bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in 2D Metal Monochalcogenides
Authors: Sarkar Abdus Salam , Stratakis Emmanuel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe family of emerging low‐symmetry and structural in‐plane anisotropic two‐dimensional (2D) materials has been expanding rapidly in recent years. As an important emerging anisotropic 2D material, the black phosphorene analog group IVA–VI metal monochalcogenides (MMCs) have been surged recently due to their distinctive crystalline symmetries, exotic in‐plane anisotropic electronic and optical response, earth abundance, and environmentally friendly characteristics. In this article, the recent research advancements in the field of anisotropic 2D MMCs are reviewed. At first, the unique wavy crystal structures together with the optical and electronic properties of such materials are discussed. The Review continues with the various methods adopted for the synthesis of layered MMCs including micromechanical and liquid phase exfoliation as well as physical vapor deposition. The last part of the article focuses on the application of the structural anisotropic response of 2D MMCs in field effect transistors, photovoltaic cells nonlinear optics, and valleytronic devices. Besides presenting the significant research in the field of this emerging class of 2D materials, this Review also delineates the existing limitations and discusses emerging possibilities and future prospects.
Mesenchymal Transformation: The Rosetta Stone of Glioblastoma Pathogenesis and Therapy Resistance
Authors: Azam Zulfikar , TO Shing‐Shun Tony , Tannous Bakhos A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite decades of research, glioblastoma (GBM) remains invariably fatal among all forms of cancers. The high level of inter‐ and intratumoral heterogeneity along with its biological location, the brain, are major barriers against effective treatment. Molecular and single cell analysis identifies different molecular subtypes with varying prognosis, while multiple subtypes can reside in the same tumor. Cellular plasticity among different subtypes in response to therapies or during recurrence adds another hurdle in the treatment of GBM. This phenotypic shift is induced and sustained by activation of several pathways within the tumor itself, or microenvironmental factors. In this review, the dynamic nature of cellular shifts in GBM and how the tumor (immune) microenvironment shapes this process leading to therapeutic resistance, while highlighting emerging tools and approaches to study this dynamic double‐edged sword are discussed.
Ultrathinning Nickel Sulfide with Modulated Electron Density for Efficient Water Splitting
Authors: Fei Ben , Chen Ziliang , Liu Jiexian , Xu Hongbin , Yan Xiaoxiao , Qing Huilin , Chen Mao , Wu Renbing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeveloping nonprecious electrocatalysts via a cost‐effective methods to synergistically achieve high active sites exposure and optimized intrinsic activity remains a grand challenge. Here a low‐cost and scaled‐up chemical etching method is developed for transforming nickel foam (NF) into a highly active electrocatalyst for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The synthetic method involves a Na2S‐induced chemical etching of NF in the presence of Fe, leading to a growth of ultrathin Fe‐doped Ni3S2 arrays on the NF substrate (FexNi3‐xS2 @ NF). The combined experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the incorporated Fe cations significantly modulate the morphology and the surface electron density of Ni3S2, and thus significantly boost the electrochemically active surface area, electron transfer, and optimize the hydrogen/water absorption free energy. The developed Fe0.9Ni2.1S2 @ NF requires overpotentials of only 72 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for HER and 252 mV at 100 mA cm−2 for OER in 1.0 m KOH, respectively, enabling an alkaline electrolyzer at a low cell voltage of 1.51 V to drive 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting. More broadly, this synthetic approach is very versatile and can be used to synthesize other ultrathin metal sulfides (e.g., Fe–Cu–S, Fe–Al–S, and Fe–Ti–S).
