bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical location and habitat predict variation in prokaryotic community composition of Suberites diversicolor
Authors: Ferreira Marina Rafaela Santos , Cleary Daniel Francis Richard , Coelho Francisco José Riso Costa , Gomes Newton Carlos Marcial , Huang Yusheng M , Polónia Ana Rita Moura , de Voogd Nicole Joy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeMarine lakes are unique habitats that house diverse assemblages of benthic and planktonic organisms including endemic species. In this study, we aimed to assess to what extent geographical location (Berau versus Papua) and the degree of marine lake connectivity (relatively open versus closed) to the surrounding marine environment structures the prokaryotic community composition of the sponge speciesSuberites diversicolor.MethodsSponge specimens were sampled in five marine lakes in Borneo and Papua and one open sea habitat in Taiwan.ResultProkaryotic communities ofS. diversicolorwere dominated by members assigned to the Proteobacteria (particularly Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria) and Cyanobacteria, which together made up from 78 to 87% of sequences in all samples. The dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in most samples, OTUs 1 and 3, were both assigned to the alphaproteobacterial orderRhodospirillaleswith OTU-1 dominant in the marine lakes of Berau and Papua and OTU-3 in Taiwan. OTU-3 was also largely absent from Papuan samples but present in all Berau samples. Compositionally,S. diversicolorsamples clustered according to geographical location with the main axis of variation separating marine lake samples collected in Berau from those collected in Papua and the second axis of variation separating open sea samples collected in Taiwan from all marine lake samples. In addition, our results suggest that the degree of lake connectivity to the open sea also influences prokaryotic composition.ConclusionAlthough previous studies have shown that sponge-associated microbial communities tend to be stable across different geographical and environmental gradients, in the present study, both geography and local environmental conditions were significant predictors of variation in prokaryotic community composition ofS. diversicolor.
Prescription of CRRT: a pathway to optimize therapy
Authors: Karkar Ayman , Ronco Claudio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSevere acute kidney injury (AKI), especially when caused or accompanied by sepsis, is associated with prolonged hospitalization, progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD), financial burden, and high mortality rate. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a predominant form of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to its accurate volume control, steady acid–base and electrolyte correction, and achievement of hemodynamic stability. This manuscript reviews the different aspects of CRRT prescription in critically ill patients with severe AKI, sepsis, and multiorgan failure in ICU. These include the choice of CRRT versus Intermittent and extended hemodialysis (HD), life of the filter/dialyzer including assessment of filtration fraction, anticoagulation including regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA), prescribed versus delivered CRRT dose, vascular access management, timing of initiation and termination of CRRT, and prescription in AKI/sepsis including adsorptive methods of removing endotoxins and cytokines.
Field-testing of a rapid survey method to assess the prevalence and causes of hearing loss in Gao’an, Jiangxi province, China
Authors: Bright Tess , Shan Xin , Xu Jinling , Liang Jianguo , Xiao Baixiang , Ensink Robbert , Mactaggart Islay , Polack Sarah , Yip Jennifer L. Y. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Rapid Assessment of Hearing Loss (RAHL) survey protocol aims to measure the prevalence and causes of hearing loss in a low cost and rapid manner, to inform planning of ear and hearing services. This paper reports on the first field-test of the RAHL in Gao’an County, Jiangxi Province, China. This study aimed to 1) To report on the feasibility of RAHL; 2) report on the estimated prevalence and causes of hearing loss in Gao’an.MethodsA cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in September–October 2018. Forty-seven clusters in Gao’an County were selected using probability-proportionate-to-size sampling. Within clusters, compact segment sampling was conducted to select 30 people aged 50+. A questionnaire was completed covering sociodemographics, hearing health, and risk factors. Automated pure-tone audiometry was completed for all participants, using smartphone-based audiometry (hearTest), at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz (kHz). All participants had their ears examined by an Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) doctor, using otoscopy, and probable causes of hearing loss assigned. Prevalence estimates were age and sex standardised to the Jiangxi population. Feasibility of a cluster size of 30 was examined by assessing the response rate, and the proportion of clusters completed in 1 day.Results1344 of 1421 eligible participants completed the survey (94.6%). 100% of clusters were completed in 1 day. The survey was completed in 4.5 weeks. The prevalence of moderate or greater hearing loss (pure-tone average of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz of > = 41dBHL in the better ear) was 16.3% (95% CI = 14.3, 18.5) and for any level of hearing loss (pure-tone average of > = 26dBHL in the better ear) the prevalence was 53.2% (95% CI = 49.2, 57.1). The majority of hearing loss was due to acquired sensorineural causes (91.7% left; 92.1% right). Overall 54.0% of the population aged 50+ (108,000 people) are in need of diagnostic audiology services, 3.4% were in need of wax removal (7000 people), and 4.8% were in need of surgical services (9500 people). Hearing aid coverage was 0.4%.ConclusionThe RAHL survey protocol is feasible, demonstrated through the number of people examined per day, and the high response rate. The survey was completed in a much shorter period than previous all-age surveys in China. Some remaining challenges included assignment of causes of probable sensorineural loss. The data obtained from this survey can be used to scale-up hearing services in Gao’an.
