bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of mindfulness training on extinction retention
Authors: Björkstrand Johannes , Schiller Daniela , Li Jian , Davidson Per , Rosén Jörgen , Mårtensson Johan , Kirk Ulrich 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnxiety and trauma related disorders are highly prevalent, causing suffering and high costs for society. Current treatment strategies, although effective, only show moderate effect-sizes when compared to adequate control groups demonstrating a need to develop new forms of treatment or optimize existing ones. In order to achieve this, an increased understanding of what mechanisms are involved is needed. An emerging literature indicates that mindfulness training (MFT) can be used to treat fear and anxiety related disorders, but the treatment mechanisms are unclear. One hypothesis, largely based on findings from neuroimaging studies, states that MFT may improve extinction retention, but this has not been demonstrated empirically. To investigate this question healthy subjects either completed a 4-week MFT- intervention delivered through a smart-phone app (n = 14) or were assigned to a waitlist (n = 15). Subsequently, subjects participated in a two-day experimental protocol using pavlovian aversive conditioning, evaluating acquisition and extinction of threat-related responses on day 1, and extinction retention on day 2. Results showed that the MFT group displayed reduced spontaneous recovery of threat related arousal responses, as compared to the waitlist control group, on day 2. MFT did not however, have an effect on either the acquisition or extinction of conditioned responses day 1. This clarifies the positive effect of MFT on emotional functioning and could have implications for the treatment of anxiety and trauma related disorders.
Optimization of tunable guided-mode resonance filter based on refractive index modulation of graphene
Authors: Lee Hwa-Seub , Kwak Joon Young , Seong Tae-Yeon , Hwang Gyu Weon , Kim Won Mok , Kim Inho , Lee Kyeong-Seok 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo fabricate a tunable optical filter with a fast response in the near infrared region, a tunable guided-mode resonance (GMR) filter using graphene was proposed and its performance was optimized. In this study, a rigorous coupled wave analysis method was employed to systematically investigate the effects of geometrical configuration of graphene-integrated GMR filters and the optical properties of constituent materials including graphene on their spectral response in terms of tunability and extinction ratio. It was found that as the graphene is located close to the waveguide and the evanescent-field strength at the interface increases, the GMR filter exhibits better tunability. The bandwidth of the filter could be drastically reduced by adopting a low-index contrast grating layer, so that the extinction ratio of an optical signal could be greatly improved from 0.91 dB to 27.99 dB as the index contrast decreased from 0.99 to 0.47, respectively. Furthermore, new practical device designs, that is easy to fabricate and effectively implement the electric-field doping of graphene at low gate voltage, were also suggested and theoretically validated. These results demonstrate not only the excellent potential of a graphene-based tunable GMR filter but also provide practical design guidelines for optimizing the device performance.
The effect of chemical erosion on mechanical properties and fracture of sandstone under shear loading: an experimental study
Authors: Chen Cancan , Peng Shoujian , Wu Shankang , Xu Jiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn order to study the effect of water-rock interactions on shear strength characteristics, we performed shearing tests under varying hydrochemical environments. Moreover, a custom meso-shear test equipment for coal rock was used for the tests. Through 3D scanning of the shear fractures and scanning electron microscope imaging, we studied the effect of different pH chemical solutions on the shear strength and fracture characteristics of sandstones. We obtained three main results. With increasing solution acidity or alkalinity, water-hemical solution corrosivity increases. Moreover, the shear strength of sandstones reduces almost linearly and the fracture surfaces become smoother. The erosive effect is evidenced by the decrease in fracture surface fluctuations, roughness and the high-order microbulges, and scaling of the grain structure. A collection of characteristic parameters, including the maximum height Sh, the root mean square deviation Sq, the area ratio SA, and the slope root mean square S∆q, can be used to quantitatively describe the rough and irregular texture of the fracture surface.
