bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSX-3 Antioxidant system characteristics in Saanen goats depending on performance
Authors: Bokhan Polina D , Bakhta Alesya A , Karpenko Larisa Y , Kozitcyna Anna I , Balykina Anna B , Enukashvili Abram I , Polistovskaia Polina A , Ershova Olga N , Anipchenko Polina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Dairy goat breeding is widespread worldwide. Goat milk and other derivative products are an important part of nutrition. Dairy products are the most important part of goat breeding; therefore, lactation performance is a relevant issue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant system characteristics in Saanen goats depending on lactation performance. The experiment was conducted in the north-western region of Russian Federation, in the laboratories of the biochemistry and physiology departments at FSBEI of Higher Education «SPbSAVM». The three experimental groups included 30 Saanen goats each, 2nd–3rd lactations, selected using matched pairs method. 1st group included low milk producing ability goats (&lt; 600 kg of milk yield per year), 2nd group included average milk producing ability goats (600–800 kg of milk yield per year), 3rd group included high milk producing ability goats (&gt;800 kg of milk yield per year). The blood samples were taken once: at peak lactation performance (45 days after parturition). The blood levels of lipid peroxygenation markers (malondialdehyde, dienketone and conjugated dienes) and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were assessed by standard methods. Results presented as mean±standard error of the mean. Student’s t-test was used after proving normal distribution. Level of significance is labeled as P &lt; 0.05. The results are displayed in table 1 and 2. After analyzing the received data of antioxidant system characteristics, we found a high intensity of free-radical oxidation in high milk producing ability goats. This results in oxidative stress development. Activity of anti-oxidizing enzymes was elevated; therefore, free-radical oxidation is intensive. Consequently, these data allow us to take into consideration exogenous anti-oxidizing agents administration in high milk producing ability goats in order to reduce oxidative stress.
PSVII-32 In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of short- and medium-chain fatty acid salts and their combinations against Streptococcus suis
Authors: Sol Cinta , Puyalto Mónica , Canal Bernat , Carvajal Ana Maria , Gómez Manuel , Mallo Juan José 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of organic acid salts against six field isolates of Streptococcus suis. The three products evaluated were sodium salt of coconut fatty acids distillate (DIC) alone and two combinations with sodium butyrate (NaBut): DIC70:30, being 70% of NaBut protected with 30% of DIC; and DIC50:50, being 50% of NaBut protected with 50% of DIC. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to estimate the MIC values for each product and strain by the broth microdilution method at pH 6.0. MBC values were also determined by sub-culturing supernatant from wells without evident bacterial growth. The values of MIC50/MBC50 were calculated as the concentration which inhibited/killed 50% of the isolates tested. The MIC50 showed DIC as the most effective (8 ppm) against S. suis followed by DIC50:50 (32 ppm) and DIC70:30 (64 ppm). The MBC50 demonstrated a similar trend, DIC being the most effective (16 ppm) followed by DIC50:50 (64 ppm) and DIC70:30 (64 ppm). It is well known that butyric acid is a short-chain fatty acid which has strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, coconut fatty acids distillate is a medium-chain fatty acid source (MCFA) rich in lauric acid which has strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Both products are generally available as salts to facilitate their application in feed. In this study, the results showed that DIC was the most effective against the Gram-positive bacteria tested, followed by DIC50:50 and DIC70:30, the sodium butyrate-based products. As expected, a higher concentration of MCFA in the tested product was associated with a higher inhibitory and bactericidal activity. Further studies would be required to better understand these interactions as well as in vivo studies to demonstrate the effects on microbial populations.
