bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory of mind and loneliness: Effects of a conversation‐based training at school
Authors: Caputi Marcella , Cugnata Federica , Brombin Chiara 
Published: August 2020

Conversation‐based training programmes are known to be effective in enhancing theory of mind (ToM). The possible consequences of such training programmes on the understanding of other constructs have rarely been investigated. The present research aimed to evaluate the effects of two different types of conversation‐based training on ToM and loneliness. Two hundred and ten fourth and fifth graders (52% boys; Mage = 9.66 years, SD = 0.85), randomly divided into two groups (ToM and no‐ToM training condition), were administered at a 5‐week intervention. ToM and loneliness were measured before and twice after the intervention (1 week and 2 months later). Linear mixed‐effects models showed that, soon after the intervention, children in the ToM training condition obtained significantly higher ToM scores and significantly lower loneliness scores compared to children in the no‐ToM training condition. Nonetheless, at the follow‐up, ToM and loneliness scores were not significantly different for the two training conditions. These findings suggest that a relatively short intervention based on group discussion of mental states is sufficient to improve mentalizing abilities and to tackle feelings of loneliness among fourth and fifth graders in the short but not in the long term.
Comparison of Vertebral and Femoral Strength Between White and Asian Adults Using Finite Element Analysis of Computed Tomography Scans
Authors: Hong Namki , Lee David C , Khosla Sundeep , Keaveny Tony M , Rhee Yumie 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Given non-optimal testing rates for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the high use of computed tomography (CT) in some Asian countries, biomechanical computed tomography analysis (BCT)-based bone strength testing, which utilizes previously taken clinical CT scans, may improve osteoporosis testing rates. However, an understanding of ethnic differences in such bone strength measurements between Whites and Asians is lacking, which is an obstacle to clinical interpretation. Using previously taken CT and DXA scans, we analyzed bone strength and bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and spine in two sex- and age-matched community-based cohorts, aged 40 to 80 years: Whites (Rochester, MN, USA) and Koreans (Seoul, South Korea). For both the spine and femur, the age dependence of bone strength was similar for both groups, White (n = 371; women n = 202, 54.5%) and Korean (n = 396; women n = 199, 50.3%). For both sexes, mean spine strength did not differ between groups, but femur strength was 9% to 14% higher in Whites (p ≤ 0.001), an effect that became non-significant after weight adjustment (p = 0.375). For Koreans of both sexes, the fragile bone strength thresholds for classifying osteoporosis, when derived from regional DXA BMD T-score references, equaled the clinically validated thresholds for Whites (in women and men, femoral strength, 3000 N and 3500 N; vertebral strength 4500 N and 6500 N, respectively). Using these thresholds, classifications for osteoporosis for Koreans based on bone strength versus based on DXA BMD T-scores were consistent (89.1% to 94.4% agreement) at both the hip and spine and for both sexes. The BCT-based, clinically validated bone strength thresholds for Whites also applied to Koreans, which may facilitate clinical interpretation of CT-based bone strength measurements for Koreans. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Increased expression of plasma hsa‐miR‐181a in male patients with heroin addiction use disorder
Authors: Xu Wenjin , Zhao Ming , Lin Zi , Liu Haixiong , Ma Hong , Hong Qingxiao , Gui Donghui , Feng Jiying , Liu Yue , Zhou Wenhua , Liu Huifen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDrug addiction is an uncontrolled, chronic, and recurrent encephalopathy that presently lacks specific and characteristic biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. As regulators of gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in various disease states. Previous studies indicated that miRNAs play important roles in the development and progression of drug addictions, including addiction to methamphetamine, cocaine, alcohol, and heroin.MethodsWe identified significant miRNAs using the microarray method and then validated the hsa‐miR‐181a expression levels in 53 heroin addiction patients and 49 normal controls using quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Finally, the potential associations between transcriptional levels in heroin addiction patients and their clinicopathological features were analyzed.ResultsA total of 2006 miRNAs were differentially expressed between heroin addiction patients and normal controls. The top 10 up‐regulated miRNAs in patients were hsa‐miR‐21a, hsa‐miR‐181a, hsa‐miR‐4459, hsa‐miR‐4430, hsa‐miR‐4306, hsa‐miR‐22‐3P, hsa‐miR‐486‐5P, hsa‐miR‐371b‐5P, hsa‐miR‐92a‐3P, and hsa‐miR‐5001‐5P. The top 10 down‐regulated miRNAs in patients were hsa‐miR‐3195, hsa‐miR‐4767, hsa‐miR‐3135b, hsa‐miR‐6087, hsa‐miR‐1181, hsa‐miR‐4785, hsa‐miR‐718, hsa‐miR‐3141, hsa‐miR‐652‐5P, and hsa‐miR‐6126. The expression level of hsa‐miR‐181a in heroin addiction patients was significantly increased compared with that in normal controls (P < .001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of hsa‐miR‐181a was 0.783, the sensitivity was 0.867, and the specificity was 0.551.ConclusionsThe increased expression of hsa‐miR‐181a in the plasma of heroin patients may be a consequence of the pathological process of heroin abuse. This study highlights the potential of hsa‐miR‐181a as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of heroin addiction.
