bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Sociodemographic variables questionnaire (Q-SV) for research on family caregivers of children with chronic disease
Authors: Toledano-Toledano Filiberto , Rodríguez-Rey Rocío , Moral de la Rubia José , Luna David 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Chronic diseases in childhood can affect the physical and mental health of patients and their families. The literature on pediatric chronic diseases has found important associations between the sociodemographic variables of children and their caregivers and negative health consequences in families.

Methods
In this study, we aimed to design and validate a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables that would be useful for research on pediatric chronic diseases; and investigate the relationship between sociodemographic variables and psychosocial variables among family caregivers. First, we created a questionnaire that consists of 20 demographic, medical, and family-related items based on a literature review and expert evaluations. This questionnaire was then validated by 335 expert reviewers in the field of Social Work, who work daily with the families of patients with chronic diseases in 10 National Institutes of Health of Mexico. The validation was based on three empirical criteria created specifically for this study, and the reviewers evaluated the usefulness, relevance, and permanence of the items. In a second cross-sectional, correlational and comparative study, a total of 446 family caregivers of children with chronic diseases were interviewed, and they completed the Sociodemographic Variables Questionnaire for research on family caregivers of children with chronic sociodemographic diseases and four psychosocial measurement instruments for evaluating anxiety, depression, caregiver burden and quality of life.

Results
Based on the results of the first study, we created the Sociodemographic Variables Questionnaire (Q-SV) for research on family caregivers of children with chronic diseases, and it includes 17 items that assess demographic, medical, and family characteristics. The results of the second study showed that the 17 sociodemographic variables obtained in the validation by expert judges are useful for measuring and evaluating the relationship between psychosocial variables in families of children with chronic diseases.

