bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of an UPLC-DAD Method for the Quantification of Phenolic
Acids, Verbascoside and 6-epi-aucubin in Crescentia cujete Fruit
Authors: Rivera-Mondragón Andrés , Caballero-George Catherina , Pieters Luc , Foubert Kenn 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The fruit pulp decoction of Crescentia cujete, commonly known as calabash, is traditionally used
for the treatment of several respiratory diseases and is available as syrup formulations. Unfortunately, there is no detailed
investigation on analytical methods for warranting the quality of these products.

Aim and objective:
To develop and validate an appropriate analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of transcinnamic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, verbascoside and 6-epi-aucubin in the decoction and commercial cough syrups of
Crescentia cujete fruit.

Materials and methods:
A reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled to a diode array
detector (UPLC-DAD) was validated following the ICH guidelines. The chromatographic analysis was performed using a
C18 column, the mobile phase system consisted of water and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid, and UV
chromatograms were recorded from 200 to 400 nm.

Results:
A new UPLC-DAD method was validated for the simultaneous quantification of trans-cinnamic acid, 4-
hydroxybenzoic acid, verbascoside and 6-epi-aucubin in calabash-derived products. After successful validation, this method
was applied for the quantification of the selected chemical markers in an in-house decoction and three commercial cough
syrups. Among the selected chemical markers, 6-epi-aucubin was the main compound in the calabash decoction, while
trans-cinnamic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were the major compounds in the commercial products. Verbascoside and
6-epi-aucubin were below the limit of quantification in all syrup samples.

Conclusion:
The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of three commercial syrup formulations and
can be useful for standardization and quality control of raw and pharmaceutical calabash preparations.
Expression and Clinical Significance of SARS-CoV-2 Human Targets in Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Lung Tissues
Authors: Subbarayan Karthikeyan , Ulagappan Kamatchi , Wickenhauser Claudia , Seliger Barbara 
Published: December 2020

Background:A higher incidence of COVID-19 infection was demonstrated in cancer patients, including lung cancer patients. This study was conducted to get insights into the enhanced frequency of COVID-19 infection in cancer.Methods:Using different bioinformatics tools, the expression and methylation patterns of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were analyzed in healthy and malignant tissues, focusing on lung adenocarcinoma and data were correlated to clinical parameters and smoking history.Results:ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were heterogeneously expressed across 36 healthy tissues with the highest expression levels in digestive, urinary and reproductive organs, while the overall analysis of 72 paired tissues demonstrated significantly lower expression levels of ACE2 in cancer tissues when compared to normal counterparts. In contrast, ACE2, but not TMPRSS2, was overexpressed in LUAD, which inversely correlated to the promoter methylation. This upregulation of ACE2 was age-dependent in LUAD, but not in normal lung tissues. TMPRSS2 expression in non-neoplastic lung tissues was heterogeneous and dependent on sex and smoking history, while it was downregulated in LUAD of smokers. Cancer progression was associated with a decreased TMPRSS2 but unaltered ACE2. In contrast, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 of lung metastases derived from different cancer subtypes was higher than organ metastases of other sites. TMPRSS2, but not ACE2, was associated with LUAD patients’ survival.Conclusions:Comprehensive molecular analyses revealed a heterogeneous and distinct expression and/or methylation profile of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in healthy lung vs. LUAD tissues across sex, age and smoking history and might have implications for COVID-19 disease.
Targeted Biological Effect of An Affitoxin Composed of an HPV16E7 Affibody Fused with Granzyme B (ZHPV16E7-GrB) Against Cervical Cancer In vitro and In vivo
Authors: Wang Wenhuan , Tan Xiaochun , Jiang Jie , Cai Yiqi , Feng Fangfang , Zhang Lifang , Li Wenshu 
Published: December 2020

Background:
High risk type 16 of human papillomavirus (HPV16) is associated with
50% of cervical cancer, for which reliable targeted therapies are lacking. HPV early protein 7 (E7)
is an oncoprotein responsible for cell malignant transformation. In our previous work, a highly specific
affibody targeting HPV16E7 (ZHPV16E7) was developed.

