bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic architecture, demographic history, and genomic differentiation of Populus davidiana revealed by whole‐genome resequencing
Authors: Hou Zhe , Li Ang , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractForest trees are an excellent resource from which to understand population differentiation and heterogeneous genome variation patterns due to the majority of forest trees being distributed widely and able to adapt to different climates and environments. Populus davidiana is among the most geographically widespread and ecologically important tree species in China. Whole‐genome resequencing data of 75 individual examples of P. davidiana throughout China were conducted, finding that all examples from different regions were clearly divided into either Northeast (N), Central (C), and South (S) populations. The ancestors of P. davidiana diverged into Northern group, comprising both N and C and Southern populations approximately 792,548 years ago. This time point of differentiation suggests that divergence of P. davidiana populations might have been triggered by the mid‐Pleistocene transition. The three populations experienced considerable periods of bottleneck following divergence, with population expansion beginning around 5,000 years ago after the end of the last glacial maximum. We found N to be the center of origin of P. davidiana in China. The migration route of P. davidiana in China was from N to S. Although the majority of the regions of genomic differentiation between N and S populations can be explained by neutral processes, a number of tested outlier regions were also found to have been significantly influenced by natural selection. Our results highlight that linked selection and rates of recombination were important factors in genomic differentiation between the N and S populations. Finally, we identified a substantial number of functional genes related to climate change during population differentiation and adaptive evolution.
Discriminating Pennisetum alopecuoides plants in a grazed pasture from unmanned aerial vehicles using object‐based image analysis and random forest classifier
Authors: Yuba Norio , Kawamura Kensuke , Yasuda Taisuke , Lim Jihyun , Yoshitoshi Rena , Watanabe Nariyasu , Kurokawa Yuzo , Maeda Teruo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTimely and accurate weed detection in pasture is critical for efficient grazing management. Although high‐resolution images from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer new opportunities for the detection of weeds at the farm scale, pixel‐based image analyses do not always produce the best results and object‐based image analysis (OBIA) has improved weed discrimination accuracy. In the present study, we evaluated the performance of OBIA on UAV images by integrating random forest (RF) classifier with auxiliary information layers to discriminate and map Pennisetum alopecuroide plants, a prolific and harmful weed, in a grazed pasture. The UAV images were captured at different flight altitudes (28, 56, 82 and 114 m). The OBIA‐RF algorithm included 20 input features: five layers (red‐green‐blue [RGB] or hue‐saturation‐brightness [HSV] image bands, texture and digital surface model) and the descriptive statistics (median, standard deviation, minimum and maximum) for each object. The predicted P. alopecuroides maps were evaluated for out‐of‐bag accuracy and generalized error accuracy in the test dataset. HSV‐based classification had higher classification accuracy, and the lowest altitude of 28 m (spatial resolution, 0.9 cm) was considered the most suitable for the weed detection. Overall, the optimal classification accuracy was achieved in the HSV‐based OBIA‐RF model using the images from the lowest altitude (highest spatial resolution). Among the 20 input features, the brightness information (V layer) in the HSV images was considered the most important because P. alopecuroides ears are black.
Left ventricle automatic pacing threshold management in CRT systems: A comprehensive review
Authors: Zoppo Franco , Gagno Giulia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractModern cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device‐based threshold detection enables capture management and voltage output adjusting to combine consistent left ventricular (LV) pacing with acceptable battery drainage. The current technologies available for LV capture automatic confirmation in most cases require the evoked response, as well as “LV pace to right ventricular sense” algorithms. The LV pacing percentage counter may overestimate the CRT delivery which may be reduced due to pacing inhibition (by sensed LV activation) or inadequate capture due to subthreshold current or pacing into refractory tissue. Moreover, the LV threshold at implant and its behavior over time (as a marker of electrical viability) and the ineffective CRT issues (subthreshold stimulation or concealed loss of capture) are discussed. The purpose of the present review is to explore these new challenges regarding LV pacing automatic management.
