bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problemas para el Reconocimiento del Pluralismo Legał en America Latina
Authors: Gabbert Wolfgand 
Published: December 2020

Short description:
The article is dedicated to the problem of traditional legal systems in the indigenous communities of Latin America, for example those in the Highlands of Mexico. These legal systems do not always originate from the pre-Hispanic period and on many occasions are more recent than national laws. They frequently cover same issues as the national legal system, which brings about the problem of overlapping legal traditions. The author explores if and how these two systems can co-exist together.
Short description written by Michal Gilewski
Sikap dan Praktik Pemberian Susu Formula pada Bayi Usia 6 Bulan sampai dengan 2 Tahun
Authors: Hilda Yani Karo Karo  
Published: December 2020

Perkembangan gaya hidup dan pola pemberian nutrisi pada anak terus berkembang sejalan dengan perkembangan zaman. Salah satu pola pemberian nutrisi tersebut adalah pemberian susu formula atau non air susu ibu yang digemari sebagian orang tua. Sebenarnya, jika dilihat dari sisi kesehatan, pemberian susu formula tidak lebih dari ASI. Hal itu dikarenakan susu instan atau susu formula mengandung gula tambahan. Bayi yang mengkonsumsi susu formula lebih besar kemungkinan untuk mengalami diare, infeksi saluran nafas, obesitas dan penyakit diabetes di kemudian hari daripada bayi yang mengkonsumsi ASI. Jenis penelitian ini adalah bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional yaitu data yang dikumpulkan pada saat itu juga yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku ibu terhadap pemberian susu formula pada usia 6 bulan sampai dengan 2 tahun di Klinik Wifa Medan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang datang ke Klinik Wifa Medan yang memberikan susu formula pada usia 6 bulan sampai dengan 2 tahun sebanyak 30 orang. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan Accidental sampling. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pengetahuan ibu yang berpengetahuan baik sebanyak 9 orang (30%), berpengetahuan cukup 15 orang (50%), dan berpengetahuan kurang sebanyak 6 orang (20%). Mayoritas ibu yang memberikan susu formula pada usia 6 bulan sampai dengan 2 tahun memiliki sikap positif sebanyak 11 orang (36,67%) dan sebagian memiliki sikap negatif sebanyak 19 orang (63,33%).
THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A MILKING MACHINE WITH STEPPED TEAT TUBES
Authors: Яшин А.В. , Полывяный Ю.В. 
Published: December 2020

