bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization and photothermal analysis of nanostructured hydrides of Pd and PdCeO2
Authors: Cruz Cláudia C. R. , da Silva Nilton P. , Castilho Amanda V. , Favre-Nicolin Viviane A. , Cesar Claudio L. , Orlande Helcio R. B. , Dos Santos Dilson S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHyperthermia was shown to be an important co-adjuvant therapy to conventional cancer treatments. Nanoparticles can be used in the hyperthermia therapy to improve the localized absorption of energy imposed by external sources, in order to kill tumor cells solely by the effect of heat and with minimum thermal damage to surrounding healthy cells. Nanoparticles can also serve as carriers of drugs that specifically act on the tumor when heated, including hydrogen that can be desorbed to locally promote an antioxidant effect and reduce the viability of cancer cells. In this context, palladium hydride nanoparticles emerge as promising materials for the hyperthermia therapy. In this study, palladium nanocubes (PdNC) and PdCeO2 nanoparticles were synthesized. Nanofluids produced with these nanomaterials were hydrogenated and then tested to examine their photothermal effects. Nanofluids made of PdHx nanoparticles presented significant temperature increases of more than 30 °C under 3 min of diode-laser irradiation. On the other hand, nanofluids with PdCeO2H nanoparticles presented temperature increases around 11 °C under the same experimental conditions. The behavior observed with the PdCeO2H nanofluids can be attributed to the effect of H+ in reducing Ce+4 to Ce+3.
Light absorption enhancement in ultrathin film solar cell with embedded dielectric nanowires
Authors: Elrabiaey Mahmoud A. , Hussein Mohamed , Hameed Mohamed Farhat O. , Obayya Salah S. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA novel design of thin-film crystalline silicon solar cell (TF C-Si-SC) is proposed and numerically analyzed. The reported SC has 1.0 µm thickness of C-Si with embedded dielectric silicon dioxide nanowires (NWs). The introduced NWs increase the light scattering in the active layer which improves the optical path length and hence the light absorption. The SC geometry has been optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique to improve the optical and electrical characteristics. The suggested TF C-Si-SC with two embedded NWs offers photocurrent density ($${J}_{ph}$$