Cardiac interaction between mother and infant: enhancement of heart rate variability
Authors: Suga Ayami , Uraguchi Maki , Tange Akiko , Ishikawa Hiroki , Ohira Hideki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe vagal activity of infants is represented by heart rate variability (HRV) and associated with both growth and socioemotional development. The enhancement of an infant’s vagal tone activity might be beneficial for development. This study explored whether HRV in infants aged 3–8 months can be enhanced by influencing HRV in mothers (40 dyads). The power of the low frequency (LF) component of maternal HRV was facilitated using slow-paced breathing. We investigated whether the change in maternal HRV affected the LF component in infants held by their mothers. In older infants (N = 14, 6–8 months) the LF power showed an increase during maternal paced breathing, whereas a delayed increase occurred after termination of maternal paced breathing in younger infants (N = 16, 3–5 months). These results show that the effects of maternal cardiac activity on the infant’s HRV are age-dependent. This age-dependent reactivity of the infant’s HRV could be due to the development of the inner model in infants which regulates physiological functions, including cardiac activity. This finding might help develop efficient methods for enhancing vagal nerve activity in infants.
Electrokinetic Mixing for Improving the Kinetics of an HbA1c Immunoassay
Authors: Yasun Emir , Trusty Travis , Abolhosn Rania W. , Clarke Nigel J. , Mezić Igor 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe efficiency of the diagnostic platforms utilizing ELISA technique or immunoassays depends highly on incubation times of the recognition elements or signaling molecules and volume of the patient samples. In conventional immunoassays, long incubation times and excess amounts of the recognition and signaling molecules are used. The technology proposed here uses electrokinetic mixing of the reagents involved in a sandwich immunoassay based diagnostic assay in electrode-enabled microwell plates in such a way that the incubation times and volumes can be reduced substantially. The integration of the electrodes at the bottom of the conventional microwell plates ensures that the motions of the liquid flows in the wells can be controlled through the application of high frequency AC current along these electrodes. The strategy to generate chaotic mixing by modification of standard multiwell plates, enables its use in high throughput screening, in contrast to microfluidic channel-based technologies that are difficult to incorporate into conventional plates. An immunoassay for detection of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) that can reveal a patient’s average level of blood sugar from the past 2–3 months instead of just measuring the current levels and thereby constitutes a reliable diabetes monitoring platform was chosen as a pilot assay for technology demonstration. The overall incubation time for the assay was reduced by approximately a factor of five when electrokinetic mixing was employed. Furthermore, when the quantity of the reagents was reduced by half, almost no distinguishable signals could be obtained with conventional immunoassay, while electrokinetic mixing still facilitated acquisition of signals while varying concentration of the glycated hemoglobin. There was also a substantial difference in the signal intensities especially for the low concentrations of the HbA1c obtained from electrokinetic mixing assisted and conventional immunoassay when the quantity of the reagents and incubation times were kept constant, which is also an indication of the increase in bioassay efficiency. The electrokinetic mixing technique has the potential to improve the efficiency of immunoassay based diagnostic platforms with reduced assay time and reagent amounts, leading to higher throughput analysis of clinical samples. It may also open new avenues in point of care diagnostic devices, where kinetics and sampling size/volume play a critical role.
