bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the strategic plan development processes of major public organisations funding health research in nine high-income countries worldwide
Authors: Morciano Cristina , Errico Maria Cristina , Faralli Carla , Minghetti Luisa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
There have been claims that health research is not satisfactorily addressing healthcare challenges. A specific area of concern is the adequacy of the mechanisms used to plan investments in health research. However, the way organisations within countries devise research agendas has not been systematically reviewed. This study seeks to understand the legal basis, the actors and the processes involved in setting research agendas in major public health research funding organisations.

Methods
We reviewed information relating to the formulation of strategic plans by 11 public funders in nine high-income countries worldwide. Information was collected from official websites and strategic plan documents in English, French, Italian and Spanish between January 2019 and December 2019, by means of a conceptual framework and information abstraction form.

Results
We found that the formulation of a strategic plan is a common and well-established practice in shaping research agendas across international settings. Most of the organisations studied are legally required to present a multi-year strategic plan. In some cases, legal provisions may set rules for actors and processes and may establish areas of research and/or types of research to be funded. Commonly, the decision-making process involves both internal and external stakeholders, with the latter being generally government officials and experts, and few examples of the participation of civil society. The process also varies across organisations depending on whether there is a formal requirement to align to strategic priorities developed by an overarching entity at national level. We also found that, while actors and their interactions were traceable, information, sources of information, criteria and the mechanisms/tools used to shape decisions were made less explicit.

Conclusions
A complex picture emerges in which multiple interactive entities appear to shape research plans. Given the complexity of the influences of different parties and factors, the governance of the health research sector would benefit from a traceable and standardised knowledge-based process of health research strategic planning. This would provide an opportunity to demonstrate responsible budget stewardship and, more importantly, to make efforts to remain responsive to healthcare challenges, research gaps and opportunities.
Assessment of the quality of recommendations from 161 clinical practice guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation–Recommendations Excellence (AGREE-REX) instrument shows there is room for improvement
Authors: Florez Ivan D. , Brouwers Melissa C. , Kerkvliet Kate , Spithoff Karen , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Burgers Jako , Cluzeau Francoise , Férvers Beatrice , Graham Ian , Grimshaw Jeremy , Hanna Steven , Kastner Monika , Kho Michelle , Qaseem Amir , Straus Sharon 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
To assess the quality of recommendations from 161 clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) using AGREE-REX-D (Appraisal of Guidelines REsearch and Evaluation-Recommendations Excellence Draft).

Design
Cross-sectional study

Setting
International CPG community.

Participants
Three hundred twenty-two international CPG developers, users, and researchers.

Intervention
Participants were assigned to appraise one of 161 CPGs selected for the study using the AGREE-REX-D tool

Main outcome measures
AGREE-REX-D scores of 161 CPGs (7-point scale, maximum 7).

Results
Recommendations from 161 CPGs were appraised by 322 participants using the AGREE-REX-D. CPGs were developed by 67 different organizations. The total overall average score of the CPG recommendations was 4.23 (standard deviation (SD) = 1.14). AGREE-REX-D items that scored the highest were (mean; SD): evidence (5.51; 1.14), clinical relevance (5.95; SD 0.8), and patients/population relevance (4.87; SD 1.33), while the lowest scores were observed for the policy values (3.44; SD 1.53), local applicability (3,56; SD 1.47), and resources, tools, and capacity (3.49; SD 1.44) items. CPGs developed by government-supported organizations and developed in the UK and Canada had significantly higher recommendation quality scores with the AGREE-REX-D tool (p < 0.05) than their comparators.

