasta aquí utilizados para analizar el fenómeno publicitario a la luz de los cambios imperantes y para el espacio profesional en tanto debe reformular sus propias prácticas.
Hypothetical Lifestyle Strategies in Middle-Aged Women and the Long-Term Risk of Stroke
Authors: Jain Priyanka , Suemoto Claudia K. , Rexrode Kathryn , Manson JoAnn E. , Robins James M. , Hernán Miguel A. , Danaei Goodarz 
Published: April 2020

Background and Purpose—
Long-term effect of lifestyle changes on stroke incidence has not been estimated in randomized trials. We used observational data to estimate the incidence of stroke under hypothetical lifestyle strategies in the NHS (Nurses’ Health Study).

Methods—
We considered 3 nondietary strategies (smoking cessation, exercising ≥30 min/d, gradual body mass index reduction if overweight/obese) and several dietary strategies (eating ≥3 servings/wk of fish, ≤3 servings/wk of unprocessed red meat, no processed red meat, ≥1 servings/d of nuts, etc). We used the parametric g-formula to estimate the 26-year risk of stroke under these strategies.

Results—
In 59 727 women, mean age 52 years at baseline in 1986, the estimated 26-year risks under no lifestyle interventions were 4.7% for total stroke, 2.4% for ischemic stroke, and 0.7% for hemorrhagic stroke. Under the combined nondietary interventions, the estimated 26-year risk of total stroke was 3.5% (95% CI, 2.6%–4.3%) and ischemic stroke was 1.6% (95% CI, 1.1%–2.1%). Smaller reductions in total stroke risk were estimated under isolated dietary strategies of increased intake of fish and nuts and reduced intake of unprocessed red meat. Ischemic stroke risk was lower under reduced intake of unprocessed and processed red meat, and hemorrhagic stroke risk was lower under a strategy of increased fish consumption.

Conclusions—
In this population of middle-aged women, sustained, lifestyle modifications were estimated to reduce the 26-year risk of total stroke by 25% and ischemic stroke by 36%. Sustained dietary modifications were estimated to reduce the 26-year risk of total stroke by 23%.
Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients With Ischemic Stroke With Prestroke Disability
Authors: Salwi Sanjana , Cutting Shawna , Salgado Alan D. , Espaillat Kiersten , Fusco Matthew R. , Froehler Michael T. , Chitale Rohan V. , Kirshner Howard , Schrag Matthew , Jasne Adam , Burton Tina , MacGrory Brian , Saad Ali , Jayaraman Mahesh V. , Madsen Tracy E. , Dakay Katarina , McTaggart Ryan , Yaghi Shadi , Khatri Pooja , Mistry Akshitkumar M. , Mistry Eva A. 
Published: April 2020

Background and Purpose—
We aimed to compare functional and procedural outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke with none-to-minimal (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score, 0–1) and moderate (mRS score, 2–3) prestroke disability treated with mechanical thrombectomy.

Methods—

Consecutive adult patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for an anterior circulation stroke were prospectively identified at 2 comprehensive stroke centers from 2012 to 2018. Procedural and 90-day functional outcomes were compared among patients with prestroke mRS scores 0 to 1 and 2 to 3 using χ
2
, logistic, and linear regression tests. Primary outcome and significant differences in secondary outcomes were adjusted for prespecified covariates.

