bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multi‐Functional Implant Induces Bone Formation in a Diabetic Model
Authors: Khorsand Behnoush , Acri Timothy M. , Do Anh‐Vu , Femino John E. , Petersen Emily , Fredericks Douglas C. , Salem Aliasger K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPatients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have defective healing of bone fractures. It was previously shown that nonviral gene delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) that independently encodes bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) and fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2), acts synergistically to promote bone regeneration in a DM animal model. Additionally, both insulin (INS) and the hormonally active form of vitamin D3, 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) (VD3) have independently been shown to play key roles in regulating bone fracture healing in DM patients. However, these individual therapies fail to adequately stimulate bone regeneration, illustrating a need for novel treatment of bone fractures in diabetic patients. Here, the ability of local delivery of INS and VD3 along with BMP‐2 and FGF‐2 genes is investigated to promote bone formation ectopically in Type‐2 diabetic rats. A composite consisting of VD3 and INS is developed that contains poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microparticles (MPs) embedded in a fibrin gel surrounded by a collagen matrix that is permeated with polyethylenimine (PEI)‐(pBMP‐2+pFGF‐2) nanoplexes. Using a submuscular osteoinduction model, it is demonstrated that local delivery of INS, VD3, and PEI‐(pBMP‐2+pFGF‐2) significantly improves bone generation compared to other treatments, thusimplicating this approach as a method to promote bone regeneration in DM patients with bone fractures.
Colloidal Nanosurfactants for 3D Conformal Printing of 2D van der Waals Materials
Authors: Zeng Minxiang , Kuang Wenzheng , Khan Irfan , Huang Dali , Du Yipu , Saeidi‐Javash Mortaza , Zhang Lecheng , Cheng Zhengdong , Hoffman Anthony J. , Zhang Yanliang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrinting techniques using nanomaterials have emerged as a versatile tool for fast prototyping and potentially large‐scale manufacturing of functional devices. Surfactants play a significant role in many printing processes due to their ability to reduce interfacial tension between ink solvents and nanoparticles and thus improve ink colloidal stability. Here, a colloidal graphene quantum dot (GQD)‐based nanosurfactant is reported to stabilize various types of 2D materials in aqueous inks. In particular, a graphene ink with superior colloidal stability is demonstrated by GQD nanosurfactants via the π–π stacking interaction, leading to the printing of multiple high‐resolution patterns on various substrates using a single printing pass. It is found that nanosurfactants can significantly improve the mechanical stability of the printed graphene films compared with those of conventional molecular surfactant, as evidenced by 100 taping, 100 scratching, and 1000 bending cycles. Additionally, the printed composite film exhibits improved photoconductance using UV light with 400 nm wavelength, arising from excitation across the nanosurfactant bandgap. Taking advantage of the 3D conformal aerosol jet printing technique, a series of UV sensors of heterogeneous structures are directly printed on 2D flat and 3D spherical substrates, demonstrating the potential of manufacturing geometrically versatile devices based on nanosurfactant inks.
Transparent and Freestanding Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Films Synthesized Directly and Continuously via a Blown Aerosol Technique
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Zhou Weiya , Xia Xiaogang , Li Kewei , Zhang Nan , Wang Yanchun , Xiao Zhuojian , Fan Qingxia , Kauppinen Esko I. , Xie Sishen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films are promising materials as flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs). Here, inspired by the extrusion blown plastic film technique and the SWCNT synthesis approach by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD), a novel blown aerosol chemical vapor deposition (BACVD) method is reported to directly and continuously produce freestanding SWCNT TCFs at several hundred meters per hour. The synthesis mechanism, involving blowing a stable aerosol bubble and transforming the bubble into an aerogel, is investigated, and a general phase diagram is established for this method. For the SWCNT TCFs via BACVD, both carbon conversion efficiency and SWCNT TCF yield can reach three orders of magnitude higher than those with the conventional FCCVD. The film displays a sheet resistance of 40 ohm sq−1 at 90% transmittance after being doped, representing the record performance based on large‐scale SWCNT films. Transparent, flexible, and stretchable electrodes based on BACVD films are demonstrated. Moreover, this high‐throughput method of producing SWCNT TCFs can be compatible with the roll‐to‐roll process for mass production of flexible displays, touch screens, solar cells, and solid‐state lighting, and is expected to have a broad and long‐term impact on many fields from consumer electronics to energy conversion and generation.
