bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of systemic fungal infections in the presence of a cardiac implantable electronic device: A systematic review
Authors: Baman Jayson R. , Medhekar Ankit N. , Jain Sandeep K. , Knight Bradley P. , Harrison Lee H. , Smith Brandon , Saba Samir 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEvidence to inform the management of systemic fungal infections in the setting of a cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED), such as a permanent pacemaker or implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator, is scant and limited to case reports and series. The available literature suggests high morbidity and mortality. To better characterize the shared experience of these cases and their outcomes, we performed a systematic review. We investigated all published reports of systemic fungal infections—fungemia and fungal vegetative disease—in the context of CIED, drawing from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews, inclusive of patients who received treatment between January 2000 and May 2020. Exclusion criteria included presence of ventricular assist device and concurrent bacteremia, bacterial endocarditis, bacterial vegetative infection, or viremia. Among 6261 screened articles, 48 cases from 41 individual studies were identified. Candida and Aspergillus species were the most commonly isolated fungi. There was significant heterogeneity in antifungal medication selection and duration. CIED extraction—either transvenous or surgical—was associated with increased survival to hospital discharge (92%) and clinical recovery at latest follow‐up (81%), compared to cases where CIED extraction was deferred (56% and 40%, respectively). Importantly, there were no prospective data, and the data were limited to individual case reports and one small case series. In summary, CIED extraction is associated with improved fungal clearance and patient survival. Reported antifungal regimens are heterogeneous and nonuniform. Prospective studies are needed to verify these results and define optimal antifungal regimens.
Respiratory surveillance for coal mine dust and artificial stone exposed workers in Australia and New Zealand: A position statement from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand*
Authors: Perret Jennifer L. , Miles Susan , Brims Fraser , Newbigin Katrina , Davidson Maggie , Jersmann Hubertus , Edwards Adrienne , Zosky Graeme , Frankel Anthony , Johnson Anthony R. , Hoy Ryan , Reid David W. , Musk A. William , Abramson Michael J. , Edwards Bob , Cohen Robert , Yates Deborah H. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTCoal mine lung dust disease (CMDLD) and artificial stone (AS) silicosis are preventable diseases which have occurred in serious outbreaks in Australia recently. This has prompted a TSANZ review of Australia's approach to respiratory periodic health surveillance. While regulating respirable dust exposure remains the foundation of primary and secondary prevention, identification of workers with early disease assists with control of further exposure, and with the aims of preserving lung function and decreasing respiratory morbidity in those affected. Prompt detection of an abnormality also allows for ongoing respiratory specialist clinical management. This review outlines a medical framework for improvements in respiratory surveillance to detect CMDLD and AS silicosis in Australia. This includes appropriate referral, improved data collection and interpretation, enhanced surveillance, the establishment of a nationwide Occupational Lung Disease Registry and an independent advisory group. These measures are designed to improve health outcomes for workers in the coal mining, AS and other dust‐exposed and mining industries.
Authorities as Enablers in Rural Business Support Policy Regime – Case‐Study Finland
Authors: Kujala Päivi , Virkkala Seija , Lähdesmäki Merja 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on rural business support as a policy regime of the second pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). We examine the relationships present in the regime to find out how authorities become enablers in the entrepreneurship promotion process. A rural business support regime is considered as a government policy network, consisting of dynamic collaboration and interaction between the European Commission, policymakers, policy implementers and rural entrepreneurs. Based on 38 interviews of rural development actors in Finland, our case‐study identifies four properties in the relationships, namely trust, learning, discretion and creativity that are crucial factors in enabling interactions in the rural business support regime. As a contribution, we develop a model for enabling rural authority. We conclude the article by presenting implications for the legitimacy, coherence and durability of the rural business support regime in Finland and in the EU, as we argue that enabling action affects these policy impacts.
Racial Context and Political Support for California School Taxes
Authors: Nations Jennifer M. , Martin Isaac W. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo determine how racial context influences school districts’ ability to raise taxes and whether it is mitigated by racial context.MethodPanel regression models are fit to a data set of 293 parcel tax measures and 967 California school districts from 1997 to 2010, including data on the racial composition of enrolled students, the district population, and the school board, with controls for features of the policy and the social, political, and economic context.ResultsSchool boards were least likely to propose new parcel taxes where there was a high percentage of Latinx students or a large gap between the percentage of white students and the percentage of white residents 65 and older. Once a tax was proposed, these and other measures of racial context had no measurable influence on the propensity of voters to approve it. Policy design influenced outcomes, but not by mitigating racial context.ConclusionRacial context affects whether school districts propose new taxes.
