bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
gem-Difluorobisarylic derivatives: design, synthesis and anti-inflammatory effect
Authors: Ayoub Abeer J. , Hariss Layal , El-Hachem Nehme , El-Achkar Ghewa A. , Ghayad Sandra E. , Dagher Oula K. , Borghol Nada , Grée René , Badran Bassam , Hachem Ali , Hamade Eva , Habib Aida 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionNew fluorinated diaryl ethers and bisarylic ketones were designed and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects in primary macrophages.MethodsThe synthesis of the designed molecules started from easily accessible and versatilegem-difluoro propargylic derivatives. The desired aromatic systems were obtained using Diels–Alder/aromatization sequences and this was followed by Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions and, when required, final functionalization steps. Both direct inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase-1 or -2 activities, protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and nitric oxide synthase-II and the production of prostaglandin E2, the pro-inflammatory nitric oxide and interleukin-6 were evaluated in primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide. Docking of the designed molecules in cyclooxygenase-1 or -2 was performed.ResultsOnly fluorinated compounds exerted anti-inflammatory activities by lowering the secretion of interleukin-6, nitric oxide, and prostaglandin E2, and decreasing the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in mouse primary macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide, as well as cyclooxygenase activity for some inhibitors with different efficiencies depending on the R-groups. Docking observation suggested an inhibitory role of cyclooxygenase-1 or -2 for compoundsA3,A4andA5in addition to their capacity to inhibit nitrite, interleukin-6, and nitric oxide synthase-II and cyclooxygenase-2 expression.ConclusionThe new fluorinated diaryl ethers and bisarylic ketones have anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages. These fluorinated compounds have improved potential anti-inflammatory properties due to the fluorine residues in the bioactive molecules.
Foot function and strength of patients with diabetes grouped by ulcer risk classification (IWGDF)
Authors: Ferreira Jane S. S. P. , Panighel João P. , Silva Érica Q. , Monteiro Renan L. , Cruvinel Júnior Ronaldo H. , Sacco Isabel C. N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The stratification system from the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) was used to classify the participants as to the ulcer risk. However, it is not yet known what the classification groups’ individual deficits are regarding sensitivity, function, and musculoskeletal properties and mechanics. This makes it difficult to design proper ulcer prevention strategies for patients. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the foot function, foot strength and health of people with diabetes mellitus (DM)—with or without DPN—while considering the different ulcer risk classifications determined by the IWGDF.

Methods
The subject pool comprised 72 people with DM, with and without DPN. The patients were divided into three groups: Group 0 (G0), which comprised diabetic patients without DPN; Group 1 (G1), which comprised patients with DPN; and Group 2 (G2), which comprised patients with DPN who had foot deformities. The health and foot function of the subjects’ feet were assessed using a foot health status questionnaire (FHSQ-BR) that investigated four domains: foot pain, foot function, footwear, and general foot health. The patients’ foot strength was evaluated using the maximum force under each subject’s hallux and toes on a pressure platform (emed q-100, Novel, Munich, Germany).

Results
Moderate differences were found between G0 and G1 and G2 for the foot pain, foot function, general foot health, and footwear. There was also a small but significant difference between G0 and G2 in regards to hallux strength.

