bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of different combinations of wall materials on encapsulation of Nigella sativa oil by spray dryer
Authors: Mohammed Nameer Khairullah , Alhelli Amaal M. , Meor Hussin Anis Shobirin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to characterize six combinations of wall materials including maltodextrin (MD)/lactose (LAC) with Arabic gum (AG), sodium caseinate (SC) and whey protein concentrate to encapsulate Nigella sativa oil (NSO). The droplet size, viscosity and emulsion stability of NSO emulsion were evaluated. The encapsulated powders were characterized and microencapsulation efficiency (MEE), and morphology were evaluated. All the emulsions showed stability over the tested time with highest viscosity for MD‐AG and larger droplet size was for LAC‐SC blends. The highest MEE was obtained for MD‐SC was the 92.46% and lowest value for LAC‐AG was 68.42%. Moreover, the MD‐SC showed best solubility of 93.33% with the lowest moisture content of 1.63% while the moisture content for LAC‐AG was 2.06%. MD blends had smaller particle sizes ranged from 13.88 to 19.02 μm. with smooth surfaces and spherical shapes. This study revealed that all blends contained MD showed better properties than LAC.Practical applicationsThis study developed an encapsulation of Nigella sativa oil by using spray dryer technology using different types of wall materials to ensure the appropriate one based on the findings regarding the physicochemical properties. The encapsulated Nigella sativa oil can be used as an alternative for the chemical antioxidants in the market, their consumption can reduce the oxidation activity in the body. The active compound in the oil is believed to have strong biological activities. In addition, the technology used in this study can be applied to other types of oils and essential oils.
Impact of variability in protein content of sunflower meal on the extrusion process and physical quality of the extruded salmonid feed
Authors: Banjac Vojislav , Vukmirović Đuro , Pezo Lato , Draganovic Vukasin , Đuragić Olivera , Čolović Radmilo 
Published: January 2021

AbstactThis study aimed to characterize sunflower meal (SFM) with a protein content of ~370 g/kg per dry matter (SFM1) and its two high protein fractions obtained by air classification (SFM2 and SFM3 containing 430 and 490 g/kg of protein per dry matter, respectively) as aqua feed ingredient, based on their functional properties that are important for extrusion processing. A mixture design was applied, varying the levels of SFM1, SFM2 and SFM3 from 88.2 to 267.2 g/kg in dry feed mixes intended for trout. SFM1 presence in the diet caused higher flow resistance of the material in the extruder barrel, and thus higher energy consumption compared to extrusion of diets containing SFM2 and SFM3. SFM1 suppressed the product expansion but induced formation of hollow and brittle pellets with high oil absorption capacity. Increase in protein content of SFM led to more compact structure, resulting in increased hardness, durability, water stability, and decreased oil leakage. Besides better nutritional quality, air classified low fiber SFMs prevail over basic SFM also in terms of their functionality. Still, presence of high fiber SFM could improve physical attributes of pellets in terms of their oil absorption capacity, important characteristic for salmonid feeds.Practical ApplicationsIdentification of functional properties of a certain ingredient is an important task when evaluating a novel ingredient in fish feed industry. This study assessed functionality of dehulled high protein sunflower meals, obtained by air classification, in the aqua feed extrusion process. The inclusion of sunflower meal with protein content higher than 400 g/kg, at level up to 200 g/kg, increased rigidity, water stability and oil retention ability of pellets, while decreased input of mechanical energy during extrusion. The contemporary aqua feed industry is oriented toward low fishmeal/high plant‐based diets. In this respect the outcomes of this study indicate that dehulled sunflower meal could be used as an alternative protein source to fishmeal in aqua feed from technological standpoint with beneficial effects on process parameters and without impaired effects on pellet physical quality.
The Effects of Gait Speed and Psychomotor Speed on Risk for Depression and Anxiety in Older Adults with Medical Comorbidities
Authors: Stahl Sarah T. , Altmann Helene M. , Dew Mary Amanda , Albert Steven M. , Butters Meryl , Gildengers Ariel , Reynolds Charles F. , Karp Jordan F. 
