bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mode transition of air surface micro-discharge and its effect on the water activation and antibacterial activity
Authors: Xi Wang , Wang Wei , Liu Zhijie , Wang Zifeng , Guo Li , Wang Xiaohua , Rong Mingzhe , Liu Dingxin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The chemical characteristics of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma generated in air are very sensitive to some factors, such as environment temperature and discharge power. There are two typical modes, namely the ozone mode and nitrogen oxides mode. In this paper, the air surface micro-discharge plasma in the ozone mode and nitrogen oxides mode are respectively generated at environment temperatures of 5 °C and 50 °C when discharge power is almost kept at 6 W, and the plasma-activated water (PAW) is prepared by means of passing the plasma exhaust gases into deionized water. By comparing the reactive species in PAW under these two modes and their sterilization effects, it is found that the concentrations of H+, H2O2, NO2
−, NO3
− and ONOO− in PAW for the nitrogen oxides mode are about 2–3 fold over those for the ozone mode, while the concentration of O3 in PAW for the ozone mode is more than 28 times that in the nitrogen oxides mode. The sterilization effect under the nitrogen oxides mode is two orders of magnitude higher than that in the ozone mode. For the biological effects, it is found that treatment of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus suspension by PAW leads to approximately a four-log reduction in the nitrogen oxides mode, which is higher than that in the ozone mode, leading to speculations that the reactive nitrogen species represented by ONOO− in PAW may be the critical species in sterilization. Furthermore, the transition between ozone mode and nitrogen oxides mode can be achieved by adjusting the discharge power. Interestingly, both of the compositions and concentrations of the reactive species in gas and liquid phases under 5 °C & 9.5 W and 50 °C & 6 W conditions are roughly identical, indicating that the effect of environment temperature on the mode transition is consistent with that of discharge power.
Growth of films with seven-coordinated diorganotin(IV) complexes and PEDOT:PSS structurally modified for electronic applications
Authors: Sánchez-Vergara María Elena , Motomochi-Lozano José David , Cosme Ismael , Hamui Leon , Olivares Antonio J , Galván-Hidalgo José Miguel , Gómez Elizabeth 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This work refers to the manufacture and characterization of organic electronic devices made from seven-coordinated diorganotin(IV) complexes and the polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedyoxithiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). In order to obtain the best electronic behavior, the devices were manufactured by spin-coating with seven-coordinated diorganotin(IV) complexes, synthetized with different peripheral substituents. The modification of the polarity in the molecule, from the presence of the different functional groups, is used as a way to enhance the charge transport inside the devices. Additionally, the devices received a post-treatment with isopropyl alcohol, in order to change the structure of PEDOT:PSS from benzoid form to quinoid form. The electric charge transport was evaluated from the current density–voltage characteristics, under dark and illuminated conditions. The devices present a mobility of ∼10−9 cm2/Vs decreasing to values of ∼10−11–10−10 cm2/Vs. They display a photocurrent of ∼10−7–10−8 A cm−2 and a reduction is observed after the treatment. It is mainly the presence of the peripheral substituents in the diorganotin(IV) complexes, and not the polymer structure, that causes the electrical behavior of the device. The films made from seven-coordinated diorganotin(IV) complex particles deposited on the PEDOT:PSS, as well as their post-treatment, were characterized by Raman, ultraviolet-vis spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy and atomic force microscopy.
Prethermalization of quantum systems interacting with non-equilibrium environments
Authors: Anglés-Castillo Andreu , Bañuls Mari Carmen , Pérez Armando , De Vega Inés 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The usual paradigm of open quantum systems falls short when the environment is actually coupled to additional fields or components that drive it out of equilibrium. Here we explore the simplest such scenario, by considering a two level system coupled to a first thermal reservoir that in turn couples to a second thermal bath at a different temperature. We derive a master equation description for the system and show that, in this situation, the dynamics can be especially rich. In particular, we observe prethermalization, a transitory phenomenon in which the system initially approaches thermal equilibrium with respect to the first reservoir, but after a longer time converges to the thermal state dictated by the temperature of the second environment. Using analytical arguments and numerical simulations, we analyze the occurrence of this phenomenon, and how it depends on temperatures and coupling strengths. The phenomenology gets even richer if the system is placed between two such non-equilibrium environments. In this case, the energy current through the system may exhibit transient features and even switch direction, before the system eventually reaches a non-equilibrium steady state.
Controlled local release of PPARγ agonists from biomaterials to treat peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Rayner M L D , Grillo A , Williams G R , Tawfik E , Zhang T , Volitaki C , Craig D Q M , Healy J , Phillips J B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective. Poor clinical outcomes following peripheral nerve injury (PNI) are partly attributable to the limited rate of neuronal regeneration. Despite numerous potential drug candidates demonstrating positive effects on nerve regeneration rate in preclinical models, no drugs are routinely used to improve restoration of function in clinical practice. A key challenge associated with clinical adoption of drug treatments in nerve injured patients is the requirement for sustained administration of doses associated with undesirable systemic sideeffects. Local controlled-release drug delivery systems could potentially address this challenge, particularly through the use of biomaterials that can be implanted at the repair site during the microsurgical repair procedure. Approach. In order to test this concept, this study used various biomaterials to deliver ibuprofen sodium or sulindac sulfide locally in a controlled manner in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. Following characterisation of release parameters in vitro, ethylene vinyl acetate tubes or polylactic-co-glycolic acid wraps, loaded with ibuprofen sodium or sulindac sulfide, were placed around directly-repaired nerve transection or nerve crush injuries in rats. Main results. Ibuprofen sodium, but not sulindac sulfide caused an increase in neurites in distal nerve segments and improvements in functional recovery in comparison to controls with no drug treatment. Significance. This study showed for the first time that local delivery of ibuprofen sodium using biomaterials improves neurite growth and functional recovery following PNI and provides the basis for future development of drug-loaded biomaterials suitable for clinical translation.
Wannier–Mott excitons in GaSe single crystals
Authors: Zalamai V V , Syrbu N N , Stamov I G , Beril S I 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The absorption, reflection and photoluminescence spectra of GaSe crystals with different thicknesses (100 nm–1 mm) were investigated in a wide temperature interval (300 K–10 K). Features due to excitonic states in the spectra were recognized. The contours of the excitonic reflection spectra measured at 10 K were calculated by dispersion equations. On the basis of these calculations, the parameters of the observed excitons were determined. Photoluminescence spectra from the cleaved surface and from the uncleaved facet of a sample were measured at low temperatures.
Enhanced NH3 sensing properties of carboxyl functionalized carbon nanocoil
Authors: Wang Luyu , Song Jia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Based on Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensing platform, modifying functional groups was usually used to improve the performance of sensing materials. In this work, we reported a novel sensing material, carboxyl functionalized carbon nanocoil by acidification treatment. It was found that carboxyl functionalized carbon nanocoil had excellent reversible response to ammonia (NH3), and the response to 50 ppm NH3 was as high as 8.1 Hz. As a contrast, pristine carbon nanocoil had only 2 Hz response to 50 ppm NH3. The enhanced response should be ascribed to the hydrogen bond adsorption between carboxyl gropus and NH3 molecules. These results demonstrated that carboxyl functionalization could improve the NH3 sensing performance of carbon nanocoil, which has potential in monitoring NH3 in the future.
SCC behavior and susceptibility prediction mode of SMA490BW weathering steel under cathodic potential
Authors: Zeng Qiang , Fu Zhenghong , Yang Bangjian , Gou Guoqing , Chen Hui , Zhu ShaoWei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
SMA490BW weathering steel has been used to manufacture high speed train bogie structures. However, its stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior was not very clearly, let alone the prediction mode. In this work, combined with fracture surface analysis by SEM, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization analysis, the SCC behavior of SMA490BW steel in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution under cathodic potentials from open circuit potential (OCP) to −1200 mVSCE (SCE = saturated calomel electrode) was studied using slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) method at 25 °C. The results indicated that the SCC susceptibility index (I

