bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TGF‐β1 induces amoeboid‐to‐mesenchymal transition of CD44high oral squamous cell carcinoma cells via miR‐422a downregulation through ERK activation and Cofilin‐1 phosphorylation
Authors: Yokoyama Sho , Shigeishi Hideo , Murodumi Hiroshi , Sakuma Miyuki , Kato Hiroki , Higashikawa Koichiro , Ohta Kouji , Sugiyama Masaru , Takechi Masaaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to clarify the molecular mechanism of amoeboid‐to‐mesenchymal transition (AMT) of CD44high oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells.MethodsMorphology and expression of mesenchymal genes were investigated in CD44high OSCC cells (CD44high OM‐1 cells) cultured on laminin‐coated soft silicone gel. Additionally, microarray analysis was performed to investigate microRNA (miRNA) expression inhibited by transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) in CD44high OM‐1 cells.ResultsWhen CD44high OM‐1 cells were cultured on 2.0‐kPa laminin‐coated silicone gel, the cells exhibited an amoeboid‐like round morphology. Cofilin‐1 expression was found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of amoeboid‐like CD44high OM‐1 cells. The invasive capacity was significantly reduced after Cofilin‐1 knockdown. Additionally, Cofilin‐1 knockdown cells had an irregularly extended shape. Phosphorylated Cofilin‐1 was significantly upregulated by TGF‐β1. Additionally, TGF‐β1 enhanced N‐cadherin and Snail mRNA expression and induced a spindle‐shaped morphology. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was induced by TGF‐β1. Microarray analysis revealed that miR‐422a exhibited the greatest downregulation (fold change: 0.22) in the presence of TGF‐β1. Importantly, TGF‐β1‐inhibited miR‐422a expression was recovered by the ERK inhibitor or ERK1/2 knockdown. Additionally, miR‐422a inhibitor‐transfected CD44high OM‐1 cells exhibited high N‐cadherin and Snail mRNA expression. Furthermore, Cofilin‐1 knockdown and miR‐422a inhibition induced a spindle cell morphology.ConclusionCofilin‐1 is involved in the invasive ability of CD44high OSCC cells. TGF‐β1 contributes to AMT by downregulation of miR‐422a via ERK activation and Cofilin‐1 phosphorylation. Our findings suggest that miR‐422a and Cofilin‐1 play major roles in the maintenance of amoeboid‐like CD44high cells.
Administration of nitrofurantoin in dogs with lower urinary tract infections: 14 cases (2013‐2019)
Authors: Leuin A. S. , Hartmann F. , Viviano K. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to describe the clinical use of nitrofurantoin in client‐owned dogs with lower urinary tract infections. The primary aim was to describe the patient population, dosage, treatment duration, outcome and side effects.Materials and MethodsMedical records in an institution were retrospectively reviewed from July 2013 to January 2019.ResultsNitrofurantoin was prescribed in this clinical population of 14 client‐owned dogs for lower urinary tract infections. Recurrent urinary tract infection was the clinical diagnosis in all dogs. Each dog's urinary tract infection was associated with a nitrofurantoin‐susceptible, multidrug‐resistant uropathogen. The median dosage and duration of nitrofurantoin treatment was 4.3 mg/kg by mouth every 8 hours for 14 days. Twelve of the 14 dogs had successful outcomes including bacteriologic cure (n = 9), clinical cure (2) and resolution of target bacteria (1). Treatment failures (n = 2) were associated with uropathogens developing progressive nitrofurantoin resistance.Clinical SignificanceIn some dogs with recurrent lower urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin may be an effective antibiotic for treatment of nitrofurantoin‐susceptible uropathogens. Treatment failures were associated with progressive uropathogen resistance. Urine bacterial culture and quantitative susceptibility testing are essential to initiating and monitoring treatment due to the multidrug‐resistant isolates and, in some cases, persistent bacteriuria in the face of treatment.