PSIV-33 The Animal Welfare Assessment Contest® as a Tool to Promote Animal Welfare Education
Authors: Kuca Sharon , McKinney Lindsey , Johnson Cia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Established in 2001, the Animal Welfare Assessment Contest® (AWJAC®) aims to be an innovative educational tool for enhancing understanding and awareness of welfare issues affecting animals used for human purposes (e.g., research, agriculture, entertainment, companionship). The contest is open to participation by veterinary, undergraduate, and graduate students who may participate as individuals or as part of a team. A limited number of veterinarians are also eligible to compete as non-placing participants. Participation in the contest entails assessment of live and computer-based scenarios encompassing data, photographs, and videos of animals in comparable situations. Students then use the information obtained to rank the welfare of the animals in those situations on the basis of physiologic and behavioral indicators, with attention to facilities and management, and present their analyses orally to expert judges. The species featured change each year of the contest. At the completion of each contest, participants and coaches are asked to anonymously complete a written survey. The quantitative and qualitative results of this survey are used to determine if the contest has achieved its aims and incorporate suggestions for improvement of future contests. The majority of survey respondents from the five contests held between 2014–2018 report they either strongly agree or agree that the AWJAC increased their knowledge of animal welfare science (98%, n = 549) and was an overall valuable experience (99%, n = 547) that they would recommend to their peers (98%, n = 550). Respondents cited networking opportunities and diversity of species featured in the contest as key reasons the contest is valuable. Given these results, the AWJAC is successfully achieving its aims to increase animal welfare knowledge in an innovative way.
PSI-27 Effect of antral follicle count on time intervals to estrus and ovulation in crossbred beef heifers
Authors: Chavez Maria K , Rosasco Shelby L , Herrington Matthew C , Beard Joslyn K , Summers Adam F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
While genetics are an unreliable indicator of fertility, antral follicle count (AFC) has recently been recognized as a useful fertility prediction tool in heifers. The aim of this study was to determine if AFC exerts an effect on response to synchronization, time to estrus (TTE), and/or time to ovulation (TTO). Twenty-five crossbred heifers were classified by AFC, either high (&gt; 25 antral follicles), moderate (16–24 antral follicles), or low (&lt; 15 follicles) and utilized in two experiments. In experiment 1, heifers were subjected to the Select Synch + CIDR fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol. After synchronization, estrus activity was monitored every 3 h until standing estrus was observed. Heifers were examined at 12 and 18 h after observation of standing estrus and every 3 h thereafter to monitor ovulation. In experiment 1, the proportion of heifers that responded to the protocol was not significant (P = 0.71) among classification groups. Time to estrus and time to ovulation were similar between groups (P &gt; 0.90). In experiment 2, heifers were placed with bulls for 60 d and were monitored for signs of estrus every 3 h. Results of experiment 2 indicated that response to estrus synchronization was similar across groups (P = 0.46). Time to estrus was greater (P = 0.04) in the high AFC group than in the low or moderate AFC groups. This may be attributed to lower concentrations of circulating gonadotropins in high AFC heifers, resulting in decreased intrafollicular estradiol. Differences in TTE results between experiment 1 and experiment 2 may be explained by increased reproductive function as heifers continued to mature during the study. These results suggest that differences in TTE may be related to AFC. Additional research is needed to corroborate these results and inform the creation of differing FTAI protocols based on AFC.
