bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions in multi-pattern Müllerian communities support origins of new patterns, false structures, imperfect resemblance and mimetic sexual dimorphism
Authors: Motyka Michal , Bocek Matej , Kusy Dominik , Bocak Ladislav 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMimicry is a hot spot of evolutionary research, but de novo origins of aposematic patterns, the persistence of multiple patterns in Müllerian communities, and the persistence of imperfect mimics still need to be investigated. Local mimetic assemblages can contain up to a hundred of species, their structure can be a result of multiple dispersal events, and the gradual build-up of the communities. Here, we investigate the structure of lowland and mountain mimetic communities of net-winged beetles by sampling the Crocker Range in north-eastern Borneo and neighbouring regions. The local endemics evolved from the Bornean lowland fauna which is highly endemic at the species level. We inferred that metriorrhynchine net-winged beetles evolved in high elevations yellow/black and reticulate aposematic high-contrast signals from a widespread low-contrast brown/black pattern. As the mountain range is ~ 6 million years old, and these patterns do not occur elsewhere, we assume their in situ origins. We demonstrate that a signal with increased internal contrast can evolve de novo in a mimetic community and can persist despite its low frequency. Additionally, a similar aposematic signal evolves from different structures and its similarity is imperfect. The community with multiple patterns sets conditions for the evolution of aposematic sexual dimorphism as demonstrated by the yellow/black male and reticulate female pattern of Micronychus pardus. These insights elucidate the complex character of the evolution of mimetic signalling in the dynamically diversifying biota of high tropical mountains.
Kinematic distinction of the two subpopulations of X-ray pulsars
Authors: Prišegen M. 
Published: July 2020

Context. The population of Be/X-ray binaries shows strong evidence of bimodality, especially in the spin period of neutron stars. Several physical mechanisms may produce this bimodality. The most favored candidate mechanisms are two distinct supernova channels or different accretion modes of the neutron stars in Be/X-ray binaries. Investigating the kinematics of these systems may provide some additional insight into the physics of this bimodality.
Aims. If the two Be/X-ray binary subpopulations arise from two distinct supernova types, then the two subpopulations should have different peculiar (systemic) velocities. This can be tested either directly, by measuring the velocity of the system, or indirectly, by measuring the position of the system with respect to its birthplace. A difference in the peculiar velocity magnitude between the subpopulations would favor the supernova hypothesis, and the lack of this difference would suggest that the accretion hypothesis is a more favorable option to explain the bimodality.
Methods. Using the most recent Gaia dataset and the newest catalogs of Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) star clusters, we analyzed the tangential peculiar velocities of Be/X-ray binaries in the Galaxy and the positions of Be/X-ray binaries in the SMC. We used the distance of the system from the nearest young star cluster as a proxy to the tangential velocity of the system. We applied statistical testing to investigate whether the two subpopulations that are divided by the spin of the neutron star are also kinematically distinct.
Results. There is evidence that the two subpopulations are indeed kinematically distinct. However, the tangential peculiar velocities of the two subpopulations are the reverse from what is expected from the distinct supernova channel hypothesis. We find some marginal evidence (p ≈ 0.005) that the Galactic Be/X-ray binaries from the short-spin subpopulation have systematically higher peculiar velocities than the systems from the long-spin subpopulation. The same effect, but weaker, is also recovered for the SMC Be/X-ray binaries for all considered cluster catalogs. The unexpected difference in the peculiar velocities between the two subpopulations of Be/X-ray binaries contradicts these two hypotheses, and an alternative physical explanation for this may be needed.
Nonlinear coupling of Alfvén and slow magnetoacoustic waves in partially ionized solar plasmas
Authors: Ballester J. L. , Soler R. , Terradas J. , Carbonell M. 
Published: July 2020

Context.Partially ionized plasmas constitute an essential ingredient of the solar atmosphere since layers such as the chromosphere and the photosphere and structures such as prominences and spicules are made of this plasma. On the other hand, ground- and space-based observations have indicated the presence of oscillations in partially ionized layers and structures of the solar atmosphere, which have been interpreted in terms of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves.Aims.Our aim is to study the temporal behavior of nonlinear Alfvén waves, and the subsequent excitation of field-aligned motions and perturbations, in a partially ionized plasma when dissipative mechanisms such as ambipolar diffusion, radiative losses, and thermal conduction are taken into account.Methods.First, we applied the regular perturbations method for small-amplitude initial perturbations to obtain the temporal behavior of perturbations. Then we solved the full set of nonlinear MHD equations for larger values of the initial amplitude.Results.We obtain analytical and numerical solutions to first-, second-, and third-order systems of equations and study the effects produced by ambipolar diffusion and thermal mechanisms on the temporal behavior of Alfvén and slow waves. We also study how the majority of the energy is transferred from the Alfvén waves to plasma internal energy. After numerically solving the full nonlinear equations when a large amplitude is assumed, the profile of the perturbations displays the typical sawtooth profile characteristic of associated shocks.Conclusions.When ambipolar diffusion is taken into account, first-order Alfvén waves are damped in time, while second-order perturbations are undamped. However, due to the release of heat produced by ambipolar diffusion, other physical effects that modify the physical conditions in the spatial domain under consideration appear. On the other hand, the second-order perturbations are damped by thermal effects with a damping time that can be longer or shorter than that of Afvén waves. Therefore, after the initial excitation, Alfvén waves can be quickly damped, while slow waves remain in the plasma for a longer time, and vice versa.
