bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empowerment i velfærdsarbejde fordrer professionel læring
Authors: Andersen Maja Lundemark 
Published: November 2020

ResuméDet sociale og pædagogiske velfærdsarbejde i Danmark har udviklet sig, så der kan iagttages to modsatrettede tendenser, hvor den ene handler om mere kontrol og sanktioner i velfærdsarbejdet, og den anden handler om at øge borgernes deltagelse og ejerskab i egen sag. Denne artikel diskuterer om – og hvordan – det er muligt at øge borgernes deltagelse og ejerskab i egen sag gennem en kommunikativ kompetenceudvikling hos de professionelle. Artiklens fokus er en undersøgelse af, hvordan et praksisforskningsprojekt kan bidrage til refleksion og læring i den professionelle praksis, som kan medvirke til et øget samarbejde mellem borger og professionel. Observationer og direkte supervision af praksis kan danne en frugtbar akse, hvor organisation, profession og forskning spiller sammen i en kritisk konstruktiv optik, der kan omsættes i læring og konkrete produktive forandringer i mødet mellem system og borger. AbstractEmpowerment within modern welfare requires professional skills. Power and power relations are dominant concepts in any form of social and relational work in modern welfare. In order to create an empowering partnership between service users and social workers it is necessary to research the production of power and to make power relations visible and negotiable. Service users’ perspectives and democratic principles could strengthen empowerment processes and develop social work practice. This article discusses how practice research as a process of collaboration is able to inform professional competence building and reflection to further cooperation between the professionals and the service users. Paying attention to details and micro processes in the individual meetings between service user and professional makes it obvious to understand how professionals can learn to communicate and work with empowerment in cooperation with the service users. On this basis the article concludes that it is possible for practice research – based on a close collaboration between research, social work and user perspectives – to inform new learning processes among professionals, and this in turn can contribute to a more empowering perspective in the collaboration between professionals and service users.
Giant World of Monsters
Authors: Boysen Mikkel Snorre Wilms 
Published: November 2020

ResuméInden for kreativitetsteori har der i de seneste 10 år været øget opmærksomhed omkring kreativitetens distribuerede og kollaborative aspekter. Først og fremmest har dette været udtryk for en epistemologisk drejning. Fra et fokus på individet har man således i stigende grad interesseret sig for, hvorledes kreativitet opstår som en konsekvens af et sammenspil mellem mennesker, materialer, teknikker, traditioner, m.m. Det nye perspektiv betyder ikke nødvendigvis, at velkendte pædagogiske metoder må forandres. På den anden side, er det oplagt at afsøge, hvilke potentialer denne nye optik kan tilbyde i forhold til at kvalificere pædagogisk rammesatte læringsmiljøer. Dette spørgsmål undersøges i denne artikel med afsæt i et autoetnografisk casestudie, hvor fire SFO børn udvikler et brætspil i sammenspil med en voksen. I casestudiet arbejder den voksne systematisk med at koble børnenes tanker og ideer til eksterne/interne netværk bestående af aktører, traditioner og materialer. Hermed benyttes kreativitetens distribuerede aspekt proaktivt med henblik på at kvalificere den innovative proces. Casestudiet peger på, at en sådan type didaktik er værdifuld i forhold til at fremme kreativitet og skabe nye typer af kollaborative fællesskaber mellem pædagoger og børn.
Giant World of MonstersA case study of collaborative creative processes among children and adults promoted and analyzed through the lenses of actor-network theory and distributed creativity.Within the last ten to twenty years of creativity research, the focus on interaction and collaboration has increased. First of all, this development is promoted by a new epistemological approach, according to which creativity is viewed as something that is distributed among people, materials, techniques, traditions, etc. This relatively new perspective does not necessarily have to affect well-known pedagogical methods. On the other hand, it seems relevant to explore the pedagogical potentials, this new perspective might entail. In this article, the potential is explored through an autoethnographic case study, in which four schoolchildren (ages 10 to 11) develop a game in collaboration with an adult. In the process, the adult systematically establishes connections between the children’ ideas and external networks represented by human and non-human actors, such as books, materials, persons, games, etc. Thus, the distributed aspects of creativity are intentionally activated and highlighted in order to strengthen the creative process. The case study indicates that this type of pedagogy might be productive in terms of promoting creativity and establishing new types of relations between children and teachers/pedagogues.
In vitro anti-diabetic effects and phytochemical profiling of novel varieties of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (L.) extracts
Authors: Wariyapperuma W.A. Niroshani M. , Kannangara Sagarika , Wijayasinghe Yasanandana S. , Subramanium Sri , Jayawardena Bimali 
Published: November 2020

