bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the effectiveness of the XEN microstent in the treatment of different types of glaucoma
Authors: Schargus Marc , Teilig Therese , Rehak Matus , Busch Catharina , Bormann Caroline , Unterlauft Jan Darius 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety profile of the XEN-microstent in different types of primary and secondary open angle glaucoma. MethodsThe XEN microstent was implanted in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEX) and secondary glaucoma (Sec.Gl). The intraocular pressure (IOP), the active substances of the applied IOP-lowering drugs, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the mean deviation (MD) of the perimetry were measured at baseline and at regular follow-ups, scheduled at 2 days and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results153 eyes were included in this analysis. 113 eyes were affected by POAG (74%), 5 eyes by NTG (3%), 22 eyes by PEX (14%) and 13 eyes by Sec.Gl (9%). Mean IOP decreased in all treatment groups during the 12 months of follow-up (complete group: 23.9±7.4 to 15.4±5.1 mmHg (p<0.01); POAG: 22.8±6.5 to 15.1±4.6 mmHg (p<0.01); NTG: 16.6±3.4 to 11.6±2.2 mmHg (p<0.05); PEX: 28.0±7.9 to 17.1±6.6 mmHg (p<0.01); Sec.Gl: 28.9±13.9 to 15.5±6.9 mmHg (p<0.05)). In the 153 eyes the average number of IOP-lowering drugs applied decreased from 2.6±1.2 to 0.8±1.3 12 months after surgery (p<0.01). BCVA and mean deviation of automated standard perimetry remained stable in all groups during follow-up. ConclusionAs in eyes suffering from POAG, IOP and number of IOP-lowering drugs applied can be effectively reduced by XEN implantation in eyes suffering from NTG, PEX and secondary glaucoma while leaving BCVA and visual field unchanged. Trial registrationTrial was registered at DRKS (registration number: DRKS00020800, Registered 25.February 2020 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00020800)
A Severe Case of Tafro Syndrome With myocardial and Skeletal Muscle calcification Despite Hypocalcemia: A Case Report
Authors: Minomo Shogo , Fujiwara Yu , Sakashita Shota , Takamura Akito , Nagata Kaoru 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background TAFRO (thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, renal insufficiency or reticulin fibrosis, and organomegaly) syndromeis a recently recognized disease with a variety of presentation of variable severity. In acute settings, this disease also involves organ dysfunction because of the associated systemic inflammation. However, cases of TAFRO syndrome with myocardial and/or skeletal muscle calcification have never been reported.Case presentation A 24-year-old healthy young man was admitted with intermittent epigastric pain and fever for two weeks. Computed tomography revealed pleural effusion, ascites and systemic lymphadenopathy. Laboratory tests showed thrombocytopenia, elevated C-reactive protein, hypoalbuminemia, anemia and renal dysfunction. Based on these findings and bone marrow biopsy, we diagnosed his disease as TAFRO syndrome and commenced hemodialysis for the renal dysfunction.However, he developed refractory hypocalcemia with unstable vital signs, for which we administered calcium gluconate hydrate. Thereafter, myocardial and skeletal musclecalcification was revealed radiologically, with the myocardial calcification causing sick sinus syndrome. He was treated with tocilizumab and finally discharged in an ambulatory condition after prolonged hospitalization with residual lesions of calcification.Conclusion This is the first TAFRO syndromereport with the complication of organ calcification. The etiology of calcification in this case is not clear.Systemic inflammation with possible hypercytokinemia might have been involved in the unexpected complication of systemic calcification.It is important to handle general management of TAFRO syndrome carefully because of various complications.
