bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐pressure ESI‐MS made easy using a plug‐and‐play ion source and its application to highly conductive aqueous solutions
Authors: Chen Lee Chuin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe performance of a compact high‐pressure electrospray ionization (HP‐ESI) source that can be readily used for commercial atmospheric pressure ionization (API) mass spectrometers is reported. The ion source employs a converging–diverging outlet nozzle, and ions/droplets generated inside the high‐pressure compartment are carried by the high‐velocity air jet toward the mass spectrometry (MS) ion inlet placed under the atmospheric pressure. With the use of a shielding electrode, the HP‐ESI can also be operated with its emitter held at ground potential. This feature prevents the flow of current from the emitter to other electrically grounded components and facilitates the connection of ion source to liquid chromatography (LC) columns or capillary electrophoresis. Sensitive detection of proteins from highly conductive aqueous solutions such as 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) solution and the prevention of electrochemical artifacts by the grounded emitter operation are demonstrated.
Evaluating bioanalytical capabilities of paper spray ionization for abiraterone drug quantification in patient plasma
Authors: Bhatnagar Atul , McKay Matthew J. , Arasaratnam Malmaruha , Crumbaker Megan , Gurney Howard , Molloy Mark P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPaper spray ionization (PSI) is a direct, fast, and low‐cost ambient ionization technique which may have clinical utility for qualitative and quantitative analysis of therapeutic drugs and metabolites from patient specimens. We developed and validated a PSI‐mass spectrometry (PSI‐MS/MS) method according to the US‐FDA guidelines for bioanalytical studies to measure the prostate cancer drug abiraterone directly from patient plasma. The established linearity range was 3.1–156.8 ng/mL with a precision (%CV) and an accuracy (%) range of 0.5–10.7 and 93.5–103.2, respectively. The mean internal standard normalized matrix factor for abiraterone was just below 1 with highest %CV of 10.2 at the low‐level quality control. In benchmarking the performance of this assay against a published LC‐MS/MS assay, we showed they were mostly equivalent, with the exception of accuracy with clinical samples. We found the quantitative values observed for abiraterone measured directly from patient plasma using PSI‐MS/MS showed positive bias. Upon investigation, we concluded the increased values were due to summed quantitation of isomeric abiraterone conjugates and metabolites which are separable by LC‐MS/MS, but not with the current PSI‐MS/MS configuration. Despite demonstrating the utility of PSI‐MS/MS for rapid bioanalysis, this study also highlighted a limitation encountered with the direct analysis of abiraterone in clinical samples.
Conditional cell reprogramming for modeling host‐virus interactions and human viral diseases
Authors: Liu Xuefeng , Mondal Abdul M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConventional cancer and transformed cell lines are widely used in cancer biology and other fields within biology. These cells usually have abnormalities from the original tumor itself, but may also develop abnormalities due to genetic manipulation, or genetic and epigenetic changes during long‐term passages. Primary cultures may maintain lineage functions as the original tissue types, yet they have a very limited life span or population doubling time because of the nature of cellular senescence. Primary cultures usually have very low yields, and the high variability from any original tissue specimens, largely limiting their applications in research. Animal models are often used for studies of virus infections, disease modeling, development of antiviral drugs, and vaccines. Human viruses often need a series of passages in vivo to adapt to the host environment because of variable receptors on the cell surface and may have intracellular restrictions from the cell types or host species. Here, we describe a long‐term cell culture system, conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRCs), and its applications in modeling human viral diseases and drug discovery. Using feeder layer coculture in presence of Y‐27632 (conditional reprogramming, CR), CRCs can be obtained and rapidly propagated from surgical specimens, core or needle biopsies, and other minimally invasive or noninvasive specimens, for example, nasal cavity brushing. CRCs preserve their lineage functions and provide biologically relevant and physiological conditions, which are suitable for studies of viral entry and replication, innate immune responses of host cells, and discovery of antiviral drugs. In this review, we summarize the applications of CR technology in modeling host‐virus interactions and human viral diseases including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 and coronavirus disease‐2019, and antiviral discovery.
