bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive Prenatal Testing for Assessing Fetal Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy: A Retrospective Study of 45773 Cases
Authors: Xinran LU , Chaohong WANG , Yuxiu SUN , Junxiang TANG , Keting TONG , Jiansheng ZHU 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: To assess the positive predictive value (PPV) of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) as a screening test for sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) with different maternal characteristics and prenatal decision in positive cases. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 45773 singleton pregnancies with different characteristics that were subjected to NIPT in Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Province. The results were validated by karyotyping. Clinical data, diagnostic results, and pregnancy outcomes were collected.Results: A total of 314 cases were SCA positive by NIPT; among those, 143 underwent invasive prenatal diagnostic testing, and 58 resulted as true-positive. Overall, the PPV for 45,X, 47,XXX, 47,XXY and 47,XYY was 12.5%, 51.72%, 66.67% and 83.33%, respectively. Interestingly, when screening only pregnant women in advanced maternal age (AMA), the PPV for 45,X, 47,XXX, 47,XXY and 47,XYY was 23.81%, 53.33%, 78.95%, and 66.67%, respectively. AMA was a high-risk predictor of having a fetus with SCA. The frequencies of 47, XXX, and 47,XXY were significantly correlated with maternal age.Conclusion: NIPT performed better in predicting sex chromosome trisomies than monosomy X, and patients with 45,X positive fetus were more eager to terminate pregnancy compared to those with 47,XXX and 47, XYY. Our findings may assist in genetic counseling of AMA pregnant women. Our Pre- and post-test counseling are essential for familiarizing pregnant women with the benefits and limitations of the NIPT, which may ease their anxiety and provide them with the informed choice for further diagnosis and pregnancy decision.
Fatigue Analysis of Sub-frame Based on Load Spectrum Extrapolation
Authors: Dong Guojiang , Du Fei , Wei Liuwei , Han Jie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The extrapolation of the whole life load spectrum from the strengthened road load spectrum in the test site is the key factor for the accuracy of the fatigue durability evaluation of automobile components. In this paper, aiming at the limitation of parameter method extrapolation single distribution estimation, the non parametric extrapolation estimation is introduced to describe the comprehensive characteristics of the load spectrum distribution, and the two extrapolation methods are compared parametrically, and the optimal fitting extrapolation spectrum is selected to carry out the fatigue damage analysis of the sub-frame. Based on the real vehicle test in the proving ground strengthened road, the stress spectrum of the dangerous point of the sub-frame is extracted by co-simulation of multi-body dynamics and finite element method. The parametric method and non-parametric method are used to calculate the goodness of fit of stress spectrum, the optimal mean value and amplitude value probability density of stress spectrum are selected according to the goodness of fit, and the stress spectrum cycle was extrapolated to 106 times, and then the stress spectrum was divided into eight levels. According to Miner criterion, Haibach and NASA S-N curve correction models considering small load damage were respectively used to estimate fatigue damage of front sub-frame. The results show that the fitting effect of non-parametric extrapolation is better than that of parametric extrapolation, and the goodness of fit of equivalent amplitude is 98.6%, which improves the description accuracy of stress spectrum distribution characteristics and provides more accurate extrapolation spectrum for fatigue durability evaluation of components. Based on the extrapolated spectrum and using Haibach model and NASA model to study the fatigue damage of sub-frame, it is shown that NASA model is more suitable for reliability design of components, while Haibach model is suitable for lightweight design of components.