PSI-39 Retrospective analysis of semen quality attributes of bulls in the Cal Poly Bull Test
Authors: Thomas Payton A , Field Catherine E , Abo-Ismail Mohammed , McFarlane Zach D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Cal Poly Bull Test has been offering valuable information for genetic improvement via a performance test of yearling beef bulls across the western United States since 1951. Growth and reproductive performance phenotypes were measured and collected over time. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between growth traits and semen quality traits. Performance records and semen samples of Hereford and Angus bulls were collected over a 12-year span from 2001–2013. A total of 1,982 records from Angus (n = 1692) and Hereford (n = 290) bulls were analyzed. All bulls were fall-born and weaned prior to the start of test in May. Bulls were fed for 99.83 ± 0.37 days in accordance with the guidelines of the Beef Improvement Federation where growth performance was assessed monthly during that period. After the conclusion of the test, usually in August, semen was collected from bulls and assessed for sperm motility, morphology and total sperm count. Bulls were retrospectively classified as low (0–1.4 kg), moderate (1.4–1.8 kg), or high (1.8–2.7 kg) average daily gain (ADG) bulls. The correlation among traits was evaluated using Pearson correlation, whereas a linear mixed model was used to evaluate the effect of growth on semen quality attributes. Bull age was moderately, negatively correlated (P &lt; 0.01, r2 = -0.3) with scrotal circumference. Sperm motility and morphology were moderately correlated (P &lt; 0.01, r2 = 0.35). Bull ADG was not strongly correlated (P &lt; 0.01, r2 = 0.15) with semen motility or morphology. The results indicated a significant breed effect (P &lt; 0.01) on semen motility and morphology. Angus bulls had a higher percent of progressively motile spermatozoa (P &lt; 0.01; 72.23% ± 0.73) when compared with Hereford bulls (65.88% ± 1.37). Additionally, Angus bulls had a higher percentage of morphologically normal sperm (P &lt; 0.01; 73.65% ± 0.59) when compared with Hereford bulls (66.29% ± 1.1). However, ADG as a class variable had no impact (P ≥ 0.50) on semen motility or morphology. Thus, these results indicate that higher levels of ADG during the testing period did not negatively impact semen quality attributes. More data must be collected to assess the biology behind the breed effects and validate the effect of body weight gain on semen quality attributes.
Matching global service standards—the role of intermediaries in economic upgrading of support-service firms in global production networks
Authors: Kumar Randhir , Beerepoot Niels 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Economic upgrading of local firms in developing countries is a central theme in research on global value chains/production networks. Within this literature, few studies have concentrated on upgrading in non-tradable services. Even when serving international business clients these tend to be understood as locally rendered, peripheral activities that offer limited upgrading opportunities. Using the facilities management sector in Mumbai as a case in point, this article argues that such a view overlooks how: (1) more sophisticated demands from advanced international business service firms lead to enhanced standards and economic upgrading in low-end, non-tradable services, and (2) the emergence of global support-service providers acting as intermediaries in global production networks (GPNs) has contributed to enhanced operational standards in low-end support services. At the conceptual level, this article aims to elucidate the capital and labor dimensions of economic upgrading. This allows for a better understanding of the variations in economic upgrading across sectors and the ripple effects of economic upgrading in places where GPNs are grounded.
Genomics of Population Differentiation in Humpback Dolphins,Sousaspp. in the Indo-Pacific Ocean
Authors: Amaral Ana R , Chanfana Cátia , Smith Brian D , Mansur Rubaiyat , Collins Tim , Baldwin Robert , Minton Gianna , Parra Guido J , Krützen Michael , Jefferson Thomas A , Karczmarski Leszek , Guissamulo Almeida , Brownell Robert L , Rosenbaum Howard C 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpeciation is a fundamental process in evolution and crucial to the formation of biodiversity. It is a continuous and complex process, which can involve multiple interacting barriers leading to heterogeneous genomic landscapes with various peaks of divergence among populations. In this study, we used a population genomics approach to gain insights on the speciation process and to understand the population structure within the genus Sousa across its distribution in the Indo-Pacific region. We found 5 distinct clusters, corresponding to S. plumbea along the eastern African coast and the Arabian Sea, the Bangladesh population, S. chinensis off Thailand and S. sahulensis off Australian waters. We suggest that the high level of differentiation found, even across geographically close areas, is likely determined by different oceanographic features such as sea surface temperature and primary productivity.
The Place, and Problems, of Truth
Authors: Tonstad Linn Marie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article takes up some questions, and problems, of truth, relating both to the place of theology, the study of religion, and the humanities in the academy, and to the lives within which scholarship happens. Looking at the university, the challenge of religious language, the limitations of the confessional, and the shattering effect of lost lives, the article places loss, desire, and ongoingness beside each other to stage the inadequacy of its own tools to a proffered vision of truth as temporally indexed adequacy: what matters to someone at some time. In conversation with Friedrich Nietzsche, Stanley Cavell, Sara Ahmed, and Deborah Nelson, the article performs the failures and intensities it hopes to surface.
