bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the Actual Zinc and Iron Intakes in Breastfed Infants: Protocol for a Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Dumrongwongsiri Oraporn , Winichagoon Pattanee , Chongviriyaphan Nalinee , Suthutvoravut Umaporn , Grote Veit , Koletzko Berthold 
Published: October 2020

Background
Zinc and iron deficiencies among breastfed infants during the first 6 months of life have been reported in previous studies. The amounts of zinc and iron intakes from breast milk are factors that contribute to the zinc and iron status of breastfed infants.

Objective
This study aims to quantitatively determine zinc and iron intakes by breastfed infants during the first 4 months of life and to investigate the factors that predict zinc and iron status in breastfed infants.

Methods
Pregnant women at 28 to 34 weeks of gestation were enrolled. Zinc and iron status during pregnancy was assessed. At delivery, cord blood was analyzed for zinc and iron levels. Participants and their babies were followed at 2 and 4 months postpartum. Maternal dietary intakes and anthropometric measurements were performed. The amount of breast milk intake was assessed using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique. Breast milk samples were collected for determination of zinc and iron levels. The amount of zinc and iron consumed by infants was calculated. Zinc and iron status was determined in mothers and infants at 4 months postpartum.

Results
A total of 120 pregnant women were enrolled, and 80 mother-infant pairs completed the study (56 provided full breastfeeding, and 24 provided breast milk with infant formula). All data are being managed and cleaned. Statistical analysis will be done.

Conclusions
This study will provide information on zinc and iron intakes in exclusively breastfed infants during the first 4 months of life and explore predictive factors and the possible association of zinc and iron intakes with infant growth and nutrient status.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/19119
Utilization of Self-Diagnosis Health Chatbots in Real-World Settings: Case Study
Authors: Fan Xiangmin , Chao Daren , Zhang Zhan , Wang Dakuo , Li Xiaohua , Tian Feng 
Published: October 2020

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven chatbots are increasingly being used in health care, but most chatbots are designed for a specific population and evaluated in controlled settings. There is little research documenting how health consumers (eg, patients and caregivers) use chatbots for self-diagnosis purposes in real-world scenarios.

Objective
The aim of this research was to understand how health chatbots are used in a real-world context, what issues and barriers exist in their usage, and how the user experience of this novel technology can be improved.

Methods
We employed a data-driven approach to analyze the system log of a widely deployed self-diagnosis chatbot in China. Our data set consisted of 47,684 consultation sessions initiated by 16,519 users over 6 months. The log data included a variety of information, including users’ nonidentifiable demographic information, consultation details, diagnostic reports, and user feedback. We conducted both statistical analysis and content analysis on this heterogeneous data set.

Results
The chatbot users spanned all age groups, including middle-aged and older adults. Users consulted the chatbot on a wide range of medical conditions, including those that often entail considerable privacy and social stigma issues. Furthermore, we distilled 2 prominent issues in the use of the chatbot: (1) a considerable number of users dropped out in the middle of their consultation sessions, and (2) some users pretended to have health concerns and used the chatbot for nontherapeutic purposes. Finally, we identified a set of user concerns regarding the use of the chatbot, including insufficient actionable information and perceived inaccurate diagnostic suggestions.

Conclusions
Although health chatbots are considered to be convenient tools for enhancing patient-centered care, there are issues and barriers impeding the optimal use of this novel technology. Designers and developers should employ user-centered approaches to address the issues and user concerns to achieve the best uptake and utilization. We conclude the paper by discussing several design implications, including making the chatbots more informative, easy-to-use, and trustworthy, as well as improving the onboarding experience to enhance user engagement.
COVID-19 Surveillance in a Primary Care Sentinel Network: In-Pandemic Development of an Application Ontology
Authors: de Lusignan Simon , Liyanage Harshana , McGagh Dylan , Jani Bhautesh Dinesh , Bauwens Jorgen , Byford Rachel , Evans Dai , Fahey Tom , Greenhalgh Trisha , Jones Nicholas , Mair Frances S , Okusi Cecilia , Parimalanathan Vaishnavi , Pell Jill P , Sherlock Julian , Tamburis Oscar , Tripathy Manasa , Ferreira Filipa , Williams John , Hobbs F D Richard 
Published: October 2020

Background
Creating an ontology for COVID-19 surveillance should help ensure transparency and consistency. Ontologies formalize conceptualizations at either the domain or application level. Application ontologies cross domains and are specified through testable use cases. Our use case was an extension of the role of the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) to monitor the current pandemic and become an in-pandemic research platform.

