bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve in the NAFTA Countries, 1971-2014
Authors: Gómez Mario , Rodríguez José Carlos 
Published: July 2020

Objetive: This paper analyzes the environmental Kuznets curve (ekc) for the North American Free Trade Agreement (nafta) countries during 1971-2014.

Methodology: In this regard, unit root, co-integration, and causality tests are applied making use of the data panel approach.

Results: Results suggest that the series in this research are integrated of order one, and a long-run relationship among variables is observed. Besides, the ekc hypothesis is confirmed. In addition, the analysis shows that renewable energy and trade openness contribute to reducing pollution in these countries.

Limitations: Further research should be done to include other variables such as financial development and human capital.

Originality: The present paper contributes to understanding the relationship between trade openness and renewable energy consumption, on the one hand, and pollution, on the other.

Conclusions: Policies concerned to trade openness and environmental issues should consider renewable energy and trade to reduce pollutant emissions in these countries.

Recepción: 11/12/2018
Aceptación: 06/03/2020
La Reine Pokou De Véronique Tadjo Une Subversion Dialogique D’un Discours Social Ivoirien
Authors: Chinwe Jane Okolo , Brown Onubiyi Nneka 
Published: July 2020

La littérature postmoderne est forte marquée par la critique de la déconstruction et la réévaluation des conventions littéraires car le postmodernisme comprend des traits comme la contradiction, le hasard, la permutation, l’excès ou la discontinuité parmi d’autres. La légende d’Abraha Pokou s’est vue adoptée comme le mythe fondateur de la nation ivoirienne. Face aux turbulences sociales en Côte d’Ivoire Véronique Tadjo dans son roman La Reine Pokou entreprend une réécriture de cette légende et discours social ivoirien. Notre propos ici c’est de jeter un regard sur La Reine Pokou de Véronique Tadjo afin de dégager la textualisation de la subversion dialogique de ce discours social. La Reine Pokou se révèle une subversion dialogique de ce discours social ivoirien. La subversion dialogique de ce discours social s’avère significative du fait qu’elle fait naître une remise en question de cette légende dans la conscience sociale ivoirienne. La textualisation de la subversion dialogique de la légende dans le roman prête foi au rôle important de la littérature dans l’évolution des mœurs et des habitudes de la société dans laquelle elle se trouve. Ainsi, de par sa plume, Véronique Tadjo éveille une prise de conscience et une crise de conscience chez les Ivoiriens qui sont impliquées d’une manière ou d’une autre dans les perturbations sociopolitiques en Côte d’Ivoire.
Borges y el tango, una revisión
Authors: Espitia Cabrejo Néstor , Becerra Mayorga Witton 
Published: July 2020

En Borges hay una la relación estrecha con el tango. Su visión de esta música se relaciona con las experiencias que tuvo en medio del auge y la difusión inicial de este género de la música argentina. Este
artículo propone una revisión sobre la relación de Borges y el tango.La finalidad y el propósito con la que se hace esta revisión es la de entender la colaboración entre Borges y Piazzolla en el álbum de 1965, titulado El tango. Se hace, por tanto, una revisión bibliográfica y documental de fuentes críticas acerca de la obra del escritor argentino y el tango. Así, el último apartado condensa lo que se ha escrito acerca de la relación entre Borges y Piazzolla. Así, el tangose entiende como obra mítica y la milonga como formadora del tango en la versión del tango canción y la visión de Borges al respecto.Borges tiene una visión conservadora del tango. Borges preserva la visión mítica del tango, los análisis de las fuentes muestran que no compartía las nuevas formas de hacer la música argentina. Esto fue lo que lo llevó a discrepar con Piazzolla, no solo con la visión que cada uno tenía del tango, sino con el resultado de su álbum de 1965.
Fiatal versenysportolók étkezési szokásainak vizsgálata
Authors: Foltin Bianka , Kiss Virág Ágnes 
Published: July 2020

