bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posteromedial corner injuries result in the same posterior translation as posterolateral corner injuries in PCL ruptures
Authors: Bohe Olivia , Greve Frederik , Höger Svenja , Mehl Julian , Siebenlist Sebastian , Willinger Lukas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeRuptures of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are often accompanied by posterolateral corner (PLC) and posteromedial corner (PMC) injuries. This study investigates the incidence and impact of PMC and PLC injuries on posterior tibial translation (PTT). It was hypothesized that PMC injuries are more common and impactful than previously reported.MethodsIn this retrospective study, all patients with a PCL injury between January 2016 and December 2023 and received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 30 days of trauma were included. Patients with atraumatic PCL instability, missing MRI or additional anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture were excluded. Posttraumatic MRI was analyzed for peripheral injuries. Preoperative stress radiographs for PTT were measured, and the side‐to‐side difference was calculated. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05.ResultsNinety‐two patients were included, predominantly male (71.7%) with a mean age of 35.8 ± 15.6 years at injury. The mean time from injury to MRI was 7.3 ± 7.9 days. There were 16 patients (27.4%) with isolated PCL injuries. The prevalence of medial injuries (37.0% superficial medial collateral ligament [sMCL], 66.3% deep medial collateral ligament and 51.1% posterior oblique ligament [POL]) was comparable to lateral injuries (22.8% LCL, 55.4% PLC and 13.0% popliteus tendon). Injuries of the PMC (sMCL ± POL) occurred in 53 patients (57.6%) and of the PLC (POP ± PLC ± LCL) in 59 (64.1%) patients. PTT was significantly increased in the presence of a peripheral‐associated injury compared to isolated PCL injury (p < 0.01). With a combined injury of PMC + PLC the PTT was significantly larger than in the case of a unilateral injury (p < 0.05 compared to PLC; p < 0.05 compared to PMC).ConclusionPCL injuries are commonly associated with PMC and/or PLC injuries. A PTT of >10 mm is equally caused by PLC and PMC‐associated injuries. Knowledge about the severity and localization of peripheral‐associated injuries is therefore essential for therapeutic decision‐making.Level of EvidenceLevel III retrospective cohort study.
Indications and outcomes of pediatric high flow nasal cannula use in the home setting
Authors: D'Arienzo David , Sanvido Liam , Amin Reshma , Diskin Catherine , Cohen Eyal 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the patient characteristics, indications, and clinical outcomes of home high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) among pediatric patients. To evaluate secular trends in home HFNC initiation between 2013 and 2022.MethodsA retrospective review of all children on home HFNC between 2013 and 2023 was conducted at a tertiary care pediatric hospital in Ontario, Canada. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize results and identify indications for home HFNC initiation. Mann‐Kendall Trend test was used to assess trends in HHF initiation between 2013 and 2022.ResultsA total of 35 patients, ages 6 months–14 years old, were started on home HFNC between 2013 and 2023. HFNC initiation increased over time, from 0 patients in 2013–2016 to nine patients per year in 2021 and 2022 (p < .001). Home HFNC was almost exclusively prescribed for children with multisystem conditions, 77% with an underlying genetic disorder, and 77% with prior home feeding tube use. Most children (83%) had multiple indications leading to initiation of home HFNC. The main indications included the following: (i) upper airway obstruction (66%), (ii) clearance of retained CO2 (57%), (iii) increased work of breathing without sleep‐disordered breathing (29%), (iv) promotion of secretion clearance/plastic bronchitis (29%), and (v) palliative care (14%). In addition, 37% did not tolerate a previous trial of Continuous/Bi‐Level Positive Airway Pressure. Complications were rare, with only two children developing epistaxis requiring an emergency department visit and 4 children requiring escalation in home respiratory support to CPAP or BiPAP.ConclusionHFNC is increasingly being initiated among children in the home setting for varied indications. Preliminary data suggests few complications and a need for escalation of therapy with home HFNC.
