bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further evidence for the non-existence of a unified hoop conjecture
Authors: Hod Shahar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe hoop conjecture, introduced by Thorne almost five decades ago, asserts that black holes are characterized by the mass-to-circumference relation $$4\pi {\mathcal {M}}/{\mathcal {C}}\ge 1$$

4
π
M
/
C
≥
1

, whereas horizonless compact objects are characterized by the opposite inequality $$4\pi {\mathcal {M}}/{\mathcal {C}}<1$$

4
π
M
/
C
<
1

(here $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
is the circumference of the smallest ring that can engulf the self-gravitating compact object in all azimuthal directions). It has recently been proved that a necessary condition for the validity of this conjecture in horizonless spacetimes of spatially regular charged compact objects is that the mass $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
be interpreted as the mass contained within the engulfing sphere (and not as the asymptotically measured total ADM mass). In the present paper we raise the following physically intriguing question: is it possible to formulate a unified version of the hoop conjecture which is valid for both black holes and horizonless compact objects? In order to address this important question, we analyze the behavior of the mass-to-circumference ratio of Kerr–Newman black holes. We explicitly prove that if the mass $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
in the hoop relation is interpreted as the quasilocal Einstein–Landau–Lifshitz–Papapetrou and Weinberg mass contained within the black-hole horizon, then these charged and spinning black holes are characterized by the sub-critical mass-to-circumference ratio $$4\pi {\mathcal {M}}/{\mathcal {C}}<1$$

4
π
M
/
C
<
1

. Our results provide evidence for the non-existence of a unified version of the hoop conjecture which is valid for both black-hole spacetimes and spatially regular horizonless compact objects.
Some Existence Results for High Order Fractional Impulsive Differential Equation on Infinite Interval
Authors: Hao Zhaocai , Wang Tian 
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we consider the high order impulsive differential equation on infinite interval

D

0
+

α

u

t

+
f

t
,
u

t

,

J

0
+

β

u

t

,

D

0
+

α
−
1

u

t

=
0
,

t
∈

0
,
∞

∖

t

k

k
=
1

m

△
u

t

k

=

I

k

u

t

k

,

t
=

t

k

,
k
=
1
,
…
,
m

u

0

=

u

′

0

=
⋯
=

u

n
−
2

0

=
0
,

D

0
+

α
−
1

u

∞

=

u

0

By applying Schauder fixed points and Altman fixed points, we obtain some new results on the existence of solutions. The nonlinear term of the equation contains fractional integral operator

