bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Thickness Effect on LSPR Spectra of Au-Nanorod Coated TiO2and SiO2Studied by MNPBEM
Authors: Kuddah Muhammad Sujak Mansur , Putra Miftahussurur Hamidi , Djuhana Dede 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe have studied the effect on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Au-nanorod (AuNR) coated TiO2(Au@TiO2) and SiO2(Au@SiO2). The length and diameter of AuNR are 70 nm and 20 nm, respectively. For this purpose, then AuNR was coated by TiO2and SiO2with thickness varying from 2nm to 20nm with increment 2nm. The LSPR exhibited two modes, transverse mode (TM) and longitudinal mode (LM) as commonly was found in a rod-shaped particle. Interestingly, the peak of extinction red-shift as the thickness increased both TM and LM. Increasing volume and refractive index around AuNR contributed to red-shift, therefore the rate of decreasing energy TiO2faster than SiO2. Furthermore, we have also observed the peak of LSPR extinction curve of Au@TiO2have a similar trend to Au@SiO2as the thickness increased, but its beginning to decrease at ∼8nm. In the LM, for a given thickness, we found the peak of extinction curve Au@TiO2show more than one peak present around ∼2-3nm and ∼8nm. However, only one peak happened in Au@SiO2. In a sense, Au coated TiO2can be fully utilized to enhance photocatalytic activity under visible light of AuNR and useful in photocatalytic activity, on the other hand, SiO2plays an insignificant role for a certain limit thickness under visible light – near-infrared.
Study of Domain Wall Propagation in FePt and FePd Nanowires Driven by Sub-nanosecond Pulse of Magnetic Field by Micromagnetic Simulation
Authors: Hawibowo Sulaiman , Kurniawan Candra , Djuhana Dede 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the domain wall propagation behavior in FePt and FePd nanowires by micromagnetic simulation based on LLG equation. A rectangular shape nanowire model was generated with a fixed length of 2000 nm and varied thicknesses of 2.5 nm and 5 nm. The wire widths were varied of 50 nm, 100 nm, and 150 nm. The 500 ps length of magnetic-pulse was applied in-plane to a transverse type domain wall. We observed the Walker Breakdown field (H
WB), which means the maximum domain wall velocity before it was abruptly decreased. The transverse DW structure was maintained below H
WB while vortex/antivortex wall structure was formed in the higher magnetic field. Interestingly, the H
WB value of both FePt and FePd were decreased as the width and thickness of the nanowires increased. We have also analyzed the changing of the demagnetization and exchange energy for the domain wall structure transition from transverse wall to vortex/anti-vortex wall.
Study of Temperature and Holding Time of Second Stage in Two-stages Thermal Upgrading of Lateritic Nickel Ore
Authors: Suharno B , Sa’adah A , Shofi A , Nurjaman F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A two-stage thermal upgrading process with the addition of 10 wt.% sodium sulfate and sodium chloride followed by magnetic separation was conducted for treatment low-grade nickeliferous laterite ore to produce a ferronickel product. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of reduction temperature and holding time in two-stage thermal upgrading process, which was carried out from 950°C to 1150°C for 30 to 90 minutes, into the grade and recovery of nickel also the morphology of ferronickel particle. A wet magnetic separation with 500 gauss magnet was conducted to produce ferronickel in concentrate. Increasing the reduction temperature of nickel laterite increased the nickel grade and recovery. The nickel grade and recovery also increased along with the longer holding time in the reduction process. Nevertheless, it decreased the iron recovery.
