bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuromodulation for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Buhagiar Francesca , Fitzgerald Melinda , Bell Jason , Allanson Fiona , Pestell Carmela 
Published: December 2020

Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) results from an external force to the head or body causing neurophysiological changes within the brain. The number and severity of symptoms can vary, with some individuals experiencing rapid recovery, and others having persistent symptoms for months to years, impacting their quality of life. Current rehabilitation is limited in its ability to treat persistent symptoms and novel approaches are being sought to improve outcomes following mTBI. Neuromodulation is one technique used to encourage adaptive neuroplasticity within the brain.Objective: To systematically review the literature on the efficacy of neuromodulation in the mTBI population.Method: A systematic review was conducted using Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and EBM Review. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis reporting guidelines were used and a narrative review of the selected studies was completed. Fourteen articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria which were published in English, investigating an adult sample and using a pre- and post-intervention design. Studies were excluded if they included non-mild TBI severities, pediatric or older adult populations.Results: Thirteen of fourteen studies reported positive reductions in mTBI symptomatology following neuromodulation. Specifically, improvements were reported in post-concussion symptom ratings, headaches, dizziness, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, general disability, cognition, return to work and quality of life. Normalization of working memory activation patterns, vestibular field potentials, hemodynamics of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and excessive delta wave activity were also seen. The studies reviewed had several methodological limitations including small, heterogenous samples and varied intervention protocols, limiting generalisability. Further research is required to understand the context in which neuromodulation may be beneficial.Conclusions: While these positive effects are observed, limitations included unequal representation of neuromodulation modalities in the literature, and lack of literature describing the efficacy of neuromodulation on the development or duration of persistent mTBI symptoms. Better clarity regarding neuromodulation efficacy could have a significant impact on mTBI patients, researchers, clinicians, and policy makers, facilitating a more productive post-mTBI population. Despite the limitations, the literature indicates that neuromodulation warrants further investigation. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020161279.
Rethinking the 8th AJCC System: Is It Suitable for Patients Aged <55 Years With Stage T4N1M0 Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma to Be Placed in Stage I?
Authors: Long Wei , Hu Di , Zhou Ling , Huang Yueye , Zeng Wen , Chen Sichao , Huang Yihui , Li Man , Wang Min , Zhou Wei , Huang Jianglong , Wei Wei , Zhang Chao , Liu Zeming , Guo Liang 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe newest (8th) edition of the TNM staging system published in 2017. In this edition, some significant changes happened from the previous edition. As a result, down-staging appeared in nearly one third of DTC patients. However, we don’t know whether the new system predicts the survival of FVPTC patients accurately. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly evaluate the correlation between the new system and survival prediction in terms of FVPTC.MethodsWe enrolled 17,662 FVPTC patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Factors associated with survival were identified by Cox regression analyses. The mortality rates per 1,000 person-years were calculated and compared. Cox proportional hazards regression quantified the risk of survival, and survival curves were produced by Kaplan-Meier analyses using log-rank tests.ResultsAge at diagnosis, race, T-stage at diagnosis, distant metastasis, radiation therapy, and surgery were independent factors associated with cancer-specific survival. Patients aged &lt;55 years with stage T4N1M0 FVPTC had higher mortality rates per 1,000 person-years than patients in the same stage according to the 8th AJCC System. Cox proportional hazards regression reflected that patients aged &lt;55 years with stage T1-3, any N, M0 or T4N0M0 disease (p=0.001) and patients aged ≥55 years with T1-2N0M0 disease (p=0.004) had signiﬁcantly lower risks of cancer-specific survival (CSS) than those aged &lt;55 years with stage T4N1M0 disease. The CSS curve of patients aged &lt;55 years with stage T4N1M0 disease showed a decline on comparison with others belonging to stage I (p&lt;0.001); and the curve was even not different from patients in stage II and stage III (p&gt;0.05).ConclusionPatients aged &lt;55 years with stage T4N1M0 FVPTC had worse survival than patients in stage I; no difference was seen on comparison with stage II patients. We recommend this group of patients be upstaged in the 8th AJCC system.
