bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additive effects of metal excess and superoxide, a highly toxic mixture in bacteria
Authors: Steunou Anne Soisig , Babot Marion , Bourbon Marie‐Line , Tambosi Reem , Durand Anne , Liotenberg Sylviane , Krieger‐Liszkay Anja , Yamaichi Yoshiharu , Ouchane Soufian 
Published: June 2020

SummaryHeavy metal contamination is a serious environmental problem. Understanding the toxicity mechanisms may allow to lower concentration of metals in the metal‐based antimicrobial treatments of crops, and reduce metal content in soil and groundwater. Here, we investigate the interplay between metal efflux systems and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the purple bacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosus and other bacteria through analysis of the impact of metal accumulation. Exposure of the Cd2+‐efflux mutant ΔcadA to Cd2+ caused an increase in the amount and activity of the cytosolic Fe‐Sod SodB, thereby suggesting a role of SodB in the protection against Cd2+. In support of this conclusion, inactivation of sodB gene in the ΔcadA cells alleviated detoxification of superoxide and enhanced Cd2+ toxicity. Similar findings were described in the Cu+‐efflux mutant with Cu+. Induction of the Mn‐Sod or Fe‐Sod in response to metals in other bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Vibrio cholera and Bacillus subtilis, was also shown. Both excess Cd2+ or Cu+ and superoxide can damage [4Fe‐4S] clusters. The additive effect of metal and superoxide on the [4Fe‐4S] could therefore explain the hypersensitive phenotype in mutants lacking SOD and the efflux ATPase. These findings underscore that ROS defence system becomes decisive for bacterial survival under metal excess.
Finding the body mass index cutoff for hospital readmission after ambulatory hernia surgery
Authors: Rosero Eric B. , Joshi Girish P. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThe suitability of ambulatory surgery in obese patients remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the “cutoff” value of body mass index (BMI) associated with increased likelihood of hospital readmissions within the first 24 hours of surgery in patients undergoing ambulatory hernia repair.Materials and MethodsThe study used data from the 2012‐2016 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement (ACS‐NSQIP). Cochran Armitage trend tests were conducted to assess progression in rates hospital readmissions across categories of patient BMI. The minimum p‐value method, Kolmogorov‐Smirnov goodness of fit tests, logistic regression, and receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to investigate the cutoff of patient BMI indicative of increased likelihood of readmissions.ResultsA total of 214,125 ambulatory hernia repair cases were identified. Of those, 908 patients (0.42%) had an unexpected hospital admission within the first 24 hours after surgery. The readmission rates did not significantly increase across the categories of BMI. However, some of the reasons for readmission significantly differed by BMI category. Logistic regression analysis revealed no statistically significant association between BMI and hospital readmissions (odds ratio [95% Cl], 0.96 [0.91‐1.02] P = .179). An optimal BMI threshold predictive of an increased likelihood of hospital readmissions was not identifiable by any of the statistical methods used.ConclusionsAlthough reasons for readmission differed by BMI category, there is no clear cutoff value of BMI associated with increased hospital readmission within the first 24 hours after surgery.
Individual variation of the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor ACE2 gene expression and regulation
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Jiang Quanlong , Xia Xian , Liu Kangping , Yu Zhengqing , Tao Wanyu , Gong Wenxuan , Han Jing‐Dong J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 coronavirus is now spreading worldwide. Its pathogen, SARS‐CoV‐2, has been shown to use angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its host cell receptor, same as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in 2003. Epidemiology studies found males although only slightly more likely to be infected than females account for the majority of the severely ill and fatality, which also bias for people older than 60 years or with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Here by analyzing GTEx and other public data in 30 tissues across thousands of individuals, we found a significantly higher level in Asian females, an age‐dependent decrease in all ethnic groups, and a highly significant decrease in type II diabetic patients of ACE2 expression. Consistently, the most significant expression quantitative loci (eQTLs) contributing to high ACE2 expression are close to 100% in East Asians, >30% higher than other ethnic groups. A shockingly common enrichment of viral infection pathways was found among ACE2 anti‐expressed genes, and multiple binding sites of virus infection related transcription factors and sex hormone receptors locate at ACE2 regulatory regions. Human and mice data analysis further revealed ACE2 expression is reduced in T2D patients and with inflammatory cytokine treatment and upregulated by estrogen and androgen (both decrease with age). Our findings revealed a negative correlation between ACE2 expression and COVID‐19 fatality at both population and molecular levels. These results will be instrumental when designing potential prevention and treatment strategies for ACE2 binding coronaviruses in general.
