bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of sleep K-complexes using BOHB-tuned XGBoost based on multi-domain feature extraction and KMeansSMOTE
Authors: Xiong Xin , Ren Shixin , Yi Sanli , Wang Chunwu , Liu Ruixiang , He Jianfeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The K-complex, a distinctive brain wave pattern observed during sleep, holds significant importance in sleep research. Traditional manual annotation of electroence-phalogram (EEG) signals is time-consuming,labor-intensive and prones to errors. Although some studies have focused on the automatic detection of K-complexes, they still struggle to effectively address the issues caused by data imbalance. Therefore, the study demonstrates a method for detecting sleep K-complexs based on multi-domain feature extraction, KMeansSMOTE technology, and the combination of BOHB-Tuned XGBoost is proposed. There are four steps below. Firstly, the EEG data is preprocessed and 22 features are extracted. Then, the KMeansSMOTE oversampling technique is applied to generate samples for the minority class in the imbalanced data, aiming to achieve a balance between positive and negative samples. Next, XGBoost is employed for ranking feature importance and it is integrated with correlation analysis for feature selection. Finally, the BOHB-Tuned XGBoost model is utilized for K-complex detection using the selected features. Experimental results show that the model has an average accuracy of 96.60%, precision of 97.67%, sensitivity of 89.05%, specificity of 99.1%, and an F1 score of 92.99%. The method proposed in this study not only addresses the problem of data imbalance effectively but also demonstrates a more stable, high classification performance. This can assist sleep experts in analyzing EEG signals.
Heatwave induced health vulnerability assessment in Bangladesh
Authors: Mehrin Maria , Tuz Zuhra Fatema , Rahman Md Mafizur 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Heatwaves emerge as a substantial environmental hazard, posing a severe threat to public health, especially in the tropical countries of South Asia. Despite Bangladesh’s susceptibility to natural disasters, including unprecedented temperature surge, heat stress lacks official recognition as a disaster. This study aims to assess the spatial distribution of health vulnerability to heat waves at the district level in Bangladesh. Utilizing a framework incorporating exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, the vulnerability index score for each district was computed. The study selected indicators by first reviewing relevant literature to identify key factors contributing to vulnerability to heatwaves. The final selection of 14 indicators, three for exposure, seven for sensitivity, and four for adaptive capacity, was made independently by the authors after consulting with experts and considering data availability. The entropy weight method, known for its objectivity in decision-making, was applied to assign weights to each indicator. The results indicated that the southwestern region and a portion of the northwestern part of Bangladesh are particularly exposed to heatwaves, with Kurigram identified as the most sensitive to heat. This heightened sensitivity is driven by a high floating population density, significant engagement in agriculture, and high population density. The districts most susceptible to heatwaves due to a combination of high sensitivity and low adaptive capacity include Barisal, Lakshmipur, Kishoreganj, Narayanganj, Narsingdi, Tangail, Jamalpur, Netrakona, Sherpur, Naogaon, Dinajpur, Kurigram, and Rangpur. These areas are likely to face the greatest impact from future heatwaves. This research facilitates strategic resource allocation by by identifying vulnerable districts and offering insights into the underlying causes, thereby supporting policy development and fostering international collaboration.
Three-dimensional disordered alloy metamaterials: a new platform of structure-function integration
Authors: Li Xinxin , Wang Liqiang , Lu Yang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Metamaterials have garnered significant interest in recent years due to their unprecedented properties unattainable by natural substances and potential applications in various fields. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of a novel class of three-dimensional (3D) disordered alloy metamaterials, including metallic glasses and high/medium entropy alloys metamaterials, which offer a promising platform for the integration of structure and function. These materials are characterized by their unique including disordered atomic structures and alloy compositions modulation, enabling the manipulation of electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical properties. We begin by discussing the underlying principles and synthesis methods of 3D disordered alloy metamaterials, followed by a comprehensive examination of their distinctive properties and potential applications in the realms of engineering, energy harvesting, and sensing. Furthermore, we delve into the existing challenges and future directions of this burgeoning field, encompassing aspects such as scalability, precision in fabrication, and the evolution of multi-functional materials. 3D disordered alloy metamaterials represent a promising avenue for the advancement of structure-function integration, with potential implications for a broad range of scientific and technological disciplines.
The influence of post-glacial migration and hybridization on the gene pool of marginal Quercus pubescens populations in Central Europe
Authors: Pütz Jil , Jansen Simon , Reutimann Oliver , Rellstab Christian , Bordács Sándor , Neophytou Charalambos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
In Central Europe, the drought-tolerant downy oak (Quercus pubescens) is at the northern edge of its natural distribution range, often growing in small and spatially isolated populations. Here, we elucidate how the population genetic structure of Central European Q. pubescens was shaped by geographical barriers, genetic drift and introgression with the closely related sessile oak (Q. petraea).

