bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin Perfect Metamaterial Absorber Based on Triquetra Shape
Authors: Al-badri Khalid Saeed Lateef 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Electromagnetic Metamaterial perfect absorber EM-MMPA is representative an artificial electromagnetic material, which has many application prospects in huge fields like energy harvesting from electromagnetic wave. This work focused on the design and simulation ultrathin structure based on polarization unsensitive. However, based on the three-layer structure of copper reflector, dielectric layer and copper triquetra resonator. Through the results, it is found that, at 10.026 GHz with the fundamental mode of resonance can achieve a polarization unsensitive perfect absorption. Furthermore, all the materials involved in this work are easily available, and the size of the unit cell is also within the range of easy implementation, and it has a good prospect of many numbers of practical application.
Natural Radioactivity in Underground Waters In Tallafar Distract In Iraq
Authors: Taher Ashraf Abdulrahman M. , Mohammad Kareem 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to measure the level of the natural radioactivity of (underground waters samples) in Tallafar district center, from the Alayadiyah side, and from the Al-Adaya village, determination of specific activities of (228Ac,226Ra,214Pb, 137Cs, 40K), (0.40716), (0. 2321), (0. 281), (0.76751), (4.9806) Bq/L respectively using gamma ray spectroscopy technique with NaI(Tl) scintillation detector in 15 samples, also evaluation of radiological hazard indices(radium equivalent Reaq, absorbed dose rate(Dγ), annual effective dose (AEDE indoor), AEDE(outdoor), hazard induces (Hex and Hin) and gamma index (Iγ)). The results showed that the average value of the specific activity are agreement with IAEA publications.
Swarm of Electron Simulation in Carbon Dioxide Parameters for Intermediate E/N Values
Authors: Fayyadh Ibrahim Kaittan , Saud Nissan , Alaboudi Jawad Abdulkadhim , Alwan Ahmed Ibrahim , Kadhim Raheem Obaid , Hasan Nada Mohammaed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The rotational excitation and transfer of low-energy electrons cross-sections in carbon dioxide have been obtained to compare in the theoretical & experimental values of the kinetic and diffusion coefficient. the transport coefficients theoretical values of were gained by calculating the delicate electron energy distribution functions using a putative elastic and inelastic cross-sections combination. The values for movement, drift speed, average electron energy, and power noticeable with experimental data were compared. Alteration were made to the default cross sections until obtaining good agreement. Transport coefficients were calculated for values between (6 × 10−17 - 6×10−15 )V cm2 with energy zoning 0.035 eV at 300k° temperature.
Study the effect of changing aperture size on linear and nonlinear properties of wheat germ oil
Authors: Nader Rajaa , Ibrahim Slafa I. , Yaseen Hanaa Mohammed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Thespectroscopic and nonlinearproperties of wheat germ oil have been investigated. Two different sources of oil (weight 3.33gm),locally (Emad) and global (Hemani) were used in this work. Theabsorption and fluorescence spectra of the two types of oil were carried out to calculate thequantum efficiencyof them. Nonlinear characteristics were measured by z-scan. The results showed that high quantum efficiency (91.5 for the local oil and 76.6 for the other) As for the non-linear properties, it was measured for wheat germ oil (Emad) by scanning technology (by changing the value of the closed hole (pin hole), the value of (n2) the non-linear refractive index changes with the size of the aperture (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5) mm.
Some Electromagnetic Transition Properties of Odd-A Palladium Isotopes
Authors: Waheed Mariam O. , Hossain I. , Khodair Ziad T. , Radhi Fahmi Sh. , Al-Jubbori Mushtaq Abed , Abd-Aljbar Alyaa A. , Sharrad Fadhil I. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, the Palladium nuclei have been studied by interacting boson fermion model for even-odd nuclei. The isotopes under study have proton number 46 and neutron numbers 63-67. The calculations involved the eigenstates and reduce electric probability. The calculations show that the energy levels are reasonable with experimental data. The B(E2) values compared with those of experimental and are in good agreements. All calculations compared with experimental and give more data for reader.
