bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Higher Peripheral Monocyte Activation Markers Are Associated With Smaller Frontal and Temporal Cortical Volumes in Women With HIV
Authors: Kamkwalala Asante R. , Wang Xuzhi , Maki Pauline M. , Williams Dionna W. , Valcour Victor G. , Damron Alexandra , Tien Phyllis C. , Weber Kathleen M. , Cohen Mardge H. , Sundermann Erin E. , Meyer Vanessa J. , Little Deborah M. , Xu Yanxun , Rubin Leah H. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Persistent inflammation is a life-long complication of HIV infection, even in virally suppressed individuals. Elevated plasma concentrations of soluble(s) CD14 and CD163 have been established as biomarkers of chronic inflammation, conferring higher risk for cognitive, neurovascular, and structural abnormalities.

Methods:
Structural magnetic resonance imaging (frontal and temporal regions) as well as plasma inflammatory biomarkers of monocyte activation (sCD14 and sCD163), general inflammation (plasma C-reactive protein, interleukin[IL]-6), and gut microbial translocation (plasma intestinal fatty acid–binding protein) were available on 38 women (25 with HIV) from the Chicago Women's Interagency HIV Study site. Partial least-squares models adjusting for relevant covariates (eg, age, education, and race) were conducted to evaluate the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and brain volume in the overall sample and among women with HIV (WWH).

Results:
In the total sample, higher plasma sCD14 was associated with smaller volumes in multiple frontal and temporal lobe regions. In the WWH-only sample, sCD163 was associated with smaller volumes only in one region of the left frontal lobe. C-reactive protein, IL-6, and intestinal fatty acid–binding protein were not associated with brain volumes for either group of women.

Conclusions:
Of the inflammatory monocyte markers evaluated, sCD14 was associated with smaller frontal and temporal cortical volume in the overall and WWH-only samples, while plasma sCD163 was only associated with smaller left caudal middle frontal gyrus in the WWH-only group. Validating these monocyte proteins as neurological biomarkers of structural brain deficits in a larger sample is critical for understanding HIV-associated neurobiological complications.
Orofacial Manifestations of Stickler Syndrome
Authors: Jackson Oksana A. , Kaye Alison E. , Lee Alfred , Minugh-Purvis Nancy , Cohen Marilyn A. , Solot Cynthia B. , McDonald-McGinn Donna , Jawad Abbas F. , Zackai Elaine H. , Kirschner Richard E. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to characterize airway problems, speech outcomes, and facial growth in patients with Stickler syndrome undergoing cleft palate repair.

Methods
A retrospective, longitudinal study was performed at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia on 25 patients with Stickler syndrome and 53 nonsyndromic patients with clefts of the secondary palate repaired between 1977 and 2000. Airway problems were characterized by the incidence of Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) and the necessity for surgical airway management. Speech was analyzed using the Pittsburgh weighted values for speech symptoms associated with velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI). Longitudinal anthropometric measurements represented up to 12 years of longitudinal cephalofacial growth.

Results
Seventy-two percent of patients with Stickler syndrome were diagnosed with PRS, 55.6% of whom required surgical airway management. Conversely, 20.8% of nonsyndromic patients were diagnosed with PRS (P < 0.0001), 18% of whom required surgical intervention (P < 0.05). Speech outcomes were poorer in patients with Stickler syndrome with 40% demonstrating borderline VPI and 13.3% demonstrating VPI, compared with 21.8% and 9.1%, respectively, in the nonsyndromic group. Both groups exhibited significantly shallower upper and mid facial depths and wider upper facial breadths when compared with normal standards of facial growth. Although there was a tendency toward decreased facial depths in patients with Stickler syndrome relative to nonsyndromic patients, the differences were nonsignificant.

Conclusions
Patients with Stickler syndrome show significant potential for early airway compromise and a poorer prognosis for speech outcome after cleft palate repair. Their cephalofacial growth does not differ significantly from that of nonsyndromic cleft palate patients.
Three End-to-End Techniques for Microvascular Anastomosis of Vessels With Different Size Discrepancy
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Tingliang , Liu Ying , He Jinguang , Dong Jiasheng , Xu Hua 
Published: January 2020

Background
Size discrepancy in microvascular anastomosis is a common issue in free flap transfer and replantation surgery. A number of different techniques have been described to overcome the problem, but optimal method continues to be defined.

Methods
Since June 2015 to May 2018, clinical courses of 103 microvascular cases performed by one senior surgeon were reviewed. Three end-to-end techniques including mechanical dilation, single-mattress suture, and wedge resection were applied in 364 anastomoses with caliber ratio between 1:1 and 1:1.5, 1:1.5 and 1:2, and 1:2 and 1: 3, respectively.

