bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the flow field, thermal performance, and heat transfer augmentation in circular tube using different dimple geometrical configurations with internal twisted‐tape insert
Authors: Al‐Obaidi Ahmed Ramadhan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, a numerical investigation for the fluid flow field analysis using different configuration dimple parameters in conjunction with an internal type insert in pipe is carried out. The effects of the dimple diameters with a center twisted tape on the flow pattern, pressure drop, friction factor, and heat transfer characteristics are investigated. The influence of the latter device on heat performance and thermal‐hydraulic performance evaluation factor (PEF) were carried out in a pipe for fully developed flow with range for fully developed flow with range of Reynolds number (Re) of 1573 and 23 592. Experiments with numerical models are performed using different dimpled dimeters by inserting twisted tapes. The outcomes observe that the qualitative analysis for flow fields such as static pressure, dynamic pressure, velocity magnitude, wall shear stress, and turbulent kinetic energy as well as the quantities analysis for pressure drop, heat transfer coefficient friction factor, and Nu number in dimpled pipe fitted with twisted tape are greater than plain pipe. This is because using these devices cause more secondary flow, swirl flow, and flow mixing that lead to higher turbulence, which, in turn, enhance the overall heat transfer. The results indicated that the lower and higher values of thermal PEF are about 0.78 and 1.6, respectively, at the dimple dimmers of 1 mm.
Unsteady natural convection magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point flow with assisting and opposing characteristics: Buongiorno model
Authors: Sreedhar Babu M. , Ramana Velpula V. , Ravisankar G. , Raju C. S. K. , Bashir M. N. , Shehzad Sabir A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this investigation, the flow of an unsteady mixed convection boundary layer viscous nanofluid on a stretchable sheet is considered. The flow examination is affected by a magnetic field. The reason for the examination exhibited is to create models for nanomaterials that incorporate the Brownian movement and thermophoresis phenomena. The created nonlinear standard differential condition is illuminated numerically utilizing the Runge‐Kutta‐Gill technique and the start program. The different factors of speed, temperature, and concentration are reported and discussed. The examination shows that the speed, temperature, and concentration are lower in contrast with the consistent stream on account of an assisting flow, whereas the opposite situation is noticed in the opposing flow case. The effects of Brownian movement and thermophoresis in the concentration case are totally different.
Melting heat transfer analysis of electrically conducting nanofluid flow over an exponentially shrinking/stretching porous sheet with radiative heat flux under a magnetic field
Authors: Venkatadri K. , Abdul Gaffar S. , Rajarajeswari P. , Prasad V. Ramachandra , Anwar Bég O. , Hidayathulla Khan B. Md. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractModern magnetic nanomaterial processing operations are progressing rapidly and require increasingly sophisticated mathematical models for their optimization. Stimulated by such developments, in this paper, a theoretical and computational study of a steady magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid over an exponentially stretching/shrinking permeable sheet with melting (phase change) and radiative heat transfer is presented. Besides, wall transpiration, that is, suction and blowing (injection), is included. This study deploys Buongiorno's nanofluid model, which simulates the effects of the Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The transport equations and boundary conditions are normalized via similarity transformations and appropriate variables, and the similarity solutions are shown to depend on the transpiration parameter. The emerging dimensionless nonlinear coupled ordinary differential boundary value problem is solved numerically with the Newton‐Fehlberg iteration technique. Validation with special cases from the literature is included. The increase in the magnetic field, that is, the Hartmann number, is observed to elevate nanoparticle concentration and temperature, whereas it dampens the velocity. Higher values of the melting parameter consistently decelerate the boundary layer flow and suppress temperature and nanoparticle concentration. A higher radiative parameter strongly increases temperature (and thermal boundary layer thickness) and weakly accelerates the flow. The increase in the Brownian motion reduces nanoparticle concentrations, whereas a greater thermophoretic body force strongly enhances them. The Nusselt number and Sherwood number are observed to be decreased with an increasing Hartmann number, whereas they are elevated with a stronger wall suction and melting parameter.
