bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency distribution of IL-17A G197A (rs2275913) and IL-17F A7488G (rs763780) polymorphisms among healthy Sudanese population
Authors: Mohamed Nouh S. , Siddig Emmanuel E. , Ahmed Abdallah E. , Albsheer Musab M. A. , Abdelbagi Hanadi , Ali Eman T. , Alsubki Anadel A. , Abdalaziz Sabah A. , Mustafa Madinna , Muneer Mohamed S. , Osman Hussam A. , Osman Maha M. , Ali Mohamed S. , Edris Ali M. M. , Ahmed Ayman , Omer Rihab A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives
IL-17A G197A and IL-17F A7488G polymorphisms has been identified to be associated with the susceptibility to many diseases. This study aimed to investigate the frequency distribution of IL-17A G197A and IL-17F A7488G polymorphisms among healthy Sudanese population. A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based molecular study conducted in different sites throughout Sudan. Two ml blood samples were collected from 717 healthy participants. Demographic data and the medical history of the participants were collected.

Results
Of the 717 participants, 355 (49.5%) were males and 362 (50.5%) were females, their mean age was 30.2 ± 17.2 and 32.2 ± 16.5, respectively. For IL-17A, the most frequent genotype detected among males and females was IL-17A heterozygote allele (AG); 215 (60.6%) and 194 (53.6%), respectively. Whereas, for IL-17F, the most frequent allele among males and females was the homozygote allele (AA); 298 (83.9%) for males and 322 (89.0%) for females. HWE for genotype distributions of IL-17A was showing statistical insignificance for IL-17A among males and females, P value 0.614. While HWE for IL-17F reached the equilibrium level, P value 0.048. The most frequent age group was those aged between 21 to 40 years; 281 (39.2%). Arab constituted the major ethnicity of the study participants; 418 (58.3%), P value 0.034.
Estimation of fault models for short-term slow slip events from groundwater pressure in soft sedimentary layers
Authors: Kitagawa Yuichi , Matsumoto Norio , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeep low-frequency tremors and short-term slow slip events (SSEs) are known to occur along the Nankai Trough in Japan. Although short-term SSEs are thought to occur repeatedly in the northern part of Ise Bay, deep low-frequency tremors are not observed there. Because the area around the northern part of Ise Bay is characterized by soft sedimentary layers not suitable for strainmeter or tiltmeter installation, there are no high-quality crustal deformation observation sites in the area. Accordingly, the local extent of slip of short-term SSEs has not been confirmed. We significantly improved the crustal strain sensitivity of the groundwater level (pressure) in the inner pipe of the observation well at the Hokusei observation site (HKSi, northwest of Ise Bay) by sealing it with a packer. Consequently, we were able to observe groundwater pressure changes related to slow slip at the plate boundary. We estimate that slip of short-term SSEs during July 2016, November 2017, and April 2018 extended to the northern part of Ise Bay. Furthermore, groundwater pressure fluctuations at HKSi in April 2018 greatly improved the SSE fault model, confirming that slow slip occurs in the area, despite the absence of deep low-frequency tremor. The slips without tremors are a characteristic of the northern area of Ise Bay, differing from other areas of the Nankai Trough. Our results demonstrate that groundwater level/pressure fluctuations are a powerful tool for crustal deformation observations in areas characterized by soft sedimentary layers.
Scripting as a pedagogical method to guide collaborative writing: university students’ reflections
Authors: Heinonen Kirsi , De Grez Nore , Hämäläinen Raija , De Wever Bram , van der Meijs Sophie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA collaboration script is a set of instructions used to improve collaborative learning among students in technology-enhanced environments. Previously, university students’ perspective has been under-represented in the study on collaboration scripts. In this article, we focus on understanding students’ experiences in a scripted collaborative writing task, especially from the perspective of following the script. The study was conducted among undergraduate students (N = 91) taking a master-level educational science course at one university each in Finland and Belgium. Divided into 25 groups, each with three to five members, the students worked on collaborative writing tasks. During their shared writing process within these groups, all students were introduced to a four-phase simultaneous sequential integrating construction script (SSCIS). Then, data from the students’ reflection notes on the collaborative writing process were analysed. The thematic analysis revealed that over half of the students highlighted how the introduced script provided them with appropriate support for the writing process; therefore, they used a script-based collaborative writing approach (52%). However, almost as many students (48%) viewed the script as inadequate or even impeding their accomplishment of the mutual writing task; therefore, they chose to deviate from it. In this group of students decided not to follow script-based writing engaged in the collective writing approach (32%), characterised as free form compared to sequential script-based writing. Other students opted for the separate writing approach (16%), leading them to divide the writing assignment into single parts among the group members and to compose the text without authentic collaboration. By focusing on students’ individual reflections, the findings of our study suggest that to enhance script-based learning processes, it is essential to provide guidance for the implementation of the script, additional content-related support or tailored choices.
On the “missing link” between formal organization and informal social structure
Authors: Hunter Starling David , Bentzen Henrik , Taug Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver the last 40 years, organizational scholars have repeatedly called for more research to reconcile formalist and social network approaches to the intra-organizational structure. The former has primarily been concerned with the reporting relationship which manifests as the chain of command while research on the informal social structure relegates the reporting relationship to a wide and varied range of instrumental and affective relationships such as advice-seeking, knowledge-sharing, trust, and friendship which span the boundaries that the chain of command defines. In this study, we employ thechain of command distance—the length along the chain of command of a path connecting a pair of organizational actors—as the basis for formulating and testing hypotheses about how the formal organization and the informal social structure influence one another. First, we argue that whereas the formal structure affords only one, often very lengthy, path between any pair of actors, thecombinationof formal and informal structures results in a greater number of significantly shorter paths between actors. Next, we consider one effect of the formal organization on the informal social structure. In particular, we argue that there is an inverse relationship between the chain of command distance and the likelihood of a social or informal connection forming between a pair of actors. We test our hypotheses with demographic data collected from a public sector provider of health, education, and welfare services in rural Norway.
Degenerative joint disease in the temporomandibular joint with fibrous ankylosis in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Kim Su-Mi , Woo Chang-Gok , Kim Jong-Min 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Ankylosis in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is known to have various etiologies in veterinary medicine. We observed a case of fibrous ankylosis of the TMJ in a newly imported rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).

