bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Adventitial Fibroblast Phenotype Depends on the Progression of Changes in Substrate Stiffness
Authors: Scott Rebecca A. , Robinson Karyn G. , Kiick Kristi L. , Akins Robert E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdventitial fibroblasts (AFs) are major contributors to vascular remodeling and maladaptive cascades associated with arterial disease, where AFs both contribute to and respond to alterations in their surrounding matrix. The relationships between matrix modulus and human aortic AF (AoAF) function are investigated using poly(ethylene glycol)‐based hydrogels designed with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐sensitive and integrin‐binding peptides. Initial equilibrium shear storage moduli for the substrates examined are 0.33, 1.42, and 2.90 kPa; after 42 days of culture, all hydrogels exhibit similar storage moduli (0.3–0.7 kPa) regardless of initial modulus, with encapsulated AoAFs spreading and proliferating. In 10 and 7.5 wt% hydrogels, modulus decreases monotonically throughout culture; however, in 5 wt% hydrogels, modulus increases after an initial 7 days of culture, accompanied by an increase in myofibroblast transdifferentiation and expression of collagen I and III through day 28. Thereafter, significant reductions in both collagens occur, with increased MMP‐9 and decreased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1/‐2 production. Releasing cytoskeletal tension or inhibiting cellular protein secretion in 5 wt% hydrogels block the stiffening of the polymer matrix. Results indicate that encapsulated AoAFs initiate cell‐mediated matrix remodeling and demonstrate the utility of dynamic 3D systems to elucidate the complex interactions between cell behavior and substrate properties.
Site‐Controlled Uniform Ge/Si Hut Wires with Electrically Tunable Spin–Orbit Coupling
Authors: Gao Fei , Wang Jian‐Huan , Watzinger Hannes , Hu Hao , Rančić Marko J. , Zhang Jie‐Yin , Wang Ting , Yao Yuan , Wang Gui‐Lei , Kukučka Josip , Vukušić Lada , Kloeffel Christoph , Loss Daniel , Liu Feng , Katsaros Georgios , Zhang Jian‐Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSemiconductor nanowires have been playing a crucial role in the development of nanoscale devices for the realization of spin qubits, Majorana fermions, single photon emitters, nanoprocessors, etc. The monolithic growth of site‐controlled nanowires is a prerequisite toward the next generation of devices that will require addressability and scalability. Here, combining top‐down nanofabrication and bottom‐up self‐assembly, the growth of Ge wires on prepatterned Si (001) substrates with controllable position, distance, length, and structure is reported. This is achieved by a novel growth process that uses a SiGe strain‐relaxation template and can be potentially generalized to other material combinations. Transport measurements show an electrically tunable spin–orbit coupling, with a spin–orbit length similar to that of III–V materials. Also, charge sensing between quantum dots in closely spaced wires is observed, which underlines their potential for the realization of advanced quantum devices. The reported results open a path toward scalable qubit devices using nanowires on silicon.
Screen‐Printed Flexible Strain Sensors with Ag Nanowires for Intelligent and Tamper‐Evident Packaging Applications
Authors: Ke Sheng‐Hai , Guo Pan‐Wang , Pang Chuan‐Yuan , Tian Bin , Luo Cheng‐Sheng , Zhu He‐Ping , Wu Wei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe printed electronic technology, a simple, low‐cost, and high‐throughput method, exhibits great potential applications in various fields, particularly in intelligent and tamper‐evident packaging. In this study, an all‐printed flexible sensor is prepared for sensing tamper‐evident packaging by screen printing the water‐based silver nanowires (Ag NWs) conductive ink onto a polyethylene terephthalate substrate. This bendable sensor shows a corresponding variation relationship between the resistance of the Ag NWs layer and bending angles. In addition, it presents a stable resistance sensitivity at the bending angles of 45°, 90°, and 135°. The mechanisms of different printed structures on the sensitivity of the sensor have been discussed. The results show that the straight‐line sensor with a linewidth of 2.0 mm has the best sensitive performance (the gauge factors at bending angles of 45°, 90°, and 135° are 37.1, 39.3, and 39, respectively). Moreover, the sensor exhibits a long‐term mechanical cyclic stability (no apparent decay after 1000 bending cycles) and excellent adhesion performance (no distinct increase in resistance after 20 times). Because of the excellent sensing performance, the Ag NWs‐based flexible sensor can accurately detect the opening status of the packaging, showing promising potential for practical tamper‐evident applications.
