bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mass–Size Relation and the Constancy of GMC Surface Densities in the Milky Way
Authors: Lada Charles J. , Dame T. M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We use two existing molecular cloud catalogs derived from the same CO survey and two catalogs derived from local dust extinction surveys to investigate the nature of the giant molecular cloud (GMC) mass–size relation in the Galaxy. We find that the four surveys are well described by M
GMC ∼ R
2, implying a constant mean surface density,

, for the cataloged clouds. However, the scaling coefficients and scatter differ significantly between the CO- and extinction-derived relations. We find that the additional scatter seen in the CO relations is due to a systematic variation in

with Galactic radius that is unobservable in the local extinction data. We decompose this radial variation of

into two components, a linear negative gradient with Galactic radius and a broad peak coincident with the molecular ring and superposed on the linear gradient. We show that the former may be due to a radial dependence of X
CO on metallicity, while the latter likely results from a combination of increased surface densities of individual GMCs and a systematic upward bias in the measurements of

due to cloud blending in the molecular ring. We attribute the difference in scaling coefficients between the CO and extinction data to an underestimate of X
CO. We recalibrate the CO observations of nearby GMCs using extinction measurements to find that locally X
CO = 3.6 ± 0.3 × 1020 cm−2 (K km s−1)−1. We conclude that outside the molecular ring, the GMC population of the Galaxy can be described to relatively good precision by a constant

of 35

pc−2.
Écrire chez Leïla Marouane : une réappropriation littéraire de l’Histoire
Authors: Ayadi Hanna 
Published: July 2020

Le témoignage littéraire, participe de la volonté de l’écrivain de se réapproprier l’Histoire pour en partager l’expérience avec le lecteur. Cette réappropriation trouve ses racines dans un mécanisme de résilience, qui induit une participation intime de l’auteur, ce qui met en lumière la dimension cathartique du témoignage littéraire. Entre réalité et fiction, témoignage fictionnel et littérature testimoniale, les possibilités littéraires s’avèrent protéiformes. Comment Leïla Marouane compose-t-elle avec l’horizon d’attente du lecteur en ces années de guerre civile algérienne ? Comment passer du « je » qui a vécu à « l’autre » qui lit et qui reçoit ? La langue sera pensée ici comme le socle d’une identité culturelle à construire ou reconstruire, d’où la réflexion que nous mènerons sur les notions de métissage, subjectivité et réflexivité de la langue chez Leïla Marouane. Seront aussi abordés le concept de pseudonymie chez Leïla Marouane et la notion « d’étranger », à travers le prisme de la littérature d’exil.
La représentation sociale que les adolescents se font des aînés peut-elle influencer le développement de la pensée critique dialogique ? Étude d’une « scène » racontée par des adolescents marocains
Authors: Molina Vanessa , Daniel Marie-France , Belguiti Karima 
Published: July 2020

Cet article se base sur des résultats d’enquête récents montrant que, chez des adolescents marocains âgés de dix à dix-huit ans, les manifestations de pensée critique dialogique se situent majoritairement dans une « perspective épistémologique » appelée « relativisme » par un modèle développemental élaboré dans les quinze dernières années avec la méthode de la théorie ancrée. Pour comprendre ces résultats de recherche, qui contrastent avec ceux obtenus auprès d’adolescents québécois et français appartenant aux mêmes groupes d’âge, nous décrivons, dans un premier temps, le modèle développemental dans lequel ils prennent sens. Nous illustrons ensuite les manifestations de « perspective épistémologique relativiste » chez les adolescents marocains à l’aide d’extraits de verbatim. Les élèves ont tendance à se décentrer de leur vécu personnel, à se représenter le point de vue d’autrui en général et à co-construire des points de vue convergents avec les pairs. Dans un deuxième temps, prenant appui sur une approche de la représentation sociale en tant que « scène », et sur la littérature touchant aux rôles des aînés dans les sociétés africaines, nous éclairons ces résultats de recherche par l’analyse d’une représentation sociale fréquemment mobilisée par les jeunes Marocains interviewés : celle de la hiérarchie des âges et du devoir d’écoute envers les plus âgés. L’analyse de cette « scène » met en lumière des attitudes sociales inculquées aux adolescents en contexte culturel marocain, susceptibles de favoriser le développement d’une « perspective épistémologique relativiste » en matière de pensée critique dialogique.
Les compétences transversales, une nouvelle « clé » pour l’insertion ? Enjeux et effets pour les acteurs
Authors: Bros Frédérique , Vermelle Marie-Christine , Boancă Ioana 
Published: July 2020

