bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Neo-Deterministic Seismic Hazard map (NDSHA) of Sumatra compared with official 2010 and 2017 derived from PSHA method
Authors: Irwandi I , Umar M , Khaizal J , Asrurifak M , Usama F , Ridwan M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Typical seismic hazard problem lies on determination of ground motion characteristics associated with future earthquakes. Strong ground motion characteristics such as Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) is important information for engineers in order to provide earthquake resistant building. The Indonesian government has provided update of maps of PGA by released a series official PSHA (Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment) maps in 1978, 2002, 2010 and 2017. On the other hand, the NDSHA (Neo-Deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment) method has been developed and successfully applied to Sumatra. Because of the availability of numerical PGA data for the official PSHA 2010 and 2017, this paper discusses the comparison of PGA between derived from NDSHA and that of official PSHA updated in 2010 and 2017. The spatial resolution of the PGA digital map of PSHA is 0.01 degree and NDSHA is 0.1 degree. Due to the different resolution, a program and a script are developed to incorporate PSHA data into the NDSHA data points by performing interpolation procedure. The comparison results show the PGA of PSHA 2017 is significantly greater than PGA PSHA 2010. However, the PGA values of the 2017 PSHA map are lower than that of PSHA 2010 such as along the Sumatran fault in Central and South Sumatra. The PGA values estimated by using standard NDSHA with 10 Hz cut-off is higher than those of the computed PGA from PSHA at PE (Probability of Exceeding) of 2% in 50 year for official map released in 2010 and 2017. For comparison with PE of 2% in 50 year, the near field NDSHA gives the PGA value greater than that of the PSHA; and for the far field sources. This means the NDSHA calculation for Sumatra gives reasonable results based on the adopted magnitude distance threshold. This is due to the fact that the standard NDSHA is based on the realistic physical simulation of the seismic wave propagation. The comparison between the PGA computed based on the proposed enhanced version of NDSHA and PSHA shows that the updated version gives the same values at near field and lower values at the far sites; whereas the standard one gives a higher value in NDSHA, which in turn gives a higher PGA value for the near and far field sources.
Influence of Desert Sand and Cooling Regime on the Compressive Strength of High Strength Concrete after High Temperatures
Authors: Zhang M H , Liu H F , Tian S , Ma Y C , Doh S I 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An experimental investigation is conducted to analyze the influence of desert sand replacement ratio and cooling regime on the compressive strength of desert sand-based high strength concrete (DS-HSC). According to the design of experiment, six desert sand replacement ratios (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) are employed to concrete mixture. DS-HSCs are subjected to two cooling regimes (air cooling and water cooling) and various temperatures (20°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C and 850°C, respectively) in this paper. The results indicate that the compressive strength of DS-HSC with air cooling is higher than that with water cooling. Moreover, the highest compressive strength appears with the desert sand replacement ratio of 20%. The compressive strength of DS-HSC gradually decreases with the increase of desert sand replacement ratio when the desert sand replacement ratio is more than 20%.
Stability and Resilient Modulus of Porous Asphalt Incorporating Steel Fiber
Authors: Radzi N A M , Masri K A , Ramadhansyah P J , Jasni N E , Arshad A K , Ahmad J , Mashros N , Yaacob H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Porous Asphalt (PA) is known as a highly permeable asphalt surface that design to be permeable pavements for stormwater control and reduce the stormwater runoff. However, the structure is subjected to damage from cracking, rutting, stripping, and rapid aging under the effects of repeated vehicle loading, hot climates, and heavy rainfall. To overcome this, PA needs to modify using high tensile strength like steel fiber. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the performance of PA with the addition of steel fiber and overcome the issue that is related to PA. A mixture contains varying percentages of steel fiber were assessed to check which samples gives the best performance as per the requirement by using laboratory tests which are LA Abrasion, Resilient Modulus, Marshall Stability, and Density. The results show that the additions of 0.6% steel fiber give the lowest value of abrasion, while 0.5% fiber content contributes the highest value of Resilient Modulus and Marshall Stability respectively. PA mixtures modified with steel fiber produce the performance enhancement of PA as a road surfacing material. It is concluded that the asphalt mixtures containing steel fibers could increase the stability and strength of the mix.
