bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of drought and carbon dioxide on nutrient uptake and levels of nutrient‐uptake proteins in roots of barley
Authors: Bista Deepesh R. , Heckathorn Scott A. , Jayawardena Dileepa M. , Boldt Jennifer K. 
Published: October 2020

PremiseAtmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is increasing, as is the frequency and duration of drought in some regions. Elevated CO2 can decrease the effects of drought by further decreasing stomatal opening and, hence, water loss from leaves. Both elevated CO2 and drought typically decrease plant nutrient concentration, but their interactive effects on nutrient status and uptake are little studied. We investigated whether elevated CO2 helps negate the decrease in plant nutrient status during drought by upregulating nutrient‐uptake proteins in roots.MethodsBarley (Hordeum vulgare) was subjected to current vs. elevated CO2 (400 or 700 ppm) and drought vs. well‐watered conditions, after which we measured biomass, tissue nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations (%N and P), N‐ and P‐uptake rates, and the concentration of the major N‐ and P‐uptake proteins in roots.ResultsElevated CO2 decreased the impact of drought on biomass. In contrast, both drought and elevated CO2 decreased %N and %P in most cases, and their effects were additive for shoots. Root N‐ and P‐uptake rates were strongly decreased by drought, but were not significantly affected by CO2. Averaged across treatments, both drought and high CO2 resulted in upregulation of NRT1 (NO3− transporter) and AMT1 (NH4+ transporter) per unit total root protein, while only drought increased PHT1 (P transporter).ConclusionsElevated CO2 exacerbated decreases in %N and %P, and hence food quality, during drought, despite increases in the concentration of nutrient‐uptake proteins in roots, indicating other limitations to nutrient uptake.
Ancestry, health, and lived experiences of enslaved Africans in 18th century Charleston: An osteobiographical analysis
Authors: Fleskes Raquel E. , Ofunniyin Ade A. , Gilmore Joanna K. , Poplin Eric , Abel Suzanne M. , Bueschgen Wolf D. , Juarez Chelsey , Butler Nic , Mishoe Grant , Oubré La'Sheia , Cabana Graciela S. , Schurr Theodore G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn 2013, the burials of 36 individuals of putative African ancestry were discovered during renovation of the Gaillard Center in downtown Charleston, South Carolina. The Charleston community facilitated a bioarchaeological and mitogenomic study to gain insights into the lives of these unknown persons, referred to as the Anson Street Ancestors, including their ancestry, health, and lived experiences in the 18th century.MethodsMetric and morphological assessments of skeletal and dental characteristics were recorded, and enamel and cortical bone strontium stable isotope values generated. Whole mitochondrial genomes were sequenced and analyzed.ResultsOsteological analysis identified adults, both females and males, and subadults at the site, and estimated African ancestry for most individuals. Skeletal trauma and pathology were infrequent, but many individuals exhibited dental decay and abscesses. Strontium isotope data suggested these individuals mostly originated in Charleston or sub‐Saharan Africa, with many being long‐term residents of Charleston. Nearly all had mitochondrial lineages belonging to African haplogroups (L0‐L3, H1cb1a), with two individuals sharing the same L3e2a haplotype, while one had a Native American A2 mtDNA.DiscussionThis study generated detailed osteobiographies of the Anson Street Ancestors, who were likely of enslaved status. Our results indicate that the Ancestors have diverse maternal African ancestries and are largely unrelated, with most being born locally. These details reveal the demographic impact of the trans‐Atlantic slave trade. Our analysis further illuminates the lived experiences of individuals buried at Anson Street, and expands our understanding of 18th century African history in Charleston.
Spectrum of Single‐Photon Scattering in a Strong‐Coupling Hybrid Optomechanical System
Authors: Yang Si‐Yao , Jia Wen‐Zhi , Yuan Hao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe single‐photon excitation and transmission spectra of strong‐coupling hybrid optomechanics are theoretically analyzed, where a two‐level system (TLS) is coupled to a mechanical resonator (MR), generating Jaynes–Cummings‐type polariton doublets. In this model, both the optomechanical coupling and the TLS‐MR coupling are strong. In this parameter region, polaron‐assisted excitation reemission processes can strongly affect the single‐photon excitation and output spectra of the cavity. It is found that the fine structure around each sideband can be used to characterize the TLS‐MR and the effective TLS‐photon couplings, even at the single‐quantum level. Thus, the spectrum structures may make it possible to sensitively probe the quantum nature of a macroscopic mechanical element. A possible approach for tomographic reconstruction of the state of a TLS, utilizing the single‐photon transmission spectra, is further provided.
