bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium of tert‐butanol + water + ionic liquids at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Jia Peng , Zhao Zongchang , Zhang Xiaodong , Hao Ce 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDtert‐Butanol (TBA) and water form an azeotrope at atmospheric pressure. Therefore, extractive distillation was adopted to separate the azeotropic mixture. As a new kind of solvent, the ionic liquids (ILs) 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([MMIM][DMP]) and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([EMIM][DEP]) were chosen to break the azeotropic point in extractive distillation.RESULTSFor the ternary mixture of TBA + water + ILs, the isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium data at atmospheric pressure for three IL mole fractions (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) were measured. The results indicated that the volatility of TBA relative to water became higher after [MMIM][DMP] or [EMIM][DEP] was added. The nonrandom two‐liquid (NRTL) model and the COSMO‐RS theory were used to predict the ternary experimental data. The predicted results from the NRTL model showed good agreement with the experimental data. The predicted results from COSMO‐RS showed that the vapor‐phase mole fraction basically agreed with the experimental data and the equilibrium temperatures were lower than the experimental data. σ‐Profiles, σ‐potentials and σ‐surfaces were calculated based on COSMO‐RS. The results were the same as for the experiments, namely the interaction between water and ILs was stronger than other interactions; the affinity of water and [MMIM][DMP] was stronger than that of water and [EMIM][DEP].CONCLUSIONSThe separation of the binary azeotrope of TBA and water was achieved after the ILs [MMIM][DMP] or [EMIM][DEP] were added. The separation ability of [MMIM][DMP] was better than that of [EMIM][DEP]. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of an e‐book assignment using Fink's Taxonomy of Significant Learning among undergraduate dental hygiene students
Authors: Partido Brian B. , Chartier Elizabeth , Jewell Jennifer 
Published: June 2020

AbstractContextWith significant learning experiences, students undergo positive, substantial, and lasting influences on their personal and professional lives. With grant support from The Ohio State University's Affordable Learning Exchange Program, students created e‐book chapters for a Current Concepts in Dental Hygiene as a significant learning experience.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an e‐book chapter creation project on the learning of undergraduate dental hygiene students using Fink's Taxonomy of Significant Learning.DesignUpon IRB exemption, this study involved a mixed‐methods, cross‐sectional research design involving a survey of attitudinal and reflective questions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.ResultsThe data from 100% (n = 41) of the dental hygiene students enrolled in the Current Concepts in Dental Hygiene course were analyzed. Most students recognized the alignment of the 6 scaffolded assignments with the 6 domains of Fink's Taxonomy of Significant Learning. Most students agreed the project focused on foundational knowledge (68.8%, n = 27), promoted active learning (73.2%, n = 30), applied to real life problems (63.4%, n = 26), and provided life lessons (56.1%, n = 23). Thematic analysis revealed students appreciated the teamwork involved and the scaffolding of assignments, recognized the challenges of inconsistent feedback and technical issues with the software, and felt that more faculty guidance and technical support would have improved their experiences.ConclusionFuture research should evaluate the impact of using Fink's Taxonomy of Significant Learning with the design of courses or course‐long projects on the education of dental and dental hygiene students.
Novel approach in the synthesis of imidazo [1, 2‐a] pyridine from phenyl acrylic acids
Authors: Mutkule Nilesh , Bugad Nageshprasad , Mokale Santosh , Choudhari Vilas , Ubale Milind 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper describes highly efficient concise method for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐a] pyridine. It is a first report employing, amino pyridines, copper nitrate, and phenyl acrylic acids in the synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐a] pyridine. The silent features of the devised protocol include the high yield, milder reaction conditions, and shorter reaction time.
