bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulatory difference due to injury pattern in the moderate-TBI brain: Effective connectivity of working memory from preliminary findings
Authors: Chai W J , Abd Hamid A I , Abdullah J M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury could cause cognitive deficits due to brain network disruption. The present study examined the effective connectivity of working memory in a group of moderate-TBI participants and making comparison with healthy controls. Group-level results of the n-back task with four levels of cognitive load (0-, 1-, 2-, and 3-back) identified activation in regions that corresponded with past literature of working memory, including the bilateral inferior occipital gyri, superior parietal lobules, and superior frontal gyri that were specified as regions of interest for subsequent dynamic causal model specification. The modulatory inputs were differentially defined in six models for every participant. Bayesian model selection directed to different winning models between the groups based on injury patterns. The moderate-TBI group with left hemisphere injury favoured connectivity involving a bottom-up left-to-right modulation, whereas the healthy group and TBI group with injuries involving both hemispheres preferred the connectivity model with a bottom-up modulation that is bilateral and bidirectional. The left-lateralized modulatory pattern reported in the moderate-TBI participants implies the role of the left hemisphere in attending to cognitively demanding tasks, especially in individuals with a disrupted neural network. Future studies could work on expanding the connectivity analyses based on the current finding.
SNRo, T1 and T2 characteristics of poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) MRI slime phantom with different PVA/borax ratio
Authors: Tee H S , Yusoff A N , Yee Y Y , Manan H Abdul , Awang M N A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Eleven PVA slime phantoms with different PVA/borax ratios were prepared using PVA and borax solution. The phantoms were scanned using Siemens 3-T Magnetom Verio MRI system using spin echo (SE) and turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences to obtain axial T1 and T2 weighted images respectively. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of all samples was calculated implementing the region of interest (ROI) analysis. The T1 and T2 relaxation equations were then fitted to the experimental SNR vs. TR and SNR vs. TE curves for saturation (SNRo), T1 and T2 determination. Despite different PVA/borax ratios, SNRo was found to be constant while T1 and T2 increased slightly for higher borax concentration. The slime phantoms fabricated in this study has the potential as an alternative to agarose gel phantom.
Assessment of internal radiation exposure of nuclear medicine workers using whole body gamma counter
Authors: Norhayati A , Suzilawati M S , Khairunisa Z Nur , Raymond Y T L , Azimawati A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The use of unsealed sources in nuclear medicine may cause risks of internal exposure to the staffs. From the Basic Safety Radiation Protection Regulations (BSRP 2010) under ACT 304, the radiation workers should be assessed frequently for both internal and external exposures in order to ensure the compliance of dose limit of 20 mSv/y, averaged over defined periods of 5 years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the internal exposure of radiation workers from nuclear medicine centres who might be exposed to the unsealed sources such as Tc-99m and I-131. A total of 13 radiation workers from two nuclear medicine centres were invited to perform the whole-body counting in Malaysian Nuclear Agency. Each worker was scanned using ORTEC Whole Body Counter (WBC), bed type for 2400 s counting time. The internal exposure for each radionuclide of interest was then evaluated based on the ICRP Publication 68, IAEA’s Safety Report Series No. 37 and BSRP 2010 in determining the committed effective dose. The results show that there is no internal exposure found for all monitored radiation workers, thus demonstrate that the radiation protection and safety were strictly implemented in these centres.
EEG neurofeedback for dyslexia treatment: Limitations and future directions
Authors: Othman Ernee Sazlinayati , Faye Ibrahima , Sundaram Muthuvalu Mohana , Naufal Mohamad Saad Mohamad 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study reviewed recently published scientific literature on the use of EEG neurofeedback for dyslexia treatment. Dyslexia is characterized as severe difficulty in spelling, reading, learning, memorizing as well as sequential activities. Traditional program designed to teach reading enhancement are mostly less effective or require intensive therapy over long periods of time. This research aim is to determine whether learning disabilities among dyslexic’s children can be improved by electroencephalography neurofeedback therapy. Some suggestive discoveries have been reported on the effectiveness of neurofeedback training to enhance learning performance. Due to the limitation in terms of sample size and single-band training protocol in neurofeedback research for dyslexia treatment, the association between neurofeedback training and improvement in learning disability has yet to be established. This review highlights several suggestions to help and accelerate future research.
