bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies of internal stress induced by solidification of menthol melt as temporary consolidant in archaeological excavations using resistance strain gauge method
Authors: Chen Xiuxiu , Xu Yang , Chen Ming , Huang Xiao , Luo Hongjie , Song Yicheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Volatile organic solids, such as cyclododecane or menthol, have been employed as temporary reinforcement material during archaeological excavations. They are usually applied as melts and reinforcement is achieved once the melts solidify. Such solidification process can induce internal stress on the artifacts, which can be a big concern, especially to those very precious and fragile ones. However, information about such stress is still extremely limited at present. This paper proposes an experimental method based on resistance strain gauge technique to monitor the deformation induced by solidification of menthol melt. Bending tests are performed on very thin glass slides. The solidification process of menthol melt is well characterized by the development of mechanical strains. Then, menthol melts are applied to three kinds of simulated samples, i.e. glass, sandstone and rice paper, to investigate the mechanical response of preserved bodies upon solidification. It is found that menthol melt will generate certain amount expansion or contraction of the objects upon solidification. The stresses induced, evaluated according to obtained strains, are generally quite small, indicating that application of menthol as reinforcement material is safe in mechanics for cultural relics.
Development and validation of a cancer stem cell-related signature for prognostic prediction in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Feng Zengyu , Shi Minmin , Li Kexian , Jiang Lingxi , Chen Hao , Peng Chenghong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are crucial to malignant behavior and poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In recent years, CSC biology has been widely studied, but practical prognostic signatures based on CSC-related genes have not been established and reported in PDAC. Methods This signature was developed and validated in seven independent PDAC datasets. MTAB-6134 cohort was used as training set, while one Chinese local cohort and five other public cohorts were used for external validation. CSC-related genes with credible prognostic roles were selected to form the signature, and its predictive performance was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and calibration curves. Correlation analysis was employed to clarify the potential biological characteristics. Results A robust signature comprising DCBLD2, GSDMD, PMAIP1, and PLOD2 was developed. It could classify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, and high risk patients had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) compared with low risk patients. Calibration curves and Cox regression analysis demonstrated the powerful predictive performance. ROC curves showed an improved survival prediction provided by this model. Functional analysis revealed positive association between risk score and CSC marker. These results had cross-dataset compatibility. Conclusions We established a novel four-gene signature based on CSC-related genes which could serve as a powerful prognostic tool in PDAC. Impact This signature can offer potential help for further improving current TNM staging system, and providing data for the development of novel personalized therapeutic strategies in the future.
Public Awareness And Knowledge Of Factors Associated With Myopia In Kisumu County, Western Kenya
Authors: Muma Shadrack , Obonyo Stephen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Myopia is a global public health priority. Many modifiable and non modifiable risk factors have been shown to influence the development of myopia, but these factors are not adequately known by the general public. This study assessed public awareness of the factors that are associated with myopia among the general population in Kisumu County, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to February 2020 using an Internet-based questionnaire. We collected basic socio demographic characteristics and investigated participants’ knowledge of risk and protective factors that are associated with myopia. The primary outcome measures were the proportions of participants who identified each option as a risk factor. Logistic regression analysis was performed to compare levels of the knowledge of factors that are associated with myopia across populations with different demographic characteristics. Results: Data from a total of 3,000 respondents were analyzed. The percentages of participants who accurately identified myopia risk factors were the following: 84.24% for genetics, 65.07% for reading and close up work, 56.68% for environmental conditions, 48.74% for visual stress, and 42.66% for diabetes. The percentages of participants who accurately identified myopia corrections were as follows: 90.00% for corrective lenses, 84.69% for corneal refractive surgery and 80.92% for refractive surgery. The majority of Kisumu residents correctly recognized the role of lifestyle factors in the development of myopia but not genetic factors. Levels of knowledge of the factors that are associated with myopia were significantly distinct across populations with different characteristics. The following socio demographic characteristics were associated with more comprehensive knowledge of myopia risk and corrective measures: women, young age, high education levels, white- collar jobs, and history of myopia in a family. Conclusions: Public awareness and knowledge of risk and corrective measures for myopia in Kisumu is still insufficient. More efforts are needed to publicize information about myopia to reduce risk and prevent myopia
Validation of a nomogram to predict survival in patients with ESCC based on examined lymph nodes
Authors: Liao Peng , Cao Li , Chen Hang , Pang Shui-Zi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Current the number of examined LNs are controversial in predicting the survival of ESCC. We aimed to develop an alternative LN-classification-based nomogram to individualize ESCC prognosis.Methods: Using the data of patients diagnosed with ESCC from SEER database between 2004 and 2015, we determined the cut-off values for the number of LNs examined via the K-adaptive partitioning (KAPS) algorithm. A nomogram predicting the survival of ESCC was performed, internally and externally validated, and evaluated by calibration plot, C-index, and decision curve analysis, and compared to the 7th TNM stage.Results: Totally, we included 3629 patients with detailed information. The optimal cut-off for examined LN number was 8. The C-index for the nomogram was higher than the 7th TNM staging (internal: 0.708; 95%CI, 0.678-0.753 vs 0.601; 95%CI, 0.573-0.656, P<0.001; external: 0.687; 95%CI, 0.601-0.734 vs 0.605; 95%CI, 0.563-0.659, P<0.001). Additionally, the nomogram showed good agreement between internal and external validation. DCA analysis showed no matter in the internal cohort or external cohort, the nomogram showed a greater benefit across the period of follow-up compared to 7th TNM stage.Conclusion: We found examining LNs that was more than 8 benefited for prognosis of patients. Based on these, a nomogram with greater benefit for predicting survival of EC patients than TNM staging was constructed.
