bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POLITENESS STRATEGIES REFLECTED BY THE MAIN CHARACTER IN “BRIDGE TO TERABITHIA” MOVIE
Authors: Fitria Hidayatul , Ningrum Dian Riesti , Suhandoko Suhandoko 
Published: December 2020

This research aims to identify politeness strategies reflected by the main character in “Bridge to Terabithia” movie. Qualitative method is used by the researcher to analyze the data. The data are the utterances of the main character that include politeness strategies. In analyzing the data, the researcher uses theory by Brown and Levinson (1987) about politeness strategies. The results of this research show that there are four types of politeness strategies which used by the main character in this movie. The most type that used is bald on record strategy and positive politeness strategy. The factors in using politeness strategies by the main character in this movie are payoffs in each strategy and circumstances (sociological variables). The researcher hopes that this research could give the contribution toward the next researchers. Moreover, some recommendations are given to the next researchers who will do the same research on politeness strategies either in the movie or in other forms. Key Words: Politeness strategies, Bridge to Terabithia
Structure and properties forming in ductile iron during isothermal hardening using ultrasound
Authors: Kovalko M. S. , Volochko A. T. , Ziziko A. V. , Rubanik V. V. 
Published: December 2020

The paper considers the possibility of intensifying isothermal holding processes during quenching of high-strength cast irons by using an external source of physical impact in the form of ultrasonic waves. For experimental evaluation of this effect in the laboratory of MiAM of the Physical-Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, prototypes of highstrength cast irons were cast in an ISV 0.004 crucible induction furnace. A mixture of NaNO2 and KNO3 salts in a 1:1 ratio was used as a liquid cooling medium during quenching. Ultrasonic treatment of the salt melt during the cooling of the samples was carried out using an UZG-20–15 generator in cooperation with the ITA of NAS of Belarus. The mechanical properties and structure of the treated cast irons were determined both in the cast state and after isothermal quenching.To study the effect of ultrasonic treatment of the quenching bath on the formation of the structure and properties of highstrength cast irons during isothermal quenching, a number of comparative experiments were carried out, consisting in cooling the samples from 910 °C to 350 °C with and without the use of dynamic waves to the bath. With the help of metallographic analysis, measurements of hardness and friction coefficient, the beneficial effect of ultrasonic treatment of the cooling medium on the structure and properties is shown, which is reflected in an increase in the uniformity of the distribution of hardness over the cross section of cast iron and in its wear resistance, as well as a reduction in the isothermal holding time by up to two times.
Influencing factors and functioning mechanism of the service experience of elderly care when integrated with health care in China: a qualitative study
Authors: Liu Zhihan , Zhang Wenya , Su Linyi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: As a service delivery mode of integrating health care with elderly care has begun to be vigorously promoted in China, it is urgent to carry out studies on the service experience from the perspective of the elderly, to help evaluate and understand the service performance. Different from the existing quantitative research, this study employed qualitative methodology to dig deeper into the influencing factors and functioning mechanism in shaping the service experience of elderly care when integrated with health care, in the Chinese context. Methods: Based on Constructing Grounded Theory, we coded and analyzed the in-depth interview data of 20 elders and 6 management staff recruited from 6 elderly care institutions under the emerging service delivery mode being piloted in Changsha, China. Results: It was found that the service experience of elderly care when integrated with health care is mainly affected by scenario construction, individual cognition and interactive communication. Specifically, the influencing factors can be divided into 9 sub-categories: social foundation, institutional characteristics, service characteristics, psychological characteristics, cognitive ability, understanding and perception, interactive trust, communication and participation feedback. Based on these influencing factors and the functioning mechanism (a total of 9 influencing paths), we proposed a theoretical model of the service experience of elderly care when integrated with health care. Conclusions: Service characteristics, institutional characteristics and interactive trust have direct effects on the service experience of elderly care when integrated with health care, while social foundation, psychological characteristics, cognitive ability, understanding and perception, communication and participation feedback have indirect effects. From the perspective of polycentric governance, to improve the elderly care service experience, the government needs to make overall plans to reduce the cooperation resistance caused by the uneven distribution of interests among different departments. Moreover, the policy network needs to give more attention to the elderly while improving the supply of institutional services.
