bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden of non-communicable diseases in Cyprus, 1990 - 2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study
Authors: Charalampous Periklis , Pallari Elena , Tyrovolas Stefanos , Middleton Nicos , Economou Mary , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Haagsma Juanita A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for over 90% of all deaths in the Cypriot population, in 2018. However, a detailed and comprehensive overview of the impact of NCDs on population health of Cyprus over the period of 1990 to 2017, expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) is currently not available. Knowledge about the drivers of changes in NCD DALYs over time is paramount to identify priorities for the prevention of NCDs in Cyprus and guide evidence-based decision making. The objectives of this paper were to: 1) assess the burden of NCDs in terms of years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and DALYs in Cyprus in 2017, and 2) identify changes in the burden of NCDs in Cyprus over the 28-year period and assess the main drivers of these changes. Methods: We performed a secondary database descriptive study using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 results on NCDs for Cyprus from 1990 to 2017. We calculated the percentage of change of age-standardized DALY rates between 1990 and 2017 and decomposed these time trends to assess the causes of death and disability that were the main drivers of change. Results: In Cyprus in 2017, 83% (15,129 DALYs per 100,000; 12,809 to 17,707 95%UI) of total DALYs were due to NCDs. The major contributors to NCD DALYs were cardiovascular diseases (16.5%), neoplasms (16.3%), and musculoskeletal disorders (15.6%). Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardized NCD DALY rates decreased by 23%. For both males and females, the largest decreases in DALY rates were observed in ischemic heart disease and stroke. For Cypriot males, the largest increases in DALY rates were observed for pancreatic cancer, drug use disorders, and acne vulgaris, whereas for Cypriot females these were for acne vulgaris, psoriasis and eating disorders. Conclusion: Despite a decrease in the burden of NCDs over the period from 1990 to 2017, NCDs are still a major public health challenge. Implementation of interventions and early detection screening programmes of modifiable NCD risk factors are needed to reduce occurrence and exacerbation of leading causes of NCDs in the Cypriot population.
Which symptoms pose the highest risk in patients calling for an ambulance? A population-based cohort study from Denmark
Authors: Ibsen Stine , Lindskou Tim Alex , Nickel Christian H. , Kløjgård Torben , Christensen Erika Frischknecht , Søvsø Morten Breinholt 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Emergency medical service patients are a vulnerable population and the risk of mortality is considerable. In Denmark, healthcare professionals receive 112-emergency calls and assess the main reason for calling. The main aim was to investigate which of these reasons, i.e. which symptoms or mechanism of injury, contributed to short-term risk of death. Secondary aim was to study 1-30 day-mortality for each symptom/ injury.Methods Historic population-based cohort study of emergency medical service patients calling 112 in the North Denmark Region between 01.01.2016–31.12.2018. We defined 1-day mortality as death on the same or the following day. The frequency of each symptom and cumulative number of deaths on day 1 and 30 together with 1- and 30-day mortality for each symptom/mechanism of injury is presented in proportions. Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to estimate incident rates (IR) of mortality with 95% confidence intervals (CI), crude and age and sex adjusted, mortality rates on day 1 per 100,000 person-year in the population.Results The five most frequent reasons for calling 112 were “chest pain” (15.9%), “unclear problem” (11.9%), “accidents” (11.2%), “possible stroke” (10.9%), and “breathing difficulties” (8.3%). Four of these contributed to the highest numbers of deaths: “breathing difficulties” (17.2%), “unclear problem” (13.2%), “possible stroke” (8.7%), and “chest pain” (4.7%), all exceeded by “unconscious adult – possible cardiac arrest” (25.3%). Age and sex adjusted IR per 100,000 person-year was 3.65 (CI 3.01-4.44) for “unconscious adult – possible cardiac arrest” followed by “breathing difficulties” (0.45, CI 0.37-0.54), “unclear problem”(0.30, CI 0.11-0.17), “possible stroke”(0.13 , CI 0.11-0.17) and “chest pain”(0.07, CI 0.05-0.09). Conclusion In terms of risk of death on the same day and the day after the 112-call, “unconscious adult/possible cardiac arrest” was the most deadly symptom, about eight times more deadly than “breathing difficulties”, 12 times more deadly than “unclear problem”, 28 times more deadly than “possible stroke”, and 52 times more deadly than “chest pain”. “Breathing difficulties” and “unclear problem” as presented when calling 112 are among the top three contributing to short term deaths when calling 112, exceeding both stroke symptoms and chest pain.