Conclusions
Psychosocial and sociodemographic factors are relevant for the development of research processes for families that care for children with chronic diseases.
Decision-making styles in the context of colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Douma Linda N. , Uiters Ellen , Timmermans Danielle R. M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundOur study examined the use of decision-making styles, as identified by Scott and Bruce (1995) (i.e. differentiating between a rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant and spontaneous decision-making style), within the context of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening participation. In the field of cancer screening, informed decision-making is considered important, which follows the Rational Decision model. Subsequently, gaining more insight into decision-making styles being used in real life, could improve support to people when making their screening decision. In addition, we examined whether the decision-making style that people used was associated with their experienced decisional conflict.MethodsAn online survey was carried out among a sample of first-time CRC screening invitees (1282 respondents, response rate 49%). We assessed people’s decision-making styles, CRC screening participation, education level, self-reported health literacy, and decisional conflict, and examined the possible associations between them.ResultsIn our study, people who had to decide about CRC screening scored high on using both a rational and intuitive decision-making style. Respondents scoring higher on using a spontaneous or dependent decision-making style were more likely to have participated in CRC screening, while respondents scoring higher on using an avoidant decision-making style were more likelynotto have participated in CRC screening. However, differences were small. Generally, people in our study experienced low decisional conflict.ConclusionOur eligible CRC screening population scored high on using both a rational and intuitive decision-making style. To optimise support to people, public education materials could be appealing more to the intuitive processes at hand. That being said, the current education materials aimed at informed/rational decision-making do not necessarily seem to create a problem, as people generally experienced low decisional conflict. Possible concerns regarding the use of a spontaneous, dependent or avoidant decision-making style could be that these styles might be contributing to less informed decisions. However, it is relevant to consider that the found differences are small and that any possible concern applies to a relatively small group of people.
A comparative dimensionality reduction study in telecom customer segmentation using deep learning and PCA
Authors: Alkhayrat Maha , Aljnidi Mohamad , Aljoumaa Kadan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTelecom Companies logs customer’s actions which generate a huge amount of data that can bring important findings related to customer’s behavior and needs. The main characteristics of such data are the large number of features and the high sparsity that impose challenges to the analytics steps. This paper aims to explore dimensionality reduction on a real telecom dataset and evaluate customers’ clustering in reduced and latent space, compared to original space in order to achieve better quality clustering results. The original dataset contains 220 features that belonging to 100,000 customers. However, dimensionality reduction is an important data preprocessing step in the data mining process specially with the presence of curse of dimensionality. In particular, the aim of data reduction techniques is to filter out irrelevant features and noisy data samples. To reduce the high dimensional data, we projected it down to a subspace using well known Principal Component Analysis (PCA) decomposition and a novel approach based on Autoencoder Neural Network, performing in this way dimensionality reduction of original data. Then K-Means Clustering is applied on both-original and reduced data set. Different internal measures were performed to evaluate clustering for different numbers of dimensions and then we evaluated how the reduction method impacts the clustering task.
Prevalence of long gun use in Maryland firearm suicides
Authors: Nestadt Paul S. , MacKrell Kevin , McCourt Alexander D. , Fowler David R. , Crifasi Cassandra K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundFirearms account for the majority of US suicides, largely due to lethality and accessibility. Under Federal and Maryland law, long guns are less regulated than handguns which is a concern for increased suicide risk. This study uses Maryland data to ascertain the impact of long guns on suicides in the state. We hypothesize that the prevalence of long gun use among firearm suicides will be increased in rural and young populations.MethodsThis is a cross sectional study using police and medical examiner narratives to identify firearm type involved in all 3931 Maryland gun suicides from 2003 to 2018. Proportions of firearm suicides utilizing long guns were calculated. Urban-rural differences were determined using the National Center for Health Statistics’ classification system. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios of long gun to handgun suicides across the urban-rural spectrum, controlling for decedent demographics.ResultsFrom 2003 to 2018, 28.4% of Maryland gun suicides used long guns. The proportion of long guns used was highest in the most rural counties, where 51.6% of firearm suicides were by long gun, compared to 16.8% in the most urban counties. Long guns were disproportionately used by the young. For decedents 18 or younger, 44.6% used long guns, compared to 20.2% in those 65 or older. Compared to the most urban counties, firearm suicide decedents in the most rural counties were 3.74x more likely to use long guns (OR = 3.74; 95% CI 2.19, 6.40;p < .001) after adjusting for demographics, intoxication, and hunting season.ConclusionsLong guns are used in a large proportion of Maryland firearm suicides, particularly in rural areas and disproportionately in youth suicides. Long guns must be considered as part of access to lethal means or policy strategies in efforts to reduce the burden of firearm suicide.
Small-scale scattering heterogeneities beneath the northern Tien Shan from the teleseismic P wavefield
Authors: Ma Xiaolong , Huang Zongying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn order to investigate the small-scale scattering heterogeneities underneath the northern Tien Shan, we analyze the P wavefield from teleseismic events. By using the teleseismic fluctuation method, we separate the total wavefield into coherent and fluctuating parts in the frequency band of 0.1–8.0 Hz. Subsequently, we investigate the scattering characteristics by analyzing the frequency-dependent intensities of the coherent and fluctuating wavefield between 0.3 and 2.5 Hz. We further constrain the velocity perturbations and correlation lengths by modeling the P-wave coda envelope with the Monte Carlo simulation. Strong scattering heterogeneities are revealed beneath the northern Tien Shan. The preferred scattering model can be described as a ~ 55- to 130-km-thick randomly heterogeneous layer with velocity perturbations of 6–9% and correlation lengths on the order of 0.4 km. We attribute these small-scale scatterers to isolated melt pockets from the upwelling hot mantle materials.
Near-ridge-axis volcanism affected by hotspot: insights from effective elastic thickness and topography of the Ojin Rise Seamounts, east of Shatsky Rise in the northwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Shimizu Shoka , Nakanishi Masao , Sano Takashi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe used recently collected bathymetric data and published gravity data to examine the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere and the crustal thickness beneath the Ojin Rise Seamounts, located east of Shatsky Rise in the northwest Pacific Ocean. An admittance analysis of the bathymetric and gravity data indicates that the effective elastic thickness of the Pacific plate under the Ojin Rise Seamounts is 2.7 ± 0.1 km, implying that the seamounts were formed on or near the spreading ridge between the Pacific and Farallon plates. The mean crustal thickness beneath the seamounts estimated from the mantle Bouguer anomaly is 10.1 ± 1.7 km, which is thicker than the surrounding crust. The thick crust was probably formed by the interaction between the Pacific–Farallon ridge and a hotspot forming Shatsky Rise. Our results indicate that late-stage volcanism after the formation of the main edifices of Shatsky Rise spread widely beyond the eastern side of the rise, forming the Ojin Rise Seamounts.
Temporal variation in seismic moment release rate of slow slips inferred from deep low-frequency tremors in the Nankai subduction zone
Authors: Kono Yoko , Nakamoto Keita , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe examined seismic moment release rates as estimated from deep low-frequency tremors at episodic tremor and slip (ETS) zones on the plate interface in the Nankai subduction zone. Excluding periods with long-term slow slip events, we observe no clear temporal variation in the seismic moment release rate in the Tokai, the northern Kii, or Shikoku regions. We also find no variation in the seismic moment release rate related to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in the southern or central Kii region. These findings imply that the 2011 Tohoku earthquake has not affected slow slip activities in the Nankai subduction zone. For the southern and central Kii regions, a long-term decrease in the seismic moment release rate with time is apparent, irrespective of the occurrence of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, suggesting that frictional properties on slip planes at the ETS zone on the plate interface have varied over time.
The comprehensive detection of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in regulation of mouse melanocyte and skin development
Authors: Zhu Zhiwei , Ma Yueyue , Li Yuan , Li Pengfei , Cheng Zhixue , Li Huifeng , Zhang Lihuan , Tang Zhongwei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPigmentation development, is a complex process regulated by many transcription factors during development. With the development of the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), non-coding RNAs, such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, are found to play an important role in the function detection of related regulation factors. In this study, we provided the expression profiles and development of ncRNAs related to melanocyte and skin development in mice with black coat color skin and mice with white coat color skin during embryonic day 15 (E15) and postnatal day 7 (P7). The expression profiles of different ncRNAs were detected via RNA-seq and also confirmed by the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) method. GO and KEGG used to analyze the function the related target genes.ResultsWe identified an extensive catalogue of 206 and 183 differently expressed miRNAs, 600 and 800 differently expressed lncRNAs, and 50 and 54 differently expressed circRNAs, respectively. GO terms and pathway analysis showed the target genes of differentially expressed miRNA and lncRNA. The host genes of circRNA were mainly enriched in cellular process, single organism process. The target genes of miRNAs were mainly enriched in chromatin binding and calcium ion binding in the nucleus. The function of genes related to lncRNAs are post translation modification. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of lncRNAs and circRNAs displays a complex interaction between ncRNA and mRNA related to skin development, such asTcf4,Gnas, andGpnmsrelated to melanocyte development.ConclusionsThe ceRNA network of lncRNA and circRNA displays a complex interaction between ncRNA and mRNA related to skin development and melanocyte development. The embryonic and postnatal development of skin provide a reference for further studies on the development mechanisms of ncRNA during pigmentation.
Climate change evidence in tree growth and stand productivity at the upper treeline ecotone in the Polar Ural Mountains
Authors: Devi Nadezhda M. , Kukarskih Vladimir V. , Galimova Аrina A. , Mazepa Valeriy S. , Grigoriev Andrey A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Recent warming is affecting species composition and species areal distribution of many regions. However, although most treeline studies have estimated the rates of forest expansion into tundra, still little is known about the long-term dynamic of stand productivity at the forest-tundra intersection. Here, we make use of tree-ring data from 350 larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) and spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) sampled along the singular altitudinal treeline ecotone at the Polar Urals to assess the dynamic of stand establishment and productivity, and link the results with meteorological observations to identify the main environmental drivers.