MiR‐30a‐5p inhibits proliferation and metastasis of hydatidiform mole by regulating B3GNT5 through ERK/AKT pathways
Authors: Guo Zhenzhen , Sun Qiannan , Liao Yangyou , Liu Chao , Zhao Wenjie , Li Xiaoxue , Liu Huan , Dong Ming , Shang Yuhong , Sui Linlin , Kong Ying 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHydatidiform moles are gestational trophoblastic disease. They are abnormal proliferations of trophoblast cells that have the potential to become cancerous. miR‐miR30a‐5p is a tumour suppressor that participates in the development of numerous diseases. However, the role of miR‐30a in hydatidiform moles and the mechanisms underlying its effects are presently unclear. This study explored the levels of miR‐30a and B3GNT5 expression in human hydatidiform mole tissue. The results showed that miR‐30a and B3GNT5 were differentially expressed in normal placenta and hydatidiform mole, and miR‐30a decreased cell proliferation, invasion and migration in trophoblast cell lines. Upon further examination, it was confirmed that miR‐30a directly targeted the 3’untranslated region of B3GNT5 using a dual‐luciferase assay. The results of the present study also revealed that miR‐30a reduced the proliferation, invasion and migration ability in JAR and BeWo cells by regulating B3GNT5, which may inactivate the ERK and AKT signalling pathways. This study demonstrated that miR‐30a was a novel target B3GNT5 that serves an important role in the development of hydatidiform moles, suggesting that miR‐30a may serve as a novel potential biomarker or useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool for hydatidiform moles in clinical settings.
Heterozygous mutations in ZP1 and ZP3 cause formation disorder of ZP and female infertility in human
Authors: Cao Qiqi , Zhao Chun , Zhang Xiaolan , Zhang Heng , Lu Qianneng , Wang Congjing , Hu Yue , Ling Xiufeng , Zhang Junqiang , Huo Ran 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe human zona pellucida (ZP) is a highly organized glycoprotein matrix that encircles oocytes and plays an essential role in successful reproduction. Previous studies have reported that mutations in human ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3 influence their functions and result in a lack of ZP or in an abnormal oocytes and empty follicle syndrome, which leads to female infertility. Here, we performed whole‐exome sequencing in two probands with primary infertility whose oocytes lacked a ZP, and we identified a heterozygous mutation in ZP1 (NM_207341:c.326G>A p.Arg109His), which is situated in the N‐terminus, and a heterozygous mutation in ZP3 (NM_001110354:c.400G>A p.Ala134Thr), which is situated in the ZP domain. The effects of the mutations were investigated through structure prediction and in vitro studies in HeLa cells. The results, which were in line with the phenotype, suggested that these mutations might impede the function of cross‐linking and secretion of ZP proteins. Our study showed that the two mutations in ZP1 and ZP3 influenced the formation of the ZP, causing female infertility. Meanwhile, these data highlight the importance of the ZP1 N‐terminus in addition to the conserved domains for ZP1 function and ZP formation. Additionally, the patient with the ZP1 mutation delivered a baby following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI); thus, we suggest the targeted genetic diagnosis of ZP genes to choose appropriate fertilization methods and improve the success rate of assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments.
Secondary contact zones of closely‐related Erebia butterflies overlap with narrow phenotypic and parasitic clines
Authors: Lucek Kay , Butlin Roger K. , Patsiou Theofania 
Published: June 2020

AbstractZones of secondary contact between closely related taxa are a common legacy of the Quaternary ice ages. Despite their abundance, the factors that keep species apart and prevent hybridization are often unknown. Here, we study a very narrow contact zone between three closely related butterfly species of the Erebia tyndarus species complex. Using genomic data, we first determined whether gene flow occurs and then assessed whether it might be hampered by differences in chromosome number between some species. We found interspecific gene flow between sibling species that differ in karyotype by one chromosome. Conversely, only F1 hybrids occurred between two species that have the same karyotype, forming a steep genomic cline. In a second step, we fitted clines to phenotypic, ecological and parasitic data to identify the factors associated with the genetic cline. We found clines for phenotypic data and the prevalence of the endosymbiont parasite Wolbachia to overlap with the genetic cline, suggesting that they might be drivers for separating the two species. Overall, our results highlight that some gene flow is possible between closely related species despite different chromosome numbers, but that other barriers restrict such gene flow.