Published: January 2021

Background/ObjectivesGait speed and psychomotor speed slow with age and may predict neuropsychiatric disease such as depression and anxiety. We explored the relative predictive values of gait speed, psychomotor slowing, and a composite index of these two measures on time to new episode depression or anxiety in older adults at risk for these common psychiatric conditions.DesignRandomized controlled prevention trial with 15‐month follow‐up.SettingUniversity‐based late‐life mental health research clinic.ParticipantsTwo hundred thirteen individuals, age 60+ years, with subsyndromal symptoms of depression or anxiety and one of the following risk factors for these common conditions: mild cognitive impairment, knee osteoarthritis, or disabilities requiring home‐based care.InterventionParticipants in each of the risk factor groups were randomized to a depression‐specific preventive intervention or usual care.MeasurementsGait speed: 4‐m walk test from the Short Physical Performance Battery. Psychomotor speed: Coding task of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. We created a composite index of slowing by determining whether participants exceeded established cut‐offs for slow performance in both gait speed (≤0.8 m/s) and psychomotor speed (<7 on the coding task). Time to new onset syndromal depression/anxiety was measured using research diagnostic criteria.ResultsFifty‐four participants developed syndromal depression/anxiety (19.5%) over the course of 15 months. Participants with slowing in both areas were over twice as likely to experience new onset depression/anxiety (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–4.40, P = .046) compared to participants with no slowing in either area. Slowed gait (HR = 1.88; 95% CI = 0.992–3.55; P = .052) or slowed psychomotor speed (HR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.14–2.58; P = .488) alone did not increase risk for depression/anxiety.ConclusionEvaluating both gait and psychomotor speed in older adults with medical comorbidities and sub‐syndromal depression may predict incident mental illness and inform prevention planning. Future research is needed to validate our observations and explore shared neurobiological mechanisms that explain this elevated risk.
Xanthelasma palpebrarum after hyaluronic acid injection in the lower eyelid: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Simões Pires Vivian , Wender Isabella Osorio , Santos Manoella Freitas , Sartori Gabriela Lorentz , Vivian Analú , Dallagnese Gabriela 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronic acid filler treatments are a very popular nonsurgical procedure worldwide, most wanted to create a more attractive profile and correct facial aging. Since its usage has expanded, more complications have been seen.AimsTo report a probably new adverse effect related to injectable fillers.PatientA 38‐year‐old white woman who underwent hyaluronic acid filling in the periorbital area and presented twelve months after with two symmetrically yellowish plaque lesions on the lower eyelids, with no edema or nodules.ResultsThe lesion appeared to be xanthelasma, in a patient with no history of hyperlipidemia. Histological analysis showed unspecific findings with rare histiocytes present in the papillary dermis. The patient was treated with hyaluronidase infiltration in both lower eyelid areas as an attempt to minimize the appearance of the lesions, with a satisfactory response.ConclusionsAs hyaluronic acid fillings are becoming more popular, all physicians have to be aware of its complications. The xanthelasma‐like reaction is probably a new adverse effect related to injectable fillers and it is important to be alert to this possibility.
Mapping research trends of temporomandibular disorders from 2010 to 2019: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Bai Bing , Bai Xiaofeng , Wang Chunxia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundBecause of various clinical manifestations and complicated courses, temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are difficult to treat. Current knowledge about this disease remains insufficient for precise treatment after diagnosis.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to obtain and map the overall literature trends and most cited keywords in TMDs research.MethodsMany indicators, including annual number of publications, country distribution, global cooperations, author contributions, original journals, cited references and keywords, were calculated and evaluated using VOSviewer v.1.6.13, which visualised many results, from the WoSCC database.ResultsA total of 3121 papers on TMDs research were retrieved from 2010 to 2019. The United States produced the most articles published, but the most productive institution was the University of Sao Paulo (Brazil). Researchers and institutions conducting TMDs research have shown a very widespread and close connection. TMDs have been studied worldwide by many research centres. Professor Svensson P was the most published researcher in TMDs research and the Journal of Oral Rehabilitation published the most TMDs research articles. The top cited references mainly presented diagnostic criteria of TMDs. The most cited keywords formed clusters: (a) Anatomical factor of TMDs, (b) Symptoms of TMDs and (c) RDC/TMD, the risk factors, biopsychosocial factors and epidemiology of TMDs.ConclusionsThe research results provide very valuable data for a thorough understanding of the research status of TMDs and demonstrated international cooperation.