Conclusion
Foot health, foot function and strength levels of people with DM and DPN classified by the ulcer risk are different and this must be taken into account when evaluating and developing treatment strategies for these patients.
Chemical diversity in leaf and stem essential oils of Origanum vulgare L. and their effects on microbicidal activities
Authors: Khan Merajuddin , Khan Shams T. , Khan Mujeeb , Mousa Ahmad A. , Mahmood Adeem , Alkhathlan Hamad Z. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) from the stems and leaves of Origanum vulgare L. grown in Saudi Arabia and Jordan were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and GC–flame ionization detector (FID) techniques on two different columns (polar and nonpolar). A detailed phytochemical analysis led to the identification of 153 constituents of these essential oils. Both Saudi and Jordanian plants are classified by chemotypes rich in cymyl-compounds. However, the Saudi Origanum contains carvacrol as the major component and is, thus, characterized as a carvacrol chemotype, while the Jordanian Origanum contains thymol as the major component, and, thus, it is classified as a thymol chemotype. In addition, the antimicrobial activities of the studied EOs and their major components, including carvacrol and thymol, were evaluated against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. All the tested compounds exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacteria. Among them, thymol demonstrated superior activity against all the tested organisms, followed by carvacrol. Moreover, results on oil composition and oil yield of O. vulgare L. from different parts of the world is compared in detail with the present outcomes.
Molecular characterization of hypothetical scaffolding-like protein S1 in multienzyme complex produced by Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus B-6
Authors: Pason Patthra , Sermsathanaswadi Junjarus , Waeonukul Rattiya , Tachaapaikoon Chakrit , Baramee Sirilak , Ratanakhanokchai Khanok , Kosugi Akihiko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPaenibacillus curdlanolyticusB-6 produces an extracellular multienzyme complex containing a hypothetical scaffolding-like protein and several xylanases and cellulases. The largest (280-kDa) component protein, called S1, has cellulose-binding ability and xylanase activity, thus was considered to function like the scaffolding proteins found in cellulosomes. S1 consists of 863 amino acid residues with predicted molecular mass 91,029 Da and includes two N-terminal surface layer homology (SLH) domains, but most of its sequence shows no homology with proteins of known function. Native S1 (nS1) was highly glycosylated. Purified nS1 and recombinant Xyn11A (rXyn11A) as a major xylanase subunit could assemble in a complex, but recombinant S1 (rS1) could not interact with rXyn11A, indicating that S1 glycosylation is necessary for assembly of the multienzyme complex. nS1 and rS1 showed weak, typical endo-xylanase activity, even though they have no homology with known glycosyl hydrolase family enzymes. S1 and its SLH domains bound tightly to the peptide-glycan layer ofP. curdlanolyticusB-6, microcrystalline cellulose, and insoluble xylan, indicating that the SLHs of S1 bind to carbohydrate polymers and the cell surface. When nS1 and rXyn11A were co-incubated with birchwood xylan, the degradation ability was synergistically increased compared with that for each protein; however synergy was not observed for rS1 and rXynA. These results indicate that S1 may have a scaffolding protein-like function by interaction with enzyme subunits and polysaccharides through its glycosylated sites and SLH domains.
MRI signal changes and their association with intervertebral disc disease in canine vertebral endplates
Authors: Deards Emma , Clements Dylan N. , Schwarz Tobias 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between intervertebral endplate changes and intervertebral disc disease. This study was designed as a cross-sectional, observational study. Two hundred thirteen canine MRI scans performed between 2007 and 2014 were retrieved from a digital image archive. Scans which included any sagittal sections of the vertebral column from C1 to S1 were assessed for morphological changes to the vertebral endplate.

Results
There was found to be a significant association between vertebral endplate changes and intervertebral disc disease of the adjacent disc (P = 0.021). There was not found to be any significant association between dogs having vertebral endplate changes and having intervertebral disc disease (P = 0.38). There was found to be a highly significant association between discs with vertebral endplate changes on both associated vertebrae (bilateral) and having intervertebral disc disease (P = < 0.0001).

Conclusions
The presence of endplate changes should alert the observer to closely examine the disc, as intervertebral disc disease is mildly more likely to occur adjacent to these changes.
Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital and community settings in Chad
Authors: Ouchar Mahamat Oumar , Tidjani Abdelsalam , Lounnas Manon , Hide Mallorie , Benavides Julio , Somasse Calèbe , Ouedraogo Abdoul-Salam , Sanou Soufiane , Carrière Christian , Bañuls Anne-Laure , Jean-Pierre Hélène , Dumont Yann , Godreuil Sylvain 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) remains poorly documented in Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-PE fecal carriage in Chad.

