bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of endotracheal intubation procedures following inadvertent esophageal intubation. A randomized crossover manikin trial
Authors: Sedat Bilge  , Yahya Ayhan Acar  , Attila Aydin  , Onur Tezel  , Guclu Aydin  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the success, degree of difficulty and completion time of endotracheal intubation without removing the endotracheal tube in the event of an oesophageal intubation.
Methods: The prospective, randomised crossover study was conducted at Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, from July 1, 2018, to August 31, 2018, and used a manikin model. Endotracheal intubation was performed using Miller, Macintosh blades and a video laryngoscope. The procedures were randomised into two groups, with group E+ being subjected to it while an endotracheal tube ETT was placed in the oesophagus (E+) simulating the oesophageal intubation, and control group E- getting the standard procedure without the endotracheal tube in the oesophagus. All methods were evaluated for their success, completion time, and degree of difficulty. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Results: There were 120 manikins, with 60(50%) in each of the two groups. The mean completion time with Miller in E+ group was 19.05±9.65 and for E- it was 17.55±11.95 seconds. With Macintosh, E+ had a mean completion time of 19.85±12.66 seconds and E- had 16.75±8.66. With video laryngoscope, E+ group had a mean completion time of 16.75±8.66 seconds, while E- had it 14.60±8.17. No significant difference was found in the paired group comparisons in terms of the degree of task difficulty (p>0.05).
Conclusion: In case of inadvertent oesophageal intubation condition, leaving the tube in the oesophagus and performing subsequent endotracheal intubation attempts was not found to decrease the rate of success regardless of the laryngoscope type.
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Frequency and genotyping of alpha thalassemia in individuals undergoing premarital screening
Authors: Saboor Muhammad , Abdullah Ahmed Mobarki  , Hassan Abdu Hamali  , Amr Jamal Halawani  , Saleh Mohammed Abdullah  , Ayman Mohsen Mashi  , Yahya Hassan Hobani  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the frequency of alpha thalassemia and detect mutations in the alpha genes in individuals undergoing premarital screening.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan, Sauid Arabia, from January 2018 to May 2019, and comprised blood samples of individuals visiting the premarital screening clinic. The samples were analyzed for complete blood counts and haemoglobin electrophoresis. Molecular analysis of samples suspected for alpha thalassemia was done using alpha–globin StripAssay kit. Data was anlaysed using SPSS 20.
Results: Of the 3,970 samples analysed, 1,859(46.83%) were from males and 2,111(53.17%) from females. The overall frequency of suspected alpha thalassemia was 4.43% based upon haematological parameters including complete blood count and hemoglobin electrophoresis. Overall, 80 suspected samples were selected for genetic analyses, and, of them, 76 (95%) were positive for deletional and non-deletional mutations of alpha-globin genes, while 4 (5%) were negative for any of the 21 mutations tested.
Conclusion: Alpha thalassemia was found to be highly prevalent in the study area.
Key Words: Alpha thalassemia, –?3.7, –?IVS1, ? polyA1, premarital screening.
Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease in Pakistan: current status, opportunities and challenges
Authors: Nabeel Muzaffar Syed  , John Bertoni  , Danish Ejaz Bhatti  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease that commonly affects people aged 60 years and above. So far, no treatment has been shown to halt or slow the progression of the disease and our options are limited to symptomatic management. Levodopa is the most preferred antiparkinsonian medication that provides excellent control of symptoms early in the disease. However, in most patients the response declines over time and complications of motor fluctuations and dyskinesia arise. Other medical therapies play an adjunctive role in the management, as they are not as effective as levodopa. Advanced therapies like deep brain stimulation (DBS) can provide effective control of symptoms in moderate to advanced disease. Deep brain stimulation surgery has recently been started in Pakistan. This review provides an overview of deep brain stimulation, its indications, patient selection process and details of surgery,
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A Critical Review of Standardization of Ayurvedic Dosage Form Kwatha - Part - II: Approaches and Outcome
Authors: Bhatt Narendra , Deshpande Manasi , Chaskar Sunetra 
Published: October 2020

A Kwatha, decoction, is one of the most used classical Ayurvedic dosage forms. It is a liquid preparation to be freshly consumed. For this preparation the raw material, mostly herbs or a group of herbs are extracted in water by boiling them for a specific time span. This is second part of the review paper on Ayurvedic Kwatha - herbal decoction to review and consider various approaches and their outcomes for the standardization. It provides information and reference data for the standardization of decoction across conventional methods and new techniques and explains how this classical process has evolved within new pharmaceutical developments. Many Ayurvedic production units appear to have adapted to newer manufacturing technologies including fermentation techniques. This paper explores the scope for application of newer technologies for the purpose of better standardization and novel product applications. Application of Kwatha's nano-drug delivery systems have a promising potential to enhance operation and resolve issues related to classical dosage forms. In order to tackle further chronic diseases, the incorporation of nano-carriers as NDDS in the conventional medicine system is necessary. This review examines the benefits of the nano-drug delivery system, its properties, its drawbacks, forms of nanoparticles, their preparation methods, and various herbal nano medicines. This review further explores how therapeutic benefits can be improved by reducing toxicity and increasing bioavailability.
