bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International clinical practice recommendations on the definition, diagnosis, assessment, intervention, and psychosocial aspects of developmental coordination disorder – Chinese (Mandarin) translation
Authors: Hua Jing , Du Wenchong , Dai Xiaotian , Wu Meiqin , Cai Xianying , Shen Min , Zhu Liping 
Published: November 2020

目的本国际临床指南由欧洲残疾儿童学会（the European Academy of Childhood Disability，EACD）牵头制定，旨在解决发育性协调障碍（developmental coordination disorder，DCD）的定义、诊断、评估、干预以及与社会心理方面的临床应用关键问题。方法本指南针对五个领域的关键问题，通过文献综述和专家团队的正式讨论达成共识。为保证指南的循证基础，以“机制”、“评估”和“干预”为检索词, 对2012年更新以来提出的最新建议以及新增的“社会心理问题”和“青少年/成人”为检索词进行检索。根据牛津大学循证医学中心证据等级 (证据水平 [level of evidence, LOE]1–4) 将结果进行分类，最终转化为指南建议。并由国际、多学科专家小组举行了两次会议，5个回合的Delphi 专家问卷调查，制定了高质量临床应用实践 (good clinical practice，GCP) 。结果本指南共制定35条建议。其中8条以文献综述为依据 (3 条涉及“评估”，5条涉及“干预”)； 22 条在 2012 年指南的基础上进行了更新；其他为涉及诊断、评估 (3条GCP) 及社会心理问题 (2 条 GCP) 的新建议。此外，其中有1条(LOE)新建议提出视频游戏可作为以活动和参与为导向的传统干预措施的辅助手段，并针对青少年和成人DCD提出了 2 条新建议 (1 条 GCP，1 条 LOE)。结论本指南是基于当前的研究证据和专家共识对DCD进行全面概述。它反映了不同学科临床和科研人员的最新科技水平。本国际指南可作为各国制定指南的基础。
Spatial variation in invasive silver carp population ecology throughout the upper Mississippi River basin*
Authors: Sullivan Christopher J. , Weber Michael J. , Pierce Clay L. , Wahl David H. , Phelps Quinton E. , Colombo Robert E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding spatial variation in non‐native fish species population ecology is imperative, where environmental, biotic and invasion‐related mechanisms contribute to spatial heterogeneity. Established populations of invasive silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix are currently found throughout a large portion of the upper Mississippi River (UMR) basin. Despite their recent invasion and broad environmental tolerances, silver carp population ecology and linkages to environmental conditions in the UMR remain understudied. There were two objectives for this investigation: (a) to estimate correlations among population characteristics and the influence of latitude and the time since first detection, and (b) to model the influence of river discharge and temperature on growth early in life to age 3. We estimated spatial variability in silver carp population characteristics and dynamics from nine sites across the UMR and assessed if biotic, abiotic or invasion‐related (time since first detection) variables influence spatial patterns. Silver carp body weight, size structure, annual mortality, and growth parameters varied among locations. Silver carp recruitment was less stable for populations with higher relative abundance estimates and where carp were first detected ≥20 years ago whereas maximum carp age decreased with increasing latitude. Although model selection indicated silver carp length at age 3 was associated with mean daily discharge (m3/s) coefficient of variation, mean May‐June temperatures, and ordinal date of maximum discharge, parameter coefficients and effect sizes were small and not biologically meaningful. Our results suggest that silver carp populations are governed by intraspecific mechanisms, but time‐dependent changes in populations may partially underpin heterogeneity across populations. Our study helped further disentangle silver carp population ecology in the UMR by understanding carp ecology as a function of their invasion.
