bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The absence of functional bassoon at cone photoreceptor ribbon synapses affects signal transmission at Off cone bipolar cell contacts in mouse retina
Authors: Babai Norbert , von Wittgenstein Julia , Gierke Kaspar , Brandstätter Johann Helmut , Feigenspan Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimOff cone bipolar cells of the mammalian retina connect to cone photoreceptor synaptic terminals via non‐invaginating flat contacts at a considerable distance from the only established neurotransmitter release site so far, the synaptic ribbon. Diffusion from the ribbon synaptic active zone is considered the most likely mechanism for the neurotransmitter glutamate to reach postsynaptic receptors on the dendritic tips of Off cone bipolar cells. We used a mutant mouse with functionally impaired photoreceptor ribbon synapses to investigate the importance of intact ribbon synaptic active zones for signal transmission at Off cone bipolar cell contacts.MethodsWhole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings from Off cone bipolar cells in a horizontal slice preparation of wildtype (Bsnwt) and mutant (BsnΔEx4/5) mouse retina were applied to investigate signal transmission between cone photoreceptors and Off cone bipolar cells. The distribution of postsynaptic glutamate receptors in Off cone bipolar cell dendrites was studied using multiplex immunocytochemistry.ResultsTonic synaptic activity and evoked release were significantly reduced in mutant animals. Vesicle replenishment rates and the size of the readily releasable pool were likewise decreased. The precisely timed transient current response to light offset changed to a sustained response in the mutant, exemplified by random release events only loosely time‐locked to the stimulus. The kainate receptor distribution in postsynaptic Off cone bipolar cell dendritic contacts in BsnΔEx4/5 mice was largely disturbed.ConclusionOur results suggest a major role of functional ribbon synaptic active zones for signal transmission and postsynaptic glutamate receptor organization at flat Off cone bipolar cell contacts.
Chemical composition, characteristics concerned with fermentative quality and microbial population of ensiled pearl millet and sorghum stover in semi‐arid West Africa
Authors: Cai Yimin , Du Zhumei , Yamasaki Seishi , Jethro Delma B. , Man Nignan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo effectively utilize crop by‐product resources for ruminant feed in semi‐arid West Africa, we studied the chemical composition, characteristics concerned with fermentative quality, and microbial population of ensiled pearl millet stover (PMS) and sorghum stover (SS) in Mozambique. After panicle harvest, the PMS and SS were exposed in the field for 7, 21, 35, 49, 63, 77, 91, and 120 days under natural weather conditions. The fresh stover silages were prepared and stored for 120 days. With increased exposure time, the dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, and neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen contents increased, whereas the crude protein, ether extract, gross energy, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, and true protein contents decreased. After 120 days of field exposure, aerobic bacteria dominated both stovers, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) decreased to below detectable levels. After 120 days of ensiling, LAB dominated the silage of both crops, while the harmful microorganisms as aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria, yeast, and mold were reduced or below detectable levels. Both silages did not produce more lactic acid to reduce the pH value, but they preserved nutrients well during ensiling. Therefore, PMS and SS can be prepared as silage for ruminant feed in semi‐arid West Africa.
Effect of ovarian storage time at 4 degrees C on cumulus cell apoptosis in porcine antral follicles
Authors: Chi Yafei , Peng Boya , Lu Jing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the effect of cold storage time on apoptosis of cumulus cells (CCs) from porcine ovaries, and to compare the sensitivity of four apoptosis‐detection methods. Porcine ovaries were stored in physiological saline solution at 4°C for 0, 7, 24 and 48 hr, and then cumulus cells or granulosa cells (GCs) in antral follicles were retrieved to detect cell apoptosis. Cumulus cells isolated from stored ovaries for 24 hr presented obvious apoptosis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‐mediated d‐UTP nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) assay. A typical DNA ladder pattern of apoptosis was observed in GCs 24 hr post storage treatment. The mean Olive Tail Moment of CCs was significantly increased after 24 hr using comet assay; however, the mean tail migration and mean tail DNA increased gradually after 7 hr of storage. In addition, annexin V/PI staining assay showed an obvious increase in apoptotic CCs (Annexin V positive, PI negative) 7 hr after treatment, and the apoptotic rate reached to a peak at 24 hr followed by a decline after 48 hr of storage to the level at 7 hr. In conclusion, cold storage of porcine ovary in physiological saline solution induced a time‐dependent increase in apoptosis of cumulus cells, and annexin V/PI staining combined with comet assay provided a sensitive and reliable method to detect early damages in cumulus cells induced by cold storage of ovary.
