bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental creation of multi-photon high-dimensional layered quantum states
Authors: Hu Xiao-Min , Xing Wen-Bo , Zhang Chao , Liu Bi-Heng , Pivoluska Matej , Huber Marcus , Huang Yun-Feng , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can 
Published: October 2020

AbstractQuantum entanglement is one of the most important resources in quantum information. In recent years, the research of quantum entanglement mainly focused on the increase in the number of entangled qubits or the high-dimensional entanglement of two particles. Compared with qubit states, multipartite high-dimensional entangled states have beneficial properties and are powerful for constructing quantum networks. However, there are few studies on multipartite high-dimensional quantum entanglement due to the difficulty of creating such states. In this paper, we experimentally prepared a multipartite high-dimensional state $$\left|{\Psi }_{442}\right\rangle =\frac{1}{2}(\left|000\right\rangle +\left|110\right\rangle +\left|221\right\rangle +\left|331\right\rangle )$$

Ψ

442

=

1

2

(

000

+

110

+

221

+

331

)

by using the path mode of photons. We obtain the fidelity F = 0.854 ± 0.007 of the quantum state, which proves a real multipartite high-dimensional entangled state. Finally, we use this quantum state to demonstrate a layered quantum network in principle. Our work highlights another route toward complex quantum networks.
Mechanisms of interleukin 4 mediated increase in efficacy of vaccines against opioid use disorders
Authors: Crouse Bethany , Robinson Christine , Huseby Kelcher April , Laudenbach Megan , Abrahante Juan E. , Pravetoni Marco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOpioid use disorders (OUD) affect over 27 million people worldwide. Anti-opioid vaccines offer a promising strategy to treat OUD and prevent overdose. Using immunomodulation of cytokine signaling to increase vaccine efficacy, this study found that blocking IL-4 improved the efficacy of vaccines targeting oxycodone and fentanyl in male and female mice. Genetic deletion of the IL-4 receptor, STAT6, or antibody-based depletion of IL-13, did not increase vaccine efficacy against opioids, suggesting the involvement of type I IL-4 receptors. Enhancement of vaccine efficacy with blockade of IL-4 was associated with improved germinal center formation in secondary lymphoid organs and selective transcriptome signatures in the activated CD4+T cell population subset. These data suggest that IL-4 is both a pharmacological target and a potential biomarker of vaccine efficacy against OUD.
Long-term surveys of age structure in 13 ungulate and one ostrich species in the Serengeti, 1926–2018
Authors: Rogy Pierre , Sinclair Anthony R. E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Serengeti ecosystem spans an extensive network of protected areas in Tanzania, eastern Africa, and a UNESCO Wold Heritage Site. It is home to some of the largest animal migrations on the planet. Here, we describe a dataset consisting of the sample counts of three age classes (infant, juvenile and adult) of 13 ungulate and one ostrich species. Sample counts were tallied visually from the ground, or, in some instances, aerial photographs, during a period extending from 1926 to 2018. Observed animals were assigned to age classes based on specific criteria for each species. For nine of the 14 species of this dataset, the number of sampling years is over 30. This resulted in a total of 533 different records of count across age classes. By computing age-class ratios, these data can be used to measure long-term recruitment success at different ages of the tallied species. In particular, the temporal extent of these data allows comparison of patterns to other long-term processes, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
Lower leg muscle–tendon unit characteristics are related to marathon running performance
Authors: Kovács Bálint , Kóbor István , Gyimes Zsolt , Sebestyén Örs , Tihanyi József 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe human ankle joint and plantar flexor muscle–tendon unit play an important role in endurance running. It has been assumed that muscle and tendon interactions and their biomechanical behaviours depend on their morphological and architectural characteristics. We aimed to study how plantar flexor muscle characteristics influence marathon running performance and to determine whether there is any difference in the role of the soleus and gastrocnemii. The right lower leg of ten male distance runners was scanned with magnetic resonance imagining. The cross-sectional areas of the Achilles tendon, soleus, and lateral and medial gastrocnemius were measured, and the muscle volumes were calculated. Additional ultrasound scanning was used to estimate the fascicle length of each muscle to calculate the physiological cross-sectional area. Correlations were found between marathon running performance and soleus volume (r = 0.55, p = 0.048), soleus cross-sectional area (r = 0.57, p = 0.04), soleus physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA-IAAF r = 0.77, p < 0.01, CI± 0.28 to 0.94), Achilles tendon thickness (r = 0.65, p < 0.01), and soleus muscle-to-tendon ratio (r = 0.68, p = 0.03). None of the gastrocnemius characteristics were associated with marathon performance. We concluded that a larger soleus muscle with a thicker Achilles tendon is associated with better marathon performance. Based on these results, it can be concluded the morphological characteristics of the lower leg muscle–tendon unit correlate with running performance.
