bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF A DECADE OF CHANGE IN THE YOUNG-OLD POPULATION IN A MARGINAL COMMUNITY IN JAPAN
Authors: Watanabe Yuichi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Population aging is occurring throughout the world, with an estimated 82 countries expected to have more than 20% of their population age 65 or older by 2050. Communities in which these older adults live face significant challenges in maintaining residential services. Japan is on the leading edge of this phenomenon. In Japan, marginal communities are defined as those where over 50% of the population is 65 years of age or older and face difficulties maintaining the traditional mutual support system in the community. The old-old population might have vulnerabilities because of a lack of resources for daily living. Documenting the changes in these communities over time may help to identify solutions to how to be an inclusive community. we examine the effects of a decade of change using surveys completed in a marginal community in Japan in 2009 and 2019. Data were collected from a cohort of 65 to 74 year olds in 2009 (n=45) and 75 to 84 year olds in 2019 (n=26) in one marginal community. Analysis by Fisher’s exact test shows decreasing the exchange of information and decreasing discussion of the future of the community with family and relatives over time. In 2009, respondents surveyed brought up issues such as the shortage of care services and lack of bank facilities, while in 2019 these issues were not mentioned. Results suggest that decisions made regarding the viability of those communities should include input from the elderly to optimize the effects of aging in place.
HIGH THROUGHPUT YEAST REPLICATIVE LIFESPAN SCREEN UNCOVERS HISTONE DEACETYLASE HDA AS NOVEL REGULATOR OF AGING
Authors: Yu Ruofan , Cao Xiaohua , Dang Weiwei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this work, we set out to develop a high throughput screening method, SEBYL (SEquencing Based Yeast replicative Lifespan screen), in order to identify new aging regulators in budding yeast. By utilizing SEBYL on yeast knockout collection, we were able to identify 285 long-lived gene deletions, of which a significant portion was proven to have extended lifespan by previous classical experiments. To demonstrate the ability of our method to discover new genes and pathways involved in aging process, we focused on characterizing one newly identified long-lived candidate emerged from the screening, histone deacetylase complex HDA, and found it regulates aging through mediating stress response pathways, especially DNA damage stress response. Presence of HDA complex inhibits expression of trehalose metabolism genes, which act as stress protectant. When HDA complex is mutated, trehalose genes are de-repressed, enhancing stress response and eventually promotes longevity. In summary, we conclude SEBYL to be time and energy saving, robust, and suitable for discovery of aging regulating genes using various preexisting yeast mutant collection resource.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF FRAILTY, FEAR OF FALLING, AND DEPRESSION WITH HRQOL IN HIGH-RISK OLDER ADULTS
Authors: McKay Michelle A , Copel Linda , Todd-Magel Catherine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
One in four older adults fall every year. Falls result in negative outcomes including decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Frailty, fear of falling, depression, and HRQoL are not routinely screened in high-risk community-dwelling older adults. Continued study of modifiable fall risk factors is warranted due to varied reported prevalence rates, inconsistent definitions and the persistent high rate of falls resulting in poor HRQoL. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between frailty, fear of falling, and depression with physical and mental functioning and well-being measures of HRQoL in community-dwelling older adults 55 years of age and older. A cross-sectional correlational design and chart review were conducted. The sample consisted of 84 primarily African American (81%) nursing home eligible members of the Program for All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) program. Data were analyzed with correlational statistics, multiple linear, and hierarchical regression models. Physical functioning and well-being measures were significantly decreased when compared to the general population. Increased frailty, fear of falling, and depression were associated with decreased physical and mental well-being. In the regression model, frailty and fear of falling were significant predictors of decreased physical functioning and well-being, and depression was a significant predictor of decreased mental functioning and well-being. This study provides clarification of the relationship between frailty, fear of falling, and depression with HRQoL in high-risk older adults. Screening for common modifiable risk factors can assist in the development of targeted interventions and treatments to improve HRQoL in high-risk older adults.