Results
The analysis of stand instalment indicated that more than 90% of the living trees appeared after 1900. During this period, the stand became denser and moved 50 m upward, while in recent decades the trees of both species grew faster. The maximum afforestation occurred in the last decades of the twentieth century, and the large number of encountered saplings indicates that the forest is still expanding. The upward shift coincided with a slight increase of May–August and nearly doubling of September–April precipitation while the increase in growth matched with an early growth season warming (June + 0.27 °C per decade since 1901). This increase in radial growth combined with the stand densification led to a 6–90 times increase of biomass since 1950.

Conclusion
Tree-ring based twentieth century reconstruction at the treeline ecotone shows an ongoing forest densification and expansion accompanied by an increased growth. These changes are driven by climate change mechanism, whereby the leading factors are the significant increase in May–June temperatures and precipitation during the dormant period. Exploring of phytomass accumulation mechanisms within treeline ecotone is valuable for improving our understanding of carbon dynamics and the overall climate balance in current treeline ecosystems and for predicting how these will be altered by global change.
Pembrolizumab-induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: an immunotherapeutic challenge
Authors: Kalmuk James , Puchalla Jon , Feng Gong , Giri Anshu , Kaczmar John 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
As the number of indicated malignancies for which immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy such as pembrolizumab grows the descriptions of associated immune-related adverse events (irAEs) increases as well. On rare occasions immunotherapy can lead to development of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) which is a potentially lethal inflammatory disorder characterized by histiocyte activation and cytokine storm. At this time no cases of HLH developing in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients receiving pembrolizumab have been reported.