Relationship between litter size at birth and within‐litter birth weight characteristics in laboratory mice as pilot animal for pig
Authors: Ogawa Shinichiro , Satoh Masahiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between litter size at birth and within‐litter birth weight (BW) characteristics of laboratory mice as a pilot mammal for pig. We obtained records of number born alive (NBA) and total and mean litter BW (LWB, MWB), and maximum and minimum values of within‐litter BW (MaxIWB, MinIWB), range and standard deviation (Range, SDIWB), skewness (Skew), and kurtosis (Kurt) of within‐litter BW for 656 litters at first parity. Pearson's correlations of NBA were highly positive with LWB (0.92), weakly negative with MWB (–0.31), MaxIWB (–0.19), and MinIBW (–0.33), and those of MWB were negligible with Range, SDIWB, Skew, and Kurt (–0.10 to 0.06). Estimated heritabilities, treated as dam traits, were 0.32 for NBA, 0.39 for LWB, 0.24 for MWB, 0.28 for MaxIWB, 0.05 for MinIWB, 0.16 for Range, 0.17 for SDIWB, and 0.00 for Skew and Kurt. Estimated genetic correlation between NBA and LWB was high (0.95). Therefore, LWB could be promising for efficiently improving NBA. The estimated genetic correlation of NBA was negligible with MWB (0.00), positive with MaxIWB (0.10), Range (0.48), and SDIWB (0.36), and negative with MinIWB (–0.36), suggesting that selection for increased NBA brings larger SDIWB and lighter MinIWB.
Anxiety and verbal learning in typically developing primary school children: Less efficient but equally effective
Authors: Butcher Phillipa R. , Heubeck Bernd G. , Welvaert Marijke 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundDespite evidence that high levels of anxiety can impair Working Memory (WM) functioning, little is known about how anxiety is associated with classroom learning activities, which make high demands on verbal WM.AimsTo investigate the association between anxiety and learning on a task which makes high demands on verbal WM.SampleParticipants were 119 typically developing, Australian elementary school children (M age = 9.25 years; SD = 7.6 months).MethodIn individual testing sessions, measures of trait anxiety (Spence Childhood Anxiety Scales) and state anxiety (Visual Analogue scale) were made. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, which makes similar demands on WM to many classroom activities, was administered.ResultsNeither trait nor state anxiety alone was associated with mean recall across trials, however their interaction showed a significant effect. In children high on both measures of anxiety, learning followed a different trajectory. They learned more slowly on the first three trials than less anxious peers, then caught up on the remaining trials. While their mean recall scores across trials were significantly lower than those of less anxious peers, they retained as many words on the delayed learning trial.ConclusionIn a group of typically developing children, learning on the early, more demanding learning trials of a verbal learning task was vulnerable to heightened anxiety. However, the extra opportunities to learn on later trials enabled more anxious children to learn as much as their less anxious peers. While they learnt less efficiently, they learnt equally effectively.
Acceptance of outgroup members in schools: Developmental trends and roles of perceived norm of prejudice and teacher support
Authors: Lam Shui‐fong , Shum Kathy Kar‐man , Chan Winnie Wai Lan , Tsoi Emily Wing See 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundSchools around the world are increasingly diverse in ethnicity. Given the importance of peer acceptance in children’s well‐being and development, it is a pressing concern for educators to promote intergroup acceptance in schools.AimsFirst, to examine the developmental trends of acceptance of outgroup members in both the ethnic minority and majority students. Second, to investigate how outgroup acceptance is subject to the interplay between perceived norm of prejudice, a risk factor in the macrosystem, and teacher support, a protective factor in the microsystem.SampleThe participants were 3,723 students (ethnic majority: 61%; boys: 51.9%; mean age: 13.7) at Grade 2, 5, 8, and 11 from 24 schools in Hong Kong.MethodsThe students were asked to complete a battery of questionnaires regarding their willingness to accept outgroup members in schools, perceived societal norm of prejudice against ethnic minority group, and teacher support they received in schools.ResultsIt was found that ethnic minority students accepted outgroup members more than ethnic majority students accepted them. The difference was primarily driven by the low outgroup acceptance of ethnic majority students in Grades 2 and 5. The results of multi‐level analysis revealed that outgroup acceptance was associated negatively with perceived norm of prejudice but positively with teacher support. The negative association between outgroup acceptance and perceived norm of prejudice was attenuated in schools with supportive culture.ConclusionsThe results point to the need of early intervention and the importance of cultivating school culture with strong social emotional support.
