bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RBM39 alters phosphorylation of c-Jun and binds to viral RNA to promote PRRSV proliferation
Authors: Song Yinna , Guo Yanyu , Li Xiaoyang , Sun Ruiqi , Zhu Min , Shi Jingxuan , Zhang Lilin , Huang Jinhai 
Published: November 2020

ABTRASTAs transcriptional co-activator of AP-1/Jun, estrogen receptors and NF-κB, nuclear protein RBM39 also involves in precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) splicing. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes sow reproductive disorders and piglet respiratory diseases, which resulted in serious economic losses worldwide. In this study, the up-regulated expression of RBM39 and down-regulated of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β) were determined in PRRSV-infected 3D4/21 cells, and accompanied with the PRRSV proliferation. The roles of RBM39 altering phosphorylation of c-Jun to inhibit the AP-1 pathway to promote PRRSV proliferation were further verified. In addition, the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of RBM39 and c-Jun from nucleus to cytoplasm were enhanced in PRRSV-infected cells. The three RRM domain of RBM39 are crucial to support the proliferation of PRRSV. several PRRSV RNA (nsp4, nsp5, nsp11 and N) binding with RBM39 were determined, which may also contribute to the PRRSV proliferation. Our results revealed a complex mechanism of RBM39 by altering c-Jun phosphorylation and nucleocytoplasmic translocation, and regulating binding of RBM39 with viral RNA to prompt PRRSV proliferation. The results provide new viewpoints to understand the immune escape mechanism of PRRSV infection.
Functional pathway redundancy in the metabolism of plant-derived phenolics byNovosphingobium aromaticivorans
Authors: Perez Jose M. , Kontur Wayne S. , Gehl Carson , Gille Derek M. , Ma Yanjun , Niles Alyssa V. , Umana German , Donohue Timothy J. , Noguera Daniel R. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTLignin is a plant heteropolymer composed of phenolic subunits. Because of its heterogeneity and recalcitrance, the development of efficient methods for its valorization still remains an open challenge. One approach to utilize lignin is its chemical deconstruction into mixtures of monomeric phenolic compounds followed by biological funneling into a single product.Novosphingobium aromaticivoransDSM12444 has been previously engineered to produce 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) from depolymerized lignin by simultaneously metabolizing multiple aromatics through convergent routes involving the intermediates 3-methoxygallic acid (3-MGA) and protocatechuic acid (PCA). We investigated enzymes predicted to be responsible forO-demethylation and oxidative aromatic ring opening, two critical reactions involved in the metabolism of phenolics compounds byN. aromaticivorans. The results showed the involvement of DesA inO-demethylation of syringic and vanillic acids, LigM inO-demethylation of vanillic acid and 3-MGA, and a newO-demethylase, DmtS, in the conversion of 3-MGA into gallic acid (GA). In addition, we found that LigAB was the main aromatic ring opening dioxygenase involved in 3-MGA, PCA, and GA metabolism, and that a previously uncharacterized dioxygenase, LigAB2, had high activity with GA. Our results indicate a metabolic route not previously identified inN. aromaticivoransthat involvesO-demethylation of 3-MGA to GA. We predict this pathway channels ∼15% of the carbon flow from syringic acid, with the rest following ring opening of 3-MGA. The new knowledge obtained in this study allowed for the creation of an improved engineered strain for the funneling of aromatic compounds that exhibits stoichiometric conversion of syringic acid into PDC.IMPORTANCEFor lignocellulosic biorefineries to effectively contribute to reduction of fossil fuel use, they need to become efficient at producing chemicals from all major components of plant biomass. Making products from lignin will require engineering microorganisms to funnel multiple phenolic compounds to the chemicals of interest, andN. aromaticivoransis a promising chassis for this technology. The ability ofN. aromaticivoransto efficiently and simultaneously degrade many phenolic compounds may be linked to having functionally redundant aromatic degradation pathways and enzymes with broad substrate specificity. A detailed knowledge of aromatic degradation pathways is thus essential to identify genetic engineering targets to maximize product yields. Furthermore, knowledge of enzyme substrate specificity is critical to redirect flow of carbon to desired pathways. This study described an uncharacterized pathway inN. aromaticivoransand the enzymes that participate in this pathway, allowing the engineering of an improved strain for production of PDC from lignin.
