bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi-parameter physical fluid sensor system for industrial and automotive applications
Authors: Voglhuber-Brunnmaier Thomas , Niedermayer Alexander O. , Feichtinger Friedrich , Reichel Erwin K. , Jakoby Bernhard 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An online condition monitoring system based on the measurement of viscosity and density of liquids is presented and applied to three different measuring tasks relevant for industrial and automotive applications. One topic is oil characterization in hydraulic systems. It is shown that by measuring over varying temperature and pressure, additional physical properties can be made available for online condition monitoring, which are difficult to measure otherwise. These include, for example, the coefficient of thermal expansion and the bulk modulus, which is also related to the proportion of dissolved air. In the second application we investigate the efficiency of a passive oil defoamer and estimate the percentage of free air. Finally, the suitability of the measurement system for the determination of the diesel fraction in the engine oil as caused by the regeneration cycles of the diesel particulate filter is demonstrated.
Ein neues Gottesbild
Authors: Jeremias Jörg 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung:
Nah 1,2–3a bieten eine analogielose Eröffnung eines Prophetenbuches. Nie sonst wird Gott in hymnischer Sprache in seinem wesensmäßigen Handeln am Anfang eines Buches vorgestellt, schon gar nicht als »Eifernder« und »Rächer«: Die erste Prädikation hat im Sinne des Nahumbuches keine, die zweite eine einzige sachliche Entsprechung im Alten Testament. Hinzu kommt, dass das grundlegende Bekenntnis Israels, die sog. »Gnadenformel«, in einzigartiger Kühnheit abgewandelt, ja geradezu in ihr Gegenteil verkehrt wird. Mit seiner eschatologischen Perspektive zielt das Buch Nahum auf das Kommen einer Welt Gottes ohne Unterdrückung und Unrecht. Der weltgeschichtlich bedeutende Untergang des assyrischen Weltreichs dient in hellenistischer Zeit als Indiz der Zuverlässigkeit des prophetischen Wortes und der Treue Gottes zu der von ihm geschaffenen Welt und ihrer Ordnung.
Fit to Play? Health-Related Fitness Levels of Youth Athletes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Pfeifer Craig E. , Sacko Ryan S. , Ortaglia Andrew , Monsma Eva V. , Beattie Paul F. , Goins Justin , Stodden David F. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Pfeifer, CE, Sacko, RS, Ortaglia, A, Monsma, EV, Beattie, PF, Goins, J, and Stodden, DF. Fit to play? Health-related fitness levels of youth athletes: A pilot study. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 245–251, 2022—A recent National Strength and Conditioning Association position statement suggests that many youth are not prepared for the physical demands of sport. The purpose of this study was to compare health-related fitness (HRF) of youth athletes with normative findings from the general population. We recruited 136 athletes (63 male and 73 female athletes) aged 11–19 (16.01 ± 1.35) years and collected HRF (body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, musculoskeletal strength and endurance). Results were categorized based on FITNESSGRAM® standards and compared with Canadian youth general population normative data. Most male athletes were classified as “needs improvement” for cardiorespiratory and muscular endurance, and body mass index (BMI). Conversely, most female athletes were at or above the “healthy fitness zone” for all measures. Male athletes at both age groups (11–14, 15–19; p < 0.001) and female athletes aged 11–14 (p < 0.05) demonstrated lower cardiorespiratory endurance compared with Canadian general population. Female athletes (both age groups) demonstrated greater muscular strength, and male athletes (age, 15–19 years) demonstrated lower BMI than the Canadian general population. The results are concerning as male athletes demonstrated poorer HRF compared with the general population. Although most female athletes were within healthy ranges, a portion of them were still at risk. Considering the demands sport places on the body, evaluating HRF is paramount for performance and injury prevention but more importantly for overall health. Youth sport and strength coaches should evaluate and aim to enhance HRF, as participation in sport does not guarantee adequate HRF. Promoting long-term athletic development and life-long health should be a priority in youth.
