bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic compensation rather than genetic assimilation drives the evolution of plasticity in response to mild warming across latitudes in a damselfly
Authors: Swaegers Janne , Spanier Katina I. , Stoks Robby 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlobal warming is causing plastic and evolutionary changes in the phenotypes of ectotherms. Yet, we have limited knowledge on how the interplay between plasticity and evolution shapes thermal responses and underlying gene expression patterns. We assessed thermal reaction norm patterns across the transcriptome and identified associated molecular pathways in northern and southern populations of the damselfly Ischnura elegans. Larvae were reared in a common garden experiment at the mean summer water temperatures experienced at the northern (20°C) and southern (24°C) latitudes. This allowed a space‐for‐time substitution where the current gene expression levels at 24°C in southern larvae are a proxy for the expected responses of northern larvae under gradual thermal evolution to the predicted 4°C warming. Most differentially expressed genes showed fixed differences across temperatures between latitudes, suggesting that thermal genetic adaptation will mainly evolve through changes in constitutive gene expression. Northern populations also frequently showed plastic responses in gene expression to mild warming, while southern populations were much less responsive to temperature. Thermal responsive genes in northern populations showed to a large extent a pattern of genetic compensation, namely gene expression that was induced at 24°C in northern populations remained at a lower constant level in southern populations, and were associated with metabolic and translation pathways. There was instead little evidence for genetic assimilation of an initial plastic response to mild warming. Our data therefore suggest that genetic compensation rather than genetic assimilation may drive the evolution of plasticity in response to mild warming in this damselfly species.
A positive diagnostic strategy is safe and saves endoscopies in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A five‐year follow‐up of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Engsbro Anne Line , Begtrup Luise M. , Haastrup Peter , Storsveen Maria Munch , Bytzer Peter , Kjeldsen Jens , Schaffalitzky De Muckadell Ove , Jarbøl Dorte Ejg 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPreviously, the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) required exclusion of organic causes by extensive diagnostic testing. Newer guidelines recommend IBS as a positive diagnosis based on symptoms with limited testing. We investigated the long‐term safety and impact on use of health resources of a positive diagnostic strategy compared to a strategy of exclusion in patients with symptoms compatible with IBS.MethodsIn 2008‐2010, primary care patients aged 18‐50 years fulfilling the Rome III criteria for IBS without alarm signals were randomized to a positive diagnostic strategy (limited blood tests, n = 150) or a strategy of exclusion (extensive blood tests, fecal samples for intestinal parasites, and sigmoidoscopy with biopsies, n = 152). At five years, hospital‐registered diagnoses and use of health resources including lower endoscopies were retrieved from national registries. Participants provided 5‐year data on Rome III criteria for IBS, severity of symptoms, and quality of life.Key resultsBaseline mean age was 31.4 (SD 9.1) years; 79% were female. No cases of celiac disease, and gastrointestinal or gynecological cancers were diagnosed within five years. Negligible and comparable numbers were diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease, benign gynecological conditions, and upper GI conditions in the two groups. The positive diagnosis strategy carried a higher number of lower endoscopies from year 1 to 5 (23 patients versus 13 patients in the exclusion group), but overall saved endoscopies.Conclusions & InferencesA positive diagnosis of IBS was as safe as a diagnosis of exclusion in a five‐year perspective and saved lower endoscopies; the study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov numbers: NCT00659763/NCT01153295.
