bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-power mid-infrared picosecond pulse bunch generation through difference frequency generation
Authors: Yue Wenjie , Ding Yichen , Wu Bo , Shen Yonghang 
Published: December 2019

We report a high average power mid-infrared picosecond (ps) pulse bunch output by means of direct difference frequency generation (DFG) in periodically poled magnesium-doped lithium niobate between a linearly polarized ps pulse bunch Yb fiber laser and a synchronized Er fiber laser. The ps pulse bunch Yb fiber laser was composed of an all polarization maintained “figure of eight” structured mode-locked Yb fiber laser as the seed, a pulse multiplier, and two stages of Yb fiber amplifiers. The mode-locked Yb fiber laser has an output ps laser pulse at 1030 nm with a repetition rate of 16.32 MHz. The pulses were then transformed to the pulse bunches through the pulse multiplier. Within each bunch, there were 16 equally spaced pulses with pulse widths of 8.5 ps and time intervals around 300 ps. The Er fiber laser had a gain switched seed laser diode working at 1550 nm with a pulse width around 5.1 ns, which was synchronized to the mode-locked Yb fiber laser pulse bunch, and two stages of Er fiber amplifiers. Under the average power of 27.8 W of Yb fiber laser, we obtained an average output power of 3.1 W at 3.07 µm. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest average power mid-infrared ps pulse bunch obtained via DFG directly.
Optical rotary junction incorporating a hollow shaft DC motor for high-speed catheter-based optical coherence tomography
Authors: Durrani Abdullah , Javaid Ammar , Lee Seungwan , Ha Jinyong 
Published: December 2019

In intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT), the optical rotary junction plays an important role in rotating and pulling back the catheter to generate cross-sectional coronary artery images. To meet the requirements of high-speed intravascular OCT in a clinical setting, the rotary junction should generate high torque and low vibration. In this Letter, we demonstrate an ultrahigh speed optical rotary junction incorporating a hollow shaft brushless DC servomotor to remove a pulley belt, or a gear to minimize vibration noise and transfer stable torque. To evaluate the performance of the rotary junction, the vibration noise and variation of rotation were measured as a function of motor speed. The results showed that the rotary junction rotated the catheter at 42,000 revolutions per minute, with an optical transmission loss of 1.2 dB. To assess the feasibility of the rotary junction for high-speed catheter-based OCT, OCT imaging of the cylindrical shape of a phantom made by two overlapped plastic straws was performed at a rate of 200 frames/s.
Strain shapes the light in a photonic crystal nanocavity
Authors: Lu Tsan-Wen , Wang Liang-Chih , Lai Cheng-Han , Lee Po-Tsung 
Published: December 2019

This study proposes and demonstrates a novel nanoclamp structure symmetrically disposed near a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity embedded in a deformable polydimethylsiloxane substrate. These nanoclamps show capabilities of locally shaping (including enhancing and inhibiting) the strain of PhC nanocavity. The produced artificial non-ideal elastomer leads to an enhanced wavelength response of

−
12.7

nm

for every percentage compressive strain variation from the tunable PhC nanolasers in experiments. This result not only guarantees the excellent tunability of the 1D PhC nanolasers but also promises ultrahigh sensitivity in strain sensing. Moreover, such nanoclamps can further create a reconfigurable conversion between waveguide and nanocavity with a 1–2 order difference in the quality factor when applied to a 1D PhC waveguide. We believe this study provides a possibility for on-demand sculpturing of the optical properties of tunable PhC devices in the nanoscale by inserting additional nano- or micro-structures.
Mathematical modeling of ischemic stroke
Authors: Ershov V. I. , Chirkov A. N. , Gonchar-Zaykin A. P. , Lyashchenko S. N. , Lozinskaya T. Yu. , Gumalatova N. V. , Kuznetsov G. E. , Tenchurina L. R. 
Published: December 2019