Results—

Of 919 patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy, 761 were included and 259 (34%) patients had moderate prestroke disability. Ninety-day mRS score 0 to 1 or no worsening of prestroke mRS was observed in 36.7% and 26.7% of patients with no-to-minimal and moderate prestroke disability, respectively (odds ratio, 0.63 [0.45–0.88],
P
=0.008; adjusted odds ratio, 0.90 [0.60–1.35],
P
=0.6). No increase in the disability at 90 days was observed in 22.4% and 26.7%, respectively. Rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (7.3% versus 6.2%,
P
=0.65), successful recanalization (86.7% versus 83.8%,
P
=0.33), and median length of hospital stay (5 versus 5 days,
P
=0.06) were not significantly different. Death by 90 days was higher in patients with moderate prestroke disability (14.3% versus 40.3%; odds ratio, 4.06 [2.82–5.86],
P
<0.001; adjusted odds ratio, 2.83 [1.84, 4.37],
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
One-third of patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy had a moderate prestroke disability. There was insufficient evidence that functional and procedural outcomes were different between patients with no-to-minimal and moderate prestroke disability. Patients with prestroke disability were more likely to die by 90 days.
Freethinking, Freethinkers and the Jewish Question in Romania until the Outbreak of the First World War
Authors: Rotar Marius 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The founding of the Romanian Free Thinkers Association (1909) prompted violent criticism against it. This arose out of a milieu influenced by the Romanian Orthodox Church targeting the Association’s anti-religious attitude. One of the allegations formulated against it was that the freethinking movement was only one facet of the wider Jewish universal conspiracy. This article aims to analyse to what extent there was a connection between the freethinking movement in Romania and the Jewish question. The main argument set forward in this article is that the Romanian freethinkers struggled to dismantle these accusations, while attempting to act towards Jewish emancipation in Romania as part of their wider program to transform society.
The Origin of the Blessing over the Sabbath Light: The Shift from Obligation to Miẓvah
Authors: Brem Jerry 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Geonim in Babylonia made blessing the Sabbath light the halakhah over a period from the ninth to the tenth centuries CE. A blessing with the words, “Who commanded us” makes the ritual a miẓvah. In the Talmud the Amoraim had defined kindling the Sabbath light as an obligation rather than a miẓvah. The present article discusses their reason for making this distinction. The Geonim did not make kindling the Sabbath light a miẓvah to counter the influence of the Karaite movement, as some scholars have maintained, but to mark the day of rest. To make this ruling, the Geonim had to interpret the Talmud somewhat differently from its original intent. Later, the Rishonim used a similar method to necessitate blessing the Sabbath light. This method of interpretation allowed the Geonim to accommodate the halakhah to the times while holding to tradition.
Exploring Preservice Teachers’ Perception on Rural Teaching and Education through the Mediation of Photovoice
Authors: Miao PEI , Wei JIN , Chang CAI 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Teacher preparation programs (tpps) are expected to help preservice teachers (psts) to be aware of identify and revise their possibly biased perceptions on potential students and schools they may serve. Field experience, a requirement of every accredited tpp, has long been viewed to have an awareness-raising effect to reconstruct experiences into meaningful insights as well as to impact psts’ perceptions. This study employs photovoice to explore five psts’ perception on rural students and education during their 5-day field experiences from visiting five rural and ethnic minority schools in Yunnan, a southwest province of China. The findings from this study indicate that psts in the field far different from their personal education background shift their perspective concern from instruction to student, which could be the sign that psts improve their reflection to become more inclusive, student-centered other than egocentric, teacher-centered. The study also found that photovoice mediates the participants to document and report their lived experience. It gives the opportunities to psts to ascribe meanings to the photos representing their knowledge and perspective of the phenomenon. Implication to tpps is finally discussed.
Extubation and Noninvasive Ventilation of Patients Supported by Extracorporeal Life Support for Cardiogenic Shock: A Single-Center Retrospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Magunia Harry , Guerrero Aida M. , Keller Marius , Jacoby Johann , Schlensak Christian , Haeberle Helene , Koeppen Michael , Nowak-Machen Martina , Rosenberger Peter 
Published: April 2020

