bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the Development of Colonoscopy Competence Using Assessment Data
Authors: Jeyalingam Thurarshen , Walsh Catharine M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Assessment of endoscopist competence is an increasingly important component of colonoscopy quality assurance. In this study from the Joint Advisory Group on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, validity evidence is provided for the use of the Direct Observation of Procedural Skills assessment tool in the formative setting during training. In this national UK dataset, overall colonoscopy competence was typically achieved after 200–249 procedures, although certain complex procedural skills (“proactive problem solving” and “loop management”) had not reached the threshold for competence even after 300 procedures. These data will help inform the development and/or refinement of certification policies and practices in jurisdictions around the world.
Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous silica SBA-15 by adjusting hydrothermal treatment time and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Thahir Ridhawati , Wahab Abdul Wahid , Nafie Nursiah La , Raya Indah 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe high surface area of mesoporous silica SBA-15 has been synthesized successfully by hydrothermal treatment with direct addition of PVA, triblock copolymer (P123) as a direct structure agent and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a precursor. The mesoporous silica SBA-15 have been characterized with nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Measurement of nitrogen sorption indicated that with the addition of PVA, the surface area is increased but the pore volume and pore diameter is not significantly. The short time of hydrothermal treatment (20 h) and using x-ray diffraction, showed that the morphological structure of silica SBA-15 can be changed to a orthorhombic crystal system. The result of the FTIR and SEM-EDX characteristic indicated the functional groups and morphology of the SBA-15 with a narrow pore size distribution. The BET method has exhibited the largest surface area 1726 m2/g, pore volume 1.4 cm3/g, and pore diameter 3.2 nm. It can be suggested that the silica mesoporous SBA-15 will have potential application prospect in catalysis, storage, and adsorbent.
A dinuclear Eu(III) complex in the crystal structure of dodecaaqua-bis(μ2-4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzoato-κ2
O:O′) bis(5-(4-carboxylatophenyl)tetrazol-1-ide) tetrahydrate, C32H50Eu2N16O24
Authors: Zhu Min , Song Wen-Qi , Miao Zong-Cheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
C32H50Eu2N16O24, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.685(5) Å, b = 13.482(5) Å, c = 23.240(5) Å, β = 93.578(5)°, V = 2403.2(19) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0235, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0577, T = 293 K.
The Innovation Perspective of the Acquirers: Empirical Evidence Regarding Patent-Driven M&As
Authors: Aevoae George Marian , Dicu Roxana , Mardiros Daniela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEconomic entities get involved in mergers and acquisitions (M&As) because they are interested in external growth strategies which can lead to an increase in the wealth of the shareholders of the participating entities. In M&As, from an acquirer or a target’s perspective, a company brings its resources, which can be material or immaterial (knowledge). In the post-M&A phase, through the integration process the shareholders expect synergy gains, or that the combined firms to report efficiency gains higher than if they would activate separately. In nowadays, in a boundaryless economy, one of the most appreciated resources is knowledge. In this respect, the intangible assets, in general, and patents, in particular, are the accounting representation of knowledge in a company. They are also considered to be predictors for the deal value paid to the target company. To those we add the size of the target company, its core activity and the value of the research and development expenses, the latter being a significant mediator variable for the proposed models.
Is the Religious Orientation A Determinant of the Entrepreneurial Intentions? A Study on the Romanian Students
Authors: Popescu Cristian C. , Maxim Andrei , Maxim Laura Diaconu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The specialized literature offers relevant support for the idea that the entrepreneurship and the private initiative represent the foundation of the economic growth. Despite this evidence, there are a lot of debates regarding the influence of the different religious orientations on the intention to become an entrepreneur. The purpose of the present paper is to analyze the impact that religion has on the entrepreneurial intentions of the Romanian students. To achieve this objective, the research methods consisted in an extensive investigation of the specialized literature and in empirical research, conducted on a sample of 682 Romanian students. Our results underline that the young Orthodox individuals are more optimistic regarding their future ability to develop businesses than the Roman-Catholics. Yet, this optimism has not been proven by the assessment of their personality traits, which may be very important for the business success.
Definition of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise under the Guidelines of the European Union
Authors: Raczyńska Monika 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Research problem: It should be remembered that projects co-financed from European Union funds are a special type of projects to which additional guidelines apply. Awareness of the regulation may help enterprises avoid erroneous categorization or loss of SME status resulting in non-awarding or reimbursement of subsidies with tax interest. The problem is still valid, because EU projects are and will be implemented and must preserve the so-called durability. The validity of the topic can be confirmed by the fact that definitional problems appear all the time, which are even dealt with in court.
Thesis: The definition of micro, small and medium enterprises under the European Union guidelines requires special attention when applying for EU funding.
The aim of the article is to present the issues related to the qualification of an entity to the category of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the context of using EU funds.
The research methods were applied in the article: in the theoretical part – literature studies, comparative analysis, in the empirical part – case study, causal and effect analysis, descriptive analysis.
Opioid-Sparing Multimodal Analgesia After Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy
Authors: Shao Belinda , Tariq Abdul A. , Goldstein Hannah E. , Alexiades Nikita G. , Mar Krista M. , Feldstein Neil A. , Anderson Richard C.E. , Giordano Mirna 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Multimodal analgesia (MMA) may reduce opioid use among children who are hospitalized, and may contribute toward enhanced recovery after selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) for patients with spasticity in pediatric cerebral palsy. In this retrospective cohort study, we assess an MMA protocol consisting of scheduled nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug doses (ketorolac or ibuprofen), alternating with scheduled acetaminophen and diazepam doses, with as-needed opioids. It was hypothesized that protocol use would be associated with reductions in opioid requirements and other clinical improvements.

