bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in cecal morphology, cell proliferation, antioxidant enzyme, volatile fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide, and cytokines in piglets during the postweaning period
Authors: Deng Qingqing , Tan Xian , Wang Huiru , Wang Qiye , Huang Pengfei , Li Yali , Li Jianzhong , Huang Jing , Yang Huansheng , Yin Yulong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Weaning stresses often induce markedly structural and functional changes in the small intestine. However, little data are available on the changes of the morphology, function, and health in the cecum of piglets post-weaning. This study was conducted to measure the effects of weaning on the cecum in piglets. Forty piglets were weaned at 21 d and samples were collected at different time points (days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14) post-weaning. The crypt depth, crypt width, and total epithelial cell numbers increased on days 7 and 14, compared with days 0, 1, and 3 (P &lt; 0.001). The value of Ki67/total epithelial cells was highest on day 0 compared with all other days (P &lt; 0.05). Besides, a higher concentration of malondialdehyde was observed on day 3 (P &lt; 0.001). The activity of CuZn-superoxide dismutase (P &lt; 0.05) enhanced from day 0 to 1 and the activity of catalase increased from day 1 to 3 (P &lt; 0.001). In addition, days 3, 7, and 14 had greater acetic, propanoic, and butyric acid contents than on day 1 (P &lt; 0.001). The pH and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) expression increased from day 0 to 1 and from day 3 to 7 and decreased between days 1 and 3 (P &lt; 0.001). The mRNA expression of solute carrier family 9 member A3 (SLC9A3) decreased on day 1 compared to all other postweaning days (P &lt; 0.05). The abundance of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mRNA expression increased (P &lt; 0.05) during the first 24 h after weaning. The concentration of lipopolysaccharide increased from day 3 to 7, then decreased on day 14 (P &lt; 0.05). The mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) enhanced from day 7 to 14 (P &lt; 0.05). The abundance of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin protein was lower on day 14 than day 0 (P &lt; 0.05). Taken together, these results show that weaning in piglets influences intestinal morphology, function, and health in the cecum.
Interactions of DEET and Novel Repellents With Mosquito Odorant Receptors
Authors: Grant Gariel G , Estrera Rachel R , Pathak Narendra , Hall C Dennis , Tsikolia Maia , Linthicum Kenneth J , Bernier Ulrich R , Hall Adam C 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe carboxamide N,N-di-ethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) is the most effective and widely used insect repellent today. However, drawbacks concerning the efficacy and the safety of the repellent have led to efforts to design new classes of insect repellents. Through quantitative structure–activity relationships, chemists have discovered two chemical groups of novel repellents: the acylpiperidines and the carboxamides, with the acylpiperidines generally more potent in biological assays. Although the exact mechanism of action of DEET and other repellents has not yet been thoroughly elucidated, previous research shows that the activity of insect odorant receptors are inhibited in the presence of repellents. The present electrophysiological study employs two-electrode voltage clamp with Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing AgOR2/AgOrco and AgOR8/AgOrco receptors to assess the effects of the novel repellents on Anopheles gambiae Giles (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito odorant receptors. The novel acylpiperidines and carboxamides reversibly inhibited (12–91%) odorant-evoked currents from both AgOR2/AgOrco and AgOR8/AgOrco receptors in a dose-dependent manner at all tested concentrations (30 μM to 1 mM). Furthermore, all the novel agents were more potent inhibitors of the receptors than DEET, with the acylpiperidines producing on average greater inhibition than the carboxamides. Interestingly, there was a correlation (r2 = 0.72) between the percentage inhibition of AgOR2/AgOrco receptor currents and protection times of the acylpiperidines. Our results add to existing evidence that the repellency of a compound is linked to its ability to disrupt the insect olfactory system and that the acylpiperidines could represent a class of more effective alternatives to the current gold standard, DEET.
Dissecting mechanisms in root growth from the transition zone perspective
Authors: Salvi Elena , Di Mambro Riccardo , Sabatini Sabrina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe root of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana is a dynamic structure in which cells continuously divide and differentiate to sustain its postembryonic undetermined growth. Cells at different developmental stages are organized in distinguished zones whose position and activities are maintained constant during root growth. In this review, we will discuss the latest discoveries on the regulatory networks involved in root zonation and, in particular, in the mechanisms involved in maintaining the position of the transition zone, a root developmental boundary. Developmental boundaries physically divide cells with different functions and identities. The transition zone separates dividing cells from differentiating cells in two functional domains, preserving their identity during root growth and thus controlling root development.
The global environment of small galaxy systems
Authors: Duplancic Fernanda , Dávila-Kurbán Federico , Coldwell Georgina V , Alonso Sol , Galdeano Daniela 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
