bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root morphology, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of coffee cultivars and progenies are altered by Meloidogyne paranaensis infestation and water deficit
Authors: Pasqualotto Alan Teixeira , Salgado Sônia Maria de Lima , Terra Willian César , Fatobene Bárbhara Joana dos Reis , Silveira Helbert Rezende de Oliveira , Santos Meline Oliveira , Campos Vicente Paulo , Silva Vânia Aparecida 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClimate change greatly influences coffee production, especially in areas infested with plant‐parasitic nematodes. In this study, coffee genotypes showed differences in their morphological and physiological characteristics when subjected to a water deficit and parasitism by Meloidogyne paranaensis. The cultivar IPR 100 had the largest superficial and volumetric root system area, even when parasitized. The two progenies (MG 0179‐1 and MG 0179‐3) and the cultivar Catuaí IAC 62 had a similar surface area (p < .05) when parasitized. However, the root surface area and volume of MG 0179‐3 increased by 96% and 400%, respectively, when parasitized by M. paranaensis. On the other hand, Catuaí IAC 62 had a 31% reduction in root surface area. Catuai 62 and IPR 100 showed higher sensitivity to drought when parasitized because of the increased photochemical sensitivity and reduction in photochemical quenching. In MG 0179‐1 and MG 0179‐3, an increase in non‐photochemical quenching occurred in response to stress, indicating that these progenies use a photochemical response to protect photosystem II. In this work, MG 0179‐3, which is resistant to M. paranaensis, was remarkable because, interestingly, the infestation caused an increase in its root surface area. In addition, MG 0179‐3 had relatively good photochemical performance under water deficit and M. paranaensis parasitism.
Evaluation of fungicides to control potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) in the plains of Nepal
Authors: Khadka Ram Bahadur , Chaulagain Bhim , Subedi Surendra , Marasini Madan , Rawal Ranjana , Pathak Narayan , Gautam Ishwori Prasad , Chapagain Tika Ram , Khatri Bhim Bahadur , Sharma‐Poudyal Dipak 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFungicide application is an effective management option to control late blight of potato (caused by Phytophthora infestans). Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of recently introduced and previously used fungicides on late blight management and potato yields in the western plains of Nepal in 2015 and 2016 crop seasons. Fungicides and a non‐treated control (NTC) were replicated three times in a randomized block design planted with late blight susceptible cultivar Cardinal. Chlorothalonil, copper oxychloride, dimethomorph, fenamidone + mancozeb, mancozeb and metalaxyl were sprayed in 2015. In 2016, carbendazim was used instead of chlorothalonil. The area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was consistently reduced in years by dimethomorph (90% and 65% in 2015 and 2016, respectively), fenamidone + mancozeb (68% and 62%) and mancozeb (40% and 47%) compared with the NTC. Similarly, tuber yield was increased with the application of dimethomorph (266% and 146% in 2015 and 2016, respectively), fenamidone + mancozeb (211% and 155%) and mancozeb (136% and 116%) compared with the NTC. Chlorothalonil reduced AUDPC by 43% and increased tuber yield by 170% in 2015. Other fungicides either had inconsistent results or did not reduce late blight severity and consequent effects on potato yield. The overall benefit–cost ratio was highest for dimethomorph in both years. These results show efficacy of dimethomorph, fenamidone + mancozeb and mancozeb in reducing late blight severity and increasing potato tuber yield in the plains of Nepal.
Elevated Interleukin‐17A expression in amlodipine‐induced gingival overgrowth
Authors: Sume Siddika Selva , Berker Ezel , Ilarslan Yagmur , Ozer Yucel Ozlem , Tan Cagman , Goyushov Samir , Gultekin Sibel E. , Tezcan Ilhan 
Published: March 2020

