bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clause order and syntactic integration patterns in Dutch conditionals
Authors: Reuneker Alex 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConditional clauses in Dutch can occur in sentence-initial and sentence-final position. For sentence-initial conditionals, a number of syntactic integration patterns are available. This corpus study investigates to what extent clause order and syntactic integration are associated with text mode (spoken, written) and register (formal, informal). Sentence-initial position of the conditional clause is shown to be most frequent in both modes and registers, although sentence-final position is more frequent than one would expect based on the literature, especially in written texts. The distribution of syntactic integration patterns shows a clear difference between modes, as full integration of the conditional clause into the main clause is most frequent in written texts, whereas the use of the resumptive elementdan(‘then’) is most frequent in spoken texts.
All good and well
Authors: Wouden Ton van der 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Dutch expression goed en wel ‘good and well’ is polysemous. In one of its uses, goed
en wel combines with a universal quantifier alles or allemaal ‘all’ and the
conjunction maar ‘but’. The resulting construction is typically used to introduce a contrary reaction to an
earlier utterance or suggestion. The combination is shown to fit into a larger class of pragmatic operators, which are argued to
be instances of lexicalized pragmatics.
Disk evolution of the M87’s nucleus observed in 2008
Authors: Xiang Fei , Cheng Cheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We report the discovery of year-scale X-ray variation in the nuclear region of the M87 by reanalyze the eight Chandra observations from 2007 to 2008. The X-ray spectra are fitted and decomposed into disk and flaring components. This year-scale X-ray variability can be explained quite well by a simple clumpy accretion model. We conclude that the central super-massive black hole of M87 was accreting a cloud of ∼ 0.5 M
⊙ at that time.
A coarse-to-fine strategy for the registration of the multi-wavelength high-resolution solar images
Authors: Wang Rui , Xu Zhi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The registration of multi-wavelength high-resolution solar images is an important task in the research of solar physics. This paper proposed a coarse-to-fine strategy to realize the accurate registration of high-resolution photospheric images and chromospheric images observed by the New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST) whose field-of-view is about 2′ ∼ 3′, and the spatial resolution can reach 0.1″ after image reconstruction. In this strategy, the full-disk solar images with relatively lower resolution taken by other space- or ground-based telescopes are taken as transition images, and the Fourier-Merlin transform, Template matching and a local statistical information based algorithm are used in combination. After registration, the geometric transformation between multi-wavelength images of NVST are corrected at the level of sub-arcseconds, including the rotation, scaling and translation relations. Two sets of data observed in active regions (i.e., the NOAA 11982 and the NOAA 12673) are used to illustrate our method step by step. The result shows that the registration accuracy can reach less than 1″. Moreover, this work also has facilitated the combination of high-resolution observations of NVST with the continuum, ultraviolet passbands and magnetic field observations of the Solar Dynamic Observation (SDO), which is highly beneficial to the multi-instrument joint measurement of solar activities.
What is the hydrologically effective area of a catchment?
Authors: Liu Yan , Wagener Thorsten , Beck Hylke E , Hartmann Andreas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Topographically delineated catchments are the common spatial unit to connect human activities and climate change with their consequences for water availability as a prerequisite for sustainable water management. However, inter-catchment groundwater flow and limited connectivity within the catchment results in effective catchment areas different from those suggested by surface topography. Here, we introduce the notion of effective catchment area quantified through an effective catchment index (ECI), derived from observed streamflow, precipitation and actual evapotranspiration estimates, to understand the prevalence and significance of substantial differences between topographic and effective catchment areas in a global dataset. We evaluate our ECI analysis by comparing it to hydraulic head simulations of a global groundwater flow model and to the Budyko framework. We find that one in three studied catchments exhibit an effective catchment area either larger than double or smaller than half of their topographic area. These catchments will likely be affected by management activities such as groundwater pumping or land use change outside their topographic boundaries. Or alternatively, they affect water resources beyond their topographic boundaries. We find that the magnitude of the observed differences is strongly linked to aridity, mean slope, distance to coast, and topographic area. Our study provides a first-order identification of catchments where additional in-depth analysis of subsurface connectivity is needed to support sustainable water management.
