bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historicizing the Transpacific Settler Colonial Condition: Asian–Indigenous Relations in Shawn Wong’sHomebaseand Viet Thanh Nguyen’sThe Sympathizer
Authors: Gandhi Evyn Lê Espiritu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article introduces the concept of a transpacific settler colonial condition, a term which captures the interconnected nature of Indigenous struggles against settler colonialism across the Americas, Asia, and the Pacific Islands, given shared histories of American empire and military violence. In order to historicize the transpacific settler colonial condition's coarticulation with Asian American political subjectivity, ever since the Asian American Movement of the Long Sixties, this article turns to two works of Asian American historical fiction: Shawn Wong's Homebase (1979), one of the first self-identified works of Asian American literature, and Viet Thanh Nguyen's The Sympathizer (2015), a contemporary best-selling novel. Both texts call attention to the interconnected nature of Indigenous sovereignty struggles across the continental United States, Guam, and Vietnam and grapple with the vexed positionality of Asian American subjects who at times uphold transpacific settler colonialism and at other times resist it. The article ends with a call for transpacific decolonization via a feminist refugee epistemology.
Intrinsicality and Entanglement
Authors: Wilhelm Isaac 
Published: November 2020

AbstractI explore the relationship between a prominent analysis of intrinsic properties, due to Langton and Lewis, and the phenomenon of quantum entanglement. As I argue, the analysis faces a puzzle. The full analysis classifies certain properties of entangled particles as intrinsic. But when combined with an extremely plausible assumption about duplication, the main part of the analysis classifies those properties as non-intrinsic instead. I conclude that much of Lewis’s metaphysics is in trouble: Lewis based many of his metaphysical views—his thesis of Humean supervenience, for instance, and his account of recombination—on an analysis of intrinsicality which does not sit well with quantum phenomena.
On the evolution of a binary system with arbitrarily misaligned orbital and stellar angular momenta due to quasi-stationary tides
Authors: Ivanov P B , Papaloizou J C B 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We consider the evolution of a binary system interacting due to tidal effects without restriction on the orientation of the orbital, and where significant, spin angular momenta, and orbital eccentricity. We work in the low tidal forcing frequency regime in the equilibrium tide approximation. Internal degrees of freedom are fully taken into account for one component, the primary. In the case of the companion the spin angular momentum is assumed small enough to be neglected but internal energy dissipation is allowed for as this can be significant for orbital circularization in the case of planetary companions. We obtain a set of equations governing the evolution of the orbit resulting from tidal effects. These depend on the masses and radii of the binary components, the form and orientation of the orbit, and for each involved component, the spin rate, the Coriolis force, the normalized rate of energy dissipation associated with the equilibrium tide due to radiative processes and viscosity, and the classical apsidal motion constant, k2. These depend on stellar parameters with no need of additional assumptions or a phenomenological approach as has been invoked in the past. They can be used to determine the evolution of systems with initial significant misalignment of spin and orbital angular momenta as hypothesized for systems containing Hot Jupiters. The inclusion of the Coriolis force may lead to evolution of the inclination between orbital and spin angular momenta and precession of the orbital plane which may have observational consequences.
Dynamic role of dust in formation of molecular clouds
Authors: Zhuravlev V V 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Dust is the usual minor component of the interstellar medium. Its dynamic role in the contraction of the diffuse gas into molecular clouds is commonly assumed to be negligible because of the small mass fraction, f ≃ 0.01. However, as shown in this study, the collective motion of dust grains with respect to the gas may considerably contribute to the destabilization of the medium on scales λ ≲ λJ, where λJ is the Jeans length-scale. The linear perturbations of the uniform self-gravitating gas at rest are marginally stable at λ ≃ λJ, but as soon as the drift of grains is taken into account, they begin growing at a rate approximately equal to $(f \tau)^{1/3} t^{-1}_{\mathrm{ ff}}$, where τ is the stopping time of grains expressed in units of the free-fall time of the cloud, tff. The physical mechanism responsible for such a weak dependence of the growth rate on f is the resonance of heavy sound waves stopped by the self-gravity of gas with weak gravitational attraction caused by perturbations of the dust fraction. Once there is stationary subsonic bulk drift of the dust, the growing gas–dust perturbations at λ &lt; λJ become waves propagating with the drift velocity projected on to the wavevector. Their growth has a resonant nature as well and the growth rate is substantially larger than that of the recently discovered resonant instability of gas–dust mixture in the absence of self-gravity. The new instabilities can facilitate gravitational contraction of cold interstellar gas into clouds and additionally produce dusty domains of sub-Jeans size at different stages of molecular cloud formation and evolution.
Visibility of black hole shadows in low-luminosity AGN
