bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antigenic variants of influenza B viruses isolated in Japan during the 2017‐2018 and 2018‐2019 influenza seasons
Authors: Kato‐Miyashita Sari , Sakai‐Tagawa Yuko , Yamashita Makoto , Iwatsuki‐Horimoto Kiyoko , Ito Mutsumi , Tokita Akifumi , Hagiwara Haruhisa , Izumida Naomi , Nishino Tamon , Wada Noriyuki , Koga Michiko , Adachi Eisuke , Jubishi Daisuke , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Imai Masaki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundHere, we genetically and antigenically analyzed influenza B viruses (IBVs) isolated in Japan during the 2017‐2018 and 2018‐2019 influenza seasons.MethodsA total of 68 IBVs (61 B/Yamagata/16/88‐like [B/Yamagata]‐lineage and 7 B/Victoria/2/87‐like [B/Victoria]‐lineage) were antigenically and genetically characterized by using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays and phylogenetic analysis, respectively. The susceptibility of IBVs to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors was assessed by using a fluorescence‐based NA inhibition assay.ResultsAll 61 B/Yamagata‐lineage isolates were genetically closely related to B/Phuket/3073/2013, the vaccine strain for these two seasons. Eleven B/Yamagata‐lineage isolates tested were antigenically similar to B/Phuket/3073/2013 by the HI test. Seven B/Victoria‐lineage isolates were genetically closely related to B/Texas/02/2013, the WHO‐recommended vaccine strain for the 2017‐2018 season; however, they were antigenically distinct from B/Texas/02/2013 with an eightfold or 16‐fold difference in HI titer. Of these 7 isolates, 4 possessed a two‐amino‐acid deletion at positions 162 and 163 in hemagglutinin (HA) and the other 3 had a three‐amino‐acid deletion at positions 162‐164 in HA. Importantly, the variants with the three‐amino‐acid deletion appeared to be antigenically different from the B/Colorado/06/2017 virus with the two‐amino‐acid deletion, the vaccine strain for the 2018‐2019 season with a fourfold or eightfold difference in HI titer. One B/Yamagata‐lineage isolate carrying a G407S mutation in its NA showed a marked reduction in susceptibility to zanamivir, peramivir, and laninamivir.ConclusionsThese results highlight the need for continued monitoring for the prevalence of the antigenic variant with the three‐amino‐acid deletion and the variant with reduced NA inhibitor susceptibility.
Multiple lineages of hyper‐diverse Zopheridae beetles survived the New Zealand Oligocene Drowning
Authors: Buckley Thomas R. , Lord Nathan P. , Ramón-Laca Ana , Allwood Julia S. , Leschen Richard A. B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimDuring the late Oligocene (23 mya) the New Zealand landmass was reduced to approximately 18% of its current area. It has been hypothesized that this event, known as the Oligocene Drowning, caused population bottlenecking and mass extinction. Using phylogenetic methods, we examine the effect of this and other environmental events on the hyper‐diverse Zopheridae beetles (162 morphospecies), which largely inhabit leaf litter and dead wood.LocationNew Zealand.TaxonZopheridae, Coleoptera.MethodsHere we use a fossil‐calibrated phylogenetic tree estimated from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and nuclear large subunit rRNA genes to identify monophyletic New Zealand zopherid lineages and date the age of these lineages. We used Bayesian diversification models (compound Poisson process on mass extinction times) to test the hypothesis that the New Zealand zopherids underwent a mass extinction in the late Oligocene followed by an increase in speciation rate in the Miocene. We also used these data to estimate the age of these lineages in New Zealand.ResultsWe demonstrate that 15–20 zopherid lineages survived the Oligocene Drowning depending on the calibration scheme. Of these lineages from 3 to 11 have posterior intervals that encompass the rifting of New Zealand from Gondwana in the late Cretaceous, again depending on the calibration scheme. The diversification model shows no evidence of an increase in extinction rate during the Oligocene Drowning or during any other period since the Cretaceous. Furthermore, rather than recovering an increase in speciation rate during the Miocene and Pliocene, due to environmental changes, we instead recovered a large drop in the speciation rate during this time.Main conclusionsThe New Zealand zopherid fauna is a combination of lineages, some of which may have existed on New Zealand since the rifting from Gondwana and other more recent arrivals. The late Oligocene reduction in land area was insufficient to cause a mass extinction in the Zopheridae. This suggests the amount of emergent land was great enough to support a diverse invertebrate fauna. Our study demonstrates the different biogeographic patterns evident in cryptic, hyper‐diverse, and poorly dispersing invertebrate species relative to more mobile plants and animals.
