bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computerized Cognitive Training in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Allen Taryn M. , Anderson Lindsay M. , Brotkin Samuel M. , Rothman Jennifer A. , Bonner Melanie J. 
Published: December 2019

Objective: The current study assessed the feasibility of a computerized cognitive intervention, Cogmed, in a sample of youth with SCD (ages 8–16 years). If deemed feasible, the secondary aim of the study was to evaluate preliminary efficacy. Methods: Youth with SCD were randomized to a waitlist control or the Cogmed program. Data pertaining to cognitive functioning, psychosocial functioning, and disease characteristics were obtained from participants pre- and postintervention. In addition, data regarding participant interest, consent rate, and intervention compliance were tracked. Results: Eighteen participants ( M = 12.2 years old) enrolled in this study. Results indicate that the majority of prospective families approached about the intervention (82%) expressed interest in participating in the study, although less than 25% of interested participants enrolled. Three of 18 consenting participants completed the intervention. Cognitive, medical, and psychosocial factors related to feasibility and compliance were identified. Conclusions: Taken together, the results of this study suggest that there is a high degree of interest for this type of intervention but poor feasibility in practice. Implications and future directions are discussed. Implications for Impact Statement Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) have a high risk of neurocognitive impairment, for which there are no interventions supported by research. While the computerized, game-like treatment “Cogmed” has been successfully used with other groups, the current study demonstrated very limited tolerability in youth with SCD. Thus, additional efforts are needed to innovate new cognitive therapies for this unique and in need population of children.
PLAGL2 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition and mediates colorectal cancer metastasis via β-catenin-dependent regulation of ZEB1
Authors: Wu Liang , Zhou Zili , Han Shengbo , Chen Jinhuang , Liu Zhengyi , Zhang Xudan , Yuan Wenzheng , Ji Jintong , Shu Xiaogang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe previously demonstrated that the pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) is involved in the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease. Enhanced PLAGL2 expression was observed in several malignant tumours. However, the exact function of PLAGL2 and its underlying mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unknown.MethodsImmunohistochemical analysis of PLAGL2 was performed. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to reveal the role of PLAGL2 in the progression of CRC.ResultsEnhanced PLAGL2 expression was significantly associated with EMT-related proteins in CRC. The data revealed that PLAGL2 promotes CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PLAGL2 promoted the expression of ZEB1. PLAGL2 enhanced the expression and nuclear translocation of β-catenin by decreasing its phosphorylation. The depletion of β-catenin neutralised the regulation of ZEB1 that was caused by enhanced PLAGL2 expression. The small-molecule inhibitor PNU-74654, also impaired the enhancement of ZEB1 that resulted from the modified PLAGL2 expression. The depletion of ZEB1 could block the biological function of PLAGL2 in CRC cells.ConclusionsCollectively, our findings suggest that PLAGL2 mediates EMT to promote colorectal cancer metastasis via β-catenin-dependent regulation of ZEB1.
A truncating mutation in the autophagy gene UVRAG drives inflammation and tumorigenesis in mice
Authors: Quach Christine , Song Ying , Guo Hongrui , Li Shun , Maazi Hadi , Fung Marshall , Sands Nathaniel , O’Connell Douglas , Restrepo-Vassalli Sara , Chai Billy , Nemecio Dali , Punj Vasu , Akbari Omid , Idos Gregory E. , Mumenthaler Shannon M. , Wu Nancy , Martin Sue Ellen , Hagiya Ashley , Hicks James , Cui Hengmin , Liang Chengyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAberrant autophagy is a major risk factor for inflammatory diseases and cancer. However, the genetic basis and underlying mechanisms are less established. UVRAG is a tumor suppressor candidate involved in autophagy, which is truncated in cancers by a frameshift (FS) mutation and expressed as a shortened UVRAGFS. To investigate the role of UVRAGFS in vivo, we generated mutant mice that inducibly express UVRAGFS (iUVRAGFS). These mice are normal in basal autophagy but deficient in starvation- and LPS-induced autophagy by disruption of the UVRAG-autophagy complex. iUVRAGFS mice display increased inflammatory response in sepsis, intestinal colitis, and colitis-associated cancer development through NLRP3-inflammasome hyperactivation. Moreover, iUVRAGFS mice show enhanced spontaneous tumorigenesis related to age-related autophagy suppression, resultant β-catenin stabilization, and centrosome amplification. Thus, UVRAG is a crucial autophagy regulator in vivo, and autophagy promotion may help prevent/treat inflammatory disease and cancer in susceptible individuals.
