bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plants with less chlorophyll: A global change perspective
Authors: Genesio Lorenzo , Bassi Roberto , Miglietta Franco 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe necessary reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions may lead in the future to an increase in solar irradiance (solar brightening). Anthropogenic aerosols (and their precursors) that cause solar dimming are in fact often co‐emitted with GHGs. While the reduction of GHG emissions is expected to slow down the ongoing increase in the greenhouse effect, an increased surface irradiance due to reduced atmospheric aerosol load might occur in the most populated areas of the earth. Increased irradiance may lead to air warming, favour the occurrence of heatwaves and increase the evaporative demand of the atmosphere. This is why effective and sustainable solar radiation management strategies to reflect more light back to space should be designed, tested and implemented together with GHG emission mitigation. Here we propose that new plants (crops, orchards and forests) with low‐chlorophyll (Chl) content may provide a realistic, sustainable and relatively simple solution to increase surface reflectance of large geographical areas via changes in surface albedo. This may finally offset all or part of the expected local solar brightening. While high‐Chl content provides substantial competitive advantages to plants growing in their natural environment, new plants with low‐Chl content may be successfully used in agriculture and silviculture and be as productive as the green wildtypes (or even more). The most appropriate strategies to obtain highly productive and highly reflective plants are discussed in this paper and their mitigation potential is examined together with the challenges associated with their introduction in agriculture.
Context matters: Problematizing the policy‐practice interface in the enactment of gender equality action plans in universities
Authors: Ní Laoire Caitríona , Linehan Carol , Archibong Uduak , Picardi Ilenia , Udén Maria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study argues for recognition of the constitutive role of context in shaping the dynamics of the policy‐practice interface in the field of gender equality in universities. Using a comparative and reflective case‐study approach, we draw on our experiences, as action‐researchers, of developing and implementing Gender Equality Action Plans (GEAPs) in four universities in four different European countries and we explore the role of national and local context in the mediation and translation of the GEAP model. Drawing on the concepts of gendered organizations, dialogic organizational change, and policy mobilities, we argue for the need to be critical of approaches to gender equality in higher education (HE) that presume policy measures and good practice models transfer unproblematically to different HE organizations in different international contexts; instead, we draw attention to the contingent ways in which uneven gender relations articulate and manifest in different contexts, shaping possibilities for, and obstacles to, gender equality intervention. Thus, we argue that context plays a crucial constitutive role in the interpretation, enactment, and impact of gender equality policy in HE.
Reduced erythrocyte lifespan measured by chromium‐51 in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing long‐term hemodialysis
Authors: Bomholt Tobias , Oturai Peter , Rix Marianne , Almdal Thomas , Knop Filip K. , Rosthøj Susanne , Feldt‐Rasmussen Bo , Hornum Mads 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionA reduced erythrocyte lifespan potentially explains the low hemoglobin A1c values found in hemodialysis patients. However, data supporting this notion in patients with type 2 diabetes is unclear. We evaluated the erythrocyte lifespan in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing long‐term hemodialysis and investigated potential predictors of erythrocyte lifespan.MethodsLong‐term hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes and type 2 diabetes patients without nephropathy (estimated glomerular filtration rate > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) were included. The erythrocyte lifespan was measured using chromium‐51 (51Cr)‐labeled erythrocytes. Blood radiotracer activity was measured six to nine times over a period of 3–5 weeks to determine the erythrocyte lifespan of each patient. Biochemical markers were obtained five times over 16 weeks and associated with the erythrocyte lifespan.FindingsType 2 diabetes patients undergoing hemodialysis (N = 13) had a significantly shorter median erythrocyte lifespan of 49.7 (interquartile range [IQR] = 44.1–58.6) days compared with 64.2 (IQR = 62.6–83.5) days in the control group (N = 10) (P ˂ 0.001) with a difference between medians of 14.5 (95% confidence interval = 8.1–38.8) days. In the hemodialysis group, no association could be detected between the erythrocyte lifespan and markers of hemolysis, level of inflammation, or urea.DiscussionA reduced erythrocyte lifespan was detected in type 2 diabetes patients undergoing long‐term hemodialysis. This may contribute to the reduced hemoglobin A1c values observed in the type 2 diabetic hemodialysis population. An association could not be detected between the erythrocyte lifespan and biochemical markers of hemolysis or inflammation.
