bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Single-Cell Immune Atlas of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Reveals Novel Immune Cell Subsets
Authors: Qiu Si , Hong Ruoxi , Zhuang Zhenkun , Zhu Linnan , Li Yuan , Zhang Weimin , Lin Xinxin , Zheng Qiufan , Liu Shang , Zhang Kai , Huang Mengxian , Lee Kaping , Lu Qianyi , Xia Wen , Xu Fei , Hou Yong , Zhang Xiuqing , Wang Jian , Yang Huanming , Zhan Qimin , Li Bo , Wang Shusen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, which recently attracts great interest for immune therapeutic development. In this context, in-depth understanding of TNBC immune landscape is highly demanded.Results: Here we report full-length single-cell RNA sequencing results of 9683 tumor-infiltrated immune cells isolated from 14 treatment naïve TNBC tumors, where 22 immune cell subsets, including T cells, macrophages, B cells, and DCs have been characterized. We identify a new T cell subset, CD8+CXCL8+ T cell, which associates with poor survival, and a subset of “pre-exhaustion” T cell cluster, which is predictive of favorable prognosis. A novel immune cell subset comprised of TCR+ macrophages, is found to be widely distributed in TNBC tumors. Further analyses reveal an up-regulation of molecules associated with TCR signaling and cytotoxicity in these immune cells.Conclusions: Altogether, our study provides a valuable resource to understand the immune ecosystem of TNBC. The novel immune cell subsets reported herein might be functionally important in cancer immunity. These data will be helpful for the immunotherapeutic strategy design of this disease.
Productive Safety Net Program and Dietary Practice Among Pregnant Women in Kacha Birra District, Southwest Ethiopia: Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: BAFFA LEMLEM DANIEL , DERSO TEREFE , MUHAMMAD ESMAEL ALI 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Morbidity and mortality associated with poor dietary practice among pregnant women are a common public health burdens especially in low income countries like Ethiopia, for which, household food insecurity can be a determinant factor. Productive safety net program (PSNP) is implemented in Ethiopia to alleviate this problem with emphasis on pregnant and lactating mothers even though little is known about the dietary practice among pregnant women in the program user and non-user households. Therefore, this study is aimed to compare the proportion of good dietary practice and associated factors among pregnant women in productive safety net program user and non-user households in Kacha Birra District. Method: A Community based comparative cross sectional study was conducted in Kacha Birra District from March 12 to April 20, 2019. A total of 715 pregnant women were included by simple random sampling technique. A pretested and structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was entered into EpiData version 3.1 and transferred to Stata version 14 for analysis. Binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with dietary practice. Crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the strength of associations and significance of the identified factors with dietary practice. Result: The overall proportion of good dietary practice among pregnant women was 14.97% (95%CI: 12.3-17.6), while it was 11.17% (95%CI: 6.5-15.8) and 16.23% (95%CI: 13.09-19.36) among pregnant women in PSNP user and non PSNP user households respectively. Dietary knowledge (AOR=2.64, 95%CI:1.67-4.18), nutrition information (AOR=2.36, 95%CI:1.41-3.95) and husband occupation (AOR=3.51, 95%CI:1.02-12.08) were significantly associated with dietary practice of the pregnant women. Conclusion: The proportion of good dietary practice of the pregnant women in the study area was low with no significant difference among the comparative groups. Dietary knowledge, nutrition information and husband occupation were significantly associated with the dietary practice. So, giving due attention to the improvement of knowledge of the pregnant mothers about nutrition during pregnancy and enhancing their exposure to nutrition information is crucial. Also, strengthening the PSNP is important.
