bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A genome-wide association study on medulloblastoma
Authors:   The Cefalo Study Group, Dahlin Anna M. , Wibom Carl , Andersson Ulrika , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Deltour Isabelle , Hougaard David M. , Scheurer Michael E. , Lau Ching C. , McKean-Cowdin Roberta , Kennedy Rebekah J. , Hung Long T. , Yee Janis , Margol Ashley S. , Barrington-Trimis Jessica , Gauderman W. James , Feychting Maria , Schüz Joachim , Röösli Martin , Kjaerheim Kristina , Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska Danuta , Fichna Marta , Nowak Jerzy , Searles Nielsen Susan , Asgharzadeh Shahab , Mirabello Lisa , Hjalmars Ulf , Melin Beatrice 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Medulloblastoma is a malignant embryonal tumor of the cerebellum that occurs predominantly in children. To find germline genetic variants associated with medulloblastoma risk, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 244 medulloblastoma cases and 247 control subjects from Sweden and Denmark.

Methods
Genotyping was performed using Illumina BeadChips, and untyped variants were imputed using IMPUTE2.

Results
Fifty-nine variants in 11 loci were associated with increased medulloblastoma risk (p < 1 × 10–5), but none were statistically significant after adjusting for multiple testing (p < 5 × 10–8). Thirteen of these variants were genotyped, whereas 46 were imputed. Genotyped variants were further investigated in a validation study comprising 249 medulloblastoma cases and 629 control subjects. In the validation study, rs78021424 (18p11.23, PTPRM) was associated with medulloblastoma risk with OR in the same direction as in the discovery cohort (ORT = 1.59, pvalidation = 0.02). We also selected seven medulloblastoma predisposition genes for investigation using a candidate gene approach: APC, BRCA2, PALB2, PTCH1, SUFU, TP53, and GPR161. The strongest evidence for association was found for rs201458864 (PALB2, ORT = 3.76, p = 3.2 × 10–4) and rs79036813 (PTCH1, ORA = 0.42, p = 2.6 × 10–3).

Conclusion
The results of this study, including a novel potential medulloblastoma risk loci at 18p11.23, are suggestive but need further validation in independent cohorts.
Measurement of EHD Friction at Very High Contact Pressures
Authors: Zhang Jie , Spikes Hugh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEHD friction curves have been measured up to very high pressure (pmean = 5 GPa, pmax = 7.5 GPa) using a newly developed, rolling-sliding, ball on disc machine, the ETM. Six base fluids have been studied, spanning the API base oil categories Group I to Group V. At high pressures, thermal effects become substantial even at quite modest slide-roll ratios, and these must be considered when analysing friction measurements in terms of the underlying rheological properties of the oils. By comparing measurements from steel/steel and WC/WC ball and disc combinations with very different thermal conductivities, the use of thermal correction to derive isothermal friction curves has been validated. At relatively low pressures (mean pressure = 1 GPa), there are substantial differences between the EHD friction properties of the various API Group base oils, but as pressure is raised these diminish and the EHD friction coefficients of all the Groups approach a similar maximum value at a given temperature. EHD friction continues to be quite strongly temperature dependent even at very high pressure. As pressure is increased, EHD friction curves become progressively steeper, so that friction coefficients at very low slide-roll ratios (1 to 2% SRR) become several times greater at high than at low pressure. This has important practical implications for the efficiency of rolling element bearings at high pressures since these components normally operate in this SRR range. There is no evidence of any of the base oils reaching a limiting shear stress over the whole pressure and temperature range studied. Instead, shear stress continues to increase with log(strain rate) in accord with the Eyring-activated flow model up to very high pressures.
At what carbon price forest cutting should stop
Authors: Pukkala Timo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe carbon sink of boreal forests can be increased by paying forest landowners for carbon sequestration and taxing carbon releases. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of carbon pricing on optimal forest management when forests are managed for maximal discounted benefits from timber production and carbon payments. A 0.5% random sample of all private forest stands of Finland was used in the analyses (48,842 stands). Calculations were performed for a 100-year time horizon. It was assumed that the carbon balance (difference between sequestrated carbon and released carbon) in the forest (trees and soil) or the carbon balance of forestry (trees, soil and wood-based products) was subsidized (positive balance) or taxed (negative balance) by 0, 50, 100 or 150 € t−1, corresponding to CO2 prices of 0, 13.6, 27.3 or 40.9 € t−1, respectively. The results showed that paying forest landowners 150 € t−1 of carbon sequestrated in forests would lead to the cessation of all cuttings everywhere in Finland for at least 100 years. In the northern part of the country, a carbon price of 100 € t−1 would be enough to make the no-cutting management economically optimal. A low carbon price had the highest relative impact (value of increased sequestration divided by the cost of carbon payments). The benefit/cost ratio of carbon subsidies was higher in the northern part of boreal zone than in the southern parts. Subsidizing within-forest carbon sequestration by 50 € t−1 would increase the carbon sequestration of Finnish forestry by 50%, ranging from 36% (south Finland) to 116% (north Finland). A payment of 100 € t−1 or more would increase carbon sequestration by 70%, which is nearly the maximum possible increase that can be obtained by carbon subsidies.
Understanding Computational Costs of Cellular-Level Brain Tissue Simulations Through Analytical Performance Models
Authors: Cremonesi Francesco , Schürmann Felix 
Published: February 2020

