bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Utilization of Aspirin for Prevention of Preeclampsia in a High-Risk Urban Cohort: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Boelig Rupsa C. , Wanees Mariam , Zhan Tingting , Berghella Vincenzo , Roman Amanda 
Published: October 2020

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of aspirin for preeclampsia prevention before and after implementation of a screening tool during nuchal translucency (NT) ultrasound.
Study Design One-year prospective cohort study of patients at high risk for preeclampsia after the implementation of a screening tool (postscreen) administered to all patients at check in for NT (11–13 weeks) ultrasound. Prospective cohort was compared with one-year retrospective cohort (prescreen) the year prior (2017). All patients who presented for NT ultrasound in both cohorts were evaluated for the presence of one or more risk factor for preeclampsia with screening tool collected prospectively and chart review retrospectively. Provider recommendation for aspirin determined by documentation in prenatal record. Primary outcome was rate of provider recommendation for aspirin pre versus post screening tool, compared by Chi-square test and adjusted for potential confounders with multiple regression analysis.
Results Pre- (n = 156) and postscreen (n = 136) cohorts were similar except for race and multifetal gestation. Prescreen, rate of provider recommendation for aspirin was 74%. Of those with prior preeclampsia, 96% were recommended aspirin, compared with 64% of patients with other risk factors (p < 0.001). Postscreen, provider recommendation of aspirin improved to 95% (p < 0.001). Rate of preeclampsia/gestational hypertension were similar between cohorts; however, there was a reduced adjusted risk in overall preterm birth <37 weeks (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.50 [0.25–0.99]) and preterm birth <34 weeks (aOR = 0.33 [0.13–0.88]) postscreening tool implementation.
Conclusion Prior to implementation of a simple screening questionnaire, approximately 25% of high risk patients did not receive the recommendation of aspirin for preeclampsia prevention. High-risk patients who lack a history of preeclampsia were less likely to be advised of aspirin prophylaxis. Use of a simple universal screening tool at time of NT ultrasound significantly improved utilization of aspirin for preeclampsia prevention and may improve patient outcomes.
Key Points
Specific features of fluorescence transfer in multiply scattering randomly inhomogeneous layers under intense laser pumping
Authors: Zimnyakov D.A. , Volchkov S.S. , Kochkurov L.A. , Dorogov A.F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Based on the analysis of experimental data on the effect of the pulsed laser pump intensity on the spectral properties and the size of the fluorescent response zone in randomly inhomogeneous fluorescent layers, we found that the amplification of spontaneous and stimulated emission significantly affects the statistical properties of the propagation lengths of the fluorescent field partial components in the layers. The experiments are performed with layers of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles saturated with rhodamine 6G, pumped by 532-nm laser radiation in the intensity range corresponding to the transient regime from excitation of spontaneous fluorescence to random lasing in the layer. The experimental data are compared with the results of statistical modelling of fluorescence transfer. It is shown that, even at a pump intensity below the random lasing threshold, the spontaneous emission amplification in a layer leads to a significant increase in the contributions to the fluorescence response from partial components with propagation lengths much larger than the layer thickness. This can be interpreted as a manifestation of the quasi-waveguide effect, in which the probability of propagation of diffuse fluorescence components along the layer over distances many times greater than its thickness and the size of the pumped region increases significantly with a decrease in the characteristic radiation amplification length in the layer.
Two-frequency sub-Doppler spectroscopy of the caesium D1 line in various configurations of counterpropagating laser beams
Authors: Brazhnikov D.V. , Ignatovich S.M. , Mesenzova I.S. , Mikhailov A.M. , Boudot R. , Skvortsov M.N. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Sub-Doppler resonances in caesium vapours are studied in a laser field produced by counterpropagating two-frequency light beams with mutually orthogonal linear polarisations. The beams are in resonance with optical transitions in the D1 line, the frequency difference of the field spectral components being equal to the hyperfine ground-state splitting in the Cs atom (∼9.2 GHz). It has already been shown that in this configuration, the hypercontrast effect can be observed for sub-Doppler resonances, which makes this configuration promising for the employment in new-generation miniature optical frequency standards. In the present work, two different two-frequency configurations are compared with each other and with the single-frequency configuration widely used in practice for observing saturated absorption resonances. The parameters of nonlinear resonances are measured at various temperatures of caesium vapours and at different optical field intensities. The results of the investigations performed make it possible to find an optimal two-frequency scheme for exciting nonlinear resonances and to estimate a potential of the scheme for its applications in quantum metrology.
