bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Integrative Review of the Factors Associated with Spontaneous Preterm Birth, Its Prevention and Prediction, Including Metabolomic Markers
Authors: Souza Renato Teixeira , Cecatti José Guilherme 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPreterm birth is a major maternal complication that has a great impact on perinatal and neonatal health, with consequences suffered during childhood and adulthood. Little is known about its etiology and development, resulting in poor screening, prediction and preventive methods. The present integrative review discusses the current knowledge regarding some risk factors for preterm birth, the differences between screening and prediction methods, the limitations of some current preventive interventions, the importance of applying standardized concepts for exposures and outcomes, and why it is important to develop more accurate and reproducible methods to predict preterm birth. In addition, the authors introduce the concept of metabolomics and the technology involved in this technique, and discuss about how it has become a promising approach to identify biomarkers for spontaneous preterm birth.
Adolescent Kienböck's Disease: A Comparison between Lunate Offloading and Revascularization Procedures
Authors: Gillis Joshua A. , Khouri Joseph S. , Moran Steven L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the outcomes and complication rate of surgical management in adolescent patients with Kienböck's disease and compare lunate offloading and revascularization procedures.
Methods We performed a retrospective chart review to evaluate adolescent patients with Kienböck's disease between 1990 and 2016 who were surgically managed. Charts were reviewed for demographic information, presence of trauma, range of motion, grip strength, and radiographic parameters pre- and postoperative.
Results We assessed 21 wrists in 20 patients. All had failed conservative management and required surgery. Seven patients underwent lunate offloading procedures, most commonly radial-shortening osteotomy, whereas 13 patients had an attempt at revascularization. All patients had either minimal or no pain at a clinical mean clinical follow-up of 63.4 months. Postoperatively, grip strength and radial deviation improved, with no difference between the two groups. Those that underwent joint offloading procedures had less ulnar variance. Eight of 11 patients with a postoperative MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) had evidence of lunate revascularization after a revascularization procedure.
Conclusion Surgical management of Kienböck's disease in adolescent patients can yield satisfactory outcomes in those that fail conservative management.
Level of Evidence/Type of study This is a Level IV, therapeutic study.
Review on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Qubty William , Irwin Samantha Lee , Fox Christine K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a clinical–radiologic diagnosis that affects children and adolescents, but it is much more frequently reported in adults. Clinically, patients present with severe and commonly recurrent thunderclap headaches. Typical precipitating triggers include vasoactive substances, serotonergic agents, and the postpartum period. There may be associated neurologic complications at presentation or in the weeks following, such as convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, cerebral edema, cervical artery dissection (CeAD), and seizures. Angiographically, the cerebral arteries demonstrate segmental vasoconstriction and dilation, although imaging early in the clinical course may be normal. Work-up is performed to exclude intracranial disorders such as vasculitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured aneurysm, meningitis, and intracranial venous sinus thrombosis. Within 1 month of initial symptom onset, clinical symptoms such as severe headache have ceased, and within 3 months, the cerebral vasoconstriction is much improved or resolved. Management involves avoidance of precipitating triggers and potentially short-term pharmacotherapy with calcium channel blockers for patients with associated neurologic complications. Steroids are not recommended and may worsen the clinical outcome. Prognosis is excellent in the large majority of patients, and only 5% of patients experience a recurrence of RCVS.
IMMUNOCOMPROMISED STATUS A CAUSE OF OPPORTUNISTIC INTESTINAL INFECTION LEADING TO GRAM NEGATIVE SEPSIS
Authors: Rai Rekha , Karnaker Vimal Kumar , S. Krishnaprasad M. , R. Ganesh H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGram negative sepsis and intestinal opportunistic infections including Cryptosporidium, Isospora, Cyclospora, Microsporidia, S.stercoralis and Candida albicans are increasingly becoming prevalent in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. These infections are clinically important primarily because many of these have the potential for serious and even lethal complications in immunosuppressed patients. Here, we are reporting a patient with Gram-negative sepsis, who was found to be co-infected with three of these opportunistic pathogens. She was also found to be positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies. To our knowledge, this has been reported once previously, and serves as a reminder to actively exclude S.stercoralis infection in immunocompromised individuals presenting with bacteraemia.