Colonic Mucormycosis Causing Massive Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Case Report
Authors: Chiang Ting-Hsuan , Lee Yi-Wei , Tan Jui-Hsiang , Kao Chih-Chin , Chang Chun-Chao , Fang Kuan- chieh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundLower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is very common in the hospital setting. Most bleedings stop spontaneously, but rare infectious causes of LGIB may lead to rapid and serious complications if left untreated.Case PresentationWe described a young man with poorly controlled Type I Diabetes Mellitus and chronic alcohol abuse who presented with acute altered mental status. During his hospitalization for treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, acute renal failure, and sepsis, he suddenly developed massive hematochezia of 1500ml. Colonoscopy was done and a deep ulcer covered with mucus with peripheral elevation was noted at the transverse colon. Biopsy of the ulcer later revealed nonpigmented, wide (5-20 µm in diameter), thin-walled, ribbon-like hyphae with few septations and right-angle branching suggestive of mucormycosis demonstrated by Periodic acid–Schiff stain. He received two months of antifungal treatment. Follow up colonoscopy post-treatment was normal with no ulcer visualized.ConclusionsEarly diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) mucormycosis infection is critical but can be challenging, especially in the setting of massive hematochezia. Therefore, clinical awareness for immunocompromised patients and prompt antifungal prophylaxis in cases with high suspicion of infection are essential.
Model Dimension Reduction and Nonlinear Analysis of the Sprag Clutch-flexible Rotor System Considering Local Nonlinearity
Authors: Huang Chuang , Zhao Yongqiang , Jin Guanghu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to study the influence of local nonlinear factors such as bearing clearance and Hertzian contact on the nonlinear behavior of the sprag clutch-rotor system during high-speed steady-state engaging, a nonlinear force model of rolling bearing considering radial clearance and Hertzian contact is established. Regarding the inner and outer rotors as substructures, the fixed interface modal synthesis method is used to reduce the dimension of the substructure model, and the nonlinear dimension reduction model of the sprag clutch-flexible rotor system (SC-FRS) is obtained. To improve computational efficiency, the Newmark method combined with the fixed interface synthesis method is presented to calculate the system response. The response results of the reduced model with a different number of dominant modes and the unreduced model are compared, and the number of reserved dominant modes of the inner and outer rotors is selected based on the calculation efficiency and accuracy. The effect of the radial clearance of different bearings on the nonlinear vibration response and the dynamic load of the inter-shaft bearing is discussed. It is found that the sensitivity of different radial clearances to the system's amplitude-frequency response is different, and the amplitude jump and the frequency hysteresis appear at the resonance peak.
Optimization Transmission Efficiency with Driver Intention for Automotive Continuously Variable Transmission Under Slip Mode
Authors: Han Ling , Zhang Hui , Fang Ruoyu , Liu Hongxiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study proposes and experimentally validates an optimal integrated system to control the automotive continuously variable transmission (CVT) to achieve its expected transmission efficiency range. The control system framework consists of top and bottom layers. In the top layer, a driving intention recognition system is designed on the basis of fuzzy control strategy to determine the relationship between the driver intention and CVT target ratio at the corresponding time. In the bottom layer, a new slip state dynamic equation is obtained considering slip characteristics and its related constraints, and a clamping force bench is established. Innovatively, a joint controller based on model predictive control (MPC) is designed taking internal combustion engine torque and slip between the metal belt and pulley as optimization dual targets . A cycle is attained by solving the optimization target to achieve optimum engine torque and the input slip in real-time . Moreover, the new controller provides good robustness. Finally, performance is tested by actual CVT vehicles. Results show that compared with traditional control, the proposed control improves vehicle transmission efficiency by approximately 9.12%–9.35% with high accuracy.