m6A RNA methylation-dependent APC translation is required for local translation of beta-actin and axon development
Authors: Broix Loic , Roy Rohini , Oomoto Ikumi , Umeshima Hiroki , Wang Dan Ohtan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSubcellular mRNA localization and local translation are crucial for spatially regulated gene expression in neurons. However, the precise mechanisms governing the selective transport and translation of mRNAs contributing to processes such as axonal growth and branching are only partially understood. Here, we present evidence of N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-mediated translational control of the RNA-binding protein, APC, influencing cytoskeletal dynamics at the growth cone. Our findings demonstrate that m6A modifications occur onApcmRNA, facilitating its recognition by YTHDF1 to promote APC translation in neuronal somata. Additionally, we observe that disrupting the m6A pathway impairs the transport and local translation of β-actin mRNA in the axon and growth cones, a deficiency that can be rescued by the exogenous expression of APC protein in cultured neurons. Furthermore, we establish the essential role of YTHDF1 in axon development, particularly in callosal projection neurons during cortical development. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism involving m6A-mediated regulation of APC protein translation, linking epitranscriptomics to axonal mRNA targeting, cytoskeletal dynamics, and axon development.
Amalgamation and Auckland city: A New Zealand success story?
Authors: Asquith Andy , McNeill Jeffrey , Stockley Elizabeth 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe amalgamation of Auckland's local authorities in 2010 was remarkable for New Zealand. It created a city‐region to address perceived failures arising from trying to coordinate and align leadership and strategic planning while maintaining political accountability within a fractured local government system. The factors leading up to the Royal Commission on Auckland Governance in 2009 and its findings that led to amalgamation are examined and the Commission's report and its implementation are addressed. Finally, an assessment is made of the operation of the newly created Auckland Council during its first 9 years. Crucial to the amalgamation process was a change of national government, which had a very different political philosophy of the role of (local) government than its predecessor. Despite a difficult start, the Council achieved two of its three initial criteria: creating leadership for Auckland and providing strategic direction for New Zealand's biggest city.
Characterization of reproductive gene diversity in the endangered Tasmanian devil
Authors: Brandies Parice A. , Wright Belinda R. , Hogg Carolyn J. , Grueber Catherine E. , Belov Katherine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInterindividual variation at genes known to play a role in reproduction may impact reproductive fitness. The Tasmanian devil is an endangered Australian marsupial with low genetic diversity. Recent work has shown concerning declines in productivity in both wild and captive populations over time. Understanding whether functional diversity exists at reproductive genes in the Tasmanian devil is a key first step in identifying genes that may influence productivity. We characterized single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 214 genes involved in reproduction in 37 Tasmanian devils. Twenty genes contained nonsynonymous substitutions, with genes involved in embryogenesis, fertilization and hormonal regulation of reproduction displaying greater numbers of nonsynonymous SNPs than synonymous SNPs. Two genes, ADAMTS9 and NANOG, showed putative signatures of balancing selection indicating that natural selection is maintaining diversity at these genes despite the species exhibiting low overall levels of genetic diversity. We will use this information in future to examine the interplay between reproductive gene variation and reproductive fitness in Tasmanian devil populations.
