bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does domestic violence during pregnancy influence the beginning of complementary feeding?
Authors: Caprara Gabriele Luiza , Bernardi Juliana Rombaldi , Bosa Vera Lúcia , da Silva Clécio Homrich , Goldani Marcelo Zubaran 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigate the influence of domestic violence against pregnant women on early complementary feeding and associated factors.MethodsA longitudinal observational study was conducted with a convenience sample recruited from three public hospitals in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data on maternal age, education, marital status, breastfeeding, introduction of complementary feeding and domestic violence during pregnancy were investigated at four follow-ups points. Data on domestic violence was collected through a self-report questionnaire based on the Abuse Assessment Screen. The early introduction of complementary feeding, characterized as occurring before or at 3 months of life, was verified through a questionnaire prepared by the research group. Data analysis involved Student’st-test, the chi-square test and Cox regression and was carried out in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program. The significance level was set at 5%.ResultsA total of 232 mother-infant pairs participated in the analyses, and 15.1% of the mothers reported suffering some form of violence. Domestic violence was directly associated with maternal education, marital status, and health status during pregnancy. Domestic violence was not associated with maternal age or breastfeeding at 3 months after delivery. In the univariate analysis, domestic violence during pregnancy was associated with early complementary feeding (RR = 1.74; CI: 1.01–2.98). This effect disappeared after the model was adjusted in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThere was no relationship between domestic violence during pregnancy and early complementary feeding.
Clinical impact of PSMA PET/CT in primary prostate cancer compared to conventional nodal and distant staging: a retrospective single center study
Authors: Donswijk Maarten L. , van Leeuwen Pim J. , Vegt Erik , Cheung Zing , Heijmink Stijn W. T. P. J. , van der Poel Henk G. , Stokkel Marcel P. M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the impact of Gallium-68 [68Ga] labeled prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)/X-ray computed tomography (CT) compared with conventional imaging on staging and clinical management of men evaluated for primary prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods
Men with newly diagnosed biopsy-proven PCa who had been staged with a conventional staging protocol including bone scintigraphy (BS) and additionally underwent [68Ga]PSMA PET/CT, were evaluated retrospectively. Imaging findings from BS, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or CT were categorized regarding locoregional nodal (N) and distant metastasis (M) status as negative, positive or equivocal before and after addition of the information of PET/CT. Also, the imaging-based level of confidence (LoC) in correct assessment of N and M status was scored. Impact of PET/CT on clinical management was evaluated by the percentage of treatment category changes after PET/CT as determined in the multidisciplinary tumour board.

Results
Sixty-four men with intermediate and high-risk PCa were evaluated. With additional information of PET/CT, N status was upstaged in 23%, and downstaged in 9%. M status was upstaged in 13%, and downstaged in 23%. A net increase in LoC of 20% was noted, mainly regarding M status.
Treatment category changed from palliative to curative in 9%, and from curative to palliative in 3%. An undecided treatment plan changed to curative in 14%, as well as to palliative in another 9%. In total, a 36% treatment category change was noted.
High negative predictive value of PET/CT for M status was indicated by 27 patients that underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and reached postoperative biochemical disease-free status or had a likely other site of disease recurrence.

Conclusions
PSMA PET/CT can cause considerable changes in N and M staging, as well as in management compared to conventional staging. Findings of this study support the replacement of BS and CT by PSMA PET/CT in staging primary PCa.
Clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer: real-world data in Korea
Authors: Kim Hyera , Kwon Minsuk , Kim Binnari , Jung Hyun Ae , Sun Jong-Mu , Lee Se-Hoon , Park Keunchil , Ahn Myung-Ju 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Anti-PD1 inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (HNC), as a result of Global Phase III trials. However, the clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients who are not eligible for clinical trials or have various medical conditions have not been fully elucidated.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 46 patients with recurrent or metastatic HNC who received pembrolizumab or nivolumab between June 2016 and June 2019.

