bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-VEGF Treatment in Corneal Diseases
Authors: Giannaccare Giuseppe , Pellegrini Marco , Bovone Cristina , Spena Rossella , Senni Carlotta , Scorcia Vincenzo , Busin Massimo 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Corneal neovascularization (CN) is a clue feature of different ocular pathological
conditions and can lead to corneal edema and opacification with subsequent vision loss. Vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which plays a key role in new vessels formation, proliferation
and migration, was found to be up-regulated in these conditions. Nowadays, it is possible to downregulate
the angiogenic process by using anti-VEGF agents administered by different routes.

Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy, safety and possible future directions of anti-VEGF agents used for
the treatment of CNV owing to different aetiologies.

Methods:
A computerized search of articles dealing with the topic of anti-VEGF therapy in CN was
conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Medline electronic databases. The following key phrases were
used: anti-VEGF agents, corneal neovascularization, bevacizumab, ranibizumab, vascular endothelial
growth factor, angiogenesis.

Results:
The use of anti-VEGF therapy in the treatment of CN reduced pathological vessel density
without causing significant side effects. Various administration routes such as topical, subconjunctival
and intrastromal ones are available, and the choice depends on patient and disease characteristics.
Much more effectiveness is achieved in case of early administration before mature and wellestablished
vessels take place. A combined approach between various drugs including anti-VEGF
agents should be adopted in those cases at higher risk of neovascularization recurrence such as chronic
long-standing diseases where ischemic and inflammatory stimuli are not definitively reversed.

Conclusion:
The efficacy and safety of anti-VEGF agents support their adoption into the daily clinical
practice for the management of CN.
The Antihypertensive, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Peptides from Arthrospira with Therapeutic Potential: A Mini Review
Authors: Montalvo Grecia E. Barriga , Vandenberghe Luciana Porto de Souza , Soccol Vanete Thomaz , Carvalho Júlio Cesar de , Soccol Carlos Ricardo 
Published: March 2020

:
The interest in biological peptides from Arthrospira sp. (syn Spirulina) is
increasing due to its Generally Recognised as Safe “GRAS” status, the high
concentration of proteins and the history of its use as a supplement and nutraceutical
agent. Arthrospira peptides can be generated by the controlled hydrolysis of proteins,
using proteases, followed by fractionation. The peptides obtained have a range of
therapeutic effects. Amongst these bioactive peptides, three classes are of major
importance: the antihypertensive (AHP), antimicrobial (AMP) and anticancer (ACP)
peptides. AHPs have the ability to work as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme
(ACE), and help to control several diseases such as hypertension, obesity, and
cardiovascular issues, AMPs play a crucial role in the immune response, inhibiting the
development of pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and others, while ACPs can
aid in tumour control by the induction of apoptosis or necrosis, or the inhibition of
angiogenesis. Thus, bioactive peptides are of great significance to the pharmaceutical
industry. However, they can show secondary effects. This paper reviews the inhibition
mechanism of antimicrobial, hypertensive and anticancer peptides from Arthrospira sp.,
and the possible structures of the peptides according to the type of activity and its
intensity. In addition, this paper describes the purification methods of absorption
mechanisms, and reviews databases for designing peptides.
Knockdown of miR-124 Reduces Depression-like Behavior by Targeting CREB1 and BDNF
Authors: Yang Wei , Liu Min , Zhang Qianwei , Zhang Jiahua , Chen Jun , Chen Qiaoyun , Suo Lixia 
Published: March 2020

Objective:
As a brain-specific microRNA, the mechanism of miR-124 in depression has
not been clarified so far. The present study aimed to explore the role of miR-124 in depression and
its potential targets.

Methods:
The depression model was first replicated by the chronic unpredictable mild stress
(CUMS) method. miR-124 antagomir was injected into the hippocampus of CUMS rats. Sucrose
preference test (SPT), open-field test (OFT), elevated-plus maze (EPM), and forced swimming test
(FST) were used to analyze the depression-like behavior. The content of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine
(DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the hypothalamus was analyzed by ELISA.
qRT-PCR and western blot assay were used for functional analysis.

