bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inertial drag and lift forces for coarse grains on rough alluvial beds measured using in-grain accelerometers
Authors: Maniatis Georgios , Hoey Trevor , Hodge Rebecca , Rickenmann Dieter , Badoux Alexandre 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Quantifying the force regime that controls the movement of a single grain during fluvial transport has historically proven to be difficult. Inertial micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) sensors (sensor assemblies that mainly comprise micro-accelerometers and gyroscopes) can used to address this problem using a “smart pebble”: a mobile inertial measurement unit (IMU) enclosed in a stone-like assembly that can measure directly the forces on a particle during sediment transport. Previous research has demonstrated that measurements using MEMS sensors can be used to calculate the dynamics of single grains over short time periods, despite limitations in the accuracy of the MEMS sensors that have been used to date. This paper develops a theoretical framework for calculating drag and lift forces on grains based on IMU measurements. IMUs were embedded a spherical and an ellipsoidal grain and used in flume experiments in which flow was increased until the grain moved. Acceleration measurements along three orthogonal directions were then processed to calculate the threshold force for entrainment, resulting in a statistical approximation of inertial impulse thresholds for both the lift and drag components of grain inertial dynamics. The ellipsoid IMU was also deployed in a series of experiments in a steep stream (Erlenbach, Switzerland). The inertial dynamics from both sets of experiments provide direct measurement of the resultant forces on sediment particles during transport, which quantifies (a) the effect of grain shape and (b) the effect of varied-intensity hydraulic forcing on the motion of coarse sediment grains during bedload transport. Lift impulses exert a significant control on the motion of the ellipsoid across hydraulic regimes, despite the occurrence of higher-magnitude and longer-duration drag impulses. The first-order statistical generalisation of the results suggests that the kinetics of the ellipsoid are characterised by low- or no-mobility states and that the majority of mobility states are controlled by lift impulses.
‘Escola em Quarentena’: um projeto de registro antropológico de memórias educacionais durante a pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Bazzo Juliane , Schmiguel Kelli , Suarez Roselaine (Mana) Lucena 
Published: December 2020

Introdução: O paper realiza um relato de experiência acerca do projeto “Escola em quarentena: um registro antropológico de memórias educacionais”, originado em abril de 2020 e hospedado em uma plataforma virtual. A iniciativa tem por intuito fomentar o aprendizado social, a gestão do conhecimento, bem como a ciência aberta e cidadã durante o período de ensino remoto emergencial no Brasil, diante da pandemia da Covid-19. Método: O projeto operacionaliza-se pautado por uma inspiração etnográfica, que advém de suas origens calcadas na Antropologia da Educação enquanto subcampo disciplinar. Resultados: A iniciativa alcançou a marca de quinhentos participantes e já gerou mais de uma centena de conteúdos compartilhados. Além disso, vem alcançando repercussões na mídia. Conclusão: A expectativa é que o projeto seja continuado enquanto se estender a educação remota emergencial. Para além disso, no futuro, espera-se que as fronteiras virtuais sejam ultrapassadas, no intuito de democratizar o conhecimento acumulado sob outros formatos.
Qüestions terminològiques en l'ensenyament de la gramàtica catalana
Authors: Paradís Anna , Pineda i Cirera Anna 
Published: December 2020

Aquest article presenta una prospecció d'un seguit de qüestions terminològiques rellevants referides a l’ensenyament de la gramàtica de la llengua catalana. En concret, en el primer apartat s'indaga la dicotomia transitiu/intransitiu i s'examina les implicacions que tenen les definicions d’aquests termes a l’hora de comprendre el funcionament de la gramàtica. En el segon apartat, s'explora la dicotomia entre argument i adjunt. Més en detall, s'analitza el cas dels complements de companyia i els de lloc, per destriar els que són arguments (altrament anomenats complements de règim) i els que són adjunts (terme equiparable a complement circumstancial). Cadascun dels apartats inclou una proposta d'exercicis per treballar a l'aula amb l'objectiu d'assolir un major nivell de comprensió i de promoure la reflexió gramatical en l’alumnat.