In-Vitro Trial of Roots of Ishwarmuli (Aristolochia indica Linn.) for Anti-Microbial, Anti-Fungal & Anti-Oxidant Activity
Authors: Binorkar Sandeep , Parlikar Gajanan , Sawant Ranjeet , Bhoyar Manish , Nikumbh Milind B 
Published: October 2020

Aristolochia indica is a plant belonging to the family Aristolochiaceae. The medicinal value of A. indica has been known in different system of traditional medicine including Ayurveda. A number of Aristolochia species has been used in herbal medicines throughout the world for the cure of several ailments including metabolic diseases to venomous bites of snake and insects. The current work was executed with an objective to explore the in vitro antimicrobial, anti-fungal and anti-oxidant activity of A. indica. The relevant literature was also pursued for the justification and comparing the resemblances in the results. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of roots of Aristolochia indica Linn. were tested for their inhibitory effect against 6 bacterial strains [Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae & Shigella flexneri] and 3 fungi strains [Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans]. Agar-well method was used for the assessment of in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of A. indica against selected standard bacterial strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration for each extract of various micro-organisms was also measured. Ethanolic extract of A. indica shows Minimum concentration (MIC) value of 50-100 μg/ml against selected bacterial strains which is better when compared to the aqueous extracts. Ethanolic extracts also showed moderate effects against the selected fungal strains, whereas the aqueous extracts failed to exhibit any effect even at higher concentrations.
Comparing forecast systems with multiple correlation decomposition based on partial correlation
Authors: Glowienka-Hense Rita , Hense Andreas , Brune Sebastian , Baehr Johanna 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The multiple correlation and/or regression information that two competing forecast systems have on the same observations is decomposed into four components, adapting the method of multivariate information decomposition of Williams and Beer (2010), Wibral et al. (2015), and Lizier et al. (2018). Their concept is to divide source information about a target into total, (target) redundant or shared, and unique information from each source. It is applied here to the comparison of forecast systems using classic regression. Additionally, non-target redundant or shared information is newly defined that resumes the redundant information of the forecasts which is not observed. This provides views that go beyond classic correlation differences. These five terms share the same units and can be directly compared to put prediction results into perspective. The redundance terms in particular provide a new view. All components are given as maps of explained variance on the observations and for the non-target redundance on the models, respectively. Exerting this concept to lagged damped persistence is shown to be related to directed information entropy. To emphasize the benefit of the toolkit on all timescales, two analysis examples are provided. Firstly, two forecast systems of the German decadal prediction system of “Mittelfristige Klimaprognose”, namely the pre-operational version and a special version using ensemble Kalman filter for the ocean initialization, are compared. The analyses reveal the clear added value of the latter and provide an as yet unseen map of their non-target redundance. Secondly, 4 d lead forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are compared to a simple autoregressive and/or damped persistence model. The analysis of the information partition on this timescale shows that interannual changes in damped persistence, seen as target redundance changes between forecasts and damped persistence models, are balanced by associated changes in the added value of the dynamic forecasts in the extratropics but not in the tropics.
