bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Universal demand laws and the monitoring demand for accounting conservatism
Authors: Chen Feng , Li Qingyuan , Xu Li 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile prior research holds the consensus that accounting conservatism can serve as an effective monitoring device, it is not clear whether shareholders can successfully enforce managers’ adherence to accounting conservatism when directors fail to fulfill their fiduciary duties. We attempt to answer the question by exploiting staggered enactments of the universal demand (UD) laws in 23 US states. UD laws raise procedural hurdles for shareholders to file derivative lawsuits against managers and directors who allegedly breach their fiduciary duties. For firms incorporated in states that adopt UD laws, restrictions on shareholder litigation rights weaken directors’ incentives to monitor managers. We predict and find a decrease in conditional conservatism following the enactment of UD laws. The decline in conditional conservatism exists only for firms with low institutional ownership, low external equity dependence, or high ex‐ante derivative lawsuit risk. The main result is attributable to both the direct channel (through restriction of shareholder litigation rights) and the indirect channel (through the deployment of management‐friendly governance provisions). Our findings suggest that shareholders cannot successfully demand accounting conservatism when directors lack the incentives to monitor managers.
Applying an association weight matrix in weighted genomic prediction of boar taint compounds
Authors: Botelho Margareth E. , Lopes Marcos S. , Mathur Pramod K. , Knol Egbert F. , Guimarães Simone E. F. , Marques Daniele B. D. , Lopes Paulo S. , Silva Fabyano F. , Veroneze Renata 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBiological information regarding markers and gene association may be used to attribute different weights for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in genome‐wide selection. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the predictive ability and the bias of genomic prediction using models that allow SNP weighting in the genomic relationship matrix (G) building, with and without incorporating biological information to obtain the weights. Firstly, we performed a genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) in data set containing single‐ (SL) or a multi‐line (ML) pig population for androstenone, skatole and indole levels. Secondly, 1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 30% and 50% of the markers explaining the highest proportions of the genetic variance for each trait were selected to build gene networks through the association weight matrix (AWM) approach. The number of edges in the network was computed and used to derive weights for G (AWM‐WssGBLUP). The single‐step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) and weighted ssGBLUP (WssGBLUP) were used as standard scenarios. All scenarios presented predictive abilities different from zero; however, the great overlap in their confidences interval suggests no differences among scenarios. Most of scenarios of based on AWM provide overestimations for skatole in both SL and ML populations. On the other hand, the skatole and indole prediction were no biased in the ssGBLUP (S1) in both SL and ML populations. Most of scenarios based on AWM provide no biased predictions for indole in both SL and ML populations. In summary, using biological information through AWM matrix and gene networks to derive weights for genomic prediction resulted in no increase in predictive ability for boar taint compounds. In addition, this approach increased the number of analyses steps. Thus, we can conclude that ssGBLUP is most appropriate for the analysis of boar taint compounds in comparison with the weighted strategies used in the present work.
Children and parents with psychosis—Balancing between relational attunement and protection from parental illness
Authors: Boström Petra Kristin , Strand Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have explored the experiences of young children and their parents with psychosis. The aim of the present study was to explore parent and child mental health and the parent–child relationship from the perspectives of children and their parents with psychosis.MethodsThe present study had a multiperspectival qualitative design. Seven children (aged 8–15 years) and their six parents with psychosis were interviewed individually. Data were analyzed according to interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsChildren were found to have a limited understanding of the parent's illness. While both parents and children described the illness as part of ordinary life and focused on improvements, there was incoherence both within and between interviews. Parent–child relationships appeared to be nonhierarchical and to vary in terms of attunement and distance, which in turn seemed to be associated with the child's well‐being.ConclusionThe findings contribute multiperspectival insights into lived experiences of young children and parents with psychosis. Nurses are in a key position to recognize the children's needs for continuous adult support and to promote communication about the illness.
