bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
72 hour Holter monitoring, 7 day Holter monitoring, and 30 day intermittent patient-activated heart rhythm recording in detecting arrhythmias in cryptogenic stroke patients free from arrhythmia in a screening 24 h Holter
Authors: Kułach Andrzej , Dewerenda Milena , Majewski Michał , Lasek-Bal Anetta , Gąsior Zbigniew 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction
According to recent studies, silent atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cause of cryptogenic ischemic stroke (CIS). 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and 24 h Holter are not efficient to reveal an occult arrhythmic cause of stroke.

Objectives
The aim of the study was to evaluate 72 h Holter, 7 day Holter monitoring, and intermittent single-lead ECG recording in patients with CIS to identify cases with the arrhythmic cause of stroke in patients with CIS in whom 24 h ECG Holter was free from arrhythmia.

Methods
72 patients (aged 60 ± 9 years, 44 males) with CIS and no arrhythmic findings in 24 h Holter were enrolled. All patients had 7 day Holter monitoring and received handheld ECG recorder (CheckMe, Viatom) for ambulatory 30 ± 3 days ECG recording. AF, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT runs of ≥5 QRS), and other arrhythmias were assessed in the first 72 h of Holter recording, in 7 day-recording, and in handheld ECG strips.

Results
72 h-recording revealed AF in four cases (5.6%) and SVT in 18 (25%) cases. 7 day Holter confirmed AF in seven patients (10%) and SVT in 27 patients (37.5%). There was no difference in regards to CHADS2VASc score between patients with SVT and non-arrhythmic group (3.6 ± 1.1 vs 3.4 ± 1.6; p = NS). Symptoms did not correlate with findings. Patient-activated handheld ECG recorders were used with good compliance. The mean number of recordings was 49 ± 30. Except for PACs, there was only one case of AF documented in 3,531 strips.

Conclusions
7 day Holter performs better than 72 h and reveals supraventricular arrhythmias in every third and AF in 10% of CIS patients who were free from arrhythmia in 24 h ECG monitoring. 30 day intermittent ECG monitor does not yield diagnostic value in CIS.
School counselors’ role in supporting student voice initiatives in secondary schools
Authors: Voight Adam , King-White Dakota 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
School counselors play an integral role in supporting students academically, socially, and emotionally. However, due to various demands, school counselors often face time constraints that limit them from providing social and emotional support to students at the secondary level. In this case study, an analysis of qualitative interviews with 13 high school students and 20 administrators who participated in a student voice initiative in a large, urban school district showed that participating students gained social and analytic skills, and the initiative produced a more positive school climate. These outcomes align with those articulated in school counseling standards. Throughout the article, the researchers discuss a student voice initiative that was implemented district-wide, outcomes from the research study pertaining to the intervention, and implications for school counseling practices to support student voice initiatives at the secondary level.
Poly[bis(dimethylformamide-κO)-(μ8-5,5′′-dicarboxy-[1,1′:4′,1′′-terphenyl]-2′,3,3′′,5′-tetracarboxylato-κ8
O:O
1:O
2:O
3:O
4:O
5:O
6:O
7)dizinc(II)] — dimethylformamide (1/2), C18H19N2O8Zn
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Chen Guo , Liu Yanping , Wang Gao , Liu Liyu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
C18H19N2O8Zn, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 17.4714(12) Å, b = 10.9180(7) Å, c = 20.0697(14) Å, V = 3828.4(4) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0449, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1492, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of (E)-2-(5,5-dimethyl-3-(4-((7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4-yl)oxy)styryl)cyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)malononitrile, C25H19N5O4
Authors: Huang Haiqing , Xu Li 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
C25H19N5O4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.5952(11) Å, b = 9.4729(13) Å, c = 16.260(2) Å, α = 76.559(2)°, β = 87.394(2)°, γ = 73.886(2)°, V = 1092.9(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0433, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1293, T = 296(2) K.
