bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of early postoperative hyperglycemia in surgical patients: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ssentongo Paddy , Lewcun Joseph A. , Ssentongo Anna E. , Soybel David I. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Early postoperative hyperglycemia (POHG) is common and associated with poor postoperative outcomes. Currently, there is no systematic review and meta-analysis that addresses the knowledge gap of the incidence of POHG in surgical patients and that explores the associated risk factors and complications. The objective of this study will be to estimate the pooled incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of early postoperative hyperglycemia in men and women globally.

Methods
We designed and registered a study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the incidence of postoperative hyperglycemia (POHG). We will search PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, OVID (HEALTH STAR), OVID (MEDLINE), and Joana Briggs Institute EBF Database (from inception onwards). Randomized controlled trials and observational cohort studies reporting the incidence of POHG and conducted in surgical patients will be included. No age, geographical location, study design, or language limits will be applied. The primary outcome will be the incidence of POHG. Secondary outcomes will be risk factors and clinical outcomes of POHG. Two reviewers will independently screen citations, full text articles, and abstract data, extract data, and evaluate the quality and bias of included studies. Discrepancies will be resolved through discussion or consultation with a third researcher. The risk of bias and study methodological quality of included studies will be evaluated by the appropriate Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. If feasible, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis with a logit transformation of proportions. We will report the probability of postoperative hyperglycemia as a measure of incidence rate, relative risk ratios (RR), and 95% confidence intervals to report the effects of the risk factors and postoperative outcomes. Additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity (e.g., age, gender, geographical location, publication year, comorbidities, type of surgical procedure). The Egger test and funnel plots will be used to assess small study effects (publication bias).

Discussion
This systematic review and meta-analysis will identify, evaluate, and integrate the evidence on the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of early POHG in surgical patients. The results of this study can be used to identify populations which may be at particular risk for POHG. Future studies which use this information to better guide post-operative glycemic control in surgical patients could be considered.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO registration number CRD42020167138
Dynamics of an HIV model with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte memory
Authors: Liu Chunhua , Kong Lei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider a four-dimensional HIV model that includes healthy cells, infected cells, primary cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response (CTLp), and secondary cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response (CTLe). The CTL memory generation depends on CD4+ T-cell help, and infection of CD4+ T cells results in impaired T-cell help. We show that the system has up to five equilibria. By the Routh–Hurwitz theorem and central manifold theorem we obtain some sufficient conditions for the local stability, globally stability of the equilibria, and the bifurcations. We still discover the bistability case where in the system there may coexist two stable equilibria or a stable equilibrium together with a stable limit cycle. Several numerical analyses are carried out to illustrate the validity of our theoretical results.
A predictive noise correction methodology for manufacturing process datasets
Authors: Oleghe Omogbai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn manufacturing processes, datasets intended for data driven decisions are majorly generated from time-sequenced sensor readings. Industrial sensor systems are prone to transmit inaccurate readings, which result in noisy datasets. Noisy datasets inhibit machine learning and knowledge discovery. Using a multi-stage, multi-output process dataset as an experimental case, this article reports a methodology for replacing erroneous sensor values with their predicted likely values. In the methodology, invalid values specified by process owners are first converted to missing values. Then, ReliefF algorithm is used to select the most relevant features to progress for prediction modelling, and also to boost the performance of the prediction model. A Random Forest classifier model is built to predict replacement values for the missing values. Finally, predicted values are inserted into the dataset to fill in the missing entries. With many attributes having a significant number of erroneous values, the invalid values replacement is done one attribute at a time. To do this systematically, the process flow direction and stages in the manufacturing process are exploited to partition the dataset into subsets for model building. The results indicate that the methodology is able to replace erroneous values with likely true values, to a very high degree of accuracy. There is a paucity of this type of methodology for dealing with invalid entries in process datasets. The methodology is useful for both missing and invalid value correction in process datasets. In the future, the plan is to inject the prediction models into streaming data to simultaneously enable erroneous value correction and predictive process monitoring in real-time.
Reductive dissolution of biogenic magnetite
Authors: Yamazaki Toshitsugu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReductive dissolution of magnetite is known to occur below the Fe-redox boundary in sediments. In this study, detailed processes associated with biogenic magnetite dissolution are documented. A sediment core from the Japan Sea was used for this purpose, in which reductive dissolution of magnetic minerals is known to start at depths of about 1.15 m and is mostly complete within a depth interval of about 0.35 m. Using first-order reversal curve diagrams, preferential dissolution of biogenic magnetite within this interval is estimated from the observation that a narrow peak that extends along the coercivity axis (central ridge), which is indicative of biogenic magnetite, diminishes downcore. Transmission electron microscopy is used to demonstrate that the sediments contain three magnetofossil morpho-types: octahedra, hexagonal prisms, and bullet-shaped forms. Within the reductive dissolution zone, partially etched crystals are commonly observed. With progressive dissolution, the proportion of bullet-shaped magnetofossils decreases, whereas hexagonal prisms become more dominant. This observation can be explained by the differences in resistance to dissolution among crystal planes of magnetite and the differences in surface area to volume ratios. Magnetofossil morphology may reflect the preference of magnetotactic bacterial lineages for inhabiting specific chemical environments in sediments. However, it could also reflect alteration of the original morphological compositions during reductive diagenesis, which should be considered when using magnetofossil morphology as a paleoenvironmental proxy.
Laparoscopic resection of a neuroendocrine tumor that almost fully replaced tailgut cysts: a case report
Authors: Kodera Keita , Eto Seiichiro , Fukasawa Nei , Kai Wataru , Matsumoto Tomo , Hirabayashi Tsuyoshi , Kawahara Hidejiro , Omura Nobuo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) originate from neuroendocrine cells, which are found throughout the body. NETs occur principally in the gastrointestinal tract (approximately 65%) and bronchopulmonary tract (approximately 25%) but rarely occur in the presacral space. Aside from primary and metastatic lesions, there have been reports of NETs occurring in the presacral space arising from tailgut cysts, teratomas, and imperforate anus. We herein report a rare case of laparoscopic resection of a NET in the presacral space, which almost fully replaced tailgut cysts.