New insights into the molecular mechanism behind mannitol and erythritol fructosylation by β-fructofuranosidase from Schwanniomyces occidentalis
Authors: Rodrigo-Frutos David , Jiménez-Ortega Elena , Piedrabuena David , Ramírez-Escudero Mercedes , Míguez Noa , Plou Francisco , Sanz-Aparicio Julia , Fernández-Lobato María 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The β-fructofuranosidase from Schwanniomyces occidentalis (Ffase) is a useful biotechnological tool for the fructosylation of different acceptors to produce fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and fructo-conjugates. In this work, the structural determinants of Ffase involved in the transfructosylating reaction of the alditols mannitol and erythritol have been studied in detail. Complexes with fructosyl-erythritol or sucrose were analyzed by crystallography and the effect of mutational changes in positions Gln-176, Gln-228, and Asn-254 revised to explore their role in modulating this biocatalytic process. Interestingly, N254T variant enhanced the wild-type protein production of fructosyl-erythritol and FOS by `30% and 48%, respectively. Moreover, it showed a shift towards neokestose, which represented ~27% of total FOS, and yielded 31.8 g l-1 blastose by using glucose as exclusive fructosyl-acceptor. Noteworthy, N254D and Q176E replacements turned the specificity of Ffase transferase activity towards the synthesis of the fructosylated polyols at the expense of FOS production, but without increasing the total reaction efficiency. The results presented here highlight the relevance of the pair Gln-228/Asn-254 for Ffase donor-sucrose binding and opens new windows of opportunity for optimizing the generation of fructosyl-derivatives by this enzyme enhancing its biotechnological applicability.
Development and Assessment of The Quality of Life Instruments for Chronic Diseases-Gout(QLICD-GO) (V2.0)
Authors: Liu Qiongling , Wan Chonghua , Xie Xiaohua , Liu Xu , Zhang Xingshan , Rao Jiawei , Wang Xingjie , Pan Haiyan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To develop and assess the Quality of Life Instruments for Chronic Diseases-Gout (QLICD-GO [V2.0]).Methods: The instrument was developed using a programmatic decision-making method to combine the general module of the Quality of Life Instruments for Chronic Diseases and a new specific module. The instrument was assessed by measuring the quality of life of 116 patients with gout. Results: The QLICD-GO(V2.0) included 28 items from the general module of chronic diseases and 12 items in three facets from the specific module. In addition to the field of physiological function, the internal consistency reliability of other fields and dimensions of the instrument was >0.7 and the split-half reliability was >0.5. Three common factors were extracted from the specific module, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 57.54%. The standardized response means of the specific module and the whole instrument were 0.94 and 1.20, respectively. Conclusions: The QLICD-GO(V2.0) has good reliability, validity, and responsiveness. The instrument comprehensively and objectively reflects the quality of life of patients with gout, and it can be used to assess treatment regimens developed by medical staff.