The odorant receptor OR2W3 on airway smooth muscle evokes bronchodilation via a cooperative chemosensory tradeoff between TMEM16A and CFTR
Authors: Huang Jessie , Lam Hong , Koziol-White Cynthia , Limjunyawong Nathachit , Kim Donghwa , Kim Nicholas , Karmacharya Nikhil , Rajkumar Premraj , Firer Danielle , Dalesio Nicholas M. , Jude Joseph , Kurten Richard C. , Pluznick Jennifer L. , Deshpande Deepak A. , Penn Raymond B. , Liggett Stephen B. , Panettieri Reynold A. , Dong Xinzhong , An Steven S. 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceOdorant sensing GPCRs are the largest gene family in the human genome. We previously found multiple olfactory receptors and their obligate downstream effectors expressed in the smooth muscle of human bronchi. However, the extent to which odorant-sensing receptors (and the ligands to which they respond) on airway smooth muscle (ASM) are physiologically relevant is not established. Here we show that a monoterpene nerol activates the odorant receptor OR2W3 to relax ASM in both cell and tissue models. Surprisingly, the mechanism of action of OR2W3-mediated ASM relaxation involves paradoxical increases in [Ca2+]ithat invoke a cooperative activation of TMEM16A and CFTR to compartmentalize calcium and regulate excitation-contraction coupling in human ASM cells.
PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-dependent Rac exchanger 1 (P-Rex1) promotes mammary tumor initiation and metastasis
Authors: Srijakotre Nuthasuda , Liu Heng-Jia , Nobis Max , Man Joey , Yip Hon Yan Kelvin , Papa Antonella , Abud Helen E. , Anderson Kurt I. , Welch Heidi C. E. , Tiganis Tony , Timpson Paul , McLean Catriona A. , Ooms Lisa M. , Mitchell Christina A. 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceBreast cancer is the most common cancer in women and metastasis remains the leading cause of death. P-Rex1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, positively regulates Rac1-mediated oncogenic signaling. P-Rex1 is overexpressed in a subset of human breast cancers; however, little is known of its function in vivo. Here we show P-Rex1 regulates Rac1 activation in vivo in the mammary gland. Increased P-Rex1 expression enhances mammary epithelial cell proliferation and is causally associated with tumor initiation. In murine models, P-Rex1 cooperates with the neu oncogene to increase mammary tumor incidence and metastasis but not primary tumor growth. Our studies suggest that inhibiting the P-Rex1–Rac1 signaling axis may be an adjunct therapy for treating invasive cancers which exhibit increased P-Rex1 expression.
GPR56/ADGRG1 is a platelet collagen-responsive GPCR and hemostatic sensor of shear force
Authors: Yeung Jennifer , Adili Reheman , Stringham Emily N. , Luo Rong , Vizurraga Alexander , Rosselli-Murai Luciana K. , Stoveken Hannah M. , Yu Maiya , Piao Xianhua , Holinstat Michael , Tall Gregory G. 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceWe identified the known collagen receptor GPR56/ADGRG1 on platelets. GPR56 is an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor that becomes activated following forced dissociation of its N-terminal fragment and C-terminal fragment or seven-transmembrane spanning domain (7TM). Fragment dissociation reveals the cryptic stalk of the 7TM, which acts as a tethered peptide agonist, and for GPR56, this activates platelet G13 signaling. GPR56 pharmacological probes activated platelets to undergo shape change and aggregation, which are critical for the formation of hemostatic plugs.Gpr56−/−mice exhibit prolonged bleeding, defective platelet plug formation in vessel injury assays, and delayed thrombotic vessel occlusion. Shear-force dependency of platelet adhesion to immobilized collagen was found to be GPR56 dependent.
