bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality disorders, violence and antisocial behaviour: updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis
Authors: Chow Rachel T.S. , Yu Rongqin , Geddes John R. , Fazel Seena 
Published: December 2024

Background
Links between personality disorders and antisocial outcomes has not examined individual personality disorders, and the contribution of comorbidities remain uncertain. Previous systematic reviews are dated.

Aims
To synthesise evidence from observational studies on the risk of antisocial outcomes and recidivism associated with personality disorders.

Method
We searched six bibliographic databases (up to March 2024) for observational studies examining the risk of antisocial behaviour, interpersonal violence and recidivism in individuals diagnosed with personality disorders, compared to controls. We explored sources of heterogeneity using subgroup analyses and meta-regression.

Results
We identified 21 studies involving 83 418 individuals with personality disorders from 10 countries examining antisocial and violent outcomes (Aim 1), and 39 studies of 14 131 individuals from 13 countries with recidivism (or repeat offending) as the outcome (Aim 2). We found increased risks of violence among individuals with any personality disorder (odds ratio 4.5, 95% CI 3.0–6.7), particularly antisocial personality disorder (odds ratio 7.6, 95% CI 5.1–11.5) and borderline personality disorder (odds ratio 2.6, 95% CI 1.8–3.9). Individuals with any personality disorder (odds ratio 2.3, 95% CI 2.0–2.6) and antisocial personality disorder (odds ratio 2.8, 95% CI 1.6–4.9) also demonstrated an elevated risk of recidivism. Personality disorder types and comorbid substance use disorder were associated with between-study heterogeneity.

Conclusions
The assessment and management of personality disorders should be considered as part of violence prevention strategies. Improving identification and treatment of comorbid substance misuse may reduce adverse outcomes in individuals with personality disorders.
Modeling Clinical Radioiodine Uptake By Using Organoids Derived From Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Liu Jiaye , Ni Yinyun , Yang Ying , Tian Tian , Zheng Xiaofeng , Li Zhihui , Huang Rui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAI-R DTC) accounts for the vast majority of thyroid-related mortality and, until recently, there were limited preclinical models for iodine uptake prediction. In the current study, we aim to establish a primary tumor-derived organoid model of DTC and predict radioiodine (RAI) uptake of tumor residue. The genotypic and phenotypic features between organoid and parental tissue were compared. The RAI uptake assay was used to evaluate the organoid's RAI uptake capacity, and related patients' RAI whole-body scans were used to verify the assay's predictive sensitivity. A total of 20 patient-derived DTC organoids have been established. Whole-exome sequencing and immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that organoids faithfully recapitulated main features of the original tumor tissue. RAI-avid organoids (n = 11) presented significantly higher RAI uptake than the RAI-refractory (RAI-R) group (n = 9; 384.4 ± 102.7 vs 54.2 ± 13.2 cpm/105 cells, P &lt; .0001). A threshold value in organoids of less than 250 cpm/105 cell was found to have a predictive sensitivity of 95.0% for distinguishing RAI-R from RAI-avid patients when paired to clinical information. Notably, we found that several tyrosine kinase inhibitors moderately re-sensitize iodine uptake by using organoids derived from 3 patients with different genetic mutation backgrounds. In conclusion, patient-derived DTC organoids recapitulated the main characteristics of their parental tissues and preserved ability to uptake radioiodine, showing potential in the development of novel drugs to boost iodine avidity.
The performance of equity funds-of-funds in Brazil
Authors: Rochman Ricardo , Eid Junior William 
Published: December 2024