Reduction in urban water use leads to less wastewater and fewer emissions:analysis of three representative U.S. cities
Authors: Gursel Aysegul Petek , Chaudron Camille , Kavvada Ioanna , Horvath Arpad 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Electricity consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with wastewater flows from residential and commercial water use in three major cities of the United States are analyzed and compared for the period 2010–2018. Contributions of unit wastewater treatment processes and electricity sources to the overall emissions are considered. Tucson (Arizona), Denver (Colorado), and Washington, DC were chosen for their distinct locations, climatic conditions, raw water sources, wastewater treatment technologies, and electric power mixes. Denver experienced a 20% reduction in treated wastewater volumes per person despite a 16% increase in population. In Washington, DC, the reduction was 19%, corresponding to a 16% increase in population, and in Tucson 14% despite a population growth of 3%. The electricity intensity per volume of treated wastewater was higher in Tucson (1 kWh m−3) than in Washington, DC (0.7 kWh m−3) or Denver (0.5 kWh m−3). Tucson’s GHG emissions per person were about six times higher compared to Denver and four times higher compared to Washington, DC. Wastewater treatment facilities in Denver and Washington, DC generated a quarter to third of their electricity needs from onsite biogas and lowered their GHG emissions by offsetting purchases from the grid, including coal-generated electricity. The higher GHG emission intensity in Tucson is a reflection of coal majority in the electricity mix in the period, gradually replaced with natural gas, solar, and biogas. In 2018, the GHG reduction was 20% when the share of solar electricity increased to 14% from zero in 2016. In the analysis period, reduced wastewater volumes relative to the 2010 baseline saved Denver 44 000 MWh, Washington, DC 11 000 MWh and Tucson 7000 MWh of electricity. As a result, Washington, DC managed to forgo 21 000 metric tons of CO2-eq and Denver 34 000 metric tons, while Tucson’s cumulative emissions increased by 22 000 metric tons of CO2-eq. This study highlights the variability observed in water systems and the opportunities that exist with water savings to allow for wastewater generation reduction, recovering energy from onsite biogas, and using energy-efficient wastewater treatment technologies.
Building new phase of IPM in Indonesia
Authors: Wiyono S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A milestone on plant protection in Indonesia was marked by establishment of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) since 1986 through Presidential decree Inpres no. 3 th. 1986. Moreover, IPM was implemented and has made a fundamental change in plant protection institution, farmer’s capacity and agricultural practices, and consequently rice pest’s problems. Furthermore, IPM was also implemented in horticulture and estate crops. During 33 years-historical journey of IPM, socio-political situation, global environmental problems and issues, science and technology has dynamically changed which affect IPM implementation. The paper categorized IPM development in Indonesia into three phases; emergence-growth, stationary and survival, and new phase of IPM. Every period has specific characteristics on: pest problems, science and technology, national and global environmental issues, human resources, role of plant protection institutions and mode of dissemination. A new phase of IPM is needed to make a strong and resilience plant protection system, therefore able to face and manage more complex problems plant pests, diseases under change of climate in the coming years, to secure food and agricultural productivity and sustainability. New phase of IPM absolutely need farmers field school, and enrichment of technology and approach including agro-ecology and landscape approach, biotechnology, information technology (IT), remote sensing and biosensor technology.
