bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal shoes improve stability and mobility in persons with a history of falls
Authors: Cudejko Tomasz , Gardiner James , Akpan Asangaedem , D’Août Kristiaan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPostural and walking instabilities contribute to falls in older adults. Given that shoes affect human locomotor stability and that visual, cognitive and somatosensory systems deteriorate during aging, we aimed to: (1) compare the effects of footwear type on stability and mobility in persons with a history of falls, and (2) determine whether the effect of footwear type on stability is altered by the absence of visual input or by an additional cognitive load. Thirty participants performed standing and walking trials in three footwear conditions, i.e. conventional shoes, minimal shoes, and barefoot. The outcomes were: (1) postural stability (movement of the center of pressure during eyes open/closed), (2) walking stability (Margin of Stability during normal/dual-task walking), (3) mobility (the Timed Up and Go test and the Star Excursion Balance test), and (4) perceptions of the shoes (Monitor Orthopaedic Shoes questionnaire). Participants were more stable during standing and walking in minimal shoes than in conventional shoes, independent of visual or walking condition. Minimal shoes were more beneficial for mobility than conventional shoes and barefoot. This study supports the need for longitudinal studies investigating whether minimal footwear is more beneficial for fall prevention in older people than conventional footwear.
Rho-GTPase pathways may differentiate treatment response to TNF-alpha and IL-17A inhibitors in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Rahmati Sara , O’Rielly Darren D. , Li Quan , Codner Dianne , Dohey Amanda , Jenkins Kari , Jurisica Igor , Gladman Dafna D. , Chandran Vinod , Rahman Proton 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBiological therapies have dramatically improved the therapeutic landscape of psoriatic arthritis (PsA); however, 40–50% of patients are primary non-responders with response rates declining significantly with each successive biological therapy. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop a coherent strategy for effective initial and subsequent selection of biologic agents. We interrogated 40 PsA patients initiating either tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) or interleukin-17A inhibitors (17Ai) for active PsA. Patients achieving low disease activity according to the Disease Activity Index for PsA (DAPSA) at 3 months were classified as responders. Baseline and 3-month CD4+transcript profiling were performed, and novel signaling pathways were identified using a multi-omics profiling and integrative computational analysis approach. Using transcriptomic data at initiation of therapy, we identified over 100 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that differentiated IL-17Ai response from non-response and TNFi response from non-response. Integration of cell-type-specific DEGs with protein–protein interactions and further comprehensive pathway enrichment analysis revealed several pathways. Rho GTPase signaling pathway exhibited a strong signal specific to IL-17Ai response and the genes,RAC1andROCKs, are supported by results from prior research. Our detailed network and pathway analyses have identified the rewiring of Rho GTPase pathways as potential markers of response to IL17Ai but not TNFi. These results need further verification.
High-frequency sound components of high-resolution audio are not detected in auditory sensory memory
Authors: Nittono Hiroshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh-resolution digital audio is believed to produce a better listening experience than the standard quality audio, such as compact disks (CDs) and digital versatile disks (DVDs). One common belief is that high-resolution digital audio is superior due to the higher frequency (> 22 kHz) of its sound components, a characteristic unique to this audio. This study examined whether sounds with high-frequency components were processed differently from similar sounds without these components in the auditory cortex. Mismatch negativity (MMN), an electrocortical index of auditory deviance detection in sensory memory, was recorded in young adults with normal hearing (N = 38) using two types of white noise bursts: original sound and digitally filtered sound from which high-frequency components were removed. The two sounds did not produce any MMN response and could not be discriminated behaviourally. In conclusion, even if high-resolution audio is superior to the standard format, the difference is apparently not detectable at the cortical level.
Discrimination between human and animal blood by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Mistek-Morabito Ewelina , Lednev Igor K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractForensic chemistry is an important area of analytical chemistry. This field has been rapidly growing over the last several decades. Confirmation of the human origins of bloodstains is important in practical forensics. Current serological blood tests are destructive and often provide false positive results. Here, we report on the development of a nondestructive method that could potentially be applied at the scene for differentiation of human and animal blood using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform-infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy and statistical analysis. The following species were used to build statistical models for binary human–animal blood differentiation: cat, dog, rabbit, horse, cow, pig, opossum, and raccoon. Three other species (deer, elk, and ferret) were used for external validation. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) was used for classification purposes and showed excellent performance in internal cross-validation (CV). The method was externally validated first using blood samples from new donors of species used in the training data set, and second using donors of new species that were not used to construct the model. Both validations showed excellent results demonstrating potential of the developed approach for nondestructive, rapid, and statistically confident discrimination between human and animal blood for forensic purposes.
