bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost analysis of two modalities of continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Duriseti Parikshit , Idrees Najia , Aldairem Atheer , Jaber Bertrand L. , Balakrishnan Vaidyanathapuram S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundContinuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (CVVH) and continuous veno‐venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) are costly therapies reserved for use in critically ill patients with kidney failure.DesignQuality improvement study at St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.Setting and participantsMembers of nephrology and pharmacy department, working alongside intensive care unit nursing staff and hospital administration, undertook an initiative to transition from CVVH to CVVHD, to simplify therapy administration, lessen need for electrolyte repletion, and reduce total treatment‐related costs.Quality improvement planWe postulated that conversion from CVVH to CVVHD would result in fewer filter clotting events, longer filter use (up to 72 hours), lower resource utilization, and confer overall cost benefit. Over 12 months, patients initiated on CVVH were identified. Following conversion to CVVHD, patients initiated on CVVHD over 9 months were identified. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, and hospital‐related outcomes, as well as CRRT‐related information including treatment modality, treatment duration, and treatment‐related costs were obtained.MeasuresDaily treatment‐related costs, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay (LOS), and in‐hospital mortality.ResultsDuring the baseline period, 77 patients were initiated on CVVH, and during the intervention period, 60 patients were initiated on CVVHD. Following conversion from CVVH to CVVHD, mean (±SD) daily total treatment cost decreased from $1813 ± $2143 to $775 ± $766 (P < 0.001). Conversion from CVVH to CVVHD had no impact on intensive care unit LOS (11.8 ± 9.7 vs. 12.4 ± 9.5 days; P = 0.53), hospital LOS (15.0 ± 11.1 vs. 16.4 ± 14.0 days; P = 0.89), or in‐hospital mortality (58% vs. 60%; P = 0.85).LimitationsNursing costs, costs of dialysis machine utilization, phosphate repletion, and systemic anti‐coagulation were not studied.ConclusionTransition from CVVH to CVVHD resulted in a significant cost benefit and reduced resource utilization. There was no difference in LOS and in‐hospital mortality between the two treatment modalities.
Uterine plexiform tumourlets: multifocal and solitary cases with subsets expressing melanocytic markers
Authors: Stewart Colin J R , McCluggage W Glenn , Chua Yee J , Texler Michael , Rabban Joseph T 
Published: October 2020

AimsUterine plexiform tumourlets are traditionally regarded as microscopic epithelioid leiomyomas. They are typically solitary incidental findings, but may be multifocal (plexiform leiomyomatosis). We aim to report novel immunohistochemical and morphological findings, specifically the presence of spindled and epithelioid cell nodules, in these lesions.Methods and resultsThree cases of plexiform leiomyomatosis and 16 solitary plexiform tumourlets were included. Two cases of plexiform leiomyomatosis and four solitary plexiform tumourlets demonstrated spindled and epithelioid cell nodules which, in one of the former cases, formed expansile masses up to 15 mm. The nodules demonstrated mild cytological atypia and occasional mitotic activity, and they were associated with a myxoid stroma and a lymphohistiocytic infiltrate which imparted a granulomatous appearance to the microscopic lesions. The plexiform tumourlets (solitary and multifocal) consistently expressed desmin, smooth muscle actin, ER and PR, and they commonly co‐expressed melanocytic and perivascular epithelioid cell (PEC) markers HMB45, MiTF and cathepsin K. The spindled and epithelioid cell nodules were generally negative for myoid markers and hormone receptors, but expressed p16, cyclin D1 and TFE3. All lesions tested were negative for cytokeratin, S100, melanA, inhibin, EMA, ALK and BCOR; fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation was negative for ALK, TFE3 and BCOR rearrangements in one of the larger spindled and epithelioid cell nodules.ConclusionsPlexiform tumourlets commonly co‐express myoid and melanocytic markers and may represent part of the spectrum of gynaecological PEC‐related lesions. Some cases are associated with spindled and epithelioid cell nodules that could potentially mimic other uterine myxoid neoplasms.
