bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal resource allocation and prolonged dormancy strategies in herbaceous plants
Authors: Watts J. Colton , Tenhumberg Brigitte 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the fitness consequences of different life histories is critical for explaining their diversity and for predicting effects of changing environmental conditions. However, current theory on plant life histories relies on phenomenological, rather than mechanistic, models of resource production.We combined a well‐supported mechanistic model of ontogenetic growth that incorporates differences in the size‐dependent scaling of gross resource production and maintenance costs with a dynamic optimization model to predict schedules of reproduction and prolonged dormancy (plants staying below ground for ≥1 growing season) that maximize lifetime offspring production.Our model makes three novel predictions: First, maintenance costs strongly influence the conditions under which a monocarpic or polycarpic life history evolves and how resources should be allocated to reproduction by polycarpic plants. Second, in contrast to previous theory, our model allows plants to compensate for low survival conditions by allocating a larger proportion of resources to storage and thereby improving overwinter survival. Incorporating this ecological mechanism in the model is critically important because without it our model never predicts significant investment into storage, which is inconsistent with empirical observations. Third, our model predicts that prolonged dormancy may evolve solely in response to resource allocation trade‐offs.Significance. Our findings reveal that maintenance costs and the effects of resource allocation on survival are primary determinants of the fitness consequences of different life history strategies, yet previous theory on plant life history evolution has largely ignored these factors. Our findings also validate recent arguments that prolonged dormancy may be an optimal response to costs of sprouting. These findings have broad implications for understanding patterns of plant life history variation and predicting plant responses to changing environments.
Plant protection services mediated by extrafloral nectaries decline with aridity but are not influenced by chronic anthropogenic disturbance in Brazilian Caatinga
Authors: Oliveira Fernanda M. P. , Câmara Talita , Durval José I. F. , Oliveira Caroline L. S. , Arnan Xavier , Andersen Alan N. , Ribeiro Elâine M. S. , Leal Inara R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Most terrestrial species occur in human‐modified landscapes that are experiencing climate change. In addition to direct impacts on species, both anthropogenic disturbance and climate change can have important effects through changes in species interactions, including the disruption of ecological services provided by them.

Here we investigate how chronic anthropogenic disturbance (CAD) and aridity affect the effectiveness of plant protection services provided by ants to plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs).

The study was conducted across 13 01‐ha plots distributed along CAD and aridity gradients in Caatinga vegetation of northeastern Brazil. We focused on Pityrocarpa moniliformis, the most abundant and widely distributed EFN‐bearing tree species occurring in our study area, and we used experimental attack rates on termites as a measure of effectiveness of ant protection services. We investigated the relative roles of nectar production (volume and concentration) and ant species composition in mediating the effects of CAD and aridity on the effectiveness of protection services.

Attack rates by ants declined with increasing aridity but were not related to CAD. The volume of extrafloral nectar declined with increasing CAD but was not affected by aridity, whereas the concentration was not related to either CAD or aridity. The composition of attendant ant species varied with aridity but not with CAD.

Synthesis. Our findings suggest that CAD does not affect plant‐protection services mediated by EFNs in Brazilian Caatinga. However, ant‐protection services declined with increased aridity, and this occurred through changes in the composition of attendant ant species rather than by changes in the production of extrafloral nectar. Such a response to increasing aridity highlights the vulnerability of EFN‐bearing plants to climate change through decreased predation of herbivores.
New dynamics of multinational migration: Chinese and Indian migrants in Singapore and Los Angeles
Authors: Zhan Shaohua , Aricat Rajiv , Zhou Min 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe emerging literature on multinational migration highlights migratory journeys that involve more than one country of destination. This article focuses on the lived experiences of new Chinese and Indian migrants in Singapore and Los Angeles. We conduct a novel three‐way comparison to examine personal choices to engage in additional migration(s) and to consider the reasons behind such moves. Drawing on in‐depth interviews and analyses of policy documents, we find that new, especially skilled, migrants from China and India actively participate in multinational migration. However, variations exist between these two national origin groups and between the two global cities. Factors affecting decisions about whether and where to further migrate include immigration policy of the host country, job opportunities, homeland economic development, and migration networks. Singapore regulates migrants' long‐term settlement more tightly than does the United States; thus, migrants in the former are more likely than the latter to move onward to another country. Due to a more robust economy in the homeland, Chinese migrants are more likely to return and are thus less likely to migrate to a third country than their Indian counterparts. Job opportunities and migration networks also have strong effects on personal decisions concerning additional migration(s).
