bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma‐Induced Polymerizations: A New Synthetic Entry in Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Ni Bin , Zhang Mengxue , Guyon Cédric , Keller Patrick , Tatoulian Michael , Li Min‐Hui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe research on soft actuators including liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) becomes more and more appealing at a time when the expansion of artificial systems is blooming. Among the various LCE actuators, the bending deformation is often in the origin of many actuation modes. Here, a new strategy with plasma technology is developed to prepare single‐layer main‐chain LCEs with thermally actuated bending and contraction deformations. Two distinct reactions, plasma polymerization and plasma‐induced photopolymerization, are used to polymerize in one step the nematic monomer mixture aligned by magnetic field. The plasma polymerization forms cross‐linked but disoriented structures at the surface of the LCE film, while the plasma‐induced photopolymerization produces aligned LCE structure in the bulk. The actuation behaviors (bending and/or contraction) of LCE films can be adjusted by plasma power, reaction time, and sample thickness. Soft robots like crawling walker and flower mimic are built by LCE films with bending actuation.
Effects of chloride ions on electrochemical reaction of 316 stainless steel in mixtures of molten nitrate salts
Authors: Zhu M. , Zeng S. , Sharif A. , Cao B. , Zhang H. , Wang M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEffects of chloride ion on decomposition of ternary nitrate and corrosion behaviors of 316 stainless steel (316 SS) were studied by electrochemical corrosion tests in molten salt. Chemical composition and morphology of the corrosion products were analyzed using x‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy disperse spectroscopy. Composition analysis for molten salt combined with morphology analyses of corrosion layer showed that presence of chlorine ions slowed down decomposition of ternary nitrate and increased corrosion rate of stainless steel markedly. The polarization curve obtained indicated that the corrosion current density increased from 3.02 mA ⋅ cm−2 to 8.76 mA ⋅ cm−2 with the addition of 10 % NaCl. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated a decrease in charge‐transfer resistance of the double layer between 316 SS and ternary Nitrate containing 10 % NaCl, resulting in a decreased corrosion resistance of 316 SS.
sRAGE as severe acute bronchiolitis biomarker, prospective observational study
Authors: Sierra‐Colomina Montserrat , García‐Salido Alberto , Leoz‐Gordillo Inés , Martínez de Azagra‐Garde Amelia , Melen Gustavo , García‐Teresa María Ángeles , Iglesias‐Bouzas Mabel , Nieto‐Moro Montserrat , Ramírez‐Orellana Manuel , Serrano‐González Ana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesAcute bronchiolitis (AB) is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants and around 5% require intensive care treatment. Early identification of children diagnosed with AB at a high risk of severe progression is of great interest. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), highly expressed in lung tissue, regulates immune responses and inflammation, and its soluble form, sRAGE, is believed to have an anti‐inflammatory role. We hypothesized serum sRAGE might be a major determinant of AB severity and prognosis. This study was conducted to measure serum sRAGE in infants with severe AB and to assess its correlation with clinical severity, immediate complications, and outcome.MethodsSingle‐center, prospective, observational study of hospitalized children with severe bronchiolitis admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), from September 2015 to September 2016.ResultsA total of 52 children and 27 controls were included. The cases age ranged from 11 days to 21 months, resulting in a significant age difference with controls (11.85 vs 4.84 months, P < .01). Serum levels of sRAGE were lower but not significant in severe AB patients than in controls (1350.93 vs 1450.42 pg/mL; P = .399). No correlation was found between serum sRAGE and causative viruses, clinical symptoms, Wood‐Downes score (a clinical severity score) on admission, respiratory support, or length of hospital stay. Serum sRAGE was also lower in the cases having had a previous respiratory disease (1463.84 vs 1072.43 pg/mL; P = .049). However, it was higher in patients with any lung consolidation on the chest X‐ray (1584.79 vs 1131.62 pg/mL; P = .044) and weakly positively correlated with classical biomarkers (maximum C‐reactive protein, +0.295, P = .034; maximum procalcitonin, +0.309; P = .029).ConclusionThis single‐center study reveals that sRAGE couldn't predict AB severity or outcome in children hospitalized at PICU. Nevertheless, it significantly increased in the presence of any lung consolidation and had a positive correlation with classical biomarkers. The utility of sRAGE in this population could be probably elucidated with a better understanding of AGE‐RAGE axis.