Conclusions
We found that there is significant room for improvement of some CPGs such as the considerations of patient/population values, policy values, local applicability and resources, tools, and capacity. These findings may be considered a baseline upon which to measure future improvements in the quality of CPGs.
Acceleration of bone union by in situ-formed hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein-2 in a mouse refractory fracture model
Authors: Shoji Shintaro , Uchida Kentaro , Satio Wataru , Sekiguchi Hiroyuki , Inoue Gen , Miyagi Masayuki , Takata Ken , Yokozeki Yuji , Takaso Masashi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
An enzymatic crosslinking strategy using hydrogen peroxide and horseradish peroxidase is receiving increasing attention for application with in situ-formed hydrogels (IFHs). Several studies have reported the application of IFHs in cell delivery and tissue engineering. IFHs may also be ideal carrier materials for bone repair, although their potential as a carrier for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 has yet to be examined. Here, we examined the effect of an IFH made of hyaluronic acid (IFH-HA) containing BMP-2 in promoting osteogenesis in a mouse refractory fracture model.

Methods
Immediately following a fracture procedure, animals either received no treatment (control) or an injection of IFH-HA/PBS or IFH-HA containing 2 μg BMP-2 (IFH-HA/BMP-2) into the fracture site (n = 16, each treatment).

Results
Fracture sites injected with IFH-HA/BMP-2 showed significantly greater bone volume, bone mineral content, and bone union compared with sites receiving no treatment or treated with IFH-HA/PBS alone (each n = 10). Gene expression levels of osteogenic markers, Alpl, Bglap, and Osx, were significantly raised in the IFH-HA/BMP-2 group compared to the IFH-HA/PBS and control groups (each n = 6).

Conclusion
IFH-HA/BMP-2 may contribute to the treatment of refractory fractures.
Promoting functions of microRNA-29a/199B in neurological recovery in rats with spinal cord injury through inhibition of the RGMA/STAT3 axis
Authors: Yang Weijie , Sun Ping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The prognostic and therapeutic potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) in spinal cord injury (SCI) has aroused increasing concerns. This study aims to research the functions of miR-29a/199B in the neurological function recovery after SCI and the mechanical mechanism.

Methods
A rat model with SCI was induced with sham-operated ones as control. The locomotor function and coordination of rat hindlimbs were determined by a Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale and a ladder-climbing test, respectively. Expression of a neurofilament protein NF-200 and synaptophysin in gray matter of rats was determined to evaluate neuronal recovery in a cellular perspective. Binding relationships between miR-29a/199B with RGMA were predicted and validated using luciferase assays. Altered expression of miR-29a/199B and RGMA was introduced to explore their functions in rat neurological functions. The protein level and phosphorylation of STAT3 in gray matter were measured by western blot analysis.

Results
miR-29a and miR-199B were poorly expressed, while RGMA was abundantly expressed in gray matter at injury sites. Either miR-29a or miR-199B could bind to RGMA. Overexpression of miR-29a/199B or silencing of RGMA led to an increase in BBB locomotor scores, hindlimb coordination ability, and the expression of NF-200 and synaptophysin in gray matter. Further inhibition in miR-29a/199B blocked the promoting roles of RGMA silencing in neurological recovery. Upregulation of miR-29a/199B or downregulation of RGMA suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT3.

Conclusion
This study evidenced that miR-29a and miR-199B negatively regulated RGMA to suppress STAT3 phosphorylation, therefore promoting the neurological function recovery in rats following SCI.
Incidence and risk factors associated with postoperative stroke in the elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery
Authors: Yu Lili , Zhu Yanbin , Chen Wei , Bu Hui , Zhang Yingze 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Stroke is one of the rare but devastating complications after hip fracture in the elderly. By far, there is still scarce data on postoperative stroke in elderly patients with hip fractures.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data. Between October 2014 to December 2018, patients aged above 65 years who underwent operative treatment for hip fractures were included. Inpatient medical surveillance and scheduled telephone follow-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after operation was conducted to identify who developed an incident stroke. Variables of interests were extracted from patients’ inpatient medical records. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify the independent risk factors associated with stroke.

Results
During the study period, a total of 3743 patients were included, among whom 56 were found to have a stroke after operation, representing an incidence of 1.5% (95% CI, 1.1 to 1.9%). The multivariate analyses showed that advanced age (1-year increment; OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.48), history of previous stroke (OR, 4.79; 95% CI, 1.86 to 6.56), ASA III and above (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.27 to 3.68), long-term use of aspirin (OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 1.41 to 4.78), and elevated RDW level (each increment of 1%, OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.36) were independently associated with postoperative stroke.

