bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex‐differential associations between cognitive impairments and white matter abnormalities in first episode and drug‐naïve schizophrenia
Authors: Yang Mi , Gao Shan , Xiong Weisen , Zhang Xiang Yang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimPrevious evidence has suggested that schizophrenia patients may display sex differences in cognitive impairments and cognitive impairments are related to disrupted white matter (WM) microstructure. The current research aims to address the intriguing possibility for the sex‐specific association between cognitive deficits and WM abnormalities in first‐episode and drug‐naïve schizophrenia.MethodsCognitive performance on the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was measured in 39 FEND patients (females:males = 23:16) and 30 healthy controls (females:males = 17:13), together with whole‐brain WM fractional anisotropy (FA) values determined using voxel‐based diffusion tensor imaging. Correlations between cognitive performance and FA values were assessed.ResultsPatients performed significantly worse than healthy controls in the total score and most of the subscores of MCCB. Female patients displayed better cognitive performance than male patients on the Trail Making A Test, the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and the Spatial Span Test in the Wechsler Memory Scale. More importantly, sex‐differential association between cognitive performance and FA values was found in patients, but not in healthy controls. In particular, FA values in the cerebellum were negatively correlated with the continuous performance and digital sequence scores in male patients but positively correlated with the performance on the Spatial Span Test in the Wechsler Memory Scale in female patients.ConclusionsThese findings suggest sex‐specific neurobiological substrates involved in cognitive deficits in early‐onset schizophrenia and have important implications for differentially targeted interventions between males and females.
Daratumumab for relapsed AL amyloidosis—When cumulative real‐world data precedes clinical trials: A multisite study and systematic literature review
Authors: Shragai Tamir , Gatt Moshe , Lavie Noa , Vaxman Iuliana , Tadmor Tamar , Rouvio Ory , Zektser Miri , Horowitz Nethanel , Magen Hila , Ballan Mouna , Suru Celia , Luttwak Efrat , Levi Shai , Ziv‐Baran Tomer , Avivi Irit , Cohen Yael C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesPatients with relapsed/refractory AL amyloidosis (RRAL) have poor prognosis, but emerging data shows promising results with the use daratumumab. We evaluated daratumumab treatment in RRAL in real‐world setting.MethodsA retrospective multisite study of RRAL patients treated with daratumumab alone and in combinations.ResultsForty‐nine patients, diagnosed between 1.1.2008 and 1.2.2018 were included; 27% also had multiple myeloma (MM). Revised Mayo score was ≥ 3 in 67%. Hematologic overall response rate was 81%, 64% achieved very good partial response (VGPR) or better. Concurrent active MM was associated with lower rates of VGPR (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.04‐0.81; P = .03) in a multi‐variate analysis. Cardiac and renal responses were 74% and 73%, respectively. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 28.4 months and median overall survival (OS) was not reached; 2‐year PFS and OS were 68.6 ± 7.5% and 90.4 ± 4.6%, respectively. Hematologic response correlated with prolonged PFS and OS. Daratumumab was safe and well tolerated, no patients discontinued therapy due to toxicity. Our data was aligned with outcomes from a systematic literature review, which identified 10 case series (n = 517) and 2 clinical trials (n = 62) meeting prespecified criteria.ConclusionsOur data support favorable safety tolerability and efficacy of daratumumab among non‐selective RRAL patients in a real‐world setting.