Vortex Simulation of Two Cylinders in Tandem Using Overlapping Grid System
Authors: Wardhana Wisnu , Wardhana Ede , Soetardjo Meitha 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To give a considerable time reduction in the calculation of the vortex velocity and in the CPU time, discrete vortex modelling of flows using overlapping grid system for two tandem cylinders is carried out. This simple and time efficient method gives a better scatter of surface vorticity as the vortices around the body are now calculated on grid point. This research is to simulate the loading on structural elements of the structures due to their interaction with anodes or with other members. To show the flow phenomena and interactions involved, the in-line and transverse force coefficients are presented. The comparison of the results with experimental and numerical results and the range for good results is presented.
Joint Binary Response Modeling for Childhood Comorbidity in Ethiopia
Authors: Bokoro Tesfaye Abera , Gebresilasie Habtamu Kiros 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Childhood diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) are some of the diseases that share common risk factors in tropical developing regions. The objective of the study was to identify risk factors of childhood diarrhea and ARI among children age under-five years old based on 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data.Methods: A joint binary response model that accommodates the interdependence between the two diseases was employed. Results: We found a common odds ratio value (4.30) greater than unity, describing a positive association between the two childhood diseases. Thereby, employing a joint model to assess the potential factors for diarrhea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) was reasonable. Moreover, it was identified that standard errors of the parameter estimates in the joint response model were smaller compared to the corresponding standard errors of the separate models.Conclusion: In the joint model, explanatory variables such as residence, vaccination, mother’s education, and antenatal care visits during pregnancy were found statistically significant risk factors for diarrhea, whereas residence, number of children ever born, vaccination, mother’s education, and wealth index were statistically significant risk factors for childhood Acute Respiratory Infection. The two correlated dichotomous response variables that is, diarrhea and ARI were affected together significantly by the risk factors such as residence, vaccination, and mother’s education.
Explaining better hearing in Norway: A comparison of two HUNT cohorts 20 years apart
Authors: Engdahl Bo , Stigum Hein , Aarhus Lisa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background The hearing function at a given age seems to have improved in more recent born cohorts in industrialized countries. But the reasons for the improvement have not yet been explained. Methods We investigated the extent to which better hearing in Norway is attributed to modifiable risk factors by using representative demographic and audiometric data from two cohorts of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, HUNT2 (1996-1998) and HUNT4 (2017-2019). We estimated natural indirect effects using causal inference methods in order to assess whether cohort improvement in hearing thresholds (HTs) was mediated by occupational noise exposure, recurrent ear infections, smoking and education. Results The improvement in HTs from HUNT2 to HUNT4 was 2.8 and 3.0 dB at low respectively high frequencies. Together all risk factors mediated this improvement by 0.8 dB (95% CI 0.7-0.9) and 0.8 dB (95% CI 0.7-0.9) respectively, corresponding to mediated proportions of 27 and 28 percent. Substantial mediation was specifically found for occupational noise in men and recurrent ear infections in women (mediated proportions of 11 and 17 percent at high frequencies, respectively).Conclusions Increased education, less occupational noise exposure, ear infections and smoking contributed considerably to better hearing in Norway the last two decades.
In-Situ Study of Electrochemical Migration of Tin in The Presence of Bromide Ion
Authors: Lee Ee Lynn , Haseeb A. S. M. A. , Basirun Wan Jeffrey , Wong Yew Hoong , Sabri Mohd Faizul Mohd , Low Boon Yew 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The miniaturization of electronic devices and the consequent decrease in the distance between conductive lines have increased the risk of short circuit failure due to electrochemical migration (ECM). The presence of ionic contaminants in the devices can accelerate the ECM process. This work systematically investigates the ECM of tin (Sn) in the presence of bromide ions (Br−) in the range of 10-6 M to 1.0 M. Water drop test (WDT) was conducted in the two-probe semiconductor characterization system under an optical microscope for in-situ observations. Anodic polarization test (APT) was carried out to study the correlation between corrosion properties of Sn and its ECM behaviour. The products of ECM were characterized by scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy dispersive X-rays spectrometer (SEM/ EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The results confirm that the rate of anodic dissolution of Sn monotonously increases with Br− concentration. However, the probability of ECM failure follows a normal distribution initially, but later increases with the Br− concentration. The main products of the ECM reactions are identified as Sn dendrites and tin hydroxide precipitates. The mechanism of the ECM process of Sn in the presence of Br− is also suggested.
