bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate-induced changes in carbon flows across the plant-consumer interface in a small subarctic lake
Authors: Belle Simon , Nilsson Jenny L. , Tõnno Ilmar , Freiberg Rene , Vrede Tobias , Goedkoop Willem 
Published: November 2019

AbstractReconstructions of past food web dynamics are necessary for better understanding long-term impacts of climate change on subarctic lakes. We studied elemental and stable isotopic composition of sedimentary organic matter, photosynthetic pigments and carbon stable isotopic composition of Daphnia (Cladocera; Crustacea) resting eggs (δ13CClado) in a sediment record from a small subarctic lake. We examined how regional climate and landscape changes over the last 5800 years affected the relative importance of allochthonous and autochthonous carbon transfer to zooplankton. Overall, δ13CClado values were well in line with the range of theoretical values of aquatic primary producers, confirming that zooplankton consumers in subarctic lakes, even in the long-term perspective, are mainly fuelled by autochthonous primary production. Results also revealed greater incorporations of benthic algae into zooplankton biomass in periods that had a warmer and drier climate and clearer water, whereas a colder and wetter climate and lower water transparency induced higher contributions of planktonic algae to Daphnia biomass. This study thus emphasizes long-term influence of terrestrial-aquatic linkages and in-lake processes on the functioning of subarctic lake food webs.
Reduced-tillage management enhances soil properties and crop yields in a alfalfa-corn rotation: Case study of the Songnen Plain, China
Authors: Chen Jishan , Zhu Ruifen , Zhang Qiang , Kong Xiaolei , Sun Dequan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe reduced-tillage (Rt) has been proposed as a strategy to improve soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen pools. However, little is known of the role of the reduced-tillage compared with the organic (Org) and conventional (Con) management in the Songnen Plain of China. We studied the 4 yr effect of three management strategies (Con, Org and Rt management) on labile soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools, including variation in mineralizable carbon and nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in the rotation of alfalfa-corn established in 2009. Soil characteristics including soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were quantified in samples collected during the 9 yr rotation of 5yr-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) followed by 4 yr corn (Zea mays L.). The mineralizable C was increased in the four years, and although not statistically significant, 12% higher in the fourth year under reduced-tillage than conventional management (268 kg ha−1). Soil organic C was increased by 30% under reduced-tillage compared to conventional management (15.5 Mg ha−1). Three management strategies showed similar labile N pools in the Con and Org management, but differed in the Rt management. Org management showed significantly lesser mineralizable and inorganic N compared to other strategies, but soil microbial community and comparable crop yield across management strategy in year 4, indicating more efficient N use for organic than other management strategy. In our conditions, reduced-tillage for corn cropping after five years of alfalfa grassland can accumulate labile C and N and improve N utilization to for crop yields in the forage-based rotations. These findings suggest an optimal strategy for using Rt management to enhance soil properties and crop yield in plantation soils and provide a new perspective for understanding the potential role of Rt management in plantation soil.
Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of 4-phenylbutyrate in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis
Authors: Nakano Satoshi , Osaka Shuhei , Sabu Yusuke , Minowa Kei , Hirai Saeko , Kondou Hiroki , Kimura Takeshi , Azuma Yoshihiro , Watanabe Satoshi , Inui Ayano , Bessho Kazuhiko , Nakamura Hidefumi , Kusano Hironori , Nakazawa Atsuko , Tanikawa Ken , Kage Masayoshi , Shimizu Toshiaki , Kusuhara Hiroyuki , Zen Yoh , Suzuki Mitsuyoshi , Hayashi Hisamitsu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProgressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC), a rare inherited disorder, progresses to liver failure in childhood. We have shown that sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (NaPB), a drug approved for urea cycle disorders (UCDs), has beneficial effects in PFIC. However, there is little evidence to determine an optimal regimen for NaPB therapy. Herein, a multicenter, open-label, single-dose study was performed to investigate the influence of meal timing on the pharmacokinetics of NaPB. NaPB (150 mg/kg) was administered orally 30 min before, just before, and just after breakfast following overnight fasting. Seven pediatric PFIC patients were enrolled and six completed the study. Compared with postprandial administration, an approved regimen for UCDs, preprandial administration significantly increased the peak plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve of 4-phenylbutyrate by 2.5-fold (95% confidential interval (CI), 2.0–3.0;P = 0.003) and 2.4-fold (95% CI, 1.7–3.2;P = 0.005). The observational study over 3 years in two PFIC patients showed that preprandial, but not prandial or postprandial, oral treatment with 500 mg/kg/day NaPB improved liver function tests and clinical symptoms and suppressed the fibrosis progression. No adverse events were observed. Preprandial oral administration of NaPB was needed to maximize its potency in PFIC patients.