Deriving Chinese alternative questions
Authors: Huang Rui-heng Ray 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study proposes an approach which derives Chinese alternative questions by means of feature percolation and LF movement. This approach is argued to fare better than a movement approach as proposed byC.-T. Huang (1998)and a non-movement binding approach as proposed byR.-H. Huang (2010)in that it may successfully explain why Chinese alternative questions are only sensitive to the wh-island constraint, but not to other types of island constraints. The LF movement analysis may receive empirical support from the observed fact that Chinese alternative questions exhibit focus-intervention effects, generally assumed to be induced by LF movement.
Differences in the lexical variation of reporting verbs in French, English and Czech fiction and their impact on
translation
Authors: Nádvorníková Olga 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The aims of this paper are to analyse differences in the degree of lexical variation (type/token ratio and
hapax/token ratio) of reporting verbs in reporting clauses placed medially or in postposition in English, French and Czech fiction
and to evaluate their consequences in translation, especially in regard to explicitation/implicitation. We expect that, in
translations from a language with a low degree of lexical variation of reporting verbs into a language with a high degree of
lexical variation, the frequency and the degree of explicitation will be higher than in translations involving languages less
different with respect to lexical variation. The analysis, relying on data extracted from the InterCorp multilingual corpus,
proposes a classification of reporting verbs based on the type and amount of information conveyed, which allows evaluating the
degree of explicitation operated in translations. The results show that most shifts involve only the neutral reporting verb
say/dire, replaced by a stylistically more specific synonym or by a verb explicitating information obvious
from the context. This suggests that modifications of reporting verbs in translation are motivated primarily by respect for the
stylistic norm of the target language and the degree of acceptability of the repetition of the neutral reporting verb.
Can the maze task be even more amazing?
Authors: Gallant Jordan , Libben Gary 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The maze task (Forster, Guererra & Elliot, 2009; Forster, 2010) is designed to measure focal lexical and sentence processing effects in a highly controlled manner. We
discuss how this task can be modified and extended to provide a unique opportunity for the investigation of lexical effects in sentence
context. We present results that demonstrate how the maze task can be used to examine both facilitation and inhibition effects. Most
importantly, it can do this while leaving the target sentence unchanged across conditions. This is an advantage that is not available with
other paradigms. We also present new versions of the maze task that allow for the isolation of specific lexical effects and that enhance the
measurement of lexical recognition through visual animation. Finally, we discuss how the maze task brings to the foreground the extent to
which complex multi-layered priming and inhibition are intrinsic to sentence reading and how the maze task can tap this complexity.
Strategies for using metaphor in psychological treatment
Authors: Törneke Niklas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn most models of psychotherapy metaphor is considered an important aspect of communication. At the same time there is a need for a rationale to tell the clinician with what purpose and how to use metaphor for the benefit of the client. The present article suggests such principles, specifically based on a behavioral approach to human language, relational frame theory (RFT). This approach has co-developed with a specific model of psychotherapy: acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and the conclusions in this article are very much in line with that model. Overlap between RFT and a recent linguistic theory of metaphor, the dynamic approach, is also discussed.
A novel GSK3 inhibitor that promotes self-renewal in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroki , Nishimura Haruna , Kudo Norio , Osada Hiroyuki , Yoshida Minoru 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSmall molecules that regulate cell stemness have the potential to make a major contribution to regenerative medicine. In the course of screening for small molecules that affect stemness in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), we discovered that NPD13432, an aurone derivative, promoted self-renewal of mESCs. Normally, mESCs start to differentiate upon withdrawal of 2i/LIF. However, cells treated with the compound continued to express endogenous Nanog, a pluripotency marker protein essential for sustaining the undifferentiated state, even in the absence of 2i/LIF. Biochemical characterization revealed that NPD13432 inhibited GSK3α and GSK3β with IC50 values of 92 nM and 310 nM, respectively, suggesting that the compound promotes self-renewal in mESCs by inhibiting GSK3. The chemical structure of the compound is unique among known molecules with this activity, providing an opportunity to develop new inhibitors of GSK3, as well as chemical tools for investigating cell stemness.
