bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology with Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Swellings
Authors: Kumara Rama Sarath Babu , Raju Rathan , Radhakrishnan Shankar 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is now being accepted as the most cost-effective, minimally invasive technique with very low incidence of complications in the diagnosis of most of the thyroid lesions with an added advantage of segregating the patients of solitary thyroid nodule (STN) into operative and non-operative groups.
Materials and Method
A prospective longitudinal study was undertaken over a period of one year (2015) at the out-patient department of a medical college hospital in Tamil Nadu to determine the accuracy of FNAC in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in comparison with histopathology in the diagnosis of a thyroid swelling. Patients with solitary thyroid nodule, in euthyroid state without serious medical disorders were included in our study. FNAC was performed with 23G needle, smears were fixed with ether-95% alcohol solution, and staining was performed using Papanicolaou’s stain. The thyroid specimen which was excised during the thyroidectomy procedure was processed in automated tissue processing units and sent for histopathological examination.
Results
The validity of FNAC in terms of sensitivity and specificity was assessed by comparing it with the histopathological examination. The sensitivity of FNAC in detecting all the benign and malignant type of thyroid lesions was found to be in the range of 80-100%, whereas the specificity and the positive predictive value was almost 100% and the negative predictive value was between 98-100%, for all the lesions detected by FNAC. The accuracy of detection of lesions through FNAC is almost 94%.

Conclusion
The use of FNAC has reduced the number of patients with solitary thyroid nodules undergoing unnecessary surgery and has led to proper planning of surgery in malignant cases.
An Asymptomatic Pointed Foreign Body in the Hypopharynx-A Rare Case Report
Authors: Das Jyotiranjan , Ghosh Debangshu , Saha Jayanta , Basu Sumit Kumar 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Foreign body ingestion is an ENT emergency frequently encountered in both children and adults.
Case Report
A case of an open safety pin in the hypopharynx in a fifteen year old boy is reported, which remained impacted there for the past 15 days without any significant symptom or complication. CT scan, performed before surgical intervention, did not show any migration of this foreign body from its intraluminal site. This was removed by ‘Magill forceps technique’. Postoperative period was uneventful.
Conclusion
Pointed foreign body may present with negligible symptoms and that too may stay in the cricopharynx for long without migration. Magill forceps technique can be a good surgical option in such cases.
Double nail in Hypopharynx- A rare presentation
Authors: Banerjee Pranabashish , Kundu Rajesh Kumar , Ray Dhrupad , Das Gautam 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
An extremely rare case of a pair of nails impacted in the right pyriform sinus, presenting 72 hours after the incident, is reported.
Case Report
X-ray soft tissue neck revealed the presence of a pair of nails in the neck at C4-C5 vertebral level. The foreign bodies could not be seen on hypopharyngoscopy due to severe mucosal oedema. Lateral pharyngotomy was done to remove the nails with C-arm guidance.
Discussion
Retained foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract are known to produce complications. Delayed presentation makes the management difficult. C-arm guidance during surgical exploration is helpful to locate a radiopaue foreign body in difficult situations.
Intralesional Sclerotherapy with Polidocanol in the Management of Head and Neck Vascular Lesions
Authors: Das Arindam , Sengupta Anindita , Ghosh Debashis , Bose Deepjoy , Dhara Subhadip , Sengupta Arunabha 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Vascular lesions (Hemangioma or vascular malformation) in the head and neck region are quite common and need therapeutic intervention if they become symptomatic or cosmetically unacceptable. Different therapeutic modalities including cryotherapy, corticosteroids, laser therapy, sclerotherapy, surgery and/or embolization are available. Advances in laser surgery as well as sclerotherapy techniques have improved our ability to treat extensive lesions. Surgical excision sometimes becomes very difficult due to massive per-operative bleeding and proximity to major neurovascular structures. In this study we have tried to find a simpler, easily available, safe and cost-effective therapy to treat these vascular lesions.