Shallow peat is most vulnerable to high peat burn severity during wildfire
Authors: Wilkinson S L , Tekatch A M , Markle C E , Moore P A , Waddington J M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Peatlands typically act as carbon sinks, however, increasing wildfire severity and annual area burned may challenge this carbon sink status. Whilst most peat resistance to wildfire and drought research is based on deep peatlands that rarely lose their water table below the peat profile, shallow peatlands and peat deposits may be most vulnerable to high peat burn severity and extensive carbon loss. To examine the role of pre-fire peat depth on peat burn severity, we measured the depth of burn (DOB) in peat of varying depths (0.1–1.6 m) within a rock barrens landscape. We found that DOB (0–0.4 m) decreased with increasing pre-fire peat depth, and that there was a strong correlation between the percent of the profile that burned and pre-fire peat depth. Breakpoint analysis indicates a threshold depth of 0.66 m where deeper peat deposits experienced little impact of wildfire, whereas shallower peat typically experienced high peat burn severity (median percent burned = 2.2 and 65.1, respectively). This threshold also corresponded to the loss of the water table in some nearby unburned peatlands, where water table drawdown rates were greater in shallower peat. We suggest that peat depth may control peat burn severity through feedbacks that regulate water table drawdown. As such, we argue that the identification of a critical peat depth threshold could have important implications for wildfire management and peatland restoration aiming to protect vulnerable carbon stores.
Quantum evolution with a large number of negative decoherence rates
Authors: Siudzińska Katarzyna , Chruściński Dariusz 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We analyze the evolution of open quantum systems governed by time-local master equations beyond the Markovian semigroup. Non-Markovian effects are usually attributed to the negativity of some decoherence rates in the time-dependent generator. For the qubit dynamics, it is well known that there can be one permanently negative rate in the so-called eternally non-Markovian evolution. We show that for qudits one can have (d − 1)2 out of the total d
2 − 1 rates that are always negative, and the evolution is still physically legitimate—that is, represented by a completely positive, trace-preserving dynamical map.
Prior Study for the Biology and Economic Condition as Rapidly Environmental Change of Limboto Lake in Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: Kasamatsu Hiroki , Jahja Mohamad , Indriati Arifin Yayu , Baga Magdalena , Shimagami Motoko , Sakakibara Masayuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
It is estimated that Water area of Limboto Lake will disappear before 2030. Groundwater is also decreasing. Those phenomena affect biological environment of lake. Lotus that perennial plant disappeared because water depth is falling 15cm/year and water hyacinth that brought by river multiply from around 2000. Those rapidly environmental change and fish farming from 1995 influenced that fishes are small and few than past. And flood is happen every rainy season. People who live around lake choice modern style house and filled 1m depth water flood. It is thought that their economic condition might relate to their choice. Fisher’s earning is approximately Rp.51-16million/year, farmer’s one is Rp.10-17million/year. Their income is not much at all. The possibility that their economic conditions worsen more is very high in situation of rapidly environmental change. It is necessary how to develop new sustainable work under the present conditions.
The Stakeholder’s Position Map Related to the Mercury Pollution Reduction Program in Bombana Area, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Basri  , Sakakibara Masayuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe rapid expansion of the artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) industry in developing countries has resulted in occupational exposure to mercury via the gold extraction process. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, interest, position, and power of stakeholders for the implementation of the mercury pollution reduction program. This study involved ten stakeholders as representatives from different backgrounds in the Bombana regency. The results of the analysis show that the health department, environmental agency, and village head are stakeholders who have a high level of knowledge and interest in the program. The assessment based on position and partnership indicates that the health department and local university have high-level power/leadership and become the great potential supporter. Stakeholders with the potential to become opponent are traditional land owners, mining companies, and local activists. The priority strategy recommended from this study is to initiate active communication to stakeholders and create a clear guidance on the implementation of the program. Also, an effective approach is needed to create the mutually beneficial cooperation agreement to avoid provocation and conflict.