AbstractComputational modeling and simulation have become essential tools in the quest to better understand the brain’s makeup and to decipher the causal interrelations of its components. The breadth of biochemical and biophysical processes and structures in the brain has led to the development of a large variety of model abstractions and specialized tools, often times requiring high performance computing resources for their timely execution. What has been missing so far was an in-depth analysis of the complexity of the computational kernels, hindering a systematic approach to identifying bottlenecks of algorithms and hardware. If whole brain models are to be achieved on emerging computer generations, models and simulation engines will have to be carefully co-designed for the intrinsic hardware tradeoffs. For the first time, we present a systematic exploration based on analytic performance modeling. We base our analysis on three in silico models, chosen as representative examples of the most widely employed modeling abstractions: current-based point neurons, conductance-based point neurons and conductance-based detailed neurons. We identify that the synaptic modeling formalism, i.e. current or conductance-based representation, and not the level of morphological detail, is the most significant factor in determining the properties of memory bandwidth saturation and shared-memory scaling of in silico models. Even though general purpose computing has, until now, largely been able to deliver high performance, we find that for all types of abstractions, network latency and memory bandwidth will become severe bottlenecks as the number of neurons to be simulated grows. By adapting and extending a performance modeling approach, we deliver a first characterization of the performance landscape of brain tissue simulations, allowing us to pinpoint current bottlenecks for state-of-the-art in silico models, and make projections for future hardware and software requirements.
Improving Prediction of Favourable Outcome After 6 Months in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Using Physiological Cerebral Parameters in a Multivariable Logistic Regression Model
Authors: Bennis Frank C. , Teeuwen Bibi , Zeiler Frederick A. , Elting Jan Willem , van der Naalt Joukje , Bonizzi Pietro , Delhaas Tammo , Aries Marcel J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background/Objective
Current severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcome prediction models calculate the chance of unfavourable outcome after 6 months based on parameters measured at admission. We aimed to improve current models with the addition of continuously measured neuromonitoring data within the first 24 h after intensive care unit neuromonitoring.

Methods
Forty-five severe TBI patients with intracranial pressure/cerebral perfusion pressure monitoring from two teaching hospitals covering the period May 2012 to January 2019 were analysed. Fourteen high-frequency physiological parameters were selected over multiple time periods after the start of neuromonitoring (0–6 h, 0–12 h, 0–18 h, 0–24 h). Besides systemic physiological parameters and extended Corticosteroid Randomisation after Significant Head Injury (CRASH) score, we added estimates of (dynamic) cerebral volume, cerebral compliance and cerebrovascular pressure reactivity indices to the model. A logistic regression model was trained for each time period on selected parameters to predict outcome after 6 months. The parameters were selected using forward feature selection. Each model was validated by leave-one-out cross-validation.

