bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Red del Laboratorio Iberoamericano para el Estudio Sociohistórico de las Sexualidades (Red LIESS): la integración en Latinoamérica y la producción de conocimiento
Authors: Costa Patrícia Rosalba Salvador Moura 
Published: January 2020

<p>Entre los días 26 y 28 de septiembre de 2018 en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(UNAM), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala se celebró la cuarta edición del Congreso Internacional sobre Estudios de Diversidad Sexual en Iberoamérica –CIEDSI, en este momento entrevistamos el profesor José María Valcuende del Río de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide-España, que habló sobre la constituición de la Red del Laboratorio Iberoamericano para el Estudio Sociohistórico de las Sexualidades (Red LIESS) y de las ediciones del Congreso Internacional sobre Estudios de Diversidad Sexual en Iberoamérica</p>
Efeitos da utilização da realidade virtual na marcha e no equilíbrio de indivíduos com doença de Parkinson: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Ezequiel Diego Jorge Souza , Viana João Victor Andrada , Ribeiro Nildo Manoel Da Silva 
Published: January 2020

<h1><strong style="font-size: 10px;">Introdução</strong><span style="font-size: 10px;">: a marcha e o equilíbrio são funções motoras afetadas nos portadores da doença de Parkinson (DP). Nesse contexto, surgem os modelos de terapia com uso da realidade virtual (RV) para a melhora da capacidade motora desses indivíduos. </span><strong style="font-size: 10px;">O</strong><strong style="font-size: 10px;">bjetivo:</strong><em style="font-size: 10px;"> </em><span style="font-size: 10px;">analisar os efeitos da terapia com RV na marcha e no equilíbrio de pacientes com DP. </span><strong style="font-size: 10px;">Metodologia</strong><em style="font-size: 10px;">: </em><span style="font-size: 10px;">procedeu-se a uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados sobre a RV na reabilitação da marcha e do equilíbrio em pacientes com DP. A busca foi realizada através das bases de dados PubMED, LILACs, PEDro, Cochrane, SciELO em maio de 2019. Este trabalho seguiu a recomendação PRISMA de elaboração de revisão sistemática. </span><strong style="font-size: 10px;">Resultados:</strong><strong style="font-size: 10px;"> c</strong><span style="font-size: 10px;">inco estudos foram incluídos com um total de 233 portadores da DP. A análise mostrou que houve eficácia na utilização da RV em melhorar a marcha e o equilíbrio desses pacientes, porém não foram encontradas diferenças significativas quando comparado às terapias convencionais. </span><strong style="font-size: 10px;">Conclusão</strong><strong style="font-size: 10px;">: </strong><span style="font-size: 10px;">a terapia com RV se mostra eficaz para os pacientes com DP. Os desfechos de marcha e equilíbrio tiveram melhorias consideráveis. No entanto, não se deve preconizar a utilização desse modelo de terapia em detrimento de modelos mais convencionais, devido ao fato de eles não apresentarem grandes diferenças nos resultados obtidos.</span></h1><p> </p>
Stretchable Energy‐Harvesting Tactile Interactive Interface with Liquid‐Metal‐Nanoparticle‐Based Electrodes
Authors: Yang Yijia , Han Jing , Huang Jinrong , Sun Jia , Wang Zhong Lin , Seo Soonmin , Sun Qijun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEnergy‐harvesting electronic skin (E‐skin) is highly promising for sustainable and self‐powered interactive systems, wearable human health monitors, and intelligent robotics. Flexible/stretchable electrodes and robust energy‐harvesting components are critical in constructing soft, wearable, and energy‐autonomous E‐skin systems. A stretchable energy‐harvesting tactile interactive interface is demonstrated using liquid metal nanoparticles (LM‐NPs)‐based electrodes. This stretchable energy‐harvesting tactile interface relies on triboelectric nanogenerator composed of a galinstan LM‐NP‐based stretchable electrode and patterned elastic polymer friction and encapsulation layer. It provides stable and high open‐circuit voltage (268 V), short‐circuit current (12.06 µA), and transferred charges (103.59 nC), which are sufficient to drive commercial portable electronics. As a self‐powered tactile sensor, it presents satisfactory and repeatable sensitivity of 2.52 V·kPa−1 and is capable of working as a touch interactive keyboard. The demonstrated stretchable and robust energy‐harvesting E‐skin using LM‐NP‐based electrodes is of great significance in sustainable human–machine interactive system, intelligent robotic skin, security tactile switches, etc.