Authors: Bronzwaer Thomas , Davelaar Jordy , Younsi Ziri , Mościbrodzka Monika , Olivares Héctor , Mizuno Yosuke , Vos Jesse , Falcke Heino 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Accreting black holes tend to display a characteristic dark central region called the black hole shadow, which depends only on space–time/observer geometry and which conveys information about the black hole’s mass and spin. Conversely, the observed central brightness depression, or image shadow, additionally depends on the morphology of the emission region. In this paper, we investigate the astrophysical requirements for observing a meaningful black hole shadow in GRMHD-based models of accreting black holes. In particular, we identify two processes by which the image shadow can differ from the black hole shadow: evacuation of the innermost region of the accretion flow, which can render the image shadow larger than the black hole shadow, and obscuration of the black hole shadow by optically thick regions of the accretion flow, which can render the image shadow smaller than the black hole shadow, or eliminate it altogether. We investigate in which models the image shadows of our models match their corresponding black hole shadows, and in which models the two deviate from each other. We find that, given a compact and optically thin emission region, our models allow for measurement of the black hole shadow size to an accuracy of 5 per cent. We show that these conditions are generally met for all MAD simulations we considered, as well as some of the SANE simulations.
A massive blow for ΛCDM – the high redshift, mass, and collision velocity of the interacting galaxy cluster El Gordo contradicts concordance cosmology
Authors: Asencio Elena , Banik Indranil , Kroupa Pavel 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
El Gordo (ACT-CL J0102-4915) is an extremely massive galaxy cluster (M200 ≈ 3 × 1015 M⊙) at redshift z = 0.87 composed of two subclusters with a mass ratio of 3.6 merging at speed Vinfall ≈ 2500 km s−1. Such a fast collision between individually rare massive clusters is unexpected in Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology at such high z. However, this is required for non-cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of the merger to match its observed properties. Here, we determine the probability of finding a similar object in a ΛCDM context using the Jubilee simulation box with a side length of $6 \, h^{-1}$ Gpc. We search for galaxy cluster pairs that have turned around from the cosmic expansion with properties similar to El Gordo in terms of total mass, mass ratio, redshift, and collision velocity relative to virial velocity. We fit the distribution of pair total mass quite accurately, with the fits used in two methods to infer the probability of observing El Gordo in the surveyed region. The more conservative (and detailed) method involves considering the expected distribution of pairwise mass and redshift for analogue pairs with similar dimensionless parameters to El Gordo in the past light-cone of a z = 0 observer. Detecting one pair with its mass and redshift rules out ΛCDM cosmology at 6.16σ. We also use the results of Kraljic and Sarkar to show that the Bullet Cluster is in 2.78σ tension once the sky coverage of its discovery survey is accounted for. Using a χ2 approach, the combined tension can be estimated as 6.43σ. Both collisions arise naturally in a Milgromian dynamics (MOND) cosmology with light sterile neutrinos.
RefSeq: expanding the Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline reach with protein family model curation
Authors: Li Wenjun , O’Neill Kathleen R , Haft Daniel H , DiCuccio Michael , Chetvernin Vyacheslav , Badretdin Azat , Coulouris George , Chitsaz Farideh , Derbyshire Myra K , Durkin A Scott , Gonzales Noreen R , Gwadz Marc , Lanczycki Christopher J , Song James S , Thanki Narmada , Wang Jiyao , Yamashita Roxanne A , Yang Mingzhang , Zheng Chanjuan , Marchler-Bauer Aron , Thibaud-Nissen Françoise 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Reference Sequence (RefSeq) project at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) contains nearly 200 000 bacterial and archaeal genomes and 150 million proteins with up-to-date annotation. Changes in the Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP) since 2018 have resulted in a substantial reduction in spurious annotation. The hierarchical collection of protein family models (PFMs) used by PGAP as evidence for structural and functional annotation was expanded to over 35 000 protein profile hidden Markov models (HMMs), 12 300 BlastRules and 36 000 curated CDD architectures. As a result, &gt;122 million or 79% of RefSeq proteins are now named based on a match to a curated PFM. Gene symbols, Enzyme Commission numbers or supporting publication attributes are available on over 40% of the PFMs and are inherited by the proteins and features they name, facilitating multi-genome analyses and connections to the literature. In adherence with the principles of FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable), the PFMs are available in the Protein Family Models Entrez database to any user. Finally, the reference and representative genome set, a taxonomically diverse subset of RefSeq prokaryotic genomes, is now recalculated regularly and available for download and homology searches with BLAST. RefSeq is found at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/.
Increasing incidence and improved survival in ANCA-associated vasculitis—a Danish nationwide study
Authors: Nelveg-Kristensen Karl Emil , Szpirt Wladimir , Carlson Nicholas , McClure Mark , Jayne David , Dieperink Hans , Gregersen Jon Waarst , Krarup Elizabeth , Ivarsen Per , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Egfjord Martin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality, with outcomes modified by treatment and an incidence that may be increasing. We examined temporal changes in incidence and mortality during 2000–15 using nationwide healthcare registries.

