bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Effects of the Household Budget Survey Redesign on Consumption and Inequality Estimates: the Italian Experience
Authors: Pannuzi Nicoletta , Grassi Donatella , Lemmi Achille , Masi Alessandra , Regoli Andrea 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In 2014, many innovations were introduced in the Italian Household Budget Survey (HBS) in response to changes in European recommendations and purchasing behaviours and to an increased demand for information in the context of social and economic research. New instruments and techniques have been introduced, together with more accurate methodologies, with the aim of improving the survey, by both reducing the bias and variance of survey estimates and supplying estimation for additional subpopulations and variables. Given the parallel conduction of the former and new HBS in 2013, it has been possible to evaluate the effects of the abovementioned changes on consumption expenditure and inequality estimates and to compare the sample representativeness of selected subpopulations in both surveys.
QoS to QoE Mapping Function for Iptv Quality Assessement Based on Kohonen Map: A Pilot Study
Authors: Frnda Jaroslav , Durica Marek , Savrasovs Mihail , Fournier-Viger Philippe , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with an analysis of Kohonen map usage possibility for real-time evaluation of end-user video quality perception. The Quality of Service framework (QoS) describes how the network impairments (network utilization or packet loss) influence the picture quality, but it does not reflect precisely on customer subjective perceived quality of received video stream. There are several objective video assessment metrics based on mathematical models trying to simulate human visual system but each of them has its own evaluation scale. This causes a serious problem for service providers to identify a critical point when intervention into the network behaviour is needed. On the other hand, subjective tests (Quality of Experience concept) are time-consuming and costly and of course, cannot be performed in real-time. Therefore, we proposed a mapping function able to predict subjective end-user quality perception based on the situation in a network, video stream features and results obtained from the objective video assessment method.
Development of Interactive Learning Media Flip-Book Using Kvisoft Flipbook Maker Based on Local Culture Arts
Authors: Putri Reni Ariska , Uchtiawati Sri , Fauziyah Nur , Huda Syaiful 
Published: July 2020

Development of interactive learning media flip book using Kvisoft flipbook maker based on local culture and art is one way to utilize technology education in the form of software kvisoft flipbook maker which is integrated with local cultural arts and produced a development product in the form of learning media for mathematics flip book. The purpose of this study was to determine the process of developing flip book learning media and the effectiveness of learning media flip book in the learning process in class. The subjects in this study were 30 students consisting of 16 men and 14 women in rade VII junior high school in Indonesia. The development model in this study uses the 4D model which consists of the stages of define, design, develop, and disseminate. The development process in this study starts from the stage define by conducting initial initial analysis, student analysis, taskanalysis, concept analysis, and learning objective specifications; the next stage is the stage design by conducting a benchmark reference test, media selection, format, and initial media design; the next stage is the stage develop by conducting expert validation and development testing; and the last stage is the stage disseminate by packaging media and distributing media in the same school scope with different classes. The development of this learning media flip book can be an alternative choice in the use of mathematics learning media, especially in social arithmetic material.
SURGICAL AUDIT - LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN A FREE CAMP AT PRIVATE SECTOR HOSPITAL
Authors: Dr. Abdul Ghani Soomro  
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is usual method for the treatment of gall bladder stone disease and is practiced all over the world due to many beneﬁts like fasten the recovery time. Furthermore, it reduced the post-operative pain and period of hospital stay. To conduct Surgical Audit and evaluate safety of Laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
METHODOLGY: This prospective study was conducted in a private hospital at Hyderabad during free camps of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Four camps were arranged in 2016 - 2019. Total number of 190 patients underwent Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy during the study period. The patient's age falls between 12–65 years. A detailed history, relevant investigation and Cardiac ﬁtness were evaluated. All patients underwent four ports Lap-Chole. Data was collected assessed and audit was performed and safety was evaluated.
RESULTS: Total 190 patients operated females 88.45% and males 11.55%. 115 (60.50%)were in the range of 30-35 years followed by 55 (28.95%)patients in the range of 40-50 years.8 (4.20%) patients were converted to open cholecystectomy, 4 due to bleeding from liver bed, 3 patients due to diﬃcult dissection in calots triangle and 1 due to Empyema of gall bladder.10 patients (5.50%) had Trocar site bleeding, 10 patients (5.50%) had gall bladder injury, in 4 cases had spillage of stones and 72 patients (38.50%) developed umbilical port site infection 1 patient develop port site hernia. No mortality was recorded in this study.
CONCLUSION: Our Surgical Audit proves that Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is a safe procedure on the basis of only 4.2% intra operative and 5.5% postoperative complications and gaining wide spread popularity among our population due to less pain, less hospital stay. We recommend other private hospitals to extent such services to our poor population with symptomatic cholelithiasis.
Commercial Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Molecular Assays: Superior Analytical Sensitivity of cobas SARS-CoV-2 Relative to NxTAG CoV Extended Panel and ID NOW COVID-19 Test
Authors: Jin Run , Pettengill Matthew A. , Hartnett Nicole L. , Auerbach Herbert E. , Peiper Stephen C. , Wang Zixuan 
Published: July 2020