A survey of Australian sonographer psychomotor teaching practices
Authors: Nicholls Delwyn , Sweet Linda , Hyett Jon , Müller Amanda 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report on the findings of a survey of sonographer skill‐teaching practices in Australia using the SonoSTePs tool.MethodA cross‐sectional survey of all qualified sonographers registered with the Australian Sonographer Accreditation Registry.ResultsThe 528 responses showed the use of a two‐step skill‐teaching approach to teach scanning skills and the incorporation of additional instructional practices to support a learner's initial acquisition of scanning skills, which include: providing coaching and guidance as the skill is practised; performing physical guidance; providing immediate error correction; and providing end‐task feedback. Based on our findings, sonographer skill‐teaching practices fall short of best pedagogical approaches.ConclusionThere is a pressing need to identify the optimal pedagogical approaches to teach complex psychomotor scanning skills. Research is required to ensure that the scanning skills are taught efficiently and that the pedagogical approaches to teach scanning skills foster the learner's long‐term retention of the skill. There is also an accompanying need for sonographers involved in teaching scanning skills to have knowledge of the motor‐learning theories and principles related to teaching a complex psychomotor skill.
2‐Methoxyhydroquinone from Vanillin for Aqueous Redox‐Flow Batteries
Authors: Schlemmer Werner , Nothdurft Philipp , Petzold Alina , Riess Gisbert , Frühwirt Philipp , Schmallegger Max , Gescheidt‐Demner Georg , Fischer Roland , Freunberger Stefan A. , Kern Wolfgang , Spirk Stefan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe show the synthesis of a redox‐active quinone, 2‐methoxy‐1,4‐hydroquinone (MHQ), from a bio‐based feedstock and its suitability as electrolyte in aqueous redox flow batteries. We identified semiquinone intermediates at insufficiently low pH and quinoid radicals as responsible for decomposition of MHQ under electrochemical conditions. Both can be avoided and/or stabilized, respectively, using H3PO4 electrolyte, allowing for reversible cycling in a redox flow battery for hundreds of cycles.
Ambient Temperature Graphitization Based on Mechanochemical Synthesis
Authors: Yuan Yating , Wang Tao , Chen Hao , Mahurin Shannon M. , Luo Huimin , Veith Gabriel M. , Yang Zhenzhen , Dai Sheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGraphite has become a critical material because of its high supply risk and essential applications in energy industries. Its present synthesis still relies on an energy‐intensive thermal treatment pathway (Acheson process) at about 3000 °C. Herein, a mechanochemical approach is demonstrated to afford highly crystalline graphite nanosheets at ambient temperature. The key to the success of our methodology lies in the successive decomposition and rearrangement of a carbon nitride framework driven by a denitriding reaction in the presence of magnesium. The afforded graphite features high crystallinity, a high degree of graphitization, a thin nanosheet architecture, and a small flake size, which endow it with superior efficiency in lithium‐ion batteries as an anode material in terms of rate capacity and cycle stability. The mild and cost‐effective pathway used in this study could be a promising alternative for graphite production.
