bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Break the Limits: INGOs Limitation and Learning from Amnesty International
Authors: Anindita Vinesha 
Published: August 2020

Civil society as the beginning of the notions of INGOs gives a holistic view to analyze the problem and the limit of International non-governmental organizations (INGOs) itself. Critics that arises regarding the limit of INGOs is the lack of independence of INGOs that is questionable about the possibility of the dependence of funds even from individual actor to government fund. It can reduce the roles and the functions of INGOs to act objectively. Another critic for INGOs is a complex matter for international organizations in general about the lack of accountability. So many questions about how do INGOs can be more accountable or whom INGOs should be accountable. This paper argues that accountability should not just for the donors or the government but also stakeholder/grassroots. But, the limit of INGOs can be answered by Amnesty International which is a contradiction example of international organizations that is not affected by the limit of INGO.
Performative In Local Architecture, Marshes As A Model
Authors: Talib Munaf Adnan , Abaas Zaynab Radi 
Published: August 2020

Building performance represents the most important factors for the successfulness and evaluation ofbuildings efficiency in meeting the requirements, expectations, and acceptance of the inhabitants. As a result, itindicates the success or failure of the architectural design experiment in the building. The research deals with themost important aspects of the performance and factors affecting the efficiency of the building, highlighting theindicators of thermal comfort assessment and types of standards and the most important software used in. Thus theresearch focuses on the possibilities of performance simulation programs in raising the standard of living and try toreduce the gap between the technological developed world and the local experience, through the development of acomputer model which simulate the local environment. The aim is introducing the possibilities of simulationcomputer models to help in providing a better environment according to thermal comfort standards of the building’soccupancy. The experimental method came in three levels, the analytical level (to analyze the case study), thestandard level (to return the results from the previous level to a benchmark manual for comparison), and the designlevel (to propose design alternatives to solve the problems derived from the previous two levels). The use of programs such as Rhino, Grasshopper, RayMan, leads to perform a specific function in the simulation processaccording to each level of application. The most important outputs of the research are the great effeteness of thearchitectural form on temperature change and thus access thermal comfort by comparing the basic form in addition tofive other design alternatives. Additionally, the total radiation temperature varied each time, thus varying the degreeof thermal comfort. The optimal shape was selected from the range of models as the closest one to the human thermalcomfort zone.
Effects of Human Papillomavirus Infection with Pre-invasive Cervical Lesions: Bangladesh Perspectives
Authors: Joarder Mita , Begum Shirin Akter , Ahmad Md Rasel , Hossin Md Immam , Islam Shanjida , Harun Md Abdullah Al 
Published: August 2020

Background: Cervical cancer remains a major public health problem worldwide – particularly in less developed countries. Around 85% of their new cases and 86% of deaths occur in less development countries (IARC, 2012). In Bangladesh, Cervical cancer is the second most common disease among female with an estimated 11,956 new cases and 6,582 deaths in 2012. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to identify the Effects of Human Papillomavirus infection with Pre-invasive cervical lesions in Bangladesh.
Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at the colposcopy clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University during the study period January 2015 - December 2015. A total of 65 consecutive women with VIA +ve cases of all three grades of CIN (CIN I, CIN II, CIN III) were enrolled in this study. Women having invasive cervical disease and women who not interested were excluded from this study.
Results: More than one third (35.3%) patients were in 3rd decade. More than one third (35.4%) patients had normal colposcopic findings followed by 23(35.4%) was CIN I, 11(16.9%) was CIN II and 8(12.3%) was CIN III. Majority (42.6%) patients was found CIN I, 11(26.1%) was CIN II, 8(19.4%) was CIN III and 5(11.9%) had normal in Histopathology. CIN I histopathological finding was found 18 cases, among them 8(44.4%) in positive HC-2/Viral load/ RLU index. In multivariate analysis CIN III was significantly increased 1.34 times in HC-2/Viral load/RLU index positive (human Papillomavirus) cases (95% CI 0.22 – 8.9%, <0.05). Validity test of benign HPV DNA test of the study women showed that HPV DNA had sensitivity 51.4%, specificity 92.9%, accuracy 69.2%, positive predictive values 90.5% and negative predictive values 59.1%. Benign Colposcopic finding had had sensitivity 86.5%, specificity 64.3%, accuracy 76.9%, positive predictive values 76.2% and negative predictive values 78.3%. CIN III significantly 1.34 times increased HC-2/Viral load/ RLU index positive (human Papillomavirus) in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion: From the findings of the study it was observed that colposcopy had a high sensitivity and optimum specificity; HPV DNA test had lower sensitivity and higher specificity. Colposcopic findings were closely associated with Histopathology, where the validity test was high when compared to HPV DNA test. So it can be concluded that the Colposcopy is a useful screening test for detection of cervical lesions and Human Papillomavirus is associated with pre-invasive cervical lessons. So the HPV DNA test can be used as a co-test with Colposcopy for screening of cervical lesions.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 5-10
Catastrophic Maternal Complications of Morbidly Adherent Placenta in Patients with History of Previous Caesarean Delivery
Authors: Amir Mumtahena , Rouf Salma , Chowdhury Saleha Begum 
Published: August 2020