Methods
In total, 200 fresh stool samples were collected from 100 healthy community volunteers and 100 hospitalized patients from January to March 2017. After screening using ESBL-selective agar plates and species identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the disk diffusion method, and ESBL production confirmed with the double-disc synergy test. The different ESBL genes in potential ESBL-producing isolates were detected by PCR and double stranded DNA sequencing. Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups were determined using a PCR-based method.

Results
ESBL-PE fecal carriage prevalence was 44.5% (51% among hospitalized patients vs 38% among healthy volunteers; p < 0.05). ESBL-producing isolates were mostly Escherichia coli (64/89) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (16/89). PCR and sequencing showed that 98.8% (87/89) of ESBL-PE harbored blaCTX-M genes: blaCTX-M-15 in 94.25% (82/87) and blaCTX-M-14 in 5.75% (5/87). Phylogroup determination by quadruplex PCR indicated that ESBL-producing E. coli isolates belonged to group A (n = 17; 27%), C (n = 17; 27%), B2 (n = 9; 14%), B1 (n = 8; 13%), D (n = 8; 13%), E (n = 1; 1.6%), and F (n = 1; 1.6%). The ST131 clone was identified in 100% (9/9) of E. coli B2 strains.

Conclusions
The high fecal carriage rate of ESBL-PE associated with CTX-M-15 in hospital and community settings of Chad highlights the risk for resistance transmission between non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria.
Changes in pain following an interaction period of resistance training and green tea extract consumption in sedentary hypertensive women: impact of blood pressure swings
Authors: Arazi Hamid , Taati Behzad , Kheirkhah Jalal , Ramezanpour Samaneh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Changes in blood pressure (BP) may affect pain. However, the interaction effect of resistance training and green tea on BP and pain has not been studied. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of resistance training and green tea extract (GTE) on pain variables in hypertensive patients. Secondary aim included determining the effects of BP alterations on pain responses.

Methods
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 30 middle-aged sedentary women were randomly divided into resistance training and green tea extract (GR, n = 8), resistance training (R, n = 8), green tea (G, n = 7), and control groups (C, n = 7). The study period consisted of 3 weeks of GTE (~ 245 mg total polyphenols) consumption twice a day followed by 6 weeks of interaction with resistance training. GR and R groups performed two circuits of training with ten repetitions at 50% of 1RM 2 days a week while other two groups had no any regular exercise training. R and C groups also received placebo capsules (maltodextrin) with the same timing. Pain threshold and perception, BP, and heart rate were recorded following the first and last session of training at rest and 5th and 15th minute.

Results
Pain perception of training groups after the last session was significantly higher than control conditions, and at this time, the magnitude of BP responses was lower in training groups. In proportion to pain threshold, there were no significant differences between groups.

Conclusion
It seems that training-induced hypotension can alter pain perception in hypertensive women through changes in baroreceptor activation.
Trans-foraminal endoscopic uniportal decompression in degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis: a technical and case report
Authors: Krishnan Ajay , Kulkarni Mahesh , Singh Mreetaunjay , Reddy Chaitanya , Mayi Shivanand , Devanand D. , Rai Ravi Ranjan , Dave Bharat R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Degenerative spondylolisthesis is a common spinal pathology. Traditionally, spinal fusion is an accepted standard surgical treatment for listhesis. But fusion is a major intervention with its known pitfalls. With technological progression, minimally invasive spinal fusion (MISF) procedures are becoming mainstream. Percutaneous trans-foraminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy/decompressions (PTELD) without stabilization has many advantages over even a MISF for select group of patients.

Case presentation
In this case report, we describe using a uniportal unilateral trans-foraminal approach (TFA) for stable listhesis with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) causing chronic bilateral radicular symptoms and back pain with acute exacerbation. Under local anesthesia, we used a flat entry for PTELD, which facilitates an approach to both disc sides ventrally and even dorsal aspect lateral recess decompression on the dominant ipsilateral side. No fixation was done. An excellent outcome is obtained immediately at 6 weeks and maintained at 39 months of follow-up.