CAR‐T TREK through the lymphoma universe, to boldly go where no other therapy has gone before
Authors: Ghilardi Guido , Braendstrup Peter , Chong Elise A. , Schuster Stephen J. , Svoboda Jakub , Ruella Marco 
Published: November 2020

SummaryChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (CART) therapies have changed and continue to change the treatment paradigms for B‐cell malignancies because they can achieve durable complete remission in patients in whom multiple lines of treatment have failed. These unprecedented results have led to the widespread use of anti‐CD19 CART therapy for patients with relapsed and refractory aggressive large B‐cell lymphomas. While long‐term follow‐up data show that about one‐third of patients achieve prolonged complete remission and are potentially cured, the majority of patients either do not respond to CD19 CART therapy or eventually relapse after CD19 CART therapy. These results are, on the one hand, driving intense research into identifying mechanisms of relapse and, on the other hand, inspiring the development of novel strategies to overcome resistance. This review summarizes current clinical outcomes of CART immunotherapy in B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas, describes the most up‐to‐date understanding of mechanisms of relapse and discusses novel strategies to address resistance to CART therapy. We are indeed at the beginning of a scientific trek to explore the mechanisms of resistance, seek out new, more effective treatment approaches based on these discoveries and to boldly go where no other therapy has gone before!
Second primary malignancy in myelofibrosis patients treated with ruxolitinib
Authors: Polverelli Nicola , Elli Elena M. , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Palumbo Giuseppe A. , Benevolo Giulia , Tiribelli Mario , Bonifacio Massimiliano , Tieghi Alessia , Caocci Giovanni , D'Adda Mariella , Bergamaschi Micaela , Binotto Gianni , Heidel Florian H. , Cavazzini Francesco , Crugnola Monica , Pugliese Novella , Bosi Costanza , Isidori Alessandro , Bartoletti Daniela , Auteri Giuseppe , Latagliata Roberto , Gandolfi Lisa , Martino Bruno , Scaffidi Luigi , Cattaneo Daniele , D’Amore Fabio , Trawinska Malgorzata M. , Stella Rossella , Markovic Uros , Catani Lucia , Pane Fabrizio , Cuneo Antonio , Krampera Mauro , Semenzato Gianpietro , Lemoli Roberto M. , Vianelli Nicola , Breccia Massimo , Russo Domenico , Cavo Michele , Iurlo Alessandra , Palandri Francesca 
Published: November 2020

SummaryRuxolitinib (RUX), the first JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor approved for myelofibrosis (MF) therapy, has recently been associated with the occurrence of second primary malignancies (SPMs), mainly lymphomas and non‐melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). We analyzed the incidence, risk factors and outcome of SPMs in 700 MF patients treated with RUX in a real‐world context. Median follow‐up from starting RUX was 2·9 years. Overall, 80 (11·4%) patients developed 87 SPMs after RUX start. NMSCs were the most common SPMs (50·6% of the cases). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that male sex [hazard ratio (HR): 2·37, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1·22–4·60, P = 0·01] and thrombocytosis> 400 × 109/l at RUX start (HR:1·98, 95%CI: 1·10–4·60, P = 0·02) were associated with increased risk for SPMs. Risk factors for NMSC alone were male sex (HR: 3·14, 95%CI: 1·24–7·92, P = 0·02) and duration of hydroxycarbamide and RUX therapy > 5 years (HR: 3·20, 95%CI: 1·17–8·75, P = 0·02 and HR: 2·93, 95%CI: 1·39–6·17, P = 0·005 respectively). In SPMs excluding NMSCs, male sex (HR: 2·41, 95%CI: 1·11–5·25, P = 0·03), platelet > 400 × 109/l (HR: 3·30, 95%CI: 1·67–6·50, P = 0·001) and previous arterial thromboses (HR: 3·47, 95%CI: 1·48–8·14, P = 0·004) were shown to be associated with higher risk of SPMs. While it is reassuring that no aggressive lymphoma was documented, active skin surveillance is recommended in all patients and particularly after prolonged hydroxycaramide therapy; oncological screening should be triggered by thrombocytosis and arterial thrombosis, particularly in males.
