bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating a novel sign’s impact on whether park visitors enter a dangerous river
Authors: Girasek Deborah C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Between 1972 and 2015, 56 visitors to the two national parks that border the Potomac River Gorge experienced fatal drowning. In 2016, the George Washington Memorial Parkway (GWMP), and the Chesapeake and Ohio National Historical Park (CHOH) partnered with a researcher to see if enhancement of their risk communication strategies could reduce behaviors that contribute to these deaths.

Methods
An experimental sign, which informed visitors that water entry was illegal and could result in a fine exceeding $200 was developed, and displayed on alternating weekend days from July 30 to September 11, 2016. Those signs were displayed at each park’s entrance, on restroom doors, at trailheads, and at both shorelines of the Potomac. At other times the experimental signs were covered, but a standard safety sign was always present. Cameras were used to record water entries.

Results
Cameras captured 1441 images. Approximately 2% of the images in CHOH and 1% of the images in GWMP showed a visitor in the water. Our multivariate analysis revealed that air temperature, beach count, and sign condition were significantly associated with water entry. When our experimental sign was displayed, the odds of an image showing someone in the water was reduced by 63%.

Conclusions
A sign alerting park visitors to the fact that water entry is illegal, and could potentially result in a considerable fine, was associated with significantly reduced risk-taking. While intuitive, this finding is a reminder to consider whether warnings that focus on non-health consequences might be more salient to at-risk populations.
A review of challenges and solutions in the preparation and use of magnetorheological fluids
Authors: Kumar James Sathya , Paul P. Sam , Raghunathan Girish , Alex Divin George 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis review of MRF (magnetorheological fluids or MR fluids) brings out the challenges in methods of preparation, difficulties encountered in storage and use, and possible solutions to overcome the challenges.Magnetorheological fluid in the rheological fluid domain has found use due to its ability to change its shear strength based on the applied magnetic field. Magnetorheological fluids are composed of magnetizable micron-sized iron particles and a non-magnetizable base or carrier fluid along with additives to counter sedimentation and agglomeration.Magnetorheological fluids can respond to external stimuli by undergoing changes in physical properties thus enabling several improved modifications in the existing technology enhancing their application versatility and utility. Thus, magnetorheological fluid, a rheological material whose viscosity undergoes apparent changes on application of magnetic field, is considered as a smart material. Such materials can be used for active and semi-active control of engineering systems.Many studies on the designs of systems incorporating MR fluids, mainly for vibration control and also for other applications including brakes, clutches, dynamometers, aircraft landing gears, and helicopter lag dampers, have emerged over last couple of decades. However, the preparation as well as the maintenance of magnetorheological fluids involves several challenges. Sedimentation is a major challenge, even when stored for moderate periods of time. A comprehensive review is made on the problems confronted in the preparation of magnetorheological fluids as well as sustenance of the properties, for use, over a long period of time. Other problems encountered include agglomeration and in-use thickening (IUT) as well as rusting and crusting. Of interest is the mitigation of these problems so as to prepare fluids with satisfactory properties, and such solutions are reviewed here. The control of magnetorheological fluids and the applications of interest are also reviewed.The review covers additives for overcoming challenges in the preparation and use of magnetorheological fluids that include incrustation, sedimentation, agglomeration, and also oxidation of the particles. The methodology to prepare the fluid along with the process for adding selected additives was reviewed. The results showed an improvement in the reduction of sedimentation and other problems decreasing comparatively. A set of additives for addressing the specific challenges has been summarized. Experiments were carried out to establish the sedimentation rates for compositions with varying fractions of additives.The review also analyzes briefly the gaps in studies on MR fluids and covers present developments and future application areas such as haptic devices.
Filiform polyposis with sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Okuno Takayuki , Kanazawa Takamitsu , Kishi Hirohisa , Anzai Hiroyuki , Yasuda Koji , Ishihara Soichiro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Filiform polyposis is a rare form of inflammatory polyposis, which is occasionally formed in the colon of patients with history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is characterized by presence of several to hundreds of slender, worm-like polyps in the colon lined by histologically normal colonic mucosa and often coalesce, resulting in a tumor-like mass. Filiform polyposis is most frequently associated with a post-inflammatory reparative process in patients with IBD history, and only cases of filiform polyposis occurring in patients without IBD history have been reported. Filiform polyposis has been considered as a benign inflammatory polyposis without any risk of dysplasia, while the possibility of carcinogenesis of inflammatory polyps is not fully excluded. To date, only three cases of filiform polyposis coexisting with dysplasia have been reported.

Case presentation
A 59-year-old male patient with no past medical history of IBD underwent laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for obstructive filiform polyposis, which was associated with sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma. Based on the histological findings of the resected specimen, invasive sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma was surrounded by filiform polyposis, and adenocarcinoma also scattered uniformly on the surface of filiform polyposis. In immunohistochemistry, abnormal p53 expression was observed in adenocarcinoma, while it was not shown in mucosa on filiform polyposis.

