bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To agree or not to agree? English adjectives in Estonian-English bilingual blogs and vlogs
Authors: Kask Helin 
Published: February 2020

The article focuses on the agreement (in case and number) of English adjectives used with Estonian nouns in noun phrases (Eng ADJ + EST N) in Estonian blogs and vlogs. According to the Matrix Language Frame model (MLF), one would expect English adjective stems to take on Estonian inflections, but this is not always the case. The data comes from fashion and lifestyle blogs and vlogs that have Estonian as the main language and contain English language material to various degrees. Altogether, 84 noun phrases were analysed: in 35 instances the adjective agreed with the noun and in 46 instances it did not; in 3 instances the agreement was complicated to determine. The analysis showed that English adjectives that have a sound structure similar to Estonian adjectives as a rule agree with Estonian nouns. Factors that may lead to non-agreement are stem alternation, differences in writing and pronunciation, and personal preferences.
Kokkuvõte. Helin Kask: Ühilduda või mitte? Inglise adjektiivid eestiinglise kakskeelsetes blogides ja vlogides. Artiklis uuritakse, kas eestiinglise kakskeelsetes blogides ja vlogides ühilduvad inglise adjektiivid eesti substan tiividega käändes ja arvus. Maatrikskeele raamistiku mudeli kohaselt eel datakse, et inglise tüvele lisatakse vajalikud eesti käändelõpud ja muud tunnused, siiski ei ole see alati nii. Andmed pärinevad moe-, ilu- ja elustiiliblogidest ning -vlogidest, milles põhikeel on eesti keel, kuid milles kasu tatakse ka inglise keelt. Kokku uuriti 84 nimisõnafraasi (inglise ADJ + eesti SUB), neist 35 juhul ühildus inglise adjektiiv eesti substantiiviga nii arvus kui ka käändes ning 46 juhul ei ühildunud, 3 juhul ei olnud võimalik ühildumist üheselt määrata. Analüüs näitas, et eesti substantiividega ühilduvad sellised ingliskeelsed adjektiivid, mis häälikulise ja silbistruktuuri poolest sarnanevad eesti muuttüüpide tüüpsõnadega. Mitteühildumise põhjused on astmevaheldus, erinevused kirjapildis ja häälduses, samuti informandi isiklikud eelistused.
Morae in Estonian. A reply to Natalja Kuznetsova’s paper “Estonian word prosody on the Procrustean bed of morae”
Authors: Prillop Külli 
Published: February 2020

This reply to Natalja Kuznetsova highlights many questionable interpretations and outcomes, ten serious errors and five minor inaccuracies in her polemical paper “Estonian word prosody on the Procrustean bed of morae” (2018). The proposed list of errors includes misinterpretations of Estonian language data, faulty citations and biased conclusions.
Kokkuvõte. Külli Prillop: Moorad eesti keeles. Vastus Natalja Kuznetsova artiklile “Eesti sõnaprosoodia moorade Prokrustese sängis”. Vastus Natalja Kuznetsovale toob välja mitu küsitavat tõlgendust ja tulemust, kümme tõsist viga ja viis väiksemat ebatäpsust tema poleemilises artiklis “Estonian word prosody on the Procrustean bed of morae”. Esitatud loend vigadest sisaldab eesti keeleandmete väärtõlgendusi, vigaseid tsitaate ja kallutatud järeldusi.
Single-shot phase calibration of a spatial light modulator using geometric phase interferometry
Authors: DeMars Luke A. , Mikuła-Zdańkowska Marta , Falaggis Konstantinos , Porras-Aguilar Rosario 
Published: February 2020

A vibration-insensitive, single-shot phase-calibration method for phase-only spatial light modulators (SLM) is reported. The proposed technique uses a geometric phase lens to form a phase-shifting radial shearing interferometer to enable common-path measurements. This configuration has several advantages: (a) unlike diffraction-based SLM calibration techniques, this technique is robust against intensity errors due to misalignment; (b) unlike two-beam interferometers, this technique offers a high environmental stability; and (c) unlike intensity-based methods, the phase-shifting capability provides a phase uncertainty routinely in the order of

