bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing physical activity knowledge exchange strategies for Canadian long-haul truck drivers
Authors: Gorczynski Paul F. , Edmunds Sarah , Lowry Ruth 
Published: February 2020

PurposeCanadian long-haul truck drivers lead sedentary lives, but are receptive to receiving physical activity information to address health risks. This study examined how Canadian long-haul truck drivers would like to receive physical activity information in order to improve their overall health. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) explore barriers Canadian long-haul truck drivers have to receiving and using physical activity information and 2) understand how physical activity information should be structured and delivered to these drivers to overcome these barriers.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 Canadian long-haul truck drivers. Drivers had, on average, 14.3 years of professional long-haul driving experience.FindingsFew drivers had received any physical activity information. Drivers discussed a culture where they perceived both employers and drivers to be lacking awareness of the importance of physical activity and its impact on health. Drivers explained they were too busy, stressed or tired to be active or to learn about physical activity. Information received by some drivers on this topic was too general to be helpful in changing physical activity behaviours. Drivers mentioned that personalized and accessible physical activity information should be provided to them through multiple methods by their employers, as an aspect of occupational health and safety.Practical implicationsFuture physical activity information strategies should use both passive and interactive mediums to promote physical activity to Canadian long-haul truck drivers.Originality/valueThis is the first study to assess how Canadian long-haul truck drivers would like to receive trustworthy information that can lead to healthful improvements in physical activity behaviour.
An empirical evaluation of interpersonal deception theory in a real-world, high-stakes environment
Authors: Thomas Joseph York , Biros David P. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The study of deception and the theories, which have been developed have relied heavily on laboratory experiments in controlled environments, using American college students participating in mock scenarios. The purpose of this paper is to validate previous deception detection research in a real-world, high stakes environment where the unit of analysis is the question–response pair.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used previously confirmed linguistic and paralinguistic speech cues and the constructs of deception in an attempt to validate a leading deception theory, interpersonal deception theory (IDT). A combination of descriptive and predictive analysis was conducted to best understand the relationship between speech cues and changes in the subjects’ behavior.

Findings
The result validates IDT with mixed results on individual measures and their constructs. However, there is clear evidence across the 711 question-response pairs that not only was it possible to differentiate truth from deceptive behavior but also patterns of behavior can be seen over time.

Research limitations/implications
Because of the real-world nature of the study, it is difficult to generalize the results to a larger population. However, one implication for future research is the development of methods to capture, process and prepare raw speech into data ready for analysis.

Originality/value
This paper attempts to fill the gap between the controlled mock scenarios and the harsh reality of real-world deception.
Swipe right on personality: a mobile response latency measure
Authors: Weidner Nathan W. , Landers Richard N. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeWhile high-stakes mobile assessment is increasing, researchers have done little to adapt traditional assessments to this new medium. The present study developed and tested a new response method for personality assessment using a mobile-first gamification design paradigm.Design/methodology/approachParticipants used smartphones to “swipe” right or left to indicate agreement or disagreement with Goldberg's (1992) Big Five adjective indicators. These scores were correlated with responses to a Likert-type measure and participants provided reactions to both measures.FindingsEach of the swipe-based measures was found to be a reliable and valid predictor of the corresponding dimensions measured using the Likert-type scale. Reactions to the swipe measure were mixed when compared to a traditional Likert-type measure. Response latencies of swipes were used as an indicator of self-schema beliefs. Transformed latency scores contributed incremental variance to the prediction of Likert responses beyond the dichotomous responses alone for some personality dimensions.Research limitations/implicationsConvergent validity between the two measures was likely attenuated due to differences in scales, response methods, devices, connection speeds, and social desirability effects indicating that the present results may constitute a lower-bound estimate of convergent validity between the two measurement styles.Practical implicationsDesigning assessments for mobile administration requires balancing trade-offs in speed, ease of use, and number of items relative to the reliability and validity of the measures.Originality/valueMobile-first designs such as swipe-based responses show potential to enhance future mobile assessment practices with further development.
Down‐regulation of FOXR2 inhibits hypoxia‐driven ROS‐induced migration and invasion of thyroid cancer cells via regulation of the hedgehog pathway
Authors: Liao Chong‐Wu , Zheng Chen , Wang Le 
Published: February 2020

AbstractForkhead box R2 (FOXR2), a new member of the FOX family, is involved in a wide range of biological processes such as embryogenesis, differentiation, transformation and metabolic homeostasis. Recently, FOXR2 has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancers and correlated with cancer development. However, the specific role of FOXR2 in thyroid cancer (TC) remains unclear. In this study, we showed that FOXR2 was highly expressed in TC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, down‐regulation of FOXR2 inhibited hypoxia‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and migration/invasion of TC cells. We also found that the hedgehog pathway was responsible for the partial mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect. Taken together, these findings indicated that down‐regulation of FOXR2 inhibits hypoxia‐driven ROS‐induced migration and invasion of TC cells via regulation of the hedgehog pathway. Thus, FOXR2 may hold great potential for TC treatment.
