bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of pincer nail deformity with 1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser
Authors: Daye Munise , Durmaz Koray 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPincer nail (PN) is a nail disorder that cannot resolve spontaneously and sometimes necessitates surgical intervention. The etiological factors and gold standard treatment for the PN are still uncertain. We present a 24‐year‐old woman suffering from the PN and were treated with 1064‐nm long‐pulsed Nd:YAG laser. There were PN deformities in the left and right thumbnails. The left one was treated with four sessions of 1064‐nm. Nd:YAG laser.
Differences in the response in the dermis of the tails of young and old SD rats to treatment with bipolar RF
Authors: Beltrán‐Frutos E. , Ferrer C. , Seco‐Rovira V. , Martínez‐Hernández J. , Serrano‐Sánchez M. I. , Pastor L. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe passing of the years is marked by intrinsic (chronological) and extrinsic aging, caused by photoaging, which is characterized by a decrease in collagen and the deposition of abnormal elastic fibers in the dermis. The use of bipolar radiofrequency (RF) increases fibroblast proliferation and differentiation, accompanied by collagen synthesis and a subsequent increase in connective tissue, and it is not known whether the biological effects of this type of radiofrequency on the dermis are similar regardless of the age of the individual or whether such effects are altered by the aging process itself.AimsThe objective was to perform a histological study of the changes in the tail dermis of young and old rats after submitting them to bipolar RF, to determine cell proliferation and volume of connective tissue.MethodsOne part of the rat tail was fixed in formol and processed for light microscopy and another part processed for electron microscopy.ResultsThe number of fibroblasts/unit area and cells positive to nuclear proliferation antigen was higher in young animals. Significant differences were observed regarding expression of HSP‐47 protein, and the value was always lower in old rats. No significant differences were observed in the percentage of connective tissue. No histological alterations were observed in any rats.ConclusionTreatment with RF increased the number of fibroblasts located in the connective tissue of the young rats. In addition, the effect of a single treatment on the population of fibroblasts in young animals was sufficient to activate the synthesis of new collagen.
The periplasmic domains of Vibriocholerae ToxR and ToxS are forming a strong heterodimeric complex independent on the redox state of ToxR cysteines
Authors: Gubensäk Nina , Wagner Gabriel E. , Schrank Evelyne , Falsone Fabio S. , Berger Tamara Margot Ismael , Pavkov‐Keller Tea , Reidl Joachim , Zangger Klaus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe transmembrane protein ToxR plays a key role in the virulence expression system of Vibrio cholerae. The activity of ToxR is dependent on its periplasmic sensor domain (ToxRp) and on the inner membrane protein ToxS. Herein, we present the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMR solution structure of the sensory ToxRp containing an intramolecular disulfide bond. The presented structural and dynamic experiments with reduced and oxidized ToxRp propose an explanation for the increased proteolytic sensitivity of reduced ToxR. Additionally, for the first time, we could identify the formation of a strong heterodimer complex between the periplasmic domains of ToxR and ToxS in solution. NMR interaction studies reveal that binding of ToxS is not dependent on the redox state of ToxR cysteines, and formed complexes are structurally similar. By monitoring the proteolytic cleavage of ToxRp with NMR, we additionally provide a direct evidence of ToxS protective function. Taken together our results suggest that ToxR activity is regulated by its stability which is, on the one hand, dependent on the redox states of its cysteines, influencing the stability of its fold, and on the other hand, on its interaction with ToxS, which binds independent on the cysteines and acts as a protection against proteases.
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of tinea capitis in northern Taiwan during 2014‐2019: An unusual bimodal distribution of patients and comparison of paediatric and adult cases
Authors: Wang Hsuan‐Ning , Shang Chuin‐Shee , Yang Shih‐Jyun , Shih I‐Hsin , Hui Chung‐Yee Rosaline , Yang Chin‐Yi , Lu Chun‐Wei , Sun Pei‐Lun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTinea capitis (TC) mainly occurs in children, and related studies in adults are rare. We aimed to investigate the current epidemiological, clinical and mycological characteristics of TC and to compare adult and paediatric patients in northern Taiwan. We conducted a retrospective study at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, from 2014 to 2019. The dataset included age, sex, records of underlying diseases, animal contact history, frequent hair salon visits, clinical patterns, treatment and outcome via chart or phone call reviews. The average ages of 72 children and 104 adults recruited were 6.0 and 74.0 years, respectively. A female predominance was noted in both groups, and the ratio of females was significantly higher in adults (94.2% vs 59.7%, P < .0001). Microsporum canis (76.4%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (11.1%) in children, and M. canis (49.0%) and T. violaceum (31.7%) in adults were the most common pathogens. Adults were more likely to be infected with T. violaceum (OR = 10.14, 95% CI = 2.04‐50.26) than children. In contrast, adults were less likely to be infected with M. canis than children (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.11‐0.90). Furthermore, adults visited hair salons more, had less animal contact and were more immunosuppressed than children. TC is not unusual in the adult population. Dermatologists are advised to realise risk factors such as immunosuppression and regular hair salon visit in adult TC.