Sleep differentially impacts involuntary intrusions and voluntary recognitions of lab‐analogue traumatic memories
Authors: Zeng Shengzi , Lau Esther Yuet Ying , Li Shirley Xin , Hu Xiaoqing 
Published: October 2020

SummaryDespite the critical role of sleep in memory and emotion processing, large remains unknown regarding how sleep influences trauma‐related symptoms arising from maladaptive memory/emotional processes, such as those among patients with post‐traumatic stress disorder. Employing a trauma film paradigm, we investigated how post‐trauma sleep versus sleep deprivation influenced involuntary intrusions and voluntary recognition of traumatic memories. Sixty participants were randomly assigned to sleep or total sleep deprivation group following experimental trauma induction. Participants were assessed with: (a) lab‐based and 7‐day diary‐based involuntary intrusions; (b) voluntary recognitions of traumatic memories 12‐hr and 7‐day post‐trauma induction; and (c) post‐traumatic stress disorder‐like symptoms measured by the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised. We found that compared with sleep deprivation, slept participants experienced fewer traumatic intrusions across 7 days, reported lower emotional hyperarousal, and showed more accurate recognition of trauma‐related stimuli. Moreover, higher subjective sleep quality was associated with fewer intrusions only in the sleep group, while a reversed pattern emerged in the sleep deprivation group. These results provide novel evidence supporting the therapeutic benefits of sleep in protecting mental well‐being from trauma exposure. To the extent that sleep modulates trauma‐related symptoms, sleep can be conceived as the potential target for early interventions among trauma victims.
Enrofloxacin and its major metabolite ciprofloxacin in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas): An explorative pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Poapolathep Saranya , Chomcheun Thanaphan , Giorgi Mario , Jualaong Suthep , Klangkaew Narumol , Phaochoosak Napasorn , Udomkusonsri Pareeya , Marin Pedro , Poapolathep Amnart 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetic features of enrofloxacin (ENR) and its major metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CIP) in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) after single intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration at two dosages of 5 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). The study used 10 animals randomly divided into equal groups. Blood samples were collected at assigned times up to 168 hr. The concentrations of ENR and CIP in turtle plasma were quantified by a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography equipped with fluorescence detector (HPLC‐FLD). The concentration of ENR in the experimental turtles with respect to time was pharmacokinetically analyzed using a noncompartment model. The concentrations of ENR in the plasma were quantified up to 144 hr after i.v. and i.m. administrations at dosages of 5 and 7.5 mg/kg b.w., whereas CIP was quantified up to 96 and 144 hr, respectively. The elimination half‐life values of ENR were 38.7 and 50.4 hr at dose rates of 5 and 7.5 mg/kg b.w. after i.v. administration, whereas CIP was 33.6 and 22.6 hr, respectively. The maximum concentration (Cmax) values of ENR were 2.07 and 2.59 μg/ml at dose rates of 5 and 7.5 mg/kg b.w., respectively. The value of area under the curve from 0 to 24 hr (AUC0–24)/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio of ENR was >125 for bacteria with MIC of 0.12 and 0.13 μg/ml after the administration of 5 mg/kg by i.m. and i.v. administration, respectively. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, susceptibility break‐point and pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) indices, i.m. single administration of ENR at a dosage of 5 mg/kg b.w. might be clinically appropriate for treatment of susceptible bacteria in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas).
Body growth of North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) revisited
Authors: Fortune Sarah M. E. , Moore Michael J. , Perryman Wayne L. , Trites Andrew W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKnowing size‐at‐age is important for determining food requirements and making inferences about the nutritional status of individuals and their populations. Accurate growth curves are also needed to quantify drug dosages to treat wounded or entangled animals. However, body sizes are often based on small numbers of measured animals that must be improved as new data become available. We updated an existing body growth model for North Atlantic right whales (NARWs) using new data from dead animals and from older individuals. Our models indicate that NARWs attain mean lengths and weights of 4.3 m and 1.0 mt at birth, and 13.1 m and 31.7 mt when sexually mature. Calves more than double their length and attain nearly three‐quarters of their asymptotic adult size during their first year of life. Overall, our length estimates agreed well with previous estimates, but our mass‐at‐age values were considerably higher. These differences revealed that necropsy data used alone in allometric models underestimate mass due possibly to several of the stranded animals in the database having been chronically entangled and in poor body condition. Augmenting the database with healthier individuals, such as harvested North Pacific right whales, yielded mass predictions that reflect both healthy and unhealthy individuals.