Correlation of Eccentric Strength, Reactive Strength, and Leg Stiffness With Running Economy in Well-Trained Distance Runners
Authors: Li Fei , Newton Robert U. , Shi Yue , Sutton David , Ding Haiyong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Li, F, Newton, RU, Shi, Y, Sutton, D, and Ding, H. Correlation of eccentric strength, reactive strength, and leg stiffness with running economy in well-trained distance runners. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1491–1499, 2021—Neuromuscular characteristics play a critical role in distance running performance; however, their relationship with running economy (RE) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlations between 1 repetition maximum (1RM) strength, eccentric strength, reactive strength, leg stiffness, and RE at 12–16 km·h−1 among well-trained male runners. Twenty-eight male collegiate distance runners participated in test sessions on 3 separate days. In the first session, their 1RM squat strength, countermovement jump (CMJ), and drop jump performances were measured. In the second session, the leg press (LP) eccentric and concentric peak force, and leg stiffness (Kleg) were evaluated. In the final session, 12, 14, and 16 km·h−1 RE, blood lactate concentration, and maximum oxygen uptake were measured. There were significant relationships between the LP eccentric peak force, eccentric:concentric peak force ratios (Efl:Cex), RE at speeds of 12, 14, and 16 km·h−1 (r = −0.527 to −0.630; p < 0.01), reactive strength index (r = −0.419 to −0.572; p < 0.05), and Kleg (r = −0.686 to −0.761; p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with RE at 12, 14, and 16 km·h−1. No significant association was found between LP concentric peak force, 1RM squat strength, CMJ, and RE at any speed (p > 0.05). Superior RE among distance runners may be related to greater eccentric strength, elastic energy utilization, and stiffer lower limbs during running but not to maximal muscle strength per se. Coaches should focus on these neuromuscular characteristics to improve running performance.
Validação do instrumento “teste seu cérebro” para idosos: versão para Ipad
Authors: De Freitas Francelise , Leal-Conceição Eduardo , Portuguez Mirna Wetters 
Published: December 2019

AIMS: Validate the application for iPad (Apple, California, USA) “Teste seu Cérebro” as well as establish cutoff point between normal seniors and Mild Neurocognitive Impairment.METHODS: In a prospective cross-sectional study, elderly subjects who attended the neuropsychology clinic of a tertiary health hospital in the southern region of Brazil and the community in general underwent cognitive assessment using two instruments: the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Gold Standard Test) and the “Teste seu Cérebro”. These results served as a parameter to validate the said application from a diagnostic test and to establish the cutoff point between normal elderly and mild cognitive impairment; the following statistical measures were determined: sensitivity and specificity, internal consistency and reliability reached by the McDonald’s Omega coefficient and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, respectively. The average “Teste seu Cérebro” cutoff point to detect cases classified as mild neurocognitive impairment by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was obtained through the ROC curve. Evaluations include functions such as memory, attention / orientation, fluency, language, and visuospatial skills. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 104 participants with mean age of 70.3 (standard deviation = 6.6), with a minimum age of 60 and a maximum of 87 years. An acceptable reliability was achieved for the “Teste seu Cérebro” application by analyzing the internal consistency. In the comparison between the general scores of the two instruments (Teste seu Cérebro and Montreal Cognitive Assessment), where the result showed a statistically significant correlation, positive and classified as moderate. The cutoff point of the “Teste seu Cérebro” scores that best discriminated patients with mild neurocognitive impairment diagnosed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was 89.5%, that is, scores below or equal to that percentage reached higher sensitivity and specificity for the instrument. No influence of sociodemographic variables such as sex, age and schooling were identified on the linearity relationship between the “Teste seu Cérebro” and Montreal Cognitive Assessment instruments. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the “Teste seu Cérebro” instrument can be safely used to identify early and accurately the presence of Mild Neurocognitive Impairment in the elderly population. New studies will be directed to the validation of the instrument “Teste seu Cérebro” in the identification of other types of cognitive disorders, in addition to Mild Neurocognitive Impairment.
