bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic rates of Neomysis americana (Smith, 1873) (Mysida: Mysidae) from a temperate estuary vary in response to summer temperature and salinity conditions
Authors: Chapina Rosaura J , Rowe Christopher L , Woodland Ryan J 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe mysid Neomysis americana (Smith, 1873) is native to shallow shelf waters and estuaries of the western Atlantic coast of North America. Despite the important role mysids such as N. americana play in estuarine ecosystems as both consumers and as prey for higher trophic levels, there is limited information on how metabolism influences their spatial ecology and habitat requirements. In tributaries of Chesapeake Bay, MD, USA, previous research has shown that summer water temperatures can approach the lethal upper tolerance limit for N. americana. We measured the per capita metabolic rate (µgO2 min–1) of N. americana from the upper Patuxent River near Benedict, MD, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay in the laboratory to evaluate the metabolic response to salinity and temperature conditions that mysids experience in natural habitats. Sex-specific and diel patterns in metabolic rate were quantified. Metabolic rates did not differ between night and day and there was no significant difference in metabolic rate between males and females, exclusive of gravid females. Metabolic rates were lowest in salinity treatments of 2 and 8 at 29 °C, and highest in the salinity 2 treatment at 22 °C. Only temperature had a statistically significant, albeit unexpected, effect. This study shows that the metabolic response of N. americana to temperature and salinity conditions is complex and plastic, and that metabolic rates can vary 3–4 fold within realistic summer temperature and salinity conditions. As environmental conditions continue to change, understanding metabolic response of mysids to realistic salinity and temperature conditions is necessary for understanding their distributions in temperate estuaries.
Habitat associations and distributions of two endemic crayfishes, Cambarus (Erebicambarus) maculatus Hobbs & Pflieger, 1988 and Faxonius (Billecambarus) harrisonii (Faxon, 1884) (Decapoda: Astacoidea: Cambaridae), in the Meramec River drainage, Missouri, USA
Authors: Chilton Joe , Rosenberger Amanda E , DiStefano Robert J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Understanding the habitat associations and distributions of rare species is important to inform management and policy decisions. Cambarus (Erebicambarus) maculatus Hobbs & Pflieger, 1988, the freckled crayfish, and Faxonius (Billecambarus) harrisonii (Faxon, 1884), the belted crayfish, are two of Missouri’s endemic crayfish species. Both species are listed as Vulnerable (S3) on Missouri’s Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist due to their limited range within the Meramec River drainage (MRD) and the impact of anthropogenic activities therein. Their distributional overlap offers an opportunity for multi-species research to address gaps in information required for conservation. We sampled 140 sites throughout the MRD during the summers of 2017 and 2018 for crayfishes and associated habitat variables, which we related to crayfish presence in an occupancy modeling framework. We found that C. maculatus occupancy was associated with larger stream size, boulder substrate, dolomite lithology, aquatic vegetation beds, dissolved oxygen, and pool mesohabitat. Faxonius harrisonii occupancy increased with boulder substrate, aquatic vegetation beds, the presence of C. maculatus, and decreased in third-order streams. We also expanded the known range for both species within the MRD. Range estimates (watershed area) for C. maculatus and F. harrisonii were 4,347 km2 and 3,690 km2, respectively. This study demonstrates the importance of targeted rather than opportunistic sampling for species distribution.
Side Effects of Organic Products on Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)
Authors: Battisti Lucas , Warmling Jheniffer V , Vieira Claudinei F , Oliveira Darlin H R , Lima Yuri R A , Potrich Michele , Bueno Adeney F , Lozano Everton R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 is an important biocontrol agent, both in conventional and organic production systems. It can be used in association with other control strategies, such as natural botanical products and biological insecticides. Studies of selectivity and side effects are fundamental for proper management of insect control strategies because the interaction between different control strategies may negatively affect T. podisi. In this context, the present study evaluated the side effects of commercial natural products on T. podisi under laboratory conditions. Five natural products (insecticide, fungicide, and leaf fertilizer) allowed in organic farming were evaluated at concentrations recommended by the manufacturer in three bioassays. First bioassay (free-choice test), the preference of T. podisi parasitism between treated and non-treated E. heros eggs was assessed. In the second and third bioassay (no-choice tests) the treatments were applied to E. heros eggs, repectively before and after T. podisi parasitism (pre- and post-parasitism) and parasitism, emergence, offspring sex ratio, developmental time, and adult longevity were assessed. The products formulated with Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. (Hypocreales), Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Hypocreales), orange oil fertilizer, and the fungicide copper oxychloride did not have side effects on T. podisi because they did not affect most of the evaluated characteristics. In contrast, azadirachtin A/B had a sublethal effect due to the reduced parasitism in all tests performed and, although it did not affect other aspects, this could compromise the performance of the parasitoid.