IL-25 exacerbates autoimmune aortitis in IL-1 receptor antagonist-deficient mice
Authors: Yoshizaki Takamichi , Itoh Satoshi , Yamaguchi Sachiko , Numata Takafumi , Nambu Aya , Kimura Naoyuki , Suto Hajime , Okumura Ko , Sudo Katsuko , Yamaguchi Atsushi , Nakae Susumu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIL-25, a member of the IL-17 family of cytokines, is known to enhance type 2 immune responses, but suppress type 3 (IL-17A)-mediated immune responses. Mice deficient in IL-1 receptor antagonist (Il1rn−/− mice) have excessive IL-1 signaling, resulting in spontaneous development of IL-1–, TNF– and IL-17A–dependent aortitis. We found that expression of II25 mRNA was increased in the aortae of Il1rn−/− mice, suggesting that IL-25 may suppress development of IL-1–, TNF– and IL-17A–dependent aortitis in Il1rn−/− mice by inhibiting type 3-mediated immune responses. However, we unexpectedly found that Il25−/−Il1rn−/− mice showed attenuated development of aortitis, accompanied by reduced accumulation of inflammatory cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages and neutrophils and reduced mRNA expression of Il17a and Tnfa—but not Il4 or Il13—in local lesions compared with Il1rn−/− mice. Tissue–, but not immune cell–, derived IL-25 was crucial for development of aortitis. IL-25 enhanced IL-1β and TNF production by IL-25 receptor–expressing dendritic cells and macrophages, respectively, at inflammatory sites of aortae of Il1rn−/− mice, contributing to exacerbation of development of IL-1–, TNF– and IL-17A–dependent aortitis in those mice. Our findings suggest that neutralization of IL-25 may be a potential therapeutic target for aortitis.
Efficient knockout of phytoene desaturase gene using CRISPR/Cas9 in melon
Authors: Hooghvorst Isidre , López-Cristoffanini Camilo , Nogués Salvador 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 system has been widely applied in many plant species to induce mutations in the genome for studying gene function and improving crops. However, to our knowledge, there is no report of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in melon (Cucumis melo). In our study, phytoene desaturase gene of melon (CmPDS) was selected as target for the CRISPR/Cas9 system with two designed gRNAs, targeting exons 1 and 2. A construct (pHSE-CmPDS) carrying both gRNAs and the Cas9 protein was delivered by PEG-mediated transformation in protoplasts. Mutations were detected in protoplasts for both gRNAs. Subsequently, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cotyledonary explants was carried out, and fully albino and chimeric albino plants were successfully regenerated. A regeneration efficiency of 71% of transformed plants was achieved from cotyledonary explants, a 39% of genetic transformed plants were successful gene edited, and finally, a 42–45% of mutation rate was detected by Sanger analysis. In melon protoplasts and plants most mutations were substitutions (91%), followed by insertions (7%) and deletions (2%). We set up a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing protocol which is efficient and feasible in melon, generating multi-allelic mutations in both genomic target sites of the CmPDS gene showing an albino phenotype easily detectable after only few weeks after Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.