Assessment of wheat’s water footprint and virtual water trade: a case study for Turkey
Authors: Muratoglu Abdullah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Many countries are experiencing significant water scarcity and related problems due to limited availability, uneven distribution of water resources and high demand. Therefore, increasing water use efficiency and better management of existing resources have become substantially important. The agricultural sector is responsible for around 80% of global freshwater withdrawal. Wheat is one of the most important crops having large volumes of virtual water (VW) which is defined as the hidden water embedded in the products.

Methods
Water footprint (WF) is an indicator showing the total volume of freshwater consumption of a product or process. Blue water concept is defined as the amount of exploited surface and groundwater resources. Green water represents the total volume of rainwater allocated by the product. WF methodology brings a new approach to inter-regional water use and management by quantifying the amount of direct and indirect water use and tracing the hidden links between production, consumption and trade. The main objective of this study is to analyze Turkey’s national blue and green WF of wheat production, consumption and virtual water trade between 2008 and 2019. Detailed province-based quantification of wheat’s water exploitation is provided using spatial interpolation method.

Results
Total consumptive WF of wheat production and consumption of Turkey is calculated as 39.3 and 48.1 Gm3/year, respectively. The average blue and green VW contents of wheat production through Turkey are assessed to be 1161 and 748 m3/ton, respectively. The water footprint parameters of each province are calculated and discussed using climatic and agricultural data. VW transfer of Turkey’s international wheat trade is also analyzed. Total national water saving is calculated as 7.8 Gm3/year which is mostly imported from Russia. Global VW deficit due to international wheat trade is calculated to be 1.76 Gm3/year.

Conclusion
Despite its high contribution to global wheat production, increasing population and strong wheat-based diet, quantitative, comparative and up-to-date analyses of the blue and green WF and the VW transfer of wheat production in Turkey are not available. This study contributes to the national and international water management and planning studies to increase the water allocation efficiency of agricultural products.
Diamine oxidase-modified screen-printed electrode for the redox-mediated determination of histamine
Authors: Torre Ricarda , Costa-Rama Estefanía , Nouws Henri P. A. , Delerue-Matos Cristina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHistamine is an important biogenic amine because of its role in immune responses and the regulation of physiological functions. It is also used as a food freshness indicator, so its maximum concentration in fish is legally regulated. Although several robust and sensitive methods for histamine detection are already available, it continues to be a challenge to develop simple and portable devices that allow rapid histamine screening at any point of the fish production chain. Thus, in this work, a simple, miniaturized and low-cost sensor for histamine analysis was developed. The construction of the sensor only takes 30 min and consists of the immobilization of the enzyme diamine oxidase on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode by cross-linking. The quantification of histamine was achieved by chronoamperometry (+ 0.2V, 120 s) using hexacyanoferrate (III) as a redox mediator. This selective sensor provided a low limit of detection (0.97 mg L−1) and accurate and precise results and was successfully applied to the analysis of spiked tuna and mackerel extracts, obtaining recovery values of 99–100%. Moreover, the sensor shows good stability, maintaining 87.7% of its initial signal after 35 days.
