bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DAF-18/PTEN inhibits germline zygotic gene activation during primordial germ cell quiescence
Authors: Fry Amanda L. , Webster Amy , Chitrakar Rojin , Baugh L. Ryan , Hubbard E. Jane Albert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQuiescence, an actively-maintained reversible state of cell cycle arrest, is not well understood. PTEN is one of the most frequently lost tumor suppressors in human cancers and regulates quiescence of stem cells and cancer cells. InC. elegansmutant fordaf-18, the soleC. elegansPTEN ortholog, primordial germ cells (PGCs) divide inappropriately in starvation conditions, in a TOR-dependent manner. Here, we further investigated the role ofdaf-18in maintaining PGC quiescence. We found that maternal or zygoticdaf-18is sufficient to maintain cell cycle quiescence, thatdaf-18acts in the germ line and soma, and thatdaf-18affects timing of PGC divisions in fed animals. Importantly, our results also implicatedaf-18in zygotic germline gene activation, though not in germline fate specification. However, TOR is less important to zygotic germline gene expression, suggesting that in the absence of fooddaf-18/PTEN prevents inappropriate germline zygotic gene activation and cell division by distinct mechanisms.
IL-1R1 dependent signals improve clearance of cytosolic virulent mycobacteriain vivo
Authors: van der Niet Sanne , van Zon Maaike , de Punder Karin , Grootemaat Anita , Rutten Sofie , Moorlag Simone J.C.F.M. , Houben Diane , van der Sar Astrid , Bitter Wilbert , Brosch Roland , Pando Rogelio Hernandez , Pena Maria T. , Peters Peter J. , Reits Eric A. , Mayer-Barber Katrin D. , van der Wel Nicole N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosisinfections claim more than a million lives each year and better treatments or vaccines are required. A crucial pathogenicity factor is translocation from the phago-lysosomes to the cytosol upon phagocytosis by macrophages. The translocation from the phago-lysosome into the cytosol is an ESX-1 dependent process as previously shownin vitro. Here we show thatin vivo, mycobacteria also translocate to the cytosol but mainly when host immunity is compromised. We observed only low numbers of cytosolic bacilli in mice, armadillo, zebrafish and patient material infected withM. tuberculosis, M. marinumorM. leprae. In contrast, when innate or adaptive immunity was compromised, as in SCID or IL-1R1 deficient mice, a significant number of cytosolicM. tuberculosisbacilli were detected in lungs of infected mice. Taken together,M. tuberculosisinfection is controlled by adaptive immune responses as well as IL-1R1-mediated signals that result in clearance of cells containing cytosolic mycobacteriain vivo.ImportanceFor decades,Mycobacterium tuberculosisis one of the deathliest pathogens known. Despite infecting approximately one third of the human population, no effective treatment or vaccine is available. A crucial pathogenicity factor is the subcellular localization, asM. tuberculosiscan translocate from the phago-lysosome to the cytosol in macrophages. The situationin vivois more complicated. In this study we establish that high level cytosolic escape of mycobacteria can indeed occurin vivo, but mainly when host resistance is compromised. The IL-1 pathway is crucial for the control of the number of cytosolic mycobacteria. The establishment that immune signals result in clearance of cells containing cytosolic mycobacteria, connects two important fields: cell-biology and immunology which is vital for the understanding of the pathology ofM. tuberculosis.
Characterization of a late blight resistance gene homologous toR2in potato variety Payette Russet
Authors: Karki Hari S. , Halterman Dennis A. , Endelman Jeffrey B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBreeding for late blight resistance has traditionally relied on phenotypic selection, but as the number of characterized resistance (R) genes has grown, so have the possibilities for genotypic selection. One challenge for breeding russet varieties is the lack of information about the genetic basis of resistance in this germplasm group. Based on observations of strong resistance by ‘Payette Russet’ to genotype US-23 of the late blight pathogenPhytophthora infestansin inoculated experiments, we deduced the variety must contain at least one major R gene. To identify the