bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overpressure evolution controlled by spatial and temporal changes in the sedimentation rate: Insights from a basin modelling study in offshore Suriname
Authors: Nifuku Ko , Kobayashi Yuki , Araki Yasuhiko , Ashida Takafumi , Taniwaki Takashi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study investigates overpressure evolution and its relationship to the spatial and temporal changes in the sedimentation rate in the passive continental margin of offshore Suriname. We analysed well data to estimate pore pressure at the well locations and to interpret relevant overpressure‐generating mechanisms. Three‐dimensional basin modelling was performed to reconstruct overpressure evolution in the area. The well data indicated disequilibrium compaction as the main overpressure‐forming mechanism. The results of the modelling indicated a temporal variation in the sedimentation rate caused cycles of overpressure formation in the region. Periods of high sedimentation lead to overpressure formation, and this overpressure dissipates during periods of quiescent sedimentation. The latest overpressure development since the Middle–Late Miocene was triggered by a notable increase in the siliciclastic supply to the basin, which reflects the Andean uplift and reorganization of the drainage system. Spatial changes in the sedimentation rate resulted in a lateral variation in the amount of overpressure. Disequilibrium compaction generated large overpressure in the area with a high‐sedimentation rate because of the fast increasing rate of overburden load. In addition, the high‐temperature condition beneath the rapid sedimentation area could cause additional mechanisms for overpressure formation in the deeper part of the basin. This study reveals that the complex overpressure history and its lateral variation in offshore Suriname were mainly caused by a single controlling factor (i.e. the sedimentation rate). This article gives an insight into overpressure evolution in sedimentary basins by considering the perspective of the spatio‐temporal variation in the sedimentation rate and its connection with hinterland evolution.
Extraction, separation, modification, structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of plant polysaccharides
Authors: Huang Hualiang , Huang Gangliang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolysaccharide is an important macromolecule with biological activity, and its biological activity is closely related to its structure. The extraction methods and modification methods of polysaccharides directly affect the structure of polysaccharides and then affect the biological activities of polysaccharides. In this paper, the extraction, separation, and modification of polysaccharides and their advantages and disadvantages were reviewed, and the research methods of structure characterization and antioxidant activity were discussed. This not only provides ideas for optimizing the extraction, separation, and modification methods of plant polysaccharides, but also provides the basic theoretical basis for the structural analysis and antioxidant activity research of plant polysaccharides.
Allergic contact dermatitis due to the liquid skin adhesive Dermabond® predominantly occurs after the first exposure
Authors: Asai Chika , Inomata Naoko , Sato Megumi , Koh Nao , Goda Seiko , Ishikawa Hideyuki , Tanaka Masako , Aihara Michiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical characteristics of patients with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) due to a skin adhesive containing 2‐octyl cyanoacrylate, Dermabond®, have not yet been elucidated.ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with ACD caused by Dermabond® application.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 577 patch tested patients were included. We identified patients with positive patch test results for Dermabond® and evaluated their results concerning (meth)acrylates and ethyl cyanoacrylate adhesive.ResultsNine patients had positive patch test results to Dermabond®; six had developed secondary generalization.The mean time between Dermabond® application and ACD onset was 34 days (range, 27‐44) in six patients with ACD after the first use, whereas, in the other three patients, it was 5.6 days (range, 4‐8) after the second use. The time was significantly different between the two groups (P < .01). Positive reactions to ethyl cyanoacrylate adhesive (Aron Alpha) occurred in seven of nine patients, to ethyl cyanoacrylate 10% pet. in four of eight patients tested, and to 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate in one of eight patients tested.ConclusionsDermabond®‐induced ACD is apparently characterized by a high prevalence of primary sensitization at first exposure to Dermabond®, secondary generalization is frequent, and most patients show cross‐reactivity to ethyl cyanoacrylate.
The elusiveness of representativeness in general population surveys for alcohol: Commentary on Rehm et al.
