bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Strategies of Carbon Nanobelts and Related Belt‐Shaped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Cheung Kwan Yin , Segawa Yasutomo , Itami Kenichiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of carbon nanobelts and related belt‐shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has gained momentum in recent years. This Minireview focuses on the synthetic strategies used in constructing these aesthetically appealing molecular nanocarbons. Examples of carbon nanobelts and related belt‐shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reported in recent years as well as some representative synthetic attempts in earlier times are discussed.
A New Phenolate‐Ion‐Type Two‐Photon Near Infrared Fluorophore‐Based Biosensor for High‐Performance Detection of HNO
Authors: He Moyun , Li Chenghui , Pang Zhenguo , Chen Kuan , Tan Yanfei , Huang Yan , Lu Zhiyun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough (E)‐4‐(2‐(4‐(dicyanomethylene)‐4H‐chromen‐2‐yl)vinyl)phenolate anion (DCPO−) has recently emerged as a potential near infrared (NIR) biosensor signaling unit, the pKa value of its conjugate acid is relatively high (∼9); this will lead to relatively low concentrations of DCPO− under physiological conditions and, hence, unsatisfactory sensitivity of DCPO−‐based bio‐probes. By difluoro‐substitution on DCPO−, we have exploited a new fluorophore of o‐FDCPO− whose conjugate acid has a much lower pKa value of 7.42. Meanwhile, o‐FDCPO− is NIR emissive with λem=693 nm and has a 0.76‐fold higher fluorescence efficiency than DCPO−. The significant superiority of o‐FDCPO− over DCPO− in sensitivity for NIR biosensor applications was confirmed by comparative studies on two HNO probes, namely o‐FDCPO‐P and DCPO‐P, which bear signaling units of o‐FDCPO− and DCPO−, respectively. Moreover, o‐FDCPO‐P has been demonstrated to be a high‐performance HNO probe with high selectivity, high sensitivity (detection limit: 50 nm), and a rapid response, together with a two‐photon NIR‐excitation imaging capability.
Four cypermethrin isomers induced stereoselective metabolism in H295R cells
Authors: Ji Chenyang , Yu Chang , Zhu Jianqiang , Cheng Yafei , Tian Tian , Zhou Bingqi , Gu Jinping , Fan Jun , Zhao Meirong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCypermethrin (CP) is widely used for controlling agricultural and indoor vermin. Previous studies have reported the stereoselective difference of CP in biological activities. However, little is known about their potential mechanisms between metabolic phenotypes and endocrine‐disrupting effects. Herein, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics combining metabolite identification and pathway analysis were applied to evaluate the stereoselective metabolic cdisorders induced by CP isomers in human adrenocortical carcinoma cells (H295R) culture medium. Then, gene expression levels related to disturbed metabolic pathways were assessed to verify according to metabolic phenotypes. Metabolomics profiles showed that [(S)‐cyano(3‐phenoxyphenyl)methyl](1R,3R)‐3‐(2,2‐dichloroethenyl)‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate [(1R,3R,αS)‐CP] induced the most significant changes in metabolic phenotypes than did the other stereoisomers. There are 10 differential metabolites (isoleucine, valine, leucine, ethanol, alanine, acetate, aspartate, arginine, lactate, and glucose) as well as two significantly disturbed pathways, including “pyruvate metabolism” and “alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism,” that were confirmed in H295R cells culture medium of (1R,3R,αS)‐CP compared with other stereoisomers. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array also confirmed the results of metabolomics. Our results can help to understand the potential mechanisms between the isomer selectivity in metabolic phenotypes and endocrine‐disrupting effects. Data provided here not only lend authenticity to the cautions issued by the scientists and researchers but also offer a solution for the balance between environment and political regulations.