gene(s), 79 F1 progeny were screened using a detached leaf assay and classified as resistant vs. susceptible. Linkage mapping using markers from the potato SNP array revealed a single resistant haplotype on the short arm of chromosome group 4, which coincides with theR2/Rpi-abpt/Rpi-blb3locus. PCR amplification and sequencing of the gene in Payette revealed it is homologous toR2, and transient expression experiments inNicotiana benthamianaconfirmed its recognition of theAvr2effector. Sequencing of a small diversity panel revealed a SNP unique to resistant haplotypes at theR2locus, which was converted to a KASP marker that showed perfect prediction accuracy in the F1 population and diversity panel. Although many genotypes ofP. infestansare virulent againstR2, even when defeated this gene may be valuable as one component of a multi-genic approach to quantitative resistance.
Tissue topography steers migrating Drosophila border cells
Authors: Dai Wei , Guo Xiaoran , Cao Yuansheng , Mondo James A. , Campanale Joseph P. , Montell Brandon J. , Burrous Haley , Streichan Sebastian , Gov Nir , Rappel Wouter Jan , Montell Denise J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMoving cells can sense and respond to physical features of the microenvironment, howeverin vivothe significance of tissue topography is mostly unknown. Here we use the Drosophila border cells, an established model forin vivocell migration, to study how chemical and physical information influence migration path selection. Live imaging, genetics, modeling, and simulations show that, although chemical cues were thought to be sufficient, microtopography is also important. Chemoattractants promote predominantly posterior movement, whereas tissue architecture presents orthogonal information, a path of least resistance concentrated near the center of the egg chamber. E-cadherin supplies a permissive haptotactic cue. Our results provide insight into how cells integrate and prioritize topographical, adhesive, and chemoattractant cues to choose one path amongst many.
Emergence of synchronized multicellular mechanosensing from spatiotemporal integration of heterogeneous single-cell information transfer
Authors: Zamir Amos , Li Guanyu , Chase Katelyn , Moskovitch Robert , Sun Bo , Zaritsky Assaf 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe quantitatively characterize how noisy and heterogeneous behaviors of individual cells are integrated across a population toward multicellular synchronization by studying the calcium dynamics in mechanically stimulated monolayers of endothelial cells. We used information-theory to quantify the asymmetric information-transfer between pairs of cells and define quantitative measures of how single cells receive or transmit information in the multicellular network. We find that cells take different roles in intercellular information-transfer and that this heterogeneity is associated with synchronization. Cells tended to maintain their roles between consecutive cycles of mechanical stimuli and reinforced them over time, suggesting the existence of a cellular “memory” in intercellular information transfer. Interestingly, we identified a subpopulation of cells characterized by higher probability of both receiving and transmitting information. These “communication hub” roles were stable - once a cell switched to a “communication hub” role it was less probable to switch to other roles. This stableness property of the cells led to gradual enrichment of communication hubs that was associated with the establishment of synchronization. Our analysis demonstrated that multicellular synchronization was established by effective information spread from the (local) single cell to the (global) group scale in the multicellular network. Altogether, we suggest that multicellular synchronization is driven by single cell communication properties, including heterogeneity, functional memory and information flow.
Microfinance and domestic violence
Authors: Aktaruzzaman Khondker , Farooq Omar 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to document the impact of participation in microfinance programs on domestic violence against women.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses the survey data from 69 villages in Bangladesh and the instrumental variable approach to estimate the effect of participation in microcredit programs on domestic violence.

