bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing the clinical significance and prognostic value of small nucleolar RNA SNORD31 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ding Yuan , Sun Zhongquan , Zhang Sitong , Xu Qianhui , Zhou Liuzhi , Zhou Dongkai , Li Yanjie , Han Xin , Xu Hao , Bai Yang , Xu Chang , Ding Hao , Ge Yao , Wang Weilin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: For lack of accurate early diagnosis and prognostic assessment, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) becomes severe challenge with the fourth cancer-related mortality. Recently, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) was identified to make functions in progression of various tumors. Among that, a novel ncRNA, small nucleolar RNA C/D box 31 (SNORD31) was suggested in previous study to function as potential tumor suppressing role. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression patterns and clinical significance of SNORD31 in HCC.
Methods: SNORD31 expression was calculated in HCC cell lines as well as clinical specimens by RT-PCR. HCC patients were subdivided into high and low SNORD31 expression groups and their clinical characteristics were compared. Besides, the association between SNORD31 expression and postoperative prognosis was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis.
Results: Compared with corresponding normal reference, expression levels of SNORD31 were significantly down-regulated in both HCC cell lines and clinical specimens (P&lt;0.01). Moreover, low SNORD31 expression was remarkably correlated with large tumor diameter, high incidence of vessel carcinoma embolus and capsular invasion, severe tumor differentiation and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P&lt;0.05). In the following analysis, HCC patients with low SNORD31 expression were independently inclined with poor tumor-free (median time: 9.17 vs 48.8 months, low vs high, P&lt;0.001) as well as long-term survival (LTS; median time: 40.26 vs 55.41 months, low vs high, P=0.002).
Conclusions: The ncRNA SNORD31 was proved to be commonly down-regulated in HCC and was independently associated with multiple malignant characteristics and long-term prognosis of HCC patients, which implied that SNORD31 possessed potential as a novel HCC biomarker.
Alternation of the flickering morphology between the high and low state in MV Lyrae
Authors: Dobrotka A. , Negoro H. , Konopka P. 
Published: July 2020

Aims. We studied unique data of the nova-like system MV Lyr taken by the Kepler space telescope during its transition from the high to low state and vice versa. We were interested in the evolution of frequency components found previously in different data also obtained by Kepler.
Methods. We divided the light curve into ten-day segments and investigated the corresponding power density spectra. We searched for individual frequency components by fitting with Lorentzian functions. Additionally, we investigated the variability using averaged shot profiles calculated from the light curve divided into ten equally spaced subsamples.
Results. We found very complex changes in the power density spectra. We focused our study onto three frequency components. A significant increase in activity is seen at low frequencies. Contrariwise, the high frequency part of the spectrum strongly decreases in power with a specific rise in characteristic frequencies of the individual components. We discuss various scenarios of this phenomenology such as the reprocessing of X-rays in a receding accretion disk or radiation from a more active region at the outer disk. Finally, we show that various cataclysmic variables show similar characteristic frequencies in their power density spectra. These are dependent on activity stage, making the situation similar to X-ray binaries.
Workshop Gesundheitsgefährdung durch langes Sitzen am
Arbeitsplatz – Teil II Betriebliche
Lösungsansätze
Authors: Backé Eva-Maria , Schellewald Vera , Reichel Kathrin , Ellegast Rolf , Latza Ute 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die Gesundheitsgefährdung durch langes Sitzen auch am
Arbeitsplatz ist ein wichtiges Problem unserer Zeit. Seine Lösung
verlangt interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit von Expertinnen und Experten
aus Wissenschaft und betrieblicher Praxis.
Methodik Hierzu wurde im Februar 2019 in Berlin ein Workshop mit
Fachleuten aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen durchgeführt, der die
derzeitigen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse der Gesundheitsgefährdung
durch lange, wenig unterbrochene Sitzzeiten am Arbeitsplatz in verschiedenen
Beiträgen thematisiert und betriebliche Lösungsansätze
aufzeigt. Dieser Workshop wird hier in 2 Teilen dokumentiert. Genderrelevante
Aspekte werden, wenn möglich, hervorgehoben.