The shrimp nephrocomplex serves as a major portal of pathogen entry and is involved in the molting process
Authors: De Gryse Gaëtan M. A. , Khuong Thuong Van , Descamps Benedicte , Van Den Broeck Wim , Vanhove Christian , Cornillie Pieter , Sorgeloos Patrick , Bossier Peter , Nauwynck Hans J. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
The ever-growing human population faces problems providing sufficient animal proteins. For shellfish, wild catch is supplemented by aquaculture to meet this increasing global demand. However, aquaculture faces serious problems with infectious diseases. One of the main problems for oriented disease control is lack of information on pathogen entry in the host. The present study fully describes the anatomy of the shrimp’s excretory organ, the antennal gland, identifying the organ as a major portal candidate. Additional findings show that pathogens may indeed enter through this organ naturally, infecting shrimp. We also demonstrate involvement in molting. These insights into the molting process and pathogen entry open doors in fundamental biology and the potential development of disease control measures.
SARS-CoV-2 Orf6 hijacks Nup98 to block STAT nuclear import and antagonize interferon signaling
Authors: Miorin Lisa , Kehrer Thomas , Sanchez-Aparicio Maria Teresa , Zhang Ke , Cohen Phillip , Patel Roosheel S. , Cupic Anastasija , Makio Tadashi , Mei Menghan , Moreno Elena , Danziger Oded , White Kris M. , Rathnasinghe Raveen , Uccellini Melissa , Gao Shengyan , Aydillo Teresa , Mena Ignacio , Yin Xin , Martin-Sancho Laura , Krogan Nevan J. , Chanda Sumit K. , Schotsaert Michael , Wozniak Richard W. , Ren Yi , Rosenberg Brad R. , Fontoura Beatriz M. A. , García-Sastre Adolfo 
Published: October 2020

Significance
To successfully establish infection, viral pathogens have to overcome the interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral response. Previous studies revealed that the viral accessory protein Orf6 of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 is able to inhibit STAT1 nuclear translocation to block IFN signaling. In this study, we report that Orf6 localizes at the nuclear pore complex (NPC) where it binds directly to the Nup98-Rae1 complex to target the nuclear import pathway and mediate this inhibition. A better understanding of the strategies used by viruses to subvert host immune responses is critical for the design of novel antivirals and vaccines.
Gesture studies and anthropological perspectives
Authors: Brookes Heather , Guen Olivier Le 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis contribution is the introduction for the special issue of Gesture entitled “Anthropology of Gesture”. As such, it raises two main questions: how do gestures contribute to the field of anthropology? And, inversely, how anthropology can improve our understanding of gesture and gestural behaviours? Of particular importance for this special issue, is the emphasis on what Lempert called “the anthropological sensibility” which aims at taking a more cultural and ethnographic approach to the study of gesture, especially but not only in cross-cultural contexts. The last part of this introduction presents all the contributions of this special issue.
The impact of cross-linguistic variation in gesture on sign language phonology and morphology
Authors: Nyst Victoria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA considerable body of literature points at parallels between gestural elements and sign language structures. This raises the question to what extent variation in gesture environment may lead to related variation across sign languages, or,mutatis mutandis, to what extent similarities in gesture environment may lead to similarities across (otherwise unrelated) sign languages.This article will address that question by reviewing a series of studies relating to size and shape specifying (SASS) signs and gestures in signed and spoken languages in West Africa. The review finds that the use of body-based SASS gestures coincides with the use of body-based SASS signs in the sign languages studied, which in turn aligns with (a) restrictions on the number and types of handshapes used in space-based SASS signs, (b) limited use ofspace-based size depictionin lexical items (Nyst, 2018), and (c) a gap in the repertoire of phonemic handshapes.I conclude that culture-specific patterning in gesture environment may impact on cross-linguistic variation in SASS morphology and handshape phonology. As such, the gestural environment presents an explanation why SLs may be alike or different, in addition to shared ancestry, language contact, and iconicity.