Background and objectivesAmlodipine, a calcium channel blocker derivative, is frequently used by patients with high blood pressure. Studies reported that it can induce gingival overgrowth. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully described yet. Interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A) is known as a proinflammatory cytokine, but current studies indicate that it has a role in fibrotic disorders and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). The aim of this study was to figure out the possible role of IL‐17A in amlodipine‐induced gingival overgrowth.Materials and methodsTwenty‐nine (29) individuals participated in the study, and they were assigned into 3 groups based on medical status and clinical periodontal examination; 9 patients with amlodipine‐induced gingival overgrowth, 11 patients with inflammatory gingival overgrowth, and 9 healthy individuals as a control group. Clinical periodontal parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and gingival overgrowth index (GOI) were recorded. Blood and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained. Gingival tissues were taken by appropriate periodontal surgery following initial periodontal therapy. To detect IL‐17A on tissue samples, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed. Quantitative analysis was done, and the expression level of IL‐17A was given as the percent positively stained cells. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to analyze IL‐17A in serum and GCF samples.ResultsAll recorded clinical parameters were significantly higher in gingival overgrowth groups compared with control. Evaluation of inflammation on tissue sections did not show any significant change within the groups. Immunohistochemistry findings showed that IL‐17A expression was increased in amlodipine samples (81.90%) compared with control samples (42.35%) (P < .001). There was an increase in the inflammatory group (66.08%) which is significantly less than the amlodipine group (P < .05). IL‐17A levels in serum and GCF samples were not different within the study groups.ConclusionIn this study, elevated IL‐17A expression regardless of inflammation shows that amlodipine might cause an increase of IL‐17A in gingival tissues. This increase might induce fibrotic changes and EMT in gingival overgrowth tissues. The association of IL‐17A with fibrosis and EMT in gingival tissues requires further investigation.
Staff attitudes to and compliance with the use of a surgical safety checklist
Authors: Kilbane H. , Oxtoby C. , Tivers M. S. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate staff attitudes to the use of a surgical safety checklist in a small animal operating room and to gain insight into barriers to use.Materials and MethodsA questionnaire was designed and used to assess attitudes of 36 operating room personnel to the checklist. The checklist was retrospectively audited on 984 patients over an 8‐month period to investigate compliance.ResultsResponses were obtained from 100% of operating room personnel. Attitudes to the checklist were positive, with 83.4% agreeing that it improved teamwork and 100% agreed that the checklist improved patient safety, reduced error and was best practice. Most personnel (94%) believed that a completed checklist was used for every procedure. Several barriers were highlighted, including issues of hierarchy and team‐working and lack of training. 984 checklists were used during the study period with 83 (8.4%) being fully completed.Clinical SignificanceSurgical safety checklists have potential to improve patient safety in veterinary operating rooms. However, appropriate design and implementation are critical and surgeons should endeavour to support checklist use.
Adaptive genetic variation to drought in a widely distributed conifer suggests a potential for increasing forest resilience in a drying climate
Authors: Depardieu Claire , Girardin Martin P. , Nadeau Simon , Lenz Patrick , Bousquet Jean , Isabel Nathalie 
Published: March 2020

Summary

Drought intensity and frequency are increasing under global warming, with soil water availability now being a major factor limiting tree growth in circumboreal forests. Still, the adaptive capacity of trees in the face of future climatic regimes remains poorly documented.

Using 1481 annually resolved tree‐ring series from 29‐yr‐old trees, we evaluated the drought sensitivity of 43 white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) populations established in a common garden experiment.

We show that genetic variation among populations in response to drought plays a significant role in growth resilience. Local genetic adaptation allowed populations from drier geographical origins to grow better, as indicated by higher resilience to extreme drought events, compared with populations from more humid geographical origins. The substantial genetic variation found for growth resilience highlights the possibility of selecting for drought resilience in boreal conifers.