Inborn differences in emotional behavior coincide with alterations in hypothalamic paraventricular motor projections
Authors: Shupe Elizabeth A. , Glover Matthew E. , Unroe Keaton A. , Kerman Ilan A. , Clinton Sarah M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntegrated behavioral responses to emotionally salient stimuli require the concomitant activation of descending neural circuits that integrate physiological, affective, and motor responses to stress. Our previous work interrogated descending circuits in the brainstem and spinal cord that project to motor and sympathetic targets. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), a key node of this circuitry, integrates multiple motor and sympathetic responses activated by stress. The present study sought to determine whether descending projections from the PVN to targets in muscle and adrenal gland are differentially organized in rats with inborn differences in emotionality and stress responsivity. We utilized retrograde transsynaptic tract‐tracing with unique pseudorabies virus (PRV) recombinants that were injected into sympathectomized gastrocnemius muscle and adrenal gland in two rat models featuring inborn differences in emotional behavior. Our tract‐tracing results revealed a significant decrease in the number of PVN neurons with poly‐synaptic projections to the gastrocnemius in male Wistar Kyoto [WKY] rats (versus Sprague Dawley rats) and selectively bred Low Novelty Responder [bLR] rats (versus selectively bred High Novelty Responder [bHR] rats). These neuroanatomical differences mirrored behavioral observations showing that both WKY and bLR rats display marked inhibition of emotional motor responses in a variety of settings relative to their respective controls. Our findings suggest that, in male rodents, PVN poly‐synaptic projections to skeletal muscle may regulate emotional motor and coping responses to stress. More broadly, perturbations in PVN motor circuitry may play a role in mediating psychomotor disturbances observed in depression or anxiety‐related disorders.
Characterizing patterns of genomic variation in the threatened Utah prairie dog: Implications for conservation and management
Authors: Giglio Rachael M. , Rocke Tonie E. , Osorio Jorge E. , Latch Emily K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUtah prairie dogs (Cynomys parvidens) are federally threatened due to eradication campaigns, habitat destruction, and outbreaks of plague. Today, Utah prairie dogs exist in small, isolated populations, making them less demographically stable and more susceptible to erosion of genetic variation by genetic drift. We characterized patterns of genetic structure at neutral and putatively adaptive loci in order to evaluate the relative effects of genetic drift and local adaptation on population divergence. We sampled individuals across the Utah prairie dog species range and generated 2955 single nucleotide polymorphisms using double digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing. Genetic diversity was lower in low‐elevation sites compared to high‐elevation sites. Population divergence was high among sites and followed an isolation‐by‐distance model. Our results indicate that genetic drift plays a substantial role in the population divergence of the Utah prairie dog, and colonies would likely benefit from translocation of individuals between recovery units, which are characterized by distinct elevations, despite the detection of environmental associations with outlier loci. By understanding the processes that shape genetic structure, better informed decisions can be made with respect to the management of threatened species to ensure that adaptation is not stymied.
Leaching of dissolved organic carbon from mineral soils plays a significant role in the terrestrial carbon balance
Authors: Nakhavali Mahdi , Lauerwald Ronny , Regnier Pierre , Guenet Bertrand , Chadburn Sarah , Friedlingstein Pierre 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from soils to the river network is an overlooked component of the terrestrial soil C budget. Measurements of DOC concentrations in soil, runoff and drainage are scarce and their spatial distribution highly skewed towards industrialized countries. The contribution of terrestrial DOC leaching to the global‐scale C balance of terrestrial ecosystems thus remains poorly constrained. Here, using a process based, integrative, modelling approach to upscale from existing observations, we estimate a global terrestrial DOC leaching flux of 0.28 ± 0.07 Gt C year−1 which is conservative, as it only includes the contribution of mineral soils. Our results suggest that globally about 15% of the terrestrial Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP, calculated as the difference between Net Primary Production and soil respiration) is exported to aquatic systems as leached DOC. In the tropical rainforest, the leached fraction of terrestrial NEP even reaches 22%. Furthermore, we simulated spatial‐temporal trends in DOC leaching from soil to the river networks from 1860 to 2010. We estimated a global increase in terrestrial DOC inputs to river network of 35 Tg C year−1 (14%) from 1860 to 2010. Despite their low global contribution to the DOC leaching flux, boreal regions have the highest relative increase (28%) while tropics have the lowest relative increase (9%) over the historical period (1860s compared to 2000s). The results from our observationally constrained model approach demonstrate that DOC leaching is a significant flux in the terrestrial C budget at regional and global scales.
