bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of nonlocal dielectric response on the Au tip-enhanced fluorescence effect
Authors: Pei Huan , Wei Yong , Dai Qiyuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Tip-enhanced fluorescence (TEF) with ultra-high detection sensitivity and spatial resolution has been a powerful characterization technique in the study of surface science and life science. Herein, a systematically theoretical investigation in the visible range had been performed to study TEF properties of a single molecule located inside a nanogap formed by Au tip and substrate. In the strong localized surface plasmon coupling effect, the contribution of nonlocal dielectric response to the fluorescence quantum yield as well as radiative and energy dissipated decay rates were calculated. It is found that the nonlocal dielectric effects become comparable to the radiative and energy dissipated decay rates with the increasing of the tip-molecule distance, as a result, the nonlocal dielectric effect significantly suppresses the fluorescence process. The huge excitation enhancement at the shorter tip-molecule distance can efficiently compensate the low quantum yield, leading to the great fluorescence enhancement. The results show that the maximum enhancement obtained from the calculations can reach as high as four orders of magnitude by optimizing the tip-molecule distance. These results are not only helpful to our understanding of the TEF mechanism but also valuable for its further applications.
Meissner to ferromagnetic phase transition in La-decorated functionalized Nb2C MXene: an experimental and computational analysis
Authors: Fatheema Jameela , Khan Saleem Ayaz , Arif Nimrah , Iqbal Mudassir , Ullah Hamid , Rizwan Syed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work reports experimental and computational magnetic phase transition from superconducting-diamagnet to ferromagnet in lanthanum (La)-doped functionalized Nb2C MXene. Co-precipitation method is used to synthesize La-doped Nb2C MXene. Structure and morphology of the compound are studied through x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectroscopy, confirming the successful doping of La while retaining the two-dimensional (2D) structure of MXene. The magnetic properties of doped sample are studied using field-cooled and zero-field-cooled curves as well as from magnetization (M) versus applied magnetic field (H) graphs. Contrary to the superconductivity-like diamagnetic behavior in pristine Nb2C MXene, the La-doped MXene converts the diamagnetism into the ferromagnetic (FM) phases at all temperatures. The ferromagnetism arises due to the pinning of magnetic spins pinned by Lanthanum itself. The computational analysis of pristine Nb2C MXene confirms its diamagnetic behavior and further clarifies the role of La and functional groups (O and F) in the reduction of diamagnetic behavior in La-doped Nb2C MXene while inducing FM nature. This work provides an interesting superconducting-diamagnetic to FM transition with a possibility of its implementation in 2D spintronics.
Development of self-powered bubble velocity sensor for gas–liquid two-phase flow based on triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Fan Chenxing , Wu Chuan , Wen Guojun , Wang Aiyan , Zhou Qing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Bubble velocity of gas–liquid two-phase flow in coalbed methane well is an key parameter for formulating coalbed methane drainage technology. In this paper, a self-powered bubble velocity sensor (GLT-TENG) of two-phase flow, which is composed of distributed copper electrodes and low-density polyethylene wrapped in an outer layer, is proposed and analyzed based on triboelectric nanogenerator. Test results show that the measurement range is 0–0.49 m s−1 with a measurement error less than 6% when the GLT-TENG is used to measure a single bubble, but the measurement errors are inversely proportional to the time interval (the ratio of distance to speed difference) between the two bubbles when the GLT-TENG is used to measure continuous bubbles, and the measurement accuracy can reach 100% when the bubble time interval is greater than 0.3 s. The maximum output can be achieved when the bubble velocity impulse is 6200 cm3 · cm s−1, that is, the maximum output voltage and current are 0.38 V and 6.3 nA, respectively, and the maximum output power is 0.64 pW when the external load is 50 MΩ. In addition, the temperature and pulverized coal tests show that GLT-TENG has a good signal-to-noise ratio in the coalbed methane well environment, which can meet the actual working conditions.
A reaction mechanism for vibrationally-cold low-pressure CO2 plasmas
Authors: Silva A F , Morillo-Candás A S , Tejero-del-Caz A , Alves L L , Guaitella O , Guerra V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The use of plasmas for CO2 utilization has been under investigation in recent years following a wave of environmental awareness. In this work, previously published experimental results on vibrationally cold CO2 plasmas are modelled to define a reaction mechanism, i.e. a set of reactions and rate coefficients validated against benchmark experiments. The model couples self-consistently the electron and heavy particle kinetics. In turn, the simulated results are validated against measurements taken in CO2 DC glow discharges in a relatively large range of experimental conditions: at pressures from 0.4 to 5 Torr, reduced electric fields ranging from 50 to 100 Td and gas flowing from 2 to 8 sccm. The model predicts the measured values of product formation (CO and O) as well as discharge power and electric field. After validation, a thorough analysis of the model’s results is presented, including: electron properties, species densities, power distribution into different excitation channels and main creation and destruction mechanisms of the main species. It is shown that, although vibrational populations are low, they have a significant effect on the electron properties and thus on the electric field and conversion. Moreover, the shape of the EEDF is significantly dependent on the dissociation degree. The role of electronically excited states on CO2 dissociation is also analyzed, showing that the first electronic excited state of CO can have a beneficial or detrimental effect in further producing CO and O in the discharge.
