bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decentralised, small-scale coagulation-membrane treatment of wastewater from metal recycling villages – a case study from Vietnam
Authors: Tran Lan Thu , Do Anh Tien , Pham Tuan Hung , Nguyen Kim Thanh , Duong Hung Cong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Effective treatment of wastewaters laden with heavy metals is critical to the sustainable social and economic growth of metal recycling villages in Vietnam. Currently, most wastewaters from metal recycling villages in Vietnam are directly discharged, posing great threats to the environment and human health. In this study, a small-scale combined coagulation-membrane filtration treatment of wastewater collected from a metal recycling village in Vietnam was experimentally investigated. The experimental results manifested the technical viability of the combined coagulation-membrane filtration process for the treatment of the heavily polluted metal recycling wastewater for beneficial reuse. In this combined treatment process, coagulation using ferric chloride (FeCl2) served as a pre-treatment prior to the microfiltration (MF)/reverse osmosis (RO) process. Under the optimised conditions, coagulation at the dosage of 0.2 g FeCl2 per 1,000 ml wastewater removed more than 90% of heavy metals (i.e. most notably including aluminium and chromium) from the wastewater, reducing the aluminium and chromium concentrations in the wastewater from 548.0 to 52.3 mg/L to 32.6 and 1.7 mg/L, respectively. The MF treatment of the wastewater following the coagulation further removed suspended solids and organic matters, rendering the wastewater safe for the subsequent RO filtration with respect to membrane fouling. Given the efficient pre-treatment of coagulation and MF, the RO process at the controlled water recovery of 50% was able to effectively treat the wastewater to potable water.
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticles: New Insights into Alleviating Diabetes
Authors: Tang Kim San 
Published: October 2020

Background::
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that requires immediate attention.
Oxidative stress that leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species is a contributing factor to
the disease progression. Yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y2O3 NPs) have a profound effect on alleviating
oxidative damage.

Methods::
The literature related to Y2O3 NPs and oxidative stress has been thoroughly searched using
PubMed and Scopus databases and relevant studies from inception until August 2020 were included
in this scoping review.

Results::
Y2O3 NPs altered oxidative stress-related biochemical parameters in different disease models
including diabetes.

Conclusion::
Although Y2O3 NPs are a promising antidiabetic agent due to their antioxidant and anti-
inflammatory properties, more studies are required to further elucidate the pharmacological and
toxicological properties of these nanoparticles.
Impact Evaluation of the Kenya Frontline Field Epidemiology Training Program: Repeated-Measures Study
Authors: Roka Zeinab Gura , Oyugi Elvis Omondi , Githuku Jane Njoki , Kanyina Evalyne , Obonyo Mark , Omballa Victor , Boru Waqo Gufu , Ransom James 
Published: October 2020

Background
In 2014, Kenya’s Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP) initiated a 3-month field-based frontline training, Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP-F), for local public health workers.

Objective
This study aimed to measure the effect of FETP-F on participant workplace practices regarding quality and consistency of public health data, critical interaction with public health data, and improvements in on-time reporting (OTR).

Methods
Between February and April 2017, FELTP conducted a mixed methods evaluation via online survey to examine outcomes achieved among all 215 graduates from 2014 and 2015. Data quality assessment (DQA) and data consistency assessment (DCA) scores, OTR percentages, and ratings of the training experience were the quantitative measures tracked from baseline and then at 6-month intervals up to 18 months postcompletion of the training. The qualitative component consisted of semistructured face-to-face interviews and observations. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Qualitative data were transcribed and analyzed to identify key themes and dimensions.

Results
In total, 103 (47%) graduates responded to the survey. Quantitative analyses showed that the training significantly increased the mean DQA and OTR scores but there was a nonsignificant increase in mean DCA scores. Qualitative analyses found that 68% of respondents acquired new skills, 83% applied those skills to their day-to-day work, and 91% improved work methods.

Conclusions
FETP-F improved overall data quality and OTR at the agency level but had minimal impact on data consistency between local, county, and national public health agencies. Participants reported that they acquired practical skills that improved data collation and analysis and OTR.
AQUEDUCT Intervention for Crisis Team Quality and Effectiveness in Dementia: Protocol for a Feasibility Study
Authors: Broome Emma Elizabeth , Coleston-Shields Donna Maria , Dening Tom , Moniz-Cook Esme , Poland Fiona , Stanyon Miriam , Orrell Martin 
Published: October 2020

Background
Specialist community teams often support people with dementia who experience crisis. These teams may vary in composition and models of practice, which presents challenges when evaluating their effectiveness. A best practice model for dementia crisis services could be used by teams to improve the quality and effectiveness of the care they deliver.

