bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MORN domain of Junctophilin2 regulates functional interactions with small‐conductance Ca2+‐activated potassium channel subtype2 (SK2)
Authors: Luo Tianxia , Li Liren , Peng Yanghao , Xie Rongrong , Yan Ningning , Fan Hongkun , Zhang Qian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSmall‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channel subtype2 (SK2) are stable macromolecular complexes that regulate myocardial excitability and Ca2+ homeostasis. Junctophilin‐2 (JP2) is a membrane‐binding protein, which provides functional crosstalk by physically linking with the cell‐surface and intracellular ion channels. We previously demonstrated that the MORN domain of JP2 interacts with SK2 channels. However, the roles of the JP2 MORN domain in regulating the precise subcellular localization and molecular modulation of SK2 have not yet been incompletely understood. In the present study, in vitro and in vivo assays were used to confirm the physical interactions between the SK2 channel and JP2 in H9c2 and HEK293 cells, with a concentration on the association between the C‐terminus of SK2 channels and the MORN domain of JP2. Furthermore, the membrane expression of SK2 were found to be significantly impaired by the mutation or knockdown of JP2. Using immunofluorescence staining along with Golgi/early endosome markers, we studied the mechanisms of JP2‐regulated SK2 membrane trafficking, which indicates that the JP2 MORN domain is probably necessary for the retrograde trafficking of SK2 channels. The functional study demonstrates that whole cell SK2 current densities recorded from the HEK293 cells co‐expressing the JP2‐MORN domain with SK2 were significantly augmented, compared with cells expressing SK2 alone. Our findings suggest that the MORN domain of JP2 directly modulates SK2 channel current amplitude and trafficking, through its interaction with an overlapping region of the JP2 MORN domain on the SK2 C‐terminus.
Modeling essential connections in obsessive–compulsive disorder patients using functional MRI
Authors: Xing Xiaodan , Jin Lili , Li Qingfeng , Yang Qiong , Han Hongying , Xu Chuanyong , Wei Zhen , Zhan Yiqiang , Zhou Xiang Sean , Xue Zhong , Chu Xu , Peng Ziwen , Shi Feng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disease in which people experience uncontrollable and repetitive thoughts or behaviors. Clinical diagnosis of OCD is achieved by using neuropsychological assessment metrics, which are often subjectively affected by psychologists and patients. In this study, we propose a classification model for OCD diagnosis using functional MR images.MethodsUsing functional connectivity (FC) matrices calculated from brain region of interest (ROI) pairs, a novel Riemann Kernel principal component analysis (PCA) model is employed for feature extraction, which preserves the topological information in the FC matrices. Hierarchical features are then fed into an ensemble classifier based on the XGBoost algorithm. Finally, decisive features extracted during classification are used to investigate the brain FC variations between patients with OCD and healthy controls.ResultsThe proposed algorithm yielded a classification accuracy of 91.8%. Additionally, the well‐known cortico–striatal–thalamic–cortical (CSTC) circuit and cerebellum were found as highly related regions with OCD. To further analyze the cerebellar‐related function in OCD, we demarcated cerebellum into three subregions according to their anatomical and functional property. Using these three functional cerebellum regions as seeds for brain connectivity computation, statistical results showed that patients with OCD have decreased posterior cerebellar connections.ConclusionsThis study provides a new and efficient method to characterize patients with OCD using resting‐state functional MRI. We also provide a new perspective to analyze disease‐related features. Despite of CSTC circuit, our model‐driven feature analysis reported cerebellum as an OCD‐related region. This paper may provide novel insight to the understanding of genetic etiology of OCD.
Rationally Design of Near Infrared Light Responsive Micro‐Photoelectrodes for In Vivo Sensing of Neurotransmitter Molecules in Mouse Brain†
Authors: Zhao Yina , Wu Wenlong , Fu Baihe , Gan Liyong , Zhang Zhonghai 
Published: January 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionThe accurate quantification of neurotransmitter molecules is an indispensable means to reveal the physiological mechanisms of neuro movement in molecular level. However, existing detection strategies cannot fully meet practical needs, and the on‐site and in vivo detection of neurotransmitters in brain remains a great challenge. Here, we report the development of a near infrared light responsive photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection method for in vivo quantification of neurotransmitter dopamine in mouse brain. Under guidance of density function theory calculations, a combination strategy of non‐metal cation doping and defect engineering is introduced to rationally design the micro‐photoelectrodes with excellent biocompatibility and stability and implements the in vivo PEC detection of dopamine in mouse brain. It opens up a new way for the accurate in vivo detection of biomolecules and allows researchers to make novel inquiries for long‐standing questions in a new way.
