bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Digitalisation on Employment Relationships and the Need for more Democracy at Work
Authors: Pärli Kurt 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The world of labour is in transformation due to automation, digitalisation and platform work. Digitalisation is changing the classic relationship between employer and employee; this also affects workers’ participation rights within the company. New forms of work demand very high self-organisation and active commitment on the part of employees to solving process problems and optimising processes. If at the same time management and organisational structures remain largely top-down and employees hardly have any say, this is contradictory. Co-determination is a central component of qualified work. Without the expansion of democratic processes within the company, the opportunities offered by digitalisation will not be fully exploited. Digital processes require cooperation across technical, departmental, and hierarchical boundaries, which must inevitably lead to the democratisation of company decisions. Digitalisation may also act as a catalyst for the dormant debate about “democracy in the workplace”.
HFE at the frontiers of COVID-19. Human factors/ergonomics to support the communication for safer care in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Albolino Sara , Dagliana Giulia , Tanzini Michela , Beleffi Elena , Ranzani Francesco , Flore Elisabetta 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Italy was the first country after China to be affected by COVID-19. The wave of the emergency found our country unprepared to cope with the surge of patients going to first aid departments to seek assistance in the almost complete paralysis of community health. Human factors and ergonomics (HFE) can effectively contribute to, and improve the effectiveness of, a pandemic response working on several key areas: training, adapting workflows and processes, restructuring teams and tasks, effective mechanisms and tools for communication, engaging patients and families and learning from failures and successes. In Italy, HFE expertise has been able to provide our healthcare systems with some easy-to-realize solutions (particularly dedicated to improving communication, team work and situational awareness) in order to cope with the need for rapid adaptations to new and unknown scenarios: ensuring information and communication continuity in the different levels of the healthcare system; identifying hazard opportunity through risk management tool; providing training through simulation; organizing regular briefing and debriefing; enhancing the reporting and learning system as an informal way of communicating adverse events and supporting information campaign and education initiatives for the public.
The Oil Nouveau-Riche and Arms Imports
Authors: Vézina Pierre-Louis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Countries that strike it rich when exploring for oil and gas often fail to see growth materialise. This paper shows that one way things can go awry is via squandering new wealth, based on future resource revenues, on arms imports. Across developing countries, in the 5 years following a giant oil or gas discovery, arms imports increase by 30% on average. This effect only occurs in non-democracies with high levels of corruption, and there is suggestive evidence that it is driven in part by arms imports from China and Russia, and not by imports from other major arms exporters. These estimates can be interpreted causally as the timing of giant oil discoveries is unpredictable due to the uncertain nature of exploration.
Binding of collagen gene products with titanium oxide
Authors: Song Qin , Iku Shouhei , Sammons Rachel , Yagami Kimitoshi , Furusawa Toshitake , Morimoto Koichi , Rahaman Md Shiblur , Kurasaki Masaaki , Tokura Seiichi , Kuboki Yoshinori 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Titanium is the only metal to which osteoblasts can adhere and on which they can grow and form bone tissue in vivo, resulting in a strong bond between the implant and living bone. This discovery provides the basis for the universal medical application of Ti. However, the biochemical mechanism of bond formation is still unknown. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism of bond formation between collagen, which constitutes the main organic component of bone, and TiO2, of which the entire surface of pure Ti is composed. We analysed the binding between the soluble collagen and TiO2 by chromatography with a column packed with Ti beads of 45 µm, and we explored the association between collagen fibrils and TiO2 (anatase) powders of 0.2 µm. We ran the column of chromatography under various elution conditions. We demonstrated that there is a unique binding affinity between Ti and collagen. This binding capacity was not changed even in the presence of the dissociative solvent 2M urea, but it decreased after heat denaturation of collagen, suggesting the contribution of the triple-helical structure. We propose a possible role of periodically occurring polar amino acids and the collagen molecules in the binding with TiO2.
