bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rare face of follicular lymphoma: reverse variant of follicular lymphoma
Authors: Maskey Ninu , Chen Qiongrong , Liu Fang , Liu Shangqin , Tian Sufang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Reverse Variant of Follicular Lymphoma (RVFL) is one of the rare morphological variants of FL, characterized by dark staining small centrocytes in the center and pale staining large centroblasts at the periphery of the neoplastic follicles. Only rare cases of RVFL have been described to date. The histological appearance of this little known variant of FL may be misinterpreted if pathologists are unaware of its existence. The main purpose of this study is to draw pathologists’ attention to such an uncommon growth pattern of FL so that this variant can be correctly recognized and the clinical significance further studied in the future.

Methods
Four cases of FL with unusual morphologic features were evaluated for the expression pattern of CD20, CD10, BCL6, BCL2, CD21, CD23, CD3, CD5, Cyclin D1, IgD and Ki67 by immunohistochemistry. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with break-apart probes was performed to detect BCL2 gene rearrangement.

Results
All four cases showed distinctive morphologic pattern of RVFL; in addition, each also exemplified unique morphological features. Immunohistochemical stains confirmed the cells in both the central areas and the peripheral cuffs had the same immunophenotypic profiles, contrasting to the FL with marginal zone differentiation in which only the center of the nodules showed expression of CD10. FISH demonstrated BCL2 gene rearrangement in all cases.

Conclusion
The growth pattern of this rare FL variant may mimic FL with marginal-zone differentiation and other entities including but not limited to marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), progressive transformation of germinal centers (PTGC) and nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL). Pathologists should be familiar with this unusual morphological variant to avoid diagnostic pitfalls.
A primary neuroendocrine tumor of the left ventricle presenting with diarrhea—an unusual experience and literature review
Authors: Li Chengfang , Huang Jiajia , Yang Xiaorong , Xia Jinhua , Xu Gaoqiang , Zheng Hong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) can secrete bioactive amines in the bloodstream, resulting in the carcinoid syndrome characterized by diarrhea and flushing. The frequency of occurrence of primary cardiac neuroendocrine neoplasms is lesser than that of metastases, and hence, metastases must be adequately ruled out before diagnosis. Cardiac tumors, both primary and metastatic, mainly result in heart-related symptoms, such as heart failure and acquired valvular dysfunction. Here, we report a unique case of a primary left ventricular neuroendocrine tumor presenting with diarrhea.

Case presentation
A 51-year-old female complaining of intermittent diarrhea for 2 years was admitted to our hospital. Enhancement of total abdominal computed tomography scan, echocardiography, and magnetic resonance imaging indicated a mass in the left ventricle. The indexes of myocardial enzymes were normal. Histologically, round cells with well-differentiated neuroendocrine morphology were arranged in typical pseudo-glandular, trabecular, ribbon-like, and solid nest patterns. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin, chromogranin, synaptophysin, and CD56. However, they were negative for caudal type homeobox 2, S100, paired box gene 8, thyroid transcription factor 1, and CD20, which ruled out the origin of gastrointestinal, pancreatic, lung, and Merkel cell carcinomas. The symptoms of diarrhea disappeared after the operation. The patient was asymptomatic at the 9-month follow-up.

