bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of undiagnosed hyperglycaemia in the dental setting: The DiabetRisk study. A field trial
Authors: Montero Eduardo , Matesanz Paula , Nobili Antonio , Luis Herrera‐Pombo José , Sanz Mariano , Guerrero Adrián , Bujaldón Antonio , Herrera David ,   the SEPA Research Network of Dental Clinics
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy of different screening protocols for undiagnosed hyperglycaemia in a Research Network of Dental Clinics coordinated by the Spanish Society of Periodontology (SEPA).Material and MethodsA total of 1143 patients were included in the study. Participants filled a questionnaire considering diabetes risk factors (FINDRISC) and received a periodontal screening examination. Patients with a slightly elevated score according to the Findrisc (≥7), received a point‐of‐care HbA1c and were eventually referred to their physician for confirmatory diagnosis. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the performance of various predictive models with confirmed hyperglycaemia as outcome.ResultsFrom this population, 97 (8.5%) were finally diagnosed of diabetes (n = 28; 2.5%) or prediabetes (n = 69; 6.0%). When only including the results from the FINDRISC questionnaire, the model reported an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.866 (95% confidence interval ‐ CI [0.833; 0.900]). This model significantly improved when a basic periodontal examination (EPB Code; AUC = 0.876; 95% CI [0.845: 0.906]; p = .042) or a point‐of‐care HbA1c were added (AUC = 0.961; 95% CI [0.941; 0.980]; p < .001).ConclusionsThe tested protocol, combining the FINDRISC questionnaire and a point‐of‐care HbA1c, showed to be feasible when carried out in a dental clinic setting and was efficient to identify subjects with undiagnosed diabetes or prediabetes.
Commentary: The need for research on PTSD in Children and adolescents – a commentary on Elliot et al. (2020)
Authors: Cloitre Marylène , Brewin Chris R. , Kazlauskas Evaldas , Lueger‐Schuster Brigitte , Karatzias Thanos , Hyland Philip , Shevlin Mark 
Published: December 2020

The recent release of the 11th version of The International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11: WHO, 2018) marked a significant departure from the previous similarities between it and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5; APA, 2013) in terms of their conceptualization of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The ICD‐11 proposed a reduced symptom set for PTSD and a sibling disorder called Complex PTSD. There have been numerous studies that have provided support for the integrity of, and distinction between, PTSD and CPTSD diagnoses in adult samples. Elliot and colleagues (2020) have added to the research literature by providing a valuable examination of the differences between ICD and DSM PTSD/CPTSD in a sample of youth aged 8 to 17 years. This commentary reviews this study and reflects on the need for greater understanding of developmental changes in the presentation of PTSD and Complex PTSD.
FGF23, Frailty, and Falls in SPRINT
Authors: Jovanovich Anna , Ginsberg Charles , You Zhiying , Katz Ronit , Ambrosius Walter T. , Berlowitz Dan , Cheung Alfred K. , Cho Monique , Lee Alexandra K. , Punzi Henry , Rehman Shakaib , Roumie Christianne , Supiano Mark A. , Wright Clinton B. , Shlipak Michael , Ix Joachim H. , Chonchol Michel 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with frailty. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is elevated in CKD and associated with frailty among non‐CKD older adults and individuals with human immunodeficiency virus. Whether FGF23 is associated with frailty and falls in CKD is unknown.DESIGNCross‐sectional and longitudinal observational study.SETTINGSystolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), a randomized trial evaluating standard (systolic blood pressure [SBP] <140 mm Hg) versus intensive (SBP <120 mm Hg) blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular and cognitive outcomes among older adults without diabetes mellitus.PARTICIPANTSA total of 2,376 participants with CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m2).MEASUREMENTSThe exposure variable was intact FGF23. We used multinomial logistic regression to determine the cross‐sectional association of intact FGF23 with frailty and Cox proportional hazards analysis to determine the longitudinal association with incident falls. Models were adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, randomization group, antihypertensives, eGFR, mineral metabolism markers, and frailty.RESULTSAfter adjustment, the odds ratio for prevalent frailty versus non‐frailty per twofold higher FGF23 was 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.77). FGF23 levels in the highest quartile versus the lowest quartile demonstrated more than a twofold increased fall risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.32; 95% CI = 1.26–4.26), and the HR per twofold higher FGF23 was 1.99 (95% CI = 1.48–2.68).CONCLUSIONAmong SPRINT participants with CKD, FGF23 was associated with prevalent frailty and falls.