Background: Temporary extracorporeal life support (ECLS) by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an emerging therapy for patients with severe, ongoing cardiogenic shock. After stabilization of the hemodynamic status and end-organ function, sedation weaning, extubation, and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) can be attempted. The goal of this study was to analyze the feasibility of extubation and NIV during versus after ECLS for cardiogenic shock. Methods: Single-center retrospective observational study of 132 patients undergoing ECLS due to severe cardiogenic shock between January 2015 and December 2016 at a tertiary care university hospital. Results: Patients received ECLS due to acute myocardial infarction (20.6%), ongoing cardiogenic shock (15.2%), postoperative low-cardiac-output syndrome (24.2%), and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (40.2%). Overall, intensive care unit survival was 44.7%. Sixty-nine (52.3%) patients could never be extubated. Forty-three (32.6%) were extubated while on ECLS support (group 1) and 20 (15.1%) were extubated after weaning from ECLS (group 2). Patients extubated during ECLS had a significantly shorter total time on ventilator ( P = .003, mean difference: −284 hours [95% confidence limits: −83 to −484]) and more invasive ventilation free days ( P = .0018; mean difference 8 days [95%CL: 2-14]). Mortality and NIV failure rates were similar between groups. Conclusions: Extubation and NIV are feasible in patients who stabilize during ECLS therapy. Further studies need to address whether extubation has the potential to improve patients outcome or if the feasibility to extubate is a surrogate for disease severeness.
Weight Outcomes With Empagliflozin as Compared With Liraglutide in Veterans With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Grabarczyk Ted Robert , Wissman Natalie Koury 
Published: April 2020

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are associated with weight loss and improved cardiovascular outcomes, and are increasingly used in pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objectives: To compare weight loss outcomes of empagliflozin and liraglutide in patients with T2DM and overweight/obesity not yet prescribed insulin but requiring additional pharmacotherapy to improve glycemic control. Methods: This is an observational, multisite, cohort study of veterans with T2DM prescribed liraglutide or empagliflozin. Participants were prescribed either empagliflozin or liraglutide prior to November 1, 2017, had a hemoglobin A1C (A1C) ≥7.0%, had a body mass index ≥27 kg/m2, and were not treated with insulin at baseline. The primary outcome was change in weight after 1 year using multiple regression. Secondary outcomes were the proportion achieving ≥5% weight loss and change in A1C. Results: Weight loss was not significantly different between groups: −2.17 kg (95% CI: −2.91 to −1.42) in the liraglutide group (n = 298) and −2.81 kg (95% CI: −3.43 to −2.20) in the empagliflozin group (n = 247; P > 0.05). After adjusting for covariates, this effect remained nonsignificant. There was no difference in change in A1C between liraglutide (−0.83%; 95% CI: −1.05% to −0.62%) and empagliflozin (−0.71%; 95% CI: −0.89% to −0.53%; P > 0.05). Conclusions and Relevance: There was no significant difference in weight outcomes after 1 year in veterans treated with liraglutide versus empagliflozin. Because both medications did show modest weight loss, both remain good options for patients needing an additional medication to improve glycemic control that is at least weight neutral.
Estrogen-regulated PTTG1 promotes breast cancer progression by regulating cyclin kinase expression
Authors: Meng Chunhui , Zou Yan , Hong Weiwei , Bao Chunhua , Jia Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The present study aims to investigate the effects of pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) 1 on breast cancer and its underlying mechanism.

Methods
GEO data set was applied to analyze the relationship between PTTG1 and survival status and the TCGA breast cancer dataset was used to explore its possible targets. The stable cell lines including PTTG1 knockdown cells, estrogen receptor (ESR) 1 knockdown cells, and PTTG1 overexpression cells were constructed. MTT was used to determine cell viabilities. Propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry were used to analyze the cell cycle. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed to determine the mRNA expressions. Points mutations and luciferase reporter assays were used to determine the binding sites of estrogen.

Results
PTTG1 was associated with poor survival rates in breast cancer. In vitro study demonstrated that PTTG1 affected cell viabilities of MCF7 and T47D cells. Besides, PTTG1 affected cell cycle arrest of breast cancer cells. Overexpression of PTTG1 led to more breast cancer cells distributed in S phase. The levels of PTTG1 were associated with estrogen and further results showed that the levels of PTTG1 were positively correlated to tamoxifen resistance. Two genes including CCNA2 and CCNB2 were identified to be possible targets of PTTG1.