The crystal structure of benzyl 3β-acetylglycyrrhetate, C39H54O5
Authors: Zhao Ruo-Lin , Wang Hui-Yun , Wang Xiao-Hui , Liu Li , Meng Qing-Guo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
C39H54O5, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 6.98138(17) Å, b = 37.9050(6) Å, c = 7.28644(16) Å, β = 117.789(3)°, V = 1705.82(8) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt (F) = 0.0326, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0872, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of tetrakis (N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-isopropylcarbamodithioato-κS,S′)-(μ2(2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)pyridine-κN,N′)dicadmium(II), C36H58Cd2N6O4S8
Authors: Yeo Chien Ing , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
C36H58Cd2N6O4S8, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.82927(4) Å, b = 11.64209(5) Å, c = 26.2493(1) Å, β = 95.6985(4)°, V = 2380.775(18) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0158, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0411, T = 100(2) K.
Principles of extinction learning of nonaversive experience
Authors: Uengoer Metin , Lissek Silke , Tegenthoff Martin , Manahan-Vaughan Denise , Lachnit Harald 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This review outlines behavioral and neurobiological aspects of extinction learning, with a focus on nonaversive experience. The extinction of acquired behavior is crucial for readaptation to our environment and plays a central role in therapeutic interventions. However, behavior that has been extinguished can reappear owing to context changes. In the first part of the article, we examine experimental strategies aimed at reducing behavioral recovery after extinction of nonaversive experience, focusing on extinction learning in multiple contexts, reminder cues, and the informational value of contexts. In the second part, we report findings from human imaging studies and studies with rodents on the neural correlates of extinction and response recovery in nonaversive learning, with a focus on ventromedial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and neurotransmitter systems.
Stress modulation of fear and extinction in psychopathology and treatment
Authors: Meir Drexler Shira , Merz Christian J. , Jentsch Valerie L. , Wolf Oliver T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The glucocorticoid cortisol, a major player in the development of stress-related psychopathology, can also be used for the augmentation of extinction-based psychotherapies (e.g., exposure therapy). Substantial evidence supports its beneficial effects in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and specific phobias. In this review, we first present the role of stress and cortisol in the development of maladaptive emotional memories. Then, we describe the mechanisms that may account for the cortisol-induced augmentation of exposure, namely, the enhancement of extinction memory consolidation and the reduction of the contextual dependency of the extinction memory. Finally, we discuss several considerations and limitations for the use of cortisol in psychotherapy, focusing on the possible adverse effects of cortisol in a reconsolidation-based (as opposed to extinction-based) intervention.
Examining the Relationship between Different Types of Information Disclosure of Foundations and Chinese Donations
Authors: Lin Zhijun , Li Ying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The philanthropy industry in China has rapidly advanced in the past few decades and become more prominent in importance. In this study, we examine and compare how the disclosure of different types of information of Chinese foundations is associated with donations by exploiting a unique dataset from the China Foundation Center (CFC). Specifically, we explore a unique index of transparency on information disclosure or the Foundation Transparency Index (FTI) provided by the CFC and investigate how the donations from Chinese donors are associated with the disclosure of foundation’s basic information, its financial information, project information and its governance information. We find that Chinese donations are more sensitive to foundation’s governance information disclosure. These findings have important policy implications for both Chinese policy makers and practitioners in the industry. Specifically, the results lend strong support to advocating for the imposition of more mandatory regulations on the disclosure of foundation information, especially the governance information.
Gender, language and prejudice: Implicit sexism in the discourse of Boris Johnson
Authors: Sunderland Jane 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile linguistic prejudice is commonly understood to concern individuals or social groups because of the way they speak, we can also see it as damaging language usedaboutindividuals or social groups. In this article, I start by looking at the traditional sociolinguistic understanding of linguistic prejudice, then go on to look rather widely at various forms of prejudicial/sexist language aboutwomen. In doing so, I identify various lexical asymmetries and associated “lexical gaps”. The main part of the article takes this further by exploring how certain insults to men draw on an understood prejudice again women. I illustrate this with a “telling case”: three naturally occurring examples of prejudicial, sexist language recently used by British prime minister Boris Johnson:big girl’s blouse,man upandgirly swot. For all three to work, they draw on what we might call a discourse of “Women as ineffectual”. I conclude with a discussion of intentionality as regards this sort of prejudicial language use, what it is intended to achieve and how it can be resisted.