Case presentation
A 68-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for surgery of a right inguinal hernia, but preoperative computed tomography revealed an asymptomatic 43-mm mass in the presacral space. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a multilocular solid mass with clear boundaries and a slightly high signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images. Positron emission tomography showed 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. Thus, we suspected a malignant tumor and performed laparoscopic resection to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Macroscopically, the tumor was 43 mm in size with clear boundaries, and the cut surface was a gray-white solid component. Histopathological findings revealed that the tumor was composed of relatively uniform cells with fine chromatin, with round to oval nuclei arranged in solid, trabecular, or rosette-like growth patterns. Small cysts lined with stratified squamous epithelium and columnar epithelium were observed along with solid components of the tumor, which is a feature of tailgut cysts. Therefore, the final diagnosis was NET Grade 1 arising from tailgut cysts. No recurrence was observed within 1 year after surgery.

Conclusions
We performed en bloc laparoscopic resection of a NET arising from tailgut cysts in the presacral space without injury. In cases of a solid lesion in the presacral space, not only the primary disease but also the pathological condition with tissue transformation and replacement should be considered, as in this case.
Hemodialysis crossover study using a relative blood volume change-guided ultrafiltration control compared with standard hemodialysis: the BV-UFC study
Authors: Ookawara Susumu , Ito Kiyonori , Uchida Takayuki , Tokuyama Keito , Kiryu Satoshi , Suganuma Takeshi , Hojyo Kyoko , Miyazawa Haruhisa , Ueda Yuichiro , Ito Chiharu , Iimura Osamu , Yoshiya Kunihiko , Morishita Yoshiyuki , Hanafusa Norio , Tabei Kaoru 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
It has been difficult to sufficiently achieve body-fluid management using blood volume (BV) monitor during hemodialysis (HD) with constant ultrafiltration (UF) rate. Recently, a relative BV change-guided UF control (BV-UFC) system was developed by combining the concepts of an automatic feedback system that could control the UF rate and profile with real- time monitoring of relative changes in BV (%ΔBV). However, this system has limited application in the clinical setting. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to perform the crossover study on HD with BV-UFC compared to standard HD in terms of hemodynamic stability during HD.

Methods
Forty-eight patients entered an 8-week crossover period of standard HD or HD with BV-UFC. Prevalence of intradialytic hypotension (IDH) as a primary outcome and changes in blood pressure (BP), differences in %ΔBV, and achievement of the target ultrafiltration volume as secondary outcomes were compared. IDH was defined as a reduction in systolic BP ≥20 mmHg from the baseline value at 10 min after HD initiation.

Results
No significant differences were found in the prevalence of IDH, frequency of intervention for symptomatic IDH, and achievement of the target ultrafiltration volume between the groups. The %ΔBV was significantly fewer (-12.1 ± 4.8% vs. -14.4 ± 5.2%, p <0.001) in the HD with BV-UFC than that in the standard HD.

Conclusions
HD with BV-UFC did not reduce the prevalence of IDH compared with standard HD. The relief of a relative BV reduction at the end of HD may be beneficial in patients undergoing HD with BV-UFC.

