bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Gu Bin , Chu Jianhong , Wu Depei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) therapies have achieved unprecedented efficacy in B-cell tumors, prompting scientists and doctors to exploit this strategy to treat other tumor types. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of heterogeneous myeloid malignancies. Relapse remains the main cause of treatment failure, especially for patients with intermediate or high risk stratification. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation could be an effective therapy because of the graft-versus-leukemia effect, which unfortunately puts the patient at risk of serious complications, such as graft-versus-host disease. Although the identification of an ideal target antigen for AML is challenging, CAR T therapy remains a highly promising strategy for AML patients, particularly for those who are ineligible to receive a transplantation or have positive minimal residual disease. In this review, we focus on the most recent and promising advances in CAR T therapies for AML.
Lean-Burn Natural Gas Engines: Challenges and Concepts for an Efficient Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment System
Authors: Lott Patrick , Deutschmann Olaf 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh engine efficiency, comparably low pollutant emissions, and advantageous carbon dioxide emissions make lean-burn natural gas engines an attractive alternative compared to conventional diesel or gasoline engines. However, incomplete combustion in natural gas engines results in emission of small amounts of methane, which has a strong global warming potential and consequently makes an efficient exhaust gas aftertreatment system imperative. Palladium-based catalysts are considered as most effective in low temperature methane conversion, but they suffer from inhibition by the combustion product water and from poisoning by sulfur species that are typically present in the gas stream. Rational design of the catalytic converter combined with recent advances in catalyst operation and process control, particularly short rich periods for catalyst regeneration, allow optimism that these hurdles can be overcome. The availability of a durable and highly efficient exhaust gas aftertreatment system can promote the widespread use of lean-burn natural gas engines, which could be a key step towards reducing mankind’s carbon footprint.
Spiral trajectories induced by radial thrust with applications to generalized sails
Authors: Bassetto Marco , Quarta Alessandro A. , Mengali Giovanni , Cipolla Vittorio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, new analytical solutions to the equations of motion of a propelled spacecraft are investigated using a shape-based approach. There is an assumption that the spacecraft travels a two-dimensional spiral trajectory in which the orbital radius is proportional to an assigned power of the spacecraft angular coordinate. The exact solution to the equations of motion is obtained as a function of time in the case of a purely radial thrust, and the propulsive acceleration magnitude necessary for the spacecraft to track the prescribed spiral trajectory is found in a closed form. The analytical results are then specialized to the case of a generalized sail, that is, a propulsion system capable of providing an outward radial propulsive acceleration, the magnitude of which depends on a given power of the Sun-spacecraft distance. In particular, the conditions for an outward radial thrust and the required sail performance are quantified and thoroughly discussed. It is worth noting that these propulsion systems provide a purely radial thrust when their orientation is Sun-facing. This is an important advantage from an engineering point of view because, depending on the particular propulsion system, a Sun-facing attitude can be stable or obtainable in a passive way. A case study is finally presented, where the generalized sail is assumed to start the spiral trajectory from the Earth’s heliocentric orbit. The main outcome is that the required sail performance is in principle achievable on the basis of many results available in the literature.
An estimation method for the fuel burn and other performance characteristics of civil transport aircraft during cruise: part 2, determining the aircraft’s characteristic parameters
Authors: Poll D.I.A. , Schumann U. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTA simple yet physically comprehensive and accurate method for the estimation of the cruise fuel burn rate of turbofan powered transport aircraft operating in a general atmosphere was developed in part 1. The method is built on previously published work showing that suitable normalisation reduces the governing relations to a set of near-universal curves. However, to apply the method to a specific aircraft, values must be assigned to six independent parameters and the more accurate these values are the more accurate the estimates will be. Unfortunately, some of these parameters rarely appear in the public domain. Consequently, a scheme for their estimation is developed herein using basic aerodynamic theory and data correlations. In addition, the basic method is extended to provide estimates for cruise lift-to-drag ratio, engine thrust and engine overall efficiency. This step requires the introduction of two more independent parameters, increasing the total number from six to eight. An error estimate and sensitivity analysis indicates that, in the aircraft’s normal operating range and using the present results, estimates of fuel burn rate are expected to be in error by no more than 5% in the majority of cases. Initial estimates of the characteristic parameters have been generated for 53 aircraft types and engine combinations and a table is provided.
