bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with impaired insulin secretion and fasting glucose in non‐obese non‐diabetic men
Authors: Miyagi Sakae , Takamura Toshinari , Nguyen Thao Thi Thu , Tsujiguchi Hiromasa , Hara Akinori , Nakamura Haruki , Suzuki Keita , Tajima Atsushi , Kannon Takayuki , Toyama Tadashi , Kambayashi Yasuhiro , Nakamura Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionA low insulin secretion capacity has been implicated in the high prevalence of non‐obese diabetes in East Asians. As alcohol consumption alters insulin and glucose metabolism, we tested the hypothesis that alcohol consumption contributes to impaired insulin secretion and glucose intolerance in lean/normal‐weight non‐diabetic Japanese men.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was undertaken among the residents of Shika town, Japan, between 2011 and 2017. A total of 402 non‐diabetic men, including participants with normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and impaired FPG (FPG 5.6–6.9 mmol/L), and aged ≥40 years, were examined. FPG, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin secretion capacity (HOMA‐B) and alcohol consumption were evaluated and compared between the body mass index (BMI) <25 and BMI ≥25 groups.ResultsHOMA‐B levels were lower in the BMI <25 group than in the BMI ≥25 group. Alcohol consumption correlated with a low HOMA‐B level regardless of BMI, and, thus, the HOMA‐B levels of alcohol drinkers were significantly lower in the BMI <25 group. A multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that alcohol consumption, even light‐to‐moderate consumption (1–25 g/day), was associated with significantly low levels of HOMA‐B and impaired FPG in the BMI <25 group. Among participants with impaired FPG, a low level of HOMA‐B was observed in alcohol drinkers, but not in non‐drinkers. In contrast, light‐to‐moderate alcohol consumption was not related to HOMA‐B or FPG in the BMI ≥25‐group.ConclusionAlcohol consumption, even a small amount, might contribute to reductions in HOMA‐B levels and impaired FPG in lean/normal‐weight Japanese men.
Thresholds for postprandial hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia associated with increased mortality risk in type 2 diabetes patients: A real‐world longitudinal study
Authors: Takao Toshiko , Suka Machi , Yanagisawa Hiroyuki , Kasuga Masato 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo identify thresholds for postprandial hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia predictive of all‐cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsA total of 1,928 patients with type 2 diabetes visited our clinic for the first time from 1995 to 1999 and were followed up for ≥1 year. During the first year, 2‐h post‐breakfast blood glucose (2h‐BG) levels were measured in 1,122 patients (BG cohort) and postprandial serum triglyceride (ppTG) levels were measured in 1,826 patients (TG cohort). Patients were retrospectively followed until 2017 and administered questionnaires. Associations between 2h‐BG and ppTG levels and mortality risk were assessed by the multivariate Cox regression analysis.ResultsOver of 17,429 person‐years, 162 deaths occurred in the BG cohort, and over 28,026 person‐years, 253 deaths occurred in the TG cohort. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals for all‐cause mortality per 1‐standard deviation increases in 2h‐BG and ppTG were 1.34 (1.08–1.67) and 1.24 (1.06–1.45), respectively. HRs showed increasing trends across quintiles of 2h‐BG (P = 0.034) and ppTG (P = 0.007). The HR was significantly elevated (2.37, 1.26–4.47) in the fifth quintile of 2h‐BG (≥13.8 mmol/L) compared with the first quintile (<7.0 mmol/L; P = 0.008). The HR was also significantly elevated (1.63, 1.03–2.60) in the fifth quintile of ppTG (≥2.30 mmol/L) compared with the first quintile (<0.91 mmol/L; P = 0.038).ConclusionsPostprandial hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia were associated with all‐cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. We propose thresholds of 13.8 mmol/L 2h‐BG and 2.30 mmol/L ppTG to identify patients at increased risk of mortality.