Climate, urbanization, and species traits interactively drive flowering duration
Authors: Li Daijiang , Barve Narayani , Brenskelle Laura , Earl Kamala , Barve Vijay , Belitz Michael W. , Doby Joshua , Hantak Maggie M. , Oswald Jessica A. , Stucky Brian J. , Walters Mitch , Guralnick Robert P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA wave of green leaves and multi‐colored flowers advances from low to high latitudes each spring. However, little is known about how flowering offset (i.e., ending of flowering) and duration of populations of the same species vary along environmental gradients. Understanding these patterns is critical for predicting the effects of future climate and land‐use change on plants, pollinators, and herbivores. Here, we investigated potential climatic and landscape drivers of flowering onset, offset, and duration of 52 plant species with varying key traits. We generated phenology estimates using >270,000 community‐science photographs and a novel presence‐only phenometric estimation method. We found longer flowering durations in warmer areas, which is more obvious for summer‐blooming species compared to spring‐bloomers driven by their strongly differing offset dynamics. We also found that higher human population density and higher annual precipitation are associated with delayed flowering offset and extended flowering duration. Finally, offset of woody perennials was more sensitive than herbaceous species to both climate and urbanization drivers. Empirical forecast models suggested that flowering durations will be longer in 2030 and 2050 under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5, especially for summer‐blooming species. Our study provides critical insight into drivers of key flowering phenophases and confirms that Hopkins’ Bioclimatic Law also applies to flowering durations for summer‐blooming species and herbaceous spring‐blooming species.
Selective extinctions resulting from random habitat destruction lead to under‐estimates of local and regional biodiversity loss in a manipulative field experiment
Authors: Almeida Ryan J. , Berro Alexander A. G. , Lippert Alston , Clary Jake , McKlin Sam , Scott Erin V. , Smith Kevin G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLand‐use change is a significant cause of anthropogenic extinctions, which are likely to continue and accelerate as habitat conversion proceeds in most biomes. One way to understand the effects of habitat loss on biodiversity is through improved tools for predicting the number and identity of species losses in response to habitat loss. There are relatively few methods for predicting extinctions and even fewer opportunities for rigorously assessing the quality of these predictions. In this paper, we address these issues by applying a new method based on rarefaction to predict species losses after random, but aggregated, habitat loss. We compare predictions from three rarefaction models, individual‐based, sample‐based, and spatially clustered, to those derived from a commonly used extinction estimation method, the species–area relationship (SAR). We apply each method to a mesocosm experiment, in which we aim to predict species richness and extinctions of arthropods immediately following 50% habitat loss. While each model produced strikingly accurate predictions of species richness immediately after the habitat loss disturbance, each model significantly underestimated the number of extinctions occurring at both the local (within‐mesocosm) and regional (treatment‐wide) scales. Despite the stochastic nature of our small‐scale, short‐term, and randomly applied habitat loss experiment, we found surprisingly clear evidence for extinction selectivity, for example, when abundant species with low extinction probabilities were extirpated following habitat loss. The important role played by selective extinction even in this contrived experimental system suggests that ecologically driven, trait‐based extinctions play an equally important role to stochastic extinction, even when the disturbance itself has no clear selectivity. As a result, neutrally stochastic null models such as the SAR and rarefaction are likely to underestimate extinctions caused by habitat loss. Nevertheless, given the difficulty of predicting extinctions, null models provide useful benchmarks for conservation planning by providing minimum estimates and probabilities of species extinctions.
Microscopic regulation of plant morphological pores on mechanical properties of porous mullite materials
Authors: Hu Jiaojiao , Li Shujing , Li Yuanbing , Li Xuesong , Xiang Ruofei , Qiao Zhe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGenerally, a multilayer structure is present inside a walnut shell, and the residual structure of the walnut shell is retained after impregnation and firing. When the walnut shell is used as a pore‐forming agent, this structure helps in improving the mechanical and thermal insulation properties of the lightweight porous materials. In this study, porous mullite materials (PMMs) with plant morphological structure pores were prepared using a‐Al2O3 and silica powder as the raw materials with addition of sol‐impregnated walnut shell powder (WSP). The influence of sol type and firing temperature on the pore structure of the PMMs was analyzed, which affected the compressive strength and thermal conductivity. The plant morphological porous structure was observed in the samples after sol impregnation. After firing at different temperatures, the porous structure gradually contracted and supported the pores, improving the mechanical properties, while the complex porous structure increased the heat conduction path, thereby improving the insulation performance. Using WSP impregnated with silica‐sol and zirconia‐sol as pore‐forming agents, PMMs with higher compressive strength and relatively low thermal conductivity (TC) were prepared.
