bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Da invisibilidade à pavimentação dos direitos humanos LGBTQIA+: um diálogo entre as conquistas históricas e a consolidação de direitos
Authors: Silva Sandro  Gorski 
Published: December 2020

Há 50 anos, a cidade americana de Nova Iorque foi palco de intensas manifestações em prol dos direitos LGBTQIA+. O evento, comumente conhecido como o “Motim de Stonewall”, inaugura o ponto de inflexão da luta pós-moderna pelo reconhecimento dos direitos LGBTQIA+ no Ocidente. Tem como referência a noite do dia 28 de junho de 1969, quando a polícia nova-iorquina, buscando dissuadir os frequentadores do bar Stonewall Inn, empregou o uso da força, gerando violência e caos na rua Christopher, no bairro Greenwich Village. Nessa perspectiva histórica, o presente artigo tem como escopo revistar as conquistas mais importantes desse cinquentenário de luta pela consolidação dos direitos LGBTQIA+ no Ocidente. Percorrer-se-á, portanto, os avanços no campo dos chamados novos direitos, como o direito à diversidade sexual e a identidade de gênero, passando também pela descriminalização e despatologização da prática sexual entre pessoas do mesmo sexo e da vivência de gênero, dentre outros. Adotando como premissa o fato de que esses direitos ainda não são efetivos para grande parcela das pessoas que compõem esse grupo minorizado, analisar-se-á na sequência como dimensionar o legado da metafísica cristã na norma jurídica e na concepção contemporânea de dignidade humana, a fim de que tal ética não se preste a fundamentar a exclusão de direitos. Por fim, estudar-se-á como a educação em direitos humanos pode ressignificar não somente o mundo jurídico, mas também a esfera de direitos e a vida concreta das pessoas, justamente por ser a plataforma e o instrumento do nosso tempo necessários ao emponderamento e emancipação das vidas humanas.
Quantifying methane emissions from Queensland's coal seam gas producing Surat Basin using inventory data and a regional Bayesian inversion
Authors: Luhar Ashok K. , Etheridge David M. , Loh Zoë M. , Noonan Julie , Spencer Darren , Smith Lisa , Ong Cindy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas and a key
precursor of tropospheric ozone, itself a powerful greenhouse gas and air
pollutant. Methane emissions across Queensland's Surat Basin, Australia,
result from a mix of activities, including the production and processing of
coal seam gas (CSG). We measured methane concentrations over 1.5 years from
two monitoring stations established 80 km apart on either side of the main
CSG belt located within a study area of 350 km × 350 km. Using an inverse modelling approach coupled with a bottom-up inventory, we quantify methane emissions from this area. The inventory suggests that the
total emission is 173.2 × 106 kg CH4 yr−1, with
grazing cattle contributing about half of that, cattle feedlots ∼ 25 %, and CSG processing ∼ 8 %. Using the inventory emissions in a forward regional transport model indicates that the above sources are
significant contributors to methane at both monitors. However, the model
underestimates approximately the highest 15 % of the observed methane
concentrations, suggesting underestimated or missing emissions. An efficient
regional Bayesian inverse model is developed, incorporating an hourly
source–receptor relationship based on a backward-in-time configuration of the forward regional transport model, a posterior sampling scheme, and the
hourly methane observations and a derived methane background. The
inferred emissions obtained from one of the inverse model setups that uses a
Gaussian prior whose averages are identical to the gridded bottom-up
inventory emissions across the domain with an uncertainty of 3 % of the
averages best describes the observed methane. Having only two stations is
not adequate at sampling distant source areas of the study domain, and this
necessitates a small prior uncertainty. This inverse setup yields a total
emission of (165.8 ± 8.5) × 106 kg CH4 yr−1,
slightly smaller than the inventory total. However, in a subdomain covering
the CSG development areas, the inferred emissions are (63.6 ± 4.7) × 106 kg CH4 yr−1, 33 % larger than those from the
inventory. We also infer seasonal variation of methane emissions and examine
its correlation with climatological rainfall in the area.