Quality Validation of Platelets Obtained From the Haemonetics and Trima Accelautomated Blood-collection Systems
Authors: Wang Hsuan-Hui , Liao Li-Na , Lin Chi-Ling , Yen Ling-Ling , Hsiao Yi-Min , Ko Jiunn-Liang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Platelet transfusion is required to treat haemo-oncology or trauma patients. Platelet apheresis (PPH) performed with apheresis equipment has increased rapidly in recent years. Leucocyte-reduced platelet apheresis (LRPH) can reduce the risk of platelet refractoriness and febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs) for transfusion. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate and compare the platelet metabolic and functional responses between PPH performed with Haemonetics and LRPH performed with Trima Accel cell separator.Methods: The qualities of platelets collected through PPH and LRPH were evaluated in terms of visual appearance, morphology, platelet-aggregation changes, metabolic activities, and bacterium-screening test during 5-day storage. Statistical analyses included two-sample t-test and generalised estimating equation(GEE) method.Results: During 5-day storage in LRPH, residual leucocytes were all <1.0×106, and the parameters of platelet function were as follows: platelet aggregated to agonists such as adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP) and collagen, and the extent of shape change and pO2 showed no statistically significant difference between PPH and LRPH. The hypotonic shock reaction (HSR) on days 0, 1, and 3 were significantly higher in LRPH than in PPH (71.78±6.92 vs. 64.10±7.42; p=0.002; 71.53±8.98 vs. 62.96±9.84; p=0.007; 68.05±7.28 vs. 57.76±6.80; p<0.0001, respectively). Values of mean platelet volume (MPV) were statistically larger in PPH than in LRPH on days 0, 1, and 3. On day 5, the swirling score was higher in LRPH than in PPH. The mean lactate levels had no statistically significant difference between PPH and LRPH. Moreover, no growth was observed through bacterium-screening test conducted on 40 samples.Conclusion: Comparison of LRPH and PPH products collected from the Trima Accel and Haemonetics automated blood-collection systems, respectively, revealed that both products possessed good platelet qualities even though additional processes are needed to reduce leucocytes. Furthermore, investigating the outcomes of other apheresis instruments with focus on the safety of donors, products, and recipients is necessary.
Malnutrition and Associated Factors with Nutritional Status Among Orphan Children: An Evidence-Based Study From Nepal
Authors: Acharya Shiva Raj , Adhikari Shiksha , Moon Deog Hwan , Pahari Sandip , Shin Yong Chul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Malnutrition is common public health problem among children in low- and middle-income countries. Orphan’s children are vulnerable and neglected group in the society and are more prone to malnutrition. The study aims to identify prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness of children residing in slum area with its associated factors. Method: Quantitative method & analytical cross-sectional research design were used to assess the nutritional status and its associated factors among orphan children in Pokhara, Nepal. The sample size of 160 children were obtained by simple random technique. Semi-structured questionnaire, digital bathroom scale, stadiometer was used as data collection technique. Data management and analysis was done from Epi-info, SPSS 25 version & WHO Anthro plus. Result: Out of 160 children, majority 80% were malnourished & 55.1% were stunted whereas 13.8% were thinness & 6.9% were found to be overweight. Our study revealed a significant association between sex, age, ethnicity, duration of stay in children’s home and education of caregiver (p <0.05). Conclusion: Malnutrition is highly prevalent in orphan children and need to be addressed. Nutritional status should be monitored regularly for early identification & timely intervention of malnutrition to promote the nutrition health status of children.
COVID 19 Antibody Detection using Lateral Flow Assay Tests in a Cohort of Convalescent Plasma Donors
Authors: Ragnesola Brett , Jin Daniel , Lamb Chris C. , Shaz Beth H. , Hillyer Christopher D. , Luchsinger Larry L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: COVID19 has caused a global and ongoing pandemic. The need for population seroconversion data is apparent to monitor and respond to the pandemic. Using a lateral flow assay (LFA) testing platform, the seropositivity in 63 New York Blood Center (NYBC)Convelescent Plasma (CP) donor samples were evaluated for the presence of COVID19 specific IgG and IgM.Results: CP donors showed diverse antibody result.Convalescent donor plasma contains SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies. Weak antibody bands may identify low titer CP donors.LFA tests can identify antibody positive individuals that have recovered from COVID19. Confirming suspected cases using antibody detection could help inform the patient and the community as to the relative risk to future exposure and a better understanding of disease exposure.