Objective
This study aimed to develop an application ontology for COVID-19 that can be deployed across the various use-case domains of the RCGP RSC research and surveillance activities.

Methods
We described our domain-specific use case. The actor was the RCGP RSC sentinel network, the system was the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the outcomes were the spread and effect of mitigation measures. We used our established 3-step method to develop the ontology, separating ontological concept development from code mapping and data extract validation. We developed a coding system–independent COVID-19 case identification algorithm. As there were no gold-standard pandemic surveillance ontologies, we conducted a rapid Delphi consensus exercise through the International Medical Informatics Association Primary Health Care Informatics working group and extended networks.

Results
Our use-case domains included primary care, public health, virology, clinical research, and clinical informatics. Our ontology supported (1) case identification, microbiological sampling, and health outcomes at an individual practice and at the national level; (2) feedback through a dashboard; (3) a national observatory; (4) regular updates for Public Health England; and (5) transformation of a sentinel network into a trial platform. We have identified a total of 19,115 people with a definite COVID-19 status, 5226 probable cases, and 74,293 people with possible COVID-19, within the RCGP RSC network (N=5,370,225).

Conclusions
The underpinning structure of our ontological approach has coped with multiple clinical coding challenges. At a time when there is uncertainty about international comparisons, clarity about the basis on which case definitions and outcomes are made from routine data is essential.
PENENTUAN KADAR LEMAK PADA FESES IKAN KERAPU MACAN (EPINEPHELUS FUSCOGUTTATUS) DENGAN METODE GRAVIMETRI MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT METANOL – KLOROFORM
Authors: Jayadiningrat Made Gautama 
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menentukan kadar lemak yang terdapat pada feses ikan kerapu macan, (2) mengetahui pengaruh variasi formulasi pakan terhadap kadar lemak pada feses ikan tersebut, dan (3) mengetahui pengaruh kondisi lingkungan, terutama suhu air terhadap kadar lemak pada feses ikan bersangkutan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah ikan kerapu macan (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) yang diperoleh dari Balai Besar Riset Perikanan Budidaya Laut Gondol-Bali dan objek penelitiannya adalah kadar lemak pada feses ikan tersebut. Kadar lemak ditentukan dengan metode gravimetri menggunakan pelarut campuran metanol-kloroform (1:1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa (1) kadar lemak dalam feses ikan kerapu macan berkisar antara 3,51 – 13,36 % pada pagi hari, dan 5,90 – 16,40 % pada siang hari, (2) variasi formulasi pakan yang diberikan sangat menentukan besar kecilnya kandungan kadar lemak dalam feses ikan tersebut, dan (3) perubahan kondisi lingkungan, yaitu peningkatan suhu air menyebabkan tingginya kandungan kadar lemak dalam feses ikan bersangkutan.
PENURUNAN KEKERUHAN, KADAR LAS DAN FOSFAT LIMBAH CUCIAN RUMAH TANGGA DENGAN METODE KOMBINASI PENGOLAHAN KOAGULASI DAN PROSES OKSIDASI LANJUT SISTEM UV/H2O2
Authors: Wiguna I Made Candra , Yuningrat Ni Wayan , Gunamantha I Made 
Published: October 2020

