bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rubie Field, Block 15/28b, UK North Sea
Authors: Tegerdine Graham 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Rubie Field is located within the Outer Moray Firth in Block 15/28b, towards the eastern end of the Renee Ridge and 6 km east of the Renee Field. The block was awarded to a BNOC-operated group following the 7th Licensing Round in 1980. The 15/28b-4 discovery was drilled by Britoil in 1985, encountering hydrocarbons at two stratigraphic levels within the Paleocene Andrew Sandstone unit and Eocene Cromarty Sandstone Member reservoirs. No further appraisal was undertaken prior to a late 1997 Annex B submission for a joint Renee and Rubie Field development by new operator, Phillips Petroleum. The Rubie development plan comprised a single 6000 ft Andrew Sandstone horizontal producer which was completed in March 1999 and tested at an initial rate of 9700 bopd and 1.65 MMscfgd. Export of fluids was via a 6 km-long pipeline to the Renee Field manifold and then onwards to the host facility in the Ivanhoe–Rob Roy fields. Rubie was brought on stream on 29 May 1999. Abandonment was originally scheduled for end 2006, but field-life extension initiatives deferred cessation of production (COP) to March 2009. Cumulative Andrew Sandstone production at COP was 11.5 MMbbl and the oil recovery factor 50%, based on a final mapped oil-in-place of 23 MMbbl.
The Kilmar Field, Block 43/22a, UK North Sea
Authors: Milner P. A. , Whailing P. J. , Ridings J. , Gill J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The Kilmar Field, part of the Tors complex (Kilmar and Garrow fields), was discovered in 1992 and is located on the northern margins of the Southern North Sea Basin. Gas is produced from Namurian sandstones, at a depth of 11 000 ft, from a 25 km
2
closure at the Base Permian level. The reservoir was deposited as a series of stacked channel sandstones in a fluvio-deltaic setting. Seismic imaging of intra-Carboniferous strata is limited, so mapping of individual bodies of sandstone is not achievable. The development philosophy has been to maximize the drilled lengths of specific reservoir units and to contact multiple sandstone bodies by drilling long, high-angle, multi-bore production wells. The sandstones are of low to medium porosity and permeability, supplemented by connection through a fracture network. At project sanction in 2005, the combined gas-in-place resource in Kilmar was estimated to be 311 bcf and a total of 75 bcf gas recovery from three wells was forecast. Cumulative gas production to date is 69 bcf. Whilst the gas-in-place has changed little, the distribution has changed between segments. The recovery factor for the field is 24%. Infill drilling opportunities have been identified but are gas price dependent.
The Jasmine Field, Blocks 30/06 and 30/07a, UK North Sea
Authors: Lawrence H. M. , Armstrong L. E. , Ashton K. , Jones A. D. , Mearns I. E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The high-pressure–high-temperature Jasmine Field lies 270 km east of Aberdeen in the UK Central North Sea and forms part of Chrysaor’s J-Area. Hydrocarbons were discovered at Jasmine in 2006, in Middle–Late Triassic fluvial sandstones of the Joanne Sandstone Member of the Skagerrak Formation. Appraisal proved a greater than 2000 ft hydrocarbon column and, in 2010, the Jasmine Field development was sanctioned. Five development wells were pre-drilled between 2010 and 2013, and the field was brought on line in November 2013, after which one further appraisal and three additional production wells were drilled. Jasmine infrastructure comprises an accommodation platform and a wellhead platform tied back to a riser platform adjacent to the Judy processing and export facility.
Rapid early pressure depletion, a highly layered fluvial reservoir, structural complexity and variable fluid types present significant challenges for both static and dynamic modelling. Following production start-up, acquisition of new post-production reservoir pressure and flow data, and incorporation of allocated well production data, have been used to address these modelling challenges, and to provide encouragement for future infill and near-field exploration drilling opportunities.
