bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planeamiento metropolitano heterodoxo: innovaciones institucionales e instrumentales del caso argentino
Authors: Elinbaum Pablo 
Published: May 2020

Los planes metropolitanos no pueden tipificarse, aunque en la bibliografía especializada prevalecen los ejemplos del “Norte” implementados durante el período desarrollista de postguerra. Más allá de las diferencias de contenido, estos planes comparten marcos estatales sostenidos por enormes orquestaciones de leyes y regulaciones. Pero, ¿qué sucede con las iniciativas de ordenación metropolitana que se desarrollan en los países que no cuentan con marcos institucionales formalizados, tal como se da en los países latinoamericanos? A partir de un estudio de caso comparado de dos planes metropolitanos argentinos, intentaremos echar luz sobre estas cuestiones, contribuyendo a los marcos de investigación y de la práctica. Considerando tres dimensiones analíticas –la institucional, la instrumental y la procesual– intentaremos definir la especificidad del planeamiento metropolitano en el contexto del Sur Global –como el argentino– y ofrecer un conjunto de lecciones que evidencien como las políticas públicas metropolitanas pueden ser operativas más allá del formalismo de los enfoques integrales.
Metropolitan plans cannot be typified, although in the specialized literature prevails the examples of the "North", implemented during the post-war developmental period. Beyond content and scope differences, these plans share similar state frameworks supported by huge orchestrations of laws and regulations. But, what about the metropolitan planning initiatives that take place in countries that do not have formalized institutional frameworks, as is the case in Latin American countries? Based on a comparative case study of two Argentine metropolitan plans, we will try to shed light on these issues, contributing to the research and practice frameworks. Considering three analytical dimensions -institutional, instrumental and procedural- we will try to define the specificity of metropolitan planning in the context of the Global South, as in the case of Argentine, and offer a set of lessons that show how metropolitan public policies can be operational beyond formalist and integral approaches.
Chemical Bonding in Chalcogenides: The Concept of Multicenter Hyperbonding
Authors: Lee Tae Hoon , Elliott Stephen R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe precise nature of chemical‐bonding interactions in amorphous, and crystalline, chalcogenides is still unclear due to the complexity arising from the delocalization of bonding, and nonbonding, electrons. Although an increasing degree of electron delocalization for elements down a column of the periodic table is widely recognized, its influence on chemical‐bonding interactions, and on consequent material properties, of chalcogenides has not previously been comprehensively understood from an atomistic point of view. Here, a chemical‐bonding framework is provided for understanding the behavior of chalcogenides (and, in principle, other lone‐pair materials) by studying prototypical telluride nonvolatile‐memory, “phase‐change” materials (PCMs), and related chalcogenide compounds, via density‐functional‐theory molecular‐dynamics (DFT‐MD) simulations. Identification of the presence of previously unconsidered multicenter “hyperbonding” (lone‐pair–antibonding‐orbital) interactions elucidates not only the origin of various material properties, and their contrast in magnitude between amorphous and crystalline phases, but also the very similar chemical‐bonding nature between crystalline PCMs and one of the bonding subgroups (with the same bond length) found in amorphous PCMs, in marked contrast to existing viewpoints. The structure–property relationship established from this new bonding‐interaction perspective will help in designing improved chalcogenide materials for diverse applications, based on a fundamental chemical‐bonding point of view.