A Review and Perspective on Cathodoluminescence Analysis of Halide Perovskites
Authors: Guthrey Harvey , Moseley John 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHalide perovskite solar cells have achieved a certified efficiency of 25.2%, surpassing CdTe and CuInGaSe2, which have long been regarded as the most‐efficient thin‐film photovoltaic materials. As this exciting class of materials continues to mature, researchers will require characterization techniques capable of exposing the interplay among structure, chemistry, and optoelectronic properties to inform processing strategies and increase both device efficiencies and long‐term stability. Cathodoluminescence microscopy is an ideal technique to provide such information due to the high spatial resolution and robust optical information acquired. Here, the current body of work related to cathodoluminescence analysis of halide perovskite materials for optoelectronic applications is surveyed. This review demonstrates how cathodoluminescence can monitor degradation due to environmental stressors, phase segregation resulting from material processing, and other halide perovskite‐centric material issues. A persistent concern associated with e‐beam‐based analysis of halide perovskites is what effect the electron beam has on the material properties being probed. Addressing this, a detailed discussion is provided on the origin of the cathodoluminescence signal and a review of studies focused on revealing changes in the properties of halide perovskites resulting from e‐beam excitation. Finally, a perspective on future opportunities to expand the role of cathodoluminescence analysis for halide perovskites is provided.
Impacts of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy “Greening” Reform on Agricultural Development, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Services
Authors: Hristov Jordan , Clough Yann , Sahlin Ullrika , Smith Henrik G. , Stjernman Martin , Olsson Ola , Sahrbacher Amanda , Brady Mark V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has had limited success in mitigating agriculture's environmental degradation. In this paper we simulate the impacts of the 2013 “greening” reform on biodiversity and ecosystem services in environmentally contrasting landscapes. We do this by integrating an agent‐based model of structural change with spatial ecological production functions, and show that the reform will likely fail to deliver substantial environmental benefits. Our study implies that greening measures need to be tailored to local conditions and priorities, to generate environmental improvements. Such spatial targeting of measures is though incompatible with the design of a common direct payments scheme.
Ethylene regulatory treatment effects on annual bluegrass survival of freezing temperature and ice cover
Authors: Laskowski Kevin , Merewitz Emily 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnnual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a golf course turfgrass species, often in a mixed stand with creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Annual bluegrass is more susceptible to ice cover damage than creeping bentgrass. The objective was to determine how fall applications of promotive (1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid [ACC] or ethephon) or inhibitory (ReTain or aminoethoxyvinylglycine [AVG]) substances to ethylene production influence turfgrass quality, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), ethylene production, canopy respiration rates, and recovery from ice encasement under field and/or growth chamber conditions. The field was monitored for fall quality and acclimation parameters, and the growth chamber study was used for ice treatments and recovery of annual bluegrass only, the winter‐sensitive species. Under field conditions, ethephon application increased ethylene production and whole plant respiration of both annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass, and decreased turf quality and NDVI when compared to controls. Ethylene inhibition treatments did not affect turf quality, respiration or NDVI when compared to the untreated controls, but AVG treated annual bluegrass had greater ethylene production than the untreated controls after 35 and 42 d of treatment. In the growth chamber experiment, ethephon decreased annual bluegrass regrowth, while ReTain improved annual bluegrass regrowth after 40 or 80 d of exposure to −4°C with or without ice cover. Treatments that inhibit turfgrass canopy ethylene production may be viable methods to improve annual bluegrass winter survival of ice encasement conditions, and may have no negative effects on creeping bentgrass. Testing these treatments for ice survival under field conditions is still needed.