Stellar profile independent determination of the dark matter distribution of the Fornax Local Group dwarf spheroidal galaxy
Authors: Brownsberger Sasha R , Randall Lisa 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We detail a method to measure the correspondence between dark matter (DM) models and observations of stellar populations within Local Group dwarf spheroidal galaxies (LG dSphs) that assumes no parametric stellar distribution. Solving the spherical or cylindrical Jeans equations, we calculate the consistency of DM and stellar kinematic models with stellar positions and line-of-sight velocities. Our method can be used to search for signals of standard and exotic DM distributions. Applying our methodology to the Fornax LG dSph and using statistical bootstrapping, we find: (i) that oblate or prolate cored DM haloes match the stellar data, respectively, ≃60 or ≃370 times better than oblate or prolate cusped DM haloes for isotropic and isothermal stellar velocity dispersions, (ii) that cusped spherical DM haloes and cored spherical DM haloes match the Fornax data similarly well for isotropic stellar velocity dispersions, (iii) that the semiminor to semimajor axial ratio of spheroidal DM haloes are more extreme than 80 per cent of those predicted by Lambda cold dark matter with baryon simulations, (iv) that oblate cored or cusped DM haloes are, respectively, ≃5 or ≃30 times better matches to Fornax than prolate cored or cusped DM haloes, and (v) that Fornax shows no evidence of a disc-like structure with more than two per cent of the total DM mass. We further note that the best-fitting cusped haloes universally favour the largest mass and size fit parameters. If these extreme limits are decreased, the cusped halo likelihoods decrease relative to those of cored haloes.
The effect of varying porosity and inhomogeneities of the surface dust layer on the modelling of comet gas production
Authors: Skorov Yuri , Reshetnyk Volodymyr , Bentley Mark , Rezac Ladislav , Agarwal Jessica , Blum Jürgen 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We study how uncertainties in knowledge of the microstructure of the porous dust surface layer affect our estimates of effective gas production of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. We analyse the transport properties (distribution of free paths, mean pore size, permeability) for random densely packed porous layers. Bimodal layers, as well as various cases of inhomogeneous layers having cavities and cracks, are considered. Modelling is performed for various values of effective porosity and various particle sizes and thicknesses of the dust layer. The results of computer simulations are embedded in thermal models of the surface region of the cometary nucleus, including explicitly a radiation thermal conductivity and a resistance of the dust layer for the gas flow is used. The simulations show that the porosity variations within the range of values expected for the 67P can change the effective gas production by tens of percent for thin layers, and can vary by several times with increasing layer thickness. These effects are manifested at all heliocentric distances where sublimation of water ice makes a significant contribution to the energy budget of the nucleus. Modelling also shows that in all considered cases the microscopic cavities and cracks have a minor effect on the effective gas production: changes in the presence and number of inhomogeneities in comparison with a uniform layer of the same effective porosity are negligible.
Perspectives on mental health among patients receiving dialysis
Authors: Nataatmadja Melissa , Evangelidis Nicole , Manera Karine E , Cho Yeoungjee , Johnson David W , Craig Jonathan C , Baumgart Amanda , Hanson Camilla S , Shen Jenny , Guha Chandana , Scholes-Robertson Nicole , Tong Allison ,   for SONG-HD and SONG-PD
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Diminished mental health is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and may contribute to loss of independence and motivation in patients receiving dialysis and their caregivers. Increased understanding of the patient perspective on triggers, impacts and strategies for managing mental health may inform ways to address mental health conditions in this population.

Methods
A secondary thematic analysis was undertaken using data from the Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology (SONG)-Hemodialysis and SONG-Peritoneal Dialysis projects. We extracted and analysed data on the perceived causes, meaning, impact and management of mental health in patients receiving dialysis from 26 focus groups (in six countries), multinational Delphi surveys and consensus workshops.

