bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When is happy also prosocial? The relationship between happiness and social orientation depends on trust, agency and communion
Authors: Jasielska Dorota , Rajchert Joanna 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundA number of studies show that being happy is linked to many benefits for the subject. Can it also be associated with prosocial behaviour? Several studies confirm the existence of the glow of goodwill, but this effect is mainly a result of experimentally induced positive emotions. We aimed to investigate whether various forms of well-being are linked with social value orientations and to what extent it depends on individual differences regarding trust, agency and communion.Participants and procedureA total of 284 students (56% women) participated in the study. First, their social orientation was assessed. Then, they completed the following measures: the Subjective Happiness Scale, the Psychological Well-being Scale, the Gen-eralized Trust Scale and the Agency-Communion Scale.ResultsThe results revealed that the association between happiness and prosocial orientation was significant and positive, but only in the case of high trust and when agency and communion were controlled for. When psychological well-being was applied as a predictor, high trusters were more prosocial and low trusters were more selfish, irrespective of their levels of agency and communion.ConclusionsOur study indicates that the relationship between social orientation and various expressions of wellbeing (such as happiness and psychological wellbeing) is complex and that it should be analysed with reference to the level of trust.
Lonely and thinking about the past: the role of time perspectives, Big Five traits and perceived social support in loneliness of young adults during COVID-19 social distancing
Authors: Nowakowska Iwona 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundIn the spring of 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Polish government introduced a policy of social distancing. Being apart from one’s social network had the potential to evoke feelings of loneliness. The aim of the study was to find out how time perspectives might contribute to feeling lonely during the social distancing period, controlling for Big Five personality traits and perceived social support.Participants and procedureThe study was online, questionnaire-based and cross-sectional (N = 964) and was conducted among young adults (aged 18-35) at the end of the third week of social distancing in Poland.ResultsThe results suggested that the Past-Negative time perspective remained significant predictor of loneliness when controlling for Big Five traits and perceived social support. Emotional stability, extroversion and perceived social support were also significant predictors of low loneliness.ConclusionsNegative beliefs about the past may contribute to experiencing greater loneliness when being apart from one’s social network.
Comparison and association of acute physiological and posturographic effects in four exercises on stable and unstable surfaces with or without partial blood flow restriction
Authors: Bahamondes-Avila Carlos , Ponce-Fuentes Felipe , Hernández-Mosqueira Claudio , Bustos-Medina Luis , Navarrete Luis Antonio Salazar , Berral de la Rosa Francisco José 
Published: January 2021

PurposePrior research has shown that running squats on unstable surfaces may be useful in increasing antagonist muscle
and body centre activity; nonetheless, the evidence for improved muscle strength-power is contradictory. In parallel, low-intensity strength training with partial blood flow restriction is effective in developing strength, hypertrophy, and muscular
endurance. Combining both modalities could complement the benefits of exercising on unstable surface. Our objective was
to compare the acute effects of 4 exercise types with or without partial blood flow restriction under stable and unstable
conditions.MethodsSeven volunteers performed 4 protocols: exercises with high-intensity overload and stable conditions, low-intensity
overload with blood flow restriction and stable conditions, unstable conditions without blood flow restriction, and unstable conditions with blood flow restriction. At the beginning, end, and recovery of each protocol, physiological variables were measured:
heart rate, subjective perception of effort, blood lactate, and posturographic variables (total distance with eyes open and closed).ResultsExercises with stable surfaces generated greater physiological stress than both exercises on unstable surfaces.
Furthermore, incorporating blood flow restriction into unstable exercise allowed an increase in the physiological demand
without altering postural balance. There were only significant changes in postural balance in the high-intensity protocol
with stable conditions.ConclusionsExercises combining partial blood flow restriction on stable and unstable surfaces increase the physiological demands without altering postural balance compared with high-intensity exercise on a stable surface.
Conventional disease-modifying agents in rheumatoid arthritis – a review of their current use and role in treatment algorithms
Authors: Padjen Ivan , Reihl Crnogaj Mirna , Anić Branimir 
Published: January 2021