As a major research outcome, we showed that adaptive genetic variation in response to changing local conditions can shape drought vulnerability at the intraspecific level. Our findings have wide implications for forest ecosystem management and conservation.
Assessment of trends of land surface vegetation distribution, snow cover and temperature over entire Himachal Pradesh using MODIS datasets
Authors: Haq Mohd Anul , Baral Prashant , Yaragal Shivaprakash , Rahaman Gazi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe examine spatial and temporal variability in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), snow cover and land surface temperature (LST) in Himachal Pradesh between 2001 and 2017 using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) datasets. Mann–Kendall trend tests and Sen's slope estimates indicate increasing NDVI trends during the postmonsoon period. Increasing snow cover trend is observed during winter and premonsoon whereas decreasing annual LST trends are observed for Himachal Pradesh. Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC) indicate a strong positive correlation between NDVI and LST (PCC = .808) and strong negative correlation between LST and snow cover (PCC = −.809) and NDVI and snow cover (PCC = −.838). Coefficient of determination greater than .90, between MODIS LST and snow cover observations and weather station records, indicate fair representation of ground conditions using the MODIS dataset. Low (2.4°C/1,000 m) and steep (7.1°C/1,000 m) temperature lapse rate is observed during monsoon and winter, respectively.
Novel finite element‐based plate design for bridging mandibular defects: Reducing mechanical failure
Authors: Merema Bram B. J. , Kraeima Joep , de Visscher Sebastiaan A. H. J. , van Minnen Baucke , Spijkervet Fred K. L. , Schepman Kees‐Pieter , Witjes Max J. H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionWhen the application of a free vascularised flap is not possible, a segmental mandibular defect is often reconstructed using a conventional reconstruction plate. Mechanical failure of such reconstructions is mostly caused by plate fracture and screw pull‐out. This study aims to develop a reliable, mechanically superior, yet slender patient‐specific reconstruction plate that reduces failure due to these causes.Patients and MethodsEight patients were included in the study. Indications were as follows: fractured reconstruction plate (2), loosened screws (1) and primary reconstruction of a mandibular continuity defect (5). Failed conventional reconstructions were studied using finite element analysis (FEA). A 3D virtual surgical plan (3D‐VSP) with a novel patient‐specific (PS) titanium plate was developed for each patient. Postoperative CBCT scanning was performed to validate reconstruction accuracy.ResultsAll PS plates were placed accurately according to the 3D‐VSP. Mean 3D screw entry point deviation was 1.54 mm (SD: 0.85, R: 0.10–3.19), and mean screw angular deviation was 5.76° (SD: 3.27, R: 1.26–16.62). FEA indicated decreased stress and screw pull‐out inducing forces. No mechanical failures appeared (mean follow‐up: 16 months, R: 7–29).ConclusionReconstructing mandibular continuity defects with bookshelf‐reconstruction plates with FEA underpinning the design seems to reduce the risk of screw pull‐out and plate fractures.
Enhanced exudation of malate in the rhizosphere due to AtALMT1 overexpression in blackgram (Vignamungo L.) confers increased aluminium tolerance
Authors: Saha B. , Swain D. , Borgohain P. , Rout G. R. , Koyama H. , Panda S. K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Worldwide, 50% of soil is acidic, which induces aluminium (Al) toxicity in plants, as the phyto‐availability of Al3+ increases in acidic soil. Plants responds to Al3+ toxicity by exuding organic acids into the rhizosphere. The organic acid responsible for Al3+ stress response varies from species to species, which in the case of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) is citrate.

In blackgram, an Arabidopsis malate transporter, AtALMT1, was overexpressed with the motive of inducing enhanced exudation of malate. Transgenics were generated using cotyledon node explants through Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transformation. The putative transgenics were initially screened by AtALMT1‐specific genomic DNA PCR, followed by quantitative PCR. Two independent transgenic events were identified and functionally characterized in the T3 generation.

The transgenic lines, Line 1 and 2, showed better root growth, relative water content and chlorophyll content under Al3+ stress. Both lines also accounted for less oxidative damage, due to reduced accumulation of ROS molecules. Photosynthetic efficiency, as measured in terms of Fv/Fm, NPQ and Y(II), increased when compared to the wild type (WT). Relative expression of genes (VmSTOP1, VmALS3, VmMATE) responsible for Al3+ stress response in blackgram showed that overexpression of a malate transporter did not have any effect on their expression. Malate exudation increased whereas citrate exudation did not show any divergence from the WT. A pot stress assay found that the transgenics showed better adaptation to acidic soil.

