bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing Internal Hierarchical Porous Networks in Polymer Monoliths that Exhibit Rapid Removal and Photocatalytic Degradation of Aromatic Pollutants
Authors: Kim Doyeon , Kim Hyungwoo , Chang Ji Young 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the preparation of 3D polymer monoliths containing internal hierarchical porosity. The porous networks are fabricated based on Pickering high‐internal‐phase emulsions (HIPEs) stabilized by microporous β‐cyclodextrin‐based polymer particles (CDPs) as the emulsifier; CDPs are facilely synthesized by the polyaddition reactions without the need for catalysts. The designed Pickering agents enable to form a bicontinuous internal phase in 8:2 cyclohexane–water v/v, and the oil droplets in the continuous water phase is found to be fairly stable up to 1 month. Furthermore, the addition of acrylamide and N,N'‐methylenebis(acrylamide) results in polymer networks after in situ thermal polymerization at 60 °C in the water phase, and the monoliths include both interconnected macropores from the HIPE template and micro‐ and mesopores from the CDPs embedded at the interface. The porous monoliths rapidly absorb a variety of solvents taking advantage of multiscale porosity and amphiphilicity. Furthermore, the materials can be efficiently used for the removal of aromatic pollutants and then reused after washing and drying without the deterioration of performance. Also, they exhibit high photocatalytic capability and good recyclability as being used as a catalytic support when embedded with titanium dioxide (TiO2).
Influence of seismic incident angle on response uncertainty and structural performance of tall asymmetric structure
Authors: Alam Zeshan , Zhang Chunwei , Samali Bijan 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe estimation of critical seismic response of a structure is complicated in nature due to the uncertain distribution of the internal forces under multidirectional seismic excitations. One of the important concerns inherent to this complication is the uncertainty associated with the final design direction as different seismic directions result in different seismic responses. In this regard, this research provides a detailed examination of (1) response‐to‐response and record‐to‐record variability under varying seismic orientations, (2) quantification of seismic response uncertainties and (3) the seismic performance of asymmetric structure in the context of conservative/nonconservative seismic design. With the mentioned research objectives, a realistic case study asymmetric structure under the influence of varying bidirectional seismic excitations was evaluated. It has been argued in this research that the seismic excitations applied at structure's reference axes are very unlikely to demonstrate maximum response for all response quantities simultaneously, even if it results in a peak response for a particular seismic response quantity. This research is particularly helpful for the critical assessment of directionality influence on asymmetric structures prior to making any decision during thestructural design process. Substantial arguments have been presented to emphasize the inclusion of the investigation of seismic response uncertainty in practical design of critical asymmetric structures.
Bowel preparation prior to transvaginal ultrasound improves detection of rectosigmoid deep infiltrating endometriosis and is well tolerated: prospective study of women with suspected endometriosis without surgical criteria
Authors: Ros C. , Rius M. , Abrao M. S. , deGuirior C. , Martínez‐Zamora M. Á. , Gracia M. , Carmona F. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo analyze the effect of bowel preparation prior to transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) examination on the detection of bowel involvement and the description of rectosigmoid nodules of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE), and to evaluate patient tolerance of bowel preparation.MethodsThis was a prospective study of paired data obtained between September 2015 and March 2016 from a cohort of women referred, on suspicion of DIE but without surgical criteria, to the endometriosis unit of a tertiary university hospital. In all patients, the wall of the rectum and lower sigmoid colon was evaluated by two TVS examinations: the first was performed without bowel preparation and the second was done after the patient had followed a 3‐day low‐residue diet and received two 250‐mL enemas, one the night before TVS and the second 1–3 h before the examination. The presence of adhesions, number and size of rectosigmoid nodules, deepest layer of the rectum affected, percentage of the circumference of the bowel affected and distance from the most caudal part of the bowel nodule to the anal verge were determined. Patient tolerance to bowel preparation was assessed using a 5‐point Likert scale, in which 1 represented ‘very well tolerated’ and 5 represented ‘very poorly tolerated’.ResultsThe mean ± SD age of the 110 patients included in the study was 36.8 ± 5.07 years. As many as 55% of those identified during the first examination (TVS alone) as having adhesions were identified at the second examination (TVS with prior bowel preparation) as having rectosigmoid nodules, and 22 additional nodules were observed on TVS following bowel preparation. These newly detected rectosigmoid nodules, initially assessed mainly as adhesions, were smaller and more superficial compared with the nodules detected on TVS alone, or located in the anterior sigmoid wall. Patient tolerance overall to bowel preparation scored a mean of 1.81 on the 5‐point Likert scale.ConclusionsBowel preparation is well tolerated by patients. When bowel preparation is performed before TVS, the detection of small and superficial nodules and those in the anterior sigmoid wall is improved, allowing more detailed description of these nodules in patients with suspected endometriosis. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Forms of meteorological knowledge 1750–1850 in German countries and beyond