Case presentation
Moderate to severe attrition was found in the middle labial portion of the left maxillary canine. No tenderness around the jaw was detected in the physical examination. The WBC count, CRP level, rheumatoid factor level, and other parameters were normal. Irregularity in the joint surface was observed in both TMJs in the radiographic and computed tomographic examinations, but the left TMJ presented more severe irregularity. It was determined that the removal of the locked portion of the left canine would alleviate the case of lockjaw and allow intubation with an endotracheal tube. Canine tooth crown reduction was performed for both canine teeth. The mouth opening distance slightly (approximately 5 mm) increased up to 20 mm. We concluded that the attrition of canine teeth was not the reason for lockjaw and ankyloses originating from TMJ disease. Fibrotic synovial tissue and joint surface irregularity were observed by necropsy. The presence of fibrocartilage in most areas of the TMJ was confirmed by histology. The diagnosis was fibrous ankylosis of the TMJ associated with DJD.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of degenerative joint disease of the TMJ in a rhesus monkey with fibrous ankylosis of the TMJ.
Comparative mitogenome analysis of two ectomycorrhizal fungi (Paxillus) reveals gene rearrangement, intron dynamics, and phylogeny of basidiomycetes
Authors: Li Qiang , Ren Yuanhang , Xiang Dabing , Shi Xiaodong , Zhao Jianglin , Peng Lianxin , Zhao Gang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the mitogenomes of two Paxillus species were assembled, annotated and compared. The two mitogenomes of Paxillus involutus and P. rubicundulus comprised circular DNA molecules, with the size of 39,109 bp and 41,061 bp, respectively. Evolutionary analysis revealed that the nad4L gene had undergone strong positive selection in the two Paxillus species. In addition, 10.64 and 36.50% of the repetitive sequences were detected in the mitogenomes of P. involutus and P. rubicundulus, respectively, which might transfer between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Large-scale gene rearrangements and frequent intron gain/loss events were detected in 61 basidiomycete species, which revealed large variations in mitochondrial organization and size in Basidiomycota. In addition, the insertion sites of the basidiomycete introns were found to have a base preference. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined mitochondrial gene set gave identical and well-supported tree topologies, indicating that mitochondrial genes were reliable molecular markers for analyzing the phylogenetic relationships of Basidiomycota. This study is the first report on the mitogenomes of Paxillus, which will promote a better understanding of their contrasted ecological strategies, molecular evolution and phylogeny of these important ectomycorrhizal fungi and related basidiomycete species.
Operational Strategies for Clinical Trials in Africa
Authors: Graef Katy M. , Okoye Ifeoma , Ohene Oti Naomi O. , Dent Jennifer , Odedina Folakemi T. 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE In a dramatic reversal of longstanding trends, cancer now kills more Africans than malaria. Despite Africa’s growing cancer burden, individuals of African descent, notably those residing in Africa, remain drastically under-represented in cancer clinical trials. Two recent summits—the 1st All Africa Clinical Trial Summit and the Operational Strategy for Clinical Trials in Nigeria Summit—convened experts from governments, the private sector, universities, and professional societies to define the barriers to Africa’s participation in multicenter clinical studies and the strategies to eliminate those impedances. METHODS The discussions held during the two clinical trial summits were condensed into a set of 10 recommendations covering five broad categories (funding, regulation, capacity building, Africa-centric approach, and patient engagement). In this article, four programs are presented as examples of how the summits’ recommendations can be put into practice to improve Africa’s ability to attract clinical trials, in particular, cancer clinical trials. RESULTS These example programs all leveraged a multilateral, Africa-driven approach to building Africa’s clinical trial capacity, increasing visibility of Africa’s current clinical trial capabilities and priorities, improving regulatory infrastructure and enforcement on the continent, and optimizing patient and clinician engagement strategies. CONCLUSION The four programs are anticipated to catalyze the involvement of more African health care sites in cancer clinical trials, enroll a greater number of African patients with cancer in those trials, and, ultimately, reverse Africa’s growing cancer incidence and mortality rates. Each program acts as a blueprint for organizations—whether government, academic, or industry—seeking to address the summits’ recommendations and increase Africa’s contributions to and active participation in clinical research.
Authorial Self-Fashioning in a Global Era
Authors: Weightman Frances 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The authorial preface to works of fiction provides a unique space for exploration of authorial self-fashioning and author-reader mediation. This article argues that, when works of fiction are translated and new prefaces written for a new readership, these prefaces can provide extra insights into the perceptions, expectations, and constrictions of both producing and consuming literature in a global era. Recent debates on world literature have centered mainly on issues of reception and circulation, preferring to define its scope in terms of the reader and the reading context rather than by the author or production process. This study considers the changing role of authors who consciously attempt to locate themselves within this contested and reconfigured field and how they construct a persona to address a newly defined world readership. This article explores the changes throughout the twentieth century by analyzing a selection of authorial prefaces to translated editions of three influential authors: Lu Xun 魯迅 (1881–1936), Ba Jin 巴金 (1906–2005), and Yu Hua 余華 (1960–). All prolific preface writers, they each have, in different ways, in different periods, engaged with the concept of a global literary readership and marketplace and negotiated their respective places within it.
Disease-associated keratin mutations reduce traction forces and compromise adhesion and collective migration
Authors: Fujiwara Sachiko , Deguchi Shinji , Magin Thomas M. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Keratin intermediate filament (IF) proteins constitute the major cytoskeletal components in epithelial cells. Missense mutations in keratin 5 (K5; also known as KRT5) or keratin 14 (K14; also known as KRT14), highly expressed in the basal epidermis, cause the severe skin blistering disease epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS). EBS-associated mutations disrupt keratin networks and change keratinocyte mechanics; however, molecular mechanisms by which mutations shape EBS pathology remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that, in contrast to keratin-deficient keratinocytes, cells expressing K14R125C, a mutation that causes severe EBS, generate lower traction forces, accompanied by immature focal adhesions with an altered cellular distribution. Furthermore, mutant keratinocytes display reduced directionality during collective migration. Notably, RhoA activity is downregulated in human EBS keratinocytes, and Rho activation rescues stiffness-dependent cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion formation of EBS keratinocytes. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that intact keratin IF networks regulate mechanotransduction through a Rho signaling pathway upstream of cell–ECM adhesion formation and organized cell migration. Our findings provide insights into the underlying pathophysiology of EBS.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Helical Pitch Dependent Optical Properties of π-Extended Aza[5]helicene Radical Cations
Authors: Hiroto Satoru 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We prepared a series of π-extended aza[5]helicenes with different substituents at internal positions. The structures determined by X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the steric bulkiness of substituents affected the helical pitch of aza[5]helicenes. Their UV/vis absorption spectra showed little dependence on structural distortion. However, the absorption spectra of oxidized species were considerably dependent on internal substituents. Finally, theoretical calculations confirmed that the intramolecular through-space interaction caused a hypochromic shift of the lowest energy bands for the oxidized species.
For a Reappreciation of the Literary in Literary Studies: Poetic Thinking
Authors: Pajević Marko 
Published: July 2020

As a literary scholar based in German Studies outside of Germany, I am confronted with German being considered a minor subject matter. There are evidently clear differences between the German departments within German-speaking countries and abroad. The latter are shrinking considerably almost everywhere and need to focus on few aspects, often related to historical issues and some general successful movements, such as gender or postcolonialism. In Germany, there seems to be a preoccupation with didactics and media.
But since I consider these symptoms part of a wider issue, I prefer making some more general observations. World literature is – at least in the dominant anglophone cultures – increasingly identified with English language literature. Comparative literature programmes mostly work with translations as if those were original literary texts which – roughly speaking – reduces literature to its plot and, possibly, its structure. This is also reflected in the tendency in literary studies to be oblivious of the poetic approach.
Philologies are often subservient to outer goals (history, sociology, psychology), and, in their efforts to justify their existence in the eyes of the market economy, they believe they cannot afford to deal with the core of what litera ture is about, the literary. In my view, this is one of the reasons for the difficulties of the philologies and possibly Humanities altogether. Literary studies, despite the various enriching overlaps with various other disciplines, should not forget this specificity, which I call poetics, the interaction of the form of language and the form of life. By making a strong case for the relevance of an understanding of what language is and does – and literature is the privileged field of observation – philologies would be of obvious importance for society as a whole.
Designing the Tasks of the Engineering Direction in the Implementation of Extra-Time Activities
Authors: Smirnov D. 
Published: July 2020

The article examines the content of state-level documents related to the need to train highly qualified engineering personnel for modern Russia, on the need for early career guidance at school. The integration of government documents and documents of the Ministry of Education and Science on the organization of extracurricular activities (2011, 2017) in the context of the Federal State Educational Standard, allowed the author of the article to identify and justify the possibility of orienting students to the choice of engineering professions through the organization of extracurricular activities in a primary school.
To solve the problem of organizing extracurricular activities focused on students choosing engineering professions, the article proposes a system of authoring work programs for extracurricular activities for a primary school. A systematic approach to the design of integrated work programs (mathematics + physics + engineering) was considered at two stages: the propaedeutic stage (grades 5–7) and the pre-profile stage (grades 8–9). The main difficulty in the implementation of work programs by teachers is the selection and design of engineering tasks.
The author of the article has developed three approaches to constructing problems of engineering orientation of mathematical content. The first approach is considered in detail: a contextual (engineering) presentation of a well-known educational task given in a textbook, didactic materials, and other teaching aids. The design and solution of the system of additional tasks to the problem from the geometry textbook for grade 8, where the cross section of the road in the form of an isosceles trapezoid is considered, made it possible to organize a research project for the construction of the highway. The students got acquainted with the types of engineering professions in the construction of the road, learned the incorrectness of some data in the contents of the textbook task and replacing them with possible numerical data in the construction of roads of different types.
Creating a holistic image of the studied task situation in the context of engineering, we develop the creative abilities of students that are necessary both in educational and professional engineering activities of any direction.
Cosmopolitan Desire and Profitable Performance in The Dutch Courtesan
Authors: Fox Liz 
Published: July 2020

The Dutch Courtesan reflects on the uses of seduction and desire in commercial culture. The eponymous courtesan Franceschina circulates among foreign clientele; the native conman Cocledemoy accumulates wealth through a range of foreign disguises. Their cosmopolitan appeal to diverse consumers illustrates the dangers of excessive desire linked to an intensifying fashion for foreign commodities in the period. The commodity that is the play itself also capitalizes on similar fascinations of London audiences. Franceschina and Cocledemoy’s explicitly theatrical performances display and satirize how salesmanship – in the form of seduction and trickery – preys on consumer interests to fuel commerce in the global marketplace.
Pre-chirp managed self-phase modulation for efficient generation of wavelength-tunable energetic femtosecond pulses
Authors: Chen Runzhi , Chang Guoqing 
Published: July 2020

Self-phase-modulation-enabled spectral selection (SESS) allows generation of widely tunable femtosecond pulses. We propose pre-chirp managed SESS, in which the excitation pulse is properly pre-chirped to control the fiber-optic nonlinear spectral broadening and hence generate separated spectral lobes—a feature demanded by SESS. Besides offering improved efficiency compared with conventional energy-tuned SESS, this new method is able to reshape an input pulse of unwanted shape into a bell-shaped pulse that is desired for implementing SESS. The excellent energy scalability of pre-chirp managed SESS can produce megawatt-level femtosecond pulses widely tunable in the wavelength range of 0.86–1.3 µm. Such a powerful source is well suited to drive multiphoton microscopy to achieve deep-tissue imaging.
Digital Design for Custom Textiles: Patterns as Narration for Stage and Film, Amber Marisa Cook (2018)
Authors: Kang Zi Young 
Published: July 2020

Review of: Digital Design for Custom Textiles: Patterns as Narration for Stage and Film, Amber Marisa Cook (2018)
New York and London: Routledge, 146 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-13808-417-9, p/bk, £29.99