bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redesigned Filter Paper Method: Protocol and Assessment Using Reconstituted Samples
Authors: Walshire Lucas , Berry Woodman , Taylor Oliver-Denzil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The soil-water retention curve defines a relationship between the water content of a soil and the corresponding pressure at which the soil-water-air is in equilibrium. In cases in which undisturbed sampling are not feasible, especially for nonplastic and low-plastic soil fabrics, reconstituted soil samples are required. A newly designed mold was devised for use with reconstituted soil samples and the filter paper test. The newly designed mold consisted of a #200 wire mesh that allows for three-dimensional vapor flow. Implementing this new apparatus in conjunction with an energy-based reconstitution protocol minimizes inconsistencies across the test specimen such that variabilities associated with the filter paper testing method can be isolated and calibration curves verified. Calibration procedures are assessed and results are presented based on axis translation and verified by tensiometer measurements. This redesigned filter paper test was then conducted over a range of nonplastic to low-plastic soils yielding comparable results with published field studies and data bases. It can be concluded from this investigation that the filter paper method, using an energy-based reconstitution method and a mesh mold, is comparable to non-filter paper testing methods and is preferable for some applications because of its simplicity and relative short testing times.
Vicente Sáenz: presencia y exilio mexicano
Authors: Oliva-Medina Mario 
Published: November 2020

En este ensayo se presenta una biografía intelectual de Vicente Sáenz, costarricense radicado en México, personaje de múltiples facetas. Este trabajo busca rescatar la vida y hechos de Vicente Sáenz del olvido de nuestra memoria colectiva, a este importante pensador, periodista, editor, profesor y político.
АУСБЮРГЕРИ ТА ПФАЛЬБЮРГЕРИ У НІМЕЦЬКИХ МІСТАХ XIV–XV СТ.
Authors: Руднічук Анна 
Published: November 2020

До соціального складу німецьких міст доби Пізнього Середньовіччя входили не тільки громадян, що проживали безпосередньо на території бурга. Низка економічних, політичних і військових чинників зумовила потребу залучення міською владою як нових бюргерів населення із прилеглих до міста територій, а також осіб, що не проживали в містах. У нормативно-правових актах центральної влади та міст вони позначені як «пфальбюргери» та «аусбюргери». Першу категорію населення представляли в основному знать і вищий клір, а другу – селяни та нижчі верстви населення пізньосередньовічної Німеччини.
У статті проаналізовано основні тенденції розвитку цих двох соціальних категорій німецьких міст XIV–XV ст., їх термінологічне визначення в історіографії, відображення у джерелах, суперечливі моменти стосовно подвійного позначення обох термінів, статус та правове врегулювання, як зі сторони міста, так і з боку центральної влади, відмінності у їхніх відносинах із містами та центральною владою, а також винятки щодо позначення цих понять у бюргерському середовищі різних міст. Значну увагу приділено аналізу ідентифікації аусбюрегрів і пфальбюргерів у межах міського простору, на загальнодержавному рівні, причини їх прийняття до середовища бюргерського населення, основні переваги і недоліки, що приносили для міста ці громадяни. Розглянуто процеси врегулювання сплати податків аусбюргерами та пфальбюргерами, фінансові виплати, які могли надавати міста для цих соціальних прошарків. Проаналізовано причини ліквідації цих категорій населення пізньосередньовічного німецького міста, конфронтації, що виникали між радами міст і знаттю стосовно наявності таких соціальних прошарків, можливості подальшого розв’язання конфліктів, а також постанови про ліквідацію цих категорій населення, умови їх переходу до статусу повноправних бюргерів.
A new tall and exceptional species of Lepanthes from north-west Ecuador (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae)
Authors: Baquero Luis E. , Monteros Marco F. 
Published: November 2020

A new and spectacular species of Lepanthes from north-west Ecuador is presented here. Lepanthes tulcanensis belongs to the Marsipanthes subgenus and is similar to L. niesseniae in the same subgenus, with an inflorescence that does not reach the tip of the leaves, and flowers with shallower synsepal compared to the rest of the species in the subgenus. Nevertheless, the plants of L. tulcanensis are, by far, the largest among the species of the subgenus and aming the largest in the genus.
Keywords: EcoMinga, Lepanthes lucifer, Lepanthes niesseniae, Marsipanthes, Reserva Dracula
ÍNDICE DEL REVISOR PARA ESTIMULAR LA REVISIÓN EXTERNA POR PARES
Authors: Dorta-Contreras Alberto Juan 
Published: November 2020