Authors: Richter Linda 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe complexity of atmospherical processes has always yielded a multitude of ways of knowing about the weather. What has been lacking in the historiography of meteorology so far is a way to formulate differences between forms of knowledge in a way that does not privilege modern scientific structures, but focuses instead on the epistemological category of causality. Using causality as ground of comparison for different knowledge claims, I shall argue, may enable researchers to investigate meteorological knowledge across time periods, perhaps even geographical regions, in a more symmetrical manner. This review demonstrates this approach as a means to organize a large set of historical meteorological writings from German countries between 1750 and 1850. Three distinct forms of knowledge (Semiotics, Physics, and Organics of the weather) during that time and in that region are suggested and will be described. While a bibliography with a national perspective from the 1880s was the basis for the selection of historical sources, such a setup proved awkward even to contemporaries. In addition, the bibliography came with a number of biases and shortcomings that will be critically reviewed.This article is categorized under:
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Major Historical Eras
Deep abscopal response to radiotherapy and anti-PD-1 in an oligometastatic melanoma patient with unfavorable pretreatment immune signature
Authors: Watanabe Tsubasa , Firat Elke , Scholber Jutta , Gaedicke Simone , Heinrich Corinne , Luo Ren , Ehrat Nicolas , Multhoff Gabriele , Schmitt-Graeff Annette , Grosu Anca-Ligia , Abdollahi Amir , Hassel Jessica C. , von Bubnoff Dagmar , Meiss Frank , Niedermann Gabriele 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRadiotherapy can elicit abscopal effects in non-irradiated metastases, particularly under immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). We report on two elderly patients with oligometastatic melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Before treatment, patient 1 showed strong tumor infiltration with exhausted CD8+ T cells and high expression of T cell-attracting chemokines. This patient rapidly mounted a complete response, now ongoing for more than 4.5 years. Patient 2 exhibited low CD8+ T cell infiltration and high expression of immunosuppressive arginase. After the first SBRT, his non-irradiated metastases did not regress and new metastases occurred although neoepitope-specific and differentiation antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were detected in the blood. A second SBRT after 10 months on anti-PD-1 induced a radiologic complete response correlating with an increase in activated PD-1-expressing CD8 T cells. Apart from a new lung lesion, which was also irradiated, this deep abscopal response lasted for more than 2.5 years. However, thereafter, his disease progressed and the activated PD-1-expressing CD8 T cells dropped. Our data suggest that oligometastatic patients, where a large proportion of the tumor mass can be irradiated, are good candidates to improve ICB responses by RT, even in the case of an unfavorable pretreatment immune signature, after progression on anti-PD-1, and despite advanced age. Besides repeated irradiation, T cell epitope-based immunotherapies (e.g., vaccination) may prolong antitumor responses even in patients with unfavorable pretreatment immune signature.
The effect of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on memory formation: insight from behavioral and imaging study
Authors: Duan Hongxia , Fernández Guillén , van Dongen Eelco , Kohn Nils 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMotivation can be generated intrinsically or extrinsically, and both kinds of motivation show similar facilitatory effects on memory. However, effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on memory formation have not been studied in combination and thus, it is unknown whether they interact and how such interplay is neurally implemented. In the present study, both extrinsic monetary reward and intrinsic curiosity enhanced memory performance, without evidence for an interaction. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that curiosity-driven activity in the ventral striatal reward network appears to work cooperatively with the fronto-parietal attention network, while enhancing memory formation. In contrast, the monetary reward-modulated subsequent memory effect revealed deactivation in parietal midline regions. Thus, curiosity might enhance memory performance by allocation of attentional resources and reward-related processes; while, monetary reward does so by suppression of task-irrelevant processing.
Internal traction method using a spring-and-loop with clip (S–O clip) allows countertraction in gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Nagata Mitsuru 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Insufficient countertraction and poor field of vision make endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) difficult. Internal traction method using a spring-and-loop with clip (SLC) allows sufficient traction in any direction and good field of vision. However, the attachment procedure is difficult and interference with the endoscope can occur in the retroflexed endoscopic position. We have developed a new use of SLC that simplifies the attachment procedure, eliminating interference with the endoscope. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of SLC for gastric ESD.

Methods
We retrospectively recruited 140 patients with gastric neoplasms who underwent ESD between November 2015 and October 2018 at our department. Among them, 51 patients treated using SLC-assisted ESD (SLC-ESD) and 89 patients treated using conventional ESD (C-ESD) were compared. Propensity score matching was performed to compensate for the differences in age, sex, lesion location, lesion position, specimen size, and ulcer findings. The primary outcome was ESD procedure time.