Peneliatian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekeruhan, kadar LAS (Linier Alkyl Sulfonate) dan fosfat pada limbah cucian rumah tangga di salah satu pemukiman padat penduduk di kawasan Kota Singaraja sesuai Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup KEP 51/MENLH/10/1995. Subjek penelitian ini adalah limbah cucian rumah tangga di salah satu pemukiman padat penduduk di kawasan Kota Singaraja, sedangkan objek dari penelitian ini adalah kekeruhan, kadar LAS (Linier Alkyl Sulfonate) dan fosfat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode koagulasi dengan koagulan FeCl3. Metode koagulasi ini untuk menentukan pH dan konsentrasi optimum FeCl3 dikombinasikan dengan proses AOP sistem UV/H2O2 untuk menurunkan kekeruhan, kadar LAS dan fosfat pada limbah cucian rumah tangga. Sebelum percobaan dilakukan, kekeruhan, kadar LAS dan fosfat ditentukan terlebih dahulu nilai kekeruhan awal limbah cucian rumah tangga tersebut sebelum diberikan perlakuan yaitu 164 NTU, kadar LAS awal tanpa perlakuan yaitu 2,659 mg/L, dan kadar fosfatt awal tanpa perlakuan 0,988 mg/L. Kondisi optimum pada proses koagulasi untuk pengolahan limbah cucian rumah tangga dengan penambahan 25 mL koagulan FeCl3 2% pada pH 4. Efisiensi penurunan kekeruhan LAS dan fosfat berturut-turut pada kondisi tersebut adalah 90,7%, 72,9% dan 89,2%.Efisiensi penurunan kekeruhan, kadar LAS dan fosfat dari proses dengan Proses AOP Sistem UV/H2O2 berturut-turut adalah 72,5% , 93,3% dan 96,2% Efisiensi penurunan nilai kekeruhan, kadar LAS dan fosfat dari kombinasi proses koagulasi dan AOP sistem UV/H2O2 berturut-turut sebesar 97,4%, 98,1% dan 99,5%.
Pengembangan Media PowerPoint IPA Untuk Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri Samirono
Authors: Wijayanti Widya , Christian Relmasira Stefanus 
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Research and Development yang menghasilkan media berupa media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi terutama media PowerPoint IPA untuk siswa kelas IV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk kebutuhan sekolah, meningkatkan ketertarikan dan menghasilkan media PowerPoint untuk peserta didik yang layak. Pengembangan media PowerPoint dilakukan dengan 3 langkah pokok yang harus dilakukan yaitu yang Pertama, studi pendahuluan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan Sekolah Dasar dan pentingnya media. Kedua, penyusunan draft produk memulai tahap pembuatan desain PowerPoint, validasi materi, validasi media. Ketiga, uji coba produk untuk siswa kelas IV. Hasil penelitian ini berupa media pembelajaran berbasis Teknologi terutama PowerPoint yang berisi materi pendidikan IPA Subtema 2 yang telah divalidasi oleh ahli media, ahli materi, dan dinyatakan layak. Media PowerPoint telah diuji cobakan kepada siswa Sekolah Dasar dan siswa mampu memahami materi IPA tentang Selalu Menghemat Energi. Pada tujuan Pengembangan Media PowerPoint IPA menggunakan model AADIE untuk mengetahuo seberapa tinggi validasi produk model oleh ahli. Valdasi materi pembelajaran oleh ahli materi diperoleh sebesar 75,5% dengan kategori tinggi dan validasi media pembelajaran oleh ahli media diperoleh sebesar 46,25% dengan kategori tinggi. Selain mengetahui seberapa tinggi validasi ahli juga untuk melihat apakah media PowerPoint dapat menarik siswa dalam pembelajaran menggunakan teknologi.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TAKE AND GIVE BERBANTUAN MEDIA QUESTION CARD TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PENGETAHUAN PPKN
Authors: Juliarta I Wayan Agus , Putra Made , Oka Negara I Gusti Agung 
Published: October 2020

Jenis Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah kuantitatif dengan desain Eksperimen semu dan rancangannya non equivalen control group. Populasinya seluruh kelas V yang ada di Gugus Letda Made Putra yang terdiri dari 11 kelas dengan dua sampel penelitian diambil dengan cara random sampling terdapat sampel eksperimen yang diterapkan model Take and Give berbantuan Question Card untuk kelas V SD 18 Dangin Puri sebanyak 39 siswa dan kelas V Sd 2 Dangin Puri sebanyak 39 siswa sebagai kontrol yang dibelajarkan secara konvensional. Pengumpulan datanya menggunakan metode tes berupa tes objektif pilihan ganda biasa. Setelah dilakukan penelitian menunjukakan adanya perbedaan kompetensi pengetahuan PPKn kedua kelompok. Terbukti dari nilai rata – rata kelompok eksperimen yaitu X̅ = 0,733 lebih dari kelompok kontrol X̅= 0.445. dan setelah dianalisis menggunakan t-test dengan rumus polled varians. Diperoleh ananlisis datanya (thitung=1,789 > ttabel =1,992) dengan alpha 5% dan (dk =39+39-2=76) maka penolakan Ho dan penerimaan Ha yang berarti adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antar kedua kelompok sampel. Maka dari itu dengan penerapan model Take and Give berbantuan media Question Card memberi Pengaruh Pada Kompetensi Pengetahuan PPKn kelas V SD Gugus Letda Made Putra Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020.
INNOVACIÓN CONFLICTIVA EN LA DOCENCIA UNIVERSITARIA ESPAÑOLA: FORMACIÓN DE MAESTROS INNOVADORES. ESTUDIO EVALUATIVO Y BIOGRÁFICO
Authors: Paredes-Labra Joaquín 
Published: October 2020