Conclusions
Although most are not modifiable, these risk factors help in counseling patients regarding the risk of postoperative stroke, individual risk stratification, and targeted optimization of medical conditions and should be firmly kept in treating surgeon’s mind.
microRNA-1271-5p/TIAM1 suppresses the progression of ovarian cancer through inactivating Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Han Feng-Juan , Li Jia , Shen Ying , Guo Ying , Liu Yi-Chao , Yu Yang , Xu Jia-Yue , Liu Shao-Xuan , Wang Yan-Hong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
Ovarian cancer (OC) has been regarded as the most malignant gynecological neoplasm and often confers grave outcomes owing to the frequent metastasis and high recurrence. A previous study has demonstrated that miR-1271-5p is implicated in OC progression, however, the possible mechanism of it remains unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to explore how miR-1271-5p regulates the progression of OC.

Methods
Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were employed to analyze the differentially expressed miRNAs or genes as well as their corresponding prognostic values. miR-1271-5p expression in OC cells was examined by qRT-PCR. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), colony formation, and transwell tests were conducted to evaluate the proliferation, migration and invasion potentials. Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase activity analysis were utilized to predict and verify the target gene of miR-1271-5p. Western blot assay was carried out to measure protein expression.

Results
miR-1271-5p was significantly decreased in OC and its down-regulation was associated with the grave outcome of OC patients. Upregulation of miR-1271-5p inhibited cell viability, but miR-1271-5p knockdown promoted the proliferation of OC cells. TIAM1 was a direct target gene of miR-1271-5p and expressed in OC tissues at higher level. High expression of TIAM1 induced the poorer prognosis of patients with OC. Further functional analyses showed that the suppressive role of miR-1271-5p on OC cell malignant behaviors was overturned by the upregulation of TIAM1. The protein levels of Cyclin D1, HES1, NOTCH and NUMB were remarkably changed due to the abnormal expression of miR-1271-5p and TIAM1.

Conclusion
To sum up, miR-1271-5p inhibits proliferation, invasion and migration of OC cells by directly repressing TIAM1 to inactivate the Notch signaling pathway, which provides an alternative therapeutic candidate for the advancement of OC treatment.
Sinc-Galerkin method for solving the time fractional convection–diffusion equation with variable coefficients
Authors: Chen Li Juan , Li MingZhu , Xu Qiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a new numerical algorithm for solving the time fractional convection–diffusion equation with variable coefficients is proposed. The time fractional derivative is estimated using the$L_{1}$L1formula, and the spatial derivative is discretized by the sinc-Galerkin method. The convergence analysis of this method is investigated in detail. The numerical solution is$2-\alpha$2−αorder accuracy in time and exponential rate of convergence in space. Finally, some numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the numerical scheme.
Design of nonstandard computational method for stochastic susceptible–infected–treated–recovered dynamics of coronavirus model
Authors: Shatanawi Wasfi , Raza Ali , Arif Muhammad Shoaib , Abodayeh Kamaledin , Rafiq Muhammad , Bibi Mairaj 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current effort is devoted to investigating and exploring the stochastic nonlinear mathematical pandemic model to describe the dynamics of the novel coronavirus. The model adopts the form of a nonlinear stochastic susceptible-infected-treated-recovered system, and we investigate the stochastic reproduction dynamics, both analytically and numerically. We applied different standard and nonstandard computational numerical methods for the solution of the stochastic system. The design of a nonstandard computation method for the stochastic system is innovative. Unfortunately, standard computation numerical methods are time-dependent and violate the structure properties of models, such as positivity, boundedness, and dynamical consistency of the stochastic system. To that end, convergence analysis of nonstandard computational methods and simulation with a comparison of standard computational methods are presented.
A de novo frameshift pathogenic variant in TBR1 identified in autism without intellectual disability
Authors: Sapey-Triomphe Laurie-Anne , Reversat Julie , Lesca Gaëtan , Chatron Nicolas , Bussa Marina , Mazoyer Sylvie , Schmitz Christina , Sonié Sandrine , Edery Patrick 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
In order to be able to provide accurate genetic counseling to patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), it is crucial to identify correlations between heterogeneous phenotypes and genetic alterations. Among the hundreds of de novo pathogenic variants reported in ASD, single-nucleotide variations and small insertions/deletions were reported in TBR1. This gene encodes a transcription factor that plays a key role in brain development. Pathogenic variants in TBR1 are often associated with severe forms of ASD, including intellectual disability and language impairment.