Materials and Method
A pilot case study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata for a period of one year. Polidocanol was selected as the sclerosing agent for treatment of head and neck vascular lesions for its safety and its local anesthetic effect. 3% Polidocanol was injected in 20 lesions.
Result
20 patients with head and neck vascular lesions treated with polidocanol sclerotherapy were followed up for 12 months. The study included 20 patients (12 female and 8 male) with mean age 20.3 years (range 6-62 years). Of these 20 patients 14 had 90% to 100% result and in 6 patients we obtained only mild improvement.
Discussion
Sclerotherapy is now becoming the first choice of treatment in head and neck vascular lesions. Polidocanol is a mixture of 5% ethyl alcohol and 95% hydroxypolyethoxydodecane, the detergent action of which induces a rapid overhydration of endothelial cells, leading to vascular injury and regression of vascular lesions. As the same time it is a local anesthetic, so treatment is painless.
Conclusion
It is a less invasive, cost effective, painless OPD based management for head and neck vascular lesions having good functional and aesthetic outcome.
Study of Asssociation of Concha Bullosa with Rhinosinusitis
Authors: B H Shrikrishna , A C Jyothi 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
There are several studies with contradictory findings about the role of concha bullosa with predisposition to rhinosinusitis. This study was conducted to assess the relationship of osteomeatal unit blockage with concha bullosa.
Materials and method
A cross-sectional observational study by radiological assessment of prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis and blockage of ipsilateral osteomeatal unit was done on 100 cases of concha bullosa detected on computed tomography to determine the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis in subjects with concha bullosa and to examine the latter’s relationship to osteomeatal unit blockage, which is a precursor for rhinosinusitis.
Result
One hundred cases of concha bullosa were studied in a total of 87 CT scan films depicting concha bullosa. Some CT scans showed unilateral concha bullosa while few scans showed bilateral concha bullosa. Ipsilateral rhinosinusitis was found in only 31% of the sides in scans of subjects with concha bullosa. Of the total 100 concha bullosae studied, extensive type was the commonest followed by bulbous and lamellar variety.
Discussion
Although rhinosinusitis was more predominant in the extensive type of concha bullosa compared to other types, it was statistically not significant and there was no statistically significant association between any type of concha bullosa with ipsilateral rhinosinusitis either in right side or left side.
Conclusion
This study has found no statistically significant association between any type of concha bullosa with rhinosinusitis. A bigger study with larger sample size is required to better assess the strength of association between concha bullosa and rhinosinusitis.
Reliable technique of Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy – A Pilot Study
Authors: Das Sudip Kumar , Das Chiranjib , Maiti Amit Bikram , Guha Ruma , Chowdhury Subhendu 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Over last two decades endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy has gained popularity over external dacryocystorhinostomy for post-canalicular obstruction. But the success rate is not very satisfactory. Our objective is to describe a technique where near 100% success can be achieved.
Materials and Methods
The study was conducted on 92 patients over 4 years and 6 months. The technique we describe involves creation of a large ostium, creation and apposition of nasal and lacrimal sac mucosal flaps. All the patients were under regular follow-up for12 months after operation. We also compared our result with other techniques.
Results
The neo-ostium was well healed and free flow of normal saline was seen in 90 cases (97.83%) post-operatively. In one case there was ostium fibrosis and in another case granulations were seen.
Conclusion
For the past few decades many approaches have been tried for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. But the long term success rates have not been satisfactory. Our technique of creating large stoma and proper mucosal apposition, when done properly gives near 100% success.
Review of the Multidisciplinary Voice Clinic in a District General Hospital of the United Kingdom
Authors: Evans Louise Marie , Beca Parry Haf , Patterson Helen , Mohan Alagar Chandra 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
The Voice Clinic is a multidisciplinary specialist voice clinic. Our aim is to review patient demographics, subjective symptoms both at presentation and 16 months post clinic and patient satisfaction.