Traffic Management and Engineering Analysis of the Manahan Flyover Area by using Traffic Micro-Simulation VISSIM
Authors: Yulianto Budi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The location of the Manahan railway level crossing is a meeting point for movement between trains and vehicles which often causes traffic congestion and traffic accidents in the area. In connection with the construction of the double track railway, the intensity of traffic congestion in the Manahan railway level crossing area is increasing. In order to overcome traffic congestion in the area, the Surakarta City Government built Manahan Flyover infrastructure. However, due to traffic management and engineering in the existing conditions is not optimal resulting in a relatively bad traffic congestion in Manahan Flyover area. The aim of this study is to conduct traffic management and engineering analysis to minimize traffic congestion in Manahan Flyover area. The traffic micro-simulation VISSIM model is used to evaluate the performance of road networks at peak traffic conditions with different simulation model scenarios. The existing model is built based on a field survey data and then calibrated it to approximate conditions on the field. Then based on the existing model, modelling of several traffic management and engineering scenarios are carried out to obtain the optimal performance of the road network in the Manahan Flyover area. The analysis shows that the simulation model Scenario 3 produces the best performance of road network in terms of vehicle delay, queue length, travel time and speed
Correlation of Undrained Shear Strength and Liquidity Index of Fine-Grained Soils in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Miranda Hutabarat Gilberta , Widjaja Budijanto 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The undrained shear strength of fine-grained soils is an important property in geotechnical engineering. However, the process of determining undrained shear strength can be challenging. Hence, the correlation of undrained shear strength with other soil properties needs to be established. Several studies have estimated undrained shear strength using the liquidity index. In the current study, we aim to find the best correlation of undrained shear strength and liquidity index of fine-grained soils in West Java, Indonesia at various water contents using the form of correlation of undrained shear strength and liquidity index and also factors influencing the undrained shear strength. The values of undrained shear strength and liquidity index are obtained by laboratory test and data collection from previous studies of soils in West Java. Results show a good linear relationship between the logarithmic value of undrained shear strength and liquidity index for 173 variations of soil samples. We also can conclude that the undrained shear strength of fine-grained soils is controlled by the proportion of finer grains presence and also the plasticity of the soils.
Correlation between Plasticity Index and Methylene Blue Value to Determining Soil Classification
Authors: Suhendra Nugraha Andrias , Rahardjo Paulus P. , Hutapea Bigman M. , Sadisun Imam A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Most soil classification systems developed for geotechnical engineering purposes are based on simple index properties such as grain size distribution and plasticity. In Indonesia, the use of the methylene blue value, VBS, is still rarely used, compared to Atterberg limits that commonly used to determine the value of the plasticity index, PI. Therefore, this study aims to gain a correlation between PI and VBS. Coarse-grained soil with fines (clay and silt) contents varies from 12.36% to 29.45% are used of this study. The linear correlation between PI and VBS produces a linear equation with a coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.854 for 0.62 < VBS < 2.39. The PI obtained from the correlation to VBS that combined with the sieve analysis results can then be used for soil classification based on the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS).
Natural Flocculant VS Chemical Flocculant Where Is Better To Used In Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Zaman Badrus , Hardyanti Nurandani , Arief Budiharjo M. , Budi Prasetyo S. , Ramadhandi Aldiansyah , Tri Listiyawati Arum 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, Coagulation-flocculation process is still common method were used in both large and small scale in wastewater treatment. It’s process an effective method as pretreatment. Flocculant (natural aid) can use many material is an important factors for coagulation-flocculation process. Many materials were used for coagulant-flocculant aid, but typically can be divided into chemical, grafted and or natural aid. Chemical flocculant was made from monomers formed to electrolytes polymers, that is cationic polymers, anionic polymers or non-ionic polymers, such as polyacrylamide have been widely used for decades. Grafted flocculants were synthesized by combining the properties of polymers, both synthetic and natural by ‘connect to’ method, such as Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (polyDADMAC or polyDDA). Whereas natural flocculant can be derived from seed of plantago, ovata, moringa, olifiera, etc. Some natural starch can be used as natural aid also. The main advantages of natural flocculant are their renewability, biodegradability, nontoxicity and relative costeffectiveness. but for development in the future constrained by some challanges, Natural flocculant tend to have shorter live which caused by biodegradability of active component, floc will loose. Besides that, chemical flocculants are used because of their easy use. However, in many studies, the usage of chemical flocculant will have an important environmental impact, such as, producing toxic sludge containing metal hydroxides which causes problems with their disposal and increasing metal concentrations (eg aluminum) which can have an impact on the sustainability of human health. This paper will review some chemical flocculant and natural flocculant also tell about environmental affect, both disadvantages and potential which is better used to wastewater treatment.
