bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A charge‐separation‐type ionic solid composed of hexanuclear complexes with a macrocyclic tetragold(I) metalloligand
Authors: Pratikha Rycce S. , Inoue Takahiro , Arai Yuka , Kojima Tatsuhiro , Yoshinari Nobuto , Konno Takumi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe reaction of Na[CoIII(d‐ebp)] (d‐H4ebp = N,N′‐ethylenebis[d‐penicillamine]) with [(AuICl)2(dppe)] (dppe = 1,2‐bis[diphenylphosphino]ethane) gave a cationic AuI4CoIII2 hexanuclear complex, [CoIII2(LAu4)]2+ ([1]2+), where [LAu4]4− is a cyclic tetragold(I) metalloligand with a 32‐membered ring, [AuI4(dppe)2(d‐ebp)2]4−. Complex [1]2+ crystallized with NO3− to produce a charge‐separation (CS)‐type ionic solid of [1](NO3)2. In [1](NO3)2, the complex cations are assembled to form cationic supramolecular hexamers of {[1]2+}6, which are closely packed in a face‐centered cubic (fcc) lattice structure. The nitrate anions of [1](NO3)2 were accommodated in hydrophilic and hydrophobic tetrahedral interstices of the fcc structure to form tetrameric and hexameric nitrate clusters of {NO3−}4 and {NO3−}6, respectively. An analogous CS‐type ionic solid formulated as [NiIICoIII(LAu4)](NO3) ([2](NO3)) was obtained when a 1:1 mixture of Na[CoIII(d‐ebp)] and [NiII(d‐H2ebp)] was reacted with [(AuICl)2(dppe)], accompanied by the conversion of the diamagnetic, square‐planar [NiII(d‐H2ebp)] to the paramagnetic, octahedral [NiII(d‐ebp)]2−. While the overall fcc structure in [2](NO3) was similar to that of [1](NO3)2, none of the nitrate anions were accommodated in any hydrophobic tetrahedral interstice, reflecting the difference in the complex charges between [1]2+ and [2]+.
Cognitive risk, coping‐oriented substance use, and increased avoidance tendencies among depressed outpatients: A prospective investigation
Authors: Heggeness Luke F. , Bean Christian A. L. , Kalmbach David A. , Ciesla Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe present study was designed to assess the interplay between depressive cognition, coping‐oriented substance use, and future behavioral disengagement tendencies. Cognitive risk subtypes examined include brooding rumination, attributional bias (internal/stable/global), and dysfunctional attitudes.MethodIndividuals were recruited from outpatient treatment settings and met criteria for a unipolar depressive disorder (N = 70; 66% female; 81% White; Mage = 31; SDage = 13.2). Participants completed self‐report measures of brooding rumination, attributional style, dysfunctional attitudes, coping‐oriented substance use, and behavioral disengagement tendencies following a 3‐week period.ResultsBrooding rumination, stable attributional style, and dysfunctional attitudes were positively associated with later behavioral disengagement tendencies. Coping‐oriented substance use moderated associations between both internal attributional style, as well as dysfunctional attitudes onto later behavioral disengagement.ConclusionsWith regard to stress‐related avoidance, subsyndromal substance use may play a detrimental role among cognitively vulnerable, depressed outpatients when said drug or alcohol use serves as a means of coping.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Vemurafenib in Children With Recurrent/Refractory BRAF Gene V600E‐Mutant Astrocytomas
Authors: Wang Hechuan , Long‐Boyle Janel , Winger Beth Apsel , Nicolaides Theodore , Mueller Sabine , Prados Michael , Ivaturi Vijay 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVemurafenib (Zelboraf) is an orally available BRAFV600E inhibitor approved for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic BRAFV600E‐mutant melanoma. The primary objective of this work was to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of vemurafenib in pediatric patients with recurrent/refractory astrocytomas harboring the BRAFV600E mutation. The study was also designed to evaluate the feasibility of replacing whole vemurafenib tablets with crushed tablets in young children unable to swallow tablets. Twenty‐five pediatric patients (median age, 8.8 years; range, 3.3‐19.2) with recurrent/refractory BRAFV600E‐mutant astrocytomas received whole (n = 19) or crushed (n = 6) vemurafenib tablets twice daily. Plasma samples were collected on days 1, 15, and 22 in cycle 1 of vemurafenib treatment. Descriptive PK analyses demonstrated significant variability (approximately 6‐fold) in drug exposure. A 1‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination was developed by adjusting the vemurafenib PK model previously validated in adults with mutant BRAFV600E melanoma. After inclusion of allometric scaling on total body weight, the model adequately described the PK of vemurafenib in children between a wide age range of 3 to 19 years old. In the crushed‐tablet cohort, relative bioavailability was approximately 96% (95% confidence interval, 49%‐142%) compared to that seen in pediatric patients receiving whole tablets based on the preliminary comparison analysis results. Moderate intrapatient variability (48%) of vemurafenib clearance was observed. There was significant correlation (R2 = 0.83) between area under the plasma concentration–time curve and trough concentration at steady state. These results will help increase the number of pediatric patients for whom vemurafenib is accessible and facilitate improved dosing in pediatric patients with recurrent/refractory BRAFV600E astrocytomas.
