bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safe Behaviour in the Petrochemical Industry: Evaluating the Consistency Between Conceptual Frameworks and Factors Reported by Iranian Workers
Authors: Harsini Azita Zahiri , Bohle Philip , Matthews Lynda R , Ghofranipour Fazlollah , Sanaeinasab Hormoz , Shokravi Farkhondeh Amin , Prasad Krishan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Unsafe worker behaviour is often identified as a major cause of dangerous incidents in the petrochemical industry. Behavioural safety models provide frameworks that may help to prevent such incidents by identifying factors promoting safe or unsafe behaviour. A literature review was conducted to identify models of safe behaviour and determine which were most consistent with the experiences reported by workers in our qualitative study of the Iranian petrochemical industry.Methods: Five databases (EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus) were searched for studies between 2000 and 2019 that evaluated antecedents and outcomes of safe workplace behaviours in the petrochemical industry or other industrial settings. After duplications were removed, 141 publications were screened and 31 that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Constructs described in each publication were assessed for consistency with themes derived from the interview responses from Iranian petrochemical workers in the qualitative study: poor direct safety management and supervision; unsafe workplace conditions; workers' perceptions, skills and training; and broader organisational factors. Results: The themes identified in the qualitative study most closely matched those in the model described by Wu et al. (2011): poor direct safety management and supervision matched with safety leadership and several subscales; unsafe workplace conditions matched with several subscales; workers' perceptions, skills and training matched with two subscales, and broader organisational factors matched with two other subscales. The model selected was the one that included the most constructs matching the themes identified in the qualitative study.Conclusions: Valid behavioural safety models can provide a basis for more effective safety cultures and management systems in selected contexts. This study identified most consistency between themes elicited from Iranian petrochemical workers and the constructs described by Wu et al. (2011), providing evidence of the validity of their model. Intervention studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of safety models in improving safe behaviours in industrial settings.Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20170515033981N2. Registered 19 June 2018, https://www.irct.ir/trial/26107.
Exosomal LncRNA–NEAT1 Derived From MIF-Treated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protected Against Doxorubicin-induced Cardiac Senescence Through Sponging miR-221-3p
Authors: Zhuang Lei , Xia Wenzheng , Chen Didi , Ye Yijia , Hu Tingting , Li Shiting , Hou Meng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (Dox) is widely used for treating a variety of cancers. However, its high cardiotoxicity hampered its clinical use. Exosomes derived from stem cells showed a therapeutic effect against Dox-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC). Previous studies reported that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) pretreated with macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) (exosomeMIF) showed a cardioprotective effect through modulating long noncoding RNAs/microRNAs (lncRNAs/miRs). This study aimed to investigate the role of exosomeMIF in the treatment of DIC.ResultsExosomes were isolated from control MSCs (exosome) and MIF-pretreated MSCs (exosomeMIF). Regulatory lncRNAs activated by MIF pretreatment were explored using genomics approaches. Fluorescence-labeled exosomes were tracked in vitro by fluorescence imaging. In vivo and in vitro, miR-221-3p mimic transfection enforced miR-221-3p overexpression, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay was applied to test cellular senescence. Exosomal delivering LncRNA-NEAT1 induced therapeutic effect in vivo was confirmed by echocardiography. It demonstrated that exosomesMIF recovered the cardiac function and exerted the anti-senescent effect through LncRNA–NEAT1 transfer against Dox. TargetScan and luciferase assay showed that miR-221-3p targeted the Sirt2 3'-untranslated region. Silencing LncRNA–NEAT1 in MSCs, miR-221-3p overexpression or Sirt2 silencing in cardiomyocytes decreased the exosomeMIF-induced anti-senescent effect against Dox.ConclusionsThe results indicated exosomeMIF serving as a promising anti-senescent effector against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity through LncRNA–NEAT1 transfer, thus inhibiting miR-221-3p and leading to Sirt2 activation. The study proposed that exosomeMIF might have the potential to serve as a cardioprotective therapeutic agent during cancer chemotherapy.