Cutaneous Thermal Injury Modulates Blood and Skin Metabolomes Differently in a Murine Model
Authors: Alkhalil Abdulnaser , Ball Robert L , Garg Gaurav , Day Anna , Carney Bonnie C , Kumar Raina , Hammamieh Rasha , Moffatt Lauren T , Shupp Jeffrey W 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As the field of metabolomics develops further, investigations of how the metabolome is affected following thermal injury may be helpful to inform diagnostics and guide treatments. In this study, changes to the metabolome were tested and validated in a murine burn injury model. After a 30% total body surface scald injury or sham procedure sera and skin biopsies were collected at 1, 2, 6, or 24 hr.
Burn-specific changes in the metabolome were detected compared to sham animals. The sera metabolome exhibited a more rapid response to burn injury than that of the skin and it peaked more proximal to injury (6 vs 24 hr). Progression of metabolic response in the skin was less synchronous and showed a higher overlap of the significantly modified metabolites (SMMs) among tested time-points. Top affected pathways identified by SMMs of skin included inositol phosphate metabolism, ascorbate and alderate metabolism, caffeine metabolism, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Future research is warranted in human and larger animal models to further elucidate the role of metabolomic perturbations and the pathophysiology following burn injury.
Aedes Albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility Status to Agrochemical Insecticides Used in Durian Planting Systems in Southern Thailand
Authors: Ratisupakorn Sakda , Lorn Sokchan , Dada Nsa , Ngampongsai Aran , Chaivisit Pawit , Ritthison Wanapa , Tainchum Krajana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
High rates of dengue morbidity occur in southern Thailand. The intensive application of insecticides in orchards could affect not only agricultural insect pests, but also nontarget mosquitoes or beneficial insects. In this study, the type and quantity of insecticides commonly used across durian plantations in southern Thailand were characterized, along with the population density of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae). Our primary aim was to determine the susceptibility status of field-derived Ae. albopictus to typical application concentrations of four agrochemical insecticides; cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and imidacloprid. Mosquito eggs were collected from durian cultivation sites in five provinces in southern Thailand and used to generate adults for susceptibility tests. The cultivation sites were categorized into three groups based on insecticide application: intensive application of insecticides, low application of insecticides, and no application of insecticides. Twenty ovitraps were deployed for at least three consecutive days at each study site to collect mosquito eggs and to determine Ae. albopictus population density. WHO tube assays were used to determine the susceptibility of adult mosquitoes derived from field-collected eggs to selected insecticides. This represents the first report of the susceptibility status of Ae. albopictus from durian orchards in southern Thailand to agrochemical insecticides. Results showed complete susceptibility of these Ae. albopictus to chlorpyrifos, but reduced mortality following exposure to λ-cyhalothrin, carbaryl, and imidacloprid, which is suggestive of the development of resistance. These findings provide new insights into the status of insecticide susceptibility in Ae. albopictus populations, with important implications for mosquito and mosquito-borne disease control in Thailand.
The External Morphology of the Eggs of Culex (Culex) saltanensis (Diptera: Culicidae) Under Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Santos-Mallet J R , Balthazar T D , Oliveira A A , Marques W A , Bastos A Q , Freitas S P C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to describe the morphology of the eggs of Culex (Culex) saltanensis Dyar that occurs in the Neotropical region. Eggs of the Cx. (Cux.) saltanensis were collected at the Mata Atlântica FIOCRUZ campus, fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, prepared for mounting on metal supports, observed under a scanning electron microscope, and described morphologically. The eggs had a coniform shape with a length of approximately 0.5 mm (505–510 µm) and a width in the median portion of 117 µm (113–123 µm). Upper portion is lined with tubers of irregular shape and varying sizes (0.64–1.31 µm), located on a cross-linked matrix forming bands observed under optical microscopy. The micropyle is encased in a necklace of approximately 6.6-µm plates arranged in a flower-like shape. Comparing Cx. (Cux.) saltanensis eggs with several species of different genera, important divergent characteristics can be observed. However, this study points to the need for new descriptions of eggs of species belonging to the same subgenus in order to analyze if there will be differences between them. Culex (Cux.) saltanensis eggs have particular characteristics not observed in eggs of other Culicidae genera.