SSRT
) decreased with the applied potential negative shift from OCP (I

SSRT
= 0.31) to −800 mVSCE (I

SSRT
= 0.11) by anodic dissolution (AD) mechanism, and then sharply increased with the potential negatively increasing (I

SSRT
= 0.41 at −1200 mVSCE) by hydrogen embrittlement (HE) mechanism. The SCC susceptibility could be preliminarily predicted using the mode founded as a function of charge transfer resistance (R

t
):

I

S
S
R
T

=
0.329
×
exp

−

R

t

2840.965

+
0.086
.

This study will be helpful for the service assessment of high speed train bogie structure and other structures manufactured by SMA490BW steel.
Impact of Safety-Net Burden on In-Hospital Mortality and Hospitalization Costs Among Patients with Alcoholic Hepatitis and Alcoholic Cirrhosis
Authors: Ladhani Sanah , Hirode Grishma , Singal Ashwani K , Wong Robert J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and alcoholic cirrhosis disproportionately affect ethnic minority and safety-net populations. We evaluate the impact of a hospital’s safety net burden (SNB) on in-hospital mortality and costs among patients with AH and alcoholic cirrhosis.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 2012–2016 National Inpatient Sample. SNB was calculated as percentage of hospitalizations with Medicaid or uninsured payer status. Associations between hospital SNB and in-hospital mortality and costs were evaluated with adjusted multivariable logistic regression and linear regression models.

