bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and evaluation of physical properties of Agar biopolymer film coating—an alternative for food packaging industry
Authors: Dora T Rajesh Kumar , Ghosh Somnath , Damodar R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The standard packaging material requirement is increasing proportionately with the increase in demand and consumption of packaged food. Indeed, it is challenging to design a perfect packaging material that can fall in line with international standards. It is a humongous task when it comes to handling conventionally and commercially available materials such as crude oil derivative polymers, as far as their recycling and degradability are concerned. In the present investigation, efforts were made to design a biopolymer-based film coating for the food packaging industry with adequate physical and mechanical properties. They can be used as a substitute for the conventionally available options till date. There is no shortage of biopolymers available for their application in food industry and they are already being used for similar purposes. However, still, there are some disadvantages associated with these materials. The present work is related to the synthesis, preparation of Agar based biopolymer film coating on a paper substrate, and their characterization according to specific standards prescribed by certifying agencies. It includes the study of Agar coated biopolymer film’s mechanical properties using nanoindentation technique, profilometry, and surface property such as hydrophobic nature of the coating and the gas barrier potential of the film as well. Apart from this, a new methodology (Image Processing Tools using MATLAB and Spectral Analysis) was used for studying the effect of moisture when these coatings were exposed to hot and moist environment.
Development of low temperature fuel cell holders for Operando x-ray micro and nano computed tomography to visualize water distribution
Authors: Kulkarni Devashish , Normile Stanley J , Connolly Liam G , Zenyuk Iryna V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Synchrotron x-ray imaging techniques, like x-ray computed tomography (CT) and radiography have proven instrumental in expanding the communities knowledge of complex transport and reaction kinetics in electrochemical devices such as fuel cells and electrolyzers. This work presents the development of novel x-ray CT imaging techniques for operando visualization of water within low temperature fuel cells at spatial resolutions spanning the micro and nano scales. The design of operando sample holders, for both micro x-ray CT and nano CT experiments is described in depth, and prototypes of these sample holders were evaluated across a set of requirements, the most important of which are x-ray transmissibility, electrical conductivity and mechanical stability. Water segmentation from micro x-ray CT data was enabled by an image subtraction method, where the image without water is subtracted from the one with water. Through iterative experimentations, the operando nano CT cell was developed to optimize mechanical compression, electric conductivity and gas flow. While three-dimensional fuel cell reconstructions were shown possible, there remain challenges to overcome at typical lower energies (8 keV) due to beam damage, whereas it is not as significant for higher energies (>17.5 keV).
Contextual and Parenting Factors Contribute to Shorter Sleep Among Hispanic/Latinx Compared to Non-Hispanic White Infants
Authors: Ash Tayla , Taveras Elsie M , Redline Susan , Haneuse Sebastien , Quante Mirja , Davison Kirsten 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Sleep is an important aspect of child development and health. Disparities in childhood sleep have been observed as early as infancy, but little is known about the factors contributing to them.

Purpose
The objective of this study was to examine whether intrinsic, contextual, and parenting factors contribute to differences in sleep duration between Hispanic/Latinx and non-Hispanic white infants at 6 months of age.

Methods
We analyzed data of 119 Hispanic/Latinx and 146 non-Hispanic white infants in Rise & SHINE, a prospective birth cohort study of mother–infant dyads. Mothers reported their infant’s sleep patterns using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire at 6 months. Mothers also completed surveys measuring intrinsic (sex, gestational length, and birth weight), contextual (cultural, environmental, and familial), and parenting (behaviors and practices) factors. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses to examine the contributing effects of these clusters of variables on the association between racial/ethnic background and infant sleep duration.

Results
Hispanic/Latinx infants slept 38 min less than white infants at 6 months (β: −0.63 [95% confidence interval: −1.07, −0.19]) and were nearly three times more likely to not meet the minimum sleep recommendation. The differences persisted after adjustment for intrinsic factors but were attenuated after additional adjustment for contextual and parenting factors, especially having a foreign-born mother and later bedtime.

Conclusions
The results of this study demonstrate that differences in sleep duration among Hispanic/Latinx infants compared to their white counterparts are present as early as 6 months of age and that context and parenting matter.
General and Eating Disorder Psychopathology in Relation to Short- and Long-Term Weight Change in Treatment-Seeking Children: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Grammer Anne Claire , Best John R , Fowler Lauren A , Balantekin Katherine N , Stein Richard I , Conlon Rachel P Kolko , Saelens Brian E , Welch R Robinson , Perri Michael G , Epstein Leonard H , Wilfley Denise E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Concurrent general psychopathology (GP) and eating disorder psychopathology (EDP) are commonly reported among youth with overweight/obesity and may impact weight change.