Concordance Between Tumor and Germline BRCA Status in High-Grade Ovarian Carcinoma Patients in the Phase III PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 Trial
Authors: Callens Céline , Vaur Dominique , Soubeyran Isabelle , Rouleau Etienne , Just Pierre-Alexandre , Guillerm Erell , Golmard Lisa , Goardon Nicolas , Sevenet Nicolas , Cabaret Odile , Harter Philipp , Gonzalez-Martin Antonio , Fujiwara Keiichi , Cecere Sabrina Chiara , Colombo Nicoletta , Marth Christian , Vergote Ignace , Maenpaa Johanna , Pujade-Lauraine Eric , Ray-Coquard Isabelle 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
PAOLA1 is a phase III study assessing olaparib maintenance therapy in advanced high-grade ovarian carcinoma patients responding to first-line platinum-taxane–based chemotherapy plus bevacizumab as standard of care. Randomization was stratified by treatment outcome and tumor BRCA1/2 status (tBRCA) at screening.

Methods
tBRCA was tested on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor blocks on 5 French platforms using 2 next-generation sequencing methods based either on hybrid capture or amplicon technology. One of the exploratory objectives was to assess the concordance between germline (gBRCA) and tBRCA testing in French patients. gBRCA testing was performed on blood samples on the same platforms.

Results
From May 2015 to July 2017, tBRCA tests were performed for 1176 screened patients. Only 52 (4.4%) tumor samples were noncontributive. The median interval between reception of the tumor sample and availability of the tBRCA status result was 37 days (range = 8-260). A pathogenic variant was reported in 27.1% tumor samples (319 of 1176 screened patients). tBRCA and gBRCA testing were performed for 451 French patients with negative results for both tests in 306 patients (67.8%) and positive results for both tests in 85 patients (18.8%). Only 1 large genomic rearrangement of BRCA1 was detected, exclusively in the blood sample. Interestingly, tBRCA testing revealed 6.4% of pathogenic variant (29 of 451) not detected by gBRCA testing.

Conclusions
tBRCA testing is an appropriate tool with an acceptable turnaround time for clinical practice and a low failure rate, ensuring reliable identification of patients likely to benefit from poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor therapy.
Carbon and nutrient physiology in shrubs at the upper limits: a multispecies study
Authors: Wang Xue , Yu Fei-Hai , Jiang Yong , Li Mai-He 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
Carbon and nutrient physiology of trees at their upper limits have been extensively studied, but those of shrubs at their upper limits have received much less attention. The aim of this study is to examine the general patterns of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs), nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) in shrubs at the upper limits, and to assess whether such patterns are similar to those in trees at the upper limits.

Methods
Across Eurasia, we measured the concentrations of soluble sugars, starch, total NSCs, N and P in leaves, branches and fine roots (&lt;0.5 cm in diameter) of five shrub species growing at both the upper limits and lower elevations in both summer (peak growing season) and winter (dormancy season).

Important Findings
Neither elevation nor season had significant effects on tissue N and P concentrations, except for lower P concentrations in fine roots in winter than in summer. Total NSCs and soluble sugars in branches were significantly higher in winter than in summer. There were significant interactive effects between elevation and season for total NSCs, starch, soluble sugars and the ratio of soluble sugar to starch in fine roots, showing lower soluble sugars and starch in fine roots at the upper limits than at the lower elevations in winter but not in summer. These results suggest that the carbon physiology of roots in winter may play an important role in determining the upward distribution of shrubs, like that in the alpine tree-line trees.