Discussion on Verdet constant solution model of paramagnetic magneto-optical materials
Authors: Cai Wei , Xu You-An , Yang Zhi-Yong , Miao Li-Yao , Zhao Zhong-Hao ,   Armament Launch Theory and Technology Key Discipline Laboratory of China, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi’an 710025, China,   Science and Technology on Electro-optic Control Laboratory, Luoyang 471000, China
Published: December 2020

<sec>	The Verdet constant is one of the key parameters to characterize the material magneto-optical properties. The quantum theory is usually used to study magneto-optical properties and calculate the Verdet constant of paramagnetic material. However, the traditional quantum theory only takes into account the influence of the electron transition dipole moments caused by the particle property of light, which therefore cannot formulate the Verdet constant of magneto-optical material accurately.	</sec><sec>	In view of the shortcomings of the existing theory, in this paper we propose is a wave-transition model of the Verdet constant. Due to the special wave-particle duality of light, the contribution of the non-transition dipole moment to the Verdet constant, caused by the electric field of light wave, should not be ignored.	</sec><sec>	According to the basic theory of magneto-optical effect, in this paper we first explore the intrinsic mechanism of the paramagnetic material’s Verdet constant at a microscopic level and analyze the deficiency of traditional quantum theory. Furthermore, the classical electronic dynamic theory and quantum theory are used to reveal the contribution of volatility and transition of the light to the electric dipole moment. The density operator and statistical algorithm are introduced to derive the polarizability tensor of the paramagnetic magneto-optical material, thus obtaining the Verdet constant expression of the paramagnetic magneto-optical material, from which the Verdet constant is formulated. Taking the paramagnetic magneto-optical material TGG for example, the splitting energy levels and wave function of Tb<sup>3+</sup> ions in the spin-orbit coupling, crystal field and effective field are calculated by the quantum method, and finally the Verdet constants under the traditional quantum theory and the volatility transition contribution model are obtained quantitatively. The comparative analysis shows that the results calculated by the wave-transition contribution model are more consistent with the experimental data and more accurate than the results calculated through the traditional quantum theory. The idea and method put forward in this paper will provide reference for further exploring the magneto-optical effect mechanism of paramagnetic magneto-optical materials.	</sec>
Ovarian tumors associated with pregnancy
Authors: Ueda M. , Ueki M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: The clinical characteristics of ovarian tumors associated with pregnancy were investigated. Method: A series of 106 cases of ovarian tumor surgically resected during pregnancy was investigated with respect to incidence, clinicopathologic features and outcome. Results: Among 106 cases undergoing ovarian surgery, 31 (29.2%), 70 (66%) and five (4.7%) were diagnosed as physiologic, benign and malignant, respectively. The incidence of benign neoplastic tumor was 1:112 deliveries and that of malignant neoplastic tumor was 1:1684 deliveries. Dermoid cyst was the most common lesion found. Of the 70 benign tumors, 51 (72.9%) were greater than 8 cm in diameter and 55 (78.6%) were preoperatively diagnosed before the 10th gestational week; 44 (62.9%) were operated before the 15th gestational week. The spontaneous abortion rate in 80 cases followed up after surgery was only 10%, 61 patients (76.3%) progressing to full‐term delivery. Five malignant tumors included three epithelial carcinomas, one embryonal carcinoma and one dysgerminoma. Conclusion: Ovarian surgery in the first trimester for persistent or enlarging masses is important to obtain a final histologic diagnosis and rule out malignancy.
CNS demyelination in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS): possible cause of a dementia syndrome
Authors: Hampel H , Schneider C , Hock C , Müller-Spann F , Ackenheil M 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIn acquired peripheral demyelinating disease only few publications point out the possibility of simultaneous involvement of the CNS. We describe two patients with chronic polyneuropathy and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) developing a progressive dementia syndrome with extensive cerebral white matter alterations.
