bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sandwich‐type sheeting improved the processing and eating qualities of potato noodles
Authors: Liao Min , Qi Yajing , Liu Shuyi , Obadi Mohammed , Xu Bin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA technology called sandwich‐type sheeting was used to produce noodles with potato flakes. The technical parameters of sheeting were first optimized. Then the processing and eating qualities of potato noodles made with sandwich‐type sheeting and conventional sheeting were compared. Results showed that the optimal moisture of inner‐layer dough and outer‐layer dough was 41 and 37%, respectively. The suitable ratio of the thickness of inner layer to that of outer layer was 3:1. The tensile strength of the sandwich‐type dough sheet was 1.285 times higher than that of conventional dough sheet. The cooking loss of the sandwich‐type noodles was 37.0% lower than that of conventional noodles, and the adhesiveness decreased by 51.0%. In the sandwich‐type noodles, the compact gluten network structure of outer wheat layer prevented the leaching of soluble substances in the inner layer added with potato flakes, improving the cooking and eating qualities of potato noodles.
Clinical outcomes in dogs with localized splenic histiocytic sarcoma treated with splenectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Latifi Max , Tuohy Joanne L. , Coutermarsh‐Ott Sheryl L. , Klahn Shawna L. , Leeper Haley , Dervisis Nikolaos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLocalized splenic histiocytic sarcoma (HS) in dogs is a poorly understood disease, and could have longer survival times than disseminated or hemophagocytic HS. Understanding the clinical behavior of localized splenic HS can refine treatment recommendations.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of dogs with localized splenic HS.AnimalsFourteen client‐owned dogs with histologically confirmed splenic HS that received splenectomy.MethodsMulti‐institutional retrospective case series—medical records of dogs with splenic HS were reviewed. Dog signalment, clinicopathologic data, primary and adjuvant treatments, and outcomes were obtained. Survival data were calculated using Kaplan‐Meier analysis. Dog variables such as age, weight, platelet counts were reported using descriptive statistics. The Cox proportional hazards regression method was used to determine whether potential risk factors (weight, age, albumin level, hematocrit, and platelet count) were associated with PFI.ResultsMedian survival time for the dogs in this study was 427 days. Twelve dogs received adjuvant lomustine‐based chemotherapy. Five dogs (35.7%) were suspected or confirmed to have developed metastatic disease. Eleven dogs died of disease, 1 dog died of unrelated cause, and 2 dogs were alive at final follow‐up.Conclusions and Clinical SignificanceHistiocytic sarcoma in dogs can manifest as a localized form in the spleen. Dogs with localized splenic HS treated with surgery ± chemotherapy can experience survival times over a year.
Ultrastructural morphological features of the hair in a sexual signal: the dark ventral patch of male red deer
Authors: de la Peña E. , Martín J. , Carranza J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChemical signals play a decisive role in communication in many mammal species. In red deer (Cervus elaphus), the dark ventral patch has recently been described as a male chemical signal involved in intrasexual competition. Morphological specializations of the hair of this area might contribute to retaining the volatile compounds found here. In this study, we examined differences in the ultrastructure between hair associated with the dark ventral patch and hairs from the dorsolateral region of the body as a control. We obtained a gallery of images from a scanning electron microscope to study the possible variation in the detailed anatomy as well as the surface and pattern of cuticular scales of hairs of the two body regions examined. In addition, we used a 2D‐3D microscope to measure hair diameter (thickness) and the shape and size of the cuticular scales. We found that the hairs of the dark ventral patch were narrower than those from the dorsolateral region. We also found a different cuticular scale pattern of the dark ventral patch hairs, suggesting a possible specialization for the retention of compounds associated with this chemical signal. Moreover, some intersexual differences in hair morphology also support this idea. This study shows, for the first time, the differentiation of hairs related to the dark ventral patch, which contributes to our better understanding of this chemical communication in red deer.
Association of intrinsic sphincter deficiency with urine flow acceleration measurement