Viewpoint: Pavlovian Materials—Functional Biomimetics Inspired by Classical Conditioning
Authors: Zhang Hang , Zeng Hao , Priimagi Arri , Ikkala Olli 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHerein, it is discussed whether the complex biological concepts of (associative) learning can inspire responsive artificial materials. It is argued that classical conditioning, being one of the most elementary forms of learning, inspires algorithmic realizations in synthetic materials, to allow stimuli‐responsive materials that learn to respond to a new stimulus, to which they are originally insensitive. Two synthetic model systems coined as “Pavlovian materials” are described, whose stimuli‐responsiveness algorithmically mimics programmable associative learning, inspired by classical conditioning. The concepts minimally need a stimulus‐triggerable memory, in addition to two stimuli, i.e., the unconditioned and the originally neutral stimuli. Importantly, the concept differs conceptually from the classic stimuli‐responsive and shape‐memory materials, as, upon association, Pavlovian materials obtain a given response using a new stimulus (the originally neutral one); i.e., the system evolves to a new state. This also enables the functionality to be described by a logic diagram. Ample room for generalization to different stimuli and memory combinations is foreseen, and opportunities to develop future adaptive materials with ever‐more intelligent functions are expected.
Anharmonic Lattice Vibrations in Small‐Molecule Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Asher Maor , Angerer Daniel , Korobko Roman , Diskin‐Posner Yael , Egger David A. , Yaffe Omer 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe intermolecular lattice vibrations in small‐molecule organic semiconductors have a strong impact on their functional properties. Existing models treat the lattice vibrations within the harmonic approximation. In this work, polarization‐orientation (PO) Raman measurements are used to monitor the temperature‐evolution of the symmetry of lattice vibrations in anthracene and pentacene single crystals. Combined with first‐principles calculations, it is shown that at 10 K, the lattice dynamics of the crystals are indeed harmonic. However, as the temperature is increased, specific lattice modes gradually lose their PO dependence and become more liquid‐like. This finding is indicative of a dynamic symmetry breaking of the crystal structure and shows clear evidence of the strongly anharmonic nature of these vibrations. Pentacene also shows an apparent phase transition between 80 and 150 K, indicated by a change in the vibrational symmetry of one of the lattice modes. These findings lay the groundwork for accurate predictions of the electronic properties of high‐mobility organic semiconductors at room temperature.
A Nanostrategy for Efficient Imaging‐Guided Antitumor Therapy through a Stimuli‐Responsive Branched Polymeric Prodrug
Authors: Cai Hao , Dai Xinghang , Wang Xiaoming , Tan Ping , Gu Lei , Luo Qiang , Zheng Xiuli , Li Zhiqian , Zhu Hongyan , Zhang Hu , Gu Zhongwei , Gong Qiyong , Luo Kui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA stimuli‐responsive polymeric prodrug‐based nanotheranostic system with imaging agents (cyanine5.5 and gadolinium‐chelates) and a therapeutic agent paclitaxel (PTX) is prepared via polymerization and conjugating chemistry. The branched polymeric PTX‐Gd‐based nanoparticles (BP‐PTX‐Gd NPs) demonstrate excellent biocompatibility, and high stability under physiological conditions, but they stimuli‐responsively degrade and release PTX rapidly in a tumor microenvironment. The in vitro behavior of NPs labeled with fluorescent dyes is effectively monitored, and the NPs display high cytotoxicity to 4T1 cells similar to free PTX by impairing the function of microtubules, downregulating anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2, and upregulating the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase‐3, cleaved caspase‐9, cleaved‐PARP, and p53 proteins. Great improvement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is demonstrated by these NPs, and MRI accurately maps the temporal change profile of the tumor volume after injection of NPs and the tumor treatment process is also closely correlated with the T1 values measured from MRI, demonstrating the capability of providing real‐time feedback to the chemotherapeutic treatment effectiveness. The imaging‐guided chemotherapy to the 4T1 tumor in the mice model achieves an excellent anti‐tumor effect. This stimuli‐responsive polymeric nano‐agent opens a new door for efficient breast cancer treatment under the guidance of fluorescence/MRI.
