bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic submacular hemorrhage: available treatment options and synthesis of the literature
Authors: Casini Giamberto , Loiudice Pasquale , Menchini Martina , Sartini Francesco , De Cillà Stefano , Figus Michele , Nardi Marco 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSub-macular hemorrhage (SMH) is a hematic collection between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium; one of its causes is ocular blunt trauma, that usually affects young patients. Persisting SMH leads to a damage of photoreceptors mediated by three main mechanisms: iron-related toxicity, impairment of diffusion of oxygen and nutriment, mechanical damage due to clot contraction. Since early photoreceptors’ damage has been reported within 24 h, it is suggested to provide an early treatment, although there are no guidelines or consensus between authors regarding treatment strategies. The aim of this review was to present and compare available treatment options, like intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) associated with pneumatic displacement, pneumatic displacement alone, subretinal tPA injection with pneumatic displacement, and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection. All procedures obtained consistent results, though the most effective seemed to be pars plana vitrectomy, subretinal tPA and gas tamponade, probably due to a quicker liquefaction and displacement of the clot. Limitations concern the greater invasiveness and the higher incidence of complications. Alternatively, intravitreal injection of tPA and gas may represent a less invasive option with fewer complications. Intravitreal injection of gas and prone position could be preferred in young patients without coexisting ocular pathology, being a minimally invasive treatment, with lower risk of complications and a good visual recovery. Anti-VEGF agent have found, to date, limited employment in cases of traumatic SMH even though they may be useful as alternative or adjuvant therapy. Most of the published literature consists of small studies and case reports, therefore further investigations and larger clinical trials are required to fully understand safety and efficacy of the procedures. A preoperative comprehensive evaluation may be helpful to realize a surgical plan tailored on patient.
Dietary diversity cutoff values predicting anemia varied between mid and term of pregnancy: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zerfu Taddese Alemu , Baye Kaleab , Faber Mieke 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCorrecting anemia during pregnancy often requires integrating food and non-food-based approaches. Nonetheless, little is known about specific dietary diversity (DD) cutoff values predicting risk of anemia during the different trimesters of pregnancy.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the lowest possible DD cutoff values associated with risk of maternal anemia at mid and term of pregnancy in a rural resource limited setting of Ethiopia.DesignA multi-center prospective cohort study was conducted enrolling 432 eligible pregnant women from eight rural health centers selected from four districts in Arsi zone, Central Ethiopia. Women were classified into exposed (n= 216) and unexposed (n= 216) groups, based on Women’s Individual Dietary Diversity (WIDD) score, and were followed from mid to term of pregnancy. The cutoff values for WIDD corresponding to the lowest risk of anemia were defined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Logistic regressions were also fitted to identify food groups associated with low anemia risk during pregnancy.ResultsThe overall prevalence of anemia increased from 28.6 to 32.4% between mid and term of pregnancy. Calculatedly, using the ROC curve analysis, the minimum WIDD score associated with lower risk of anemia was three and four respectively at these periods. Not consuming animal source foods [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 2.36; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35–4.14], pre-existing anemia (AOR 28.56; 95% CI, 14.33, 56.79), and low DD during pregnancy (AOR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.09–4.52) were associated with risk of anemia at term.ConclusionThe cutoff for WIDD score predicting risk of anemia varied significantly, increasing from three to four, between mid and term of pregnancy. Additional population-based observational and experimental studies validating the metrics are needed before policy level recommendations.Trial registrationThis trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov asNCT02620943.
Pathogenic microbes contaminating mobile phones in hospital environment in Northeast India: incidence and antibiotic resistance
Authors: Sailo Christine Vanlalbiakdiki , Pandey Puja , Mukherjee Subhajit , Zami Zothan , Lalremruata Ralte , Nemi Lalnun , Kumar Nachimuthu Senthil 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The present study attempts to identify and determine the pattern of drug susceptibility of the microorganisms present in mobile phones of health care workers (HCWs) and non-HCWs in a hospital environment. Mobile phones of 100 participants including both genders were randomly swabbed from nine different wards/units and the bacterial cultures were characterized using VITEK 2 system.