Findings
The results show that women’s participation in microcredit programs does not reduce domestic violence. However, this result is possible only when the authors do not distinguish between female borrowers who have control over credit and those who do not have control over credit. Classifying female borrowers into these two categories can significantly change the results. The authors report significantly lower physical violence against those female who have control over credit. In case of psychological violence, the authors report no significant impact of control over microcredit.

Originality/value
The novelty of the paper lies in distinguishing between physical and psychological violence.
Dosimetric evaluation of methyl red radiochromic film for radiation processing
Authors: AL Zahrany Awad , Rabaeh Khalid , Eyadeh Molham , Basfar Ahmed 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a radiochromic film dosimeter containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix and various concentrations of methyl red (MR) dye for high dose measurements.

Design/methodology/approach
The MR-PVA films were exposed to irradiation up to 60 kGy using 60Co source of gamma ray. The ultraviolet and visible regions (UV/VIS) spectrophotometry were used to examine the optical density of pre-and post-irradiated dosimeters at 424 nm.

Findings
The dose sensitivity of MR-PVA films increases significantly with increasing MR dye concentrations in the dose range of 5 to 60 kGy. The impact of relative humidity, irradiation temperature, dose rate and the stability of the films has been analyzed. The overall uncertainty of the MR-PVA film dosimeter is 6.12% (Double Standard-deviation, 95% confidence level).

Practical implications
It was found that the MR-PVA films may be used as high dose dosimeter with an acceptable overall uncertainty in routine industrial radiation processing.

Originality/value
The color bleaching of irradiated MR-PVA films in terms of specific absorbance curves increases significantly with increasing absorbed dose up to 60 kGy.
Artificial agri‐environment scheme ponds do not replicate natural environments despite higher aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate richness and abundance
Authors: Reyne Marina , Nolan Myles , McGuiggan Henry , Aubry Aurélie , Emmerson Mark , Marnell Ferdia , Reid Neil 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Farmland ponds are a highly threatened freshwater habitat which has undergone dramatic losses during the last 200 years due to land drainage schemes and agricultural intensification. Agri‐environment schemes (AES) incentivize farmers to adopt farming methods to benefit biodiversity, yet there are a paucity of data evaluating the success of artificially created AES ponds as analogues of natural ponds in an attempt to recreate lost environments.

We examined variation in environmental parameters and aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate communities between 38 natural ponds and 91 artificial ponds that were created in south‐west Ireland (n = 129).

Artificial ponds in agricultural grassland did not replicate natural ponds in adjacent semi‐natural habitats differing significantly in size, pH, conductivity, productivity (indicated by submerged and emergent plant cover including algae) and surrounding vegetation structure that is, sward height. These differences significantly influenced aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate community structure with a suite of indicator taxa in both natural and artificial ponds.

The conservation value of artificial ponds in agricultural grasslands should not be underestimated as they had 43% higher aquatic species richness and 33% higher aquatic species abundance than natural ponds in adjacent semi‐natural habitats.

Synthesis and applications. We demonstrate that artificial agri‐environment scheme ponds created in agricultural grasslands, whilst not direct analogues of natural ponds in adjacent semi‐natural habitats, do fulfil a role in preserving high local biodiversity albeit representing a different community of species. Creation of ponds in farmland as well as in adjacent natural habitats could provide a wider range of environmental conditions and richer associated macroinvertebrate communities, increasing landscape connectivity and further enhancing regional biodiversity.
Azaphilones biosynthesis complements the defence mechanism of Trichoderma guizhouense against oxidative stress
Authors: Pang Guan , Sun Tingting , Yu Zhenzhong , Yuan Tao , Liu Wei , Zhu Hong , Gao Qi , Yang Dongqing , Kubicek Christian P. , Zhang Jian , Shen Qirong 
Published: September 2020