J

β

u

t

and lower order derivative operator

D

0
+

α
−
1

u

t

. An example is presented to illustrate our results.
Phenotypic Differences in Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome With or Without a Disease-causing SMAD4/BMPR1A Variant
Authors: MacFarland Suzanne P. , Ebrahimzadeh Jessica E. , Zelley Kristin , Begum Lubna , Bass Lee M. , Brand Randall E. , Dudley Beth , Fishman Douglas S. , Ganzak Amanda , Karloski Eve , Latham Alicia , Llor Xavier , Plon Sharon , Riordan Mary K. , Scollon Sarah R. , Stadler Zsofia K. , Syngal Sapna , Ukaegbu Chinedu , Weiss Jennifer M. , Yurgelun Matthew B. , Brodeur Garrett M. , Mamula Petar , Katona Bryson W. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) is a clinically diagnosed hamartomatous polyposis syndrome that increases the risk of gastrointestinal cancer. Approximately 40%–50% of JPS is caused by a germline disease-causing variant (DCV) in the SMAD4 or BMPR1A genes. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype of DCV-negative JPS and compare it with DCV-positive JPS. Herein, we analyzed a cohort of 145 individuals with JPS from nine institutions, including both pediatric and adult centers. Data analyzed included age at diagnosis, family history, cancer history, need for colectomy/gastrectomy, and polyp number and location. Compared with DCV-positive JPS, DCV-negative JPS was associated with younger age at diagnosis (P &lt; 0.001), lower likelihood of having a family history of JPS (P &lt; 0.001), and a lower risk of colectomy (P = 0.032). None of the DCV-negative individuals had gastric or duodenal polyps, and polyp burden decreased after the first decade compared with DCV-positive JPS. Subgroup analysis between SMAD4 and BMPR1A carriers showed that SMAD4 carriers were more likely to have a family history of JPS and required gastrectomy. Taken together, these data provide the largest phenotypic characterization of individuals with DCV-negative JPS to date, showing that this group has distinct differences compared with JPS due to a SMAD4 or BMPR1A variant. Better understanding of phenotype and cancer risk associated with JPS both with and without a DCV may ultimately allow for individualized management of polyposis and cancer risk.
Prevention Relevance: Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome (JPS) is a gastrointestinal cancer predisposition syndrome requiring lifelong surveillance, however there is limited data comparing individuals with and without a germline disease-causing variant in SMAD4 or BMPR1A. Herein we show that individuals with JPS without an underlying disease-causing variant have distinct phenotypic differences including lack of upper gastrointestinal polyps and lower rates of a family history of JPS, suggesting that a different approach to management may be appropriate in this population.
Pharmacologic Inhibition of FGFR Modulates the Metastatic Immune Microenvironment and Promotes Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Akhand Saeed S. , Liu Zian , Purdy Stephen C. , Abdullah Ammara , Lin Hang , Cresswell Gregory M. , Ratliff Timothy L. , Wendt Michael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The effectiveness of immunotherapy as a treatment for metastatic breast cancer is limited due to low numbers of infiltrating lymphocytes in metastatic lesions. Herein, we demonstrated that adjuvant therapy using FIIN4, a covalent inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), dramatically delayed the growth of pulmonary metastases in syngeneic models of metastatic breast cancer. In addition, we demonstrated in a syngeneic model of systemic tumor dormancy that targeting of FGFR enhanced the immunogenicity of the pulmonary tumor microenvironment through increased infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes and reduced presence of myeloid suppressor cells. Similar impacts on immune cell infiltration were observed upon genetic depletion of FGFR1 in tumor cells, which suggested a direct influence of FGFR signaling on lymphocyte trafficking. Suppression of CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration was consistent with FGFR-mediated inhibition of the T-cell chemoattractant CXCL16. Initial attempts to concomitantly administer FIIN4 with immune checkpoint blockade failed due to inhibition of immune-mediated tumor cell killing via blockade of T-cell receptor signaling by FIIN4. However, this was overcome by using a sequential dosing protocol that consisted of FIIN4 treatment followed by anti–PD-L1. These data illustrate the complexities of combining kinase inhibitors with immunotherapy and provide support for further assessment of FGFR targeting as an approach to enhance antitumor immunity and improve immunotherapy response rates in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Improving Radar-Based Precipitation Nowcasts with Machine Learning Using an Approach Based on Random Forest
Authors: Mao Yiwen , Sorteberg Asgeir 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA binary classification model is trained by random forest using data from 41 stations in Norway to predict the precipitation in a given hour. The predictors consist of results from radar nowcasts and numerical weather predictions. The results demonstrate that the random forest model can improve the precipitation predictions by the radar nowcasts and the numerical weather predictions. This study clarifies whether certain potential factors related to model training can influence the predictive skill of the random forest method. The results indicate that enforcing a balanced prediction by resampling the training datasets or lowering the threshold probability for classification cannot improve the predictive skill of the random forest model. The study reveals that the predictive skill of the random forest model shows seasonality, but is only weakly influenced by the geographic diversity of the training dataset. Finally, the study shows that the most important predictor is the precipitation predictions by the radar nowcasts followed by the precipitation predictions by the numerical weather predictions. Although meteorological variables other than precipitation are weaker predictors, the results suggest that they can help to reduce the false alarm ratio and to increase the success ratio of the precipitation prediction.
Effects of naringin on reversing cisplatin resistance and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in human ovarian cancer SKOV3/CDDP cells
Authors: Zhu Hong , Zou Xia , Lin ShiXin , Hu Xin , Gao Jun 
Published: October 2020