Cardboard nesting cavities may promote the development of Osmia cornuta and reduce infestation of kleptoparasitic mites
Authors: Eeraerts Maxime 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMason bees (Osmia spp.) are receiving increasing attention as they are very effective pollinators of multiple crops. However, different bee‐associated kleptoparasites are known which can be detrimental to the development of the bees’ offspring. To date, clear evidence‐based guidelines to control these kleptoparasites are lacking for growers. This study investigates whether different types of artificial nesting materials—cardboard tubes and wooden grooved boards—influence the development of the European orchard bee (Osmia cornuta) as well as the infestation rate of kleptoparasitic mites in the bees’ nest. This preliminary study provides insight that cardboard tubes reduce the infestation rate of mites by 81.8% and as such promote successful development of the European orchard bee by 15.5%. Using cardboard tubes over wooden grooved boards should be advised to growers as an effective management strategy to avoid infestation of kleptoparasitic mites and to enhance successful bee development.
The Enabling, Enacting, and Elaborating Factors of Safety Culture Associated With Patient Safety: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Lee Seung Eun , Dahinten V. Susan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeWorldwide, 1 in 10 hospital patients is harmed while receiving care. Despite evidence that a culture of safety is associated with greater patient safety, these effects and the processes by which safety culture impacts patient safety are not yet clearly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of various safety culture factors on nurses’ perceptions of patient safety using an innovative theoretical model.DesignThis descriptive, correlational study drew on deidentified, publicly available data from the 2018 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. The study sample included 34,514 nurses who provided direct care to patients in medical and surgical units in 535 hospitals in the United States.MethodsMultilevel linear regression was used to examine the effects of 11 safety culture factors on nurses’ overall perceptions of patient safety. The 11 safety culture factors were grouped as enabling, enacting, and elaborating processes, and entered in separate blocks.FindingsAll 11 safety culture factors were associated with nurse‐perceived patient safety, and all but two of the 11 factors uniquely predicted nurse‐perceived patient safety. Staffing adequacy was the strongest predictor of nurse‐perceived patient safety, followed by hospital management support for patient safety (both enabling processes), and continuous organizational learning and improvement (an elaborating process).ConclusionsHospital administrators and managers play a key role in promoting a safety culture and patient safety in healthcare organizations through enabling and elaborating processes.Clinical RelevanceOrganizational efforts should be made to provide sufficient staffing and hospital‐wide support for patient safety. However, all staff, administrators, and managers have a role to play in patient safety.
Phylotranscriptomics reveals extensive gene duplication in the subtribe Gentianinae (Gentianaceae)
Authors: Chen Chun‐Lin , Zhang Lei , Li Jia‐Liang , Mao Xing‐Xing , Zhang Lu‐Shui , Hu Quan‐Jun , Liu Jian‐Quan , Xi Zhen‐Xiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGene duplication plays an important role in plants for diversification and adaptation to new habitats. In this study, we aim to reconstruct the genome‐scale phylogeny and identify large‐scale gene duplication events for the subtribe Gentianinae (Gentianaceae), which is a great symbol of the alpine plants in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. We sequenced and assembled 70 transcriptomes from 67 species, representing all six recognized genera in the subtribe Gentianinae plus the closely related outgroups. Using phylogenomic approaches, the backbone relationships of Gentianinae were almost fully resolved with high bootstrap support. Although instances of conflicts were observed between nuclear and plastid phylogenies, six major clades of Gentianinae were consistently recovered in both phylogenies. In addition, we revealed a high occurrence of duplicated genes in our transcriptome assemblies. Using several gene tree reconciliation methods, we collectively identified 10 nodes in the species tree with large concentrations of duplicated genes. Further analysis indicated that many of these duplicated genes likely arose from hybrid polyploidy, which might also account for some of the topological incongruences between nuclear and plastid phylogenies in Gentianinae.