Trial Registration
UMIN, UMIN000024670. Registered on December 1, 2016.
The effects of the primary health care providers’ prescription behavior interventions to improve the rational use of antibiotics: a systematic review
Authors: Yao Lu , Yin Jia , Huo Ruiting , Yang Ding , Shen Liyan , Wen Shuqin , Sun Qiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Irrational antibiotics use in clinical prescription, especially in primary health care (PHC) is accelerating the spread of antibiotics resistance (ABR) around the world. It may be greatly useful to improve the rational use of antibiotics by effectively intervening providers’ prescription behaviors in PHC. This study aimed to systematically review the interventions targeted to providers’ prescription behaviors in PHC and its’ effects on improving the rational use of antibiotics.

Methods
The literatures were searched in Ovid Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and two Chinese databases with a time limit from January 1st, 1998 to December 1st, 2018. The articles included in our review were randomized control trial, controlled before-and-after studies and interrupted time series, and the main outcomes measured in these articles were providers’ prescription behaviors. The Cochrane Collaboration criteria were used to assess the risk of bias of the studies by two reviewers. Narrative analysis was performed to analyze the effect size of interventions.

Results
A total of 4422 studies were identified in this study and 17 of them were included in the review. Among 17 included studies, 13 studies were conducted in the Europe or in the United States, and the rest were conducted in low-income and-middle-income countries (LMICs). According to the Cochrane Collaboration criteria, 12 studies had high risk of bias and 5 studies had medium risk of bias. There was moderate-strength evidence that interventions targeted to improve the providers’ prescription behaviors in PHC decreased the antibiotics prescribing and improved the rational use of antibiotics.

Conclusions
Interventions targeted PHC providers’ prescription behaviours could be an effective way to decrease the use of antibiotics in PHC and to promote the rational use of antibiotics. However, we cannot compare the effects between different interventions because of heterogeneity of interventions and outcome measures.
Deletion of SREBF1, a Functional Bone-Muscle Pleiotropic Gene, Alters Bone Density and Lipid Signaling in Zebrafish
Authors: Shochat Chen , Wang Zhiying , Mo Chenglin , Nelson Sarah , Donaka Rajashekar , Huang Jian , Karasik David , Brotto Marco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Through a genome-wide analysis of bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle mass, identification of a signaling pattern on 17p11.2 recognized the presence of sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1 (SREBF1), a gene responsible for the regulation of lipid homeostasis. In conjunction with lipid-based metabolic functions, SREBF1 also codes for the protein, SREBP-1, a transcription factor known for its role in adipocyte differentiation. We conducted a quantitative correlational study. We established a zebrafish (ZF) SREBF1 knockout (KO) model and used a targeted customized lipidomics approach to analyze the extent of SREBF1 capabilities. For lipidomics profiling, we isolated the dorsal muscles of wild type (WT) and KO fishes, and we performed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry screening assays of these samples.
In our analysis, we profiled 48 lipid mediators (LMs) derived from various essential polyunsaturated fatty acids to determine potential targets regulated by SREBF1, and we found that the levels of 11,12 epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12-EET) were negatively associated with the number of SREBF1 alleles (P = 0.006 for a linear model). We also compared gene expression between KO and WT ZF by genome-wide RNA-sequencing. Significantly enriched pathways included fatty acid elongation, linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, adipocytokine signaling, and DNA replication. We discovered trends indicating that BMD in adult fish was significantly lower in the KO than in the WT population (P &lt; 0.03). These studies reinforce the importance of lipidomics investigation by detailing how the KO of SREBF1 affects both BMD and lipid-signaling mediators, thus confirming the importance of SREBF1 for musculoskeletal homeostasis.
Mechanisms of Estradiol-induced EGF-like Factor Expression and Oocyte Maturation via G Protein-coupled Estrogen Receptor
Authors: Zhang Hui , Lu Sihai , Xu Rui , Tang Yaju , Liu Jie , Li Chan , Wei Juncai , Yao Ru , Zhao Xiaoe , Wei Qiang , Ma Baohua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEstrogen is an important modulator of reproductive activity through nuclear receptors and G protein–coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Here, we observed that both estradiol and the GPER-specific agonist G1 rapidly induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production in cumulus cells, leading to transient stimulation of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), which was conducive to the transcription of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like factors, amphiregulin, epiregulin, and betacellulin. Inhibition of GPER by G15 significantly reduced estradiol-induced CREB phosphorylation and EGF-like factor gene expression. Consistently, the silencing of GPER expression in cultured cumulus cells abrogated the estradiol-induced CREB phosphorylation and EGF-like factor transcription. In addition, the increase in EGF-like factor expression in the cumulus cells is associated with EGF receptor (EFGR) tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GPER-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2 was involved in reduced gap junction communication, cumulus expansion, increased oocyte mitochondrial activity and first polar body extrusion. Overall, our study identified a novel function for estrogen in regulating EGFR activation via GPER in cumulus cells during oocyte maturation.
Letrozole is superior to clomiphene citrate in ovulation induction in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Sakar Mehmet Nafi , Oğlak Süleyman Cemil 
Published: October 2020