Methods
Patients with incident AAV were identified using International Classification of Diseases Version 10 (ICD10) codes and grouped according to inclusion year (Period 1: 2000–04, Period 2: 2005–09, Period 3: 2010–15). Log link cumulative incidence regression adjusted for age, sex, renal function, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension and advanced disease severity were used to model survival.

Results
We identified 1631 patients (52% male), corresponding to an incidence of 18.5 persons/million/year (Period 1: 15.1, Period 2: 18.5, Period 3: 21.4). The slope of incident serologic ANCA testing was steeper than that of AAV (P = 0.002). Mean [standard deviation (SD)] age was 60.2 (16.7) years and mean (SD) follow-up was 6.8 (4.7) years. A total of 571 (35%) patients died (5-year mortality of 22.1%), with an absolute risk ratio (ARR) for Periods 2 and 3 compared with Period 1 of 0.80 [confidence interval (CI) 0.65–0.98, P = 0.031] and 0.39 (CI 0.31–0.50, P &lt; 0.001). About 274 patients developed end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [16.8% (Period 1: 23.3%, Period 2: 17.6%, Period 3: 12.5%)], with ARR decreasing over time: Period 2 0.61 (CI 0.42–0.87, P = 0.007) and Period 3 0.57 (CI 0.39–0.83, P = 0.003). The overall risk of death associated with ESRD or chronic kidney disease was 1.74 (CI 1.29–2.37, P &lt; 0.001) and 1.58 (CI 1.21–2.07, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Incidence of ANCA testing and AAV diagnosis increased over the test period. Falls over time in mortality and ESRD risk may relate to earlier diagnosis and changes in treatment practice.
Bar Atmospherics and Smoking: A Qualitative Analysis of New Zealand Young Adult Smokers
Authors: Brillinger Julia , Marsh Louise , Hoek Janet 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Smoking among young adults is often associated with social contexts and alcohol use. Although many countries, including New Zealand, have prohibited smoking inside licensed premises, outdoor areas have enabled smoking and alcohol co-use to persist. We examined whether and how outdoor bar areas facilitate and normalize young adult smoking and explored potential policy implications.

