bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study of the Effects of Confinement on Concurrent-Flow Flame Spread in Microgravity
Authors: Li Yanjun , Liao Ya-Ting T. , Ferkul Paul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The objective of this work is to investigate the aerodynamics and thermal interactions between a spreading flame and the surrounding walls as well as their effects on fire behaviors. A three-dimensional transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) combustion model is used to simulate concurrent-flow flame spread over a thin solid sample in a narrow flow duct. The height of the flow duct is the main parameter. The numerical results predict a quenching height for the flow duct below which the flame fails to spread. For duct heights sufficiently larger than the quenching height, the flame reaches a steady spreading state before the sample is fully consumed. The flame spread rate and the pyrolysis length at steady-state first increase and then decrease when the flow duct height decreases. The detailed gas and solid profiles show that flow confinement has multiple effects on the flame spread process. On one hand, it accelerates flow during thermal expansion from combustion, intensifying the flame. On the other hand, increasing flow confinement reduces the oxygen supply to the flame and increases conductive heat loss to the walls, both of which weaken the flame. These competing effects result in the aforementioned nonmonotonic trend of flame spread rate as duct height varies. Near the quenching duct height, the transient model reveals that the flame exhibits oscillation in length, flame temperature, and flame structure. This phenomenon is suspected to be due to thermodiffusive instability.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation of Pitch Variations on Helically Coiled Pipe in Laminar Flow Region
Authors: Faraj Anwer F. F. , Azzawi Itimad D. J. , Yahya Samir Gh. , Al-Damook Amer 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Experimental investigations of the flows inside helically coiled pipe are difficult and may also be expensive, particularly for small diameters. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) packages, which can easily construct the geometry and change the dimensions with 100% of accuracy, provide an alternative solution for the experimental difficulties and uncertainties. Therefore, a CFD study was conducted to analyze the flow structure and the effect of varying the coil pitch on the coil friction factor, through utilizing different models' configurations. Two coils were tested, all of them sharing the same pipe and coil diameter: 0.005 m and 0.04 m, respectively. Pitch variations began with 0.01 and 0.05 m for the first and second model, respectively. In this study, the velocity was analyzed, and the effects of this reduction on coil friction factor were also examined using laminar flow. The results were validated by Ito's equation for the laminar flow.
A Novel Design of Liquid Volumetric Plated Cavity Receiver for Central Tower Systems
Authors: Singh Om , Bhatwadekar Kaustubh , Kartheek N. G. , Kedare Shireesh B. , Singh Suneet 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Previously reported studies have shown that the volumetric receivers have lower radiative and convective losses, leading to higher efficiency. However, the conventional volumetric receivers are difficult to use along with the thermal storage systems, owing to the use of air as the heat transfer fluid. Molten salt, having high heat capacity, emerges as a suitable candidate to be employed as the heat transfer fluid and for storing thermal energy in the storage devices. It is challenging to use the molten salt in the conventional volumetric receiver configuration; therefore, a novel design called Liquid Volumetric Plated Cavity Receiver is proposed, where the solar salt is used as heat transfer fluid. It consists of a parallel arrangement of hollow plates in an open cavity. Solar radiation concentrated by the heliostat field is absorbed on the outer surface of the hollow plates. The heat is then taken away by the molten salt flowing inside the hollow plates. The plates are arranged such that the molten salt gets heated up within the volume of the enclosure, effectively mimicking the heating performance of the volumetric receivers. Using an analytical model for heat losses, it is observed that the losses are very sensitive to the aspect ratio of the aperture and depth of the receiver. The effects of receiver inclination, plate orientations, radiation incident at the aperture, and surface emissivity have been investigated as well. The results show that a Liquid Volumetric Plated Cavity Receiver increases the efficiency (by ∼3%) as compared with that of the simple cubic receiver.