Comparison of a digital soil map and conventional soil map for management of topsoil exchangeable sodium percentage
Authors: Li Nan , Zhao Dongxue , Arshad Maryem , Sefton Michael , Triantafilis John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe soil in the sugarcane growing area of far north Queensland is often sodic (exchangeable sodium percentage—ESP > 6%). Gypsum therefore needs to be applied to reduce potential for land degradation. To accurately map ESP, a digital soil map (DSM) approach can be used. In this paper, we compare and contrast various aspects of DSM for mapping topsoil (0–0.3 m) ESP, including a suitable model (i.e. linear mixed model (LMM), Cubist and regression kriging (Cubist‐RK)), usefulness of digital data (in combination or alone) and how many calibration data (i.e. n = 20, 30,…120) are required. We compare these with ordinary kriging (OK) of soil data and using prediction agreement (i.e. Lin's concordance—Lin's) and accuracy (root mean squared error—RMSE). We compare all of these results with a DSM derived from numerical clustering (fuzzy K‐mean—FKM) of digital data to identify management zones (k = 2, 3, 4 and 5) and a conventional Soil Order map (k = 5 Orders). We do this by calculating mean squared prediction error (MSPE). Prediction of topsoil ESP by OK using 120 samples gave moderate agreement (Lin's = 0.72) with accuracy satisfactory given RMSE (3.69) was less than half standard deviation of measured ESP (½SD = 3.75). Moreover, a minimum number of 100 samples would be required for OK. However, when digital data were used to value add to soil data in models, the results were equivocal, given Cubist (Lin's = 0.74) and Cubist‐RK (0.79) outperformed OK, while LMM (0.65) was inferior to OK. In addition, a smaller sample size (i.e. 70 and 60, respectively) was enough for Cubist and Cubist‐RK to permit the development of accurate predictions of ESP given the RMSE was less than ½SD of measured ESP. Prediction of ESP (considering 120 samples) using only the γ‐ray data (Lin's = 0.77) was superior to ECa (0.72), however, using both in combination was best (0.79). The MSPE (n = 120) indicated creating DSM from clustering of digital data was best for k = 4 zones (MSPE = 27.60); however, Cubist‐RK (13.40), Cubist (14.75), OK (15.56) and LMM (15.76) were able to provide better prediction of ESP. Nevertheless, all DSM generated smaller MSPE than a conventional Soil Order map (32.33). We recommend using Cubist‐RK and both digital data, is the optimal approach to develop a DSM for application of gypsum to enable implementation of Six‐Easy‐Steps soil management guidelines for Proserpine.
Activation of the 5‐HT7 receptor but not nitric oxide synthase is necessary for chronic 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐induced hypotension
Authors: Seitz Bridget M. , Fink Gregory D. , Watts Stephanie W. 
Published: October 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?What mechanisms account for the hypotension observed during chronic elevations in circulating 5‐hydroxytryptamine in rats?
What is the main finding and its importance?Chronic 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐induced hypotension requires continued activation of the 5‐HT7 receptor subtype but does not require NO, an outcome that resolves previous conflicting results. Therapeutic interruption of the hypotensive actions of 5‐HT under pathophysiological conditions can only be achieved through blockade of the 5‐HT7 receptor.
AbstractLow dose infusion of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) to rats causes both an acute and a chronic fall in arterial blood pressure. The 5‐HT7 receptor subtype plays a critical part in the observed hypotension. Acute (minutes to hours) 5‐HT infusion shows no depressor role for nitric oxide (NO), but 5‐HT depressor responses under chronic conditions suggest that NO production may be critical. We test the hypothesis that NO contributes to the chronic, but not the acute, depressor response to 5‐HT. We compared the role of NO and 5‐HT7 receptors in 5‐HT‐induced hypotension under acute and chronic conditions in the same animal. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were measured by radiotelemetry in conscious rats during 5 days of saline or 5‐HT (25 μg kg−1 min−1; osmotic pump) infusion and for 2 days after infusion was stopped. To quantify the contributions of NO and the 5‐HT7 receptor to 5‐HT‐induced hypotension, the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor l‐NAME or the selective 5‐HT7 receptor antagonist SB‐267790 were given at 1, 3 and 5 days of chronic infusion, and 1 day after 5‐HT infusion pumps were removed. Nω‐Nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME) caused a pressor response of the same magnitude in the absence or presence of 5‐HT infusion. Conversely, SB‐269970 did not affect mean arterial pressure in the absence of 5‐HT infusion and reversed the 5‐HT‐induced depressor response at each time point. Our findings demonstrate that acute and chronic 5‐HT‐induced hypotension does not require NOS activation but does require continued activation of the 5‐HT7 receptor.