Rendre compte de la manière dont les acteurs, professionnels et jeunes adultes en parcours d’insertion, se saisissent et donnent sens à la notion de compétence transversale constitue l’objet de cette contribution. Après avoir situé le propos, en présentant la recherche (Ludo Ergo Sum) et son objet d’étude : le dispositif sociotechnique et vidéo-ludique (Skillpass), expérimenté en région Hauts-de-France au sein de différents dispositifs d’insertion socioprofessionnelle, les auteures développent les principales incidences repérées des usages de ce dispositif sur : les pratiques d’accompagnement mises en œuvre, les représentations des intervenants et les usages pédagogiques et professionnels qu’ils font de cette notion. Elles se centrent ensuite sur le regard porté sur la compétence transversale par les jeunes adultes faiblement qualifiés / scolarisés auxquels s’adresse le dispositif considéré : quel sens attribuent-ils au travail réalisé ? Quels apports en dégagent-ils en termes de réflexivité et dans l’optique de leur insertion ? S’appuyant sur les données d’enquête, cet article vise à caractériser la manière dont les acteurs se saisissent, résistent ou s’accommodent du « passage obligé » par la compétence transversale comme condition d’accès à l’emploi.
Attributions causales des étudiants en matière de réussite à l’université
Authors: Massart Xavier , Romainville Marc 
Published: July 2020

Depuis que l’enseignement supérieur a développé de nombreux dispositifs de promotion de la réussite au bénéfice des étudiants de première année, on déplore souvent que ces dispositifs soient sous-utilisés et que ce sont les étudiants « qui en auraient le moins besoin » qui y participeraient le plus. C’est notamment le cas du dispositif, étudié dans cet article, d’évaluation formative et précoce permettant aux étudiants d’identifier leurs lacunes en termes de prérequis et d’y remédier. Bien qu’une corrélation non négligeable entre la maîtrise de ces prérequis et la réussite en fin d’année ait été établie, trop peu d’étudiants, aux yeux des enseignants, décident de participer aux activités de renforcement des prérequis qui suivent la passation des tests. Il est dès lors essentiel de mieux comprendre les mécanismes qui incitent les étudiants à profiter ou non de ces dispositifs. Le présent article analyse cette question au regard de la théorie des attributions causales : quelle place les étudiants accordent-ils aux prérequis dans leur explication spontanée de la réussite ? Quels sont les facteurs (niveau de maîtrise réelle des prérequis, genre…) qui sont liés à ces attributions ? L’article se termine par quelques pistes pédagogiques que les résultats permettent d’envisager.
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Receptor Subclass–Specific Immune Regulation of CD8+ T Cells by Opioids
Authors: Mazahery Claire , Valadkhan Saba , Levine Alan D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Opioid peptides are released at sites of injury, and their cognate G protein–coupled opioid receptors (OR) are expressed on immune cells. Exposure of human circulating CD8+ T cells to selective OR agonists differentially regulates thousands of genes. Gene set enrichment analysis reveals that μ-OR more strongly regulates cellular processes than δ-OR. In TCR naive T cells, triggering μ-OR exhibits stimulatory and inhibitory patterns, yet when administered prior to TCR cross-linking, a μ-OR agonist inhibits activation. μ-OR, but not δ-OR, signaling is linked to upregulation of lipid, cholesterol, and steroid hormone biosynthesis, suggesting lipid regulation is a mechanism for immune suppression. Lipid rafts are cholesterol-rich, liquid-ordered membrane domains that function as a nexus for the initiation of signal transduction from surface receptors, including TCR and μ-OR. We therefore propose that μ-OR–specific inhibition of TCR responses in human CD8+ T cells may be mediated through alterations in lipid metabolism and membrane structure.
Functional Health Literacy and Self-Care Behaviors Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients at a University Teaching Hospital in Kigali
Authors: Mukanoheli Vestine , Uwamahoro Marie Claire , Mbarushimana Valens , Meharry Pamela 
Published: July 2020

