bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N-doped graphene aerogels as efficient heterogeneous catalytic activators for peroxymonosulfate to remove 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrphenol (DNBP) in aqueous solution
Authors: Zhao De-Ying , Wang Hui-Long , Qi Hui-Ping , Jiang Wen-Feng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The nitrogen-doped graphene aerogels (NGAs) with interconnected hierarchical porous structures were facilely prepared via hydrothermal process in the mixed aqueous solution of ethylenediamine (EDA) and urea and post-freeze-drying treatment. A series of NGAs samples with different GO:urea:EDA mass ratios were obtained and characterized by Raman, FT-IR, XPS, TEM and SEM. The prepared NGAs were employed as metal-free carbocatalysts in the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrphenol (DNBP) degradation in aqueous solution. The resultant NGA-4 catalyst with GO:urea:EDA mass ratio of 3:2:4 exhibited the best catalytic activity in PMS activation for oxidative degradation of DNBP among the prepared NGAs samples. The effects of temperature, initial pH value, catalyst concentration and PMS dosage on the degradation of DNBP in NGA-4/PMS system were investigated. The catalytic degradation of DNBP followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic and the activation energy of the degradation reaction was calculated to be 31.3 kJ · mol−1. The quenching experiments clearly demonstrated that SO4
·− radicals served as predominant active species in the PMS activation catalytic process. The good applicability made the application of the prepared NGAs materials in PMS activation for removing organic pollutants more practical and feasible.
Effect of correction methods on image resolution of myocardial perfusion imaging using single photon emission computed tomography combined with computed tomography hybrid systems
Authors: Tantawy Hazem M , Abdelhafez Yasser G , Helal Nadia L , Kany Amr I , Saad Ibrahim E 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMyocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) gamma camera has been widely utilized for diagnosis and risk stratification of ischemic heart disease. Objective; The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of different correction methods on image resolution of MPI using the SPECT/CT hybrid system. Materials and Method; A total of 114 patients, 43 females and 71 males, patient’s raw data were processed and analyzed using Attenuation correction (AC), Scatter correction (SC), Both attenuation and scatter correction together (ACSC) and no-correction (NC). The short axis (coronal) slices resulted from the raw data reconstruction were chosen to draw the curve profile to identify the line spread function on the image to create the FWHM curve. Profile statistics were calculated to obtain the value of FWHM. Statistical analysis was made for the calculated FWHM values for AC, SC, ACSC, and NC to determine the best image resolution. Results; It turns out that applying the SC alone yields better FWHM value (8.13), compared to AC (8.77), and ACSC (8.72). Both AC and ACSC had better FWHM compared to NC (8.91). Conclusion; The study indicates that the intercomparison between the four avaliable correction conditions the image resolution has been significantly improved by using scatter correction, attenuation correction, and both methods together when compared with the non-corrected image. Also it was found that the scatter correction condition is superior in the image resolution than the other correction condition in the reconstruction of SPECT/CT myocardial perfusion images.
Self-defence against Armed Attacks by Non-State Actors
Authors: Müllerson Rein 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Armed attacks in the sense of Article 51 and customary international law can be carried out not only by States, but also by non-State actors (NSA). Self-defensive responses to attacks by NSAs, due to their specific characteristics, may contain a combination of elements of anticipatory self-defence and defensive reprisals. If a State, from the territory of which an attack originates, is unable to prevent an NSA attacking a third State, it has to ask for and to accept the assistance of the victim State, other States, or relevant international organisations. The latter cannot use military force in self-defence in such circumstances without having first sought the consent of the territorial State. However, if a State is unwilling to prevent an NSA, operating from its territory, from attacking third States, it becomes an accessory-after-the-fact to armed attacks of the NSA. Self-defensive, either individual or collective, measures can be carried out on the territory of such a State even without its consent.
A reassessment of the Great Divergence debate: towards a reconciliation of apparently distinct determinants
Authors: Court Victor 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article looks at the most recent data to define when the Little and Great Divergence occurred. It sorts the deep determinants of economic development into three categories (biogeography, culture-institutions, and contingency-conjuncture) to provides a comprehensive review of these factors in the context of the Great Divergence, and it discusses the concepts of persistence and reversal of fortune. The paper concludes that the Great Divergence was never an inevitability but became an increasingly likely prospect as time progressed. Furthermore, biogeography, culture-institutions, and contingency-conjuncture are not contradictory hypotheses. Rather, there is a clear pattern of change over time of the relative importance of these three categories of determinants. Further research is needed to uncover the underlying causal link or latent variable that could explain the successive relative importance over time of biogeographical, cultural–institutional, and contingent–conjunctural determinants of the Great Divergence.
Incidental discovery of mucinous adenocarcinoma from a suspected inflammatory perianal mass
Authors: Cenac Leshae A , Xiao Philip , Asarian Armand 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare tumor that may be associated with longstanding perianal fistulas. It represents 6.9% of all anal cancers. The diagnosis of this malignancy can be delayed because the symptoms experienced by people with the disease are usually attributed to the fistula and not to malignant transformation. As a result, the diagnosis of perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma in the setting of chronic perianal fistulas requires a high index of clinical suspicion and specific histological features.
Syndromic and Systemic Diagnoses Associated With Isolated Sagittal Synostosis
Authors: Davis Amani A. , Haredy Mostafa M. , Huey Jennifer , Scanga Hannah , Zuccoli Giulio , Pollack Ian F. , Tamber Mandeep S. , Goldstein Jesse , Madan-Khetarpal Suneeta , Nischal Ken K. 
Published: December 2019