Outcomes of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in 107 patients with cancer from Wuhan, China
Authors: Zhang Hongyan , Wang Linwei , Chen Yuanyuan , Wu Qiuji , Chen Gaili , Shen Xiaokun , Wang Qun , Yan Youqin , Yu Yi , Zhong Yahua , Wang Xinghuan , Chua Melvin L. K. , Xie Conghua 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundPatients with cancer have a higher risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) than noncancer patients. The authors conducted a multicenter retrospective study to investigate the clinical manifestations and outcomes of patients with cancer who are diagnosed with COVID‐19.MethodsThe authors reviewed the medical records of hospitalized patients who were treated at 5 hospitals in Wuhan City, China, between January 5 and March 18, 2020. Clinical parameters relating to cancer history (type and treatment) and COVID‐19 were collected. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary analyses were the association between clinical factors and severe COVID‐19 and OS.ResultsA total of 107 patients with cancer were diagnosed with COVID‐19, with a median age of 66 years (range, 37‐98 years). Lung (21 patients; 19.6%), gastrointestinal (20 patients; 18.7%), and genitourinary (20 patients; 18.7%) cancers were the most common cancer diagnoses. A total of 37 patients (34.6%) were receiving active anticancer treatment when diagnosed with COVID‐19, whereas 70 patients (65.4%) were on follow‐up. Overall, 52.3% of patients (56 patients) developed severe COVID‐19; this rate was found to be higher among patients receiving anticancer treatment than those on follow‐up (64.9% vs 45.7%), which corresponded to an inferior OS in the former subgroup of patients (hazard ratio, 3.365; 95% CI, 1.455‐7.782 [P = .005]). The detrimental effect of anticancer treatment on OS was found to be independent of exposure to systemic therapy (case fatality rate of 33.3% [systemic therapy] vs 43.8% [nonsystemic therapy]).ConclusionsThe results of the current study demonstrated that >50.0% of infected patients with cancer are susceptible to severe COVID‐19. This risk is aggravated by simultaneous anticancer treatment and portends for a worse survival, despite treatment for COVID‐19.
Interobserver variability between cytopathologists and cytotechnologists upon application and characterization of the indeterminate category in the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology
Authors: Viswanathan Kartik , Patel Ami , Abdelsayed Mary , Rosado Lucelina , Soong Lauren , Margolskee Elizabeth , Heymann Jonas J. , Goyal Abha , Rao Rema A. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThe indeterminate categories in the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) are diagnostically challenging because of inherent heterogeneity and complexity, with wide interobserver variability (IOV). Herein, the authors explore the concordance rate (CR) between cytopathologists (CPs) and cytotechnologists (CTs) in interpreting indeterminate salivary gland lesions using the MSRSGC.MethodsBetween 2011 and 2016, 86 indeterminate fine‐needle aspirations had slides available for review, of which 48 had follow‐up. Four CPs and 2 CTs performed an independent, blinded review of these slides and categorized them according to the MSRSGC. The CRs between CTs and CPs with the final sign‐out cytopathologist (FCP) were assessed, and interobserver agreement was categorized into uniform, majority, divided, minimal, or no agreement.ResultsThe overall CR with the FCP ranged from 48.8% to 60.5% for CPs and from 22.1% to 36% for CTs. IOV κ scores for the entire group were 0.314 and, with the FCP as the reference, ranged from 0.403 to 0.539 for CPs and from 0.091 to 0.254 for CTs. Uniform, majority, divided, minimal, and no agreement was noted in 12.8%, 31.4%, 38.4%, 10.5%, and 6.9%, respectively, of all cases and in 16.7%, 35.4%, 31.3%, 8.3%, and 6.3%, respectively, of the cases with follow‐up. Diagnostic challenges included distinguishing lymphoma from a reactive process and distinguishing mucin from mucin‐like material.ConclusionsCPs had modestly higher CRs compared with CTs; and, although the variable CRs highlight indeterminate IOV, the MSRSGC enables reproducibility. Characterizing larger cohorts in the indeterminate categories will further improve MSRSGC criteria. Moreover, education on the MSRSGC should include CTs and CPs to improve overall diagnostic accuracy.
