bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Vietnam
Authors: Ha Toan , Ruaño Gualberto , Judy Lewis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data on COVID-19 patients in Vietnam. The paper examined and compared epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients in VietnamMethodThe data was obtained using publicly available information from the official website of Vietnam Ministry of Health covering a period of 01/23/2020 to 05/27/2020. T-test, Chi-square test and Fisher’s Exact test were utilized to compare characteristics of COVID-19 patients between under-treatment and discharge groups and between overseas and non-overseas travel groups.ResultsVietnam had a total of 327 cases of COVID-19 as of May 27, 2020. The median age of patients was 30 years (ranging from 3 months to 88 years). About 68% of patients (n=223) had acquired the disease from overseas while 32% were infected from local transmission. Among those infected from local transmission, 66% were women. Men were more likely than women to be infected with COVID-19 from overseas (p<0.001). Younger patients were significantly associated with international travel (p=.001). While patients in the South reported highest levels of overseas travel history (77.9%), those (100%) in the Central reported the highest level of being discharged (p<0.001). Women (54.7%) had a higher rate of discharge compared to men (45.3%) [p <0.001]. Nearly 86% have recovered and discharged from hospitals. There has been no reported fatality.ConclusionsA majority of COVID-19 cases in Vietnam were acquired overseas. A significantly higher number of women than men were infected inside the country calling for further research about gender disparities in the fight against COVID-19 in Vietnam.
Deep Learning and Holt-Trend Algorithms for predicting COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Aldhyani Theyazn H.H , Alrasheed Melfi , Alqarni Ahmed Abdullah , Alzahrani Mohammed Y. , Alahmadi Ahmed H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAccording to WHO, more than one million individuals are infected with COVID-19, and around 20000 people have died because of this infectious disease around the world. In addition, COVID-19 epidemic poses serious public health threat to the world where people with little or no pre-existing human immunity can be more vulnerable to the effects of the effects of the coronavirus. Thus, developing surveillance systems for predicting COVID-19 pandemic in an early stage saves millions of lives. In this study, the deep learning algorithm and Holt-trend model is proposed to predict coronavirus. The Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm and Holt-trend were applied to predict confirmed numbers and death cases. The real time data have been collected from the World Health Organization (WHO). In the proposed research, we have considered three countries to test the proposed model namely Saudi Arabia, Spain and Italy. The results suggest that the LSTM models showed better performance in predicting the cases of coronavirus patients. Standard measure performance MSE, RMSE, Mean error and correlation are employed to estimate the results of the proposed models. The empirical results of the LSTM by using correlation metric are 99.94%, 99.94% and 99.91 to predict number of confirmed cases on COVID-19 in three countries. Regarding the prediction results of LSTM model to predict the number of death on COVID-19 are 99.86%, 98.876% and 99.16 with respect to the Saudi Arabia, Italy and Spain respectively. Similarly the experimented results of Holt-Trend to predict the number of confirmed cases on COVID-19 by using correlation metrics are 99.06%, 99.96% and 99.94, whereas the results of Holt-Trend to predict the number of death cases are 99.80%, 99.96 and 99.94 with respect to the Saudi Arabia, Italy and Spain respectively. The empirical results indicate the efficient performance of the presented model in predicting the number of confirmed and death cases of COVID-19 in these countries. Such findings provide better insights about the future of COVID-19 in general. The results were obtained by applying the time series models which needs to be considered for the sake of saving the lives of many people.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ICU WAITING AND MORTALITY RATE IN PATIENTS UNDER MECHANICAL VENTILATION ADMITTED IN EMERGENCY ROOM
Authors: da Silva Andrade Layanna Alves , Borges Mônica Lúcia Soares , Reis Geovane Rossone , Teixeira Aktor Hugo , da Silva Rebeca Oliveira Crispim , dos Santos Izabella Kássia Teixeira , de Abreu Gilvanea Kézia Gomes , de Aguiar Amanda Silva 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe number of patients who remain on prolonged mechanical ventilatory assistance has recently increased. The average length of hospital stay intervenes directly with the number of beds essential for assistance to a given population and is weighted as an indicator of service efficiency.ObjectiveTo investigate the average time in which patients on mechanical ventilation admitted to the emergency department of a hospital remain waiting for a place in the ICU.Materials and MethodsQuantitative field research, where data collection was performed using data from medical records, admission books, death books / outcome of hospitalized patients and in line with pre-established criteria under mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation patients admitted to the ER and the ICU, over 18 years old, were recruited.ResultsThe research comprises a sample of 67 patients. The average hospital stay was 334 hours and 36 minutes. The general ratio was for every 03 patients who entered for treatment, 01 was discharged and 02 died. The total mortality rate of the sample was 68.65%.ConclusionThe length of stay in ER and ICU in patients on mechanical ventilation is related to the high mortality rate.
