bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of racial distribution of photodermatoses in USA academic dermatology clinics: A multicenter retrospective analysis of 1080 patients over a 10‐year period
Authors: Hamel Remi , Mohammad Tasneem F. , Chahine Adam , Joselow Andrew , Vick Garrett , Radosta Stella , Boh Erin , Alora‐Palli Maria , Mistur Rachel L. , Baron Elma D. , Cooper Kevin D. , Lim Henry W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies at single academic institutions have identified variations in the prevalence of photodermatoses among racial groups. The purpose of the study was to compare the distribution of photodermatoses between Whites and Blacks at four academic medical centers in the USA.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed at four institutions’ general dermatology clinics using diagnoses consistent with the International Classification of Disease (ICD), Ninth and Tenth Revisions, codes related to photodermatoses between August 2006 and August 2016. A total of 9736 charts were manually reviewed and classified. Analyses were performed analyzing the frequency of photodermatoses between Whites and Blacks in the pooled data.ResultsThere were 1,080 patients with photodermatoses identified. Statistically significant differences in the frequency of photodermatoses between Whites and Blacks were identified for polymorphous light eruption (more common in Blacks), photoallergic contact dermatitis, phototoxic drug eruption, phytophotodermatitis, porphyria, and solar urticaria (more common in Whites). The most commonly diagnosed photodermatoses were polymorphous light eruption (total 672), and photodermatitis not otherwise specified (total 189).ConclusionOur study demonstrated significantly higher proportions of polymorphous light eruption in Blacks, and higher proportions of photoallergic contact dermatitis, phototoxic drug eruptions, phytophotodermatitis, porphyrias, and solar urticaria in Whites.
Technologies for targeting the peripheral pulmonary nodule including robotics
Authors: Fielding David , Oki Masahide 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBronchoscopic sampling of PPL was significantly advanced by the development of the endobronchial ultrasound guide sheath method in the 1990s. Since then, a range of technical and procedural techniques have further advanced diagnostic yields. These include the use of thinner bronchoscopes with better working channel diameters, understanding the importance of peripheral transbronchial needle aspiration, and virtual bronchoscopic assistance. These have enabled better sampling of smaller and more technically challenging lesions including ground‐glass nodules. Most recently, robotic bronchoscopy has been developed which, among other refinements, allows fine control of visual bronchoscopic navigation by replacing movements directed by the hand with electronic consoles and trackballs, and innovatively integrate virtual with real bronchoscopic pathways. The requirement for PPL diagnosis and treatment is expected to increase with more chest CT performed as part of CT screening programmes.
Histologically low‐grade, yet biologically high‐grade, canine cutaneous mast cell tumours: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of individual participant data
Authors: Bae Sohee , Milovancev Milan , Bartels Courtney , Irvin Veronica L. , Tuohy Joanne L. , Townsend Katy L. , Leeper Haley 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLow‐grade canine cutaneous mast cell tumour (cMCT) with metastasis at the time of treatment is uncommonly reported, with few studies focusing on this specific clinical entity. The specific objective of this study was to systematically review the veterinary literature and perform a meta‐analysis summarizing the clinical presentation, treatments reported and clinical outcomes from dogs with histologically low‐grade cMCT and metastasis present at initial treatment. A total of 980 studies were screened with eight publications providing data on 121 dogs ultimately included. The most common treatments were surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy in 83/121 (69%) dogs; combined surgery, radiation and chemotherapy in 17/121 (14%) dogs; chemotherapy alone in 12/121 (10%) dogs and surgery alone in 7/121 (6%) dogs. Dogs with distant metastasis (n = 22) experienced significantly shorter survival compared with those with regional lymph node (RLN) metastasis (n = 99; median 194 vs 637 days; P < .01). Two variables were significantly associated with increased risk of death: presence of distant (vs RLN) metastasis (hazard ratio = 2.60; P < .01) and not receiving surgery as a component of treatment (hazard ratio = 3.79; P < .01). Risk of bias was judged to be low in terms of selection and performance bias but high in terms of detection and exclusion bias. In conclusion, dogs with cMCT and RLN metastasis can be expected to live significantly longer than those with distant metastasis, and surgery appears to have a role in extending survival of metastatic low‐grade cMCT.
Penerapan Konsep IKHLAS Dalam Menyantuni Anak Istimewa (Autisme) (Implementation of IKHLAS Concept In Treating Special Needs)
Authors: Bujang Nor Afizah , Jima’ain @ Ajmain Muhammad Talhah , Saari Zilal 
Published: February 2020