Results
Forty-seven mobile phones were culture positive and a total of 57 isolates were obtained which consisted of 28 Gram-positive organisms and 29 Gram-negative organisms. The predominating organisms were Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus hominis. Among all the isolates from the mobile phones of HCW and non-HCWs, five isolates had ESBL and three isolates had colistin resistance. Incidentally, MRSA was not found on the mobile phones tested. The isolated organisms showed 100% susceptibility to linezolid, daptomycin, vancomycin, imipenem, meropenem, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and tigecycline, while high resistance was shown against benzylpenicillin (75.0%), cefuroxime and cefuroxime axetil (56.5%). Non-HCWs’ mobile phones were more contaminated as compared to HCWs (P = 0.001) and irrespective of individuals’ gender or toilet habits, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms were present on the mobile phones.

Conclusion
This study reports for the first time that the mobile phones of non-health care workers harbour more bacterial diversity and are more prone to cause transmission of pathogens. This study can serve to educate the public on personal hand hygiene practices and on maintaining clean mobile phones through antiseptic measures.
Effects of Helichrysum bracteatum flower extracts on UVB irradiation-induced inflammatory biomarker expression
Authors: Kim Yun Jeong , Seok Ji Hyun , Cheung Waiting , Lee Sung-Nae , Jang Hyun Hee , Bae Seunghee , Lee Hyunsang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity ofHelichrysum bracteatum(H. bracteatum) flower extracts in vitro.MethodsH. bracteatumflowers were extracted with water, ethanol and 1,3-butylene glycol, and the anti-oxidative activities of the extracts were measured using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The inhibition of the expression of inflammation-related genes, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was evaluated in vitro using reverse transcription-PCR in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa cells). To investigate the inhibitory effects ofH. bracteatumflower extracts on UVB-induced inflammatory responses in HEKa cells, the production of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation; statistical significance was calculated using the Student’st-test.ResultsThe DPPH assay results showed thatH. bracteatumflower extracts have good anti-oxidative effects and inhibited the expression of inflammation-related genes IL-6, COX-2 and TNF-α. Moreover, the production of NO and TNF-α was inhibited byH. bracteatumflower extracts.ConclusionsThese findings indicate thatH. bracteatumflower extracts have efficacy against UVB-induced inflammation-related gene expression.
An improvement in acute wound healing in rats by the synergistic effect of photobiomodulation and arginine
Authors: Mostafavinia Atarodsadat , Bidram Mohammad , Gomi Avili Amirhossein , Mahmanzar Mohammadamin , Karimifard Seyed Ali , Sajadi Ensieh , Amini Abdollah , Hadipour Jahromy Mahsa , Ghoreishi Seyed Kamran , Chien Sufan , Bayat Mohammad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this probe, at first we examined the best route and dosage of arginine administration on wound healing in an excisional wound model in rats. Next, we intend to assess the impact of photobiomodulation (PBM) and arginine, individually and together, on the wound healing. In the pilot study, an excisional wound was made in each of 24 rats. There were 4 groups. Group 1 was the control group. In groups 2 and 3, wounds were topically treated with arginine ointments (ARG.) 2% and 5%, respectively. In group 4, arginine was injected (ARG. INJ.,i.p.). In the main phase, in 24 new rats, an excisional wound was made. There were 4 groups: group 5 served as the control. Wounds in group 6 were topically treated with ARG 2%. Wounds in group 7 were subjected to PBM. Wounds in group 8 were treated with PBM+ARG. 2%. On day 15, wound area measurement, wound strength, and stereological examination were performed. In the pilot study, we found that the ARG 2% ointment significantly decreased wound area than ARG. 5%, ARG. INJ. and control groups, and significantly increased wound strength compared to the control and ARG.5% groups. In the main phase, a significant decrease of wound area in all treatment regimens was induced. PBM + ARG. 2% and PBM treatment regimens significantly improved wound strength and almost all stereological parameters, compared to the control and ARG. 2% groups. PBM + ARG. 2% induced anti-inflammatory and angiogenic activities, and hastened the wound healing process in an excisional wound model in rats.
Biological wastewater treatment and bioreactor design: a review
Authors: Narayanan C. M. , Narayan Vikas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVarious processes that have been successfully developed for wastewater treatment (treatment of industrial wastes/effluents) have been surveyed with special reference to biological treatment including design of bioreactors. Limitations of each process, design and performance characteristics of different kinds of bioreactors developed starting from stirred tanks to packed bed, fluidized bed, moving bed, semifluidized bed, inverse fluidized bed, sludge bed/sludge blanket and downflow stationary fixed film bioreactors have been highlighted. Utilization of membrane-based technology and liquid phase oxygen technology in wastewater treatment has also been analyzed. Both aerobic and anaerobic processes have been considered and possibilities of clubbing waste treatment with waste utilization (production of valuable products from waste streams) have also been surveyed and scrutinized.
D76V, L161R, and C117S are the most pathogenic amino acid substitutions with several dangerous consequences on leptin structure, function, and stability
Authors: Al-Shuhaib Mohammed Baqur S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Leptin is a versatile hormone with a variety of functions, including regulation of food intake by inhibiting hunger. Any deleterious mutation in this protein can lead to serious consequences for the body. This study was conducted to identify the most deleterious non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) of human LEP gene and their impact on its encoded protein.

