bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Akar Historis dan Perkembangan Islam di Inggris
Authors: Budi Syah 
Published: November 2020

This paper will reveal the historical roots and Islamic development in British. The discussion covers various areas of study pertaining to historical situations. The study tends to focus on the search for the historical roots of Islam in the 7th to 15th and 16th-17th centuries, and also the development of Islamic institutions in British contemporer.The historical roots of Islam in Britain have existed since the discovery of several coins with the words 'laa ilaaha illallah' belonging to the King of Central England, Offa of Mercia, who died in 796. The history records that this Anglo Saxon King had trade ties with the peoples Muslim Spain, France and North Africa. In addition, also found in the 9th century the words 'bismillah' by Kufi Arabic on Ballycottin Cross. Indeed, in the eighth century history has noted that trade between Britain and the Muslim nations has been established. In fact, in 817 Muhammad bin Musa al-Khawarizmi wrote the book Shurat al-Ardhi (World Map) which contains a picture of a number of places in England. In the 12th century, when the feud with Pope Innocent III, King John established a relationship with Muslim rulers in North Africa. Later, in the era of Henry II, Adelard of Bath, a private teacher of the King of England who had visited Syria and Muslim Spain, translated a number of books by Arab Muslim writers into Latin. The same is done by Danel of Marley and Michael Scouts who translated Aristotle's works from Arabic. In 1386 Chaucer wrote in his book prologue Canterbury of Tales, a book that says that on the way back to Canterbury from the holy land, Palestine, a number of pilgrims visit physicists and other experts such as al-Razi, Ibn Sina and Ibnu Rusyd. At that time Ibn Sina's work, al-Qanun fi al-Tibb, had become the standard text for medical students until the seventeenth century.The development of Islam increasingly rapidly era after. In 1636 opened the Arabic language department at the University of Oxford. In addition, it is well known that the English King Charles I had collected Arabic and Persian manuscripts. In the era of Cromwell's post civil war, the Koran for the first time in 1649 was translated in English by Alexander Ross. In the nineteenth century more and more small Muslim communities, both immigrants from Africa and Asia, settled in port cities such as Cardif, South Shield (near New Castle), London and Liverpool. In the next stage, to this day, Islam in Britain has formally developed rapidly through the roles of institutions and priests, and the existence of Islam is also widely acknowledged by the kingdom, government, intellectuals, and the public at large
Perkembangan Islam di Brunei
Authors: Najtama Fikria 
Published: November 2020

Brunei has existed since at least the 7th or 8th century. In the history mentioned Islam has come to Brunei since the 7th century, which at that time Brunei has become a center of trade. The king of Brunei Malay kingdom since Sultan Muhammad Shah (1383), is a Muslim sultan who leads the kingdom as well as religious leaders, and is responsible for upholding the implementation of religious teachings in the region. This paper will discuss the development of Islam and the dynamics of Malay politics, religion and traditions in Brunei Darussalam to the present, including how Brunei Islam can pass through the British colonial era with unique conditions, even as they respect Britain as the savior of their country. Brunei reached its heyday from the fifteenth to the seventeenth century at the time of the Bolkiah Sultan, who ruled the entire island of Borneo and the Philippine archipelago, before the arrival of European colonial nations. Together with Malaysia, Brunei was colonized by Britain, and since 1888 the Kingdom of Brunei is a British Commonwealth. After Malaysia Merdeka (1957), Brunei declared its independence on January 1, 1984 from Malaysia. Although not a vast country. Brunei is an Islamic state that plays an important role in maintaining Islamic values in society. This is the success of the mosque coaching program and the advancement of religious education as a top priority. The Malay Muslim Kingdom of Brunei Darussalam made Islam its national ideology to implement Sunni Islam (Ahlussunnah Waljamaah), to obey the king, and to live the life of Darussalam as a Malay nation In fact, all the activities of the kingdom and government rules serve to strengthen the existence of Islam. The threat of Islam that can disrupt the stability of the country is a radical movement. The government has banned sectarian Islamic sects such as al-Arqam and others, so that Brunei remains a Darussalam, a safe, prosperous country, and protected from disturbances and chaos.
Perancangan Model E-Government Terintegrasi untuk Mencegah Penyimpangan pada Belanja Perjalanan Dinas
Authors: Suprayitno Suprayitno 
Published: November 2020