Objective:The study is aimed to describe the grave maternal outcomes encountered inpatients having morbidly adherent placenta along with history of previous caesarean section.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study from September 2014 to August2015. All the patients attended in the in-patient department of obstetrics & gynaecology inDMCH during the study period having morbid adhesion of placenta (diagnosed antenatallyby USG or diagnosed preoperatively) along with history of previous caesarean section.
Result: Total 10,805 obstetric patients delivered during the study period, of which 6,337patients had caesarean sections. Out of them 37 pregnant patients were found to havemorbid adhesion of placenta along with history of previous C/S. The incidence is 1 in 292deliveries. All of the 37 patients needed hysterectomy for intractable per operativehaemorrhage. All the patients needed transfusion of more than 04 units of blood. Nineteenpatients needed ICU supports Ten (27%) patients died. Other grave complications werehypovolemic shock (19 patients), bladder injury (16patients), renal failure (07 patients),multiorgan failure (07 patients) and DIC (06 patients).
Conclusion: All the patients of morbidity adherant placenta with previous Caesarean Sectionneeded caesarian hysterectomy and ten patients died.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 96-100
Risk Factors and Maternal Outcome of Secondary Post Partum Haemorrhage in Rangpur Medical College Hospital. - A one year study
Authors: Ferdousy Hasina , Sultana Ferdousi , Nahaer Mst Kamrun , Begum Mst Moon Moon , Begum Mst Mahfuza 
Published: August 2020

Background: Post partum haemorrhage (PPH) is one of the most common causes ofmaternal mortality worldwide. Primary PPH (which occurs within 24 hours of delivery) hasbeen studied a lot. But data regarding secondary PPH (which occurs 24 hours after deliveryupto to 6 weeks post partum) is sparse. Our aim was to find out the risk factors and maternaloutcome of secondary PPH.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional analytic study of 32 cases admitted with secondaryPPH in Gynae and Obstetric department of Rangpur Medical College Hospital during 1 yearstudy period was carried out.
Result: Frequency of secondary PPH was 0.58%. Mean age of the patient was 25.23±2.79years; 22(69%) patients were multi para; 17 (53%) patients had education up to primarylevel. Maximum patients [18 (56%)] were from low socio economic status. Mean time ofpresentation was 13.5±2.78 days after delivery; 14(44%) patients delivered vaginally and18(56%) patients delivered by caesarean section. Most of the vaginal delivery 9 (28%) wereconducted by untrained dai or other family member. Among 32 patients, 31 were referredfrom outside the Hospital. Retained bits of placenta was the leading cause (15,47%) andcaesarean wound dehiscence was the second cause (13,41%); 13 (40%) patients had feveron presentation. All were anemic with mean hemoglobin concentration 7.4±1.4gm and 24(75%) of them required blood transfusion. Four patients was in shock. Antibiotic was givento all patients. DE&C was done in 15(47%) cases and laparotomy followed by total abdominalhysterectomy was done in 12 cases and repair in 1 case. Among 15 patients who underwentsurgical evacuation there was histological evidence of placental tissue in only 6(40%) patients.
Conclusion: In present study retained bits of placenta and caesarean wound dehiscenceare found as main cause of secondary postpartum hemorrhage So care should be takenduring active management of third stage of labour (AMTSL). Choosing appropriate suturematerial, maintaining personal hygine of patient and sterility of operation theate, usingappropriate antibiotic to combat microbials and last but not list improving skillness of surgeonare the key to reduce the rate of secondary PPH.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 107-112
Efficacy and Safety of Carbetocin for the Prevention of Primary PPH During Caesarean Section: An Open Label Single Arm Study
Authors: RAZZAQUE S , KHAN AD 
Published: August 2020