Главной задачей молочного скотоводства является дальнейшее увеличение темпов производства молока на основе увеличения молочной репродуктивности коров. Важнейшим резервом роста молочной продуктивности является применение доильного оборудования наиболее полно отвечающего физиологии животных, а также его правильный подбор и эксплуатация. Анализ конструкций существующих доильных аппаратов показал, что одним из главных недостатков является их крайне жесткое воздействие на рецепторы соска и, соответственно, торможения рефлекса молокоотдачи, что приводит к снижению разового удоя и интенсивности выдаивания коровы, тем самым снижению удоя. Одним из пунктов Госпрограммы РФ «Развитие сельского хозяйства и регулирование рынков сельскохозяйственной продукции, сырья и продовольствия на 2013-2020 годы» является техническая и технологическая модернизация АПК, без которой, при использующемся оборудовании, невозможно в полной мере обеспечить импортозамещение конкурентоспособной продукцией и повысить экономическую безопасность страны. Поэтому разработка доильного аппарата со ступенчатыми сосковыми трубками, способствующего повышению интенсивности выдаивания, является актуальной и имеет важное народнохозяйственное значение.
The main task of dairy cattle breeding is to further increase the rate of milk production based on an increase in the milk yield of cows. The most important reserve for the growth of milk productivity is the use of milking equipment that best meets the physiology of animals, as well as its correct selection and operation. An analysis of the designs of existing milking machines showed that one of the main disadvantages is their extremely severe effect on the teat receptors and, accordingly, inhibition of the milk flow reflex, which leads to a decrease in one-time milk yield and intensity of milking of a cow, thereby reducing milk yield. One of the points of the State Program of the Russian Federation “Development of agriculture and regulation of markets of agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020” is the technical and technological modernization of the agro-industrial complex, without which, it is impossible to fully ensure import substitution with competitive products and increase the economic security of the country. Therefore, the development of a milking machine with stepped teat tubes, which contributes to an increase in the intensity of milking, is relevant and has an important national economic significance.
O Ensino de Ciências em um Contexto Inclusivo: Relato de uma Prática Pedagógica no curso de Ciências Biológicas
Authors: Costa Carolina Farias , Medeiros Daniela 
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo divulgar a proposta elaborada a partir da disciplina de Prática de Ensino de Biologia, do curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas, que foi proposto que se trabalhasse com algum assunto envolvendo o ensino de ecologia em uma turma que apresentasse a inclusão de um aluno com deficiência, para que os estudantes de licenciatura pudessem pensar e compreender a ideia de flexibilização curricular em uma perspectiva inclusiva. O trabalho envolvendo animais selvagens e seu habitat foi desenvolvido em uma turma do segundo ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul. A sala era composta por 15 alunos, onde estava presente a inclusão de dois alunos com deficiência, um que apresentava TEA (Transtorno do Espectro Autista) apresentando laudo médico, e já o outro aluno não se sabia ao certo a deficiência pois ainda não apresentava laudo médico. Com esse trabalho foi possível ver que ainda há dificuldades de se trabalhar com alunos com alguma deficiência pois há pouco preparo e falta de recursos adequados. Além disso, o trabalho com animais selvagens presentes na região dos alunos, demonstrou total falta de conhecimento a respeito disso, constata a carência de trabalhar esse assunto.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI E-COMMERCE DALAM PENJUALAN HARDWARE KOMPUTER BERBASIS WEBSITE
Authors: Walim Walim , Suhardi Suhardi 
Published: December 2020

Di era globalisasi sekarang ini yang sudah memasuki era 4.0 sehingga perkembangan serta kemajuan teknologi semakin pesat, dan tidak menutup kemungkinan juga persaingan bisnis atau usaha semakin ketat di bidang apapun salah satunya di bidang e-commerce. Maka pemanfaatan teknologi yang begitu mutakhir sekarang ini di perlukan untuk mengatasi hal tersebut sehingga bisnis atau usaha kita tidak ketinggalan jaman. Untuk itu dalam menjawab tantangan-tantangan dalam era globalisasi atau 4.0 maka dalam hal ini perlu merancang dan membuat suatu web yaitu website e-commerce yang berisi informasi dan penjualan secara online. Adapun penelitian ini mengambil contoh objek penjualan hardware computer dengan berbasis web, disamping itu juga untuk membantu usaha yang bergerak dibidang penjualan hardware, pemograman website e-commerce penjualan hardware komputer ini dibuat dengan menggunakan macromedia dreamweavear MX2004, MySQL dan menggunakan metode waterfall karena dengan metode ini lebih mudah dalam merancang website . Tujuan penelitian ini membuat website terutama web e-commerce tidak lain bertujuan untuk menyampaikan informasi kepada masyarakat secara cepat, sehingga informasi mudah didapat dan mempermudah masyarakat dalam melakukan pembelian hardware komputer.
KERAGAAN POTENSI DESA DI KECAMATAN PADEMAWU KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN ONE TAMBON ONE PRODUCT
Authors: Kutsiyah Farahdilla 
Published: December 2020