Trait‐modulated decline of carabid beetle occurrence along elevational gradients across the European Alps
Authors: Chamberlain Dan , Gobbi Mauro , Negro Matteo , Caprio Enrico , Palestrini Claudia , Pedrotti Luca , Brandmayr Pietro , Pizzolotto Roberto , Rolando Antonio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo assess how species traits modulate the responses of carabids to elevational gradients, and how consistent these relationships are across different Alpine regions.LocationItalian Alps.TaxonColeoptera, Carabidae (ground beetles).MethodsCarabid communities were sampled using pitfall traps along elevational gradients (697–2,840 m) in 416 study sites comprising a range of habitat types. The probability of carabid occurrence was modelled in relation to elevation and its interaction with two key traits, body size and wing development, using a mixed‐modelling framework. The consistency of these associations was then assessed across three geographically separated regions.ResultsCarabid occurrence declined with increasing elevation, although this relationship was modulated by both body size and wing development. Smaller species were less likely to occur than larger‐bodied species at lower elevations. There was a steep decline in occurrence of larger species from low to high elevation, but a slight increase in smaller species, when considering all regions combined. All wing development types declined with elevation, most notably for brachypterous (reduced wings) species. However, these patterns also varied regionally, especially for wing development, indicating that trait‐elevation interactions are not geographically consistent. Habitat could not explain the differences between regions for body size, but was likely an important driver of regional differences in the role of wing development on carabid occurrence.Main conclusionsSpecies traits are important in explaining the distribution of carabids along elevational gradients in mountains, and they may help to identify the species that are the most vulnerable, and the most resilient, to future environmental change. Increased probability of occurrence of smaller species at higher elevations suggests that they may be particularly vulnerable to environmental change in the future. However, the difference in responses to elevation between regions has important implications for modelling species distributions, as it suggests low model transferability, that is, a trait‐based model derived from one region cannot necessarily be used to project relative elevational shifts in a wider area.
The first study comparing a wearable watch‐type blood pressure monitor with a conventional ambulatory blood pressure monitor on in‐office and out‐of‐office settings
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Shimbo Daichi , Tomitani Naoko , Kanegae Hiroshi , Schwartz Joseph E. , Williams Bryan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWearable blood pressure (BP) monitoring devices which measure BP levels accurately both in and out of the office are valuable for hypertension management using digital technology. The authors have conducted the first comparison study of BPs measured by a recently developed wrist‐worn watch‐type oscillometric BP monitoring (WBPM) device, the “HeartGuide,” versus BPs measured by an ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) device, A&D TM‐2441, in the office (total of 4 readings alternately measured in the sitting position) and outside the office (30‐minutes interval measurements during daytime) in 50 consecutive patients (mean age 66.1 ± 10.8 years). The 2 BP monitoring devices were simultaneously worn on the same non‐dominant arm throughout the monitoring period. The mean difference (±SD) in systolic BPs (average of 2 readings) between WBPM and ABPM was 0.8 ± 12.8 mm Hg (P = .564) in the office and 3.2 ± 17.0 mm Hg (P < .001) outside the office. The proportion of differences that were within ±10 mm Hg was 58.7% in the office and 47.2% outside the office. In a mixed‐effects model analysis, the temporal trend in the difference between the out‐of‐office BPs measured by the two devices was not statistically significant. In conclusion, the difference between the WBPM and ABPM device was acceptable both in and out of the office.
What is new in the 2018 Chinese hypertension guideline and the implication for the management of hypertension in Asia?