METHODS:
Data were obtained for 52 patients undergoing SDR at an academic tertiary care pediatric hospital (2012–2017, with the protocol implemented in 2014). Using a retrospective cohort design, we compared outcomes between protocol and nonprotocol patients, employing both univariate t test and Wilcoxon rank test comparisons as well as multivariable regression methods. The primary outcome was total as-needed opioid requirements over postoperative days (PODs) 0 to 2, measured in oral morphine milligram equivalents per kilogram. Additional outcomes included antiemetic medication doses, discharge opioid prescriptions, total direct cost, and length of stay.

RESULTS:
Twelve patients received the MMA protocol, and 40 patients did not. POD-0 MMA initiation was independently associated with a reduction of 0.14 morphine milligram equivalents per kilogram in mean opioid requirements over PODs 0 to 2 in the multiple regression analysis (95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.28; P = .04). No statistically significant differences were demonstrated in doses of antiemetic medications, discharge opioid prescriptions, total direct cost, and length of stay.

CONCLUSIONS:
This MMA protocol may help reduce opioid use after SDR. Improving protocol implementation in a prospective, multisite study will help elucidate further MMA effects on pain, costs, and recovery.
Structured Chart Review: Assessment of a Structured Chart Review Methodology
Authors: Siems Ashley , Banks Russell , Holubkov Richard , Meert Kathleen L. , Bauerfeld Christian , Beyda David , Berg Robert A. , Bulut Yonca , Burd Randall S. , Carcillo Joseph , Dean J. Michael , Gradidge Eleanor , Hall Mark W. , McQuillen Patrick S. , Mourani Peter M. , Newth Christopher J.L. , Notterman Daniel A. , Priestley Margaret A. , Sapru Anil , Wessel David L. , Yates Andrew R. , Zuppa Athena F. , Pollack Murray M. 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Chart reviews are frequently used for research, care assessments, and quality improvement activities despite an absence of data on reliability and validity. We aim to describe a structured chart review methodology and to establish its validity and reliability.

METHODS:
A generalizable structured chart review methodology was designed to evaluate causes of morbidity or mortality and to identify potential therapeutic advances. The review process consisted of a 2-tiered approach with a primary review completed by a site physician and a short secondary review completed by a central physician. A total of 327 randomly selected cases of known mortality or new morbidities were reviewed. Validity was assessed by using postreview surveys with a Likert scale. Reliability was assessed by percent agreement and interrater reliability.

RESULTS:
The primary reviewers agreed or strongly agreed in 94.9% of reviews that the information to form a conclusion about pathophysiological processes and therapeutic advances could be adequately found. They agreed or strongly agreed in 93.2% of the reviews that conclusions were easy to make, and confidence in the process was 94.2%. Secondary reviewers made modifications to 36.6% of cases. Duplicate reviews (n = 41) revealed excellent percent agreement for the causes (80.5%–100%) and therapeutic advances (68.3%–100%). κ statistics were strong for the pathophysiological categories but weaker for the therapeutic categories.