Greek Gospels and Aramaic Dead Sea Scrolls: Compositional, Conceptual, and Cultural Intersections
Authors: Perrin Andrew B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Aramaic Dead Sea Scrolls expanded the scope of authoritative and parascriptural traditions that reimagine the lives and times of ancestral figures. In several cases, these Aramaic writings include birth notices or narratives. The Genesis Apocryphon and Aramaic Levi Document portray the patriarchs receiving divine revelations regarding the genealogy and destiny of their progeny. Parents in both texts respond with awe yet keep the knowledge to themselves, reflecting on it in their “heart.” This article brings the revelatory tradition and terminology of the Aramaic Dead Sea Scrolls to bear on Mary’s responses to claims of Jesus’ messianic potential (Luke 2:19) and otherworldly paternity (Luke 2:51). The study underscores the importance of the Qumran Aramaic texts for evaluating Lukan special material and points to the relevance of these writings for recovering the Second Temple contexts of the thought, practice, and literature of the early Jesus movement. The focused case study concludes with methodological recommendations for renewed joint research on Qumran and emerging Christianity. The prescribed approach strives to avoid both “parallel-o-mania” and “parallel-o-phobia” by accounting for the complex compositional, conceptual, and cultural dynamics of both collections.
The Decline of US Power and the Future of Conflict Management after Covid
Authors: Skaperdas Stergios 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The US’s ability to project power in Eurasia has been declining for some time. With the pandemic accelerating that decline, reviving international institutions of conflict management becomes urgent. Enhancing the UN and other atrophied international organizations, and negotiating treaties on nuclear arms issues, cyber warfare, space warfare, and new weapons are measures that have become necessary for minimizing the chance of nuclear catastrophe as well as reducing the likelihood of other wars.
Economics and the Covid Pandemic in the UK
Authors: Hartley Keith 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Covid is a virus which has been dominated by medical experts offering different views on its causes and treatments. But the virus has economic dimensions which need to be explored. Specifically, trade-offs arise between population safety and prosperity. Protecting the population from the virus required the economy to be closed leading to job losses, plant closures and poverty for some groups in society.
The other virus: Covid-19 and violence against civilians
Authors: Anderton Charles H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article analyzes how Covid-19 might affect the risk of violence against civilians (VAC) in two ways. First, I glean from Armed Conflict Location and Event Data the quantity and types of Covid-related VAC attacks. Second, I present possible economic channels by which Covid could affect mass atrocity risk. I apply the channels to identify possible Covid-related economic risks for VAC in Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Fabrication of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene porous implant for bone application
Authors: Olalde Beatriz , Ayerdi-Izquierdo Ana , Fernández Rubén , García-Urkia Nerea , Atorrasagasti Garbiñe , Bijelic Goran 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Porous implants play a crucial role in allowing ingrowth of host connective tissue and thereby help in keeping the implant in its place. With the aim of mimicking the microstructure of natural extracellular matrix, ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) porous samples with a desirable pore size distribution were developed by combining thermally induced phase separation and salt leaching techniques. The porous UHMWPE samples consisted of a nanofibrous UHMWPE matrix with a fibre diameter smaller than 500 nm, highly interconnected, with a controllable pore diameter from nanoscale to 300 µm. Moreover, a porous UHMWPE sample was also developed as a continuous and homogeneous coating onto the UHMWPE dense sample. The dense/porous UHMWPE sample supported human foetal osteoblast 1.19 cell line proliferation and differentiation, indicating the potential of porous UHMWPE with a desirable pore size distribution for bone application. An osseointegration model in the sheep revealed substantial bone formation within the pore layer at 12 weeks via SEM evaluation. Ingrown bone was more closely opposed to the pore wall when compared to the dense UHMWPE control. These results indicate that dense/porous UHMWPE could provide improved osseointegration while maintaining the structural integrity necessary for load-bearing orthopaedic application.