PRIMARY ANORECTAL MELANOMA- A RARE CASE REPORT WITH REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Permi Harish S. , Mathias Michelle , Prasad Kishan , Y. Sunilkumar , K. Jayaprakash Shetty , Makannavar J. H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMalignant melanoma is very rare accounting for 1% of all anorectal malignancies. Long term survival is rare, as most patients die of disseminated disease. A 64-year old female presented with the history of bleeding per rectum and constipation since 2 months with recto-sigmoidoscopy showing an exophytic growth measuring 4x3 cms obstructing the lumen of the rectum. Biopsy showed malignant spindle cell tumor, with possibilities of spindle cell variant of squamous cell carcinoma, leiomyosarcoma and malignant melanoma. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for S-100 and HMB-45, confirming malignant melanoma. MRI showed a tumor just behind the anal verge, without evidence of invasion in the sphincter or enlarged lymph nodes. An abdominal perineal resection was performed with colostomy. On four years of follow up, the patient is doing well without recurrence or metastasis. We report this case because of its rarity, diagnostic dilemmas, early diagnosis and treatment of this aggressive malignancy for better outcome and long term survival. Keywords : primary, anorectal melanoma, HMB-45.
Culture-driven emotional profiles and online discourse extremism
Authors: Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk Barbara 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Discourse practices are investigated in English and Polish online comments which display different degrees of linguistic extremism. The present contribution identifies the contexts and targets of such practices and argues that hate speech is conditioned by culture-driven emotional experience and emotion expression profiles prevailing in particular societies. The discussion focuses on Polish and UK English emotionality and on relevant cultural models of the negative emotion clusters identified in Polish and English online political and social comments in posts collected between 2013 and 2018 on topics connected mainly, though not exclusively, with migration and the perception of the Other. First, the article shows that there are differences in the display and expression of emotions between English and Polish discourses, the latter being more negatively explicit and more often addressing the current online interactant. Second, in both groups, two opposing camps are identified. Finally, the rise in meaning and expressiveness of radicalization is observed in both English and Polish across the investigated period.
Incitement to discriminatory hatred, illocution and perlocution
Authors: Assimakopoulos Stavros 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Even though there seem to be no objectively defined criteria about what constitutes hate speech, a lot of legislation and policy making currently aims at combating it. This paper sets out to define hate speech under its standard legal understanding of ‘incitement to discriminatory hatred’, by adopting a speech-act theoretic perspective. My main proposal is that the Austinian distinction between illocution and perlocution can be pivotal in this process, since hate speech may be an illocutionary act that is typically tied to the recognition of a speaker’s intention to incite discriminatory hatred, but one which can only be defined if one takes into account its speaker’s intended perlocutionary effects; that is, the intention of the speaker to trigger a particular kind of response from some audience. Against this backdrop, I turn to show how a reworked Searlean notion of felicity conditions can be usefully applied in the delineation of hate speech under this legal conception.
The Multi-Component Model for the semantic analysis of slurs
Authors: Technau Björn 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The semantics of slur terms has provoked some debate within the philosophy of language, and different analysis models have been proposed to account for the complex meaning of these terms. The present paper acknowledges the complexity of the matter and presents an analysis model that is inspired by multiple-component approaches to slurs, such as those by Camp (2018) and Jeshion (2018). The Multi-Component Model for the semantic analysis of slurs (MCM) tracks down altogether four meaning components in group-based slur terms: a referential and a pejorative meaning component (being xy and despicable because of it), as well as a scalar component capturing the term’s individual degree of offensiveness, and an expressive component indexing heightened emotions in all contexts of use. The notion of individual offensiveness degrees (that are fed by a multitude of semantic, pragmatic, and/or extralinguistic sources) allows us to account for the differences between slurs for the same ethnic group (such as nigger, negro, coon, darkie for Blacks); and the separation of the expressive component from the pejorative component can (1) explain the high frequency of non-pejorative uses, and (2) correctly describe these uses as expressive.
High‐level athletes’ motivation for sport and susceptibility to doping: The mediating role of eating behaviours
Authors: Scoffier‐Mériaux Stéphanie , d'Arripe‐Longueville Fabienne , Woodman Tim , Lentillon‐Kaestner Vanessa , Corrion Karine 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBoth doping (e.g. Hodge, K., Hargreaves, E. A., Gerrard, D. F., & Lonsdale, C. (2013). Psychological mechanisms underlying doping attitudes in sport: Motivation and moral disengagement. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 35, 419–432.) and eating behaviours (e.g. Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L., & Harris, J. (2006). From psychological need satisfaction to intentional behaviour: Testing a motivational sequence in two behavioural contexts. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 131–148.) have been studied independently within the SDT framework, but no research has examined these variables concomitantly to better understand the relationships between motivation for sport and doping variables. We therefore examined the mediating role of eating behaviour in the relationship between SDT constructs for sport motivation and athletes’ susceptibility to doping. Bootstrapped mediation analyses were performed for 171 male and female athletes with competitive experience in various sports. The analyses revealed that healthy eating behaviours significantly mediated the relationship between SDT motivational constructs and susceptibility to doping. The findings enrich our theoretical understanding of how the SDT approach to motivation for sport might provide insight into the susceptibility to doping; that is, through the potential mediating role of healthy eating behaviours. Finally, the potential central position of eating behaviours in the motivation‐doping relationship opens up a potential swathe of novel research, with investigations into eating behaviours at the forefront of future research on the psychology of doping.