Measuring the level of Radioactive contamination of selected samples of Sugar and Salt available in the local markets in Najaf governorate / Iraq
Authors: Alhous Shatha F. , Kadhim Shaymaa Awad , Alkufi Abdulhussein A. , Kadhim Baydaa Awad 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Natural radioactivity has attracted a lot of attention in the world due to its crucial role in human safety. Sugar is compound, which is the generic name for sweet, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food while salt is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Sugar and salt are very important for human beings, as well as their proven benefits to the general health of human beings. Therefore, the measurement of natural radioactivity is a critical because of its direct impact on human safety. In this research, quantification has been made of natural radionuclide concentrations using NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometry. The analyses of samples reveal the mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and ℛaeq are found to 5.833±1.008, 5.922±0.721, 138.656±0.826, and 24.980(Bq.Kg−1), respectively. also, calculated Iα, Iγ and Hin the values were less than one, it was clear that the ratio of three nuclides concentrations were higher than internationally allowed limits. the estimated annual gonadal equivalent dose (AGED) resulting with an average 86.321*10−3(mSv.y−1) where lower than globally limits. The data were statistically processed and Pearson’s factor with p–value were calculated for concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K with annual ingestion dose for these nuclides where correlations of 226Ra were more a high increase statistical significance, direct, and positive with other parameters. The consumption of sugar and salt for adult, children and infant, where found the maximum value of cancer risk (ELCR) 0.2421*10−3 in adult for consumption of sugar while the minimum value 0.0005*10−3in infant from consumption of salt, which is less than the global value 2.5*10−3 that assessed by the united nations scientific committee on the effects of atomic radiation to be due to food and water intake.
Study the Magnetization of Water using Digital Camera and Laser beam
Authors: Malik Muatism Ibrahim , Idan Zainab Hameed , Assaf Khudhair A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this research, the magnetization of the water was investigated through the digital image processing technique of the laser spot after passing through magnetic water. This was done by using different magnetic fields and at different times. It was found that changes in the image of the laser spot are changes in the intensity of the pixel value of the spot image, i.e. the amount of attenuation in the amount of light illumination. The increased exposure time and field strength accelerated the intensity of pixel illumination, due to the rapid deposition of suspended substances in the water by shedding the magnetic field. This study found a new method for measuring the purity of water remotely using remote sensing technology and digital image processing. The laser spot image was studied and analyzed using different methods and software such as MATLAB, Image J, Curve Expert Professional and Origin lab 9.0, also The refractive index of normal water and magnetized water was measured using this technique.
PH and the concentration of salts dissolved in water before and after magnetization were measured and compared between them using devices.
Antibacterial activity and physical features of some nano metals and their oxides
Authors: Khaleel Rana Ismael , Mohammed Asmaa Hadi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, nanomaterials and their oxides have been prepared using a simple chemical mixing method for use as antibacterial agents (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques like FESEM, optical properties and XRD. The results of the composition showed that the nanomaterials had diameters ranging from (50-70) nm.
Exploring frequency effects in chaotic semiconductor laser
Authors: Ibrahim Raghad Ismail 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The issue related to the chaos control in semiconductor laser has drew attention. The resonant perturbations have been of high importance with regard to the harnessing non-linear oscillators for different applications including inducing chaos as well as controlling chaos. Interesting results have been obtained regarding to the effect of the chaotic resonance by adding the frequency on the chaotic systems. The forcing frequency changes nonlinear dynamical system via critical value, there has been transition from periodic attractor to strange attractor. The experimental studying for the evaluation of chaos modulation behavior are considered in the case when frequency related to external perturbation has been changed, whereas the amplitude related to such perturbation has been fixed. This dynamic regarding laser output have been analyzed by time series, the FFT as well as the plot diagram as a result of this data.