Association between dental factors and mortality
Authors: Liljestrand J. M. , Salminen A. , Lahdentausta L. , Paju S. , Mäntylä P. , Buhlin K. , Tjäderhane L. , Sinisalo J. , Pussinen P. J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo study whether oral parameters such as endodontic infections, root canal fillings, number of teeth or wearing removable dentures at baseline are associated with cardiovascular‐ and all‐cause mortality in a follow‐up of approximately 8 years.MethodologyThe Finnish Parogene cohort consists of 508 Finnish adults (mean age 63.3 years, SD 9.1) with cardiac symptoms, all of whom had undergone coronary angiography for accurate baseline coronary status. Extensive clinical and radiographic oral examinations were performed, and additional data were acquired from medical records and questionnaires. Root canal fillings and endodontic lesions, as well as their co‐occurrence, were determined from panoramic radiographs. The mortality data were assessed via record linkage with the Finnish Causes of Death register (mean follow‐up time 7.81 years, SD 1.45 years). A total of n = 471 dentate patients were included in the statistical analyses.ResultsA total of n = 69 deaths were recorded, of which n = 41 were due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs, ICD‐10 I00–I99). The deceased had fewer root canal fillings (mean 1.57; SD 1.64 vs. mean 2.30; SD 2.34, P = 0.03) than the survivors. The number of missing teeth was associated with smoking, occluded coronary arteries and diabetes. Cox regression with Firth's penalized maximum‐likelihood method using age as timescale revealed an inverse association (HR; 95%CI) between mortality and number of teeth (all‐cause 0.91; 0.86–0.96, CVD mortality 0.89; 0.83–0.96), use of removable dentures (all‐cause 0.24; 0.09–0.62, CVD mortality 0.20; 0.06–0.72), root canal fillings (all‐cause 0.82; 0.70–0.94, CVD mortality 0.79; 0.63–0.96) and having root canal fillings in all teeth with apical rarefactions (all‐cause 0.27; 0.06–0.79, CVD mortality 0.09; 0.01–0.63), when gender, smoking, occluded coronary arteries, periodontal inflammatory burden index and the number of teeth were adjusted for.ConclusionsThe number of missing teeth appeared to be the strongest predictor of mortality in this study, whereas endodontic infections per se had no independent association. Nevertheless, signs of professional intervention in these problems, such as root canal fillings and removable dentures, appeared to be associated with improved survival, which might partly be explained by the utilization of healthcare services.
Phase equilibria and stability of intermediate phases in the Sm2O3–BaO–Fe2O3 system
Authors: Volkova Nadezhda E. , Tolstov Konstantin S. , Gavrilova Ludmila Ya. , Raveau Bernard , Maignan Antoine , Cherepanov Vladimir A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhase equilibria in the ½ Sm2O3–BaO–½ Fe2O3 system were systematically studied at 1100°C in air. Two individual compounds: Sm1.875Ba3.125Fe5O15‐δ and Ba3SmFe2O7.5+δ have been detected in the studied system at 1100°C in air. One more complex oxide with double perovskite structure SmBaFe2O5+w has been obtained under reduced oxygen partial pressure. Thermodynamic stability of SmBaFe2O5+w and its thermal stability in metastable state in air were determined. The subsolidus phase diagram for the ½ Sm2O3 – BaO – ½ Fe2O3 system at 1100°C in air has been constructed.