Template‐Directed Quantitative One‐Pot Synthesis of Homochiral Helical Receptors Enabling Enantioselective Binding
Authors: Kim Kyung Mog , Song Geunmoo , Lee Seungwon , Jeon Hae‐Geun , Chae Woojeong , Jeong Kyu‐Sung 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTemplate‐directed synthesis and dynamic covalent chemistry were implemented to achieve quantitative one‐pot syntheses of homochiral helical cavities inside aromatic foldamers. One‐handed helical receptors P‐1, M‐1, P‐2 and M‐2 were assembled from their precursors in the presence of appropriate templates (d‐ and l‐tartaric acid, and d‐ and l‐sorbitol, respectively) via three sequential steps in one pot: imine‐linked chain elongation, template‐induced folding and [4+2] cycloaddition between helical turns. These helical receptors were proven to enantioselectively bind chiral guests used as the templates, and the differences between the association constants of enantiomeric guests were up to more than two orders of magnitude. The structures and binding modes of the receptors were fully characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Mathematical model of thermal storage catalytic combustion process of ethyl acetate on platinum/palladium molecular sieve support reaction system
Authors: Jiang Haichao , Kang Yaping , Chen Huan , Chen Yiqing , Wang Wenbo , Zhang Xiangjing , Qiao Shanlin , Hu Yongqi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work focused on the mathematical model establishment and accurately forecast the conditions of thermal storage catalytic combustion about ethyl acetate, using platinum/palladium molecular sieve support reaction system. According to the physical properties of ethyl acetate and the mass transfer and continuity equations, a mathematical model was established using FORTRAN programming. The mathematical model was used to calculate the removal rate of ethyl acetate at switching time and processing flow rate. Under the same conditions, the model and experiment proved that the removal rate of ethyl acetate was above 98%, indicating that the model provides a valid data for a deeper understanding of the thermal storage catalytic combustion. The accuracy of the model is verified by the experimentally measured bed temperature when compared with the calculated. This work can provide a valuable tool to prevent the reactor from ‘over temperature' or ‘flaming out' in thermal storage catalytic combustion process.
The copper ion reduction and oxidation cycle during the cathodic process of gold thiosulfate leaching
Authors: Zhang Canyu , Wang Qiang , Nie Yanhe , Han Zhiguo , Su Yifan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe copper ion reduction and oxidation cycle during the cathodic process of gold thiosulfate leaching was studied using a rotating disc electrode and cyclic voltammetry, and the dynamic characteristics of the system were discussed. In a copper ammonium solution, the redox reactions of
were reversible and controlled by substance diffusion. The rotating disc electrode and the reduction method with a constant potential showed that the
generated during the reduction process was easily oxidized by O2 to
. In the copper ammonium and thiosulfate system, the reversibility of the redox reactions of
became worse, and the reduction process was still controlled by material diffusion and had a higher diffusion coefficient than that in the copper ammonium solution. However, under this condition, the oxidation reaction of the generated Cu(I) species was complicated. The reduction method with a constant potential showed that the rate‐determining step for the cathodic process was the oxidation step of the Cu(I) species. In addition, some amount of Cu(I) species in solution could not be oxidized in time under the experimental conditions. This part of Cu(I) species may be included during the oxidation decomposition of thiosulfate, thus affecting the dissolution of gold.
The effect on ash deposition by blending high‐calcium Zhundong coal with vermiculite: Focusing on minerals transformations
Authors: Yang Haoran , Jin Jing , Liu Dunyu , Hou Fengxiao , Hang Yixuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo solve the ash deposition problem caused by burning high‐calcium Zhundong coal (ZDC), the addition of vermiculite is a promising solution. However, complete mechanisms of vermiculite addition reducing ash deposition are still unknown. In this paper, the effect of vermiculite on sodium emission, ash fusion characteristics, and mineral transformation is investigated. The results show that although vermiculite, with limited Na capture capacity, lowers the ash fusion temperatures (AFTs), it can greatly reduce ash deposition. In the combustion of ZDC, calcium‐bearing minerals will react with clay minerals and then convert to molten glassy phase. Those molten minerals will take high melting point minerals, Ca2Al2SiO7 and CaMgSi2O6, as bone, showing slagging phenomenon with high AFTs. When vermiculite is introduced, the main reaction products are Ca2MgSi2O7 and Mg2SiO4 and that reduces the extent of molten minerals formation. The main ash product transforming from Ca2Al2SiO7 to Ca2MgSi2O7 leads to the decrease of AFTs. The initial ash deposition with Ca2Al2SiO7 still happens; however, vermiculite addition makes it hard for ash to grow on the existing ash deposit. The results of FactSage software agree with the experimental ones, and the proportion of slag decreases by 36% with vermiculite at 1250°C.