Context.—
We implemented multiple nucleic acid amplification test platforms because of the limited availability of test kits for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the early stages of the pandemic. Interpretation of results generated by different platforms and prioritization for testing algorithms required cross-comparison.

Objective.—
To compare the analytical sensitivity of 3 commercial SARS-CoV-2 molecular assays, selected samples were studied in parallel with Cobas SARS-CoV-2 test, NxTAG CoV Extended Panel, and ID NOW COVID-19 assays.

Design.—
A total of 8043 SARS-CoV-2 tests performed from March 22 to April 19, 2020, were included in this study. For all 1794 positive specimens detected by the cobas SARS-CoV-2 assay, the cycle threshold (Ct) values were manually tracked and plotted to demonstrate the distribution of sample viral levels. Additionally, 50 and 63 low-positive specimens (Ct values &gt;32) as well as 50 and 61 consecutive positive specimens by the cobas assay were tested with NxTAG and ID NOW, respectively, to estimate their relative sensitivities.

Results.—
The Ct values of cobas SARS-CoV-2–positive samples were evenly distributed throughout ranges of 13.32 to 39.50 (mean, 25.06) and 13.60 to 42.49 (mean, 26.45) for ORF1 and E gene targets, respectively. NxTAG reliably detected only specimens with E gene Ct values lower than 33, and is estimated to detect 89.4% of positive specimens detected by cobas assay. ID NOW had performance variation independent of Ct value and is estimated to detect 83.5% of cobas positives.

Conclusions.—
Clinical specimens exhibit a wide range of viral burden, with a significant portion at low levels. Analytical sensitivity of testing platforms is critical for reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 and uniform care to patients.
Association between individual retinal layer thickness and visual acuity in patients with epiretinal membrane: a pilot study
Authors: Zou Jing , Tan Wei , Huang Wenlong , Liu Kangcheng , Li Fangling , Xu Huizhuo 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
We investigated the correlation between visual acuity (VA) and individual retinal layer thickness in the foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal regions of patients with an idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM).

Methods
One hundred and five subjects presenting with unilateral idiopathic ERM were included in this study. We segmented each patient’s optical coherence tomography (OCT) image into seven layers and calculated the mean layer thickness in the foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal regions using the Iowa Reference Algorithm. In 105 patients with ERM, we detected correlations between their macular regions’ individual retinal layer thickness and their best corrected VA. Thirty-one of the 105 patients with ERM underwent vitrectomy and completed six months of follow-up. We then compared the 31 surgical patients’ preoperative and postoperative individual retinal layer thickness in each macular region. Additionally, the association between preoperative individual retinal layer thickness in each macular region and VA six months post-surgery in patients with ≥ two Snellen lines of visual improvement was determined.

Results
Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the inner nuclear layer (INL) thickness in the foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal region were all associated with VA in the 105 patients (R2 = 0.344, P < 0.001; R2 = 0.427, P < 0.001; and R2 = 0.340, P < 0.001, respectively). Thirty-one surgical patients 6 months post-surgery showed significantly decreased thicknesses (P ≤ 0.012) of the foveal INL, inner plexiform layer (IPL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL); the parafoveal retina nerve fiber layer (RNFL), IPL, INL, and ONL; and the perifoveal RNFL, IPL, INL, ganglion cell layer (GCL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), and photoreceptor layer (PRL). We found a weak correlation between postoperative VA and preoperative foveal and perifoveal RNFL thickness (r = 0.404 and r = 0.359, respectively), and a moderate correlation between postoperative VA and preoperative foveal and parafoveal INL thickness (r = 0.529 and r = 0.583, respectively) in the 31 surgical patients (P ≤ 0.047). The preoperative INL thickness in the foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal regions showed a moderate to strong correlation (r = 0.507, 0.644, and 0.548, respectively), with postoperative VA in patients with ≥ 2 lines of visual improvement (P ≤ 0.038).