Biomarker evidence of algal-microbial community changes linked to redox and salinity variation, Upper Devonian Chattanooga Shale (Tennessee, USA)
Authors: Song Yi , Gilleaudeau Geoffrey J. , Algeo Thomas J. , Over D. Jeffrey , Lyons Timothy W. , Anbar Ariel D. , Xie Shucheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLate Devonian marine systems were characterized by major environmental perturbations and associated biotic community changes linked to climate change and widespread oceanic anoxia. Here, we provide high-resolution lipid biomarker chemostratigraphic records from the Upper Devonian Chattanooga Shale (Tennessee, USA) to investigate algal-microbial community changes in the southern Illinois Basin that were related to contemporaneous shifts in marine redox (as proxied by trace metals, Fe-species, and Corg/P) and salinity conditions (as proxied by B/Ga, Sr/Ba, and S/total organic carbon). The Frasnian was characterized by dominantly bacterial lipids (high hopane/sterane), near-marine salinity, and a shift from oxic to increasingly reducing conditions in response to increasing organic carbon sinking fluxes. Aryl isoprenoids and aryl isoprenoid ratios reveal that the O2-H2S chemocline was unstable and intermittently shallow (i.e., within the photic zone). The Frasnian-Famennian boundary was marked by a shift in microalgal community composition toward green algal (e.g., prasinophyte) dominance (lower C27 and higher C28 and C29 steranes), a sharp reduction in watermass salinity, and a stable O2-H2S chemocline below the photic zone, conditions that persisted until nearly the end of the Famennian. We infer that changing watermass conditions, especially a sharp reduction in salinity to possibly low-brackish conditions (&lt;10 psu), were the primary cause of concurrent changes in the microalgal community, reflecting tolerance of low-salinity conditions by green algae. Transient spikes in moretane/hopane (M/H) ratios may record enhanced terrestrial weathering at the Frasnian-Famennian and Devonian–Carboniferous boundaries, triggered by coeval glacio-eustatic falls and increased inputs of soil organic matter. High M/H and pristane/phytane, in combination with low chemical index of alteration and K/Al, record a decrease in chemical weathering intensity during the Famennian that may have been due to contemporaneous climatic cooling, and a concurrent reduction in silt content may reflect stabilization of land surfaces by vascular plants and resulting reduced sediment yields. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining organic and inorganic geochemical proxies (including novel paleosalinity indices) for determination of environmental controls on the composition and productivity of plankton communities in paleomarine systems.
Cross-sectional study of population-specific streptococcal antibody titres in Uganda
Authors: Okello Emmy , Murali Meghna , Rwebembera Joselyn , Atala Jenifer , Bowen Asha C , Harik Nada , Kaudha Gloria , Kitooleko Samalie , Longenecker Chris , Ndagire Emma , Omara Isaac Otim , Oyella Linda Mary , Parks Tom , Pulle Jafesi , Sable Craig , Sarnacki Rachel , Stein Elizabeth , Zimmerman Meghan , de Klerk Nicholas , Carapetis Jonathan , Beaton Andrea 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveDespite substantial variation of streptococcal antibody titres among global populations, there is no data on normal values in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to establish normal values for antistreptolysin O (ASO) and antideoxyribonuclease B (ADB) antibodies in Uganda.DesignThis was an observational cross-sectional study.SettingThis study was conducted at Mulago National Referral Hospital, which is located in the capital city, Kampala, and includes the Uganda Heart Institute.PatientsParticipants (aged 0–50 years) were recruited. Of 428 participants, 22 were excluded from analysis, and 183 (44.4%) of the remaining were children aged 5–15 years.Main outcome measuresASO was measured in-country by nephelometric technique. ADB samples were sent to Australia (PathWest) for analysis by enzyme inhibition assay: 80% upper limit values were established.ResultsThe median ASO titre in this age group was 220 IU/mL, with the 80th percentile value of 389 IU/mL. The median ADB titre in this age group was 375 IU/mL, with the 80th percentile value of 568 IU/mL.ConclusionsThe estimated Ugandan paediatric population standardised 80% upper-limit-of-normal ASO and ADB titres is higher than many global populations. Appropriateness of using population-specific antibody cutoffs is yet to be determined and has important implications for the sensitivity and specificity of rheumatic fever diagnosis.