Heat transfer characteristics of an external‐fin‐assisted two‐phase closed thermosyphon: An experimental study
Authors: Alizadeh Milad , Ganji Davood Domiri 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the current paper, the performance of an external‐fin‐assisted thermosyphon is investigated experimentally. The thermosyphon is produced with a copper tube and includes three parts—the evaporator, the adiabatic, and the condenser. The condenser part is enhanced with external longitudinal fins. In this study, different number of fins, filling ratios (FRs), coolant flow rates, a wide range of heat inputs, and initial absolute pressures are considered. The experiments are carried out by measurement of temperature distribution of the thermosyphon's wall and the temperature difference of the coolant. The results depict that increasing the heat input and FR reduces the thermal resistance, while raising the coolant flow rate augments the thermal resistance. Adding external fins to the condenser causes further condensation, which enhances the thermosyphon thermal performance by a reduction of 26.32% in thermal resistance and an increment of 28.55% in the thermosyphon efficiency.
Advances of nanofluids in heat exchangers—A review
Authors: Menni Younes , Chamkha Ali J. , Ameur Houari 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecently, many researchers have focused on their studies on the analysis of nanofluid flows due to their participation in the enhancement of heat transfer rates in industrial processes. The ordinary fluids, such as water, mineral oils, and so on, are known for their low thermal conductivity in heat transfer processes. A significant enhancement in the thermal properties of ordinary fluid may be obtained by adding nanoparticles having a diameter of less than 100 nm or suspension of fibers. Better spreading, wetting, dispersion, and stability and with acceptable viscosity are the main advantageous properties of nanofluids on a solid surface. The nanofluids are encountered in various thermal engineering systems such as in heat exchangers, refrigeration, thermal management of fuel cells, cooling of nuclear reactors, microelectromechanical systems, and others. In particular, the thermal conversion is known as a great application of nanotechnology, and many studies have been achieved with such fluids in heat exchangers. Therefore, this paper aims to present a global insight into the different applications of nanofluids in various heat exchangers, that is, heat pipe and plate‐fin heat exchangers. All research works have been summarized into three main parts: laminar, transition, and turbulent nanofluid flow regimes.
Menopausal hormone therapy use and long‐term all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project
Authors: Wang Tengteng , Bradshaw Patrick T. , Moorman Patricia G. , Nyante Sarah J. , Nichols Hazel B. , Shantakumar Sumitra , Parada Humberto , Khankari Nikhil K. , Terry Mary Beth , Teitelbaum Susan L. , Neugut Alfred I. , Gammon Marilie D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have observed a reduced mortality risk associated with menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use among breast cancer survivors. We sought to clarify whether such association could be explained by tumor heterogeneity, specific causes of death, confounding from comorbidities or health behaviors, and a comparison group of women without breast cancer. We interviewed 1508 women newly diagnosed with first primary breast cancer in 1996 to 1997 (~3 months after diagnosis), and 1556 age‐matched women without breast cancer, about MHT use history. The National Death Index was used to ascertain vital status after a median of 17.6 years of follow‐up (N = 597 deaths for breast cancer subjects). Multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for all‐cause mortality, and cause‐specific HR (cHR) for breast cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The Fine‐Gray model was used to account for competing causes of death. Among women with breast cancer, ever vs never MHT use was inversely associated with all‐cause (HR = 0.77, 95%CI = 0.62‐0.95), breast cancer‐specific (cHR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.48‐0.98), and CVD‐specific mortality (cHR = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.38‐0.85). Difference of the association was observed in breast cancer‐specific mortality according to hormone receptor status (negative tumors: cHR = 0.44, 95%CI = 0.19‐1.01; positive tumors: cHR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.60‐1.53). Among the comparison group, we observed similar, but more modest inverse associations for all‐cause and CVD‐specific mortality. MHT use was inversely associated with mortality after breast cancer, even after accounting for competing causes of death and multiple confounders, and was evident among women without breast cancer. Potential heterogeneity by hormone receptor status requires more study.