Conclusions
This is the fourth case of filiform polyposis that is closely associated with colon dysplasia or adenocarcinoma based on histological findings. However, immunohistochemical findings did not support the theory that inflammation initiates adenocarcinoma in filiform polyposis like IBD. Hence, further immunohistochemical and genetic analyses are needed to clarify the association between filiform polyposis and carcinogenesis.
Patients’ and researchers’ experiences with a patient board for a clinical trial on urinary tract infections
Authors: Schilling Imke , Behrens Heike , Bleidorn Jutta , Gágyor Ildikó , Hugenschmidt Claudia , Jilani Hannah , Schmiemann Guido , Gerhardus Ansgar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) has become an essential part of the design, conduct, and dissemination of research. While researchers who employed PPI mainly report on the positive aspects, in practice PPI is still an exception in clinical trials in Germany. There are specific challenges in the process of involvement that can jeopardize the conduct of involvement. The aim of our study was to analyze the experience of patients and researchers with PPI in a clinical trial in Germany, so we could learn more about potential challenges and how they could be addressed.MethodsWe established a patient board for a randomized controlled trial on urinary tract infections, where patients and researchers regularly met to discuss relevant aspects of the trial. Minutes were taken for each meeting and the moderator also noted her observations in a postscript. After four meetings, we conducted two focus groups, one each with the patients and researchers. We analyzed and categorized the minutes, postscripts, and focus group transcripts using thematic qualitative text analysis.ResultsPatients and researchers felt comfortable with the composition of the patient board and its’ atmosphere. In terms of challenges, patients and researchers needed time to get familiar with PPI. Both parties saw a need for training in PPI but differed in their views on the relevant topics. Patients wished to learn more about their role and tasks within the board at the onset of the PPI. They also preferred to meet more frequently and get more intensely involved in the trial. In contrast, researchers perceived that they were already highly involved. They further felt that the involvement was of benefit to them, the trial and future research. Patients described benefits for themselves, but also wondered if their involvement had had an impact on the trial.ConclusionsTo facilitate effective PPI, resources, adequate structures, and training are needed. Patients and researchers need to agree on their respective roles, training needs, and the mode of cooperation right at the beginning. The parties involved should continuously reflect on the actual benefits of PPI, describe them explicitly and make them transparent for all.
Optimization of some fermentation conditions for bioethanol production from microalgae using response surface method
Authors: El-Mekkawi Samar A. , Abdo Sayeda M. , Samhan Farag A. , Ali Gamila H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlgal biomass fermentation is one of the promising alternatives for bioethanol production. The bioethanol yield relies on fermentation conditions as the algal biomass amount, the yeast volume (% v/v), and the fermentation time. In this work, algal biomass harvested from a pilot-scale high rate algal pond (HRAP) was fermented anaerobically using immobilizedSaccharomyces cerevisiae(ATCC 4126). The HRAP was constructed at the Zenin wastewater treatment plant (WTP), Giza, Egypt. A separate hydrolysis fermentation process (SHF) was applied for algal biomass. The effect of the algal biomass amount, the yeast volume (% v/v), and the time of fermentation as three independent variables were studied simultaneously and analyzed statistically using Design-Expert software V6.0.8.ResultsThe harvested algal biomass from HRAP contains 45% carbohydrates and was dominated byMicrocystissp.The results revealed that optimum bioethanol yield 18.57 g/L is achieved by fermenting 98.7 g/L algae using 15.09% of the volume immobilized yeast for 43.6 h with a 95% confidence interval.ConclusionMicroalgae grown on wastewater are a promising source of bioethanol production. Maximizing the ethanol production is achieved by optimizing the fermentation parameters as algal biomass, fermentation time, and yeast volume percent. The simultaneous optimization of the parameters using a statistical program is an effective way to maximize the production and predict a model that describes the relationship between these parameters and their response. The prospective research is going to study the effect of these predicted parameters on continuous fermentation on the semi-pilot scale.
New directions in socioscientific issues research
Authors: Zeidler Dana L. , Herman Benjamin C. , Sadler Troy D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe socioscientific issues framework has proven to have a significant impact over the last two decades on many areas related to the development of functional scientific literacy in students. In this article, we summarize and synthesize recent trends in socioscientific issues research that impact both disciplinary and interdisciplinary science education research. These trends represent science-in-context investigations that we propose are advanced by three broad and interrelated areas of research including: 1) Socioscientific Issues and the Central Role of Socioscientific Reasoning; 2) Socioscientific Issues and the Primacy of Socioscientific Perspective Taking; and, 3) Socioscientific Issues and the Importance of Informal and Place-Based Contexts. We discuss the most recent research in those areas and explore the educational significance these new trends.
MR diffusion tensor imaging of the spinal cord: can it help in early detection of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and assessment of its severity?
Authors: Hassan Talaat Ahmed Abd El Hameed , Assad Ramy Edward , Belal Shaimaa Atef 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate the potential application of MR diffusion tensor imaging (with calculation of fractional anisotropy (FA) values) in assessment of the spondylotic cervical spinal canal compromise and comparison with the information issued from conventional MR sequences for early detection of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Thirty patients (11 males and 19 females) were included in this study; age ranged from 22 to 70 years (mean age = 44). All patients had conventional and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) examinations of the cervical spine for detection and assessment of degree of cervical cord myelopathy. FA values of the whole cord circumference and at 3, 6, 9, 12 o’clock positions of the normal cord (opposite to C2), opposite to the most affected disc, and below the level of the most affected disc were measured.ResultsHigh statistically significantPvalues were obtained when comparing the FA values of the normal cord with the cord opposite to the most affected disc, the normal cord with the cord below the affected disc and the cord at the level of the most affected disc with the cord below the level of the most affected disc.ConclusionsDTI of the cervical spinal cord with FA measurement in patients with cervical spondylosis helps in early detection of cervical cord compressive myelopathy prior to appearance of changes in conventional MRI, which can improve the clinical outcome and help in treatment plans.
Effect of External Electric Fields on the Oxidation Reaction of Olefins by Fe(IV)OCl–Porphyrin Complexes
Authors: Ma Zhifeng , Nakatani Naoki , Fujii Hiroshi , Hada Masahiko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInsights of environmental perturbation (an external electric field, EEF) are complicated but important in terms of experiments. In this paper, we report theoretical results of the effect of an EEF on olefin epoxidation by an Fe(IV)OCl–porphyrin complex using density functional theory. The EEF along the electron flow greatly affects the potential energy profile, and thereby affects the reaction mechanism and stabilization of the species. The results show that a negative EEF catalyzes ethylene epoxidation, whereas a positive EEF inhibits the reaction. Moreover, an EEF can exchange the ground state with the low-lying excited states. Therefore, the potential energy profile along the epoxidation reaction is mainly modified by the electron transfer from ethylene to the Fe(IV)OCl–porphyrin complex.
Catalytic Synthesis of Isoquinolines via Intramolecular Migration of N-Aryl Sulfonyl Groups on 1,5-Yne-Imines
Authors: Hoshimoto Yoichi , Nishimura Chika , Sasaoka Yukari , Kumar Ravindra , Ogoshi Sensuke 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Isoquinolines are ubiquitous structural motifs in a variety of bioactive compounds, including medicinal agents and natural products. The development of novel strategies for the preparation of isoquinolines using non-toxic organocatalysts is thus worthwhile. Herein, we report a simple amine-catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of isoquinolines from 1,5-yne-imines via the intramoleular migration of an N-aryl sulfonyl group to the carbon atom of the alkyne moiety.
Retracted: An application study of CT perfusion imaging in assessing metastatic involvement of perigastric lymph nodes in patients with T1 gastric cancer
Authors: Sun Zongqiong , Hu Shudong , Li Jie , Wang Teng , Xie Zhihui , Jin Linfang 
Published: November 2019

