bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Evidence of Two-component Ejecta in Supernova 2016gkg from Nebular Spectroscopy*
Authors: Kuncarayakti Hanindyo , Folatelli Gastón , Maeda Keiichi , Dessart Luc , Jerkstrand Anders , Anderson Joseph P. , Aoki Kentaro , Bersten Melina C. , Ferrari Lucía , Galbany Lluís , García Federico , Gutiérrez Claudia P. , Hattori Takashi , Kawabata Koji S. , Kravtsov Timo , Lyman Joseph D. , Mattila Seppo , E. Felipe Olivares , Sánchez Sebastián F. , Van Dyk Schuyler D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Spectral observations of the type-IIb supernova (SN) 2016gkg at 300–800 days are reported. The spectra show nebular characteristics, revealing emission from the progenitor star’s metal-rich core and providing clues to the kinematics and physical conditions of the explosion. The nebular spectra are dominated by emission lines of [O i] λλ6300, 6364 and [Ca ii] λλ7292, 7324. Other notable, albeit weaker, emission lines include Mg I] λ4571, [Fe ii] λ7155, O I λ7774, Ca II triplet, and a broad, boxy feature at the location of Hα. Unlike in other stripped-envelope SNe, the [O i] doublet is clearly resolved due to the presence of strong narrow components. The doublet shows an unprecedented emission line profile consisting of at least three components for each [O i]λ6300, 6364 line: a broad component (width ∼2000 km s−1), and a pair of narrow blue and red components (width ∼300 km s−1) mirrored against the rest velocity. The narrow component appears also in other lines, and is conspicuous in [O i]. This indicates the presence of multiple distinct kinematic components of material at low and high velocities. The low-velocity components are likely to be produced by a dense, slow-moving emitting region near the center, while the broad components are emitted over a larger volume. These observations suggest an asymmetric explosion, supporting the idea of two-component ejecta that influence the resulting late-time spectra and light curves. SN 2016gkg thus presents striking evidence for significant asymmetry in a standard-energy SN explosion. The presence of material at low velocity, which is not predicted in 1D simulations, emphasizes the importance of multidimensional explosion modeling of SNe.
Exploring the Possibility of Identifying Hydride and Hydroxyl Cations of Noble Gas Species in the Crab Nebula Filament
Authors: Das Ankan , Sil Milan , Bhat Bratati , Gorai Prasanta , Chakrabarti Sandip K. , Caselli Paola 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The first identification of the argonium ion (

) toward the Crab Nebula supernova remnant was proclaimed by Herschel in the submillimeter and far-infrared domains. Very recently, the discovery of the hydro-helium cation (

) in the planetary nebula (NGC 7027) by SOFIA has been reported. The elemental abundance of neon is much higher than that of argon. However, the presence of neonium ions (

) is yet to be confirmed in space. Though the hydroxyl radicals (−OH) are very abundant in both neutral and cationic forms, hydroxyl cations of such noble gases (i.e., ArOH+, NeOH+, and HeOH+) are yet to be identified in space. Here, we employ a spectral synthesis code to examine the chemical evolution of the hydride and hydroxyl cations of the various isotopes of Ar, Ne, and He in the Crab Nebula filament and calculate their line emissivity and intrinsic line surface brightness. We successfully explain the observed surface brightness of two transitions of ArH+ (617 and 1234 GHz), one transition of OH+ (971 GHz), and one transition of H2 (2.12 μm). We also explain the observed surface brightness ratios between various molecular and atomic transitions. We find that our model reproduces the overall observed features when a hydrogen number density of ∼(104–106) cm−3 and a cosmic-ray ionization rate per H2 of ∼(10−11–10−10) s−1 are chosen. We discuss the possibility of detecting some hydride and hydroxyl cations in the Crab and diffuse cloud environment. Some transitions of these molecules are highlighted for future astronomical detection.
Stringent Search for Precursor Emission in Short GRBs from Fermi/GBM Data and Physical Implications
Authors: Wang Jie-Shuang , Peng Zong-Kai , Zou Jin-Hang , Zhang Bin-Bin , Zhang Bing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We perform a stringent search for precursor emission of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) from the Fermi/GBM data and find 16 precursor events with ≳4.5σ significance. We find that the durations of the main SGRB emission (