The main goal of this work is to investigate the influence of environment at different scales on the properties of galaxies in systems with a low number of members. To this end, we used a catalogue of small galaxy systems comprising compact and locally isolated pairs, triplets, and groups with four and up to six galaxies. We consider fixed aperture estimators and found that at scales lower than 5 ${\ \rm Mpc}$ pairs are associated to lower density environments than triplets and groups. Moreover, a nearest neighbour approach highlights that triplets prefer denser environments than pairs and slightly less dense environments than groups. When considering the position within the cosmic web we found that pairs and triplets in our sample are associated to void environments while galaxy groups are more likely to reside in void walls. In agreement with these results, the system-galaxy cross-correlation function shows that pairs inhabit environments of lesser density compared to triplets and groups, and on small scales ($\lt\! 3{\ \rm Mpc}$) triplets appear to behave as an intermediate system. Related to the properties of neighbour galaxies of small systems we found that the neighbours of groups present a lower fractions of star-forming, young stellar population, and blue colour galaxies with respect to neighbours of triplet and pair systems. These results suggest that differences in the properties of galaxies in pairs, triplets, and groups are not only related to the existence of an extra galaxy member but also to the large-scale environment inhabited by the systems.
Discovery of a new supernova remnant G21.8−3.0
Authors: Gao X Y , Reich P , Reich W , Hou L G , Han J L 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Sensitive radio continuum surveys of the Galactic plane are ideal for discovering new supernova remnants (SNRs). From the Sino-German λ6-cm polarization survey of the Galactic plane, an extended shell-like structure has been found at ℓ = 21${^{\circ}_{.}}$8, b = −3${^{\circ}_{.}}$0, which has a size of about 1°. New observations were made with the Effelsberg 100-m radio telescope at λ11 cm to estimate the source spectrum, together with Urumqi λ6-cm and Effelsberg λ21-cm data. The spectral index of G21.8−3.0 was found to be α = −0.72 ± 0.16. Polarized emission was mostly detected in the eastern half of G21.8−3.0 at both λ6 and λ11 cm. These properties, together with the Hα filament along its northern periphery and the lack of infrared emission, indicate that the emission is non-thermal, as is usual in shell-type SNRs.
Order–disorder phase transition in black hole star clusters – III. A mono-energetic cluster
Authors: Tremaine Scott 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Supermassive black holes at the centres of galaxies are often surrounded by dense star clusters. For a wide range of cluster properties and orbital radii the resonant relaxation times in these clusters are much shorter than the Hubble time. Since resonant relaxation conserves semimajor axes, these clusters should be in the maximum-entropy state consistent with the given semimajor axis distribution. We determine these maximum-entropy equilibria in a simplified model in which all of the stars have the same semimajor axes. We find that the cluster exhibits a phase transition from a disordered, spherical, high-temperature equilibrium to an ordered low-temperature equilibrium in which the stellar orbits have a preferred orientation or line of apsides. Here ‘temperature’ is a measure of the non-Keplerian or self-gravitational energy of the cluster; in the spherical state, temperature is a function of the rms eccentricity of the stars. We explore a simple two-parameter model of black hole star clusters – the two parameters are semimajor axis and black hole mass – and find that clusters are susceptible to the lopsided phase transition over a range of ∼102 in semimajor axis, mostly for black hole masses $\lesssim 10^{7.5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$.
Wolf–Rayet stars in M 81 using GTC/OSIRIS: seven new detections, analysis, and classification of the full sample
Authors: Gómez-González V M A , Mayya Y D , Rosa-González D , Rodríguez-Merino L H , Toalá J A , Alvarez C 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the detection of seven new Wolf–Rayet (WR) star locations in M 81 using the Multi-Object Spectrograph of the OSIRIS instrument at Gran Telescopio Canarias. These detections are the result of a follow-up of an earlier study using the same instrumental set-up that resulted in the detection of 14 WR locations. We analyse the entire sample of 21 spectra to classify them to one of the known WR sub-types using template spectra of WR stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), with similar metallicity to M 81. Taking into consideration the dispersion in the strengths of the bumps for a given WR sub-type, we found that 19 of the 21 locations correspond to individual stars, including all the seven new detections, of sub-types: WNL, WNE, WCE, and the transitional WN/C. None of the detections correspond to WCL or WO types. The positions of these stars in the red bump versus blue bump luminosity diagram agrees well with an evolutionary path according to the Conti scenario. Based on this, we propose this diagram as a straightforward tool for spectral classification of extragalactic WR sources. The detection of individual WR stars in M 81, which is at a distance of 3.6 Mpc, opens up a new environment for testing the massive star evolutionary models.
A Markov chain Monte Carlo approach for measurement of jet precession in radio-loud active galactic nuclei
Authors: Horton Maya A , Hardcastle Martin J , Read Shaun C , Krause Martin G H 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Jet precession can reveal the presence of binary systems of supermassive black holes. The ability to accurately measure the parameters of jet precession from radio-loud active galactic nuclei is important for constraining the binary supermassive black hole population, which is expected as a result of hierarchical galaxy evolution. The age, morphology, and orientation along the line of sight of a given source often result in uncertainties regarding the jet path. This paper presents a new approach for efficient determination of precession parameters using a two-dimensional Markov chain Monte Carlo curve-fitting algorithm that provides us a full posterior probability distribution on the fitted parameters. Applying the method to Cygnus A, we find evidence for previous suggestions that the source is precessing. Interpreting in the context of binary black holes leads to a constraint of parsec scale and likely sub-parsec orbital separation for the putative supermassive binary.