In Situ Ring‐Closing Strategy for Direct Synthesis of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Nickel Complexes and Their Application in Coupling of Allylic Alcohols with Aryl Boronic Acids
Authors: Wang Yu‐Bin , Liu Bin‐Yuan , Bu Qingqing , Dai Bin , Liu Ning 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA in situ ring‐closing strategy was developed for the synthesis of N‐heterocyclic carbene nickel complexes. The process was carried out in air, and did not require solvent purification. The resulting nickel complexes were investigated as catalysts for the coupling of allylic alcohols with aryl boronic acids. A wide range of allylic substrates and aryl acids proved to be applicable to this catalytic system. Control experiments suggest that the Ni(0) may be the true active species in the coupling reactions.magnified image
Adult and juvenile bearded capuchin monkeys handle stone hammers differently during nut‐cracking
Authors: Fragaszy Dorothy M. , Barton Sophie A. , Keo Sreinick , Patel Rushi , Izar Patrícia , Visalberghi Elisabetta , Haslam Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWild bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) habitually use stone hammers to crack open palm nuts and seeds on anvils. This activity requires strength, balance, and precise movement of a large stone with respect to the item placed on an anvil. We explored how well young monkeys cope with these challenges by examining their behavior and the behavior of adults while they cracked palm nuts using a stone. Using video records, we compared actions of six juvenile (2–5 years) and six adult (7+ years) wild monkeys during their first 20 strikes with one unfamiliar ellipsoid, quartzite stone (540 g), and the outcomes of these strikes. Compared with adults, juveniles cracked fewer nuts, performed a more diverse set of exploratory actions, and less frequently placed one or both hands on top of the stone on the downward motion. Adults and juveniles displayed similar low frequencies of striking with a slanted trajectory, missing the nut, and losing control over the nut or stone after striking. These findings indicate that young monkeys control the trajectory of a stone adequately but that is not sufficient to crack nuts as effectively as adults do. Compared with juveniles, adults more quickly perceive how to grip the stone efficiently, and they are able to adjust their grip dynamically during the strike. Young monkeys develop expertise in the latter aspects of cracking nuts over the course of several years of regular practice, indicating that perceptual learning about these aspects of percussion occurs slowly. Juvenile and adult humans learning to use stones to crack nuts also master these features of cracking nuts very slowly.
Fabrication and characterization of melamine formaldehyde fibers with enhanced mechanical properties and high fire resistance by dry spinning
Authors: Xiong Zhu , Chen Ning , Wang Qi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHigh‐performance melamine formaldehyde (MF) fibers are successfully produced by innovatively utilizing dry spinning with high efficiency and low emission. Three ways are adopted to enhance the mechanical performance of MF fiber. First, MF resin is modified by introducing flexible chain segments into MF three‐dimensional network and reducing the network crosslink density. Second, the energy dissipation capacity of the MF fibers is improved through constructing of hydrogen bond networks among modified MF resin, nano‐SiO2, and/or polyvinyl alcohol and forming interpenetrating network structures of modified MF resin and nano‐SiO2. Third, homogeneous and stable spinning solutions without phase separation are prepared, which can reduce interior defects of MF fibers. The chemical changes in the spinning solutions with increasing temperature and the rheology behavior of the solutions are investigated. In addition, the effects of fiber compositions on microstructure, morphology, and the properties of the MF fibers are also systematically studied. The prepared MF fibers possess high fire retardancy (i.e., limiting oxygen index >40%), thermal stability (i.e., Tmax >360°C), and mechanical properties (i.e., tensile strength >2.5 cN/dtex).
Hexahydrotriazine derivative containing imidazole for fast curing, improved mechanical strength, and flame retardancy of epoxy
Authors: Kim Doo Hun , Kim Younghyun , Goh Munju 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe synthesized a hexahydrotriazine derivative containing imidazole, 1,3,5‐tris[4′‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)‐(1,1′‐biphenyl)‐4‐yl]‐1,3,5‐triazinane (HIM) and adapted it as a co‐curing agent for epoxy resin (EP). The curing kinetics of HIM were evaluated using elevated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, and the curing speed was determined to be accelerated with HIM. Moreover, when 5 phr of HIM was applied to the epoxy system, the tensile strength of cured EP increased to 50.9 MPa. Because of the high nitrogen content of HIM, when the candidate amount of HIM was increased, the char yield increased. HIM (20 phr) showed a char yield of 36.1%, which is about 74% higher than that of the HIM (0 phr) reference (20.7%). The char layer acts as a barrier between oxygen and polymeric decomposition gases, inducing a high flame‐retardant property.