Este estudio analiza las dificultades para impulsar transformaciones en la docencia universitaria, en concreto de la formación de docentes. Los objetivos son clarificar concepciones propias sobre el currículo, así como las dificultades surgidas, al tiempo que se genera un aprendizaje compartido con otros innovadores que reflexionan conjuntamente. El referencial teórico del trabajo hunde sus raíces tanto en una idea de pedagogía abierta que propicia la puesta en marcha del Espacio europeo de educación superior como en la pedagogía post-formal de Kincheloe. La metodología es de tipo evaluativo y biográfico-narrativo, basada en evidencias recogidas a lo largo de una trayectoria profesional como docente. Entre los principales resultados cabe plantear cómo el docente que investiga sobre su propia práctica toma conciencia de las fortalezas y dificultades para practicar innovaciones con pedagogías abiertas y post-formales.
O design e a (re)formulação e resolução de problemas com o uso de Tecnologias Digitais na formação inicial de professores de Matemática<br>The design and (re)formulation and problem solving with the use of digital technologies in mathematics teachers’ initial education
Authors: Figueiredo Fabiane Fischer , Groenwald Claudia Lisete Oliveira 
Published: October 2020

ResumoNeste artigo apresentam-se os resultados de uma investigação qualitativa, em que futuros professores de Matemática tiveram a oportunidade de (re)formular e resolver um problema norteador com o uso de tecnologias digitais, cujo design foi realizado pelas professoras formadoras, para que discutissem e refletissem sobre tal experiência e produzissem conhecimentos. No decorrer do processo, eles trabalharam em grupo, de forma colaborativa, utilizaram as tecnologias digitais e discutiram e refletiram, ao tomarem decisões. Tal experiência contribuiu para que (re)construíssem as concepções acerca da (re)formulação e resolução de problemas com o uso de tecnologias digitais, do design de problemas abertos e da abordagem de temas de relevância social, que favoreçam o ensino e a aprendizagem de conhecimentos matemáticos.Palavras-chave: Design de problemas, (Re)formulação e resolução de problemas, Tecnologias digitais, Formação inicial de professores de Matemática. AbstractThis paper presents the results of a qualitative investigation, in which future mathematics teachers had the opportunity to problem posing and solve a guiding problem with the use of digital technologies, designed by the teacher teachers, to discuss and reflect on such an experience and produce knowledge. Throughout the process, they collaboratively worked together, used digital technologies, and discussed and reflected as they made decisions. This experience contributed to (re)build the conceptions about problem posing and solving with the use of digital technologies, the design of open problems and the approach of themes of social relevance, which favor the teaching and learning of Mathematical knowledge.Keywords: Design of problems, Problem posing and solving, Digital Technologies, Initial formation of Mathematics teachers.ResumenEste artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cualitativa, en la cual los futuros maestros de matemáticas tuvieron la oportunidad de (re)formular y resolver un problema orientador con el uso de tecnologías digitales, cuyo diseño fue realizado por los maestros de capacitación, para que pudieran discutir y reflexionar sobre tal experiencia y producir conocimiento. Durante el proceso, trabajaron en grupos, en colaboración, utilizaron tecnologías digitales y discutieron y reflexionaron al tomar decisiones. Dicha experiencia contribuyó a la (re)construcción de las concepciones sobre la (re)formulación y resolución de problemas con el uso de tecnologías digitales, el diseño de problemas abiertos y el enfoque de temas de relevancia social, que favorecen la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de conocimiento matemáticoPalabras clave: Diseño de problemas, (Re)formulación y resolución de problemas, Tecnologías digitales, Formación inicial de profesores de matemáticas.
Educação Financeira pelo mundo: Como se organizam as Estratégias Nacionais?<br>Financial education around the world: how are national strategies organized?
Authors: Vieira Glauciane Silva , Pessoa Cristiane Azêvedo 
Published: October 2020

