bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen fluence in Genesis collectors: Implications for acceleration of solar wind and for solar metallicity
Authors: Huss Gary R. , Koeman‐Shields Elizabeth , Jurewicz Amy J. G. , Burnett Donald S. , Nagashima Kazuhide , Ogliore Ryan , Olinger Chad T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNASA's Genesis mission was flown to capture samples of the solar wind and return them to the Earth for measurement. The purpose of the mission was to determine the chemical and isotopic composition of the Sun with significantly better precision than known before. Abundance data are now available for noble gases, magnesium, sodium, calcium, potassium, aluminum, chromium, iron, and other elements. Here, we report abundance data for hydrogen in four solar wind regimes collected by the Genesis mission (bulk solar wind, interstream low‐energy wind, coronal hole high‐energy wind, and coronal mass ejections). The mission was not designed to collect hydrogen, and in order to measure it, we had to overcome a variety of technical problems, as described herein. The relative hydrogen fluences among the four regimes should be accurate to better than ±5–6%, and the absolute fluences should be accurate to ±10%. We use the data to investigate elemental fractionations due to the first ionization potential during acceleration of the solar wind. We also use our data, combined with regime data for neon and argon, to estimate the solar neon and argon abundances, elements that cannot be measured spectroscopically in the solar photosphere.
We just estimated twenty million fiscal multipliers
Authors: Čapek Jan , Crespo Cuaresma Jesús 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe analyse the role played by data and specification choices as determinants of the size of the fiscal multipliers obtained using structural vector autoregressive models. The results, based on over twenty million fiscal multipliers estimated for European countries, indicate that many seemingly harmless modelling choices have a significant effect on the size and precision of fiscal multiplier estimates. In addition to the structural shock identification strategy, these modelling choices include the definition of spending and taxes, the national accounts system employed, the use of particular interest rates or inflation measures, or whether data are smoothed prior to estimation. The cumulative effects of such arguably innocuous methodological choices can lead to a change in the spending multipliers of as much as 0.4 points.
One‐Step Reconstruction with a Novel Suspended, Modular, and 3D‐Printed Total Sacral Implant Resection of Sacral Giant Cell Tumor with Preservation of Bilateral S1–3 Nerve Roots via a Posterior‐Only Approach
Authors: Lv Zhao‐rui , Li Zhen‐feng , Yang Zhi‐ping , Li Xin , Yang Qiang , Li Ka , Li Jianmin 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of spinopelvic reconstruction based on a novel suspended, modular, and 3D‐printed total sacral implant after total piecemeal resection of a sacral giant cell tumor (SGCT) with the preservation of bilateral S1–3 nerve roots via a posterior‐only approach.MethodsFive patients who had undergone total piecemeal resection of SGCT involving upper sacral segments (S1 and S2) and the midline with the preservation of bilateral S1–3 nerve roots via a posterior‐only approach between September 2017 and July 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. A novel suspended, modular, and 3D‐printed total sacral implant had been used for reconstruction. This series included two female and three male patients, with a mean age of 42.2 years (range, 31–53 years). Surgical time, blood loss, complications, preoperative and postoperative neurological function, instrumentation failure, and local control were presented and analyzed.ResultsAll patients underwent the operation without death or serious complications. The implant was installed on the defect, connecting the ilium and lumbar vertebrae, and fixed with a screw–rod system up to the level of L3–4 or L4–5. The mean operative time was 502 min (range, 360–640 min) and the mean operative blood loss 4400 mL (range, 3000–7000 mL). The mean follow‐up was 15 months. After the operation, pain was significantly relieved, and the patients resumed walking as early as 2 weeks later. The patients showed no neurogenic bladder dysfunction and no fecal incontinence or gait disturbance. Wound healing was poor in one patient. Patients recovered well without evidence of local recurrence. No implant failures or related clinical symptoms were detected during follow up. Satisfactory bone ingrowth and osseointegration at the bone‐implant junctions was found in follow‐up CT.ConclusionAlthough technically challenging, it is feasible and safe to use a suspended, modular, and 3D‐printed implant for reconstruction after total piecemeal resection with the preservation of bilateral S1–3 nerve roots in patients with SGCT. We believe that this implant can be applied to sacral reconstruction in a wide variety of diseases.