Nudge/sludge symmetry: on the relationship between nudge and sludge and the resulting ontological, normative and transparency implications
Authors: MILLS STUART 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA recent development within nudge theory is the concept of sludge, which imposes frictions on decision-making. Nascent literature adopts a normative interpretation of sludge: nudge good, sludge bad. However, this normative interpretation leaves much to be desired. A clear definition and treatment of sludge remains absent from this literature, as is a complete understanding of ‘frictions’. Furthermore, the relationship between nudges and sludges is unclear. This paper proposes the concept of nudge/sludge symmetry in an attempt to advance the conceptual understanding of sludge. Building from the definition of a nudge, three types of friction permissible under nudge theory are identified: hedonic, social and obscurant. Sludge is then positioned, in terms of frictions, relative to nudge: nudges decrease relative frictions, sludges increase relative frictions. A consequence of this proposition is nudge/sludge symmetry – where a nudge decreases the frictions associated with a specific option, sludge is simultaneously imposed on all other options available to a decision-maker. Nudge/sludge symmetry subsequently challenges the normative interpretation of sludge, and so a new framework drawing on the literature on nudges in the private sector is offered, with the choice architect placed at the centre. This new approach to sludge and emphasis on the role of the choice architect, in turn, reaffirms the importance of transparency in public policy interventions.
“Logrolling” in Antarctic governance: Limits and opportunities
Authors: McGee Jeffrey , Arpi Bruno , Jackson Andrew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) is considered a successful example of international governance as it has managed tensions over sovereignty claims, avoided militarisation and dealt with marine resources and environmental protection. Recently, China’s influence and assertiveness in many international institutions have significantly grown. What effect this shift in the international politics will have upon Antarctic governance remains to be seen. However, to further thinking on this issue we explore two current case studies that reveal pressure points within the ATS. First, in the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Australia has proposed marine protected areas off East Antarctica, to which China and several other states have objected. Second, in the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings, China has proposed special management arrangements for the area around the “Kunlun” station, to which Australia and several other states have objected. Negotiation theory suggests “logrolling” (i.e. trade of mutual decision-making support across issue areas) can be an effective strategy to avoid diplomatic deadlocks. We therefore consider the merits of a logrolling strategy for the above issues. We find that while a logrolling strategy in the ATS might facilitate short-term diplomatic success, it would carry significant risks, including the weakening of existing norms.
Co-Creation in an era of Welfare Conditionality – Lessons from Denmark
Authors: LARSEN FLEMMING , CASWELL DORTE 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWelfare conditionality, and the underlying understanding of unemployment because of lack of motivation, has been widely criticized. This article analyses if and how more co-created services can be a pathway to address some of these challenges. As Denmark currently is moving towards a softening of welfare conditionality for the vulnerable unemployed, and local authorities try to develop models ‘in between’ welfare conditionality and genuine user involvement, this constitute a good case for analysing this question. The analysis build on comprehensive ethnographic data from a four-year research- and innovation project in six Danish municipalities. The employment services in the project have tried to design new strategies involving clients in the development and implementation of services. Among other things, this includes developing integrated services, qualifying the meeting and the talk between front-line workers and clients, engaging the employer side and NGO’s outside the public services and promoting other measures to ensure real involvement of the citizens in the processes. The analysis lists some of the potentials and pitfalls in these innovative processes and reflects upon the feasibility of such new type of co-created services.
Needs, barriers and facilitators of older adults towards eHealth in general practice: a qualitative study
Authors: Vergouw Johannes William , Smits-Pelser Hanneke , Kars Marijke C. , van Houwelingen Thijs , van Os-Medendorp Harmieke , Kort Helianthe , Bleijenberg Nienke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
The strain on health care services is increasing due to an ageing population and the increasing prevalence of chronic health conditions. eHealth could contribute to optimise effective and efficient care to older adults with one or more chronic health conditions in the general practice.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to identify the needs, barriers and facilitators amongst community-dwelling older adults (60+) suffering from one or more chronic health conditions, in using online eHealth applications to support general practice services.

Methods:
A qualitative study, using semi-structured followed by think-aloud interviews, was conducted in the Netherlands. The semi-structured interviews, supported by an interview guide were conducted and analysed thematically. The think-aloud method was used to collect data about the cognitive process while the participant was completing a task within online eHealth applications. Verbal analysis according to the Chi approach was conducted to analyse the think-aloud interviews.

Findings:
A total of n = 19 older adults with a mean age of 73 years participated. The ability to have immediate contact with the GP on important health issues was identified as an important need. Identified barriers were non-familiarity with the online eHealth applications and a mismatch of user health needs. The low computer experience resulted in non-familiarity with the online eHealth applications. Faltering applications resulted in participants refusing to participate in the use of online eHealth applications. Convenience, efficiency and the instant availability of eHealth via applications were identified as important facilitators.

Conclusion:
To improve the use and acceptability of eHealth applications amongst older adults in the general practice, the applications should be tailored to meet individual needs. More attention should be given to improving the user-friendliness of these applications and to the promotion of the benefits such as facilitating older adults independent living for longer.
