bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Genus Gynura: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tan Jiah Ning , Mohd Saffian Shamin , Buang Fhataheya , Jubri Zakiah , Jantan Ibrahim , Husain Khairana , Mohd Fauzi Norsyahida 
Published: November 2020

Background:Gynura species have been used traditionally to treat various ailments, such as fever, pain, and to control blood glucose level. This systematic review critically discusses studies regarding Gynura species that exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, thus providing perspectives and instructions for future research of the plants as a potential source of new dietary supplements or medicinal agents.Methods: A literature search from internet databases of PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, e-theses Online Service, and ProQuest was carried out using a combination of keywords such as “Gynura,” “antioxidant,” “anti-inflammatory,” or other related words. Research articles were included in this study if they were experimental (in vitro and in vivo) or clinical studies on the antioxidant or anti-inflammatory effects of Gynura species and if they were articles published in English.Results: Altogether, 27 studies on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Gynura species were selected. The antioxidant effects of Gynura species were manifested by inhibition of reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation, modulation of glutathione-related parameters, and enzymatic antioxidant production or activities. The anti-inflammatory effects of Gynura species were through the modulation of inflammatory cytokine production, inhibition of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide production, cellular inflammatory-related parameters, and inflammation in animal models. The potential anti-inflammatory signaling pathways modulated by Gynura species are glycogen synthase kinase-3, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, PPARγ, MAPK, NF-κB, and PI3K/Akt. However, most reports on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the plants were on crude extracts, and the chemical constituents contributing to bioactivities were not clearly understood. There is a variation in quality of studies in terms of design, conduct, and interpretation, and in-depth studies on the underlying mechanisms involved in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the plants are in demand. Moreover, there is limited clinical study on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Gynura species.Conclusion: This review highlighted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of genus Gynura and supported their traditional uses to treat oxidative stress and inflammatory-related diseases. This review is expected to catalyze further studies on genus Gynura. However, extensive preclinical data need to be generated from toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies before clinical studies can be pursued for their development into clinical medicines to treat oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions.
Weichang’an Formula Inhibits Tumor Growth in Combination with Bevacizumab in a Murine Model of Colon Cancer—Making up for the Deficiency of Bevacizumab by inhibiting VEGFR-1
Authors: Pan Chuan-Fang , Zhang Xi , Wang Jing-Wen , Yang Tao , Zhong Linda L. D. , Shen Ke-Ping 
Published: November 2020

Aim: Angiogenesis plays an important role in the initiation, development, and metastasis of malignant tumors. Antiangiogenic drugs combined with immune therapy are considered to have a synergistic effect on anti-tumor strategy. Weichang’an formula (WCAF) is a prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based on pharmaceutical screening and clinical experience. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of WCAF and its combined action with Bevacizumab (BEV) in colorectal cancer, and to identify the possible mechanism of action.Methods: A human colon cancer cell (HCT 116) subcutaneous xenograft model was established in BALB/c-nu/nu mice. Tumor-bearing mice were randomized into each of four groups: control, WCAF treated, BEV treated, and WCAF plus BEV treated. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Western blot was used to assess the protein levels of Leptin-R, STAT3, p-STAT3, BCL-2, and VEGFR-1. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the micro-vessel density (MVD) and AKT1. Leptin and Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) mRNA expression were detected by Real-time PCR (RT-PCR). A network pharmacology study and validation assay were carried out to find the underlying molecular targets of WCAF related to immune regulation.Results: Compared with the control group, WCAF reduced tumor weight and volume, as well as promoted tumor cell apoptosis. WCAF treatment decreased the mRNA expression of Leptin and VEGF-A, while the protein levels of CD31, LEP-R, VEGFR-1, STAT3, and p-STAT3 were decreased in tumor tissues. In addition, VEGFR-1 protein expression was decreased in the WCAF group and the WCAF plus BEV group but not in the BEV group. The combination of WCAF and BEV demonstrated a partial additive anti-tumor effect in vivo. The pharmacological network also found there are 26 WCAF target proteins related to cancer immune and 12 cancer immune related pathways. The AKT1 protein expression in the WCAF and WCAF + BEV groups were significantly lower than the that in the control group (p &lt; 0.01).Conclusion: WCAF can inhibit tumor growth and promote apoptosis and inhibit tumor angiogenesis in subcutaneous xenografts of human colon cancer HCT-116 in nude mice. WCAF also makes up for the deficiency of BEV by inhibiting VEGFR-1. The VEGFR-1 expression between the combination group and BEV alone achieved statistically significant difference (p &lt; 0.01). Combined with BEV, WCAF showed a partial additive anti-tumor effect. The mechanism may be related to Leptin/STAT3 signal transduction, VEGF-A, VEGFR-1 and WCAF target proteins related to cancer immune such as leptin and AKT1.
Linagliptin Regulates the Mitochondrial Respiratory Reserve to Alter Platelet Activation and Arterial Thrombosis
Authors: Li Yi , Li Rong , Feng Ziqian , Wan Qin , Wu Jianbo 
Published: November 2020