Platinum‐based chemotherapy in advanced triple‐negative breast cancer: A multicenter real‐world study in China
Authors: Chen Yimeng , Guan Yin , Wang Jiayu , Ma Fei , Luo Yang , Chen Shanshan , Zhang Pin , Li Qing , Cai Ruigang , Li Qiao , Mo Hongnan , Lan Bo , Chen Xuelian , Zhao Weihong , Xu Binghe , Fan Ying 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlatinum‐based chemotherapy (PBC) has proven benefits in phase III studies for advanced triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients; however, real‐world data of large samples from multiple centers are lacking. Our study was to compare the effectiveness of PBC and non‐PBC in advanced TNBC patients in multicenter real‐world settings. Totally, 495 patients with advanced TNBC receiving PBC (n = 350) or non‐PBC (n = 145) at four cancer centers in China between 2003 and 2019 were included. Treatment responses and outcomes were compared between the two groups from first‐line to third‐line treatment. Of patients with PBC, 249 (71.1%) received PBC from first‐line chemotherapy, 86 (24.6%) from second‐line and 15 (4.3%) from third‐line treatment. In first‐line treatment, PBC was superior to non‐PBC in objective response rate (ORR, 53.0% vs 32.1%, P < .001) and median progression‐free survival (PFS, 8.4 vs 6.0 months, P = .022), whereas overall survival (OS) was similar (19.2 vs 16.8 months, P = .439). When comparing patients receiving non‐PBC doublets (n = 221) with those receiving PBC doublets (n = 249), the same trend was observed in ORR (32.6% vs 53.0%, P < .001), median first‐line PFS (6.5 vs 8.4 months, P = .041) and median first‐line OS(17.8 vs 19.2 months, P = .568). Paclitaxel/docetaxel + platinum was more likely to be used, followed by gemcitabine + platinum. In second/third‐line treatment, PBC yielded a similar response and survival compared to non‐PBC. Adding PBC in the first‐line therapy was better than that in the latter‐line of treatment in terms of ORR, PFS and OS (P < .001). Toxic effects of PBC were tolerable and the most common adverse event was neutropenia (38.6%). PBC doublets exhibited superior efficacy and manageable toxicity compared to non‐PBC doublets in the first‐line treatment for Chinese mTNBC patients.
Recent insights into the role of L1CAM in cancer initiation and progression
Authors: Altevogt Peter , Ben‐Ze'ev Avri , Gavert Nancy , Schumacher Udo , Schäfer Heiner , Sebens Susanne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFirst described as a neuronal cell adhesion molecule, L1CAM was later identified to be present at increased levels in primary tumors and metastases of various types of cancer. Here, we describe the multifaceted roles of L1CAM that are involved in diverse fundamental steps during tumor initiation and progression, as well as in chemoresistance. Recently, Ganesh et al reported that L1CAM identifies metastasis‐initiating cells in colorectal carcinoma exhibiting stem‐like cell features, increased tumorigenic potential and enhanced chemoresistance. In this review, we highlight recent advances in L1CAM research with particular emphasis on its role in de‐differentiation processes and cancer cell stemness supporting the view that L1CAM is a powerful prognostic factor and a suitable target for improved therapy of metastatic and drug‐resistant tumors.
Defining benchmarks for tolerable risk thresholds in cancer screening: Impact of HPV vaccination on the future of cervical cancer screening
Authors: Tota Joseph E. , Isidean Sandra D. , Franco Eduardo L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe performance of cervical cancer screening will decline as a function of lower disease prevalence—a consequence of successful human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Replacement of cytology with molecular HPV testing as the primary screening test and adoption of risk‐based screening, with less intense screening of vaccinated individuals and initiated at older ages is expected to improve efficiency. However, policy officials may decide to further reduce or eliminate screening as the ratio of benefits to harms continues to decline. To evaluate the level of risk currently tolerated for different cancers in the United States (ie, for which clinical guidelines do not recommend secondary prevention though effective screening methods exist), we used US cancer registry data to compare incidence (2008‐2012) and survival (1988‐2011) associated with different cancers for which organized screening is recommended and not recommended. The most common cancer at ages 70 to 74 years (ie, age group with highest cancer incidence and reasonable life expectancy to consider screening in the US) satisfying Wilson and Jungner's classic screening criteria was vulvar cancer (incidence = 9/100 000 females). In comparison, the incidence of cervical cancer among females 65 years of age (the upper recommended age limit for screening) was 13 cases per 100 000 females (low as a reflection of effective screening), whereas 10‐year survival was 66% (similar to vulvar cancer at 67%). Our approach of defining tolerable risk in cancer screening could help guide future decisions to modify cervical screening programs.