This study aims to evaluate the performance of equity funds of funds (FOFs) in Brazil. First, panel regressions were used to identify the determinants of returns and value creation associated with FOFs. We then estimate the probability of FOFs outperforming mirror and master funds and their corresponding determinants. Finally, FOF indices are constructed and their performance is analyzed against the backdrop of the BOVA11 exchange-traded fund (ETF).
The results of this research indicate that the determinants of returns are aligned with the Fama-French ‒Carhart factors, all of which have positive coefficients. However, equity FOFs exhibit lower returns than other equity funds and destroy value relative to mirror and master funds. FOFs are associated with lower risks owing to diversification effects. In terms of probability, equity FOFs are not more likely to achieve superior returns than other funds. During the 2015 economic crisis in Brazil, FOFs were associated with higher probability. Finally, the FOF indices suggest profitable strategies that focus on factors such as size, growth, and liquidity.
Clinical results of autologous fat transfer for basal thumb arthritis with a minimum of three years’ follow-up
Authors: Haas-Lützenberger Elisabeth M. , Emelianova Iana , Bader Moritz C. , Mert Sinan , Moellhoff Nicholas , Demmer Wolfram , Berger Ursula , Giunta Riccardo 
Published: December 2024

AimsIn the treatment of basal thumb osteoarthritis (OA), intra-articular autologous fat transplantation has become of great interest within recent years as a minimally invasive and effective alternative to surgical intervention with regard to pain reduction. This study aims to assess its long-term effectiveness.MethodsPatients diagnosed with stage one to three OA received a single intra-articular autologous fat transplantation. Fat tissue was harvested from the abdomen and injected into the trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint under radiological guidance, followed by one week of immobilization. Patients with a minimum three-year post-procedure period were assessed for pain level (numerical rating scale), quality of life (Mental Health Quotient (MHQ)), the abbreviated version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH)), and grip and pinch strength, as well as their overall impression of the treatment. Wilcoxon tests compared data from pre-intervention, and at one and three years post-intervention.ResultsOut of 136 treated joints, the study involved 87 patients (37 patients were loss to follow-up, and 12 patients (9%) who underwent resection arthroplasty) with a median follow-up of 4.9 years (IQR 5.4 to 5.9). Pain, both at rest and during stress, significantly improved at one year and remained stable through three years. Sex, age, and stage of disease were not associated with postoperative pain levels. Patient-reported outcome measures for QuickDASH and MHQ improved up to at least three years post-treatment. Patients reported high satisfaction and willingness to recommend the procedure. Grip and pinch strength did not significantly change over time.ConclusionThe data show that autologous fat transfer has a longer-lasting effect in two-thirds of re-examined patients. If patients had an initial positive response, the pain-reducing effect lasted for at least three years. Therefore, this minimally invasive approach can offer a valuable treatment alternative for basal thumb OA.
The role of community-level men’s and women’s inequitable gender norms on women’s empowerment in India: A multilevel analysis using India’s National Family Health Survey–5
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Lakshmi , El Ayadi Alison , Diamond-Smith Nadia 
Published: December 2024

Background
Lower empowerment of women is a critical social issue with adverse public health implications. In India, deeply ingrained gender norms shape a patriarchal structure that creates systemic disadvantages for women relative to men. These gender norms—socially constructed expectations about the roles, behaviors, and attributes of men and women—perpetuate inequality and limit women’s opportunities.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the association between community-level men’s and women’s gender norms on women’s empowerment in India. Women’s empowerment was defined using four measures: freedom of movement, decision-making power, economic empowerment, and health empowerment.

Methods
Using a nationally representative demographic health survey data from 2019–21 of 63,112 married women who participated in the women’s empowerment module and 101,839 men surveyed, we constructed community-level men’s and women’s inequitable gender norms variables as our independent variable using attitudes towards wife-beating questions. We used random effects logistic regression models to examine if community-level men’s and women’s inequitable gender norms were independently associated with the different dimensions of women’s empowerment.

Results
One standard deviation increase in community-level men’s and women’s inequitable gender norms was associated with reduced odds of freedom of movement, decision-making power, and health empowerment. No statistically significant association was observed between community-level men’s and women’s gender norms and economic empowerment.