Processes exacerbating apoptosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Afonso Marta B. , Castro Rui E. , Rodrigues Cecília M. P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant public health concern, owing to its high prevalence, progressive nature and lack of effective medical therapies. NAFLD is a complex and multifactorial disease involving the progressive and concerted action of factors that contribute to the development of liver inflammation and eventually fibrosis. Here, we summarize fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), how they are interrelated and possible translation to clinical applications. We focus on processes triggering and exacerbating apoptotic signalling in the liver of NAFLD patients and their metabolic and pathological implications. Indeed, liver injury and inflammation are cardinal histopathological features of NASH, a duo in which derailment of apoptosis is of paramount importance. In turn, the liver houses a very high number of mitochondria, crucial metabolic unifiers of both extrinsic and intrinsic signals that converge in apoptosis activation. The role of lifestyle options is also dissected, highlighting the management of modifiable risk factors, such as obesity and harmful alcohol consumption, influencing apoptosis signalling in the liver and ultimately NAFLD progression. Integrating NAFLD-associated pathologic mechanisms in the cell death context could provide clues for a more profound understating of the disease and pave the way for novel rational therapies.
Modeling spectral lags in active galactic nucleus flares in the context of Lorentz invariance violation searches
Authors: Perennes C. , Sol H. , Bolmont J. 
Published: November 2019

Context. High-energy photons emitted by flaring active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have been used for many years to constrain modified dispersion relations in vacuum encountered in the context of quantum gravity phenomenology. In such studies, done in the GeV–TeV range, energy-dependent delays (spectral lags) are searched for, usually neglecting any source-intrinsic time delay.
Aims. With the aim being to distinguish Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) effects from lags generated at the sources themselves, a detailed investigation into intrinsic spectral lags in flaring AGNs above 100 GeV is presented in the frame of synchrotron-self-Compton scenarios for their very-high-energy (VHE) emission.
Methods. A simple model of VHE flares in blazars is proposed, allowing to explore the influence of the main physical parameters describing the emitting zones on intrinsic delays.
Results. For typical conditions expected in TeV blazars, significant intrinsic lags are obtained, which can dominate over LIV effects, especially at low redshifts, and should therefore be carefully disentangled from any extrinsic lags. Moreover, two main regimes are identified with characteristic spectral lags, corresponding to long-lasting and fast particle acceleration.
Conclusions. Such intrinsic spectral lags should be detected with new-generation instruments at VHE such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array which begins operation in a few years. This will provide original constraints on AGN flare models and open a new era for LIV searches in the photon sector.
Signed domination and Mycielski’s structure in graphs
Authors: Ghameshlou Arezoo N. , Shaminezhad Athena , Vatandoost Ebrahim , Khodkar Abdollah 
Published: November 2019

LetG = (V, E) be a graph. The functionf : V(G) → {−1, 1} is a signed dominating function if for every vertexv ∈ V(G), ∑x∈NG[v]f(x)≥1. The value ofω(f) = ∑x∈V(G)f(x) is called the weight off. The signed domination number ofGis the minimum weight of a signed dominating function ofG. In this paper, we initiate the study of the signed domination numbers of Mycielski graphs and find some upper bounds for this parameter. We also calculate the signed domination number of the Mycielski graph when the underlying graph is a star, a wheel, a fan, a Dutch windmill, a cycle, a path or a complete bipartite graph.