Critical thinking in nursing clinical practice, education and research: From attitudes to virtue
Authors: Falcó‐Pegueroles Anna , Rodríguez‐Martín Dolors , Ramos‐Pozón Sergio , Zuriguel‐Pérez Esperanza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCritical thinking is a complex, dynamic process formed by attitudes and strategic skills, with the aim of achieving a specific goal or objective. The attitudes, including the critical thinking attitudes, constitute an important part of the idea of good care, of the good professional. It could be said that they become a virtue of the nursing profession. In this context, the ethics of virtue is a theoretical framework that becomes essential for analyse the critical thinking concept in nursing care and nursing science. Because the ethics of virtue consider how cultivating virtues are necessary to understand and justify the decisions and guide the actions. Based on selective analysis of the descriptive and empirical literature that addresses conceptual review of critical thinking, we conducted an analysis of this topic in the settings of clinical practice, training and research from the virtue ethical framework. Following JBI critical appraisal checklist for text and opinion papers, we argue the need for critical thinking as an essential element for true excellence in care and that it should be encouraged among professionals. The importance of developing critical thinking skills in education is well substantiated; however, greater efforts are required to implement educational strategies directed at developing critical thinking in students and professionals undergoing training, along with measures that demonstrate their success. Lastly, we show that critical thinking constitutes a fundamental component in the research process, and can improve research competencies in nursing. We conclude that future research and actions must go further in the search for new evidence and open new horizons, to ensure a positive effect on clinical practice, patient health, student education and the growth of nursing science.
The inhibitory effect of the deubiquitinase cylindromatosis (CYLD) on inflammatory responses in human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Fu Yong‐Wei , Li Lu , Wang Xiao‐Qian , Zhou Yi , Zhu Li‐Fang , Mei You‐Min , Xu Yan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveExperiments were performed to evaluate CYLD expression in human gingival tissue samples and to examine the effects of CYLD on inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐ or TNF‐α‐stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).MethodsImmunohistochemistry for CYLD and p65 expression was performed with healthy and inflamed gingival tissue samples. siRNA was used to knock down the expression of CYLD in HGFs. Upon LPS or TNF‐α stimulation, NF‐κB activation was detected in control and CYLD‐knockdown HGFs. RT‐PCR was applied to determine gene expression. Western blot analyses were employed to assess protein expression. Immunofluorescence staining was carried out to evaluate the nuclear translocation of p65.ResultsImmunohistochemical staining showed the expression of CYLD in human gingival tissues. In addition, CYLD protein expression was reduced in inflamed gingival tissue samples compared with healthy tissue samples. CYLD knockdown greatly enhanced the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS‐ or TNF‐α‐stimulated HGFs. Furthermore, knocking down CYLD expression increased LPS‐stimulated NF‐κB activation in HGFs. Unexpectedly, CYLD knockdown did not affect TNF‐α‐induced NF‐κB activation.ConclusionsOur results suggest that CYLD participates in periodontal inflammatory responses by negatively regulating LPS‐induced NF‐κB signalling.
Regeneration of lingual musculature in rats using myoblasts over porcine bladder acellular matrix
Authors: Camacho‐Alonso Fabio , García‐Carrillo Nuria , Buendía Antonio Julián , Navarro Jose Antonio , Peñarrocha‐Oltra David , Peñarrocha‐Diago Miguel , Lacal‐Luján Jose 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo use tissue engineering muscle repair (TEMR) for regenerating the lingual musculature of hemiglossectomized rats using neonatal myoblasts (NM) on porcine acellular urinary bladder matrix (AUBM).Material and MethodsThe study used 80 male rats. A volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury was created on the left side of the tongue. The rats were randomized into four groups: Group 1 (AUBM + myoblasts); Group 2 (AUBM); Group 3 (myoblasts); and Group 4 (control). NM were obtained from neonatal rats. The animals were weighed on day 0 and just before euthanasia. Five rats in each group were euthanized at days 2, 14, 28, and 42; the tongues were prepared for morphometric analysis, postoperative left hemitongue weight, and immunohistochemical analysis (desmin, CD‐31, and anti‐neurofilament).ResultsThe weight gain from greatest to least was as follows: AUBM + myoblasts > myoblasts > AUBM > control. The tongue dorsum occupied by VML, and difference in mg between control side and intervened side from least to great was as follows: AUBM + myoblasts < myoblasts < AUBM < control. The order from highest to lowest antibody positivity was as follows: AUBM + myoblasts > myoblasts > AUBM > control.ConclusionThe use of porcine AUBM and NM for the regeneration of lingual musculature was found to be an effective TEMR treatment for repairing tongue VML injury.