Methods
In total, 27 Q. pubescens populations from the northern margin of its natural distribution range were sampled. Based on 16 nuclear microsatellite markers (nSSRs), Bayesian clustering and distance-based analyses were performed to determine the intraspecific genetic structure and to identify genetic barriers. To identify drivers of introgression with Q. petraea, generalized linear models were applied to link levels of introgression with environmental conditions. To track post-glacial migration routes, the spatial distribution of haplotypes based on eight chloroplast microsatellite markers (cpSSRs) was investigated.

Key Results
Based on nSSRs, the study populations of Q. pubescens were divided into a western and an eastern genetic cluster. Within these clusters, more pronounced genetic substructure was observed in the west, probably due to a rugged topography and limited gene flow. Introgression from Q. petraea was more prevalent at wetter and north-exposed sites and in the west. The identified cpSSR haplotypes followed known migration pathways.

Conclusions
Our results suggest two late-glacial refugia in or near the southwestern Alps and the southeastern Alps as potential sources for post-glacial migration. Although some genetic exchange is evident in northern Italy, south of the Alps, the two clusters remain distinct at a large scale. Landscape features and introgression with Q. petraea shaped the genetic substructure at a smaller scale. Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic structure of Q. pubescens in Central Europe, relevant for conservation.
Exploratory Analysis of Upper Facial Muscle Interplay During Emotional Expressions: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Insights From Young, Caucasian, Toxin-naïve Individuals
Authors: Rams Daniel J , Koziej Mateusz , Shridharani Sachin M , Szczepanek Elżbieta , Gleń Agnieszka , Popiela Tadeusz J , Ostrogórska Monika , Perdikis Galen , Cotofana Mikaela V , Cotofana Sebastian , Alfertshofer Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Understanding the interplay of muscle activity in the upper face is crucial because it can significantly impact the effectiveness and safety of aesthetic treatments. Traditional injection algorithms typically focus on the general 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional anatomy of muscles, often neglecting the areas where muscles exert the greatest force during facial expressions.

Objectives
The goal of this study was to analyze the location of greatest morphological change in the upper facial muscles including the procerus muscle (PM), corrugator supercilii muscle (CSM), orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM), and frontalis muscle (FM) during various facial expressions.

Methods
A total of 34 healthy young individuals (17 females, 17 males), with a mean age of 23.6 ± 2.4 years [range 20-30], were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the length, thickness, and width of the upper facial muscles (PM, CSM, OOM, and FM) for 5 different facial expressions: repose, anger, joy, surprise, and sadness.

Results
Facial muscle thickness is a key indicator of activity during expressions such as anger, joy, surprise, and sadness. During anger, the PM and CSM decreased in length and width but increased in thickness, whereas the FM passively contracted to stabilize the expression. The OOM showed increased thickness in its medial, inferior, lateral, and superior portions during various expressions, with specific regions activating differently depending on the expression, such as the medial and lateral parts during surprise and the inferior and lateral parts during joy. The medial third of the CSM was the most active region during contraction.

