bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Initial Board Certification Associated With Better Early Career Surgical Outcomes?
Authors: Kendrick Daniel E. , Chen Xilin , Jones Andrew T. , Clark Michael , Fan Zhaohui , Bandeh-Ahmadi Hoda , Wnuk Greg , Kopp Jason P. , Moreno Beatriz Ibanez , Scott John W. , Sandhu Gurjit , Buyske Jo , Dimick Justin B. , George Brian C. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To determine if initial American Board of Surgery certification in general surgery is associated with better risk-adjusted patient outcomes for Medicare patients undergoing partial colectomy by an early career surgeon.

Background:
Board certification is a voluntary commitment to professionalism, continued learning, and delivery of high-quality patient care. Not all surgeons are certified, and some have questioned the value of certification due to limited evidence that board-certified surgeons have better patient outcomes. In response, we examined the outcomes of certified versus noncertified early career general surgeons.

Methods:
We identified Medicare patients who underwent a partial colectomy between 2008 and 2016 and were operated on by a non-subspecialty trained surgeon within their first 5 years of practice. Surgeon certification status was determined using the American Board of Surgery data. Generalized linear mixed models were used to control for patient-, procedure-, and hospital-level effects. Primary outcomes were the occurrence of severe complications and occurrence of death within 30 days.

Results:
We identified 69,325 patients who underwent a partial colectomy by an early career general surgeon. The adjusted rate of severe complications after partial colectomy by certified (n = 4239) versus noncertified (n = 191) early-career general surgeons was 9.1% versus 10.7% (odds ratio 0.83, P = 0.03). Adjusted mortality rate for certified versus noncertified early-career general surgeons was 4.9% versus 6.1% (odds ratio 0.79, P = 0.01).

Conclusion:
Patients undergoing partial colectomy by an early career general surgeon have decreased odds of severe complications and death when their surgeon is board certified.
Green energy platform economics – understanding platformization and sustainabilization in the energy sector
Authors: Menzel Tobias , Teubner Timm 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to present a conceptual framework for the emerging field of green energy platform economics.Design/methodology/approachThe authors develop a conceptual framework based on a careful review of the existing literature, and research into the current provider landscape and insights from academic and industry experts. The authors also examine the implications for the energy sector’s value chain and derive a research agenda based on those areas where research still needs to be pursued.FindingsThe framework combines the spatial characteristics of platform models (residential/mobile) with the different types of platform business model (B2C/C2C/C2Grid). Using this framework, the authors illustrate how green energy platforms can fundamentally disrupt the conventional electricity value chain by enabling prosumers to market their assets, creating new arenas for trading and collaboration, and by increasing transparency and competition in the sector. The authors also identify areas where more research is required, particularly empirical studies into energy forms other than electricity and analyses of currently underrepresented aspects such as user interfaces and social interactions.Social implicationsGreen energy platforms have the potential to contribute meaningfully to the energy sector’s decarbonization, digitalization and decentralization, and hence to the deceleration of climate change.Originality/valueThis paper is among the first to provide a holistic perspective on platformization in the energy sector. It also offers a new perspective on platform economics in general that is based on the unique characteristics of energy as an economic good (intangibility, homogeneity, credence good).
