bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five Year Retrospective and Current Prevalence of Malaria in Bunkure Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: S. Bukhari A. , M. Yayo A. , T. Dabo N. , Safiyanu M. , Ado A. , R. Hussain B. , J. Gambo M. 
Published: January 2020

Background: Malaria is one of the most severe public health problems worldwide, particularly in Africa, with Nigeria having the greatest number of cases. This study evaluated a five-year (2012-2016) retrospective and a current trend (August-December 2017) of malaria prevalence in Bunkure Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria.
Methods: The retrospective review was conducted by extracting data on malaria cases from the Summary Record Book at Bunkure Primary Health Care Facility. In the current survey, a total of 400 participants were examined using peripheral blood sample obtained by venous puncture to estimate the current malaria prevalence. All data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Results: In the retrospective period, a total of 12,387 suspected malaria patients were diagnosed using Rapid Diagnostic Test kit, out of which 9,746 (78.7%) were positive for malaria. The infection was higher in females (45.27%) and in subjects above or equal to 5years of age. There was no significant difference in prevalence between the gender (P= 0.322) and the age groups (P = 0.630). Of the 400 participants examined, 193 were found positive for malaria, representing a prevalence rate of (48.3%), much lower than the prevalence rate in the retrospective period (78.7%). The higher prevalence of the infection was found in males (32.25%) and the age group between 5-12 years (14.25%). The difference in prevalence was statistically not significant between the genders (p = 0.87) and the age groups (p = 0.142).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, there was a significant decline (P < 0.05) in trend of malaria prevalence in the study area, which may be attributed to the effectiveness of the ongoing control interventions in the locality. This study indicates the need for continuous monitoring of malaria prevalence using both microscopy and RDT for assessment of impact of malaria intervention in the area.
Activated Carbon
Authors: Çeçen Ferhan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Activated carbon is a material finding wide use in the environmental, industrial, and other fields for removal, recovery, separation, and modification of a variety of species in liquid‐ and gas‐phase applications. First, the historical development of activated carbon is briefly delineated. Then, the basic production principles of activated carbon from different types of raw materials by carbonization, thermal, and chemical activation procedures are discussed. Information is provided on various forms of activated carbon (powdered activated carbon (PAC), granular activated carbon (GAC), etc.). The physicochemical structure of activated carbon is discussed with regard to porous structure, surface area, and functional groups. The adsorptive, reductive, and catalytic properties of activated carbon as well as its synergistic effects in biological systems are delineated. Information is presented about the basic physicochemical and adsorptive parameters used for the characterization of activated carbon. Examples of various standards are given for testing and evaluating activated carbon. The applications of activated carbon in the treatment of drinking water, groundwater, municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater; remediation of contaminated groundwater and soil, air and gas cleaning, solvent recovery, and industrial production are outlined. Some special applications such as biogas purification and natural gas storage are also included. Information is provided on the handling and reactivation of spent activated carbon. A brief information is given about the evaluation of activated carbon by life‐cycle assessment. Finally, information is provided about worldwide production and prospects.
Ferrite Isolators
Authors: Bayard Bernard , Sauviac Bruno , Vincent Didier 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Signal processing requires specialized functions such as isolators particularly in the microwave range where wave propagation can easily be corrupted. The main applications of isolators as well as their characteristics are described. Some waveguide and planar microwave ferrite devices based on Faraday effect, field displacement, or gyroresonance are then reviewed. For a better understanding of the functioning of such devices, microwave properties of ferrite materials are presented. The ferromagnetic resonance and the resulting nonreciprocal effects are also explained. Finally, recent developments in the use of hard ferrites and in magnetic films technology are discussed.
High‐Frequency Transmission Lines
Authors: Teixeira Fernando L. , da Rosa Guilherme S. , Radhakrishnan Kaladhar , Chew Weng C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Transmission lines are used to guide electromagnetic waves from one place to another. They are used for many types of applications; the most common application in high frequencies is the transmission of signals, either digital or analog. In this case, high‐frequency transmission lines are often designed to maximize the operable frequency bandwidth and minimize the attenuation of the signals. The former preserves the quality of the signal being transmitted, while the latter increases the maximum possible distance of transmission.