Intergenerational impacts of trauma and hardship through parenting
Authors: Jensen Sarah K. G. , Sezibera Vincent , Murray Shauna M. , Brennan Robert T. , Betancourt Theresa S. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundMillions of people worldwide experience severe trauma in their lifetime. Trauma has immediate and long‐term effects on emotional wellbeing. Moreover, the experiences of one generation may influence subsequent generations via social and biological pathways. Poor mental health and emotion dysregulation associated with trauma may affect parenting behaviours, which may have long‐lasting effects on children's development.MethodsWe use longitudinal data from a unique sample of 732 caregivers of children aged 6–36 months living in extremely poor rural households in Rwanda to examine associations of caregiver lifetime trauma, recent daily hardships, mental health, and emotion dysregulation with parenting behaviours reflecting parental acceptance and rejection of their offspring.ResultsCumulative trauma exposure (β = .234, p < .001) and recent daily hardships (β = .323, p < .001) are associated with higher levels of internalising symptoms. Trauma (β = .257, p < .001) and daily hardships (β = .323, p < 0.001) are also associated with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Internalising symptoms predict more rejection (β = .177, p = .001), but show no association with acceptance. Caregiver PTSD symptoms predict more rejection (β = .277, p < .001) and less acceptance (β = −.190, p = .003). Both internalising symptoms (β = .557, p < .001) and PTSD symptoms (β = .606, p < .001) are strongly associated with poor emotion regulation. Indirect effects suggest that caregiver trauma and hardships affect parenting indirectly via elevated caregiver internalising symptoms and PTSD and that some of these effects are accounted for by emotion dysregulation.ConclusionsCaregiver internalising and PTSD symptoms are important mechanisms through which caregiver trauma and hardship affect parenting behaviours. Emotion dysregulation is a shared mechanism linking caregivers’ mental health problems with parenting behaviours that reflect acceptance and rejection of the child. Emotion regulation is indicated as a key target for prevention of adverse effects of caregiver trauma on mental health and child wellbeing.
The effect of empathy training given to midwives on the empathic communication skills of midwives and the birth satisfaction of mothers giving birth with the help of these midwives: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Aktas Songul , Pasinlioğlu Türkan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesEmpathic attitudes and behaviours of midwives directly affect obstetric outcomes. The study aims to examine the effect of empathy training on the empathic communication skills of midwives and the childbirth satisfaction of primiparous mothers.MethodsThis quasi‐experimental study has two sample groups including midwives working in the delivery unit (n = 15) and mothers giving birth with the help of these midwives (n = 134). Empathy training was given to the midwives through a 32‐hour program involving didactic narrative, creative drama, and psychodrama techniques. A “Descriptive Information Form,” and the “Empathic Communication Skills” and “Empathic Tendencies” scales were used to collect data from the midwives, and another “Descriptive Information Form” and the “Scale for Measuring Maternal Satisfaction in Normal Birth” were used for the maternal data.ResultsEmpathic communication skills and empathic tendencies of the midwives were found to be higher right after and 8 weeks after the training than before the training (P = .001, P = .040, respectively). The total score and sub‐dimensions of the maternal satisfaction scale (ie, midwifery care, respect for privacy, meeting expectations, postpartum care) were found to be higher in mothers giving birth after the midwives' empathy training than those giving birth before (P < .001). A higher level of maternal birth satisfaction was seen in mothers giving birth right after the training (94%) than those giving birth before training (3%).ConclusionThe empathy training improved both the empathy skills of midwives, and translated to improved maternal satisfaction with birth among their mothers. It is recommended to increase the number of follow‐ups to evaluate the long‐term effect of empathy training.