Objective:
In order to improve the targeted therapeutic effect, the present study prepared an affitoxin
consisting of ZHPV16E7 fused with granzyme B (GrB), namely, ZHPV16E7-GrB, and evaluated its
targeting action in vitro and in vivo.

Methods:
The ZHPV16E7-GrB fusion protein was produced in a prokaryotic expression system. The
targeted binding properties of the ZHPV16E7-GrB to the HPV16E7 were confirmed by immunofluorescence
assay (IFA) in cervical cancer cell lines, by immunohistochemical assay (IHA) in cervical
cancer tissue from clinical specimens and by near-infrared imaging in tumour-bearing mice. The anti-
tumour effect on both cervical cancer cells in vitro and tumour-bearing mice in vivo were further
evaluated.

Results:
A 34-kDa ZHPV16E7-GrB fusion protein was produced in E. coli and displayed the corresponding
immunoreactivity. IFA revealed that ZHPV16E7-GrB bound specifically to HPV16-positive
TC-1 and SiHa cells. IHA showed that ZHPV16E7-GrB also bound specifically to HPV16-positive clinical
tissue specimens. In addition, the near-infrared imaging results showed that ZHPV16E7-GrB was
enriched in tumour tissues. Moreover, both the ZHPV16E7-GrB affitoxin and ZHPV16E7 affibody (without
GrB) significantly reduced the proliferation of cervical cancer cells in vitro and tumor-bearing
mice in vivo, and the anti-proliferative effect of ZHPV16E7-GrB was higher than that of the ZHPV16E7 affibody.

Conclusions:
The affitoxin by coupling the affibody with GrB is a promising targeted therapeutic
agent with the dual advantages of the targeted affibody and the GrB cytotoxin.
Forkhead-box A3 (FOXA3) Represses Cancer Stemness and Partially Potentiates Chemosensitivity by Targeting Metastasis-Associated in Colon Cancer 1 (MACC1) Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Na , Li Yun , Gao Hongbo , Li Jing , Ma Xiaoping , Liu Xiaomei , Gong Ping , Cui Xiaobin , Li Yong 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The major challenge to the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC)
is the persistent occurrence of chemoresistance. One of the established etiologies is the existence of
cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), due to which, tumors show resistance to external therapeutic challenges.

Objective:
The forkhead-box A3 (FOXA3) is a potent transcription factor that potentiates the acquisition
and maintenance of stemness fate in many physiological systems. However, its effect on cancer
stemness, particularly treatment, has not been explored in CRC, forming the basis of the current
study.

Methods:
FOXA3 expression in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC tissues and cells was evaluated using
RT-qPCR. Effects of FOXA3 manipulation on sensitivity to oxaliplatin were assessed using
WST-1, apoptotic ELISA, colony formation and xenograft model. Effects of FOXA3 alteration on
CSCs were determined using tumorsphere assay and CD44 staining. Transcriptional regulation of
MACC1 by FOXA3 was studied using ChIP, Co-IP and luciferase reporter assay.

Results:
FOXA3 expression was significantly reduced in tumor samples from oxaliplatin-non-responsive
patients compared with that in tumor samples from oxaliplatin-sensitive patients. This
downregulation of FOXA3 expression predicted a poor post-chemotherapy overall- or disease-free
survival in our 117-patient cohort. FOXA3 down-regulation significantly enhanced cell survival
and stem-like properties, thus rendering the CRC cells unresponsiveness to oxaliplatin-induced cell
death. Mechanistically, the anti-neoplastic effect of FOXA3 was mediated mainly through transcriptional
repression of metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) in oxaliplatin-resistant
CRC cells.

