bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Existence of Tropical Endorheic Lakes on Titan
Authors: Tokano Tetsuya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCassini detected numerous hydrocarbon seas/lakes in the polar region of Titan and wide areas of sand seas in the tropical region, which initially led to the perception that Titan's tropical region may be too dry for lakes. Yet, a few tropical lakes were possibly seen on Cassini's near‐infrared images, while they were not seen by other imaging instruments. This study shows by a lake balance model in combination with a global climate model and global topography map that a few lakes can perennially exist in Titan's tropical drainage basins of Shangri‐La, Tui Regio, and Hotei Regio. This is possible because the lakes are fed by precipitation in a huge catchment area, while efficient lake evaporation occurs only in a small area inside of deep topographic depressions. However, tropical lakes may occasionally desiccate due to orbitally forced changes in tropical precipitation.
The Brewer‐Dobson Circulation During the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Fu Qiang , White Rachel H. , Wang Mingcheng , Alexander Becky , Solomon Susan , Gettelman Andrew , Battisti David S. , Lin Pu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Brewer‐Dobson circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is investigated in simulations using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6. We examine vertical mass fluxes, age of stratospheric air, and the transformed Eulerian mean stream function and find that the modeled annual‐mean Brewer‐Dobson circulation during the LGM is almost everywhere slower than that in the modern climate (with or without anthropogenic ozone depleting substances). Compared to the modern climate, the annual‐mean tropical upwelling in the LGM is 11.3–16.9%, 11.2–15.8%, and 4.4–10.2% weaker, respectively, at 100, 70, and 30 hPa. Simulated decreases in annual‐mean mass fluxes at 70 and 100 hPa are caused by a weaker parameterized orographic gravity wave drag and resolved wave drag, respectively.
Footprint of Tropical Mesoscale Convective System Variability on Stratospheric Water Vapor
Authors: Dong W. H. , Lin Y. L. , Zhang M. H. , Huang X. M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMesoscale convective systems (MCSs) play a dominant role in tropical climate. However, the variabilities of their occurrences on a tropical‐wide scale remain elusive, and the way they impact the tropical stratospheric moisture remains under debate. Based on a comprehensive global MCS data set during 1985–2008, we detect distinct transitions in tropical MCS activities, with the occurrence frequency of MCS during 1995–2002 being significantly lower than those before and after this period by over 10%. The stepwise transition of tropical MCSs has a significant impact on stratospheric water vapor: Active MCS occurrences result in an overall drier stratosphere, and vice versa. We demonstrate that these changes are closely related to the sea surface temperature pattern in the tropical central Pacific and the associated Walker circulation shift on convective systems. Our results suggest that the sea surface temperature variability in tropical central Pacific may exert an important forcing on the stratospheric water vapor.
Observational Evidence of State‐Dependent Positive and Negative Land Surface Feedback on Afternoon Deep Convection Over the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Qiu Shaoyue , Williams Ian N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe detection of soil moisture‐precipitation feedback is complicated by the dependence of feedback sign on atmospheric state and cloud types. We evaluated responses of convective clouds to changes in surface evaporative fraction (EF) from satellite and ground‐based measurements over the Southern Great Plains in summer months. Strong responses to EF were inferred only after accounting for tropospheric states supporting systematically positive or negative responses. State dependence (inferred from controlled model experiments) explains the weak response found in previous studies. The probability of transitions from shallow to deep cumulus, and subsequent precipitation onset, increases by 58% over drier surfaces in weakly stratified environments having deeper boundary layers. Boundary layer dynamics play a more important role than low‐level relative humidity in these environments. Wetter surfaces yield increased deep convection in moist and thermally stratified environments. The distinct pathways of convective initiation over dry and wet land surfaces can play important roles in drought onset and termination.