Results
Thirty-five patients had head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) affecting the oropharynx, oral cavity, hypopharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, or paranasal sinuses, and eleven patients had nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.7 months and 6.8 months, respectively, for patients with HNSCC, and 4.3 months and 11.8 months, respectively, for patients with NPC. The objective response rate (ORR) in all patients was 21%. Of 30 patients with HNSCC, 5 patients achieved complete response and 2 achieved partial response (ORR 23%); 1 of 8 NPC patients achieved partial response (13%). Patients who previously underwent radiotherapy had better OS than those who did not (median OS, 7.6 months vs. 2.3 months, p = 0.006). OS was longer in patients treated with pembrolizumab than in those treated with nivolumab (median OS, 11.8 months vs. 6.8 months, p = 0.017).

Conclusion
Consistent with previous reports, immune checkpoint inhibitors showed promising efficacy in patients with previously treated recurrent or metastatic HNC in a real-world setting.
Visualization of deep choroidal vasculatures and measurement of choroidal vascular density: a swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography approach
Authors: Wang Erqian , Zhao Xinyu , Yang Jingyuan , Chen Youxin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
To investigate swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) for deep choroid visualization and choroidal vascular density (CVD) measurement.

Methods
Healthy subjects and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) patients were recruited for macular SS-OCTA scans. We evaluated OCTA images at various depths to determine an optimal depth for visualizing choroidal vasculatures. We measured CVD with binarized OCTA images at the optimal depth. In healthy subjects, CVD was studied for its correlation with age, axial length (AL), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT). In CSC eyes, CVD was compared with matched controls.

Results
Ninety-one healthy eyes and 22 CSC eyes were included. SS-OCTA could display deep choroidal vasculatures as dark signals, with 100 μm beneath BM as the optimal depth. In healthy subjects, the CVD at 100 μm beneath BM (56.5 ± 10.9%) was significantly correlated with SCT (P = 0.004) but not with age (P = 0.49) or AL (P = 0.72). In CSC eyes, the CVD at 100 μm beneath BM (62.3 ± 6.6%) was larger than that in 22 matched controls (54.1 ± 8.0%) (P = 0.001). The difference remained statistically significant after adjusting for SCT (P = 0.02).

Conclusions
SS-OCTA can be used for visualizing deep choroidal vasculatures. CVD measured by OCTA at 100 μm beneath BM is a useful parameter for quantifying choroidal vascular status.
Successful treatment of neonatal atrial flutter by synchronized cardioversion: case report and literature review
Authors: Wójtowicz-Marzec Monika , Wysokińska Barbara , Respondek-Liberska Maria 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Atrial flutter (AFL) is a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia. In the ECG tracing, it is marked by a fast, irregular atrial activity of 280–500 beats per minute. AFL is known to be a rare and also life-threatening rhythm disorder both at the fetus and neonatal period. AFL may result in circulatory failure, and in a more severe form, it may lead to a non-immune fetal hydrops. However, with early prenatal diagnosis and proper treatment, the majority of AFL cases show a good prognosis.

Case presentation
We report a case of a neonate who was born at 34 weeks of gestational age by C-section because of risk for birth asphyxia, based on abnormal CTG tracing, which had no characteristic rhythms for fetal decelerations. A third day his heart rate was 220/bpm. ECG has shown supraventricular tachycardia with narrow QRS. The administration of adenosine resulted in the obvious appearance of “sawtooth wave” typical for AFL. Arrhythmia was resistant to the therapy of amiodaron. Then cardioversion was performed and the rhythm converted to normal.