Is anaerobic digestion a feasible alternative to the combustion of olive mill solid waste in terms of energy production? A critical review
Authors: Serrano Antonio , Villa‐Gomez Denys , Fermoso Fernando G. , Alonso‐Fariñas Bernabé 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe use of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) for energy production has mainly been promoted through combustion processes. However, the EU is promoting the substitution of combustion in favor of greener alternatives. Several publications have stated that the energy obtained from anaerobic digestion (AD) is a feasible waste‐to‐energy technology for OMSW. However, these studies lack reliable energy balances that can assess this statement. The present research work aims to address this issue by evaluating the energy potential of the biomethanization of OMSW in comparison with the current combustion technology, based on a review of the available scientific literature. The present analysis demonstrates that the AD of OMSW can generate a net energy production in the same range as that obtained from the OMSW combustion, qualifying AD as an alternative to combustion but not clearly offering a surplus of energy production. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Transition zone prostate cancer is associated with better clinical outcomes than peripheral zone cancer
Authors: Sato Shun , Kimura Takahiro , Onuma Hajime , Egawa Shin , Takahashi Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the biological significance of zonal origins in prostate cancer.Patients and methodsAltogether, 270 consecutive radical prostatectomy cases from 2009 to 2012 were adopted. Cases were divided into those having transition zone (TZ) cancer or peripheral zone (PZ) cancer. Cases with indeterminate tumor location and central zone cancers were excluded from the analyses. Prognosis and clinicopathological features were compared between the two tumor locations. Biochemical recurrence (BCR) and clinical progression (CP) were adopted as prognostic outcome measures. Immunohistochemical features of the v‐ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG)/serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal‐type 1 (SPINK1) status, and loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN‐loss), as well as conventional preoperative and postoperative characteristics, were analyzed.ResultsThis cohort comprised 93 cases of TZ cancer and 160 cases of PZ cancer. TZ cancer cases showed significantly higher BCR and CP‐free survival rate than PZ cancer cases. Notably, no TZ cancer cases developed CP during the 7.8 years of median follow‐up time. Tumor location was an independent predictive factor for BCR in the multivariate analysis. Additionally, TZ cancer cases showed a significantly lower prevalence of ERG‐overexpression and PTEN‐loss than PZ cancer cases (3.2% vs 20.1% and 2.2% vs 18.2%, respectively).ConclusionTZ cancer cases showed a better prognosis and different immunohistochemical features. Conservative treatment strategies could be considered for TZ cancer cases.
Short to medium term outcomes of right ventricular outflow tract stenting as initial palliation for symptomatic infants with complete atrioventricular septal defect with associated tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Abumehdi Mohammad , Al Nasef Mohamed , Mehta Chetan , Botha Phil , McMahon Colin , Oslizlok Paul , Walsh Kevin P. , McCrossan Brian , Kenny Damien , Stümper Oliver 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the impact of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) stenting as the primary palliation in infants with complete atrioventricular septal defect with associated tetralogy of Fallot (cAVSD/TOF).BackgroundHistorically, palliation of symptomatic patients with cAVSD/TOF has been achieved through surgical systemic to pulmonary artery shunting. More recently RVOT stenting has evolved as an acceptable alternative in patients with tetralogy of Fallot.MethodsRetrospective review of all patients with cAVSD/TOF who underwent RVOT stenting as palliation over a 13‐year period from two large tertiary referral centers.ResultsTwenty‐six patients underwent RVOT stenting at a median age of 57 days (interquartile range [IQR] 25.5–106.5). Median weight for stent deployment was 3.7 kg (IQR 2.91–5.5 kg). RVOT stenting improved oxygen saturations from a median of 72% (IQR 70–76%) to 90% (IQR 84–92%), p < .001.There was a significant increase in the median Z‐score for both branch pulmonary arteries at median follow‐up of 255 days (IQR 60–455). Eight patients required RVOT stent balloon dilatations and 8 patients required re‐stenting for progressive desaturation. The median duration between reinterventions was 122 days (IQR 53–294 days). Four patients died during the follow‐up period. No deaths resulted from the initial intervention. To date, definitive surgical intervention was achieved in 19 patients (biventricular repair n = 15) at a median age of 369 days (IQR 223–546 days).ConclusionRVOT stenting in cAVSD/TOF is a safe and effective palliative procedure in symptomatic infants, promoting pulmonary artery growth and improving oxygen saturations.
