bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of transformation zone cells in liquid‐based cytology and its comparison with conventional smears
Authors: Campaner Adriana Bittencourt , Fernandes Gustavo Leme 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the differences between liquid‐based cytology (LBC) and conventional cytology in respect of the detection of transformation zone cells (TZC) by age group and to assess test performance by correlating results with cytological abnormalities.MethodsA retrospective study assessing the results of cervical‐vaginal cytology smears collected at a private laboratory in São Paulo (Brazil) between January 2010 and December 2015.ResultsA total of 1 030 482 cytology tests were performed; of these, 3811 (0.36%) unsatisfactory samples were excluded. Cytology sampling in the patients studied was performed using the conventional technique in 394 879 (38.5%) cases and the liquid‐based techniques in 631 792 (61.5%) cases. The proportion of samples with TZC for interpretation was 73.2% (288 956 samples) in conventional cytology and 52.7% (333 115 samples) in LBC (P < .001). The presence of TZC rate declined in both groups with age, but was consistently lower for LBC (P < .001). The presence of endocervical and metaplastic cells was associated with higher high‐grade intraepithelial lesion detection rates.ConclusionLow representation of the transformation zone was found in the samples collected using the LBC technique, particularly in the over 50 age group. Conventional cytology was associated with a higher rate of detection of high‐grade lesions.
Schizophrenia‐associated gene dysbindin‐1 and tardive dyskinesia
Authors: Maes Miriam S. , Lu Justin Y. , Tiwari Arun K. , Freeman Natalie , de Luca Vincenzo , Müller Daniel J. , Voineskos Aristotle N. , Potkin Steven G. , Lieberman Jeffrey A. , Meltzer Herbert Y. , Remington Gary , Kennedy James L. , Zai Clement C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTardive dyskinesia (TD) is a potentially irreversible movement disorder observed following long‐term antipsychotic exposure. Its cause is unknown; however, a genetic component has been supported by studies of affected families. Dysbindin‐1, encoded by the dystrobrevin‐binding protein 1 DTNBP1 gene, has been associated with schizophrenia and is potentially involved in dopamine neurotransmission through its regulation of dopamine release and dopamine D2 receptor recycling, making it a candidate for investigation in TD. We investigated common variants across the DTNBP1 gene in our schizophrenia/patients with schizoaffective disorder of European ancestry. We found a number of DTNBP1 three‐marker haplotypes to be associated with TD occurrence and TD severity (p < 0.05). These preliminary findings, if replicated in larger independent samples, would suggest that drugs targeting dysbindin‐1 may be an option in the prevention and treatment of TD.
Topography and disturbance influence trait‐based composition and productivity of adjacent habitats in a coastal system
Authors: Brown Joseph K. , Zinnert Julie C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoastal systems experience frequent disturbance and multiple environmental stressors over short spatial and temporal scales. Investigating functional traits in coastal systems has the potential to inform how variation in disturbance frequency and environmental variables influence differences in trait‐based community composition and ecosystem function. Our goals were to (1) quantify trait‐based communities on two barrier islands divergent in topography and long‐term disturbance response and (2) determine relationships between community trait‐based composition and ecosystem productivity. We hypothesized that locations documented with high disturbance would have habitats with similar environmental conditions and trait‐based communities, with the opposite relationship in low‐disturbance locations. Furthermore, we expected higher productivity and lower site‐to‐site variation with low disturbance. Functional traits, biomass, and environmental metrics (soil salinity, elevation, and distance to shoreline) were collected and analyzed for two habitat types (dune and swale) on two Virginia barrier islands. Our results show that trait‐based community composition differed among habitat types and was related to disturbance. Habitats exhibited more similarity on the high‐disturbance island in both trait‐based composition and environmental variables. Conversely, the low‐disturbance island habitats were more dissimilar. We found the habitat with the lowest disturbance had the highest ecosystem productivity and had trait‐based communities indicative of highly competitive environments, while the high‐disturbance trait‐based communities were influenced by traits that indicate rapid recovery and growth. Site‐to‐site variation was similar in all dune habitats but differed among inter‐island swale habitats that varied in disturbance. These results highlight the importance of incorporating trait‐based analyses when approaching questions about community structure and ecosystem productivity in disturbance‐mediated habitats, such as coastal systems.
