bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and Anatomical Responses of Gogo Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.) Var. Inpago Unsoed 1 to Paclobutrazol Application
Authors: Hardiyati Triani , Budisantoso Iman , Samiyarsih Siti 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The improvement of gogo rice production in dryland is constrained by its extraordinary height, which leads to falling, and its long lifespan. The shorter gogo rice plant can be obtained through growth inhibition using paclobutrazol. Gogo rice plant var. Inpago Unsoed 1 was used during the study. An experimental study was performed using factorial completely randomized design. The main factor was four paclobutrazol concentrations (0,100, 200, and 300 ppm). The sub-main factor was paclobutrazol application time after planting (three, four, and five weeks). The results showed that the interaction between paclobutrazol concentration and application time was highly significantly affecting plant height. The most appropriate treatment resulting in optimum plant height was the combination of 100 ppm paclobutrazol applied four weeks after planting. Interaction between paclobutrazol concentration and application time also significantly affect stem diameter, leaf width, and stomata number in the lower leaf epidermis. However, there was no significant effect of paclobutrazol observed on stomata size. The significant result of the combination of paclobutrazol concentration and the application time was also supporting tissue thickness. The thickest tissue was obtained by 300 ppm of paclobutrazol applied five weeks after plantation.
Reproductive Characters of the Ricefield Eel (Monopterus albus Zuieuw) in Babakan Village, Karang Lewas District, Banyumas, Central Java
Authors: Susatyo P , Umami R , Sukmaningrum S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the villages in Banyumas Regency which provides a high potential habitat for ricefield eel (Monopterus albus Zuieuw), a protogynous hermaphrodite, is Babakan. However, information concerning their reproduction cycles is lacking. This research aimed to understand the reproductive characters including Gonad Maturity Level (GML), Gonad Maturity Index (GMI), fecundity, egg diameter, and to examine the correlation of body length with both GML and GMI of the fish. We applied the survey method with purposive sampling design. The sampling was done once in a month for four times from November 2017 to March 2018. There were 30 samples for each sampling time (total of 120 eels). The results showed that the ricefield eels underwent intersex phase at a body length of 30.5-30.7 cm. The fish less than 30.5 cm were females, and those more than 30.7 cm was a male. The ricefield eel sex based on stages of gonad development was GML I (there were oocytes equipped with nucleus and cytoplasm), GML II (the presence of cortical alveoli stage), GML III (the stage of vitellogenesis), and GML IV (mature stage). The presence of degenerated oocytes and testicular lobes characterized their intersex stage. A testicular lobe characterized the male stage. The dominant GML during November, December, January, and March were GML I and II, GML I and II, GML III, and GML IV, respectively. Fecundity of the ricefield eels during the research was between 207 and 370 eggs, with an average of 252 eggs. The egg diameter of 0.22-2.5 mm indicated that the ricefield eel was on the batch spawner. The highest GMI of the eels occurred in January between 00017 and 0.0242 during the entire month of sampling. The body length of the fish did not correlate to their GML. On the other hand, their body length correlated to their GMI.
The Discontinuous Feeding Effects of Chlorella vulgaris Supplemented Feed on the Gourami Body Composition
Authors: Simanjuntak Sorta Basar Ida 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Chlorella vulgaris is a green alga rich in nutrients. Research on supplementing the alga into the fish feed (4 g/kg) fed discontinuously to gourami (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) was conducted. The purposes of this study were to determine the body composition of gourami intermittently fed with C. vulgaris supplement and to obtain the best treatment for the fish body composition. Twenty-four fish were separated into four treatment groups, with three replicates. These consisted of control, daily fed fish (C), once a week fasted fish (P1), twice a week fasted fish (P2), and three times a week fasted fish (P3). The experiments were conducted for 56 days. Data on body composition were measured at the end of the study. The results showed that the feeding of C. vulgaris supplement of 4 g/kg feed could improve the gourami body composition. The fish that fasted for two days a week demonstrated the best body composition. The success of gourami cultivation is mostly determined by the feed given to increase the nutritional value of the body. Thus, in cultivation, gourami was suggsted to feed with a C. vulgaris supplement of 4 g/kg and fasted two days a week.
Reproduction Characteristics of Tropical Eel Anguilla bicolor McClelland in Different Developmental Stage
Authors: Rachmawati FN , Sistina Y 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe reproductive characters provide information about the gonad maturity of eel. The prepubertal stage occurs in the yellow eel, and the pubertal stage achieves in the silver eel. This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive characters of tropical eel,Anguilla bicolorMcClelland in the different developmental stages. Eels with 33 - 81 cm ± 13.54 length, and weight of 98 - 1062 g ± 262.99 were used to determine their reproductive characters. The variables observed were the total length, body weight, Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), eye index and estradiol levels. The results showed that total length, body weight and GSI of silver eels were higher than yellow eels (P < 0.01). Total length, body weight, and GSI were 66.09 cm ± 9.34, 556.83 g ± 236.24, and 2.12% ± 1.88 respectively. The eye index and plasma estradiol level of yellow eel, pre-silver, and silver eel were similar (P > 0.05). In conclusion, there are many differences in reproduction characteristics between a yellow and silver eels. The gonad of silver eel is more mature than that of a yellow eel.