Effect of Food Intake on the Pharmacokinetics of the Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulator Vilaprisan: A Randomized Clinical Study in Healthy Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Schultze‐Mosgau Marcus‐Hillert , Kaiser Andreas , Zollmann Frank S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis exploratory, open‐label, randomized, 3‐period crossover study in 12 healthy postmenopausal women investigated the effects of food intake on the pharmacokinetics of vilaprisan. Single doses of vilaprisan (2 mg) were administered under fasting conditions, after intake of a high‐fat, high‐calorie meal, and after intake of a moderate‐fat, moderate‐calorie meal. The intake of food had only a marginal impact on the oral bioavailability of vilaprisan. The mean exposure of vilaprisan (area under the plasma concentration‐time curve [AUC]) was increased by approximately 20% when the drug was taken after a meal and not on an empty stomach (point estimate for AUC ratios [%] and 90% confidence interval: high‐fat and ‐calorie meal/fasting 121 [114–128]; moderate‐fat and ‐calorie meal/fasting 118 [111–125]). The rate of absorption was slightly decreased when the drug was taken after a meal as indicated by approximately 10% lower mean maximum concentrations (Cmax) of vilaprisan in plasma (Cmax ratios: high‐fat and ‐calorie meal/fasting 87.9 [75.6–102]; moderate‐fat and ‐calorie meal/fasting 89.4 [76.9–104]) and a prolonged time to Cmax (fasting: 1.5 hours; fed conditions; ∼4 hours).Overall, the results of this study indicate that vilaprisan can be administered equally well with or without food.
A scalable Kalman filter algorithm: Trustworthy analysis on constrained least square model
Authors: D'Amore Luisa , Cacciapuoti Rosalba , Mele Valeria 
Published: October 2020

SummaryKalman filter (KF) is one of the most important and common estimation algorithms. We introduce an innovative designing of Kalman filter algorithm based on domain decomposition (we call it DD‐KF). DD‐KF involves decomposition of the whole computational problem, partitioning of the solution and a slight modification of KF algorithm allowing a correction at run‐time of local solutions. The resulted parallel algorithm consists of concurrent copies of KF algorithm, each one requiring the same amount of computations on each subdomain and an exchange of boundary conditions between adjacent subdomains. Main advantage of this approach is that it can be potentially applied in a moderately nonintrusive manner to existing codes for tracking and controlling systems in location, navigation, in computer graphics and in much more state estimation problems. To highlight the capability of DD‐KF of exploiting the computing power provided by future designs of microprocessors based on multi/many‐cores CPU/GPU technologies, we consider DD both at physical core level and at microprocessor level and we discuss scalability of DD‐KF algorithm at coarse and fine grained level. Throughout the present work, we derive and discuss DD‐KF algorithm for solving constrained least square model, which underlies any data sampling and estimation problem.
Silicon Photoanode Modified with Work‐function‐tuned Ni@FeyNi1−y(OH)2 Core‐Shell Particles for Water Oxidation
Authors: Liu Duanduan , Jiang Tong , Liu Depei , Zhang Weining , Qin Hao , Yan Shicheng , Zou Zhigang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting determines by the light absorption and charge extraction/injection. Here, we dispersedly modified the core‐shell structured Ni@NiyFe1−y(OH)2 on Si photoanodes and in‐situ electrochemically converted it to Ni@NiyFe1−yOOH to form a Si/SiOx/Ni@NiyFe1−yOOH assembly, exhibiting the adjustable band bending and catalytic ability in water oxidation depending closely on the composition of NiyFe1−yOOH. Combining with the island‐like dispersed distribution to maximize the light absorption and the Ni@NiyFe1−y shell as a high work function and a catalytic layer to simultaneously enlarge charge extraction and injection, the Si/SiOx/Ni@Ni0.7Fe0.3OOH assembly achieved an onset potential of 1.0 VRHE, a saturated current density of 35.4 mA cm−2 and a more than 50 h stability in an electrolyte with pH 9 under AM1.5G simulated sunlight irradiation. Our findings suggested that regulating the charge energetics at Si‐electrolyte interface by discontinuously modifying a composition‐adjustable core‐shell structure is a potential route to develop highly efficient PEC devices.