Conclusion:
Our findings establish FOXA3 as a potent tumor suppressor in CRC, which may disrupt
the maintenance of stemness and modulate sensitivity to oxaliplatin by inhibiting the transcription
of MACC1 within CRC cells.
Treatment of Tannery Wastewater Through the Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor
Authors: Rech Henrique Azevedo , Agustini Caroline Borges , Soares Mariliz Gutterres 
Published: December 2020

Abstract::
The leather industry is an essential sector, especially in countries with highly developed
livestock as they use rawhide to produce high-valued leather products. The leather-making process
uses different chemicals and is a source of environmental pollution if the wastewater is not properly
treated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze a Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) as
a new technology for the biological treatment of tannery wastewater. This system incorporate benefits
provided by the suspended growth systems, which have already been consolidated in treating
wastewater, such as activated sludge and the advantage of growth adhered to biocarriers that have a
large surface area. Incorporating activated sludge into MBBR enables the removal of both organic
and nitrogen pollutants. Studies have shown that MBBR treatment efficiency depends on biocarrier
surface area, composition, texture, and reactor operating conditions, such as filling fraction, hydraulic
retention time, dissolved oxygen, and volumetric organic load.
Flavonoids in the Treatment of Diabetes: Clinical Outcomes and Mechanism to Ameliorate Blood Glucose Levels
Authors: Al Duhaidahawi Dunya , Hasan Samer A. , Al Zubaidy Haider F.S. 
Published: December 2020

Background::
For thousands of years, natural food products have been a medicine for diseases that affect the human body, including diabetes mellitus. Lately, several investigations have studied the flavonoids derivatives of plant origins and their biological activity. Given our need to know more mechanisms for treating this disease,

Methods::
we will do a thorough research review on treating diabetes mellitus based on flavonoids, its therapeutic potential, and biological action.

Results::
Flavonoids reduces complications in addition to its vital role as effective supplements for preventing diabetes mellitus by regulating glucose metabolism, lipid profile, liver enzyme activity, a protein kinase inhibitor, PPAR, AMPK with NF-κB

Conclusion::
Articles that we reviewed showed the positive role of flavonoids, which at a certain way reduce diabetes, but its side effects are still missing, this review focus on the different type of dietary flavonoids along with their mechanism in reducing blood glucose and enhance insulin sensitivity as well as some side effects
Isolation and Characterization of Leishmanial Adenine Aminohydrolase
as a Drug Target
Authors: Butt Firdous , Yasinzai Masoom , Malik Shaukat Iqbal , Munir Anum 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Search for new drug targets is becoming imperative these days given that marketed chemotherapeutic drugs have lost their efficacy against harmful agents because of adaptability to climatic changes and co-evolving vectors to new hosts. In the wake of such challenge prominence of biochemical studies is increasing by way of exploring selective enzymes and investigating their structural and functional properties through biochemical kinetic parameter Km for the application of IC50 using designed drugs. Recently discovered Adenine Aminohydrolase [EC 3.5.4.2) in Leishmania has been found to be absent in mammalian purine salvage pathway and thus considered as a promising drug target against infectious agents.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to isolate and characterize AAH by learning its kinetic mode of action using preferred substrate Adenine and additives estimated through expected product formation Hypoxanthine. Bioassays designed to measure exact Enzyme kinetic parameter Km value through establishing hyperbolic curve of enzyme reaction with the use of exact values of cellular quantities for IC50 application under experimental conditions devised by presteady state approach for SSA validity.

Methods:
Following saturation kinetic, the plot of hyperbolic equilibrium curve developed using initial rates of product formation as a function of [Si] through forward shift under circumstance dG0 the system allows product and reactant favored reactions in relation to[Ef]1≈[E=KM] until complete saturation and estimates Km and Vmax of enzyme system under applied conditions. M-M equation used to assess experimental initial rate data for estimation of Km on excel using Solver and nonlinear least square coefficient correlation “R2”using logarithmic equation for nonlinear curve assessment.

