bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole‐blood dysregulation of actin‐cytoskeleton pathway in adult spinal muscular atrophy patients
Authors: Siranosian Jennifer J. , Nery Flavia C. , Alves Christiano R. R. , Siranosian Benjamin A. , Lyons Nicholas J. , Eichelberger Eric J. , Garner Reid , Da Silva Duarte Lepez Salomé , Johnstone Alec J. , Subramanian Aravind , Swoboda Kathryn J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveRecent advances in therapeutics have improved prognosis for severely affected spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1 and 2 patients, while the best method of treatment for SMA type 3 patients with later onset of disease is unknown. To better characterize the SMA type 3 population and provide potential therapeutic targets, we aimed to understand gene expression differences in whole blood of SMA type 3 patients (n = 31) and age‐ and gender‐matched controls (n = 34).MethodsWe performed the first large‐scale whole blood transcriptomic screen with L1000, a rapid, high‐throughput gene expression profiling technology that uses 978 landmark genes to capture a representation of the transcriptome and predict expression of 9196 additional genes.ResultsThe primary downregulated KEGG pathway in adult SMA type 3 patients was "Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton,” and downregulated expression of key genes in this pathway, including ROCK1, RHOA, and ACTB, was confirmed in the same whole blood samples using RT‐qPCR. SMA type 3 patient‐derived fibroblasts had lower expression of these genes compared to control fibroblasts from unaffected first‐degree relatives. Overexpression of SMN levels using an AAV vector in fibroblasts did not normalize ROCK1, RHOA, and ACTB mRNA expression, indicating the involvement of additional genes in cytoskeleton dynamic regulation.InterpretationOur findings from whole blood and patient‐derived fibroblasts suggest SMA type 3 patients have decreased expression of actin cytoskeleton regulators. These observations provide new insights and potential therapeutic targets for SMA patients with longstanding denervation and secondary musculoskeletal pathophysiology.
Flexible Electronics and Materials for Synchronized Stimulation and Monitoring in Multi‐Encephalic Regions
Authors: Ling Wei , Yu Jingxian , Ma Ning , Li Ya , Wu Ziyue , Liang Rong , Hao Yafeng , Pan Huizhuo , Liu Wentao , Fu Bo , Wang Kun , Wang Hanjie , Li Lizhu , Sheng Xing , Peng Hui , Ning Baoan , Yang Jiajia , Huang Xian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSimultaneous neuron stimulation and biophysiological sensing in multi‐encephalic regions can lead to profound understanding of neural pathways, neurotransmitter transportation, and nutrient metabolism. Here, a flexible electronic device with tentacle‐like channels radiating from a central wireless circuit is presented. The device is constructed by different organic and inorganic materials that have been made into thin‐film or nanoparticle formats. All channels have been equipped with flexible components for distributed and synchronized opto‐electrical stimulation, biopotential sensing, and ion concentration monitoring. They can be implanted into different brain regions through adaptive bending and individually addressed to follow programmable working sequences. Experimental results conducted in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated the capability in generating optical or electrical stimulation, while sensing 16‐channels biopotential and concentration of Ca2+, Na+, and K+ ions in distributed regions. Behavior and immunohistochemistry studies suggest potential applications in regulating brain functions for freely moving animals. In combination with various functional materials, the device can serve as a comprehensive research platform that can be modularized to accommodate different needs for brain studies, offering numerous possibilities and combinations to yield sophisticated neuromodulation and behavior regulation.
3D Bioprinting of Oxygenated Cell‐Laden Gelatin Methacryloyl Constructs
Authors: Erdem Ahmet , Darabi Mohammad Ali , Nasiri Rohollah , Sangabathuni Sivakoti , Ertas Yavuz Nuri , Alem Halima , Hosseini Vahid , Shamloo Amir , Nasr Ali S. , Ahadian Samad , Dokmeci Mehmet R. , Khademhosseini Ali , Ashammakhi Nureddin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCell survival during the early stages of transplantation and before new blood vessels formation is a major challenge in translational applications of 3D bioprinted tissues. Supplementing oxygen (O2) to transplanted cells via an O2 generating source such as calcium peroxide (CPO) is an attractive approach to ensure cell viability. Calcium peroxide also produces calcium hydroxide that reduces the viscosity of bioinks, which is a limiting factor for bioprinting. Therefore, adapting this solution into 3D bioprinting is of significant importance. In this study, a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) bioink that is optimized in terms of pH and viscosity is developed. The improved rheological properties lead to the production of a robust bioink suitable for 3D bioprinting and controlled O2 release. In addition, O2 release, bioprinting conditions, and mechanical performance of hydrogels having different CPO concentrations are characterized. As a proof of concept study, fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes are bioprinted using CPO containing GelMA bioink. Viability and metabolic activity of printed cells are checked after 7 days of culture under hypoxic condition. The results show that the addition of CPO improves the metabolic activity and viability of cells in bioprinted constructs under hypoxic condition.