What causes hidradenitis suppurativa ?—15 years after
Authors: Zouboulis Christos C. , Benhadou Farida , Byrd Angel S. , Chandran Nisha S. , Giamarellos‐Bourboulis Evangelos J. , Fabbrocini Gabriella , Frew John W. , Fujita Hideki , González‐López Marcos A. , Guillem Philippe , Gulliver Wayne P. F. , Hamzavi Iltefat , Hayran Yildiz , Hórvath Barbara , Hüe Sophie , Hunger Robert E. , Ingram John R. , Jemec Gregor B.E. , Ju Qiang , Kimball Alexa B. , Kirby Joslyn S. , Konstantinou Maria P. , Lowes Michelle A. , MacLeod Amanda S. , Martorell Antonio , Marzano Angelo V. , Matusiak Łukasz , Nassif Aude , Nikiphorou Elena , Nikolakis Georgios , Nogueira da Costa André , Okun Martin M. , Orenstein Lauren A.V. , Pascual José Carlos , Paus Ralf , Perin Benjamin , Prens Errol P. , Röhn Till A. , Szegedi Andrea , Szepietowski Jacek C. , Tzellos Thrasyvoulos , Wang Baoxi , van der Zee Hessel H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe 14 authors of the first review article on hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) pathogenesis published 2008 in EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY cumulating from the 1st International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Research Symposium held March 30–April 2, 2006 in Dessau, Germany with 33 participants were prophetic when they wrote “Hopefully, this heralds a welcome new tradition: to get to the molecular heart of HS pathogenesis, which can only be achieved by a renaissance of solid basic HS research, as the key to developing more effective HS therapy.” (Kurzen et al. What causes hidradenitis suppurativa? Exp Dermatol 2008;17:455). Fifteen years later, there is no doubt that the desired renaissance of solid basic HS research is progressing with rapid steps and that HS has developed deep roots among inflammatory diseases in Dermatology and beyond, recognized as “the only inflammatory skin disease than can be healed”. This anniversary article of 43 research‐performing authors from all around the globe in the official journal of the European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. (EHSF e.V.) and the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation, Inc (HSF USA) summarizes the evidence of the intense HS clinical and experimental research during the last 15 years in all aspects of the disease and provides information of the developments to come in the near future.
COXIV and SIRT2‐mediated G6PD deacetylation modulate ROS homeostasis to extend pupal lifespan
Authors: Geng Shao‐Lei , Zhang Xiao‐Shuai , Xu Wei‐Hua 
Published: October 2020

Previous studies have shown that high physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain promote pupal diapause, which extends the pupal lifespan. However, the molecular mechanisms of ROS generation are unclear. In this paper, we found that mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) levels in the brains of Helicoverpa armigera diapause‐destined pupae (DP) were higher and that the expression of cytochrome oxidase subunit IV (COXIV) was lower than in NP. In addition, downregulating COXIV caused mitochondrial dysfunction which elevated mtROS levels. Protein kinase A (PKA) was downregulated in DP, which led to the downregulated expression of the mitochondrial transcription factor TFAM. Low TFAM activity failed to promote COXIV expression and resulted in the high ROS levels that induced diapause. In addition, low sirtuin 2 expression suppressed glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deacetylation at K382, which led to reduced G6PD activity and low NADPH levels, thereby maintaining high levels of ROS. Two proteins, COXIV and G6PD, thus play key roles in the elevated accumulation of ROS that induce diapause and extend the pupal lifespan.
Continent‐wide gradients in open‐habitat insectivorous bird declines track spatial patterns in agricultural intensity across Europe
Authors: Reif Jiří , Hanzelka Jan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate spatial gradients in population trends of European birds in relation to their association with farmland, dietary dependence on insects, and the intensity of agricultural practices.LocationEurope.Time period2001–2012.Major taxa studiedBirds.MethodsWe collected population trends for 197 species in 32 European countries. For the same time period, we used agricultural variables (annual yields of five major crops and the per‐hectare application of pesticides and fertilizers) to express the agricultural intensity level (mean values of variables over the years) and intensification rate (slopes of agricultural variables over the years) in each country. We employed spatial generalized additive mixed models accounting for the effects of 11 species' traits and phylogeny to test for spatial gradients in bird population trends in relation to species' associations with farmland and their diet dependence on insects and the interaction of these traits with agricultural intensity levels and intensification rates.ResultsOpen‐habitat insectivores showed the strongest spatial gradient in population trends, from insignificant trends in south‐eastern Europe to steep declines in north‐western Europe. Insectivorous species breeding in semi‐open habitats showed very similar but weaker spatial gradient in trends. More negative bird trends were related to higher mean crop yields and fertilizer amounts across countries, whereas the temporal trends in yields and fertilizer amounts, and the mean and temporal trend in the amount of pesticides, were unrelated to bird declines or showed the opposite patterns.Main conclusionsOur results indicate that high agricultural intensity levels are stronger drivers of spatial gradients in population declines of insectivorous farmland birds than intensification rates. Therefore, approaches to the conservation of farmland birds may differ regionally: introducing more management for birds and insects into highly intensive agriculture in north‐western Europe and preventing further intensification in south‐eastern Europe.
