bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering Stimuli‐Activatable Boolean Logic Prodrug Nanoparticles for Combination Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Hou Bo , Zhou Lei , Wang Hui , Saeed Madiha , Wang Dangge , Xu Zhiai , Li Yaping , Yu Haijun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProdrug nanoparticles that codeliver the immune modulators to the tumor site are highly recommendable for cancer immunotherapy yet remain challenging. However, effective stimuli‐responsive strategies that exploit the endogenous hallmarks of the tumor have paved the way for cancer immunotherapy. For the first time, the development of the Boolean logic prodrug nanoparticles (BLPNs) for tumor‐targeted codelivery of immune modulators (e.g., immune activator and immune inhibitor) and combination immunotherapy is reported herein. A library of stimuli‐activatable BLPNs is fabricated yielding YES/AND logic outputs by adjusting the input combinations, including extracellular matrix metalloproteins 2/9 (MMP‐2/9), intracellular acidity (pH = 5.0–6.0), and reduction (glutathione) in the tumor microenvironment. Tunable and selective control over BLPNs dissociation and prodrug activation is achieved by specifying the connectivity of orthogonal stimuli‐labile spacers while exploiting the endogenous signals at the tumor sites. The tumor‐specific distribution of the BLPNs and stimuli‐activation of the immune modulators for highly efficient cancer immunotherapy are further demonstrated. The results reported in this study may open a new avenue for tumor‐specific delivery of immune therapeutics and precise cancer immunotherapy.
Strongly Emissive Lead‐Free 0D Cs3Cu2I5 Perovskites Synthesized by a Room Temperature Solvent Evaporation Crystallization for Down‐Conversion Light‐Emitting Devices and Fluorescent Inks
Authors: Zhang Fa , Zhao Ziheng , Chen Bingkun , Zheng Hong , Huang Lingling , Liu Yue , Wang Yongtian , Rogach Andrey L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLead‐free 0D metal halide perovskites are emerging environmentally friendly materials exhibiting large exciton binding energy, which have recently attracted great attention for their excellent light emission properties and favorable stability. Herein, solvent evaporation crystallization at room temperature is adopted to fabricate 0D Cs3Cu2I5 perovskite millimeter‐sized crystals, which show strong blue photoluminescence (PL) with quantum yield of up to 89%, a large Stockes shift and long (microsecond) PL lifetime, originating from self‐trapped excitons. UV pumped light‐emitting diodes are demonstrated by using Cs3Cu2I5 powder as a solid‐state phosphor, and the precursor solution of these perovskite crystals is used as a fluorescent ink. Furthermore, blue‐emitting composite Cs3Cu2I5/polyvinylidene fluoride films are produced by spin coating through the solvent evaporation and followed patterning using a direct laser writing technology, which are potentially useful for displays. Finally, the solvent evaporation crystallization method is expanded to fabricate yellow emissive CsCu2I3 crystals by changing the chemical molar ratio of precursor.
Cell‐Inspired All‐Aqueous Microfluidics: From Intracellular Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation toward Advanced Biomaterials
Authors: Ma Qingming , Song Yang , Sun Wentao , Cao Jie , Yuan Hao , Wang Xinyu , Sun Yong , Shum Ho Cheung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLiving cells have evolved over billions of years to develop structural and functional complexity with numerous intracellular compartments that are formed due to liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). Discovery of the amazing and vital roles of cells in life has sparked tremendous efforts to investigate and replicate the intracellular LLPS. Among them, all‐aqueous emulsions are a minimalistic liquid model that recapitulates the structural and functional features of membraneless organelles and protocells. Here, an emerging all‐aqueous microfluidic technology derived from micrometer‐scaled manipulation of LLPS is presented; the technology enables the state‐of‐art design of advanced biomaterials with exquisite structural proficiency and diversified biological functions. Moreover, a variety of emerging biomedical applications, including encapsulation and delivery of bioactive gradients, fabrication of artificial membraneless organelles, as well as printing and assembly of predesigned cell patterns and living tissues, are inspired by their cellular counterparts. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for further advancing the cell‐inspired all‐aqueous microfluidics toward a more powerful and versatile platform are discussed, particularly regarding new opportunities in multidisciplinary fundamental research and biomedical applications.