Conclusions
Upper facial muscles—as either agonists or antagonists—act together during facial expressions to stabilize facial expressions, emphasizing the need to assess both groups in neuromodulator treatments. The medial third of the corrugator supercilii shows the most significant MRI changes, making it the primary target for injections.

Level of Evidence: 4 (Therapeutic)
The FunCoup Cytoscape App: multi-species network analysis and visualization
Authors: Buzzao Davide , Steininger Lukas , Guala Dimitri , Sonnhammer Erik L L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Functional association networks, such as FunCoup, are crucial for analyzing complex gene interactions. To facilitate the analysis and visualization of such genome-wide networks, there is a need for seamless integration with powerful network analysis tools like Cytoscape.

Results
The FunCoup Cytoscape App integrates the FunCoup web service API with Cytoscape, allowing users to visualize and analyze gene interaction networks for 640 species. Users can input gene identifiers and customize search parameters, using various network expansion algorithms like group or independent gene search, MaxLink, and TOPAS. The app maintains consistent visualizations with the FunCoup website, providing detailed node and link information, including tissue and pathway gene annotations. The integration with Cytoscape plugins, such as ClusterMaker2, enhances the analytical capabilities of FunCoup, as exemplified by the identification of the Myasthenia gravis disease module along with potential new therapeutic targets.

Availability and implementation
The FunCoup Cytoscape App is developed using the Java OSGi framework, with UI components implemented in Java Swing and build support from Maven. The App is available as a JAR file at https://bitbucket.org/sonnhammergroup/funcoup_cytoscape/ repository, and can be downloaded from the Cytoscape App store https://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/funcoup.
A nickel metalloradical bearing a phenalenyl-based tridentate ligand
Authors: Noguchi Hikaru , Kodama Takuya , Kikkawa Soichi , Yamazoe Seiji , Tobisu Mamoru 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A nickel(I) complex 1 bearing a phenalenyl-based tridentate ligand was synthesized. The electronic and spin structures of 1 were elucidated through electronic absorption spectra, electron spin resonance, and X-ray absorption fine structure measurements. Additionally, the metalloradical reactivity of 1 toward diphenyl disulfide and alkyl halides was also demonstrated.
Cyberbullying on Social Media: Definitions, Prevalence, and Impact Challenges
Authors: Ray Geraldine , McDermott Christopher D , Nicho Mathew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cyberbullying on social media is a significant public health concern. This paper systematically reviews the existing literature on cyberbullying to provide a clearer understanding of how it is defined and reported in terms of prevalence and impact. Utilizing the PRISMA search strategy, we examined 71 papers published from 2007 to 2022, offering a comprehensive synthesis of the field’s current understanding. Our findings highlight notable inconsistencies in the definition of cyberbullying across studies, underlining a critical need for a standardized conceptual framework. Additionally, while cyberbullying is shown to be highly prevalent among personalities exhibiting traits of Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism, our review identifies a crucial research gap: the underexploration of cyberbullying among adult populations. This review synthesizes the breadth of research on cyberbullying and highlights gaps in the existing literature. We have included our proposed standardized definition of cyberbullying.
The association between adverse childhood experiences and adult cardiac function in the UK Biobank
Authors: Quiroz Juan C , Cooper Jackie , McCracken Celeste , Khanji Mohammed Y , Laranjo Liliana , Aung Nay , Lee Aaron Mark , Simon Judit , Murphy Theodore , Biasiolli Luca , Piechnik Stefan K , Maurovich-Horvat Pal , Petersen Steffen E , Raisi-Estabragh Zahra 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
The importance of early life factors in determining health in later adulthood is increasingly recognized. This study evaluated the association of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) phenotypes.