Optimization of Air Traffic Management Efficiency Based on Deep Learning Enriched by the Long Short-term Memory(LSTM) and Extreme Learning Machine(ELM)
Authors: Aghdam Mahdi Yousefzadeh , Kamel Seyed Reza , Chabok Seyed Javad Mahdavi , khairabadi maryam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Air traffic management refers to the activities required for the efficient and safe management of the national air system (NAS) for each country. This concept has been widely assessed due to its complexity and sensitivity for the beneficiaries, including passengers, airlines, regulatory agencies, and other organizations. To date, various methods (e.g., statistical and fuzzy techniques) and data mining algorithms (e.g., neural network) have been used to solve the issues of air traffic management (ATM) and delay the minimization problems. However, each of these techniques has some disadvantages, such as overlooking the data, computational complexities, and uncertainty. The present study aimed to increase ATM efficiency using the deep learning approach. The main research objective was to propose a deep learning model with the application of a long short-term memory-based deep learning model in order to increase the predictive accuracy in short daily and long-term annual windows by enhancing deep learning (two-dimensional). In addition, the deep model output was transferred to the extreme learning machine fast learning deep neural machine in order to calculate the estimated time of arrival real-time based on other similar input data, including the NAS data, bureau of transportation statistics system, and automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast system. The final results indicated the increased accuracy of ATM compared to other studies.
CaReAl: Capturing Read Alignments in a BAM file Rapidly and Conveniently
Authors: Park Yoomi , Seo Heewon , Yoo Kyunghun , Kim Ju Han 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Some of the variants detected by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) is often not reproducible. To minimize the technical-induced artifacts, secondary experimental validation is required but this step is unnecessarily slow and expensive. Thus, developing a rapid and ease to use visualization tool is necessary to systematically review the statuses of sequence read alignments. Here, we developed a high-performance alignment capturing tool, CaReAl, for visualizing the read-alignment status of nucleotide sequences and associated genome features. CaReAl is optimized for the systematic exploration of regions of interest by visualizing full-depth read-alignment statuses in a set of PNG files. CaReAl was 7.5 times faster than IGV ‘snapshot’, the only stand-alone tool which provides automated snapshot of sequence reads. This rapid user-programmable capturing tool is useful for obtaining read-level data for evaluating variant calls and detecting technical biases. The multithreading and sequential wide-genome-range-capturing functionalities of CaReAl aid the efficient manual review and evaluation of genome sequence alignments and variant calls. CaReAl is a rapid and convenient tool for capturing aligned reads in BAM. CaReAl will facilitate the acquisition of highly curated data for obtaining reliable analytic results.
Circulating Chemokine Levels and the Development of Allergic Phenotypes from Infancy to Adolescence: A Population-Based Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Huoman Johanna , Haider Sadia , Simpson Angela , Murray Clare S , Custovic Adnan , Jenmalm Maria C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Chemokines are important mediators in immune cell recruitment, contributing to allergy development. However, extensive studies of chemokines in the circulation in relation to the presence and development of allergic diseases remain scarce.Objective: To investigate associations of circulating allergy-related chemokines with development of asthma and sensitisation cross-sectionally and longitudinally in a population-based cohort. Methods: The chemokines CCL17, CCL22, CXCL10, CXCL11 and CCL18 were measured in plasma samples from children in a population-based birth cohort. Samples were available from cord blood at birth (n=376) and age 1 (n=195) and 8 years (n=334). Cross-sectional and longitudinal association analyses were performed in relation to asthma and allergic sensitisation, as well as allergic phenotype clusters previously derived using machine learning in the same study population.Results: In children with asthma and/or allergic sensitisation, CCL18 levels at ages 1 and/or 8 were consistently elevated. In a longitudinal model which included information on asthma from 4 time-points (ages 5, 8, 11 and 16 years), we observed a significant association between increasing levels of CCL18 at age 1 year and a higher risk of asthma from early school age to adolescence (OR=2.9, 95% CI 1.1-7.6, p=0.028). We observed similar associations in longitudinal models for allergic sensitisation. Asthma later in life was preceded by increased CXCL10 levels after birth, and decreased CXCL11 levels at birth. Conclusion: Elevated CCL18 levels throughout childhood foreshadow the development of asthma and allergic sensitisation. The Th1-associated chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL11 were also associated with development of both outcomes, with differential temporal effects.