Napjainkban a mozgás és az egészségmegőrzése egyre hangsúlyosabban jelenik meg mind a közéletben, mind a tudományos világban. Ehhez kapcsolódóan számos tudományos fejlődéssel, új ajánlással találkozhatunk. Jelen kutatásban a sportoló ifjúságot vizsgáltuk, elsősorban étkezési szokásaikat illetően, hiszen a megfelelő étrend összeállítása sokban hozzájárul, hogy a sportolók a lehető legjobb eredményt tudják elérni. Kutatásunkban az aktuális tudományos trendek, kutatási eredmények feltérképezése után kérdőíves megkérdezéssel vizsgáltuk a célcsoport tagjait, azaz a versenysportot űző 15-35 közötti fiatalokat. A szűrések és az adattisztítás után 190 fő maradt a mintában. A vizsgálatok jelen tanulmányban leíró statisztikai elemzésekre épültek. Eredményeinkből kiderült, hogy alanyainknál nem lép fel különbség a felkészülési- és versenyidőszak alatti étkezés esetében, ez mindkét periódusban jellemzően az ajánlásoknak megfelelően 3-5 alkalom. Ezenkívül megállapíthatjuk, hogy már az egészen fiatal sportolók is tisztában vannak a tudatos táplálkozás fontosságával, és igyekeznek ennek megfelelő, kiegyensúlyozott étkezést folytatni. Ami viszont kevésbé fest jó képet tájékozottságukról, hogy nem ismerik vagy nem tartják fontosnak a különböző egészség- és teljesítményvédő, illetve -fejlesztő élelmiszerek fogyasztását, illetve nem is érdeklődnek az ehhez kapcsolódó új lehetőségek iránt.
JEL besorolás: M31, H12, Z2
Pengelolaan Manajemen Risiko Sebagai Upaya Tindakan Preventif Pada Pembiayaan Mudharabah
Authors: Cahyadi Iwan Fahri 
Published: July 2020