Diverse epiphyllous fungi on Cunninghamia leaves from the Oligocene of South China and their paleoecological and paleoclimatic implications
Authors: Maslova Natalia P. , Sokolova Aleksandra B. , Kodrul Тatiana M. , Tobias Anna V. , Bazhenova Natalia V. , Wu Xin‐Kai , Jin Jian‐Hua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe unique co‐occurrence of thyriothecia belonging to three fossil genera of epiphyllous fungi, Stomiopeltites Alvin & Muir (Micropeltidaceae), Callimothallus Dilcher, and Trichothyrites Rosendahl (Microthyriaceae), are reported on the leaves of the same host plant, Cunninghamia shangcunica Kodrul, Gordenko & Sokolova from the Oligocene Shangcun Formation of the Maoming Basin, South China. In China, Stomiopeltites is identified for the first time, Callimothallus is known from the Oligocene and Miocene of Guangxi and Zhejiang provinces, and Trichothyrites previously has been found only in the Eocene palynological assemblages of the Maoming Basin. The presence of abundant and diverse epiphyllous micromycetes, together with the taxonomic composition of the Shangcun megaflora and pollen assemblage, as well as quantitative climatic estimates obtained using Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program, confirm the existence of a warm and humid climate in this region during the late early Oligocene. The geographic and stratigraphic distributions, comparisons with extant analogues, as well as ecological and paleoclimatic implications of the fossil fungi are discussed.
Prevalence and characterization of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs with signs of chronic gastrointestinal disease: A multicenter study
Authors: Hauck Christina , Schmitz Silke S. , Burgener Iwan A. , Wehner Astrid , Neiger Reto , Kohn Barbara , Rieker Thomas , Reese Sven , Unterer Stefan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDogs with hypoadrenocorticism (HA) frequently show signs of gastrointestinal disease (SGD). The prevalence of dogs presented for chronic SGD with HA is unknown.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of HA in dogs with chronic SGD and to identify clinical and laboratory variables for HA in this population.AnimalsOne hundred fifty‐one dogs with chronic SGD.MethodsIn this multicentered prevalence study a standardized workup was performed in prospectively enrolled dogs with SGD > 3 weeks duration. Basal serum cortisol concentration was measured in every dog with ACTH stimulation test (ACTHST) if basal serum cortisol concentration was <3 μg/dL.ResultsBasal serum cortisol concentration was <3 μg/dL in 80/151 (53%) dogs, <2 μg/dL in 42/151 (28%) dogs, and < 1 μg/dL in 9/151 (6%) dogs. In 6/151 dogs HA was diagnosed based on ACTHST (stimulated serum cortisol concentration < 2 μg/dL), a prevalence of 4%. There was no difference in history, physical examination, and laboratory variables between dogs with HA and those with other causes of chronic SGD. In 4/6 dogs with HA, there was melena or hematochezia indicating gastrointestinal blood loss. Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, or both was not observed in any dog.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe prevalence of HA among dogs with chronic SGD is higher than in the general population. Based on these results, testing adrenal function should be performed as a standard screening test in dogs with chronic SGD to differentiate between HA and chronic enteropathies.