Asymmetric return–volatility relation around the clock
Authors: Kao Erin H. , Lien Donald , Ho Tsung‐wu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study examines the return‐realized volatility (RV) relation at daily and intraday frequencies. Using daily data, we find the contemporaneous return is the dominating factor for RV, which is in support of the behavioral explanation. For intraday data, we further find a significantly positive (negative) relation between contemporaneous positive (negative) return and RV, which is consistent with prospect theory. Quantile regression analysis documents a U‐shaped (inverted U‐shaped) contemporaneous return‐volatility relation for positive (negative) returns across volatility quantiles during the daytime trading period. In addition, we find the affect heuristic is more aggressive at overnight trading period.
Non‐geostationary satellite orbit communications satellite constellations history
Authors: Butash Tom , Garland Peter , Evans Barry 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis special issue of the journal on ‘constellations’ comes at a critical time in their development as a second wave of such non‐geostationary satellite orbit (NGSO) systems is being planned and deployed. These mega‐constellations as they have become known are, with a few exceptions, very much larger than those in the first wave and are focused on broadband and 5G applications rather than speech and narrow band data as those deployed in the first wave during the 1990s. However, as we explain in this editorial, there are many similarities in the design and business plans to the first wave and, perhaps, many similar lessons to be learned.
The Heterogenized Hexazatricyclic Complexes as Solid Acid Catalyst for the Degradation of Rhodamine‐b
Authors: Reddy Gontu Ramanjaneya , Kattela Chennakesavulu , Sengottuvelan Balasubramanian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present work describes the one‐pot template synthesis of solid acid photocatalyst, was designed by the copper(II) complex (CPEA) of 14‐membered hexaazamacrocyclic ligand (4, 11‐bis‐ (methyl)‐1, 8 α ‐ methyl benzyl −1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 13‐hexaaza cyclotetradecane) and porous zeolite‐Y. The synthesized homogeneous photocatalyst (CPEA) was impregnated in the micropores of zeolite‐Y and the solid catalyst termed as CPEAY. The CPEA and CPEAY were investigated by XPS, EPR, FTIR, DRS/UV‐visible, XRD, BET, N2 ‐ adsorption isotherms, SEM, TEM, ESI‐mass and TGA. The photocatalytic performance of these compounds evaluated in the removal of rhodamine‐B (RhB) dye under UV and visible light illumination. At optimized parameters, the CPEAY, exhibits 100 % dye removal efficiency for the degradation of RhB, when compared with CPEA complex. The CPEAY catalyst stability and reusability in the degradation of RhB were comprehensively studied for four times and shows the identical catalytic ability with fresh catalyst.
Numerical simulation of substandard beam‐column joints with different failure mechanisms
Authors: Yurdakul Özgür , Del Vecchio Ciro , Di Ludovico Marco , Avşar Özgür 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGenerating the nonlinear behavior of substandard beam‐column joints is challenging. Difficulties arise even more in reproducing the contribution of different nonlinear mechanisms (and their mutual effects) on the global cyclic response. This paper deals with the advanced numerical modeling of substandard reinforced concrete (RC) beam‐column joints designed with structural details and material properties non‐conforming to current seismic codes. Refined numerical models developed in VecTor2 and ATENA Science finite element (FE) software are investigated in detail to identify the factors affecting the global and local joint response. Two different modeling strategies are closely compared with experimental results of joint subassemblies with different failure modes in terms of hysteric response, crack pattern and its development, and local deformations at the joint panel and framing members. The advantages‐disadvantages, difficulties in implementing the numerical model and their capability to reproduce the experimental behavior are discussed in detail. The comparison against experimental results in terms of local and global response is useful to assess the accuracy of the proposed models and it provides details on their applicability.