ResumoO presente estudo tem o objetivo de explorar como diferentes países organizam seus programas e estratégias nacionais de Educação Financeira. O método utilizado foi a leitura de relatórios oficiais da OCDE e consulta a sites governamentais e pesquisas acadêmicas. Os resultados apontam que há uma tendência mundial em instituir a Educação Financeira como uma política pública nos diferentes níveis, etapas e modalidades de ensino, a fim de promover uma alfabetização financeira capaz de reeducar o comportamento dos indivíduos frente ao uso de suas finanças. Concluímos que há uma diversidade de metodologias para abordar a temática e destacamos a importância de uma Educação Financeira Escolar crítica e reflexiva.Palavras-chave: Educação financeira, Estratégias nacionais pelo mundo, Países.AbstractThis study aims to explore how different countries organize their programs and strategies to teach Financial Education. The method used was reading the official OECD reports and consulting on government websites and academic research. The results demonstrate a worldwide willingness to institute Financial Education as public policy at different levels, stages, and modalities of education. The main purpose of these countries is to build financial literacy capable of re-educating the behavior of individuals in relation to their finances. We concluded that there is a great diversity of methods to approach the subject, and we highlight the importance of a critic and reflective School Financial Education.Keywords: Financial education, National strategies around the world, Countries.ResumenEste estudio tiene como objetivo explorar cómo diferentes países organizan sus programas y estrategias para enseñar Educación Financiera. El método utilizado fue la lectura de los informes oficiales de la OCDE y la consulta en sitios web gubernamentales e investigaciones académicas. Los resultados demuestran la voluntad mundial de instituir la Educación Financiera como política pública en diferentes niveles, etapas y modalidades de educación. El objetivo principal de estos países es construir una educación financiera capaz de reeducar el comportamiento de las personas en relación con sus finanzas. Concluimos que existe una gran diversidad de métodos para abordar el tema, y destacamos la importancia de una Educación Financiera Escolar crítica y reflexiva. Palabras clave: Educación financiera; Estrategias nacionales por el mundo; Países.
Relations entre deux institutions noosphériennes : effets d’un système d’évaluation de manuels didactiques<br>Relations between two noospherian institutions: effects of an evaluation system for teaching manuals
Authors: Kaspary dos Anjos Danielly Regina 
Published: October 2020

RésuméCe texte constitue une brève présentation d’une recherche de doctorat encore en phase de développement. Inspirés de la notion d’assujettissement aux rapports institutionnels, on cherche à comprendre des relations entre deux institutions qui font partie de la noosphère, en considérant une institution comme contrainte de l’autre. Le contexte analysé est celui du système d’évaluation de manuels didactiques brésiliens. Pour mener ce travail, nous nous référons aussi au modèle T4TEL développé au sein de la théorie anthropologique du didactique.Mots-clés : Noosphère, Rapport institutionnel, Assujettissement.AbstractThis text is a brief presentation of a doctoral research project in development. Inspired by the notion of subjection to institutional relations, it seeks to understand relations between two institutions that are part of the noosphere, considering that one institution is a constraint of the other. The analyzed context is the Brazilian system of evaluation of textbooks. To carry out this work, we also refer to the T4TEL model developed within the anthropological theory of the didactic.Keywords: Noosphere, Institutional report, Subjection
The external didactic transposition of mathematics at the university level: dilemmas and challenges<br>La transposition didactique externe des mathématiques au niveau universitaire: dilemmes et défis
Authors: Bosch Marianna , Winsløw Carl 
Published: October 2020

RésuméNous développons l’idée que la recherche en didactique des mathématiques au niveau universitaire devrait étudier d’une manière plus systématique la transposition didactique externe. Après avoir présenté sommairement la recherche qui semble aller dans cette direction, nous commentons pourquoi et comment cette ligne pourrait se poursuivre dans la recherche en TAD sur l’enseignement universitaire.Mots -clés : Théorie anthropologique de la didactique, Transposition didactique externe, Mathématiques au niveau universitaire.AbstractWe develop the idea that research on university mathematics education needs to more systematically address the external didactic transposition. After outlining existing research that goes more or less in this direction, we comment on the why and how this direction could be pursued by ATD research on UME.Keywords: Anthropological theory of the didactic, External didactic transposition, Mathematics at the university level.