Mountain railway alignment optimization considering geological impacts: A cost‐hazard bi‐objective model
Authors: Song Taoran , Pu Hao , Schonfeld Paul , Zhang Hong , Li Wei , Hu Jianping , Wang Jie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRailways are greatly threatened by geological hazards whose disastrous effects include severe economic losses as well as serious casualties. It is vital to properly account for such geological hazardous impacts during a railway alignment optimization process. However, geological factors are complex, especially in mountainous regions. Besides, economic factors are also crucial in railway alignment design. Therefore, railway alignment optimization can be termed as a cost‐hazard bi‐objective decision‐making process. So far, least‐cost railway alignment optimization has been studied quite thoroughly while the complicated geological hazard factors have received relatively little attention. In this study, a bi‐objective alignment optimization model considering cost and geological hazard is developed. A novel geological railway alignment optimization model is proposed, which includes spatial geological constraints and geological hazard evaluations, after geological railway alignment design criteria are presented and analyzed for three kinds of typical geological hazards: debris flows, landslides, and rockfalls. The geological hazard evaluation includes geological susceptibility and vulnerability assessments. Then, this model is integrated with a previous least‐cost alignment optimization model to construct a cost‐hazard bi‐objective model. The alignment searching processes are also improved to solve the proposed model by integrating geological‐constraints‐handling and bi‐objective alignment optimization approaches. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by applying it to a complicated real‐world case. The results show that the proposed method can produce less expensive and safer solutions than the best alignment designed by experienced human designers while satisfying all required design standards. Moreover, the method's applicability for solving actual problems is further demonstrated through the sensitivity analysis.
Rheumatoid meningitis with yellowish‐white matter on the brain surface
Authors: Tsunogae Marie , Fujiwara Satoru , Shigeyasu Masashi , Sasaki Natsuhi , Shimizu Yuri , Hara Shigeo , Kohara Nobuo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA 68‐year‐old man presented with a 3‐month history of progressive cognitive impairment. His brain magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple hyperintense lesions in the subarachnoid space, which suggested leptomeningitis. A brain biopsy was performed, and we found a yellowish‐white matter spread on his brain surface. Although the pathological evaluation did not lead to the diagnosis, steroid therapy improved his symptoms in five weeks. However, concomitantly with steroid tapering, his cognitive dysfunction relapsed and he developed swelling of finger joints consistent with rheumatoid arthritis, and then, we finally diagnosed him with rheumatoid meningitis. The characteristic yellowish‐white matter on the brain surface might be helpful for investigating the cause of leptomeningitis with unknown etiology.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in CD40 ligand deficiency: A single‐center experience
Authors: Uygun Dilara Fatma Kocacık , Uygun Vedat , Karasu Gülsün Tezcan , Daloğlu Hayriye , Öztürkmen Seda Irmak , Çelmeli Fatih , Törün Selda Hançerli , Özen Ahmet , Barış Safa , Aydıner Elif Karakoç , Yalçın Koray , Kılıç Suar Çakı , Hazar Volkan , Bingöl Ayşen , Yeşilipek Akif 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDeficiency of the CD40L, expressed on the surface of T lymphocytes, is caused by mutations in the glycoprotein CD40L (CD154) gene. Resulting defective humoral and cellular responses cause a clinical presentation that includes recurrent sinopulmonary bacterial infections, opportunistic infections, sclerosing cholangitis, neutropenia, and autoimmune manifestations. HSCT represents the only curative treatment modality. However, the therapeutic decision to use HSCT proves challenging in many cases, mainly due to the lack of a phenotype‐genotype correlation. We retrospectively reviewed patients with CD40L deficiency who were transplanted in Antalya and Göztepe MedicalPark Pediatric HSCT units from 2014 to 2019 and followed by Akdeniz University School of Medicine Department of Pediatric Immunology. The records of eight male cases, including one set of twins, were evaluated retrospectively. As two transplants each were performed on the twins, a total of ten transplants were evaluated. Conditioning regimens were predominantly based on myeloablative protocols, except for the twins, who received a non‐myeloablative regimen for their first transplantation. Median neutrophil and platelet engraftment days were 13 (range 10‐19) and 14 (range 10‐42) days, respectively. In seven of ten transplants, a CMV reactivation was developed without morbidity. None of the patients developed GVHD, except for one mild case of acute GVHD. All patients survived, and the median follow‐up was 852 days. Our data show that HSCT for patients with CD40 ligand deficiency is a potentially effective treatment for long‐term disease control.