bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cerebrovascular hemodynamics in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension using transcranial Doppler
Authors: Allam Mahmoud M. , Almasry Hatem A. , Ahmed Sandra M. , Taha Youssuf G. , Oraby Mohammed I. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of increased intracranial pressure without a clear cause and can have serious visual effects. Previous research work suggests that transcranial Doppler measurements of pulsatility index correlate accurately with elevated intracranial pressure.

Objective
To assess the cerebrovascular hemodynamic changes in patients with IIH using transcranial Doppler before and after lumbar puncture and CSF withdrawal.

Methods
An interventional study conducted on 40 patients (31 females and 9 males) fulfilling the modified Dandy criteria for diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension, MRI brain, and MRV was done to the patients. Lumbar puncture was done for all included patients to measure intracranial pressure and CSF withdrawal. Transcranial Doppler was performed for all included before and after lumbar puncture and CSF withdrawal and the following parameters were measured: peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), resistivity index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI).

Results
Significant relation was found between grades of papilledema and PSV, RI, and PI (p value 0.012, 0.025, 0.016) but no significant relation was found between grades of papilledema and EDV (0.102). Significant changes occurred in parameters of TCD pre- and post-CSF withdrawal including PSV, EDV, and PI (p value 0.001, 0.015, 0.019) denoting a significant change in cerebral hemodynamics after CSF withdrawal which denotes a decrease in intracranial pressure.

Conclusion
Increased intracranial pressure significantly affects cerebral blood flow. A normalization of transcranial Doppler parameters occurs following lowering of intracranial pressure through lumbar puncture and CSF withdrawal.
Vici syndrome in an Egyptian infant: case report and differential diagnosis of inherited hypopigmented disorders
Authors: Abd Elmaksoud Marwa , Abeesh Aya Attya , Pereira Catarina , El-Deeb Marwa El-Saeed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Vici syndrome is a severe inherited multisystem disease caused by mutations in the EPG5 gene. The diagnosis depends on the constellation of cardinal features of agenesis of the corpus callosum, cataracts, oculocutaneous hypopigmentation, cardiomyopathy, and a combined immunodeficiency followed by confirmation by genetic testing. We report an Egyptian infant with Vici syndrome carrying a homozygous splice site variant (c.1252+1G>T; NM_020964.2) in the EPG5 gene, detailed clinical description, outcome, and differential diagnosis of inherited hypopigmentation disorders associated with neurological manifestations.

Case presentation
The infant initially presented with oculocutaneous hypopigmentation, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and immunodeficiency. A few months later, a diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy was made. Family history revealed 2 deceased siblings phenotypically matching our index infant. He died at the age of 15 months with acute respiratory failure.

Conclusion
The accurate diagnosis of such rare diseases with genetic confirmation is vital for proper clinical decision-making, genetic counseling of the affected families, and future genotype-phenotype correlation studies.
Blockage of bone morphogenetic protein signalling counteracts hypertrophy in a human osteoarthritic micro-cartilage model
Authors: Chawla Shikha , Berkelaar Majoska H. M. , Dasen Boris , Halleux Christine , Guth-Gundel Sabine , Kramer Ina , Ghosh Sourabh , Martin Ivan , Barbero Andrea , Occhetta Paola 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling plays a significant role during embryonic cartilage development and has been associated with osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis, being in both cases involved in triggering hypertrophy. Inspired by recent findings that BMP inhibition counteracts hypertrophic differentiation of human mesenchymal progenitors, we hypothesized that selective inhibition of BMP signalling would mitigate hypertrophic features in OA cartilage. First, a 3D in vitro OA micro-cartilage model was established using minimally expanded OA chondrocytes that was reproducibly able to capture OA-like hypertrophic features. BMP signalling was then restricted by means of two BMP receptor type I inhibitors, resulting in reduction of OA hypertrophic traits while maintaining synthesis of cartilage extracellular matrix. Our findings open potential pharmacological strategies for counteracting cartilage hypertrophy in OA and support the broader perspective that key signalling pathways known from developmental processes can guide the understanding, and possibly the mitigation, of adult pathological features.
Moment Equations for Kinetic Study of Intermolecular Interaction by Size Exclusion Chromatography
Authors: Miyabe Kanji 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
New moment equations were developed for size exclusion chromatography (SEC), in which chemical reactions simultaneously take place. It is expected that accurate information about affinity kinetics of intermolecular interactions with no immobilization and no chemical modification of solute and ligand molecules can be obtained from elution peak profiles measured by SEC. Moment equations for the first absolute (μ1A) and second central (μ2C) moment of elution peaks were developed on the basis of the Einstein equation for diffusion and the random walk model in order to analytically determine association (ka) and dissociation (kd) rate constant of intermolecular interactions. They were used to predict chromatographic behavior in hypothetical SEC systems to demonstrate their effectiveness. The influence of some parameters on μ1A and μ2C of elution peaks measured in the SEC systems was quantitatively evaluated. It was indicated that the contributions of axial dispersion and reaction kinetics to μ2C depend on some SEC conditions. It is important to control the SEC conditions so that the reaction kinetics has a predominant contribution to μ2C to determine accurate values of ka and kd. The moment equations are effective for optimizing experimental conditions to accurately analyze intermolecular interactions from kinetic points of view.
Predictors and outcome of first line treatment failure among under-five children with community acquired severe pneumonia at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Muro Restituta Phabian , Masoza Tulla Sylvester , Kasanga Godfrey , Kayange Neema , Kidenya Benson R. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Despite recent advances in management and preventive strategies, high rates of first line antibiotics treatment failure and case fatality for Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia (SCAP) continue to occur in children in low and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the predictors and outcome of first line antibiotics treatment failure among children under-five years of age with SCAP admitted at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in Mwanza, Tanzania.