The effects of gastrointestinal symptoms on structural grey matter volume in youth
Authors: Pirwani Atiqa F. , Fang Zhuo , Li Bo , Smith Andra , Northoff Georg , Ismail Nafissa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrevious neuroimaging studies have examined the association between changes in brain structure and gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), seen in disorders such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Irritable Bowel Disease. Studies in adults have found changes in white and grey matter volume (GMV) in patients with various gastrointestinal disorders. However, it is unclear whether GIS‐related structural changes in the brain are limited to adults or could be present throughout the lifespan. Given that gastrointestinal disorders are typically diagnosed between 4 and 18 years old, we investigated GIS‐induced morphological changes in pre‐adolescents (8–10), adolescents (12–16 years) and young adults (17–21 years). Using a voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) analysis, we compared regional grey matter volume (GMV) between participants with GIS and controls, using structural brain images from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) database. A total of 211 participants (107 participants with GISs and 104 control participants) who had undergone structural magnetic resonance imaging were analysed. VBM analysis was used to objectively analyse GMV across the whole brain and compare between participants with GIS and controls. Participants experiencing GIS showed smaller GMV in regions within the limbic system/basal ganglia (bilateral caudate, bilateral ventral hippocampus, bilateral amygdala and bilateral superior orbital frontal cortex), and larger GMV in regions within the pain‐matrix (thalamus, bilateral putamen, right mid‐frontal gyrus) compared to controls. These differences were most prominent in the adolescent and young adult groups compared to pre‐adolescents. In conclusion, the structural differences found in participants with GIS support the need for further research into the neurophysiological impact of these symptoms.
Predictive value of gadoxetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for posthepatectomy liver failure after a major hepatectomy
Authors: Orimo Tatsuya , Kamiyama Toshiya , Kamachi Hirofumi , Shimada Shingo , Nagatsu Akihisa , Asahi Yoh , Sakamoto Yuzuru , Abo Daisuke , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed the usefulness of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for the prediction of posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) after a major hepatectomy.MethodsWe reviewed 140 cases involving a hepatectomy of two or more sections between 2010 and 2016 (study cohort). We used the standardized remnant hepatocellular uptake index (SrHUI) which was calculated by: SrHUI = future remnant liver volume × [(signal intensity of remnant liver on hepatobiliary phase images/signal intensity of spleen on hepatobiliary phase images) − 1]/body surface area. Validation of the SrHUI was performed in another cohort of 52 major hepatectomy cases between 2017 and 2018 (validation cohort).ResultsThe SrHUI of patients with PHLF was significantly lower than that of non‐PHLF cases. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and the Youden index revealed that the SrHUI cutoff value for the prediction of PHLF and PHLF grade ≥ B were 0.313 L/m2 and 0.257 L/m2, respectively. In the validation cohort, the cutoff value of SrHUI for the prediction of PHLF or PHLF grade ≥ B had a sensitivity of 75.0% or 88.8%, and specificity of 78.1% or 91.6%, respectively.ConclusionsThe SrHUI value is a predictor for PHLF after a major hepatectomy.