Conclusions
As neonatal AFL might be resistant to conventional pharmacotherapy, one needs to remember about the possibility of electrical cardioversion in the pediatric cardiology referral center. Moreover, CTG monitoring is of limited use because it does not record fetal heart rhythms > 200/min and echocardiography at the reference center is practically the only method to monitor the condition of the fetus with abnormal rapid heart rhythm.
Early onset children’s Gitelman syndrome with severe hypokalaemia: a case report
Authors: Chen Hanjiang , Ma Rong , Du Hongzhe , Liu Jin , Jin Li 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Hypokalaemia is a common condition among paediatric patients, but severe hypokalaemia is rare and can be life-threatening if not treated properly. The causes of hypokalaemia are complex. Finding the root cause is the key.

Case presentation
This article reports on a 2-year-old boy with severe hypokalaemia who was diagnosed with pneumonia. The child’s lab findings were low blood potassium minimum level of 1.7 mmol/L, hypomagnesemia, and metabolic alkalosis. However, he was without the common features of hypokalaemia, such as respiratory paralysis, severe arrhythmia, weakness and decreased blood pressure. After recovering from pneumonia, his potassium levels did not return to normal. This outcome was suspected to be due to chronic renal loss of potassium. After undergoing second-generation gene sequencing tests, it was discovered he carried the SLC12A3 gene mutation with an Asp486Asn mutation site, which he had inherited from his mother. The final diagnosis was made, confirming the child suffered from Gitelman syndrome.

Conclusions
Genetic predisposition is an important cause of hypokalaemia in children. Children with unexplained persistent hypokalaemia should be examined for the possibility of Gitelman syndrome, which should be distinguished from Bartter syndrome. Genetic testing is the gold standard.
Mechanical wear analysis helps understand a mechanism of failure in retrieved magnetically controlled growing rods: a retrieval study
Authors: Wei Jack Z. , Hothi Harry S. , Morganti Holly , Bergiers Sean , Dal Gal Elisabetta , Likcani Doris , Henckel Johann , Hart Alister J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
To assess the relationship between mechanical wear and the failure of the internal lengthening mechanism in retrieved MAGnetic Expansion Control (MAGEC) growing rods.

Methods
This study included 34 MAGEC rods retrieved from 20 patients. The state of the internal mechanism and mechanical wear were assessed in all the rods using plain radiographs and visual inspection. Metrology was then performed to assess the topography and mechanical wear of the telescopic bars, using a Talyrond 365 (Taylor Hobson, Leicester, UK) roundness measuring machine.

Results
Plain radiographs showed evidence of a broken internal mechanism in 29% of retrieved rods. Single-side wear marks were found in 97% of retrieved rods. Material loss was found to significantly increase in rods with a damaged internal mechanism (p < 0.05) and rods with longer time in situ (r = 0.692, p < 0.05).

Conclusions
We found an association between damage to the internal mechanism of the rods and (1) patterns of single-side longitudinal wear marks and (2) increased material loss. As the material loss was also found to increase over time of rod in situ, we emphasise the importance of early detection and revision of failed MAGEC rods in clinical practice.
Clinical and volumetric outcomes after vertical ridge augmentation using computer-aided-design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) customized titanium meshes: a pilot study
Authors: Cucchi Alessandro , Bianchi Alessandro , Calamai Paolo , Rinaldi Lisa , Mangano Francesco , Vignudelli Elisabetta , Corinaldesi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundOne of the most recent innovations in bone augmentation surgery is represented by computer-aided-design/computer-aided-manufacturing (CAD/CAM) customized titanium meshes, which can be used to restore vertical bone defects before implant-prosthetic rehabilitations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness/reliability of this technique in a consecutive series of cases.MethodsTen patients in need of bone augmentation before implant therapy were treated using CAD/CAM customized titanium meshes. A digital workflow was adopted to design virtual meshes on 3D bone models. Then, Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) technology was used to produce the titanium meshes, and vertical ridge augmentation was performed according to an established surgical protocol. Surgical complications, healing complications, vertical bone gain (VBG), planned bone volume (PBV), lacking bone volume (LBV), regenerated bone volume (RBV), average regeneration rate (RR) and implant success rate were evaluated.ResultsAll augmented sites were successfully restored with definitive implant-supported fixed partial dentures. Measurements showed an average VBG of 4.5 ± 1.8 mm at surgical re-entry. Surgical and healing complications occurred in 30% and 10% of cases, respectively. Mean values of PBV, LBV, and RBV were 984, 92, and 892 mm3, respectively. The average RR achieved was 89%. All 26 implants were successfully in function after 1 year of follow-up.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that the bone augmentation by means of DMLS custom-made titanium meshes can be considered a reliable and effective technique in restoring vertical bone defects.
Haimufang decoction, a Chinese medicine formula for lung cancer, arrests cell cycle, stimulates apoptosis in NCI-H1975 cells, and induces M1 polarization in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells
Authors: Ma Wei-Ping , Hu Shu-Man , Xu Yan-Lai , Li Hai-Hua , Ma Xiao-Qing , Wei Bao-Hong , Li Fu-Yu , Guan Hua-Shi , Yu Guang-Li , Liu Ming , Liu Hong-Bing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Lung cancer has the highest morbidity and mortality in the world and novel treatment strategies are still needed. Haimufang decoction (HMF) is a patented clinical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine for lung cancer treatment. HMF is composed of four herbs and has been applied clinically in advanced cancer patients. However, its therapeutic mechanisms are still unclear. This study aims to elucidate the possible mechanisms of HMF for the treatment of lung cancer.

