bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Existential Maturity of Savitri in the Dark Room by R. K. Narayan
Authors: Adhikary Ramesh Prasad 
Published: August 2020

This article is mainly focused on the protagonist Savitri of the novel: The Dark Room by R.K. Narayan and how she is alienated from herself, from society and from the world and about her quest for marital identity. Savitri also goes through the crisis of discontent to the quest for happiness. Savitri of the ancient legend is a paragon of virtue and courage who confronts even Death to save her husband is finally victorious. Ironically, unlike the legendary Savitri, Narayan’s Savitri chooses to leave home, husband and children once she comes to know of her husband’s infidelity. Contrary to the legend, Savitri is just an ordinary, amiable, housewife. She abandons her gambler and drunkard husband and her family. But her independence proves detrimental to Savitri’s familial peace. Narayan skillfully portrays her every action and in his ironic subtle fashion puts across the artificiality behind it.
Keywords: Existence, anxiety, alienation, existential struggle, choice of freedom, frustration
Factors Affecting Hospital Length of Stay in Patient with Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Authors: Darwis Patrianef , Simanjuntak Bakti H , Wangge Grace , Pratama Deddy , Bakri Ahmad , Telaumbanua Rizky 
Published: August 2020

Background. Foot ulcer is one of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus patients. This condition prolongs hospital length of stay (LOS) and increases hospitalization cost. This study aims to assess factors that affect the LOS in patients with the mentioned condition.
Methods. This is a retrospective cohort study of diabetes mellitus patients with foot ulcer who were hospitalized in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from January 2015 to April 2016. There were 120 patients recruited and then divided into two groups according to their hospitalization duration, which was short and long. Univariate analysis was conducted in predicted factors including gender, ankle-brachial index, ulcer size, ulcer depth, leukocyte count, treatment, cardiovascular comorbidity, blood pressure, smoking history, septicemia, ketoacidosis, hypoalbuminemia, and upper respiratory tract infection. Chi-Square tests were performed to analyze the association of those factors with LOS. The odds ratio of each variable was evaluated using logistic regression analysis.
Result. In this study, the mean of LOS was 26 days (2 – 87 days). Factors that significantly correlated with LOS were ankle-brachial index (p 0.041, OR 2.275, CI 95 % 1.025 – 5.041), ulcer size (p 0.044, OR 3.038, CI 95 % 1.032 – 9.942), smoking history (p 0.022, OR 2.434, CI 95 % 1.125 – 5.265), sepsis (p < 0.001, OR 4.240, CI 95 % 1.908 – 9.423), and ketoacidosis (p < 0.001, OR 8.611, CI 95 % 3.396 – 21.835) In multivariate analysis, the most significant factor was ketoacidosis (p < 0.001, OR 8.360, CI 95 % 3.209 – 21.780).
Conclusion. Ketoacidosis is the most significant factor that prolonged hospital stays in a patient with diabetic foot ulcer.
Keywords: Diabetic foot ulcer, Length of stay
Pengaruh Vitamin E terhadap Kadar Malondialdehide Jaringan Testis Tikus (Rattus novergicus) Strain Wistar dengan Diabetes Mellitus Tipe I
Authors: Y Bangun I , Ismy Jufriady , Dasrul Dasrul 
Published: August 2020

Latar belakang. Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan kelainan endokrin yang menyebabkan kerusakan sistemik dan memicu stres oksidatif di tingkat seluler. Malondialdehide (MDA) adalah produk stres oksidatif berupa lipid peroksidase yang berhubungan dengan kondisi anomali dan asthenozoospermia. Upaya menekan stres oksidatif adalah dengan vitamin E yang telah lama menjadi antioksidan melawan stres oksidatif.
Tujuan Penelitian. Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian vitamin E terhadap kadar malondialdehide (MDA) serta pengaruh pemberian vitamin E dengan berbagai dosis terhadap kadar MDA.
Metode penelitian. Penelitian eksperimental menggunakan 30 ekor tikus putih strain Wistar jantan yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok tikus tidak DM (KN), kelompok tikus DM (KP), kelompok tikus DM yang mendapat terapi vitamin E dosis 50 iu/kgbb/hr (KP1), dosis 100 iu/kgbb/hr (KP2) dan dosis 150 iu/kgbb/hr (KP3). Pasca perlakuan dilakukan pengambilan organ testis pada semua kelompok dan dianalisis kadar MDA jaringan testis dengan metode Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Subtances (TBARS). Analisis data kadar MDA jaringan testis menggunakan one way ANOVA ?=0,05 dengan uji lanjutan LSD.
Hasil penelitian. Pemberian vitamin E dapat menurunkan secara bermakna (P<0,05) kadar MDA jaringan testis tikus putih DM. Pemberian vitamin E dosis 150 iu/kgbb/hr tidak berbeda secara nyata (P>0,05) dibandingkan dengan dosis 100 iu/kgbb/hr, namun keduanya berbeda secara nyata (P<0,05) dibandingkan dosis 50 iu/kgbb/hr.
Kesimpulan. Pemberian vitamin E dapat menurunkan kadar MDA testis tikus dengan kondisi diabetes mellitus tipe 1. Pemberian vitamin E dosis 150 iu/kgbb/hr lebih baik dibandingkan dengan dosis 100 iu/kgbb/hr dan 50 iu/kgbb/hari.
Kata kunci: vitamin E, diabetes mellitus, malondialdehide
Pengaruh Pemberian Vitamin E terhadap Morfologi Testis Tikus Strain Wistar (Rattus novergicus) dengan Diabetes Melitus Tipe I
Authors: Ronasky T , Ismy Jufriady , Dasrul Dasrul 
Published: August 2020

