bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Micromarsupialization as Treatment of Ranula in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Silva Diego Filipe Bezerra , Neves Gabriella de Vasconcelos , Moura Rodrigo Queiroga de , Carvalho Sérgio Henrique Gonçalves de , Pereira Jozinete Vieira , Gomes Daliana Queiroga de Castro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ranulas are mucoceles located on the floor of the mouth. The main form of treatment for these lesions is surgical excision, but this can lead to complications such as hemorrhage, recurrence of the lesion, and damage to the lingual nerve. Thus, other therapeutic modalities are indicated, such as modified micromarsupialization, which is a simple technique and not associated with recurrences, and without the need of a new intervention in the postoperative period. An 11-year-old female child, nonwhite, presented with bubble-shaped lesion located on floor of the mouth, on the left side, with exophytic growth, sessile base, bluish coloration, measuring about 4.0 cm in diameter, showing well-defined limits, well-delimited contours and borders, smooth surface, and softened consistency. Under the diagnostic hypothesis of the ranula, a modified micromarsupialization was performed. After 90 days of observation, complete regression and repair of the lesion were observed, without recurrence. Modified micromarsupialization is a simple therapeutic modality, low cost, and well-tolerated by the patient, mainly the pediatric one, being considered very effective in the treatment of lesions of difficult clinical management, as the ranula.
Is Transnasal Endoscopic Marsupialization Sufficient in Thornwaldt Cysts?
Authors: Turan Şükrü , Gürbüz Melek Kezban , Kaya Ercan , Pinarbaşli Mehmet Özgür , Uzun Tankut , Çakli Hamdi 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
Thornwaldt cyst is a rare nasopharyngeal lesion that develops from primitive notochord residues. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term results of transnasal endoscopic marsupialization surgery in the treatment of Thornwaldt's cyst, its success and its qualification in the treatment.

Method:
The data of 21 patients who underwent transnasal endoscopic marsupialization surgery for symptomatic Thornwaldt cyst in our hospital between 2009 and 2015 and followed up regularly after the operation were reviewed retrospectively.

Results:
Eleven patients were female and 10 were male. The mean age of the patients was 35.5 years (15–60). All patients underwent transnasal endoscopic marsupialization as a surgical technique. No intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed. In all cases, the complaints regressed postoperatively. There was no recurrence at 4-year follow-up.

Conclusion:
Transnasal endocopic marsupialization as a surgical method can be performed safely in Thornwaldt cyst cases because of its easy applicability, short surgical time, low recurrence rates and efficacy in treatment.
Recurrent Bilateral Chronic Subdural Hematoma After Interventional Embolization Combined With Drilling and Drainage Treatment
Authors: Wang Henglu , Wang Chao , Li Zefu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The main treatment for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is surgical drilling and drainage. Meanwhile, the most accepted treatment strategy for bilateral CSDHs (bCSDHs) is unilateral evacuation only on the larger or symptomatic side because the contralateral hematoma is generally either small or asymptomatic. However, the probability of recurrence is high. To effectively reduce this recurrence rate, embolization has been proposed. Because middle meningeal artery embolization may effectively block the blood supply of the CSDH, its combination with drilling and drainage could be an effective treatment strategy for addressing unilateral CSDH (uCSDH). In addition, the recurrence mechanism of bCSDH may be not completely same as that of the uCSDH. Hence, the authors need find a more effective treatment for it.
Field Management of Facial Injuries in Sports
Authors: Hwang Kun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study reviews the epidemiology, diagnostic heuristics, and field management of sports-related facial injuries for sideline physicians.
Facial injuries account for 3% to 29% of sports injuries, and sports injuries account for 11.3% to 42.1% of facial fractures. In a previous series, fractures of the nasal bone were the most common in all sports (40%–60.5%); mandibular fractures were common in martial arts (33.3%) and soccer (11.1%), orbital bone fractures were common in basketball (20.0%), ice sports (18.2%), and baseball (15.8%), and fractures of the zygoma occurred frequently in martial arts (13.3%) and soccer (10.0%).
Facial lacerations may injure nerves (facial and trigeminal), salivary ducts (parotid or submandibular), and the lacrimal apparatus. Facial fractures are inspected by palpating the bony prominences bilaterally. For simple lacerations, if the player does not have to return to the court, the wound should be cleansed as needed, and surgical adhesives can be applied in the field. However, if return to play is an issue, sutures are recommended rather than surgical adhesives.
For nasal injuries involving a gross deformity, immediate closed reduction may not be necessary unless airway competency is compromised. Severe cases of nasal fracture treated immediately by closed reduction should be evaluated by a trained plastic surgeon.
In sports, facial injuries are prone to be missed, but their importance should not be neglected. Therefore, sideline physicians should be aware of the relatively high frequency of facial injuries, including facial bone fractures. They should have the knowledge needed to manage these injuries, and must prepare emergency management kits.
The Type and Content of Collagen Fibers of the Levator Aponeurosis in Patients With Simple Congenital Blepharoptosis
Authors: Miao Xiaoteng , Shan Tao , Wang Jiaqi 
Published: January 2020