Mindsets Matter for Linguistic Minority Students: Growth Mindsets Foster Greater Perceived Proficiency, Especially for Newcomers
Authors: LOU NIGEL MANTOU , NOELS KIMBERLY A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGrowth language mindsets (i.e., beliefs that language ability can be improved) are found to sustain learners’ motivation and resilience in challenging situations. Considering that migrants who are speakers of languages other than the dominant ones often face challenging daily communications, we examined important but understudied questions of ‘how’ and ‘when’ growth language mindsets predict migrants’ language experiences, including language anxiety, language use, and perceived English proficiency. In 3 studies, we surveyed 2,163 foreign‐born university students in Canada who indicated English as their second language. We found that growth language mindsets positively predicted self‐assessed English proficiency, even 4 months after the initial assessment of mindsets. Answering ‘how,’ we found that migrants with stronger growth mindsets were less anxious, were more likely to use English, and reported higher proficiency, even after accounting for baseline proficiency. Concerning ‘when,’ we found that mindsets have significant and moderate association with language use, anxiety, and perceived proficiency for only more recently arrived students (who lived in the receiving country for less than 7 years). Although newly arrived migrants are more anxious about using English and less likely to use English, they are resilient when they envision growth in their new language. Growth mindsets may help English as a second language (ESL) students thrive in intercultural communication and succeed in language development.
Palliative care in adult intensive care units: A nationwide survey
Authors: Eltaybani Sameh , Igarashi Ayumi , Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are no data on the provision of palliative nursing care in Egyptian adult intensive care units (ICUs). The Palliative and End‐Of‐Life (PEOL) Care Index is reliable and content valid; however, its construct and criterion validities have not been examined.Aims and objectivesFirst, to assess palliative care education, practice, and perceived competence among adult ICU nurses in Egypt. Second, to explore factors related to palliative care nursing practice and perceived competence. Third, to assess the construct and criterion validities of the PEOL Care Index.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodsNurse managers and staff nurses in 33 adult ICUs completed self‐administered questionnaires. The questionnaires assessed nurses' palliative care practice and perceived competence. A multilevel regression analysis was used to determine the best predictors of palliative care practice and perceived competence. Theory evidence construct validity and predictive criterion validity of the PEOL Care Index were examined.ResultsThirty‐three nurse managers and 403 staff nurses participated in the study—response rate = 100% and 72.5%, respectively. On a 0‐100 scale, the mean scores of undergraduate education, practice, and perceived competence were 54.0 ± 18.7, 49.7 ± 18.1, and 54.5 ± 17.0, respectively. Palliative care practice was significantly related to receiving in‐service training on palliative care or end‐of‐life care (regression coefficients: 3.39), higher job satisfaction (0.97), and higher organizational support (1.85). Palliative care perceived competence was significantly related to older nurses' age (0.20), higher job satisfaction (0.97), and higher palliative care undergraduate education (0.63).ConclusionsPalliative care education, practice, and perceived competence among adult ICU nurses in Egypt are inadequate, especially in terms of spiritual and cultural care. The PEOL Care Index is construct and criterion valid.Relevance to clinical practicePalliative care education should begin in nursing schools and extend through clinical in‐services. Guidelines should be developed to maximize staff collaboration and the utilization of chaplains in ICUs.