Cardiometabolic Syndrome: An Update on Available Mouse Models
Authors: Aravani Dimitra , Kassi Eva , Chatzigeorgiou Antonios , Vakrou Styliani 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCardiometabolic syndrome (CMS), a disease entity characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance (IR), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, is a global epidemic with approximately 25% prevalence in adults globally. CMS is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and development of diabetes. Due to its multifactorial etiology, the development of several animal models to simulate CMS has contributed significantly to the elucidation of the disease pathophysiology and the design of therapies. In this review we aimed to present the most common mouse models used in the research of CMS. We found that CMS can be induced either by genetic manipulation, leading to dyslipidemia, lipodystrophy, obesity and IR, or obesity and hypertension, or by administration of specific diets and drugs. In the last decade, the ob/ob and db/db mice were the most common obesity and IR models, whereas Ldlr−/− and Apoe−/− were widely used to induce hyperlipidemia. These mice have been used either as a single transgenic or combined with a different background with or without diet treatment. High-fat diet with modifications is the preferred protocol, generally leading to increased body weight, hyperlipidemia, and IR. A plethora of genetically engineered mouse models, diets, drugs, or synthetic compounds that are available have advanced the understanding of CMS. However, each researcher should carefully select the most appropriate model and validate its consistency. It is important to consider the differences between strains of the same animal species, different animals, and most importantly differences to human when translating results.
Emotional labour, social intelligence, and narcissism among physicians in Jordan
Authors: Alsawalqa Rula Odeh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough many studies have investigated relationships between emotional labour and emotional intelligence among hospital staff, few have paid attention to social intelligence in this field. This study explored the relationships between emotional labour, social intelligence, and narcissism among physicians in governmental hospitals in Jordan. The goal was to improve the understanding of the causes of patients abusing physicians in Jordan. Some patients have maintained that physicians are responsible for hostile behaviour against them, as these resulted from medical errors, physician negligence, and a failure to provide adequate care, exacerbated by physician narcissism, lack of empathy, verbal miscommunication, and lack of sympathy in critical cases. Findings confirmed that whenever physicians engage in strategies of emotional labour, they display higher social intelligence and lower levels of narcissism. Moreover, social intelligence does not mediate the relationship between emotional labour and narcissism. The results of the study suggest that interventions by the Jordan Medical Association to reduce physical and verbal assaults on physicians should encompass more than a mere legal focus.
A data-driven approach to identify risk profiles and protective drugs in COVID-19
Authors: Cippà Pietro E. , Cugnata Federica , Ferrari Paolo , Brombin Chiara , Ruinelli Lorenzo , Bianchi Giorgia , Beria Nicola , Schulz Lukas , Bernasconi Enos , Merlani Paolo , Ceschi Alessandro , Di Serio Clelia 
Published: December 2020

Significance
The global outbreak of COVID-19 infections generated an unprecedented need to develop novel therapeutic strategies. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters host cells after binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), but whether renin−angiotensin−aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) are beneficial remains controversial. Standard statistical approaches may fail in assessing medications effects, due to multiple sources of bias in COVID-19 case series collected on an emergency basis. We present a data-driven approach to tackle these challenges. Multilayer risk stratifications were derived for assessing drugs effect, while Bayesian networks were estimated, to analyze dependencies among risk factors’ and treatments’ impact on survival. We provide strong evidence for protectivity of RAASi on hospitalized patients that call for randomized controlled trials of RAASi as COVID-19 treatment option.
Theoretical analysis of thermal boundary conductance of MoS2-SiO2 and WS2-SiO2 interface
Authors: Ong Zhun-Yong , Cai Yongqing , Zhang Gang , Zhang Yong-Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Understanding the physical processes involved in interfacial heat transfer is critical for the interpretation of thermometric measurements and the optimization of heat dissipation in nanoelectronic devices that are based on transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors. We model the phononic and electronic contributions to the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) variability for the MoS2-SiO2 and WS2-SiO2 interface. A phenomenological theory to model diffuse phonon transport at disordered interfaces is introduced and yields G = 13.5 and 12.4 MW K−1 m−2 at 300 K for the MoS2-SiO2 and WS2-SiO2 interface, respectively. We compare its predictions to those of the coherent phonon model and find that the former fits the MoS2-SiO2 data from experiments and simulations significantly better. Our analysis suggests that heat dissipation at the TMD-SiO2 interface is dominated by phonons scattered diffusely by the rough interface although the electronic TBC contribution can be significant even at low electron densities (n ≤ 1012 cm−2) and may explain some of the variation in the experimental TBC data from the literature. The physical insights from our study can be useful for the development of thermally aware designs in TMD-based nanoelectronics.