Focal brain ischemia in mice does not cause electrophysiological signs of critical illness neuropathy
Authors: Huehnchen Petra , Toyka Klaus Viktor , Gertz Karen , Endres Matthias , Boehmerle Wolfgang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective
Critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) is a common complication of severe systemic illness treated in intensive care medicine. Ischemic stroke leads to an acute critical injury of the brain with hemiparesis, immunosuppression and subsequent infections, all of which require extended medical treatment. Stroke-induced sarcopenia further contributes to poor rehabilitation and is characterized by muscle wasting and denervation in the paralytic, but also the unaffected limbs. Therefore, we asked whether stroke leads to an additional CIP-like neurodegeneration.
Results
Focal brain ischemia was induced in adult mice by 60-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) following reperfusion and led to functional deficits and marked hemispheric brain atrophy. Nerve conduction function and muscle potentials were measured in the ipsilateral sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscle with electroneurography/-myography on days 10, 22, 44 after stroke. An additional crush-injury to the sciatic nerve was included in two sham mice as positive control (sham+). We found no differences in nerve conduction function nor spontaneous electromyographic activity between MCAo and sham animals. Sham + mice developed marked reduction of the motor action potential amplitudes and conduction velocities with pathologic spontaneous activity.
HIV-Tat and Cocaine Impact Brain Energy Metabolism: Redox Modification and Mitochondrial Biogenesis Influence NRF-Transcriptional Mediated Neurodegeneration
Authors: Sivalingam Kalaiselvi , Cirino Thomas J. , McLaughlin Jay P. , THANGAVEL SAMIKKANNU 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
HIV infection and drugs of abuse induce oxidative stress and redox imbalance, which cause neurodegeneration. The mechanisms by which HIV infection and cocaine consumption affect astrocytes energy metabolism lead neurodegenerative dysfunction remain poorly understood. We investigated how oxidative injury cause energy resource and depletion of glutathione synthetase (GSS), activating energy sensor AMPK-mediated glycolytic enzymes, and mitochondrial biogenesis lead to NRF transcription factors in astrocytes. Both human primary astrocytes in vitro (HIV-1Tat/cocaine) and HIV-inducible Tat (iTat) mice exposed to cocaine inhibit the GSS and altered superoxide dismutase (SOD) level. This, in turn, significantly activated AMPK and raised the several glycolytic enzymes, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial biogenesis of PGC-1α and TFAM, Nrf1 and Nrf2 gene transcription, and protein expression. These results suggest that redox inhibition of GSS altered AMPK activation and mitochondrial biogenesis influence Nrf transcriptions, which are important resource of astrocytes signaling network in brain energy metabolism in HIV-positive cocaine users. In conclusion, HIV-1 Tat altered redox inhibition, thus raising glycolytic metabolic profiles and mitochondrial biogenesis led to Nrf transcription, which impact astrocyte-energy resource and metabolism. Further cocaine comorbidity exacerbation of these effects led to worse in neurodegeneration.
Haemodynamic Activity Characterization of Resting State Networks by Fractal Analysis and Thalamocorticalmorpho functional Integrity in Chronic Migraine
Authors: Porcaro Camillo , Renzo Antonio Di , Tinelli Emanuele , Lorenzo Giorgio Di , Parisi Vincenzo , Caramia Francesca , Fiorelli Marco , Piero Vittorio Di , Pierelli Francesco , Coppola Gianluca 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background - Chronic migraine (CM)can be associated with aberrant long-range connectivity of MRI-derived resting-state networks (RSNs). Here, we investigated how the fractal dimension (FD) of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activity maybe used to estimatethe complexity of RSNs, reflecting flexibility and/or efficiency in information processing in CM patients respect to healthy controls (HC).Methods -Resting-state MRI data were collected from 20 untreated CM without history of medication overuse and 20 HC. On both groups, we estimated the Higuchi’sFD. On the same subjects,fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD)values of bilateral thalami were retrieved from diffusion tensor imaging andcorrelated with the FD values.Results - CM showed higher FD values within dorsal attention system (DAS) and the anterior part of default-mode network (DMN), and lower FD values within the posterior DMN compared to HC.Although FA and MD were within the range of normality, both correlated with the FD values of DAS.Conclusions - FDof DAS and DMN may reflect disruption of cognitive control of pain in CM.Normal microstructure of the thalamus and its positive connectivity with the cortical networking may be yet another evidence in supporting CM as a never-ending migraine attack.
