bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
روش‌های کاهش ضایعات بعد از رفع حاصل میوه انگور است
Authors: محمدی محمد روکی 
Published: December 2024

انگور بزرگ‌ترین محصول زراعتی افغانستان می‌باشد. انگور دارای 79 درصد آب، 14 درصد قندهای مختلف، منرال‌ها و مجموعه‌ای از عناصر و ترکیبات سودمند است. همچنین، انگور دارای ویتامین‌های A، B، C، و D می‌باشد. ضایعات محصولات زراعتی یکی از چالش‌های جدی اکثر کشورها، به ویژه کشورهای در حال توسعه است. این مقاله، که با روش مطالعه‌ی مروری و با استفاده از اسناد کتابخانه‌ای و مقالات تحقیقی تدوین شده است، روش‌های کاهش ضایعات بعد از رفع حاصل میوه‌ی انگور را بررسی می‌کند که نقش مهمی در کاهش ضایعات پس از برداشت، حفظ کیفیت، اشتغال‌زایی، و تأمین خودکفایی دارد. میوه‌جات از جمله مهم‌ترین محصولاتی هستند که نقش قابل توجهی در تأمین نیاز غذایی انسان دارند. این دسته از محصولات به دلیل داشتن مقدار زیاد آب، سریع‌تر خراب شده و در دوره‌ی پس از برداشت، بخش عمده‌ای از آنها (5 تا 50 درصد) از بین می‌روند. عملیات برداشت، جابه‌جایی محصول در مزرعه، حمل‌ونقل، و سایر مراحل، تأثیر چشمگیری بر پوسیدگی پس از برداشت و افزایش ضایعات میوه‌ها دارند. آسیب‌های مکانیکی واردشده به محصول هنگام برداشت و پس از آن، عوامل فیزیولوژیکی و محیطی، و آلودگی‌های ناشی از عوامل میکروبی و بیولوژیکی از مهم‌ترین دلایل ضایعات پس از برداشت در میوه‌ها و سبزی‌ها به شمار می‌آیند. برای کاهش ضایعات بعد از رفع حاصل میوه‌ی انگور، می‌توان از راهبردهای مختلفی استفاده کرد، از جمله تغذیه‌ی مناسب و عملیات زراعتی قبل از برداشت، انجام عملیات مناسب در جریان برداشت، و اجرای اقدامات مطلوب پس از برداشت نظیر سردسازی اولیه و دفع حرارت مزرعه، استفاده از وسایل پاک و مناسب، بسته‌بندی صحیح، و ذخیره و انتقال مناسب به بازار.
Non-obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: You Yixian , Pei Xiong , Jiang Wei , Zeng Qingmin , Bai Lang , Zhou Taoyou , Lv Xiaoju , Tang Hong , Wu Dongbo 
Published: December 2024

Background
Data on risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) between non-obese and obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are limited. We aimed to reveal the risk difference of incident CKD between non-obese and obese NAFLD patients.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for studies which reported the incidence of CKD in non-obese and obese NAFLD from inception to 10 March 2024. The primary and secondary outcomes were pooled. Subgroup analysis was used to examine the heterogeneity.

Results
A total of 15 studies were incorporated. The incidence of CKD in non-obese and obese NAFLD were 1,450/38,720 (3.74%) and 3,067/84,154 (3.64%), respectively. Non-obese NAFLD patients had a comparable risk of CKD as obese NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] 0.92, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] [0.72–1.19], I2 = 88%). No differences in estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum creatinine between non-obese and obese NAFLD were found. The mean differences (MD) and 95% CI were 0.01 [−0.02 to 0.04] and 0.50 [−0.90 to 1.90], respectively. In subgroup analyses, non-obese NAFLD had higher eGFR when diagnosed with ultrasound (MD 1.45, 95% CI [0.11–2.79], I2 = 21%). Non-obese NAFLD had higher creatinine in non-Asian (MD 0.06, 95% CI [0.01–0.11], I2 = 55%) and when taking BMI > 30 as the criterion for obesity (MD 0.06, 95% CI [0.00–0.12], I2 = 76%). The occurrence of CKD did not differ when non-obese NAFLD were categorized into overweight and normal-weight types.

Conclusions
Non-obese NAFLD patients experienced the same risk of CKD compared to obese NAFLD.