Li10GeP2S12‐Type Superionic Conductors: Synthesis, Structure, and Ionic Transportation
Authors: Kato Yuki , Hori Satoshi , Kanno Ryoji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEver since the first report on Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) in 2011, its unique structure and exceptionally high lithium conductivity (>1 × 10−2 S cm−1) have attracted extensive interest, especially for applications in solid‐state ionics and batteries. Herein, studies of LGPS and its modifications are reviewed with a focus on the synthesis, structure, and ionic transportation of LGPS. For material synthesis, the relationships between LGPS and its precursor compounds such as Li3PS4 and Li4GeS4 are discussed. A technique for single‐crystal growth and a family of LGPS‐type materials that are chemically or structurally related to LGPS are then described. The crystal structure of LGPS is analyzed from the viewpoints of tetrahedral framework units, anion sublattice, and Li distributions; furthermore, the conduction mechanism is qualitatively analyzed. Subsequently, ionic transportation in LGPS is studied quantitatively. The origin of the high conductivity is discussed in terms of the activation energy, diffusion coefficient, and its related parameters; and these factors are compared to those of other non‐LGPS‐type conductors. Then, the battery applications are briefly summarized to indicate the potential merits of using LGPS‐type solid electrolytes with high lithium conductivity. Any remaining issues and possible research directions that have emerged from the aforementioned studies are finally highlighted.
Conjugated Polymer Nanomaterials for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Dai Chunhui , Pan Yutong , Liu Bin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExploration of robust and inexpensive photocatalysts for direct water splitting is highly desirable for solar energy utilization but remains a great challenge. Although some inorganic semiconductors have shown very promising activities, many suffer from low quantum efficiency and insufficient sunlight absorption or present environmental hazards. In recent years, conjugated polymer nanomaterials have rapidly become one of the most appealing candidates in photocatalysis, owing to their facile molecular functionalization, tunable optoelectronic properties, and good chemical stability. This essay highlights the recent advancement of conjugated polymer nanomaterials for solar water splitting. The research opportunities related to water photolysis together with the perspective and challenges in the field are discussed to inspire further exciting research in water splitting.
Fibrous Materials for Flexible Li–S Battery
Authors: Gao Yuan , Guo Qianyi , Zhang Qiang , Cui Yi , Zheng Zijian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is an attractive high‐energy‐density technology for future flexible and wearable electronics, but it is a challenge to simultaneously realize adequate flexibility, stability, and energy density. Recent studies show that fibrous materials are promising to achieve flexible batteries with high energy density, by taking advantages of their intrinsic flexibility, lightweight, large surface area, and cost‐effectiveness. With a good tunability of the structure and function, fibrous materials can be suitable to construct various components of a working battery, including current collectors, buffer layers, interlayers, and solid‐state electrolytes. This review summarizes the recent development of fibrous materials for flexible Li–S batteries, with an emphasis on the discussion of the synthesis and preparation of materials, design of fibrous structures and functionalities, and layout of battery cells for achieving high Coulombic efficiency, long cycle life, and good flexibility.
High Power Factor and Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance in Sc and Bi Codoped GeTe: Insights into the Hidden Role of Rhombohedral Distortion Degree
Authors: Liu Zihang , Gao Weihong , Zhang Wenhao , Sato Naoki , Guo Quansheng , Mori Takao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractModification of crystal symmetry induced by chemical doping or alloying is well known to optimize the charge carrier transport properties in thermoelectric materials. Historically, the altered defect chemistry of the targeted materials, however, has long been neglected or underestimated, which may, in turn, favorably or adversely affect the thermoelectric properties. Herein, using a case study of thermoelectric GeTe, first, the hidden role of rhombohedral distortion degree on the Ge‐vacancy formation energy is theoretically unraveled, and it is experimentally found that Sc and Bi codoping realize a superior thermoelectric performance. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the distorted rhombohedral lattice closer to cubic would unexpectedly induce the significantly decreased formation energy of Ge vacancies, resulting in the spontaneous formation of higher‐concentration Ge vacancies. Sc doping is found to be the most effective dopant to reduce the carrier concentration without obviously affecting the rhombohedral distortion degree, leading to the realization of a record‐high power factor. Benefiting from the suppressed thermal conductivity by further Bi doping, an ultrahigh average ZT ≈1.2 from 300 to 723 K is achieved. These discoveries provide new insights into the relationship between crystal symmetry and defect chemistry, and also promote GeTe materials for future thermoelectric applications.