Successful treatment of COVID-19 with remdesivir in the absence of humoral immunity
Authors: Buckland Matthew S , Galloway James , Fhogartaig Caoimhe Nic , Meredith Luke , Provine Nicholas M. , Bloor Stuart , Ogbe Ane , Zelek Wioleta M. , Smielewska Anna , Yakovleva Anna , Mann Tiffeney , Bergamaschi Laura , Turner Lorinda , Mescia Frederica , Toonen Erik J.M. , Hackstein Carl-Philipp , Akther Hossain Delowar , Vieira Vinicius Adriano , Ceron-Gutierrez Lourdes , Periselneris Jimstan , Kiani-Alikhan Sorena , Grigoriadou Sofia , Vaghela Devan , Lear Sara E. , Torok Estee , Hamilton William L. , Quick Josh , Stockton Joanne , Nelson Peter , Hunter Michael , Coulter Tanya I , Devlin Lisa , Bradley John , Smith Ken , Ouwehand Willem , Estcourt Lise , Simmonds Heli Harvala , Roberts Dave , Wilkinson Ian , Screaton Nick , Loman Nick , Lyons Paul , Doffinger Rainer , Morgan Paul , Goodfellow Ian , Klenerman Paul , Lehner Paul , Matheson Nick , Thaventhiran James 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been hampered by lack of an effective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antiviral therapy. Here we report the successful use of remdesivir in a patient with COVID-19 and the prototypic genetic antibody deficiency X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA). Despite evidence of complement activation and a robust T cell response, the patient developed persistent SARS-CoV-2 pneumonitis, without progressing to multi-organ involvement. His unusual clinical course identifies a key role for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in both viral clearance and progression to severe disease. In the absence of these confounders, we took an experimental medicine approach to examine the in vivoutility of remdesivir. Over two independent courses of treatment, we observed a dramatic, temporally correlated clinical and virological response, leading to clinical resolution and viral clearance, with no evidence of acquired drug resistance. We therefore provide unambiguous evidence for the antiviral efficacy of remdesivir in vivo, and its potential benefit in selected patients.
In vivo Antimalarial Activity of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Kniphofia foliosa Hochst and Its Constituents
Authors: Alebachew Yonatan , Bisrat Daniel , Tadesse Solomon , Asres Kaleab 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Kniphofia foliosa Hochst is endemic to Ethiopian highlands, where its rhizomes are traditionally used for the treatment of malaria, abdominal cramps and wound healing. As a continuation of our search for antimalarial compounds from Ethiopian medicinal plants, we have tested the 80% methanol extract of K. foliosa rhizomes and its constituents against Plasmodium berghei in mice. Methods: Isolation was carried out using column and preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC). The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (ESI-MS, 1D and 2D-NMR). Peters’ 4-day suppressive test against P. berghei in mice was utilized for in vivo antimalarial evaluation of the test substances. Results: Three compounds, namely knipholone, dianellin, and 12-hydroxypentadec-9-en-1-yl methyl phthalate (HPMP) were isolated and characterized from the 80% methanolic extract of K. foliosa rhizomes. The hydroalcoholic extract (400 mg/kg) and knipholone (200 mg/kg) showed the highest activity with chemosuppression values of 61.52 and 60.16%, respectively. From the dose-response plot, the median effective (ED50) doses of knipholone and dianellin were determined to be 81.25 and 92.31 mg/kg, respectively. Molecular docking study revealed that knipholone had a strong binding affinity to Plasmodium falciparum l-lactate dehydrogenase (pfLDH) target. Conclusion: Results of the current study support the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of malaria.
Identifying Human Postural Dynamics and Control from Unperturbed Balance
Authors: Lee Jongwoo , Zhang Kuangen , Hogan Neville 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: Upright standing requires control of an inherently unstable multi-joint human body within a small base of support, despite biological motor and / or sensory noise which challenge balance. Without applying perturbations, system identification methods have been regarded as inadequate, because the relevant internal biological noise processes are not accessible to direct measurement. As a result, unperturbed balance studies have been limited to investigation of subjects' behavioral response patterns rather than possible underlying control strategies. Methods: In this paper, we present a mathemathically rigorous system identification method that is applicable to study the dynamics and control of unperturbed balance. The method is derived from autocorrelation matrices with non-zero time lags and identifies the system matrix of a discrete-time dynamic system in the presence of unknown noise processes, without requiring any information about the strength of the noise. Results: Unlike reasonable `least-squares' approaches, the performance of the new method is consistent across a range of different combinations of internal and measurement noise strengths, even when measurement noise is substantial. We present a numerical example of a model that simulates human upright balancing and show that its dynamics can be identified accurately. With a biomechanically reasonable choice of state and input variables, a state feedback controller can also be identified. Conclusions: Our numerical results indicate that the system identification method proposed in this paper is applicable to real-world experimental data. Using this method, the dynamics and control of human quiet standing can be studied in depth without concern for adaptation or possible reflex responses evoked by external perturbations, or any need for expensive high-precision measurement equipment. This may enable diagnosis and treatment of individual subjects with impaired balance, and the development of safe and effective assistive and / or rehabilitative technologies.