Targeted Heating of Mitochondria Greatly Augments Nanoparticle‐Mediated Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Xu Jiangsheng , Shamul James G. , Wang Hai , Lin John , Agarwal Pranay , Sun Mingrui , Lu Xiongbin , Tkaczuk Katherine H. R. , He Xiaoming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCancer is the second leading cause of mortality globally. Various nanoparticles have been developed to improve the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, and their combination for treating cancer. However, most of the existing nanoparticles are low in both subcellular precision and drug loading content (<≈5%), and the effect of targeted heating of subcellular organelles on the enhancement of chemotherapy has not been well explored. Here, a hybrid Py@Si‐TH nanoparticle is reported to first target cancer cells overexpressed with the variant CD44 via its natural ligand HA on the outermost surface of the nanoparticle before cellular uptake, and then target mitochondria after they are taken up inside cells. In addition, the nanoparticle is ultraefficient for encapsulating doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) to form Py@Si‐TH‐DOX nanoparticle. The encapsulation efficiency is ≈100% at the commonly used low feeding ratio of 1:20 (DOX:empty nanoparticle), and >80% at an ultrahigh feeding ratio of 1:1. In combination with near infrared (NIR, 808 nm) laser irradiation, the tumor weight in the Py@Si‐TH‐DOX treatment group is 8.5 times less than that in the Py@Si‐H‐DOX (i.e., DOX‐laden nanoparticles without mitochondrial targeting) group, suggesting targeted heating of mitochondria is a valuable strategy for enhancing chemotherapy to combat cancer.
A Magnetic Iron Oxide/Polydopamine Coating Can Improve Osteogenesis of 3D‐Printed Porous Titanium Scaffolds with a Static Magnetic Field by Upregulating the TGFβ‐Smads Pathway
Authors: Huang Zhenfei , He Yu , Chang Xiao , Liu Jieying , Yu Lingjia , Wu Yuanhao , Li Yaqian , Tian Jingjing , Kang Lin , Wu Di , Wang Hai , Wu Zhihong , Qiu Guixing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract3D‐printed porous titanium–aluminum–vanadium (Ti6Al4V, pTi) scaffolds offer surgeons a good option for the reconstruction of large bone defects, especially at the load‐bearing sites. However, poor osteogenesis limits its application in clinic. In this study, a new magnetic coating is successfully fabricated by codepositing of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and polydopamine (PDA) on the surface of 3D‐printed pTi scaffolds, which enhances cell attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in vitro and new bone formation of rabbit femoral bone defects in vivo with/without a static magnetic field (SMF). Furthermore, through proteomic analysis, the enhanced osteogenic effect of the magnetic Fe3O4/PDA coating with the SMF is found to be related to upregulate the TGFβ‐Smads signaling pathway. Therefore, this work provides a simple protocol to improve the osteogenesis of 3D‐printed porous pTi scaffolds, which will help their application in clinic.