Are Friday announcements special in a continuous disclosure environment?
Authors: Chapple Larelle , Duong Lien , Truong Thu Phuong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe re‐test the intuition that investors and traders could be preoccupied with the upcoming weekend and pay less attention to Friday corporate announcements in the continuous disclosure environment of Australia. The market reaction to Friday announcements in the US, except for earnings announcements, disappears after correcting for selection bias. However, there is no evidence of investor inattention to Friday announcements in Australia, indicating that a continuous disclosure environment improves disclosure timeliness and market efficiency. The investor attention theory is significantly challenged in a unique natural setting where the potential selection bias to delay material information release to Fridays is eliminated.
Effects of 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation in maternal diets on reproductive performance and the expression of genes that regulate lactation in sows
Authors: Wang Kai , Chen Yun , Zhang DeLong , Wang RongGen , Zhao ZhiHong , Feng MeiYing , Wei HengXi , Li Li , Zhang Shouquan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOne hundred Yorkshire × Landrace sows were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments (diet ND: 6,000 IU vitamin D3/d feed; diet 25‐D: 200 μg/day 25OHD3 feed). The experiment began on d 90 of gestation and continued until weaning on day 21 of lactation. In sows that received 25OHD3, the growth rate of the piglets before weaning was significantly accelerated (0.266 kg/day, p < .05). Sow serum was collected after weaning, and those in the 25OHD3 group were found to have significantly higher serum calcium (CA) and phosphorus (PI) levels (p < .05). Interestingly, the oestrus cycle of sows fed 25OHD3 was significantly shortened (p < .05), the oestrus time was concentrated on the fifth day after weaning, and the piglets were born with a higher degree of uniformity (p < .05). Colostrum was collected on the day of delivery, and the colostrum of sows fed 25OHD3 contained higher milk fat content than the control group (p < .05). 25OHD3 supplementation increased the mRNA and protein expression of INSIG1 and SREBP1, which regulate milk fat synthesis, in the mammary gland of lactating sows (p < .05). In conclusion, 25OHD3 supplementation in maternal diets improved reproductive performance, milk fat content and the mRNA and protein levels of genes regulating milk fat synthesis in lactating sows.
Ensiling of total mixed ration containing persimmon peel: Evaluation of chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation profiles
Authors: Fitri Ainissya , Obitsu Taketo , Sugino Toshihisa , Jayanegara Anuraga 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe effects of inclusion of persimmon peel (PP) in total mixed ration (TMR) silage on its nutrient composition, tannin content, and in vitro ruminal fermentation were studied. Four types of TMR silages containing 0, 50, 100, and 150 g/kg of PP on a dry matter basis were prepared. The dietary contents of non‐fiber carbohydrate (NFC) decreased, while soluble protein fraction increased after ensiling of the TMR. In the TMR silages, the content of insoluble tannin increased (p < .05) with increasing PP level. The fraction of soluble protein decreased linearly (p < .01), while that of neutral detergent insoluble protein increased linearly (p < .01) with increasing the PP level in the TMR silages. The total gas and methane yields from the in vitro rumen fermentation of the TMR silages were lower (p < .01) than those of pre‐ensiled TMR and declined linearly (p < .01) with increasing PP level. These results indicate that adding PP to TMR silage may resist the breakdown of dietary protein during the ensiling process, although the ruminal fermentability of TMR possibly decreased after ensiling due to the loss of NFC.
