bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análise dos Resultados da Implantação da Estratégia Low Cost Low Fare no Mercado Fitness na Percepção dos Clientes e Professores: A Experiência da Academia Smart Fit
Authors: Filardi Fernando , Ferreira Rafael Fernandes , Irigaray Helio Arthur 
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: Analisar os resultados da implantação da estratégia Low Cost Low Fare no Mercado Fitness através da percepção dos clientes e professores das academias Smart Fit.Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa de natureza descritivo-exploratória através de entrevistas com 40 clientes e 31 professores das academias Smart Fit em 12 filiais do Rio de Janeiro e os dados coletados foram classificados em categorias definidas com base na revisão da literatura e analisados através da análise de conteúdo.Originalidade/Relevância: A lacuna teórica apresentada reside na identificação de poucos estudos na revisão da literatura sobre a utilização do modelo Low Cost Low Fare no setor de fitness, justificando a relevância da pesquisa que visa aprofundar o conhecimento deste fenômeno contemporâneo.Principais resultados: Os resultados mostram que, para os professores, remuneração, benefícios e plano de carreira são percebidos positivamente, enquanto reconhecimento, carga de trabalho, responsabilidade e treinamento a Smart Fit precisa melhorar. Para os clientes, a experiência, atendimento, equipamentos, preço, forma de pagamento e comodidade foram os itens positivos, já a falta de diversificação e o baixo suporte dos professores são pontos fracos do modelo Low Cost da Smart Fit, reforçando tendência de um trade off do cliente com relação à escolha do custo-benefício mais adequado no consumo de serviços.Contribuições teóricas: Melhor entender o comportamento do consumidor, dos funcionários e analisando as implicações da adoção da estratégia Low Cost pela empresa.Contribuições gerenciais: Apresentação de pontos de atenção pela visão dos professores e dos clientes, consolidando um conjunto de recomendações para gestores de academias.
Genetic characteristics of non-familial epilepsy
Authors: Kang Kyung Wook , Kim Wonkuk , Cho Yong Won , Lee Sang Kun , Jung Ki-Young , Shin Wonchul , Kim Dong Wook , Kim Won-Joo , Lee Hyang Woon , Kim Woojun , Kim Keuntae , Lee So-Hyun , Choi Seok-Yong , Kim Myeong-Kyu 
Published: December 2019

Background
Knowledge of the genetic etiology of epilepsy can provide essential prognostic information and influence decisions regarding treatment and management, leading us into the era of precision medicine. However, the genetic basis underlying epileptogenesis or epilepsy pharmacoresistance is not well-understood, particularly in non-familial epilepsies with heterogeneous phenotypes that last until or start in adulthood.

Methods
We sought to determine the contribution of known epilepsy-associated genes (EAGs) to the causation of non-familial epilepsies with heterogeneous phenotypes and to the genetic basis underlying epilepsy pharmacoresistance. We performed a multi-center study for whole exome sequencing-based screening of 178 selected EAGs in 243 non-familial adult patients with primarily focal epilepsy (122 drug-resistant and 121 drug-responsive epilepsies). The pathogenicity of each variant was assessed through a customized stringent filtering process and classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.

Results
Possible causal genetic variants of epilepsy were uncovered in 13.2% of non-familial patients with primarily focal epilepsy. The diagnostic yield according to the seizure onset age was 25% (2/8) in the neonatal and infantile period, 11.1% (14/126) in childhood and 14.7% (16/109) in adulthood. The higher diagnostic yields were from ion channel-related genes and mTOR pathway-related genes, which does not significantly differ from the results of previous studies on familial or early-onset epilepsies. These potentially pathogenic variants, which were identified in genes that have been mainly associated with early-onset epilepsies with severe phenotypes, were also linked to epilepsies that start in or last until adulthood in this study. This finding suggested the presence of one or more disease-modifying factors that regulate the onset time or severity of epileptogenesis. The target hypothesis of epilepsy pharmacoresistance was not verified in our study. Instead, neurodevelopment-associated epilepsy genes, such as TSC2 or RELN, or structural brain lesions were more strongly associated with epilepsy pharmacoresistance.