Ultra‐extensible solvent‐free elastomers based on nanocomposite poly(2‐methoxyethylacrylate)/clay xerogels
Authors: Strachota Beata , Strachota Adam , Steinhart Miloš , Šlouf Miroslav , Hodan Jiří 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhysically cross‐linked solvent‐free supramolecularly assembled nanocomposite elastomers were prepared, which displayed exceptionally high extensibility (up to 6000%), besides generally high mechanical properties (G' in rubber region between 1.5 and 40 MPa). The nanocomposites are based on linear poly(2‐methoxyethylacrylate) (polyMEA) and montmorillonite clay (physical cross‐linker), and were obtained via free‐radical polymerization of the monomer in the presence of the exfoliated nanofiller dispersed in water. The mechanical properties of the studied products were varied in a very wide range by changing the concentrations of the radical redox co‐initiator pair, at given constant nanofiller loadings. The latter in turn also strongly altered the product properties. This applied synthesis approach, aimed at obtaining longer elastic chains, made possible to increase the elongation at break up to six times, and also to tremendously and simultaneously increase the toughness (effect of entanglements), as well as to shift the tensile curves between “plastic‐like elastomer” and “simple elastomer.” In all cases, however, the nanocomposite samples displayed a highly efficient recovery, even after very high deformations. The structure–property relationships were deeper elucidated by thermo‐mechanical analysis (DMTA), TGA (thermal stability, elastic chains' immobilization), TEM and X‐ray diffraction.
Evolutionary adaptations in the flexor digitorum profundus muscle in Tamandua mexicana (Xenarthra, Myrmecophagidae)
Authors: Vélez‐García Juan Fernando , Arbeláez‐Quiñones Aura Cristina , Montealegre‐Hurtado Karoll Dayanna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe northern tamandua (Tamandua mexicana) is a neotropical mammal of the order Pilosa, suborder Vermilingua, and family Myrmecophagidae. This species has anatomical and functional adaptations in its forelimb for semiarboreal quadrupedal locomotion. Several studies have reported that the medial head of the triceps brachii and flexor digitorum profundus muscles are fused in species belonging to the family Myrmecophagidae. However, there is no reference to the innervation in these. The triceps brachii muscle is commonly innervated by the radial nerve and the flexor digitorum profundus muscle by the ulnar and median nerves. This study aims to describe the gross anatomy of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle in Tamandua mexicana with respect to the shape, origin, insertion, innervation, and arterial supply. Both forelimbs of nine specimens were used, which were dissected from superficial to deep layers. The formalin‐fixed caudomedial forearm muscles were weighed, and the weight percentages of individual forearm muscle specimens were calculated. The flexor digitorum profundus had the highest weight among the forearm muscles and consisted of five heads (three humerals, one radial, and one ulnar). These heads were innervated by median and ulnar nerves; therefore, based on the innervation pattern, we concluded that the medial head of the triceps brachii muscle is not fused with the flexor digitorum profundus. Therefore, the flexor digitorum profundus muscle is highly developed in Tamandua and occupies the caudal part of the arm and forearm, which is an evolutionary adaptation that could have occurred during evolution from the common ancestor of Tamandua and Myrmecophaga.
Parent‐implemented multiple schedules
Authors: Campos Claudia , Bloom Sarah E. , Weyman Jennifer R. , Garcia Anna R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMultiple schedules are compound schedules that alternate, and each schedule corresponds with a stimulus. They are effective at establishing stimulus control over behavior. Thus, they are sometimes implemented as schedule thinning procedures within the context of functional communication training (FCT) to reduce high rates of appropriate responses while maintaining problem behavior at low rates. To date, researchers have continued to evaluate the practicality of multiple schedules in clinical cases. However, there is a paucity of research on the generalization of treatment effects across settings and implementers. Thus, the purpose of this study was to (1) extend previous research by experimentally evaluating caregiver training on the implementation of multiple schedules within the context of FCT as a treatment for their children's problem behavior in their homes, and (2) assess the social validity of the multiple schedule with the parents. Three parent–child dyads participated in the study. All parents successfully learned to implement the multiple schedules in their home with their children. In addition, all parents reported that the treatment was highly acceptable.