Combination of Nephrolepis Exaltata - Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis Herbal Mask Protect The Sinonasal Immune System and Increase Lung Function of Motorcycle Taxi Drivers
Authors: Prasetyo Awal , Sabila Aulia Arinindya , Dairiyanti Anugraheni , Aufa Muhammad Hanif , Antari Arlita Leniseptaria , Sadhana Udadi , Miranti Ika Pawitra , Kristina Tri Nur 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background:Combination of Nephrolepis exaltata - Hibiscus rosa sinensis (NEHRS) herbal mask proved to decrease nasal mucociliary transport time, increase sinonasal IgA and lung function in textile industry workers. Its protection effect on motorcycle taxi drivers exposed to acute motor vehicle exhaust pollutants has not been proven. The study aimed to demonstrate the protective effect of using NEHRS herbal mask both in the sinonasal immune system and lung function.Methods:This research was non-blinded randomized control trial with pre-post test design. Thirty two motorcycle taxi drivers were randomly assigned into three groups; positive control (n=11) using regular medical mask, negative control (n=10) using nonwoven cloth mask, and intervention group using NEHRS herbal mask (n = 11). Nasal wash was taken by ENT specialist, and the level of sinonasal IgA and IL-6 was reading by ELISA. Pulmonary function parameters were performed using the MAS-1-A spirometer, Data were analyzed with Wilcoxon, Paired t-test, Mann Whitney and One-way ANOVAResults: Sinonasal IgA level were significant decrease in all groups, respectively; intervention 16.31 ± 3.38; control (+)16.24 ± 2.62; control (-)15.28 ± 2.50. The IL-6 level also decrease in all groups in significantly difference (p=0.031), the delta were; intervention -6.92 ± 8.61; control (+) -10.23 ± 7.65; control (-)-8.56 ± 4.37. A significant increased of FEV1 (p=0,005) and PEF (p = 0,005) in the intervention group, but nearly significant of FVC (p=0,053), as well as in control (+); FVC (p=0,017), FEV1 (p=0,005), PEF (p<0,001), and control negatif; FVC (p=0,046), FEV1 (p=0,010), PEF (p=0,005). The test for difference of increasing FVC (p=0,652), FEV1 (p=0,696) and PEF (p=0,670) between all groups not significantly different.Conclusions: NEHRS Herbal mask that worn by motorcycle taxi drivers for 2 weeks decreased IgA and IL-6 sinonasal levels, as well as increased FVC, FEV1, and PEF.
What kind of man gets depressed after having a baby?
Authors: Hambidge Sarah , Cowell Amy , Arden-Close Emily , Mayers Andrew 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: To date, information and support has been focused on mothers, with evidence that healthcare professionals overlook fathers’ mental health, and that fathers receive little or no support for themselves during the perinatal period. However, recently, fathers’ mental health has become an area of interest. Methods: This study explored the support fathers receive for their own mental health during the perinatal period. A qualitative questionnaire was distributed on social media networks and completed by twenty-nine fathers. Results: Thematic analysis produced three main themes: Factors Influencing Fathers’ Mental Health, Consequences of Poor Mental Health in Fathers and Solutions to Improve Fathers’ Mental Health. Conclusions: The findings from this study highlighted important implications about fathers’ mental health and the need to support them more effectively. Fathers’ reluctance to seek support and the limited support available need to be addressed. Fathers in this study perceived that perinatal health professionals view ‘mothers as the priority’. It is clear that health professionals need more training on how to recognise that fathers are also important and need support for their mental health.