Background:Reports of systemic associations in patients with Isolated Sagittal Synostosis (ISS) are sparse. Craniofacial surgeons, and other providers, should be aware that a significant proportion of patients with ISS may have syndromic or systemic involvement. This study investigates the incidence of systemic disease and syndromic diagnosis in a cohort of patients presenting with ISS (ie, patients with sagittal synostosis without other sutural involvement).Methods:This study consists of a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with ISS between 2007 and 2017 at a single institution. Patients were divided according to onset (early <1 year, late >1 year) of ISS. Patient notes were examined for congenital anomalies, systemic conditions, and molecular testing. Only patients with isolated sagittal fusion—meaning, patients with sagittal synostosis and no other sutural involvement—were included.Results:Three hundred seventy-seven patients met the inclusion criteria: systemic conditions were identified in 188/377 (50%) of them. One hundred sixty-one patients with early onset (Group A), and 216 patients with late onset ISS (Group B) were identified. Systemic involvement was identified in 38% of Group A and 60% of Group B, which was statistically significant (P< 0.001). Forty-eight of 377 (13%) of patients had a syndromic diagnosis, and 79% of these were confirmed via genetic testing. Thirty-five percent of patients were diagnosed with central nervous system anomalies and 16% had craniofacial anomalies.Conclusions:Nearly 50% of the patients initially diagnosed with ISS were found to have some form of systemic involvement. This supports affording full pediatric and genetic evaluation with molecular testing to these children.
Near-circumferential Lower Body Lift: A Review of 40 Outpatient Procedures
Authors: Swanson Eric 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Lower body lift surgery has increased in popularity. A circumferential body lift or belt lipectomy is often recommended to treat skin redundancy. A drawback for this procedure is the midline scar bridging the lower back causing elongation of the gluteal cleft. Autoaugmentation methods have not been shown to provide a net increase in buttock volume.

Methods:
A retrospective study was undertaken among 40 consecutive women and men undergoing near-circumferential outer thigh and buttock lifts, including 21 lower body lifts (with abdominoplasty). All procedures were performed by the author as outpatients, under total intravenous anesthesia, without muscle relaxation and without prone positioning. Most patients (80%) had liposuction. Fourteen patients had simultaneous inner thigh lifts. Buttock fat transfer was used in 13 patients. Most patients had simultaneous cosmetic procedures of the face or breasts.