The Humbly Grove, Herriard and Hester's Copse fields, UK Onshore
Authors: Gluyas J. G. , De-Paola N. , Imber J. , Jezierski T. M. , Jones R. R. , Jordan P. , McCaffrey K. J. W. , Nielsen S. , Pongthunya P. , Satterley A. , Sowter A. , Wilkinson M. , Moors A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Humbly Grove Field has, for the UK, a unique development history. It was discovered as an oilfield in May 1980 and produced as an oilfield until 2000 along with small satellite fields Herriard (developed) and Hester's Copse (not developed). Peak production of 2219 bopd was achieved during July 1986 but, by October 1988, the rate had fallen to around 1000 bopd, a rate that was more or less maintained until October 1995 after which the production fell rapidly. At this point the decision was taken to reconfigure the field as a gas storage facility. Significant renewed pressure depletion occurred between 2000 and 2005, following which first cushion and then storage gas was injected into two reservoirs: the Middle Jurassic, Great Oolite Group and the uppermost Triassic, Rhaetian Westbury Formation. Gas storage operations commenced in 2005 and the reservoirs have undergone cyclical gas injection and gas withdrawal since that date. The cyclical injection of gas and re-pressuring of the Great Oolite reservoir causes mobile oil to be swept towards dedicated oil production wells. This operates effectively as an enhanced oil recovery scheme. The co-produced liquid hydrocarbons provide a valuable secondary income stream for the field.
The Stella Field, Block 30/6a, UK North Sea
Authors: Wright Simon , Bramald James , Brett David , Dingwall Scott , Horsburgh John , Ritchie Angus 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The Stella Field is located in UKCS Block 30/6a,
c.
230 km SE of Aberdeen. Stella Field is a four-way, dip-closed and salt-cored dome with a 600 ft gas-condensate column underlain by a 250 ft oil column within the 5–30 ft thick Paleocene Andrew Sandstone Member. Oil is also present in the underlying chalk reservoirs of the Danian Ekofisk and Maastrichtian Tor formations. Following the discovery of the field in 1979 there have been three phases of appraisal followed by the recent development, with first oil in February 2017.

The field development has been challenging as the 38-year gap between discovery and first oil illustrates. Principal challenges have included structural undulations and radial faulting combined with a thin primary reservoir, variation in hydrocarbon, compartmentalization and depletion relating to producing fields. These issues have been reviewed following the latest drilling results and ideas on the petroleum geology updated.
Block 30/6a, containing the Stella Field, was originally awarded to Shell/Esso in the first Licensing Round in 1964 as part of multi-block licence P011. The current Stella P.011 licence holders are Ithaca Energy (UK) Limited (operator) with 54.66%, Dyas UK Limited with 25.34% and Petrofac GSA Limited with 20%.
The Hewett Field, Blocks 48/28a, 48/29a, 48/30a, 52/4a and 52/5a, UK North Sea
Authors: Hook J. A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The Hewett Field has been in production for some 50 years. Unusually for a Southern North Sea field in the UK Sector, there has been production from several different reservoirs and almost entirely from intervals younger than the principal Leman Sandstone Formation (LSF) reservoir in the basin. Some of these reservoirs are particular to the Hewett area. This reflects the location of the field at the basin margin bound by the Dowsing Fault Zone, which has influenced structural evolution, deposition and the migration of hydrocarbons. The principal reservoirs are the Permo-Triassic Hewett Sandstone (Lower Bunter), Triassic Bunter Sandstone Formation (BSF) (Upper Bunter) and Permian Zechsteinkalk Formation. There has also been minor production from the Permian Plattendolomit Formation and the LSF. Sour gas is present in the BSF only. Several phases of field development are recognized, ultimately comprising three wellhead platforms with production from 35 wells. Gas is exported onshore to Bacton, where the sour gas was also processed. Peak production was in 1976 and
c.
3.5 tcf of gas has been recovered. Hewett has also provided the hub for six satellite fields which have produced a further 0.9 tcf of gas. It is expected that the asset will cease production in 2020.