“Acorns and berries afford me sufficient nourishment”: an ecocritical reading of the monstrous in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Patrick Ness’s A Monster Calls
Authors: Hansen Mascha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMonster stories, however old they may be, still prove to be very fruitful when read in an ecocritical context. Monsters can be saviours, too: they have not yet lost their warning powers, and they still sneak around in modern retellings of the myths that prove how dire the consequences of wasting resources have long been in our story-telling traditions. Thus, the monstrous clearly offers powerful, anxiety-inducing images that must be of interest in contemporary attempts to revise our story-telling to a more eco-friendly mode. Indeed, Frankenstein’s monster, a vegetarian proud to be able to live without consuming animal food, a being torn between wanting to do good but committing evil instead, may be said to embody contemporary environmental concerns. If we read the monster as a natural “Being” (to use Percy Shelley’s term), however unnaturally created, he takes on a different role, one that ties him to the myth of Prometheus in ways that have not yet been explored. Moreover, he does have overtones of the Green Man, too, and in that shape, he can be connected to a more recent monster, that employed by Patrick Ness in A Monster Calls. Monsters, no doubt about it, are scary creatures when they make us face the truth about who we are, and what we do to the earth. This paper considers some of the tensions raised by the paradox of the monstrous ‘saviour’ from an ecocritical perspective.
Self-identity barcodes encoded by six expansive polymorphic toxin families discriminate kin in myxobacteria
Authors: Vassallo Christopher N. , Wall Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Significance
Social organisms that share resources must identify their kin to avoid exploitation by nonself competitors; however, underlying mechanisms to explain discrimination are lacking. Myxobacteria, which aggregate into tissue-like groups, use a 2-step self-identification mechanism in which cells interact by a highly variable cell surface receptor that catalyzes cellular cargo exchange. This cargo includes polymorphic toxins that poison nonclonal cells, which lack specific immunity genes. Here, we identified 6 unique families of toxins that are strikingly numerous in myxobacterial genomes. Together, arrays of toxins form what we describe as self-identity barcodes that exquisitely distinguish clonal cooperators from nonself. This work highlights how selfish and discriminating genes, which expand in vast combinations in bacterial genomes, help to diversify and insulate social groups.
Tocotrienol-rich fraction from annatto ameliorates expression of lysyl oxidase in human osteoblastic MG-63 cells
Authors: Kohno Kakeru , Yamada Wakana , Ishitsuka Aya , Sekine Miki , Virgona Nantiga , Ota Masako , Yano Tomohiro 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTLysyl oxidase (LOX) is required for the formation of bone collagen cross-links. Inactivation of the LOX gene in osteoblasts by DNA methylation and JAK signaling has been reported to cause loss of cross-links and an increased risk of fractures. Tocotrienols (T3s) have proven benefits on bone strength, but their potential effects on LOX remain largely unknown. Thus, the present study investigates the in vitro effects of T3s on LOX expression in human osteoblastic MG-63 cells. Results indicated that Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction (TRF), the δ-T3 rich oil extracted from Annatto was the most effective and significantly increased LOX expression. TRF treatment decreased de-novo methyltransferases (DNMTs), DNMT3A and DNMT3B levels. In addition, TRF significantly inhibited JAK2 activation and decreased expression of Fli1, a transcription factor of DNMTs. We conclude that TRF induced an increase in LOX expression via inhibition of de-novo methylation and reduction of Fli1 expression by the inactivation of JAK2.Abbreviations: CpG: cytosine-guanine dinucleotide; DNMT: DNA methyltransferase; Fli1: friend leukemia virus integration 1; JAK: janus kinase; LOX: lysyl oxidase; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; STAT: signal transducers and activators of transcription; T3s: tocotrienols; TPs: tocopherols; TRF: Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction.
After After Lorca: Anamnesis and Magic between Jack Spicer and Federico García Lorca
Authors: Shoemaker Robert Eric 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis essay will examine the work of Jack Spicer through the lens of Federico García Lorca’s homages and his concept of the dark earth inspiration called duende to explore the bonds created through imagined lovers, mostly looking at works proposing relationship through affect, apostrophe, and homoerotics. Spicer communicated with García Lorca in his book After Lorca, which Spicer saw as a direct channeling of the poet and his magic-imbued poetics via translation. In Spicer’s work, anamnesis and homage are attempts to unify the writer with the object of channeling—the “same-like” person with whom the author identifies. The act of imagining or channeling a similar writer into conversation provides a direct link to creativity for Spicer and others like him, who write in the vein of queer magic in order to create and perpetuate lineage and connection to the sexual world despite distances of time and space. Uncovering this perspective within the writings of García Lorca and Spicer allows a deeper and more empathetic rereading of both as queer poets and poets interested in writing-as-magic. This likewise encourages a deeper and fuller imitation of these writers by contemporary kin working into queer lineages.