Background:
The pathogenesis of congenital blepharoptosis remains controversial and most of the studies focused on the histologic changes of the levator muscle. However, thickening of the aponeurosis was reported in congenital blepharoptosis. And the thickness of the levator aponeurosis was found to be correlated with the levator function in congenital dysmyogenic blepharoptosis.

Purpose:
The authors conducted this research to investigate the histological changes of the levator aponeurosis of simple congenital blepharoptosis patients.

Patients and Methods:
The authors analyzed 12 levator aponeurosis from ptosis patients and 21 levator aponeurosis from the cadaver specimens without relative medical history. The specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin as well as Sirius red. The sections were examined under light-microscopy. The content and type of collagen fibers were examined with the photos taken of the sections stained with Sirius red under polarized light-microscopy.

Results:
The content and proportion of type I collagen increased significantly in the patient group compared with the cadaver group. The proportion of type I collagen was 97.5% in the patient group, while it was 51.5% in the cadaver group. However, no correlation was found either between the levator strength, degree of ptosis and the proportion of type I collagen in the patient group or between age, gender and proportion of type I collagen in the cadaver group.

Conclusions:
To our knowledge, this is the first time this phenomenon was discovered. The increase of type I collagen in the levator aponeurosis of the simple congenital blepharoptosis patients may imply the increased stiffness and undermined ability of transmitting forces, dissipate energy and prevent mechanical failure in the levator aponeurosis.
Rigid Fiber-Optic Device Intubation in a Child With Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis
Authors: Vitkovic Bibiana , Milic Morena , Filipan Dorotea , Dediol Emil 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The authors present a case of rigid fiber-optic device intubation in an 8-year-old boy with posttraumatic temporomandibular joint ankylosis. For this intention, a 5 mm diameter Bonfils fiberscope was used. Such practice has never been described before in pediatric patients with temporomandibular joint ankylosis. The procedure was successful and without complications. Therefore, the authors conclude that this method represents a useful alternative in difficult airway management in children with limited mouth opening.
Adenoviral.βARKct Cardiac Gene Therapy Ameliorates Cardiac Function Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass in A Swine Model
Authors: Cong Mulin , Fan Yiou , Zhu Fangfang , Ji Xianfei , Sun Liangong , Yang Ming , Li Na , Li Qiao , Tan Qi 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This study is to evaluate the effects of the Adenoviral βARKct (Adv. βARKct) myocardial gene transfection following cardioplegic arrest on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in a swine model.

Methods:
Swine models of cardioplegic arrest on CPB were established after 5 days of myocardial injection of Adv. βARKct or Adv. luciferase. The pigs were randomized into Adv. βARKct, Control, and Sham groups. Invasive hemodynamics, cardiac function, biomarkers, and tissue morphology were assessed.

Results:
Baseline data were similar among these groups. Hemodynamics and cardiac function showed a deteriorating trend throughout 6 h after weaning in βARKct and Control groups. Compared with Control group, Adv. βARKct treatment significantly elevated global and regional ventricular function (cardiac output, dp/dtmax, Ejection fraction, peak systolic longitudinal strain, and peak systolic strain rate) and altered hemodynamics (cardiac cycle efficiency and systemic vascular resistance). Moreover, inotropic score in βARKct group was gradually decreased to 5.0 ± 1.1, compared with Control group (6.2 ± 0.9), at 6 h after weaning. Biomarkers in βARKct group were significantly better than in Control group. Meanwhile, βARKct treatment reduced the histopathologic injuries, rescued β1-AR, SERCA2a, and RyR2 levels, and decreased the GRK2 levels in myocardial cells.