Motor injury is caused by TBK1 deficiency in the myeloid cell and rescued by PEI-manose-TBK1
Authors: Duan Weisong , Yi Le , Tian Yunyun , Huang Huai-peng , Li Zhongyao , Bi Yue , Guo Moran , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Yakun , Ma Yanqin , Song Xueqin , Liu Yaling , Li Chunyan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: TBK1 haploinsufficiency has been shown to cause both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD); however, the mechanism is unclear. Methods: A myeloid Tbk1 knockout mice (Tbk1-LKO mice) was established. Motor functional and pathological analyses were also performed. The p-TBK1 was tested by flow cytometry in the ALS animal model and patients. The inflammatory proteins and mRNA was analyzed by Western blot and RT-PCR.Results: We found that the latency to fall in seven-month-old Tbk1-LKO mice was significantly reduced on evaluation on two consecutive days. Overall, 25.6% of Tbk1-LKO mice presented paralysis symptoms and signs along with a loosened myelin sheath and axon degeneration at 14-16 months of age. Furthermore, Tbk1 deficiency in myeloid cells induced inflammatory cell infiltration and dysbacteriosis in the digestive tract. Additionally, p-Tbk1 content was reduced by 29.5% and 14.8% in monocytes of definite ALS and probable ALS patients and decreased by 27.6% and 45.5% in the monocytes and microglia of ALS animals, respectively. PEI-mannose-TBK1 or PEI-mannose-SaCas9-sgRNA for deleting mutant SOD1 in macrophages significantly delayed disease onset and prolonged survival in the ALS mouse model. Conclusions: These data suggest that inflammatory monocyte and macrophage infiltration and impaired innate immune defense are contributing factors to ALS and FTD.
Expression and functionality study of 9 Toll-like receptors in drug-naïve non-affective first episode psychosis individuals: a 3-month study
Authors: Juncal-Ruiz Maria , Riesco-Davila Laura , Ramirez-Bonilla Mariluz , Foz Victor Ortiz-Garcia de la , Vazquez-Bourgon Javier , Ayesa-Arriola Rosa , Setien-Suero Esther , Leza Juan Carlos , Lopez-Hoyos Marcos , Crespo-Facorro Benedicto 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a pivotal component of the innate immune system, which are expressed by various subsets of immune cell types, included central nervous system. There are few publications that have studied TLR expression and/or functionality in psychosis, of which most of them have been based on chronic schizophrenia individuals.Objectives: To compare the expression and functionality of 9TLRs in three peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (monocytes, B cells and T cells) within a sample of 33 drug-naïve FEP individuals and 26 healthy volunteers, at baseline and after 3-month of antipsychotic treatment.Methods: The expression of TLR1-9 was assessed by ﬂow cytometry. For the assessment of the TLR functionality (measured as intracellular production of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α following TLR stimulation), cells collected in sodium heparin tubes were polyclonally stimulated for 18h with different agonists for human TLR1–9.Results: Patients showed a lower expression of TLR5 and TLR8 on the three PBMCs at baseline and after 3-month of treatment regarding healthy volunteers (all ps <0.01). We also found less production of some intracellular pro-inflammatory cytokines (especially TNF-α) after TLR stimulation in patients at both baseline and following the medication (all ps <0.01). We have not found differences in the intra-subject analyses after 3-month of treatment.Conclusions: Drug-naive patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders show lower expression of specific TLR receptors as well as lower intracellular concentrations of some pro-inflammatory cytokines after TLR stimulation. These findings may be a consequence of an excessive cell stimulation via exogenous ligands (such as pathogens) and/or endogenous ligands (such as autoimmunity) in such a way that PBMCs could be exhausted to be activated in the in vitro analyses.