Carriage of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in a high-density informal settlement in Kenya is associated with environmental risk-factors
Authors: Omulo Sylvia , Lofgren Eric T , Lockwood Svetlana , Mwangi Samuel T , Bigogo Godfrey , Ouma Alice , Juma Bonventure , Njenga Kariuki M , Kariuki Samuel , McElwain Terry F , Palmer Guy H , Call Douglas R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe relationship between antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance varies with cultural, socio-economic, and environmental factors. We examined these relationships in Kibera, an informal settlement in Nairobi - Kenya, characterized by high population density, high burden of respiratory disease and diarrhea. Methods. Two-hundred households were enrolled in a 5-month longitudinal study. One adult (≥18 years) and one child (≤5 years) participated per household. Biweekly interviews (n=1,516) were conducted and 2,341 stool, 2,843 hand swabs and 1,490 water samples collected. Presumptive E. coli (n=34,042) were isolated and tested for susceptibility to nine antibiotics.ResultsEighty percent of E. coli were resistant to ≥3 antibiotic classes. Stool isolates were resistant to trimethoprim (mean: 81%), sulfamethoxazole (80%), ampicillin (68%), streptomycin (60%) and tetracycline (55%). Ninety-seven households reported using an antibiotic in at least one visit over the study period for a total of 144 episodes and 190 antibiotic doses. Enrolled children had five times the number of episodes reported by enrolled adults (96 vs. 19). Multivariable linear mixed-effects models associated children eating soil from the household yard and informal hand-washing stations with increased numbers of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (counts increasing by 0·27-0·80 log10 and 0·22 to 0·51 log10 respectively, depending on the antibiotic tested). Rainy conditions were associated with reduced carriage of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (1·19 to 3·26 log10 reduction depending on the antibiotic tested).ConclusionAntibiotic use provided little explanatory power for the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Transmission of resistant bacteria in this setting through unsanitary living conditions likely overwhelms incremental changes in antibiotic use. Under such circumstances, sanitation, hygiene, and disease transmission are the limiting factors for controlling the presence of resistant bacteria.
Seeking Research Questions from Implementers: Considerations for Leveraging Ground Actors Research Needs in the Fight against Malaria in West Africa.
Authors: Amouh Tete Sitou , Ekoye Saidou Malam , Ahanhanzo Césaire Damien , Guiguemdé Tinga Robert , Sombié Issiaka 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Malaria, a parasitic infection, still a major public health threat and hence a heavy economic burden that hampers the development of countries especially in West Africa. Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) altogether are now the third leading cause of death in ECOWAS region with 77% of deaths in children under 5 years due to malaria. Countries and partners set ambitious goals for reducing the burden and eliminating malaria by 2030. To achieve these goals, West African countries program managers and researchers are engaged in a series of activities to address practical bottlenecks. This article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a collaboration between malaria program implementation and research needs in West African countries, related to malaria. It describes the crucial role and process managers and researchers can play in these countries, in assuring the identification of research related program implementation issues as well as solutions to those barriers in order to alleviate the burden. Identifying research questions pertaining to each program through an implementation science approach, integrating health delivery and innovative approach to bottlenecks, and decision support to promote joint optimization of activities for malaria elimination. Managers and researcher discussed together programs difficulties being encountered and highlighted key research questions to be addressed.
Ten-year trend of mortality among patients hospitalized with Malaria in Ghana,
Authors: Malm Keziah , Peprah Nana Yaw , Mohammed Wahjib , Baddoo Nyonuku A. , Abdulai Marijanatu , Alebachew Zeleke , Bonsu Frank Adae , Addo Stephen Ayisi , Saalfeld Mark , Lee Donna , Workneh Nibretie , Bart-Plange Constance , Shargie Estafanos 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Multiple interventions have been implemented over the years to decrease malaria morbidity and mortality in Ghana. After years of rolling out these interventions, assessing its effect on the trends for decision making is key. The objective of this study was to understand the trends of malaria related deaths in the country from 2005 to 2014.Methods Between September 2016 and June 2017, abstraction of retrospective data covering January 1st 2005 to December 31st, 2014 was conducted in 93 sampled health facilities providing AIDs/HIV, Tuberculosis and Malaria (ATM) services in Ghana. This paper is written out of a bigger study which looked at the mortality of ATM in Ghana. Abstraction form was used to retrieve socio-demographic and admission outcome of patients from facility registers, death certificates and inpatients registers. Data was entered using EpiData 3.1 statistical software package then exported to STATA 11 version for analysis. Bivariate analysis with Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were done to assess factors associated with malaria related mortality at a 5% level of significance.Results A total of 667,186 admissions records related to malaria were retrieved in 93 hospitals from 2005 to 2014 with majority of the admissions being females (53.9%) and children under 5 years (47.8%). A total of 10,433(1.6%) of the admitted malaria cases were reported to have died with males and children under five years accounting for 51.0% and 26.6% respectively. Malaria case fatality rate showed an increasing trend from 2.2% in 2005 to 3.0% in 2007 and decreased to 1.1% in 2014. Malaria mortality declined by approximately 59% over the ten-year period with an average annual decline of 7%. Year of admissions, age, sex, insurance status and ownership of facility was significantly associated with mortality (p < 0.001). Sub-regional level hospitals have a decreased likelihood of malaria related mortality. A non-insured client increases the likelihood of mortality by 2.4 times (Odds Ratio = 2.4 p < 0.001).Conclusion Malaria mortality declined over the ten-year period with an average annual decline of 7%. An increase in age and not having health insurance among malaria-related admissions increases the likelihood of mortality.