Examples of high‐frequency transmission lines include coaxial cables, optical fibers, microstrip lines, and hollow waveguides. Transmission of signals is not always limited to physically long lines. Some high‐frequency transmission lines are also used for short‐distance transmission as, for example, those used to transmit signals within a computer or to feed an antenna from its source. This chapter discusses various types of high‐frequency transmission lines used in RF and microwave applications and the various propagation mechanisms behind their operation.
Priming and task‐specific training for arm weakness post stroke: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: King Erin C. , Schauer Jacob M. , Prabhakaran Shyam , Wax Alexandra , Urday Sebastian , Madhavan Sangeetha , Corcos Daniel M. , Stoykov Mary Ellen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this work was to evaluate if task‐specific training (TST) preceded by bilateral upper limb motor priming (BUMP) reduces upper limb impairment more than TST preceded by control priming ([CP], sham electrical stimulation) in people with chronic stroke.MethodsIn this single‐blind, randomized controlled trial, 76 adults with moderate to severe upper limb hemiparesis ≥6 months post‐stroke were stratified by baseline impairment and randomized to receive either BUMP or CP prior to receiving the same TST protocol. Participants completed 30 h of treatment in 15 days over 6 weeks. The primary outcome was change in Fugl‐Meyer upper extremity (FMUE) from baseline to 8‐week follow‐up. We also report clinically meaningful response rates defined as a change in FMUE score of 6 points or greater.ResultsIn response to treatment, both groups improved to a significant extent at follow‐up, exceeding the FMUE minimum clinically important difference. Those in BUMP and CP saw a mean change of 5.68 (SE 0.76, p < 0.001) and 5.87 (SE 0.76, p < 0.001) respectively. There was no significant difference between treatment arms (mean difference of −0.20 (95% CI = [−2.37, 1.97], SE = 1.08, p = 0.86)). A response of ≥6 points was observed in 46% in BUMP and 50% in CP.InterpretationThere was no beneficial effect of BUMP. The magnitude of change seen in both groups reflects the largest improvement achieved with just 22.5 h of TST in this population, matching or out‐performing more invasive, time‐intensive, and costly interventions proposed in recent years.
Multitasking Asynchronous Collaborative Nanosystem for Diabetic Wound Healing Based on Hypoglycemic, Antimicrobial, and Angiogenesis‐Promoting Effects
Authors: Ren Jun , Wang Chaoli , Gao Hao , Lu Shuaikun , Fu Congxiao , Wang Hu , Wang Guoliang , Zhu Zhenfeng , Wu Hong , Luo Wen , Zhang Yunfei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common and serious complication of diabetes. This complication can result in amputation and death because of the several challenges associated with wound healing that can be attributed to the complex wound microenvironment, including biofilm infection, hyperglycemia, and diabetic angiopathy. Existing investigations on the wound‐healing rate consider only one or two pathogenic factors, and therefore, despite the extensive research on these pathological microenvironments, there is an urgent need to optimize the wound‐healing rate in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. To this end, a multitasking asynchronous collaborative nanosystem is designed in this study. The designed nanosystem can efficiently clear biofilm infections using optimized photodynamic therapy based on a poly photosensitizer ionic liquid (i.e., Ce6IL), reduce local blood glucose concentration using glucose oxidase, and reconstruct blood vessels by stimulating endothelial cell proliferation and migration using nitric oxide. The experimental results indicate that the three‐step sequential collaboration strategy for clearing biofilm infections, reducing glucose concentrations, and reconstructing damaged blood vessels can help significantly accelerate wound healing rate in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.
Synthesis of Chiral 2‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐(tetrahydroquinolinyl)‐4H‐chromenes via Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Amination
Authors: Wang Bangzhong , Sun Luyang , Zhang Pengyue , Zhang Shuaibo , Zhao Jinfeng , Qu Jingping , Zhou Yuhan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA new strategy for the construction of chiral 4H‐chromene skeleton via Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric amination of 2H‐chromene was reported. A series of chiral 2‐trifluoromethyl‐4H‐chromenes containing 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline unit were synthesized in moderate to good yields with excellent enantioselectivity, the method serves as an effective supplement to the construction of chiral 4H‐chromene skeleton.
Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum Neuron‐Specific Enolase in Niemann‐Pick Disease Type C1
Authors: Padilla Cameron J. , Alexander Derek M. , Labor Desiree A. , Albert Orsolya K. , Robbins Kendall P. , Berry‐Kravis Elizabeth , Porter Forbes D. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNiemann‐Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) is an ultra rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired intracellular cholesterol trafficking. This study assessed neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) as a biomarker for disease status and treatment response in individuals with NPC1. We also evaluated the concordance between serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NSE measurements. A total of 34 individuals with NPC1 were included in this analysis. Overall, 10 participants were used to compare concurrent samples of CSF and serum NSE. NSE levels were correlated with indexes of disease severity (Annual Severity Increment Score [ASIS] and age of neurological onset) and disease burden (NPC Neurological Severity Score [NSS]). NSE was elevated in CSF, but paired CSF/serum samples were not correlated (rs = −0.16, p = 0.64). Additionally, no significant correlations were observed between serum NSE levels and clinical measures of either disease burden or severity. CSF NSE values showed a significant positive association with the ASIS (rs = 0.37, p = 0.0291) but no association with age of neurological onset or NPC NSSs. Longitudinal analysis of nine participants showed a significant (p = 0.0317) decrease in CSF NSE levels after initiation of intrathecal 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (IT HPβCD) therapy. This study suggests that CSF NSE may have some utility as a biomarker in NPC1 therapeutic trials.
Identification of Architectural Roman Remains in the Complex Archaeological Site of Buto ‘Tell El Fara'in’, Northern Egypt, Using Geophysical and Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Abouarab Mohamed A. R. , Ibrahim Amin , Eldosouky Ahmed M. , Aboalkassim Ibrahim , Younes Ali , El‐Qady Gad , Abbas Abbas Mohamed , El‐hemaly Ibrahim Aly , Awad Ahmed , Wilson Penelope , Elfadaly Abdelaziz , Lasaponara Rosa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe integrated use of remote sensing (RS) techniques, vertical magnetic gradient (VMG) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements, and, in particular, combined analysis of 2D and 3D data, can provide a viable option for the identification of targets of interest at complicated archaeological sites. In this regard, a case study is Kom C at the archaeological site of Buto (Tell El Fara'in) in the northern Nile Delta (Egypt), where satellite data (Google Earth, Landsat 8 and OrbView‐3), VMG and ERT measurements were collected prior to site excavation. In this particular case, soil salinity in the buried structures, a lack of contrast in magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity, as well as the orientation, complex spatial distribution and overlapping of the architectural elements, all contributed to a number of anomalies that were difficult to interpret using only 2D results. Initially, the archaeological remains were identified as being made of mud‐brick based on land surface temperature (LST) estimated from thermal bands (Bands 10 and 11) in Landsat 8. Then, the high‐resolution satellite data, as well as the VMG and ERT (2D, quasi‐3D and full 3D resistivity models), were integrated to produce a comprehensive map of buried archaeological features. Excavations by Kafrelsheikh University in collaboration with the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities recovered archaeological remains, including architectural elements that were perhaps used for official or administrative purposes or pottery‐making workshops during the Late Roman period (between the 4th and 7th century ce). The direct comparison of geophysical results to archaeological evidence from the excavation enabled a robust interpretation of geophysical anomalies visible in the horizontal resistivity depth slice and magnetic maps. As a whole, this case study highlights the value of combining satellite data with the analysis of 2D data and 3D views of geophysical surveys to better understand the real distribution of buried archaeological remains at similar complex sites.