Synthesis, characterization, and photoluminescence property of Nd–TUD‐1
Authors: Hamdy Mohamed S. , Al‐Shehri Badria M. , Al‐Namshah Khadijah S. , Shkir Mohd 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHere, five different samples of neodymium (Nd) incorporated 3D‐mesoporous siliceous materials were fabricated using a single‐step hydrothermal technique. Typically, all samples were subjected to several qualitative elemental and quantitative analyses such as X‐ray diffraction, N2‐adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray, mapping, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance ultraviolet–visible, and Raman spectroscopy. The characterization results showed that at small loading of Nd (i.e. Si/Nd < 20), only isolated centres of trivalent neodymium ions were tetrahedrally coordinated in the TUD‐1 matrix. However, with increasing neodymium loading, additional nanoparticles of neodymium oxide with size 10–20 nm were embedded into silica host pores. Detailed photoluminescence (PL) analysis of all samples was carried out by recording the emission profiles at two diverse excitation wavelengths, 333 and 343 nm, to understand the effect of the Nd3+ environment on the PL emission spectra with special attention to the area between 400 and 600 nm. Most importantly, different peaks of the emission spectrum of each sample exhibited a distinct shape based on the Nd3+ environment. This performance was superior evidence that PL can be applied as a simple and efficient characterization tool to understand the nature of Nd3+ ion linkage with a silica matrix.
Optimization and validation of a GC–MS quantitative method for the determination of an extended estrogenic profile in human urine: Variability intervals in a population of healthy women
Authors: Alladio Eugenio , Amante Eleonora , Bozzolino Cristina , Vaglio Sara , Guzzetti Giusy , Gerace Enrico , Salomone Alberto , Vincenti Marco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn analytical method based on GC–MS was developed for the determination of a wide panel of urinary estrogens, together with their principal metabolites. Because of the low concentration of estrogens in urine, an efficient sample pre‐treatment was optimized by a design of experiment (DoE) procedure to achieve satisfactory sensitivity. A second DoE was built for the optimization of the chromatographic run, with the purpose of reaching the most efficient separation of analytes with potentially interfering ions and similar chromatographic properties. The method was fully validated using a rigorous calibration strategy: from several replicate analyses of blank urine samples spiked with the analytes, calibration models were built with particular attention to the study of heteroscedasticity and quadraticity. Other validation parameters, including the limit of detection, intra‐assay precision and accuracy, repeatability, selectivity, specificity, and carry‐over, were obtained using the same set of data. Further experiments were performed to evaluate matrix effect and extraction recovery. Then the urinary estrogen profiles of 138 post‐menopausal healthy women were determined. These profiles provide a representation of physiological concentration ranges, which, in forthcoming studies, will be matched on the base of multivariate statistics with the urinary estrogenic profile of women with breast or ovarian cancer.
Lamotrigine‐Induced Gingival Enlargement: An Older Problem Due to a Newer Drug ‒ A Rare Case Report
Authors: Rajendran Poornima 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionGingival enlargement (GE) due to anti‐epileptic drugs (AEDs) shows a high prevalence rate. However, lamotrigine, a newer AED, has not shown to induce GE. The present case report describes a rare case of GE in a patient with epilepsy under lamotrigine therapy for the past 3 years.Case PresentationIn this report, successful management of lamotrigine‐influenced GE in a 24‐year‐old patient with epilepsy by gingivectomy followed by stringent oral hygiene protocol is presented.ConclusionThe present case report suggests that, even this newer AED can cause GE and the oral hygiene status of the patients could be an important triggering factor.