Clinical Value of Noncontrast‐Enhanced Radial Quiescent‐Interval Slice‐Selective (QISS) Magnetic Resonance Angiography for the Diagnosis of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Compared to Contrast‐Enhanced Computed Tomography and Cartesian Balanced Steady‐State Free Precession
Authors: Salehi Ravesh Mona , Tesch Karolin , Lebenatus Annett , Koktzoglou Ioannis , Edelman Robert R. , Eden Matthias , Langguth Patrick , Graessner Joachim , Jansen Olav , Both Marcus 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundFree‐breathing noncontrast‐enhanced (non‐CE) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) techniques are of considerable interest for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism (APE), due to the possibility for repeated examinations, avoidance of side effects from iodine‐based contrast agents, and the absence of ionizing radiation exposure as compared to CE‐computed tomographic angiography (CTA).PurposeTo analyze the clinical performance of free‐breathing and electrocardiogram (ECG)‐gated radial quiescent‐interval slice‐selective (QISS)‐MRA compared to CE‐CTA and to Cartesian balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP)‐MRA.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsThirty patients with confirmed APE and 30 healthy volunteers (HVs).Field Strength/SequenceRadial QISS‐ and bSSFP‐MRA at 1.5T.AssessmentSignal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) were computed to compare the pulmonary imaging quality between MRA methods. The pulmonary arterial tree was divided into 25 branches and an ordinal scoring system was used to assess the image quality of each pulmonary branch. The clinical performance of the two MRA techniques in accurately assessing APE was evaluated with respect to CE‐CTA as the clinical reference standard.Statistical TestsWilcoxon signed‐rank and Spearman's correlation tests were performed. Sensitivity and specificity of the MRA techniques were determined using CE‐CTA as the clinical reference standard.ResultsThrombus‐mimicking artifacts appeared more frequently in lobar and peripheral arteries of patients with Cartesian bSSFP than with radial QISS‐MRA (pulmonary trunk: 12.2% vs. 14.0%, P = 0.64; lobar arteries: 35.6% vs. 22.0%, P = 0.005, peripheral arteries: 74.4% vs. 49.0%, P < 0.001). The relative increases in SNR and of CNR provided by radial QISS‐MRA with respect to Cartesian bSSFP‐MRA were 30–35% (P‐values of SNR/CNR, HVs: 0.09/0.09, patients: 0.03/0.02). The image quality of pulmonary arterial branches was considered good to excellent in 77.2% of patients with radial QISS‐MRA and in 43.2% with Cartesian bSSFP‐MRA (P < 0.0001). The clinical performance of radial QISS‐MRA was higher than Cartesian bSSFP‐MRA for grading embolism, with a total sensitivity of 86.0% vs. 80.6% and a specificity of 93.3% vs. 84.0%, respectively.Data ConclusionRadial QISS‐MRA is a reliable and safe non‐CE angiographic technique with promising clinical potential compared to Cartesian bSSFP‐MRA and as an alternative technique to CE‐CTA for the diagnosis of APE.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage3
Dynamics of the seasonal wave height variability in the South China Sea
Authors: Zhai Fangguo , Wu Wenfan , Gu Yanzhen , Li Peiliang , Liu Zizhou 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWind‐driven ocean surface gravity waves exhibit large fluctuations on multiple scales in both space and time, which greatly impact on air‐sea interactions and human activities in the ocean. The wave height in the South China Sea (SCS) is dominated by the seasonal variability, but the underlying dynamics is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the dynamics of the significant wave height (SWH) seasonality in the SCS using the WAVEWATCH III wave model. The results indicate that the SCS SWH seasonality is dominated by local sea surface winds inside the SCS with a secondary contribution from remote sea surface winds in the tropical western North Pacific Ocean through the propagation of waves. Local sea surface winds alone lead to the SWH maxima occurring in different regions inside the SCS in different seasons. Remote sea surface winds, on the contrary, result in a high SWH tongue extending from the Pacific Ocean into the SCS through the Luzon Strait all year round. They contribute positively to the SCS SWH seasonality, but the contributions are only significant in the northern SCS and decrease westward/southwestward from the Luzon Strait. The SWH in the northern SCS induced by the seasonality of remote sea surface winds is largest in winter while smallest in summer. However, the contribution of remote sea surface winds relative to that of local sea surface winds gets largest in spring, when the local sea surface winds are weakest of the year. The current study emphasizes the importance of sea surface winds in the Pacific Ocean in regulating the SCS SWH seasonality and is helpful for further studies of the dynamics and predictions of wave climate variabilities on multiple time scales in the SCS.
