bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High leisure‐time physical activity reduces the risk of long‐term sickness absence
Authors: López‐Bueno Rubén , Sundstrup Emil , Vinstrup Jonas , Casajús José A. , Andersen Lars L. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesThis study examined the association of leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) with the risk of long‐term sickness absence (LTSA).MethodsA total of 10 427 subjects from the general working population in Denmark answered questions about physical activity habits, health and work environment in the 2010 Danish Work Environment Cohort Study (DWECS). Data on LTSA (≥6 consecutive weeks during 2‐year follow‐up) were obtained from the Danish Register for Evaluation of Marginalization (DREAM). Cox regression analysis censored for competing events and adjusted for potential confounders (age, sex, BMI, smoking habits, depression, cancer, back diseases, previous LTSA, occupational social class, and psychosocial work environment) estimated the association between the predictor (LTPA) and the outcome variable (LTSA). During the 2‐year follow‐up period, 9.2% of the studied population experienced LTSA.ResultsIn the general working population, moderate LTPA was not associated with LTSA (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.72‐1.09), while high LTPA showed a tendency (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.59‐1.01). In subgroup analyses, women below the age of 45 years with high LTPA showed a significantly lower risk of LTSA when compared with their low LTPA counterparts (HR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25‐0.78).ConclusionThe results suggest that high levels of physical activity during leisure are associated with a lowered risk of LTSA, especially among younger women.
The reporting and help‐seeking behaviors of domestic violence victims with criminal backgrounds
Authors: Iratzoqui Amaia , Cohn Ellen G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe decision to report domestic violence is often conditional on whether victims were satisfied with their prior treatment by the criminal justice system. One issue in reporting victimization is that victims of domestic violence may also be involved with the system as offenders. The current paper systematically reviews research on this overlap, finding that most research supports that victims who also have criminal backgrounds are significantly less likely to report subsequent experiences of domestic violence, and are less likely and able to seek out social services, particularly when they report prior negative experiences. The paper then identifies theoretical and policy‐based implications of the review findings.
The Efficiency Gap After Gill v. Whitford
Authors: Rush Mark 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to analyze the reasoning underpinning the Supreme Court's rejection of the efficiency gap in Gill v. Whitford as a useful measure of partisan fairness in redistricting.MethodsI undertake this analysis by reviewing prior judicial commentary on measures of partisan fairness and debates among political science professionals concerning how and whether to use aggregate statewide seat and vote totals to assess whether there is bias across legislative district elections.ResultsThe analysis reveals that the Supreme Court's rejection of the efficiency gap and other statewide measures of partisan fairness is based upon thoughtful skepticism of the extent to which votes cast under different conditions in different legislative districts for choices among discrete slates of candidates can be aggregated meaningfully into statewide measures that ignore these district‐specific conditions. This skepticism is reinforced by debates among scholars about how and whether partisan votes can be aggregated in this manner.ConclusionThe Court's rejection of the efficiency gap and skepticism about other aggregate measures of partisan fairness in redistricting reinforces the extensive criticism of using the single‐member district electoral system. It distorts electoral outcomes, limits voter choice, and, thereby, renders comparisons of partisan votes in different districts quite questionable. A shift to multimember districts with some form of proportional representation such as ranked choice voting would resolve much of the criticism of and uncertainty in redistricting analysis based on the statewide aggregation of discrete legislative district election results.
Rent Sharing and Gender Discrimination: Causal Evidence from Collegiate Athletics
Authors: Lackner Mario , Zulehner Christine 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveIn this article, we analyze whether firms with market power—measured by their market share—fill top management positions differently than firms with no market power. Market power gives firms the opportunity to share rents with their employees. If these firms or their owners also have a taste for discrimination, they may share their rents in a discriminatory way. Using data from top‐level collegiate athletics, we assess the effect of market power—measured by market share—on the relative employment and wages of female coaches.MethodsTo account for the potential endogeneity of market power and unobserved productivity of female coaches, we exploit the effect of an institutionalized cartel, that is, the Bowl Championship Series (BCS), on a college's athletic department market share. By exploiting particular organizational characteristics of the BCS as an exogenous shock, we establish a causal link between market power and female employment.ResultsOur results show that an increase in the market share has a negative effect on females relative to males among coaches.ConclusionWe interpret this as evidence for Becker's (1957) theory on employer discrimination.
