bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model based on CT radiomic features for predicting RT-PCR becoming negative in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients
Authors: Cai Quan , Du Siyao , Gao Si , Huang Guoliang , Zhang Zheng , Li Shu , Wang Xin , Li Peiling , Lv Peng , Hou Gang , Zhang Lina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global pandemic. According to the diagnosis and treatment guidelines of China, negative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the key criterion for discharging COVID-19 patients. However, repeated RT-PCR assays lead to medical waste and prolonged hospital stays for COVID-19 patients during the recovery period. Our purpose is to assess a model based on CT radiomic features and clinical characteristics to predict RT-PCR negativity during clinical treatment.
Methods
From February 10 to March 10, 2020, 203 mild COVID-19 patients in Fangcang Shelter Hospital were retrospectively included (training: n = 141; testing: n = 62), and clinical characteristics were collected. Lung lobes and lesions on lung CT images were segmented with a deep learning algorithm. CT quantitative features and radiomic features were automatically extracted. Clinical characteristics and CT quantitative features were compared between RT-PCR-negative and RT-PCR-positive groups. Univariate logistic regression and Spearman correlation analyses identified the strongest features associated with RT-PCR negativity, and a multivariate logistic regression model was established. The diagnostic performance was evaluated for both cohorts.
Results
The RT-PCR-negative group had a longer time interval from symptom onset to CT exams than the RT-PCR-positive group (median 23 vs. 16 days, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the other clinical characteristics or CT quantitative features. In addition to the time interval from symptom onset to CT exams, nine CT radiomic features were selected for the model. ROC curve analysis revealed AUCs of 0.811 and 0.812 for differentiating the RT-PCR-negative group, with sensitivity/specificity of 0.765/0.625 and 0.784/0.600 in the training and testing datasets, respectively.
Conclusions
The model combining CT radiomic features and clinical data helped predict RT-PCR negativity during clinical treatment, indicating the proper time for RT-PCR retesting.
Umbilical Cord-derived Wharton’s Jelly for Regenerative Medicine Applications in Orthopedic Surgery: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Main Benjamin J. , Valk Josiah A. , Maffulli Nicola , Rodriguez Hugo C. , Gupta Manu , Stone Ian W. , III Saadiq F. El-Amin , Gupta Ashim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal injuries and conditions affect millions of individuals. These ailments are typicallymanaged by immobilization, physiotherapy or activity modification. Regenerative medicine has experiencedtremendous growth in the past decades, especially in musculoskeletal medicine. Umbilical cord-derived Wharton’s Jelly is an exciting new option for such therapies. Wharton’s jelly is a connective tissue located within the umbilical cord largely composed of mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular matrix components, including collagen, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid and sulfated proteoglycans. Wharton’s Jelly is a promising and applicable biologic source for orthopedic regenerative application.Methods: A systematic search will be conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases of English, Italian, French, Spanish and Portuguese language articles published to date. References will be screened and assessed for eligibility by two independent reviewers as per PRISMA guidelines. Articles will be considered without exclusion to sex, activity or age. Studies will be included if they used culture-expanded, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells of mesenchymal stem cells and/or connective tissue obtained from Wharton’s Jelly. Studies will be excluded if Wharton’s Jelly is not the sole experimental examined cell type. Placebos, conventional non-operative therapies including steroids injections, exercise and NSAIDs will be compared. The study selection process will be performed independently by two reviewers using a reference software. Data synthesis and meta-analysis will be performed separately for clinical and pre-clinical studies.Discussion:The results will be published in relevant peer-reviewed scientific journals. Investigators will present results at national or international conferences.Trial registration: The Protocol will be registered on PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews prior to commencement.
Impact of HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine on preventing subsequent infection and disease after excision treatment: Post-hoc analysis from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Hu Shangying , Xu Xiaoqian , Zhang Xun , Pan Qinjing , Chen Feng , Zhao Fang-Hui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
It is widely acknowledged that HPV prophylactic vaccine could prevent new infections and their associated lesions among women who were predominantly HPV-naïve at vaccination. Yet there still remains uncertainty about whether HPV vaccination benefits to individuals who had undergone surgery for cervical disease.
Methods
This post-hoc analysis intends to focus on intent-to-treat participants who underwent excision treatment at baseline and the follow-up period in a phase II/III, double-blind, randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00779766) conducted in Jiangsu province, China. We evaluate the impact of HPV vaccination on preventing subsequent infection and cervical lesions (LSIL + and CIN2+) after excision treatment.
