bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OFM-recirculation and OFM-suction: advanced in-vivo open flow microperfusion (OFM) methods for direct and absolute quantification of albumin in interstitial fluid
Authors: Hummer Joanna , Schwingenschuh Simon , Raml Reingard , Boulgaropoulos Beate , Schwagerle Gerd , Augustin Thomas , Sinner Frank , Birngruber Thomas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: To implement OFM-recirculation and OFM-suction capable of direct and absolute in-vivo quantification of albumin in the ISF of pigs. Approach: OFM-recirculation and OFM-suction were used to collect ISF in-vivo in pigs and lymph was collected from the same pigs after OFM sampling. Blood was collected before and after OFM sampling, plasma was isolated and mean albumin plasma concentrations per pig were used to yield albumin ISF-to-plasma ratios. We characterized the quality of the collected undiluted ISF via (1) stable albumin ISF-to-plasma ratio in OFM-recirculation and in OFM-suction samples, (2) comparison of albumin ISF-to-plasma ratios from OFM-recirculation and OFM-suction and (3) comparison of normalized albumin concentrations in the ISF and lymph. Main results: Both advanced OFM methods were successfully implemented and albumin was quantified from the collected ISF samples. OFM-recirculation reached stable albumin ISF-to-plasma ratios after 20 recirculation cycles. Absolute ISF albumin concentrations were 11.2 mg ml−1 (OFM-recirculation) and 14.2 mg ml−1 (OFM-suction). Albumin ISF-to-plasma ratios were 0.39 ± 0.04 (OFM -recirculation) and 0.47 ± 0.1 (OFM-suction). Significance: Knowledge of the ISF protein content is of major importance when assessing PK/PD effects, especially of highly protein bound drugs. Up to now, only blood albumin values have been available to determine the degree of protein binding in several tissues. OFM-recirculation and OFM-suction allow direct, absolute quantification of albumin in ISF for the first time and enable investigation of the degree of protein binding of a drug directly in its target tissue.
The interacting effects of storm surge intensification and sea-level rise on coastal resiliency: a high-resolution turbulence resolving case study
Authors: Cheikh Mohamad Ibrahim , Momen Mostafa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Climate change and global warming will increase the risk of coastal floods and storm surges, which can highly jeopardize communities and infrastructures along shorelines. There are two main drivers for this increase: surge amplification, which is caused by the projected hurricane intensification, and global sea-level rise (SLR). Although both factors can simultaneously affect storm surges, current knowledge on their interacting effects on the resiliency of coastal infrastructure is limited. To address this knowledge gap, we investigate the impacts of multiple storm surge scenarios on vehicles and buildings by varying wave heights, periods, and sea levels under current mitigation strategies. These surges are highly turbulent due to their high speed and wave-wave/bathymetry interactions. Large-scale numerical simulations with low-resolution (∼1–5 km) and depth-integrated models that do not resolve turbulence cannot assess the thorough impacts of these storm surges on infrastructures accurately. Hence, we employ a high-resolution numerical approach that is capable of resolving turbulent eddies down to ∼3 cm and capturing fluid-structure interactions. The distribution of hydrodynamic loads is found to vary nonlinearly in all directions with surge amplification and can significantly exceed calculations from classical theories that neglect turbulence. Two approaches from previous experiments are employed in a novel way to evaluate the resiliency of vehicles and infrastructure during storm surges. Our results indicate that vehicle mobility on the considered road will be imperiled by moderate surges (4 m wave height), and the elevated building will fail by surge intensification (8 m waves). We found that some storm-surge wave heights that are relatively safe now (e.g., 2 m waves for vehicles and 6 m for the building) will become hazardous in the future with an SLR. Therefore, road and building safety regulations should account for the interacting effects of hurricane intensification and SLR when devising mitigation strategies.