Results
Among 21,898 AH-related hospitalizations, compared to low SNB hospitals (LBH), patients hospitalized in high SNB hospitals (HBH) were younger (44.4 y vs. 47.4 y, P &lt; 0.001) and more likely to be African American (11.3% vs. 7.7%, P &lt; 0.001) or Hispanic (15.4% vs. 8.4%, P &lt; 0.001). AH-related hospitalizations in HBH had a non-significant trend towards higher odds of mortality (OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.98–1.65, P = 0.07) and higher mean hospitalizations costs. Among 108,669 alcoholic cirrhosis-related hospitalizations, patients in HBH were younger (53.3 y vs. 55.8 y, P &lt; 0.001) and more likely to be African American (8.2% vs. 7.3%, P &lt; 0.001) or Hispanic (24.4% vs. 12.0%, P &lt; 0.001) compared to LBH. Compared to alcoholic cirrhosis-related hospitalizations in LBH, mortality was higher among medium SNB (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03–1.17, P = 0.007) and HBH (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00–1.15, P = 0.05). Mean hospitalization costs were not different by SNB status.

Conclusions
HBH hospitals predominantly serve ethnic minorities and underinsured/uninsured populations. The higher in-hospital mortality associated HBH particularly for alcoholic cirrhosis patients is alarming given its increasing burden in the USA.
Improvements in Parental Emotional Well-Being During Home Visiting Support: What Works for Whom?
Authors: Warner Nell 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Home visitors can support parents who have low levels of emotional well-being. While support may be effective for some families, the circumstances in which it is effective are less well understood. Longitudinal administrative data from Home-Start UK were analysed to identify how the nature of support was related to changes in parental emotional well-being, and whether these effects were the same for families with different risk factors. Sub-groups were identified of people experiencing problems with various aspects of emotional well-being: mental ill health (n = 1,289), social isolation (n = 1,413) and low self-esteem (n = 1,400). Multiple linear regression models were used to explore the relationships between the nature of support and the rate of improvement. These effects were considered in subgroups of families with domestic violence problems, disabled parents, a disabled child, large family sizes or multiple risks. More frequent visits and support being provided by paid workers, as opposed to volunteers were related to faster improvements. Paid worker support was particularly related to faster improvements in families with domestic abuse, disabled parents and multiple risks. However, volunteer support seemed just as effective for large families and those with disabled children. These findings have implications for those providing and commissioning home visiting services.
Exploring white matter functional networks in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Bu Xuan , Liang Kaili , Lin Qingxia , Gao Yingxue , Qian Andan , Chen Hong , Chen Wanying , Wang Meihao , Yang Chuang , Huang Xiaoqi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has been identified to involve the impairment of large-scale functional networks within grey matter, and recent studies have suggested that white matter, which also encodes neural activity, can manifest intrinsic functional organization similar to that of grey matter. However, the alterations in white matter functional networks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder remain unknown. We recruited a total of 99 children, including 66 drug-naive patients and 33 typically developing controls aged from 6 to 14, to characterize the alterations in functional networks within white matter in drug-naive children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Using clustering analysis, resting-state functional MRI data in the white matter were parsed into different networks. Intrinsic activity within each network and connectivity between networks and the associations between network activity strength and clinical symptoms were assessed. We identified eight distinct white matter functional networks: the default mode network, the somatomotor network, the dorsal attention network, the ventral attention network, the visual network, the deep frontoparietal network, the deep frontal network and the inferior corticospinal-posterior cerebellum network. The default mode, somatomotor, dorsal attention and ventral attention networks showed lower spontaneous neural activity in patients. In particular, the default mode network and the somatomotor network largely showed higher connectivity with other networks, which correlated with more severe hyperactive behaviour, while the dorsal and ventral attention networks mainly had lower connectivity with other networks, which correlated with poor attention performance. In conclusion, there are two distinct patterns of white matter functional networks in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, with one being the hyperactivity-related hot networks including default mode network and somatomotor network and the other being inattention-related cold networks including dorsal attention and ventral attention network. These results extended upon our understanding of brain functional networks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from the perspective of white matter dysfunction.
Post-cardiac injury syndrome after transcatheter mitral valve repair using MitraClip system: a case report
Authors: Alachkar Mhd Nawar , Lehrke Michael , Marx Nikolaus , Almalla Mohammad 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Post-cardiac injury syndrome (PCIS) is an inflammatory process that may occur after myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery, percutaneous cardiac interventions or chest trauma. To our knowledge, PCIS following transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) using the MitraClip system has not been reported.