Lumbar Sympathetic Block for Intractable Lower‐Limb Postherpetic Neuralgia: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Ozturk Ekim Can , Sencan Savas , Gunduz Osman Hakan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLumbar sympathetic block is a commonly used technique for sympathetically mediated pain syndromes. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is also accepted to be associated with sympathetic system activation. While sympathetic blocks were utilized for upper‐extremity or face‐related PHN, there has not been any report regarding lower‐extremity PHN, as it is an uncommon region. Here, we present two cases of systemic drug‐resistant PHN in lower limb, relieved with lumbar sympathetic block. Both patients had at least 50% reduction in numeric rating scale (NRS) scores at the end of 6 months. Lumbar sympathetic block could be considered in the treatment of lower‐limb PHN. More reports and controlled trials are needed for further understanding the role of the intervention in this neuropathic pain syndrome.
Influence of salt stress on C4 photosynthesis in Miscanthus sinensis Anderss.
Authors: Sun Q. , Yamada T. , Han Y. , Takano T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. is a good candidate for C4 bioenergy crop development for marginal lands. As one of the characteristics of marginal lands, salinization is a major limitation to agricultural production. The present work aimed to investigate the possible factors involved in the tolerance of M. sinensis C4 photosynthesis to salinity stress.

Seedlings of two accessions (salt‐tolerant ‘JM0119’ and salt‐sensitive ‘JM0099’) were subjected to 0 mm NaCl (control) or 250 mm NaCl (salt stress treatment) for 2 weeks. The chlorophyll content, parameters of photosynthesis and chlorophyll a fluorescence, activity of C4 enzymes and expression of C4 genes were measured.

The results showed that photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, PSII operating efficiency, coefficient of photochemical quenching, activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) and gene expression of PEPC and PPDK under salinity were higher after long‐term salinity exposure in ‘JM0119’ than in ‘JM0099’, while activity of NADP‐malate dehydrogenase (NADP‐MDH) and NADP‐malic enzyme (NADP‐ME), together with expression of NADP‐MDH and NADP‐ME, were much higher in ‘JM0099’ than in ‘JM0119’.

In conclusion, the increased photosynthetic capacity under long‐term salt stress in the salt‐tolerant relative to the salt‐sensitive M. sinensis accession was mainly associated with non‐stomatal factors, such as reduced chlorophyll loss, higher PSII operating efficiency, enhanced activity of PEPC and PPDK and relatively lower activity of NADP‐ME.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Strategic Deployment of the China Model in Africa
Authors: Hodzi Obert , Åberg John H. S. 
Published: October 2020

This introductory article examines the concept of strategic localization, which is central to the theme of this Special Issue of Politics & Policy. We focus on how African states, for regime survival and/or pragmatic reasons, reinterpret China's development discourse and preferences and implement them in their local contexts. We hypothesize that the China model of development has become a rhetorical commonplace used to legitimize policies perceived to be: (1) better for regime survival (e.g., no political conditionalities; dissemination of resources to elites); and (2) superior to other development models (more suitable for developing countries, better at developing strong states). The article will also give a synopsis of the other articles in the Special Issue—highlighting their main arguments and findings.Related Articles (in this Special Issue)Åberg, John H. S., and Derick Becker. 2020. “China as Exemplar: Justin Lin, New Structural Economics, and the Unorthodox Orthodoxy of the China Model.” Politics & Policy 48 (5).Babones, Salvatore. 2020. “China's Development Model: Can it be Replicated in Sub‐Saharan Africa?” Politics & Policy 48 (5).Hodzi, Obert. 2020. “African Political Elites and the Making(s) of the China Model in Africa.” Politics & Policy 48 (5).