UK Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Implant‐Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma on behalf of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Expert Advisory Group
Authors: Turton Philip , El‐Sharkawi Dima , Lyburn Iain , Sharma Bhupinder , Mahalingam Preethika , Turner Suzanne D. , MacNeill Fiona , Johnson Laura , Hamilton Stephen , Burton Cathy , Mercer Nigel 
Published: November 2020

SummaryBreast implant‐associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA‐ALCL) is an uncommon T‐cell non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) associated with breast implants. Raising awareness of the possibility of BIA‐ALCL in anyone with breast implants and new breast symptoms is crucial to early diagnosis. The tumour begins on the inner aspect of the peri‐implant capsule causing an effusion, or less commonly a tissue mass to form within the capsule, which may spread locally or to more distant sites in the body. Diagnosis is usually made by cytological, immunohistochemical and immunophenotypic evaluation of the aspirated peri‐implant fluid: pleomorphic lymphocytes are characteristically anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐negative and strongly positive for CD30. BIA‐ALCL is indolent in most patients but can progress rapidly. Surgical removal of the implant with the intact surrounding capsule (total en‐bloc capsulectomy) is usually curative. Late diagnosis may require more radical surgery and systemic therapies and although these are usually successful, poor outcomes and deaths have been reported. By adopting a structured approach, as suggested in these guidelines, early diagnosis and successful treatment will minimise the need for systemic treatments, reduce morbidity and the risk of poor outcomes.
Temporal changes in survival among adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia in the period 2000–2016: a Danish population‐based study
Authors: Hjort Jakobsen Lasse , Stidsholt Roug Anne , Kiesbye Øvlisen Andreas , Werenberg Marcher Claus , Beier Ommen Hans , Theilgaard‐Mönch Kim , Møller Peter , Schöllkopf Claudia , Kristensen Daniel , Maria Henriette Naur Therese , Bøgsted Martin , Christoffer El‐Galaly Tarec , Tang Severinsen Marianne 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn the present study, we quantify the progress in overall survival (OS) during the period 2000–2016 among Danish patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). This population‐based study, including 3820 adult patients with AML, demonstrates a significantly improved OS over time with the 2‐year age‐standardised OS increasing from 22% in 2002 to 31% in 2016. The improvement in OS was exclusively seen in patients with AML aged ≥50 years, with absolute improvements in 2‐year OS from 2002 to 2016 of ≥10% among patients aged 50–75 years and a small absolute increase in those aged >75 years.
Retracted: NQO1 promotes an aggressive phenotype in hepatocellular carcinoma via amplifying ERK‐NRF2 signaling
Authors: Yang Yun , Zheng Jie , Wang Mengchao , Zhang Jin , Tian Tao , Wang Zhiheng , Yuan Shengxian , Liu Lei , Zhu Peng , Gu Fangming , Fu Siyuan , Shan Yunfeng , Pan Zeya , Zhou Weiping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPatients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are usually diagnosed at the later stages and have poor survival outcomes. New molecules are urgently needed for the prognostic predication and individual treatment. Our study showed that high levels of NQO1 expression frequently exist in HCC with an obvious cancer‐specific pattern. Patients with NQO1‐high tumors are significantly associated with poor survival outcomes and serve as independent predictors. Functional experiments showed that NQO1 promotes the growth and aggressiveness of HCC in both in vitro and in vivo models, and the underlying mechanism involved NQO1‐derived amplification of ERK/p38‐NRF2 signaling. Combined block of ERK and NRF2 signaling generated stronger growth inhibition compared with any single block, especially for HCC with high‐NQO1. Therefore, NQO1 is a potential biomarker for HCC early diagnosis and prognosis prediction, and also attractive for cancer‐specific targets for HCC treatment.