Incorporation of Risk Index for Risk Response and Risk Mitigation Strategies of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Housing Construction Project in Malaysia
Authors: Razi P Z , Ali M I , Ramli N I 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The present work attempt to derive a risk index that causing performance failures among Public-private partnership (PPP) housing construction project, and to propose a risk response and monitoring strategy based on the risk index obtained. A total of thirty-three (33) respondent involved in the PPP housing construction assessing the risk elements employing the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Findings reveal that among the risks that were captured for high to extreme risks (0.100 < RI ⩽ 0.150) are geologic hazard risk (0.125), and inflation and interest rate risk (0.116) whereas strategy proposed for both of the extreme risks are avoiding the risk and it best to be assigned the risks to the private sector. On contrary, results for moderate risks captured with unreliable value for money (0.066), fluctuation in currency exchange rate (0.058), absence of transparency and accountability during procurement process (0.084), absence of robust and clear agreement (0.077), unforeseen ground condition (0.058) and shortage of technical expertise (0.054) the strategy advocated for the moderate risk is to transfer the risks and shared within both parties i.e. public and private. Eventually, low risks occupied within the risk index of (0.000 < RI ⩽ 0.050) are financial incapacity if private partners (0.034), weak state intervention (0.039), persistent land acquisition (0.039), insufficient capacity in procurement and negotiation (0.035), frequent design change (0.039), design over specification (0.023), poor quality workmanship (0.029), absence of specific PPP framework (0.046) and inadequate PPP skills and knowledge leading to poor planning (0.043) all the risks best to accept and retained within the public sectors. Taken together, the development of risk response and risk mitigation plan that emerged from the risk index offered significant contribution which has gain a new understanding that risks with severe or low exposure can be reduced or avoided taking into account its strategic and effective response and mitigation approaches.
Methodological Study to Classification of Damage State Immediately Subsequent to the Banjarnegara Indonesia Earthquake On 2018
Authors: Bawono A S , Ali M I , Kusumadewi S , Ramli N I 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a preliminary methodological study of a seismic risk assessment in a residential area to classification of damage state immediately subsequent after earthquake happen. This paper compared with difference research of a seismic risk assessment in the same area, i.e. Kertosari, Banjarnegara Indonesia. This methodological study to identified compatibility of the building vulnerability assessment with Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) method for determine the probability of damage that has 5 different damage statuses (slight, moderate, extensive, complete and none), where the criteria damage states in vulnerable building has additional damage parameters based on the latest building damage regulations issued in 2013, which have totally 104 data difference criteria. The results from determine the probability of damage processing using the NBC methodology in Kertosari Banjarnegara that most type of damage states is extensive damage. There is a difference with 2018 research data, where the most damage state is the moderate damage, and there is also a difference with the Banjarnegara Municipal Disaster Management Authority (BPBD Banjarnegara) data, which has the most damage state is the complete damage. The difference is caused by the criteria in determining the damage conditions are still too general and the uncertainty value is high. Therefore, it is necessary to improve and detailed the building type model and damaged condition criteria for Indonesian buildings, based on the assessment and suggestion of experts who have good and long experience in earthquake risk management and understand the state of damage to Indonesian building regulations, such as: (1) researchers/scientists; (2) small and medium-sized contractors; (3) construction supervisors; (4) government officials; (5) business leaders; (6) academics/educators; (7) non-governmental organizations, in order to obtain an assessment of damage to residential houses quickly and accurately.
Strength Properties of Porous Concrete Pavement Blended with Nano Black Rice Husk Ash
Authors: Ramadhansyah P J , Masri K A , Mangi S A , Mohd Yusak M I , Hainin M R , Mohd Warid M N , Mashros N , Yaacob H , Mohd Haziman W I 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In order to improve the porous concrete pavement strength, one of the elements in the porous concrete structure that needs to be considered is the cement paste binder. This study aimed to evaluate the strength properties of porous concrete pavement blended with nanoparticle from black rice husk ash (BRHA). The performance was evaluated based on compressive strength, density, age of curing and strength activity index. Four nano BRHA replacement levels were considered in the study, i.e. 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight of cement. Test results showed that porous concrete pavement containing 10% nano BRHA replacement levels exhibits excellent compressive strength and strength activity index. The results also indicate that there is no significant correlation between density of the porous concrete pavement and compressive strength.
The effects of bottom ash in coastal sand
Authors: Youventharan D , Rokiah O , Arif S M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the construction industry, breakage of sand particles is very common especially at the very early stage of the pile driving work. The breakage of sand particles will result in change of size spectrum and alter its engineering properties. In this research, the effectiveness of bottom ash in improving the engineering properties of crushed sandy soil was studied. The bottom ash of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% was added into the sand and crushed with 500 and 1000 blows under the Automatic Compactor machine. The engineering properties of different proportion of bottom ash mixture before crushing and after crushing with 500 and 1000 blows were tested. The engineering properties which were measured include the coefficient of uniformity, breakage index, fouling index, permeability and bearing capacity. Results show that adding of bottom ash into the crushable sand improved the load bearing capacity. By adding 20% of bottom ash, the bearing capacity of the crushed sandy soil can be improved by 55% meanwhile the permeability of the sandy soil can be improved by 200%.
