bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who is telling the story? A systematic review of authorship for infectious disease research conducted in Africa, 1980–2016
Authors: Mbaye Rose , Gebeyehu Redeat , Hossmann Stefanie , Mbarga Nicole , Bih-Neh Estella , Eteki Lucrece , Thelma Ohene-Agyei , Oyerinde Abiodun , Kiti Gift , Mburu Yvonne , Haberer Jessica , Siedner Mark , Okeke Iruka , Boum Yap 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionAfrica contributes little to the biomedical literature despite its high burden of infectious diseases. Global health research partnerships aimed at addressing Africa-endemic disease may be polarised. Therefore, we assessed the contribution of researchers in Africa to research on six infectious diseases.MethodsWe reviewed publications on HIV and malaria (2013–2016), tuberculosis (2014–2016), salmonellosis, Ebola haemorrhagic fever and Buruli ulcer disease (1980–2016) conducted in Africa and indexed in the PubMed database using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Papers reporting original research done in Africa with at least one laboratory test performed on biological samples were included. We studied African author proportion and placement per study type, disease, funding, study country and lingua franca.ResultsWe included 1182 of 2871 retrieved articles that met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 1109 (93.2%) had at least one Africa-based author, 552 (49.8%) had an African first author and 41.3% (n=458) an African last author. Papers on salmonellosis and tuberculosis had a higher proportion of African last authors (p<0.001) compared with the other diseases. Most of African first and last authors had an affiliation from an Anglophone country. HIV, malaria, tuberculosis and Ebola had the most extramurally funded studies (≥70%), but less than 10% of the acknowledged funding was from an African funder.ConclusionAfrican researchers are under-represented in first and last authorship positions in papers published from research done in Africa. This calls for greater investment in capacity building and equitable research partnerships at every level of the global health community.
What is the evidence for efficacy, effectiveness and safety of surgical interventions for plantar fasciopathy? Protocol for a systematic review
Authors: MacRae C Siân , Roche Andrew J , Sinnett Tim J , O'Connell Neil E 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionPlantar fasciopathy (PF) is a degenerative condition of the plantar fascia, secondary to repetitive overloading. For the majority, PF is self-limiting with greater than 80% of those affected gaining complete resolution within 1 year. However, persistent symptoms develop in approximately 10% of cases. Clinical practice guidelines for first-line treatment of PF recommend conservative management. For people with persistent symptoms that have not resolved following a trial of 6–12 months of conservative management, surgery may be offered. However, to date there are no systematic reviews of the effectiveness of the various surgical procedures for PF. We aim to systematically review quantitative studies assessing the effectiveness of surgical interventions in the management of PF.Methods and analysisWe will search for all published and unpublished randomised clinical trials evaluating surgical interventions in the management of PF. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), Web of Science (ISI) and Google Scholar will be searched without restrictions on date or language of publication. Inclusion criteria will include people over 18 years, diagnosed by clinical examination with PF, or with an alternative diagnostic label (eg, plantar fasciitis, plantar heel pain, plantar fasciosis). The primary outcomes are changes in pain severity/intensity for first-step pain, and incidence and nature of adverse events. Secondary outcomes include foot and ankle-related disability/function, health-related quality of life, cost-effectiveness, changes in other reported measures of pain (eg, overall pain) and medication use. Outcomes will be assessed (1) short term (≤3 months after intervention), (2) medium term (>3 months to ≤6 months after intervention) or (3) long term (>6 months to ≤2 years after treatment). All data extraction will be performed by at least two independent reviewers on the basis of a priori developed extraction form. Where adequate data are found meta-analysis will be used to combine the results of studies for all core comparisons and outcomes using random effects models. Overall certainty of the evidence for each outcome will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review does not require ethical approval as primary data will not be collected. The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at appropriate conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019133563.
The MOSEXY trial: mobile phone intervention for sexual health in youth—a pragmatic randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of a smartphone application on sexual health in youth in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Nielsen Anna Maria , De Costa Ayesha , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina , Marrone Gaetano , Boman Jens , Salazar Mariano , Diwan Vinod 
Published: October 2019

An estimated 350 million cases of STIs occur globally each year. In Sweden,
Chlamydia
is the most common STI with approximately 30 000 cases annually, disproportionally affecting youth. National surveys report low condom use among youth. Smartphone coverage is high among this tech-savvy group. In collaboration with youth, we developed an interactive smartphone application comprising games, peer experiences and information snippets to promote condom use.

Objectives
To evaluate in a randomised controlled trial, the effectiveness of this smartphone application to improve condom use among youth in Stockholm, Sweden.

