bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory framework of the oncological medical care provision
Authors: Tishkina S. N. , Matskevich V. E. , Ledovskikh Yu. A. , Semakova E. V. , Omelyanovskiy V. V. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. To conduct an analytical review of the regulatory legal framework on the resources provision required in medical organizations for the provision of oncological medical care based on clinical guidelines.Materials and methods. Using Russian normative legal and regulative documents on the oncological medical care, the authors studied the normative regulation of the issues of both resources’ provision for medical organizations and resources’ demand assessment, including the need for financial support from various sources of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation. The analysis was carried out in two regulatory areas: financing and organization of the provision of medical care. The authors examined the main legislation acts relating to oncological medical care, including documents of the compulsory medical insurance, the annual decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation on the program of state guarantees of free provision of medical care to citizens for the coming year and the planned period, the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation regulating the provision of medicines and medical products, provisions on the organization of medical care by type of medical care, procedures for the provision of oncological medical care, regulatory documents on clinical guidelines and standards of medical care.Results. The content analysis of the studied materials showed that certain components of the resources’ provision, including the financial provision of oncological medical care, are regulated by various regulatory documents, and there is no methodology for assessing the resources’ demand based on clinical guidelines.Conclusion. New approaches to assessing the resources’ demand for the provision of medical care and the required financial support based on clinical guidelines need to be developed.
Autologous breast fibrofatty flaps for immediate breast reconstruction after excision of small cancer mass (<50 mm) improves surgical and aesthetical outcomes and patients’ quality of life
Authors: Shoda Waseem A , Abdel Wahab Shereen M. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Evaluation of surgical feasibility, aesthetic outcomes and 6-m postoperative (PO) effect of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) using autologous fibrofatty flaps after localized small breast mass excision.Methods: Total 29 women had duct carcinoma of <50 mm in diameter with N1-3 regional lymphadenopathy were studied. Through diamond-shape incision, breast gland was removed with 1 cm circumferential free safety margin, then the medial and lateral fibrofatty flaps were undermined and approximated for IBR. Breast measurements; the nipple-to-suprasternal notch distance and the nipple-to-nipple distance were determined preoperatively and 6-m PO. Quality of life (QoL) evaluation was performed preoperatively and 6-m PO using the short-form-36 (SF-36), the multidimensional body self-relations questionnaire appearance assessment and the European organization for research and treatment of cancer breast cancer-specific QoL questionnaire scores in breast cancer. Results: Mean operative time was 94.5±15.4 min; mean intraoperative blood loss was 170.1±34.9 ml and 25 patients had returned home on the same operative day. Two patients had PO wound seroma and one patient had wound hematoma, but were resolved spontaneously. PO breast measurements showed non-significant differences in comparison to preoperative measurements of the same breast, and to measurements of the contralateral breast. PO evaluation of QoL showed significantly improved PO scoring in line with improved body image and future perspectives, and sexual scores in comparison to preoperative scorings. Conclusions: The applied procedure of localized excision of BC mass of<50 mm with IBR using the breast remnant fibrofatty flaps provided acceptable surgical and esthetical outcomes and allowed improvement of patients’ QoL.
COVID-ified’ orthodontic practice: A review
Authors: K T Naseem , Ashok Amrita , X Chelza , M J Gayathri , P Lubna 
Published: November 2020

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2). It emerged as a global pandemic in early 2020, affecting more than 200 countries and territories. As SARS-CoV-2 has also been identified in the saliva of infected individuals, it poses a significant risk for dental professionals and their patients. This article focuses on the changes which are to stay in the wake of COVID-19 especially with respect to orthodontic practice. It is important to have a thorough knowledge about handling the procedures and emergencies in the current scenario or in the wake of an unprecedented future lockdown. Practitioners must anticipate and be prepared for the effects of unsupervised orthodontic treatment in the wake of unprecedented suspension of elective treatment due to COVID 19. This literature also focuses on publications regarding this new corona virus and supplies valuable indications to professionals concerning protective and preventive measures that can be adopted.Orthodontically relevant sources of information were searched using electronic databases including PubMed and Google Scholar, Scopus and SciELO. As keywords, the terms “Orthodontics” and “Covid-19” were used in English. Where available, peer-reviewed and more recent publications were given priority.
Molar protaction –A review
Authors: Asok Nikhil , Raj Stuti , Sonal  , Tandon Ragni , Mahajan Shally 
Published: November 2020

To provide a assortment of the various methods as of how the dogma of molar protraction is achieved.: Orthodontically relevant sources of information were searched using electronic databases including PubMed and Google Scholar and current reports.: Due to the rapidly evolving new techniques in Orthodontics various methods have been explored and much is left to be disclosed.Keeping in mind the various methods through which one can approach Molar protraction, one should always check on the ease of the procedure avoiding dexterity for the clinician and also patient compliance must be seen. Over all the efficiency lies in the hand of the clinician more than the technique itself.