) and the precursor emission (

), as well as the waiting time (

) in between, are roughly comparable to each other, with

≈ 2.8

1.2 approximately satisfied for most cases except one significant outlier. We also perform spectral analyses to the precursors and SGRBs, and find that the spectra of precursor emission can be fitted with the blackbody, nonthermal cutoff power law and/or power-law models. We consider several possible models for precursor emission in SGRBs and find that the luminosity and spectral shape may be explained by the the shock breakout or the photospheric radiation of a fireball launched after the merger for thermal precursors, or magnetospheric interaction between two neutron stars prior to the merger for nonthermal precursors. For the fireball photospheric model, a matter-dominated jet is preferred and a constraint on the fireball Lorentz factor can be placed as Γ ∼ 30. For the magnetospheric interaction model, the jet launching mechanism may be constrained. In particular, those events with

/

≫ 1 (e.g., GRB191221802) require the formation of a supramassive or stable neutron star after the merger, with the delay time defined by the timescale for an initially baryon-loaded jet to become magnetically dominated and relativistic.
Impressão 3D de protetores faciais para proteção de profissionais da saúde contra a infecção do COVID-19
Authors: Bertoncini Andrade Marco Antônio , Silva Charlene Da , Cella Jéssika Valeska da Silva , Savi Matheus Brum Marques Bianchi 
Published: October 2020

No Brasil, a pandemia de COVID-19 já totalizou até o mês de abril mais de 30 mil casos confirmados. O vírus possui alto risco de transmissibilidade principalmente no ambiente de saúde, por isso é necessário que os profissionais que atuam nesse espaço tenham a disposição os equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI). Considerando a alta demanda de EPI em um hospital pediátrico da região de Santa Catarina, um grupo de pesquisadores do Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina (IFSC), expandiu um projeto de extensão já existente, chamado “Impressão 3D aplicada à medicina II; da sala de aula para a cirurgia”, a fim de atender a solicitação do serviço na confecção de protetores faciais a partir da impressão 3D. Para isso o grupo da instituição de ensino ofereceu treinamento aos funcionários do hospital, visto que o serviço possui uma impressora 3D, bem como mentoria na confecção das máscaras e outros protótipos. Essa interação permitiu uma aproximação da comunidade acadêmica com os funcionários, além de possibilitar um feedback instantâneo, permitindo ajustes e aperfeiçoamento do modelo produzido, que foi disponibilizado imediatamente para as equipes do hospital e outras instituições.
Perifa consciente: comunicação popular em comunidades vulneráveis de Curitiba
Authors: Vale Gabriel Ferreira , Zanotto da Silva Caio César , Januário Cabral Maíra Kaline , Moniz Maryellen Camilo , Rodrigues da Silva Claudia Bordin , Amstel Frederick Van 
Published: October 2020

Esta nota técnica descreve as etapas inicias do projeto Perifa Consciente, que visa a produção de recursos educacionais sobre a prevenção e o tratamento do COVID-19 para comunidades vulneráveis de Curitiba e região. O projeto surgiu da inquietação gerada pela desinformação espalhada intencionalmente sobre a pandemia por líderes políticos e classes dominantes da sociedade que atingem principalmente comunidades com baixa escolaridade. O projeto parte da premissa que a comunicação popular, desenvolvida a partir do diálogo com lideranças da comunidade e em sintonia com a recepção das mensagens circuladas, tem o potencial de transformar essa realidade opressiva. Os resultados preliminares do projeto têm demonstrado que as práticas de comunicação popular aumentam o alcance de vozes comunitárias marginalizadas e contribuem para a conscientização sobre os riscos de contágio que ameaçam esta população.
Des inventions partagées aux innovations concurrentielles : réseaux et stratégies d’automatisation des entreprises
Authors: Vigezzi Michel , Uzunidis Dimitri 
Published: October 2020

L'automatisation a souvent généré des débats entre les approches techniques et les réflexions globales s'intéressant aux liens pouvant exister entre les machines, le travail et l'emploi. Elle n'est donc pas une invention unique car elle s'est développée de manières différentes durant deux périodes particulières : celle de la conception rigide des activités et des productions s'appuyant sur des reproductions des actions, gestes et attitudes des salariés créant des inventions de machines, des réseaux d'inventeurs et de nouvelles conceptions des emplois et du travail et celle de la flexibilité des techniques et du travail s'appuyant sur des statuts sociaux différents des salariés au sein des entreprises flexibles avec des innovations reposant sur des ensembles de machines, des réseaux et d'organisations différentes du travail et des emplois. Ces conceptions s’appuient sur des concepts nouveaux, les "inventions partagées" et les "innovations concurrentielles" qui sont fortement marqués par les "dynamiques sociales" de la période étudiée. L’objectif principal de cet article est donc d’analyser ces évolutions de l'automatisation à partir des concepts d'inventions partagées, et d'innovations concurrentielles. S'appuyant sur une approche schumpétérienne n'ignorant pas les transformations d'inventions en innovations, cet article repose sur des nouvelles conceptualisations des inventions : les "inventions partagées". JEL Codes : O31, J81, D85
Technologies et collaborations inter-industrielles : une analyse par les brevets
Authors: Lebert Didier , Meunier François-Xavier 
Published: October 2020

