bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine needle aspiration cytology of polymorphous adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands: A report of 11 patients and review of the literature
Authors: Jiménez‐Heffernan José A. , Rodríguez‐García Ana M. , González‐Peramato Pilar , López‐Ferrer Pilar , Muñoz‐Hernández Patricia , Gordillo Carlos H. , Viguer José M. , Vicandi Blanca 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPolymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) is a rare malignant tumor of the minor salivary glands. It has an infiltrative growth, variable architectural patterns, neurotropism and cellular monomorphism. Approximately 75% of the cases show a specific mutation in the protein kinase D1 (PRKD1) gene. Reflecting the rarity of the tumor and intraoral location, the cytologic experience is limited with few reported series. In this study we analyze our cytologic experience to determine if a preoperative diagnosis is possible.MethodsA retrospective study of 11 patients with PAC in which a cytologic study was available. A review of the literature was also performed.ResultsOur study shows that PAC has relatively constant cytological features. The analysis of the cytological literature although it shows some heterogeneity, also reveals repetitive cytological findings. Smears are cellular with irregular groups some showing pseudopapillary branching morphology. Monolayered clusters and small acinar structures are also present. Most cases have small metachromatic globules embedded within the groups determining a cylindromatous pattern. Tumoral cells are small and uniform with scarce to moderate cytoplasm. Nuclei are round and oval with occasional grooves and small nucleoli.ConclusionPAC has characteristic cytological features that together with its location in minor salivary gland must make us consider it preoperatively. It may resemble basal cell adenoma and epithelial‐rich pleomorphic adenoma so we should be cautious in the final diagnosis. Whenever possible, the characteristic cytomorphology of PCA should make us evaluate the mutational status of PRKD1 gene since it may permit a more accurate diagnosis.
The developmental precursors of blunted cardiovascular responses to stress
Authors: Loeb Emily L. , Davis Alida A. , Narr Rachel K. , Uchino Bert N. , Kent de Grey Robert G. , Allen Joseph P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBlunted cardiovascular responses to stress have been associated with both mental and physical health concerns. This multi‐method, longitudinal study examined the role of chronic social‐developmental stress from adolescence onward as a precursor to these blunted stress responses. Using a diverse community sample of 184 adolescents followed from age 13 to 29 along with friends and romantic partners, this study found that high levels of parental psychological control at age 13 directly predicted a blunted heart rate response and indirectly predicted blunted respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity under stress. Heart rate effects were mediated via indicators of a developing passive response style, including observational measures of withdrawal during conflict with friends and romantic partners, social disengagement, and coping with stressors by using denial. RSA effects were mediated via withdrawal during conflict with romantic partners and coping by using denial. The current findings are interpreted as suggesting a mechanism by which a key social/developmental stressor in adolescence may alter relational and ultimately physiological patterns of stress responding into adulthood.
Adolescent and Parent Perceptions about Participation in Biomedical Sexual Health Trials
Authors: Landers Sara E. , Francis Jenny K. R. , Morris Marilyn C. , Mauro Christine , Rosenthal Susan L. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTGiven the burden of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among adolescents who are legal minors, it is critical that they be included in biomedical sexual health trials to ensure that new prevention and treatment interventions are safe, effective, and acceptable for their use. However, adolescents are often not well represented in clinical trials. We provide an overview of the available evidence regarding adolescent and parent willingness for adolescents to participate in biomedical sexual health trials, parental involvement in the permission‐consent process, management of differences and discord among adolescents and parents, and parental involvement throughout the study period. We also outline recommendations for current practice and areas for future research.
Are shed hair genomes the most effective noninvasive resource for estimating relationships in the wild?
Authors: Khan Anubhab , Patel Kaushalkumar , Bhattacharjee Subhadeep , Sharma Sudarshan , Chugani Anup N. , Sivaraman Karthikeyan , Hosawad Vinayak , Sahu Yogesh Kumar , Reddy Goddilla V. , Ramakrishnan Uma 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Knowledge of relationships in wild populations is critical for better understanding mating systems and inbreeding scenarios to inform conservation strategies for endangered species. To delineate pedigrees in wild populations, study genetic connectivity, study genotype‐phenotype associations, trace individuals, or track wildlife trade, many identified individuals need to be genotyped at thousands of loci, mostly from noninvasive samples. This requires us to (a) identify the most common noninvasive sample available from identified individuals, (b) assess the ability to acquire genome‐wide data from such samples, and (c) evaluate the quality of such genome‐wide data, and its ability to reconstruct relationships between animals within a population.