Tableaux for essence and contingency
Authors: Venturi Giorgio , Teixeira Yago Pedro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We offer tableaux systems for logics of essence and accident and logics of non-contingency, showing their soundness and completeness for Kripke semantics. We also show an interesting parallel between these logics based on the semantic insensitivity of the two non-normal operators by which these logics are expressed.
Scaling Up the Surveillance of Childhood Cancer: A Global Roadmap
Authors: Piñeros Marion , Mery Les , Soerjomataram Isabelle , Bray Freddie , Steliarova-Foucher Eva 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The World Health Organization recently launched the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer aiming to substantially increase survival among children with cancer by 2030. The ultimate goal concerns particularly less developed countries where survival estimates are considerably lower than in high-income countries where children with cancer attain approximately 80% survival. Given the vast gap in high-quality data availability between more and less developed countries, measuring the success of the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer will also require substantial support to childhood cancer registries to enable them to provide survival data at the population level. Based on our experience acquired at the International Agency for Research on Cancer in global cancer surveillance, we hereby review crucial aspects to consider in the development of childhood cancer registration and present our vision on how the Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development can accelerate the measurement of the outcome of children with cancer.
Epigenome-Wide Association Study Using Prediagnostic Bloods Identifies New Genomic Regions Associated With Pancreatic Cancer Risk
Authors: Michaud Dominique S , Ruan Mengyuan , Koestler Devin C , Pei Dong , Marsit Carmen J , De Vivo Immaculata , Kelsey Karl T 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Epigenome-wide association studies using peripheral blood have identified specific sites of DNA methylation associated with risk of various cancers and may hold promise to identify novel biomarkers of risk; however, few studies have been performed for pancreatic cancer and none using a prospective study design.

Methods
Using a nested case-control study design, incident pancreatic cancer cases and matched controls were identified from participants who provided blood at baseline in 3 prospective cohort studies. DNA methylation levels were measured in DNA extracted from leukocytes using the Illumina MethylationEPIC array. Average follow-up period for this analysis was 13 years.

Results
Several new genomic regions were identified as being differentially methylated in cases and controls; the 5 strongest associations were observed for CpGs located in genes TMEM204/IFT140, MFSD6L, FAM134B/RETREG1, KCNQ1D, and C6orf227. For some CpGs located in chromosome 16p13.3 (near genes TMEM204 and IFT140), associations were stronger with shorter time to diagnosis (eg, odds ratio [OR] = 5.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.52 to 23.12, for top vs bottom quartile, for &lt;5 years between blood draw and cancer diagnosis), but associations remained statistically significantly higher even when cases were diagnosed over 10 years after blood collection. Statistically significant differences in DNA methylation levels were also observed in the gastric secretion pathway using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis.

Conclusions
Changes in DNA methylation in peripheral blood may mark alterations in metabolic or immune pathways that play a role in pancreatic cancer. Identifying new biological pathways in carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer using epigenome-wide association studies approach could provide new opportunities for improving treatment and prevention.
Assessing Response Quality by Using Multivariate Control Charts for Numerical and Categorical Response Quality Indicators
Authors: Jin Jiayun , Loosveldt Geert 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
When assessing interview response quality to identify potentially low-quality interviews, both numerical and categorical response quality indicators (mixed indicators) are usually available. However, research on how to use them simultaneously is very rare. In the current article, we extend the application of conventional multivariate control charts to include response quality indicators that are of a mixed type. We analyze data from the eighth round of the European Social Survey in Belgium, characterized by six numerical and two categorical response quality indicators. First, we employ a principal component analysis mix procedure (PCA Mix) to transform the mixed quality indicators into principal components. The principal component scores are subsequently used to construct a Hotelling T2 statistic. To deal with the non-multivariate normal nature of the principal component scores obtained from the PCA Mix, a nonparametric bootstrap method is then applied to calculate the control limit for the T2 statistic. Second, we suggest tools to interpret an identified outlier in terms of finding the responsible original indicator(s). Third, we present a cyclic procedure for determining the “in-control” data, by iteratively removing the outliers until the process is considered as being in control. Lastly, we identify the most important indicators that discriminate the outliers from the in-control data. Our results imply that multivariate control charts based on relevant projection tools such as PCA Mix in combination with the bootstrap technique have great potential for use in evaluating interview response quality and identifying outliers.
Quantifying plant hydraulic function becomes a tall order
Authors: Skelton Robert P 
Published: May 2020

This article comments on:
Soriano D, Echeverría A, Anfodillo T, Rosell JA, Olson ME. 2020. Hydraulic traits vary following tip-to-base conduit widening in vascular plants. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 4232–4242.