An Aromatic Proton Transfer to the o‐Amine Function: A Naphthoquinonyne Intermediate and Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Mukherjee Souvik , Ghosh Sourav , Ghosh Keya , Ghosh Prasanta 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe article reports a hitherto‐unknown aromatic proton transfer (APT) to the o‐amine function chelated to manganese(II) ion and disintegration of the molecule generating an aryne intermediate. The reaction of (NQ)‐NH(AQ) (o‐HLH) with manganese(II) acetate in boiling DMF generates [MnII(o‐HL−)2], where the o‐HLH ligands undergo disintegration forming manganese(II) complexes of AQ and an 1,4‐naphthoquinonyne intermediate based on benzoquinone ring, that has been defined as [NQ‐2H] (NQ and AQ abbreviate respectively 1,4‐naphthoquinone and 8‐aminoquinoline fragments). The fragmentation reaction of o‐HLH depends on the metal precursor used, solvent and temperature. A [3+2] cycloaddition of [NQ‐2H] with another o‐HLH affords a carbazolequinone, L[NQ‐2H]. Self‐dimerization and coupling with maleic anhydride by a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction and [4+2] cycloaddition reactions of [NQ‐2H] with furan and isoprene were authenticated by ESI mass spectrometry. Notably, the similar reaction with o‐ClLH generates manganese(II) complexes of o‐ClLH where no disruption reaction was realized. In MeOH, no APT reaction was accomplished. No such reactions were substantiated even with manganese(II) perchlorate and manganese(II) chloride salts.
High Efficiency and Narrow‐Band Green Emission in Eu2+ and Mn2+ Co‐Doped Na2MgAl10O17 Phosphor for Backlight Display Application
Authors: Wu Xiaodeng , Liang Yujun , Liu Zeqian , Chen Gang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWide color gamut display has become a new generation of display technology because of its good color saturation. However, the low quantum efficiency and wide half peak width of narrow‐band green phosphors are still the main barriers in their development and application. This work addresses these challenges by using Mn2+ as the luminescent center and constructing efficient Eu2+ → Mn2+ energy transfer in Na2MgAl10O17 (NMAO) matrix. The NMAO:0.15Eu2+, 0.30Mn2+ phosphor presents a single‐band emission peaking at 513 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of only 33 nm under the excitation of 365 nm LED chip. In addition, under the excitation wavelength of 365 nm, the energy transfer efficiency reaches 74%. Compared with the NMAO:0.30Mn2+, the intensity of the NMAO:0.15Eu2+, 0.30Mn2+ increases by 5.5 times and the internal quantum efficiency is up to 61.82%. A white LED device with the CIE coordinates of (0.2871, 0.3472) and a color gamut area of 94% NTSC has been assembled successfully by combining 365 nm LED chips with NMAO:0.15Eu2+, 0.30Mn2+, BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+, and K2SiF6:Mn4+ as green, blue, and red component. This work enriches the relevant content of Mn2+‐doped phosphors and provides a constructive insight into improving luminescent performance through energy transfer.
The potential of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound to apply the long‐term ovary protection from injury induced by 4‐vinylcyclohexene diepoxide through inhibiting granulosa cell apoptosis
Authors: Deng Juan , Qin Juan , Song Guolin , Li Chenghai , Tang Wentao , Tang Yilin , Xiao Xinfang , Wu Liu , He Sicheng , Zhou Yiqing , Li Junfen , Wang Yan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe potential of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in regulating ovarian function has been demonstrated; however, there is a lack of scientific evidence regarding the long‐term efficacy of LIPUS in treating ovarian injury and understanding its regulatory mechanisms. In this study, 4‐vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) was used to induce ovarian injury in rats, and LIPUS was applied to target the damaged ovarian tissues. The research aimed to investigate the long‐term protective effect of LIPUS against ovum toxicity induced by VCD and elucidate the associated molecular mechanisms. During the experiment, HE staining was employed for observing the morphology and structure of the ovary, while protein sequencing was utilized for identifying and confirming the molecular mechanism through which LIPUS restores the damaged ovarian structure. The long‐term effectiveness of LIPUS in protecting against ovarian injury was evaluated through ELISA, estrous cycle monitoring, fertility testing, and behavioral analysis. The results indicated that LIPUS effectively restored the structure of damaged ovaries. Both in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that this protective effect may be attributed to LIPUS inhibiting apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) by regulating Daxx‐mediated ASK1/JNK signaling pathway. Subsequent functional tests demonstrated significant improvements in sex hormone secretion and regulation of estrous cycle within 6 cycles following LIPUS treatment. Additionally, there was a notable increase in offspring numbers after mating. Behavioral analysis revealed that LIPUS effectively alleviated menopausal symptoms resulting from ovarian injury including mood fluctuations, cognitive behavior changes, and reduced muscle excitability levels. These findings suggest that beneficial effects of LIPUS may help reduce VCD‐induced ovarian damage with long‐term efficacy.