A brief intervention to standardize postanesthetic clinical handoff
Authors: Njambi Margaret , Rawson Helen , Redley Bernice 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis naturalistic, pre‐ and post‐design study explored the feasibility and acceptability of a brief patient safety intervention to introduce a tool to standardize interdisciplinary communication processes at patient handoff between anesthetists and postanesthesia nurses in the postanesthetic care unit. Observation and interview data were collected pre‐ and post‐intervention from a convenience sample of 27 nurses and 23 anesthetists in a large tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Following the intervention, significant improvement was observed in nurses' performance of several patient safety behaviors, but trends in nurses' interdisciplinary communication behaviors such as asking questions and escalation of care were nonsignificant. This research provides evidence that tools to standardize clinical handoff communication may empower nurses to perform desired patient safety behaviors during interprofessional handoff. It underpins future research to explore strategies to empower nurses to advocate for patient safety during interdisciplinary communication, and provides a foundation for patient handoff improvement, education, and further research.
Vibration Analyses of an Axial Turbine Wheel With Intentional Mistuning
Authors: Beirow Bernd , Kühhorn Arnold , Weber Robby , Popig Frederik 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The last-stage bladed disk of a steam turbine is analyzed with respect to both flutter susceptibility and limitation of forced response. Due to the lack of variable stator vanes, unfavorable flow conditions may occur, which can lead to flow separation in some circumstances. Consequently, there is the risk of flutter in principle, particularly at nominal speed under part load conditions. For this reason, intentional mistuning is employed by the manufacturer with the objective to prevent any self-excited vibrations. A first step in this direction is done by choosing alternate mistuning, which keeps the manufactural efforts in limits since only two different blade designs are allowed. In this sense, two different series of blades have been made. However, it is well known that small deviations from the design intention are unavoidable due to the manufacturing procedure, which could be proved by bonk tests carried out earlier. The influence of these additional but unwanted deviations is considered in numerical simulations. Moreover, the strong dependence of blade frequencies on the speed is taken into account since centrifugal stiffening effects significantly attenuate the blade-to-blade frequency difference in this particular case. Focusing on the first flap mode, it could be shown that a mitigation of flutter susceptibility is achieved by prescribing alternate mistuning, which indeed evokes an increase of originally small aerodynamic damping ratios. Nevertheless, the occurrence of negative damping ratios could not be completely precluded at part load conditions. That is why optimization studies are conducted based on genetic algorithms with the objective function of maximizing the lowest aerodynamic damping ratios. Again, only two different blade designs are admitted. Finally, mistuning patterns could be identified causing a tremendous increase of aerodynamic damping ratios. The robustness of the solutions found could be proved by superimposing additional random mistuning.
Force Directed Design of a Voluntary Closing Hand Prosthesis
Authors: Herder Just L. , de Visser Hans 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the design of a body powered voluntary closing prosthetic hand. It is argued that the motion of the fingers before establishing a grip is much less relevant for good control of the object held than the distribution of forces once the object has been contacted. Based on this notion, the configurations of forces on the fingers and the force transmission through the whole mechanism were taken as point of departure for the design, rather than motion characteristics. For a good distribution of pinching forces on the object and a natural behavior, the prosthesis is made adaptive and flexible. To achieve good force feedback, the disturbing influences of the cosmetic glove are strongly reduced by a compensation mechanism. To further improve the transmission of forces, friction is reduced by furnishing the whole mechanism with rolling links. This force directed design approach has led to a simple mechanism with low operating force and good feedback of the pinching force.
Rapid Prototyping of Lower-Pair, Geared-Pair and Cam Mechanisms
Authors: Laliberté Thierry , Gosselin Clément M. , Côté Gabriel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a framework for the rapid prototyping of lower-pair, geared-pair and cam mechanisms using a commercially available CAD package and a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) rapid prototyping machine is presented. A database of lower kinematic pairs (joints) is developed experimentally. Geared-pair and cam mechanisms are also developed. These mechanisms are then used in the design of the prototypes. Examples are presented in order to demonstrate the potential of this technique. Physical prototypes can be of great help in the design of mechanisms by allowing the 3D visualization of the mechanism as well as providing an experimental validation of the geometric and kinematic properties.