Despite the development of targeted therapies, conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) remain the cornerstone of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A litera­ture search was conducted on treatment recommendations and relevant papers regarding new insights on therapeutics in rheumatoid arthritis. Methotrexate is considered the “anchor drug” due to its high efficacy as monotherapy and in combination with other conventional and targeted agents. Leflunomide and sulfasalazine are sound alternatives, whereas (hydroxy)chloroquine is primarily used in combination with other csDMARDs.<br />
Their use is encouraged in all treatment phases – in combination with targeted agents, and with other csDMARDs. Combining different csDMARDs is especially attractive in lower income settings given the evidence proving (almost) equal efficacy and safety of the csDMARD combination approach compared to the combination of targeted agents with a csDMARD.<br />
The aim of this review is to provide a clinically oriented insight into the pharmacology of each csDMARD and their place in treatment algorithms.
The complement system in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: the expression of certain cascade and regulatory proteins in labial salivary glands – observational study
Authors: Legatowicz-Koprowska Marta , Nitek Stanisław , Czerwińska Jolanta 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionThe complement cascade and regulatory proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of the Sjögren’s syndrome and other autoimmune diseases. The complement activation via the alternative pathway was recognized as a major pathogenic mechanism in autoimmune conditions. The aim of this study was to assess expression of complement cascade components and regulatory proteins in minor salivary glands in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS).Material and methodsThe expression of C1q and C5b-9 – membrane attack complex and regu­latory proteins such as: membrane cofactor protein (MCP), decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and protectin were examined using immunochemistry method in specimens from biopsy of minor salivary glands in pSS patients. The biopsy material was obtained from 20 pSS patients, 5 patients with non-specific sialadenitis and from 5 patients with suspicion of dryness syndrome without sialadenitis confirmation.ResultsNone of the examined samples showed the expression of C1q or the effector C5b-9. Membrane cofactor protein expression was lower in pSS group than in both non-specific sialadenitis and noninflamed salivary glands. The inflammatory cells in pSS samples partially expressed MCP. There were differences in the sites and intensity of membrane protectin expression exclusively on the luminal surfaces in pSS; on the luminal and, partially, antiluminal surface in non-specific inflammation, and on the entire cell surface in unaffected salivary glands. There were no DAF expression in salivary gland tissue in biopsy specimens in all studied subjects.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated the absence of complement-cascade proteins (C1q, MAC) in the salivary glands of pSS patients, which may indicated a lack of local complement activation via the classical pathway and the observed gland tissue damage being due to a mechanism other than MAC-induced cytolysis. The differences in the expression of complement regulatory proteins between pSS, non-specific sialadenitis, and normal salivary glands may indicate that alternative functions of these regulatory proteins may be of greater significance in pSS. Low MCP expression in pSS in comparison with non-specific sialadenitis and normal salivary glands, may suggest altered modu­lation of cell-mediated immunity in pSS. The differences in the location and intensity of protectin (CD59) expression indicates a possibility of reducing the proinflammatory effect of protectin in pSS.
Efficacy and predictive factors of response to intra-articular corticosteroids in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Heidari Parnaz , Heidari Behzad , Babaei Mansour 
Published: January 2021

In knee osteoarthritis (KOA), synovial inflammation is linked with pain, swelling and structural abnormalities. Intra-articular corticosteroids (IACS) have been considered for pain relief in subjects who are non-responders to standard therapy. However, the results vary across different studies. This review aims to determine efficacy of IACS in KOA by review of the existing data.<br />
In several randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses and uncontrolled studies a single IACS resulted in pain relief from 1 to a few weeks. In a few studies repeated IACS every three months provided a longer duration of pain relief and functional improvement in a proportion of patients. Baseline synovitis was predictor of treatment response in some but not all studies. <br />
Based upon the existing data, IACS provides a short-term pain relief in a proportion of patients. Given, anti-inflammatory properties of IACS, it is likely to be more effective in subgroups of KOA who display inflammatory phenotype.
De duistere wereld van hondengevechten
Authors: van Wijk Anton , Endenburg Nienke , van Uhm Daan , Siegel Dina 
Published: January 2021