Culture-negative versus Culture-positive in pyogenic spondylitis and Analysis of risk factors for relapse
Authors: dai guohua , li shu zhong , yin chuqiang , sun yuanliang , wang qizun , hou jianwen , luan liangrui , wang zhichao , wang ting 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
This study aims to compare and analyze the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of culture-negative and culture-positive primary pyogenic spondylitis.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of 202 cases of adult primary pyogenic spondylitis with complete clinical data in our hospital from January 2013 to January 2020 were divided into 2 groups according to the bacterial culture results: culture negative group (n = 126), culture Positive group (n = 76). Compare the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of patients with different culture results.
Results
The culture positive rate was 37.62% (76/202). There were no significant differences in age, gender, affected segment, spinal abscess, diabetes mellitus, course of disease, surgery, recurrence, and follow-up time between the two groups (P > 0.05). Two groups of hospital admission erythrocyte sedimentation rate (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR), admission C-reactive protein (C-reactive protein, CRP), admission white blood cell count (white blood cell, WBC), discharge ESR, discharge CRP, ESR decline rate, CRP There were statistically significant differences in the rate of decline, hospitalization days, and body temperature ≥ 38 °C (P < 0.05). Higher CRP levels on admission, antibiotic treatment time < 6 weeks, and body temperature ≥ 38 ℃ are independent risk factors for infection recurrence.
Conclusion
The culture-negative group's admission WBC, admission ESR, admission CRP, discharge ESR, discharge CRP, ESR decline rate, CRP decline rate, and hospital stay were lower than the culture positive group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The independent risk factors for infection recurrence are higher CRP levels in hospital admission, antibiotic treatment time < 6 weeks, and body temperature ≥ 38 °C.
Association between antenatal care utilization pattern and timely initiation of postnatal care checkup: Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Wassie Gizachew Tadesse , Belete Minyichil Birhanu , Tesfu Azmeraw Arega , Bantie Simachew Animen , Ayenew Asterey Assmie , Endeshaw Belaynew Adugna , Agdie Semaw Minale , Kiros Mengistu Desalegn , Haile Zelalem T , Haider Mohammad Rifat , Ice Gillian H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite significant public health intervention, maternal mortality remains high in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Effective postnatal care is a critical service to reduce maternal mortality. In Ethiopia, only 17% of mothers received postnatal care service in 2016. This study examined the association between antenatal care and timely postnatal care checkup among reproductive age women in Ethiopia.Methods: The study used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. The sample consisted of 4,081 women who give birth within the last two years prior to survey. Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the association between antenatal care and timely initiation of postnatal care.Results: Postnatal care services within 2 days of delivery were received by 16.5% of women. Women who had at least four timely antenatal care visits had higher odds of timely postnatal checkup compared to women who had no antenatal care [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 2.50; 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) 1.42–4.42]. Women who had at least four antennal care visits without timely initiation also had higher odds of postnatal check-up than their counterparts (aOR: 2.46; 95%CI: 1.22–4.97). Other factors significantly associated with timely initiation of PNC were secondary and above education (aOR: 1.64; 95%CI: 1.03–2.60), perceived distance to the nearby health facility as significant barrier (aOR: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.15–2.09), primiparous (aOR: 0.34; 95%CI: 0.19–0.61) and institutional delivery (aOR: 14.55; 95%CI: 2.21–95.77).Conclusion: Timely initiation of postnatal care within two days of delivery in Ethiopia is very low. Women who received recommended antenatal care services had higher odds of timely initiation of postnatal care. Thus, strengthening the existing maternal and child health programs to adhere to the recommended ANC care guidelines may improve timely initiation of postnatal care.