Risk-Adapted Postmastectomy Radiotherapy Decision Based on Prognostic Nomogram for pT1-2N1M0 Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Li Ming , Yue Jinbo , Wan Xiangbo , Hua Bin , Yang Qiuan , Yang Pei , Zhang Zijian , Pei Qian , Han Weidong , Xu Yaping , Xia Xuefeng 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe aim of this study was to develop a widely accepted prognostic nomogram and establish a risk-adapted PMRT strategy based on locoregional recurrence for pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer.Methods and MaterialsA total of 3,033 patients with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer treated at 6 participating institutions between 2000 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. A nomogram was developed to predicted locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS). A propensity score-matched (PSM) analyses was performed in risk-adapted model.ResultsWith the median follow-up of 65.0 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS) and LRFS were 93.0, 84.8, and 93.6%, respectively. There was no significant difference between patients who received PMRT or not for the entire group. A nomogram was developed and validated to estimate the probability of 5-year LRFS based on five independent factors including age, primary tumor site, positive lymph nodes number, pathological T stage, and molecular subtype that were selected by a multivariate analysis of patients who did not receive PMRT in the primary cohort. According to the total nomogram risk scores, the entire patients were classified into low- (40.0%), moderate- (42.4%), and high-risk group (17.6%). The 5-year outcomes were significantly different among these three groups (P&lt;0.001). In low-risk group, patients who received PMRT or not both achieved a favorable OS, DFS, and LRFS. In moderate-risk group, no differences in OS, DFS, and LRFS were observed between PMRT and no PMRT patients. In high-risk group, compared with no PMRT, PMRT resulted in significantly different OS (86.8 vs 83.9%, P = 0.050), DFS (77.2 vs 70.9%, P = 0.049), and LRFS (90.8 vs. 81.6%, P = 0.003). After PSM adjustment, there were no significant differences in OS, DFS, and LRFS in low-risk and moderate-risk groups. However, in the high-risk group, PMRT still resulted in significantly better OS, DFS and improved LRFS.ConclusionsThe proposed nomogram provides an individualized risk estimate of LRFS in patients with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer. Risk-adapted PMRT for high-risk patients is a viable effective strategy.
Complex ALK Fusions Are Associated With Better Prognosis in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kang Jin , Zhang Xu-Chao , Chen Hua-Jun , Zhong Wen-Zhao , Xu Yang , Su Jian , Zhou Qing , Tu Hai-Yan , Wang Zhen , Xu Chong-Rui , Yang Xue-Ning , Chen Zhi-Hong , Wu Xue , Zhang Xian , Shao Yang , Wu Yi-Long , Yang Jin-Ji 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundEchinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) is the canonical anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion partner in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and ALK-positive patients showed promising responses to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, studies that comprehensively investigate ALK TKI treatment in patients with different ALK fusion patterns are still lacking.MethodsNinety-eight ALK-positive patients with advanced NSCLC were retrospectively studied for their response to crizotinib and subsequent treatments. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) was conducted to divide patients into different groups based on their ALK fusion patterns. Non-canonical ALK fusions were validated using RNA-sequencing.Results54.1% of patients had pure canonical EML4-ALK fusions, 19.4% carried only non-canonical ALK fusions, and 26.5% harbored complex ALK fusions with coexisting canonical and non-canonical ALK fusions. The objective response rate and median progression-free survival to crizotinib treatment tended to be better in the complex ALK fusion group. Notably, patients with complex ALK fusions had significantly improved overall survival after crizotinib treatment (p = 0.012), especially when compared with the pure canonical EML4-ALK fusion group (p = 0.010). The complex ALK fusion group also tended to respond better to next-generation ALK TKIs, which were used as later-line therapies. Most identified non-canonical ALK fusions were likely to be expressed in tumors, and some of them formed canonical EML4-ALK transcripts during mRNA maturation.ConclusionOur results suggest NSCLC patients with complex ALK fusions could potentially have better treatment outcomes to ALK TKIs therapy. Also, diagnosis using CGP is of great value to identify novel ALK fusions and predict prognosis.
The Effects of Sports Drinks During High-Intensity Exercise on the Carbohydrate Oxidation Rate Among Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Xudong , Wang Wanxia , Guo Rui , Wang Anqi , Wei Chaojun 
Published: December 2020

