bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Modelling of a Reflection Differential Split-D Eddy Current Probe Scanning Surface Notches
Authors: Mohseni Ehsan , França Demartonne Ramos , Viens Martin , Xie Wen Fang , Xu Baoguang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDifferential eddy current probes are commonly used to detect shallow surface cracks in conductive materials. In recent years, a growing number of research works on their numerical modelling was conducted since the development of analytical or semi-analytical models for such a sensor may be prone to intractable complications. In this paper finite element modelling (FEM) has been employed to simulate the interaction of a reflection differential split-D probe with surface electrical discharge machined (EDM) notches in 3-dimensional (3-D) half-space. In order to attain a better insight into the correct setup of the FEM parameters, a simple multi-turn cylindrical absolute coil has also been modelled. The outcome generated through the simulated scan of this absolute coil over a surface notch in aluminum is validated with existing experimental impedance data taken from the literature. Parameters contributing to reliable FEM simulation results, such as maximum mesh size, mesh distribution, the extent of the surrounding air domain and conductivity of the air are investigated for the 3-D modelling of both absolute and differential probes. This study shows that the simulation results on a commercial reflection differential split-D surface pencil probe closely estimate the experimental measurements of the probe’s impedance variations as it scans three EDM notches having different depths in aluminum. The simulation results, generated by Comsol Multiphysics FEM package (COMSOL I, COMSOL multiphysics reference manual, version 5.3, COMSOL AB, 2018, www.comsol.com), for the cases of absolute and differential probes are checked for their extent of validity.
Comparison of Experimental Measurements of Material Grain Size Using Ultrasound
Authors: Zhang Jie , Song Yongfeng , Li Xiongbing , Zhong ChengHuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMaterial grain size is related to metallic material properties and its elastic behaviour. Measuring and monitoring material grain size in material manufacturing and service is an important topic in measurement field. In this paper, three materials, i.e., aluminium 2014 T6, steel BS970 and copper EN1652, were chosen to represent materials with small, medium and large grain size, respectively. Various techniques of measuring material grain size were demonstrated and compared. These techniques include the measurements from material microstructure images, backscattered ultrasonic grain noise using a conventional transducer, longitudinal wave attenuation using ultrasonic arrays and shear wave attenuation using a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) plate. It is shown that the backscattered ultrasonic noise measurement and material attenuation measurement are complementary. The former is pretty good for weak scattering materials, e.g., aluminium, while the latter for materials with large grains, e.g., steel and copper. Consistent measured grain size from longitudinal and shear wave attenuations in steel and copper suggests that shear wave attenuation can be calculated from the measured longitudinal wave attenuation integrated with Stanke–Kino’s model or Weaver’s model, if there is a difficulty to either excite or capture shear waves in practice. The outcome of the paper expects to provide a further step towards the industrial uptake of these techniques.
SafeMotherMedicine: Aiming to Increase Women’s Empowerment in Use of Medications During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Authors: Heitmann Kristine , Schjøtt Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Approximately 80% of pregnant women use medications. There is a need for evidence based medicines information that provide realistic risk estimates as pregnant and breastfeeding women tend to overestimate the risk of medications. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and future perspectives of an innovative medicines information service aiming to increase empowerment among pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Description
SafeMotherMedicine (SMM) (www.tryggmammamedisin.no) is a Norwegian medicines information service for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Established in 2011, the service was initially web-based only, in contrast to most teratology information services that at the time mainly operated using telephone and/or e-mail.

Assessment
During the last eight years, SMM has provided close to 30,000 answers promoting appropriate medication use among pregnant and breastfeeding women. SMM launched a telephone-service in 2016, however, the annual number of questions received through the web-based service continues to increase.

