bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active surveillance of pathogens from ticks collected in New York State suburban parks and schoolyards
Authors: Yuan Qin , Llanos‐Soto Sebastian G. , Gangloff‐Kaufmann Jody L. , Lampman Joellen M. , Frye Matthew J. , Benedict Meghan C. , Tallmadge Rebecca L. , Mitchell Patrick K. , Anderson Renee R. , Cronk Brittany D. , Stanhope Bryce J. , Jarvis Ava R. , Lejeune Manigandan , Renshaw Randall W. , Laverack Melissa , Lamb Elizabeth M. , Goodman Laura B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSchoolyards and suburban parks are two environments where active tick surveillance may inform local management approaches. Even in a state such as New York with a robust active tick surveillance programme operated by the state Department of Health, these settings are not routinely covered. The goal of this study was to highlight the importance of active surveillance for tick‐borne pathogens by describing their prevalence in ticks collected from schoolyards and suburban parks and to guide the use of integrated pest management in these settings. Tick dragging was performed in three regions of New York State: Long Island, the Lower Hudson Valley and the Capital Region. A total of 19 schoolyards and 32 parks were sampled. The location, habitat and weather at the time of tick collection were recorded. Ticks were speciated and tested for the presence of 17 pathogens with a novel application of nanoscale real‐time PCR. The causative agents of Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, babesiosis and Powassan virus disease were all detected from Ixodes scapularis in various sites throughout the capital region and south‐eastern counties of New York state. The most common agent detected was Borrelia burgdorferi, and coinfection rates were as high as 36%. This surveillance study also captured the first of the invasive Asian longhorned tick species, Haemaphysalis longicornis, in New York state (collected 2 June 2017). Results from this study highlight the importance of collaborative efforts and data sharing for improvement of surveillance for tick‐borne disease agents.
Is bilateral corticospinal connectivity impaired in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Authors: Cabibel Vincent , Héraud Nelly , Perrey Stéphane , Oliver Nicolas , Alexandre François , Varray Alain 
Published: July 2020

Key points
During moderate and high levels of quadriceps force production, the ipsilateral motor cortex is concomitantly activated with the contralateral motor cortex throughout the corpus callosum to generate the motor command.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients display a structurally impaired corpus callosum that may explain the reduced motor command in this population, which in turn contributes to COPD‐related muscle weakness of the knee extensors.
The study aimed to determine whether bilateral connectivity was impaired and ipsilateral activation was lowered during unilateral strength production of the knee extensors.
Our results indicate impaired bilateral connectivity but preserved ipsilateral activation in patients during unilateral isometric contractions of 50% of maximum voluntary strength.
The preservation of ipsilateral activation during force production despite impaired bilateral connectivity is consistent with a reorganization of bilateral motor network function that drives unilateral strength production.
AbstractThe contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) is not the only brain area implicated in motor command generation. During moderate and high levels of quadriceps force production, the ipsilateral M1 is concomitantly activated. Such activation is mediated by the corpus callosum, the main component of bilateral connectivity. Structural damage to the corpus callosum has been observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, which might reduce ipsilateral activation and contribute to the lower motor command associated with COPD muscle weakness. We thus aimed to determine whether bilateral connectivity and ipsilateral activation were impaired in COPD. Twenty‐two COPD patients and 21 healthy age‐matched controls were evaluated by transcranial magnetic stimulation, at rest and during 50% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the dominant vastus lateralis muscle. Bilateral connectivity was determined by the ipsilateral silent period (iSP) during 50% MVIC. Ipsilateral activation was determined as the increase in ipsilateral excitability from rest to 50% MVIC. As expected, COPD patients had significantly lower MVIC (−25%, p = 0.03). These patients also showed a significantly lower iSP (−53%, p < 0.001) compared to controls. The ipsilateral excitability was increased in patients and controls (×2.5 and ×3.5, respectively, p < 0.001) but not differently between groups (p = 0.84). Despite impaired bilateral connectivity in COPD, ipsilateral activation was not increased. Reorganization in the patients’ interhemispheric pathways could explain the preserved ipsilateral activation.