Nutritional and Antinutritional Evaluation of the Pulp and Seed of Terminalia catappa l. (Tropical Almond) Fruit and Physicochemical Properties of Its Seed Oil
Authors: Etame Neola Ntube Ekaney , Ambebe Titus Fondo , Ngwasiri Pride Ndasi , Tiencheu Bernard 
Published: December 2024

Aims: This study aimed at determining the nutritional and antinutritional composition of the pulp and seeds as well as physicochemical characteristics of the seed oil of Terminalia catappa L. (tropical almond).
Methodology: The analyses were done in the Agroecology and life science laboratory of the University of Buea between June 2023 and May 2024. The experimental design was employed. Oil was extracted using soxhlet method. UV-visible spectrophotometer was used for nutritional and antinutritinal analyses; while gas chromatography and titrimetry were used to analyse the fatty acid profile and physicochemical properties of the seed oil respectively.
Results: Results revealed that the seeds recorded more concentrated energy (596.28 Kcal/100g) than the pulps (403.42 Kcal/100g). Total phenolic (133.70 ± 0.15 mg/100g), tannin (77.90 ± 0.01 mg/100g), oxalate (15.01 ± 0.01 mg/100g) and phytic acid (2.81 ± 0.06 mg/100g) contents were displayed by the pulp and 29.70 ± 0.25, 18.00 ± 0.07, 20.92 ± 0.07 and 1.88 ± 0.01 mg/100g, respectively for seeds. The abundant minerals in the pulp were K, Ca, Na, and P, those in the seeds were Mg, K, P and Fe. The Acid value, Saponification value, Iodine value, Peroxide value and P-anisdine value of the seed oil were 2.24 ± 1.16 mgKOH/g, 222.2 ± 3.11 mgKOH/g, 78.50 ± 0.54 gI2/100g, 5.50 ± 0.71 mEq/kg and 3.65 ± 0.23, respectively. Fatty acid profiling showed 66.68% unsaturated fatty acids of which 19.86% and 9.81% were linoleic and linolenic, respectively and 33.32% saturated.
Conclusion: The pulps and seeds of T. catappa have a significantly high content of macro and micronutrients that can meet up the nutritional needs of a population and the quality assessment of the oil suggests that it can be recommended as suitable for industrial usage.
Boosting H2 Generation Coupled with Selective Oxidation of Methanol into Value‐Added Chemical over Cobalt Hydroxide@Hydroxysulfide Nanosheets Electrocatalysts
Authors: Xiang Kun , Wu Dan , Deng Xiaohui , Li Mei , Chen Shanyong , Hao Panpan , Guo Xuefeng , Luo Jing‐Li , Fu Xian‐Zhu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the main bottleneck for the electrocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen (H2), and the by‐product is worthless O2. Therefore, designing a thermodynamically favorable oxidation reaction to replace OER and coupling with value‐added product generation on the anode is of significance for boosting H2 generation under low electrolysis voltage. Herein, cobalt hydroxide@hydroxysulfide nanosheets on carbon paper (Co(OH)2@HOS/CP) are synthesized as bifunctional electrocatalysts to facilitate H2 production and convert methanol to valuable formate simultaneously. Benefiting from the influences/changes on the composition, surface properties, electronic structure, and chemistry of Co(OH)2, the as‐obtained electrodes exhibit very high selectivity for methanol to value‐added formate oxidation (MFO) and boost electrocatalytic performance with low overpotential of 155 mV for MFO and 148 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the integrated two‐electrode electrolyzer drives 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.497 V with united 100% Faradaic efficiency for anodic and cathodic reaction and continuous 20 h of operation without obvious decay. The electrocatalytic hydrogen production with the assistance of alternative oxidation by the robust electrocatalyst can be further used to realize the upgrading of other organic molecules with less energy consumption.
Advanced Biomaterials and Processing Methods for Liver Regeneration: State‐of‐the‐Art and Future Trends
Authors: da Silva Morais Alain , Vieira Sílvia , Zhao Xinlian , Mao Zhengwei , Gao Changyou , Oliveira Joaquim M. , Reis Rui L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLiver diseases contribute markedly to the global burden of mortality and disease. The limited organ disposal for orthotopic liver transplantation results in a continuing need for alternative strategies. Over the past years, important progress has been made in the field of tissue engineering (TE). Many of the early trials to improve the development of an engineered tissue construct are based on seeding cells onto biomaterial scaffolds. Nowadays, several TE approaches have been developed and are applied to one vital organ: the liver. Essential elements must be considered in liver TE—cells and culturing systems, bioactive agents or growth factors (GF), and biomaterials and processing methods. The potential of hepatocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and others as cell sources is demonstrated. They need engineered biomaterial‐based scaffolds with perfect biocompatibility and bioactivity to support cell proliferation and hepatic differentiation as well as allowing extracellular matrix deposition and vascularization. Moreover, they require a microenvironment provided using conventional or advanced processing technologies in order to supply oxygen, nutrients, and GF. Herein the biomaterials and the conventional and advanced processing technologies, including cell‐sheets process, 3D bioprinting, and microfluidic systems, as well as the future trends in these major fields are discussed.