Purpose
We identified patterns of GP and EDP in children with overweight/obesity and examined the impact on weight change following family-based behavioral obesity treatment (FBT) and maintenance interventions.

Methods
Children (N = 172) participated in 4 month FBT and subsequent 8 month weight maintenance interventions. GP and EDP were assessed prior to FBT (baseline). Child percentage overweight was assessed at baseline, post-FBT (4 months), and post-maintenance (12 months). Latent profile analysis identified patterns of baseline GP and EDP. Linear mixed-effects models examined if profiles predicted 4- and 12-month change in percentage overweight and if there were two-way and three-way interactions among these variables, adjusting for relevant covariates.

Results
Results indicated a three-profile structure: lower GP and EDP (LOWER); subclinically elevated GP and EDP without loss of control (LOC; HIGHER); and subclinically elevated GP and EDP with LOC (HIGHER + LOC). Across profiles, children on average achieved clinically meaningful weight loss (i.e., ≥9 unit change in percentage overweight) from baseline to 4 month FBT and sustained these improvements at 12 month maintenance. There was no evidence that latent profiles were related to percentage overweight change from baseline to FBT (p &gt; .05) or baseline to maintenance (p &gt; .05). There was no evidence for two-way or three-way interactions (p &gt; .05).

Conclusion
Concurrent GP and EDP do not portend differential short- or long-term weight change following FBT and maintenance. Future research is warranted on the durability of weight change among youth with GP and EDP.

Trial registration
NCT00759746.
COVID-19 Knowledge Graph: a computable, multi-modal, cause-and-effect knowledge model of COVID-19 pathophysiology
Authors: Domingo-Fernández Daniel , Baksi Shounak , Schultz Bruce , Gadiya Yojana , Karki Reagon , Raschka Tamara , Ebeling Christian , Hofmann-Apitius Martin , Kodamullil Alpha Tom 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Summary
The COVID-19 crisis has elicited a global response by the scientific community that has led to a burst of publications on the pathophysiology of the virus. However, without coordinated efforts to organize this knowledge, it can remain hidden away from individual research groups. By extracting and formalizing this knowledge in a structured and computable form, as in the form of a knowledge graph, researchers can readily reason and analyze this information on a much larger scale. Here, we present the COVID-19 Knowledge Graph, an expansive cause-and-effect network constructed from scientific literature on the new coronavirus that aims to provide a comprehensive view of its pathophysiology. To make this resource available to the research community and facilitate its exploration and analysis, we also implemented a web application and released the KG in multiple standard formats.

Availability and implementation
The COVID-19 Knowledge Graph is publicly available under CC-0 license at https://github.com/covid19kg and https://bikmi.covid19-knowledgespace.de.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
BERTMeSH: deep contextual representation learning for large-scale high-performance MeSH indexing with full text
Authors: You Ronghui , Liu Yuxuan , Mamitsuka Hiroshi , Zhu Shanfeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Motivation
With the rapid increase of biomedical articles, large-scale automatic Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) indexing has become increasingly important. FullMeSH, the only method for large-scale MeSH indexing with full text, suffers from three major drawbacks: FullMeSH (i) uses Learning To Rank, which is time-consuming, (ii) can capture some pre-defined sections only in full text and (iii) ignores the whole MEDLINE database.