Association of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), Adult Pneumococcal and Adult Seasonal Influenza Vaccines with Covid-19 Adjusted Mortality Rates in Level 4 European countries
Authors: Gallagher Joe , Watson Chris , Ledwidge Mark 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionNon-specific effects of vaccines have gained increasing interest during the Covid-19 pandemic. In particular, population use of BCG vaccine has been associated with improved outcomes. This study sought to determine the association of population use of BCG, adult pneumococcal and adult seasonal influenza vaccination with Covid-19 mortality when adjusted for a number of confounding variables.MethodsUsing publicly available data, mortality adjusted for the timeframe of crisis, population size and population characteristics was calculated. The primary analysis was the relationship between each of the day 15 and day 30 standardised mortality rates and BCG, adult pneumococcal and influenza vaccination scores using unadjusted measures and with adjustment for population structure and case fatality rates. Secondary analyses were measures of case increases and mortality increases from day 15 to day 30 for each of the relative vaccination scores. Finally, we also analysed the peak Z score reflecting increases in total mortality from historical averages reported by EuroMOMO (Euromomo.eu),ResultsFollowing adjustment for the effects of population size, median age, population density, the proportion of population living in an urban setting, life-expectancy, the elderly dependency ratio (or proportion over 65 years), net migration, days from day 1 to lockdown and case-fatality rate, only BCG vaccination score remained significantly associated with Covid-19 mortality at day 30. In the best fit model, BCG vaccination score was associated with a 64% reduction in log(10) mortality per 10 million population (OR 0.362 reduction [95% CI 0.188 to 0.698]), following adjustment for population size, median age, density, urbanization, elderly dependency ratio, days to lockdown, yearly migration and case fatality rate.ConclusionBCG vaccine was associated with reduced mortality rates in level 4 countries while adult pneumococcal and adult seasonal influenza vaccines were not when adjusted for a number of confounding variables. A number of trials are ongoing to determine if BCG is protective against severe Covid-19 infection.
Correlates of suicidality in men with psychogenic sexual dysfunction
Authors: Rajkumar Ravi Philip 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsychogenic sexual disorders in men, such as erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation, are often associated with anxiety and depression. However, no study has systematically examined the link between these disorders and suicidality.AimTo assess the frequency and correlates of suicidal ideas and behaviour in men with a primary diagnosis of psychogenic sexual dysfunction.MethodThe current study is a retrospective chart review of 64 Indian men with psychogenic sexual dysfunction, presenting to our clinic in the period 2013–14. Demographic and clinical variables associated with the presence of suicidal ideation or attempts in these patients were examined.ResultsNine (14.1%) patients experienced suicidal ideation related to their disorder, and four (6.3%) had made a suicide attempt. Depression, childhood adversity, and a family history of alcoholism were associated with suicidal ideation, while ongoing stressful life events were associated with suicide attempts.ConclusionsAssessment of suicidality should be part of the routine evaluation of men with sexual dysfunction, particularly when other risk factors are present.
Identification of rare transient somatic cell states induced by injury and required for whole-body regeneration
Authors: Benham-Pyle Blair W. , Brewster Carolyn E. , Kent Aubrey M. , Mann Frederick G. , Chen Shiyuan , Scott Allison R. , Box Andrew C. , Alvarado Alejandro Sánchez 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRegeneration requires functional coordination of stem cells, their progeny, and differentiated cells. Past studies have focused on regulation of stem cell identity and proliferation near to the wound-site, but less is known about contributions made by differentiated cells distant to the injury. Here, we present a comprehensive atlas of whole-body regeneration over time and identify rare, transient, somatic cell states induced by injury and required for regeneration. To characterize amputation-specific signaling across a whole animal, 299,998 single-cell transcriptomes were captured from planarian tissue fragments competent and incompetent to regenerate. Amputation-specific cell states were rare, non-uniformly distributed across tissues, and particularly enriched in muscle (mesoderm), epidermis (ectoderm), and intestine (endoderm). Moreover, RNAi-mediated knockdown of genes up-regulated in amputation-specific cell states drastically reduced regenerative capacity. These results identify novel cell states and molecules required for whole-body regeneration and indicate that regenerative capacity requires transcriptional plasticity in a rare subset of differentiated cells.
Robust information routing by dorsal subiculum neurons
Authors: Kitanishi Takuma , Umaba Ryoko , Mizuseki Kenji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe hippocampus conveys various information associated with spatial navigation; yet, information distribution to multiple downstream areas remains unknown. We investigated this by identifying axonal projections using optogenetics during large-scale recordings from the rat subiculum, the major hippocampal output structure. Subicular neurons demonstrated a noise-resistant representation of place, speed, and trajectory, which was as accurate as that of hippocampal CA1 neurons. Speed and trajectory information was most prominently sent to the retrosplenial cortex and nucleus accumbens, respectively. Place information was distributed uniformly to the retrosplenial cortex, nucleus accumbens, anteroventral thalamus, and medial mammillary body. Information transmission by projection neurons was tightly controlled by theta oscillations and sharp-wave/ripples in a target region-specific manner. In conclusion, the subiculum robustly routes diverse navigation-associated information to downstream areas.One Sentence SummaryThe subiculum accurately and robustly represents diverse information and routes it in a target region-specific manner.