Description of the uEMEP_v5 downscaling approach for the EMEP MSC-W chemistry transport model
Authors: Denby Bruce Rolstad , Gauss Michael , Wind Peter , Mu Qing , Grøtting Wærsted Eivind , Fagerli Hilde , Valdebenito Alvaro , Klein Heiko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. A description of the new air quality downscaling model –
the urban EMEP (uEMEP) and its combination with the EMEP MSC-W model (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme Meteorological Synthesising Centre West) – is presented. uEMEP is based on well-known Gaussian modelling principles. The
uniqueness of the system is in its combination with the EMEP MSC-W model and
the “local fraction” calculation contained within it. This allows the uEMEP
model to be imbedded in the EMEP MSC-W model and downscaling can be carried
out anywhere within the EMEP model domain, without any double counting of
emissions, if appropriate proxy data are available that describe the spatial
distribution of the emissions. This makes the model suitable for high-resolution
calculations, down to 50 m, over entire countries. An example
application, the Norwegian air quality forecasting and assessment system, is
described where the entire country is modelled at a resolution of between
250 and 50 m. The model is validated against all available monitoring data,
including traffic sites, in Norway. The results of the validation show good
results for NO2, which has the best known emissions, and moderately
good for PM10 and PM2.5. In Norway, the largest contributor to PM,
even in cities, is long-range transport followed by road dust and domestic
heating emissions. These contributors to PM are more difficult to quantify
than NOx exhaust emission from traffic, which is the major contributor
to NO2 concentrations. In addition to the validation results, a number
of verification and sensitivity results are summarised. One verification
showed that single annual mean calculations with a rotationally symmetric
dispersion kernel give very similar results to the average of an entire year
of hourly calculations, reducing the runtime for annual means by 4 orders
of magnitude. The uEMEP model, in combination with EMEP MSC-W model,
provides a new tool for assessing local-scale concentrations and exposure
over large regions in a consistent and homogenous way and is suitable for
large-scale policy applications.
Comparative geochemical study on Furongian–earliest Ordovician (Toledanian) and Ordovician (Sardic) felsic magmatic events in south-western Europe: underplating of hot mafic magmas linked to the opening of the Rheic Ocean
Authors: Álvaro J. Javier , Sánchez-García Teresa , Puddu Claudia , Casas Josep Maria , Díez-Montes Alejandro , Liesa Montserrat , Oggiano Giacomo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. A geochemical comparison of early Palaeozoic felsic magmatic episodes
throughout the south-western European margin of Gondwana is made and
includes (i) Furongian–Early Ordovician (Toledanian) activities recorded in
the Central Iberian and Galicia–Trás-os-Montes zones of the Iberian
Massif, and (ii) Early–Late Ordovician (Sardic) activities in the Eastern
Pyrenees, Occitan Domain (Albigeois, Montagne Noire and Mouthoumet massifs)
and Sardinia. Both phases are related to uplift and denudation of an
inherited palaeorelief, and stratigraphically preserved as distinct angular
discordances and paraconformities involving gaps of up to 22 million years. The
geochemical features of the predominantly felsic Toledanian and Sardic activities
point to a predominance of magmatic byproducts derived from the melting of
metasedimentary rocks, rich in SiO2 and K2O and with a peraluminous
character. Zr ∕ TiO2, Zr ∕ Nb, Nb ∕ Y and Zr vs. Ga ∕ Al ratios, and rare-earth element (REE) and
εNd(t) values suggest the contemporaneity, for both phases, of two
geochemical scenarios characterized by arc and extensional features evolving
to distinct extensional and rifting conditions associated with the final
outpouring of mafic tholeiite-dominant lava flows. The Toledanian and
Sardic magmatic phases are linked to neither metamorphism nor penetrative
deformation; on the contrary, their unconformities are associated with
foliation-free open folds subsequently affected by the Variscan deformation.
The geochemical and structural framework precludes subduction-generated
melts reaching the crust in a magmatic arc-to-back-arc setting and favours
partial melting of sediments and/or granitoids in the lower continental crust
triggered by the underplating of hot mafic magmas related to the opening of
the Rheic Ocean.
