bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary dynamics of SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein and its consequences
Authors: Rahman M. Shaminur , Islam M. Rafiul , Alam A. S. M. Rubayet Ul , Islam Israt , Hoque M. Nazmul , Akter Salma , Rahaman Md. Mizanur , Sultana Munawar , Hossain M. Anwar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe emerged novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has created a global health crisis that warrants an accurate and detailed characterization of the rapidly evolving viral genome for understanding its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and containment. Here, we explored 61,485 sequences of the nucleocapsid (N) protein, a potent diagnostic and prophylactic target, for identifying the mutations to review their roles in real‐time polymerase chain reaction based diagnosis and observe consequent impacts. Compared to the Wuhan reference strain, a total of 1034 unique nucleotide mutations were identified in the mutant strains (49.15%, n = 30,221) globally. Of these mutations, 367 occupy primer binding sites including the 3′‐end mismatch to the primer‐pair of 11 well‐characterized primer sets. Noteworthily, CDC (USA) recommended the N2 primer set contained a lower mismatch than the other primer sets. Moreover, 684 amino acid (aa) substitutions were located across 317 (75.66% of total aa) unique positions including 82, 21, and 83 of those in the RNA binding N‐terminal domain (NTD), SR‐rich region, and C‐terminal dimerization domain, respectively. Moreover, 11 in‐frame deletions, mostly (n = 10) within the highly flexible linker region, were revealed, and the rest was within the NTD region. Furthermore, we predicted the possible consequence of high‐frequency mutations (≥20) and deletions on the tertiary structure of the N protein. Remarkably, we observed that a high frequency (67.94% of mutated sequences) co‐occuring mutations (R203K and G204R) destabilized and decreased overall structural flexibility. The N protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 comprises an average of 1.2 mutations per strain compared to 4.4 and 0.4 in Middle East respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus and SARS‐CoV, respectively. Despite being proposed as the alternative target to spike protein for vaccine and therapeutics, the ongoing evolution of the N protein may challenge these endeavors, thus needing further immunoinformatics analyses. Therefore, continuous monitoring is required for tracing the ongoing evolution of the SARS‐CoV‐2 N protein in prophylactic and diagnostic interventions.
Prevalence of Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Pediatric Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Strum David , Kapoor Elina , Shim Timothy , Kim Sunny , Sabetrasekh Parisa , Monfared Ashkan 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) attributable to Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) in the global pediatric population and to identify factors contributing to its severity.Study DesignMeta‐analysis.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive literature search for scientific articles in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library that reported the incidence of hearing loss in populations under 18 years of age with excluding studies analyzing patients on iron chelation therapy, adults, or those without objective audiological analysis.ResultsWe identified 138 initial studies with 17 selected for analysis after applying the exclusion criteria. A total of 1,282 SCD patients and 553 controls were included in the meta‐analysis. There was a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of SNHL in children with SCD compared to the general population with a cumulative risk ratio of 3.33.ConclusionThis is the first systematic investigation of the relationship between SCD and SNHL in pediatric patients across the globe. The increased prevalence of SNHL in the pediatric SCD population warrants future research into the predictors of SNHL severity and merits routine audiometric monitoring of SCD patients to reduce the social and developmental morbidity of hearing loss at a young age.PROSPERO Registration #: CRD42019132601. Laryngoscope, 131:1147–1156, 2021
Early spring prescribed burning in mixedPinus halepensisMill. andPinus pinasterAit. stands reduced biological soil functionality in the short term
Authors: Plaza‐Álvarez Pedro Antonio , Moya Daniel , Lucas‐Borja Manuel Esteban , García‐Orenes Fuensanta , González‐Romero Javier , Rossa Carlos , Peña Esther , De las Heras Jorge 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study evaluates the effects of prescribed burnings on soil physico‐chemical and biological properties in the short term. This practice is still in the process of evaluation and its effect on Mediterranean pine forests is not understood completely. Prescribed burning was carried out in three plots of mixedPinus halepensisandPinus pinasterstands in Castilla‐La Mancha (Spain) while monitoring soil temperature. Vegetation coverage was measured and soil samples were taken before, immediately after and 1 year after burning. Texture, pH, soil electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, potassium, basal soil respiration, microbial biomass carbon content and enzymatic activities of urease, dehydrogenase, phosphatase, and β‐glucosidase were evaluated by generalized linear models, and a principal component analysis was used to reveal the relations between variables. The vegetation cover was reduced by 85% after fire. Soil organic carbon increased immediately after burning to return to the previous values one year later. Phosphorous and cationic exchange capacity increased immediately after burning and remained high one year later, while electrical conductivity and sodium were significantly lower after a year. Basal soil respiration and glucosidase were not affected by prescribed burning. Microbial biomass carbon, urease, phosphatase, and dehydrogenase had significantly lowered one year after burning. Our results show that prescribed burning managed to decrease the vegetation cover of the understory while it also reduced soil biological functions in areas with poorly developed soil and a dry climate, where recovery periods can be longer than expected.