SummaryFilamentous fungi are known as producers of a large array of diverse secondary metabolites (SMs) that aid in securing their environmental niche. Here, we demonstrated that the SMs have an additional role in fungal defence against other fungi: Trichoderma guizhouense, a mycoparasite, is able to antagonize Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (Foc4) by forming aerial hyphae that kill the host with hydrogen peroxide. At the same time, a gene cluster comprising two polyketide synthases is strongly expressed. Using functional genetics, we characterized this cluster and identified its products as azaphilones (termed as trigazaphilones). The trigazaphilones were found lacking of antifungal toxicity but exhibited high radical scavenging activities. The antioxidant property of trigazaphilones was in vivo functional under various tested conditions of oxidative stress. Thus, we conclude that the biosynthesis of trigazaphilones serves as a complementary antioxidant mechanism and defends T. guizhouense against the hydrogen peroxide that it produces to combat other fungi like Foc4.
‘We're responsible for the diagnosis and for finding help’. The help‐seeking trajectories of families of children on the autism spectrum
Authors: Courcy Isabelle , des Rivières‐Pigeon Catherine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on parents' process of seeking help for their child when a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is made or suspected. The study was conducted with 18 parents of children aged 4–10 years in Quebec (Canada). A trajectory‐network approach was applied in order to carry out an in‐depth analysis of family help‐seeking trajectories based on the relationships mobilised (or neglected) over time and on life course events that may have precipitated (or hindered) help‐seeking actions. Semi‐directed interviews based on a name generator were conducted. A qualitative analysis of the content of family narratives was done and followed by the production of a schematic representation of each families' help‐seeking trajectory. The results identified four constitutive phases during which relationships within the family, within associations, or with health and social services or education professionals helped or hindered the help‐seeking process. The results show the relevance of the proposed approach for analysing the help‐seeking process and better supporting families of children on the autism spectrum.
Predictors of single word spelling in English speaking children: a cross sectional study
Authors: Niolaki Georgia Z. , Vousden Janet , Terzopoulos Aris R. , Taylor Laura M. , Sephton Shani , Masterson Jackie 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe study aimed to explore to what extent variables associated with lexical and sublexical spelling processes predicted single word spelling ability and whether patterns of lexical and sublexical processes were different across ages.MethodsBeginning (mean age 7 years, N = 144) and advanced (mean age 9 years, N = 114) English‐speaking spellers completed tasks associated with sublexical processing (phonological ability and phonological short‐term memory), lexical processing (visual short‐term memory and visual attention span) and factors known to predict spelling (e.g., rapid automatised naming).ResultsPhonological ability, rapid automatised naming, visual short‐term memory and visual attention span were significant predictors of spelling accuracy for beginning spellers, while for more advanced spellers, only visual attention span was a significant predictor.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that for beginning spellers, both lexical and sublexical processes are important for single word spelling, but with increasing literacy experience, lexically related variables are more important.
Macroeconomic, institutional, and sectoral determinants of outward foreign direct investment: Evidence from Japan
Authors: Chiappini Raphael , Viaud François 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper empirically explores the determinants of outward foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Japanese manufacturing sector. We estimate a gravity model of FDI for 30 host countries covering the period 2005–2017, using Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood to tackle the issue of zero‐value observations. The results indicate that Japanese overseas investments are not only driven by traditional factors, such as market size, the yen real exchange rate, trade openness, differences in perception of corruption, and financial instability, but also by industry characteristics. In particular, we find that low technological industries characterized by growing labour costs are more likely to be relocated abroad. Furthermore, we demonstrate nonlinearities in the determinants of Japanese overseas investments depending on the host country's development, the host country's region, and the category of FDI implemented (vertical vs horizontal).
Is the Self other to the self? Why does the numinosum feel like another? The relevance of Matte Blanco to our understanding of the unconscious