The functional role of surface molecules on extracellular vesicles in cancer, autoimmune diseases, and coagulopathy
Authors: Lam Katy C K , Lam Moses K N , Chim C S , Chan Godfrey C F , Li James C B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles that have emerged as mediators for intercellular communication in physiologic and pathologic conditions. EVs carry signaling information on their bilipid membrane as well as cargo within, allowing them to perform a wide range of biologic processes and contribute to pathophysiologic roles in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases and coagulopathy. This review will specifically address the function of surface molecules on EVs under normal and diseased conditions, as well as their potential to emerge as therapeutic targets in clinical settings, and the importance of further research on the surface topography of EVs.
Roles of IL-2 in bridging adaptive and innate immunity, and as a tool for cellular immunotherapy
Authors: Bendickova Kamila , Fric Jan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
IL-2 was initially characterized as a T cell growth factor in the 1970s, and has been studied intensively ever since. Decades of research have revealed multiple and diverse roles for this potent cytokine, indicating a unique linking role between adaptive and innate arms of the immune system. Here, we review the literature showing that IL-2 is expressed in a plethora of cell types across the immune system, where it has indispensable functions in orchestrating cellular interactions and shaping the nature and magnitude of immune responses. Emerging from the basic research that has revealed the molecular mechanisms and the complexity of the biologic actions of IL-2, several immunotherapeutic approaches have now focused on manipulating the levels of this cytokine in patients. These strategies range from inhibition of IL-2 to achieve immunosuppression, to the application of IL-2 as a vaccine adjuvant and in cancer therapies. This review will systematically summarize the major findings in the field and identify key areas requiring further research in order to realize the potential of IL-2 in the treatment of human diseases.
Effect of Exposure to Gadodiamide and Brain Irradiation on T1‐Weighted Images and ADC Maps of the Dentate Nucleus
Authors: Mallio Carlo A. , Parillo Marco , Zobel Bruno Beomonte , Parizel Paul M. , Quattrocchi Carlo C. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundBrain irradiation is considered a cofactor influencing the dentate nucleus (DN) signal intensity (SI) on unenhanced T1‐weighted images in patients exposed to gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs).PurposeTo assess the effect of gadodiamide and whole‐brain radiation therapy (WBRT) on T1‐weighted images and on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps of DN.Study TypeSingle‐center retrospective.PopulationIn all, 125 patients who underwent brain MRIs were classified into four groups: 1) patients who did neither receive intravenous GBCAs injections nor irradiation (controls); 2) patients having ≥3 GBCAs‐enhanced scans and no WBRT; 3) patients having WBRT and < 3 GBCAs‐enhanced scans; and 4) patients having WBRT and ≥ 3 GBCAs‐enhanced scans.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T magnet, echo‐planar diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and unenhanced T1‐weighted sequences.AssessmentThe DN‐to‐pons SI ratio on unenhanced T1‐weighted images and ADC values of the DN were calculated. Values were compared between groups and relative to the cumulative gadolinium dose and to the time delay after WBRT.Statistical TestsStatistical analysis included the Mann−Whitney U‐test and Spearman's rank‐order correlation.ResultsDN ADC values were not significantly different (P = 0.34) between patients exposed to gadodiamide (0.81 ± 0.06) and controls (0.83 ± 0.07).There were no differences in DN ADC values (P = 0.28) and DN‐to‐pons SI ratios (P = 0.42) between patients exposed to WBRT (ADC values: 0.85 ± 0.09; SI ratio: 1.11 ± 0.10) and controls (ADC values: 0.83 ± 0.06; SI ratio: 1.09 ± 0.06).There was a significant negative correlation between DN ADC values and the time (days) since the end of WBRT (r = − 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.55, −0.06; P < 0.05).Data ConclusionWe did not find changes suggestive of gadolinium‐related tissue microstructural damage of the DN. The ADC values of the DN are associated with the time from WBRT.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage5
