bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who Lives Where and Why? Residential Changes Across Adulthood in Persons With Down Syndrome
Authors: Lee Chung E. , Urbano Richard C. , Burke Meghan M. , Hodapp Robert M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough lifespans have increased for adults with Down syndrome, few studies have examined changes in residential arrangements across adulthood. Using datasets from sibling (Phase I) and parent (Phase II) reporters of individuals with Down syndrome, this study examined: percentages of adults who lived with or away from parents during their 20s, 30s, and 40s–50s; changes over adulthood in offspring and parental functioning; and predictors of leaving the parental home. In these secondary data analyses, we examined 250 adults with Down syndrome in Phase I and 703 adults with Down syndrome in Phase II. In both phases, gradual declines in living with parents occurred from the 20s to the 30s, more rapid declines in the 40s–50s. When adults with Down syndrome were aged 40–59, both adults and parents showed health and functional declines. Older ages of adults with Down syndrome and, in the 40s–50s group, presumed parental functional declines both predicted adults with Down syndrome leaving their parents' homes. Practical, policy, and research implications are discussed.
Assessment of littoral algal diversity from the northern Gulf of Mexico using environmental DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Bombin Sergei , Wysor Brian , Lopez‐Bautista Juan M. 
Published: October 2020

Traditional methods for algal biodiversity monitoring are costly and time inefficient because they rely on high‐level taxonomic expertise to address species identity problems involving phenotypic plasticity and morphological convergence. These problems are exacerbated in regions such as the Gulf of Mexico, that has a limited history of phycological exploration, but that are economically important or threatened by numerous anthropogenic stressors. Given the high pace of disturbance to natural systems, there is a critical need for expedient and cost‐effective tools for the study of benthic algal communities. Here we document the use of environmental DNA metabarcoding, using the partial LSU rDNA and 23S rDNA plastid molecular markers, to elucidate littoral algal diversity in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. We assigned 73.7% of algal OTUs to genus and 59.6% to species ranks. Our current study detected molecular signals for 35 algal/protist species with no previous reports in the Gulf of Mexico, thus providing an important, molecular‐validated, baseline of species richness for this region. We also make several bioinformatic recommendations for the efficient use of high‐throughput sequence data to assess biological communities.
Self‐Determination to Increase Oral Reading Fluency Performance: Pilot and Replication Single‐Case Design Studies
Authors: Didion Lisa , Toste Jessica R. , Benz Sarah A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report findings from multiple baseline design studies examining the effects of a program (“Data Mountain”) to improve the oral reading fluency (ORF) performance of 12 third‐grade students with significant reading difficulties. The Data Mountain program guided students through self‐monitoring, goal setting, and motivation training related to their reading performance. In the pilot study, these components were introduced across two experimental phases (self‐monitoring and goal setting, followed by motivation training) to observe potential additive effects. In the replication study, the full Data Mountain program was introduced in one experimental phase. Between‐case standardized mean difference effect sizes yielded moderate effects across studies (ES = 0.53, 0.63). Visual analyses of data revealed that students demonstrated increased levels of words read correctly per minute (wpm). In the pilot study, students’ fluency increased to an average of 22 wpm in the self‐monitoring and goal‐setting phase, and to a further 9 wpm in the motivation training phase. In the replication study, students increased an average of 18 wpm with the Data Mountain program. These results provide evidence to suggest that self‐determination and motivation training have the potential to support the ORF performance of students with significant reading difficulties in the elementary grades.