Self‐Actuating Electrocaloric Cooling Fibers
Authors: Wang Haolun , Meng Yuan , Zhang Ziyang , Gao Meng , Peng Zihang , He Hongcai , Pei Qibing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSolid‐state cooling fibers comprising an electrocaloric polymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene‐chlorofluoroethylene) terpolymer, spray‐coated on a conductive fiber core electrode, and a coaxially coated single‐walled carbon nanotubes outer electrode are reported. The fiber coolers can be less than 160 µm thin and more than 8 cm long. Measured cooling ΔT of the EC fibers is 0.7 °C at an electric field of 100 V µm−1 applied between the electrodes. The fiber coolers are flexible; 2000 cycles of repeated bending to a 2.5 mm curvature radius do not significantly degrade the cooling ΔT. Self‐actuated bending of the fibers is observed during the EC operation, which allows the EC fibers to move heat from one location to another without any additional driving mechanisms such as electromagnetic motors, pumps, or electrostatic actuation that are commonly used in conventional coolers. The self‐actuating EC fibers represent the first ever active cooler in a thin fiber form factor.
Differential sensitivity of Kansas Palmer amaranth populations to multiple herbicides
Authors: Kumar Vipan , Liu Rui , Stahlman Phillip W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA field survey was conducted in 2014 to determine the response of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) populations from 16 counties in southcentral Kansas to commonly used herbicides. The main objective was to evaluate the sensitivity of 28 randomly collected populations to field‐use rates of glyphosate, chlorsulfuron, 2,4‐D, dicamba, atrazine, and mesotrione herbicides; and further characterize the sensitivity levels in two populations. The response of all tested populations was categorized as less sensitive (≤59% injury), moderately sensitive (60–89% injury), and susceptible (90–100% injury) based on visible injury at 21 days after treatment (DAT). Results from herbicide screening experiments indicated that 47, 36, 7, 75, and 32% of tested populations were less sensitive (putative resistant) to glyphosate, chlorsulfuron, 2,4‐D, atrazine, and mesotrione herbicide, respectively. None of the tested populations showed less sensitivity (≤59% injury) to dicamba herbicide. Whole plant dose‐response assays on two populations collected from Kiowa (KW2) and Pratt (PR8) counties indicated that the KW2 population had 3.0‐, 2.3‐, 5.8‐, and 8.4‐fold less sensitivity to 2,4‐D, chlorsulfuron, atrazine, and mesotrione, respectively, compared to a known susceptible (MHS) population. In contrast, the PR8 population was 2.0‐, 8.6‐, 10.6‐, 3.7‐, and 2.8‐fold less sensitive to 2,4‐D, glyphosate, chlorsulfuron, atrazine, and mesotrione, respectively, compared to MHS population. Overall, these results suggest that reduced sensitivity to glyphosate, chlorsulfuron, atrazine, and/or mesotrione is highly prevalent in southcentral Kansas. Growers should adopt diversified weed control methods to manage these difficult‐to‐control populations on their production fields.
Manure injection and rye double cropping increased nutrient recovery and forage production
Authors: Binder Jonathan M. , Karsten Heather D. , Beegle Doug B. , Dell Curtis J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDouble cropping forage cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) with corn (Zea mays L.) and injecting liquid dairy cow (Bos taurus L.) manure in the fall may increase manure nutrient utilization and total forage production. Although potentially economically and environmentally beneficial, these practices have not been widely adopted by Northeastern U.S. farmers. This 2‐yr full‐factorial experiment conducted in Pennsylvania quantified the effects of (a) rye management (RyeM; early terminated cover crop, CC vs. double crop harvested approximately 1 wk later, DC) and (b) manure application method (ManM; unincorporated broadcasted manure, BM vs. shallow disk injected manure, IM) on rye biomass, rye apparent manure nitrogen and phosphorus recovery (ANR and APR, respectively), subsequent corn silage yield, and total forage production (DC + summer corn silage) and the effect of ManM on DC forage nutritive value. Double cropping increased rye biomass 143%, ANR 119%, APR 126%, and total forage production 29–44% compared to CC. While IM did not increase net returns on rye silage production compared to BM, IM improved rye forage nutritive value by increasing ANR by 84%, rye crude protein by 29%, net energy of lactation by 10%, and reduced neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by 10%. Injecting manure also increased summer corn yield 21% and total forage 13% when rye was harvested as DC compared to DC with BM. Farmers adopting DC can increase total forage production and nutrient recovery and, when combined with IM, forage production and rye quality can potentially be improved.