Chromosome level assembly reveals a unique immune gene organization and signatures of evolution in the common pheasant
Authors: He Chuan , Zhao Lele , Xiao Lu , Xu Ke , Ding Jinmei , Zhou Hao , Zheng Yuming , Han Chengxiao , Akinyemi Fisayo , Luo Huaixi , Yang Lingyu , Luo Lingxiao , Yuan Hongyan , Lu Xuelin , Meng He 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe common pheasant Phasianus colchicus, belonging to the order Galliformes and family Phasianidae, is the most widespread species. Despite a long history of captivity, the domestication of this bird is still at a preliminary stage. Recently, the demand for accelerating its transformation to poultry for meat and egg production has been increasing. In this study, we assembled high quality, chromosome scale genome of the common pheasant by using PacBio long reads, next‐generation short reads, and Hi‐C technology. The primary assembly has contig N50 size of 1.33 Mb and scaffold N50 size of 59.46 Mb, with a total size of 0.99 Gb, resolving most macrochromosomes into single scaffolds. A total of 23,058 genes and 10.71 Mb interspersed repeats were identified, constituting 30.31% and 10.71% of the common pheasant genome, respectively. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that the common pheasant shared common ancestors with turkey about 24.7–34.5 million years ago (Ma). Rapidly evolved gene families, as well as branch‐specific positively selected genes, indicate that calcium‐related genes are potentially related to the adaptive and evolutionary change of the common pheasant. Interestingly, we found that the common pheasant has a unique major histocompatibility complex B locus (MHC‐B) structure: three major inversions occurred in the sequence compared with chicken MHC‐B. Furthermore, we detected signals of selection in five breeds of domestic common pheasant, several of which are production‐oriented.
Controlled drinking—non‐abstinent versus abstinent treatment goals in alcohol use disorder: a systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
Authors: Henssler Jonathan , Müller Martin , Carreira Helena , Bschor Tom , Heinz Andreas , Baethge Christopher 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsThe proportion of untreated patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) exceeds that of any other mental health disorder, and treatment alternatives are needed. A widely discussed strategy is to depart from the abstinence paradigm as part of controlled drinking approaches. This first systematic review with meta‐analysis aims to assess the efficacy of non‐abstinent treatment strategies compared with abstinence‐based strategies.MethodsCENTRAL, PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase databases were searched until February 2019 for controlled (randomized and non‐randomized) clinical trials (RCTs and non‐RCTs) among adult AUD populations, including an intervention group aiming at controlled drinking and a control group aiming for abstinence. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) and Cochrane Collaboration guidelines, literature search, data collection and risk of bias assessment were carried out independently by two reviewers [International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration no. CRD42019128716]. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants consuming alcohol at or below the recommended threshold. Secondary outcomes were social functioning, drinking reductions, abstinence rates and dropouts. Using random‐effects models, RCTs and non‐RCTs were analyzed separately. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses accounted for methodological rigor, inclusion of goal‐specific treatment, length of follow‐up and AUD severity.ResultsTwenty‐two studies (including five RCTs) with 4204 patients were selected. There was no statistically significant difference between both treatment paradigms in RCTs [odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.51–3.39]. Non‐randomized studies of free goal choice favored abstinence‐orientation (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.40–0.90), unless goal‐specific treatment was provided (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.40–1.56), or in studies of low risk of bias (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.49–1.09) or with long follow‐up (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 0.78–2.85). Effect sizes were not clearly dependent upon AUD severity. Abstinence‐ and controlled drinking interventions did not clearly differ in their effect on social functioning and drinking reductions.ConclusionsAvailable evidence does not support abstinence as the only approach in the treatment of alcohol use disorder. Controlled drinking, particularly if supported by specific psychotherapy, appears to be a viable option where an abstinence‐oriented approach is not applicable.