Objective
The aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of conducting a large-scale randomized controlled trial comparing the AQUEDUCT (Achieving Quality and Effectiveness in Dementia Using Crisis Teams) Resource Kit intervention to treatment as usual.

Methods
This is a multisite feasibility study in preparation for a future randomized controlled trial. Up to 54 people with dementia (and their carers) and 40 practitioners will be recruited from 4 geographically widespread teams managing crisis in dementia. Quantitative outcomes will be recorded at baseline and at discharge. This study will also involve a nested health economic substudy and qualitative research to examine participant experiences of the intervention and acceptability of research procedures.

Results
Ethical approval for this study was granted in July 2019. Participant recruitment began in September 2019, and as of September 2020, all data collection has been completed. Results of this study will establish the acceptability of the intervention, recruitment rates, and will assess the feasibility and appropriateness of the outcome measures in preparation for a large-scale randomized controlled trial.

Conclusions
There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of crisis intervention teams for older people with dementia. This is the first study to test the feasibility of an evidence-based best practice model for teams managing crisis in dementia. The results of this study will assist in the planning and delivery of a large-scale randomized controlled trial.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/18971
Evaluating Identity Disclosure Risk in Fully Synthetic Health Data: Model Development and Validation
Authors: El Emam Khaled , Mosquera Lucy , Bass Jason 
Published: October 2020

Background
There has been growing interest in data synthesis for enabling the sharing of data for secondary analysis; however, there is a need for a comprehensive privacy risk model for fully synthetic data: If the generative models have been overfit, then it is possible to identify individuals from synthetic data and learn something new about them.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to develop and apply a methodology for evaluating the identity disclosure risks of fully synthetic data.

Methods
A full risk model is presented, which evaluates both identity disclosure and the ability of an adversary to learn something new if there is a match between a synthetic record and a real person. We term this “meaningful identity disclosure risk.” The model is applied on samples from the Washington State Hospital discharge database (2007) and the Canadian COVID-19 cases database. Both of these datasets were synthesized using a sequential decision tree process commonly used to synthesize health and social science data.

Results
The meaningful identity disclosure risk for both of these synthesized samples was below the commonly used 0.09 risk threshold (0.0198 and 0.0086, respectively), and 4 times and 5 times lower than the risk values for the original datasets, respectively.

Conclusions
We have presented a comprehensive identity disclosure risk model for fully synthetic data. The results for this synthesis method on 2 datasets demonstrate that synthesis can reduce meaningful identity disclosure risks considerably. The risk model can be applied in the future to evaluate the privacy of fully synthetic data.
Role of Technology in Self-Assessment and Feedback Among Hospitalist Physicians: Semistructured Interviews and Thematic Analysis
Authors: Yin Andrew Lukas , Gheissari Pargol , Lin Inna Wanyin , Sobolev Michael , Pollak John P , Cole Curtis , Estrin Deborah 
Published: October 2020

Background
Lifelong learning is embedded in the culture of medicine, but there are limited tools currently available for many clinicians, including hospitalists, to help improve their own practice. Although there are requirements for continuing medical education, resources for learning new clinical guidelines, and developing fields aimed at facilitating peer-to-peer feedback, there is a gap in the availability of tools that enable clinicians to learn based on their own patients and clinical decisions.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the technologies or modifications to existing systems that could be used to benefit hospitalist physicians in pursuing self-assessment and improvement by understanding physicians’ current practices and their reactions to proposed possibilities.

Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted in two separate stages with analysis performed after each stage. In the first stage, interviews (N=12) were conducted to understand the ways in which hospitalist physicians are currently gathering feedback and assessing their practice. A thematic analysis of these interviews informed the prototype used to elicit responses in the second stage.

Results
Clinicians actively look for feedback that they can apply to their practice, with the majority of the feedback obtained through self-assessment. The following three themes surrounding this aspect were identified in the first round of semistructured interviews: collaboration, self-reliance, and uncertainty, each with three related subthemes. Using a wireframe, the second round of interviews led to identifying the features that are currently challenging to use or could be made available with technology.