Money Talks: How Remittances Contribute to Wealth Creation in Post‐conflict Communities
Authors: Sritharan Narayani , Jothishankar Kritika 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the impact of remittances on household wealth in post‐conflict Sri Lanka, a country that endured a prolonged conflict from 1983 to 2009. Utilizing data from the Secure Livelihood Consortium (SLRC) conducted in 2012/2013 and in 2015, we employ a difference‐in‐difference (DiD) approach to analyse the wealth trajectories of households that receive remittances compared to those that do not. Our findings indicate that although remittances are often targeted at poorer households, they have a positive impact on wealth accumulation over time. This suggests that remittances can play an important role in the economic recovery of post‐conflict communities. The results have three policy implications. First, leveraging remittances as a tool for economic recovery could enhance the effectiveness of development strategies in post‐conflict regions. Second, policymakers should consider initiatives that facilitate the formalization of remittance channels to maximize their positive impact on household wealth. Third, financial literacy programmes could help remittance‐receiving households make more productive use of these funds, further promoting sustainable development. By providing empirical evidence from a post‐conflict setting, this study contributes to the broader discourse on remittances and economic development, offering insights that are both academically relevant and practically valuable for policymakers and development practitioners.
Factors associated with accelerated parenteral weaning in children with intestinal failure: A descriptive cohort study
Authors: Moran‐Lev Hadar , Kocoshis Samuel A. , Córdova Amador Isabel , Mukasa Mariah , Oliveira Stephanie B. , Helmrath Michael , Cole Conrad R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of intestinal rehabilitation in children is to wean from parenteral nutrition (PN). The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with accelerated weaning and to evaluate long‐term outcomes of children receiving long‐term PN.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of children managed by the Intestinal Rehabilitation Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital. Medical history data were retrieved. The outcomes of children receiving long‐term chronic PN (>2 years) were compared with those of children receiving short‐term chronic PN regimen (<2 years).ResultsThe cohort consisted of 112 children (58% boys, median [IQR] age of 6.0 [3.7–9.5] years). The group treated with a long‐term PN regimen had significantly shorter residual small bowel and large bowel compared with the group treated with a short‐term PN regimen (20% vs 60% and 75% vs 100%, respectively; P < 0.05). The lapse of time between PN and enteral feed initiation was longer in the group undergoing long‐term PN regimen than in the short‐term group (71 vs 32.5 days; P = 0.012). More episodes of central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and a higher percentage of feeding aversion was demonstrated in the long‐term PN group (2 [1–3] vs 1 [0–2] episodes and 36% vs 0%, respectively).ConclusionSmall bowel, colon length, enteral feed initiation, and frequency of CLABSI are factors associated with duration of PN regimen. A long‐term chronic PN regimen is associated with a higher risk of food aversion.
Experimental and Theoretical Evidence of Weak Spin–Lattice Coupling in the Double Perovskite Sr2YRuO6
Authors: Liu Hsiang‐Lin , Poojitha Bommareddy , Lin Yi‐Lin , Chen Hsiao‐Wen , Du Chao‐Hung , Lu Ting‐Hua , Mukherjee Supratik , Garcia‐Castro A. C. , Vaitheeswaran Ganapathy 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSr2YRuO6 is a material that provides an ideal platform for studying magnetic frustration in three‐dimensional geometries. Herein, we combine Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to establish connections between the lattice dynamics and magnetic states in Sr2YRuO6 single crystals. The x‐ray diffraction profiles reveal that Sr2YRuO6 possesses an ordered double‐perovskite structure with distorted monoclinic symmetry. Three magnetic phase transitions are observed and linked to the presence of weak ferromagnetism at 135 K and short‐ and long‐range antiferromagnetic orderings at 32 and 26 K. The oxygen‐octahedron antistretching and stretching modes, observed at 570 and 766 cm−1, exhibit anomalies near the magnetic phase transition temperatures, indicating an intriguing interplay between the lattice and spin degrees of freedom. Their spin–phonon coupling constants of 0.7 cm−1 reflect the weak spin–lattice interactions in Sr2YRuO6.