Describing the current status of Plasmodium falciparum population structure and drug resistance within mainland Tanzania using molecular inversion probes
Authors: Moser Kara A. , Madebe Rashid A. , Aydemir Ozkan , Chiduo Mercy G. , Mandara Celine I. , Rumisha Susan F. , Chaky Frank , Denton Madeline , Marsh Patrick W. , Verity Robert , Watson Oliver J. , Ngasala Billy , Mkude Sigsbert , Molteni Fabrizio , Njau Ritha , Warsame Marian , Mandike Renata , Kabanywanyi Abdunoor M. , Mahende Muhidin K. , Kamugisha Erasmus , Ahmed Maimuna , Kavishe Reginald A. , Greer George , Kitojo Chonge A. , Reaves Erik J. , Mlunde Linda , Bishanga Dunstan , Mohamed Ally , Juliano Jonathan J. , Ishengoma Deus S. , Bailey Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh‐throughput Plasmodium genomic data is increasingly useful in assessing prevalence of clinically important mutations and malaria transmission patterns. Understanding parasite diversity is important for identification of specific human or parasite populations that can be targeted by control programmes, and to monitor the spread of mutations associated with drug resistance. An up‐to‐date understanding of regional parasite population dynamics is also critical to monitor the impact of control efforts. However, this data is largely absent from high‐burden nations in Africa, and to date, no such analysis has been conducted for malaria parasites in Tanzania countrywide. To this end, over 1,000 P. falciparum clinical isolates were collected in 2017 from 13 sites in seven administrative regions across Tanzania, and parasites were genotyped at 1,800 variable positions genome‐wide using molecular inversion probes. Population structure was detectable among Tanzanian P. falciparum parasites, approximately separating parasites from the northern and southern districts and identifying genetically admixed populations in the north. Isolates from nearby districts were more likely to be genetically related compared to parasites sampled from more distant districts. Known drug resistance mutations were seen at increased frequency in northern districts (including two infections carrying pfk13‐R561H), and additional variants with undetermined significance for antimalarial resistance also varied by geography. Malaria Indicator Survey (2017) data corresponded with genetic findings, including average region‐level complexity‐of‐infection and malaria prevalence estimates. The parasite populations identified here provide important information on extant spatial patterns of genetic diversity of Tanzanian parasites, to which future surveys of genetic relatedness can be compared.
Optimised tissue clearing minimises distortion and destruction during tissue delipidation
Authors: Lee Krit , Lai Hei Ming , Soerensen Maja Hoejvang , Hui Edward Sai‐Kam , Ma Victor Wan‐San , Cho William Chi‐Shing , Ho Yuen‐Shan , Chang Raymond Chuen‐Chung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsA variety of tissue clearing techniques have been developed to render intact tissue transparent. For thicker samples, additional partial tissue delipidation is required before immersion into the final refractive index (RI)‐matching solution, which alone is often inadequate to achieve full tissue transparency. However, it is difficult to determine a sufficient degree of tissue delipidation, excess of which can result in tissue distortion and protein loss. Here, we aim to develop a clearing strategy that allows better monitoring and more precise determination of delipidation progress.MethodsWe combined the detergent sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) with OPTIClear, a RI‐matching solution, to form a strategy termed Accurate delipidation with Optimal Clearing (Accu‐OptiClearing). Accu‐OptiClearing allows for a better preview of the final tissue transparency achieved when immersed in OPTIClear alone just before imaging. We assessed for the changes in clearing rate, protein loss, degree of tissue distortion, and preservation of antigens.ResultsPartial delipidation using Accu‐OptiClearing accelerated tissue clearing and better preserved tissue structure and antigens than delipidation with SDS alone. Despite achieving similar transparency in the final OPTIClear solution, more lipids were retained in samples cleared with Accu‐OptiClearing compared to SDS.ConclusionsCombining the RI‐matching solution OPTIClear with detergents, Accu‐OptiClearing, can avoid excessive delipidation, leading to accelerated tissue clearing, less tissue damage and better preserved antigens.