Methods
This two-arm, individually randomised controlled trial was implemented through the Youth Health Clinics (YHC) in Stockholm, Sweden. Youth aged 18–23 years, who owned a smartphone and had ≥2 sexual partners during the past 6 months were eligible. The intervention delivered the interactive elements described above over 180 days. The control group received a ‘dummy’ application. Both groups received standard of care at the YHC. The primary outcome was proportion of consistent (100%) self-reported condom use at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included self-reported number of partners, occurrence of STIs/pregnancy and STI tests during the study period. An intention-to-treat approach was used.

Results
214 and 219 youth were randomised to the intervention and control groups, respectively. Consistent condom use was reported for 32/214 (15.0%) in the intervention group and for 35/219 (16.0%) in the control group (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.6). No significant differences in secondary outcomes were seen.

Conclusion
We were unable to detect an effect of the intervention. Future research should focus on targeting different subgroups within the overall risk group, with tailored mHealth interventions. The potential for such interventions in settings where sexual health services are unavailable should be evaluated.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN13212899
.
Geographic Diversification of Recommended POIs in Frequently Visited Areas
Authors: Han Jungkyu , Yamana Hayato 
Published: October 2019

In the personalized Point-Of-Interest (POI) (or venue) recommendation, the diversity of recommended POIs is an important aspect. Diversity is especially important when POIs are recommended in the target users’ frequently visited areas, because users are likely to revisit such areas. In addition to the (POI) category diversity that is a popular diversification objective in recommendation domains, diversification of recommended POI locations is an interesting subject itself. Despite its importance, existing POI recommender studies generally focus on and evaluate prediction accuracy. In this article, geographical diversification (
geo-diversification
), a novel diversification concept that aims to increase recommendation coverage for a target users’ geographic areas of interest, is introduced, from which a method that improves geo-diversity as an addition to existing state-of-the-art POI recommenders is proposed. In experiments with the datasets from two real Location Based Social Networks (LSBNs), we first analyze the performance of four state-of-the-art POI recommenders from various evaluation perspectives including category diversity and geo-diversity that have not been examined previously. The proposed method consistently improves geo-diversity (CPR(geo)@20) by 5 to 12% when combined with four state-of-the-art POI recommenders with negligible prediction accuracy (Recall@20) loss and provides 6 to 18% geo-diversity improvement with tolerable prediction accuracy loss (up to 2.4%).
Rationale and Strategies for Preserving Residual Kidney Function in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Li Tian , Wilcox Christopher S. , Lipkowitz Michael S. , Gordon-Cappitelli Judit , Dragoi Serban 
Published: October 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Residual kidney function (RKF) conveys a survival benefit among dialysis patients, but the mechanism remains unclear. Improved volume control, clearance of protein-bound and middle molecules, reduced inflammation and preserved erythropoietin and vitamin D production are among the proposed mechanisms. Preservation of RKF requires techniques to measure it accurately to be able to uncover factors that accelerate its loss and interventions that preserve it and ultimately to individualize therapy. The average of renal creatinine and urea clearance provides a superior estimate of RKF in dialysis patients, when compared with daily urine volume. However, both involve the difficult task of obtaining an accurate 24-h urine sample. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> In this article, we first review the definition and measurement of RKF, including newly proposed markers such as serum levels of beta2-microglobulin, cystatin C and beta-trace protein. We then discuss the predictors of RKF loss in new dialysis patients. We review several strategies to preserve RKF such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade, incremental dialysis, use of biocompatible membranes and ultrapure dialysate in hemodialysis (HD) patients, and use of biocompatible solutions in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Despite their generally adverse effects on renal function, aminoglycoside antibiotics have not been shown to have adverse effects on RKF in well-hydrated patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Presently, the roles of better blood pressure control, diuretic usage, diet, and dialysis modality on RKF remain to be clearly established. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> RKF is an important and favorable prognostic indicator of reduced morbidity, mortality, and higher quality of life in both PD an HD patients. Further investigation is warranted to uncover factors that protect or impair RKF. This should lead to improved quality of life and prolonged lifespan in patients with ESRD and cost-reduction through patient centeredness, individualized therapy, and precision medicine approaches.
Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming by CD36 Signaling Drives Macrophage Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Chen Yiliang , Yang Moua , Huang Wenxin , Chen Wenjing , Zhao Yiqiong , Schulte Marie L. , Volberding Peter , Gerbec Zachary , Zimmermann Michael T. , Zeighami Atefeh , Demos Wendy , Zhang Jue , Knaack Darcy A. , Smith Brian C. , Cui Weiguo , Malarkannan Subramaniam , Sodhi Komal , Shapiro Joseph I. , Xie Zijian , Sahoo Daisy , Silverstein Roy L. 
Published: October 2019

Rationale:
A hallmark of chronic inflammatory disorders is persistence of proinflammatory macrophages in diseased tissues. In atherosclerosis, this is associated with dyslipidemia and oxidative stress, but mechanisms linking these phenomena to macrophage activation remain incompletely understood.