Directional divergence of EP300 duplicates in teleosts and its implications
Authors: Wang Xianzong , Yan Junli 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: EP300 is a conserved protein in vertebrates, which serves as a key mediator of cellular homeostasis. Mutations and dysregulation of EP300 give rise to severe human developmental disorders and malignancy. Danio rerio is a promising model organism to study EP300 related diseases and drugs; however, the effect of EP300 duplicates derived from teleost-specific whole genome duplication should not just be neglected. Results: In this study, we obtained EP300 protein sequences of representative teleosts, mammals and sauropsids, with which we inferred a highly supported maximum likelihood tree. We observed that EP300 duplicates (EP300a and EP300b) were wildly retained in teleosts and universally expressed in a variety of tissues. Consensus sequences of EP300a and EP300b had exactly the same distribution of conserved domains, suggesting that their functions should be still largely overlapped. We analyzed molecular evolution of EP300 duplicates in teleosts, using branch-site models, clade models and site models. The results showed that both duplicates were subject to strong positive selection; however, for an extant species, generally at most one copy was under positive selection. At clade level, there was evident positive correlation between evolutionary rates, number of positively selected sites and gene expression levels. In Ostariophysi, EP300a were under stronger positive selection than EP300b; in Neoteleostei, another species-rich teleost clade, the contrary was the case. We also modeled 3D structures of zf-TAZ domain and its flanking regions of EP300a and EP300b of D. rerio and Oryzias latipes and found that in either species the faster evolving copy had more short helixes. Conclusions: Collectively, the two copies of EP300 have undoubtedly experienced directional divergence in main teleost clades. The divergence of EP300 between teleosts and mammals should be greater than divergence between different teleost clades. Further studies are needed to clarify to what extent the EP300 involved regulation network has diverged between teleosts and mammals, which would also be helpful to explain the huge success of teleosts.
Acute acalculous cholecystitis on a COVID-19 patient: a case report
Authors: Mattone Edoardo , Sofia Maria , Schembari Elena , Palumbo Valentina , Bonaccorso Rosario , Randazzo Valentina , Greca Gaetano La , Iacobello Carmelo , Russello Domenico , Latteri Saverio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has spread to several countries around the world and has become an unprecedented pandemic. We report an extremely rare case of acute acalculous cholecystitis on a COVID-19 patient. In our knowledge, this is the first report of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed on a COVID-19 patient.
Case presentation:
a COVID-19 patient was diagnosed with acute acalculous cholecystitis and a multidisciplinary team decided to perform a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) as the first treatment. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not found in the bile fluid. Because of deterioration of the patient’s clinical conditions, laparoscopic cholecystectomy had to be performed and since the gallbladder was gangrenous, the severe inflammation made surgery difficult to perform.
Conclusions
acalculous cholecystitis was related with mechanical ventilation and prolonged total parenteral nutrition, in this case the gangrenous histopathology pattern and the gallbladder wall ischemia was probably caused by vascular insufficiency secondary to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome of COVID-19 pneumonia. The percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTBD) was performed according to Tokyo Guidelines because of high surgical risk. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was next performed due to no clinical improvement. The absence of viral RNA in the bile highlights that SARS-CoV-2 is not eliminated with the bile while it probably infects small intestinal enterocytes which is responsible of gastrointestinal symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Although the lack of evidence and guidelines about the management of patient with acute cholecystitis during COVID-19 pandemic, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, at most preceded by PTGBD on high surgical risk patients, remains the gold standard for the treatment of acute cholecystitis on COVID-19 patients.
Clinical-pathological features and treatment of acute appendicitis in the very elderly: an interim analysis of the FRAILESEL Italian Multicentre Prospective Study
Authors: Fransvea Pietro , Fico Valeria , Cozza Valerio , Costa Gianluca , Lepre Luca , Mercantini Paolo , Greca Antonio La , Sganga Gabriele 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
emergency abdominal surgery in the elderly represents a global issue. Diagnosis of AA in old patients is often more difficult. Appendectomy remains the gold standard of treatment and, even though it is performed almost exclusively with a minimally invasive technique, it can still represent a great risk for the elderly patient, especially above 80 years of age. A careful selection of elderly patients to be directed to surgery is therefore fundamental. The primary aim was to critically appraise and compare the clinical-pathological characteristics and the outcomes between oldest old (≥ 80 years) and elderly (65–79 years) patients with Acute Appendicitis (AA).
Methods
The FRAILESEL is a large, nationwide, multicenter, prospective study investigating the perioperative outcomes of patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent emergency abdominal surgery. Particular focus has been directed to the clinical and biochemical presentation as well as to the need for operative procedures, type of surgical approach, morbidity and mortality, and in-hospital length of stay. Two multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess perioperative risk factors for morbidity and mortality.
Results
182 patients fulfilled the inclusions criteria. Mean age, ileocecal resection, OAD and ASA score ≥ 3 were related with both overall and major complication. The multivariate analysis showed that MPI and complicated appendicitis were independently factors associated with overall complications. OAD and ASA score ≥ 3 were independently factors for both overall and major complications.
Conclusions
age ≥ 80 years is not an independent risk factor for morbidities. POCUS is safe and effective for the diagnosis; however, a CECT is often needed Having the oldest old a smaller functional organ reserve, an earlier intervention is needed, especially because they required greater rate of major resection.