Methods
The study involved under-five children admitted with SCAP, treated with first line antibiotics as recommended by WHO. Patients with treatment failure at 48 hours were shifted to second line of antibiotics treatment and followed up for 7 days. Generalized linear model was used to determine predictors of first line antibiotics treatment failure for SCAP.

Results
A total of 250 children with SCAP with a median age of 18 [IQR 9–36] months were enrolled, 8.4% had HIV infection and 28% had acute malnutrition. The percentage of first line antibiotics treatment failure for the children with SCAP was 50.4%. Predictors of first line treatment failure were; presentation with convulsion (RR 1.55; 95% CI [1.11–2.16]; p-value 0.009), central cyanosis (RR 1.55; 95% CI [1.16–2.07]; p-value 0.003), low oxygen saturation (RR 1.28; 95% CI [1.01–1.62]; p-value 0.04), abnormal chest X-ray (RR 1.71; 95% CI [1.28–2.29]; p-value <0.001), HIV infection (RR 1.80; 95% CI [1.42–2.27]; p-value 0.001), moderate acute malnutrition (RR 1.48; 95% CI [1.04–2.12]; p-value = 0.030) and severe acute malnutrition (RR 2.02; 95% CI [1.56–2.61]; p-value<0.001). Mortality in children who failed first line treatment was 4.8%.

Conclusion
Half of the children with SCAP at this tertiary center had first line antibiotics treatment failure. HIV infection, acute malnutrition, low oxygen saturation, convulsions, central cyanosis, and abnormal chest X-ray were independently predictive of first line treatment failure. We recommend consideration of second line treatment and clinical trials for patients with SCAP to reduce associated morbidity and mortality.
Impact of social isolation due to COVID-19 on the seasonality of pediatric respiratory diseases
Authors: Nascimento Milena Siciliano , Baggio Diana Milena , Fascina Linus Pauling , do Prado Cristiane 
Published: December 2020

Introduction
Respiratory tract diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of 5 years, constituting the highest rate of hospitalization in this age group.

Objectives
To determine the prevalence of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in childhood in the last 5 years and to assess the impact of social isolation due to COVID-19 on the seasonal behavior of these diseases.

Methods
A cross-sectional clinical study was carried out, with a survey of all patients aged 0 to 17 years who were admitted with a diagnosis of respiratory diseases between January 2015 and July 2020. The database was delivered to the researchers anonymized. The variables used for analysis were date of admission, date of discharge, length of stay, age, sex and diagnosis. In order to make the analysis possible, the diagnoses were grouped into upper respiratory infection (URI), asthma / bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia.

Results
2236 admissions were included in the study. Children under 5 years old account for 81% of hospitalizations for respiratory disease in our population. In the adjusted model, an average reduction of 38 hospitalizations was observed in the period of social isolation (coefficient: -37.66; 95% CI (- 68.17; -7.15); p = 0.016).