Low anterior resection syndrome following different surgical approaches for low rectal endometriosis: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Bokor Attila , Hudelist Gernot , Dobó Noémi , Dauser Bernhard , Farella Marilena , Brubel Réka , Tuech Jean‐Jacques , Roman Horace 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThere is increasing evidence that intermediate and long‐term bowel dysfunction may occur as a consequence of radical surgery for rectal deep endometriosis (DE). Typical symptoms include constipation, feeling of incomplete evacuation, clustering of stools, and urgency. This is described in the colorectal surgical literature as low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). Within this, several studies suggested that differences regarding functional outcomes could be favorable to more conservative surgical approaches, that is, excision of endometriotic tissue with preservation of the luminal structure of the rectal wall when compared with classical segmental resection techniques for DE, especially when performed for low DE.Material and methodsA total of 211 patients undergoing rectal surgery for low DE (≤7 cm from the anal verge) in three different tertiary referral centers between October 2009 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed regarding major complications and LARS. From the 211 eligible patients, six women were excluded because of loss to follow‐up. Finally, a total number of 205 patients were enrolled for the statistical analysis; 139 with nerve‐ and vessel‐sparing segmental resection (NVSSR) and 66 operated for laparoscopic‐transanal disk excision (LTADE) were included. Gastrointestinal functional outcomes of the two procedures were compared using the validated LARS questionnaire. The median follow‐up time was 46 ± 11 months. As a secondary outcome, the surgical sequelae were examined.ResultsWe found no statistically significant difference between the incidence of LARS (31.7% and 37.9%, respectively) among patients operated by LTADE when compared with NVSSR (P = .4). The occurrence of LARS was positively associated with the use of protective ileostomy or colostomy (P = .02). A higher rate of severe complications was observed in women undergoing LTADE (19.7%) when compared with patients with NVSSR (9.0%, P = .029).ConclusionsLARS is not more frequent after NVSSR when compared with a more conservative approach such as LTADE in patients undergoing rectal surgery for low DE. To confirm our findings prospective studies are required.
Outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in Covid‐19 or influenza: A single‐center registry study
Authors: Jäckel Markus , Rilinger Jonathan , Lang Corinna Nadine , Zotzmann Viviane , Kaier Klaus , Stachon Peter , Biever Paul Marc , Wengenmayer Tobias , Duerschmied Daniel , Bode Christoph , Staudacher Dawid Leander , Supady Alexander 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVeno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐V ECMO) is used to sustain blood oxygenation and decarboxylation in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It is under debate if V‐V ECMO is as appropriate for coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) ARDS as it is for influenza. In this retrospective study, we analyzed all patients with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 or influenza A/B infection, ARDS and V‐V ECMO, treated at our medical intensive care unit (ICU) between October 2010 and June 2020. Baseline and procedural characteristics as well as survival 30 days after ECMO cannulation were analyzed. A total of 62 V‐V ECMO patients were included (15 with Covid‐19 and 47 with influenza). Both groups had similar baseline characteristics at cannulation. Thirty days after ECMO cannulation, 13.3% of all patients with Covid‐19 were discharged alive from our ICU compared to 44.7% with influenza (P = .03). Patients with Covid‐19 had fewer ECMO‐free days (0 (0‐9.7) days vs. 13.2 (0‐22.1) days; P = .05). Cumulative incidences of 30‐day‐survival showed no significant differences (48.6% in Covid‐19 patients, 63.7% in influenza patients; P = .23). ICU treatment duration was significantly longer in ARDS patients with V‐V ECMO for Covid‐19 compared to influenza. Thirty‐day mortality was higher in Covid‐19, but not significant.
Dialectical behavior therapy in the Asia‐Pacific Rim region
Authors: Loo Jiann Lin , Keng Shian‐Ling , Ramírez‐Espinosa Iizax Gisela , Nor Hadi Noor Melissa , Ramírez‐Gutiérrez José Angel , Shoesmith Wendy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) contributes to suicide‐related morbidity and mortality and requires more intensive psychotherapeutic resources due to its high mental health service usage. Accessibility to an evidence‐based treatment program is a cornerstone to support patients with BPD and part of broader suicide prevention efforts as well as improving their quality of life.Aims: In this article, the authors aim to discuss and review available dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and DBT‐informed services of selected countries in the Asia‐Pacific Rim, namely Singapore, Malaysia, and Mexico.Materials & Methods: We contacted providers of different services and gathered information on the process of setting up the service and adapting the treatment, in addition to reviewing the available literature published in the countries.Results: To date, there have been a pair of DBT‐informed services in Singapore, four in Malaysia, and several in Mexico with a few of them offering standard DBT. Different efforts have been put in place to increase the accessibility to training and also the number of DBT practitioners.Discussion: Important considerations during the process of setting up new services include the use of domestic examples and local language that are contextually appropriate for the local community. Selected challenges faced in common include shortage of workforce, affordability of training programs, and the need for language adaptation with or without translation.Conclusion: Further long‐term evaluation of locally adapted DBT‐informed mental health services will help to elucidate the effectiveness and efficacy of the program which will potentially serve as a guide for other resource‐scarce regions.