Results:
miR-124 expression was up-regulated in the hippocampus of CUMS -induced depression
model rats, while CREB1 and BDNF were down-regulated. Administration of miR-124 antagomir
in the hippocampus inhibited miR-124 expression in the hippocampus of CUMS rats. Additionally,
SPT, OFT, EPM, and FST also showed that miR-124 antagomir can reduce the depression-like
behavior of CUMS rats. Furthermore, miR-124 antagomir injection increased the levels of NE, DA
and 5-HT in the hypothalamus of CUMS rats. Moreover, miR-124 antagomir injection increased
the expression of cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein1 (CREB1) and brain-derived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. Using the dual-luciferase reporter assay, it was
confirmed that miR-124 directly targets 3'UTR of CREB1 and BDNF genes.

Conclusion:
Knockdown of miR-124 can improve depression-like behavior in CUMS-induced depressive
rats, which may be related at least in part to the up-regulation of CREB1 and BDNF expression
in the hippocampus.
Recent Trends in Development of Nanomaterials Based Green Analytical Methods for Environmental Remediation
Authors: Amin Sidra , Solangi Amber R. , Hassan Dilawar , Hussain Nadir , Ahmed Jamil , Baksh Hadi 
Published: March 2020

Background:
In recent years, the occurrence and fate of environmental pollutants has
been recognized as one of the emerging issues in environmental chemistry. A survey documented a
wide variety of these pollutants, which are often detected in our environment and these are a major
cause of shortened life spans and global warming. These pollutants include toxic metal, pesticides,
fertilizers, drugs, and dyes released into the soil and major water bodies. The presence of these contaminants
causes major disturbance in the balance of the eco-system. To tackle these issues, many
technological improvements are made to detect minute contaminations. The latest issue being answered
by scientists is the use of green nanomaterials as sensors which are economical, instant and
give much better results at low concentrations and can be used for the field measurements resulting
in no dangerous by-product that could lead to more environmental contamination. Nanomaterials are
known for their wide bandgap, enhanced physical, and optical properties with the option of tuneability
as per need, by optimizing certain parameters. They are proved to be a good choice for analytical/
optical sensors with high sensitivity.

Objective:
This review holds information about multiple methods that use green nanomaterials for
the analytical assessment of environmental pollutants. UV-Vis spectrophotometry and electrochemical
analysis using green and reproducible nanomaterials are the major focus of this review article. To
date, there are a number of spectrophotometric and electrochemical methods available that have been
used for the detection of environmental pollutants such as toxic metals, pesticides, and dyes.

Conclusion:
The use of nanomaterials can drastically change the detection limits due to having a
large surface area, strong catalytic properties, and tunable possibility. With the use of nanomaterials,
lower than the marked limit of detection and limit of quantification were seen when compared with
previously reported work. The used nanomaterials could be washed, dried, and reused, which makes
the methods more proficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly.
Central Nervous System Depressants and Risk of Hospitalization due to Community-Acquired Pneumonia in very Old Patients
Authors: Espinosa Jeronimo , Alvarez Paulino A. , Castro Veronica , Caceres Maria F. , Soler-Riera Maria C. , Bril Fernando 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants like antipsychotics, opioids,
benzodiazepines and zolpidem are frequently used by patients of a wide range of ages. Uncertainty
remains about their effect in very old adults (>80 years old) and their potential for pharmacodynamic
and pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions in this population.

Objective:
To assess if the use of CNS depressants is associated with a higher risk of hospitalization
due to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in very old patients.

Methods:
In this prospective study, 362 patients over 80 years of age who had been consequently
admitted to the general ward of a teaching hospital were examined. Each patient was assessed, by
our pharmacovigilance team within 24 hours of admission, to identify outpatient medication use and
potential drug-drug interactions.