α‐synuclein abnormalities trigger focal tau pathology, spreading to various brain areas in Parkinson disease
Authors: Hadi Fatemeh , Akrami Hassan , Totonchi Mehdi , Barzegar Abdolrazagh , Nabavi Seyed Massood , Shahpasand Koorosh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractParkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, whose prevalence is 2~3% in the population over 65. α‐Synuclein aggregation is the major pathological hallmark of PD. However, recent studies have demonstrated enhancing evidence of tau pathology in PD. Despite extensive considerations, thus far, the actual spreading mechanism of neurodegeneration has remained elusive in a PD brain. This study aimed to further investigate the development of α‐synuclein and tau pathology. We employed various PD models, including cultured neurons treated with either 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or with recombinant α‐synuclein. Also, we studied dopaminergic neurons of cytokine Interferon‐β knock‐out. Moreover, we examined rats treated with 6‐hydroxydopamine, Rhesus monkeys administrated with MPTP neurotoxin, and finally, human post‐mortem brains. We found the α‐synuclein phosphorylation triggers tau pathogenicity. Also, we observed more widespread phosphorylated tau than α‐synuclein with prion‐like nature in various brain areas. We optionally removed P‐tau or P‐α‐synuclein from cytokine interferon‐β knock out with respective monoclonal antibodies. We found that tau immunotherapy suppressed neurodegeneration more than α‐synuclein elimination. Our findings indicate that the pathogenic tau could be one of the leading causes of comprehensive neurodegeneration triggered by PD. Thus, we can propose an efficient therapeutic target to fight the devastating disorder.
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Sphincter muscle activity before and after delivery: Does it depend on the type of birth?
Authors: Začesta Vita , Rācene Laura , Cescon Corrado , Plaudis Haralds , Rezeberga Dace 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThere are ongoing discussions whether cesarean section is the safest mode of childbirth to prevent pelvic floor disorders. Pelvic floor electromyography (EMG) allows the analysis of external anal sphincter (EAS) function during voluntary contractions. The primary objective of this study was the evaluation of EMG amplitude of external anal sphincter in women who had vaginal delivery, compared to women who had cesarean section. The secondary objective was to evaluate the anal incontinence score changes before and after delivery between the groups, and to look for any relationship between the clinical and EMG findings.MethodsMultichannel surface EMG was detected during maximal contractions in three sessions: (i) during pregnancy, (ii) 6 weeks after delivery and (iii) 1 year after delivery. Women were divided into two groups: cesarean section and vaginal delivery.ResultsExternal anal sphincter EMG amplitude decreases 6 weeks after vaginal deliveries from 10.1 to 8.6 μV with effect size of 0.4, but returns to baseline after 1 year. No differences were observed between groups in all other variables.ConclusionNo differences were observed after 1 year in EMG activity between the two groups; however, a slight decrease of sphincter muscle amplitude was noted 6 weeks after vaginal delivery. The delivery mode does not have effect on the EAS amplitude 1 year after delivery. Incontinence score slightly increased in both groups after delivery, with no significant differences between the two groups. No association was observed between the increase of incontinence score and the decrease of EMG signal amplitude.
From Naturalized Suffering to Futile Ownership—A Genealogy of the Depressed Lifeworld
Authors: Sik Domonkos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile several separate researches focus on either the phenomenological description of depression, or on the modernization theoretical analysis of the structural transformations responsible for its emergence, the combination of both perspectives is still rare. The article aims at filling this gap by analysing modernization from the perspective of the phenomenological preconditions of depression. A depressed lifeworld is characterized by burdensome embodiment, disorganization of linear time, existential hopelessness and guilt, loss of agency and disturbed intersubjectivity. The ideal‐typical late medieval and early modern constellations are described according to these dimensions in order to identify the structural transformations resulting in the increased prevalence of depression. Even if the medieval era is characterized by the naturalization of suffering, limited agency and lacking worldly hope, these experiences are counterbalanced by an eschatological horizon of time providing a transcendental framework for resolving guilt, and, furthermore, a continuous presence of other persons around preventing complete isolation and consequent despair. During early modernity, such formula has changed: the gradual expansion of agency promising control over suffering and enjoyment lead to the emergence of a parallel horizon of worldly time and ambiguities of intersubjectivity. In order to handle these ambiguities and improve worldly control, the modern notion of property as absolute dominion was born, which by linking the potential of control to the detachment from the others resulted in a dangerous compound. Being deprived from property or being failed by it, renders the subject helpless: as the totality of the lifeworld dependent on ownership collapses, depression emerges.
Diagnosis and treatment of gastro‐oesophageal junction abnormalities in dogs with brachycephalic syndrome
Authors: Vangrinsven Emilie , Broux Olivier , Massart Laurent , Claeys Stephanie , Clercx Cécile , Billen Frédéric 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo determine whether there is a benefit of using pre‐ and postoperative antacid treatment in dogs undergoing surgery for brachycephalic syndrome. To assess the use of an obstruction manoeuvre during endoscopy for the detection of dynamic gastro‐oesophageal junction abnormalities.Materials and MethodsThirty‐six client‐owned brachycephalic dogs were prospectively included in a randomised trial. Antacid treatment was randomly prescribed in 18 dogs before and after surgery while the other 18 dogs did not receive any gastrointestinal medical treatment. At presentation, at the time of surgery and at recheck, digestive clinical signs and gastro‐oesophageal junction abnormalities were assessed using specific scores. Gastro‐oesophageal junction abnormalities were assessed during endoscopy in standard conditions as well as during endotracheal tube obstruction. This manoeuvre was also applied in an unrelated control group.ResultsThe results suggest a beneficial effect of antacid treatment on the improvement of digestive clinical signs and lesions in dogs with brachycephalic syndrome undergoing surgery. At postsurgical control 83% of dogs had a digestive clinical score ≤1 in the treated group in contrast to 44% in the non‐treated group and 39% of dogs had a gastro‐oesophageal abnormalities score (during obstruction manoeuvre) ≤1 in the treated group in contrast to 16.7% in the non‐treated group. The use of the obstruction manoeuvre during endoscopic assessment in a control group revealed that gastro‐oesophageal junction movements are negligible in healthy animals.Clinical SignificanceThe addition of antacid treatment during the pre‐ and postoperative period for brachycephalic dogs undergoing surgery may result in a faster and greater improvement in treated dogs. The obstruction manoeuvre is an interesting technique to improve detection of gastro‐oesophageal junction abnormalities.
Advancing and reversing succession as a function of time since fire and insect outbreaks: An 18 year in situ remeasurement of changes in forest composition
Authors: Leduc Albanie , Leduc Alain , Kneeshaw Daniel , Maleki Kobra , Bergeron Yves 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsIn the boreal mixedwood, fire initiates forest succession; however, over time other disturbances such as insect outbreaks cause pulses of mortality and opportunities for recruitment of shade‐intolerant species.QuestionsWhat are the respective roles of time since fire and insect outbreaks in driving directional, vs cyclical and retrogressive succession? Do assessments from direct measurements and chronosequence approaches converge? We hypothesise that the chronosequence approach will accurately characterise large‐scale compositional patterns especially in younger stands and that direct measurements will better describe small‐scale, non‐directional changes in succession.LocationBoreal mixed wood of northwestern Quebec (79°1′ W, 48°30′ N).MethodsWe sampled 469 plots over an 18‐year interval (in 1991 and 2009) in mixed hardwood/conifer forests to observe in situ the changes in stands having originated from seven fires covering a 249‐year chronosequence.ResultsThe combination of the remeasurement and chronosequence analyses validates predictions of forest succession. Our results indicate that time since last fire is the dominant factor explaining forest succession for the first 150 years after fire and globally at the scale of the entire forest, although smaller‐scale disturbances such as spruce budworm outbreaks can change the course of forest succession, especially at stand scales.ConclusionWhile time since fire is the dominant driver of forest succession in younger forests, secondary disturbances, such as spruce budworm outbreaks, can advance or reverse forest succession in older forests. This study also serves as a validation of the overall patterns described in spatial chronosequence approaches at the landscape level in fire‐dominated systems but highlights that local succession may deviate from the overall pattern especially in older forests or in forests affected by non‐stand re‐initiating intermediate disturbances.