Reduction in flippase activity contributes to surface presentation of phosphatidylserine in human senescent erythrocytes
Authors: Seki Momoko , Arashiki Nobuto , Takakuwa Yuichi , Nitta Kosaku , Nakamura Fumio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMature human erythrocytes circulate in blood for approximately 120 days, and senescent erythrocytes are removed by splenic macrophages. During this process, the cell membranes of senescent erythrocytes express phosphatidylserine, which is recognized as a signal for phagocytosis by macrophages. However, the mechanisms underlying phosphatidylserine exposure in senescent erythrocytes remain unclear. To clarify these mechanisms, we isolated senescent erythrocytes using density gradient centrifugation and applied fluorescence‐labelled lipids to investigate the flippase and scramblase activities. Senescent erythrocytes showed a decrease in flippase activity but not scramblase activity. Intracellular ATP and K+, the known influential factors on flippase activity, were altered in senescent erythrocytes. Furthermore, quantification by immunoblotting showed that the main flippase molecule in erythrocytes, ATP11C, was partially lost in the senescent cells. Collectively, these results suggest that multiple factors, including altered intracellular substances and reduced ATP11C levels, contribute to decreased flippase activity in senescent erythrocytes in turn to, present phosphatidylserine on their cell membrane. The present study may enable the identification of novel therapeutic approaches for anaemic states, such as those in inflammatory diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, or renal anaemia, resulting from the abnormally shortened lifespan of erythrocytes.
Periodontal disease and emotional disorders: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zheng De‐Xiu , Kang Xiao‐Ning , Wang Yi‐Xi , Huang Yi‐Na , Pang Chun‐Feng , Chen Yu‐Xuan , Kuang Zhi‐Li , Peng Yun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of periodontal disease with depression and anxiety via a systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodWe systematically searched the EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and SinoMed databases (until August 4, 2019) with language restricted to English and Chinese. Case–control, cross‐sectional, and cohort studies that calculated the risk ratio (RR), odds ratio (OR)/prevalence OR (POR), and hazard ratio (HR) of depression/anxiety with periodontal disease or the OR/POR/RR/HR of periodontal disease caused by depression/anxiety were included. Observational studies that reported the depression/anxiety scale score of patients with periodontal disease and healthy periodontal subjects aged ≥14 years were also included.We used the standard format to extract the following information from each included study: author/s, survey year, study design, age of participants, periodontal disease definition, depression/anxiety measurement, and summary of results. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to ascertain the quality of the included citations.ResultsAfter screening, 40 studies were included. A meta‐analysis of the case–control studies showed that periodontal disease was positively associated with depression (OR = 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]  = 1.01–2.83). A meta‐analysis of 12 studies showed that periodontal disease was significantly correlated with anxiety (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.11–1.66). A meta‐analysis of 18 studies showed that subjects with periodontal disease had higher depression scale score (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.68–1.41) and anxiety scale score (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.44–0.96).ConclusionPeriodontal disease is associated with emotional disorders. However, the high degree of heterogeneity among studies should be considered. More high‐quality prospective studies are required to confirm the relationship.
Randomized controlled study for the anti‐aging effect of human adipocyte‐derived mesenchymal stem cell media combined with niacinamide after laser therapy
Authors: Lee Young In , Kim Soomin , Kim Jihee , Kim Jemin , Chung Kyung Bae , Lee Ju Hee 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent advancements in laser‐assisted drug delivery have emphasized the importance of post‐laser use of active ingredients.AimsWe evaluated the effect of topical post‐laser treatment with adipocyte‐derived stem cell‐containing medium (ADSC‐CM) in combination with niacinamide through a double‐blind, randomized, vehicle‐controlled study.Patients/MethodsTwenty‐five patients with aging skin underwent ablative fractional laser (AFL) treatment on both sides of the face for skin rejuvenation. Moisturizers with or without ADSC‐CM plus 2% niacinamide was applied to the designated sides of faces for 3 weeks. The wrinkle and the melanin indices were assessed using a specialized digital photography analyzer. Additional in vitro assays were performed.ResultsThe wrinkle index, melanin index, patient satisfaction score, and the investigator's global esthetic improvement scale (GAIS) after use of ADSC‐CM plus niacinamide were significantly higher than after use of the vehicle cream. The in vitro UVB irradiation assays with human keratinocytes showed decreased levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines upon incubation with ADSC‐CM plus niacinamide, and the cell scratch assay displayed decreased MMP‐1 and MMP‐2 expression as well as increased Type 1 collagen expression.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that post‐laser topical application of ADSC‐CM in combination with niacinamide has anti‐aging effect on skin.
