bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of Alkali Metal Hydroxide Hydrofluxes to the Synthesis of Single‐Crystal Ternary Actinide Oxides
Authors: Thomas Evan L. , Stegman Samantha , Skanthakumar Suntharalingam , Wilson Richard E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHydrofluxes are hydrated salts with melting points well below that of the dehydrated salt and boiling points well above that of water, affording a reaction medium, in which mild temperatures and pressures can be accessed for the synthesis of materials. Herein, the use of alkali metal hydroxide hydrofluxes for the synthesis of single crystal α‐Na2NpO4 is described, and the single crystal X‐ray structure of α‐Na2NpO4, along with its X‐ray absorption spectra and vibrational spectra, is reported. The ability to synthesize complex oxides of the actinides, in particular, transuranium materials, under mild conditions will serve to advance our ability to explore the structure–property relationships of the f elements.
Acrolein and Copper as Competitive Effectors of α‐Synuclein
Authors: Falcone Enrico , Ahmed Ikhlas M. M. , Oliveri Valentina , Bellia Francesco , Vileno Bertrand , El Khoury Youssef , Hellwig Petra , Faller Peter , Vecchio Graziella 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMounting evidence supports the role of amyloidogenesis, oxidative stress, and metal dyshomeostasis in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Parkinson's Disease is characterized by α‐synuclein (αSyn) accumulation and aggregation in brain regions, also promoted by Cu2+. αSyn is modified by reactive carbonyl species, including acrolein (ACR). Notwithstanding these findings, the interplay between ACR, copper, and αSyn has never been investigated. Therefore, we explored more thoroughly the effects of ACR on αSyn using an approach based on LC‐MS/MS analysis. We also evaluated the influence of Cu2+ on the protein carbonylation and how the ACR modification impacts the Cu2+ binding and the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Finally, we investigated the effects of ACR and Cu2+ ions on the αSyn aggregation by dynamic light scattering and fluorescence assays. Cu2+ regioselectively inhibits the modification of His50 by ACR, the carbonylation lowers the affinity of His50 for Cu2+ and ACR inhibits αSyn aggregation both in the presence and in the absence of Cu2+.
Prostate cancer incidence across stage, NCCN risk groups, and age before and after USPSTF Grade D recommendations against prostate‐specific antigen screening in 2012
Authors: Butler Santino S. , Muralidhar Vinayak , Zhao Shuang G. , Sanford Nina N. , Franco Idalid , Fullerton Zoe H. , Chavez Janice , D’Amico Anthony V. , Feng Felix Y. , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Nguyen Paul L. , Mahal Brandon A. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundWe sought to determine the extent to which US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2012 Grade D recommendations against prostate‐specific antigen screening may have impacted recent prostate cancer disease incidence patterns in the United States across stage, National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk groups, and age groups.MethodsSEER*Stat version 8.3.4 was used to calculate annual prostate cancer incidence rates from 2010 to 2015 for men aged ≥50 years according to American Joint Committee on Cancer stage at diagnosis (localized vs metastatic), NCCN risk group (low vs unfavorable [intermediate or high‐risk]), and age group (50‐74 years vs ≥75 years). Age‐adjusted incidences per 100,000 persons with corresponding year‐by‐year incidence ratios (IRs) were calculated using the 2000 US Census population.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2015, the incidence (per 100,000 persons) of localized prostate cancer decreased from 195.4 to 131.9 (Ptrend < .001) and from 189.0 to 123.4 (Ptrend < .001) among men aged 50‐74 and ≥75 years, respectively. The largest relative year‐by‐year decline occurred between 2011 and 2012 in NCCN low‐risk disease (IR, 0.77 [0.75–0.79, P < .0001] and IR 0.68 [0.62–0.74, P < .0001] for men aged 50‐74 and ≥75 years, respectively). From 2010‐2015, the incidence of metastatic disease increased from 6.2 to 7.1 (Ptrend < .001) and from 16.8 to 22.6 (Ptrend < .001) among men aged 50‐74 and ≥75 years, respectively.ConclusionsThis report illustrates recent prostate cancer “reverse migration” away from indolent disease and toward more aggressive disease beginning in 2012. The incidence of localized disease declined across age groups from 2012 to 2015, with the greatest relative declines occurring in low‐risk disease. Additionally, the incidence of distant metastatic disease increased gradually throughout the study period.