Roles of BATF/JUN/IRF4 complex in tacrolimus mediated immunosuppression on Tfh cells in acute rejection after liver transplantation
Authors: Tang Tengqian , Xu Tao , Liu Xiangde , Yang Tongkun , Zhang Leida , Yang Zhanyu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRejection injury is a serious complication after liver transplantation (LTx). Tacrolimus (Tac) is a key immunosuppressive agent in the prevention of liver rejection after transplantation. The basic leucine zipper ATF‐like transcription factor (BATF)/JUN/interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) complex serves critical functions in the immune response. This study aimed to explore the role of the BATF/JUN/IRF4 complex in rejection after LTx by treatment with Tac. Herein, DA and Lewis (LEW) rats were used to construct the LTx animal model. The recipient LEW rats were treated with Tac or saline, subcutaneously. Splenic mononuclear cells were treated with Tac at 1 and 10 nM after stimulation with interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and the expression of factors associated with the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)‐BATF/JUN/IRF4 and IL‐21 were detected. The results demonstrated that Tac prolonged the allografts survival and attenuated inflammation injury, and decreased the percentage frequencies of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and inhibited B‐cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl‐6) and IL‐6 expression in Tfh cells. In addition, Tac inhibited the expression of the BATF/JUN/IRF4 complex, Bcl‐6 and IL‐21 NFATc1 and NFATc2 were inhibited by Tac, and interacted with the promoter of BATF and IRF4. In conclusion, the attenuation of rejection injury may be dependent on the NFAT‐BATF/JUN/IRF4‐IL‐21 axis, and the BATF/JUN/IRF4 complex participates in the inhibition of IL‐21‐producing Tfh cells after treatment with Tac. These findings suggest that the BATF/JUN/IRF4 complex–IL‐21 axis may be used as a potential target for attenuating rejection injury after LTx.
Hepatic steatosis as an independent risk factor for severe disease in patients with COVID‐19: A computed tomography study
Authors: Palomar‐Lever Andres , Barraza Gustavo , Galicia‐Alba Julieta , Echeverri‐Bolaños Melissa , Escarria‐Panesso Robert , Padua‐Barrios Jorge , Halabe‐Cherem Jose , Hernandez‐Molina Gabriela , Chargoy‐Loustaunau Talia Nila , Kimura‐Hayama Eric 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimHepatic steatosis (HS) is associated with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, comorbidities recently related to COVID‐19 severity. Here, we assessed if tomographic HS is also a risk factor for severe COVID‐19 pneumonia.MethodsWe included 213 patients with a positive real time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) test and chest computed tomography (CT) from an out‐hospital facility and a hospital. We obtained information on demographics; weight; height; smoking history; diabetes; hypertension; and cardiovascular, lung, and renal disease. Two radiologists scored the CO‐RADs system (COVID‐19 Reporting and Data System) (1 = normal, 2 = inconsistent, 3–4 = indeterminate, and 5 = typical findings) and the chest CT severity index (≥20 of 40 was considered severe disease). They evaluated the liver‐to‐spleen ratio (CTL/S) and defined tomographic steatosis as a CTL/S index ≤0.9. We used descriptive statistics, χ2 and t student tests, logistic regression, and reported odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsOf the patients, 61% were men, with a mean age of 51.2 years, 48.3% were CO‐RADs 1 and 51.7% CO‐RADs 2–5. Severe tomographic disease was present in 103 patients (48.4%), all CO‐RADs 5. This group was older; mostly men; and with a higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and HS (69.9 vs 29%). On multivariate analysis, age (OR 1.058, 95% CI 1.03–1.086, P < 0.0001), male gender (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.03–3.8, P = 0.04), and HS (OR 4.9, 95% CI 2.4–9.7, P < 0.0001) remained associated.ConclusionHS was independently associated with severe COVID pneumonia. The physiopathological explanation of this finding remains to be elucidated. CTL/S should be routinely measured in thoracic CT scans in patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia.
