bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skeletal muscle size, function, and adiposity with lifelong aerobic exercise
Authors: Chambers Toby L. , Burnett Timothy R. , Raue Ulrika , Lee Gary A. , Finch W. Holmes , Graham Bruce M. , Trappe Todd A. , Trappe Scott 
Published: December 2019

We examined the influence of lifelong aerobic exercise on skeletal muscle size, function, and adiposity. Young exercisers [YE; n = 20, 10 women (W), 25 ± 1 yr], lifelong exercisers (LLE; n = 28, 7 W, 74 ± 2 yr), and old healthy nonexercisers (OH; n = 20, 10 W, 75 ± 1 yr) were studied. On average, LLE exercised 5 days/wk for 7 h/wk over the past 52 ± 1 yr. The LLE men were subdivided by exercise intensity [Performance (LLE-P), n = 14; Fitness (LLE-F), n = 7]. Upper and lower leg muscle size and adiposity [intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT)] were determined via MRI, and quadriceps isotonic and isometric function was assessed. For the quadriceps, aging decreased muscle size, isotonic and isometric strength, contraction velocity (men only), and power ( P < 0.05). In women, LLE did not influence muscle size or function. In men, LLE attenuated the decline in muscle size and isometric strength by ~50% ( P < 0.05). LLE did not influence other aspects of muscle function, nor did training intensity influence muscle size or function. For the triceps surae, aging decreased muscle size only in the women, whereas LLE (both sexes) and training intensity (LLE men) did not influence muscle size. In both sexes, aging increased thigh and calf IMAT by ~130% ( P < 0.05), whereas LLE attenuated the thigh increase by ~50% ( P < 0.05). In the LLE men, higher training intensity decreased thigh and calf IMAT by ~30% ( P < 0.05). In summary, aging and lifelong aerobic exercise influenced muscle size, function, and adipose tissue infiltration in a sex- and muscle-specific fashion. Higher training intensity throughout the life span provided greater protection against adipose tissue infiltration into muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to examine skeletal muscle size, function, and adiposity in women and men in their eighth decade of life that have engaged in lifelong aerobic exercise. The findings reveal sex and upper and lower leg muscle group-specific benefits related to skeletal muscle size, function, and adiposity and that exercise intensity influences intermuscular adiposity. This emerging cohort will further our understanding of the health implications of maintaining exercise throughout the life span.
Continuous kannada speech segmentation and speech recognition based on threshold using MFCC And VQ
Authors: Gowda Vanajakshi Puttaswamy , Murugavelu Mathivanan , Thangamuthu Senthil Kumaran 
Published: December 2019

<p><span>Continuous speech segmentation and its recognition is playing important role in natural language processing. Continuous context based Kannada speech segmentation depends on context, grammer and semantics rules present in the kannada language. The significant feature extraction of kannada speech signal for recognition system is quite exciting for researchers. In this paper proposed method is divided into two parts. First part of the method is continuous kannada speech signal segmentation with respect to the context based is carried out by computing average short term energy and its spectral centroid coefficients of the speech signal present in the specified window. The segmented outputs are completely meaningful segmentation for different scenarios with less segmentation error. The second part of the method is speech recognition by extracting less number Mel frequency cepstral coefficients with less number of codebooks using vector quantization .In this recognition is completely based on threshold value.This threshold setting is a challenging task however the simple method is used to achieve better recognition rate.The experimental results shows more efficient and effective segmentation with high recognition rate for any continuous context based kannada speech signal with different accents for male and female than the existing methods and also used minimal feature dimensions for training data.</span></p>
Material to Remember?
Authors: Schulz Verena 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses how the space designed by ‘bad’ emperors such as Nero and Domitian is described in Tacitus, Cassius Dio, and Suetonius. It argues that these authors use space to depict these emperors as tyrants. First, we will study how Roman emperors use space to fashion their memory. Their design of space is subject to interpretation, in particular as regards Roman emperors who were praised during their lifetime, but were considered tyrants after their death. In later historiography and biography, the depiction of their imperial space fulfils several functions. These functions, which together make this space appear as ‘tyrannical’ space, are the focus of the second part of the article. Finally, this negative framing of tyrannical space is complemented by the strategy of avoiding mention of certain spatial elements at all. I shall argue that this forgetting of tyrannical space can be explained by its potentially positive memory.