Rectosigmoidal manifestations of venous malformations: MR imaging findings and interdisciplinary therapeutic modalities
Authors: Brill Richard , Brill Eva , Uller Wibke , Teusch Veronika , Gufler Hubert , Hammer Simone , Fellner Claudia , Evert Katja , Goldann Constantin , Helm Maximilian , Rosendahl Jonas , Wohlgemuth Walter A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the frequency of rectosigmoidal involvement in patients with venous malformations (VM) of the lower extremities and to demonstrate multidisciplinary therapeutic options. The medical records and magnetic resonance images (MRI) of patients with VM of the lower extremities, over a six-year period, were reviewed retrospectively in order to determine the occurrence of rectosigmoidal involvement. Vascular interventions, surgical treatments, percutaneous and hybrid (endoscopy-guided angiography) sclerotherapy and procedural complications (according to Clavien-Dindo classification) were also noted. Of the 378 patients with vascular malformation of the lower limbs, 19 patients (5%) had documented venous rectosigmoidal malformation. All of these 19 patients reported episodes of rectal bleeding, while seven patients (36.8%) also had anemia. All patients underwent endoscopy. By endoscopy, seven patients (36.8%) showed discreet changes, and 12 patients (63.2%) showed pronounced signs of submucosal VM with active (47.3%) or previous (15.7%) bleeding. Treatment was performed in all patients with pronounced findings. Six patients underwent endoscopy-guided hybrid sclerotherapy, one patient underwent endoscopic tissue removal, one patient received percutaneous sclerotherapy and one patient received a combination of transvenous embolization and hybrid sclerotherapy. Three patients required open surgery. No complications occurred after conservative treatments; however, one complication was reported after open surgery. None of the treated patients reported further bleeding and anemia at the end of the follow-up period. In this cohort, rectosigmoidal VM occurred in 5% of patients presenting with a high incidence of rectal bleeding. Percutaneous or endoscopy-guided hybrid sclerotherapy appeared to be a safe and effective alternative to surgery.
Magnetization dynamics of weakly interacting sub-100 nm square artificial spin ices
Authors: Porro Jose M. , Morley Sophie A. , Venero Diego Alba , Macêdo Rair , Rosamond Mark C. , Linfield Edmund H. , Stamps Robert L. , Marrows Christopher H. , Langridge Sean 
Published: December 2019

AbstractArtificial Spin Ice (ASI), consisting of a two dimensional array of nanoscale magnetic elements, provides a fascinating opportunity to observe the physics of out-of-equilibrium systems. Initial studies concentrated on the static, frozen state, whilst more recent studies have accessed the out-of-equilibrium dynamic, fluctuating state. This opens up exciting possibilities such as the observation of systems exploring their energy landscape through monopole quasiparticle creation, potentially leading to ASI magnetricity, and to directly observe unconventional phase transitions. In this work we have measured and analysed the magnetic relaxation of thermally active ASI systems by means of SQUID magnetometry. We have investigated the effect of the interaction strength on the magnetization dynamics at different temperatures in the range where the nanomagnets are thermally active. We have observed that they follow an Arrhenius-type Néel-Brown behaviour. An unexpected negative correlation of the average blocking temperature with the interaction strength is also observed, which is supported by Monte Carlo simulations. The magnetization relaxation measurements show faster relaxation for more strongly coupled nanoelements with similar dimensions. The analysis of the stretching exponents obtained from the measurements suggest 1-D chain-like magnetization dynamics. This indicates that the nature of the interactions between nanoelements lowers the dimensionality of the ASI from 2-D to 1-D. Finally, we present a way to quantify the effective interaction energy of a square ASI system, and compare it to the interaction energy computed with micromagnetic simulations.
Temporal phase unwrapping using deep learning
Authors: Yin Wei , Chen Qian , Feng Shijie , Tao Tianyang , Huang Lei , Trusiak Maciej , Asundi Anand , Zuo Chao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe multi-frequency temporal phase unwrapping (MF-TPU) method, as a classical phase unwrapping algorithm for fringe projection techniques, has the ability to eliminate the phase ambiguities even while measuring spatially isolated scenes or the objects with discontinuous surfaces. For the simplest and most efficient case in MF-TPU, two groups of phase-shifting fringe patterns with different frequencies are used: the high-frequency one is applied for 3D reconstruction of the tested object and the unit-frequency one is used to assist phase unwrapping for the wrapped phase with high frequency. The final measurement precision or sensitivity is determined by the number of fringes used within the high-frequency pattern, under the precondition that its absolute phase can be successfully recovered without any fringe order errors. However, due to the non-negligible noises and other error sources in actual measurement, the frequency of the high-frequency fringes is generally restricted to about 16, resulting in limited measurement accuracy. On the other hand, using additional intermediate sets of fringe patterns can unwrap the phase with higher frequency, but at the expense of a prolonged pattern sequence. With recent developments and advancements of machine learning for computer vision and computational imaging, it can be demonstrated in this work that deep learning techniques can automatically realize TPU through supervised learning, as called deep learning-based temporal phase unwrapping (DL-TPU), which can substantially improve the unwrapping reliability compared with MF-TPU even under different types of error sources, e.g., intensity noise, low fringe modulation, projector nonlinearity, and motion artifacts. Furthermore, as far as we know, our method was demonstrated experimentally that the high-frequency phase with 64 periods can be directly and reliably unwrapped from one unit-frequency phase using DL-TPU. These results highlight that challenging issues in optical metrology can be potentially overcome through machine learning, opening new avenues to design powerful and extremely accurate high-speed 3D imaging systems ubiquitous in nowadays science, industry, and multimedia.