Evolution of chemotactic hitchhiking
Authors: Uppal Gurdip , Hu Weiyi , Vural Dervis Can 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBacteria typically reside in heterogeneous environments with various chemogradients where motile cells can gain an advantage over nonmotile cells. Since motility is energetically costly, cells must optimize their swimming speed and behaviour to maximize their fitness. Here, we investigate how cheating strategies might evolve where slow or nonmotile microbes exploit faster ones by sticking together and hitching a ride. Starting with physical and biological first principles, we computationally study the effects of sticking on the evolution of motility in a controlled chemostat environment. We find that stickiness allows for slow cheaters to dominate when chemoattractants are dispersed at intermediate distances. In this case, slow microbes exploit faster ones until they consume the population, leading to a tragedy of commons. For long races, slow microbes do gain an initial advantage from sticking, but eventually fall behind. Here, fast microbes are more likely to stick to other fast microbes and co‐operate to increase their own population. We therefore conclude that whether the nature of the hitchhiking interaction is parasitic or mutualistic, depends on the chemoattractant distribution.
The synonymy of Haplochromis pharyngalis and Haplochromis petronius (Cichlidae)
Authors: Vranken Nathan , Van Steenberge Maarten , Balagizi Akonkwa , Snoeks Jos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHaplochromis pharyngalis and Haplochromis petronius, two endemic cichlids from the Lake Edward system (Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo), are very similar in general morphology but have been reported to differ in pharyngeal jaw morphology and distribution. This study analysed 51 morphometrics and various qualitative characteristics of 48 specimens from different localities. The morphological traits of both species strongly overlap, and differences in the pharyngeal jaw morphology correspond to a geographic morphocline. We conclude that all specimens belong to one valid species, H. pharyngalis, and consider H. petronius to be a synonym.
Description of the egg cases and juvenile colouration in two catsharks of the genus Atelomycterus (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae)
Authors: O'Neill Helen L. , Avila Chris , White William T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDescriptions of egg cases and hatchlings of the Bali catshark Atelomycterus baliensis and the Australian marbled catshark Atelomycterus macleayi are provided. Comparisons are made with two of their congeners, banded sand catshark Atelomycterus fasciatus and coral catshark Atelomycterus marmoratus. The Atelomycterus egg cases have the same general morphology, i.e., elongate with anterior and posterior waists, a depressed and truncate anterior end sometimes with attachment fibres, a medially tapered posterior end with two horns sometimes terminating in short, tightly curled tendrils and four respiratory fissures (one at each left corner on opposing sides). Morphometric measurements taken of the egg cases of the four species differed significantly when subjected to multivariate analysis, with unique characters enabling distinction between them. The morphological characters that best distinguished the Atelomycterus species from each other were anterior border width, posterior waist width and posterior case width. Thus, egg case morphology could be used to distinguish the egg cases of the four Atelomycterus species examined, consistent with other studies on scyliorhinid and pentanchid egg cases. Colouration of A. baliensis and A. macleayi juveniles was similar to that of other Atelomycterus juveniles in being pale with a series of dark‐brown distinct dorsal saddles along the body, blotches and sometimes with a low number of small dark spots.
Species delimitation in a range‐restricted group of cascudinhos (Loricariidae: Epactionotus) supports morphological and genetic differentiation across coastal rivers of southern Brazil
Authors: Delapieve Maria Laura S. , Carvalho Tiago P. , Reis Roberto E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEpactionotus species are known for inhabiting the rocky‐bottom stretches of fast‐flowing rivers in a limited geographic area along the Atlantic coast of southern Brazil. These species are endemic to single coastal river drainages (two neighbouring drainages for Epactionotus bilineatus) isolated from each other by the coastal lacustrine environments or the Atlantic Ocean. E. bilineatus is from the Maquiné and Três Forquilhas River basins, both tributaries of the Tramandaí River system, whereas E. itaimbezinho is endemic to the Mampituba River drainage and Epactionotus gracilis to the Araranguá River drainage. Recent fieldwork in the Atlantic coastal drainages of southern Brazil revealed new populations in the Urussanga, Tubarão, d'Una and Biguaçu River drainages. Iterative species delimitation using molecular data (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and morphology (morphometrics and meristics) was applied to evaluate species recognition of isolated populations. With regard to new data, the genus was re‐diagnosed, the status of Epactionotus species/populations was re‐evaluated, formerly described species were supported and population structure was recognized. As for the newly discovered populations, both morphological and molecular data strongly support the population from the Biguaçu River drainage, in Santa Catarina State, as a new species. Molecular data revealed strong per‐basin population structure, which may be related to species habitat specificity and low or no dispersal among drainages.
Unravelling the taxonomy of an interstitial fish radiation: Three new species of Gouania (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from the Mediterranean Sea and redescriptions of G. willdenowi and G. pigra
Authors: Wagner Maximilian , Kovačić Marcelo , Koblmüller Stephan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe clingfish (Gobiesocidae) genus Gouania Nardo, 1833 is endemic to the Mediterranean Sea and inhabits, unlike any other vertebrate species in Europe, the harsh intertidal environment of gravel beaches. Following up on a previous phylogenetic study, we revise the diversity and taxonomy of this genus by analysing a comprehensive set of morphological (meristics, morphometrics, microcomputed tomography imaging), geographical and genetic (DNA‐barcoding) data. We provide descriptions of three new species, G. adriatica sp. nov., G. orientalis sp. nov. and G. hofrichteri sp. nov., as well as redescriptions of G. willdenowi (Risso, 1810) and G. pigra (Nardo, 1827) and assign neotypes for the latter two species. In addition to elucidating the complex taxonomic situation of Gouania, we discuss the potential of this enigmatic clingfish genus for further ecological, evolutionary and biodiversity studies that might unravel even more diversity in this unique Mediterranean fish radiation.
Morphological and biochemical approaches to assess the nutritional condition of the Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi larvae from two different nursery areas
Authors: Cohen Stefania , Díaz Alcira O. , Diaz Marina V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Argentine hake, Merluccius hubbsi, is one of the most important fishing species in the Argentine Sea due to its great abundance and high‐quality meat. The study of the nutritional condition is widely used to determine the physiological state of the fish larvae and to estimate their survival possibilities. The larval nutritional condition reflects the environmental conditions to which they have been exposed and represents a useful instrument to determine favourable nursery areas. It also provides tools for the comprehensive management of a population subjected to fishing exploitation. This study aimed to determine potential differences in the nutritional condition of M. hubbsi larvae from the two fishing stocks (Northern and Southern) of the species. The authors assessed the nutritional condition of larvae captured during the 2012 main reproductive peak in the nursery areas of each population. Two different methodologies were applied: a morphometrical approach, by recording five morphometric variables, and a biochemical technique, employing the RNA/DNA index (RDs) and its derived index of growth performance. The morphometrical indexes did not show differences in the larval condition between both stocks. Nonetheless, the RDs index did detect differences in the nutritional condition of larvae from different stocks. The RDs index of larvae in pre‐flexion and flexion stages showed significant differences between stocks, indicating that these stages are more susceptible to starvation. The results suggest that the biochemical indexes prove to be more sensitive than the morphometric indexes to detect slight differences in hake larvae nutritional condition. The scope and limitations of these techniques for the analysis of the nutritional condition of larvae are discussed.
Role of major histocompatibility complex II antigen‐presentation pathway genes in orange‐spotted grouper infected with Cryptocaryon irritans
Authors: Deng Jun‐Jin , Xu Shun , Li Yan‐Wei , Xu Dong‐Dong , Mo Ze‐Quan , Li Jia‐Zhou , Dan Xue‐Ming , Luo Xiao‐Chun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCryptocaryon irritans, a pathogen model for fish mucosal immunity, causes skin mucosal and systematic humoral immune response. Where and how MHC II antigen presentation occurs in fish infected with C. irritans remain unknown. In this study, the full‐length cDNA of the grouper cysteine protease CTSS was cloned. The expression distributions of six genes (CTSB, CTSL, CTSS, GILT, MHC IIA and MHC IIB) involved in MHC II antigen presentation pathway were tested. These genes were highly expressed in systematic immune tissues and skin and gill mucosal‐associated immune tissues. All six genes were upregulated in skin at most time points. Five genes expected CTSS was upregulated in spleen at most time points. CTSB, CTSL and MHC IIA were upregulated in the gill and head kidney at some time points. These results indicate that the presentation of MHC II antigen intensively occurred in local infected skin and gill. Spleen, not head kidney, had the most extensive systematic antigen presentation. In skin, six genes most likely peaked at day 2, earlier than in spleen (5–7 days), marking an earlier skin antibody peak than any recorded in serum previously. This significant and earlier mucosal antigen presentation indicates that specific immune response occurs in local mucosal tissues.
Application of modified packaging and nano ZnO for extending the shelf life of fresh pistachio
Authors: Kazemi Mohamad Mahdi , Hashemi‐Moghaddam Hamid , Mohammadi Nafchi Abdorreza , Ajodnifar Hatef 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate how a modified packaging system designing to increase the shelf lives of fresh pistachio samples. Packaging systems include modified packaging containing cinnamon essential oil, spraying of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, modified atmosphere with nitrogen packaging (MAP), and the combinations of the three. As sensory quality is usually considered in selecting the best packaging system, a comprehensive sensory study was performed for the assessment of each option, and some parameters, such as peroxide index, microbial assessment, and aflatoxin concentration, were examined. Results revealed that, when these parameters were considered in total, modified packaging with sprayed nano ZnO was noted as an effective approach for shelf life extension as iodine and peroxide values are 70 ± 1.2 and 0.52 ± 0.09, respectively, after 12 weeks. Specifically, modified packaging with sprayed ZnO simultaneously preserves the high quality of sensorial properties for packaged fresh pistachio and inhibits microbial growth.Practical ApplicationsBy applying modified packaging to fresh pistachio can extend the nut's shelf life; important parameters, such as odor, taste, and texture, are not altered. From a health perspective, modified packaging prevents microbial growth and aflatoxin accumulation in pistachio. Improving the efficiency of packaging systems is an effective strategy that will enable the export of fresh pistachio.
Assessing resource consumption at the subnational level: A novel accounting method based on provincial selected material consumption
Authors: Xu Minghao , Chen Dingjiang , Yu Yadong , Chen Zengbo , Zhang Yupeng , Liu Bomin , Fu Yike , Zhu Bing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith considerable progress in material flow analysis (MFA), conducting MFA at the subnational level has become increasingly necessary but is restricted by problems such as domestic trade data deficiency. In this study, a novel material flow indicator—provincial selected material consumption (PSMC)—and its calculation method were proposed to estimate resource consumption mainly by the manufacturing and construction sectors at the subnational level. In order to overcome the restrictions mentioned above, PSMC accounting simplifies the value chain by selecting certain resources (i.e., considering raw materials and intermediate materials while omitting products), placing emphasis on downstream industries that drive material use from a bottom‐up perspective instead of transboundary flows. The reliability and feasibility of PSMC and the corresponding method were verified by using China as a case study and calculating PSMC of 31 provinces across the country. Furthermore, the sum of these values was compared with the result obtained on the national scale by using an economy‐wide MFA database. PSMC could depict the characteristics of subnational level material use. Moreover, the methodology appropriately balanced reliability against feasibility, which is a concerning issue when analyzing material flows at the subnational level. Overall, PSMC can function as a useful tool for sustainable resource management tailored to subnational areas as well as an important reference for policy making.
Land questions in the 21st Century Postcolony
Authors: Vijayabaskar M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe question of land, its commodification and role in capital accumulation has come to occupy centre stage in political economy since the last decade of the 20th century. Such concerns are however not confined to the agrarian question as in classical political economy but have emerged primarily in the wake of land being integrated into circuits of speculative capital accumulation constituting novel processes of dispossession. This financialization of land and accompanying processes of dispossession, often justified through neoliberal developmentalism, not only has consequences for agrarian actors and ecologies but also poses questions about the role of land in current accumulation dynamic, especially in transitioning economies in the global South. Based on a review of three recently published books on the contemporary land question and politics around it in India, this essay explores how such incorporations and dispossessions are driven by multiple developmental imperatives and asks what such logics mean for conceptualizing the land question in the 21st century.