Analytical modeling and simulation of a multifunctional segmented lithium ion battery unimorph actuator
Authors: Gonzalez Cody , Ma Jun , Frecker Mary , Rahn Christopher 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are able to achieve large deformation and high actuation force when using a unimorph configuration and a silicon composite anode. Distribution of charge to different segments allows for shape change with only small parasitic losses due to internal resistance. A unique attribute of LIB actuators are their ability to maintain actuation shape. The actuation mechanism also requires no power to be consumed to maintain the deformed shape. Segmenting the unimorph improves the customizability and allows for spatial variation of the unimorph parameters. Spatially varying the charge and thickness of the unimorph along the length improves the range of motion and complex shapes achievable by this design. Spatially varying the thickness of the unimorph specifically allows for improved blocked force and actuation force per volume. An analytical model is developed to predict several key actuator metrics. Free deflection is found for a variety of example cases. Blocked deflection and blocked force are also found using a novel modified equivalent end moment method. Actuation force is found using a combination of both the free deflection and blocked force equations herein developed. Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is used, including the effects of beam segmentation and curvature shortening. This model and a commercial finite element analysis simulation are compared and experimentally verified.
Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of turbulence and stochastic fluid systems
Authors: Wu Wei , Wang Jin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Fluid systems are found in the Universe at various scales. Turbulence as a complex form of fluid motion far from thermodynamic equilibrium remains one of the most challenging problems in physics. In this work, we study the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of stochastic fluid systems in general and turbulence in particular. Our approach is based on a reinterpretation of the stochastic fluid system as an interacting many-body system in contact with multiple heat baths. A set of nonequilibrium thermodynamic equations for general stochastic fluid systems, applicable to turbulence in the far-from-equilibrium regime, is constructed using the potential landscape and flux field theory. In addition to the energy and entropy balance equations that represent the first and second laws of thermodynamics, a new thermodynamic equation is found to be crucial for relating the first law with the second law and connecting violation of detailed balance to entropy flow and entropy production at the steady state. It is demonstrated that steady-state entropy production and energy flow are manifestations of the nonequilibrium irreversible nature of fluid systems characterized by the nonequilibrium trinity construct that originates from temperature nonuniformity. We propose an intuitive thermodynamic picture of the turbulence energy cascade process as heat conduction in the scale domain, where energy flow across scales is conducted by nonlinear convection and driven by the temperature difference between the large and small scales. Nonequilibrium irreversibility of turbulence energy cascade is quantified by the steady-state entropy production rate. This work is rooted in both fluid dynamics and nonequilibrium statistical physics, fostering a deeper level of communication between these fields. Further extensions of this work have the potential to grow into a more complete nonequilibrium statistical theory, with a much wider range of applications encompassing general physical, chemical and biological nonequilibrium systems.
The Influence of Milling Ball Size on the Structural, Morphological and Catalytic Properties of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles toward Methylene Blue Degradation
Authors: Amiruddin Erwin , Awaluddin Amir , Hariani Innike , Sihombing Ribka , Angraini Riska 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Structural, morphological properties and the catalytic activity of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles for degradation of methylene blue have been studied. The magnetite nanoparticles were synthesised from Padang beach sand West Sumatera by 2 steps ball milling method. Structures and morphologies of the synthesized magnetite nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that the particle size of the magnetite nanoparticles can be controlled by milling ball size. The average grain size of magnetite particles milled for milling ball size of 0.7 cm and 1.5 cm was found to be 81.25 nm and 30.75 nm, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that the particle size of samples decreases as milling ball size increases and the grains exhibit irregular form. The effect of milling ball size on the degradation efficiency of catalytic reaction exhibited a good ability to degrade methylene blue from aqueous solutions with a maximum methylene blue removal rate of 86.79% for 10 hours reaction time.
The Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Activated Carbon Electrode Derived from Pineapple Leaf Waste for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Agustino  , Awitdrus  , Amri Amun , Taslim Rika , Taer Erman 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aims to the physical and electrochemical properties of the supercapacitor carbon electrodes derived from pineapple leaf waste. The production of carbon electrodes was conducted using combinations of chemical activation, carbonization, and physical activation. The chemical activation was carried out using a 0.9 M KOH activator. The carbonization and physical activation were conducted using a one-step process. The PAL-AC electrode was obtained showed porosity in the mesoporous range, large pore volume, and high specific surface area. The surface morphology of the PAL-AC electrode is dominated by carbon and nanofibers particles. The nanofibers diameter based on the SEM micrograph is in the range of 44-137 nm. Elemental contents of the PAL-AC electrode are dominated by carbon and oxygen with an atomic percentage of 86.03% and 9.49%, respectively. The XRD pattern of the PAL-AC electrode shows the presence of two wide peaks at scattering angle of 23° and 45°. The specific capacitance of the PAL-AC electrode as high as 127 F g−1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte solution using two-electrode configuration. The pineapple leaf waste based-carbon electrodes show promising potential for use as supercapacitor electrodes.
Development of Interactive Learning Media Based on HOTS Material Temperature and Heat
Authors: Puspita Amelia Dwi , Islami Nur , Nasir Muhammad , Fakhruddin  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Development of instructional media is very important in learning physics which requires high-level skills to master the concepts. The purpose of this study is to develop interactive multimedia based on HOTS on temperature and heat material. This media is made with Macromedia Flash 8 which consists of 4 main menus namely competence, material, training, and evaluation. This media features several creative animations related to temperature and heat material. The results of this development can be used as an alternative for students and teachers to understand the concepts of physics in fostering low to high level thinking
Anti-Reflecting Coating to Improve the Performance of Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Module
Authors: Putri Mella Septia , Wati Agustina , Rini Ari Sulistyo , Umar Lazuardi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Photovoltaic performance module (PV) is affected by surface temperature panel, which can reduce output efficiency represented by output power and internal parasitic resistance. Series resistance (Rs) and shunt resistance (Rsh) are needed to determine the characteristics and performance of PV modules for long-term operations. In this work, an anti-reflecting coating (AR layer) has been used to improve the efficiency of solar cells and to determine the stability of the parasitic resistance Rs and Rsh. A 10Watt Visero Polycrystalline PV module coated with AR layer is irradiated using direct sunlight, and using an artificial light of 500W halogen lamp at various temperature ranges from 30 °C to 60 °C. Rs and Rsh are determined based on the current-voltage curve using three parameters; short circuit current, open-circuit voltage, and the maximum power point generated for the Lambert-W calculation. Results show an increase of 11% output power using AR coated module, while the internal resistance Rs increases for 13% and Rsh decreases by 0.54%. For non-coated PV, Rs increased significantly for 165% and Rsh decreased by 7.4%. Furthermore, the temperature also affects the open-circuit voltage for 8.6% lower and increase the output power for 6.7%. The results show the series Rs and shunt resistance Rsh values depend on the PV module temperature.
Test on Several Concentrations Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) Sorokin in Palm oil Empty Fruit Bunch Compost (metankos) to Infecting Oryctes Rhinoceros Larvae.
Authors: Fauzana Hafiz , Arda Febriliani , Nelvia  , Rustam Rusli , puspita Fifi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Oil palm is a very important plant because it is one of the world's vegetable oil producing plants. Oryctes rhinoceros is one of the important pests that attack oil palm plants. The recommended control of Oryctes rhinoceros is used integrate pest control, one of which can use the biological agent of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. The composition of oil palm empty fruit bunches can be a medium rich in organic matter for the breeding of Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. This research aims to study the best concentration of Metarhizium anisopliae in oil palm empty fruit bunch compost (metankos) to infect Oryctes rhinoceros larvae. This research was conducted in Laboratory of Plant Pests, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau, from April to October 2019. This study is experimental with Complete Randomized Design with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment of Metarhizium anisopliae concentration on metankos consisted of : 0 g.l−1, 10 g.l−1, 20 g.l−1, 30 g.l−1, 40 g.l−1, and 50 g.l−1
Metarhizium anisopliae. The results show is concentration of Metarhizium anisopliae 50 g.l−1 water with a total mortality of 56% larvae.