Latar Belakang. Diabetes melitus (DM) adalah penyakit metabolik dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia yang terjadi karena kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin, atau kedua-duanya. Penyakit ini dilaporkan terjadi pada 9% laki-laki dan 7,9% wanita. Laporan Center of disease control (CDC) menyebutkan tahun 2014 terdapat 8,1 juta orang tidak terdiagnosa DM dan 29,1 juta mengalami penyakit ini di Amerika Serikat. Pada penderita diabetes dapat terjadi kerusakan jangka panjang, disfungsi, dan kegagalan organ yang berbeda, terutama mata (diabetes retinopathy), ginjal (nefropati diabetik), saraf (neuropati diabetes), jantung (infark miokard) dan pembuluh darah (aterosklerosis) dan infertilitas. Laporan insiden infertilitas terkait DM terjadi pada 9% orang dewasa berusia >18 tahun mengalami akibat difungsi endokrin spermatogenesis. Vitamin E berperan sebagai antioksidan eksogen (non-enzimatis) yang dapat melindungi kerusakan membran biologis akibat radikal bebas. Vitamin E melindungi asam lemak tidak jenuh pada membran fosfolipid. Secara partikular, vitamin E juga penting dalam mencegah peroksidasi membran asam lemak tak jenuh.
Metode. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan post-test only control group design secara laboratorium eksperimental. Rancangan penelitian ini dipilih berdasarkan konsep bahwa setiap unit dari populasi adalah homogen dan memiliki karakteristik yang sama. Pembagian sampel dilakukan secaraacak (random assignment). Pada kelompok eksperimen perlakuanlangsung diberikan stimulus dan pengamatan akhir sementara pada kelompok kontrol digunakan sebagai pembanding dari kelompok perlakuan.
Hasil. Rata-rata diamater tubulus seminiferus testes tikus pada masing-masing kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan angka yang bervariasi. Rata-rata diamater tubulus seminiferus testes tikus pada perlakuan kontrol negatif (KN) adalah 261,57± 5,72 ?m, kemudian mengalami penurunan menjadi 241,18 ± 18,53 ?m, pada perlakuan tikus DM yang diinduksi aloksan (KP), dan mengalami peningkatan kembali pada perlakuan tikus DM yang dinduksi aloksan dan vitamin E dengan dosis 100 mg/kgbb/hari (P1), dan 200 mg/kgbb/hari (P2), secara berturut-turut adalah 265,92 ± 15,97 ?m dan 271,41 ± 24,79 ?m.
Kesimpulan. Berdasarkan uji statistik Analysis of variance (ANOVA) one way didapatkan nilai signifikannya p 0,039 <0,05, maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa perlakuan pemberian vitamin E (P1 dan P2) berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap diameter tubulus seminiferus testis tikus putih diabetes.
Kata Kunci : Vitamin E, Histomorfometri Testis Tikus Putih (strain wistar), Dm Tipe 1.
FISIOPATOLOGÍA DE LA ENFERMEDAD RENAL DIABÉTICA
Authors: Vázquez Fabiana 
Published: August 2020