Methods
To predict the possible impact of nsSNPs on leptin, a total of 90 nsSNPs were retrieved from dbSNP and investigated using many in silico tools which specially designed to analyze nsSNPs’ consequences on the protein structure, function, and stability.

Results
Three nsSNPs, namely D76V, L161R, and C117S, were found to be completely deleterious by all utilized nsSNPs prediction tools, thus affecting leptin protein structure, biological activity, and stability. Evolutionary information indicated L161R and C117S mutations to be located in extremely high conserved positions. Furthermore, several deleterious mechanisms controlled by both L161R and C117S mutations which alter several motifs in the secondary structure of leptin were detected. However, all D76V, L161R, and C117S mutations exhibited alteration in polar interactions in their representative positions. Further in-depth analyses proved several harmful structural effects of the three nsSNPs on leptin, which may lead to multiple intrinsic disorders in the altered protein forms.

Conclusions
This study provides the first comprehensive computation of the effect of the most damaging nsSNPs on leptin. The exploration of these missense mutations may present novel perspectives for various deleterious consequences originated from such amino acids substitutions. The dynamics of leptin performance, therefore, in many biological pathways, may be changed to create a variety of disorders, such as obesity and diabetes. These findings will help in detecting the most harmful variations needed to be screened for clinically diagnosed patients with leptin disorders.

Trial registration
ISRCTN73824458
Impact of Breast Cancer Treatment on Employment: Results of a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study (CANTO)
Authors: Dumas Agnes , Vaz Luis Ines , Bovagnet Thomas , El Mouhebb Mayssam , Di Meglio Antonio , Pinto Sandrine , Charles Cecile , Dauchy Sarah , Delaloge Suzette , Arveux Patrick , Coutant Charles , Cottu Paul , Lesur Anne , Lerebours Florence , Tredan Olivier , Vanlemmens Laurence , Levy Christelle , Lemonnier Jerome , Mesleard Christelle , Andre Fabrice , Menvielle Gwenn 
Published: December 2019