Results:
Fourteen patients (35%) experienced complications. One patient developed a deep venous thrombosis, detected by routine ultrasound screening on the day after surgery. Local complications included 3 patients with seromas (8%), 2 wound dehiscences (5%), and 1 infection (3%). Three patients (8%) returned for secondary outer thigh lifts. There were no complications related to fat injections.

Conclusions:
The near-circumferential lower body lift may be performed in healthy outpatients with attention to safe anesthesia, normothermia, limited blood loss, and operating times <6 hours. A scar across the posterior midline may be avoided. Fat injection safely restores gluteal volume. Secondary surgery may be recommended to treat persistent skin laxity.
Total Nasal Reconstruction with a Nonlaminated Vascularized Free Temporal Fascia as the Lining
Authors: Akita Shinsuke , Yamaji Yoshihisa , Yamasaki Kazuki , Kosaka Kentaro , Tezuka Takafumi , Kubota Yoshitaka , Mitsukawa Nobuyuki 
Published: December 2019

Summary
Various methods to generate the lining for a full-thickness nasal reconstruction have been reported. We used bilateral septal mucoperichondrial flaps, the distal portion of an expanded median forehead flap, and a nonlaminated vascularized free temporal fascia flap as a lining during total nasal reconstruction of a total full-thickness nasal defect in a 45-year-old woman with a nasal squamous cell carcinoma. In the first step of the two-stage surgery, a tissue expander was inserted into the forehead simultaneously with tumor resection. In the second step, the expanded median forehead flap, cartilage graft, bilateral septal mucoperichondrial flaps, and short pedicle vascularized free temporal fascia transfer were performed. Total nasal reconstruction could be completed without any skin graft or skin paddle of the free flap. Epithelialization of the mucosa on the transferred vascularized free temporal fascia without contracture deformity of the nasal cavity was confirmed by endoscopic examination after 8 years of follow-up. In the surgical procedure described, the facial skin, including the lining of the nostril rim, and the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity were reconstructed using facial skin and mucous membrane without long-term contracture, respectively.
Management of the glaucoma patient progressing at low normal intraocular pressure
Authors: Wang Sophia Y. , Singh Kuldev 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
Patients with glaucoma with disease progression despite low or normal intraocular pressure (IOP) present special challenges to the treating clinician. Treatment goals may depend on whether patients have apparent low IOP with concurrent treatment or have low IOP at baseline without treatment. We review the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to these patients.

Recent findings
Apparent progression at low IOP should start with confirmation of IOP, made easier by devices enabling patient home self-tonometry. Suspected visual field progression should be confirmed by repeat testing prior to advancement of therapy. Trabeculectomy remains the most effective surgical method of achieving long-term success, particularly when there is a low starting IOP. Drainage tube implantation or the use of novel micro-incisional non-bleb-forming procedures are less likely to be successful in achieving low IOP goals.

Summary
Diagnostic testing is important in confirming progressive glaucomatous disease at low IOP levels. The most effective way of slowing the progression of glaucoma in a patient with low IOP is to lower the IOP further, sometimes to single digit levels, which is most often achievable with trabeculectomy.
Primary angle closure glaucoma genomic associations and disease mechanism
Authors: Liu Chang , Nongpiur Monisha E. , Khor Chiea-Chuen , Vithana Eranga N. , Aung Tin 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
The genetic basis of primary angle closure (PAC) glaucoma is slowly being elucidated. In recent years, genome-wide association studies have identified eight new susceptibility loci for PAC. Our purpose in this review is to summarize our current knowledge of genetics in angle closure, to take a closer look at the eight novel loci and what we have learned about their function, and consider what they might teach us about angle closure disease.

Recent findings
Multiple novel loci associated with PAC glaucoma have been identified in large genome-wide association studies. Moreover, primary open angle glaucoma and PAC glaucoma are found to have partly overlapping genetic features.