Pulmonary vein antral isolation causes depolarization of vein sleeves: Implications for the assessment of isolation
Authors: Saluja Deepak , Pagan Eric , Maglione Theodore , Kassotis John , Kostis William J. , Coromilas James 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposePulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation has been shown to result in inexcitability of a large fraction of pulmonary veins (PVs), but the mechanism is unknown. We investigated the mechanism of PV inexcitability by assessing the effects of PVI on the electrophysiology of PV sleeves.MethodsPatients undergoing first‐time radiofrequency PVI were studied. Capture threshold, effective refractory period (ERP), and excitability were measured in PVs and the left atrial appendage (LAA) before and after ablation. Adenosine was used to assess both transient reconnection and transient venous re‐excitability.ResultsWe assessed 248 veins among 67 patients. Mean PV ERP (249.7 ± 54.0 ms) and capture threshold (1.4 ± 1.6 mA) increased to 300.5 ± 67.1 and 5.7 ± 5.6 mA, respectively (P < .0001 for both) in the 26.9% PVs that remained excitable, but no change was noted in either measure in the LAA. In 16.3% of the 73.1% inexcitable veins, transient PV re‐excitability (as opposed to reconnection) was seen with adenosine administration.ConclusionsAntral PVI causes inexcitability in a majority of the PVs, which can transiently be restored in some with adenosine. Among PVs that remain excitable, ERP and capture threshold increase significantly. These data imply resting membrane potential depolarization of the of PV myocardial sleeves. As PV inexcitability hampers the assessment of entrance and exit block, demonstrating transient PV re‐excitability during adenosine administration helps ensure true isolation.
Cavotricuspid isthmus is constantly a zone of slow conduction: Data from ultra‐high‐resolution mapping
Authors: Bun Sok‐Sithikun , Lațcu Decebal Gabriel , Wedn Ahmed Mostfa , Squara Fabien , Scarlatti Didier , Theodore Guillaume , Al Amoura Alaa , Benaïch Fatima Azzahrae , Hasni Karim , Saoudi Nadir , Ferrari Emile 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhether cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) is a region of conduction slowing during typical flutter has been discussed with conflicting results in the literature.We aimed to evaluate conduction velocity (CV) along the different portions of the typical flutter circuit with a recently proposed method by means of ultra‐high‐resolution (UHR) mapping.MethodsConsecutive patients referred for typical atrial flutter (AFL) ablation underwent UHR mapping (Rhythmia, Boston Scientific). CVs were measured in the CTI as well as laterally and septally, respectively, from its lateral and septal borders.ResultsA total of 33 patients (mean age: 65 ± 13 years; right atrial volume: 134 ± 57 mL) were mapped either during ongoing counterclockwise (n = 25), or clockwise (n = 3) AFL (mean cycle length: 264 ± 38 ms), or during coronary sinus pacing at 400 ms (n = 1), 500 ms (n = 1), or 600 ms (n = 3). A total of 13 671 ± 7264 electrograms were acquired in 14 ± 9 min. CTI CV was significantly lower (0.56 ± 0.18 m/s) in comparison with the lateral CV (1.31 ± 0.29 m/s; P < .0001) and the septal border CV of the CTI (1.29 ± 0.31 m/s; P < .0001).ConclusionUHR mapping confirmed that CTI CV was systematically twice lower than atrial conduction velocities outside the CTI.
Hepatitis B virus reactivation in kidney transplant patients with resolved hepatitis B virus infection: Risk factors and the safety and efficacy of preemptive therapy
Authors: Mei Takanori , Noguchi Hiroshi , Hisadome Yu , Kaku Keizo , Nishiki Takehiro , Okabe Yasuhiro , Nakamura Masafumi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is associated with complications and adverse outcomes in patients with clinically resolved HBV infection who are seronegative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag), and seropositive for hepatitis B core antibody (HBc Ab) and/or hepatitis B surface antibody (HBs Ab) before kidney transplantation (KT).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 52 patients with resolved HBV infection who were HBV‐DNA negative. HBV‐DNA after KT was evaluated, and the occurrence of HBV reactivation and outcomes were monitored. We defined HBV reactivation as seropositivity for HBV‐DNA at or above the minimal detection level of 1.0 log IU/mL and treated preemptively (using entecavir) when the HBV‐DNA level was at or above 1.3 log IU/mL, in accordance with the Japanese Guidelines for HBV treatment.ResultsAmong the 52 patients, the mean age was 57.2 ± 10.8 years. The median HBc Ab titer was 12.8 (interquartile range, 4.6‐42.6) cutoff index, and five (9.6%) cases of HBV reactivation occurred. No patients developed graft loss and died due to HBV reactivation. Statistical analysis showed that age and HBc Ab titer were significant risk factors for HBV reactivation (P = .037 and P = .042, respectively). No significant differences were found between graft survival and the presence or absence of HBV reactivation.ConclusionThese results suggest that HBc Ab titer and age could be significant risk factors for HBV reactivation. Resolution of HBV infection did not appear to be associated with patient or graft survival, regardless of whether HBV reactivation occurred, when following our preemptive strategy.