Conclusion
The service seems to have fulfilled a previously unmet need of evidence-based, individually tailored information about medications to pregnant and breastfeeding women in Norway. SMM empowers the women to make informed decisions regarding medication use in pregnancy and breastfeeding, thus contributing to person-centred medicine. The web-based design of the service may represent the pregnant and breastfeeding women’s preferred way of communication.
What Drives the Premium for Energy-Efficient Apartments – Green Awareness or Purchasing Power?
Authors: Pommeranz Carolin , Steininger Bertram I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe analyze whether lower rents for energy-inefficient apartments reflect tenants’ willingness to pay due to a higher green awareness, purchasing power, or energy consumption costs. Based on a German rental apartment dataset from Q1 2007 to Q1 2019, we use interaction terms for socioeconomic characteristics in a hedonic regression model. We find that rents are lower for apartments with higher energy consumption, even in neighborhoods with lower levels of green awareness. This relationship is stronger in neighborhoods with higher purchasing power, such that communities with low levels of green awareness and high purchasing power show the steepest negative slope for increasing energy consumption (−8.6% from the highest to lowest rating). Thus, the rent-decreasing effect of purchasing power is higher than that of green awareness. Splitting the entire period into smaller windows, we find that the interaction effect of green awareness has emerged in the most recent years (2017–2019). This may be driven by changes in regulation, which have made it easier for tenants to assess the energy consumption before they rent, or by a general increase in green awareness over this period.
Influence of Preheating on Lamellar Gray Cast Iron for Surface Layer Welding applications with Plasma-Transferred Arc Powder and Metal Inert Gas Welding Processes with Duplex Steel as Filler Material
Authors: Reisgen U. , Oechsner M. , Sharma R. , Ellermeier J. , Andersohn G. , Engler T. , Zokoll E. , Heider B. , Gonzalez Olivares E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe good capacity of gray cast iron for the manufacture of complex geometry components is widely recognized, but its low resistance to corrosion and low weldability complicate the use of this material for some industrial applications. The corrosion resistance can be improved by metallic surface layers using welding processes with low percentages of dilution between the filler and base material. However, the welding processes impose very high heat load on the base material, which in the case of cast iron could promote the formation of hard and brittle microstructures, facilitating the formation of cracks. This work deals with weld beads of duplex steel on lamellar gray cast iron made either by plasma-transferred arc powder (PTA-P) or by metal inert gas (MIG) using the cold metal transfer (CMT) technology, with emphasis on achieving low dilution, hardness and imperfections (internal porosities). Preheating was used to reduce the hardness in the heat-affected zone, while different levels of helium were added in the shielding gas to study its effect on the geometry and hardness of the weld beads. The results showed that the PTA-P process resulted in lower values of dilution and hardness because of a low cooling rate compared to that of the MIG-CMT process. In addition, it was observed that preheating the base material reduced the hardness of the heat-affected zone but increased the dilution of the weld bead.
Ethnic Disparities in Use of Bariatric Surgery in the USA: the Experience of Native Americans
Authors: Al-Sumaih Ibrahim , Nguyen Nga , Donnelly Michael , Johnston Brian , Khorgami Zhamak , O’Neill Ciaran 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeTo examine disparities in use of bariatric surgery in the USA with particular focus on the experience of Native Americans.Materials and MethodsMultivariable logistic regression models were applied to the hospital discharge HCUP-NIS dataset (2008–2016) in order to examine the influence of ethnicity in use of bariatric surgery while controlling for aspects of need, predisposing and enabling factors. Separate models investigated disparities in length of stay, cost and discharge to healthcare facility among patient episodes for bariatric surgery.ResultsFull data for 1,729,245 bariatric surgery eligible participants were extracted from HCUP-NIS. The odds of Native Americans receiving bariatric surgery compared to White Americans were 0.67 (95% CI, 0.62–0.73) in a model unadjusted for covariates; 0.65 (95% CI, 0.59–0.71) in a model adjusted for demography and insurance; 0.59 (95% CI, 0.54–0.64) in a model adjusted for clinical variables; and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.66–0.79) in a model adjusted for demographic, insurance types and clinical variables. Native Americans who underwent surgery had significantly shorter lengths of stay, lower healthcare expenditures and lower likelihood of discharge to other healthcare facilities relative to White Americans (controlling for covariates).ConclusionOur study, the first study to examine this subject, showed apparent variations in receipt of bariatric surgery between Native Americans and White Americans even after a range of covariates were controlled. In addition, Native Americans have shorter lengths of stay and significantly lower expenditures.
