bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative Transcriptome Analyses of Metabolic Responses in Yak Liver Define Putative Pivotal LncRNAs
Authors: Wang Li , Xia Wei , Fu Fang , Luo Xiaolin , Guan Jiuqiang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background

The yak (Bos grunniens) is a crucial resource to supply meat and milk to the people localized in Tibetan plateau area. To systemically identify lncRNAs regulating metabolism in yak, we performed transcriptome analyses to simultaneously profile mRNAs and lncRNAs of liver in yak under three representative age (LD: Liver 1 Day, LM: Liver 15 Month, LY: Liver 5 Year) conditions.
Result

Of 288 differentially regulated lncRNAs, function-oriented filters yield 88 regulated metabolically related lncRNAs that are differentially expressed at least two age conditions. These lncRNAs predicted by lncRNA-mRNA correlation analyses to function in diverse aspects of metabolism. Specific regulations of liver metabolically related lncRNAs were further defined by qRT-PCR.
Conclusion

Combining genome-wide screens, bioinformatics function predictions, and qRT-PCR analyses, this study supports that a class of lncRNAs function as important metabolic regulators and establishes a framework for systemically investigating the role of lncRNAs in physiological homeostasis of yak.
SVD-based angular difference estimation
Authors: Xu Dazhuan , Zhou Ying , Tu Weilin , Shi Chao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the estimation of angular difference between adjacent sources is investigated in the uniform linear array. In the presence of additive Gaussian noise, we use singular value decomposition to obtain the eigenvalues of the spatial covariance matrix. Thus, the expressions of eigenvalues related to the signal are obtained. The smaller one between the eigenvalues is related to the degree of difference between the two sources and we derive the expression of the angular difference estimation through it. In practice, the more samples observed, the more accurate the estimate is. Numerical results confirm our theoretical analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method. The result in this paper has important guiding significance for array signal processing in the actual environment.
Prevalence and determinants of anemia among women of reproductive age in developing countries of Asia and Africa: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Savera Savera , Ali Sumera Aziz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The burden of anemia among women of reproductive age (WRA) is significantly higher in developing countries. Studies have been conducted to estimate the prevalence and magnitude of anemia among women of reproductive age and its associated factors mainly in African and Asian countries. However, findings from the existing literature are not synthesized in a systematic way to make evidence-based decisions. Given the high burden of anemia in Asian and African countries and an enormous amount of literature on the prevalence and determinants of anemia, there is a need to undertake a systematic review on prevalence and determinants of anemia among WRA in developing countries of Asia and Africa. Hence, the objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review on the prevalence and determinants of anemia among WRA in developing countries of Asia and Africa. This synthesis of literature will help to understand the determinants of anemia to design targeted and context-based interventions primarily for WRA. In addition, this systematic review will also assist policymakers, stakeholders and managers to make informed and evidence-based decisions mainly in developing countries of Asia and Africa.Methods The review will focus on assessing the burden of anemia and its determinants in the developing countries of Asia and Africa. PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Science Direct, Medline and Cochrane will be explored using a detailed search strategy. A study will be considered eligible, if it will be a primary epidemiological research conducted through quantitative observational study designs (cross-sectional, case-control or cohort studies) on prevalence and determinants or only determinants of anemia among WRA (15-49 years) in the developing country of Africa or Asia and published in the English language in a peer-reviewed local or international journal from 2000 to 2020.Discussion This systematic review will provide an opportunity to critically appraise and synthesize the findings from individual studies on the prevalence and determinants of anemia to finally generate a summary. These aggregated findings, in turn, can guide practice and inform policymakers to make evidence-based decisions to address the problem of anemia among women of reproductive age. The results of the review will be disseminated through presentations and peer-reviewed publications.
Violence in sub-saharan african schools: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Mulqueeny Delarise Maud , Nkabini Senzelokuhle Mpumelelo , Nxumalo Sabelo Abednego 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Violence in schools is an intersectional, multifaceted and complex global phenomenon that impedes gender equality and transformation, disrupts learner progress, familial and school environments and constitutes a public health, educational, social and human rights challenge. According to the United Nations (UN) study on Violence against Children, violence in schools refers to sexual and gender-based violence (GBV), bullying, gang-related violence (GRV), school and community-related violence, verbal, physical and psychological violence that includes fighting and weapons. Literature searches rendered no scoping or systematic results for a complex topic such as violence in SSA schools with catastrophic consequences. Hence, the objective of this scoping review is to map evidence of violence in SSA schools from existing literature over the past decade to summarise findings, identify research gaps, guide future research or determine the feasibility of a systematic review being conducted. Methods: Due to violence in schools being a broad topic our literature searches will include grey literature, unpublished and published