J

ph

) of 32.8 mA cm−2 which is higher than 18 mA cm−2 of the conventional thin film SC with an enhancement of 82.2%. Further, a power conversion efficiency of 15.9% is achieved using the reported SC.
Caspase inhibition rescues F1Fo ATP synthase dysfunction-mediated dendritic spine elimination
Authors: Chen Hao , Tian Jing , Guo Lan , Du Heng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDendritic spine injury underlies synaptic failure in many neurological disorders. Mounting evidence suggests a mitochondrial pathway of local nonapoptotic caspase signaling in mediating spine pruning. However, it remains unclear whether this caspase signaling plays a key role in spine loss when severe mitochondrial functional defects are present. The answer to this question is critical especially for some pathological states, in which mitochondrial deficits are prominent and difficult to fix. F1Fo ATP synthase is a pivotal mitochondrial enzyme and the dysfunction of this enzyme involves in diseases with spinopathy. Here, we inhibited F1Fo ATP synthase function in primary cultured hippocampal neurons by using non-lethal oligomycin A treatment. Oligomycin A induced mitochondrial defects including collapsed mitochondrial membrane potential, dissipated ATP production, and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In addition, dendritic mitochondria underwent increased fragmentation and reduced positioning to dendritic spines along with increased caspase 3 cleavage in dendritic shaft and spines in response to oligomycin A. Concurring with these dendritic mitochondrial changes, oligomycin A-insulted neurons displayed spine loss and altered spine architecture. Such oligomycin A-mediated changes in dendritic spines were substantially prevented by the inhibition of caspase activation by using a pan-caspase inhibitor, quinolyl-valyl-O-methylaspartyl-[-2,6-difluorophenoxy]-methyl ketone (Q-VD-OPh). Of note, the administration of Q-VD-OPh showed no protective effect on oligomycin A-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings suggest a pivotal role of caspase 3 signaling in mediating spine injury and the modulation of caspase 3 activation may benefit neurons from spine loss in diseases, at least, in those with F1Fo ATP synthase defects.
Evaluation of blood gene expression levels in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy patients
Authors: Signorelli M. , Mason A. G. , Mul K. , Evangelista T. , Mei H. , Voermans N. , Tapscott S. J. , Tsonaka R. , van Engelen B. G. M. , van der Maarel S. M. , Spitali P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFacioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by the expression ofDUX4in skeletal muscles. A number of therapeutic approaches are being developed to antagonize the events preceding and followingDUX4expression that leads to muscular dystrophy. Currently, the possibility to evaluate treatment response in clinical trials is hampered by the lack of objective molecular biomarkers connecting the disease cause to clinical performance. In this study we employed RNA-seq to examine gene expression in PAXgene tubes obtained from two independent cohorts of FSHD patients. Analysis of gene expression profiles did not lead to the identification of genes or pathways differentially expressed in FSHD patients, or associated with disease severity. In particular, we did not find evidence that theDUX4andPAX7signatures were differentially expressed. On the other hand, we were able to improve patient classification by including single genes or groups of genes in classification models. The best classifier wasROPN1L, a gene known to be expressed in testis, coincidentally the typical location ofDUX4expression. These improvements in patient classification hold the potential to enrich the FSHD clinical trial toolbox.
Integration of geoscience frameworks into digital pathology analysis permits quantification of microarchitectural relationships in histological landscapes
Authors: Kendall Timothy J. , Duff Catherine M. , Thomson Andrew M. , Iredale John P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough gold-standard histological assessment is subjective it remains central to diagnosis and clinical trial protocols and is crucial for the evaluation of any preclinical disease model. Objectivity and reproducibility are enhanced by quantitative analysis of histological images but current methods require application-specific algorithm training and fail to extract understanding from the histological context of observable features. We reinterpret histopathological images as disease landscapes to describe a generalisable framework defining topographic relationships in tissue using geoscience approaches. The framework requires no user-dependent training to operate on all image datasets in a classifier-agnostic manner but is adaptable and scalable, able to quantify occult abnormalities, derive mechanistic insights, and define a new feature class for machine-learning diagnostic classification. We demonstrate application to inflammatory, fibrotic and neoplastic disease in multiple organs, including the detection and quantification of occult lobular enlargement in the liver secondary to hilar obstruction. We anticipate this approach will provide a robust class of histological data for trial stratification or endpoints, provide quantitative endorsement of experimental models of disease, and could be incorporated within advanced approaches to clinical diagnostic pathology.
Substrate-dependent fish have shifted less in distribution under climate change
Authors: Roberts Sarah M. , Boustany Andre M. , Halpin Patrick N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAnalyses of the impacts of climate change on fish species have primarily considered dynamic oceanographic variables that are the output of predictive models, yet fish species distributions are determined by much more than just variables such as ocean temperature. Functionally diverse species are differentially influenced by oceanographic as well as physiographic variables such as bottom substrate, thereby influencing their ability to shift distributions. Here, we show that fish species distributions that are more associated with bottom substrate than other dynamic environmental variables have shifted significantly less over the last 30 years than species whose distributions are associated with bottom salinity. Correspondingly, species whose distributions are primarily determined by bottom temperature or ocean salinity have shifted their mean centroid and southern and northern range boundaries significantly more than species whose distributions are determined by substrate or depth. The influence of oceanographic versus static variables differs by species functional group, as benthic species distributions are more associated with substrate and they have shifted significantly less than pelagic species whose distributions are primarily associated with ocean temperatures. In conclusion, benthic fish, that are more influenced by substrate, may prove much less likely to shift distributions under future climate change.
Retrieval Practice and Word Learning in Children With Specific Language Impairment and Their Typically Developing Peers
Authors: Leonard Laurence B. , Deevy Patricia 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
In this article, we review the role of retrieval practice on the word learning and retention of children with specific language impairment (SLI).

Method
Following a brief review of earlier findings on word learning in children with SLI and the assumptions behind retrieval practice, four experiments are described that compared novel words learned in a repeated spaced retrieval condition and those learned in either a repeated study condition or a repeated immediate retrieval condition. Preschool-age children with SLI and their same-age peers with typical language development were the participants in all experiments. The effects of repeated spaced retrieval were assessed through measures of recall of word form and meaning and, receptively, through both picture-pointing and electrophysiological measures.

Results
Repeated spaced retrieval resulted in greater recall of word form and meaning across the experiments. This advantage was seen not only for word–picture pairs used during the learning period but also when generalization of the word to new pictures was required. Receptive testing through picture pointing showed similar results, though in some experiments, ceiling effects rendered this measure less sensitive to differences. An alternative receptive measure—the N400 elicited during picture–word mismatches—showed evidence at the neural level favoring repeated spaced retrieval. The advantages of repeated spaced retrieval were seen in both children with SLI and their typically developing age mates.

Conclusion
Future efforts are warranted to refine and extend the experiments reviewed here. If these efforts prove successful, procedures that incorporate repeated spaced retrieval into more naturalistic clinical and educational activities might be an appropriate next step.