Methods
Adults diagnosed with ASD but without intellectual disability (diagnosis of Asperger syndrome, according to the DSM-IV) took part in a genetic consultation encompassing metabolic assessments, a molecular karyotype and the screening of a panel of 268 genes involved in intellectual disability, ASD and epilepsy. In addition, the patient reported here went through a neuropsychological assessment, structural magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements.

Results
Here, we report the case of a young adult male who presents with a typical form of ASD. Importantly, this patient presents with no intellectual disability or language impairment, despite a de novo heterozygous frameshift pathogenic variant in TBR1, leading to an early premature termination codon (c.26del, p.(Pro9Leufs*12)).

Conclusion
Based on this case report, we discuss the role of TBR1 in general brain development, language development, intellectual disability and other symptoms of ASD. Providing a detailed clinical description of the individuals with such pathogenic variants should help to understand the genotype-phenotype relationships in ASD.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Obesity and Reproduction
Authors: Das Manasi , Sauceda Consuelo , Webster Nicholas J G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including type 2 diabetes, aging, and ovarian failure. Because of the central role of mitochondria in energy production, heme biosynthesis, calcium buffering, steroidogenesis, and apoptosis signaling within cells, understanding the molecular mechanisms behind mitochondrial dysregulation and its potential implications in disease is critical. This review will take a journey through the past and summarize what is known about mitochondrial dysfunction in various disorders, focusing on metabolic alterations and reproductive abnormalities. Evidence is presented from studies in different human populations, and rodents with genetic manipulations of pathways known to affect mitochondrial function.
Intraoperative Intravascular Effect of Lactated Ringer’s Solution and Hyperoncotic Albumin During Hemorrhage in Cystectomy Patients
Authors: Löffel Lukas M. , Hahn Robert G. , Engel Dominique , Wuethrich Patrick Y 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND:
The intraoperative effect of 20% albumin on plasma volume during surgery involving major blood loss has not been explored extensively due to methodological difficulties. Crystalloids poorly expand the plasma volume, and using a colloid might then be a way to avoid fluid overload. As doubts have been raised about synthetic colloids, albumin solutions are currently used more extensively. This study presents a methodological development showing how plasma volume expansion can be studied in surgical settings with the coinfusion of 20% albumin and lactated Ringer’s solution.

METHODS:
In this single-arm, single-center feasibility study, an intravenous (i.v.) infusion of 3 mL·kg·BW−1 of 20% albumin was administered over 30 minutes to 23 cystectomy patients during the bleeding phase in addition to lactated Ringer’s solution to correct blood loss. Blood samples were measured at regular intervals over a period of 300 minutes to estimate the blood volume expansion resulting from simultaneous infusions of lactated Ringer’s and 20% albumin solutions, using a regression equation and the area under the volume–time curve method.

RESULTS:
Mean hemorrhage was 974 mL (standard deviation [SD] ± 381). The regression method showed strong correlation (r
2 = 0.58) between blood loss minus blood volume expansion and the independent effects of the infused volume of lactated Ringer’s and 20% albumin solutions. The mean plasma volume expansion attributable to the infusion of lactated Ringer’s solution amounted to 0.38 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31–0.49) of the infused volume; for the 20% albumin, it was 1.94 mL/mL (95% CI, 1.41–2.46 mL/mL) over 5 hours on average (regression method). The mean within-patient change was 0.20 mL/mL (± 0.06 mL/mL) for the lactated Ringer’s solution and 2.20 mL/mL (±1.31 mL/mL) for the 20% albumin using the area under the volume–time curve method.