Background: This study examines the effects of sports drinks ingestion during high-intensity exercise for carbohydrate oxidation rate (CHO-O) among athletes.Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were searched for available papers published up to November 2019. The primary outcome is the carbohydrate oxidation rate (CHO-O), and the secondary outcome is the fat oxidation rate (Fat-O). Statistical heterogeneity among the included studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q test and the I2 index. The random-effects model was used for all analyses, regardless of the I2 index.Results: Five studies are included, with a total of 58 participants (range, 8–14/study). All five studies are randomized crossover trials. Compared to the control beverages, sports drinks have no impact on the CHO-O of athletes [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.29; 95% CI, −0.06 to 0.65, P = 0.106; I2 = 97.4%, P &lt; 0.001] and on the Fat-O of athletes (WMD = −0.074; 95% CI, −0.19 to 0.06, P = 0.297; I2 = 97.5%, P &lt; 0.001). Carbohydrate–electrolyte solutions increase CHO-O (WMD = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.08–0.87, P = 0.020; I2 = 97.8%, P &lt; 0.001) but not Fat-O (WMD = −0.14; 95% CI, −0.31 to 0.03, P = 0.103; I2 = 98.2%, P &lt; 0.001). Caffeine has a borderline effect on Fat-O (WMD = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.00–0.10, P = 0.050).Conclusions: Compared with the control beverages, sports drinks show no significant improvement in CHO-O and Fat-O in athletes. Carbohydrate–electrolyte solutions increase CHO-O in athletes but not Fat-O.
Community-Based Family Workshop Intervention Improved the Social Adaptation of Left-Behind Children in Rural China
Authors: Zhang Xiu , Li Mengjie , Guo Li , Zhu Yanna 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: With the rapidly developing economy in China, there are more than 50 million left-behind children (LBC) in rural China, whose social adaptation has become a public concern. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of community-based family workshop intervention on social adaptation among rural LBC in China.Methods: A cluster randomized trial was conducted with 104 LBC, in which 66 LBC-caregivers dyads received guidance from community-based family workshop for 6 months, while the controls (LBC n = 38) received routinely parenting guidance. Social adaptation of the children was assessed by the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at the beginning and the end of the intervention.Findings: Compared with controls, results showed remarkable improvement on emotional symptoms (P = 0.050), peer problems (P = 0.050), and total difficulties score (TDS, P = 0.040) in the intervention group, especially those aged 3–6 years. Moreover, SDQ score of TDS (P = 0.039), peer problems (P = 0.013), and hyperactivity–inattention (P = 0.023) decreased after intervention in boys aged 3–6 years, while emotional symptoms (P = 0.048) in girls. Finally, improvement on peer problems (P = 0.005) was observed in participants with high TDS.Conclusions: The findings suggest that community-based family workshop intervention can improve social adaptation of rural LBC. Moreover, this effect was different in boys and girls and also affected by age and baseline total difficulties. The results indicated that community-based family workshop intervention can be implemented in rural China to improve mental and behavioral health among LBC in the future.
A importância da recuperação de ativos para o efetivo combate à lavagem de capitais e à corrupção: A colaboração premiada como instrumento de localização dos ativos.
Authors: Jaquier Ariane Bulla 
Published: December 2020

O presente estudo analisa o crime de lavagem de capitais sob a perspectiva dos múltiplos danos sociais, econômicos e políticos provocados pela delinquência econômica inserida em um mundo globalizado. Discorre sobre a motivação dos executores do crime: simultaneamente, evitar a punição pelo delito antecedente e tornar possível o gozo dos valores obtidos ilicitamente. Nesse sentido, seja pelos danos, seja pelo mote dos agentes criminosos, o artigo enfoca a necessidade da recuperação dos ativos provenientes da lavagem de dinheiro para a devida repressão do crime e para o combate à corrupção. Ao final, considerando a complexidade e a dinamicidade das ações que visam encobrir a origem ilícita do capital, destacou-se a necessidade de se empregar técnicas especiais de investigação para a localização de ganhos ilícitos e identificação de responsáveis, reservando-se atenção especial à colaboração premiada, uma vez que, em muitos casos, somente por meio de tal técnica é possível rastrear, ao menos de início, os proveitos do crime.
The Road to Kushka
Authors: Сенин А.С. 
Published: December 2020

