bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Text-Critical Issues With Samuel and Kings
Authors: Trebolle Barrera Julio , Ulrich Eugene 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is essential for any interpretive analysis of a biblical book—historical, literary, or theological—to know the character of the book’s various textual witnesses and establish a sound text. The Masoretic text is not the text of the Hebrew Bible; it is one text among others, including the Scrolls, the Samaritan, and the Septuagint. The text is developmental: it grew in different ways at different times and through the work of different authors/editors/scribes. Four separate levels of textual variation should be distinguished: variant literary editions, intentional insertions, individual variants, and orthography. The MT and LXX of Kings exhibit variant literary editions characterized by alternative readings, additions, double readings, a different arrangement of the materials, and a different chronological system. The kaige-Theodotionic and the Hexaplaric recensions provide empirical evidence of the textual growth of the Hebrew text from the first edition represented by the Vorlage of the LXX to a more developed and authorized edition represented by the (proto-)Masoretic Text.
Ezra and Nehemiah in Reception History
Authors: Siedlecki Armin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ezra and Nehemiah have typically commanded less attention in the history of interpretation than other heroes and heroines from the history of ancient Israel and Judah. Their place in the history of interpretation must be understood within the context of their own liminality. At the same time, however, their liminality also accorded them a connecting role between different divisions or categories, which could on occasion give them a surprisingly prominent position. They are situated between positions like exile and home, author and teacher, continuity and new beginning. While they do not fully occupy these types, they nevertheless serve to connect them, a condition that implies a strong hermeneutic potential.
Ezekiel in the Jewish Tradition
Authors: Eisenstat Yedida 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
After a brief survey of early rabbinic ambivalence toward this controversial prophetic book and its use in synagogue liturgy, this chapter traces the history of rabbinic interpretation of the repetition of “I said to you, ‘Through your blood, live’ ” in Ezek 16:6. The midrashic tradition ascribes redemptive power to these “two bloods”—of circumcision and of the paschal lamb. This chapter argues that the “bloods” of the verse become metonyms for all of the commandments through which Jews realize their covenant with God. Both blood and circumcision (or lack thereof) were weighty symbols for Christians, too; so as Jews migrated into Christendom in larger numbers in the eleventh century, they had to address Christianity’s competing claims to the same covenant. The addition of this verse to the Jews’ circumcision liturgy upon their arrival in northern Europe can be explained in light of these shared symbols.
Structural Response to Non-Stationary Thunderstorm Outflows
Authors: Kwon Dae Kun , Solari Giovanni , Kareem Ahsan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The mechanics associated with thunderstorm outflows differ significantly from traditional turbulence in boundary layer winds both in its kinematics and dynamics. The key distinguishing attributes are the contrasting velocity profile with height, a rapid increase in speed, and the statistical features of the energetic gusts in the wind field, exhibiting a strong non-stationarity. This raises serious questions regarding the applicability of conventional stationary process-based theories, thus calling for a paradigm shift. This chapter reviews popular approaches concerning the structural analysis of non-stationary thunderstorm outflows, such as evolutionary power spectrum-based analysis, wavelet-based analysis, thunderstorm response spectrum technique involving the equivalent wind spectrum, and hybrid simulation-based analysis in the time domain. Finally, some preliminary comparisons between the results obtained using these different methods are presented.
Forecasting of Tornadoes and Downbursts
Authors: Romanic Djordje 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Tornadoes and downbursts cause extreme wind speeds that often present a threat to human safety, structures, and the environment. While the accuracy of weather forecasts has increased manifold over the past several decades, the current numerical weather prediction models are still not capable of explicitly resolving tornadoes and small-scale downbursts in their operational applications. This chapter describes some of the physical (e.g., tornadogenesis and downburst formation), mathematical (e.g., chaos theory), and computational (e.g., grid resolution) challenges that meteorologists currently face in tornado and downburst forecasting.
Mexican Elites
Authors: Gilbert Dennis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A shifting constellation of elites shaped Mexican society in four periods from the late colonial era in the eighteenth century through the era of one-party rule in the mid-to-late twentieth. This essay explores the relations among the elites of these periods, including economic elites, state and party officials, revolutionaries, the professional military, and Church leaders. Themes include elite cohesion or conflict, the centralization or decentralization of elite power, the bases and preservation of elite fortunes, and social relations among elites.