Model informed dosing of hydroxycholoroquine in COVID‐19 patients: Learnings from the recent experience, remaining uncertainties and gaps
Authors: Thémans Pauline , Dauby Nicolas , Schrooyen Loïc , Lebout Faustine , Delforge Marc , Nasreddine Rakan , Libois Agnès , Payen Marie‐Christine , Konopnicki Déborah , Wuillaume Francoise , Lescrainier Cecile , Verlinden Veerle , Dogné Jean‐Michel , Hamdani Jamila , Musuamba Flora T. 
Published: June 2020

AimsIn the absence of a commonly agreed dosing protocol based on pharmacokinetic (PK) considerations, the dose and treatment duration for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in COVID‐19 disease currently vary across national guidelines and clinical study protocols. We have used a model‐based approach to explore the relative impact of alternative dosing regimens proposed in different dosing protocols for hydroxychloroquine in COVID‐19.MethodsWe compared different PK exposures using Monte Carlo simulations based on a previously published population pharmacokinetic model in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, externally validated using both independent data in lupus erythematous patients and recent data in French COVID‐19 patients. Clinical efficacy and safety information from COVID‐19 patients treated with HCQ were used to contextualize and assess the actual clinical value of the model predictions.ResultsLiterature and observed clinical data confirm the variability in clinical responses in COVID‐19 when treated with the same fixed doses. Confounding factors were identified that should be taken into account for dose recommendation. For 80% of patients, doses higher than 800 mg day on day 1 followed by 600 mg daily on following days might not be needed for being cured. Limited adverse drug reactions have been reported so far for this dosing regimen, most often confounded by co‐medications, comorbidities or underlying COVID‐19 disease effects.ConclusionOur results were clear, indicating the unmet need for characterization of target PK exposures to inform HCQ dosing optimization in COVID‐19. Dosing optimization for HCQ in COVID‐19 is still an unmet need. Efforts in this sense are a prerequisite for best benefit/risk balance.
Prostate‐specific membrane antigen theranostics in advanced prostate cancer: an evolving option
Authors: Mayor Nikhil , Sathianathen Niranjan J. , Buteau James , Koschel Samantha , Antón Juanilla Marta , Kapoor Jada , Azad Arun , Hofman Michael S. , Murphy Declan G. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo review current data for the role of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy (RLT) for patients with advanced prostate cancer. This review provides an update for multidisciplinary teams on the current and potential future applications of theranostics in prostate cancer.MethodsNarrative review focussing on PSMA as a target for RLT, and data usingResultsRLT with PSMA is an exciting therapeutic alternative to the existing management options already in use for patients with metastatic castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). To date, most evidence exists regarding small‐molecule PSMA inhibitors bound to beta‐emitting radioisotopes such as 177Lu (Lu‐PSMA). Prospective phase II data supports the safety and efficacy of Lu‐PSMA in men with heavily pre‐treated progressive mCRPC, and several late‐phase randomised trials of Lu‐PSMA are underway, with many more in the pipeline. Early results are encouraging, indicating that the theranostic approach may play a vital role in management of advanced prostate cancer and perhaps even in much earlier disease states.ConclusionsPSMA RLT is a promising new treatment option for men with mCPRC, and may also have utility in less advanced prostate cancer.
Bridging the academic‐policy gap in Canadian defence: What more can be done?
Authors: Juneau Thomas , Lagassé Philippe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article assesses the academia‐policy gap in Canadian defence. The field of Canadian defence studies is inherently interested in the work of defence practitioners, and the Department of National Defence has had an ongoing interest in supporting academic defence expertise. A gap nonetheless persists between the two communities, owing to their different cultures, approaches, and objectives. Drawing on personal experiences as members of both the academic and policy worlds and on findings from semi‐structured interviews with serving and retired defence officials, the article examines the nature of academia‐policy gap in Canadian defence, the factors that make the gap persist, and what measures can help bridge the gap.