Aeromedical retrieval for suspected appendicitis in rural and remote paediatric patients
Authors: Harwood Abby , Black Sarah , Sharma Pritish , Bishop Lara , Gardiner Fergus W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this paper was to describe the characteristics of paediatric patients who underwent an aeromedical retrieval within Australia (gender and Indigenous status) for suspected appendicitis between 1 July 2014 and 30 June 2018 (4 years). By understanding these trends, we hope to further justify the need for point‐of‐care ultrasound training for clinicians working in rural and remote Australia.MethodParticipants included Royal Flying Doctor Service (RFDS) patients aged 0–18 years (inclusive) who underwent an aeromedical retrieval for suspected appendicitis within Australia. Data were collected and coded on each patient’s inflight working diagnosis, using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification (ICD‐10‐AM) coding method. A combination of descriptive statistics and chi‐square analyses was used in data analysis, with significance considered at <0.05.ResultsThere were 384 children with a working diagnosis of suspected appendicitis, including 191 (49.7%) males and 193 (50.3%) females, with 133 (34.6%) patients identifying as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (hereafter referred to as Indigenous) Australians. The aeromedical retrievals were from rural and remote locations to inner‐regional or metropolitan hospitals, with an average distance flown of 339.0 (SD = 206.4) kilometres. The RFDS most frequently retrieved for acute appendicitis (n = 159; 41.4%), acute abdominal pain (n = 127; 33.1%), and unspecified appendicitis (n = 84; 21.9%). There were non‐significant (P = 0.9) diagnostic differences between genders. Non‐Indigenous patients were overrepresented, compared with Indigenous patients, in relation to a transfer with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis (P = <0.01), whereas Indigenous patients were overrepresented, compared with non‐Indigenous patients, in relation to transfers with diagnoses of acute abdomen pain and unspecified appendicitis (P = <0.01).ConclusionA significant number of paediatric patients are aeromedically retrieved from rural and remote locations with a diagnosis of appendicitis or acute abdominal pain. Future research should consider whether training in abdominal point‐of‐care ultrasound reduces retrievals.
Photoluminescent Ferroelastic Molecular Crystals
Authors: Seki Tomohiro , Feng Chi , Kashiyama Kentaro , Sakamoto Shunichi , Takasaki Yuichi , Sasaki Toshiyuki , Takamizawa Satoshi , Ito Hajime 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFerroelasticity has been reported for several types of molecular crystals, which show mechanical‐stress‐induced shape change under twinning and/or spontaneous formation of strain. Aiming to create materials that exhibit both ferroelasticity and light‐emission characteristics, we discovered the first examples of ferroelastic luminescent organometallic crystals. Crystals of arylgold(I)(N‐heterocyclic carbene)(NHC) complexes bend upon exposure to anisotropic mechanical stress. X‐ray diffraction analyses and stress‐strain measurements on these ferroelastic crystals confirmed typical ferroelastic behavior, mechanical twinning, and the spontaneous build‐up of strain. A comparison with single‐crystal structures of related gold‐NHC complexes that do not show ferroelasticity shed light on the structural origins of the ferroelastic behavior.
Rational Design of a Two‐Photon Fluorogenic Probe for Visualizing Monoamine Oxidase A Activity in Human Glioma Tissues
Authors: Fang Haixiao , Zhang Hang , Li Lin , Ni Yun , Shi Riri , Li Zheng , Yang Xuekang , Ma Bo , Zhang Chengwu , Wu Qiong , Yu Changmin , Yang Naidi , Yao Shao Q. , Huang Wei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMonoamine oxidases have two functionally distinct but structurally similar isoforms (MAO‐A and MAO‐B). The ability to differentiate them by using fluorescence detection/imaging technology is of significant biological relevance, but highly challenging with available chemical tools. Herein, we report the first MAO‐A‐specific two‐photon fluorogenic probe (F1), capable of selective imaging of endogenous MAO‐A enzymatic activities from a variety of biological samples, including MAO‐A‐expressing neuronal SY‐SY5Y cells, the brain of tumor‐bearing mice and human Glioma tissues by using two‐photon fluorescence microscopy (TPFM) with minimal cytotoxicity.
Catalytic Enantioselective Benzilic Ester Rearrangement
Authors: Wu Hua , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report the first examples of catalytic enantioselective benzilic ester rearrangement reaction. In the presence of a catalytic amount of Cu(OTf)2 and a chiral box ligand under mild conditions, reaction of 2,3‐diketoesters with alcohols afforded structurally diverse α‐aryl(alkyl) substituted‐α‐hydroxy malonates (tartronic esters) in good to excellent yields with high enantioselectivities. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that hemiketalization, rather than the dynamic kinetic resolution of hemiketal, was the enantiodetermining step under our reaction conditions.