Conclusion
We detected a correlation between retinal damage and VA in the parafoveal, perifoveal, and foveal regions. Our results suggest that INL thickness in all macular regions may be a prognostic factor for postoperative VA in ERM patients.
Relative Suitability of Phosphorus Extraction Procedures for F Tropical Ferralsol
Authors: Tenywa J. S. , Odama E. , Amoding A. K. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the predictive capacity common procedures for soil P extraction and testing in laboratories in the region.
Materials and Methods: A pot study with treatments viz. soil phosphorus extraction methods (Bray I, Bray II and Mehlich 3), and six P application rates (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg P ha-1). Maize (Zea mays L.) variety Longe IV was the test crop. A Ferralsol from northwestern Uganda (West Nile) was used in this study.
Results and Conclusion: Mehlich 3 correlated most with plant P uptake by presenting the highest correlation coefficient with plant P content (r = 0.254) and a number of leaves per plant (r = 0.733). A strong positive correlation existed between Bray I and Mehlich 3 extractable P values (r = 0.975), suggesting lack of a marked difference between them; implying that either of the two procedures could be applied for soil P extraction in Ferralsols. However, Mehlich 3, being a multi-nutrient extractant, was recommended as the most suitable for P extraction for the Ferralsol used in this study.
Using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy for estimating nutritional quality of Brachiaria humidicola in breeding selections
Authors: Mazabel Johanna , Worthington Margaret , Castiblanco Valheria , Peters Michael , Arango Jacobo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBrachiaria humidicola (BH) (syn. Urochloa humidicola) is an important forage grass in the tropics due to its capacity to grow in nutrient‐deficient soils, tolerate waterlogging, and inhibit soil nitrification. A major objective of BH breeding is to improve its nutritional quality. Therefore, a rapid and low‐cost method is needed to assess main quality parameters such as neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and crude protein (CP). This study developed models using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict concentrations of these parameters toward breeding. Samples were collected from BH trials located in different regions of Colombia, scanned for NIRS (400–2,500 nm), analyzed with wet chemistry as reference values, and used to build the chemometric models. Results from wet chemistry showed wide variability in terms of dry matter percentage for NDF (51.6–76.2%), ADF (26.1–46.1%), IVDMD (41.5–78.3%), and CP (2.8–12.8%). The NIRS models were validated using an independent set of samples and have coefficients of determination (R2) and one minus the variance ratio (1 – VR) values in the range of .9 and .95, suggesting a good correlation between reference‐lab and NIRS‐predicted values. The standard errors of cross validation (SECV) for IVDM, NDF, ADF, and CP were 1.59, 1.18, 0.74, and 0.53%, respectively. Prediction efficiency (ratio of performance to standard deviation, RPD) for all parameters was above 3.0, except for CP (2.6). Calibrations obtained present an adequate adjustment and predictive tendency, making them suitable for selection and BH breeding.
Cancer and noncancer mortality among aluminum smelting workers in Badin, North Carolina
Authors: McClure Elizabeth S. , Vasudevan Pavithra , DeBono Nathan , Robinson Whitney R. , Marshall Stephen W. , Richardson David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBadin, North Carolina, hosted an aluminum smelting plant from 1917 to 2007. The Concerned Citizens of West Badin reported suspected excess cancer mortality among former employees. This study aimed to investigate these concerns.MethodsThe study cohort was enumerated from United Steel Workers’ records of workers employed from 1980 to 2007. Cause‐specific mortality rates in the cohort were compared with North Carolina population mortality rates using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), standardized by age, sex, race, and calendar period. We estimated cause‐specific adjusted standardized mortality ratios (aSMRs) using negative controls to mitigate healthy worker survivor bias (HWSB). Standardized rate ratios (SRRs) were calculated to compare mortality rates between workers ever employed vs never employed in the pot room.ResultsAll‐cause mortality among Badin workers was lower than