Identification of the Suitable Insertion Site for Expression of Spike Gene of A Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Variant in A Pseudorabies Virus Vector
Authors: Zhang Chuanjian , Guo Shiqi , Guo Rongli , Chen Saisai , Zheng Yating , Xu Mengwei , Wang Zhisheng , Liu Yamei , Wang Jichun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The emergence of variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain and pseudorabies virus (PRV) in China in recent years has decreased the effectiveness of CV777 and Bartha K61 vaccines, causing significant loss to the swine industry. Previously, we generated a TK&gE-deleted PRV (PRVTK&gE-AH02) based on a virulent PRV AH02LA strain. It was shown to be safe for 1-day-old piglets with maternal PRV antibodies and 4～5 week-old PRV antibody negative piglets and provide rapid and complete protection in weaned pigs against lethal challenge with the PRV variant strain. PRVTK&gE-AH02 may be a promising live vaccine vector for construction of recombinant vaccine in pigs. PEDV spike (S) protein is mainly used in the development of PEDV vaccines. Therefore, the gene-deleted PRV (from PRV variants) vectored vaccine expressing variant PEDV S gene may be viable PEDV and PRV vaccine candidates. However, insertion site is an important factor affecting foreign gene expression and vaccine efficacy. Results: In this study, we constructed four recombinant PRV-S bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) carrying the same S expression cassette in different noncoding regions (UL11-10, UL35-36, UL46-27 or US2-1) from AH02LA BAC with TK, gE and gI deletion. The successful expression of S gene (UL11-10, UL35-36 and UL46-27) in recombinant viruses was confirmed by virus rescue, PCR, RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence. We observed higher S gene mRNA expression level in Swine testicular cells infected with PRV-S(UL11-10)ΔTK/gE and PRV-S (UL35-36)ΔTK/gE compared to that of PRV-S(UL46-27)ΔTK/gE at 6 hour post infection (P < 0.05). Moreover, at 12 hour post infection, cells infected with PRV-S (UL11-10)ΔTK/gE exhibited higher S gene mRNA expression than those infected with PRV-S (UL35-36)ΔTK/gE (P = 0.097) and PRV-S (UL46-27)ΔTK/gE (P < 0.05). Recovered vectored mutant PRV-S (UL11-10, UL35-36 and UL46-27) exhibited similar growth kinetics to the parental virus (PRVTK&gE-AH02).Conclusions: The identification and comparison of the insertion sites in PRV genome laids a foundation for future development of recombinant PRV vaccines.
Therapeutic Inertia in the Management of Proteinuria Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Hong Kong Primary Care Setting: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: CHAN FU LEUNG , CHEN XIAO RUI CATHERINE , LI YIM CHU 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Proteinuria is a well-known predictor of poor renal and cardiovascular outcomes in T2DM patientsMethods: Objectives: To explore the prevalence of Therapeutic inertia (TI) on proteinuria management among T2DM patients in primary care and possible patients’ and doctors’ factors.Study design: Cross-sectional studySubjects: T2DM patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria from 1/1/2014 to 31/12/2015.Outcome assessments: The prevalence of TI on proteinuria management and its association patients’ factors and the working profile of the attending doctors.Results: 5, 163 (26.4%) patients had diabetic nephropathy (DMN) with micro- or macroalbuminuria. Among the sampled 385 patients with DMN, TI was found to be 40.3%. Doctor factors for higher TI rate include male sex and doctors with longer duration of clinical practice and who have never received any form of Family Medicine training. Patients factors include lower average systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure reading. Patients’ SBP reading and microalbuminuria were negative association factor whereas doctor’s year of clinical practice being over 21 years and patients being treated with submaximal dose of medication were positive association factors to TI. Conclusions: TI is commonly present on proteinuria management among T2DM patients managed in the primary care. Patient’s systolic blood pressure reading, microalbuminuria level, Dr’s year of clinical practice and dose of ACEI/ARB were found to be associated with the presence of TI. Further study on the barriers and strategies to combat TI is needed to improve the clinical outcome among T2DM patients.