Objective: to determine the prognostic value of the indicators of fluid and electrolyte balance in the acutest period of severe ischemic stroke (IS). Patients and methods. A total of 150 patients with severe IS of various locations and pathogenetic subtypes were examined. The impact of plasma osmolarity or sodium levels on the course and prognosis of IS was studied on day 1 of the disease. Results and discussion. It has been established that in patients with severe IS, the most common type of fluid and electrolyte imbalance is hyperosmolar hypernatremic syndrome that develops at the onset of severe IS, serves as a factor for poor outcome, and is accompanied by high mortality. The rate of fatal outcomes in hypoosmolar syndromes is higher than that in normal plasma osmolarity, but significantly lower than that in hyperosmolar syndromes. Cerebral salt wasting (CSW) is associated with a higher mortality rate than syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), which confirms a worse prognostic value in hypovolemia than in normo- and hypervolemia. The development of diabetes insipidus at the onset of IS reflects the degree of brainstem structural destruction and, accordingly, is associated with the highest rate of fatal outcomes. The cardioembolic pathogenetic subtype of IS is characterized by a more severe course and a higher probable mortality rate in both hypoosmolar and normosmolar conditions.Conclusion. Impaired fluid and electrolyte homeostasis is of significant prognostic value for the outcome of IS. In this case, the leading role is played by the hyperosmolar hypernatremic syndrome, in which the probability of a fatal outcome is highest and there is a need for continuous patient health monitoring and high-speed decision-making aimed to correct this condition. Therapeutic policy for diabetes insipidus depends on the duration of IS. The risk for fatal outcome in the cardioembolic pathogenetic subtype of IS is higher than that in atherothrombotic stroke, at any plasma osmolarity and sodium levels.
Effect of Match Play on Shoulder Strength in Amateur Rugby Union Players
Authors: Zelinski Samuel , Manvell Joshua J. , Manvell Nicole , Callister Robin , Snodgrass Suzanne J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Zelinski, S, Manvell, JJ, Manvell, N, Callister, R, and Snodgrass, SJ. Effect of match play on shoulder strength in amateur rugby union players. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2584–2590, 2019—The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of match play on shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) strength in amateur Australian rugby union players. Maximal isometric shoulder IR and ER strength was measured in 18 male players using hand-held dynamometry before match, at half-time, after match, and 1, 3, and 7 days after match. Match stress was measured intrinsically (rating of perceived exertion) and extrinsically (number of shoulder events). Linear mixed regression modeling determined differences in strength measures while exploring possible confounders, including history of pain, pain on testing, player position, exposure, height, body mass, and body mass index. From the models, IR strength decreased from before match to after match (adjusted mean difference 1.96 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–3.29, p = 0.004), 1 day after match (2.47; 1.14–3.80, p < 0.001), and 3 days after match (1.75; 0.42–3.09, p = 0.010). External rotation strength decreased from before match to half-time (adjusted mean difference 1.54 kg, 95% CI: 0.65–2.42, p = 0.001), but no other time points demonstrated significant changes in ER strength compared with before match. None of the possible confounding variables significantly affected strength changes over time. Rugby union match play is associated with reduced shoulder strength, particularly IR. Future research is required to establish whether strength changes are associated with shoulder pain and injury.
Complementary Roles for Ventral Pallidum Cell Types and Their Projections in Relapse
Authors: Prasad Asheeta A. , Xie Caroline , Chaichim Chanchanok , Nguyen Jennifer H. , McClusky Hannah E. , Killcross Simon , Power John M. , McNally Gavan P. 
Published: December 2019