L’article cherche à cartographier les collaborations technologiques interindustrielles à l’échelle mondiale. Il envisage ces collaborations en matière de recherche et développement (R&D) à partir de données sur les co-dépôts de brevets entre grands groupes. Nous mettons alors en évidence deux phénomènes généraux sur la période 2010-2015 grâce à l'usage de techniques structurales : Les relations de coopérations inventives se produisent principalement entre partenaires possédant des compétences technologiques complémentaires. Les relations se produisent entre partenaires proches. Ils semblent en effet baigner dans des environnements institutionnels identiques. JEL Codes : L10, 032
Nanotechnologies et intelligence économique : enjeux de la valorisation de l’information et de la création de connaissances
Authors: Monino Jean-Louis 
Published: October 2020

Les nanotechnologies un secteur en plein expansion. Développées à partir du milieu du XXème siècle, elles connaissent un formidable essor depuis une vingtaine d’années. Cependant, il est nécessaire d’accompagner le développement des nanotechnologies par la mise en place d’une approche plus pratique permettant un suivi et une maitrise des flux informationnels, et faisant état d’une échelle de la participation qui va de la mise à disposition de la donnée à la prise de décision. Le processus de l’intelligence économique : la collecte, le traitement, l’analyse et l’interprétation de la donnée, représente une pratique qui ne se limite pas à définir des idées, mais surtout à les concrétiser pour assurer une meilleure production de connaissances qui génèrent des innovations. JEL Codes : C80, O30, O31, O32, O33
IL-1α Is Essential for Oviduct Pathology during Genital Chlamydial Infection in Mice
Authors: Gyorke Clare E. , Kollipara Avinash , Allen John , Zhang Yugen , Ezzell J. Ashley , Darville Toni , Montgomery Stephanie A. , Nagarajan Uma M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChlamydia trachomatis infection of the female genital tract can lead to irreversible fallopian tube scarring. In the mouse model of genital infection using Chlamydia muridarum, IL-1R signaling plays a critical role in oviduct tissue damage. In this study, we investigated the pathologic role of IL-1α, one of the two proinflammatory cytokines that bind to IL-1R. Il1a−/− mice infected with C. muridarum cleared infection at their cervix at the same rate as wild-type (WT) mice, but were significantly protected from end point oviduct damage and fibrosis. The contribution of IL-1α to oviduct pathology was more dramatic than observed in mice deficient for IL-1β. Although chlamydial burden was similar in WT and Il1a−/− oviduct during peak days of infection, levels of IL-1β, IL-6, CSF3, and CXCL2 were reduced in Il1a−/− oviduct lysates. During infection, Il1a−/− oviducts and uterine horns exhibited reduced neutrophil infiltration, and this reduction persisted after the infection resolved. The absence of IL-1α did not compromise CD4 T cell recruitment or function during primary or secondary chlamydial infection. IL-1α is expressed predominantly by luminal cells of the genital tract in response to infection, and low levels of expression persisted after the infection cleared. Ab-mediated depletion of IL-1α in WT mice prevented infection-induced oviduct damage, further supporting a key role for IL-1α in oviduct pathology.
Poor sleep quality: a wake up call for the elderly at a tertiary care centre in Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Neha Siddiqui  , Rahy Farooq  , Shoab Saadat  , Maimoona Siddiqui  , Zain Ahmad Javed  , Arooj Fatimah Shah  , Salman Mansoor  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To assess the burden of sleep disorders in the elderly, and the effects of various co-morbidities linked with sleep disorders.
Method: The longitudinal cross-sectional study was conducted in different outpatient departments at a tertiary care centre in Islamabad, Pakistan, from June 2014 to June 2015, and comprised patients of either gender aged 60 years or above. Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Epworth sleepiness scale were used to measure the quality and patterns of sleep and daytime sleepiness in the elderly. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the 1000 subjects, 638(63.8%) were males, and 362(36.2%) were females. The overall mean age was 66.96±7.05 years. Epworth sleepiness scale >10 was found in 265(26.5%) subjects, while Pittsburgh sleep quality index score in 516(51.6%) was >5. Sleep quality score in 578(57.8%) women was statistically significant compared to 478(47.8%) males (p<0.05).