An interval support vector domain description based on the dynamic decreasing inertia weight particle swarm optimization
Authors: Guo Chengjun , Chen Yongqi 
Published: December 2019

SummaryFor the fault diagnosis of the interval rotor crack fault samples, this paper proposes an interval support vector domain description method through using the dynamic decreasing inertia weight particle swarm optimization (DDIWPSO). Firstly, the interval Gauss function is constructed by using the interval midpoint and interval radius. Applying the interval Gauss kernel function as the kernel, the interval support vector domain description is proposed and can realize the classification of interval samples. Secondly, the DDIWPSO is applied to select the optimal penalty parameter C, the Gauss interval kernel width parameter σ, and the factor λ of the proposed method. Finally, interval University of California Irvine (UCI) samples and the interval rotor crack data are used to verify the advantages of this method. The experimental verification shows that the interval support vector domain description method has the higher accuracy compared with the traditional interval fault classification methods because this method owns the empirical risk minimization of SVM and the optimal parameters selection based on the DDIWPSO.
Structure and Electron Transport at Metal Atomic Junctions Doped with Dichloroethylene
Authors: Fukuzumi Risa , Kaneko Satoshi , Fujii Shintaro , Nishino Tomoaki , Kiguchi Manabu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe have investigated the structure and electron transport at dichloroethylene‐doped metal atomic junctions at low temperatures (20 K) in ultra‐high vacuum, using Fe, Ni, Pd, Cu, Ag, and Au. The metal atomic junctions were fabricated using the mechanically controllable break junction technique. After introducing the dichloroethylene (DCE), the conductance behavior of Fe, Ni, and Pd junctions was considerably changed, whereas little change was observed for Cu, Ag, and Au. For the Pd and Cu junctions, a clear peak was observed in their conductance histograms, showing that the single‐molecule junction was selectively formed. To investigate the structure of the metal atomic junctions further, their plateau lengths were analyzed. The length analysis revealed that the Au atomic wire was elongated, and the metal atomic wires were formed for the other transition metals: those that do not normally form metal atomic wires without DCE doping, as DCE adsorption stabilized the metal atomic states. There is a strong interaction between DCE and the metals, where DCE supports the formation of the metal atomic wire for Fe, Ni, and Pd.
Electrocatalytic Oxidative Transformation of Organic Acids for Carbon–Heteroatom and Sulfur–Heteroatom Bond Formation
Authors: Li Man , Hong Junting , Xiao Wei , Yang Yang , Qiu Di , Mo Fanyang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe electrolysis of organic acids has garnered increasing attention in recent years. In addition to the famous electrochemical decarboxylation known as Kolbe electrolysis, a number of other electrochemical processes have been recently established that allow for the construction of carbon–heteroatom and sulfur–heteroatom bonds from organic acids. Herein, recent advances in electrochemical C−X and S−X (X=N, O, S, Se) bond‐forming reactions from five classes of organic acids and their conjugate bases, namely, carboxylic, thiocarboxylic, phosphonic, sulfinic, and sulfonic acids, are surveyed.
Engineering Active Fe Sites on Nickel–Iron Layered Double Hydroxide through Component Segregation for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Peng Chunlei , Ran Nian , Wan Gang , Zhao Wanpeng , Kuang Zhaoyu , Lu Zheng , Sun Chengjun , Liu Jianjun , Wang Lianzhou , Chen Hangrong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNickel–iron layered double hydroxide (NiFe LDH) is a promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst under alkaline conditions. Much research has been performed to understand the structure–activity relationship of NiFe LDH under OER conditions. However, the specific role of the Fe species remains unclear and under debate. Herein, based on DFT calculations, it was discovered that the edge Fe sites show higher activity towards OER than either the edge Ni sites or lattice sites. Therefore, a facile acid‐etching method was proposed to controllably induce the formation of edge Fe sites in NiFe LDH, and the obtained sample exhibited higher OER activity. X‐ray absorption near edge structure and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure analyses further revealed that the interaction of the edge Fe species with Ni is believed to contribute to the enhancement of the OER performance. This work provides a new understanding of the structure–activity relationship in NiFe LDH and offers a facile method for the design of efficient electrocatalysts in an alkaline environment.
