bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic totally extraperitoneal approach (TEA) technique for primary ventral hernia repair
Authors: Li Binggen , Qin Changfu , Bittner Reinhard 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Up to now the totally extraperitoneal (TEP) technique is limited to the treatment of inguinal hernias. Applying this anatomical repair concept to the treatment of other abdominal wall hernias, we developed an endoscopic totally extraperitoneal approach (TEA) to treat primary midline ventral hernias, including umbilical and epigastric hernias, in which for mesh placement, an anatomical space is developed between the peritoneum and the posterior rectus sheath in the ventral part of the abdominal wall (preperitoneal space).

Methods
Between September 2017 and December 2019 according to the selection criterions, 28 consecutive primary midline ventral hernias were repaired using TEA. After extensive endoscopic development of the midline extraperitoneal plane, which was started in the suprasymphysic area, and reduction of the hernia sac, the hernia defect was closed and a large mesh was placed in the preperitoneal position to enforce the anterior abdominal wall.

Results
All operations were successfully performed without conversion to open surgery. The mean operation time was 103.3 min (range 85–145 min). Patient-reported postoperative pain was qualitatively mild with a mean pain visual analogue scale score of 1.9 on postoperative day 1. The average hospital stay was 1.9 days (range 1–3 days). Three patients developed minor complications and were treated with no long-term adverse effects. Readmissions within 30 days or hernia recurrences were not observed with a mean follow-up period of 18 months (range 10–27 months).

Conclusion
In selected cases, TEA is a safe and feasible minimally invasive alternative in treating primary ventral hernias. This technique preserves the anatomical and physiological structure of the abdominal wall and may significantly reduce trauma and postoperative complications. Additionally, anti-adhesion-coated meshes and fixation tackers are not required, thus being cost-effective. Further studies are necessary to proof the true clinical efficacy in comparison to well-known alternative techniques.
Building on adaptive capacity to extreme events in Brazil: water reform, participation, and climate information across four river basins
Authors: Lemos Maria Carmen , Puga Bruno Peregrina , Formiga-Johnsson Rosa Maria , Seigerman Cydney Kate 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBuilding the capacity of water systems to prepare and adapt to climate-driven events has become an important goal for water managers in Brazil. One aspect of building adaptive capacity (AC) is the ability of organizations and actors within these systems to apply techno-scientific knowledge (TSK), in particular, climatic information, to plan and respond to extreme events. However, the way the use of knowledge interacts with theorized determinants of AC, such as stakeholder-driven governance and democratic deliberation, remains relatively unexplored in the empirical literature. In this article, we propose a simple heuristic to understand the relationship between the use of climate knowledge and participatory management and explore it empirically in the context of integrated water resources management (IWRM) in four river basins in Brazil. We find that despite an overall increase in the capacity of the basins studied to manage drought through time, the relationship between use of TSK and participation is not straightforward. Rather, knowledge use to inform decision-making remains mostly insulated, with few groups controlling both the process of producing knowledge and making decisions in times of crisis. Yet, across all cases, the continued exposure of river basin organizations (RBOs) to TSK suggests a growing appreciation for the role of information in supporting action and increased efforts by RBOs to develop their own knowledge resources to become more relevant in the decision-making process.