Identification of wetting agents for water conservation on deficit‐irrigated hybrid bermudagrass fairways
Authors: Xiang Mingying , Schiavon Marco , Orlinski Pawel , Forconi Alessio , Baird James H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWetting agents have been reported to alleviate localized dry spot and save water while maintaining turf quality at an acceptable level. However, limited research has been conducted on comparing the effects of different wetting agent products. A study was conducted from May to October in 2018 and 2019 in Riverside, CA to evaluate 10 wetting agent treatments on performance of ‘Tifway II’ hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy] under deficit irrigation at three reference evapotranspiration (ETo) levels: 45, 55, and 65% ETo. Ten wetting agent treatments were selected based on manufacturer recommendations. Plots were evaluated for visual turf quality, percent green cover (PGC), dark green color index, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil volumetric water content, soil moisture variability, and proline content in dry‐leaf samples. Wetting agent treatments improved turf quality and PGC, and decreased soil moisture variability. Moreover, up to 16% increase in soil moisture levels was observed on treated vs. untreated control. No differences were observed for NDVI, proline content in leaves, or fall color retention. Overall, soil moisture variability declined in 2019, and turf quality improved in both years when any wetting agent treatment was applied, and only minor differences were observed among wetting agent treatments evaluated in this study. Other physiological indicators and soil rootzone characteristics are needed to gauge the effects of wetting agents under deficit‐irrigated turfgrass.
Consequences of treatment for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a patient with undiagnosed Gaucher disease Type 1
Authors: Anderson Hans E. , Taylor Matthew R. G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGaucher disease, a lysosomal storage disorder and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a disorder of the immune system, have several overlapping clinical features including cytopenias, elevated serum ferritin, and splenomegaly. Prior reports of acute infantile neuronopathic, Type 2 Gaucher disease manifesting with signs of HLH have been published. Here we describe an adult patient who was initially suspected of having HLH, and was treated with a 10‐day course of etoposide and a 5‐day course alemtuzumab for presumptive HLH, only to later to have his presentation be determined to be due to Type 1 Gaucher disease. HLH chemotherapy treatment appeared to trigger a severe Gaucher acute pain crisis and extensive bony disease including avascular necrosis. Prolonged immunosuppression, and recurrent infections further complicated a lengthy hospitalization. We discuss the clinical overlap between Gaucher and HLH and the iatrogenic consequences of HLH‐directed therapy on underlying Type 1 Gaucher disease.
Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome in diverse populations
Authors: Tekendo‐Ngongang Cedrik , Owosela Babajide , Fleischer Nicole , Addissie Yonit A. , Malonga Bryan , Badoe Ebenezer , Gupta Neerja , Moresco Angélica , Huckstadt Victoria , Ashaat Engy A. , Hussen Dalia Farouk , Luk Ho‐Ming , Lo Ivan F. M. , Hon‐Yin Chung Brian , Fung Jasmine L. F. , Moretti‐Ferreira Danilo , Batista Letícia Cassimiro , Lotz‐Esquivel Stephanie , Saborio‐Rocafort Manuel , Badilla‐Porras Ramses , Penon Portmann Monica , Jones Kelly L. , Abdul‐Rahman Omar A. , Uwineza Annette , Prijoles Eloise J. , Ifeorah Ifeanyi Kanayo , Llamos Paneque Arianne , Sirisena Nirmala D. , Dowsett Leah , Lee Sansan , Cappuccio Gerarda , Kitchin Carolyn Sian , Diaz‐Kuan Alicia , Thong Meow‐Keong , Obregon María Gabriela , Mutesa Leon , Dissanayake Vajira H. W. , El Ruby Mona O. , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola , Ekure Ekanem Nsikak , Stevenson Roger E. , Muenke Maximilian , Kruszka Paul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is an autosomal dominant disorder, caused by loss‐of‐function variants in CREBBP or EP300. Affected individuals present with distinctive craniofacial features, broad thumbs and/or halluces, and intellectual disability. RSTS phenotype has been well characterized in individuals of European descent but not in other populations. In this study, individuals from diverse populations with RSTS were assessed by clinical examination and facial analysis technology. Clinical data of 38 individuals from 14 different countries were analyzed. The median age was 7 years (age range: 7 months to 47 years), and 63% were females. The most common phenotypic features in all population groups included broad thumbs and/or halluces in 97%, convex nasal ridge in 94%, and arched eyebrows in 92%. Face images of 87 individuals with RSTS (age range: 2 months to 47 years) were collected for evaluation using facial analysis technology. We compared images from 82 individuals with RSTS against 82 age‐ and sex‐matched controls and obtained an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.99 (p < .001), demonstrating excellent discrimination efficacy. The discrimination was, however, poor in the African group (AUC: 0.79; p = .145). Individuals with EP300 variants were more effectively discriminated (AUC: 0.95) compared with those with CREBBP variants (AUC: 0.93). This study shows that clinical examination combined with facial analysis technology may enable earlier and improved diagnosis of RSTS in diverse populations.