Authors: Greenfield Thomas K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConcurring with the authors of Rehm et al., this comment endorses their recommendations, but points out that adult household population surveys will still be valuable in cross‐sectional and panel series long based on this frame, recognising too that to fully account for heavy drinkers beyond this frame, though valuable, is onerous (by providing one rigorous example from a county study). Last, the importance of attending to improved alcohol pattern measurement to partly close the gap in population survey coverage is essential as well.
Future of surveys in the alcohol field
Authors: Rehm Jürgen , Kilian Carolin , Manthey Jakob 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResponding to the commentaries on a recent paper on the elusiveness of representativeness in general population alcohol surveys, we can summarise that there is agreement that the status quo of current alcohol surveys is scientifically no longer defensible. Current surveys cannot per se be assumed to yield representative results for the general populations of countries based on a probabilistic sampling alone. Alternatives are discussed and—as for any survey—creative ideas on validating key results on indicators or hypotheses need to be developed and used. This will inevitably lead away from omnibus surveys to more focused studies requiring more complex methodological tools. While there may not be obvious solutions for every problem related to alcohol use prevention and policy or treatment use disorders, and it may take years to find solutions for some of the issues, continued use of the methodology of the status quo will surely fail to answer the questions posed by modern societies concerning these issues.
Early neurological deterioration following thrombolysis for minor stroke with isolated internal carotid artery occlusion
Authors: Boulenoir N. , Turc G. , Henon H. , Laksiri N. , Mounier‐Véhier F. , Girard Buttaz I. , Duong D.‐L. , Papassin J. , Yger M. , Triquenot A. , Lyoubi A. , Ter Schiphorst A. , Denier C. , Baron J.‐C. , Seners P. ,   the MINOR‐STROKE Collaborators
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeBetter understanding the incidence, predictors and mechanisms of early neurological deterioration (END) following intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for acute stroke with mild symptoms and isolated internal carotid artery occlusion (iICAo) may inform therapeutic decisions.MethodsFrom a multicenter retrospective database, we extracted all patients with both National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score <6 and iICAo (i.e. not involving the Willis circle) on admission imaging, intended for IVT alone. END was defined as ≥4 NIHSS points increase within 24 h. END and no‐END patients were compared for (i) pre‐treatment clinical and imaging variables and (ii) occurrence of intracranial occlusion, carotid recanalization and parenchymal hemorrhage on follow‐up imaging.ResultsSeventy‐four patients were included, amongst whom 22 (30%) patients experienced END. Amongst pre‐treatment variables, suprabulbar carotid occlusion was the only admission predictor of END following stepwise variable selection (odds ratio = 4.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–12.2; P = 0.015). On follow‐up imaging, there was no instance of parenchymal hemorrhage, but an intracranial occlusion was now present in 76% vs. 0% of END and no‐END patients, respectively (P < 0.001), and there was a trend toward higher carotid recanalization rate in END patients (29% vs. 9%, P = 0.07). As compared to no‐END, END was strongly associated with a poor 3‐month outcome.ConclusionsEarly neurological deterioration is a frequent and highly deleterious event after IVT for minor stroke with iICAo, and is of thromboembolic origin in three out of four patients. The strong association with iICAo site—largely a function of underlying stroke etiology—may point to a different response of the thrombus to IVT. These findings suggest END may be preventable in this setting.
Are mutual fund investors loss averse? Evidence from China
Authors: Jiang Jie , Shrider David G. , Ting Huangwen , Wu Yanran 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResearch shows that many investors are loss averse (reluctant to sell investments that have lost value). However, there is open debate about whether mutual fund investors suffer from loss aversion. We use over 300,000 Chinese mutual fund investor accounts from five open‐end funds to test for loss aversion using survival analysis controlling for time‐varying covariates (Cox analysis). We find strong evidence of loss aversion as these investors are between 60% and 91% less likely to sell a fund that is down in value across the five funds. We also find that more sophisticated investors are less loss averse.