Ergebnisse Im vorliegenden Teil II werden Lösungsansätze
aus der Praxis vorgestellt. Es werden neue Evaluationsergebnisse zu dynamischen
Arbeitsstationen gezeigt. Zwei Beispiele geben einen Einblick in die
betriebliche Praxis, die in Deutschland aktuell weniger von Maßnahmen
zur Unterbrechung der Sitzzeiten als von Bewegungsförderung
geprägt ist. In der abschließenden Plenumsdiskussion wird
zusammengefasst, wie Interventionen am Arbeitsplatz gelingen können.
Schlussfolgerung Entscheidungsträger erkennen zunehmend, dass im
21. Jahrhundert ein Trend hin zu körperlicher Unterforderung durch
sedentäres Verhalten am Arbeitsplatz besteht, der die Gesundheit der
Beschäftigten und der Bevölkerung generell gefährdet.
Trotz Evidenzlücken können und sollten wissenschaftsbasierte
Entscheidungen für Politik und Praxis getroffen werden. In Deutschland
können wir dabei von den guten Beispielen anderer Länder
lernen.
Die Grenzen des G-DRG-Systems bei der Abbildung von Komplexität in der Universitätsmedizin
Authors: Lerch Markus M. , Rathmayer Markus , Siegmund Britta , Wilke Michael , Wedemeyer Heiner , Stallmach Andreas , Mayerle Julia , Lammert Frank 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungSeit der Einführung des G-DRG-Systems zur Vergütung der stationären Krankenversorgung im Jahr 2003 werden durch das Institut für das Entgeltsystem im Krankenhaus (InEK) jährlich die Erstattungsbeträge für alle Fallgruppen (DRG) auf der Basis des Mittelwerts der Kostendaten (§-21-KHEntgG-Datensatz) von ca. 200 kalkulierenden Krankenhäusern berechnet. Nach dieser Systematik müsste die eine Hälfte der stationären Leistungserbringer Überschüsse in der Krankenversorgung erwirtschaften, die andere Hälfte Verluste ausweisen. Trotz langjähriger Optimierung ihrer Kosten weisen jährlich zwei Drittel der Universitätsklinika operative Defizite aus, unter den nicht universitären Häusern sind es dagegen 29 %. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) hat als wissenschaftliche Fachgesellschaft seit 2012 von 74 für das InEK kalkulierenden und mit der DGVS kooperierenden Krankenhäusern die anonymisierten Kostendaten von mehr als 7 Mio. Abrechnungsfällen ausgewertet, um damit eine sachgerechtere Darstellung gastroenterologischer DRG durch datenbasierte Anträge an das InEK zu ermöglichen. Diese Daten wurden jetzt verwendet, um an drei Beispielen repräsentativer DRG und Operationen- und Prozedurenschlüssel (OPS) (hepatische Enzephalopathie bei Leberzirrhose, endoskopische Leistungsgruppen und Behandlungskosten von zwischen Krankenhäusern für eine Intervention verlegten Patienten) die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der sachgerechten Darstellung universitätsmedizinischer Leistungserbringung im G-DRG-System zu untersuchen. Die Analyse ergibt, dass eine ökonomisch angemessene Kostenabbildung der komplexeren und schwerer erkrankten Patienten an den Universitätsklinika im G-DRG-System nicht durch Korrekturen oder eine Weiterdifferenzierung innerhalb des bestehenden Systems möglich ist. Selbst in Fallgruppen, in denen eine Korrektur möglich wäre, ist sie im bestehenden System teilweise untersagt. Einem weiteren Anstieg des operativen Defizits der Universitätsklinika in der Krankenversorgung (zuletzt kumulativ 300 Mio. Euro) kann nur durch entweder einen fallbezogenen Systemzuschlag oder die Trennung eines universitätsmedizinischen U-DRG-Systems vom allgemeinen G-DRG-System entgegengewirkt werden.
Estudo biomecânico de diferentes dispositivos de fixação femoral na reconstrução do ligamento patelofemoral medial em joelhos de suínos
Authors: Dobke Lothar Schmechel , Bonadiman João Artur , Lopes Jr Osmar Valadão , Saggin Paulo Renato , Israel Charles Leonardo , Spinelli Leandro de Freitas 
Published: July 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar diferentes dispositivos de fixação femoral na reconstrução do ligamento patelofemoral medial para comparar sua eficácia quanto à força de fixação até a falha em joelhos suínos.