Stacking-tailoring quasiparticle energies and interlayer excitons in bilayer Janus MoSSe
Authors: Zhang Xin , Pang Rongtian , Hou Xinrui , Wang Shudong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Stacking sequence of bilayer van der Waals transition metal dichalcogenides determines their electronic and related optical excitations. When the Janus monolayer structure has been taken to construct bilayer TMDs, it would introduce another degree of freedom, the out-of-plane intrinsic dipole moment, to tune the electronic and optical properties. Here we reveal that the electronic band structures and interlayer excitons can be dramatically tuned via the stacking sequence of the bilayer MoSSe with the different intrinsic dipole orientations. Moreover, the lowest energy interlayer excitons exhibit diverse spatial extensions, and the corresponding radiative lifetimes can be tailored within the range of ∼10−8 to ∼10−2 seconds at room temperature, by means of optimizing the dipole orientation and stacking sequence, and when the dipole moment keeps the same orientation for the constituent layer, it will slower the radiative recombination. Our findings shed a light on the applications of the interlayer excitons in Janus MoSSe on optoelectronics.
Control power of quantum channels is not multiplicative
Authors: Wang Tie-jun , Ghose Shohini 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We construct a family of parallel channels for controlled quantum communication, and show that the control power of a quantum channel can become larger when it is combined with a zero control power channel. As a consequence, we demonstrate for the first time that control power is non-multiplicative. In contrast to previous results which indicated that increasing control power requires the consumption of channel capacity or the consumption of additional non-local three-qudit entangled resources, in our construction the quantum capacity of the tensor product of two channels remain unchanged and it does not consume non-local three-qudit entangled resources. We show that this lossless channel capacity method is quite generically applicable: every channel can be embedded into our construction, and control power is increased whenever the given channel configuration matches the effect of local operations. Our protocol not only provides a feasible method for achieving higher control power for information transmission with less entangled resources, but also provides new understanding of the resource theory of quantum channels.
Microtearing modes as the source of magnetic fluctuations in the JET pedestal
Authors: Hatch D.R. , Kotschenreuther M. , Mahajan S.M. , Pueschel M.J. , Michoski C. , Merlo G. , Hassan E. , Field A.R. , Frassinetti L. , Giroud C. , Hillesheim J.C. , Maggi C.F. , Perez von Thun C. , Roach C.M. , Saarelma S. , Jarema D. , Jenko F. , Contributors JET 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We report on a detailed study of magnetic fluctuations in the JET pedestal, employing basic theoretical considerations, gyrokinetic simulations, and experimental fluctuation data to establish the physical basis for their origin, role, and distinctive characteristics. We demonstrate quantitative agreement between gyrokinetic simulations of microtearing modes (MTMs) and two magnetic frequency bands with corresponding toroidal mode numbers n = 4 and 8. Such disparate fluctuation scales, with substantial gaps between toroidal mode numbers, are commonly observed in pedestal fluctuations. Here we provide a clear explanation, namely the alignment of the relevant rational surfaces (and not others) with the peak in the ω
* profile, which is localized in the steep gradient region of the pedestal. We demonstrate that a global treatment is required to capture this effect. Nonlinear simulations suggest that the MTM fluctuations produce experimentally-relevant transport levels and saturate by relaxing the background electron temperature gradient, slightly downshifting the fluctuation frequencies from the linear predictions. Scans in collisionality are compared with a simple MTM dispersion relation. At the experimental points considered, MTM growth rates can either increase or decrease with collision frequency depending on the parameters thus defying any simple characterization of collisionality dependence.
Model-based real-time surface heat flux and temperature estimation for the DIII-D tokamak
Authors: Anand H. , Eldon D. , Humphreys D. , Lasnier C. , Stangeby P. , Barr J. , Sammuli B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A control-oriented model for monitoring of wall power flux densities on the DIII-D tokamak has been successfully implemented and validated experimentally. Future reactors will have to withstand severe steady state high heat flux loads on plasma-facing components (PFCs). Due to the difficulty of directly-measuring local heat fluxes on these components, monitoring and protection of PFCs during the plasma discharge can benefit from simplified physics-based real-time functional models to estimate and guide heat load control. As a first step into the development, a control-oriented model for monitoring of wall power flux densities and temperatures on DIII-D tokamak has been successfully implemented. The paper discusses the experimental demonstration and comparison of the 2D model-based wall heat flux algorithm on the DIII-D inner wall limiter (IWL) against infra-red (IR) camera heat flux measurements for limited plasma configurations. The paper also reports on the benchmarking of the field line tracing environment, SMITER, developed at ITER organization on DIII-D tokamak against experimental IR diagnostic data and the derivation of the component shaping weighting factors for the 2D model-based approach. Extension of the model-based approach for surface temperature estimation on the DIII-D IWL is also presented.