studies, empirical studies, all study designs, conference presentations and website content using various keywords to search multiple databases to locate relevant literature. Search engines and electronic databases that will be searched are Google Scholar, PsycINFO (EBSCHO), CINAHL, SCOPUS, EBSCOhost, PsycARTICLES (EBSCO), EMBASE, university libraries, education departments and MEDLINE (EBSCHO). Title and abstract screening will be independently conducted by two screeners to minimise bias. A data charting form, compiled by three screeners using a Google form, will be used to extract relevant information from each article. Two screeners will populate the charting form electronically whilst all four screeners will ensure the charting form is continuously updated. Discussion: We anticipate mapping literature on violence in sub-Saharan African schools. Once summarized, the data will be useful to identify literature gaps, guide future research on school violence or determine the feasibility of a systematic review being conducted.
Synthesis of acid treated carbonized mandarin peel for purification of copper
Authors: Unugul T. , Nigiz F. U. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this study; acid treated carbonized mandarin peel (CMP) adsorbent was prepared and the adsorption behaviour of the adsorbent for copper removal was investigated. In the adsorption studies the effects of initial metal concentration, solution pH, adsorbent dosage and contact time on the removal were investigated. As a result; the highest removal of 100% was achieved when the copper concentration in water was 5 mg/L and the adsorbent dosage was 3.75 g/L at a solution pH of 7. Isotherm studies were also done and the appropriate isotherm was obtained as the Freundlich isotherm. According to the kinetic studies, the copper adsorption onto CMP adsorbent was adopted to the pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic. After HCl regeneration, the adsorbent maintained 94% of its activity.
Spatial variability of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate concentrations in water of Batang Arau River, West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Helard Denny , Indah Shinta , Oktavia Michella 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyze the spatial variability of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate concentrations along the Batang Arau River, one of the most important rivers in West Sumatera, Indonesia. The results showed that the ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate concentrations were in the range of 0.180–0.510 mg/L, 0.0–0.178 mg/L, and 0.675–1.165 mg/L, respectively. The ammonium and nitrate concentrations were still below the maximum permissible concentrations for the river water quality standard of class II established by the Regulation Governor of West Sumatera at all of the sampling locations, except at midstream for ammonium, while the nitrite concentration had exceeded the quality standard from midstream to downstream of the river. The increase of the nitrogen concentration was observed from upstream to downstream of the river. Spatial analysis shows significant differences in nitrogen concentrations were obtained between the upstream and the midstream of the Batang Arau River (p &lt; 0.05) but were not observed between the midstream and the downstream. This indicates the effect of different anthropogenic activities along the river. Based on the obtained results, for an effective monitoring program of the nitrogen concentration along the Batang Arau River, reducing the sampling locations from eight to five could be implemented.
Comparison of mass transfer parameters inside a USEPA flux hood for two VOCs
Authors: Cupertino Kamila F. , Prata Ademir A. , Le-Minh Nhat , Stuetz Richard M. , Santos Jane M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Odorous emissions from area sources at wastewater treatment plants have become an environmental issue due to negative impacts on neighboring communities causing annoyance. Enclosure devices (such as dynamic flux chambers) have been used as direct methods to estimate area source emission rates from liquid–gas surfaces. Previously, model compounds have provided information about the internal mass transfer behavior of these sampling devices and the parameters estimated for certain model compounds that can be adapted for other compounds with similar liquid–gas partitioning properties. Acetic acid and butyric acid (both gas-phase-controlled compounds) were compared in order to assess the validity of adapting results from one compound to another. Mass transfer parameters for acetic acid and butyric acid were determined for a USEPA flux hood using a sweep air flow rate of 5 L/min. Mass transfer rates estimated for butyric acid, using the mass transfer parameters of acetic acid, were of the same order of magnitude as the experimental butyric acid mass transfer rates.
Synthesis, In Vitro Anticancer, Anti-Inflammatory and DNA Binding Activity of Thiazolidinedione Derivatives
Authors: Uwabagira Nadine , Sarojini Balladka K. , Prabhu Ashwini 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite several advances
made in the treatment strategies, the cure for cancer remains still a challenge. Currently used treatment modalities
pose several side effects and remain ineffective in the later stages. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been
shown to possess anti-cancer activity in several in vitro models.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of novel synthesized thiazolidinedione derivatives
on three selected cancer cell lines viz., human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), lung adenocarcinoma
(A549) and colorectal carcinoma (HT29). This study also aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and
DNA binding activity of the synthesized derivatives.

Methods:
The synthesized thiazolidinedione derivatives were screened for their in vitro anti-cancer activity on
the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and colorectal carcinoma
(HT29) using the Methyl Thaizolyl Tetrazolium (MTT) Assay. They were also evaluated for in vitro antiinflammatory
activity using albumin denaturation method, DNA binding activity and hemocompatibility.