‘Would you like to eat an insect?’—Children's perceptions of and thoughts about eating insects
Authors: Nyberg Maria , Olsson Viktoria , Wendin Karin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInterest in eating insects has increased in Western countries; however, substantial challenges exist regarding acceptability and cultural ideas. Researchers have widely studied the acceptance of eating insects, but few studies have focused on children's thoughts. The aim of this study is to explore young children's perceptions about eating insects and how this insight might help understanding of ways to increase the willingness to eat insects. Three focus group interviews were conducted with children aged 4–5 years in a public preschool in Sweden. Each focus group consisted of four to five children; in total 13 (eight girls and five boys) participated. In exploring their perceptions of eating insects, the children were balancing between fantasy and reality, and between curiosity and fear, showing many, sometimes contradictory, emotions and relationships to insects as food. The children expressed a clear normative picture of what was considered food, illustrated by ideas about insects being something that are not allowed to eat. They were also concerned about whether the insect was dead before being eaten. Using children's fantasy and curiosity for new things, experimenting with insect‐based products and ingredients in well‐known dishes and contexts, and discussing different ways of eating them, acceptance of eating insects might increase.
Agreement between a single, self‐defined burnout item and the ProQOL burnout subscale for behavioural health staff
Authors: Wolf Chelsea , Schwarz John , Thurstone Christian , Rylander Melanie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBurnout in the field of behavioural health care is widespread. Occupational burnout can negatively impact providers’ well‐being and patient care, as well as lead to substantial fiscal cost to healthcare institutions. The objective of this quality improvement project was to develop a single‐item survey to rapidly assess individual burnout and workforce well‐being among behavioural health staff in our urban, safety‐net hospital. We examined the degree of agreement between a single, self‐defined burnout item from the Mini‐Z and the ProQOL burnout subscale among one hundred and thirty‐five nurses, behavioural technicians and administrative staff. Our findings indicate that ProQOL and Mini‐Z have a low‐to‐moderate correlation at a baseline (k = 0.52, 95% CI 0.26, 0.69). However, using a modified ProQOL cut‐off score with a binary classification of both surveys yields a moderate‐to‐high agreement (K = 0.67, 95% CI 0.54, 0.80). To our knowledge, this is the first published comparison of the Mini‐Z with the ProQOL instrument. The project adheres to the Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE) 2.0 reporting guidelines for quality improvement (Ogrinc et al., 2016). A single, validated question measuring burnout allows for more rapid assessment and the maximization of response rates, both of which are important steps in evaluating the level of burnout of the collective whole.
Optimizing forage production in double‐annual cropping systems under irrigated Mediterranean conditions
Authors: Maresma Ángel , Santiveri Francisca , Chocarro Cristina , Lloveras Jaume 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDouble‐annual cropping systems can increase the productivity of farmland and simultaneously confer environmental benefits, but the optimal combination of crops and cultivation strategies is likely to be region‐specific. For instance, because of the low precipitation and specially in the summer, in Mediterranean environments irrigation is usually needed to grow two crops within a year. In the present 3‐year study, a double‐annual cropping system for forage production (winter crops and maize) was evaluated under irrigated Mediterranean conditions. Eight winter varieties (including barley, Italian ryegrass, oats, oats plus vetch, triticale and wheat) were harvested in April or May. Maize was sown few days after each harvest time. The average forage yield of the winter crops harvested in April was 6.3 Mg/ha dry matter (DM), with an average crude protein (CP) content of 16.4% and a digestibility of 63.4%. The average yield was significantly higher for the crops harvested in May (10.0 Mg/ha DM) but with lower forage quality and digestibility (10.8% CP and 52.8%, respectively digestibility). Maize yields were higher (27.6 Mg/ha DM) in the May than in the April (25.1 Mg/ha DM) sowing date, while the forage quality was similar (7.1% CP, 64.5% digestibility). The total annual forage yield was 31.3 Mg/ha DM for April harvest/sowing date (weighted quality = 8.7% CP, 64.9% digestibility) and 37.6 Mg/ha DM for May harvest/sowing date (weighted quality = 8.2% CP, 60.5% digestibility). Therefore, under conditions of the present research in Mediterranean environments, the May harvest/sowing date was the most convenient strategy to produce forage in double‐annual cropping systems and specially the triticale–maize rotation.