Microstructure, Phases Transformation and Hardness of Sintered Fe-Mo-Si Alloys Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Technique
Authors: Ciswandi  , Riastuti Rini , Wismogroho Agus Sukarto , Hermanto Bambang , Sudiro Toto 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The transition-metal silicides are attractive materials for high-temperature applications due to its mechanical properties and resistance to oxidation-corrosion at high temperature. In this paper, the development of silicides alloy based on ferromolybdenum (Fe-Mo) and ferrosilicon (Fe-Si) lumps as starting materials were discussed. The Fe-Mo and Fe-Si lumps were manually crushed into small granules. Afterwards, the small granule of Fe-Mo and Fe-Si were separately milled into fine powder and were then mixed by using Wet-High Energy Milling technique for 4h and 2h, respectively. The powders were compacted and then sintered at 1200°C for 2h in a vacuum. The microstructure of sintered alloys was observed by using SEM-EDX. Meanwhile, the formation of silicides phases was identified by using XRD. The Vickers hardness testing was performed to measure the hardness of sintered alloys. According to the results, the MoSi2 phase was detected in the (Fe-Si)-30(Fe-Mo) alloy. When the Fe-Si concentration was decreased to 40 % at, the FeMoSi phase was formed. The detail results of this study are presented and discussed in this paper.
Role of Zn Substitution on Improvement of Electromagnetic and Microwave Absorption Characteristics of BaTi(1-x) ZnxO3 (x = 0; 1/3; ½; 2/3; 1)
Authors: Zainal Yuda Bakti , Kristiantoro Tony , Dedi  , Manaf Azwar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the current study, we have explored the electromagnetic and microwave absorption characteristics, especially the permeability, permittivity and reflection loss of magnetoelectric BaTi(1-x)ZnxO3 with x = 0; 1/3; ½; 2/3; 1. The composition was selected to include the effect of structural change when Ti is substituted with Zn in BaTi(1-x)ZnxO3 material system. When x = 0, the Zn free BaTiO3 posesses a tetragonal phase with lattice parameters a = b = 3.996361 Å and c = 4.030751 Å. The lattice parameters changed when x > 0 and phase transformation as well as material structure change occurred when x = 1. In addition, the effect of the geometric effect of replacing Ti ions with Zn which has a bigger ion radius will increase the absorption of electromagnetic waves.
Production of Nanobiocontrol Agent in Molasses and Tofu Liquid Waste Media by Streptomyces sp. TT10
Authors: Desak Gede Sri Andayani , I Dewa Hermida Putu , Hidayat Novik Nur , Kristiantoro Toni , Tirta Andini Desak Gede 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study has processed the waste of agriculture into high economic value materials using fermentation technology byStreptomyces sp.TT 10 in the form of new materials in Nano size. In this study, anti-phytopathogenic agents would be produced using fermentation technology in the form of antifungal that fought fungi that often infected strawberries. The research series consisted of the fermentation process for seven days, 30°C, pH 7 on molasses and tofu liquid waste medium. The broth of fermentation was extracted using ethyl acetate. Concentrated ethyl acetate extracts were ground using a shaker mill PPF-UG to obtain the size up to 100 nm. Furthermore, Nano sizes were characterized using (particle size analyzer) PSA and (scanning electron microscope) SEM. The anti-phytopathogenic agent was analyzed by agar diffusion and microdilution. The results showed that activity of ethyl acetate extract ofStreptomyces sp.TT10 was increased up to 80% after milling process, against pathogenic strawberry that isPenicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Rhodotorula sp., Kluyveromyces sp., Candida krusei, Candida pseudotropicalisandFusarium oxysporumwith inhibitory diameter (mm), minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) (ppm) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) (ppm) value (%) are respectively (82.85:50;50), (81.29;50;50), (82.85;50;50), (83.87;50;50), (74.07;50;50), (79.95;50;50), and (83.33; 50; 50).
Preparation of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Cellulose Nano fiber Nanocomposite Isolated from Empty Oil Palm Fruit Bunches
Authors: Gea Saharman , Indra  , Muis Yugia , Panindia Nami , Hutapea Yasir Arafat 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This research was aimed to manufacture polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) nanocomposite which was isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) through steam explosion method combined with a hydrolysis process involving HCl 10%. The isolation process was performed in 2 steps; α-cellulose isolation from empty fruit bunches fibers and then cellulose nanofiber isolation from α-cellulose which was hydrolyzed with acid using ultrasonicator and homogenized in rotational speed of 8000 rpm. The functional group and morphology of nanofibres cellulose were characterized. FT-IR spectrum resulted an absorptions for C-O-C group at wavelength of 1059.99 cm-1 which indicated a glycoside bond. Then, C-H group at 2900.94 cm-1 and O-H group at 3348.62 cm-1 were revealed to indicate the cellulose nanofiber. Moreover, TEM was used for morphological analysis and showing a decrease in fibres diameters after experiencing a chemical-mechanical treatment which lead to nanofibres with final diameter size of 20-30 nm. PVA/CNF nanocomposite with the percentage ratio of 80:20 gave a tensile strength of 17.41 Mpa and Modulus Young of 0.9 Gpa. Finally, the product was also morphologically analyzed with SEM and indicating an even distribution on the PVA surface.