PPP1R21‐related syndromic intellectual disability: Report of an adult patient and review
Authors: Loddo Sara , Alesi Viola , Radio Francesca Clementina , Genovese Silvia , Di Tommaso Silvia , Calvieri Giusy , Orlando Valeria , Bertini Enrico , Dentici Maria Lisa , Novelli Antonio , Dallapiccola Bruno 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVariants in PPP1R21 were recently found to be associated with an autosomal recessive intellectual disability syndrome in 9 individuals. Our patient, the oldest among the known subjects affected by PPP1R21‐related syndrome, manifested intellectual disability, short stature, congenital ataxia with cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, generalized hypertrichosis, ulcerative keratitis, muscle weakness, progressive coarse appearance, macroglossia with fissured tongue, and deep palmar and plantar creases. We provide an overview of the clinical spectrum and natural history of this newly recognized disorder, arguing the emerging notion that PPP1R21 gene mutations could result in endolysosomal functional defects. The oldest patients could display a more severe clinical outcome, due to accumulation of metabolites or damage secondary to an alteration of the autophagy pathway. Follow‐up of patients with PPP1R21 mutations is recommended for improving the understanding of PPP1R21‐related syndromic intellectual disability.
Fabrication of robust self‐cleaning superhydrophobic coating by deposition of polymer layer on candle soot surface
Authors: Sutar Rajaram S. , Latthe Sanjay S. , Nagappan Saravanan , Ha Chang‐Sik , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Liu Shanhu , Xing Ruimin , Bhosale Appasaheb K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA facile and inexpensive way have been developed to fabricate robust self‐cleaning superhydrophobic coating by depositing polymer layer on candle soot (CS) surface using dip coating method. The stability and robustness of the CS deposited superhydrophobic surface is much weaker due to weak interaction and nonchemical bonding with the substrate. We introduced a thin layer of polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene (PP), and polyvinylidene fluoride on CS surface in order to improve its mechanical properties. The fabricated surfaces with the use of respective polymers exhibited water contact angles of nearly 170, 174, 175, and 171° with sliding angles of 2, 1, 1, and 3°, respectively. Although, all the polymers used in this work exhibited excellent superhydrophobic and self‐cleaning surface property, we found that the PP deposited CS surface exhibit better stability against water jet hitting and water drop impact tests. The PP deposited CS surface almost maintained their surface properties even after 50 cycles of sandpaper abrasion and 20 cycles of adhesive tape peeling tests. The mechanical durability tests confirmed that PP is a better polymer to improve the long‐term durability of CS surface. Therefore, this simple, time saving, and inexpensive method for fabricating superhydrophobic coating can be used for potential industrial application.
Comparative study on the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes filled polypropylene and polyamide 6 micromoldings
Authors: Mei Junqi , Lei Xue , Liang Mei , Wu Hang , Zhou Shengtai , Zou Huawei , Chen Yang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, a series of carbon nanotubes filled polypropylene (PP/CNT) and polyamide 6 (PA6/CNT) composites were prepared by melt blending and subsequently molded by compression molding and microinjection molding (μIM), respectively. Electrical conductivity results indicate that the percolation threshold of corresponding microparts shifted to higher filler concentrations when compared with that of compression molded counterparts, suggesting the prevailing shearing conditions in μIM is unfavorable for the construction of conductive pathways. In addition, Raman spectral analysis shows that there is a preferential alignment of CNTs along the flow direction of microparts. Thermal properties of both melt blended samples and subsequent microparts were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The mechanical properties of subsequent microparts are greatly affected by filler concentration, which might be related to the structural change that induced by the state of dispersion of CNTs.