Objective Ovarian cancer is one of three malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. Our previous studies showed that the traditional Chinese medicine naringin significantly inhibited the proliferation of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells in vitro, and that the mechanism may be related to the NF-κB pathway. Methods The MTT assay was used to detect the sensitivity of SKOV3 and SKOV3/CDDP cells to cisplatin, the effect of different naringin concentrations on the proliferation of SKOV3/CDDP cells, and the reversal of cisplatin resistance in naringin-treated SKOV3/CDDP cells. Western blotting was used to detect β-catenin, c-Myc, and cyclin D1 protein levels in the different cell lines. Results MTT results showed that different concentrations of naringin inhibited the proliferation of SKOV3 and SKOV3/CDDP cells, and that the inhibition increased with increasing concentrations and prolonged incubation times. Western blotting revealed that compared with controls (SKOV3/CDDP-0), β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 proteins levels were significantly decreased in SKOV3/CDDP-C, SKOV3/CDDP-N 20, and SKOV3/CDDP-CN 20 cells, suggesting that naringin inhibited the proliferation of SKOV3/CDDP cells in a concentration and time dependent manner. Conclusions Non-cytotoxic naringin reduced the expression of β-catenin, c-Myc, and cyclin D1 in SKOV3/CDDP cells and partially reversed cisplatin resistance in SKOV3/CDDP CN 20 cells.
Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for short oblique diaphyseal tibia fractures: does fracture site affect the outcomes?
Authors: Eken Gokay , Ermutlu Cenk , Durak Kemal , Atici Teoman , Sarisozen Bartu , Cakar Adnan 
Published: October 2020

Objective To report the results of patients with short oblique diaphyseal tibia fractures treated with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO). The secondary aim was to understand the effect of fracture location (midshaft or distal 1/3) on outcomes. Methods Twenty-eight patients with short oblique (>30°) tibial shaft fractures (AO/OTA 42A2) treated with plate and MIPO technique between 2015 and 2019 were retrospectively assessed. Age, gender, follow-up time, fracture type (open or closed), operation time, postoperative infection rate, union time, ankle joint range of motion, and complications were analyzed. Patients’ radiographs at a minimum 1-year follow-up were evaluated for malunion, nonunion, and implant-related complications. Results Mean age and follow-up time were 47.0 ± 15.7 years and 18.3 ± 12.1 months, respectively. Mean bone union time was 3.66 ± 1.04 months in middle 1/3 diaphysis and 4.23 ± 1.48 months in distal 1/3 tibia fractures. Seven (25%) patients developed superficial infections. Mean union time, malunion rate, coronal and sagittal angulation, operation length, and infection rate were similar between the groups. Conclusion MIPO is an effective method for treatment of short oblique diaphyseal tibia fractures, and results in few complications. Both distal and midshaft fractures have similar union and malunion rates.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Incidence in Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bram Joshua T. , Magee Lacey C. , Mehta Nishank N. , Patel Neeraj M. , Ganley Theodore J. 
Published: October 2020

Background: The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries among adolescent athletes is steadily increasing. Identification of the highest risk sports for ACL injuries by sex and competitive setting (ie, practice vs match) is important for targeting injury prevention programs. Purpose: To identify the risk of ACL injuries in adolescent athletes by sport, sex, and setting across a variety of common US and international sports. Study Design: Meta-analysis. Methods: Essentially, 3 online databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched for all studies of ACL injuries per athlete-exposure (AE) or hours of exposure in adolescent athletes. Injuries were then pooled and incidence rates (IRs) reported per 1000 AEs or hours of exposure, with the relative risk (RR) of injuries calculated for sex-comparable sports. IRs per competitive setting (match vs practice) were also calculated. Results: A total of 1235 ACL injuries over 17,824,251 AEs were identified (IR, 0.069 [95% CI, 0.065-0.074]), with 586 of these injuries in girls across 6,986,683 AEs (IR, 0.084 [95% CI, 0.077-0.091]) versus 649 injuries in boys over 10,837,568 AEs (IR, 0.060 [95% CI, 0.055-0.065]). Girls had a higher overall rate of ACL injuries (RR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.25-1.57]), with the most disproportionate risk observed in basketball (RR, 4.14 [95% CI, 2.98-5.76]). The risk of ACL injuries by sex was highest in girls’ soccer (IR, 0.166 [95% CI, 0.146-0.189]) and boys’ football (IR, 0.101 [95% CI, 0.092-0.111]). ACL injuries were over 8 (RR, 8.54 [95% CI, 6.46-11.30]) and 6 (RR, 6.85 [95% CI, 5.52-8.49]) times more likely to occur in a match versus a practice setting for female and male athletes, respectively. Conclusion: The risk of ACL injuries overall approached nearly 1 per 10,000 AEs for female athletes, who were almost 1.5 times as likely as male athletes to suffer an ACL injury across all adolescent sports. A multisport female athlete was estimated to have a nearly 10% risk of ACL injuries over her entire high school or secondary school career. Specifically, male and female adolescents playing soccer, basketball, lacrosse, and football appeared at particular risk of injuries, a finding that can be used to target an injury intervention.
Rotational Changes in the Tibia After High Tibial Valgus Osteotomy: A Comparative Study of Lateral Closing Versus Medial Opening Wedge Osteotomy
Authors: Kim Joong Il , Kim Bo Hyun , Han Hyuk Soo , Lee Myung Chul 
Published: October 2020

