bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Surviving out of the Ashes” – An exploration of young adult service users' perspectives of mental health recovery
Authors: Mccauley Claire‐Odile , Mckenna Hugh , Keeney Sinead , Mclaughlin Derek 
Published: December 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

The conceptual components of mental health recovery have been proposed, however, the barriers to their sustainability within the context of internal and external stressors require further exploration.

Within their emerging adult role, young people will experience the personal challenges that will directly impact their understanding of their recovery, which will be different from other age groups.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Findings revealed recovery is understood as an uncharted, timely and personal process of engaging and transcending pain. Perceived barriers to mental health recovery and the internal dynamics experienced within the process have been explored.

Recovery in young adulthood involved the reclaiming of their active and purposeful life force. It acquires real‐life relevance when applied to the social and cultural factors that provide meaning in life for young adults.

What are the Implications for practice?

This research will impact how mental health nurses understand the catalytic effects of personal, social and cultural meaning of suffering in young adults’ actualization of mental health recovery.

Findings have significance for practice as the process of mental health recovery must not be presented as a clinical pathway, but understood as a personalized strategy of individual wellness in young adulthood.

AbstractIntroductionWithin their emerging adult role, young people will embark on employment, form intimate relationships and live independently. This indicates that how recovery is experienced and actualized in young adulthood may be different from other age groups.Aim/QuestionTo explore young adult service user's perspectives of mental health recovery in Northern Ireland.MethodSemi‐structured individual qualitative interviews were analysed using a Gadamerian‐based hermeneutic method and interpreted using a novel theoretical framework. The sample comprised 25 participants with an average age of 28 years.FindingsFive key themes evolved: Services: A Losing Battle Straight Away; From your Foundations to a Step in the Dark; Let Go of the Pain not the Experience; Surviving Out of the Ashes Recovery; and Needs to be More than a Word.DiscussionThe main findings were that recovery involved the reclaiming of their active and purposeful life force. It is suggested that young adults have developed an explanatory model of “use that stuff you wanna bury” to transform an illness narrative to a wellness strategy.Implications for PracticeThis research has implications for mental health nursing so the process of mental health recovery is not presented as a clinical pathway, but a personalized strategy of individual wellness.
A Specific Anteversion of Cup and Combined Anteversion for Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Lateral Approach
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Yu , Lin Yuan‐yuan , Li Zhen‐xing , Chen Liang , Chen Dao‐sen , Fan Pei 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the implant orientation, especially the combined anteversion measurements in total hip arthroplasty (THA) using lateral approach, and to compare with implant orientation using posterior‐lateral (P‐L) approach. The secondary goal was to identify the factors associated with implant orientation.MethodsFive hundred and one patients (545 hips) who underwent primary THA with the modified Hardinge approach between January 2016 and November 2019 by one senior surgeon in our department in a retrospective study were followed up. A survey to inquire about the history of dislocation of the hip after THA was designed and responses were gathered by telephone, WeChat software, and outpatient follow‐up. The mean age of the patients was 61.97 ± 11.72 years, and there were 254 males and 247 females. The average follow‐up time was 25.2 ± 13.7 months (range, 3.2–49.7 months). Among the patients who were followed up, 97 patients (104 hips) underwent computed tomography (CT) scans from L4 to the tuberosity of the tibia. The implant orientation, including the anteversion and inclination of the cup, anteversion of the stem, combined anteversion, and pelvic tilt were measured based on CT scans of these patients. The results were compared with the implant orientation reported in previous reports measured by CT. Factors that may be associated with implant orientation were investigated, including the patient's age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and diagnosis; size of the cup; diameter of the femoral head component; and pelvic tilt. Data and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0.ResultsNo cases of dislocation were found in the 501 patients (545 hips) who underwent primary THA during this period. The mean inclination and anteversion of the cups were 38.83° ± 5.04° (24.5°–53.1°) and 9.26° ± 11.19° (−15°–48°), respectively. The mean anteversion of the stem was 13.83° ± 10.7° (−10.2°–42.3°). The combined anteversion was 23.1° ± 13.4° (−7.4°–54.6°). Compared with the reported combined anteversion and anteversion of the cup, the mean anteversion of the cup and combined anteversion using the lateral approach were much lower than the reported values in the literature using the P‐L approach. Pelvic tilt was found to be the only independent factor for cup anteversion. Factors including age, sex, BMI, diagnosis, cup size, and diameter of the femoral head component were not associated with implant orientation.ConclusionTHA using the lateral approach yields smaller cup anteversion and combined anteversion values than using the P‐L approach. Pelvic tilt is the only predictor for cup anteversion.