Distinctive clinical and histological characteristics of atrophic and hypertrophic facial photoageing
Authors: Langton A.K. , Ayer J. , Griffiths T.W. , Rashdan E. , Naidoo K. , Caley M.P. , Birch‐Machin M.A. , O'Toole E.A. , Watson R.E.B. , Griffiths C.E.M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhotoageing describes complex cutaneous changes which occur following chronic exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Amongst White Northern Europeans, facial photoageing appears as distinct clinical phenotypes: ‘hypertrophic’ photoageing (HP) and ‘atrophic’ photoageing (AP). Deep, coarse wrinkles predominate in individuals with HP, whereas those with AP have relatively smooth, unwrinkled skin with pronounced telangiectasia. AP individuals have an increased propensity for developing keratinocyte cancers.ObjectivesTo investigate whether histological differences underlie these distinct phenotypes of facial photoageing.MethodsFacial skin biopsies were obtained from participants with AP (10 M, 10 F; mean age: 78.7 years) or HP (10 M, 10 F; mean age: 74.5 years) and were assessed histologically and by immunohistochemistry.ResultsDemographic characterization revealed 95% of AP subjects, as compared to 35% with HP, were Fitzpatrick skin type I/II; of these, 50% had a history of one or more keratinocyte cancers. There was no history of keratinocyte cancers in the HP cohort. Analysis of UVR‐induced mitochondrial DNA damage confirmed that all volunteers had received similar lifetime cumulative doses of sun exposure. Histologically, male AP had a significantly thicker epidermis than did AP females or those of either sex with HP. HP facial skin exhibited severe solar elastosis, whereas in AP facial skin, solar elastosis was apparent only in females. Loss of papillary dermal fibrillin‐rich microfibrils occurred in all HP and AP female subjects, but not in AP males. Furthermore, male AP had a significant reduction in collagen VII at the dermal–epidermal junction than did AP females or those of either sex with HP.ConclusionsThis study provides further evidence that AP and HP represent distinct clinical and histological entities. Knowledge of these two phenotypes is clinically relevant due to the increased prevalence of keratinocyte cancers in those – particularly males – with the AP phenotype.
A simple index predicting 30‐day readmissions in acutely hospitalized patients
Authors: Froom Paul , Shimoni Zvi , Benbassat Jochanan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are various models attempting to predict 30‐day readmissions of acutely admitted internal medicine patients. However, it is uncertain how to create a parsimonious index that has equivalent predictive ability and can be extrapolated to other settings.MethodsWe developed a regression equation to predict 30‐day readmissions from all acute hospitalizations in internal medicine departments in a regional hospital in 2015‐2016 and validated the model in 2019. The independent (predictor) variables were age, past hospitalizations, admission laboratory test results, length of stay in hospital and discharge diagnoses. We compared the predictive value of a logistic regression model and index that included discharge diagnoses and admission laboratory test results with one that included only age, past hospitalizations, and hospital length of stay.ResultsReadmission rates were associated with age, time since last hospitalization, number of previous hospitalizations, and length of stay, as well as with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive lung disease and congestive heart failure and several laboratory data. Logistic regressions of the independent variables for 30‐day readmission rates were similar in 2015‐2016 and 2019. An index was derived from number of previous admissions to hospitals, time since last admission, age, and length of stay. In 2019, for every unit of the index, the odds of readmission increased by 1.33 (95% CI‐ 1.30‐1.37), and ranged from 2.1% to 37.1%. Addition of discharge diagnoses and laboratory variables did not significantly improve the risk differentiation of the index. The c‐statistic for the final parsimonious model was 0.704.ConclusionsAn index derived from the number of previous hospital admissions, days since last admission, age, and length of stay in days differentiated between the risks of readmission within 30 days without the need for discharge diagnosis and laboratory variables.
Drivers of reef fish assemblages in an upwelling region from the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean
Authors: Eisele Marius H. , Madrigal‐Mora Sergio , Espinoza Mario 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReef fish assemblages are exposed to a wide range of anthropogenic threats as well as chronic natural disturbances. In upwelling regions, for example, there is a seasonal influx of cool nutrient‐rich waters that may shape the structure and composition of reef fish assemblages. Given that climate change may disrupt the natural oceanographic processes by altering the frequency and strength of natural disturbances, understanding how fish assemblages respond to upwelling events is essential to effectively manage reef ecosystems under changing ocean conditions. This study used the baited remote underwater video stations (BRUVS) and the traditional underwater visual census (UVC) to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of reef fish assemblages in an upwelling region in the North Pacific of Costa Rica. A total of 183 reef fish species from 60 families were recorded, of which 166 species were detected using BRUVS and 122 using UVC. Only 66% of all species were detected using both methods. This study showed that the upwelling had an important role in shaping reef fish assemblages in this region, but there was also a significant interaction between upwelling and location. In addition, other drivers such as habitat complexity and habitat composition had an effect on reef fish abundances and species. To authors’ knowledge, this is the first study in the Eastern Tropical Pacific that combines BRUVS and UVC to monitor reef fish assemblages in an upwelling region, which provides more detailed information to assess the state of reef ecosystems in response to multiple threats and changing ocean conditions.
