bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: July 2020

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 8Alphonce John Amuli, ADEM, TanzaniaFathia Lahwal, Elmergib University, LibyaJane Liang, California Department of Education, USAKeyla Ferrari Lopes, UNICAMP, BrazilMaria Rosa M. Prado, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, BrazilMary Sciaraffa, Eastern Kentucky University, USAMelike Özüdoğru, Manisa Celal Bayar University, TurkeyNiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanRichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASamah El-Sakka, Suez University, EgyptSandro Sehic, Oneida BOCES, USASenem Seda Şahenk Erkan, Marmara University, TurkeyThada Jantakoon, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, ThailandVeronica Velasco Gonzalez, University of Valladolid, SpainYuChun Chen, Louisiana Tech University, USA Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail 1: jets@redfame.comE-mail 2: jets@redfame.orgURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Predicting major adverse cardiovascular events for secondary prevention: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk prediction models
Authors: Akyea Ralph K , Leonardi-Bee Jo , Asselbergs Folkert W , Patel Riyaz S , Durrington Paul , Wierzbicki Anthony S , Ibiwoye Oluwaseun H , Kai Joe , Qureshi Nadeem , Weng Stephen F 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. With advances in early diagnosis and treatment of CVD and increasing life expectancy, more people are surviving initial CVD events. However, models for stratifying disease severity risk in patients with established CVD for effective secondary prevention strategies are inadequate. Multivariable prognostic models to stratify CVD risk may allow personalised treatment interventions. This review aims to systematically review the existing multivariable prognostic models for the recurrence of CVD or major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with established CVD diagnosis.Methods and analysisBibliographic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science) will be searched, from database inception to April 2020, using terms relating to the clinical area and prognosis. A hand search of the reference lists of included studies will also be done to identify additional published studies. No restrictions on language of publications will be applied. Eligible studies present multivariable models (derived or validated) of adults (aged 16 years and over) with an established diagnosis of CVD, reporting at least one of the components of the primary outcome of major adverse cardiovascular events (defined as either coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, heart failure or CVD-related mortality). Reviewing will be done by two reviewers independently using the pre-defined criteria. Data will be extracted for included full-text articles. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Prediction model study Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST). Prognostic models will be summarised narratively. If a model is tested in multiple validation studies, the predictive performance will be summarised using a random-effects meta-analysis model to account for any between-study heterogeneity.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required. The results of this study will be submitted to relevant conferences for presentation and a peer-reviewed journal for publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019149111.
Role of active patient involvement in undergraduate medical education: a systematic review
Authors: Dijk Stijntje Willemijn , Duijzer Edwin Johan , Wienold Matthias 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo identify the scope of active patient involvement in medical education, addressing the current knowledge gaps relating to rationale and motivation for involvement, recruitment and preparation, roles, learning outcomes and key procedural contributors.MethodsThe authors performed a systematic search of the PubMed database of publications between 2003 and 2018. Original studies in which patients take on active roles in the development, delivery or evaluation of undergraduate medical education and written in English were eligible for inclusion. Included studies’ references were searched for additional articles. Quality of papers was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.Results49 articles were included in the review. Drivers for patient involvement included policy requirements and patients’ own motivations to contribute to society and learning. Patients were engaged in a variety of educational settings in and outside of the hospital. The vast majority of studies describe patients taking on the role of a patient teacher and formative assessor. More recent studies suggest that patients are increasingly involved in course and curriculum development, student selection and summative assessment. The new body of empirical evidence shows the wide range of learning objectives was pursued through patient participation, including competencies as professional, communicator, collaborator, leader and health advocate, but not scholar. Measures to support sustainable patient involvement included longitudinal institutional incorporation, patient recruitment and/or training, resource support and clear commitment by faculty. The importance and advantages of patient involvement were highlighted by students, faculty and patients themselves; however, organisations must continue to consider, monitor and take steps to mitigate any potential harms to patients and students.DiscussionThis systematic review provides new knowledge and practical insights to physicians and faculty on how to incorporate active patient involvement in their institutions and daily practice, and provides suggested action points to patient organisations wishing to engage in medical education.