Local‐Time Variabilities of March Equinox Daytime SABER CO2 in the Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Region
Authors: Salinas Cornelius Csar Jude H. , Chang Loren C. , Liang Mao‐Chang , Yue Jia , Qian Liying , Gan Quan , Chiu Yi‐Chung , Russell James , Mlynczak Martin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis work reports the analysis of the local‐time variations of daytime CO2 in the Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere region as observed by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument onboard the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite. Results show that daytime SABER CO2 in the upper mesosphere between latitudes 30°S and 50°N is lower in the morning than in the afternoon. The same was found in the lower thermosphere but between latitudes 50°S and 50°N. The opposite was found in the upper mesosphere between 50°S and 30°S. These results are compared to simulations of CO2 by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model–eXtended. It was found that the local‐time variations of Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model–eXtended CO2 are weaker than SABER CO2. Model diagnostics indicated that these local‐time variations in the model are driven primarily (secondarily) by strong vertical (meridional) gradients in Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere CO2 volume mixing ratios and strong local‐time variations in vertical (meridional) winds. This work concludes that SABER CO2 shows significant local‐time variations that are not well simulated by Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model–eXtended, and we suggest that this is likely because of weaker tidal forcing in the model.
Three‐Dimensional Hydrochemical Model for Dissolutional Growth of Fractures in Karst Aquifers
Authors: Li Sanbai , Kang Zhijiang , Feng Xia‐Ting , Pan Zhejun , Huang Xiaote , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper is intended to present a newly developed, comprehensive model to understand hydrochemical behaviors related to dissolutional growth of complex fractures underground. Under a fully implicit solution framework, the finite volume approach is employed to solve the reactive‐convective‐dispersive system. Based on the embedded discrete fracture model, a novel modeling approach is proposed to describe dissolutional fractures with various apertures in three dimensions (3‐D). This model is verified against preexisting numerical models. Then, a 3‐D field case study regarding hypogene speleogenesis in a deep‐seated, artesian setting is carried out, based on field data concerning karst terrain compiled from Western Ukraine. Finally, we perform a case study to elucidate the finger‐like dissolution process related to a synthetic 3‐D fracture network in gypsum and limestone with heterogeneous aperture fields. Simulation results suggest that (a) the combination of the kinetic trigger mechanism and the transverse speleogenesis concept favors the generation of hierarchical caves in homogeneous fractures; (b) the mechanism of reactive infiltration instabilities determines dissolutional propagation in gypsum with rough fractures; and (c) in limestone, nonlinear kinetics matters for both uniform‐ and variable‐aperture fractures.
Dop‐NET: a micro‐Doppler radar data challenge
Authors: Ritchie M. , Capraru R. , Fioranelli F. 
Published: February 2020

Radar sensors have a new growing application area of dynamic hand gesture recognition. Traditionally radar systems are considered to be very large, complex and focused on detecting targets at long ranges. With modern electronics and signal processing it is now possible to create small compact RF sensors that can sense subtle movements over short ranges. For such applications, access to comprehensive databases of signatures is critical to enable the effective training of classification algorithms and to provide a common baseline for benchmarking purposes. This Letter introduces the Dop‐NET radar micro‐Doppler database and data challenge to the radar and machine learning communities. Dop‐NET is a database of radar micro‐Doppler signatures that are shareable and distributed with the purpose of improving micro‐Doppler classification techniques. A continuous wave 24 GHz radar module is used to capture the first contributions to the Dop‐NET database and classification results based on discriminating these hand gestures as shown.