Host suitability of cover crops for Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita
Authors: Ferreira Paula Santos , Torres José Luiz Rodrigues , Santos Maria Amelia dos , Parolini Ricardo de Oliveira , Lemes Ernane Miranda 
Published: December 2019

Summary
Management of plant-parasitic nematodes in no-tillage systems relies on knowledge of the species, their abundance and their host range in a certain cropping area. Crop rotation is one of the most efficient techniques in the control of plant-parasitic nematodes; thus, the identification of non-host plant species is essential. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the host suitability of different cover crops used in crop rotations to control two of the most devastating plant-parasitic nematodes in the Brazilian central region, Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomised design under glasshouse conditions. In the M. incognita experiment, seven treatments (cover crops) were evaluated: Crotalaria juncea (sunn hemp; CJ), Stylosanthes humilis (Townsville stylo; TS), Pennisetum glaucum (millet; M), Triticum aestivum (wheat; W), Mucuna aterrima (black mucuna, BM), Glycine max (soybean treated with nematicide (fluensulfona) (SN) and soybean without nematicide (SwN)). In the M. javanica experiment, nine treatments were evaluated: Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Brassica napus (canola), B. nigra (mustard), CJ, M, W, BM, SN and SwN. The evaluations were performed 60 days after inoculation, when eggs and juveniles were present in the plant roots and soil, and the nematode reproduction factors (RF) were determined. The results indicated that CJ, M and BM were effective in controlling M. javanica and M. incognita. The SwN and even SN resulted in high RF and were not effective in the control of M. javanica and M. incognita.
Morphological differences between free-living soil and freshwater nematodes in relation to their environments
Authors: Zullini Aldo , Semprucci Federica 
Published: December 2019

Summary
There is no single feature to distinguish free-living soil nematodes from freshwater nematodes, also because all free-living nematodes are essentially aquatic. This notwithstanding, by examining the frequencies of some characters of 1141 European species, differences of qualitative/quantitative characters between soil and freshwater nematodes were found. In particular, aquatic and semi-aquatic species are, on average, longer and slimmer than soil species, have a longer tail, greater body weight, smooth cuticle and larger amphids. A new body parameter, length of the pharynx in relation to the length of the whole digestive tract (e), was also taken into consideration.
Secular Apathy and the Public Paradox of the Gospel: Towards Radical Inculturated Proclamation
Authors: Edwards Aaron P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article engages the condition of religious apathy in western secular society, drawing on the apparent pessimism of secularization as a creative catalyst for re-imagining the scope of public mission. It first highlights the reality of religious apathy as observed sociologically, and briefly surveys varied missiological responses to western church decline. An alternative response, ‘Radical Inculturated Proclamation’ is then offered, embodying the inherently paradoxical nature of the Gospel as both drastically distinct and culturally embedded within the religiously apathetic western context. This concept is further explored with a nuanced reflection on the intentionally ‘absurd’ idea of self-aware street preaching and the possible implications for creative interruption of contemporary public spaces. Incorporating the perceived inappropriateness of such practices is deliberate, enabling active embodiment of the Gospel’s inculturated radicality within a public sphere with no apparent ears to hear. Such a proposal contributes to public theological engagement by reconstructing the cultural and theological limitations of contemporary kerygmatic expression within a post-Christendom context.
The Latter Rain Revisited
Authors: Isgrigg Daniel D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article explores the origins of the “latter rain” metaphor in the decades prior to its use in the pentecostal movement. While the importance of this metaphor has been documented by pentecostal histories, this is the first study of the origins of the metaphor of the latter rain and how it emerged within Wesleyan circles, was adopted by restorationist groups, and ultimately resulted in the pentecostal movement.