Methods
A retrospective review of all pre treatment voice clinic questionnaires for all new patients who attended the voice clinic over a 3-month period. A telephone interview was conducted 16 months after first presentation to determine patient satisfaction and whether patient’s symptoms had improved.

Results
A total of 25 patients who had completed a pre clinic questionnaire were identified, 17/25 completed the follow up interview. 88% of patients reported symptoms of ≥ 6 months duration. 41% underwent Speech and Language Therapy (SALT), 24% had medical management, 6% surgery, and 30% were given advice only. On a severity scale of 1- 10 (10 most severe) 40% rated their voice severity to be ≥5/10 at presentation, 16 months later this was 11% of patients. 56% rated the impact of their voice on their life to be ≥ 5/10 at presentation, 16 months later this was 6%.

Conclusion

Although limited the review shows that for the majority of patients their symptoms and quality of life improved after review at the multidisciplinary clinic.
Use of Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Scale in Objective Evaluation of Symptomological Improvement in Post Septoplasty Patients
Authors: Saha Mukulika , Banerjee Shoham , Hembrom Rabi , Sen Indranil 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
The complaint of nasal obstruction or difficulty in nasal breathing is highly subjective. Benefits of Septoplasty, as perceived by the patient, also varies widely with subjective satisfaction ranging from complete alleviation of symptoms to a total failure.
Materials and Methods
Fifty three patients above 18 years of age, with anatomical deviation of the nasal septum as the sole cause of obstruction and symptoms persisting for more than 3 months, underwent septoplasty. Nasal endoscopy was done for Mladina typing of the nasal septal deviation. Pre and post operative NOSE (Nasal Obstruction & Symptom Evaluation) score were analysed.
Results
Mean preoperative NOSE score was 11.98 ±1.23. On the 6th and 12th postoperative week follow up NOSE score was 3.13±1.30 & 1.05±0.87 respectively with p value <0.05.
Conclusion
Mladina typing along with NOSE score will help in letting the patient know about his or her expected outcome following septoplasty.
Total Laryngectomy in Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Malignancy
Authors: Shetty Hamsa , S Sridhara , KS Gangadhara 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal malignancies are associated with significant morbidity and mortality for the patients with associated financial burden for the society. Recommended treatment for such malignancies includes total laryngectomy or total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy with or without neck dissection, radiotherapy (RT) alone or surgery followed by radio therapy and combined chemotherapy (CT) with radiotherapy (CCRT).
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study was conducted over a period of 5 years, in a tertiary care institute with aim to study the incidence of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal malignancy over a period of 5 years in a tertiary care institute, to assess the proportion of patients who agreed to undergo the proposed modality of treatment with surgery and post-operative radiotherapy, to note the post operative complications and also to assess the 5 year survival of the patients who completed the prescribed regimen.
Result
This study highlights the large gap between the high incidence of this disease (a total of 170 cases of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal malignancy diagnosed in our hospital over a five year period ) and the low turnover of patients actually undergoing surgery for the same (8 out of 38 patients who were advised surgery underwent the same).
Discussion
Vast majority of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal malignancies are squamous cell carcinomas. Though 47 proved cases of hypopharyngeal malignancy and 36 proved cases of laryngeal malignancy were assessed, only 8 patients agreed to undergo surgery, indicating a large disparity between disease burden and treatment beneficiaries, despite an excellent 5 yr survival rate.
Conclusion
The results of this study emphasized the need for increased awareness regarding the favourable surgical outcome when associated with post-operative radiotherapy. A very high five year survival rate can be achieved by combined modality treatment. Late presentation and lack of awareness about the disease are significant hindrances for management of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal malignancy.
Endoscopic Management of Inverted Papilloma Using CT Scan as the Predictor of Tumour Origin
Authors: Roy Ravi , Bhalla Vijay , Mathur Ankit , Ramakrishnan N 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Inverted papillomas are notorious for recurrence. The surgical cause attributed to recurrence is failure to achieve good surgical exposure and inadequate clearance of disease. Pre-operative prediction about the site of origin by CT Scan may contribute to a better surgical outcome. This study was undertaken to assess if focal hyperostosis on pre-operative CT scan can be considered to be a predictor of the site of tumour origin and correlate with endoscopic finding of the site of origin.