Artificial boundary conditions for linearized stationary incompressible viscous flow around rotating and translating body
Authors: Deuring P. , Kračmar S. , Nečasová Š. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider the linearized and nonlinear stationary incompressible flow around rotating and translating body in the exterior domain , where is open and bounded, with Lipschitz boundary. We derive the pointwise estimates for the pressure in both cases. Moreover, we consider the linearized problem in a truncation domain of the exterior domain under certain artificial boundary conditions on the truncating boundary , and then compare this solution with the solution in the exterior domain to get the truncation error estimate.
A New Estimator to Correct for Bias from Tag Rate Expansion on Natural-Origin Fish Attributes in Mixed-Stock Analysis Using Parentage-Based Tagging
Authors: Delomas Thomas A. , Hess Jon E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In fisheries where hatchery- and natural-origin conspecifics occur as mixed stocks, it is often important to estimate both the natural-origin proportion of the mixture and the composition of attributes within the natural-origin portion (e.g., genetic stock, sex, and age-class). These estimates are facilitated by parentage-based tagging, which allows large numbers of hatchery fish to be efficiently tagged and later identified. When tag rates are less than 100%, the untagged fish in the mixture include both untagged hatchery fish and natural-origin fish. Unbiased estimation of the abundance and attribute composition of the natural-origin portion requires an estimator that accounts for tag rates. Two estimators are described: one “accounting-style” estimator similar to previously described approaches and one maximum likelihood method. These estimators were evaluated and compared using simulations mimicking estimation of the composition of fish migrating past a dam. The two estimators performed similarly at reducing bias when tag rates were high, but the maximum likelihood method had smaller mean square error when tag rates were low. We provide an R package to allow usage of this estimator in a wide variety of fisheries applications.
Let students pay for their higher education: Debate concerning free and subsidized education based on sunk cost theory
Authors: Bhayani Ali 
Published: October 2020

Governments across the world are grappling with the question about the funding of subsidized higher education (HE). Critics of free or subsidized HE have argued that higher rate of return of graduates serves as enough extrinsic motivation, adding, to the argument that the free or subsidized HE results in lack of intrinsic motivation. Further, critics support their assertion by citing lagging academic performance in countries where HE is free or heavily subsidized. Proponents of the state funding have cited the role of externalities and equal opportunities as the reason for subsidized HE. This study has used sunk cost theory to understand whether making students pay for their own education would impact on their performance and retention by enhancing intrinsic motivation in addition to analyzing the role of parents and the culture. Results indicate that students are impacted by sunk cost fallacy, as opposed to the earlier findings by Ketel et al. (2016), and that making them shoulder part of the tuition fees in form of contribution or student loans would result in “selection effects” where some sort of positive fee (after scholarships and grants) is paid by the students.
Ecosystem services enhanced through soundscape management link people and wildlife
Authors: Levenhagen Mitchell J. , Miller Zachary D. , Petrelli Alissa R. , Ferguson Lauren A. , Shr Yau‐Huo (Jimmy) , Gomes Dylan G. E. , Taff Brendan D. , White Crow , Fristrup Kurt , Monz Christopher , McClure Christopher J. W. , Newman Peter , Francis Clinton D. , Barber Jesse R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Burgeoning urbanization, development and human activities have led to reduced opportunities for nature experience in quiet acoustic environments. Increasing noise affects both humans and wildlife alike.

We experimentally altered human‐caused sound levels in a paired study using informational signs that encouraged quiet behaviours in week‐on, week‐off blocks on the trail system of Muir Woods National Monument, California, USA to test if the soundscape influences both wildlife and human experiences.

Using continuous measurements from acoustic recording units (n = 13) spatially distributed within the park, we found signs significantly lowered sound levels by approximately 1.2 decibels (A‐weighted), thereby increasing listening area by 24% and bird availability by approximately 5.8% for every 1 decibel decrease.

Visitor‐intercept surveys (n = 537) revealed that our mitigation increased the number of birds perceived by visitors, rankings of soundscape pleasantness, and importantly, preferences for soundscape management.