The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017 revealed one in 160 children having an autism in this world and its prevalence is increasing globally. These statistics clearly show many parents out there struggling with the great challenge of raising and educating these special children. They also face greater stress than parents with normal children and children with other disabilities such as down syndrome. The objective of this study was to examine alternative mechanisms to help parents cope with the reality of the presence of autism children. The study involved methodology in the study of literature review, which is a comprehensive review of various writings and studies on autism analyzed to find alternatives that needs to be applied in the care of this special child. The findings of the analysis found IKHLAS concepts which are knowledge, love, hope, training, the heart and support (IKHLAS) should be instilled in every parent with special needs so that the children have the space as well opportunity and should not be neglected by society. This writing is hoped to be a little input for parents and other parties that related which having children with austim to implement IKHLAS concepts in the efforts of educating and caring for them.
Respiratory and locomotor muscle blood flow during exercise in health and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Vogiatzis Ioannis , Louvaris Zafeiris , Wagner Peter D. 
Published: February 2020

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?The work presented here focuses mostly on testing the theory of blood flow redistribution from the locomotor to the respiratory muscles during heavy exercise in healthy participants and in patients with COPD.
What advances does it highlight?Studies presented and the direct experimental approach to measure muscle blood flow by indocyanine green dye detected by near infrared spectroscopy, show that exercise interferes with respiratory muscle blood flow especially in COPD, but even in healthy.
AbstractWe have developed an indicator‐dilution method to measure muscle blood flow at rest and during exercise using the light absorbing tracer indocyanine green dye (ICG) injected as an intravenous bolus, with surface optodes placed over muscles of interest to record the ICG signal by near‐infrared spectroscopy. Here we review findings for both quadriceps and intercostal muscle blood flow (measured simultaneously) in trained cyclists and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). During resting hyperpnoea in both athletes and patients, intercostal muscle blood flow increased with ventilation, correlating closely and linearly with the work of breathing, with no change in quadriceps flow. During graded exercise in athletes, intercostal flow at first increased, but then began to fall approaching peak effort. Unexpectedly, in COPD, intercostal muscle blood flow during exercise fell progressively from resting values, contrasting sharply with the response to resting hyperpnoea. During exercise at peak intensity, we found no quadriceps blood flow reduction in favour of the respiratory muscles in either athletes or patients. In COPD at peak exercise, when patients breathed 21% oxygen in helium or 100% oxygen, there was no redistribution of blood flow observed between legs and respiratory muscles in either direction. Evidence of decrease in leg blood flow and increase in respiratory muscle flow was found only when imposing expiratory flow limitation (EFL) during exercise in healthy individuals. However, because EFL caused substantial physiological derangement, lowering arterial oxygen saturation and raising end‐tidal and heart rate, these results cannot be projected onto normal exercise.
Fungal allergen‐induced IL‐33 secretion involves cholesterol‐dependent, VDAC‐1‐mediated ATP release from the airway epithelium
Authors: Srisomboon Yotesawee , Squillace Diane L. , Maniak Peter J. , Kita Hirohito , O'Grady Scott M. 
Published: February 2020