Prediction model of bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early
gastric cancer: BEST-J score
Authors: Hatta Waku , Tsuji Yosuke , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Kakushima Naomi , Hoteya Shu , Doyama Hisashi , Nagami Yasuaki , Hikichi Takuto , Kobayashi Masakuni , Morita Yoshinori , Sumiyoshi Tetsuya , Iguchi Mikitaka , Tomida Hideomi , Inoue Takuya , Koike Tomoyuki , Mikami Tatsuya , Hasatani Kenkei , Nishikawa Jun , Matsumura Tomoaki , Nebiki Hiroko , Nakamatsu Dai , Ohnita Ken , Suzuki Haruhisa , Ueyama Hiroya , Hayashi Yoshito , Sugimoto Mitsushige , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Michida Tomoki , Yada Tomoyuki , Asahina Yoshiro , Narasaka Toshiaki , Kuribasyashi Shiko , Kiyotoki Shu , Mabe Katsuhiro , Nakamura Tomohiro , Nakaya Naoki , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Masamune Atsushi 
Published: June 2020

Objective
Bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer
(EGC) is a frequent adverse event after ESD. We aimed to develop and externally
validate a clinically useful prediction model (BEST-J score: Bleeding after ESD Trend
from Japan) for bleeding after ESD for EGC.

Design
This retrospective study enrolled patients who underwent ESD for EGC. Patients
in the derivation cohort (n=8291) were recruited from 25 institutions, and patients in
the external validation cohort (n=2029) were recruited from eight institutions in
other areas. In the derivation cohort, weighted points were assigned to predictors of
bleeding determined in the multivariate logistic regression analysis and a prediction
model was established. External validation of the model was conducted to analyse
discrimination and calibration.

Results
A prediction model comprised 10 variables (warfarin, direct oral anticoagulant,
chronic kidney disease with haemodialysis, P2Y12 receptor antagonist, aspirin,
cilostazol, tumour size >30 mm, lower-third in tumour location, presence of
multiple tumours and interruption of each kind of antithrombotic agents). The rates of
bleeding after ESD at low-risk (0 to 1 points), intermediate-risk (2 points),
high-risk (3 to 4 points) and very high-risk (≥5 points) were 2.8%, 6.1%, 11.4% and
29.7%, respectively. In the external validation cohort, the model showed moderately
good discrimination, with a c-statistic of 0.70 (95% CI,
0.64 to 0.76), and good calibration (calibration-in-the-large, 0.05; calibration
slope, 1.01).

Conclusions
In this nationwide multicentre study, we derived and externally validated a
prediction model for bleeding after ESD. This model may be a good clinical
decision-making support tool for ESD in patients with EGC.
Transradial middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma using Onyx: case series
Authors: Rajah Gary B , Waqas Muhammad , Dossani Rimal H , Vakharia Kunal , Gong Andrew D , Rho Kyungduk , Housley Steven B , Rai Hamid H , Chin Felix , Tso Michael K , Snyder Kenneth V , Levy Elad I , Siddiqui Adnan H , Davies Jason M 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundMiddle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization is an emerging therapy for the resolution of subacute or chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). CSDH patients are often elderly and have several comorbidities. We evaluated our experience with transradial access (TRA) for MMA embolization using predominantly Onyx under conscious sedation.MethodsData for consecutive patients who underwent transradial MMA embolization for CSDH during a 2-year period (2018–2019) were analyzed from a single-center, prospectively-maintained database. Patient demographics, comorbidities, ambulatory times, subdural hematoma resorption status, and guide catheter type were recorded. Conversion to femoral access and complication rates were also recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsForty-six patients (mean age, 71.7±14.4 years) were included in this study. Mean CSDH size was 14±5.5 mm. Most (91.3%) TRA embolizations were performed with 6-French 0.071-inch Benchmark guide catheters (Penumbra). MMA embolization was successful in 44 patients (95.7%) (including two cases of TRA conversion). Twenty-one (48%) patients had a severe Charlson Comorbidity Index (>5). Symptomatic improvement was noted in 39 of 44 patients (88.6%). Mean length of stay was 4±3 days. Patients were ambulated immediately postprocedure. At mean follow-up (8±4 weeks), 86.4% of patients had complete or partial CSDH resolution. Persistent use of antiplatelet agents after the procedure was associated with failed or minimal CSDH resorption (5 of 6, 83.3% vs 9 of 38 23.7% with complete or near-complete resolution; P=0.009).ConclusionTransradial Onyx MMA embolization under conscious sedation is safe and effective for CSDH treatment. TRA may be especially useful in elderly patients with numerous comorbidities.