CEO's education and investment–cash flow sensitivity: an empirical investigation
Authors: Gupta Gaurav , Mahakud Jitendra , Verma Vivek 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of financial and technical education of chief executive officer (CEO) on investment–cash flow sensitivity (ICFS) of Indian manufacturing firms.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses the dynamic panel data model and more specifically, the system-generalized method of moments (GMM) technique to investigate the effect of CEOs' education on ICFS of Indian manufacturing firms during the period 1998–1999 to 2016–2017.FindingsThe study shows that financial (technical) education of CEOs does (not) affect ICFS. The results explain that the role of the CEO's education in ICFS is highly significant during the crisis period. The robustness test depicts that the influence of financial education on ICFS is less (more) for group-affiliated and large-sized firms (stand-alone and small-sized firms). Further, the CEO's education is significantly associated with corporate investment decisions.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the unavailability of the CEO's compensation data for the selected sample, future research could explore the impact of CEO's education with respect to CEO's compensation on ICFS.Practical implicationsFirst, the authors find that financially educated CEOs affect ICFS; therefore, firms should take care of CEO's education during recruitment of CEOs. Second, lending agencies should also consider the educational background of the CEO before approval of funding to make it safe. Third, investors should keep in mind the educational background of the CEO for the growth of their investment as it may be easier for financially educated CEOs to borrow from the market at the time of requirement.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence through analyzing the impact of a CEO's education on ICFS in the context of India. This study is very unique in itself as it uses the sample of manufacturing sectors of India, which are growing very fast and attracting global investors to create a global hub of manufacturing in India. This study also considers different types of education such as financial and technical education of CEOs in the context of a developing economy like India. This study made its findings robust across company characteristics and periods based on the financial crisis.
Impact of Big Five personality traits on authentic leadership
Authors: Shahzad Khurram , Raja Usman , Hashmi Syed Danial 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe bulk of the current research on authentic leadership focuses on the examination of its consequences. Little attention has been paid to the predictors of authentic leadership. We examined how the Big Five personality traits can predict an authentic leadership style.Design/methodology/approachUsing multisource time-lagged data from 305 leader–subordinate dyads, we examined how the Big Five traits (extraversion, agreeableness, consciousness, openness to experience and neuroticism) are related to authentic leadership. While leader personality was measured through self-reports, we measured authentic leadership style through subordinate reported data.FindingsWe found good support for the proposed hypotheses. While extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience were positively related to authentic leadership style, neuroticism was negatively related to it.Practical implicationsThe findings support the trait view of leadership, suggesting that the personality traits of a leader can predict his/her authentic leadership style. These findings hold promise for managers in that they can use personality inventories and tests in the selection and evaluation process to select and train potential authentic leaders.Originality/valueWe proposed a unique idea and tested it using leader–subordinate dyadic data that are time-lagged to test our hypotheses.
Farm Diversification: Drivers, Barriers and Future Growth Potential
Authors: Jack Claire , Ashfield Austen , Adenuga Adewale Henry , Mullan Conall 
Published: December 2020

SummaryFamily farm businesses throughout Europe are facing new economic, environmental and social challenges. In order to deliver a more resilient primary agriculture sector, national and regional governments are identifying mechanisms to support farm businesses to adapt to these changing demands. This qualitative study explored the drivers of and barriers to farm diversification and its potential as a strategy to make farms more sustainable. Although there are a range of farm diversification strategies being pursued regionally, farm diversification is under‐exploited as an opportunity to achieve additional household income. Areas considered to have the potential for growth included, agri‐tourism, care services (including social farming), professional services and developing artisan food products. Beyond the need to generate new income sources, creating employment for other family members was considered an important motivation. Those factors identified as constraints to diversification included internet access, planning, business rates, support around skills development, networks and a farmer's own fear of failure. For smaller scale, family farm businesses located in more marginal areas, there is a need to identify a range of policy levers which support local farming systems and capture the multifaceted nature of the products and services that these farm businesses could provide and may be asked to deliver in the future.