We followed identified individuals from a wild endangered tiger population and found that shed hair samples were the most common compared to scat samples, opportunistically found carcasses, and opportunistic invasive samples. We extracted DNA from these samples, prepared whole genome sequencing libraries, and sequenced genomes from these.

Whole genome sequencing methods resulted in between 25%–98% of the genome sequenced for five such samples. Exploratory population genetic analyses revealed that these data were free of holistic biases and could recover expected population structure and relatedness. Mitochondrial genomes recovered matrilineages in accordance with long‐term monitoring data. Even with just five samples, we were able to uncover the matrilineage for three individuals with unknown ancestry.

In summary, we demonstrated that noninvasive shed hair samples yield adequate quality and quantity of DNA in conjunction with sensitive library preparation methods, and provide reliable data from hundreds of thousands of SNPs across the genome. This makes shed hair an ideal noninvasive resource for studying individual‐based genetics of elusive endangered species in the wild.
Pt‐doped NiO Nanoparticle‐Ionic Liquid Modified Electrochemical Sensor: A Powerful Approach for Determination of Epinine in the Presence of Phenylephrine as two Blood Pressure Raising Drugs
Authors: Tavana Toktam , Rezvani Ali Reza , Karimi‐Maleh Hassan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA new and progressive electroanalytical sensor was made by the incorporation of Pt‐doped NiO nanoparticle (Pt‐NiO‐NPs) into carbon paste electrode (CPE) amplified with 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (1H3MTFB) as a conductive binder. The Pt‐NiO‐NPs/1H3MTFB/CPE caused an extraordinary rise in the oxidation peak current of epinine (∼4.6 times) and simultaneous reduction in the oxidation over‐potential of catecholamine drug (∼120 mV). SWV method was employed to investigate the ability of Pt‐NiO‐NPs/1H3MTFB/CPE as an electroanalytical sensor in the determination of epinine in the presence of phenylephrine as two blood pressure raising drugs with ΔE=280 mV for the first time. Experimental results pertinent to SW voltammetric investigation reveal a linear relation between epinine and phenylephrine currents and drugs concentration in the rages 0.004–450 and 0.02–350 μM, respectively.
Improvement of chicken plasma protein hydrolysate angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory activity by optimizing plastein reaction
Authors: Gao Dandan , Guo Penghui , Cao Xin , Ge Lili , Ma Hongxin , Cheng Hao , Ke Yiqiang , Chen Shien , Ding Gongtao , Feng Ruofei , Qiao Zilin , Bai Jialin , Nordin Nurul I. , Ma Zhongren 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChicken plasma protein hydrolysate (CPPH) was prepared by trypsin with angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of 53.5% ± 0.14% and the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 16.22% ± 0.21% at 1 mg·ml−1; then, five proteases, including pepsin, trypsin, papain, alcalase, and neutrase, were employed to improve ACE inhibitory ability by catalyzing plastein reaction. The results indicated that trypsin‐catalyzed plastein reaction showed the highest ACE inhibitory activity. The exogenous amino acids of leucine, histidine, tyrosine, valine, and cysteine were selected to modify the CPPH. The leucine‐modified plastein reaction released the highest ACE inhibitory activity. The effects of four reaction parameters on plastein reaction were studied, and the optimal conditions with the purpose of obtaining the most powerful ACE inhibitory peptides from modified products were obtained by response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum ACE inhibition rate of the modified hydrolysate reached 82.07% ± 0.03% prepared at concentration of hydrolysates of 30%, reaction time of 4.9 hr, pH value of 8.0, temperature of 40°C, and E/S ratio of 5,681.62 U·g−1. The results indicated that trypsin‐catalyzed plastein reaction increased ACE inhibitory activity of chicken plasma protein hydrolysates by 28.57%.
