bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients with morbid obesity should not be routinely screened for Cushing's syndrome: Results of retrospective study of patients attending a specialist weight management service
Authors: Glyn Tessa Carlin , Ho May Wai‐Jing , Lambert Anthony Paul , Thomas Julia Dominique Janine , Douek Isabelle Francoise , Andrews Robert Charles , King Rhodri James 
Published: January 2020

SummaryCushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare condition which results in multi‐system involvement and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Screening for CS in patients with obesity has been suggested to identify undiagnosed or occult cases. This study was performed to determine whether CS screening is indicated in a tier 3 weight management centre in the UK. A retrospective review of all patients referred to the weight management service between 2013 and 2016 inclusive was undertaken. A final cohort of 569 patients was obtained. Clinic letters and laboratory databases were used to obtain demographic information, patient characteristics and biochemical results. A total of 387 patients were screened using the 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (ODST) and 182 patients were screened with two 24‐hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) collections. A total of 27 patients had an initial abnormal result, of which 16 underwent further testing and had normal results. Six were reviewed and did not demonstrate any clinical features of CS. Five did not attend their clinic appointments but there were neither concerning features within their referrals, nor subsequent diagnoses of CS made. No patients from this cohort were diagnosed with CS. This study does not support routine CS screening of patients affected by severe obesity referred to a specialist tier 3 weight management service. Clinical assessment should be undertaken first and further investigations performed only if deemed necessary.
Expanding the differential of cutaneous epithelioid tumors: A case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma with epithelioid features involving the skin, with review of the literature
Authors: Chambers Meagan , Badin Dylan J. , Sriharan Aravindhan A. , Linos Konstantinos D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLiposarcomas are categorized into four distinct histopathological subtypes: atypical lipomatous tumors (ALT)/well‐differentiated liposarcoma (WDL), dedifferentiated, myxoid, and pleomorphic. Dedifferentiated liposarcomas account for approximately 18% of all liposarcomas, characteristically arising in the deep soft tissue. They are reported to have lower rates of metastasis compared to other pleomorphic sarcomas.1–3 The classic histopathologic appearance is ALT/WDL admixed or juxtaposed with a predominantly nonlipogenic sarcoma. Epithelioid features are rare, appearing in as few as 3% of tumors, and have not previously been reported in a superficial location. Herein, we present a 57‐year‐old male with intradermal and subcutaneous metastasis of his known deep dedifferentiated liposarcoma with epithelioid features. By H&E the tumor featured cords and sheets of crowded, plump, epithelioid cells with thick nuclear membranes and prominent nucleoli, which raised a broad differential including carcinoma and melanoma. By immunohistochemistry the tumor was diffusely positive for MDM2 and CDK4, on the other hand stains for Sox10, Melan A, MITF, CKAE1/3, desmin, and S100 protein were negative. This case serves as an opportunity to raise awareness of this rare morphological subtype, which can involve the skin and mimic epithelial and melanocytic malignancies. It can be a potential diagnostic pitfall, especially if metastases are the first presentation.
Does a bank's business model affect its capital and profitability?
Authors: Farnè Matteo , Vouldis Angelos T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe use a data‐driven classification of systemically important European banks into business models based on confidential granular supervisory data and investigate whether banks following different models differ with respect to their capitalisation and profitability. Our aim is to locate the banks' business model in a risk‐return space. Using an instrumental variables approach, our econometric methodology addresses potential endogeneity issues. Overall, we find that wholesale funded and securities holding banks are positioned on a relatively high risk‐return trade‐off plane compared with commercial banks. On the other hand, traditional commercial banks earn lower returns with moderate risk.
Optimal germination timing in unpredictable environments: the importance of dormancy for both among‐ and within‐season variation
Authors: ten Brink Hanna , Gremer Jennifer R. , Kokko Hanna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor organisms living in unpredictable environments, timing important life‐history events is challenging. One way to deal with uncertainty is to spread the emergence of offspring across multiple years via dormancy. However, timing of emergence is not only important among years, but also within each growing season. Here, we study the evolutionary interactions between germination strategies that deal with among‐ and within‐season uncertainty. We use a modelling approach that considers among‐season dormancy and within‐season germination phenology of annual plants as potentially independent traits and study their separate and joint evolution in a variable environment. We find that higher among‐season dormancy selects for earlier germination within the growing season. Furthermore, our results indicate that more unpredictable natural environments can counter‐intuitively select for less risk‐spreading within the season. Furthermore, strong priority effects select for earlier within‐season germination phenology which in turn increases the need for bet hedging through among‐season dormancy.
Climate drives among‐year variation in natural selection on flowering time
Authors: Ehrlén Johan , Valdés Alicia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo predict long‐term responses to climate change, we need to understand how changes in temperature and precipitation elicit both immediate phenotypic responses and changes in natural selection. We used 22 years of data for the perennial herb Lathyrus vernus to examine how climate influences flowering phenology and phenotypic selection on phenology. Plants flowered earlier in springs with higher temperatures and higher precipitation. Early flowering was associated with a higher fitness in nearly all years, but selection for early flowering was significantly stronger in springs with higher temperatures and lower precipitation. Climate influenced selection through trait distributions, mean fitness and trait−fitness relationships, the latter accounting for most of the among‐year variation in selection. Our results show that climate both induces phenotypic responses and alters natural selection, and that the change in the optimal phenotype might be either weaker, as for spring temperature, or stronger, as for precipitation, than the optimal response.
Risk factors associated with progressive lacunar strokes and benefit from dual antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Berberich A. , Schneider C. , Herweh C. , Hielscher T. , Reiff T. , Bendszus M. , Gumbinger C. , Ringleb P. 
Published: January 2020