Examination of a first-in-class bis-dialkylnorspermidine-terphenyl antibiotic in topical formulation against mono and polymicrobial biofilms
Authors: Miller Mariël , Rogers Jeffery C. , Badham Marissa A. , Cadenas Lousili , Brightwell Eian , Adams Jacob , Tyler Cole , Sebahar Paul R. , Haussener Travis J. , Reddy Hariprassada K. , Looper Ryan E. , Williams Dustin L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBiofilm-impaired tissue is a significant factor in chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers. Most, if not all, anti-biotics in clinical use have been optimized against planktonic phenotypes. In this study, anin vitroassessment was performed to determine the potential efficacy of a unique first-in-class series of antibiofilm antibiotics and compare outcomes to current clinical standards of care. The agent, CZ-01179, was formulated into a hydrogel and tested against mature biofilms of a clinical isolate of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusandPseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853 using two separate methods. In the first method, biofilms were grown on cellulose discs on an agar surface. Topical agents were spread on gauze and placed over the biofilms for 24 h. Biofilms were quantified and imaged with confocal and scanning electron microscopy. In the second method, biofilms were grown on bioabsorbable collagen coupons in a modified CDC biofilm reactor. Coupons were immersed in treatment for 24 h. The first method was limited in its ability to assess efficacy. Efficacy profiles against biofilms grown on collagen were more definitive, with CZ-01179 gel eradicating well-established biofilms to a greater degree compared to clinical standards. In conclusion, CZ-01179 may be a promising topical agent that targets the biofilm phenotype. Pre-clinical work is currently being performed to determine the translatable potential of CZ-01179 gel.
Factors Influencing Precision Medicine Knowledge and Attitudes
Authors: Chakravarthy Rohini , Stallings Sarah , Williams Michael , Hollister Megan , Davidson Mario , Canedo Juan , Wilkins Consuelo H. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTPrecision medicine holds great promise for improving health and reducing health disparities that can be most fully realized by advancing diversity and inclusion in research participants. Without engaging underrepresented groups, precision medicine could not only fail to achieve its promise but also further exacerbate the health disparities already burdening the most vulnerable. Yet underrepresentation by people of non-European ancestry continues in precision medicine research and there are disparities across racial groups in the uptake of precision medicine applications and services. Studies have explored possible explanations for population differences in precision medicine participation, but full appreciation of the factors involved is still developing. To better inform the potential for addressing health disparities through PM, we assessed the relationship of precision medicine knowledge and trust in biomedical research with sociodemographic variables. Using a series of linear regression models applied to survey data collected in a diverse sample, we analyzed variation in both precision medicine knowledge and trust in biomedical research with socioeconomic factors as a way to understand the range of precision medicine knowledge (PMK) in a broadly representative group and its relationship to trust in research and demographic characteristics. Our results demonstrate that identifying as Black, while significantly PMK, explains only 1.5% of the PMK variance in unadjusted models and 7% of overall variance in models adjusted for meaningful covariates such as age, marital status, employment, and education. We also found a positive association between PMK and trust in biomedical research. These results indicate that race is a factor affecting PMK, even after accounting for differences in sociodemographic variables. Additional work is needed, however, to identify other factors contributing to variation in PMK as we work to increase diversity and inclusion in precision medicine applications.
Experiences of cervical cancer survivors in Chitwan, Nepal: a qualitative study
Authors: Shrestha Gambhir , Mulmi Rashmi , Phuyal Prabin , Thakur Rahul Kumar , Siwakoti Bhola 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionCervical cancer is a global leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The majority of cervical cancer deaths occur in developing countries including Nepal. Though knowledge of cervical cancer is an important determinant of women’s participation in prevention and screening for cervical cancer, little is known about this topic in Nepal. This study explores the experiences of cervical cancer survivors and assesses the attitude of family and community towards it and stigma related to this disease in Bharatpur, Nepal.MethodsThe study design is qualitative methods involving two focus-group discussions. A total of 17 cervical cancer survivors were selected purposively from Chitwan. All qualitative data were transcribed and translated into English and were thematically analyzed.ResultsMajority of the participants had scant knowledge about cervical cancer, its causative agent, showed less cervical cancer screening, delayed healthcare-seeking behavior despite having persistent symptoms before the diagnosis. The main reasons identified for not uptaking the cervical screening methods are an embarrassment and having no symptoms at all. Most of them endured social stigma related to cervical cancer in the form of physical isolation and verbal abuse.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need for interventions to make women and the public aware of cervical cancer and launch effective health education campaigns, policies for cervical cancer prevention programs. This implementation can save the lives of hundreds of women and help them avoid going through all the negative experiences related to cervical cancer. More studies are required to gain the perspectives, knowledge, experiences, and attitudes of cervical cancer survivors to add to the research.