Introducción. La revisión externa por pares o “peer review” es un proceso de evaluación usado tanto en las revistas científicas como para la concesión de premios, financiamientos y/o aprobación de proyectos de investigación. Objetivo. Describir las distintas formas del proceso y proponer un indicador o índice para estimular el trabajo del revisor en Cuba. Resultados. El indicador propuesto es el Índice del Revisor: IR=Ʃ (trabajo revisado) (Factor de impacto de la revista) (índice H). Conclusiones. A partir de alternativas existentes se propone un indicador o índice que toma en cuenta la experiencia del revisor como autor y la calidad de la revista donde le solicitan su trabajo como revisor
Termal sürtünmeli delme işleminde oluşan kovan boyutları ve mikro sertlik değişimlerinin araştırılması
Authors: ÖZEK Cebeli , BAL Muhammet 
Published: November 2020

Sürtünmeli delme, dönen bir takım ile iş
parçası-takım ara yüzeyinde sürtünme sonucu oluşan ısının etkisiyle delik delme
yöntemidir. Bu yöntemin amacı, ince cidarlı saclarda, deliğin üst kısmında
oluşan çeper ve alt kısmında meydana gelen kovan için bağlantı uzunluğunun
artırılmasıdır. Çalışma için, otomotiv ve havacılık endüstrisinde yaygın olarak
kullanılan, t=2-10 mm kalınlıklarında A7075-T651 alaşımı ve St37 çelik saclar
seçilmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar TYT400 freze tezgâhında devir sayısı n=1120
d/d, f=25 mm/dak ilerleme hızında yapılmıştır. Takım koniklik açısı θ=36°,
Ød=5, Ød=10, Ød=15, Ød=20 mm çaplarında
özel imal edilmiş yüksek hız çeliği (HSS) ve tungsten karbür (WC) takımlar
kullanılmıştır. Çalışma takım çapının ve malzeme kalınlığının kovan yüksekliği,
kovan çeper kalınlığı, mikro sertlik ve mikro yapı üzerindeki etkilerinin
araştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucu olarak, A7075-T651
alaşımında en büyük kovan çeper kalınlığı hç=4,25 mm, en düşük kovan
çeper kalınlığı hç=0,965 mm, en yüksek kovan boyu ha=13,40
mm, en düşük kovan boyu ise ha=3,43 mm olarak elde edilmiştir. St37
çeliği için ise en büyük kovan çeper kalınlığı hç=4,25 mm, en düşük
kovan çeper kalınlığı hç=0,75 mm,
en yüksek kovan boyu ha=15,30 mm, en düşük kovan boyu ha=4,16
mm olmuştur. En yüksek mikrosertlik değeri; A7075-T651 alaşımı için 82,3 HV,
St37 çeliği için ise 183 HV olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Takım çapı ve malzeme
kalınlığının kovan çeper kalınlığı, kovan yüksekliği ve mikro sertlik üzerinde
önemli bir etkisinin olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Hareketli müşterili araç rotalama problemi için Meta-Sezgisel algoritmaların deneysel analizi
Authors: UÇAR Ukbe Usame , İŞLEYEN Selçuk Kürşat , GÖKÇEN Hadi 
Published: November 2020

Silahlı İnsansız Hava Araçları, birçok ülkenin ulusal güvenliğini sağlamak adına askeri operasyonlarda yoğun bir şekilde kullandıkları yapay zekâya dayalı savunma sistemleridir. Bu sistemler sayesinde operasyon alanındaki hareketli ve hareketsiz hedefler, zorlu coğrafik koşullar altında pilot kullanılmaksızın kumanda merkezi yardımıyla imha edilebilmektedir. İnsansız hava aracı filosu tarafından, seyir süresi, mühimmat kapasitesi, yakıt maliyeti ve zaman penceresi kısıtlamaları dikkate alınarak sistemdeki hareketli hedeflerin başarılı bir şekilde imha edilmesi gereksinimi, Hareketli Müşterili Araç Rotalama Problemini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Heterojen Filolu-Zaman Pencereli-Kapasite Kısıtlı Hareketli Müşterili Araç Rotalama Problemi, minimum görev süresi ve görev maliyeti amaçları doğrultusunda çözülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Problemin çözümü için sezgisel algoritmalar(ÇARA, RASA) geliştirilmiş ve metasezgisel algoritmalar (Genetik Algoritma, NSGA-II ve Tavlama Benzetimi Algoritması) kullanılmıştır. Önerilen algoritmaların etkinliği vurucu sayısının 5-10, hedef sayısının 10-35 arasında değiştiği 30 farklı deney seti üzerinde test edilmiştir. Algoritmalar için uygun parametre setinin belirlenmesinde Taguchi yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda Genetik Algoritmanın diğer algoritmalara kıyasla daha başarılı sonuçlar ürettiği tespit edilmiştir.
SUPERESTRUTURA JURÍDICA E IMUNIDADE PENAL DA ELITE ECONÔMICA BRASILEIRA NO CRIME DE TRABALHO ESCRAVO
Authors: Silva Artenira da Silva e , Ramos Edith Maria Barbosa , Santos Nonnato Masson Mendes dos 
Published: November 2020

RESUMO
presente artigo problematiza o fenômeno das agências de controle penal acessarem mecanismos despenalizadores quando se trata de condutas criminalizadas cujos autores são em sua maioria membros da elite econômica, se valendo, para tanto, de categorias marxianas e marxistas que compreendem essas agências de controle como parte de uma superestrutura jurídica baseada na infraestrutura econômica garantidora da imunidade penal de determinados grupos que, por regra do sistema, devem ser imunes, posto que a referida engenharia de poder controla os corpos daqueles que podem vir a sublevar o status quo.

Palavras-chave: Agências de controle penal; Seletividade penal; Poder Judiciário.
A Meta-Category “People” and Limits of Cognition in the Science of Constitutional Law
Authors: Kostogryzov P. I. 
Published: November 2020

Based on approaches existing in domestic science to the interpretation of the term “a people”, the author concludes that in constitutional law the term under consideration is used in at least two different meanings: 1.as a source of power; and 2. as a subject of constitutional rights. The author highlights the irreducibility of this duality and substantiates the thesis that the concept of the people as a source of power is one of the limiting concepts of constitutional law and, therefore, cannot be defined within its framework. Awareness of this problem leads some Russian lawyers to denying the principle of popular sovereignty, and other scholars try to equate the concept of “a people as a source of power” with the concept of electoral corps. Arguing both these approaches, the author highlights that according to Gödel’s theorem on incompleteness, constitutional law as a system of formally defined norms cannot be complete and uncontroversial at the same time. Attempts to construct a “pure” constitutional-legal theory free of any extra-legal elements where definitions of all concepts the theory operates would be derived from the theory itself lead to intractable contradictions. If the system of constitutional law is built as non-contradictory, it is inevitably incomplete, in particular it uses concepts that cannot be defined within its framework. The author investigates such concepts and categories belonging to a higher level of abstraction as meta-categories, or marginal concepts, of the science of constitutional law. The category “the people as a source of power” is one of them. Concerning the dilemma of completeness and consistency of constitutional law as a system of formally defined norms, the author prioritizes consistency.
La Polarización Mediática en Latinoamérica
Authors: Guijarro Piedra Marco 
Published: November 2020

En la actualidad, la población ecuatoriana convive bajo una polarización mediática —sin precedentes— que está marcada por la lucha de clases heredada desde la época colonial. Vivimos una nueva era tecnológica, de información digital y de decadencia de medios tradicionales, donde la proliferación de noticias falsas, analfabetismo mediático y el sesgo en la información son “pan de cada día” en la opinión pública. Este artículo desnuda la relación entre polarización mediática y grupos de presión, analizando la influencia de tendencias políticas contrapuestas en el periodo de 2007 a 2017. Para ello, se empleó una metodología de estudio cualitativa, basada en entrevistas con expertos en el campo y análisis de literatura y estadísticas del
tema. Los resultados revelan una clara conexión entre la polarización mediática y la lucha por ejercer el poder y se resalta, además, la necesidad de una alfabetización mediática en Ecuador.
Reinventando la crónica: el uso del género en narrativas interculturales
Authors: Andrade Sánchez María Belén 
Published: November 2020

A lo largo de los últimos 20 años, el auge de la crónica periodística latinoamericana supone una serie de procesos de transición y transmutación basados en el posicionamiento de la web como medio prominente de publicación. En Ecuador, esta ola ha alumbrado un conjunto de proyectos de periodismo digital de propuesta
alternativa, que acentúan la narrativa, la investigación y la utilización de recursos multimedia para potencializar la fuerza de los relatos. Mediante la valorización matricial de contenidos digitales, esta investigación esclarece la asiduidad con la cual se hace uso de elementos multimedia, hipertextuales e interactivos en varias
crónicas publicadas por tres de los medios nativos web más sobresalientes. Como resultado, se halló ciertas inobservancias en cuanto a su constitución como formatos de naturaleza digital.
Development and Validation of a Moral Distress Scale for Nursing Students
Authors: Bordignon Simoní Saraiva , Lunardi Valéria Lerch , Barlem Edison Luiz , Dalmolin Graziele de Lima , Silveira Rosemary Silva da , Souza Ramos Flávia Regina , Barlem Jamila Tomaschewski 
Published: November 2020