Insecticidal activity of nanoemulsion of Piper aduncum extract against cabbage head cartepillar Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Erlina L H , Lina E C , Reflinaldon  , Djamaan A , Arneti  
Published: April 2020

AbstractBotanical insecticide nanoemulsion formulation is an insecticide with spontaneous emulsion system. Nanoemulsion formulation is an oil phase-in-water dispersion stabilized by a surfactant molecule which has size ranging from 50 nm to 500 nm. The oil phase consists ofPiper aduncumextracts and bioethanol, while the water phase consists of aqudest and emulsifiers. The experiment was conducted in Insect Bioecology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas Padang from October 2018 to March 2019. The purpose of this research was to obtain nanoemulsion fromP. aduncumextract and to observe the activity ofP. aduncumnanoemulsion againstC. pavonana. Nanoemulsion formulation was prepared using spontaneous emulsification method then followed by toxicity test againstC. pavonanalarvae. Nanoemulsion formulations with high insecticidal activity were analyzed using Zetasizer Nano (ZS) Malvern for particle size and zeta potential. The results showed that particle size of AT.1 and BA.1 nanoemulsions were 141.1 nm and 172.5 nm respectively, and they were categorized as nano particles. AT.1 and BA.1 nanoemulsions caused mortality ofC. pavonanalarvae with LC95 value were 0.85% and 0.76%, respectively. Besides the toxic effect, the AT.1 and BA.1 nanoemulsions were also interfered growth and development ofC. pavonanalarvae.
Effect of cattle integration on the diversity of predatory Reduviidae in oil palm plantation, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Nazilah H , Sahari B , Prabowo R. , Buchori D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cattle grazing activity in oil palm plantation is known to cause the loss of non-crop vegetation and may affect species richness and abundance of predatory insect. The objective of this research was to study the effect of regeneration time after grazing on species richness, abundance, and species composition of predatory insects in oil palm-cattle integrated plantation. Predatory insects were collected from 3 grazed blocks and 3 ungrazed blocks of oil palm plantation. The observations were conducted at 4 periods i.e. 1 day before cattle grazing activity, 30 d after grazing, 60 d after grazing, and 90 d after grazing. The result of this research showed that regeneration time after cattle grazing activity does not affect species richness but caused a decrease in abundance and changes in species composition of Reduviidae at 30 d after grazing. The most dominant morphospecies are Cosmolestes sp. and Reduviidae sp. 4. Recovery of understorey vegetation after 90 d provide a stable ecosystem for Reduviidae recolonization.
Bacillus thuringiensis propagated in bio-urine media as a biological control of termite Coptotermes curvignathus and armyworm Spodoptera litura
Authors: Pujiastuti Y , Gunawan B , Arsi  , Suparman  , Sulistyani D P , Sandi  
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiological control using entomopathogenic bacteriaBacillus thuringiensisis in increasing demand because of its specific target toxicity, safe for natural enemies as well as pollinating insects. Propagation media forB. thuringiensisgreatly determines the success of spores number produced and toxicity level to insect pests. This study aimed to record the spore density of indigenous isolates of South Sumatera propagated in bio-urine and 5% molasses media and their toxicity level against termitesCoptotermes curvignathusand armywormSpodoptera litura. The research was conducted at Biological Control Laboratory, Plant Protection Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, UNSRI, from March to June 2019. The study was designed with Factorial Completely Randomized Design, using isolates as many as 3 isolates with 3 media treatments (bio-urine, bio-urine + 5% molasses, and Nutrient Broth) and 5 replications. The bio-assay used worker caste termites and 3rdinstar armyworms. The results showed that a mixture of bio-urine and 5% molasses produced higher number of spores compared to bio-urine media only. The use of NB as a control showed higher spore production compared to the 2 other treatments. The mortality rate of Coptotermes termite was higher than the mortality rate of armyworms. Death symptoms of insect pests were indicated by the presence of wet rot and color change (blackish).
The potency of carica (Carica pubescens Lenne & K. Koch) seed extract as repellent agent against mosquito vector of dengue (Aedes aegypti Linn.)
Authors: Anggraeni T , Laela N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The spread of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in some countries around the world is related to the presence of its primary vector, Aedes aegypti. Prevention is generally carried out with the use of chemical insecticides but due to its negative impact, research in bio-insecticides needs to be done. One is in the form of mosquito repellent. This study aimed to determine the percentage repellency from carica (Carica pubescens) seed extract from the value of ED50 and ED99 as a repellent against Ae. aegypti and to identify the content of the compounds by using GC-MS analysis. Carica seed was collected from Dieng Plateu, Wonosobo District, Indonesia. Carica seed extract was made using maceration method with methanol solvents. The doses of extract given to the volunteer’s arm were 0.3, 1, 1.67, 2.33, and 3 mg/cm2, according to the standard set by WHO. Data were processed using IBM SPSS 23 application with a 95% confidence value. The result showed that carica seed extracts have percentage repellency with 48 ± 0.24, 51 ± 0.34%, 60 ± 0.16%, 68 ± 0.21%, respectively, from the smallest dose given. Statistically, there were no significant differences between all doses tested. Carica seed extract had an ED50 value of 5.241 mg/cm2 and ED99 value of 99.042 mg/cm2. The GC-MS test results showed that carica seed extract predominantly contained oleic acid and palmitic acid which were suspected to act as repellent agents against Ae. aegypti, and some other important compounds.