Energy forecasting using multiheaded convolutional neural networks in efficient renewable energy resources equipped with energy storage system
Authors: Aurangzeb Khursheed , Aslam Sheraz , Haider Syed Irtaza , Mohsin Syed Muhammad , Islam Saif ul , Khattak Hasan Ali , Shah Sajid 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRenewable energy resources (RERs) motivate electricity users to reduce their energy bills by taking benefit of self‐generated green energy. Different studies have already pointed out that, because of the absence of proper technical support and awareness, the energy users were not able to sufficiently take paybacks from the RERs. However, with the commencement of smart grids, the potential benefits of RERs and dynamic pricing schemes can be exploited. Nonetheless, the big issue is the accurate prediction of energy produced by intermittent RERs. In this work, we have proposed an efficient framework by integrating energy storage system (ESS) and RERs with smart homes. This framework has shown significant results, which make it helpful and suitable for energy management at a community level. We applied a multiheaded convolutional neural network model for precise and accurate prediction of produced energy by RERs. Moreover, we have considered a smart community consisting of 80 homes. Simulation results prove that the proposed framework helps to decrease the energy bill of consumers by 58.32% and 63.02% through integration of RERs without and with ESS, respectively.
Thermal behaviour of laminated bamboo structures under fire conditions
Authors: Pope Ian , Hidalgo Juan P. , Osorio Andres , Maluk Cristián , Torero José L. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryA series of experiments have been conducted to measure the in‐depth heating of laminated bamboo samples subjected to heat fluxes of 5, 10, 30, and 60 kW/m2, either perpendicular or parallel to the grain. These heat fluxes were chosen to induce different phenomena within the material—from inert heating to moisture evaporation, pyrolysis, oxidation, and flaming—so that the effects of these can be isolated and evaluated separately by simple heat‐transfer models. Moisture migration along the fibres becomes a critical factor when bamboo is heated parallel to the grain, resulting in increased convective heat transfer to deeper parts of the material and an accumulation of moisture in depth that accentuates the endothermic plateau in the temperature profiles around 100°C. Average charring rates for 60 minutes of exposure under 60 kW/m2 were 0.74 and 0.70 mm/min for perpendicular and parallel heating, respectively. The thickness of the heated layer was much larger for parallel heating due to moisture migration, which is less significant perpendicular to the grain. Inert heat diffusion is a good approximation at heat fluxes of 5 and 10 kW/m2, but exothermic oxidation reactions become critical above 400°C and must be included in future models.
A pragmatic method to compare hospital bed provision between countries and regions: Beds in the States of Australia
Authors: Jones Rodney P. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryA simple method is presented to evaluate bed numbers between countries using a logarithmic relationship between beds per 1000 deaths and deaths per 1000 population, both of which are readily available. The method relies on the importance of the nearness to death effect. This method was tested using data from Australian States. Beds per 1000 deaths varied considerably between States. This variation reduced after adjusting for the ratio of deaths per 1000 population which is a measure of population age structure. After this adjustment, most Australian States roughly approximate to the international average for developed countries while Tasmania was shown to have a chronic bed shortage, as has been recognized for many years. The Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory, both of which have the youngest populations, have more beds relative to the other States. The nearness to death effect must be incorporated into capacity planning models in order to give robust estimates of future bed demand and to evaluate differences between countries and health care systems.