Métodos Foram ensaiados 30 joelhos de suínos subdivididos em 3 grupos de 10 joelhos. Os enxertos retirados foram dissecados de tendões extensores das patas dos suínos. Cada grupo teve o enxerto fixado ao fêmur com parafuso de interferência, âncora, ou tenodese no tendão adutor. Os 3 métodos foram submetidos à testes biomecânicos utilizando uma máquina universal de ensaio de tração com uma velocidade de 20 mm/min.
Resultados Verificamos que a média mais elevada da resistência linear sob tração lateral (185,45 ± 41,22 N) ocorreu no grupo 1: “fixação por parafuso,” seguido do grupo 2: “fixação por âncora” (152,97 ± 49,43 N), e a média foi menor no grupo 3: “fixação por tenodese” (76,69 ± 18,90 N). Para a margem de erro fixada (5%), comprovou-se a diferença significativa entre os grupos (p < 0,001) e também através dos testes de comparações múltiplas (entre os pares de grupos) verificou-se a ocorrência de diferenças significativas. A variabilidade expressada por meio do coeficiente de variação mostrou-se reduzida, já que a referida medida foi inferior a 33,3%.
Conclusão O uso de parafusos de interferência no túnel ósseo de joelhos porcinos é suficientemente forte para fixação femoral na reconstrução do ligamento patelofemoral medial, assim como a fixação com âncoras montáveis com fio de alta resistência. Entretanto, a tenodese no tendão adutor mostrou-se frágil para essa finalidade.
Conscious Clinical Education: The Evidence-Based Education—Clinical Education Model
Authors: DeRuiter Mark , Ginsberg Sarah M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe fields of speech-language pathology and audiology, collectively referred to as communication sciences and disorders, are driven by evidence-based practice (EBP). As accountability in clinical service delivery continues to increase, there are few who would argue that encouraging clinicians to engage in methods that have withstood the rigors of peer-review is the wrong approach. Graduate students are typically given many opportunities to learn about the evidence for their discipline, and graduate programs are required to provide these opportunities under accreditation standards. While EBP is critical to our discipline's clinical function, we assert that evidence-based education (EBE) is equally as important as EBP to our discipline's function in educating our students. This article discusses EBP and EBE with a focus on elements that may not have been considered in the past, particularly within the complex dynamic of the EBE and clinical education interface. We present current and proposed models, including a new model of EBE in clinical education. We share insights into how the new and proposed models fit within the broader context of clinical decision making and the scholarship of teaching and learning. We conclude by addressing future needs for the education of clinical educators.
Competency-Based Education: Purposes and Promises
Authors: Walden Patrick R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCompetency-based education (CBE) is described and the reported advantages to CBE are discussed. The need for a stronger evidence base to support CBE is acknowledged. As we continue to develop this evidence base, the practices of (1) focusing on outcomes and (2) being flexible in the time needed for trainee mastery of competencies hold promise and are consistent with good pedagogy. A model for clinical supervision that includes a focus on outcomes, as well as built-in acknowledgment of time for mastery, is briefly described.
Literature-Based Strategies for Clinical Fellow Mentorship
Authors: Freeman Max R. , Walden Patrick R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the field of communication sciences and disorders, some research and guidance exist on clinical fellowship supervision for the mentor; however, there is a dearth of literature on clinical fellowship supervision from the perspective of the clinical fellow. This article begins with why the clinical fellowship experience is necessary, and then discusses clinical fellow and mentor expectations and responsibilities, clinical fellow independence, mentor qualities, and issues related to the provision of feedback. The overall goal is to enhance clinical fellow mentors' knowledge base on the clinical fellowship experience through review of current literature on supervision and mentorship.