Atypical Acute Ischemic Choriocapillaritis: A Case Report
Authors: Shariati Mehrdad Motamed , Shoeibi Nasser , Yaghoubi Mariye 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOptical coherence tomography angiography is a valuable tool for evaluating acute ischemic choriocapillaritis. Tuberculosis and syphilis are the main secondary differentials..
Establishment of a Quantitative Method for the Extraction of Nicotine and Cotinine in Gingival Tissue and Relationship Between Gingival Intoxication With Conventional Smoking Biomarkers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Salhi Leila , Hazout Samuel , Van hede Dorien , Lambert France , Charlier Corinne , Deville Marine 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesSmoking is considered a major risk factor for periodontitis genesis and progression. In clinical studies, specific indicators have been used to characterize the smoking status of the patient as the number of cigarettes consumed (NCC), the pack‐years (PY), or Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). However, available literature is missing on the relationship between cotinine gingival intoxication and smoking indicators. First, the development of a quantitative method for the extraction of nicotine and cotinine in gingival tissue. Second, to investigate the relationship between gingival intoxication and conventional smoking biomarkers.Material and MethodsFourteen smoker patients were included in the study. After clinical data collection, salivary and gingival samples collection, toxicological analyses were performed using liquid extraction after enzymatic digestion (subtilisin) and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS).ResultsGingival cotinine quantification was successfully performed in 14 samples (100%) with a mean of 0.280 ng/mg (range = 0.094–0.505). Only FTND was statistically associated with gingival cotinine levels (p = 0.0072; r² = 0.60). Gingival nicotine quantification was achieved in 12 of the 14 gingival samples (86%) with a mean of 0.384 ± 1.00 ng/mg (range = 0.03–3.84). Gingival nicotine was statistically associated with NCC (p = 0.032; r² = 0.55), PY (p = 0.0011; r² = 0.76), and FTND (p = 0.016; r² = 0.60). Salivary nicotine and cotinine levels were statistically associated with, respectively, NCC (p = 0.030; r² = 0.34), and NCC (p = 0.0094; r² = 0.63) + PY (p = 0.0078; r² = 0.64).ConclusionsThis pilot study established a quantitative extraction method for nicotine and cotinine from human gingival samples. Additionally, FTND was associated with gingival cotinine. However, further large‐scale studies are needed to confirm the relationship between nicotine dependence and gingival intoxication.
Improving Redox Activity of Colloidal Plasmonic‐Magnetic Nanocrystals by Chemical State Modulation
Authors: Cho Chiao‐Ting , Yeh Yi‐Jui , Veeramuthu Loganathan , Kuo Chi‐Ching , Tung Kuo‐Lun , Chiang Wei‐Hung 
Published: December 2024

AbstractControlling the redox ability is crucial for optimizing catalytic processes in clean energy, environmental protection, and CO2 reduction, as it directly influences the reaction efficiency and electron transfer rates, driving sustainable and effective outcomes. Here, we report the plasma‐electrified synthesis of composition‐controlled FeAu bimetallic nanoparticles, specifically engineered to enhance the redox catalytic performance through precise tuning of their chemical states. Utilizing atmospheric‐pressure microplasmas, FeAu nanoparticles were synthesized under ambient conditions without the need for reducing agents or organic solvents, thereby providing a green and sustainable approach. The catalytic activity of the FeAu nanoparticles was significantly influenced by the oxidation states of Au (Au0, Au+, and Au3+), which were carefully modulated by adjusting the precursor concentration. This precise tuning directly affects the oxidation‐reduction potential (ORP) of the nanoparticles, driving their superior degradation performance. The FeAu‐1.52 sample exhibited the highest normalized rate constant (k=46.3 s−1 g−1), attributed to an optimal Au+/Au0 ratio that facilitates efficient electron transfer and redox cycling during the catalytic reduction of 4‐NP to 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP). Beyond 4‐NP, the FeAu nanoparticles demonstrated robust catalytic degradation of multiple dye pollutants, including Congo Red, Rhodamine B, Methyl Blue, and Methylene Blue, showing their versatility and potential for industrial wastewater treatment. This study elucidates the critical role of chemical state tuning in determining redox performance and presents a promising nanotechnology platform for sustainable environmental remediation.