Significantly Improved Cyclability of Conversion‐Type Transition Metal Oxyfluoride Cathodes by Homologous Passivation Layer Reconstruction
Authors: Ju Licheng , Wang Guanzhi , Liang Kun , Wang Maoyu , Sterbinsky George E. , Feng Zhenxing , Yang Yang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractElectrode stabilization by surface passivation has been explored as the most crucial step to develop long‐cycle lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, functionally graded materials consisting of “conversion‐type” iron‐doped nickel oxyfluoride (NiFeOF) cathode covered with a homologous passivation layer (HPL) are rationally designed for long‐cycle LIBs. The compact and fluorine‐rich HPL plays dual roles in suppressing the volume change of NiFeOF porous cathode and minimizing the dissolution of transition metals during LIBs cycling by forming a structure/composition gradient. The structure and composition of HPL reconstructs during lithiation/delithiation, buffering the volume change and trapping the dissolved transition metals. As a result, a high capacity of 175 mAh g−1 (equal to an outstanding volumetric capacity of 936 Ah L−1) with a greatly reduced capacity decay rate of 0.012% per cycle for 1000 cycles is achieved, which is superior to the NiFeOF porous film without HPL and commercially available NiF2‐FeF3 powders. The proposed chemical and structure reconstruction mechanism of HPL opens a new avenue for the novel materials development for long‐cycle LIBs.
High Efficiency Perovskite‐Silicon Tandem Solar Cells: Effect of Surface Coating versus Bulk Incorporation of 2D Perovskite
Authors: Duong The , Pham Huyen , Kho Teng Choon , Phang Pheng , Fong Kean Chern , Yan Di , Yin Yanting , Peng Jun , Mahmud Md Arafat , Gharibzadeh Saba , Nejand Bahram Abdollahi , Hossain Ihteaz M. , Khan Motiur Rahman , Mozaffari Naeimeh , Wu YiLiang , Shen Heping , Zheng Jianghui , Mai Haoxin , Liang Wensheng , Samundsett Chris , Stocks Matthew , McIntosh Keith , Andersson Gunther G. , Lemmer Uli , Richards Bryce S. , Paetzold Ulrich W. , Ho‐Ballie Anita , Liu Yun , Macdonald Daniel , Blakers Andrew , Wong‐Leung Jennifer , White Thomas , Weber Klaus , Catchpole Kylie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMixed‐dimensional perovskite solar cells combining 3D and 2D perovskites have recently attracted wide interest owing to improved device efficiency and stability. Yet, it remains unclear which method of combining 3D and 2D perovskites works best to obtain a mixed‐dimensional system with the advantages of both types. To address this, different strategies of combining 2D perovskites with a 3D perovskite are investigated, namely surface coating and bulk incorporation. It is found that through surface coating with different aliphatic alkylammonium bulky cations, a Ruddlesden–Popper “quasi‐2D” perovskite phase is formed on the surface of the 3D perovskite that passivates the surface defects and significantly improves the device performance. In contrast, incorporating those bulky cations into the bulk induces the formation of the pure 2D perovskite phase throughout the bulk of the 3D perovskite, which negatively affects the crystallinity and electronic structure of the 3D perovskite framework and reduces the device performance. Using the surface‐coating strategy with n‐butylammonium bromide to fabricate semitransparent perovskite cells and combining with silicon cells in four‐terminal tandem configuration, 27.7% tandem efficiency with interdigitated back contact silicon bottom cells (size‐unmatched) and 26.2% with passivated emitter with rear locally diffused silicon bottom cells is achieved in a 1 cm2 size‐matched tandem.