Optical Properties of Various Strontium Bismuthates: Luminescence and UV‐induced Photocoloration
Authors: Shtarev Dmitry S. , Shtareva Anna V. , Selivanov Nikita I. , Ryabchuk Vladimir K. , Rudakova Aida V. , Serpone Nick 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe low‐temperature photoluminescence (T<300 K) and UV‐induced formation of color centers of recently synthesized Sr2Bi2O5, Sr3Bi2O6 and Sr6Bi2O11 bismuthates are examined. The estimated Mott‐Seitz activation energies, ranging from 88 to 167 meV, correspond to various emission bands. Comparison of the response of all three bismuthates when exposed to UV‐illumination indicates that photoluminescence and formation of color centers are two processes that compete with photocatalytic activity. The most photoactive Sr6Bi2O11 bismuthate exhibits neither luminescence nor the ability toward photocoloration. By contrast, Sr2Bi2O5, which exhibits no photocatalytic activity, displays an intense photoluminescence; UV irradiation causes significant changes of its color. The bismuthate Sr3Bi2O6 occupies an intermediate position as it exhibits some photocatalytic activity, as well as the ability to photoluminesce and to undergo photocoloration. Simple models are described to systematize the experimental results, which place these bismuthates into a new class of photoactive materials.
Wireless information and power transfer using single and multiple path relays
Authors: Sharma Sandeep , Kumar Rahul , Singh Abhilash , Singh Jitendra 
Published: June 2020

SummaryA relay‐based wireless communication model can relay information along with the power bidirectionally using the amplify‐and‐forward scheme. This paper studies such model extensively. Three information and power relaying protocols, that is, time‐based switching relaying, power‐based splitting relaying, and hybrid time switching‐based and power splitting‐based relaying (HTPSR) are used to carry forward bidirectional information and power transfer. First, a solo relay model is studied, for which, we derived a throughput expression for end‐to‐end information transfer, and this is done for all the three relaying protocols. The paper indicates that the system throughput depends upon the time switching and the power splitting ratio.Further, to make the system more reliable and robust, multiple relays are used in the path. Various relay selection schemes are used for path selection in each transmission, thereby yielding different throughput performances. The results show that an optimal throughput is obtained for a given relay location at an optimal set of values of splitting and switching ratio. Moreover, the HTPSR outperforms both the power splitting and time switching protocol in system throughput performance for a single as well as a multiple‐relay model. Whereas, in relay selection schemes, the best SNR selection scheme outperforms in all the schemes used. The simulated results confirm that the system throughput is an active function of relay placement.
Early and current life adversity: Past and present influences on maternal diurnal cortisol rhythms during pregnancy
Authors: Stephens Jacquelyn E. , Kessler Courtenay L. , Buss Claudia , Miller Gregory E. , Grobman William A. , Keenan‐Devlin Lauren , Borders Ann E. , Adam Emma K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStress during pregnancy affects maternal health and well‐being, as well as the health and well‐being of the next generation, in part through the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis. Although most studies have focused solely on proximal experiences (i.e., during the pregnancy) as sources of prenatal stress, there has been a recent surge in studies that examine maternal early life adversity as a source of stress system dysregulation during pregnancy. The current study of 178 pregnant women examined the association of economic and life stress experienced during two time periods (i.e., childhood and pregnancy) with maternal HPA axis activity during the third trimester of pregnancy. Findings indicated that a current annual income of less than $15,000 and greater childhood disadvantage were associated with a flatter diurnal cortisol slope. Childhood maltreatment, particularly sexual abuse, was associated with a higher cortisol awakening response (CAR), even when controlling for recent adversity. We found some evidence that past adversity moderates the relationship between current adversity and diurnal cortisol, specifically for economic adversity and waking cortisol. Overall, our findings indicate that early life stressors play an important and underappreciated role in shaping stress biology during pregnancy.