The dark world of dogfighting
Organizing dog fights is prohibited in the Netherlands. In such fights, two dogs have to fight each other, sometimes to the death. The animal suffering behind this is enormous. Little is known in the Netherlands about the phenomenon of dog fighting, both from a scientific point of view and through criminal cases. In this contribution, we outline the world behind dog fights by describing how dog fights work, who are part of the entourage and within which criminal infrastructure the dog fights take place. Finally, the problem is discussed and the current approach by the appropriate authorities is discussed and which gaps can be discovered.
Over mensen, dieren en beesten
Authors: Janssen Janine , Kolthoff Emile 
Published: January 2021

About humans, animals and beasts. The use of metaphors in the debate on racism
Racism is related to the process of ‘othering’. Individual people or groups can be described as ‘other’ by depicting them as ‘beasts’. In another form of othering accusations of maltreatment of other than human animals play an important role: awful people abuse innocent animals. Next to that concepts like ‘genocide’ and ‘slavery’ are nowadays used in order to describe the way humans treat other animals. All of this influences the debate on racism.
Homoseksuele leraar op een orthodox-protestantse school?
Authors: Rijke Niels 
Published: January 2021

Homosexual teacher at an orthodox Protestant school in The Netherlands?
Whether homosexual teachers can work at an orthodox Protestant school in The Netherlands is regularly subject of societal debate. The Equal Treatment Law (1994) prohibits discrimination on the ground of homosexual orientation. How this works out in practice differs per denomination (type of school) and shifts over time in the direction of increasing acceptance. Within orthodox Protestant schools room is increasing to come out of the closet. Within certain schools there is increasing room for homosexual relationships, although opinions within these schools often differ and hence may also lead to conflict.
Huwelijkse gevangenschap onder Nederlands-Pakistaanse moslims
Authors: Wapstra Diewertje 
Published: January 2021

Marital captivity among Dutch-Pakistani Muslims An analysis of religious and socio-cultural factors
While the legal path to ending marital captivity has been cleared, socio-cultural obstacles continue to prevent victims from going to court. This article focuses on the religious and socio-cultural elements within the Dutch-Pakistani community that promote the continued existence of marital captivity, thereby zooming in on the importance of the nikah, the prevalence of (transnational) arranged marriages, and the concept of family honor.
Environmental Evaluation of Surfactant: Case Study in Sediment of Tigris River, Iraq
Authors: R. Al-Ani Rana , M. Hassan Fikrat , Hameed M. Jawad Al-Obaidy Abdul 
Published: January 2021