Hydrocolloid dressings can be used to treat hypertrophic scars: An outpatient dermatology service devoted to treat keloids and challenging scars
Authors: de Oliveira Gisele Viana , Gold Michael H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince we first described the rationale for the use of hydrocolloid dressings to treat keloids and hypertrophic scars, this technique has been used as an occlusive therapy alternative to the use of silicone sheets in our outpatient clinic. In this paper, we describe the use of these dressings on two patients with challenging scars: a large postburn hypertrophic scar on a young patient's hand and arm, with a growing keloid on the wrist, and a progressive scar on the lower eyelid, developing after a complication of a cosmetic blepharoplasty procedure, leading to ectropium. The methods on the proper use of these dressings are reviewed here in detail. Larger clinical trials are needed to further evaluate this technique in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids.
MORE Care: an evaluation of an interprofessional oral health quality improvement initiative
Authors: Kanan Christine , Ohrenberger Kelli , Bayham Mary , Raskin Sarah E. , Tranby Eric P. , Boynes Sean 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis evaluation assesses the Medical Oral Expanded Care (MORE Care) initiative in four states that focused on oral health integration into primary care practices located in dental shortage areas.MethodsThis analysis is conducted using self‐reported primary data collected from each of the participating MORE Care clinics in South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Colorado and Oregon. Three measures: the percentage of pediatric patients with a) fluoride varnish applied, b) self‐management goals reviewed, and c) risk assessed, were evaluated to compare the impact and timing of change tactics on participating teams. An engagement dashboard tool was also hand coded with inductive codes using an adapted grounded theory approach common in applied health services research, to iteratively identify themes that could illuminate or explain quantitative findings.ResultsThe average proportion of pediatric patients receiving fluoride varnish increased from 25 percent after the first collaborative learning session to 40 percent after the third collaborative learning session. The proportion of pediatric patients with self‐management goals reviewed also improved, increasing from 25 percent to 62 percent. There was more variation in the proportion of pediatric patients with oral health risk assessments completed increasing from 47 percent to 77 percent. Qualitative analysis of MORE Care open text data produced three themes related to facilitators and barriers of project implementation and criteria for project success.ConclusionsThe results of this analysis demonstrated that MORE Care is effective in creating an operational structure for integrating oral health care into primary care practices and most successful when participating clinics meet success criteria.
Human papillomavirus infection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma: a concise review
Authors: Rajendra Shanmugarajah , Pavey Darren , McKay Owen , Merrett Neil , Gautam Shweta Dutta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe causal link between high‐risk human papillomavirus (hr‐HPV) infection and cervical, anogenital, and some oropharyngeal malignancies has been established by both molecular and epidemiological data. The association between HPV and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains controversial, as is the true prevalence of HPV infection in ESCC. The wide range in reported rates reflects variability in the primary literature, with some larger scale case–control studies suggesting the infection rates range from 0% to 78%. Interactions between HPV and the Barrett's metaplasia–dysplasia–carcinoma sequence have been explored, and these studies have shown some conflicting data. Overall, systematic reviews have reported the prevalence of HPV‐positive DNA in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients of between 13% and 35%. Postulated reasons for discrepancies in HPV prevalence rates in esophageal cancer include variations in testing methodology and assay sensitivities; technical issues, including the lack of a gold‐standard primer; types of specimens utilized (fresh‐frozen versus formalin‐fixed tissue); geographical variation; cross‐contamination; and small sample sizes. Thus, efforts must be undertaken to (1) standardize HPV testing, ideally in a central laboratory and utilizing tests that detect viral transcriptional activity; (2) avoid cross‐contamination; and (3) recruit large numbers of patients to accurately ascertain HPV rates in esophageal malignancy.