Erbium yttrium aluminum garnet (ER: YAG) for acne lesion treatment
Authors: kadhim Hana Hasan , Kadhim Rasha Jawad , mhawes Ahmed jumaah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
ER:YAG laser wavelength (2940 nm) was used to treat acne scars of a different type. The laser is stronger than Nd: YAGor IPL.Through, the use of the procedure, the laser beam is late engaged by the skin, particularly those lasers in superfi cial treatment Hence there are several different characteristics related to the layer of the skin, such as stimulating the skin. The review article is about technique.
The effect of changing the wavelength on some of the optical properties of copper nitrate water
Authors: kazem rodhan Zahraa , shaker asis Naglaa , Hashim Ansam ali 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, some of optical properties for ( Cu(NO3)2.6H2O), such as (transmission, reflectance, absorbance, damping coefficient, refractive index, Brewster angle and critical angle ) have been calculated with (0.1-0.9)gm/ml concentration at (242,449,631,978) nm wave length at 250c. the results showed the optical properties were increased with concentration and wave length have been used, except transmission and critical angle which decreased with the same concentration and wave length when as, the same optical properties have higher values, while the transmission and critical angle were decreased at the case wave length.
Effect of molecular weight on electro – optic switching times of liquid crystal polymer doped with cobalt oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Khalil Sarah m. , Al- ammar Khalid 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nonlinearity liquid crystal cell which doped with Ferroelectric nanoparticles characters studied in this paper according to their eclectic absorption. Polysiloxin series with side chain liquid polymers used with side chain polymers and molecular weight ran This study consternate on polymers electro.optic characteristic with various molecular weights by using the mesogenic units and a stable polysiloxane.
Suspension sensitivity or Electro-visual response to the mark of the used electric field, a real character to electric liquid crystals. The addition of Co3O4, nanoparticles to polymer rise dielectric anisotropy and minimize response times. It observed that the voltages rises with molecular weight rising, and when intensity value rise we gain voltage operating.
Spectrometer used infrared measurements to locate the orientational order parameters,

(

s
¯

)

for liquid crystals with a side series. The orientational order parameters

(

s
¯

)

rely on temperature with various molecular weights and the threshold voltage.
Physical Properties of Rhodamine 6G Laser Dye Combined in Polyvinyl Alcohol films as Heat Sensor
Authors: Hadi Al-Kadhemy Mahasin F. , Abbas Khaldoon N. , Abdalmuhdi Walaa B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Rhodamine 6G- polyvinylalcohol (Rh6G/PVA) films were prepared via casting route at room temperature with different volume of Rh6G dye solution (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ml). The optical properties of as-prepared films were characterized using UV–Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength range of 200-800 nm. The absorption peak of the pure PVA film does not affect by adding the Rh6G dye solution while exhibited increase in intensity of the absorption spectrum. Furthermore, the absorption peak of Rhodamine 6G demonstrated red-shift about 10 nm. Energy band gap slightly affected by adding Rh6G dye solution. The amazing influence of heat treatment on the physical properties of Rh6G/PVA films appeared due to red-shift and decrease the energy band gap. The results exposed that the best sensitivity calculated at temperature 40 °C for as-grown Rh6G (15 ml)/PVA film around 35.74%.
Electron, Proton, and Alpha Stopping Powers of Polyvinyl toluene (PVT) Scintillator Crystal
Authors: Hussein Khalid Shaker , Musa Faten Hussein , Shafik Shafik S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The stopping powers of electrons, protons, and alpha particles incident with different energies on polyvinyl toluene (PVT), which used as a crystal in scintillator detectors, have been calculated using the codes of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). For electrons, the collision and radiative stopping powers were calculated and for protons and alpha particles, the electronic and nuclear stopping powers were investigated. The behaviors of the calculated stopping power have been studied and explained. The obtained results strongly suggest that if one used PVT as a detector crystal, they must be shielded against tested particles.