Burden on the families of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a pilot study
Authors: Magliano L , Tosini P , Guarneri M , Marasco C , Catapano F 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThis study aimed to explore the burden on the key-relatives of a sample of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and a control sample of patients with major depression. The level of burden of relatives of obsessive-compulsive patients was moderate to severe in most of the explored situations, and did not differ significantly from that of the relatives of depressives. Social relationships were compromised in 74% of cases, and feelings of depression were recorded in 84% of cases. The level of subjective burden changed according to the relatives' sex, age and position in the family. The degree of objective burden correlated with the level of patients' disability, whereas that of subjective burden correlated with the severity of patients' obsessive-compulsive symptomatology.
Women and reproductive health in a graying world
Authors: Senanayake P 
Published: July 2002

AbstractGender differences in longevity suggest that the health problems in both developed and developing countries will largely be the problems of older women. As life expectancy increases, the important causes of death and ill health change. Older women's health issues and reproductive health needs are different from those of younger women. Biological susceptibility to various conditions also differs between the sexes. Monitoring of differences in incidence can better direct preventive efforts and contribute to improving the quality of life for aging women worldwide.
Consanguinity and the age of menopause in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Bener A , Rizk D.E , Ezimokhai M , Hassan M , Micallef R , Sawaya M 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: The study examined the association between some biosocial factors, consanguinity and age at natural menopause in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Method: A cross‐sectional population‐based study using a multi‐stage sampling design and face‐to‐face interview. Results: In a sample of 800 UAE females aged 40 years and above, there were 742 (85.8%) respondents. The median age of natural menopause was 48 years. The bodyweight, parity number, occupation, smoking habits and consanguinity in marriage were the significant variables associated with the age at natural menopause. There were statistically significant differences between women in consanguineous and non‐consanguineous marriages with regard to BMI (P<0.002), occupation (P<0.008), weight (P<0.0001), age (P<0.03), age of menopause (P<0.005), parity (P<0.0001), mother's age at menopause (P<0.007) and sister's age at menopause (P<0.002). Conclusion: The study showed that among UAE women, consanguinity of marriage, maternal and sister's age at menopause, BMI, parity number and smoking habits significantly influence the natural age of menopause.
A multiple‐method study of environmental uncertainty and manufacturing flexibility
Authors: Pagell Mark , Krause Daniel R 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper addresses the relationship between environmental uncertainty and operational flexibility through research that utilized a mail survey of North American manufacturers, and structured field interviews of users of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT). Results from these efforts include: (1) no relationship was found between the measures of environmental uncertainty and operational flexibility, (2) no relationship was found between a firm's performance and its effort to align the level of operational flexibility with its external environment, and (3) the sample of AMT users reported more certain external environments than the random survey sample of manufacturers. The qualitative data gathered during the structured interviews is used to help explain these results, which redefine the boundaries of existing theory on these relationships and provide direction for future research.
A comparison of intermediate filament markers for presumptive astroglia in the developing rat neocortex: immunostaining against nestin reveals more detail, than GFAP or vimentin
Authors: Kálmán Mihály , Ajtai Béla M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe present study compares the immunopositive elements in the developing rat cortex between the day of birth (P0) and the 18th postnatal day (P18), after immunostaining against nestin, vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Nestin immunostaining revealed more structural details than either vimentin or GFAP, or they together. While vimentin immunostaining preferred radial glia and GFAP preferred astrocytes, nestin immunostaining detected both. Stellate‐shaped astrocyte‐like cells were already seen at P0 and cells of typical astrocytic morphology were numerous at P3, and were predominating elements from P7, whereas GFAP‐immunopositive astrocytes were very scarce even at P7, and became numerous only by P11, when nestin immunopositivity started to disappear. Nestin immunostaining revealed such structures which were not seen in GFAP‐ or vimentin immunostained sections: cell body‐like structures ‘hanging’ at the end the radial fibers, seeming to divide with their fibers, or having astrocyte‐like processes. Nestin immunostaining is therefore highly recommended for studies of the glial architecture in the early post‐natal brain development.