Objective:
To investigate mechanisms linking dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and macrophage activation through modulation of immunometabolism and to explore therapeutic potential targeting specific metabolic pathways.

Methods and Results:

Using a combination of biochemical, immunologic, and ex vivo cell metabolic studies, we report that CD36 mediates a mitochondrial metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to superoxide production in response to its ligand, oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein). Mitochondrial-specific inhibition of superoxide inhibited oxidized LDL-induced NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) activation and inflammatory cytokine generation. RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, 3H-labeled palmitic acid uptake, lipidomic analysis, confocal and electron microscopy imaging, and functional energetics revealed that oxidized LDL upregulated effectors of long-chain fatty acid uptake and mitochondrial import, while downregulating fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting ATP5A (ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha)—an electron transport chain component. The combined effect is long-chain fatty acid accumulation, alteration of mitochondrial structure and function, repurposing of the electron transport chain to superoxide production, and NF-κB activation.
Apoe
null mice challenged with high-fat diet showed similar metabolic changes in circulating Ly6C
+
monocytes and peritoneal macrophages, along with increased CD36 expression. Moreover, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were positively correlated with CD36 expression in aortic lesional macrophages.

Conclusions:
These findings reveal that oxidized LDL/CD36 signaling in macrophages links dysregulated fatty acid metabolism to oxidative stress from the mitochondria, which drives chronic inflammation. Thus, targeting to CD36 and its downstream effectors may serve as potential new strategies against chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis.
Association of Hospital Racial Composition and Payer Mix With Mortality in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Srivastava Pratyaksh K. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Bahiru Ehete , Ziaeian Boback 
Published: October 2019

Background
Patient characteristics insufficiently explain disparities in cardiovascular outcomes among hospitalized patients, suggesting a role for community or hospital‐level factors. Here, we evaluate the association of hospital racial composition and payer mix with all‐cause inpatient mortality for patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods and Results
Using the National Inpatient Sample, we identified adult hospitalizations from 2014 with a primary diagnosis of ACS (n=550 005). We divided National Inpatient Sample hospitals into quartiles based on percent of minority (black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, Native American race/ethnicity) and low‐income payer (Medicaid or uninsured) discharges in 2014. We utilized logistic regression to determine whether hospital minority or low‐income payer makeup associated with all‐cause inpatient mortality among those admitted for ACS . In adjusted models, ACS patients admitted to hospitals with >12.4% to 25.4% (Quartile 2), >25.4% to 44.3% (Q3), and >44.3% (Q4) minority discharges experienced a 14% (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06–1.23), 13% (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04–1.23), and 15% (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.04–1.26) increased odds of all‐cause inpatient mortality compared with hospitals with ≤12.4% (Q1) minority discharges. ACS patients admitted to hospitals with >18.7% to 25.7% (Q2) and >34.0% (Q4) low‐income payer discharges experienced a 9% (OR 1.09, 1.01–1.17) and 9% (OR 1.09, 1.00–1.19) increased odds of all‐cause inpatient mortality when compared with hospitals with ≤18.7% (Q1) low‐income payer discharges.

Conclusions
Hospital minority and low‐income payer makeup positively associate with odds of all‐cause inpatient mortality among patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome.
Methodological and Clinical Heterogeneity and Extraction Errors in Meta‐Analyses of Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure
Authors: Packer Milton 
Published: October 2019

Background
Meta‐analyses are expected to follow a standardized process, and thus, they have become highly formulaic, although there is little evidence that such regimentation yields high‐quality results.

Methods and Results
This article describes the results of a critical examination of 14 published meta‐analyses of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in heart failure that were based on a nearly identical core set of 4 to 6 primary trials. Methodological issues included (1) the neglect of primary data or the failure to report any primary data; (2) the inaccurate recording of the number of randomized patients; (3) the lack of attention to data missingness or baseline imbalances; (4) the failure to contact investigators of primary trials for additional data; (5) the incorrect extraction of data, the misidentification of events, and the assignment of events to the wrong treatment groups; (6) the calculation of summary estimates based on demonstrably heterogenous data, methods of differing reliability, or unrelated end points; and (7) the development of conclusions based on sparse numbers of events or overly reliant on the results of 1 dominant trial.