Perspectives of Nurses and Midwives on Determinants of Contemporary Image of Nursing and Midwifery Professions in Ghana: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Dzansi Gladys , KYEI JOSEPHINE , Ohene Lillian Akorfa , Acheampong Angela Kwartemaa , Adjei Charles Ampong , Adjorlolo Samuel , Asante Isabella Naana Akyaa , Woolley Philomena , Nyante Felix , Aziato Lydia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Nursing and midwifery image has endured positive and negative stereotypes in transition from vocation to a recognised profession and a discipline. Nevertheless, concerns about professional image still persist and factors influencing contemporary image of nursing and midwifery are least understood.Aim: The aim is this study is to investigate nurses and midwives’ perception of their professional image and describe the factors influencing their perception.Methods: A mixed method approach was employed. Qualitative data was first collected followed by a quantitative evaluation. Participants were recruited from six (6) regions in Ghana. Nurses and midwife age 18 years with at least one year practiced experience were eligible. Recruitment was done through one-on-one contact and via social media platforms. In depth interviews were conducted with 60 nurses and midwives and questionnaires completed by 778 respondents online. Interviews were transcribed, coded and grouped into themes and subthemes using content analysis. Mean and standard deviation were described and multi-level modelling was used to examine the personal, geographical and organizational factors influencing the contemporary image of the nurse and midwife.Results: Nurses and midwives had positive (M = 21.31, SD = 3.09) and negative perception of nursing and midwifery. Demographic factors such as education F(3, 772) = 5.10, p =.002, professional category F(2, 773) = 4.08, p = .017 and rank F(6, 766) = 3.07, P = .002 influenced professional image. Other qualitative determinants of image of nursing and midwifery were education and training, professionalism, clinical leadership culture and influence of regulatory body and professional associations. Conclusion: Nursing and midwifery profession in contemporary times still carries the perspectives of the medieval age. Strategies for de-emphasizing negative factors affecting the profession needs to be explored and addressed.
WITHDRAWN: Hypothalamic Glutamine-Glutamate Metabolites and Peripheral Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Participants with Depression: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Petrozzi Bruno Pedraz , Blecker Carlo , Neumann Elena , Sammer Gebhard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: In recent years, there has been increasing evidence of an inflammatory component due to overstimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) in depression. The glutamate metabolites (glutamate and glutamine) are important in this stimulation. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of hypothalamic glutamate metabolites in depression and to investigate their relationship to peripheral inflammation. Methods: Participants with diagnosed depression (DE; n = 24) and control subjects without depression (HC; n = 25) were investigated. Hypothalamic glutamate metabolites were recorded using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Peripheral cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-1β) were assessed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. For statistical analysis, generalized mixed models were computed using Poisson distributions and a log link function. Results: The results show overall higher hypothalamic glutamate metabolites in DE compared to HC. High TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations are associated with high hypothalamic glutamate metabolites in DE. Conclusions: These results provide initial evidence that, in depression, increased HPAA activity is associated with peripheral inflammation favored by hypothalamic glutamate metabolites.
WITHDRAWN: ATP mediates neuropathic pain in neuromyelitis optica via microglial activation
Authors: Ishikura Teruyuki , Kinoshita Makoto , Shimizu Mikito , Yasumizu Yoshiaki , Motooka Daisuke , Okuzaki Daisuke , Yamashita Kazuya , Murata Hisashi , Beppu Shohei , Koda Toru , Tada Satoru , Shiraishi Naoyuki , Sugiyama Yasuko , Miyamoto Katsuichi , Kusunoki Susumu , Sugimoto Tomoyuki , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Okuno Tatsusada , Mochizuki Hideki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Intractable neuropathic pain is a common symptom of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). However, the underlying mechanism of NMOSD pain remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to establish a novel animal model of NMOSD pain and to investigate its pathogenic mechanism.
Methods
We established an NMOSD pain model by injecting anti-AQP4 recombinant autoantibodies (AQP4-Ab) from NMOSD patient plasmablasts into rat spinal cords. We performed transcriptome analysis and pharmacological inhibition to elucidate the core mechanism of allodynia in the model.
Results
Development of mechanical allodynia was confirmed in the NMOSD pain model. AQP4-Ab mediated extracellular ATP release in vitro, and pharmacological inhibition of ATP receptor reversed mechanical allodynia in the NMOSD pain model. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed microglial activation and elevated levels of IL-1β in NMOSD spinal cord. Inhibition of microglial activation and neutralization of IL-1β also attenuated neuropathic pain in the NMOSD rat model. In human patients, CSF ATP concentration was significantly higher in the acute and remission phase of NMOSD than in multiple sclerosis or other neurological disorders.