Dynamic relationship between corporate board structure and firm performance: Evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Khan Muhammad T. , Al‐Jabri Qadri M. , Saif Naveed 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCorporate governance is being acknowledged by almost all kinds of business communities and firms as an ultimate driver to improve the firm financial performance. This study examined the association between corporate board structure and corporate financial performance using a dynamic panel model. Principles of corporate governance deliver an explicit board structure for the purpose to facilitate the board members, which helps in making good decisions. The board of directors consists of the CEO, the chairman, the internal directors, and the external non‐executive directors to work for the shareholders. This study undertakes different corporate governance attributes including non‐executive directors, board size, and CEO duality and examines its effect on firm performance. The dynamic panel model is used, and preestimation and postestimation tests were conducted for the validity of the model. This study found a significant effect of board size, CEO duality, and non‐executive directors on firm performance. The findings show that most of the governance variables are endogenous by nature. Results are consistent with agency theory. This study provides the theoretical and empirical evidence and applies a superior model (dynamic panel model) to better explain the association between corporate board structure and corporate firm performance in listed firms.
GATA2 mutations in myeloid malignancies: Two zinc fingers in many pies
Authors: Leubolt Georg , Redondo Monte Enric , Greif Philipp A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe GATA family of transcription factors are zinc finger (ZF) DNA‐binding proteins that regulate transcription during development and cell differentiation. GATA2 plays an essential role in the regulation of hematopoiesis. As a result, mutations in this gene or alterations in its expression level or function have been linked to a variety of human hematologic disorders. In this review, we summarize the findings and developments over the recent years regarding the clinical correlations and functional properties of distinct GATA2 mutations in hematopoietic malignancies, with particular focus on the mutational hotspots in the ZF domains.
Protective Effects of Controlled Mechanical Loading of Bone in C57BL6/J Mice Subject to Disuse
Authors: DeLong Alex , Friedman Michael A , Tucker Scott M , Krause Andrew R , Kunselman Allen , Donahue Henry J , Lewis Gregory S 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTProlonged reduction in weightbearing causes bone loss. Disuse of bone is associated with recovery from common musculoskeletal injury and trauma, bed rest resulting from various medical conditions, and spaceflight. The hindlimb‐suspension rodent model is popular for simulating unloading and disuse. We hypothesized that controlled mechanical loading of the tibia would protect against bone loss occurring from concurrent disuse. Additionally, we hypothesized that areas of high mechanical peak strains (midshaft) would provide more protection than areas of lower strain (distal shaft). Adult C57BL6/J mice were suspended for 3 weeks, with one limb subjected to tibial compression four times per week. μCT imaging was completed at days 0, 11, and 21, in addition to serum analysis. Significant bone loss caused by hindlimb suspension was detected in trabecular bone by day 11 and worsened by day 21 (p < 0.05). Bone loss was also detected in cortical thickness and area fraction by day 21. However, four short bouts per week of compressive loading protected the loaded limb from much of this bone loss. At day 21, we observed a 50% loss in trabecular bone volume/total volume and a 6% loss in midshaft cortical thickness in unloaded limbs, but only 15% and 2% corresponding losses in contralateral loaded limbs (p = 0.001 and p = 0.02). Many bone geometry parameters of the loaded limbs of suspended animals did not significantly differ from non‐suspended control limbs. Conversely, this protective effect of loading was not detected in cortical bone at the lower‐strained distal shaft. Analysis of bone metabolism markers suggested that the benefits of loading occurred through increased formation instead of decreased resorption. This study uniquely isolates the role of externally applied mechanical loading of the mouse tibia, in the absence of muscle stimulation, in protecting bone from concurrent disuse‐related loss, and demonstrates that limited bouts of loading may be highly effective during prolonged disuse. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
From clinical specimens to human cancer preclinical models—a journey the NCI‐cell line database—25 years later
Authors: Mulshine James L. , Ujhazy Peter , Antman Melissa , Burgess Christine M. , Kuzmin Igor , Bunn Paul A. , Johnson Bruce E. , Roth Jack A. , Pass Harvey I. , Ross Sheila M. , Aldige Carolyn R. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Minna John D 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe intramural the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and more recently the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center with many different collaborators comprised a complex, multi‐disciplinary team that collaborated to generated large, comprehensively annotated, cell‐line related research resources which includes associated clinical, and molecular characterization data. This material has been shared in an anonymized fashion to accelerate progress in overcoming lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death across the world. However, this cell line collection also includes a range of other cancers derived from patient‐donated specimens that have been remarkably valuable for other types of cancer and disease research. A comprehensive analysis conducted by the NCI Center for Research Strategy of the 278 cell lines reported in the original Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Supplement, documents that these cell lines and related products have since been used in more than 14 000 grants, and 33 207 published scientific reports. This has resulted in over 1.2 million citations using at least one cell line. Many publications involve the use of more than one cell line, to understand the value of the resource collectively rather than individually; this method has resulted in 2.9 million citations. In addition, these cell lines have been linked to 422 clinical trials and cited by 4700 patents through publications. For lung cancer alone, the cell lines have been used in the research cited in the development of over 70 National Comprehensive Cancer Network clinical guidelines. Finally, it must be underscored again, that patient altruism enabled the availability of this invaluable research resource.
