bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change impact assessment on water resources under RCP scenarios: A case study in Mundaú River Basin, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Andrade Carolyne W. L. , Montenegro Suzana M. G. L. , Montenegro Abelardo A. A. , Lima José R. de S. , Srinivasan Raghavan , Jones Charles A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlobal climate predictions and possible environmental impacts have an increasing source of concern in recent years. Analyses of the impacts of climate change scenarios on regional hydrology are required to design effective adaptation strategies for specific river basins. This study focuses on assessment of future climate change impacts on water resources of the Mundaú River Basin (MRB), in Brazil, using the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Regional Climate Models (RCMs) Eta‐MIROC5 and Eta‐HadGEM2, for three time periods under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). In general, climate models predict that the MRB will experience significant annual precipitation decreases, between 0.4% (1,087.45 mm) and 25.3% (815.59 mm), in both scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) respectively, when compared to the observed period (2003–2016). Maximum and minimum temperature increases up to 2.3°C and 0.65°C under the RCP 4.5 scenario, and up to 4.3°C and 2.2°C under the RCP 8.5 scenario. SWAT simulations predict substantial surface runoff decreases with a minimum average annual value of 21.3 mm for the RCP 8.5 in medium‐term. Additionally, actual evapotranspiration (ET) is predicted to decrease from 780.77 to a minimum of 648.1 mm, although increases in potential evapotranspiration (ET0) are expected. In general, annual streamflow also is expected to decrease, more severely under RCP 8.5 conditions, reaching a drop of approximately 66.7% (15.2 m3·s−1), compared to the observed period (45.5 m3·s−1). Seasonal streamflow is predicted to decrease for both models, in both rainy and dry seasons, except for medium‐term of the Eta‐HadGEM2. Although there are still some uncertainties associated with climate models, the findings from this study can assist water resource managers in management decisions for appropriate water use, development of public policies that favour sustainability, and adoption of mitigation and prevention practices to ensure water security in the basin.
Confocal scanning of intervertebral disc cells in3D: Inside alginate beads and in native microenvironment
Authors: Hernandez Paula A. , Jacobsen Timothy D. , Barati Zahra , Chahine Nadeen O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe interaction between cells and their extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to maintain both tissue and cellular homeostasis. Indeed, cell phenotype is significantly affected by the 3D microenvironment. Although highly convenient, isolating cells from the intervertebral disc (IVD) and growing them in 2D on plastic or glass substrates, causes them to rapidly lose their phenotype and consequently alter their gene and protein expression. While characterization of cells in their native or simulated 3D environment is preferred, such approaches are complexed by limitations in phenotypic readouts. In the current article, we describe a detailed protocol to study nucleus pulposus cells in 3D—embedded in alginate as a permeable cell‐staining reservoir, as well as adaptation for cell staining and imaging in their native ECM. This method allows for detection of phenotypical and cytoskeletal changes in cells within native tissue or 3D alginate beads using confocal microscopy, without the need for histological processing.
Influence of testing environment and loading rate on intervertebral disc compressive mechanics: An assessment of repeatability at three different laboratories
Authors: Newell Nicolas , Rivera Tapia David , Rahman Tamanna , Lim Shiyin , O'Connell Grace D. , Holsgrove Timothy P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn vitro mechanical testing of intervertebral discs is crucial for basic science and pre‐clinical testing. Generally, these tests aim to replicate in vivo conditions, but simplifications are necessary in specimen preparation and mechanical testing due to complexities in both structure and the loading conditions required to replicate in vivo conditions. There has been a growing interest in developing a consensus of testing protocols within the spine community to improve comparison of results between studies. The objective of this study was to perform axial compression experiments on bovine bone‐disc‐bone specimens at three institutions. No differences were observed between testing environment being air, with PBS soaked gauze, or a PBS bath (P > .206). A 100‐fold increase in loading rate resulted in a small (2%) but significant increase in compressive mechanics (P < .017). A 7% difference in compressive stiffness between Labs B and C was eliminated when values were adjusted for test system compliance. Specimens tested at Lab A, however, were found to be stiffer than specimens from Lab B and C. Even after normalizing for disc geometry and adjusting for system compliance, an ∼35% difference was observed between UK based labs (B and C) and the USA based lab (A). Large differences in specimen stiffness may be due to genetic differences between breeds or in agricultural feed and use of growth hormones; highlighting significant challenges in comparing mechanics data across studies. This research provides a standardized test protocol for the comparison of spinal specimens and provides steps towards understanding how location and test set‐up may affect biomechanical results.