Conclusion
Inequitable gender norms are a risk factor that is negatively associated with several dimensions of women’s empowerment. Our findings support our hypotheses that women’s empowerment is impacted separately by men’s and women’s gender norms. Our study underscores the pressing need for concerted efforts to challenge and transform inequitable gender norms, paving the way for achieving gender equality and women’s empowerment, as envisioned by the Sustainable Development Goals.
Stunting and academic trajectory in urban settings of Burkina Faso
Authors: Gansaonré Rabi Joël , Moore Lynne , Kobiané Jean-François , Sié Aly , Haddad Slim 
Published: December 2024

Background
Impaired growth in childhood can lead to poor cognitive development and low school performance. However, literature on the effects of stunting on school trajectory is very limited. The primary objective of this research was to estimate the age at which children start school according to levels of height-for-age z-score (stunting). A second objective was to estimate the gain in terms of age at school entry associated with an improvement in height-for-age z-score. A third objective was to explore the relationship between stunting, grade repetition, and school dropout.

Methods
We used longitudinal data from the Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Data from a 2010 health survey of children under 5 years of age were merged with subsequent longitudinal schooling data. The study included 767 children globally who participated in the health and education surveys. Education data allowed us to apprehend academic trajectory measured by age at school entry, repetition, and dropout. The health survey gathered anthropometric information that was used to measure stunting. The adjusted age at school entry was estimated using a Poisson model. The gain represents the difference in adjusted age at school entry for different values of height-for-age. The relationship between stunting and grade repetition and dropout was studied using a discrete-time survival model.

Results
Results showed that children entered school on average at 5.7 years old, and the incidence of grade repetition and dropout was 17.7 and 6.6 per 100 persons-years, respectively. The adjusted age at school entry of severely stunted children was 6.2 years [95% confidence intervals (CI): 6.1; 6.3] compared to 5.1 years [95% CI: 5.0; 5.3] for children who had normal growth. The difference (gain) in adjusted age at school entry between severely and non-stunted children was thus 1.06 [95% CI: 0.87; 1.25] years. If a child’s growth changed from severe stunting to normal growth, their risk of repeating a grade decreased by 5.0 [95% CI: 0.0; 9.0] per 100 persons-years. We did not observe a relationship between height-for-age and dropout.

Conclusion
The results show that schooling is affected in several ways for children who are stunted. The age at school entry of stunted children is more likely to be delayed. Also, being stunted is associated with higher incidence of grade repetition. However, the relationship between stunting and dropout was inconclusive.
Supraglottic airway devices for blind endotracheal intubation: A systematic review
Authors: Tejada-Perdomo Jorman H. , Melo-Moreno Carlos E. , Tovar-Cardozo Jesús H. , Ramos-Castaneda Jorge A. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
The effectiveness of supraglottic airway devices (SGDs) as a strategy for blind endotracheal intubation (ETI) was compared in this study.

Methods
A systematic review of clinical trials (CTs) involving SGDs for blind ETI in patients under general anesthesia or simulation manikins, was conducted. CTs that used SGDs for fiberoptic-guided ETI and those conducted in children were excluded. Searches were performed in Embase, MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and LILACS. The primary outcomes examined were the success rate of blind ETI and intubation time. Secondary outcomes were first-attempt intubation success rate and perceived ease of use.

Results
A total of 567 records were identified from databases, and 16 were identified through citation searches. Ultimately, 27 CTs met the inclusion criteria. The Fastrach Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA Fastrach), i-gel, Air-Q Intubating Laryngeal Airway, and Supraglottic Airway Laryngopharyngeal Tube (S.A.L.T.) were the most used SGDs for blind ETI. LMA Fastrach was the most frequently compared device in these CTs. Among the studies in patients, LMA Fastrach and i-gel were the devices that showed the shortest intubation time, although it may be influenced by the way intubation time is assessed. The SGDs with the highest overall success rate were i-gel, S.A.L.T., LMA Fastrach, and single-use LMA Fastrach, followed by Air-Q, and the Intubating Laryngeal Tube Suction-Disposable (iLTS-D2), all achieving success rates greater than 90%. AuraGain had the lowest first-attempt and overall success rates for blind ETI with SGDs.