Results
A total of 112 flaps were incorporated in this study. The incidence of anastomotic failure was 3.0% (11/364), and the overall flap failure rate was 3.6% (4/112). The failure cases included 2 replanted scalps, 1 replanted ear, and 1 superficial temporal artery flap for nasal reconstruction.

Conclusions
Our results depicted operational convenience and reliability of the 3 end-to-end anastomotic techniques in addressing mild-to-large vessel discrepancy.
Synchronous Closure of A Large Medial Perforator–Based Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Free Flap Donor Site Using an Ipsilateral Lateral Perforator–Based Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Propeller Flap
Authors: Zhang Yi xin , Hallock Geoffrey G. , Song Dajiang , Vargas Marcela Sánchez , Correa Susana 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A superior advantage of the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap is that any donor site residue can easily be hidden by clothing. Usually designed as narrow or moderate-sized flaps based on medial perforators of the superficial branch, this readily allows primary donor site closure. However, for larger flaps, tension-free closure requires that the thigh remain flexed or even a skin graft used. Another alternative would be to use an adequate lateral perforator of the deep branch, if available, as the vascular hub of a propeller flap that extended into the adjacent flank, that could then be rotated into the medial groin to facilitate simultaneous direct closure of both flap donor sites.
Reconstruction of Large Ptotic Breasts After Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy
Authors: Oven Steven D. , Scarlett William L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
As nipple-sparing mastectomies continue to gain popularity, the reconstruction of a large ptotic breast remains a challenge. The purpose of this article is to introduce the senior author's modifications of a novel technique previously described for addressing the redundant skin envelope in ptotic breasts during immediate reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy. In this review, 15 patients (29 breasts) were reconstructed using our modified “buttonhole” technique. Postoperative complications included 1 case of nipple necrosis and 1 case of tissue expander loss secondary to infection. All patients eventually underwent full expansion and exchange to permanent implants. Ultimately, this surgical approach offers immediate reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy while concurrently performing a safe and aesthetically pleasing mastopexy with acceptable risk to the nipple-areolar complex.
Millennial-Assisted Liposuction
Authors: Barnes Connor , Weinstein Brielle , Robertson Ellen , Clark Clifford 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Over the past 6 decades through innovation, creativity, ingenuity, and hard work, liposuction is now one of the most popular cosmetic procedures around the world. Several different liposuction technologies now exist, which include suction-assisted lipectomy, power-assisted liposuction, and so on. We have devised a new technique geared toward the incoming Generation Y surgeon called millennial-assisted liposuction. With such great advances in current liposuction techniques, one might ponder the need to introduce a new technique. This may become more common as the “Me Generation” sets forth in the working community and takes over for the prior generation of plastic surgeons. This article was written and developed by a millennial and the senior author, a nonmillennial, to help conform to the changing dynamic of incoming plastic surgeons. The technique was developed to solve the problem regarding millennials requiring constant reinforcement, around-the-clock assistance, immediate feedback, work-hour limits, frequent breaks, and lack of trophies.
Immediate Versus Staged Soft Tissue Reconstruction After Soft Tissue Sarcoma Resection Has Similar Wound and Oncologic Outcomes
Authors: Lawrenz Joshua M. , Mesko Nathan W. , Marshall Danielle C. , Featherall Joseph , George Jaiben , Gordon Jaymeson , Vijayasekaran Aparna , Nystrom Lukas M. , Schwarz Graham S. 
Published: January 2020

Background
The aim of this study was to compare the wound complication rate and oncologic outcome in patients undergoing immediate versus staged soft tissue reconstruction after soft tissue sarcoma (STS) resection.

Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of a single sarcoma referral center between 2006 and 2016 which identified a cohort that underwent resection of an extremity or trunk STS with reconstruction surgery (split thickness skin graft or flap coverage). Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the reconstruction timing: immediate (same day) versus staged (later date). Demographic characteristics, wound complications, and oncologic outcomes were compared.

Results
Of the 491 patients who underwent resection of an extremity or trunk STS, 81 (16%) received reconstructive surgery, with 26 patients undergoing immediate reconstruction and 55 patients undergoing staged reconstruction. Overall wound complication (58% vs 45%, P = 0.347) and infection rates (35% vs 25%, P = 0.602) were similar between immediate and staged groups, respectively. Likewise, local recurrence (8% vs 7%, P = 1.000), metastasis (19% vs 20%, P = 0.755), and all-cause mortality (27% vs 27%, P = 1.000) rates after reconstruction was similar. Patients in the staged group with positive margins after resection were re-excised before definitive reconstruction, whereas those in the immediate group were not. The staged group required fewer surgical intensive care unit stays after resection surgery (22% vs 58%, P = 0.006). The mean ± SD final follow-up was 38 ± 33 months.