Objective:
To assess metastatic involvement of perigastric lymph nodes (PLNs) in patients with T1 gastric cancer by using CT perfusion imaging (CTPI).

Methods:
A total of 82 annotated PLNs of 33 patients with T1 gastric cancer confirmed by endoscopic ultrasonography underwent CTPI and portal phase CT scan before operation. The scan data were post-processed to acquire perfusion maps and calculate perfusion parameters including blood flow (BF) and permeability surface (PS). A radiologist measured the short axis diameters and perfusion parameters of PLNs. According to the post-operative pathology result, PLNs were divided into two groups: metastatic and inflammatory LNs. Perfusion parameters values and the size of PLNs between two groups were respectively compared statistically by t-test, and a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimal diagnostic cut-off value with sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve.

Results:
Examined 82 PLNs were metastatic in 45 (54.9%) and inflammatory in 37 (45.1%). The mean values of perfusion parameters and the short axis diameters in metastatic and inflammatory PLNs, respectively, were BF of 97.48 vs 81.21 ml/100 mg /min (p &lt; 0.001), PS of 45.11 vs 36.80 ml/100 mg /min (p &lt; 0.001), and the size of 1.51 cm vs 1.29 cm (p = 0.059). The sensitivity of 84.4%, specificity of 67.6% and area under the curve of 0.826 for BF with cut-off value of 88.89 ml/100 mg /min for differentiating metastatic from inflammatory nodes were higher than those of PS or the size of PLNs (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion:
CT perfusion parameters values were different between metastatic and inflammatory PLNs in T1 gastric cancer. BF value may be the most reliable diagnostic marker of metastatic PLNs, and it is helpful for clinicians to choose treatment modality or management plan in T1 gastric cancer patients.