High turnaround times and low viral resuppression rates after reinforced adherence counselling following a confirmed virological failure diagnostic algorithm in HIV‐infected patients on first‐line antiretroviral therapy from Tanzania
Authors: Kroidl Arne , Burger Tassilo , Urio Agatha , Mugeniwalwo Roki , Mgaya Jimson , Mlagalila Faith , Hoelscher Michael , Däumer Martin , Salehe Omar , Sangare Anthony , Lennemann Tessa , Maganga Lucas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveEarly identification of confirmed virological failure is paramount to avoid accumulation of drug resistance in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Scale‐up of HIV‐RNA monitoring in Africa and timely switch to second‐line regimens are challenged.MethodsA WHO adapted confirmed virological treatment screening algorithm (HIV‐RNA screening, enhanced adherence counselling, confirmatory HIV‐RNA testing) was evaluated in HIV‐infected patients on first‐line ART from Tanzania. The main endpoints included viral resuppression and virological failure rates, retention and turnaround time of the screening algorithm until second‐line ART initiation. Secondary endpoints included risk factors for virological treatment failure and patterns of genotypic drug resistance.ResultsHIV‐RNA >1000 copies/ml at first screening was detected in 58/356 (16.3%) patients (median time‐on‐treatment 6.3 years, 25% immunological treatment failure). Adjusted risk factors for virological failure were age <30 years (RR 5.2 [95% CI: 2.5–10.8]), years on ART ≥3 years (RR 3.0 [1.0–8.9]), CD4‐counts <200 cells/µl (RR 9.3 [4.0–21.8]) and poor self‐reported treatment adherence (RR 2.0 [1.2–3.4]). Resuppression of HIV‐RNA <1000 copies/ml was observed in 5/50 (10%) cases after enhanced adherence counselling. Confirmatory testing within 3 months was performed in only 46.6% and switch to second‐line ART within 6 months in 60.4% of patients. Major NNRTI‐mutation were detected in all of 30 patients, NRTI mutations in 96.7% and ≥3 thymidine‐analogue mutations in 40%. No remaining NRTI options were predicted in 57% and limited susceptibility in 23% of patients.ConclusionWe observed low levels of viral resuppression following adherence counselling, associated with high levels of accumulated drug resistance. High visit burden and turnaround times for confirmed virological failure diagnosis further delayed switching to second‐line treatment which could be improved using novel point‐of‐care viral load monitoring systems.
Epigenetic biomarkers indicate islet cell death in xenotransplantation
Authors: Faulk Christopher , Mueller Kate R. , Cheishvili David , Colwell Mathia , Pepin Anne‐Sophie , Syzf Moshe , Hering Bernhard J. , Burlak Christopher 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundXenotransplantation of porcine islets has emerged in recent decades as a potential treatment for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Current methods of detection, indicative of successful engraftment, occur downstream of actual islet death. Epigenetic biomarkers can be detected in circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) to provide an earlier indication of graft dysfunction.AimsThe present study identified a biomarker of islet death using differential methylation of the insulin gene, INS, originating from β‐cells in porcine islets.Materials & MethodsPyrosequencing primers specific for porcine INS were designed to quantify hypomethylation along 12 cysteine‐guanine dinucleotide (CpG) sites, including three sites in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element (CRE) binding protein 2 (CRE2) binding region of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and nine sites within intron 2.ResultsPCR amplification of bisulfite‐converted DNA combined with pyrosequencing data support the conclusion that hypomethylated porcine INS is specific to islet origin.ConclusionMoreover, the results of this study indicate a highly specific epigenetic biomarker, capable of detecting a single islet, supporting the measurement of cfDNA as a biomarker for transplanted islet death. Defining the epigenetic characteristics of porcine‐derived islets within cfDNA will be crucial to develop a better understanding of graft survival immunology for transplantation.
Prolongation of rat‐to‐mouse islets xenograft survival by co‐transplantation of autologous IL‐10 differentiated murine tolerogenic dendritic cells
Authors: Madelon Natacha , Montanari Elisa , Gruaz Lyssia , Pimenta Joel , Muller Yannick D. , Bühler Leo H. , Puga Yung Gisella L. , Seebach Jörg D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) represent a promising approach to promote transplantation tolerance. In this study, the potential of autologous bone marrow (BM)–derived murine DC to protect rat‐to‐mouse islets xenografts was analyzed.MethodsTolerogenic DCs were generated by differentiating BM cells in the presence of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin 10 (IL‐10, IL‐10 DC). The phenotype of IL‐10 DC was characterized in vitro by expression of costimulatory/inhibitory molecules (flow cytometry) and cytokines (Luminex and ELISA), their function by phagocytosis and T‐cell stimulation assays. To study transplant tolerance in vivo, rat islets were transplanted alone or in combination with autologous murine IL‐10 DC under the kidney capsule of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Xenograft survival was evaluated by monitoring glycemia, cellular infiltration of xenografts by microscopy and flow cytometry 10 days post‐transplantation.ResultsCompared with control DC, IL‐10 DC exhibited lower levels of major histocompatibility complex class II, costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD86, CD205), lower production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐12p70, TNF, IL‐6), and higher production of IL‐10. Phagocytosis of xenogeneic rat splenocytes was not impaired in IL‐10 DC, whereas stimulation of T‐cell proliferation was reduced in the presence of IL‐10 DC. Xenograft survival of rat islets in diabetic mice co‐transplanted with autologous murine IL‐10 DC was significantly prolonged from 12 to 21 days, without additional immunosuppressive treatment. Overall, infiltration of xenografts by T cells and myeloid cells was not different in IL‐10 DC recipient mice, but enriched for CD8+ T cells and myeloid cells with suppressor‐associated phenotype.ConclusionsAutologous IL‐10‐differentiated DC with tolerogenic properties prolong rat‐to‐mouse islets xenograft survival, potentially by locally inducing immune regulatory cells, indicating their potential for regulatory immune cell therapy in xenotransplantation.
