bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elastick: A Vision Based Interface for Designing Spatial Curves and Surfaces
Authors: Suzuki Hiromasa , Fukushige Shinichi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Computer systems are widely used in mechanical design process, but their user interfaces and devices are not sufficient for designers to create sophisticated shapes. Various kinds of 3D input devices are not so useful either in terms of functions and costs. We propose a vision based interface called “Elastick” using an elastic stick and a digital camera which allows a designer to input smooth spatial curve very easily. It does not require any expensive, special devices and environments. The designer bends the stick to form a desired spatial curve. A digital camera is used to take an image of the stick, from which a spatial curve is reconstructed. A method developed by Pentland (PENTLAND, 1989) is used to reconstruct a spatial curve from a single image. In this paper, methods and algorithms used for Elastick are described and its application for generating mesh models are demonstrated.
Optimization for Vibration Reduction in Final Phase of Automotive Body Structural Design
Authors: Tsurumi Yasuaki , Nakagawa Toshiaki , Mori Nobuyuki , Yamakawa Hiroshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In automotive body structural design, Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) has been widely used in order to evaluate noise, vibration, harshness (NVH). A CAE engineer has usually used a large-scale finite element model exceeding 1 million degrees of freedom to improve NVH performance criteria in the final design phase. It is, however, difficult for a CAE engineer to propose the modification candidate for the NVH reduction to an automotive designer in the phase, while good accuracy of the analysis is obtained by using the large-scale model. Only the small modifications can be performed for the NVH performance since configurations of main frame structures are usually determined with respect to crashworthiness in the phase. Therefore, a CAE engineer cannot provide the designer with effective information on time.
In this paper, a new optimal design method using a reduction scheme based on the physical coordinates under many design constraints regarding the crashworthiness is proposed in order to overcome above problems. Our proposed method finds out an optimal layout and stiffness value efficiently from the calculation results of the large-scale model. That is, we determine the appropriate location and additional scalar spring constants by minimizing the acceleration of the observation grid. The effectiveness and availability of this method are confirmed using an example.
The Use of the Voxmap Pointshell Method of Collision Detection in Virtual Assembly Methods Planning
Authors: Johnson Tom C. , Vance Judy M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) provides the ability to work with digital models in an environment that provides 3 dimensional interaction. This technology can be used to evaluate how humans interact with products before costly physical prototypes are built. One of the advantages of using VR technology in design evaluation is the ability to easily explore many different “what-if” design scenarios. One of the areas of current research in the use of VR is in assembly methods planning. As a result of prior work performed at Iowa State University, it became clear that collision detection is an important component in the development of virtual assembly methods planning applications. This paper describes the use of the Voxmap Pointshell method of collision detection as it is applied to a general purpose virtual assembly planning application.
Innovative Design of a Thrust-Eccentric Gear Coupling for Submerged-Motor-Driven PC Pumping System
Authors: Wang Shijie , Hong Guang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The gear coupling, which transmits axial compressive force, torque and relative eccentric motion, is the key component of progressing cavity (PC) pumping systems. This paper reports an innovative design of such a gear coupling especially used for submerged-motor-driven PC pumping system applied in oil fields. The novelty of this design is the synergy of a zero-tooth-difference internal meshing gear pair and a spherical pair. The principle of transmission and the determination of the key parameters such as the tangential and radial modification factors are described in this paper. Considering the reduced thickness of the gear tooth and the harsh operating condition of the PC pumping system, verification for the contacting and bending fatigue strength of the zero-tooth-difference gear pair is recommended, and the corresponding method is discussed.
Extraction of CAD Tool Requirements From Industry and From Experimental Design Projects
Authors: Wiegers Tjamme , Vergeest Joris S. M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In spite of the advances of current CAD systems, the conceptual phases of design still suffer from lack of appropriate support tools. Contemporary research toward design support and automation puts substantial effort into the development of improved Computer-Aided Conceptual Design (CACD) and Computer-Aided Industrial Design (CAID) systems, both by industrial R&D and by science academia. However, there are indications that some of the persistent problems can only be solved if we more deeply understand what the requirements for the tools are. We extracted these requirements from two sources, from practicing designers in industry based on an inquiry, and from data generated in experimental design processes.
The inquiry indicated that improved CAD tools for conceptual design were lacking and would be welcomed if they were available. It was also explicitly revealed that even in the earliest phase of conceptual design, the enforcing of constraints to the designed shape was rated as crucial, besides an unlimited freedom of shape modeling as, e.g. offered by virtual claying. In general, a computer-based, early evaluation and analysis of design alternatives was ranked as the most urgent type of tool that should be developed.