Anesthesia for pediatric patients with anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis: A retrospective case series
Authors: Bell Marisa , Friedman Megan , Matar Marla , Sakmar Shinny , Wee Choo Phei , Ross Patrick , Nagoshi Makoto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionAnti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis is caused by auto‐antibodies that target the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor. Autonomic instability is a hallmark of the disease. The objective of this case series is to examine how anesthesia affects pediatric patients with this disease.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of 28 records in 17 patients who underwent anesthesia. Our primary outcomes were hemodynamic changes during the perioperative period. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation comprise our endpoints. A subgroup of patients, who underwent imaging with anesthesia, was then compared to controls.ResultsIn anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis cases, there were significant percent changes from baseline in heart rate; median = −14.3%, 95% CI (−19.3, −9.0), p < .01 at 30 min and −15.7%, (−21.1, −9.8), p < .01 at 60 min; in systolic blood pressure, −19.4%, (−23.7, −14.8) at 30 min, p < .01, and −14.8%, (−19.7, −9.5) at 60 min, p < .01; in diastolic blood pressure, −41.9%, (−46.9, −36.3), p < .01 at 30 min, and −37.5%, (−43.4, −30.9), p < .01 at 60 min. When compared to controls, there were no significant differences between the two groups across time of anesthesia (baseline to 60 min) in heart rate (p = .24), systolic blood pressure (p = .30), and diastolic blood pressure (p = .11). No patients experienced hemodynamic lability under anesthesia. One patient, with severe symptoms, died within 24 h of anesthesia.ConclusionAlthough pediatric patients with anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis experienced vital sign changes with anesthesia, they were not clinically significant and they behaved similarly to controls. Disease severity may be a risk factor for perioperative complications.
Prevalence and factors associated with substance use among Chinese immigrants in Spain: A mixed‐design study
Authors: Badanta Bárbara , Lucchetti Giancarlo , Fernández‐García Elena , Barrientos‐Trigo Sergio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs and its associated factors among Chinese immigrants living in Spain.Design and MeasuresA mixed‐method design, using surveys and semi‐structured interviews.SampleA total of 133 Chinese immigrants and stakeholders were assessed in the quantitative study and 7 stakeholders were interviewed in the qualitative study.ResultsThe use of tobacco and alcohol was higher than the use of illicit drugs in Chinese immigrants. The prevalence of daily smokers was greater in men than in women (37.3% vs. 2.5%, p < .001). Men consumed more alcohol (76% vs. 50.6%, p = .004) and more frequently (21.6% daily vs. 2.4%, p = .024) than women. The use of illicit drugs was low and Cannabis was the most illicit drug consumed (4%). Qualitative data revealed that due to a great workload, the workers tended to avoid behaviors of illicit drug consumption, but not of alcohol and tobacco, in which the consumption is associated with business meetings and leisure.ConclusionThis study found that Chinese immigrants in Spain consume more alcohol and tobacco than illicit drugs and that men have a high consumption compared to women. These findings reveal important cultural differences that should be addressed by public health managers in order to develop strategies that consider the characteristics of this population.
Continuing professional development among social‐ and health‐care educators