Potential utilization of guar straw and wood wool in controlling relative humidity and temperature of storage environment
Authors: Ghodki Bhupendra M , Srihari Gunnam , Dukare Ajinath Shridhar , Kannaujia Pankaj Kumar , Kalnar Yogesh B. , Vishwakarma Rajesh Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, guar straw and wood wool were used for the development of a relative humidity (RH) and temperature control system based on the storage requirement of onions in a semi‐arid region. The RH and temperature control system includes two major units: (a) dehumidification—three compartments of guar straw balls/guar balls and (b) humidification—water‐saturated wood wool pad (evaporative cooling). Guar balls of ~25 mm diameter were made by mixing 40% straw powder, 59.5% water, and 0.5% guar gum (wt/wt). The balls were dried until 5.6% moisture level before using in dehumidification unit and analyzed for thermal properties. The RH and temperature control system was evaluated for its ability to maintain the requisite RH inside the onion storage structure. The dehumidification unit can reduce the RH by 4.9% and the humidification unit can increase the RH by 4.2% in the storage chamber. Further, the humidification unit has a cooling efficiency of 83.3%. The control system was efficient in maintaining the necessary storage RH in a range of 60–70% with a variation of 1.5%, and 22–37°C storage temperature. Therefore, the storability of the onions in the conditioned environment was close to five months compared to three and a half months in control/ambient condition. Overall, the novel guar straw balls showed the desiccant properties that can be used with water‐saturated wood wool for controlling RH and temperature of a storage environment.Practical ApplicationsAgricultural waste generally remains unutilized that create disposal and environmental challenges. Hence, the task of agricultural waste management is paramount. For farm and industrial applications, the development of low‐cost desiccants and systems for controlling conditioned atmosphere using agricultural waste is interesting. In the present study, a relative humidity (RH) and temperature control system was developed using guar straw and wood wool. The control system is proved to be efficient in maintaining the storage requirement of onions; thus, extended the storage life significantly. This environmental‐friendly system can be used, in storage, preservation and drying of food products.
Treatment‐based risk stratification of infections in inflammatory bowel disease: A comparison between anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α and nonbiological exposure in real‐world setting
Authors: Imperatore Nicola , Foggia Maria , Patturelli Marta , Rispo Antonio , Calabrese Giulio , Testa Anna , Pellegrini Lucienne , Tosone Grazia , Di Luna Imma , Nardone Olga Maria , Ricciolino Simona , Castiglione Fabiana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimInfective issues about anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α agents in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain controversial, especially when compared with nonbiological treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of several infections in anti‐TNF‐α‐exposed patients compared with nonbiological treatments.MethodsAll naïve IBD subjects treated with anti‐TNF‐α and matched nonbiologic‐exposed patients were included.ResultsAmong 3453 patients in the database, 288 anti‐TNF‐α‐exposed subjects and 288 nonbiologic‐exposed IBD controls met inclusion criteria. Fifty‐eight infections (20.1%) occurred during anti‐TNF‐α treatment versus 23 (8%) in the matched group (odds ratio [OR] 2.9, P < 0.001) (incidence 5.72 vs 0.96/100 patient‐years, incidence ratio [IR] 6, P < 0.001). IR was higher for anti‐TNF‐α versus mesalamine/sulfasalazine (IR 40.8, P < 0.001), similar to azathioprine/6‐mercaptopurine/methotrexate (IR 0.78, P = 0.32) and lower than corticosteroids (IR 0.05, P < 0.001). The incidence rate of serious infections was 1.3 in the anti‐TNF‐α‐exposed versus 0.38/100 patient‐years in nonexposed subjects (IR 3.44, P = 0.002), without significant difference between anti‐TNF‐α and azathioprine/6‐mercaptopurine/methotrexate (1.3 vs 3.03/100 patient‐years, IR 0.43, P = 0.1). Predictors of infections in anti‐TNF‐α‐exposed patients were concomitant use of systemic steroids (OR 1.9, P = 0.02) or azathioprine (OR 2.6, P = 0.01) and a body mass index < 18.5 at time of infection (OR 2.2, P = 0.01).ConclusionsThe risk of developing infections during anti‐TNF‐α therapy remains high, although not dissimilar to that found for other immunosuppressants, while concomitant immunosuppression and malnutrition appear the most important causes of infection.