Postoperative complications of minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Ozawa Soji , Koyanagi Kazuo , Ninomiya Yamato , Yatabe Kentaro , Higuchi Tadashi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMinimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) has been performed increasingly more frequently for the treatment of esophageal cancer, ever since it was first described in 1992. However, the incidence of postoperative complications of MIE has not yet been well‐characterized, because (a) there are few reports of studies with a sufficient sample size, (b) a variety of minimally invasive surgical techniques are used, and (c) there are few reports in which an established system for classifying the severity of complications is examined. According to an analysis performed by the Esophageal Complications Consensus Group, the most common complications of MIE are pneumonia, arrhythmia, anastomotic leakage, conduit necrosis, chylothorax, and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Therefore, we decided to focus on these complications. We selected 48 out of 1245 reports of studies (a) that included more than 50 patients each, (b) in which the esophagectomy technique used was clearly described, and (c) in which the complications were adequately described. The overall incidences of the postoperative complications of MIE for esophageal cancer were analyzed according to the MIE technique adopted, that is, McKeown MIE, Ivor Lewis MIE, robotic‐assisted McKeown MIE, robotic‐assisted Ivor Lewis MIE, or mediastinoscopic transmediastinal esophagectomy. Pneumonia, arrhythmia, anastomotic leakage, and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred at an incidence rate of about 10% each; Ivor Lewis MIE was associated with a relatively low incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. It is important to recognize that the incidences of complications of MIE are influenced by the MIE technique adopted and the extent of lymph node dissection.
Development of a virtual Couette rheometer for aerated granular material
Authors: Yahia Lyes Ait Ali , Piepke Tobias Matthaeus , Barrett Ross , Ozel Ali , Ocone Raffaella 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA novel rheometer to study the behavior of granular materials in an aerated bed of particles has been developed. The device, called the aerated bed virtual Couette rheometer, is shown to be able to measure the shear stresses in the quasi‐static and in the intermediate flow regimes. To validate the instrument, a Newtonian fluid of known viscosity was first sheared. The device was then used for measuring the shear stress of nonaerated glass beads with three ‐3D printed cells of different sizes to validate the optimal radial position, r*, where both shear rate and shear stress are independent of the cell radius. The results for the nonaerated glass beads displayed Coulomb behavior. The same behavior was observed when the bed was aerated. These experiments also showed that for a fixed shear rate the shear stress decreases as the aeration velocity, U. increases.
22q11.2 deletion syndrome and congenital heart disease
Authors: Goldmuntz Elizabeth 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 4–6,000 livebirths. The phenotype varies widely; the most common features include: facial dysmorphia, hypocalcemia, palate and speech disorders, feeding and gastrointestinal disorders, immunodeficiency, recurrent infections, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, and congenital heart disease. Approximately 60–80% of patients have a cardiac malformation most commonly including a subset of conotruncal defects (tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, interrupted aortic arch type B), conoventricular and/or atrial septal defects, and aortic arch anomalies. Cardiac patients with a 22q11.2 deletion do not generally experience higher mortality upon surgical intervention but suffer more peri‐operative complications than their non‐syndromic counterparts. New guidelines suggest screening for a 22q11.2 deletion in the patient with tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, interrupted aortic arch type B, conoventricular septal defects as well as those with an isolated aortic arch anomaly. Early identification of a 22q11.2 deletion in the neonate or infant when other syndromic features may not be apparent allows for timely parental screening for reproductive counseling and anticipatory evaluation of cardiac and noncardiac features. Screening the at‐risk child or adult allows for important age‐specific clinical, neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and reproductive issues to be addressed.