Background
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a significant health burden in high-income countries and emerging in sub-Sahara African countries, including Rwanda. Prevention and treatment of T2DM are imperative and need to focus on functional health literacy and self-care practices among people with diabetes.
Objective
To determine if functional health literacy is associated with self-care behaviors among T2DM patients.
Method
This study was a descriptive cross-sectional design conducted at a University Teaching Hospital in Kigali. The sample comprised of 223 T2DM patients recruited from the university outpatient department. The questionnaire was developed from two studies. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.
Results
Results indicated a low-level of functional health literacy, with a wide range of scores from 6.5% to 93.5%, and a mean of 51.66 (SD 15.77).The majority of 123 (55.3%) had inadequate functional health literacy and self-care behaviors. There was a strong association between functional health literacy and self-care behaviors (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The level of functional health literacy among T2DM patients needs to be increased and patients should be highly encouraged to adhere to self-care behaviors. Future research could involve an interventional study to discover the best method to educate T2DM patients.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; functional health literacy; self-care behaviors; patients T2DM; sub-Saharan Africa
Predicting secondary organic aerosol phase state and viscosity and its effect on multiphase chemistry in a regional-scale air quality model
Authors: Schmedding Ryan , Rasool Quazi Z. , Zhang Yue , Pye Havala O. T. , Zhang Haofei , Chen Yuzhi , Surratt Jason D. , Lopez-Hilfiker Felipe D. , Thornton Joel A. , Goldstein Allen H. , Vizuete William 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols are a significant public health hazard and have
substantial impacts on the climate. Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) have
been shown to phase separate into a highly viscous organic outer layer
surrounding an aqueous core. This phase separation can decrease the
partitioning of semi-volatile and low-volatile species to the organic phase
and alter the extent of acid-catalyzed reactions in the aqueous core. A new
algorithm that can determine SOA phase separation based on their glass
transition temperature (Tg), oxygen to carbon (O:C) ratio and organic mass
to sulfate ratio, and meteorological conditions was implemented into the
Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling (CMAQ) system version 5.2.1 and
was used to simulate the conditions in the continental United States for the
summer of 2013. SOA formed at the ground/surface level was predicted to be
phase separated with core–shell morphology, i.e., aqueous inorganic core
surrounded by organic coating 65.4 % of the time during the 2013 Southern
Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) on average in the isoprene-rich southeastern
United States. Our estimate is in proximity to the previously reported
∼70 % in literature. The phase states of organic coatings
switched between semi-solid and liquid states, depending on the
environmental conditions. The semi-solid shell occurring with lower aerosol
liquid water content (western United States and at higher altitudes) has a
viscosity that was predicted to be 102–1012 Pa s, which
resulted in organic mass being decreased due to diffusion limitation.
Organic aerosol was primarily liquid where aerosol liquid water was dominant
(eastern United States and at the surface), with a viscosity <102 Pa s.
Phase separation while in a liquid phase state, i.e.,
liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), also reduces reactive uptake rates
relative to homogeneous internally mixed liquid morphology but was lower
than aerosols with a thick viscous organic shell. The sensitivity cases
performed with different phase-separation parameterization and dissolution
rate of isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) into the particle phase in CMAQ can have
varying impact on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) organic mass, in
terms of bias and error compared to field data collected during the 2013 SOAS.
This highlights the need to better constrain the parameters that
govern phase state and morphology of SOA, as well as expand mechanistic
representation of multiphase chemistry for non-IEPOX SOA formation in models
aided by novel experimental insights.
A Positive State Obligation to Counter Dehumanisation under International Human Rights Law
Authors: Berry Stephanie Eleanor 
Published: July 2020