Conclusions: There was a significant burden of sleep-related disorders in the subjects.
Key Words: Sleep disorders, ESS, PSQI, Pakistan, Elderly.
Changes in canal width and angle in curved canals in the resin blocks: pro taper next versus one shape instruments
Authors: Sheikh Bilal Badar  , Kamil Zafar  , Robia Ghafoor  , Farhan Raza Khan  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: To compare the effect of OneShape and ProTaper Next file on the change in canal width and angle of curvature in simulated curved canal in resin blocks.
Methods: The quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, from January to March 2018, and comprised endodontic resin blocks that had inbuilt curved canals. These were randomly divided into 2 equal groups and were subsequently prepared using OneShape in group A, and ProTaper Next rotary instrument in group B followed by staining with red and blue ink for comparison of pre- and post-operative images of canals. Standardised photographs were taken along with reference measuring scale. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis.
Results: Of the 60 blocks, 30(50%) were in each of the two groups. The mean pre-instrumentation angle of curvature was 32.3±2.13 and 31.0+3.28 degrees for groups A and B. The mean degree of canal straightening post-intervention was 1.5+0.5 and 3.6+1.38 degrees in groups A and B (p<0.001). In terms of canal width changes, OneShape file removed more resin material from the canal walls compared to the ProTaper Next system (p<0.001).
Conclusion: ProTaper Next file significantly altered the angle of curvature in the resin block compared to OneShape file, but the amount of material removed from the canal space was significantly higher with the OneShape file compared to ProTaper Next.
Key Words: ProTaper Next, OneShape, Nickel-titanium
Continuous...
JPMA-2019-07-887 The mental health issues of eunuchs in the context of social exclusion
Authors: Syeda Farhana Kazmi  , Rubina Bibi  , Tahir Pervaiz  , Rabia Bashir  , Admin  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: To study the mental health problems in eunuchs, the neglected segment that has been facing social exclusion and exploitation on behalf of social layers of the society.
Method: The study was conducted from Jan 2017 to April 2017and adopted a qualitative approach by engaging eight eunuchs’ group purposefully through focused group discussion to unearth the issues related to eunuchs in Hazara Division, The participants were properly informed about the purpose of the study and their consent was conferred. The discussion was recorded in local language and their views have been transcribed and analyzed by comparative statements for drawing results through coding of the target groups.
Results: The severe kind of economic and social pressures of poverty and social neglect resulted depression, anxiety and suicidal tendencies are found among this group, affecting overall mental health among such neglected gender group, due to the fact that eunuchs have not been provided with basic social rights. In addition, there is no love and care provided by the kin and relatives resulting in the eunuchs facing psychological complications in daily life.
Conclusion: As an outcome, the eunuchs face psychological complications in daily life. The condition necessitates encouragement and social acceptance of eunuch for a normal and healthy life in the society. Furthermore socio-psychosocial aid through regular counselling for creation of hope for leading a normal life.
Keywords: Mental health, Social exclusion, Psychological distress.
Consideraciones sobre salud mental: Incidencia y ponderación, para diversos escenarios de vida
Authors: Romero Urrea Holguer Estuardo , Rosas Guevara Miryam Isabel , Gullo Rodríguez Salvatore Giuseppe , Peralta Miranda Yeisy isabel , Rojas Dávila de Izaguirre Armida Concepción , Rizzo Chalen Mónica Del Rocio 
Published: October 2020