Adjunctive sertraline for asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Boulware David R , Nalintya Elizabeth , Rajasingham Radha , Kirumira Paul , Naluyima Rose , Turya Fred , Namanda Sylvia , Rutakingirwa Morris K , Skipper Caleb P , Nikweri Yofesi , Hullsiek Kathy Huppler , Bangdiwala Ananta S , Meya David B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening in HIV-infected persons with CD4 &lt; 100 cells/µl can reduce meningitis and death, yet preemptive fluconazole therapy fails in ∼25%. Sertraline has in vitro and in vivo activity against Cryptococcus and is synergistic with fluconazole in mice. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of sertraline in asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia. We conducted a randomized trial of asymptomatic CrAg-positive Ugandans from November 2017 to February 2018. All subjects received WHO standard therapy of fluconazole 800 mg for 2 weeks, then 400 mg for 10 weeks, then 200 mg through 24 weeks. Participants were randomized to receive adjunctive sertraline or placebo, given in once-weekly escalating 100 mg/day doses up to 400 mg/day, which was then given for 8 weeks, then tapered. The primary endpoint was meningitis-free 6-month survival. The data and safety monitoring board halted the trial after 21 subjects were enrolled due to safety concerns. Meningitis-free 6-month survival occurred in 9 of 11 of placebo participants and 10 of 10 of sertraline participants. However, seven serious adverse events (SAEs) occurred (n = 4 sertraline group; n = 3 placebo group). Three SAEs in the sertraline group presented with psychosis and aggressive behavioral changes with one meeting Hunter's criteria for serotonin syndrome while receiving 200 mg/day sertraline. Two transient psychoses were associated with antecedent fluconazole and sertraline interruption. The serotonin syndrome resolved within 1 day, but psychosis persisted for 4 months after sertraline discontinuation. Sertraline was associated with excess SAEs of psychosis. Due to early stopping, we were unable to determine any efficacy for cryptococcal antigenemia.
Unlocking Galactic Wolf–Rayet stars with Gaia DR2 – II. Cluster and association membership
Authors: Rate Gemma , Crowther Paul A , Parker Richard J 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Galactic Wolf–Rayet (WR) star membership of star-forming regions can be used to constrain the formation environments of massive stars. Here, we utilize Gaia DR2 parallaxes and proper motions to reconsider WR star membership of clusters and associations in the Galactic disc, supplemented by recent near-infrared studies of young massive clusters. We find that only 18–36 per cent of 553 WR stars external to the Galactic Centre region are located in clusters, OB associations or obscured star-forming regions, such that at least 64 per cent of the known disc WR population are isolated, in contrast with only 13 per cent of O stars from the Galactic O star Catalogue. The fraction located in clusters, OB associations or star-forming regions rises to 25–41 per cent from a global census of 663 WR stars including the Galactic Centre region. We use simulations to explore the formation processes of isolated WR stars. Neither runaways, nor low-mass clusters, are numerous enough to account for the low cluster membership fraction. Rapid cluster dissolution is excluded as mass segregation ensures WR stars remain in dense, well-populated environments. Only low-density environments consistently produce WR stars that appeared to be isolated during the WR phase. We therefore conclude that a significant fraction of WR progenitors originate in low-density association-like surroundings which expand over time. We provide distance estimates to clusters and associations host to WR stars, and estimate cluster ages from isochrone fitting.
Recipes for bolometric corrections and Gaia luminosities of B-type stars: application to an asteroseismic sample
Authors: Pedersen May G , Escorza Ana , Pápics Péter I , Aerts Conny 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We provide three statistical model prescriptions for the bolometric corrections appropriate for B-type stars as a function of (i) Teff, (ii) Teff and log g, and (iii)Teff, log g and [M/H]. These statistical models have been calculated for 27 different filters, including those of the Gaia space mission, and were derived based on two different grids of bolometric corrections assuming LTE and LTE+NLTE, respectively. Previous such work has mainly been limited to a single photometric passband without taking into account non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) effects on the bolometric corrections. Using these statistical models, we calculate the luminosities of 34 slowly pulsating B-type (SPB) stars with available spectroscopic parameters, to place them in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and to compare their position to the theoretical SPB instability strip. We find that excluding NLTE effects has no significant effect on the derived luminosities for the temperature range 11 500–21 000 K. We conclude that spectroscopic parameters are needed in order to achieve meaningful luminosities of B-type stars. The three prescriptions for the bolometric corrections are valid for any galactic B-type star with effective temperatures and surface gravities in the ranges 10 000–30 000 K and 2.5–4.5 dex, respectively, covering regimes below the Eddington limit.