Antioxidant activity of an Epiphyte Fern in Palm Oil Tree
Authors: Hendra Rudi , Gurning Siska Novalina , Norwahyuni  , Panjaitan Uci Putri Ayunda , Teruna Hilwan Yuda 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Vitaria elongata is an epiphytic plant in the Pteridaceae family, which usually grows on palms and wetlands. Other species of this genus have been reported to have cytotoxic and antioxidant activity, but their biological activity was not reported in this species. Therefore, the research aimed at antioxidant activity from V. elongata extracts. The extract of methanol was obtained by maceration (3 x 24 h). The sample was subsequently brought with partition containing various organic solvents (n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate). The n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, and water extracts tested for antioxidant activity were performed using 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazil (DPPH) methods. The IC50 value of dichloromethan, ethyl acetate and water extract was 472,35 μg / mL, 94,72 μg / mL, and 13,63 μg / mL, while there was no antioxidant activity of the n-hexane extract and component VE-DCM-01, IC50 > 1,00 μg / mL.
Antidiabetic Activity of Some Extracts from Anisophyllea disticha Leaves
Authors: Almurdani Muhammad , Fikriyah Miftahul , Zamri Adel , Nugroho Titania T. , Jasril Jasril , Eryanti Yum , Teruna Hilwan Yuda 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Anisophyllea disticha has been being used as a traditional medicine by Talang Mamak tribe in Indragiri Hulu district, Riau province, Indonesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate antidiabetic properties of A.disticha leaves. The methanol extract was obtained by maceration, followed by successive partition process and yielded n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions. Antidiabetic activity was determined by inhibiting the α-glucosidase activity method. The methanol extract showed high antidibetic activity followed by ethyl acetate fraction with IC50 value of 47.765 ± 0.127 and 50.883 ± 0.803 μg/mL, respectively. It could be concluded that leaves of A.disticha had antidiabetic properties.
Developing an Interactive Chemistry E-Module for Salt Hydrolysis Material to Face the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mazidah  , Erna Maria , Anwar Lenny 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to develop an interactive chemistry e-module for learning chemistry for salt hydrolysis material at senior high school (SMA/MA). The research method utilized in this study was Research and Development (R&D) by using Plomp model. This study was divided into three phases: (a) preliminary research phase; (b) the development or prototype phase; and (c) assessment phase. E-module product was developed by using Kvisoft flipbook maker application. The results of this study revealed that the chemical e-module for salt hydrolysis material was declared to be very valid. The analysis results of the responses from teachers and students showed that e-module for salt hydrolysis material included in the criteria of attractive and this e-module received positive responses from teachers and students. This implies that this interactive e-module product is recommended to be used for online chemistry learning for salt hydrolysis material during the period of Covid-19 pandemic.
Validity and Reliability of Assessment Instruments for Analytical Thinking Ability and Chemical Literacy in the Colligative Properties
Authors: Yandriani  , Rery R U , Erna Maria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to develop and determine the construct validity, reliability, and items analysis of the instruments for assessing analytical thinking abilities and chemical literacy in the colligative properties materials. This study was a research and development (R&D) utilizing the ADDIE model. The subjects of this study were 30 students of class XII at senior high school (SMA) in Bengkalis. The results revealed that of the 15 items on the analytical thinking skills and chemical literacy, 10 items had good construct validity and had very high reliability test values, with the Cronbach alpha of 0.887. The results of item analysis of the instrument which was developed for assessing the analytical thinking skills and chemical literacy showed that for the difficulty indices, 80% of the items were classified as moderate items and 20% of them were classified as easy items. Then, the analysis results for the discrimination indices revealed that 80% of the items were good while 20% of the items were categorized as satisfactory. In addition, based on the analysis of construct validity, reliability, and items analysis, the assessment instrument for analytical thinking ability and chemical literacy was valid and feasible to be used to measure the students’ analytical thinking skills and chemical literacy on the material of colligative properties on a broad scale test.
An Analysis and Design of Web-Based Learning GoProfTeach as Interactive Learning Tools
Authors: Suryawati E , Rahmi F O , Rizki M , Arnan R H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the need for:1) analyzing resources availability 2) analysing the TPACK (Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge) profile of preservice biology teachers 3) designing GoProfTeach as a web-based learning tool for in-service and pre-service teachers. In doing so, it followed ADDIE development model. The instrument for data collection was a validated TPACK test. This article, in particular, discusses the results of the study in the first year of the analysis and design phase. The instrument for data collection included documents checking sheets, questions validation sheets and a Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) test. The results of resources availability analysis and TPACK tests indicate that there is a need for the development of web-based learning resources as a means of increasing the ability of TPACK of pre-service and high school Biology teachers. The contents that have been designed include; 4 sets of practice exercises, 4 modules, and 2 virtual lab topics. Following the research findings, the website contents will be further developed to make sure that they be used as an independent and interactive learning source for undergraduate students and pre-service Biology teachers who will take the Teacher Professional Education Program (PPG) and PPG Student Competency Test.