bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of parallel and sequential configurations for concurrent therapeutic plasma exchange and continuous kidney replacement therapy in adults
Authors: Kaushik Manish , Liew Zhong Hong , Sewa Duu‐Wen , Phua Ghee Chee , Cao Ling , Krishnamoorthy Thinesh Lee , Ng Shin Yi , Lim Amy Ee Lin , Ng Li Choo , Koniman Riece , Teo Su Hooi , Tan Han Khim ,   for the S.I.N:G.A.P.O.R.E Initiative (Science In Nephrology: Growth And Progress Of Research & Education Initiative)
Published: November 2020

AbstractTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) are extracorporeal therapeutic procedures often implemented in management of patients. Critically ill patients may be afflicted with disease processes that require both TPE and CKRT. Performing TPE discontinuous with CKRT is technically easier, however, it disrupts CKRT and may compromise with CKRT efficiency or hemofilter life. Concurrent TPE with CKRT offers several advantages including simultaneous control of disease process and correction of electrolyte, fluid, and acid‐base disturbances that may accompany TPE. Additionally, TPE may be performed by either centrifugation method or membrane plasma separation method. The technical specifications of these methods may influence the methodology of concurrent connections. This report describes and reviews two different approaches to circuit arrangements when establishing concurrent TPE and CKRT.
How does corporate social responsibility decrease serious misstatement likelihood?
Authors: Hong Yongtao , Young Alex 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, we offer two explanations for the observed negative association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and the likelihood of serious misstatements being detected (PSMD). We find that CSR significantly decreases the probability of engagement in a serious misstatement (PE) in general, whereas it increases the detection probability (PD) only when there are salient indicators of misstatement engagement. The asymmetrical impact of CSR on the engagement probability and detection probability provides the first explanation for the lower PSMD in CSR firms. Second, we provide evidence that CSR indirectly affects PSMD by attenuating the materiality and magnitude of misstatements. A path analysis suggests that the indirect path accounts for 33.3% of the total impact of CSR on serious misstatement likelihood. These findings advance our understanding of the mechanism through which CSR reduces PSMD.
Comment on “Martini force field for protonated polyethyleneimine”
Authors: Mahajan Subhamoy , Tang Tian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe comment on the recently published Martini forcefield for linear polyethylenimine (Beu et al., J. Comput. Chem., 2020, 41, 349). With supporting evidence, we demonstrate that the new coarse‐graining methodology presented in that work is inconsistent with the Martini methodology and lacks important validation steps which is usually required by Martini forcefields.
Short strides to important findings: A short interval longitudinal study of sleep quality, psychological distress and microstructure changes to the uncinate fasciculus in early adolescents
Authors: Jamieson Daniel , Schwenn Paul , Beaudequin Denise A. , Shan Zack , McLoughlin Larisa T. , Lagopoulos Jim , Hermens Daniel F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDevelopmental studies have shown adolescence is a period of ongoing white matter (WM) development, reduced sleep quality and the onset of many mental disorders. Findings indicate the WM development of the uncinate fasciculus (UF), a WM tract suggested to play a key role in mental disorders, continues throughout adolescence. While these studies provide valuable information, they are limited by long intervals between scans (1 to 4 years) leaving researchers and clinicians to infer what may be occurring between time‐points. To allow inferences to be made regarding the impact that sleep quality may be having on WM development, longitudinal studies with much shorter between‐scan intervals are required.MethodsThe current study reports longitudinal data of self‐reported sleep quality (PSQI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures of WM development and psychological distress (K10) for n = 64 early adolescents spanning the first twelve months (four time‐points; Baseline, 4, 8, & 12 months) of the Longitudinal Adolescent Brain Study (LABS) study currently underway at the Thompson Institute.ResultsGeneralised Estimating Equation analysis showed a significant relationship between sleep quality and psychological distress over the four time‐points. Reduced radial diffusivity and increased fractional anisotropy of the UF is also reported with increasing age suggesting that ongoing myelination is occurring. Adding sleep quality to the model, however, negatively impacted this myelination process.ConclusionThese findings represent an important step towards elucidating how sleep, psychological distress and maturation of the UF may co‐develop during early adolescence.
Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dorrell Robert D , Dougherty Michael K , Barash Eric L , Lichtig Asher E , Clayton Steven B , Jensen Elizabeth T 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThis review investigates the role of gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations in COVID‐19, particularly with regard to the prevalence of isolated gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library for COVID‐19 publications from 1 December 2019 to 18 May 2020. We included any study that reported the presence of GI symptoms in a sample of >5 COVID‐19 patients. Data collection and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Where ≥3 studies reported data sufficiently similar to allow calculation of a pooled prevalence, we performed random effects meta‐analysis.ResultsThis review included 17 776 COVID‐19 patients from 108 studies. Isolated GI symptoms only occurred in 1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0–6%) of patients. GI symptoms were reported in 20% (95% CI 15–24%) of patients. The most common were anorexia (21%, 95% CI 15–27%), diarrhea (13%, 95% CI 11–16%), nausea or vomiting (8%, 95% CI 6–11%), and abdominal pain (4%, 95% CI 2–6%). Transaminase elevations were present in 24% (95% CI 17–31%) of patients. Higher prevalence of GI symptoms were reported in studies published after 1st April, with prevalence of diarrhea 16% (95% CI 13–20), nausea or vomiting 12% (95% CI 8–16%), and any GI symptoms 24% (95% CI 18–34%). GI symptoms were associated with severe COVID‐19 disease (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.2), but not mortality (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.52–1.54).ConclusionsPatients with isolated GI symptoms may represent a small but significant portion of COVID‐19 cases. When testing resources are abundant, clinicians should still consider testing patients with isolated GI symptoms or unexplained transaminase elevations for COVID‐19. More recent studies estimate higher overall GI involvement in COVID‐19 than was previously recognized.
Zeolite‐catalyzed synthesis of nicotinyl‐fused indolo‐pyrazoles and evaluation of their activities against Anopheles arabiensis and Lipoxygenase
Authors: Makhanya Talent R. , Gengan Robert M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA series of nicotyl‐fused indolo‐pyrazoles (NFIPs) were synthesized by a one‐pot multicomponent reaction of aryl aldehydes, isoniazid, and indole in the presence of zeolite as a catalyst. Structures of all the synthesized compounds were established by IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, 2D‐NMR, TOF‐MS, and elemental analysis. The products were obtained in excellent yields and high purity. All 10 compounds were screened for larvicidal and insecticidal properties against Anopheles arabiensis and tested for their lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Compounds (3‐(3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2,3‐dihydropyrazolo[4,3‐b]indol‐1(4H)‐yl)(pyridin‐4‐yl)methanone (4i) and (3‐(3‐bromo‐5‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2,3‐dihydropyrazolo[4,3‐b]indol‐1(4H)‐yl)(pyridin‐4‐yl)methanone (4j) displayed highest larvae mortality at a 4 μg/ml dose in 24 h. Compounds (3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2,3‐dihydropyrazolo[4,3‐b]indol‐1(4H)‐yl)(pyridin‐4‐yl)methanone (4h) and (3‐(3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2,3‐dihydropyrazolo[4,3‐b]indol‐1(4H)‐yl)(pyridin‐4‐yl)methanone (4i) showed a significant knockdown activity after 24 h with 70% mortality. Furthermore, (3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2,3‐dihydropyrazolo[4,3‐b]indol‐1(4H)‐yl)(pyridin‐4‐yl)methanone (4c) and (3‐(3‐bromo‐5‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2,3‐dihydropyrazolo[4,3‐b]indol‐1(4H)‐yl)(pyridin‐4‐yl)methanone (4j) displayed promising lipoxygenase inhibitory activity with a mortality of 70% and 60%, respectively.