Long noncoding RNA HOXA-AS2 functions as an oncogene by binding to EZH2 and suppressing LATS2 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Authors: Feng Yubin , Hu Shuang , Li Lanlan , Peng Xiaoqing , Chen Feihu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common hematological malignancy in the world. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the development of physiology and pathology. Many reports have shown that lncRNA HOXA cluster antisense RNA 2 (HOXA-AS2) is a carcinogen and plays an important role in many tumors, but little is known about its role in AML. The aim of this study was to explore the potential mechanism and role of HOXA-AS2 in AML. HOXA-AS2 was upregulated in AML cell lines and tissues, and the overexpression of HOXA-AS2 is negatively correlated with the survival of patients. Silencing HOXA-AS2 can inhibit the proliferation and induce differentiation of AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Overexpressing HOXA-AS2 showed the opposite result. Moreover, more in-depth mechanism studies showed that carcinogenicity of HOXA-AS2 exerted mainly through binding with the epigenetic inhibitor Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and then inhibiting the expression of Large Tumor Suppressor 2 (LATS2). Taken together, our findings highlight the important role of HOXA-AS2 in AML, suggesting that HOXA-AS2 may be an effective therapeutic target for patients with AML.
A novel circular RNA, circXPO1, promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression by interacting with IGF2BP1
Authors: Huang Qi , Guo Haifa , Wang Shaodong , Ma Yi , Chen Haiming , Li Hao , Li Jiawei , Li Xiao , Yang Fan , Qiu Mantang , Zhao Song , Wang Jun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStudies have demonstrated that noncoding RNAs play important roles in various types of cancer; however, noncoding RNAs derived from regions of genomic alterations have rarely been explored, especially for circular RNAs (circRNA). Previously, we found several circRNAs were upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tumor tissues by RNA sequencing. Here, we characterized a novel circRNA, circXPO1, in LUAD, which is derived from a well-established cancer therapeutic target, XPO1. circXPO1, is formed by back-splicing of exon 3 and exon 4 of XPO1 gene. circXPO1 was highly expressed in LUAD tissues compared with paired adjacent non-tumor tissues, and high circXPO1 expression correlated with worse overall survival. circXPO1 expression was positively correlated with the XPO1 gene copy number. Mechanically, circXPO1 could bind with IGF2BP1 and enhance CTNNB1 mRNA stability, and subsequently promote LUAD progression. In a LUAD patient-derived xenograft model, intratumoural injection of cholesterol-conjugated siRNA specifically targeting circXPO1 efficiently suppressed tumor growth. To summary, these results suggest that circXPO1 is critical for LUAD progression and may serve as a biomarker for poor prognosis and a therapeutic target. On the other hand, the functional roles of noncoding transcripts derived from coding genes should be re-evaluated.
Gelatine nanostructured lipid carrier encapsulated FGF15 inhibits autophagy and improves recovery in spinal cord injury
Authors: Ying Yibo , Xiang Guangheng , Chen Min , Ye Jiahui , Wu Qiuji , Dou Haicheng , Sheng Sunren , Zhu Sipin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGelatine nanostructured lipid carriers (GNLs) have attracted increasing attention due to their biodegradable status and capacity to capture various biologically active compounds. Many studies demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor therapies after spinal cord injury (SCI) can be used in the future for the recovery of neurons. In this study, the therapeutic effects of GNL-encapsulated fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) and FGF15 were compared in SCI. The FGF15-GNLs had 88.17 ± 1.22% encapsulation efficiency and 4.82 ± 0.12% loading capacity. The effects of FGF15-GNLs and FGF15 were assessed based on the Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (BBB) locomotion scale, inclined plane test and footprint analysis. Immunofluorescent staining was used to identify the expression of autophagy-associated proteins, GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and neurofilament 200 (NF200). FGF15-GNLs use enhanced the repair after SCI compared to the effect of FGF15. The suppression of autophagy-associated proteins LC3-II and beclin-1, and p62 enhancement by FGF15-GNLs treatment were more pronounced. Thus, the effects of FGF15-GNLs on the recovery after SCI are related to the inhibition of autophagy and glial scar, and promotion of nerve regeneration in SCI.
A high-efficiency bioinspired photoelectric-electromechanical integrated nanogenerator
Authors: Liu Sicheng , Liu Xi , Zhou Guilin , Qin Fuxiang , Jing Mingxing , Li Lin , Song Wenlong , Sun Zhuangzhi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCurrently, the key challenge in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is how to efficiently enhance the surface charge density. Here, a new strategy is proposed to increase the surface charge density by comprehensively utilizing solar energy and tidal energy, and a bioinspired photoelectric-electromechanical integrated TENG (Pem-iTENG) is developed. This enhancement of output performance is greatly attributed to the accumulation of photoelectrons from photocatalysis and the triboelectric negative charges from contact electrification. Pem-iTENG shows a maximal open-circuit voltage of 124.2 V and a maximal short-circuit current density of 221.6 μA cm−2 under tidal wave and sunlight, an improvement by nearly a factor of 10 over that of reported TENGs based on solid-liquid contact electrification. More importantly, it exhibits a high energy conversion efficiency according to the evaluation method for solar cells. This work provides insights into development of high-performance TENGs by using different natural energy sources.