Prediction of early compressive strength of mortars at different curing temperature and relative humidity by a modified maturity method
Authors: Sun Bochao , Noguchi Takafumi , Cai Gaochuang , Chen Qingkai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental and modeling study on the influence of curing temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) on the development of early‐age compressive strength of cement mortars. By introducing an RH factor γRH into the age conversion factor of concrete, a modified maturity function was proposed considering both effects of T and RH on the mechanical properties of mortars. Test results proved that T and RH both had a considerable effect on the compressive strength of mortars, especially at the later stage of curing. The RH factor γRH increased as curing RH of mortars, and decreased with their curing age when the mortars were under an unsaturated state. The results also show that the factor γRH could be formulated by a modified hyperbola function. With the proposed RH modified maturity function, the prediction of compressive strength was verified having a high consistency with the experimental results.
Handling the COVID‐19 crisis: Toward an agile model‐based systems approach
Authors: de Weck Olivier , Krob Daniel , Lefei Li , Lui Pao Chuen , Rauzy Antoine , Zhang Xinguo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has caught many nations by surprise and has already caused millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. It has also exposed a deep crisis in modeling and exposed a lack of systems thinking by focusing mainly on only the short term and thinking of this event as only a health crisis. In this paper, authors from several of the key countries involved in COVID‐19 propose a holistic systems model that views the problem from a perspective of human society including the natural environment, human population, health system, and economic system. We model the crisis theoretically as a feedback control problem with delay, and partial controllability and observability. Using a quantitative model of the human population allows us to test different assumptions such as detection threshold, delay to take action, fraction of the population infected, effectiveness and length of confinement strategies, and impact of earlier lifting of social distancing restrictions. Each conceptual scenario is subject to 1000+ Monte‐Carlo simulations and yields both expected and surprising results. For example, we demonstrate through computational experiments that maintaining strict confinement policies for longer than 60 days may indeed be able to suppress lethality below 1% and yield the best health outcomes, but cause economic damages due to lost work that could turn out to be counterproductive in the long term. We conclude by proposing a hierarchical Computerized, Command, Control, and Communications (C4) information system and enterprise architecture for COVID‐19 with real‐time measurements and control actions taken at each level.
Negative emissions and the long history of carbon removal
Authors: Carton Wim , Asiyanbi Adeniyi , Beck Silke , Buck Holly J. , Lund Jens F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent IPCC assessments highlight a key role for large‐scale carbon removal in meeting the objectives of the Paris Agreement. This focus on removal, also referred to as negative emissions, is suggestive of novel opportunities, risks, and challenges in addressing climate change, but tends to build on the narrow techno‐economic framings that characterize integrated assessment modeling. While the discussion on negative emissions bears important parallels to a wider and older literature on carbon sequestration and carbon sinks, this earlier scholarship—particularly from the critical social sciences—is seldom engaged with by the negative emissions research community. In this article, we survey this “long history” of carbon removal and seek to draw out lessons for ongoing research and the emerging public debate on negative emissions. We argue that research and policy on negative emissions should proceed not just from projections of the future, but also from an acknowledgement of past controversies, successes and failures. In particular, our review calls attention to the irreducibly political character of carbon removal imaginaries and accounting practices and urges acknowledgement of past experiences with the implementation of (small‐scale) carbon sequestration projects. Our review in this way highlights the importance of seeing continuity in the carbon removal discussion and calls for more engagement with existing social science scholarship on the subject. Acknowledging continuity and embracing an interdisciplinary research agenda on carbon removal are important aspects in making climate change mitigation research more responsible, and a precondition to avoid repeating past mistakes and failures.This article is categorized under:
The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Benefits of Mitigation