Radiomics Analysis Based on Multiparametric MRI for Predicting Early Recurrence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Partial Hepatectomy
Authors: Zhao Ying , Wu Jingjun , Zhang Qinhe , Hua Zhengyu , Qi Wenjing , Wang Nan , Lin Tao , Sheng Liuji , Cui Dahua , Liu Jinghong , Song Qingwei , Li Xin , Wu Tingfan , Guo Yan , Cui Jingjing , Liu Ailian 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundPreoperative prediction of early recurrence (ER) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) plays a critical role in individualized risk stratification and further treatment guidance.PurposeTo investigate the role of radiomics analysis based on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) for predicting ER in HCC after partial hepatectomy.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 113 HCC patients (ER, n = 58 vs. non‐ER, n = 55), divided into training (n = 78) and validation (n = 35) cohorts.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T or 3.0T, gradient‐recalled‐echo in‐phase T1‐weighted imaging (I‐T1WI) and opposed‐phase T1WI (O‐T1WI), fast spin‐echo T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI), spin‐echo planar diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and gradient‐recalled‐echo contrast‐enhanced MRI (CE‐MRI).AssessmentIn all, 1146 radiomics features were extracted from each image sequence, and radiomics models based on each sequence and their combination were established via multivariate logistic regression analysis. The clinicopathologic‐radiologic (CPR) model and the combined model integrating the radiomics score with the CPR risk factors were constructed. A nomogram based on the combined model was established.Statistical TestsReceiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the discriminative performance of each model. The potential clinical usefulness was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsThe radiomics model based on I‐T1WI, O‐T1WI, T2WI, and CE‐MRI sequences presented the best performance among all radiomics models with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.771 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.598–0.894) in the validation cohort. The combined nomogram (AUC: 0.873; 95% CI: 0.756–0.989) outperformed the radiomics model and the CPR model (AUC: 0.742; 95% CI: 0.577–0.907). DCA demonstrated that the combined nomogram was clinically useful.Data ConclusionThe mpMRI‐based radiomics analysis has potential to predict ER of HCC patients after hepatectomy, which could enhance risk stratification and provide support for individualized treatment planning.Evidence Level4.Technical EfficacyStage 4.
Fully Automatic Assessment of Background Parenchymal Enhancement on Breast MRI Using Machine‐Learning Models
Authors: Nam Yoonho , Park Ga Eun , Kang Junghwa , Kim Sung Hun 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAutomated measurement and classification models with objectivity and reproducibility are required for accurate evaluation of the breast cancer risk of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE).PurposeTo develop and evaluate a machine‐learning algorithm for breast FGT segmentation and BPE classification.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 794 patients with breast cancer, 594 patients assigned to the development set, and 200 patients to the test set.Field Strength/Sequence3T and 1.5T; T2‐weighted, fat‐saturated T1‐weighted (T1W) with dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE).AssessmentManual segmentation was performed for the whole breast and FGT regions in the contralateral breast. The BPE region was determined by thresholding using the subtraction of the pre‐ and postcontrast T1W images and the segmented FGT mask. Two radiologists independently assessed the categories of FGT and BPE. A deep‐learning‐based algorithm was designed to segment and measure the volume of whole breast and FGT and classify the grade of BPE.Statistical TestsDice similarity coefficients (DSC) and Spearman correlation analysis were used to compare the volumes from the manual and deep‐learning‐based segmentations. Kappa statistics were used for agreement analysis. Comparison of area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) and F1 scores were calculated to evaluate the performance of BPE classification.ResultsThe mean (±SD) DSC for manual and deep‐learning segmentations was 0.85 ± 0.11. The correlation coefficient for FGT volume from manual‐ and deep‐learning‐based segmentations was 0.93. Overall accuracy of manual segmentation and deep‐learning segmentation in BPE classification task was 66% and 67%, respectively. For binary categorization of BPE grade (minimal/mild vs. moderate/marked), overall accuracy increased to 91.5% in manual segmentation and 90.5% in deep‐learning segmentation; the AUC was 0.93 in both methods.Data ConclusionThis deep‐learning‐based algorithm can provide reliable segmentation and classification results for BPE.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2
Mosquito‐infecting virus Espirito Santo virus inhibits replication and spread of dengue virus