Reaching under‐screened/never‐screened indigenous peoples with human papilloma virus self‐testing: A community‐based cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: MacDonald Evelyn Jane , Geller Stacie , Sibanda Nokuthaba , Stevenson Kendall , Denmead Lorna , Adcock Anna , Cram Fiona , Hibma Merilyn , Sykes Peter , Lawton Bev 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIndigenous women in the high‐income countries of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and USA, have a higher incidence and mortality from cervical cancer than non‐Indigenous women. Increasing cervical screening coverage could ultimately decrease cervical cancer disparities.AimsTo increase cervical screening for under‐screened/never‐screened Māori women.Materials and MethodsThis study was a cluster randomised controlled trial. Inclusion criteria were women aged 25–69, last screened ≥4 years ago, in Northland, New Zealand. The intervention arm was the offer of a human papilloma virus (HPV) self‐test and the control arm was the usual offer of standard care – a cervical smear. The primary outcome was rate of cervical screening in the intervention group compared to control in Māori, the Indigenous peoples of New Zealand. Six primary care clinics were randomly allocated to intervention or control.ResultsOf 500 eligible Māori women in the intervention arm, 295 (59.0%) were screened. Of 431 eligible Māori women in the control arm, 94 (21.8%) were screened. Adjusting for age, time since last screen, deprivation index, Māori women in the intervention arm were 2.8 times more likely to be screened than women in the control arm (95% CI: 2.4–3.1, P‐value <0.0001).ConclusionsOffer of HPV self‐testing could potentially halve the number of under‐screened/never‐screened Māori women and decrease cervical morbidity and mortality. These results may be generalisable to benefit Indigenous peoples facing similar barriers in other high‐income countries.
Remote electrical neuromodulation for acute treatment of migraine in adolescents
Authors: Hershey Andrew D. , Lin Tamar , Gruper Yaron , Harris Dagan , Ironi Alon , Berk Thomas , Szperka Christina L. , Berenson Frank 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesMigraine is a common disabling neurological disorder. Current acute treatments for migraine in adolescents are mostly pharmacological and may have limited effectiveness, can cause side effects, and may lead to medication overuse. There is an unmet need for effective and well‐tolerated treatments. Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) is a novel acute treatment of migraine that stimulates upper arm peripheral nerves to induce conditioned pain modulation (CPM)—an endogenous analgesic mechanism. The REN device (Nerivio®, Theranica Bio‐Electronics Ltd., Israel) is a FDA‐authorized device for acute treatment of migraine in adults. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of REN in adolescents with migraine.Design and MethodsThis was an open‐label, single‐arm, multicenter study in adolescents (ages 12–17 years) with migraine. Participants underwent a 4‐week run‐in phase. Eligible participants continued to an 8‐week treatment phase with the device. Pain severity, associated symptoms, and functional disability were recorded at treatment initiation, and 2 and 24 hours post‐treatment. The primary endpoints of this study were related to the safety and tolerability of REN. The secondary endpoints were related to device efficacy and included the proportion of participants who achieved pain relief at 2 hours post‐treatment and the proportion of participants who achieved pain freedom at 2 hours. The presented results reflect an interim analysis with subsequent stopping of the rest of the study.ResultsSixty participants were enrolled for the study; of these, 14 failed to meet the run‐in criteria and 1 was lost to follow‐up. Forty‐five participants performed at least one treatment, of which 39 participants completed a test treatment with REN. One device‐related adverse event (2%) was reported in which a temporary feeling of pain in the arm was felt. Pain relief and pain‐free at 2 hours were achieved by 71% (28/39) and 35% (14/39) participants, respectively. At 2 hours, 69% (23/33) participants experienced improvement in functional ability.ConclusionsREN may offer a safe and effective non‐pharmacological alternative for acute treatment in adolescents.
