bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postdischarge symptoms and rehabilitation needs in survivors of COVID‐19 infection: A cross‐sectional evaluation
Authors: Halpin Stephen J. , McIvor Claire , Whyatt Gemma , Adams Anastasia , Harvey Olivia , McLean Lyndsay , Walshaw Christopher , Kemp Steven , Corrado Joanna , Singh Rajinder , Collins Tamsin , O'Connor Rory J. , Sivan Manoj 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is currently very limited information on the nature and prevalence of post‐COVID‐19 symptoms after hospital discharge.MethodsA purposive sample of 100 survivors discharged from a large University hospital were assessed 4 to 8 weeks after discharge by a multidisciplinary team of rehabilitation professionals using a specialist telephone screening tool designed to capture symptoms and impact on daily life. EQ‐5D‐5L telephone version was also completed.ResultsParticipants were between 29 and 71 days (mean 48 days) postdischarge from hospital. Thirty‐two participants required treatment in intensive care unit (ICU group) and 68 were managed in hospital wards without needing ICU care (ward group). New illness‐related fatigue was the most common reported symptom by 72% participants in ICU group and 60.3% in ward group. The next most common symptoms were breathlessness (65.6% in ICU group and 42.6% in ward group) and psychological distress (46.9% in ICU group and 23.5% in ward group). There was a clinically significant drop in EQ5D in 68.8% in ICU group and in 45.6% in ward group.ConclusionsThis is the first study from the United Kingdom reporting on postdischarge symptoms. We recommend planning rehabilitation services to manage these symptoms appropriately and maximize the functional return of COVID‐19 survivors.
Precipitation in peninsular Spain: Influence of teleconnection indices and spatial regionalisation
Authors: Martinez‐Artigas Joan , Lemus‐Canovas Marc , Lopez‐Bustins Joan Albert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrecipitation constitutes a particularly variable climatic element in Spain. Study of teleconnection indices, closely related to precipitation, enables us to establish to a greater or lesser degree the mechanisms regulating pluviometric variability; these are vital for planning and managing water resources in semiarid regions. In the present article we attempt to identify the low‐frequency patterns that present the closest statistical relationship with rainfall for each of the points on the MOPREDAS pluviometric data grid, covering the whole area of peninsular Spain. The results obtained reveal the clear dominance of Mediterranean Basin patterns, specifically of the Mediterranean Oscillation (MO) and of its version in the mid‐levels of the troposphere (ULMO). Results, however, show a significant dominance of the Western Mediterranean Oscillation (WeMO) in the east of the Iberian Peninsula and the eastern part of the Cantabrian façade. Also noteworthy is the control exerted by the NAO over much of the centre and southwest of Spain, as well as the surprising dominance of an index that heretofore has not been used much, known as the Paris‐London Westerly Index. Finally, we performed a regionalisation based upon the correlations between the teleconnection and precipitation indices by means of a principal components analysis, which revealed the existence of three differentiated pluviometric regions in peninsular Spain: Atlantic (centre and south), Mediterranean (east) and Cantabrian (north).