La tecnología ha traído innumerable beneficios al mundo entero, en todos los ámbitos, pero también ha traído algunas dificultades relacionados con la adicción a esta. Si, la tecnología ofrece grandes virtudes que han facilitado la vida de las personas y el funcionamiento de la sociedad. Sin embargo, cuando este no es utilizado de forma responsable puede ocasionar algunas complicaciones como lo son el sexting y la proclastinación asociada al uso desmedido de la tecnología.
En este libro hay un capítulo dedicado a cada uno de estos temas. Tanto el sexting y la proclastinación son constructos que en la actualidad están siendo estudiados por distintos profesionales en diferentes aéreas, debido a las consecuencia que ha traído a la sociedad, especialmente a los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes.
Por otro lado, en esta iniciativa investigativa, se habla de la mediación, de la resiliencia y la salud integral. Ustedes se preguntarán ¿Qué tienen en común todos estos temas? Salud mental. La respuesta es salud mental.
En la actualidad existen múltiples campañas sobre la importancia de la salud mental, pero muy pocas explican en que cosiste, como se logra y sobre todo como se cultiva. Es por ello que los autores de esta obra decidieron tocar temas de vanguardia, que parecen simples y aislados, pero juntos, hablan forman parte de la estructura de la salud mental, pero vista desde diferentes ángulos.
Otro punto que marca la diferencia del abordaje de estos temas es que son descritos desde la primera infancia, y que nadie lo dice, pero la salud mental se trabaja desde la niñez. Enseñar a los niños a cuidarse, a cuidar de otros, autoconocerse, a respetarse, a respetar a otros, a ser empáticos, a tomar decisiones y asumir las consecuencia, aceptar y reconocer las diferencias, sin duda alguna construye adultos sanos.
Un adulto sano, forma familias sanas, las familias sanas forman sociedad sana. No quiere decir que son perfectos, pero si felices. Gracias a los autores de esta obra por su esmero, por su labor, y por el empeño de psicoeducar a la sociedad en general. Para Acvenisproh Ediciones es un honor servir de puente para la divulgación del conocimiento que sirve, que enseña y que transforma vidas
LOS JUECES NACIONALES ANTE LA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DERECHOS HUMANOS. A PROPÓSITO DE LAS SENTENCIAS COLINDRES SCHONENBERG, VILLASEÑOR VELARDE Y OTROS, Y RICO
Authors: SALAS CRUZ ARMANDO 
Published: October 2020

Durante 2019 la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos emitió tres sentencias cuyo denominador común son la figura del juez nacional y los derechos convencionales que protegen su función e independencia. Abordan problemáticas distintas, a saber, la destitución de un magistrado electoral por un órgano sin competencia legal (caso Colindres Schonenberg), las presiones y amenazas externas sobre la función de una jueza (caso Villaseñor Velarde y otros) y el planteamiento del factor político en el Jurado de Enjuiciamiento que decidió el cese de un juez subnacional (caso Rico). A pesar de sus diferencias, se alcanza a percibir un mismo hilo conductor en cuanto a que los jueces nacionales cada vez con mayor frecuencia tienen la necesidad de acudir a la jurisdicción interamericana para defenderse y esto, a su vez, ocupa la atención y genera discusiones importantes en el seno de la Corte de San José. En este comentario se exponen los rasgos principales de las referidas sentencias y se reflexiona a propósito de su contenido.
2019an, Giza Eskubideen Gorte Interamerikarrak hiru epai eman zituen, eta horien izendatzaile komuna epaile nazionala eta haren funtzioa eta independentzia babesten duten eskubide konbentzionalak izan ziren. Honako arazo hauei heltzen diete: hauteskunde-magistratu bat kargugabetzea lege-eskumenik gabeko organo batek (Colindres Schonenberg kasua), epaile baten funtzioari buruzko kanpoko presioak eta mehatxuak (Villaseñor Velarde eta beste batzuk kasua) eta faktore politikoaren planteamendua epaile azpi-nazional bat kargutik kentzea erabaki zuen epaitze-epaimahaian (Rico kasua). Desberdintasunak egon arren, arazoa bera da: epaile nazionalek gero eta maizago jo behar izaten dute jurisdikzio interamerikarrera beren burua defendatzeko, eta horrek, aldi berean, arreta jartzen du eta eztabaida handiak sortzen ditu San Joseko Gortean. Iruzkin honetan, epai horien ezaugarri nagusiak azaltzen dira, eta haien edukiari buruz hausnartzen da.

During 2019, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued three judgments whose common denominator is the national judge and the conventional rights that protect their functions and independence. They deal with different problems, as for example, the recall of a electoral judge by a body with no legal competence (Colindres Schonenberg case), the external pressures and threats upon the functions of a judge (Villaseñor Velarde et al. case) and the question of the political factor during the jury for prosecution that decided the recall of a subnational judge (Rico case). In spite of their differences, it can be perceived the same guiding thread as to how national judges more often need to have recourse to the inter-American jurisdiction to defend themselves and this has eventually drawn attention and triggered important discussions within the San Jose Court. This comment article sets out the main features of those judgements and it reflects on their content.