CF3SO2Na as a Bifunctional Reagent: Electrochemical Trifluoromethylation of Alkenes Accompanied by SO2 Insertion to Access Trifluoromethylated Cyclic N‐Sulfonylimines
Authors: Li Zheng , Jiao Lingcong , Sun Yunhai , He Zeying , Wei Zhonglin , Liao Wei‐Wei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn unprecedented electrochemical trifluoromethylation/SO2 insertion/cyclization process has been achieved in an undivided cell in an atom‐economic fashion. The protocol relies on tandem cyclization of N‐cyanamide alkenes by using Langlois’ reagent as a source of both CF3 and SO2 under direct anodically oxidative conditions, in which two C−C bonds, two C−X bonds (N−S and S−C), and two rings were formed in a single operation. This transformation enabled efficient construction of various trifluoromethylated cyclic N‐sulfonylimines from readily accessible materials.
Spontaneous Synthesis of Silver‐Nanoparticle‐Decorated Transition‐Metal Hydroxides for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Li Xiaopeng , Zhong Cheng , Zhao Naiqin , Deng Yida , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Wenbin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe fabrication of metal‐supported hybrid structures with enhanced properties typically requires external energy input, such as pyrolysis, photolysis, and electrodeposition. In this study, silver‐nanoparticle‐decorated transition‐metal hydroxide (TMH) composites were synthesized by an approach based on a spontaneous redox reaction (SRR) at room temperature. The SRR between silver ions and TMH provides a simple and facile route to establish effective and stable heterostructures that can enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. Ag@Co(OH)x grown on carbon cloth exhibits outstanding OER activity and durability, even superior to IrO2 and many previously reported OER electrocatalysts. Experimental and theoretical analysis demonstrates that the strong electronic interaction between Ag and Co(OH)2 activates the silver clusters as catalytically OER active sites, effectively optimizing the binding energies with reacted intermediates and facilitating the OER kinetics.
Effect of Alkyl Groups in Pyrene Chromophore on the Mechanical Response of Pyrene‐Octafluoronaphthalene Co‐Crystals
Authors: Iwasaki Takanori , Murakami Shin , Takeda Youhei , Tohnai Norimitsu , Kambe Nobuaki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChanges in the photophysical properties of pyrene (Py)‐octafluoronaphthalene (OFN) co‐crystals (Py⋅OFN) upon mechanical stimuli are described herein. The Py⋅OFN co‐crystal showed a mechano‐induced bathochromic shift in emission, and a similar tendency was observed for the 1,3,6,8‐tetramethylpyrene‐OFN co‐crystal. These shifts are due to disruption of the microscopic molecular orientation in the co‐crystal, which allows for excimer formation. In sharp contrast to the parent Py⋅OFN and methyl‐substituted Py‐OFN co‐crystals, no mechano‐induced bathochromic shift was observed when longer alkyl chains were introduced to the 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, and 8‐positions of the Py chromophore. This photophysical opposability against mechanical stimuli could be explained by the orthogonally oriented alkyl groups on the Py ring, which existed between two Py cores like pillars. This fixed OFN to maintain the face‐to‐face alternatively stacked structure of the co‐crystal and thus prevented the formation of the Py excimer. The pillar effect demonstrated herein provides a rational design for co‐crystalline systems that are photophysically stable against mechanical stresses.
Polyaniline/Pure Carbon Assemblies as Efficient Self‐standing Metal‐free Oxygen Electrodes in Alkaline Media for Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zhang You , Liu Jie , Fang Zhengsong , Lin Xiaofeng , Zhang Wenchao , Yu Dingshan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA facile design and fabrication of self‐standing metal‐free polyaniline (PANI)@carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite membrane was initially proposed by straightforward noncovalent wrapping the polymer around pure CNTs. Without introduction of extra heteroatoms into CNTs, the optimized PANI@CNTs composite exhibits a much better electrocatalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) than pure CNTs via favorable interfacial modification with PANI to largely expose the active sites of on the surface of pure CNTs. Besides, it displays good oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance. When directly utilized as bifunctional air electrode without extra additive agents, the composite membrane‐enabled rechargeable Zn‐air batteries not only deliver a high peak power density (201.9 W g−1) and a large energy density (850.3 Wh kgZn−1), but also present robust cycling performance for 216 cycles with a high energy efficiency of 57.8%.