Healthcare Antitrust in the United States
Authors: Greaney Thomas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the pivotal role of antitrust law in shaping institutional and professional arrangements in American healthcare. Historically, much of what can be broadly classified as “competition policy” in healthcare is found in the application of traditional antitrust principles to the conduct and structure of provider and payer organizations rather than in any sweeping statutory enactments. Although some landmark legislation removed some important barriers to the growth of managed care, the task of dealing with unacceptable practices and problematic market structures has been left to standard antitrust law. The chapter then addresses the interplay of administrative regulation with antitrust law enforcement, noting particularly those areas where the goals of antitrust are in tension with regulation and discussing the doctrinal accommodations made to deal with that problem. It also explores the critical and delicate balance antitrust law must strike in promoting competitively structured markets while taking into account market imperfections and hard-to-measure outcome variables.
Introduction to Antitrust and the Provision of Healthcare in the United States and European Union
Authors: Greaney Thomas , Odudu Okeoghene 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses healthcare provision in the United States and European Union, setting out some of the challenges faced and solutions adopted when seeking to use antitrust law to address market power problems arising in systems of healthcare provision. In the United States, where market solutions have greatest acceptance, antitrust has played and continues to play an important role in setting boundaries regarding conduct that providers and payers may undertake. In European jurisdictions, despite the apparent absence of markets, antitrust has played a similar role on the provider side while leaving the payer side largely untouched. Thus, antitrust has been used to prevent the use or abuse of market power held by healthcare professionals, institutional healthcare providers, or a combination of the two groups, to ensure that such agreements are in the interests of healthcare service users rather than the professionals or providers themselves. Where antitrust has struggled in European jurisdictions is with the behavior of payers and the decisions that payers make—revealing, in Europe at least, some limits of antitrust.
Introduction to Provider Conflicts of Interest in Health Care
Authors: Roksandić Sunčana , Saver Richard S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter evaluates provider conflicts of interest in healthcare. Healthcare providers and institutions typically balance an array of competing interests, such as economic gain, the desire to favor colleagues, to advance in one's academic or professional career, or the needs of other patients. Conflicts of interest pervade most healthcare systems and pose considerable risks, both systemic and patient-focused, including increasing costs, harming patients, limiting choice, biasing publication decisions, and eroding trust in healthcare providers and institutions. A key element common to most interpretations of conflicts of interest is the provider's exposure to undue influence from a secondary interest. A second key element is that a conflict of interest can occur when there is merely the perception of undue influence by a secondary interest. Perception that a healthcare provider's independence has been compromised leads to reputational risk and undermines the trust of other stakeholders.
Kicks in Style: A Punk Design Aesthetic
Authors: Bestley Russ 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In parallel to the broad diversity of musical styles that accompanied the early punk explosion, the graphic design and visual communication strategies tell a similarly wide-ranging story. This chapter explores the complex relationship between the stereotype of “authentic” do-it-yourself (DIY) punk graphics and the music industry professionals who created many of the visual conventions that came to be closely associated with the subculture. While the groundswell of amateur artists, illustrators, photographers, typographers, and other cultural producers inspired by the subculture to create a new aesthetic should not be underestimated, their story has become almost the default history of punk graphic design. The role of design professionals—often with many years of experience within the music industry—has frequently been overlooked, an embarrassing secret kept in the closet for fear of undermining notions of authenticity and punk’s revolutionary rhetoric.
Touch Me I’m Rich: From Grunge to Alternative Nation
Authors: Moore Ryan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The grunge scene originally developed in Seattle as an amalgam of the sounds and styles of punk and metal during the late 1980s. Like the initial punk subculture of the 1970s, grunge spoke to alienated young people growing up in a time of economic dislocation and social discord. But in the early 1990s, grunge suddenly catapulted to the top of the charts and made an enormous impact on mainstream music, fashion, and culture through the success of bands like Nirvana and Pearl Jam. The appropriation of grunge by commercial popular culture can only be understood as part of a larger transformation within late capitalism that facilitated the commodification of a wide range of formerly “alternative” or “underground” subcultures. Various commercial forces sought to capitalize on the perceived authenticity of grunge in a moment that demanded innovative methods of stealth marketing to “Generation X.” However, this threatened the enduring oppositions between art and commerce and alternative and mainstream that define “subcultural capital,” and was met with a backlash from young people. This chapter examines the rise and fall of grunge within the context of these larger dynamics of late capitalism.
