bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Telehealth-supported, Integrated care with CHWs, and MEdication-access (TIME) Program for Diabetes Improves HbA1c: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Vaughan Elizabeth M. , Hyman David J. , Naik Aanand D. , Samson Susan L. , Razjouyan Javad , Foreyt John P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany individuals with diabetes live in low- or middle-income settings. Glycemic control is challenging, particularly in resource-limited areas that face numerous healthcare barriers.ObjectiveTo compare HbA1c outcomes for individuals randomized to TIME, aTelehealth-supported,Integrated care with CHWs (Community Health Workers), andMEdication-access program (intervention) versus usual care (wait-list control).DesignRandomized clinical trial.ParticipantsLow-income Latino(a) adults with type 2 diabetes.InterventionsTIME consisted of (1) CHW-participant telehealth communication via mobile health (mHealth) for 12 months, (2) CHW-led monthly group visits for 6 months, and (3) weekly CHW-physician diabetes training and support via telehealth (video conferencing).Main MeasuresInvestigators compared TIME versus control participant baseline to month 6 changes of HbA1c (primary outcome), blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), weight, and adherence to seven American Diabetes Association (ADA) standards of care. CHW assistance in identifying barriers to healthcare in the intervention group were measured at the end of mHealth communication (12 months).Key ResultsA total of 89 individuals participated. TIME individuals compared to control participants had significant HbA1c decreases (9.02 to 7.59% (− 1.43%) vs. 8.71 to 8.26% (− 0.45%), respectively,p = 0.002), blood pressure changes (systolic: − 6.89 mmHg vs. 0.03 mmHg,p = 0.023; diastolic: − 3.36 mmHg vs. 0.2 mmHg, respectively,p = 0.046), and ADA guideline adherence (p < 0.001) from baseline to month 6. At month 6, more TIME than control participants achieved> 0.50% HbA1c reductions (88.57% vs. 43.75%,p < 0.001). BMI and weight changes were not significant between groups. Many (54.6%) TIME participants experienced> 1 barrier to care, of whom 91.7% had medication issues. CHWs identified the majority (87.5%) of barriers.ConclusionsTIME participants resulted in improved outcomes including HbA1c. CHWs are uniquely positioned to identify barriers to care particularly related to medications that may have gone unrecognized otherwise. Larger trials are needed to determine the scalability and sustainability of the intervention.Clinical TrialNCT03394456, accessed athttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03394456
Modelling students’ academic confidence, personality and academic emotions
Authors: Sander Paul , de la Fuente Jesús 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe research presented here is founded on the Big Five trait approach to personality which has been shown to be related to academic success, students’ academic confidence or self-efficacy and the emotions related to academic achievement.To explore whether Personality characteristics would be differentially associated with Academic Confidence and both would jointly predict Academic Emotions.A bespoke online platform was used to survey undergraduate students in two Spanish universities. The data was used to assess bivariate correlation and to build Structural Equation Models.A total of 1398 undergraduate students studying Psychology, Primary Education, or Educational Psychology degree programmes completed the validated Spanish version of the Academic Behavioural Confidence scale. Of those, 636 also completed a validated Spanish language scale to assess Personality along the Big Five dimensions and 551 of the 1398 students complete a validated Spanish language scale to assess Academic Emotions. A total of 527 students completed all three scales.The correlations showed that the student Personality traits of Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Agreeableness were significantly and positively related to their Academic Confidence whilst Neuroticism was negatively correlated with the degree of Academic Confidence. Similarly student Academic Confidence correlated positively with positive Academic Emotions and negatively with negative Academic Emotions. Structural Equation Modelling resulted in a model of excellent fit that linked the personality traits of Conscientiousness and Neuroticism with overall Academic Confidence and Academic Emotion scores. The methodological issues around the findings along with the implications for undergraduate learning and teaching are discussed.