The Median Nerve Displays Adaptive Characteristics When Exposed to Repeated Pinch Grip Efforts of Varying Rates of Force Development
Authors: Balogh Denise , Kociolek Aaron M. 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesRepeated gripping with high grip forces and high rates of grip force development are risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome. As the nerve's adaptive ability is crucial to prevent disease progression, we investigated how these risk factors influence median nerve deformation and displacement over the time course of a repeated pinch grip task.MethodsSeventeen healthy participants performed a repeated grip task against a load cell while their carpal tunnel was scanned with ultrasound. The grip task involved pulp‐pinching three consecutive times from 0 to 40% maximal voluntary exertion (MVE), performed at three different rates of force development (RFD): 40% MVE/1 second; 2 seconds; and 5 seconds. Ultrasound images were analyzed at 10% MVE intervals. Nerve circularity, width, height, and cross‐sectional area were measured to assess deformation. Median nerve displacement was assessed by its change in position relative to the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon of the third digit (FD) in both radioulnar and palmodorsal axes.ResultsLinear mixed modeling indicated that median nerve deformation increased, becoming more circular, with each repeated pulp‐pinch (P < .01) and with grip force magnitude (P < .01). However, a faster RFD decreased nerve deformation (P < .01). Furthermore, the nerve displaced ulnarly during pulp‐pinching, with greater displacement during the fastest (ie, 40% MVE/1 second) RFD (P < .01).ConclusionsThe median nerve deformed and displaced in response to pulp‐pinching; however, faster rates of force development hindered this adaptive response. This likely reflects the viscoelastic properties of the healthy nerve and subsynovial connective tissue, highlighting the importance of tissue compliance in preventing nerve compression.
Monolithically Integrated Ultra‐Low Threshold GeSn‐on‐Insulator Laser Using Rapid Melting Growth
Authors: Liu Zhi , Chen Melvina , Liu Xiangquan , Huang Qinxin , Zhu Yupeng , Zuo Yuhua , Ikonic Zoran , Cheng Buwen , Nam Donguk , Zheng Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA low‐threshold, monolithically integrated laser on Si is considered a crucial missing ingredient in realizing efficient fully functional photonic‐integrated circuits (PICs). Owing to its compatibility with complementary metal‐semiconductor‐oxide (CMOS) processes, direct bandgap GeSn alloy has recently been studied intensively in hopes of making GeSn lasers the mainstream technology for PICs. However, the inevitable formation of harmful defects in GeSn directly grown on Si has thus far required the use of non‐monolithic approaches such as wafer bonding to obtain high‐quality GeSn layers, preventing the realization of practical, low‐threshold GeSn lasers. Here, ultra‐low threshold lasing in a monolithically‐grown, nearly‐defect‐free GeSn single‐crystal layer is demonstrated. The rapid melting growth method used in this study allows the fabrication of a compact, integrated laser that simultaneously achieves an ideal GeSn gain medium with built‐in tensile strain and an excellent GeSn optical cavity on an insulating layer. The measured threshold is ≈0.52 kW cm−2 under the optical pumping scheme at 10 K, which is the lowest among all the reported GeSn lasers. This work provides a new solution for building a truly CMOS‐compatible, monolithic laser that can complete the device library of the mature Si photonics foundries.