Catheter strategy to ease the procedure and reduce radiation exposure when requiring neck access
Authors: Kubicki Rouven , Hummel Johanna , Höhn René , Müller Kevin , Stiller Brigitte , Grohmann Jochen 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the potential occupational radiation reduction and technical feasibility in patients rotated 180° (upside-down) when requiring neck access for transcervical or trans-subclavian catheterisation.MethodsUpside-down positioning is defined as rotating patients in supine position by 180°, so that the feet come to rest where the head would otherwise be. We retrospectively evaluated all these procedures performed between March 2016 and May 2019. Furthermore, two different phantoms (paediatric and adult) were used prospectively to quantify the occupational dose between conventional or upside-down positioning. In this context, ambient dose equivalents were measured using real-time dosimeters. Three different projection angles were applied.Results44 patients with median age and body weight of 1.0 year (range 0–56) and 9.5 kg (range 1.3–74.3) underwent 63 procedures positioned upside-down. This position proved advantageous for practical reasons, since the length of the examination table could be optimally used. Additionally, it resulted in a significantly lower overall ambient dose equivalent for the primary operator (PO) of 94.8% (mean: 2569±807 vs 135±23 nSv; p<0.01) in the adult, and of 65.5% (mean: 351±104 vs 121±56 nSv; p<0.01) in the paediatric phantom, respectively.ConclusionUpside-down positioning facilitates handling in a straightforward manner when access from the neck is required. Moreover, it significantly reduces local radiation exposure for the PO in the paediatric and, most impressively, in the adult phantom.
Liver lobe torsion in a cat with diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Tsioli Vassiliki , Flouraki Evgenia , Mavraki Irene , Venieris Christoforos , Zacharopoulou Theodora 
Published: June 2020

A 10‐year‐old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was referred with a 2‐week history of dyspnoea and anorexia following injury in a car accident. Thoracic radiography and ultrasonography revealed a diaphragmatic hernia. A midline coeliotomy revealed a centrally located hernia ventral to the caudal vena cava. Hernia reduction required incision of the hernia ring. Displaced organs included the duodenum; jejunum; ascending and transverse colon; and right, caudate and quadrate liver lobes. After reduction of the abdominal organs, a torsion of the right medial and quadrate liver lobes was identified. Lobectomy was performed followed by herniorrhaphy. The cat had an uneventful recovery and was clinically normal on re‐examination 1, 6, 12 and 24 months following the surgery.
A pure general relativistic non-singular bouncing origin for the Universe
Authors: Barrau Aurélien 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article, we argue that the past of the Universe, extrapolated from standard physics and measured cosmological parameters, might be a non-singular bounce. We also show that, in this framework, quite stringent constraints can be put on the reheating temperature and number of inflationary e-folds, basically fixing $$T_{RH}\sim T_{GUT}$$TRH∼TGUT and $$N\sim 70$$N∼70. We draw some conclusions about the shape of the inflaton potential and raise the “naturalness” issue in this context. Finally, we argue that this could open a very specific window on the “pre big bounce" universe.