Key points
Alternaria aeroallergens induce the release of ATP from human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells by activating a conductive pathway involving voltage‐dependent anion channel‐1 (VDAC‐1) and by exocytosis of ATP localized within membrane vesicles.
Inhibition of VDAC‐1 blocked Alternaria‐evoked Ca2+ uptake across the plasma membrane of HBE cells and interleukin (IL)‐33 release into the extracellular media.
Reducing cholesterol content with a cholesterol scavenger (β‐methylcyclodextrin) or statin compound (simvastatin) blocked ATP and IL‐33 release by lowering the expression of VDAC‐1 in the plasma membrane.
Pretreatment with simvastatin for 24 h also inhibited the increase in tight junction macromolecule permeability that occurs following Alternaria exposure.
These results establish a novel role for VDAC‐1 as a mechanism underlying ATP release induced by fungal allergens and suggests a possible therapeutic use for cholesterol lowering compounds in reducing Alternaria‐stimulated allergic inflammation.
AbstractHuman bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells exposed to allergens derived from the common saprophytic fungus, Alternaria alternata release ATP, which in turn stimulates P2X7 receptor‐mediated Ca2+ uptake across the plasma membrane. The subsequent increase in intracellular calcium concentration induces proteolytic processing and secretion of interleukin (IL)‐33, a critical cytokine involved in the initiation of allergic airway inflammation. A major objective of the present study was to identify the mechanism responsible for conductive ATP release. The results show that pretreatment of HBE cells with inhibitors of the voltage‐dependent anion channel‐1 (VDAC‐1) or treatment with a VDAC‐1 selective blocking antibody or silencing mRNA expression of the channel by RNA interference, inhibit Alternaria‐evoked ATP release. Moreover, inhibition of VDAC‐1 channel activity or reducing protein expression blocked the secretion of IL‐33. Similarly, reducing the cholesterol content of HBE cells with simvastatin or the cholesterol scavenger β‐methylcyclodextrin also blocked ATP release and IL‐33 secretion by decreasing the level of VDAC‐1 expression in the plasma membrane. In addition, simvastatin inhibited the increase in tight junction macromolecule permeability that was previously observed after Alternaria exposure. These results demonstrate a novel function for VDAC‐1 as the conductive mechanism responsible for Alternaria‐induced ATP release, an essential early step in the processing, mobilization and secretion of IL‐33 by the airway epithelium. Furthermore, the simvastatin‐evoked reduction of VDAC‐1 expression in the plasma membrane, suggests the possibility that cholesterol lowering compounds may be beneficial in alleviating allergic airway inflammation induced by fungal allergens.
Recurrent Kawasaki disease and cardiac complications: nationwide surveys in Japan
Authors: Sudo Daisuke , Makino Nobuko , Nakamura Yosikazu 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionBased on data obtained before high-dose (2 g/kg) intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy prevailed in Japan, children with a history of Kawasaki disease (KD) were highly susceptible to disease recurrence and more likely to develop cardiac sequelae. We aimed to examine the epidemiological features of cardiac complications among patients with recurrent KD following the widespread use of high-dose IVIG therapy.DesignTwo cohorts of patients with recurrent KD retrieved from Japanese nationwide surveys (previous cohort: 1989–1994; recent cohort: 2003–2012) were compared.ResultsOf 1842 patients with recurrent KD in the recent cohort, 3.5% and 5.2% developed cardiac sequelae at the initial and second episodes, respectively, which were markedly decreased compared with those (>10%, respectively) in the previous cohort. Multivariate analyses showed that the risk factors for cardiac sequelae at the second episode were similar between the cohorts. Patients with recurrent KD in both cohorts were more likely to have coronary aneurysms at the second episode than at the initial episode. However, when patients with coronary aneurysms at the initial episode were excluded from analyses, the difference in the proportions of coronary aneurysms between KD episodes disappeared in the recent cohort. Residual rates of previously formed coronary aneurysms were similar between the cohorts (approximately 50%).ConclusionThis study suggests that KD recurrence is no longer a risk factor for developing cardiac complications, unless cardiac sequelae appear at the initial episode. However, residual rates of previously formed coronary aneurysms remain high. Therefore, the importance of carefully managing coronary aneurysms associated with KD remains unchanged.
Half- and Full-Cell Performance of Silicon-Carbon Anodes Using the Capacity Control Method
Authors: Karulkar Mohan , Wen Hao , Adams Jim 
Published: February 2020