Conclusion
Cardiac neuroendocrine tumors with diarrhea are considerably rare and related clinical research is limited. We presented a case and reviewed related articles to improve the identification, diagnosis, and management of patients with cardiac neuroendocrine tumors. The site of origin of a neuroendocrine tumor is clinically vital, and identification of an occult primary tumor using imaging modalities is necessary. Immunohistochemistry is well-suited to indicate the origin of the tumor. Regular follow-up is necessary for both poorly differentiated and well-differentiated cardiac neuroendocrine tumors. It is suggested to detect some neuroendocrinal markers for patients with unexplained reasons of diarrhea.
Identification and characterization of an R-Smad homologue (Hco-DAF-8) from Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Li Fang-Fang , Gasser Robin B. , Liu Feng , Shan Jia-Nan , Di Wen-Da , He Li , Zhou Cai-Xian , Wang Chun-Qun , Fang Rui , Hu Min 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSmad proteins are essential cellular mediators within the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. They directly transmit incoming signals from the cell surface receptors to the nucleus. In spite of their functional importance, almost nothing is known about Smad proteins in parasitic nematodes includingHaemonchus contortus, an important blood-sucking nematode of small ruminants.MethodsBased on genomic and transcriptome data forH. contortusand using bioinformatics methods, a Smad homologue (calledHco-daf-8) was inferred fromH.contortusand the structural characteristics of this gene and its encoded proteinHco-DAF-8 established. Using real-time PCR and immunofluorescence assays, temporal transcriptional and spatial expression profiles ofHco-daf-8were studied. Gene rescue inCaenorhabditis eleganswas then applied to assess the function ofHco-daf-8and a specific inhibitor of human Smad3 (called SIS3) was employed to evaluate the roles ofHco-DAF-8 inH. contortusdevelopment.ResultsThe features ofHco-DAF-8 (502 amino acids), including conserved R-Smad domains and residues of the L3-loop that determine pathway specificity, are consistent with a TGF-β type I receptor-activated R-Smad. TheHco-daf-8gene was transcribed in all developmental stages ofH. contortusstudied, with a higher level of transcription in the fourth-stage larval (L4) females and the highest level in adult males.Hco-DAF-8 was expressed in the platymyarian muscular cells, intestine and reproductive system of adult stages. Gene rescue experiments showed thatHco-daf-8was able to partially rescue gene function in adaf-8deficient mutant strain ofC. elegans, leading to a resumption of normal development. InH. contortus, SIS3 was shown to affectH. contortusdevelopment from the exsheathed third-stage larvae (L3s) to L4sin vitro.ConclusionsThese findings suggest thatHco-DAF-8, encoded by the geneHco-daf-8, is an important cellular mediator ofH. contortusdevelopmentviathe TGF-β signalling pathway. They provide a basis for future explorations ofHco-DAF-8 and associated pathways inH. contortusand other important parasitic nematodes.
Detection of DNA of Babesia canis in tissues of laboratory rodents following oral inoculation with infected ticks
Authors: Corduneanu Alexandra , Ursache Teodor Dan , Taulescu Marian , Sevastre Bogdan , Modrý David , Mihalca Andrei Daniel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Babesia spp. are apicomplexan parasites which infect a wide range of mammalian hosts. Historically, most Babesia species were described based on the assumed host specificity and morphological features of the intraerythrocytic stages. New DNA-based approaches challenge the traditional species concept and host specificity in Babesia. Using such tools, the presence of Babesia DNA was reported in non-specific mammalian hosts, including B. canis in feces and tissues of insectivorous bats, opening questions on alternative transmission routes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if B. canis DNA can be detected in tissues of laboratory rodents following oral inoculation with infected ticks.

Methods
Seventy-five questing adult Dermacentor reticulatus ticks were longitudinally cut in two halves and pooled. Each pool consisted of halves of 5 ticks, resulting in two analogous sets. One pool set (n = 15) served for DNA extraction, while the other set (n = 15) was used for oral inoculation of experimental animals (Mus musculus, line CD-1 and Meriones unguiculatus). Blood was collected three times during the experiment (before the inoculation, at 14 days post-inoculation and at 30 days post-inoculation). All animals were euthanized 30 days post-inoculation. At necropsy, half of the heart, lung, liver, spleen and kidneys were collected from each animal. The presence of Babesia DNA targeting the 18S rRNA gene was evaluated from blood and tissues samples. For histopathology, the other halves of the tissues were used. Stained blood smears were used for the light microscopy detection of Babesia.