Moderne Schilddrüsenchirurgie – das endokrin-chirurgische Verständnis des Operateurs und seine Verantwortung für Resektionsausmaß und Komplikationsrate
Authors: Hermann Michael , Gschwandtner Elisabeth , Schneider Max , Handgriff Laura , Prommegger Rupert 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie hohe Qualität der Schilddrüsenchirurgie impliziert ein endokrin-chirurgisches Verständnis des Operateurs mit dem Ziel einer bestmöglichen Ergebnisqualität. Das beinhaltet ein befundadäquates Resektionsausmaß und eine möglichst niedrige Komplikationsrate. Der Chirurg sollte frühzeitig in die Operationsindikation eingebunden sein und auch selbst die Diagnostik, speziell den Schilddrüsen- und Halslymphknotenultraschall, sowie die Interpretation der Schnittbild- und nuklearmedizinischen Verfahren beherrschen. Im Besonderen sollte er über zeitgemäße Radikalitätsprinzipien in der Chirurgie Bescheid wissen.Bei der gutartigen Struma ist eine individualisierte Operationsstrategie anzuwenden: Solitärknoten können auch einer gewebeschonenden Knotenresektion unterzogen werden. Bei multinodulärer Knotenstruma ist nicht zwingend eine totale Thyreoidektomie notwendig, die Vermeidung eines permanenten Hypoparathyreoidismus hat Priorität. Bei Rezidivstrumen ist oft die einseitige Operation des dominanten Befundes zu bevorzugen. Auch besteht zunehmend der Trend, die Indikation zur Entfernung der Schilddrüsenlappen seitengetrennt zu stellen. Die Basedow Struma erfordert eine Thyreoidektomie. Auch die hypertrophe Thyreoiditis Hashimoto kann eine Operationsindikation darstellen.Die Radikalitätsprinzipien bei maligner Struma haben sich ebenfalls deutlich gewandelt als auch die strenge Indikation zur Radiojodtherapie. Das gilt speziell für papilläre Mikrokarzinome und minimal invasive follikuläre Tumortypen. Selbst bei medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinom stehen die Radikalitätsprinzipien im Hinblick auf synchrone oder metachrone laterale Halsdissektion in Diskussion.Der Hypoparathyreoidismus stellt derzeit das Hauptproblem in der radikalen Schilddrüsenchirurgie dar. Recurrensparese und Nachblutung sind durch die subtile Operationstechnik selten geworden. Spezielle extrazervikale Operationszugänge sind nach wie vor in der Erprobungsphase und unter strengen Studienbestimmungen nur Zentren vorbehalten. Die Radiofrequenzablation stellt für gewisse Läsionen wie Zysten und autonome Adenome bei chirurgischer Kontraindikation ein alternatives Ablationsverfahren dar.
Effect of eutrophication and humification on nutrient cycles and transfer efficiency of matter in freshwater food webs
Authors: Karpowicz Maciej , Zieliński Piotr , Grabowska Magdalena , Ejsmont-Karabin Jolanta , Kozłowska Joanna , Feniova Irina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe evaluated how eutrophication and humification impacted nutrient cycles and the efficiency of carbon transfer in the planktonic food webs of 12 lakes in north-eastern Poland that differed in trophic state. Our results indicated that the effectiveness of carbon transfer between phytoplankton and zooplankton varied from 0.0005% to 0.14%, which is much lower than the theoretical 10%. The highest efficiency of carbon transfer occurred in the mesotrophic lakes due to the higher hypolimnetic zooplankton production, while the lowest efficiency was observed in the dystrophic lakes and in one eutrophic lake that was dominated by cyanobacteria. Inedible algae (e.g.Gonyostomum semen) and cyanobacteria appeared to be the main factors reducing the efficiency of the transfer of matter in pelagic food webs. The results of our study showed that plankton communities are a key component of the nutrient cycle in freshwater food webs. Phytoplankton were a very effective nitrogen sink, and in the mesotrophic lakes, up to 99% of the total nitrogen was sequestrated in phytoplankton. As a result, there was a depletion of inorganic nitrogen in the upper water layer. Furthermore, zooplankton were an important phosphorus sink, thus significantly influencing the nutrient cycles.
Making Things Happen (Un)Expectedly: Interactive Effects of Age, Gender, and Motives on Evaluations of Proactive Behavior
Authors: Bohlmann Clarissa , Zacher Hannes 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProactive behavior entails self-starting actions oriented toward change in the future. Other people’s perceptions of an employee’s proactive behavior are likely shaped by personal characteristics of the employee and related expectations. We hypothesized that the intersectionality of age, gender, and two motives (i.e., achievement and benevolence) influences others’ evaluations of proactive behavior. Consistent with the social role theory and the notion of a lack of fit, results of a first experimental vignette methodology study with an employee sample (N = 101; 1818 ratings) showed that proactive behavior was rated as more effective for older men compared to younger men motivated by achievement, whereas proactive behavior was rated as more effective for younger men compared to older men motivated by benevolence. Younger women compared to older women received higher effectiveness ratings for proactive behavior independent of their motive. In a second experimental vignette methodology study with a sample of participants in supervisory roles (N = 164; 1205 ratings), we partially replicated the results of the first study: proactive behavior was rated as more effective for older men compared to younger men motivated by achievement, and proactive behavior was rated as more effective for younger women compared to older women motivated by achievement. In contrast, effectiveness ratings of proactive behavior of younger and older men as well as younger and older women motivated by benevolence did not differ. Overall, by investigating the intersectionality of age, gender, and motives, these findings advance research on influences of person characteristics on others’ evaluations of proactive behavior.