Adaptation to a low carbohydrate high fat diet is rapid but impairs endurance exercise metabolism and performance despite enhanced glycogen availability
Authors: Burke Louise M. , Whitfield Jamie , Heikura Ida A. , Ross Megan L. R. , Tee Nicolin , Forbes Sara F. , Hall Rebecca , McKay Alannah K. A. , Wallett Alice M. , Sharma Avish P. 
Published: July 2020

Key points
Brief (5–6 days) adaptation to a low carbohydrate high fat diet in elite athletes increased exercise fat oxidation to rates previously observed with medium (3–4 weeks) or chronic (>12 months) adherence to this diet, with metabolic changes being washed out in a similar time frame.
Increased fat utilisation during exercise was associated with a 5–8% increase in oxygen cost at speeds related to Olympic Programme races.
Acute restoration of endogenous carbohydrate (CHO) availability (24 h high CHO diet, pre‐race CHO) only partially restored substrate utilisation during a race warm‐up. Fat oxidation continued to be elevated above baseline values although it was lower than achieved by 5–6 days’ keto adaptation; CHO oxidation only reached 61% and 78% of values previously seen at exercise intensities related to race events.
Acute restoration of CHO availability failed to overturn the impairment of high‐intensity endurance performance previously associated with low carbohydrate high fat adaptation, potentially due to the blunted capacity for CHO oxidation.
AbstractWe investigated substrate utilisation during exercise after brief (5–6 days) adaptation to a ketogenic low‐carbohydrate (CHO), high‐fat (LCHF) diet and similar washout period. Thirteen world‐class male race walkers completed economy testing, 25 km training and a 10,000 m race (Baseline), with high CHO availability (HCHO), repeating this (Adaptation) after 5–6 days’ LCHF (n = 7; CHO: <50 g day−1, protein: 2.2 g kg−1 day−1; 80% fat) or HCHO (n = 6; CHO: 9.7 g kg−1 day−1; protein: 2.2 g kg−1 day−1) diet. An Adaptation race was undertaken after 24 h HCHO and pre‐race CHO (2 g kg−1) diet, identical to the Baseline race. Substantial (>200%) increases in exercise fat oxidation occurred in the LCHF Adaptation economy and 25 km tests, reaching mean rates of ∼1.43 g min−1. However, relative (ml min−1 kg−1) was higher (P < 0.0001), by ∼8% and 5% at speeds related to 50 km and 20 km events. During Adaptation race warm‐up in the LCHF group, rates of fat and CHO oxidation at these speeds were decreased and increased, respectively (P < 0.001), compared with the previous day, but were not restored to Baseline values. Performance changes differed between groups (P = 0.009), with all HCHO athletes improving in the Adaptation race (5.7 (5.6)%), while 6/7 LCHF athletes were slower (2.2 (3.4)%). Substrate utilisation returned to Baseline values after 5–6 days of HCHO diet. In summary, robust changes in exercise substrate use occurred in 5–6 days of extreme changes in CHO intake. However, adaptation to a LCHF diet plus acute restoration of endogenous CHO availability failed to restore high‐intensity endurance performance, with CHO oxidation rates remaining blunted.