Mutations of KIT tyrosine kinase (TK) gene predict relapse in adult patients (pts) with core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF AML): A Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) study
Authors: Paschka P. , Marcucci G. , Ruppert A. S. , Mrózek K. , Chen H. , Kittles R. A. , Vukosavljevic T. , Perrotti D. , Larson R. A. , Bloomfield C. D. 
Published: March 2020

2 Background: Multi-course high-dose cytarabine (HDAC) has largely improved the outcome of CBF AML pts with t(8;21)(q22;q22) and inv(16)(p13q22). Yet, ∼50% of pts relapse within 5 years (yrs), indicating the need for markers identifying high-risk pts who require more aggressive and/or novel therapies. KIT mutations (mKIT) of exons 17 (mKIT17) and 8 (mKIT8) are good candidates to be such markers. Previous studies showed that mKIT17 impacted adversely on outcome of t(8;21), but not inv(16), pts. Methods: Sixty-one pts with inv(16) and 49 with t(8;21), assigned to HDAC consolidation on CALGB protocols,were analyzed at diagnosis for mKIT17 and mKIT8 by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and direct sequencing. The median follow-up was 5.3 yrs. Results: Among pts with inv(16), 10 had mKIT17 (3 with concurrent mKIT8) and 8 sole mKIT8; among pts with t(8;21), 9 had mKIT17 (2 with mKIT8) and 2 sole mKIT8. In each cytogenetic group, complete remission rates were similar for pts with wild-type KIT (wtKIT) and those with mKIT or mKIT17. In both groups, cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was higher for pts with any mKIT [inv(16), P=.050, 5-yr CIR 56% vs 29%; t(8;21), P=.017, 5-yr CIR 70% vs 36%], and also for the subsets of pts with mKIT17 [inv(16), P=.002, 5-yr CIR 80% vs 29%; t(8;21), P=.014, 5-yr CIR 75% vs 36%] compared to wtKIT. Neither mKIT nor mKIT17 significantly affected overall survival (OS). In multivariable analyses (see table ), mKIT [in t(8;21)] and mKIT17 [in inv(16) and t(8;21)] independently predicted worse CIR; worse OS correlated significantly with mKIT only in inv(16) pts. Conclusions: We show for the first time that mKIT17 confer significantly higher relapse rates in inv(16) pts and confirm their adverse impact on t(8;21) pts. Thus, this subset of pts may benefit from more aggressive treatment and/or, since mKIT17 lead to constitutive KIT activation, from therapy that includes TK inhibitors, such as imatinib or PKC412. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Prognostic factors for patients with Ewing sarcoma (EWS) at first recurrence
Authors: Leavey P. , Mascarenhas L. , Marina N. , Chen Z. , Krailo M. , Miser J. , Bernstein M. , Granowetter L. , Grier H. 