CONCLUSIONS:
Blood volume expansion averaged 1.9–2.2 times the infused volume of 20% albumin during surgery associated with hemorrhage of around 1000 mL. This effect was long standing and approximately 5 times stronger than for the lactated Ringer’s solution. Twenty percent albumin boosts the plasma volume expansion of lactated Ringer’s solution to as high as 40% of the infused volume on the average, which is an effect that lasts at least 5 hours.
Open elbow arthrolysis for post-traumatic elbow stiffness
Authors: Sun Ziyang , Liu Weixuan , Li Juehong , Fan Cunyi 
Published: September 2020

Post-traumatic elbow stiffness is a disabling condition that remains challenging for upper limb surgeons. Open elbow arthrolysis is commonly used for the treatment of stiff elbow when conservative therapy has failed. Multiple questions commonly arise from surgeons who deal with this disease. These include whether the patient has post-traumatic stiff elbow, how to evaluate the problem, when surgery is appropriate, how to perform an excellent arthrolysis, what the optimal postoperative rehabilitation is, and how to prevent or reduce the incidence of complications. Following these questions, this review provides an update and overview of post-traumatic elbow stiffness with respect to the diagnosis, preoperative evaluation, arthrolysis strategies, postoperative rehabilitation, and prevention of complications, aiming to provide a complete diagnosis and treatment path. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-9:576–584.
Compensation of nonlinear distortion in coherent optical OFDM systems using a MIMO deep neural network-based equalizer
Authors: Aldaya Ivan , Giacoumidis Elias , Tsokanos Athanasios , Jarajreh Mutsam , Wen Yannuo , Wei Jinlong , Campuzano Gabriel , Abbade Marcelo L. F. , Barry Liam P. 
Published: September 2020

A novel nonlinear equalizer based on a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) deep neural network (DNN) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for compensation of inter-subcarrier nonlinearities in a 40 Gb/s coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system. Experimental results reveal that MIMO-DNN can extend the power margin by 4 dB at 2000 km of standard single-mode fiber transmission when compared to linear compensation or conventional single-input single-output DNN. It is also found that MIMO-DNN outperforms digital back propagation by increasing up to 1 dB the effective

Q

-factor and reducing by a factor of three the computational cost.
Electronically tunable picosecond pulse generation from Ho3+-doped fluoride fiber laser using frequency-shifted feedback
Authors: Pawliszewska Maria , Majewski Matthew R. , Jackson Stuart D. 
Published: September 2020

In this Letter, we demonstrate electronically tunable picosecond (ps) pulse emission from the

5

I

6

−
5

I

7

transition of the

H

o

3
+

ion by using an acousto-optic tunable filter. The holmium- and praseodymium-codoped ZBLAN fiber laser produced sub-50 ps pulses over a 100 nm tuning range, critically reaching a longest wavelength of 2.94 µm, which overlaps with the peak absorption of liquid water. Measured pulse energies of 8.1 nJ well exceed those expected from picosecond solitonic operation, suggesting possible application in ablative medicine. Furthermore, we present harmonically mode-locked operation of the oscillator, which indicates the possibility of expanding the capabilities of mid-infrared frequency shifted-feedback lasers through the ability to achieve higher pulse repetition rates.
Milton’s Satan1
Authors: Carey John 
Published: September 2020

In Shakespeare’s Coriolanus, Caius Maritus Coriolanus is a superhuman Roman warrior who conquers an army of enemy Volsces in Corioles, and then returns to Rome a hero but also a potential tyrant whom the people then exile. Proud and vengeful, Coriolanus travels to Antium to join the Volsces with the promise of conquering Rome, but on campaign Coriolanus strangely metamorphoses into a dragon-like creature, until at last his mother Volumnia enters the camp as emissary and reverses his metamorphosis by speech alone, reducing her son to tears and terror in front of the Volsces, who ultimately execute him for treason. While Coriolanus has never been one of Shakespeare's more popular plays, the character of Coriolanus seems to metamorphose yet again, this time within the world of DC Comics, to become one of the most popular superheroes of all time: Superman.