Results
A logistic regression model using CRASH as the sole parameter resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76. For each time period, an increased AUC was found using up to 5 additional parameters. The highest AUC (0.90) was found for the 0–6 h period using 5 parameters that describe mean arterial blood pressure and physiological cerebral indices.

Conclusions
Current TBI outcome prediction models can be improved by the addition of neuromonitoring bedside parameters measured continuously within the first 24 h after the start of neuromonitoring. As these factors might be modifiable by treatment during the admission, testing in a larger (multicenter) data set is warranted.
Sedimentation in a Rifted Basin: Insights from the Proterozoic Rajgarh Siliciclastics, Delhi Supergroup, Northeastern Rajasthan
Authors: Khanam Sadia , Quasim M. A. , Ahmad A. H. M. , Ghosh Sumit K. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The fining upward sequence of Proterozoic Rajgarh Formation mainly consists of feldspathic sandstone, quartzarenite, bands of shale and have a restricted lateral extent with variable palaeoflow pattern. Eight major lithofacies identified from this succession collectively indicate fluvial to marginal marine depositional set up. The Rajgarh quartzose to feldspatho-quartzose siliciclastics are fine- to coarse grained, poorly- to moderately sorted derived from a stable continental block provenance that deposited in a fault bounded graben. The deposition of the Rajgarh siliciclastics can be best explained by short transportation, high relief and fast sedimentation in rapidly subsiding fault-bounded basin and indicate radial slope and source located in the Dausa uplift in the east and banded gneissic complex (BGC) in the south and southeast.
Potential Use of Airborne Hyperspectral AVIRIS-NG Data for Mapping Proterozoic Metasediments in Banswara, India
Authors: Rani Komal , Guha Arindam , Kumar K. Vinod , Bhattacharya Bimal Kumar , Pradeep B. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer – Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) data with high spectral and spatial resolutions are used for mapping metasediments in parts of Banswara district, Rajasthan, India. The AVIRIS–NG image spectra of major metasedimentary rocks were compared with their respective laboratory spectra to identify few diagnostic spectral features or absorption features of the rocks. These spectral features were translated from laboratory to image and consistently present in the image spectra of these rocks across the area. After ensuring the persistency of absorption features from sample to image pixels, three AVIRIS – NG based spectral indices is proposed to delineate calcareous (dolomite), siliceous (quartzite) and argillaceous (phyllite) metasedimentary rocks. The index image composite was compared with the reference lithological map of Geological Survey of India and also was validated in the field. The study demonstrates the efficiency of AVIRIS – NG data for mapping metasedimentary units from the Aravalli Supergroup that are known to host strata bound mineral deposits.
Land Use/Land Cover Changes over a District in Northern India using Remote Sensing and GIS and their Impact on Society and Environment
Authors: Meer Mohammad Suhail , Mishra Anoop Kumar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study focuses on exploring changes in Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) over Baramulla district of Kashmir using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). Linkage of LULC with evapotranspiration and precipitation is also explored in this paper. LULC were categorised into dense forest, sparse forest, water body and other classes by using geospatial satellite data from Landsat for the years 1979, 2001 to 2018. The dense forest and water body show decrease in extent from 1979 to 2018. A decrease of about 27 % has been reported from 1979 to 2018 in dense forest. Furthermore, water body shows a reduction of about 36% during the same time span. Significant changes in dense forest and water body affected the water cycle of the region. Reduction in dense forest and water body resulted in significant decrease in evapotranspiration which caused reduction in precipitation over the study area. Reduced precipitation over study area caused conversion from agriculture to horticulture. Increase of about 55% in horticulture has been reported with decrease of about 54% in agriculture over study area. Evapotranspiration from reanalysis shows coherent variation with precipitation from India Meteorological Department (IMD) gridded product. A decadal decrease of about 0.5% in evapotranspiration resulting in decrease of about 0.38% in precipitation over study area is reported. Increased horticulture causes increase in black carbon due to increased biomass which results in increased warming over study area. Changes reported in this study may cause a significant socioeconomic and environmental impact over Baramulla.
Grain Size Analysis of Dune and Bar Sediments of the Shyok River between Khalsar and Hunder Village, Karakoram Range, Ladakh, India
Authors: Singh Rupendra , Kumar Rajesh , Bahuguna I. M. , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Nubra and Shyok valleys are located between the central Karakoram and Ladakh range of northwest India and have preserved excellent sand dune and bar sediments between Khalsar and Hunder village. The present study aims to understand the evolution of these landforms using grain size characteristics. The sand dunes are formed by the aeolian processes and the bars are produced by the fluvial processes. The actions of fluvial and aeolian processes are different and landforms formed by these processes have completely different sedimentological and grain size characteristics. The mean grain size of dune sediments is dominated by fine sand while in bar sediments, it varies from medium to fine sand. The sand-silt-clay ternary plot shows that all samples are concentrated in sand corner. The histograms of sand dune sediments are unimodal while the histograms of bar sediments vary from unimodal to bimodal. The grain size parameters reveal that the bar and sand dune sediments are different but deposited in the same moderate to low energy riverine environments. The dune sediments are well sorted and are transported and deposited in uniform energy environment. Due to energy variations in the hydrodynamic system, the bar sediments are moderate to well-sorted at Diskit and Hunder villages. Overall 45.5% of sediments samples are platykurtic in nature, indicating the maturity of the deposited sand. The high and low values of kurtosis imply that some fractions of sediments were sorted in a high energy environment. The present study of grain size parameters reflects different sediment character for bars and sand dunes that are deposited in modrate to low energy environments. The results of the study may be used as an analougue for understanding depositional environment in high altitude region.
Biogas Digestate in Vegetable Hydroponic Production: pH Dynamics and pH Management by Controlled Nitrification
Authors: Pelayo Lind Olle , Hultberg Malin , Bergstrand Karl-Johan , Larsson-Jönsson Helene , Caspersen Siri , Asp Håkan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Soilless cultivation of vegetables with digestate fertilizer from biogas production as a nutrient source is a promising method for integrating food production and organic waste management. In this study, bok choy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) was cultivated in a hydroponic nutrient film technique system with biogas digestate as the only fertilizer source. Nitrification in moving bed biofilm reactors (external and/or integrated into the hydroponic cultivation system) was employed to lower the high ammonium concentration in the digestate prior to use. Treatments with differing nitrification and digestate input strategies were compared with respect to pH dynamics, crop growth, shoot water content, and shoot mineral content. The results showed that < 20% longer cultivation time (< 1 week) gave similar yield in biogas digestate-based hydroponics as in conventional hydroponics based on synthetic fertilizers. Automatic pH control through addition of digestate resulted in similar shoot dry weight as in the mineral fertilizer reference system. It can be concluded that biogas digestate is a suitable plant nutrient source for hydroponic production of bok choy, considering productivity and circularity aspects. The combined impact of digestate ammonium content, digestate pH, and the nitrification step needs to be considered when designing a hydroponic system with biogas digestate as the fertilizer source.