Is glaucoma an autoimmune disease?
Authors: Wakefield Denis , Wildner Gerhild 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is increasing evidence from animal and human studies that glaucoma is an autoimmune disease. Evidence for this hypothesis includes the fact that antibodies as well as T‐cell responses to heat‐shock proteins (HSPs) are detectable in some patients with glaucoma and in an animal model of the disease. As in the human disease, experimental animal models of glaucoma have been found to demonstrate neurodegenerative changes in the optic nerve associated with immunoglobulin and T‐cell infiltration. Although there is still insufficient evidence in humans to classify all cases of glaucoma as autoimmune diseases, the implications of this hypothesis have major impact on the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma.
The metastatic promoter DEPDC1B induces epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation via Rac1‐PAK1 signaling
Authors: Li Zean , Wang Qiong , Peng Shirong , Yao Kai , Chen Junxiu , Tao Yiran , Gao Ze , Wang Fen , Li Hui , Cai Wenli , Lai Yiming , Li Kaiwen , Chen Xu , Huang Hai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMetastasis is the major cause of prostate cancer (PCa)‐related mortality. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a vital characteristic feature that empowers cancer cells to adapt and survive at the beginning of metastasis. Therefore, it is essential to identify the regulatory mechanism of EMT in metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) and to develop a novel therapy to block PCa metastasis. Here, we discovered a novel PCa metastasis oncogene, DEP domain containing 1B (DEPDC1B), which was positively correlated with the metastasis status, high Gleason score, advanced tumor stage, and poor prognosis. Functional assays revealed that DEPDC1B enhanced the migration, invasion, and proliferation of PCa cells in vitro and promoted tumor metastasis and growth in vivo. Mechanistic investigations clarified that DEPDC1B induced EMT and enhanced proliferation by binding to Rac1 and enhancing the Rac1‐PAK1 pathway. This DEPDC1B‐mediated oncogenic effect was reversed by a Rac1‐GTP inhibitor or Rac1 knockdown. In conclusion, we discover that the DEPDC1B‐Rac1‐PAK1 signaling pathway may serve as a multipotent target for clinical intervention in mPCa.
Allylphenols as a new class of human 15‐lipoxygenase‐1 inhibitors
Authors: Alavi Seyed Jamal , Seyedi Seyed Mohammad , Saberi Satar , Safdari Hadi , Eshghi Hossein , Sadeghian Hamid 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, a series of mono‐ and diallylphenol derivative were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential human 15‐lipoxygenase‐1 (15‐hLOX‐1) inhibitors. Radical scavenging potency of the synthetic allylphenol derivatives was assessed and the results were in accordance with lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition potency. It was found that the electronic natures of allyl moiety and para substituents play the main role in radical scavenging activity and subsequently LOX inhibition potency of the synthetic inhibitors. Among the synthetic compounds, 2,6‐diallyl‐4‐(hexyloxy)phenol (42) and 2,6‐diallyl‐4‐aminophenol (47) showed the best results for LOX inhibition (IC50 = 0.88 and 0.80 μM, respectively).