Increased Electrical Conductivity of Polypyrrole Through Emulsion Polymerization Assisted Emulsifier Synthesis
Authors: Sari Prestika Gema , Hafizah Mas Ayu Elita , Andreas  , Manaf Azwar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA conductive Polypyrrole (PPy) has been successfully synthesized and characterized. The PPy was prepared through oxidative chemical polymerization using ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) as an oxidizing agent in aqueous media. The reaction is prepared without heating. Anionic and non-ionic emulsifiers, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), nonylphenol (NP) ethoxylate (EO) with 10 mole EO were respectively used during polymerization to increase the electrical conductivity. The FTIR spectrum of PPy indicates a change in the absorbance peaks of pyrrole monomer at 1530 cm−1and those in the range region of 1100 - 1000 cm−1. With the SDS addition, the temperature of solution increased with reaction time reached the highest 35 °C within 2 minutes reaction. The pH value of an SDS added solution was 3.3 higher than that of SDS free solution (1.8). The addition of SDS was also to change the color changing during the polymerization reaction. The final characteristic of PPy by measuring the electrical conductivity (σ) value concluded that the presence of emulsifier anionic in a polymerization reaction increased the electrical conductivity of PPy 150 times higher compared with that obtained of emulsifier free solution.
The Roles of Process Parameters on Structures and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Rifathin Annisa , Ujianto Onny , Jamilah Nurul , Bambang Afrinaldi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Process parameters are crucial to produce targeted qualities in polypropylene (PP)/clay nanocomposites, due to their roles on the generation of shear and diffusion. Thus, this research aims to observe their effects on structures and properties of PP/clay nanocomposites. Samples were produced by mixing PP, PP grafting maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA), and Cloisite 20A at fixed compositions, 88/9/3 wt%, respectively, in an internal mixer with variations on temperatures (210, 220, 230 °C) and speeds (60, 80, 100 rpm). Effect of mixing parameters on nanocomposite structures and properties were investigated from XRD, SEM and flexural properties. The results showed that all samples had intercalated as well as agglomerated structures. Further analysis on XRD and SEM showed that samples produced at high conditions (230 °C or 100 rpm) had similar structures. In contrast, low setting sample (210 °C and 60 rpm), despite its similarity on dispersion level, had longer agglomerates than that of mixed at high settings. Correlated both increase of d-spacing and agglomerates length to flexural properties suggested that modulus was more influenced by dispersion level, while strength was affected by agglomerates. However, it was worth to note that improvement on d-spacing, with availability of long agglomerates might not guarantee modulus and strength improvement due to low interfacial bonding.