in the general population (SMR: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71‐0.92). After adjusting for HWSB, excesses for all cancers (aSMR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.10‐2.21), bladder cancer (3.47, 95% CI: 1.25‐9.62), mesothelioma (17.33, 95% CI: 5.40‐55.59), and respiratory cancer (1.24, 95% CI: 0.77‐1.99) were observed. Black males worked the highest proportion of their employed years in the pot room. Potroom workers experienced higher respiratory cancer (SRR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.23‐7.26), bladder cancer (SRR: 1.58, 95% CI: 0.15‐15.28), and mesothelioma (SRR: 3.36, 95% CI: 0.21‐53.78) mortality rates than never workers in the pot room.ConclusionsThis study responds to concerns of a group of former aluminum workers. The results, while imprecise, suggest excess respiratory and bladder cancers among pot room workers in a contemporary cohort of union employees at a US smelter.
Expanded Analogs of Three‐Dimensional Lead‐Halide Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Umeyama Daiki , Leppert Linn , Connor Bridget A. , Manumpil Mary Anne , Neaton Jeffrey B. , Karunadasa Hemamala I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReplacing the Pb−X octahedral building unit of AIPbX3 perovskites (X=halide) with a pair of edge‐sharing Pb−X octahedra affords the expanded perovskite analogs: AIIPb2X6. We report seven members of this new family of materials. In 3D hybrid perovskites, orbitals from the organic molecules do not participate in the band edges. In contrast, the more spacious inorganic sublattice of the expanded analogs accommodates larger pyrazinium‐based cations with low‐lying π* orbitals that form the conduction band, substantially decreasing the band gap of the expanded lattice. The molecular nature of the conduction band allows us to electronically dope the materials by reducing the organic molecules. By synthesizing derivatives with AII=pyridinium and ammonium, we can isolate the contributions of the pyrazinium‐based orbitals in the band gap transition of AIIPb2X6. The organic‐molecule‐based conduction band and the inorganic‐ion‐based valence band provide an unusual electronic platform with localized states for electrons and more disperse bands for holes upon optical or thermal excitation.
Revealing the A‐Site Effect of Lead‐Free A3Sb2Br9 Perovskite in Photocatalytic C(sp3)−H Bond Activation
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhen , Yang Yuying , Wang Yingying , Yang Lanlan , Li Qi , Chen Langxing , Xu Dongsheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe lead‐free halide perovskite A3Sb2Br9 is utilized as a photocatalyst for the first time for C(sp3)−H bond activation. A3Sb2Br9 nanoparticles (A3Sb2Br9 NPs) with different ratios of Cs and CH3NH3 (MA) show different photocatalytic activities for toluene oxidation and the photocatalytic performance is enhanced when increasing the amount of Cs. The octahedron distortion caused by A‐site cations can change the electronic properties of X‐site ions and further affect the electron transfer from toluene molecules to Br sites. After the regulation of A‐site cations, the photocatalytic activity is higher with A3Sb2Br9 NPs than that with classic photocatalysts (TiO2, WO3, and CdS). The main active species involved in photocatalytic oxidation of toluene are photogenerated holes (h+) and superoxide anions (.O2−). The octahedron distortion by A‐site cations affecting photocatalytic activity remains unique and is also a step forward for understanding more about halide‐perovskite‐based photocatalysis. The relationship between octahedron distortion and photocatalysis can also guide the design of new photocatalytic systems involving other halide perovskites.
Kombination von DNA‐Origami und Polymeren: Eine leistungsstarke Methode zum Aufbau definierter Nanostrukturen
Authors: Hannewald Nadine , Winterwerber Pia , Zechel Stefan , Ng David Y. W. , Hager Martin D. , Weil Tanja , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDie Kombination von DNA‐Origami‐Nanostrukturen und Polymeren bietet neue Möglichkeiten für die Herstellung definierter Strukturen im 100‐nm‐Bereich. Im Allgemeinen dient hierbei das DNA‐Origami als vielseitige Vorlage für die hochspezifische Anordnung von Polymerketten. Polymer‐DNA‐Hybrid‐Nanostrukturen können durch Synthese des Polymers direkt auf der DNA‐Matrix oder durch Anknüpfung vorgeformter Polymere an das DNA‐Gerüst hergestellt werden. Diese Konjugationen können kovalenter Natur sein oder auf einer Basenpaarhybridisierung zwischen entsprechend modifizierten Polymeren und DNA‐Origami beruhen. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht das negativ geladene DNA‐Gerüst die Wechselwirkung mit positiv geladenen Polyelektrolyten unter Bildung stabiler Komplexe. Die Kombination von Polymeren mit einstellbaren Eigenschaften und DNA‐Origami ermöglicht die Herstellung einer neuen Klasse von Hybridmaterialien mit möglichen Anwendungen für den Energietransfer, Schaltkreise im Nanomaßstab oder die Templat‐gesteuerte Synthese von Polymerstrukturen mit Nanomustern.
