bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in the Magnetic Properties of Meteoritic Cloudy Zone
Authors: Nichols Claire I. O. , Bryson James F. J. , Blukis Roberts , Herrero‐Albillos Julia , Kronast Florian , Rüffer Rudolf , Chumakov Aleksandr I. , Harrison Richard J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIron and stony‐iron meteorites form the Widmanstätten pattern during slow cooling. This pattern is composed of several microstructures whose length‐scale, composition and magnetic properties are dependent upon cooling rate. Here we focus on the cloudy zone: a region containing nanoscale tetrataenite islands with exceptional paleomagnetic recording properties. We present a systematic review of how cloudy zone properties vary with cooling rate and proximity to the adjacent tetrataenite rim. X‐ray photoemission electron microscopy is used to compare compositional and magnetization maps of the cloudy zone in the mesosiderites (slow cooling rates), the IAB iron meteorites and the pallasites (intermediate cooling rates), and the IVA iron meteorites (fast cooling rates). The proportions of magnetic phases within the cloudy zone are also characterized using Mössbauer spectroscopy. We present the first observations of the magnetic state of the cloudy zone in the mesosiderites, showing that, for such slow cooling rates, tetrataenite islands grow larger than the multidomain threshold, creating large‐scale regions of uniform magnetization across the cloudy zone that render it unsuitable for paleomagnetic analysis. For the most rapidly cooled IVA meteorites, the time available for Fe‐Ni ordering is insufficient to allow tetrataenite formation, again leading to behavior that is unsuitable for paleomagnetic analysis. The most reliable paleomagnetic remanence is recorded by meteorites with intermediate cooling rates (
2–500 °C Myr
) which produces islands that are “just right” in both size and degree of Fe‐Ni order.
The Impact of Barrier Layers on Arabian Sea Surface Temperature Variability
Authors: Echols Rosalind , Riser Stephen C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBarrier layers (BLs) in the Arabian Sea may lead to increased mixed layer (ML) warming or cooling relative to non‐BL conditions, depending on differences in ML properties and atmospheric forcing. We use 13 years of profiling float data from the Arabian Sea to identify when and where each impact is likely based on analysis of the ML temperature tendency. We use a novel method based on the vertical spice profile to identify BLs and their characteristics. BLs are most likely to increase warming during the northeast monsoon, owing to temperature inversions, preceding the development of the miniwarm pool and onset of the southwest monsoon. This effect is nonuniform and is counteracted in some regions by increased penetration of solar radiation below the shallower ML associated with BL. Relative rates of cooling increase in the presence of BL during the southwest monsoon; intermonsoon periods show little net effect from BL.
Water Tracks Enhance Water Flow Above Permafrost in Upland Arctic Alaska Hillslopes
Authors: Evans Sarah G. , Godsey Sarah E. , Rushlow Caitlin R. , Voss Clifford 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUpland permafrost regions occupy approximately one third of the Arctic landscape. In upland regions, hydrologic fluxes are influenced by water tracks, curvilinear features on hillslopes that preferentially fill with and route water in response to snowmelt and rainfall when the soil above continuous permafrost thaws in the summer. As continued warming of the Arctic may alter hydrologic cycling leading to increased frequency of extreme hydrologic events like drought and flooding as well as modification of biogeochemical cycling, it is imperative to untangle the interplay between precipitation, runoff, and subsurface flow as water is routed from upland Arctic regions to the Arctic Ocean. This study quantifies how ground surface temperatures affect groundwater discharge from hillslopes with water tracks in the upland Arctic by employing a three‐dimensional, physically based subsurface flow model with variable saturation and freeze and thaw capabilities that is calibrated to field measurements from the Upper Kuparuk River watershed on the North Slope of Alaska, USA. Model analysis indicates that higher ground surface temperatures along water track hillslopes promote increases in groundwater discharge where water tracks act as conduits for large‐recharge events and continue to discharge groundwater into the autumn after the adjacent hillslope has frozen. Simulating the conditions that distinguish water tracks from their hillslope watersheds changes subsurface water storage and ground thermal responses but does not alter the total magnitude of groundwater discharge outside of parameter uncertainty. These findings suggest that water tracks play a complex and critical role in hydrologic cycles of the upland Arctic.
Catchment‐Scale Characterization of Intermittent Stream Infiltration; a Geophysics Approach
Authors: Shanafield Margaret , Gutiérrrez‐Jurado Karina , White Nicholas , Hatch Michael , Keane Robert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn arid basins, infiltration through streambeds is considered the primary contributor to groundwater recharge; however, estimating streambed recharge at catchment scale remains a challenge. Moreover, a spatial understanding of streambed infiltration is crucial for estimating where and how much aquifer recharge occurs and where recharge could be enhanced. This study explored the use of continuously sampling shallow geophysical measurements over many kilometers of dry streambed in an intermittent stream basin. In total, approximately 30 km of streambed was traversed, capturing representative portions of first through fifth order stream reaches across the six major soil groups in the study area. The results show a general trend from lower to higher apparent conductivity with change in soil type along the catchment gradient, suggesting a general progression from sandy to clayey soils. The presence of a low permeability layer in the shallowest soils across most soil types and all orders of stream gradient suggests streambed clogging would impair recharge, and that cracking of clays and lateral infiltration is very likely to play an important role in aquifer recharge. This method provided a rapid and relatively simple way to gather information on potential areas for streambed infiltration at a larger scale than is possible with other methods.
The Vaasa Migmatitic Complex (Svecofennian Orogen, Finland): Buildup of a LP‐HT Dome During Nuna Assembly
Authors: Chopin Francis , Korja Annakaisa , Nikkilä Kaisa , Hölttä Pentti , Korja Toivo , Abdel Zaher Mohamed , Kurhila Matti , Eklund Olav , Rämö O. Tapani 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTectonic evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Vaasa migmatitic complex (VMC) in the central part of the Svecofennian accretionary orogen is deciphered using aeromagnetic and gravity maps, deep seismic and magnetotelluric profiles, and structural and metamorphic data. The VMC is a semicircular structure with migmatitic rim and granitic core composed of several subdomes. It evolved in three main tectonic events (D1–D3). The D1 event (ca. 1.89–1.88 Ga) corresponds to the stacking of supracrustal rocks and the formation of an inverted metamorphic gradient. Anatexis at LP‐HT metamorphic conditions enabled the material to flow. The D2 event (ca. 1.88–1.87 Ga) corresponds to large‐scale folding of the partially molten crust within an orocline. It is marked by folds with an E‐W vertical axial planar foliation. The late D3 event resulted from mass redistribution owing to mechanical instabilities within the hinge of the orocline. It is marked by vertical shearing (ca. 1.87–1.85 Ga) in the marginal parts of the complex and along the granitoid subdomes. The seismic reflection profile (FIRE 3a) and magnetotelluric profiles (MT‐PE and MT‐B2) image large‐scale D1 stacking structures within an accretionary prism. Near vertical breaks in crustal‐scale reflectivity and conductivity models are interpreted as D3 shear zones. The VMC is an example of early mass and heat transfer within a collage of hot supracrustal rocks in an accretionary belt. Partial melting enhanced the flow of material, the production, and rise of magma as well as exhumation, marked by magmatic domes in the hinge of the orocline.
CMIP5 Climate Models Overestimate Cooling by Volcanic Aerosols
Authors: Chylek Petr , Folland Chris , Klett James D. , Dubey Manvendra K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe compare projections of the observed hemispherical mean surface temperature (HadCRUT4.6.0.0) and the ensemble mean of CMIP5 climate models' simulations on a set of standard regression model forcing variables. We find that the volcanic aerosol regression coefficients of the CMIP5 simulations are consistently significantly larger (by 40–49%) than the volcanic aerosol coefficients of the observed temperature. The probability that the observed differences are caused just by chance is much less than 0.01. The overestimate is due to the climate models' response to volcanic aerosol radiative forcing. The largest overestimate occurs in the winter season of each hemisphere. We hypothesize that the models' parameterization of aerosol‐cloud interactions within ice and mixed phase clouds is a likely source of this discrepancy. Furthermore, the models significantly underestimate the effect of solar variability on temperature for both hemispheres.
NT157 has antineoplastic effects and inhibits IRS1/2 and STAT3/5 in JAK2V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasm cells
Authors: Fenerich Bruna Alves , Fernandes Jaqueline Cristina , Rodrigues Alves Ana Paula Nunes , Coelho-Silva Juan Luiz , Scopim-Ribeiro Renata , Scheucher Priscila Santos , Eide Christopher A. , Tognon Cristina E. , Druker Brian J. , Rego Eduardo Magalhães , Machado-Neto João Agostinho , Traina Fabiola 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent data indicate that IGF1R/IRS signaling is a potential therapeutic target in BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN); in this pathway, IRS2 is involved in the malignant transformation induced by JAK2V617F, and upregulation of IGF1R signaling induces the MPN phenotype. NT157, a synthetic compound designed as an IGF1R-IRS1/2 inhibitor, has been shown to induce antineoplastic effects in solid tumors. Herein, we aimed to characterize the molecular and cellular effects of NT157 in JAK2V617F-positive MPN cell lines (HEL and SET2) and primary patient hematopoietic cells. In JAK2V617F cell lines, NT157 decreased cell viability, clonogenicity, and cell proliferation, resulting in increases in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase (p < 0.05). NT157 treatment inhibited IRS1/2, JAK2/STAT, and NFκB signaling, and it activated the AP-1 complex, downregulated four oncogenes (CCND1, MYB, WT1, and NFKB1), and upregulated three apoptotic-related genes (CDKN1A, FOS, and JUN) (p < 0.05). NT157 induced genotoxic stress in a JAK2/STAT-independent manner. NT157 inhibited erythropoietin-independent colony formation in cells from polycythemia vera patients (p < 0.05). These findings further elucidate the mechanism of NT157 action in a MPN context and suggest that targeting IRS1/2 proteins may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for MPN.
Transcriptomic profiling of skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise and inactivity
Authors: Pillon Nicolas J. , Gabriel Brendan M. , Dollet Lucile , Smith Jonathon A. B. , Sardón Puig Laura , Botella Javier , Bishop David J. , Krook Anna , Zierath Juleen R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms underlying the response to exercise and inactivity are not fully understood. We propose an innovative approach to profile the skeletal muscle transcriptome to exercise and inactivity using 66 published datasets. Data collected from human studies of aerobic and resistance exercise, including acute and chronic exercise training, were integrated using meta-analysis methods (www.metamex.eu). Here we use gene ontology and pathway analyses to reveal selective pathways activated by inactivity, aerobic versus resistance and acute versus chronic exercise training. We identify NR4A3 as one of the most exercise- and inactivity-responsive genes, and establish a role for this nuclear receptor in mediating the metabolic responses to exercise-like stimuli in vitro. The meta-analysis (MetaMEx) also highlights the differential response to exercise in individuals with metabolic impairments. MetaMEx provides the most extensive dataset of skeletal muscle transcriptional responses to different modes of exercise and an online interface to readily interrogate the database.
The proteasome 19S cap and its ubiquitin receptors provide a versatile recognition platform for substrates
Authors: Martinez-Fonts Kirby , Davis Caroline , Tomita Takuya , Elsasser Suzanne , Nager Andrew R. , Shi Yuan , Finley Daniel , Matouschek Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProteins are targeted to the proteasome by the attachment of ubiquitin chains, which are markedly varied in structure. Three proteasome subunits–Rpn10, Rpn13, and Rpn1–can recognize ubiquitin chains. Here we report that proteins with single chains of K48-linked ubiquitin are targeted for degradation almost exclusively through binding to Rpn10. Rpn1 can act as a co-receptor with Rpn10 for K63 chains and for certain other chain types. Differences in targeting do not correlate with chain affinity to receptors. Surprisingly, in steady-state assays Rpn13 retarded degradation of various single-chain substrates. Substrates with multiple short ubiquitin chains can be presented for degradation by any of the known receptors, whereas those targeted to the proteasome through a ubiquitin-like domain are degraded most efficiently when bound by Rpn13 or Rpn1. Thus, the proteasome provides an unexpectedly versatile binding platform that can recognize substrates targeted for degradation by ubiquitin chains differing greatly in length and topology.