Effects of lamellar microstructure of retinoic acid loaded-matrixes on physicochemical properties, migration, and neural differentiation of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells
Authors: Ghorbani Farnaz , Ghalandari Behafarid , Ghorbani Farimah , Zamanian Ali 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this study, retinoic acid loaded-PLGA-gelatin matrixes were prepared with both freeze-casting and freeze-drying techniques. Herein, the effect of unidirectional microstructure with tunable pores on release profile, cellular adhesion, migration, and differentiation was compared. Morphological observation determined that highly interconnected porous structure can be formed, but lamellar pore channels were observed in freeze-casting prepared constructs. The absorption ratio was increased, and the biodegradation rate was decreased as a function of the orientation of microstructure. The in-vitro release study illustrated non-Fickian release mechanism in both methods, so that erosion has predominated over diffusion. Accordingly, PLGA-gelatin scaffolds prepared with freeze-drying technique showed no adequate erosion due to the rigid structure, while freeze-casting one presented more favorable erosion. Microscopic observations of adhered P19 embryonic cells on the scaffolds showed that the freeze-casting matrixes with unidirectional pores provide a more compatible microenvironment for cell attachments and spreading. Besides, it facilitated cell migration and penetration inside the structure and may act as guidance for neuron growth. Improvement in the expression of neural genes in unidirectionally oriented pores proved the decisive role of contact guidance for nerve healing. It seems that the freeze-cast PLGA-gelatin-retinoic acid scaffolds have initial features for nerve tissue regeneration studies.
Experimental investigations on compressive, impact and prediction of stress-strain of fly ash-geopolymer and portland cement concrete
Authors: S Nagajothi , S Elavenil 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The recent technology of geopolymer concrete is a substitute material for ordinary portland cement concrete which is produced from the polycondensation reaction of aluminosilicate materials with alkaline activator solutions. The cost of river sand is high since the demand for the same is also high. Manufactured sand is used as a replacement material for river sand in geopolymer concrete. This paper mainly focuses to find the properties of fly ash (FA) – based geopolymer concrete under ambient cured temperature like compressive strength, stress strain behaviour, modulus of elasticity, Poission’s ratio and impact resistance. The result of geopolymer concrete is compared with ordinary portland cement concrete. The elasticity modulus and Poission’s ratio of geopolymer concrete are lower than conventional concrete. The Stress-strain behaviour of geopolymer concrete is similar to conventional concrete. The impact resistance of geopolymer concrete is very good when compared with conventional concrete.
99mTc-citrate-gold nanoparticles as a tumor tracer: synthesis, characterization, radiolabeling and in-vivo studies
Authors: Essa Basma M. , El-Mohty Ahmed A. , El-Hashash Maher A. , Sakr Tamer M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Targeted drug delivery system can reduce the side effects of high drug concentration by improving drug pharmacokinetics at lower doses. Citrate-gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a drug delivery system were synthesized via green nanotechnology technique to be used as a new imaging platform for tumor targeting. Citrate-AuNPs were synthesized with core size of 10 nm. Citrate-AuNPs were labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) with radiochemical yield of 95.20 ± 2.70% with good in-vitro stability in both saline and human serum and well in-vivo studied in both normal and solid tumor bearing mice. The in-vivo biodistribution study of [99mTc]Tc-citrate-AuNPs in solid tumor bearing mice (as preliminary study) showed a high accumulation in tumor site with tumor/muscle of 4.35 ± 0.22 after 30 min post injection. The direct intratumoral (I.T) injection of [99mTc]Tc-citrate-AuNPs showed that this complex was retained in the tumor up to 77.86 ± 1.90 % at 5 min and still around 50.00 ± 1.42 % after 30 min post injection (p.i.). The newly presented nano-platform could be presented as a new potential radiopharmaceutical tumor imaging probe.