Detección de las dificultades lingüísticas expresivas en la edad escolar
Authors: Garrido Dunia , Carballo Gloria , Garcia-Retamero Rocio 
Published: January 2020

Los problemas lingüísticos menos severos son detectados a menudo en la edad escolar por los docentes, quienes presentan sobrecarga laboral. Estas dificultades se asocian con consecuencias negativas en el desarrollo curricular posterior. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es investigar si es posible ofrecer a los profesores un screening breve para detectar problemas de lenguaje (a nivel comprensivo y expresivo). Se llevaron a cabo dos estudios exploratorios de muestreo de cadena en los que participaron un total de 96 niños de entre 3 y 9 años (M = 6.03; DE = 1.42) y 16 docentes de entre 30 y 56 años (M = 41.25; DE = 7.22). En el estudio 1, se examinó la precisión del juicio de los docentes sobre la detección de dificultades en el lenguaje expresivo y comprensivo. Los resultados mostraron una mayor precisión de los docentes sobre las dificultades de expresión. Tras analizar los datos de forma inferencial y correlacional, se seleccionaron los ítems con mejores propiedades psicométricas para reducir la escala original utilizada. En el estudio 2, se procedió a la validación de la reducción de la escala y, en línea con el estudio previo, los resultados mostraron que la escala breve tenía unas buenas propiedades psicométricas (alpha de Cronbach = 0.96). Se desarrolló y validó una versión breve de una escala de observación que puede ser utilizada como prueba de screening para detectar dificultades expresivas de forma efectiva y rápida.
Neoliberalismo y declive institucional en Chile. La individualización del malestar laboral en psicólogos
Authors: De Armas Pedraza Tania , Venegas Ahumada Cristian , Salas Gonzalo , Aguilar-Bustamante María Constanza 
Published: January 2020

El objetivo del estudio fue describir la experiencia del malestar laboral narrada por psicólogos chilenos en grupos Facebook relacionados con la formación y ejercicio profesional de la psicología. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo aplicado a tres grupos, mediante el software NVivo 11 y orientado por un análisis sociológico de contenido, complementado con datos cuantitativos. Los hallazgos indican que el neoliberalismo produce descolectivización, que se asocia a la crisis de representación del Colegio de Psicólogos de Chile (COLEPSI), por cuanto existe una escasa legitimidad organizacional expresada en la merma de la legitimidad moral. El 25 % de los comentarios señalan que el COLEPSI no se pronuncia sobre la precariedad laboral ni la desregulación de la oferta de pregrado (22 %). Finalmente, frente al declive institucional, los psicólogos deben asumir la tramitación de su malestar laboral, específicamente, mediante la publicación en diversos grupos Facebook que poseen potencialidad de articulación política para generar cambios.
Rendimiento académico, lenguaje escrito y motivación en adolescentes españoles
Authors: González-Valenzuela María José , Martín Ruiz Isaias 
Published: January 2020

Este estudio examina la contribución individual y conjunta de la motivación, la comprensión lectora y la composición escrita en el rendimiento académico de adolescentes españoles de distintos niveles educativos. La muestra está formada por 203 sujetos, de edades comprendidas entre 12 y 14 años [1.º de ESO (M = 12.4 y DE =1.28), 2.º de ESO (M = 13.6 y DE = 1.02) y 3º de ESO (M = 14.2 y DE = 1.34)], de nivel sociocultural medio y con niveles intelectuales normales. Se evalúa el rendimiento académico, la comprensión lectora, la composición escrita y la motivación de logro. Se realizan análisis de correlación y análisis de regresión lineal. Los resultados indican que las variables conjuntamente estudiadas contribuyen a explicar un relevante porcentaje del rendimiento académico en los distintos niveles educativos. La comprensión lectora y la motivación explican entre un 44 y 64 % y entre un 27 y 36 %, respectivamente, de la variabilidad el rendimiento académico en las distintas edades. Se pone de manifiesto la importancia de las variables motivacionales y lingüísticas, en concreto, de la comprensión lectora, para la mejora del rendimiento académico y de la prevención del fracaso escolar en adolescentes españoles.