Dynamic image reconstruction and synthesis framework using deep learning algorithm
Authors: Jeyaraj Pandia Rajan , Samuel Nadar Edward Rajan 
Published: February 2020

This research study shows an effective deformable complex 3D image reconstruction and image synthesis technique by consolidating needed high‐level features from a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) system. By recognising the inherent deep features in image patches lead to information discovery in medicinal imaging. Utilising the ADNI and LONI imaging datasets, the performance of the proposed deep learning algorithm image reconstruction and synthesis performance was verified. For validation, various performance indices obtained with the proposed deep learning algorithm were compared with two conventional algorithms namely support vector machine and CNN. Likewise, to reveal the adaptability of the proposed image reconstruction and synthesis system, synthesis and reconstruction experiments were directed on the 7 T cerebrum magnetic resonance image. As presented in the study outcomes, the proposed method can accomplish predominant performance compared with other cutting‐edge techniques with either low‐ or high‐level features in terms of the synthesis and reconstruction rate. The proposed algorithm has a training time of 5 s with a structural similarity index of 0.97. In all investigations, the outcome shows that the proposed image reconstruction framework reliably exhibited progressively precise outcomes when contrasted with best in class. Hence, it can be used for possible precise image reconstruction and synthesis related applications.
Non‐linear calibration optimisation based on the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm
Authors: Hu Guoliang , Zhou Zuofeng , Cao Jianzhong , Huang Huimin 
Published: February 2020

An outstanding calibration algorithm is the most important factor that affects the precision of attitude measurement. This study proposes a non‐linear optimisation algorithm to refine the solutions of the initial guess obtained using the Zhang's technique, the Bouget's technique, or the Hartley's algorithm. Large sets of point correspondences were adopted to test the validity of the proposed method. Extensive practical experiments demonstrated that the proposed method can significantly improve the accuracy of calibration and ultimately obtains higher measurement precision. The error of the reprojection in the proposed method was <0.13 px. At a range of 1 m, the error rate was 0.5% for the length test and about 3% for the angle test. This study proposes a new method to calibrate the relationship between laser radar and the camera. Binocular vision was used to reconstruct the point cloud of the non‐cooperative target. At the same time, data was also obtained using laser radar. Finally, the two groups of systems were fused. Accurate and dense three‐dimensional information of the target was obtained. It could not only obtain the dense pose information of the target surface but also the texture and colour feature information of the target surface.
Gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy versus gastric electrical stimulation in the treatment of refractory gastroparesis: a propensity score-matched analysis of long term outcomes
Authors: Shen Shanshan , Luo Hui , Vachaparambil Cicily , Mekaroonkamol Parit , Abdelfatah Mohamed M. , Xu Guifang , Chen Huimin , Xia Liang , Shi Hong , Keilin Steve , Willingham Field , Christie Jennifer , Lin Edward , Cai Qiang 
Published: February 2020

Background Gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G-POEM) and gastric electrical stimulation (GES) have been reported as treatment options for refractory gastroparesis. In this study, we compared the long term clinical outcomes of G-POEM versus GES in the treatment of such patients.
Methods We retrospectively evaluated 111 consecutive patients with refractory gastroparesis between January 2009 and August 2018. To overcome selection bias, we used propensity score matching (1:1) between G-POEM and GES treatment. The primary outcome was the duration of clinical response.
Results After propensity score matching, 23 patients were included in each group. After a median follow-up of 27.7 months, G-POEM had a significantly better and longer clinical response than GES (hazard ratio [HR] for clinical recurrence 0.39, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.16 – 0.95; P = 0.04). The median duration of response was 25.4 months (95 %CI 8.7 – 42.0) in the GES group and was not reached in the G-POEM group. The Kaplan – Meier estimate of 24-month clinical response rate was 76.6 % with G-POEM vs. 53.7 % with GES. GES appeared to have little effect on idiopathic gastroparesis (HR for recurrence with G-POEM vs. GES 0.35, 95 %CI 0.13 – 0.95; P = 0.05). The incidence of adverse events was higher in the GES group (26.1 % vs. 4.3 %; P = 0.10).
Conclusion Among patients with refractory gastroparesis, clinical response was better and lasted longer with G-POEM than with GES. The positive outcomes with G-POEM are likely to derive from the superior clinical response in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Assessing the Quality of Life of Filipino Cancer Patients: A Survey of Filipino Oncologists
Authors: Ting Frederic Ivan , Callueng Jose Miguel , Vallente Jeremiah , Hurtado Reya Andrea , Ramirez Arjel , Catedral Lance Isidore , King Rich Ericson , Velasco Rogelio , Mondragon Karen Anjela , Ignacio Jorge , Ngelangel Corazon 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction Recent trials of new drugs have placed much emphasis on survival. However, several guidelines have emphasized the need for assessing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as part of the holistic approach in the management of cancer patients. There are currently no national governing guidelines and no existing data on the status of HRQoL assessments by Filipino oncologists, thus this study.