Evaluation of Plasma Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Levels and Abdominal Aortic Intima-Media Thickness in Infants of Smoker Mothers
Authors: Ozcelik Huseyin Samet , Arslan Derya , Deniz Cigdem Damla , Gunenc Oguzhan , Vatansev Husamettin , Uysal Celil 
Published: July 2020

Objective Smoking during pregnancy has harmful effects on the fetus and infant. Although some studies suggest that exposure to fetal–maternal smoking adversely affects both fetal growth and cardiovascular development, the mechanisms and biochemical consequences of smoking in pregnancy and newborns are not yet fully understood. We aimed to investigate whether maternal smoking during pregnancy causes fetal cardiovascular effect by measuring serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) level and abdominal aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT).
Study Design This prospective study was conducted in newborns of smoking mothers and never-smoker control mothers during their pregnancies. The babies were evaluated echocardiographically on the first day following birth. In two-dimensional mode, abdominal aIMT measurements were performed. ADMA was measured in umbilical cord blood at birth.
Results There were 25 mothers in the study group and 25 mothers in the control group. Serum ADMA levels were 0.459 ± 0.119 μmol/L in the study group and 0.374 ± 0.1127 μmol/L in the control group (p = 0.034). The aIMT value in the study group was 0.84 ± 0.026 mm and the aIMT value in the control group was 0.63 ± 0.011 mm (p = 0.005).
Conclusion We found that both the serum ADMA and the aIMT significantly increased in the group with newborns of smoker mothers compared with the group of the newborns of never-smoker mothers. It may also be suggested that exposure to fetal–maternal smoking adversely affects cardiovascular development.
Key Points
How to Dissect Lymphatics under Loupes for Line Production System for Multiple Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis
Authors: Eldahshoury Tarek Elsayed Mohamed , Yoshida Shuhei , Koshima Isao , Imai Hirofumi , Uchiki Toshio , Sasaki Ayano , Nagamatsu Shogo , Yokota Kazunori 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background A surgical line production system using loupes to dissect lymphatics and veins is a cost-effective way of performing multiple lymphaticovenular anastomoses. There is an art to successful dissection of lymphatics under loupes, and selection of the correct loupe magnification is important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a detailed description of how to dissect lymphatics under loupes.
Patients and Methods Dissection of lymphatics under loupes was performed for a series of 13 patients. Lymphatics are transparent threadlike structures that are arranged longitudinally and may be oriented with feeding capillary vessels. At the start of dissection, it is helpful to have a reference scale in the field of vision when operating to appreciate the size of the structures seen under loupes. It is also helpful to be able to separate lymphatics from fat tissue in the background.
Results Mean time for exploration under loupes was 25 ± 7 minutes; lymphatics were successfully found in 27 sites (90%) of the 30 attempted with failure to identify lymphatics in three sites (10%) and failure to identify veins in three sites (10%); the average size of the lymphatics was found to be 0.5 ± 0.2 mm. No lymphatics could be found by the microscopes after loupes exploration in two sites.
Discussion Even a novice surgeon can identify lymphatics based on knowledge of the visual characteristics of these structures. However, a higher magnification is likely necessary for accurate discrimination.
Carbon storage capacity of tropical peatlands in natural and artificial drainage networks
Authors: Cobb Alexander R , Dommain René , Tan Fangyi , Hwee En Heng Naomi , Harvey Charles F 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Tropical peatlands store over 75 gigatons of carbon as organic matter that is protected from decomposition and fire by waterlogging if left undrained. Over millennia, this organic matter builds up between channels or rivers into gently mounded shapes called peat domes. Measurements of peat accumulation and water flow suggest that tropical peat domes approach a steady state in which the peat surface morphology is described by a uniform curvature, setting a limit on the carbon that a peatland can store. We explored the maximum amount of carbon that can accumulate as water-saturated peat in natural and artificial drainage networks of northwest and southern Borneo. We find that the maximum volume of peat accumulation in a channel-bounded parcel is proportional to the square of the parcel area times a scale-independent factor describing the shape of the parcel boundary. Thus, carbon capacity per area scales roughly with mean parcel area in the peatland. Our analysis provides a tool that can be used to predict the long-term impacts of artificial drainage, and to devise optimal strategies for arresting fires and greenhouse gas emissions in tropical peatlands.