A simple checklist, that is all it takes: a cluster randomized controlled field trial on improving the treatment of suspected terrorists by the police
Authors: Langley Brandon , Ariel Barak , Tankebe Justice , Sutherland Alex , Beale Marcus , Factor Roni , Weinborn Cristobal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesWhen it comes to interviewing suspected terrorists, global evidence points to harsh interrogation procedures, despite the likelihood of false positives. How can the state maintain an effective counterterrorism policy while simultaneously protecting civil rights? Until now, the shroud of secrecy of “national security” practices has thwarted attempts by researchers to test apparatuses that engender fair interrogation procedures. The present study aims to test one approach: the use of a “procedural justice checklist” (PJ Checklist) in interviews of suspected terrorists by counterterrorism police officers in port settings.MethodsUsing a clustered randomized controlled field test in a European democracy, we measure the effect of implementing Procedural Justice (PJ) Checklists in counterterrorism police settings. With 65 teams of officers randomly-assigned into treatment and control conditions, we compare post-interrogation surveys of suspects (n = 1418) on perceptions of legitimacy; obligations to obey the law; willingness to cooperate with the police; effectiveness of counterterrorism measures; distributive justice; feelings of social resistance to the state; and PJ. A series of multi-level linear, logistic, and ordered logit regression models are used to estimate the treatment effect, with Hedges’gand odds ratios used for effect sizes.ResultsWhen compared with control conditions, implementing a policy of PJ Checklist causes statistically significant and large enhancement in all measured dimensions, including the willingness of suspects to obey the law (g = 1.022 [0.905, 1.138]), to cooperate with the police (g = 1.118 [0.999, 1.238]), distributive justice (g = 0.993 [0.880, 1.106]), effectiveness (g = 1.077 [0.959, 1.195]), procedural justice (g = 1.044 [0.930, 1.158]), and feelings of resistance towards the state (g = − 0.370 [− 0.259, − 0.482]).ConclusionsPJ checklists offer a simple, scalable means of improving how state agents interact with terrorism suspects. The police can use what is evidently a cost-effective tool to enhance legitimacy and cooperation with the police, even in a counterterrorism environment.
Gesundheitsförderung durch mehr Wissen im Kinderschutz
Authors: Maier Anna , Fegert Jörg M. , Hoffmann Ulrike 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Prävalenz von Kindesmisshandlung in Deutschland ist anhaltend hoch und eine der Hauptursachen für gesundheitliche Ungleichheit. Gesundheitsfachkräfte sind wichtige Akteure beim Erkennen von und Umgang mit Kindesmisshandlung, daher ist eine umfassende Fortbildung zum Thema bedeutsam. Der Online-Kurs „Kinderschutz in der Medizin“ wurde positiv evaluiert, es wurde aber deutlich, dass viele Teilnehmende den Kurs aus zeitlichen Gründen nicht abschließen konnten. Um trotzdem möglichst viele Gesundheitsfachkräfte zum Thema Kinderschutz fortzubilden, wurden zusätzlich Materialien zur Dissemination der bedeutendsten Inhalte des Kurses entwickelt.FragestellungDiese Arbeit stellt die Evaluation der Disseminationsmaterialien vor und zeigt weitere Schritte in diese Richtung auf.Material und MethodenDie Disseminationsmaterialien stehen allen Absolvent*innen des Online-Kurses zur Verfügung. Zu allen Materialien gibt es eine methodische Anleitung, um die Durchführung einfach zu gestalten. Anschließend können die Materialien online evaluiert werden.ErgebnisseDie Disseminationsmaterialien haben 55 der 1305 Absolvent*innen als Multiplikator*innen genutzt und evaluiert. Es zeigt sich eine hohe Zufriedenheit mit den Materialien über alle Berufsgruppen hinweg. Es konnten theoretische, aber auch praktische Kenntnisse im Kinderschutz vermittelt werden. Ein Großteil gab zudem an, dass ohne die Materialien keine Disseminationsmaßnahme stattgefunden hätte.DiskussionKünftig sollen noch mehr Absolvent*innen motiviert werden die Materialien zu nutzen und zu evaluieren. Der Online-Kurs kann somit als Multiplikator*innenschulung dienen und bei der Umsetzung von Inhouse-Fortbildung unterstützen. Somit kann Wissen zu Kinderschutz in der Medizin breit disseminiert werden.