The impact of light polarization effects on weak lensing systematics
Authors: Lin Chien-Hao , Tan Brent , Mandelbaum Rachel , Hirata Christopher M 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
A fraction of the light observed from edge-on disc galaxies is polarized due to two physical effects: selective extinction by dust grains aligned with the magnetic field and scattering of the anisotropic starlight field. Since the reflection and transmission coefficients of the reflecting and refracting surfaces in an optical system depend on the polarization of incoming rays, this optical polarization produces both (a) a selection bias in favour of galaxies with specific orientations and (b) a polarization-dependent point spread function (PSF). In this work, we build toy models to obtain for the first time an estimate for the impact of polarization on PSF shapes and the impact of the selection bias due to the polarization effect on the measurement of the ellipticity used in shear measurements. In particular, we are interested in determining if this effect will be significant for Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST). We show that the systematic uncertainties in the ellipticity components are 8 × 10−5 and 1.1 × 10−4 due to the selection bias and PSF errors respectively. Compared to the overall requirements on knowledge of the WFIRST PSF ellipticity (4.7 × 10−4 per component), both of these systematic uncertainties are sufficiently close to the WFIRST tolerance level that more detailed studies of the polarization effects or more stringent requirements on polarization-sensitive instrumentation for WFIRST are required.
Characterizing EoR foregrounds: a study of the Lockman Hole region at 325 MHz
Authors: Mazumder Aishrila , Chakraborty Arnab , Datta Abhirup , Choudhuri Samir , Roy Nirupam , Wadadekar Yogesh , Ishwara-Chandra C H 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
One of the key science goals for the most sensitive telescopes, both current and upcoming, is the detection of the redshifted 21-cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization. The success of detection relies on accurate foreground modelling for their removal from data sets. This paper presents the characterization of astrophysical sources in the Lockman Hole region. Using 325-MHz data obtained from the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, a 6° × 6° mosaiced map is produced with an rms reaching 50 μJy per beam. A source catalogue containing 6186 sources is created, and the Euclidean normalized differential source counts have been derived from it, consistent with previous observations as well as simulations. A detailed comparison of the source catalogue is also made with previous findings – at both lower and higher frequencies. The angular power spectrum (APS) of the diffuse Galactic synchrotron emission is determined for three different Galactic latitudes using the tapered gridded estimator. The values of the APS lie between ∼1 and ∼100 mK2. Fitting a power law of the form Aℓ−β gives values of A and β varying across the latitudes considered. This paper demonstrates, for the first time, the variation of the power-law index for diffuse emission at very high Galactic locations. It follows the same trend that is seen at locations near the Galactic plane, thus emphasizing the need for low-frequency observations for developing better models of the diffuse emission.
A comment on ‘Lense–Thirring frame dragging induced by a fast-rotating white dwarf in a binary pulsar system’ by V. Venkatraman Krishnan et al.
Authors: Iorio Lorenzo 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We comment on a recent study reporting evidence for the general relativistic Lense–Thirring secular precession of the inclination I of the orbital plane to the plane of the sky of the tight binary system PSR J1141-6545 made of a white dwarf and an emitting radiopulsar of comparable masses. The quadrupole mass moment $Q_2^\mathrm{c}$ and the angular momentum ${\boldsymbol{S}}^\mathrm{c}$ of the white dwarf cause the detectable effects on I with respect to the present-day accuracy in the pulsar’s timing. The history-dependent and model-dependent assumptions to be made on $Q_2^\mathrm{c}$ and ${\boldsymbol{S}}^\mathrm{c}$, required even just to calculate the analytical expressions for the resulting post-Keplerian precessions, may be deemed as too wide in order to claim a successful test of the Einsteinian gravitomagnetic effect. Moreover, depending on how $Q_2^\mathrm{c}$ is calculated, the competing quadrupole-induced rate of change, which is a major source of systematic uncertainty, may be up to ${\lesssim}30{-}50{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the Lense–Thirring effect for most of the allowed values in the 3D parameter space spanned by the white dwarf’s spin period Ps, and the polar angles $i_\mathrm{c},\, \zeta _\mathrm{c}$ of its spin axis. The possible use of the longitude of periastron ϖ is investigated as well. It turns out that a measurement of its secular precession, caused, among other things, also by $Q_2^\mathrm{c},\, {\boldsymbol{S}}^\mathrm{c}$, could help in further restricting the permitted regions in the white dwarf’s parameter space.
Three mechanisms for bar thickening
Authors: Sellwood J A , Gerhard Ortwin 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We present simulations of bar-unstable stellar discs in which the bars thicken into box/peanut shapes. Detailed analysis of the evolution of each model revealed three different mechanisms for thickening the bars. The first mechanism is the well-known buckling instability, the second is the vertical excitation of bar orbits by passage through the 2:1 vertical resonance, and the third is a gradually increasing fraction of bar orbits trapped into this resonance. Since bars in many galaxies may have formed and thickened long ago, we have examined the models for fossil evidence in the velocity distribution of stars in the bar, finding a diagnostic to discriminate between a bar that had buckled from the other two mechanisms.