Hingga saat ini sistem perjalanan dinas masih berpotensi pada penyimpangan belanja negara. Sebagaimana yang disampaikan BPK RI pada laporan hasil pemeriksaan atas Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Pusat. Perjalanan dinas fiktif, ganda dan pertanggungjawaban dokumen palsu merupakan modus penyimpangan belanja yang sering terjadi. Ketidakefektifan rancangan sistem pengendalian intern (SPI) merupakan permasalahan pokok yang berpotensi menimbulkan berbagai bentuk penyimpangan belanja perjalanan dinas. Melalui penelitian ini, penulis mengemukakan rancangan model E-Government untuk memperkuat rancangan SPI pada sistem perjalanan dinas dalam rangka mencegah penyimpangan pada belanja perjalanan dinas. Penelitian ini mempergunakan metode pengembangan sistem informasi dengan pendekatan pengembangan sistem berbasis model System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) dengan fokus pada fase analisis terhadap proses bisnis dan perancangan model E-Government secara konseptual. Adapun pada bagian akhir penulis menyajikan rancangan model E-Government terintegrasi pada sistem perjalanan dinas dengan beberapa penyesuaian proses bisnis.
Pathophysiology of hyperuricemia and its clinical significance – a narrative review
Authors: Skoczyńska Marta , Chowaniec Małgorzata , Szymczak Anna , Langner-Hetmańczuk Anna , Maciążek-Chyra Beata , Wiland Piotr 
Published: November 2020