Molecular hydrogen–induced salinity tolerance requires melatonin signalling inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Su Jiuchang , Yang Xinghao , Shao Yudong , Chen Ziping , Shen Wenbiao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMelatonin (MT) plays positive roles in salinity stress tolerance. However, the upstream signalling components that regulate MT are poorly understood. Here, we report that endogenous MT acts downstream of molecular hydrogen (H2) in the salinity response inArabidopsis. The addition of hydrogen‐rich water and expression of the hydrogenase1 gene (CrHYD1) fromChlamydomonas reinhardtiiincreased endogenous H2and MT levels and enhanced salinity tolerance. These results were not observed in the absence of serotoninN‐acetyltransferase gene (SNAT). H2increased the levels ofSNATtranscripts in the wild‐type andCrHYD1lines, which had lower Na+/K+ratios and higher levels of ion transport–related gene transcripts. These changes were not observed inatsnat/CrHYD1‐4hybrids. The increased MT‐dependent Na+extrusion observed in theCrHYD1plants resulted, at least in part, from enhanced Na+/H+antiport across the plasma membrane. The endogenous H2‐induced MT‐dependent regulation of ion and redox homeostasis was impaired in theatsnat/CrHYD1‐4hybrids. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MT‐induced salinity tolerance is induced by a H2signalling cascade that regulates ion and redox homeostasis in response to salinity.
Importance of Distributional Forms for the Assessment of Protozoan Pathogens Concentrations in Drinking‐Water Sources
Authors: Sylvestre Émile , Prévost Michèle , Smeets Patrick , Medema Gertjan , Burnet Jean‐Baptiste , Cantin Philippe , Villion Manuela , Robert Caroline , Dorner Sarah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe identification of appropriately conservative statistical distributions is needed to predict microbial peak events in drinking water sources explicitly. In this study, Poisson and mixed Poisson distributions with different upper tail behaviors were used for modeling source water Cryptosporidium and Giardia data from 30 drinking water treatment plants. Small differences (<0.5‐log) were found between the “best” estimates of the mean Cryptosporidium and Giardia concentrations with the Poisson–gamma and Poisson–log‐normal models. However, the upper bound of the 95% credibility interval on the mean Cryptosporidium concentrations of the Poisson–log‐normal model was considerably higher (>0.5‐log) than that of the Poisson–gamma model at four sites. The improper choice of a model may, therefore, mislead the assessment of treatment requirements and health risks associated with the water supply. Discrimination between models using the marginal deviance information criterion (mDIC) was unachievable because differences in upper tail behaviors were not well characterized with available data sets (). Therefore, the gamma and the log‐normal distributions fit the data equally well but may predict different risk estimates when they are used as an input distribution in an exposure assessment. The collection of event‐based monitoring data and the modeling of larger routine monitoring data sets are recommended to identify appropriately conservative distributions to predict microbial peak events.
Income inequality and macroeconomic instability
Authors: Memon Sonan , Qureshi Irfan A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between macroeconomic instability, as measured by the variance of inflation and output, and income inequality. We develop a panel data set consisting of 61 developed and developing economies for 1990–2019. Our results highlight a positive relationship between past inflation variance and subsequent inequality. We find that this relationship is nonexistent in developed countries but is strong for developing economies. Developing countries that have adopted an inflation targeting (IT) regime are insulated from the regressive effect of inflation volatility. From the point of view of achieving an even income distribution, IT may be consistent with better equity and efficiency outcomes simultaneously. The main findings are robust to a rich set of controls, alternative measures of volatility and inequality, various subsample checks, and dynamic panel specifications.