Hawaii Two-0: high-redshift galaxy clustering and bias
Authors: Beck Róbert , McPartland Conor , Repp Andrew , Sanders David , Szapudi István 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We perform an analysis of two-point galaxy clustering and galaxy bias using Subaru Hyper-Suprime Cam (HSC) data taken jointly by the Subaru Strategic Program and the University of Hawaii in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field over an area of 1.8 sq deg. The depth of the data is similar to the ongoing Hawaii Two-0 (H20) optical galaxy survey, thus the results are indicative of future constraints from tenfold area. We measure the angular autopower spectra of the galaxy overdensity in three redshift bins, defined by dropouts from the g, r, and i bands, and compare them to the theoretical expectation from concordance cosmology with linear galaxy bias. We determine the redshift distribution of each bin using a standard template-based photometric redshift method, coupled with a self-organizing map to quantify colour space coverage. We also investigate sources of systematic errors to inform the methodology and requirements for H20. The linear galaxy bias fit results are $b_{\mathrm{gal,g}} = 3.90 \pm 0.33 (\mathrm{stat}) \substack{ +0.64 \\ -0.24 } (\mathrm{sys})$ at redshift z ≃ 3.7, $b_{\mathrm{gal,r}} = 8.44 \pm 0.63 (\mathrm{stat}) \substack{ +1.42 \\ -0.72 } (\mathrm{sys})$ at z ≃ 4.7, and $b_{\mathrm{gal,i}} = 11.94 \pm 2.24 (\mathrm{stat}) \substack{ +1.82 \\ -1.27 } (\mathrm{sys})$ at z ≃ 5.9.
Spin clusters inside four young asteroid groups
Authors: Carruba V , Ramos L G M , Spoto F 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Asteroid groups may either form because of collisions or because of spin induced fission. Recently it has been shown that young spin clusters tend to form more frequently in young collisional families than in older groups. Here, we study the occurrence of spin clusters inside four very recently identified asteroid groups: the (525) Adelaide, (2258) Viipuri, (6142) Tantawi, and (18429) (1994 AO1) groups. Using combinations of techniques based on backward numerical simulations, we identify four spin pairs among the family members. All groups have fractions of observed spin clusters well above 5 per cent, so confirming an observed trend for other young asteroid groups. The (2258) Viipuri and (18429) (1994 AO1) groups are compatible with an origin as a spin clusters themselves, and could be other occurrences of cascade spin clusters, as recently detected in other asteroid groups. Finally, the separation between collisional asteroid families and spin clusters in domains of dispersion of proper semimajor axis, σa, versus age seems to be more complex than previously thought. While spin clusters tend to be much more compact in proper elements than collisional families, there appears to be a transition region in σa where both the groups be found.
Recent advances in the synthesis of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials for energy and environmental applications
Authors: Zhang Wei , Tian Yong , He Haili , Xu Li , Li Wei , Zhao Dongyuan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Because of their low cost, natural abundance, environmental benignity, plentiful polymorphs, good chemical stability and excellent optical properties, TiO2 materials are of great importance in the areas of physics, chemistry and material science. Much effort has been devoted to the synthesis of TiO2 nanomaterials for various applications. Among them, mesoporous TiO2 materials, especially with hierarchically porous structures, show great potential owing to their extraordinarily high surface areas, large pore volumes, tunable pore structures and morphologies, and nanoscale effects. This review aims to provide an overview of the synthesis and applications of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials. In the first section, the general synthetic strategies for hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials are reviewed. After that, we summarize the architectures of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials, including nanofibers, nanosheets, microparticles, films, spheres, core-shell and multi-level structures. At the same time, the corresponding mechanisms and the key factors for the controllable synthesis are highlighted. Following this, the applications of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials in terms of energy storage and environmental protection, including photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, photocatalytic fuel generation, photoelectrochemical water splitting, catalyst support, lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries, are discussed. Finally, we outline the challenges and future directions of research and development in this area.
Limited Positive Predictive Value of β-d-Glucan in Hematologic Patients Receiving Antimold Prophylaxis
Authors: Chang Euijin , Kim Taek Soo , Kang Chang Kyung , Jun Kang Il , Shin Dongyeop , Koh Youngil , Hong Junshik , Choe Pyoeng Gyun , Park Wan Beom , Kim Nam-Joong , Yoon Sung-Soo , Kim Inho , Oh Myoung-don 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Diagnostic value of β-d-glucan (BDG) in populations with low prevalence of invasive fungal infection (IFI), such as hematologic patients receiving antimold prophylaxis, should be re-evaluated.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed episodes with BDG results in hematologic patients receiving antimold prophylaxis from January 2017 to August 2019 in a tertiary hospital. The episodes were classified as true positive ([TP] positive BDG with IFI), true negative ([TN] negative BDG without IFI), false positive ([FP] positive BDG without IFI), false negative ([FN] negative BDG with IFI), and nonevaluable.