Authors: Wang Ji‐Guang , Chia Yook‐Chin , Chen Chen‐Huan , Park Sungha , Hoshide Satoshi , Tomitani Naoko , Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Shin Jinho , Turana Yuda , Soenarta Arieska Ann , Tay Jam Chin , Buranakitjaroen Peera , Nailes Jennifer , Van Minh Huynh , Siddique Saulat , Sison Jorge , Sogunuru Guru Prasad , Sukonthasarn Apichard , Teo Boon Wee , Verma Narsingh , Zhang Yu‐Qing , Wang Tzung‐Dau , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe new Chinese hypertension guideline comprehensively covers almost all major aspects in the management of hypertension. In this new guideline, hypertension remains defined as a systolic/diastolic blood pressure of at least 140/90 mm Hg. For risk assessment, a qualitative approach is used similarly as in previous Chinese guidelines according to the blood pressure level and the presence or absence of other risk factors, target organ damage, cardiovascular complications, and comorbid diseases. The therapeutic target is 140/90 mm Hg in general, and if tolerated, especially in high‐risk patients, can be more stringent, that is, 130/80 mm Hg. However, a less stringent target, that is, 150/90 mm Hg, is used in the younger (65‐79 years, if tolerated, 140/90 mm Hg) and older elderly (≥80 years). Five classes of antihypertensive drugs, including β‐blockers, can be used either in initial monotherapy or combination. The guideline also provided information on the management of hypertension in several special groups of patients and in the presence of secondary causes of hypertension. To implement the guideline recommendations, several nationwide hypertension control initiatives are being undertaken with new technology. The new technological platforms hopefully will help improve the management of hypertension and generate scientific evidence for future hypertension guidelines, including a possible Asian hypertension guideline in the near future.
Allergen‐specific immunotherapy with apples: selected cultivars could be a promising tool for birch pollen allergy
Authors: Nothegger B. , Reider N. , Covaciu C.E. , Cova V. , Ahammer L. , Eidelpes R. , Unterhauser J. , Platzgummer S. , Tollinger M. , Letschka T. , Eisendle K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost birch pollen‐allergic patients develop allergic cross‐reactions to the major allergen found in apples Mal d1, known as pollen‐related food allergy (prFA). This is due to a strong clinically relevant homology between the major allergen in birch Bet v 1 and Mal d 1. Daily apple consumption induces oral tolerance in prFA, but its effect on the inhalational allergy has not been investigated.ObjectivesAs continuous apple consumption might also mitigate the inhalational allergy, this study aimed to uncover apple cultivars suitable for treatment of birch pollen rhinoconjunctivitis and apple allergy in a controlled and established dosage.MethodsPatients (n = 52) with birch pollen allergy and prFA to apples were subjected to a prick‐to‐prick test (SPT) with 23 cultivars (red‐fleshed, old traditional and new commercial). By SPT, the apple parts flesh, peel equatorial and peel apical near the stalk were compared for their reactivity. One apple cultivar of each allergenicity class (low, middle and high) was subsequently tested in an oral provocation test (OPT).ResultsAccording to the SPTs, we provide a ranking of all 23 cultivars. Red‐fleshed apples displayed the lowest reactivity, followed by old and new cultivars. Four cultivars showed disagreement from their allergenicity class: Santana and Pink Lady®, new cultivars that provoked only low to moderate. In contrast, White Rosemary and Goldparmäne, two old cultivars, induced strong reactions. Skin reactivity increased from flesh to peel to stalk, and SPT results could predict the severity of prFA of each allergenicity class.ConclusionsHerein, we propose a treatment protocol for allergen immunotherapy to birch pollen and prFA with daily apple consumption. Red‐fleshed, old and the new cultivars Santana and Pink Lady® provoke less allergic reactions and are suitable for initial induction. After a controlled and well‐tolerated increase of intake, also moderate and finally high allergenic apple cultivars should be integrated into treatment of birch pollen allergenic patients.
Circulating microRNAs in extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers for psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Pasquali L. , Svedbom A. , Srivastava A. , Rosén E. , Lindqvist U. , Ståhle M. , Pivarcsi A. , Sonkoly E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsoriatic arthritis (PsA) develops in ~30% of patients with psoriasis. The diagnosis of PsA is challenging, and there are no reliable molecular markers in clinical use. MicroRNAs are short non‐coding regulatory RNAs, which can be actively packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs) and secreted to the circulation.ObjectivesTo explore whether plasma‐derived EV microRNAs may serve as biomarkers for PsA in patients with psoriasis.MethodsPlasma samples were obtained from patients with cutaneous‐only psoriasis (PsC) and patients with psoriasis and PsA. Plasma EVs were isolated using miRCURY™ Exosome Isolation Kit. RNA sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed EV miRNAs in the discovery phase (PsC, n = 15; PsA, n = 14). In the validation phase (PsC, n = 29; PsA, n = 28), 41 selected miRNAs were analysed in plasma EVs by qPCR. The association of the identified miRNAs with PsA was assessed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsRNA sequencing identified 19 plasma EV miRNAs with significantly different levels between PsA and PsC in the discovery cohort. Significantly lower levels of plasma EV let‐7b‐5p and miR‐30e‐5p in PsA vs. PsC were confirmed in the validation cohort, and their decreased levels were found to be associated with the presence of PsA. ROC analysis revealed an AUC of 0.68 (95% CI 0.53–0.83) for let‐7b‐5p and 0.69 (95% CI 0.55–0.84) for miR‐30e‐5p.ConclusionsCirculating EV microRNA levels are altered in patients with PsA as compared with PsC. Findings of this exploratory study suggest that circulating EV microRNAs may serve as biomarkers for arthritis in psoriasis patients.