The signal is clear: It's noisy in the emergency department
Authors: Fatovich Daniel M 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEDs are noisy and the noise levels exceed regulatory recommendations. Noise distracts us during any task and can saturate our attentional demand and impair our thinking and decision‐making. This is a systematic problem that is consistently ignored by accreditation bodies. Many of our patients are vulnerable to the adverse impact of noise including the elderly, people with mental health problems, migraine and those with sensory impairments. Our noise levels are equivalent to a noisy restaurant. When noise levels are reduced, staff report less stress and better work conditions. Noise is a patient safety issue, as excessive noise impairs good communication, which is essential for patient care. Good acoustic design and management is achievable, but needs to be explicitly assessed as a part of accreditation standards. This would promote wellness for both patients and staff.
Benefits of heterospecific aggregation on necromass: influence of temperature, group density, and composition on fitness‐related traits
Authors: Komo Larissa , Hedouin Valéry , Charabidze Damien 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNecrophagous blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) such asCalliphora vicina, a cold‐tolerant species, andLucilia sericata, a warm‐adapted species, are pioneer carrion‐breeder. Although these two species have different temperature preferences, larvae aggregate actively and often feed simultaneously on carrion. The hypothesis to be tested was thatL. sericatabenefits from the association withC. vicinaat lower temperatures (i.e., 15 °C) and thatC. vicinaderives greater benefits from this association at higher temperatures (i.e., 28 °C).Therefore, both species were raised at these two constant temperatures from first instars to adults under three different conditions: monospecific low‐density, monospecific high‐density, and heterospecific high‐density. The time until larval migration, surface area of puparia, and survival rates were determined for each condition.Differences between these fitness‐related traits were found between species, temperatures, group densities, and species compositions. At 28 °C,C. vicinalarvae bred in heterospecific groups migrated significantly earlier and in higher numbers than that under same density conspecific conditions, with a lower mortality rate. At 15 °C, both species benefited from high‐density heterospecific associations, expressed by faster development and larger puparia.In conclusion, necrophagous larvae benefited from heterospecific aggregations at suboptimal temperatures by adapting their migration time to that of the faster species. Since temperature changes throughout the day and over the year, the beneficiary of such a collective association also changes. The costs involved and deviations to the temperature‐size rule highlight the complexity of the carrion ecosystem.
Drinking and responses to antidrinking messages among young adults: An fMRI study
Authors: Garrison Kathleen A. , DeMartini Kelly S. , Corlett Philip R. , Worhunsky Patrick D. , Krystal John H. , O'Malley Stephanie S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractYoung adults consume most of their alcohol by binge drinking, and more than one‐third report binge drinking in the past month. Some will transition out of excessive drinking, while others will maintain or increase alcohol use into adulthood. Public health campaigns depicting negative consequences of drinking have shown some efficacy at reducing this behavior. However, substance use in dependent individuals is governed in part by automatic or habitual responses to drug cues rather than the consequences. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure neural responses to drinking cues and drinking cues paired with antidrinking messages among young adults who binge drink (N = 30). This study also explored responses to smoking cues and antismoking messages. Neural responses were also compared between drinking/smoking and neutral cues. Self‐reported drinking and smoking were collected at baseline, postscan, and 1 month. Results indicate that activity in the ventral striatum—implicated in reward processing—was lower for drinking cues paired with antidrinking messages than drinking cues. This difference was less pronounced in young adults who reported greater baseline past month drinking quantity. Past month drinking quantity decreased from baseline to 1 month. Further, young adults who showed higher activity during antidrinking messages in the medial prefrontal cortex—implicated in processing message self‐relevance— reported a greater decrease in past month drinking frequency from baseline to 1 month. Findings may help to identify young adults who are at risk for continued heavy drinking in adulthood and inform interventions aimed to reduce drinking and reward in young adults.
Multiplying Labour, Multiplying Resistance: Class Composition in Buenos Aires’ Clandestine Textile Workshops
Authors: Clare Nick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBuenos Aires’ talleres clandestinos (clandestine textile workshops) are powerful sites of accumulation and resistance; a complex and communitarian migrant economy. The economy’s complexity is, however, masked by its spatiality, clandestinity, and the promotion of culturalist analyses that ignore intra‐collective class differentials. This paper considers the “autonomy of migration” approach through the lens of “class composition” to explore the talleres’ contours. Witnessed in the talleres is a clear “multiplication of labour”, yet approaching this multiplication compositionally highlights the multiple examples of resistance and refusal immanent to the workshop economy. But this dialectic of control and resistance transcends the workplace, with the talleres one node in a wider, socially reproductive borderscape. By developing a framework that neither condemns nor celebrates economic structures like the talleres, but instead unpacks their antagonistic nature, the paper highlights the benefits of (a) analysing the autonomy of migration approach compositionally, and (b) further geographical engagement with autonomist thinking.