Conclusion
Estrogen-regulated PTTG1 promotes the development of breast cancer cells by the regulation of the cell cycle.
Effective methods for reactivating inactive blood donors: a stratified randomised controlled study
Authors: Ou-Yang Jian , Bei Chun-Hua , Liang Hua-Qin , He Bo , Chen Jin-Yan , Fu Yong-Shui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecruiting of sufficient numbers of donors of blood products is vital worldwide. In this study we assessed the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of telephone calls and SMS reminders for re-recruitment of inactive blood donors.MethodsThis single-centre, non-blinded, parallel randomised controlled trial in Guangzhou, China included 11,880 inactive blood donors whose last donation was between January 1 and June 30, 2014. The donors were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups (telephone call or short message service [SMS] communications) or to a control group without intervention. SMS messages with altruistic appeal were adopted in the SMS group; in addition to altruistic appeal, reasons for deferral of blood donation were also asked in the telephone group. All participants were followed up for 1 year. The primary outcome was re-donation rate, and rates in different groups were compared by intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and estimation of the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT). Secondary outcomes were the self-reported deterrents. Other outcomes included the re-donation interval, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of telephone calls and SMS reminders on re-recruitment.ResultsITT analysis revealed no significant differences in the re-donation rate among the three groups. ATT estimations indicated that among compliers, telephone calls significantly increased re-donation compared to both SMS reminders and no intervention. Donor return behaviour was positively associated with receiving reminders successfully, being male, older age, and previous donation history. The SMS reminder prompted donors to return sooner than no reminder within 6 months, and according to ICER calculations, SMS reminders were more cost-effective than telephone calls. Donors reported time constraints as the most main causes of self-deferral in the telephone group, and altruistic appeal had a positive effect on these donors.ConclusionsInterventions to reactivate inactive blood donors can be effective, with telephone calls prompting more donors to return but at a greater cost than SMS messages. SMS reminder with altruistic appeal can urge donors to re-donate sooner within 6 months than no reminder.Trial registrationNCT03366441(Reactivation of Inactive Blood Donors). Retrospectively registered 4 December 2017.
Sonic irrigant activation for root canal disinfection: power modes matter!
Authors: Eggmann Florin , Vokac Yvonne , Eick Sigrun , Neuhaus Klaus W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSonic irrigant activation has gained widespread popularity among general dentists and endodontists alike in recent years. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the impact of three power modes of a sonic activation device (EDDY) on its antimicrobial effectiveness in infected root canals.MethodsThe root canals of straight, human roots (n = 120) were prepared to size 40/.06. In a short-term infection experiment, the root canals were inoculated with different microbial species for three days. The following irrigation protocols, using 4 ml of normal saline as irrigant, were performed: negative control, manual rinsing, sonic irrigant activation at power modes “low”, “medium” and “high”. In a second, long-term experiment, testing the same irrigation protocols, inoculation lasted 21 days and sodium hypochlorite was used as irrigant. Sequential infection control samples were assessed using culture assays. The statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance of log10-scaled counts of colony-forming units (CFU) with post-hoc comparisons using Bonferroni corrections and Chi2tests (α = 0.05).ResultsIn the short-term experiment, the sonic irrigation protocols decreased the number of CFUs by 1.88 log10units compared with the negative control (p < 0.001). The power modes “medium” and “high” achieved the most effective reduction of the microbial load. In the long-term experiment, microbial regrowth occurred after 7 days unless the device was used at its highest power setting.ConclusionsThe power modes of the sonic irrigation device have a significant impact on the effectiveness for endodontic disinfection. The sonic irrigation device should always be used at the highest power setting in order to maximize its antimicrobial effectiveness.