Development of a Managed Clinical Network for Children’s Palliative Care – A Qualitative Evaluation
Authors: Papworth Andrew , Fraser Lorna , Taylor Jo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Consistent evidence suggests that children’s palliative care is not equitable and managed clinical networks have been recommended as a solution. This study explored the development of a managed clinical network for children’s palliative care in England, with an aim to identify barriers and enablers of successful implementation. Methods Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 45 healthcare staff with a role in developing the Network or in the delivery of children’s palliative care (September 2019-March 2020). Results The study identified Network features that helped to formalise governance processes, establish training and networking opportunities, standardise practice, and improve collaboration between organisations. These include the funded Network co-ordinator, committed individuals who lead the Network, and a governance structure that fosters collaboration. However, the Network’s development was impeded by cross-cutting barriers including limited funding for the Network and children’s palliative care more generally, no shared technology, lack of standards and evidence-base for children’s palliative care, and shortage of palliative care staff. These barriers impacted on the Network’s ability to improve and evaluate palliative care provision and affected member engagement. Competing organisational priorities and differences between NHS and non-NHS members also impeded progress. Training provision was well received, although barriers to access were identified. Conclusions Key features of children’s palliative care can act as barriers to developing a managed clinical network. Managing expectations and raising awareness, providing accessible and relevant training, and sharing early achievements through ongoing evaluation can help to sustain member engagement, which is crucial to a network’s success.
Anaphylatoxin Receptor C3AR1 Promotesoptic Nerve Degeneration in DBA/2J Mice
Authors: Harder Jeffrey M , Williams Pete , Braine Catherine , Yang Hongtian , Thomas Jocelyn , Foxworth Nicole , John Simon , Howell Gareth 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe risk of glaucoma increases significantly with age and exposure to elevated intraocular pressure, two factors linked with neuroinflammation. The complement cascade is a complex immune process with many bioactive end-products, including mediators of inflammation called anaphylatoxins. Complement cascade activation has been shown in glaucoma patients and models of glaucoma. However, the function of anaphylatoxin signaling in glaucoma is largely untested. Here,theC3AR1 anaphylatoxin receptor was genetically disrupted in DBA/2J mice, an ocular hypertensive model of glaucoma, to test its contribution to neurodegeneration. Methods A null allele of C3ar1 was backcrossed into DBA/2J mice. Development of iris disease, ocular hypertension, optic nerve degeneration, retinal ganglion cell activity, loss of RGCs, and myeloid cell infiltrationin C3ar1 deficient andsufficient DBA/2J mice were compared across multiple ages. RNA sequencing was performed on microglia from primary culture to determine global effects of C3ar1 on microglia gene expression. ResultsDeficiency in C3ar1 lowered the risk ofdegeneration in ocular hypertensive mice without affectingintraocular pressure elevation at 10.5 months of age. Differences were found in the percentage of mice affected, but not in individual characteristics of disease progression.The protective effect of C3ar1 deficiency was then overcome by additional aging and ocular hypertensive injury. Microglia and other myeloid derived cells were the primary cells identified that express C3ar1.In the absence of C3ar1, microglial expression of genes associated with neuroinflammation and other immune functions were differentially expressed compared to WT. A network analysis of these data suggested that the IL10 signaling pathway is a major interaction partner of C3AR1 signaling in microglia.ConclusionsC3AR1 was identified as a damaging neuroinflammatory factor. These datahelp suggest complement activation causesglaucomatous neurodegeneration through multiple mechanisms, including inflammation. Microglia and infiltrating myeloid cells expressed high levels ofC3ar1 and are the primary candidates to mediate its effects. C3AR1 appeared to be a major regulator ofmicrogliareactivity and neuroinflammatory function due to its interaction with IL10 signaling and other immune related pathways.Targeting myeloid-derived cells and anaphylatoxin signaling with therapiesis expected to improveneuroprotective therapeutic strategies.