Can postoperative dexamethasone nanoparticle eye drops replace mitomycin C in trabeculectomy?
Authors: Jóhannesson Gauti , Gottfredsdóttir María Soffía , Ásgrimsdóttir Guðrún Marta , Loftsson Thorsteinn , Stefánsson Einar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeCompare (a) nonmitomycin C (MMC) trabeculectomy and 1.5% dexamethasone nanoparticle (DexNP) eye drops postoperatively with (b) trabeculectomy with MMC and Maxidex® eye drops postoperatively.MethodsRandomized prospective single masked clinical trial with 20 patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma undergoing primary trabeculectomy. The study group consisted of 10 patients without MMC intraoperatively and postoperative DexNP eye drops, and the control group consisted of 10 patients treated with MMC intraoperatively and postoperative Maxidex®. The drops were tapered out over 8 weeks. The main outcome measures were as follows: rates of complete success, that is intraocular pressure (IOP) within target pressures at different time‐points without IOP‐lowering medication, or reoperation. Secondary outcome measures included the following: relative success rate (with IOP‐lowering medications), number of glaucoma medications and reoperations. Patients were followed for 36 months.ResultsBoth groups showed similar postoperative course and IOP reduction. Intraocular pressures (IOPs) in the DexNP group and in the control group were 25.6 and 24.4 mmHg, respectively, at baseline. Intraocular pressures (IOPs) were reduced to 13.2 and 14.5 mmHg at 12 months, 11.7 and 12.6 mmHg at 24 months and 11.7 and 12.1 mmHg at 36 months, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in absolute (p = 0.36) or relative (p = 1.0) success rates, number of medications (p = 0.71) or reoperations (p = 1.0) between the groups at any time‐point.ConclusionsDexNP eye drops are effective postoperative treatment following trabeculectomy. The potent anti‐inflammatory and antifibrotic effect of DexNP may offer an alternative to mitomycin C in glaucoma surgery.
Spontaneous hypocarbia without mechanical ventilation in preterm infants with cystic periventricular leukomalacia
Authors: Stenzel Melanie , Stüwe‐Kunz Laura , Bührer Christoph , Roll Claudia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimHypocarbia induced by mechanical ventilation has been considered a main cause of cystic periventricular leukomalacia (cPVL). However, hypocarbia may occur spontaneously in response to intracellular metabolic acidosis. We aimed to assess whether hypocarbia is more common during mechanical respiratory support than during spontaneous ventilation in infants with cPVL.MethodIn this single‐centre, retrospective chart analysis, we compared partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) during the first 96 hours of life in infants with cPVL during endotracheal mechanical ventilation, non‐invasive respiratory support, or without respiratory support.ResultsCystic periventricular leukomalacia was diagnosed in 23 infants born between 2006 and 2017. Gestational age was 24 weeks in two infants and ranged between 28 and 32 weeks in 21 infants. In these 21 infants, pCO2 less than 35 mm Hg during the first 96 ours of life accounted for 9/60 (15%) measurements during endotracheal mechanical ventilation, 16/116 (14%) during non‐invasive respiratory support and 14/42 (33%) in infants without respiratory support (P = .014).ConclusionIn our series of infants with cPVL, hypocarbia was more common without respiratory support than during endotracheal mechanical ventilation and non‐invasive respiratory support. This would suggest that hypocarbia is a symptom rather than a cause of cPVL in these infants.
Improving the prediction of acute myeloid leukaemia outcomes by complementing mutational profiling with ex vivo chemosensitivity
Authors: Onecha Esther , Ruiz‐Heredia Yanira , Martínez‐Cuadrón David , Barragán Eva , Martinez‐Sanchez Pilar , Linares María , Rapado Inmaculada , Perez‐Oteyza Jaime , Magro Elena , Herrera Pilar , Rojas José Luis , Gorrochategui Julián , Villoria Jesús , Boluda Blanca , Sargas Claudia , Ballesteros Joan , Montesinos Pau , Martínez‐López Joaquín , Ayala Rosa 
Published: February 2020

SummaryRefractoriness to induction therapy and relapse after complete remission are the leading causes of death in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). This study focussed on the prediction of response to standard induction therapy and outcome of patients with AML using a combined strategy of mutational profiling by next‐generation sequencing (NGS, n = 190) and ex vivo PharmaFlow testing (n = 74) for the 10 most widely used drugs for AML induction therapy, in a cohort of adult patients uniformly treated according to Spanish PETHEMA guidelines. We identified an adverse mutational profile (EZH2, KMT2A, U2AF1 and/or TP53 mutations) that carries a greater risk of death [hazard ratio (HR): 3·29, P < 0·0001]. A high correlation was found between the ex vivo PharmaFlow results and clinical induction response (69%). Clinical correlation analysis showed that the pattern of multiresistance revealed by ex vivo PharmaFlow identified patients with a high risk of death (HR: 2·58). Patients with mutation status also ran a high risk (HR 4·19), and the risk was increased further in patients with both adverse profiles (HR 4·82). We have developed a new score based on NGS and ex vivo drug testing for AML patients that improves upon current prognostic risk stratification and allows clinicians to tailor treatments to minimise drug resistance.