Conclusions
Based on each theme and subtheme, we provide targeted recommendations for use by relevant stakeholders such as institutions, clinicians, and technologists. Most hospitalist self-assessments occur on a rolling basis, specifically using data in electronic medical records as their primary source. Specific objective data points or subjective patient relationships lead clinicians to review their patient cases and to assess their own performance. However, current systems are not built for these analyses or for clinicians to perform self-assessment, making this a burdensome and incomplete process. Building a platform that focuses on providing and curating the information used for self-assessment could help physicians make more accurately informed changes to their own clinical practice and decision-making.
FORMULATION AND EFFECTIVITY TEST OF DEODORANT FROM ACTIVATED CHARCOAL OF PALM SHELL AS EXCESSIVE SWEAT ADSORBENT ON BODY
Authors: UCE LESTARI  , FAIZAR FARID  , AHMAD FUDHOLI  
Published: October 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to know the physically stable deodorant preparations during storage and to obtain the preparations.
Methods: The evaluation of the physical properties of deodorant include: Organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH measurement, viscosity, flow properties, drying time, moisture content, flow time, density, cycling test, hedonic test, irritation test, and effectivity test of sweat adsorption. Activated charcoal used by the formulation of deodorant powder and roll on each with a concentration of 15%.
Results: The physicochemical evaluation was obtained. Descriptively produced data stated that deodorant powder is more physically stable that deodorant roll-on which has separated during storage.
Conclusion: For the effectivity of sweat adsorption, deodorant powder is more effective than deodorant roll-on.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF TIZANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES
Authors: PAVITHRA K  , BHAGAWATI ST  , MANJUNATH K  
Published: October 2020

Objectives: The primary objective of the present study is to develop and evaluate tizanidine hydrochloride (TZ) solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using solid lipids/triglycerides.
Methods: TZ SLNs were prepared by hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication technique. The prepared SLNs were characterized for drug content, entrapment and loading efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), and in intro release kinetics.
Results: TZ SLNs were prepared. The particle size ranged from 49.7 to 523.7 nm. PDI of all formulations was good within the range of 0.189–0.487. The zeta potential of blank SLNs was −15.2 mV whereas drug-loaded SLNs showed zeta potential from −8.85 mV to −42.0 mV. Entrapment efficiency observed was in the range of 34.5–75.0%. The cumulative percentage release of TZ from different TZ nanoparticles varied from 35.28% to 83.98% depending on the drug-lipid ratio and the type of lipid and surfactant used. The release kinetic studies of optimized formulation showed that the release was first order and the release mechanism was non-Fickian type.
Conclusion: The prepared SLNs were able to sustain the drug release for 24 h, thus reducing dosing frequency and occurrence of side effects, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the drug.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITIES OF NOVEL TETRASUBSTITUTED IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: AKSHAY MURALI  , ANUSHA SHAJI  
Published: October 2020

Objective: The objective of this study is to synthesize 10 novel tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives and characterizations of them and to evaluate their antibacterial and antidepressant activities.
Methods: Ten novel tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives were synthesized on the basis of Radziszewski imidazole synthesis. They were purified by double crystallization, characterized by melting point, thin-layer chromatography, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and subjected to elemental analysis. They were evaluated for their antibacterial activity by agar disc diffusion method and antidepressant activity by forced swim method and tail suspension method.
Results: The compounds were synthesized and characterized them, and the structure was confirmed. The compounds were designated as M1 to M10 depending on their substitution. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion test in Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli using ciprofloxacin 20 μg as standard. All the 10 test drugs show significant antibacterial activity in Gram-positive organism. The antidepressant activity of novel tetrasubstituted derivatives and standard clomipramine using forced swim test and tail suspension method is evaluated in rats. Synthesized novel tetrasubstituted derivatives show a promising antidepressant activity.
Conclusion: The synthesized compounds find promising antibacterial and antidepressant activities.
EFFECT OF PRODIGIOSIN FROM SERRATIA MARCESCENS BR1 STRAIN AS AN ANTIOXIDATIVE, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND IN VIVO WOUND HEALING
Authors: HACENE ELHAMEUR 
Published: October 2020