Preoperative frailty parameters as predictors for outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: van Mourik M. S. , Velu J. F. , Lanting V. R. , Limpens J. , Bouma B. J. , Piek J. J. , Baan J. , Henriques J. P. S. , Vis M. M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGuidelines suggest using frailty characteristics in the work-up for a transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). There are many frailty-screening tools with different components. The prognostic value of the individual parameters in frailty is as yet unclear. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to find and pool predictors for 1‑year mortality after TAVI. We followed a two-step approach. First, we searched for randomised controlled trials on TAVI to identify frailty parameters used in these studies. Second, we searched for publications on these frailty parameters. Articles were included for pooled analysis if the studied frailty parameters were dichotomised with clear cut-off values based on common standards or clinical practice and reported adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 1‑year mortality after TAVI. We calculated pooled effect estimates of 49 studies based on dichotomised frailty scores (HR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.57–3.00), chronic lung disease (HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.45–1.70), estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/min (HR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.68–2.29), body mass index <20 kg/m2 (HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.09–2.03), hypoalbuminaemia (HR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.38–2.25), anaemia (HR: 2.08, 95% CI: 0.93–4.66), low gait speed (HR: 13.33, 95% CI: 1.75–101.49) and Katz activities of daily living (ADL) score of 1 or more deficits (HR: 5.16, 95% CI: 0.77–34.47). Chronic lung disease, chronic kidney disease, underweight, hypoalbuminaemia, a low frailty score, anaemia, low gait speed and an ADL deficiency were associated with worse 1‑year outcomes after TAVI.
Rising temperatures advance the main flight period of Bombus bumblebees in agricultural landscapes of the Central European Plain
Authors: Pawlikowski Tadeusz , Sparks Tim H. , Olszewski Piotr , Pawlikowski Krzysztof , Rutkowski Lucjan , Jakubowski Rafał 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study examined shifts over a 35-year period in the phenology of the four most important bumblebee species (Bombus terrestris,B. lapidarius,B. pascuorumandB. hortorum) in Central Europe. The species showed similar temporal trends, significantly advancing components of their main flight period in association with rising temperatures such that, for example, mid-dates of the main flight period advanced by 10–23 days over the study period. Drivers of this change differed between the four species. Trends in, and drivers of, the timing of first queens, first workers and first males were less consistent. Aspects of the phenology of the least common species,B. hortorum, were up to a month earlier than the other species and climatic effects less clear cut. There were some suggestions of differences between species trends. These results stress the importance of considering changes and drivers of change for theBombusfamily on a species-specific basis with the need to pay more attention to the life history traits of the study organisms.
Pathological laughing and psychotic disorder: the medical evaluation of the Joker
Authors: Demas Alexis , Tillot David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the psychological thriller film Joker, released in 2019 and starring Joaquin Phoenix in the first role, another possible origin story for this iconic character is reported. Above all, it brings us medical elements for the understanding of the development of this complex character. Contrary to other interpretations, we discover a lonely, timid and uncharismatic man (Arthur Fleck). He seems to be suffering from psychobehavioral disorders and seems depressed. There is a strangeness in his behavior along with social withdrawal. He suffers from fits of laughter that occur at socially inappropriate times. He also suffers from psychotic symptoms with visual delusions. We learn through the film that he was a beaten child, psychologically and physically abused with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The uncontrollable outbursts of laughter, behavioral and psychotic disorders followed these elements. As a neurologist, I was intrigued by these symptoms. I have explored the neuropsychiatric symptoms complicating TBI from which he seems to suffer and which have been reported in the literature. We can assume that the Joker is suffering from neuropsychiatric sequelae related to childhood TBI involving the frontotemporal regions and, in particular, the lateral aspect of the left frontal lobe. The movie Joker has medical significance and covers social aspects of medicine and health care. First, it allows us to discuss whether psychotic disorder due to TBI should be considered a neurobiological syndrome. More broadly, albeit fictitious, it asks us about the management of patients with neuropsychiatric illness, which is a public health problem. It also reminds us that semiological descriptions of patients with neuropsychiatric disorders have served as inspiration for many authors.
Inflatable Penile Prosthesis in the Ambulatory Surgical Setting: Outcomes From a Large Urological Group Practice
Authors: Weinberg Aaron C. , Siegelbaum Marc H. , Lerner Brad D. , Schwartz Blair C. , Segal Robert L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The definitive treatment for erectile dysfunction is the surgical implantation of a penile prosthesis, of which the most common type is the 3-piece inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) device. IPP surgery in outpatient freestanding ambulatory surgical centers (ASC) is becoming more prevalent as payers and health systems alike look to reduce healthcare costs.