Omalizumab response correlates with reduced IFN‐γ‐, IL‐10‐ and IL‐31‐secreting cells in chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Rauber M.M. , Pickert J. , Holiangu L. , Möbs C. , Pfützner W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe anti‐IgE antibody omalizumab has been approved for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) in patients insufficiently responding to antihistamines. However, its mode of action in CSU is not clearly understood.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to get a better insight in the immune mechanisms involved in clinical improvement of CSU patients treated with omalizumab.MethodsChronic spontaneous urticaria patients (n = 15) were followed for 5 months after initiation of omalizumab treatment. Clinical symptoms were assessed by UCT and CU‐Q2oL. Cell‐bound IgE was quantified on both FcεRI‐ and FcεRII‐expressing cell populations in peripheral blood. In addition, IgE and IgG as well as their receptors were measured on basophils, and basophil activation was assessed with different concentrations of anti‐FcεRI and fMLP. Furthermore, the frequencies of different T‐cell subsets secreting IL‐5, IL‐10, IL‐31 or IFN‐γ were analysed by ELISpot assay.ResultsSeven patients showed a full, five a partial and three no clinical response to omalizumab. Cell‐bound IgE was reduced on FcεRI‐bearing cells, but not on FcεRII‐expressing cells. Likewise, the expression of FcεRI declined. Basophil activation increased upon FcεRI‐stimulation while their sensitivity was not affected. Both basophil and T‐cell frequencies remained unchanged. However, when comparing the individual response to omalizumab treatment with distinct T‐cell subsets, a significant correlation was found between improved UCT and decreased frequencies of IL‐10‐, IL‐31‐ and IFN‐γ‐secreting T cells.ConclusionsWe here show that besides addressing IgE‐dependent immune mechanisms, omalizumab treatment of CSU patients has effects on distinct T‐cell subsets, which correlate with clinical improvement.
Dietary supplement of essential oil from oregano affects growth performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal morphology and antioxidant ability in Pekin ducks
Authors: Ding Xuemei , Wu Xuepeng , Zhang Keying , Bai Shiping , Wang Jianping , Peng HuanWei , Xuan Yue , Su Zhuowei , Zeng Qiufeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA study was conducted to investigate the effects of oregano essential oil (EO) on growth performance, nutrients utilization, intestinal morphology, intestinal barrier‐related gene expression and antioxidant capability in meat ducks. A total of 360 1‐day‐old ducks were divided into three groups (12 replicates pens per diet of 10 ducks in each pen): negative control (no essential oil or antibiotic), positive control (antibiotic: 500 mg/kg aureomycin of diet) and oregano EO (100 mg/kg of diet). The experiment was carried out for 35 days. Ducks were given feed and water ad libitum. Ducks fed EO supplement showed similar body weight and feed to gain ratio to antibiotic fed ducks. EO supplementation significantly increased (p < .05) feed intake (day 1–35), jejunal villus height (VH) to crypt depth (CD) ratio, serum superoxide dismutase activities (SOD) and jejunal total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) of ducks compared to controls. Ducks fed diets supplemented with oregano EO also had decreased (p < .05) jejunal CD, serum and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and the mRNA expression of jejunal zonula occludens‐3 (ZO‐3) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) genes in comparison to the control group. Compared to the antibiotic supplementation group, the mRNA expression of claudin1 (CLND1) and CLND2 significantly increased (p < .05), but the mRNA expression of ZO‐3 and mucin 2 markedly decreased (p < .05) in the jejunum of ducks in oregano EO supplementation group. These results suggest that oregano EO improves the antioxidant capacity and intestinal defence and structural measures and may aide in helping to maintain enteric health in production without growth‐promoting antibiotics.