Synthesis SnO2:Bi2O3 Nanostructure Device for Bio Sensor
Authors: Hassan Ayah Mohammed , Shaaban Salma Mahdi , Mohammed Asmaa Hadi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
SnO2:Bi2O3 colloidal NPs were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of Sn:Bi target (50%:50%) in double distilled water (DDW) at room temperature. High purity Sn:Bi target (purity of 99.99%) was fixed at bottom of open a plastic cell containing of 2 ml DDW and DDW+ PVP which represent the liquid media. Ablation is carried out with laser operating at 1.064 nm wavelengths at flounce set in the range of 40.5J/cm2 and (60 laser pulses). The diffraction peaks in the XRD pattern broadened due to the particles in the sample are too small. The primary particle size calculated by Sherrer formula is about 150 nm. The spherical nanoparticles morphologies were carried out by scan electron microscope (SEM) analysis, exhibits spherical with average size distribution found to be 20 nm.
Radiation hazards and transfer factors of radionuclides from soil to plant and cancer risk at Al-Taji city-Iraq
Authors: Al-Alawy Iman Tarik , Mhana Waleed Jabar , Ebraheem Rand Mudher 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe concentrations of natural radionuclides in various common plant species grown in the city of Al-Taji in the capital, Baghdad, were examined using NaI (Tl) gamma spectroscopy. The measurements were made on three parts of each plant sample which included roots, stalk, and leaves in addition to soil. The assessing of transport factors shows the K-40 transfer coefficients were lower than those values mentioned in other previous studies. The mean concentrations of specific activity for U-238, Th-232 and K-40 in the basil plant were 4.455±2.944, 18.774±14.998 and 123.767±23.047 Bq/kg respectively. For celery it was 3.904±3.326 Bq/kg, 32.899±6.739 Bq/kg, 85.032±35.650 Bq/kg. As for mint, it was 2.233±4.337 Bq/kg, 25.354±8.696 Bq/kg and 92.115±33.070 Bq/kg. The results showed that the concentration of uranium, thorium and cesium did not exceed the permissible limit. Potassium concentrations will not exceed the internationally permitted level in all parts of plants under study. The radium equivalent activity was 70.527 Bq/kg less than 370 Bq/kg recommended by UNSCEAR. The maximum absorbed dose rate in soil samples was 58.205 nGy/h, which is less than 84 nGy/h. Whereas the average annual effective dose equivalent in soil samples was 285.535 mSv/y which are less than the 290 mSv/y recommended by UNSCEAR, Respectively. The maximum hazard risk index was 0.214 in soil samples and is less than ≤1 recommended by UNSCEAR. The lifetime cancer risk (ECLR) ranged from 142.620×10−3to 999.372×10−3. This value is above the global average of 0.29×10−3and 1.16×10−3reported by UNSCEAR. The lifetime cancer risk is a function of environmental geology and the K-40 soil transfer factor to the plant is very high compared to other radionuclides in the samples. Therefore, there is a risk from its management.
Photoluminescence, Optical Energy Gap and Electrical properties of Mn-Doped ZnO Nanorods Synthesized by CBD Method
Authors: Alshamarti Hussein Abdullah , Alasadi Lubna A. , Omran Alkhayatt Adel H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, un-doped and Manganese doped Zinc Oxide Nanorods (NRs) thin films were grown on the glass substrates using chemical bath deposition method (CBD) at 80 °C temperature. The effect of Mn content (0, 2 and 4%) on the structural, morphology, optical and photoluminescence characteristics of ZnO NRs films was investigated. The XRD patterns of un-doped and Mn-doped ZnO NRs demonstrate sharp and strong peaks together with high crystalline structure. The FESEM images showed that the nanorods of ZnO and Mn:ZnO were well-aligned and distributed throughout the films. The absorption edge was observed to be blue-shifted and the optical energy gap was found to be widening from (3.21, to 3.31) eV with increased Mn content. The photoluminescence spectrum (PL) of Mn-doped samples was examined, at room temperature, and revealed of highly UV emission, whereas the green-yellow wavelengths emissions were enhanced with increased Mn content. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics showed that the photocurrents of all prepared samples are enhanced and the Mn doped samples showed a good response, under UV light.