A Flexible Carbon Nanotube Sen‐Memory Device
Authors: Qu Ting‐Yu , Sun Yun , Chen Mao‐Lin , Liu Zhi‐Bo , Zhu Qian‐Bing , Wang Bing‐Wei , Zhao Tian‐Yang , Liu Chi , Tan Jun , Qiu Song , Li Qing‐Wen , Han Zheng , Wang Wei , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Sun Dong‐Ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn a modern electronics system, charge‐coupled devices and data storage devices are the two most indispensable components. Although there has been rapid and independent progress in their development during the last three decades, a cofunctionality of both sensing and memory at single‐unit level is yet premature for flexible electronics. For wearable electronics that work in ultralow power conditions and involve strains, conventional sensing‐and‐memory systems suffer from low sensitivity and are not able to directly transform sensed information into sufficient memory. Here, a new transformative device is demonstrated, which is called “sen‐memory”, that exhibits the dual functionality of sensing and memory in a monolithic integrated circuit. The active channel of the device is formed by a carbon nanotube thin film and the floating gate is formed by a controllably oxidized aluminum nanoparticle array for electrical‐ and optical‐programming. The device exhibits a high on–off current ratio of ≈106, a long‐term retention of ≈108 s, and durable flexibility at a bending strain of 0.4%. It is shown that the device senses a photogenerated pattern in seconds at zero bias and memorizes an image for a couple of years.
Formation of Semiconducting Supramolecular Fullerene Aggregates in a Dipeptide Organogel
Authors: Chakraborty Priyadarshi , Ji Wei , Rahmany Stav , Etgar Lioz , Gazit Ehud 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe formation of nanostructured fullerene aggregate inside supramolecular gels is a topic of great interest because of the potential applications of these nanostructures in photoelectronics. Gel phase facilitates the aggregation of fullerene by restricting the movement of solvent molecules, thereby increasing the local fullerene concentration. Herein, the supramolecular nanostructure formation of fullerene (C60) in a minimalistic dipeptide (diphenylalanine, FF) organogel is reported. The resulting composite FF/Fullerene gels exhibit improved mechanical properties and semiconductivity. While fullerene nanostructures do not disturb the FF aggregation pattern, they adhere to the FF fibers via non‐covalent interaction. Morphological analysis reveals the presence of spherical clusters and nanorods of fullerene attached to the dipeptide fibers. The composite gel with highest fullerene concentration exhibits linear current–voltage response with a current magnitude of ≈0.3 nA. Moreover, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is incorporated in the FF/Fullerene system yielding tri‐hybrid donor–acceptor gels which exhibit photoresponsive conductivity. Therefore, the FF/Fullerene and the tri‐hybrid gel have interesting properties, and holds significant promise toward photoelectronic device applications.
A Single‐Step Hot Embossing Process for Integration of Microlens Arrays in Biodegradable Substrates for Improved Light Extraction of Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Jürgensen Nils , Fritz Benjamin , Mertens Adrian , Tisserant Jean‐Nicolas , Kolle Mathias , Gomard Guillaume , Hernandez‐Sosa Gerardo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntegration of light management solutions relying on biodegradable materials in organic light‐emitting devices could assist the development of sustainable light sources or conformable and wearable display technology. Using industrially relevant processing techniques, it is shown that microlens arrays can be seamlessly integrated into flexible and biodegradable cellulose diacetate substrates to facilitate extraction of the trapped substrate modes in light‐emitting electrochemical cells. The substrates are patterned for light extraction and optimized for scalable printing processes in a single step by thermally embossing microlenses with polydimethylsiloxane molds on one substrate surface and simultaneous flattening of the other. Furthermore, by implementing the biopolymer substrate with microlens arrays, the total volume fraction of biodegradable materials in the microlense equipped device is 99.94%. The embossed microstructures on the biopolymer substrates are investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy and the angular light extraction profile of the devices is measured and compared to ray tracing simulations. Light‐emitting electrochemical cells with integrated microlens array substrates achieve an efficiency enhancement factor of 1.45, exceeding conventional organic light‐emitting diodes on glass substrates with laminated microlens arrays (enhancement factor of 1.23).