Authors: Koskimäki Minna , Lähteenmäki Marja‐Leena , Mikkonen Kristina , Kääriäinen Maria , Koskinen Camilla , Mäki‐Hakola Hanne , Sjögren Tuulikki , Koivula Meeri 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFuture social‐ and health‐care educators will be required to have versatile competence in educating professionals that reflects both the constantly changing health‐care environment and delivery of high‐quality patient care. Continuing professional development can be defined as a process that aims to increase educators' competence and well‐being, along with the effectiveness of an organisation. This study aimed to describe educators' continuing professional development and clarify the contribution of continuing education. The research applied a qualitative approach as only limited information about social‐ and health‐care educators' professional development currently exists.’ Data were collected by group interviews of 35 experienced social‐ and health‐care educators from six institutions of higher education and two vocational schools across Finland. An inductive content analysis yielded 39 subcategories, 11 categories and three main categories, namely, educators' approaches for developing professional competence, barriers to continuing education, and educators' continuing education needs. The educators reported that they maintain and develop their competence in versatile ways; for example, continuing professional development takes place through both formal continuing education and informal collaboration at daily work. Regarding barriers to continuing education, the educators most often cited the lack of planning and a lack of resources, for example, scheduling and financial factors. The continuing education needs of social‐ and health‐care educators are highly individual and should not only reflect organisational goals. The fact that this study only included experienced educators can be considered a limitation, as a sample that also included novice educators may have yielded different perceptions of continuing education and professional development. The results of the research can be utilised when designing the continuing professional development of educators at the individual, group or organisational level.
The influence of increased venous return on right ventricular dyssynchrony during acute and sustained hypoxaemia
Authors: Ewalts Michiel , Dawkins Tony , Boulet Lindsey M , Thijssen Dick , Stembridge Mike 
Published: December 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Right ventricular dyssynchrony is a marker of function that is elevated in healthy individuals exposed to acute hypoxia, but does it remain elevated during sustained exposure to high altitude hypoxia, and can it be normalised by augmenting venous return?
What is the main finding and its importance?
For the first time it is demonstrated that (i) increasing venous return in acute hypoxia restores the synchrony of right ventricular contraction and (ii) dyssynchrony is evident after acclimatisation to high altitude, and remains sensitive to changes in venous return. Therefore, the interpretation of right ventricular dyssynchrony requires consideration the prevailing haemodynamic state.
AbstractRegional heterogeneity in timing of right ventricular (RV) contraction (RV dyssynchrony; RVD) occurs when pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) is increased during acute hypoxia. Interestingly, RVD is not observed during exercise, a stimulus that increases both PASP and venous return. Therefore, we hypothesised that RVD in healthy humans is sensitive to changes in venous return, and examined whether (i) increasing venous return in acute hypoxia lowers RVD and (ii) if RVD is further exaggerated in sustained hypoxia, given increased PASP is accompanied by decreased ventricular filling at high altitude. RVD, PASP and right ventricular end‐diastolic area (RVEDA) were assessed using transthoracic two‐dimensional and speckle‐tracking echocardiography during acute normobaric hypoxia ( = 0.12) and sustained exposure (5–10 days) to hypobaric hypoxia (3800 m). Venous return was augmented with lower body positive pressure at sea level (LBPP; +10 mmHg) and saline infusion at high altitude. PASP was increased in acute hypoxia (20 ± 6 vs. 28 ± 7, P < 0.001) concomitant to an increase in RVD (18 ± 7 vs. 38 ± 10, P < 0.001); however, the addition of LBPP during hypoxia decreased RVD (38 ± 0 vs. 26 ± 10, P < 0.001). Sustained hypoxia increased PASP (20 ± 4 vs. 26 ± 5, P = 0.008) and decreased RVEDA (24 ± 4 vs. 21 ± 2, P = 0.042), with RVD augmented (14 ± 5 vs. 31 ± 12, P = 0.001). Saline infusion increased RVEDA (21 ± 2 vs. 23 ± 3, P = 0.008) and reduced RVD (31 ± 12 vs. 20 ± 9, P = 0.001). In summary, an increase in PASP secondary to acute and sustained exposure to hypoxia augments RVD, which can be at least partly reduced via increased venous return.
The acute effect of high‐ and moderate‐intensity interval exercise on vascular function before and after a glucose challenge in adolescents
Authors: Kranen Sascha H. , Oliveira Ricardo S. , Bond Bert , Williams Craig A. , Barker Alan R. 
Published: December 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
What is the effect of high‐intensity and moderate‐intensity interval running on macro‐ and microvascular function in a fasted state and following a glucose challenge in adolescents?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Both macro‐ and microvascular function were improved after interval running independent of intensity. This finding shows that the intermittent exercise pattern and its associated effect on shear are important for vascular benefits. In adolescents, macrovascular function was enhanced after an acute glucose load. However, the effect of chronic glucose consumption on vascular function remains to be elucidated.