Background: The risk of postpartum haemorrhage is much higher for women undergoingcaesarean section, particularly in developing countries where the majority of operations arecarried out as an emergency procedure. Postpartum haemorrhage is the leading cause ofmaternal mortality worldwide. Around 67–80% of cases are caused by uterine atony.Preventive measures include prophylactic drugs use to aid uterine contraction after delivery,thus avoiding severe blood loss and reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. Carbetocin asynthetic analogue of oxytocin is currently indicated for prevention of uterine atony afterdelivery by caesarean section in spinal or epidural anaesthesia.
The Aim of Study: To see the efficacy and safety of Carbetocin for the prophylaxis of PPHduring caesarean section.Patients and Methods: An open label single arm clinical trial was conducted in the BagerhatSadar Hospital, Bangladesh over a period of six months from May 2017 to October 2017.Ninety patients who had got admitted in Bagerhat Sadar Hospital, undergoing cesareansection at term were selected. Each patient obtained a single dose of 100 microgramcarbetocin intravenously during cesarean section, immediately after the delivery of the babyand prior to the delivery of the placenta. Outcome measures such as primary PPH, bloodloss was observed and measured by weighing sanitary napkin observed for six hours. Needfor additional uterotonic drug, additional blood transfusion as well as adverse effects were alldocumented.
Results: Massive blood loss occurred only in 3.3% patients. Among the study population96.7% patients did not need any additional uterotonics. No patient had developed fever,arrhythmia, pulmonary edema, tremor, abdominal pain and pruritus. Only 2.2% had nausea,only 3.3% had hypotention, only 3.3% had vomiting and only 2.2% had headache which wasnot statistically significant. Only 4.4% patients developed PPH.
Conclusion: Carbetocin appears to be an effective new drug for the prophylaxis of postpartumhemorrhage in cesarean section.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 119-124
Risk Profiles Associated with Endometriosis among Infertile Women
Authors: Khan Jaglul Haider , Rahman Saifur , Nasreen Chowdhury Taslima , Alam Jahangir , Fatema Pervin 
Published: August 2020

Background: Endometriosis is a common gynaecological disorder which is found in about5% of women and in 30% of infertile women. Identification of risk factors and timely interventionis useful.
Methods: A case control study was conducted in the Dept. of obs & gynae of BangabandhuSheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, from October 2015 to March 2016 on50 infertile patients attending the Infertility unit of the institute with the objective to determinethe risk factors of endometriosis. Twenty five women with endometriosis was taken ascases (group-I) and twenty five women without endometriosis was taken as controls(group-II).
Result: The mean age was 32.8±5.4 years in group I and 35.1±5.7 years in group II which issimilar. Urban residents were 3.21 times (with 95% CI 0.87-12.71%) more likely to developendometriosis than rural resident which was statistically significant (p<0.05).Among the study population BMI of 72% patients in group I and 68% in group II were within19-24 kg/m2. The difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05) . There was notstatistically significant difference (p>0.05) between two groups in OCP use (84%vs80%).Women with endometriosis had less physical activity than the women without endometriosis;the differences was statistically significant (p<0.05). Consumption of caffeine, red meat,vegetables and fruits has no effect on endometriosis. Women with pain during menstruationwere 29.33 times (with 95% CI 5.17-100%) and women with heavy amount of blood flow were5.09 times (with 95% CI 1.24-22.06%) more likely to be endometriosis, which was statisticallysignificant (p<0.05) . Other risk factors like- age, occupation, educational status, age atmenarche and cycle length were not significantly (p>0.05) associated with endometriosis.
Conclusion: Urban residence and all types of physical activities d”1 hour per day weresignificantly higher in infertile women with endometriosis.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 131-139
Dimensi Struktur Modal pada Perusahaan Property and Real Estate
Authors: Annisa Fida Nur , Samrotun Yuli Chomsatu , Fajri Rosa Nikmatul 
Published: August 2020