Identification and pathogenicity of Neophysopella species associated with Asian grapevine leaf rust in Brazil
Authors: Santos Ricardo F. , Primiano Isabela V. , Amorim Lilian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAsian grapevine leaf rust (AGLR) causes severe crop losses in Brazilian viticulture, mainly in latitudes <25°S. The purpose of this study was to identify the pathogen(s) involved with AGLR in Brazil, based on phylogenetic and morphological analysis and pathogenicity tests. In total, 56 monouredinial isolates from six Brazilian states were identified using the internal transcribed spacer 2 and the large subunit rRNA gene D1/D2 regions. All 50 isolates from the south‐central region were classified as Neophysopella tropicalis, and the other six isolates from the north‐east region as Neophysopella meliosmae‐myrianthae. This result provides evidence that two pathogen introductions from different sources may have occurred in the country. For both species, paraphyses were cylindrical, incurved, aseptate, and hyaline, while urediniospores were short‐pedicellate, obovoid or obovoid‐ellipsoid, with the wall colourless or pale yellowish, evenly echinulate. Representative isolates from both species caused typical AGLR symptoms on Vitis vinifera 'Merlot' and V. labrusca 'Niagara Rosada'. Overall, regardless of the Neophysopella species, isolates caused similar leaf disease severities. Higher disease severity was observed in Niagara Rosada (average of 40.3% of diseased leaf area) compared to Merlot (20.5%). This study reports, for the first time, the characterization of Neophysopella species associated with AGLR in Brazil.
Argentinian potato leafroll virus P0 protein: Novel activities for a previously known suppressor
Authors: Barrios Barón María P. , Delfosse Verónica C. , Agrofoglio Yamila C. , Nahirñak Vanesa , Almasia Natalia I. , Vazquez Rovere Cecilia , Distéfano Ana J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe potato leafroll virus (PLRV) P0 protein (P0PL) is a suppressor of RNA silencing. In this study, we showed that P0 protein from an Argentinian isolate of PLRV (P0PL‐Ar) has an additional activity not described for other PLRV or P0 proteins from poleroviruses. Besides reporting that P0PL‐Ar displays both local and systemic silencing suppressor activity, we demonstrated, for the first time, that P0PL‐Ar impedes accumulation of dsRNA‐derived siRNAs. We also showed that P0PL‐Ar interacts with Solanum tuberosum SKP1 orthologue (StSKP1) and triggers destabilization of ARGONAUTE 1 (AGO1) and that these actions are mediated by the F‐box‐like domain. A mutant in the GW/WG motif within the P0PL‐Ar F‐box‐like motif lost the suppression activity, the interaction with StSKP1 and abolished AGO1 decay. Interestingly, a mutant in the L76/P77 residues within the P0PL‐Ar F‐box‐like motif, which lost the suppression activity and the interaction with StSKP1, retained the capacity to enable AGO1 decay. Thus, unlike other P0 proteins of previously characterized poleroviruses, P0PL‐Ar seems to have a dual activity, according to the findings of this study. This protein would act at both an upstream and a downstream step of the RNA silencing pathway: upstream of Dicer‐like enzyme (DCL)‐mediated primary siRNA production and downstream at the RNA‐induced silencing complex (RISC) complex level. Our results contribute to the understanding of the different ways PLRV P0 proteins function as silencing suppressors.
Catholicism as a lived religion in Africa
Authors: Lado Ludovic 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is abundance of literature on African Catholicism, but it is unevenly distributed across disciplines in humanities and social sciences. Theology as indicated in the first section of this study takes the lion's share followed by historical and social sciences. African Christian studies, of which African Catholic studies are a sub‐field, have been dominated by three main topics: the missionary encounter and local appropriations of Christianity, African Independent Churches and Pentecostalism. Overall, Catholicism has been the poor relative of African Christian studies, especially with regard to social sciences which seem better equipped than theology to explore lived Catholicism. But recent developments in scholarship on the anthropology of global Christianity are stimulating a growing interest in the anthropology of global Catholicism which in turn should lead to more research and publications on lived Catholicism in Africa. As Catholicism continue to grow in Africa and as Africans continue to take over from Western missionaries, more studies, especially from social scientists, are needed to answer the question: what does it mean to be a Catholic in Africa?