The MSA According to Vaios
Authors: Vaiopoulos Vaios 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT:
The experience of hosting a Congress for the MSA changes a scholar's view of American scholarship, of the Mediterranean, and of Mediterranean studies. The “big size” model of MSA Congresses has brought a special meaning to the study of the Mediterranean, offering opportunities for scholars to view the region simultaneously in a tightly localized context and in the region's expansive context.
Twenty Years of Fruitful Cooperation: Spain in the MSA
Authors: Lago Ángel Felices 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT:
The role of congress host is essential to the success of MSA Congress, helping to connect the history of the venue of each congress to the organization's mission of building collegiality with scholars of the Mediterranean. The author was instrumental in planning the 2002 MSA Congress in the historic city of Granada and has continued to work with colleagues in Spain to host MSA Congresses in cities of historical importance on the Iberian Peninsula.
Going Mediterranean: A Journey to the Mediterranean Studies Association
Authors: Rosenstreich Susan L. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT:
Mediterranean studies is often a destination for scholarship, rather than a point of departure. That is the case in this essay. At the outset of her academic career, the author sought a larger field of inquiry than her discipline could accommodate. Undeterred, she turned to curriculum development as a means of expanding disciplinary boundaries. But her interdisciplinary teaching practice isolated her from her departmental colleagues on the one hand, and met with resistance on the other hand from colleagues in other disciplines who resisted designing the shared objectives needed for good interdisciplinary programs. A chance decision to attend the first conference of the Mediterranean Studies Association introduced her to the focused approach to interdisciplinary studies that she had sought in her own work with linguistic and literary studies.
Driver versus navigator causation in biology: the case of insulin and fasting glucose
Authors: Diwekar-Joshi Manawa , Watve Milind 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIn biomedicine, inferring causal relation from experimental intervention or perturbation is believed to be a more reliable approach than inferring causation from cross-sectional correlation. However, we point out here that even in interventional inference there are logical traps. In homeostatic systems, causality in a steady state can be qualitatively different from that in a perturbed state. On a broader scale there is a need to differentiate driver causality from navigator causality. A driver is essential for reaching a destination but may not have any role in deciding the destination. A navigator on the other hand has a role in deciding the destination and the path but may not be able to drive the system to the destination. The failure to differentiate between types of causalities is likely to have resulted into many misinterpretations in physiology and biomedicine.MethodsWe illustrate this by critically re-examining a specific case of the causal role of insulin in glucose homeostasis using five different approaches (1) Systematic review of tissue specific insulin receptor knock-outs, (2) Systematic review of insulin suppression and insulin enhancement experiments, (3) Differentiating steady state and post-meal state glucose levels in streptozotocin treated rats in primary experiments, (4) Mathematical and theoretical considerations and (5) Glucose-insulin relationship in human epidemiological data.ResultsAll the approaches converge on the inference that although insulin action hastens the return to a steady state after a glucose load, there is no evidence that insulin action determines the steady state level of glucose. Insulin, unlike the popular belief in medicine, appears to be a driver but not a navigator for steady state glucose level. It is quite likely therefore that the current line of clinical action in the field of type 2 diabetes has limited success largely because it is based on a misinterpretation of glucose-insulin relationship. The insulin-glucose example suggests that we may have to carefully re-examine causal inferences from perturbation experiments and set up revised norms for experimental design for causal inference.
Consumer Food Preferences and Drivers amongst Ghanaians: Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Agyei-Amponsah J. , Owureku-Asare M. , Katiyo W. 
Published: December 2020

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on food preference and choice of a group of Ghanaian consumers and to identify the key potential drivers.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted online. Data were collected over a 1-month period in May 2020 during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methodology: The study questionnaire was administered through a virtual snowball sampling method using WhatsApp.
Results: The results of the study showed that age and gender were not critical for food choice during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most consumers (92 %) either stayed away completely from eateries or patronized order/delivery services. Consumers’ food and diet choices were skewed toward eating healthier homemade foods to boost their immunity. The main drivers of purchase preference for the Ghanaian consumer during the lockdown period of COVID-19 were the expiration date, quality and sensory characteristics of food products.