A Biotemplating Route for the Synthesis of Hierarchical Fe2O3 with Highly Dispersed Carbon as Electron‐Transfer Channel
Authors: Yang Zhao , Kang Jianxin , Li Lidong , Guo Lin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough the preparation of carbon composites has made great progress, the construction of systems comprising uniformly dispersed carbon as a framework to link active constituents still remains a challenge. Herein, a hierarchical Fe2O3/C composite was synthesized in a one‐step biotemplating route, where agarose was firstly reacted with Fe3+ and Ca2+ ions, which resulted in a competitive interaction between these ions and the hydroxy groups, then partly calcined to achieve the final product that consisted of α‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles embedded in highly dispersed carbon. The carbon within the composite acts as an efficient photoelectron transfer channel to improve conductivity during photocatalysis. The hierarchical Fe2O3/C composite exhibited a photodegradation rate constant (k) of 0.091 min−1, more than four times that of α‐Fe2O3 (0.020 min−1).
Internal mouth‐bar variability and preservation of subordinate coastal processes in low‐accommodation proximal deltaic settings (Cretaceous Dakota Group, New Mexico, USA)
Authors: van Yperen Anna E. , Poyatos‐Moré Miquel , Holbrook John M. , Midtkandal Ivar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMouth bars are the fundamental architectural elements of proximal deltaic successions. Understanding their internal architecture and complex interaction with coastal processes (fluvial, tide and wave‐dominated) is paramount to the interpretation of ancient deltaic successions. This is particularly challenging in low‐accommodation systems, because they are commonly characterized by thin, condensed and top‐truncated sections. This study analyses the exhumed Cenomanian Mesa Rica Sandstone (Dakota Group, Western Interior Seaway, USA), a fluvio‐deltaic system covering a ca 450 km depositional dip‐parallel profile. The study targets the proximal deltaic expression of the system, using 22 sedimentary logs (total of 390 m) spatially correlated within a ca 25 km2 study area at the rim of the Tucumcari Basin. Analysis of facies distributions, depositional architecture and spatial extent of stratigraphic surfaces reveals a 6–10 m thick, sharp‐based and sand‐prone deltaic package, comprising several laterally extensive (>1.4 km width) mouth bars. Composite erosional surfaces infilled with multi‐storey fluvial and marine‐influenced channel deposits (12–20 m thick, 100–250 m wide) scour locally into the deltaic package. Based on differences in sedimentary structures, bed thicknesses, occurrence of interflood beds and bioturbation indexes, four different sub‐environments within single mouth bars were distinguished. These range from mouth‐bar axis, off‐axis, fringe to distal‐fringe deposits, which reflect waning depositional energy with increasing distance from the distributary channel mouth. The interpreted mouth‐bar components also show internal variability in dominant process regime, with overall river dominance but local preservation of tide influence in the fringe and distal fringe components. Mouth‐bar deposits amalgamate to form an extensive sand‐rich sheet body throughout the study area, in which interflood mudstone to very‐fine grained sandstone beds are nearly absent. These features reflect successive coalescence of mouth bars in a low accommodation/supply (A/S) setting. These conditions promoted recurrent channel avulsion/bifurcation and thus the potential reworking of previously deposited mouth‐bar fringe and distal‐fringe sediments, where time and background processes are better recorded. Results of this study evidence internal process‐regime variability within mouth‐bar components. They also caution against the possible loss of preservation of subordinate coastal processes (e.g. tidal indicators), and consequent underestimation of the true mixed influence in low‐accommodation deltaic settings.