Prediction of numbers of the accumulative confirmed patients (NACP) and the plateau phase of 2019-nCoV in China
Authors: Pei Lijun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the present study, I propose a novel fitting method to describe the outbreak of 2019-nCoV in China. The fitted data were selected carefully from the non-Hubei part and Hubei Province of China respectively. For the non-Hubei part, the time period of data collection corresponds from the beginning of the policy of isolation to present day. But for Hubei Province, the subjects of Wuhan City and Hubei Province were included from the time of admission to the Huoshenshan Hospital to present day in order to ensure that all or the majority of the confirmed and suspected patients were collected for diagnosis and treatment. The employed basic functions for fitting are the hyperbolic tangent functions$$\tanh (.)$$tanh(.)since in these cases the 2019-nCoV is just an epidemic. Subsequently, the 2019-nCoV will initially expand rapidly and tend to disappear. Therefore, the numbers of the accumulative confirmed patients in different cities, provinces and geographical regions will initially increase rapidly and subsequently stabilize to a plateau phase. The selection of the basic functions for fitting is crucial. In the present study, I found that the hyperbolic tangent functions$$\tanh (.)$$tanh(.)could satisfy the aforementioned properties. By this novel method, I can obtain two significant results. They base on the conditions that the rigorous isolation policy is executed continually. Initially, I can predict the numbers very accurately of the cumulative confirmed patients in different cities, provinces and parts in China, notably, in Wuhan City with the smallest relative error estimated to$$0.021\%$$0.021%, in Hubei Province with the smallest relative error estimated to$$0.012\%$$0.012%and in the non-Hubei part of China with the smallest relative error of$$-$$- 0.195% in the short-term period of infection. In addition, perhaps I can predict the times when the plateau phases will occur respectively in different regions in the long-term period of infection. Generally for the non-Hubei part of China, the plateau phase of the outbreak of the 2019-nCoV will be expected this March or at the end of this February. In the non-Hubei region of China it is expected that the epidemic will cease on the 30th of March 2020 and following this date no new confirmed patient will be expected. The predictions of the time of Inflection Points and maximum NACP for some important regions may be also obtained. A specific plan for the prevention measures of the 2019-nCoV outbreak must be implemented. This will involve the present returning to work and resuming production in China. Based on the presented results, I suggest that the rigorous isolation policy by the government should be executed regularly during daily life and work duties. Moreover, as many as possible the confirmed and suspected cases should be collected to diagnose or treat.
The Light Ray Transform in Stationary and Static Lorentzian Geometries
Authors: Feizmohammadi Ali , Ilmavirta Joonas , Oksanen Lauri 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGiven a Lorentzian manifold, the light ray transform of a function is its integrals along null geodesics. This paper is concerned with the injectivity of the light ray transform on functions and tensors, up to the natural gauge for the problem. First, we study the injectivity of the light ray transform of a scalar function on a globally hyperbolic stationary Lorentzian manifold and prove injectivity holds if either a convex foliation condition is satisfied on a Cauchy surface on the manifold or the manifold is real analytic and null geodesics do not have cut points. Next, we consider the light ray transform on tensor fields of arbitrary rank in the more restrictive class of static Lorentzian manifolds and show that if the geodesic ray transform on tensors defined on the spatial part of the manifold is injective up to the natural gauge, then the light ray transform on tensors is also injective up to its natural gauge. Finally, we provide applications of our results to some inverse problems about recovery of coefficients for hyperbolic partial differential equations from boundary data.