Variable‐fidelity modeling of antenna input characteristics using domain confinement and two‐stage Gaussian process regression surrogates
Authors: Jacobs J. Pieter , Koziel Slawomir 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe major bottleneck of electromagnetic (EM)‐driven antenna design is the high CPU cost of massive simulations required by parametric optimization, uncertainty quantification, or robust design procedures. Fast surrogate models may be employed to mitigate this issue to a certain extent. Unfortunately, the curse of dimensionality is a serious limiting factor, hindering the construction of conventional data‐driven models valid over wide ranges of the antenna parameters and operating conditions. This paper proposes a novel surrogate modeling approach that capitalizes on two recently proposed frameworks: the nested kriging approach and two‐stage Gaussian process regression (GPR). In our methodology, the first‐level surrogate, of nested kriging, is applied to define the confined domain of the model in which the final surrogate is constructed using two‐stage GPR. The latter permits blending information from a sparsely sampled high‐fidelity EM simulation model and a densely sampled low‐fidelity (or coarse‐mesh) model. This combination enables significant computational savings in terms of training data acquisition while retaining excellent predictive power of the surrogate. At the same time, the proposed framework inherits all the benefits of nested kriging, including ease of uniform sampling of the confined domain, as well as straightforward generation of a good initial design for surrogate model optimization. Comprehensive benchmarking carried out using two antenna examples demonstrates superiority of our technique over conventional surrogates (unconfined domain), and standard GPR applied to the confined domain. Application examples for antenna optimization are also provided.
Chemogenetic manipulation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis counteracts social behavioral deficits induced by early life stress in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Emmons Randi , Sadok Tasneem , Rovero Natalie G. , Belnap Malia A. , Henderson Hannah J. M. , Quan Alex J. , Del Toro Noël J. , Halladay Lindsay R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTrauma during critical periods of development can induce long‐lasting adverse effects. To study neural aberrations resulting from early life stress (ELS), many studies utilize rodent maternal separation, whereby pups are intermittently deprived of maternal care necessary for proper development. This can produce adulthood behavioral deficits related to anxiety, reward, and social behavior. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) encodes aspects of anxiety‐like and social behaviors, and also undergoes developmental maturation during the early postnatal period, rendering it vulnerable to effects of ELS. Mice underwent maternal separation (separation 4 hr/day during postnatal day (PD)2–5 and 8 hr/day on PD6‐16) with early weaning on PD17, which induced behavioral deficits in adulthood performance on two‐part social interaction task designed to test social motivation (choice between a same‐sex novel conspecific or an empty cup) and social novelty preference (choice between the original‐novel conspecific vs. a new‐novel conspecific). We used chemogenetics to non‐selectively silence or activate neurons in the BNST to examine its role in social motivation and social novelty preference, in mice with or without the history of ELS. Manipulation of BNST produced differing social behavior effects in non‐stressed versus ELS mice; social motivation was decreased in non‐stressed mice following BNST activation, but unchanged following BNST silencing, while ELS mice showed no change in social behavior after BNST activation, but exhibited enhancement of social motivation—for which they were deficient prior—following BNST silencing. Findings emphasize the BNST as a potential therapeutic target for social anxiety disorders instigated by childhood trauma.