Associations between concussion and risk of diagnosis of psychological and neurological disorders: a retrospective population-based cohort study
Authors: Morissette Marc P , Prior Heather J , Tate Robert B , Wade John , Leiter Jeff R S 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate associations between concussion and the risk of follow-up diagnoses of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mood and anxiety disorders (MADs), dementia and Parkinson’s disease.DesignA retrospective population-based cohort study.SettingAdministrative health data for the Province of Manitoba between 1990–1991 and 2014–2015.ParticipantsA total of 47 483 individuals were diagnosed with a concussion using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes (ICD-9-CM: 850; ICD-10-CA: S06.0). All concussed subjects were matched with healthy controls at a 3:1 ratio based on age, sex and geographical location. Associations between concussion and conditions of interest diagnosed later in life were assessed using a stratified Cox proportional hazards regression model, with adjustments for socioeconomic status and pre-existing medical conditions.Results28 021 men (mean age ±SD, 25±18 years) and 19 462 women (30±21 years) were included in the concussion group, while 81 871 men (25±18 years) and 57 159 women (30±21 years) were included in the matched control group. Concussion was associated with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.39 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.46, p<0.001) for ADHD, 1.72 (95% CI 1.69 to 1.76; p<0.001) for MADs, 1.72 (95% CI 1.61 to 1.84; p<0.001) for dementia and 1.57 (95% CI 1.41 to 1.75; p<0.001) for Parkinson’s disease.ConclusionConcussion was associated with an increased risk of diagnosis for all four conditions of interest later in life.
Acquired FGFR and FGF Alterations Confer Resistance to Estrogen Receptor (ER) Targeted Therapy in ER+ Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Mao Pingping , Cohen Ofir , Kowalski Kailey J. , Kusiel Justin G. , Buendia-Buendia Jorge E. , Cuoco Michael S. , Exman Pedro , Wander Seth A. , Waks Adrienne G. , Nayar Utthara , Chung Jon , Freeman Samuel , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Miller Vincent A. , Piccioni Federica , Root David E. , Regev Aviv , Winer Eric P. , Lin Nancy U. , Wagle Nikhil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurpose:To identify clinically relevant mechanisms of resistance to ER-directed therapies in ER+ breast cancer.Experimental Design:We conducted a genome-scale functional screen spanning 10,135 genes to investigate genes whose overexpression confer resistance to selective estrogen receptor degraders. In parallel, we performed whole-exome sequencing in paired pretreatment and postresistance biopsies from 60 patients with ER+ metastatic breast cancer who had developed resistance to ER-targeted therapy. Furthermore, we performed experiments to validate resistance genes/pathways and to identify drug combinations to overcome resistance.Results:Pathway analysis of candidate resistance genes demonstrated that the FGFR, ERBB, insulin receptor, and MAPK pathways represented key modalities of resistance. The FGFR pathway was altered via FGFR1, FGFR2, or FGF3 amplifications or FGFR2 mutations in 24 (40%) of the postresistance biopsies. In 12 of the 24 postresistance tumors exhibiting FGFR/FGF alterations, these alterations were acquired or enriched under the selective pressure of ER-directed therapy. In vitro experiments in ER+ breast cancer cells confirmed that FGFR/FGF alterations led to fulvestrant resistance as well as cross-resistance to the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. RNA sequencing of resistant cell lines demonstrated that FGFR/FGF induced resistance through ER reprogramming and activation of the MAPK pathway. The resistance phenotypes were reversed by FGFR inhibitors, a MEK inhibitor, and/or a SHP2 inhibitor.Conclusions:Our results suggest that FGFR pathway is a distinct mechanism of acquired resistance to ER-directed therapy that can be overcome by FGFR and/or MAPK pathway inhibitors.
Stabilizer Cell Gene Therapy
Authors: Liu Michael B. , Priori Silvia G. , Qu Zhilin , Weiss James N. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
In cardiac gene therapy to improve contractile function, achieving gene expression in the majority of cardiac myocytes is essential. In preventing cardiac arrhythmias, however, this goal may not be as important since transduction efficiencies as low as 40% suppressed ventricular arrhythmias in genetically modified mice with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.