Constraint Representation Based on Lie Algebra in a Kinematic Model and Synthesis of Mechanisms
Authors: Tokunaga Hitoshi , Imamura Satoshi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with a new method for structural synthesis of mechanisms in a conceptual design as follows: first, using the Lie algebra-based representation of constraint on degrees of freedom, we propose an analysis procedure of the degrees of freedom between components in mechanisms of mechanical products. Second, this analysis procedure makes it possible to propose a structural synthesis procedure. Third, in order to select one of the mechanisms generated by the synthesis procedure, we introduce the concept of manipulatability as a criterion for the evaluation. Finally, to evaluate the usefulness of the proposed method, it is applied to an example of structural synthesis.
Seismic velocity structure of the Queen Charlotte terrace off western Canada in the region of the 2012 Haida Gwaii Mw 7.8 thrust earthquake
Authors: Riedel M. , Yelisetti S. , Papenberg C. , Rohr K.M.M. , Côté M.M. , Spence G.D. , Hyndman R.D. , James T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA well-recorded Mw 7.8 megathrust earthquake occurred on 27 October 2012 under the Queen Charlotte terrace off the west coast of Haida Gwaii, western Canada. In this study, we supplement limited earlier seismic refraction work on the offshore velocity structure off Haida Gwaii with data from ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) operating between 6 December 2012 and 5 January 2013. The OBS recorded a portion of the aftershock sequence, and an active-source seismic survey was conducted in January 2013 to acquire seismic refraction data in the region of the Haida Gwaii earthquake across the Queen Charlotte terrace. P-wave velocity analyses using first-arrival tomography showed relatively shallow (2.0–3.0 km below seafloor) high-velocity material with values up to 4.0 km/s beneath the terrace. At the one OBS station seaward of the deformation front on the abyssal plain, refraction velocities of ∼4.5 km/s indicated the top of the oceanic plate at ∼1–2 km below the seafloor. At several OBS stations, converted shear-wave velocities were determined within the sediment cover using reflected arrivals. The S-wave velocities ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 km/s, and the corresponding P/S velocity ratio was between 3.0 and 4.2. The new refraction data confirm earlier interpretations of high-velocity material in the shallow terrace that may indicate fractured oceanic crustal material lies significantly above the location where a subducted slab is thought to occur under the terrace. Transpressive deformation of the Pacific plate may explain these observations.
Prevalence of peritonitis and mortality in patients with ESKD treated with chronic peritoneal dialysis in Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Okpechi Ikechi G , Ekrikpo Udeme , Moloi Mothusi W , Noubiap Jean Jacques , Okpechi-Samuel Ugochi S , Bello Aminu K 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to report the prevalence of peritonitis and mortality in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) treated with chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) in Africa.DesignSystematic review.SettingAfrica.ParticipantsPatients with ESKD in Africa.InterventionsPD in its varied forms.Primary and secondary outcomesPD-related peritonitis rate (primary outcome), time-to-discontinuation of PD, mortality.Data sourcesFour databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Africa Journal Online were systematically searched from 1 January 1980 to 31 December 2019.Eligibility criteriaStudies conducted in Africa reporting peritonitis rate and mortality in patients treated with PD.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers extracted and synthesised the data using Microsoft Excel. The quality of included data was also assessed.ResultsWe included 17 studies from seven African countries representing 1894 patients treated with PD. The overall median age was 41.4 years (IQR: 38.2–44.7) with a median time on PD of 18.0 months (17.0–22.6). An overall median peritonitis rate of 0.75 (0.56–2.20) episodes per patient-year (PPY) was observed and had declined with time; peritonitis rate was higher in paediatric studies than adult studies (1.78 (1.26–2.25) vs 0.63 (0.55–1.87) episodes PPY). The overall median proportion of deaths was 21.1% (16.2–25.8). Culture negative peritonitis was common in paediatric studies and studies that reported combined outcomes of continuous ambulatory PD and automated PD. Both 1-year and 2-year technique survival were low in all studies (83.6% and 53.0%, respectively) and were responsible for a high proportion of modality switch.ConclusionsOur study identifies that there is still high but declining peritonitis rates as well as low technique and patient survival in PD studies conducted in Africa. Sustained efforts should continue to mitigate factors associated with peritonitis in patients with ESKD treated with PD in Africa.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017072966.
Accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nava Chiara , Modiano Hedenmalm Astrid , Borys Franciszek , Hooft Lotty , Bruschettini Matteo , Jenniskens Kevin 
Published: December 2020