Contrasting environmental preferences of photosynthetic and non‐photosynthetic soil cyanobacteria across the globe
Authors: Cano‐Díaz Concha , Maestre Fernando T. , Eldridge David J. , Singh Brajesh K. , Bardgett Richard D. , Fierer Noah , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimCyanobacteria have shaped the history of life on Earth and continue to play important roles as carbon and nitrogen fixers in terrestrial ecosystems. However, their global distribution and ecological preferences remain poorly understood, particularly for two recently discovered non‐photosynthetic cyanobacterial classes (Sericytochromatia and Melainabacteria).LocationTwo hundred and thirty‐seven locations across six continents encompassing multiple climates (arid, temperate, tropical, continental and polar) and vegetation types (forests, grasslands and shrublands).Time periodSampling was carried out between 2003 and 2015.Major taxa studiedPhotosynthetic and non‐photosynthetic cyanobacterial taxa.MethodsWe conducted a field survey and used co‐occurrence network analysis and structural equation modelling to evaluate the distribution and environmental preferences of soil cyanobacteria across the globe. These ecological preferences were used to create a global atlas (predictive distribution maps) of soil cyanobacteria.ResultsNetwork analyses identified three major groups of cyanobacterial taxa, which resembled the three main cyanobacterial classes: the photosynthetic Oxyphotobacteria‐dominated cluster, which were prevalent in arid and semi‐arid areas, and the non‐photosynthetic Sericytochromatia‐ and Melainabacteria‐dominated clusters, which preferred hyper‐arid oligotrophic and acidic/humid environments, respectively.Main conclusionsThis study provides new insights into the environmental preferences of non‐photosynthetic cyanobacteria in soils globally. Our findings highlight the contrasting environmental preferences among the three clusters of cyanobacteria and suggest that alterations in environmental conditions linked to climate change might result in important changes in the ecology and biogeography of these functionally important microorganisms.
Primary production and habitat stability organize marine communities
Authors: Cramer Alli N. , Katz Stephen L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThe emergence of pattern in the natural world can carry important messages about underlying processes. For example, collections of broadly similar terrestrial ecosystems have historically been categorized as biomes – groupings of systems that sort along energetic and structural process axes. In marine systems however, a similar classification of biomes has not emerged. The aim here is to develop an effective classification scheme for marine biomes and communities.ApproachCandidate predictor variables that could explain pattern and process in differentiating marine communities, such as light, nutrients, depth, etc., were collected from the existing literature with a systematic review. The candidate predictors were then evaluated in an inductive process, allowing community level observations to demonstrate patterns across marine biomes. Marine biomes and communities were identified a priori, and emergent patterns were evaluated quantitatively, via principal component ordination based on the vectors of explanatory predictors, and qualitatively via mapping.ConclusionsGross primary production and substrate mobility not only effectively sort marine biomes, but also work on finer scales discriminating communities within biomes. As a result, these predictors were more effective in classifying marine communities than other scales, such as available light and nutrients. The richness of this classification is also demonstrated in revealing other patterns, such as the distribution of human impacts. The effectiveness of this mapping provides support for, but is not a test of, the hypothesis that primary production and substrate mobility are important underlying processes that interact to structure marine ecosystems.