Cancer‐specific ischemic complications in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: Data from the prospective ATHERO‐AF study
Authors: Pastori Daniele , Menichelli Danilo , Bucci Tommaso , Violi Francesco , Pignatelli Pasquale ,   ATHERO‐AF study group
Published: June 2020

AbstractCancer may complicate the clinical course of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) but its association with cardiovascular events (CVEs) remains unclear. We performed a prospective cohort study including 2092 consecutive AF patients on vitamin K antagonists. Principal endpoint was the occurrence of CVEs including fatal/nonfatal myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack and cardiovascular death. Secondary endpoints were major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and thromboembolism (TE). Mean age was 73.7 ± 9.1 years and 42.1% were women; 367 (17.5%) patients had cancer: 21% gastrointestinal (GI), 10% respiratory, 28% genitourinary and 41% had other localization. Cancer patients were older but with similar comorbidities than those without. During a mean of 35.9 months, 203 CVEs occurred (incidence rate [IR] = 3.24 per 100 patient‐years): 133 MACEs (IR = 2.12 per 100 patient‐years) and 70 TE (IR = 1.12 per 100 patient‐years). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed an association between GI cancer and MACE occurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.59‐6.52, P = .001) and between respiratory cancer and TE (HR = 3.37, 95% CI = 1.30‐8.75, P = .013). These associations were confirmed at competing risk analysis. In conclusion, AF patients with cancer have specific vascular outcomes according to cancer site, as indicated by the higher risk of MACE and TE in patients with gastrointestinal and respiratory cancer, respectively.
The Folding of Knotted Proteins: Distinguishing the Distinct Behavior of Shallow and Deep Knots
Authors: Piejko Maciej , Niewieczerzal Szymon , Sulkowska Joanna I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe mechanism of deep knot formation in proteins has been debated for the past two decades, but definitive answers are still lacking. In this review, we first describe knotted proteins from the perspective of shallow and deep knots, taking into account recent experimental and theoretical results. We focus on the folding mechanism, where this difference is most profound. We explain in more details the cotranslational knotting pathway. Then, we additionally show that proteins with extremely deep knots have a distinct mechanism of knotting from proteins with shallow knots. The approach based on treating shallow and deep knots as separate classes of molecules allow to classify them better and introduce a new paradigm of thinking about knotted proteins as such. This may in turn help to avoid ambiguities in further research.
Immunoengineering has arrived
Authors: Green Jordan J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractImmunoengineering is a new discipline that creates and applies engineering tools and principles to investigate and modulate the immune system. It spans from the molecular scale to the scale of populations and is critically important in both health and disease. This perspective discusses the rapid development of immunoengineering as a field, including advances to research and education. On the research side, immunoengineering is poised to revolutionize technologies for tissue engineering, drug delivery, and medical devices, among others. Immunoengineering is shown to unlock new tools for biomedical discovery and innovation and has the potential to safely and effectively treat myriad diseases, from cancer to infectious diseases to type 1 diabetes and autoimmune diseases in novel ways. On the educational side, it is described how immunoengineering centers and educational focus areas are being created at leading universities. Furthermore, data are presented to show how grant agencies are making major investments into the field and high‐impact research and translational biotechnologies are being developed.