Conclusion
New SGDs have not surpassed the LMA Fastrach effectiveness for blind ETI. The single-use LMA Fastrach combines the efficacy of the reusable LMA Fastrach with the features of other SGDs and may be a suitable replacement for them. The I-gel is also a viable alternative for blind ETI, while the AuraGain may not be recommended for this purpose.
Los rituales escolares en el País Vasco del franquismo
Authors: Manterola Pavo Peio 
Published: December 2024

El propósito de este artículo es estudiar los rituales escolares de tres culturas educativas del País Vasco del franquismo a partir de los cuadernos del Museo de Educación de la UPV/EHU. Se destacan diferencias notables en los rituales de instrucción, revitalización, intensificación y resistencia entre la escuela nacional-católica ordinaria que se representan la etxe-eskola de Zipitria y Orereta Ikastola. No obstante, al estudiar los rituales donde el cuaderno ocupa el lugar de símbolo dominante, concluimos que la elaboración del cuaderno constituye un ritual en el que los demás rituales representados en él son símbolos articulados.
UHPLC-MS/MS standardized extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf inhibits CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 activities in hepatic cells of control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Sabbagh Bassel Al. , Palanirajan Vijayaraj Kumar , Chew Yik-Ling , Chin Jin Han , Ahmad Mariam , Akowuah Gabriel Akyirem 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives

Vernonia amygdalina Del. is a perennial tropical shrub from Asteraceae. The fresh leaf of V. amygdalina is consumed as a vegetable due to its medicinal and nutritional properties. The present study focused on the quantification of bioactive compounds, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, and 1,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid from aqueous leaf extract of V. amygdalina. The study also aims to investigate the effects of the aqueous leaf extract of V. amygdalina on cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9), and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in hepatic cells of control and diabetic rats.

Methods
The quantification of the bioactive compounds was conducted using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography multiple reactions monitoring tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS-MRM) technique. The effect of the extract on CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 activities was determined using a fluorometric screening kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Results
The three bioactive compounds were detected and quantified in the aqueous leaf extract. Results showed that the content of luteolin-7-O-glucuronide (47 μg/mg) was the highest followed by luteolin-7-O-glucoside (3.5 μg/mg) and 1,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (1.07 μg/mg). The extract showed an inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 enzyme activities in control and diabetic rats.

Conclusions
The UHPLC-MS/MS-MRM method is sensitive and reliable for the quality control of V. amygdalina leaf extract. The inhibitory effect of the extract suggests that concomitant use of V. amygdalina leaf preparations with conventional drugs metabolized and eliminated from the body by CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 enzymes may lead to possible interaction.
Medical language matters: impact of clinical summary composition on a generative artificial intelligence’s diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Skittle Cassandra , Bonifacino Eliana , McQuade Casey N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Evaluate the impact of problem representation (PR) characteristics on Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) diagnostic accuracy.

Methods
Internal medicine attendings and residents from two academic medical centers were given a clinical vignette and instructed to write a PR. Deductive content analysis described the characteristics comprising each PR. Individual PRs were input into ChatGPT-4 (OpenAI, September 2023) which was prompted to generate a ranked three-item differential. The ranked differential and the top-ranked diagnosis were scored on a 3-part scale, ranging from incorrect, partially correct, to correct. Logistic regression evaluated individual PR characteristic’s impact on ChatGPT accuracy.

Results
For a three-item differential, accuracy was associated with including fewer comorbidities (OR 0.57, p=0.010), fewer past historical items (OR 0.60, p=0.019), and more physical examination items (OR 1.66, p=0.015). For ChatGPT’s ability to rank the true diagnosis as the single-best diagnosis, utilizing temporal semantic qualifiers, more semantic qualifiers overall, and adhering to a typical 3-part PR format all correlated with diagnostic accuracy: OR 3.447, p=0.046; OR 1.300, p=0.005; OR 3.577, p=0.020, respectively.