Contemporary use of devices in chronic heart failure in the Netherlands
Authors: Raafs Anne G. , Linssen Gerard C.M. , Brugts Jasper J. , Erol‐Yilmaz Ayten , Plomp Jacobus , Smits Jeroen P.P. , Nagelsmit Michiel J. , Oortman Remko M. , Hoes Arno W. , Brunner‐LaRocca Hans‐Peter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsDespite previous surveys regarding device implantation rates in heart failure (HF), insight into the real‐world management with devices is scarce. Therefore, we investigated device implantation rates in HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in 34 Dutch centres.Methods and resultsA cross‐sectional outpatient registry was conducted in 6666 patients with LVEF < 50% and with information about device implantation available [74 (66–81) years of age; 64% male]. Patients were classified into conventional pacemakers (PM, n = 562), implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD, n = 1165), and cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator function (CRT‐D, n = 885) or pacemaker function only (CRT‐P, n = 248), or no device (n = 3806). Centres were divided into ICD‐implanting and CRT‐implanting and referral centres. Overall, 17.5% had an ICD, 13.3% CRT‐D, 3.7% CRT‐P, and 8.4% PM. Of those with LVEF ≤ 30%, 42.5% had ICD or CRT‐D therapy. A large variation in implantation rates existed between centres: 3–51% for ICD therapy, 0.3–44% for CRT‐D therapy, 0–11% for CRT‐P therapy, and 0–25% PM therapy. Implantation centres showed higher implantation rates of ICD, CRT‐D, and CRT‐P compared with referral centres [36% vs. 25% for defibrillators (ICD or CRT‐D) and 17% vs. 9% for CRT devices (CRT‐D or CRT‐P), respectively, P < 0.001], independently of other factors. A large number of clinical factors were predictive for device usage. Among other, LVEF < 40% and male sex were independent positive predictors for ICD/CRT‐D use [odds ratio (OR) = 3.33, P < 0.001; OR = 1.87, P = 0.019, respectively]. Older age was independently associated with less ICD/CRT‐D (OR = 0.96 per year, P < 0.001) and more CRT‐P/PM use (OR = 1.03 per year, P = 0.006).ConclusionsIn this large Dutch HF registry, less than half of the patients with reduced LVEF received an ICD or CRT, even if LVEF was ≤30%, and a large variation between centres existed. Patients from implantation centres had more often ICD or CRT. More uniformity regarding guideline‐based use of device therapy in clinical practice is needed.
Nonlinear dynamic tests of a reinforced concrete frame building at different damage levels
Authors: Yousefianmoghadam Seyedsina , Song Mingming , Mohammadi Mohammad Ebrahim , Packard Brittany , Stavridis Andreas , Moaveni Babak , Wood Richard L. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis paper discusses the dynamic tests of a two‐story infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame building using an eccentric‐mass shaker. The building, located in El Centro, CA, was substantially damaged prior to the tests due to the seismic activity in the area. During the testing sequence, five infill walls were removed to introduce additional damage states and to investigate the changes in the dynamic properties and the nonlinear response of the building to the induced excitations. The accelerations and displacements of the structure under the forced and ambient vibrations were recorded through an array of sensors, while lidar scans were obtained to document the damage. The test data provide insight into the nonlinear response of an actual building and the change of its resonant frequencies and operational shapes due to varying damage levels and changes of the excitation amplitude, frequency, and orientation.
The influence of Konjac glucomannan on the functional and structural properties of wheat starch
Authors: Zhang Ling , Zeng Lirong , Wang Xuan , He Juncheng , Wang Qiong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize the influence of Konjac glucomannan (KGM) on the functional and structural properties of wheat starch. Results showed that KGM significantly decreased the starch hydrolysis rate, with a lower level of rapidly digestible starch (RDS), and a higher content of slowly digestible starch (SDS). Besides, KGM decreased the content of leached amylose, while enhanced the swelling power, water‐holding capacity, freeze‐thaw stability, and paste clarity of wheat starch, which indicated a good improvement on the functional properties. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction patterns (XRD) manifested that the addition of KGM disrupted the original crystalline structures of wheat starch, which may result in the increased hydrolysis rate of starch. Interestingly, this did not consist with the decreased starch hydrolysis rate showed in the study. Moreover, FTIR results showed the existence of the interaction between KGM and starch. The morphological characterization demonstrated that the addition of KGM contributed to a more compact structure of freeze‐dried wheat starch. And KGM inhibited the expansion of starch granules and formed a barrier around the gelatinized starch. Therefore, the barrier around the starch granules and the interaction between KGM and starch were considered to be the important reasons that affected the starch digestibility.
Inactivation of Morganella morganii by high hydrostatic pressure combined with lemon essential oil
Authors: Kung Hsien‐Feng , Lee Yi‐Chen , Hwang Chiu‐Chu , Wu Ying‐Chuan , Hsieh Ching‐Yu , Tsai Yung‐Hsiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe inactivation and damage of histamine‐forming bacterium, Morganella morganii, in phosphate buffer and tuna meat slurry by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) alone or in combination with 0.2% lemon essential oil (LEO) treatments were studied using viability measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). HHP alone or in combination with LEO treatments showed first‐order destruction kinetics to M. morganii during pressure holding period. The D values of M. morganii (200 to 600 MPa) in phosphate buffer ranged from 16.4 to 0.08 min, whereas those in tuna meat slurry ranged from 51.0 to 0.10 min, respectively. M. morganii in tuna meat slurry had higher D values and were more resistant to HHP treatments than in phosphate buffer. In addition, the D values of HHP in combination with LEO treatment were lower than those of HHP treatment alone at <400 MPa of pressure, indicating that it is more effective to inactivate M. morganii under the same pressure. The results showed the M. morganii at HHP in combination with LEO treatment was more susceptible to pressure treatment alone. HHP with or without LEO treatments can be used to inactivate M. morganii by causing disruption to bacterial cell membrane and cell wall as demonstrated by SEM micrographs.
Resting‐state and task‐based centrality of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex predict resilience to 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Fitzsimmons Sophie M. D. D. , Douw Linda , van den Heuvel Odile A. , van der Werf Ysbrand D. , Vriend Chris 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is used to investigate normal brain function in healthy participants and as a treatment for brain disorders. Various subject factors can influence individual response to rTMS, including brain network properties. A previous study by our group showed that “virtually lesioning” the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC; important for cognitive flexibility) using 1 Hz rTMS reduced performance on a set‐shifting task. We aimed to determine whether this behavioural response was related to topological features of pre‐TMS resting‐state and task‐based functional networks. 1 Hz (inhibitory) rTMS was applied to the left dlPFC in 16 healthy participants, and to the vertex in 17 participants as a control condition. Participants performed a set‐shifting task during fMRI at baseline and directly after a single rTMS session 1–2 weeks later. Functional network topology measures were calculated from resting‐state and task‐based fMRI scans using graph theoretical analysis. The dlPFC‐stimulated group, but not the vertex group, showed reduced setshifting performance after rTMS, associated with lower task‐based betweenness centrality (BC) of the dlPFC at baseline (p = .030) and a smaller reduction in task‐based BC after rTMS (p = .024). Reduced repeat trial accuracy after rTMS was associated with higher baseline resting state node strength of the dlPFC (p = .017). Our results suggest that behavioural response to 1 Hz rTMS to the dlPFC is dependent on baseline functional network features. Individuals with more globally integrated stimulated regions show greater resilience to rTMS effects, while individuals with more locally well‐connected regions show greater vulnerability.
HBV‐Induced Increased N6 Methyladenosine Modification of PTEN RNA Affects Innate Immunity and Contributes to HCC
Authors: Kim Geon‐Woo , Imam Hasan , Khan Mohsin , Mir Saiful Anam , Kim Seong‐Jun , Yoon Seung Kew , Hur Wonhee , Siddiqui Aleem 
Published: May 2020

Background and Aims
Epitranscriptomic modification of RNA has emerged as the most prevalent form of regulation of gene expression that affects development, differentiation, metabolism, viral infections, and most notably cancer. We have previously shown that hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcripts are modified by N6 methyladenosine (m6A) addition. HBV also affects m6A modification of several host RNAs, including phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a well‐known tumor suppressor. PTEN plays a critical role in antiviral innate immunity and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Reports have shown that PTEN controlled interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF‐3) nuclear localization by negative phosphorylation of IRF‐3 at Ser97, and PTEN reduced carcinogenesis by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway.

Approach and Results
Here, we show that HBV significantly increases the m6A modification of PTEN RNA, which contributes to its instability with a corresponding decrease in PTEN protein levels. This is reversed in cells in which the expression of m6A methyltransferases is silenced. PTEN expression directly increases activated IRF‐3 nuclear import and subsequent interferon synthesis. In the absence of PTEN, IRF‐3 dephosphorylation at the Ser97 site is decreased and interferon synthesis is crippled. In chronic HBV patient biopsy samples, m6A‐modified PTEN mRNA levels were uniformly up‐regulated with a concomitant decrease of PTEN mRNA levels. HBV gene expression also activated the PI3K/AKT pathway by regulating PTEN mRNA stability in HCC cell lines.

Conclusions
The m6A epitranscriptomic regulation of PTEN by HBV affects innate immunity by inhibiting IRF‐3 nuclear import and the development of HCC by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Our studies collectively provide new insights into the mechanisms of HBV‐directed immune evasion and HBV‐associated hepatocarcinogenesis through m6A modification of the host PTEN mRNAs.
Respiratory infections regulated blood cells IFN‐β‐PD‐L1 pathway in pediatric asthma
Authors: Kölle Julia , Haag Patricia , Vuorinen Tytti , Alexander Kiefer , Rauh Manfred , Zimmermann Theodor , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Finotto Susetta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory infections, in general, and rhinovirus infection specifically are the main reason for asthma exacerbation in children and programmed cell death protein 1 ligand (PD‐L1) expression inhibits T cell responses.ObjectiveCould the interferon (IFN) type I expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) improve disease exacerbation in pediatric asthma?ResultsHere we found increased level of PD‐L1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in total blood cells isolated from preschool children with virus‐induced asthma, with lower percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and with high serum levels of the C‐reactive‐protein.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThese data indicate that, in the presence of infection in the airways of preschool children, worse asthma is associated with induced PD‐L1 mRNA expression in blood cells. Further, type I IFN, IFN‐β, a cytokine that is involved in the clearance of infections, was found to be associated with a better lung function in asthmatic children. These data suggest that improving peripheral blood IFN type I expression in PBMCs in pediatric asthma could improve disease exacerbation due to suppressing PD‐L1 expression in blood cells.
Comparison of the formation, adipogenic maturation, and retention of human adipose‐derived stem cell spheroids in scaffold‐free culture techniques
Authors: Fitzgerald Sarah J. , Cobb Jared S. , Janorkar Amol V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile three‐dimensional spheroids outperform traditional two‐dimensional monolayer culture for human adipose‐derived stem cells (hASCs), there is not a consensus on the most successful method for enhancing their adipogenic differentiation and minimizing the loss of physiologically relevant, fatty spheroids during culture. To this end, we compared three culture methods, namely, elastin‐like polypeptide‐polyethyleneimine (ELP‐PEI) coated surfaces, ultra‐low attachment static culture, and suspension culture for their ability to form and retain productive hASC spheroids. The ELP‐PEI coatings used the ELP conjugated to two molecular weights of PEI (800 or 25,000 g/mol). FTIR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle goniometry revealed that the ELP‐PEI coatings had similar chemical structures, surface topography, and hydrophobicity. Time‐lapse microscopy showed that increasing the PEI molecular weight resulted in smaller spheroids. Measurement of triglyceride content showed that the three methods induced comparable differentiation of hASCs toward the adipogenic lineage. DNA content and morphometric analysis revealed merging of spheroids to form larger spheroids in the ultra‐low attachment static culture and suspension culture methods. In contrast, the retention of hASC spheroid sizes and numbers with a regular spheroid size (~100 μm) were best atop the ELP‐PEI800 coatings. Overall, this research shows that the spheroid culture atop the ELP‐PEI coatings is a suitable cell culture model for future studies involving long‐term, three‐dimensional culture of mature adipocytes derived from hASCs.
Bone Microarchitecture Assessed by Trabecular Bone Score Is Independent of Mobility Level or Height in Pediatric Patients with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Rehberg Mirko , Azim Manuela , Martakis Kyriakos , Winzenrieth Renaud , Hoyer-Kuhn Heike , Schoenau Eckhard , Semler Oliver , Duran Ibrahim 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Bone strength and fracture risk do not only depend on bone density, but also on bone structure. The trabecular bone score (TBS) evaluates homogeneity of bone microarchitecture indirectly by measuring gray-level variations of two-dimensional (2D) DXA images. Although TBS is well-established for adults, there have been only few publications in pediatrics. In this monocentric retrospective analysis, we investigated TBS in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP), a patient group vulnerable to low bone mineral mass due to impaired mobility. The influence of different parameters on TBS and areal BMD (aBMD) were evaluated, as well as the relationship between TBS and aBMD. We compared TBS values of our study population to a reference population. A total of 472 lumbar spine–dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (LS-DXA) scans of children and adolescents with CP (205 female), aged between 4 and 18 years, were analyzed. The DXA-scans were part of the routine examination. The children had no records of fractures or specific bone diseases. Our study population with CP had similar TBS as the reference population. TBS did not increase with age until an inflection point at 10 years in females, and 12 years in males. Girls had significantly higher TBS than boys (p = .049) and pubertal girls aged 8 to 13 years had significantly higher TBS than prepubertal girls (p = .009). TBS standard deviation score for age (SDS-TBS) and aBMD Z-scores correlated weakly (p &lt; .001; R = 0.276 [males], R = 0.284 [females]). Other than for aBMD Z-scores, SDS-TBS was not influenced by age-adjusted height Z-scores and there was no significant difference in SDS-TBS when grouped by mobility levels, using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Our results indicate that children with CP have a similar homogeneous distribution of trabecular microarchitecture as controls. Puberty initiation appears to be essential for increase of TBS with age and for sex differences. TBS seems less influenced by body composition, height, and mobility than aBMD. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Association of Cervical Spondylosis With Peripheral Vertigo: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Yang Tzong‐Hann , Xirasagar Sudha , Cheng Yen‐Fu , Kuo Nai‐Wen , Lin Herng‐Ching 
Published: May 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThis study aimed to assess the association of prior cervical spondylosis (CS) with peripheral vertigo.Study DesignCase–control study.MethodsData were retrieved from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. A total of 2,570 patients who were newly diagnosed with peripheral vertigo were identified. We compared them with a 3:1 ratio of propensity score–matched patients, 7,710 comparison patients from the same dataset. We performed multivariate logistic regressions to estimate the odds ratio for prior CS occurrence among peripheral vertigo patients versus controls.ResultsOf 10,280 sample patients, 1,739 (16.92%) patients had CS prior to the index date. A significant difference in prior CS between peripheral vertigo patients and controls (19.49% vs. 16.06%, P < .001) was observed. Logistic regression analysis shows that the odds of prior CS was 1.285 for peripheral vertigo patients versus controls (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.143‐1.446) after adjusting for age, sex, urbanization level, monthly income, geographic region, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and asthma. Prior CS with myelopathy was not associated with peripheral vertigo. Stratified analysis by age showed that the odds of CS were highest among patients with peripheral vertigo in the 45‐ to 64‐year‐old age group (1.442, 95% CI: 1.215‐1.712).ConclusionsCS is associated with subsequent peripheral vertigo in the Taiwan population, with higher risk among those aged 45 to 64 years.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 131:E625–E630, 2021