Background: The pharmacological inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) potentiates incretin action, and DPP-4 is a drug target for type 2 diabetes and reducing cardiovascular risk. However, little is known about the non-enteroendocrine pathways by which DPP-4 might contribute to ischaemic cardiovascular events.Methods: We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of DPP-4 can inhibit platelet activation and arterial thrombosis by preventing platelet mitochondrial dysfunction and release. The effects of pharmacological DPP-4 inhibition on carotid artery thrombosis, platelet aggregation, and platelet mitochondrial respiration signaling pathways were studied in mice.Results: Platelet-dependent arterial thrombosis was significantly delayed in mice treated with high dose of linagliptin, a potent DPP-4 inhibitor, and fed normal chow diet compared to vehicle-treated mice. Thrombin induced DPP-4 expression and activity, and platelets pretreated with linagliptin exhibited reduced thrombin-induced aggregation. Linagliptin blocked phosphodiesterase activity and contrained cyclic AMP reduction when thrombin stimulates platelets. Linagliptin increases the inhibition of platelet aggregation by nitric oxide. The bioenergetics profile revealed that platelets pretreated with linagliptin exhibited decreased oxygen consumption rates in response to thrombin. In transmission electron microscopy, platelets pretreated with linagliptin showed markedly reversed morphological changes in thrombin-activated platelets, including the secretion of α-granules and fewer mitochondria.Conclusion: Collectively, these findings identify distinct roles for DPP-4 in platelet function and arterial thrombosis.
Comorbidity in an Older Population with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: Identification of the Characteristics and Healthcare Utilization of High-Cost Patients
Authors: Guerrero-Fernández de Alba Inmaculada , Orlando Valentina , Monetti Valeria M. , Mucherino Sara , Gimeno-Miguel Antonio , Vaccaro Olga , Forjaz Maria João , Poblador Plou Beatriz , Prados-Torres Alexandra , Riccardi Gabriele , Menditto Enrica 
Published: November 2020

Objectives: Little is known about the specific comorbidities contributing to higher costs in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly in older cases. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, type, and cost of comorbidities occurring in older T2DM patients versus older non-T2DM patients, and the factors associated with high cost (HC) T2DM patients.Methods: Retrospective cohort study using information from the Campania Region healthcare database. People aged ≥65 years who received ≥2 prescriptions for antidiabetic drugs were identified as “T2DM patients.” Comorbidities among T2DM and non-T2DM groups were assessed through the RxRiskV Index (modified version). T2DM individuals were classified according to the total cost distribution as HC or “non-high cost.” Two sub-cohorts of HC T2DM patients were assessed: above 90th and 80th percentile of the total cost. Age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression models were created.Results: Among the T2DM cohort, concordant and discordant comorbidities occurred significantly more frequently than in the non-T2DM cohort. Total mean annual cost per T2DM patient due to comorbidities was €7,627 versus €4,401 per non-T2DM patient. Among T2DM patients identified as being above 90th and 80th percentiles of cost distribution, the total annual costs were &gt;€19,577 and &gt;€2,563, respectively. The hospitalization cost was higher for T2DM cases. Strongest predictors of being a HC T2DM patient were having ≥5 comorbidities and renal impairment.Conclusion: HC patients accrued &gt;80% of the total comorbidities cost in older T2DM patients. Integrated care models, with holistic and patient-tailored foci, could achieve more effective T2DM care.
Erythrocytes Induce Endothelial Injury in Type 2 Diabetes Through Alteration of Vascular Purinergic Signaling
Authors: Mahdi Ali , Tratsiakovich Yahor , Tengbom John , Jiao Tong , Garib Lara , Alvarsson Michael , Yang Jiangning , Pernow John , Zhou Zhichao 
Published: November 2020