All‐Aqueous‐Processed Injectable In Situ Forming Macroporous Silk Gel Scaffolds for Minimally Invasive Intracranial and Osteological Therapies
Authors: Liu Keyin , Fan Zhen , Wang Tianji , Gao Zhiheng , Zhong Junjie , Xiang Geng , Lei Wei , Shi Zhifeng , Feng Yafei , Mao Ying , Tao Tiger H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHydrogels are widely utilized in regenerative medicine for drug delivery and tissue repair due to their superior biocompatibility and high similarity to the extracellular matrix. For minimally invasive therapies, in situ forming gel scaffolds are desirable, but technical challenges remain to be overcome to achieve the balance between tissue‐like strength and cell‐sized porosity, especially for intracranial and osteological therapies. Here, a new method—inspired by the liquid crystalline spinning process in natural silk fibers—is reported for preparing injectable silk gel scaffolds with favorable preclinical efficacy and unique characteristics including 1) in situ gelling for minimally invasive surgeries, 2) controllable porosity for efficient cellular infiltration and desirable degradation, 3) resilient and tunable mechanical properties that are compatible with the modulus regime of native soft tissues, and 4) all‐aqueous processing that avoids toxic solvents and enables facile loading of bioactive agents. Moreover, hierarchically structured heterogeneous silk gel scaffolds with variable porosity and bioactive agent gradients within 3D matrices can be achieved for sustained drug release and guided tissue regeneration. Preclinical efficacy studies in rodent models show efficient bacterium and glioma inhibition and positive effects on bone regeneration and vascularization.
Room‐Temperature All‐Liquid‐Metal Batteries Based on Fusible Alloys with Regulated Interfacial Chemistry and Wetting
Authors: Ding Yu , Guo Xuelin , Qian Yumin , Xue Leigang , Dolocan Andrei , Yu Guihua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLiquid metal batteries are regarded as potential electrochemical systems for stationary energy storage. Currently, all reported liquid metal batteries need to be operated at temperatures above 240 °C to maintain the metallic electrodes in a molten state. Here, an unprecedented room‐temperature liquid metal battery employing a sodium–potassium (Na–K) alloy anode and gallium (Ga)‐based alloy cathodes is demonstrated. Compared with lead (Pb)‐ and mercury (Hg)‐based liquid metal electrodes, the nontoxic Ga alloys maintain high environmental benignity. On the basis of improved wetting and stabilized interfacial chemistry, such liquid metal batteries deliver stable cycling performance and negligible self‐discharge. Different from the conventional interphase between a typical solid electrode and a liquid electrolyte, the interphase between a liquid metal and a liquid electrolyte is directly visualized via advanced 3D chemical analysis. Insights into this new type of liquid electrode/electrolyte interphase reveal its important role in regulating charge carriers and stabilizing the redox chemistry. With facile cell fabrication, simplified battery structures, high safety, and low maintenance costs, room‐temperature liquid metal batteries not only show great prospects for widespread applications, but also offer a pathway toward developing innovative energy‐storage devices beyond conventional solid‐state batteries or high‐temperature batteries.
Photoinduced Temperature Gradients in Sub‐Wavelength Plasmonic Structures: The Thermoplasmonics of Nanocones
Authors: Cunha Joao , Guo Tian‐Long , Koya Alemayehu Nana , Toma Andrea , Prato Mirko , Della Valle Giuseppe , Alabastri Alessandro , Proietti Zaccaria Remo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlasmonic structures are renowned for their capability to efficiently convert light into heat at the nanoscale. However, despite the possibility to generate deep sub‐wavelength electromagnetic hot spots, the formation of extremely localized thermal hot spots is an open challenge of research, simply because of the diffusive spread of heat along the whole metallic nanostructure. Here this challenge is tackled by exploiting single gold nanocones. It is theoretically shown how these structures can indeed realize extremely high temperature gradients within the metal, leading to deep sub‐wavelength thermal hot spots, owing to their capability of concentrating light at the apex under resonant conditions even under continuous wave illumination. A 3D finite element method model is employed to study the electromagnetic field in the structure and subsequent thermoplasmonic behavior, in terms of the 3D temperature distribution. How the latter is affected by nanocone size, shape, and composition of the surrounding environment is shown. Finally, the use of photoinduced temperature gradients in nanocones is anticipated for applications in optofluidics and thermoelectrics or for thermally induced nanofabrication.