Capital structure is a balance or comparison between foreign capital and own capital. This study aimsto examine and analyze the effect ofprofitability, non-debt tax shield, asset structure, company size, and liquidity in property and real estate companies in 2015-2018. The independent variables of this study are profitability, non-debt tax shield, asset structure, company size, and liquidity. The dependent variable in this study is the capital structure. This study uses secondary data obtained from the IDX. With a population of 48 property and real estate manufacturing companies and sampling techniques using purposive sampling produces 34 sample companies. This type of quantitative research and data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression. The results of the research partially addressed the variable profitability, company size and liquidity which had no significant effect on capital structure while the non-debt tax shield and asset structure variables had a significant effect on capital structure.
Modelo de avaliação da sustentabilidade de ciclovias urbanas aplicado à capital brasileira
Authors: Almeida Motta Renata , Melo Lima Clarissa , De Mendonça Augusto César , Marques da Silva Paulo Cesar 
Published: August 2020

Este artigo propôs um modelo quantitativo usando Dimensões, Características e Indicadores de Sustentabilidade para avaliar a sustentabilidade das ciclovias. O modelo foi aplicado como um estudo de caso a duas ciclovias reais na capital brasileira, Brasília. O processo de seleção de indicadores de sustentabilidade empregou o método Delphi com 9 especialistas seniores da área de transporte e, originalmente, foram identificados 650 indicadores. Estes foram convertidos para fornecer 28 indicadores consolidados. Utilizou-se o método Função Multiatributo Aditiva (Multiattribute Utility Theory) para estabelecer uma hierarquia de dimensões, características e indicadores. Outros nove especialistas definiram níveis de importância e atribuíram pesos a Dimensões, Características e Indicadores. No total, 40 pesos foram atribuídos aos três níveis hierárquicos e o peso final de cada nível foi considerado a média aritmética dos pesos indicados pelos 9 especialistas. Os pesos dos indicadores foram multiplicados pelos pesos de suas respectivas Características e Dimensões, resultando em uma equação para o Índice de Sustentabilidade na forma de uma combinação linear dos pesos com os indicadores. Os usuários das ciclovias analisadas foram entrevistados e atribuíram pontuações a cada um dos indicadores. A partir dessas pontuações, foi possível calcular o indicador de sustentabilidade de cada ciclovia. A ciclovia 2 obteve uma melhor avaliação em relação a ciclovia 1 em todos os cenários de ponderação analisados.
Identitas Nasional, Pemahaman Pancasila dan Relasi Interpersonal Anggota DPRD Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Afifah Sarah , Yuniarti Kwartarini Wahyu , Widiatmoko Catur 
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh identitas nasional dan pemahaman Pancasila terhadap relasi interpersonal anggota DPRD Sumsel. Relasi interpersonal adalah hubungan antar individu untuk performa kerja. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan performa kerja adalah dengan meningkatkan relasi interpersonal. Faktor yang mempengaruhi relasi interpersonal dari aspek individu adalah identitas nasional dan pemahaman Pancasila. Identitas nasional adalah identifikasi individu kepada negaranya sedangkan pemahaman Pancasila adalah kemampuan anggota DPRD dalam memahami ideologi Pancasila. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 58 orang anggota DPRD Sumatera Selatan periode 2014-2019 dari berbagai fraksi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan skala yakni skala identitas nasional, pemahaman Pancasila dan relasi interpersonal. Adapun hasil penelitian menggunakan analisis regresi berganda menunjukan bahwa identitas nasional dan pemahaman Pancasila secara bersama-sama berpengaruh pada relasi interpersonal (p= 0.001). Identitas nasional memiliki kontribusi yang lebih besar dalam memengaruhi relasi interpersonal dibanding pemahaman Pancasila.
Responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administración general del Estado: un estudio de la Orden SND/326/2020 del Ministerio de Sanidad, generada como consecuencia de la crisis por COVID-19
Authors: Vestri No Gabriele 
Published: August 2020