Significance of the timing of ureteral ligation on prognosis during radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial cancer
Authors: Inokuchi Junichi , Kuroiwa Kentaro , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Kojima Takahiro , Kakehi Yoshiyuki , Sugimoto Mikio , Takenaka Atsushi , Fujimoto Kiyohide , Yamaguchi Raizo , Habuchi Tomonori , Hashine Katsuyoshi , Mizusawa Junki , Eba Junko , Naito Seiji ,   the Urologic Oncology Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG)
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact on intravesical recurrence and prognosis according to the ureteral ligation timing during radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective chart review of 664 patients with non‐metastatic upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma who underwent radical nephroureterectomy with ureteral ligation (supplementary analysis of JCOG1110A). We excluded patients with previous and/or synchronous bladder cancer, clinically node‐positive disease, no ureteral ligation data, those without ureteral ligation and those with any missing data. We investigated the cumulative incidence of intravesical recurrence and cancer‐specific mortality, and overall survival between patients with ureteral ligation before renovascular ligation (early ureteral ligation), or ureteral ligation after renovascular ligation (late ureteral ligation).ResultsEarly and late ureteral ligation was carried out in 243 patients (36.6%) and 421 patients (63.4%), respectively. Intravesical recurrence occurred in 218 patients (32.8%) during follow up (median 3.9 years). No significant difference in the intravesical recurrence was found between early and late ureteral ligation groups. Meanwhile, survival in the early ureteral ligation group was significantly worse compared with the late ureteral ligation group. Multivariable analysis showed that early ureteral ligation was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.24–2.85, P = 0.003) and cancer‐specific mortality (hazard ratio 1.93, 95% confidence interval 1.14–3.25, P = 0.014).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the incidence of intravesical recurrence is not affected by the timing of ureteral ligation during radical nephroureterectomy. However, early ureteral ligation might have a negative impact on survival outcomes.
Transvaginal polytetrafluoroethylene mesh surgery for pelvic organ prolapse: 1‐year clinical outcomes
Authors: Kawaguchi Shohei , Narimoto Kazutaka , Hamuro Akihiro , Nakagawa Tomomi , Urata Satoko , Kadomoto Suguru , Iwamoto Hiroaki , Yaegashi Hiroshi , Iijima Masashi , Nohara Takahiro , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Izumi Kouji , Tachibana Daisuke , Kadono Yoshifumi , Mizokami Atsushi , Koyama Masayasu 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of transvaginal mesh surgery using a polytetrafluoroethylene mesh to treat pelvic organ prolapse.MethodsThis prospective observational study included women undergoing transvaginal mesh surgery for pelvic organ prolapse that used new polytetrafluoroethylene mesh cut into a shape similar to that of Elevate. We evaluated the subjective and objective outcomes at 3 and 12 months, as well as postoperative complication rates.ResultsThis study included 55 patients. The pelvic organ prolapse quantification scores improved significantly at 3 and 12 months after surgery compared with scores before surgery. In four patients (7.3%), a pelvic examination showed stage 2 objective recurrence without subjective symptoms. Clavien–Dindo grades 2 and 3 perioperative complications were observed in 9.1% and 1.8% of the patients, respectively. Vaginal mesh exposure occurred in one patient (1.8%) at the time of the 3‐month follow‐up evaluation. The mesh was exposed at the proximal midline of the anterior vaginal wall.ConclusionsThese findings show the safe and effective use of the polytetrafluoroethylene mesh for transvaginal mesh surgery.
Should an online manufacturer partner with a competing or noncompeting retailer for physical showrooms?