Localizing the seizure onset zone by comparing patient postictal hypoperfusion to healthy controls
Authors: Perera Tefani , Gaxiola‐Valdez Ismael , Singh Shaily , Peedicail Joseph , Sandy Sherry , Lebel R. Marc , Li Emmy , Milne‐Ives Madison , Szostakiwskyj Jessie , Federico Paolo ,   the Calgary Comprehensive Epilepsy Program collaborators
Published: June 2020

AbstractArterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI can provide seizure onset zone (SOZ) localizing information in up to 80% of patients. Clinical implementation of this technique is limited by the need to obtain two scans per patient: a postictal scan that is subtracted from an interictal scan. We aimed to determine whether it is possible to limit the number of ASL scans to one per patient by comparing patient postictal ASL scans to baseline scans of 100 healthy controls. Eighteen patients aged 20–55 years underwent ASL MRI <90 min after a seizure and during the interictal period. Each postictal cerebral blood flow (CBF) map was statistically compared to average baseline CBF maps from 100 healthy controls (pvcASL; patient postictal CBF vs. control baseline CBF). The pvcASL maps were compared to subtraction ASL maps (sASL; patient baseline CBF minus patient postictal CBF). Postictal CBF reductions from pvcASL and sASL maps were seen in 17 of 18 (94.4%) and 14 of 18 (77.8%) patients, respectively. Maximal postictal hypoperfusion seen in pvcASL and sASL maps was concordant with the SOZ in 10 of 17 (59%) and 12 of 14 (86%) patients, respectively. In seven patients, both pvcASL and sASL maps showed similar results. In two patients, sASL showed no significant hypoperfusion, while pvcASL showed significant hypoperfusion concordant with the SOZ. We conclude that pvcASL is clinically useful and although it may have a lower overall concordance rate than sASL, pvcASL does provide localizing or lateralizing information for specific cases that would be otherwise missed through sASL.
Interactions with PDZ proteins diversify voltage‐gated calcium channel signaling
Authors: Wang Shiyi , Cortes Constanza J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVoltage‐gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels are crucial for neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission upon depolarization. Their properties in vivo are modulated by their interaction with a variety of scaffolding proteins. Such interactions can influence the function and localization of CaV channels, as well as their coupling to intracellular second messengers and regulatory pathways, thus amplifying their signaling potential. Among these scaffolding proteins, a subset of PDZ (postsynaptic density‐95, Drosophila discs‐large, and zona occludens)‐domain containing proteins play diverse roles in modulating CaV channel properties. At the presynaptic terminal, PDZ proteins enrich CaV channels in the active zone, enabling neurotransmitter release by maintaining a tight and vital link between channels and vesicles. In the postsynaptic density, these interactions are essential in regulating dendritic spine morphology and postsynaptic signaling cascades. In this review, we highlight the studies that demonstrate dynamic regulations of neuronal CaV channels by PDZ proteins. We discuss the role of PDZ proteins in controlling channel activity, regulating channel cell surface density, and influencing channel‐mediated downstream signaling events. We highlight the importance of PDZ protein regulations of CaV channels and evaluate the link between this regulatory effect and human disease.
Predictors of time to conversion of new‐onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm with amiodarone therapy
Authors: Dursun Ihsan , Sahin Sinan , Bayraktar Ali , Cirakoglu Omer Faruk , Kul Selim , Korkmaz Levent 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNew‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent cause of presentation to the emergency department (ED). Epicardial fat thickness (EFT) is associated with the presence and recurrence of AF. However, no study has investigated the predictors of the time to conversion of AF to sinus rhythm with amiodarone therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate predictors of time to conversion of AF to sinus rhythm in patients with new‐onset AF.MethodsA total of 122 patients admitted to the ED with symptoms of hemodynamically stable new‐onset AF (lasting <48 hours) were registered consecutively. These patients received intravenous amiodarone. EFT was measured using 2D echocardiography in parasternal long‐axis views.ResultsA significant positive correlation was determined between EFT and conversion time (rho = 0.267, P = .017) in all patients. The median time for conversion from the start of amiodarone infusion was 410 min (150‐830 minutes). Based on the median conversion time, patients were classified as early conversion (time < 410 minutes; n = 41) and late conversion (time > 410 minutes; n = 40). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that EFT (P = .033, odds ratio [OR]: 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6‐2.7), higher troponin I level > 0.04 (P = .034, OR: 5.3, 95% CI: 1.1‐24.8), and lower age (P = .003, OR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.8‐0.9) were significantly associated with longer conversion time.ConclusionsWe determined that EFT and high troponin level affected the time to conversion to sinus rhythm in patients with new‐onset AF.