Methods and results
UK Biobank participants who had completed CMR and the self-reported questionnaire on traumatic childhood experiences were included. Images were analysed using automated pipelines to extract measures of left and right ventricular (LV and RV) structure and function, myocardial character, and arterial compliance. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the association of childhood adversity with CMR phenotypes adjusting for age, sex, deprivation, education, obesity, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise level, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolaemia. Amongst 30 814 participants analysed, 6023 (19.5%) experienced physical abuse, 2746 (8.9%) sexual abuse, 4685 (15.2%) emotional abuse, 6822 (22.1%) emotional neglect, and 4534 (14.7%) physical neglect. Except for physical abuse, women reported greater rates of childhood adversity than men. Collectively, all types of childhood adversity were associated with smaller LV and RV volumes, greater LV mass, a concentric pattern of LV remodelling, poorer LV and RV function, lower aortic compliance, and greater arterial stiffness. Sexual abuse was associated with unhealthy CMR phenotypes in age- and sex-adjusted models, but these relationships were attenuated in fully adjusted models. Physical neglect had the most prominent pattern of adverse cardiovascular remodelling.

Conclusion
ACEs were associated with unhealthy cardiovascular remodelling in adulthood, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. These findings support the consideration of early life factors in cardiovascular disease risk assessment.
Aligning rhetoric with reality: a qualitative analysis of multistakeholder initiatives in the global food system
Authors: van den Akker Amber , Gilmore Anna B , Fabbri Alice , Knai Cecile , Rutter Harry 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Global food system governance increasingly relies on multistakeholder initiatives (MSIs) that aim to include those who are affected by and/or affected by an issue. Multistakeholderism’s perceived legitimacy is premised on both its outcomes (output legitimacy) and processes (input legitimacy), the latter in turn based on four key rationales: inclusiveness, procedural fairness, consensual orientation and transparency. To date, evidence on the ineffectiveness of MSI’s outcomes undermines its claims to output legitimacy. While individual case study assessments have also raised concerns over their processes, documenting instances of power asymmetries and corporate capture, there has hitherto been no comprehensive assessment of the input legitimacy of multistakeholderism. This work addresses that gap through interviews with 31 participants working either in or on MSIs. Participants noted significant challenges related to input legitimacy, including that (i) inclusion was often based on pre-existing networks of an MSI’s founders—most of whom were based in the global North—and risked excluding less well-resourced or marginalized actors; (ii) pre-existing power imbalances, both internal and external to the MSI, considerably influenced its processes and structures; (iii) goal-setting was complicated by conflicts of interest and (iv) reliance on informal processes limited transparency. The similarities in challenges across MSIs indicate that these are not attributable to shortcomings of individual MSIs but are instead indicative of wider system constraints. Rather than rely on multistakeholderism as a ‘good’ governance norm, our findings add to evidence that MSIs do not meet output legitimacy and signal that the legitimacy of MSIs in their current form should be questioned.
Adolescent health literacy: sociodemographic determinants and its relationship with substance use avoidance
Authors: Fleary Sasha A , Rastogi Somya , Srivastava Venya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for health literacy (HL) development and for decision-making regarding substance use behaviors. Little is known about which sociodemographic factors are related to the three major components of HL (i.e. functional, interactive, critical HL) and the extent to which these components of HL moderate the relationship between sociodemographic determinants of substance use avoidance and avoidance for adolescents. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic determinants of functional, interactive, critical and composite HL among adolescents, and to assess HL’s role as a determinant and moderator of substance use avoidance. Data were collected from 675 adolescents (mean age = 15.5 years, ~53% girls, ~32% Hispanic/Latine) through Qualtrics survey panels and in school settings. Participants completed surveys on social and demographic factors, HL, and substance use. Binary and multinomial logistic regressions were used to address the study aims. In adjusted analyses, adolescents who were girls, Hispanic/Latine (vs. White), food secure, English proficient, had private communications with health providers, and those without impaired decision-making had higher odds of having high HL. Having higher functional, interactive and composite HL increased the odds of substance use avoidance and moderated the effect of age, with younger adolescents with higher HL (vs. low HL) having greater odds of substance use avoidance. Our findings suggest that HL may act as a protective factor against the initiation of substance use in younger adolescents. Thus, HL may be a good intervention strategy to delay substance use initiation for younger adolescents.
Public Attitudes toward On-Going Transitional Justice in Latvia: Sometimes More Isn’t Better
Authors: Horne Cynthia M 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT∞
This article explores Latvia’s continued use of citizenship requirements and language policies as forms of transitional justice to redress vestiges of the Soviet past. This article presents an original 1,000-person survey conducted in June 2023 of Latvian residents’ attitudes toward these measures, which have been on-going for more than 30 years and have been amplified following Russia’s war in Ukraine. Despite the connections made between Russia’s war in Ukraine and potential domestic security threats from resident Russophones and Soviet-era migrants, there was only moderate agreement that transitional justice measures were needed to redress lingering problems of the past. There was lukewarm support for the use of measures to address corruption linked to lingering Soviet-era networks. Instead, respondents overwhelmingly thought the government should focus more on solving current problems than on dealing with the consequences of Soviet-era injustices. Within these trends, divisions emerged between Latvian and ethnic Russians, raising concerns that elongated measures could exacerbate political polarization along socioeconomic and ethnic lines. Generational responses yielded some unexpected results, with the youngest cohort more supportive of continued retributive measures than older cohorts. The survey findings suggest the utility and resonance of these measures might have run their course, and worse, that they could even exacerbate societal divisions.
Assessing Adherence to the PRISMA-DTA Guideline in Diagnostic Test Accuracy Systematic Reviews: A Five-Year Follow-up Analysis
Authors: Salameh Jean-Paul , Moher David , McGrath Trevor A , Frank Robert A , Sharifabadi Anahita Dehmoobad , Islam Nabil , Lam Eric , Adamo Robert , Dawit Haben , Kashif Al-Ghita Mohammed , Levis Brooke , Thombs Brett D , Bossuyt Patrick M , McInnes Matthew D F 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
We evaluated reporting of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) systematic reviews using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-DTA and PRISMA-DTA for abstracts.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE for recent DTA systematic reviews (September 2023–Mar 2024) to achieve a sample size of 100. Analyses evaluated adherence to PRISMA-DTA (and abstracts), on a per-item basis. Association of reporting with journal, country, impact factor (IF), index-test type, subspecialty area, use of supplemental material, PRISMA citation, word count, and PRISMA adoption was evaluated. Comparison to the baseline evaluation from 2019 was done. Protocol: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/P25TE.