Results
Propensity score matching generated 51 matched pairs. The procedure time in the SLC-ESD group was significantly shorter than that in the C-ESD group (median [interquartile], 40.0 [27.0–81.5] minutes versus 69.0 [46.5–113.5] minutes, P = 0.008). The mean SLC attachment time was 2.08 min. There were no significant differences in complete en bloc resection rate between SLC-ESD and C-ESD groups (100% versus 96.1%, P = 0.495). There were not perforation cases in either group.

Conclusions
SLC may offer an efficient method for gastric ESD, with a short attachment procedure time.
In Adam Smith’s Own Words: The Role of Virtues in the Relationship Between Free Market Economies and Societal Flourishing, A Semantic Network Data-Mining Approach
Authors: Graafland Johan , Wells Thomas R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAmong business ethicists, Adam Smith is widely viewed as the defender of an amoral if not anti-moral economics in which individuals’ pursuit of their private self-interest is converted by an ‘invisible hand’ into shared economic prosperity. This is often justified by reference to a select few quotations from The Wealth of Nations. We use new empirical methods to investigate what Smith actually had to say, firstly about the relationship between free market institutions and individuals’ moral virtues, and secondly about the further relationship between virtues and societal flourishing. We show with more quantitative precision than traditional scholarship that the invisible hand reading dramatically misrepresents both the nuance and the sum of Smith’s analysis. Smith paid a great deal of attention to a flourishing society’s dependence on virtues, including the non-self-regarding virtues of justice and benevolence, and he worried also about their fragility in the face of the changed incentives and social conditions of commercial society.
At Risk of Rights: Rehabilitation, Sentence Management and the Structural Violence of Prison
Authors: Armstrong Sarah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article explores governing through rights in a penal context by analyzing a recent case before the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom (the “Court” or “Supreme Court”), Brown v The Parole Board for Scotland et al. (UKSC 2017). The case involved a prisoner whose stay in prison was extended by several years beyond what the trial court ordered because he was unable to access offender behavior courses due to staffing shortages and waiting lists. In rejecting this as an arbitrary detention (in violation of Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights), the Supreme Court focused on the prisoner’s behavior as a justification for non-release. This article traces how the Court applied concepts of rehabilitation and sentence progression to shift focus from the state’s compliance with its rights duties to the prisoner’s deservingness of rights protection. Using frameworks of governmentality and structural violence, I explore how administrative processes, such as sentence management and rights litigation, facilitate and constitute prison violence. Specifically, rehabilitation provided the means of constructing the petitioner as a disobedient and undeserving subject, while simultaneously valorizing the penal authorities’ enlightened oversight of his sentence. Through such moves, the Court and, by extension, legal institutions, can inflict violence in three ways: first, by legitimating the extension of confinement using tools aimed at limiting detention; second, by imposing material and psychic burdens in the pursuit of legal claims, creating both hope and the basis of destroying it; and third, by obscuring and denying the disordered and inherently violent nature of the experience of imprisonment. The article seeks to expose how bureaucratic logics (like balancing tests), spaces (like appeal courts), and material practices (as in the temporal organization of “background facts” in legal judgments) are part of prison and the violence which characterizes the prison experience.
Directions of intentionalities in special needs education in mathematics
Authors: Bagger Anette , Roos Helena , Engvall Margareta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article builds upon a systematic review of 53 articles in international research journals and makes three main contributions. First, it develops a method for identifying motives, values, and assumptions in research by analysing segments of text in journal articles. Second, it represents a reflective account of research within the field of mathematics education. Third, it captures the ongoing directions of intentionalities inherent in the diverse field of special education mathematics and, thereby, some of the characteristics of the core issues in this field. Three directions of intentionalities were identified: towards teachers and teaching competence, towards enhanced mathematical achievement, and towards every student’s learning. The results indicate that each direction has specific limitations and potentials. In order to improve special education mathematics, we recommend that researchers and practitioners remain broadly informed and involved in all three directions of intentionalities.
Resonance study of spring pendulum based on asymptotic solutions with polynomial approximation in quadratic means
Authors: Sypniewska-Kamińska Grażyna , Awrejcewicz Jan , Kamiński Henryk , Salamon Robert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe nonlinearities of geometric nature that is characteristic for pendulum-type systems are expressed by the trigonometric functions. In order to apply the method of multiple scales in time domain to solve problems concerning such systems, the trigonometric functions of the generalised coordinates are usually approximated by a few terms of their Taylor series. In the paper we apply the polynomial approximation in quadratic means. In contrast to the approximation by Taylor series, the proposed manner approximates the trigonometric functions not around a given point but on the given interval. Quality and accuracy of the solutions obtained using the multiple scales method based on such approach have been tested. The steady state responses in the main resonance have been also examined and compared with their counterparts obtained using the method of multiple scales based on the Taylor series.