AbstractInterventions targeting vascular function in youth are an important strategy for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This study examined, in adolescents, the effect of high‐intensity interval running (HIIR) and moderate‐intensity interval running (MIIR) on vascular function in a fasted state and postprandially after a glucose challenge. Fifteen adolescents (13 male, 13.9 ± 0.6 years) completed the following conditions on separate days in a counterbalanced order: (1) 8 × 1 min HIIR interspersed with 75 s recovery; (2) distance‐matched amount of 1 min MIIR interspersed with 75 s recovery; and (3) rest (CON). Macro‐ (flow‐mediated dilatation, FMD) and microvascular (peak reactive hyperaemia, PRH) function were assessed immediately before and 90 min after exercise/rest. Participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2 h after exercise/rest before another assessment of vascular function 90 min after the OGTT. Following exercise, both HIIR and MIIR increased FMD (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively) and PRH (P = 0.04, and P = 0.01, respectively) with no change in CON (FMD: P = 0.51; PRH: P = 0.16) and no significant differences between exercise conditions. Following the OGTT, FMD increased in CON (P < 0.01) with no changes in HIIR and MIIR (both P > 0.59). There was no change in PRH after the OGTT (all P > 0.40). In conclusion, vascular function is improved after interval running independent of intensity in adolescents. Acute hyperglycaemia increased FMD, but prior exercise did not change vascular function after the OGTT in youth.
The influence of aerobic exercise on mitochondrial quality control in skeletal muscle
Authors: Philp Ashleigh M. , Saner Nicholas J. , Lazarou Michael , Ganley Ian G. , Philp Andrew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMitochondria are dynamic organelles, intricately designed to meet cellular energy requirements. To accommodate alterations in energy demand, mitochondria have a high degree of plasticity, changing in response to transient activation of numerous stress‐related pathways. This adaptive response is particularly relevant in highly metabolic tissues such as skeletal muscle, where mitochondria support numerous biological processes related to metabolism, growth and regeneration. Aerobic exercise is a potent stimulus for skeletal muscle remodelling, leading to alterations in substrate utilisation, fibre‐type composition and performance. Underlying these physiological responses is a change in mitochondrial quality control (MQC), a term encompassing the co‐ordination of mitochondrial synthesis (biogenesis), remodelling (dynamics) and degradation (mitophagy) pathways. Understanding of MQC in skeletal muscle and the regulatory role of aerobic exercise of this process are rapidly advancing, as are the molecular techniques allowing the study of MQC in vivo. Given the emerging link between MQC and the onset of numerous non‐communicable diseases, understanding the molecular regulation of MQC, and the role of aerobic exercise in this process, will have substantial future impact on therapeutic approaches to manipulate MQC and maintain mitochondrial function across health span.
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A Machine Learning Approach to Predicting the Heat Convection and Thermodynamics of an External Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid
Authors: Alizadeh Rasool , Abad Javad Mohebbi Najm , Fattahi Abolfazl , Mohebbi Mohamad Reza , Doranehgard Mohammad Hossein , Li Larry K. B. , Alhajri Ebrahim , Karimi Nader 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study numerically investigates heat convection and entropy generation in a hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3–Cu–water) flowing around a cylinder embedded in porous media. An artificial neural network is used for predictive analysis, in which numerical data are generated to train an intelligence algorithm and to optimize the prediction errors. Results show that the heat transfer of the system increases when the Reynolds number, permeability parameter, or volume fraction of nanoparticles increases. However, the functional forms of these dependencies are complex. In particular, increasing the nanoparticle concentration is found to have a nonmonotonic effect on entropy generation. The simulated and predicted data are subjected to particle swarm optimization to produce correlations for the shear stress and Nusselt number. This study demonstrates the capability of artificial intelligence algorithms in predicting the thermohydraulics and thermodynamics of thermal and solutal systems.
On the Performance Enhancement of the Three-Blade Savonius Wind Turbine Implementing Opening Valve
Authors: Borzuei Daryoosh , Moosavian Seyed Farhan , Farajollahi Meisam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Unacceptable environmental pollution from the fossil fuel energy sources is increasing the demands on green energy concept and developing alternative solutions and has encouraged the international community to employ clean and renewable energy sources such as wind energy. Among different types of wind turbines, Savonius vertical axis in spite of its fascinating advantages including low rotational speed and noise, self-start capability, and independency relative to wind direction has gained less attention in industry due to low energy conversion efficiency. This paper investigates the insertion of a one-way opening valve on the three-blade Savonius wind turbine to reduce generated negative torque on convex side of the blade. Position, size, opening direction, and the opening angle limitation are defined as design parameters and 17 different scenarios in five main categories based on these parameters are modeled, simulated, and analyzed. Concluding, unlimited counter-clockwise large valve in position III exhibits 14% improvement in performance, which is promising.
Physics-Based Rate of the Penetration Prediction Model for Fixed Cutter Drill Bits
Authors: de Moura Jeronimo , Yang Jianming , Butt Stephen D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The drilling process is one of the most important and expensive aspects of the oil and gas industry. Its economic feasibility is a direct relation to good planning that has high dependence on an accurate prediction of the rate of penetration (ROP). Knowledge of drilling performance through ROP prediction models is a vital tool in the development of a consistent drilling plan and allows industry players to anticipate issues that may occur during a drilling operation. Additionally, as some drilling parameters (such as rotary speed, weight on bit (WOB), and drilling fluid flowrate), an accurate prediction of the ROP is crucial to the optimization of drilling performance and contributes to reducing drilling costs. Several approaches to predict the drilling performance have been tried with varying degrees of success, complexity, and accuracy. In this paper, a review of the history of drilling performance prediction is conducted with emphasis on rotary drilling with fixed cutter drill bits. The approaches are grouped into two categories: physics-based and data-driven models. The paper’s main objective is to present an accurate model to predict the drilling performance of fixed cutter drill bits including the founder point location. This model was based on a physics-based approach due to its low complexity and good accuracy. This development is based on a quantitative analysis of drilling performance data produced by laboratory experiments. Additionally, the validation and applicability tests for the proposed model are discussed based on drill-off tests (DOTs) and field trials in several different drilling scenarios. The proposed model presented high accuracy to predict the fixed cutter drill bit drilling performance in the 27 different drilling scenarios which were analyzed in this paper.