This report demonstrates that the overexpression of a malate transporter in a non‐malate exuding species improves adaptation to Al3+ toxicity in acidic soil without effecting its stress response mechanism.
Finding our way: Issues and challenges in interreligious teaching and learning
Authors: Berling Judith 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the major findings of the Interreligious Education an Pedagogy Project report and the primary pedagogical issues raised in the subsequent book Experiments in Empathy for our Time. It lifts up up the trends, opportunities, issues, and challenges in interreligious education. Schools developing initiatives in interreligious education may consult the full report on the Graduate Theological Union website (www.gtu.edu) to consider the full range of models, or to the book to explore various pedagogical issues. The website will also eventually house examples of course syllabi and information about interreligious learning events and resources.
Leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase II phylogenetics reveals five main clades throughout the plant kingdom
Authors: Hosseini Samin , Schmidt Ed D. L. , Bakker Freek T. 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYReceptor‐like kinases (RLKs) represent the largest group of cell surface receptors in plants. The monophyletic leucine‐rich repeat (LRR)‐RLK subfamily II is considered to contain the somatic embryogenesis receptor kinases (SERKs) and NSP‐interacting kinases known to be involved in developmental processes and cellular immunity in plants. There are only a few published studies on the phylogenetics of LRR‐RLKII; unfortunately these suffer from poor taxon/gene sampling. Hence, it is not clear how many and what main clades this family contains, let alone what structure–function relationships exist. We used 1342 protein sequences annotated as ‘SERK’ and ‘SERK‐like’ plus related sequences in order to estimate phylogeny within the LRR‐RLKII clade, using the nematode protein kinase Pelle as an outgroup. We reconstruct five main clades (LRR‐RLKII 1–5), in each of which the main pattern of land plant relationships re‐occurs, confirming previous hypotheses that duplication events happened in this gene subfamily prior to divergence among land plant lineages. We show that domain structures and intron–exon boundaries within the five clades are well conserved in evolution. Furthermore, phylogenetic patterns based on the separate LRR and kinase parts of LRR‐RLKs are incongruent: whereas the LRR part supports a LRR‐RLKII 2/3 sister group relationship, the kinase part supports clades 1/2. We infer that the kinase part includes few ‘radical’ amino acid changes compared with the LRR part. Finally, our results confirm that amino acids involved in each LRR‐RLKII–receptor complex interaction are located at N‐capping residues, and that the short amino acid motifs of this interaction domain are highly conserved throughout evolution within the five LRR‐RLKII clades.
The prevalence and demographic determinants of blood donors receiving testosterone replacement therapy at a large USA blood service organization
Authors: Hazegh Kelsey , Bravo Marjorie D. , Kamel Hany , Dumont Larry , Kanias Tamir 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUNDBlood donors receiving testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) often require therapeutic phlebotomy due to erythrocytosis. Red blood cells (RBCs) donated by eligible TRT donors are approved for collection and transfusion. This study was aimed at defining the prevalence and demographic determinants of TRT donors at a large USA blood service organization.STUDY DESIGNDonation data from TRT donors and matched controls was collected from a de‐identified electronic donor database across 16 blood centers in 2017‐2018. Demographic determinants included race, sex, age, hemoglobin (Hb), body mass index (BMI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and the frequency of donations in the 2‐year period.RESULTSTRT donors comprised 1.6% of the donor population and produced 2.2% of RBC units during 2018. TRT donors were likely to be middle‐aged white or Hispanic men, with high prevalence of obesity (50.8% of TRT donors had BMI ≥30 kg/m2 compared with 36.2% in controls) and intensive donation frequency (1 to 29 donations in 2 years vs. 1 to 12 in controls). TRT donors had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher MAP and Hb compared with controls (MAP 99.9 ± 9.81 vs. 96.5 ± 10.1 mmHg; Hb 17.8 ± 1.44 vs. 15.6 ± 1.37 g/dL). One year of donations was associated with significant decreases in MAP and Hb for TRT donors.CONCLUSIONSTRT is associated with high prevalence of erythrocytosis and obesity that may explain the intensive donation frequency, high MAP, and Hb. Frequent phlebotomies had a moderately positive effect on blood pressure and Hb levels. Potential implications of TRT on the quality of the RBC products require further evaluation.