Pentecost Past or Present
Authors: Handasyde Kerrie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Charismatic elements were suppressed among colonial Australian Churches of Christ (Disciples) only to re-emerge a century later. Understandings of the work of the Holy Spirit were contested in Churches of Christ in Australia, Britain, and America, as the denomination struggled to account for the work of the Holy Spirit in contemporary times due to its foundational opposition to creeds, distrust of experientialism, and insistence on a rational common sense reading of the New Testament. This article examines Australian Churches of Christ responses to charismatic phenomena via several previously unexamined texts against the background of nineteenth-century revivalism, twentieth-century Pentecostalism, and the charismatic movement of the 1960s and ’70s. It finds that a church that once suppressed the story of an advocate of Holy Spirit baptism came to accommodate the language of renewal.
Seeking the Muslim Gandhi
Authors: Esack Farid , Kunnummal Ashraf 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the question of Islam and its relationship to violence in Muslim reformer Asghar Ali Engineer’s pre- and post-11 September 2001 works in response to the attacks on the Twin Towers in New York and the Pentagon in Washington, DC. We argue that that while his pre-9/11 approach to violence offers a much more historical and systemic account of violence by viewing it as a societal problem involving a number of different agents, the post-9/11 evocation of Gandhi does the opposite. By evoking the figure of Gandhi in a post-9/11 context, Engineer not only addresses the issue of violence as a peculiarly Muslim one but forecloses any possibility to understanding violence as a historically evolving and systemically operating phemonenon. In ignoring this, Engineer finds himself well accommodated within the larger politics of Empire and its dehistoricised, naturalised, and individualised interpretation of Muslim related violence.
Land, (In)Justice and Poverty
Authors: Meylahn Johann-Albrecht 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, land will be interpreted as space, which, together with time, carries out the world in which to live, namely, to exist (Dasein). One is never alone in these time-spaces (Mitsein), as one shares these time-spaces with others, and therefore these time-spaces are conflictual or antagonistic. The main reason for this antagonism is the role that power plays in the carrying out of a particular time-space. The play between time and space can also be interpreted as metaphysics: Zeit-Spiel-Raum. As there are different and competing metaphysical constructions, these time-spaces will be riddled with antagonism. Capitalism, with its focus on private property, is one possible metaphysical system that carries out a certain time-space, yet there are other metaphysical systems which carry out a more communal time-space. These competing metaphysical systems often cannot be reconciled, which then forces the question: on what basis, or with which criteria would one discern between these different time-spaces – which brings one into the field of ethics and consequently justice and its inverse injustice. The paper will seek to propose a trans-fictional praxis as an agonistic approach to these competing and antagonistic metaphysical worlds, who are seeking to determine and control the time-spaces.
Shamanism and Healing Experts
Authors: Gerstenberger Ehrhard S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This essay argues that evidence suggests that shamanistic-type healing experts were found in ancient Israel, and that the kind of healing rituals show similarities to other such shamanistic practices in other contexts. Hebrew Scriptures provides evidence for a range of designations for such persons dedicated to the mediating office between humans and the divine, some of which have certainly been involved with the art of curing. Narrative and prophetic literatures offer some illuminating evidence for healing specialists. Particular attention is paid to supplicatory psalms in the Old Testament which suggest the mediating role of healing experts. Further comparisons with Sumero-Babylonian professional rites and Navajo healing chants establish the likelihood of the presence and activities of such shamanistic-type healing experts in ancient Israel.
Entangled Belongings
Authors: Ifekwunigwe Jayne O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Based on auto/biographical and ethnographic narratives and conceptual theories, this essay explores the Global African Diaspora as a racialised space of belonging for African diasporas in the US, the UK, and – more recently – the clandestine migration zones from Africa to southern Europe. Both approaches are used to illustrate the author’s roots, routes, and detours; an interpretive paradigm highlighting the interconnectedness across time and space of differential African diasporas. The critical analysis interrogates transnational modalities of black and Global African Diasporic kinship, consciousness, and solidarity engendered by shared lived experiences of institutionalised racism, structural inequalities, and violence.