Results
We propose a computationally lighter, full text and deep-learning-based MeSH indexing method, BERTMeSH, which is flexible for section organization in full text. BERTMeSH has two technologies: (i) the state-of-the-art pre-trained deep contextual representation, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), which makes BERTMeSH capture deep semantics of full text. (ii) A transfer learning strategy for using both full text in PubMed Central (PMC) and title and abstract (only and no full text) in MEDLINE, to take advantages of both. In our experiments, BERTMeSH was pre-trained with 3 million MEDLINE citations and trained on ∼1.5 million full texts in PMC. BERTMeSH outperformed various cutting-edge baselines. For example, for 20 K test articles of PMC, BERTMeSH achieved a Micro F-measure of 69.2%, which was 6.3% higher than FullMeSH with the difference being statistically significant. Also prediction of 20 K test articles needed 5 min by BERTMeSH, while it took more than 10 h by FullMeSH, proving the computational efficiency of BERTMeSH.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online
Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 is required for mammary gland development†
Authors: Kim Globinna , Lee Jong Geol , Cheong Seung-A , Yon Jung-Min , Lee Myeong Sup , Hong Eui-Ju , Baek In-Jeoung 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The physiological functions of progesterone (P4) in female reproductive organs including the mammary glands are mediated via the progesterone receptor (PR), but not all P4 functions can be explained by PR-mediated signaling. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), a potential mediator of P4 actions, plays an important role in the ovary and uterus in maintaining female fertility and pregnancy, but its function in mammary glands has not been elucidated. This study investigated the role of PGRMC1 in mouse mammary gland development. Unlike in the uterus, exogenous estrogen (E2) and/or P4 did not alter PGRMC1 expression in the mammary gland, and Pgrmc1-knockout (KO) mice displayed reduced ductal elongation and side branching in response to hormone treatment. During pregnancy, PGRMC1 was expressed within both the luminal and basal epithelium and gradually increased with gestation and decreased rapidly after parturition. Moreover, although lactogenic capacity was normal after parturition, Pgrmc1 KO resulted in defective mammary gland development from puberty until midpregnancy, while the expression of PR and its target genes was not significantly different between wild-type and Pgrmc1-KO mammary gland. These data suggest that PGRMC1 is essential for mammary gland development during puberty and pregnancy in a PR-independent manner.
Cortical Interlaminar Astrocytes Are Generated Prenatally, Mature Postnatally, and Express Unique Markers in Human and Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Falcone Carmen , Penna Elisa , Hong Tiffany , Tarantal Alice F , Hof Patrick R , Hopkins William D , Sherwood Chet C , Noctor Stephen C , Martínez-Cerdeño Verónica 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Interlaminar astrocytes (ILAs) are a subset of cortical astrocytes that reside in layer I, express GFAP, have a soma contacting the pia, and contain long interlaminar processes that extend through several cortical layers. We studied the prenatal and postnatal development of ILAs in three species of primates (rhesus macaque, chimpanzee, and human). We found that ILAs are generated prenatally likely from radial glial (RG) cells, that ILAs proliferate locally during gestation, and that ILAs extend interlaminar processes during postnatal stages of development. We showed that the density and morphological complexity of ILAs increase with age, and that ILAs express multiple markers that are expressed by RG cells (Pax6, Sox2, and Nestin), specific to inner and outer RG cells (Cryab and Hopx), and astrocyte markers (S100β, Aqp4, and GLAST) in prenatal stages and in adult. Finally, we demonstrated that rudimentary ILAs in mouse also express the RG markers Pax6, Sox2, and Nestin, but do not express S100β, Cryab, or Hopx, and that the density and morphological complexity of ILAs differ between primate species and mouse. Together these findings contribute new information on astrogenesis of this unique class of cells and suggest a lineal relationship between RG cells and ILAs.
The Heritability of Cortical Folding: Evidence from the Human Connectome Project
Authors: Schmitt J Eric , Raznahan Armin , Liu Siyuan , Neale Michael C 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying cortical folding are incompletely understood. Prior studies have suggested that individual differences in sulcal depth are genetically mediated, with deeper and ontologically older sulci more heritable than others. In this study, we examine FreeSurfer-derived estimates of average convexity and mean curvature as proxy measures of cortical folding patterns using a large (N = 1096) genetically informative young adult subsample of the Human Connectome Project. Both measures were significantly heritable near major sulci and primary fissures, where approximately half of individual differences could be attributed to genetic factors. Genetic influences near higher order gyri and sulci were substantially lower and largely nonsignificant. Spatial permutation analysis found that heritability patterns were significantly anticorrelated to maps of evolutionary and neurodevelopmental expansion. We also found strong phenotypic correlations between average convexity, curvature, and several common surface metrics (cortical thickness, surface area, and cortical myelination). However, quantitative genetic models suggest that correlations between these metrics are largely driven by nongenetic factors. These findings not only further our understanding of the neurobiology of gyrification, but have pragmatic implications for the interpretation of heritability maps based on automated surface-based measurements.
English Politics and the Blasphemy Act of 1698
Authors: Davies Eloise 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In 1698, less than a decade after the Toleration Act, a blasphemy law was passed in England. No convictions were ever brought under the Act, and it has been largely neglected by historians. Yet, for all its apparent insignificance, the Blasphemy Act is an instructive episode in post-1688 politics, which sheds light on the political realignments of the post-revolutionary decade. The language of the blasphemy debates was theologically sophisticated, rooted in Calvin’s understanding of blasphemy as distinctively malicious, and it is clear that the contours of the extra-parliamentary Trinitarian controversy were a source of division in Westminster too. The Blasphemy Act was one means by which the Williamite bishops, under pressure from both the dissenter-dominated moral reform movement and High Church advocates of Convocation, tried to reassert the court’s moral leadership. But the significance of the dispute was not limited to ecclesiastical politics; the story of the Blasphemy Act was also closely entwined with that of the more famous ‘standing army’ controversy. William’s Court Whig ministers—often portrayed as areligious pragmatists—exploited the theological fault-lines among Country MPs to legitimise fiscal-military reform.
Compensatory and Multiplicative Advantages: Social Origin, School Performance, and Stratified Higher Education Enrolment in Finland
Authors: Heiskala Laura , Erola Jani , Kilpi-Jakonen Elina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe rules of intake, which determine how educational institutions are accessed, play a significant part in generating intergenerational educational inequalities. Different rules may allow parental advantages to compensate for students’ lack of advantages (such as academic performance) or to multiply and help only those students who are in a position to use such additional advantages. In this article, we study compensation and the multiplication of advantages in the context of the Finnish higher education system. Entrance exams and a dual model (universities and polytechnics) make this system stand out among many other Western countries and hence suitable for this study. Using high-quality Finnish register data, we study the associations between parental education and stratified higher education enrolment across the school performance distribution. Our results show that polytechnics provide access for poorly performing students from higher social origins (compensatory advantage). Polytechnic education also attracts well-performing students from lower social origins, which leads to a situation in which well-performing students with higher social origins have a substantially larger probability of enrolling in university compared to well-performing students with lower social origins (multiplicative advantage).
Association of β-blocker use with survival and pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yan-Li , Xiang Zi-Jian , Yang Jing-Hua , Wang Wen-Jie , Xu Zhi-Chun , Xiang Ruo-Lan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of β-blockers (BBs) on respiratory function and survival in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as the difference between the effects of cardioselective and noncardioselective BBs.