Many chemical pollutants take their way into different environment ecosystems. One of these pollutants is detergent, which these compounds used widely worldwide. There is less attention to their impact on the Iraqi environment, especially on an aquatic system; most of these compounds discharged into the river directly by non-urban communities, in addition to household uses that it had spent throughout the domestic drainage systems. Tigris river is the primary source of water in Baghdad City, Iraq, and passes throughout Baghdad city north to south of the city. This chapter deal with the qualitative and quantitative of these compounds in the sediment as it’s considered the sink of most pollutant compounds. The four sampling sites were chosen along the river for 13 months, starting from Feb 2017 to Feb 2018 and represent as dry and wet seasons. Physicochemical parameters had measured during this study. For the sediment sample, two methods used Photolab and HPLC. The two types of surfactants were extracted from the sediment as follows anionic and nonionic surfactants which they had found at all the study sites, especially in some locations in the midstream. For temporal variation, the dry seasons noticed a high concentration for nonionic surfactant (56.19 and 467.3 μg/g) by Photolab and HPLC, respectively, and for anionic surfactant (135.74 μg/g) by HPLC. In contrast, by Photolab, only anionic surfactant was recorded a high concentration in wet seasons (72.05 μg/g). The lowest frequency of anionic and nonionic was recorded in wet seasons by Photolab and HPLC, respectively (41.83 μg/g and not detectable) unless for NS by HPLC in the dry season (10.80 μg/g). For spatial variation which according to the cluster diagram, the highest concentration for anionic and nonionic surfactants by Photolab had recorded (57.88 and 34.32 μg/g, respectively) at site1, while for HPLC anionic and nonionic surfactants was recorded highest values (48.37 and 235.79, respectively) at site 4. From this study concluded that sites 1 and 4 are the most pollutant than other sites because the activity of discharge of pollution.
Study of Water and Sediment Quality in the Bay of Dakhla, Morocco: Physico-Chemical Quality and Metallic Contamination
Authors: Anhichem Mimouna , Benbrahim Samir 
Published: January 2021

The present study contributes to the evaluation of the impact of the various activities developed around the Bay of Dakhla in Morocco through the study of the physico-chemical quality of the waters and sediments of the Bay. For this purpose, a spatial and temporal monitoring of the physicochemical and metallic pollution indicator parameters was conducted between May 2014 and March 2015. The main physicochemical descriptors of water quality were monitored, namely: temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved O2, nutrients (ammonium, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates) and chlorophyll (a). A qualification of the waters of the Bay was drawn up based on water quality assessment grids. The quality of the sediments was assessed through the determination of granulometry, the total organic carbon content and the contents of the main metallic trace elements (cadmium, lead, mercury, chromium, copper and zinc). The results of the present study show the beginning of nutrient enrichment of the water bodies of the bay, especially the stations located near the urban area, where 1.83 mg l−1 of nitrates, 0.37 mg l−1 of phosphate and 7.42 μg l−1 of chlorophyll (a) were recorded. For the sediment, the maximum concentrations of metallic trace elements were recorded in the station near the harbour basin. These results allowed to establish a quality grid for the waters of the bay, generally qualified as “Good”, except for the sites located near the urban area for which the quality is qualified as “Average”. The sediment quality of the bay was assessed according to the criteria established by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. The levels of metallic trace elements remain below the toxicity thresholds, except for the sediments taken from the harbour basin.
Evaluation of QTc Interval Effects of Antipsychotic Medications for Intensive Care Unit Delirium in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Hutchins Lisa M. , Shipman Andrakeia , Zimmerman Kanecia O. , Heath Travis S. 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE
Intensive care unit delirium is an increasingly recognized problem in pediatric patients. Controversy exists regarding the safety and efficacy of antipsychotic medications for this indication. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of and risk factors for QTc interval prolongation in pediatric patients treated with antipsychotics for ICU delirium.

METHODS
Retrospective chart review of pediatric patients admitted to the pediatric ICU or pediatric cardiac ICU and diagnosed with ICU delirium between October 1, 2014, and October 31, 2015. Patients were included if they received at least 1 dose of an antipsychotic for the treatment of delirium after a positive screen using the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scoring tool.

RESULTS
For the 26 patients included, the median change in QTc interval on treatment was −4 msecs. Two patients (8%) had QTc interval prolongation while on antipsychotic therapy. No risk factors were identified in these 2 patients that put them at increased risk for QTc interval prolongation.

CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of QTc interval prolongation in pediatric patients who were treated with antipsychotics for ICU delirium was low. There is need for future research to determine which pediatric patients are at risk for QTc interval prolongation when antipsychotic medications are used for the treatment of ICU delirium.
Occurrence of Hyperbilirubinemia in Neonates Given a Short-term Course of Ceftriaxone versus Cefotaxime for Sepsis
Authors: Hile Garrett B. , Musick Kaitlin L. , Dugan Adam J. , Bailey Abby M. , Howington Gavin T. 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE
Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime are appealing options for the treatment of neonatal infections. Guidelines recommend cefotaxime as the cephalosporin of choice in neonates because of ceftriaxone's potential to cause hyperbilirubinemia. Unfortunately, due to cefotaxime discontinuation, providers must choose between alternative antibiotics. Clinicians at our institution adopted a protocol allowing for the utilization of cefepime and ceftriaxone for the management of neonatal sepsis. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia between ceftriaxone and cefotaxime in the treatment of neonatal infections beyond the first 14 days of life.

METHODS
This was a retrospective chart review of patients receiving ceftriaxone or cefotaxime for the treatment of neonatal infections. Patients were 15 to 30 days old at the time of antimicrobial administration and received at least 1 dose of ceftriaxone or cefotaxime during hospital admission. Patient characteristics and bilirubin levels were compared between ceftriaxone and cefotaxime.

RESULTS
The analysis included 88 patients. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in age, gestational age, weight, and baseline total calcium and bilirubin levels. Normal baseline bilirubin levels increased to an abnormal level after antibiotic administration in 2 patients in the cefotaxime group and 1 patient in the ceftriaxone group. The median number of doses of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were 3 and 2, respectively.

CONCLUSION
Patients who received a short-term course of ceftriaxone did not have a higher likelihood of developing hyperbilirubinemia compared with those who received a short-term course of cefotaxime during their hospital stay.
A New Cost Management System for Construction Projects to increase Competitiveness and Traceability in a Project Environment
Authors: Toosi Hossein , Chamikarpour Arezou 
Published: January 2021

Un nuevo sistema de gestión de costes de proyectos de construcción para aumentar la competitividad y la trazabilidad para entornos de proyectos.
El objetivo principal de la investigación es utilizar nuevos métodos de cálculo de costes en los proyectos de construcción para reducir y controlar las desviaciones de costes y algunas limitaciones que presentan los modelos tradicionales. La hipótesis de la investigación se basa en la capacidad sinérgica del cálculo de costes basado en actividades centradas en el rendimiento, en combinación con el método de cálculo de costes objetivo para fomentar la competitividad del sistema de control de costes para entornos de proyectos. El método se elaboró para controlar los gastos directos y generales del proyecto durante su ejecución. Se realizó una entrevista con 26 directores financieros en dos o cuatro ocasiones entre junio de 2016 y mayo de 2017 con el fin de validar y modificar el método. Siguiendo una entrevista semiestructurada, el método propuesto contribuyó a aumentar la precisión, la certidumbre y la rastreabilidad de los costes y proporcionó la integridad del sistema contable, técnico y operacional. Además, se analizan las desviaciones y se reducen los costes al considerar las condiciones competitivas y estratégicas. También se limita el coste objetivo de los paquetes de trabajo y se genera una alerta al finalizar cada uno de ellos. Además, de acuerdo con el test de Friedman, existe una capacidad competitiva significativa en comparación con el método convencional de control de costes en los proyectos y también se aplica en un estudio de caso.
This research proposed a new method for project cost management based on Competitiveness and traceability in a case study and operational situation. The research hypothesis is based on the synergistic ability of performance focused activity-based costing in combination of the target costing method for encouraging competitiveness cost control system for project environments. The method was developed to control, direct and overhead costs of the project during its progress. Also, it uses the feature of activity-driven and different resource drivers to determine the types of costs with the effect of time driver for each activity. An interview was conducted with financial managers during two to four times with the aim of validating and modifying the method. According to a semi-structured interview, the proposed method contributed to increase the precision, certainty, traceability of costs and provided the integrity of the accounting, technical and operational system. It also analyzes deviations and reduces costs by considering competitive and strategic conditions. It's also limiting the target cost of work packages and causing an alarm on the completion of each. According to Friedman test, there is a meaningful competitive ability compared to the conventional cost control method in the projects and it is also implemented in a case study.