Multilevel Validation of a Male Neck Finite Element Model With Active Musculature
Authors: Barker Jeffrey B. , Cronin Duane S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Computational models of the human neck have been developed to assess human response in impact scenarios; however, the assessment and validation of such models is often limited to a small number of experimental data sets despite being used to evaluate the efficacy of safety systems and potential for injury risk in motor vehicle collisions. In this study, a full neck model (NM) with active musculature was developed from previously validated motion segment models of the cervical spine. Tissue mechanical properties were implemented from experimental studies, and were not calibrated. The neck model was assessed with experimental studies at three levels of increasing complexity: ligamentous cervical spine in axial rotation, axial tension, frontal impact, and rear impact; postmortem human subject (PMHS) rear sled impact; and human volunteer frontal and lateral sled tests using an open-loop muscle control strategy. The neck model demonstrated good correlation with the experiments ranging from quasi-static to dynamic, assessed using kinematics, kinetics, and tissue-level response. The contributions of soft tissues, neck curvature, and muscle activation were associated with higher stiffness neck response, particularly for low severity frontal impact. Experiments presenting single-value data limited assessment of the model, while complete load history data and cross-correlation enabled improved evaluation of the model over the full loading history. Tissue-level metrics demonstrated higher variability and therefore lower correlation relative to gross kinematics, and also demonstrated a dependence on the local tissue geometry. Thus, it is critical to assess models at the gross kinematic and the tissue levels.
Model-Order Reduction of Flexible Multibody Dynamics Via Free-Interface Component Mode Synthesis Method
Authors: Tian Qinglong , Lan Peng , Yu Zuqing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A new method of model-order reduction for the flexible multibody system which undergoes large deformation and rotation is proposed. At first, the flexible multibody system is modeled by absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF), and then, the whole motion process of the system is divided into a series of quasi-static equilibrium configurations according to a given criterion. Afterward, motion equation is locally linearized based on the Taylor expansion. Therefore, the constant tangent stiffness matrix is obtained and does not need to be updated until the next configuration. Based on the locally linearized motion equation, the free-interface component mode synthesis (CMS) method is adopted to reduce the degrees-of-freedom (DOF) of the flexible multibody system molded by ANCF. The generalized-α integrator is used to solve the reduced motion equation. To verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method, three examples including a free-falling pendulum, a flexible spinning beam and a deployable sail arrays are presented. Results show that the proposed method is able to reduce the computing time and maintain high accuracy.
Technical Basis Part 2 for Code Case N-889: Reference Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Rate Curves for Irradiated Austenitic Stainless Steels in Light Water Reactor Environments
Authors: Eason Ernest D. , Pathania Raj , Jenssen Anders , Weakland Dennis P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A multiyear international data collection, data review, modeling, and implementation project was recently completed, producing stress corrosion crack growth rate (CGR) reference curves for irradiated austenitic stainless steels in light water reactor (LWR) environments that were adopted as ASME B&PV Section XI Code Case N-889. As described in a technical basis Part 1 paper, over 800 CGR data points were collected from six laboratories worldwide, an international expert panel reviewed and ranked the data, and the better-ranked data were used to calibrate empirical models for irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) CGR in boiling water reactor (BWR) normal water chemistry (NWC), BWR hydrogen water chemistry (HWC) and pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary water environments. Part 1 also describes the custom fitting process, quality of fit, and comparisons with related literature and data not used for fitting. This technical basis Part 2 paper describes shifting the mean models to the 75th percentile of the calibration data, simplifying to produce the N-889 curves, and comparing with previous reference curves and over 500 data points not used for developing the N-889 curves, including weld, cast, and heat-affected-zone (HAZ) materials, additional wrought laboratory data, and field data from repeated inspection of BWR core shrouds. Part 2 also describes the irradiated yield stress model in Case N-889, compares that model with its calibration data and other data not used for calibration, and presents example calculations using both yield stress and CGR equations.