The ventral pallidum (VP) is a key node in the neural circuits controlling relapse to drug seeking. How this role relates to different VP cell types and their projections is poorly understood. Using male rats, we show how different forms of relapse to alcohol-seeking are assembled from VP cell types and their projections to lateral hypothalamus (LH) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Using RNAScopein situhybridization to characterize activity of different VP cell types during relapse to alcohol-seeking provoked by renewal (context-induced reinstatement), we found that VP Gad1 and parvalbumin (PV), but not vGlut2, neurons show relapse-associated changes in c-Fos expression. Next, we used retrograde tracing, chemogenetic, and electrophysiological approaches to study the roles of VPGad1and VPPVneurons in relapse. We show that VPGad1neurons contribute to contextual control over relapse (renewal), but not to relapse during reacquisition, via projections to LH, where they converge with ventral striatal inputs onto LHGad1neurons. This convergence of striatopallidal inputs at the level of individual LHGad1neurons may be critical to balancing propensity for relapse versus abstinence. In contrast, VPPVneurons contribute to relapse during both renewal and reacquisition via projections to VTA. These findings identify a double dissociation in the roles for different VP cell types and their projections in relapse. VPGad1neurons control relapse during renewal via projections to LH. VPPVneurons control relapse during both renewal and reacquisition via projections to VTA. Targeting these different pathways may provide tailored interventions for different forms of relapse.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRelapse to drug or reward seeking after a period of extinction or abstinence remains a key impediment to successful treatment. The ventral pallidum, located in the ventral basal ganglia, has long been recognized as an obligatory node in a 'final common pathway' for relapse. Yet how this role relates to the considerable VP cellular and circuit heterogeneity is not well understood. We studied the cellular and circuit architecture for VP in relapse control. We show that different forms of relapse have complementary VP cellular and circuit architectures, raising the possibility that targeting these different neural architectures may provide tailored interventions for different forms of relapse.
Attention Networks in the Parietooccipital Cortex Modulate Activity of the Human Vestibular Cortex during Attentive Visual Processing
Authors: Frank Sebastian M. , Pawellek Maja , Forster Lisa , Langguth Berthold , Schecklmann Martin , Greenlee Mark W. 
Published: December 2019

Previous studies in human subjects reported that the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC), a core area of the vestibular cortex, is inhibited when visual processing is prioritized. However, it has remained unclear which networks in the brain modulate this inhibition of PIVC. Based on previous results showing that the inhibition of PIVC is strongly influenced by visual attention, we here examined whether attention networks in the parietooccipital cortex modulate the inhibition of PIVC. Using diffusion-weighted and resting-state fMRI in a group of female and male subjects, we found structural and functional connections between PIVC and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), a major brain region of the cortical attention network. We then temporarily inhibited PPC by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and hypothesized that the modulatory influence of PPC over PIVC would be reduced; and, as a result, PIVC would be less inhibited. Subjects performed a visual attentional tracking task immediately after rTMS, and the inhibition of PIVC during attentive tracking was measured with fMRI. The results showed that the inhibition of PIVC during attentive tracking was less pronounced compared with sham rTMS. We also examined the effects of inhibitory rTMS over the occipital cortex and found that the visual-vestibular posterior insular cortex area was less activated during attentive tracking compared with sham rTMS or rTMS over PPC. Together, these results suggest that attention networks in the parietooccipital cortex modulate activity in core areas of the vestibular cortex during attentive visual processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough multisensory integration is generally considered beneficial, it can become detrimental when cues from different senses are in conflict. The occurrence of such multisensory conflicts can be minimized by inhibiting core cortical areas of the subordinate sensory system (e.g., vestibular), thus reducing potential conflict with ongoing processing of the prevailing sensory (e.g., visual) cues. However, it has remained unclear which networks in the brain modulate the magnitude of inhibition of the subordinate sensory system. Here, by investigating the inhibition of the vestibular sensory system when visual processing is prioritized, we show that attention networks in the parietooccipital cortex modulate the magnitude of inhibition of the vestibular cortex.
Faktor Internal, Makroekonomi dan Pembiayaan Bermasalah Bank Syariah di Indonesia
Authors: Ardana Yudhistira 
Published: December 2019