После успешного похода М.Д. Скобелева в 1880-1881 гг. и присоединения Мерва Россия в 1885 г. заняла Пендинский оазис, который стал самой южной точкой государственной границы Российской империи. Для закрепления за собой этой территории Военное министерство и администрация Туркестанского края стали добиваться строительства железнодорожного пути вглубь Средней Азии. Закаспийская железная дорога в 1886 г. дошла до Мерва и прокладывалась далее на Самарканд. Однако долина р. Мургаб и Гератская провинция Афганистана рассматривались как наиболее сложный театр военных действий. В статье рассказывается о создании самой южной российской железной дороги от Мерва к крепости Кушка на афганской границе. Несмотря на тяжёлые природные и климатические условия, этот путь – Мургабская ветка – была спроектирована и построена усилиями российских военных инженеров в 1897–1898 гг; финансировалось строительство по смете Главного штаба Военного министерства; общая стоимость всех строительных работ составила 8 718 931 руб.
After the 1880–1881 Campaign, carried out by General M.D. Skobelev, and the annexation of Merv, Russia occupied the Pendinsky oasis in 1885, which became the southernmost point on the borders of the Russian Empire. To secure this territory, the Military Ministry and the Administration of Turkestan called for a railroad system to be built, penetrating Central Asia. In 1886, the Transcaspian Railroad reached Merv and moved on to Samarkand.
Yet the Murgab River valley and the Great Province of Afghanistan were seen as the most complicated potential theatre of war. The article examines the construction of the southernmost Russian railroad system – from Merv to the Kushka Fortress on the Afghan border. Despite the difficult natural obstacles and climate, the Murgab Railroad was successfully built by the Russian military engineers in 1897–1898, being financed by the General Staff of the Ministry of War. The construction cost 8 718 931 rubles.
Influence or Silence? Once more on the role of Sophia Paleologos in the court life Ivan III and the question of her participation in the invitation of Italian masters to Moscow
Authors: Матасова Т.А. 
Published: December 2020

В данной статье рассмотрен вопрос об участии Софьи Палеолог в деле приглашения итальянских мастеров на русскую службу в последней четверти XV в. Этот сюжет раскрыт в контексте более широкой проблемы — степени и возможности участия великой княгини в придворной жизни Москвы в целом. Обращая внимание на бытующие в науке стереотипы и ошибочные и/или не доказанные (пусть и привычные) суждения, автор стремится разграничить образ Софьи как символической фигуры и реальные свидетельства о ее деятельности. Кроме того, с целью обнаружения реальных возможностей участия Софьи в жизни московского двора рассмотрен вопрос об особенностях воспитания Софьи в Риме: могли ли Софье в Риме преподавать риторику – искусство убеждать, необходимое для активной политической позиции? На основании накопленного в науке опыта автор полагает, что Софья активной позиции не занимала, хотя и была значимым для московского двора символом, пусть и по-разному воспринимаемым разными придворными группами (сторонниками и противниками курса Ивана III, греками-эмигрантами, итальянскими мастерами и др.). Автор приходит к выводу о том, что роль Софьи Палеолог в приглашении мастеров не стоит преувеличивать: по всей видимости, вплоть до династического кризиса рубежа XV-XVI вв. Софья не имела существенного влияния при московском дворе.
The article examines the issue of Sofia Palaiologina in the invitation of Italian masters to Russian service in the last quarter of the 15th century. This issue is examined through a broader problematic context – the limits to which a Grand Princess could take part in Moscow’s court life. Paying due attention to the stereotypes, mistaken and/or unproven conclusions dwelling in the academic discourse, the author seeks to separate the image of Sofia Palaiologina as a symbolic figure with the actual surviving evidence of her activity. Alongside the goal of establishing the actual evidence of Sofia’s participation in Moscow court life, the author also seeks to examine the issue of Sofia’s education in Rome: during the years spent in Rome, could Sofia have studied rhetoric – an art vital for an active political position? On the basis of the existing corpus of research, the author comes to the conclusion that Sofia Paleologina did not occupy an active position, even though she remained an important symbol for Moscow’s Court, a symbol that was perceived quite differently by various court groups (proponents and opponents of Ivan III’s political course, Greek immigrants, Italian masters, etc.).
The author comes to the conclusion that the role of Sofia Palaiologina should not be exaggerated: it seems that Sofia did wield sufficient influence at court, until the dynastic crisis that erupted on the brink of 15th—16th centuries.
STUDI KASUS GAYA PENGASUHAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP ANAK BATITA STUNTING
Authors: Fadhillah Jihan , Umrah Andi Sitti , Setiawati Yuli 
Published: December 2020