Methods and results
We searched for relevant literature in four electronic databases, namely, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, and compared the differences in various survival indicators between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease taking BBs and those not taking BBs. Forty-nine studies were included, with a total sample size of 670 594. Among these, 12 studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs; seven crossover and five parallel RCTs) and 37 studies were observational (including four post hoc analyses of data from RCTs). The hazard ratios (HRs) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were not treated with BBs and those who were treated with BBs, cardioselective BBs, and noncardioselective BBs were 0.77 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67, 0.89], 0.72 [95% CI 0.56, 0.94], and 0.98 [95% CI 0.71, 1.34, respectively] (HRs &lt;1 indicate favouring BB therapy). The HRs of all-cause mortality between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were not treated with BBs and those who were treated with BBs, cardioselective BBs, and noncardioselective BBs were 0.70 [95% CI 0.59, 0.83], 0.60 [95% CI 0.48, 0.76], and 0.74 [95% CI 0.60, 0.90], respectively (HRs &lt;1 indicate favouring BB therapy). Patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with cardioselective BBs showed no difference in ventilation effect after the use of an agonist, in comparison with placebo. The difference in mean change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 0.06 [95% CI −0.02, 0.14].

Conclusion
The use of BBs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not only safe but also reduces their all-cause and in-hospital mortality. Cardioselective BBs may even reduce chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. In addition, cardioselective BBs do not affect the action of bronchodilators. Importantly, BBs reduce the heart rate acceleration caused by bronchodilators. BBs should be prescribed freely when indicated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart disease.
De Novo Gene Birth, Horizontal Gene Transfer, and Gene Duplication as Sources of New Gene Families Associated with the Origin of Symbiosis inAmanita
Authors: Wang Yen-Wen , Hess Jaqueline , Slot Jason C , Pringle Anne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBy introducing novel capacities and functions, new genes and gene families may play a crucial role in ecological transitions. Mechanisms generating new gene families include de novo gene birth, horizontal gene transfer, and neofunctionalization following a duplication event. The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis is a ubiquitous mutualism and the association has evolved repeatedly and independently many times among the fungi, but the evolutionary dynamics enabling its emergence remain elusive. We developed a phylogenetic workflow to first understand if gene families unique to ECM Amanita fungi and absent from closely related asymbiotic species are functionally relevant to the symbiosis, and then to systematically infer their origins. We identified 109 gene families unique to ECM Amanita species. Genes belonging to unique gene families are under strong purifying selection and are upregulated during symbiosis, compared with genes of conserved or orphan gene families. The origins of seven of the unique gene families are strongly supported as either de novo gene birth (two gene families), horizontal gene transfer (four), or gene duplication (one). An additional 34 families appear new because of their selective retention within symbiotic species. Among the 109 unique gene families, the most upregulated gene in symbiotic cultures encodes a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, an enzyme capable of downregulating the synthesis of the plant hormone ethylene, a common negative regulator of plant-microbial mutualisms.
A new solution approach to the Serre equations
Authors: Jang T S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper concerns constructing a semi-analytic solution procedure for integrating the fully non-linear Serre equations (or 1D Green–Naghdi equations for constant water depth). The validity of the solution procedure is checked by investigating a moving solitary wave for which the analytical solution is known. The semi-analytic procedure constructed in this study is confirmed to be good at observing non-linear wave phenomena of the collision of a sufficiently high-amplitude solitary wave with a vertical wall. The simulated results are in a good agreement with data of other authors. Further, the procedure simulates the non-linear interaction of four solitary waves, which enables us to investigate the repeated reflection of a single solitary wave between two vertical walls.