Chromium Removal of Batik Wastewater using Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp.
Authors: Dewi RS , Mumpuni A , Yusiana RA 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Indigosol red is one of batik dye used in Indonesia’s batik industry. This industrial activity produces wastewater. Based on wastewater quality standards, it is explained that chromium (Cr) is one of the parameters in the standard of textile waste quality. Several selected fungi are potential to decolorize and remove heavy metal chromium from batik wastewater. Some fungal strains, such as Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp., isolated from batik wastewater, have been elaborated in this study, with Phanerochaeta chrysoporium as comparative isolate. This research reports the value of Cr in several batik wastewater in Banyumas Regency, and also discussed the role of these fungal removals of heavy metals from batik wastewater. The effect of the incubation period and the amount of biomass on the removal were also studied. Analysis of Cr content from wastewater sample ranged <0.12-1.01 mg/L. The results showed that the fungi were able to remove the Cr of batik wastewater. The range of values of Cr reduction varies from 83 to 86%. The most effective fungi to decolorize and remove chromium was Penicillium sp. in 5 day incubation time, with the largest biomass of 0.64 g. Penicillium sp. can be used as chromium removal.
Modified Tea Bag Biosorbent as Cr (VI) Removal in Batik Wastewater
Authors: Lestari Sri , Dewi Ratna Stia , Wibowo Eko Setio , Atang  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Batik wastewater contains heavy metals that are harmful to the environment. One of these metals is Cr (VI). Cr (VI) on batik wastewater has been removed by biosorption. Biosorption capacity depends on the biosorbent type and surface area. Abundant, cheap, and readily available biosorbent is straw and baglog waste. A modified tea bag can increase biosorben surface area. This research aimed to obtain the optimum biosorbent ratio and pH of Cr (VI) adsorption capacity. The experiments were conducted using a Split Plot design. The collected data were analyzed using F-test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the highest of Cr adsorbed was 0,0047 mg/g with efficiency decrease was 84,23% in the biosorbent ratio of 3:1 and pH 5. Modified teabag biosorbent was effective in removal Cr in batik wastewater.
Impact of Wild Bees (Apis cerana) and Stingless Bees (Tetragonula laeviceps) to Some Crops of Small-Scale Farm in West Java
Authors: Putra RE , Rustam FA , Rosmiati M , Kinasih I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the essential ecosystem services which profoundly affect the human population is pollination. Studies in subtropical countries which applies modern and expansive agricultural systems showed the significant impact of pollinator agent. However, the study on pollination service impact on the productivity of farms in Indonesia is quite rare. This research was conducted to determine pollination efficiency both open pollination by wild bees (Apis cerana) and stingless bees (Tetragonula laeviceps) to the quality and quantity of green beans, cucumbers, and tomatoes in a monocropping system of a local small-scale farm. This research was conducted from January to April 2018 in Sukawangi Village, Pamulihan, Sumedang, West Java. The observation was started at 08.00-16.00 every five minutes during the flowering period. In these experiments, ten flowers that still not bloomed, in each of 10 plants per treatment were randomly selected. The effects of the pollinator were assessed by the visitation pattern of visits and plant reproductive success. This study showed that each of the pollination treatments did not affect the weight and the average length of all tested fruits. However, the application of stingless bees as pollinator revealed a significant difference in the average diameter (p=0.013) and fruit shape of the cucumbers.