Mobility
Authors: Kleist Nauja 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this keyword, I reflect upon African diaspora in a mobilities perspective, exploring analytical and empirical resonance and tensions. Despite the boom of diaspora and mobilities studies in the last decades, research explicitly linking these two literatures is still nascent. Exploring diaspora through a mobilities perspective, I suggest that attention to regimes of mobilities and migratory trajectories can yield important insights. The first perspective highlights how mobility and immobility is governed, facilitated or constrained historically and today, shedding light on the unequal distribution of safe, legal and free (im)mobility for African diaspora groups, whether ‘old’ or ‘new’; the second illuminates the twists and turns of migratory journeys or displacement, bringing attention beyond the host land – homeland axis found in some diaspora studies. Finally, turning the analytical lens around, I dwell upon temporality and belonging in diaspora studies and how they link to mobility, with emphasis on potentiality and elusiveness rather than fixity and stability.
التأصيل الفقهي في الاجتهاد الحديث: تطويع الفقه لمقتضيات العصر
Authors: الحاج عبد الرحمن 
Published: December 2019

الخلاصة
في مواجهة تغير موقع الشريعة في الدولة الحديثة وجد الفقيه الحديث نفسه أمام مهمة تغطية المستجدات الهائلة بأحكام فقهية، فابتكر آلية اجتهادية هي "التأصيل،" سمحت له بممارسة الاجتهاد والعبور بين المذاهب التي كان مقيدًا بها قبل ذلك؛ وذلك بهدف إثبات صلاحية الشريعة للأزمنة الحديثة وتلاؤمها مع مقتضيات العصر، مما يأمل من خلاله استعادة الشريعة لموقعها القديم.
يشرح هذا البحث هذه الآلية الاجتهادية الجديدة، والممارسة الفقهية التي تمت بموجبها من خلال أمثلة تتعلق بالمجالين السياسي والاقتصادي؛ باعتبارهما أكثر المجالات تأثرًا بالتحولات الجديدة ووضوحًا وتأثيراً في الحياة اليومية. وتكشف هذه الأمثلة – بمجموعها – طبيعة هذه الممارسة الفقهية التي أفضت إلى كسر المنطق الناظم للفقه الإسلامي وتطويعه لمقتضيات العصر ومتطلباته، وعلى الرغم من أنها تمثل تياراً بين تيارات فقهية أخرى، إلا أن هذه الممارسة كشفت عن مأزق الفقيه في العالم الحديث والمعضلة المركبة التي يواجهها، فهو إن لبى متطلبات العصر وشرعنها كاسراً قواعد الفقه ومنطقه عزز ضعف الشريعة في التأثير على الحياة العامة، وإن هو وقف في مواجهة هذه المتطلبات عزز انعزال الشريعة. وفي كلا الحالتين يكرّس الفقيه موقع الشريعة الذي فرضته الدولة الحديثة خارج التأثير على الحياة العامة.
Response of Total and Eddy Kinetic Energy to the Recent Spinup of the Beaufort Gyre
Authors: Regan Heather , Lique Camille , Talandier Claude , Meneghello Gianluca 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Beaufort Gyre in the Arctic Ocean has spun up over the past two decades in response to changes of the wind forcing and sea ice conditions, accumulating a significant amount of freshwater. Here a simulation performed with a high-resolution, eddy-resolving model is analyzed in order to provide a detailed description of the total and eddy kinetic energy and their response to this spinup of the gyre. On average, and in contrast to the typical open ocean conditions, the levels of mean and eddy kinetic energy are of the same order of magnitude, and the eddy kinetic energy is only intensified along the boundary and in the subsurface. In response to the strong anomalous atmospheric conditions in 2007, the gyre spins up and the mean kinetic energy almost doubles, while the eddy kinetic energy does not increase significantly for a long time period. This is because the isopycnals are able to flatten and the gyre expands outwards, reducing the potential for baroclinic instability. These results have implications for understanding the mechanisms at play for equilibrating the Beaufort Gyre and the variability and future changes of the Arctic freshwater system.
Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: Yolland Caitlin OB , Hanratty Donal , Neill Erica , Rossell Susan L , Berk Michael , Dean Olivia M , Castle David J , Tan Eric J , Phillipou Andrea , Harris Anthony WF , Barreiros Ana Rita , Hansen Abigail , Siskind Dan 
Published: December 2019

Objective: There is accumulating evidence that adjunctive treatment with N-acetylcysteine may be effective for schizophrenia. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis examining the efficacy of randomised control trials investigating N-acetylcysteine as an adjunct treatment for schizophrenia and the first to investigate cognition as an outcome. Methods: We systematically reviewed Medline, EmCare, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL Complete, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database and the Cochrane Clinical Trials online registry for randomised control trials of N-acetylcysteine for schizophrenia. We undertook pairwise meta-analyses of N-acetylcysteine vs placebo for psychosis symptoms and cognition. Results: Seven studies, including n = 220 receiving N-acetylcysteine and n = 220 receiving placebo, met inclusion criteria for the pairwise meta-analyses. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative and total scores were significantly improved in the N-acetylcysteine group after 24 weeks of treatment. The cognitive domain of working memory improved with N-acetylcysteine supplementation. Conclusion: Evidence supports the notion that N-acetylcysteine may be a useful adjunct to standard treatment for the improvement of schizophrenia symptoms, as well as the cognitive domain of working memory. Treatment effects were observed at the later time point (⩾24 weeks), suggesting that longer interventions are required for the success of N-acetylcysteine treatment.
Supporting Independence at Home of People with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Literature Review
Authors: Marcotte Justine , Grandisson Marie , Piquemal Claire , Boucher Anabel , Rheault Marie-Ève , Milot Élise 
Published: December 2019

Background.The integration of a life environment enabling people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to fully exercise their independence must be well prepared.Purpose.Review and describe interventions intended to develop the independence at home of people with ASD.Method.The PRISMA method was used to perform a systematic review based on 19 keywords, grouped under three concepts: (a) population age (adolescents and adults), (b) diagnosis (ASD), and (c) independence.Findings.Seven effective interventions were identified in the 20 selected articles: (a) video self-modeling, (b) video modeling, (c) behavioural interventions, (d) video prompting, (e) transition planning program, (f) training in the use of a cognitive aid, and (g) social skills group.Implications.The results of this review will help guide practitioners in the implementation of interventions that foster the development of independence at home of people with ASD.
Suggested amendment of TI-RADS classification of thyroid nodules by shear wave elastography
Authors: Yang Jin-Ru , Song Yan , Xue Shan-Shan , Ruan Li-Tao 
Published: December 2019

Background The application of the ultrasound elastography and Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) classification further expands the scope of ultrasound differential diagnosis between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Purpose To investigate the value of the quantitative parameter of ultrasonic shear waves in optimizing the TI-RADS classification of thyroid nodules. Material and Methods A total of 168 thyroid nodules, initially classified using TI-RADS and scanned by shear wave elastography (SWE), were retrospectively analyzed. All cases were diagnosed by fine needle aspiration and histology following surgery. Results The benign rate of TI-RADS 3 nodules was 76.5%, while the benign rate of TI-RADS 4a nodules was 71.7%. Furthermore, the malignant rate of TI-RADS 4b nodules was 69.7%, while the malignant rate of TI-RADS 4c nodules was 85.7%. In differentiating benign from malignant nodules, the combination of TI-RADS classification and Emean had the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Using an Emean value of 42.25 kpa as the cut-off point, the malignant rate of TI-RADS 4a nodules decreased from 28.3% to 23.5%, while the malignant rate of TI-RADS 4b nodules increased from 69.7% to 79.4%. Compared to conventional ultrasound alone, the sensitivity, negative predictive value, and AUC of conventional ultrasound combined with SWE in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules significantly improved ( P=0.012, 0.029, 0.001). Conclusion The SWE technique can be used to further determine the benign and malignant nature of TI-RADS 4 lesions, providing further reference for the choice of clinical treatment. The TI-RADS classification system corrected by SWE is more significant in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.