Uses of ethyl benzoyl acetate for the synthesis of thiophene, pyran, and pyridine derivatives with antitumor activities
Authors: Ibrahim Bishoy A. , Mohareb Rafat M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe N‐(arly)propanamide derivatives 3a,b were used for a series of heterocyclization reactions to give thiophene, pyran, and pyridine derivatives. Thus, these compounds underwent the Gewald's thiophene synthesis through their reactions with either malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate and elemental sulfur to afford compounds 6a‐f, respectively. In addition, they were subjected through a series of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) to give pyran and fused derivatives. The reactions of 3a,b with either malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate gave pyridine derivatives 14a‐d, respectively. The latter compounds afforded arylhydrazone derivatives 15a‐m through their reactions with any of the aromatic diazonium salts 15a‐c. The antitumor of the synthesized compounds against A549 (nonsmall cell lung cancer), H460 (human lung cancer), HT‐29 (human colon cancer), and MKN‐45 (human gastric cancer cancer) cancer cell lines together with foretinib as the positive control by a MTT assay was measured, and the results obtained showed that many compounds exhibited high potency against the six cancer cell lines.
Natural history of multiple sulfatase deficiency: Retrospective phenotyping and functional variant analysis to characterize an ultra‐rare disease
Authors: Adang Laura A. , Schlotawa Lars , Groeschel Samuel , Kehrer Christiane , Harzer Klaus , Staretz‐Chacham Orna , Silva Thiago Oliveira , Schwartz Ida Vanessa D. , Gärtner Jutta , De Castro Mauricio , Costin Carrie , Montgomery Esperanza Font , Dierks Thomas , Radhakrishnan Karthikeyan , Ahrens‐Nicklas Rebecca C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMultiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) is an ultra‐rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by pathogenic variants inSUMF1. This gene encodes formylglycine‐generating enzyme (FGE), a protein required for sulfatase activation. The clinical course of MSD results from additive effect of each sulfatase deficiency, including metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), several mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS II, IIIA, IIID, IIIE, IVA, VI), chondrodysplasia punctata, and X‐linked ichthyosis. While it is known that affected individuals demonstrate a complex and severe phenotype, the genotype‐phenotype relationship and detailed clinical course is unknown. We report on 35 cases enrolled in our retrospective natural history study, n = 32 with detailed histories. Neurologic function was longitudinally assessed with retrospective scales. Biochemical and computational modeling of novelSUMF1variants was performed. Genotypes were classified based on predicted functional change, and each individual was assigned a genotype severity score. The median age at symptom onset was 0.25 years; median age at diagnosis was 2.7 years; and median age at death was 13 years. All individuals demonstrated developmental delay, and only a subset of individuals attained ambulation and verbal communication. All subjects experienced an accumulating systemic symptom burden. Earlier age at symptom onset and severe variant pathogenicity correlated with poor neurologic outcomes. Using retrospective deep phenotyping and detailed variant analysis, we defined the natural history of MSD. We found that attenuated cases can be distinguished from severe cases by age of onset, attainment of ambulation, and genotype. Results from this study can help inform prognosis and facilitate future study design.