Future Planning Among Families of Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Chung eun , Burke Meghan M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConsidering individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are having longer lives and outliving their parents, future planning has emerged as one of the most important topics in the IDD field. Without future planning, individuals with IDD and their families may be at greater risk for negative outcomes such as inappropriate living conditions of individuals with IDD (e.g., institutions) and greater anxiety for families. Thus, it is important to examine future planning for individuals with IDD. The purpose of this review was to synthesize the literature about future planning among families of individuals with IDD. Specifically, the purpose was to summarize the literature with respect to: existing future plans, barriers to future planning, benefits of future planning, and correlates of future planning. A systematic literature review was conducted about future planning among families of individuals with IDD. In total, 43 studies were identified. Results indicated that few families have conducted future planning for individuals with IDD. Further, family caregivers (e.g., siblings and parents) reported different barriers. However, conducting future planning benefitted all family members including individuals with IDD. It is necessary to conduct future planning with all family members, including individuals with IDD. Further, it is critical to include individuals with IDD in research about planning. Implications for future research, policy, and practice are discussed.
Photosynthetic and biochemical traits change in the green‐tide‐forming macroalga Ulva pertusa during sporulation1
Authors: Park Jihae 
Published: January 2020

The physiological and biochemical changes in the green macroalga Ulva pertusa during the progression of sporulation have been characterized. The transition from the vegetative to the sporulation stage was accompanied by an increase in chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), and carotenoid content, as well as an increase in DPPH scavenging and responsiveness to diphenylamine. However, oxygen evolution and maximum electron transport rate decreased. The discrepancy between photosynthetic performance and pigment content might relate to the self‐shading of spores within a sporangium. Spore‐forming U. pertusa thalli were low‐light‐adapted, due to an increase in the number of photosynthetic units. Decreased electron transport during sporulation might trigger sporulation, as for some cyanobacteria and other Ulva spp., via oxidization of the plastoquinone pool and cyclic phosphorylation, thus producing ATP to generate carbon and nitrogen skeletons required for spores. It is thus concluded that carotenoids function both in spore initiation and/or maturation and in their photoprotection.
Efficacy of dexamethasone, salbutamol, and reduced respirable particulate concentration on aerobic capacity in horses with smoke‐induced mild asthma
Authors: Bond Stephanie L. , Greco‐Otto Persephone , MacLeod Jacqueline , Galezowski Angelica , Bayly Warwick , Léguillette Renaud 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundMild asthma in horses decreases racing performance and impairs gas exchange. The efficacy of treatment on performance is unknown.HypothesisTreatment targeting lung inflammation improves O2peak in horses with mild asthma.AnimalsThoroughbred polo horses (n = 12) with smoke‐induced mild asthma. Horses were exposed to increased ambient particulate matter (35.51 μg/m3 [PM2.5]; day mean, centrally measured) from day −33 to 0, from bushfire smoke (natural model).MethodsProspective, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded clinical trial. All horses completed 3 O2peak tests, measuring aerobic and anaerobic variables: day 0 ‐baseline; day 16 ‐after dexamethasone (20 mg IM q24h; DEX, n = 6) or saline treatment (SALINE, n = 6), under improved ambient PM2.5 concentrations (7.04 μg/m3); day 17‐15‐30mins after inhaled salbutamol (1500 μg). Bronchoalveolar lavage and mucus scoring were performed on day −8 and day 20. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the effects of timepoint and treatment group on BAL differential cell counts, mucus scores, aerobic and anaerobic variables.ResultsHorses’ mucus scores improved significantly from day −8 to 20 by 1.27 ± .38 (P = .01). There was a significant increase in O2peak of 15.5 ± 4.0 mL(min.kg)−1 from day 0 to 17 (P = .002), representing an average (mean) increase in O2peak of 13.2%. There was no difference in V˙O2peak between treatment groups (SALINE versus DEX) at any timepoint.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis study highlighted the key role of improved air quality on functionally important airway inflammation. Evidence provided is central to increasing owner compliance regarding improved air quality for the treatment and prevention of mild asthma.