Use of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves as beer ingredient, and their influence on beer chemical composition and antioxidant activity
Authors: Guglielmotti Manfredi , Passaghe Paolo , Buiatti Stefano 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOlive leaves are well known for their high polyphenol content and beneficial effects to human health. The two main phenolic compounds of olive leaves are oleuropein and 3‐hydroxytyrosol. Use of olive leaves as beer ingredient was evaluated, to investigate their contribution to bitterness and antioxidant activity of beer. Thirteen beer samples were produced, adding olive leaves during boiling at different boiling times, in different forms and concentrations. Three different forms were used: dry crumbled leaves, infusion, and atomized extract. The effects of olive leaves addition were evaluated through following analysis: total polyphenols content, oleuropein and 3‐hydroxytyrosol content, antioxidant capacity, sensory analysis, shelf‐life prediction. Results confirmed that addition of olive leaves highly increased polyphenol content of beers. Boiling time favored hydrolysis of oleuropein to 3‐hydroxytyrosol. Antioxidant activity was not influenced by addition of olive leaves. Higher polyphenol content of beer samples increased colloidal instability of beer. Sensory analysis results demonstrated that about 10 g/L of olive leaves imparts a sour/astringent taste and herbal aroma. A lower quantity of olive leaves (about 5 g/L) allowed to obtain a beer with a pleasant sensory profile.Practical ApplicationOur research was inspired by both the high interest in alternative ingredients able to add nutraceutical value to traditional food, and by the growing craft beer market, with its constant research for innovative and characterizing ingredients. This project has several aims: evaluate if olive leaves could partially substitute hops in beer bittering (reducing costs); if their addition increase beer polyphenol content; which amount and using technique gives the best results in terms of polyphenol extraction and sensory profile; how this addition influence beer stability. This work could then encourage new research about the nutraceutical value of this new type of beer.
Effects of brew strength, brew yield, and roast on the sensory quality of drip brewed coffee
Authors: Frost Scott C. , Ristenpart William D. , Guinard Jean‐Xavier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDrip brewed coffee is traditionally quantified in terms of its strength, also known as total dissolved solids (TDS), and its brewing yield, also known as percent extraction (PE). Early work in the 1950s yielded classifications of certain regimes of TDS and PE as “underdeveloped,” “bitter,” or “ideal,” with the modifiers “weak” or “strong” simply correlated with TDS. Although this standard is still widely used today, it omits a rich variety of sensory attributes perceptible in coffee. In this work, we used response surface methodology to evaluate the influence of TDS and PE on the sensory profile of drip brewed coffee. A representative wet‐washed Arabica coffee was roasted to three different levels (light, medium, or dark), with each roast then brewed to nine target brews that varied systematically by TDS and PE. Descriptive analysis found that 21 of the 30 evaluated attributes differed significantly across the brews for one or more experimental factors, yielding linear or second‐order response surfaces versus TDS and PE. Seven attributes exhibited a significant response surface for all three roast levels tested: burnt wood/ash flavor, citrus flavor, sourness, bitterness, sweetness, thickness, and flavor persistence. An additional seven attributes also showed a significant response surface fit across some but not all roasts. Importantly, sweetness exhibited an inverse correlation with TDS irrespective of roast, while dark chocolate flavor and blueberry flavor decreased with TDS for medium roast. These results provide new insight on how to optimize brewing conditions to achieve desired sensory profiles in drip brewed coffee.Practical ApplicationThis research provides guidance on how best to achieve specific flavor profiles in drip brewed coffee.
The effect of stock liquidity on investment efficiency under financing constraints and asymmetric information: Evidence from the United States
Authors: Quah Heidi , Haman Janto , Naidu Dharmendra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe examine whether the association between stock liquidity and investment efficiency is more pronounced for firms with more financial constraints and information asymmetry problems. The results show that the effect of higher stock liquidity on lowering under (over)‐investment is more pronounced for firms with more financial constraints and information asymmetry problems as proxied by younger and higher business risk firms, respectively. We also find similar results for firms with lower institutional ownership, more external financing dependence and higher idiosyncratic risks. The findings collectively suggest that the effect of stock liquidity in our setting is more pervasive for firms with more financial constraints and information asymmetry problems.
Do ETF flows increase market efficiency? Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Jilong , Xu Liao , Zhao Yang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFocusing on the equity exchange traded funds (ETFs) in China, we demonstrate the significant effect of ETF flows on the informativeness of the ETF index. Following the novel approach proposed by Xu et al (2019a). to identify different driving forces for ETF flows, we explore whether the forward‐looking ETF flows at a day’s closing substantially improve the index’s efficiency on the next day. The mechanism behind it is inter‐market information spread: the efficiency effect of the forward‐looking ETF flows strengthens when ETFs share more new information; and the forward‐looking ETF flows increase the information flow to the ETF index on the next day.