Non Performing Financing is the most important issue for banks to survive. This study aims to analyze the determination of internal and external factors on Non Performing FInancing on Sharia Banking in Indonesia. This study uses Error Correction Model analysis techniques. The results show that in the short term the variables that have a significant effect on Non Performing Financing on Sharia Banking in Indonesia are inflation variables, while the Exchange Rate, Bank Indonesia Certificate of Wadi’ah, Industrial Production Index, Financing Deposite Ratio, and Capital Adequacy Ratio variables have no significant effect. In the long run the variables that are influential are Exchange Rate, Bank Indonesia Certificate of Wadi’ah, Financing Deposite Ratio, and Capital Adequacy Ratio, while Inflation and Industrial Production Index have no significant effect.
Distinct Populations of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death Based on Age
Authors: Lavista Ferres Juan M. , Anderson Tatiana M. , Johnston Richard , Ramirez Jan-Marino , Mitchell Edwin A. 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVES:
In most recent studies, authors combine all cases of sudden infant death syndrome, other deaths from ill-defined or unknown causes, and accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed as a single population to analyze sudden unexpected infant death (SUID). Our aim with this study is to determine if there are statistically different subcategories of SUID that are based on the age of death of an infant.

METHODS:
In this retrospective, cross-sectional analysis, we analyzed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Birth Cohort Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set (2003–2013: 41 125 233 births and 37 624 SUIDs). Logistic regression models were developed to identify subpopulations of SUID cases by age of death, and we subsequently analyzed the effects of a set of covariates on each group.

RESULTS:
Two groups were identified: sudden unexpected early neonatal deaths (SUENDs; days 0–6) and postperinatal SUIDs (days 7–364). These groups significantly differed in the distributions of assigned International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code, live birth order, marital status, age of mother, birth weight, and gestational length compared to postperinatal SUIDs (days 7–364). Maternal smoking during pregnancy was not a significant risk factor for deaths that occurred in the first 48 hours.

CONCLUSIONS:
SUEND should be considered as a discrete entity from postperinatal SUID in future studies. These data could help improve the epidemiological understanding of SUEND and SUID and provide clues to a mechanistic understanding underlying the causes of death.
Architecture competition proposals in the body of work of the KKK Group (1931–1939) in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Authors: Matan Cela 
Published: December 2019

Jovan Korka, Đorđe Krekić and Georg Kiverov are important protagonists of modern Croatian architecture. The three architects worked together in the KKK Group (name derived from their last names) between 1931 and 1939 in Zagreb. During this period, “the group” produced an impressive mass of work including the realisation of public and residential buildings in Croatia and the region; participated in competitions in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia with brilliant design solutions; held exhibitions and published several professional papers. Famous from the beginning of their professional work in Croatia's capital, in the second half of the 1920s, they were forgotten after WWII. Their names emerged in almost every compilation or architectural guide of modern Croatian architecture due to the built edifices that were the outcome of the member's efforts in competitions, and yet for a long time, very little was known about the authors and especially about the KKK Group. Only recently is their body of work being studied systematically.
This article deals with competition projects, the unexplored body of work of the Group, and a crucial part in their success. In twenty instances of participation in competitions currently known, in only eight years of collaboration, the group was awarded 14 times (individually and jointly), often with one of the first three awards. A chronological overview of competition participation and a more detailed analysis of five available joint competition entries was carried out as a contribution to the valorisation of the body of work of these important and yet forgotten protagonists of modern architecture in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and especially in Croatia.
Controle, medo e despreparo: esperar o que de uma escola estranha às práticas da liberdade?
Authors: Carneiro Kleber Tuxen , Bronzatto Maurício , Assis Eliasaf Rodrigues de 
Published: December 2019