Assessment of posterior tongue mobility using lingual‐palatal suction: Progress towards a functional definition of ankyloglossia
Authors: Zaghi Soroush , Shamtoob Shayan , Peterson Cynthia , Christianson Loree , Valcu‐Pinkerton Sanda , Peeran Zahra , Fung Brigitte , Kwok‐keung Ng Daniel , Jagomagi Triin , Archambault Nicole , O’Connor Bridget , Winslow Kathy , Lano Miche’ , Murdock Janine , Morrissey Lenore , Yoon Audrey 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundA functional definition of ankyloglossia has been based on assessment of tongue mobility using the tongue range of motion ratio (TRMR) with the tongue tip extended towards the incisive papilla (TIP). Whereas this measurement has been helpful in assessing for variations in the mobility of the anterior one‐third of the tongue (tongue tip and apex), it may be insufficient to adequately assess the mobility of the posterior two‐thirds body of the tongue. A commonly used modification is to assess TRMR while the tongue is held in suction against the roof of the mouth in lingual‐palatal suction (LPS).ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the utility and normative values of TRMR‐LPS as an adjunct to functional assessment of tongue mobility using TRMR‐TIP.Study DesignCross‐sectional cohort study of 611 subjects (ages: 3‐83 years) from the general population.MethodsMeasurements of tongue mobility using TRMR were performed with TIP and LPS functional movements. Objective TRMR measurements were compared with subjective self‐assessment of resting tongue position, ease or difficulty elevating the tongue tip to the palate, and ease or difficulty elevating the tongue body to the palate.ResultsThere was a statistically significant association between the objective measures of TRMR‐TIP and TRMR‐LPS and subjective reports of tongue mobility. LPS measurements were much more highly correlated with differences in elevating the posterior body of the tongue as compared to TIP measurements (R2 0.31 vs 0.05, P < .0001).ConclusionsThis study validates the TRMR‐LPS as a useful functional metric for assessment of posterior tongue mobility.
Detection and identification of a 16SrIII‐J subgroup phytoplasma associated with faba bean in Peru
Authors: Torres Suarez Gilberto , Gamarra Gamarra Delia , Villar Charo M. , Llacza Munive Sally L. , Satta Eleonora , Carrasco Lozano Emerson C. , Bertaccini Assunta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFaba bean samples with symptoms of yellowing, dwarfism, shoot proliferation, internode shortening, leaf sprouts and lack of pod and seed production were collected from Huancayo and Chupaca provinces, Junin‐Peru, and analysed to verify phytoplasma presence and identity. After total nucleic acid extraction, the amplification with universal phytoplasma primers, using nested polymerase chain reactions, on the 16S ribosomal gene followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequence analysis allowed the classification of the detected phytoplasma in the subgroup 16SrIII‐J. The alignment of 30 16S ribosomal gene sequences from 15 faba bean symptomatic samples from single plants allowed verifying the consistent presence of 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms that are however not modifying the phytoplasma classification. The phytoplasma identity was also corroborated by the amplification and the restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses carried out on the ribosomal protein gene amplicons obtained with primers specific for the phytoplasmas enclosed in the 16SrIII group. This is the first description in Peru of a disease associated with phytoplasmas in faba beans.