It is well established that altered purinergic signaling contributes to vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Red blood cells (RBCs) serve as an important pool for circulating ATP and the release of ATP from RBCs in response to physiological stimuli is impaired in T2D. We recently demonstrated that RBCs from patients with T2D (T2D RBC) serve as key mediators of endothelial dysfunction. However, it remains unknown whether altered vascular purinergic signaling is involved in the endothelial dysfunction induced by dysfunctional RBCs in T2D. Here, we evaluated acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) of isolated rat aortas after 18 h ex vivo co-incubation with human RBCs, and aortas of healthy recipient rats 4 h after in vivo transfusion with RBCs from T2D Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Purinergic receptor (PR) antagonists were applied in isolated aortas to study the involvement of PRs. EDR was impaired in aortas incubated with T2D RBC but not with RBCs from healthy subjects ex vivo, and in aortas of healthy rats after transfusion with GK RBCs in vivo. The impairment in EDR by T2D RBC was attenuated by non-selective P1R and P2R antagonism, and specific A1R, P2X7R but not P2Y6R antagonism. Transfusion with GK RBCs in vivo impaired EDR in aortas of recipient rats, an effect that was attenuated by A1R, P2X7R but not P2Y6R antagonism. In conclusion, RBCs induce endothelial dysfunction in T2D via vascular A1R and P2X7R but not P2Y6R. Targeting vascular purinergic singling may serve as a potential therapy to prevent endothelial dysfunction induced by RBCs in T2D.
Retrospective Assessment of Risk Factors for Head and Neck Cancer Among World Trade Center General Responders
Authors: Bover Manderski Michelle T. , Black Kathleen , Udasin Iris G. , Black Taylor M. , Steinberg Michael B. , Giuliano Anna R. , Luft Benjamin J. , Harrison Denise , Crane Michael A. , Moline Jacqueline , Passannante Marian R. , Ohman Strickland Pamela , Dasaro Christopher R. , Lucchini Roberto G. , Todd Andrew C. , Graber Judith M. 
Published: November 2020