A Positive State Obligation to Counter Dehumanisation under International Human Rights Law
International human rights law (IHRL) was established in the aftermath of the Second World War to prevent a reoccurrence of the atrocities committed in the name of fascism. Central to this aim was the recognition that out-groups are particularly vulnerable to rights violations committed by the in-group. Yet, it is increasingly apparent that out-groups are still subject to a wide range of rights violations, including those associated with mass atrocities. These rights violations are facilitated by the dehumanisation of the out-group by the in-group. Consequently, this article argues that the creation of IHRL treaties and corresponding monitoring mechanisms should be viewed as the first step towards protecting out-groups from human rights violations. By adopting the lens of dehumanisation, this article demonstrates that if IHRL is to achieve its purpose, IHRL monitoring mechanisms must recognise the connection between dehumanisation and rights violations and develop a positive State obligation to counter dehumanisation. The four treaties explored in this article, the European Convention on Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the International Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination, all establish positive State obligations to prevent hate speech and to foster tolerant societies. These obligations should, in theory, allow IHRL monitoring mechanisms to address dehumanisation. However, their interpretation of the positive State obligation to foster tolerant societies does not go far enough to counter unconscious dehumanisation and requires more detailed elaboration.
Propuesta de una estructura tridimensional para el diseño del Practicum de Psicopedagogía
Authors: Cubo Sixto , Montanero Manuel 
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEl plan de estudios de la Titulación de Psicopedagogía contempla el Practicum como una materia de extraordinaria importancia. Tiene como objetivo fundamental desarrollar espacios empíricos en los que el alumnado pueda adquirir y desarrollar habilidades y competencias relacionadas con la intervención psicopedagógica. Presentamos en este artículo una propuesta de estructura tridimensional para el Practicum de Psicopedagogía basada en tres ejes vertebradores de la actividad del alumno: el contexto de desarrollo de la actividad práctica (educativo-institucional, sociocomunitario y organizacional), las áreas temáticas (procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, orientación y prevención y desarrollo) y las modalidades metodológicas para su diseño y desarrollo (valoración de programas, investigación-acción e investigación experimental, cuasiexperimental u observacional). Presentamos también, finalmente, algunas ideas relacionadas con el proceso de toma de decisiones del alumno en cuanto a cuál debe ser su Practicum, y un anexo que recoge algunas sugerencias relacionadas con los contenidos temáticos del Practicum de Psicopedagogía.ABSTRACTThe syllabus of the degree of Psychopedagogy has the Practicum as a subject of great importance. It has as a main objective the development of empirical spaces where the students can acquire and develop skills and competences related to the psychopedagogical intervention. We present in this article a ideas of the student´s activity: the context of development of the practical activity (educational-institutional, sociocommunitary and organizational), the thematic areas (teaching-learning processes, guidance and prevention and development) and the methodological modalities for its design and development (programme evaluation, research-action and experimental research, quasiexperimental and observational). Finally,we also present some ideas related to the process of making decisions by the student regarding his/her Practicum, and an annex that gathers some suggestions related to the thematic contents of the Practicum of Psychopedagogy.
Qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica: estudo transversal
Authors: Silva Thales Philipe Rodrigues da , Porto Ana Cláudia , Mendes Larissa L , Gomes Flávia SL , Araujo Lauro PF de , Matozinhos Fernanda Penido 
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Analizar los factores que influyeron en la calidad de vida (CV) de los pacientes después de la cirugía bariátrica. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en el que participaron 307 pacientes adultos con cirugía bariátrica entre 2012 y 2014. Se han obtenido los datos de los registros electrónicos de los pacientes y de sus entrevistas telefónicas. Después se construyó un modelo de regresión lineal simple, ajustado por variables sociodemográficas, con p <0.05. Para evaluar la CV, se utilizó la Calidad de Vida Breve de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (WHOQOL-bref). Resultados: Los dominios con las peores puntuaciones fueron el físico (media = 58,45; SD ± 10,42) y ambiental (media = 65,19; SD ± 11,36). Los mejores dominios fueron el social (media = 76.51; SD ± 15.71) y psicológico (media = 68.70; SD ± 15.71). En el modelo de regresión lineal, se observó que el tiempo desde la cirugía se asoció inversamente con el dominio de la salud física. Por cada mes posterior a la cirugía bariátrica, el puntaje promedio del paciente se redujo en 2.66 puntos, ajustado por sexo y edad. Conclusión: El tiempo transcurrido desde la cirugía puede ser un determinante importante de la puntuación del dominio físico de la calidad de vida. Identificar la calidad de vida después de la cirugía bariátrica y los factores influyentes es fundamental para preparar a estos pacientes para los cambios derivados de la pérdida de peso.
Purpose: Analyze factors that influenced the quality of life (QoL) of patients after bariatric surgery. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, involving 307 adult bariatric surgery patients between 2012 and 2014. Data was obtained from the electronic patient records and telephone interviews. To assess the QoL, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL-bref) was used. A simple linear regression model was constructed, adjusted by sociodemographic variables, with p<0.05. Results: The domains with the worst scores were the physical (mean=58.45; SD±10.42) and environmental (mean=65.19; SD±11.36). The best domains were the social (mean=76.51; SD±15.71) and psychological (mean=68.70; SD±15.71). In the linear regression model, it was observed that time since the surgery was inversely associated with the physical health domain. For each month post-bariatric surgery, the patient’s average score dropped by 2.66 points, adjusted by sex and age. Conclusions: Time since the surgery could be an important determinant of the physical domain score of quality of life. Identifying the quality of life after bariatric surgery and influential factors is fundamental to prepare these patients for the changes deriving from the weight loss.
Adicción a la comida y estado nutricional en adolescentes de una preparatoria pública en México
Authors: Guevara Valtier Milton Carlos , Ruíz-González Karla Judith , Pacheco-Pérez Luis Arturo , Santos Flores Jesús Melchor , González de la Cruz Patricia , Sánchez García Ana Belén 
Published: July 2020