PURPOSEAdverse effects of breast cancer treatment can negatively affect survivors’ work ability. Previous reports lacked detailed clinical data or health-related patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and did not prospectively assess the combined impact of treatment and related sequelae on employment.METHODSWe used a French prospective clinical cohort of patients with stage I-III breast cancer including 1,874 women who were working and ≥ 5 years younger than legal retirement age (≤ 57 years) at breast cancer diagnosis. Our outcome was nonreturn to work (non-RTW) 2 years after diagnosis. Independent variables included treatment characteristics as well as toxicities (Common Toxicity Criteria Adverse Events [CTCAE] v4) and PROs (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC] Quality of life Questionnaires, Breast cancer module [QLQ-BR23] and Fatigue module [QLQ-FA12], Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) collected 1 year after diagnosis. Logistic regression models assessed correlates of non-RTW, adjusting for age, stage, comorbidities, and socioeconomic covariates.RESULTSTwo years after diagnosis, 21% of patients had not returned to work. Odds of non-RTW were significantly increased among patients treated with combinations of chemotherapy and trastuzumab (odds ratio [OR] v chemotherapy-hormonotherapy: for chemotherapy-trastuzumab, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.18 to 3.44; for chemotherapy-trastuzumab-hormonotherapy, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.41). Other significant associations with non-RTW included grade ≥ 3 CTCAE toxicities (OR v no, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.18), arm morbidity (OR v no, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.19 to 2.13), anxiety (OR v no, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.11), and depression (OR v no, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.34 to 3.91).CONCLUSIONReceipt of systemic therapy combinations including trastuzumab was associated with increased odds of non-RTW. Likelihood of unemployment was also higher among patients who reported severe physical and psychological symptoms. This comprehensive study identifies potentially vulnerable patients and warrants supportive interventional strategies to facilitate their RTW.
Decreased Mitochondrial Dynamics Is Associated with Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Rate, and Fitness in African Americans
Authors: Dubé John J , Collyer Michael L , Trant Sara , Toledo Frederico G S , Goodpaster Bret H , Kershaw Erin E , DeLany James P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Context
African American women (AAW) have a higher incidence of insulin resistance and are at a greater risk for the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes than Caucasian women (CW). Although several factors have been proposed to mediate these racial disparities, the mechanisms remain poorly defined. We previously demonstrated that sedentary lean AAW have lower peripheral insulin sensitivity, reduced maximal aerobic fitness (VO2max), and lower resting metabolic rate (RMR) than CW. We have also demonstrated that skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration is lower in AAW and appears to play a role in these racial differences.

Objective
The goal of this study was to assess mitochondrial pathways and dynamics to examine the potential mechanisms of lower insulin sensitivity, RMR, VO2max, and mitochondrial capacity in AAW.

Design
To achieve this goal, we assessed several mitochondrial pathways in skeletal muscle using gene array technology and semiquantitative protein analysis.

Results
We report alterations in mitochondrial pathways associated with inner membrane small molecule transport genes, fusion–fission, and autophagy in lean AAW. These differences were associated with lower insulin sensitivity, RMR, and VO2max.

Conclusions
Together these data suggest that the metabolic racial disparity of insulin resistance, RMR, VO2max, and mitochondrial capacity may be mediated by perturbations in mitochondrial pathways associated with membrane transport, fission–fusion, and autophagy. The mechanisms contributing to these differences remain unknown.
Probing the mechanical landscape – new insights into podosome architecture and mechanics
Authors: van den Dries Koen , Linder Stefan , Maridonneau-Parini Isabelle , Poincloux Renaud 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Podosomes are dynamic adhesion structures formed constitutively by macrophages, dendritic cells and osteoclasts and transiently in a wide variety of cells, such as endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. They mediate numerous functions, including cell–matrix adhesion, extracellular matrix degradation, mechanosensing and cell migration. Podosomes present as micron-sized F-actin cores surrounded by an adhesive ring of integrins and integrin–actin linkers, such as talin and vinculin. In this Review, we highlight recent research that has considerably advanced our understanding of the complex architecture–function relationship of podosomes by demonstrating that the podosome ring actually consists of discontinuous nano-clusters and that the actin network in between podosomes comprises two subsets of unbranched actin filaments, lateral and dorsal podosome-connecting filaments. These lateral and dorsal podosome-connecting filaments connect the core and ring of individual podosomes and adjacent podosomes, respectively. We also highlight recent insights into the podosome cap as a novel regulatory module of actomyosin-based contractility. We propose that these newly identified features are instrumental for the ability of podosomes to generate protrusion forces and to mechanically probe their environment. Furthermore, these new results point to an increasing complexity of podosome architecture and have led to our current view of podosomes as autonomous force generators that drive cell migration.
E-cigarette use and onset of first cigarette smoking among adolescents: An empirical test of the ‘common liability’ theory
Authors: Cheng Hui G. , Largo Edward G. , Gogova Maria 
Published: December 2019