Technical Basis Part 1 for Code Case N-889: Data Selection and Modeling of Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Rates for Irradiated Austenitic Stainless Steels in Light Water Reactor Environments
Authors: Eason Ernest D. , Pathania Raj , Jenssen Anders 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A multiyear international data collection, data review, modeling, and implementation project was recently completed, producing stress corrosion crack growth rate (CGR) models and reference curves for irradiated austenitic stainless steels in light water reactor (LWR) environments. The curves have been approved as ASME B&PV Section XI Code Case N-889, and this paper is the technical basis Part 1 for Case N-889, summarizing collection, review, and selection of calibration data, modeling, and analysis of fit. Over 800 CGR data points were collected from six laboratories worldwide, an international expert panel reviewed and ranked the data, and the better-ranked data were used to calibrate empirical models for irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) CGR in boiling water reactor (BWR) normal water chemistry (NWC), BWR hydrogen water chemistry (HWC), and pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary water environments. This Part 1 paper also discusses related literature and compares with other data not used for mean model calibration. A technical basis Part 2 paper describes shifting the mean models to the 75th percentile, simplifying to produce Case N-889 reference curves, and comparing with previous reference curves and over 500 data points not used for reference curve development, including weld, cast, and heat affected zone (HAZ) materials, additional wrought laboratory data, and field data from repeated inspection of BWR core shrouds. Part 2 also describes the irradiated yield stress model in Case N-889, compares that model with its calibration data and other data not used for calibration, and presents example calculations.
Fault-Tolerance Techniques and Global Positioning Systems Based on Artificial Intelligence for the Analysis of Corrosion Impact on the Pipelines of Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Cid-Galiot Jonathan J. , Aguilar-Lasserre Alberto A. , Rodriguez-Jarquín José P. , Villanueva-Vasquez Daniel , Posada-Gómez Rubén , Juárez-Martínez Ulises 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The pipeline transport system (PTS) is a means of land and marine transport, reliable in the oil sector as well as in various industries, considering its economy and speed to transport a product. The instability of this system, though, currently takes several variables, which directly affect the mechanical integrity (MI) of the same, due to the imminent internal and external formation of the phenomenon classified as corrosion (C). To address this problem, fault tolerance control techniques (FTCS), global positioning systems (GPS), and artificial intelligence (AI), are useful tools to deal with uncertainty and minimize subjectivity, through system modeling. That will allow the identification, control, and timely monitoring of risk factors. During the last 30 years, important contributions on corrosion to pipelines in the oil and gas industry have been published. This document aims to build a systematic literary review (SLR), from an integrative perspective, recognizing various studies in the periods 1987–2018, analyzing 245 documents, from three posts previously not addressed together within the context of corrosion to PTS, offering an apology if any document relevant to the subject was excluded from the work. Findings about the topics of analysis, discussions, and future lines of research are described.
Middle Mississippian (late Osagean; early Viséan) Floyds Knob glauconite interval, Borden and Fort Payne Formations, Appalachian and Illinois Basins, Kentucky, USA: Synergistic influence of tectonics, paleoclimate, and paleogeography
Authors: Udgata* Devi B.P. , Ettensohn Frank R. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
During latest Devonian to Middle Mississippian parts of the Neoacadian and Ouachita orogenies, the Appalachian Basin and parts of the Illinois Basin were filled with clastic debris derived from the westward-prograding Borden-Grainger-Price-Pocono clastic wedge. This delta complex is overlain by the widespread shallow-water Newman–Greenbrier–Slade–St. Louis–Warsaw–Salem–Harrodsburg carbonate interval across sediment-starved surfaces, comprising the Floyds Knob bed or interval. The Middle Mississippian (late Osagean; early Viséan) Floyds Knob interval is less than a meter to several meters thick and is composed of multiple zones of pelletal glauconite, finely divided glauconitic shales, glauconitic carbonates, and locally derived carbonate mud mounds. The interval occurs across most of the Borden-Grainger delta platform, delta front, prodelta, and within the starved-basin area seaward of the delta complex, which was then filled with the Fort Payne Formation. This study reports herein the first occurrence of the Floyds Knob interval within the Fort Payne Formation. Glauconite deposition in this interval apparently occurred in mildly oxic to dysoxic, sediment-starved, shallow-marine settings and is believed to represent termination of major clastic influx in more proximal parts of the Neoacadian foreland basin during lowstand conditions. Moreover, these starved-basin conditions can be correlated with delta diversion following bulge migration during flexural loading–type relaxation. During these sediment-starved, lowstand conditions, glauconite was deposited across deltaic and basinal settings in central and distal parts of the Neoacadian foreland basin, as well as in eastern parts of the present-day Illinois intracratonic basin. The cessation of deltaic clastic sedimentation permitted development of carbonate mud mounds and associated glauconitic shales on and near reactivated structures in central parts of the Fort Payne starved basin and set the stage for the widespread deposition of thick, Meramecian–Chesterian carbonates throughout the basins during succeeding subtropical and lowstand conditions. Whether less-than-a-meter or tens-of-meters thick, the Floyds Knob interval is a widespread Middle Mississippian chronostratigraphic interval in the east-central United States that reflects a change in tectonic regime, which is recorded in the shift from predominantly clastic to carbonate sedimentation across a broad region. Aside from its correlative value, the unit demonstrates consequent sedimentary responses to the interplay among tectonism, paleoclimate, and paleogeography.