Conclusions
Wound complication rates and oncologic outcomes remain similar, regardless of timing for reconstruction. Staged reconstructions were associated with fewer surgical intensive care unit stays, while also affording opportunity for reintervention after positive margins with little additional morbidity.
Surgical Management of Pediatric Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Ge Shealinne , Ngaage Ledibabari M. , Orbay Hakan , Silverman Ronald P. , Rasko Yvonne M. , Rada Erin M. 
Published: January 2020

Background
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic and physically debilitating condition. Achieving long-term remission is difficult and sometimes remains elusive despite use of multiple pharmacological agents. However, surgery remains underused in the pediatric population.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review for a 10-year period of all patients younger than 18 years who had undergone surgery for HS at a tertiary university hospital. In addition, we performed a literature review for English language articles related to the surgical management of pediatric HS patients.

Results
Eleven patients with a total of 23 operative sites were included in the study. The cohort was predominantly female (10:1) with an average age of 15.4 years and mean body mass index 31.9 kg/m2. Lesion size ranged from 12.6 to 400 cm2. Overall complication rate was 87% with a 7% reoperation rate to manage complications. Remission was achieved after a single procedure in 57% of sites. Three articles met our inclusion criteria for the literature review.

Conclusions
Our article adds to the sparse literature and represents the largest study on surgical management of pediatric HS patients. Although surgery is not without its challenges, it presents a safe option and for pediatric HS patients with extensive scar or sinus tract formation.
Anticholinergic Use Among the Elderly With Alzheimer Disease in South Korea
Authors: Joung Kyung-in , Shin Ju-Young , Kim Sukil , Cho Sung-il 
Published: January 2020

Objectives:
To investigate the characteristics of anticholinergic use in the elderly with Alzheimer disease (AD) compared with those in the non-AD elderly.

Methods:
Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service Elderly cohort database, 388,629 adults aged 70 years and older in 2012 were included. The use of strong anticholinergic agents (ACs) in 2012 was quantified by standardized prescribed doses. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to examine the level of their heavy use (≥90 doses of the prescribed amount in 2012) in patients with AD and potential explanations of the heavy use.

Results:
Antihistamines and antidepressants were the most prescribed strong ACs among non-AD and AD elderly, respectively. The heavy use of strong ACs was more prevalent in patients with AD than in non-AD elderly [odds ratio (95% confidence interval)=1.48 (1.41-1.56)]. When the morbidities associated with AD were adjusted for, odds ratio were reduced [0.91 (0.85-0.96)].