Methods
We conducted in-depth interviews with 22 young adults who had recently smoked in a New Zealand bar or nightclub and investigated how physical design attributes (atmospherics) influenced experiences of smoking in outside bar settings. We used qualitative description to identify recurring accounts of the outdoor bar environment and thematic analysis to explore how participants experienced the bar in relation to smoking.

Results
Participants valued outdoor smoking areas that were comfortable and relaxing, and saw attributes such as seating, tables, heating, protection from inclement weather, and minimal crowding, as important. We identified four themes; these explained how participants used smoking to gain respite and make social connections, showed how bar settings enabled them to manage smoking’s stigma, and identified potential policy measures that would decouple smoking and alcohol co-use.

Conclusions
Evidence bar environments facilitate and normalize smoking among young adults questions whether smokefree policies should be expanded to include all bar areas. Introducing more comprehensive smokefree outdoor policies could reduce the influence of design attributes that foster smoking while also reframing smoking as outside normal social practice.

Implications
Bar environments contain many stimuli that cue and reinforce smoking and integrate smoking into social experiences. Expanding smokefree bar settings to include outdoor areas would reduce exposure to these stimuli, decrease opportunities for casual smoking, help maintain young people’s smokefree status, and support longer-term goals of sustained reductions in smoking prevalence.
Early-onset neonatal sepsis: Organism patterns between 2009 and 2014
Authors: Sgro Michael , Campbell Douglas M , Mellor Kaitlyn L , Hollamby Kathleen , Bodani Jaya , Shah Prakesh S 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate trends in organisms causing early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Congruent with recent reports, we hypothesized there would be an increase in EONS caused by Escherichia coli.Study DesignNational data on infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units from 2009 to 2014 were compared to previously reported data from 2003 to 2008. We report 430 cases of EONS from 2009 to 2014. Bivariate analyses were used to analyze the distribution of causative organisms over time and differences by gestational age. Linear regression was used to estimate trends in causative organisms.ResultsSince 2003, there has been a trend of increasing numbers of cases caused by E coli (P&lt;0.01). The predominant organism was E coli in preterm infants and Group B Streptococcus in term infants.ConclusionsWith the majority of EONS cases now caused by E coli, our findings emphasize the importance of continued surveillance of causative organism patterns and developing approaches to reduce cases caused by E coli.
Health trajectories of children with severe obesity attending a weight management program
Authors: Buchholz Annick , Howard Andrea L , Baldwin Katherine , Hammond Nicole G , Mohipp Charmaine , Rutherford Jane , Kazoun Fatima , Clark Laurie , Adamo Kristi , Goldfield Gary , Hadjiyannakis Stasia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Purpose
The objective of the present study is to examine physical and mental health trajectories of change in youth with severe obesity attending a tertiary care weight management program. It was predicted that younger children would show favourable changes in body mass index (BMI), markers of cardiovascular health, quality of life, and mental health.

Methods
This 2-year longitudinal study examined health trajectories of children referred to a weight management program at a Canadian paediatric tertiary care centre from November 2010 to December 2013. Participants were 209 of 217 consecutive referred paediatric patients (families) aged 3 to 17 years who met criteria for severe obesity and consented to participate. To maximize generalizability of results, there were no exclusion criteria. Primary outcomes were children’s quality of life and BMI. Secondary outcomes included anxiety, depression, and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

Results
The findings suggest an improvement in mental health, quality of life, and cardiometabolic health of children and adolescents of all ages over the 2 years of programming. These positive findings were consistent across gender, age, and distance to the program. BMI trajectory changes varied across age cohorts such that younger children showed more favourable outcomes. The retention rate over the 2 years was high at 82.9%.