Rites, Rights, Rastafari! Statehood and Statecraft in Jamaica, c. 1930–1961
Authors: Osborne Myles 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article focuses on the ways Rastafari in Jamaica practiced statehood and statecraft between the 1930s and early 1960s. At times, as is well known, Rastafari rejected the authority and institutions of the colonial state in Jamaica. But archival documents also reveal the ways they came to battle against colonialism and white supremacy on their own terms. Rastas built their own versions of state institutions to recreate an alternate world beyond “Babylon.” They learned to manipulate and “work” the institutions of Babylon from law courts to the political machine in order to survive. They followed national and international news—often from Africa—and absorbed knowledge about the United Nations they could use to fight legal cases and write petitions protesting the conditions of their existence. All this suggests a novel stream of Rastafari intellectual thought and action that we must add to our understandings of the movement. Studying Rastafari in this manner—possible because of extensive research in its rich history—provides an opportunity to understand the actions of marginalized groups acting beyond the traditional nation state in the moment of decolonization.
Phenolamides in plants: an update on their function, regulation, and origin of their biosynthetic enzymes
Authors: Roumani Marwa , Besseau Sébastien , Gagneul David , Robin Christophe , Larbat Romain 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhenolamides represent a family of specialized metabolites, consisting of the association of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives with aliphatic or aromatic amines. Since the discovery of the first phenolamide in the late 1940s, decades of phytochemical analyses have revealed a high structural diversity for this family and a wide distribution in the plant kingdom. The occurrence of structurally diverse phenolamides in almost all plant organs has led to early hypotheses on their involvement in floral initiation and fertility, as well as plant defense against biotic and abiotic stress. In the present work, we critically review the literature ascribing functional hypotheses to phenolamides and recent evidence on the control of their biosynthesis in response to biotic stress. We additionally provide a phylogenetic analysis of the numerous N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferases involved in the synthesis of phenolamides and discuss the potential role of other enzyme families in their diversification. The data presented suggest multiple evolutionary events that contributed to the extension of the taxonomic distribution and diversity of phenolamides.
Convergent Rewiring of the Virulence Regulatory Network Promotes Adaptation of Ralstonia solanacearum on Resistant Tomato
Authors: Gopalan-Nair Rekha , Jardinaud Marie-Françoise , Legrand Ludovic , Landry David , Barlet Xavier , Lopez-Roques Céline , Vandecasteele Céline , Bouchez Olivier , Genin Stéphane , Guidot Alice 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The evolutionary and adaptive potential of a pathogen is a key determinant for successful host colonization and proliferation but remains poorly known for most of the pathogens. Here, we used experimental evolution combined with phenotyping, genomics, and transcriptomics to estimate the adaptive potential of the bacterial plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum to overcome the quantitative resistance of the tomato cultivar Hawaii 7996. After serial passaging over 300 generations, we observed pathogen adaptation to within-plant environment of the resistant cultivar but no plant resistance breakdown. Genomic sequence analysis of the adapted clones revealed few genetic alterations, but we provide evidence that all but one were gain of function mutations. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that even if different adaptive events occurred in independently evolved clones, there is convergence toward a global rewiring of the virulence regulatory network as evidenced by largely overlapping gene expression profiles. A subset of four transcription regulators, including HrpB, the activator of the type 3 secretion system regulon and EfpR, a global regulator of virulence and metabolic functions, emerged as key nodes of this regulatory network that are frequently targeted to redirect the pathogen’s physiology and improve its fitness in adverse conditions. Significant transcriptomic variations were also detected in evolved clones showing no genomic polymorphism, suggesting that epigenetic modifications regulate expression of some of the virulence network components and play a major role in adaptation as well.