Results
168 (vaccine, n = 87; control, n = 81) performed excisional treatment in this clinical trial. We observed a significant effect of vaccination on rates of 14 types oncogenic HPV infection after treatment (vaccine efficacy: 27.0%; 95% CI 4.9%, 44.0%). Vaccine efficacy estimates against new infections after treatment for 14 types oncogenic HPV infection were 32.0% (95%CI 1.8%, 52.8%), for HPV16/18 infection were 41.2% (95%CI -162.7%, 86.8%).The accumulative clearance rate of the vaccine group and placebo group were respectively 88.9%, 81.6% for HPV16/18 infection (P = 0.345), 63.4%, 48.7% for 14 types oncogenic HPV infection (P = 0.062). There was no significant difference for the persistent rate of HPV16/18, 14 types oncogenic HPV infection and occurrence rate of LSIL + between the two groups.
Conclusions
There is no evidence that HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine could lead to viral faster clearance or had effect on the persistent infection rate of the women after excision treatment. The women after treatment may get beneficial from the “primary prophylactic” effect of vaccine, while prophylactic HPV vaccine’ use as therapeutic agents deserves further researched.
Implications of COVID-19 in high burden HIV/TB countries: A systematic review of evidence
Authors: Tamuzi Jacques L , Birhanu Ayele T , Shumba Constance S , Adetokunboh Olatunji , Uwimana-Nico Jeannine , Haile Zelalem T , Inugu Joseph , Nyasulu Peter Suwirakwenda 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The triple burden of COVID-19, tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus is one of the major global health challenges of the 21st century and in the future. In high burden HIV/TB countries, the spread of COVID-19 among people living with HIV is a well-founded concern. A thorough understanding of HIV/TB and COVID-19 pandemics is important as the three diseases interact. This may clarify HIV/TB/COVID-19 as a newly related field and play an important role in the present and future management of the co-infections. However, several gaps are remaining in the knowledge of the burden of COVID-19 on patients with TB and HIV, the diagnosis, and management of these patients. The study was conducted to review different studies on SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV or COVID-19 associated with HIV/TB co-infection or only TB and to understand the interactions between HIV, TB and COVID-19 and its implications on the burden of the COVID-19 among HIV/TB co-infected or TB patients, screening algorithm and clinical management.
Methods
We conducted electronic search of potential eligible studies published in English in the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, PubMed, Medrxiv, Google scholar and Clinical Trials Registry databases. We included case studies, case series and observational studies published between January, 2002 and March, 2020 in which SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19 co-infected to HIV/TB or TB were managed in adult patients. We screened titles, abstracts and full articles for eligibility. As we anticipated heterogeneity in the literature, results were reported narratively.
Results
After removing 69 duplicates, 24 out of 246 articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 9 studies were included for qualitative analysis. Among them, we included two case reports, four case series, one case-control and two retrospective observational studies. The studies have shown that TB may occur during or after SARS-CoV. In terms of severity, the proportion of severe/critical SARS, MERS and COVID cases with TB co-infection was higher than in patients with mild/moderate stages (P = 0.0008).
Conclusion
SARS/MERS-CoV/COVID-19 associated to HIV/TB or TB subjects had a higher risk of developing severe/critical than mild/moderate SARS/MERS-CoV/COVID-19. Diagnostic algorithms and clinical management were suggested for efficiently improving COVID-19/HIV/TB co-infections outcomes.
Selected ions and major- and trace elements as contaminants in coal-waste dump water from the Lower- and Upper Silesian Coal Basins (Poland)
Authors: Lewińska-Preis Lucyna , Szram Ewa , Fabiańska Monika , Nádudvari Ádám , Misz-Kennan Magdalena , Abramowicz Anna , Kruszewski Łukasz , Kita Andrzej 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Many temporary- and permanent reservoirs of water occur on or in the immediate vicinity of coal-waste dumps in the Lower- and Upper Silesian Coal Basins (Poland). Little or nothing is known of the degree to which their water chemistry might reflect (a) reservoir type, i.e., whether permanent or temporary, (b) level of coal-waste thermal activity, i.e., whether inactive or self-heating or burnt-out or (c) region, i.e., whether the dumps lay in the Upper- or Lower Silesian basins. To provide some answers, concentrations of selected ions (NH4+, HCO3−, F−, Cl−, Br−, NO2−, NO3−, PO43−,SO42−) were determined by ion chromatography and of nineteen elements (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Pb, S, Si, Sr, Zn) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The data allow a number of observations. In temporary reservoirs, concentrations of ions and of major- and trace elements are relatively much lower and any correlations between components less significant; reservoirs exist for too short a time to allow any balance between coal waste- and water components to be established. A clear relationship does exist between concentrations of ions and of major- and trace elements and dump thermal activity. The highest concentrations occur where thermal activity is high and inorganic components are mobilized. Finally, a regional pattern of elemental- and ion concentrations in the dump waters reflects important regional differences in thermal activity.