Curiosity or underdiagnosed? Thoracolumbar spinal column injuries with concomitant trauma of the pancreas
Authors: Hax Jakob , Halvachizadeh Sascha , Jensen Kai Oliver , Berk Till , Teuber Henrik , Primio Teresa Di , Lefering Rolf , Pape Hans-Christoph , Sprengel Kai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The pancreas is an organ which is at risk of damage as a consequence of thoracolumbar spine injury. However, to our knowledge, no studies have provided any prevalence data to support this assumption. Therefore, the coincidence of pancreatic trauma in patients with spine injury is still unknown. Data from the TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) was analysed to estimate the prevalence of this correlation and to determine its influence on clinical outcome.Methods: A retrospective investigation of cases documented in the TR-DGU between 2008 and 2017 was performed. We included data of patients admitted to participating European trauma centres who had thoracic or lumbar spine injuries and met the following criteria: i) Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 9, ii) blunt trauma, and iii) no early transfer out of hospital. We investigated the coincidence of pancreas injury in patients with at least an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) of 2 of the thoracic or lumbar spine. Therefore, we included all kind of relevant injuries of the thoracolumbar spine.Results: In the group with thoracolumbar injury with concomitant pancreatic injury, the mean age was 43.1 ± 18.6 years, and 68% of these patients were male. The most frequent mechanisms of trauma were car (38%) and motorbike (17%) accidents, as well as high falls (23.8%). The mean Injury Severity Score was 35.7 ± 16.0 points and the in-hospital mortality rate was 17.5%. The overall prevalence of pancreatic injury was 60.7 (0.61%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.58–0.65) per 10,000 patients. Patients with severe spinal injuries (AIS ≥ 2) were more likely to present with a concomitant pancreatic injury compared to patients with no or only minor spinal injury (AIS 0–1) (Odds ratio (OR) 1.78; 95%CI, 1.57–2.01).Conclusions: Concomitant pancreatic injury in patients with spinal injuries of the thoracolumbar spine is rare. However, patients with more severe spinal injuries were overall more likely (OR 1.78) to present with an accompanying pancreatic injury than those with minor thoracolumbar injuries. Therefore, trauma surgeons treating severely injured patients must be alert not to overlook this rare concomitant injury, because it does not clearly correlate with the severity of spinal injury.
Inflammatory M1-like macrophages polarized by NK-4 undergo enhanced phenotypic switching to an anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype upon co-culture with apoptotic cells
Authors: Kohno Keizo , Koya-Miyata Satomi , Harashima Akira , Tsukuda Takahiko , Katakami Masataka , Ariyasu Toshio , Ushio Shimpei , Iwaki Kanso 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: NK-4 has been used to promote wound healing since the early-1950s; however, the mechanism of action of NK-4 is unknown. In this study, we examined whether NK-4 exerts a regulatory effect on macrophages, which play multiple roles during wound healing from the initial inflammatory phase until the tissue regeneration phase. Results: NK-4 treatment of THP-1 macrophages induced morphological features characteristic of classically-activated M1 macrophages, an inflammatory cytokine profile, and increased expression of the M1 macrophage-associated molecules CD38 and CD86. Interestingly, NK-4 augmented TNF-a production by THP-1 macrophages in combination with LPS, Pam3CSK4, or poly(I:C). Furthermore, NK-4 treatment enhanced THP-1 macrophage phagocytosis. These results indicate that NK-4 drives macrophage polarization toward an inflammatory M1-like phenotype with increased phagocytic activity. Efferocytosis is a crucial event for resolution of the inflammatory phase in wound healing. NK-4-treated THP-1 macrophages co-cultured with apoptotic Jurkat E6.1 (Apo-J) cells switched from an M1-like phenotype to an M2-like phenotype, as seen in the inverted ratio of TNF-a to IL-10 produced in response to LPS. We identified two separate mechanisms that are involved in this phenotypic switch. First, recognition of phosphatidylserine molecules on Apo-J cells by THP-1 macrophages downregulates TNF-a production. Second, phagocytosis of Apo-J cells by THP-1 macrophages and activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway upregulates IL-10 production. Conclusion: It is postulated that the phenotypic switch from a proinflammatory M1-like phenotype to an anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype is dysregulated due to impaired efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils at the wound site. Our results demonstrate that NK-4 improves efferocytosis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic strategy to resolve sustained inflammation in chronic wounds.