A High Energy Density Aqueous Battery Achieved by Dual Dissolution/Deposition Reactions Separated in Acid‐Alkaline Electrolyte
Authors: Liu Chang , Chi Xiaowei , Han Qi , Liu Yu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAqueous batteries are facing big challenges in the context of low working voltages and energy density, which are dictated by the narrow electrochemical window of aqueous electrolytes and low specific capacities of traditional intercalation‐type electrodes, even though they usually represent high safety, low cost, and simple maintenance. For the first time, this work demonstrates a record high‐energy‐density (1503 Wh kg−1 calculated from the cathode active material) aqueous battery system that derives from a novel electrolyte design to expand the electrochemical window of electrolyte to 3 V and two high‐specific‐capacity electrode reactions. An acid‐alkaline dual electrolyte separated by an ion‐selective membrane enables two dissolution/deposition electrode redox reactions of MnO2/Mn2+ and Zn/Zn(OH)42− with theoretical specific capacities of 616 and 820 mAh g−1, respectively. The newly proposed Zn–Mn2+ aqueous battery shows a high Coulombic efficiency of 98.4% and cycling stability of 97.5% of discharge capacity retention for 1500 cycles. Furthermore, in the flow battery based on Zn–Mn2+ pairs, more excellent stability of 99.5% of discharge capacity retention for 6000 cycles is achieved due to greatly improved reversibility of the Zn anode. This work provides a new path for the development of novel aqueous batteries with high voltage and energy density.
Harvesting cover crops for biofuel and livestock production: Another ecosystem service?
Authors: Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Ruis Sabrina J. , Proctor Christopher A. , Creech Cody F. , Drewnoski Mary E. , Redfearn Daren D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHarvesting cover crops (CCs) for livestock and biofuel production can be an important ecosystem service from CCs, but this potential service has not been widely discussed. We reviewed the potential use of CCs for livestock or biofuel production, impacts of CC harvesting on soils and crops, the amount of harvestable CC biomass, and strategies to enhance CC biomass production. We searched literature in Web of Science using terms such as “cover crops,” “harvesting,” “soil properties,” and “crop yield,” among others, and found about 30 papers. The literature indicates that CC harvesting does not generally affect soil properties, crop yields, and weed suppression, although the studies are relatively few. Leaving 7.5‐10 cm of CC stubble after harvest could maintain soil ecosystem services. Cover crops produce 3.37 ± 2.96 Mg ha−1 (mean ± SD) of aboveground biomass and 1.33 ± 0.98 Mg ha−1 of belowground (root) biomass. Root biomass input, representing about 30% of the total CC biomass production, could be critical to the maintenance of soil services after CC harvest. The amount of harvestable biomass while maintaining soil services ranges from 1‐3 Mg ha−1 in semiarid regions and from 1‐6 Mg ha−1 in humid regions for high‐biomass‐producing CCs. Strategies to increase CC biomass production include planting CCs early and terminating late, adapting cropping systems by using earlier‐maturity group varieties, and using flexible cropping systems. Overall, CC harvesting appears feasible, but additional research on CC management and harvesting effects on ecosystem services is needed before harvesting CCs at large scales.
Natural variation on whole‐plant form in the wild is influenced by multivariate soil nutrient characteristics: natural selection acts on root traits
Authors: Murren Courtney J. , Alt Claudia H. S. , Kohler Clare , Sancho Gorka 
Published: January 2020

PremiseIn the complex soil nutrient environments of wild populations of annual plants, in general, low nutrient availability restricts growth and alters root–shoot relationships. However, our knowledge of natural selection on roots in field settings is limited. We sought to determine whether selection acts directly on root traits and to identify which components of the soil environment were potential agents of selection.MethodsWe studied wild native populations ofArabidopsis thalianaacross 4 years, measuring aboveground and belowground traits and analyzing soil nutrients. Using multivariate methods, we examined patterns of natural selection and identified soil attributes that contributed to whole‐plant form. In a common garden experiment at two field sites with contrasting soil texture, we examined patterns of selection on root and shoot traits.ResultsIn wild populations, we uncovered selection for above‐ and belowground size and architectural traits. We detected variation through time and identified soil components that influenced fruit production. In the garden experiment, we detected a distinct positive selection for total root length at the site with greater water‐holding capacity and negative selection for measures of root architecture at the field site with reduced nutrient availability and water holding capacity.ConclusionsPatterns of natural selection on belowground traits varied through time, across field sites and experimental gardens. Simultaneous investigations of above‐ and belowground traits reveal trait functional relationships on which natural selection can act, highlighting the influence of edaphic features on evolutionary processes in wild annual plant populations.