Analysis of the protocol data from the design experiments revealed two items. First, the technical quality of the designs obtained by the test subjects suffered from a lack of intermediate evaluation. Second, the subjects often neglected to utilize an evaluation tool when it was provided.
From the extracted requirements we were able to derive recommendations for the research into better CACD tools. We also present some recent results that we obtained when we followed the recommendations.
Planar Cable-Direct-Driven Robots: Part II — Dynamics and Control
Authors: Gallina Paolo , Rossi Aldo , Williams Robert L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A hybrid parallel/serial manipulator architecture was introduced in a companion paper where the translational freedoms are provided by a cable-direct-driven robot (CDDR) and the rotational freedoms are provided by a serial wrist mechanism. While the companion paper presents kinematics and statics, the current paper presents a dynamics model and simulated control for planar CDDRs. Examples are presented to compare the planar 3-cable CDDR with one degree of actuation redundancy and the 4-cable CDDR with two degrees of actuation redundancy. It was found that the 4-cable tracking error was worse than for the 3-cable case, due to increased inertia with an additional actuator. Also, the controller architecture considers including and not including a feedforward reference acceleration term with the overall mass matrix; the performance of the controller with the feedforward term is clearly preferable.
Chinese Natural Language Oriented Dynamic Knowledge Extraction: A Case Study of Intelligent Design
Authors: Xiao Renbin , Chang Ming , Zhan Hongbin , Su Mu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In view of the existed problems of knowledge acquisition in intelligent systems, a dynamic knowledge extraction method based on Chinese natural language sentence-clustering is put forward, and the corresponding software prototype system is implemented. First of all, the proposed method is introduced in the paper by the way to give its outline. In order to demonstrate an important role of the proposed method, we make a complete case study via the intelligent design of certain machine tool. The design background of such a product is presented and the implementation steps is given in detail to show the whole design process. Through the practical case, we have succeeded in extracting knowledge from natural language text and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.
Proposal of an Integrated Design Support Environment Based on the Model of Synthesis
Authors: Yoshioka Masaharu , Nomaguchi Yutaka , Tomiyama Tetsuo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We propose a new integrated computational environment, called a Knowledge Intensive Engineering Framework (KIEF), to support design object modeling, during engineering design process that requires a variety of design object models, such as a geometric model, a control model, and a finite element model. KIEF is capable of guiding designers with design process knowledge based on a model of synthesis, of integrating multiple design object models, and of maintaining consistency among these models. The design process knowledge is a result of a research project we conduct to establish a model of synthesis. This model formalizes design process knowledge in a design process as operations to a multiple model-based reasoning system, such as KIEF, and from a language of synthesis. We describe a prototype system that incorporates design process knowledge to KIEF and illustrate an example design on it.
Fluid Mechanics of Slot Coating in Layered Manufacturing
Authors: Haberer M. , Zak G. , Park C. B. , Paraschivoiu M. , Benhabib B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper addresses the fluid mechanics of the slot-coating process within the context of the layered manufacturing system. The investigation was carried out to assist with the design of a novel slot-coating-based liquid-layer-formation subsystem. This subsystem, when used as a part of a lithography-based Rapid Layered Composite parts Manufacturing (RLCM) system, successfully solves some of the difficulties encountered in the formation of thin layers from a highly viscous fibre-photopolymer composite liquid.
In addition to an analytical model, the paper presents a numerical model based on a volume of fluid (VOF) algorithm. The algorithm allows (1) solution of non-steady-state problems, (2) tracking of the free surface of the fluid undergoing large deformations, and (3) easy modification of model’s domain to facilitate experimentation with coater geometry. Results from a set of simulated experiments are reported which show the relationship between the liquid coat height and several design and process parameters. Examination of cross-sections of test parts built on an RLCM prototype system confirmed the ability of the new coater design to form solid layers of good quality.
Fuzzy Reform and Optimization of Design Task in Concurrent Engineering
Authors: Zhao Yong , Cha Jianzhong , Zhang Junfeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With the increasing of global market competition and dynamic change of market environment, consumer needs are more personal and diversified, enterprise production is more flexible. At present, the production cycle period of traditional manufacturing industry is long, delivering goods is not in time, product quality is not good and resource are not used in reason. Because of the phenomena, products are not met the requirements of market and lack of market competition ability. For changing the situation, the development direction is building concurrent agility dynamic alliance of product development. So this paper puts forward an improved fuzzy reform optimization method of design task in Concurrent engineering (CE). Using this method, enterprise can develop product rapidly to satisfy consumer requirements and have high quality, low cost, reasonable price and good service, that is because it can assign right task to right person in right time for shortening development time of product.