Conclusion:
Adv.βARKct inhibits GRK2 and ameliorates myocardial injuries following cardioplegic arrest on CPB, via stabilizing β1-AR, reducing mitochondrial damages and restoring sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-handling protein expression.
Detection of Cryptic Mosaicism in X-linked Alport Syndrome Prompts to Re-evaluate Living-donor Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Pinto Anna Maria , Daga Sergio , Fallerini Chiara , Bruttini Mirella , Baldassarri Margherita , Giliberti Annarita , Frullanti Elisa , Guarnieri Andrea , Garosi Guido , Renieri Alessandra 
Published: January 2020

Background.
Alport syndrome is a hereditary nephropathy caused by mutations in collagen IV genes and characterized by ultrastructural lesions of the glomerular basement membrane. Some patients have a negative family history with apparently de novo mutations. Although somatic mosaicism has been postulated, as cryptic mosaicism cannot be detected from mutational screening on peripheral blood samples, cases in kidney-confined mosaic form have been missed.

Methods.
We report the case of a 24-year-old male patient with X-linked Alport syndrome diagnosis due to a COL4A5 pathogenic mutation (c.3334_3337dup [p.Gly1113Alafs*25]). The same mutation had not been previously detected on a peripheral blood sample of maternal DNA. However, the mother, who was undertaking a clinical re-evaluation to take in consideration the possibility of a living-kidney transplantation, had experienced persistent microhematuria since the age of 10 years.

Results.
A next-generation sequencing approach performed on maternal DNA from both peripheral blood sample and urine-derived podocyte-lineage cells unmasked the COL4A5 mutation only in the podocyte-lineage cells.

Conclusions.
This finding unveils an early postzygotic event which can explain both the renal involvement and germline mosaicism. It changes the inheritance risk for each pregnancy raising it to 50% and underlines the need for different clinical management in the mother. This seems to indicate that a case-by-case more cautious approach is needed with mother-to-son kidney transplants.
Three-month Storage of Human Corneas in an Active Storage Machine
Authors: Garcin Thibaud , Gauthier Anne-Sophie , Crouzet Emmanuel , He Zhiguo , Herbepin Pascal , Perrache Chantal , Acquart Sophie , Cognasse Fabrice , Forest Fabien , Gain Philippe , Thuret Gilles 
Published: January 2020

Background.
Corneal storage for the very long term, without degradation, would make it possible to optimize a very limited resource worldwide. We previously demonstrated the superiority, compared to conventional 4-week passive organ culture (OC), of an active storage machine (ASM) that restores intraocular pressure and medium renewal. Here, we investigate eye banking for up to 3 months.

Methods.
In a randomized preclinical trial with 24 paired corneas, 1 was stored in OC and the other in ASM, using the same medium. Assessments were done on the second day and at 3 months: endothelial cell density (ECD in cells/mm2), corneal transparency and thickness. At day 86, OC corneas were deswelled in a common hyperosmotic medium, but not the ASM corneas, which had remained thin. In addition, at day 88, viable ECD was measured using a live/dead assay, and endothelial expression of Na+/K+ ATPase, Cox IV, ZO-1, N-CAM, and CD166 was observed.

Results.
The ASM extended storage to 3 months with unprecedented endothelial cell quality: no OC corneas remained suitable for transplantation, but one-third of ASM corneas were compliant (ECD > 2000/mm2). Given that corneas with ECD > 1600/mm2 were also usable for emergency, 58% of ASM corneas were usable versus 33% in OC. EC survival was 53% higher in ASM (P < 0.001), structural and functional proteins of ECs were much better preserved in ASM, and it prevented the constant major edema of OC.