Background and objectivesContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) could be a valuable instrument for measurement of glucose concentration in preterm neonate. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the diagnostic accuracy of CGM devices to intermittent blood glucose evaluation methods for the detection of hypoglycaemic or hypoglycaemic events in preterm infants.Data sourcesA structured electronic database search was performed for studies that assessed the accuracy of CGM against any intermittent blood glucose testing methods in detecting episodes of altered glycaemia in preterm infants. No restrictions were used. Three review authors screened records and included studies.Data extractionRisk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. From individual patient data (IPD), sensitivity and specificity were determined using predefined thresholds. The mean absolute relative difference (MARD) of the studied CGM devices was assessed and if those satisfied the accuracy requirements (EN ISO 15197). IPD datasets were meta-analysed using a logistic mixed-effects model. A bivariate model was used to estimate the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve and extract the area under the curve (AUC). The overall level of certainty of the evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.ResultsAmong 4481 records, 11 were included. IPD datasets were obtained for five studies. Only two of the studies showed an MARD lower than 10%, with none of the five CGM devices studied satisfying the European Union (EU) ISO 15197 requirements. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of CGM devices for hypoglycaemia were 0.39 and 0.99, whereas for hyperglycaemia were 0.87 and 0.99, respectively. The AUC was 0.70 and 0.86, respectively. The certainty of the evidence was considered as low to moderate. Limitations primarily related to the lack of representative population, reference standard and CGM device.ConclusionsCGM devices demonstrated low sensitivity for detecting hypoglycaemia in preterm infants, however, provided high accuracy for detection of hyperglycaemia.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020152248.
Patency of arterial repairs from wartime extremity vascular injuries
Authors: Haney Lauren J , Bae Esther , Pugh Mary Jo V , Copeland Laurel A , Wang Chen-Pin , MacCarthy Daniel J , Amuan Megan E , Shireman Paula K 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundExtremity vascular injury (EVI) causes significant disability in Veterans of the Afghanistan/Iraq conflicts. Advancements in acute trauma care improved survival and decreased amputations. The study of wartime EVI has relied on successful limb salvage as a surrogate for vascular repair. We used imaging studies as a specific measure of arterial repair durability.MethodsService members with EVI were identified using the Department of Defense Trauma Registry and validated by chart abstraction. Inclusion criteria for the arterial patency subgroup included an initial repair attempt with subsequent imaging reports (duplex ultrasound, CT angiography, and angiogram) documenting initial patency.ResultsThe cohort of 527 included 140 Veterans with available imaging studies for 143 arterial repairs; median follow-up from injury time to last available imaging study was 19 months (Q1–Q3: 3–58; range: 1–175). Injury mechanism was predominantly explosions (52%) and gunshot wounds (42%). Of the 143 arterial repairs, 81% were vein grafts. Eight repairs were occluded, replaced or included in extremity amputations. One upper extremity and three transtibial late amputations were performed for chronic pain and poor function averaging 27 months (SD: 4; range: 24–32). Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated patency rates of 99%, 97%, 95%, 91% and 91% at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively, with similar results for upper and lower extremity repairs. Explosive and gunshot wound injury mechanisms had similar patency rates and upper extremity injuries repaired with vein grafts had increased patency.ConclusionsArterial repair mid-term patency in combat-related extremity injuries is excellent based on imaging studies for 143 repairs. Assertive attempts at acute limb salvage and vascular repair are justified with decisions for amputation versus limb salvage based on the overall condition of the patient and degree of concomitant nerve, orthopedic and soft tissue injuries rather than the presence of arterial injuries.Level of evidenceTherapeutic/care management, level IV.
Shadows of rotating Hayward–de Sitter black holes with astrometric observables
Authors: He Peng-Zhang , Fan Qi-Qi , Zhang Hao-Ran , Deng Jian-Bo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMotivated by recent work on rotating black hole shadow (Chang and Zhu in Phys Rev D 101:084029, 2020), we investigate the shadow behaviours of rotating Hayward–de Sitter black hole for static observers at a finite distance in terms of astronomical observables. This paper uses the newly introduced distortion parameter (Chang and Zhu in Phys Rev D 102:044012, 2020) to describe the shadow’s shape quantitatively. We show that the spin parameter would distort shadows and the magnetic monopole charge would increase the degree of deformation. The distortion will increase as the distance between the observer and the black hole increases, and distortion reduces as the cosmological constant increases. Besides, the increase of the spin parameter, magnetic monopole charge and cosmological constant will cause the shadows shrunken.
Off-shell $${\mathcal {N}}=(1,0)$$ linear multiplets in six dimensions
Authors: Atli Ugur , Guleryuz Omer , Ozkan Mehmet 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe provide a tensor calculus for n-number of $${\mathcal {N}}= (1,0)$$

N
=
(
1
,
0
)

linear multiplets in six dimensions. The coupling of linear multiplets is encoded in a function $${\mathcal {F}}_{IJ}$$

F

IJ

that is subject to certain constraints. We provide various rigid and local supersymmetric models depending on the choice of the function $${\mathcal {F}}_{IJ}$$

F

IJ

and provide an interesting off-diagonal superinvariant, which leads to an $$R^2$$

R
2

supergravity upon elimination of auxiliary fields.