Identification of citrus immune regulators involved in defence against Huanglongbing using a new functional screening system
Authors: Huang Chien Yu , Niu DongDong , Kund Gregory , Jones Mike , Albrecht Ute , Nguyen Lincoln , Bui Christine , Ramadugu Chandrika , Bowman Kim D. , Trumble John , Jin Hailing 
Published: October 2020

SummaryHuanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating citrus disease in the world. Almost all commercial citrus varieties are susceptible to the causal bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP). Currently, there are no effective management strategies to control HLB. HLB‐tolerant traits have been reported in some citrus relatives and citrus hybrids, which offer a direct pathway for discovering natural defence regulators to combat HLB. Through comparative analysis of small RNA profiles and target gene expression between an HLB‐tolerant citrus hybrid (Poncirus trifoliata × Citrus reticulata) and a susceptible citrus variety, we identified a panel of candidate defence regulators for HLB‐tolerance. These regulators display similar expression patterns in another HLB‐tolerant citrus relative, with a distinct genetic and geographic background, the Sydney hybrid (Microcitrus virgata). Because the functional validation of candidate regulators in tree crops is always challenging, we developed a novel rapid functional screening method, using a C. Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso)/potato psyllid/Nicotiana benthamiana interaction system to mimic the natural transmission and infection circuit of the HLB complex. When combined with efficient virus‐induced gene silencing in N. benthamiana, this innovative and cost‐effective screening method allows for rapid identification and functional characterization of regulators involved in plant immune responses against HLB, such as the positive regulator BRCA1‐Associated Protein, and the negative regulator Vascular Associated Death Protein.
Getting the most out of waste: how dung beetles boost the nitrogen content in their food
Authors: Madzivhe Fhulufhedzani M. , Woolley Christopher , Byrne Marcus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe life cycle of almost all dung beetles revolve around mammalian dung, the feed on dung, look for mating partners on dung and lay eggs in the dung. We know they feed on dung, but we still do not understand how exactly they filter‐feed on the dung and which particles size range they are ingesting. The aim on this study was to investigate the filter feeding by particle selection by adult dung beetles using Scarabaeus goryi and how that improves the nutrient quality of the ingested particles. We compared the particle sizes and nutrient content of the dung with the ingested material in the foregut, hindgut and the faeces of the dung beetle. Adult dung beetles do select smaller dung particles when feeding, we found the maximum particle size for the ingested particle to be around 1400 μm. The average particle size increased through the gut length. Dung beetles also selected particles with higher nitrogen content when feeding, the nitrogen content increased from about 1.5% in the dung to just over 5% in the foregut which then decreased to the level of the unprocessed dung in the dung beetle faeces. Carbon content did not increase from the unprocessed dung to the foregut but decreased through the gut length. Feeding by particle size selection by dung beetles helps in selecting particles with higher nitrogen content to compensate for the low levels found in dung.
Is satisficing really satisfying? Satisficers exhibit greater threat than maximizers during choice overload
Authors: Saltsman Thomas L. , Seery Mark D. , Ward Deborah E. , Lamarche Veronica M. , Kondrak Cheryl L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhen selecting from too many options (i.e., choice overload), maximizers (people who search exhaustively to make decisions that are optimal) report more negative post‐decisional evaluations of their choices than do satisficers (people who search minimally to make decisions that are sufficient). Although ample evidence exists for differences in responses after‐the‐fact, little is known about possible divergences in maximizers’ and satisficers’ experiences during choice overload. Thus, using the biopsychosocial model of challenge/threat, we examined 128 participants’ cardiovascular responses as they actively made a selection from many options. Specifically, we focused on cardiovascular responses assessing the degree to which individuals (a) viewed their decisions as valuable/important and (b) viewed themselves as capable (vs. incapable) of making a good choice. Although we found no differences in terms of the value individuals placed on their decisions (i.e., cardiovascular responses of task engagement), satisficers—compared to maximizers—exhibited cardiovascular responses consistent with feeling less capable of making their choice (i.e., greater relative threat). The current work provides a novel investigation of the nature of differences in maximizers’/satisficers’ momentary choice overload experiences, suggesting insight into why they engage in such distinct search behaviors.