Interaction between γδTCR signaling and the E protein‐Id axis in γδ T cell development
Authors: Anderson Michele K. , Selvaratnam Johanna S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstractγδ T cells acquire their functional properties in the thymus, enabling them to exert rapid innate‐like responses. To understand how distinct γδ T cell subsets are generated, we have developed a Two‐Stage model for γδ T cell development. This model is predicated on the finding that γδTCR signal strength impacts E protein activity through graded upregulation of Id3. Our model proposes that cells enter Stage 1 in response to a γδTCR signaling event in the cortex that activates a γδ T cell–specific gene network. Part of this program includes the upregulation of chemokine receptors that guide them to the medulla. In the medulla, Stage 1 cells receive distinct combinations of γδTCR, cytokine, and/co‐stimulatory signals that induce their transit into Stage 2, either toward the γδT1 or the γδT17 lineage. The intersection between γδTCR and cytokine signals can tune Id3 expression, leading to different outcomes even in the presence of strong γδTCR signals. The thymic signaling niches required for γδT17 development are segregated in time and space, providing transient windows of opportunity during ontogeny. Understanding the regulatory context in which E proteins operate at different stages will be key in defining how their activity levels impose functional outcomes.
Second Victim Experience and Support Tool: Persian translation and psychometric characteristics evaluation
Authors: Ajoudani Fardin , Habibzadeh Hossein , Baghaei Rahim 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundHealthcare providers involved in an unexpected adverse patient safety event are affected by negative outcomes of the event and are called ‘second victims’. The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool has been introduced as a reliable and valid measure to assess the second victim responses and to support recourses of healthcare professionals.AimThe core objective of this survey was to assess the psychometric attributes of the scale within Iranian nurse.MethodsHaving translated the scale based on the WHO guidelines and assessing its face validity, a board of 8 specialists assessed the content validity of the measure. In order to assess the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire, a survey was conducted in 5 university‐affiliated hospitals of Urmia. Confirmatory factor analysis is adopted to assess the construct validity. The internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the scale were determined.ResultsThe Persian version of the scale consists of 29 items and 9 subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis illustrated that the scale reflects a foolproof construct validity. Cronbach α coefficients revealed the reliability of the scale (0.68–0.88).ConclusionsThe survey proves to be a reliable and valid measure to evaluate the second victim responses and conceivable support resources of Iranian nurses or other Persian‐speaking healthcare professionals of the region.Implications for health policy and practiceHealth policymakers ought to build up large‐scale surveys to determine the degree of second victimization of healthcare professionals so as to offer suitable support systems. Taking the scale into account would improve evaluation of the benefits of second victim support initiatives in nursing practice.
Compensated pyroelectric infrared detector based on Mn‐doped PIMNT single crystal with enhanced signal stability
Authors: Li Zihao , Liu Fei , Tang Yanxue , Zhao Xiangyong , Wang Tao , Duan Zhihua , Shi Wangzhou , Wang Feifei , Jiao Jie , Luo Haosu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA compensated pyroelectric infrared (PIR) detector based on Mn‐doped 0.15Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3‐0.55Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.30PbTiO3 (Mn‐PIMNT(15/55/30)) relaxor ferroelectric single crystal was theoretically designed and experimentally fabricated. Under the current‐mode amplification circuit, the voltage responsivity and specific detectivity of the compensated detector reached 8 × 104 V/W@10 Hz and 3.6 × 108 cm⋅Hz1/2/W, respectively. The noise mechanism of the detector was studied and the dominant noise sources at different frequencies were simulated. Even though the noise density of the compensated detector increased due to the introduction of the parallel compensation element, substantially enhanced signal stability was achieved and the compensated detector was much less susceptible to environmental temperature changes and vibrations, which is more suitable for application in harsh environments.