The Hewett Field satellites: Big Dotty, Little Dotty, Deborah, Della, Dawn and Delilah, Blocks 48/29a, 48/30a, UK North Sea
Authors: Hook J. A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Six satellite fields have been developed through the Hewett Field facilities: Big Dotty, Little Dotty, Deborah, Della, Dawn and Delilah. Little Dotty has produced from both the Leman Sandstone Formation (LSF) and Bunter Sandstone Formation (BSF) whilst the other satellites are exclusively LSF developments. The LSF reservoir quality exhibits a marked contrast across the Dowsing Fault Zone, which separates the inboard satellites to the SW from the outboard satellites to the NE. The inboard satellites, Big Dotty, Little Dotty and Dawn, display the best reservoir quality, reflecting their lesser depth of maximum burial. These fields share a strong aquifer, exhibited a rapid water-cut development and are now shut-in. The greater depth of maximum burial experienced by the outboard satellites, Deborah, Della and Delilah, is reflected in poorer reservoir quality along with weaker aquifers that are also more compartmentalized. These remain in production and will achieve higher recovery factors. Big Dotty was developed from a wellhead platform whereas the other fields were developed as subsea tie-backs. Collectively, these satellite fields have produced some 0.9 tcf of gas, playing an important strategic role in offsetting the production decline in the Hewett Field and extending the life of the asset.
Projecting the Short-Term Trend of COVID-19 in Iraq
Authors: Aldeer Murtadha , Hilli Ahmed Al , Ismail Issam S. 
Published: October 2020

The novel coronavirus that causes the now well-known COVID-19 illness has affected the whole world as the number of daily reported cases has exceeded 250,000. The spread trend of the virus across the globe has varied from one country to another, mainly because of each government’s response. In this article, we discuss the statistics of the cases in Iraq and provide a projection model based on the current situation and government interventions. Using daily reported cases data from February 24, 2020--July 31, 2020, we report 6-week-ahead projections of daily cases, critical cases, and deaths. Specifically, we propose a simple machine learning-based model based on Gaussian Process regression to project the future trend of COVID-19 in Iraq. This work aims to aid the Iraqi government by providing a statistical tool to provide future estimates of the suspected and death cases resulting from COVID-19 and make strategic decisions.
Cardiac Imaging of Aortic Valve Area From 34 287 UK Biobank Participants Reveals Novel Genetic Associations and Shared Genetic Comorbidity With Multiple Disease Phenotypes
Authors: Córdova-Palomera Aldo , Tcheandjieu Catherine , Fries Jason A. , Varma Paroma , Chen Vincent S. , Fiterau Madalina , Xiao Ke , Tejeda Heliodoro , Keavney Bernard D. , Cordell Heather J. , Tanigawa Yosuke , Venkataraman Guhan , Rivas Manuel A. , Ré Christopher , Ashley Euan , Priest James R. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The aortic valve is an important determinant of cardiovascular physiology and anatomic location of common human diseases.

Methods:
From a sample of 34 287 white British ancestry participants, we estimated functional aortic valve area by planimetry from prospectively obtained cardiac magnetic resonance imaging sequences of the aortic valve. Aortic valve area measurements were submitted to genome-wide association testing, followed by polygenic risk scoring and phenome-wide screening, to identify genetic comorbidities.

Results:

A genome-wide association study of aortic valve area in these UK Biobank participants showed 3 significant associations, indexed by rs71190365 (chr13:50764607,
DLEU1
,
P
=1.8×10
−9
), rs35991305 (chr12:94191968,
CRADD
,
P
=3.4×10
−8
), and chr17:45013271:C:T (
GOSR2
,
P
=5.6×10
−8
). Replication on an independent set of 8145 unrelated European ancestry participants showed consistent effect sizes in all 3 loci, although rs35991305 did not meet nominal significance. We constructed a polygenic risk score for aortic valve area, which in a separate cohort of 311 728 individuals without imaging demonstrated that smaller aortic valve area is predictive of increased risk for aortic valve disease (odds ratio, 1.14;
P
=2.3×10
−6
). After excluding subjects with a medical diagnosis of aortic valve stenosis (remaining n=308 683 individuals), phenome-wide association of >10 000 traits showed multiple links between the polygenic score for aortic valve disease and key health-related comorbidities involving the cardiovascular system and autoimmune disease. Genetic correlation analysis supports a shared genetic etiology with between aortic valve area and birth weight along with other cardiovascular conditions.