Advances in low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technologies applied for characterization of pore space inside rocks: a critical review
Authors: Guo Jian-Chun , Zhou Hang-Yu , Zeng Jie , Wang Kun-Jie , Lai Jie , Liu Yu-Xuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
NMR serves as an important technique for probing rock pore space, such as pore structure characterization, fluid identification, and petrophysical property testing, due to the reusability of cores, convenience in sample processing, and time efficiency in laboratory tests. In practice, NMR signal collection is normally achieved through polarized nuclei relaxation which releases crucial relaxation messages for result interpretation. The impetus of this work is to help engineers and researchers with petroleum background obtain new insights into NMR principals and extend existing methodologies for characterization of unconventional formations. This article first gives a brief description of the development history of relaxation theories and models for porous media. Then, the widely used NMR techniques for characterizing petrophysical properties and pore structures are presented. Meanwhile, limitations and deficiencies of them are summarized. Finally, future work on improving these insufficiencies and approaches of enhancement applicability for NMR technologies are discussed.
An end-to-end graph convolutional kernel support vector machine
Authors: Corcoran Padraig 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA novel kernel-based support vector machine (SVM) for graph classification is proposed. The SVM feature space mapping consists of a sequence of graph convolutional layers, which generates a vector space representation for each vertex, followed by a pooling layer which generates a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) representation for the graph. The use of a RKHS offers the ability to implicitly operate in this space using a kernel function without the computational complexity of explicitly mapping into it. The proposed model is trained in a supervised end-to-end manner whereby the convolutional layers, the kernel function and SVM parameters are jointly optimized with respect to a regularized classification loss. This approach is distinct from existing kernel-based graph classification models which instead either use feature engineering or unsupervised learning to define the kernel function. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms existing deep learning baseline models on a number of datasets.
Endometriosis and Sexual Quality of Life
Authors: van Poll Mikal , van Barneveld Esther , Aerts Luca , Maas Jacques W.M. , Lim Arianne C. , de Greef Bianca T.A. , Bongers Marlies Y. , van Hanegem Nehalennia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease with a high disease burden and significant, multifaceted impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and sexual quality of life (SQoL).

Aim
To explore which patient- and disease-specific characteristics were independently associated with SQoL.

Methods
A literature search was carried out to identify characteristics with an evidence-based or hypothesized effect on SQoL. Subsequently, data on HRQoL in women with endometriosis (n = 224), collected between 2013 and 2018 in a prospective longitudinal Dutch cohort study performed in 7 referral centers, were used to perform a cross-sectional cohort study. Data were collected using an online self-administered survey including the validated Endometriosis Health Profile-30. Inclusion criteria were recently diagnosed endometriosis patients or newly referred patients with a clinical diagnosis of endometriosis. Patients were excluded in case of incomplete answers on the SQoL questions. Univariate analyses and multiple linear regression analyses were performed.

Outcomes
SQoL, measured by the 5-item “sexual intercourse” dimension score of the modular Endometriosis Health Profile-30 questionnaire, was the primary outcome with scores ranging from 0 to 100 (0 indicating the best and 100 indicating the worst health status).

Results
Based on a literature search, 29 characteristics potentially associated with SQoL were selected from the survey and included in the analyses. In total, 192 women (mean age 36 years) met the inclusion criteria. The majority of women (86.5%) had had intercourse in the period before completing the survey and the study population showed a mean SQoL score of 47.5 ± 29.6, indicating moderate SQoL. Worse SQoL was independently associated with dyspareunia (P &lt; .001), worse HRQoL (P = .001), severity of dysmenorrhea (P = .017), and unemployed work status (P = .022).

Conclusion
In a cohort of women with endometriosis, worse SQoL was significantly and independently associated with the presence of dyspareunia, more severe dysmenorrhea, worse HRQoL, and unemployed work status.