In operando x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of H2 oxidation and H2O electrolysis on gadolinia-doped ceria electrodes
Authors: Wang Lei , Yu Yi , Gaskell Karen J , Crumlin Ethan J , Liu Zhi , Eichhorn Bryan W , Jackson Gregory S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In operando, ambient-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) has been used to evaluate surface states of gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) thin-film electrodes during H2 oxidation and H2O electrolysis, on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-supported solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOCs). Porous nickel (Ni) and gold (Au) overlayers deposited on separate GDC thin films served as current collectors and potential electrocatalysts to facilitate heterogeneous chemistry for H2 oxidation or H2O electrolysis. Electrochemical characterization of the GDC thin-film electrodes complemented in operando XPS measurements of the O 1s spectra to correlate electrochemical overpotentials with surface chemistry near the Ni/GDC and Au/GDC interfaces. Shifts in O 1s binding energies across the metal/GDC/YSZ interfaces signified changes of local surface potential and provided a means of estimating kinetic parameters associated with charge transfer reactions. Effective oxygen partial pressure and surface potential impacted oxide vacancy and ceria polaron concentrations in the GDC, resulting in different reactivities of the GDC under the tested conditions. Both the Ni/GDC and Au/GDC demonstrated much higher currents for H2O electrolysis vs. H2 oxidation for comparable metal/GDC overpotentials due to increased electronic conductivity of the GDC under positive potentials and associated spreading of the electrochemically active region away from the triple-phase boundary. Higher electrochemical activity of the Ni/GDC electrode is attributed to the increased H2 activation on Ni in promoting charge transfer reactions (particularly for H2 oxidation). These results provide a basis for developing more informed reaction mechanisms for both H2 oxidation and H2O electrolysis of GDC-based composite electrodes in SOCs.
Electro-analytical comparison of commercial mono-crystalline silicon and PERC solar cells to maximize performance
Authors: Tripathi Brijesh , Mahapatra Apurba , Verma Deepak , Kalam Abul , Pandey Manoj Kumar , Trivedi Suverna , Kumar Manoj 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this article detailed electro-analytical comparison of the commercial mono-crystalline silicon and passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) solar cells has been presented that can help in device optimization during manufacturing process. This study indicates fundamental differences between these two technologies in terms of the series resistance, shunt resistance and junction quality including ideality factor and doping concentration. Impedance spectroscopic analysis revealed a value of series resistance of 1 Ω for both the devices with no substantial difference, which suggest that employed metal contacts and base layer conductivity in both the solar cells have comparable electrical characteristics. The shunt resistance of 190 Ω cm2 and 98 Ω cm2 have been obtained for PERC and reference solar cells. The ideality factors of 1.9 and 2.2 have been obtained for PERC and reference solar cells, which indicate a better junction quality in PERC solar cells. From Mott-Schottky analysis a value of 0.65 V built-in potential has been obtained for both the solar cells. A doping density of 2.31 × 1016 cm−3 and 4.494 × 1016 cm−3 has been obtained for reference and PERC solar cells. This study intends to provide a basis for development of better optimization strategies to improve the performance of solar cells.
The paradoxical in vivo activity of β-lactams against metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales is not restricted to carbapenems
Authors: Abdelraouf Kamilia , Reyes Sergio , Nicolau David P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Using murine models of infection, we previously reported the potent in vivo activity of carbapenems against MBL-producing Enterobacterales despite the observed resistance in vitro. In the current study, we examined the in vivo activity of a cefepime human-simulated regimen against MBL-producing Enterobacterales in a murine thigh infection model.

Methods
A population of clinical isolates and isogenic engineered MBL-producing Enterobacterales transformants expressing MBLs but no detectable cefepime-hydrolysing serine β-lactamases were utilized. KPC-producing isolates were included as positive controls. Cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem MICs were determined using broth microdilution in conventional CAMHB and EDTA-supplemented (zinc-limited) broth. In vivo efficacy of a cefepime human-simulated regimen (2 g q8h as a 2 h infusion) was determined in the neutropenic murine thigh infection model against the test strains. Efficacy was measured as the change in log10 cfu/thigh at 24 h compared with 0 h controls.