Label‐Free Imaging of Intracellular Temperature by Using the O−H Stretching Raman Band of Water
Authors: Sugimura Toshiki , Kajimoto Shinji , Nakabayashi Takakazu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe propose a label‐free method for measuring intracellular temperature using a Raman image of a cell in the O−H stretching band. Raman spectra of cultured cells and the medium were first measured at various temperatures using a Raman microscope and the intensity ratio of the two regions of the O−H stretching band was calculated. The intensity ratio varies linearly with temperature in both the medium and cells, and the resulting calibration lines allow simultaneous visualization of both intracellular and extracellular temperatures in a label‐free manner. We applied this method to the measurement of temperature changes after the introduction of FCCP (carbonyl cyanide‐p‐trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone) in living cells. We observed a temperature rise in the cytoplasm and succeeded in obtaining an image of the change in intracellular temperature after the FCCP treatment.
An η3‐Bound Allyl Ligand on Magnesium in a Mechanochemically Generated Mg/K Allyl Complex
Authors: Koby Ross F. , Doerr Alicia M. , Rightmire Nicholas R. , Schley Nathan D. , Long Brian K. , Hanusa Timothy P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMilling two equivalents of K[1,3‐(SiMe3)2C3H3] (=K[A′]) with MgX2 (X=Cl, Br) produces the allyl complex [K2MgA′4] (1). Crystals grown from toluene are of the solvated species [((η6‐tol)K)2MgA′4] ([1⋅2(tol)]), a trimetallic monomer with both bridging and terminal (η1) allyl ligands. When recrystallized from hexanes, the unsolvated 1 forms a 2D coordination polymer, in which the Mg is surrounded by three allyl ligands. The C−C bond lengths differ by only 0.028 Å, indicating virtually complete electron delocalization. This is an unprecedented coordination mode for an allyl ligand bound to Mg. DFT calculations indicate that in isolation, an η3‐allyl configuration on Mg is energetically preferred over the η1‐ (σ‐bonded) arrangement, but the Mg must be in a low coordination environment for it to be experimentally realized. Methyl methacrylate is effectively polymerized by 1, with activities that are comparable to K[A′] and greater than the homometallic magnesium complex [{MgA′2}2].
Ligand Effects on the Electronic Structure of Heteroleptic Antimony‐Centered Radicals
Authors: Helling Christoph , Cutsail George E. , Weinert Hanns , Wölper Christoph , Schulz Stephan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report on the structures of three unprecedented heteroleptic Sb‐centered radicals [L(Cl)Ga](R)Sb. (2‐R, R=B[N(Dip)CH]2 2‐B, 2,6‐Mes2C6H3 2‐C, N(SiMe3)Dip 2‐N) stabilized by one electropositive metal fragment [L(Cl)Ga] (L=HC[C(Me)N(Dip)]2, Dip=2,6‐i‐Pr2C6H3) and one bulky B‐ (2‐B), C‐ (2‐C), or N‐based (2‐N) substituent. Compounds 2‐R are predominantly metal‐centered radicals. Their electronic properties are largely influenced by the electronic nature of the ligands R, and significant delocalization of unpaired‐spin density onto the ligands was observed in 2‐B and 2‐N. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies showed that 2‐B undergoes a quasi‐reversible one‐electron reduction, which was confirmed by the synthesis of [K([2.2.2]crypt)][L(Cl)GaSbB[N(Dip)CH]2] ([K([2.2.2]crypt)][2‐B]) containing the stibanyl anion [2‐B]−, which was shown to possess significant Sb−B multiple‐bonding character.
Fabrication and characterization of flexible ruthenium oxide‐loaded polyaniline/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers
Authors: Chamakh Mariem , Ayesh Ahmad I. , Gharaibeh Mohammad F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPolyaniline/poly(vinyl alcohol)/ruthenium oxide (RuO2) composite nanofibers were produced by electrospinning technique. Hydrous ruthenium chloride was used as a precursor at different concentrations, and the samples were annealed at 200°C. The morphology of the nanofibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The average diameter of the produced nanofibers is between 200 and 300 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used for the investigation of the vibration modes and structure of the samples. Differential scanning calorimeter, and thermal gravimetric analysis up to 400°C revealed the crystallinity degree and thermal stability of the samples. Impedance spectroscopy for the samples with capacitor structure was conducted as function of RuO2 concentration and temperature. The tests revealed the decrease of electrical resistivity and activation energy with increasing RuO2 concentration for the as‐prepared samples, while the annealed samples showed lower activation energy values of ~0.1 eV with increasing the concentration of RuO2. The electrical properties of the fabricated composite nanofibers could be controlled that make them suitable to be utilized in devices for energy storage applications.