Glycemic Response to a Renal‐Specific Oral Nutritional Supplement in Patients With Diabetes Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Patel Vishal Nainesh , Dijk Giulia , Malarkey Bridget , Brooke Jennifer R. , Whelan Kevin , MacLaughlin Helen L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes and malnutrition are common in patients with kidney failure. We aimed to evaluate the postprandial glucose response to oral nutritional supplement drinks (ONSs) in patients with diabetes undergoing hemodialysis treatment.MethodsA randomized, single‐blind crossover study was conducted in patients with diabetes, and requiring chronic hemodialysis. Patients consumed either a renal‐specific ONS, macronutrient‐matched ONS, or standard ONS on 3 separate study days, during dialysis, following an overnight fast. Blood was collected before and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes post ingestion. Mean net incremental area under the curve (iAUC) and peak incremental blood glucose concentration were compared across conditions, using analyses of variance.ResultsConsumption of the renal‐specific ONS resulted in the lowest mean net iAUC (87.9 ± 169.0 mmol/L per 3 hours) compared with macronutrient‐matched (188.0 ± 127.5 mmol/L per 3 hours) and standard ONS (199.5 ± 169.2 mmol/L per 3 hours) (F2,30 = 5.115, P = 0.012, partial n2 = 0.254). Pairwise comparisons demonstrated a mean difference of 100.1 mmol/L per 3 hours (95% CI, −2.8 to 202.9) in mean iAUC between the renal‐specific ONS and macronutrient‐matched ONS (P = 0.058). Peak blood glucose concentration, corrected for baseline, was significantly lower after the renal‐specific ONS (1.40 ± 1.0 mmol/L) compared with both macronutrient‐matched (2.02 ± 0.71 mmol/L, P = 0.036) and standard ONS (2.3 ± 1.06 mmol/L, P = 0.017).ConclusionA renal‐specific ONS elicits a lower postprandial glucose response than either macronutrient‐matched ONS or standard ONS in patients with diabetes during hemodialysis.
Rejuvenating a Versatile Photonic Material: Thin‐Film Lithium Niobate
Authors: Honardoost Amirmahdi , Abdelsalam Kamal , Fathpour Sasan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe excellent optical and unique material properties of lithium niobate have long established it as a prevailing photonic material, especially for the long‐haul telecom modulator and wavelength‐converter applications. However, conventional lithium niobate optical waveguides are bulky, hence large‐scale photonic circuit implementations are impeded and high power requirements are imposed. To address these shortcomings, thin‐film lithium niobate technology has been a topic of intense research in the last few years and a plethora of ultracompact devices with significantly superior performances than the conventional counterparts have been demonstrated. These efforts have rejuvenated lithium niobate for novel electro‐, nonlinear‐, and quantum‐optic applications. Herein, the most recent advancements of this booming field are summarized and a perspective for future directions is given.
Clinical characteristics and genotype‐phenotype correlations of 130 Chinese children in a high‐homogeneity single‐center cohort with 5α‐reductase 2 deficiency
Authors: Fan Lijun , Song Yanning , Polak Michel , Li Lele , Ren Xiaoya , Zhang Beibei , Wu Di , Gong Chunxiu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with steroid 5α‐reductase 2 deficiency (5α‐RD) caused by SRD5A2 (OMIM #607306) variants present variable genotypes and phenotypes. The genotype‐phenotype correlations remain unclear.MethodsWe investigated genotype‐phenotype correlations of SRD5A2 variants in a large Chinese single‐center cohort. Phenotypes were categorized using the external masculinization score (EMS), urethral meatus and gonad position, and penile length‐standard deviation score.ResultsOf the 130 included patients, 113 had hypospadias, and 17 had a normal urethral meatus position. Testosterone/dihydrotestosterone (T/DHT) values were not significantly associated with phenotypic severity (p = 0.539–0.989). Of the 31 SRD5A2 variants, including 10 novel variants, p.R227Q was the most prevalent (39.62%), followed by p.Q6* (16.92%), p.R246Q (13.46%), and p.G203S (10.38%). Compared to biallelic missense mutations, biallelic nonsense mutations were associated with a lower EMS and urethral meatus score (p = 0.009 and p = 0.024, respectively). Patients homozygous for p.R227Q exhibited mild and variable phenotypes, while those homozygous for p.Q6*, p.R246Q, or p.G203S showed consistently severe phenotypes. The phenotypes were variable and milder in patients with compound heterozygosity for p.R227Q and these mutations.ConclusionT/DHT does not predict phenotype severity. The most prevalent SRD5A2 variant in Han Chinese is p.R227Q, which is associated with milder phenotypes and greater phenotypic variability. SRD5A2 variants may significantly influence phenotypic variation.