Temporality, social interaction, and power in an anthropology of gesture
Authors: Covington-Ward Yolanda 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Current anthropological studies of gesture give extensive attention to communities of study from a synchronic perspective
while also focusing on semantic, cognitive, and linguistic analyses of gesture. However, less well explored is how the uses and meanings of
gestures can change over time within societies and the role of gesture in social interactions. In addition, individual, interpersonal, and
societal level politics can also influence what gestures mean and how they are strategically used. This paper uses careful analysis of
European missionary reports and trader accounts written in the late 17th and early 18th centuries to focus on shifting power relations in
the pre-colonial era Kongo Kingdom in West Central Africa. Larger social transformations will be used to contextualize three key incidents
where gestures were at the center of complex negotiations about meaning and power. The paper argues for gesture studies scholars to consider
deep, contextual, and historically grounded examinations of gestures and the role they play in shaping relationships and societies.
Decomposing the variability of match physical performance in professional soccer: Implications for monitoring individuals
Authors: Oliva‐Lozano José M. , Muyor José M. , Fortes Víctor , McLaren Shaun J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aims of this study were to establish sources of variability in match physical performance of professional soccer players and provide a method for monitoring individual between‐match changes. Eleven players meeting the final inclusion criteria were monitored through an entire in‐season competition phase (n = 240 individual match observations). Ten Hertz global positioning systems were used to measure match total distance (TD), total high‐speed running distance (≥ 21 km·h−1; HSRD), total accelerations (TAcc) and maximum running velocity (V max). Between‐player, between‐position, between‐match and within‐player variability were determined through linear mixed effects models. These data were then used to establish the practical significance of individual changes using a Minimum Effects Testing framework. All sources of variability were greater for HSRD (13–36%) when compared with all other metrics (<6%). Using combined between‐match and within‐player variability along with the smallest worthwhile change (0.2 × between‐player SD), between‐match individual changes of ±∼10–15% in TD, TAcc and V max were established as practically significant. For HSRD, these thresholds were considerably higher (≥60%). In conclusion, the ability for soccer practitioners to identify meaningful changes in match physical performance can aid decision making around player management following competition. Our study provides a method to flag changes beyond the normal match‐to‐match variability and by a substantial magnitude. This may have implications for recovery but should be combined with other sources of data (internal load and response) and used only as an adjunct to practitioner domain knowledge/experience.
Investigations of dynamics of a single spark-induced bubble in saline water
Authors: Liu Zhen , Guan Xiantao , Zhang Liancheng , Zhang Yun , Pei Yanliang , Liu Chenguang , Zhou He , Liu Baohua , Yan Keping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigated the behavior of single bubbles generated by spark discharge under different electric fields and water properties. A higher discharge energy is known to generate a larger bubble. However, our results show that the hydraulic efficiency decreases with increasing charging voltage, but increases with increasing charging capacitance. We found that the water conductivity has little influence on the bubble behavior, whereas a higher water temperature generates a larger bubble with higher hydraulic efficiency. The experimental results agreed well with those of the Rayleigh–Plesset model. Overall, the hydraulic efficiency for spark-induced bubble ranges from 3.5% to 7.5%. This work helps to advance our understanding of spark-induced bubble dynamics and their applications.
Charge affinity and solvent effects in numerical simulations of ionic microgels
Authors: Del Monte Giovanni , Camerin Fabrizio , Ninarello Andrea , Gnan Nicoletta , Rovigatti Lorenzo , Zaccarelli Emanuela 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Ionic microgel particles are intriguing systems in which the properties of thermo-responsive polymeric colloids are enriched by the presence of charged groups. In order to rationalize their properties and predict the behaviour of microgel suspensions, it is necessary to develop a coarse-graining strategy that starts from the accurate modelling of single particles. Here, we provide a numerical advancement of a recently-introduced model for charged co-polymerized microgels by improving the treatment of ionic groups in the polymer network. We investigate the thermoresponsive properties of the particles, in particular their swelling behaviour and structure, finding that, when charged groups are considered to be hydrophilic at all temperatures, highly charged microgels do not achieve a fully collapsed state, in favorable comparison to experiments. In addition, we explicitly include the solvent in the description and put forward a mapping between the solvophobic potential in the absence of the solvent and the monomer–solvent interactions in its presence, which is found to work very accurately for any charge fraction of the microgel. Our work paves the way for comparing single-particle properties and swelling behaviour of ionic microgels to experiments and to tackle the study of these charged soft particles at a liquid–liquid interface.