On the Unsteady Wake of a Rigid Plate Under Constant Acceleration and Deceleration
Authors: Mao Zhongyu , Jin Yaqing , Wang Zhengwei , Chamorro Leonardo P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLaboratory experiments are performed to explore distinct features of the unsteady wake induced by a rigid plate undergoing a series of accelerated and decelerated phases in a quiescent water tank. Each plate motion pattern is defined by a constant acceleration from the rest followed by the same magnitude deceleration until rest; i.e., both of them lasting the same time interval. Flow statistics are obtained for various plate acceleration/deceleration motions in a plane normal to the plate span using particle image velocimetry. Results revealed that the relative near-wake bulk flow underwent acceleration during 75% of the plate cycle; the associated maximum velocity was reached approximately at the middle of the deceleration phase in all the cases. Transversal velocity profiles in the near wake were significantly modulated by the magnitude and sign of the plate acceleration. The dynamics of the large-scale coherent motions shed by the plate was also dependent on plate acceleration pattern. However, the near-wake nondimensional circulation strength reached a plateau roughly at the end of the acceleration phase and was approximately conserved despite the modulation of the deceleration phase. In the early stage of the plate motion, the Lagrangian flow acceleration was dominant; however, the local acceleration dominated at the end of the cycle.
Examining the Impact of Body Satisfaction and Physical Activity Change on Postpartum Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Schlaff Rebecca A. , Baruth Meghan , LaFramboise Faith C. , Deere Samantha J. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Relationships among moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), body satisfaction, and postpartum depressive symptoms are not well understood. The purpose of this study is to examine the (1) impact of postpartum body satisfaction and changes in MVPA on postpartum depressive symptoms and (2) moderating effect of changes in MVPA over time on the relationship between postpartum body satisfaction and depressive symptoms. Methods: Participants (N = 269) self-reported body satisfaction, MVPA (prepregnancy through postpartum), and postpartum depressive symptoms. Differences in MVPA at 3 time points (prepregnancy, third trimester, and postpartum) were calculated to create change scores. Main effects and interactions (body satisfaction × MVPA change) were examined using multiple regression. Results: A majority of the sample did not meet MVPA recommendations at all time points. All body satisfaction measures were inversely related to postpartum depressive symptoms (P = .01 to <.001). MVPA change did not predict postpartum depressive symptoms (P = .43–.90) or moderate the relationship between body satisfaction and postpartum depressive symptoms (P = .14–.94). Conclusions: Given the relationship between postpartum body satisfaction and depressive symptoms, intervention research should include strategies that promote positive postpartum body image; clinicians should consider screening for body dissatisfaction. Although not a predictor or moderator, pregnancy and postpartum MVPA promotion should continue, as it has numerous other benefits.
Degradation of Morpholine by an Environmental
Mycobacterium
Strain Involves a Cytochrome P-450
Authors: Poupin P. , Truffaut N. , Combourieu B. , Besse P. , Sancelme M. , Veschambre H. , Delort A. M. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

A
Mycobacterium
strain (RP1) was isolated from a contaminated activated sludge collected in a wastewater treatment unit of a chemical plant. It was capable of utilizing morpholine and other heterocyclic compounds, such as pyrrolidine and piperidine, as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. The use of in situ
1
H nuclear magnetic resonance (
1
H NMR) spectroscopy allowed the determination of two intermediates in the biodegradative pathway, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)acetate and glycolate. The inhibitory effects of metyrapone on the degradative abilities of strain RP1 indicated the involvement of a cytochrome P-450 in the biodegradation of morpholine. This observation was confirmed by spectrophotometric analysis and
1
H NMR. Reduced cell extracts from morpholine-grown cultures, but not succinate-grown cultures, gave rise to a carbon monoxide difference spectrum with a peak near 450 nm, which indicated the presence of a soluble cytochrome P-450.