Bottom‐Gate Approach for All Basic Logic Gates Implementation by a Single‐Type IGZO‐Based MOS Transistor with Reduced Footprint
Authors: Qi Shaocheng , Cunha Joao , Guo Tian‐Long , Chen Peiqin , Proietti Zaccaria Remo , Dai Mingzhi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLogic functions are the key backbone in electronic circuits for computing applications. Complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) logic gates, with both n‐type and p‐type channel transistors, have been to date the dominant building blocks of logic circuitry as they carry obvious advantages over other technologies. Important physical limits are however starting to arise, as the transistor‐processing technology has begun to meet scaling‐down difficulties. To address this issue, there is the crucial need for a next‐generation electronics era based on new concepts and designs. In this respect, a single‐type channel multigate MOS transistor (SMG‐MOS) is introduced holding the two important aspects of processing adaptability and low static dissipation of CMOS. Furthermore, the SMG‐MOS approach strongly reduces the footprint down to 40% or even less area needed for current CMOS logic function in the same processing technology node. Logic NAND, NOT, AND, NOR, and OR gates, which typically require a large number of CMOS transistors, can be realized by a single SMG‐MOS transistor. Two functional examples of SMG‐MOS are reported here with their analysis based both on simulations and experiments. The results strongly suggest that SMG‐MOS can represent a facile approach to scale down complex integrated circuits, enabling design flexibility and production rates ramp‐up.
Specific Binding of a d‐RNA G‐Quadruplex Structure with an l‐RNA Aptamer
Authors: Chan Chun‐Yin , Kwok Chun Kit 
Published: January 2020

AbstractG‐quadruplex (G4) structures are of general importance in chemistry and biology, such as in biosensing, gene regulation, and cancers. Although a large repertoire of G4‐binding tools has been developed, no aptamer has been developed to interact with G4. Moreover, the G4 selectivity of current toolkits is very limited. Herein, we report the first l‐RNA aptamer that targets a d‐RNA G‐quadruplex (rG4). Using TERRA rG4 as an example, our results reveal that this l‐RNA aptamer, Ap3‐7, folds into a unique secondary structure, exhibits high G4 selectivity and effectively interferes with TERRA‐rG4–RHAU53 binding. Our approach and findings open a new door in further developing G4‐specific tools for diverse applications.
Ein hexagonal planarer Metallkomplex
Authors: Tauchert Michael E. , Okuda Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEin sechsfach koordinierter Übergangsmetallkomplex vom [ML3Z3]‐Typ mit einer hexagonal‐planaren Geometrie wurde isoliert und charakterisiert. Hierdurch wurde der bisherige Spielraum sechsfach koordinierter Metallkoordinationsverbindungen erweitert, der sich bisher auf oktaedrische und trigonal‐prismatische Geometrien beschränkte.
Isothiourea‐Catalyzed Atropselective Acylation of Biaryl Phenols via Sequential Desymmetrization/Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Munday Elizabeth S. , Grove Markas A. , Feoktistova Taisiia , Brueckner Alexander C. , Walden Daniel M. , Young Claire M. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Campbell Andrew D. , Cheong Paul Ha‐Yeon , Smith Andrew D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAxially chiral phenols are attractive targets in organic synthesis. This motif is central to many natural products and widely used as precursors to, or directly, as chiral ligands and catalysts. Despite their utility few simple catalytic methods are available for their synthesis in high enantiopurity. Herein the atropselective acylation of a range of symmetric biaryl diols is investigated using isothiourea catalysis. Studies on a model biaryl diol substrate shows that the high product er observed in the process is a result of two successive enantioselective reactions consisting of an initial enantioselective desymmetrization coupled with a second chiroablative kinetic resolution. Extension of this process to a range of substrates, including a challenging tetraorthosubstituted biaryl diol, led to highly enantioenriched products (14 examples, up to 98:2 er), with either HyperBTM or BTM identified as the optimal catalyst depending upon the substitution pattern within the substrate. Computation has been used to understand the factors that lead to high enantiocontrol in this process, with maintenance of planarity to maximize a 1,5‐S⋅⋅⋅O interaction within the key acyl ammonium intermediate identified as the major feature that determines atropselective acylation and thus product enantioselectivity.