Understanding organizational embeddedness and career success: Who and what you know
Authors: Kiazad Kohyar , Kraimer Maria L. , Seibert Scott E. , Sargent Leisa 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIntegrating job embeddedness theory with the sponsored and contest mobility perspectives, we developed and tested a model linking organizational embeddedness with two indicators of career success within the organization (promotion and career satisfaction), via the mediating roles of employees' organizational sponsorship network and job‐related human capital development. Data from 188 employees and their supervisors over a 1‐year period showed that, after controlling for employees' initial levels of career satisfaction and job performance, only job‐related human capital development transmitted the positive effects of organizational embeddedness on promotion and career satisfaction. Supplemental analyses revealed that organizational sponsorship network's positive effects on promotion and career satisfaction were transmitted indirectly, via job‐related human capital development. Our findings illustrate the importance of integrating sponsored and contest mobility perspectives and contribute to research on organizational embeddedness by extending its outcomes to include career success within the organization and specifying the process through which organizational embeddedness is related to career success within the organization.
Discovering the colours of industrial heritage characterisation of paint coatings from the powerplant at the Levada de Tomar
Authors: Tissot Isabel , Fonseca João F. , Tissot Matthias , Lemos Manuel , Carvalho Maria L. , Manso Marta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe paint coatings of three energy generators from the 20th‐century powerplant at Levada de Tomar, Portugal, were investigated using micro‐Raman and micro‐X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopies and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. This multi‐analytical approach was used to identify the colouring agents, thus providing a chronological chromatic pallet and allowing to infer on the use of the three energy generators. Together with traditional pigments like Prussian blue, red iron oxide, and carbon black, pigments used in industrial areas like copper phthalocyanine and toluidine red were identified as colouring agents. Complex paint systems of the oldest equipment (1924) were revealed as well as maintenance procedures of the equipment that worked during a longer time (1944–1990). Powdery carbon black layers, resulting from incomplete hydrocarbon combustion and present between metallic substrates and coating layers, suggested the inexistence of paint coatings replacement after the powerplant shutdown. The identification of magnetite as a corrosion product of iron alloy substrate revealed that corrosion developed after the engine shutdown and not during the operation period. The results obtained highlight the potentialities of scientific‐based approach and Raman spectroscopy to the industrial heritage study, an emergent cultural area.
Effects of starch type and concentration on the physicochemical properties of bilayer‐stabilized oil‐in‐water emulsion gels enriched with β‐1,3/1,6‐D‐glucans
Authors: Bortnowska Grażyna , Bartkowiak Artur , Tokarczyk Grzegorz , Przybylska Sylwia , Iwański Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years, consumer interest in low‐fat foodstuffs having a clean label and potential benefits over physiological functions has shown a growing trend. β‐1,3/1,6‐d‐Glucans (BGs) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been recognized as excellent immune‐modulating compounds. Bilayer‐stabilized oil‐in‐water emulsion gels (BEGs) containing oil droplets covered by myofibrillar proteins–gum arabic membranes were used for entrapping BGs in the inner phase. This study investigated the effects of starch type (waxy maize starch, WMS; potato starch, PS) and concentration (0.0–50 g kg−1) on the physicochemical properties of BEGs composed of: 200 g kg−1 rapeseed oil, 40 g kg−1 myofibrillar proteins, 14 g kg−1 gum arabic, 15 g kg−1 BGs, 1 g kg−1 citric acid.RESULTSThe results showed that BGs were successfully incorporated into the inner phase of BEGs and stability testing showed no separated oil and sediment layer. BEGs were characterized by droplet diameter of d3,2 = 3.62 ± 0.209 μm and electrical charge of the outer membrane of −27.4 ± 0.257 mV. Increasing starch concentration significantly (P < 0.05) affected values of the studied rheological parameters, but to a greater extent in relation to PS than WMS. Sensory analysis showed that BEGs were most desirable at WMS and PS concentrations of 40–50 and 30–40 g kg−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONSBEGs containing oil droplets covered by myofibrillar proteins–gum arabic membranes can be used as carriers for insoluble β‐glucans and manufactured with a wide range of rheological properties and sensory features desired by consumers. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Lactobacillus rhamnosus2016SWU.05.0601 regulates immune balance in ovalbumin‐sensitized mice by modulating expression of the immune‐related transcription factors and gut microbiota