BROODING MODERATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CEREBROVASCULAR BURDEN AND VASCULAR DEPRESSION
Authors: Legon Manuel Herrera , Paulson Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective: The vascular depression hypothesis posits that cerebrovascular burden confers risk for late-life depression. Though neuroanatomical correlates of vascular depression (prefrontal white matter hyperintensities) are well established, little is known about cognitive correlates; the identification of which may suggest therapeutic targets. Aims of this study are to examine the hypothesis that the relationship between cerebrovascular burden and depressive symptoms is moderated by brooding, a type of rumination. Method: A sample of 52 community-dwelling, stroke-free, individuals over the age of 70, without history of severe mental illness or dementia completed the Ruminative Responses Scale, and provided self-report (cardiac disease, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol) CVB data. The Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptomatology. Results: Results of a bootstrapped model were that self-reported measures of CVB predicted depressive symptomatology. This relationship was significantly moderated by brooding. Among older adults, those who self-reported high CVB and medium to elevated levels of rumination experienced disproportionately more depressive symptomatology. Conclusions: These findings suggest that brooding rumination may be one correlate of the vascular depression syndrome. Future research should examine neuroanatomical correlates of rumination among older adults, and further explore brooding as a therapeutic target for those with late-life depression.
SMART HOME TECHNOLOGY FOR OLDER ADULTS WITH MOBILITY DISABILITIES: POTENTIAL AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Blocker Kenneth A , Koon Lyndsie M , Kadylak Travis , Ramadhani Widya A , Khaleghi Roshanak , Kovac Christopher , Sreenivas Ramavarapu S , Rogers Wendy A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recently, there has been a significant expansion in the number of smart and connected technologies for assisting individuals with a variety of tasks within the home. Examples include digital home assistants (e.g., Amazon Echo), smart lights, smart plugs, robotic vacuums, as well as a multitude of other devices. Such technologies hold the potential to support independence for older adults with long-term mobility disabilities, as they may experience challenges engaging in daily activities. The aim of the current study was to utilize a comprehensive approach with an interdisciplinary team to improve understanding of how to integrate smart technology into older adults’ homes. We focused on identifying functionality that would be useful to them, understanding their perceptions, and developing instructional support. We conducted interviews among older adults with, and without, long-term mobility disabilities to better understand their attitudes towards digital assistants, identify needs for instructional support, and test the usability of our instructional protocol. The overall goal of this research is to improve understanding of older adults’ perceptions of these technologies and identify usability challenges within the home. The instructional protocol offers support by reducing the identified barriers to initial adoption and continued use to promote aging-in-place and improving overall quality of life for older adults with long-term mobility disabilities.
THE ROLE OF PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PRUDENT DIET INTAKE ON ALLOSTATIC LOAD AMONG OLDER ADULTS
Authors: D'Amico Danielle , Huang Vivian , Millett Geneva , Fiocco Alexandra J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Allostatic load (AL), an index of multisystem physiological dysregulation due to chronic stress, has been identified as a predictor of poor health outcomes in late life. Research suggests that perceived social support (PSS) improves health outcomes by buffering the negative effects of stress on wellbeing and increasing health promoting behaviours including consumption of a healthy prudent diet (i.e., fruits, vegetables, lean meats, nuts, and seeds). Research to date has independently demonstrated that higher PSS and prudent diet intake have an effect on AL. A paucity of research, however, has examined how dietary consumption and PSS interact to effect AL in older adults. The objective of this study was to examine the interaction between PSS and prudent diet pattern on AL in 164 non-demented, community-dwelling older adults (Mage= 68.5(.52), 64% female). PSS and diet intake were measured using the Perceived Social Support Scale and the EPIC-Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire, respectively. AL was composed of 16 biomarkers stemming from neuroendocrine, metabolic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular systems, stratified by sex. Controlling for age and usual daily energy intake, higher prudent diet consumption (B=-2.04, p=.001), but not PSS, was associated with lower AL. Moderation analysis revealed that higher prudent diet intake was associated with lower AL only for those with low PSS (B=-.83, p=.0006) and mean level of PSS (B=-.43, p=.02). These findings suggest that chronic biological stress may be mitigated by consuming a healthy diet specifically for older adults with lower social support and may further inform intervention strategies to promote healthy aging.