Results
A total of 203 episodes were analyzed: 101 episodes (49.8%) were from stem cell transplants, 89 (43.8%) were from induction chemotherapy, and 13 (6.4%) were from graft-versus-host disease treatment. There were 62 nonevaluable episodes. Among 141 evaluable ones, there were 8 (5.7%) episodes of probable/proven IFI. True positive, TN, FP, and FN cases were 4 (2.8%), 112 (79.4%), 21 (14.9%), and 4 (2.8%) episodes, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 50.0%, 84.2%, 16.1%, and 96.5%, respectively. Positive predictive value was 26.7% and 0.0% in diagnostic and surveillance episodes, respectively.

Conclusions
β-d-glucan test should be used to exclude IFI rather than for diagnosis in these patients.
Radiation-induced pemphigus in a patient with an invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: a case report
Authors: Crocker Charles 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A 72-year-old woman with a known history of breast cancer was treated with adjuvant external beam radiation therapy. She initially developed radiation field localized blistering and erosions of the skin, before developing more widespread lesions. Immunofluorescence confirmed pemphigus vulgaris, which was responsive to corticosteroids. Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune blistering disease of the skin that can rarely be associated with exposure to ionizing radiation.
Modified Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy for a Previously Coiled Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Clip occlusion of previously coiled aneurysms poses unique technical challenges. The coil mass can complicate aneurysm neck access and clip tine approximation. This patient had a previously ruptured anterior communicating artery (ACOM) aneurysm that had been treated with coil embolization. On follow-up evaluation, the patient was found to have a recurrence of the aneurysm, which prompted an orbitozygomatic craniotomy for clip occlusion. The approach provided a favorable view of the aneurysm neck with the coil mass protruding outside the aneurysm dome. Indocyanine green fluoroscopy was used to assist with ideal permanent clip placement along the aneurysm neck. The segment of coils present outside the aneurysm neck was removed to reduce mass effect on the optic chiasm. Postoperative imaging demonstrated aneurysm obliteration. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Incidence of Extravascular Perivertebral Artery Contrast Flow During Cervical Transforaminal Epidural Injections
Authors: Levin Joshua , Mohan Manoj , Levi David , Horn Scott , Smuck Matthew 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
During a cervical transforaminal epidural injection, injectate flows along the path of least resistance. Given the proximity of the vertebral artery to the intervertebral foramen, injected contrast may flow along the external wall of the artery. The incidence of this contrast flow pattern during cervical transforaminal epidural injections is unknown.