Graphic Abstract
Theoretical foundation for calculating hydrodynamic characteristics of turbulent fluid flow in tubular mixing devices to intensify reagent wastewater treatment
Authors: Andreyev Sergey Yu. , Yahkind Michael I. , Lebedinskiy Konstantin V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe results of theoretical studies of the hydrodynamic laws of fluid flow and changes in the characteristics of the wall layer of the flow in tubular mixing devices, used in technological processes of reagent-based wastewater treatment, are presented. A mathematical relation, which allows determining the critical value of the Reynolds number Re, at which the regime of fluid movement in a tubular mixing device passes into the region of the quadratic resistance law of rough channels with the maximum degree of turbulence of flows, is obtained. It is shown that the main technical characteristics of tubular mixing devices are: the magnitude of the pulsation component of the local velocity ∆υl (m/s) and the value of the turbulent diffusion coefficient DT (m2/s) in the wall region of the turbulent fluid flow. Mathematical relations, which allow calculating the magnitude of the pulsation component of the local velocity and the turbulent diffusion coefficient in the wall region of the fluid flow in the pressure channels of circular cross section, are obtained. Using the proposed calculation technique will allow to optimize the operation regime of tubular mixing devices.
Does self-report of multimorbidity in later life predict impaired physical functioning, and might this be useful in clinical practice?
Authors: Clynes Michael A. , Bevilacqua Gregorio , Jameson Karen A. , Cooper Cyrus , Dennison Elaine M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Multimorbidity has been shown in several studies to relate to impaired physical function in later life.