One Tambon one product (OTOP) adalah pendekatan pembangunan yang memanfaatkan seluas-luasnya potensi wilayah dengan mempertahankan kelestarian lingkungan, agar mendukung pengembangan industri kecil dan menengah. Penyusunan keragaan potensi desa di Kecamatan Pademawu Kabupaten Pamekasan melalui penelusuran pustaka yang dikolaborasikan dengan penghitungan LQ (location quiteont), observasi, dan FGD (Focus group discussion). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komoditi unggulan masing-masing desa di Kecamatan Pademawu adalah (1) Desa Padelegan: ikan teri (2) Baddurih : wisata bahari kepiting-rajungan (3) Majungan: mangrove (4) Pagagan: wisata tiram-mangrove (5) Tanjung: wisata pantai Jumiang dan rumput laut (6) Pademawu Timur: lorjuk (7) Pademawu Barat dan Sumedangan: gerabah (8) Bunder: garam (9) Murtajih: wisata terpadu dan karapan sapi (10) Sentol: Sate lala” dan gipsum (11) Tambung: pandai besi (12) Sopa’ah: rengginang (13) Jarin: padi (14) Prekbun: pisang.
Accuracy Score on Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha (RIPASA) and Pediatric Appendicitis (PAS) for Diagnosing Acute Appendicitis in Children
Authors: Dastamuar Shalita , M. Roby  , Sindu Saksono  , Erial Bahar  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction. Acute appendicitis is the most common case of acute abdomen. Diagnosis of acute appendicitis is still difficult and is one of the problems in the surgical field. The Clinical Scoring System (CSS) has been developed to help doctors classify risk categories. PAS has been widely evaluated in the pediatric population. In another study it was found that RIPASA had better sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy than PAS in pediatric patients.
Methods. This study is a cross sectional study to assess the level of concordance between RIPASA and PAS scores in diagnosing acute appendicitis, with the gold standard of Histopathological examination. Samples were taken by consecutive method, in 30 patients aged <18 years for 1 year.
Results. This study had an average age of 10.10 ± 3.745 years. Histopathologically early acute appendicitis 3.3%, acute suppurative appendicitis as much as 20%, acute gangrenous appendicitis 73.3% and others 3.3%. Using a cut-off point value of 9.5 for RIPASA and 7 for PAS, the sensitivity, Specificity, Accuracy of 82.75%, 100%, 80% for RIPASA, and 75.8%, 100%, 73.3% for PAS.
Conclusion. The RIPASA score on the cut-off treshold 9.5 has better sensitivity and accuracy than PAS in diagnosing acute appendicitis in pediatric patients and can be used as CSS to assist in making decisions regarding the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children.
Accuracy Of Spiral Laminar Flow, Spectral Broadening And Murmur / Thrill As Av-Shunt Maturuty Predictors In Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang
Authors: Kemas Muhammad Dahlan  , Sefta Jaka  , Jaka Fahmi  , Erial Bahar  
Published: December 2020

Background : Hemodialysis is a therapy for end-stage cornic kidney disease (ESRD) which is most often used as renal replacement therapy. Vascular access for hemodialysis is essential in the management of patients with chronic kidney disease. One type of vascular access is av fistula. A well-matured AVF is needed in order to function optimally during the hemodialysis process. The study of Srivastava et al. In India examined a predictor parameter of the maturation of AVF using Doppler ultrasound. The parameters studied were Spiral Laminar Flow (SLF), Spectral Broadening and Murmur / thrill. The results of this study state that SLF is the most important and early predictor of AVF maturation.5 Research on the accuracy of spiral laminar flow, spectral broadening and murmur / thrill as predictors of av-shunt maturity has never been carried out in Indonesia. This encourages this research to be carried out.
Method : This type of research is the prognostic test. The study was conducted in the vascular and endovascular subdivisions from July - September 2020 or until the number of research samples is met.
Result : There were 30 samples in this study, Murmur / thrill had high sensitivity and specificity values ​​on day 21 while SLF and spectral broadening had very high sensitivity and specificity values ​​in predicting AVF maturase from day 7th and 21th, also had a significant association with AVF maturase (p < 0.001).
Conclusion : Murmur / thrill on 21th day can be a perdictor for maturity of AVF
Analisa Occupational Commitment pada Perawat Sarana di Balaiyasa Yogyakarta
Authors: Damayanti Ajeng tyas , Priyanto Sapto , Handoko Handoko 
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk melihat occupational commitment pada perawat sarana di Balaiyasa Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan alat pengumpul data berupa kuesioner dan wawancara. Berdasarkan pengambilan data yang telah dilakukan, diketahui bahwa sebanyak 85% responden memiliki occupational commitment yang tinggi. Rekomendasi yang diberikan kepada perawat sarana di Balaiyasa Yogyakarta adalah dengan mengembangkan training-training yang pernah dilakukan. Beberapa training yang dapat dilaksanakan berdasarkan ketegorisasi occupational commitment diantaranya skill training, retraining, cross sectional training, team training, training sistem informasi dan soft skill training.
Visual and Anatomic Outcomes of Premacular Hemorrhage in Non-Accidental Trauma Infants Managed With Observation or Vitrectomy
Authors: Uner Ogul E. , Stelton Christopher R. , Hubbard G. Baker , Rao Prethy 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The management of premacular hemorrhage secondary to non-accidental trauma (NAT) is unclear. The authors describe the outcomes of NAT infants referred for surgical evaluation of premacular hemorrhage.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective institutional review board-approved case series between 2000 and 2019 of vision-threatening premacular hemorrhage (sub-hyaloid or sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage without vitreous hemorrhage) in NAT infants. Time to hemorrhage resolution, vision, and comorbidities were collected.