Simulation of Raman spontaneous scattering factor effect on Stoke Raman and passive Q-switching pulses characteristic
Authors: Kadhem Sally Bassem , Salih Abdul-Kareem Mahdi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The effect of Raman spontaneous scattering Factor (Ksp
) on characteristics of passive Q- switching and Raman pulses of (Nd:YVO4, Cr+4:YAG and BaWO4) system has been simulated. A software computer program based in this study to solve the rate equations model using Runge- kutta - Fehalberg numerical method. The study shows that the increase in the value of Ksp
leads to an increase photons density, energy, and, the power of passive Q-switching and Raman pulses. While small effect on pulses duration. The final value of the population inversion decreases with the increase of Ksp
.
Improved coining force calculations through incorporation of key process parameters
Authors: Cotton D , Maillard A , Kaufmann J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Among the sheet forming processes, coining is a specific operation which makes it possible to correct shape defects or to perform thickness reductions in the parts. This operation often requires a very high force which is likely to have an impact on the functioning of the tool or the press. It is therefore important that the coining forces be evaluated accurately, but this is not allowed by the existing analytical calculation formulas. The objective of this study is to improve the accuracy of the calculation of the coining forces via the adaptation of an existing formula. Such adaptation was carried out based on a study of the influence of the flat coining parameters. To that end, a series of experimental measurements was performed. An instrumented force measuring setup made it possible to measure the maximum coining force. Several parameters were analysed, including the coining ratio and the sheet thickness. Numerical simulations were carried out at the same time, in order to understand the influence of certain parameters on the coining force. 2D numerical models were developed using the Forge NXT2 software. The simulations and the experimental tests were analysed and the results revealed the influential phenomena which have to be taken into account in the analytical formula, in particular the coining surface and the friction. In order to study the friction more thoroughly, ring compression tests were performed so as to determine the friction coefficients, based on the Coulomb’s law limited to Tresca. This type of test is representative of the stresses undergone by the metal during the coining operation. Finally, a new calculation formula is proposed, in order to integrate the coining surface and friction more accurately.
A novel experimental set-up for in-situ microstructural characterization during continuous strain path change
Authors: Dhara S , Taylor S , Figiel Ł , Shollock B , Hazra S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Strain path change is a typical phenomenon during continuous stamping operations of sheet metal for a variety of applications including automotive body parts. During stamping, a punch continuously deforms a metal sheet to produce a desired geometry while following various strain path transitions depending on overall design of the stamping process. The strain path change can potentially alter the expected forming limit of the material. Previous researchers investigated the effect of changing strain path by loading sample in two distinct steps. Typically, between the steps the sample is unloaded before being re-loaded in the new strain path. This practice reflects the key challenge in elucidating this strain path dependent deformation, which is the ability to control the strain path change in a single deformation stage in an experimental set-up. In this work, a novel testing rig and specimen geometry that is capable of changing the strain path of a sample continuously without unloading the specimen were conceptualised, modelled and subsequently manufactured. Using this apparatus, the specimen was deformed in the uniaxial strain path in the first step before being deformed biaxially without unloading in between the steps. Thus, the apparatus ensures that the sample undergoes a continuous strain path change without unloading between the steps. The size of this mechanical test rig permits it to be placed inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) chamber in order to study strain path transition in-situ to highlight strain localization and related microstructural changes in real time. Utilizing this test set-up, strain path change and corresponding strain values along each strain path were evaluated. The changes in material microstructure were concurrently investigated using in-situ SEM and electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis.
Reverse-loading coefficients identification for updated homogeneous anisotropic hardening model
Authors: Lee Shin-Yeong , Kim Jin-Hwan , Barlat Frédéric 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The homogeneous anisotropic hardening (HAH) model formulation, which is solely based on distortional plasticity, was improved recently. In this study, a robust coefficient identification scheme was developed for this updated model. Tension-compression tests were conducted on a mild steel sheet sample to assess the hardening behavior in the forward-reverse loading mode. An inverse identification procedure was employed to calibrate the coefficients of the model. The Nelder-Mead simplex and genetic optimization methods were investigated and the results regarding the accuracy of the calibration were compared. As a result, both optimization methods led to reasonable coefficients for the new model.