Machine learning for semi‐automated meteorite recovery
Authors: Anderson Seamus , Towner Martin , Bland Phil , Haikings Christopher , Volante William , Sansom Eleanor , Devillepoix Hadrien , Shober Patrick , Hartig Benjamin , Cupak Martin , Jansen‐Sturgeon Trent , Howie Robert , Benedix Gretchen , Deacon Geoff 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present a novel methodology for recovering meteorite falls observed and constrained by fireball networks, using drones and machine learning algorithms. This approach uses images of the local terrain for a given fall site to train an artificial neural network, designed to detect meteorite candidates. We have field tested our methodology to show a meteorite detection rate between 75% and 97%, while also providing an efficient mechanism to eliminate false positives. Our tests at a number of locations within Western Australia also showcase the ability for this training scheme to generalize a model to learn localized terrain features. Our model training approach was also able to correctly identify three meteorites in their native fall sites that were found using traditional searching techniques. Our methodology will be used to recover meteorite falls in a wide range of locations within globe‐spanning fireball networks.
Bifunctional Carbon Dots Derived From an Anaerobic Bacterium of Porphyromonas gingivalis for Selective Detection of Fe3+ and Bioimaging
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Qin Kunhao , Yin Shuang , Zheng Xiaodan , Li Hongmei , Yan Hui , Song Pengfei , Ji Xiuling , Zhang Qi , Wei Yunlin , Zhao Limin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, for the first time, Porphyromonas gingivalis, an anaerobic bacterium, was selected to synthesize carbon dots. The achieved P. gingivalis–carbon dots (Pg‐CDs) exhibited strong fluorescence and high stability with capability for dual function as Fe3+ sensor and intracellular imaging agent. The detection limit for Fe3+ was as low as 1.85 µm. On the other hand, the prepared Pg‐CDs were an excellent candidate for biosensor with high biocompatibility.
Ex vivo study of vagal branches at risk for iatrogenic injury during laryngoplasty in horses
Authors: Pisano Simone R. R. , Stoffel Michael H. , Bodó Gábor 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo localize vagal branches within the surgical field of laryngoplasty and identify potentially hazardous surgical steps.Study designObservational cadaveric study.Sample populationFive equine head–neck specimens and four entire equine cadavers.MethodsDissection of the pharyngeal region from a surgical perspective. Neuronal structures were considered at risk if touched or if the distance to instruments was less than 5 mm.ResultsThe branches of the pharyngeal plexus (PP) supplying the cricopharyngeal muscle (PPcr), the thyropharyngeal muscle (PPth), and the esophagus (PPes) were identified in the surgical field in nine of nine, five of nine, and one of nine specimens, respectively. The internal branch of the cranial laryngeal nerve (ibCLN) was identified within the carotid sheath in six of nine specimens. The external branch of the cranial laryngeal nerve (ebCLN) was identified close to the septum of the caudal constrictors in nine of nine specimens.The blade of the tissue retractor compressed the ibCLN in six of six, the ebCLN in four of six, the PPcr in six of six, the PPth in two of three, and the PPes in two of two specimens in which the respective nerves were identified after further dissection. Surgical exploration of the dorsolateral aspect of the pharynx and the incision of the septum of the caudal constrictors harmed the ebCLN in nine of nine, PPcr in seven of nine, and PPth in four of eight specimens.ConclusionSeveral vagal branches were located in the surgical field and must be considered at risk because of their location.Clinical significanceUse of the tissue retractor, dissection over the pharynx, and dissection of the septum of the caudal constrictors involve a risk to damage vagal branches.