Aim
To evaluate IPP surgical outcomes in an ASC as compared to contemporaneously-performed hospital surgeries.

Methods
A database of all patients undergoing IPP implantation by practitioners in the largest private community urology group practice in the United States, from January 1, 2013 to August 1, 2019, was prospectively compiled and retrospectively reviewed. Cohorts of patients having IPP implantation performed in the hospital vs ASC setting were compared.

Main Outcome Measure
The primary outcome measure was to compare surgical data (procedural and surgical times, need for hospital transfer from ASC) and outcomes (risk for device infection, erosion, and need for surgical revision) between ASC and hospital-based surgery groups.

Results
A total of 923 patients were included for this analysis, with 674 (73%) having ASC-based surgery and 249 (27%) hospital-based, by a total of 33 surgeons. Median procedural (99.5 vs 120 minutes, P &lt; .001) and surgical (68 vs 75 minutes, P &lt; .001) times were significantly shorter in the ASC. While the risk for device erosion and need for surgical revision were similar between groups, there was no higher risk for prosthetic infection when surgery was performed in the ASC (1.7% vs 4.4% [hospital], P = .02), corroborated by logistic regression analysis (odds ratio 0.39, P = .03). The risk for postoperative transfer of an ASC patient to the hospital was low (0.45%). The primary reason for mandated hospital-based surgery was medical (51.4%), though requirement as a result of insurance directive (39.7%) was substantial.

Clinical Implications
IPP implantation in the ASC is safe, has similar outcomes compared to hospital-based surgery with a low risk for need for subsequent hospital transfer.

Strengths & Limitations
The strengths of this study include the large patient population in this analysis as well as the real-world nature of our practice. Limitations include the retrospective nature of the review as well as the potential for residual confounding.

Conclusion
ASC-based IPP implantation is safe, with shorter surgical and procedural times compared to those cases performed in the hospital setting, with similar functional outcomes. These data suggest no added benefit to hospital-based surgery in terms of prosthetic infection risk.
Multicenter Experience Using Collagen Fleece for Plaque Incision with Grafting to Correct Residual Curvature at the Time of Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Placement in Patients with Peyronie's Disease
Authors: Hatzichristodoulou Georgios , Yang David Y. , Ring Joshua D. , Hebert Kevin J. , Ziegelman Matthew J. , Köhler Tobias S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Adjuvant maneuvers are often necessary to correct residual curvature during inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) placement in patients with Peyronie's disease (PD).

Aim
We present our multicenter experience using collagen fleece as graft material for plaque incision and grafting (PIG) during IPP placement in patients with moderate to severe PD.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 51 patients with IPP from 3 sites who underwent PIG with Tachosil (Baxter, IL) collagen fleece. Coloplast (Minneapolis, MN) IPP devices were used. Factors associated with residual curvature, revision, and patient satisfaction were performed using chi-squared analysis.

Outcomes
We evaluated postoperative outcomes including factors associated with residual curvature, revision, and patient satisfaction.