Results
A total of 644 patients and caregivers participated. We identified five themes: bound to dialysis (forced into isolation, enslaved to a machine, stress of relentless planning and grieving the loss of a normal life), underrecognized and ignored (missed by health practitioners, need for mental health support), an uncertain future (dreading complications, coming to terms with mortality), developing self-reliance (vulnerability in being solely responsible for dialysis, sustaining motivation for dialysis, necessity for self-vigilance and taking charge to regulate emotions) and responding to a lifestyle overhaul (guilt of burdening family, controlling symptoms for overall mental wellness, protecting independence and trying to feel grateful).

Conclusions
Patients receiving dialysis and their caregivers endure mental and emotional distress attributed to the burden of dialysis, lifestyle restrictions, the constant threat of death and symptom burden, which can impair motivation for self-management. Increased attention to monitoring and management of mental health in this population is needed.
Time Warps During the French Revolution
Authors: Jones Rhys 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
On 10 August 1792, the Parisian sans-culottes surrounded the Tuileries Palace, overthrew the monarchy and helped to found a Republic. What might otherwise have taken centuries to achieve appeared to materialize within hours. During the preceding weeks, sans-culotte discourse began to coalesce around the belief that a demonstration of collective violence could enable France to bypass the ordinary laws of history and thereby realize, instantaneously, the revolutionary ideal of regeneration. It would create, in effect, a time warp. While historians are familiar with the perception of accelerated time that accompanied the Revolution, insufficient attention has been paid to ways in which time, as a discursive category, remained circumscribed by ideas of space. It was problematized as an interminable distance, a gulf or abyss, that separated present and future, nullifying the sense of limitless possibility unleashed in 1789. The process of political radicalization that culminated in 10 August was prompted not so much by a desire to quicken time as by a need to escape it altogether. In centring upon a micro-historical analysis of the time discourse that accompanied 10 August, this article reassesses the theories of temporality that have emerged in the historiography of the Revolution by foregrounding the perspective of lived experience.
Replica evolution of classical fields in 4+1D spacetime toward real-time dynamics of quantum fields
Authors: Ohnishi Akira , Matsuda Hidefumi , Kunihiro Teiji , Takahashi Toru T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Real-time evolution of replicas of classical fields is proposed as an approximate simulator of real-time quantum field dynamics at finite temperatures. We consider $N$ classical field configurations, $(\phi_{{\tau{\boldsymbol{x}}}},\pi_{{\tau{\boldsymbol{x}}}}) (\tau=0,1,\ldots, N-1)$, dubbed as replicas, which interact with each other via $\tau$-derivative terms and evolve with the classical equation of motion. The partition function of replicas is found to be proportional to that of a quantum field in the imaginary-time formalism. Since the replica index can be regarded as the imaginary-time index, replica evolution is technically the same as the molecular dynamics part of hybrid Monte Carlo sampling. Then the replica configurations should reproduce the correct quantum equilibrium distribution after long time evolution. At the same time, evolution of the replica-index average of field variables is described by the classical equation of motion when the fluctuations are small. In order to examine the real-time propagation properties of replicas, we first discuss replica evolution in quantum mechanics. Statistical averages of observables are precisely obtained by the initial condition average of replica evolution, and the time evolution of the unequal-time correlation function, $\langle x(t) x(t')\rangle$, in a harmonic oscillator is also described well by the replica evolution in the range $T/\omega &gt; 0.5$. Next, we examine the statistical and dynamical properties of the $\phi^4$ theory in 4+1D spacetime, which contains three spatial, one replica index or imaginary time, and one real time. We note that the Rayleigh–Jeans divergence can be removed in replica evolution with $N \geq 2$ when the mass counterterm is taken into account. We also find that the thermal mass obtained from the unequal-time correlation function at zero momentum grows as a function of the coupling as in the perturbative estimate in the small coupling region.