Technique to Maintain the Correct Spatial Orientation of the Maxillary Diagnostic Cast to that of the Master Cast in a Full‐Mouth Rehabilitation Case
Authors: Seong WookJin , Polack Mariano A. , Delima Luis F. , Lee James 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA common challenge in full‐mouth rehabilitation is preserving the correct spatial orientation of the maxillary diagnostic, diagnostic wax‐up and master casts within the dental articulator. Any malposition of the maxillary master cast will immediately invalidate the articulator settings that were programmed from the pantographic or axiographic tracing. This will subsequently affect the occlusal morphology of the restorations. The technique presented in this article helps to precisely relocate the maxillary master cast to the same spatial orientation as both the initial diagnostic, and diagnostic wax‐up casts.
Audience and Presenter Comparison of Live Web‐Based Lectures and Traditional Classroom Lectures During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Sadid‐Zadeh Ramtin , Wee Alvin , Li Rui , Somogyi‐Ganss Eszter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study was to assess participants’ and presenters’ perceptions of a live web‐based lecture series in comparison to traditional in‐person lectures.Materials and MethodsA virtual lecture series was organized by the——‐from March 25th until June 3rd of 2020. Twenty‐five postgraduate prosthodontics programs and 81 presenters participated. Two surveys were developed and distributed to the audience (N = 330) and the presenters (N = 81). Follow‐up emails were sent one week, three weeks, and four weeks after the initial email survey to encourage its completion. The data were analyzed descriptively. One‐way ANOVA (p = 0.05), followed by a post hoc test, were used to compare the response percentages among the different generations of presenters and participants.ResultsFifty‐two percent of participants, and 65% of presenters, completed the survey. More than 96% of participants and presenters were satisfied with the lecture series. Seventy‐nine percent of audience members felt that the live web‐based lectures were as effective as traditional classroom lectures, or more effective; 32% of presenters agreed. Millennial audience members had significantly (p = 0.0028) more negative responses than the other generations.ConclusionParticipants have more positive perceptions of web‐based lectures than presenters.
Using electronic dental records to establish a surveillance system for dental decay in rural Western Alaska
Authors: Thomas Timothy K , Lenaker Dane , Day Gretchen M , Wilson Jennifer C , Holck Peter , Newman Jonathan , Bruden Dana , Hennessy Thomas W 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesPrevious surveys have demonstrated high rates of early childhood caries (ECC) in the Alaska Native (AN) population of western Alaska. There are many challenges to providing dental care in this road‐less Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta region. The regional Tribal Health Organization implemented an electronic dental record (EDR) system in the late 1990s. We explored use of the EDR to establish an oral health surveillance system in children.MethodsWe contracted with EDR software developers to implement calculation of a summary count of decayed (d), missing (m) or filled (f) primary (dmft) score for each individual. We calculated the yearly average dmft scores for 2011–2019 for children aged 3 and 5 years with a comprehensive exam in a given year. We also assessed the number of children undergoing full mouth dental rehabilitation (FMDR). We used US census data population estimates for these age groups to calculate rates.ResultsOver the 9‐year period, 2,427 3‐year‐old children (47 percent of all 3‐year olds over this period), received a comprehensive exam; increasing from 24 percent in 2011 to 62 percent in 2019. Their average dmft score over the 9‐years was 6.4 with a significant annual decline over this period. Seventy percent of AN children who turned 6 between 2015 and 2019 had received at least one FMDR.ConclusionsAn oral health surveillance system has been established in western Alaska using the Electronic Dental Record. High rates of ECC and FMDR were observed. This surveillance system will allow assessments of ECC prevalence and impact of dental interventions.
