bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of chemical alternatives to methyl bromide on soil‐borne disease incidence and fungal populations in Spanish strawberry nurseries: A long‐term study
Authors: Villarino Maria , Larena Inmaculada , Melgarejo Paloma , De Cal Antonieta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDChloropicrin (PIC) mixtures of 1,3‐dichloropropene and chloropicrin (DD:PIC), dazomet, and metam sodium (MS) have been applied as chemical alternatives to methyl bromide (MB) in Spanish strawberry nurseries since MB was banned as a soil fumigant in 2005. These chemical alternatives were applied to soil in two Spanish strawberry nurseries between 2003 and 2017 to test their efficacy against the main crown and root disease and soil fungal populations in comparison with the use of MB and PIC (MB:PIC). These chemicals were applied at several doses with different application methods under plastic films. Crown and root disease incidence was calculated as the percentage of plants with symptoms caused by soil‐borne pathogens. Soil fungal populations were estimated as colony forming units per gram of dry soil.RESULTSAll chemicals significantly reduced soil‐borne fungal disease incidence and fungal population in both nurseries over the years. Phytophthora cactorum and Fusarium spp. were the main pathogens causing soil‐borne diseases, followed by Verticillium spp. MB:PIC remained the treatment that best controlled P. cactorum. MS and DD:PIC controlled Fusarium disease to a lesser extent than MB:PIC and dazomet in both nurseries. MB:PIC and PIC were the two treatments that most reduced Verticillium spp. The population of Verticillium spp. declined and the presence of other species such as Colletotrichum spp. and Rhizoctonia spp. was minimal during the study.CONCLUSIONChemicals are necessary to obtain healthy strawberry plants. The use of chemical alternatives to MB has resulted in changes in the incidence of soil‐borne diseases and soil fungal populations in strawberry nurseries. Dazomet was an effective alternative to MB as a soil‐borne disease control, except against Verticillium spp. MB alternatives in strawberry nursery soils have caused Fusarium spp. to displace Verticillium spp.
Anchoring SnS2 on TiC/C Backbone to Promote Sodium Ion Storage by Phosphate Ion Doping
Authors: Shen Yanbin , Deng Shengjue , Liu Ping , Zhang Yan , Li Yahao , Tong Xili , Shen Hong , Liu Qi , Pan Guoxiang , Zhang Lingjie , Wang Xiuli , Xia Xinhui , Tu Jiangping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTin disulfide (SnS2) shows promising properties toward sodium ion storage with high capacity, but its cycle life and high rate capability are still undermined as a result of poor reaction kinetics and unstable structure. In this work, phosphate ion (PO43−)‐doped SnS2 (P‐SnS2) nanoflake arrays on conductive TiC/C backbone are reported to form high‐quality P‐SnS2@TiC/C arrays via a hydrothermal–chemical vapor deposition method. By virtue of the synergistic effect between PO43− doping and conductive network of TiC/C arrays, enhanced electronic conductivity and enlarged interlayer spacing are realized in the designed P‐SnS2@TiC/C arrays. Moreover, the introduced PO43− can result in favorable intercalation/deintercalation of Na+ and accelerate electrochemical reaction kinetics. Notably, lower bandgap and enhanced electronic conductivity owing to the introduction of PO43− are demonstrated by density function theory calculations and UV–visible absorption spectra. In view of these positive factors above, the P‐SnS2@TiC/C electrode delivers a high capacity of 1293.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and exhibits good rate capability (476.7 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), much better than the SnS2@TiC/C counterpart. This work may trigger new enthusiasm on construction of advanced metal sulfide electrodes for application in rechargeable alkali ion batteries.
Rethinking Climate-Smart Agriculture Adoption for Resilience-Building Among Smallholder Farmers: Gender-Sensitive Adoption Framework
Authors: Khoza Sizwile , van Niekerk Dewald , Nemakonde Livhuwani 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study identifies the need for holistic understanding of gender-differentiated climate-smart agriculture (CSA) adoption by smallholder farmers who are at the frontline of climate-related hazards and disasters in Africa. CSA adoption is predominantly informed by a parochial linear approach to farmers’ decision-making processes. Resilience-building and adaptation, which forms the second pillar of CSA and can enhance understanding of the CSA adoption nuances at farmer level, often receives less attention in adoption investigations. To appreciate CSA adoption from a resilience perspective, this study focused on resilience-building based on the interlinkage between CSA and disaster risk reduction and applied a resilience perspective in a gendered approach to CSA adoption by smallholder farmers. Through primary data collected in an exploratory sequential mixed method design, the study presents a proposed normative gender-sensitive CSA adoption framework to guide CSA implementation strategies and policies. The framework is anchored in resilience thinking, and some of its key components include gender-sensitive CSA technology development, risk-informed decision-making by heterogeneous smallholder farmers, gender-sensitive enabling factors, resilience strategies, gender equitable and equal ownership, and control of and access to resilience capitals. The proposed framework can be used to improve CSA adoption by smallholder farmers by addressing gendered vulnerability and inequality that influence low adoption.
Augmented Reality for People with Low Vision: Symbolic and Alphanumeric Representation of Information