Conclusion
A novel NMOSD pain model was established. ATP, microglial activation, and IL-1β secretion orchestrate the pathogenesis of NMOSD neuropathic pain.
A Study Protocol on Methodological Approach in Mental Health Status of&nbsp;COVID-19 Patients in the Main Hospitals in Malaysia (MentalStatCOVID)
Authors: Azlan Shaiful , Ahmad Noor Ani , Silim Umi Adzlin , Abdullah Muhammad Najib , Harun Norazam , Rezali Muhammad Solihin , Chan Ying Ying , Sahril Norhafizah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Mental health has always been an important marker for survival especially in the case of disaster due to pandemic disease. Therefore, we aimed to determine the burden of among COVID-19 patients in Malaysia. This article describes the study protocol on the research project entitled “Mental Health Status of COVID-19 Patients in the Main Hospitals in Malaysia”.Method: A cross-sectional study via web-based online survey involving 401 patients in the main COVID-19 hospitals in Malaysia who were selected via quota sampling. The questionnaire consists of socio-demographic profile, Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorders 7 items (GAD-7) and Brief COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced). The identified probable cases of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation were subsequently referred to psychiatrists.Discussion: The study should identify probable cases of depression and anxiety including suicidal ideation which should be managed appropriately by the psychiatrist in the participating hospital. The findings will reveal the current mental health burden towards COVID-19 patients.
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Use in Infants and Children Was Never Shown to Be Safe for Neurodevelopment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cendejas-Hernandez Jasmine , Sarafian Joshua , Lawton Victoria , Palkar Antara , Anderson Lauren , Lariviere Vincent , Parker William 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Although widely believed to be safe for use in infants and children when used as directed, increasing evidence indicates that early life exposure to paracetamol (acetaminophen) may cause long-term neurodevelopmental problems. Further, recent studies in animal models demonstrate that cognitive development is exquisitely sensitive to paracetamol exposure during early development. In this study, evidence for the claim that paracetamol is safe was evaluated using a systematic literature search. Methods: Publications on PubMed between 1974 and 2017 that contained the keywords “infant” and either “paracetamol” or “acetaminophen” were considered. Of those initial 3096 papers, 218 were identified that made claims that paracetamol was safe for use with infants or children. Of these, a total of 103 papers were identified as sources of authority for the safety claim, and 36 of those contained actual experiments designed to test safety. Results and Conclusions: The 36 experiments described had a median follow-up time of 24 hours, and none monitored neurodevelopment. Further, no trial considered total exposure to drug since birth, eliminating the possibility that the effects of drug exposure on long-term neurodevelopment could be accurately assessed. On the other hand, abundant and sufficient evidence was found to conclude that paracetamol does not induce acute liver damage in babies or children when used as directed.
Association among Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index and functional prognosis in elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nagai Takako , Uei Hiroshi , Nakanishi Kazuyoshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is one of the most common fractures in the elderly and the number is increasing. In addition, nutritional status is associated with functional prognosis in the elderly. However, there are limited reports on the relationship between nutritional status and functional prognosis in OVCF. Furthermore, there are no reports that have examined the relationship between OVCF nutritional status and functional prognosis using geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) for nutritional assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between nutritional status, activities of daily living (ADL), and fall after fracture in patients with OVCF.
Methods

The clinical information of 187 conservatively treated OVCF patients was retrospectively examined. This information included: age, sex, body mass index, total number of drugs used for treatment at admission, bone mineral density, use of drugs for osteoporosis, fracture type, comorbidity severity, nutritional status, Barthel Index (BI), and fall after OVCF. Subjects were divided into two groups according to their GNRI. Propensity score matching was used to confirm factors affecting BI and falls after OVCF.
Results

Sixty-eight patients (36.4%) presented with malnutrition at fracture. According to multiple linear regression analysis, GNRI positively affected BI gain (β = 0.283, 95% confidence interval [CI], -122.2 to -0.706, p = 0.001). Furthermore, on logistic regression analysis, fall after OVCF was associated with GNRI (odds ratio = 0.896, 95% CI, 0.832 to 0.964, p = 0.003).
Conclusions

Malnutrition in elderly OVCF patients decreases the acquisition of ADL and increases fall risk. Improvement of nutritional status during OVCF treatment may lead to improvement of ADL and prevention of falls.