Development of an Intervention to Support Reproductive Health of Garment Factory Workers in Cambodia
Authors: Smith Chris , Sokhey Ly , Tijamo Camille , McLaren Megan , Free Caroline , Watkins Justin , Amra Ou , Masuda Chisato , Williamson Amy , Oreglia Elisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Garment factory workers in Cambodia are potentially a vulnerable population in terms of support for reproductive health issues and access to services, as the majority are young women aged under 30 years who have migrated from rural areas away from their family and community support. The aim of this paper was to describe the development of an intervention to support the reproductive health of garment factory workers in Cambodia.Methods: The research was conducted by a multidisciplinary team with backgrounds in public health, linguistics, digital cultures and service delivery in a suburb of Phnom Penh where many garment factories cluster. Informed by intervention mapping approaches, we conducted a needs assessment with general and participant observation and semi-structured interviews, followed by intervention development activities including specifying possible behaviour change, designing the intervention and producing and refining intervention content.Results: Our research identified some challenges that Cambodian garment factory workers experience regarding contraception and abortion. Concerns or experience of side-effects were identified as an important determinant leading to non-use of effective contraception and subsequent unintended pregnancy. Financial constraints or a desire to space pregnancies were the main reported reasons to seek an abortion. Information about medical abortion given to women by private providers was often verbal, with packaging and the drug information leaflet withheld. Given the observed widespread use of social media among factory workers, we developed three short ‘edutainment’ videos about contraception which were evaluated after one month. In addition we adapted three informative videos made by Marie Stopes International (MSI) from English to the Khmer language, and also adapted the MSI medical abortion ‘Mariprist’ instruction leaflet to a simple video format.Conclusions: We describe the development of an intervention to support reproductive health among garment factory workers in Cambodia. These videos could be further improved and additional videos could be developed. More work is required to develop appropriate and effective interventions to support reproductive health of garment factory workers in Cambodia.Trial registration: N/A
Association Analysis Between Different Diabetic Family History and Gender with Diagnosed Age of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study in Tianjin, China
Authors: Hao Zhaohu , Huang Xiao , Liu Xiaohui , Xu Rong , Yao JunXin , He Feng , Shao Hailin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the correlation between different diabetic family history and gender with diagnosed age of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods: To register the newly diagnosed T2DM patients who were admitted to the diabetes identification center of our hospital from October 2017 to June 2020. According to whether the age of diagnosis is more than 40 years old, patients were divided into two groups (early-onset T2DM and late-onset T2DM). In the study,the DM family history was divided into five types: (a)Father DM:Only the father had diabetes in both parents;(b)Mother DM:Only the mother had diabetes in both parents;(c)Both parents DM,Both parents have DM;(d)other family history of DM (without father or mother with DM) and (e)without family history of DM.The diagnosed age with different genders and diabetic family history is compared.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the correlation factors of early-onset T2DM.Results: 3725 patients completed the survey. There were 589 patients (15.8%) with early-onset T2DM, and2469 patients (66.3%) had diabetic family history. The T2DM diagnosed age in male was lower than that in female(51.7 ± 11.2vs54.0 ± 10.2,t = -6.283, p<0.001).The result was also reflected in different DM family history(with Both parents DM,46.7±11.1vs48.5±10.3,t = -1.105, p=0.271;with Father DM,46.8±10.8vs49.8±11.3,t=-2.825,p=0.005;with Mother DM,50.4±10.6vs52.3±10.2,t=-2.342,p=0.019;with other DM familiy history,54.0±10.8vs55.7±9.5,t=-2.652,p=0.008;with NO DM familiy history,53.0±11.0vs55.9±9.3,t=-4.738,p<0.001).T2DM diagnosed age with both parents DM(47.5±11.0) and father DM(47.9±11.1) family history<that with mother DM family history(51.1±10.5) < that with other DM family history(54.7±10.3) and no DM family history(54.1±10.5).Logistic regression analysis indicated that gender(OR2.124,p<0.001), father DM history(OR2.7,p<0.001), mother DM history(OR1.548,p=0.001), both parents DM(OR2.844,p<0.001),BMI(OR1.106,p<0.001) and drinking history(OR0.682,p=0.002) were correlated with early-onset T2DM.Conclusion: Patients with early-onset T2DM tend to have more obvious DM family history in China. This survey shows that the parent DM family history especially father diabetes family history, male patients are diagnosed T2DM earlier.Drinking history was negatively correlated with the early-onset T2DM in male patients.We need more aggressive screening for diabetes in children with a family history of diabetes, especially in men.