Long‐Term Intake of Pork Meat Proteins Altered the Composition of Gut Microbiota and Host‐Derived Proteins in the Gut Contents of Mice
Authors: Xie Yunting , Wang Chao , Zhao Di , Zhou Changyu , Li Chunbao 
Published: July 2020

ScopeThis study is to investigate the effects of long‐term intake of pork protein on the composition of gut microbiota and proteins in mice.Methods and resultsC57BL/6J mice are fed pork meat protein diets for 240 days, and the composition of gut microbiota and proteins in luminal contents from the duodenum to the colon are analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and LC‐MS/MS. The stewed pork protein diet group has a highly similar microbiota composition to that of the cooked pork protein diet group, but different from the pork emulsion sausage or dry‐cured pork protein diet groups. Lachnospiraceae NK4A136, Odoribacter, Defluviitaleaceae UCG‐011, Ruminiclostridium 9, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcaceae UCG‐010 play an important role in response to changes in gut luminal proteins. Specific microbes are significantly correlated with the Cela3b and Cpa1 that are derived from the host and involve protein digestion and absorption.ConclusionsPork meat protein diets alter the gut microbiota composition and specific gut microbes may have a great impact on protein digestion and absorption by regulating the secretion of digestive proteins from the host. These findings provide a new insight into the associations of long‐term intake of meat protein diet with gut microbiota and host.
Effects of nursing power and organizational trust on nurse’s responsiveness and orientation to patient needs
Authors: Ko YuKyung , Yu Soyoung , Jeong Seok Hee 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the relationship among perceived nursing group power, organizational trust and patient orientation and identify patient orientation predictors.BackgroundNurses and nursing organizations should use all resources to give care.MethodsSurvey data were collected from 193 nurses at six acute care hospitals in South Korea. Characteristics of hospitals and nurses were analysed using t tests, one‐way ANOVAs and regression models.ResultsThe means for perceived nursing group power, organizational trust and patient orientation were 3.71 (SD± 0.58), 3.22 (SD± 0.83) and 3.94 (SD± 0.53), respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that 40% of the variance in patient orientation was explained by perceived nursing group power, organizational trust and work experience.ConclusionHospitals should increase nursing group power and improve organizational trust to enhance patient orientation. Hospital executives and nurse managers should work to enhance nursing group power and positive perceptions of organizational trust, which could contribute to patient orientation.
Nutritional habits among nursing students using Moore Index for Nutrition Self Care: A cross‐sectional study from the nursing school Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bashatah Adel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe topics of under‐nutrition and over‐nutrition are important and have significant roles in adolescent life. These concepts must be explored in adolescents owing to the undesirable effects that being underweight or overweight causes.PurposeTo evaluate the nutrition habits among adolescents from King Saud University nursing school in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia using the Arabic Version of Moore Index for Nutrition Self Care.MethodThis was a cross‐sectional study carried out at a King Saud University nursing school campus to evaluate the Nutrition habits among adolescents. Self‐care practises related to nutrition were assessed by using a self‐report questionnaire that consisted of 50 items assessed on a five‐point Likert scale. Data were collected between January to March 2019.FindingsThe study results revealed that most students 120 (85.7%) had fair nutritional habits, while 11 (7.9%) had good nutritional habits and 9 (7.9%) had poor nutritional habits. There was a significant difference between those who exercised regularly (mean 53.42) and those who did not exercise regularly (mean 46.83; p = .002). In addition, simple linear regression revealed that working out regularly was associated with the score on the nutritional questionnaire (β = −6.41; SE 2.5, p = .01). Results revealed no significant associations between gender or age and (p = .8; p = .9) nutritional score.ConclusionTo increase levels of good nutritional habits and awareness, it may be useful to adopt educational programs for dietary consumption and physical training promotion.