Treatment outcomes in group‐based cognitive behavioural therapy for chronic pain: An examination of PTSD symptoms
Authors: Åkerblom Sophia , Perrin Sean , Fischer Marcelo Rivano , McCracken Lance M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe relevance of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms to outcomes of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for chronic pain is unclear. This study examines whether (a) traumatic exposure or the severity of PTSD symptoms at pre‐treatment predicts the outcomes (pain intensity/interference), (b) participation in this treatment is associated with reduced PTSD symptoms and (c) any observed changes in PTSD symptoms are mediated by changes in psychological mechanisms that have been shown to be of importance to PTSD and chronic pain.MethodsParticipants were 159 chronic pain patients who were consecutively admitted for a multidisciplinary, group‐based CBT program at the Pain Rehabilitation Unit at Skåne University Hospital. A self‐report measure of traumatic exposure and PTSD symptoms was administered before and after treatment, and at a 12‐month follow‐up, along with measures of depression, anxiety, pain intensity, pain interference, psychological inflexibility, life control and kinesiophobia.ResultsTraumatic exposure and PTSD symptom severity did not predict pain intensity or interference at 12‐month follow‐up. There were no overall significant changes in PTSD symptom severity at post‐treatment or follow‐up, but 24.6% of the participants showed potential clinically significant change at follow‐up. Psychological inflexibility mediated the changes that occurred in PTSD symptoms during treatment.ConclusionsNeither traumatic exposure nor baseline symptoms of PTSD predicted the treatment outcomes examined here. Despite improvements in both comorbid depression and anxiety, participation in this pain‐focused CBT program was not associated with improvements in comorbid PTSD. To the extent that changes in PTSD symptoms did occur, these were mediated by changes in psychological inflexibility during treatment.SignificancePain‐focused CBT programs yield clinically meaningful improvements in pain and comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety, but may have little effect on comorbid PTSD. This raises the issue of whether current pain‐focused CBT programs can be modified to improve outcomes for comorbid conditions, perhaps by better targeting of psychological flexibility, and/or whether separate treatment of PTSD may be associated with improved pain outcomes.
Varieties of populism
Authors: Devinney Timothy M. , Hartwell Christopher A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryThe recent electoral popularity of populism suggests our understanding of global and domestic institutions and their impact and relevance to international business may require adjustment. In particular, the literature may be omitting key variables as to what the political environment entails. We propose a framework for understanding the differing varieties of populism. We examine what channels populist thought operates through and how various strains of populism concentrate on different facets of society. We articulate an operational definition for international strategy based upon prior research in economics, political science, and history. This framework is incorporated into current research on institutional theory as applied in international business, with the goal of proposing a more nuanced and foundational view of institutional environments and how they impact global strategy.Managerial SummaryThe surge of populism globally—but especially in developed economies—has highlighted new perils for business strategy. Our current models of strategic thinking have not yet caught up to the reality of populism's moment, nor have they accurately captured what are increasingly important facets of a political system, such as traits of specific leaders. This paper examines the need to incorporate new perspectives on institutions into global strategy. In particular, we highlight the various varieties of populism—whether it focuses on economic, social, or political ends—and how each approach can impact a business in a different manner. In doing so, we provide some clarity and guidance for managers faced with political turbulence.
Anterior cingulate cortex differently modulates frontoparietal functional connectivity between resting‐state and working memory tasks
Authors: Di Xin , Zhang Heming , Biswal Bharat B 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe brain frontoparietal regions and the functional communications between them are critical in supporting working memory and other executive functions. The functional connectivity between frontoparietal regions are modulated by working memory loads, and are shown to be modulated by a third brain region in resting‐state. However, it is largely unknown whether the third‐region modulations remain the same during working memory tasks or were largely modulated by task demands. In the current study, we collected functional MRI (fMRI) data when the subjects were performing n‐back tasks and in resting‐state. We first used a block‐designed localizer to define the frontoparietal regions that showed higher activations in the 2‐back than the 1‐back condition. Next, we performed physiophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis using left and right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and superior parietal lobule (SPL) regions, respectively, in three continuous‐designed runs of resting‐state, 1‐back, and 2‐back conditions. No regions showed consistent modulatory interactions with the seed pairs in the three conditions. Instead, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) showed different modulatory interactions with the right MFG and SPL among the three conditions. While the increased activity of the ACC was associated with decreased functional coupling between the right MFG and SPL in resting‐state, it was associated with increased functional coupling in the 2‐back condition. The observed task modulations support the functional significance of the modulations of the ACC on frontoparietal connectivity.