Presentation Video

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13063730
Functional and Structural Aging of the Vestibular System
Authors: Jones Sherri M. 
Published: October 2020

PurposeAging is ubiquitous and the elderly population (aged 65 years and older) will continue to grow, reaching an estimated 25% of the U.S. population by 2060. Symptoms of dizziness and imbalance as well as risk of falling are more common in older adults, but it is often unclear whether these symptoms are due to disease or a consequence of aging. Indeed, age-related changes in the vestibular periphery are not well understood. This invited review describes age-related changes in peripheral vestibular function, comparisons between aging of auditory and vestibular function, structural correlates for vestibular aging, and the role of genetics in vestibular aging.ConclusionThe data from animal models will show that gravity receptor function declines with age but at different rates for different inbred mouse strains. Gravity receptor aging includes loss of postsynaptic elements and loss of hair cells, which is observed at advanced ages. Loss of hair cells may contribute to some extent at advanced ages. Age-related changes in hearing do not predict age-related changes in vestibular function. Genes likely influence the rate of decline in vestibular function. Further research is needed to fully understand the fundamental mechanisms of vestibular aging and to begin to develop potential therapeutic approaches.
Probing episodic accretion with chemistry: CALYPSO observations of the very-low-luminosity Class 0 protostar IRAM 04191+1522
Authors: Anderl S. , Maret S. , Cabrit S. , Maury A. J. , Belloche A. , André Ph. , Bacmann A. , Codella C. , Podio L. , Gueth F. 
Published: October 2020

Context. The process of mass accretion in the earliest phases of star formation is still not fully understood: does the accretion rate smoothly decline with the age of the protostar or are there short, intermittent accretion bursts? The latter option would also yield the possibility for very low-luminosity objects (VeLLOs) to be precursors of solar-type stars, even though they do not seem to have sufficiently high accretion rates to reach stellar masses during their protostellar lifetime. Nevertheless, probing such intermittent events in the deeply embedded phase is not easy. Chemical signatures in the protostellar envelope can trace a past accretion burst.
Aims. We aim to explore whether or not the observed C18O and N2H+ emission pattern towards the VeLLO IRAM 04191+1522 can be understood in the framework of a scenario where the emission is chemically tracing a past accretion burst.
Methods. We used high-angular-resolution Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) observations of C18O and N2H+ towards IRAM 04191+1522 that were obtained as part of the CALYPSO IRAM Large Program (Continuum And Lines in Young ProtoStellar Objects). We model these observations using a chemical code with a time-dependent physical structure coupled with a radiative transfer module, where we allow for variations in the source luminosity.
Results. We find that the N2H+ line emission shows a central hole, with the N2H+ emission peaking at a radius of about 10′′ (1400 au) from the source, while the C18O emission is compact (1.3′′ FWHM, corresponding to 182 au). The morphology of these two lines cannot be reproduced with a constant luminosity model based on the present-day internal luminosity (0.08 L⊙). However, the N2H+ peaks are consistent with a constant-luminosity model of 12 L⊙. Using a model with time-dependent temperature and density profiles, we show that the observed N2H+ peak emission could indeed be caused by a past accretion burst with a luminosity 150 times higher than the present-day luminosity. Such a burst should have occurred a couple of hundred years ago.
Conclusions. We suggest that an accretion burst occurred in IRAM 04191+1522 in the recent past. If such bursts are common and sufficiently long in VeLLOs, they could lead to higher accretion onto the central object than their luminosity suggests. For IRAM 04191 in particular, our results yield an estimated final mass of 0.2–0.25 M⊙ by the end of the Class 0 phase, which would make this object a low-mass star rather than a brown dwarf. More generally, our analysis demonstrates that the combination of observations of N2H+ and C18O is a more reliable diagnostic of past outburst activity than C18O or N2H+ emission alone.
Increasing the achievable contrast of infrared interferometry with an error correlation model
Authors: Kammerer J. , Mérand A. , Ireland M. J. , Lacour S. 
Published: October 2020