Sustained delivery of alendronate by engineered collagen scaffold for the repair of osteoporotic bone defects and resistance to bone loss
Authors: Zeng Yuyang , Zhou Muran , Mou Shan , Yang Jie , Yuan Quan , Guo Liang , Zhong Aimei , Wang Jiecong , Sun Jiaming , Wang Zhenxing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResearches of biomaterials for osteoporotic bone defects focus on the improvement of its anti‐osteoporosis ability, due to osteoporosis is a kind of systemic and long‐range bone metabolism disorder. Nevertheless, how to steadily deliver anti‐osteoporosis drugs in osteoporotic bone defects is rarely studied. Reported evidences have shown that alendronate (Aln) is known to not only restrain osteoclasts from mediating bone resorption but also stimulate osteoblasts to regenerate bone tissue. Here, we developed an engineered implantable scaffold that could sustainably release Aln for osteoporotic bone defects. Briefly, Aln was added into 2% collagen (Col) solution to form a 5 mg/ml mixture. Then the mixture was filled into pre‐designed round models (diameter: 5 mm, height: 2 mm) and crosslinked to obtain engineered Col‐Aln scaffolds. The release kinetics showed that Aln was released at an average rate of 2.99 μg/d in the initial 8 days and could sustainably release for 1 month. To detect the repair effects of the Col‐Aln scaffolds for osteoporotic defects, the Col and Col‐Aln scaffolds were implanted into 5 mm cranial defects in ovariectomized rats. After 3 months, the cranial defects implanted with Col‐Aln scaffolds achieved more bone regeneration in defect area (11.74 ± 3.82%) than Col scaffold (5.12 ± 1.15%) (p < .05). Moreover, ovariectomized rats in Col‐Aln scaffold group possessed more trabecular bone in femur metaphysis than Col scaffold group as analyzed by Micro‐CT. This study demonstrated the engineered Col‐Aln scaffold has the potential to repair osteoporotic bone defects and resist bone loss in osteoporosis.
A homozygous missense mutation of WFS1 gene causes Wolfram's syndrome without hearing loss in an Iranian family (a report of clinical heterogeneity)
Authors: Torkamandi Shahram , Rezaei Somaye , Mirfakhraie Reza , Bayat Sahar , Piltan Samira , Gholami Milad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundWolfram's syndrome (WFS) is a hereditary (autosomal recessive) neurodegenerative disorder. The clinical features are related to diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness (DIDMOAD) with other variable clinical manifestations. Pathogenic variants in the WFS1 gene, encoding wolframin, are known to be the main cause of Wolfram's syndrome. In this study, we present the clinical and genetic characteristics of two WFS patients from an Iranian family.MethodsThe mutation screening was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct Sanger sequencing of all exons from two affected WFS.ResultsThe complete Sanger sequencing of the WFS1 gene detected a homozygous missense variant, c.2207G>A (p.Gly736Asp), in the eighth exon of the WFS1 gene. Both cases developed all the major symptoms of the disease, interestingly, except hearing loss.ConclusionsBecause of the rarity and clinical heterogeneity of WFS, the molecular genetic assay is essential to confirm the diagnosis and management of the WFS patients.
Electrosynthesis and catalytic activity of PbO2‐fluorinated surfactant composites
Authors: Velichenko Alexander , Luk'yanenko Tatiana , Shmychkova Olesia , Dmitrikova Larisa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of the potassium salt of nonafluorobutanesulfonic acid (C4F9SO3K) on the kinetic regularities of electrodeposition of lead dioxide (PbO2) from nitrate electrolytes has been investigated. Obtained results concerning synthesis and physicochemical properties can contribute substantially to a fundamental understanding of the relationship between coating structure and catalytic activity, important to all fields of catalysis.RESULTSThe introduction of C4F9SO3K into the PbO2 deposition electrolyte leads to insignificant inhibition of the Pb2+ electro‐oxidation process, whereas the mechanism of the process does not change. Upon deposition of coatings from electrolytes containing surfactants, a composite coating is formed. Depending on the electrolyte composition and electrolysis conditions, the surfactant content in the composite can vary from 2.00 ± 0.05 to 17.00 ± 0.05 wt%. The inclusion of surfactants in the coating composition with subsequent overgrowth with PbO2 leads to a decrease in the size of PbO2 crystals and prevents the formation of polycrystalline blocks. The composite material is a PbO2 matrix with submicron and nanoscale crystals into which surfactant particles are embedded.CONCLUSIONIt was shown that the electrocatalytic activity of composite PbO2‐surfactant materials depends on the nature and content of the latter in the composite. The use of PbO2 doped with C4F9SO3K as an anode leads to an inhibition of the process of oxygen evolution and an almost three‐fold increase in the rate of electrochemical conversion of 4‐chlorophenol to aliphatic compounds. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Are Risk Attitudes and Time Preferences Crucial Factors for Crop Diversification by Smallholder Farmers?