European Space Agency SMILEand Czech participation
Authors: Hudec Rene , Branduardi‐Raymont Graziella , Sembay Steven , Simon Vojtech 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSMILE (Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer) is a space mission which aims to measure Earth's global system responses to solar wind and geomagnetic variations with innovative instrumentation, for example, wide–field X‐ray telescope of Lobster–Eye type, on board. It is a collaborative project of the European Space Agency and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The SMILE international consortium involves the Czech Technical University in Prague and the Czech teams are expected to contribute to the project, mainly to the science and software related to the X–ray telescope. The aim of this short paper is to provide an outline of SMILE and in particular of the Czech participation to this mission, with emphasis on observation of celestial X‐ray sources as SMILE secondary science.
Parental misperceptions of in‐group norms for child discipline
Authors: Ganz Gary , Neville Fergus G. , Kassanjee Reshma , Ward Catherine L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe influence of perceived social norms on behaviour has been studied in a variety of domains. However, little research has examined their application to child discipline. This study explored social norms perceptions and their associations with parental discipline in greater Cape Town, South Africa. A cross‐sectional study of 195 mothers (using convenience sampling) from two Early Childhood Development centres examined self‐reported violent and non‐violent parenting behaviour, and perceived descriptive (usual behaviour in a group) and injunctive (appraisal of such behaviour) group norms. Parents overestimated the prevalence of violent parenting. Perceived descriptive norms of violent parenting were associated with self‐reported violent parenting behaviour; and perceived descriptive norms of non‐violent parenting were associated with self‐reported non‐violent parenting behaviour. Estimation of support for violent and for non‐violent parenting differed by centre, as did the relationship between perceived injunctive norms of non‐violent parenting and self‐reported non‐violent parenting behaviour. We also found significant effects of social identification, parent educational attainment and parent‐reported child misbehaviour. Parents' perceptions of group norms of parental discipline may be mistaken yet influence their own behaviour, providing the potential basis for violence prevention interventions.
Dynamic Stabilization of DNA Assembly by Using Pyrrole‐Imidazole Polyamide
Authors: Ang Yan Shan , Bando Toshikazu , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Yung Lin‐Yue Lanry 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe used N‐methylpyrrole (Py)‐N‐methylimidazole‐(Im) polyamide as an exogenous agent to modulate the formation of DNA assemblies at specific double‐stranded sequences. The concept was demonstrated on the hybridization chain reaction that forms linear DNA. Through a series of melting curve analyses, we demonstrated that the binding of Py−Im polyamide positively influenced both the HCR initiation and elongation steps. In particular, Py−Im polyamide was found to drastically stabilize the DNA duplex such that its thermal stability approached that of an equivalent hairpin structure. Also, the polyamide served as an anchor between hairpin pairs in the HCR assembly, thus improving the originally weak interstrand stability. We hope that these proof‐of‐concept results can inspire future use of Py−Im polyamide as a molecular tool to modulate the formation of DNA assemblies.
Lymphopenia in COVID‐19: Therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Fathi Nazanin , Rezaei Nima 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is uncontrollably spread all over the world. The host immune responses strongly try to confront it with all the potential cells and cytokines. With chronically condition of SARS‐CoV‐2, natural killer cells and T cells become exhausted and decreasing their count leads to lymphopenia. Inability to eradicate the infected organ makes hyperinitiation of the immune system, which releases the excessive inflammatory cytokines to compensate the exhausted one as well as the low lymphocytes counts; it consequently leads to the cytokine storm syndrome. These mechanisms and the potential therapeutic targeting are discussed in this paper.
18F‐sodium fluoride positron emission tomography may help determine better treatment for thigh pain after hip arthroplasty—A case report
Authors: Nakamura Shinya , Uezono Shigehito , Nagai Yuko , Kanetaka Masakazu , Wagatsuma Kei , Ishii Kenji , Kumakawa Takeshi , Yasue Kensuke , Anamizu Yorito , Tokimura Fumiaki , Miyazaki Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThigh pain after hip arthroplasty is multifactorial; uncovering its etiology is paramount for optimal treatment. This is the first case where 18F‐sodium fluoride positron emission tomography substantially helped in diagnosing the post‐hip arthroplasty persistent thigh pain and appropriate treatment selection. This imaging modality warrants further study and more widespread application.