How to Philosophically Tackle Kinds without Talking about “Natural Kinds”
Authors: Brigandt Ingo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent rival attempts in the philosophy of science to put forward a general theory of the properties that all (and only) natural kinds across the sciences possess may have proven to be futile. Instead, I develop a general methodological framework for how to philosophically study kinds. Any kind has to be investigated and articulated together with the human aims that motivate referring to this kind, where different kinds in the same scientific domain can answer to different concrete aims. My core contention is that nonepistemic aims, including environmental, ethical, and political aims, matter as well. This is defended and illustrated based on several examples of kinds, with particular attention to the role of social-political aims: species, race, gender, as well as personality disorders and oppositional defiant disorder as psychiatric kinds. Such nonepistemic aims and values need not always be those personally favoured by scientists but may have to reflect values that matter to relevant societal stakeholders. Despite the general agenda to study “kinds,” I argue that philosophers should stop using the term “natural kinds,” as this label obscures the relevance of human interests and the way in which many kinds are based on contingent social processes subject to human responsibility.
A protocol for retrospective translational science case studies of health interventions
Authors: Dodson Sara E. , Kukic Ira , Scholl Linda , Pelfrey Clara M. , Trochim William M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The critical processes driving successful research translation remain understudied. We describe a mixed-method case study protocol for analyzing translational research that has led to the successful development and implementation of innovative health interventions. An overarching goal of these case studies is to describe systematically the chain of events between basic, fundamental scientific discoveries and the adoption of evidence-based health applications, including description of varied, long-term impacts. The case study approach isolates many of the key factors that enable the successful translation of research into practice and provides compelling evidence connecting the intervention to measurable changes in health and medical practice, public health outcomes, and other broader societal impacts. The goal of disseminating this protocol is to systematize a rigorous approach, which can enhance reproducibility, promote the development of a large collection of comparable studies, and enable cross-case analyses. This approach, an application of the “science of translational science,” will lead to a better understanding of key research process markers, timelines, and potential points of leverage for intervention that may help facilitate decisions, processes, and policies to speed the sustainable translational process. Case studies are effective communication vehicles to demonstrate both accountability and the impacts of the public’s investment in research.
Comparisons of Late Ordovician ecosystem dynamics before and after the Richmondian invasion reveal consequences of invasive species in benthic marine paleocommunities
Authors: Kempf Hannah L. , Castro Ian O. , Dineen Ashley A. , Tyler Carrie L. , Roopnarine Peter D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA thorough understanding of how communities respond to extreme changes, such as biotic invasions, is essential to manage ecosystems today. Here we constructed fossil food webs to identify changes in Late Ordovician (Katian) shallow-marine paleocommunity structure and functioning before and after the Richmondian invasion, a well-documented ancient invasion. Food webs were compared using descriptive metrics and cascading extinction on graphs models. Richness at intermediate trophic levels was underrepresented when using only data from the Paleobiology Database relative to museum collections, resulting in a spurious decrease in modeled paleocommunity stability. Therefore, museum collections and field sampling may provide more reliable sources of data for the reconstruction of trophic organization in comparison to online data repositories. The invasion resulted in several changes in ecosystem dynamics. Despite topological similarities between pre- and postinvasion food webs, species loss occurred corresponding to a minor decrease in functional groups. Invaders occupied all of the preinvasion functional guilds, with the exception of four incumbent guilds that were lost and one new guild, corroborating the notion that invaders replace incumbents and fill preexisting niche space. Overall, models exhibited strong resistance to secondary extinction, although the postinvasion community had a lower threshold of collapse and more variable response to perturbation. We interpret these changes in dynamics as a decrease in stability, despite similarities in overall structure. Changes in food web structure and functioning resulting from the invasion suggest that conservation efforts may need to focus on preserving functional diversity if more diverse ecosystems are not inherently more stable.