Methods
3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay was applied for evaluating the proliferative effect of HMF in lung cancer cells and monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Flow cytometer was used to detect the effects of HMF on cell cycle and apoptosis, and western blotting was employed to explore the potential apoptotic mechanisms of HMF on lung cancer cells. For immunomodulatory effect, co-culture system was used to detect the activation of macrophage RAW264.7 cells when treated with HMF, and neutral red assay was used to measure the effect of HMF on the phagocytosis of the activated macrophages. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometer, and immunofluorescence staining method were employed for the investigation on the underlying mechanisms of the immunomodulatory effect on RAW264.7 induced by HMF.

Results
HMF inhibited the proliferation, induced S phase cell cycle arrest, and stimulated apoptosis in lung cancer NCI-H1975 cells, while had negligible cytotoxicity on macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, HMF could activate macrophage RAW264.7 cells and promote the inhibition activity of RAW264.7 cells against lung cancer cells. And also, HMF activated macrophages and increased their phagocytic activity in a concentration-dependent manner. HMF increased the expression of macrophage activation marker CD40, the level of nitric oxide, the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, as well as M1 macrophages cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin 12 p70, and interleukin 6. Further investigation showed that HMF induced M1 but not M2 phenotype polarization in RAW264.7 cells.

Conclusions
HMF can mainly exert anticancer activity via (1) cytotoxicity to human lung cancer cells by proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis induction; and also via (2) immunomodulation via macrophage cells activation and M1 phenotype polarization induction.

Graphical Abstract
First report and genetic characterization of bovine torovirus in diarrhoeic calves in China
Authors: Shi Zhihai , Wang Wenjia , Chen Chaoxi , Zhang Xiaozhan , Wang Jing , Xu Zhaoxue , Lan Yali 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronaviruses are notorious pathogens that cause diarrheic and respiratory diseases in humans and animals. Although the epidemiology and pathogenicity of coronaviruses have gained substantial attention, little is known about bovine coronavirus in cattle, which possesses a close relationship with human coronavirus. Bovine torovirus (BToV) is a newly identified relevant pathogen associated with cattle diarrhoea and respiratory diseases, and its epidemiology in the Chinese cattle industry remains unknown.ResultsIn this study, a total of 461 diarrhoeic faecal samples were collected from 38 different farms in three intensive cattle farming regions and analysed. Our results demonstrated that BToV is present in China, with a low prevalence rate of 1.74% (8/461). The full-length spike genes were further cloned from eight clinical samples (five farms in Henan Province). Phylogenetic analysis showed that two different subclades of BToV strains are circulating in China. Meanwhile, the three BToV strains identified from dairy calves, 18,307, 2YY and 5YY, all contained the amino acid variants R614Q, I801T, N841S and Q885E.ConclusionsThis is the first report to confirm the presence of BToV in beef and dairy calves in China with diarrhea, which extend our understanding of the epidemiology of BToVs worldwide.
Metformin treatment in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis
Authors: Halabi Amera , Sen Jonathan , Huynh Quan , Marwick Thomas H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Observational series suggest a mortality benefit from metformin in the heart failure (HF) population. However, the benefit of metformin in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has yet to be explored. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify whether variation in EF impacts mortality outcomes in HF patients treated with metformin.