The effect of Er on optical and mechanical properties of As2S3 glasses quenched in different media
Authors: Rezvani Mohammad , Yousefi Dizaj Amin , Rahimian Ali , Joudi Tohid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEr3+-doped As2S3 glasses were synthesized using As, S and Er2S3 as raw materials. In order to produce glasses with high mechanical properties along with high solubility of rare earth ions in these glasses, different media such as water, hydraulics and heat-resistant oil were selected for quenching specimens. Heat-resistant oil was selected as optimized medium. The effects of Er content (0.5–2 wt%) on transmission, mechanical and structural properties of the glasses were investigated. By increasing Er content in the base glass, some clusters were introduced to glass field which causes reduction in transmission in infrared (from 70 to 25%) and visible ranges (from 70 to 60%). Density and microhardness of samples were increased from 2.78 to 3.26 g/cm3 and 81.5 to 91.75 Mpa, respectively, by increasing Er content.
Enhanced Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry using parametric amplification
Authors: Ma Xiaoping , You Chenglong , Adhikari Sushovit , Gu Yongjian , Magaña-Loaiza Omar S. , Dowling Jonathan P. , Lee Hwang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) interferometer was proposed to observe intensity correlations of starlight to measure a star’s angular diameter. As the intensity of light that reaches the detector from a star is very weak, one cannot usually get a workable signal-to-noise ratio. We propose an improved HBT interferometric scheme incorporating optical parametric amplifiers (OPA) into the system to amplify the correlation signal. Remarkably, for weak star light, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the new HBT interferometric scheme is much better than that of conventional HBT interferometer. Our work is valuable in measuring a star whose intensity at the detector is low and maybe also applicable in remote sensing and long-distance quantum imaging where the light passed through the object is weak after a long distance transmission.
Evaluation of the Overall 5-Year Survival of Breast Cancer at INO: Data from the 5-Year Prospective Database
Authors: Kaddi NA , Berrada NA , Errihani HA 
Published: June 2020

Background: Breast cancer is both the most common and deadliest cancer among women in the world. The objective of this study was to assess breast cancer survival rates. Material and Methods: Prospective study conducted at the National Institute of oncology (INO) Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah Rabat .diagnosed patients with cancer from 2013 to 2015. The date of inclusion in the study is the date of histological confirmation of cancer. The survival assessment performed by the Kaplan Meier method, and the comparison between the different classes of a variable was performed by the Log Rank test. Results: 931 cases were collected during this study. According to molecular classification 59% of luminal patients, 25% positive human epidermal growth factor receptors (her2 positive) and 16% basal. The percentage of survival at 5 years, for luminal stage I 93%, stage II 92%, stage III 74% and stage IV 25% ;as well as for basal stage I 92%, stage II 80%, stage III 53% and stage IV 10% ; then the her2 positive stage I 100%, stage II 75% and stage III 70%. Conclusion: The discovery of metastatic cancer decreased breast cancer survival rate, hence the importance of Early Detection Awareness.
A Retrospective Thematic Analysis of Patient, Family, and Staff Creative Art Tiles Developed on a Tertiary Palliative Care Unit
Authors: Collins Andrew , Ayre Sandy , Brulotte Tiffany , Crowe Kim , Nekolaichuk Cheryl 
Published: June 2020

Objectives: Clinical use of the creative arts in palliative care is well established, yet there are few evaluation studies of these programs. Methods: In this first phase of a 3-phase evaluation of a creative arts program entitled “Tile Tales,” we conducted a retrospective thematic analysis of 85 painted tiles and accompanying stories that were publically displayed on a tertiary palliative care unit. Each story was independently coded, using content analysis. Themes were derived through consensus, using the constant comparative method. Results: Tiles were created by staff (n = 36, 42%), family (n = 32, 38%), patients (n = 9, 11%), or patients and family (n = 8, 9%). Six major themes emerged from the artwork: “Spirituality,” “Relationships,” “Journey,” “Story,” “Symbolism,” and “Paradox.” Significance of Results: These results illustrate how the creative arts can support the expression of diverse palliative care experiences, for patients, their families and palliative care staff, when words alone may not suffice.