Conclusions.
By extending graft survival to 3 months, the ASM will optimize eye banking and open up new perspectives in experimental research.
Binary and analog variation of synapses between cortical pyramidal neurons
Authors: Dorkenwald Sven , Turner Nicholas L. , Macrina Thomas , Lee Kisuk , Lu Ran , Wu Jingpeng , Bodor Agnes L. , Bleckert Adam A. , Brittain Derrick , Kemnitz Nico , Silversmith William M. , Ih Dodam , Zung Jonathan , Zlateski Aleksandar , Tartavull Ignacio , Yu Szi-Chieh , Popovych Sergiy , Wong William , Castro Manuel , Jordan Chris S. , Wilson Alyssa M. , Froudarakis Emmanouil , Buchanan JoAnn , Takeno Marc , Torres Russel , Mahalingam Gayathri , Collman Forrest , Schneider-Mizell Casey , Bumbarger Daniel J. , Li Yang , Becker Lynne , Suckow Shelby , Reimer Jacob , Tolias Andreas S. , Maçarico da Costa Nuno , Reid R. Clay , Seung H. Sebastian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLearning from experience depends at least in part on changes in neuronal connections. We present the largest map of connectivity to date between cortical neurons of a defined type (L2/3 pyramidal cells), which was enabled by automated analysis of serial section electron microscopy images with improved handling of image defects. We used the map to identify constraints on the learning algorithms employed by the cortex. Previous cortical studies modeled a continuum of synapse sizes (Arellano et al. 2007) by a log-normal distribution (Loewenstein, Kuras, and Rumpel 2011; de Vivo et al. 2017; Santuy et al. 2018). A continuum is consistent with most neural network models of learning, in which synaptic strength is a continuously graded analog variable. Here we show that synapse size, when restricted to synapses between L2/3 pyramidal cells, is well-modeled by the sum of a binary variable and an analog variable drawn from a log-normal distribution. Two synapses sharing the same presynaptic and postsynaptic cells are known to be correlated in size (Sorra and Harris 1993; Koester and Johnston 2005; Bartol et al. 2015; Kasthuri et al. 2015; Dvorkin and Ziv 2016; Bloss et al. 2018; Motta et al. 2019). We show that the binary variables of the two synapses are highly correlated, while the analog variables are not. Binary variation could be the outcome of a Hebbian or other synaptic plasticity rule depending on activity signals that are relatively uniform across neuronal arbors, while analog variation may be dominated by other influences. We discuss the implications for the stability-plasticity dilemma.
Designing signaling environments to steer transcriptional diversity in neural progenitor cell populations
Authors: Chen Sisi , Park Jong H. , Jiang Jialong , Tsou Tiffany , Rivaud Paul , Thomson Matt 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStem and progenitor populations within developing embryos are diverse, composed of different subpopulations of precursor cells with varying developmental potential. How these different subpopulations are coordinately regulated by their signaling environments is not well understood. In this paper we develop a framework for controlling progenitor population structure in cell culture using high-throughput single cell mRNA-seq and computational analysis. We find that the natural transcriptional diversity of neural stem cell populations from the developing mouse brain collapses during in vitro culture. Cell populations are depleted of committed neuroblast progenitors and become dominated by a single pre-astrocytic cell population. By analyzing the response of neural stem cell populations to forty combinatorial signaling conditions, we demonstrate that signaling environments can restructure cell populations by modulating the relative abundance of pre-astrocytic and pre-neuronal subpopulations according to a simple log-linear model. Our work demonstrates that single-cell RNA-seq can be applied to learn how to modulate the diversity of stem cell populations, providing a new strategy for population-level stem cell control.HighlightsNatural progenitor diversity in the brain collapses during in vitro culture to a single progenitor typeLoss of progenitor diversity alters fate potential of cells during differentiationLarge scale single-cell signaling screen identifies signals that reshape population structure towards neuronal cell typesSignals regulate population structure according to a simple log-linear modelGRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The color appearance of three-dimensional, curved, transparent objects