Hyperuricemia, i.e. increased serum uric acid (UA) concentration, is a common problem in clinical practice. While there are clear guidelines concerning management of symptomatic hyperuricemia in acute conditions such as gout, urolithiasis or acute urate nephropathy, less is known about their secondary prevention. Moreover, despite the ongoing debate on the role of UA in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and heart failure, the management of asymptomatic hyperuricemia in patients with these chronic conditions is still mainly up to physicians’ judgement. Individual considerations should always be taken into account when prescribing urate-lowering therapy. <br />
In this narrative review study, we attempt to present current trends concerning treatment of patients with either symptomatic or asymptomatic hyperuricemia in the light of the available knowledge on the role of hyperuricemia in the development of gout, renal, cardiovascular and other diseases.
Suitability of 17 gridded rainfall and temperature datasets for large-scale hydrological modelling in West Africa
Authors: Dembélé Moctar , Schaefli Bettina , van de Giesen Nick , Mariéthoz Grégoire 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This study evaluates the ability of different gridded
rainfall datasets to plausibly represent the spatio-temporal patterns of
multiple hydrological processes (i.e. streamflow, actual evaporation, soil
moisture and terrestrial water storage) for large-scale hydrological
modelling in the predominantly semi-arid Volta River basin (VRB) in West
Africa. Seventeen precipitation products based essentially on
gauge-corrected satellite data (TAMSAT, CHIRPS, ARC, RFE, MSWEP, GSMaP,
PERSIANN-CDR, CMORPH-CRT, TRMM 3B42 and TRMM 3B42RT) and on reanalysis (ERA5,
PGF, EWEMBI, WFDEI-GPCC, WFDEI-CRU, MERRA-2 and JRA-55) are compared as
input for the fully distributed mesoscale Hydrologic Model (mHM). To assess
the model sensitivity to meteorological forcing during rainfall partitioning
into evaporation and runoff, six different temperature reanalysis datasets
are used in combination with the precipitation datasets, which results in
evaluating 102 combinations of rainfall–temperature input data. The model is
recalibrated for each of the 102 input combinations, and the model responses
are evaluated by using in situ streamflow data and satellite remote-sensing
datasets from GLEAM evaporation, ESA CCI soil moisture and GRACE
terrestrial water storage. A bias-insensitive metric is used to assess the
impact of meteorological forcing on the simulation of the spatial patterns
of hydrological processes. The results of the process-based evaluation show
that the rainfall datasets have contrasting performances across the four
climatic zones present in the VRB. The top three best-performing rainfall
datasets are TAMSAT, CHIRPS and PERSIANN-CDR for streamflow; ARC, RFE and
CMORPH-CRT for terrestrial water storage; MERRA-2, EWEMBI/WFDEI-GPCC and
PGF for the temporal dynamics of soil moisture; MSWEP, TAMSAT and ARC for
the spatial patterns of soil moisture; ARC, RFE and GSMaP-std for the
temporal dynamics of actual evaporation; and MSWEP, TAMSAT and MERRA-2 for the
spatial patterns of actual evaporation. No single rainfall or temperature
dataset consistently ranks first in reproducing the spatio-temporal
variability of all hydrological processes. A dataset that is best in
reproducing the temporal dynamics is not necessarily the best for the
spatial patterns. In addition, the results suggest that there is more
uncertainty in representing the spatial patterns of hydrological processes
than their temporal dynamics. Finally, some region-tailored datasets
outperform the global datasets, thereby stressing the necessity and
importance of regional evaluation studies for satellite and reanalysis
meteorological datasets, which are increasingly becoming an alternative to
in situ measurements in data-scarce regions.
Small-scale spatial variability in bare-ice reflectance at Jamtalferner, Austria
Authors: Hartl Lea , Felbauer Lucia , Schwaizer Gabriele , Fischer Andrea 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. As Alpine glaciers become snow-free in summer, more dark, bare ice is
exposed, decreasing local albedo and increasing surface melting. To include
this feedback mechanism in models of future deglaciation, it is important to
understand the processes governing broadband and spectral albedo at a local
scale. However, few in situ reflectance data have been measured in the
ablation zones of mountain glaciers. As a contribution to this knowledge
gap, we present spectral reflectance data
(hemispherical–conical–reflectance factor) from 325 to 1075 nm collected
along several profile lines in the ablation zone of Jamtalferner, Austria.
Measurements were timed to closely coincide with a Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8
overpass and are compared to the respective ground reflectance
(bottom-of-atmosphere) products. The brightest spectra have a maximum
reflectance of up to 0.7 and consist of clean, dry ice. In contrast,
reflectance does not exceed 0.2 for dark spectra where liquid water and/or
fine-grained debris are present. Spectra can roughly be grouped into dry
ice, wet ice, and dirt or rocks, although gradations between these groups
occur. Neither satellite captures the full range of in situ reflectance
values. The difference between ground and satellite data is not uniform
across satellite bands, between Landsat and Sentinel, and to some extent
between ice surface types (underestimation of reflectance for bright
surfaces, overestimation for dark surfaces). We highlight the need for
further, systematic measurements of in situ spectral reflectance properties,
their variability in time and space, and in-depth analysis of
time-synchronous satellite data.
Enacting Wide-Awakeness: Stories of Challenging Moments and Personal Change in High School Visual Arts
Authors: Williams Rebecca 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Maxine Greene theorized that art and aesthetic education invite teachers and students to enact wide-awakeness. Wide-awakeness is a state of mind and relational practice lived out through actively approaching experience with interested attentiveness and careful consideration. To uncover moments of wide-awakeness in practice, I conducted a narrative inquiry instrumental case study of a high school visual arts course over a period of 9 weeks. In this article, I invite the reader into three distinct stories of the students’ enactment of wide-awakeness during this research study. These stories reveal how the students entered into, persisted through, and were impacted by their unique experiences within the course. As these narratives allow us to vicariously experience these moments, I highlight evidence of Greene’s theory in the contemporary context of a high school visual arts course. These compelling stories of change also reveal the power of a visual arts education in the lives of individuals and advocate for the significance of arts education in providing a well-rounded education for all students.
Participatie onder druk
Authors: Azghari Youssef , Janssen Janine , Nieuwboer Christa 
Published: November 2020

Participation under pressure. A mismatch between migrants and social professionals. Building better relationships
Two major shifts in the Dutch policy have changed how social professionals work for migrants. These two refer to the change from a multicultural in an assimilation policy and a participative society where people are more dependent on their network or resilience for dealing with their needs. Based on our exploratory interviews with eight professionals and a focus group of six participants with a non-western cultural background we conclude that what migrants expect from social professionals and what they can offer do not match. It is due to contrasting views and cultural differences. This has a negative impact on their participation.
En glemt skatt, Miranda Bødtkers tegninger af arkæologiske tekstiler
Authors: Bender Jørgensen Lise , Moe Dagfinn 
Published: November 2020