Response of female black bears to a high‐density road network and identification of long‐term road mitigation sites
Authors: Zeller K. A. , Wattles D. W. , Conlee L. , Destefano S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRoads can result in negative effects on wildlife including habitat loss, behavioral avoidance, reduced survival, reproduction and gene flow. These road effects are especially pronounced for large mammals given their large home‐range requirements and low reproductive rates. To counteract these negative effects, road mitigation measures, such as underpasses and overpasses, are promoted; however, future landscape changes are rarely considered when selecting mitigation locations. We used GPS telemetry data on female American black bears Ursus americanus to examine their response to roads in Massachusetts, US. We compared bear road crossing frequency with a null crossing model derived from a correlated random walk, estimated road crossing movement speeds, and fit a road‐crossing resource selection function. We found that, though black bears crossed roads less than expected based on the null model, 10% of their observed steps, on average, crossed roads. We also found bears crossed roads at higher movement speeds than during other home‐range behaviors, and that bears preferred to cross smaller, less trafficked roads in areas with lower speed limits, less human development and more forest. We used the resource selection model to identify road segments for potential mitigation efforts and then used future human development projections to forecast future changes in these segments. We found a decrease of 15% in the length of suitable mitigation segments from 2019 to 2050. Given the sizeable investment in wildlife crossing structures and their longevity on the landscape, we recommend incorporating future projections into crossing site selection to ensure the long‐term viability of road mitigation efforts.
Spatial distribution of aphids in the canopy of a temperate forest: where can they be found?
Authors: Platková Hana , Pyszko Petr , Coeur d´Acier Armelle , Jousselin Emmanuelle , Drozd Pavel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Temperate forest canopies support a high diversity of insects, but in comparison to the tropics, little is known about insect spatial distribution, particularly in terms of vertical stratification.
We used an aerial lift platform to sample a temperate floodplain forest canopy during two seasons. We aimed to describe patterns of aphid density and diversity in terms of vertical canopy stratification within a 0.2 ha forest plot.
Vertical gradient affected both the density and diversity of aphids. There was no general pattern in aphid distribution that applied to the eight tree species included in our survey. The aphid taxocoenosis was stratified differently on particular tree species and changed during the season.
Species composition was better explained by aboveground absolute position (in m), while aphid density was better explained by relative height in the tree (position in the crown). Considering that these factors were significant but that the same statistical models excluding any influence of relative or absolute position provided more robust explanations, we concluded that aphid spatial distribution in temperate forests is difficult to simplify. This likely depends on environmental factors, such as wind direction and strength, that affect aphid flight and landing.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection risk during elective peri‐operative care: a narrative review
Authors: Schutzer‐Weissmann J. , Magee D. J. , Farquhar‐Smith P. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe protection of healthcare workers from the risk of nosocomial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is a paramount concern. SARS‐CoV‐2 is likely to remain endemic and measures to protect healthcare workers against nosocomial infection will need to be maintained. This review aims to inform the assessment and management of the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission to healthcare workers involved in elective peri‐operative care. In the absence of data specifically related to the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission in the peri‐operative setting, we explore the evidence‐base that exists regarding modes of viral transmission, historical evidence for the risk associated with aerosol‐generating procedures and contemporaneous data from the COVID‐19 pandemic. We identify a significant lack of data regarding the risk of transmission in the management of elective surgical patients, highlighting the urgent need for further research.
A study on health and hygiene needs, strategies, and well‐being of an Aeta indigenous community in the Philippines through photovoice methods
Authors: Yang Eun‐Mi , Kim Jwakyum , Biag Al , Mangulabnan Jefferson , Dela Cruz Arlan , Sarmiento Philip Joseph 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOn a global scale, poor access to health and social welfare services for indigenous populations has threatened their overall well‐being, especially those living in remote or peripheral areas. Academics from two higher education institutions in South Korea and the Philippines conducted a community‐based research in an indigenous Aeta community in the highlands of Pampanga Province in the Philippines’ Central Luzon region. Using a photovoice method and community survey, they investigated family health and hygiene as well as the current strategies this indigenous community employs to address their concerns. Results revealed that the community lacks the basic human needs and services such as water, food, shelter, education, and health service. They demonstrated, however, resilience in managing their lives by making use of the available natural resources and by drawing strength from community spirit. This study provided insights on how higher education institutions and other concerned agencies craft initiatives intended to benefit vulnerable populations and underserved communities such as the indigenous peoples.