Treatment of malar mound and festoon with fractional microneedle bipolar radiofrequency combined with 15% TCA peel
Authors: Žgaljardić Zoran , Žgaljardić Ivonne , Jurić Filip 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnatomy of the periorbital region is very complex. Malar oedema/mounds/festoons often remain unaddressed. There are various treatments proposed for this pathologic entity as well as non‐standardized nomenclature. Implementation of technology in aesthetic medicine and surgery resulted in novel treatments for this entity.AimsThe aim of this case presentation was to show the combination of fractional microneedle bipolar radiofrequency with medium depth 15%TCA peel as a great tool in treating malar bags with no complication and excellent result.Patients/MethodsWe report a case of 44‐year‐old women with malar mound and festoon. The treatment consisted of rejuvenation of whole periorbital region‐ upper and lower blepharoplasty and novel treatment combination‐fractional microneedle bipolar radiofrequency with medium depth 15%TCA peel in 2 sittings.ResultsAfter 6 weeks, excellent results can be observed with malar mound and festoon completely resolved. No complications were observed.ConclusionFractional microneedle bipolar radiofrequency with medium depth 15%TCA peel is a safe and effective treatment option for malar bags.
A novel skin brightening topical technology
Authors: Draelos Zoe Diana , Diaz Isabel , Cohen Aaron , Mao Junhong , Boyd Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundEffective skin lightening remains an unmet need in over‐the‐counter formulations.AimsThis research examined a topical facial formulation containing hexylresorcinol, silymarin, 20% vitamin C, and 5% vitamin E in a proprietary anhydrous vehicle in skin explants for UVB photoprotective effects and clinical benefits.Patients/MethodIn vitro investigation examined 12 skin explants to assess the test product and vehicle. Six skin explants received 10 μL of the study product, and six skin explants received the 10 μL of the vehicle. After 96 hours, half the skin samples were exposed to 250 mJ/cm2of UVB radiation while the other half unexposed.Clinically, 42 female subjects with normal or dry skin 35‐55 years with skin types I‐VI were enrolled possessing discoloration, uneven skin tone, and fine lines. The dermatologist investigator evaluated brightening, evenness, fine lines, wrinkles, and global appearance.ResultsExplants treated with the study product experienced no significant change in gene marker expression of pro‐collagen and pro‐inflammatory gene markers upon UVB exposure. In contrast, skin explants treated with the vehicle experienced significant decreases in pro‐collagen expression and significant increases in pro‐inflammatory gene marker expression. Clinically, the greatest improvement as compared to baseline was seen at week 12 (P < .001) with 45% improvement in brightening, 27% improvement in evenness, 25% improvement in lines, and 25% improvement in global facial appearance.ConclusionHexylresorcinol, silymarin, 20% vitamin C, and 5% vitamin E in a proprietary anhydrous vehicle are effective in decreasing UVB‐induced photodamage in skin explants while clinically producing skin brightness improvement.
Explaining the Decline in Young Adult Sexual Activity in the United States
Authors: Lei Lei , South Scott J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe main goal of this study is to identify the causes of the decline in sexual activity among young adults in the United States.BackgroundThe frequency with which young adults have sexual intercourse has declined over recent decades, but the sources of this trend are not well understood. Trends in economic insecurity, relationship formation, parental coresidence, use of electronic media, psychological distress, and alcohol consumption have all been suggested as possible causes.MethodLogistic regression models of recent sexual activity were estimated using longitudinal data from the Transition to Adulthood Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for respondents ages 18 to 23 (n = 3,213) spanning 2007 to 2017. Mediation analysis was performed to identify the explanatory factors that account for the decline in sexual activity. Fixed‐effect logistic regression models were estimated for a subset of respondents (n = 655) to help identify causal effects.ResultsOf the possible explanations considered, the decline in the formation of romantic relationships and decreasing alcohol consumption are the most important, but declining earnings and increasing use of computer games also play important roles. Overall, the measured explanations explain three‐quarters of the decline in young adult sexual activity. Within individuals, forming a romantic relationship, going to college, and alcohol consumption likely have causal effects on the probability of engaging in sexual intercourse.ConclusionTrends in the formation of romantic relationships, alcohol consumption, computer gaming, and earnings explain a substantial portion of the decline in young adult sexual activity.