Authors: Karasu Ayse Filiz Gokmen , Aydın Serdar , Kalkan Senad , Ersoz Cevper 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) is associated with an inability to maintain mucosal coaptation either at rest or in the presence of stress resulting from damage to muscles or nerves that maintain tonus. The purpose of our trial was to determine the role of urodynamic measurements of flow such as maximum flow rate, flow time, and acceleration speed of flow to assess the urethral resistance on prediction of stress incontinence and ISD.Materials and MethodsOur study was based on a retrospective analysis of urodynamic records of female patients performed for urinary incontinence. Mean flow rate, maximum flow rate, detrusor pressure at maximum flow, vesical pressure at maximum flow, maximum detrusor pressure, and flow rate at maximum detrusor pressure measurements were extracted from the voiding phase of urodynamic charts. The slope of the maximum flow was used to calculate acceleration of flow (Qacc). The urodynamic records of 142 women were reviewed and Qacc was measured.ResultsThe mean age of the ISD group was 53.3 ± 12.5 (24‐78) and of the non‐ISD group 53.7 ± 12.5 (35‐74). The mean Qacc (30.3 ± 16.1° [mL/s2]) in the ISD group was significantly higher than in the non‐ISD group (21.6 ±9.6° [mL/s2]). Urodynamic bladder capacity of the non‐ISD group (432.3 ± 90.4 mL) was higher than the ISD group (389.2 ± 109) (P = .01).ConclusionThe Valsalva leak point pressure and maximum urethral closure pressure measurements in assessing urethral function are not useful for predicting incontinence surgery failure. We demonstrated that Qacc is higher in ISD stress incontinent women than stress incontinent women. Qacc may demonstrate urethral resistance and tonus in a more reliable manner.
Laser microprobe noble gases and nitrogen analysis of chondrules from the Dhajala chondrite
Authors: Mahajan Ramakant R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNoble gases and nitrogen are investigated in eight individual chondrules of the Dhajala H3.8 chondrite. The mean cosmic ray exposure age of the chondrules using 21Ne and 38Ar is 5.9 ± 3.0 Ma. There is no significant evidence of a pre‐exposure for these chondrules. All the measured chondrules contain variable amounts of radiogenic 129Xe. Noble gas analysis indicates Q‐type gas incorporated in the chondrules. The chondrules have variable amounts of N2. The chondrules have distinct trapped N isotopic composition (δ15Nt varies from −24.1 ± 8.4‰ to 89.1 ± 12.7‰), which is inconsistent with Q‐gas and solar wind. These inconsistencies can be considered preliminary evidence in support of multiple trapped components in the chondrules. A heavy N signature component is observed in the chondrules studied contrasted with the solar wind composition. There is no correlation between the concentration of N2 and noble gases. Derivations of variable nitrogen observed in Dhajala (H3.8) chondrules reflect the gas captured at the time of formation, having heterogeneous isotopic signature in the nebula.
“Parasite turnover zone” at secondary contact: A new pattern in host–parasite population genetics
Authors: Martinů Jana , Štefka Jan , Poosakkannu Anbu , Hypša Václav 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe describe here a new pattern of population genetic structure in a host–parasite system that can arise after secondary contact of previously isolated populations. Due to different generation times, and therefore different tempos of molecular evolution, the host and parasite populations reach different degrees of genetic differentiation during their separation (e.g., in refugia). Consequently, upon secondary contact, the host populations are able to re‐establish a single panmictic population across the area of contact, while the parasite populations stop their dispersal at the secondary contact zone and create a narrow hybrid zone. From the host's perspective, the parasite's hybrid zone functions on a microevolutionary scale as a “parasite turnover zone”: while the hosts are passing from area A to area B, their parasites turn genetically from the area A genotypes to the area B genotypes. We demonstrate this novel pattern with a model composed of Apodemus mice and Polyplax lice by comparing maternally inherited markers (complete mitochondrial genomes, and complete genomes of the vertically transmitted symbiont Legionella polyplacis) with single nucleotide polymorphisms derived from louse genomic data. We discuss the circumstances that may lead to this pattern and possible reasons why it has been overlooked in studies of host–parasite population genetics.
Identification of residues important for M. tuberculosis MmpL11 function reveals that function is modulated by phosphorylation in the C‐terminal domain
Authors: Melly Geoff C. , Stokas Haley , Davidson Patrick M. , Roma José Santinni , Rhodes Heather L. , Purdy Georgiana E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell envelope is a critical interface between the host and pathogen and provides a protective barrier against the immune response and antibiotics. Cell envelope lipids are also mycobacterial virulence factors that influence the host immune response. The mycobacterial membrane protein large (MmpL) proteins transport cell envelope lipids and siderophores that are important for the basic physiology and pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis. We recently identified MmpL11 as a conserved transporter of mycolic acid‐containing lipids including monomeromycolyl diacylglycerol (MMDAG), mycolate wax ester (MWE), and long‐chain triacylglycerols (LC‐TAGs). These lipids contribute to biofilm formation in M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis, and non‐replicating persistence in M. tuberculosis. In this report, we identified domains and residues that are essential for MmpL11TB lipid transporter activity. Specifically, we show that the D1 periplasmic loop and a conserved tyrosine are essential for the MmpL11 function. Intriguingly, we found that MmpL11 levels are regulated by the phosphorylation of threonine in the cytoplasmic C‐terminal domain, providing the first direct evidence of the phospho‐regulation of MmpL11 transporter activity in M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis. Our results offer further insight into the function of MmpL transporters and regulation of mycobacterial cell envelope biogenesis.