Objective: This study was aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of ovulation induction (OI) by timed intercourse with letrozole (LTZ) and clomiphene citrate (CC).
Methods: Three hundred and twenty-three patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who underwent OI with LTZ or CC between February 2017 and November 2018 were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into two groups as the CC group (n=148) and the LTZ group (n=175). Endometrial thickness, follicular development, ovulation, clinical pregnancy, abortion, and live birth rates of the groups were analyzed.
Results: The mean endometrium thickness of the CC group was 7.1±1.7 mm, and the LTZ group was 8.6±1.8 mm (p<0.001). The ovulation rate per cycle was higher in the LTZ group (93.1%) in comparison with the CC group (83.8%) (p=0.013). Clinical pregnancy rates were 52% in the LTZ group, and 41.2% in the CC group (p=0.047). LTZ with 44% of live birth rate was superior to CC with a 33% live birth rate (p=0.029).
Conclusions: LTZ is an effective OI agent in PCOS patients. LTZ is superior to CC in terms of pregnancy rates and live birth rates. As a result, we recommend that LTZ should be the first-line treatment agent in patients with PCOS.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3345
How to cite this:Sakar MN, Oglak SC. Letrozole is superior to clomiphene citrate in ovulation induction in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1460-1465. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3345
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Investigation of the change of lockdowns applied due to COVID-19 pandemic on musculoskeletal discomfort
Authors: Şengül Halil , Bulut Arzu , Adalan Musab Abdullah 
Published: October 2020

Objectives: COVID-19 pandemic has affected public health to a large extent. The rapid contamination of the disease has necessitated social distance and lockdown. Musculoskeletal discomforts are the most common complaints among routine medical complaints. Restraints caused by the pandemic and psycho-social effects have caused such complaints increase. In the present study, the aim is to determine whether there is a difference between the Musculoskeletal System Discomforts of the people before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to reveal the factors affecting such a difference.
Material and Method: This study was carried out in descriptive design. In the study, the study group consisted 1138 people living at different cities of Turkey who accepted to participate in the study. As the data collection tool, the personal information form prepared by the researcher and the “Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (T-CMDQ)”, which was developed by Cornell and translated into Turkish by Erdinç et al. who also tested the validity and adaptation of the questionnaire, were used in the study. The test method conducted in computer environment was used as the data collection method. In the study, decision of the ethics committee was taken for the non-interventional practices (Dated 2020 with no. 06). Paired Sample t-Test statistics was used for data comparison in the study. Significance level was accepted as p <0.001. In the study, Cronbach alpha value of the total score of Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire was found as 0.92.
Results: It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the total mean scores of the participants before COVID-19 and during COVID-19 (p <0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the total mean scores of the participants regarding the pain level before COVID-19 and during COVID-19 (p <0.001).
Conclusion: During COVID-19, it is determined that there is a decrease in the frequency of feeling pain, aches, and discomfort in body regions, but an increase in the severity of the emergent discomforts.
DEM Simulations of Energy Dissipation in Sand under Static and Cyclic Loading
Authors: Tong Liwei , Gao Yan , Wang Yu-Hsing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this study, numerical simulations by the discrete element method were carried out to examine the characteristics of energy dissipation in sand. In the simulations of static biaxial tests of loose and dense samples, it was found that the applied boundary work is either stored in the strain energy or dissipated through interparticle friction when viscous energy loss is not considered. At the critical state, the boundary work balances out the frictional loss and the strain energy ceases to increase. The release of frozen strain energy can be readily seen in the dense sample when the sample is sheared to dilation and under a strain softening response. In the simulations of cyclic simple shear tests at small strains from 6 × 10−6 to 1.5 × 10−4, both frictional and viscous energy losses were considered. The simulated damping ratio and associated shear modulus can be obtained from two methods: traced energy and the resulting hysteresis loop. These two methods render almost identical results. The simulation can reproduce similar responses like the experimental findings in both shear modulus and damping ratio at different confining pressures, strain levels, and strain rates. It is found that not only the lost energy but also the stored energy, which is related to the associated shear modulus, can significantly affect the response of the damping ratio. In addition, the frictional loss mainly takes place in the weak force network, but the viscous energy is quite evenly distributed in the strong and weak force networks.