Objetivos: Conocer la prevalencia de la adicción a la comida de acuerdo a la edad, sexo e índice de masa corporal, y determinar la asociación entre la adicción a la comida y el estado nutricional en adolescentes del norte de México. Método: Estudio descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal, realizado durante agosto y septiembre de 2018. La población se conformó por 630 adolescentes estudiantes de 15 a 17 años de edad, de una preparatoria pública en Nuevo León, México, a los que se les realizaron mediciones antropométricas y se empleó el cuestionario Yale Food Addiction Scale. Resultados: Una muestra de 245 adolescentes, predominando el sexo femenino (53,1%), con una edad media de 15,83 años, la media de índice de masa corporal fue de 23,18 kg/mt2 (S = 3,74) en hombres y 24,57 kg/mt2 (S = 4,00) en mujeres. El 87,8% de los adolescentes presentó positivo el criterio “deseo frustrado de parar el consumo”, el 36,3% la tolerancia, y el 34,3% el consumo a pesar de las consecuencias. El 20,7% de los adolescentes con sobrepeso presentan adicción a la comida. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los adolescentes presentan peso normal, las mujeres presentaron un índice de masa corporal mayor que el de los hombres, menos de la mitad de los participantes presenta adicción a la comida predominando los criterios positivos en mujeres, adolescentes en condición de sobrepeso, obesidad y de mayor edad. No se encontró asociación entre adicción a la comida y estado nutricional.
Objective: To know the prevalence of food addiction according to age, sex, and body mass index and to determine the association between food addiction and nutritional status in adolescents from northern México. Method: Cross-sectional study with a descriptive and correlational design, carried out during August and September 2018; the study population was comprised by 630 adolescents, students, ranging from 15 to 17 years of age, from a public high school in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Anthropometric measurements were taken and the Yale Food Addiction Scale questionnaire was used. Results: A sample of 245 adolescents predominantly female (53.1%), with a mean age of 15.83 years; mean body mass index was 23.18 kg/mt2 (S = 3.74) in males and 24.57 kg/mt2 (S = 4.00) in females; 87.8% of adolescents showed positive to the frustrated desire to stop consumption criterion, 36.3% tolerance, and 34.3% consumption despite the consequences; 20.7% of overweight adolescents showed food addiction. Conclusions: The majority of adolescents showed normal weight, while women showed a body mass index (BMI) higher than men; less than half of the participants had food addiction; positive criteria prevailed in women, and adolescents with overweight and obesity, and older. No association was found between food addiction and nutritional status.