Invasive mammalian predators habituate to and generalize avian prey cues: a mechanism for conserving native prey
Authors: Price Catherine J. , Banks Peter B. , Brown Samantha , Latham M. Cecilia , Latham A. David M. , Pech Roger P. , Norbury Grant L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInvasive mammalian predators can cause the decline and extinction of vulnerable native species. Many invasive mammalian predators are dietary generalists that hunt a variety of prey. These predators often rely upon olfaction when foraging, particularly at night. Little is understood about how prey odor cues are used to inform foraging decisions. Prey cues can vary spatially and temporally in their association with prey and can either reveal the location of prey or lead to unsuccessful foraging. Here we examine how two wild‐caught invasive mammalian bird predator species (European hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus and ferrets Mustela putorius furo) respond to unrewarded bird odors over successive exposures, first demonstrating that the odors are perceptually different using house mice (Mus musculus) as a biological olfactometer. We aim to test if introduced predators categorize odor cues of similar prey together, a tactic that could increase foraging efficiency. We exposed house mice to the odors using a standard habituation/dishabituation test in a laboratory setting, and wild‐caught European hedgehogs and ferrets in an outdoor enclosure using a similar procedure. Mice discriminated among all bird odors presented, showing more interest in chicken odor than quail or gull odor. Both predator species showed a decline in interest toward unrewarded prey odor (i.e., habituation), but only ferrets generalized their response from one unrewarded bird odor to another bird odor. Hedgehog responses to unrewarded bird odors were highly variable between individuals. Taken together, our results reveal interspecific and intraspecific differences in response to prey odors, which we argue are a consequence of different diet breadth, life and evolutionary histories, and the conditions in each experiment. Generalization of prey odors may have enabled some species of invasive predators to efficiently hunt a range of intraguild prey species, for example, ground‐nesting shorebirds. Olfactory manipulation of predators may be a useful conservation tool for threatened prey if it reduces the conspicuousness of vulnerable prey.
Feeding preferences and nutritional niche of wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Tej Kumar , Hecker Lee J. , Aryal Achyut , Coogan Sean C. P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe nutritional characteristics of food resources play an important role in the foraging behavior of animals and can provide information valuable to their conservation and management. We examined the nutritional ecology of wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee; hereafter “buffalo”) in the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve of Nepal during autumn using a multidimensional nutritional niche framework. We identified 54 plant species as being foraged by buffalo. We found that buffalo consumed graminoids and forbs 2–3 times more frequently than browse items. Proximate analyses of the 16 most frequently foraged plants indicated that buffalo diets were highest in carbohydrate (40.41% ± 1.82%) followed by crude protein (10.52% ± 0.93%) and crude fat (1.68% ± 0.23%). The estimated macronutrient balance (i.e., realized nutrient niche) of the buffalo diet (20.5% protein: 72.8% carbohydrate: 6.7% lipid) was not significantly different than the average balance of all analyzed food items based on 95% confidence regions. Our study suggests that buffalo are likely macronutrient specialists, yet may be generalists in the sense that they feed on a wide range of food items to achieve a nutrient balance similar to that available in forage items. However, the four most frequently consumed items tended to be higher in protein energy than less frequently consumed foods, suggesting some preference for higher protein forage relative to relatively abundant carbohydrates. Although limited in scope, our study provides important information on the nutritional ecology of buffalo, which may be useful for the conservation and management of this endangered species.
Advancing biodiversity assessments with environmental DNA: Long‐read technologies help reveal the drivers of Amazonian fungal diversity
Authors: Ritter Camila D. , Dunthorn Micah , Anslan Sten , de Lima Vitor Xavier , Tedersoo Leho , Nilsson Rolf Henrik , Antonelli Alexandre 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFungi are a key component of tropical biodiversity. However, due to their inconspicuous and largely subterranean nature, they are usually neglected in biodiversity inventories. The goal of this study was to identify the key determinants of fungal richness, community composition, and turnover in tropical rainforests. We tested specifically for the effect of soil properties, habitat, and locality in Amazonia. For these analyses, we used high‐throughput sequencing data of short and long reads of fungal DNA present in soil and organic litter samples, combining existing and novel genomic data. Habitat type (phytophysiognomy) emerges as the strongest factor explaining fungal community composition. Naturally open areas—campinas—are the richest habitat overall. Soil properties have different effects depending on the soil layer (litter or mineral soil) and the choice of genetic marker. We suggest that campinas could be a neglected hotspot of fungal diversity. An underlying cause for their rich diversity may be the overall low soil fertility, which increases the reliance on biotic interactions essential for nutrient absorption in these environments, notably ectomycorrhizal fungi–plant associations. Our results highlight the advantages of using both short and long DNA reads produced through high‐throughput sequencing to characterize fungal diversity. While short reads can suffice for diversity and community comparison, long reads add taxonomic precision and have the potential to reveal population diversity.