Case summary
A 79-year-old female with chronic heart failure and severe mitral regurgitation received TMVr using the MitraClip system. After the procedure she developed elevated inflammatory markers, pericardial and pleural effusion. Cardiac magnetic resonance provided signs of pericardial and pleural inflammation. After initiating an anti-inflammatory therapy with Aspirin and Colchicine, inflammatory markers decreased markedly, pleural and pericardial effusions were regressive, and the patient showed rapid clinical improvement.

Discussion
Post-cardiac injury syndrome may occur after TMVr and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients developing chest pain, signs of pericarditis with or without pericardial effusion and elevated inflammatory markers.
Referral Networks and Inequality
Authors: Galenianos Manolis 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This is the first article to study the interaction between labour markets and endogenous referral networks in the context of worker heterogeneity. In equilibrium the structure of the referral network is hierarchical, which is different from the usual assumption of homophily but is consistent with the evidence. Hierarchy exacerbates inequality. The welfare effects of the use of referrals are subtle and depend on the nature of heterogeneity. If heterogeneity is due to productivity differences, referrals improve welfare. If workers face the different probability of forming a match despite having the same productivity, as in the case of discrimination, referrals reduce welfare.
Remaining Seized of the Matter: UN Resolutions and Peace Implementation
Authors: Hauenstein Matthew , Joshi Madhav 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHow can the United Nations support peace implementation efforts following civil conflict? Prior research shows that third parties can use a variety of conflict management approaches to prevent civil war recurrence and that peace agreement implementation improves peace duration and quality. However, little research connects these two aspects of postwar peace. We argue that United Nations Security Council (UNSC) resolutions are an important tool that can be quickly used to support the peace. These resolutions can shame parties who do not comply with the agreement, deploy and coordinate resources needed for implementation, and empower local actors in postwar settings. Using implementation data for thirty-four Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) since 1989, as well as new data on the targets and language of UNSC resolutions, we show that language in a resolution that names and shames actors, connects stakeholders, or marshals resources is associated with better compliance with a CPA.
Head-to-Head Comparison of Two SARS-CoV-2 Serology Assays
Authors: Merrill Anna E , Jackson J Brooks , Ehlers Alexandra , Voss Dena , Krasowski Matthew D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
While molecular techniques remain the gold standard for diagnosis of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, serological tests have the unique potential to ascertain how much of the population has been exposed to the COVID-19 pathogen. There have been limited published studies to date documenting the performance of SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays.

Methods
We compared the DiaSorin Liaison SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG and Roche Diagnostics Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays using 228 samples spanning patients with positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2, patients with compatible symptoms but negative PCR, pre-COVID specimens, and potential cross-reactives.

Results
Both assays detected antibodies in 18/19 samples collected at least one week after a positive PCR result. Neither method consistently detected antibodies in specimens collected within one week of a positive PCR result (sensitivity &lt; 50%), but antibodies were detected by only Roche in four samples in this time frame. Using 139 pre-COVID and 35 PCR-negative samples, the Roche and DiaSorin assays demonstrated specificities of 100.0% and 98.9%, respectively. Neither assay demonstrated cross-reactivity from other coronaviruses (229E, HKU1, NL63, OC43), respiratory pathogens (adenovirus, metapneumovirus, rhinovirus/enterovirus), or antibodies to other viruses (HIV, EBV, CMV, HBV, HCV, HAV).

Discussion
Overall, the qualitative interpretations afforded by the Roche and DiaSorin assays agreed for 97% of samples evaluated. Minor discrepancies in sensitivity and specificity were observed between methods, with the differences in specificity more clinically significant for our low-prevalence population. For the DiaSorin assay, all disagreements with the Roche assay occurred in samples with quantitative signals near the cut-off determining positivity.
Incorporating implicit knowledge into the Bayesian model of prior conviction evidence: some reality checks for the theory of comparative propensity
Authors: Robinson Peter M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The theory of comparative propensity, championed by the late Mike Redmayne, has been an influential theory underpinning normative models of the probative value of evidence of previous convictions in criminal trials. It purports to generalize an approximate probative value by means of a Bayesian model in which the likelihood of an innocent person having a criminal record is calculated by reference to general population statistics, and the hard evidence underpinning the prior probability is treated as unknown. The theory has been criticized on the ground that it fails to take account of bias against past offenders in the selection of cases for prosecution. This article analyses the model and these criticisms and concludes that both the model and the criticisms are flawed because they fail to address the evidence on which the prior odds are based. We find that, not only are such mathematical models unsound, but they can only be ‘repaired’ by making assumptions about the typical case which run counter to the legal presumption of innocence. Analysing the flaws in these models, however, does provide some insight into issues affecting the value of prior convictions evidence.