Metamizole but not ibuprofen reduces the plasma concentration of sertraline: Implications for the concurrent treatment of pain and depression/anxiety disorders
Authors: Gaebler Arnim Johannes , Schoretsanitis Georgios , Ben Omar Nagia , Haen Ekkehard , Endres Katharina , Hiemke Christoph , Paulzen Michael 
Published: July 2020

AimComorbidity of pain and depression or anxiety is a challenging clinical phenomenon, often requiring the concurrent application of antidepressant and analgesic drugs. Growing evidence suggests that the analgesic metamizole exhibits cytochrome P450 inducing properties. In the present study, we assessed the impact of metamizole and ibuprofen on plasma concentrations of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline.MethodsOut of a therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) database, three groups of patients were compared: patients receiving sertraline and metamizole (n = 15), patients receiving sertraline and ibuprofen (n = 19), and a matched control group without one of the analgesics (n = 19).ResultsMetamizole was associated with 67% lower median sertraline plasma concentrations compared to the control group (14 vs 42 ng/mL, P < 0.001). In contrast, differences between the ibuprofen group and the control group did not reach statistical significance (31 vs 42 ng/mL, P = 0.128). Moreover, the metamizole group demonstrated lower dose‐adjusted drug concentrations than the ibuprofen group (0.10 vs 0.26 (ng/mL)/(mg/day), P = 0.008). Finally, the metamizole group exhibited a higher proportion of patients whose sertraline concentrations were below the therapeutic reference range (40% in the metamizole group, 5% in the ibuprofen group, 0% in the control group, P = 0.005) indicating therapeutically insufficient drug concentrations.ConclusionOur findings support preliminary evidence that metamizole acts as a potent inductor of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP2B6 and CYP3A4. We observed a clinically meaningful pharmacokinetic interaction between metamizole and sertraline, leading to insufficiently low sertraline drug concentrations. Clinicians should therefore consider alternative drug combinations or apply TDM‐guided dose adjustment of sertraline.
The Late Pleistocene–Early Holocene palaeoenvironmental evolution in the SE Baltic region: a new approach based on chironomid, geochemical and isotopic data from Kamyshovoye Lake, Russia
Authors: Druzhinina Olga , Kublitskiy Yuriy , Stančikaitė Miglė , Nazarova Larisa , Syrykh Liudmila , Gedminienė Laura , Uogintas Domas , Skipityte Raminta , Arslanov Khikmatulla , Vaikutienė Giedrė , Kulkova Marianna , Subetto Dmitry 
Published: July 2020

The Kamyshovoye Lake sedimentary record in the southeastern Baltic Sea region was studied to reconstruct climatic fluctuations and the abiotic responses to them during the Lateglacial and Early Holocene. New results from chironomid, isotopic, palaeomagnetic and geochemical data analyses were correlated with earlier evidence of lithological and palynological changes in the Kamyshovoye Lake record. The section of the record that was studied covered the interval between 15 200 and 6500 cal. a BP. Palaeoclimatic reconstructions showed that during the Younger Dryas there was a two‐step decrease in the mean July temperature. The temperature dropped by 3 °C in the period from ̃12 650 to 12 300 cal. a BP, and then it dropped by another 0.5 °C to a minimum of 11.5 °C at 11 900 cal. a BP. During the Younger Dryas–Holocene transition, a temperature increase of 3 °C can be seen over a period of several centuries, inferred from the chironomid data. Further, the temperature curve showed that significant fluctuations continued until ̃9500 cal. a BP. During the coolings, the average July temperature dropped to values that were typical for the Younger Dryas, while values characteristic for the Allerød were only reached at around 9700 cal. a BP. After 9500 cal. a BP, a more stable, gradual increase in temperature was recorded. The short‐term Early Holocene climatic oscillations are clearly traced in the Kamyshovoye sequence, although the responses of the natural components are sometimes asynchronous. In the case of the Kamyshovoye study, the geochemical data seem to be a sensitive indicator of the climatic and environmental changes despite the absence of an evident response to the Holocene onset at ̃11 700 cal. a BP. Considerable changes in the geochemical pattern are recorded later, at ̃11 500 cal. a BP, coinciding with noticeable changes in the development of vegetation. The results obtained in this study contribute to a deeper understanding of how global climatic trends are manifested on a local scale.