Modeling and simultaneous management of electric vehicle penetration and demand response to improve distribution network performance
Authors: Bakhshinejad Alireza , Tavakoli Abdolreza , Moghadam Maziar Mirhosseini 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The usage of electric vehicles is daily increasing. It is predicted that the penetration of electric vehicles in the electrical network will grow steadily during the next few years. This growth of penetration causes major challenges for power system users, especially the distribution network. Firstly, increasing load consumption, especially during peak hours, and secondly, increasing the cost of developing a network to provide load, along with the operation moved away from the optimum point, are the major challenges of the penetration of electric vehicles. The aim of this study is to propose a solution not only to resolve these challenges but also to make an opportunity to improve the network parameters. Methods: The charging and discharging strategy along with two price-based and voltage-based load management programs are proposed to manage the penetration of electric vehicles for economic and technical purposes. The proposed plan is implemented by GAMS and MATLAB software on the distribution network. Results: The test network used in this study is the 37 buses low voltage network. The voltage of this network is 400V and its power reference is 100kVA. The upstream nominal capacity is 800 kVA. The allowed voltage range is also 0.9 pu to 1.05 pu. The network loads are indoor and equipped with electric vehicle parking. Conclusions: The results showed that by properly managing the penetration of electric vehicles along with responsive loads, not only were the network parameters not compromised and the penetration of all the vehicles was managed without the need for network development, but also by applying the proposed strategy, the network parameters were improved.
Clinical characteristics of 10 children with COVID-19 outside of Wuhan in Hubei Province
Authors: Chen Ming , Fan Panpan , Liu Zhi , Li Junhua , Huang Shaowu , Wu Wanwan , Pan Rui , Zhao Dongchi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. This study aims to report the clinical characteristics of children COVID-19 in Xiangyang, a city outside of Wuhan within Hubei Province. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the clinical manifestations, Chest CT imaging, and laboratory characteristics of confirmed cases of children with COVID-19 with WHO interim guidance in Xiangyang Central Hospital from Feb 1 to Mar 10, 2020. 10 children cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR, and were analyzed for epidemiological, demographic, clinical, radiological features and laboratory data. Outcomes were followed up until Mar 10, 2020. Results: 6 cases (60%) had never been to Wuhan but closely contacted with family members with confirmed COVID-19, and 4 cases (40%) had made short term trips to Wuhan alone without familial cluster. Most common symptoms was cough (50%) followed by fever (40%), 4 cases (40%) showed asymptomatic characteristics including 2 cases (20%) with abnormal chest CT imag e . 9 cases (90%) were mild type, only 1 case (10%) was moderate type, none of them progressed in severe or critically disease. 4 (40%) cases showed leucopenia but nonelymphopenia. Abnormalities on chest computed tomograms (CT) were detected among 8 cases (80%), 2 of 4 cases without obvious symptoms had abnormal chest CT. Conclusions: Children's infection is mainly caused by family clusters, and COVID-19 seems less likely to spread from children to adults.The clinical manifestations in children with COVID-19 are non-specific with milder symptoms and good outcomes.
Correlation between SES and BMI and gender-disparity of mediation of lifestyle among Chinese people aged 45 and over
Authors: Xue Li , Ren Xiaohui 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Previous studies suggested the relationship between SES and BMI is different in developing countries and developed countries and lifestyle is medication between SES and BMI. Little research focused on relationship between SES and BMI among the middle and the elderly and gender-disparity of mediation of lifestyle. Methods The data for this study were obtained from the 2015 follow-up data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Structural equation model (SEM) was used to explore the relationships among SES, lifestyles and BMI. Results Among men, the effect of SES on sleeping time and smoking were not statistically significant. SES had a direct positive effect on BMI (β=0.306, P<0.001). Smoking had a direct positive effect on BMI (β=0.180, P<0.001). Among women, SES had a direct negative effect on physical activity (β=-0.048, p<0.05), a direct positive on sleeping time (β=0.048, P<0.05), smoking (β=0.098, P<0.001) and BMI (β=0.168, P<0.001). Physical activity had a direct negative effect on BMI (β=-0.050, P<0.01). Sleeping time (β=0.066, p<0.001) and smoking (β=0.088, p<0.001) both had a direct positive effect on BMI. Conclusion A positive relationship was found between SES and BMI both among middle and old men and women. The gender-disparity of mediation of lifestyle was existed.