Dielectric constant of plasma rotating in crossed electric and magnetic fields
Authors: Borisevich V D , Bubyakin G B , Potanin E P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
One-dimensional plasma motion is calculated in the crossed radial electric and axial magnetic fields in the non-stationary case. A physical model of the penetration of a radial electric field into plasma is proposed. The dependence of the azimuthal plasma velocity on time is determined. The concept of a non-stationary dielectric constant of plasma is introduced.
Inversion of boron isotope effect during chemical exchange in extraction systems
Authors: Ivanov P I , Khoroshilov A V , Pyanin D V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the processes of boron isotopic exchange in liquid-liquid systems using boric acid as the main working substance, the lighter boron isotope is concentrating in the organic phase, which takes place both in the case of phase exchange (tributyl phosphate, TBP) and at the chemical (trioctylamine, TOA) isotope exchange. That is, boron-10, as a rule, predominantly passes into the organic phase. In contrast to the previously observed effects, our studies for several extraction systems using secondary amines (diethyl, dipropyl, and dibutylamine as the organic phase) demonstrated the inversion of the boron isotope effect when a more light isotope 10B is concentrated in the aqueous phase. At the same time, the level of the values of the single stage separation factor of boron isotopes turned out to be quite high and amounted to 1.020 - 1.028. The paper discusses the possible causes of the discovered phenomenon, and also considers the potential for practical application of such an effect.
Waves in gas centrifuges: a review
Authors: Bogovalov S.V. , Kislov V.A. , Tronin I.V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Waves in gas centrifuges are generated by scoops for withdrawal of the gas. The physics of the waves and their role in the gas dynamics are under discussion. Strong centrifugal and Coriolis forces have dramatic impact on the properties and dispersion relation of the waves. The conventional sound, vertex and entropy waves split into 3 families with different dispersion. The entropy wave has zero velocity of propagation but variation of temperature in this wave is accompanied by toroidal motion. Pressure is not perturbed. The rest two families of the waves have nonzero velocities of propagation. Upper family has frequency above doubled frequency of rotation of the rotor with exceptional case of the wave (named acoustic wave) propagating exactly in the axial direction. This wave propagates with the conventional sound velocity and is polarized only in the axial direction. Unique property of this wave is the weakest damping due to the molecular viscosity and heat conductivity. All other waves are damped on distances compared with their wavelength. At the conventional parameters of the IGUASU centrifuge the acoustic waves are damped predominantly due to the viscous interaction and heat exchange with the wall of the rotor. This wave is able to propagate on the distance of ≤ 1 m. Numerical experiments show that the waves can affect the axial circulation and gas content in the centrifuge and produce phenomena of resonances. Possible impact of the waves on the process of separation of the isotopes is also under discussion.
Air conditioning system based on membrane gas separation technology
Authors: Tishin A A , Gurkin V N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Air quality has a significant impact on both health and human performance and productivity. In the urban environment, where there are such polluting factors as road transport, industrial enterprises and dense buildings, air quality issues are most acute. One of the most promising methods of air purification, currently, is the method of membrane gas separation. Installations based on membrane technology have the following advantages: compact and light weight, relatively low operating costs, the ability to work in a wide range of gas pressure, ease of installation and maintenance, quick start and stop, as well as a long service life. In this paper, we consider an air conditioning system based on membrane technology that can control the following parameters of indoor air: oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations. The system operation was modeled and the efficiency of using the membrane method for removing carbon dioxide generated during human activity from the premises was shown.
Analysis of the variation of the physical properties of a mortar with replacement of cement by recycled glass
Authors: Gallardo Amaya R J , Martínez Ovallos C A , Coronel Rojas J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recycled glass, due to its high content of silica, can show some pozzolanic activity when it has a small enough particle size, this represents an alternative for the manufacture of mortars, as a partial substitute for portland cement, with which it is possible to reduce the waste of this material that can take up to 4000 years to degrade. This work studies the behavior of mortar mixtures with the addition of silica from recycled glass, and its impact on the values of fluidity, fineness, and density. The methodology was managed according to the factor analysis for the experimental design, finding two factors such as the curing time of the samples and the percentage of replacement of cement by the recycled glass, establishing percentages of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. The results obtained indicate a decrease in density up to 5.34%, additionally, the melt index was reduced to 13.65%, and the specific surface of the processed waste reached a value of 41.43% lower than the of cement. These results indicate that the project represents a viable alternative for the reincorporation of recycled materials to the production cycle, also contributing to the reduction of the impact generated by the construction industry, seeking new alternatives in the use of alternative materials.