The Study of Quality Control Management that Influence the Implementation of Technical Standards for Class C Hospital Buildings in Tangerang Districs
Authors: Andina Fajriah Milla , Simanjuntak Manlian Ronald A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Based on research issues regarding the implementation of hospital building technical standards that are often ignored, especially from the quality control process so that there is no improvement in quality, the research problems that will be resolved are analyzing the understanding and indicators regarding; quality control management, and the application of technical standards in class C hospital buildings. This study examines the main aspects of quality control management, quality control circles, and PDCA Cycles (plans, actions, checks, actions) as a program in the implementation of factors that affect quality control management. Applying the technical standard of class C hospital buildings was assessed based on the provisions of the ministry of health. As a consideration of this research examines the portrait of the project under study, which is a case study of Class C Hospital in Tangerang Districts and highlights relevant research results in the past 10 years. Qualitative methods sourced from secondary data will be used to study understanding and indicators in discussing research problems. In the results of this study it can be concluded that the factors of quality control management can hinder the application of hospital building technical standards so that it can affect the quality of the building which has an impact on the comfort and safety of building users. This research produces answers to research problems that will provide recommendations for improvement for service users so that it can have a positive impact on the implementation of the project.
Risk analysis of toll road construction project by using soft system methodology (ssm) a case study of Sumatera trans toll road section 1 Bakauheni – Kalianda
Authors: Enriko Tosulpa M. , Najid  
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Toll construction project never loses its touch of various kinds of trouble well as well as a problem as well as technical and non-technical matters. This energy problem occurred as a result of various factors that are considered to be as to risk a construction project.risk the loan would also be a great deal to perform and leaving close to lose in case the cost of, improvement in the quality of, and time, determine the success of a different project it was. For that reason it is, objectives of the study are to identify and analyze the hour by hour there is very little risk that might happen to the case studies to invest in a project in a qualitative manner uses the method soft system patients outside the system methodology (SSM) on a case study toll construction project a trance the company plantations in Sumatra bakauheni-terbanggi large section 1 bakauheni - kalianda (sta .00 + 400 was sta .20 + 000). This report is written with uses the technique purpose the sampling method to collect the data of the six respondents in the present study.The method of analysis of the data used in this study is very little risk of the probability of testing to be the case, there is very little risk the fit and proper test assumed that as a consequence, and soft system patients outside the system methodology (SSM).
Project Cost Risk Identification and Construction Performance Indicators of High-rise Building in DKI Jakarta (Case Study: PT. X)
Authors: Simanjuntak Manlian Ronald A. , Virgina Suryaningrum Intan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
According to Skyscraper Center, a website for world’s tall builidings database Indonesia ranked 7th globally for most –have tall buildings country. As for the city category Jakarta itself ranked 10th globally with 407 buildings.
A High-rise building project has its own uniqueness such as involves many disciplines and complexities also high risk of uncertainty. Cost factor is one of the biggest risk which is the contractor should consider the most. The most responsible people, the contractor required to understand and have an ability how to manage many aspects such as cost risk to achieve the project goals: the optimum cost performance, quality and schedule which were budgeted and agreed upon. This research aimed to identify the risk of project cost and construction performance indicators.
The stages of methodology of this research as followed, studied the relevant issues, identified the research’s concern, prepared the research’s instruments, analyzed the research’s concern and discussed the results. The quantitative method applied in this research. Primary and secondary source of data used in this research.
Utilization of rainwater harvesting installation to fulfil water needs in educational buildings
Authors: Lestari Endah , Pranoto Wati A , Makarim Chaidir A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The fulfillment of STT-PLN water needs to be supplied from ground water. This will be decreased soil and soil water discharge due to large quantities of consumption. Areas of Indonesia have a high rainfall, i.e. 2, 000-4, 000 mm/year, should not have to worry about the availability of clean water. The problem faced is that there is no adequate management of rainwater. Based on these problems, it is necessary to develop methods of managing rainwater, harvesting and utilizing rainwater to meet the needs of clean water and water conservation for the sustainability of the carrying capacity of the environment. By calculating using 15 years daily rainfall data and roofing area as a catchment area to obtain the volume of potential water. The aim of this research is to analyze the amount of rainwater volume that can be accommodated in the rainwater harvesting system and to be processed as a clean water consumption.
Flexural & impact characteristics of kevlar fibre & coir fibre reinforced with epoxy hybrid composites
Authors: Vinaykumar M J , Srikantappa A. S , Ramkumar M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Now a days Composite materials plays a very good replacement for a regular materials or it is complementing a materials in existence. Hybrid composite were manufactured by taking into the account of Kevlar 49 a synthetic fiber, coir fiber a natural fiber with different volume fractions and Bentonite powder as a filler material. Treatment of natural fiber also been made. The impact resistance offered by the Kevlar 49 fibre is higher and it is given more importance with coir fibre also taken into the consideration. Epoxy resins is used as matrix phase in the production of hybrid composites. The effects of Flexural strength, Impact strength on the hybrid composites are discussed.