Results:
Compounds 5a, 5b, 5d, 6c and 6d showed IC50 of 30.19, 41.56, 65.97, 60.16 and 50.41μM respectively
on breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), IC50 of 49.75, 51.42, 65.43, 61.94 and 56.80μM on lung adenocarcinoma
(A549) and 38.11, 45.58, 71.24, 53.15 and 51.25μM on colorectal carcinoma (HT29). In the hemolysis assay,
compounds 5a and 5b were found to be nontoxic and nonhemolytic to human erythrocytes. Five compounds
possessed significant anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity. Three of them are Mannich bases, whereas the
remaining two are aryl acyl derivatives.

Conclusion:
The in vitro results (anticancer and anti-inflammatory) showed that the 4-chloro anilinomethyl
substitution at third position and thiophenoethenyl at the fifth position of thiozolidinedione (5a) emerged as the
most effective derivative on all the tested cancer cell lines. A higher DNA binding affinity of the test compounds
was also found.
Survey of Usutu Virus Potential Vectors and their Diversity in Iran: A Neglected Emerging Arbovirus
Authors: Khoobdel Mehdi , Keshavarzi Davoud 
Published: April 2020

Introduction:Usutu Virus (USUV) is a vector-borne flavivirus within the family of Flaviviridae; its reservoirs and vectors are birds and mosquitoes, respectively.Methods:At first, electronic databases were searched with a date range from 2000 to 2018 to find theCulexspecies that transmit the disease and then for determining the diversity of those, mosquito larvae were collected from six places in three main environmental categories using the dipping technique.Results:In total, 1369 specimens belonging to 10 different species were collected and identified, as follows:Cx. hortensisFicalbi,Cx. laticinctusEdwards,Cx. mimeticusNoe,Cx. perxigusTheobald,Cx. pipiensLinnaeus,Cx. modestusFicalbi,Cx. sinaiticusKirkpatrick,Cx. theileriTheobaldCx. torrentiumMartini andCx. tritaeniorhynchusGiles. Four species involved as vectors of USUV in other countries are printed in bold.Cx.pipiens,as the main vector was the most frequent species in rural areas, share its larval habitats withCx. torrentium(similarity > 0.9) and reached its peak in August. Overall, in the present study, there was a significant positive relationship between mean temperatures and abundance of mosquitoes (r = 0.75, P = 0.005).Conclusion:In the present study, some species involved as main vectors of USUV in other countries and their ecological features were recorded. Based on these results, the possibility of the emergence of USUV in Iran exists.
WHAT IS A REALIST THEORY OF LAW?
Authors: Leiter Brian 
Published: April 2020

This essay offers a programmatic statement for a realist theory of law. Although I have been influenced by (and written about) the work of earlier American, Scandinavian, Italian and other legal realists, this is not an essay about what others have thought. This is an essay about what I take realism about law to mean and what its theoretical commitments are; I shall use other realists to sometimes illustrate the distinctive positions of a realist theory of law, but will make clear where I depart from them. A realist theory of law involves both a “realist” and a “naturalistic” perspective on law. Let me explain how I understand these perspectives.
DOSSIÊ: O DESENHO DO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL PARA ALÉM DA CONJUNTURA
Authors: Arguelhes Diego Werneck 
Published: April 2020

A crítica ao Supremo Tribunal Federal e seus ministros não é novidade. Contudo, mesmo em trabalhos profundamente críticos do tribunal, a comunidade jurídica tinha como foco as palavras das ministras e ministros, em seus votos e decisões. Ao menos no debate jurídico, a atenção se concentrava no que esses atores diziam que estavam fazendo ao decidir – ou, ainda, no que diziam que o Supremo podia ou deveria fazer. Razões escritas, além de quais outros pronunciamentos oficiais, são parte importante do funcionamento de instituições judiciais, e seria tolice ignorá-las. De maneira mais marcante do que ocorre nas decisões tomadas pelos poderes eleitos, o poder de tribunais é exercido por meio de palavras, que moldam, ao longo do tempo, nossas próprias expectativas sobre o que esperar dessas instituições. Como o Supremo funciona e decide, de fato? Quais os limites do seu poder decisório – ou da sua própria independência em relação a atores políticos? Como o tribunal escolhe seus casos? Se há escolha, qual critério o tribunal utiliza para priorizar este ou aquele problema? Qual a capacidade que o tribunal tem de orientar, de fato, o comportamento das instâncias inferiores? Como os ministros podem utilizar os recursos associados a diferentes posições processuais (vogais, relatores, presidentes do tribunal e das turmas) para fazer essas engrenagens funcionarem - ou talvez impedir que se movam? Perguntas desse tipo estão no centro de uma virada "realista" na pesquisa sobre o Supremo e seus ministros na última década. O foco deste dossiê está justamente na estrutura estável do tribunal, e nas implicações que ela tem para como pensamos o Supremo. Reunimos um conjunto de pesquisadores com perspectivas distintas sobre a estrutura profunda do Supremo, e que vão além tanto do que os ministros afirmam em seus votos e decisões, quanto das situações-limite geradas por crises e conflitos da conjuntura.
Controversia en el marxismo contemporáneo: financiarización, capital que devenga interés y capital ficticio
Authors: Villavicencio Giovanni 
Published: April 2020