Kinetics and detectability of the bridgmanite to post-perovskite transformation in the Earth's D″ layer
Authors: Langrand Christopher , Andrault Denis , Durand Stéphanie , Konôpková Zuzana , Hilairet Nadège , Thomas Christine , Merkel Sébastien 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBridgmanite, the dominant mineral in the Earth’s lower mantle, crystallizes in the perovskite structure and transforms into post-perovskite at conditions relevant for the D$${}^{{\prime\prime} }$$″ layer. This transformation affects the dynamics of the Earth’s lowermost mantle and can explain a range of seismic observations. The thickness over which the two phases coexist, however, can extend over 100 km, casting doubt on the assignment of the observed seismic boundaries. Here, experiments show that the bridgmanite to post-perovskite transition in (Mg$${}_{0.86}$$0.86,Fe$${}_{0.14}$$0.14)SiO$${}_{3}$$3 is fast on geological timescales. The transformation kinetics, however, affects reflection coefficients of $$P$$P and $$S$$S waves by more than one order of magnitude. Thick layers of coexisting bridgmanite and post-perovskite can hence be detected using seismic reflections. Morever, the detection and wave period dependence of D$${}^{{\prime\prime} }$$″ reflections can be used to constrain significant features of the Earth’s lowermost mantle, such as the thickness of the coexistence layer, and obtain information on temperature and grain sizes.
Observation of strong nonlinear interactions in parametric down-conversion of X-rays into ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Sofer S. , Sefi O. , Strizhevsky E. , Aknin H. , Collins S. P. , Nisbet G. , Detlefs B. , Sahle Ch. J. , Shwartz S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNonlinear interactions between X-rays and long wavelength radiation can be used as a powerful atomic-scale probe for light-matter interactions and for properties of valence electrons. However, reported X-ray nonlinear effects were small and their observations required tremendous efforts. Here we report the observation of strong nonlinearities in parametric down-conversion (PDC) of X-rays to long wavelength radiation in gallium arsenide and lithium niobate crystals, with efficiencies about 4 orders of magnitude stronger than the efficiencies measured in any material studied before. Furthermore, we show that the efficiency in the ferroelectric phase of strontium barium niobite is two orders of magnitude stronger than in its paraelectric phase. This observation suggests that the lack of inversion symmetry is the origin for the strong observed nonlinearity. Additionally, we demonstrate the ability to use the effect for the investigation of the spectral response of non-centrosymmetric materials at wavelengths ranging from infrared to soft X-rays.
Charge transport in a polar metal
Authors: Wang Jialu , Yang Liangwei , Rischau Carl Willem , Xu Zhuokai , Ren Zhi , Lorenz Thomas , Hemberger Joachim , Lin Xiao , Behnia Kamran 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe fate of electric dipoles inside a Fermi sea is an old issue, yet poorly explored. Sr$${}_{1-x}$$1−xCa$${}_{x}$$xTiO$${}_{3}$$3 hosts a robust but dilute ferroelectricity in a narrow ($$0.0018\ <\ x\ <\ 0.02$$0.0018<x<0.02) window of substitution. This insulator becomes metallic by removal of a tiny fraction of its oxygen atoms. Here, we present a detailed study of low-temperature charge transport in Sr$${}_{1-x}$$1−xCa$${}_{x}$$xTiO$${}_{3-\delta }$$3−δ, documenting the evolution of resistivity with increasing carrier concentration ($$n$$n). Below a threshold carrier concentration, $${n}^{* }(x)$$n*(x), the polar structural-phase transition has a clear signature in resistivity and Ca substitution significantly reduces the 2 K mobility at a given carrier density. For three different Ca concentrations, we find that the phase transition fades away when one mobile electron is introduced for about $$7.9\pm 0.6$$7.9±0.6 dipoles. This threshold corresponds to the expected peak in anti-ferroelectric coupling mediated by a diplolar counterpart of Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) interaction. Our results imply that the transition is driven by dipole–dipole interaction, even in presence of a dilute Fermi sea. Charge transport for $$n\ <\ {n}^{* }(x)$$n<n*(x) shows a non-monotonic temperature dependence, most probably caused by scattering off the transverse optical phonon mode. A quantitative explanation of charge transport in this polar metal remains a challenge to theory. For $$n\ge {n}^{* }(x)$$n≥n*(x), resistivity follows a T-square behavior together with slight upturns (in both Ca-free and Ca-substituted samples). The latter are reminiscent of Kondo effect and most probably due to oxygen vacancies.