Background
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is a leading metabolic disorder in the world. Anti-diabetic actions of phytochemicals from various medicinal herbs have been explored as an alternative therapy in the management of DMT2 due to adverse effects of synthetic drugs used in allopathic medicine. α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and phytochemical profiling were investigated in aqueous extracts of two new Cinnamomum zeylanicum accessions, namely C. zeylanicum Sri Wijaya (SW), C. zeylanicum Sri Gemunu (SG) and commercially available C. zeylanicum (CC).

Methods
Microwave Digestion (MD), Pressurized Water Extraction (PWE), Steam Distillation (SD), Solvent Extraction (SE), Decoction Water Extraction (DWE) and Infusion Water Extraction (IWE) methods were used to prepare Cinnamon quill extracts. Total phenolic content (TPC, Folin-Ciocalteu method) and Proanthocyanidin content (PC, vanillin assay), α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition of Cinnamon extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition were reported in terms of IC50 value. The phytochemical profiling was accomplished by GC-MS technique.

Results and Discussion
Lowest IC50 values were observed in PWE and DWE of SW. The highest PC and TPC were also observed in PWE and DWE of SW. Pressured water and decoctions are promising methods for the extraction of antidiabetic constituents from cinnamon. Benzoic acid, cinnamyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, and 4-Allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol were identified as major compounds in SW extracts. These compounds are believed to be responsible for strong enzyme inhibitory activity of the extracts.

Conclusions
This is the first study to explore the use of pressured and decoctions water to extract anti-diabetic phytochemicals from cinnamon. The extensive metabolite profiling of novel SW and SG extracts and comparison of that with commercially available CC are reported for the first time in this study. The C. zeylanicum, SW accession holds some promise in the management of diabetes.
Assessment of autonomous nerve system through non-linear heart rate variability outcomes in sedentary healthy adults
Authors: Navarro-Lomas Gines , De-la-O Alejandro , Jurado-Fasoli Lucas , Castillo Manuel J. , Femia Pedro , Amaro-Gahete Francisco J. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a psycho-physiological phenomenon with broad health implications. Different data analysis methods have been used to assess the autonomic nervous system activity, but the validation of new indexes that accurately describe its balance through non-invasive methods (i.e., HRV analysis) is of clinical interest. This study aimed: (i) to evaluate the association of the Stress Score (SS) and the Sympathetic/Parasympathetic Ratio (S/PS) with time domain and frequency domain analysis of HRV, and (ii) to set reference values of SS and S/PS in sedentary healthy adults.

Methods
A total of 156 sedentary healthy adults (38.4 ± 15.57 years old, 81 women), aged were involved in this study. HRV was measured for 15 min in a supine position at rest. SS and S/PS were calculated from the non-linear HRV analyses based on Poincare Plot.