Expression pattern of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in the developing cortex of the embryonic chick brain
Authors: Lundgren Per , Johansson Lenore , Englund Camilla , Sellström Åke , Mattsson Mats‐Olof 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe development of the GABAergic system in the chick embryo telencephalon has been studied. Special emphasis was placed on the development of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) between embryonic day 8 (E8) and E17. The GABA immunoreactivity and neuron‐specific enolase expression was detected simultaneously in glutardialdehyde fixed sections, which confirmed that GABAergic cells exhibit neuronal phenotype. The GAD expression was studied by means of immunohistochemistry on cryo‐sectioned material both at the light and electron microscopic levels. Furthermore, the presence and localization of GAD65 and GAD67 mRNAs were studied with an in situ hybridization technique with digoxigenin‐labeled RNA probes. Protein expression as well as mRNA appearance mostly coincided both temporally and spatially.In the parahippocampal area, as well as in other regions of the developing cortex, GAD staining was seen from E8 onwards. The number of positive cells increased as did the intensity of staining up to E14. As observed in the electron microscope, the GAD protein was co‐localized with GABA in most cases, although some GAD‐positive cells devoid of GABA‐staining also were observed. The pattern of GAD mRNA expression was in general similar to that of GAD immunostaining. Both GAD65 and GAD67 mRNA were detected during the entire period. Furthermore, GAD67 mRNA localization spatially was more correlated with GAD protein expression. The study provides evidence for the notion that development of the GABAergic system occurs rapidly during embryogenesis and, as suggested from mRNA data, that two forms of GAD with a slight difference in distribution can contribute to this. © 1997 ISDN
Clozapine as a treatment tool: only in resistant schizophrenic patients?
Authors: Cassano GB , Ciapparelli A , Villa M 
Published: July 2002

SummaryEvidence indicates that clozapine is effective in the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia and in affective psychoses. To examine whether affective components within the boundaries of the schizophrenia spectrum imply specific psychopathological characteristics of response to treatment, 60 patients with a treatment-resistant schizophrenia spectrum disorder who were treated with clozapine (75–600 mg/d) were evaluated in a naturalistic, open, follow-up study. The group comprised 41 patients with and 19 without bipolar features (43 men and 17 women, mean age 34.3 years). Patients were evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) during the first year of treatment. The results show a significant improvement in scores in both groups (P < 0.001) compared with the baseline evaluation. A higher percentage of responders was seen in the ‘affective’ group. No typical psychopathological characteristic or symptom cluster predicting the response to treatment was identified. During the study, 15 patients discontinued treatment: six for lack of efficacy, five for non-compliance and four for adverse events. The study confirms the efficacy of clozapine in the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, particularly in patients with bipolar features.
Market efficiency before and after the introduction of electronic trading at the Toronto stock exchange
Authors: Freund William C. , Larrain Maurice , Pagano Michael S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe trend toward automation of the trading activity on stock exchanges has spread around the world in recent years. Using rescaled range analysis, we test the effect of automation at the TSE on the market's efficiency using daily and monthly return data. Significant departures from a random walk model were found for selected individual stocks in the daily data. However, monthly returns of various stock indexes were more closely described by a random walk process. Differences in the daily and monthly data may be attributable to the effects of aggregation and indexation on return data. In addition, several simple ‘technical’ trading strategies were compared with a ‘buy and hold’ strategy using daily data for 25 stocks. Despite the presence of non‐random patterns in the return data, the technical trading rules could not exploit this information to out‐perform the buy and hold strategy. Thus, the presence of deviations from a random walk do not necessarily translate into abnormal performance. Overall, the results suggest automation did not significantly alter the degree of market efficiency at the TSE.