Background: After high tibial valgus osteotomy (HTO), rotational changes in the tibia may occur, which can affect the biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint and may lead to anterior knee pain. Purpose: To compare the rotational changes in the tibia between closing wedge HTO (CWHTO) and opening wedge HTO (OWHTO). Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Among the patients who underwent HTO between May 2012 and August 2015, 53 (28 CWHTO and 25 OWHTO) who had computed tomography scans before and at 1 year after the HTO were included. The following parameters were compared between CWHTO and OWHTO: (1) tibial torsion angle, (2) knee rotation angle, and (3) tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance. During the last follow-up, patients were asked to rate their anterior knee pain when climbing the stairs, using the visual analog scale. Results: The tibial torsion angle significantly decreased (internal rotation of the distal fragment) after CWHTO (mean ± SD, –2.1°± 4.1°; P = .019) and OWHTO (–1.8°± 3.3°; P = .029). The knee rotation angle significantly decreased (external rotation of the proximal fragment) after OWHTO (–1.8°± 3.4°; P = .039) but was not changed after CWHTO (0.1°± 3.1°; P = .859). The mean TT-TG distance significantly decreased after CWHTO (–3.1 ± 3.0 mm; P < .001) but increased after OWHTO (2.0 ± 4.3 mm; P = .012). At the final follow-up (minimum, 4 years), the visual analog scale pain score during stair climbing was significantly higher after OWHTO than after CWHTO (3.1 ± 1.4 vs 2.2 ± 1.3, P = .024). Conclusion: Internal rotation of the distal fragment occurred after both CWHTO and OWHTO. However, external rotation of the proximal fragment and increased TT-TG distance occurred after OWHTO. Because such rotational changes could affect anterior knee pain, further studies are warranted to investigate the definite relationship between tibial rotational changes and anterior knee pain after HTO.
Rare cases of severe life-threatening lead poisoning due to accident or chronic occupational exposure to lead and manganese: Diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis
Authors: Du Xuqin , Zheng Wei , Ye Qiao 
Published: October 2020

Background: Chronic long-term, low-dose environmental and occupational exposure to lead (Pb) has been extensively studied in large cohorts worldwide among general populations, miners, smelters, or battery workers. However, studies on severe life-threatening Pb poisoning due to accidental or chronic occupational exposure to Pb and manganese (Mn) were rarely reported. Methods: We present one case of acute severe Pb poisoning and compare it with another severe chronic occupational exposure case involving Pb and Mn. A 27-year-old woman mistakenly took a large quantity of pure Pb powder as an herbal remedy; she developed abdominal colic, severe nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and cutaneous and sclera icterus. Laboratory tests showed her blood lead level (BLL) of 173.5 µg dL−1 and urinary lead level (ULL) of 1240 µg dL−1. The patient was diagnosed with acute Pb poisoning and acute liver failure. In another chronic exposure case, a 56-year-old man worked in a Pb and Mn smelting factory for 15 years. He was brought to the emergency room with severe nausea, vomiting, and paroxysmal abdominal colic, which was intolerable during the onset of pain. His BLL was 64.8 µg dL−1 and ULL was 38 µg dL−1, but his blood and urinary Mn levels were normal. The patient was diagnosed with chronic Pb poisoning. Both patients received chelation therapy with calcium disodium ethylene-diamine-tetraacetate (CaNa2EDTA). The woman with acute severe Pb intoxication recovered well and was discharged from the hospital after treatment, and the man who survived severe Pb poisoning was diagnosed with lung cancer. Conclusion: Clinical manifestations of acute and chronic severe Pb poisoning are different. Chelation therapy with CaNa2EDTA is proven to be an effective life-saving therapy in both cases by reducing BLL. Occupational exposure to both Pb and Mn does not appear to increase Mn neurotoxicity; however, the probability that co-exposure to Mn may increase Pb toxicity in the same patient cannot be excluded.
Hospitalized Patients’ Perspectives on Spiritual Assessment: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Cone Pamela H. , Giske Tove 
Published: October 2020