Authors: Lang Florian , Schmidt Albrecht , Machulla Tonja 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany individuals with visual impairments have residual vision that often remains underused by assistive technologies. Head-mounted augmented reality (AR) devices can provide assistance, by recoding difficult-to-perceive information into a visual format that is more accessible. Here, we evaluate symbolic and alphanumeric information representations for their efficiency and usability in two prototypical AR applications: namely, recognizing facial expressions of conversational partners and reading the time. We find that while AR provides a general benefit, the complexity of the visual representations has to be matched to the user’s visual acuity.
My Train Talks to Me: Participatory Design of a Mobile App for Travellers with Visual Impairments
Authors: Vollenwyder Beat , Buchmüller Esther , Trachsel Christian , Opwis Klaus , Brühlmann Florian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTravellers with visual impairments may face substantial information gaps on their journeys by public transport. For instance, information displayed in trains, as well as on departure boards in train stations and on platforms, are often not available in acoustic or tactile form. Digital technologies, such as smartphones or smartwatches, can provide an alternative means of access. However, these alternatives do not guarantee that the user experience is comparable in value, quality and efficiency. The present case study details a participatory design process, where travellers with visual impairments co-designed a mobile app. The goal was to tackle information gaps on journeys by public transport and to learn how participatory design can facilitate the provision of comparable experiences for users with disabilities. Travellers with visual impairments were involved in a collaborative process in all project phases, including problem identification, technical feasibility, proof of concept, design and development. Participatory design contributed to a thorough understanding of the user perspective and allowed the app to be optimised for the needs of travellers with visual impairments. Furthermore, co-design proved to be an effective method for fostering awareness and knowledge about digital accessibility at all organisational levels.
An Augmented Reality Game for Helping Elderly to Perform Physical Exercises at Home
Authors: Nishchyk Anna , Geentjens Wim , Medina Alejandro , Klein Marie , Chen Weiqin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
People are living longer nowadays. Unfortunately, this positive tendency is marred by various age-related health issues, which people experience. Falling is one of the most serious and common of them. Falls negatively influences elderly’ everyday living and significantly decreases quality of their life. Physical exercises is a proven method for preventing falls. However, it is only effective when training is regular and exercise techniques are correct. This paper presents a prototype of an augmented reality exergame for elderly people to perform physical exercise at home. The research is focusing on developing a solution for both above-mentioned issues: augmentation with Microsoft Kinect and various sensors assists in creating a safe game environment, which can helps to perform exercises with right technique; gamification elements contribute to users’ motivation to train regularly. A user-centered design approach was adopted to guide the design and development iterative process. User testing of the first prototype was performed and demonstrated positive attitudes from participants. Feedback from user testing will be used for the next development iterations.
Requirements for Large Scale Web Accessibility Evaluation
Authors: Paternò Fabio , Pulina Francesca , Santoro Carmen , Gappa Henrike , Mohamad Yehya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The recent European legislation emphasizes the importance of enabling people with disabilities to have access to online information and services of public sector bodies. To this regard, automatic evaluation and monitoring of Web accessibility can play a key role for various stakeholders involved in creating and maintaining over time accessible products. In this paper we present the results of elicitation activities that we carried out in a European project to collect experience and feedback from Web commissioners, developers and content authors of websites and web applications. The purpose was to understand their current practices in addressing accessibility issues, identify the barriers they encounter when exploiting automatic support in ensuring the accessibility of Web resources, and receive indications about what functionalities they would like to exploit in order to better manage accessibility evaluation and monitoring.
Development of Tactile Globe by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Teshima Yoshinori , Hosoya Yohsuke , Sakai Kazuma , Nakano Tsukasa , Tanaka Akiko , Aomatsu Toshiaki , Yamazawa Kenji , Ikegami Yuji , Watanabe Yasunari 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo understand geographical positions, globes adapted for tactile learning is needed for people with visual impairments. Therefore, we created three-dimensional (3D) tactile models of the earth for the visually impaired, utilizing the exact topography data obtained by planetary explorations. Additively manufactured 3D models of the earth can impart an exact shape of relief on their spherical surfaces. In this study, we made improvements to existing models to satisfy the requirements of tactile learning. These improvements were the addition of the equator, prime meridian, and two poles to a basis model. Hence, eight types of model were proposed. The equator and the prime meridian were expressed by the belt on four models (i.e., B1, B2, B3, and B4). The height of their belt was pro-vided in four stages. The equator and the prime meridian were expressed by the gutter on four models (i.e., C1, C2, C3, and C4). The width of their gutter was provided in four stages. The north pole was expressed by a cone, while the south pole was expressed by a cylinder. The two poles have a common shape in all of the eight models. Evaluation experiments revealed that the Earth models developed in this study were useful for tactile learning of the visually impaired.