1
H NMR allowed the direct analysis of the incubation medium containing metyrapone, a specific inhibitor of cytochrome P-450. The inhibition of morpholine degradation was dependent on the morpholine/metyrapone ratio. The heme-containing monooxygenase was also detected in pyrrolidine- and piperidine-grown cultures. The abilities of different compounds to support strain growth or the induction of a soluble cytochrome P-450 were assayed. The results suggest that this enzyme catalyzes the cleavage of the C—N bond of the morpholine ring.
Purification and Characterization of a Novel Thermostable α-
l
-Arabinofuranosidase from a Color-Variant Strain of
Aureobasidium pullulans
Authors: Saha Badal C. , Bothast Rodney J. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

A color-variant strain of
Aureobasidium pullulans
(NRRL Y-12974) produced α-
l
-arabinofuranosidase (α-
l
-AFase) when grown in liquid culture on oat spelt xylan. An extracellular α-
l
-AFase was purified 215-fold to homogeneity from the culture supernatant by ammonium sulfate treatment, DEAE Bio-Gel A agarose column chromatography, gel filtration on a Bio-Gel A-0.5m column, arabinan-Sepharose 6B affinity chromatography, and SP-Sephadex C-50 column chromatography. The purified enzyme had a native molecular weight of 210,000 and was composed of two equal subunits. It had a half-life of 8 h at 75°C, displayed optimal activity at 75°C and pH 4.0 to 4.5, and had a specific activity of 21.48 μmol · min
−1
· mg
−1
of protein against
p
-nitrophenyl-α-
l
-arabinofuranoside (pNPαAF). The purified α-
l
-AFase readily hydrolyzed arabinan and debranched arabinan and released arabinose from arabinoxylans but was inactive against arabinogalactan. The

K
m

values of the enzyme for the hydrolysis of pNPαAF, arabinan, and debranched arabinan at 75°C and pH 4.5 were 0.26 mM, 2.14 mg/ml, and 3.25 mg/ml, respectively. The α-
l
-AFase activity was not inhibited at all by
l
-arabinose (1.2 M). The enzyme did not require a metal ion for activity, and its activity was not affected by
p
-chloromercuribenzoate (0.2 mM), EDTA (10 mM), or dithiothreitol (10 mM).
Impact of Inoculation Protocols, Salinity, and pH on the Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Survival of PAH-Degrading Bacteria Introduced into Soil
Authors: Kästner Matthias , Breuer-Jammali Maren , Mahro Bernd 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and survival of bacteria in soil was investigated by applying different inoculation protocols. The soil was inoculated with
Sphingomonas paucimobilis
BA 2 and strain BP 9, which are able to degrade anthracene and pyrene, respectively. CFU of soil bacteria and of the introduced bacteria were monitored in native and sterilized soil at different pHs. Introduction with mineral medium inhibited PAH degradation by the autochthonous microflora and by the strains tested. After introduction with water (without increase of the pore water salinity), no inhibition of the autochthonous microflora was observed and both strains exhibited PAH degradation.
Survival in Soil of Different Toluene-Degrading
Pseudomonas
Strains after Solvent Shock
Authors: Huertas María-José , Duque Estrella , Marqués Silvia , Ramos Juan L. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

We assayed the tolerance to solvents of three toluene-degrading
Pseudomonas putida
strains and
Pseudomonas mendocina
KR1 in liquid and soil systems.
P. putida
DOT-T1 tolerated concentrations of heptane, propylbenzene, octanol, and toluene of at least 10% (vol/vol), while
P. putida
F1 and EEZ15 grew well in the presence of 1% (vol/vol) propylbenzene or 10% (vol/vol) heptane, but not in the presence of similar concentrations of octanol or toluene.
P. mendocina
KR1 grew only in the presence of heptane. All three
P. putida
strains were able to become established in a fluvisol soil from the Granada, Spain, area, whereas
P. mendocina
KR1 did not survive in this soil. The tolerance to organic solvents of all three
P. putida
strains was therefore assayed in soil. The addition to soil of 10% (vol/wt) heptane or 10% (vol/wt) propylbenzene did not affect the survival of the three
P. putida
strains. However, the addition of 10% (vol/wt) toluene led to an immediate decrease of several log units in the number of CFU per gram of soil for all of the strains, although
P. putida
F1 and DOT-T1 subsequently recovered. This recovery was influenced by the humidity of the soil and the incubation temperature.