The usage of bacteria Streptococcus mutans as rat’s incisors fragility agent
Authors: Adliyah E , Priyambodo S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Rat incisors keep growing along with their life since there is no hole at the base of the incisor. The elongation of rat incisors can be controlled by rodent through gnawing activity. It may lead to several disadvantages, such as crop and furniture damages and even transmit some diseases to human. Rat teeth are also strong, therefore it can destroy hard objects. This research aimed to test bacteria Streptococcus mutans as rat’s incisor fragility agent. S. mutans suspensions were made into 4 different concentrations: control, 3x104, 3x106 and 3x108 cfu/mL. Each concentration was applied to the rats for 4 and 8 d, consecutively. The variables observed in this test were the hardness of the rat incisors and feed consumption. The result showed that the hardness of rat incisors and grain consumption were decreasing in all concentrations. The treatment indicated that the longer the bacteria infected rat incisors, the more fragile the incisors were. It affected their grain consumption as it was decreasing until 59.42% while their pellet consumption was increasing.
Effectiveness of pheromone traps for monitoring Zeuzera sp. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) population on Eucalyptus pellita plantation
Authors: Suheri M , Haneda N F , Jung Y H , Sukeno S , Moon H K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Zeuzera sp. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) is a group of moths which the larvae is drilling holes into the stems and branches of tree. This study was conducted to record the population dynamic of Zeuzera sp. and to control the pest in Eucalyptus pellita plantation. The first damage of Zeuzera sp. was detected in 2017 at the E. pellita plantation block 4 (1 clone) owned by PT Korintiga Hutani in Central Kalimantan. It was found in 2 clones of block 5 in 2018, as well as in 3 clones of block 6 in 2019, and the tendency of the damage appeared widespread. The damage caused the broken top crown, swolen stem, and frass around the bottom part of the plant. Primary observation showed that there were several species of Zeuzera. The pest control was carried out by installing of delta trap + pheromone of Zeuzera pyrina. This pheromone trap was installed in 40 severely damaged locations. Each location had 1 trap installed. The results of monitoring with delta trap + pheromone showed that only 1 species of Zeuzera was found to be attracted by the pheromone. The density of captured adult varied depended on the clones and time of installation. The number of adult captured in May to July 2019 was 911. In conclusion, Zeuzera sp. damage in E. pellita plantation was gradually increased, and integrated pest management (silviculture, mechanical, biological, chemical) was required to prevent the damage.
Screening and characterization of molecular markers for sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) resistance to shoot borer pest
Authors: Aristya G R , Masyhuri H , Kasiamdari R S , Prabowo H , Husna N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is one of the main crops in Indonesia and is known as a sugar-producing plant. Sugar belongs to one of the 9 essential culinary ingredients in Indonesia. With the high demand for sugar the government in 2017 imported 109,147 tons of sugar or equivalent to IDR 823.8 billion to fulfill the demand. Efforts to increase sugarcane productivity are often constrained by complex pests that attack sugarcane shoots. One way to overcome it is to breed plant varieties that are resistant and of good quality. The purposes of the present study were to screen sugarcane shoot borer resistance gene using the molecular marker SacMPI-Like 3, to determine the phylogenetic relationship between MPI in sugarcane with other species in the family Andropogenae, and to determine the most effective molecular markers for detecting MPI. The primer was designed by using Primer3 Plus. DNA samples of 22 sugarcane varieties derived from the Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Biology Faculty of Gadjah Mada University were PCR-amplified using 3 selected primer designs. Results showed that all of the 22 samples of sugarcane DNA contained SacMPI-Like 3 ranged from 500 to 600 bp. Some of the samples were sequenced to obtain the arrangement of nucleotide bases for comparison with samples from the NCBI GeneBank. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that 3 large clusters were formed depended on the presence of MPI. The first cluster consisted of SacMPI1_PS_58, SacMPI1_PS_951, SacMPI2_PS_384, SacMPI2_PS_951, SacMPI3_PS_851, SacMPI3_PS_951, CA282462.1_SHC (Saccharum officinarum L.), XR002447315.1_ SB, XR002447314.1_SB (Sorghum bicolor), XR003227569.1 PH, XR003227568.1_PH (Panicum hallii) EU972719.1_ZM, NM001158424.2_ZM, EU960955.1_ZM, and EU951995.1_ZM (Zea mays). The second cluster consisted of XM024458314.1_BD (Brachypodium distachyon), CT827984.1_OZ, and XM026021872.1_OZ (Oryza sativa).