Description of ovary organization and oogenesis in a phreodrilid clitellate
Authors: Świątek Piotr , Pinder Adrian , Gajda Łukasz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhreodrilidae is a small family uniting about 50 species of minute freshwater clitellate annelids inhabiting mainly the Southern hemisphere. Other than the male and spermathecal genitalia, their internal organization is poorly known. Here, we present results of our study of the ovaries and oogenesis in Insulodrilus bifidus, a phreodrilid from Western Australia using light and electron microscopy. The ovaries are paired and located in segment XII. They are inconspicuous and composed of several (10–12) spherical germ‐line cysts loosely interconnected by flattened somatic cells. The cysts usually comprise 32 germ cells and each cell is connected via a cytoplasmic bridge (ring canal) to the central cytoplasmic mass (the cytophore). In ovaries, germ cells in a given cyst develop in full synchrony. However, there is no synchrony among cysts, so there is a developmental gradient of cysts (from oogonial to early meiotic) along the longitudinal ovary axis. Within the cysts that are located in the distal end of the ovary the synchrony is finally lost and interconnected cells diversify into two morphologically distinct categories: an oocyte and 31 nurse cells. Such cysts detach from the ovaries and further development occurs within the body cavity. The oocyte gathers nutrients, mainly in form of yolk spheres, whereas nurse cells grow slightly and do not gather yolk. Organelles such as ribosomes, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum pass freely through the ring canals and are present within the cytophore, which suggests cytoplasmic transfer towards the oocyte. The formation of female germ‐line cysts equipped with cytophore and cells differentiated into oocyte and nurse cells matches the general pattern of oogenesis found in clitellates. In details, the ovary organization and oogenesis found in I. bifidus resembles the situation described in some representatives of Naidinae and Enchytraeidae.
Recovery, Purification, and Reusability of Building Blocks for Solid Phase Synthesis
Authors: Shamout Fadi , Fischer Lukas , Snyder Nicole L. , Hartmann Laura 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSolid phase synthesis (SPS) is well established for the synthesis of biomacromolecules such as peptides, oligonucelotides, and oligosaccharides, and today is also used for the synthesis of synthetic macromolecules and polymers. The key feature of this approach is the stepwise assembly of building blocks on solid support, enabling monodispersity and monomer sequence control. However, in order to achieve such control, a high excess of building blocks is required during the reaction. Herein, the recovery, purification, and reusability of building blocks used in SPS, including representative examples of tailor‐made building blocks, Fmoc‐protected amino acids, and functionalized carbohydrate ligands, are reported for the first time. Results demonstrate the general applicability with recovery in high yields and high purity. Furthermore, the described recovery process can be applied in both manual and automated synthesis using a standard peptide synthesizer. Overall, this process is envisioned to be applicable for a large variety of building blocks used in the SPS of different types of molecules, and to contribute to more resourceful SPS syntheses.