Background: Research shows that spirituality is important, but patients report that nurses rarely address spiritual issues, and research from the patient viewpoint is limited. Aim: The research objective was to gain knowledge about hospitalized patients’ perspectives on spiritual assessment by nurses. Method: This is a mixed methods exploratory study reporting on quantitative/qualitative aspects of the patient perspective. Norwegian nurses in an acute care hospital distributed a 21-item spiritual assessment survey to patients they felt would not be burdened by completing it. Patients’ demographic data were not identifiable, survey packets were returned anonymously via hospital mail by 157 hospitalized patients. Each survey item and several variables on the demographic sheet had space for comments. Quantitative analysis used SPSS 21, qualitative data were thematically analyzed. Findings: Statistically significant correlations were found with all survey items. Hospitalized people reported high comfort with spiritual assessment by nurses. Qualitative findings revealed that patients had differing views on if, when, and how nurses should ask spiritual questions of them. Conclusions: It is important to identify patients’ perspectives in order to provide patient-centered holistic care. Understanding patient views will enlighten nurses and may promote spiritual care and improve patient health outcomes.
Mean platelet volume in children with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: A Talat Mohamed , AN Allah Mayy , Khalifa Naglaa Ali , Sakr Maha Mahmoud Hamed , Mohammed Eman Morsy , K. Amin Ezzat 
Published: October 2020

Background Platelets are heterogeneous in size, density, metabolic, functional, and biochemical properties. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a measure of the average size of platelet in a blood sample. Aim We aimed to evaluate the mean platelet volume as a marker for disease activity in children with systemic lupus erythematosus. Materials and Methods This was a prospective case-control study, which included 50 patients with SLE and 50 age and sex, matched healthy controls. All subjects were subjected to history taking, physical examination and laboratory parameters in active and remission phases of the diseases. Results The MPV value in the SLE group was significantly higher than control group (9.6 ± 1.3 fL, 9.1 ± 0.57 fL, respectively, p = 0.04). There was a significant increase of weight, blood pressure, urea, creatinine, proteinuria, CRP, ESR, cholestrol, MPV values, SLEDAI-2K scores and significant decrease of HB, albumin, C3, mean platelet volume (MPC) in the active stage than in the remission stage. There was a significant negative correlation between MPV and MPC in active stage of the disease but the correlation was insignificant in remission stage. Conclusion MPV increased in active phase of patients with SLE and can be an easy, rapid, inexpensive and simple method to assess disease activity in children with SLE.
Safety and financial analysis of outpatient dose-adjusted EPOCH for B-cell lymphoma at a tertiary comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Li Wenhui , Richter Katherine A , Tobon Katherine A , McCarthy Kevin T , Kubal Timothy E 
Published: October 2020

Introduction Dose-adjusted (DA-) EPOCH (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin) is a front-line treatment option for aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Due to regimen complexity, inpatient administration of DA-EPOCH has been historically required. Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC) developed an Inpatient/Outpatient (IPOP) program to facilitate administration of complicated regimens in the outpatient setting. We hypothesized that outpatient administration of DA-EPOCH at a comprehensive cancer center is both safe and cost-effective. Methods We conducted a single-center, retrospective chart review including B-cell lymphoma patients who were 18 years or older and who had received DA-EPOCH at MCC from April 26, 2017 through August 10, 2019. The primary endpoint was hospital admissions during outpatient chemotherapy administration. Additional safety endpoints included hospitalizations between cycles, infectious complications, extravasations, drug spills, pump-malfunctions, and drug-related adverse events. Financial analysis included drug cost, resource utilization, and impact of hospital bed backfill. Results 56 patients received 219 cycles of DA-EPOCH with 193 cycles administered outpatient. Zero patients required hospitalization during outpatient administration of DA-EPOCH, resulting in 965 saved hospital days. 23 patients (41%) were hospitalized between cycles, most commonly due to neutropenic fever (52%). No extravasations were documented throughout the study period. There were few incidences of drug spills or pump malfunctions. Based on current regimen utilization, the annual transition of 84 cycles of DA-EPOCH to the outpatient setting has a positive impact on margin of $1,444,548. Conclusions Routine outpatient administration of DA-EPOCH is both safe and feasible with a positive annual impact on margin of $1,444,548 at a comprehensive cancer center.