RESULTS:

Thirty-six patients (62 eyes) with mean age of 5.4 months (range: 2–10 months) were included. Nine eyes (14.5%) underwent vitrectomy. Median time to hemorrhage resolution by observation was 75 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 60–120 days), and time to vitrectomy was 54.5 days (IQR: 47.8–58.5 days). Eight eyes (12.9%) had amblyopia, which was not significantly different between groups. Despite hemorrhage clearance, a higher proportion of eyes in the vitrectomy group had pigmentary changes (
P
= .04) and strabismus (
P
= .002) at follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
Most cases of NAT-related premacular hemorrhage resolve within 3 months without surgical intervention. Comorbidities may limit visual prognosis.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:715–722.]
First western Canadian records of Nebria brevicollis (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and establishment of populations in Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: McGregor Robert R. , Goulet Henri , LaBonte James R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe first western Canadian records of the European carabid, Nebria brevicollis (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Carabidae), are reported from Vancouver, Coquitlam, and Delta, British Columbia, Canada. A species description is provided to facilitate identification of this new invasive species. In addition, pitfall trap data are presented that demonstrate establishment of populations at four locations in Coquitlam. Trap catches were substantially higher at one anthropogenic meadow site than at three urban forest sites. Potential for further expansion of the range of N. brevicollis in British Columbia and beyond is discussed.
High Reliability: A Primer for Athletic Training Educators
Authors: Noller Christine , Berry David C. 
Published: December 2020

Context
Health care organizations are integrating employee training and educational programs to designate themselves as high-reliability organizations (HROs). HROs continually strive to evaluate and create an environment in which potential problems are anticipated, detected early, and virtually always responded to early enough to prevent catastrophic consequences.

Objective
This primer document introduces the concept of high reliability in health care (from a historical and foundational perspective) and establishes a framework for athletic training educators to introduce the concepts at the professional, postprofessional, or residency educational program level.

Background
While the theory of high reliability is new to athletic training, its quality and origins in health care are established. HROs use systems thinking to evaluate and design for safety and continuous improvement to create an environment where potential problems are anticipated, detected early, and responded to early enough to prevent tragic consequences.

Synthesis
The HRO focuses attention on emergent problems and deploys strategies to address those problems. HROs behave in ways that seem counterintuitive—they do not hide failures; instead, HROs celebrate them. HROs seek out problems and avoid focusing on just 1 aspect of work to see how all the parts fit together. They expect unexpected events and develop capabilities to manage them, deferring decisions to empowered experts. However, high reliability is only achieved through robust process improvement, which is only achieved with a complementary approach to Lean Six Sigma and change management.

Recommendation(s)
Given the complexity of patient care in athletic training, the potential for medical error(s), and the need for quality improvement, HROs hold promise for athletic training.