Influence Analysis of Narrowband Random Sweep Range Setup in Mixed Mode Vibration Test
Authors: Sun Qingxin , Wu Sa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSweeping narrowband random on broadband random (RoR) is a common vibration test method. However, different vibration controllers have different definitions on a sweep frequency range of narrowband. Some controllers define the sweep range by the central frequency of the narrowband, as well as the others by the left and right boundaries of the narrowband bandwidth, respectively. The difference between these two setups may have significant influence on the response of the test specimen when its natural frequency is adjacent to the sweep range, which may lead to different test results. This paper studies the different responses of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system with different Q between the two setups when conducting RoR tests. Simulating and experimental results are also presented. The conclusion is that the sweep range setup can result to unneglectable test difference and the test operators should be aware of it when setting up the test profile.
Transient Response of Inductrack Systems for Maglev Transport: Part I—A New Transient Model
Authors: Wang Ruiyang , Yang Bingen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs a new strategy for magnetic levitation, Inductrack systems with Halbach arrays of permanent magnets have been applied to Maglev trains and intensively researched in various projects. In an Inductrack system, the magnetic interaction forces are coupled with the motion of a moving vehicle carrying Halbach arrays, which in many situations results in complicated transient behaviors of the system. In this two-part paper, a new transient model of two degrees-of-freedom for Inductrack systems is proposed. The highlight of this work is that the transient model is developed based on the fundamental principle of physics, without the assumption of steady-state quantities and averaged magnetic forces and with the finite dimensions of Halbach arrays in consideration. In Part I, the transient model is derived through the establishment of a set of nonlinear integro-differential governing equations, and the magnetic interaction forces in the Inductrack system are determined in analytical form. In Part II, the solution of the governing equations, model validation with the previous results in the literature, and transient response analysis via numerical simulation is presented. Although only two degrees-of-freedom have been considered, the approach of modeling and analysis presented in this paper can be extended to general cases of multi-degrees-of-freedom.
ACOUSTICAL STANDARDS NEWS
Authors: Blair-DeLeon Nancy A. , Struck Christopher J. 
Published: January 2020

American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed by Accredited Standards Committees S1, S2, S3, S3/SC 1, and S12 in the areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock, bioacoustics, animal bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). In addition to these standards, ASA publishes a catalog of Acoustical American National Standards. To browse the latest copy of our catalog, visit our website at https://acousticalsociety.org/download-catalog/.
Comments are welcomed on all material in Acoustical Standards News.
This Acoustical Standards News section in JASA, as well as the national catalog of Acoustical Standards and other information on the Standards Program of the Acoustical Society of America, are also available via the ASA Standards home page: https://acousticalsociety.org/acoustical-society-standards/.
Content and outcomes of narrative medicine programmes: a systematic review of the literature through 2019
Authors: Remein Christy DiFrances , Childs Ellen , Pasco John Carlo , Trinquart Ludovic , Flynn David B , Wingerter Sarah L , Bhasin Robina M , Demers Lindsay B , Benjamin Emelia J 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesNarrative medicine (NM) incorporates stories into health sciences paradigms as fundamental aspects of the human experience. The aim of this systematic review is to answer the research question: how effective is the implementation and evaluation of NM programmes in academic medicine and health sciences? We documented objectives, content and evaluation outcomes of NM programming to provide recommendations for future narrative-based education.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of literature published through 2019 using five major databases: PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC and MedEdPORTAL. Eligible NM programming included textual analysis/close reading of published literature and creative/reflective writing. Qualifying participants comprised individuals from academic medicine and health sciences disciplines. We reviewed and categorised programme goals, content and evaluation activities to assess participant satisfaction and programme efficacy. Two members of the research team assessed the risk of bias, independently screening records via a two-round, iterative process to reach consensus on eligibility.ResultsOf 1569 original citations identified, we selected 55 unique programmes (described in 61 records). In all, 41 (75%) programmes reported a form of evaluation; evaluation methods lacked consistency. Twenty-two programmes used quantitative evaluation (13 well described), and 33 programmes used qualitative evaluation (27 well described). Well-described quantitative evaluations relied on 32 different measures (7 validated) and showed evidence of high participant satisfaction and pre-post improvement in competencies such as relationship-building, empathy, confidence/personal accomplishment, pedagogical skills and clinical skills. An average of 88.3% of participants agreed or strongly agreed that the programme had positive outcomes. Qualitative evaluation identified high participant satisfaction and improvement in competencies such as relationship-building, empathy, perspective-taking/reflection, resilience and burnout detection/mitigation, confidence/personal accomplishment, narrative competence, and ethical inquiry.ConclusionEvaluation suggests that NM programming leads to high participant satisfaction and positive outcomes across various competencies. We suggest best practices and innovative future directions for programme implementation and evaluation.