Results
From the 15 pools of D. reticulatus used for the oral inoculation, six were PCR-positive for B. canis. DNA of B. canis was detected in blood and tissues of 33.3% of the animals (4 out of 12) inoculated with a B. canis-positive pool. No Babesia DNA was detected in the other 18 animals which received B. canis-negative tick pools. No Babesia was detected during the histological examination and all blood smears were microscopically negative.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that B. canis DNA can be detected in tissues of mammalian hosts following ingestion of infected ticks and opens the question of alternative transmission routes for piroplasms.
Assessing the impact of limiting Indonesian palm oil exports to the European Union
Authors: Rifin Amzul , Feryanto  , Herawati  , Harianto  
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe latest challenge faced by the Indonesian palm oil industry concerns the Delegated Act that has been adopted to limit the use of palm oil in biofuels because palm oil is considered to not support the sustainable development program. The objective of this article is to assess the suspension of Indonesia’s palm exports to the European Union in terms of Indonesia’s economic conditions. The Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model is used to assess the impact, and the results indicate that the suspension will not create significant impacts on the economic growth, GDP, macro-welfare, and exports and imports of Indonesia.
Favorable response to pembrolizumab after durvalumab failure in a stage III sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung: a case report
Authors: Nishino Kazumi , Kunimasa Kei , Kimura Madoka , Inoue Takako , Tamiya Motohiro , Kuhara Hanako , Kumagai Toru 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtype with a poor prognosis. In the phase III PACIFIC study, durvalumab significantly improved progression-free survival and overall survival versus placebo, in patients with stage III NSCLC who do not have disease progression after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. However, treatments for patients who discontinue durvalumab due to disease progression, are unknown.

Case presentation
We report a case of favorable response to pembrolizumab in a patient with disease progression during durvalumab consolidation therapy after chemoradiotherapy for stage III pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma with high programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 expression.