An Age‐Friendly Health System
Authors: Lundy Janice , Hayden Deborah , Pyland Stephanie , Berg‐Weger Marla , Malmstrom Theodore K. , Morley John E. 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESTo describe a screening and intervention program for geriatric syndromes instituted at a rural healthcare system that utilizes the 4Ms of an age‐friendly health system, and to provide exercise and cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) as part of an age‐friendly health program.DESIGNRetrospective evaluation of clinical data.SETTINGRural primary healthcare system.PARTICIPANTSOlder adults aged 65 years and older in Perry County, Missouri.MEASUREMENTSScreening for geriatric syndromes was done using the Rapid Geriatric Assessment (RGA), which includes the FRAIL, SARC‐F, Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ), and Rapid Cognitive Screen (RCS). Outcomes for exercise and CST included the Five Times Sit to Stand (FTSS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination (SLUMS), and Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QoL‐AD) measures.RESULTSThe RGA was administered to 1,326 individuals of which 36.5% were frail, 42.1% were sarcopenic, 26.1% were at risk for anorexia, and 20.8% had dementia. Of these receiving exercise therapy, both the FTSS and the TUG were improved at 3 months and 12 to 24 months. In the CST group, SLUMS, QoL‐AD, and CSDD were improved at 7 weeks and 6 to 12 months.CONCLUSIONIt is feasible to introduce a screening program for geriatric syndromes and respond to the results with successful exercise and cognitive stimulation therapy programs.
Thermal structure in subducted units from continental Moho depths in a palaeo subduction zone, the Asemigawa region of the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt, SW Japan
Authors: Kouketsu Yui , Sadamoto Kazushi , Umeda Hayato , Kawahara Hirokazu , Nagaya Takayoshi , Taguchi Tomoki , Mori Hiroshi , Wallis Simon , Enami Masaki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRaman CM geothermometry applied to 126 samples of pelitic schists collected over an area of 11 km × 7 km reveals the thermal structure of the Asemigawa region of the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt, southwest Japan in unprecedented detail. In general, the estimated temperatures gradually increase from south to north in the range of 288–553°C. However, a temperature gap from ~380 to ~440°C is identified near the boundary between the chlorite and garnet zones. This temperature region matches the depth of the continental Moho of the Sanbagawa subduction zone. The temperature gradient in the higher‐temperature domain is higher than that in the lower‐temperature domain, and large‐scale tight folds that affect the thermal structure are developed in the high‐grade units and in the vicinity of the temperature discontinuity. These geological structures probably reflect that the exhumed slab units was dammed at the Moho depth due to the upward movement being impeded by increase in the coupling strength of the overlying rocks associated with exhumation from beneath serpentinite rocks to a shallower domain overlain by crustal rocks. Changes in the coupling strength along the subduction boundary led the strong folding at the higher‐temperature domain and the pre‐formed foliation developed at the Moho depth may have acted as the tectonic boundary, resulting in a temperature discontinuity. These results will contribute to elucidating various geological phenomena occurring in the forearc regions of modern subduction zones.
Trust in K.E. Løgstrup's Lutheran Political Ethics
Authors: Andersen Svend 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the treatment of trust by Danish theologian and philosopher K.E. Løgstrup (1905‐1981). In order to contextualize Løgstrup's position, I first present some significant analyses of trust in philosophy and the social sciences. I then outline the Lutheran character of Løgstrup's political ethics against the background of Luther's view on government. Whereas Luther regards the political order as God‐given, Løgstrup sees basic trust as a given precondition for various kinds of socio‐political trust. He thus represents a Lutheran line of thought that can contribute to contemporary political discourse.