Authors: Sarwosri Arieska Wening , Mußhoff Oliver 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study examines whether the decision of crop diversification for perennial crops is based on risk attitudes and time preferences. We conducted incentivised field experiments with farmers only cultivating rubber and those cultivating rubber and oil palm. We utilised Holt and Laury task and Coller and William task. We found that farmers who cultivate two crops are more risk‐averse, indicating that they see crop diversification as a safer option for their farms. However, the discount rates of the two groups are not significantly different. These results provide relevant information for policymakers who intend to either encourage or discourage oil palm cultivation. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Differential interferon-γ production by naive and memory-like CD8 T cells
Authors: de Araújo-Souza Patrícia S , Hanschke Steffi C H , Nardy Ana Flavia F R , Sécca Cristiane , Oliveira-Vieira Barbara , Silva Karina L , Soares-Lima Sheila C , Viola João P B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
CD8 T cells play a crucial role in immune responses to virus infections and tumors. Naïve CD8 T lymphocytes after TCR stimulation undergo differentiation into CTLs and memory cells, which are essential sources of IFN-γ. We investigated IFN-γ production by CD8 T cell subsets found in nonimmune mice. A minor fraction of in vitro TCR-stimulated CD8 T cells produce IFN-γ, and it is regulated at the transcriptional level. Antigen inexperienced C57BL/6 mice present the coexistence of 2 populations. The main population exhibits a CD44lowCD122low profile, which is compatible with naïve lymphocytes. The minor expresses a phenotype of immunologic memory, CD44hiCD122hi. Both subsets are able to produce IL-2 in response to TCR activation, but only the memory-like population is responsible for IFN-γ production. Similar to memory CD8 T cells, CD44hiCD8+ T cells also present a higher level of the transcriptional factor Eomes and a lower level of T-bet (Tbx21) mRNA than CD44lowCD8+ T cells. The presence of the CD44hiCD8+ T cell population in nonimmune OT-I transgenic mice reveals that the population is generated independently of antigenic stimulation. CpG methylation is an efficient epigenetic mechanism for gene silencing. DNA methylation at posttranscriptional CpG sites in the Ifng promoter is higher in CD44lowCD8+ T cells than in CD44hiCD8+ T cells. Thus, memory-like CD8 T cells have a distinct epigenetic pattern in the Ifng promoter and can rapidly produce IFN-γ in response to TCR stimulation.
Stress aggravates and prolongs imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like epidermal hyperplasis and IL-1β/IL-23p40 production
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Ping , Zhang Lu , Fu Jing , Di Tingting , Li Ningfei , Meng Yujiao , Guo Jianning , Zhao Jingxia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Psoriasis is a common, chronic multifactorial inflammatory skin disease with both genetic and environmental components. A number of studies have suggested that psoriasis episodes are often preceded by stressful life events. Nevertheless, the underline mechanisms of stress in psoriasis remain unexplored. To address this question, we established an emotional stress mouse model induced by empty bottle stimulation, and applied imiquimod (IMQ), a ligand of TLR7/8 and effective potent immune activator, on the dorsal skin to induce psoriasis-like lesions. We found that empty bottles induced emotional stress exaggerated and prolonged psoriasiform dermatitis, which appeared as more prominent epidermal hyperplasia in the emotional stress mice compared with the control mice. Higher mRNA expression of Il-1β, Il-17a, and Il-22, as well as higher secretion of IL-1β, IL-12p40, IL-17, and IL-22 were observed in the skin lesion of emotional stress mice. The emotional stress condition and IMQ treatment synergistically led to higher expression levels of neurotransmitters and their receptors in the skin, especially substance P (SP), we also found that SP could stimulate DCs to secrete more IL-23p40 in vitro. In addition, NK-1R antagonist partially abrogated enhanced epidermal thickness and the level of neurotransmitters in emotional stress mice. Taken together, these results indicate that stress exacerbates and prolongs psoriasiform dermatitis in mice by up-regulating IL-1β and IL-23p40, which were related to local DCs stimulated by abnormal SP.