Being tolerated and being discriminated against: Links to psychological well‐being through threatened social identity needs
Authors: Bagci Sabahat Cigdem , Verkuyten Maykel , Koc Yasin , Turnuklu Abbas , Piyale Zeynep Ecem , Bekmezci Eyup 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe investigated whether and how the experience of being tolerated and of being discriminated against are associated with psychological well‐being in three correlational studies among three stigmatized groups in Turkey (LGBTI group members, people with disabilities, and ethnic Kurds, total N = 862). Perceived threat to social identity needs (esteem, meaning, belonging, efficacy, and continuity) was examined as a mediator in these associations. Structural equation models showed evidence for the detrimental role of both toleration and discrimination experiences on positive and negative psychological well‐being through higher levels of threatened social identity needs. A mini‐meta analysis showed small to moderate effect sizes and toleration was associated with lower positive well‐being through threatened needs among all three stigmatized groups.
Human blood PIG‐A mutation and micronucleated reticulocyte flow cytometric assays: Method optimization and evaluation of intra‐ and inter‐subject variation
Authors: Torous Dorothea K. , Avlasevich Svetlana L. , Khattab Mona G. , Baig Ayesha , Saubermann Lawrence J. , Chen Yuhchyau , Bemis Jeffrey C. , Lovell David P. , Walker Vernon E. , MacGregor James T. , Dertinger Stephen D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe previously described flow cytometry‐based methods for scoring the incidence of micronucleated reticulocytes (MN‐RET) and PIG‐A mutant phenotype reticulocytes (MUT RET) in rodent and human blood samples. The current report describes important methodological improvements for human blood analyses, including immunomagnetic enrichment of CD71‐positive reticulocytes prior to MN‐RET scoring, and procedures for storing frozen blood for later PIG‐A analysis. Technical replicate variability in MN‐RET and MUT RET frequencies based on blood specimens from 14 subjects, intra‐subject variability based on serial blood draws from 6 subjects, and inter‐subject variation based on up to 344 subjects age 0 to 73 years were quantified. Inter‐subject variation explained most of the variability observed for both endpoints (≥77%), with much lower intra‐subject and technical replicate variability. The relatively large degree of inter‐subject variation is apparent from mean and standard deviation values for MN‐RET (0.15 ± 0.10%) and MUT RET (4.7 ± 5.0 per million, after omission of two extreme outliers). The influences of age and sex on inter‐subject variation were investigated, and neither factor affected MN‐RET whereas both influenced MUT RET frequency. The lowest MUT RET values were observed for subjects <11 years old, and males had moderately higher frequencies than females. These results indicate that MN‐RET and MUT RET are automation‐compatible biomarkers of genotoxicity that bridge species of toxicological interest to include human populations. These data will be useful for appropriately designing future human studies that include these biomarkers of genotoxicity, and highlight the need for additional work aimed at identifying the sources of inter‐individual variability reported herein.
A joint Bayesian space–time model to integrate spatially misaligned air pollution data in R‐INLA
Authors: Forlani C. , Bhatt S. , Cameletti M. , Krainski E. , Blangiardo M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn air pollution studies, dispersion models provide estimates of concentration at grid level covering the entire spatial domain and are then calibrated against measurements from monitoring stations. However, these different data sources are misaligned in space and time. If misalignment is not considered, it can bias the predictions. We aim at demonstrating how the combination of multiple data sources, such as dispersion model outputs, ground observations, and covariates, leads to more accurate predictions of air pollution at grid level. We consider nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration in Greater London and surroundings for the years 2007–2011 and combine two different dispersion models. Different sets of spatial and temporal effects are included in order to obtain the best predictive capability. Our proposed model is framed in between calibration and Bayesian melding techniques for data fusion. Unlike other examples, we jointly model the response (concentration level at monitoring stations) and the dispersion model outputs on different scales, accounting for the different sources of uncertainty. Our spatiotemporal model allows us to reconstruct the latent fields of each model component, and to predict daily pollution concentrations. We compare the predictive capability of our proposed model with other established methods to account for misalignment (e.g., bilinear interpolation), showing that in our case study the joint model is a better alternative.