CHILDHOOD SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND SENSE OF CONTROL OVER COGNITIVE AGING: DO GENES MODERATE?
Authors: Reynolds Addam S , Greenfield Emily 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Individuals who lack a sense of control over cognitive aging (SOC-CA) believe little can be done to optimize their cognitive functioning. While prior research indicates that higher SOC-CA is a protective factor against age-related cognitive decline, few studies have examined predictors of change in SOC-CA. To address this gap, we used data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Guided by prior research on linkages between socioeconomic status (SES) and control beliefs, we examined childhood SES as an early life course influence on changes in SOC-CA. The analytic sample consisted of 663 White participants, ages 34 to 81, who were interviewed in 2004 and approximately nine years later. SOC-CA was measured by using three items from the Personality in Aging Context scale, and childhood SES encompassed retrospective reports of parental education and occupational status. A hierarchical linear model was estimated, which modeled SOC-CA at baseline, as well as change over the study period, controlling for gender, age, ancestry, and adult SES. While childhood SES was not associated with SOC-CA at baseline nor over time, a statistically significant gene-environment interaction was found over the 9-year study period. Specifically, participants who scored high on a polygenetic measure for cognitive ability and reported high childhood SES demonstrated a faster rate of decline in SOC-CA. These findings indicate that inter-individual differences stemming from early life influence people’s SOC-CA as they age. Overall, results suggest the importance of subgroup differences within efforts to engage individuals in preventive measures to optimize healthy brain aging.
INVESTIGATING THE INVERSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMOKING AND PARKINSON’S: EVIDENCE FROM A MULTIETHNIC COHORT
Authors: Youkhana Fadi , Wu Yanyan , Pirkle Catherine M , Hurwitz Eric , Grandinetti Andrew , Katz Alan , Wilkens Lynne R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the United States with more than 50,000 new cases annually. Studies have reported an inverse relationship between smoking status and the risk for PD. Current smoking status, the number of pack-years smoked, and the lifetime duration of smoking have all been shown to have a lower risk for PD compared to non-smokers. However, studies exploring smoking behaviors in a multiethnic cohort with an ample sample size of PD cases to analyze smoking differences between men and women are rare. Using the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC), our study included 680 self-reported cases of PD from total sample of 98,191 Blacks, Latinos, Japanese, Native Hawaiians, and Whites from Hawaii and Los Angeles surveyed in 2003-2007. Stratified by sex, we conducted a cross-sectional logistic regression analysis to examine the odds of developing PD by various smoking indicators. Overall, current smokers had the lowest risk for PD (OR=0.46, 95%CI 0.27-0.76) compared to non-smokers. The odds of developing PD gradually decreased as the number of years of smoking increased with participants that smoked for 50 years or more having the lowest odds of developing PD (OR= 0.41, 95%CI 0.22-0.78) compared to non-smokers. Using a multiethnic cohort, our analyses further supported the inverse association between PD and smoking status, as well as the number of years of smoking. Future studies are necessary to investigate the possible genetic modulation on the relationship between tobacco and PD.