Comment on ‘A note on Purcell’s basic explanation of magnetic forces’
Authors: Santos Aroaldo S , de Melo e Souza Reinaldo , Farina C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In his seminal book on electromagnetism, Purcell presented a conceptually rich discussion in which he used Lorentz contraction to relate the electromagnetic fields of a current-carrying wire when observed from different inertial frames. In a recent paper D’Abramo (2020 Eur. J. Phys. 41 025203) argued that Purcell’s approach has a very limited validity and when it is applied in examples slightly different from those considered by Purcell it can lead to violations of basic tenets of electromagnetism, such as charge invariance and the principle of relativity. In this comment we dispute this conclusion by demonstrating that Purcell’s approach for an arbitrarily shaped current loop is equivalent to performing a Lorentz transformation and is thus valid as long as we relate fields in inertial frames. In addition, we examine some of D’Abramo’s examples.
Angular emission distribution of O 1s photoelectrons of uniaxially oriented methanol
Authors: Kaiser L , Fehre K , Novikovskiy N M , Stindl J , Tsitsonis D , Gopakumar G , Unger I , Söderström J , Björneholm O , Schöffler M , Jahnke T , Dörner R , Trinter F , Demekhin Ph V 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The angular distribution of O 1s photoelectrons emitted from uniaxially oriented methanol is studied experimentally and theoretically. We employed circularly polarized photons of an energy of hν = 550 eV for our investigations. We measured the three-dimensional photoelectron angular distributions of methanol, with the CH3–OH axis oriented in the polarization plane, by means of cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy. The experimental results are interpreted by single active electron calculations performed with the single center method. A comparative theoretical study of the respective molecular-frame angular distributions of O 1s photoelectrons of CO, performed for the same photoelectron kinetic energy and for a set of different internuclear distances, allows for disentangling the role of internuclear distance and the hydrogen atoms of methanol as compared to carbon monoxide.
Review on biophysical modelling and simulation studies for transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Gomez-Tames Jose , Laakso Ilkka , Hirata Akimasa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique for noninvasively stimulating a brain area for therapeutic, rehabilitation treatments and neuroscience research. Despite our understanding of the physical principles and experimental developments pertaining to TMS, it is difficult to identify the exact brain target as the generated electric field exhibits a non-uniform distribution owing to the complicated and subject-dependent brain anatomy and the lack of biomarkers that can quantify the effects of TMS in most cortical areas. Computational dosimetry has progressed significantly and enables TMS assessment by computation of the induced electric field (the primary physical agent known to activate the brain neurons) in a digital representation of the human head. In this review, TMS dosimetry studies are summarised, clarifying the importance of the anatomical and human biophysical parameters and computational methods. This review shows that there is a high consensus on the importance of a detailed cortical folding representation and an accurate modelling of the surrounding cerebrospinal fluid. Recent studies have also enabled the prediction of individually optimised stimulation based on magnetic resonance imaging of the patient/subject and have attempted to understand the temporal effects of TMS at the cellular level by incorporating neural modelling. These efforts, together with the fast deployment of personalised TMS computations, will permit the adoption of TMS dosimetry as a standard procedure in medical applications.
Dose rate determination for preclinical total body irradiation
Authors: Zhong Yuncheng , Lai Youfang , Saha Debabrata , Story Michael D , Jia Xun , Stojadinovic Strahinja 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The accuracy of delivered radiation dose and the reproducibility of employed radiotherapy methods are key factors for preclinical radiobiology applications and research studies. In this work, ionization chamber (IC) measurements and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were used to accurately determine the dose rate for total body irradiation (TBI), a classic radiobiologic and immunologic experimental method. Several phantom configurations, including large solid water slab, small water box and rodentomorphic mouse and rat phantoms were simulated and measured for TBI setup utilizing a preclinical irradiator XRad320. The irradiator calibration and the phantom measurements were performed using an ADCL calibrated IC N31010 following the AAPM TG-61 protocol. The MC simulations were carried out using Geant4/GATE to compute absorbed dose distributions for all phantom configurations. All simulated and measured geometries had favorable agreement. On average, the relative dose rate difference was 2.3%. However, the study indicated large dose rate deviations, if calibration conditions are assumed for a given experimental setup as commonly done for a quick determination of irradiation times utilizing lookup tables and hand calculations. In a TBI setting, the reference calibration geometry at an extended source-to-surface distance and a large reference field size is likely to overestimate true photon scatter. Consequently, the measured and hand calculated dose rates, for TBI geometries in this study, had large discrepancies: 16% for a large solid water slab, 27% for a small water box, and 31%, 36%, and 30% for mouse phantom, rat phantom, and mouse phantom in a pie cage, respectively. Small changes in TBI experimental setup could result in large dose rate variations. MC simulations and the corresponding measurements specific to a designed experimental setup are vital for accurate preclinical dosimetry and reproducibility of radiobiological findings. This study supports the well-recognized need for physics consultation for all radiobiological investigations.