Development of the PTSD‐Repository: A Publicly Available Repository of Randomized Controlled Trials for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: O'Neil Maya E. , Harik Juliette M. , McDonagh Marian S. , Cheney Tamara P. , Hsu Frances C. , Cameron David C. , Carlson Kathleen F. , Norman Sonya B. , Hamblen Jessica L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGiven the extensive research on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment, a single, updatable repository of data from PTSD treatment studies would be useful for clinical, research, and policy stakeholders. To meet this need, we established a preliminary dataset of abstracted PTSD trial data, which serve as the basis for the PTSD Trials Standardized Data Repository (PTSD‐Repository), maintained by the National Center for PTSD (NCPTSD). We followed systematic review methods to identify published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PTSD interventions. We consulted with a panel of experts to determine a priori inclusion criteria, ensure that we captured all relevant studies, and identify variables for abstraction. We searched multiple databases for materials published from 1980 to 2018 and reviewed reference lists of relevant systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines. In total, 318 RCTs of PTSD interventions that enrolled almost 25,000 participants were included. We abstracted 337 variables across all studies, including study, participant, and intervention characteristics as well as results. In the present paper, we describe our methods and define data elements included in the data tables. We explain coding challenges, identify inconsistencies in reporting across study types, and discuss ways stakeholders can use PTSD‐Repository data to enhance research, education, and policy. The abstracted data are currently publicly available on the NCPTSD website and can be used for future systematic reviews and identifying research gaps and as an information resource for clinicians, patients, and family members.
The Impact of Family Separation and Worry About Family on Psychological Adjustment in Refugees Resettled in Australia
Authors: Fogden Georgia , Berle David , Steel Zachary 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFew reliable predictors of postarrival psychological adjustment have been identified with regard to refugees once they arrive in their host country. We investigated the association between family separation and psychological symptoms in refugees resettled in Australia from 2013 to 2016. Participants were 1,495 adult refugees (M = 38.9 years, SD = 12.7) who participated in the Building a New Life in Australia population‐based study across 4 years. Participants were assessed for psychological distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder–8 (PTSD‐8), respectively. We used latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to identify latent longitudinal trajectories and binary logistic regression to assess the contribution of family predictor variables toward PTSD‐8 and K6 symptom trajectory class membership. The LCGA supported a four‐class solution for PTSS, categorized as improving PTSS (18.4%), persistently high PTSS (11.5%), resilient PTSS (57.3%), and deteriorating PTSS (12.6%). For the K6, LCGA supported a four‐class solution comprising classes categorized as persistently high psychological distress (PD; 7.0%), improving PD (17.3%), resilient PD (61.1%), and deteriorating PD (14.6%). Separation from family members did not independently predict the course of psychological symptoms; however, worry about family and friends contributed to the persistence of high PTSD‐8 scores, OR = 1.75, and deteriorating K6 scores, OR = 1.57. The current findings suggest persistently high or worsening psychological symptom trajectories during the postsettlement phase may be marked by worry about family and friends, in addition to older age and female gender, rather than separation alone.