Examining Gender Representation in US News and World Report Top 25 Urology Departments: Female Faculty Hold Lower Professorial Levels and Publication Rates Than Male Counterparts
Authors: Venigalla Greeshma , Sadiq Sabika , Gurayah Aaron A. , Soodana‐Prakash Nachiketh , Martin Laura , Amin Katherine A. , Syan Raveen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo examine female representation in US News and World Report (USNWR) top 25 US Urology departments and identify trends of female representation in institutional roles.MethodsUsing the 2022 USNWR, we collected data from each institution's websites along with a compared geographically local cohort to evaluate the presence of female residents, female attendings, and professorial levels. First or last author faculty publications numbers were found using PubMed and Scopus in fiscal year 2022.ResultsThe top 25 institutions averaged ~32.3% female residents and 18.7% female attendings, which was not significantly different from the comparison cohort. Of the total publications of fiscal year 2022, female attendings contributed ~14% (p < 0.001), also not significantly different from the comparison cohort. Only 20.4% of listed female attendings in top 25 programs are full Professors, compared to 41.1% of the listed men (p < 0.05). The most common level of female professorship is Assistant Professor (53.4%). Level of female professorship between cohort was significantly different, with female urologists more likely to hold a title of full Professor in the top 25 cohort compared to the nontop 25 cohort regardless of similar publication output (p < 0.05).ConclusionsFemale faculty in Urology continue to be underrepresented in the top Urology departments, with significant difference in equitable female professorship appointments between top 25 and nontop 25 departments. Future directions include examining the impact of early mentorship and sponsorship on representation over time.
Improved fracture toughness of glass fibers reinforced polypropylene composites through hybridization with polyolefin elastomers and polymeric fibers for automotive applications
Authors: AlSuhaibani Faisal A. , Falath Wail , Theravalappil Rajesh 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPolypropylene‐reinforced composites mostly exhibit a trade‐off between stiffness and toughness. In this study, the impact of incorporating polyolefin elastomer (POE) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) fibers as individual and hybrid reinforcement to glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composite in the presence of a compatibilizer was explored. The main focus was on achieving an optimal stiffness/toughness balance. Several ternary and quaternary hybrid composite systems were developed and analyzed. All components were melt‐blended using a twin‐screw extruder and then injection molded for subsequent mechanical and morphological analysis. A significant stiffness of approximately 2.4 GPa Young's modulus, and notched izod impact strength ranges between 250 and 400 J/m can be attained with the quaternary hybrid system, PP/GF/POE/PVA fibers. Its performance can be controlled by altering the POE/PVA fibers ratio to achieve the targeted stiffness/toughness balance. These values represent a remarkable increase, with Young's modulus being 120% higher and the izod impact strength surpassing that of the control sample by over 800%. The achieved results aligned with the requirements of the automotive industry, so the developed composites could have a high potential for automotive parts.Highlights
Ternary and quaternary hybrid systems were fabricated by a twin‐screw extruder.
An improvement of 120% in stiffness and 800% in toughness was observed.
Distinct micromechanical deformation mechanisms were identified.
Remarkable stiffness‐toughness balance was achieved.
Reduction in weight makes the system suitable for automotive applications.
Investigating the bonding performance of metal‐CFRP hybrid composites: A study on aircraft components
Authors: Akalın Yavuz , Dilsiz Nursel , Özgür Derya Öncel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe increasing reliance of the aerospace industry on lightweight yet robust materials, notably carbon fiber‐reinforced polymers (CFRPs), has emphasized the need for efficient joining methods for composite structures. This study investigates the influence of various bonding techniques on the strength of two distinct joint configurations: CFRP/CFRP and CFRP/301 steel interfaces. The CFRP/CFRP joints were configured as single lap joints, where two CFRP laminates and/or prepregs were overlapped and bonded using co‐curing, secondary bonding, or co‐bonding. The configuration ensured adhesion between the cured or uncured CFRP layers, depending on the bonding technique applied. For CFRP/301 steel, CFRP laminates and/or prepregs were similarly bonded to 301 steel substrates in an overlapping region. Both configurations were subjected to single lap shear tests following ASTM D3165 standards to assess the mechanical performance of each bonding method. The post‐test interface damage and fracture mechanisms were analyzed using optical microscopy, providing insights into the failure modes for each joint type. This study offers comprehensive experimental data on various joining techniques that can be useful during the initial design phase of aerospace systems, ultimately resulting in cost savings. The findings of this study, when analyzed from an industrial standpoint, indicate that co‐curing offers a promising solution due to its affordability and simplicity, making it especially advantageous for CFRP/301 steel overlap joining when combined with adhesive films.Highlights
Co‐curing, co‐bonding, and secondary bonding techniques were applied to CFRP/steel joints in real aircraft components.