In the wall lies the truth: a systematic review of diagnostic markers in intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Jabbarli Ramazan , Rauschenbach Laurèl , Dinger Thiemo Florin , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Rodemerk Jan , Pierscianek Daniela , Dammann Philipp , Junker Andreas , Sure Ulrich , Wrede Karsten H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjective: Despite recent advances in molecular biology and genetics, the development of intracranial aneurysms (IA) is still poorly understood. Elucidation of the processes occurring in the IA wall is essential for a better understanding of IA pathophysiology. We sought to analyze the current evidence from histological, molecular and genetic studies of IA. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for articles published before Mar 1, 2019 reporting on different diagnostic markers in human IA specimens. Expression of the markers in IA wall (vs. healthy arterial wall) and association with the rupture status were analyzed. The quality of the included studies and the level of the evidence for the markers were incorporated into the final data assessment. Results: We included 123 studies reporting on analyses of 3476 IA (median 19 IA/study) published between 1966 and 2018. Based on microscopic, biochemical, genetic and biomechanical analyses, data on 358 diagnostic targets in the IA wall were collected. We developed a scale to distribute the diagnostic markers according to their specificity for IA or healthy arterial wall, as well as for ruptured or unruptured IA. We identified different functional pathways, which might reflect the intrinsic and extrinsic processes underlying IA pathophysiology. Conclusions: Multiple histological and molecular markers and the related functional pathways contributing to the development of IA might present promising targets for future therapeutic interventions. Because of small numbers of IA samples in each study, 89% of the analyzed diagnostic markers presented with the lowest level of evidence. This underlines the need for the initiation of a multi‐centric prospective histological IA register for pooled data analysis.
Habitat size thresholds for predators: Why damselflies only occur in large bromeliads
Authors: Srivastava Diane S. , Ware Jessica L. , Ngai Jacqueline T. , Starzomski Brian M. , Amundrud Sarah L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPredators are often more sensitive to habitat size than their prey and frequently occur in only the largest habitats. Four explanations have been proposed for this pattern: (a) Small habitats do not have enough energy to support higher trophic levels; (b) small habitats are less likely to contain particular prey required by specialist predators; (c) small habitats are risky for predators with slow life histories or large body sizes; and (d) small habitats are numerically unlikely to be colonized by regionally rare species, such as predators. We critically examine these four hypotheses in relation to the predatory damselfly larva, Mecistogaster modesta Selys. (Pseudostigmatidae), which occurs almost exclusively in bromeliads > 100ml in capacity. We synthesize multiple years of survey data and three manipulative experiments from the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, to conclude that damselflies do not occur in small bromeliads due to their higher risk of desiccation—not because of energetic limitation, trophic specialization, risk of terrestrial predation, or pure numerical effects. These results suggest that recent and predicted declines in precipitation in northwestern Costa Rica may further restrict bromeliad occupancy by damselflies, with cascading consequences for the rest of the aquatic food web.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Assessing the potential for indirect interactions between tropical tree species via shared insect seed predators
Authors: Downey Harriet , Lewis Owen T. , Bonsall Michael B. , Ward Alan , Gripenberg Sofia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNatural enemies of plants have the potential to influence the dynamics of plant populations and the structure of plant communities. In diverse tropical forests, research on the effects of plant enemies has largely focused on the diversity‐enhancing effects of highly specialized enemies, while the community‐level effects of enemies with broader diets have rarely been considered. We investigated the community of insect seed predators interacting with seven tree species in the family Lauraceae on Barro Colorado Island (Panama). We present one of the first quantitative food webs for pre‐dispersal insect seed predators and their host plants, and use the information in the web to assess the potential for indirect interactions between the tree species. Our data suggest that there is high potential for indirect interactions between Lauraceae species via their shared seed predators. The strength and direction of these interactions are largely unrelated to the phylogenetic distance and trait similarity between species but are likely governed by the volume of fruit produced by each tree species.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.