Conclusions
This is the first study to show improvements in both physical and mental health outcomes beyond 1 year in a tertiary care setting with a high-risk population of children and youth with severe obesity. Findings highlight the need to examine both mental and physical health outcomes beyond 1 year.
Massive subcutaneous hematoma of the anterior abdominal wall at the heparin injection site following anterior lumbar interbody fusion: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Ouyang Hanqiang , Jiang Liang , Lam Khai Sing 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Various vascular complications of anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) have been reported in the orthopedic literature. However, a subcutaneous hematoma is an unexpected complication, especially following minimally invasive ALIF.

Patient Concerns:
We report a very rare case of a heparin-induced subcutaneous hematoma in a 25-year-old man who underwent a revision L5/S1 ALIF followed by a computer-assisted posterior pedicle screw fixation.

Diagnosis:
Massive subcutaneous hematoma of the anterior abdominal wall was diagnosed.

Interventions:
The patient presented with a massive, tense and severely painful lump at the subcutaneous heparin injection site affecting the left anterior abdominal wall on the fifth postoperative day. An urgent computer tomography angiography scan revealed a massive abdominal wall hematoma arising from one of the left deep inferior epigastric artery perforators. The patient was taken back to the operating theater for an evacuation of the hematoma and subsequently recovered without any further complications.

Outcomes:
The patient was discharged without complication on the postoperative sixth day.

Conclusion:
This is the first documented case of a massive subcutaneous hematoma of the abdominal wall following a minimally invasive ALIF procedure. This report adds to the body of evidence on the risk of postoperative bleeding in patients following ALIF surgery. Also, spine surgeons need to be aware that subcutaneous injury to the abdominal wall deep inferior epigastric artery perforators at the site of the heparin injection can rarely occur. Therefore heparin injection sites remote from the anterior abdominal wall must be considered especially following ALIF surgery.
An infectious diseases perspective on the microbiome and allogeneic stem cell transplant
Authors: Smibert Olivia C. , Trubiano Jason A. , Slavin Monica A. , Kwong Jason C. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose of review
The gut microbiome presents a novel source of diagnostic and therapeutic potential to modify post allogeneic stem cell transplant complications. There is an explosion of interest in microbiome research, mostly in the form of single-centre prospective time-series cohorts utilizing a variety of sampling frequencies and metagenomic technologies to sequence the microbiome. The purpose of this review is to summarize important recent publications and contextualize them within what has already been described in this rapidly growing field.

Recent finding
Results from observational human cohort and animal transplant models add to the growing body of evidence that the microbiome modulates the immunopathogenesis of posttransplant complications. This is particularly the case for recipients of grafts replete with T cells where the evidence that acute graft-versus-host disease is mediated by anaerobic commensal-associated short-chain fatty acids, which interact with mucosa-associated (CD4+FOXP3+) T-regulatory cells.

Summary
Future human research into the role of the microbiome in allogeneic stem transplant should incorporate rigorous and considered experimental design in addition to next-generation sequencing technology to better portray microbiome functional potential and active gene expression. In combination with host immune phenotyping, which would facilitate a robust understanding of the host--microbiome interaction that is required before meaningful translation into clinical diagnostics and therapeutics can be expected.
Association of Mass Gatherings and COVID-19 Hospitalization
Authors: Miron Oren , Yu Kun-Hsing , Wilf-Miron Rachel , Davidovitch Nadav 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe examined COVID-19 hospitalizations following mass gatherings in Wisconsin and Minnesota, United States (September 17-18, 2020). We found that the hospitalization rate increased 15-fold in the Minnesota gathering county, and 12.7-fold in the Wisconsin gathering county. On the state level, it increased 2-fold in Minnesota, and 2.3-fold in Wisconsin, while not increasing significantly in states without gatherings. Our findings suggest that mass gatherings are followed by increased COVID-19 hospitalizations, and that precautions should be taken.