By lowering human‐caused sound levels, we created an acoustic environment equivalent to a ~21% reduction in visitors. The positive feedback cycle we describe may lead to increased conservation support in a time when the extinction of nature experience looms.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Printing perfusable and permeable vascular structure by controlled cross‐linking
Authors: Deng Quanfeng , Luo Yong , Zhang Xiuli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVascular structure is indispensable for nutrition supply of 3D bioprinted organs. Coaxial extrusion is a routine way to generate vascular structure, however, the tubular size is fixed in this case. This study presented a simple and flexible method to develop perfusable and permeable vascular structure with controllable tubular diameter and wall thickness. A 3D bioprinter was used to extrude a gelatin/sodium alginate rod into the CaCl2 solution. The polymerization occurred from outside to inside of the rod extruded. Then, the rod extruded was pulled out from the CaCl2 solution and ceased polymerization. After washed away the inner uncross‐linked part, a tube was obtained. The tubular diameter and wall thickness can be controlled by adjusting polymerization time. Finally, a layer of endothelial cells (HUVECs) was attached on the surface of the inner wall of the extruded tube using a novel sacrificial method.
Tolerability and efficacy of two doses of aerosolized albuterol in ventilated infants with BPD: A randomized controlled crossover trial
Authors: Napolitano Natalie , Dysart Kevin , Soorikian Leane , Zhang Huayan , Panitch Howard , Jensen Erik 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRationaleAerosolized albuterol is widely used, but its tolerability and efficacy in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (sBPD) is not well established.ObjectivesTo compare the tolerability and efficacy of two dose levels of aerosolized albuterol to saline placebo in infants with sBPD.MethodsSingle‐center, multiple‐crossover trial in 24 ventilated very preterm infants with sBPD. Albuterol (1.25 mg, 2.5 mg) and 3 ml of normal saline were administered every 4 h during separate 24‐h treatment periods assigned in random order with a 6‐h washout phase between periods. The primary outcome was the absolute change (post and pretherapy) in expiratory flow at 75% of exhalation (EF75). Secondary endpoints were changes in ventilator parameters, vital signs, and heart arrhythmia.ResultsAverage within subject EF75 values improved with each therapy: saline placebo ( + 0.45 L/min ± 2.5, p = .04), 1.25 mg of albuterol ( + 0.70 L/min ± 2.4, p < .001), and 2.5 mg of albuterol ( + 0.38 L/min ± 2.4, p = .06). However, 1.25 mg of albuterol (0.26 L/min; 95% CI −0.19, 0.72) and 2.5 mg (−0.10 L/min; 95% CI −0.77, 0.57) produced similar changes in EF75 when compared to saline. All secondary outcomes were similar between saline and 1.25 mg of albuterol. Peak inspiratory pressure needed to deliver goal tidal volumes (7.5% relative decrease, 95% CI 2.6, 12.3) and heart rate (6.5% increase, 95% CI 2.2, 10.8) differed significantly between albuterol 2.5 mg and saline.ConclusionAlbuterol at 1.25 mg and 2.5 mg, compared to aerosolized saline, did not affect EF75 in infants with sBPD receiving invasive ventilation. Greater improvement in peak inspiratory pressures with albuterol 2.5 mg suggests benefit, but close heart monitoring may be indicated.
Librarian perspectives on the role of virtual reality in public libraries
Authors: Lee Kung Jin , King W. E. , Dahya Negin , Lee Jin Ha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper explores librarians’ perception of virtual reality as well as opportunities and challenges associated with implementing VR in public libraries. We interviewed 36 librarians who developed and offered VR programs as part of the research project, before and after the programming. The findings show how VR may be used in the public library as a learning tool and technology that encourages social interactions. Librarians discuss how the unique qualities of VR such as immersion and interactivity of VR makes it different from other digital media and present a different set of potential challenges when offered in the library. Librarians observed that while VR has a lot of potential as a technology for learning and social engagement, the success also largely depends on the VR content as well as the librarian's strategy for recruitment and promotion. In addition, we found that librarians had different understandings of what constitutes learning as well as how marginalized communities might benefit from this technology. The librarians we interviewed faced many challenges, however, our analysis of their experiences offers insight into designing successful VR programming in public libraries.
Response tonon‐response: How people react when their smartphone messages and calls are ignored
Authors: Agarwal Naresh Kumar , Lu Wenqing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSmartphone‐mediated communication has become the norm for a lot of people over the last two decades. It's common to see people spend a large part of their days glued to their smartphones, maintaining constant connectivity through sending and receiving messages and calls. However, people, almost daily, experience their closed ones or professional contacts not responding to certain messages and phone calls from them. The objective of this project is to investigate the non‐response behavior and the anxiety that people experience when their messages or calls are not responded to, and the resulting adverse effect on communication. Through interviews of 24 smartphone users, we found that the majority of the participants, especially those very active on social media, were highly affected by non‐response. By better understanding individual reactions to non‐response, the study recommends solutions and a framework for effective communication using smartphones. The study demonstrates how relationships play out in smartphone‐based communication, and what we could do to make them better. The study will inform the youth, parents, teachers, employers, and the society as a whole, as we embrace changes brought about by smartphone‐mediated communication.