Preliminary study of iodine analysis in food using epithermal method of neutron activation analysis in TRIGA 2000 reactor pneumatic system facility
Authors: Syahfitri W Y N , Lestiani D D , Adventini N , Atmodjo D P D , Kusmartini I , Sari D K , Kurniawati S , Damastuti E , Santoso M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Iodine in food usually presents in low-level concentration, so it is not easy for measurement by thermal NAA related to the high background of the Compton. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop the iodine analysis method in a food matrix, so that the iodine analysis method is obtained, which is guaranteed the validity. In this activity, a number of 50 mg of SRM NIST 1548a Typical Diet, IPE sample and standard were irradiated in a pneumatic system facility at TRIGA 2000 reactor with the power of 700 KW by covering sample using cadmium plates to absorb thermal neutrons. The results of the iodine-128 spectrum analysis at 442.3 Kev in the GENIE 2000 software showed a good prospect for iodine detection, with a limit of detection (LOD) is 0.19 mg/kg. The results of the validation method by accuracy and precision testing stated with % Recovery and RSDr each ranged between 93.6-103.1% and 16.33-16.60, respectively. This data have good agreement with accuracy and precision. Criteria the preliminary study, it can be concluded that iodine at food matrices could be determined using epithermal NAA.
Hot deformation behavior and processing map of ultrafine-grained pure zirconium refined by compounding
Authors: Han Peisheng , Ma Weijie , Zhu XiaoYu , Li Yanwei , Yang XiRong , Wang Xiaogang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An ultrafine-grained (UFG) pure zirconium(Zr) refined by compounding with a size of Φ4 × 6 mm was subjected to a unidirectional compression test using a Gellble-3800 thermal simulation tester at the temperature of 300 °C–450 °C and a strain rate range of 0.001–0.05 s−1. Experimental results showed that the flow stress of UFG pure Zr refined by compounding is highly sensitive to temperature and strain rate, and the peak stress decreases with increase in deformation temperature and increases with increase in strain rate. The Arrhenius constitutive equation based on the experimental data can effectively predict peak stress in actual thermal deformation, The correlation coefficient between the actual value and the predicted value can reach as high as 0.99722. With the increase in deformation temperature and the decrease in strain rate, the UFG pure Zr refined by compounding otably undergoes dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization. These findings are based on the hot processing map and microstructure characteristics of UFG pure Zr refined by compounding. The optimal hot-working windows are determined to be in the deformation temperature of 320 °C–360 °C with strain rate of 0.005–0.01 s−1 and the deformation temperature of 410–450 °C with strain rate of 0.003–0.01 s−1.
UV and Visible light photodegradation of methylene blue with graphene decorated titanium dioxide
Authors: Acosta-Esparza M A , Rivera L P , Pérez-Centeno A , Zamudio-Ojeda A , González Daniel Ramírez , Chávez-Chávez A , Santana-Aranda M A , Santos-Cruz J , Quiñones-Galván J G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by graphene decorated titanium dioxide (TiO2) powders heated at different temperatures was analyzed. The powders were prepared by mixing TiO2 with graphene prepared by the modified Hummers method. A thermal treatment was applied to mixed and pure TiO2 powders with the aim of analyze their structural dependence on temperature, and consistently their photocatalytic degradation effect on methylene blue solutions exposed to UV and visible radiation. Structural characterization of the powders was carried out by x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. When irradiated with UV, the mixed powders showed as high as 87% photocatalytic degradation, while the pure TiO2 reached values of 59%. For visible radiation, as it is expected, the pure TiO2 showed no activity, while the mixture presented degradation of 40%.
A posture and mobility training package for care home staff: results of a cluster randomised controlled feasibility trial (the PATCH trial)
Authors: Graham Liz , Ellwood Alison , Hull Karen , Fisher Jill , Cundill Bonnie , Holland Michael , Goodwin Madeline , Clarke David , Hawkins Rebecca , Hulme Claire , Patel Ismail , Kelly Charlotte , Williams Rachel , Farrin Amanda , Forster Anne 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
provision of care for care home residents with complex needs is challenging. Physiotherapy and activity interventions can improve well-being but are often time-limited and resource intensive. A sustainable approach is to enhance the confidence and skills of staff who provide care. This trial assessed the feasibility of undertaking a definitive evaluation of a posture and mobility training programme for care staff.

Design and setting
a cluster randomised controlled feasibility trial with embedded process evaluation. Ten care homes in Yorkshire, United Kingdom, were randomised (1:1) to the skilful care training package (SCTP) or usual care (UC).

Participants
residents who were not independently mobile.