Thermal stability of the nanolayered Fe2AlB2 in nitrogen and argon atmospheres
Authors: Kota Sankalp , Verger Louisiane , Natu Varun , Sokol Maxim , Barsoum Michel W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe thermal stability and decomposition mechanisms of Fe2AlB2 powders, synthesized by reactive powder metallurgy, were studied under nitrogen (N2) or argon (Ar) atmospheres. The effects of using different FeB precursors to synthesize the Fe2AlB2 and hydrochloric acid (HCl) purification treatments on the thermal stability were also investigated. When as‐synthesized Fe2AlB2 powders are treated in dilute HCl to dissolve impurity phases, decomposition in N2 atmospheres occurs readily above 1200 K. The decomposition reaction involves β‐FeB precipitation and the liberated Al atoms reacting with the ambient N2 to form AlN. Under Ar environments, HCl‐treated Fe2AlB2 powders decompose and precipitate β‐FeB, by the out‐diffusion of Al from the nanolaminated structure. Interestingly, isothermal annealing under N2 atmospheres revealed that Fe2AlB2 was more thermally stable when synthesized from lab‐synthesized, instead of commercially available, FeB precursors and when the HCl treatment was avoided. The effects of the various factors on the decomposition temperature and decomposition mechanisms are discussed herein.
Becoming creatures of habit: Among‐ and within‐individual variation in nesting behaviour shift with age
Authors: Delaney David M. , Hoekstra Luke A. , Janzen Fredric J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe quantification of repeatability has enabled behavioural and evolutionary ecologists to assess the heritable potential of traits. For behavioural traits that vary across life, age‐related variation should be accounted for to prevent biasing the microevolutionary estimate of interest. Moreover, to gain a mechanistic understanding of ontogenetic variation in behaviour, among‐ and within‐individual variance should be quantified across life. We leveraged a 30‐year study of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) to assess how age contributes to variation in the repeatability of nesting behaviours. We found that four components of nesting behaviour were repeatable and that accounting for age increased the repeatability estimate for maternal choice of canopy cover over nests. We detected canalization (diminished within‐individual variance with age) of canopy cover choice in a reduced data set despite no shift in repeatability. Additionally, random regression analysis revealed that females became more divergent from each other in their choice of canopy cover with age. Thus, properly modelling age‐related variance should more precisely estimate heritable potential, and assessing among‐ and within‐individual variance components in addition to repeatability will offer a more mechanistic understanding of behavioural variation across age.
Generation and characterization of aptamers against grass carp reovirus infection for the development of rapid detection assay
Authors: Yu Qing , Liu Mingzhu , Wu Siting , Xiao Hehe , Qin Xinling , Li Pengfei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGrass carp reovirus (GCRV) causes devastating viral haemorrhagic disease in farmed grass carp (Ctenopharyngon idellus). As novel molecular probes, aptamers have been widely applied in rapid diagnosis and efficient therapies against virus or diseases. In this study, three single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers were selected against GCRV‐infected CIK cells via SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment technology). Secondary structures predicted by MFOLD indicated that aptamers formed stem‐loop structures, and GVI‐11 had the lowest ΔG value of −30.84 KJ/mol. Three aptamers could specifically recognize GCRV‐infected CIK cells, with calculated dissociation constants (Kd) of 220.86, 176.63 and 278.66 nM for aptamers GVI‐1, GVI‐7 and GVI‐11, respectively, which indicated that they could serve as specific delivery system for antiviral therapies. The targets of aptamers GVI‐1, GVI‐7 and GVI‐11 on the surface of GCRV‐infected cells could be membrane proteins, which were trypsin‐sensitive. Furthermore, FAM‐labelled aptamer GVI‐7 could be applied to detect GCRV infection in vivo. It is the first time to generate and characterize aptamers against GCRV‐infected cells. These aptamers have great potentials in development of rapid diagnosis technology and antiviral agents against GCRV infection in aquaculture.