Humanism and Political Identity
Authors: Navarro-Rivera Juhem 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter focuses on humanist political identities and how these shape views on various social, cultural, and political matters. The chapter considers “humanists” as people (a) who are nontheistic, meaning they do not believe in God; and (b) whose worldviews are shaped not by religious belief but by science and philosophy. This definition of humanist overlaps with the segment of the population that consider itself atheist but is not entirely composed of self-identified atheists. For this reason, the humanist cohort is not limited to the nonreligious. An analysis of the 2014 Religious Landscape Survey conducted by the Pew Research Center’s Religion & Public Life Project shows that humanists in the United States hold views about politics, economics, and culture that are more liberal than most religious Americans. As humanism becomes better known and embraced by more nonreligious Americans, their views could become an important part of the Democratic Party coalition.
Humanism and Literature
Authors: Strube Miriam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores multiple connections between humanism and literature in Europe and the United States. The period covered extends from antiquity to the twenty-first century. The first part of the chapter discusses the intrinsic connection between literature and humanism, the humanist program and literary form, humanism institutionalizing literature since the Renaissance, and humanist education and liberal arts. The second part turns more directly to literary works (the nineteenth-century democratic tradition, Black humanism, and ecohumanism), presenting exemplary readings from humanist scholars. These readings show, first, how literature has continuously broadened the humanist focus, especially in terms of sociopolitical and intersectional themes, and second, that literature fulfills a fundamental function in humanist scholarship across the disciplines.
An Intersectional Approach to the ‘Mobility Trap’ That Ensnares Migrant Youth in China
Authors: Gu Xiaorong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This essay explores the theory of intersectionality in the study of youths’ lives and social inequality in the Global South. It begins with an overview of the concept of intersectionality and its wide applications in social sciences, followed by a proposal for regrounding the concept in the political economic systems in particular contexts (without assuming the universality of capitalist social relations in Northern societies), rather than positional identities. These systems lay material foundations, shaping the multiple forms of deprivation and precarity in which Southern youth are embedded. A case study of rural migrant youths’ ‘mobility trap’ in urban China is used to illustrate how layers of social institutions and structures in the country’s transition to a mixed economy intersect to influence migrant youths’ aspirations and life chances. The essay concludes with ruminations on the theoretical and social implications of the political-economy-grounded intersectionality approach for youth studies.
Precarity, Fixers, and New Imaginative Subjectivities of Youth in Urban Cameroon
Authors: Fuh Divine 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This essay explores how it may be possible to dismantle and recreate frameworks for understanding youth agency and precarity in African cities. These are places where youth are regularly portrayed as toxic. The essay reflects and builds on an emerging body of literature that approaches youth as civic agents actively involved in reimagining and recreating alternative possibilities for themselves and their communities. Addressing these works, the notion of fixers is used to unpack the ways in which young men exhibit care and solidarity in urban Cameroon. Through productive masculinities, urban youth develop new modes of agency that allow them to become entrepreneurs of hope, despite the permanent difficulties of finding a place in a society that apparently does not have one for them.
Necropolitics and Young Mapuche Activists as a Public Menace in Argentina
Authors: Kropff Causa Laura 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Drawing from Latin-American and Argentinean ethnic studies, in dialogue with African philosophy and African youth studies, this essay addresses collective agency as it emerges at the intersection of age and ethnicity within national formations of otherness. These formations organize how people live and define who must die and how. The aim is to develop a theoretical input to enrich the debate on the concept of intersectionality. The essay focuses on how young Mapuche activism dismantles and/or reproduces identities and experiences available to Mapuche youth in contemporary Argentina. This activism gained prominence recently due to a neoliberal change in national politics that rearranged the relationship between the nation and its internal others in order to legitimize violent repression of social protest. Within this context, young Mapuche activists (mainly male) are portrayed as a public menace.
Personhood and Youth-Making in Contemporary Indigenous Amazonia
Authors: Virtanen Pirjo Kristiina , Manchinery Alessandra Severino da Silva 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This essay looks at the construction of personhood in Brazilian Amazonia from the perspective of Indigenous youth. In Amazonian sociocosmology, personhood is constructed relationally, a process in which the body is a distinctive factor. Consequently, during schooling and university studies, young people have responded to and resisted representations and policies that have often silenced Indigenous voices and limited their fabrication of bodies. The contemporary social responsibilities of Indigenous youth and the challenges faced in undertaking them shape how their subjectivity, agency, and recognized social belonging are being constantly increased, removed, or even denied. The essay draws from anthropological theories of relational personhood, as well as ideas of geo- and body-politics present in theorizing on the Global South.