CALR mutations in a cohort of JAK2 V617F negative patients with suspected myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Belcic Mikic Tanja , Pajic Tadej , Sever Matjaz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSuspicion of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and especially essential thrombocythemia (ET) in primary care is often based solely on blood counts, with patients referred to a haematologist without a thorough evaluation. We retrospectively assessed the role of calreticulin gene (CALR) mutations in the diagnosis of MPN in this population. We studied CALR mutations in 524 JAK2 V617F-negative patients with suspected MPN. Uncommon CALR mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and searched for in the COSMIC or HGMD database. Mutations were defined as frameshift or non-frameshift mutations. CALR mutations were detected in 23 patients (23/524 = 4.4%). Four mutations detected in our study were newly identified mutations. Non-frameshift mutations were detected in two patients. Most patients (380/524 = 72.5%) were diagnosed with secondary conditions leading to blood count abnormalities such as iron deficiency, inflammatory and infectious diseases, malignancy and hyposplenism. Nine patients (9/23 = 39%) were retrospectively diagnosed with ET based on CALR mutation confirmation. Two patients with non-frameshift CALR mutations were diagnosed with reactive thrombocytosis and MPN unclassifiable, respectively. Our study showed that CALR mutations are important, non-invasive diagnostic indicators of ET and can aid in its diagnosis. Moreover, the type of CALR mutation must be accurately defined, as non-frameshift mutations may not be associated with ET. Finally, CALR mutation detection should be reserved for patients with high suspicion of clonal haematological disease.
Measurement of Retinal Microvascular Blood Velocity Using Erythrocyte Mediated Velocimetry
Authors: Tracey Breanna M. , Mayo Lakyn N. , Le Christopher T. , Chen Victoria Y. , Weichsel Julian , Renner Corinne Y. , Li Jiaqi , Tsai Joby J. , Kalarn Sachin P. , Ou Michael T. , Chang Luke Y. , Mohammed Taariq K. , Mohammed Isa S. K. , Shah Khelly A. , Thompson Ginger M. , Jones Anja M. K. , Im Lily T. , Kaleem Mona A. , Saeedi Osamah J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChanges in retinal blood flow may be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and other ocular diseases. Erythrocyte mediated velocimetry (EMV) is a novel technique where indocyanine green (ICG) dye is sequestered in erythrocyte ghosts and autologously re-injected to allow direct visualization of erythrocytes for in vivo measurement of speed. The purpose of this study is to determine the mean erythrocyte speed in the retinal microvasculature, as well as the intravisit and intervisit variability of EMV. Data from 23 EMV sessions from control, glaucoma suspect, and glaucoma patients were included in this study. In arteries with an average diameter of 43.11 µm ± 6.62 µm, the mean speed was 7.17 mm/s ± 2.35 mm/s. In veins with an average diameter of 45.87 µm ± 12.04 µm, the mean speed was 6.05 mm/s ± 1.96 mm/s. Intravisit variability, as measured by the mean coefficient of variation, was 3.57% (range 0.44–9.68%). Intervisit variability was 4.85% (range 0.15–8.43%). EMV may represent reliable method for determination of retinal blood speed, potentially allowing insights into the effects of pharmacologic agents or pathogenesis of ocular diseases.