Suppression of DRR1 results in the accumulation of insoluble ubiquitinated proteins, which impairs drought stress tolerance
Authors: Yu Seong Gwan , Cho Na Hyun , Kim Jong Hum , Oh Tae Rin , Kim Woo Taek 
Published: September 2020

SummaryDrought stress has detrimental effects on plants. Although the abscisic acid (ABA)‐mediated drought response is well established, defensive mechanisms to cope with dehydration‐induced proteotoxicity have been rarely studied. DRR1 was identified as an Arabidopsis drought‐induced gene encoding an ER‐localized RING‐type E3 Ub ligase. Suppression of DRR1 markedly reduced tolerance to drought and proteotoxic stress without altering ABA‐mediated germination and stomatal movement. Proteotoxicity‐ and dehydration‐induced insoluble ubiquitinated protein accumulation was more obvious in DRR1 loss‐of‐function plants than in wild‐type plants. These results suggest that DRR1 is involved in an ABA‐independent drought stress response possibly through the mitigation of dehydration‐induced proteotoxic stress.
Facilitating individuals and families affected by fragile X syndrome to participate in medication trials
Authors: Eley S. E. A. , McKechanie A. G. , Campbell S. , Stanfield A. C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecently, there has been an increasing number of trials of medications for fragile X syndrome (FXS). In order to be adequately powered, trials have involved many centres around the world with relatively small numbers of participants recruited at each site. This study aims to understand the barriers to, and how best to facilitate participation in, medication trials in order to improve recruitment and the experience of participants with FXS.MethodsA mixed methods design was used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. Participants were invited to participate through the UK Fragile X Society, a local mailing list and through social media. Those who agreed to participate completed a quantitative questionnaire and indicated whether they would be willing to participate in a follow‐up focus group.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 328 individuals who either had FXS, or were a parent, carer or family member of an individual with FXS. Over two‐thirds of participants reported concern about side effects, while over one‐third mentioned swallowing tablets, blood tests, financial aspects and travel as barriers to participation. Focus groups with 12 individuals highlighted themes of trial challenges, strategies to overcome these and motivating factors to participate.ConclusionsMany of the factors, which potentially negatively influence participation in a clinical trial for FXS, could be mitigated in relatively simple ways. Easily accessible information, particularly about safety issues, the research team and the trial environment should be standard practice. Desensitisation programmes for blood testing, provision of different preparations of medication (e.g. liquid) and use of a combination of local, remote and site visits to reduce travel and time should also be considered.
Androgen Receptor signaling promotes the neural progenitor cell pool in the developing cortex
Authors: La Rosa Piergiorgio , Bartoli Giulia , Farioli Vecchioli Stefano , Cesari Eleonora , Pagliarini Vittoria , Sette Claudio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeural Progenitor Cells (NPCs) are multipotent cells that are able to self‐renew and differentiate into neurons. The size of the initial pool of NPCs during the brain development strongly affects the number of neurons that compose cortical multi‐layer during development. Gonadal hormones can influence the balance between self‐renewal and differentiation processes. Herein, we investigated the role of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the active metabolite of testosterone, in the regulation of NPC stemness and differentiation. First, we evaluated the expression of the androgen receptor (AR), the transcription factor activated by DHT that mediates the physiological effects of androgens, in NPCs. Western blot analysis showed that DHT‐mediated activation of AR induces mitogenic signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK) in NPCs, whereas luciferase activity assays demonstrated the induction of AR transcriptional activity. AR activation mediated by DHT treatment strongly increased the proliferation of NPCs and reduced their propensity to differentiate into neurons. Furthermore, the effects of AR activation were mediated, at least in part, by increased expression of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family Member A3 enzyme (ALDH1A3). Pharmacological inhibition of ALDH activity with N,N‐diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) reduced the effect of DHT on NPC proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition of AR activity by Enzalutamide reduced the NPC pool in the developing cortex of male C57/BL6 mouse embryos. These findings indicate that androgens engage an AR‐dependent signaling pathway that impact on neurogenesis by increasing the NPC pool in the developing mouse cortex.
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