Engineering Polar Oxynitrides: Hexagonal Perovskite BaWON2
Authors: Oró‐Solé Judith , Fina Ignasi , Frontera Carlos , Gàzquez Jaume , Ritter Clemens , Cunquero Marina , Loza‐Alvarez Pablo , Conejeros Sergio , Alemany Pere , Canadell Enric , Fontcuberta Josep , Fuertes Amparo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNon‐centrosymmetric polar compounds have important technological properties. Reported perovskite oxynitrides show centrosymmetric structures, and for some of them high permittivities have been observed and ascribed to local dipoles induced by partial order of nitride and oxide. Reported here is the first hexagonal perovskite oxynitride BaWON2, which shows a polar 6H polytype. Synchrotron X‐ray and neutron powder diffraction, and annular bright‐field in scanning transmission electron microscopy indicate that it crystalizes in the non‐centrosymmetric space group P63mc, with a total order of nitride and oxide at two distinct coordination environments in cubic and hexagonal packed BaX3 layers. A synergetic second‐order Jahn–Teller effect, supported by first principle calculations, anion order, and electrostatic repulsions between W6+ cations, induce large distortions at two inequivalent face‐sharing octahedra that lead to long‐range ordered dipoles and spontaneous polarization along the c axis. The new oxynitride is a semiconductor with a band gap of 1.1 eV and a large permittivity.
Organocatalytic Trapping of Elusive Carbon Dioxide Based Heterocycles by a Kinetically Controlled Cascade Process
Authors: Qiao Chang , Villar‐Yanez Alba , Sprachmann Josefine , Limburg Bart , Bo Carles , Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA conceptually novel approach is described for the synthesis of six‐membered cyclic carbonates derived from carbon dioxide. The approach utilizes homoallylic precursors that are converted into five‐membered cyclic carbonates having a β‐positioned alcohol group in one of the ring substituents. The activation of the pendent alcohol group through an N‐heterocyclic base allows equilibration towards a thermodynamically disfavored six‐membered carbonate analogue that can be trapped by an acylating agent. Various control experiments and computational analysis of this manifold are in line with a process that is primarily dictated by a kinetically controlled acylation step. This cascade process delivers an ample diversity of six‐membered cyclic carbonates in excellent yields and chemoselectivities under mild reaction conditions.
Functional Genome Mining Reveals a Class V Lanthipeptide Containing a d‐Amino Acid Introduced by an F420H2‐Dependent Reductase
Authors: Xu Min , Zhang Fei , Cheng Zhuo , Bashiri Ghader , Wang Jing , Hong Jiali , Wang Yemin , Xu Lijun , Chen Xuefei , Huang Sheng‐Xiong , Lin Shuangjun , Deng Zixin , Tao Meifeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLantibiotics are a type of ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified peptides (termed lanthipeptides) with often potent antimicrobial activity. Herein, we report the discovery of a new lantibiotic, lexapeptide, using the library expression analysis system (LEXAS) approach. Lexapeptide has rare structural modifications, including N‐terminal (N,N)‐dimethyl phenylalanine, C‐terminal (2‐aminovinyl)‐3‐methyl‐cysteine, and d‐Ala. The characteristic lanthionine moiety in lexapeptide is formed by three proteins (LxmK, LxmX, and LxmY), which are distinct from enzymes known to be involved in lanthipeptide biosynthesis. Furthermore, a novel F420H2‐dependent reductase (LxmJ) from the lexapeptide biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) is identified to catalyze the reduction of dehydroalanine to install d‐Ala. Our findings suggest that lexapeptide is the founding member of a new class of lanthipeptides that we designate as class V. We also identified further class V lanthipeptide BGCs in actinomycetes and cyanobacteria genomes, implying that other class V lantibiotics await discovery.