CONCLUSIONS:
A structured chart review by knowledgeable primary reviewers, followed by a brief secondary review, can be valid and reliable.
Older people in the information society
Authors: Marcinkiewicz-Wilk Aleksandra 
Published: January 2020

This paper focuses on the situation of older people in the information society. In the theoretical part of article phenomena of aging population and information society were described. This paper includes results of research conducted in qualitative strategy. The method of collecting data was biographical method. The method for data processing was qualitative content analysis. In the research 2 older, educationally active people took part.
Results of research shows how older people understand the information society and what risk and opportunities they notice in this new reality. Narratives of the respondents indicated that education is of crucial importance for participation in the information society. Older people who take part in lifelong learning cope better with the new reality than people who do not learn.
Based on the research results we can point out areas of education which should be development. Moreover, it is visible that educational activity of older people is very important in adaptation to the information society. Narratives of seniors indicate reasons for the lack of educational activity of other seniors. According to this, it can be specified what action should be undertaken to prevent the exclusion of older people in this new reali
Educational context of time from the perspective of adult development
Authors: Semków Jerzy 
Published: January 2020

The basic assumption is that time, which regulates our existence in the world, is the special medium and that there are “costs (lost opportunities) associated with not investing time wisely” (Zimbardo, & Boyd, 2009, p. 19). The diverse attitudes of certain individuals towards time may be viewed from various perspectives. The author reflects on the time phenomenon from the perspective of learning adults, with regard to three life periods in the process indentified in andragogy as maturing to adulthood. In early adulthood time is especially significant as people assume the role of the ones responsible for their professional development and their family. In the second stage – middle adulthood – due to varying evaluations of their achievements, time is treated either as a friend or as an enemy. In this situation undertaking learning activity becomes a springboard, some kind of antidote to the emerging life problems. It may also bring about fundamental disturbances to the psycho-social balance of an adult person, such as change of his living environment. The value of time as a non-renewable good increases significantly in late adulthood, after crossing the threshold of 60. This refers particularly to people who consider old age as an important stage of life. Thus, temporal perspective in each stage of adulthood varies, especially when learning is a regular part of life activities of an adult person
Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of SOGS-RA in the Polish Version
Authors: Jarczyńska Jolanta 
Published: January 2020

Objective: The objective was to adapt the American pathological gambling screening tool /SOGS-RA The South Oaks Gambling Screen - Revised for Adolescent/ by K. Winters, R. Stinchfield and J. Fulkerson (1993) and to evaluate its psychometric properties.
Method: The adapted tool was used in research on a randomly selected sample of 2,617 adolescents aged 13-20 years in the 2012/2013 school year.
Results: On the SOGS-RA scale, 2.6% of the trial participants achieved a score indicating past year problem gambling before the survey, 4.1% were classified as problem gamblers, whereas 17.3% of adolescents engaged in social gambling that did not pose a problem gambling risk at the time. The SOGS-RA demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78).
Conclusions: The Polish adaptation of the SOGS-RA scale is reliable and accurate, which is why it is worth recommending it for use in further research on Polish adolescents.
An Investigation of the Relationship between Digital Game Addiction, Gender and Regular Sport Participation
Authors: Ekinci Nurullah Emir , Ustun Umit Dogan , Ozer Omer 
Published: January 2020

This study aims to investigate digital game addiction of high school students according to gender and regular sport participation. For this 398 high school students who were randomly chosen voluntarily participated in the study. In addition to personal information from the Turkish version of Lemmens and colleagues’a game addiction scale was used as a data gathering tool. The Turkish adaptation of the scale was done by Aylin Yalcın Irmak and Semra Erdogan in 2015. The Turkish version of the scale consists of one factor and seven items anchored with a five Likert type scale. In the evaluation of the data linear regression was used. The findings of this study revealed that there was a positive relationship between gender and digital game addiction
Which theory of communication is “political correctness”?
Authors: Konye Michael Nnamdi 
Published: January 2020

The paper focuses on ‟political correctness”, which has become a late 20th century catch-phrase in Western European and North American liberal democracies but also has found currency in the political climate of the Asian and Eastern countries. A historical and multi-cultural review is intended as an introduction to a broader philosophical analysis of the Marxist backgrounds of political correctness and its neo-Marxist theoretical correctives in Jürgen Habermas’s theory of communicative action. My aim is to draw out both the educational and cultural implications of laying out the ethos of contemporary discourse on the foundations of the evolving dynamics of the rhetoric of political correctness.
Application of action research methodology in the process of developing tools and solutions used in social practice in the field of the social exclusion phenomenan
Authors: Potorska Alicja Barbara 
Published: January 2020