Integrated land use and transportation modelling and planning: A South African journey
Authors: Waldeck Louis , Holloway Jenny , Van Heerden Quintin 
Published: October 2020

Confronted by poverty, income disparities and mounting demands for basic services such as clean water, sanitation and health care, urban planners in developing countries like South Africa, face daunting challenges. This paper explores the role of Integrated land use and transportation modelling in metropolitan planning processes aimed at improving the spatial efficiency of urban form and ensuring that public sector investments in social and economic infrastructure contribute to economic growth and the reduction of persistent poverty and inequality. The value of such models is not in accurately predicting the future but in providing participants in the (often adversarial) planning process with a better understanding of cause and effect between different components of the urban system and in discovering common ground that could lead to compromise. This paper describes how an Urban Simulation Model was developed by adapting one of the leading microsimulation models (UrbanSim) originating from the developed world to South African conditions and how the requirements for microscopic data about the base year of a simulation were satisfied in a sparse data environment by introducing various typologies. A sample of results from three case studies in the cities of Tshwane, Ekurhuleni and Nelson Mandela Bay between 2013 and 2017 are then presented to illustrate how modelling supports the planning process by adding elements of rational analysis and hypothesis testing to the evaluation of proposed policies.
Aerosol Hygroscopicity on A Single Particle Level Using Microscopic and Spectroscopic Techniques: A Review
Authors: Wu Li , Ro Chul-Un 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Studies on the hygroscopic properties of aerosol particles can provide critical insights into important aerosol properties such as (1) alteration of aerodynamic properties; (2) cloud-droplet nucleation efficiency; (3) optical properties; and (4) physicochemical changes through complex heterogeneous chemical reactions with atmospheric gas-phase species. Investigations of the hygroscopic properties have been carried out using various analytical techniques for individual or bulk aerosol particles with deviating chemical compositions. Solid information on the hygroscopic properties, morphology, and chemical composition of airborne particles on a micrometer scale can be achieved by using a single particle approach. In this short review, recent microscopic (such as optical microscope, atomic force microscopy, environmental SEM and TEM, and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy) and spectroscopic (including Raman microspectrometry, FTIR spectroscopy, and their combination with levitation techniques) studies of hygroscopicity of aerosol particles on a single particle level are provided.
Air Quality Variation in Daegu, Korea During the Outbreak of COVID-19 and its Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Ma Chang-Jin , Kang Gong-Unn 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first reported in Wuhan, China, became pandemic in less than two months, and Korea was no exception. Daegu Metropolitan City, in particular, has become the center of the explosive outbreak in Korea. In this study, we evaluated how the air quality of Daegu Metropolitan City varied when people were fighting the spread of COVID-19. In concretely, we tried to estimate the air quality variation with the trend of COVID-19 in Daegu Metropolitan City based on the measured data at hourly intervals from two air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs) (see Fig. 2). In addition, we quantitatively assessed the positive health effects of improved air quality from fighting against COVID-19. Compared to the concentration in the same period of 2019, the PM2.5 measured at the ambient AQMS decreased by 36.7, 22.5, and 37.6% respectively in January, February, and March. Meanwhile, those at the road side AQMS were 39.9, 23.7, and 40.3% in January, February, and March, respectively. The decreasing trend was not shown in April. Along with the floating population, the concentration of NO2 at the road side AQMS decreased from 49.9 ppb to 32.7 ppb, indicating that the reduction rate was 34.5%. The summed concentration of seven hazardous metals decreased by 27.4% in February 2020 compared to 2019. Among them, lead showed the biggest drop to 43.4% in 2002 compared to 2019. The exposure of PM2.5, Dose
PM2.5 (µg), during 60 days of self-reflection for 10-year-old children has decreased by 29.6% compared to that in the same period of 2019. The results of adult females and males also show 27, 8% and 29.5% decrease, respectively.
A Study of Canopy Urban Heat Island of Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Tawfeek Yasmin Q. , Jasim Farah Hasseb , Al-Jiboori Monim H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Based on different two sets of data such as Landsat satellite imageries and daily air temperatures at 2 m high, canopy urban heat island (CUHI) phenomenon was investigated over Baghdad city for time span of three years: 2008, 2013 and 2019. The detection of changes in built-up areas was carried out to extract built-up index using ArcGIS 10.4.1 software with an overall accuracy of 94%. The results show that the built-up areas in the surface of the city have been increased from 621.7 km2 in 2008 to 727.3 km2 in 2019. This increase with high population density produced adverse thermal effects on atmospheric environment represented by CUHI. This was verified by analyzing daily, season and annual means of air temperature at the same years above measured at two different places: 1) urban site located at city center (Mustansiriyah University) and 2) rural site at the countryside of the city (International Baghdad Airport). Using the difference in daily temperatures between the two sites, the intensity of CUHI is computed. The results showed that the maximum daily CUHI is found in summer month (July) in 2019 with value 3.4°C, while the annual means are ranged from 1.5 (in both 2008 and 2013) to 2.4°C (in 2019). Finally, CUHI intensity is related with population density and built-up index in nonlinear variation.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease Heralding Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Aun Jonathan A. , Hubbard Matthew J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this case report, the authors discuss a patient with a rare entity, Kikuchi Fujimoto Disease, which exhibited unique osteopathic structural examination findings, including enlarged cervical lymph nodes in conjunction with a Chapman reflex (CR). This report highlights the critical importance of histological examination of the lymph nodes. Additionally, it reminds physicians to consider the ways in which CR can potentially contribute to the diagnostic process.