Internal Difficulties in the Theology of Karl Rahner
Authors: Shea Henry 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCriticism of the theology of Karl Rahner is most often made from bases external to his thought. When the ever greater ascendancy of transcendentality in Rahner’s thought is juxtaposed with areas of his theology concretely differentiated by symbol and history, however, internal difficulties arise that jeopardize the coherence and integrality of his work. Following an analysis of the predominant role of transcendentality in Rahner, three particular areas of such internal difficulty are considered: (1) the irreconcilability of the reciprocally constitutive dynamics of the Realsymbol with the fundamentally unidirectional operation of transcendental grace, (2) the disjunction entailed in the experience of grace as conscious yet unreflexive knowledge (Erkenntnis), and (3) the incommensurability of an historically developmental self‐communication (Selbstmitteilung) of the economic Trinity with an a priori, always already self‐communication (Selbstmitteilung) of God in grace. By rendering transcendentality ever surpassing in its reach, Rahner ultimately exposes other corners of his theology to the point of provoking internal disjunction that his transcendental overextension leaves him unable to resolve.
Evaluation of environmental and local factors on urban sarcosaprophagous Diptera: a case study with Sarcophagidae
Authors: Battán‐Horenstein M. , Mulieri P. R. , Gleiser R. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe urbanization process affects the structure of insect communities, favouring biotic homogenization processes by promoting adequate conditions for the establishment of synanthropic species. Considering the scarce knowledge about the ecology of Neotropical sarcophagids, we compared the flesh fly community from two different urban zones in two contrasting seasons and examined the response of the Sarcophagidae assemblage to landscape and microhabitat variables. Adult flies were collected in 13 sites with two traps (total number of traps 26) baited with 200 g of hydrated bone meal. A total of 2312 adult sarcophagids were collected belonging to 27 species; Oxysarcodexia paulistanensis (Mattos, 1919) represented >48% of the total sample. The local factor of insolation explained both the abundance and species richness of sarcophagids, collections being higher and richer in traps exposed to sunlight compared with traps placed in the shade regardless of the season. Richness was also affected by the environment, being higher in traps exposed in suburban rather than urban sites. The combination of these factors (sub‐urban environment and availability of open areas) could explain the Sarcophagidae assemblage. The average number of sarcophagid species collected was related to the season, providing a good opportunity to assess the temporal variability of this family in the region.
Simultaneous combined unilateral ventralis intermedius (VIM) thalamotomy and contralateral VIM deep brain stimulation for head tremor: A case report
Authors: Suzuki Naoki , Horisawa Shiro , Kawamata Takakazu , Taira Takaomi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHead tremor usually requires bilateral deep brain stimulation of ventralis intermedius nucleus of thalamus. Ablation of VIM nucleus (VIM thalamotomy) is applied for limb tremor unilaterally because of serious complications from bilateral thalamotomy. Therefore, effects of thalamotomy on head tremor have been rarely reported. We report a successful long‐term outcome of head tremor with combined unilateral VIM thalamotomy and contralateral VIM‐DBS simultaneously. The patient was a 49‐year‐old man with head and bilateral hand tremors. His Fahn‐Tolosa‐Marin Tremor Rating Scale scores (head tremor score, range 8‐0, higher scores indicate greater severity) before and after the surgery were 8 and 0, respectively. Only transient tongue numbness was confirmed as a surgical complication. At the final follow‐up (36 months), the patient was completely free from tremor of the head and bilateral hands. Combined thalamotomy and DBS can be an alternative treatment option for head tremor.
Accounting for mesophyll conductance substantially improves 13C‐based estimates of intrinsic water‐use efficiency
Authors: Ma Wei Ting , Tcherkez Guillaume , Wang Xu Ming , Schäufele Rudi , Schnyder Hans , Yang Yusheng , Gong Xiao Ying 
Published: September 2020