US wildfire potential: a historical view and future projection using high-resolution climate data
Authors: Brown Emily K , Wang Jiali , Feng Yan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Recent wildfires in the western United States have led to substantial economic losses and social stresses. There is a great concern that the new climatic state may further increase the intensity, duration, and frequency of wildfires. To examine temporal and spatial features of historical wildfire trends and future changes, a common fire index, the Keetch–Byram Drought Index (KBDI), is calculated over the contiguous United States (CONUS) and Alaska. We introduce an efficient initialization method and calculate 36 years (1982–2017) of historical KBDI at 4 km using a high-quality observational dataset. KBDIs are also calculated at 12 km using regional climate models and extended into the mid- and late-21st century. Based on the observational data, annual mean (and 95th percentile) KBDI over forested regions in the southwestern and northwestern CONUS has risen since 1982 at a rate of 5.2 (4.0) and 2.9 (3.3) per year, respectively, indicating a persistent drying trend fostering fire activities; the number of days exceeding the top 5% historical KBDI has increased by 16 and 25 d in the 36 years. Multiple regional climate model simulations project increasing wildfire potential and longer fire seasons over broader areas based on the estimated KBDI for the mid- and late-21st century. By the end of the century, most of the CONUS would experience about 90–189 more days per year exceeding the historical local maximum KBDI; areas with high KBDI (>600), whose occurrence correlates with large burned area, are projected to broaden by nearly 60 times in the southern CONUS. While both temperature and precipitation contribute to future KBDI changes, warming is the main driver of more frequent, intense and wide-spread extreme wildfires indicated by high KBDIs in future projections.
Tourism and community empowerment at Gunung Leuser National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Rachmawati Eva 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In a tourism context, scholars have noted that sustainable tourism can be achieved if local communities are empowered, thus having some level of control over the development process and if they share equitably in the tourism benefits. However, research about community empowerment in the tourism context, particularly in developing countries, indicates that, in general, the benefits are not shared equally within communities for many reasons. This study aims to explore to what degree tourism is empowering two rural communities in Indonesia. The method used in answering the question is a case study and a mix-methods approach. The case studies chosen were two villages that have different approaches in the planning process (top-down and bottom-up). The qualitative approach used is a participatory observation to explore the community’s context. The quantitative approach (a household survey) assessed the extent to which residents of these rural villages experience empowerment at an individual and community level, and the factors influencing empowerment outcomes. The survey results show that the different planning processes in these villages have not resulted in significant differences in empowerment on most measures. At Namo Sialang village, with a bottom-up approach to tourism planning, where the community has significant control over tourism development in their village, the surveys showed some evidence of greater empowerment across all dimensions (economic, psychological, social, and political). However, these differences were not as substantial as might be expected. In essence, this study suggests that expecting community empowerment in and through tourism development may not be entirely appropriate in this context. This may be because the concept does not take enough account of cultural factors and issues arising from political and geographical peripherality in the delivery of empowerment outcomes through tourism.
Population status of Saurauia spp. in Slamet Mountain, Central Java
Authors: Helmanto H , Zulkarnaen R N , Fikriyya N , Nisyawati  , Robiansyah I 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Saurauia is belong to Actinidiaceae family. Saurauia spreading naturally in several highlands in Indonesia including Slamet Mountain. Some species of Saurauia had been used as traditional medicines for diabetes, cancer, and cholesterol. The population of Saurauia in Indonesia has been greatly reduced. This study aims to determine its distribution, population size and population structure of Saurauia in Slamet Mountain forest area. It was conducted in 4 locations forest which are on different slopes on Slamet Mountain. Retrieval of population data by following existing track using a purposive sampling method. A measuring plot of 20x20 m2 was made at the location in which Saurauia spp. discovered. The result of this research found 636 individuals in 103 measuring plots. Which consists of 4 species of Saurauia i.e. S. nudiflora DC. (90 individuals), S. pendula Blume (382), S. microphylla de Vriese (145) and S. bracteosa DC. (19). S. microphylla and S. bracteosa are species included in IUCN red list with vulnerable status. Both species require more conservation efforts. The population structure of Saurauia found was dominated by the seedling phase around 45.91%, mature phase 36.01% and juvenile phase 18.08% with varying height and diameter.