Authors: Corbett Lionel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUsing Ignacio Matte Blanco’s approach to the unconscious, this paper attempts to explain why the experience of the Self or the unconscious, for example in dreams, is difficult for the ego to understand. Matte Blanco believes that the logic of the unconscious is radically different from the logic of consciousness. The unconscious uses processes that Matte Blanco refers to as symmetry and generalization. Symmetry means that the converse of any relationship is identical to it, so that asymmetrical relationships are treated as if they were symmetrical. Generalization means that the unconscious treats any object as belonging to a larger class of objects that is a subset of an even larger class which is in turn a subset of a wider class ad infinitum. Hence Matte Blanco’s idea of the unconscious as infinite sets. These unconscious mechanisms, combined with the possibility that the unconscious has more dimensions than consciousness, contribute to the difficulty of understanding dreams, and help to explain why the Self is experienced as other to the ego.
Global incidence of caesarean deliveries on maternal request: a systematic review and meta‐regression
Authors: Begum T , Saif‐Ur‐Rahman KM , Yaqoot F , Stekelenburg J , Anuradha S , Biswas T , Doi SA , Mamun AA 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundCaesarean delivery on maternal request (CDMR) is considered a significant contributor to the unprecedented increase in caesarean deliveries (CDs) for nonclinical reasons. Current literature lacks a reliable assessment of the rate of CDMR, which hinders the planning and delivery of appropriate interventions for reducing CDMR rates.ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review of the literature and meta‐regression to explore the global incidence of CDMR.Search strategyPubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Medline, Google scholar and grey literature were searched from January 1985 to May 2019.Selection criteriaObservational studies that report CDMR data were included. We excluded non‐English articles, case notes, editorial reviews and articles reporting elective CDs from pregnancy risk factors.Data collection and analysisTwo reviewers independently conducted the screening and quality appraisal using a validated tool. The weighted average of CDMR over total deliveries (absolute proportion) and by total CDs (relative proportion) were generated. Quality‐effects meta‐regression was used to explain the variability of the CDMR estimates by moderators, including study methodology and demography of study participants.Main resultsWe identified 31 articles from 14 countries that include 5 million total births. The absolute proportion of CDMR varies between 0.2 and 42.0%, with significant variations across studies and subgroups. The economic status of the country and study year together explained 84% of the absolute and 76% of the relative proportion of CDMR variation.ConclusionsAn appropriate reporting of CDMR should be a key priority in maternal health policies and practices.Tweetable abstractGlobally, the proportion of maternal requested caesarean delivery has mostly been influenced by the economic status of the country.
Homicide by unusual‐edged weapons: Forensic considerations of two cases
Authors: Karray Narjes , Dedouit Fabrice , Dubois Clarisse , Savall Frederic , Telmon Norbert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHomicide by stab wound is common worldwide. However, the use of unusual edged weapons is rarely reported in the forensic literature. Here, we report two cases of homicide involving a Japanese sword, or katana, and a sickle. Both of these weapons can create either stab or incised wounds with some particularities. In our cases, characteristics of the external wounds, internal injuries, and the depth of penetration raised the possibility of an unusual weapon. Meticulous forensic examination of these injuries (morphological characteristics, depth of penetration, trajectories, and cut marks in the bone) may allow the forensic expert to determine the type of weapon used.
Characterization of robust Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus pentosus starter cultures for environmentally friendly low‐salt cucumber fermentations
Authors: Anekella Kartheek , Pérez‐Díaz Ilenys M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeven candidates for starter cultures for cucumber fermentations belonging to the Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus plantarum species were characterized based on physiological features desired for pickling. The isolates presented variable carbohydrate utilization profile on API® 50CHL test strips. The L. pentosus strains were unable to utilize d‐xylose in MRS broth or the M medium. The lactobacilli were unable to produce histamine, tyramine, putrescine, and cadaverine in biogenic amine broth containing the necessary precursors. Production of d‐lactic acid by the lactobacilli, detected enzymatically, was stimulated by growth in MRS broth as compared to cucumber juice medium (CJM). The lactobacilli utilized malic acid in the malate decarboxylase medium. Exopolyssacharide biosynthesis related genes were amplified from the lactobacilli. A sugar type‐dependent‐ropy phenotype was apparent for all the cultures tested in MRS and CJM. The genes associated with bacteriocin production were detected in the lactobacilli, but not the respective phenotypes. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the lactobacilli mimics that of other L. plantarum starter cultures. It is concluded that the lactobacilli strains studied here are suitable starter cultures for cucumber fermentation.Practical ApplicationThe availability of such starter cultures enables the implementation of low salt cucumber fermentations that can generate products with consistent biochemistry and microbiological profile.