Materials and Method
A prospective descriptive study was carried out between Jan 2014 and May 2016. Fifteen patients of histopathologically proven inverted papilloma that reported during this time period were evaluated using contrast enhanced CT Scan and subsequently underwent endoscopic excision of tumour identifying the tumour origin. Assessment of age, gender, symptoms, pre-operative staging, location of the tumour origin on CT Scan and surgical correlation of origin was done. Post-operative follow-up was done at 1 month, 3 months and 6 monthly thereafter.
Results
Six (40%) were classified as Krouse II and nine (60%) were classified as Krouse III. 12 (80%) arising from maxillary sinus, 02 (13.3%) arising from maxillary sinus and anterior ethmoids and 01 (6.7%) from sphenoid. Thirteen (86.7%) cases CT scan could predict the tumour origin which was confirmed during surgery. All cases managed by endoscopic technique with no recurrence or co-existence of malignancy.
Discussion
Focal hyperostosis in the walls of paranasal sinus is seen to be associated with IP tumour origin, the cause of which is not fully understood. It is hypothesized that tumour induced inflammation at the site of origin leads to bone remodeling and increased bone deposition with vascularity at the site of attachment.
Conclusion
CT scan is a good predictor of tumour origin and a conservative endoscopic approach can be planned accordingly for complete clearance of disease.
Intratympanic Methylprednisolone Injection as First Line Therapy for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Patar Mukul , Sangma Rupanjita 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Steroid therapy is considered to be the gold standard for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Delivering steroids by intratympanic injection is more efficient than systemic injections with minimum or no side effects. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intratympanic methylprednisolone injections as initial first line therapy for unilateral idiopathic SSNHL and the ease of giving it by otoendoscopy.
Materials and Methods
A prospective analysis was performed for the patients diagnosed as unilateral idiopathic SSNHL from April 2014 to April 2016 and receiving intratympanic steroids injections as first line therapy. Patients with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss of at least 30 dB at 3 contiguous frequencies occurring within a period of not more than 3 days are only included. All of the intratympanic steroid (ITS) injections were administered as OPD procedures. Each patient was treated by 3 injections given at 3 days interval.
Results
A total of 22 patients who underwent primary intratympanic steroid (ITS) injection for unilateral SSNHL during the study period were included in the study. The mean age was 42.22 years (+ 9.79) and age ranged from 27 to 68 years. Patients included in our study came within 2nd to 27th day of occurrence of deafness and the mean duration (days) from onset of disease to start of ITS was 7.86 days. The average hearing gain in our study was 44.22 dB. In the present study 11 patients (50%) showed complete hearing improvement and 10 cases (45.45%) had partial and one (4.54%) showed no hearing recovery at 3 weeks follow up period.
Conclusion
Minimal systemic absorption with minimum or no systemic effects and high percentage of success rate encouraged the surgeons to prefer ITS as primary therapy for idiopathic unilateral SSNHL. It is effective, cheap, well-tolerated and can be performed as OPD procedure.
Simultaneous Bilateral Type I Tympanoplasty as a Day Care Procedure
Authors: Sahu Abhishek Vijay , Datta Dhrubajyoti , Talukdar Jeumon , Dutta Narendranath 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Bilateral same day type I tympanoplasty scores over unilateral type I tympanoplasty in terms of convenience and conservation of resources but, it is rarely performed because of theoretical risk of postoperative sensorineural deafness.
Materials and Methods
A total of 60 patients with central perforation of tympanic membrane of both ears were included in this study. Thirty patients had undergone unilateral type I tympanoplasty and an equal number of patients were treated with bilateral type I tympanoplasty in the same sitting. The results were compared to evaluate the advantages and efficacy of single sitting bilateral type I tympanoplasty with unilateral type I tympanoplasty.