Background and PurposeThis study aimed to develop and validate a scale to measure the frequency and the intensity of the moral distress experienced by nursing students.MethodMethodological study in which a guideline with eight steps: (a) to determine what to measure, (b) to produce items, (c) format to measure, (d) review by experts, (e) validation of items, (f) sample, (g) assessment (h) scale length was used to develop and validate a scale. The sample was composed of 499 undergraduate nursing students from three Brazilian universities.ResultsSix constructs were identified in the factor analysis. The instrument and dimensions presented satisfactory internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients equal to .97 and between .60 and .97, respectively.ConclusionThe developed scale is able to analyze the intensity and the frequency of Moral Distress in nursing students, in a valid and reliable way.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Professional Integration Factors Retention Strategies Survey
Authors: Gamble Beth 
Published: November 2020

Background and PurposeNursing students experience higher attrition rates than average college students due to the academic rigor of nursing programs. This study examined psychometric properties of the Professional Integration Factors Retention Strategies Survey (PIF-RSS), which measured constructs of faculty advisement and helpfulness, professional events, memberships, encouragement by friends in class, peer mentoring-tutoring, and enrichment programs.MethodsThe PIF-RSS survey was distributed to deans, directors, and program coordinators of traditional Bachelor's in Nursing programs.ResultsFollowing exploratory factor analysis, 47 items aligned within a 5-factor solution were retained. Reliability of the total instrument was .90.ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence of the psychometric properties of the PIF-RSS instrument. Additional studies are recommended to further examine instrument psychometric properties for different program types and populations.
The Psychometric Analysis of an Instrument to Measure the Perceived Workload for Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists
Authors: McMullan Susan P. , Raju Dheeraj , Patrician Patricia 
Published: November 2020

Background and PurposeIn a previous study, the CRNA Workload Perception Scale (CWPS) was developed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometrics of the CWPS.MethodsThe CWPS was tested in a population of CRNAs. This study was conducted in two phases. Phase I consisted of classical psychometrics; the 12-item instrument was piloted in a sample of 265 CRNAs. Phase II consisted of qualitative analysis to provide feedback on items that did not perform well.ResultsPhase I: Instrument demonstrated good reliability (r = .77). Parametric and nonparametric analysis indicated 6 of 12 items were good fit to measure perception of workload.Phase IIQualitative analysis resulted in refinement of four items, addition of one item, and elimination of two items.ConclusionsA revised 11-item CWPS was developed.
Validating Factors That Influence Student Nurse Intention Regarding Perioperative Nursing
Authors: Kapaale Chaluza C. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundFailure to effectively recruit Newly Graduated Nurses (NGN) to perioperative nursing in the face of an anticipated nursing shortage will adversely impact patient outcomes. Development of interventions that address the recruitment problem is hampered by lack of a comprehensive understanding of factors that influence Student Nurse Intention (SNI) regarding perioperative nursing.PurposeThis descriptive quantitative study aims to test a Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) questionnaire and validate factors that influence SNI.MethodQuantitative sequence of exploratory sequential design. Item analysis, and principal component analysis of data are completed.ResultsThe instrument demonstrated satisfactory psychometrics. Immediate exposure or immersion, affirmation by nurse managers, and availability of positions were the most influential attitudinal, normative, and control beliefs respectively. Generational values have some influence on intention to choose perioperative nursing.ConclusionA TPB questionnaire is useful for measuring factors that influence SNI.
Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of Relational Insights 360 Among Baccalaureate Nursing Students With the Use of Standardized Patients
Authors: Zimmer Mary Ann 
Published: November 2020