Mitigation effects of phlorizin immersion on acrylamide formation in fried potato strips
Authors: Yang Yali , Shen Hailiang , Liu Ting , Wen Yaoyao , Wang Furong , Guo Yurong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeveral researches reported that natural polyphenols affected acrylamide formation of fried products. However, the effects of different variety of polyphenols on acrylamide formation were distinct. In this study, we isolated and purified phlorizin from apples and identified the influence of phlorizin immersion on acrylamide formation and sensory properties of fried potato strips with regard to the immersion concentration, time and temperature.RESULTSThe acrylamide formation of fried samples decreased as the phlorizin concentration increased from 0 to 0.3 g kg−1, and 0.14 g kg−1 could be selected as the suitable immersion concentration to dramatically inhibit acrylamide formation with considering the cost of industrial production. Additionally, the acrylamide formation significantly reduced from 8.71 × 10−3 to 2.13 × 10−3 g kg−1 lyophilized weight (LW) with immersion time from 0 to 120 min, and 60 min could be selected to significantly reduce acrylamide formation in consideration of efficiency of the large‐scale industrial processing. However, the effect of phlorizin immersion temperature on acrylamide formation of fried samples was not significant. Compared to the fried samples without immersion, the phlorizin immersion improved the color properties and the change of texture parameters was slight.CONCLUSIONThe fresh potato strips immersed in the phlorizin solution of 0.14 g kg−1 at 40 °C for 60 min before frying could significantly decrease acrylamide formation of fried samples and retain the majority of fresh sensorial properties. The significant correlations obtained between sensory properties and acrylamide content indicated the sensory properties could be used as the indicator of acrylamide levels during industrial processing. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Growth, water use, yield and quality parameters in oregano affected by reduced irrigation regimes
Authors: Hancioglu Nurten E , Kurunc Ahmet , Tontul Ismail , Topuz Ayhan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDDetermining plant tolerance to water stress is necessary in irrigation scheduling, decisions concerning supplementary irrigation, planning and operation and, more importantly, the rational use of water resources. In the present study, effects of the irrigation regime on oregano growth, water use, yield and quality parameters were investigated using reduced irrigation regime treatments.RESULTSIncreased water stresses caused a decrease in all growth and yield parameters. Plant water use efficiency was not significantly different among the control, low and medium stress treatments, although it was the lowest for the extreme water stress treatment. Total essential oil yield was the only quality parameter demonstrating significant differences among treatments. Yield response factors were determined as 1.13, 1.12, 1.06 and 1.10 for total fresh, total dry, dry leaf and total essential oil yields, respectively.CONCLUSIONYield response factors indicate that oregano plant is slightly sensitive to water stress. Although the yield parameters were affected by water stress, Origanum onites, under cultivation in recent years, might have developed a resistance mechanism for quality parameters because it has grown in very dry conditions under a natural environment for many years. However, the negative relationships between crop evapotranspiration versus essential oil, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and extract yield indicates that the quality parameters of oregano under low plant water consumption may be increased. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of different cooking methods on sea lettuce (Ulva rigida) volatile compounds and sensory properties
Authors: Sánchez‐García Fini , Mirzayeva Aytan , Roldán Ana , Castro Remedios , Palacios Víctor , G Barroso Carmelo , Durán‐Guerrero Enrique 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of different cooking methods (boiling, vacuum and steamed cooking) on the volatile compound content and sensory properties of sea lettuce (Ulva rigida) seaweed was assessed. Sea lettuce was cooked at three different temperatures (50, 70 and 100 °C) for three different lengths of time (5, 10 and 15 min). Various statistical techniques were employed in order to establish any possible changes.RESULTSThe different cooking methods modified significantly both the volatile compound content and the sensory properties of sea lettuce seaweed. In general, the cooked samples had lower concentrations of several volatile compounds than the control sample, mainly aldehydes. Regarding sensory analysis, the cooked samples exhibited lower values for various aroma descriptors such as seaside and seaweed, whereas descriptor scores such as cooked fish, salty dry fish and crustacean increased. No clear statistical differences were found between different cooking lengths of time and temperature levels with regard to both volatile compounds and sensory properties.CONCLUSIONSIn the cooking of sea lettuce seaweeds, the main sensory changes and modifications in their volatile content took place during the first minutes of cooking and at medium cooking temperatures. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Behavioural change or “business as usual”? Characterising the reaction behaviour of winter (sport) tourists to climate change in two German destinations
Authors: Witting Maximilian , Bischof Michael , Schmude Jürgen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractClimate change affects both the supply and the demand side of winter tourism. So far, few demand‐side studies exist in the field of climate change impact research. Those investigating the tourists' behavioural response to climate change concentrated exclusively on ski tourists in various countries, except for the highly vulnerable German market. This study conducted a survey (n = 751) in two German destinations to investigate the reaction behaviour of winter tourists to climate change, differentiated according to day and overnight guests. Findings show that not only weather, snow and operating conditions determine the reaction behaviour, but also lifestyle or sociodemographic aspects.