Summary
The genetic basis of PAC glaucoma is being deciphered. Even though there is still much more to be uncovered, this process has already provided new insights in the pathogenesis of this blinding disease. A better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms through genomics may be valuable for the development of novel therapies.
Celecoxib reduces cortical spreading depression–induced macrophage activation and dilatation of dural but not pial arteries in rodents: implications for mechanism of action in terminating migraine attacks
Authors: Schain Aaron J. , Melo-Carrillo Agustin , Ashina Sait , Strassman Andrew M. , Burstein Rami 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, commonly known as COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors, can be effective in treating mild to moderate migraine headache. However, neither the mechanism by which these drugs act in migraine is known, nor is the specific contribution of COX-1 vs COX-2. We sought to investigate these unknowns using celecoxib, which selectively inhibits the enzymatic activity of COX-2, by determining its effects on several migraine-associated vascular and inflammatory events. Using in vivo 2-photon microscopy, we determined intraperitoneal celecoxib effects on cortical spreading depression (CSD)-induced blood vessel responses, plasma protein extravasation, and immune cell activation in the dura and pia of mice and rats. Compared to vehicle (control group), celecoxib reduced CSD-induced dilatation of dural arteries and activation of dural and pial macrophages significantly, but not dilatation or constriction of pial arteries and veins, or the occurrence of plasma protein extravasation. Collectively, these findings suggest that a mechanism by which celecoxib-mediated COX-2 inhibition might ease the intensity of migraine headache and potentially terminate an attack is by attenuating dural macrophages' activation and arterial dilatation outside the blood–brain barrier, and pial macrophages' activation inside the blood–brain barrier.
Molecular classification of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Louis Corentin , Papoutsoglou Panagiotis , Coulouarn Cédric 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are heterogeneous tumors that arise from the malignant transformation of cholangiocytes along the biliary tree. CCA heterogeneity occurs at multiple levels and results in resistance to therapy and poor prognosis. Here, we review the molecular classification of CCA by focusing on the latest progresses based on genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. In addition, we introduce the emerging field of radiogenomics.

Recent findings
Genome-wide integrative omics approaches have been widely reported by using large cohorts of CCA patients. Morphomolecular correlations have been established, including enrichment of FGFR2 gene fusions and IDH1/2 mutations in iCCA. A specific IDH mutant iCCA subtype displays high mitochondrial and low chromatin modifier expression linked to ARID1A promoter hypermethylation. Examples of translation of these classifications for the management of CCA have also been reported, with prediction of drug efficacy based on genetic alterations.

Summary
Although there is currently no international consensus on CCA morphomolecular classification, the recent initiatives developed under the umbrella of The European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma (ENSCCA) should favor new collaborative research. Identifying distinct molecular subgroups and developing appropriate targeted therapies will improve the clinical outcome of patients with CCA.
U.S. Optometrists' Reported Practices and Perceived Barriers for Low Vision Care for Mild Visual Loss
Authors: Malkin Alexis G. , Ross Nicole C. , Chan Tiffany L. , Protosow Kristin , Bittner Ava K. 
Published: December 2019

SIGNIFICANCE
Identification of modifiable barriers to low vision rehabilitation (LVR) can inform efforts to improve practice management of patients with low vision (LV), through, for example, targeted educational programs for optometrists who do not practice LVR.

PURPOSE
Mild vision loss (20/25 to 20/70) is increasing in prevalence among the aging population, yet it is unclear whether near-reading complaints (the highest presenting chief complaint) are being addressed. Studies of LVR provision by U.S. optometrists are currently lacking. This study elucidated self-reported optometric practice patterns for patients with mild vision loss.

METHODS
Anonymous surveys were completed by 229 actively practicing optometrists across the United States. The survey inquired about the frequency of providing LVR for mild vision loss patients and the top barriers that prevent them from offering LVR management (including optical aids or referral).