Background and purposeEarly neurological deterioration (END) occurs in 20%–30% of patients with lacunar stroke and challenges their clinical management. This retrospective cohort study analyzed clinical and neuroimaging risk factors predicting the occurrence of END, the functional outcome after END and potential benefit from dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients with lacunar strokes.MethodsFactors associated with END and benefit from DAPT were retrospectively analyzed in 308 patients with lacunar stroke symptoms and detected lacunar infarction by magnetic resonance imaging. END was defined by deterioration of ≥3 total National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) points, ≥2 NIHSS points for limb paresis or documented deterioration within 5 days after admission. Patients were treated with DAPT according to in‐house standards. The primary efficacy end‐point for functional outcome was fulfilled if NIHSS at discharge improved after END at least to the score at admission.ResultsMale gender [odds ratio (OR) 2.08; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–4.00], higher age (OR = 1.65 per 10 years; 95% CI 1.18–2.31), motor paresis (OR = 18.89, 95% CI 4.66–76.57) and infarction of the internal capsule or basal ganglia (OR = 3.58, 95% CI 1.26–10.14) were associated with an increased risk for END. A larger diameter of infarction (OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.76–0.95), more microangiopathic lesions (OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.57–0.99) and pontine localization (OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.12–0.65) were factors associated with unfavorable functional outcome after END occurred. Localization in the internal capsule or basal ganglia was identified as a significant predictive factor for a benefit from DAPT after END.ConclusionsIdentified clinical and neuroimaging factors predicting END occurrence, functional outcome after END and potential benefit from DAPT might improve the clinical management of patients with lacunar strokes.
The risk of epilepsy in children with celiac disease: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Canova C. , Ludvigsson J.F. , Barbiellini Amidei C. , Zanier L. , Zingone F. 
Published: January 2020

Backgroundand purposeThe purpose was to estimate the risk of epilepsy in a cohort of young individuals with celiac disease (CD) compared to that of matched references.MethodsThe cohort consisted of 213 635 individuals born during 1989–2011 and residing in Friuli‐Venezia Giulia (Italy). 1215 individuals affected by CD and 6075 reference individuals matched by sex and age were identified. Epilepsy was defined by means of hospital diagnosis or drug prescriptions. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of having epilepsy amongst individuals with CD, before CD diagnosis and in the entire period, compared with those of their matched references. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios for epilepsy diagnosed after CD diagnosis. Different definitions of epilepsy were used for sensitivity analyses.ResultsThirty‐one (2.6%) individuals with CD and 78 (1.3%) reference individuals had epilepsy [adjusted OR 2.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33–3.10]. The risk of epilepsy was increased prior to CD (adjusted OR 2.29; 95% CI 1.33–3.94), with similar estimates after CD diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio 1.96; 95% CI 0.95–4.02). The increased risk of epilepsy was not explained by a peak in epilepsy diagnosis just around CD diagnosis. Sex stratification found a significantly higher risk of epilepsy amongst female individuals with CD. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the positive association between CD and epilepsy.ConclusionChildren and youths with CD were at increased risk of epilepsy. Patients with epilepsy without a clear etiology should be screened for CD since an early diagnosis and treatment might improve the response to antiepileptic therapies.
Periodontitis phenotypes and clinical response patterns to non‐surgical periodontal therapy: reflections on the new periodontitis classification
Authors: Nascimento Gustavo G. , Dahlén Gunnar , López Rodrigo , Baelum Vibeke 
Published: January 2020

We aimed to identify response patterns to non‐surgical periodontal therapy and to investigate whether the new classification system for periodontitis reflects response to treatment after 1 yr. At baseline, data on sociodemographic status, smoking, and diabetes were obtained from participants with periodontal disease. Clinical periodontal data and subgingival plaque were also collected. Participants underwent non‐surgical periodontal therapy, and after 3 and 12 months, clinical data were reassessed. Factor analyses, group‐based‐trajectory modeling, and mixed‐effects regression models were used for data analysis. Factor analysis of the baseline periodontal parameters revealed two different periodontitis dimensions: ‘moderate’ and ‘severe’. Two response patterns for each of these periodontitis dimensions were identified. Periodontal therapy had a beneficial effect on both ‘moderate’ and ‘severe’ periodontitis; however, individuals with higher levels of disease at baseline experienced greater treatment effect. Regarding the new classification system, while the staging component distinguished different levels of ‘moderate’ and ‘severe’ periodontitis before and after treatment, the grading component did not. This study shows the beneficial effect of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on both ‘moderate’ and ‘severe’ periodontitis. However, the benefit was limited among individuals with low levels of disease. The new classification system did not adequately reflect the periodontal response to therapy in this patient group.
Protein scaffold involving MSMEG_1285 maintains cell wall organization and mediates penicillin sensitivity in mycobacteria
Authors: Veyron‐Churlet Romain , Saliou Jean‐Michel , Locht Camille 
Published: January 2020

Protein–protein interactions are key in mycobacterial physiology, notably during the biosynthesis of the very peculiar mycobacterial cell wall. In this paper, we demonstrate that MSMEG_1285 interacts with PonA1, a bifunctional penicillin‐binding protein involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Deletion of MSMEG_1285 enhances Mycobacterium smegmatis resistance to penicillin antibiotics, a phenotype that is exacerbated by the additional deletion of hbhA. This also led to a substantial decrease in the amounts of porins in the cell wall, which are necessary for the import of small and hydrophilic β‐lactams. Deletion of both MSMEG_1285 and hbhA provoked an over‐representation of several enzymes involved in peptidoglycan degradation. Thus, we propose that MSMEG_1285 is part of a protein scaffold, which also involves PonA1 and HbhA, and that it is responsible for the tight regulation of peptidoglycan hydrolysis. This study provides a better understanding of the mycobacterial physiology, which is an essential step for strengthening the action of drugs that specifically target peptidoglycan biosynthesis.
S‐N curve for riveted details in corrosive environment and its application to a bridge
Authors: Adasooriya N.D. , Hemmingsen T. , Pavlou D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA formula for stress‐life curve is proposed to predict the fatigue life of riveted bridges located in corrosive environments. The corrosive environment‐dependent parameters of the S‐N curve are determined based on the corrosion fatigue testing results of different types of steel specimens in air, fresh water, and seawater. Eurocode detail category 71 and UK WI‐rivet detail category represent the fatigue strength of riveted members. The proposed S‐N curve formula is compared with full‐scale fatigue test results of riveted joints, plate girders, and truss girders, which were tested in a corrosive environment. Thus, the validity of the formula is confirmed. The formula does not require any material parameter other than the code‐given fatigue curve of riveted details. The fatigue life of a riveted railway bridge is estimated by using the proposed formula, and the results are compared with conventional approaches. The applicability and significance of the proposed curve are confirmed.
Hotspots of biotic compositional change in lakes along vast latitudinal transects in northern Canada
Authors: Saulnier‐Talbot Émilie , Antoniades Dermot , Pienitz Reinhard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEcotones mark zones of rapid change in ecological structure at various spatial scales. They are believed to be particularly susceptible to shifts caused by environmental transformation, making them key regions for studying the effects of global change. Here, we explored the variation in assemblage structure of aquatic primary producer and consumer communities across latitudinal transects in northeastern North America (Québec‐Labrador) to identify spatial patterns in biodiversity that indicated the location of transition zones across the landscape. We analyzed species richness and the cumulative rate of compositional change (expressed as beta‐diversity) of diatoms and chironomids to detect any abrupt shifts in the rate of spatial taxonomic turnover. We used principal coordinates analysis to estimate community turnover with latitude, then applied piecewise linear regression to assess the position of ecotones. Statistically significant changes in assemblage composition occurred at 52 and 55°N, corresponding to the transition between closed‐ and open‐crown forest, and to the southern onset of the forest tundra (i.e., the forest limit), respectively. The spatial distribution of ecotones was most strongly related to air temperature for chironomids and to vegetation‐ and soil‐related chemical attributes of lake water for diatoms, including dissolved organic carbon content and water color. Lakes at mid‐ to high‐latitudes currently face pressures from rapidly rising temperatures, accompanied by large increases in organic carbon inputs from their catchments, often leading to browning and its associated effects. The biota at the base of food webs in lakes located in transition zones are disproportionately affected by the cascading effects of these multi‐factorial changes, concurrent with pronounced terrestrial greening observed in these regions. Similar patterns of biotic shifts have been observed along alpine aquatic transects, indicating the potential for widespread restructuring of cold, high‐altitude and high‐latitude freshwater communities due to global change.
Chronic stressors, stress coping and depressive tendencies among older adults
Authors: Murayama Yoh , Yamazaki Sachiko , Yamaguchi Jun , Hasebe Masami , Fujiwara Yoshinori 
Published: January 2020

AimsThis study aimed to clarify the association between chronic stressors, stress coping and depressive tendencies among older adults.MethodsWe carried out a survey with 500 participants aged in their 70s, who were randomly selected from the basic resident register. Of these, 304 residents responded to the survey (60.8%).ResultsFindings from a factor analysis and cluster analysis revealed five groups of chronic stressors: physical, economic and interpersonal stressor; physical and economic stressor; interpersonal stressor; physical stressor; and low stressor. The factor analysis revealed four factors of coping: cognitive coping, support‐seeking, positive problem solving and escape–avoidance. Furthermore, a multiple logistic regression analysis showed that both physical, economic and interpersonal stressor, and physical and economic stressor had negative associations with depressive tendencies. With respect to stress coping, positive problem solving had a positive association with depressive tendencies, whereas escape–avoidance had a negative association with depressive tendencies.ConclusionsFor older individuals, the more complex the overlapping chronic stressors that are experienced, the higher the depressive tendencies. Furthermore, although older individuals selectively use various coping strategies, they do not alleviate the stress responses induced by chronic stressors. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 297–303.
Application of bibliometrics in medicine: a historical bibliometrics analysis
Authors: Kokol Peter , Blažun Vošner Helena , Završnik Jernej 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe application of bibliometrics in medicine enables one to analyse vast amounts of publications and their production patterns on macroscopic and microscopic levels.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to analyse the historical perspective of research literature production regarding application of bibliometrics in medicine.MethodsPublications related to application of bibliometrics in medicine from 1970 to 2018 were harvested from the Scopus bibliographic database. Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy was triangulated with the VOSViewer to identify historical roots and evolution of topics and clinical areas.ResultsThe search resulted in 6557 publications. The literature production trend was positive. Historical roots analysis identified 33 historical roots and 16 clinical areas where bibliometrics was applied.DiscussionThe increase in productivity in application of bibliometrics in medicine might be attributed to increased use of quantitative metrics in research evaluation, publish or perish phenomenon and the increased use of evidence‐based medicine.ConclusionThe trend of the literature production was positive. Medicine was in the forefront of knowledge development in bibliometrics. reference publication year spectroscopy proved to be an accurate method which was able to identify most of the historical roots.
Horseshoe Regularisation for Machine Learning in Complex and Deep Models1
Authors: Bhadra Anindya , Datta Jyotishka , Li Yunfan , Polson Nicholas 
Published: January 2020

SummarySince the advent of the horseshoe priors for regularisation, global–local shrinkage methods have proved to be a fertile ground for the development of Bayesian methodology in machine learning, specifically for high‐dimensional regression and classification problems. They have achieved remarkable success in computation and enjoy strong theoretical support. Most of the existing literature has focused on the linear Gaussian case; for which systematic surveys are available. The purpose of the current article is to demonstrate that the horseshoe regularisation is useful far more broadly, by reviewing both methodological and computational developments in complex models that are more relevant to machine learning applications. Specifically, we focus on methodological challenges in horseshoe regularisation in non‐linear and non‐Gaussian models, multivariate models and deep neural networks. We also outline the recent computational developments in horseshoe shrinkage for complex models along with a list of available software implementations that allows one to venture out beyond the comfort zone of the canonical linear regression problems.
Institutional Reform of Marketing and Related Services to Agriculture, With Particular Reference to Africa
Authors: Abbott John C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOver the decades to 1980 agricultural marketing and input supply systems came increasingly under official monopolies. Dissatisfaction with the incentives offerred to producers and with the costs to governments has sparked interest in reform. Practicable ways of introducing more competition and mobilizing potential individual initiatives are presented. Obstacles to progress in this direction include political commitments of governments, ethnic concerns and patronage interests. External aid can help ease these constraints.