A Nano‐shield Design for Separators to Resist Dendrite Formation in Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Liang Jie , Chen Qiyuan , Liao Xiangbiao , Yao Pengcheng , Zhu Bin , Lv Guangxin , Wang Xinyu , Chen Xi , Zhu Jia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLithium dendrite growth during repeated charge and discharge cycles of lithium‐metal anodes often leads to short‐circuiting by puncturing the porous separator. Here, a morphological design, the nano‐shield, for separators to resist dendrites is presented. Through both mechanical analysis and experiment, it is revealed that the separator protected by the nano‐shield can effectively inhibit the penetration of lithium dendrites owing to the reduced stress intensity generated and therefore mitigate the short circuit of Li metal batteries. More than 110 h of lithium plating life is achieved in cell tests, which is among the longest cycle life of lithium metal anode and five times longer than that of blank separators. This new aspect of morphological and mechanical design not only provides an alternative pathway for extending lifetime of lithium metal anodes, but also sheds light on the role of separator engineering for various electrochemical energy storage devices.
Compromising Science by Ignorant Instrument Calibration—Need to Revisit Half a Century of Published XPS Data
Authors: Greczynski Grzegorz , Hultman Lars 
Published: January 2020

AbstractX‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is an indispensable technique in modern materials science for the determination of chemical bonding as evidenced by more than 10 000 XPS papers published annually. A literature survey reveals that in the vast majority of cases an incorrect referencing of the binding energy scale is used, neglecting warnings that have been formulated from the early days of the technique. Consequences for the data reliability are disastrous and decades of XPS work require revisiting. The purpose of this Viewpoint is to highlight the existing problems, review the criticism and suggest ways forward.
Biomimetic complexes‐graphene composites for redox processes
Authors: Mahyari Mojtaba , Hooshmand Seyyed Emad , Sepahvand Heshmatollah , Gavgani Jaber Nasrollah , Hosseini Seyed Ghorban 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBiomimetic complexes such as porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and hemins show promising catalytic activities in redox processes. Donor‐acceptor hybrids of these biomimetic macrocyclic complexes with graphene as one of the most critical allotropes of carbon are currently an outstanding scientific frontier. Notably, the composites that consist of these efficient and bio‐inspiring complexes anchored on the surface of the graphene and their widespread applications have gained ever‐increasing interest in the last decade, which expresses their efficiency in practice. Accordingly, this review covers the current status of biomimetic complexes‐graphene composites with particular emphasis on significant signs of their synthesis and characterization also highlighted applications of these composites in academia and industrial redox processes such as oxidation of organic compounds, epoxidation, oxygen reduction reactions, CO2reduction, and hydrogen evolution reactions.
Identification of FerLCH, isolation of ferritin and functional analysis related to interaction with pathogens in Eri‐silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini
Authors: Yang Li‐Ang , Wang Jie , Toufeeq Shahzad , Zhu Lin‐Bao , Zhang Shang‐Zhi , You Ling‐Ling , Hu Pei , Yu Hai‐Zhong , Zhao Kang , Xu Xin , Xu Jia‐Ping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFerritin is a ubiquitous and conserved iron storage protein that plays a significant role in host detoxification, iron storage, and immune response. Although ferritin has been studied in many species, little is known about its role in the Eri‐silkworm (Samia cynthia ricini). In this study, the ferritin light‐chain subunit gene, named ScFerLCH, was identified from S. c. ricini. The full‐length gene, ScFerLCH, was 1,155 bp and encoded a protein consisting of 231 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 26.38 kDa. Higher ScFerLCH expression levels were found in the midgut, silk gland, and fat body by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Injection of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa could induce upregulation of ScFerLCH in the hemolymph, fat body, and midgut, indicating that ScFerLCH may contribute to the host defense against invading pathogens. In addition, the native ferritin protein was isolated from S. c. ricini by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its two subunits, ferritin heavy‐chain subunit (ScFerHCH) and ferritin light‐chain subunit (ScFerLCH), were identified by mass spectrometry. Specifically, we found that recombinant ferritin subunits could self‐assemble into a protein complex in vitro; moreover, both recombinant subunits and the protein complex were found to bind different bacteria, including Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. However, bactericidal tests showed that the protein complex could not inhibit the growth of bacteria directly. Taken together, our results suggest that ScFerritin might play an important role in mediating molecular interaction with pathogens.