The CFRP/CFRP joints obtained via co‐curing exhibited improved thermal stability and strength.
Peel ply surface preparation enhanced adhesion the strength of the CFRP/CFRP bonded samples.
Cohesion failure was observed in adhesive joints, with no failure at the bond lines.
The COVID‐19 pandemic‐induced behavioral restrictions and their impact on child and adolescent psychiatric units—Infection control or freedom
Authors: Usami Masahide , Sasaki Yoshinori , Ichikawa Mayuna , Matsudo Miki , Ohashi Mutsumi , Higashino Yui , Kono Yusuke , Matsudo Haruna , Nomura Yuki , Ma Minjae , Sakoh Yuuki , Odaka Maiko , Itagaki Kotoe , Yamamoto Keita , Takahashi Momoka , Yoshimura Yuta , Inoue Saori , Ishida Masahiro , Inazaki Kumi , Hakoshima Yuki , Mizumoto Yuki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimThis study examines the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic‐induced behavioral restrictions on child psychiatric inpatients in Japan, particularly focusing on limitations placed on outings and overnight stays as infection‐control measures.MethodsData were collected from inpatients from the children's mental health registry between January 2016 and December 2022. The clinical data, such as age, gender, diagnosis, result of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, frequency of outings and overnight stays before and after the pandemic, were compared.ResultsDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, the decrease in both outings and overnight stays among child psychiatric inpatients in Japan was statistically significant. As a result, home interactions with families decreased. In addition, diagnoses of hospitalized children increased significantly in cases of eating disorders and decreased in diagnoses of autism spectrum disorders.ConclusionThese results underscore the need for flexible, individualized approaches to infection control that consider the mental health of hospitalized children.
The hepcidin‐ferroportin axis influences mitochondrial function, proliferation, and migration in pulmonary artery endothelial and smooth muscle cells
Authors: Issitt Theo , Toe Quezia K. , Pedersen Sofia L. , Shackshaft Thomas , Ghazaly Maziah Mohd , West Laura , Arnold Nadine D. , Mahomed Abdul , Kagugube George W. , Ramakrishnan Latha , Lawrie Allan , Quinlan Gregory J. , Wort S. John 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElevated circulating hepcidin levels have been reported in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Hepcidin has been shown to promote proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in vitro, suggesting a potential role in PAH pathogenesis. However, the role of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) as either a source of hepcidin, or the effect of hepcidin on PAEC function is not as well described. The objective of this study was to define the role of the hepcidin‐ferroportin axis on the phenotype of PAEC and to study potential PAEC‐PASMC interactions relevant to the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodeling and PAH. PAECs treated with hepcidin, or interleukin‐6 were investigated for both ferroportin and hepcidin release and regulation using immunofluorescence, mRNA levels and cellular release assays. Effects of hepcidin on PASMC and PAEC mitochondrial function was investigated using immunofluorescence and seahorse assay. Migration and proliferation of PASMCs treated with conditioned media from hPAEC treated with hepcidin was investigated using the xCELLigence system and other tools. We demonstrate in this study that PAECs express ferroportin; hepcidin treatment of PAECs resulted in mitochondrial iron accumulation and intracellular hepcidin biosynthesis and release. Conditioned media from hepcidin treated PAECs caused PASMCs to down‐regulate ferroportin expression whilst promoting migration and proliferation. Inhibition of hepcidin in PAEC conditioned media limited these responses. PASMC cellular and mitochondrial iron retention are associated with migratory and proliferative responses. This study confirms that the hepcidin ferroportin axis is present and operational in PAECs. Modulation of this axis shows distinct differences in responses seen between PAECS and PASMCs. Stimulation of this axis in PAECs with hepcidin may well institute proliferative and migratory responses in PASMCs of relevance to pathogenesis of PAH offering potential novel therapeutic targets.