A comparison of the prognostic value of composite ratios and cumulative scores in patients with operable rectal cancer
Authors: Dolan Ross D. , Alwahid Muhammed , McSorley Stephen T. , Park James H. , Stevenson Richard P. , Roxburgh Campbell S. , Horgan Paul G. , McMillan Donald C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to directly compare the prognostic value of cumulative scores and composite ratios in patients with operable rectal cancer. Within a single surgical unit preoperative differential blood cell results including neutrophil (N), lymphocyte (L), monocyte (M) and platelet (P) counts, as well as CRP (C) and albumin (A) levels were recorded. These results were used to construct a series of composite ratios (NLR, PLR, LMR, CAR) and cumulative scores (NLS, PLS, LMS, NPS, mGPS). The relationship between composite ratios and the cumulative scores and clinicopathological characteristics, cancer specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were examined. A total of 413 patients were included. When adjusted for TNM stage, surgical approach, time of surgery and margin involvement mGPS (p < 0.05) was associated with CSS. In addition, most composite ratios/scores showed correlations with neoadjuvant therapy (p < 0.001). When a direct comparison between NPS (myeloid) and mGPS (liver) was carried out they showed similar associations with both CSS and OS. Therefore, both composite ratios and cumulative scores have been shown to be prognostic in patients with operable rectal cancer.
Bacteria incorporated with calcium lactate pentahydrate to improve the mortar properties and self-healing occurrence
Authors: Chaerun Siti Khodijah , Syarif Ridwan , Wattimena Ridho Kresna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConcrete can be harmful to the environment due to its high energy consumption and CO2 emission and also has a potential crack formation, which can promote a drop in its strength. Therefore, concrete is considered as a non-sustainable material. The mechanisms by which bacterial oxidation of organic carbon can precipitate calcite that may fill the voids and cracks on cement-based materials have been extensively investigated to prevent and heal the micro-cracks formation. Hence, this study focused on utilizing a new alkaliphilic bacterial strain indigenous to an Indonesian site, Lysinibacillus sphaericus strain SKC/VA-1, incorporated with calcium lactate pentahydrate, as a low-cost calcium source, with various bacterial inoculum concentrations. The bacterium was employed in this study due to its ability to adapt to basic pH, thus improving the physical properties and rejuvenating the micro-cracks. Experimentally, the addition of calcium lactate pentahydrate slightly affected the mortar properties. Likewise, bacteria-incorporated mortar exhibited an enhancement in the physical properties of mortar. The highest improvement of mechanical properties (an increase of 45% and 36% for compressive and indirect tensile strength, respectively) was achieved by the addition of calcium lactate pentahydrate incorporated with 10% v/v bacterial inoculum [about 7 × 107 CFU/ml (colony-forming unit/ml)]. The self-healing took place more rapidly on bacterial mortar supplemented with calcium lactate pentahydrate than on the control specimen. XRD analysis demonstrated that the mineralogical composition of self-healing precipitates was primarily dominated by calcite (CaCO3), indicating the capacity of L. sphaericus strain SKC/VA-1 to precipitate calcite through organic carbon oxidation for self-healing the artificial crack on the mortar. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the potential utilization of the bacterium L. sphaericus incorporated with calcium lactate pentahydrate to increase the mortar properties, including its self-healing ability. However, further study with the water-cement ratio variation is required to investigate the possibility of using L. sphaericus and calcium lactate pentahydrate as an alternative method rather than reducing the water-cement ratio to enhance the mortar properties.
A combined fMRI and EMG study of emotional contagion following partial sleep deprivation in young and older humans