AGING SEXUAL STEREOTYPES AND SEXUAL EXPRESSION IN MID- AND LATER LIFE: EXAMINING THE STEREOTYPE MATCHING EFFECT
Authors: Syme Maggie , Cohn Tracy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ageist sexual stereotypes are culturally embedded and may prohibit midlife and older adults from achieving sexual wellness when internalized over the life course (i.e., stereotype embodiment), which was examined in the current study. A cross sectional, convenience sample of 972 adults aged 50 and older was recruited online via a crowdsourcing platform. Participants completed an online survey assessing aging sexual stigma and their participation in a spectrum of sexual and intimate behaviors. Two hierarchical linear regressions examined study hypotheses predicting a) sexual and b) intimate behaviors among middle age and older adults, while accounting for several known covariates (e.g., education, relationship status, health). Results suggest that older age (β = -.24, p &lt; .001), being a woman (β = -.29, p &lt; .001), and higher levels of aging sexual stigma (β = -.30, p &lt; 0.001) were associated with less sexual activity (F(19, 945) = 32.51, p &lt; .001, R2 = 0.40). For intimate behaviors, older age (β = -0.14, p &lt; .05) and higher levels of aging sexual stigma (β = -0.24, p &lt; .001) were significantly associated with lower levels of intimate activity (F(19, 945) = 39.80, p &lt; .001, R2 = 0.45). Contrary to expectations, neither gender nor age cohort moderated the effect of aging sexual stigma. Ageist sexual stereotypes appear to affect individual sexual health and wellness via internalized beliefs. Future studies should focus on the potential malleability of aging sexual stigma beliefs, and at what point(s) in the life course they are modifiable.
EXAMINING THE NEEDS OF PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA AND FAMILY CARERS DIRECTLY AFTER THE DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Velden Claudia van der , Asch Iris van , belzen Elsemieke van 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Most often the diagnosis dementia gives people clarification, but at the same time it raises questions and causes a range of emotions. According to professionals, support for people with dementia and family carers (dyads) nowadays is mainly focused on later-stage-dementia instead on early-stage. Besides, this support is mostly about practical/medical topics and less about emotional/psychological or social topics. Studies show that it is a complex process dyads to cope with the diagnosis in their daily life directly after diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to examine the specific needs of dyads in order to support them in the early-stages after diagnosis. Focus groups, interviews and a literature-review were performed to determine these needs. Together with professionals, the findings were translated into a conversation guide, which helps professionals to have a structured dialogue on practical/medical, emotional/psychological and social topics to support dyads in an early-stage after diagnosis. An evaluation is conducted by observations and interviews with dyads and a work-session with professionals. People with dementia, their caregiver(s) and professionals experienced these conversations as very positive. Dyads indicated the type of counsellor (accessible, warm and open), timing of the conversation and topics about ‘not making the diagnosis too heavy’ and ‘sharing the diagnosis with others’ as important. The professionals were also very positive about the conversations. Important themes for them were focusing on the more personal, holistic and preventive approach in the conversations.
CHARACTERISING POLYPHARMACY IN THE VERY OLD: FINDINGS FROM THE NEWCASTLE 85+ STUDY
Authors: Davies Laurie , Kingston A , Todd Adam , Hanratty Barbara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Polypharmacy is potentially harmful and under-researched amongst the fastest growing section of society, the very old (85+). This study aimed to characterise polypharmacy using data from the Newcastle 85+ Study – a prospective cohort of people living in north east England who turned 85 in 2006 (n=845). The prevalence of polypharmacy was examined using cut-points of 0, 1, 2-4, 5-9 and ≥10 medicines – so-called ‘no polypharmacy’, ‘monotherapy’, ‘minor polypharmacy’, ‘polypharmacy’ and ‘hyperpolypharmacy.’ Crosstabulations and Upset plots identified the most frequently prescribed medicines and medication combinations within these categories, at age 85. Mixed effects models assessed whether gender and socioeconomic position were associated with prescribing changes over time (age 85.5-90.5 years). Polypharmacy (49.6%) was more common than minor polypharmacy (24.6%) and hyperpolypharmacy (16.0%). Within these categories, cardiovascular, non-opioid analgesic and gastrointestinal medications were most frequently prescribed. Medication combinations were many and varied. Aspirin and statins were most commonly co-prescribed amongst people with minor polypharmacy and polypharmacy. Non-opioid analgesics, statins, aspirin and loop diuretics were most common in hyperpolypharmacy. Medications varied by gender and socioeconomic status. Nitrates and oral anticoagulants were more frequently prescribed for men. Bisphosphonates, analgesics and antidepressants were more common in women. Cardiovascular medications, including loop diuretics, were more frequently prescribed for socioeconomically disadvantaged people (25th centile Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)), with tricyclic antidepressants and selective beta-2 agonists more common amongst the least disadvantaged (&gt;75th centile IMD). By highlighting prescribing patterns, this study informs our understanding of how polypharmacy may contribute to adverse outcomes in later life.