<p>Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan ekonomi di suatu negara tidak terlepas dari peran institusi di dalamnya, misalnya lembaga keuangan. Semakin banyak jumlah lembaga keuangan yang sehat mengindikasikan aktivitas dan produktivitas ekonomi suatu negara tersebut sangat baik. Tolok ukur pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dapat dilihat dari indikator diantaranya tingkat inflasi di bawah 5%, turunnya jumlah angka pengangguran, Pendapatan Domestik Brutto (PDB) yang meningkat, turunnya jumlah angka kemiskinan, cadangan devisa bertambah, dan lain sebagainya.</p><p> </p><p>Indonesia pada tahun 2017 tergolong negara yang memiliki kondisi ekonomi yang prospektif, hal ini dapat dilihat dari indikator ekonomi yang tergolong baik. Maka tidak heran bila lembaga keuangan baik bank maupun non bank tumbuh pesat di Indonesia, tidak terkecuali lembaga pembiayaan syariah.</p><p> </p><p>Indonesia, dengan jumlah penduduk hampir 260 juta jiwa yang terdiri dari 70% penduduknya berusia produktif (15-64 tahun) merupakan sumber daya yang tidak bisa diabaikan dalam menggerakkan roda perekonomian. Bagi bisnis syariah ini merupakan peluang yang sangat besar, kondisi ini juga didukung oleh hampir sebagian besar atau mayoritas penduduk Indonesia beragama islam.</p><p>Bisnis adalah suatu aktivitas yang selalu berhadapan dengan resiko dan <em>return</em>. Bank syari’ah adalah salah satu unit bisnis. Dengan demikian, bank syari’ah juga akan menghadapi resiko manajemen bank itu sendiri. Bahkan kalau dicermati lebih mendalam, bank syari’ah merupakan bank yang syarat dengan resiko, karena dalam menjalankan aktivitasnya banyak berhubungan dengan produk-produk bank yang banyak mengandung resiko, seperti produk <em>mudharabah</em>. Demikian pula resiko yang diakibatkan karena ketidakjujuran atau kecurangan nasabah dalam melakukan transaksi. Oleh karena itu, para pejabat bank syari’ah harus dapat mengendalikan resiko seminimal mungkin dalam rangka untuk memperoleh keuntungan yang optimum.</p><p>Paling tidak ada 4 (empat) hal yang berkenaan dengan resiko yang perlu dikelola secara baik, yaitu resiko pasar, resiko pembiayaan, resiko likuiditas dan resiko operasional. Apabila ke empat hal ini mampu di kelola dengan baik, maka keberhasilan bisnis syariah akan mampu tumbuh dan berkembang dengan baik serta mampu bersaing dengan lembaga pembiayaan lainnya.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci : </strong>Manajemen Resiko, Mudharabah, Syariah, Lembaga Keuangan<strong>, </strong>Bisnis.<strong></strong></p>
An Efficient Computational Model for Class Imbalance Problem in Self-Interaction Proteins Prediction
Authors: An Ji-Yong , Zhou Yong , Yan Zi-Ji , Zhao Yu-Jun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Self-interaction Proteins (SIPs) play a key role in a variety of biological activities of organisms. In consideration of the time-consuming and expensive of high-throughput methods, and the number of positive and negative samples is very imbalanced in SIPs datasets. How to develop accurate and efficient computational approaches for assisting and accelerating the study of identifying SIPs is a challenging task.Results：In the work, we proposed a new computational method called WELM-SURF for predicting SIPs. More specifically, for exploiting protein sequence feature, Position Specific Scoring Matrix (PSSM) is applied to capturing protein evolutionary information and Speed up robot features (SURF) is employed to extract key feature of protein sequence from PSSM. Take account of the advantage that the Weighted Extreme Learning Machine (WELM) has short training time, good generalization ability, and most importantly ability to efficiently execute classification for imbalanced class samples by optimizing the loss function of weight matrix. Therefore, the WELM classifier is used to perform classification based on extracted features for predicting SIPs. A large number of experiments show that the average accuracy of WELM-SURF is 95.25% and 98.79% on yeast and human dataset, respectively. We also compared our performance with Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), the state-of-the-art Support Vector Machine (SVM), and other existing methods. Compared with the experimental results, the performance of WELM-SURF in this domain is obviously better than ELM, SVM and other previous methods.Conclusion: These experimental results proved that the proposed WELM-SURF model is competent for predicting SIPs with high accuracy and robustness. It is anticipated that the WELM-SURF method is a useful computational tool to facilitate widely bioinformatics studies related to SIPs prediction. For further encouraging future proteomics research, we developed a freely available web server called WELM-SURF-SIPs. It is available at http://219.219.62.123:8888/WELMSURF/ and includes SIPs datasets and source code.
Contrasting roles of the innate receptors TREM2 versus Mincle in the recognition and response of macrophages to mycolic acid-containing lipids in mycobacterial cell walls
Authors: Iizasa Ei'ichi , Chuma Yasushi , Uematsu Takayuki , Kubota Mio , Kawaguchi Hiroaki , Umemura Masayuki , Toyonaga Kenji , Kiyohara Hideyasu , Yano Ikuya , Colonna Marco , Sugita Masahiko , Matsuzaki Goro , Yamasaki Sho , Yoshida Hiroki , Hara Hiromitsu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mycobacterial cell-wall glycolipids elicit an anti-mycobacterial immune response via FcRγ-associated C-type lectin receptors, including Mincle, and caspase-recruitment domain family member 9 (CARD9). Additionally, mycobacteria harbor immuno-evasive cell-wall lipids associated with virulence and latency; however, their mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we show that the DAP12-associated triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) recognizes mycobacterial cell-wall mycolic acid (MA)-containing lipids and suggest a mechanism by which mycobacteria control host immunity via TREM2. Macrophages responded to glycosylated MA-containing lipids in a Mincle/FcRγ/CARD9-dependent manner to produce inflammatory cytokines and recruit inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-positive mycobactericidal macrophages. Conversely, macrophages responded to non-glycosylated MAs in a TREM2/DAP12-dependent but CARD9-independent manner to recruit iNOS-negative mycobacterium-permissive macrophages. Furthermore, TREM2 deletion enhanced Mincle-induced macrophage activation in vitro and inflammation in vivo and accelerated the elimination of mycobacterial infection, suggesting that TREM2-DAP12 signaling counteracts Mincle-FcRγ-CARD9-mediated anti-mycobacterial immunity. Mycobacteria, therefore, harness TREM2 for immune evasion.