Modeling and Optimization of a Jackfruit Seed‐Based Supercapacitor Electrode Using Machine Learning
Authors: Mathew Seema , Karandikar Parashuram Balwant , Kulkarni Neelima Ravindra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSupercapacitors can be used for portable energy storage applications. In this study, machine learning techniques are applied to optimize the process of preparation of supercapacitor electrodes from chemically activated carbon made from jackfruit seeds. Experimental trials were carried out using statistical design of experiments. Artificial neural network was employed to generate the process model and a multiobjective optimization was attempted by means of swarm intelligence and the Derringer's desirability function. The optimized electrode demonstrated high capacitance and low resistance making it suitable for supercapacitors. The algorithm developed in the study can be adopted by process engineers for efficient optimization.
Synthesis, Structure, and Complexation of an S‐Shaped Double Azahelicene with Inner‐Edge Nitrogen Atoms
Authors: Kawashima Takahiro , Matsumoto Yuki , Sato Takuma , Yamada Yoichi M. A. , Kono Choji , Tsurusaki Akihiro , Kamikawa Ken 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn S‐shaped double azahelicene (1) was synthesized in excellent yield by a palladium‐catalyzed double dehydrogenative C−H coupling reaction. The stereochemistry of 1 was confirmed to be dl by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Selective formation of dl‐1 was attributed to the isomerization of the kinetically controlled product (meso‐1) into the more thermodynamically stable dl‐1 under the applied reaction conditions. dl‐1 can coordinate to palladium(II) in a bidentate trans‐chelating fashion, which was confirmed by X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) as well as by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), diffuse reflectance (DR) UV/Vis, and far‐infrared (FIR) absorption spectroscopy. Theoretical calculations of palladium complex 16 revealed a weak attractive interaction between palladium and carbon atoms on the central dimethoxynaphthalene core, which could facilitate a disproportionation between a trans‐chelating (dl‐1)⋅PdCl2 complex and PdCl2 to form 16.
Diphenylene Iodonium Is a Noncovalent MAO Inhibitor: A Biochemical and Structural Analysis
Authors: Iacovino Luca G. , Reis Joana , Mai Antonello , Binda Claudia , Mattevi Andrea 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDiphenylene iodonium (DPI) is known for its inhibitory activities against many flavin‐ and heme‐dependent enzymes, and is often used as an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. We probed the efficacy of DPI on two well‐known drug targets, the human monoamine oxidases MAO A and B. UV‐visible spectrophotometry and steady‐state kinetics experiments demonstrate that DPI acts as a competitive and reversible MAO inhibitor with Ki values of 1.7 and 0.3 μM for MAO A and MAO B, respectively. Elucidation of the crystal structure of human MAO B bound to the inhibitor revealed that DPI binds deeply in the active‐site cavity to establish multiple hydrophobic interactions with the surrounding side chains and the flavin. These data prove that DPI is a genuine MAO inhibitor and that the inhibition mechanism does not involve a reaction with the reduced flavin. This binding and inhibitory activity against the MAOs, two major reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐producing enzymes, will have to be carefully considered when interpreting experiments that rely on DPI for target validation and chemical biology studies on ROS functions.