Investigation of Visual System Involvement in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 14
Authors: Ihl Thomas , Kadas Ella M. , Oberwahrenbrock Timm , Endres Matthias , Klockgether Thomas , Schroeter Jan , Brandt Alexander U. , Paul Friedemann , Minnerop Martina , Doss Sarah , Schmitz-Hübsch Tanja , Zimmermann Hanna G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia type 14 (SCA-PRKCG, formerly SCA14) is a rare, slowly progressive disorder caused by conventional mutations in protein kinase Cγ (PKCγ). The disease usually manifests with ataxia, but previous reports suggested PRKCG variants in retinal pathology. To systematically investigate for the first time visual function and retinal morphology in patients with SCA-PRKCG. Seventeen patients with PRKCG variants and 17 healthy controls were prospectively recruited, of which 12 genetically confirmed SCA-PRKCG patients and 14 matched controls were analyzed. We enquired a structured history for visual symptoms. Vision-related quality of life was obtained with the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) including the Neuro-Ophthalmic Supplement (NOS). Participants underwent testing of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual fields, and retinal morphology with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Measurements of the SCA-PRKCG group were analyzed for their association with clinical parameters (ataxia rating and disease duration). SCA-PRKCG patients rate their vision-related quality of life in NEI-VFQ significantly worse than controls. Furthermore, binocular visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were worse in SCA-PRKCG patients compared with controls. Despite this, none of the OCT measurements differed between groups. NEI-VFQ and NOS composite scores were related to ataxia severity. Additionally, we describe one patient with a genetic variant of uncertain significance in the catalytic domain of PKCγ who, unlike all confirmed SCA-PRKCG, presented with a clinically silent epitheliopathy. SCA-PRKCG patients had reduced binocular vision and vision-related quality of life. Since no structural retinal damage was found, the pathomechanism of these findings remains unclear.
Thiel’s embalming method with additional intra-cerebral ventricular formalin injection (TEIF) for cadaver training of head and brain surgery
Authors: Miyake Shigeta , Suenaga Jun , Miyazaki Ryohei , Sasame Jo , Akimoto Taisuke , Tanaka Takahiro , Ohtake Makoto , Takase Hajime , Tateishi Kensuke , Shimizu Nobuyuki , Murata Hidetoshi , Funakoshi Kengo , Yamamoto Tetsuya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThiel’s embalming method provides natural coloration, flexibility, and tissue plasticity, and is used widely to prepare specimens for cadaver surgical training. However, this method causes brain softening, thereby restricting the cadaver surgical training of intra-cranial procedures. In this study, three cadavers were embalmed using formalin fixation, Thiel’s embalming method, and Thiel’s embalming method with additional intra-cerebral ventricular formalin injection, respectively. We also established rat models of the three embalming methods to develop and determine the best method for retaining adequate brain elasticity. The intra-ventricular formalin injection in the cadaver was performed through the Kocher’s point, as in the classical external ventricular drain procedure. Both, the cadaver brains and rat models yielded consistent shear wave measurements and brain surface stiffness data. Notably, the Thiel’s embalming method with additional intra-cerebral ventricular formalin injection yielded suitable elasticity for brain cadaver surgical training in terms of brain mobilization and surgical field deployment, and also discharged formaldehyde in undetectable quantities. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which a fixed quality, namely, brain elasticity for the performance of head and brain cadaver surgical training, has been evaluated in a cadaver subjected to the Thiel’s embalming method with immersion fixation in the cerebrospinal fluid space. We conclude that the Thiel’s embalming method with additional intra-cerebral ventricular formalin injection can maintain the brain elasticity, and may therefore improve the quality of head and brain cadaver surgical training safely and easily.
Winter-hardy vs. freeze-killed cover crop mixtures before maize in an organic farming system with reduced soil cultivation
Authors: Gollner Gabriele , Fohrafellner Julia , Friedel Juergen Kurt 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe advantages and disadvantages of a winter-hardy vs. a freeze-killed cover crop mixture combined with reduced soil cultivation to a following maize crop were studied on an organic farm in Lower Austria in two consecutive experiments. Effects on soil inorganic nitrogen contents, weed density and the yield of a following maize crop were assessed. The winter-hardy compared with freeze-killed cover crop mixture, both consisting of legumes and non-legumes, reduced soil inorganic nitrogen contents over winter, leading to a reduced nitrate leaching risk, whereas the yield of a following grain maize crop was not significantly affected. Weed density was high in both cover crop treatments, presumably due to the continued reduced, non-inverting soil cultivation on the farm, and higher in the winter-hardy cover crop treatment at one of the assessment dates. Combined with an adapted soil cultivation, both the winter-hardy and the freeze-killed cover crop mixture were suitable before grain maize in this organic farming system with non-inverting soil cultivation under moderately dry site conditions, but the winter-hardy cover crop mixture seems advantageous because it reduces the nitrate leaching risk.