Results
MBL-producing Enterobacterales strains were found to be cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem non-susceptible in conventional broth. Supplementation with EDTA at a concentration of 300 mg/L resulted in multi-fold reduction in the MICs and restoration of susceptibility. In accordance with the MICs generated in zinc-limited broth, administration of a cefepime human-simulated regimen was associated with substantial bacterial reductions among mice infected with MBL-producing Enterobacterales. Absence of MIC reduction in zinc-limited broth and lack of efficacy among mice infected with KPC-producing isolates were observed.

Conclusions
For MBL-producing Enterobacterales, susceptibility testing with Mueller–Hinton broth, a zinc-rich testing medium, is flawed since it does not recapitulate the host environment, in which zinc concentrations are low.
RNF219 interacts with CCR4–NOT in regulating stem cell differentiation
Authors: Du Hao , Chen Chen , Wang Yan , Yang Yang , Che Zhuanzhuan , Liu Xiaoxu , Meng Siyan , Guo Chenghao , Xu Manman , Fang Haitong , Wang Fengchao , Lin Chengqi , Luo Zhuojuan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Regulation of RNA stability plays a crucial role in gene expression control. Deadenylation is the initial rate-limiting step for the majority of RNA decay events. Here, we show that RING finger protein 219 (RNF219) interacts with the CCR4–NOT deadenylase complex. RNF219–CCR4–NOT exhibits deadenylation activity in vitro. RNA-seq analyses identify some of the 2-cell-specific genes and the neuronal genes significantly downregulated upon RNF219 knockdown, while upregulated after depletion of the CCR4–NOT subunit CNOT10 in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. RNF219 depletion leads to impaired neuronal lineage commitment during ES cell differentiation. Our study suggests that RNF219 is a novel interacting partner of CCR4–NOT and required for maintenance of ES cell pluripotency.
Measuring the fine structure constant on a white dwarf surface; a detailed analysis of Fe V absorption in G191-B2B
Authors: Hu J , Webb J K , Ayres T R , Bainbridge M B , Barrow J D , Barstow M A , Berengut J C , Carswell R F , Dumont V , Dzuba V , Flambaum V V , Lee C C , Reindl N , Preval S P , Tchang-Brillet W-Ü L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The gravitational potential φ = GM/Rc2 at the surface of the white dwarf G191-B2B is 10,000 times stronger than that at the Earth’s surface. Numerous photospheric absorption features are detected, making this a suitable environment to test theories in which the fundamental constants depend on gravity. We have measured the fine structure constant, α, at the white dwarf surface, used a newly calibrated Hubble Space Telescope STIS spectrum of G191-B2B, two new independent sets of laboratory Fe V wavelengths, and new atomic calculations of the sensitivity parameters that quantify Fe V wavelength dependency on α. The two results obtained are: Δα/α0 = (6.36 ± 0.35stat ± 1.84sys) × 10−5 and Δα/α0 = (4.21 ± 0.48stat ± 2.25sys) × 10−5. The measurements hint that the fine structure constant increases slightly in the presence of strong gravitational fields. A comprehensive search for systematic errors is summarised, including possible effects from line misidentifications, line blending, stratification of the white dwarf atmosphere, the quadratic Zeeman effect and electric field effects, photospheric velocity flows, long-range wavelength distortions in the HST spectrum, and variations in the relative Fe isotopic abundances. None fully account for the observed deviation but the systematic uncertainties are heavily dominated by laboratory wavelength measurement precision.