Conflict Elimination of Product Concurrent Design Based on Blackboard Model
Authors: Zhao Yong , Cha Jianzhong , Zhang Junfeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
As to product design itself has quite complexity and many domain influence factors are integrated in concurrent design (CD), conflict phenomena exists in any process of carrying out CD. Conflict elimination is an important key to carrying out CD effectively. Conflict usually relates to many members in multifunction group of CD. Negotiation that is a process of multiple iteration and repeated alternation is utilized in CD conflict elimination. Many objects and constraints are considered in the process of negotiation and it is very hard to have no problem in the process of calculation, reasoning, evaluation and decisionmaking. As to the updating error is a tracing process and a lot of work done before is needed to repeat, efficiency of conflict elimination is very low. In this paper, a method of conflict elimination of product CD based on blackboard model is put forward. Design conflict producing, system and mechanism of conflict elimination based on blackboard model are analyzed and described. It takes gear CD conflict elimination as an example to illustrate the concrete application of the method and system.
Qualitative Reasoning for Decision Synthesis
Authors: Kazmer David , Zhu Liang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A qualitative reasoning approach is presented for decision support. This approach is initiated with the generation and normalization of a qualitative model including relationship matrix, importance weightings, control limits for decision variables, and specification limits for performance attributes. An extensive Simplex method is then utilized for mapping the global feasibility of the decision problem. Finally, the approach interprets and simplifies the results from the multi-dimensional feasibility space back to the qualitative model. The paper also presents application of the approach to process tuning of multilayer sheet extrusion and concept development of a 2nd generation reusable launch vehicle to orbit.
The results indicate that the developed approach is a viable alternative to currently practiced decision analysis methods. Specifically, the approach uses: 1) tightened specification limits rather than a weighted multi-attribute objective relationship, 2) determines global system feasibility from active constraints rather than local parametric optimization, and 3) establishes correlations based on dynamic Pareto-optimal frontiers rather than manual estimations. While the approach is potentially useful, further research is required to extend the methods to non-linear, stochastic, and uncharacterized engineering systems.
Using Yielded Cost As a Metric for Modeling Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Becker Daniel V. , Sandborn Peter 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Yielded cost is defined as cost divided by yield and can be used as a metric for representing an effective cost per good (non-defective) assembly for a manufacturing process. Although yielded cost is not a new concept, it has no consistent definition in engineering literature, and several different formulations and interpretations exist in the context of manufacturing and assembly.
In manufacturing, yield is the probability that an assembly is non-defective. To find the effective cost per good assembly that is invested in the manufacturing or assembly process, cost is accumulated and divided by yield.
This paper reviews and correlates existing yielded cost formulations and presents a new method that enables consistent measurement of sequential process flows. This new method views the yielded cost associated with an individual process step (step yielded cost) as the change in the process’s yielded cost when the step is removed from the process. This approach is preferred because it incorporates upstream and downstream information and because it provides a specific process step’s effective cost per good assembly that is independent of step order between steps that scrap defective product (i.e., test steps).
Conventional wisdom dictates that the best way to improve a process is to increase the yield of the lowest yield step. The new approach developed in this paper produces an auxiliary cost that can be used to determine the best method of improving processes that, for complex processes, does not always correspond to improving the lowest yield step.
Simple and complex assembly process examples are presented to demonstrate the interpretation of yielded cost. The new approach is applied to a microwave module (MWM) manufacturing and assembly process example.
Assembly Redesign for Rapid Prototyping
Authors: Wu J. , Tan S. T. , Sze W. S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Reducing cost and increasing productivity is always the goal of the industry. In traditional manufacturing, considerable cost is consumed on assembly. With the emergence of rapid prototyping (RP), product development shows a new way and assembly process is possible to be eliminated. In this paper, the possibility is investigated and a scheme based on assembly CAD solid model is proposed. Assemblies after redesign have simplified structures and less number of parts and can be fabricated in one go in a RP machine. Multiple material issue is also addressed in this paper.