Conclusions
These findings reinforce existing concerns about the methodological validity of meta‐analyses and their current status in the hierarchy of medical evidence, and they raise new questions about the process by which meta‐analyses undergo peer review by medical journals.
The Transmission History of 2 Kings 21:13b
Authors: Brown-deVost Bronson 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In an odd turn of phrase, the Masoretic tradition of 2 Kings 21:13b likens Jerusalem’s destruction to the wiping of a bowl or dish. This reading has almost universally been accepted in modern scholarship, with virtually no attention given to the significant variants in the other biblical versions. An analysis of these variants suggests a complex transmission history of this passage that has been profoundly shaped by a rich culture of interpretation within a dynamic sociolinguistic context.
Von Edelsteinen und ihren »Fund«Orten—Ein Beitrag zum Weltbild des Alten Orients
Authors: Körting Corinna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ancient Near Eastern Sources offer various kinds of descriptions of gemstones and their use, either for healing or for sanctification rituals. Several myths explain their place in the Ancient Near Eastern cosmology. One of these myths is the Gilgamesh Epic, which tells about a garden of gemstones lying behind the way of the sun—out of reach for humankind. The placement of the garden, e.g. the gemstones in Gilgamesh, also demands further investigation of the placement of gemstones in the Old Testament. The article offers a thorough reading of Gilg. IX 170-196; Gen 2:10-14; Ezek 28:11-19; Is 54:11-17a and, briefly, Job 28. The author shows that gemstones are not just to be regarded colorful and precious. They are deeply connected with a realm outside human reach and with primeval times. They function as a marker in this respect when placed at the robe of the king of Tyre. And they transform Zion according to Is 54 at the other end, to an eschatological future.
Procuring Virgins, Performing Peace: Reconciliation through the Exchange of Women in Judges 21
Authors: Case Megan L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rather than the commonly understood chaotic ending to Judges which illustrates the need for a king, the exchange of women in Judg 21 mediates the conflict between the Israelite tribes, creating a peaceful resolution to their civil war through the reestablishment of kinship loyalties. By applying anthropological concepts of gift exchange and alternative marriage practices to the final story of Judges (chs. 19-21), especially to the resolution of that story in ch. 21, we can see the rapprochement achieved through the gift of virgin brides which strengthens relations between the tribes. In light of this assessment, the monarchic refrain (Judg 17:6; 18:1; 19:1; and 21:25) was likely added during the latest stages of development to frame the final two stories to emphasize the need for a strong central government—kingship. Only with this refrain does the reconciliation of the warring tribes realized through the traffic of women appear insufficient.
Within-population morphological differences in the New World silverside Odontesthes argentinensis inhabiting two coastal lagoons of Uruguay (southwestern Atlantic)
Authors: Vettorazzi Renzo , Nuñez Diego , Norbis Walter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Silversides are renowned for their phenotypic plasticity with different populations coexisting as incipient species. The New World silverside Odontesthes argentinensis is an estuarine-resident fish with known populations inhabiting the Rio de la Plata estuary as well as coastal lagoons of Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, where it constitutes an important resource for artisanal fisheries. Using classical morphometric analysis, we study six morphological variables to determine if there are differences between the New World silversides collected from two Uruguayan Atlantic coastal lagoons (Garzon and Rocha Lagoons), which communicate periodically with the ocean. In collaboration with artisanal fishermen, silversides were measured in fresh condition. After removing the size and allometric effect on the variables, Canonical Discriminant Analysis (DA) was applied to compare the morphometry of individuals collected in the two lagoons. Results supported the existence of two groups with values greater than 80% of accurate classification. The morphometric variables that contributed the most to this result were eye diameter, breadth of mouth, length from mouth tip to anal fin and length of pectoral fin. The first two morphometric variables are related to sensory perception and feeding, which could be indicators of an ecological segregation, conditioned by the characteristics of the environment, considering that the two coastal lagoons differ in their abiotic characteristics, most importantly in their hydrodynamic conditions. This work represents the first study of differences between two estuarine coastal lagoon populations of O. argentinensis.
A Proposal for the Effective Implementation of the Protective Mandate of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
Authors: Uwazuruike Allwell 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights ushered in an era of human rights promotion and protection at the regional level. However, the African Commission, created for this purpose, continues to face challenges especially with regard to the protection of human rights. This article critically examines one of the core obstacles to the effective operation of the Commission’s protective mandate – the binding nature of its recommendations – and formulates a proposal for bypassing that obstacle. It argues for the strengthening of the Commission’s protective mandate through a distinct and unambivalent adoption of the Commission’s rulings as official decisions of the AU Assembly backed by the concomitant full sanctioning power of the latter. Such adoption, it is argued, must go beyond the current near ceremonious practice whereby the Assembly receives and ‘adopts’ the Commission’s Activity Reports and focus on the recommendations themselves. Adopting this new system, it is argued, will strengthen and add meaning to the Commission’s protective mandate and further project the status of human rights across the continent.