Study Design This was a cross-sectional study that utilized a validated questionnaire. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the data.
Results A total of 312 oncologists participated in this study. Majority were medical oncologists (41%), followed by radiation oncologists (25%), hematologists (14%), gynecologic oncologists (12%), and surgical oncologists (8%). About 96% reported that HRQoL assessment was important for clinical work; however, 58% perceived HRQoL to be a vague term and 55% felt they were insufficiently trained to assess HRQoL. About 89% reported that they will be more confident if local HRQoL assessment guidelines will be present, and 93% agreed to the use of a unified HRQoL assessment tool for Filipino cancer patients. About 85% thought that the optimal number of questions for a HRQoL assessment tool should be between 5 and 15 questions. The significant predictors of HRQoL assessment among oncologists were field of oncology and years in practice/training (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Filipino oncologists perceived HRQoL patient assessments to be important in clinical practice. However, majority did not know which tool to use and did not feel sufficiently trained to assess HRQoL. The creation of a practice guideline that would facilitate the use of a unified HRQoL assessment tool for Filipino cancer patients is highly recommended.
Separating (non-)figurative weeds from wheat
Authors: Brdar Mario , Brdar-Szabó Rita , Perak Benedikt 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
While approaches developed to recognize
figurative expressions in discourse widely differ with respect to
their formalization, most of them aim for the identification of the
figurativeness as directly as possible. There is, however, another
promising starting point – to turn our back to figurative wheat and
attend to non-figurative weeds first, identifying and subsequently
eliminating them from further consideration. On the basis of a
methodological exercise consisting of several small-scale case
studies involving English and Croatian material, we claim that by
approaching metaphors in a negative way we can achieve a high
success rate while using considerably leaner tools. We also show
that the situation with conceptual metonymies seems to be very
different, i.e. searching for literal uses first and then for
metonymic ones, does not lead to the same success.
A multi-level view of metaphor and some of its advantages
Authors: Kövecses Zoltán 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the way in which we think
about our conceptual system and puts forward a number of questions
related to its essential structures in terms of their schematicity.
It is proposed that image schemas, domains, frames and mental spaces
are interconnected in metaphorical conceptualization. A detailed
analysis of the source domain of building is carried out in
order to pin down the kind of distinctions that we may postulate
regarding its operation with a view to depicting the functioning of
the system. The multi-layered view of metaphor is advanced, which
can accommodate many aspects of metaphor and account for a number of
metaphor-related phenomena in a unified manner.
Intensification via figurative language
Authors: Athanasiadou Angeliki 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Figurative language, generally speaking, involves
intended meaning; it is employed in order to communicate something
beyond the very meaning of the elements of a construction. This is
largely accomplished by the incongruence of domains, scripts, frames
or entities that participate in the conceptualization and the
expression of figuration. Irony, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, or
metonymy are witnessed to come to the surface, depending on the
degree of incongruity between sources and targets. Each figurative
process highlights different degrees of intensification.
Intensification seems also to be due not only to the type of figure
but to two additional parameters as well: the evocation of more than
one figure and the special constructional patterns of the usage
involved.
Metaphorical adjective-noun phrases in German journalese
Authors: De Knop Sabine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The study explores metaphorical adjective-noun
phrases (ANPs) and describes the semantics behind the polysemous
structure of ANPs. The data for the research have been collected in
German newspapers. The whole ANP-construction provides an overall
figurative frame and tends to influence the metaphorical use of the
adjective in that construction. As the study shows the same
syntactic structure can refer to different metaphorical or literal
predications. The role of the context is also discussed as well as
the nature of the adjective in the ANP.