Effects of different levels of rapeseed cake containing high glucosinolates in steer ration on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility and the rumen microbial community
Authors: Gao Jian , Sun Yanfeng , Bao Yu , Zhou Ke , Kong Dehuang , Zhao Guangyong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary rapeseed cake (RSC) containing high glucosinolates (GLS) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion and the rumen microbial community in steers. Eight growing steers and four rations containing RSC (GLS 226·1 μmol/g DM) at 0·00, 2·65, 5·35 and 8·00 % DM were assigned in a replicate 4 × 4 Latin square design. The results indicated that increasing RSC levels increased the ruminal concentration of thiocyanate (SCN) (P < 0·01), decreased the ruminal concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and the molar proportion of isovalerate (P < 0·05), did not affect the ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids (P > 0·05), decreased the crude protein (CP) digestibility (P < 0·05) and increased the ether extract (EE) digestibility (P < 0·01). Increasing RSC levels tended to decrease the abundances of ruminal Ruminobacter amylophilus (P = 0·055) and Ruminococcus albus (P = 0·086) but did not affect methanogens, protozoa, fungi and other bacteria (P > 0·05). Increasing RSC levels in the ration did not affect the ruminal bacterial diversity (P > 0·05), but it increased the operational taxonomic units and the bacterial richness (P < 0·05) and affected the relative abundances of some bacteria at the phylum level and genus level (P < 0·05). In conclusion, RSC decreased the ruminal concentration of NH3-N and the CP digestibility, increased the EE digestibility and partly affected the ruminal bacterial community. SCN, as the metabolite of GLS, could be a major factor affecting these indices.
Very high prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in 6433 UK South Asian adults: analysis of the UK Biobank Cohort
Authors: Darling Andrea L. , Blackbourn David J. , Ahmadi Kourosh R. , Lanham-New Susan A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLittle research has assessed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and its predictors in Western-dwelling South Asians in a relatively large sample size. This observational, cross-sectional analysis assessed baseline prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in UK-dwelling South Asians (aged 40–69 years, 2006–2010) from the UK Biobank Cohort. Serum 25(OH)D measurements were undertaken using the DiaSorin Liaison XL assay. Of 6433 South Asians with a 25(OH)D measurement, using commonly used cut-off thresholds, 55 % (n 3538) had 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l (severe deficiency) and 92 % (n 5918) had 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l (insufficiency). Of the participants with a measurement, 20 % (n 1287) had 25(OH)D concentration <15 nmol/l (very severe deficiency). When 824 participants with undetectable (<10 nmol/l) 25(OH)D measurements were included (total n 7257), 29 % (n 2105) had 25(OH)D < 15 nmol/l, 60 % (n 4354) had 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l and 93 % (n 6749) had 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l. Logistic regression predictors of 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l included the following characteristics: being male; Pakistani; higher BMI; 40–59 years old; never consuming oily fish; summer sun exposure <5 h/d, not using a vitamin D-containing supplement, measurement in winter or spring and vegetarianism. In terms of region, median 25(OH)D concentration was 19–20 nmol/l in Scotland, Northern England, the Midlands and Wales. Across Southern England and London, it was slightly higher at 24–25 nmol/l. Our analyses suggest the need for increased awareness of vitamin D deficiency in South Asians as well as urgent public health interventions to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency in this group.