Deep‐Learning‐Based Artificial Intelligence for PI‐RADS Classification to Assist Multiparametric Prostate MRI Interpretation: A Development Study
Authors: Sanford Thomas , Harmon Stephanie A. , Turkbey Evrim B. , Kesani Deepak , Tuncer Sena , Madariaga Manuel , Yang Chris , Sackett Jonathan , Mehralivand Sherif , Yan Pingkun , Xu Sheng , Wood Bradford J. , Merino Maria J. , Pinto Peter A. , Choyke Peter L. , Turkbey Baris 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThe Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) provides guidelines for risk stratification of lesions detected on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) of the prostate but suffers from high intra/interreader variability.PurposeTo develop an artificial intelligence (AI) solution for PI‐RADS classification and compare its performance with an expert radiologist using targeted biopsy results.Study TypeRetrospective study including data from our institution and the publicly available ProstateX dataset.PopulationIn all, 687 patients who underwent mpMRI of the prostate and had one or more detectable lesions (PI‐RADS score >1) according to PI‐RADSv2.Field Strength/SequenceT2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI; five evenly spaced b values between b = 0–750 s/mm2) for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping, high b‐value DWI (b = 1500 or 2000 s/mm2), and dynamic contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted series were obtained at 3.0T.AssessmentPI‐RADS lesions were segmented by a radiologist. Bounding boxes around the T2/ADC/high‐b value segmentations were stacked and saved as JPEGs. These images were used to train a convolutional neural network (CNN). The PI‐RADS scores obtained by the CNN were compared with radiologist scores. The cancer detection rate was measured from a subset of patients who underwent biopsy.Statistical TestsAgreement between the AI and the radiologist‐driven PI‐RADS scores was assessed using a kappa score, and differences between categorical variables were assessed with a Wald test.ResultsFor the 1034 detection lesions, the kappa score for the AI system vs. the expert radiologist was moderate, at 0.40. However, there was no significant difference in the rates of detection of clinically significant cancer for any PI‐RADS score in 86 patients undergoing targeted biopsy (P = 0.4–0.6).Data ConclusionWe developed an AI system for assignment of a PI‐RADS score on segmented lesions on mpMRI with moderate agreement with an expert radiologist and a similar ability to detect clinically significant cancer.Level of Evidence4Technical Efficacy Stage2
Serum deprivation limits loss and promotes recovery of tenogenic phenotype in tendon cell culture systems
Authors: van Vijven Marc , Wunderli Stefania L. , Ito Keita , Snedeker Jess G. , Foolen Jasper 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCurrent knowledge gaps on tendon tissue healing can partly be ascribed to the limited availability of physiologically relevant culture models. An unnatural extracellular matrix, high serum levels and random cell morphology in vitro mimic strong vascularization and lost cell elongation in pathology, and discord with a healthy, in vivo cell microenvironment. The thereby induced phenotypic drift in tendon‐derived cells (TDCs) compromises the validity of the research model. Therefore, this research quantified the extracellular matrix (ECM)‐, serum‐, and cell morphology‐guided phenotypic changes in tendon cells of whole tendon fascicle explants with intact ECM and TDCs cultured in a controlled microenvironmental niche. Explanted murine tail tendon fascicles were cultured in serum‐rich or serum‐free medium and phenotype was assessed using transcriptome analysis. Next, phenotypic marker gene expression was measured in in vitro expanded murine tail TDCs upon culture in serum‐rich or serum‐free medium on aligned or random collagen I patterns. Freshly isolated fascicles or TDCs served as native controls. In both systems, the majority of tendon‐specific genes were similarly attenuated in serum‐rich culture. Strikingly, 1‐week serum‐deprived culture—independent of cell morphology—converged TDC gene expression toward native levels. This study reveals a dynamic serum‐responsive tendon cell phenotype. Extracting fascicles or TDCs from their native environment causes large changes in cellular phenotype, which can be limited and even reversed by serum deprivation. We conclude that serum‐derived factors override matrix‐integrity and cell morphology cues and that serum‐deprivation stimulates a more physiological microenvironment for in vitro studies.