2

π

/

100

. The experimental results show a significantly higher accuracy when compared to the diffraction-based approaches.
Scattering force and heating effect in laser-induced plasmonic welding of silver nanowire junctions
Authors: Wan Hui , Gui Chengqun , Chen Dong , Miao Jiaohao , Zhao Qiang , Luan Shiyi , Zhou Shengjun 
Published: February 2020

Light–nanomaterial interaction is accompanied by a scattering force and a heating effect. When silver nanowires are irradiated by a laser pulse with light intensity above the melting threshold, they are observed to melt into nanospheres and fly away from their original position. Simulation and experimental results show that the localized surface plasmon resonance excited by laser pulse will heat the ends and junction areas of silver nanowires, causing the occurrence of local melting at these locations. Since the local melting cannot alter the position of silver nanowire, a mathematical model was developed to evaluate the scattering force acting on silver nanowire. According to the developed mathematical model, the scattering force acting on silver nanowire mainly depends on specific surface area of silver nanowire and incident light intensity. When the light intensity of the laser pulse is

3.0

×

10

12

W

/

m

2

, the scattering force acting on the silver nanowire can reach

10

5

times the gravity of silver nanowire. To obtain silver nanowires networks, the light intensity of the laser pulse was manipulated to regulate the scattering force and heating effect acting on the silver nanowire. As a result, silver nanowire networks were obtained with light intensity of

1.4

×

10

10

W

/

m

2

at a scanning speed of 1000 mm/s. This laser-induced plasmonic welding paves the way for improved understanding and control of fundamental laser–nanomaterial interactions.
Unibody microscope objective tipped with a microsphere: design, fabrication, and application in subwavelength imaging
Authors: Yan Bing , Song Yang , Yang Xibin , Xiong Daxi , Wang Zengbo 
Published: February 2020

Microsphere-based subwavelength imaging technique was first demonstrated in 2011. After nearly a decade of efforts, such technique has spawned numerous interests in fields such as laser nano-machining, imaging, sensing, and biological detection. For wider industrial-scale application of the technique, a robust and low-cost objective lens incorporating a microsphere lens is highly desired and sought by many researchers. In this work, we demonstrate a unibody microscope objective lens formed by tipping a high-index microsphere onto a plano-convex lens and subsequently fitting them into a conventional objective lens. We call this the plano-convex-microsphere (PCM) objective, which resembles the appearance and operation of an ordinary microscope objective while providing super-resolving power in discerning subwavelength 100 nm features (

λ

/

4

.

7

) in air and far-field conditions. The imaging performance of the PCM objective, along with the working distance, has been systematically investigated. It has a calibrated resolution of

λ

/

3

in the far field, a numerical aperture of 1.57, and a working distance of 3.5 µm. With the assistance of a scanning process, larger-area imaging is realized. The PCM objective can be easily adapted to existing microscope systems and is appealing for commercialization.
Suprathreshold contrast response in normal and anomalous trichromats
Authors: Knoblauch Kenneth , Marsh-Armstrong Brennan , Werner John S. 
Published: February 2020

Maximum likelihood difference scaling was used to measure
suprathreshold contrast response difference scales for low-frequency
Gabor patterns, modulated along luminance and L–M color directions in
normal, protanomalous, and deuteranomalous observers. Based on a
signal-detection model, perceptual scale values, parameterized as

d
′

, were estimated by maximum
likelihood. The difference scales were well fit by a Michaelis–Menten
model, permitting estimates of response and contrast gain parameters
for each subject. Anomalous observers showed no significant
differences in response or contrast gain from normal observers for
luminance contrast. For chromatic modulation, however, anomalous
observers displayed higher contrast and lower response gain compared
to normal observers. These effects cannot be explained by simple
pigment shift models, and they support a compensation mechanism to
optimize the mapping of the input contrast range to the neural
response range. A linear relation between response and contrast gain
suggests a neural trade-off between them.
Gestaltungsorientierte Forschung am Beispiel der Referenzmodellierung in der Telekommunikationsindustrie
Authors: Czarnecki Christian , Dietze Christian 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungAm Beispiel der Telekommunikationsindustrie zeigt der Beitrag eine konkrete Ausgestaltung anwendungsorientierter Forschung, die sowohl für die Praxis als auch für die Wissenschaft nutzen- und erkenntnisbringend ist. Forschungsgegenstand sind die Referenzmodelle des Industriegremiums TM Forum, die von vielen Telekommunikationsunternehmen zur Transformation ihrer Strukturen und Systeme genutzt werden. Es wird die langjährige Forschungstätigkeit bei der Weiterentwicklung und Anwendung dieser Referenzmodelle beschrieben. Dabei wird ein konsequent gestaltungsorientierter Forschungsansatz verfolgt. Das Zusammenspiel aus kontinuierlicher Weiterentwicklung in Zusammenarbeit mit einem Industriegremium und der Anwendung in vielfältigen Praxisprojekten führt zu einer erfolgreichen Symbiose aus praktischer Nutzengenerierung sowie wissenschaftlichem Erkenntnisgewinn. Der Beitrag stellt den gewählten Forschungsansatz anhand konkreter Beispiele vor. Darauf basierend werden Empfehlungen und Herausforderungen für eine gestaltungs- und praxisorientierte Forschung diskutiert.
Smell assessment in a HIV positive population: An observational study
Authors: Kamel Usama Fawzy , Andrady Ushan , Salama Rafik 
Published: February 2020