Role of climate variability in the potential predictability of tropical cyclone formation in tropical and subtropical western North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Chang Yu-Lin K. , Miyazawa Yasumasa , Behera Swadhin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe out of phase tropical cyclone (TC) formation in the subtropical and tropical western North Pacific associated with local low-level wind vorticity anomaly, driven by the remote central and eastern equatorial Pacific warming/cooling, is investigated based on the reanalysis and observational data in the period of 1979−2017. TC frequencies in the subtropical and tropical western North Pacific appear to be connected to different remote heating/cooling sources and are linked to eastern and central Pacific warming/cooling, which are in turn related to canonical El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and ENSO Modoki, respectively. TCs formed in subtropics (SfTC) are generally found to be associated with a dipole in wind vorticity anomaly, which is driven by the tropical eastern Pacific warming/cooling. Tropically formed TCs (TfTC) are seen to be triggered by the single-core of wind vorticity anomaly locally associated with the warming/cooling of central and eastern Pacific. The predicted ENSOs and ENSO Modokis, therefore, provide a potential source of seasonal predictability for SfTC and TfTC frequencies.
Comparative antibacterial activities of neutral electrolyzed oxidizing water and other chlorine-based sanitizers
Authors: Ogunniyi Abiodun D. , Dandie Catherine E. , Ferro Sergio , Hall Barbara , Drigo Barbara , Brunetti Gianluca , Venter Henrietta , Myers Baden , Deo Permal , Donner Erica , Lombi Enzo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere is increasing demand for safe and effective sanitizers for irrigation water disinfection to prevent transmission of foodborne pathogens to fresh produce. Here we compared the efficacy of pH-neutral electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) against single and mixed populations of E. coli, Listeria and Salmonella under a range of pH and organic matter content. EOW treatment of the mixed bacterial suspension resulted in a dose-dependent (<1 mg/L free chlorine), rapid (<2 min) and effective (4–6 Log10) reduction of the microbial load in water devoid of organic matter under the range of pH conditions tested (pH, 6.0, 7.0, 8.4 and 9.2). The efficacy of EOW containing 5 mg/L free chlorine was unaffected by increasing organic matter, and compared favourably with equivalent concentrations of NaClO and ClO2. EOW at 20 mg/L free chlorine was more effective than NaClO and ClO2 in reducing bacterial populations in the presence of high (20–100 mg/L) dissolved organic carbon, and no regrowth or metabolic activity was observed for EOW-treated bacteria at this concentration upon reculturing in rich media. Thus, EOW is as effective or more effective than other common chlorine-based sanitizers for pathogen reduction in contaminated water. EOW’s other characteristics, such as neutral pH and ease of handling, indicate its suitability for fresh produce sanitation.
Genome-wide identification, phylogeny and expression analysis of the PME and PMEI gene families in maize
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Wang Hao , Qin Xiner , Chen Kuan , Zhao Jiuran , Zhao Yanxin , Yue Bing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPectins, the major components of cell walls in plants, are synthesized and secreted to cell walls as highly methyl-esterified polymers and then demethyl-esterified by pectin methylesterases (PMEs). The PMEs are spatially regulated by pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs). In this study, 43 and 49 putativePMEandPMEIgenes were identified in maize, respectively. Gene structure and motif analysis revealed that members in the same paralogous pairs or in the same subgroup generally had common motif compositions and gene structure patterns, which indicates functional similarity between the closely relatedZmPME/PMEIgenes. Gene ontology annotation analysis showed that most of theZmPME/PMEIgenes are involved in cell wall modification and pectin catabolic process with molecular functions of pectinesterase or pectinesterase inhibitor activities. There are 35ZmPME/PMEIgenes expressed higher in anthers than in other tissues from the NimbleGen maize microarray data, and the semiq-RT-PCR assay revealed most of these ZmPME/PMEIs specially expressed in anthers and pollens, indicating they possibly had role in anther and pollen development. In addition, theseZmPME/PMEIgenes were highly expressed in the fertile anthers, while lowly or no expressed in sterile anthers. This further indicated these genes might be involved in the development of anther and pollen.