Microbiome diversity and dysbiosis in aquaculture
Authors: Infante‐Villamil Sandra , Huerlimann Roger , Jerry Dean R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the continuous growth of the human population and associated need for high‐quality protein, the aquaculture sector will be required to increase significantly in productivity. This growth in productivity will be achieved through more efficient use of resources like feeds, genetic improvement and limiting the impacts of disease. One of the key links between animal productivity and disease is that of microbial diversity, with high‐throughput sequencing technologies increasing our understanding of the role microorganisms play in health, development and physiology of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts alike. Increasing our understanding of microbial–host interactions will help avoid or manage dysbiosis in aquaculture systems with the final aim of improving productivity. We review the current literature, which indicates that there is an association between productivity and microbial diversity in aquaculture systems, as changes in bacterial microbiomes are implicated in animal performance, in disease development associated with both bacterial and viral origin, and in dysbiosis triggered by environmental stressors or diet choice. Dysbiosis, whether in the form of the loss of beneficial bacteria, or the expansion of pathogens or potentially harmful microorganisms, can be used as an indicator tool for productivity monitoring purposes. Development of management strategies towards preserving the microbial balance, including maintaining or increasing diversity in the host, is critical for the health of cultured aquatic animals and will likely be critical for the expansion of aquaculture.
The idea and study of sacrifice in ancient Israel
Authors: Feldman Liane M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article offers an introduction to the idea of sacrifice in Israel across the first millenniumbce, and presents data from both the first and second temple periods. In the first part of the article, I discuss three different types of evidence available for the study of sacrifice—archeological, comparative, and literary—the strengths and limitations of each form of evidence, and highlight recent trends in this area of study. In the second part of the article, I turn to a more direct discussion of the what, where, who, why, and how of sacrifice in ancient Israel.
Caregiving adult children’s perceptions of challenges relating to the end of life of their centenarian parents
Authors: Eggert Simon , Wenzel Arlett , Suhr Ralf , Gellert Paul , Dräger Dagmar 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe number of centenarians in Europe is increasing; many face health impairments. Adult children often play a key role in their care, but there is a lack of research into what it means for these caregiving relatives to be confronted for many years with their parents’ end of life (EOL), dying and death as well as their own advancing age.AimThis study aims to analyse the challenges of caregiving adult children regarding their parents’ end of life and the related burdens and barriers they report.Material and MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 13 caregivers following a theory‐based and tested guideline. The computer‐aided coding and evaluation followed the structured content analysis approach.ResultsThe analysis showed three main themes: 'Confronting EOL', 'Communicating about death and dying' and 'Assisting in the terminal phase'. The respondents commented on burdensome demands and concerns about the future. Further, a strong underlying presence of intra‐ and interpersonal conflicts relating to EOL became apparent.DiscussionThe results indicate several potential burdens for centenarians’ caregiving offspring. They are confronted with a double challenge resulting from the combination of their own advanced age and experiencing the burdens of their parents’ very old age. Further, some participants struggled with their own unclear perspective on the future because of the relative but unclear proximity of the parent’s death. Multiple conflicts and overlapping conflict dimensions emphasise the potential of the EOL topic to influence the well‐being of family caregivers and care recipients.LimitationsThe convenience sample used for the study may cause limitations, for example, the fact that persons with a formally lower educational status are not represented.ConclusionThe findings suggest that interventions designed for family‐related care situations should include topics like 'Finiteness and grief', 'Communicating about dying and death' and 'Decisions and dispositions at EOL'.
Learning to Play Through Pain and Injury: An Examination of Social Learning Theory Among Iranian Athletes
Authors: Kabiri Saeed , Choi Jaeyong , Shadmanfaat Seyyedeh Masoomeh (Shamila) , Ponnet Koen , Lee Julak , Lee Sanghun , Donner Christopher M. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThis study investigates the social factors affecting playing through pain and injury of professional athletes, using Akers’s social learning theory (SLT).MethodsPropositions of SLT were examined using a sample of 784 athletes from Rasht and Bandar Anzali in Iran.ResultsFindings from structural equation modeling indicated that the social learning components (i.e., differential association, differential reinforcement, imitations, and definitions) predicted 33 percent of the variance in athletes’ playing through pain and injury.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that athletes’ playing through pain and injury is determined by the social setting in which the athlete plays, through his or her interactions with other sports culture members, the internalization of desirable definitions, imitation of others, and the assessment of personal and social benefits.