The association between plasma metabolites and sleep quality in the Southall and Brent Revisited (SABRE) Study: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Topriceanu Constantin‐Cristian , Tillin Therese , Chaturvedi Nishi , Joshi Roshni , Garfield Victoria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe examined the association between plasma metabolites and abnormal sleep patterns using data from the Southall and Brent REvisited (SABRE) cohort. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy provided 146 circulating plasma metabolites. Sleep questionnaires identified the presence or absence of: difficulty falling asleep, early morning waking, waking up tired, and snoring. Metabolites were compared between the sleep quality categories using the t test, and then filtered using a false discovery rate of 0.05. Generalised linear models with logit‐link assessed the associations between filtered metabolites and sleep phenotypes. Adjustment was made for important demographic and health‐related covariates. In all, 2,718 participants were included in the analysis. After correcting for multiple testing, three metabolites remained for difficulty falling asleep, 59 for snoring, and none for early morning waking and waking up tired. After adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity and years of education, 1 standard deviation increase in serum histidine and valine associated with lower odds of difficulty falling asleep by 0.89–0.90 (95% confidence intervals [CIs] 0.80–0.99). Branched‐chain and aromatic amino acids (odds ratios [ORs] 1.19–1.25, 95% CIs 1.09–1.36) were positively associated with snoring. Total cholesterol in low‐density lipoprotein (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83–0.97) and high‐density lipoprotein (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81–0.95) associated with lower odds of snoring. In the fully adjusted model, most associations persisted. To conclude, histidine and valine associated with lower odds of difficulty falling asleep, while docosahexaenoic acid and cholesterol in low‐density lipoprotein and high‐density lipoprotein subfractions associated with lower odds of snoring. Identified metabolites could provide guidance on the metabolic pathways associated with adverse sleep quality.
Religious Geography and County‐Level Sex Ratios in China
Authors: Tong Yunping , Sennott Christie , Yang Fenggang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe sex ratio at birth in China is highly imbalanced in favor of boys. Past research on sex ratios in China emphasizes economic factors for their weakening effect on the Confucian tradition of son preference. Research in the sociology of religion suggests that religious geography may affect sex ratios through the spill‐over of religious teachings to those living in areas dominated by a religious tradition. To assess this linkage, we investigate the relationship between religious geography and county‐level child sex ratios using the 2000 China Population Census and the 2004 China Economic Census, the most complete and recent data available on religious presence in China. Applying spatial analyses of 2,685 counties (over 90% of all counties), we find that counties with a greater presence of Daoist temples have more imbalanced (male‐biased) sex ratios, whereas a greater presence of Buddhist temples and Islamic mosques is associated with less imbalanced sex ratios.
Association of magnetic resonance assessed disc degeneration and late clinical recurrence in dogs treated surgically for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusions
Authors: Longo Sara , Gomes Sergio A. , Briola Chiara , Duffy Katherine , Targett Mike , Jeffery Nick D. , Freeman Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundRadiographic signs of intervertebral disc mineralization are thought to indicate sites of future recurrence of disc extrusion (Hansen type I) but the relationship between evidence of disc degeneration on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and future disc extrusion with recurrence of clinical signs has not been examined.ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between MRI‐assessed degeneration of thoracolumbar intervertebral discs and late recurrence of clinical signs in dogs presented with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion and treated by hemilaminectomy alone.AnimalsNinety‐two client‐owned dogs presented to 2 referral hospitals between 2009 and 2014.MethodsRetrospective analysis of association between clinical signs consistent with recurrent thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion and MRI evidence of disc degeneration in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy for acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to explore associations between recurrence of clinical signs and several characteristics of T10‐L3 discs at initial diagnosis.ResultsNinety‐two cases were included, of which 42 (46%) were Dachshunds and median age was 5.3 years. Clinical signs recurred in 33/92 (36%) dogs. Finding a completely degenerate disc in the T10 to L3 region (in addition to the operated site) at the time of surgery was associated with a hazard ratio of 2.92 (95% confidence interval: 1.37‐6.20) for recurrence of clinical signs.Conclusions and clinical importanceOur results suggest that in cases of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion in dogs, recurrence of signs is likely if at least 1 completely degenerate disc in addition to the currently symptomatic disc is visible on MRI.