Searching for the radio remnants of short-duration gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Ricci R , Troja E , Bruni G , Matsumoto T , Piro L , O’Connor B , Piran T , Navaieelavasani N , Corsi A , Giacomazzo B , Wieringa M H 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Neutron star mergers produce a substantial amount of fast-moving ejecta, expanding outwardly for years after the merger. The interaction of these ejecta with the surrounding medium may produce a weak isotropic radio remnant, detectable in relatively nearby events. We use late-time radio observations of short duration gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) to constrain this model. Two samples of events were studied: four sGRBs that are possibly in the local (&lt;200 Mpc) Universe were selected to constrain the remnant non-thermal emission from the sub-relativistic ejecta, whereas 17 sGRBs at cosmological distances were used to constrain the presence of a proto-magnetar central engine, possibly re-energizing the merger ejecta. We consider the case of GRB 170817A/GW170817 and find that in this case the early radio emission may be quenched by the jet blast-wave. In all cases, for ejecta mass range of ${M}_{\rm {ej}}\lesssim 10^{-2}\, (5\times 10^{-2})\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$, we can rule out very energetic merger ejecta ${E}_{\rm {ej}}\gtrsim 5\times 10^{52}\, (10^{53})\, \rm erg$, thus excluding the presence of a powerful magnetar as a merger remnant.
The most common habitable planets – II. Salty oceans in low-mass habitable planets and global climate evolution
Authors: Pinotti R , Porto de Mello G F 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Global climate evolution models for habitable Earth-like planets do not consider the effect of ocean salinity on land ice formation through the hydrological cycle. We consider two categories of such planets: planets with deep oceans, but intrinsically high salinities due to the weaker salt removal process by hydrothermal vents; and planets with shallow oceans, where the increase in salt content and decrease in ocean area during the onset of glaciation cause a negative feedback, helping delay the spread of land ice. We developed a toy climate model of a habitable planet on the verge of an ice age, using a range of initial salt concentrations. Planets with deep oceans and high salinity show considerable increase in the time necessary to fill arctic land with ice sheets, up to 23 per cent considering the maximum salinity range. For planets with shallow oceans, the effect of intrinsic high salinity is reinforced by the negative feedback, counteracting positive feedbacks like the ice–albedo and Croll–Milankovitch perturbations, to the point of effectively terminating land ice sheet growth rate during the simulated time-scale. We also apply this model to the putative ocean of early Mars, finding intermediate results: salinity probably did not play a role in the evolution of Mars´ climate, considering the time-scale of its ice ages. We conclude that this phenomenon is essentially an abiotic self-regulation mechanism against ice ages and should be regarded in the context of habitable planets smaller and drier than the Earth, which may well represent the bulk of habitable planets.
On the deceleration of Fanaroff-Riley Class I jets: mass loading of magnetized jets by stellar winds.
Authors: Anglés-Castillo Andreu , Perucho Manel , Martí José María , Laing Robert A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper we present steady-state RMHD simulations that include a mass-load term to study the process of jet deceleration. The mass-load mimics the injection of a proton-electron plasma from stellar winds within the host galaxy into initially pair plasma jets, with mean stellar mass-losses ranging from 10−14 to 10−9 M⊙ yr−1. The spatial jet evolution covers ∼500 pc from jet injection in the grid at 10 pc from the jet nozzle. Our simulations use a relativistic gas equation of state and a pressure profile for the ambient medium. We compare these simulations with previous dynamical simulations of relativistic, non-magnetised jets. Our results show that toroidal magnetic fields can prevent fast jet expansion and the subsequent embedding of further stars via magnetic tension. In this sense, magnetic fields avoid a runaway deceleration process. Furthermore, when the mass-load is large enough to increase the jet density and produce fast, differential jet expansion, the conversion of magnetic energy flux into kinetic energy flux (i.e., magnetic acceleration), helps to delay the deceleration process with respect to non-magnetised jets. We conclude that the typical stellar population in elliptical galaxies cannot explain jet deceleration in classical FRI radio galaxies. However, we observe a significant change in the jet composition, thermodynamical parameters and energy dissipation along its evolution, even for moderate values of the mass-load.