Purpose
To determine the incidence of extravascular perivertebral artery contrast flow patterns during cervical transforaminal epidural injections.

Study Design/Setting
Retrospective, observational, in vivo study.

Patient Sample
Patients receiving cervical transforaminal epidural injections at a single outpatient spine clinic.

Outcome Measures
The presence or absence of extravascular perivertebral artery contrast flow.

Methods
The saved images from 100 consecutive patients were reviewed by two independent observers and classified with or without extravascular perivertebral artery contrast flow. The incidence was determined and kappa was used to examine inter-rater reliability. All disagreements were reviewed, and the final classification was determined by consensus.

Results
The inter-rater reliability was moderate, with a kappa value of 0.69. The incidence of extravascular perivertebral artery contrast flow patterns was 49% by consensus. No statistically significant differences in incidence were present when comparing three different final needle tip positions.

Conclusions
During a cervical transforaminal epidural injection, an extravascular perivertebral artery contrast flow pattern is frequently encountered. This includes flow along the exiting nerve and then around the vertebral artery, as suggested by this study. Although this contrast pattern does not represent an intravascular injection into the vertebral artery, practitioners should remain cautious to exclude intravascular needle placement before injecting medication.
How Policy-Specific Factors Influence Horizontal Cooperation among Subnational Governments: Evidence from the Swiss Water Sector
Authors: Fischer Manuel , Jager Nicolas W 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHorizontal cooperation among political systems is crucial for addressing large-scale and boundary-crossing policy problems. This article introduces and analyzes policy-specific factors that help to explain horizontal cooperation among subnational-governments. It thereby builds on but specifies arguments from the literature on horizontal federalism that has usually been focusing on general institutional and societal factors to explain cooperation. These factors capture how a given policy problem unfolds (problem pressure), the ways in which subnational governments are exposed to and experience its consequences in similar or unequal ways (functional interdependencies and their symmetry), and how the issues are treated domestically (problem awareness). We illustrate the potential importance of these factors by analyzing treaties among Swiss substates in the water domain and relying on network analytic methods. We find that problem awareness and functional interdependencies and their (a)symmetries are important, whereas problem pressure has a mixed influence, depending on the issue area.