Case presentation
Here we describe the first documented case of pembrolizumab-induced HLH in a 61 year-old male with metastatic HNSCC after having received multiple prior cycles of pembrolizumab without event. Following cycle 14 the patient developed fever associated with new pancytopenia and transaminitis prompting hospital admission. Infectious workup was negative, his metastatic lesions were found to be stable, and there was no evidence of new malignancy. Further workup demonstrated hyperferritinemia and bone marrow biopsy demonstrated hemophagocytosis concerning for pembrolizumab-induced HLH. Etoposide and dexamethasone therapy was initiated leading to clinical improvement and safe discharge.

Conclusions
Immunotherapy is a groundbreaking therapeutic intervention for patients with malignancy, however by nature of their mechanism carry a risk of inflammatory side effects. In rare circumstances these inflammatory reactions include potentially deadly syndromes such as HLH. As immunotherapeutics such as pembrolizumab become more widely utilized increased awareness of complications such as HLH is clinically relevant.
Optimal integration of DGs into radial distribution network in the presence of plug-in electric vehicles to minimize daily active power losses and to improve the voltage profile of the system using bio-inspired optimization algorithms
Authors: Injeti Satish Kumar , Thunuguntla Vinod Kumar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The increase in plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) is likely to see a noteworthy impact on the distribution system due to high electric power consumption during charging and uncertainty in charging behavior. To address this problem, the present work mainly focuses on optimal integration of distributed generators (DG) into radial distribution systems in the presence of PEV loads with their charging behavior under daily load pattern including load models by considering the daily (24 h) power loss and voltage improvement of the system as objectives for better system performance.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve the desired outcomes, an efficient weighted factor multi-objective function is modeled. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Butterfly Optimization (BO) algorithms are selected and implemented to minimize the objectives of the system. A repetitive backward-forward sweep-based load flow has been introduced to calculate the daily power loss and bus voltages of the radial distribution system. The simulations are carried out using MATLAB software.

Findings
The simulation outcomes reveal that the proposed approach definitely improved the system performance in all aspects. Among PSO and BO, BO is comparatively successful in achieving the desired objectives.

Originality/value
The main contribution of this paper is the formulation of the multi-objective function that can address daily active power loss and voltage deviation under 24-h load pattern including grouping of residential, industrial and commercial loads. Introduction of repetitive backward-forward sweep-based load flow and the modeling of PEV load with two different charging scenarios.
Molecular identification, characterization, and expression analysis of a novel trypsin inhibitor-like cysteine-rich peptide from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Shakeel Muhammad , Zafar Junaid 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTrypsin inhibitor-like cysteine-rich domain (TIL)-type protease inhibitors have been reported to inhibit proteases such as trypsin, cathepsin, elastase, and chymotrypsin, and thus play a critical role in several physiological processes. However, the information about TIL peptides in insects is limited. In the present study, a novel cysteine-rich trypsin inhibitor-like protease, designated as HaTIL2, was isolated from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The cDNA sequence of HaTIL2 is 470 nucleotides long, with 240 nucleotides open reading frame encoding 80 amino acid residues. The analysis of genomic DNA revealed that the full-length genomic DNA sequence of HaTIL2 was 574 bp with two exons and one intron. The predicted molecular weight of HaTIL2 is 8.632 kDa, with an isoelectric point of 4.41. The results of neighbor-joining tree demonstrated that HaTIL2 was closely related to H. armigera TIL3, DmCEI, and DsCtAPI followed by TcIMI and MdCEI. The mRNA of HaTIL2 was constitutively expressed at different levels in different stages of H. armigera. The HaTIL2 showed a high expression on different days of the pupal stage, which revealed that HaTIL2 might play a vital role during the pupal stage. Although the detailed function of HaTIL2 needs to be elucidated, the obtained results are of particular importance to open up new avenues of research into the functional studies of insect peptidase inhibitors.