Making Sense of Facebook’s Content Moderation: A Posthumanist Perspective on Communicative Competence and Internet Memes
Authors: Procházka Ondřej 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article focuses on how Facebook users understand and adapt to or resist recently increasing intensity in Facebook content-curating practices in pages organized around geopolitical satire memes generally known as “Countryball comics.” Participants attach a ludic, nonserious discursive and communal ethos to potentially offensive memes, by which they create a type of sociality that faces punitive actions from Facebook (content deletion and publishing suspensions). Following meta-level discussions about correctness, appropriateness, and acceptability, participants feel compelled to adjust their communicative behavior in ways ranging from self-censorship to altering communicative practices native to such meme pages. Moreover, participants construe Facebook as a composite human (Facebook users and content moderators) and algorithm-driven nonhuman (automated content recognition tools and filters) entity actively involved and embedded in everyday communication. Drawing on posthumanist sociolinguistics and applied linguistics (Pennycook 2016, 2018), the article revisits the traditional notion of “communicative competence” to account for the dynamic interplay between dispersed, disembodied, and (non-)human interactants, environment, and artifacts.
Automated measuring system for studies of microwave filters in a wide frequency range
Authors: Gladyshev A B , Dmitriev D D , Tyapkin V N , Ratuschnyak V N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The structure of an automated measuring system for the study of the frequency characteristics of microwave filters in a wide frequency range is given. It is based on a handheld probe station, a vector network analyzer, a vector signal analyzer and a signal generator. It provides automation of research and determination of the main parameters of microwave filters – amplitude-frequency characteristics, phase-frequency response, group delay differences, level signal attenuation in stop band. The function of documenting the results of measuring the parameters of microwave filters allows not only in real time, but also in post-processing to analyze and compare the characteristics of microwave filters in the frequency range from 10 MHz to 24 GHz.
Proof of the method of paired zeroing of numbers in a residue system
Authors: Selivanova M V , Tyncherov K T , Ikhsanova F A , Kalmykov I A , Olenev A A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper studies the problem of determining the lower boundary of number correction speed in computing systems operating in the basis of non-positional arithmetic in residual classes. The topicality of the problem is necessitated by the search of methods allowing reducing the time for digital processing of signals in non-positional neuroprocessors. The work considers the variants for error correction with single and multiple control bases of the residue system. The proof is provided that allows justifying the adequacy of the modified method that implements paired zeroing of numbers in the system of residual classes. It was shown that the suggested solutions allow considerably reducing the time expenses for digital processing of signals in neuroprocessors specialized in summation and multiplication operations. The proof is elaborated by the method of mathematical induction.
Aspects of statistical quality control of products: choice of criteria for uniformity of dispersions
Authors: Faddeenkov A.V. , Landman L.A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Analysis and data processing methods allowing to identify nature of the obtained data and their interrelation quickly and accurately are widely demanded now. To identify the relationship between input and output variables, a researcher faces regression analysis tasks, in particular, the estimation of unknown parameters of regression models. In this case application of classical methods is limited by a number of assumptions, in particular, distribution heterogeneity on the measurement region. Using of various stable, nonparametric and adaptive estimation methods in the presence of heterogeneity in the random errors distribution has not been sufficiently studied on the measurement region, therefore the isolation of homogeneous sub-regions in the general heterogeneity measurement region could help to solve the problem of parameter estimation. The criteria for testing homogeneity hypotheses are very often used in various applications of the problems of statistical analysis. In this case we can talk about testing distribution homogeneity hypotheses corresponding to the samples being analyzed or about mean homogeneity or about variances homogeneity. The aim of the study is to investigate the power of parametric and nonparametric criteria under various competing hypotheses.