Analysis of Taiwan’s English Curriculum and Teaching Materials from the Perspective of English as a Lingua Franca
Authors: Lin Shu-wen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This content analysis study explores the extent to which Taiwanese senior high school English curriculum and teaching materials reflect an English as a lingua franca (ELF) perspective. The background for this study is changes to Taiwanese education policy, the development of research into teaching ELF, and the vital role of curriculum and teaching materials in English language learning. Data collected for analysis include Taiwan’s 12-year curriculum guidelines for English education and the teaching materials written in line with the curriculum. These data were examined and discussed within an adapted Global Englishes Language Teaching framework, focusing on representations of targets and norms, goals and criteria, and orientation and ownership. This study shows that, despite the curricular rhetoric of recognition for variations of English, Taiwanese senior high school students are not sufficiently prepared for real-life intercultural communication or to take ownership of English. Alternatives supported by this study include (1) presenting students with diverse users and cultures of English, sources of input, and communication strategies, and (2) engaging students in experimenting with and reflecting on their language use and cultural encounters.
Variation in mitochondrial minichromosome composition among Hoplopleura lice (Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae) from rats
Authors: Fu Yi-Tian , Nie Yu , Duan De-Yong , Liu Guo-Hua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The family Hoplopleuridae contains at least 183 species of blood-sucking lice, which widely parasitize both mice and rats. Fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genomes have been reported in two rat lice (Hoplopleura kitti and H. akanezumi) from this family, but some minichromosomes were unidentified in their mt genomes.
Methods
We sequenced the mt genome of rat louse Hoplopleura sp. with an Illumina Hiseq platform and compared its mt genome organization with H. kitti and H. akanezumi.
Results
Fragmented mt genome of the rat louse Hoplopleura sp. contains 37 genes which are on 12 circular mt minichromosomes. Each mt minichromosome is 1.8–2.7 kb long, which contains 1–5 genes and one large non-coding region. The gene content and arrangement of three mt minichromosomes of Hoplopleura sp. and H. kitti are different from that of the three mt minichromosomes of H. akanezumi. Phylogenetic analyses based on the deduced amino acid sequences of the eight protein-coding genes showed that the Hoplopleura sp. was more closely related to H. akanezumi than to H. kitti, and then they form a monophyletic group.
Conclusions
Comparison among the three rat lice revealed variation in the composition of mt minichromosomes within the genus Hoplopleura. Hoplopleura sp. is the first species from the family Hoplopleuridae for which a complete fragmented mt genome has been sequenced. The new data provides useful genetic markers for studying the population genetics, molecular systematics and phylogenetics of blood-sucking lice.
Accelerating R&amp;D for emerging infectious diseases: lessons learnt from Ebola
Authors: Huang Yangmu , Li Chao , Chen Jingyi , Ma Jiyan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Both China and the U.S. developed high-quality vaccines for the Ebola outbreak. This study compared the R&D activities of Ebola products in two countries, as a way to present the influential factors of R&D for emerging infectious disease (EID) and to provide suggestions for timely and efficient response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods

R&D activities were analyzed in terms of research funding, scientific research outputs, R&D timeline, and governmental mechanisms. Quantitative analysis was performed using data retrieved from national websites, clinical trial registries and databases. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore perspectives of key informants involved in Ebola product development.
Results

The funding gap between China and the U.S. was significant before 2014 and narrowed after the Ebola outbreak. Both research teams started basic studies prior to the outbreak; however, the U.S. got FDA approval for clinical trials 5 months earlier than China. The underlying gap reveals the lack of participation and support by private sectors, stagnant transformation platform, and inadequate government incentives in China.
Conclusions

R&D pre-planning and resource deployment mechanisms are crucial for EID preparedness and response. Building private and public collaboration, and strengthening government support for clinical trials may accelerate the translation of basic research.
Antimicrobial therapy and assessing therapeutic response in culture-negative pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: a retrospective comparative study with culture-positive pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis
Authors: Yu Dongwoo , Kim Sang Woo , Jeon Ikchan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
There are still controversies over the treatment and outcomes in culture-negative pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (PVO). The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial therapy, assessment of therapeutic response, and outcome of culture-negative PVO compared to culture-positive PVO.
Methods
Retrospective study was performed with non-surgical lumbar PVO. The patients were divided into two groups based on the causative bacterial identification (CN group with culture-negative and CP group with culture-positive). The clinical features, use of antibiotics, laboratory data, and outcomes were compared between the two groups.