Poly(lactic acid)-based Composites Incorporated with Spent Coffee Ground and Tea Leave for Food Packaging Application: A Waste to Wealth
Authors: Songtipya Ladawan , Limchu Thitirat , Phuttharak Suphatchara , Songtipya Ponusa , Kalkornsurapranee Ekwipoo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Polymer composites of polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) incorporated with spent coffee grounds (SCG) and tea leave (TL) were prepared by two-roll mill mixer. 4,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI), and bis[3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl] tetrasulfide (TESPT) were used as coupling agents. The influences of coupling agent types, coupling agent content, and weight ratios of polymer to filler on the mechanical properties, melt flow index, and overall migration (OM) of the composites were studied. The results showed that MDI and TDI had better performance compared to TESPT for both tensile and elongation at break. The tensile strength and elongation at break of PLA+PBAT/SCG composites with weight ratio of polymer to filler = 70/30 increased from 19.6 MPa to ∼23.0 to 25.0 MPa, and 6.6 to ∼10.0%, respectively when using these coupling agents (MDI and TDI) of 3 g/100 g polymers. Moreover, the addition of MDI and TDI greatly increased the viscosity of the melted composites (4-fold), while TESPT made the viscosity decrease. However, the mechanical properties of the composites decreased drastically with increasing SCG proportion. Compared to PLA+PBAT/SCG, interfacial adhesion of PLA+PBAT/TL was higher confirming by tensile strength and SEM images. However, there was no significant difference between PLA+PBAT/TL and PLA+PBAT/SCG composites in terms of elongation at break, impact strength and melt flow index. The OM of PLA+PBAT/SCG and PLA+PBAT/TL composites with coupling agents were in the range of ∼0.03–0.28 mg/dm2 when using 3% acetic acid and 10% ethanol as food simulants, which not excess the migration limit (10 mg/dm2) according to Food Contact Materials EU No. 10/2011 legislation. It means that they might be safe for use as food contact materials for packaging and containers.
Biodegradability of Cassava Starch/High Density Polyethylene Reactive Blend During Compost Burial
Authors: Nurhajati Dwi Wahini , Setyadewi Noor Maryam , Indrajati Ihda Novia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Starch is promising material to answer the environmental hot issues related to plastic wastes. Plasticized and gelatinized starch can behave as thermoplastic that completely biodegrade in nature. This study was aimed to investigate the biodegradability of cassava starch (CS) blended with high density polyethylene (HDPE). Simulated soil burial was applied using the compost. The blends were prepared by reactive mixing using Haake Rheomix internal mixer. The ratio of starch and HDPE was ranging from 30/70, 40/60, 50/50, 60/40, and 70/30. Dual hydrophobization was employed, i.e. addition acetic acid and polyethylene-grated maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA). Compost burial was performed indoor for 56 days. The surface appearance and morphology were investigated. Weight loss and change in tensile strength and elongation at break after burial also determined. Results findings showed that the increasing of cassava starch content and burial time decrease the tensile strength and elongation at break, however increased the weight loss of CS/HDPE reactive blend. In addition, evidence of biodegradation is shown by the appearance of some microorganism colonies on the surface of reactive blend and morphological changes in CS/HDPE reactive blend.
Tensile Properties of Glass Roving and Hybrid Tapes
Authors: Venkataraman Mohanapriya , Militký Jiří , Mishra Rajesh , Kremenakova Dana , Petru Michal 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Among many other materials for the reinforcement of composites, technical fabrics are increasingly being used, especially from glass tows, which have good mechanical properties. In this paper, glass fiber based tapes containing special types of resins, in pre-condensate form with application in technology of composites preparation by precise winding is prepared. Also, the selected suitable resin was loaded by suitable types of nanoparticles for enhancing mechanical properties. The tensile properties of the tapes made from glass were investigated. Measurements of resultant stabilized hybrid composite tapes (SHCT) were focused on the breaking force, deformation at break and initial modulus. It was found that the durability of the tapes was sufficient for long term storing. The main benefit was avoiding of resin penetration into winded structure which is due to tight arrangements of fibrous phase which is very complicated. The results show that SHCT can be stored and used after a longer period of time.
Synthesis and Characterization of LiFePO4 By Variation Addition Of (Li3PO4)0.5(AgI)0.25(LiI)0.25 as Cathode Material For All-Solid-State Li-ion Battery
Authors: Ainiya Lisda , Kartini Evvy , Honggowiranto Wagiyo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The safety of lihium-ion batteries have always been a concerned for industrial application. Therefore, there is a strong interest to produce an all-solid-state battery. An all-solid-state battery has several advantages, including easy fabrication, non-flammable, low leakage, but mainly because it is safer. In this study, (Li3PO4)0.5(AgI)0.5(LiI)0.25 was synthesized as solid electrolyte. Meanwhile, as cathode, LiFePO4 was added by variations of: 0%, 10%, and 30% of (Li3PO4)0.5(AgI)0.5(LiI)0.25 to minimize the presence of solid state interface between solid electrolyte and cathode. The samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and conductivity measurement. For SEM images, the particle distribution was not thoroughly homogeneous because it was prepared manually by only grinding the samples. The X-ray data showed that (Li3PO4)0.5(AgI)0.5(LiI)0.25 has halo pattern and the crystal structure of synthesized cathode belongs to P m n a space group (Olivine Structure). The range of measured AC conductivity was around 10−4 S/cm - 10−8 S/cm.