Background: E-cigarettes have become the most commonly used tobacco products among youth in the United States (US) recently. It is not clear whether there is a causal relationship between e-cigarette use and the onset of cigarette smoking. The “common liability” theory postulates that the association between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking can be attributed to a common risk construct of using tobacco products. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ever e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking onset in the US using a structural equation modeling approach guided by the “common liability” theory. Methods: The study population is non-institutionalized civilian adolescents living in the US, sampled in the longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study. Information about tobacco product use was obtained via confidential self-report. A structural equation modeling approach was used to estimate the relationship between e-cigarette use at wave 1 and the onset of cigarette smoking at wave 2 after controlling for a latent construct representing a “common liability to use tobacco products.” Results: After controlling for a latent construct representing a “common liability to use tobacco products”, ever e-cigarette use does not predict the onset of cigarette smoking (β=0.10, 95% CI= -0.09, 0.29, p=0.299). The latent “common liability to use tobacco products” is a robust predictor for the onset of cigarette smoking (β=0.42; 95% CI=0.08, 0.76; p=0.015). Conclusions: Findings from this study provide supportive evidence for the ‘common liability’ underlying observed associations between e-cigarette use and smoking onset.
Racismo não dá conta: antinegritude, a dinâmica ontológica e social definidora da modernidade
Authors: Vargas João H. Costa 
Published: December 2019

Este artigo propõe que a categoria analítica “racismo” não é adequada para analisar as experiências de pessoas negras, seja no Brasil, seja no restante da diáspora. Por supor que experiências negras e experiências não negras são análogas e, portanto, comensuráveis, o racismo não dá conta da singularidade das experiências negras. De fato, as pessoas negras ocupam uma posição única na constituição das subjetividades modernas. Constituindo as identidades em oposição às quais a Humanidade se define, a pessoa negra é simultaneamente excluída da família humana e absolutamente necessária à constituição dessa mesma família. A antinegritude, ao contrário do racismo, aceita essa proposição como ponto de partida e sugere que a díade fundamental do mundo moderno é “pessoas negras/pessoas não negras”. Essa díade sugere um mundo social planetário muito diferente daquele do racimo. De acordo com o racismo, a díade definidora do mundo social planetário é “pessoas brancas/pessoas não brancas”. Palavras-Chave: racismo; negritude; antinegritude.
Liquid-level sensing method based on differential pulse-width pair Brillouin optical time-domain analysis and a self-heated high attenuation fiber
Authors: Zhang Hongying , Cheng Yifu , Wu Kaiji , Yuan Zhijun , Dong Yongkang 
Published: December 2019

A liquid-level sensing method based on differential pulse-width pair Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (DPP-BOTDA) combining with a self-heated high attenuation fiber (HAF) is proposed, where the principle is to locate the temperature abruption position at the interface between liquid and air caused by their different thermal diffusion rates. A Panda polarization-maintaining fiber is used as the sensing optical fiber, which is tightly glued alongside a laser-powered HAF. Heated by a high-power laser, the temperature of the HAF can increase and exhibits approximately exponential attenuation with the light propagation direction, which induces a similar temperature distribution over the sensing fiber. By using a 5-cm spatial resolution DPP-BOTDA and a 1.4-W heating light, temperature distributions of the sensing fiber are measured for different water levels, and the results indicate that distributed liquid-level sensing with a range of 20 cm and a resolution of 1 cm is realized using our method.