The Role of Brown Adipose Tissue in the Development and Treatment of
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Exploratory Gene Expression Study in
Mice
Authors: De Munck Toon J.I. , Xu Pan , Vanderfeesten Brechtje L.J. , Elizalde Montserrat , Masclee Ad A.M. , Nevens Frederik , Cassiman David , Schaap Frank G. , Jonkers Daisy M.A.E. , Verbeek Jef 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBrown adipose tissue (BAT) might be a beneficial mediator in the development
and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We aim to evaluate the
gene expression of BAT activity-related genes during the development and the
dietary and surgical treatment of NASH. BAT was collected from male
C57BL/6J mice that received a high fat-high sucrose diet
(HF-HSD) or a normal chow diet (NCD) for 4 and 20 weeks
(n=8–9 per dietary group and timepoint) and from mice that
underwent dietary intervention (return to NCD) (n=8), roux-en-y
gastric bypass (RYGB) (n=6), or sham procedure (n=6) after
12 weeks HF-HSD. Expression of BAT genes involved in lipid metabolism (Cd36
and Cpt1b; p<0.05) and energy expenditure (Ucp1 and Ucp3;
p<0.05) were significantly increased after 4 weeks HF-HSD compared
with NCD, whereas in the occurrence of NASH after 20 weeks HF-HSD no
difference was observed. We observed no differences in gene expression
regarding lipid metabolism or energy expenditure at 8 weeks after dietary
intervention (no NASH) compared with HF-HSD mice (NASH), nor in mice that
underwent RYGB compared with SHAM. However, dietary intervention and RYGB
both decreased the BAT gene expression of inflammatory cytokines (Il1b,
Tnf-α and MCP-1; p<0.05). Gene expression of the
batokine neuregulin 4 was significantly decreased after 20 weeks
HF-HSD (p<0.05) compared with NCD, but was restored by dietary
intervention and RYGB (p<0.05). In conclusion, BAT is hallmarked by
dynamic alterations in the gene expression profile during the development of
NASH and can be modulated by dietary intervention and bariatric surgery.
Safety and feasibility of laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for duodenal neoplasm: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Nunobe Souya , Ri Motonari , Yamazaki Kimiyasu , Uraoka Masanao , Ohata Ken , Kitazono Iwao , Terashima Masanori , Yamagata Yukinori , Tanabe Satoshi , Abe Nobutsugu , Tsuji Toshikatsu , Niimi Keiko , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Tsukada Tomoya , Kitashiro Shuji , Ishizuka Naoki , Hiki Naoki ,   Society for the Study of Laparoscopic Endoscopic Cooperative Surgery
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background A delayed perforation can often occur after endoscopic treatment for duodenal neoplasms and may be fatal due to leakage of pancreatic and bile juices. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for duodenal neoplasms (D-LECS) in a multicenter, retrospective study.
Methods The clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of 206 patients with duodenal neoplasms in whom D-LECS had initially been attempted at one of 14 institutions were reviewed retrospectively.
Results Of the 206 patients, 63 (30.6 %), 128 (62.1 %), and 15 patients (7.3 %) had lesions at the bulb, second portion, and third portion of the duodenum, respectively. The rates of en bloc and R0 resections during D-LECS were 96.1 % and 95.1 %, respectively. Intraoperative and delayed perforations occurred in 10 (4.9 %) and 5 patients (2.4 %), respectively. No cases of recurrence were observed. Surgical duration of ≥ 180 minutes was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications.
Conclusions The results revealed that D-LECS was performed with oncological safety and technical feasibility.
Energy deposited in the COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 molecule by beams of low energy electrons
Authors: Quiñonez F , Ospina-Henao P A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work we use the software GEANT4 release 10.6.2 to simulate the experimental setup consisting of a monoenergetic beam of electrons hitting on a molecule of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 with protein database identifier: 6vsb. After that we have found the kinetic energy values for the beam, such that the electrons can deposit their maximum amount of energy in the 6vsb molecule. For these kinetic energy values, we have also estimated the electric currents for the beam in vacuum. At the same time, we analysed the fraction of electrons that hit the 6vsb molecule which give us the efficiency of a thought medical treatment. With this early analysis, we aim to understand the physical properties of the coronavirus and set the basis for future analysis involving more molecules from the protein database.