Relationship between hypernatremia &amp; Intra-ventricular hemorrhage in very &amp; extremely preterm neonates
Authors: Zada Mohammad Hasan Molooy , Jawad Hajira , Nawabi Qadir , Qianli Qianli , Rehman Khalil Ur , li Jiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background and Objectives For identifying important risk factors that contribute to intra-ventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and hypernatremia in early postnatal life of preterm neonates of extremely low birth weight, with gestational age (GA) matching appropriately and with birth body weight (BBW)Material and Methods The study has been designed to evaluate extremely preterm neonates with GA ≤ 26 weeks and BBW ≤ 1000 g, admitted to different hospitals during the 8 years. The data has been collected every month from 1990-2019Results The regression results indicated a significant relationship between sodium serum level and IVH, hypernatremia in extremely preterm neonates. Hypernatremia and fluctuations are related to sodium that seems to be associated with early severe IVH among preterm neonates It is found that hypernatremia is a major risk factor for IVH in extremely preterm neonates. It is explored that the incidence of hypernatremia in extremely preterm neonates preterm neonates along with other contributing factors. It is recommended for future research to find other contributing factors to examine this research in further details.Conclusion There found some factors significantly affect resuscitation, vaginal delivery, hemoglobin, male sex, level of high sodium serum, fluctuation of serum sodium, and platelet counts are also associated within f severe IVH and hypernatremia. The study concludes, a significant positive relationship between hypernatremia & Intra-ventricular hemorrhage in very & extremely preterm neonates along with other contributing factors. However, further research is required to explore a causal relationship between IVH and hypernatremia in extremely preterm neonates.
Pollen number and vigor contribute to effective ovule numbers among contrasting nitrogen utilization efficiency oilseed rapes genotypes before heart stage
Authors: Guo Xiao , Xie Yuyu , Nan Yunyou , Wu Xiaoming , Chen Biyun , Ma Bao-Luo , Gao Yajun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: While no significant differences in initial ovule number were found among oilseed rape genotypes, there was a large variation in effective ovule number (EON), which determines the final seeds per silique (SPS), a critical component of yield. Up to date, on study has been focused on unraveling the pre-flowering main factors to restrict EON and identifying the critical period of EON formation among contrasting nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) oilseed rape genotypes.Results: In this study, we selected 18 oilseed rape genotypes with different NUtE to identify the main factors that contribute to EON, and determine if genotypes differed in the critical period of EON formation under both field and pot experiments from 2016-2018. Our results showed the high NUtE genotypes also showed 14.3% higher NUtE, accompanied with 29.4% higher yield per plant and 21.1% higher SPS. The greater productivity of the high NUtE oilseed rape genotypes was associated with 44.1% greater pollen number, 23.5% higher pollen vigor, and 39.3% lower ovule abortion rate, compared to the low NUtE genotypes. In addition, at the heart stage, the high NUtE genotypes displayed higher silique net photosynthetic rate, surface area, biomass, and RNA expression levels, compared to the low NUtE ones. Taken together, this study indicated the pollen number, pollen vigor and ovule abortion rate contributed to the final EON of diverse oilseed rape genotypes; the critical period of determining EON among contrasting NUtE genotypes was at the heart stage.Conclusion: Increasing pollen number and vigor, and decreasing ovule abortion rate before the heart stage should be the prerequisite for breeders to improve yield and NUtE of oilseed rape genotypes.
Improving oral hygiene may attenuate occurrence of head and neck cancer: nation-wide population based cohort study.
Authors: Woo Ho Geol , Lee Kijeong , Lee Ji Sung , Kim Jinkwon , Chang Younkyung , Kim Jin-Woo , Song Tae Jin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: In previous case-control and cross-sectional studies, less frequent dental visits, infrequent tooth brushing, presence of periodontal disease, and increased number of tooth loss were shown to be associated with increased risk of head and neck cancer. However, studies regarding the association of periodontal disease and parameters of oral health with occurrence of head and neck cancer have been lacking particularly in longitudinal setting. We aimed to investigate the relationship between parameters of oral health and risk of head and neck cancer in a nationwide general population-based cohort.Methods : We included 150,774 subjects from the Korean National Health Insurance System-Health Screening Cohort for demographics, past history, and laboratory findings. The presence of periodontal disease and parameters of oral health including frequency of tooth brushings, dental visit for any reason, expertised dental cleaning, and number of tooth loss were investigated. Head and neck cancer was defined as International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 codes of ‘C00-C14’.Results: During median 11.1 years of follow-up, 1,155 (0.76%) head and neck cancers occurred. Based on multivariable analysis, after adjusting for demographics, alcohol intake, smoking, regular exercise, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, blood and urinary laboratory findings, and parameters of oral health, frequent tooth brushing (more than three times per day) was related to lower risk of head and neck cancer (hazard ratio, HR: 0.78, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.66–0.93, p=0.005). Increased number of tooth loss was positively associated with occurrence of head and neck cancer (p value for trend test for HR <0.001).Conclusions : The occurrence of head and neck cancer was decreased with the more frequent tooth brushing (more than three times per day) and increased with the number of tooth loss. In regards of head and neck cancer prevention, improving oral hygiene may have significant contribution.