With the demand for electric vehicles increasing, the need for higher energy and power density in automotive batteries is apparent. Silicon-carbon composites represent promising anode materials, striking a balance between the stability of graphite and the high capacity of pure silicon. However, cycle life and current density remain too low when considering practical applications and real-world automotive targets.
C-Si anodes are typically examined in half-cell applications, being cycled against a lithium counterelectrode. However, Li is a poor metal for cycling, and has the potential to confound cycle life data as mossy Li grows and increases cell impedance. Figure 1 shows the results of Li-Li cycling, and indicates approximately linear relationships between percent lithium lost and cycle life. To get a more straightforward assessment of C-Si anodes, full cell testing has been performed, and compared to half-cell cycling against lithium. Cycle life, capacity, and other performance metrics will be examined.
Several innovations have been demonstrated to improve C-Si anode performance.[1] The Capacity Control Method has been demonstrated as an effective means to improve cycle life and current density (Figure 2). Additionally, the Conductive Dual Cast technique has been shown to improve capacity (Figure 3). Both of these techniques have been more thoroughly explored in the present work, and a relationship between capacity cutoff, current density, and cycle life has been established.
Deviations from the Si-C half-cell ideal are examined in the context of energy and power density. For instance, the effect of pairing high-capacity C-Si with lower-capacity intercalation cathodes is investigated using modeling and the full-cell testing from above. The costs and benefits of conductive layers, which add thickness and weight to the anode, are discussed. Finally, the effect of Capacity Control method, which by design underutilizes C-Si anodes, is analyzed in relation to real-world automotive targets.
[1] M. Karulkar, R. Blaser, R. Kudla, Electrochemical Society 224th Meeting, San Francisco, Abstract 227 (2013).
Electrochemical Study of Cobalt Salen Compounds for Catalytic Biomass Degradation
Authors: Servedio Luke T. , Foister Shane , Bozell Joseph , Zawodzinski Thomas A. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Heightened interest in sustainable energy sources have led to a multitude of forays into technologies dealing with biomass refining and energy conversion. While certain streams of biomass offer attractive possibilities as a virtually limitless feedstock, the inherent complexities associated with the constituent biomass polymers, especially the heterogeneous lignin polymer make efficient processing a difficult problem. To make efficient use of lignin as a potential feedstock for energy production or as a chemical precursor, high catalytic specificity and yield is desirable to deal with a broad range of chemical linkages in a manner that results in a single (or few) product(s). In this study, we investigate the use of organometallic Cobalt (salen) complexes and their application toward catalytic breakdown or modification of the lignin polymer. Various lignin model compounds have been used to study possible modes of converting lignin into a usable product in batch reactions with mixed results. In nearly all studies, regardless of yield, the catalyst undergoes deactivation, likely due to an irreversible conformational change or a change in oxidation state of the metal center.
By employing non-aqueous cyclic voltammetry, we show that unfixed Co(salen) complexes form a highly reversible redox system. The largely conserved shape of the electrochemical response over successive scans suggests that these catalysts may be recoverable within an electrochemical redox system. Using lignin monomer analogs, we studied electro-catalytic reactions utilizing half-cell cyclic voltammetry and various other characterization techniques to study the electrochemical reversibility of the system and examine the reaction mechanism and oxidation products. Depending on the relative rates of the chemical reaction step and the characteristic response to CV scan rate, the catalytic process defined by the electrochemical oxidation of the catalyst and subsequent chemical reaction step between the ‘activated’ catalyst and the substrate should lead to a “steady state” response similar to that observed for a mass transport limited system. Chemical characterization techniques were also utilized to probe the catalyst oxidation state changes throughout the reaction in an attempt to resolve some of the issues of system deactivation.

Keywords
: lignin, cobalt salen, electrochemical oxidation, non-aqueous cyclic voltammetry

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We gratefully acknowledge the support of the University of Tennessee Office of the Vice President for Research for support of this work.
Application of Supercritical CO2 Emulsified Electrolyte in Cathodic Deposition of Metal Oxides
Authors: Chang Tso-Fu Mark , Lin Wei-Hao , Hsu Yung Jung , Sato Tatsuo , Sone Masato 
Published: February 2020

Metal oxides, such as TiO2 and ZnO, have been extensively investigated to foster their applications in various technologically important fields. There are many synthetic approaches proposed to fabricate metal oxide thin films. Among the different synthetic routes, electrochemical deposition affords an effective process for production of metal oxide thin films. Properties of the metal oxide films are highly dependent on desorption of gas generated on the surface of cathode, which can affect the pore structure of the porous metal oxide films deposited. Generation rate of hydroxyl ions on the surface of cathode and removal rate of the hydroxyl ions away from the surface of cathode can affect local pH on the surface cathode, which can affect grain size of the metal oxide formed.
Supercritical CO2 (sc-CO2) emulsified electrolyte (SCE) is known to be effective in affecting desorption rate of gas formed on the surface of cathode, and influence transfer efficiency of reactive species to the surface of cathode. Therefore, properties of the TiO2 and ZnO thin films are expected to be influenced by the properties of the emulsion.
In this work, a sc-CO2-assisted galvanostatic cathodic deposition process is developed for preparation of TiO2 and ZnO thin films with high structural uniformity. TiO2 and ZnO are deposited cathodically on a conductive substrate in a two-compartment cell under a fixed current density, in which platinum foil is employed as the counter electrode. Influences of sc-CO2 and reaction pressure on the crystal growth of TiO2 and ZnO thin films were investigated. The present synthetic approach could be further extended to obtain other metal oxide thin films such as SnO2, CuO, NiO and so on.
Nanostructured Gold-Nickel/Titania Nanotubes Electrocatalysts for Hydrazine Oxidation
Authors: Tamasauskaite-Tamasiunaite Loreta , Rakauskas Justinas , Balciunaite Aldona , Zabielaite Ausrine , Vaiciuniene Jurate , Selskis Algirdas , Norkus Eugenijus 
Published: February 2020

This work is focused on the study of self-ordered titania nanotube arrayed electrodes for preparation of efficient nanostructured gold-nickel/titania nanotubes (denoted as Au(Ni)/TiO2-NTs) electrocatalysts for the oxidation of hydrazine in alkaline medium. Titania nanotube arrayed substrate was applied for preparation of catalysts due to its high cation exchange capacity, which provides the possibility of achieving a high loading of active catalyst with an even distribution and high dispersion. The self-ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays were prepared by anodic oxidation of Ti surface in an aqueous sulfuric acid solution containing some NH4F. The average tube diameter was ~100 nm and the thickness of titania layers was ~350 nm. Gold nanoparticles in size of ~10-30 nm were deposited on the surfaces of titania nanotube arrays by partial galvanic displacement of electroless nickel layer that had been previously deposited. The electroless Ni-P layer with the thickness of ~300 nm was deposited on the titania nanotubes surface, which produces a layer of granular nickel particles ~200 nm in size.
The morphology, structure and composition of the prepared nanostructured catalysts were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and inductively coupled optical emission spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic activity of the prepared catalysts was investigated towards the oxidation of hydrazine in alkaline medium by means of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry.
Data on the pecularities of various electrodes are compared and discussed on the basis of electrochemical data. The prepared Au(Ni)/TiO2-NTs catalysts with different Au loadings possesses a higher electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of hydrazine in alkaline medium as compared to that of TiO2-NTs and Au deposited electrochemically on the TiO2-NTs and seem to be a promising anode materials for direct hydrazine fuel cells.

Acknowledgment

J. Rakauskas acknowledges support by project "Promotion of Student Scientific Activities" (VP1-3.1-ŠMM-01-V-02-003) from the Research Council of Lithuania. This project is funded by the Republic of Lithuania and European Social Fund under the 2007-2013 Human Resources Development Operational Programme’s priority 3.