Conclusions
We revealed a fraction of possible causal genetic variants of non-familial epilepsies in which genetic testing is usually overlooked. In this study, we highlight the importance of earlier identification of the genetic etiology of non-familial epilepsies, which leads us to the best treatment options in terms of precision medicine and to future neurobiological research for novel drug development. This should be considered a justification for physicians determining the hidden genetics of non-familial epilepsies that last until or start in adulthood.
Case Series: Management of Foot Drop
Authors: Amole Isaac Olusayo , Adesina Stephen Adesope , Durodola Adewumi Ojeniyi , Eyesan Samuel Uwale 
Published: December 2019

Aim: To highlight the functional outcome of surgical management of foot drop in patients with Hansen disease.
Case Presentation: We present three cases of foot drop following Hansen’s disease that were managed surgically by Tibialis posterior transfer. The patients had preoperative physiotherapy for ten days and postoperative physiotherapy for four weeks. Their post-operative periods were uneventful and the corrections were satisfactory.
Discussion: Involvement of common peroneal nerve in Hansen’s disease usually results in paralysis of the anterior tibial and/or peroneal muscles. Hansen’s disease patients with foot-drop walk with a ‘high-stepping gait’, lifting the leg high as if climbing steps even while walking on level ground. When the paralysis has been present for more than six months to one year without recovery, the best option of treatment at this stage is corrective surgery and the main aim of the corrective surgery is to restore active dorsiflexion of the foot so that the gait becomes normal. This is achieved by re-routing the tendon of Tibialis posterior muscle, brings that tendon to lie in front of the ankle and is anchored distally. If the tendo-achillis tendon is found to be tight, it should be lengthened as the first step of the Tibialis posterior transfer operation.
Conclusion: Surgical correction of foot drop usually leads to restoration of active dorsiflexion of the foot thereby preventing development of secondary deformities and ulceration. Our patients were able to dorsiflex their feet after the surgical correction.
The Chemistry of Organoboron Species: Classification and Basic Properties
Authors: Williams Cory , Luis Mario , Lopez Ivan , Coca Adiel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Organoboron chemistry began more than 150 years ago when the synthesis and reactivity of triethylborane was described. Organoboron chemistry research has rapidly increased within the past few decades due to the increased usage of organoboron compounds in organic synthesis and biomedical applications. This chapter gives an overview of the general physical and chemical characteristics of select organoboron compounds. Only compounds incorporating a boron–carbon bond are discussed in detail.
MOSFET dosimeter characterization in MR‐guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) Linac
Authors: Yadav Poonam , Hallil Abdelbasset , Tewatia Dinesh , Dunkerley David A. P. , Paliwal Bhudatt 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeWith the increasing use of MR‐guided radiation therapy (MRgRT), it becomes important to understand and explore accuracy of medical dosimeters in the presence of magnetic field. The purpose of this work is to characterize metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOSFETs) in MRgRT systems at 0.345 T magnetic field strength.MethodsA MOSFET dosimetry system, developed by Best Medical Canada for in‐vivo patient dosimetry, was used to study various commissioning tests performed on a MRgRT system, MRIdian® Linac. We characterized the MOSFET dosimeter with different cable lengths by determining its calibration factor, monitor unit linearity, angular dependence, field size dependence, percentage depth dose (PDD) variation, output factor change, and intensity modulated radiation therapy quality assurance (IMRT QA) verification for several plans. MOSFET results were analyzed and compared with commissioning data and Monte Carlo calculations.ResultsMOSFET measurements were not found to be affected by the presence of 0.345 T magnetic field. Calibration factors were similar for different cable length dosimeters either placed at the parallel or perpendicular direction to the magnetic field, with variations of less than 2%. The detector showed good linearity (R2 = 0.999) for 100–600 MUs range. Output factor measurements were consistent with ionization chamber data within 2.2%. MOSFET PDD measurements were found to be within 1% for 1–15 cm depth range in comparison to ionization chamber. MOSFET normalized angular response matched thermoluminescent detector (TLD) response within 5.5%. The IMRT QA verification data for the MRgRT linac showed that the percentage difference between ionization chamber and MOSFET was 0.91%, 2.05%, and 2.63%, respectively for liver, spine, and mediastinum.ConclusionMOSFET dosimeters are not affected by the 0.345 T magnetic field in MRgRT system. They showed physics parameters and performance comparable to TLD and ionization chamber; thus, they constitute an alternative to TLD for real‐time in‐vivo dosimetry in MRgRT procedures.