Summary

Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) has been used widely to infer intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) of C3 plants, a key parameter linking carbon and water fluxes. Despite the essential role of mesophyll conductance (gm) in photosynthesis and Δ, its effect on Δ‐based predictions of iWUE has generally been neglected.

Here, we derive a mathematical expression of iWUE as a function of Δ that includes gm (iWUEmes) and exploits the gm‐stomatal conductance (gsc) relationship across drought‐stress levels and plant functional groups (deciduous or semideciduous woody, evergreen woody and herbaceous species) in a global database. iWUEmes was further validated with an independent dataset of online‐Δ and CO2 and H2O gas exchange measurements with seven species.

Drought stress reduced gsc and gm by nearly one‐half across all plant functional groups, but had no significant effect on the gsc : gm ratio, with a well supported value of 0.79 ± 0.07 (95% CI, n = 198). gm was negatively correlated to iWUE. Incorporating the gsc : gm ratio greatly improved estimates of iWUE, compared with calculations that assumed infinite gm.

The inclusion of the gsc : gm ratio, fixed at 0.79 when gm was unknown, proved desirable to eliminate significant errors in estimating iWUE from Δ across various C3 vegetation types.
Theoretical analysis of a temperature‐dependent model of respiratory O2 consumption using the kinetics of the cytochrome and alternative pathways
Authors: Inoue Tomomi , Noguchi Ko 
Published: September 2020

Summary

Temperature dependence of plant respiratory O2‐consumption has been empirically described by the Arrhenius equation. The slope of the Arrhenius plot (which is proportional to activation energy) sometimes deviates from a constant value. We conducted kinetic model simulations of mitochondrial electron flow dynamics to clarify factors affecting the shape of the Arrhenius plot.

We constructed a kinetic model of respiration in which competitive O2‐consumption by the cytochrome pathway (CP) and the alternative pathway (AP) were considered, and we used this model to describe the temperature dependence of respiratory O2‐consumption of Arabidopsis.

The model indicated that the electron partitioning and activation energy differences between CP and AP were reflected in the slope and magnitude of the dependent variables of the Arrhenius plot. When the electron partitioning and activation energies of CP and AP were constant with temperature change, our model suggested that the Arrhenius plot would be almost linear. When the electron partitioning or activation energy of CP, or both, rapidly changed with temperature, the Arrhenius plot deviated from linearity, as reported in previous experimental studies.