Conclusions:
These results illustrate the use of automated phenotyping of cardiac imaging data from the general population to investigate the genetic etiology of aortic valve disease, perform clinical prediction, and uncover new clinical and genetic correlates of cardiac anatomy.
Four Decades of Music Research, Creation, and Education at Padua's Centro di Sonologia Computazionale
Authors: Canazza Sergio , Poli Giovanni De 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Research in computer music at the University of Padua, Italy, began in the early 1970s and was formalized in 1979 by establishing the Centro di Sonologia Computazionale (CSC). Since its foundation, CSC has established itself as a leading research center in the field of computer music. This article describes the scientific and musical research activities of the center and of the composers and members who worked in association with it in its first four decades. The center's historical background with its musical and scientific precursors is also chronicled, as are important events at CSC. An outline of its scientific research activity is then traced, with aspects of the technical details in its different areas of activities, showing the distinctive research ethos and the changing priorities of the center. Research from the 1970s is also included, as it led to the foundation of the CSC. Moreover, selected musical works, representative of CSC works from historical and scientific points of view, are described. Finally, perspectives for future developments are discussed.
School Desegregation and Black Teacher Employment
Authors: Thompson Owen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Before the racial integration of schools in the southern United States, predominantly African American schools were staffed almost exclusively by African American teachers as well, and teaching constituted an extraordinarily large share of professional employment among southern Blacks. The large-scale desegregation of southern schools that occurred after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act represented a potential threat to this employment base, and this paper estimates how student integration affected Black teacher employment. Using newly assembled archival data from 759 southern school districts observed between 1960 and 1972, I estimate that a school district transitioning from fully segregated to fully integrated education, which approximates the experience of the modal southern district in this period, led to a 41.7% reduction in Black teacher employment. Additional results, including event-study specifications and models with extensive controls for concurrent policy changes, strongly suggest that these employment reductions were a causal effect of integration and not due to school district self-selection into desegregation. To study the broader impacts of reduced teaching employment, I estimate race-specific changes in occupations and earnings in the decennial Censuses and find that displaced southern Black teachers either entered lower skill occupations within the South or migrated out of the region to continue teaching and that integration-induced displacement led to substantial earnings reductions.
The Impact of Social Networks on EITC Claiming Behavior
Authors: Wilson Riley 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Using the Social Connectedness Index (Bailey, Cao, Kuchler, Stroebel et al., 2018) to capture county-to-county Facebook linkages, I explore how county-level earned income tax credit (EITC) claiming behavior changes when the county's out-of-state social network is exposed to a newly implemented state EITC. Having more out-of-state friends face a state EITC shifts the composition of EITC claims toward more self-employment claiming. EITC-claiming households' income distribution also shifts, moving away from the EITC region with smaller credits, toward income levels that generate the largest EITC. This mimics the direct impacts of state-level EITC policies, consistent with social networks increasing information or salience about EITC policy.
The Byzantine Scholia to Aristotle and Empedocles’ Cosmic Cycle
Authors: Ferella Chiara 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Some Byzantine scholia to Aristotle offer numerical indications on the time-length of some phases of Empedocles’ cosmic cycle. In recent years an interpretation has become established, according to which the scholia pro-vide evidence for a cycle with three periods: the Sphairos and two opposite phases of Love’s and Strife’s unfolding. This paper emphasizes, in contrast, that the picture of the cycle we can draw from the scholia is not as clear-cut as generally supposed. On the contrary, the scholia can be adapted to dif-ferent, even contrasting, reconstructions of the Empedoclean cycle. Moreo-ver, they seem to challenge the received idea of Empedocles’ cycle as the Sphairos and two symmetrical phases of increasing Love and Strife. Rather, they can conform to a picture of the cycle with two cosmic periods: a period of rest and union under Love (Sphairos) and a period of movement and separation under Strife. Ultimately, this contribution emphasizes the highly problematic nature of the scholia, indicates the difficulties in drawing whole cosmological systems from them and advises against any ‘orthodoxy’ in their interpretation.