Multiple mechanisms underpin cerebral and cerebellar white matter deficits in Friedreich ataxia: The IMAGE‐FRDA study
Authors: Selvadurai Louisa P. , Corben Louise A. , Delatycki Martin B. , Storey Elsdon , Egan Gary F. , Georgiou‐Karistianis Nellie , Harding Ian H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFriedreich ataxia is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with reported abnormalities in cerebellar, brainstem, and cerebral white matter. White matter structure can be measured using in vivo neuroimaging indices sensitive to different white matter features. For the first time, we examined the relative sensitivity and relationship between multiple white matter indices in Friedreich ataxia to more richly characterize disease expression and infer possible mechanisms underlying the observed white matter abnormalities. Diffusion‐tensor, magnetization transfer, and T1‐weighted structural images were acquired from 31 individuals with Friedreich ataxia and 36 controls. Six white matter indices were extracted: fractional anisotropy, diffusivity (mean, axial, radial), magnetization transfer ratio (microstructure), and volume (macrostructure). For each index, whole‐brain voxel‐wise between‐group comparisons and correlations with disease severity, onset age, and gene triplet‐repeat length were undertaken. Correlations between pairs of indices were assessed in the Friedreich ataxia cohort. Spatial similarities in the voxel‐level pattern of between‐group differences across the indices were also assessed. Microstructural abnormalities were maximal in cerebellar and brainstem regions, but evident throughout the brain, while macroscopic abnormalities were restricted to the brainstem. Poorer microstructure and reduced macrostructural volume correlated with greater disease severity and earlier onset, particularly in peri‐dentate nuclei and brainstem regions. Microstructural and macrostructural abnormalities were largely independent. Reduced fractional anisotropy was most strongly associated with axial diffusivity in cerebral tracts, and magnetization transfer in cerebellar tracts. Multiple mechanisms likely underpin white matter abnormalities in Friedreich ataxia, with differential impacts in cerebellar and cerebral pathways.
A retrospective analysis of hospital treatment expenditures among young and middle age patients with cancer, 2013–2017 under health reform
Authors: Xu Junfang , Nicholas Stephen , Wang Jian , Yang Yuxia 
Published: January 2020

SummaryUnder 60 year olds represent a rapidly growing segment of the cancer population. They often face longer hospital stays, higher treatment intensity, and hospitalization costs. In this background, we aim to assess the impact of the 2009 reforms on the hospital expenses of younger cancer inpatients. Our study sample included 11 791 young and middle age stomach, lung, colorectal, esophageal, and breast cancer inpatients hospitalized during 2013 to 2017. Hospitalization treatment costs of under 60 cancer inpatients increased, but it fell in 2017 under the impact of the health reforms. However, out‐of‐pocket expenditures rose, which partly reflected the failure of the health insurance scheme to adequately cover cancer inpatient cost, potentially imposing financial hardships on cancer inpatients and their families. To continue to reduce the economic burden of cancer patients, early screening and diagnosis among younger populations and enhanced hospice care integrated with the ongoing primary health care reform are important.
