bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A decision‐making model for performance evaluation and profit sharing in a diagnostic laboratory network
Authors: Ghafari Someh Niloufar , Pishvaee Mir Saman , Sadjadi Seyed Jafar , Soltani Roya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesCreating networked business models is one of the innovative approaches that have the ability and potential for meeting market needs. The purpose of this study is to provide a decision‐making model for a fair profit sharing among the members of a diagnostic laboratory network while providing a distinctive value for the patients.MethodsTo identify the members of the network of laboratories, a suitable approach to calculate members' efficiency scores is proposed. Then, the network members are classified into three groups based on their performance scores. The three groups help administrators identify eligible members, members who need to improve their performance in order to meet the minimum requirements, and members who do not qualify for admission to the network. Since the performance of the members should play a significant role in the fair profit‐sharing mechanism, the fair allocation of profits among network members is done by the use of Shapely value based on the efficiency scores of members.ResultsThe results show that for such a fair mechanism, the efficiency and sample size (the number of samples [blood and urine] taken from the patients by the laboratories), as the two effective factors, have a decisive role in the share of profit of laboratory units of the network. In the Laboratory Services Network, members receive a number of samples according to their performance. As a result, the sample size received has a direct impact on the net income of each member.ConclusionIn conclusion, it is evident that the use of Shapely value may help managers in the process of sharing profits among network members in a fair way, thereby improving network performance. In this way, incentive strategies may be created for the members of the network, and long‐term survival of the network may be achieved.
Employment and attendance in day care centres for people with mild intellectual disabilities – do age, gender, functional level or hospital admissions matter?
Authors: Engeland J. , Strand B. H. , Innstrand S. T. , Langballe E. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWorkforce inclusion is an important political goal in many countries. However, nearly 70% of Norwegians registered with mild intellectual disabilities (IDs) are not registered employed or attending in day care centres. This study investigates the association between age, gender, functional level and hospital admissions with employment or attendance in public financed, community‐based day care centres for adults with mild IDs in Norway.MethodThis study is based on data from a linkage of the national population‐based registries from 2013 to 2015: Statistics Norway (SSB), the Norwegian Information System for the Nursing and Care Sector (IPLOS) and the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR). The sample consisted of 2370 adults registered with a mild ID, receiving disability pension in Norway, aged 18–67 years. Binary and multinomial logistic analyses, adjusted for age, gender, functional level and hospital admissions, were performed.ResultsIn 2015, 45.7% and 19.6% of the samples aged 20–31 and 52–63 years, respectively, were registered as employed or in day care centres. Participation in day care is a public service registered in IPLOS, which requires registration of functional level, while attendance in employment support is registered in SSB, where functional level is not registered. Compared with people registered with a high functional level, the probability of being employed or in day care centres was lower for people without registration of functional level. People with hospital admissions were less likely to be employed, especially if they had both psychiatric and somatic hospital admissions. People were less likely to attend day care and open employment only if they had a combination of both types of hospital admissions. Attendance in day care centres was less likely for men than women.ConclusionsOlder people with mild ID, without registered functional level (meaning not receiving public community‐based services) and with a history of hospital admissions were significantly less likely to be employed or participate in day care centres. The clear association between not being employed or attending day care centres and not having one's functional level registered implies there is a need for increased focus on how to enhance work participation among people with mild IDs who are not within the system of receiving public services.
Using Nudges to Promote Healthy Food Choices in the School Dining Room: A Systematic Review of Previous Investigations
Authors: Marcano‐Olivier Mariel I. , Horne Pauline J. , Viktor Simon , Erjavec Mihela 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThere is a growing interest in low‐cost interventions that modify obesogenic environments and encourage positive behavior change. We conducted a systematic review of studies that used behavioral nudges to promote a healthy school cafeteria environment.METHODSA literature search was conducted using 5 databases; of 381 papers noted, we included 25 and assessed them using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.RESULTSMost studies used relatively small, convenience samples and data collection methods that could not be described as robust, necessitating cautious interpretation of their results. A range of behavioral nudges were employed. Seventeen studies reported positive effects on children's selection and 11 studies reported improvements in their consumption of target foods, effected by changing the order of serving; increasing the convenience, attractiveness, and normativeness of selecting healthy options; increasing the variety available; and attractive target food labeling.CONCLUSIONSOverall, this review identified the requirement for well‐designed and well‐controlled investigations into the effects of changing the choice architecture in school cafeterias, assessing short‐, medium‐, and long‐term changes in individual children's consumption, utilizing validated measures, and conducted across a variety of settings, including dining rooms of schools outside the United States.