Conclusion: The food preference of the group of Ghanaian consumers used surveyed in this study did not change during the COVID-19 restrictions. The Ghanaian consumer chose healthier homemade foods over food from eateries. The findings of this research work would be beneficial to government agencies and food companies involved in food supply intervention programmes during a pandemic.
Antioxidant Properties and Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Pulcria crispa on Biochemical and Hematological Parameters of Albino Rats
Authors: Daradka Haytham M. , Shdefat Ramadan Al- , Eskandrani Areej A. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Pulcria crispa (P. crispa) is an herbal plant traditionally used to treat common ailments.
Objective: In this study, we investigated P. crispa for its phytochemical constituents, antioxidant properties and effects on biochemical and hematological parameters as well as safety in albino rats.
Methods: Phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of P. crispa was conducted using standard procedures. In vitro 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assay were used for the investigation of antioxidant activity of extract. Acute effects on physical and behavioral changes and mortality were monitored up to 72 h after administration of different doses of C. crispa Chronic effects on body to organ ratio, biochemical and hematological parameters were measured after administration of rats with different doses of P. crispa extract for 30 days.
Results: Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and tannins were the most abundant constituents found in P. crispa extract, which displayed a significant antioxidant activity measured by reducing power and DPPH assays. No physical, behavioral changes and mortality were noted following the acute treatment of rats with the extract. Similarly, no significant change in body to organ weight ratio was observed after chronic treatment. Hematological parameters including RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC values were unaltered while W.B.C count was elevated in P.crispa administered rats compared to control.

crispa extract significantly reduced glucose, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, bilirubin, AST and ALT levels, whereas, triglycerides and total protein levels were increased in response to P.crispa treatment.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that P. crispa extract is rich in bioactive compounds and possesses significant antioxidant properties. Extract was also found to be safe and had no significant adverse effects on hematological parameters and exerted beneficial effects on biochemical parameters.
Circulating tumor cell detection and single‐cell analysis using an integrated workflow based on ChimeraX®‐i120 Platform: A prospective study
Authors: Wang Peng‐Xiang , Sun Yun‐Fan , Jin Wei‐Xiang , Cheng Jian‐Wen , Peng Hai‐Xiang , Xu Yang , Zhou Kai‐Qian , Chen Li‐Meng , Huang Kai , Wu Sui‐Yi , Hu Bo , Zhang Ze‐Fan , Guo Wei , Cao Ya , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Yang Xin‐Rong 
Published: December 2020

Circulating tumor cell (CTC) analysis holds great potential to be a noninvasive solution for clinical cancer management. A complete workflow that combined CTC detection and single‐cell molecular analysis is required. We developed the ChimeraX®‐i120 platform to facilitate negative enrichment, immunofluorescent labeling, and machine learning‐based identification of CTCs. Analytical performances were evaluated, and a total of 477 participants were enrolled to validate the clinical feasibility of ChimeraX®‐i120 CTC detection. We analyzed copy number alteration profiles of isolated single cells. The ChimeraX®‐i120 platform had high sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility for CTC detection. In clinical samples, an average value of > 60% CTC‐positive rate was found for five cancer types (i.e., liver, biliary duct, breast, colorectal, and lung), while CTCs were rarely identified in blood from healthy donors. In hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with curative resection, CTC status was significantly associated with tumor characteristics, prognosis, and treatment response (all P < 0.05). Single‐cell sequencing analysis revealed that heterogeneous genomic alteration patterns resided in different cells, patients, and cancers. Our results suggest that the use of this ChimeraX®‐i120 platform and the integrated workflow has validity as a tool for CTC detection and downstream genomic profiling in the clinical setting.