Interfacial Properties of Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Sudaryanto  , Yulianti Evi , Deswita  , Wahyudianingsih  , Anggreyni Desy N P , Kartini Evvy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The problem in developing solid electrolyte is the interface between solid electrolyte and electrode in an all solid lithium-ion batteries (LIB). Due to this reason, the interfacial properties of solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) for LIB have been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS). The aim of this study is to elucidate the effect of interfacial structure onto the properties of SPE for LIB. Two kind different electrolyte/cathode interfacial arrangements were constructed by coating and stacking Chitosan based SPE onto lithium permanganate based cathode. The effect of interfacial structure onto the impedance has been studied. It was found that in case the SPE stacked on the electrode, micro-gap appeared at the interface and resulted in the existence of Warburg impedance or interfacial resistance. However, when the SPE was coated using solvent casting onto the electrode the micro-gap did not appear and the interfacial resistance could be neglected.
Infinite Energy Creates Better Life
Authors: Pertiwi Ambar , Harjanto Rudy , Kartini Evvy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As the world moves towards sustainability, renewable energy development is driven in most countries as an alternative offer to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels. One such alternative is solar energy, which is the versatile technology used to harness the sun’s energy and make it usable. It refers also to capturing the energy from the sun, collected elsewhere (i.e. the Earth) and subsequently converting it into electricity. Due to the non-constant nature of solar energy, collector and storage unit components are required to have a functional solar energy generator. The collector simply collects the radiation that falls on it and converts a fraction of it to other forms of energy (electricity or heat). The storage unit is required to store excess energy during the periods of maximum productivity and release it when the productivity drops. The proposed study is aimed to explore the feasibility of solar energy as an infinite energy to be restored and used as it needs. The merit of this study lies in the fact that solar energy creates better life (such as cost reduction, resource availability, eco-friendly. and sustainability) should it is harvested, stored and utilized considerably in a holistic way. Moreover, it may enhance independency of electricity supply, particularly in remote areas where access to power supply are limited. It is anticipated that the study will not only create a further interdisciplinary research platform for fundamental studies on solar energy harvesting, storage, and utilization, but also a research that leads to technology transfer to industry as it is lauded as a renewable and an inexhaustible fuel source, environmentally friendly due to its nature of pollution – and often noise – free.
Grading of Lithium Ion Battery Module for Public street lighting
Authors: Kartini E , Sudaryanto S , Honggowiranto W , Sudjatno A , Fadjri A , Marto I , Rofika R N S 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA module of lithium ion battery has been constructed to replace ion battery for public street lighting. The module was designed to deliver a power of minimum~120 Wh for running 10 Watt solar street llighting, with a solar panel of 80 Wp. The module consisted of 40 cylinder cells 18650 of LiFePO4. Before designing the module, all the cells have to be formatted, graded and sorted out, to obtain an optimum results. The charge-discharge testing and internal resistance were measured to every single cell using a battery analyzer. The cells grading,sorting and grouping were consecutively done to obtain an optimum LIB module. The results showed each cylinder cell delivering discharge capacity, voltage and internal resistance of ~1.2-1.4 Ah, ~ 3.2-3.3 V, and 50-70 Ω, respectively. The cells were arranged into 4 serial and 10 parallel, to produce LIB module with the power of ~130-140 Wh, which is higher than expected.The LIB module made in Indonesia, with high local content can run the public street lighting and replace the conventional Lead Acid battery.