Preparation and characterization of ethanol‐induced chitosan‐glutaric anhydride hydrogel for biomedical applications
Authors: Lei Zhou , Huang Ruiqi , Li Xuqin , Fang Zhou , Sheng Jie , Song Yishan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHere we report a novel, fast, and facile sythesis of chitosan‐based hydrogels by ethanol directly inducing. In the present of ethanol, chitosan (CS) with glutaric anhydride (GA) could form hydrogels (CS‐GA‐Hs) just in few minutes. The results of 1H NMR and FTIR confirmed N‐acylation substitution of chitosan. Furthermore, the relative concentration of GA was also the critical parameter for formation and properties of CS‐GA‐Hs. When the concentration was 1.5, CS‐GA‐Hs showed the highest swelling (253.6%) and release degree (99.9%). The porous structure of CS‐GA‐Hs were observed by SEM and the pore size of the gels decreased from 500 to 200 μm, when the relative concentration of GA was changed from 1.5 to 4. And all the hydrogels were demonstrated a good mechanical properties. Additionally, the CS‐GA‐Hs showed in vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and no cytotoxicity toward L929 mouse fibroblasts, meaning it has potential applications in biomedical fields.
Synergetic toughening of poly(phenylene sulfide) by poly(phenylsulfone) and poly(ethylene‐ran‐methacrylate‐ran‐glycidyl methacrylate)
Authors: Nara Saori , Sagawa Hiroki , Saito Hiromu , Oyama Hideko T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPoly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) is a high‐performance super‐engineering plastic, but is brittle. In this study, super‐tough PPS‐based blends were successfully generated by melt blending PPS with poly(ethylene‐ran‐methacrylate‐ran‐glycidyl methacrylate) (EGMA) and poly(phenylsulfone) (PPSU) at (56/14/30) PPS/EGMA/PPSU composition, and their toughening mechanisms were investigated in detail. It was demonstrated the interfacial reaction between PPS and EGMA and partial miscibility between PPS and PPSU, both play important synergistic roles on the toughening. The interfacial reaction between PPS and EGMA contributes to the reduction of the PPSU domain size by the increased viscosity of the PPS matrix containing EGMA, and the increased mobility of EGMA chains by negative pressure effect. The partial miscibility between PPS and PPSU contributes to the increased interfacial adhesion between PPS and PPSU, resulting in effective propagation of the impact to the domains, and the increased mobility of not only PPSU chains but also PPS chains, causing a reduction in crystallization.
Synthesis and in silico studies of triazene‐substituted sulfamerazine derivatives as acetylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrases inhibitors
Authors: Bilginer Sinan , Gul Halise I. , Anil Baris , Demir Yeliz , Gulcin Ilhami 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel series of sulfonamides, 4‐(3‐phenyltriaz‐1‐en‐1‐yl)‐N‐(4‐methyl‐2‐pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamides (1–9), was designed and synthesized by the diazo reaction between sulfamerazine and substituted aromatic amines for the first time. Their chemical structures were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and high‐resolution mass spectra. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated in terms of acetylcholineasterase (AChE) and human carbonic anhydrases (hCA) I and II isoenzymes inhibitory activities. According to the AChE inhibition results, the Ki values of the compounds 1–9 were in the range of 19.9 ± 1.5 to 96.5 ± 20.7 nM against AChE. Tacrine was used as the reference drug and its Ki value was 49.2 ± 2.7 nM against AChE. The Ki values of the compounds 1–9 were in the range of 10.2 ± 2.6 to 101.4 ± 27.8 nM against hCA I, whereas they were 18.3 ± 4.4 to 48.1 ± 4.5 nM against hCA II. Acetazolamide was used as a reference drug and its Ki values were 72.2 ± 5.4 and 52.2 ± 5.7 nM against hCA I and hCA II, respectively. The most active compounds, 1 (nonsubstituted) against AChE, 5 (4‐ethoxy‐substituted) against hCA I, and 8 (4‐bromo‐substituted) against hCA II, were chosen and docked at the binding sites of these enzymes to explain the inhibitory activities of the series. The newly synthesized compounds presented satisfactory pharmacokinetic properties via the estimation of ADME properties.