Carbon isotope discrimination association with yield and test weight in Pacific Northwest–adapted spring and winter wheat
Authors: Shrestha Surya L. , Garland‐Campbell Kimberly A. , Steber Camille M. , Hulbert Scot H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDue to considerable influence of environment on yield, breeding for drought tolerance could benefit from focusing on selection of more heritable physiological traits, such as carbon isotope discrimination (as measured by delta, ∆) for indirectly assessing water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Spring and winter wheat cultivars were assayed for ∆, and these values were used to determine the relationships with performance in over 13 environments in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The correlation coefficients of ∆ values between the wheat cultivars grown in different environments ranged from 0.11 to 0.73 for both spring and winter wheat. There was significant genotypic variation for ∆ in soft spring and hard winter wheat but not in hard spring and soft winter wheat. The ∆ values were poor indicators of yield for this set of wheat cultivars in most environments, although low values (better WUE) were sometimes correlated with yield. A population of 165 hard spring wheat recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between two hard spring wheat varieties that differed in ∆ was also screened in low‐rainfall dryland and irrigated environments. High yields in this recombinant inbred population were weakly correlated with high ∆ values or low WUE in most environments.
Elucidating Epigenetic Regulation by Identifying Functional cis‐Acting Long Noncoding RNAs and Their Targets in Osteoarthritic Articular Cartilage
Authors: van Hoolwerff Marcella , Metselaar Paula I. , Tuerlings Margo , Suchiman H. Eka D. , Lakenberg Nico , Ramos Yolande F.M. , Cats Davy , Nelissen Rob G.H.H. , Broekhuis Demiën , Mei Hailiang , de Almeida Rodrigo Coutinho , Meulenbelt Ingrid 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo identify robustly differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with osteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology in cartilage and to explore potential target messenger RNA (mRNA) by establishing coexpression networks, followed by functional validation.MethodsRNA sequencing was performed on macroscopically lesioned and preserved OA cartilage from patients who underwent joint replacement surgery due to OA (n = 98). Differential expression analysis was performed on lncRNAs that were annotated in GENCODE and Ensembl databases. To identify potential interactions, correlations were calculated between the identified differentially expressed lncRNAs and the previously reported differentially expressed protein‐coding genes in the same samples. Modulation of chondrocyte lncRNA expression was achieved using locked nucleic acid GapmeRs.ResultsBy applying our in‐house pipeline, we identified 5,053 lncRNAs that were robustly expressed, of which 191 were significantly differentially expressed (according to false discovery rate) between lesioned and preserved OA cartilage. Upon integrating mRNA sequencing data, we showed that intergenic and antisense differentially expressed lncRNAs demonstrate high, positive correlations with their respective flanking sense genes. To functionally validate this observation, we selected P3H2‐AS1, which was down‐regulated in primary chondrocytes, resulting in the down‐regulation of P3H2 gene expression levels. As such, we can confirm that P3H2‐AS1 regulates its sense gene P3H2.ConclusionBy applying an improved detection strategy, robustly differentially expressed lncRNAs in OA cartilage were detected. Integration of these lncRNAs with differential mRNA expression levels in the same samples provided insight into their regulatory networks. Our data indicate that intergenic and antisense lncRNAs play an important role in regulating the pathophysiology of OA.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C−H Iodination of Arenes by Means of Sulfinyl Directing Groups
Authors: Saito Hayate , Yamamoto Keita , Sumiya Yosuke , Liu Ling‐Jun , Nogi Keisuke , Maeda Satoshi , Yorimitsu Hideki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractC−H iodination of aromatic compounds has been accomplished with the aid of sulfinyl directing groups under palladium catalysis. The reaction proceeds selectively at theperi‐position of polycyclic aryl sulfoxides or at theortho‐position of phenyl sulfoxides. The iodination products can be further converted via iterative catalytic cross‐coupling at the expense of the C−I and C−S bonds. Computational studies suggest thatperi‐C−H palladation would proceed via a non‐directed pathway, wherein neither of the sulfur nor oxygen atom of the sulfinyl group coordinates to the palladium before and at the transition state.