Construction of a patient decision aid for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in primary care
Authors: VINCENT Yves-Marie , FRACHON Adèle , BUFFETEAU Clotilde , CONORT Guillaume 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) is a frequent reason for consulting a general practitioner. The risk of pyelonephritis is low. Antibiotics are prescribed empirically for symptomatic purposes. It can induce undesirable effects and resistance. Patients sometimes wish to avoid taking antibiotics. Some European countries recommend discussing a delayed prescription with the patient and developing a shared decision. The aim of our study is to develop a patient decision aid (PtDA) that can be used in primary care to make a shared decision about whether to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infection with antibiotics or not.
Methods
We followed the steps recommended by the International Patient Decision Aids Standards, which include a design phase (focus groups, bibliography) and an alpha-testing phase. A steering group developed a draft and then final version of a prototype PtDA.
Results
The information included in the PtDA is the definition of uUTI, information on the options, their benefits, risks and consequences. The patient's values and preferences to be considered in the decision are related to the discomfort felt, the impact on daily life, the representations of the antibiotic, the position relative to the risk of adverse effect.
Conclusions
Our results confirm a need for decision making and the equilibrium in this situation. We lacked advice from outside physicians in the study. This PtDA needs to be validated in a beta-testing phase. It must then be tested in a clinical study comparing its use with the systematic prescription approach.
Business models for primary health care delivery in low and middle income countries: a scoping study of nine social entrepreneurs
Authors: Lokman Lutfi , Chahine Teresa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Social entrepreneurship can help increase access to primary health care in low resource settings. Research on social enterprises in health have focused either on developing countries, or on secondary and tertiary care in low and middle income countries, where common business models include differential pricing to cross-subsidize low income populations. This is the first study to examine social enterprises providing primary health care in low and middle income countries using primary data. The purpose is to determine whether social enterprise is a viable model in this setting and to identify common patterns and characteristics that could inform the work of social entrepreneurs, funders, and researchers in this area.
Methods
We identify social entrepreneurs working to deliver primary care in low- and middle-income countries who have been vetted by international organizations dedicated to supporting social entrepreneurs. Through in-depth interviews, we collect information on medical processes, business processes, social impact and organizational impact according to the Battacharyya et al framework. We then conducted qualitative analysis to identify common patterns and themes emerging within these four categories.
Results
Distinguishing characteristics in the business models of primary care social enterprises include flat rate rather than differential pricing; cross-subsidizing across services rather than patients. Subscription packages and in-house IT systems were utilized to generate revenue and increase reach through telemedicine, franchising, and mobile units. In some cases, alternate revenue streams are employed to help break even. About half of the social enterprises interviewed were for-profit, and about half non-profit. The majority faced challenges in engaging with the public sector. This is still a nascent field, with most organizations being under ten years old.
Conclusions
Social enterprise has been demonstrated as a feasible model for providing primary care in low resource settings, with key characteristics differing from the previously commonly studied social enterprises in tertiary care. There are opportunities to complement existing public health systems, but most organizations face challenges in doing so. More research and attention is needed by researchers, governments and funders to support social entrepreneurs and avoid parallel systems.
Development and Validation a Nomogram and Prognosis of Chemotherapy for Evaluation in Giant-cell Lung Carcinoma With Metastases: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Yang Zhihao , Chen Kun , Zhang Xinbo , Zhao Tianhao , Xie Deyao , Deng Xiaofang , Zhang Jiandong , Cheng Dezhi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Whether chemotherapy couldimprove prognosis for giant-celllung carcinoma with metastases remains controversial. The present study aimed to determine the significanceof chemotherapy in patients with metastases giant-cell Lung carcinoma, and to develop a nomogram to predict its outcomes.Methods:Data of 566 patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results(SEER) database were analyzed; 346 matched patients were divided into a chemotherapy group and non-chemotherapy group, respectively, using the propensity scorematching method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine theprognostic factors of giant-celllung carcinoma, and subgroup analysis was performed according tothe site of metastases. While a visual nomogram wasestablished to judge the prognosis.Results: With the median follow-up of 20.5 months, The 3-yearsurvival rates were 20.2% in the chemotherapy set and 16.7% in the non-chemotherapy set (P=0.006).Chemotherapy did improve the Giant-cell Lung Carcinoma survival rates in patients with metastases(HR = 0.490, 95% CI = 0.358–0.669, P<0.001). In subgroup analysis, radiotherapy did not improved the Giant-cell Lung Carcinoma survival rates in patients with metastases(HR = 0.951, 95% CI = 0.690-1.311, P = 0.758, Table 2). Chemotherapy improved the CSS in patients with lung metastases (HR = 0.090, 95% CI = 0.017-0.470, P =0.004).In addition, chemotherapy improved the CSS in patients with brain metastases (HR = 0.117, 95% CI = 0.014-0.955, P =0.045). Compared with bone metastasis, liver metastasis and metastasis of more than 2 sites, the effect of chemotherapy is not obvious.Furthermore, our nomogram could predict the probability of surviving to the median survival time of the population with a c-index of 0.768.Conclusion:The benefit of chemotherapy in giant-celllung carcinoma with metastases patients was obviously different, andthe recommendation of chemotherapy for this population should be individualized. chemotherapy shouldbe considered for patients with only lungmetastasis or brain metastasis, but chemotherapy could be avoided in those with other site metastases or multiple metastases.We developed the first competing risk nomogram to predict the risk of GCLC patients, which performed well in the evaluation and might be helpful for individualized screening.