Este estudio pretende analizar la estructura de la responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administración Estatal como consecuencia de la introducción de la Orden SND/326/2020 del Ministerio de Sanidad. Esta orden permite la fabricación de mascarillas y batas quirúrgicas, durante la permanencia del estado de alarma, a personas físicas y jurídicas que así lo soliciten. Se trata de autorizar la producción de material sanitario a quien, entre otros, no lo haga consuetudinariamente de forma profesional o su profesión se dedique a la fabricación de otro tipo de producto. En caso de daños, la Administración General del Estado asumiría la responsabilidad extracontractual. La situación parece presentar ciertas incongruencias o dificultades interpretativas que ubican a las administraciones involucradas en el centro del debate.
Teknologi Augmented Reality pada Promosi Berbasis Android
Authors: Cahyaningsih Yuli 
Published: August 2020

Technological advances can be applied in the business world as a medium of promotional media. Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that combines 2 dimensions and 3 dimensions into a ward, then projecting the virtual objects in real time. Augmented Reality can be utilized in a variety of needs, one of which is the utilization of promotional media on the Honda Genio brochure. The purpose of this research is to develop new interactive media in assisting the promotion media in Astra Motor Majenang with Android based Augmented Reality technology. The methods used are MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle) consisting of six stages, the concept, the design, the material collecting, the assembly, testing, and the distribution (Distribuiton). The result of this research is an Android-based Augmented Reality promotional media app on the Honda Genio brochure that can display 3D motor objects and display specs in both text and audio form. The conclusion of the study was from the test results Alpha Test system developed spared from disability or failure of use. As for test results Beta Test, 91.2% of respondents answered strongly agree that it shows that the Augmented Reality app as a promotional medium on Android-based Honda Genio brochure is very interesting and acceptable for users.
Evidence of Runaway Gas Cooling in the Absence of Supermassive Black Hole Feedback at the Epoch of Cluster Formation
Authors: Hlavacek-Larrondo J. , Rhea C. L. , Webb T. , McDonald M. , Muzzin A. , Wilson G. , Finner K. , Valin F. , Bonaventura N. , Cooper M. , Fabian A. C. , Gendron-Marsolais M.-L. , Jee M. J. , Lidman C. , Mezcua M. , Noble A. , Russell H. R. , Surace J. , Trudeau A. , Yee H. K. C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cosmological simulations, as well as mounting evidence from observations, have shown that supermassive black holes play a fundamental role in regulating the formation of stars throughout cosmic time. This has been clearly demonstrated in the case of galaxy clusters in which powerful feedback from the central black hole is preventing the hot intracluster gas from cooling catastrophically, thus reducing the expected star formation rates by orders of magnitude. These conclusions, however, have been almost entirely based on nearby clusters. Based on new Chandra X-ray observations, we present the first observational evidence for massive, runaway cooling occurring in the absence of supermassive black hole feedback in the high-redshift galaxy cluster SpARCS104922.6 + 564032.5 (z = 1.709). The hot intracluster gas appears to be fueling a massive burst of star formation (≈900 M
⊙ yr−1) that is offset by dozens of kpc from the central galaxy. The burst is co-spatial with the coolest intracluster gas but not associated with any galaxy in the cluster. In less than 100 million years, such runaway cooling can form the same amount of stars as in the Milky Way. Therefore, intracluster stars are not only produced by tidal stripping and the disruption of cluster galaxies, but can also be produced by runaway cooling of hot intracluster gas at early times. Overall, these observations show the dramatic impact when supermassive black hole feedback fails to operate in clusters. They indicate that in the highest overdensities, such as clusters and protoclusters, runaway cooling may be a new and important mechanism for fueling massive bursts of star formation in the early universe.