Short‐ and long‐term associations of atrial fibrillation catheter ablation with left atrial structure and function: A cardiac magnetic resonance study
Authors: Habibi Mohammadali , Lima Joao A. C. , Gucuk Ipek Esra , Spragg David , Ashikaga Hiroshi , Marine Joseph E. , Berger Ronald D. , Calkins Hugh , Nazarian Saman 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation on the left atrium (LA) are poorly understood.ObjectivesTo examine short‐ and long‐term associations of AF catheter ablation with LA function using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).MethodsFifty‐one AF patients (mean age 56 ± 8 years) underwent CMR at baseline, 1 day (n = 17) and 11 ± 2 months after ablation (n = 38). LA phasic volumes, emptying fractions (LAEF), and longitudinal strain were measured using feature‐tracking CMR. LA fibrosis was quantified using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE).ResultsThere were no acute changes in volume; however, active, total LAEF, and peak LA strain decreased significantly compared to the baseline. During long‐term follow‐up, there was a decrease in maximum but not minimum LA volume (from 99 ± 5.2 ml to 89 ± 4.7 ml; p = .009) and a decrease in total LAEF (from 43 ± 1.8% to 39 ± 2.0%; p = .001). In patients with AF recurrence, LA volumes were unchanged. However, total LAEF decreased from 38 ± 3% to 33 ± 3%; p = .015. Patients without AF recurrence had no changes in LA functional parameters during follow‐up. The amount of LA LGE at long‐term follow‐up was higher compared to the baseline, however, was significantly less compared to immediately post‐procedure (37 ± 1.9% vs. 47 ± 2.8%; p = .015). A higher increase in LA LGE extent compared to the baseline was associated with a greater decrease in total LAEF (r = −.59; p < .001).ConclusionsLA function is impaired acutely following AF catheter ablation. However, long‐term changes of LA function are associated positively with the successful restoration of sinus rhythm and inversely with increased LA LGE.
Same‐day opioid administration in opiate naïve patients is not associated with opioid‐induced esophageal dysfunction (OIED)
Authors: Balko Ryan A. , Katzka David A. , Murray Joseph A. , Alexander Jeffrey A. , Mara Kristin C. , Ravi Karthik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundOpioid‐induced esophageal dysfunction (OIED) is a recognized complication of chronic opioid use. However, the impact of acute opioid administration on esophageal motility remains unclear.MethodsOpioid naïve patients with high‐resolution manometry (HRM) <480 min following esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) (opioid‐HRM) and a control group with HRM <36 h prior to EGD between January 1, 2016, and November 10, 2018, from a single institution were identified. EGDs were performed exclusively with versed and fentanyl.Key ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐four patients were identified, with 83 (47.7%) opioid‐HRM and 91 (52.3%) controls. Mean time from EGD to HRM was 229 (78–435) min. Baseline clinical features and HRM indications were similar between opioid‐HRM and controls. Chicago classification v3.0 defined HRM findings were similar between groups. Major motility disorders as defined by the Chicago classification v3.0 occurred at a similar frequency among opioid‐HRM and controls (27.7% vs. 36.3%, p = 0.23). Mean distal contractile integrity (DCI) was higher in opioid‐HRM (1939.3 ± 1318.9 vs. 1792.2 ± 2062.3 mmHg∙cm∙s, p = 0.043), but maximum DCI, distal latency, and integrated relaxation pressure did not differ between groups. Subgroup analysis assessing time and dose dependency did not identify differences in individual manometric parameters and Chicago classification v3.0 diagnosis between patients with HRM <240 min after EGD, >240 min after EGD, ≥125 mcg of IV fentanyl, <125 mcg IV fentanyl and controls.Conclusions and InferencesSame‐day acute opioid administration did not affect HRM findings in opioid naïve patients. Studies assessing the pathophysiology of and duration‐dependent relationship with opioids in OIED are needed.
Evaluation of baked egg oral immunotherapy in French children with hen's egg allergy
Authors: Gruzelle Vianney , Juchet Agnès , Martin‐Blondel Audrey , Michelet Marine , Chabbert‐Broue Anne , Didier Alain 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntroduction and gradual incremental escalation of a low dose of baked egg may accelerate the resolution of severe hen's egg (HE) allergy for some children. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of baked egg oral immunotherapy (OIT) in children with HE allergy after a low‐dose baked egg oral food challenge (OFC).MethodsIn a retrospective analysis of OFC performed between 2013 and 2018 at the Children's Hospital of Toulouse (France), we identified 71 children with HE allergy and high egg‐white (EW) and ovomucoid specific IgE levels, who underwent a total of 164 OFC (71 baked egg, then 93 unbaked egg). Mean age at first low‐dose baked egg OFC was 6 years. Median EW specific IgE was 14.0 kUA/L, and median ovomucoid specific IgE was 11.7 kUA/L.ResultsMost children were treated with baked egg OIT. Our study shows that 78.9% of the children did not react to first low‐dose baked egg OFC (702 mg of HE protein). 8.7% of children discontinued OIT at home. Finally, desensitization to unbaked HE was achieved in 47 children (66.2% of children allergic to HE). Children with lower EW specific IgE levels had a significantly higher probability of becoming desensitized to HE. We did not report any anaphylactic reactions to baked egg OIT.ConclusionMost children with HE allergy and high egg‐white (EW) and ovomucoïd specific IgE levels tolerate the introduction of baked egg. Baked egg OIT is safe, and anaphylaxis to baked egg OIT has not been observed.