OAPEN Open Access Books Toolkit
Authors: Emery Christina Rachel 
Published: October 2020

The OAPEN Open Access Books Toolkit is a brand new free resource for researchers, created through a collaborative writing process by global and diverse members of the academic community and scholarly communications organisations.
The toolkit aims to help authors better understand open access (OA) for books, to increase trust in OA book publishing, to provide reliable and easy-to-find answers to questions from authors, and to provide guidance in the process of publishing an OA book. The toolkit was developed in a series of workshops for authors, hosted by the university libraries at Oxford, Glasgow and Utrecht, in collaboration with Springer Nature and OAPEN.
The idea for this toolkit came about in a Researcher to Reader workshop where discussions concluded that a trusted single resource was needed to tackle the lack of awareness and understanding amongst authors about OA book publishing, and common misconceptions about licensing and quality which form important barriers in the transition to OA books.
This poster describes the content and layout of the toolkit, and the journey in developing it. We want the academic community to get involved by spreading the word about this toolkit and providing feedback for further development.
The OAPEN Foundation is a not-for-profit organisation that works with publishers to build a quality-controlled collection of open access books through the OAPEN Library and the Directory of Open Access Books, and provides services for publishers, libraries and research funders in the areas of deposit, quality assurance, dissemination, and digital preservation.
Geospatial Metadata for Discovery in Scholarly Publishing
Authors: Niers Tom , Nüst Daniel 
Published: October 2020

Many scientific articles are related to specific regions of the Earth. The connection is often implicit, although geospatial metadata has been shown to have positive effects, such as detecting biases in research coverage or enhancing discovery of research. Scholarly communication platforms lack an explicit modelling of geospatial metadata. In this work, we report a novel approach to integrate well-defined geospatial metadata into Open Journal Systems (OJS). Authors create complex geometries to represent the related location(s) or region(s) for their submission and define the relevant time period. They are assisted by an interactive map and a gazetteer to capture high quality coordinates as well as a matching textual description with high usability. The geospatial metadata is published within the article pages using semantic tags, integrated in standardised publication metadata, and shown on maps. Thereby, the geoOJS plugin facilitates indexing by search engines, can improve accessibility, and provides a foundation for more powerful map-based discovery of research articles across journals.
See the Extended Abstract PDF for more details.
Towards societal impact through open research
Authors: Oefelein Timon 
Published: October 2020

The United Nation’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are now more relevant than ever because they express the relevancy of research to addressing urgent global needs. Thus we ask: How much scholarly content relates to these SDGs and what are the trends? How much of it successfully reaches its target audience, including policy makers and practitioners, and does Open Access (OA) publication make a difference? Finally, what best practices can be recommended to researchers to optimize the societal impact of their research?
In order to find answers to these important and pressing questions, Springer Nature has partnered with The Association of Universities in the Netherlands (VSNU) to form a unique interdisciplinary impact working group that draws on Open Science practices. This presentation introduces the project group, describing its aims, and key interim results. This includes a summary of how the team built one of the world’s first SDG content classifiers using both machine learning and extensive human input from a team of subject experts. The SDG classifier is freely available online. Further, we’ll share key results from two large global researcher surveys. The first set of results outlines researchers’ motivations towards SDG research and its impact as evidenced by responses from some 9000 participants across the world. The second set of survey data, featuring 5900 responses, provides insight into usage trends of both OA and non-OA content. Together, our results provide unique and evidence-based insight into the volume and nature of SDG content, the role of open access in maximising reach and dissemination, and finally, how libraries can help researchers optimize societal impact.
The presentation will be of interest to a wide audience, including members of the research assessment community and research offices; funders of SDG content; and academic support libraries supporting researchers with publication and impact.