Objective: To assess the reliability of a questionnaire designed to reconstruct risk factors for head and neck cancer relative to the 9/11 World Trade Center (WTC) response and over the lifetime.Methods: As part of a nested case-control study, 200 WTC Health Program (WTCHP) General Responder Cohort (GRC) members completed a newly-developed study questionnaire via telephone (with a trained interviewer) or online (self-administered). We assessed agreement between measures of tobacco and alcohol use in our questionnaire results and data collected previously during WTCHP-GRC monitoring visits using Cohens Kappa (κ) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for categorical and continuous measures, respectively. We compared agreement by disease status, survey mode, and year of WTCHP enrollment.Results: We observed high agreement between measures of lifetime, pre-WTC, and post-WTC smoking prevalence (all κ &gt; 0.85) and smoking duration (all ICC &gt; 0.84). There was moderate agreement between measures of smoking frequency (ICC: 0.61–0.73). Agreement between measures of smoking frequency, but not duration, differed by disease status, and agreement between smoking measures was higher for participants who completed our survey by phone than by web. Among cases, there were no differences based on enrollment in the WTCHP before or after diagnosis.Conclusion: Agreement between measures was generally high, although potential reporting bias and a mode effect that should be considered when interpreting analyses of self-reported data in this population; however differential misclassification appears to be minimal. Our questionnaire may be useful for future studies examining similar behavioral risk factors among disaster-exposed populations.
Influence of BiFeO3 perovskite on the structure and magnetic properties of lead-free Bi0.5Na0.4K0.1TiO3 films
Authors: Quan Ngo Duc , Minh Nguyen Duc , Rijnders Guus 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Lead-free (1-x)Bi0.5Na0.4K0.2TiO3-xBiFeO3 (abbreviated as BNKT-xBFO) ferroelectric films with x in the range from 0.00 to 0.10, were synthesized by the chemical solution deposition technique on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. The microstructures and magnetic behaviors of BNKT-xBFO films were analyzed in detail as a function of BFO concentration. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that BNKT-xBFO films were grown with a single-phase perovskite structure. The pure films showed an antiferromagnetic behavior. The magnetic properties of the films were gradually transferred from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic properties when BFO concentration was raised. The saturated magnetization (M
S) reached the highest value of 10.3 emu cm−3 at the BFO-doped concentration x = 0.10. Our work will contribute to illuminate the impact of BFO (ABO3 perovskite structure) on the magnetic properties of BNKT materials at room temperature.
Relation between cut-off frequency and equivalent circuit of spoof surface plasmon polariton and its applications
Authors: Zhao Hongxin , Wang Qipeng , Liu Leilei , Yin Xiaoxing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper reveals a relation between the cut-off frequency and the simplified equivalent circuit of a spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP). An SSPP transmission line (TL) with low upper cut-off frequency is proposed based on the relation. In this SSPP-TL, a double-layer interdigital strip is constructed to increase the capacitance in the simplified equivalent circuit model, and in turn the cut-off frequency is decreased. The proposed SSPP-TL features an upper cut-off frequency of only 2.75 GHz, which indicates that the proposed relation is instructive to design the geometry of an SSPP with low cut-off frequency.
SYSTEM DYNAMICS FOR SIMULATION MODEL OF MATERIAL COST IN WATER RECOURCES PROJECT
Authors: Mundra I Wayan , Hirijanto Hirijanto 
Published: November 2020

Project cost is one of the constraints in the achievement of a construction project. Limitation on projects financing require more realistic and efficient cost analysis in preparation of project. Due to changes in projects planning over time, it is usually difficult to predict the future project cost. So, we need an integrated system and give an efficiency for the planner. Project cost consists of cost components which is there are an interrelationship each other’s and influencing the overall cost of the project. The approach using system dynamic is one of the best solutions to identify the causal relationship between cost components by using software tools Ventana Simulation (Vensim) to facilitate the identification of causal relationship (causatic diagram) and mathematical equations between variables in stock flow diagram. The results of system dynamic approach show that the simulation model can be used to predict/ estimate the project’s cost in the coming years. Verification and validation of simulation model is eligible based on the value of means comparison, E1 = 0.32% < 5% and % error variance, E2 = 3.19% < 30% so the developed model can be done scenarios for changes that occur on the system according to the user needs.
Possibilities and limits of participation in the municipal health council in a small municipality
Authors: Cetolin S. F. , Michna K. N. , Trissoldi L. P. , Zimmermann A. T. , Beltrame V. , Steffani J. A. 
Published: November 2020