Patient‐reported outcomes 12 months after hepatitis C treatment with direct‐acting antivirals: Results from the PROP UP study
Authors: Serper Marina , Evon Donna M. , Amador Jipcy , Stewart Paul W. , Sarkar Souvik , Lok Anna S. , Sterling Richard K. , Reeve Bryce B. , Golin Carol E. , Rajender Reddy K. , Lim Joseph K. , Reau Nancy , Nelson David R. , Di Bisceglie Adrian M. , Fried Michael W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsThe long‐term impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy with all‐oral direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) on patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) has not been well‐described. We characterized changes in PROs from pre‐treatment to 12 months post‐treatment in a real‐world cohort.MethodsPROP UP was a multi‐centre observational cohort study of 1601 patients treated with DAAs at 11 US gastroenterology/hepatology practices from 2015 to 2017. PROs were evaluated pre‐treatment (T1) and 12 months post‐treatment (T5). A minimally important change (MIC) threshold was prespecified as >5% change in PRO scores from T1 to T5. Multivariable analyses identified predictors of change.ResultsThree‐quarters of patients were 55 or older; 45% were female, 60% were white, 33% were black, nearly half had cirrhosis. The most commonly‐prescribed DAA regimens were sofosbuvir‐based (83%) and grazoprevir/elbasvir (11%). Study retention was >95%. On average, small improvements were observed at 3 months post‐treatment in all PROs and sustained at 12 months post‐treatment among patients with sustained virologic response (SVR). Clinically meaningful improvements were achieved in fatigue (mean change score: −3.7 [−4.2, −3.1]), sleep (mean change score: −3.1 [−3.7, −2.5]), abdominal pain (mean change score: −2.6 [−3.3, −1.9]) and functional well‐being (mean change score: −7.0 [−6.0, −8.0]). Symptom improvements were generally not sustained with no SVR (n = 52). Patients with cirrhosis and MELD ≥12 had the greatest improvements in functional well‐being (−12.9 [−17.6, −8.1]).ConclusionsThe improvements in patient‐reported outcomes reported by patients who achieved SVR following HCV DAA therapy were durable at 12 months post‐treatment.
Tribbles homolog 2 promotes hepatic fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis through phosphatase 1A‐Mediated stabilization of yes‐associated protein
Authors: Xiang Dejuan , Zhu Xiaoyun , Zhang Yanqiu , Zou Jie , Li Jie , Kong Lingyi , Zhang Hao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play critical roles in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Tribbles homolog 2 (TRIB2) is an oncogene implicated in a variety of cancers, including liver cancer. However, the biological function and regulatory mechanism of TRIB2 in HSCs are poorly understood. In addition, little is known about its role in liver fibrosis progression to HCC. Here, we revealed the clinical significance of TRIB2 in liver fibrosis and HCC development.MethodsWe investigated TRIB2 promoting liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. In mouse model of liver fibrosis and HCC, we measured hepatic fibrosis and HCC level through knockdown TRIB2 with shRNA. In addition, we performed western blotting, real‐time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence and co‐immunoprecipitation assay to study TRIB2 function in LX‐2 cells.ResultsTRIB2 expression was strongly upregulated in human fibrotic liver tissues and HCC tissues. TRIB2 colocalized with α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) in fibrotic and HCC liver tissues. Knockdown of TRIB2 inhibited HSC activation and liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. TRIB2 promoted Yes‐associated protein (YAP) stabilization, nuclear localization, and subsequent fibrotic gene expression independent of the MST‐LATS phosphorylation cascade in HSCs. TRIB2 interacted with YAP to recruit phosphatase 1A (PP1A), promoting PP1A‐mediated YAP dephosphorylation. TRIB2 knockdown potently attenuated the development of fibrosis‐associated liver cancer.ConclusionsTRIB2 is an attractive target for hepatic fibrosis and fibrosis‐associated liver cancer treatment.
Wnt/β‐catenin signalling mediates cardiac hypertrophy in type 4 cardiorenal syndrome
Authors: Zhao Yue , Lei Yanping , Li Yueyan , Zhang Jingjing , Tang Huifang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimCardiorenal syndrome type 4 (CRS4) is characterized by the condition that chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes sustainable injury to heart. This study focuses on exploring the mechanism underlying CRS4 and potential treatment for CRS4.MethodsIn the present study, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (5/6NX) for generating animal model of CKD. Cardiac hypertrophy, kidney injury, Wnt/β‐catenin signalling and serum TNF‐α were tested at eighth week after 5/6NX.ResultsCardiac hypertrophy and kidney injury were prominent and accompanied by Wnt/β‐catenin activation in rats at eighth week after 5/6NX. Blockade of Wnt/β‐catenin by ICG‐001 reduced 5/6NX‐stimulated fibronectin and podocalyxin in remnant kidney. Interestingly, ICG‐001 also inhibited hypertrophic markers β‐MHC and α‐actin and reduced cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, TNF‐α, as a systemic inflammation factor in blood circulation, was suggested to connect CKD to cardiac hypertrophy. It was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo studies that ICG‐001 is sufficient to counteract TNF‐α‐induced cardiac hypertrophy by sequestration of β‐catenin.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that Wnt/β‐catenin to be a unified pathogenic pathway of heart disorder and kidney disease in CRS4. Based on that, Wnt/β‐catenin signalling could be a target of promising therapy for protecting both heart and kidney organs in CRS4.