Multivariate optimization of a new LC–MS/MS method for the determination of 156 pesticide residues in milk and dairy products
Authors: Görel‐Manav Özün , Dinç‐Zor Şule , Akyildiz Emir , Alpdoğan Güzin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPesticides are widely utilized worldwide to control undesirable life forms during the planting procedure in agriculture. But they can pollute the nature and jeopardize human wellbeing. Additionally, on account of high resistance and biological activity; pesticides are able to accumulate in living organs and lead to acute and long‐term negative effects along with toxicity. Milk and dairy products constitute an important part of a humans’ diet since they contain fundamental supplements and nutrients, however they may also be the source of unhealthy components including pesticides. Therefore efficient, accurate and sensitive determination methods must be improved to quantify pesticide residues in these food samples.RESULTSMultivariate optimization strategy was employed to optimize an efficient and robust liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the determination of 156 pesticide residues in milk and dairy products. Three independent variables considered and their levels in the Box–Behnken design were as follows: initial percentage of eluent A in mobile phase (30, 40, 50%), flow rate of the mobile phase (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mL min−1), and ammonium formate concentration in mobile phase (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 mmol L−1). Under optimized conditions, average recoveries of target analytes were obtained in the range of 70.38% to 119.04%. Detection and quantification limits ranged from 0.06 to 2.70 μg kg−1 and from 0.22 to 8.10 μg kg−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe validated method was successfully implemented to the analysis of 20 milk and dairy products including cream, cheese and yogurt. This method could be applied in many laboratories to reduce analysis time and cost. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Adjunctive application of solid‐state culture products and its freeze‐dried powder from Aspergillus sojae for semi‐hard cheese
Authors: Chintagavongse Napaporn , Yoneda Tomoki , Ming‐Hsuan Chi , Hayakawa Toru , Wakamatsu Jun‐ichi , Tamano Koichi , Kumura Haruto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpecies belonging to the genus Aspergillus have been used in traditional Japanese fermented foods. Aspergillus sojae is a species responsible for strong proteolytic activity. Freeze‐drying treatments followed by physical disruption enables the pulverization of the mycelia of A. sojae RIB 1045 grown in whey protein‐base solid media. Intracellular proteases were extracted using this protocol to compare extracellular protease activity in terms of the reaction’s pH dependence in the presence or absence of inhibitors.RESULTWith different sensitivities to inhibitors, intracellular and extracellular proteases showed the strongest activity under acidic conditions, which were considered suitable for cheese application. The raw culture product (CP) and its freeze‐dried product (FDP) were mixed with cheese curds, prepared according to Gouda‐type cheese‐making methods, and were allowed to ripen for 3 months. Chemical analysis of the products showed 13.3% water‐soluble nitrogen (WSN) in the control, which had received noncultured media, whereas 20.0% and 21.1% WSN was found in the CP and FDP experimental cheeses, respectively. Although these adjuncts significantly increased WSN, an insignificant difference was found between CP and FDP. Free fatty acids in all experimental cheeses were similar, showing that CP and FDP caused no rancid defects.CONCLUSIONThe introduction of freeze‐drying treatments accompanied by cell disruption resulted in a negligible effect in terms of WSN. However, the application of A. sojae can be beneficial when it comes to increasing the level of WSN compared with A. oryzae, as shown in our previous study. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation and characterization of β‐cyclodextrin–oregano essential oil microcapsule and its effect on storage behavior of purple yam
Authors: Huang Haohe , Huang Chongxing , Yin Cheng , Khan Muhammad RU , Zhao Hui , Xu Yangfan , Huang Lijie , Zheng Dantong , Qi Minghui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDNatural plant essential oils have antimicrobial properties; however, essential oils are difficult to maintain in a system because of their volatile nature. First, we prepared microcapsules from β‐cyclodextrin and oregano essential oil and characterized their properties. Second, the effect of microcapsules on the preservation of freshly cut purple yam was studied using an edible coating technique. Purple yams immersed in distilled water were used as control, and their characteristics were compared with yams coated with citric acid, citric acid + sodium alginate, and citric acid + sodium alginate + β‐cyclodextrin–oregano essential oil microcapsules (CA–SA–MC) and stored at 4 °C for 5 days.RESULTSMicrocapsules of oregano essential oil and β‐cyclodextrin solution were successfully prepared via the inclusion method, with an optimal encapsulation efficiency of 55.14%. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis showed strong bonds between β‐cyclodextrin and oregano essential oil. All edible coatings, particularly CA–SA–MC, significantly (P ≤ 0.05) maintained firmness, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content, and anthocyanin content compared with control treatment. This treatment also prevented browning and extended the shelf life of purple yam.CONCLUSIONOregano essential oil can be successfully encapsulated into cyclodextrin microcapsules. It has a great impact on the shelf life extension of purple yam and could be successfully applied to other fresh produce. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry