bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mild C−F Activation in Perfluorinated Arenes through Photosensitized Insertion of Isonitriles at 350 nm
Authors: Weidlich Frauke , Esumi Naoto , Chen Dongyang , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Zysman‐Colman Eli , Studer Armido 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFluorinated compounds have become important in the fields of agrochemical industry, pharmaceutical chemistry and materials sciences. Accordingly, various methods for their preparation have been developed in the past. Fluorinated compounds can be accessed via conjugation with fluorinated building blocks, via C−H fluorination or via selective activation of perfluorinated compounds to give the partially fluorinated congeners. Especially the direct activation of C−F bonds, one of the strongest σ‐bonds, still remains challenging and new strategies for C−F activation are desirable. Herein a method for the photochemical activation of aromatic C−F bonds is presented. It is shown that isonitriles selectively insert into aromatic C−F bonds while aliphatic C−F bonds remain unaffected. Mechanistic studies reveal the reaction to proceed via the indirect excitation of the isonitrile to its triplet state by photoexcited acetophenone at 350 nm. Due to the relatively mild light used, the process shows high functional group tolerance and various compounds of the class of benzimidoyl fluorides are accessible from aryl isonitriles and commercially available perfluorinated arenes.magnified image
An Aptamer‐Nanotrain Assembled from Six‐Letter DNA Delivers Doxorubicin Selectively to Liver Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhang Liqin , Wang Sai , Yang Zunyi , Hoshika Shuichi , Xie Sitao , Li Jin , Chen Xigao , Wan Shuo , Li Long , Benner Steven A. , Tan Weihong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExpanding the number of nucleotides in DNA increases the information density of functional DNA molecules, creating nanoassemblies that cannot be invaded by natural DNA/RNA in complex biological systems. Here, we show how six‐letter GACTZP DNA contributes this property in two parts of a nanoassembly: 1) in an aptamer evolved from a six‐letter DNA library to selectively bind liver cancer cells; and 2) in a six‐letter self‐assembling GACTZP nanotrain that carries the drug doxorubicin. The aptamer‐nanotrain assembly, charged with doxorubicin, selectively kills liver cancer cells in culture, as the selectivity of the aptamer binding directs doxorubicin into the aptamer‐targeted cells. The assembly does not kill untransformed cells that the aptamer does not bind. This architecture, built with an expanded genetic alphabet, is reminiscent of antibodies conjugated to drugs, which presumably act by this mechanism as well, but with the antibody replaced by an aptamer.
Effect of triphenyl phosphite as a reactive compatibilizer on the properties of poly(L‐lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate) blends
Authors: Ma Meng , Xu Lin , Liu Kai , Chen Si , He Huiwen , Shi Yanqin , Wang Xu 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTReactive blending is an innovative method for the improvement of compatibility of polymer blend. In this work, poly (L‐lactic acid) and poly (butylene succinate) (PLLA/PBS) blends were prepared by melt blending to ameliorate the toughness of PLLA. Triphenyl phosphite (TPP) was introduced into the PLLA/PBS blends (80/20 by weight) to enhance their compatibility via reactive blending. The effects of TPP on the morphology and properties of PLLA/PBS blends were studied systematically. The increased torque during melt blending demonstrated that the compatibilizer successfully reacted with PLLA and PBS. The mechanical properties of the blends were exceedingly improved only with 0.5 wt% TPP. A reduction tendency of size of the dispersed phase was observed due to the improvement of compatibility. The DSC and DMA results indicate that theTgof PLLA decreased at a slow rate with the increasing content of TPP. This work provided a simple approach for preparing a kind of high toughed PLLA material. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48646.
Surface‐Coated Thermally Expandable Microspheres with a Composite of Polydisperse Graphene Oxide Sheets
Authors: Jiao Shouzheng , Sun Zhicheng , Zhou Yang , Li Furong , Wen Jinyue , Chen Yinjie , Du Xiaoyang , Li Luhai , Liu Yuanyuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSurface‐modified thermally expandable microcapsules (TEMs) hold potential for applications in various fields. In this work, we discussed the possible surface coating mechanism and reported the properties of TEMs coated with polyaniline (PANI) and polydisperse graphene oxide sheets (ionic liquid‐graphene oxide hybrid nanomaterial (ILs‐GO)). The surface coating of PANI/ ILs‐GO increased the corresponding particle size and its distribution range. The morphologies analyzed by scanning electron microscopy indicated that no interfacial gap was observed between the microspheres ink and substrate layer during the substrate application. The thermal properties were determined by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. The addition of ILs‐GO to the polyaniline coating significantly improved the thermal expansion and thermal conductivity of the microcapsules. The evaporation of hexane present in the core of TEMs was not prevented by the coating of PANI/ ILs‐GO. The printing application of TEMs showed excellent adaptability to various flexible substrates with great 3D appearance. By incorporating a flame retardant agent into TEMs coated by PANI/ILs‐GO, finally, these TEMs also demonstrated a great flame retardant ability. We expect that these TEM‐coated PANI/ ILs‐GO are likely to have the potential to improve the functional properties for various applications.
Real‐world health utility scores and toxicities to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in epidermal growth factor receptor mutated advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Jiang Shirley Xue , Walton Ryan N. , Hueniken Katrina , Baek Justine , McCartney Alexandra , Labbé Catherine , Smith Elliot , Chan Sze Wah Samuel , Chen RuiQi , Brown Catherine , Patel Devalben , Liang Mindy , Eng Lawson , Sacher Adrian , Bradbury Penelope , Leighl Natasha B. , Shepherd Frances A. , Xu Wei , Liu Geoffrey , Hurry Manjusha , O'Kane Grainne M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAs the treatment landscape in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRm) continues to evolve, real‐world health utility scores (HUS) become increasingly important for economic analyses.MethodsIn an observational cohort study, questionnaires were completed in EGFRm NSCLC outpatients, to include demographics, EQ‐5D‐based HUS and patient‐reported toxicity and symptoms. Clinical and radiologic characteristics together with outcomes were extracted from chart review. The impact of health states, treatment type, toxicities, and clinical variables on HUS were evaluated.ResultsBetween 2014 and 2018, a total of 260 patients completed 994 encounters. Across treatment groups, patients with disease progression had lower HUS compared to controlled disease (0.771 vs 0.803; P = .01). Patients predominantly received gefitinib as the first‐line EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) (n = 157, mean‐HUS = 0.798), whereas osimertinib (n = 62, mean‐HUS = 0.806) and chemotherapy (n = 38, mean‐HUS = 0.721) were more likely used in subsequent treatment lines. In longitudinal analysis, TKIs retained high HUS (>0.78) compared to chemotherapy (HUS < 0.74). There were no differences between the frequency or severity of toxicity scores in patients receiving gefitinib compared to osimertinib; however, TKI therapy resulted in fewer toxicities than chemotherapy (P < .05), with the exception of worse diarrhea and skin rash (P < .001). Severity in toxicities inversely correlated with HUS (P < .001). Clinico‐demographic factors significantly affecting HUS included age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Score (ECOG PS), disease state, treatment group, and metastatic burden.ConclusionsIn a real‐world EGFRm population, patients treated with gefitinib or osimertinib had similar HUS and toxicities, scores which were superior to chemotherapy. Health utility scores inversely correlated with patient‐reported toxicity scores. In the era of targeted therapies, future economic analyses should incorporate real‐world HUS.
Client‐initiated disclosure of psychotherapists' sexual orientation: A narrative inquiry
Authors: McPherson Alan Stuart 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntentionThis study considers the effect on counsellors and psychotherapists when their sexual orientation is discovered and introduced into the therapeutic relationship by their clients.MethodUsing a narrative inquiry approach, four qualified and experienced counsellors/psychotherapists share their stories by means of unstructured conversations. The findings are presented and analysed through a reconstructed conversation illustrating the similarities and differences between these participants' stories, considered alongside my own.FindingsThrough this reconstituted dialogue, the process of unintended revealing of the participants' sexual orientation and the perceived effect on the client and on the therapeutic relationship are explored, and how these experiences altered the practitioner's view of themselves, clients in general and wider society.Implications for practiceThese stories suggest clients' curiosity into the lives of their counsellor/psychotherapist is inevitable with the growth of the availability of personal information in the public domain, and as such, practitioners are encouraged to take ownership of their narratives of their sexual orientation.
Interstitial duplication of 8q22.1‐q23.1‐ A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Leary Steven , Porterfield Harry S. , Kotlarek Jaclyn R. , Darbro Benjamin W. , Sidhu Alpa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis report highlights the clinical features seen in duplication of 8q22.1q23.1 inherited from balanced father. It stresses the importance of obtaining a karyotype to identify the location of a large copy number variant for accurate recurrence risk estimation.
CuSn Alloy Nanoparticles on Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Xiong Wei , Yang Jian , Shuai Ling , Hou Yang , Qiu Ming , Li Xinyong , Leung Michael K. H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe report an efficient electrocatalyst utilizing non‐noble metals consisting of Cu and Sn supported on nitrogen‐doped graphene (NG) for reduction of CO2 over a wide potential range. The CuSn alloy nanoparticles (NPs) on NG were prepared through a hydrothermal method followed by pyrolysis under nitrogen atmosphere to achieve a uniform dispersion of the alloy NPs. The CuSn NP (Cu/Sn ratio of 0.175) decorated NG catalyst performed electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 into C1 products at a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of nearly 93 % at an overpotential of −1.0 V vs. RHE, considerably higher than that of the Cu and Sn counterparts, i. e., 32 % and 58 %, respectively. The enhanced catalytic activity could be attributed to the collaboration between the CuSn alloy and Sn metal. The first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) simulation results indicate that the CuSn bimetal alloy nanoparticles enable more H atoms to participate in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 and exhibit an improved CO2 capture performance. In addition, the CuSn alloy having a lower barrier than that of Sn metal can accelerate the CO2 reduction process. This study presents the strategy that utilizes low‐cost non‐noble metals as highly efficient electrocatalysts for aqueous reduction of CO2.
CHAMELEON: Hides privacy in cloud IoT system by LSB and CSE
Authors: Dong Meiya , Zhao Jumin , Zhu Biaokai , Liu Zhaobin 
Published: October 2019

SummaryRecently, in a variety of Internet of Things (IoT) application scenarios, fingerprint image as a common biological information has been widely collected. For example, in safe city projects, civil fingerprints representing unique identification are vastly assembled, stored, and transmitted wirelessly. Under such situations, data privacy protection becomes increasingly valued. In our study, this fundamental problem was centered. In our work, the method to remain secure in such an universal cloud based IoT system and the approach to hide important information in biologically collected data such are fully discussed. A new lightweight algorithm in protecting the privacy and integrity of data in a cloud based IoT system is badly needed. We believe that it is a way to hide the core information in the surrounding environment just like “Chameleon” to protect the data security. Thus, in this paper, we propose “CHAMELEON” by using least significant bits (LSB) to hide important information in fingerprint images and chaotic sequence encryption (CSE) to securely transmit useful data. The experimental results of this algorithm show that Chameleon can resist static attacks and protect the privacy of users regarding to the information security and integrity.
Integrating the underlying structure of stochasticity into community ecology
Authors: Shoemaker Lauren G. , Sullivan Lauren L. , Donohue Ian , Cabral Juliano S. , Williams Ryan J. , Mayfield Margaret M. , Chase Jonathan M. , Chu Chengjin , Harpole W. Stanley , Huth Andreas , HilleRisLambers Janneke , James Aubrie R. M. , Kraft Nathan J. B. , May Felix , Muthukrishnan Ranjan , Satterlee Sean , Taubert Franziska , Wang Xugao , Wiegand Thorsten , Yang Qiang , Abbott Karen C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStochasticity is a core component of ecology, as it underlies key processes that structure and create variability in nature. Despite its fundamental importance in ecological systems, the concept is often treated as synonymous with unpredictability in community ecology, and studies tend to focus on single forms of stochasticity rather than taking a more holistic view. This has led to multiple narratives for how stochasticity mediates community dynamics. Here, we present a framework that describes how different forms of stochasticity (notably demographic and environmental stochasticity) combine to provide underlying and predictable structure in diverse communities. This framework builds on the deep ecological understanding of stochastic processes acting at individual and population levels and in modules of a few interacting species. We support our framework with a mathematical model that we use to synthesize key literature, demonstrating that stochasticity is more than simple uncertainty. Rather, stochasticity has profound and predictable effects on community dynamics that are critical for understanding how diversity is maintained. We propose next steps that ecologists might use to explore the role of stochasticity for structuring communities in theoretical and empirical systems, and thereby enhance our understanding of community dynamics.
Impacts of Sex and Exposure Duration on Gene Expression in Zebrafish Following Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Exposure
Authors: Khazaee Manoochehr , Guardian Mary Grace E. , Aga Diana S. , Ng Carla A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a member of the anthropogenic class of perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) and one of the most frequently detected PFAAs in water, humans, mammals, and fish around the world. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a small freshwater fish considered an appropriate vertebrate model for investigating the toxicity of compounds. Previous investigations showed tissue-specific bioaccumulation and alterations in the expression of fatty acid–binding proteins (fabps) in male and female zebrafish, potentially due to interactions between PFAA and fatty acid transporters. In addition, a number of neurological impacts have been reported as a result of human and animal exposure to PFAAs. Therefore, the present comprehensive study was designed to investigate whether PFOS exposure affects the expression of genes associated with fatty acid metabolism (fabp1a, fabp2, and fabp10a) in zebrafish liver, intestine, heart, and ovary and genes involved in the nervous system (acetylcholinesterase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, choline acetyltransferase, histone deacetylase 6, and nerve growth factor) in brain and muscle. The results indicate alterations in expression of genes associated with fatty acid metabolism and neural function that vary with both exposure concentration and sex. In addition, our findings highlight that expression of these genes differs according to exposure duration. The present results extend the knowledge base on PFOS effects to other tissues less often studied than the liver. The findings of the present investigation provide a basis for future studies on the potential risks of PFOS as one of the most abundant PFAAs in the environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:437–449. © 2019 SETAC
Abstract
Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate on zebrafish gene expression.