Good systems, bad data?: Interpretations of AI hype and failures
Authors: Slota Stephen C. , Fleischmann Kenneth R. , Greenberg Sherri , Verma Nitin , Cummings Brenna , Li Lan , Shenefiel Chris 
Published: October 2020

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML), is widely viewed as having substantial transformative potential across society, and novel implementations of these technologies promise new modes of living, working, and community engagement. Data and the algorithms that operate upon it thus operate under an expansive ethical valence, bearing consequence to both the development of these potentially transformative technologies and our understanding of how best to manage and support its impact. This paper reports upon an interview‐driven study of stakeholders engaged with technology development, policy, and law relating to AI. Among our participating stakeholders, unexpected outcomes and flawed implementations of AI, especially those leading to negative social consequences, are often attributed to ill‐structured, incomplete, or biased data, and the algorithms and interpretations that might produce negative social consequence are seen as neutrally representing the data, or otherwise blameless in that consequence. We propose a more complex infrastructural view of the tools, data, and operation of AI systems as necessary to the production of social good, and explore how representations of the successes and failures of these systems, even among experts, tend to valorize algorithmic analysis and locate fault at the quality of the data rather than the implementation of systems.
The use of ICT during COVID‐19
Authors: Yang Shengnan , Fichman Pnina , Zhu Xiaohua , Sanfilippo Madelyn , Li Shijuan , Fleischmann Kenneth R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractICTs are pivotal in the existing social order and especially during the COVID‐19 global pandemic. This panel focuses on the use of ICTs by different actors, including individuals, nonprofit organizations, and governments around the globe in responding to this COVID crisis. We tackle three essential questions about ICTs and the global crisis. First, what role do ICTs play in a global crisis? Second, how do ICTs affect social order when tensions between control, autonomy, and power shift? Third, what are the theoretical and practical implications of ICT use during a global health crisis? Each of the panelists will discuss their ongoing research in social informatics or health informatics as relates to the panel theme and central questions in order to provide a holistic view of the role of ICTs during this global pandemic.
Using text classification to improve annotation quality by improving annotator consistency
Authors: Ishita Emi , Fukuda Satoshi , Tomiura Yoichi , Oard Douglas W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents results of experiments in which annotators were asked to selectively reexamine their decisions when those decisions seemed inconsistent. The annotation task was binary topic classification. To operationalize the concept of annotation consistency, a text classifier was trained on all manual annotations made during a complete first pass and then used to automatically recode every document. Annotators were then asked to perform a second manual pass, limiting their attention to cases in which their first annotation disagreed with the text classifier. On average across three annotators, each working independently, 11% of first pass annotations were reconsidered, 46% of reconsidered annotations were changed in the second pass, and 71% of changed annotations agreed with decisions made independently by an experienced fourth annotator. The net result was that for an 11% average increase in annotation cost it was possible to increase overall chance corrected agreement with the annotation decisions of an experienced annotator (as measured by kappa) from 0.70 to 0.75.
A review oftruth‐defaulttheory: Implications for information behavior research
Authors: Zimmerman T. , Njeri M. , Khader M. , Allen J. , Rosellini A. , Eaves T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDetermining truth and accuracy of information is a key challenge in today's fast‐paced, global information economy dominated by social media. The field of Information Science, while publishing extensively on information seeking and use, has not done sufficient research into how individuals detect falsehood or deception in information they encounter. This paper describes Levine's Truth‐Default Theory (TDT) and links information behavior (IB) research to three vital aspects of the theory. Furthermore, this work demonstrates how TDT can be merged with T.D. Wilson's General Theory of Information Behavior, applying decades of research on deception detection to foundational IB theory. Implications of marrying these two ideas are discussed as well as suggestions for future research.
Biomedical knowledge discovery based on Sentence‐BERT
Authors: Shen Si , Liu Xiao , Sun Hao , Wang Dongbbo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the advent of the big data era, the volume of biomedical information grows exponentially, which means that the researchers have to spend a large amount of time in biomedical information mining. Effective mining of biomedical information and building the knowledge graph in the biomedical field are of high importance for biomedical knowledge discovery. In this study, datasets were constructed by using the text similarity corpus of CDD. The average Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated by using the Sentence‐BERT model with sentence embeddings. Then a comparison was performed among the wordnet‐based similarity method (WBSM), UMLS‐based similarity method (UBSM), and the combination of these two methods. The results showed that the average Pearson correlation r calculated by the Sentence‐BERT model was the highest, the value of which is 74.37%. Triplets consisting of diseases, genes and proteins were extracted by using the Sentence‐BERT model. On this basis, the biomedical knowledge graph was constructed. It was found that this knowledge graph had a good effect on the testing dataset.