Intervention
SCTP—delivered by physiotherapists to care staff.

Objectives and measurements
key objectives informed progression to a definitive trial. Recruitment, retention and intervention uptake were monitored. Data, collected by a blinded researcher, included pain, posture, mobility, hospitalisations and falls. This informed data collection feasibility and participant safety.

Results
a total of 348 residents were screened; 146 were registered (71 UC, 75 SCTP). Forty two were lost by 6 months, largely due to deaths. While data collection from proxy informants was good (&gt;95% expected data), attrition meant that data completion rates did not meet target. Data collection from residents was poor due to high levels of dementia. Intervention uptake was variable—staff attendance at all sessions ranged from 12.5 to 65.8%. There were no safety concerns.

Conclusion
care home and resident recruitment are feasible, but refinement of data collection approaches and intervention delivery are needed for this trial and care home research more widely.
Effect of a Home Pregnancy Test Intervention on Cohort Retention and Pregnancy Detection: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Wise Lauren A , Wang Tanran R , Willis Sydney K , Wesselink Amelia K , Rothman Kenneth J , Hatch Elizabeth E 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe conducted a parallel, nonblinded randomized trial to assess whether offering home pregnancy tests (HPTs) to preconception cohort study participants influenced cohort retention or pregnancy detection. Pregnancy Study Online participants were female, aged 21–45 years, attempting pregnancy, and not using fertility treatment. At enrollment (2017–2018), 1,493 participants with 6 or fewer cycles of attempt time were randomly assigned with 50% probability to receive 12 Clearblue visual HPTs plus the standard protocol (n = 720) or the standard protocol alone (n = 773). Women completed bimonthly questionnaires for 12 months or until conception, whichever came first. In intent-to-treat analyses, retention (≥1 follow-up) was higher in the HPT arm (n = 598; 83%) than the standard protocol arm (n = 535 (69%); mean difference = 15%, 95% CI: 10, 19). Mean time at first pregnancy testing was identical in both arms (2 days before expected menses), as was mean gestational weeks at first positive pregnancy test (4 weeks). Conception was reported by 78% of women in the HPT arm and 75% in the standard protocol arm. Spontaneous abortion was reported by 21% in the HPT arm (mean gestational weeks = 7) and 21% in the standard protocol arm (mean gestational weeks = 6). Randomization of HPTs was associated with greater cohort retention but had little impact on incidence or timing of pregnancy detection.
On the use of private versus social information in oviposition site choice decisions by Drosophila melanogaster females
Authors: Malek Heather L , Long Tristan A F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Individuals are faced with decisions throughout their lifetimes, and the choices they make often have important consequences toward their fitness. Being able to discern which available option is best to pursue often incurs sampling costs, which may be largely avoided by copying the behavior and decisions of others. Although social learning and copying behaviors are widespread, much remains unknown about how effective and adaptive copying behavior is, as well as the factors that underlie its expression. Recently, it has been suggested that since female fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) appear to rely heavily on public information when selecting oviposition sites, they are a promising model system for researching patch-choice copying, and more generally, the mechanisms that control decision making. Here, we set out to determine how well female distinguish between socially produced cues, and whether females are using “relevant” signals when choosing an oviposition site. We found that females showed a strong preference for ovipositing on media patches that had been previously occupied by ovipositing females of the same species and diet over other female outgroups. However, in a separate assay, we observed that females favored ovipositing on media patches that previously housed virgin males over those exhibiting alternative conspecific signals. Our results confirm that females use cues left behind by other flies when choosing between potential oviposition sites, though their prioritization of these signals raises serious questions as to whether fruit flies are employing copying behavior, or are instead responding to signals that may not be of relevance to oviposition site suitability.
Inferring cellular heterogeneity of associations from single cell genomics
Authors: Levy Maya , Frishberg Amit , Gat-Viks Irit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMotivationCell-to-cell variation has uncovered associations between cellular phenotypes. However, it remains challenging to address the cellular diversity of such associations.ResultsHere, we do not rely on the conventional assumption that the same association holds throughout the entire cell population. Instead, we assume that associations may exist in a certain subset of the cells. We developed CEllular Niche Association (CENA) to reliably predict pairwise associations together with the cell subsets in which the associations are detected. CENA does not rely on predefined subsets but only requires that the cells of each predicted subset would share a certain characteristic state. CENA may therefore reveal dynamic modulation of dependencies along cellular trajectories of temporally evolving states. Using simulated data, we show the advantage of CENA over existing methods and its scalability to a large number of cells. Application of CENA to real biological data demonstrates dynamic changes in associations that would be otherwise masked.Availability and implementationCENA is available as an R package at Github: https://github.com/mayalevy/CENA and is accompanied by a complete set of documentations and instructions.Contactiritgv@gmail.comSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.