Hypophosphataemia after treatment of iron deficiency with intravenous ferric carboxymaltose or iron isomaltoside—a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Schaefer Benedikt , Tobiasch Moritz , Viveiros André , Tilg Herbert , Kennedy Nicholas A. , Wolf Myles , Zoller Heinz 
Published: November 2020

AimsHypophosphataemia is an increasingly recognized side‐effect of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) and possibly iron isomaltoside/ferric derisomaltose (IIM), which are used to treat iron deficiency. The aim of this study was to determine frequency, severity, duration and risk factors of incident hypophosphataemia after treatment with FCM and IIM.MethodsA systematic literature search for articles indexed in EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science in years 2005–2020 was carried out using the search terms ‘ferric carboxymaltose’ OR ‘iron isomaltoside’. Prospective clinical trials reporting outcomes on hypophosphataemia rate, mean nadir serum phosphate and/or change in mean serum phosphate from baseline were selected. Hypophosphataemia rate and severity were compared for studies on IIM vs. FCM after stratification for chronic kidney disease. Meta‐regression analysis was used to investigate risk factors for hypophosphataemia.ResultsAcross the 42 clinical trials included in the meta‐analysis, FCM induced a significantly higher incidence of hypophosphataemia than IIM (47%, 95% CI 36–58% vs. 4%, 95% CI 2–5%), and significantly greater mean decreases in serum phosphate (0.40 vs. 0.06 mmol/L). Hypophosphataemia persisted at the end of the study periods (maximum 3 months) in up to 45% of patients treated with FCM. Meta‐regression analysis identified low baseline serum ferritin and transferrin saturation, and normal kidney function as significant predictors of hypophosphataemia.ConclusionFCM is associated with a high risk of hypophosphataemia, which does not resolve for at least 3 months in a large proportion of affected patients. More severe iron deficiency and normal kidney function are risk factors for hypophosphataemia.
Does the BCG vaccine have different effects on strains of tuberculosis?
Authors: Kousha A , Farajnia S , Ansarin K , Khalili M , Shariat M , Sahebi L 
Published: November 2020

SummarySeveral explanations have been suggested concerning the variety in bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccine efficacy on strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This study aimed to compare the effect of BCG vaccination history in the prevention of the occurrence of Mtb-Beijing and non-Beijing strains. In this cross-sectional study, 64 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) were recruited from the Iranian border provinces (North West and West). Isolates were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, using the insertion sequence IS6110 as a probe (IS6110 RFLP) and drug susceptibility testing using the proportion method. Samples were analyzed with Gel Compare II 6.6 and spss version 18. The mean age [standard deviation (SD)] of the patients was 54·4 (SD = 17·0). Overall, 49 cases (76·56%) had no BCG vaccination scar. The prevalence of Beijing strains was 9·38% and drug resistance proportion among the isolates was 14·1% (nine cases). There was a significant relationship between Beijing strains and tuberculosis (TB)-drug resistance in isolates (χ2 = 26·29, P &lt; 0·001). There was also a strong association between vaccination history and Beijing strains (χ2 = 13·23, P = 0·002). Also, a statistical relationship was observed between Beijing strains and drug-resistant TB among patients with a history of vaccination (χ2 = 7·47, P = 0·002). This association was not maintained in the unvaccinated group (P = 0·102). These findings confirm the claim that the vaccine has different effects on different subspecies of tuberculosis. The cause of the high probability of drug resistance in patients with Beijing-TB and vaccination history requires further investigation with a higher sample size.