bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Three‐Field Finite Element Model for Wave Propagation in Linear Elastic Porous Media
Authors: Campos Bruna , Gracie Robert 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA three‐field finite element (FE) model for dynamic porous media considering the de la Cruz and Spanos (dCS) theory is presented. Due to fluid viscous dissipation terms, wave propagation in the dCS theory yields an additional rotational wave compared to Biot (BT) theory. In addition, introducing porosity as a dynamic variable in the dCS model allows solid‐fluid nonreciprocal interactions. Due to the volume‐averaging technique, the dCS model further accounts for a macroscopic shear modulus and adds a new macroscopic constant. The porous media governing equations are formulated in terms of solid displacement, fluid pressure, and fluid displacement. Space and time convergence rates for the FE dCS model are demonstrated in a one‐dimensional case. A dimensionless analysis performed in the dCS framework led to negligible differences between BT and dCS models except when assuming high fluid viscosity. Domains with small characteristic lengths resulted in BT and dCS damping terms in the same order of magnitude. One‐ and two‐dimensional examples showed that dCS nonreciprocal interactions and the macroscopic shear modulus are responsible for modifying wave patterns. A two‐dimensional injection well simulation with water and slickwater showed higher wave attenuation for the latter. High frequencies in dCS model were noticed to yield more significant changes in wave patterns. The numerical results highlight the contributions of the dCS porous media model and its importance in simulations of laboratory scale experiments, ultrasonic frequencies, and highly viscous fluids.
Can the Bladder Itself “Measure” Volume, and Thereby Help to Determine When Initiation of Voiding Should Occur? ICI‐RS 2024
Authors: Van Koeveringe Gommert , McCloskey Karen D. , Kanai Anthony J. , de Rijk Mathijs M. , Tyagi Pradeep , Speich John E. , Fry Christopher H. , Wein Alan J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo answer the question of whether the bladder itself can to any extent control or modulate the initiation of voiding.MethodsThis subject was discussed at the International Consultation on Incontinence‐Research Society (ICI‐RS) 2024 conference in Bristol, UK in a proposal session.ResultsCells in the bladder wall sense the local environment via a diverse array of ion channels and receptors which together provide input to motor‐sensory and signal transduction mechanisms. A purinergic signal transduction system provides a high‐gain mucosal chemosensitive transduction pathway between bladder wall stretch during filling and graded afferent activation. Recent studies established cross‐species similarities in the regulation of urine storage which include the upregulation of aquaporin (water) channels during bladder filling/wall stretch, in the bladder. In addition to the endocrine hypothalamus/pituitary axis production, urothelial production of arginine vasopressin acts on urothelial vasopressin receptors in a paracrine manner causing aquaporin channel upregulation, reducing the bladder volume and delaying sensation of fullness. Bladder shape influences the sensory systems involved in the perception of bladder volume; moreover irregular bladder shapes may correlate with overactive bladder.ConclusionsVolume measuring and signaling threshold‐determining mechanisms in the bladder along with shape and permeability act to influence the timing and type of signaling to the CNS; although this is not always followed by a consecutive action. The hierarchical grading of the signals originating from the bladder among other peripheral bodily or central signals are crucial factors that determine whether the bladder is “allowed” to initiate voiding.