Conclusion
Here, we present what, to the best of our knowledge, is the first reported case in which durvarumab resistance after definitive chemoradiotherapy in a patient with stage III pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma was overcome by pembrolizumab.
KLF4K409Q–mutated meningiomas show enhanced hypoxia signaling and respond to mTORC1 inhibitor treatment
Authors: von Spreckelsen Niklas , Waldt Natalie , Poetschke Rebecca , Kesseler Christoph , Dohmen Hildegard , Jiao Hui-Ke , Nemeth Attila , Schob Stefan , Scherlach Cordula , Sandalcioglu Ibrahim Erol , Deckert Martina , Angenstein Frank , Krischek Boris , Stavrinou Pantelis , Timmer Marco , Remke Marc , Kirches Elmar , Goldbrunner Roland , Chiocca E. Antonio , Huettelmaier Stefan , Acker Till , Mawrin Christian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMeningioma represents the most common primary brain tumor in adults. Recently several non-NF2 mutations in meningioma have been identified and correlated with certain pathological subtypes, locations and clinical observations. Alterations of cellular pathways due to these mutations, however, have largely remained elusive. Here we report that the Krueppel like factor 4 (KLF4)-K409Q mutation in skull base meningiomas triggers a distinct tumor phenotype. Transcriptomic analysis of 17 meningioma samples revealed that KLF4K409Q mutated tumors harbor an upregulation of hypoxia dependent pathways. Detailed in vitro investigation further showed that the KLF4K409Q mutation induces HIF-1α through the reduction of prolyl hydroxylase activity and causes an upregulation of downstream HIF-1α targets. Finally, we demonstrate that KLF4K409Q mutated tumors are susceptible to mTOR inhibition by Temsirolimus. Taken together, our data link the KLF4K409Q mediated upregulation of HIF pathways to the clinical and biological characteristics of these skull base meningiomas possibly opening new therapeutic avenues for this distinct meningioma subtype.
Submarine landslide source models consistent with multiple tsunami records of the 2018 Palu tsunami, Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Nakata Kenji , Katsumata Akio , Muhari Abdul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested submarine landslides as sources of the tsunami that damaged coastal areas of Palu Bay after the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake. Indeed, tsunami run-up heights as high as 10 m determined by field surveys cannot be explained by the earthquake source alone although the earthquake is definitely the primary cause of the tsunami. The quantitatively re-examined results using the earthquake fault models reported so far showed that none of them could fully explain the observed tsunami data: tsunami waveforms inferred from video footage and the field survey run-up tsunami height distribution. Here, we present probable tsunami source models including submarine landslides that are consistent with the observed tsunami data. We simulated tsunamis generated by submarine landslides using a simplified depth-averaged two-dimensional model. The estimated submarine landslide model consisted of two sources in the northern and southern parts of the bay, and it explained the observed tsunami data well. Their volumes were 0.02 and 0.07 km3. The radius of the major axis and the maximum thickness of the initial paraboloid masses and the maximum horizontal velocity of the masses were 0.8 km, 40 m and 21 m/s in the northern bay, and 2.0 km, 15 m and 19 m/s in the southern bay, respectively. The landslide source in the northern bay needed to start to move about 70 s after the earthquake to match the calculated and observed arrival times.
The effect of alumina powder in dielectric on electrical discharge machining parameters of aluminum composite A413-Al2O3 by the Taguchi method, the signal-to-noise analysis and the total normalized quality loss
Authors: Shahbazi Dastjerdi Mojtaba , Mokhtarian Ali , Saraeian Payam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe machining capability of metal composites is different compared to other materials because of their specific physical and mechanical properties. The aluminum composite A413 reinforced with Alumina powder is one of the materials which causes rapid erosion of the tool if traditional machining methods are employed. In this research, the electrical discharge machining experiments were conducted using the Taguchi method. After analysis of variance (ANOVA) using simultaneous analysis of total normalized quality loss (TNQL), and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of outputs, the effect of each parameter such as current intensity, voltage, pulse on-time and pulse off-time have been investigated. These parameters are influential on material removal rates, surface roughness, and tool wear ratio of electric discharge machining in two cases of with alumina powder and without alumina powder in dielectric. The outcomes of this research indicate that the use of Alumina powder 3 g/L in kerosene dielectric averagely reduces the material removal rate by 7.8%, increases the surface roughness by 8.8%, and decreases the tool wear ratio by 1.3%. Also, the results of analysis of total normalized quality loss and signal-to-noise ratio of the experiment have been shown as the first level of voltage (A1), the first level of current intensity (B1), the first level of pulse on time (C1), and the third level of pulse off time (D3).
Emergency intensive care unit pharmacist’s intervention may reduce time to four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate administration: a retrospective study
Authors: Imanaka Shoichi , Kuwabara Tatsuro , Ikeda Hiroto , Miyake Yasufumi , Enomoto Hiromi , Sakamoto Tetsuya , Yasuno Nobuhiro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) must be administered as soon as possible, and in our emergency intensive care unit (EICU), pharmacists are available on weekdays for consultation on expediting 4F-PCC administration. Although recent reports have described a reduction in time to 4F-PCC administration, few studies have addressed if this is because of EICU pharmacist’s intervention, and there are no such studies in Japan. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether EICU pharmacist’s intervention reduced time to 4F-PCC administration.

Methods
This single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted from December 2017 to May 2019. We enrolled patients who received 4F-PCC due to major bleeding or requirement of urgent surgical/invasive procedures (n = 10). Patients were divided into two groups, namely, the intervention group (n = 5), in which EICU pharmacists consulted on weekdays, and the nonintervention group (n = 5), in which an intervention was not possible because of the absence of the EICU pharmacist.

Results
The median time from patient presentation to the EICU to 4F-PCC administration (103 min vs. 111 min, p = 0.4) was similar between the two groups; however, the median time from 4F-PCC prescription ordering to administration was significantly shorter in the intervention group than in the nonintervention group (21 min vs. 60 min, p = 0.02).