Conclusions:
Heavy use of strong ACs was more prevalent in patients with AD than in non-AD elderly. Multiple ACs for treating multimorbidities in AD were mainly attributable to their heavy use. In patients with AD, the integrated management of medications for reducing the preventable heavy use of these drugs should be reinforced.
Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 5 (LRP5)-deficient Rats Have Reduced Bone Mass and Abnormal Development of the Retinal Vasculature
Authors: Ubels John L. , Diegel Cassandra R. , Foxa Gabrielle E. , Ethen Nicole J. , Lensing Jonathan N. , Madaj Zachary B. ,   VARI Vivarium and Transgenics Core, Williams Bart O. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHumans carrying homozygous loss-of-function mutations in the Wnt co-receptor LRP5 (low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 5) develop osteoporosis and a defective retinal vasculature known as familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) due to disruption of the Wnt signaling pathway. The purpose of this study was to use CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to create strains of Lrp5-deficient rats and to determine whether knockout ofLrp5resulted in phenotypes that model the bone and retina pathology in LRP5-deficient humans. Knockout ofLrp5 in rats produced low bone mass, decreased bone mineral density, and decreased bone size. The superficial retinal vasculature of Lrp5-deficient rats was sparse and disorganized, with extensive exudates and decreases in vascularized area, vessel length, and branch point density. This study showed thatLrp5 could be predictably knocked out in rats using CRISPR/Cas9, causing the expression of bone and retinal phenotypes that will be useful for studying the role of Wnt signaling in bone and retina development and for research on the treatment of osteoporosis and FEVR.
Voice and Face Gender Perception engages multimodal integration via multiple feedback pathways
Authors: Abbatecola Clement , Beneyton Kim , Gerardin Peggy , Kennedy Henry , Knoblauch Kenneth 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMultimodal integration provides an ideal framework for investigating top-down influences in perceptual integration. Here, we investigate mechanisms and functional networks participating in face-voice multimodal integration during gender perception by using complementary behavioral (Maximum Likelihood Conjoint Measurement) and brain imaging (Dynamic Causal Modeling of fMRI data) techniques. Thirty-six subjects were instructed to judge pairs of face-voice stimuli either according to the gender of the face (face task), the voice (voice task) or the stimulus (stimulus task; no specific modality instruction given). Face and voice contributions to the tasks were not independent, as both modalities significantly contributed to all tasks. The top-down influences in each task could be modeled as a differential weighting of the contributions of each modality with an asymmetry in favor of the auditory modality in terms of magnitude of the effect. Additionally, we observed two independent interaction effects in the decision process that reflect both the coherence of the gender information across modalities and the magnitude of the gender difference from neutral. In a second experiment we investigated with functional MRI the modulation of effective connectivity between the Fusiform Face Area (FFA) and the Temporal Voice Area (TVA), two cortical areas implicated in face and voice processing. Twelve participants were presented with multimodal face-voice stimuli and instructed to attend either to face, voice or any gender information. We found specific changes in effective connectivity between these areas in the same conditions that generated behavioral interactions. Taken together, we interpret these results as converging evidence supporting the existence of multiple parallel hierarchical systems in multi-modal integration.
Early life adversity decreases fear expression in pre-adolescence by accelerating amygdalar parvalbumin cell development
Authors: Nieves Gabriela Manzano , Bravo Marylin , Bath Kevin G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResource insecurity (e.g., poverty) can be a significant source of stress. Decreased resources during childhood has been associated with increased risk for developing stress-related disorders, including major depressive disorder and anxiety Although the link between early life adversity and increased risk for psychopathology has been well established, the developmental mechanisms remain unclear. Using a mouse model of poverty-like rearing, limited bedding and nesting materials (LB), we tested the effects of LB on the development of fear learning and of key neuronal structures involved in emotional regulation, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA). LB delayed the ability of pre-adolescent mice to express, but not form, an auditory conditioned fear memory. LB disrupted typical fear circuit development, accelerating parvalbumin positive (PV+) inhibitory interneuron maturation in the BLA and delaying the maturation of connections between the mPFC and BLA. The decreased fear expression in LB reared mice during early development was rescued through optogenetic inactivation of PV+ cells in the BLA. Together our data demonstrate that LB has profound and deleterious effects on mPFC and BLA development, decreasing threat-associated behavior expression, but not learning, in childhood. The current results provide a model of transiently blunt emotional reactivity in childhood, with fear-associated memories emerging later in adolescence, and possibly contributing to later pathology development.
RIP1 kinase activity promotes steatohepatitis through mediating cell death and inflammation in macrophages
Authors: Tao Liang , Yi Yuguo , Chen Yuxin , Zhang Haibing , Jie Jiapeng , Zhang Weigao , Xu Qian , Li Yang , Orning Pontus , Lien Egil , Zhao Mengshu , Gao Pingshi , Ling Ling , Ding Zhao , Wu Chao , Ding Qiurong , Wang Junsong , Zhang Jianfa , Weng Dan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHepatocyte cell death and liver inflammation have been well recognized as central characteristics of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), however, the underlying molecular basis remains elusive. The kinase receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) is a key regulator of apoptosis, necroptosis and inflammation, we thus hypothesized that the kinase activity of RIP1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of NASH. Wild-type and RIP1 kinase-dead (Rip1K45A/K45A) mice were fed with methionine-and choline-deficient diet (MCD) or high-fat diet (HFD) to establish distinct NASH models. In both models, compared to WT mice,Rip1K45A/K45Amice exhibited significantly less liver injury, less steatosis, decreased inflammation, and less cell death in liver tissue. Moreover, hepatic fibrosis as characterized by Sirius Red staining, expression of α-SMA and other fibrosis markers, were significantly alleviated inRip1K45A/K45Amice than WT controls. Furthermore, using bone marrow transplantation to create chimeric mice, we found that it is the RIP1 kinase in hematopoietic-derived macrophages contributing mostly to the disease progression in NASH. Results fromin vitrostudies were in agreement with thein vivodata, demonstrating that RIP1 kinase was required for inflammasome activation and cell death induced by saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid) in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). At last, we also found that the phosphorylation and expression of RIP1 was obviously increased in patients with NAFLD or NASH, but not in healthy controls. In summary, our results indicate that RIP1 kinase is activated during the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis, and consequently induces inflammation and cell death in macrophages, contributing to the disease progression. Our study suggests that macrophage RIP1 kinase represents a specific and potential target for the treatment of NASH.