Striving to be in close proximity to the patient: An interpretive descriptive study of nursing practice from the perspectives of clinically experienced registered nurses
Authors: Lundin Gurné Frida , Lidén Eva , Jakobsson Ung Eva , Kirkevold Marit , Öhlén Joakim , Jakobsson Sofie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper explores essential characteristics of current nursing practice from the perspectives of clinically experienced registered nurses in various fields of health care in Sweden. Nursing practice has been the subject of much debate in the past and because of its complexity as well as continuous changes in society it is important to continue the debate. A qualitative study, including 16 group interviews with altogether 74 participants, was conducted. Nursing practice was viewed as a multifaceted field. The participants struggled to define nursing but were able to describe it using concrete examples. The analysis, using interpretive description, identified current practice as essentially consisting of: ‘A practice pervaded by comprehensive responsibility’, ‘A practice that recognises a patient's unique needs’, ‘A practice based on multifaceted knowledge’ and ‘A practice that mediates between traditional values and changing demands’. Current nursing practice can be understood as striving to be in close proximity to the patient, but in tension with pervasive requirements and societal changes. Going forward, it is necessary to continue to reflect on and discuss the nature of nursing practice in an interprofessional context. Studies from primary and home care are also needed to broaden the understanding of nursing practice.
Structural insights into long‐distance signal transduction pathways mediated by plant glutamate receptor‐like channels
Authors: Grenzi Matteo , Bonza Maria Cristina , Alfieri Andrea , Costa Alex 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn recent years, studies have shed light on the physiological role of plant glutamate receptor‐like channels (GLRs). However, the mechanism by which these channels are activated, and in particular, what is the physiological role of their binding to amino acids, remains elusive. The first direct biochemical demonstration that the Arabidopsis thaliana GLR3.3 isoform binds glutamate and other amino acids in a low micromolar range of concentrations was reported only recently. The first crystal structures of the ligand‐binding domains of AtGLR3.3 and AtGLR3.2 isoforms also have been released. We foresee that these new experimental pieces of evidence provide the basis for a better understanding of how GLRs are activated and modulated in different physiological responses.
Analysis of elements that support implementation of high‐quality engineering design within the elementary classroom
Authors: Tank Kristina M. , DuPont Michael , Estapa Anne T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOne model of engineering integration that has shown promise is the use of engineering design as a context to support teachers as they conceptualize and plan integrated STEM lessons. However, integrating engineering into science instruction presents a number of challenges, especially at the elementary level, and the implementation of high‐quality engineering design‐based instruction is not often what is actualized in the classroom. This study investigated how teachers operationalized an engineering design‐based lesson in their classroom by examining what elements of engineering teachers chose to include within in their lesson plan and enact in the classroom. Participants included 20 triads composed of teachers, student teachers, and engineering graduate students. Utilizing a multiple case study approach, this study found that there were four main groupings related to how teachers operationalized engineering design‐based instruction in their classrooms. Results suggest that even though there were several engineering design elements that were included in a majority of the lesson plans, such as context, constraints, materials exploration, and building, and testing solutions, some characteristics were found to be more influential than others when looking at how to help teachers to implement high‐quality engineering design‐based instruction.
Imports and credit rationing: A firm‐level investigation
Authors: Nucci Francesco , Pietrovito Filomena , Pozzolo Alberto Franco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFirm performance is known to benefit from participation in import markets. For this reason, understanding whether credit constraints hamper firms’ ability to purchase foreign inputs is a relevant issue. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between financial constraints and imports of intermediate inputs using a large sample of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises from 66 developing countries. To measure credit constraints, we use information from a firm's in‐depth self‐assessment of its difficulties in having access to external finance. Furthermore, to tackle the endogeneity problems in the estimation, we rely on an instrumental variable approach that allows us to establish more directly the impact of financial constraints on importing activities. We provide statistically and economically significant evidence that credit‐constrained firms have a lower probability of importing intermediates (the extensive margin) and a smaller share of imported intermediates in their total input expenditure (the intensive margin). Moreover, we show that the impact on these margins of import is stronger for firms operating in countries where the financial system is less developed, the quality of institutions poorer and the overall level of economic freedom lower.