<p>En los últimos años, un grupo de autores marxistas ha destacado en sus investigaciones el enorme peso de las finanzas sobre la economía utilizando la noción de financiarización, sin embargo, dentro del seno mismo de esta tradición no se ha llegado a un consenso claro sobre cuál debería ser la definición universal de esta palabra. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la financiarización desde una perspectiva marxista, identificando las controversias teóricas que están presentes en las discusiones en torno al marxismo contemporáneo, desde el diálogo entre autores localizados en diferentes latitudes, hasta los debates más personales entre autores que conviven como compañeros de trabajo en la misma institución. Así, frente a este mar de interpretaciones marxianas, buscamos rescatar los elementos clave que podrían dar pauta a la construcción de una teoría marxista de la financiarización. Primero, se analizan diferentes perspectivas sobre el concepto financiarización que han sido propuestas por autores que se identifican a sí mismos como marxistas y después, se aborda la discusión teórica inspirada en el marxismo clásico sobre las categorías capital que devenga interés y capital ficticio.</p><div><div><p> </p></div></div>
Wound Healing Activity of Calotropis Procera Root Bark on Diabetic Rats
Authors: Mali Rohit P. , Rao Priya S. , Vikhe D.N. 
Published: April 2020

Herbal therapy and herbal medicine in traditional medicine as well as in alternative medicine practiced in the developed world. There is recent most of the harbal formulation are used to cure & improve the humal life. The present study Wound healing activity of Calotropis procera root bark on diabetic rats in that root bark is extracted from ethanolic extract using soxhlet method. The pharmacognostic study was done after that phytochemical characters should be studied. The root bark has alkaloids, Flavonoids, steroids and tannins active constituents. Acute toxicity study carried out with three pharmacological models Incision model, Excision model, and Dead space model. All the extract show predominant activity against selected species. Extract shows beneficial effect on diabetic wound it heals in time with standard component. Overall results of this study reveals that this is an effective extract on diabetic wound.
Keywords: Traditional medicine, Calotropis procera, Wound Healing Activity
Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Molecules by Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and its Anti-Inflammatory Effects on Arthritis Patients
Authors: Mutthuraj D , Vinutha T , Gopenath TS , Kaginelli B , Karthikeyan M , Ashok G , Ranjith MS , Palanisamy Pradeep , Basalingappa Kanthesh M 
Published: April 2020

Herbal medicinal plants are used to treat various disorders in many traditional medicinal systems around the world. Usage of this herb found in Indian and Chinese medicinal systems. The availability of ginger herb is Universal these days, where it is cultivated for its underground stem (Pseudo-stem). Most commonly used part is rhizome. This ginger rhizome has many therapeutic uses including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetics, antioxidant, anti-microbial and also curing in vomiting, constipation, indigestion, cold, fever,cough, nausea, reparatory conditions, bronchitis etc., these activities were checked using different solvents of different polarity. Arthritis is known for its extreme joint pain and swelling may be treated by using ginger essential oil extract. It was studied that it has the capacity to reducing the pro-inflammatory molecules by lowering the RA-F, CRP, ESR level in the blood.The essences of ginger are due to the chemicals present in them. The products obtained from the ginger like essential oil and oleoresin are used all around the world for its food and pharmaceutical properties.The bioactive compounds like [6]- gingerol and its dehydrated form [6]- shogaol can inhibits the production of free radicals and oxidative stress, along with this properties it can reduce the pro-inflammatory molecules like prostaglandins by inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2.It also observed by the recent studies that the ginger and its extract have the capacity of suppressing the leukotriene biosynthesis by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase. To this effect in-vitro study conducted in the lab shows the maximum inhibition as well as maximum protection by the ginger essential oil extract. The essential oil extraction were administered external apply and the variation in the certain proteins and inflammation related antibodies were studied.
Keywords: Zingiber offcinale, Spice, Arthritis, Essential oil, Anti-Inflammatory, Gingerol, Shogaol, Auto-Immune Disorders.