Authors: Ennis Robert , Doerschner Katja 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStudies on the perceived color of transparent objects have elucidated potential mechanisms but have mainly focused on flat filters that overlay a flat background. However, studies with flat filters have not captured all aspects of physical transparency, such as caustics, specular reflections/highlights, and shadows. Here, we investigate color matching experiments with three-dimensional transparent objects for different matching stimuli: a uniform patch and a flat filter overlaying a variegated background. Two different instructions were given to observers: change the color of the matching stimulus until it has the same color as the transparent object (for the patch and flat filter) or until it has the same color as the dye that was used to tint the transparent object (for the patch). Regardless of instruction or matching element, observers match the mean chromaticity of the glass object, but the luminance of matches depends on the backgrounds of the test image and the matching element, indicating that a color constancy-esque discounting operation is at work. We applied three models from flat filter studies to see if they generalize to our stimuli: the convergence model and the ratio of either the means (RMC) or standard deviations (RSD) of cone excitations. The convergence model does not generalize to our stimuli, but the RMC generalizes to a wider range of stimuli than the RSD. However, there is an edge case where RMC also breaks down and there may be additional features that trade-off with RMC when observers match the color of thick, curved transparent objects.
Quality assessment of single-cell RNA sequencing data by coverage skewness analysis
Authors: Abugessaisa Imad , Noguchi Shuhei , Cardon Melissa , Hasegawa Akira , Watanabe Kazuhide , Takahashi Masataka , Suzuki Harukazu , Katayama Shintaro , Kere Juha , Kasukawa Takeya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAnalysis and interpretation of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) experiments are compromised by the presence of poor quality cells. For meaningful analyses, such poor quality cells should be excluded to avoid biases and large variation. However, no clear guidelines exist. We introduce SkewC, a novel quality-assessment method to identify poor quality single-cells in scRNA-seq experiments. The method is based on the assessment of gene coverage for each single cell and its skewness as a quality measure. To validate the method, we investigated the impact of poor quality cells on downstream analyses and compared biological differences between typical and poor quality cells. Moreover, we measured the ratio of intergenic expression, suggesting genomic contamination, and foreign organism contamination of single-cell samples. SkewC is tested in 37,993 single-cells generated by 15 scRNA-seq protocols. We envision SkewC as an indispensable QC method to be incorporated into scRNA-seq experiment to preclude the possibility of scRNA-seq data misinterpretation.
Accuracy and Reproducibility of Somatic Point Mutation Calling in Clinical-Type Targeted Sequencing Data
Authors: Karimnezhad Ali , Palidwor Gareth A. , Thavorn Kednapa , Stewart David J. , Campbell Pearl A. , Lo Bryan , Perkins Theodore J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreating cancer depends in part on identifying the mutations driving each patient’s disease. Many clinical laboratories are adopting high-throughput sequencing for assaying patients’ tumours, applying targeted panels to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour tissues to detect clinically-relevant mutations. While there have been some benchmarking and best practices studies of this scenario, much variant-calling work focuses on whole-genome or whole-exome studies, with fresh or fresh-frozen tissue. Thus, definitive guidance on best choices for sequencing platforms, sequencing strategies, and variant calling for clinical variant detection is still being developed.ResultsBecause ground truth for clinical specimens is rarely known, we used the well-characterized Coriell cell lines GM12878 and GM12877 to generate data. We prepared samples to mimic as closely as possible clinical biopsies, including formalin fixation and paraffin embedding. We evaluated two well-known targeted sequencing panels, Illumina’s TruSight 170 panel and the Oncomine Focus panel. Sequencing was performed on an Illumina NextSeq500 and an Ion Torrent PGM respectively. We performed multiple biological replicates of each assay, to test reproducibility. Finally, we applied five different public and freely-available somatic single-nucleotide variant (SNV) callers to the data, MuTect2, SAMtools, VarScan2, Pisces and VarDict. Although the TruSight 170 and Oncomine Focus panels cover different amounts of the genome, we did not observe major differences in variant calling success within the regions that each covers. We observed substantial discrepancies between the five variant callers. All had high sensitivity, detecting known SNVs, but highly varying and non-overlapping false positive detections. Harmonizing variant caller parameters or intersecting the results of multiple variant callers reduced disagreements. However, intersecting results from biological replicates was even better at eliminating false positives.ConclusionsReproducibility and accuracy of targeted clinical sequencing results depends less on sequencing platform and panel than on downstream bioinformatics and biological variability. Differences in variant callers’ default parameters are a greater influence on algorithm disagreement than other differences between the algorithms. Contrary to typical clinical practice, we recommend analyzing replicate samples, as this greatly decreases false positive calls.