Conclusion
PTELD is worth considering as an intermediate procedure before fusion is offered in lateral recess stenosis in stable listhesis patients who have consented and understand the progressive cascade of spinal degeneration.
Reproducible Ionization of Gold Nanospheres and Nanostars in Gelatin Sections
Authors: Nishi Tomoki , Muko Daiki , Rabor Janice B , Niidome Yasuro 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Gold nanospheres were dispersed in gelatin sections (10–100 µm thickness) and their laser desorption/ionization (LDI) efficiencies of gold ions (Au+, Au2+, Au3+) under pulsed-laser irradiation were examined. The mass signal intensities were linear to the surface densities ranging from 6 × 104 to 6 × 106 particles/mm2. When the thickness of the sections was thinner than or equal to 50 µm, the LDI efficiency of gold nanospheres was independent of the thickness. Thus, the mass intensity was dependent on the surface densities of gold nanospheres in the gelatin sections. It was also found that the LDI efficiencies were affected by the concentration of gelatin solutions. Based on the high reproducibility of mass signals obtained from gelatin sections, the LDI efficiencies of star-shaped gold nanoparticles (gold nanostars) were also evaluated. It was found that the nanostars showed higher LDI efficiencies than gold nanospheres, but the enhancement was not more than 25%.
Image-guidance triggered adaptive replanning of radiation therapy for locally advanced lung cancer: an evaluation of cases requiring plan adaptation
Authors: Appel Sarit , Bar Jair , Alezra Dror , Ben-Ayun Maoz , Rabin-Alezra Tatiana , Honig Nir , Katzman Tamar , Chatterji Sumit , Symon Zvi , Lawrence Yaacov Richard 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
Anatomic changes may occur during chemoradiation treatment for lung cancers, requiring adaptive replanning. Here we characterize these cases.

Methods:
We retrospectively studied lung cancer cases that underwent resimulation and adaptive replanning during 1/2016–3/2019. We compared first and second CT-simulation regarding tumor location, timing of change, tumor volume, anatomical alteration and change in simulation technique. We also compared dosimetric parameters between the plans, recorded local control, and overall survival outcomes.

Results:
Out of 281 patients, 58 underwent replanning (20.6%). Histology included small cell (22.4%) and non-small cell (77.6%). Stage III was in 91.4%. Mean radiation dose of 59.4 Gray (Gy) (range 50-66Gy).
Tumor location was peribronchial in 53.5%. Timing of replanning was in the first, second and final third of the treatment course in 26%, 43% and 31% respectively. Changes in gross tumor volume were observed in 74%; mean gross tumor volume was 276.7cc vs 192.7 cc (first vs second simulation, p = 0.001). Anatomical changes were identified in 35.4% including pleural fluid accumulation, atelectasis or pneumothorax alteration. Change in simulation technique was performed in 25.9%, including breath-hold or continuous positive airway pressure.
Changes in dosimetric parameters when the same technique was used: lung V20Gy 26% (standard deviation, SD 7.6) vs 25.3% (SD 6.6) (p = 0.36), mean lung dose 15.1 Gy (SD 3.7) vs 14.7Gy (SD 3.3) (p = 0.23), heart V40Gy 10.2% (SD13) vs 7.2% (SD 9.8) (p = 0.037). When simulation technique changed: lung V20Gy 30.8% (SD 8.2) vs 27.3% (SD 8) (p = 0.012), mean lung dose 17.3 Gy (SD 4.4) vs 15.3 Gy (SD 3.8) (p = 0.007), heart V40Gy 11.1% (SD 14.7) vs 6.5% (SD 6.7) (p = 0.014).
2 year local control was 60.7% (95% confidence interval, 34.5–79.2%), and median overall survival was 19.7 months.

Conclusion:
Adaptive replanning of radiation was performed in a fifth of locally advanced lung cancer patients. In most cases tumor volume decreased, or atelectasis resolved, causing mediastinal shifts, which, if unidentified and left uncorrected, may have led to local failure and increased toxicity. The heart V40Gy was reduced significantly in all cases, but significant reduction in lung doses was evident only if simulation technique was altered.