Development of Genetically Improved Farmed African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus; A Review and Lessons Learned from Indonesian Fish Breeding Program
Authors: Imron Imron , Iswanto Bambang , Suparapto Rommy , Marnis Huria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, is an introduced species and has been an important food supporting the fulfillment of food security in Indonesia. Along with increasing popularity as a farmed fish, it gradually showed lower aquaculture performance due in part to the deterioration of genetic quality of fry resulting from inappropriate and uncontrolled of broodstock. An African catfish breeding program aimed to cope with the problem was set in 2010 at the Research Institute for Fish Breeding, Sukamandi, Indonesia. Started with four founder populations, namely Egypt (29%), Paiton (27%), Sangkuriang (24%), and Dumbo (20%), a synthetic base population was established in 2011, and an individual selection targeting on growth improvement was conducted. A hundred broodstock were spawned to produce breeding candidates, and 5 percent of best-performing fish were selected in each generation. Genetic parameters (genetic gain and genetic variability) and a series of aquaculture performance-related traits including growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), productivity, resistance to disease, size uniformity, and benefit/cost ratio were recorded. Following three successive generations of selection, over 50% of the accumulative genetic gain was obtained. This genetic gain consisted of 20%, 11%, and 20% from the first, second, and third generations, respectively. Field farm tests aiming at comparing the aquaculture performance of the selected strain against the existed local strains also showed promising results. It was 10-40% better in growth, 15-70% better in productivity, 2-9 times higher in benefit-cost ratio, shorter growing period (45-60 days), lower feed conversion ratio (0.6-0.8 in nursery and 0.6-1.0 in grow out) and higher survival (60-70%) following challenge test against Aeromonas hydrophyla infection. It also produced a higher uniformity in size, 80-90% in the fry production stage, and 70-80% in grow-out production. It seemed that there was an indication of positively correlated responses among growth and those traits. Selective breeding in African catfish by applying individual selection carried out at RIFB was managed to obtain a significant genetic improvement while maintaining genetic diversity.
The Utilization of Seaweeds as An Inexpensive Source of New Drugs Agent
Authors: Negara BFSP , Oktoviani  , Nugraheni E , Kusuma AB , Kontesa R , Putra ED , Siallagan D , Herliany NE , Purnama D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The human population growth has been followed by an infection rate increase of pathogenic bacteria. The continual use of synthetic antibacterial chemicals has negative effects, pathogenic bacterial resistance of high doses. Therefore, the discovery of a new antibacterial agent is an urgent need. The search for new drug agents as antibacteria has expanded to marine organisms, especially seaweeds. This research aimed to measure the clear zone of seaweeds against bacterial tests and to evaluate the ability of seaweed as an antibacterial agent. The seaweed samples were collected from Pantai Panjang, Bengkulu, Indonesia, using a purposive sampling method. Maceration method used to extract the antibacterial agent from seaweeds. Agar diffusion method was used as an antibacterial activity assay against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhii, and Staphylococcus aureus as the tested bacteria. There were three species of seaweeds found in the location e.g., Halimeda discoidea, Halimeda micronesica, and Caulerpa taxifolia. The antibacterial assay indicated that H. discoidea and C. taxifolia have the antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria with a clear zone that categorized into moderate and high. Meanwhile, H. micronesica had the potential as an antibacterial agent against E. coli and S. typhii with a clear zone categorized into moderate and high. In the future, it could be a potential new drug agent, especially for an antibacterial agent.
Diversity of Trichodina spp. on The Larvae of Freshwater Fish in Banyumas and Surrounding Areas of Central Java
Authors: Rokhmani  , Darsono  , Riwidiharso Edy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Trichodina sp. has a fast-splitting reproduction ability, and it is widespread, infect more than one species of fish. Freshwater fish cultivation increases every year, but high mortality caused by this parasite occurs. Research to determine Trichodina sp. on freshwater fish larvae was conducted in the district of Exs. Banyumas Residency, Central Java. We used a survey method to collect the fish larvae samples consisting of tawes, mujaher, nilem, and bawal of hatchery centers in Purbalingga, Banyumas, and Banjarnegara. Isolation and identification of parasites were conducted at the Parasitology-Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Biology. The results showed that the prevalence of Trichodiniasis in freshwater fish from Banyumas, Banjarnegara, and Purbalingga was lower than Trichodiniasis in gourami larvae. Trichodiniasis intensity in freshwater fish was moderate.
Internet of Things-Supported Smart City Platform
Authors: Kumar Raman , Banga Harish Kumar , Kaur Harpreet 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The modern Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are facilitating projects from smart cities around the world. The IoT offers the ability to track, handle, and operate machines remotely and to create new knowledge and actionable information from vast real-time data sources. Robust and practical approaches to smart cities already faced obstacles. The latest information and communication technology (ICT) implementations for smart cities are focused on specialized structures that are not fully compliant, compact, extensible, or economical throughout cities. This paper highlights how diverse firms are working jointly to diminish the barriers in the way of smart city resolutions, and potential gains along with IoT related problems for cities are addressed. There will be a debate on the needs of intelligent cities, the role of IoT technology to make cities more stylish and better, and the best wireless technology for smart cities. The examples of five cities are shown as cities measured according to several research criteria, including smart grid systems, smart lighting, and the application of digital technologies for traffic, wireless internet, mobile penetration, and app landscape. Secured and trusted smart cities and core security objectives are also presented. Inside a community of IoT technology, large-scale implementation aims to make city operations effective while recovering the quality of life for urban residents.