Toward Trans Reproductive Justice: A Qualitative Analysis of Views on Fertility Preservation for Australian Transgender and Non‐binary People
Authors: Riggs Damien W. , Bartholomaeus Clare 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article draws on three Australian studies focused on views about fertility preservation among (1) parents of transgender and non‐binary children, (2) transgender and non‐binary adults, and (3) healthcare professionals working with transgender and non‐binary people. The first two studies were undertaken concurrently given the dearth of research on the topic in the Australian context, and the third study was then undertaken given a primary focus on healthcare professionals in responses to the first two studies. For the present article, a deductive thematic analysis framed by a reproductive justice lens was undertaken on qualitative data from each study. Findings from the first study suggest that while some parents may be supportive of their child's reproductive wishes, other parents may insist upon their child undertaking fertility preservation. In the second study, transgender and non‐binary adults emphasized that gamete retrieval may be framed in cisgenderist ways by healthcare professionals, and that professionals may endorse pronatalism. Finally, healthcare professionals reported normative views about gamete retrieval and framed fertility preservation as an “insurance policy.” This article concludes by considering what the findings have to suggest for the continued development of trans reproductive justice.
Paediatric clinicians' experiences of parental online health information seeking: A qualitative study
Authors: Shervington Lily , Wimalasundera Neil , Delany Clare 
Published: December 2019

AimThe aim of this research was to explore clinicians' experiences of parents' online health information seeking (OHIS) behaviour about selective dorsal rhizotomy for the management of cerebral palsy.MethodsUsing qualitative methodology, clinicians likely to have had experience with parents requesting selective dorsal rhizotomy were invited to participate in semi‐structured interviews. Interviews with 13 clinicians were recorded, transcribed and inductive content analysis was used to identify, code and organise the data into themes.ResultsParticipants highlighted how parental OHIS was changing clinical communication. Negative effects included a shift in clinicians' attention from giving advice and guidance to spending time discussing online findings, justifying how this information applies to a particular child and managing parents' judgments about clinical views. Positive effects included more collaboration and sharing of ideas. These results are presented in three main themes: (i) the informed parent; (ii) the clinicians' role; and (iii) a new clinical dynamic.ConclusionThis research reinforces the notion that OHIS is changing the communication dynamic and clinicians' and parents' roles within the clinical encounter. Of significance was the number of challenges clinicians are facing as a result of online information, including managing parental understanding of non‐evidenced information and responding to negative feedback about their practice. This research suggests a need for educational support and ongoing professional development for clinicians to assist them to adjust to new goals and expectations of clinical interactions with ‘informed’ parents.
Insects and incest: Sib‐mating tolerance in natural populations of a parasitoid wasp
Authors: Collet Marie , Amat Isabelle , Sauzet Sandrine , Auguste Alexandra , Fauvergue Xavier , Mouton Laurence , Desouhant Emmanuel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSib‐mating avoidance is a pervasive behaviour that is expected to evolve in species subject to inbreeding depression. Although laboratory studies provide elegant demonstrations, small‐scaled bioassays minimize the costs of mate finding and choice, and thus may produce spurious findings. We therefore combined laboratory experiments with field observations to examine the existence of inbreeding avoidance using the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens. In the laboratory, our approach consisted of mate‐choice experiments to assess kin discrimination in population cages with competitive interactions. A higher mating probability after sib rejections suggested that females could discriminate their sibs; however, in contrast to previous findings, sib‐mating avoidance was not observed. To compare our laboratory results to field data, we captured 241 individuals from two populations. Females laid eggs in the lab, and 226 daughters were obtained. All individuals were genotyped at 18 microsatellite loci, which allowed inference of the genotype of each female's mate and subsequently the relatedness within each mating pair. We found that the observed rate of sib‐mating did not differ from the probability that sibs encountered one another at random in the field, which is consistent with an absence of sib‐mating avoidance. In addition, we detected a weak but significant male‐biased dispersal, which could reduce encounters between sibs. We also found weak fitness costs associated with sib‐mating. As such, the sex‐biased dispersal that we found is probably sufficient to mitigate these costs. These results imply that kin discrimination has probably evolved for purposes other than mate choice, such as superparasitism avoidance.