Conclusion
The social isolation measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically interfered with the seasonality of childhood respiratory diseases. This was reflected in the unexpected reduction in the number of hospitalizations in the pediatric population during this period.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices against the growing threat of COVID-19 among medical students of Pakistan
Authors: Noreen Khola , Rubab Zil-e- , Umar Muhammad , Rehman Rehana , Baig Mukhtiar , Baig Fizzah 
Published: December 2020

Background
On account of the COVID-19 pandemic, many changes have been implicated in university medical students. We are cognizant that pandemic can be controlled with dedicated contributions from all involved in the healthcare profession. Therefore, it is important to know the pandemic and application of knowledge by the medical students to formulate a further line of management in Pakistan.

Objective
We aimed toinvestigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding COVID-19 and its impact on medical students of Pakistan.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in June 2020 by a validated self—administered questionnaire. The survey instrument was tailored from a published questionnaire comprised of questions on demographics (6), knowledge (14), attitudes (4), and practices (6).

Results
Of the 1474 medical students in the study, 576(39.1%) were males, and 898(60.1%) were females. Two-thirds of the participants 1057(71.7%) had adequate knowledge, and almost all the students had positive attitudes (1363(92.5%), and good practices 1406(95.4%) to COVID-19. Two-thirds of the medical students 1023(69%) believed that the COVID-19 outbreak had affected their social, mental, and psychological well-being. One-quarter of the medical students 391(26%) become more religious, 597(40%) realized the importance of life, and 1140(77%) became careless because of the pandemic. The female medical students were 2.545 times (p < .001) and 4.414 times (p < .001) more likely to have positive attitudes and good practices toward COVID-19 as compared to males.

Conclusion
Medical students, especially females and senior year scholars, were well-versed with desired levels of knowledge, attitudes, and preventive measures toward COVID-19. Most of them recognized COVID 19, is shaping their social, mental, and psychological well-being and encroaching on the healthcare system and economy. The information acquired by the KAP study may help to devise effective preventive strategies for future events.
Experiencing a 20th-century visual artwork – Andy Warhol
Authors: Brajčić Marija , Kuščević Dubravka , Petic Marija 
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the results of a research on students' reactions to 20th-century visual artworks. The research involved 300 students attending lower grades of primary school (Grade 1-4) from Split-Dalmatia County. The aim of the research was to examine the reactions of students to the works of the famous Pop Art artist Andy Warhol, using the method of aesthetic transfer. The task of the students was to describe their impression of the observed paintings of Marilyn Monroe and Coca-Cola. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that Grade 1 1-4 students react positively to the mentioned artworks. Most of the children accepted the works of the famous artist. Students were expected to react differently to the observed artworks with respect to gender and age, while the research showed that a statistically significant difference existed in only one segment of the research. Additionally, the emotional engagement aroused in students by the observed works was studied. The results in the reception phase show students mostly react emotionally to the observed artworks. Furthermore, the artworks in the reaction phase showed interesting creative variations on the artwork of the famous artist, which means that they inspired the students to a creative aesthetic response. Apart from getting acquainted with 20th-century artworks, we can see from these examples that they can also be a good stimulus for articulating students' own artistic expression. Keywords: students, visual artworks, attitudes, motif, Andy Warhol
Sources of Stress, Coping Strategies with Stress and Job Satisfaction of Teachers in Art Schools
Authors: Ivanković Melita 
Published: December 2020

Researches on teachers' stress have shown that stress is an important factor upon which educational process depends (Kyriacou, 2001). In this article teachers in art schools in the Republic of Croatia (N=148) were studied. The aim of this article is to determine which are the sources of stress in teachers at elementary music and dancing schools. Besides, one of the problems is to observe ways of teachers' coping with stress as well as correlation with job satisfaction of teachers in art schools. Teachers in art schools are mostly satisfied with their work despite the fact that it is a very stressful profession. Sources of stress of teachers in art schools are to some extent similar to sources of stress of the past researches on teachers. Teachers mostly use coping strategies with stress directed to the problem such as problem solving. A positive correlation of positive coping strategies with stress and job satisfaction was also noticed and the highest correlation shows usage of positive coping strategies with stress. A negative correlation of strategies directed to emotions and job satisfaction such as evasion of coping with problem was also observed. The results refer to particularities of art education and encourage for further researches. Key words: coping strategies; job satisfaction; sources of stress; teachers in art fields.
An Empirical Verification of the Integral Development Method for Deaf Children
Authors: Nikolic Gordana Ilija , Radoman Vesna , Dimoski Sanja 
Published: December 2020