Advances in knowledge:
In locally advanced lung cancer image-guidance with cone beam CT can detect significant mediastinal shifts and gross tumor volume changes that raise the need for adaptive replanning. Image guidance-triggered adaptive replanning should be added to the armament of advanced radiation treatment planning in locally advanced lung cancer.
Granice Europy i granice Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Porębski Czesław 
Published: October 2019

The Borders of Europe and the Borders of the European Union
The relationship between Europe and geography is extremely complicated. In consequence, one can distinguish many senses of “Europe”. Some of them are here identified and put in a historical perspective. This perspective might be helpful in present day discussions concerning the scope and limits of the European integration. Another perspective is, however, also utterly important: the global commitments that European Union has to accept follow not only from the European past, but also from the basic European values and cultural features.
Granice Państwa Kościelnego w II połowie VIII wieku w świetle wczesnych źródeł historycznych
Authors: Dawczyk Maciej 
Published: October 2019

Borders of the Papal State in the Second Half of 8th Century in the Light of Early Sources
In 756 as the result of donation made by frankish king Pepin papacy formally controlled duchy of Rome, part of former exarchate of Ravenna (earlier directly submitted to Ravenna), larger part of duchy of the Pentapolis and probably duchy of Perugia. Papacy claimed belonged to Lombards territory of plenaria iustitiae (part of Pentapolis and duchy of Ferrara) as well. In 765 king Desiderius transfered to papacy not plenaria iustitiae but some parts of Tuscany, duchy of Benevento and duchy of Spoleto. In 774 took place frankish intervention which destroyed lombard kingdom. Frankish king Charlemagne conveyed to pope Hadrian I new territories (lombard Tuscany, Corsica, Spoleto, Benevento, Istria, Veneto) and confirmed old donations. However the pope had not possibility to really take over these lands. In 781 as the recompensation king conveyed to Hadrian southern part of Lombard Tuscany, territory of Sabina, part of Campania and confirmed territories in exarchate and Pentapolis. Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily were added as well. In 787 papacy received next part of Campania. Determination of the shape of the territories practically controlled by the pope is very difficult because in many lands there were problems with introduction of real papal reign.
Granice w wizji politycznej współczesnej skrajnej prawicy w Niemczech
Authors: Kałabunowska Agata 
Published: October 2019

Borders in the Political Vision of Contemporary Extreme Right in Germany
The article deals with the issue of broadly defined borders in political and ideological programmes of selected extreme right organisations in contemporary Germany (AfD, NPD, IBD). The starting point for the textual and content analysis of actual programs of these organizations is the author’s reflection on the importance of dichotomy in the broader political view of the extreme right. The author claims that the considerably strong focus of the selected right‑wing organisations on the issue of physical or cultural borders does not only derive from the timing of their activism – the so called migration crisis. It is rather pre‑defined by the ideological features of the far right in general. The core ideological elements ascribed to the far right as a stream of political thought, such as nationalism or authoritarianism, are based on the dichotomy and influence on the far right perception of the world.
Stosunek młodzieży do sąsiadów na pograniczach w Polsce, na Ukrainie i na Węgrzech
Authors: Długosz Piotr 
Published: October 2019

Youth’s Attitudes Towards Neighbouring Countries in the Borderlands in Poland, Ukraine, and Hungary
The article presents the youth’s attitudes towards different nations. The research was conducted using the survey method. The auditorium questionnaire was carried out among secondary school students. The research sample was selected using quota sampling. The research was conducted in four borderlands in Poland, three borderlands in Ukraine and one borderland in Hungary. The results of the research have shown that in each of the researched countries, well‑developed and rich nations are valued more highly by the youth, whereas the poor, post‑communist nations are less appreciated. The youth was the least sympathetic towards Muslims. The analyses have shown that the main factors determining the attitudes towards neighbours were the historical background and socio‑political relations between the countries. Socio‑economical relations in the borderlands had little influence on the youth’s attitudes.