Contribution of retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons to CO2‐amplified cardiorespiratory activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Tian Yanming , Geng Danyang , Wang Yakun , Shi Luo , Yu Hongxiao , He Wei , Zhu Yufang , Jun Shirui , Fu Congrui , Wang Xin , Zhang Xiangjian , Yuan Fang , Wang Sheng 
Published: December 2020

Key points
This study demonstrates that both CO2‐induced respiratory and cardiovascular responses are augmented in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).
Genetic ablation of the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) neurons depresses enhanced hypercapnic ventilatory response and eliminates CO2‐stimulated increase in arterial pressure and heart rate in SHRs.
SHRs have a high protein level of pH‐sensitive channels in the RTN, including the TASK‐2 channel, Kv12.1 channel and acid‐sensing ion channel 3.
The inhibition of putative TASK‐2 channel activity by clofilium diminishes amplified hypercapnic ventilatory and cardiovascular responses, and reduces the number of CO2‐activated RTN neurons in SHRs.
These results indicate that RTN neurons contribute to enhanced CO2‐stimulated respiratory and cardiovascular responses in SHRs.
AbstractThe respiratory regulation of cardiovascular activity is essential for maintaining an efficient ventilation and perfusion ratio. Activation of central respiratory chemoreceptors not only elicits a ventilatory response but also regulates sympathetic nerve activity and arterial blood pressure (ABP). The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) is the most completely characterized cluster of central respiratory chemoreceptors. We hypothesize that RTN neurons contribute to augmented CO2‐stimulated respiratory and cardiovascular responses in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Our findings indicate that SHRs exhibit more enhanced hypercapnic cardiorespiratory responses than age‐matched normotensive Wistar–Kyoto rats. Genetic ablation of RTN neurons notably depresses an enhanced hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) and eliminates a CO2‐stimulated greater increase in ABP and heart rate in SHRs. In addition, SHRs have a higher protein level of pH‐sensitive channels in the RTN, including TASK‐2 channels, Kv12.1 channels and acid‐sensing ion channel 3. Administration of clofilium (i.p.), an unselective inhibitor of TASK‐2 channels, not only significantly reduces the enhanced HCVR but also inhibits CO2‐amplified increases in ABP and heart rate in SHRs. Moreover, clofilium significantly decreases the number of CO2‐activated RTN neurons in SHRs. Taken together, we suggest that RTN neurons play an important role in enhanced hypercapnic ventilatory and cardiovascular responses in SHRs and the putative mechanism involved is associated with TASK‐2 channel activity in the RTN.
Hinges and Curved Lamina Emergent Torsional Joints in Cylindrical Developable Mechanisms
Authors: Seymour Kendall , Bilancia Pietro , Magleby Spencer , Howell Larry 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cylindrical developable mechanisms are devices that conform to and emerge from a cylindrical surface. These mechanisms can be formed or cut from the cylinder wall itself. This paper presents a study on adapting traditional hinge options to achieve revolute motion in these mechanisms. A brief overview of options is given, including classical pin hinges, small-length flexural pivots, initially curved beams, and an adaptation of the membrane thickness-accommodation technique. Curved lamina emergent torsional (LET) joints are then evaluated in detail, and a thin-walled modeling assumption is checked analytically and empirically. A small-scale cylindrical developable mechanism is then evaluated with Nitinol curved LET joints.