Our simulation analysis quantitatively linked the kinetic model parameters with physiological mechanisms underlying the instantaneous temperature dependence of plant respiration rate.
What is the problem of dependency? Dependency work reconsidered
Authors: van der Weele Simon , Bredewold Femmianne , Leget Carlo , Tonkens Evelien 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDependency is fundamental to caring relationships. However, given that dependency implies asymmetry, it also brings moral problems for nursing. In nursing theory and theories of care, dependency tends to be framed as a problem of self‐determination—a tendency that is mirrored in contemporary policy and practice. This paper argues that this problem frame is too narrow. The aim of the paper is to articulate additional theoretical ‘problem frames’ for dependency and to increase our understanding of how dependency can be navigated in practices of long‐term care. It does so by way of an empirical ethical analysis of how care professionals tackle the problem of dependency in group homes for people with intellectual disabilities. The paper refers to these practices of mitigating the problem of dependency as ‘dependency work’, a phrase borrowed from Eva Kittay. The analysis of dependency work suggests that for care professionals, dependency is a threefold problem: one of self‐determination, one of parity and one of self‐worth. These findings suggest that patient autonomy cannot be a full solution to the problem of dependency in long‐term care relations. But they also show that dependency as such is not a problem that can besolved, as attempts to mitigate it only serve to tighten the dependency relationship further. This is the paradox of dependency work.
Devolution is secondary: What drives Scottish secondary legislation?
Authors: Bevan Shaun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe reopening of the Scottish Parliament in 1999 marked a great opportunity to create a modern government connected to the people. In spite of this, work on responsiveness and the functioning of policy‐making in Scotland since devolution has not been as extensive as it could be. This is certainly true of one of the most common and numerous policy‐making activities undertaken by Scotland and indeed all UK governments, the production of secondary legislation. This article uses time series cross‐sectional analyses to assess the effects of attention by the UK government, the EU, public priorities and the media on Scottish statutory instruments. It finds strong effects for the UK media on Scottish instruments although that effect is lower for policy areas technically, but not practically, outside the competencies of Scottish government. This work hints at a government responsive to events, but also a government that largely sets its own independent priorities.
Saturday night purpura: An uncommon presentation of exercise‐induced vasculitis
Authors: Ramírez‐Lluch Mar , Álvarez‐Salafranca Marcial , García‐Gil Miguel Fernando , Monte Serrano Juan , García García Mar , Ara‐Martín Mariano 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExercise‐induced vasculitis (EIV) is a benign cutaneous vasculitis that affects healthy individuals. We report a case of EIV in a 15‐year‐old male patient with a striking clinical appearance triggered by a combination of prolonged standing and disco dancing in a warm environment. Pediatric dermatologists should be aware of this activity as a possible trigger of EIV, especially in teenagers.
Low vancomycin trough concentration in neonates and young infants
Authors: Maruyama Hidehiko , Tanzawa Ayano , Funaki Takanori , Ito Yushi , Isayama Tetsuya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundVancomycin (VCM) is useful for treating methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In infants, calibrating the initial VCM dose is difficult, and many regimens have been proposed. For instance, our center uses the VCM regimen recommended for infants in the 2012–13 Nelson's Pediatric Antimicrobial Therapy. Nonetheless, our experience has shown that the initial VCM trough concentrations were frequently off target. We therefore analyzed the data on the initial VCM trough concentration in infant patients at our center.MethodsThe study subjects were inborn infants born between July 2014 and June 2019 who were given VCM at earlier than day 60 in the neonatal intensive care unit. The primary outcome was the initial VCM trough concentration. The patients were divided into three groups by VCM trough concentration: <10, 10–15, and >15 mg/L. We also estimated VCM trough concentration by one method using Monte Carlo simulation, based on Nelson regimen dosage.ResultsThirty‐three patients were analyzed. The number of patients with <10, 10–15, and >15 mg/L was 24, 4, and 5, respectively. There was no significant difference in clinical characteristics between <10 versus 10–15 and 10–15 versus >15 mg/L. The numbers of patients with <10, 10–15, and >15 mg/L in the simulation were 26, 6, and 1, respectively.ConclusionsMost initial VCM trough concentrations were below the target. We could not find any significant clinical characteristics, which affected VCM trough concentration. Increasing the VCM dosage of the Nelson regimen with simulation should therefore be considered.