Methods:
Using computational modeling, we simulated 1-, 2-, and 3-dimensional tissue under a variety of conditions to test the ability of genetically engineered nonarrhythmogenic stabilizer cells to suppress triggered activity due to delayed or early afterdepolarizations.

Results:
Due to source-sink relationships in cardiac tissue, a minority (20%–50%) of randomly distributed stabilizer cells engineered to be nonarrhythmogenic can suppress the ability of arrhythmogenic cells to generate delayed and early afterdepolarizations–related arrhythmias. Stabilizer cell gene therapy strategy can be designed to correct a specific arrhythmogenic mutation, as in the catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia mice studies, or more generally to suppress delayed or early afterdepolarizations from any cause by overexpressing the inward rectifier K channel Kir2.1 in stabilizer cells.

Conclusions:
This promising antiarrhythmic strategy warrants further testing in experimental models to evaluate its clinical potential.
Novel CineECG Derived From Standard 12-Lead ECG Enables Right Ventricle Outflow Tract Localization of Electrical Substrate in Patients With Brugada Syndrome
Authors: van Dam Peter M. , Locati Emanuela T. , Ciconte Giuseppe , Borrelli Valeria , Heilbron Francesca , Santinelli Vincenzo , Vicedomini Gabriele , Monasky Michelle M. , Micaglio Emanuele , Giannelli Luigi , Mecarocci Valerio , Ćalović Žarko , Anastasia Luigi , Pappone Carlo 
Published: July 2020

Background:
In Brugada syndrome (BrS), diagnosed in presence of a spontaneous or ajmaline-induced type-1 pattern, ventricular arrhythmias originate from the right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT). We developed a novel CineECG method, obtained by inverse electrocardiogram (ECG) from standard 12-lead ECG, to localize the electrical activity pathway in patients with BrS.

Methods:
The CineECG enabled the temporospatial localization of the ECG waveforms, deriving the mean temporospatial isochrone from standard 12-lead ECG. The study sample included (1) 15 patients with spontaneous type-1 Brugada pattern, and (2) 18 patients with ajmaline-induced BrS (at baseline and after ajmaline), in whom epicardial potential duration maps were available; (3) 17 type-3 BrS pattern patients not showing type-1 BrS pattern after ajmaline (ajmaline-negative); (4) 47 normal subjects; (5) 18 patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB). According to CineECG algorithm, each ECG was classified as Normal, Brugada, RBBB, or Undetermined.

Results:
In patients with spontaneous or ajmaline-induced BrS, CineECG localized the terminal mean temporospatial isochrone forces in the RVOT, congruent with the arrhythmogenic substrate location detected by epicardial potential duration maps. The RVOT location was never observed in normal, RBBB, or ajmaline-negative patients. In most patients with ajmaline-induced BrS (78%), the RVOT location was already evident at baseline. The CineECG classified all normal subjects and ajmaline-negative patients at baseline as Normal or Undetermined, all patients with RBBB as RBBB, whereas all patients with spontaneous and ajmaline-induced BrS as Brugada. Compared with standard 12-lead ECG, CineECG at baseline had a 100% positive predictive value and 81% negative predictive value in predicting ajmaline test results.