Prognostic factors in children with head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma: A 12‐year retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Wei‐Ling , Huang Dong‐Sheng , Wang Yi‐Zhuo , Hu Hui‐Min , Mei Yan‐Yan , Zhi Tian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionTo identify possible prognostic factors in children with head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS).MethodsA total of 98 patients with head and neck RMS were enrolled in this retrospective study from February 2005 to September 2017. Prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazards model. Survival curves were calculated by Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsAt the study closing date, there were 60 patients alive, 37 patients died, one patient was lost to follow‐up, and 47 patients relapsed. The median disease‐specific survival was 60.00 ± 25.36 months, and the overall survival (OS) rate was 61.9%. Complete remission was associated with a longer disease‐specific survival (86.6%) compared with partial remission (6.7%). In addition, patients with age >3 years had better OS rate (69.0%) compared with age ≤3 years (42.3%). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that chemotherapy efficacy and age were prognostic factors of disease‐specific survival.ConclusionsImprovement in outcome was obtained with comprehensive treatment for head and neck RMS. Both chemotherapy efficacy and age of patients were prognostic factors for children with head and neck RMS, which provide some valuable information for further treatment.
Human resource slack, sustainable innovation, and environmental performance of small and medium‐sized enterprises in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Adomako Samuel , Nguyen Nguyen Phong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite the burgeoning interests in the environmental strategy, there is a limited understanding of how human resource slack drives sustainable innovation and environmental performance. This paper contributes to filling this gap by examining the effect of human resource slack on sustainable innovation and its impact on environmental performance. Besides, this paper investigates the contingent effects of intangible resource advantage on this relationship. The hypotheses are tested using data from 301 small and medium‐sized enterprises in Ghana. The results suggest that human resource slack positively relates to sustainable innovation and this relationship is moderated by intangible resource advantage. Also, we find that sustainable innovation mediates the relationship between human resource slack and environmental performance. The insights from our paper provide a nuanced understanding of the relationships among human resource lack, sustainable innovation, and environmental performance. Implications for theory and practices are discussed.
The bioliq® Entrained‐Flow Gasifier – A Model for the German Energiewende
Authors: Eberhard Mark , Santo Ulrike , Michelfelder Bernd , Günther Armin , Weigand Peter , Matthes Jörg , Waibel Patrick , Hagenmeyer Veit , Kolb Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe bioliq® process was developed at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) for the production of synthetic fuels from dry biomass residues. Biofuels of high quality are produced sustainably in various process steps. This multistage process not only considers the necessity for decentralized supply of the biomass, but also the necessity for a large centralized fuel synthesis that benefits from economy of scale. The entire process chain of pyrolysis, gasification, gas cleaning, and synthesis is operated on a pilot scale at KIT. The high‐pressure entrained‐flow gasifier converts the biomass, pretreated in a fast pyrolysis step, into a synthesis gas for the production of gasoline in the subsequent synthesis step. The first experimental results from the pilot plant are presented in this paper.
The Rieske Oxygenase SnoT Catalyzes 2′′‐Hydroxylation of l‐Rhodosamine in Nogalamycin Biosynthesis
Authors: Nji Wandi Benjamin , Siitonen Vilja , Palmu Kaisa , Metsä‐Ketelä Mikko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNogalamycin is an anthracycline anti‐cancer agent that intercalates into the DNA double helix. The binding is facilitated by two carbohydrate units, l‐nogalose and l‐nogalamine, that interact with the minor and major grooves of DNA, respectively. However, recent investigations have shown that nogalamycin biosynthesis proceeds through the attachment of l‐rhodosamine (2′′‐deoxy‐4′′‐epi‐l‐nogalamine) to the aglycone. Herein, we demonstrate that the Rieske enzyme SnoT catalyzes 2′′‐hydroxylation of l‐rhodosamine as an initial post‐glycosylation step. Furthermore, we establish that the reaction order continues with 2–5′′ carbocyclization and 4′′ epimerization by the non‐heme iron and 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent enzymes SnoK and SnoN, respectively. These late‐stage tailoring steps are important for the bioactivity of nogalamycin due to involvement of the 2′′‐ and 4′′‐hydroxy groups of l‐nogalamine in hydrogen bonding interactions with DNA.
Feasibility of N2 Reduction on the V Anchored 1T−MoS2 Monolayer: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Yang Lei , Chen Fengxiang , Song Erhong , Yuan Zhifei , Xiao Beibei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. BeiBei, Xiao and Lei, Yang (Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, China) as well as Dr. ErHong, Song (Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China). The image shows that the environmental‐friendly N2‐to‐NH3 conversion is achieved by the V decorated MoS2 monolayer with the 1T atomic configuration, featured by the effective electrocatalysis in combination with the good electronic conductivity. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.202000147.