Macromolecule Modelling for Improved Metabolite Quantification Using Short Echo Time Brain 1H‐MRS at 3 T and 7 T: The PRaMM Model
Authors: Dell'Orco Andrea , Riemann Layla Tabea , Ellison Stephen L. R. , Aydin Semiha , Göschel Laura , Ittermann Bernd , Tietze Anna , Scheel Michael , Fillmer Ariane 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTo improve reliability of metabolite quantification at both, 3 T and 7 T, we propose a novel parametrized macromolecules quantification model (PRaMM) for brain 1H MRS, in which the ratios of macromolecule peak intensities are used as soft constraints. Full‐ and metabolite‐nulled spectra were acquired in three different brain regions with different ratios of grey and white matter from six healthy volunteers, at both 3 T and 7 T. Metabolite‐nulled spectra were used to identify highly correlated macromolecular signal contributions and estimate the ratios of their intensities. These ratios were then used as soft constraints in the proposed PRaMM model for quantification of full spectra. The PRaMM model was validated by comparison with a single‐component macromolecule model and a macromolecule subtraction technique. Moreover, the influence of the PRaMM model on the repeatability and reproducibility compared with those other methods was investigated. The developed PRaMM model performed better than the two other approaches in all three investigated brain regions. Several estimates of metabolite concentration and their Cramér–Rao lower bounds were affected by the PRaMM model reproducibility, and repeatability of the achieved concentrations were tested by evaluating the method on a second repeated acquisitions dataset. Although the observed effects on both metrics were not significant, the fit quality metrics were improved for the PRaMM method (p ≤ 0.0001). Minimally detectable changes are in the range 0.5–1.9 mM, and the percentage coefficients of variations are lower than 10% for almost all the clinically relevant metabolites. Furthermore, potential overparameterization was ruled out. Here, the PRaMM model, a method for an improved quantification of metabolites, was developed, and a method to investigate the role of the MM background and its individual components from a clinical perspective is proposed.
An Efficient Workflow Scheduling Using Genetically Modified Golden Jackal Optimization With Recurrent Autoencoder in Cloud Computing
Authors: Tripathi Saurav , Tripathi Sarsij 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a novel workflow scheduling framework is proposed using genetically modified golden jackal optimization (GM‐GJO) with recurrent autoencoder. An integrated autoencoder and bidirectional gated recurrent unit (iAE‐BiGRU) are used to forecast the number of virtual machines (VMs) needed to manage the system's present workload. The following step involves assigning the tasks of several workflows to cloud VMs through the use of the GM‐GJO method for multiworkflow scheduling. GM‐GJO provides optimal workflow scheduling by considering minimal maximizing utilization rate, minimizing makespan, and minimizing the number of deadline missed workflows. The proposed approach attempts to allocate the best possible set of resources for the workflows based on objectives such as deadline, cost, and quality of service (QoS). Extensive experiments were conducted with the CloudSIM tool, and the performance is evaluated in terms of scheduling length ratio, cost, QoS, etc. The execution time of 513.45 ms is achieved with a Sipht workflow of 30 tasks. When comparing the suggested strategy to the current methodologies, the suggested approach performs better.
An Electro‐Elastic Coupling Model for Piezoelectric Composites Based on the Voronoi Cell Finite Element Method
Authors: Li Huan , Yang Nan , Guo Ran 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe Voronoi cell finite element method (VCFEM) has successfully characterized the linear elastic behavior of the composites. This study is dedicated to develop an electro‐elastic coupling VCFEM model mimicking the fully‐coupled electro‐elastic behavior of piezoelectric composites. For fiber‐reinforced piezoelectric composites considering interfacial cracks, the interface traction reciprocity, the interface charge density reciprocity on bonded interfaces and the interface traction‐free, the interface charge density‐free on debonded interfaces are comprised in the new assumed stress and electric displacement hybrid variational functional. The new variational functional is derived on the base of the element multifield energy functionals. Independent stress/electric displacement fields are respectively assumed within the two‐phase material domain. Several numerical examples considering perfectly‐bonded interface and partially cracked interface were used to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method by comparing the piezoelectric Voronoi element model results with those obtained by ABAQUS. Then this model is used to study the effect of several microscopic details, such as the property ratio of fiber to matrix, volume fraction, interfacial crack length and polarization direction on macroscopic equivalent physical and mechanical properties, as well as local stress/electric displacement fields. It is clear that the proposed model is suitable for analyzing piezoelectric composites containing many microstructures with bonded interface or debonded interface.