Development of hybrid scaffold: Bioactive glass nanoparticles/chitosan for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Oudadesse Hassane , Najem Sanaa , Mosbahi Siwar , Rocton Nicolas , Refifi Jihen , El Feki Hafedh , Lefeuvre Bertrand 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBone tissue engineering is gaining popularity as an alternative method for the treatment of osseous defects. A number of biodegradable polymers have been explored for tissue engineering purposes. A new family of biodegradable polymer/bioactive glass composite materials has been designed to be used in bone regeneration approaches. In this work, a hybrid scaffold of chitosan (CH) and bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGN) was prepared by the freeze‐gelation method. This method has been studied by adjusting the concentration of acetic acid; this process can influence the structure properties of the scaffold. In this work, several BGN/CH composites have been prepared by varying the proportion of BGN in the hybrid scaffold (20, 40, 60, and 80%). Brunauer–Emmett–Teller results showed the increased surface area and porosity volume of our composite with decreasing BGN proportion. BGN/CH hybrid scaffold was characterized by using physicochemical techniques. Obtained results showed a macroporous morphology of the scaffold with a pore size of about 200 μm, and a homogeneous distribution of the BGN in the CH matrix. X‐ray diffraction study confirmed the amorphous state of the BGN/CH hybrid scaffold. Interaction between CH and BGNs in the composite was confirmed. The in vitro assays showed adequate degradation properties, which is essential for the potential replacement by the new tissue. The in vitro bioactivity studies confirmed the formation of an apatite layer on the surface of the hybrid scaffold, which results in a direct bone bonding of the implant. These results indicate that BGN/CH hybrid scaffold developed is a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering.
Raman analysis of conjugated bithiophene (2T) encapsulated in semiconducting and metallic single‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: J. Chenouf , M. Boutahir , B. Fakrach , AH. Rahmani , H. Chadli , A. Rahmani 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this theoretical work, the encapsulation effect of bithiophene (2T) inside single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is reported. The optimum configurations of 2T inside SWCNTs (2T@SWCNTs) are derived from minimum energy calculations using a Lennard‐Jones expression to describe the van der Waals intermolecular interactions. The great number of atoms present the main handicap for the theoretical study of our systems. A hybrid approach is set out to build a dynamic model of 2T@SWCNTs systems. This approach combines density of functional theory and molecular dynamics. We have finally developed the process necessary to build the dynamic matrix of our systems. After calculation of the dynamical model, for the obtained configuration of 2T@SWCNTs, the nonresonant Raman spectra have been calculated using the spectral moment's method. The charges transfer in the hybrid systems has been investigated by analyzing the Raman active modes of 2T molecule and the G‐band modes of free SWCNTs and 2T@SWCNTs hybrid systems.
Correlation between Detergency of Different Oily and Solid Non‐Particulate Soils and Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Deviation
Authors: Phaodee Parichat , Harwell Jeffrey H. , Sabatini David A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis research examined the correlation between the detergency of soils with varying equivalent alkane carbon numbers (EACN) and hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLD) values. The detergency of oily soils with EACN ranging from 5.2 to 16.6 was evaluated using C10‐4PO‐SO4Na as a primary surfactant system and a 1:1 binary mixture of C10‐4PO‐SO4Na and AOT as a confirmatory surfactant system (with 65/35 polyester/cotton at 25°C). These surfactant systems were characterized using HLD concepts which showed that C10‐4PO‐SO4Na was more hydrophilic (had a higher negative Cc value) than that of the mixed surfactant system. Detergency of the selected soils was evaluated at different salinities corresponding to HLD ranging from negative to positive values. The results showed that detergency of all soils increased with increasing salinity (starting with an HLD = −3.0 (Winsor Type I microemulsion)), reached the maximum at widely different optimum salinity (S*) but at an identical HLD value of zero (optimum Type III), and then decreased with further increasing salt levels corresponding to positive HLD values (Type II). The preferred HLD range from −3.0 to 0.0 showed detergency levels exceeding 80% removal with interfacial tension values (IFT) below 1 mN m−1 for all oily soils studied. Detergency of octadecane (EACN = 18, solid at 25°C) was further conducted and demonstrated that performing detergency at HLD = −3.0 to 0.0 likewise revealed superior soil removal (over 80%) versus systems with HLD values outside this range. Thus, this work highlighted the utility of using the HLD approach in designing surfactant formulations for detergency of soils with widely varying EACN.