Authors: Dan Bin , Zhang Haiyue , Zhang Xumei , Guan Zili , Zhang Shuguang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMore and more online manufacturers collaborate with offline retailers who provide retail services to showcase products in offline retailers’ stores and feature the stores as physical showrooms. Since offline retailers may be noncompeting or competing depending on the product they sell, we investigate two collaboration strategies. Our results show that product competition causes the decreased demand that is realized through physical showroom (negative competition effect) and the increased demand to buy online directly (positive spillover effect) for the online manufacturer. When the positive spillover effect dominates the negative competition effect, the online manufacturer prefers to partner with the competing retailer and strategically sets a high price. Interestingly, the online manufacturer's willingness to partner with the competing retailer may increase with competing product value. Besides, the online manufacturer may benefit from the increased value of the competing product and the increased commission that is paid to the retailer under product competition.
Foliar application of magnesium mitigates soil acidity stress in wheat
Authors: Kibria Mohammad Golam , Barton Louise , Rengel Zed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSoil acidity is one of the most important soil constraints for wheat growth, and magnesium (Mg) can play a critical role in mitigating the adverse effects of soil acidity on plants. There is, however, limited information available about the influence of Mg nutrition, especially foliar application, on wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth in acidic soil. In a series of glasshouse experiments, Al‐sensitive wheat genotype (ES8) was grown to vegetative stage (Zadoks 23) with or without foliar Mg application at different rates (0, 50, 200 and 1,000 mg Mg/L), and acidic soil was used as the growth medium with or without lime and Mg amendment. The effects of these treatments on plant growth, physiological responses, tissue concentration of Mg, dry biomass accumulation and root length were characterized. Magnesium application to foliage significantly increased (by around 14%) both shoot and root dry biomass compared to the control (0 foliar Mg). No significant variation was observed in response to different Mg salts (sulphate or chloride) applied to either soil or foliage in relation to wheat growth and physiological responses. Other than liming, foliar Mg application (200 mg Mg/L) coupled with Mg application to soil (20 mg/kg soil) provided optimum conditions for wheat growth in an acid soil. Leaf extension rate, chlorophyll content and root length of wheat treated with 200 mg Mg/L foliar application were increased significantly (by 12%, 10% and 23%, respectively) in comparison to plants treated with 0 foliar Mg. Physiological parameters such as net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were 4‐fold higher in foliar Mg‐treated plants compared with those receiving no foliar Mg. Therefore, applying 200 mg Mg/L to the foliage may assist in minimizing the negative impact of soil acidity on wheat growth.
Conversion between Mini‐Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in older adults undergoing selective surgery using Rasch analysis
Authors: Chen Xiaoying , Wen Huangliang , Wang Jinni , Yi Yayan , Wu Jialan , Liao Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo develop and validate a conversion table between the MMSE and the MoCA using Rasch analysis in older adults undergoing selective surgery and examine its diagnostic accuracy in detecting cognitive impairment.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsOlder patients [N = 129; age 66.0 (4.6) years, education 7.7 (3.5) years] undergoing elective surgery were recruited from December 2017 to June 2018. All participants completed the MMSE and MoCA and 113 of them completed a battery of neuropsychological tests. Common person linking based on Rasch analysis was performed to develop the conversion table. The conversions were validated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), score differences between actual and converted scores, and root mean squared error of the difference (RMSE). The diagnostic accuracy of the conversions for detecting cognitive impairment was also tested.ResultsThe MoCA [person measure: 1.3 (1.1) logits] was better targeted to the patients than the MMSE [person measure: 3.2 (1.3) logits]. Conversion from MoCA to MMSE scores (ICC 0.84, 95% CI 0.77–0.88; RMSE 1.36) was more precise than conversion from MMSE to MoCA (ICC 0.82, 95% CI 0.75–0.87; RMSE 2.56). Conversion from MoCA to MMSE demonstrated better diagnostic accuracy in detecting cognitive impairment than the actual MMSE, whereas conversion from MMSE to MoCA exhibited the opposite pattern.ConclusionConversion from MoCA to MMSE was more precise and had better diagnostic accuracy in detecting pre‐operative cognitive impairment in older patients undergoing selective surgery than conversion from MMSE into MoCA.ImpactThe finding is useful for interpreting, comparing, and integrating cognitive measurements in surgical settings and clinical research. Statistically sound conversion between MoCA and MMSE based on Rasch analysis is now possible for surgical setting and clinical research.