Developmental Exposure to DDT or DDE Alters Sympathetic Innervation of Brown Adipose in Adult Female Mice
Authors: vonderEmbse Annalise N , Elmore Sarah E , Jackson Kyle B , Habecker Beth A , Manz Katherine E , Pennell Kurt D , Lein Pamela J , Merrill Michele La 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Exposure to the bioaccumulative pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) has been associated with increased risk of insulin resistance and obesity in humans and experimental animals. These effects appear to be mediated by reduced brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, which is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system. Although the neurotoxicity of DDT is well-established, whether DDT alters sympathetic innervation of BAT is unknown. We hypothesized that perinatal exposure to DDT or DDE promotes thermogenic dysfunction by interfering with sympathetic regulation of BAT thermogenesis. Methods: Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were exposed by oral gavage to environmentally relevant concentrations of DDT (1.7 mg/kg) or DDE (1.31 mg/kg) from gestational day 11.5 to postnatal day 5, and longitudinal body temperature was recorded in male and female offspring. At 4 months of age, metabolic parameters were measured in female offspring via indirect calorimetry with or without the β3 adrenergic receptor agonist, CL 316,243. Immunohistochemical and neurochemical analyses of sympathetic neurons innervating BAT were evaluated.Results: We observed persistent thermogenic impairment in adult female, but not male, mice perinatally exposed to DDT or DDE. Perinatal DDT exposure significantly impaired metabolism in adult female mice, an effect rescued by treatment with CL 316,243 immediately prior to calorimetry experiments. Neither DDT nor DDE significantly altered BAT morphology or the concentrations of norepinephrine and its metabolite DHPG in the BAT of DDT-exposed mice. However, quantitative immunohistochemistry revealed a 20% decrease in sympathetic axons innervating BAT in adult female mice perinatally exposed to DDT, but not DDE, and 48% and 43% fewer synapses in stellate ganglia of mice exposed to either DDT or DDE, respectively, compared to control. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that perinatal DDT and DDE exposure impairs thermogenesis by interfering with patterns of connectivity in sympathetic circuits that regulate BAT.
Effect of Integrated Training on Balance and Ankle Position Sense in Ballet Dancers
Authors: Lin Chai-Wei , Chen Yi-An , You Yu-Lin , Wu Tzu-Chan , Lin Cheng-Feng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Ballet dancers are at high risk of ankle sprain. As a result, effective training programs are required for ballet dancers to minimize injury occurrence and improve their balance ability. Our purpose was to investigate the effects of a 6-week integrated training program on the ankle joint position sense and postural stability in ballet dancers.Methods: Twenty-nine female ballet dancers were recruited to the study. Sixteen of the dancers underwent a 6-week integrated training program consisting of plyometric, proprioception and core stability exercises. The remaining ballet dancers performed no additional training, but continued regular ballet practice as usual. For both groups, ankle joint position sensing tests were performed before and after training. Furthermore, for the training group, the postural stability was assessed by measuring the average speed of the center of pressure (COP) and the maximum ankle joint displacements while performing grand plie (deep squatting) and releve en demi-pointe (standing on balls of foot) movements.Results: After 6 weeks, both groups showed significantly smaller absolute ankle joint reposition errors in plantarflexion and eversion. Furthermore, the training group showed a significantly smaller ankle joint reposition error in dorsiflexion. The training group also showed a significantly slower average COP speed and smaller maximum COP displacement in the medial-lateral direction.Conclusions: The 6-week integrated training program improved the ankle joint position sense in dorsiflexion and the postural control in the medial-lateral direction while performing grand-plie and releve en demi-pointe movements. Thus, this integrated training program can be suggested for dancers in order to improve ankle position sense and postural stability during ballet movements.