Conclusions
Several distinct PR factors improved ChatGPT diagnostic accuracy. These factors have previously been associated with expertise in creating PR. Future studies should explore how clinical input qualities affect GAI diagnostic accuracy prospectively.
Variazioni sul tema. Il cinismo antico e lo stile di vita: tra imitazione e interpretazione
Authors: Mecci Stefano 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Can everyone be wise? Is wisdom open to all or an exception reserved for a few, or perhaps for none? In this context, what is the role of the ‘example’ and the ‘imitation’? Aim of my paper is to reflect on these questions in reference to Ancient Cynicism. Specifically, my goal is to analyze whether the Cynic wisdom and, consequently, life (bios) – characterized by a complete opposition to that of the common man – was intended for everyone or only for exceptional individuals, for specific types of people. In examining this aspect, I will focus particularly on the example represented by the life of the first Cynic, Diogenes of Sinope. I will show how it has been differently interpreted and understood throughout the long history of Cynicism. My attention will be primarily on Onesicritus of Astypalaea, who, contrary to certain modern simplifications and negations, represents a very interesting case in the history of Cynicism. He was a Cynic who did not live cynically. Therefore, more generally, I will demonstrate how differently Cynic philosophy could not only be followed but also reinterpreted: another sign of the theoretical fertility of this philosophical movement.
Aristotle on Platonic Efficient Causes. A Rehabilitation
Authors: Marinescu Rareș Ilie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper I show that Aristotle’s widely criticised exclusion of Platonic efficient causes at Metaph. A 6.988a7–17 is defensible as an interpretation of Plato, and that alternative accounts are unpersuasive. I argue that Aristotle is only interested in – what he supposes to be – Plato’s first principles and that the usual candidates that are brought forward in scholarship as possible first principles and efficient causes (e.g. from the Timaeus and the Philebus) all fall short in crucial respects according to Aristotle. This reading has the dual benefit of illuminating Aristotle’s strategy in book A and of letting him appear as a more trustworthy doxographer of his predecessors’ views.
Geological characteristics of the Daduhe gold belt, western Sichuan, China: Implications for exploration
Authors: Zhang Yize , Chen Zailin , Zhang Chengjiang , Ni Shijun , Cheng Xianfeng , Kexin Liu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Geological characteristics, genetic model, and exploration implications in the Daduhe gold belt are studied. Three categories of gold deposits have been distinguished: “gold deposits in the basement (GDB),” “gold deposits in the cover layer (GDC),” and “gold deposits at the interface (GDI).” Among them, quartz vein type and quartz vein altered rock type are the main types of mineral deposits. The following features have been obtained: (1) inclusions of gold particles exist in pyrite, pyrrhotite, quartz, sellaite, and other sulfides; in fractures; or along cracks and grain margins. (2) The distribution curve of rare earth elements in pyrite and quartz indicates strong mineralization intensity in the GDB, (La/Sm)N fractionation characteristics, suggesting that pyrite may be more influenced by crustal materials and quartz by mantle materials. (3) The H–O and He–Ar isotopes manifested the ore-forming fluids derived from the mixing between crust and mantle. (4) The ranges of δ
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S values of pyrite (−5.0 to 7.6‰) are consistent with those of metasomatized mantle lithosphere. (5) The homogenization temperatures and salinity of all quartz inclusions are concentrated from 150 to 210°C and 2.1–8.7 wt%, indicating a medium-low-temperature, low-salinity hydrothermal fluid. (6) The Daduhe orogenic gold deposits can be defined as epizonal subtypes. (7) The Daduhe gold deposits are medium-low temperature, low-salinity, and epizonal orogenic gold deposits, and fluid comes from a mixture of crust and mantle. In the future, efforts should be made to increase the exploration of deep gold deposits.