HIV (Human Immuno-deficiency Virus) infection has a multi system effect. some publications claimed deterioration of smell perception in HIV. In this study, we present our smell assessment in a group of HIV patients using market available tests.

Methods:
Cross sectional observational study of 19 patients recruited from a North Wales genito-urinary medicine (GUM) clinic. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to HIV diagnosed patients. Patients who gave consent for the study were invited to an ENT clinic where smell and nasal assessment took place. Patients had anterior rhinoscoy. Smell Threshold test kit was used to assess smell sensation. Normal score smell threshold was considered if score was 5.5 or above.

Results:
16 males and 3 females, age range 22-75 (mean 46 years old). 2 African and 17 Caucasian origin subjects. 14/19 (74%) had HIV diagnosis for less than five years. 11/19 (58%) had hyposmia (mean 4.40 while normal score is 5.50) when tested. 16/19 (84%) complained of no hyposmia prior to testing. 12/19 (63%) had highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) treatment. 6/19 (32%) used recreational drugs (Cannabis). None of the patients had cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:
HIV patients had hyposmia although patients did not report it as a compalaint. Smell threshold is affected in HIV positive patients. This is important for patients health and safety. We recommend assessment of smell in HIV positive patients so they become aware of their reduced sense and its implication.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Sirih dan Metode Ekstraksinya Dalam Menghambat Penyakit Antraknosa pada Cabai Pascapanen
Authors: Trisnawati Desi , Nugroho Lilik Pujantoro Eko , Tondok Efi Toding 
Published: February 2020

Extract of Piper betle as An Inhibitor of Anthracnose Postharvest Disease on Chili Pepper
Chili is a horticultural commodity that mostly needed by consumers in the fresh condition. However, there is an interval of time needed to deliver it from producers (farmers) to consumers. During the supply chain, deterioration of the quality of chilli fruit can occur by the presence of anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. The use of syntetic fungicides to control anthracnose disease is not recommended because it will leave residues that are harmful to consumers. The alternative that can be done is to use botanical pesticides as fungicides. The aim of this research is to study the potential of Piper betle leaves extract (PLE) in inhibiting the development of the antracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum acutatum on the chili during storage. The sequences of this research were strarted with production of PLE by boiling method which was preceded by blanching, chopping, and without treatment of betel leaves, then bioassay of betel extract by measuring the diameter of fungus growth on PDA+ PLE. The third test was application of PLE on fresh chili fruits by spraying and soaking, continued by observed the antracnoseinsidence on chili during storage time (21 days). The results showed that the chopping method was the best betel leaf extraction method among other treatments, the use of 10% PLE concentration was the most effective concentration in inhibiting the growth of C. acutatum in vitro, spraying treatment using 10% EDS was the most effective in inhibited the insidence of anthracnose disease.
Sexual Orientation and Suicide Attempt Disparities Among US Adolescents: 2009–2017
Authors: Raifman Julia , Charlton Brittany M. , Arrington-Sanders Renata , Chan Philip A. , Rusley Jack , Mayer Kenneth H. , Stein Michael D. , Austin S. Bryn , McConnell Margaret 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND:
Sexual minority adolescents face mental health disparities relative to heterosexual adolescents. We evaluated temporal changes in US adolescent reported sexual orientation and suicide attempts by sexual orientation.