A review of factors to consider when using camera traps to study animal behavior to inform wildlife ecology and conservation
Authors: Caravaggi Anthony , Burton A. Cole , Clark Douglas A. , Fisher Jason T. , Grass Amelia , Green Sian , Hobaiter Catherine , Hofmeester Tim R. , Kalan Ammie K. , Rabaiotti Daniella , Rivet Danielle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCamera traps (CTs) are an increasingly popular method of studying animal behavior. However, the impact of cameras on detected individuals—such as from mechanical noise, odor, and emitted light—has received relatively little attention. These impacts are particularly important in behavioral studies in conservation that seek to ascribe changes in behavior to relevant environmental factors. In this article, we discuss three sources of bias that are relevant to conservation behavior studies using CTs: (a) disturbance caused by cameras; (b) variation in animal‐detection parameters across camera models; and (c) biased detection across individuals and age, sex, and behavioral classes. We propose several recommendations aimed at mitigating responses to CTs by wildlife. Our recommendations offer a platform for the development of more rigorous and robust behavioral studies using CT technology and, if adopted, would result in greater applied benefits for conservation and management.
Tracing open data in emergencies: The case of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Gkiouras Konstantinos , Nigdelis Meletios P. , Grammatikopoulou Maria G. , Goulis Dimitrios G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic constitutes an ongoing, burning Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). In 2015, the World Health Organization adopted an open data policy recommendation in such situations.ObjectivesThe present cross‐sectional meta‐research study aimed to assess the availability of open data and metrics of articles pertaining to the COVID‐19 outbreak in five high‐impact journals.MethodsAll articles regarding the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), published in five high‐impact journals (Ann Intern Med,BMJ,JAMA,NEJMandLancet) until March 14, 2020 were retrieved. Metadata (namely the type of article, number of authors, number of patients, citations, errata, news and social media mentions) were extracted for each article in each journal in a systematic way. Google Scholar and Scopus were used for citations and author metrics respectively, and Altmetrics and PlumX were used for news and social media mentions retrieval. The degree of adherence to the PHEIC open data call was also evaluated.ResultsA total of 140 articles were published until March 14, 2020, mostly opinion papers. Sixteen errata followed these publications. The number of authors in each article ranged from 1 to 63, whereas the number of patients with a laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection reached 2645. Extensive hyperauthorship was evident among case studies. The impact of these publications reached a total of 4210 cumulative crude citations and 342 790 news and social media mentions. Only one publication (0.7%) provided complete open data, while 32 (22.9%) included patient data.ConclusionsEven though a large number of manuscripts was produced since the pandemic, availability of open data remains restricted.
Unstructured Gridding for MODFLOW from Prior Groundwater Flow Models: A New Paradigm
Authors: Sbai M. Adil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis work introduces a new unstructured gridding approach relying on feedback from a previous groundwater flow model. All cells in a relatively coarse model using a rectilinear grid are recursively subdivided following a cell wise specific discharge‐based indicator to generate quadtree, octree or Voronoï grids. This technique leverages the full potential of the latest MODFLOW engines. The suitability of this approach is demonstrated on challenging single and multilayered heterogeneous formations. The proposed method is straightforward to implement in existing software packages. It supports iterative updating of groundwater flow models from the legacy rectilinear to unstructured grids.
Therapeutic efficacy of lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal hypertension
Authors: Maesaka Kazuki , Sakamori Ryotaro , Yamada Ryoko , Urabe Ayako , Tahata Yuki , Oshita Masahide , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi , Mita Eiji , Hagiwara Hideki , Tamura Shinji , Ito Toshifumi , Yakushijin Takayuki , Iio Sadaharu , Kodama Takahiro , Hikita Hayato , Tatsumi Tomohide , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: June 2020

AimPreserved liver function may be an important factor affecting therapeutic efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with lenvatinib, but not all patients can be treated while preserving liver function. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of lenvatinib in patients with poor liver function with and without portal hypertension.MethodsThis prospectively registered multicenter study analyzed 93 patients treated with lenvatinib. Progression‐free survival was compared between patients with and without advanced portal hypertension according to baseline liver function. Advanced portal hypertension was defined as having both splenomegaly and any portosystemic collaterals.ResultsA total of 37 patients (40.7%) had advanced portal hypertension. Progression‐free survival did not differ between patients with and without advanced portal hypertension in the entire cohort (median 7.6 vs. 4.1 months, respectively; P = 0.148), but was significantly longer in patients with advanced portal hypertension than in those without advanced portal hypertension in the albumin‐bilirubin grade 2 or 3 group (median 7.6 vs. 2.1 months, respectively; P = 0.016). In a multivariate analysis, the presence of advanced portal hypertension was identified as the only significant predictor associated with prolonged progression‐free survival in the albumin‐bilirubin grade 2 or 3 group.ConclusionsAdvanced portal hypertension was associated with the therapeutic efficacy of lenvatinib in controlling the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with poor liver function.