Conclusion(s)
As future health care leaders, athletic trainers should be educated to foster innovation and improve health care delivery to diverse patient populations. Athletic trainers should want to embrace the principles of HROs. Achieving high reliability can be accomplished with adequate exposure to and training within the classroom and during clinical education opportunities.
Investigation of high-resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) outcomes associated with chronic pulmonary microaspiration (CPM) in Tehran and Zahedan, Iran
Authors: Heshmat Ghahderijani Bahareh , Hosseinabadi Fatemeh , Kahkouee Shahram , Kazem Momeni Mohamad , Salajeghe Samira , Soleimantabar Hussein 
Published: December 2020

Background: In patients with chronic pulmonary microaspiration (CPM) the recognition of high-resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) findings and their pattern is important.
Objective: To investigate the HRCT detections in patients with CPM.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study enrolled 100 consecutive patients with CPM underwent HRCT of the lungs between 2017 and 2018 in Tehran and Zahedan Hospitals and private centers. The required variables were recorded for each patient with a questionnaire. Subsequently, HRCT was performed and abnormalities were then reported by two radiologists.
Results: Most of patients exhibited bronchial thickening in 33.6% of cases, followed by ground-glass opacity (12.4%), em- physema (11.1%), and bronchiectasis (8.5%). In addition, the most common HRCT findings were found in left lower lobe (LLL) (37.1%), followed by right lower lobe (RLL) (35.9 %), right upper lobe (RUL ) (6,2%), and left upper lobe (LUL) (6%).
Conclusion: Our data showed the most common findings in HRCT were bronchial thickening ground-glass opacity, em- physema, and bronchiectasis, where these findings was dominantly found in LLL, RLL, RUL, and LUL, indicating its high tendency to dependent areas.
Keywords: Imaging; high-resolution computed tomographic; chronic lung microaspiration.
Evaluation of MRI Artifact in some selected centers in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed Sidi , Abubakar Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) artifacts can occur due to hardware or software related problems, human physiologic phenomenon or physical restrictions. Careful study design and scanning protocols can prevent certain artifacts from occurring, but some are unavoidable.
Study aims: The study aimed at evaluating MRI artifact in some selected centers in Kano metropolis, Nigeria.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving both prospective and retrospective phases across three centres in the Kano metropolis from March 2019 to August 2019. Using the purposive sampling method, 3 centers were selected. A data capture sheet was designed for data collection.
Results: Thirty five (50%) of the artifacts encountered were from the centreA, 28(40%) from the centre B, and 7(10%) from the centre C. Motion-induced artifact was the most frequently encountered artifact 26(37.1%), followed by wrap-around artifact 15(21.4%), and then frequency-induced artifact 13(18.6%). Thoracic spine MRI had the highest number of artifacts 28(40%), followed by brain 20(28.6%), and then lumbar spine 19(27.1%).
Conclusion: In Kano metropolis the most encountered MRI artifact was the motion-induced artifact and thoracic spine MRI had the highest number of artifacts. The artifacts had a negative effect on image quality.
Keywords: MRI artifacts; image quality; Kano metropolis.
Combating female genital mutilation in Northeast (Horn) Africa and its challenges
Authors: Arabahmadi Amirbahram 
Published: December 2020

Background: This article investigates the practice of female genital mutilation as a long-held custom in the countries of North- east Africa, known as Horn of Africa, where many women in rural and urban areas are faced with different physical and psychic consequences in their future lives.
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of FGM in the Horn of Africa and the traditional thinking of People about it.
Methods: This study was based on descriptive analysis method. The questions of the study are (a) Why female circumcision is widely practiced in Horn of Africa; (b) What are the mental and physical consequences of female genital mutilation for the wom- en; and (c) How regional and international entities, whether governmental or NGOs, are combating this tradition.
Results: This article has found out that female genital mutilation in Northeast African countries has resulted in many lifelong diseases and sexual degradation in many women and the best way to combat this tradition is to inform people by gradual (not abrupt) trainings without any insult to the beliefs of the people.
Conclusion: This study reveals the Health education based on behavioral change. In doing so, the unity of policies between regional and international actors along with attracting the support of tribal elites is also needed.
Keywords: Female genital mutilation; Northeast Africa; international organizations; nongovernmental organizations; gender discrimination.