Over many years, illustrator Miranda Bødtker (1896–1996) carried out drawings for botanists, zoologists and archaeologists at Bergen Museum, the University of Bergen. After her death, thousands of drawings were discovered in her estate. Among them were numerous unpublished drawings of archaeological textiles from five sites. Bødtker’s illustrations show that although several scholars have studied the textiles, none had seen them all. This applies in particular to textiles from two Viking Age burials, Grønhaug and Dale, both of which comprise remains of figured tapestries that are hardly mentioned in archaeological literature. Grønhaug, and a boat from Halsnøy also offer several types of textiles related to the maritime world. The paper presents Bødtker’s drawings and discusses how they compare with published descriptions of those textiles, with drawings of textiles from the Oseberg burial, and to what degree this form of documentation meets current scientific demands.
Evaluation of phytosanitary products for the management of raspberry late leaf rust [Pucciniastrum americanum (Farl.) Arthur]
Authors: Delisle-Houde Maxime , Demers François , Tweddell Russell J. 
Published: November 2020

Different phytosanitary products (Actinovate SP, Cabrio EG, Double Nickel 55, Fullback 125 SC, Kumulus DF, Nova, Phostrol, Pristine WG, Serenade Opti, Sirocco, StorOx) registered in Canada for the management of various diseases of horticultural crops but not for the management of late leaf rust (LLR) of raspberry were tested against the latter. Efficacy of each product was first determined in vitro on raspberry leaf discs. Based on in vitro efficacy, tested products can be ranked (from the most to the least effective) as follows: Nova, Sirocco, Fullback 125 SC, Pristine WG, Phostrol, Kumulus DF, StorOx, Cabrio EG, Serenade Opti, and Actinovate SP/Double Nickel 55. Five products (Fullback 125 SC, Kumulus DF, Nova, Phostrol, Sirocco) were further tested in the field. Foliar applications of Fullback 125 SC and Nova significantly reduced disease severity as compared with the control. This study shows that the triazole fungicides Fullback 125 SC and Nova were effective against LLR of raspberry as determined using in vitro and field assays and proposes a fast, inexpensive, and easy in vitro method to be used to select phytosanitary products to be tested for field assays.
Humic acid may retard damages of cells in strawberry apices in high saline environment
Authors: Lin Yong-Hong , Chang Yao-Tsung 
Published: November 2020

Most studies were focused on the salt-resistance physiology by humic acid (HA) for strawberry in the past. For advancely verifying the remission of salt injury by humic acid, this study was conducted to evaluate K+/Na+ in the strawberry and observe cell morphology of strawberry after treatment of salt concentrations (0 and 50 mg kg-1) and HA (0, 150 and 300 mg kg-1). The results showed that the treatments of humic acid will increase the absorption of K+ (potassium ion) and reduce Na+ (sodium ion), and hence increase K+/Na+ in the root and leaf of strawberry. By the observing of SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy), under no salt treatments, no matter the additive concentration of humic acid, the root apices of strawberries were normal and integrity. However, in the treatments of high salt concentration, the shrinking and cracking of cells in root apices of strawberries were serious and gradually getting integrity and normal after adding humic acids from 150 to 300 mg kg-1. These results showed that the appropriate treating concentration of humic acid will inhibit the salt injury on root apices of strawberries.
Acetate correlates with disability and immune response in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pérez-Pérez Silvia , Domínguez-Mozo María Inmaculada , Alonso-Gómez Aitana , Medina Silvia , Villarrubia Noelia , Fernández-Velasco Jose Ignacio , García-Martínez María Ángel , García-Calvo Estefanía , Estévez Héctor , Costa-Frossard Lucienne , Alvarez-Cermeño Jose C. , Luque-Garcia Jose L. , Arroyo Rafael , Villar Luisa M. , Alvarez-Lafuente Roberto 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundGut microbiota has been related to multiple sclerosis (MS) etiopathogenesis. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are compounds derived from microbial metabolism that have a role in gut-brain axis.ObjectivesTo analyse SCFA levels in plasma of MS patients and healthy donors (HD), and the possible link between these levels and both clinical data and immune cell populations.MethodsNinety-five MS patients and 54 HD were recruited. Patients were selected according to their score in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (49 EDSS ≤ 1.5, 46 EDSS ≥ 5.0). SCFA were studied in plasma samples by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied by flow cytometry. Gender, age, treatments, EDSS and Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) were evaluated at the recruitment.ResultsPlasma acetate levels were higher in patients than in HD (p = 0.003). Patients with EDSS ≥ 5.0 had higher acetate levels than those with EDSS≤ 1.5 (p = 0.029), and HD (p = 2.97e–4). Acetate levels correlated with EDSS (r = 0.387;p = 1.08e–4) and MSSS (r = 0.265; p = 0.011). In untreated MS patients, acetate levels correlated inversely with CD4+ naïve T cells (r = − 0.550, p = 0.001) and directly with CD8+ IL-17+ cells (r = 0.557; p = 0.001).ConclusionsPlasma acetate levels are higher in MS patients than in HD. In MS there exists a correlation between plasma acetate levels, EDSS and increased IL-17+ T cells. Future studies will elucidate the role of SCFA in the disease.
The high catalytic rate of the cold‐activeVibrioalkaline phosphatase requires a hydrogen bonding network involving a large interface loop
Authors: Hjörleifsson Jens Guðmundur , Helland Ronny , Magnúsdóttir Manuela , Ásgeirsson Bjarni 
Published: November 2020