Results
The mean compound curvature was 69.6°. The mean follow-up was 10.6 (range 1–38) months. All patients reported erections sufficient for penetrative intercourse at the last follow-up. Residual curvature &lt;15° was noted in 6 of 51 (12%) patients. 3 patients required device revision. 2 patients experienced temporary glanular paresthesia, and no patients experienced device infection.

Clinical Implications
In our multicenter study, patients experienced substantial curve correction with minimal complications, and in the few patients who had persistent mild curvature, severe preoperative curvature (&gt;60°) was found to be the only risk factor.

Strengths & Limitations
Our study represents the largest series of patients coming from multiple centers undergoing surgical correction of PD with IPP and collagen fleece grafting. Limitations of this study include the retrospective study design, lack of a comparison group, and modest follow-up.

Conclusion
PIG using collagen fleece is a safe and effective means of correcting residual curvature after IPP placement in patients with moderate to severe PD.
Reclaiming Relationality through the Logic of the Gift and Vulnerability
Authors: Gagnon-Bouchard Laurie , Ranger Camille 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article addresses the conditions that are necessary for non-Indigenous people to learn from Indigenous people, more specifically from women and feminists. As non-Indigenous scholars, we first explore the challenges of epistemic dialogue through the example of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). From there, through the concept of mastery, we examine the social and ontological conditions under which settler subjectivities develop. As demonstrated by Julietta Singh and Val Plumwood, the logic of mastery—which has legitimated the oppression and exploitation of Indigenous peoples—has been reproduced in academia, leaving almost no room for Indigenous knowledge and epistemes. In the same vein, Sámi scholar Rauna Kuokkanen reclaims and suggests the logic of the gift as a means to render academia more hospitable to Indigenous peoples and epistemes. In our view, reclaim(ing) as a concept-practice is a promising way to disrupt colonial, racist, and sexist power relations. Thus, we in turn propose to reclaim vulnerability as defined by Judith Butler in order to deconstruct masterful settler subjectivities and reconstruct relational ones instead. As theorized by Erinn Gilson, we propose epistemic vulnerability to imagine the conditions of our learning from Indigenous peoples and philosophies.
Perioperative antimicrobial decision making: Focused ethnography study in orthopedic and cardiothoracic surgeries in an Australian hospital
Authors: Peel Trisha N. , Watson Eliza , Cairns Kelly , Lam Ho Yin (Ashley) , Li Heidi Zhangrong , Ravindran Ganan , Seneviratne Jayan , Daly David , Liew Susan , McGiffin David , Myles Paul , Ayton Darshini 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective:Antimicrobial use in the surgical setting is common and frequently inappropriate. Understanding the behavioral context of antimicrobial use is a critical step to developing stewardship programs.Design:In this study, we employed qualitative methodologies to describe the phenomenon of antimicrobial use in 2 surgical units: orthopedic surgery and cardiothoracic surgery.Setting:This study was conducted at a public, quaternary, university-affiliated hospital.Participants:Healthcare professionals from the 2 surgical unit teams participated in the study.Methods:We used focused ethnographic and face-to-face semi-structured interviews to observe antimicrobial decision-making behaviors across the patient’s journey from the preadmission clinic to the operating room to the postoperative ward.Results:We identified 4 key themes influencing decision making in the surgical setting. Compartmentalized communication (theme 1) was observed with demarcated roles and defined pathways for communication (theme 2). Antimicrobial decisions in the operating room were driven by the most senior members of the team. These decisions, however, were delegated to more junior members of staff in the ward and clinic environment (theme 3). Throughout the patient’s journey, communication with the patient about antimicrobial use was limited (theme 4).Conclusions:Approaches to decision making in surgery are highly structured. Although this structure appears to facilitate smooth flow of responsibility, more junior members of the staff may be disempowered. In addition, opportunities for shared decision making with patients were limited. Antimicrobial stewardship programs need to recognize the hierarchal structure as well as opportunities to engage the patient in shared decision making.