SwapMyMood: User-Centered Design and Development of a Mobile App to Support Executive Function
Authors: Wallace Tracey D. , Morris John T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the research and development of the SwapMyMood smartphone application designed to support use of evidence-based executive function strategies by people with traumatic brain injury. Executive dysfunction is a common sequela of traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting in diminished cognitive-behavioral functioning. Problem-solving and emotion regulation are cognitive-behavioral functions that are often disrupted by changes in the executive control system. SwapMyMood is an electronic version of the Executive Plus/STEP program, a set of clinical techniques taught to people living with brain injury to help them 1) identify and implement solutions to problems encountered in daily life and 2) to utilize the emotion cycle to understand and regulate emotional responses to these problems. The Executive Plus/STEP program has until now relied on paper-based instruction and use. Input from target users – people with brain injury and clinical professionals who teach this program to their patients – has contributed to key refinements of features and functioning of the mobile app. Data gathered from target user participation in the user-centered design process are presented. Future directions for ongoing development of technologies to support executive function strategies are also discussed.
The convolutional double copy: a case study with a point
Authors: Luna Andrés , Nagy Silvia , White Chris D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe double copy relates scattering amplitudes in gauge and gravity theories. It has also been extended to classical solutions, and a number of approaches have been developed for doing so. One of these involves expressing fields in a variety of (super-)gravity theories in terms of convolutions of gauge fields, including also BRST ghost degrees of freedom that map neatly to their corresponding counterparts in gravity. In this paper, we spell out how to use the convolutional double copy to map gauge and gravity solutions in the manifest Lorenz and de Donder gauges respectively. We then apply this to a particular example, namely the point charge in pure gauge theory. As well as clarifying how to use the convolutional approach, our results provide an alternative point of view on a recent discussion concerning whether point charges map to the Schwarzschild solution, or the more general two-parameter JNW solution, which includes a dilaton field. We confirm the latter.
GV-spectroscopy for F-theory on genus-one fibrations
Authors: Oehlmann Paul-Konstantin , Schimannek Thorsten 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present a novel technique to obtain base independent expressions for the matter loci of fibrations of complete intersection Calabi-Yau onefolds in toric ambient spaces. These can be used to systematically construct elliptically and genus one fibered Calabi-Yau d-folds that lead to desired gauge groups and spectra in F-theory. The technique, which we refer to as GV-spectroscopy, is based on the calculation of fiber Gopakumar-Vafa invariants using the Batyrev-Borisov construction of mirror pairs and application of the so-called Frobenius method to the data of a parametrized auxiliary polytope. In particular for fibers that generically lead to multiple sections, only multi-sections or that are complete intersections in higher codimension, our technique is vastly more efficient than classical approaches. As an application we study two Higgs chains of six-dimensional supergravities that are engineered by fibrations of codimension two complete intersection fibers. Both chains end on a vacuum with G = ℤ4 that is engineered by fibrations of bi-quadrics in ℙ3. We use the detailed knowledge of the structure of the reducible fibers that we obtain from GV-spectroscopy to comment on the corresponding Tate-Shafarevich group. We also show that for all fibers the six-dimensional supergravity anomalies including the discrete anomalies generically cancel.
A free Lie algebra approach to curvature corrections to flat space-time
Authors: Gomis Joaquim , Kleinschmidt Axel , Roest Diederik , Salgado-Rebolledo Patricio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We investigate a systematic approach to include curvature corrections to the isometry algebra of flat space-time order-by-order in the curvature scale. The Poincaré algebra is extended to a free Lie algebra, with generalised boosts and translations that no longer commute. The additional generators satisfy a level-ordering and encode the curvature corrections at that order. This eventually results in an infinite-dimensional algebra that we refer to as Poincaré∞, and we show that it contains among others an (A)dS quotient. We discuss a non-linear realisation of this infinite-dimensional algebra, and construct a particle action based on it. The latter yields a geodesic equation that includes (A)dS curvature corrections at every order.
R0 resection following chemo (radio)therapy improves survival of primary inoperable pancreatic cancer patients. Interim results of the German randomized CONKO-007± trial
Authors: Fietkau R. , Grützmann R. , Wittel U. A. , Croner R. S. , Jacobasch L. , Neumann U. P. , Reinacher-Schick A. , Imhoff D. , Boeck S. , Keilholz L. , Oettle H. , Hohenberger W. M. , Golcher H. , Bechstein W. O. , Uhl W. , Pirkl A. , Adler W. , Semrau S. , Rutzner S. , Ghadimi M. , Lubgan D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy is the standard in patients with initially nonmetastatic unresectable pancreatic cancer. Additional surgery is in discussion. The CONKO-007 multicenter randomized trial examines the value of radiotherapy. Our interim analysis showed a significant effect of surgery, which may be relevant to clinical practice.

Methods
One hundred eighty patients received induction chemotherapy (gemcitabine or FOLFIRINOX). Patients without tumor progression were randomized to either chemotherapy alone or to concurrent chemoradiotherapy. At the end of therapy, a panel of five independent pancreatic surgeons judged the resectability of the tumor.

Results
Following induction chemotherapy, 126/180 patients (70.0%) were randomized to further treatment. Following study treatment, 36/126 patients (28.5%) underwent surgery; (R0: 25/126 [19.8%]; R1/R2/Rx [n = 11/126; 6.1%]). Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly better for patients with R0 resected tumors (median DFS and OS: 16.6 months and 26.5 months, respectively) than for nonoperated patients (median DFS and OS: 11.9 months and 16.5 months, respectively; p = 0.003). In the 25 patients with R0 resected tumors before treatment, only 6/113 (5.3%) of the recommendations of the panel surgeons recommended R0 resectability, compared with 17/48 (35.4%) after treatment (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Tumor resectability of pancreatic cancer staged as unresectable at primary diagnosis should be reassessed after neoadjuvant treatment. The patient should undergo surgery if a resectability is reached, as this significantly improves their prognosis.
Von der Rekonstruktion zur Funktion
Authors: Beleites T. , Zahnert T. , Polk M.-L. , Kluge A. , Neudert M. , Kemper M. 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In der Mittelohrchirurgie bedarf es ausgezeichneter feinmotorischer Fertigkeiten. Aufgrund des hohen Komplikationspotenzials im Mittelohr ist die Ausbildung dieser Fertigkeiten am Modell anzustreben.