Objective: The aim of this work is to evaluate antioxidative, antimicrobial, and healing wound potential of prodigiosin extracted from Serratia marcescens strain microbiota of a traditional Algerian fermented cereal food. The goal is to develop a natural galenic formulation for external use.
Methods: After extraction and purification of the red pigment, the Fourier transform infrared spectrum is determined. The antioxidative activity was performed by scavenging radical with 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), bleaching of beta-carotene, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Antimicrobial tests were assessed against bacteria and fungi pathogenic reference strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 10541, Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 13182, Staphylococcus aureus CC 10541, Helicobacter pylori, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Healing wound activity was achieved in vivo on Wistar rats using as a reference to the commercial formulation Madécasol.
Results: S. marcescens BR1 produce a prodigiosin where IR spectrum is typical. The DPPH test shows a trapping power of 80% at 1 mg/ml and an inhibitory concentration 50 equal to 0.54 mg/ml. The discoloration of β-carotene is 50% with high ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Candida albicans were the most sensitive to prodigiosin with inhibition diameters >20 mm. All strains tested are sensitive to prodigiosin. C. albicans were the most sensitive with inhibition diameters >20 mm followed by H. pylori strain (15 mm) and E. coli (13.5 mm). Prodigiosin ointment at 0.1% in Vaseline was used to achieve in vivo healing activity. Obtained results showed a fast and effective wound healing potential, better than the standard (Madécasol). The cicatrization traces totally without any of the lesions. We discovered the absence of the redness phase. This formulation, based on prodigiosin, is very promising as a natural replacement for the synthetic drug, having powerful anti-microbial, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities.
IN VITRO AND IN SILICO STUDIES ON EVALUATING EREMANTHIN AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC DRUG AGAINST BREAST CANCER
Authors: A ANITA ROY , MARY ANGEL , SABAPATHY INDU , RAJALAKSHMI MANIKKAM 
Published: October 2020

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the anticancer property of eremanthin isolated from Costus speciosus against breast cancer using in vitro and in silico approaches and thereby to develop eremanthin as a typical phytotherapeutic drug against cancer.
Methods: The presence of specific biologically active extract was confirmed under GC–MS/MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) analysis. The cell proliferation inhibitory effect of the eremanthin was confirmed by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assay. In silico studies were performed to predict the targeted interaction of eremanthin with cancer proteins.
Results: The GC–MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of eremanthin with peak value of RA: 20.03. The MTT and LDH assays revealed the antiproliferative activity of eremanthin on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The results provide stable interaction between eremanthin and cancer target proteins.
Conclusion: Thus, the compound can be used as an effective herbal therapeutic molecule to treat cancer with further explorations.
THE SENSITIVITY TEST OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATES FROM SUSPECT TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS TO THE SEROMUCOUS OF SNAIL AND CHITOSAN AS AN ALTERNATIVE ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS
Authors: SUTANTO YUSUP SUBAGIO , SUTANTO MAGDALENA , HARTI AGNES SRI , PUSPAWATI NONY 
Published: October 2020

Objective: The purpose of this research is to study the sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from suspect TB patients to seromucous of snail and chitosan as an alternative to anti-TB drugs.
Methods: The research methods include management specimen, freeze-drying of snail seromucous; formulation of dosage preparation; identification of MTB isolates; and sensitivity testing of MTB isolates to snail seromucous, chitosan, and streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol (SIRE).
Results: The characteristics of respondents by sex and age are the majority of male respondents and productive adult age that is 26 years–52 years. MTB isolates used in the study were obtained from the results of the screening of sputum samples of suspect TB patients through microscopic smear examination and molecular rapid test using GeneXpert tools. MTB isolates in patients suspect TB are resistant against seromucous of snails and chitosan that it is compared with SIRE. The dosage of snail seromucous is 8000 mg/l, chitosan 2% is 800 mg/l, and SIRE, respectively (rifampicin 8000 mg/l, isoniazid 20 mg/l, ethambutol 200 mg/l, streptomycin 800 mg/l).
Conclusion: MTB isolates from patients suspect who TB is resistant to seromucous of snail (8000 mg/l) and chitosan (800 mg/l).
ANTI-PARKINSON ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF MURRAYA KOENIGII AGAINST PARAQUAT-INDUCED PARKINSONISM IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: B MAHESWARI REDDY , CK DHANAPAL , BVS LAKSHMI 
Published: October 2020

Objective: The current study evaluates anti-Parkinson’s activity of aqueous extracts of leaves of Murraya koenigii (MK) (AEMK) against paraquat (PQ)-induced Parkinsonism in rats.
Methods: In this study, effects of MK (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) were studied using in vivo behavioral parameters such as catalepsy, muscle rigidity, and locomotor activity and its effects on neurochemical parameters malondialdehyde, catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) reductase, GSH peroxidase, and GSH in rats.
Results: Parkinson’s disease was induced by administering PQ 10 mg/kg b.w/i.p once in a week for 4 weeks. The increased cataleptic scores were significantly (p<0.001) found to be reduced, with the AEMK in a dose-dependent manner. Chronic administration of PQ significantly induced motor dysfunction (muscle rigidity and hypolocomotion), showed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation level, and depleted the levels of GSH, CAT, and reduced GSH. Daily administration of AEMK significantly improved motor performance and also significantly attenuated oxidative damage.
Conclusion: The study proved that MK treatment significantly attenuated motor defects and also protected the brain from oxidative stress.