Highly Sensitive and Robust Capillary Electrophoresis-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry: Interfaces, Preconcentration Techniques and Applications
Authors: Wu Huanming , Tang Keqi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) through electrospray ionization (ESI) is a promising alternative technique to liquid chromatography-ESI-MS (LC-ESI-MS) due to its high separation efficiency and high detection sensitivity. A sensitive and robust interface is essential in CE-ESI-MS. Continued development of CE-ESI-MS interfaces in the last decade, including junction-at-the-tip interfaces and sheathless interfaces, has improved the sensitivity and robustness of CE-ESI-MS significantly. The limited loading capacity of CE, one of major reasons that limits the utility of CE as a routine separation method, has also been addressed effectively by the use of in-capillary sample preconcentration techniques, such as transient CITP/CZE and dynamic pH junction. CE-ESI-MS could yield higher sensitivity as compared with the conventional LC-ESI-MS, and, therefore, is capable of identifying more proteins and peptides when the sample amount is very limited, such as single cell analysis. To improve the protein sequence coverage, CE-ESI-MS can also be used as a complementary technique to LC-ESI-MS, or combined with reversed phase LC to form a two dimensional separation technique. CE-ESI-MS is also effective in quantifying targeted peptides/proteins in complex bio-matrix.
Kinetics of leaching: a review
Authors: Faraji Fariborz , Alizadeh Amirhossein , Rashchi Fereshteh , Mostoufi Navid 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Kinetics, as a fundamental requirement of nearly all industrial activities and engineering researches, plays a great role in leaching processes. Although there are many pieces of research on its application, there is not a clear pathway for investigating the kinetics of leaching and researchers usually follow different strategies in their studies. The conventional investigation techniques, which usually do not consider the mixed mechanisms and possibility of any change in the mechanism, normally include many calculations, plots, and inadequate capabilities to detect changes in the controlling mechanism of leaching. In this review, the main mathematical models of leaching and all possible scenarios are presented and discussed. The effect of various leaching parameters (including leaching agent, temperature, particle size, agitation, and solid to liquid ratio) on the rate of dissolution is summarized. Besides, two main approaches of rate determination step (single controlling mechanism and combined resistances method) are described and compared by reporting related equations and suitable examples. A technique to detect any changes in the leaching controlling mechanism is introduced and the alternatives to confirm the results are described. Additional models and equations were suggested for the cases that there is no agreement between data and the conventional models. Also, situations which are ignored in simple models (e.g., reversibility of the leaching reactions, adsorption and desorption of leached species, influence of charge and surface potential, existence of multiple reactants in the solid, galvanic effect, wide particle size distribution, etc.) to develop more legalistic models are discussed. Considering various possible mechanisms in the kinetics of leaching, equations are derived for industrial leaching reactors.
Fragmentation of brain apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and its relevance in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Amponsah Asiamah Ernest , Feng Baofeng , Guo Ruiyun , Zhang Wei , He Jingjing , Kong Desheng , Dong Tianyu , Ma Jun , Cui Huixian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very common cause of dementia in the elderly. It is characterized by progressive amnesia and accretions of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of neurons and senile plaques in the neuropil. After aging, the inheritance of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon 4 (ε4) allele is the greatest risk factor for late-onset AD. The ApoE protein is the translated product of the ApoE gene. This protein undergoes proteolysis, and the resulting fragments colocalize with neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques, and for that matter may be involved in AD onset and/or progression. Previous studies have reported the pathogenic potential of various ApoE fragments in AD pathophysiology. However, the pathways activated by the fragments are not fully understood. In this review, ApoE fragments obtained from post-mortem brains and body fluids, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, are discussed. Additionally, current knowledge about the process of fragmentation is summarized. Finally, the mechanisms by which these fragments are involved in AD pathogenesis and pathophysiology are discussed.
Methods of variational data assimilation with application to problems of hydrothermodynamics of marine water areas
Authors: Agoshkov Valery I. , Lezina Natalia R. , Parmuzin Eugene I. , Sheloput Tatiana O. , Shutyaev Victor P. , Zakharova Natalia B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA series of problems related to the class of inverse problems of ocean hydrothermodynamics and problems of variational data assimilation are formulated in the present paper. We propose methods for solving the problems studied here and present results of numerical experiments.