Fragestellung
Wie gut ist die Ausbildungsmöglichkeit an geeigneten Modellen? Können die am Modell erlernten Fertigkeiten in die intraoperative Situation übertragen werden? Beeinflusst das Modell und die Ausbildung daran die zukünftige Ohrchirurgie?

Material und Methode
Vorliegende Publikationen und eigene Erfahrungen am Dresdener Tympanoplastikmodell (DTM) wurden analysiert und diskutiert.

Ergebnisse
Obwohl die Mittelohrchirurgie hohe Anforderungen an den Ausführenden stellt und am Sinnesorgan Ohr schwerwiegende Komplikationen drohen, gibt es bisher nur wenige Trainingsmöglichkeiten dafür. Das DTM ist ein validiertes Übungsmodell, das diese Lücke schließen kann. Durch eine Real-Time-Feedback-Variante des Modells kann auch das Verständnis für Rekonstruktionsqualität und intraoperative akustische Noxen verbessert werden. Die Übertragung des Real-Time-Feedback-Gedankens in die reale Mittelohrchirurgie kann die Rekonstruktionsqualität zukünftig verbessern.

Schlussfolgerungen
Das Training an geeigneten Modellen ist speziell beim Erlernen der Mittelohrchirurgie anzustreben. Mit dem Real-Time-Feedback kann beim Lernen und Operieren eine weitere Sinneswahrnehmung in die eigene und fremde Qualitätskontrolle der Tympanoplastik sehr wirksam einbezogen werden.
Initiation of antidepressant use among refugee and Swedish-born youth after diagnosis of a common mental disorder: findings from the REMAIN study
Authors: Taipale Heidi , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas , Helgesson Magnus , Sijbrandij Marit , Berg Lisa , Tanskanen Antti , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study was to compare the initiation and type of antidepressant use between refugees and matched Swedish-born youth after a diagnosis of a common mental disorder (CMD) and assess sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with the initiation.

Methods
The study cohort included youth aged 16–25 years, with an incident diagnosis of CMD based on specialized health care registers in Sweden 2006–2016, without prior antidepressant use during 1 year. One Swedish-born person was matched for each identified refugee youth (N = 3936 in both groups). Initiation of antidepressant use and factors associated with the initiation, were investigated with logistic regression yielding Odds ratios, OR, and 95% Confidence Intervals, CI.

Results
Refugees were less likely to initiate antidepressant use compared with Swedish-born (40.5% vs. 59.6%, adjusted OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.39–0.48). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were less frequently initiated for refugees than Swedish-born (71.2% vs. 81.3% of initiations, p < 0.0001). Sertraline was the most commonly initiated antidepressant both for refugees (34.3%) and Swedish-born individuals (40.3%). Among refugees, factors associated with increased odds of antidepressant initiation were previous use of anxiolytics or hypnotics, previous sickness absence of < 90 days, cancer and older age (OR range 1.07–2.72), and less than 5 years duration of residency in Sweden was associated with decreased odds (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.63–0.92).

Conclusion
Young refugees with a CMD seem to initiate antidepressants in general and those most effective considerably less often than their Swedish-born counterparts.
Infektionsscreening in der Geburtshilfe
Authors: Stahel Michèle 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungNach welchen Infekten in der Schwangerschaft systematisch gesucht werden soll, hängt davon ab, ob die Voraussetzungen für ein Screening erfüllt sind. Dies ist der Fall etwa bei Röteln und Windpocken. Ideal wäre präkonzeptionelle Überprüfung des Impfstatus, ansonsten muss er in der Frühschwangerschaft überprüft werden, um die Mutter postpartal impfen zu können. Syphilis ist zwar selten, stellt aber ein ernsthaftes Problem dar bei einer Frühform in der Schwangerschaft und es gibt eine wirksame Therapie. Das HIV(humanes Immundefizienzvirus)-Screening in der Schwangerschaft hat sich flächendeckend etabliert. Die Kolonisation mit B‑Streptokokken ist bei subpartaler Übertragung hauptverantwortlich für die neonatale Sepsis, daher ist ein Screening sinnvoll. Andere Infektionen erfüllen die Kriterien für eine systematische Suche nicht, so etwa die Toxoplasmose oder eine Primärinfektion mit dem Cytomegalievirus in der Schwangerschaft.