Results
Stress Score showed a non-linear negative power-law relationship with SDNN (β = −0.969; R2 = 0.963; P < 0.001), RMSSD (β = −0.867; R2 = 0.722; P < 0.001), high frequency (β = −0.834; R2 = 0.752; P =< 0.001), low frequency (β = −0.627; R2 = 0.330; P < 0.001), SD1 (β = −0.867; R2 = 0.722; P < 0.001) and SD2 (β = −1.000; R2 > 0.999; P < 0.001). There was observed a negative cubic relationship between SS with PNN50 (β = −1.972; R2 = 0.644; P < 0.001). A linear regression model was conducted between SS with Ratio Low/High Frequency (β = 0.026; R2 < 0.001; P = 0.750). Non-linear power-law regression models were built between S/PS and SDNN (β = −0.990; R2 = 0.981; P < 0.001), RMSSD (β = −0.973; R2 = 0.939; P < 0.001), high frequency (β = −0.928; R2 = 0.970; P < 0.001), low frequency (β = −2.344; R2 = 0.557; P < 0.001), SD1 (β = −0.973; R2 = 0.939; P < 0.001) and SD2 (β = −0.611; R2 = 0.908; P < 0.001). A non-linear negative regression model was built between S/PS and PNN50 (β = −3.412; R2 = 0.868; P < 0.001). A linear regression model was conducted between S/PS and SD2/SD1 (β = 0.075; R2 = 0.006; P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our results support the use of SS as a sympathetic activity marker, and S/PS as an indicator of the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system in sedentary healthy adults.
Non-SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences identified in clinical samples from COVID-19 infected patients: Evidence for co-infections
Authors: Abouelkhair Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2020

Background
In December 2019, an ongoing outbreak of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/ 2019-nCoV) infection was initially reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Early in 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a new name for the 2019-nCoV-caused disease: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared COVID-19 to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Cellular co-infection is a critical determinant of viral fitness and infection outcomes and plays a crucial role in shaping the host immune response to infections.

Methods
In this study, 68 public next-generation sequencing data from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were retrieved from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive database using SRA-Toolkit. Data screening was performed using an alignment-free method based on k-mer mapping and extension, fastv. Taxonomic classification was performed using Kraken 2 on all reads containing one or more virus sequences other than SARS-CoV-2.

Results
SARS-CoV-2 was identified in all except three patients. Influenza type A (H7N9) virus, human immunodeficiency virus, rhabdovirus, human metapneumovirus, Human adenovirus, Human herpesvirus 1, coronavirus NL63, parvovirus, simian virus 40, and hepatitis virus genomes sequences were detected in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Besides, a very diverse group of bacterial populations were observed in the samples.
Optimizing and purifying extracellular amylase from soil bacteria to inhibit clinical biofilm-forming bacteria
Authors: Elamary Rokaia , Salem Wesam M. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundBacterial biofilms have become a major threat to human health. The objective of this study was to isolate amylase-producing bacteria from soil to determine the overall inhibition of certain pathogenic bacterial biofilms.MethodsWe used serial dilution and the streaking method to obtain a total of 75 positive amylase isolates. The starch-agar plate method was used to screen the amylolytic activities of these isolates, and we used morphological and biochemical methods to characterize the isolates. Optimal conditions for amylase production and purification using Sephadex G-200 and SDS-PAGE were monitored. We screened these isolates’ antagonistic activities and the purified amylase against pathogenic and multi-drug-resistant human bacteria using the agar disk diffusion method. Some standard antibiotics were controlled according to their degree of sensitivity. Finally, we used spectrophotometric methods to screen the antibiofilm 24 and 48 h after application of filtering and purifying enzymes in order to determine its efficacy at human pathogenic bacteria.ResultsThe isolatedBacillusspecies wereBacillus megaterium(26.7%),Bacillus subtilis(16%),Bacillus cereus(13.3%),Bacillus thuringiesis(10.7%),Bacillus lentus(10.7%),Bacillus mycoides(5.3%),Bacillus alvei(5.3%),Bacillus polymyxa(4%),Bacillus circulans(4%), andMicrococcus roseus(4%). Interestingly, all isolates showed a high antagonism to target pathogens.B. alevihad the highest recorded activity (48 mm) andB. polymyxahad the lowest recorded activity (12 mm) againstStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) andEscherichia coli, respectively. On the other hand, we detected no antibacterial activity for purified amylase. The supernatant of the isolated amylase-producing bacteria and its purified amylase showed significant inhibition for biofilm: 93.7% and 78.8%, respectively. This suggests that supernatant and purified amylase may be effective for clinical and environmental biofilm control.DiscussionOur results showed that soil bacterial isolates such asBacillus sp.supernatant and its purified amylase are good antibiofilm tools that can inhibit multidrug-resistant former strains. They could be beneficial for pharmaceutical use. While purified amylase was effective as an antibiofilm, the isolated supernatant showed better results.
Modeling the Probability of the Detection Process of Tax Evasion Taking into Account Quality and Quantity Indicators
Authors: Musayev Akif , Gazanfarli Mirvari 
Published: November 2020