Creating big time crystals with ultracold atoms
Authors: Giergiel Krzysztof , Tran Tien , Zaheer Ali , Singh Arpana , Sidorov Andrei , Sacha Krzysztof , Hannaford Peter 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We investigate the size of discrete time crystals s (ratio of response period to driving period) that can be created for a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) bouncing resonantly on an oscillating mirror. We find that time crystals can be created with sizes in the range s ≈ 20–100 and that such big time crystals are easier to realize experimentally than a period-doubling (s=2) time crystal because they require either a larger drop height or a smaller number of bounces on the mirror. We also investigate the effects of having a realistic soft Gaussian potential mirror for the bouncing BEC, such as that produced by a repulsive light-sheet, which is found to make the experiment easier to implement than a hard-wall potential mirror. Finally, we discuss the choice of atomic system for creating time crystals based on a bouncing BEC and present an experimental protocol for realizing big time crystals. Such big time crystals provide a flexible platform for investigating a broad range of non-trivial condensed matter phenomena in the time domain.
Zero-bias anomaly and role of electronic correlations in a disordered metal film
Authors: Jeon Sangjun , Kim Sungmin , Kuk Young 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Localization and electron correlation play significant roles in understanding the electronic states of low-dimensional systems. We carried out the tunneling spectroscopy measurements on a crystalline nano-sized island and a disordered two-dimensional metal film. The low temperature zero-bias anomaly was studied using

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theory and statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of the local density of states in both the systems. The effective capacitance and resistance of the tunnel junction extracted from

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theory gives the energy and temperature dependency of the measured ZBA. Statistical analysis reveals the electron correlation effect and the electron correlation length. By combining

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theory and the statistical analysis, we found that the microscopic origin of ZBA formation in the disordered two-dimensional film is strongly related to the electron localization and the correlations.
An investigation on drought teleconnection with indian ocean dipole and el-nino southern oscillation for peninsular india using time dependent intrinsic correlation
Authors: Johny Kavya , Pai Maya L , Adarsh S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Drought is an obscure climatic state that has socioeconomic repercussions on power generation, agricultural production, forestry, tourism and construction. In this study, an Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) based Time Dependent Intrinsic Correlation (TDIC) analysis was conducted to assess the impacts of Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to drought events of Peninsular region in India. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at three different time scales (SPI-3, SPI-6 and SPI-12) are considered for analysis. The teleconnections IOD and ENSO on the three indices are evaluated independently using TDIC method and the detection and attribution was made from the obtained correlation plots. From the detailed analysis, short term drought (SPI-3) is found to have better correlation with both IOD and ENSO. It is also interpreted that high frequency modes of SPI-3 have more association to IOD while low frequency modes show more correlation to ENSO. Thereby, IOD experiences a lagged influence on ENSO relation to rainfall. The IMF3 and IMF7 of SPI-12 also show positive association that can be added to existing data for efficient prediction of drought events. Similarly, for ENSO IMF1, IMF6 and IMF7 of SPI-6 and IMF6 and IMF7 of SPI-12 can also be used for determining the drought accurately.
Statistical downscaling and projection of future temperature change for Tabriz city, Iran.
Authors: Baghanam A H , Nourani V , Sheikhbabaei A , Seifi A J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the 21st century, Climate change has become one of the prominent global challenges which threats the world, and the changes in climate extremes are estimated to have catastrophic consequences on human society and the natural environment. To overcome the spatial-temporal inadequacy of the GCMs, Linking large-scale General Circulation Model (GCM) data with small-scale local climatic data highly comes to the fore. In this paper, two statistical downscaling techniques encompass LARS-WG and SDSM were employed for assessing the fluctuations of temperature predictand in Tabriz city, Iran. In order to choose the well-response GCMs a Multi-GCM ensemble approach was utilized by EC-EARTH, HadCM2, MIROC5, MPI-ESM GCMs from the CMIP5. To study the impact of climate change over the region, the periods of 1961-1990 and 1991-2005 were used as the baseline and validation period, respectively. Results of evaluation criteria disclosed the superior performance of Multi-GCM ensemble for predicting temperature predictand compared to single GCM models. Furthermore, the result of climate projection for the temperature predictand by both models revealed that the city will experience an increasing trend in temperatures for the horizon of 2021-2080. The average temperature will increase by 2.9 and 3.7 (°C) under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) (i.e., RCP4.5 and 8.5), respectively.