Predictors of hospital‐based registered nurses' engagement in on‐the‐job policy activities
Authors: Bar Yosef Alexandra , Weiss‐Gal Idit , Kagan Ilya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNurses have been urged to participate in public policy‐formulation processes as an integral part of their professional role through collective and personal policy activities. However, there is only limited empirical data on this participation. This cross‐sectional study examined the level and the predictors of the personal policy activities of 200 Israeli hospital‐based registered nurses undertaken in their work setting and aimed at furthering hospital, local or national policies. The nurses completed questionnaires that examined policy activities, policy skills, political interest, political efficacy, political and professional network involvement, and organizational support for policy activities. The overall engagement of nurses in on‐the‐job policy activities was limited and focused primarily on their immediate surroundings, their departments and their hospitals, and much less on local or national policies. The most common policy activities were internal and indirect and included receiving feedback from patients to improve nursing care policy and calling colleagues' attention to policy issues. Positive significant correlations emerged between motivational and organizational factors and personal policy activities, and these contributed 55% to the explained variance. The findings enhance the relevance of integrating motivational and organizational factors in understanding the policy activity of nurses. As such, increasing personal involvement of hospital nurses in policy formulation processes requires professional training that seeks to improve nurses' policy skills, to enhance their political interest and efficacy, and to encourage their involvement in political and professional networks. In addition, hospitals need to cultivate an organizational culture that supports personal policy activities by nurses.
A technology‐based information and coaching/support program and self‐efficacy of Asian American breast cancer survivors
Authors: Im Eun‐Ok , Yi Jee‐Seon , Kim Hyeoneui , Chee Wonshik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWomen's self‐efficacy for coping with breast cancer is one of the key factors that lead to successful breast cancer survivorship. Due to the cultural stigma linked to breast cancer (e.g., breast cancer is a genetic disease), Asian Americans are known as a high‐risk group within breast cancer survivors. However, healthcare providers are challenged to promote women's self‐efficacy while considering their cultural beliefs and attitudes. In this study, the efficacy of a technology‐based information and coaching/support program was examined in improving self‐efficacy for coping with breast cancer among Asian American survivors. A randomized repeated measures control group study was conducted with 67 Asian American breast cancer survivors. The questions on background characteristics, the Personal Resource Questionnaire, the Perceived Isolation Scale, the Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form 34, and the Cancer Behavior Inventory were used. The data were analyzed using repeated measurement analyses, χ2 tests, and decision tree analyses. There were significant increases in the self‐efficacy scores of both control and intervention groups over time (p = .017). However, the increase in the control group's self‐efficacy scores was only up to post 1 month, and there was a decrease in the scores by post 3 months. When the participants were divided into high and low‐change groups based on the changes in their self‐efficacy scores for 3 months, the intervention group had more participants who belonged to the high‐change group (p = .036). The technology‐based intervention was effective in improving self‐efficacy for coping with breast cancer among Asian American breast cancer survivors.
Risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications in children with severely compromised pulmonary function secondary to severe scoliosis
Authors: AL‐Iede Montaha M. , Al‐Zayadneh Enas , Bridge Corinne , Alqutawneh Basim , Waters Karen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesAfter corrective surgery for scoliosis, postoperative pulmonary complications lead to increases in morbidity, length of hospital stay (LOS) and mortality. This study aimed to identify associations with such respiratory complications, and to assess the utility of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in children with severe scoliosisMethodsThis retrospective cohort study included all children aged ≤17 years who underwent spinal surgery for scoliosis between January 2009 and January 2012 at a quaternary pediatric hospital. Data were collated regarding polysomnography (PSG) and NIV use, before and after corrective surgery. Factors associated with severely compromised pulmonary function (SCPF) were established and correlations with the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications and LOS were identified.ResultsAltogether, 133 children had corrective surgery for scoliosis, aged 12.7 (range: 2‐17) years at operation. Scoliosis causes were identified as: idiopathic (39.8%), neuromuscular disease (32.2%), syndrome (15.7%), and congenital (12%). Correlates with SCPF (forced vital capacity [FVC] <40% predicted, n = 10) included markers of sleep hypoventilation, including serum bicarbonate ≥29 mmol/L, morning pCO2 > 50mm Hg (P = .003), and overnight, episodic CO2 retention of >7 mm Hg. Using these parameters an additional eight children with SCPF were identified making a total of 18 out of 133 (13.5%) of the patients. Postoperative pulmonary complications were seen in 24 children (18%) and their occurrence correlated with higher Cobb angle (>90°), lower pulmonary function (FVC), higher serum bicarbonate and underlying neuromuscular disease. Amongst the 18 children with SCPF, regular use of NIV preoperatively was associated with reduced rate of postoperative pulmonary complications (P = .02) and reduced LOS by 6.4 days (P = .01).ConclusionNocturnal hypoventilation on PSG identifies children with SCPF. Use of NIV in children with SCPF was linked to fewer postoperative pulmonary complications and reduced duration of hospital stay.