Role of lone pair electrons in n-type thermoelectric properties of tin oxides
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Authors: Cao Wei , Wang Ziyu , Miao Ling , Shi Jing , Xiong Rui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Oxide materials have shown promising thermoelectric applications due to their availability, tunability, and thermal stability. Among oxide materials, the layered tin oxides (SnO) attract raising attention in the electronic and optoelectronic field owing to their lone pair electrons. We have investigated the thermoelectric properties of layered SnO structures through first-principle calculations. SnO exhibits superior n-type thermoelectric properties and the metallicity of SnO becomes stronger with the number of layers increasing. The lone pair electrons around Sn atoms are the key factor to n-type properties and they will get bonded and anti-bonded in the case of interlayer interaction. Monolayer SnO exhibits the best thermoelectric performances and the average n-type ZT value of monolayer SnO can achieve 0.90 at 500–700 K. Our results demonstrate that layered SnO will be the potential n-type two-dimensional oxide thermoelectric material.
Infrared optical spectrum of topological crystalline insulator SnTe (001) surface states
Authors: O’Brien David , Apalkov Vadym 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigate the effects of varying temperature and chemical potential on the optical absorption spectrum of (001) surface states of topological crystalline insulator SnTe using a four-band effective k ⋅ p Hamiltonian. The spectrum is characterized by a narrow peak at 52 meV and a shoulder feature at 160 meV. Both absorptions have maximal intensity at 0 K or when chemical potential is located at the charge neutrality point. Then, as temperature increases or as chemical potential diverges, they both decrease in intensity. The 52 meV peak originates from transitions between high density of states regions surrounding van Hove singularities and is the spectrum’s most prominent feature. Additionally, a third absorption from 110 meV to 150 meV, initially absent at 0 K or chemical potential at charge neutrality point, gradually builds in intensity as temperature increases or as chemical potential diverges. This absorption arises from transitions between low and high energy bands of opposite helicity. Importantly, we find that all distinct spectral features are diminished if the magnitude of chemical potential diverges to values above the van Hove singularity energies. If a given sample’s chemical potential is well-controlled, conventional infrared spectroscopy may be used to identify the spectral signatures of SnTe (001) surface states at room temperatures and without use of large magnetic fields.
Novel graphitic sheets with ripple-like folds as an NCA cathode coating layer for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Hong , Law Homei , Liao Shuang , Chen Dongchu , Lin Peng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this work, novel graphitic sheets with ripple-like folds (GSRFs) are synthesized from cheap resin via a facile route. The obtained GSRFs are used as a cladding layer for LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) particles to construct a GSRF@NCA composite cathode. Electrochemical testing for GSFR@NCA exhibits better cycling and C-rate performance than those of original NCA. Moreover, the capacity retention (85%) of the full-cell (GSFR@NCA versus graphite) is much higher than that (79%) of the full-cell (NCA versus graphite) after 400 cycles. Most importantly, this approach allows the preparation of GSFR@NCA with highly promising applications as a cathode for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries, since in this contribution just simple equipment and a precursor with low cost are involved.
The r-Hunter–Saxton equation, smooth and singular solutions and their approximation
Authors: Cotter Colin J , Deasy Jacob , Pryer Tristan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this work we introduce the r-Hunter–Saxton equation, a generalisation of the Hunter–Saxton equation arising as extremals of an action principle posed in L

r
. We characterise solutions to the Cauchy problem, quantifying the blow-up time and studying various symmetry reductions. We construct piecewise linear functions and show that they are weak solutions to the r-Hunter–Saxton equation.