Conclusions:
In patients with spontaneous and ajmaline-induced BrS, the CineECG localized the late QRS activity in the RVOT, a phenomenon never observed in normal, RBBB, or ajmaline-negative patients. The possibility to identify the RVOT as the location of the arrhythmogenic substrate by the noninvasive CineECG, based on the standard 12-lead ECG, opens new prospective for diagnosing patients with BrS.
Complete Electroanatomic Imaging of the Diastolic Pathway Is Associated With Improved Freedom From Ventricular Tachycardia Recurrence
Authors: Hadjis Alexios , Frontera Antonio , Limite Luca Rosario , Bisceglia Caterina , Bognoni Ludovica , Foppoli Luca , Lipartiti Felicia , Paglino Gabriele , Radinovic Andrea , Tsitsinakis Georgio , Calore Federico , Della Bella Paolo 
Published: July 2020

Background:
The development of multielectrode mapping catheters has expanded the spectrum of mappable ventricular tachycardias (VTs). Full diastolic pathway recording has been associated with a high rate of VT termination during radiofrequency ablation as well as noninducibility at study end. However, the role of diastolic pathway mapping on VT recurrence has yet to be clearly elucidated. We aimed to explore the role of complete diastolic pathway activation mapping on VT recurrence.

Methods:
Eighty-five consecutive patients who underwent VT ablation guided by high-density mapping were enrolled. During activation mapping, the presence of electrical activity in all segments of diastole defined the evidence of having had recorded the whole diastolic interval. Patients were categorized as having recorded the full diastolic pathway, partial diastolic pathway, or no diastolic pathway map performed. Recurrences of VT were defined as appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapies or on the basis of ECG-documented arrhythmia.

Results:

Eighty-five patients were included. Complete recording of the diastolic pathway was achieved in 36/85 (42.4%) patients. Partial recording of the diastolic pathway of the clinical VT was achieved in 24/85 (28.2%) patients. No recording of the diastolic pathway of the clinical VT was feasible in 25/85 patients (29.4%). At a mean of 12.8 months, freedom from VT recurrence was 67% in the overall cohort. At a mean of 12.8 months, freedom from VT recurrence was 88%, 50%, and 55% in patients who had full diastolic activity recorded, partial diastolic activity recorded, or underwent substrate modification, respectively; the observed differences were statistically significant (
P
=0.02).

Conclusions:
Mapping of the entire diastolic pathway was associated with a higher freedom from VT recurrence as compared with partial diastolic pathway recording and substrate modification. The use of multielectrode mapping catheters in recording diastolic activity may help predict those VTs employing intramural circuits and further optimize ablation strategies.
Heart Rate Variability Triangular Index as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hämmerle Peter , Eick Christian , Blum Steffen , Schlageter Vincent , Bauer Axel , Rizas Konstantinos D. , Eken Ceylan , Coslovsky Michael , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Krisai Philipp , Meyre Pascal , Vesin Jean‐Marc , Rodondi Nicolas , Moutzouri Elisavet , Beer Jürg , Moschovitis Giorgio , Kobza Richard , Di Valentino Marcello , Corino Valentina D. A. , Laureanti Rita , Mainardi Luca , Bonati Leo H. , Sticherling Christian , Conen David , Osswald Stefan , Kühne Michael , Zuern Christine S. ,   Swiss‐AF Study Investigators
Published: July 2020

Background
Impaired heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with increased mortality in sinus rhythm. However, HRV has not been systematically assessed in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that parameters of HRV may be predictive of cardiovascular death in patients with AF.

Methods and Results

From the multicenter prospective Swiss‐AF (Swiss Atrial Fibrillation) Cohort Study, we enrolled 1922 patients who were in sinus rhythm or AF. Resting ECG recordings of 5‐minute duration were obtained at baseline. Standard parameters of HRV (HRV triangular index, SD of the normal‐to‐normal intervals, square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal‐to‐normal intervals and mean heart rate) were calculated. During follow‐up, an end point committee adjudicated each cause of death. During a mean follow‐up time of 2.6±1.0 years, 143 (7.4%) patients died; 92 deaths were attributable to cardiovascular reasons. In a Cox regression model including multiple covariates (age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, history of diabetes mellitus, history of hypertension, history of stroke/transient ischemic attack, history of myocardial infarction, antiarrhythmic drugs including β blockers, oral anticoagulation), a decreased HRV index ≤ median (14.29), but not other HRV parameters, was associated with an increase in the risk of cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.6;
P
=0.01) and all‐cause death (hazard ratio, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.02–1.98;
P
=0.04).