Circumferential pulmonary vein antrum ablation for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xu Qiang , Ju Weizhu , Xiao Fangyi , Yang Bing , Chen Hongwu , Yang Gang , Zhang Fengxiang , Gu Kai , Li Mingfang , Wang Daowu , Chen Minglong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt remains unclear whether the curative result of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is a result of pulmonary vein (PV) isolation, PV antrum modification (PVAM), or both. We hypothesized that sufficient antrum modification (PVAM) is as important as PV isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation (AF) control and that PVAM can be evaluated by quantified lesion deployment using a force‐sensing catheter.Methods and ResultsPatients of symptomatic PAF were randomly assigned 2:1 into a PVAM group or a circumferential PV isolation (CPVI) group. In the PVAM group, circumferential quantitative ablation evaluated by automatical VisiTag module was performed. In the CPVI group, conventional circumferential ablation was performed to achieve the end point of all‐PV isolation. In total, 180 patients with PAF were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the PVAM group (n = 120) or the CPVI group (n = 60). A total of 179 patients successfully underwent ablation. In the PVAM group, 68 patients achieved all PVI (PVAM‐PVI), while 51 did not (PVAM‐non‐PVI). At 18 months, there was no significant difference in the maintenance of sinus rhythm between the PVAM and CPVI groups (84.9 vs 79.7%, P = .382). The PVAM‐PVI subgroup demonstrated a higher arrhythmia‐free survival compared with the PVAM‐non‐PVI subgroup (92.6 vs 74.5%, P = .006) and the CPVI group (92.6 vs 79.7%, P = .036).ConclusionsThe trial shows that sufficient force‐sensing guided PVAM can result in satisfying outcomes in PAF patients. Notably, sufficient PVAM with all‐PV isolated will further increase the success rate.
Microbial biogeography and ecology of the mouth and implications for periodontal diseases
Authors: Proctor Diana M. , Shelef Katie M. , Gonzalez Antonio , Davis Clara L. , Dethlefsen Les , Burns Adam R. , Loomer Peter M. , Armitage Gary C. , Ryder Mark I. , Millman Meredith E. , Knight Rob , Holmes Susan P. , Relman David A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn humans, the composition of microbial communities differs among body sites and between habitats within a single site. Patterns of variation in the distribution of organisms across time and space are referred to as “biogeography.” The human oral cavity is a critical observatory for exploring microbial biogeography because it is spatially structured, easily accessible, and its microbiota has been linked to the promotion of both health and disease. The biogeographic features of microbial communities residing in spatially distinct, but ecologically similar, environments on the human body, including the subgingival crevice, have not yet been adequately explored. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we seek to provide the dental community with a primer on biogeographic theory, highlighting its relevance to the study of the human oral cavity. We summarize what is known about the biogeographic variation of dental caries and periodontitis and postulate that disease occurrence reflects spatial patterning in the composition and structure of oral microbial communities. Second, we present a number of methods that investigators can use to test specific hypotheses using biogeographic theory. To anchor our discussion, we apply each method to a case study and examine the spatial variation of the human subgingival microbiota in 2 individuals. Our case study suggests that the composition of subgingival communities may conform to an anterior‐to‐posterior gradient within the oral cavity. The gradient appears to be structured by both deterministic and nondeterministic processes, although additional work is needed to confirm these findings. A better understanding of biogeographic patterns and processes will lead to improved efficacy of dental interventions targeting the oral microbiota.
Understanding resolution of inflammation in periodontal diseases: Is chronic inflammatory periodontitis a failure to resolve?
Authors: Van Dyke Thomas E. , Sima Corneliu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPeriodontitis is an infectious‐inflammatory disease that results from loss of balance between the commensal microbiome and the host response. The hyper‐inflammatory, uncontrolled inflammatory immune lesion promotes tissue damage and impedes effective bacterial clearance. In this review, the relationship between the microbiome and the inflammatory/immune response is explored in the context of a bi‐directional pathogenesis; bacteria induce inflammation and inflammation modifies the growth environment causing shifts in the composition of the microbiome. Resolution of inflammation is an active, receptor‐mediated process induced by specialized pro‐resolving lipid mediators. Inflammatory disease may, therefore, be the result of failure of resolution. Failure to resolve inflammation coupled with resultant microbiome changes is hypothesized to drive development of periodontitis. Re‐establishment of microbiome/host homeostasis by specialized pro‐resolving lipid mediator therapy suggests that microbiome dysbiosis, the host hyperinflammatory phenotype, and periodontitis can be reversed.
Multidisciplinary care for a patient with syndromic craniosynostosis: A case report with 20 years of special care
Authors: Shin Kyungsup , Moreno‐Uribe Lina M. , Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Burton Richard G. , Menezes Arnold H. , Fisher Mark D. , Weber‐Gasparoni Karin , Elangovan Satheesh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe functional and structural complexities accompanying syndromic craniosynostosis make dental care for these patients particularly challenging. We report a case of long‐term care for a syndromic craniosynostosis patient. The objective of this report is to introduce special care guidance and clinical recommendation, so that oral health care providers, as key members of a multidisciplinary care team, can provide optimal diagnosis, treatment, and management for the patient with syndromic craniosynostosis.Case ReportThe patient of this case report had a medical history of syndromic craniosynostosis involving multiple comorbidities. Over the past 20 years, a multidisciplinary care team has successfully treated the patient. Dental and medical procedures that the patient has received include cranial surgeries, prophylactic dental care, caries control, growth hormone therapy, comprehensive orthodontic treatment in conjunction with orthognathic surgeries, and plastic surgery.ConclusionOral health care providers can play essential roles in multidisciplinary care for patients with craniosynostosis by understanding the patients’ unique oral health conditions and dentofacial deformities. To provide optimal oral health care in a multidisciplinary team, clear communication between the members of the care team is crucial.
The myth of the “data‐driven” society: Exploring the interactions of data interfaces, circulations, and abstractions
Authors: Lee Ashlin J. , Cook Peta S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe prominence of data and data technologies in society, such as algorithms, social media, mobile technology, and artificial intelligence, have heralded numerous claims of the revolutionary potential of these systems. From public policy, to business management, to scientific research, a “data‐driven” society is apparently imminent—or currently happening—where “objective” and asocial data systems are believed to be comprehensively improving human life. Through a review of existing sociological literature, in this article, we critically examine the relationship between data and society and propose a new model for understanding these dynamics. “Using the concept of the informatic,” we argue the relationship between data and society can be understood as representing the interaction of several different social trends around data; that of data interfaces (that connect individuals to digital contexts), data circulation (trends in the movement and storage of data), and data abstraction (data manipulation practices). Data and data technologies are founded to be entwined and embedded in numerous social relationships, and while not all are fair and equitable relationships, there is ample evidence of the deeply social nature of data across many streams of social life. Our three‐part informatic framework allows these complex relationships to be understood in the social dynamic through which they are witnessed and experienced.
Reassessment of the status of Lymantria albescens and Lymantria postalba (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) as distinct ‘Asian gypsy moth’ species, using both mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data
Authors: Djoumad Abdelmadjid , Nisole Audrey , Stewart Don , Holden Dave , Zahiri Reza , Inoue Maki N. , Martemyanov Viatcheslav V. , Levesque Roger C. , Hamelin Richard C. , Cusson Michel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFor regulatory purposes, the name ‘Asian gypsy moth’ refers to a group of closely related Asian Lymantria species and subspecies whose female moths display flight capability, a trait believed to confer enhanced invasiveness relative to the European gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar dispar, whose females are flightless. Lymantria albescens and Lymantria postalba are Asian gypsy moths occurring in the southern Ryukyu Islands and in the northern Ryukyu and adjacent Kyushu and Shikoku Islands of Japan, respectively. Although once considered subspecies of L. dispar, their status as distinct species, relative to the latter, is now well established. While postalba was subsequently considered a subspecies of L. albescens, largely on the basis of differences in forewing ground colour in males, both taxa were later given distinct species status by Pogue & Schaefer (2007) following their revision of the genus Lymantria. Here, we re‐examined the validity of this revised status through the sequencing of a large portion of the mitochondrial genome (c. 60%) and multiple nuclear marker genes [elongation factor 1‐alpha (Ef‐1α), wingless (Wgl), internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS‐2), ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5)] in representative specimens of both taxa and other Lymantria species, including L. monacha, L. xylina, L. mathura and members of the L. dispar + L. umbrosa clade. A comparison of the number of substitutions in these genomic regions among the taxa we considered showed lower or equivalent variation between L. albescens and L. postalba compared with subspecies of L. dispar, for mitochondrial and nuclear sequences, respectively. This finding was reflected in the maximum likelihood trees generated independently for mitochondrial and nuclear data, where L. albescens and L. postalba formed, in both analyses, a short‐branch sister clade basal to the L. dispar + L. umbrosa clade. We further sequenced three markers [cytochrome c oxydase 1 (COI), EF‐1α, Wgl] in multiple L. albescens–L. postalba specimens collected along a south‐to‐north transect across the Ryukyu Arc and observed no clear distinction among the sampled specimens as a function of taxonomic designation. We conclude that L. albescens and L. postalba form a single species, with postalba representing a darker‐winged morph along an apparent south‐to‐north wing colour cline. Accordingly, L. postalba is relegated to synonymy under L. albescens (syn.n.).