Ultralow Voltage High‐Performance Bioartificial Muscles Based on Ionically Crosslinked Polypyrrole‐Coated Functional Carboxylated Bacterial Cellulose for Soft Robots
Authors: Wang Fan , Li Qinchuan , Park Jong‐Oh , Zheng Shaohui , Choi Eunpyo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe development of ultralow voltage high‐performance bioartificial muscles with large bending strain, fast response time, and excellent actuation durability is highly desirable for promising applications such as soft robotics, active biomedical devices, flexible haptic displays, and wearable electronics. Herein, a novel high‐performance low‐priced bioartificial muscle based on functional carboxylated bacterial cellulose (FCBC) and polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles is reported, exhibiting a large bending strain of 0.93%, long actuated bending durability (96% retention for 5 h) under an ultralow harmonic input of 0.5 V, broad frequency bandwidth up to 10 Hz, fast response time (≈4 s) in DC responses, high energy density (6.81 KJ m−3), and high power density (5.11 KW m−3), all of which mainly stem from its high surface area and porosity, large specific capacitance, tuned mechanical properties, and strong ionic interactions of cations and anions in ionic liquid with FCBC and PPy nanoparticles. More importantly, bioinspired applications such as the grapple robot, bionic medical stent, bionic flower, and wings‐vibrating have been realized. These successful demonstrations offer a viable means for developing high‐performance bioartificial muscles for next‐generation soft bioelectronics including bioinspired robotics, biomedical microdevices, and wearable electronics.
Controllable Formation of Ordered Vacancy Compound for High Efficiency Solution Processed Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Yunhai , Yuan Shengjie , Chang Qianqian , Zhou Zhengji , Kou Dongxing , Zhou Wenhui , Qi Yafang , Wu Sixin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSolution processing of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber makes it cost‐competitive in the photovoltaic market. It is reported that copper‐poor ordered vacancy compound (OVC) is crucial for high performance CIGS solar cells. However, in solution process method, controllable formation of OVC is unavailable and limited research has been carried out. In this work, the controllable formation of the OVC phase on the CIGS surface is successful by controlling the selenization temperature and intentional variation of Cu/(In+Ga) stoichiometry in precursors for top layers and bulk layers deposition. The effects of OVC contents on the device performance are investigated. The CIGS thin film with OVC phase exhibits a lower valence band position. Meanwhile, the CIGS devices with optimized OVC content show decreased interface defects density and better carrier collection ability. The above advantages translate into a champion PCE of 16.39% for CIGS device with OVC phase, which is the champion performance among non‐hydrazine solution‐processed CIGS solar cells. The results demonstrate that the controllable formation of OVC phase approach should make a significant contribution to the efficiency promoting of solution processed CIGS solar cells.
Amphipathic Side Chain of a Conjugated Polymer Optimizes Dopant Location toward Efficient N‐Type Organic Thermoelectrics
Authors: Liu Jian , Ye Gang , Potgieser Hinderikus G. O. , Koopmans Marten , Sami Selim , Nugraha Mohamad Insan , Villalva Diego Rosas , Sun Hengda , Dong Jingjin , Yang Xuwen , Qiu Xinkai , Yao Chen , Portale Giuseppe , Fabiano Simone , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Baran Derya , Havenith Remco W. A. , Chiechi Ryan C. , Koster L. Jan Anton 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere is no molecular strategy for selectively increasing the Seebeck coefficient without reducing the electrical conductivity for organic thermoelectrics. Here, it is reported that the use of amphipathic side chains in an n‐type donor–acceptor copolymer can selectively increase the Seebeck coefficient and thus increase the power factor by a factor of ≈5. The amphipathic side chain contains an alkyl chain segment as a spacer between the polymer backbone and an ethylene glycol type chain segment. The use of this alkyl spacer does not only reduce the energetic disorder in the conjugated polymer film but can also properly control the dopant sites away from the backbone, which minimizes the adverse influence of counterions. As confirmed by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations with the host–dopant distance as the only variable, a reduced Coulombic interaction resulting from a larger host–dopant distance contributes to a higher Seebeck coefficient for a given electrical conductivity. Finally, an optimized power factor of 18 µW m–1 K–2 is achieved in the doped polymer film. This work provides a facile molecular strategy for selectively improving the Seebeck coefficient and opens up a new route for optimizing the dopant location toward realizing better n‐type polymeric thermoelectrics.