Metonymy meets coercion
Authors: Gonzálvez-García Francisco 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Drawing on Cognitive Construction Grammar (Goldberg, 2006), this
chapter furnishes a usage-based analysis of coercion involving the
intensification of a prima facie non-gradable
category, such as nouns. Our data analysis reveals that, in
present-day Spanish, intensifiers (e.g. muy ‘very’,
bastante ‘very’, completamente
‘completely’, totalmente ‘totally’, etc.) can
felicitously combine, in attributive and predicative contexts, with
proper and common nouns connected with fairly disparate semantic
areas such as celebrities, animals, internet, music, etc. In these
cases, the intensifier coerces the noun into encoding a positive or
negative property through a generic for specific metonymic
parameterization (Ruiz de
Mendoza Ibáñez and Pérez Hernández, 2001). The analysis
proposed here can nicely capture the semantico-pragmatic
commonalities in these two environments, while also accommodating
the non-alternation of muy (‘very’) with other
intensifiers in lower-level predicative configurations with a
concessive interpretation.
Sources of pragmatic effects in irony and hyperbole
Authors: Colston Herbert L. , Carreno Ann 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
How persuasion is accomplished by speakers who
use hyperbole and irony, in response to accusations of wrong-doing,
was investigated in three experiments. Results confirmed a predicted
dissociation – when accused speakers exaggerate denials (e.g., “I
have never, ever stolen anything from this store”), they look
relatively guilty compared to using no exaggeration (e.g., “I did
not steal from this store”). But when accused speakers exaggerate
ironic denials (e.g., “Oh sure, I have always,
stolen everything from this store”), they are perceived as
comparatively innocent relative to using no exaggeration. This
dissociation is also not due to differences in
hyperbolizing-toward-zero, versus hyperbolizing-toward-infinity, a
difference which can affect pragmatic effects leveraged by hyperbole
(Colston & Keller,
1998). The results are interpreted as demonstrating the
operation of psychological figurative comprehension and influence
mechanisms both in parallel to and independent from similar
pragmatic mechanisms found in some theories of linguistic pragmatics
(e.g., Relevance Theory).
Metaphorical interplay of words and gestures in the Catholic
liturgy
Authors: Kuczok Marcin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter analyzes selected Catholic
liturgical rituals as motivated by verbal and gestural metaphors.
Lakoff and Johnson
(2003/1980) claim that the conceptual systems of
religions are of metaphorical nature. The Catholic liturgy contains
a number of gestures and movements used in worship, for instance,
kneeling, bowing, raising hands, standing up, joining hands
together, prostrating, beating oneself in the chest, or washing the
hands. These gestures are often accompanied by specific spoken
formulas, which express humiliation before God, regret for one’s
sins, submission to God, readiness to listen to God’s word, or
response to His will. The aim of this Chapter is to show that in
line with the claim that metaphor is a multimodal phenomenon (Forceville, 2009), it is
possible to interpret the interplay of words and certain liturgical
gestures as metaphorical.
Cutting and breaking metaphors of the self and the Motivation &
Sedimentation Model
Authors: Devylder Simon , Zlatev Jordan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Why are expressions of irreversible separation
(e.g. I feel torn apart) used to speak about the
self? Are they to be treated as metaphorical? We address these
questions by using concepts and methods from cognitive semiotics,
and especially the conceptual-empirical loop. We
develop identification and classification procedures based on
intersubjective intuitions, and apply these to data from a corpus of
personal descriptions of traumatic experiences. To provide a
principled explanation of these expressions, we employ the
Motivation & Sedimentation Model (hereafter, MSM), which
distinguishes between three interacting levels of meaning making:
the Situated, the Sedimented, and the Embodied. On this basis we
provide a definition of metaphor, leading to the conclusion that
most instances of expressions in the sample would qualify as
metaphorical, while affirming that metaphoricity is a scalar
notion.