HEALTH CARE PRIORITIES OF OLDER KOREAN IMMIGRANTS: THROUGH THE LENS OF LIFE COURSE THEORY
Authors: Park Hyeyoung K , Docherty Sharron L , Hendrix Cristina C , Anderson Ruth A , Johnson Kimberly S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
More than half of Korean Americans living in the US are immigrants, these immigrants hold unique cultural perspectives, including collectivism and filial piety that originates from Korean culture. Every older adult has life experiences and background that build and shape their own wishes and values for their health care goals. Thus, a qualitative descriptive study was conducted using the Life Course Theory as a guiding framework to examine older Korean immigrants’ health care goals and the influence of their life courses. Twenty six interviews from 13 participants were analyzed using content thematic analysis. Study rigor was ensured by audit trail, peer debriefing, and prolonged engagement. Data were organized under five overarching themes: health care priorities, time, location, linked lives, and turning point. Older Korean immigrants valued painlessness and being independent as health care goals (Health care priorities). They experienced a dynamic historical period in Korea before immigrating to the US (Time). Once they reached the US, they were disconnected from their social support and traditional values (Location). Children and Korean churches constitute older Korean immigrants’ primary support system once in the US (Linked lives). Their tumultuous life experiences contributed to their current perspectives on health care goals and priorities (Turning point). In studies of older immigrant populations, it is important to acknowledge individual differences while simultaneously understanding the general life history and cultural background behind individuals’ values and perspectives. Life course approach provides both a contextual understanding of older adults’ backgrounds and the trajectories of their individual life courses.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SMOKING CONSUMPTION, TOBACCO CESSATION ATTITUDES, AND AGE AMONG LATINO HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS
Authors: Hervera Belén , Irarrázabal Lisette , Ferrer Lilian , Cianelli Rosina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Hospitalization is a good opportunity to offer smoking cessation programs to smokers. Healthcare providers′ (HCP) tobacco consumption and cessation attitudes are known to affect the provision of cessation interventions. Lesser known are Latino HCP’s tobacco intervention attitudes. This study aimed to examine the associations between tobacco cessation attitudes (TCA), levels of consumption, and demographics among Latino HCP’s. A quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional design was used. 66 HCP’s working in a public hospital in Santiago, Chile self-reported demographics (age, gender, profession), tobacco consumption, and TCA. TCA’s include questions regarding Acceptability of Brief Counseling (ABC), belief whether smoking is harmful for patients, and duty to aid patients quit smoking. Majority of HCP’s (34 years old, 83% female, 58.5% technical nurses, 38.5% nurses, 3.1% Kinesiologists) did not consume tobacco (67%). Pearson’s correlation revealed that greater HCP age was significantly associated with less belief that smoking is harmful for their patients (r = -.36, p. = .004). ABC (M = 22, SD = 5.5) was positively associated with the belief that smoking is harmful for patients (r = .306, p = .016) and duty to help patients quit smoking (r = .574, p = .000). Findings provide evidence that HCP’s TCA’s are important factors to consider during implementation of a brief counseling for tobacco cessation. Further research should focus on increasing HCP’s acceptability of providing cessation care to their patients. Specifically, tailoring education and interventions by age might serve useful to address the differences in TCA’s which may subsequently influence their tobacco cessation practices.