La enfermedad renal por diabetes es una complicación mi- crovascular en la cual se producen, a nivel renal, cambios hemodinámicos, metabólicos, estrés oxidativo y aumento de la inflamación. Esto determina un aumento de la matriz ex- tracelular mesangial, engrosamiento de la membrana basal, pérdida de pies podocitarios y disrupción de células tubulares con fibrosis y proteinuria. El aumento de la expresión de los receptores SGLT-1 y SGLT-2, con la consecuente y marcada reducción de la oferta de Na+ a la mácula densa, se interpreta erróneamente como una reducción del volumen plas- mático por el aparato yuxtaglomerular a través del “feedback túbulo-glomerular”, lo que genera vasodilatación de la arteriola aferente y consecuente aumento de la presión intraglomeru- lar. Esto modifica el concepto clásico glomerular y se inter- preta que podría haber una lesión inicial a nivel tubular.
MANEJO DEL CONTROL GLUCÉMICO: OBJETIVOS DE TRATAMIENTO Y MÉTODOS. HEMOGLOBINA GLICOSILADA A1C (HBA1C). FRUCTOSAMINA. AUTOMONITOREO GLUCÉMICO. GLUCOSURIA. CETONURIA
Authors: Lueje Natalia 
Published: August 2020

En la medición estándar del control y el seguimiento en pacientes con diabetes, la hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1C) presenta dificultades en la insuficiencia renal, en la cual puede no ser buen indicador del control glucémico. La fructosamina no es válida cuando la albumina es menor a 3 mg/dl, mientras que la glucosuria y la cetonuria no son herramientas de medición efectiva en enfermedad renal. El automonitoreo glucémico (AMG) individualizado es un método útil en todos los estadios renales y el de mayor valor en el control y seguimiento en insuficiencia renal avanzada y tratamientos renales sustitutivos.
RELIGIÃO, VIOLÊNCIA E POLÍTICA NO BRASIL
Authors: Barsalini Glauco 
Published: August 2020

A
Apesar dos avanços que se pode perceber na Nova República brasileira, no que concerne aos direitos humanos, em que se incluem os direitos das minorias, bem como os direitos difusos, observa-se, no contexto da própria democracia, a escalada dos discursos e das propostas políticas de cunho ultraconservador, notoriamente também lastreadas em movimentos religiosos de caráter moralista. Seria este um fenômeno atípico, anacrônico e desconectado das estruturas de poder do Brasil? Ou ele é apenas uma das faces, talvez a mais reveladora, da forma como se constitui a política e a economia neste país, e que ganha, nos últimos tempos, enorme visibilidade, galgando o podium da política institucional nacional ao ter, como seu porta-voz, o próprio presidente da República? O caráter quase nada dialógico dessa forma de fazer política, arvorada na intolerância e no sectarismo, indica uma anomalia na tradição política brasileira ou demonstra, sem qualquer prurido, o caráter autoritário e violento de nosso Estado e de nossas elites políticas, sociais e econômicas? No vértice da teologia política, este artigo pretende investigar as relações entre a religião, a violência e a política no Brasil, entendendo que estamos, ainda, muito distantes de um estado, de fato, democrático.
O DOGMA TRINITÁRIO E A TEOLOGIA POLÍTICA
Authors: Pfister Mariana 
Published: August 2020

Em O Reino e a Glória, o pensador italiano Giorgio Agamben procura demonstrar que o poder, forjado pela teologia cristã, apresenta-se por dois grandes paradigmas: teológico político e teológico econômico. A teologia política aponta não só para a origem estrutural que alicerça o Estado Moderno firmado sob conceitos teológicos, como também enfatiza a primazia do paradigma teológico econômico sobre o teológico político. É a partir dessa dupla estrutura advinda da teologia cristã que se consolida a máquina governamental na qual todo poder tipicamente soberano articula-se segundo essas duas polaridades, Reino e Governo, o poder de julgar e o exercício do julgamento, trindade imanente e trindade econômica. Ao buscar incansavelmente renovar essa clássica separação entre as “duas trindades”, Deus e sua práxis, Jürgen Moltmann parece observar, tal como Agamben, problemas na constituição da dogmática trinitária. Nosso objetivo é apresentar alguns pontos desse diálogo acerca da doutrina trinitária, cujo pano de fundo revela a crítica dos dois pensadores ao atual modo de governo, o teológico político.
Valoración de la proporcionalidad de los pliegues cutáneos entre futbolistas profesionales titulares y reservas peruanos
Authors: Cossio-Bolaños M.A. , Hespanhol J.E. , Portella D. , Muniz da Silva Y. , Pablos Abella C. , Masi Alves V. , Vargas Vitoria R. , Arruda M. 
Published: August 2020

El objetivo del estudio fue proporcionar información descriptiva sobre las diferencias de proporcionalidad de la masa corporal y pliegues cutáneos entre jugadores titulares y reservas en función de la posición de juego. Fueron seleccionados de forma no probabilística 4 clubes profesionales de Primera División del Fútbol Profesional Peruano, considerándose 44 titulares y 28 reservas. Se evaluó la masa corporal, estatura, seis pliegues cutáneos, determinándose la proporcionalidad corporal por medio de la estrategia del Phantom. Los resultados muestran que la proporcionalidad de la masa corporal y los pliegues cutáneos es similar, tanto de forma general y por ubicación de juego, no existiendo diferencias significativas entre las posiciones de juego y entre titulares y suplentes. En conclusión, todos los jugadores, independientemente de la posición de juego y la titularidad y/o suplencia muestran similares valores de proporcionalidad corporal y de pliegues cutáneos, mostrando en general altos valores de masa corporal y bajos niveles de tejido adiposo.
The aim of the study was to provide descriptive information about the differences in proportionality of body mass and skinfold thickness between starters and reserves as playing position. They were selected in a non-probabilistic 04 professional clubs in the First Division of Professional Football Peruvian, considering 44 starters and 28 reserves. We assessed body mass, height, six skinfolds, body proportionality determined by the strategy of the Phantom. The results show that the proportionality of body mass and skinfold is similar, both generally and by playing position, with no significant differences between playing positions and titular or alternate players. In conclusion, all players regardless of playing position and title and/or substitution proportionality show similar values and skinfold body, showing generally high body mass values and low levels of fat.
De l’auto-illustration à la bande dessinée : l’hypothèse de l’hétéroréflexivité
Authors: Martinelli Hélène 
Published: August 2020

Cet article se propose de définir formellement l’« hétéroréflexivité », notion issue de la nécessité de repenser la réflexivité dans le livre auto-illustré dont il s’agit de tester le caractère opératoire en l’appliquant à la bande dessinée et au roman graphique. Au-delà des seuls phénomènes d’intermédialité, et loin de répondre à l’apparente redondance de l’« autoréflexivité », ces supports mixtes ne donnent pas toujours lieu à un geste réflexif unifié, mais à une série de retours sur soi et sur l’oeuvre qui manifestent une discontinuité réflexive, l’oeuvre mixte étant modélisée à partir d’un système qui lui est hétérogène bien qu’elle en fasse partie ou qu’il fasse partie d’elle.
“I Have Been Reading Your Adventures for Years!”: Explicit and Implicit
Metatextuality in Comic Books
Authors: Martin Côme 
Published: August 2020

This article aims to analyze the ways comics can represent their own mode of
discourse, through the use of implicit or explicit metatextual devices. I begin by
examining the relation of comics with architecture. Through a few selected examples,
I show how a door, a window, or the façade of a building can serve as discreet
metonymies for the layout of a comic book’s pages and panels. I follow up by
considering instances where a comic book is represented within the fictional world
of the narrative, usually through a character who serves as surrogate reader whithin
the diegesis.
In both cases, the use of metatextuality foregrounds how comics work and what
their specificities are, starting with their ergodic and fragmentary
character.
The Effect of Concentrations of Basil Leaves Extract as Natural Preservatives in Mullet Fillet on Bacterial Growth in Low-Temperature Storage
Authors: Shofiani Shafa , . Junianto , Rostini Iis , Afrianto Eddy 
Published: August 2020

This research aimed to know the shelf life of mullet fillet with basil leaves extract treatment in different concentration based on the amount of bacteria contained on mullet fillet during low temperature storage. The research was conducted at The Central Laboratory and The Laboratory of Fishery Product Processing, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor. The method used in this research was experimental with four treatments by duplo. Basil leaves extract treatment concentrations were given in 0%, 1.5%, 3% and 4.5% concentrations, soaked for 30 minutes and stored at low temperature (5-10℃). The observations for grey mullet fillet with 0% concentration (without soaking on basil leaf extract treatment) were made on the 1st, 3td, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th day of research. The observations for 1.5%, 3% and 4.5 concentrations were made on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th day of storage period. The parameters observed in this research was the amount of bacteria. The result of research showed that the use of basil leaf extract in concentration of 3% on mullet fillet during low temperature storage has the longest shelf life, that was until 11 days with total amount of bacteria about 4.55 x cfu/g.
The Prevalence of Ticks Infestation of Dogs in Runjin Sambo Area of Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Lema S. Y. , Haruna A. , Ibrahim J. , Suleiman J. 
Published: August 2020

Ticks are still considered a major cause of zoonotic diseases most especially to dogs and other related animals. This study was conducted to assess the ticks infestation of dogs in Runjin Sambo area Sokoto. The sample was collected using hand picking and hair brushing method with the assistance of dog owners. A total of sixty dogs were randomly selected in four different sub areas in Runjin Sambo. The locality, sex and age of the dogs were noted. The ticks species were identified in the entomology laboratory using key devices. Four species of ticks namely, Amlyomma variegatum, Rhipicephalus pulchellus, Boophilus decolaratus and Hyalomma excavatum were identified. The 45 (75%) of dogs were found infected with prevalence of 11.67%, 21.67%, 25.00% and 16.67% in the four sub-areas respectively. The prevalence rate of infection was 31.67% in male dogs and 43.33% in female dogs. Similarly 55.00% and 20.00% in adult and puppy dogs respectively. Tick infestation of dogs seems to be due to poor and unhygienic condition of the dogs and can be reduced by proper sanitation, improve hygiene and health education.
Cryptococcal Lymphadenopathy in an 18-year-old Male HIV-infected Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Kavabushi Patrick , Kambutse Immaculate , Ngabonziza Issa , Nyampinga Carine , Mugabe Fiacre B. , Nshizirungu Jean Jacques , Kyokunda Lynnette T. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Cryptoccocus neoformans is an encapsulated fungal pathogen which is contracted through inhalation of the infectious organisms which cause primarily pulmonary disease. The infection remains latent until the host becomes immunocompromised. The disease may disseminate to different sites; however most patients essentially present with brain and lung disease (meningitis and pneumonia, respectively). Cryptococcal lymphadenitis is therefore an uncommon occurrence of this infection.
Objective: We describe the clinico-pathological features of an 18-year-old male with vertically transmitted HIV/AIDS infection who presented to our hospital with features of disseminated cryptococcal infection and notable lymph node involvement.
Case Presentation: An 18-year-old secondary school adolescent boy presented to our hospital with a 3-week history of fever, headache, body weakness and marked loss of body weight. He had been recently diagnosed with HIV infection and initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART). On examination, he was weak, dehydrated and had multiple enlarged lymph nodes and facial skin papules. Notably, laboratory investigations revealed positive India ink test on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microscopy examination and culture, positive PAS stain for yeasts on lymph node histopathology and markedly prominent chest lymph nodes on the chest X-ray. A diagnosis of disseminated Cryptococcosis with lymph node involvement was made. He improved on Amphotericin B and oral fluconazole and a repeat CSF culture two weeks later was negative for Cryptococcus neoformans.
Conclusion: Cryptococcal lymphadenitis is a rare manifestation of Cryptococcal disease.
Studies on Comparative Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Yankasa Sheep Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma congolense Field Isolates of Nigerian Origin
Authors: Ogbaje Christopher Igoche , Lawal Idris Alao , Ajanusi Joseph O. 
Published: August 2020

Background: African Animal Trypanosomosis is one of the key hindrances to full livestock development in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa, despite years of efforts to eradicate the disease. It is an important parasitic disease of human and animals. Control of the disease relies majorly on chemotherapy of one of the three trypanocidal drugs. The severity of haematological indices depends on parasite species, host involved and nutrition. Hence, there is need to assess the pathogenicity and compare their effects on some of our local breeds of livestock.
Methodology: Field isolates Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma congolense of Nigerian origin were used. Thirty sheep were acquired and preconditioned for two weeks in arthropod- proofed pens before the commencement of the experiment. The sheep were divided into five groups (A- T. vivax infected-treated, B- T. vivax infected-untreated, C- No infection, no treatment, E- T. congolense infected-treated and F- T. congolense infected-untreated. Packed Cell Volume, serum protein, WBC, DLC were monitored weekly for 8 weeks.
Results: There was gradual decreased in PCV of all the infected animals which was an indication of anaemia but more severe in T. vivax groups. Also decreased in plasma protein that was more pronounced and prolonged in T. vivax than the T. congolense groups, this was similar with WBC. Neutrophils had initial increased in all the groups before dropping and low value of monocyte at the early period of infections which later disappeared. There was no basophil seen in all the T.vivax groups but few were observed in T. congolense groups.
Conclusion: Anaemia is a general feature of most parasitic infections especially in trypanosomosis. Trypanosoma vivax used in this study is more pathogenic than the T. congolense, hence may have more negative effects in sheep production in author’s environment.