Effect of Dried Sewage Sludge on Compressive Strength of Concrete
Authors: Amminudin A L , Ramadhansyah P J , Doh S I , Mangi S A , Mohd Haziman W I 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sewage sludge is a waste product generated from the wastewater treatment process at the treatment plant. The amount of sewage sludge produced is increases every year as the population increased. Poor management of sewage sludge will give negative impact to the environment. Replacing cement with sewage sludge ash is more significant to reduce the amount of waste material from sewage treatment plants. In this study, the various percentage of dried sewage sludge (DSS) has been added to replace the cement. Sewage sludge was dried in the oven with 100°C for 24 hours, then sieve through the sieve size 300 µm. Then, DSS was used in the concrete instead of cement with the replacement percentage of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight. The compressive strength of concrete cube specimens was investigated after 7 and 28 days of curing. The results showed that the compressive strength of concrete specimens increased with the replacement of cement in concrete with 5 % to 10 % DSS, but the achieved maximum strength still lower compared to the control sample. However, the compressive strength of concrete specimens decreased when the DSS replacement of cement is more than 10 % by weight. The result of XRF test also showed that DSS has good potential to replace cement in concrete.
Strength of Concrete Containing Synthetic Wire Waste as Fiber Materials
Authors: Khalid F S , Saaidin S H , Shahidan S , Othman N H , Guntor N A A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The demand of concrete in construction field is growing as linear with the growing of Malaysia economy. This tendency is expected to continue in the year ahead because of improvement in technology. This study tends to determine the performance of concrete containing synthetic wire waste as fiber materials. In addition, the use of wire waste as fiber materials can reduce the amount of waste dumped into landfills. The increasing amount of wire waste which is uncontrollable may lead to environment issue. Until today there is no researchers have done the studies on performance of concrete containing synthetic wire waste as fiber materials. Therefore, an action is made to overcome the environmental problems by using wire waste as fiber materials in concrete mixture. The amount of wire waste added into concrete mixture are limited to 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% respectively. Other than that, water cement ratio that used is 0.55. The test that involve in this study is workability, density, compressive strength and tensile strength tests. The compressive strength test carried at the ages of 7 and 28 days and for tensile strength test were carried at ages of 28 days. The result was compared with control mix and the optimum percentage value of using wire waste as fiber materials in concrete was 0.5% for both compressive and tensile strength test. Concrete contains 0.5% of wire waste. These mix shows significant increases about 24.4% and 42.7% increases for compressive and tensile strength respectively, compared to the normal concrete.
Effect of Lightweight Aggregates on early-age behavior of High Performance Concrete
Authors: Higazey M , Shannag M J , Alaskar A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of locally available natural lightweight aggregates (LWA’s) on volume changes and mechanical properties of highperformance concrete (HPC). The normal aggregates fraction of high-performance concrete was replaced with fine and coarse LWA’s at three different replacement levels, 5%, 10% and 20% by volume. The test results indicated a significant reduction in the autogenous shrinkage of highperformance concrete at 56 days without a corresponding considerable reduction in compressive strength of the same concretes. The test results have also shown that up to 20% volume fraction of coarse LWA’s could be used for mitigating the volume changes of HPC with a slight reduction in compressive and splitting tensile strengths, and elastic modulus. Therefore, this investigation recommends the use of locally available natural LWA’s as a viable curing technique for minimizing the volume changes and risk of cracking of HPC’s without compromising their mechanical properties.
Influence of varying density on the mechanical and physical properties of Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) containing kenaf
Authors: Ismail Noorli , Mohmed Jomali Muhammad Azzim , Abu Bakar Hasniza , Yean Ghing Tong , Zaini Nik Soh Nik Mohd , Aimi Mohd Azam Raden Maizatul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Generally, Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) is made from rubberwood, wood fiber and pine wood with combination of non-woody plant and agricultural residues in producing furniture and laminated floor. The usage of kenaf as main production of MDF had attracted attentions from researchers due to its anatomy of physicals and high content of organic compound namely are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Due to these advantages, kenaf showed the huge potential in producing MDF with the bigger scale of production. In present study, nine (9) panel boards of MDF with sizes of 350 (length) x 350 (width) x 12 (thickness) in millimetres were fabricated based on three (3) different target densities started from 0.7 g/cm3 to 0.8 g/cm3. A total of three (3) samples for each target density were prepared for the measurements. The proportion of 65:15 which was described as ratio of kenaf particles to urea formaldehyde (UF) were selected and measured from the total volume of panel board. Testing of Modulus of Rupture (MOR), Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), Internal Bonding (IB) and Thickness Swelling (TS) were conducted in the present study. All measurements were carried out according to the BS EN 310:1993, BS EN 319:1993 and BS EN 317:1993. Results showed the increment of MOR, MOE and decrement of IB and TS were associated with increment of target density. Thus, target density of 0.8 g/cm3 for MDF is the best selection due to high MOR and MOE and low IB and TS corresponding to other two (2) target densities. The decrement of panel thickness also capable to achieve high density associated with high MOR and MOE. Therefore, the significant outcome shows the kenaf plant have the potential as alternative material to produce the Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF).