Conclusions
The HRV index measured in a single 5‐minute ECG recording in a cohort of patients with AF is an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality. HRV analysis in patients with AF might be a valuable tool for further risk stratification to guide patient management.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02105844.
Biomechanics of Aortic Dissection: A Comparison of Aortas Associated With Bicuspid and Tricuspid Aortic Valves
Authors: Chung Jennifer C.‐Y. , Wong Edwin , Tang Mingyi , Eliathamby Daniella , Forbes Thomas L. , Butany Jagdish , Simmons Craig A. , Ouzounian Maral 
Published: July 2020

Background
Current methods for aortic dissection risk assessment are inadequate for patients with ascending aortic aneurysms associated with either bicuspid aortic valves (BAVs) or tricuspid aortic valves (TAVs). Biomechanical testing of aortic tissue may provide novel insights and biomarkers.

Methods and Results

From March 2017 to August 2019, aneurysmal ascending aortas (BAV=23, TAV=23) were collected from elective aortic surgery, normal aortas from transplant donors (n=9), and dissected aortas from surgery for aortic dissection (n=7). These aortas underwent delamination testing in simulation of aortic dissection. Biaxial tensile testing was performed to determine modulus of elasticity (aortic stiffness), and energy loss (a measure of efficiency in performing the Windkessel function). Delamination strength (
S
d
) was lowest in dissected aortas (18±6 mN/mm) and highest in normal aortas (58±16 mN/mm), and aneurysms fell in between, with greater
S
d
in the BAV group (37±10 mN/mm) than the TAV group (27±10 mN/mm) (
P
<0.001). Bicuspid aortopathy was associated with greater stiffness (
P
<0.001), while aneurysms with TAV demonstrated greater energy loss (
P
<0.001).
S
d
decreased by 7.8±1.2 mmol/L per mm per decade of life (
r
2
=0.45,
P
<0.001), and it was significantly lower for patients with hypertension (
P
=0.001).
S
d
decreased by 6.1±2.1 mmol/L per mm with each centimeter increase in aortic diameter (
r
2
=0.15,
P
=0.007). Increased energy loss was associated with decreased
S
d
(
r
2
=0.41), whereas there was no relationship between
S
d
and aortic stiffness.

Conclusions

Aneurysms with BAV had higher
S
d
than those with TAV, suggesting that BAV was protective. Energy loss was lower in aneurysms with BAV, and inversely associated with
S
d
, representing a potential novel biomarker.
A Basic Framework of View Systems Allowing Teleoperators to Pre-Acquire Spatial Knowledge from Survey and Route Perspectives
Authors: Sato Ryuya , Kamezaki Mitsuhiro , Sugano Shigeki , Iwata Hiroyasu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
One of the most important problems in teleoperation of heavy machinery is that the work efficiency of teleoperation is lower than half that of a typical boarding operation. This difference is primarily caused by operators' difficulty in creating mental representations (i.e., cognitive maps) of work sites. Operators have two opportunities to acquire information, namely before work and during work, because the introduction of teleoperation requires about one week. Therefore, we have developed a view system to be used before work to provide environmental information concerning work sites on the basis of human spatial cognition. Cognitive maps can be built by acquiring knowledge from two perspectives—the survey perspective and the route perspective. We display an external view from any viewpoint to acquire knowledge from a survey perspective and a view from an operator's viewpoint, which can be modified by the operator's intention to acquire knowledge from the route perspective. Experimental results using a simulator suggested that a proposed view system could help operators acquire cognitive maps, which may lead to a decrease in task time, the number of stops, and the moving distance and an increase in speed during grasping.