Equimolar YO1.5 and TaO2.5 co‐doped ZrO2 as a potential CMAS‐resistant material for thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Wu Di , Yao Yao , Shan Xiao , Yang Fan , Zhao Xiaofeng , Xiao Ping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCalcium‐magnesium‐alumino‐silicates (CMAS) corrosion in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) is becoming more serious with increasing operation temperature of turbine engines. Here, we report an equimolar YO1.5 and TaO2.5 co‐doped ZrO2 (Zr0.66Y0.17Ta0.17O2, ZYTO) as a potential CMAS‐resistant material for TBCs, which shows a significantly enhanced CMAS resistance than the conventional 17 mol% YO1.5‐stabilized ZrO2 (17YSZ). After exposure at 1300°C for 100 hours, the CMAS infiltration depth in ZYTO bulk is ~80 μm (for a 20 mg/cm2 CMAS deposition), in contrast to ~700 μm in 17YSZ bulk (50 hours). Compositional and morphological analyses on the CMAS reaction zone reveal that the excellent CMAS resistance of ZYTO originates from the uniform corrosion through grain and grain boundary, along with densification of the reaction layer. The high CMAS infiltration rate of 17YSZ is attributed to the severe dissolution and infiltration through grain boundary. The reaction mechanisms of CMAS with ZYTO and 17YSZ bulks are discussed and a strategy of enhancing the CMAS resistance is proposed for ZrO2‐based TBC materials.
Quantitative systematic review: Methods used for the in vivo measurement of body composition in pregnancy
Authors: Guzman‐Ortiz Elizabeth , Bueno‐Hernandez Nallely , Melendez‐Mier Guillermo , Roldan‐Valadez Ernesto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsBecause of the increased overall prevalence of pre‐pregnancy obesity among racial‐ethnic groups, we conducted a review of published methods for body composition measurement during pregnancy considering at present there is no consensus on the best practices and type of study design that researchers should use for this purpose.DesignQuantitative systematic review.Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Virtual Library of Health. Search dates from 1997–2016.Review MethodsSearch of articles indexed in selected databases from 1997–2016. Studies were published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Graphs were carried out using data visualization software.ResultsFrom the 112 included studies, 70 were prospective cohorts, 30 cross‐sectional studies, 10 randomized controlled trial, and two retrospective studies. Cross‐sectional studies and randomized controlled trial depicted a positive correlation with significant trend.ConclusionsAlthough several methods for body composition measurement exist, only bioelectrical impedance analysis, displacement plethysmography, and displacement plethysmography show a significant growing trend. Use of data visualization allows understanding various associations among categorical variables, with a graphical display of their multidimensional behaviour.ImpactPublic and private health‐care institution evaluating pregnancy women. Health‐care personnel, including nursing professional, dealing with measurements of body composition during pregnancy will find reading this manuscript beneficial.
Shifts in gut microbiome and metabolome are associated with risk of recurrent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Li Jing , Zuo Kun , Zhang Jing , Hu Chaowei , Wang Pan , Jiao Jie , Liu Zheng , Yin Xiandong , Liu Xiaoqing , Li Kuibao , Yang Xinchun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlternations of gut microbiota (GM) in atrial fibrillation (AF) with elevated diversity, perturbed composition and function have been described previously. The current work aimed to assess the association of GM composition with AF recurrence (RAF) after ablation based on metagenomic sequencing and metabolomic analyses and to construct a GM‐based predictive model for RAF. Compared with non‐AF controls (50 individuals), GM composition and metabolomic profile were significantly altered between patients with recurrent AF (17 individuals) and non‐RAF group (23 individuals). Notably, discriminative taxa between the non‐RAF and RAF groups, including the families Nitrosomonadaceae and Lentisphaeraceae, the genera Marinitoga and Rufibacter and the species Faecalibacterium spCAG:82, Bacillus gobiensis and Desulfobacterales bacterium PC51MH44, were selected to construct a taxonomic scoring system based on LASSO analysis. After incorporating the clinical factors of RAF, taxonomic score retained a significant association with RAF incidence (HR = 2.647, P = .041). An elevated AUC (0.954) and positive NRI (1.5601) for predicting RAF compared with traditional clinical scoring (AUC = 0.6918) were obtained. The GM‐based taxonomic scoring system theoretically improves the model performance, and the nomogram and decision curve analysis validated the clinical value of the predicting model. These data provide novel possibility that incorporating the GM factor into future recurrent risk stratification.