Dynamic Flexible Riser Ancillary Equipment—North Sea Asset Integrity Management Experience and Lessons Learned
Authors: Tadjiev Damir 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Dynamic flexible risers are complex engineered systems, which provide a connection between topside (normally floating) facilities and subsea pipeline infrastructure on offshore oilfields. Such systems require the use of ancillary equipment to ensure the riser’s correct configuration is maintained throughout the service life. Industry experience shows that the integrity management of riser ancillary equipment is not always comprehensive, and failure of such equipment is one of the causes of premature removal of flexible risers from service. This article presents some case studies from the operational experience of dynamic flexible risers by an operator in the UK North Sea covering a period of approximately 20 years. The case studies look at the anomalies identified in service by general visual inspection (GVI) using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and the lessons learned. Some of the anomalies, had they not been identified and addressed promptly, could have resulted in costly repairs, which demonstrates the importance of inspecting the ancillary equipment of flexible risers as a part of the riser integrity management strategy. The challenges associated with integrity management of ancillary equipment of dynamic flexible risers are also discussed. The case studies presented in this article demonstrate that ROV GVI is an effective method for identifying installation and in-service anomalies related to flexible riser ancillary equipment. The purpose of this article is to share lessons learned with the wider offshore oil and gas community. It is also believed that the information presented in this article may provide useful information to other users of dynamic flexible riser systems when developing and/or implementing their subsea pipelines integrity management programs.
Effect of endurance exercise training on liver gene expression in male and female mice
Authors: Melo Luma , Tilmant Karen , Hagar Amit , Klaunig James E. 
Published: October 2020

Chronic endurance exercise is a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of many chronic diseases in humans, including the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Metabolic, cardiorespiratory, and endocrine pathways targeted by chronic endurance exercise have been identified. In the liver, however, the cellular and molecular pathways that are modified by exercise and have preventive or therapeutic relevance to metabolic disease need to be elucidated. The mouse model used in the current study allows for the quantification of a human-relevant exercise “dosage”. In this study we show hepatic gene expression differences between sedentary female and sedentary male mice and that chronic exercise modifies the transcription of hepatic genes related to metabolic disease and steatosis in both male and female mice. Chronic exercise induces molecular pathways involved in glucose tolerance, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis while producing a decrease in pathways related to insulin resistance, steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation. Given these findings, this mouse exercise model has potential to dissect the cellular and molecular hepatic changes following chronic exercise with application to understanding the role that chronic exercise plays in preventing human diseases.Novelty: Exercise modifies the hepatic gene expression and hepatic pathways related to metabolic disease in male and female mice. Sex differences were seen in hepatic gene expression between sedentary and exercised mice. The mouse exercise model used in this study allows for application and evaluation of exercise effects in human disease.
Consistency, Protection, Responsibility
Authors: Crossley Noele 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Selective humanitarianism, it has been argued, may be condonable, or even preferable. Several arguments have been proffered in support of these views. This article revisits these arguments in light of the emergence of a discourse of protection and responsibility that now incorporates a wider spectrum of protection measures available to agents, of which armed intervention is but one. Consistency is an essential characteristic of ethics and the law—inconsistent practice diminishes the prospects of the development of norms of protection and associated practices and institutions. Furthermore, inconsistent practice means that fewer people receive protection from egregious violations of human rights. If the principles associated with human protection and humanitarianism are to become established norms of international society, international policy must be coherent, and international practice must be consistent.
Effects of Weak and Strong Winter Currents on the Thermal State of the South China Sea
Authors: Wang Qiang , Wang Yinxia , Sui Junpeng , Zhou Weidong , Li Daning 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe thermal state of the South China Sea (SCS) modulates the regional climate variability over Southeast Asia. Currents in the SCS are an important factor impacting the thermal state of the SCS, but their relationship is not clearly understood. There is an asymmetry in the thermal effect of weak and strong SCS winter currents. Weak SCS winter currents favor stable warm advection of mean temperature by the anomalous horizontal velocity (i.e., Advha), which drives the SCS into a warm phase. However, the cooling effect of strong SCS winter currents on the SCS is weak, due to small and variable negative Advha. The basin-integrated Advha is primarily set by meridional heat flux in the southern SCS, which is mainly determined by the western boundary current (WBC) anomaly. The eastern boundary current (EBC) anomaly with opposite direction of WBC anomaly acts to weaken the Advha. In weak (strong) SCS winter current years, the wind stress anomaly over the southern SCS is localized around the western (eastern) boundary, which induces a weak (strong) EBC anomaly. Therefore, warm Advha in weak SCS winter current years is large enough to drive the SCS into a warm phase. However, the negative Advha in strong SCS winter current years is variable, which can be occasionally offset by positive advection of anomalous temperature by the mean horizontal velocity and then the SCS presents a warm phase, as in 1998. Thus, the strong SCS winter current exerts a weak cooling effect on the SCS.