Results:
UV/Vis spectrophotometer selectively analyzed reacting components confirming Enzyme characteristic reaction constant Km equal toi15.0 ± 2 μ mol acquired from the Hyperbolic curve developed through use of exact [Si] ranges at selected parameter Km and Vmax. The curve assessed by Michaelis Menten equation provide Km value=14.99 μmol and non-linear least square coefficient correlation “R2” value equal to 0.9895,.along with that optimized lysis buffer formulation. In the docked complexes, the interactive amino acids identified were MSE441, ALA 364, GLN363, MSE518, VAL362, GLY517, ASP538, ALA445, TYR521, and TYR444. 2D interactions revealed hydrophobic and alkyl interactions at non-competitive binding site of the enzyme and therefore recommended as a potential inhibitors against 3ICS protein.

Conclusion:
This study encourages biochemical analysis of the novel enzymes with the use of presteady state rationale in association with the computational tools as an effective way of designing drugs in short time against selective enzymes to meet the current challenge efficiently.
Morphological Controlled Synthesis of FeCo Nanoparticles and Their Magnetic Properties
Authors: Kopplu Prathap , Kuchi Rambabu , Kim Dongsoo , Rao Mandava Venkata Basaveswara , Jeong Jong-Ryul , Rao Tentu N. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
Controlled morphological FeCo nanoparticles with different Fe/Co ratios were prepared by a
surfactant-free modified chemical reduction process in the water medium.

Methods:
Polyethylene glycol [PEG 200] was used to protect from areal oxidation of FeCo alloy, and a mixture of
hydrazine, sodium hydroxide was served as the reducing system in this process.

Results:
It was found that the shape of FeCo nanoparticles varied from flakes to cubes according to
the atomic ratio of the metal precursors. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed that the prepared samples
with different compositions got a single-phase body-centered–cubic structured FeCo alloy.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed all
sample's atomic ratios and sizes (FeCo cubes with a size of ~130 nm).

Conclusion:
The vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) measurements reveal that the Fe60Co40 had
the highest magnetization of 208 emu/g among all samples.
Evaluation of Anti-Tumor Potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC4356 Culture Supernatants in MCF-7 Breast Cancer
Authors: Behzadi Ramazan , Hormati Ahmad , Eivaziatashbeik Karim , Ahmadpour Sajjad , Khodadust Fatemeh , Zaboli Fatemeh , Fattahi Esmail , Jahanban-­Esfahlan Rana , Seidi Khaled 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The anti-cancer activity of some lactic acid bacterial strains is well documented in
several kinds of literatures. Lactobacillus strains have received considerable attention as a beneficial microbiota.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of anti-tumor activities of L. acidophilus ATCC4356 culture
supernatants on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.

Materials and Methods:
The anti-cancer effects of 24h and 48h culture supernatants at various concentrations
(1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μg/ml) were determined by various in vitro and in vivo assays including MTT, tumor
volume measurement as well as 99mTc-MIBI biodistribution in MCF-7 tumor bearing nude mice and
histopathology test. For evaluation of the related mechanism of action, quantitative PCR was conducted.

Results:
The 48h culture supernatants at 10 and 20 μg/ml exhibited significant in vitro inhibition of MCF-7 cell
proliferation. However, this inhibition was not observed for HUVEC human endothelial normal cells. Q-PCR
indicated that treatment by the supernatant led to a significant downregulation of VEGFR (~0.009 fold) and Bcl-
2 (~ 0.5 fold) and upregulation of p53 (~ 1.3 fold). In vivo study using MCF-7 xenograft mouse models
demonstrated a reduction in tumor weight and volume by both 24h and 48h supernatants (2 mg/kg) after 15 days.
According to the 99mTc-MIBI biodistribution result, treatment of MCF-7 bearing nude mice with both 24h and
48h supernatant (2mg/kg) led to a significant decrease in tumor uptake compared with the control group.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that the culture supernatants of L. acidophilus ATCC4356 at suitable
concentrations can be considered as a good alternative nutraceutical with promising therapeutic indexes for
breast cancer.
Evaluation of the Binding Affinity of Anti-Viral Drugs against Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2 Through a Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Mondal Milon , Sarkar Chandan , Jamaddar Sarmin , Khalipha Abul B. R. , Islam Muhammad Torequl , Mahafzah Azmi , Mubarak Mohammad S. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life intimidating viral infection caused by a positive
sense RNA virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, named severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARA-CoV-2). Since its outbreak in December 2019, the pandemic has spread to more than 200 countries, infected more than 26 million, and claimed the lives of more than 800,000 people. As a disease, COVID-19 can lead to severe and
occasionally fatal respiratory problems in humans. Infection with this virus is associated with fever, cough, dyspnea, and
muscle aches, and it may progress to pneumonia, multiple organ failure, and death. To date, there is no specific antiviral
treatment against this virus. However, the main viral protease has been recently discovered and it is regarded as an appropriate target for antiviral agents in the search for treatment of COVID-19, due to its pivotal role in polyproteins processing during viral replication.