Published: March 2020

10011 Background: The prognosis for patients with recurrent Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is very poor with 5-year survival of 13%. Since 30–40% of patients with newly diagnosed, non-metastatic EWS develop recurrence, the Children's Oncology Group (COG) sought to evaluate prognostic factors for these patients. Data was derived from the phase III, multi-institutional study INT 0091. Methods: Between 1988 and 1994, five hundred and seventy-eight eligible patients with previously untreated EWS or PNET of bone were enrolled on INT 0091. Patients who experienced recurrence or disease progression as their first analytic event were considered. Survival was calculated from date of disease progression to death or last patient contact. Comparisons of the risk for death across groups were accomplished using the log-rank test. Survivor functions were estimated by the method of Kaplan and Meier. Results: Two hundred and sixty-two patients experienced disease progression or recurrence. The median time to first recurrence was 1.3 years (range 0–7.4 years) for all patients, 1.4 years (range 0 to 7.4 years) for patients with initially localized disease and 1 year (range 0 to 6 years) for patients with initially metastatic disease. Time to first recurrence from date of initial diagnosis was a predictor of post-recurrence survival (p<0.0001). Twenty-one percent of patients whose disease recurred or progressed experienced first recurrence 2 or more years from initial diagnosis and had an estimated 5 year post-recurrence survival of 30%. This compares with 7% for those whose first recurrence or progression was earlier. No statistical difference was detected when patients whose disease recurred < 12 months were compared with those whose recurrence was 12–24 months from initial diagnosis. Significant risk factors for death after recurrence included metastatic disease at initial diagnosis, elevated LDH at initial diagnosis and female gender. In patients non-metastatic at initial diagnosis pelvic primary site was also a risk factor for death after recurrence. Conclusions: Patients with longer time to first recurrence represent the subset of patients most likely to survive following recurrence. All patients with recurrent Ewing sarcoma would benefit from collaborative trials to investigate new therapeutic options. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Risks of recurrence and survival after relapse in patients with Ewing tumor
Authors: Jürgens H. , Ranft A. , Dirksen U. , Vieth V. , Paulussen M. , Franzius C. , Bölling T. , Craft A. 
Published: March 2020

10012 Background: Ewing tumor treatment has resulted in long term survival rates of approx. 70% in localized, and 30% in metastatic disease. Survival following relapse has remained poor with survival rates well below 30%. Methods: All histological proven Ewing tumor patients from three consecutive GPOH trials since 1981 (CESS81 & CESS86 & EICESS92; N=1,549) were included to conduct a meta-analyses of time to and type of recurrence. The follow up has been recently updated in 2006 resulting in a maximum observation period of 25 years. The cumulative incidences of the types of first relapse excluding progress under therapy were computed with competing risk analysis. Multivariate stepwise regression analyses according to the Cox proportional hazard model researched the influences of time to and type of relapse on survival after relapse. Results: More than 70% of first recurrences occurred within 2 years, and 85% within 3 years from initial diagnosis. Most common relapses were systemic with a 3-year cumulative incidence of approx. 0.10 each for lung metastases, bone metastases and multisystem metastases including other sites, followed by local and combined relapses both with a 3-year cumulative incidence of approx. 0.05. Multivariate analyses identified both early (<2 years after diagnosis) and combined relapses as most unfavorable prognostic factors for survival after relapse, with hazard ratios >2.5 (p<.001). Comparing relapse types, patients with local relapses, and pulmonary metastases only, had a better prognosis. Conclusions: The risk of relapse is markedly reduced 2–3 years after diagnosis. The treatment strategies should take the time at risk for relapse into consideration. New strategies for treatment of relapses are needed in particular for the most unfavorable bone, multisystem and combined relapses. Supported by Deutsche Krebshilfe Grants DKH M43/92/Jü2, DKH 70–2551 Jü3, and EU BIOMED Grants BMH1-CT92–1341 and BMH4–983956 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Continuous daily dosing (CDD) of sunitinib malate (SU) compares favorably with intermittent dosing in pts with advanced GIST
Authors: George S. , Blay J. Y. , Casali P. G. , Le Cesne A. , Morgan J. A. , Pokela J. , Quigley M. T. , Tassell V. , Baum C. M. , Demetri G. D. 