Extensive rewiring of the EGFR network in colorectal cancer cells expressing transforming levels of KRASG13D
Authors: Kennedy Susan A. , Jarboui Mohamed-Ali , Srihari Sriganesh , Raso Cinzia , Bryan Kenneth , Dernayka Layal , Charitou Theodosia , Bernal-Llinares Manuel , Herrera-Montavez Carlos , Krstic Aleksandar , Matallanas David , Kotlyar Max , Jurisica Igor , Curak Jasna , Wong Victoria , Stagljar Igor , LeBihan Thierry , Imrie Lisa , Pillai Priyanka , Lynn Miriam A. , Fasterius Erik , Al-Khalili Szigyarto Cristina , Breen James , Kiel Christina , Serrano Luis , Rauch Nora , Rukhlenko Oleksii , Kholodenko Boris N. , Iglesias-Martinez Luis F. , Ryan Colm J. , Pilkington Ruth , Cammareri Patrizia , Sansom Owen , Shave Steven , Auer Manfred , Horn Nicola , Klose Franziska , Ueffing Marius , Boldt Karsten , Lynn David J. , Kolch Walter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProtein-protein-interaction networks (PPINs) organize fundamental biological processes, but how oncogenic mutations impact these interactions and their functions at a network-level scale is poorly understood. Here, we analyze how a common oncogenic KRAS mutation (KRASG13D) affects PPIN structure and function of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) network in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Mapping >6000 PPIs shows that this network is extensively rewired in cells expressing transforming levels of KRASG13D(mtKRAS). The factors driving PPIN rewiring are multifactorial including changes in protein expression and phosphorylation. Mathematical modelling also suggests that the binding dynamics of low and high affinity KRAS interactors contribute to rewiring. PPIN rewiring substantially alters the composition of protein complexes, signal flow, transcriptional regulation, and cellular phenotype. These changes are validated by targeted and global experimental analysis. Importantly, genetic alterations in the most extensively rewired PPIN nodes occur frequently in CRC and are prognostic of poor patient outcomes.
FICD activity and AMPylation remodelling modulate human neurogenesis
Authors: Kielkowski Pavel , Buchsbaum Isabel Y. , Kirsch Volker C. , Bach Nina C. , Drukker Micha , Cappello Silvia , Sieber Stephan A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPosttranslational modification (PTM) of proteins represents an important cellular mechanism for controlling diverse functions such as signalling, localisation or protein–protein interactions. AMPylation (also termed adenylylation) has recently been discovered as a prevalent PTM for regulating protein activity. In human cells AMPylation has been exclusively studied with the FICD protein. Here we investigate the role of AMPylation in human neurogenesis by introducing a cell-permeable propargyl adenosine pronucleotide probe to infiltrate cellular AMPylation pathways and report distinct modifications in intact cancer cell lines, human-derived stem cells, neural progenitor cells (NPCs), neurons and cerebral organoids (COs) via LC–MS/MS as well as imaging methods. A total of 162 AMP modified proteins were identified. FICD-dependent AMPylation remodelling accelerates differentiation of neural progenitor cells into mature neurons in COs, demonstrating a so far unknown trigger of human neurogenesis.
Biobased chiral semi-crystalline or amorphous high-performance polyamides and their scalable stereoselective synthesis
Authors: Stockmann Paul N. , Van Opdenbosch Daniel , Poethig Alexander , Pastoetter Dominik L. , Hoehenberger Moritz , Lessig Sebastian , Raab Johannes , Woelbing Marion , Falcke Claudia , Winnacker Malte , Zollfrank Cordt , Strittmatter Harald , Sieber Volker 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe use of renewable feedstock is one of the twelve key principles of sustainable chemistry. Unfortunately, bio-based compounds often suffer from high production cost and low performance. To fully tap the potential of natural compounds it is important to utilize their functionalities that could make them superior compared to fossil-based resources. Here we show the conversion of (+)-3-carene, a by-product of the cellulose industry into ε-lactams from which polyamides. The lactams are selectively prepared in two diastereomeric configurations, leading to semi-crystalline or amorphous, transparent polymers that can compete with the thermal properties of commercial high-performance polyamides. Copolyamides with caprolactam and laurolactam exhibit an increased glass transition and amorphicity compared to the homopolyamides, potentially broadening the scope of standard polyamides. A four-step one-vessel monomer synthesis, applying chemo-enzymatic catalysis for the initial oxidation step, is established. The great potential of the polyamides is outlined.
Insights into the regulation of molecular mechanisms involved in energy shortage in detached citrus fruit
Authors: Romero Paco , Alférez Fernando , Establés-Ortiz Beatriz , Lafuente María T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHarvested fruit undergo carbon and energy deprivation. However, the events underlying this energy-related stress in detached fruit and their involvement in cell damage have not yet been elucidated. We showed that supplementing detached sweet oranges with additional carbon or energy sources reduced peel damage, while inhibitors of energy metabolism increased it. We investigated the effect of an exogenous source of carbon (glycerol), energy (ATP), and an inhibitor of energy metabolism 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DeOGlc) + sodium iodoacetate (IAc), on the transcriptome of harvested fruit flavedo (outer peel part). ATP and Gly induced common, but also specific, alternative modes of energy metabolism by reducing the stress caused by energy shortage. They also induced shifts in energy metabolism that led to the production of the intermediates required for plant defense secondary metabolites to form. ATP and Gly triggered changes in the expression of the genes involved in cell lesion containment through a defined pathway involving hormones and redox-mediated signaling. DeOGlc + IAc had a contrasting effect on some of these mechanisms. These chemicals altered the biological processes related to membrane integrity and molecular mechanisms involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and lipid and protein degradation.
A Small Compound Targeting Prohibitin with Potential Interest for Cognitive Deficit Rescue in Aging mice and Tau Pathology Treatment
Authors: Guyot Anne-Cécile , Leuxe Charlotte , Disdier Clémence , Oumata Nassima , Costa Narciso , Roux Gwenaëlle Le , Varela Paloma F. , Duchon Arnaud , Charbonnier Jean Baptiste , Herault Yann , Pavoni Serena , Galons Hervé , Andriambeloson Emile , Wagner Stéphanie , Meijer Laurent , Lund Amie K. , Mabondzo Aloïse 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, are characterized by increased protein aggregation in the brain, progressive neuronal loss, increased inflammation, and neurogenesis impairment. We analyzed the effects of a new purine derivative drug, PDD005, in attenuating mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, using bothin vivoandin vitromodels. We show that PDD005 is distributed to the brain and can rescue cognitive deficits associated with aging in mice. Treatment with PDD005 prevents impairment of neurogenesis by increasing sex-determining region Y-box 2, nestin, and also enhances synaptic function through upregulation of synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95. PDD005 treatment also reduced neuro-inflammation by decreasing interleukin-1β expression, activation of astrocytes, and microglia. We identified prohibitin as a potential target in mediating the therapeutic effects of PDD005 for the treatment of cognitive deficit in aging mice. Additionally, in the current study, glycogen synthase kinase appears to attenuate tau pathology.
Parkinson patients without tremor show changed patterns of mechanical muscle oscillations during a specific bilateral motor task compared to controls
Authors: Schaefer Laura V. , Bittmann Frank N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is still not understood. There are investigations which show a changed oscillatory behaviour of brain circuits or changes in variability of, e.g., gait parameters in PD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the motor output differs between PD patients and healthy controls. Thereby, patients without tremor are investigated in the medication off state performing a special bilateral isometric motor task. The force and accelerations (ACC) were recorded as well as the Mechanomyography (MMG) of the biceps brachii, the brachioradialis and of the pectoralis major muscles using piezoelectric-sensors during the bilateral motor task at 60% of the maximal isometric contraction. The frequency, a specific power ratio, the amplitude variation and the slope of amplitudes were analysed. The results indicate that the oscillatory behaviour of motor output in PD patients without tremor deviates from controls: thereby, the 95%-confidence-intervals of power ratio and of amplitude variation of all signals are disjoint between PD and controls and show significant differences in group comparisons (power ratio: p = 0.000–0.004, r = 0.441–0.579; amplitude variation: p = 0.000–0.001, r = 0.37–0.67). The mean frequency shows a significant difference for ACC (p = 0.009, r = 0.43), but not for MMG. It remains open, whether this muscular output reflects changes of brain circuits and whether the results are reproducible and specific for PD.