Aim:
Consequently, this study intends to evaluate the effectiveness of FDA-approved anti-viral drugs against SARA-CoV-2
through a molecular docking study.

Methods:
AutoDock Vina in PyRx platform was used for docking analysis against the main viral protease (Mpro) (PDB ID
6LU7), and Computed Atlas of Surface Topography of proteins (CASTp 3.0) was applied for detecting and characterizing
cavities, pockets, and channels of this protein structure.

Results:
Results revealed that among the conventional antiviral drugs, the protease inhibitors, lopinavir, amprenavir, indinavir, maraviroc, saquinavir, and daclatasvir showed high binding affinity and interacted with amino acid residues of the
binding site.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, protease inhibitors may be effective potential antiviral agents against Mpro to combat SARSCoV-2.
The Overall Design of the Comber Drive Control System
Authors: Wang Xiaobei 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
The cotton textile industry, as a competitive industry in China's international competition, is
confronting new opportunities and challenges brought by the growing process of mechatronics. To further improve the
traditional drive control of combing machines made in China and the automatic level of machines as a whole, some of our
cotton textile enterprises have undertaken necessary technical transformations on the combing machines so as to raise the
operational efficiency and production technology of domestic textile equipments.

Methods:
This paper focuses on the basic status and dynamic characteristics of the drive part of the domestic new comber,
and analyzes the operation process of the comber and the prominent problems from the production practice.

Results:
The technically improved drive control system uses an industrial control computer (IPC) as the core of the
system, which effectively improves the overall working efficiency of the comber, and improves the production accuracy
and production efficiency.

Conclusion:
The combers that are textile machinery equipments with comprehensive application of machines, electricity,
gases and instruments, play a vital role in enhancing product quality and production efficiency. Highly intelligent and
integrated process control, real-time monitoring and accurate data acquisition and data analysis have become the
mainstreams in the development of auto-control. Therefore, the commitment of high technology to transform the
traditional production mode has also been an important research.
A Novel Bi-Key Computational Algorithm for Secure Data Transmission
in Smart Meter Environment
Authors: Bagri Dhirendra , Rathore Shashikant 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
Smart grid is an entity which dwells on a network of Energy Transmission with Integrated data
transmission it works for flow of energy and Transmission of data that is generated by the stakeholders and in return it
provides them the required electricity without any hurdles or disturbance. The versatility and integrity of entire network
completely rely on the truthful data which gets floated from variety of distributed users in the network. There is a huge
chance to get attacked through hijacking of smart communication network. Another concern remains raised about unable
to use the existing security algorithm due to the enormous amount of data that gets generated in the distributed
environment. So, these issues facilitate to work on designing the security algorithm for providing better security and better
efficiency in smart meter communication.

Methods:
This paper is presented with proposed model with enhanced security that not just only encrypt the enormous
amount of data but also it does the work of encryption in very less time. The proposed algorithm is based on bi-key
computational algorithm where two different entities are used as keys, with the use of this algorithm the task of finding the
original data gets transformed into NP hard problem.

Results:
The Proposed algorithm is analyzed with existing cryptographic algorithm and found more secure and provide
better performance.

Conclusion:
This paper presents simulated results obtained in MATLAB which Justify the adaptability and acceptability
of proposed algorithms for enormous generated data.