Effect of Fine Bubbles on Removal of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate Surfactant during the Rinsing Stage of Laundry Washing
Authors: Oya Masaru 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe use of fine bubbles is a promising approach to remove surfactant efficiently during the rinsing process of clothing, to fulfill a requirement. Therefore, the influence of fine bubbles on the removal performance of surfactant from cloth during the rinse process of pulsator washing machine (top loading type) was investigated. The test apparatus was assembled by connecting a microbubble generation tank and a small washing machine with tubes and circulating fine bubble water to a small washing machine. Swatches of cloth with a specified amount of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) adsorbed from aqueous solution, were rinsed with tap water, and the LAS concentration in the rinse water was examined with an HPLC system equipped with a high‐precision fluorescence detector. The average bubble diameter of the fine bubble water used was 0.13–1.4 μm. In the rinsing experiment, no difference was found in the final LAS removal efficiency between water with and without bubbles; but the former increased the LAS removal rate during the initial stage of rinsing. This tendency was particularly noticeable when the stirring power of the washing machine was weak. Therefore, it was concluded that the fine bubble effect on the removal of the surfactant is mainly a kinetic effect rather than an equilibrium effect.
Deep chlorophyll maxima across a trophic state gradient: A case study in the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Scofield Anne E. , Watkins James M. , Osantowski Eric , Rudstam Lars G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDeep chlorophyll maxima (DCM) are common in stratified lakes and oceans, and phytoplankton growth within DCM often contributes significantly to total system production. Theory suggests that properties of DCM should be predictable by trophic state, with DCM becoming deeper, broader, and less productive with greater oligotrophy. However, rigorous tests of these expectations are lacking in freshwater systems. We use data generated by the U.S. EPA from 1996 to 2017, including in situ profile data for temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), chlorophyll, beam attenuation (cp), and dissolved oxygen (DO), to investigate patterns in DCM across lakes and over time. We consider trophic state, 1% PAR depth (z1%), thermal structure, and degree of photoacclimation as potential drivers of DCM characteristics. DCM depth and thickness generally increased while DCM chlorophyll concentration decreased with decreasing trophic state index (greater oligotrophy). The z1% was a stronger predictor of DCM depth than thermal structure. DCM in meso‐oligotrophic waters were closely aligned with maxima in cp and DO saturation, suggesting they are autotrophically productive. However, the depths of these maxima diverged in ultra‐oligotrophic waters, with DCM occurring deepest. This is likely a consequence of photoacclimation in high‐transparency waters, where cp can be a better proxy for phytoplankton biomass than chlorophyll. Our results are generally consistent with expectations from DCM theory, but they also identify specific gaps in our understanding of DCM in lakes, including the causes of multiple DCM, the importance of nutriclines, and the processes forming DCM at higher light levels than expected.
Robotic Versus Open Right Lobe Donor Hepatectomy for Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Propensity Score–Matched Analysis
Authors: Broering Dieter C. , Elsheikh Yasser , Alnemary Yasir , Zidan Ahmed , Elsarawy Ahmed , Saleh Yahia , Alabbad Saleh ,   ,, Sturdevant Mark , Wu Yao‐Ming , Troisi Roberto I. 