Causes of Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty in Twenty Years: an Analysis of 1,353 Revisions&nbsp;
Authors: Gu Jianming , Feng Xiao , Shao Hongyi , Zhou Yixin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundWith the increase in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) cases, understanding its causes is essential for a surgeons' clinical decision-making. Studies have reported on revision THA epidemiology in developed countries; however, its epidemiology in China remains unclear. We reviewed revision THA causes in a tertiary center in China. MethodsWe retrospectively identified 1,353 revision THAs at our institution from January 1999 to December 2018 (20 years). The causes for revision THA were compared among patients who were grouped based on the time of revision surgery, age at revision, and number of revisions, using the Student's t-test. ResultsAseptic loosening (826 hips, 61.0%) and infection (151 hips, 11.2%) were the most common reasons for revision THA. Compared with the number of cases from January 1999 to December 2008, the number of cases from January 2009 to December 2018 increased 2.4-fold; the proportion of revisions due to aseptic loosening, periprosthetic fracture, instability, and osteolysis increased, and infection rate decreased. The infection rate was higher among patients aged over 60 years, whereas the incidence rate of aseptic loosening, periprosthetic fracture, and instability was higher among those aged 60 years or less. Infections (52.8%) were more common than aseptic loosening (37.4%) in second or subsequent revisions.ConclusionAseptic loosening and infection remain the most common causes of revision THAs at our center. Although the proportion of infections has decreased in the recent decade, a national database is necessary for a more comprehensive understanding of the causes of revision THAs in China. This work provides an understanding and comparison of the causes of revision THA in an orthopedic center among the Chinese population. This may reveal a potential change in revision THAs causes in the future, reminding surgeons to find a proper way to treat them.
Prevalence of GII.4 Sydney Norovirus Strains and Associated Factors of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children: Winter 2019-2020 in Guangzhou
Authors: Luo Mingyong , Duan Lei , Yang Xiaohan , Xie Jia , Zhan Wenli , Zhang Changbin , Liu Hong , Wei Mengru , Tang Yuan , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNorovirus, the leading cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide, is constantly mutating. Continuous monitoring of the evolution of epidemic genotypes and emergence of novel genotypes is therefore necessary. This study determined the prevalence and clinical characteristics of norovirus strains in AGE in Guangzhou, China in 2019-2020 winter.MethodsThis study included children aged 2-60 months diagnosed with AGE in Guangzhou Women and Children Hospital, from August 2019 to January 2020. Norovirus was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and clinical data were obtained. Genotyping and phylogenetic analyses were performed with partial gene sequence fragments located at the open reading frames 1-2 junctions.ResultsDuring the study period, 168 children (61.3% males) were confirmed as norovirus infectious AGE. The main symptoms were diarrhoea and vomiting; and 38 patients (22.6%) had seizures. Norovirus was mainly prevalent in October and November, and GII.P31/GII.4 Sydney was the major genotype circulating in Guangzhou. The phylogenetic tree showed that the Guangzhou strains had high homology with the strains circulating in 2017-2019 worldwide. ConclusionsGII.4 Sydney was the main prevalent norovirus genotype in Guangzhou from August 2019 to January 2020, which had more severe diarrhoea than those of other genotypes. These findings provide a valuable reference for the prevention, control, and treatment of norovirus in the future.
LINC00680 Modulates Docetaxel Resistance in Breast Cancer via miR-320b/CDKL5 Axis
Authors: LI JIA , KE JIN , Qin Cheng-lin , Zhu Xun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to explore regulatory mechanism of the long non-coding RNA LINC00680 underlying the breast cancer chemoresistance via miR-205/CDKL5 axis. MethodsBioinformatics methods were applied to screen lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs for construction of a competing endogenous RNA network. Dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to explore the relationship between LINC00680, miR-320b and CDKL5. CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay were utilized to evaluate the proliferation, migration and invasion in docetaxel-resistant cells.ResultsLINC00680 and CDKL5 protein levels were both up-regulated when induced by different concentration of docetaxel. LINC00680 knockdown decreased the expression level of drug resistance related genes (MDR1, MRP5, LRP1), proliferation, invasion of breast cancer cells. Bioinformatics prediction and dual-luciferase assay reveled that miR-320b both targeted the 3’-UTR of LINC00680 and CDKL5, suggesting that the modulation of LINC00680 on CDKL5 through sponging miR-320b. ConclusionsOverall, the results indicate the important role of LINC00680 in the docetaxel resistance through miR-320b/CDKL5 pathway, providing a novel therapy strategy for breast cancer drug resistance.
Improvement of Xylose Utilization and L-ornithine Production by Metabolic Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Gao Ge , Zhang Yan , Zhou Ying , Ye Bang-Ce 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: L-ornithine is a basic amino acid, which shows significant value in food and medicine industries. Xylose is the most important alternative carbon source of glucose in lignocellulosic hydrolysate. It is urgent to develop a high-efficiency cell factory for L-ornithine production with glucose and xylose.Results: In this study, the genes enconding xylose isomerase and xylulose kinase were introduced into Corynebacterium glutamicum S9114 to establish xylose metabolism pathway, and then xylose became a substitute carbon source of glucose. In addition, the optimization and overexpression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and pentose transporter had been conducted to promote the synthesis of L-ornithine for the first time. Furthermore, though optimizing the concentration ratio of glucose and xylose (7:3), adding biotin and thiamine hydrochloride, we arrived at the highest L-ornithine yield 41.5g/L in shaking flask fermentation so far.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the combination of metabolic engineering and the optimization of fermentation process can make great potential for L-ornithine production by lignocellulose hydrolysate.
Effects on the mental health after COVID-19 lockdown period: results from a population survey study in Lima, Peru
Authors: Krüger-Malpartida Hever , Pedraz-Petrozzi Bruno , Arevalo-Flores Martin , Salmavides-Cuba Frine , Anculle-Arauco Victor , Dancuart-Mendoza Mauricio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
1. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created a rapid global health crisis, involving different social changes, which brought negative effects in different aspects in the mental health of the population, like the COVID-19 lockdown. The majority of COVID-19 cases concentrate in the region of the Americas, being Peru one of the most affected countries in the region. For this reason, to investigate possible effects related to COVID-19 lockdown, the main objective of this work is to establish a statistical model that could explain through different components the COVID-19 related stress in a population after COVID-19 lockdown of Lima, Peru. In this sense, online questionnaires were carried out in 400 participants, where the values ​​of depressiveness, anxiousness and stress related to COVID-19 were evaluated. Other information related to the participant (e.g. gender, age, district, etc.) was collected through this electronic format. In order to explain the data, an ordinal logistic regression was carried out. From the information obtained, it was found that 35.50% of the participants showed mild stress and 9.30% showed severe stress due to COVID-19. The ordinal logistic regression model showed that the severity of stress due to COVID-19 is positive associated with the variables age, depressiveness and anxiousness, as well with the presence of a deceased relative due to COVID-19. On the other hand, the presence of a family member who was hospitalized for COVID-19 is negatively correlated to the stress produced by COVID-19. Therefore, the data shows that people with older age or who have lost relatives due to COVID-19 show higher levels of stress related to COVID-19. Additionally, participants with higher levels of anxiety and depression are more likely to produce higher levels of stress from COVID-19. These factors play an important role for the intervention of future studies that plan to intervene in the mental health of the population affected by the COVID-19 lockdown.