Advances in knowledge:
CTPI gives information on vascularization of LNs.
BF value might be a more effective marker than PS or the size of LNs for differentiating metastatic from inflammatory LNs in patients with T1 gastric cancer.
Reliability and accuracy of segmentation of mandibular condyles from different three-dimensional imaging modalities: a systematic review
Authors: Kim Justin J. , Nam Hyejin , Kaipatur Neelambar R. , Major Paul W. , Flores-Mir Carlos , Lagravere Manuel O. , Romanyk Daniel L. 
Published: November 2019

Objective: To critically synthesize the literature surrounding segmentation of the mandibular condyle using three-dimensional imaging modalities. Specifically, analyzing the reliability and accuracy of methods used for three-dimensional condyle segmentation. Methods: Three electronic databases were searched for studies reporting the reliability and accuracy of various methods used to segment mandibular condyles from three-dimensional imaging modalities. Two authors independently reviewed articles for eligibility and data extraction. Results: Nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Eight studies assessed the condylar segmentation from CBCT images and limited studies were available on non-CBCT three-dimensional imaging modalities. Threshold-based volume segmentation, manual segmentation, and semi-automatic segmentation techniques were presented. Threshold-based volume segmentation reported higher accuracy when completed by an experienced technician compared to clinicians. Adequate reliability and accuracy were observed in manual segmentation. Although adequate reliability was reported in semi-automatic segmentation, data on its accuracy were lacking. Conclusion: A definitive conclusion with regards to which current technique is most reliable and accurate to efficiently segment the mandibular condyle cannot be made with the currently available evidence. This is especially true in terms of non-CBCT imaging modalities with very limited literature available.
Quercetin attenuates acute predator stress exposure-evoked innate fear and behavioral perturbation
Authors: Anggreini Putri , Ardianto Chrismawan , Rahmadi Mahardian , Khotib Junaidi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of mental diseases, such as depression or anxiety. Psychological stress induced by predatory stimulus is one of the models that explain how induced affective behavior is manifested as a depression-like state. Quercetin is a flavonoid that exhibits potential pharmacological activity on mental diseases. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of quercetin on innate fear and affective behavior induced by repeated predator stress exposure on mice.

Materials and methods
ICR mice were exposed to predatory stress for 3 days. Quercetin at a dose of 50 mg/kg was given intraperitoneally along with stress induction. The freezing behavior during the stress induction was analyzed. The anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors and cognitive and motor functions were examined on the last day of induction.

Results
Predatory stress increased the affective behaviors (anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors) and produced freezing behavior without alterations in the cognitive function and exploratory behavior. Treatment with quercetin 50 mg/kg attenuated the freezing, anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors.

Conclusions
Repeated predator stress exposure causes both innate fear and depression-like state for the prey animals. Quercetin may have a protective effect against depression and alleviates the fear of traumatic events.
Schlachtgebete – das Beispiel der spätmittelalterlichen Eidgenossenschaft
Authors: Landolt Oliver 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In medieval Switzerland, war prayers were an important ritual that was performed both before battle and after a victory. Swiss troops prayed the Lord’s Prayer and the Hail Mary five times each, kneeling down and stretching out their arms in a prescribed posture. This posture, together with the quintuple repetition of the prayers, evokes the Passion of Christ and his five wounds. The Swiss troops thought of the correct performance of this prayer ritual as crucial for their military success. The Swiss battle prayer also partly constituted a tactical means that was employed to scare or delude enemies unfamiliar with the ritual. From the early 16th century onwards, German humanist scholars criticized this prayer ritual as an act of superstition and uttered their disconcertment concerning the underlying belief of the Swiss that they were God’s chosen people.
Synagoge oder Studierzimmer? Ein jüdischer Gebetsraum des 13. Jahrhunderts in Erfurt
Authors: Perlich Barbara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the early 12th century, a Jewish community first settled in the medieval city of Erfurt (Thuringia). The synagogue, the mikvah (ritual bath), and several private dwellings of this community are preserved until today. A room in one of the private houses formerly inhabited by Jews has a wooden beam ceiling, dating from 1244, which is colourfully painted with tendrils, leaves and blossoms. This ceiling was added to the room together with other extensive refurbishments: the former door in the eastern wall was replaced with a built-in cupboard, a new door as well as a recess for an oil lamp were added to the northern wall, and the room received an oriel window. Furthermore, the ceiling shows the remains of suspensions for lamps, and traces of shelves are still visible on the walls. As an ensemble, these alterations suggest that the chamber was converted into a prayer room in the mid-13th century. As the only preserved example of a medieval Jewish private room for prayer, it constitutes an important source for understanding Jewish piety in the German-speaking lands.