Aims: In contrast to the classical approaches of the standard model of tax evasion based on game theory, our manuscript has considered the detection of tax evasion as one of the main function of tax administration and has proposed a model for assessing the probability of tax evasion taking into consideration qualitative and quantitative indicators.
Study Design: This investigation has been carried out on the basis of research methods such as scientific abstraction and systematic analysis, expert evaluation, logical generalization, statistical analysis.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mathematical provision of economic researches, between November 2019 and May 2020.
Methodology: For the evaluating of the probability of tax evasion’s detection firstly, efficiency indicators of tax administration were selected including 3 groups such as internal environmental, external micro, and external macro-environmental factors. These indicators consist of both quantitative as well as qualitative indicators. Quantitative indicators were assessed on the base on statistics information base. Quantitative indicators were assessed on the base of expert skills, knowledge, and experiences in accordance with under investigation countries. The objectiveness of obtained data that characterize qualitative indicators was checked and used both these as well as quantitative indicators for formulating the tax efficiency index. The next step is consists of using these formulations for evaluating the probability of detection of tax evasion under uncertainty. The impact degrees (membership functions) of the parameters that characterize the influence of 3 groups-environmental factors, in the detection of tax evasion were defined, and taking them into account in the fuzzy inference system probability of detection of tax evasion was assessed.
Limitations: Lack or uncertainties of the information base cause difficulties in applying our model.
Results: The probability of detection of tax evasion in the Republic of Azerbaijan was assessed with the proposed model and depends on the results recommendations have been consulted for improving appropriate tax system. As a result of model the probability of detection of tax evasion was defined 29%. The result shows that tax administration mechanism in Azerbaijan Republic need to be improved.
Conclusion: Proposed model drives practical significance as a providing effective activity of tax institutions by defining the level of tax administration, as well as, as an impacting remarkably the revenue of state budget by determining the probability of tax evasion's detection.
Detection of Trichomonas SPP. from Penile Bulls Fluid in Iraq
Authors: Hassan Baqer J. 
Published: November 2020

Trichomonas fetus. lives on the surface .of the penis and. prepuce of the. bull and in the. reproductive tract of .the cow . Bovine .trichomoniasis is a venereal. disease of cattle. caused by the. protozoan Trichomonas. fetus . Samples: In our study 100 samples were collected from penal bulls which send to the slaughter house , the samples were collected randomly from mature bulls before slaughtering. For diagnosis of trichomoniases we made the direct method (using slise smear). The result show that there are (2) positive samples of trichomonas Fetus found in preputial fluid of bulls penis , this indicate that bulls have trichomoniases because of the disease represent as sexually transmitted disease.
Phytopharmacognostic Evaluation of the Leaves OF Gnetum africanum Welw (Gnetaceae)
Authors: Umoh Romanus A. , Umoh Uwemedimo F. , Johnny Imoh I. , Umoh Omodot T. , Anah Victor U. , Udoh Anwanabasi E. , Elijah Akwaowoh A. , Adefabi Moses A. , Matthew Etido A. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Gnetum africanum Welw (Gnetaceae) also called African salad and Afang in Ibibio language is an evergreen, perennial, shade-tolerant vine with woody stems which can climb up to 12m or more from a tuberous root-stock. It has culinary and medicinal importance.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacognostic parameters of Gnetum africanum.
Methods: The leaves were identified, collected, air-dried, pulverized, weighed and subjected to the evaluation of its microscopy, micromeritics, chemomicroscopy, fluorescence, soluble extractive values, moisture content and ash values using standard procedures.
Results: The results obtained from microscopy revealed that the leaf has brachyparacytic, stomata, 3-5 armed and stellate trichromes on the abaxial surface. The epidermal cell wall pattern was undulate on the abaxial surface and sinuous on the adaxial surface. Stomatal number was found to be 3.1 ± 0.25 on the abaxial surface and Stomatal index was found to be 16.8% on the abaxial surface. The micromeritics analysis of the leaf powder revealed passable flow with the angle of repose of 420. The result of chemomicroscopy of the leaf revealed the presence of mucilage, lignin, calcium oxalate crystals, starch and oil. For water-soluble extractive value, the result was 13.25%w/w, methanol-soluble extractive value 4.25%w/w, ethanol-soluble extractive value 4%w/w, moisture content 10.5%w/w, total ash value was 5%w/w, acid-insoluble ash value 1%w/w, water-soluble ash value 2%w/w and sulfated- ash value 6% w/w.
Conclusion: The results obtained from the pharmacognostic study provides information for the identity, quality and purity of Gnetum africanum.
Investigation of Effects of Ecological Factors on the Establishment of Azotobacter in the Rhizosphere of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
Authors: Ngerebara Nathaniel N. , Amadi Lawrence O. 
Published: November 2020