Negative Surgical Exploration in Patients Suspected GIP: Trend, Preoperative Predictors, Etiologies, and Outcomes
Authors: Liu Xuan , Zhang Bo , Gong Yuda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Despite the rapid improvement of clinical science and imaging technology including computed tomography, the entity of negative surgical exploration in suspected gastrointestinal perforation (N-GIP) remains existing. However, few studies have focused on this issue and most studies are case reports. We undertook this study to investigate the rates of N-GIP, and explore a set of possible preoperative predictors associated with N-GIP.METHODS: This was a retrospective study performed at the department of general surgery in our treatment center. All patients included were suspected GIP cases, aged 14 years and over, and underwent emergency surgery between 2009 and 2019. A predictive multivariable model of the presence of N-GIP was developed using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: A total of 973 patients were identified and 30 (3.1%) were found to have no evidence of perforated gastrointestinal tract. The mean age of patients was 59.74 (range 14–97) years and 67.2 percent of the patients were males. The rates of N-GIP did not have a significant change over time (P =0.212 for trend). In multivariable analysis, absence of generalized peritonitis, duration of abdominal pain > 19.6 hours, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio < 3.80 were significant predictors of N-GIP. N-GIP was more common in patients with gastrointestinal tumors and foreign bodies. Five patients (16.7%) in N-GIP group experienced complications and the 90-day mortality rate was 6.7%.CONCLUSION: The rates of N-GIP did not change significantly over time. N-GIP was associated with the absence of generalized peritonitis, duration of abdominal pain > 19.6 hours, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio < 3.80.
Reprogramming of the Wheat Transcriptome in Response to Infection with Claviceps Purpurea, the Causal Agent of Ergot
Authors: Boyd Lesley A. , Tente Eleni , Ereful Nelzo , Rodriguez Anyela Camargo , Grant Paul , O’Sullivan Donal M. , Gordon Anna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Ergot, caused by the fungal pathogen Claviceps purpurea, infects the female flowers of a range of cereal crops, including wheat. To understand the interaction between C. purpurea and hexaploid wheat we undertook an extensive examination of the reprogramming of the wheat transcriptome in response to C. purpurea infection through floral tissues (i.e. the stigma, transmitting and base ovule tissues of the ovary) and over time. Results: C. purpurea hyphae were observed to have grown into and down the stigma at 24 hours (H) after inoculation. By 48H hyphae had grown through the transmitting tissue into the base, while by 72H hyphae had surrounded the ovule. By 5 days (D) the ovule had been replaced by fungal tissue. Significant differential gene expression was first observed at 1H in the stigma tissue. Many of the wheat genes differentially transcribed in response to C. purpurea infection were associated with plant hormones and included the ethylene (ET), auxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acid (GA), salicylic acid and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic and signaling pathways. Hormone-associated genes were first detected in the stigma and base tissues at 24H, but not in the transmitting tissue. Genes associated with GA and JA pathways were seen in the stigma at 24H, while JA and ET-associated genes were identified in the base at 24H. In addition, several defence-associated genes were differential expressed in response to C. purpurea infection, including antifungal proteins, endocytosis/exocytosis-related proteins, NBS-LRR class proteins, genes involved in programmed cell death, receptor protein kinases and transcription factors. Of particular interest was the identification of significant differential expression of wheat genes in the base tissue well before the appearance of fungal hyphae, suggesting that a mobile signal, either pathogen or plant-derived, is delivered to the base prior to colonisation.Conclusions: Multiple host hormonal biosynthesis and signalling pathways were significantly perturbed from an early stage in the wheat – C. purpurea interaction. Significant differential gene expression at the base of the ovary, ahead of arrival of the pathogen, indicated the potential presence of a long-distance signal modifying host gene expression.