Mechanical Properties of Single Shear Plane of Bolted Steel Connection
Authors: Kamarudin A F , Musa M K , Mokhatar S N , Tuan Chik T N , Mohd Zuki S S , Abu Bakar A , Hadipramana J , Ahmad Johari H H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A 5-storey portable steel tower based on prefabricated frame concept has been built in Jamilus Research Centre, UTHM. It is now undergoing laboratory testing for static and dynamic performance. In this study, the mechanical properties of the connections were investigated via their connection condition between elements (beam and column) and connectors. The frame elements were designed based on S275 steel grade of 77 mm x 77 mm hollow section with 3 mm thickness, and 8 mm thickness of connectors’ plate. The connection was subjected to single shear plane action which fastened by bolts. Mild steel (grade 4.6) and high tension (grade 8.8) bolts with 10 mm diameter size were used. Shear, bearing and tensile strengths of the bolts and steel plates were determined via tension testing using 50 tonnes of Universal Testing Machine (UTM). From the results, all bolts and steel plates have satisfied the design strengths requirement of 640 N/mm2 (high tension bolt), 240 N/mm2 (mild steel bolt) and 275 N/mm2 as required by EN 1993-1-8. Meanwhile the ultimate shear force of bolts was found within ranges of 25% (high tension) and 12.5% (mild steel) from their respective ultimate tensile force. Bearing failure was occurred at bolt hole of 3 mm thickness of steel plate but only when it was fastened to high tension bolt. No bearing failure occurred when mild steel bolt was used. It has proven that all bolt spacing and edges distances were sufficient, without tearing failure observed in all testing. Finally, the permissible bearing resistance were checked based on the ratio of experiment against the EN 1993-1-8 relationships, when it has shown to satisfaction if the value is less than 1 as recommended by previous researcher.
Vibration Test on Existing Steel Sheet Pile
Authors: Abdul Kudus Sakhiah , Sugiura Kunitomo , Suzuki Yasuo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A thorough understanding about the vibration of a structure is essential to resolve any vibration problems. In this study, the vibration measurement was conducted on a real plate structure, which is steel sheet pile. The monitored structures are located in Rokkenya-gawa river and Aji-gawa river in Osaka City, Japan. The purpose of this investigation is to obtain information about the overview conditions of this marine structure. A simple vibration measurement as well as thickness measurement have been conducted. There is no serious damage was observed on the monitored structure.
Preliminary Study on Modified Foamed Concrete-Filled Hollow Section under Cyclic Load
Authors: Azra Khairuddin Siti Amirah , Abd Rahman Norashidah , Luqman Rossam Mohd , Nazirah Mustafa Anis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The use of green materials has become a hot topic for discussion in steel construction. Foamed concrete is a green and lightweight material used in concrete mix. The use of foamed concrete as a fill in steel construction has been discussed by many researchers. However, the performance of foamed concrete under cyclic load has not been evaluated. Therefore, this study employed a modified foamed concrete-filled hollow section under cyclic load to determine the performance of concrete-filled hollow section under cyclic load. The modified foamed concrete consists of foamed concrete added with rice hush ash and fibre. Different types of fibres (steel and polypropylene fibres) were utilised. Results showed that the concrete-filled hollow section with steel fibre slightly improved the strength and ductility of the hollow section.
The influence of the stakeholders’ perspective for the performance measurement in local authorities
Authors: Rahmat N , Nawawi A H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This research constructs a performance evaluation of the influence of stakeholders’ perspective on the performance measurement in the local authorities. The stakeholders’ perspective has been proven as one of the main factors that influence higher rating on the performance measurement in many public organizations including the local authorities. However, very little attention has been paid towards the attributes of the stakeholders’ perspective that affecting the performance measurement in the local authorities. This research focused on the elements that contribute on the stakeholders’ perspective from the Balanced Scorecard’s perspective and Multi-Criteria Decision Making tool namely Analytic Network Process (ANP) to acquire the priorities of the attributes for the stakeholders’ perspective. The attributes were used as the performance indicator for performance measurement in the local authorities. There were eight (8) attributes that have been measured in order to acquire the priorities of the attributes in affecting the performance measurement under the stakeholders’ perspective (customer, customer retention, new customer acquisition, customer profitability, community support, employees, management and service providers). From this result, it will provide the management of the local authorities to improve the performance of the local authorities which are meaningful for managerial and improvement purpose in the service delivery towards the public.