Oscillating Gaussian processes
Authors: Ilmonen Pauliina , Torres Soledad , Viitasaari Lauri 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this article we introduce and study oscillating Gaussian processes defined by$$X_t = \alpha _+ Y_t \mathbf{1}_{Y_t >0} + \alpha _- Y_t\mathbf{1}_{Y_t<0}$$Xt=α+Yt1Yt>0+α-Yt1Yt<0, where$$\alpha _+,\alpha _->0$$α+,α->0are free parameters andYis either stationary or self-similar Gaussian process. We study the basic properties ofXand we consider estimation of the model parameters. In particular, we show that the moment estimators converge in$$L^p$$Lpand are, when suitably normalised, asymptotically normal.
A Mathematical Framework for Predicting Lifestyles of Viral Pathogens
Authors: Lange Alexander 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite being similar in structure, functioning, and size, viral pathogens enjoy very different, usually well-defined ways of life. They occupy their hosts for a few days (influenza), for a few weeks (measles), or even lifelong (HCV), which manifests in acute or chronic infections. The various transmission routes (airborne, via direct physical contact, etc.), degrees of infectiousness (referring to the viral load required for transmission), antigenic variation/immune escape and virulence define further aspects of pathogenic lifestyles. To survive, pathogens must infect new hosts; the success determines their fitness. Infection happens with a certain likelihood during contact of hosts, where contact can also be mediated by vectors. Besides structural aspects of the host-contact network, three parameters appear to be key: the contact rate and the infectiousness during contact, which encode the mode of transmission, and third the immunity of susceptible hosts. On these grounds, what can be said about the reproductive success of viral pathogens? This is the biological question addressed in this paper. The answer extends earlier results of the author and makes explicit connection to another basic work on the evolution of pathogens. A mathematical framework is presented that models intra- and inter-host dynamics in a minimalistic but unified fashion covering a broad spectrum of viral pathogens, including those that cause flu-like infections, childhood diseases, and sexually transmitted infections. These pathogens turn out as local maxima of numerically simulated fitness landscapes. The models involve differential and integral equations, agent-based simulation, networks, and probability.
On the formation of desert loess
Authors: Lancaster Nicholas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSequences of quartz-rich coarse (20−63 μm) silt occur in many low- and midlatitude unglaciated arid and semiarid areas and have been termed “desert loess.” The processes by which these deposits are generated have been debated for decades. All hypotheses to explain their origin seek to provide mechanisms for the generation of silt-sized material without glacial grinding, which is the main process involved in the production of coarse silt at high latitudes. Possible mechanisms for the formation of coarse silt in arid regions include derivation from preexisting siltstones, mechanical weathering of silicate rocks, and abrasion of sand grains in active dune environments during intense transport events. Examination of the characteristics of desert loess and field and laboratory experiments to assess the role of dune areas as a source of coarse silt by abrasion and/or resuspension of residual fines suggests that many loess sequences are dominated by locally derived coarse silt. Improvements in the characterization of desert loess particle size, mineralogy, and geochemistry are needed, however, to identify sources and sinks of coarse silt, especially when combined with climatic back-trajectory analysis. Properly scaled experiments and modeling of particle collisions will also help to better quantify the effectiveness of abrasion in the generation of coarse silt in support of field observations.
CONCEALED KYPRIS IN THEIPHIGENIA AT AULIS
Authors: Wasdin Katherine 
Published: April 2020

In their first stasimon, the chorus of Euripides’Iphigenia at Aulis(=IA) praises ‘concealed Kypris’ as a marker of virtue for women (568–72):μέγα τι θηρεύειν ἀρετάν,γυναιξὶ μὲν κατὰ Κύ-πριν κρυπτάν, ἐν ἀνδράσι δ᾿ αὖκόσμος ἐνὼν ὁ μυριοπλη-θὴς μείζω πόλιν αὔξει.It is something great to hunt for excellence. For women, it is according to concealed Kypris, and among men in turn manifold order being within makes the city grow greater.
What might the future bring? COVID-19 planning considerations for faculty and universities
Authors: Majowicz S. E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper applies a scenario planning approach, to outline some current uncertainties related to COVID-19 and what they might mean for plausible futures for which we should prepare, and to identify factors that we as individual faculty members and university institutions should be considering now, when planning for the future under COVID-19. Although the contextual focus of this paper is Canada, the content is likely applicable to other places where the COVID-19 epidemic curve is in its initial rising stage, and where universities are predominantly publicly funded institutions.