Development of a New Algorithm for Modeling Viscous Transonic Flow on Unstructured Grids at High Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Zangeneh Rozie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study investigates a new algorithm for modeling viscous transonic flow at high Reynolds number cases suitable for unstructured grids. The challenge of modeling viscous transonic flow around airfoils becomes intense at high Reynolds number cases due to a variety of flow regimes encountered, such as boundary layer growth and the shockwave/turbulent boundary-layer interaction, accompanied by large separation bubble. Therefore, it is highly demanded to develop robust and efficient models that can capture the shock-induced problems of turbulent flows for aircraft design purposes. The new model is essentially a hybrid algorithm to address the conflict between turbulence modeling and shock-capturing requirements. A skew-symmetric form of a collocated finite volume scheme with minimum aliasing errors was implemented to model the turbulent region in the combination of a semidiscrete, central difference scheme to capture discontinuities with adequately low numerical dissipation for the minimal effect on turbulent flows. To evaluate the effectiveness of the model, it was tested in three conventional cases. The computational results are close to measured data for predicting the shock locations. This implies that the model is able to predict the scale of the separation bubble and the main characteristics of turbulent transonic flow adequately.
Differential DNA methylation profile in infants born small-for-gestational-age: association with markers of adiposity and insulin resistance from birth to age 24 months
Authors: Diaz Marta , Garde Edurne , Lopez-Bermejo Abel , de Zegher Francis , Ibañez Lourdes 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionPrenatal growth restraint followed by rapid postnatal weight gain increases lifelong diabetes risk. Epigenetic dysregulation in critical windows could exert long-term effects on metabolism and confer such risk.Research design and methodsWe conducted a genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in peripheral blood from infants born appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA, n=30) or small-for-gestational-age (SGA, n=21, with postnatal catch-up) at age 12 months, to identify new genes that may predispose to metabolic dysfunction. Candidate genes were validated by bisulfite pyrosequencing in the entire cohort. All infants were followed since birth; cord blood methylation profiling was previously reported. Endocrine-metabolic variables and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed at birth and at 12 and 24 months.ResultsGPR120(cg14582356,cg01272400,cg23654127,cg03629447),NKX6.1(cg22598426,cg07688460,cg17444738,cg12076463,cg10457539),CPT1A (cg14073497, cg00941258, cg12778395) andIGFBP 4(cg15471812) genes were hypermethylated (GPR120,NKX6.1were also hypermethylated in cord blood), whereasCHGA (cg13332653,cg15480367,cg05700406),FABP5(cg00696973,cg10563714,cg16128701),CTRP1(cg19231170,cg19472078,cg0164309,cg07162665,cg17758081,cg18996910,cg06709009),GAS6(N/A),ONECUT1(cg14217069,cg02061705,cg26158897,cg06657050,cg15446043) andSLC2A8(cg20758474,cg19021975,cg11312566,cg12281690,cg04016166,cg03804985) genes were hypomethylated in SGA infants. These genes were related to β-cell development and function, inflammation, and glucose and lipid metabolism and associated with body mass index, body composition, and markers of insulin resistance at 12 and 24 months.ConclusionIn conclusion, at 12 months, abnormal methylation ofGPR120andNKX6.1persists and new epigenetic marks further involved in adipogenesis and energy homeostasis arise in SGA infants. These abnormalities may contribute to metabolic dysfunction and diabetes risk later in life.
Fisher information and the weak equivalence principle of a quantum particle in a gravitational wave
Authors: Quach James Q. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe show that the weak equivalence principle (WEP) is violated for a quantum particle in a gravitational wave (GW) background, in the sense that extra mass information can be extracted in the presence of the GW. We quantify the degree of violation with the Fisher information of mass. This provides a precise characterisation of WEP violation by quantum systems in a GW, that should be useful in formalising other works that have argued for such violations heuristically.