Short-term Exposure of PM2.5 and PM10 Increases the Number of Outpatients with Eczema in Guangzhou: A Time-Series Study
Authors: Zhang Ji , Yang Yicheng , Xu Jing , Jing Dian , Sun Bo , Chen Yilin , Chen Junyi , Shen Shuqun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The worldwide prevalence of eczema has continued to rise over the past decades.This has led to emphasis on the association between air pollution and eczema. This study investigated the relationship between daily exposure to air pollution and the number of eczema outpatient visits in Guangzhou with the overarching goal of providing novel insights on the interventions for eczema aggravation and prevention.Methods: Daily air pollution data, meteorological data, and number of eczema outpatients were obtained from 18th January 2013 to 31st December 2018 in Guangzhou. A generalized additive model with Poisson distribution was used to assess the association between the number of eczema outpatient visits and short-term exposure of PM2.5 and PM10. In addition, the effect of PM2.5 and PM10 by age (<65 years, ≥65 years) and gender was evaluated. Results: A total of 293,343 eczema outpatient visits were recorded. The obtained results indicated that a 10μg/m3 increase of the same day/ lag 1 day/ lag 2 days PM2.5 was associated with increments of 2.33%(RR=1.0233, 95%CI: 1.0206-1.0260, P<0.001), 1.81% (RR=1.0181, 95%CI: 1.0153-1.0209, P<0.001), and 0.95%(RR=1.0095, 95%CI: 1.0068-1.0123, P<0.001) in eczema outpatients risk, respectively. On the other hand, a 10μg/m3 increase of PM10 was associated with eczema outpatients risk increments of 1.97%(RR=1.0197, 95%CI: 1.0177-1.0217, P<0.001), 1.65%(RR=1.0165, 95%CI: 1.0145-1.0186, P<0.001), and 0.98%(RR=1.0098, 95%CI: 1.0078-1.0118, P<0.001), respectively. Furthermore, the effects of PM on the increment of eczema were similar in the male and female groups. Results obtained after age stratification analyses indicated that the strongest positive association between PM2.5 exposure and eczema were observed at lag 0 day with the percent changes being 4.72% (95%CI, 4.18-5.28%, P<0.001), 1.92%(95%CI: 1.65-2.19%, P<0.001) and 3.34% (95%CI, 2.9- 3.78%, P<0.001) in <12 years old, ≥12 and <65years old, and ≥65 years old groups, respectively. Conclusion: Short-term exposure of PM2.5 and PM10 increases the number of eczema outpatients especially among children and the elderly. This study has provided a further understanding of the relationship between air pollutants and eczema, which will benefit disease prevention and lower the health burden.
Exploring Indian Spices As Promising Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Garg Kirti , Giri Astha 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Infectious diseases caused by pathogens, and food contamination caused by microorganisms, are compromising human health. The efficacies of antimicrobials have weakened by microbial resistance, while antibiotic toxicity is another challenge, arising the need of natural antimicrobial agents. Objective: Spices have been long used to enhance flavor and aroma of food, and for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. In this study, antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of five Indian spices i.e. Black pepper, Carom, Cinnamon, Clove and Cumin, was explored against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, by agar dilution method and disk diffusion method. Methods: For agar dilution, aqueous and ethanolic extracts, with concentrations ranging from 0.5mg/ml – 8mg/ml, were used. For disc diffusion method, varying concentrations of the ethanolic extracts (50%, 75% and 100%) were used. Results: The results showed inhibitory effect on the growth of the microbes at higher concentrations of extracts. Clove’s bud showed the best antimicrobial effect, having minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) less than 0.5mg/ml for aqueous extract and 6mg/ml for ethanolic extract against both bacteria, and had the biggest zone of inhibition i.e. 21mm, against E. coli, while Black pepper had a zone of inhibition of 20mm against S. aureus. Conclusion: It was noted that the spice extracts, in general, were more effective against S. aureus than E. coli. Therefore, spices and particularly Clove and Black pepper extracts have great potential to be further tested and developed as novel safe antimicrobial agents.
Healthcare Resource Utilization and Healthcare costs of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus in a tertiary care public hospital: A cross-sectional study in Thailand
Authors: Leeyaphan Jirapong , Leeyaphan Charussri , Sutha Patama , Taychakhoonavudh Suthira , Kulthanachairojana Nattanichcha 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Health care costs (HCCs) are a significant concern in developing countries. We investigated the healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and HCCs for patients with COVID-19 concerning disease-severity and infection site.Methods: We reviewed the data from electronic medical records of COVID-19 patients. We used comorbidity conditions and patient characteristics as covariates. Analyses were conducted using simple linear regression and generalized linear regression models with a log–link and gamma distribution. Results: A total of 202 patients were confirmed to have a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Total costs per patient were USD 6,626 (USD 5,901–7,350). Personal protection equipment costs were the most significant cost for COVID-19 patients (USD 3,777). Mean medication costs per patient were USD 300 (USD 182–419). Patients with severe symptoms and a lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) had a higher cost and resource utilization value both before and after adjusting for covariates.Conclusions: COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms and LRI were associated with higher HCRU. length of stay, severe symptoms, and LRI were associated with a higher cost of treatment.