Aberrant Perceptual Judgments on Speech-Relevant Acoustic Features in Hallucination-Prone Individuals
Authors: Erb Julia , Kreitewolf Jens , Pinheiro Ana P , Obleser Jonas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Hallucinations constitute an intriguing model of how percepts are generated and how perception can fail. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that an altered perceptual weighting of the spectro-temporal modulations that characterize speech contributes to the emergence of auditory verbal hallucinations. Healthy human adults (N = 168) varying in their predisposition to hallucinations had to choose the “more speech-like” of two presented ambiguous sound textures and give a confidence judgment. Using psychophysical reverse correlation, we quantified the contribution of different acoustic features to a listener’s perceptual decisions. Higher hallucination proneness covaried with perceptual down-weighting of speech-typical, low-frequency acoustic energy and prioritizing of high frequencies. Remarkably, higher confidence judgments in single trials depended not only on acoustic evidence but also on an individual’s hallucination proneness and schizotypy score. In line with an account of altered perceptual priors and differential weighting of sensory evidence, these results show that hallucination-prone individuals exhibit qualitative and quantitative changes in their perception of the modulations typical for speech.
CE: Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Nurse's Role
Authors: Dunlap Jayne Jennings , Filipek Pauline A. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the most common and fastest-growing developmental disability in the United States, affecting approximately one in 54 children nationwide. Early intervention for ASD produces the best outcomes—and developmental surveillance and screening are prerequisites to intervention. Although screening has been strongly recommended for two decades, the majority of U.S. children are not screened for ASD. Here, the authors discuss ASD epidemiology, screening, and diagnosis, as well as appropriate early actions nurses can take when ASD is suspected.
Preliminary Evidence for the Fibromyalgia Integrative Training Program (FIT Teens) Improving Strength and Movement Biomechanics in Juvenile Fibromyalgia
Authors: Black William R. , DiCesare Christopher A. , Thomas Staci , Pfeiffer Megan , Williams Sara E. , Kitchen Katie , Ting Tracy V. , Myer Gregory D. , Kashikar-Zuck Susmita 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
Current therapies for juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM), such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), improve pain coping but are less effective for pain reduction or engagement in physical activity. The Fibromyalgia Integrative Training for Teens (FIT Teens) program combines CBT with specialized neuromuscular exercise training for adolescents with JFM. The current investigation examined the effects of FIT Teens versus CBT on secondary outcomes of strength and functional biomechanics, utilizing 3D Motion capture technology. This study aimed to explore improvements in strength and biomechanics in both a CBT-only group and the FIT Teens intervention.

Materials and Methods:
Forty adolescents with JFM (12 to 18 y) were randomized to an 8-week, group-based protocol of either FIT Teens or CBT only. Assessments occurred pretreatment and posttreatment. Hip and knee strength were assessed with dynamometry, dynamic postural stability was measured using the Star Excursion Balance Test, and movement biomechanics were assessed with 3D motion analyses during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) task.

Results:
The FIT Teens group exhibited improvements in hip abduction strength and greater external hip rotation during the DVJ task. Some differences between the FIT Teens and CBT groups were observed in peak hip internal moment in the transverse plane. Decreased hip adduction during the DVJ was also observed in the FIT Teens group.

Discussion:
Results suggest that the FIT Teens program shows promise in improving hip abduction strength and body biomechanics, indicating improvements in stability during functional movements. These improvements may facilitate ability to initiate and maintain regular physical activity in youth with widespread musculoskeletal pain.
Electrical Stun Gun and Modern Implantable Cardiac Stimulators: Update for a New Stun Gun Model
Authors: Mattei Eugenio , Censi Federica , Calcagnini Giovanni 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In 2017, the Italian National Institute of Health conducted a study to evaluate the potential risks of Conducted Electrical Weapons (CEW, AKA “stun guns”) for users bearing a pacemaker (PM) or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The study addressed two specific models of stun guns: the TASER model X2 and AXON model X26P. In 2019, the same experimental protocol and testing procedure was adopted to evaluate the risk for another model of stun gun, the MAGEN model 5 (MAGEN, Israel). The MAGEN 5 differs from the previous stun guns tested in terms of peak voltage generated, duration of the shock, and trigger modality for repeated shocks. This note is an update of the previous study results, including the measurements on the MAGEN 5 stun gun. Despite the differences between the stun gun models, the effects on the PM/ICD behavior were the same as previously observed for the TASER stun guns.