Significance of the Direct Excitation Mechanism for High-Frequency Response of Premixed Flames to Flow Oscillations
Authors: Acharya Vishal S. , Lieuwen Timothy C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Premixed flames are sensitive to flow disturbances, which can arise from acoustic or vortical fluctuations. For transverse instabilities, it is known that a dominant mechanism for flame response is “injector coupling,” whereby pressure oscillations associated with transverse waves excite axial flow disturbances. These axial flow disturbances then excite heat release oscillations. The objective of this paper is to consider another mechanism—the direct sensitivity of the unsteady heat release to transverse acoustic waves—and to compare its significance relative to the induced axial disturbances, in a linear framework. The rate at which the flame adds energy to the disturbance field is quantified using the Rayleigh criterion and evaluated over a range of control parameters, such as flame length and swirl number. The results show that radial modes induce heat release fluctuations that always add energy to the acoustic field, whereas heat release fluctuations induced by mixed radial-azimuthal modes can add or remove energy. These amplification rates are then compared to the flame response from induced axial fluctuations. For combustor-centered flames, these results show that the direct excitation mechanism has negligible amplification rates relative to the induced axial mechanism for radial modes. For transverse modes, the fact that the nozzle is located at a pressure node indicates that negligible induced axial velocity disturbances are excited; as such, the direct mechanism dominates. For flames that are not centered on pressure nodes, the direct mechanism for mixed modes dominates for certain nozzle locations and flame angles.
Region-Based Efficient Computer Numerical Control Machining Using Point Cloud Data
Authors: Dhanda Mandeep , Kukreja Aman , Pande S. S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an efficient tool path planning strategy for three-axis computer numeric control (CNC) machining using curvature-based segmentation (CBS) of freeform surface from its representation in the form of a point cloud. Curvature parameters estimated over the point data are used to partition the surface into convex, concave, and saddle-like regions. Grid-based adaptive planar tool path planning strategy is developed to machine each region separately within its boundaries. In addition to the region-by-region machining, a strategy to stitch the obtained regions is also developed to minimize the tool lifts and tool marks. The developed region-based tool path planning strategy is compared with the point-cloud-based adaptive planar strategy, iso-scallop strategy, and commercial software for parts with various complexities. The result shows significant improvement in terms of performance parameters, namely, machining time, tool path length, and code length while maintaining the desired part surface quality. The proposed method is also tested by machining a real surface and analyzing its surface quality.
Dynamic Stability of Sandwich Beams/Wide Plates Subjected to Axial Impulsive Loads
Authors: Yuan Zhangxian , Kardomateas George A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis for the dynamic stability of sandwich beams/wide plates subjected to axial impulsive loads. The formulation and solution of the problem is done by use of the extended high-order sandwich panel theory (EHSAPT). With the initial geometric imperfection included, the equations of motion in terms of seven generalized displacements are derived. The dynamic response of sandwich panels subjected to three different types of impulsive loads, namely, step, linear decay, and triangular impulse, is studied. Furthermore, the effects of the oscillation mode number, face/core materials, and geometries are investigated. It is observed that all measurements of the dynamic response, such as the maximum displacements, strains, and stresses, change at the same rate as the change of the impulse load magnitude and duration, for a specific impulse load profile. When the impulse load is lower than the static buckling load, the dynamic response is bounded no matter how long the load is applied. A step impulsive axial load with magnitude lower than the static buckling load can lead a sandwich panel to have a dynamic response as high as twice the static response. When the impulse load is higher than the static critical load, the dynamic response is unbounded with increasing load duration. However, it is possible that the dynamic response can be controlled at a low level if the duration of the impulse load is short enough, and thus, in this case, the load can safely exceed the static critical load.