Conclusions
EICU pharmacist’s intervention improves the process from 4F-PCC prescription to administration and can reduce time to 4F-PCC administration.
Effective exchange to a larger size catheter for a lung abscess with initial percutaneous drainage failure: a case report
Authors: Oh Maki , Mori Shohei , Noda Yuki , Kato Daiki , Ohtsuka Takashi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Percutaneous catheter drainage is an effective therapy for antibiotic-refractory lung abscesses. Pulmonary resection is usually considered in cases of drainage failure, although it remains controversial.

Case presentation
A 42-year-old man with antibiotic-refractory lung abscess underwent percutaneous abscess drainage with a 10-Fr pigtail catheter. However, adequate evacuation of the abscess content was not achieved, and his respiratory condition worsened and he required a ventilator. To achieve and maintain effective drainage, insertion of a larger size 28-Fr catheter to replace the 10-Fr catheter was performed under general anesthesia and one-lung ventilation with a double-lumen tube to isolate the left lung. Exchange with a larger size catheter was effective and achieved adequate drainage. The procedure was performed safely by expanding the route of the old catheter as a guide for accessing the abscess cavity. His condition immediately improved and he was discharged on day 40 post-catheter exchange with no complications and cured with a small residual thin wall cavity.

Conclusions
Small size catheters are generally recommended for initial percutaneous drainage; however, we argue that exchange with larger size catheters should be primarily considered instead of pulmonary resection in cases of initial drainage failure. This may avoid the need for pulmonary resection.
The potential for computational IT tools in disaster relief and shelter design
Authors: Kuchai Noorullah , Shepherd Paul , Calabria-Holley Juliana , Copping Alexander , Matard Aude , Coley David 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe expanding use of IT has brought an increase in productivity to the world of business, industry and commerce. However, this is not mirrored by an equivalent growth in the use of IT by aid agencies in post-disaster situations. We report a pioneering two-stage study which tested the appetite for the increased use of computational IT tools in this sector, assessed their level of usefulness and whether they can be practically implemented. Thirty aid workers across nineteen countries were surveyed on their use of IT and computational tools in shelter design and provision. The key finding was that none of the participants used any building simulation tools or software packages in any of the design stages of shelter construction. Using this result, two example tools were created—one assessing daylighting and the other environmental impact. A second survey involving 48 aid workers was then carried out to record their experience of using the new tools and 97% of the participants identified a need for such shelter design tools. The majority felt that the new tools were useful and that they would like to use similar tools in their work, most of them preferring tools in the form of web applications. It is concluded that humanitarian workers in the shelter sector are very willing to adopt IT-based computational tools in their work and would appreciate doing so, but only if they have access to suitably simple tools which are quick to use and easy to learn.
The HCR-20 and violence risk assessment – will a peak of inflated expectations turn to a trough of disillusionment?
Authors: Silva Edward 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe HCR-20 has taken on a life of its own. In forensic services it has been elevated from helpful aide-mémoire into a prophetic tool worthy of Nostradamus himself. Almost every outcome is interpreted through it. Despite the evidence of its limited utility, the difficulties of predicting rare events, the narrative fallacies and other heuristic biases it creates, and the massive opportunity costs it entails, commissioners and services alike mandate its use. Yet in routine practice the problems are not acknowledged, multiple conflicts of interest lie unobserved and other opportunities are neglected.
Preconditioning strategies to prevent acute kidney injury
Authors: Späth Martin Richard , Koehler Felix Carlo , Hoyer-Allo Karla Johanna Ruth , Grundmann Franziska , Burst Volker , Müller Roman-Ulrich 
Published: April 2020

Acute kidney injury is a common clinical disorder resulting in significantly increased morbidity and mortality. However, despite extensive research, strategies for prevention or treatment are still lacking in routine clinical practice. Already decades ago, several preconditioning strategies (e. g. ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning and calorie restriction) have been published and their extraordinary effectiveness - especially in rodents - has raised the hope for powerful clinical tools to prevent acute kidney injury. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not completely understood and translation to the clinics has not been successful yet. In this review, the most attractive strategies and the current mechanistic concepts are introduced and discussed. Furthermore, we present clinical trials evaluating the feasibility of preconditioning in the clinical setting.