Background and PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate reliability and validity of the relational competency assessment instrument, Relational Insights 360 (RI-360) (Koloroutis & Trout, 2012), among 104 baccalaureate nursing students and 10 standardized patients (SPs) upon completion of a communication simulation.MethodsThe reliability of the RI-360 was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Interrater reliability of the RI-360 was measured between the SPs and the primary investigator with percentages. Factor analysis was run to evaluate the construct validity.ResultsThe RI-360 was internally consistent with an alpha coefficient of 0.93. Interrater reliability for all items on the RI-360 was 42% between students' scores and SPs' scores and 38.9% between the Primary Investigator's scores and SPs' scores. Exploratory factor analysis showed that factor loadings ranged from 0.29 to 0.84.ConclusionsThe RI-360 appears to be a valid and reliable scale for use in measuring relational competency among nursing students and SPs.
Phytodiversité et services écosystémiques associés aux plantations d’alignement des rues aménagées de la ville de Grand-Popo au Bénin
Authors: OSSENI Abdel Aziz , GBESSO Gbodja Houéhanou François , NANSI Karl Martial , TENTE Agossou Brice Hugues 
Published: November 2020

L’importance de la végétation urbaine dans la production des services écosystémiques en général est largement démontrée. Au Bénin, en plus des avantages socio-écologiques attribués aux arbres d’alignement, ils contribuent considérablement à la fourniture de services d’approvisionnement et socioculturels, du fait de leur utilisation locale par les populations. Le présent travail évalue la contribution de la diversité floristique des rues dans la fourniture des biens et services aux habitants de la ville de Grand-Popo au Bénin. La démarche méthodologique adoptée a permis de dénombrer les arbres plantés sur dix kilomètres de rues aménagées et de questionner 164 ménages sur les services rendus par ces arbres. Les paramètres de diversité sont calculés pour apprécier la phytodiversité des axes routiers. La matrice des formes d’usage des organes est établie, en correspondance avec les catégories de services écosystémiques existantes. Les résultats obtenus révèlent 540 arbres, répartis en 26 espèces et 17 familles le long des principaux axes routiers de la ville. L’indice moyen de diversité de Shannon (3,61 ± 0,14 bits) et l’équitabilité de Pielou (0,76 ± 0,06) démontrent un phénomène de dominance de quelques espèces, dont la plus représentative est Cocos nucifera avec 20 % de l’effectif total des individus. Les arbres d’alignement ont été plantés majoritairement par les autorités pour leur ombrage, l’esthétique du paysage et la séquestration de carbone. Alors qu’en pratique, de par leur usage et l’introduction de nouvelles espèces utiles par les populations riveraines, les plantations fournissent plus de neuf services écosystémiques avec une grande importance accordée à la fourniture de l’ombrage et de l’alimentation. Pour une valorisation de la foresterie urbaine, la prise en compte de ces informations pourrait servir à promouvoir les services écosystémiques sans compromettre la viabilité des arbres en plantations dans la ville.
Control over decision-making in eight major oil palm plantation companies in Malaysia
Authors: KAMARUDDIN Norfaryanti 
Published: November 2020

Southeast Asia's mosaics of agricultural and tropical forest landscapes have been significantly shaped by the advance of industrial plantations from colonial times to the present. Controversies over deforestation and oil palm sustainability have emerged in this context. Significant land use changes have been made by industrial plantation companies, which have diversified their activities to sectors ranging from automobiles to banking and telecoms to become corporate giants.
The solutions proposed today to curb deforestation for oil palm plantations consist of sectoral market tools such as trade bans, regulations or certification schemes that are supposed to influence the economic decisions of private companies. However, oil palm corporations are so diversified and deeply embedded in national economies that many other factors could influence their corporate decision-making. Studies since Porter and Laporta suggest that the structure of the financial network of company shareholders may have more influence on corporate decisions than the market itself, in other words that the nature of company ownership (government versus private sector) is the essential driver in corporate decision-making.
This thesis explores how these structural drivers play out in major oil palm corporations. Using network analysis, we quantified and analysed shareholdings in the main oil palm corporations in Malaysia. We gathered data on 4,331 shareholdings at ten different levels. The study describes the financial topologies and compares them with the nature of company ownership and with measurable decision-making processes, such as structural control and decision loads.
We found that decision-making was not influenced by the nature of ownership but was very much influenced by the financial structure of the corporations. We also found that decision loads and structural control seem to predict a structural flexibility which is intrinsic to these corporations.
The implications of these findings could help to rethink the political governance of deforestation and open up a new field of research concerned with describing and analysing the deep financial structures that govern the behaviour of corporations. Firstly, understanding the financial forces that shape plantation companies is critical to oil palm and forest sustainability. Secondly, we can now identify and prioritize the most resilient corporations with a view to developing sustainable practices for the long term.