Empirical findings on the difficulties deaf children face in certain areas of cognitive, conative, emotional and social development served as a basis for The Integral Development Method for Deaf Children. The principles of the World Federation of the Deaf (WFD) relating to the importance of sign language, neglected for a long time, provided a wider basis of this method. The first part of the article presents the method in a general way. The research part of the article examined the results of two experimentally controlled workshops. The first workshop examined the effects of various non-verbal stimulation techniques on cognitive development. The second workshop examined the effects of a systematic application of sign language on communicative and educative development. Data in Study 1 were collected by Piaget’s test and in Study 2 we collected by the Communication Competence Scale. The sample consisted of 50 subjects in Study 1 and 60 subjects in Study 2. The subjects were deaf children aged 8 to 12 years. The results confirmed that systematic application of various non-verbal workshop techniques that are suitable for deaf children significantly contributes to the promotion of cognitive development and that they effectively enhance and accelerate the concrete operational stage. A systematic application of Serbian sign language influenced promotion of Serbian speech language and complete communicative competence as well as higher cohesion of sign language end speech language communication skills. Sign language also influenced school achievement. Key words: cognitive development; communication; non-verbal approaches; sign language
Math Anxiety, Math Achievement and Math Motivation in High School Students: Gender Effects
Authors: Milovanović Ilija 
Published: December 2020

According to the results of previous research, math anxiety is an important determinant of lower math achievement among high school students. Although math anxiety affects both genders, some findings indicate that girls are more prone to its manifestation, but do not explain how the contribution of different math anxiety dimensions to the math achievement depends on the interaction of students' gender and manifestations of math motivation. The aim of this research was to examine the moderation effect of gender in the relation between math anxiety and math achievement mediated by math motivation in high school students. The sample consisted of 514 high school students (45.3% male), aged 15 to 19, from Serbia. The instruments used in the research were the Math Anxiety Questionnaire and Students Motivation to Learn Mathematics Scale, while math achievement was measured as the average grade in mathematics at the end of the first term and at the end of the school year. The results of the moderated mediation analysis pointed out negative contribution of the math anxiety to achievement in both genders, with a full mediation of Satisfaction among boys, and partial mediation of Satisfaction and Usefulness among girls. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that it is necessary to apply different motivating strategies in order to overcome math anxiety, which depends on students' gender.
Octomeria candidae (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae), a new species from the Cordillera del Cóndor, Ecuador
Authors: Vélez-Abarca Leisberth , Jiménez Marco M. , Baquero Luis E. 
Published: December 2020

A new species of Octomeria from southern Ecuador was found during an investigation on the orchids of the Cordillera del Cóndor. Octomeria candidae is described and illustrated; likewise, information on its distribution, habitat and conservation status is provided. The new proposed taxon is morphologically similar to O. estrellensis, from which it differs by its creeping habit, the narrowly ovate, long-acuminate sepals and petals, and the yellow lip with an acute apex.
Key Words: Mining activities, New orchid species, Octomeria estrellensis, Orchid conservation, Zamora Chinchipe
Guideline Adherence in Dyspepsia Investigation and Treatment
Authors: Dugan Katelyn , Ablah Elizabeth , Okut Hayrettin , Srinivasan Sachin , Salyers William 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The impact of dyspepsia guidelines on clinical practice may be poor. Provider adherence with dyspepsia guidelines was examined to determine their impact on clinical practice.
Methods: Provider adherence with the 2005 American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines for the Management of Dyspepsia and the 2017 American College of Gastroenterology and Canadian Association of Gastroenterology joint Dyspepsia Management Guidelines was assessed on a national level using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). Patient visit data, including reason for visit of dyspepsia, diagnosis of dyspepsia, or diagnosis of H. pylori infection from NAMCS years 2012 through 2015, were used. Provider adherence with dyspepsia management guidelines was determined based upon provision of at least one recommended test or treatment for dyspepsia.
Results: Providers appeared to adhere to the 2005 ACG guidelines for 49.7% of patient visits. Providers appeared to adhere to the 2017 ACG/CAG guidelines for 51.0% of patient visits.
Conclusions: Provider adherence with the 2005 ACG and the 2017 ACG/CAG Dyspepsia Management Guidelines was determined to be low in this study, highlighting the need to increase evidence-based medical treatment and efficient resource use for dyspepsia.