Aims
To examine if self-report of multimorbidity predicts impaired physical functioning, as assessed by formal physical function testing, in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were self-reported by 443 older community-dwelling UK adults via questionnaire, asking the question: ‘Have you been told by a doctor that you have any of the following conditions?’ Assessments of walking speed, chair stands and balance allowed us to create a composite score (0–12) on which impaired physical functioning was defined as ≤ 9.

Results
The mean age of participants was 75.5 ± 2.5 years for men and 75.8 ± 2.6 for women. The proportion of individuals with impaired physical functioning was 71.2% in women and 56.9% in men. Having four or more NCDs was associated with an increased risk of poor physical function in men and women (p < 0.05). The number of medications and medicated systems was associated with gait speed (p < 0.03 and < 0.02, respectively) and timed up-and-go tests (p < 0.03 and < 0.02, respectively) in women but not men.

Discussion and conclusion
Self-report of 4 or more NCDs was associated with an increased risk of poor physical function, an outcome which has previously been associated with adverse clinical sequelae. This observation may inform development of a simple screening tool to look for poor physical function in older adults.
High-Throughput Cloud Computing with the Cloudscheduler VM Provisioning Service
Authors: Berghaus F. , Casteels K. , Driemel C. , Ebert M. , Galindo F. F. , Leavett-Brown C. , MacDonell D. , Paterson M. , Seuster R. , Sobie R. J. , Tolkamp S. , Weldon J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe describe a high-throughput computing system for running jobs on public and private computing clouds using the HTCondor job scheduler and the cloudscheduler VM provisioning service. The distributed cloud computing system is designed to simultaneously use dedicated and opportunistic cloud resources at local and remote locations. It has been used for large-scale production particle physics workloads for many years using thousands of cores on three continents. A decade after its initial design and implementation, cloudscheduler has been modernized to take advantage of new software designs, improved operating system capabilities and support packages. The updated cloudscheduler is more resilient and scalable, with expanded capabilities. We present an overview of the original design and then describe the new version of the distributed compute cloud system. We conclude with a review of the current status and future plans.
“Ad obsequium divinum inhabilem,” la reconnaissance de la condition de personne infirme par la chancellerie pontificale (xiie- xive siècles)
Authors: Dubourg Ninon 
Published: February 2020

Les suppliques reçues et les lettres émises par la Chancellerie apostolique entre le xiie et le xive siècles attestent la reconnaissance de l’invalidité par l’institution pontificale. Elles actent l’existence d’une infirmité physique ou mentale et autorisent le suppliant à adapter ses missions de clerc ou de chrétien en fonction de ses capacités. Ces documents se situent à la frontière entre une parole institutionnelle et des sources de la pratique. La sollicitation provoque une intense et complexe production épistolaire, mettant en évidence les acteurs engagés dans ce processus – les individus invalides et les personnels curial et ecclésiastique. Elle dévoile les législations spécifiques à l’institution et entraîne une définition de l’infirmité par la Chancellerie pontificale, catégorisant les corps invalides selon leur condition physique ou mentale. Les réponses de la Curie, basées sur la tradition de compilation de cas similaires, connus par le droit et l’enregistrement, confirment la reconnaissance de la condition de personne infirme. Les suppliques et les lettres constituent ainsi un dans sa relation à la papauté comme institution.