Published: March 2020

10015 Background: SU, an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor of KIT, PDGFRs, VEGFRs, RET and FLT3, is approved multinationally for the treatment of imatinib (IM)-resistant or -intolerant GIST. SU 50 mg/d on a 4/2 schedule (6-wk cycles: 4 wks on treatment, 2 wks off) has demonstrated efficacy and acceptable tolerability in pts with advanced IM-resistant GIST. The current study assesses the efficacy and safety of CDD of SU in this pt population. Methods: In this multicenter phase (ph) II trial, pts with IM-resistant/intolerant GIST were randomized to receive morning or evening dosing of SU 37.5 mg daily. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate (CBR; percentage of pts with confirmed CR, PR or SD for =24 wks per RECIST). Investigator-assessed efficacy and safety data compiled in this ph II study and an earlier ph III study were compared informally, and the PK of SU and its metabolite were also analyzed. Results: Of 61 pts randomized, 60 received treatment with SU (30 pts/arm; ITT population). At a median duration on study of 30 wks (range: 4–52+), 33 pts remain on study and 27 have discontinued. The SU dose was reduced to 25 mg/d in 9 pts due to AEs. The most common non-hematologic AEs of any cause (primarily grade [gr] 1/2) were diarrhea (40%), asthenia (38%) and fatigue (35%). Gr 3 AEs were asthenia (13%), fatigue (7%) and diarrhea (7%); gr 4 abdominal pain was reported in 3% pts. Hematologic toxicities included gr 3 anemia (10%), neutropenia (17%, all non-febrile) and thrombocytopenia (7%) and gr 4 anemia (3%). Toxicities were similar in the morning and evening dosing groups. Preliminary PK data indicated no unexpected accumulation with CDD. To date, median PFS is 27 wks (CI: 24–41) and overall CBR is 24%, including 11% pts with PRs, which compares favorably with results obtained with the approved regimen of SU 50 mg/d on the 4/2 schedule (N=207; PR: 7%; CBR: 25%; PFS 28 wks [CI: 14–34]; phase III study). Conclusions: SU is well tolerated and clinically active when given as 37.5 mg CDD in pts with IM- resistant/-intolerant GIST. The AE profile for SU CDD appears similar to that of the 4/2 schedule. Morning and evening dosing seem to have similar tolerability. SU CDD appears to be a safe and effective alternative dosing strategy for pts with IM-resistant/intolerant GIST. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Utility of PET scan in predicting chemotherapeutic response in soft tissue sarcoma patients
Authors: Mintzer D. M. , King J. J. , Alavi A. , Staddon A. P. , Lackman R. D. , Hartner L. , Fox E. J. , Ogilvie C. M. 
Published: March 2020

10021 Background: The response to chemotherapy in soft tissue sarcomas (STS) is often used to guide the further management of these neoplasms. The goal of this study was to determine if an overall metabolic response assessed by PET scan can be used to predict survival. Methods: Records of 12 STS patients (10m, 2f) who underwent pre- and post-chemotherapy PET scans were retrospectively renewed. PET scans were evaluated by a senior nuclear medicine physician and the response was compared to patient survival. Disease progression on PET was defined as a SUV increase in any lesion, appearance of new lesions, or presence of extended areas of disease activity during chemotherapy. A stable response was defined as a decrease in SUV <40% of the initial value of over half the lesions. A partial response was defined as a =40% decrease in SUV compared to the initial value in over half of the lesions. Patient survival was measured from the date of the post-treatment PET to the date of death or last follow-up. Results: Of the 12 patients, 6 had disease progression (all with metastases before treatment), 1 had stable disease with metastasis before treatment, and 5 had partial(4) or complete(1) responses of which 2 had metastases on presentation. The 6 patients who had progressive disease during treatment had a mean survival of 4 months (range 1.5–10.9 months, 0 alive at last follow-up). The patient with stable disease died at 13 months post-treatment. The 5 patients with partial to complete responses had a mean survival of 19 months (range 1.9–37.4, 3 alive). Patients with a partial or complete response had a longer mean survival than did patients with progression during chemotherapy, although this was not significant (p=0.49, Wilcoxon). When considering only patients with metastatic disease, the 3 patients without progression during chemotherapy had a longer mean survival (20 months, range 13–24, 1 alive) than the 6 patients with progression during chemotherapy, although this was not significant (p=0.17, Wilcoxon). Conclusions: A trend of decreased survival was seen in patients who had disease progression seen on PET during chemotherapy. Further studies with larger numbers of subjects need to be conducted to evaluate the correlation between the metabolic response to chemotherapy seen on PET to patient outcome in STS. [Table: see text]