Feature-Based, Design-Concurrent Cost Calculation Using Case-Based Reasoning (CBR)
Authors: Layer Alexander , Haasis Siegmar , van Houten Fred 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
For the successful launch of a product, the product costs are just as important as product quality and functionality. This paper gives an overview about recent work in the field of cost estimation and process planning and derives the requirements of a cost calculation system for design-concurrent use, because up to now there is no such system that has widespread application within the industry. For this reason the paper presents a concept for design-concurrent cost calculation, using feature-technology and case-based reasoning. This concept overcomes the shortcomings of existing methods and applications and fulfils the targets to be met for a generic cost calculation method.
Towards Massively Parallel MEMS Assembly
Authors: Abbott Mark W. , Sturges Robert H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) are miniaturized sensor and actuator systems built with mechanical and/or electrical components. Applications for MEMS devices range from optical switches to biomedical devices and microrobots. Fabrication of MEMS is dominated by bulk micromachining techniques with an additional enhancement of wafer-to-wafer bonding. These combined techniques use lithography to selectively etch substrates and bond dissimilar types of parts and substrates together to fabricate MEMS parts. However, the difficulties in compatible process requirements for the different technologies, e.g. CMOS, gallium arsenide, polysilicon, or silicon nitride, has resulted in the design and implementation of hybrid MEMS devices, those devices that use more than one technology. This paper presents a starting point to explore the possibilities of assembling hybrid MEMS devices on a wafer-to-wafer scale. Assembly will be broken down into two categories, serial and parallel, that will be discussed in two scenerios and considered with regard to gripper technologies and possible applications. This new assembly approach is a topic for the Design for Manufacturing community to consider for translating their knowledge of macroscopic assembly into the micro domain. We believe that a successful investigation into the tolerances and techniques required for the massively parallel assembly of MEMS scale devices will result in a smaller number of fabrication steps and a high yield of increasingly complex MEMS devices.
Design of an Evaluative Tool for a Multi-Station Injection Molding System Using an Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Wolf A. R. , Shu L. H. , Venter R. D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A tool to facilitate the feasibility study of a newly proposed multi-station injection molding system is developed. The conceptual design and proposed embodiment of the new system are geared toward the development of a system flexible enough to handle multiple part types and production volumes. A comprehensive design model is used to structure the problem by identifying the desired design objectives and the effect the system variables have on the final design. An Evolutionary Algorithm optimization is used to find the combination of system variables that yields optimal system outputs. The algorithm uses a number of components customized to suit the design requirements of the proposed system. This optimization and evaluation process provides a basis by which the new system can be compared with traditional injection molding practices. Results confirm that the new multi-station system is less affected by the degree of product variety than traditional molding machines.
Transformation Invariant Shape Similarity Comparison of Solid Models
Authors: McWherter David , Peabody Mitchell , Regli William C. , Shokoufandeh Ali 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents two complementary approaches to comparing the shape and topology of solid models. First, we develop a mapping of solid models to Model Signature Graphs (MSGs) — labeled, undirected graphs that abstract the boundary representation of the model and capture relevant shape and engineering attributes. Model Signature Graphs are then used to define metric spaces over arbitrary sets of solid models. This paper introduces two such metric spaces: first, a mapping of MSGs to a high-dimension vector space where euclidean distance measures are applied; second, a distance computation performed between graph spectra constructed from MSGs using spectral graph theoretic techniques.
In practice, exact computation of the edit distance between model signature graphs is believed to be an NP-hard problem. We show that properties of the design signature graph’s spectra, derived from the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix, can be used as a efficient and tractable approximation of the edit distance.
Lastly, we provide empirical results using real test data from the National Design Repository (http://www.designrepository.org) to validate our approach. We argue comparisons among solid models in these metric space are immune to problems caused by inexactness and ambiguity arising from basic modeling transformations (scale, translation, rotation, sheer, etc.). It is our belief that this work contributes to a growing body of techniques for comparing models and indexing CAD media types in database systems.
Concurrent Product Development Across the Supply Chain: Development of Integrator/Supplier Risk and Coupling Indices
Authors: Esterman Marcos , Ishii Kosuke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper develops the fundamental requirements, definitions and metrics that will serve as a foundation for a method to aid in concurrent product development (CPD) across the supply chain. A case study at HP validated nine sources of CPD uncertainty and identified four new important ideas that led to five key requirements for CPD across the supply chain. The concepts of degree of design customization and degree of coupling are introduced as a framework by which to evaluate the risk introduced into the product development process by suppliers. The engineering metric supplier coupling, the engineering metric deviation from target and the degree of design customization indices are defined and integrated into a process to facilitate risk assessment from the integrator’s perspective both at the system-level and supplier-level. The paper concludes by presenting the future research agenda.