Modulating Macrophage Phenotype by Sustained MicroRNA Delivery Improves Host‐Implant Integration
Authors: Lin Junquan , Mohamed Ibrahim , Lin Po Hen , Shirahama Hitomi , Milbreta Ulla , Sieow Je Lin , Peng Yanfen , Bugiani Marianna , Wong Siew Cheng , Levinson Howard , Chew Sing Yian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBiomedical implant failure due to the host's response remains a challenging problem. In particular, the formation of the fibrous capsule is a common barrier for the normal function of implants. Currently, there is mounting evidence indicating that the polarization state of macrophages plays an important role in effecting the foreign body reaction (FBR). This opens up a potential avenue for improving host‐implant integration. Here, electrospun poly(caprolactone‐co‐ethyl ethylene phosphate) nanofiber scaffolds are utilized to deliver microRNAs (miRs) to induce macrophage polarization and modulate FBR. Specifically, C57BL/6 mice that are treated with M2‐inducing miRs, Let‐7c and miR‐124, display relatively thinner fibrous capsule formation around the scaffolds at both Week 2 and 4, as compared to treatment with M1‐inducing miR, Anti‐Let‐7c. Histological analysis shows that the density of blood vessels in the scaffolds are the highest in miR‐124 treatment group, followed by Anti‐Let‐7c and Let‐7c treatment groups. Based on immunohistochemical quantifications, these miR‐encapsulated nanofiber scaffolds are useful for localized and sustained delivery of functional miRs and are able to modulate macrophage polarization during the first 2 weeks of implantation to result in significant alteration in host‐implant integration at longer time points.
Antioxidants and Nanotechnology: Promises and Limits of Potentially Disruptive Approaches in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases
Authors: Martinelli Chiara , Pucci Carlotta , Battaglini Matteo , Marino Attilio , Ciofani Gianni 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMany central nervous system (CNS) diseases are still incurable and only symptomatic treatments are available. Oxidative stress is suggested to be a common hallmark, being able to cause and exacerbate the neuronal cell dysfunctions at the basis of these pathologies, such as mitochondrial impairments, accumulation of misfolded proteins, cell membrane damages, and apoptosis induction. Several antioxidant compounds are tested as potential countermeasures for CNS disorders, but their efficacy is often hindered by the loss of antioxidant properties due to enzymatic degradation, low bioavailability, poor water solubility, and insufficient blood–brain barrier crossing efficiency. To overcome the limitations of antioxidant molecules, exploitation of nanostructures, either for their delivery or with inherent antioxidant properties, is proposed. In this review, after a brief discussion concerning the role of the blood–brain barrier in the CNS and the involvement of oxidative stress in some neurodegenerative diseases, the most interesting research concerning the use of nano‐antioxidants is introduced and discussed, focusing on the synthesis procedures, functionalization strategies, in vitro and in vivo tests, and on recent clinical trials.
Turner syndrome in diverse populations
Authors: Kruszka Paul , Addissie Yonit A. , Tekendo‐Ngongang Cedrik , Jones Kelly L. , Savage Sarah K. , Gupta Neerja , Sirisena Nirmala D. , Dissanayake Vajira H. W. , Paththinige C. Sampath , Aravena Teresa , Nampoothiri Sheela , Yesodharan Dhanya , Girisha Katta M. , Patil Siddaramappa Jagdish , Jamuar Saumya Shekhar , Goh Jasmine Chew‐Yin , Utari Agustini , Sihombing Nydia , Mishra Rupesh , Chitrakar Neer Shoba , Iriele Brenda C. , Lulseged Ezana , Megarbane Andre , Uwineza Annette , Oyenusi Elizabeth Eberechi , Olopade Oluwarotimi Bolaji , Fasanmade Olufemi Adetola , Duenas‐Roque Milagros M. , Thong Meow‐Keong , Tung Joanna Y. L. , Mok Gary T. K. , Fleischer Nicole , Rwegerera Godfrey M. , de Herreros María Beatriz , Watts Johnathan , Fieggen Karen , Huckstadt Victoria , Moresco Angélica , Obregon María Gabriela , Hussen Dalia Farouk , Ashaat Neveen A. , Ashaat Engy A. , Chung Brian H. Y. , Badoe Eben , Faradz Sultana M. H. , El Ruby Mona O. , Shotelersuk Vorasuk , Wonkam Ambroise , Ekure Ekanem Nsikak , Phadke Shubha R. , Richieri‐Costa Antonio , Muenke Maximilian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTurner syndrome (TS) is a common multiple congenital anomaly syndrome resulting from complete or partial absence of the second X chromosome. In this study, we explore the phenotype of TS in diverse populations using clinical examination and facial analysis technology. Clinical data from 78 individuals and images from 108 individuals with TS from 19 different countries were analyzed. Individuals were grouped into categories of African descent (African), Asian, Latin American, Caucasian (European descent), and Middle Eastern. The most common phenotype features across all population groups were short stature (86%), cubitus valgus (76%), and low posterior hairline 70%. Two facial analysis technology experiments were conducted: TS versus general population and TS versus Noonan syndrome. Across all ethnicities, facial analysis was accurate in diagnosing TS from frontal facial images as measured by the area under the curve (AUC). An AUC of 0.903 (p < .001) was found for TS versus general population controls and 0.925 (p < .001) for TS versus individuals with Noonan syndrome. In summary, we present consistent clinical findings from global populations with TS and additionally demonstrate that facial analysis technology can accurately distinguish TS from the general population and Noonan syndrome.
Study on the activity difference of macromonomers for preparing polycarboxylic superplasticizers
Authors: Liu Guanjie , Wei Xuehong , Wang Ziwei , Ren Jianguo 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTPolycarboxylic superplasticizers produced by polyether macromonomers have attracted widely attention recently. Polyether macromonomers can be divided into vinyl ether‐based and vinyl alcohol‐based macromonomers according to the starting agents (vinyl ether and vinyl alcohol, respectively). In this study, three vinyl ether‐based macromonomers were synthesized to compare with vinyl alcohol‐based macromonomers that commonly used at present. It was found that the three vinyl ether‐based macromonomers all can be copolymerized at lower reaction temperature (5 °C) and shorter reaction time (30–45 min) when the same reaction conversion ratio was achieved. To better explain the high activity of vinyl ether‐based macromonomers, the molecular structure of different polyether macromonomers was calculated. The results show that the electron cloud on the CC double bond of vinyl ether‐based macromonomers exhibits more obvious deflection because of the direct connection with the oxygen atom, which makes it more easily to copolymerize with acrylic acid. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48844.
A hybrid model for pulsar's spin‐down evolution
Authors: Gao Zhi‐Fu , Wang Hui , Peng Qiu‐He , Shan Hao , Wang Na 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBy considering the combined effects of both the standard magnetic dipole model and the composite neutron superfluid vortex model on pulsar's spin‐down, we study the evolution of pulsar's spin‐down on the P −  diagram. The evolution path of each pulsar is dictated by a particular mechanism in our hybrid model within different parameter spaces. The valley of each curve is the most possible place for a neutron star (NS) to be observed as this is the place corresponding to the minimum value of the evolution speed (i.e., the time derivative ). In other words, pulsars would distribute around these valleys on the P −  diagram. The suppressed region in the lower‐right part of the diagram can be explained by neutrino cyclotron emission from the 1S0 neutron superfluid vortexes in NSs.
Hangwassermodellierungen und deren Möglichkeit zur Abschätzung von potenziellen Gefährdungen für Gebäude
Authors: Starl Hans 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn den letzten Jahren kam es in Österreich vermehrt zu Schäden durch Hochwasser bzw. Hangwasserabflüssen, die von kurzzeitigen, starken Niederschlägen ausgelöst wurden. Im Rahmen einer Modellierung und Analyse von realen Starkregenereignissen mit Schadensfolgen, wie sie sich 2016 in Laakirchen/Oberösterreich ereigneten, wird die Zuverlässigkeit von Hangwassersimulationen im Vergleich zu realen Abflussaufzeichnungen untersucht und das Simulationsmodell validiert. Darauf aufbauend werden die festgestellten Übereinstimmungen und Abweichungen, welche zwischen den Ergebnissen aus den Simulationsrechnungen und den realen Ereignissen erkannt werden, dargelegt und genauer untersucht. Ziel dieser Analyse ist, Möglichkeiten aufzuzeigen, wie zu erwartende Gebäudeschäden durch Hangwasserabflüsse im Vorfeld mit validierten Hangwassersimulationen erkannt werden können bzw. wo die Simulationsrechnung Limitierungen hat.
Revisiting β‐Catenin Signaling in T‐Cell Development and T‐Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Bigas Anna , Guillén Yolanda , Schoch Leonie , Arambilet David 
Published: December 2019

Abstractβ‐Catenin/CTNNB1 is critical for leukemia initiation or the stem cell capacity of several hematological malignancies. This review focuses on a general evaluation of β‐catenin function in normal T‐cell development and T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL). The integration of the existing literature offers a state‐of‐the‐art dissection of the complexity of β‐catenin function in leukemia initiation and maintenance in both Notch‐dependent and independent contexts. In addition, β‐catenin mutations are screened for in T‐ALL primary samples, and it is found that they are rare and with little clinical relevance. Transcriptional analysis of Wnt family members (Ctnnb1, Axin2, Tcf7, and Lef1) and Myc in different publicly available T‐ALL cohorts indicates that the expression of these genes may correlate with T‐ALL subtypes and/or therapy outcomes.
Prevalence of RAS and BRAF mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer patients by tumor sidedness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bylsma Lauren C. , Gillezeau Christina , Garawin Tamer A. , Kelsh Michael A. , Fryzek Jon P. , Sangaré Laura , Lowe Kimberly A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStudies have shown that the prevalence of RAS and BRAF mutations may differ by tumor sidedness among metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. Both mutation status and tumor sidedness may impact survival and disease progression and RAS mutation status has been shown to predict response to anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy. A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis were conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of RAS and BRAF mutations by tumor sidedness in studies of mCRC patients. Forty‐four studies comprising 15 981 mCRC patients tested for RAS and/or BRAF mutations were included in the meta‐analyses. The prevalence of RAS mutations differed significantly by tumor side (32.4% among left‐sided tumors, 41.3% among right‐sided tumors; P = .017), as did the prevalence of KRAS mutations (35.8% among left‐sided tumors, 46.3% among right‐sided tumors; P < .0001) and BRAF mutations (4.3% among left‐sided tumors, 16.3% among right‐sided tumors; P < .0001). Among right‐sided tumors, the prevalence of RAS and KRAS mutations varied significantly by study design, with higher prevalence among observational studies than clinical trials, and there was significant variation by study location for the prevalence of KRAS mutations in left‐sided tumors and the prevalence of BRAF mutations in right‐sided tumors. These results help to better characterize the mCRC population to better inform clinicians and researchers. Few of the included studies reported overall or progression‐free survival (PFS) by both tumor sidedness and mutation status. As both of these factors may have prognostic impact, future studies should consider evaluating survival by these variables.
Methylation of CpG 5962 in L1 of the human papillomavirus 16 genome as a potential predictive marker for viral persistence: A prospective large cohort study using cervical swab samples
Authors: Fertey Jasmin , Hagmann Jörg , Ruscheweyh Hans‐Joachim , Munk Christian , Kjaer Susanne , Huson Daniel , Haedicke‐Jarboui Juliane , Stubenrauch Frank , Iftner Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSeveral studies have demonstrated that the viral genome can be methylated by the host cell during progression from persistent infection to cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate whether methylation at a specific site could predict the development of viral persistence and whether viral load shows a correlation with specific methylation patterns. HPV16‐positive samples from women aged 20–29 years (n = 99) with a follow‐up time of 13 years, were included from a Danish cohort comprising 11 088 women. Viral load was measured by real‐time PCR and methylation status was determined for 39 CpG sites in the upstream regulatory region (URR), E6/E7, and L1 region of HPV16 by next‐generation sequencing. Participants were divided into two groups according to whether they were persistently (≥ 24 months) or transiently HPV16 infected. The general methylation status was significantly different between women with a persistent and women with a transient infection outcome (P = .025). One site located in L1 (nt. 5962) was statistically significantly (P = .00048) different in the methylation status after correction using the Holm‐Sidak method (alpha = 0.05). Correlation analyses of samples from HPV16 persistently infected women suggest that methylation is higher although viral load is lower. This study indicates that methylation at position 5962 of the HPV16 genome within the L1 gene might be a predictive marker for the development of a persistent HPV16 infection.