MIMIC-CXR, a de-identified publicly available database of chest radiographs with free-text reports
Authors: Johnson Alistair E. W. , Pollard Tom J. , Berkowitz Seth J. , Greenbaum Nathaniel R. , Lungren Matthew P. , Deng Chih-ying , Mark Roger G. , Horng Steven 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChest radiography is an extremely powerful imaging modality, allowing for a detailed inspection of a patient’s chest, but requires specialized training for proper interpretation. With the advent of high performance general purpose computer vision algorithms, the accurate automated analysis of chest radiographs is becoming increasingly of interest to researchers. Here we describe MIMIC-CXR, a large dataset of 227,835 imaging studies for 65,379 patients presenting to the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Emergency Department between 2011–2016. Each imaging study can contain one or more images, usually a frontal view and a lateral view. A total of 377,110 images are available in the dataset. Studies are made available with a semi-structured free-text radiology report that describes the radiological findings of the images, written by a practicing radiologist contemporaneously during routine clinical care. All images and reports have been de-identified to protect patient privacy. The dataset is made freely available to facilitate and encourage a wide range of research in computer vision, natural language processing, and clinical data mining.
Changes in meta-transcriptome of rumen epimural microbial community and liver transcriptome in young calves with feed induced acidosis
Authors: Li Wenli , Gelsinger Sonia , Edwards Andrea , Riehle Christina , Koch Daniel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe common management practices of dairy calves leads to increased starch concentration in feed, which subsequently may cause rumen acidosis while on milk and during weaning. Until recently, few attempts were undertaken to understand the health risks of prolonged ruminal acidosis in post weaning calves. Resultantly, the molecular changes in the digestive tracts in post-weaning calves with ruminal acidosis remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the liver transcriptome changes along with its correlation with the rumen microbial rRNA expression changes in young calves using our model of feed induced ruminal acidosis. In this model, new born calves were fed a highly processed, starch-rich diet starting from one week of age through 16 weeks. A total of eight calves were involved in this study. Four of them were fed the acidosis-inducing diet (Treated) and the rest of the four were fed a standard starter diet (Control). Liver and rumen epithelial tissues were collected at necropsy at 17 weeks of age. Transcriptome analyses were carried out in the liver tissues and rRNA meta-transcriptome analysis were done using the rumen epithelial tissues. The correlation analysis was performed by comparing the liver mRNA expression with the rumen epithelial rRNA abundance at genus level. Calves with induced ruminal acidosis had significantly lower ruminal pH in comparison to the control group, in addition to significantly less weight-gain over the course of the experiment. In liver tissues, a total of 428 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (fold-change, FC ≥ 1.5; adjustedP ≤ 0.1) were identified in treated group in comparison to control. Biological pathways enriched by these DEGs included cellular component organization, indicating the impact of ruminal acidosis on liver development in young calves. Specifically, the up-regulated genes were enriched in acute phase response(P < 0.01), pyruvate metabolic process (P < 0.01) and proton-acceptors (P ≪ 0.001), indicating the liver’s response to feed induced acidosis at the transcriptome level. Twelve transferase activity related genes had significant correlation with rumen microbial rRNA expression changes. Among these genes, two up-regulated genes were reported with involvement in lipid metabolism in the liver, implying the direct effect of feed-induced acidosis on both the rumen microbial community and liver metabolism. Our study provides insight into the physiological remodeling in the liver resultant from the prolonged acidosis in post weaning calves, which may facilitate future RNA-seq based diagnosis and precision management of rumen acidosis in dairy calves.