The role of surface loops in mediating communication through residue networks is still a relatively poorly understood part in the study of cold adaptation of enzymes, especially in terms of their quaternary interactions. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) from the psychrophilic marine bacteriumVibrio splendidus(VAP) is characterized by an analogous large surface loop in each monomer, referred to as the large loop, that hovers over the active site of the other monomer. It presumably has a role in the high catalytic efficiency of VAP which accompanies its extremely low thermal stability. Here, we designed several different variants of VAP with the aim of removing intersubunit interactions at the dimer interface. Breaking the intersubunit contacts from one residue in particular (Arg336) reduced the temperature stability of the catalytically potent conformation and caused a 40% drop in catalytic rate. The high catalytic rates of enzymes from cold‐adapted organisms are often associated with increased dynamic flexibility. Comparison of the relative B‐factors of the R336L crystal structure to that of the wild‐type confirmed surface flexibility was increased in a loop on the opposite monomer, but not in the large loop. The increase in flexibility resulted in a reduced catalytic rate. The large loop increases the area of the interface between the subunits through its contacts and may facilitate an alternating structural cycle demanded by a half‐of‐sites reaction mechanism through stronger ties, as the dimer oscillates between high affinity (active) or low phosphoryl group affinity (inactive).
Clinical and transcriptional recovery profiles in pediatric and adult multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Menascu Shay , Khavkin Yulia , Zilkha‐Falb Rina , Dolev Mark , Magalashvili David , Achiron Anat , Gurevich Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) and adults‐onset multiple sclerosis (AOMS) patients are different in initial disease severity and recovery and to investigate the associations with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) transcriptional profiles.MethodsClinical and radiological severity of first and second relapses and 6‐month recovery were analyzed in 2153 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and compared between POMS (onset at 8–18years old) and AOMS (onset at 19–40 years old) patients. PBMCs transcriptomes of 15 POMS and 15 gender‐matched AOMS patients were analyzed 6 months after the first relapse and compared to 55 age‐matched healthy controls. Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) with a false discovery rate ≤ 10% were evaluated using the Partek software.ResultsPOMS had increased Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at first and second relapses, higher brain gadolinium‐enhancing T1‐lesions volume at first relapse, and more complete recovery after both relapses compared to AOMS. POMS patients, who recovered completely from the first relapse, were characterized by 19 DEGs that were mainly related to suppression of antigen presentation. Six upstream regulators of these genes were differentially expressed between pediatric and adult healthy controls. POMS patients, who showed no recovery from the first relapse, were characterized by 28 DEGs that were mainly associated with B‐cell activation. Five upstream regulators of these genes were differentially expressed between pediatric and adult healthy controls.InterpretationPOMS patients may have more severe first and second relapses than AOMS. However, most often, POMS have better recovery that may be attributed to PBMCs age‐related transcriptional profiles associated with antigen presentation and B‐cell activation.