Low‐dose tyrosine kinase inhibitors before treatment discontinuation do not impair treatment‐free remission in chronic myeloid leukemia patients: Results of a retrospective study
Authors: Cayssials Emilie , Torregrosa‐Diaz Jose , Gallego‐Hernanz Pilar , Tartarin Florence , Systchenko Thomas , Maillard Natacha , Desmier Déborah , Machet Antoine , Fleck Emmanuel , Corby Anne , Motard Carine , Denis Guillaume , Herbelin André , Gombert Jean‐Marc , Roy Lydia , Ragot Stéphanie , Leleu Xavier , Guilhot François , Chomel Jean‐Claude 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundLong‐term treatment‐free remission (TFR) represents a new goal for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In clinical practice, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) dose reductions can be considered a means of preventing adverse effects and improving quality of life. We hypothesized that administration of low‐dose TKIs before treatment discontinuation does not impair TFR in patients with CML who have a deep molecular response (DMR, ≥MR4).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 77 patients with CML who discontinued treatment with TKIs. Twenty‐six patients had been managed with low‐dose TKIs before stopping treatment. Patients were to be exposed to TKIs for ≥5 years and to low‐dose TKIs for ≥1 year and in DMR for ≥2 years. The loss of major molecular response (MMR) was considered a trigger for restarting therapy.ResultsIn the low‐dose group, 61.5% of patients received second‐generation TKIs, and dose reduction was ≥50% for 65.4% of patients. With a median follow‐up of 61.5 months, TFR at 12 months was 56.8% in the full‐dose TKI group and 80.8% in the low‐dose group, and TFR at 60 months was 47.5% and 58.8%, respectively. The median time to molecular recurrence (≥MMR) from TKI discontinuation in the entire cohort was 6.2 months. All patients quickly achieved MMR after resuming TKI therapy. Results appear independent of both dose reduction and potential pretreatment with interferon‐α.ConclusionThis retrospective study shows that TFR was not impaired by low‐dose TKI regimens before TKI cessation in Patients with CML. Nevertheless, prospective randomized clinical trials must be undertaken to analyze the probability of successful TFR in patients managed with TKI dose de‐escalation strategies before TKI discontinuation.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Complexes of Fluorophenylacetylenes: To Fluoresce or Not?
Authors: Mondal Sohidul Islam , Dey Arghya , Patwari G. Naresh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe hydrogen‐bonded complexes of fluorophenylacetylenesexhibit unusual and interesting fluorescence turn ON/OFF behaviour following excitation to 1ππ* (S1) state. The fluorescence switching behaviour can be realized by (i) “change in the intermolecular structure, (ii) change in the position of fluorine substitution and (iii) change in the hydrogen bonding partner or a combination thereof. Experiments indicate that the ≡C−H⋅⋅⋅X (X=O, N) hydrogen bonding with the acetylenic group plays a pivotal role in this switching behaviour. Intriguingly, weaker ≡C−H⋅⋅⋅X hydrogen bonding leads to fluorescence OFF state, which is turned ON by stronger hydrogen bonding. The observed fluorescence this switching behaviour is rationalized on the basis of a phenomenological model which suggests a coupling between the initially excited S1 state and a dark Sn state in the Franck‐Condon region with limited window controlled by the ≡C−H⋅⋅⋅X hydrogen bonding as a crucial parameter. Such fluorescence switching behaviour in hydrogen‐bonded complexes is unprecedented and these intriguing results hopefully will stimulate theoreticians to test ′state of the art′ theories to explain these observations in a consistent manner.
Seeing the Confetti Colors in a New Light Utilizing Flow Cytometry and Imaging Flow Cytometry
Authors: Hagert Cecilia Fahlquist , Bohn Anja Bille , Wittenborn Thomas R. , Degn Søren E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStochastic multicolor transgenic labeling systems, such as the Brainbow reporters, have emerged as powerful tools in lineage tracing experiments. Originally designed for large‐scale mapping of neuronal projections in densely populated tissues, they have been repurposed for diverse uses. The Brainbow 2.1‐derived Confetti reporter was used, for example, to define stem cell clonality and dynamics in crypts of the intestinal mucosa, T‐cell clonality, microglial heterogeneity, and B‐cell clonal evolution in germinal centers. Traditionally, read‐outs have relied on imaging in situ, providing information about cellular localization within tissue stroma. However, recent applications of the technique have moved into hematopoietically derived motile cell types, for example, T and B lymphocytes and their progeny, creating an unmet need to survey larger populations of cells ex vivo to determine labeling densities or skews in color representation over time to read‐out clonal expansion and selection effects. Originally designed for imaging methods, these reporters encode information in the spectral properties of fluorophores and their subcellular localization, making them poorly suited to traditional flow cytometry analyses. The advent of high‐content imaging and imaging flow cytometry have recently closed the gap between flow cytometry and imaging. We analyzed a 10‐color biallelic Confetti reporter using flow and imaging flow cytometry. Beyond its use as a high‐throughput method for measuring reporter labeling densities and color distributions over time, it also opens the door to new avenues of research relying on similar read‐outs, for example, tumor heterogeneity and clonal dynamics. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry