bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and quantitative assay of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase in patients attending tertiary care center
Authors: Sharma Uday , Mishra Satyendra , Gautam Narayan , Gupta Badri Kumar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The study was carried out to with the aim to find out the frequency of G6PD deficiency among the patients attending the hospital and to rationalize methemoglobin reduction test (Qualitative method) in reference to the spectrophotometric assay (Quantitative method). Timely screening of the patients for Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency with appropriate screening method can play an important role in preventing hemolytic crisis that arises from therapeutic use of oxidative drugs like primaquine.
Result
The frequency of Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficient cases was 3% by both of the employed tests. The mean ± SD of Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the patients under study was 15.34 ± 4.7 IU/l in males, 16.01 ± 3.74 IU/l in females. G6PD activity was positively associated with reticulocyte count (r = 0.289, p-value = 0.004) and negatively with mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (r = -0.220, p-value = 0.028). The correlation of Red blood corpuscular count and Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase was statistically significant (p-value = 0.048).
Nurses' perceptions and practices regarding oral care in hospitalized patients: a qualitative study on missed nursing care
Authors: Charalambous Melanie Elia , Efstathiou Georgios , Christodoulou Persefoni Lambrou , Irakleous Iraklis , Papastavrou Evridiki 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Oral health is considered essential for individuals’ well-being. Poor oral health has a negative impact on overall human health while contributing and predisposing to other diseases. It has been internationally documented that nurses delay or omit oral care of hospitalized patients and as a result of this, the risk of adverse events is increased. METHODS: Four focus groups were organized (n=30) to elicit the issue under study. Nurse managers and nurses working in medical and surgical departments in 3 acute care hospitals participated in June 2019. The discussions were coordinated by an independent moderator, using a semi-structured interview guide. Recordings of the conversations were transcribed and thematic analysis was performed according to Krueger and Casey guidelines. RESULTS The findings confirm that oral care of hospitalized patients is often omitted and is not acknowledged as an important patient need. The barriers and facilitators that affected oral health care positively or negatively were divided into three themes and included patient’ characteristics, nurses’ knowledge and skills and recourses as well as the working environment . CONCLUSIONS: Oral care is not considered as priority and there are many factors that contribute negatively or positively to its implementation. Nurse managers and nurses can play a crucial role for the adoption of universal oral care practices in hospitalized patients.
An experimental model of neurodegenerative disease based on porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus-related lysosomal abnormalities
Authors: Lan Yungang , Li Zi , Wang Zhenzhen , Wang Xinran , Wang Gaili , Zhao Kui , Gao Feng , He Wenqi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Advances in experimental models for neurodegenerative diseases have enhanced the understanding of its molecular pathogenesis and begun to revealed promising therapeutic avenues. Lysosomes are involved in pathogenesis of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases and play a large role in neurodegenerative disorders caused by virus infection. However, whether virus-infected cells or animals can be used as experimental models of neurodegeneration in humans based on virus-related lysosomal dysfunction remain unclear. Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) displays neurotropism in mice and neural cells are its targets for viral progression. PHEV infection may be a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Our findings demonstrated for the first time that PHEV infection can lead to lysosome disorders and showed that the specific mechanism of lysosome dysfunction is related to PGRN expression deficiency and indicated similar pathogenesis compared to human neurodegenerative diseases such as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) upon PHEV infection. Trehalose can also increase progranulin (PGRN) expression and rescue abnormalities in lysosomal structure in PHEV-infected cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that PHEV may serve as a disease model for studying the pathogenic mechanisms and prevention of other degenerative diseases.
Dietary intakes and their association with weight status in male and female school children in South India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Swaminathan Sumathi , Selvam Sumithra , Thomas Tinku , Jayachitra Krishnaswamy G , Kurpad Anura V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

BackgroundWith India going through a nutrition transition evaluating food consumption of children is important. The present analysis was done to cross-sectionally examine the diets of school-aged children by sex and weight status. MethodsUrban school-going children 8-15 years of age, representing all strata of socio-economic status were recruited through stratified quota sampling. Dietary intake was assessed by three interviewer-administered 24-hour dietary recalls. The proportion with inadequate intakes for macro- and micro-nutrients and percentage energy intake of macronutrients below and above the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) were compared between sexes. Association of dietary intake with weight status were examined by multinomial logistic regression in boys and girls separately with the reference category being the highest tertile of each food group intake. ResultsTotally, 634 children were recruited (13.7% boys, 15.6% girls underweight;18.8% boys, 18.5% girls overweight). In general, boys had significantly higher mean intakes of all nutrients (p<0.05) except for vitamin B 12 (0.96 µg in boys versus 0.87 µg in girls, p=0.055) and vitamin A (225.4 µgRAE in boys and 222.2 µgRAE in girls, p=0.073). The prevalence of inadequate intake was the highest for vitamin A (96.8% in boys vs 94.8% in girls, p=0.152). The proportions of inadequacy were significantly higher in girls for all nutrients (p<0.05), except for folate and vitamin A. High carbohydrate intake (OR:3.11; 95% CI:1.55, 6.24, p=0.002) and low fat intake (OR:2.15; 95% CI:1.06, 4.35, p=0.041) were significantly associated with underweight in girls but not for boys. After adjusting for age and total energy intake, lower intake of vegetables and higher intake of fruits were significantly associated with underweight boys while, lower intake of root vegetables, nuts, milk products and added sugar were associated with underweight girls. A higher proportion of overweight boys was observed in the lowest tertile of pulse intake and lower proportion in the lowest tertile of nut intake. Overweight girls were more likely to be in the lowest tertile of meat intake. ConclusionsChildren’s diets need to be improved to meet nutrient requirements. Promotion of healthy diets in children which reduce prevalence of underweight and arrest increase in overweight is required.
Socio-demographic and environmental factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in India
Authors: Paul Pintu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Globally, diarrhoea is a second leading cause of deaths among under-five children and is a major public health problem. Despite several health care initiatives, a large proportion of under-five children are still experienced diarrhoeal diseases causes high mortality in India. This study aims to examine the socio-demographic and environmental factors of diarrhoea among children under-five in India.Methods A cross-sectional study was designed using the recent round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), conducted in 2015-16. A total of living children below 5 years of age were utilized for the analysis of this study. Bi-variate and multivariate logistic regression were carried out to investigate the factors of childhood diarrhoea.Results In India, about 9% under-five children experience diarrhoeal disease in the past 2 weeks. Children from rural areas (AOR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09), Scheduled Tribe (AOR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.89) and others caste (AOR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97), Muslim (AOR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.24), and from central (AOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.52, 1.70) and west region (AOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.15) were significantly associated with higher likelihood of diarrhoea in past 2 weeks. Furthermore, this study also revealed that child’s stool disposal (AOR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.09), floor materials (AOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.12) and roof materials (AOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.13) of the household were found to be significant factors of childhood diarrhoea occurrence.Conclusions Diarrhoeal disease remains a serious public health problem in India. The findings of this study suggest strengthening of existing health care programs. Policy intervention should also address socio-economic vulnerabilities of mothers and children to combat the incidence of diarrhoea. In addition, provisioning of sanitation and housing facilities may help positively to control diarrhoeal disease that could eventually reduce the incidence of child mortality.
Comparison of oral health care between dental and non-dental students in Southwestern China--exploring the future priority for oral health education
Authors: Li Mingming , Wu Zhiwu , Zhang Rui , Lei Lei , Cheng Ran , Hu Tao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Dental caries and periodontal disease are still serious oral problems in China after decades of Oral health education(OHE). It’s necessary to figure out the problems. The aim of this study was to figure out the oral health care knowledge and habits of undergraduates in Sichuan University and the existing problems, by comparing the differences between dental and non-dental students. It was hoped to provide some suggestions for future OHE.
Methods
A quasi-experimental study design with a pre-test and post-test group was applied. 217 dental-students and 135 non-dental students were enrolled. They were given a course for OHE. A knowledge test and a survey about oral health care were conducted before and after course.
Results
According to the pre-course survey, dental students surpassed non-dentals in terms of tooth-brushing frequency, method, time and flossing. Unfortunately, flossing was overlooked by all the students. After the course, both dental and non-dental students improved a lot in the oral health care knowledge and habits. More non-dental students than dental students were willing to use toothpicks and Chinese herbal toothpaste before and after course.
Conclusions
OHE plays a positive role for university students. Future OHE should focus on the flossing, toothbrushing methods, toothpick, Chinese herbal toothpaste and modification to adapt new media.
Molecular screening for nigericin treatment in pancreatic cancer by high-throughput RNA sequencing
Authors: Xu Zhihua , Zhi Qiaoming , Gao Guanzhuang , Liu Fei , Han Ye , Dai Chen , Wang Sentai , Wei Guobang , Kuang Yuting , Wan Daiwei , Xu Ye 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Nigericin, an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, has been proved to exhibit promising anti-cancer effects on a variety of cancers. Our previous study investigated the potential anti-cancer properties in pancreatic cancer (PC), and demonstrated that nigericin could inhibited the cell viabilities in concentration- and time-dependent manners via differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, the knowledge of nigericin associated with long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA in pancreatic cancer (PC) has not been studied. This study is to elucidate the underlying mechanism from the perspective of lncRNA and mRNA.Methods The continuously varying molecules (lncRNAs and mRNAs) were comprehensively screened by high-throughput RNA sequencing.Results Our data showed that 76 lncRNAs and 172 mRNAs were common differentially expressed in the nigericin anti-cancer process. Subsequently, the bioinformatics analyses, including GO and KEGG analysis, coding and non-coding co-expression network, cis- and trans-regulation predictions and PPI network, were applied to annotate the potential regulatory mechanisms among these coding and non-coding RNAs during the nigericin anti-cancer process.Conclusion These findings provided new insight into the molecular mechanism of nigericin toward cancer cells, and suggested a possible clinical application in PC.