Association of anterior segment parameters and 5-year incident narrow angles: findings from an older Chinese population
Authors: Jiang Yu , Wang Wei , Wang Lanhua , He Mingguang 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo assess the association of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) parameters and 5-year incident narrow angle in China.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of people aged 50 and older residing in Liwan District, Guangzhou, China. Random clustering sampling was used to identify adults aged 50 years and older in Liwan District, Guangzhou. In 2008 and 2013, this study was repeated and added AS-OCT imaging under dark and light conditions. Customised software (ZAAP) was used to analyse horizontal AS-OCT scans. Angle opening distance (AOD), trabecular iris space area (TISA), anterior chamber volume (ACV) and maximal iris thickness (ITM) were measured. Multiple logistic regression analysis models were used to investigate the associations of the final angle status with baseline AS-OCT parameters. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated.ResultsOf the 220 subjects with eligible AS-OCT images and gonioscopic results in 2008, the response rate was 77.3%. A total of 27 (15.9%) subjects developed narrow angles and 143 (84.1%) had open angles on gonioscopy in 2013. Subjects developed narrow angles had greater spherical equivalent and shallower anterior chamber depth, smaller angle parameters, thicker IT750 and ITM, smaller anterior chamber parameters, greater lens vault, and smaller dynamic parameters (ΔITM, ΔACA, ΔACV) at baseline. After adjusting confounders, the predictors of incident narrow angles included smaller AOD750, TISA750, ΔACA and greater ITM, ΔIarea.ConclusionsIncident narrow angles were associated with smaller anterior ocular dimensions, thicker iris and smaller light-to-dark changes at baseline. These findings can help in early diagnosis in this population.
Subclinical dysthyroid optic neuropathy: tritan deficiency as an early sign of dysthyroid optic neuropathy
Authors: Garip-Kuebler Aylin , Halfter Kathrin , Reznicek Lukas , Klingenstein Annemarie , Priglinger Siegfried , Hintschich Christoph R 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe aim of this research was to investigate the subclinical findings of dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) and to look for early indicators for optic nerve compression in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy.Patients and MethodsIn this observational, retrospective study, the medical charts of 24 patients (32 eyes) with a diagnosis of DON between 2008 and 2019 were included. Our goal was to identify potential pathological signs in patients with DON prior to the definitive diagnosis of DON.ResultsWe discovered that the earliest pathological sign in the subclinical cases was tritan deficiency obtained with a standardised colour vision test by Arden. In all cases but one, regardless of the visual field (VF) defects, the tritan values were pathological (based on a threshold of ≥8%) in the subclinical phase. The mean tritan value was 19.12% (range 6.9–80.8%) at the time of the subclinical phase and 32.16% (range 6.3–100.0%) at the time of the diagnosis of DON. The sensitivity of the colour vision test was 20% for protan and 96.67% for tritan in the subclinical phase. At the time of the definitive diagnosis of DON, the sensitivity of protan was 48.15% compared to 96.30% for tritan.ConclusionWe found that changes in vision affecting the blue-yellow (tritan) colours resulting from the compression of optic nerve, even in affected patients with normal VF tests, are a reliable early sign of DON.