Authors: Song Jiajia , Li Yang , Li Jian , Wang Hongwei , Zhang Yu , Suo Huayi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDProbiotics regulate host immune balance, which may reduce immune‐related diseases. The effects and mechanisms of Lactobacillus rhamnosus 2016SWU.05.0601 (Lr‐0601) on the immune response in ovalbumin (OVA)‐sensitized mice were explored.RESULTSLr‐0601 reduced serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E and OVA‐IgE and attenuated the alteration in lung pathology in OVA‐sensitized mice. Lr‐0601 blocked OVA‐induced up‐regulation in serum T helper (Th) 2 and Th17 cytokines but increased the serum levels of Th1 and regulatory T (Treg) cytokines in OVA‐sensitized mice. OVA also markedly reduced the protein levels of spleen T‐box transcription factor and forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3, leading to the reduced mRNA expression of interferon‐γ and interleukin (IL)‐10. By contrast, OVA markedly increased the protein expression of spleen GATA‐binding protein 3 and retinoid‐related orphan receptor γt, as well as the mRNA expression of spleen IL‐4 and IL‐17. These changes induced by OVA were reversed by Lr‐0601. Moreover, Lr‐0601 helped alleviate OVA‐induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. A correlation was found between specific genera and immune‐associated cytokines.CONCLUSIONThe combined results indicate that Lr‐0601 modulated the balance of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 in OVA‐sensitized mice, which was associated with the regulation of immune‐related transcription factors and gut microbiota. Lr‐0601 can potentially be used as a probiotic for preventing immune‐related diseases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Phylum‐level diversity of the microbiome of the extremophilic basidiomycete fungus Pisolithus arhizus (Scop.) Rauschert: An island of biodiversity in a thermal soil desert
Authors: Cullings Ken , Stott Matthew B. , Marinkovich Nicole , DeSimone Julia , Bhardwaj Shilpa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe used high‐throughput DNA sequencing methods combined with bio‐geochemical profiles to characterize the internal environment and community structure of the microbiome of the basidiomycete fungus Pisolithus arhizus (Scop.) Rauschert from soils within a geothermal feature of Yellowstone National Park. Pisolithus arhizus is unique in that it forms closed fruiting bodies that sequester visible sulfur within. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis demonstrates that the P. arhizus fruiting body also concentrates copper, manganese, nickel, and zinc and contains pure granular silica. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis indicates an environment rich in hydrocarbons. Oxygen probe analysis reveals that zones of up to 4× atmospheric oxygen exist within nanometers of zones of near anoxia. Analysis of microbial community structure using high‐throughput DNA sequencing methods shows that the fruiting body supports a microbiome that reflects the physiochemical environment of the fruiting body. Diversity and richness measures indicate a microbiome that is significantly richer and more diverse than that of the soils in which P. arhizus grows. Further, P. arhizus sporocarps are enriched significantly in Proteobacteria (primarily Burkholderia) Gemmatimonadetes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Nitrospirae, Elusimicrobia, and Latescibacteria (WS3) while soils are enriched in Actinobacteria (primarily Mycobacterium), Dormibacteraeota (AD3), and Eremiobacteraeota (WPS‐2). Finally, pairwise % similarity comparisons indicate that P. arhizus harbors two lineages that may represent new groups in the candidate phylum radiation (CPR). Together, these results demonstrate that P. arhizus provides a novel environment for microbiome studies and provides for interesting hypotheses regarding the evolution, origins, and functions of symbioses and novel microbes.