Authors: White Avian V. , Fan Ming , Mazzara Jordan M. , Roper Rachel L. , Richards Stephanie L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe primary vector of dengue virus (DENV) is Aedes aegypti. The mosquito‐infecting virus, Espirito Santo virus (ESV), does not infect Vero (mammalian) cells and grows in mosquito (C6/36) cells without cytopathic effects. Effects of ESV infection on replication of DENV were explored in vitro and in vivo, analyzing protein, RNA genome expression, and plaque formation. ESV and DENV simultaneous coinfection did not block protein synthesis from either virus but did result in inhibition of DENV replication in mosquito cells. Furthermore, ESV superinfected with DENV resulted in inhibition of DENV replication and spread in A. aegypti, thus reducing vector competence. Tissue culture experiments on viral kinetics of ESV and DENV coinfection showed that neither virus significantly affects the replication of the other in Vero, HeLa, or HEK cells. Hence, ESV blocks DENV replication in insect cells, but not the mammalian cells evaluated here. Our study provides new insights into ESV‐induced suppression of DENV, a globally important pathogen impacting public health.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection reaches the human nervous system: How?
Authors: Uversky Vladimir N. , Elrashdy Fatma , Aljadawi Abdullah , Ali Syed Moasfar , Khan Rizwan Hasan , Redwan Elrashdy M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWithout protective and/or therapeutic agents the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection known as coronavirus disease 2019 is quickly spreading worldwide. It has surprising transmissibility potential, since it could infect all ages, gender, and human sectors. It attacks respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, hepatic, and endovascular systems and can reach the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) through known and unknown mechanisms. The reports on the neurological manifestations and complications of the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are increasing exponentially. Herein, we enumerate seven candidate routes, which the mature or immature SARS‐CoV‐2 components could use to reach the CNS and PNS, utilizing the within‐body cross talk between organs. The majority of SARS‐CoV‐2–infected patients suffer from some neurological manifestations (e.g., confusion, anosmia, and ageusia). It seems that although the mature virus did not reach the CNS or PNS of the majority of patients, its unassembled components and/or the accompanying immune‐mediated responses may be responsible for the observed neurological symptoms. The viral particles and/or its components have been specifically documented in endothelial cells of lung, kidney, skin, and CNS. This means that the blood–endothelial barrier may be considered as the main route for SARS‐CoV‐2 entry into the nervous system, with the barrier disruption being more logical than barrier permeability, as evidenced by postmortem analyses.
Evaluation of climate model simulations in representing the precipitation non‐stationarity by considering observational uncertainties
Authors: Wan Yongjing , Chen Jie , Xie Ping , Xu Chong‐Yu , Li Daiyuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe reliability of climate model simulations in representing the precipitation changes is one of the preconditions for climate‐change impact studies. However, the observational uncertainties hinder the robust evaluation of these climate model simulations. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the capacities of climate model simulations in representing the precipitation non‐stationarity in consideration of observational uncertainties. The mean of multiple observations from five observational precipitation datasets is used as a reference to quantify the uncertainty of observed precipitation and to evaluate the performance of climate model simulations. The non‐stationarity of precipitation was represented using the mean and variance of annual total precipitation and annual maximum daily precipitation for the 1982–2015 period. The results show that the spatial distributions of annual and extreme precipitation are similar for various observational datasets, while there has less agreement in the variance changes of extreme precipitation. Climate models are capable of representing the spatial distributions of the annual and extreme precipitation amounts at the global scales. In terms of the non‐stationarity, climate model simulations are capable of capturing the large‐scale spatial pattern of the trend in mean for annual precipitation. On the contrary, the simulations are less reliable in reproducing the change of extreme precipitation, as well as the trend of variance for annual precipitation. Overall, climate models are more reliable in simulating the mean of precipitation than the variance, and they are more reliable in simulating annual precipitation than extreme. Besides, the uncertainties of precipitation for both observations and simulations are much larger in monsoon regions than in other regions. This study suggests that considering observational uncertainties is necessary when using observational datasets as the reference to project future climate change and assess the impact of climate change on environments.