METHODS:
We used Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance data from 6 states that collected data on sexual orientation identity and 4 states that collected data on sex of sexual contacts continuously between 2009 and 2017. We estimated odds ratios using logistic regression models to evaluate changes in reported sexual orientation identity, sex of consensual sexual contacts, and suicide attempts over time and calculated marginal effects (MEs).

RESULTS:
The proportion of adolescents reporting minority sexual orientation identity nearly doubled, from 7.3% in 2009 to 14.3% in 2017 (ME: 0.8 percentage points [pp] per year; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6 to 0.9 pp). The proportion of adolescents reporting any same-sex sexual contact increased by 70%, from 7.7% in 2009 to 13.1% in 2017 (ME: 0.6 pp per year; 95% CI: 0.4 to 0.8 pp). Although suicide attempts declined among students identifying as sexual minorities (ME: −0.8 pp per year; 95% CI: −1.4 to −0.2 pp), these students remained &gt;3 times more likely to attempt suicide relative to heterosexual students in 2017. Sexual minority adolescents accounted for an increasing proportion of all adolescent suicide attempts.

CONCLUSIONS:
The proportion of adolescents reporting sexual minority identity and same-sex sexual contacts increased between 2009 and 2017. Disparities in suicide attempts persist. Developing and implementing approaches to reducing sexual minority youth suicide is critically important.
Suicidal Ideation and Behavior Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Youth: 1995–2017
Authors: Liu Richard T. , Walsh Rachel F.L. , Sheehan Ana E. , Cheek Shayna M. , Carter Sarina M. 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES:
In this study, we determined trends in prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual youth from 1995 to 2017 using population-based surveillance data.

METHODS:
Data were drawn from the Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Survey from 1995 to 2017 (unweighted N = 41 636). The annual percent change (APC) in prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts was stratified by sexual orientation as indexed by sexual identity and sexual behavior.