Formation of phenanthrene via H‐assisted isomerization of 2‐ethynylbiphenyl produced in the reaction of phenyl with phenylacetylene
Authors: Tuli Lotefa Binta , Mebel Alexander M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractModel chemistry G3(MP2,CC)//B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) calculations of the potential energy surface for the reaction of phenyl radical (C6H5) with phenylacetylene (C8H6) have been carried out and combined with Rice‐Ramsperger‐Kassel‐Marcus/Master Equation calculations of temperature‐ and pressure‐dependent rate constants. The results showed that the reaction can serve as a viable source for the formation of phenanthrene via an indirect route involving a primary reaction of phenyl addition to the ortho carbon in the ring of phenylacetylene and H elimination producing 2‐ethynylbiphenyl followed by secondary H‐assisted isomerization of 2‐ethynylbiphenyl to phenanthrene. In the secondary reaction, the H atom adds to the α carbon of the ethynyl side chain, then a six‐member ring closure takes place followed by aromatization via an H loss. The channel of H addition to the side chain of 2‐ethynylbiphenyl appears to be much faster than H addition to the ortho carbon in the ethynyl‐substituted ring leading back to the initial C6H5 + C8H6 reactants. Rate constants for the primary C6H5 + C8H62‐ethynylbiphenyl (p1) + H and secondary p1 + Hphenanthrene (p2) + H reactions have been computed in the temperature range of 500‐2500 K at pressures of 30 Torr, 1, 10, and 100 atm and fitted to modified Arrhenius expressions. The suggested kinetic scheme and rate constants are proposed as a prototype for the modeling of the growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via the phenyl addition‐dehydrocyclization (PAC) mechanism involving an addition of a PAH radical to an ethynyl‐substituted PAH molecule.
Automatic assessment of bone age in Taiwanese children: A comparison of the Greulich and Pyle method and the Tanner and Whitehouse 3 method
Authors: Wang Yi‐Ming , Tsai Tzu‐Hsueh , Hsu Jui‐Sheng , Chao Min‐Fang , Wang Yu‐Tsang , Jaw Twei‐Shiun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProper bone age assessment is crucial for the clinical diagnosis and evaluation of treatment responses. We investigated the applicability of Greulich and Pyle (GP), and Tanner and Whitehouse 3 (TW3) methods for children in modern Taiwan, using computer‐aided diagnosis. Hand and wrist radiographs were obtained from 611 children (3‐17 years) who came to our emergency department due to trauma. Ages 0 to 2 years old were excluded because of a limited number of cases. Skeletal maturation was assessed using the BoneXpert (version 2.5.4.1 automated software), which determines GP and TW3 bone age. The two scoring systems were evaluated for comparing the chronological ages in each subgroup. In boys, mean GP bone age vs mean chronological ages were delayed for ages 3 to 11 and advanced for age 12 to 17. In girls, mean GP bone age vs mean chronological ages was delayed for ages 4 to 8 and 17, and advanced for ages 3 and 9 to 17. In boys, the mean TW3 bone ages vs mean chronological ages were delayed for ages 5 to 10 except age 8, and advanced for ages 3 to 4, 8, and 11 to 15. In girls, the mean TW3 bone ages vs mean chronological ages were delayed for ages 4 to 12, and advanced for ages 3 and 13 to 14. By using the BoneXpert automatic software, we established bone age reference standards for children in Taiwan. Clinical application of GP and TW3 scoring methods can be adjusted according to our results to better assess bone age.