Published: June 2020

Robotic right lobe donor hepatectomy (RRLDH) is rarely performed, and data concerning its safety and efficacy are lacking. Here we compare our series of RRLDHs with a similar cohort undergoing open right lobe donor hepatectomy (ORLDH) with a propensity score–matched (PSM) analysis. Among 263 consecutive adult patients undergoing right lobe living donor hepatectomy from January 2015 until July 2019, 35 RRLDHs were matched to 70 ORLDHs. A 1:2 PSM analysis was performed to make the groups comparable for donor sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) and for recipient sex, age, BMI, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score, and indication for transplant. Operative time was longer in RRLDHs compared with ORLDHs (504 ± 73.5 versus 331 ± 65.1 minutes; P < 0.001) but significantly decreased with the number of patients (P < 0.001). No conversions occurred. First warm ischemia time was longer and blood loss significantly less in RRLDHs (P = 0.001 and 0.003, respectively). Overall donor complications were similar: 2 (6%) in RRLDHs versus 12 (17%) in ORLDHs (P = 0.13). Biliary leak occurred in 1 (3%) patient receiving a robotic procedure and 2 (3%) patients receiving the conventional approach. Donors undergoing robotic surgery required less patient‐controlled analgesia and had a shorter hospital stay compared with the open surgery group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). No significant differences in graft anatomical data and recipient outcomes were recorded. RRLDH is feasible, safe, and reproducible, with significantly decreased blood loss and a shorter hospital stay compared with the open procedure. The first 35 patients receiving the robotic procedure showed a substantial reduction in operative time, reflecting a rapid shortening of the learning curve.
Advection‐diffusion dynamics with nonlinear boundary flux as a model for crystal growth
Authors: Pauthier Antoine , Scheel Arnd 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe analyze the effect of nonlinear boundary conditions on an advection‐diffusion equation on the half‐line. Our model is inspired by models for crystal growth where diffusion models diffusive relaxation of a displacement field, advection is induced by apical growth, and boundary conditions incorporate non‐adiabatic effects on displacement at the boundary. The equation, in particular the boundary fluxes, possesses a discrete gauge symmetry, and we study the role of simple, entire solutions, here periodic, homoclinic, or heteroclinic relative to this gauge symmetry, in the global dynamics.
Dual‐wideband bandpass filter using multilayer broadside‐coupled structure
Authors: Ji Wu‐Sheng , Tong Ying‐Yun , Zhang Zhi‐Yue , Dai Wei , Li Ya‐Jing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe paper presents a dual‐wideband bandpass filter using multilayer broadside‐coupled microstrip‐coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure. The half‐wavelength stepped‐impedance resonators at the top and bottom layers are broadside coupled in the vertical direction through a CPW‐multimode resonator (CPW‐MMR) at the mid layer, which forms a mixed MMR. The ultra‐wideband obtained from tight coupling is split into two passbands by introducing extra transmission zeros, good impedance matching is achieved by adopting open‐ended microstrip stubs on the input and output microstrip feed lines, and the dual‐wideband characteristic is realized. The proposed filter is small in size, and its operation bands and the bandwidth of the stopband are adjustable. Both experiments and computer simulations were conducted, and the measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results.
An efficient methodology for stress‐based finite element approximations in two‐dimensional elasticity
Authors: de Almeida J.P. Moitinho , Reis Jonatha 
Published: June 2020

SummaryWe present an efficient approach to compute the matrices used in finite element formulations where self‐equilibrated (zero divergence) approximations of the stress field are used. The fundamental aspect of this approach is that it is applicable to polynomial approximations of high degree (it was tested up to degree 10), providing closed‐form expressions for the elementary matrices involved. The components of the stress field are defined as a function of the coordinates in the master element, facilitating the postprocessing of the finite element results and allowing for the consideration of geometric parameters in reduced order models.
Nurses' perceptions of patient participation in the myocardial infarction pathway
Authors: Bårdsgjerde Elise Kvalsund , Landstad Bodil J. , Hole Torstein , Nylenna Magne , Gjeilo Kari Hanne , Kvangarsnes Marit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo explore nurses' perceptions of patient participation in different phases of the myocardial infarction pathway.DesignQualitative design with a hermeneutical approach.MethodsFive focus groups were conducted at two hospitals, one with and one without percutaneous coronary intervention facilities, between February–November 2018. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Twenty‐two nurses experienced in cardiac care participated. The analysis had a hermeneutical approach.ResultsThe findings revealed nurses' perceptions of patient participation in different phases of the myocardial infarction pathway. Four themes were identified: (a) variation between paternalism and autonomy in the acute phase; (b) individualization of dialogue and patient participation during treatment; (c) lack of coherence in the pathway hinders patient participation at discharge; and (d) cardiac rehabilitation promotes patients' autonomous decisions in lifestyle changes.