RESULTS:
Among sexual minority youth, prevalence rates declined over the entire study period for suicidal ideation (APCsexual identity = −1.25; APCsexual behavior = −1.83), plans (APCsexual identity = −1.88; APCsexual behavior = −1.95), and attempts (APCsexual identity = −2.64; APCsexual behavior = −2.47). Among heterosexual youth, prevalence rates declined from 1995 to 2007 for suicidal ideation (APCsexual identity = −6.67; APCsexual behavior = −6.77) and plans (APCsexual identity = −5.73; APCsexual behavior = −6.25). These declines in ideation and plans were steeper than those for sexual minority youth. Prevalence of suicide attempts declined across the entire study period among heterosexual youth (APCsexual identity = −3.66; APCsexual behavior = −4.01). Prevalence of all 3 outcomes remained markedly high among sexual minority youth across the 23-year study period.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although suicidal thoughts and behavior have generally declined among sexual minority and heterosexual youth, disparities in these outcomes persist, and their prevalence among sexual minority youth has remained consistently elevated. Prioritized screening for risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in this vulnerable population is imperative to reduce disparities and prevalence of these outcomes.
Relaxor behavior and electrothermal properties of Sn- and Nb-modified (Ba,Ca)TiO3 Pb-free ferroelectric
Authors: Venkateshwarlu Sarangi , Nayak Sanjib , Marlton Frederick P. , Weyland Florian , Novak Nikola , Maurya Deepam , Veerabhadraiah Yashaswini , Borkiewicz Olaf , Beyer Kevin A. , Jørgensen Mads R.V. , Pramanick Abhijit 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Saltz Leonard B. , Kemeny Nancy E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Advances have been made in the adjuvant therapy of colorectal cancers. Fluorouracil-based chemotherapy has now been demonstrated to improve long-term disease-free survival rates in patients with resected stage III colon cancer. Combined radiation therapy plus fluorouracil-based chemotherapy has been shown to improve both local control and disease-free survival in patients with stage II and III rectal cancer. In this article we will review in detail the current recommendations for treatment of patients with resected colorectal cancers and the data on which these recommendations are based. We will also review some of the more promising investigational approaches which are being pursued in an attempt to further improve the cure rates in patients with local-regionally advanced colorectal cancers. Results from these investigations can be expected to further clarify the role of both currently available and new treatment strategies, and to improve the long-term outlook for patients with resectable colorectal cancers.
Drug Resistance
Authors: Giaccone Giuseppe , Pinedo Herbert M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Chemotherapy fails to cure most cancer patients with advanced disease, particularly patients with the most common forms of solid tumors. The presence or development of resistance to anticancer agents is the major cause of this failure. Several of the mechanisms underlying drug resistance to cytotoxic drugs have been elucidated in the last two decades, largely by employing in vitro drug-selected cancer cell lines. In unselected cell lines and probably also in human cancer, multiple mechanisms are redundantly present to defend the organism from the insults of drugs. Mechanisms have been unraveled by which cross-resistance ensues to multiple drugs (multidrug resistance), similar to what is commonly seen in patients. More recently, the identification of downstream genes, intimately involved in cell-cycle checkpoints, appears also to directly contribute to determining the sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs by regulating the response of the cell to the drug damage. The identification of mechanisms of drug resistance has provided ways of attempting to revert the drug resistance. Although, so far, attempts to revert P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance have only sorted out limited efficacy, new drugs and new strategies are being devised and implemented, such as high-dose chemotherapy and gene transfer.
To Lap or Not to Lap
Authors: Cho L. Chinsoo , Levinson Barry H. , Glatstein Eli 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Experience at various institutions has shown staging laparotomy to be an important procedure to define a subset of patients who may be treated with radiation therapy alone. Available clinical tests without staging laparotomy understage patients in approximately one-third of the time. Since the majority of pathologic stage III patients are probably best treated with combination chemotherapy, initial treatment with radiation therapy without staging laparotomy may be suboptimal. The patients with clinical stage I and II Hodgkin's disease who present for therapy should be treated with a regimen that maximizes the chances for cure the first time around. The group of patients which fails initial radiation therapy after clinical staging may experience toxicities of both full-dose radiation therapy and salvage chemotherapy without survival benefit. Staging laparotomy has acceptable morbidity, and it continues to provide crucial data for effective treatment planning.
Purine Analogs for the Treatment of Low-Grade Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Authors: Fidias Panos , Chabner Bruce A. , Grossbard Michael L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Primary purpose. Low-grade lymphoproliferative disorders follow an indolent clinical course but are incurable with current therapy. Recently, three active agents for the treatment of these diseases have been identified: the purine analogs fludarabine, pentostatin and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the mechanism of action, clinical activity and toxicities of the purine analogs.
Methods. Articles, abstracts and letters to the editor appearing in English literature and involving the use of the purine analogs in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cutaneous T cell lymphomas and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia were reviewed.
Results and conclusion. Purine analogs have marked cytoreductive potential in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and hairy cell leukemia. Major side effects include myelosuppression and infections. Profound lymphocytopenia can be sustained, predisposing patients to opportunistic infections. Although remissions achieved with these agents can be long-lasting, minimal residual disease frequently persists. Postremission strategies aimed at eradicating such microscopic diseases can potentially improve the results of purine analog therapy. Alternatively, the up-front combination of these agents with traditional chemotherapy may lead to higher response rates and more sustained remissions.
Interleukin 1 Trials in Cancer Patients: A Review of the Toxicity, Antitumor and Hematopoietic Effects
Authors: Veltri Salvatore , Smith John W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClinical trials of interleukin 1α (IL-1α) and IL-1β have been completed that assess the toxicities of these cytokines as well as their hematopoietic and antitumor effects. Both forms of IL-1 recognize the same cell surface receptors and have similar toxicities and similar biological activities. Toxicities including fever, flu-like symptoms and dose-limiting hypotension can be severe yet manageable, and IL-1 can be given safely to human cancer patients. Most toxicities and biological effects appear to be dose-related. IL-1 alone has little antitumor activity against melanoma, renal cell carcinomas or other malignancies. The hematopoietic effects, including megakaryocytopoietic effects, are modest and are probably not worth the toxicity necessary to achieve them. However, IL-1 seems to endow certain progenitor cells with responsiveness to other hematopoietic cytokines including colony-stimulating factors and IL-3. One potential application of IL-1 is to help expand bone marrow ex vivo following stem cell harvest, which could allow further chemotherapy dose escalations in chemotherapy-sensitive tumors.