Context. Interferometric observables are strongly correlated, yet it is common practice to ignore these correlations in the data analysis process.
Aims. We develop an empirical model for the correlations present in Very Large Telescope Interferometer GRAVITY data and show that properly accounting for them yields fainter detection limits and increases the reliability of potential detections.
Methods. We extracted the correlations of the (squared) visibility amplitudes and the closure phases directly from intermediate products of the GRAVITY data reduction pipeline and fitted our empirical models to them. Then, we performed model fitting and companion injection and recovery tests with both simulated and real GRAVITY data, which are affected by correlated noise, and compared the results when ignoring the correlations and when properly accounting for them with our empirical models.
Results. When accounting for the correlations, the faint source detection limits improve by a factor of up to ∼2 at angular separations > 20 mas. For commonly used detection criteria based on χ2 statistics, this mostly results in claimed detections being more reliable.
Conclusions. Ignoring the correlations present in interferometric data is a dangerous assumption which might lead to a large number of false detections. The commonly used detection criteria (e.g. in the model fitting pipeline CANDID) are only reliable when properly accounting for the correlations; furthermore, instrument teams should work on providing full covariance matrices instead of statistically independent error bars as part of the official data reduction pipelines.
The efficacy and safety of underwater endoscopic mucosal resection for ≥10-mm colorectal polyps: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li De-feng , Lai Ming-Guang , Yang Mei-feng , Zou Zhi-yuan , Xu Jing , Peng Ru-mei , Xiong Feng , Wei Cheng , Zhang Ding-guo , Xu Zheng-lei , Wang Li-sheng , Yao Jun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) is a promising strategy for nonpedunculated colorectal polyp removal. However, the efficacy and safety of the technique for the treatment of ≥ 10-mm colorectal polyps remain unclear. We aimed to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of UEMR for polyps sized 10–19 mm and ≥ 20 mm.
Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant articles from January 2012 to November 2019. Primary outcomes were the rates of adverse events and residual polyps. Secondary outcomes were the complete resection, en bloc resection, and R0 resection rates.
Results 18 articles including 1142 polyps from 1093 patients met our inclusion criteria. The overall adverse event and residual polyp rates were slightly lower for UEMR when removing colorectal polyps of 10–19 mm vs. ≥ 20 mm (3.5 % vs. 4.3 % and 1.2 % vs. 2.6 %, respectively). The UEMR-related complete resection rate was slightly higher for colorectal polyps of 10–19 mm vs. ≥ 20 mm (97.9 % vs. 92.0 %). However, the en bloc and R0 resection rates were dramatically higher for UEMR removal of polyps of 10–19 mm vs. ≥ 20 mm (83.4 % vs. 36.1 % and 73.0 % vs. 40.0 %, respectively). In addition, univariate meta-regression revealed that polyp size was an independent predictor for complete resection rate (P = 0.03) and en bloc resection (P = 0.01).
Conclusions UEMR was an effective and safe technique for the removal of ≥ 10-mm nonpedunculated colorectal polyps. However, UEMR exhibited low en bloc and R0 resection rates for the treatment of ≥ 20-mm polyps.
20 Years of Follow-up Alloimmunization and Hemolytic Disease in Newborn: Has Anything Changed in the Field Over the Years?
Authors: Raguz Marjana Jerkovic , Prce Zeljka , Bjelanovic Vedran , Bjelanovic Ivana , Dzida Sanja , Mabic Mirela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective of the study is to research the epidemiological aspects of maternal alloimmunization against erythrocyte antigens of fetuses (AB0, Rhesus, Lewis, Kell, Duffy and others) and to identify the most common types of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) in the West Herzegovina region.Study Design The 20-year retrospective epidemiological study includes all pregnant women who had been immunologically tested and newborn treated for HDN.Results The indirect antiglobulin (IAT) detected antibodies against antigens in 545 (1.8%) pregnant women of the 29 663 who were tested at the Department of Transfusion Medicine. During the 20-year-long study 310 (1.0%) newborn with HDN were treated. Our results indicate that 42% (230/545) of the pregnant women had AB0 immunization. The most common form of HDN is AB0 HDN 64% (199/310), whereas RhD HDN was treated in 19% (59/310) of the newborn infants. ETR was performed on 29 (19%) infants, 21 (72.4%) with AB0 HDN, and 7 (26%) with RhD HDN.Conclusion This 20-year-long study concludes that, even though there has been significant progress in the prevention of immunization and proactive treatment of HDN, precautionary measures are still required as is the need for gynecologists and obstetricians to be active. The reasons for this are the non-existence of preventive measures for non-RhD immunization, the irregular immunological screening of RhD positive women in pregnancy in the region encompassed by the study in the past few years. The above raises new questions and recommends further research and monitoring of immunization and HDN treatment worldwide.
Systemische Ozontherapie in der integrativen Onkologie
Authors: Feldhaus Simon 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungBei der komplementären Behandlung onkologischer Patienten stellen sich besondere Herausforderungen. Dazu ist ein vernetzter und sehr individueller Behandlungsansatz im Sinne der integrativen Medizin zwingend. In unserem Zentrum ist die Ozontherapie zentraler Bestandteil der begleitenden onkologischen Therapie. Ozon wirkt gefäßerweiternd, verbessert das Fließverhalten des Blutes sowie die Verformbarkeit der Erythrozyten und verbessert so die Durchblutung. Es hat zudem schmerzlindernde und antientzündliche Wirkungen. Die komplementäre onkologische Behandlung mit ihrem ganzheitlichen Ansatz führt erfahrungsgemäß zu einem wesentlich verbesserten Allgemeinzustand der Patienten, reduziert die Nebenwirkungen von Chemotherapie und Bestrahlung und verbessert erheblich die Lebensqualität.Der Autor nennt die wichtigsten Studien, erläutert die Anwendung der Ozontherapie und die möglichen Erfolge anhand einer Kasuistik aus seiner Praxis.