Supplementing forestry field instruction with video and online dynamic quizzing
Authors: Culbert Patrick D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlant identification is a critical skill for students in biological sciences, especially forestry. Many students begin with limited plant identification abilities and struggle to learn this skill. To support student learning of identification and ecological characteristics of important forest plants in an undergraduate forest ecology course at the University of British Columbia, I developed 53 videos, a companion website, and a dynamic quizzing system. The professionally produced, short videos each featured identification and ecological characteristics of a plant species, filmed in the field. The companion information website contained the embedded videos, botanical drawings, photographs, and general information for each species. The online, dynamic practice‐quizzing system allowed students to select which species they wanted to be quizzed on. Questions about those plants were then dynamically generated following several question templates, enabling students to take many practice quizzes with few or no repeated questions. Students were surveyed to gain insight into usage patterns and opinions of these resources. Student feedback was positive, and all three resources were heavily used. The videos are publicly available and have more than 43,000 views. Although this project required significant time and financial resources to produce, I found that field instruction can be supported by optional online resources that are both appreciated and heavily used by students.
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus–Arcuate Nucleus Axis: Interaction Between Time and Metabolism Essential for Health
Authors: Méndez‐Hernández Rebeca , Escobar Carolina , Buijs Ruud M. 
Published: June 2020

In mammals, time and metabolism are tightly coupled variables; this relationship can be illustrated by numerous examples, such as the circadian variation in food intake or the circadian response to a glucose bolus. We review evidence that the interaction between the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the arcuate nucleus plays a key role in the execution of these functions. The nuclei are reciprocally connected via different projections, and this interaction provides an ideal anatomical framework to modify the temporal output of the hypothalamus to metabolic organs as a consequence of the feedback from the periphery. The suprachiasmatic nucleus–arcuate nucleus relationship is essential to integrate metabolic information into the circadian system and thus adapt circadian rhythms in core body temperature, locomotor activity, food intake, and circulating molecules such as glucose and corticosterone. With the rise in obesity‐associated diseases in the world population, gaining knowledge about this relationship, and the consequences of disturbing this liaison, is essential to understand the pathogenesis of obesity.
High Glucose‐Aggravated Hepatic Insulin Resistance: Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Kupffer Cells
Authors: Zheng Tao , Wang Qibin , Dong Yongcheng , Ma Weidong , Zhang Yonghong , Zhao Yan , Bian Fang , Chen Li 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate whether the NLRP3 inflammasome in Kupffer cells (KCs) can be activated in response to high glucose (HG) and to evaluate its influence on hepatic insulin sensitivity.MethodsPrimary KCs and hepatocytes were isolated from mice, and lipid accumulation, glucose output, and insulin sensitivity of hepatocytes were investigated after culturing either alone or with KCs exposed to HG. The influence of HG‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in KCs on insulin sensitivity of hepatocytes was examined. Treatment with gadolinium trichloride caused KC depletion, and, subsequently, a streptozotocin‐induced hyperglycemic mouse model was used to confirm the influence of KCs on hepatic insulin sensitivity.ResultsHepatocytes cocultured with KCs showed enhanced lipid accumulation, glucose output, and impaired insulin sensitivity when exposed to HG. Enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation was also evident in both hepatocytes and KCs. Moreover, KCs that were pretreated with caspase‐1 inhibitor, NLRP3 inhibitor, and NLRP3 small interfering RNA corrected coculture‐induced aberrances in insulin action and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hepatocytes. KC coculture also increased interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β)–mediated nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation in hepatocytes. In hyperglycemic mice, KC depletion inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and improved hepatic insulin sensitivity.ConclusionsNLRP3 inflammasome activation impaired insulin sensitivity through KC‐derived IL‐1β–mediated NF‐κB activation in hepatocytes exposed to HG.