Este ensaio tem como objetivo refletir sobre os principais efeitos dos projetos de lei nº 867/2015 e 193/2016, do “Programa Escola sem Partido”, no trabalho cotidiano do professor e na formação do aluno, e realizar algumas análises que patenteiam o equívoco dessa proposição. Alguns motivos presentes no longa-metragem A Vila, de M. Night Shyamalan, em especial a manipulação e o controle de corpos e consciências pela instauração do medo, além do obscurantismo e o despreparo, são utilizados como elementos alegóricos para discutir os perigos de uma escola estranha às práticas da liberdade. Apresenta-se uma revisão da literatura sobre os ideais do programa, com a seguinte organização: os aspectos constitucionais dos projetos de lei, suas implicações para o sistema político e, por fim, os impactos ao desenvolvimento do trabalho docente e à formação discente. Procura-se, ainda, desvelar, analisar e desconstruir o entendimento sobre ideologia, aluno, docente e processo formativo presente no texto dos projetos. Conclui-se com a retomada do filme “A Vila” e a discussão dos seguintes aspectos relacionados à tentativa de implantação da “Escola Sem Partido”: a negação dos conflitos e dos desejos; a implantação do medo e a manutenção da ignorância como recursos educativos e de controle; o apagamento das diferenças e a manutenção do status quo; e o perigo de uma coletividade que tolhe a manifestação das individualidades.
Economic damage of risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality from major chronic non-communicable diseases in Russia in 2016
Authors: Kontsevaya A. V. , Mukaneeva D. K. , Myrzamatova A. O. , Balanova Yu. A. , Khudyakov M. B. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: December 2019

Aim.To assess the socioeconomic damage of risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality from major chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) in the Russian population in 2016.Material and methods.The following RF were included in the analysis: smoking, alcohol abuse, high salt intake, insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits, consumption of processed red meat, low physical activity, obesity, hypertension (HTN), which have a significant causal relationship with the major CNCDs: cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), type 2 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer of 10 locations (lung, breast, cervix, ovary, prostate, kidney, stomach, liver, pancreas, colon). Based on the data on the RF prevalence in the Russian population by ESSE-RF study and relative risks by large studies, the population attributable risk for each CNCD was estimated. We used the data of the Federal State Statistics Service, annual forms of Federal Statistical Observation, as well as the results of the Government Guarantee Program for free medical care and the corresponding diagnosis-related groups for 2016. The direct costs of the healthcare system and economic losses due to morbidity and mortality from the major CNCDs associated with the considered RF are determined. The calculations were performed in Microsoft Excel 10.0.Results.Indirect losses due to premature mortality prevail over direct costs of medical care and disability benefits in the economic damage structure of each RF. The largest damage of four major CNCDs was associated with HTN — 869,9 billion rubles, which is equivalent to 1,01% of gross domestic product (GDP). The next places were taken by obesity — 605,8 billion rubles (0,7% of GDP), smoking — 421,4 billion rubles (0,49% of GDP) and low physical activity — 273,0 billion rubles. (0,32% of GDP). The contribution of improper feeding (high salt intake, insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits, consumption of processed red meat) amounted to 0,17% of GDP (145,3 billion rubles), 0,19% of GDP (160,9 billion rubles) and 0,10% of GDP (83,4 billion rubles), respectively. Alcohol abuse made the smallest contribution to CNCD-related damage — 82,5 billion rubles (0.1% of GDP). This is due to the low prevalence of alcohol abuse in the Russian population according to ESSE-RF study.Conclusion.Assessment of the economic damage of CNCD RF allows determining the priority areas in healthcare and substantiating the effectiveness of CNCD preventive measures aimed at reducing the RF impact, and, consequently, the burden on the healthcare system and the national economy.
Social-legal analysis and efficiency of measures applied o counteract corruption crime in local government bodies
Authors: Anisimov Valery Filippovich , Lapshin Valery Fedorovich 
Published: December 2019

According to official statements, corruption crime in Russia is one of the threats to national security. Therefore, over the past ten years, a significant number of regulations have been adopted that regulate the procedures for countering crime in both state and municipal service.
The paper presents an analysis of the complex of anti-corruption measures that are implemented in relation to state and municipal servants, as well as persons applying for the posts of state and municipal service. Currently, the developed anti-corruption measures are a complex of economic, social, organizational and other means implemented in the field of law-making, coordination of interaction between the authorities and management, personnel activity and public control.
The effectiveness of the anti-corruption impact will be achieved only under the condition of a cardinal revision of the rules for the distribution and use of national income, the abandonment of the overdevelopment ideology, regardless of the source of its receipt, and each member of society understands the need to combat corruption as one of the most dangerous social phenomena.