This article presents results of a research carried out with the objective of analyzing the participation of Social Control in the sphere of Public Health Policy of a small municipality, located in the Extreme West of Santa Catarina. This is a qualitative study, carried out with the participation of twelve directors, six representatives of non-governmental entities and six of governmental entities. Data were collected between August and December 2019, through interviews with open and closed questions. The research was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee. All requirements contained in the Resolution of the National Health Council - CNS 466/2012 were observed and respected. The limits for the participation of members in the Council, time and lack of knowledge in the health area were found as limits, and with regard to the possibilities, a broader view of the health services offered, and within this, the prioritization of actions and actions. It is observed that Social Control is very important and necessarily needs to be maintained and strengthened. The Federal Constitution of 1988 consolidated and predicted in its devices the participation of citizens in the formulation and implementation of Social Control, public health policies. It is hoped that the result of the research can boost proposals that are configured as responses to the strengthening of participation in Social Control, recognizing the Health Councils are deliberative and permanent collegiate organs of the SUS, existing in each sphere of government and members of the basic structure of the health system.
The impact of catastrophic flood in 2013 on the flora of the Amur floodplain near Komsomolsk-on-Amur.
Authors: ШЕЕНКО П.С. 
Published: November 2020

Рассмотрены различия в локальной флоре амурской поймы до и после катастрофического наводнения 2013 г. Выявлены изменения в видовом составе, спектрах семейств и эколого-ценотических групп высших растений в высокой и низкой пойме у г. Комсомольск-на-Амуре под влиянием наводнения. Установлено, что после катастрофы растительное сообщество низкой поймы меньше изменило свою таксономическую и экологическую структуру, чем высокой, однако восстановительные процессы в низкой пойме протекали медленнее.
The local flora differences of the Amur flood plain after and before the catastrophic flood in 2013 have been considered. The flood impact on the modification of species checklist, family and ecological-coenotic spectra of the higher plants in the high and low flood plain in the vicinity of Komsomolsk-on-Аmur have been revealed. It was claimed that after the catastrophe the low flood plain plant community had changed its taxonomic and ecological structure to a lesser degree than that of the high one. However the renewal process was stated to be slower in the low flood plain.
Implementation of Problem Based Learning Model at Class VII9 of SMP Negeri 21 Pekanbaru
Authors: Ananda Della Widya , Kartini Kartini , Hutapea Nahor Murani 
Published: November 2020

Abstrack: The proposes of this research are to improve the learning process and to increase mathematics achievement from the students with applied problem based learning model. Class action research is carried out in two cycles. First cycles has three meetings and one daily tests, second cycles has three meetings and one daily tests. The research subject is the students of class VII9 SMP Negeri 21 Pekanbaru in academic year 2019/2020, which total of participants are 39 students, consists of 22 female students and 17 male students with heterogeneous ability. The qualitative descriptive showed an improvement of learning process prior to the action on the first and second cycle. The data of the student’s evaluation test showed the number of students who reached KKM on the basic score, daily tests (cycle I), daily tests (cycle II) were 15 people (38,46%), 26 people (66,6%), and 30 people (76,9%). The percentage of KKM achievement shows an increase from before the action to after the action so that it can be said that the learning out comes of students also in crease.The results of this study indicate that the Problem Based Learning model can improve the learning process and improve the mathematics learning out comes of students of VII9 SMP Negeri 21 Pekanbaru in the even semester of the 2019/2020 academic year on material social arithmetic.
HYPERPROLACTINEMIA AND ANEMIA IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Loboda Olena 
Published: November 2020

Aims: To determine the relationship of prolactin (PL) levels with the frequency of anemia and the level of cardiovascular events in patients with CKD VD stage.Material and methods: A prospective cohort study included 55 patients with CKD VD stage with anemia. Serum prolactin levels were determined in all patients.Results and discussion: 24 patients (44%) had normal levels of PL, and 31 (56%) patients had elevated levels of PL. It was determined that PL had a negative correlation with hemoglobin level (r = -0.42; p = 0.01), as well as a negative correlation with albumin level (r = -0.38; p = 0.02). The frequency of cardiovascular events after 12 months. In patients with elevated levels of PL was significantly higher than in patients with normal levels of PL: 17 events (55%) vs 4 events (17%) (χ2 8.4, p = 0.004).Conclusions: The prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in our study was 56%. Elevated levels of PL are associated with lower levels of hemoglobin, lower levels of albumin and an increased frequency of cardiovascular events.