PD-L1 Tumor Cell Expression in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas is Associated with Higher Pathological Stage
Authors: Ward Michael , Albertson Daniel , Furtado Larissa V. , Deftereos Georgios 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUCs) are a rare and unique subset of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Immune checkpoint inhibitors are showing promise in the treatment of UC of the bladder and UTUC alike. While several large studies have looked at PD-L1 expression in UC in general, most have not investigated UTUC as a separate group. Moreover, comparison between studies of PD-L1 expression is challenging as the different immune checkpoint inhibitors require different PD-L1 scoring systems and cutoffs (i.e. tumor proportion score, combined positive score, and immune cell score).
Methods

This is a retrospective study of 37 cases of resected UTUC. Representative tissue from each case was compiled into tissue microarrays and immunohistochemical stains for PD-L1 (Dako antibody clones 223C and 28 − 8) were performed. PD-L1 staining was evaluated using several established scoring systems: tumor proportion score (TPS), combined positive score (CPS) and immune cell (IC) score. Associations between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathologic features were investigated.
Results

Overall expression of PD-L1 in UTUC was 29.7% when using a TPS cutoff of ≥ 1%. 55.6% of cases with higher pathological stage (pT3 or pT4) were positive for PD-L1, compared to only 5.3% of cases with lower pathological stage (pTis, pT1, or pT2; p = 0.0011). When using a CPS cutoff of ≥ 10, there was no significant association between tumor stage and PD-L1 expression. There was no association between PD-L1 positivity and tumor grade, tumor location, gender, or age. There was 100% concordance between 22C3 and 28 − 8 in terms of positivity rate.
Conclusions

Our study shows that 29.7% of UTUCs are positive for PD-L1 TPS expression, comparable to the 20–30% reported in UC literature. Our study also shows that PD-L1 expression in UTUC is more often associated with high pathological stage, which may reflect an immune response evasion mechanism that UC cells acquire later in disease progression. Finally, PD-L1 22C3 and 28 − 8 clones show similar overall patterns of staining in this setting.
Variability and Change Over Time of Weight and BMI Among Adolescents and Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome: A 6-month text-based observational study
Authors: Vrana-Diaz Caroline , Balasubramanian Priya , Kayadjanian Nathalie , Bohonowych Jessica , Strong Theresa V. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder in which hyperphagia (excessive appetite) is a hallmark feature. Understanding how weight changes over time in this population is important for capturing the contemporary natural history of the disorder as well as assessing the impact of new treatments for hyperphagia.Methods: We developed a text message-based, prospective cohort study of adolescents and adults with PWS to assess changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) over a six-month period. Weight was collected weekly, while changes in height, living situation, access to food, activity level, and medication were collected at three-month intervals.Results: One hundred and sixty-five participants enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 19.7 years (range 12 - 48). There was considerable variability in weight across participants (range: 76.8 – 207.7 kg). Thirty-three percent of the participants were normal weight, while 15% were overweight and 52% were obese. Overall, the weight of the study participants increased over the study period (mean weight change +2.35%), while BMI was relatively stable, albeit high (mean BMI of 31.4 at baseline, mean BMI percent change + 1.42%). Changes in living situation, activity, food access, and medication had limited impact on weight and BMI changes. Multivariable analysis found that time, sex, age, and percentage of life on growth hormone (GH) therapy were statistically significant fixed effects.Conclusions: This remote, observational study of weight change in PWS showed small increases in weight and BMI over a six-month period. Participants were highly compliant with this text message-based study, suggesting that mobile technology-based data collection was manageable for the participants. We anticipate that the results of this study will inform clinical trials for hyperphagia/obesity related therapies in PWS and provide a basis for understanding the efficacy of new therapies for hyperphagia in the real-world setting.