Malignant tumours of the uterus and ovaries with Mullerian and germ cell or trophoblastic components have a somatic origin and are characterised by genomic instability
Authors: Acosta Andres M , Sholl Lynette M , Cin Paola D , Howitt Brooke E , Otis Christopher N , Nucci Marisa R 
Published: June 2020

AimsTumours of the female genital tract with a combination of malignant Mullerian and germ cell or trophoblastic tumour (MMGC/T) components are usually diagnosed in postmenopausal women, and pursue an aggressive clinical course characterised by poor response to therapy and early relapses. These clinical features suggest that MMGC/T are somatic in origin, but objective molecular data to support this interpretation are lacking. This study evaluates the molecular features of nine MMGC/T, including seven tumours containing yolk sac tumour (YST), one tumour containing choriocarcinoma and one tumour containing epithelioid trophoblastic tumour. The objectives were to: (i) investigate whether MMGC/T show a distinct genetic profile and (ii) explore the relationship between the different histological components.Methods and resultsNext‐generation sequencing of paired samples demonstrated that the mutational profile of the Mullerian and non‐Mullerian components of the tumour were almost identical in all cases. Moreover, the driver mutations identified were those expected in the specific subtype of Mullerian component present in each case. In contrast, variants expected in postpubertal germ cell tumours and gestational trophoblastic tumours were not identified, and FISH for i(12p) was negative in all cases tested. In this study, mismatch repair‐proficient MMGC/T (eight of nine) were characterised by a complex copy‐number variant profile, including numerous focal, regional, arm‐level and chromosome‐level events.ConclusionsComparison of paired samples supports that the YST and trophoblastic tumour components of MMGC/T have a somatic origin and often show numerous copy‐number variants, suggestive of underlying genomic instability.
Cost comparison of five Australasian obesity prevention interventions for children aged from birth to two years
Authors: Brown Vicki , Tan Eng J. , Hayes Alison , Baur Louise , Campbell Karen , Taylor Rachael , Byrne Rebecca , Wen Li Ming , Hesketh Kylie D. , Moodie Marjory 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundIn the absence of rigorous evidence of cost‐effectiveness for early childhood obesity prevention interventions, the next‐best option may be for decision‐makers to consider the relevant costs of interventions when allocating resources.ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate systematically the cost of five obesity prevention interventions in children aged 0‐2 years, undertaken in research settings in Australia and New Zealand.MethodsA standardised costing protocol informed the costing methodology, ensuring comparability of results across interventions. Micro‐costing was undertaken, with intervention costs defined from the funder perspective and valued in 2018 Australian dollars using unit costs from the trials or market rates.ResultsInterventions varied widely in their resource use. The total cost per participant ranged from $80 for the CHAT SMS intervention arm (95% UI $77‐$82) to $1135 for the Healthy Beginnings intervention (95% UI $1059‐$1189). Time costs of personnel delivering interventions contributed >50% of total intervention costs for all included studies.ConclusionsAn understanding of the costs associated with intervention delivery modes is important, alongside effectiveness. Telephone delivery may include unexpected costs associated with connection to intervention participants at convenient times. A SMS‐based intervention had the lowest delivery cost in this study.