Authors: Tamm Sandra , Schwarz Johanna , Thuné Hanna , Kecklund Göran , Petrovic Predrag , Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Fischer Håkan , Lekander Mats , Nilsonne Gustav 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSleep deprivation is proposed to inhibit top-down-control in emotion processing, but it is unclear whether sleep deprivation affects emotional mimicry and contagion. Here, we aimed to investigate effects of partial sleep deprivation on emotional contagion and mimicry in young and older humans. Participants underwent partial sleep deprivation (3 h sleep opportunity at the end of night), crossed-over with a full sleep condition in a balanced order, followed by a functional magnetic resonance imaging and electromyography (EMG) experiment with viewing of emotional and neutral faces and ratings of emotional responses. The final sample for main analyses was n = 69 (n = 36 aged 20–30 years, n = 33 aged 65–75 years). Partial sleep deprivation caused decreased activation in fusiform gyri for angry faces and decreased ratings of happiness for all stimuli, but no significant effect on the amygdala. Older participants reported more anger compared to younger participants, but no age differences were seen in brain responses to emotional faces or sensitivity to partial sleep deprivation. No effect of the sleep manipulation was seen on EMG. In conclusion, emotional contagion, but not mimicry, was affected by sleep deprivation. Our results are consistent with the previously reported increased negativity bias after insufficient sleep.The Stockholm sleepy brain study: effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive and emotional processing in young and old.https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02000076.
Validation of a method to quantify microfibres present in aquatic surface microlayers
Authors: Birkenhead Joshua , Radford Freya , Stead Jessica L. , Cundy Andrew B. , Hudson Malcolm D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany of the methods for microplastics quantification in the environment are criticised creating problems with data validity. Quantification of microplastics in the surface microlayer of aquatic environments using glass plate dipping holds promise as a simple field method, but its efficiency has yet to be validated. We tested a standard glass plate dipping method to assess recovery of four common polymer microfibres and two common natural fibres, under three different salinities (freshwater, brackish water, saltwater). Overall recovery rates were low (26.8 ± 1.54%) but higher recoveries were observed under saltwater treatments (36.5 ± 3.01%) than brackish water (24.5 ± 1.92%) or freshwater (19.3 ± 1.92%). The fibre types showed different recovery rates, with acrylic yielding significantly higher recovery rates (37.0 ± 2.71%) than other fibres across treatments. No clear relationship between the density of the fibres and the recovery efficiency was seen. We suggest that, where this method is used for monitoring microplastics, the results will typically underestimate the total amount present, but that recovery is sufficiently consistent to allow comparison of differences between sampling locations. When comparing data across river-estuarine or similar transects salinity should be monitored to account for salinity-induced differences in sampling recovery.
Pre-treatment with the angiotensin receptor 1 blocker losartan protects renal blood flow and oxygen delivery after propofol-induced hypotension in pigs
Authors: Franzén Stephanie , Frithiof Robert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHypotensive events are strongly correlated to the occurrence of perioperative acute kidney injury, but the underlying mechanisms for this are not completely elucidated. We hypothesised that anaesthesia-induced hypotension causes renal vasoconstriction and decreased oxygen delivery via angiotensin II-mediated renal vasoconstriction. Pigs were anaesthetised, surgically prepared and randomised to vehicle/losartan treatment (0.15 mg*kg−1). A deliberate reduction in arterial blood pressure was caused by infusion of propofol (30 mg*kg−1) for 10 min. Renal function and haemodynamics were recorded 60 min before and after hypotension. Propofol induced hypotension in all animals (p < 0.001). Renal blood flow (RBF) and renal oxygen delivery (RDO2) decreased significantly regardless of treatment but more so in vehicle-treated compared to losartan-treated (p = 0.001, p = 0.02, respectively). During recovery RBF and RDO2 improved to a greater extent in the losartan-treated compared to vehicle-treated (+ 28 ml*min−1, 95%CI 8–50 ml*min−1, p = 0.01 and + 3.1 ml*min−1, 95%CI 0.3–5.8 ml*min−1, p = 0.03, respectively). Sixty minutes after hypotension RBF and RDO2 remained depressed in vehicle-treated, as renal vascular resistance was still increased (p < 0.001). In losartan-treated animals RBF and RDO2 had normalised. Pre-treatment with losartan improved recovery of renal blood flow and renal oxygen delivery after propofol-induced hypotension, suggesting pronounced angiotensin II-mediated renal vasoconstriction during blood pressure reductions caused by anaesthesia.