A Step Closer to Racial Equity: Towards a Culturally Sustaining Model for Community Schools
Authors: Daniel Julia , Malone Hui-Ling Sunshine , Kirkland David E. 
Published: October 2020

In this article, we explore community schools, as first theorized through community organizing, in relation to movements for racial justice in education to address the following question: How has educational equity been radically imagined by the community school movement in New York City to reframe how we understand success, meaningful school experiences, and the possibility for hope, healing, and racial equity in education? Using ethnographic methods, we answer this question by examining what went into the grassroots commitments of organizers and the grasstops implementation of the community schools’ strategy at the district level. This examination sets a context for exploring what we saw happening at the school level, where we observed community meetings with organizers and district officials and interviewed key stakeholders about their deep histories of advocating for equitable reform. Drawing on an abolitionist paradigm, we describe how organizers such as those in NYC, who were interested in transforming systems as a prerequisite to advancing freedom, were the first major advocates of the original community schools project. Valuing the knowledge and strength of communities that have survived and thrived in the face of centuries of oppression, we conclude that community stakeholders in collaboration with education workers, from organizers to students, envisioned a blurring of communities and schools as part of a strategy to build collective power that both exposes and challenges injustice.
Exploring the Prescribing Process of Domperidone for Low Milk Supply: A Qualitative Study Among Mothers, IBCLCs, and Family Doctors
Authors: Tauritz Bakker Lara A. , van Dijk Liset , van den Bemt Patricia M. L. A. 
Published: October 2020

Background When mothers are confronted with milk supply problems, taking domperidone is regularly suggested. However, domperidone has been associated with sudden cardiac death and caution in prescribing is advised. In 2016, a multidisciplinary group of authors from a tertiary academic hospital (Erasmus MC) published a clinical protocol in a leading Dutch physicians’ journal to support Dutch family physicians in prescribing domperidone to stimulate lactation. Research aim To explore consumer and health care provider perspectives and experiences regarding the prescribing of domperidone for lactation insufficiency following publication of a national clinical protocol. Methods A cross-sectional qualitative study was performed using semi-structured interviews ( N = 40) based on a topic list covering the prescribing process. Participants were mothers ( n = 18) who had been advised to try domperidone to boost their milk supply between November 2016 and May 2018, their International Board Certified Lactation Consultants ( n = 9), and their family physicians ( n = 15). Another group of participants (mothers; n = 6) answered short questionnaires. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using ATLAS.ti software. The resulting list of codes was organized according to the topics. Results In the process leading to domperidone use to stimulate lactation, participant family physicians relied on the IBCLC, pharmacist, or mother to guide the prescription of domperidone, often citing the published national clinical protocol as back up. The medical safeguards incorporated in the protocol (e.g., taking medical history, physical exam, performing electrocardiograms, limiting dosage) were usually not implemented. Conclusions Though the availability of a national clinical protocol in which the prescribing of domperidone for lactation is supported appeared to increase the willingness of participant family physicians to prescribe, gaps were identified between clinical practice and this clinical protocol for prescribing domperidone.
The Tale of the Unrepaired Cleft—Retrospective Evaluation of Cases Encountered by an Indigenous Mission in a Northern Nigerian Community
Authors: Oketade Ifeoluwa , Bello Seidu A. , Adeoye John 
Published: October 2020

Objective: This study aims to document the experience of an indigenous surgical mission on the occurrence of unrepaired cleft in 2 visits to Minna, North-Central Nigeria. Design: This retrospective study involved participants with orofacial cleft anomaly at 2 surgical outreaches held in Minna in 2011 and 2017. Baseline data were initially obtained from case files of patients at both programs. Data collected were analyzed employing appropriate statistical tests for continuous and categorical variables. Setting: Two outreach programs in Minna, North-Central Nigeria by Cleft and Facial Deformity Foundation in 2011 and 2017. Results: A total of 117 participants with cleft anomaly were encountered at both surgical outreach programs. The sample prevalence of unrepaired cleft was 61.5% with an overall mean age (standard deviation) of 10 (13.2) years. Most participants presented with unilateral complete cleft lip (70.8%) which was more common on the left side and had no family history of orofacial cleft (54.2%). Information on the surgical program was mostly obtained via friends and relatives in 32.6% and lack of wherewithal to offset the expense of cleft surgery and supportive treatment represented the most common reason for the delay of surgical repair (50%). Conclusion: We found a high proportion of patients with unrepaired cleft in our sample which may mirror happenings in other developing world centers. We advocate continued collaborations between indigenous missions and international funding agencies to further encourage continued repair of unrepaired cleft in developing centers.