Theorizing Curation
Authors: Davis Jenny L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Through a theoretical and substantive review, the author argues that curation is a central thread that weaves together and underlies multiple and diverse elements of personal and public life. This argument is built on a theoretical scaffold which delineates curation as a situated matrix of production and consumption, networks, and code. Defined broadly as the discriminate selection and organization of materials, the author documents curation as it figures into identity processes, content moderation, news and information, and recommender systems. The curatorial matrix (production and consumption, networks and code) ties together distinct literatures from across internet and information studies. This places scholars in conversation with each other and demonstrates curation as a foundational process in an environment marked by data saturation. The author first outlines curation as a theoretical construct and then reviews select works, rooting them in the curatorial matrix.
From “Impact” to “Negotiation”
Authors: Puckett Cassidy , Rafalow Matthew H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors reframe the question of the “impact” of educational technology use as a sociopolitical negotiation, linking to broader processes of social stratification deeply embedded in the fabric of educational systems. While prior research asks narrowly, “What is the impact of technology use in schools?” the new approach asks, “How does the negotiation of existing inequalities shape unequal use and unequal outcomes?” Comparing past scholarship to more recent research that uses this new approach, the authors highlight the benefits of this reframing. Viewed as the negotiation of preexisting inequality, research shows that educational technology use involves the ongoing categorization of technology use and the matching of privileged groups to privileged technology uses and links micro- and meso-level processes to macro-level social stratification. Overall, the authors highlight the need for research on educational technologies that takes a critical perspective on the intimate connection between school technology use and inequality.
Divided Against Itself
Authors: Muldoon Paul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines how the prior occupation of Indigenous peoples compromises the acquisition of sovereignty over Australia and undermines the integrity of its governing institutions. It explains why the principle of terra nullius provides an unstable basis for the polity and how an adherence to conventional notions of sovereignty prevents it from developing a lawful relationship with First Nations. The chapter concludes by arguing for a more relational conception of political community in which Indigenous sovereignty is not suppressed out of fear of division.
Inside Competitive Electoral Authoritarianism in Zimbabwe, 2008–2018
Authors: Zamchiya Phillan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Most African states today are characterized as hybrid regimes that occupy a ‘grey zone’ between liberal democracy and naked authoritarianism. Whilst political scientists often argue that these regimes produce a competitive electoral authoritarianism, their arguments generalize across a diverse range of regimes and overlook local logics of electoral subversion. This article therefore provides a detailed empirical investigation through a case study of the 2013 and 2018 general elections in Zimbabwe. Since the end of British colonial rule in 1980, Zimbabwe has kept its constitutional obligation to hold regular elections. However, the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) has used multiple strategies to manipulate elections, remaining in power despite the creation of a popular opposition, the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), in 1999. Scholarly attempts to explain this hegemony through the competitive advantages of the incumbent and ‘smart rigging’ fail to address adequately local patterns of electoral manipulation and their delegitimizing effects. Central to ZANU-PF’s strategy is the conflation of the state and the ruling party from the centre down to the village level, with coercion as the perennial autocratic feature. However, in the June 2008 elections, the use of naked coercion undermined ZANU-PF’s power and legitimacy. Subsequently, in the 2013 and 2018 general elections, ZANU-PF relied upon covert manipulation, but never wholly gave up coercion because the opposition remained competitive, and political legitimacy contested. A view from marginal rural areas, which have been neglected in academic studies, provides invaluable insight into the interplay of electoral strategies and helps to illuminate how a delegitimized ruling party clings to power.
Hinduism and Meditation
Authors: Wernicke-Olesen Bjarne 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Yoga, meditation, and asceticism have been intimately linked throughout Indian religious history since the early beginnings in the ascetic reformism of India’s “axial age.” Traditional yoga addresses the main concerns of the ascetic reformism and is a practical method to solve the problem of suffering and attain liberation from this world. It primarily refers to the practice of meditation as described and systematized in the later classical yoga of Patañjali, where yoga is a synonym for non-cognitive samādhi, the highest state of consciousness. As indicated in the Upaniṣads and the yoga-auxiliaries, meditation consists in stilling the body, the senses, and the mind through a withdrawal of the senses, breath-control, and fixing the mind on a single point (including god or īśvara) as a way to reach samādhi. These techniques were combined with Sāṃkhya philosophy and other ideas and terminology (especially Buddhist) from the ascetic reformism discourse and systematized into a whole by Patañjali in the Pātañjalayogaśāstra in the fourth century ce. Via this kind of Brahmanical Sanskritic adaptation of ascetic practices, yoga and meditation became gradually incorporated into the mainstream of Indian religious life and were successfully exported to the Western world almost two millennia later.