The coupling of global brain activity and cerebrospinal fluid inflow is correlated with Alzheimer’s disease related pathology
Authors: Han Feng , Chen Jing , Belkin-Rosen Aaron , Gu Yameng , Luo Liying , Buxton Orfeu M. , Liu Xiao ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe glymphatic system plays an important role in clearing the amyloid-β and tau proteins that are closely linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Glymphatic clearance, as well as amyloid-β accumulation, is highly dependent on sleep, but the sleep-dependent driving forces behind cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) movements essential to the glymphatic flux remain largely unclear. Recent studies have reported that widespread, high-amplitude spontaneous brain activations in the drowsy state and during sleep, which are shown as large global signal peaks in resting-state fMRI, is coupled with the CSF movements, suggesting their potential link to the glymphatic flux and metabolite clearance. By analyzing multimodal data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative project, here we showed that the coupling between the global fMRI signal and CSF influx is correlated with AD-related pathology, including various risk factors for AD, the severity of AD-related diseases, the cortical amyloid-β level, and the cognitive decline over a two-year follow-up. These results provide critical initial evidence for involvement of sleep-dependent global brain activity, as well as the associated physiological modulations, in the clearance of AD-related brain waste.
A modest increase in 11C-PK11195-PET TSPO binding in depression is not associated with serum C-reactive protein or body mass index
Authors: Schubert Julia J. , Veronese Mattia , Fryer Tim D. , Manavaki Roido , Kitzbichler Manfred G. , Nettis Maria A. , Mondelli Valeria , Pariante Carmine M. , Bullmore Edward T. ,   NIMA Consortium, Turkheimer Federico E 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDImmune mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression, and translocator-protein (TSPO) targeted positron emission tomography (PET) has been used to assess neuroinflammation in major depressive disorder. We aimed to: (i) test the prior hypothesis of significant case-control differences in TSPO binding in anterior cingulate (ACC), prefrontal (PFC) and insular (INS) cortical regions; and (ii) explore the relationship between cerebral TSPO binding and peripheral blood concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP).METHODS51 depressed cases with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score > 13 (median 17; IQR 16-22) and 25 healthy matched controls underwent dynamic brain 11C-PK11195 PET and peripheral blood immune marker characterisation. Depressed cases were divided into high CRP (>3mg/L;N=20) and low CRP (<3mg/L;N=31).RESULTSAcross the three regions, TSPO binding was significantly increased in cases vs controls (; F(1,71)=6.97, P=0.01). which was not influenced by differences in body mass index (BMI). The case-control difference was greatest in ACC (d=0.49; t(74)=2.00, .P=0.03) and not significant in PFC or INS (d=0.27; d=0.36). Following CRP stratification, significantly higher TSPO binding was observed in low CRP depression compared to controls (d=0.53; t(54)=1.96, P=0.03). These effect sizes are comparable to prior MDD case-control TSPO PET data. No significant correlations were observed between TSPO and CRP measures.CONCLUSIONSConsistent with previous findings, there is a modest increase in TSPO binding in depressed cases compared to healthy controls. The lack of a significant correlation between brain TSPO binding and blood CRP concentration or BMI poses questions about the interactions between central and peripheral immune responses in the pathogenesis of depression.
Clinical genetics and its adjacent regimes
Authors: Lange T. , Rigter T. , Vrijenhoek T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClinical genetics is the prime application of genetics in healthcare, providing highly advanced and reliable diagnostics for patients with (mostly rare) disease of genetic origin. Whereas many novel technologies have expanded the genetic toolkit, integration or alignment with other areas of healthcare is often challenging. We hypothesise that this is due to the characteristics inherent to the regimes in which the genetic technologies were to be implemented. In order to facilitate integration of genetic applications in a rebooting and perhaps transforming healthcare system, we here provide insights in discrepancies between clinical genetics and four of its adjacent regimes; public health, human genetic research, non-genetic healthcare, and society. We conducted twelve semi-structured group interviews and a focus group to collect information on overlapping and distinctive elements of each regime. We identified three aspects in which the adjacent regimes differed considerably compared to clinical genetics; perception of data, expectations from technologies, and compartimentalisation units. Strikingly, divergence within each of these aspects was determined by elements of culture, and not – as is often thought – by elements of structure, e.g. regulation and policy. We conclude that implementation of genetics requires transdisciplinary empathy – understanding of the way of organizing, thinking and doing in adjacent regimes.