RESULTS
Compared with those moderately actively practicing LVR, twice as many (2.08×) practitioners who do not practice any LVR reported that they never prescribe near-reading add power of 4 D or greater for mild vision loss (P < .001). Among those who do not practice LVR, 39 and 11% indicated that they never prescribe any LVR management strategies for patients with visual acuity of 20/25 to 20/40 and 20/50 to 20/70, respectively. The two most commonly reported barriers to LVR indicated by about half of respondents were “cost of the LV exam and/or devices” and that “patients are not interested or would not go to an LV exam.” Nearly a third of providers reported that “it is not feasible to stock magnifiers in office.”

CONCLUSIONS
A sizable group of non-LVR providers in the United States may not be addressing the near-vision needs of patients with mild vision loss. Several of the reported top barriers are potentially modifiable through the development of targeted educational programs for providers.
Machine-learning classification of neurocognitive performance in children with perinatal HIV initiating de novo antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Paul Robert H. , Cho Kyu S. , Belden Andrew C. , Mellins Claude A. , Malee Kathleen M. , Robbins Reuben N. , Salminen Lauren E. , Kerr Stephen J. , Adhikari Badri , Garcia-Egan Paola M. , Sophonphan Jiratchaya , Aurpibul Linda , Thongpibul Kulvadee , Kosalaraksa Pope , Kanjanavanit Suparat , Ngampiyaskul Chaiwat , Wongsawat Jurai , Vonthanak Saphonn , Suwanlerk Tulathip , Valcour Victor G. , Preston-Campbell Rebecca N. , Bolzenious Jacob D. , Robb Merlin L. , Ananworanich Jintanat , Puthanakit Thanyawee 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
To develop a predictive model of neurocognitive trajectories in children with perinatal HIV (pHIV).

Design:
Machine learning analysis of baseline and longitudinal predictors derived from clinical measures utilized in pediatric HIV.

Methods:
Two hundred and eighty-five children (ages 2–14 years at baseline; Mage = 6.4 years) with pHIV in Southeast Asia underwent neurocognitive assessment at study enrollment and twice annually thereafter for an average of 5.4 years. Neurocognitive slopes were modeled to establish two subgroups [above (n = 145) and below average (n = 140) trajectories). Gradient-boosted multivariate regressions (GBM) with five-fold cross validation were conducted to examine baseline (pre-ART) and longitudinal predictive features derived from demographic, HIV disease, immune, mental health, and physical health indices (i.e. complete blood count [CBC]).

Results:
The baseline GBM established a classifier of neurocognitive group designation with an average AUC of 79% built from HIV disease severity and immune markers. GBM analysis of longitudinal predictors with and without interactions improved the average AUC to 87 and 90%, respectively. Mental health problems and hematocrit levels also emerged as salient features in the longitudinal models, with novel interactions between mental health problems and both CD4+ cell count and hematocrit levels. Average AUCs derived from each GBM model were higher than results obtained using logistic regression.

Conclusion:
Our findings support the feasibility of machine learning to identify children with pHIV at risk for suboptimal neurocognitive development. Results also suggest that interactions between HIV disease and mental health problems are early antecedents to neurocognitive difficulties in later childhood among youth with pHIV.
Social work involvement in palliative care heart failure research: a review of recent literature
Authors: O’Donnell Arden , Gonyea Judith G. , Leff Vickie 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
The aim of the review is to examine the findings of empirical studies of palliative care interventions for patients with heart failure in which a social worker was identified as a key member of the interprofessional clinical team.

Recent findings
Our systematic review of the empirical literature from January 2016 to August 2019 found five palliative care interventions with heart failure patients that cited involvement of a social worker as a key team member. The reviewed studies highlighted social workers’ roles in the areas of psychosocial assessments and support, advance care planning, and patient-medical team communication.

Summary
Palliative social workers possess the knowledge and skills to provide expertise in psychological, social, and cultural care within palliative care domains of practice. Given this primary and critical role, more studies that include the assessment of outcomes linked to the social worker's role should be pursued. Our review unearthed several important studies that highlight the role of the palliative social workers in heart failure models of care.