The possible role of predator–prey dynamics as an influence on early hominin use of burned landscapes
Authors: Hoare Sally 
Published: October 2019

AbstractForaging in burned areas has been suggested to represent the earliest stage in the use and control of fire by early hominins. Recently burned areas offer immediate foraging benefits including increased search efficiency for high‐ranked food items and decreased hunting opportunities for ambush predators. As such, they provide a triple‐bonus (reduced risk from ambush, ease of terrestrial travel and higher foraging returns) for some primates. However, previous studies have not yet accounted for other types of predators e.g., coursing (endurance predators that can pursue prey over long distances) which were sympatric with hominins and may also have exploited these environments. Behavioral ecology studies on the use of burned landscapes by extant carnivores demonstrate that while some ambush predators avoid recently burned areas, coursing predators do take advantage of their immediate hunting opportunities. Research examining habitat selection by animals under the simultaneous threat of multiple predator species with different modes of hunting, and the diversity of Plio‐Pleistocene carnivore guild is suggestive of two possible evolutionary scenarios in which hominins could either have selected or avoided burned areas (3–2 mya), based on whether ambush or coursing predators were perceived as presenting the greatest risk.
Testing NTRK testing: Wet‐lab and in silico comparison of RNA‐based targeted sequencing assays
Authors: Pfarr Nicole , Kirchner Martina , Lehmann Ulrich , Leichsenring Jonas , Merkelbach‐Bruse Sabine , Glade Julia , Hummel Michael , Stögbauer Fabian , Lehmann Annika , Trautmann Marcel , Kumbrink Jörg , Jung Andreas , Dietmaier Wolfgang , Endris Volker , Kazdal Daniel , Evert Matthias , Horst David , Kreipe Hans , Kirchner Thomas , Wardelmann Eva , Lassen Ulrik , Büttner Reinhard , Weichert Wilko , Dietel Manfred , Schirmacher Peter , Stenzinger Albrecht 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNTRK fusions involving three neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase genes NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3 and a variety of fusion partners were identified as oncogenic drivers across many cancer types. Drugs that target the chimeric protein product require the identification of the underlying gene fusion. This advocates the diagnostic use of molecular assays ranging from fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR)/Sanger approaches to targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Immunohistochemistry may be used as a screening tool and adjunct diagnostic assay in this context. Although FISH and RT‐PCR/Sanger approaches are widely adopted in routine diagnostics, current experience with targeted RNA‐based NGS is limited. Here, we report on the analysis of major assays (TruSight TST170 and TruSight RNA Fusion [Illumina]; Archer FusionPlex Solid Tumor, Archer FusionPlex Lung, and Archer FusionPlex Oncology [Archer]; Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 RNA and Oncomine Focus RNA [Thermo Fisher Scientific]) that are commercially available. The data set includes performance results of a multicentric comparative wet‐lab study as well as an in silico analysis on the ability to detect the broad range of NTRK fusions reported until now. A test algorithm that reflects assay methodology is provided. This data will support implementation of targeted RNA sequencing in routine diagnostics and inform screening and testing strategies that have been brought forward.
Longitudinal stability of the brain functional connectome is associated with episodic memory performance in aging
Authors: Ousdal Olga Therese , Kaufmann Tobias , Kolskår Knut , Vik Alexandra , Wehling Eike , Lundervold Astri J. , Lundervold Arvid , Westlye Lars T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe brain functional connectome forms a relatively stable and idiosyncratic backbone that can be used for identification or “fingerprinting” of individuals with a high level of accuracy. While previous cross‐sectional evidence has demonstrated increased stability and distinctiveness of the brain connectome during the course of childhood and adolescence, less is known regarding the longitudinal stability in middle and older age. Here, we collected structural and resting‐state functional MRI data at two time points separated by 2–3 years in 75 middle‐aged and older adults (age 49–80, SD = 6.91 years) which allowed us to assess the long‐term stability of the functional connectome. We show that the connectome backbone generally remains stable over a 2–3 years period in middle and older age. Independent of age, cortical volume was associated with the connectome stability of several canonical resting‐state networks, suggesting that the connectome backbone relates to structural properties of the cortex. Moreover, the individual longitudinal stability of subcortical and default mode networks was associated with individual differences in cross‐sectional and longitudinal measures of episodic memory performance, providing new evidence for the importance of these networks in maintaining mnemonic processing in middle and old age. Together, the findings encourage the use of within‐subject connectome stability analyses for understanding individual differences in brain function and cognition in aging.