RNA localization in prokaryotes: Where, when, how, and why
Authors: Irastortza‐Olaziregi Mikel , Amster‐Choder Orna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOnly recently has it been recognized that the transcriptome of bacteria and archaea can be spatiotemporally regulated. All types of prokaryotic transcripts—rRNAs, tRNAs, mRNAs, and regulatory RNAs—may acquire specific localization and these patterns can be temporally regulated. In some cases bacterial RNAs reside in the vicinity of the transcription site, but in many others, transcripts show distinct localizations to the cytoplasm, the inner membrane, or the pole of rod‐shaped species. This localization, which often overlaps with that of the encoded proteins, can be achieved either in a translation‐dependent or translation‐independent fashion. The latter implies that RNAs carry sequence‐level features that determine their final localization with the aid of RNA‐targeting factors. Localization of transcripts regulates their posttranscriptional fate by affecting their degradation and processing, translation efficiency, sRNA‐mediated regulation, and/or propensity to undergo RNA modifications. By facilitating complex assembly and liquid–liquid phase separation, RNA localization is not only a consequence but also a driver of subcellular spatiotemporal complexity. We foresee that in the coming years the study of RNA localization in prokaryotes will produce important novel insights regarding the fundamental understanding of membrane‐less subcellular organization and lead to practical outputs with biotechnological and therapeutic implications.This article is categorized under:
RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Introduction: Fighting Against Illicit Tobacco Trade in the Era of Fast Change
Authors: Nowak Celina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis chapter outlines the framework of the research presented in this volume. It starts with a notion that national criminal policies on illicit tobacco trade are a part of the national tobacco control policy, and at the same time a part of a general national criminal policy and points to the need for an in-depth research of national criminal laws in this regard. It presents the scope of the research, which consists in a comparative analysis about the illicit tobacco trade and about efforts to counteract that trade in six EU Member States—four post-communist states (Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Romania), on the Eastern border of the Union and two “old” EU Member States (Germany, Italy).
International Legal Framework on the Fight Against Illicit Tobacco Trade: An Overview
Authors: Nowak Celina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis chapter addresses binding legal provisions referring to combating illicit tobacco trade in international law and EU law. Analysis covers first the relevant provisions of the World Health Organisation Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. More detailed provisions in this regard are provided for in the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products to the Convention. EU legal instruments as well as other relevant international instruments are also examined, even though they do have a penal character.
The Italian National Legal Framework Related to Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products
Authors: Negri Daniele 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe chapter firstly examines the Italian legal background in the field of illicit trade of tobacco products, both in a substantive and procedural criminal law perspective, highlighting the complexity of the normative scenario and trying to identify the main existing best practices. Empirical data referred to the level of asset recovery in the fight against illicit trade of tobacco are also provided, as well as with regard to the main criminological aspects of smuggling cases investigated and prosecuted in Italy.Finally, the author presents his conclusion by highlighting the theoretical adequacy of the national legal framework in ensuring effective instruments for contrasting the illegal trade of tobacco products, but also underlining the lack of stable communicative channels for the exchange of information between the public authorities involved.
Legal and Practical Challenges of Combating Illicit Trade of Tobacco in Poland
Authors: Buczkowski Konrad , Dziekański Paweł 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the analysis of four main criminal aspects of smuggling in Poland. The first part presents criminal law regulations including regulations on fiscal offences. It was necessary to show criminal reacquisition measures as a result of this kind of crimes. Next, the issues procedural rules with very important matter like international cooperation between authorities to combat global illicit trade. The last part allow to understand the phenomenon of illicit trade of tobacco products, modus operandi and provide basic data on smuggling in Poland.