First record of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Indonesia and its occurence in three provinces
Authors: Sartiami D , Dadang  , Harahap IS , Kusumah YM , Anwar R 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe occurrence of a new invasive pest species of corn, the fall armywormsSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Indonesia is reported. Survey in 3 provinces in Indonesia: West Sumatera, Banten and West Java were conducted from March to June 2019. The first record of this pest was in 26 March 2019 in West Sumatera. Larvae were collected from each of those locations and field symptoms of damage on corn in the field were observed. Larvae were brought to and reared individually in Insect Biosystematics Laboratory of Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. Identification of fall armyworm employed morphological and molecular analysis. Identification of the larva based on morphological characters of larvae from 3 provinces confirmed the identity of the pest. The pest as fall armyworms, while the molecular analysis indicated that Banten samples belonged to the ‘rice strain’. Collected larvae from Banten were infected byMetarhizium rileyi. The infested plants in the field showed the typical damage symptoms caused by the fall armyworm.
Incidence of Soybean mosaic virus on soybean in Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Taufik M , Bande L O S , Hasan A , Rahayu M , Yusuf D N , Wulan R D R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
There are several mosaic diseases commonly found on soybeans in Indonesia, including Southeast Sulawesi, which are thought to be caused by viruses. Mosaic disease caused by Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is considered as important disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of mosaic diseases, to detect SMV and to identify potential insect vectors. Field survey were conducted in several soybean production areas including Konawe, South Konawe and Kolaka. Virus detection was carried out by serological techniques using DAS-ELISA. Based on symptom observation, mosaic disease was found in all locations with incidence ranged from 38.46 to 64.00%. Variation of mosaic symptoms were recorded, involving yellow mosaic, mosaic with vein clearing, leaf cupping, curling, thickening and some chlorosis. According to DAS-ELISA, only 2.92 to 8.00% of field samples gave positive reaction to SMV antibody. This result indicated that other viruses might be associated with mosaic disease. Common virus insects vectors were found in the field, namely Aphis gossypii, Empoasca paraterminalis, and Bemisia tabaci.
Identification of the main virus infecting impatiens (Impatiens balsamina L.)
Authors: Diningsih E , Yanda R P , Soehendi R , Marwoto B 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
One of the most important obstacles of growing ornamental plants, such as impatiens is disease infections, including those caused by viruses. Identification of viruses infecting impatiens was carried out in the IOCRI Virology laboratory using serological techniques and RT-PCR. Infected plants showed different symptoms involving mosaic, mottle, malformation, and wrinkles (frizz) on the leaves. The results of serological test using 5 antisera, i.e. Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) on leaf samples showed negative reaction. Bioassay tests carried out using 5 different symptomatic viral inoculums showed that only 2 inoculums (no.1 and 3), i.e. those with mosaic symptoms was successfully transmitted by mechanical inoculation to Chenopodium quinoa. Virus confirmation from infected C. quinoa was carried out by RT-PCR using specific primer for INSV, TSWV, and CMV. Amplification of viral DNA target was obtained only using specific primer for CMV. Therefore, we concluded that the causal agent of mosaic symptom found on impatiens plants in Cianjur is CMV.