Translanguaging, language ontology, and civil rights
Authors: MacSwan Jeff 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe author presents a critique of the deconstructivist perspective on translanguaging, which doubts the ontology of discrete speech communities. This paper argues that such a position is inconsistent with a civil rights orientation on language education policy. The paper identifies three aspects of translanguaging –conceptual, pedagogical, andtheoretical. It argues that one approach to translanguaging theory, which accepts the deconstructivist perspective on language ontology, is at odds with a civil rights orientation, the backbone of language education policy in the US. The author argues instead for a linguistically and sociolinguistically robust theory of translanguaging. [Correction added on 20 March 2020, after first online publication: Second and fourth sentences in this abstract section have been edited for consistency.]
Modal and Forced Response Analysis of Vehicle Systems With Latent Vibration Modes Due to Hydraulic Mounts
Authors: Sakong Hyeon Gyu , Hur Gyunchul , Kim Kwang-Joon , Jeon Wonju 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Hydraulic mounts used in vehicles for better isolation of vibrations were often approximated by lumped or mechanical mass-damper-spring (m-c-k) models, although deficiency in such modeling was pointed out and “hydraulic” modeling was proposed as an alternative. In this paper, a brief review on the mechanical m-c-k modeling and “hydraulic” modeling of the hydraulic mounts is presented. A simplest system consisting of a single mass and a hydraulic mount is used to illustrate both equivalence and difference in a closed form between the two modeling approaches. Then, modal analyses are done on an apparently three degrees-of-freedom (DOF) quarter car with a hydraulic mount, where the key idea is to use an internal variable for the movement of fluid mass which is responsible for a “latent” vibration mode. Equations of motion for the apparently 3DOF system, 4DOF system in fact, by the two modeling are formulated. Modal parameters by the proposed “hydraulic” modeling of the hydraulic mount are compared with those by the m-c-k modeling. Forced responses to transient base excitations are also compared between the two modeling approaches to illustrate how much errors can arise in the frequency and time domain analysis. To be more realistic, the modal and forced response analysis on a full car of an apparently 10DOF (3DOF for powertrain, 3DOF for car body, and 4DOF for knuckles and tires) with two more DOF internally for two hydraulic mounts between the powertrain and car body is presented.
Orifice Diameter Effects on Diesel Fuel Jet Flame Structure
Authors: Pickett Lyle M. , Siebers Dennis L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The effects of orifice diameter on several aspects of diesel fuel jet flame structure were investigated in a constant-volume combustion vessel under heavy-duty, direct-injection (DI) diesel engine conditions using Phillips research grade #2 diesel fuel and orifice diameters ranging from 45 μm to 180 μm. The overall flame structure was visualized with time-averaged OH chemiluminescence and soot luminosity images acquired during the quasi-steady portion of the diesel combustion event that occurs after the transient premixed burn is completed and the flame length is established. The lift-off length, defined as the farthest upstream location of high-temperature combustion, and the flame length were determined from the OH chemiluminescence images. In addition, relative changes in the amount of soot formed for various conditions were determined from the soot incandescence images.
Combined with previous investigations of liquid-phase fuel penetration and spray development, the results show that air entrainment upstream of the lift-off length (relative to the amount of fuel injected) is very sensitive to orifice diameter. As orifice diameter decreases, the relative air entrainment upstream of the lift-off length increases significantly. The increased relative air entrainment results in a reduced overall average equivalence ratio in the fuel jet at the lift-off length and reduced soot luminosity downstream of the lift-off length. The reduced soot luminosity indicates that the amount of soot formed relative to the amount of fuel injected decreases with orifice diameter. The flame lengths determined from the images agree well with gas jet theory for momentum-driven, non-premixed turbulent flames.