TBC1D1 interacting proteins, VPS13A and VPS13C, regulate GLUT4 homeostasis in C2C12 myotubes
Authors: Hook Sharon C. , Chadt Alexandra , Heesom Kate J. , Kishida Shosei , Al-Hasani Hadi , Tavaré Jeremy M. , Thomas Elaine C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProteins involved in the spaciotemporal regulation of GLUT4 trafficking represent potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A key regulator of insulin- and exercise-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 trafficking is TBC1D1. This study aimed to identify proteins that regulate GLUT4 trafficking and homeostasis via TBC1D1. Using an unbiased quantitative proteomics approach, we identified proteins that interact with TBC1D1 in C2C12 myotubes including VPS13A and VPS13C, the Rab binding proteins EHBP1L1 and MICAL1, and the calcium pump SERCA1. These proteins associate with TBC1D1 via its phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains and their interactions with TBC1D1 were unaffected by AMPK activation, distinguishing them from the AMPK regulated interaction between TBC1D1 and AMPKα1 complexes. Depletion of VPS13A or VPS13C caused a post-transcriptional increase in cellular GLUT4 protein and enhanced cell surface GLUT4 levels in response to AMPK activation. The phenomenon was specific to GLUT4 because other recycling proteins were unaffected. Our results provide further support for a role of the TBC1D1 PTB domains as a scaffold for a range of Rab regulators, and also the VPS13 family of proteins which have been previously linked to fasting glycaemic traits and insulin resistance in genome wide association studies.
Marital status and survival of patients with colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma: a population-based study
Authors: Feng Li , Yang Yong-jing , Du Juan , Yu Yong-jiang , Diao Jian-dong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe prognostic role of marital status on colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) has not been studied. In this study, the correlation of marital status with prognosis of colorectal SRCC was analyzed. Eligible subjects were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) dataset from 2004 to 2015, followed by comparison of cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) between married and unmarried group. 3152 patients were identified including 1777 married patients (56.38%). Married populations tended to be more patients aged < 65, male, receiving chemotherapy, and less black race and large tumor size compared to unmarried group (all P < 0.05).Moreover, 5-year CSS (30.04% vs. 28.19%, P = 0.0013) and OS rates (26.68% vs. 22.94%, P < 0.0001) were superior in married population. Multivariate analysis revealed that marital status was an independent favorable prognostic indicator, and married population had better CSS (HR: 0.898; 95% CI: 0.822–0.980; P = 0.016) and OS (HR: 0.898; 95%CI: 0.827–0.975; P = 0.011).In addition, CSS as well as OS were superior in married populations than unmarried ones in most subgroups. Marital status was an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with colorectal SRCC. Additionally, married patients obtained better survival advantages.
The effect of proteolytic enzymes and pH on GII.4 norovirus, during both interactions and non-interaction with Histo-Blood Group Antigens
Authors: Chassaing Manon , Robin Maëlle , Loutreul Julie , Majou Didier , Belliot Gaël , de Rougemont Alexis , Boudaud Nicolas , Gantzer Christophe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Histo-Blood Groups Antigens (HBGAs) have been described as attachment factors, promoting HuNoV infection. However, their role has not yet been elucidated. This study aims to evaluate the ability of HBGAs to protect HuNoVs against various factors naturally found in the human digestive system. The effects of acid pH and proteolytic enzymes (pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin) on GII.4 virus-like particles (VLPs) and GII.4 HuNoVs were studied, both during interactions and non-interaction with HBGAs. The results showed that GII.4 VLPs and GII.4 HuNoVs behaved differently following the treatments. GII.4 VLPs were disrupted at a pH of less than 2.0 and in the presence of proteolytic enzymes (1,500 units/mL pepsin, 100 mg/mL trypsin, and 100 mg/mL chymotrypsin). VLPs were also partially damaged by lower concentrations of trypsin and chymotrypsin (0.1 mg/mL). Conversely, the capsids of GII.4 HuNoVs were not compromised by such treatments, since their genomes were not accessible to RNase. HBGAs were found to offer GII.4 VLPs no protection against an acid pH or proteolytic enzymes.
Tetraspanins are involved in Burkholderia pseudomallei-induced cell-to-cell fusion of phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells
Authors: Sangsri Tanes , Saiprom Natnaree , Tubsuwan Alisa , Monk Peter , Partridge Lynda J. , Chantratita Narisara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTetraspanins are four-span transmembrane proteins of host cells that facilitate infections by many pathogens.Burkholderia pseudomalleiis an intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe disease in tropical regions. This study investigated the role of tetraspanins inB. pseudomalleiinfection. We used flow cytometry to determine tetraspanins CD9, CD63, and CD81 expression on A549 and J774A.1 cells. Their roles inB. pseudomalleiinfection were investigated in vitro using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and recombinant large extracellular loop (EC2) proteins to pretreat cells before infection. Knockout of CD9 and CD81 in cells was performed using CRISPR Cas9 to confirm the role of tetraspanins. Pretreatment of A549 cells with MAb against CD9 and CD9-EC2 significantly enhancedB. pseudomalleiinternalization, but MAb against CD81 and CD81-EC2 inhibited MNGC formation. Reduction of MNGC formation was consistently observed in J774.A1 cells pretreated with MAbs specific to CD9 and CD81 and with CD9-EC2 and CD81-EC2. Data from knockout experiments confirmed that CD9 enhanced bacterial internalization and that CD81 inhibited MNGC formation. Our data indicate that tetraspanins are host cellular factors that mediated internalization and membrane fusion duringB. pseudomalleiinfection. Tetraspanins may be the potential therapeutic targets for melioidosis.
Individual differences in working memory capacity moderate effects of post-learning activity on memory consolidation over the long term
Authors: Martini Markus , Marhenke Robert , Martini Caroline , Rossi Sonja , Sachse Pierre 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSimilar to sleeping after learning, a brief period of wakeful resting after encoding new information supports memory retention in contrast to task-related cognition. Recent evidence suggests that working memory capacity (WMC) is related to sleep-dependent declarative memory consolidation. We tested whether WMC moderates the effect of a brief period of wakeful resting compared to performing a distractor task subsequent to encoding a word list. Participants encoded and immediately recalled a word list followed by either an 8 min wakeful resting period (eyes closed, relaxed) or by performing an adapted version of the d2 test of attention for 8 min. At the end of the experimental session (after 12–24 min) and again, after 7 days, participants were required to complete a surprise free recall test of both word lists. Our results show that interindividual differences in WMC are a central moderating factor for the effect of post-learning activity on memory retention. The difference in word retention between a brief period of wakeful resting versus performing a selective attention task subsequent to encoding increased in higher WMC individuals over a retention interval of 12–24 min, as well as over 7 days. This effect was reversed in lower WMC individuals. Our results extend findings showing that WMC seems not only to moderate sleep-related but also wakeful resting-related memory consolidation.
Crustal deformation rates in Kashmir valley and adjoining regions from continuous GPS measurements from 2008 to 2019
Authors: Jade Sridevi , Mir Ramees R. , Vivek Chiranjeevi G. , Shrungeshwara T. S. , Parvez I. A. , Chandra Rakesh , Babu D. Suri , Gupta S. Vishal , Ankit  , Rajana Siva Sai Kumar , Gaur V. K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present GPS velocities in Kashmir valley and adjoining regions from continuous Global Positioning System (cGPS) network during 2008 to 2019. Results indicate total arc normal shortening rates of ~ 14 mm/year across this transect of Himalaya that is comparable to the rates of ~ 10 to 20 mm/year reported else-where in the 2500 km Himalaya Arc. For the first time in Himalayas, arc-parallel extension rate of ~ 7 mm/year was recorded in the Kashmir valley, pointing to oblique deformation. Inverse modeling of the contemporary deformation rates in Kashmir valley indicate oblique slip of ~ 16 mm/year along the decollement with locking depth of ~ 15 km and width of ~ 145 km. This result is consistent with the recorded micro-seismicity and low velocity layer at a depth of 12 to 16 km beneath the Kashmir valley obtained from collocated broadband seismic network. Geodetic strain rates are consistent with the dislocation model and micro-seismic activity, with high strain accumulation (~ 7e−08 maximum compression) to the north of Kashmir valley and south of Zanskar ranges. Assuming the stored energy was fully released during 1555 earthquake, high geodetic strain rate since then and observed micro-seismicity point to probable future large earthquakes of Mw ~ 7.7 in Kashmir seismic gap.