Anti‐apoptotic effects of human gingival mesenchymal stromal cells on polymorphonuclear leucocytes
Authors: Blufstein Alice , Behm Christian , Kubin Barbara , Gahn Johannes , Moritz Andreas , Rausch‐Fan Xiaohui , Andrukhov Oleh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesPolymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) constitute the first line of host defence and are crucial in maintaining periodontal health. Their survival and function are modulated by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from different origin. Gingival MSCs (GMSCs) play an important role in maintaining oral health and in the initial inflammatory response. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of GMSCs on PMNs apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.MethodsPMNs were either directly incubated with untreated, interleukin (IL)‐1β‐ or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α‐treated GMSCs or stimulated with their conditioned media. Resulting ROS production was evaluated by dichlorofluorescin diacetate staining, whereas PMNs apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V staining, followed by flow cytometry analysis.ResultsWhile conditioned media of untreated and TNF‐α‐treated GMSCs did not affect apoptosis of PMNs, it was significantly delayed by conditioned media of GMSCs treated with IL‐1β. In direct co‐culture, GMSCs exerted anti‐apoptotic effects on PMNs independently of the previous stimulation. However, the strongest impact was observed by IL‐1β‐treated GMSCs. ROS production of PMNs was not influenced by GMSCs or their conditioned media.ConclusionThis study demonstrates for the first time the immunomodulatory properties of GMSCs towards PMNs, revealing that IL‐1β enhances anti‐apoptotic effects of GMSCs.
“You can’t make me!” Managing adolescent dissent to anesthesia
Authors: Bryant Brittany E. , Adler Adam C. , Mann David G. , Malek Janet 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhen adolescents require health care, the need to obtain consent from the parent/legal guardian and assent from the patient can create the potential for an ethical dilemma when these two parties are not in agreement. Here, we describe a representative and common case scenario in which both parent and adolescent patient gave consent and assent, respectively, with a full understanding of the risks and benefits of the procedure and anesthetic. At the time of anesthetic induction, however, the patient expresses that she no longer wishes to have the procedure. We identify a number of considerations that inform the ethical analysis of such cases and offer recommendations about the most appropriate path forward for a practitioner faced with a difficult decision about how to respond.
Shoot‐derived miR2111 controls legume root and nodule development
Authors: Zhang Mengbai , Su Huanan , Gresshoff Peter M. , Ferguson Brett J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLegumes control their nodule numbers through the autoregulation of nodulation (AON). Rhizobia infection stimulates the production of root‐derived CLE peptide hormones that are translocated to the shoot where they regulate a new signal. We used soybean to demonstrate that this shoot‐derived signal is miR2111, which is transported via phloem to the root where it targets transcripts of Too Much Love (TML), a negative regulator of nodulation. Shoot perception of rhizobia‐induced CLE peptides suppresses miR2111 expression, resulting in TML accumulation in roots and subsequent inhibition of nodule organogenesis. Feeding synthetic mature miR2111 via the petiole increased nodule numbers per plant. Likewise, elevating miR2111 availability by over‐expression promoted nodulation, while target mimicry of TML induced the opposite effect on nodule development in wild‐type plants and alleviated the supernodulating and stunted root growth phenotypes of AON‐defective mutants. Additionally, in non‐nodulating wild‐type plants, ectopic expression of miR2111 significantly enhanced lateral root emergence with a decrease in lateral root length and average root diameter. In contrast, hairy roots constitutively expressing the target mimic construct exhibited reduced lateral root density. Overall, these findings demonstrate that miR2111 is both the critical shoot‐to‐root factor that positively regulates root nodule development and also acts to shape root system architecture.