An effective dual‐factor modified 3D‐printed PCL scaffold for bone defect repair
Authors: Li Yan , Li Qian , Li Hongming , Xu Xiao , Fu Xiaoming , Pan Jijia , Wang Hui , Fuh Jerry Ying Hsi , Bai Yanjie , Wei Shicheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNumerous bioactive molecules produced in cells are involved in the process of bone formation. We consider that appropriate, simultaneous application of two types of bioactive molecules would accelerate the regeneration of tissues and organs. Therefore, we combined aspirin‐loaded liposomes (Asp@Lipo) and bone forming peptide‐1 (BFP‐1) on three dimensional‐printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold and determined whether this system improved bone regeneration outcomes. in vitro experiments indicated that Asp@Lipo/BFP‐1at a 3:7 ratio was the best option for enhancing the osteogenic efficiency of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). This was confirmed in an in vivo cranial defect animal model. In addition, RNA‐Seq was applied for preliminarily exploration of the mechanism of action of this composite scaffold system, and the results suggested that it mainly improved bone regeneration via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This approach will have potential for application in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Soil trace gas fluxes in living mulch and conventional agricultural systems
Authors: Peters Samuel J. W. , Saikawa Eri , Markewitz Daniel , Sutter Lori , Avramov Alexander , Sanders Zachary P. , Yosen Benjamin , Wakabayashi Ken , Martin Geoffrey , Andrews Joshua S. , Hill Nicholas S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRow crop agriculture is a significant source of two major greenhouse gases (GHGs) (carbon dioxide [CO2] and nitrous oxide [N2O]) and the air pollutant precursor ammonia (NH3). Fluxes of these naturally occurring trace gases are often augmented by agricultural practices, such as fertilizer application and crop systems management. A living mulch system (LMS) maintains a live cover crop year‐round and is an emerging agricultural system that can reduce pesticide and fertilizer use while maintaining yields. Multiple trace gas fluxes of GHGs and NH3 had not previously been measured together in an LMS of corn (Zea mays L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). This study compared soil gas fluxes in a white clover LMS with two other cover crop systems and a no‐cover‐crop system. Infrared and gas chromatography measurements were taken over 2 yr in northern Georgia. Mean soil CO2 and N2O fluxes (159.7 kg ha−1 d−1 and 0.027 kg N ha−1 d−1, respectively) observed in LMS plots exceeded those from other treatments. Soil temperature, moisture, potentially mineralizable nitrogen (N), and nitrate partially explained these differences. Mean soil NH3 emissions were greater in LMS (0.089 kg N ha−1 d−1) compared with no cover crop (0.038 kg N ha−1 d−1). Increased N2O and NH3 fluxes could be from release of N from decomposition of clover and from release of N into the soil as the corn shades the clover. Although LMS plots did not reduce trace gas emissions, labile carbon content was at least 100 mg kg−1 greater than other treatments after 2 yr, improving soil health.
miR‐142‐5p protects against osteoarthritis through competing with lncRNA XIST
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Wu Yunpeng , Li Xuezhou , Jia Yuhua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe relevance between abnormal microRNA expression and osteoarthritis (OA) has been elaborated in recent studies. Hence, the present study aimed to assess the impact of miR‐142‐5p on chondrocyte growth and apoptosis.MethodsTo mimic OA‐like chondrocyte damage, interleukin (IL)‐1β was used for chondrocyte treatment. The expression of miR‐142‐5p, SGTB, long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) X inactive specific transcript (XIST) and involved molecules such as Col2A1, Bcl‐2, MMP13 and Bax was determined via a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. Functional roles of miR‐142‐5p, SGTB and XIST were monitored in 5‐ethynyl‐2'‐deoxyuridine, CCK‐8 and TUNEL experiments. Rescue analyses were conducted to consolidate the effect of the XIST/miR‐142‐5p/SGTB axis on chondrocytes in OA.ResultsmiR‐142‐5p was down‐regulated in IL‐1β‐treated chondrocytes, whereas SGTB and XIST levels were increased. Overexpression of miR‐142‐5p stimulated proliferation and retarded apoptosis in IL‐1β‐treated chondrocytes. Meanwhile, miR‐142‐5p elevation was correlated with an elevation of Col2A1 and Bcl‐2, as well as a decline of MMP13 and Bax. A mechanistic study showed that miR‐142‐5p negatively regulated SGTB expression. Moreover, we found that lncRNA XIST could relieve the inhibition of miR‐142‐5p on SGTB expression. Augmentation of SGTB or suppression of miR‐142‐5p reversed the influence of XIST depletion on chondrocyte growth and apoptosis.ConclusionsThe present study has explored the fundamental role of miR‐142‐5p in IL‐1β‐treated chondrocytes, as well as the novel molecular mechanism constituted by miR‐142‐5p/SGTB/XIST in OA. Potentially, the results obtained may add new insight into OA pathogenesis.