Potential Using of Molecular Characterization and Structure of The Gut Bacterial Community for Postmortem Interval Estimation in Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Li Huan , Zhang Siruo , Liu Ruina , Yuan Lu , Wu Di , Yang E , Yang Han , Ullah Shakir , Ishaq Hafiz Muhammad , Liu Hailong , Wang Zhenyuan , Xu Jiru 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Once the body dies, the inherent microbes of the host begin to break down from the inside and play a key role thereafter. It is hypothesized that after the death certain rectal microbes would change during the decomposition course in the body. This study aimed to investigate the probable shift in the composition of the rectal flora at different time intervals up to 15 days after death and to explore bacterial taxa important for estimating the time of death. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes showed major shifts, when checked at 11 different intervals, and emerged at most of the postmortem intervals. At the species level, Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabilis existed at most postmortem intervals; the former showed a downward trend after day 5 postmortem, while the latter showed an upward trend. There were obvious differences in bacterial community structure and richness at the phylum, genus, and species levels during the decomposition of the corpse of rats. The phylum, genus, and species taxa richness decreased initially and then increased significantly. The turning point came on day 9 when genus, rather than phylum or species, contained the most information for estimating the time of death. We constructed a prediction model using genus taxon data from high-throughput sequencing, which explained 87.2% of the time since the first sampling within 1 h. Seven bacteria, namely Enterococcus, Proteus, Lactobacillus, unidentified Clostridiales, Vagococcus, unidentified Corynebacteriaceae, and unidentified Enterobacteriaceae, were included in this model. The above-mentioned bacteria showed a promising future for estimating the shortest time of death and results of current study were agreeing with the proposed hypothesis.
Association Between Air Pollution in Lima and the High Incidence of COVID-19: Findings from a Post Hoc Analysis
Authors: Vasquez-Apestegui Vanessa , Parras-Garrido Enrique , Tapia Vilma , Paz-Aparicio Valeria M. , Rojas Jhojan P. , Sánchez-Ccoyllo Odón R. , Gonzales Gustavo F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Corona virus disease (COVID-19) originated in China in December 2019. Thereafter, a global logarithmic expansion of the cases has occurred. Some countries have a higher rate of infections despite of early implementation of quarantine. Air pollution could be related to the high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and the associated case-fatality rates (deaths/cases*100). Lima, Peru has the second highest incidence of COVID-19 in Latin America and it is also one of the cities with highest levels of air pollution in the Region.
Methods
This study investigated the association of the levels of PM2.5 exposure in the previous years (2010–2016) in 24 districts of Lima with the cases, deaths and case-fatality rates of COVID-19.
Results
Until June 12, 2020, there were 6,308 deaths and 220,749 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases in Peru. In Lima, the total number of COVID-19 deaths in all metropolitan areas was 2,382. The case-fatality rate at the national level was 2.58% and 1.93% in Lima. Higher PM2.5 levels are associated with higher number of cases and deaths of COVID-19. The case-fatality rate (Deaths/cases*100) did not increase with the increase in PM2.5 levels. A higher number of food markets was associated with higher incidence and mortality of COVID-19 (p < 0.01 for both); these associations persisted when cases (r = 0.49; p < 0.01) and deaths (r = 0.58; p < 0.01) were adjusted by the population density. The association of PM2.5 with cases of COVID-19 was maintained after controlling analysis by age, sex and number of food markers.
Conclusions
the higher rates of COVID-19 in Metropolitan Lima is attributable, among others, to the increased PM2.5 exposure in the previous years after adjusting for age, sex and number of food markets. Reduction of air pollution since a long term perspective, and social distancing are needed to prevent spreads of virus outbreak.