Repeated Evolution of Inactive Pseudonucleases in a Fungal Branch of the Dis3/RNase II Family of Nucleases
Authors: Ballou Elizabeth R , Cook Atlanta G , Wallace Edward W J 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe RNase II family of 3′–5′ exoribonucleases is present in all domains of life, and eukaryotic family members Dis3 and Dis3L2 play essential roles in RNA degradation. Ascomycete yeasts contain both Dis3 and inactive RNase II-like “pseudonucleases.” The latter function as RNA-binding proteins that affect cell growth, cytokinesis, and fungal pathogenicity. However, the evolutionary origins of these pseudonucleases are unknown: What sequence of events led to their novel function, and when did these events occur? Here, we show how RNase II pseudonuclease homologs, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ssd1, are descended from active Dis3L2 enzymes. During fungal evolution, active site mutations in Dis3L2 homologs have arisen at least four times, in some cases following gene duplication. In contrast, N-terminal cold-shock domains and regulatory features are conserved across diverse dikarya and mucoromycota, suggesting that the nonnuclease function requires these regions. In the basidiomycete pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, the single Ssd1/Dis3L2 homolog is required for cytokinesis from polyploid “titan” growth stages. This phenotype of C. neoformans Ssd1/Dis3L2 deletion is consistent with those of inactive fungal pseudonucleases, yet the protein retains an active site sequence signature. We propose that a nuclease-independent function for Dis3L2 arose in an ancestral hyphae-forming fungus. This second function has been conserved across hundreds of millions of years, whereas the RNase activity was lost repeatedly in independent lineages.
PSORTdb 4.0: expanded and redesigned bacterial and archaeal protein subcellular localization database incorporating new secondary localizations
Authors: Lau Wing Yin Venus , Hoad Gemma R , Jin Vivian , Winsor Geoffrey L , Madyan Ashmeet , Gray Kristen L , Laird Matthew R , Lo Raymond , Brinkman Fiona S L 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProtein subcellular localization (SCL) is important for understanding protein function, genome annotation, and aids identification of potential cell surface diagnostic markers, drug targets, or vaccine components. PSORTdb comprises ePSORTdb, a manually curated database of experimentally verified protein SCLs, and cPSORTdb, a pre-computed database of PSORTb-predicted SCLs for NCBI’s RefSeq deduced bacterial and archaeal proteomes. We now report PSORTdb 4.0 (http://db.psort.org/). It features a website refresh, in particular a more user-friendly database search. It also addresses the need to uniquely identify proteins from NCBI genomes now that GI numbers have been retired. It further expands both ePSORTdb and cPSORTdb, including additional data about novel secondary localizations, such as proteins found in bacterial outer membrane vesicles. Protein predictions in cPSORTdb have increased along with the number of available microbial genomes, from approximately 13 million when PSORTdb 3.0 was released, to over 66 million currently. Now, analyses of both complete and draft genomes are included. This expanded database will be of wide use to researchers developing SCL predictors or studying diverse microbes, including medically, agriculturally and industrially important species that have both classic or atypical cell envelope structures or vesicles.
VIPERdb v3.0: a structure-based data analytics platform for viral capsids
Authors: Montiel-Garcia Daniel , Santoyo-Rivera Nelly , Ho Phuong , Carrillo-Tripp Mauricio , III Charles L Brooks , Johnson John E , Reddy Vijay S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
VIrus Particle ExploreR data base (VIPERdb) (http://viperdb.scripps.edu) is a curated repository of virus capsid structures and a database of structure-derived data along with various virus specific information. VIPERdb has been continuously improved for over 20 years and contains a number of virus structure analysis tools. The release of VIPERdb v3.0 contains new structure-based data analytics tools like Multiple Structure-based and Sequence Alignment (MSSA) to identify hot-spot residues within a selected group of structures and an anomaly detection application to analyze and curate the structure-derived data within individual virus families. At the time of this writing, there are 931 virus structures from 62 different virus families in the database. Significantly, the new release also contains a standalone database called ‘Virus World database’ (VWdb) that comprises all the characterized viruses (∼181 000) known to date, gathered from ICTVdb and NCBI, and their capsid protein sequences, organized according to their virus taxonomy with links to known structures in VIPERdb and PDB. Moreover, the new release of VIPERdb includes a service-oriented data engine to handle all the data access requests and provides an interface for futuristic data analytics using machine leaning applications.