Aim: The present study investigates the effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (phosphobacteria (PB) and activity of soil bacteriostasis on the development of Azotobacter in Thymus vulgaris rhizosphere.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Kenule Beeson Polytechnic botanical garden and at the Science Laboratory Department of the institution for a period of 7months (from March 2018- September 2018).
Methods: The impact of phytohormones produced by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in vitro and in the rhizosphere of T. vulgaris was used to assay for Azotobacter colonization. Bacteriostasis activity of the soil was determined by comparing the number of Azotobacter microcolonies on discs incubated over soil with respect to those on the controls.
Results: Decisive stimulation of Azotobacter population and establishment was observed in Thymus vulgaris rhizosphere when inoculated with phosphobacteria than when inoculated alone as reflected in 5% (0.05) least significant difference. Azotobacter was susceptible to the bacteriostatic factors in potted soils inoculated with it and without (Azotobacter). The increase in susceptibility of this rhizospheric bacteria was time dependent and reached a maximum and thereafter remained almost constant. However, this was overcome by the addition of NPK fertilizer to the plant at some critical stage of the assay.
Conclusion: The Presence of nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) in vegetation could play significant role in the sustainability and improvement of plant growth and yield. Soil bacteriostasis can also be an important factor that limits the survival and development of NFB.
Cardiac pericytes function as key vasoactive cells to regulate homeostasis and disease
Authors: Lee Linda L. , Khakoo Aarif Y. , Chintalgattu Vishnu 
Published: November 2020

Pericytes (PCs)—mural cells that envelop endothelial cells (ECs) of microvessels—regulate tissue‐specific vasculature development as well as maturation and maintenance of endothelial barrier integrity. However, little is known about their tissue‐specific function in the heart. Specifically, the mechanism by which cardiac PCs constrict coronary capillaries remains undetermined. To gain insights into the function of cardiac PCs at the cellular level, we isolated NG2+ PDGFRβ+ CD146+ CD34− CD31− CD45− PCs for detailed characterization. Functionally, we provide evidence that these PCs increased transepithelial electrical resistance and decreased endothelial permeability. We show for the first time that this population of PCs express contractile proteins, are stimulated by adrenergic signaling, and demonstrate stereotypical contraction and relaxation. Furthermore, we also studied for the first time, the PCs in in vitro models of disease. PCs in hypoxia activated the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 alpha pathway, increased secretion of angiogenic factors, and caused cellular apoptosis. Supraphysiological levels of low‐density lipoprotein decreased PC proliferation and induced lipid droplet accumulation. Elevated glucose levels triggered a proinflammatory response. Taken together, our study characterizes cardiac PCs under in vitro disease conditions and supports the hypothesis that cardiac PCs are key vasoactive cells that can regulate blood flow in the heart.
Neuroscience Does Design: What the Brain's Architecture Can Teach Architects
Authors: Kim Danbee , Kampff Adam R 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeuroscientists based at the Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour in London, Danbee Kim and Adam R Kampff study how the brain builds a mental model of its environment. Here, they imagine ‘built environments’ derived from these mental models. Their proposed designs may be ugly and they will likely fall over, but they hope they will distil insights from neuroscientific research in a form that facilitates discussion with the architects and planners responsible for creating environments in which the brain thrives.