Novel Bacteria-Immobilized Cellulose Acetate/Poly(ethylene oxide) Nanofibrous Membrane for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Zamel Doaa , Hassanin Ahmed H. , Ellethy Rania , Singer Gamal , Abdelmoneim Ahmed 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, electrospun cellulose acetate - poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibrous membrane was found to be unique in immobilizing bacterial cells. Here, removal of methylene blue in aqueous media was achieved by using isolated species of bacteria (Bacillus paramycoides) from industrial wastewater and immobilized on cellulose acetate- poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibers using DMSO as a solvent. The decolorization time was varied from 0 to 72 h, different dye concentrations from 20 to 200 mg/L and bacterial cells count was investigated to achieve the maximum MB removal by bacteria-immobilized CA/PEO nanofibrous membrane. The effective dye decolorization was achieved within 48 h and MB removal % was around 93%. Furthermore, reusability of the bacteria-immobilized CA/PEO nanofibrous membrane was tested. It was found that after the 4th usage, 44% of the dye decolorization capacity still could be achieved. These results are promising and suggest that bacteria-immobilized CA/PEO nanofibrous membrane could be economically feasible and eco-friendly when used in MB removal from industrial wastewater. Combination of both adsorption and biodegradation methods was found to be effective in MB removal from aqueous media.
Slip length and structure of liquid water flowing past atomistic smooth charged walls
Authors: Geng Xinran , Yu Miao , Zhang Wei , Liu Qiwei , Yu Xiaopeng , Lu Yang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this work, the slip behavior and structure of liquid water flowing between two charged solid planar walls were investigated using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The upper and lower walls are positive and negative charged, respectively. It was shown that the slip length increases at smaller water-solid interaction energy and become smaller with increasing the surface charge density. At the largest surface charge density, the slip length nearly independent of the water-solid interaction energy. The relationship between the slip length and surface charge density and water-solid interaction energy was rationalized by considering the static structure factor of liquid water. Interestingly, the positive charged surface induces less ordering structure and larger slip at the small surface charge density than that by the negative charged surface. While, at large surface charge density, the opposite correlation is observed. Furthermore, we find that the relationship between the slip length and the normalized main peak of static structure factor collapses onto a single curve for different water-solid interaction energies and surface charge densities. The results of the present work open perspectives for modeling complex systems with combined effects of surface charge and wettability.
Preventing inpatient falls with injuries using integrative machine learning prediction: a cohort study
Authors: Wang Lin , Xue Zhong , Ezeana Chika F. , Puppala Mamta , Chen Shenyi , Danforth Rebecca L. , Yu Xiaohui , He Tiancheng , Vassallo Mark L. , Wong Stephen T. C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPatient falls during hospitalization can lead to severe injuries and remain one of the most vexing patient-safety problems facing hospitals. They lead to increased medical care costs, lengthened hospital stays, more litigation, and even death. Existing methods and technology to address this problem mostly focus on stratifying inpatients at risk, without predicting fall severity or injuries. Here, a retrospective cohort study was designed and performed to predict the severity of inpatient falls, based on a machine learning classifier integrating multi-view ensemble learning and model-based missing data imputation method. As input, over two thousand inpatient fall patients’ demographic characteristics, diagnoses, procedural data, and bone density measurements were retrieved from the HMH clinical data warehouse from two separate time periods. The predictive classifier developed based on multi-view ensemble learning with missing values (MELMV) outperformed other three baseline models; achieved a cross-validated AUC of 0.713 (95% CI, 0.701–0.725), an AUC of 0.808 (95% CI, 0.740–0.876) on the separate testing set. Our studies show the efficacy of integrative machine-learning based classifier model in dealing with multi-source patient data, which in this case delivers robust predictive performance on the severity of patient falls. The severe fall index provided by the MELMV classifier is calculated to identify inpatients who are at risk of having severe injuries if they fall, thus triggering additional steps of intervention to prevent a harmful fall, beyond the standard-of-care procedure for all high-risk fall patients.
Polarizability and isotope effects on dispersion interactions in water
Authors: Zhan Yi-Yang , Jiang Qi-Chun , Ishii Kentaro , Koide Takuya , Kobayashi Osamu , Kojima Tatsuo , Takahashi Satoshi , Tachikawa Masanori , Uchiyama Susumu , Hiraoka Shuichi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTrue understanding of dispersion interaction in solution remains elusive because of difficulty in the precise evaluation of its interaction energy. Here, the effect of substituents with different polarizability on dispersion interactions in water is discussed based on the thermodynamic parameters determined by isothermal titration calorimetry for the formation of discrete aggregates from gear-shaped amphiphiles (GSAs). The substituents with higher polarizability enthalpically more stabilize the nanocube, which is due to stronger dispersion interactions and to the hydrophobic effect. The differences in the thermodynamic parameters for the nanocubes from the GSAs with CH3 and CD3 groups are also discussed to lead to the conclusion that the H/D isotope effect on dispersion interactions is negligibly small, which is due to almost perfect entropy-enthalpy compensation between the two isotopomers.
Controlled deprotection and release of a small molecule from a compartmented synthetic tissue module
Authors: Booth Michael J. , Cazimoglu Idil , Bayley Hagan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSynthetic tissues built from communicating aqueous droplets offer potential applications in biotechnology, however, controlled release of their contents has not been achieved. Here we construct two-droplet synthetic tissue modules that function in an aqueous environment. One droplet contains a cell-free protein synthesis system and a prodrug-activating enzyme and the other a small-molecule prodrug analog. When a Zn2+-sensitive protein pore is made in the first droplet, it allows the prodrug to migrate from the second droplet and become activated by the enzyme. With Zn2+ in the external medium, the activated molecule is retained in the module until it is released on-demand by a divalent cation chelator. The module is constructed in such a manner that one or more, potentially with different properties, might be incorporated into extended synthetic tissues, including patterned materials generated by 3D-printing. Such modules will thereby increase the sophistication of synthetic tissues for applications including controlled multidrug delivery.
Dynamically visualizing battery reactions by operando Kelvin probe force microscopy
Authors: Masuda Hideki , Matsushita Kyosuke , Ito Daigo , Fujita Daisuke , Ishida Nobuyuki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEnergy storage devices using electrochemical reactions have become an integral part of our daily lives, and further improvement of their performance is highly demanded. An important task for this purpose is to thoroughly understand the electrochemical processes governing their chemistry. Here we develop a method based on Kelvin probe force microscopy that enables dynamic visualization of changes in the internal potential distribution in an operating electrochemical device and use it to characterize an all-solid-state lithium ion battery. Observation of the cathode composite regions during a cyclic voltammetry operation reveals differences between the behavior of local electrochemical reactions in the charge and discharge processes. Based on careful inspection of the results, we show that the difference arises from a change in the state of an electronic conductive path network in the composite electrode. Our method provides new insights into the local electrochemical reactions during electrochemical operation of devices.
Metasurface zone plate for light manipulation in vectorial regime
Authors: Yoon Gwanho , Jang Jaehyuck , Mun Jungho , Nam Ki Tae , Rho Junsuk 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFresnel zone plates consisting of multiple concentric rings have been realized by tailoring amplitude, phase and polarization of light, but conventional Fresnel zone plates require totally different materials to control each property reducing light controllability. Here, a metasurface zone plate in which rings are composed of subwavelength antenna arrays is proposed to individually control amplitude, phase and polarization by the consistent material platform of metasurfaces. Hence, versatile degrees of freedom can be achieved to focus electromagnetic waves. We verify that dielectric metasurfaces can generate arbitrary poloarization states to cover the whole Poincaré sphere in the visible regime, allowing light manipulation in the vectorial regime, which is not feasible by a conventional single liquid crystal film. Experimental demonstration of a polarization-modulated metasurface zone plate confirms the functional capability of dielectric metasurfaces exhibiting higher focusing efficiency than amplitude-modulated zone plates.