Experimental Performance Assessment of Layered Thermobaric Explosive in an Explosion Chamber
Authors: Xu Qi Peng , Zhang Yu Lei , Wang Xin Jie , Su Jian Jun , Liu Yan , Huang Feng Lei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExplosion experiments of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) based layered thermobaric explosive (TBX) were carried out in an explosion chamber. The layered TBX was prepared by combination of both press and cast procedures, and the shock overpressure, quasi‐static pressure (QSP), heat flux, and oxygen concentration data were obtained. The results show that the corresponding parameters of TBX are significantly larger compared with TNT, which indicates obvious thermobaric effects of TBX. To correctly evaluate the performance of the layered TBX, the TNT equivalent model based on the overpressure and QSP of TBX was established, which could reflect the two stages of detonation and post combustion effects of the TBX.
Crystal structure of a GH1 β‐glucosidase from Hamamotoa singularis
Authors: Uehara Ryo , Iwamoto Riki , Aoki Sayaka , Yoshizawa Takuya , Takano Kazufumi , Matsumura Hiroyoshi , Tanaka Shun‐ichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA GH1 β‐glucosidase from the fungus Hamamotoa singularis (HsBglA) has high transgalactosylation activity and efficiently converts lactose to galactooligosaccharides. Consequently, HsBglA is among the most widely used enzymes for industrial galactooligosaccharide production. Here, we present the first crystal structures of HsBglA with and without 4′‐galactosyllactose, a tri‐galactooligosaccharide, at 3.0 and 2.1 Å resolutions, respectively. These structures reveal details of the structural elements that define the catalytic activity and substrate binding of HsBglA, and provide a possible interpretation for its high catalytic potency for transgalactosylation reaction.
Effect of ammonia, ammonia‐water, and sulfuric acid on the HO2 + HO2 → H2O2 + 3O2 reaction in troposphere: Competition between stepwise and one‐step mechanisms
Authors: Wen Mingjie , Cao Xiru , Zhang Yongqi , Liang Meng , Zhang Tianlei , Muthiah Balaganesh , Zhou Ke , Roy Soumendra K. , Lily Makroni 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA detailed theoretical study on the reaction mechanisms for the formations of H2O2 + 3O2 from the self‐reaction of HO2 radicals under the effect of NH3, H3N···H2O, and H2SO4 catalysts was performed using the CCSD(T)/CBS//M06‐2X/aug‐cc‐pVTZ method. The rate constant was computed using canonical variational transition state theory (CVT) with small curvature tunneling (SCT). Our results indicate that NH3‐, H3N···H2O‐, and H2SO4‐catalyzed reactions could proceed through both one‐step and stepwise routes. Calculated rate constants show that the catalyzed routes in the presence of the three catalysts all prefer stepwise pathways. Compared to the catalytic efficiency of H2O, the efficiencies of NH3, H3N···H2O, and H2SO4 are much lower due to their smaller relative concentrations. The present results have provided a definitive example of how basic and acidic catalysts influence the atmospheric reaction of HO2 + HO2 → H2O2 + 3O2. These results further encourage one to consider the effects of basic and acidic catalysts on the related atmospheric reactions. Thus, the present investigation should have broad implications in the gas‐phase reactions of the atmosphere.