A Complex Legal Framework for a Lack of Legal Certainty: Case Study of Romania
Authors: Bogdan Sergiu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe chapter deals with Romanian legal framework related to illicit trade in tobacco products, both in criminal and administrative law. Criminological data as well as preventive measures on illicit trade in tobacco products in Romania are also presented. In addition, various aspects of cooperation matters concerning control and prevention of the illicit trade of tobacco products in Romania, which due to its geographical location deals with significant flows of illegal cigarettes from non-EU Member States.
Prevention and Repression of Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products: Experience of Slovakia
Authors: Klimek Libor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIllegal smuggling with tobacco products as well as trafficking in drugs are crucial problems of modern society, including the Slovak Republic. The chapter deals with the theoretical and applicable issues of the Illegal smuggling with tobacco products in the Slovak Republic. It is divided into three sections. The first section is focused on national legal framework related to illicit trade in tobacco products. While the second section is focused on criminological data, the last third section is focused on preventive measures.
More on effective potentials for revolving D-branes
Authors: Iso Satoshi , Kitazawa Noriaki , Ohta Hikaru , Suyama Takao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe continue to investigate the effective potential between a pair of Dp-branes revolving around each other by using the technique ofpartial modular transformationdeveloped in our previous work. We determine the shape of the potential for generalpfor a wide range of regions interpolating smaller and larger distances than the string scalels. We also discuss the backreaction of the D-brane system to the space-time metric and the validity of our calculations.
Flavor broken QCD3 at large N
Authors: Baumgartner Andrew 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We examine the vacuum structure of QCD3 with flavor group U (f)×U (Nf−f) in the limit N → ∞ with g2N =fixed. We find that, generically, the resolution of critical points into a series of first order pahse transitions persists at special locations in the phase diagram. In particular, the number of Grassmannians that one traverses and their locations in the phase diagram is a function of f.
Neue Wege in der Hörrehabilitation nach Cochleaimplantation
Authors: Völter C. , Schirmer C. , Röber M. , Hinsen D. , Dazert S. , Bilda K. 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Nach einer Cochleaimplantation (CI) ist i.d.R. ein Hör- und Sprachtraining erforderlich, das bislang entweder ambulant oder stationär im direkten Kontakt mit einem Therapeuten erfolgt. Bedingt durch technische Weiterentwicklungen, aber vor allem durch die zunehmende Nutzung digitaler Medien und dem Wunsch nach Mobilität und Selbständigkeit steigt der Bedarf an digitalen Trainingsprogrammen auch im Rahmen der Hörrehabilitation.

Material und Methoden
In einem ersten Schritt wurden entsprechend den gängigen Hör- und Sprachverarbeitungsmodellen die wichtigsten Elemente eines Hörtrainings definiert und die Kernbausteine für eine computerbasierte teletherapeutische Hörplattform bestimmt. Dabei wurden lerntherapeutisch orientierte Elemente der Motivationsförderung sowie Mechanismen der Adaptivität, wie sie im Rahmen der logopädischen Therapie eingesetzt werden, berücksichtigt. In einem zweiten Schritt erfolgte die Entwicklung eines ersten Prototyps der teletherapeutischen Hörplattform „train2hear“ im Rahmen eines interdisziplinären Forschungsprojektes.

Ergebnisse
Kernbaustein des vorgestellten „train2hear“ Hörtrainings ist eine an die „International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health“ (ICF) angelehnte Eingangsanalyse, aufgrund derer ein individueller Trainingsplan erstellt wird. Verschiedene Adaptivitätsmechanismen dienen dazu, den Schwierigkeitsgrad kontinuierlich an den individuellen Lernfortschritt des Nutzers anzupassen. Ein teletherapeutisches Videotool ermöglicht den Austausch mit dem Therapeuten vor Ort.

Diskussion/Fazit
Die vorgestellte Plattform „train2hear“ stellt einen ersten deutschsprachigen Prototyp einer computerbasierten Hörrehabilitation dar. Dieser muss nun im Rahmen einer klinischen Studie im Hinblick auf die Anwendbarkeit und Effektivität evaluiert und weiterentwickelt werden.