Fluorescent‐conjugated antibodies as rapid ex vivo markers for bacterial presence on orthopedic surgical explants and synovium: A pilot study
Authors: Garcia Dioscaris , Gardezi Mursal , Suliman Yasmine , Glasser Jillian , Spake Carole SL , Barrett Caitlin , Berns Ellis , Jenkins Derek , Evans Andrew , Cohen Eric , Eberson Craig , Hayda Roman , Daniels Alan , Green Andrew , Owens Brett , Antoci Valentin , Born Christopher T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSurgical infection is one of the most pressing problems in the field of orthopedic surgery; however, current detection methods are plagued by high costs and long wait times. This study seeks to demonstrate the ability of a novel assay using fluorescently conjugated antibodies and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to accurately detect bacterial presence on orthopedic surgical explants, tissue, and synovial fluid in 30 min. Explanted hardware, tissue, and synovial fluid samples suspected to be infected were collected from human subjects with institutional review board consent. Samples were prepared using a 30‐min protocol, consisting of rinsing, nonspecific blocking and staining steps, and imaged using CLSM. Images were analyzed using ImageJ (National Institute of Health) to determine the percent area of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Results of the assay were compared to the hospital's microbiological laboratory and Gram staining results. Ninety three samples were collected and tested using the 30‐min testing protocol; 75 samples were synovial fluid and 18 were tissue and explants. Seventy four of 75 (98.6%) synovial fluid samples correlated with the hospital laboratory's microbiological findings. Of the 18 explant and tissue samples, our assay found bacterial presence in 14 of 18 samples, while the hospital microbiology laboratory found bacterial presence in 13 of 18 samples. This assay reliably stained and rapidly identified the presence of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria on surgical explants, tissue and synovial fluid in 30 min. This methodology may serve as a point of service tool for the determination of bacterial presence during surgical procedures.
High‐sensitivity impulsive stimulated Raman spectrometer with fast data acquisition
Authors: Falconieri Mauro , Gagliardi Serena , Rondino Flaminia , Marrocco Michele , Kulatilaka Waruna D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImpulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) is a nonlinear coherent technique for the measurement of the vibrational spectrum of samples within the bandwidth of the excitation laser pulse, which, for pulse durations of several tens of femtoseconds, translates into easy access to the low‐wavenumber Raman spectrum (below few hundreds of cm−1). Recently, a degenerate ISRS Fourier‐transform Michelson spectrometer for measurements in bulk, transparent liquids operating with a single, nonamplified femtosecond laser source, was demonstrated, although with low measurement speed, exploiting a position‐sensitive detector to measure the time evolution of the tiny spectral asymmetries of the probe beam produced by stimulated Raman gain and loss. Building on this innovation of the detection method, in this work, we show that using a different data acquisition concept, based on the fast modulation of the delay in one of the spectrometer arms, it is possible to measure scattering and absorbing samples in a much shorter time, approaching the real‐time visualization of the Raman spectrum of the sample under analysis. Furthermore, the setup described here does not suffer from creation of microbubbles, heating effects or thermal instabilities produced in the sample by increasingly high excitation fluences, and is therefore suitable to be implemented in vibrational microscopy applications with tight beam focusing. Thus, the present work is a contribution toward practical implementation of low‐wavenumber vibrational imaging, which is of importance for studies of intramolecular vibrational modes of large molecules or of heavy functional groups or for the study of intermolecular force constants in biological and nanostructured materials.