Sacrificial Synthesis of Supported Ru Single Atoms and Clusters on N‐doped Carbon Derived from Covalent Triazine Frameworks: A Charge Modulation Approach
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Yao Siyu , Hu Xiaobing , Okejiri Francis , He Kun , Liu Pingying , Tian Ziqi , Dravid Vinayak P. , Fu Jie , Zhu Xiang , Dai Sheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh‐temperature pyrolysis of nitrogen (N)‐rich, crystalline porous organic architectures in the presence of a metal precursor is an important chemical process in heterogeneous catalysis for the fabrication of highly porous N‐carbon‐supported metal catalysts. Herein, covalent triazine framework (CTF) and CTF‐I (that is, CTF after charge modulation with iodomethane) are presented as sacrificial templates, for the synthesis of carbon‐supported Ru catalysts—Ru‐CTF‐900 and Ru‐CTF‐I‐900 respectively, following high‐temperature pyrolysis at 900 °C under N2 atmosphere. Predictably, the dispersed Ru on pristine CTF carrier suffered severe sintering of the Ru nanoparticles (NPs) during heat treatment at 900 °C. However, the Ru‐CTF‐I‐900 catalyst is composed of ultra‐small Ru NPs and abundant Ru single atoms which may have resulted from much stronger RuN interactions. Through modification of the micro‐environment within the CTF architecture, Ru precursor interacted on charged‐modulated CTF framework shows electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance, thus contributing toward the high density of single Ru atoms and even smaller Ru NPs after pyrolysis. A RuRu coordination number of only 1.3 is observed in the novel Ru‐CTF‐I‐900 catalyst, which exhibits significantly higher catalytic activity than Ru‐CTF‐900 for transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone.
Nidogen‐1 Mitigates Ischemia and Promotes Tissue Survival and Regeneration
Authors: Zbinden Aline , Layland Shannon L. , Urbanczyk Max , Carvajal Berrio Daniel A. , Marzi Julia , Zauner Monika , Hammerschmidt Anne , Brauchle Eva M. , Sudrow Katrin , Fink Simon , Templin Markus , Liebscher Simone , Klein Gerd , Deb Arjun , Duffy Garry P. , Crooks Gay M. , Eble Johannes A. , Mikkola Hanna K. A. , Nsair Ali , Seifert Martina , Schenke‐Layland Katja 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIschemia impacts multiple organ systems and is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Ischemia disrupts tissue homeostasis, driving cell death, and damages tissue structure integrity. Strategies to heal organs, like the infarcted heart, or to replace cells, as done in pancreatic islet β‐cell transplantations, are often hindered by ischemic conditions. Here, it is discovered that the basement membrane glycoprotein nidogen‐1 attenuates the apoptotic effect of hypoxia in cardiomyocytes and pancreatic β‐cells via the αvβ3 integrin and beneficially modulates immune responses in vitro. It is shown that nidogen‐1 significantly increases heart function and angiogenesis, while reducing fibrosis, in a mouse postmyocardial infarction model. These results demonstrate the protective and regenerative potential of nidogen‐1 in ischemic conditions.
A murine model of dengue virus infection in suckling C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice
Authors: Byrne Alana B. , García Ayelén G. , Brahamian Jorge M. , Mauri Aldana , Ferretti Adrián , Polack Fernando P. , Talarico Laura B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDengue is a significant public health concern across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, principally causing disease in children. Very young children are at increased risk of severe manifestations of dengue infection. The mechanism of dengue disease in this population is not fully understood. In this study, we present a murine model of dengue virus primary infection in suckling C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice in order to investigate disease pathogenesis. Three‐day‐old C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally infected with DENV‐2 NGC were more susceptible to infection than BALB/c mice, showing increased liver enzymes, extended viremia, dissemination to organs and histological alterations in liver and small intestine. Furthermore, the immune response in DENV‐infected C57BL/6 mice exhibited a marked Th1 bias compared to BALB/c mice. These findings highlight the possibility of establishing an immunocompetent mouse model of DENV‐2 infection in suckling mice that reproduces certain signs of disease observed in humans and that could be used to further study age‐related mechanisms of dengue pathogenesis.