Perioperative Patient-specific Factors-based Nomograms Predict Short-term Periprosthetic Bone Loss After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Fu Guangtao , Li Mengyuan , Xue Yunlian , Li Qingtian , Deng Zhantao , Ma Yuanchen , Zheng Qiujian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Although medical intervention of periprosthetic bone loss in the immediate postoperative period was recommended, not all the patients experienced periprosthetic bone loss after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Prediction toolsthat enrolledallpotential risk factors to calculate an individualized prediction of postoperative periprosthetic bone loss were strongly needed for clinical decision-making.MethodsData of the patients underwent primary unilateral cementless THA between April 2015 and October 2017 in our center were retrospectively collected. Candidate variables included demographic data and bone mineral density (BMD) in spine, hip and periprosthetic regions that measured 1 week after THA. Outcomes of interest included the risk of postoperative periprosthetic bone loss in Gruen zone 1, 7 and total zones in the 1st postoperative year. Nomograms were presented based on multiple logistic regressions via R language.Bootstrap was used for internal validation. Results 427 patients (195 male and 232 female) were included in this study.The mean BMD of Gruen zone 1, 7,and total were decreased by 4.1%, 6.4%, and 1.7% at the 1st year after THA, respectively. 61.1% of the patients (261/427) experienced bone loss in Gruen zone 1 at the 1st postoperative year, while there were 58.1% (248/427) in Gruen zone 7 and 63.0% (269/427) in Gruen zone total. Bias-corrected c-index for risk of postoperative bone lossin Gruen zone 1, 7 and total zones in the 1st postoperative year were 0.700, 0.785, and 0.696, respectively. The most highly influential factor for the postoperative periprosthetic bone loss was the BMD in the corresponding Gruen zones at the baseline.ConclusionsThe present study presented the perioperative factors-based nomograms for predicting periprosthetic bone loss after THA with adequate predictive discrimination and calibration.Those tools would helpsurgeons to identify high-risk patients who may benefit from anti-bone-resorptive treatment on the early postoperative period effectively. Such prediction model could also provide patients with reasonable expectations following surgery, which may improve satisfaction and patient compliance.
Molecular detection of drug resistant polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Southwest, Nigeria.
Authors: Tola Monday , Ajibola Olumide , Idowu Taiwo Emmanuel , Omidiji Olusesan , Awolola Samson Taiwo , Amambua-Ngwa Alfred 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective Nigeria bears 25% of global malaria burden despite concerted efforts towards its control and elimination. The emergence of drug resistance to first line drugs, artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs), indicates an urgent need for continuous molecular surveillance of drug resistance especially in high burden countries where drug interventions are heavily relied on. This study describes mutations in Plasmodium falciparum genes associated with drug resistance in malaria; Pfk1 3, Pfmdr1 , PfATPase6 and Pfcrt in isolates obtained from 83 symptomatic malaria patients between 1-61 years old from Lagos, a Mega city in South-west Nigeria. Results Two Pfmdr 1, N86 and Y184 variants were present at a prevalence of 56% and 13.25% of isolates respectively. There was one synonymous (S679S) and two non-synonymous (M699V, S769M) mutations in the Pfatp6 gene, while Pfcrt genotype (CVIET), had a prevalence of 45%. The Pfk13 C580Y mutant allele was detected by allelic discrimination in two samples with mixed genotypes. Pfk13 C580Y in west Africa is rare and this result calls for robust and larger scale surveillance of artemisinin resistance associated polymorphisms and delayed clearance phenotype in Nigeria.