IoT Solutions for Smart Cities
Authors: Palaniappan Ramya , John Tegil J , Nagaraj V. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In recent days, the amount of people migrating to urban regions increases in a notable way. Hence this relocation forces to provide better valuable services to the publics. With the advancement of metering and digital technology, smart cities can be made more smarter with the usage of IoT technology, wherein a lot of real time devices can be smartly interconnected to a centralized network to arrive better engineering solutions. The aim of this article is to provide a wide-ranging review of the various concepts involved in IoT and its several applications. Furthermore, the general architecture of IoT environment and the main challenges posed in the development of IoT environment are also explained.
IoT enabled Environmental Air Pollution Monitoring and Rerouting system using Machine learning algorithms
Authors: Moses Leeban , Tamilselvan  , Raju  , Karthikeyan  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Massive Internet of Things (IoT) is foretold to introduce surfeit of applications for a fully connected world. The increasingly degrading quality of air in several regions of the biosphere can be a reliable impact of human difficulties of increasing globalization and urbanization. Air pollution levels in many cities exceed legal and World Health Organization (WHO) limits for particulate matter and gaseous pollutants which can be found in concentrations that are hazardous to health. Regular acquaintance to high pollution intensities results in increase of humans affected from respiratory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease and increased mortality. In most of the cities, there is no chance for peoples to apprehend the levels of pollution they are undergoing in their day-to-day lives which is necessary to reduce their risks from poor air quality conditions. The quality of air can be measured by using a parameter named Air quality index. The Key pollutants to calculate Air quality index are particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO). This work deliberates the implementation of cloud based IoT system for air quality monitoring in which the sensors are used to calculate CO, PM2.5 and PM10, O3, SO2 and NOx pollution level with environmental condition like temperature and humidity. The obtained information can be updated in cloud platform using Lora nodes and Lora Gateway. The web-based application developed has a Google map API where the pollution status can be frequently updated. With the collected time series samples, the prediction analysis was done for PM with neural network Multi-Layer perceptron and support vector machine regression (SVMR) learning algorithm. This can helps a person to travel to any other places by automatically rerouting conditions in a pollution free environment.
Leveraging the Potential of BIM towards Sustainable Construction
Authors: Khattra Satinder Kaur , Rai Hardeep Singh , Singh Jagbir 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The need to recognize the importance of sustainable construction is becoming a major concern. The innovative technologies around the construction industry can be of major help to achieve the aim of sustainable construction. There are various diverse sustainability rating frameworks around the world, everyone with the same aim of improving the performance of whole building to achieve the goals of creating a healthy built environment. Integration of data is key to sustainable construction which needs a shift from traditional methods of sharing information among various stakeholders. Nowadays, BIM is emerging as more dominant technology by progressively integrating more and more people of the AEC industry. However, the uninterrupted use of digital data information along the complete process sequence falls notably behind other industry sectors. For a successful construction project, an uninterrupted understanding and widespread exchange of information among these stakeholders is essential. Main role of BIM is to improve the collaboration and communication between various people and phases of construction by integration of exchange of information. BIM process, implemented successfully is able to improve the delivery of information in a project and reduce extra cost incurred due to design changes during subsequent construction phases. In this paper to achieve a sustainable BIM model, the capability to share the information using most popular open source, vendor neutral platform IFC, between two of the most accepted BIM software was investigated. Round trip tests were performed for the IFC models produced in two software and an evaluation is made in terms of geometric distortion, information loss and misrepresentation. Several issues were found in exchanging both object geometry information and other semantically significant data. Complete exchange of geometry was not observed in any of the exchanges. The reason for these imperfections is due to the fact that different software prefer to use methods to generate the information in their internal data schemas.
BIM Approach for Sustainable Design of Flat Slab Buildings: A Review
Authors: Goyal Lovnesh Kumar , Rai Hardeep Singh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Building Information System (BIM) is a potential digital tool with the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry that is used to represent the projects in three-dimensional models. It provides a central unified database that can be queried, filtered, manipulated and/or changed for analysis, thus providing a collaborative tool for all the stakeholders in the project throughout the life cycle of the project. Positive returns on investments are acceded by the contractors adopting BIM while it helps detect clashes of intersecting building components early in the design stages. BIM is proving of utmost importance while focusing on the development of sustainable buildings and to develop the cities smarter and intelligent. Environmental concerns warrant more and more sustainable buildings to be designed and implemented. BIM has an intrinsic role to play in building design to address the growing environmental concerns such as to reduce carbon footprint, to cut construction and demolition waste, selection of green material, quality of the indoor environment, water conservation, and health factors of inhabitants, etc. In the current practices, the simulation and environmental performance analysis follow the design phase of the project, thus not getting incorporated into the decision making at this stage. Some models of flat slab buildings are generated by some studies where required parameters were assigned to different elements of the building. This paper makes an effort to review the literature regarding the BIM approach to sustainable construction of buildings considering the flat slab models.