Contemporary treatment patterns of overweight and obesity: insights from the Mass General Brigham health care system
Authors: Ostrominski John W. , Wagholikar Kavishwar B. , Olsson Kelly , Unlu Ozan , Zelle David , Kumar Sanjay , Smith Austen M. , Toliver Joshua C. , Michalak Wojciech , Fabricatore Anthony , Hartaigh Bríain Ó. , Baer Heather J. , Cannon Christopher P. , Apovian Caroline M. , Fisher Naomi D. L. , Plutzky Jorge , Scirica Benjamin M. , Blood Alexander J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of obesity, obesity‐related conditions (ORCs), and antiobesity medication (AOM) eligibility and prescribing practice among eligible patients in a large health care system.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional analysis of the multicenter Mass General Brigham health care system (Boston, Massachusetts) spanning 2018 to 2022, adults eligible for AOMs (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 or BMI 27–29.9 kg/m2 with ≥1 ORC) were identified. Among those AOM‐eligible, the prevalence of prescriptions for AOMs approved for long‐term weight management was evaluated.ResultsOf 2,469,474 adults (mean [SD], age 53 [19] years; 57% female; BMI 28.1 [6.3] kg/m2), a total of 1,110,251 (45.0%) were eligible for AOMs. Of these, 69.4% (31.2% of overall cohort) had BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. AOM prescription was observed in 15,214 (1.4%) of all eligible patients, with female sex, younger age, higher BMI, commercial insurance, and greater ORC burden associated with higher prevalence of AOM prescriptions. Musculoskeletal disorders (54%) were the most common ORCs, with ≥2 ORCs observed in 62% of patients. Liraglutide 3.0 mg and semaglutide 2.4 mg were the most frequently prescribed AOMs (58% and 34% of all AOMs, respectively).ConclusionsAlthough nearly one‐half of all patients in a large health care system were AOM‐eligible by guidelines and regulatory labeling, only 1% of those who were eligible were prescribed AOMs.
An Innovative Filtration Approach With Triboelectric and Bimodal PA6/PVDF Nanofibrous Air Filters via the Electro‐Blowing Method
Authors: Toptas Ali , Calisir Mehmet D. , Kilic Ali 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFibers with electrostatic capture properties and bimodal structures, combining fibers of different diameters, offer innovative filtration approaches with low‐pressure drop and high efficiency. In this study, PA6 and dielectric PVDF nanofibrous mats, positioned differently in the triboelectric series, are produced via the electro‐blowing technique. To identify the most effective factors influencing filter performance, four groups are prepared: unimodal single‐layer filters, group X (fibers with the same diameters but different polymers for triboelectric effect), group Y (fibers with different diameters and polymers for bimodal + triboelectric effects), and group Z (fibers with only different diameters for only bimodal effect). The unimodal PVDF mats show 100% higher surface potential and the highest filtration efficiency (99.233%) among single‐layered samples. Multi‐layered samples perform better, with the four‐layered bimodal PA6/PVDF showing the greatest efficiency improvement due to both bimodal structure and triboelectric effect. After corona charging, sample Y3's filtration efficiency increases from 99.886% to 99.997%, with minimal change in pressure drop. After one month and IPA treatment, it retains a surface potential of −0.26 kV and 99.829% efficiency. The higher surface potential of group Y confirms the triboelectric effect, while its superior performance highlights the advantages of bimodal and electret effects.
Trial Registration: Not applicable, as this study does not involve a clinical trial.
Triptolide Promotes Ferroptosis in Cervical Cancer Cell via NRF2/xCT/GPX4
Authors: Feng Miaomiao , Wu Haiwang , Zhu Ling , Gao Jie , Deng Gaopi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCervical cancer (CC) is a serious risk to women's health; it is necessary to explore less toxic and more effective therapies to cure CC. Triptolide (Tri) is the principal active constituent found in “Tripterygium Wilford,” has been shown to have antitumor effects. This study set up to demonstrate whether Tri is capable of inducing ferroptosis in CC cells and its potential mechanism. In vitro, Tri was used to treat CC cells, and lipid peroxidation levels in CC cells were detected by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and other experiments; the molecular mechanism of Tri treatment of CC was explored by western blot; moreover, the regulatory effects of Tri on the NRF2/GPX4/xCT axis were verified by overexpressing NRF2 in reverse. In vivo, CC cells tumor‐bearing mice were constructed to observe the effect of Tri treatment on tumor growth. In vitro, we have demonstrated that Tri prevents the growth and migration of CC cells. Further investigation revealed that Tri substantially enhances ferroptosis in CC cells by increasing lipid peroxidation accumulation. Mechanically, Tri significantly reduced the expression of NRF2, leading to a corresponding repression of the NRF2 downstream targets GPX4 and xCT. Moreover, overexpressing of NRF2 effectively reversed the impact of Tri on ferroptosis in CC cells. Additionally, animal experiments indicted that Tri markedly inhibited tumor size in nude mice by inhibiting the NRF2/GPX4/xCT axis. Tri exerts antitumor effects by triggering ferroptosis in CC cells through the NRF2/GPX4/xCT axis.
Colorectal Robotic‐Assisted Surgery in Children. Long‐Term Outcomes and Pitfalls
Authors: Delgado‐Miguel Carlos , Reparaz Laura , Clarkson Wright , Desai Karina , Camps Juan I. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundColorectal surgical procedures may benefit from a minimally invasive approach in children, although there are few studies.MethodsA retrospective, single‐centre observational study was conducted on paediatric patients who underwent colorectal robotic‐assisted surgery between 2011 and 2022.ResultsA total of 50 patients (33 male; 17 female) were included, with a median age of 4.8 years (IQR:2.5–6.3 years). The main indication was robotic Soave pull‐through for Hirschsprung's disease in 21 cases. No conversions or intraoperative complications were reported. Operative time varied depending on the procedure, with a median of 183 min (IQR:151–224 min). Median hospital stay was 4 days (IQR:3–5 days). Four postoperative complications were observed, two of them Clavien‐Dindo IIIb (one colo‐anal partial dehiscence and one anastomotic leak after megasigmoid resection). Regarding long‐term follow‐up (median 7.6 years; IQR:4.8–10.6 years), 4 patients (8%) required surgical reintervention.ConclusionColorectal robotic‐assisted surgery encompasses several procedures with low complication rates and satisfactory long‐term outcomes.
Impact of Obesity on Perioperative Outcomes in Robotic Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Propensity Score‐Matched Study
Authors: Shyr Bor‐Uei , Shyr Bor‐Shiuan , Chen Shih‐Chin , Wang Shin‐E , Shyr Yi‐Ming 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe aim of this study is to assess the impact of obesity on the perioperative outcomes in robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD), rarely documented.MethodsA total of 886 patients undergoing RPD or open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) were enroled. These patients were categorised into the obese RPD, non‐obese RPD and obese OPD groups.ResultsOperation time was longer in obese RPD compared with non‐obese RPD and obese OPD (median: 9.5 vs. 7.5 and 8.0 h). Blood loss was lower in both RPD groups than in the obese OPD group (median: 200 and 120 vs. 500 c.c.). Surgical mortality and morbidity were comparable between these three groups. Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) occurred less frequently in both RPD groups than obese OPD (7.5% and 4.4% vs. 19.1%).ConclusionsObesity does not exert a negative impact on the perioperative outcomes in RPD, except for longer operation times. RPD has emerged as a safe and viable surgical approach for obese patients.
Fault Estimation and Fault‐Tolerant Control of Multiple Faults and Uncertain Disturbances Based on Generalized Sliding Mode Method
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Zhang Fangfang , Li Jie , Liu Yuanhong , Kou Lei , Van Wyk Michaël Antonie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMeasuring element is always accompanied by uncertainty disturbances and multiple faults during the long time operation of industrial system in complex environment such as blade and pitch system of floating wind turbines. Timely detection of the fault and fault‐tolerant control (FTC) perform a significant part in ensuring the stable operation of the system and saving maintenance fees. Sliding mode control is extensively applied to FTC because of its good robustness. Therefore, a sliding mode controller is constructed to guarantee the stability of the industrial plant which suffers multiple faults and uncertain disturbances. At the same time, most existing literature does not take into account several faults and uncertain disturbances. Firstly, employing generalized sliding mode method, we devise a sliding mode observer for evaluating state vector, actuator fault and sensor fault of the system. Secondly, according to the state estimation, we construct a sliding mode controller and prove its validity by Lyapunov's theorem. Our controller achieves satisfactory performance, and it is easier to be implemented in practical engineering than other controllers. Finally, we establish a SIMULINK model of blade and pitch system and make simulation experiments. Simulation outcomes validate the availability and practicability of our controller, which also provides a general scheme for fault estimation and FTC of other industrial plants.
Nonparametric Expectile Regression Meets Deep Neural Networks: A Robust Nonlinear Variable Selection method
Authors: Yang Rui , Song Yunquan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the variable selection problem in expectile regression under nonparametric conditions. In practical scenarios, data often exhibits heterogeneity and has a heavy‐tailed distribution. Expectile regression combines the advantages of mean regression and quantile regression, and can show the distribution characteristics of data at different expectile values. For actual data obtained, not all variables are important, selecting important variables can significantly reduce the cost of data collection and also reduce computational overhead. To extract representative feature subsets, various variable selection methods have been proposed for linear expectile regression models. However, in practice, there may be complex nonparametric relationships between explanatory and response variables. This paper extends the nonlinear variable selection method based on deep neural network DFS to nonparametric expectile regression to study the distribution correlation between explanatory and response variables in nonparametric situations. We validated the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method in numerical simulations and applied it to the used car transaction price dataset.
The Impact of Physical Activity on the Disability‐Related Stress of Individuals With Physical Disabilities: A Five‐Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kim Jaehyun , Lee JungJoo , Kim Junhyoung 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPeople with physical disabilities report a higher prevalence of psychological distress and chronic stress than those without disabilities. Participation in physical activity (PA) has been considered an effective coping strategy to deal with stressors and improve the mental health of people with disabilities. However, very little research has been conducted to explore the relationship between disability‐related stress and PA participation by people with physical disabilities longitudinally on an international scale. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of PA participation on disability‐related stress among people with physical disabilities longitudinally. This study used data from the second wave of the Korean Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED) from 2016 to 2022. The results of generalised estimated equation modelling indicated that higher levels of PA participation were associated with lower disability‐related stress levels over time in the Koreans with physical disabilities who participated in our study. Our findings suggest that participating in 130–150 min of PA per week is the optimal range for reducing disability‐related stress. The practical implications of improving the mental health of people with physical disabilities and future research directions were discussed.
Improved Therapeutic Efficiency of Senescent Cell‐specific, Galactose‐Functionalized Micelle Nanocarriers
Authors: Parshad Badri , Baker Andrew George , Ahmed Ishtiaq , Estepa‐Fernández Alejandra , Muñoz‐Espín Daniel , Fruk Ljiljana 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCellular senescence has recently been recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer, aging, as well as many age‐related disorders, sparking significant interest in the development of senolytics, compounds that can remove senescent cells. However, most current pharmacological strategies face challenges related to non‐specific delivery, leading to significant side effects that hinder safe and effective treatments. To address these issues, galactose‐functionalized amphiphiles are synthesized that can self‐assemble into micelles and be loaded with a senolytic cargo. These galactose‐micelles are responsive to the lysosomal β‐galactosidase enzyme, present in elevated amounts in senescent cells, and are employed for specific delivery of the senolytic Bcl2‐inhibitor Navitoclax. This novel formulation showed reduced delivery and toxicity to non‐senescent cells, thereby increasing the senolytic index of Navitoclax and making it suitable for future in vivo experimental designs to improve selectivity and safety profiles.