Trust or Control? The Role of Group Size in Governing Small‐scale Irrigation Facilities*
Authors: Miao Shanshan , Zhu Xueqin , Heijman Wim , Xu Zengwei , Lu Qian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOne of the key issues in collective action is whether stakeholders are able to realize commons governance through a trust‐based mode or control‐based mode. This paper, examines whether trust and control affect the commons governance for small‐scale irrigation facilities, and the moderating effects of group size on the relationship between trust and control and cooperative performance. The data were collected from 504 households who participated in the collective action for small‐scale irrigation facilities in Shaanxi, Gansu Province, and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of Northwest China. The analysis was performed by Structural Equation modeling and hierarchical regression. The findings show that trust and control are contrasting forces that influence the participation degree and the cooperative performance, although their relationship is not of a simple supplementary character but could be moderated by the group size. Both trust‐based and control‐based modes of irrigation management are effective in small groups, whereas only a control‐based mode of management has an effect in big groups. The theoretical contribution of this paper clarifies the mechanisms through which the contrasting forces of group size are exerted on trust and control, directly and indirectly influences the participation degree and the cooperative performance in commons governance.
First report of straelensiosis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)
Authors: Sargo Roberto F.J. , Mota Stéphanie M. , Loureiro Filipa R.F. , Sousa Luís M.C. , Silva Filipe C. , Prada Justina 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundStraelensia cynotis, a trombidioid larval mite, was identified as a cause of nodular dermatitis in dogs in Southern Europe. It has been suggested that red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a natural host for S. cynotis. However, no case has been reported in this species.ObjectiveTo describe three suspected cases of straelensiosis in red foxes.AnimalsThree juvenile wild red foxes from Portugal.ResultsErythematous papules and nodules were found in the head, neck and limbs of these foxes with no associated pruritus. In skin biopsies, well‐preserved larval mites were found within dilated hair follicles. These follicular lesions were multifocal and consisted of a degenerative and necrotic area nearby the parasite’s mouthparts with marked pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and perifollicular mucinosis. These features are considered pathognomonic in S. cynotis infestations in dogs. Treatment and outcome are outlined.Conclusions and clinical importanceTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present case series documents the first known occurrence of nodular dermatitis by Straelensia spp. in red foxes. This new evidence may corroborate participation of the red fox in the life cycle of S. cynotis.
Evaluation of the effects of medial saphenous venous pressures as an indirect method of measurement of intra‐abdominal pressures in the horse
Authors: Munsterman Amelia S. , Gillen Alexandra M. , Coleridge Matthew O. D. , Hanson R. Reid 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of changes in intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP) on medial saphenous venous pressure (MSVP) and hemodynamics in normal horses.DesignExperimental, in‐vivo study.SettingUniversity Teaching Hospital.AnimalsConvenience sample of 7 mixed breed horses; 5 geldings, and 2 mares.InterventionsPneumoperitoneum was induced in horses under standing sedation with carbon dioxide gas using a laparoscopic insufflator for a total of 60 minutes to simulate clinical elevation in IAP. Pressure was increased stepwise to 20 mm Hg over 30 minutes, and maintained at that pressure for 30 minutes to evaluate the effect of sustained intra‐abdominal hypertension. The MSVP and vital parameters were recorded, along with direct arterial blood pressure from the transverse facial artery.Measurements and Main ResultsAs IAP increased, MSVP increased in a stepwise manner, in concert with changes in IAP. The consistency in measurement between MSVP and IAP was high (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.92;P < 0.001) and repeated measures correlation was excellent (r = 0.98;P < 0.001). Heart rate was unchanged over the course of the experiment (P = 0.09), however, respiratory rate increased with increasing IAP (P < 0.001). Arterial blood pressure also increased with insufflation (P < 0.001), with a significant difference at an IAP of 15 mm Hg (P = 0.04).ConclusionsThis report provides preliminary data demonstrating a strong correlation between equine MSVP and changes in IAP, similar to that observed in other species. Further investigations are needed to evaluate this relationship, and to confirm these results in clinical patients.