Pendahuluan: Stunting menggambarkan kejadian kurang gizi pada balita yang berlangsung dalam waktu yang lama dan dampaknya tidak hanya secara fisik, tetapi justru pada fungsi kognitif.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gaya pengasuhan batita stunting pada masyarakat Pesisir Pulau Balang Lompo

Kabupaten Pangkep. Penelitian dilakukan di Pesisir Pulau Balang Lompo Kabupaten Pangkep. Desain

Metode: Desain penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dengan teknik wawancara secara mendalam dan observasi tidak terlibat. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 12 orang informan kunci yang mempunyai anak usia 1-3 tahun dan 6 orang informan pendukung. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis konten.
Hasil: Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dominan ibu menerapkan gaya pengasuhan (parenting style) permisif terhadap anaknya. Disimpulkan bahwa Gaya pengasuhan yang diterapkan ibu terhadap anak stunting adalah gaya pengasuhan permisif.

Kata kunci : Stunting, Gaya pengasuhan, Pulau Balang Lompo
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TEPUNG DAUN KELOR (MORINGA OLIEFERA) PADA IBU HAMIL TERHADAP BERAT BADAN BAYI BARU LAHIR
Authors: Yusnidar Yusnidar , Dahlan Andi Kasrida , Patmahwati Patmahwati 
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang : Tepung daun kelor merupakan salah satu suplemen gizi pada ibu hamil
Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian tepung daun kelor (moringa oliefera) pada ibu hamil terhadap berat badan bayi baru lahir.
Metode : Jenis penelitian true experiment. Desain yang digunakan adalah Randomized Double Blind,postestcontrolled. Sampel dalam penelitian ini ibu hamil trimester III dengan usia kehamilan ³28 minggu sebanyak 38 orang yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Ibu hamil yang diberikan kapsul tepung daun kelor adalah kelompok intervensi dan ibu hamil yang tidak diberikan kapsul zat besi (Fe) adalah kelompok kontrol. Pengukuruan berat badan lahir dilakukan setelah intervensi 60 hari kemudian post-test menimbang berat badan bayi baru lahir dengan dosis 2 kali 2 kapsul sehari. Sampel berat badan bayi baru lahir ditimbang menggunakan timbangan bayi (baby scale). Analisis data dilakukan dengan Uji independent sample T-test.
Hasil : tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan berat badan bayi lahir yang diberikan tepung daun kelor dan Fe berdasarkan kategori p-value>0,05. Bayi yang lahir normal sebanyak 100% dari kelompok yang diberikan tepung daun kelor. pada bayi lahir normal sebanyak 94,7% dari kelompok yang diberikan Fe. Dan bayi lahir yang tidak normal tidak terdapat pada kelompok yang diberikan tepung daun kelor 0% sedangkan bayi lahir tidak normal pada kelompok yang diberikan Fe terdapat 5,3%. Namun diliat dari nilai rerata terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan berat badan bayi baru lahir antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol dengan p-value 0,001. Nilai mean Post-test pada kelompok intervensi 3389,47±382,82Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol nilai mean post-test 2936,84±400,29.
Simpulan : Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian kapsul tepung daun kelor lebih efektif meningkatkan berat badan bayi dibandingkan pada kelompok kontrol.
Kata kunci : Berat badan bayi baru lahir, Tepung daun kelor