Results
Seventy-three patients with 41 (56.2%) of the CN group and 32 (43.8%) of the CP group were enrolled. Group CN showed a shorter duration of parenteral antibiotics (45.88 ± 16.14 vs. 57.31 ± 24.39, p = 0.019) although a tendency of prolonged duration of total (parenteral + oral) antibiotics (101.17 ± 52.84 vs. 84.19 ± 50.29 days, p = 0.168). When parenteral antibiotics were discontinued or switched to oral antibiotics, erythrocyte segmentation rate (ESR, normal range: < 20 mm/h), C-reactive protein (CRP, normal range: < 0.5 mg/dL), and visual analogue scale (VAS) score for back pain were 42.86 ± 24.05 mm/h, 0.91 ± 1.18 mg/dL, and 4.05 ± 1.07, respectively, with no significant differences between the two groups. The recurrence rates of CN and CP groups were 7.3% (3/41) and 6.3% (2/32), respectively (p = 1.000).
Conclusions
CN group required a shorter duration of parenteral antibiotics than CP group. Discontinuation of parenteral antibiotics or changing administration route can be considered based on the values of ESR, CRP, and VAS score for back pain.
Multiple-Dose Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Kang Bing-xin , Xu Hui , Gao Chen-xin , Zhong Sheng , Zhang Jing , Xie Jun , Sun Song-tao , Ma Ying-hui , Xu Xi-rui , Zhao Chi , Zhai Wei-tao , Xiao Lian-bo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: To identify the efficacy and safety of multiple doses of intravenous tranexamic acid (IV-TXA) on perioperative blood loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who underwent primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods: In this single-center, single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, ten male and 87 female participants aged 50–75 years, with RA who underwent unilateral primary TKA were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive a single dose of IV-TXA (1 g) for 3 h (group A) or three doses of IV-TXA (1 g) for 3, 6, and 12 h (group B) postoperatively. Primary outcomes were total red blood cell loss (TBL), hidden red blood loss (HBL) and maximum hemoglobin (Hb) drop. Secondary outcomes were transfusion rate and levels of D-dimer. All parameters were measured post-operatively during inpatient hospital stay.Results: Between September 2019 and May 2020, 104 participants were randomized. 7 were lost follow-up. Mean TBL, HBL, and maximum Hb drop in group B (506.1 ± 227.0 mL, 471.6 ± 224.0 mL, and 17.5 ± 7.7 g/L, respectively) were significantly lower than those in groups A (608.8 ± 244.8 mL, P = 0.035; 574.0 ± 242.3 mL, P = 0.033; and 23.42 ± 9.2 g/L, P = 0.001, respectively). No episode of transfusion occurred. D-dimer level was lower in group B than in group A on post-operative day 1 (P < 0.001), and the incidence of thromboembolic events was similar between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Three doses of post-operative IV-TXA could further reduced blood loss, maximum Hb drop, and diminished the postoperative fibrinolytic responses without increasing the risk of complications.Trial registration: The trial was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900025013).Name of the registry: Clinical observation of multiple dose use of tranexamic acid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis after total knee arthroplasty. Prospective registration, ChiCTR1900025013. Registered 7 August 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=41375
IFI27 May Predict and Evaluate the Severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Preterm Infants
Authors: Gao Junyan , Zhu Xueping , Wu Mingfu , Jiang Lijun , Wang Fudong , He Shan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Preterm infants are a special population that vulnerable to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and the lower respiratory tract infection (LRTIs) caused by RSV could be severe and even life-threating. The purpose of the present study was to identify candidate genes of preterm infants who are susceptible to RSV infection and provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of RSV infection. Methods: Three datasets (GSE77087, GSE69606 and GSE41374) containing 183 blood samples of RSV infected patients and 33 blood samples of healthy controls from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were downloaded and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out. The function and pathway enrichments were analyzed through Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) website. The protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network for DEGs was constructed through Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING). The module analysis was performed by Cytoscape software and hub genes were identified. Clinical verification was employed to verify the expression level of top five hub genes among 72 infants including 50 RSV infected patients and 22 non-RSV-infected patients hospitalized in our center. Further, the RSV infected infants with high-expression IFI27 and those with low-expression IFI27 were compared (defined as higher or lower than the median mRNA level). Finally, the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) focusing on IFI27 was carried out. Results: Totally, 4028 DEGs were screened out and among which, 131 most significant DEGs were selected. Subsequently, 13 hub genes were identified and function and pathway enrichments of hub genes mainly were: response to virus, defense response to virus, regulation of viral genome replication and regulation of viral life cycle. Furthermore, IFI27 was confirmed to be the most significantly expressed in clinical verification. Gene sets associated with calcium signaling pathway, arachidonic acid metabolism, extracellular matrix receptor interaction and so on were significantly enriched when IFI27 was highly expressed. Moreover, high-expression IFI27 was associated with more severe cases (p=0.041), more requirements of mechanical ventilation (p=0.034), more frequent hospitalization (p<0.001) and longer cumulative hospital stay (p=0.012). Conclusion: IFI27 might serve to predict RSV infection and evaluate the severity of RSV infection in preterm infants.