Frontline Science: Anthrax lethal toxin-induced, NLRP1-mediated IL-1β release is a neutrophil and PAD4-dependent event
Authors: Greaney Allison J , Portley Makayla K , O’Mard Danielle , Crown Devorah , Maier Nolan K , Mendenhall Megan A , Mayer-Barber Katrin D , Leppla Stephen H , Moayeri Mahtab 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) is a protease that activates the NLRP1b inflammasome sensor in certain rodent strains. Unlike better-studied sensors, relatively little is known about the priming requirements for NLRP1b. In this study, we investigate the rapid and striking priming-independent LT-induced release of IL-1β in mice within hours of toxin challenge. We find IL-1β release to be a NLRP1b- and caspase-1-dependent, NLRP3 and caspase-11-independent event that requires both neutrophils and peptidyl arginine deiminiase-4 (PAD4) activity. The simultaneous LT-induced IL-18 response is neutrophil-independent. Bone marrow reconstitution experiments in mice show toxin-induced IL-1β originates from hematopoietic cells. LT treatment of neutrophils in vitro did not induce IL-1β, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), or pyroptosis. Although platelets interact closely with neutrophils and are also a potential source of IL-1β, they were unable to bind or endocytose LT and did not secrete IL-1β in response to the toxin. LT-treated mice had higher levels of cell-free DNA and HMGB1 in circulation than PBS-treated controls, and treatment of mice with recombinant DNase reduced the neutrophil- and NLRP1-dependent IL-1β release. DNA sensor AIM2 deficiency, however, did not impact IL-1β release. These data, in combination with the findings on PAD4, suggest a possible role for in vivo NETs or cell-free DNA in cytokine induction in response to LT challenge. Our findings suggest a complex interaction of events and/or mediators in LT-treated mice with the neutrophil as a central player in induction of a profound and rapid inflammatory response to toxin.
Circulating inflammatory mediators as biomarkers of ocular toxoplasmosis in acute and in chronic infection
Authors: Marino Ana P M P , dos Santos Luara I , Henriques Priscilla M , Roffe Ester , Vasconcelos-Santos Daniel V , Sher Alan , Jankovic Dragana , Gomes Matheus S , Amaral Laurence R , Campi-Azevedo Ana C , Teixeira-Carvalho Andréa , Martins-Filho Olindo A , Gazzinelli Ricardo T , Antonelli Lis R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is highly endemic worldwide. In Brazil, depending on the geographical region and socioeconomic status, 40–70% of individuals become seropositive at some point in their lives. A significant proportion of Toxoplasma gondii-chronically infected individuals who are otherwise immunocompetent develop recurrent ocular lesions. The inflammatory/immune mechanisms involved in development of ocular lesion are still unknown and, despite previous investigation, there are no reliable immune biomarkers to predict/follow disease outcome. To better understand the impact of the immune response on parasite control and immunopathology of ocular toxoplasmosis, and to provide insights on putative biomarkers for disease monitoring, we assessed the production of a large panel of circulating immune mediators in a longitudinal study of patients with postnatally acquired toxoplasmosis stratified by the presence of ocular involvement, both at the early acute stage and 6 months later during chronic infection, correlating them with presence of ocular involvement. We found that T. gondii-infected patients, especially during the acute stage of the disease, display high levels of chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors involved in the activation, proliferation, and migration of inflammatory cells to injured tissues. In particular, major increases were found in the IFN-induced chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 in T. gondii-infected patients regardless of disease stage or clinical manifestations. Moreover, a specific subgroup of circulating cytokines and chemokines including GM-CSF, CCL25, CCL11, CXCL12, CXCL13, and CCL2 was identified as potential biomarkers that accurately distinguish different stages of infection and predict the occurrence of ocular toxoplasmosis. In addition to serving as predictors of disease development, these host inflammatory molecules may offer promise as candidate targets for therapeutic intervention.