Results:
The overall use of CNS depressants as a group was not associated with a higher risk of
admission due to CAP in very old patients (55% vs. 49%; OR=1.28 [0.76-2.16], p=0.34). However,
the use of antipsychotics was associated with a higher rate of admissions due to CAP in this population
(OR=1.98 [1.10-3.57], p=0.02). No association was seen between opioids (p=0.27), zolpidem
(p=0.83), or benzodiazepines (p=0.15) and the rate of admissions due to CAP in these patients.
Moreover, pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic interactions leading to CNS depression were
equally found in patients admitted for CAP and those admitted for other reasons.

Conclusion:
The use of antipsychotics in very old adults was associated with an increased risk of
hospital admission due to CAP. This suggests that the use of these medications in this population
should be done with caution. No association was observed with opioids, benzodiazepines and
zolpidem with the latter outcome.
Behavioral Evaluation of the Effects of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Suaeda vermiculata Forssk on Rats
Authors: Mohammed Hamdoon A. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Suaeda vermiculata is one of the widely distributed halophytes in central
Saudi Arabia. The plant is used as a remedy for liver diseases, jaundice, and inflammation. S.
vermiculata is also used as camels' food by local shepherds.

Purpose:
The study aims to evaluate the behavioral antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of S.
vermiculata aqueous and ethanol extracts.

Methods:
Aqueous and ethanol extracts of S. vermiculata were prepared by the maceration technique.
Standard forced swim test cylinder and light/dark chamber device were used to evaluate the
antidepressant and anxiolytic activities of the extracts (200 mg/kg) in rats model, respectively.

Results:
The aqueous and ethanol extracts of S. vermiculata showed remarkable antidepressant
activity with significant increase in the swimming time and reduced immobility in the rats compared
to imipramine treated animals (P<0.05). Ethanol extract increased the swimming time by
20% and decreased the immobility time by more than 60% compared to the control group of animals.
In contrast, the extracts induced the anxiety behavior in experimental rats compared to vehicle-
treated animals. The extracts significantly (P<0.001) reduced the time spent by rats in the
light chamber by more than 50% and increased the time spent in dark chamber as compared with
the control group and the group receiving diazepam.

Conclusion:
The medicinally important plant S. vermiculata induced anxiety behavior with antidepressant
activity in rats. These effects from our point of view are similar to the effects of some
common beverages containing caffeine such as coffee and tea.
Satisfaction with Singlehood in Never-Married Singles: The Role of Gender and Culture
Authors: Ochnik Dominika , Slonim Gal 
Published: March 2020

Aim:
The aim of this study was to reveal the role of gender and culture (German vs Polish) in Satisfaction With Singlehood (SWS).

Background:
Due to the number of singles increasing over the past decades, the assessment of the extent to which such people are satisfied with their singlehood and establishment of specific variables enabling satisfaction with life in singlehood to be predicted seem valid. An additional factor was gender and culture, as feminine and masculine roles are defined mainly by familial and matrimonial life and diverse cultural context.

Methods:
Study 1 encompassed 512 never married childless singles above 30 years old, Study 2: 196 Polish never-married singles, and Study 3: 265 German never-married singles (pairfam data).
Research methods were: Satisfaction with singlehood, Multidimensional Sexuality Questionnaire (MSQ), Inventory of Gender Assessment (IPP), Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory (MSEI), UCLA III Loneliness Scale, Romantic Beliefs Scale (RBS), Interpersonal Competences Questionnaire (ICQ), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). German sample was retrieved from The German Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics – pairfam.

Results:
Study 1 revealed significant medium effects of gender and country, with women and German sample reporting a higher SWS. Study 2 showed different prediction models for Polish sample. SWS was explained by satisfaction with life, romantic belief, loneliness, and competence in women. The predictors in Polish men were: initiating relationships and internal sexual control. Study 3 revealed willingness to have a partner as the only predictor in German women, and in German men: satisfaction with life, loneliness and mating confidence.

Conclusion:
Satisfaction With Singlehood (SWS) was higher in women than men, regardless of culture. German single never-married women were the most satisfied group. Traditional masculine role predicted higher SWS in single men. Satisfaction with singlehood proved to be separate from satisfaction with life.
DESIGN AND DISCOURSE OF MODERN STANDARD ARABIC E-TEXTBOOK
Authors: Thohir Muhammad , Kurjum Mohammad , Muhid Abdul 
Published: March 2020

An E-textbook of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) is an important device that supports the on-line practical aspects of the teaching Arabic as a foreign language (TAFL). The present study was aimed at describing the characteristics of the design and discourse of the Schulz’s E-textbooks of MSA. The study focused on Schulz MSA E-Textbook as an instructional material package of standard Arabic of the intermediate levels (B1 and B2 levels). The study used the qualitative research approach with the discourse-analysis method of data analyses.The results showed the following findings. The design of the E-package is web-based with multimedia as resources. The content prioritizes on grammar material in each initial lesson unit of the textbook. Although standard modern Arabic is used as the language variant for the language skills, colloquial language variants are given sufficient attention that can be accessed only in the E-edition version of the package. In terms of the contents of the discourse, a wide selection of texts are used with varied themes in the field of education, social affairs, economy, culture, politics, religion, environment, and technology. Citations embedded in header texts do not always match the contents of the discourse. The religious discourse pieces in the materials seem to be positioned more as socio-cultural facts rather than as theological facts. Keywords: E-textbook, Modern Standard Arabic, discourse, learning material DESAIN DAN WACANA BUKU PELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB BAKU AbstrakBuku ajar elektronik bahasa Arab standar merupakan perangkat penting yang mendukung aspek-aspek praktis online pada pembelajaran bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa asing (PBABA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan karakteristik desain dan muatan wacana buku ajar elektronik bahasa Arab Standar. Kajian difokuskan pada e-text karya Eckehard Schulz yang banyak digunakan di Indonesia dan dibatasi pada tingkat menengah (tingkat B1-B2). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan analisis wacana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan temuan berikut. Desain e-textbook MSA Schulz berkarakter web based dengan multimedia sebagai resources. Kontennya memprioritaskan materi tata bahasa di setiap awal pelajaran. Meskipun keterampilan berbahasa Arab ditekankan pada penggunaan variasi standar atau modern language, variasi colloquial language mendapat perhatian cukup memadai yang hanya dapat diakses dalam versi e-edition. Dari segi muatan wacana, ia menghadirkan banyak muatan seperti pendidikan, sosial, ekonomi, budaya, politik, agama, lingkungan, dan teknologi. Kutipan yang disematkan di setiap header halaman tidak selalu cocok dengan isi wacana. Yang menarik, wacana agama di dalamnya terlihat lebih diposisikan sebagai fakta sosial-budaya daripada fakta teologis. Kata kunci: buku elektronik, bahasa Arab standar, wacana, kegiatan pembelajaran
TRANSLATION PROCEDURES AND IDEOLOGY OF TWO DIFFERENT ENGLISH TRANSLATION VERSIONS OF SURAH AL-FATIHAH: A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Sukarno Sukarno , Adilia Risyah , Setiarini Riskia 
Published: March 2020

English translation of the Holy Qur’an comes as solutions for Muslims and non-Muslims worldwide to be able to understand the message of the Holy Qur’an besides its authentic Arabic text. Two of the most famous versions are translated by Saheeh International SI (2004) and Abdel Haleem hereafter AH (2004). Since Arabic and English belong to different language families, the translations resulted in the variation of lexicons and grammatical structures to express the same meaning in English from the Holy Qur’an. This research attempts to reveal how lexical and grammatical differences happened in two different English translation versions of surah al-Fatihah by SI and AH. The data were analyzed using a contrastive analysis method with content analysis. The results showed that firstly, there are lexical and grammatical differences in the five ayats. Secondly, SI used procedures that are mostly oriented to the SLT such as transcription and componential analysis while AH used procedures that are mostly oriented to the TLT such as modulation and contraction. Lastly, the two translators applied different dominant ideologies on their translations. SI represents the foreignization ideology while AH represents domestication ideology. Keywords: al-Fatihah, English translation, contrastive analysis, translation procedures, translation ideology PROSEDUR PENERJEMAHAN DAN IDEOLOGI DALAM DUA VERSI TERJEMAHAN BAHASA INGGRIS SURAT AL-FATIHAH: SEBUAH ANALISIS KONTRASTIF AbstrakTerjemahan bahasa Inggris dari kitab suci AlQur’an adalah sebuah solusi untuk orang-orang muslim dan nonmuslim di seluruh dunia untuk dapat memahami isi dari kitab suci AlQur’an di samping teks Arab aslinya. Di antara versi terjemahan-terjemahan kitab suci AlQur’an, dua yang paling terkenal diterjemahkan oleh Saheeh International yang disingkat SI (2004) dan Abdel Haleem (2004) yang disingkat AH. Karena bahasa Arab dan bahasa Inggris berasal dari keluarga bahasa yang berbeda, terdapat beberapa perbedaan leksikal dan gramatikal dalam terjemahan dari kitab suci Al-Qur’an untuk menunjukkan makna yang sama di dalam bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana perbedaan leksikal dan gramatikal terjadi pada dua versi terjemahan surah al-Fatihah oleh SI dan AH. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis kontrastif dengan analisis konten. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, terdapat perbedaan leksikal dan gramatikal yang dapat ditemukan di 5 ayat. Kedua, SI menggunakan prosedur yang kebanyakan berorientasi pada bahasa sumber seperti transkripsi dan analisis komponen, sedangkan AH menggunakan prosedur yang kebanyakan berorientasi pada bahasa sasaran seperti modulasi dan reduksi. Selain itu, SI cenderung menggunakan ideologi foreignisasi, sedangkan AH cenderung menggunakan ideologi domestikasi. Kata kunci: Al-Fatihah, terjemahan bahasa Inggris, analisis kontrastif, prosedur penerjemahan, ideologi penerjemahan
Autoencoder as a New Method for Maintaining Data Privacy While Analyzing Videos of Patients With Motor Dysfunction: Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: D'Souza Marcus , Van Munster Caspar E P , Dorn Jonas F , Dorier Alexis , Kamm Christian P , Steinheimer Saskia , Dahlke Frank , Uitdehaag Bernard M J , Kappos Ludwig , Johnson Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Background
In chronic neurological diseases, especially in multiple sclerosis (MS), clinical assessment of motor dysfunction is crucial to monitor the disease in patients. Traditional scales are not sensitive enough to detect slight changes. Video recordings of patient performance are more accurate and increase the reliability of severity ratings. When these recordings are automated, quantitative disability assessments by machine learning algorithms can be created. Creation of these algorithms involves non–health care professionals, which is a challenge for maintaining data privacy. However, autoencoders can address this issue.

Objective
The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to test whether coded frame vectors of autoencoders contain relevant information for analyzing videos of the motor performance of patients with MS.

Methods
In this study, 20 pre-rated videos of patients performing the finger-to-nose test were recorded. An autoencoder created encoded frame vectors from the original videos and decoded the videos again. The original and decoded videos were shown to 10 neurologists at an academic MS center in Basel, Switzerland. The neurologists tested whether the 200 videos were human-readable after decoding and rated the severity grade of each original and decoded video according to the Neurostatus-Expanded Disability Status Scale definitions of limb ataxia. Furthermore, the neurologists tested whether ratings were equivalent between the original and decoded videos.

Results
In total, 172 of 200 (86.0%) videos were of sufficient quality to be ratable. The intrarater agreement between the original and decoded videos was 0.317 (Cohen weighted kappa). The average difference in the ratings between the original and decoded videos was 0.26, in which the original videos were rated as more severe. The interrater agreement between the original videos was 0.459 and that between the decoded videos was 0.302. The agreement was higher when no deficits or very severe deficits were present.

Conclusions
The vast majority of videos (172/200, 86.0%) decoded by the autoencoder contained clinically relevant information and had fair intrarater agreement with the original videos. Autoencoders are a potential method for enabling the use of patient videos while preserving data privacy, especially when non–health-care professionals are involved.