Result
Perforation closure was successful in 94.6% and 93.3% ears while hearing improvement in 82.1% and 86.6% in group I (bilateral tympanoplasty) and group II (unilateral tympanoplasty) respectively. Mean hearing gain for successfully operated ears in group I (both left and right) and group II is 18.1 dB and 16.5 dB. None of the patients developed iatrogenic sensorineural hearing loss.
Discussion
Bilateral perforations of the TM is a common finding and CSOM is found to be the most common cause in more than 90% of patients. The outcome of bilateral single stage tympanoplasty is sparse in the literature. Most of the reports pertain to unilateral operations with average success rates of about 60–100 %.
Conclusion
Single sitting bilateral type I tympanoplasty by transcanal routes is safe day care procedure with a high success rate.
A Rare Presentation of Cavernous Hemangioma of Both Inferior Turbinates
Authors: Salimath KN , Ramakrishnan N , Galagali JR 
Published: August 2020

The nasal cavity presents with various types of neoplasms, including epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. Cavernous hemangioma of nasal cavity is quite rare. It usually presents as a unilateral mass arising from mucosa of nasal cavity.
Case Report
We describe here, a case of 25-year-old serving soldier, who was referred to our hospital with a mass in both nasal cavities with bilateral nasal obstruction. On examination, the mass originated from the inferior aspect of inferior turbinate of both sides. Subsequently on histological examination after complete endoscopic excision revealed that the mass was a cavernous hemangioma arising from both inferior turbinates.
Discussion
To our knowledge, this is the first case of cavernous hemangioma arising from both inferior turbinate reported in literature.
Recurrent Parotitis due to Parotid Duct Calculi
Authors: Banerjee Pranabashish , Barman Debasis , Pakira Braja Ballav 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Recurrent parotitis is frequently encountered in Otolaryngology practice. Parotid calculi, however is extremely uncommon as compared to submandibular calculi. Hence parotid duct calculi as a cause of recurrent parotitis need a special emphasis.
Case Report
We present here a rare case of recurrent parotitis due to parotid duct calculi in a 35 yr old female patient, who initially had presented to ENT OPD with recurrent pain and swelling for last eight months. Clinical examination was suggestive of calculi in the left parotid duct area which was confirmed by relevant radiological evaluation including USG, CT scan and parotid sialography. Patient was treated by superficial parotidectomy along with removal of the calculi from the parotid duct.
Discussion
Calculi arising from the submandibular duct and gland are well established and quite easy to diagnose, but parotid calculi are quite unheard of in clinical practice. According to Western literature, parotid calculi account for 15-20% of all salivary gland calculi. We present here the case along with the relevant review of the literature.
Does Nasal Obstruction Increase Heart Rate?
Authors: Keshavamurthy Venkatesha Belur , Shekharappa Munish Kambathatti , Beesanahalli Yogeesha , Maradi Nagaraj , Kori Priya Rani 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Nasal obstruction is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). OSA is associated with mean heart rate (HR) variations in wakefulness and in sleep. Early intervention has proven to reduce cardiovascular morbidity in OSA patients. In spite of various confounding factors HR measurement has been utilised as an independent predictor of mortality. The influence of severity of nasal obstruction on HR has not been studied in the literature. This study aims to clarify the influence of severity of nasal obstruction on HR.
Materials and Methods
We examined 55 patients aged less than 50 years with no previous cardiac complaints, who underwent overnight oxygen saturation and HR monitoring. The patients were divided into Mild, Moderate and Severe Nasal Obstruction group depending on NOSE scale grading.
Results
There was no statistically significant difference in the Mean HR, Min HR, Max HR, and Max-Min HR in mild, moderate or severe nasal obstruction groups.
Discussion
The role of nasal obstruction in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and the importance of HR as predictor of cardiovascular morbidity have been discussed. The studies on the heart rate in nasal obstruction and OSA were reviewed.
Conclusion
Nasal obstruction does not influence the heart rate.