Simulated Aeromedical Evacuation Exacerbates Burn Induced Lung Injury: Targeting Mitochondrial DNA for Reversal
Authors: Xiao Mengjing , Zou Xiaofang , Li Bin , Li Baolong , Wu Shijian , Zhang Bo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Aeromedical evacuation of patients with burn trauma is an important transport method at both wartime and peacetime, which exposes patients to prolonged periods of hypobaric hypoxia. However, the effects of such exposure on burn injury, particularly on burn induced lung injury are largely unexplored. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of hypobaric hypoxia on burn induced lung injury and to discuss the possible mechanism by using a rat burn model. Methods: Male wistar rats inflicted with 30% total body surface area burn were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia condition (simulated 2000m altitude) or normoxia control for 24 h. Deoxyribonuclease I was systemically administrated as treatment intervention. Systemic inflammatory mediators and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid level were detected. The histopathological examination, and acute lung injury score were determined. Malonaldehyde content, myeloperoxidase activity, and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome level in the lung tissue were measured. Data among groups were compared by using analysis of variance followed by the post hoc analysis of Tukey's test. Results: Burn resulted in remarkably higher level of systemic inflammatory cytokines and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid release, which was further heightened by hypobaric hypoxia exposure. Moreover, hypobaric hypoxia exposure gave rise to increased NLRP3 inflammasome expression, elevated malonaldehyde content and myeloperoxidase activity in the lung. Burn induced lung injury was exacerbated as shown by histopathological examination and acute lung injury score. Administration of deoxyribonuclease I markedly reduced mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid release and systemic inflammatory cytokines production. Furthermore, NLRP3 inflammasome level in the lung tissue was decreased and burn induced lung injury was ameliorated. Conclusions: Our results suggested that simulated aeromedical evacuation further increased the burn induced mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid release and exacerbated burn induced inflammation and lung injury. Deoxyribonuclease I reduced the release of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid and limited the mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid-induced systemic inflammation, ameliorated burn-induced acute lung injury. Intervening mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid level could be a potential target to protect from burn-induced lung injury during aeromedical conditions and provide with safer air evacuations for severely burned patients.
Blood Lead Alters The Anemia Status of Malaria Infected Children in Katanga Kampala Uganda.
Authors: Mukisa Ambrose K , Kasozi Denis M , Aguttu Claire , Vuzi Peter C. , Kyambadde Joseph 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Uganda, like other malaria endemic countries, childhood anemia due to malaria infection, malnutrition and social disadvantages remains a health challenge. Other contributing factors towards the pathogenesis of this disease like blood lead have not been fully explored. Persistent lead exposure accounts for one’s blood lead levels and other many health outcomes. Recent studies report elevated environmental lead levels in urban Uganda with anthropogenic activities including leaded paints, leaded fuels spillages, lead-contaminated air, water and soils listed as major sources. Blood lead (BL) alters iron bioavailability by competitively blocking iron absorption hence anemia. BL inhibits key enzymes ferrochelatase and aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) involved in hemoglobin (Hb) biosynthesis resulting into elevated free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP). Children in this area are generally anemic due chronic exposure to malaria parasites that thrive on their red blood cells for survival. Concomitant exposure to both malaria infection and lead pollution, exerbates the anemia status of these children. This study therefore aimed at expounding the anemia status of these Ugandan children simultaneously living exposed to both malaria infection and environmental lead pollution. Methods: Briefly venous blood samples from 198 children were microscopically assayed for malaria parasite density, hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations by the cyanmethemoglobin method, BL levels by the standard atomic absorption spectrophotometric method and FEP levels by the standard fluorimetric method. Results: A total of 151/198 (76.3%) children were analyzed with moderate anemia (Hb <10>5 g/dL) while 8/198 (4%) had severe anemia (<5 g/dL). They had means of BL levels (9.3 µg/dL), Hb (7.5 g/dL), FEP/Hb (8.3 µg/g) and parasite density (PD) (3.21×103 parasites / µL). There was weak negative correlation between PD and Hb (r = -0.231, R2= 0.15 P-value < 0.001), as compared to that between FEP/Hb and Hb (r = -0.6, R2=0.572 P-value=0.001). Conclusion: Basing on this study’s findings, we conclude that BL is a significant contributor to anemia pathogenesis and therefore its co-existence with plasmodium malaria infection in the host exerbates the anemia status.Trial registration: Not applicable
COVID-19 Inmate Risk Appraisal (CIRA): Development and validation of a screening tool to assess COVID-19 vulnerability in prisons