The macronutrient composition of wild and cultivated plant foods of West African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) inhabiting an anthropogenic landscape
Authors: Bryson‐Morrison Nicola , Beer Andy , Gaspard Soumah Aly , Matsuzawa Tetsuro , Humle Tatyana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAgricultural expansion encroaches on tropical forests and primates in such landscapes frequently incorporate crops into their diet. Understanding the nutritional drivers behind crop‐foraging can help inform conservation efforts to improve human‐primate coexistence. This study builds on existing knowledge of primate diets in anthropogenic landscapes by estimating the macronutrient content of 24 wild and 11 cultivated foods (90.5% of food intake) consumed by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Bossou, Guinea, West Africa. We also compared the macronutrient composition of Bossou crops to published macronutrient measures of crops from Bulindi, Uganda, East Africa. The composition of wild fruits, leaves, and pith were consistent with previous reports for primate diets. Cultivated fruits were higher in carbohydrates and lower in insoluble fiber than wild fruits, while wild fruits were higher in protein. Macronutrient content of cultivated pith fell within the ranges of consumed wild pith. Oil palm food parts were relatively rich in carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and/or fermentable fiber, adding support for the nutritional importance of the oil palm for West African chimpanzees. We found no differences in the composition of cultivated fruits between Bossou and Bulindi, suggesting that macronutrient content alone does not explain differences in crop selection. Our results build on the current understanding of chimpanzee feeding ecology within forest‐agricultural mosaics and provide additional support for the assumption that crops offer primates energetic benefits over wild foods.
Secular decline in limb bone strength among South African Africans during the 19th and 20th centuries
Authors: Wallace Ian J. , Marsh D'Arcy , Otárola‐Castillo Erik , Billings Brendon K. , Mngomezulu Victor , Grine Frederick E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesSouth African Africans have been reported to have experienced negative or null secular trends in stature and other measures of skeletal structure across the 19th and 20th centuries, presumably due to poor living conditions during a time of intensifying racial discrimination. Here, we investigate whether any secular trend is apparent in limb bone strength during the same period.Materials and MethodsCadaver‐derived skeletons (n = 221) were analyzed from female and male South African Africans who were born between 1839 and 1970, lived in and around Johannesburg, and died between 1925 and 1991 when they were 17–90 years of age. For each skeleton, a humerus and femur were scanned using computed tomography, and mid‐diaphyseal cross‐sectional geometric properties were calculated and scaled according to body size.ResultsIn general linear mixed models accounting for sex, age at death, and skeletal element, year of birth was a significant (p < .05) negative predictor of size‐standardized mid‐diaphyseal cortical area (a proxy for resistance to axial loading) and polar moment of area (a proxy for resistance to bending and torsion), indicating a temporal trend toward diminishing limb bone strength. No significant interactions were detected between year of birth and age at death, suggesting that the decline in limb bone strength was mainly due to changes in skeletal maturation rather than severity of age‐related bone loss.DiscussionLimb bone strength is thus potentially another feature of the skeletal biology of South African Africans that was compromised by poor living conditions during the 19th and 20th centuries.
Giant Emission Enhancement of Solid‐State Gold Nanoclusters by Surface Engineering
Authors: Yao Chuanhao , Xu Cong‐Qiao , Park In‐Hyeok , Zhao Meng , Zhu Ziyu , Li Jing , Hai Xiao , Fang Hanyan , Zhang Yong , Macam Gennevieve , Teng Jinghua , Li Lin , Xu Qing‐Hua , Chuang Feng‐Chuan , Lu Junpeng , Su Chenliang , Li Jun , Lu Jiong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLigand‐induced surface restructuring with heteroatomic doping is used to precisely modify the surface of a prototypical [Au25(SR1)18]− cluster (1) while maintaining its icosahedral Au13 core for the synthesis of a new bimetallic [Au19Cd3(SR2)18]− cluster (2). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies reveal that six bidentate Au2(SR1)3 motifs (L2) attached to the Au13 core of 1 were replaced by three quadridentate Au2Cd(SR2)6 motifs (L4) to create a bimetallic cluster 2. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate a stronger electronic interaction between the surface motifs (Au2Cd(SR2)6) and the Au13 core, attributed to a more compact cluster structure and a larger energy gap of 2 compared to that of 1. These factors dramatically enhance the photoluminescence quantum efficiency and lifetime of crystal of the cluster 2. This work provides a new route for the design of a wide range of bimetallic/alloy metal nanoclusters with superior optoelectronic properties and functionality.