This aim of this article is to present the research process using the action research method in the project titled“Development of the empowerment of educators and beneficiaries in the field of youth at risk and social exclusion” implemented within the Erasmus Plus programme in which the author of this article participated. The process of operationalisation of the social exclusion category and the characteristics of the methodology of action research were performed in this article. The project objectives were set out and the team appointed to carry out the research on the issue of the development of the empowerment of educators and beneficiaries working with adults at risk of social exclusion was described. The article subjects the research process implemented by the team of investigators to analysis and identifies the turning points in this process. Conclusions concerning the specificity and usefulness of action research in searching for social practice solutions in the field of social exclusion have also been provided on the basis of practical experience.
DEVELOPMENT OF CAREER MANAGEMENT SKILLS OF NEW PODOLOGISTS FOR WORK IN A MULTICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Saulite Marite , Andersone Rudīte 
Published: January 2020

Because of the affections of globalization process and because of the changes in social-political situation in world, multicultural environment in Latvia is also changing. Latvia becomes more and more attractive for foreign citizens from Europe the same as for citizens from elsewhere, that choose to settle down here permanently or only for a period of time. That is considerable challenge for education and healthcare.
Workers in field of medicine, and podologs as well, must guide their professional carreer development in mutable multicultural environment. That is why needs of joung specialists are changing too-with knowledge, skills and competencies necessary in proffession, specialists must develop creativity and critical thinking, insight of values and culture, humanism and citizenship, decision-making and problem- solving skills as well as entrepreneurial abilities and communication skills.
In process of prepearing new podologs for work in multicultural environment more important becomes development of those personal attributes set, that are made of tact and diplomacy, as well as development of basic skill set, that includes learning skill and skill to make compromises, but career management skill set development is characterized by ability to collaborate, ability to notice changes in working environment and ability to give support.
The goal of this article is to describe, theoreticaly and empyricaly, the development of necessary carreer management skills for work in multicultural environment to new podologs.
Keywords: career management skills, study process, podologist, multicultural environment
Self(ie)-esteem? – A manifestation of adolescent self-creating endeavours in the virtual space of Facebook
Authors: Fejes-Vékássy Lili 
Published: January 2020

In the centre of our interest stand the manifestations of adolescent self-creating endeavours in the virtual space of the social media portal called Facebook. Frequent self-photography (selfie) making, as a pronounced cultural feature of contemporary youth, and regular activity on Facebook handled as tightly connected factors; we propose that youngsters, bearing these attributes, have a different self-esteem than those adolescents who rarely or never take any photographs of themselves. In the first, quantitative part of our research the participants (N=80) filled in the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and a questionnaire containing questions in connection with Facebook-usage (compiled by us). In the qualitative part of the research the participants took part in a half-structured interview, containing questions in connection with selfie­-making (also compiled by us). Our hypothesis was not proven by the statistical analysis, no connection could be testified between frequent selfie-making and low self-esteem.
Keywords: selfie, self-esteem, adolescence, social media, Facebook
The Analysis of the ADHD child Accident incident rates in school environment
Authors: Dončevová Lucie 
Published: January 2020

Aim. The main objective of this article is to contribute to the research in the area of accident incident rates among school children.
Methods. A non-standardized, 12-item questionnaire based on independent compilation was used for data collection. The questionnaire contained closed questions which monitor the nature of school-related injuries, gender and age of respondents.
Results. 100 students with diagnosed ADHD and 100 children without ADHD diagnosis participated in the research. The accident and incident data were collected between September 2016 and June 2017. Out of 100 given questionnaires filled by ADHD children, the result shows that 49% of them experienced an injury in school and children without ADHD diagnosis reported injury in only 26% of cases, which means that roughly every second child with a Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder experienced an injury some time during the school year during class, whereas among neurotypical children this ratio would refer to every fourth child.
Conclusions. The results of the analysts pointed at the possible need of informing all staff involved in the education system of ADHD children about the risks of injury in school environment and thus support the prevention of injuries, support the prevention programs which would be focused on children with attention disorders.
Writing what is told
Authors: Gańko Anna 
Published: January 2020

Aim. The aim of this paper is to depict difficulties in presenting ethnographically collected narratives - recorded and transcripted – as written texts. Multifaceted fieldwork experience when translated into form required in academic work is unavoidably reduced. It losts variety of aspects impossible to express just by written language required by academic discourse. Simultaneously written language is influencing and shaping pre-textual fieldwork experience.
Method. The study is a theoretical afterthought based on the fieldwork experience gained during research concerning modes of constructing reminiscent narratives in one of lower-silesian villages in years 2013-2016.
Resullt and Conclusions. The analysis shows indispensable impact of medium of written language of process of gaining and presenting ethnographical knowledge. It presents its influence and limitations in the process of building fieldwork experience.