Authors: Gonçalves Leonel C. , Baggio Stéphanie , Weber Michael , Gétaz Laurent , Wolff Hans , Singh Jay P. , Naegeli Andreas , Rossegger Astrid , Endrass Jérôme 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives. To develop and validate a screening tool designed to identify detained people at increased risk for COVID-19 mortality, the COVID-19 Inmate Risk Appraisal (CIRA). Design. Cross-sectional study with a representative sample (development) and a case-control sample (validation).Setting. The two largest Swiss prisons.Participants. (1) Development sample: all male persons detained in Pöschwies, Zurich (n=365); (2) Validation sample: case-control sample of male persons detained in Champ-Dollon, Geneva (n=192, matching 1:3 for participants at risk for severe course of COVID-19 and participants without risk factors).Main outcome measures. The CIRA combined seven risk factors identified by the World Health Organization and the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health as prognosis of severe COVID-19 to derive an absolute risk increase in mortality rate: Age ≥60, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic respiratory disease, immunodeficiency, and cancer. Results. Based on the development sample, we proposed a three-level classification: average (<3.7), elevated (3.7-5.7), and high (>5.7) risk. In the validation sample, the CIRA identified all individuals considered vulnerable by national recommendations (having at least one risk factor). The category “elevated risk” maximized sensitivity (1) and specificity (.97). The CIRA had even higher capacity in discriminating vulnerable individuals according to clinical evaluation (a four-level risk categorization based on a consensus of medical staff). The category “elevated risk” maximized sensitivity and specificity (both 1). When considering the individuals classified as extremely high risk by medical staff, the category “high risk” had a high discriminatory capacity (sensitivity=.89, specificity=.97). Conclusions. The CIRA scores have a high discriminative ability and will be important in custodial settings to support decisions and prioritize actions using a standardized valid assessment method. However, as knowledge on risk factors for COVID-19 mortality is still limited, the CIRA should be considered preliminary. Underlying data will be updated regularly on the website www.prison-research.com, where the CIRA algorithm is freely available.
Pesticide Use In Vegetable Production In Rural Uganda - A Case Study of Kabale District, South Western Uganda
Authors: Ngabirano Hannington , Birungi Grace 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A study to investigate commonly grown vegetables, commonly used pesticides, and pesticide use practices was conducted in Kabale District, in south-western Uganda. This is because indiscriminate pesticide use and poor application practices can leave pesticide residues in food rendering it unsafe for consumption. The study revealed extensive pesticide application in Brassica oleracea; var. capitata (cabbage), Brassica oleracea; var. botrytis (cauliflower), Solanum lycopersicum, (tomato) and Beta vulgaris (beet root). Information obtained using interviews revealed that 16.5% traders sell pesticides and 70% farmers spray pesticides on vegetables. Only 18% of farmers could interpret instructions correctly on a given pesticide container label. All farmers (100%) had never attended any pesticide use training. Cypermethrin, dimethoate, dichlorvos, metalaxyl, profenofos, malathion and mancozeb were common pesticides used in spraying vegetables however 42% of the farmers mixed different pesticides for use. Limited knowledge about pesticide application, inability to interpret instructions, non-observation of waiting period before harvesting, mixing pesticides and lack of training on pesticide use for farmers are potential risks to food safety. There is need to address knowledge gaps on safer pesticide application in order to attain safe agricultural productivity for sustainable food security, human health and community development in Kabale District, Uganda.
Morphology and Morphogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero-E6 cells
Authors: Vieira Debora Ferreira Barreto , Silva Marcos Alexandre Nunes da , Garcia Cristiana Couto , Miranda Milene Dias , Matos Aline Rocha , Caetano Braulia , Resende Paola Cristina , Mota Fernando , Siqueira Marilda Mendonça , Barth Ortrud Monika 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The coronaviruses (CoVs) called the attention of the world for causing outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV), in Asia in 2002-03, and respiratory disease in the Middle East (MERS-CoV), in 2012. In December 2019, yet again a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) first identified in Wuhan, China, was associated with a severe respiratory infection, known today as COVID-19. This new virus is highly transmissible, and quickly spread throughout China and 30 additional countries. As result, the World Health Organization (WHO) elevated the status of the COVID-19 outbreak from emergency of international concern to pandemic on March 11, 2020. The impact of COVID-19 on public health and economy fueled a worldwide race to approve therapeutic and prophylactic agents, but so far, there are no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines available. In current scenario, the development of in vitro systems for viral mass production and for testing antiviral and vaccine candidates proves to be an urgent matter. Research groups around the world are strongly focused on this, and the susceptibility of different cell lines to SARS-CoV-2 infection has already been demonstrated by molecular techniques. However, data on the biology of SARS-CoV-2 at the ultrastructural level in these in vitro models is still scarce. In this study, we documented, by transmission electron microscopy and real-time RT-PCR, the infection of Vero-E6 cells with SARS-CoV-2 samples isolated from Brazilian patients. The infected cells presented cytopathic effects and SARS-CoV-2 particles were observed attached to the cell surface and inside cytoplasmic vesicles. The entry of the virus into cells occurred through the endocytic pathway or by fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane. Assembled nucleocapsids were verified inside rough endoplasmic reticulum cisterns (RER). Viral maturation seemed to occur by budding of viral particles from the RER into smooth membrane vesicles. Therefore, the susceptibility of Vero-E6 cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the viral pathway inside the cells were demonstrated by ultrastructural analysis.