Cyclosporine A plus low‐dose steroid treatment in COVID‐19 improves clinical outcomes in patients with moderate to severe disease: A pilot study
Authors: Gálvez‐Romero J. L. , Palmeros‐Rojas O. , Real‐Ramírez F. A. , Sánchez‐Romero S. , Tome‐Maxil R. , Ramírez‐Sandoval M. P. , Olivos‐Rodríguez R. , Flores‐Encarnación S. E. , Cabrera‐Estrada A. A. , Ávila‐Morales J. , Cortés‐Sánchez V. , Sarmiento‐Padilla G. , Tezmol‐Ramírez S. E. , Aparicio‐Hernández D. , Urbina‐Sánchez M. I. , Gómez‐Pluma M. Á. , Cisneros‐Méndez S. , Rodríguez‐Rivas D. I. , Reyes‐Inurrigarro S. , Cortés‐Díaz G. , Cruz‐Delgado C. , Navarro‐González J. , Deveaux‐Homs J. , Pedraza‐Sánchez S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 pandemic causes high global morbidity and mortality and better medical treatments to reduce mortality are needed.ObjectiveTo determine the added benefit of cyclosporine A (CsA), to low‐dose steroid treatment, in patients with COVID‐19.MethodsOpen‐label, non randomized pilot study of patients with confirmed infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 hospitalized from April to May 2020 at a single centre in Puebla, Mexico. Patients were assigned to receive either steroids or CsA plus steroids. Pneumonia severity was assessed by clinical, laboratory, and lung tomography. The death rate was evaluated at 28 days.ResultsA total of 209 adult patients were studied, 105 received CsA plus steroids (age 55.3 ± 13.3; 69% men), and 104 steroids alone (age 54.06 ± 13.8; 61% men). All patients received clarithromycin, enoxaparin and methylprednisolone or prednisone up to 10 days. Patient's death was associated with hypertension (RR = 3.5) and diabetes (RR = 2.3). Mortality was 22 and 35% for CsA and control groups (P = 0.02), respectively, for all patients, and 24 and 48.5% for patients with moderate to severe disease (P = 0.001). Higher cumulative clinical improvement was seen for the CsA group (Nelson Aalen curve, P = 0.001, log‐rank test) in moderate to severe patients. The Cox proportional hazard analysis showed the highest HR improvement value of 2.15 (1.39–3.34, 95%CI, P = 0.0005) for CsA treatment in moderate to severe patients, and HR = 1.95 (1.35–2.83, 95%CI, P = 0.0003) for all patients.ConclusionCsA used as an adjuvant to steroid treatment for COVID‐19 patients showed to improve outcomes and reduce mortality, mainly in those with moderate to severe disease. Further investigation through controlled clinical trials is warranted.
Parasitism of Solanum torvum by Meloidogyne hapla populations from Japan
Authors: Murata Gaku , Uesugi Kenta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSolanum torvum, a wild Solanum species, is widely used as a rootstock and is known for its resistance to several pathogens and pests including root‐knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne spp.). Virulence to S. torvum was observed in several Meloidogyne species such as M. hapla, but M. hapla populations isolated from Japan have not been tested for parasitism. We performed inoculation assays on S. torvum cultivars and control plants (S. melongena, eggplant; S. lycopersicum, tomato) inoculated with Japanese M. hapla populations, and we then evaluated the host suitability based on the eggmass number. The assays were carried out using nursery plants in small plastic pots. The first assay revealed that S. torvum cultivars that are commercially available in Japan were susceptible to M. hapla. In the second assay, three M. hapla populations obtained from geographically distant areas produced a number of eggmasses on S. torvum roots. The S. torvum cultivars were all resistant to M. incognita, as a control species of Meloidogyne, in both assays. Our examination of the number of eggs per eggmass of M. hapla demonstrated that the values of S. torvum under inoculation of two M. hapla populations were significantly lower than those of S. lycopersicum, implying some difference in the fecundity of M. hapla depending on the host plants. The series of experiments revealed the virulence and reproductivity of Japanese M. hapla populations to S. torvum, posing a potential risk that S. torvum cannot suppress RKN damage in agricultural fields under infestation of such Meloidogyne species.