Microstructural Anomalies Evaluated by Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging Are Related to Deficits in Facial Emotional Recognition via Perceptual‐Binding Difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Yasuno Fumihiko , Makinodan Manabu , Takahashi Masato , Matsuoka Kiwamu , Yoshikawa Hiroaki , Kitamura Soichiro , Ishida Rio , Kishimoto Naoko , Miyasaka Toshiteru , Kichikawa Kimihiko , Kishimoto Toshifumi 
Published: February 2020

The integration of visual features is important for recognizing objects as a coherent whole, a key domain of difficulty in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We tested the hypothesis that ASD patients exhibit difficulties in facial emotional recognition via perceptual binding difficulties due to weak coherence. We assessed 18 ASD and 27 typically developing individuals for their ability to identify emotional expressions from faces in pictures moving behind a narrow vertical and horizontal slit. In this task, only a single local piece of facial information was provided at any one time through the slit. Using a voxel‐based analysis of neurite‐orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), we examined the relationship between NODDI index values at each voxel and the behavioral performance of ASD patients in the slit‐viewing paradigm. ASD patients demonstrated impaired recognition of facial emotional expression only in horizontal slit‐viewing. This deficit was associated with deficits in communication ability. Voxel‐based analysis revealed significant negative correlations between behavioral deficits in horizontal slit‐viewing and NODDI index values in clusters including the ventral occipital complex region, superior temporal/parietal association areas, and forceps major of the corpus callosum. Our results indicated deficits for the first time in perceptual integration of facial expression across hemispheres in ASD patients due to microstructural disturbances in the corpus callosum and areas related to viewing of the human face. This may underscore the difficulties faced by ASD patients in understanding the emotions of other people, contributing to impairments in communication ability in ASD patients. Autism Res 2020, 13: 729–740. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryWe assessed ASD and typically developing individuals for their ability to identify emotional expressions from faces in pictures moving behind a narrow vertical and horizontal slit. ASD patients demonstrated impaired recognition of facial emotional expression only in horizontal slit‐viewing. Voxel‐based analysis revealed significant negative correlations between behavioral deficits and NODDI index values in clusters including the corpus callosum. Our results indicated deficits in perceptual integration of facial expression across hemispheres in ASD patients potentially resulting from microstructural disturbances.
Promoting bidirectional extracellular electron transfer of Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 for hexavalent chromium reduction via elevating intracellular cAMP level
Authors: Cheng Zhou‐Hua , Xiong Jia‐Rui , Min Di , Cheng Lei , Liu Dong‐Feng , Li Wen‐Wei , Jin Fan , Yang Min , Yu Han‐Qing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe bioreduction capacity of Cr(VI) by Shewanella is mainly governed by its bidirectional extracellular electron transfer (EET). However, the low bidirectional EET efficiency restricts its wider applications in remediation of the environments contaminated by Cr(VI). Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (cAMP) commonly exists in Shewanella strains and cAMP–cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate receptor protein (CRP) system regulates multiple bidirectional EET‐related pathways. This inspires us to strengthen the bidirectional EET through elevating the intracellular cAMP level in Shewanella strains. In this study, an exogenous gene encoding adenylate cyclase from the soil bacterium Beggiatoa sp. PS is functionally expressed in Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 (the strain MR‐1/pbPAC) and a MR‐1 mutant lacking all endogenous adenylate cyclase encoding genes (the strain Δca/pbPAC). The engineered strains exhibit the enhanced bidirectional EET capacities in microbial electrochemical systems compared with their counterparts. Meanwhile, a three times more rapid reduction rate of Cr(VI) is achieved by the strain MR‐1/pbPAC than the control in batch experiments. Furthermore, a higher Cr(VI) reduction efficiency is also achieved by the strain MR‐1/pbPAC in the Cr(VI)‐reducing biocathode experiments. Such a bidirectional enhancement is attributed to the improved production of cAMP–CRP complex, which upregulates the expression levels of the genes encoding the c‐type cytochromes and flavins synthetic pathways. Specially, this strategy could be used as a broad‐spectrum approach for the other Shewanella strains. Our results demonstrate that elevating the intracellular cAMP levels could be an efficient strategy to enhance the bidirectional EET of Shewanella strains and improve their pollutant transformation capacity.