Methods
MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up to October 2019. Observational studies and randomised trials reporting mortality in HF patients and the proportion of patients with an EF > 50% at baseline were included. Other baseline variables were used to assess for heterogeneity in treatment outcomes between groups. Regression models were used to determine the interaction between metformin and subgroups on mortality.

Results
Four studies reported the proportion of patients with a preserved EF and were analysed. Metformin reduced mortality in both preserved or reduced EF after adjustment with HF therapies such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and beta-blockers (β = − 0.2 [95% CI − 0.3 to − 0.1], p = 0.02). Significantly greater protective effects were seen with EF > 50% (p = 0.003). Metformin treatment with insulin, ACEi and beta-blocker therapy were also shown to have a reduction in mortality (insulin p = 0.002; ACEi p < 0.001; beta-blocker p = 0.017), whereas female gender was associated with worse outcomes (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Metformin treatment is associated with a reduction in mortality in patients with HFpEF.
A cluster randomized trial of delivery of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy at the community level in Burkina Faso
Authors: Gutman Julie R. , Stephens Daniel K. , Tiendrebeogo Justin , Badolo Ousmane , Dodo Mathurin , Burke Danielle , Williamson John , Vibbert Kristen , Youll Susan J. , Savadogo Yacouba , Brieger William R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Malaria in pregnancy is responsible for 8–14% of low birth weight and 20% of stillbirths in sub-Saharan Africa. To prevent these adverse consequences, the World Health Organization recommends intermittent preventive treatment of pregnant women (IPTp) with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine be administered at each ANC visit starting as early as possible in the second trimester. Global IPTp coverage in targeted countries remains unacceptably low. Community delivery of IPTp was explored as a means to improve coverage.

Methods
A cluster randomized, controlled trial was conducted in 12 health facilities in a 1:1 ratio to either an intervention group (IPTp delivered by CHWs) or a control group (standard practice, with IPTp delivered at HFs) in three districts of Burkina Faso to assess the effect of IPTp administration by community health workers (CHWs) on the coverage of IPTp and antenatal care (ANC). The districts and facilities were purposively selected taking into account malaria epidemiology, IPTp coverage, and the presence of active CHWs. Pre- and post-intervention surveys were carried out in March 2017 and July–August 2018, respectively. A difference in differences (DiD) analysis was conducted to assess the change in coverage of IPTp and ANC over time, accounting for clustering at the health facility level.

Results
Altogether 374 and 360 women were included in the baseline and endline surveys, respectively. At baseline, women received a median of 2.1 doses; by endline, women received a median of 1.8 doses in the control group and 2.8 doses in the intervention group (p-value < 0.0001). There was a non-statistically significant increase in the proportion of women attending four ANC visits in the intervention compared to control group (DiD = 12.6%, p-value = 0.16). By the endline, administration of IPTp was higher in the intervention than control, with a DiD of 17.6% for IPTp3 (95% confidence interval (CI) − 16.3, 51.5; p-value 0.31) and 20.0% for IPTp4 (95% CI − 7.2, 47.3; p-value = 0.15).

Conclusions
Community delivery of IPTp could potentially lead to a greater number of IPTp doses delivered, with no apparent decrease in ANC coverage.