One‐Pot Two‐Step Synthesis of Hydroxymethylated Unsaturated VHOSO and Its Application to the Synthesis of Biobased Polyurethanes
Authors: Cousin Kévin , Quienne Baptiste , Pinaud Julien , Caillol Sylvain , Monflier Eric , Hapiot Frédéric 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA one‐pot two‐step procedure is developed to catalytically convert very high‐oleic sunflower oil (VHOSO) into hydroxymethylated unsaturated derivatives featuring both primary alcohols and carbon–carbon double bonds. The degree of functionalization in alcohols and C═C double bonds can be accurately controlled affording low and high substituted hydroxymethylated VHOSO. The key point to achieve such control is to partly hydroformylate the C═C bonds at 80 °C and to subsequently reduce the reaction temperature to 20 °C to selectively reduce the aldehydes, while keeping a high CO/H2 pressure. Step‐growth polymerization of highly substituted hydroxymethylated VHOSO with cyclohexyl isocyanate or 4,4ʹ‐methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) furnishes biobased polyurethanes with improved thermal stability compared to similar polyurethanes synthesized from castor oil.Practical Applications: This study highlights the implementation of triglycerides featuring both C═C double bonds and hydroxymethyl groups. The synthesis proceeds through a one‐pot two‐steps procedure that consists of a hydroformylation reaction at 80 °C followed by a hydrogenation reaction carried out at room temperature. This simple synthetic procedure is of major interest in a context of an industrial–environmental approach. The high reactivity of the obtained primary alcohols allows the synthesis of bio‐PUs, displaying untouched C═C double bonds, which could be further functionalized. This finding is of importance as the obtained bio‐PUs can be used in many industrial areas such as foams, elastomers, thermoplastics, thermosets, adhesives, coatings, sealants and fibers.
Recent advances in hybrid perovskite nanogenerators
Authors: Ding Ran , Wong Man‐Chung , Hao Jianhua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHybrid organic‐inorganic halide perovskites have attracted massive attention during the last several years because of their promising properties for high‐performance electronic and optoelectronic devices. The intriguing ferroic nature of hybrid perovskites, especially ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties, bring new opportunities for mechanical energy harvesting applications. They are also introduced as triboelectric materials coupling with their remarkable dielectric and electrical features. This mini review presents a concise overview of the recent progress on hybrid perovskite nanogenerators, including piezoelectric nanogenerators and triboelectric nanogenerators. Different dimensional perovskites with prominent ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties are discussed in detail. Lastly, we provide a brief outlook for the future development of self‐powered wearable electronics based on hybrid perovskites.image
Using Mediation Analysis to Uncover Psychological Mechanisms of Attitude Change in a Development Volunteer Program
Authors: Bruder Martin , Polak Jan Tobias , Guffler Kerstin , Scheinert Laura 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOne aim of development volunteer services is to foster positive attitudes in participants toward those they encounter in their host countries. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying such attitude change remain underexplored. This is true despite intergroup contact theory proposing that contact between groups causes more positive intergroup attitudes through the mechanism of increased mutual knowledge, improved perspective‐taking, and higher levels of empathy. A theory‐based multi‐method evaluation of the German weltwärts development volunteer service included a quasi‐experimental component to address the question of whether and how development volunteering contributes to such attitude change. Part of this component was the specification of a multiple‐mediator model based on intergroup contact theory to investigate the mechanism that brings about attitude change at a critical juncture of the program theory. The evaluation observed a highly significant small‐to‐medium‐sized effect of development volunteering on intergroup attitudes (β = .19). The analysis revealed that this effect was fully mediated by changes in the mediational pathways of knowledge, perspective‐taking, and empathy. The mediation analysis thereby lent strong support to the validity of causal hypotheses derived from intergroup contact theory in the context of development volunteering. It also substantially increased the explanatory strength, utility, and policy relevance of the evaluation. Based on these evaluation findings, development volunteer services should be designed such that they allow for the identified mechanism to fully unfold in order to increase program effectiveness. The chapter ends with a discussion of limitations and future directions concerning the use of mediation analysis in program evaluation.
The 100-Watt Method: A Protocol for Backpack Electrofishing in Small Streams
Authors: Meyer Kevin A , Chiaramonte Luciano V , Reynolds James B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present a 100-Watt protocol for backpack electrofishing to capture salmonids in small streams. The protocol requires that electrofisher settings produce ~100 W of average power output. Since 2000, the protocol has been used in Idaho streams ranging in ambient conductivity from ~20–1,000 µS/cm and water temperatures from ~0–28°C, and results in satisfactory capture efficiency and desired fish response (i.e., taxis and immobilization) for pulse frequencies ranging from 30–60 Hz. Moreover, resulting spinal injuries are low (&lt;5%) and similar between 30 and 60 Hz, contradicting past studies that show higher injury rates for salmonids at higher pulse frequencies. Despite significant variation in pulse frequency, fish size, and water conductivity, the 100-W target works for salmonids in small streams because fish are especially vulnerable to electrofishing in small water volumes where boundary effects concentrate the electric field. Avenues of further research are highlighted that would more fully evaluate the 100-W method.