An observational study of the inner core structure of Typhoon Meranti (2016) near landfall
Authors: Zhang Xiping , Tang Jie , Wu Chenfeng , Wu Dan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen passing by Taiwan, Typhoon Meranti (2016) was deflected northwards and shrank on infrared images, while its intensity maintained above 50 m⋅s–1 with the radius of maximum wind (RMW) smaller than 30 km. In this paper, satellite and ground‐based dual‐Doppler data were adopted to document Meranti's inner core evolution after its interaction with Taiwan's topography. It was found that the eyewall of Meranti was highly asymmetric on radar reflectivity with maximum on the down motion left side during its landfalling stage in Taiwan Strait, whereas the environmental vertical shear (about 3 m⋅s–1) was not favorable for asymmetry of this strength. As Meranti was very close to Taiwan's southern tip when passing by, its deep convection distribution, especially part on the down motion right side, was impaired by the topography of Central Mountain Range, thus contributed to this asymmetry. The eyewall at 1645 UTC was examined in detail, and it was found that the primary circulation with weaker azimuth perturbations remained intact at this time, while vertical circulation differed with direction. Besides, there was a low level northeast‐southwest flow through the eye, same as the direction of Taiwan Strait. Perhaps this radial inflow, along with the primary circulation, had contributed to the maintenance of asymmetry in reflectivity, so the eyewall did not recover in the Strait despite the weak wind shear. In addition, stronger storm‐relative wind asymmetry in the mid‐troposphere was observed. This wind asymmetry was in favor of track deflection, so was the diabatic heating associated the rainfall asymmetry. The channel wind, along with downslope wind from Taiwan, may help to maintain the intensity of Meranti and the smaller RMW, which needed further investigation with high resolution numerical models.
Bayesian estimation and prediction for the transformed Wiener degradation process
Authors: Giorgio Massimiliano , Postiglione Fabio , Pulcini Gianpaolo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes some Bayesian inferential procedures for the transformed Wiener (TW) process, a new degradation process that has been recently suggested in the literature to describe degradation phenomena where degradation increments are not necessarily positive and depend stochastically on the current degradation level. These procedures have been expressly conceived to allow one incorporating into the inferential process the type of prior information, on meaningful physical characteristics of the observed degradation process, that is generally available in practical settings. Several different prior distributions are proposed, each of them reflecting a specific degree of knowledge on the observed phenomenon. Simple strategies for eliciting the prior hyper‐parameters from the available prior information are provided. Estimates of the TW process parameters and some functions thereof are retrieved by adopting a Monte Carlo Markov Chain technique. Procedures that allow predicting the degradation increment, the useful life of a new unit, and the remaining useful life of a used unit are also provided. Finally, an application is developed on the basis of a set of real degradation measurements of some infrared light‐emitting diodes, widely used in communication systems. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed Bayesian approach and the flexibility of the TW process.
Growth of Lattice Coherent Co9S8/Co3O4 Nano‐Heterostructure for Maximizing the Catalysis of Co‐Based Composites
Authors: Peng Dongdong , Zhang Bowei , Wu Junsheng , Huang Kang , Cao Xun , Lu Yu , Zhang Yong , Li Chaojiang , Huang Yizhong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGas purging during electrodeposition has significant influence on microstructures and compositions of materials. Co−Mn LDH was electrodeposited on Ni foam without gas purging. In contrast, the product grown by electrodeposition with N2 purging changes to Co9S8/Co3O4 heterostructure with the assistance of annealing. This remarkable distinction is mainly due to the decrease of concentration of hydroxide ions (produced by the reduction of NO3−) near electrode surface where the ion transport is remarkably enhanced by N2 purging. The heterostructure has shown superior performance for water splitting, especially for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The 250 mV overpotential (@ 10 mA ⋅ cm−2) and 73.54 mV ⋅ dec−1 Tafel slope required for OER are lower than that of the state‐of‐the‐art Co‐based composites. It has also demonstrated excellent durability in alkaline media indicating its promising potential for practical application in industry.