Results
Overall adherence (n = 100) was 78% (20.3/26.0 items, SD = 2.0) for PRISMA-DTA and 52% (5.7/11.0 items, SD = 1.6) for abstracts. Infrequently reported items (&lt;33% of studies): eligibility criteria, definitions for data extraction, synthesis of results, and characteristics of the included studies. Infrequently reported items in abstracts were characteristics of the included studies, strengths and limitations, and funding. Reporting completeness for full text was minimally higher in studies in higher IF journals [20.7 vs 19.8 items; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) (0.09; 1.77)], as well as studies that cited PRISMA [21.1 vs 20.1 items; 95%CI (0.04; 1.95)], or used supplemental material (20.7 vs 19.2 items; 95%CI (0.63; 2.35)]. Variability in reporting was not associated with author country, journal, abstract word count limitations, PRISMA adoption, structured abstracts, study design, subspecialty, open-access status, or index test. No association with word counts was observed among full text or abstracts. Compared to the baseline evaluation, reporting was improved for full texts [71% to 78%; 95%CI (1.18; 2.26)] but not for abstracts [50% to 52%; 95%CI (−0.20; 0.60)].

Conclusions
Compared to the baseline evaluation published in 2019, we observed modest improved adherence to PRISMA-DTA and no improvement in PRISMA-DTA for abstracts reporting.