Decoding a Narrative Allusion
Authors: Türel Tunç 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper an intertextual relationship between Ammianus’ Res gestae and Xenophon’s Anabasis is proposed and contextualized. This intertextuality, which occurs in the form of a narrative allusion, is founded upon the thematic and structural similarities shared between the death narratives of Julian in book 25.3.3-6 of the Res gestae and that of Cyrus in book 1.8.6, 19, 24-27 of the Anabasis. An attempt at interpreting this particular narrative allusion reveals that Ammianus constructed this allusion intentionally with two specific goals in his mind. First, he made a subtle retort to Gregory of Nazianzus’ negative comparison between Julian and Cyrus (Or. 5.13-14) by reversing Gregory’s comparison into a positive one, and second, which is of a more personal note, he cast himself by implication as Julian’s Xenophon in the Persian campaign of 363 CE, with whom he shares several loci of contact.
A History of International Law in the Vernacular
Authors: Cogan Jacob Katz 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Histories of international law have typically focused on the origins of legal rules and doctrines, the decisions of courts and other formal tribunals, the views of professors and legal theorists and diplomats, and the evolution of the legal profession. That is, international legal histories have centered on the concerns of lawyers and states and have reflected a positivist vision of international lawmaking. We need a history of international law that focuses more on international law in action – the invocation, elaboration, and contestation of rules in and through their everyday application, not just by states, high-level state actors, legal theorists, and state-organized domestic and international institutions, but also by individuals, low-level officials, private groups, and nongovernmental actors and in places outside of the usual fora where ‘international law’ is said to be found. We need a history of international law in the vernacular.
The Politics of History in the Late Qing Era: William A. P. Martin and a History of International Law for China
Authors: Carrai Maria Adele 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the light of 19th-century attempts to universalize history and international law, the purpose of this article is to show how the theory of an Ancient Chinese international law matured and disseminated within one politics of history and helped generate another at the end of the Qing Dynasty. On the one hand, the middleman William Alexander Parsons Martin, who as part of his Christian mission and in order to make international law more acceptable to the Chinese, translated systematically international law into Chinese and attempted to universalize it by finding a proto-international law in Ancient China. On the other hand, Chinese scholars and officials sought to use Martin’s theory to universalize Confucianism and rectify international law according to what they believed to be their own superior morality and history.
Directionals and re-autonomization in Dutch modals
Authors: Nuyts Jan , Caers Wim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Modal auxiliaries in Present Day Dutch are going through a process of ‘re-autonomization’, i.e. they are increasingly used without a main verb elsewhere in the clause, in ways which are not possible in other Germanic languages. Many Germanic languages do allow omission of the main verb when a modal is combined with a directional phrase in the clause. This paper investigates whether the latter phenomenon may have been the cause of the former process in Dutch. A diachronic corpus study of the Dutch modals shows that the answer is negative. The paper offers an alternative suggestion as to how the re-autonomization trend may have emerged.
Reconstructing the PIE causative in a cross-linguistic perspective
Authors: Bozzone Chiara 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the function and distribution of *CoC-éye/o- presents (traditionally labelled as causatives/iteratives) in PIE in the light of recent theoretical and typological contributions on causative formations crosslinguistically. In particular, this paper argues that: 1. The oldest function of CoC-éye/o- presents in PIE is to derive causative presents to unaccusative base verbs, as well as to some transitive verbs with an affected subject. The development of the iterative meaning is secondary and einzelsprachlich. 2. In the daughter languages, the category developed in two different directions (following Shibatani & Pardeshi’s causative continuum), depending on its degree of productivity. In Greek and Latin, the category became unproductive and underwent a “causative/non-causative” split, whereby the iterative meaning developed under certain conditions. A parallel development of the causative morpheme in the Mayan language K’iche’ is discussed into detail. 3. In Vedic and Proto-Germanic, the category became more productive and did not develop iterative semantics.