Homological relations: A methodology for the certification of irregular tessellations
Authors: Clementini Eliseo , Lejdel Brahim , Mazzagufo Sabrina , Laurini Robert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn GIS, spatial analysis is based on the use of spatial operations such as testing the spatial relations between features. Often, such tests are invalidated by errors in datasets. It is a very common experience that two bordering regions which should obey the topological relation “meet” fall instead in the “overlap” category. The situation is exacerbated when applying topological operators to regions that come from different datasets, where resolution and error sources are different. Despite the problem being quite common, up to now no standard approach has been defined to deal with spatial relations affected by errors of various origins. Referring to topological relations, we define a model to extend the eight Egenhofer relations between two simple regions: we call them homological relations (H‐relations). We discuss how exact topological relations can be extracted from observed relations and discuss the case of irregular tessellations, where errors have the most impact on vector data. In the proposed case study within the domain of geographic crowdsourced data, we propose algorithms for identifying homological regions and obtaining a corrected tessellation. This methodology can be considered as a step for quality control and the certification of irregular tessellations.
Deliberative Agency, Self‐Control, and the Divided Mind
Authors: Altehenger Hannah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAccording to a widely endorsed claim, intentional action is brought about by an agent's desires in accordance with these desires' respective motivational strength. As Jay Wallace has argued, though, this “hydraulic model” of the aetiology of intentional action has a serious flaw: it fails to leave room for genuine deliberative agency. Drawing on recent developments in the debate on self‐control, the article argues that Wallace's criticism can be addressed once we combine the hydraulic model with a so‐called “divided mind” account of self‐control.
The influence of feeding and gastroprotectant medications on the Factor Xa inhibitory activity of orally administered rivaroxaban in normal dogs
Authors: Lynch Alex M. , Ruterbories Laura K. , Griffith Emily , Hanel Rita M. , Stablein Alyssa P. , Brooks Marjory B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveRivaroxaban is a new anticoagulant option for dogs, yet its reported oral bioavailability is as low as 60%. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of feeding and gastroprotectant medications on the bioactivity (anti‐Xa activity) of rivaroxaban in healthy dogs.DesignProspective experimental study.SettingUniversity research laboratory.AnimalsFive healthy neutered male purpose‐bred Beagles.InterventionsDogs were administered a median dose of 1.8 mg/kg rivaroxaban (range, 1.6‐1.8 mg/kg) orally once daily for 2 consecutive days with either (1) no food, (2) food, (3) sucralfate 30 minutes before rivaroxaban, or (4) omeprazole at the same time as rivaroxaban. Blood was collected from preplaced jugular catheters immediately before and at 6 time points after rivaroxaban administration (2, 4, 8, 24, 36, and 48 hours). A rivaroxaban calibrated anti‐Xa activity assay (RIVA) was used to monitor anticoagulant effect.Measurements and Main ResultsRivaroxaban administration resulted in significant increases in RIVA (P = 0.02), with peak activities occurring 2 to 4 hours after dosingduring each study arm. No feeding was associated with significantly higher RIVA at the 36‐hour time point compared to all other treatment arms (P < 0.0001), and feeding resulted in high RIVA at the 48‐hour time point compared with sucralfate administration (P = 0.003). No significant changes in RIVA were otherwise identified with respect to feeding or gastroprotectant administration (P = 0.2).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlthough administration without food demonstrated an apparent increase in RIVA 36 hours after drug administration, clinically relevant differences among treatment groups were not identified in combined analyses of time points. Based on these results, dogs treated with rivaroxaban do not require special modification of feeding practices or gastroprotectant drug administration.