Genomic destabilization and its associated mutagenesis increase with senescence‐associated phenotype expression
Authors: Yoshioka Ken‐ichi , Matsuno Yusuke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCancer develops through multiple rounds of clonal evolution of cells with abrogated defense systems. Such clonal evolution is triggered by genomic destabilization with associated mutagenesis. However, what increases the risk of genomic destabilization remains unclear. Genomic instability is usually the result of erroneous repair of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSB); paradoxically, however, most cancers develop with genomic instability but lack mutations in DNA repair systems. In this manuscript, we review current knowledge regarding a cellular state that increases the risk of genomic destabilization, in which cells exhibit phenotypes often observed during senescence. In addition, we explore the pathways that lead to genomic destabilization and its associated mutagenesis, which ultimately result in cancer.
Modeling and Visualizing the Codevelopment of Word and Nonword Reading in Children From First Through Fourth Grade: Informing Developmental Trajectories of Children With Dyslexia
Authors: Steacy Laura M. , Edwards Ashley A. , Rueckl Jay G. , Petscher Yaacov , Compton Donald L. 
Published: November 2020

Developmental studies examining relations between word reading (WR) and decoding in typical and dyslexic populations routinely cut the reading distribution to form distinct groups. However, dichotomizing continuous variables to study development is problematic for multiple reasons. Instead, we modeled and visualized the parallel growth of WR and nonword reading (NWR) factor scores longitudinally in a Grade 1–4 developmental sample (N = 588). The results indicate that while WR and NWR growth factors are highly related (r = .71), the relation between WR and NWR trajectories change as a function of initial WR. Results are interpreted within computational models of dyslexia in which children with dyslexia overfit orthography → phonology relations at the level of the word, limiting the development of sublexical representations needed to read nonwords.
ECHO: Extended Convolution Histogram of Orientations for Local Surface Description
Authors: Mitchel Thomas W. , Rusinkiewicz Szymon , Chirikjian Gregory S. , Kazhdan Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a novel, highly distinctive and robust local surface feature descriptor. Our descriptor is predicated on a simple observation: instead of describing the points in the vicinity of a feature point relative to a reference frame at the feature point, all points in the region describe the feature point relative to their own frames. Isometry invariance is a byproduct of this construction. Our descriptor is derived relative to the extended convolution – a generalization of the standard convolution that allows the filter to adaptively transform as it passes over the domain. As such, we name our descriptor the Extended Convolution Histogram of Orientations (ECHO). It exhibits superior performance compared to popular surface descriptors in both feature matching and shape correspondence experiments. In particular, the ECHO descriptor is highly stable under near‐isometric deformations and remains distinctive under significant levels of noise, tessellation, complex deformations and the kinds of interference commonly found in real data.
Fixed full‐arch maxillary prostheses supported by four versus six implants with a titanium CAD/CAM milled framework: 3‐year multicentre RCT
Authors: Toia Marco , Stocchero Michele , Corrà Enrico , Becktor Jonas P. , Wennerberg Ann , Cecchinato Denis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis RCT compares marginal bone level (MBL) change and the clinical parameters after a 3‐year function in maxillary implant‐supported fixed complete dentures (FCDs) treated with four‐implants (4‐I) or six‐implants (6‐I).Material and methodThree centres treated 56 patients with 280 implants allocated to the 4‐I or 6‐I group. Radiographic and clinical examinations were performed. The primary outcome was to investigate MBL change between the groups.ResultsImplant survival rates were 100% and 99% in the 4‐I and 6‐I groups, respectively. Considering the clustering effects, the MBL change was not significantly different between the groups over the 3‐year follow‐up. The MBL in the 4‐I group was 0.30 ± 0.50 mm at baseline, 0.24 ± 0.31 mm at 1 year and 0.24 ± 0.38 mm at 3 years. In the 6‐I group, MBL was 0.14 ± 0.32 mm at baseline, 0.16 ± 0.35 mm at 1 year and 0.12 ± 0.26 mm at 3 years. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups at BL and 3Y. No significant differences between the groups were reported for clinical parameters at each time point as well as in between the visits. The technical and biological complications rates were 1.6% and 6.0%, respectively. Prosthetic complications affected 25 FCDs (47.2%).ConclusionMarginal bone level change revealed a stable condition in the 3‐year period in the two groups. Few technical and biological complications occurred apart from the chipping/fracture of the prosthetic teeth. Four‐implant is a feasible solution if the rehabilitation is oriented towards the most cost‐effective treatment and towards avoiding bone augmentation procedures. Clinicians have to consider the potential required visits for prosthetic maintenance.