Toxoplasmose: assistência pré-natal sob a abordagem da rede cegonha em Itaparica-Bahia-Brasil entre 2013 a 2016
Authors: Nascimento Priscila Da Hora , Conceição Mara Costa , Brandão Ana Clara Silva , Carneiro Pedro Paulo Oliveira , Costa Rúbia Suely Santana 
Published: December 2019

Introdução: A toxoplasmose é uma doença infecciosa de grande importância clínica para gestantes devido à possibilidade de transmissão congênita. A rede cegonha é uma estratégia utilizada para assistência ao pré-natal inserida na atenção básica à saúde, tem finalidade de reduzir índices de mortalidade materna e neonatal.Objetivo: Estabelecer a relação entre o processo de diagnóstico sorológico para toxoplasmose em gestantes e a atuação da rede cegonha.Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de caráter descritivo retrospectivo de base documental, constituído por 461 prontuários de gestantes atendidas no período de 2013 a 2016 no município de Itaparica/BA. Abordam dados clínicos e epidemiológicos das gestantes inseridas na rede cegonha e vinculadas a uma das unidades de saúde da família de Itaparica/BA.Resultados: Foram identificadas 302 (65,5%) gestantes que realizaram sorologia para toxoplasmose, sendo que 3,65% foram susceptíveis, 11,6% imunes, 1,3% com possível infecção aguda e 83,45% tiveram perfil clínico inconcluso para toxoplasmose.Conclusão: A rede cegonha facilita o acesso ao acompanhamento pré-natal e diagnóstico sorológico. No entanto, há dificuldades no que se refere à realização de exames que auxiliem a conclusão diagnóstica.
Target announcer voice detection by shcoolchildren of different psychophysiological status in case of vocal competition
Authors: Erkudov Valeriy O. , Ogorodnikova Elena A. , Pugovkin Andrey P. , Sergeev Ivan V. , Slyaptsova Tatiana N. , Kundrat Eugenia O. , Lupanova Paulina A. , Pakhomova Maria A. , Denisenko Marya D. , Balashov Aleksey L. 
Published: December 2019

Management of variability of the cardiac rhythm (VCR) is widely applied as a marker of psycho emotional state in educational institutions. This approach is suitable for testing properties of the pupils for the detection of vocal signals.
The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of VCR as an objective parameter corresponded with psycho-emotional tension and acoustic perception of the speech in youngsters under sophisticated condition of the competition between vocal signals pronounced by different individuals.
Methods. VCR was measured in 44 male and female youngsters 1316 years old with the comparison of identification of competing acoustic signals random sequences of words simultaneously pronounced by male or female voice. VCR analysis provided distinction the prevalence of sympathetic versus parasympathetic tone reflecting high or moderate level of psycho-emotional tension.
Results. Identification of target words pronounced by female voice in subjects with prevalence of sympathetic or parasympathetic tone was correct in 96% and 87% respectively. Target words pronounced by the male voice were correctly identified in 88% cases in both groups. It is suggested that in primary schools where women compose majority of teachers, the developing juvenile brain imprints the corresponding acoustic wave band. Under the conditions of psycho-emotional tension these links are realized with maximal effectiveness.
Desafíos fiscales originados por la globalización de la economía y los esquemas de planificación fiscal agresiva
Authors: Espinosa Taipe Danny Lenin , Hoyos Navas Katherine Estefanía 
Published: December 2019

En los últimos años, la economía mundial se ha visto obligada a evolucionar por diferentes factores, tal como el génesis de la economía digital, el fortalecimiento de relaciones comerciales internacionales y la búsqueda perenne de los inversores de capital por obtener mayores rendimientos. Todo esto ha dinamizado los mercados internacionales, lo cual de una u otra forma produce efectos fiscales, y es aquí donde entra en juego la planificación tributaria, la cual no es más que un esquema estratégico derivado del estudio y análisis de las ventajas o beneficios fiscales que una persona podría gozar por realizar sus actividades comerciales tomando en cuenta su domicilio, el tipo de actividad que realice, el vehículo societario que utilice, la estructuración societaria que forme, entre otros factores.

Sin embargo, muchos han intentado obtener beneficios tributarios abusivos, mediante interpretaciones desmedidas de la Ley, lagunas normativas, tax rulings, evasión y elusión fiscal, además de tantos otros mecanismos. La aplicación de estos esquemas resulta en que los contribuyentes realicen escasa o nula tributación, lo cual afecta a las administraciones tributarias de forma global.

Por tanto, con el presente artículo pretendemos realizar un análisis sobre los principales desafíos originados por la planificación fiscal agresiva y casos en que contribuyentes han obtenido beneficios tributarios millonarios por la aplicación de este tipo de estrategias. Adicionalmente, se analizará qué medidas se están tomando mundialmente para combatir la planificación fiscal agresiva, para finalmente enfocarnos en la aplicación de estos preceptos en el plano ecuatoriano, acompañado de un breve estudio sobre la legislación interna que busca limitar el uso exagerado de beneficios tributarios.
ACÚMULO DE FITOMASSA DO MILHO APÓS O ESPIGAMENTO EM FUNÇÃO DO PARCELAMENTO DA COBERTURA NITROGENADA
Authors: SANGOI LUIS , PANISON FERNANDO , DURLI MURILO MIGUEL , LEOLATO LUCIELI SANTINI , COELHO ANTONIO EDUARDO , KUNESKI HUGO FRANÇOIS , OLIVEIRA VANDER DE LIZ 
Published: December 2019

RESUMO – O fracionamento da adubação nitrogenada é uma estratégia que pode aumentar o acúmulo de massa nosgrãos do milho. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos do parcelamento da cobertura nitrogenada sobre o acúmulode fitomassa nas folhas, colmos e grãos após o espigamento do milho. O experimento foi implantado em Lages-SC.Foram testados dois híbridos (P30F53YH e P1680YH) e seis sistemas de aplicação do nitrogênio: testemunha semN, todo N aplicado em V5, V10 ou VT (pendoamento), ½ N em V5 + ½ N em V10, 1/3 N em V5 + 1/3 N em V10 +1/3 N em VT. A dose de N foi de 300 kg ha-1. Avaliou-se o acúmulo de fitomassa aos 0, 14, 28, 42, 56 e 70 dias apóso espigamento. A massa seca dos grãos dos dois híbridos aumentou linearmente em todos os sistemas testados. Asmaiores taxas de incremento (2,4 a 2,7 g dia-1) foram obtidas com a aplicação integral de N em V5 e as menores (1,5a 1,6 g dia-1) na testemunha. O fracionamento da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura em três estádios fenológicos nãoaumentou a massa dos grãos, em relação à fertilização feita integralmente em V5 ou V10.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, enchimento de grãos, cultivares, fenologia, nitrogênio. MAIZE DRY MASS ACCUMULATION AFTER SILKING AS AFFECTEDBY THE SPLITTING OF NITROGEN SIDE-DRESS FERTILIZATIONABSTRAT- The splitting of nitrogen fertilization is a strategy that can increase kernel dry mass accumulation of maize.This work was carried out aiming to evaluate the effects of splitting nitrogen side-dress fertilization on leaf, stem andgrain dry mass accumulation after maize silking. The experiment was set in Lages, SC, South of Brazil. Two hybrids(P30F53YH and P1680YH) and six nitrogen fertilization systems were tested: control without N, all N side-dressed atV5, V10 or VT (tasseling), ½ N at V5 + ½ N at V10, 1/3 N at V5 + 1/3 N at V10 + 1/3 N at VT. Nitrogen rate was 300kg ha-1. Dry mass accumulation was determined at 0, 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 days after silking. The kernel dry mass ofboth hybrids increased linearly at all six N fertilization systems. The highest increment rates (2.4 to 2.7 g day-1) wereachieved when all N was side-dressed at V5. The lowest rates (1.5 to 1.6 g day-1) were registered in the control. Thesplitting of nitrogen side-dress fertilization in three growth stages did not increase kernel dry mass, when compared tothe fertilization carried out entirely at V5 or V10.Keywords: Zea mays, grain filling, hybrids, phenology, nitrogen.
The Role and Reason Why Armenians Were Selected as Iranian Businessmen During the Shah Abbas's Era
Authors: Karimi Zainullah 
Published: December 2019

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the function of the Armenians merchant during the Safavid period. Shah Abbas turned to Armenian merchants to implement a silk monopoly policy. This approach also turned to Armenian personal and social experiences and characteristics. The abundance of silk production and its importance as export and strategic commodity, it has led to the adoption of its monopoly policy by Shah Abbas I. (1588-1629). (Falsafi, 77) Followed by the use of qualified Armenian merchants were implement this policy. Hence, it is a question of how the Armenian merchants played a role in the economy and politics of the Safavid. For a closer look at this role, after looking at the little silk collection bag, it has been tried to explain the reasons for the silk monopoly policy as well as the reasons for the use of Armenian businessmen as executors of this policy. Armenian merchants with their individual and group capabilities have been able to find new markets for Iranian silk in global markets. Accordingly, the study of the Armenian merchants shows that they not only affected Iran's foreign relations and foreign policy but also expanded foreign trade, increased imports of money and goods, the establishment of a balance in foreign trade and the economic situation the social business of the merchants also promoted silk work.
Adolescencia como factor de riesgo para complicaciones maternas y perinatales en Cali, Colombia, 2002-2007. Estudio de corte transversal
Authors: Congote-Arango Lina María , Vélez-García María Adelaida , Restrepo-Orrego Lisandro , Cubides-Munevar Ángela , Cifuentes-Borrero Rodrigo 
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: evaluar la adolescencia como factor de riesgo para complicaciones maternas y perinatales en Cali, Colombia, 2002-2007.Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal, realizado en 29.158 mujeres gestantes de 34 años o menores atendidas en los años 2002-2007 en la red pública del municipio de Santiago de Cali en los tres niveles de atención. Incluyó la base de datos del tercer nivel y una muestra representativa del primer y segundo nivel. Se evaluaron como desenlaces maternos: los trastornos hipertensivos, las alteraciones metabólicas, las hemorragias, las infecciones y las condiciones del parto; como resultados perinatales: la infección, la enfermedad de membrana hialina, el bajo peso al nacer, la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino, la muerte intrauterina y las alteraciones nutricionales. El análisis incluyó la exploración de las variables y el cálculo de la razón de oportunidad e intervalos de confianza del 95%, al comparar madres adolescentes y adultas con resultados materno y perinatales.Resultados: la adolescencia es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar eclampsia (OR = 2,09; IC 95%: 1,48-2,94) con respecto a madres mayores de 20 años y es factor de riesgo para restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (OR = 1,23; IC 95%: 1,08-1,41) En contraste, ser adolescente es un factor protector para el desarrollo de preeclampsia (OR = 0,88; IC 95%: 0,08-0,95) y para muerte intrauterina (OR = 0,84; IC 95%: 0,72-0,99).Conclusiones: el embarazo en la adolescencia incrementa el riesgo para eclampsia y restricción de crecimiento intrauterino, no así para otras morbilidades maternas o perinatales.
Diagnóstico prenatal de la colelitiasis fetal. Reporte de casos y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Molina-Giraldo Saulo , Bermúdes-Roa Jesús , Pinzón Walter Enrique , Torres Luis Clovis , Alfonso Diana Alejandra 
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: realizar el reporte de una serie de casos evaluados a través de ecografía convencional y Examen Tridimensional Extendido (3DXI), y realizar una revisión de la literatura respecto a las imágenes más frecuentes de la ecografía de 2 y 3D, y métodos diagnósticos complementarios.Materiales y métodos: se presenta el reporte de tres casos evaluados en la Unidad de Medicina Materno-Fetal de la Clínica Colsubsidio Orquídeas, centro de referencia de nivel III que atiende población embarazada de alto riesgo obstétrico perteneciente al régimen contributivo. Ninguno de los casos se asoció con hallazgo de malformaciones y su evolución fue favorable. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura con base en las palabras clave: colelitiasis fetal, vesícula biliar fetal, barro biliar fetal y diagnóstico prenatal, en las bases de datos Pubmed, Ebsco, Ovid, Proquest desde el año 1980 al 2011. Se incluyeron artículos de revisión, reporte de casos, estudios de validez diagnóstica o estudios de corte transversal publicados durante el mismo periodo.Resultados: se encontraron 41 artículos de los cuales se incluyeron 25 correspondientes a: series de casos (9), revisiones (9), estudios de exactitud diagnóstica (7). El diagnóstico de colelitiasis se hace durante el final del segundo o inicio del tercer trimestre de gestación en el examen de vigilancia y crecimiento fetal, y requiere que sea corroborado posnatalmente. No se han documentado complicaciones asociadas a este diagnóstico en vida posnatal. Generalmente tiene buena evolución prenatal y posnatal, sin secuelas en el futuro y con resolución espontánea. Solo un estudio refiere la resonancia nuclear magnética como una opción posnatal. Los métodos tipo resonancia magnética dinámica (DMR) y 3DXI no fueron referidos en la literatura.Conclusión: la colelitiasis fetal es un hallazgo incidental aunque el diagnóstico generalmente se realiza con ecografía 2D; el examen tridimensional extendido podría ser una nueva herramienta diagnóstica para tener en cuenta como alternativa complementaria en el diagnóstico prenatal.