Classification and morphology of middle mesial canals of mandibular first molars in a Southern Chinese subpopulation: a cone-beam computed tomographic study
Authors: Yang Yeqing , Chen Ming , Zeng Junkai , Wu Buling 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background：Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to study the morphology and curvature of the middle mesial canals (MMCs) of the mandibular first molars (MFMs).Methods：CBCT scanning was performed on the MFMs of 1100 patients. The pa tients' images which met the inclusion criteria were divided into group A (<40 years old) and group B (≥40 years old) for further study. To study the incidence of the MMCs at different ages, to measure the curvature of MMCs of mesiodistal and buccolingual direction by Schneider method, and to observe the anatomical morphology of the mesial root canal system.Results：In 875 patients, 1750 MFM images met the inclusion criteria, among which 158 MFMs contained a MMC, with an incidence rate of 9.03%. The incidence rate of MMCs was 11.22% in group A and 6.61% in group B, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The curvature in group A was 29.39±8.53° in mesiodistal direction while group B was 26.06±8.50 °, with statistical differences (P＜0.05). It has been shown that curved regions in group A and B were often found out in the middle 1/3. There is no significant difference in the distance between MMC orifices and mesiobuccal canal orifices or mesiolingual canal orifices (P>0.05). The most common mesial root canal morphology type was type II (3-2) (53.80%). Conclusion：The incidence of MMCs in MFMs was showed to decline along with the increase of age. The canal system of MMCs was varied and complex, mostly with mesiodistal curve obviously. CBCT is an outstanding assistant examination to the root canal therapy.
Using the modified Ponseti method to treat complex clubfoot: early results
Authors: Bozkurt Celal , Sipahioğlu Serkan , Sarıkaya Baran , Altay Mehmet Akif , Çetin Baki Volkan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives In complex clubfoot, equinus, varus of the heel, forefoot adduction, and supination are more severe than in typical clubfoot. The feet are short and stubby, with deep creases above the heel and on the plantar surface. To successfully treat this subgroup of patients, orthopaedic clinicians must be able to recognise the clinical characteristics of complex clubfoot and implement the appropriate treatment effectively.Methods A total of 11 patients with 16 clubfeet were included in this study. Demographic features, clubfoot severity, number of casts, position of each foot before cast removal, ankle dorsiflexion (DF), complications, and additional procedures were noted at all clinical visits.Results The mean follow-up period was 13.3 months. All patients were initially corrected using a mean of 7 (5–8) casts and Achilles tenotomy. Relapses occurred in three patients (18.75%), but all recovered after recasting. The creases above the heels disappeared in all of the patients, whereas plantar creases persisted on two (12.5%) feet. The mean Pirani scores calculated at the first visit, after tenotomy, and at the final visit were 5.22± 0.52,, 0.72 ± 0.41and 0.41 ± 0.42, respectively. The mean DF measurements recorded before tenotomy, after tenotomy, and at the final visit were 8.31° ± 3.03°, 15.19° ± 3.75 °, and 20.19° ± 4.46°, respectively. Pirani scores and DF improved statistically significantly after treatment, and DF improved significantly between tenotomy and the final visit.Conclusions The modified Ponseti method is an effective treatment for complex clubfoot. It is crucial that orthopaedic clinicians can recognise this deformity at any stage and implement the modified Ponseti method effectively.
Derivation and validation of a novel clinical decision aid to distinguish between uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis in children.
Authors: Loukogeorgakis Stavros P. , Major Christina , Jones Ceri E , Corbett Harriet J. , Folaranmi Semiu Eniola , Stanton Michael P , Rex Dean , Hall Nigel J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aim of Study:Non-operative treatment of acute uncomplicated appendicitis (UA) in children might be equally effective to surgery but requires accurate discrimination from those with complicated appendicitis (CA) to ensure safety and maximise efficacy. We aimed to identify specific clinical and laboratory parameters that would aid distinction between UA and CA in children.Methods:Retrospective review of consecutive children with a clinical +/- radiological diagnosis of acute appendicitis that underwent appendicectomy in three specialist paediatric surgical centres between March 2017 and February 2018. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were retrieved and analysed in relation to intra-operative and histopathological findings. CA was defined as gangrene and/or perforation seen intra-operatively and/or in histopathological analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to derive a novel prediction model that could accurately distinguish UA and CA. A priori we set analytical parameters so as to ensure the score had a positive predictive value (PPV) for UA of >95%. The resulting scoring system was validated in an independent cohort of children.Main Results: The prediction model was derived from 130 children (UA: 71; CA: 59) with median age (range) 10 (2-15) years. Initial univariate analysis identified six factors significantly associated (p<0.01) with CA (duration of abdominal pain, presence of rebound tenderness, temperature, , white cell count, , neutrophil count and C-reactive protein [CRP]). These variables were entered in the regression model, and points awarded based on the adjusted odds ratios. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated a threshold of ≥4 points for prediction of CA. The scoring system was validated in an independent cohort of 112 children (UA: 51; CA: 61); it was found to have a sensitivity of 98% and specificity 78%. A score of <4 points had a PPV for UA of 98%.Conclusions: Our novel scoring system can discriminate between UA and CA in children with high accuracy. Children with a score <4 could be eligible for non-operative treatment.