P. putida
DOT-T1 recovered from the shock faster than
P. putida
F1; this allowed the former strain to become established at higher densities in polluted sites into which both strains had been introduced.
The Sequence of Spacers between the Consensus Sequences Modulates the Strength of Prokaryotic Promoters
Authors: Jensen Peter Ruhdal , Hammer Karin 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

We constructed a library of synthetic promoters for
Lactococcus lactis
in which the known consensus sequences were kept constant while the sequences of the separating spacers were randomized. The library consists of 38 promoters which differ in strength from 0.3 up to more than 2,000 relative units, the latter among the strongest promoters known for this organism. The ranking of the promoter activities was somewhat different when assayed in
Escherichia coli
, but the promoters are efficient for modulating gene expression in this bacterium as well. DNA sequencing revealed that the weaker promoters (which had activities below 5 relative units) all had changes either in the consensus sequences or in the length of the spacer between the −35 and −10 sequences. The promoters in which those features were conserved had activities from 5 to 2,050 U, which shows that by randomizing the spacers, at least a 400-fold change in activity can be obtained. Interestingly, the entire range of promoter activities is covered in small steps of activity increase, which makes these promoters very suitable for quantitative physiological studies and for fine-tuning of gene expression in industrial bioreactors and cell factories.
Cloning and Characterization of Two Pyruvate Decarboxylase Genes from
Pichia stipitis
CBS 6054
Authors: Lu Ping , Davis Brian P. , Jeffries Thomas W. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

In
Pichia stipitis
, fermentative and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) activities increase with diminished oxygen rather than in response to fermentable sugars. To better characterize
PDC
expression and regulation, two genes for PDC (
PsPDC1
and
PsPDC2
) were cloned and sequenced from
P. stipitis
CBS 6054. Aside from
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, from which three PDC genes have been characterized,
P. stipitis
is the only organism from which multiple genes for PDC have been identified and characterized.
PsPDC1
and
PsPDC2
have diverged almost as far from one another as they have from the next most closely related known yeast gene.
PsPDC1
contains an open reading frame of 1,791 nucleotides encoding 597 amino acids.
PsPDC2
contains a reading frame of 1,710 nucleotides encoding 570 amino acids. An 81-nucleotide segment in the middle of the β domain of
PsPDC1
codes for a unique segment of 27 amino acids, which may play a role in allosteric regulation. The 5′ regions of both
P. stipitis
genes include two putative TATA elements that make them similar to the PDC genes from
S. cerevisiae
,
Kluyveromyces marxianus
, and
Hanseniaspora uvarum.
Secondary Metabolite- and Endochitinase-Dependent Antagonism toward Plant-Pathogenic Microfungi of
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Isolates from Sugar Beet Rhizosphere
Authors: Nielsen Mette Neiendam , Sørensen Jan , Fels Johannes , Pedersen Hans Christian 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Forty-seven isolates representing all biovars of
Pseudomonas fluorescens
(biovars I to VI) were collected from the rhizosphere of field-grown sugar beet plants to select candidate strains for biological control of preemergence damping-off disease. The isolates were tested for in vitro antagonism toward the plant-pathogenic microfungi
Pythium ultimum
and
Rhizoctonia solani
in three different plate test media. Mechanisms of fungal inhibition were elucidated by tracing secondary-metabolite production and cell wall-degrading enzyme activity in the same media. Most biovars expressed a specific mechanism of antagonism, as represented by a unique antibiotic or enzyme production in the media. A lipopeptide antibiotic, viscosinamide, was produced independently of medium composition by
P. fluorescens
bv. I, whereas the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol was observed only in glucose-rich medium and only in
P. fluorescens
bv. II/IV. Both pathogens were inhibited by the two antibiotics. Finally, in low-glucose medium, a cell wall-degrading endochitinase activity in
P. fluorescens
bv. I, III, and VI was the apparent mechanism of antagonism toward
R. solani
. The viscosinamide-producing DR54 isolate (bv. I) was shown to be an effective candidate for biological control, as tested in a pot experiment with sugar beet seedlings infested with
Pythium ultimum
. The assignment of different patterns of fungal antagonism to the biovars of
P. fluorescens
is discussed in relation to an improved selection protocol for candidate strains to be used in biological control.