Acute exposure to a hot ambient temperature reduces energy intake but does not affect gut hormones in men during rest
Authors: Zakrzewski-Fruer Julia K. , Horsfall Rachel N. , Cottrill Diane , Hough John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study examined the effect of ambient temperature on energy intake, perceived appetite and gut hormone responses during rest in men. Thirteen men (age 21·5 (sd 1·4) years; BMI 24·7 (sd 2·2) kg/m2) completed three, 5·5 h conditions in different ambient temperatures: (i) cold (10°C), (ii) thermoneutral (20°C) and (iii) hot (30°C). A standardised breakfast was consumed after fasting measures, and an ad libitum lunch provided at 4–4·5 h. Blood samples (analysed for plasma acylated ghrelin, total peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) and total glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) concentrations), perceived appetite and thermoregulatory responses were collected throughout. Linear mixed models were used for statistical analyses. Ad libitum energy intake was 1243 (sd 1342) kJ higher in 10°C and 1189 (sd 1219) kJ higher in 20 v. 30°C (P = 0·002). Plasma acylated ghrelin, total PYY and GLP-1 concentrations did not differ significantly between the conditions (P ≥ 0·303). Sensitivity analyses for the 4 h pre-lunch period showed that perceived overall appetite was lower in both 30 and 10°C when compared with 20°C (P ≤ 0·019). In conclusion, acutely resting in a hot compared with a thermoneutral and cold ambient temperature reduced lunchtime ad libitum energy intake in healthy men. Suppressed perceived appetite may have contributed to the reduced energy intake in the hot compared with thermoneutral ambient temperature, whereas gut hormones did not appear to play an important role.
Biodiversity governance under the Arctic Council: The role of science, business and NGOs
Authors: Prip Christian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Since its inception, the Arctic Council (AC) has focused on biodiversity, under its working group on the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna. By adopting a holistic, cross-sectoral approach to biodiversity governance, the AC has acknowledged that biodiversity is not only a matter for the Council and its governments: also non-state actors must be involved. This article analyses whether and how three essential non-state actors – science, business and NGOs – influence AC processes on Arctic biodiversity, comparing the roles of these actors on biodiversity governance in the wider international context. AC work on biodiversity has remained largely scientific, with fewer political commitments for states and the Council as such: science has had a significant influence, whereas there has been limited space for the involvement of the business sector. NGOs have served mainly as contributors and partners in scientific work, increasingly also assuming policy advocacy roles. This article notes the need for closer political cooperation on biodiversity in the AC, with firmer commitments for states and the AC, inspired by work in other AC focal areas.
The Gloucester Hoard of Roman Bronze
Authors: Coombe Penny , Henig Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA cache of Roman copper-alloy fragments was discovered, apparently carefully layered in a pit, in a field in Gloucestershire by metal-detectorists in 2017. The assemblage comprises over 5 kg of metal pieces, predominantly box fittings, but also smaller items of personal use such as a fourth-century belt buckle, a three-strand bracelet, a spoon and a coin (a nummus of Crispus). Most remarkable are the sculptural fragments, including several pieces of life-size statuary and the complete statuette of a dog with fine incised decoration, and part of an incised bronze inscription panel. This article considers the original form of the statuary and the use and deposition of the cache. It is proposed that these fragments represent the remains of the accoutrements of a temple or shrine in the local area, perhaps dedicated to Diana Venatrix, and that they were removed and deposited together in the late fourth century. Supplementary material is available online (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X20000501) and comprises additional figures.
Making a settler colonial IR: Imagining the ‘international’ in early Australian International Relations
Authors: Davis Alexander E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDisciplinary histories of International Relations (IR) in Australia have tended to start with the foundation of an IR chair at the Australian National University (ANU) in 1949. In this article, I trace the discipline's institutional history and traditions of thought from the formation of the Round Table in Australia in 1911, led by Lionel Curtis, through the establishment of the Australian Institute of International Affairs (AIIA), and ending with the ANU story. I argue that Australian IR took as its starting assumption the idea of terra nullius (nobody's land), and the subsequent need to settle Australia. As a result, much of the discussion in the early study of ‘IR’ in Australia was framed around ‘domestic’ matters of settlement and colonisation. The focus of Australian IR radiated outwards from regional capitals, particularly to the tropical and desert regions of Australia with large Indigenous populations. At the margins of this were Australia's colonial possessions in the South Pacific. Finally, Australia's IR looked upon East Asia, motivated at least in part by fears of Asian peoples who might also seek to settle Australia. I conclude with a consideration of what Australian IR's historical entanglements with settler colonialism should mean for the discipline today.