Effect of Precipitates on Plastic Deformation Behavior of High Entropy Alloy Al0.3CoCrFeNi Under High Strain Rate Loading
Authors: Das Prasanta K. , Kumar Vishal , Khanikar Prasenjit 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
High entropy alloys (HEAs) are primarily known for their high strength and high thermal stability. These alloys have recently been studied for high strain rate applications as well. HEAs have been observed to exhibit different properties when subjected to different strain rates. Very few published results on HEAs are available for high strain rate loading conditions. In addition, modeling and simulation work of microstructural details, such as grain boundary and precipitates of HEAs have not yet been investigated. However, at an atomistic length scale, molecular dynamics simulation works of HEAs have already been published. In this study, a detailed microstructural analysis of plastic deformation of the material under high strain rate loading has been performed using dislocation density based crystal plasticity finite element modeling. The primary objective is, therefore, to assess the strengthening effects due to precipitates on a particular high entropy alloy Al0.3CoCrFeNi with ultrafine grains having randomly distributed NiAl precipitates.
Combined Numerical and Experimental Study on the Use of Gurney Flaps for the Performance Enhancement of NACA0021 Airfoil in Static and Dynamic Conditions
Authors: Balduzzi Francesco , Holst David , Melani Pier Francesco , Wegner Felix , Nayeri Christian Navid , Ferrara Giovanni , Paschereit Christian Oliver , Bianchini Alessandro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Power augmentation devices in wind energy applications have been receiving increasing interest from both the scientific and the industrial community. In particular, Gurney flaps (GFs) showed a great potential thanks to the passive functioning, the simple construction, and the possibility to add them as a retrofit to existing rotors. Within this context, the authors have performed an extended investigation on the lift increase capabilities of GFs for the well-known NACA 0021 airfoil, which has been used in several wind energy applications up to now. This paper shows the results of a combined experimental and numerical analysis considering different geometrical configurations of the flaps under both static and dynamic conditions. Experimental data were first obtained for the AoA range of 180 degrees at a Reynolds number of 180 k to analyze the impact of three different geometrical configurations of the GF on the aerodynamic behavior. The geometrical configurations were defined by varying the length of the flap (1.4% and 2.5% of the chord) and its inclination angle with respect to the blade chord (90 deg and 45 deg). The experimental investigation involved also dynamic sinusoidal pitching movements at multiple reduced frequencies to evaluate the stall hysteresis cycle. An unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical model was calibrated against wind tunnel data and then exploited to extend the investigation to a wider range of Reynolds numbers for dynamic AoA rates of change typical of vertical-axis wind turbines, i.e., characterized by higher reduced frequencies with a nonsinusoidal motion law.
Pore Scale Numerical Investigation of Mixed Convection From an Isolated Heat Source in a Channel With a Porous Insert
Authors: Yerramalle Vijayalakshmi , Premachandran B. , Talukdar Prabal 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Mixed convection heat transfer in a channel filled with porous medium and containing an isolated heat source at the bottom wall is studied in this work. The porous medium is assumed to be made of circular cylinders and is placed only on the heater surface. Three different configurations of porous medium are considered in this study. Pore-scale numerical simulations are carried out using the exact geometry of porous medium. The same configuration is also investigated using the volume-averaged approximation. The temperature distribution of the heater surface obtained from the pore-scale numerical simulation is compared with the results obtained from the volume-averaged numerical simulation. Parametric studies are carried out by varying the material of the cylinders, the porosity, and the height of the porous medium. The effects of Grashof number and Reynolds number of the flow are also studied as part of this investigation. The results obtained from the pore-scale numerical simulations show that the presence of the porous medium leads to reduction in heat transfer, while the results obtained from the volume-averaged numerical simulations show an enhancement of heat transfer due to the presence of the porous medium on the heater surface. However, the pore-scale numerical simulation results show that the heat transfer enhancement is only possible if the channel height is completely filled with the selected porous medium.