Behçet's Disease: Successful Aortic Root Reconstruction in Severely Dilated Aortoventricular Junction After Aortic Valve Replacement With Novel Surgical Method - a Case Report
Authors: Pólos Miklós , Koppányi Ádám , Benke Kálmán , Daróczi László , Oláh Attila , Heltai Krisztina , Kiss Emese , Fintha Attila , Nagy Beáta , Hartyánszky István , Lakatos Bálint , Kovács Attila , Merkely Béla , Szabolcs Zoltán 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Behçet’s disease is an auto-inflammatory disorder categorized as a primer systemic vasculitis of unknown aetiology. Genetic factors, infectious agents and the irregularity of T-cell homeostasis are presumed to be responsible for the emergence of Behçet’s disease. Characteristic symptoms are multisystemic. Although cardiovascular involvement is rare, it should be noted due to the difficulty of surgical treatment options.Case Presentation: Our 44-year-old male patient underwent aortic valve replacement due to aortic regurgitation. At the 15-month follow-up, echocardiography showed detachment of the prosthetic valve and in the aortic root, multiple pseudo-aneurysms were identified. We performed an aortic root reconstruction with a Bentall procedure using a special „skirted” conduit to reduce strain in the suture line between the conduit and the extremely dilated left ventricular outflow tract. Conclusions: The surgical treatment of cardiovascular manifestations of Behçet’s disease remains challenging. This new technique may be beneficial in well-selected cases where the annulus of the aorta is extremely dilated or annular tissue disorder is present.
Effects of Tidal Volume on Physiology and Clinical Outcomes of Surgery Patients Undergoing One-lung Ventilation: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Xia Feiping , Lu Zhonghua , Tang Yuying , Qiu Haibo , Yang Yi , Guo Fengmei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: It is unclear how tidal volume (Vt) impacts patients during one-lung ventilation (OLV). A meta-analysis was performed to assess the effect of Vt on physiology and clinical outcomes in OLV patients. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane library, and Web of Science were retrieved until February 2020. Randomized controlled trials comparing the application of low and high Vt ventilation in adults with OLV were included. Demographic variables, Vt, physiology, and clinical outcomes were retrieved. Summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and mean difference with standard deviation were calculated using a random-effects model.Results: 12 studies involving a total of 876 participants met inclusion criteria. Significant difference in blood interleukin-6 (IL-6) was observed between low Vt ventilation and high Vt ventilation (MD -35.51 pg/ml, 95% CI [-66.47, -4.54 pg/ml], p = 0.02). Low Vt ventilation decreased driving pressure (ΔP) (MD -6.02 cmH2O, 95% CI [-8.32, -3.72 cmH2O], p < 0.0001), Peak pressure (Ppeak) (MD -2.88 cmH2O, 95% CI [-4.60, -1.16 cmH2O], p = 0.001), and improved PaO2/FiO2 (MD 32.27 mmHg, 95% CI [19.54, 45.01 mmHg], p <0.00001). Risk of atelectasis was the same between the two groups. Furthermore, the study suggested that low Vt ventilation was associated with decreases in the risk of acute lung injury (OR 0.05, 95% CI [0.28, 0.88], p = 0.02). Decreased hospital length of stay in the low Vt group occurred when Vt was set 4-5 ml/kg (MD -0.78 d, 95% CI [-1.45, -0.11 d], p = 0.02).Conclusions: In OLV patients, low Vt ventilation improved PaO2/FiO2, and it was also associated with decreased blood IL-6, ΔP, Ppeak, and risk of acute lung injury, when the low Vt was set 4-5 ml/kg hospital length of stay was decreased .