Validation of a Parent Proxy Quality‐of‐Life Measure for Young Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Yu Cathy Y. , Jeffe Donna B. , Kenna Margaret A. , Germiller John A. , Lieu Judith E.C. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesNo hearing‐related quality of life (QL) questionnaire currently exists for children < 7 years. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the construct validity and reliability of a new parent‐proxy Preschool Hearing Environments and Reflection on Quality of Life (HEAR‐QL) questionnaire.MethodsParents of children 2 to 6 years old with any hearing loss (HL) were recruited from multiple sites. To evaluate the new measure's construct validity, participants completed a 70‐item preschool HEAR‐QL and validated questionnaires measuring hearing and communication functioning (Parents' Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children), generic pediatric QL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Parent Report, PedsQL), family functioning (PedsQL Family Impact Module), and parent well‐being (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Adult Global Report). Participants completed the preschool HEAR‐QL 2 weeks later to measure test–retest reliability. Exploratory principal components analysis was used to reduce the number of items and determine the underlying HEAR‐QL factor structure. Analysis of variance examined HEAR‐QL differences by HL.ResultsAmong 205 parents, 144 had children with bilateral HL, 50 had children with unilateral HL, 10 had children with normal hearing (NH), and one child's hearing status was unspecified. The 70‐item questionnaire was reduced to 23 items with five underlying factors: Behavior and Attention, Hearing Environments, New Social Situations, Social Interactions, and Communication. Cronbach's alpha for each factor ranged from 0.80 to 0.91. Test–retest reliability was 0.93. Moderate‐to‐strong correlations (r > .300) were observed between each Preschool HEAR‐QL factor and previously validated measures. Hearing Environments scores differed significantly between children with NH and any HL.ConclusionPreschool HEAR‐QL correlations with other measures supported its construct validity. Discriminant validity testing requires a larger sample of children with NH.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:663–670, 2021
Captivity affects diversity, abundance, and functional pathways of gut microbiota in the northern grass lizard Takydromus septentrionalis
Authors: Zhou Jin , Zhao Yu‐Tian , Dai Ying‐Yu , Jiang Yi‐Jin , Lin Long‐Hui , Li Hong , Li Peng , Qu Yan‐Fu , Ji Xiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnimals in captivity undergo a range of environmental changes from wild animals. An increasing number of studies show that captivity significantly affects the abundance and community structure of gut microbiota. The northern grass lizard (Takydromus septentrionalis) is an extensively studied lacertid lizard and has a distributional range covering the central and southeastern parts of China. Nonetheless, little is known about the gut microbiota of this species, which may play a certain role in nutrient and energy metabolism as well as immune homeostasis. Here, we examined the differences in the gut microbiota between two groups (wild and captive) of lizards through 16S rRNA sequencing using the Illumina HiSeq platform. The results demonstrated that the dominant microbial components in both groups consisted of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Tenericutes. The two groups did not differ in the abundance of these three phyla. Citrobacter was the most dominant genus in wild lizards, while Morganella was the most dominant genus in captive lizards. Moreover, gene function predictions showed that genes at the KEGG pathway levels2 were more abundant in wild lizards than in captive lizards but, at the KEGG pathway levels1, the differences in gene abundances between wild and captive lizards were not significant. In summary, captivity exerted a significant impact on the gut microbial community structure and diversity in T. septentrionalis, and future work could usefully investigate the causes of these changes using a comparative approach.
A rain estimation model based on microwave signal attenuation measurements in the city of Ioannina, Greece
Authors: Christofilakis Vasilis , Tatsis Giorgos , Lolis Christos J. , Chronopoulos Spyridon K. , Kostarakis Panos , Bartzokas Aristides , Nistazakis Hector E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRain monitoring through signal attenuation has been a significant concern for the scientific community over the last decade. The lowest L‐, S‐ and C‐bands in the microwave spectrum are full of potential for environmental monitoring devices. It has not been extensively proven whether signal attenuation can be used for rain estimation throughout the microwave spectrum in the region of 1–6 GHz. The study derives a power‐law rain estimation model by validating the one year data for the amount of rain and signal attenuation at the lowest limit of the S‐band. This is achieved by a prototype accurate experimental set‐up in a laboratory environment at the campus of the University of Ioannina, northwest Greece. A comparison with global rain attenuation models as well as measurements near this frequency band are also presented and discussed.
Development of an immune‐related prognostic model for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients
Authors: Quan Xi , Zhang Nan , Chen Ying , Zeng Hanqing , Deng Jianchuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematological malignancy in pediatrics, and immune‐related genes (IRGs) play crucial role in its development. Our study aimed to identify prognostic immune biomarkers of pediatric ALL and construct a risk assessment model.MethodsPediatric ALL patients’ gene expression data were downloaded from Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database. We screened differentially expressed IRGs (DEIRGs) between the relapse and non‐relapse groups. Cox regression analysis was used to identify optimal prognostic genes, then, a risk model was constructed, and its accuracy was verified in different cohorts.ResultsWe screened 130 DEIRGs from 251 pediatric ALL samples. The top three pathways that DEIRGs may influence tumor progression are NABA matrisome‐associated, chemotaxis, and antimicrobial humoral response. A set of 84 prognostic DEIRGs was identified by using univariate Cox analysis. Then, Lasso regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis screened four optimal genes (PRDX2, S100A10, RORB, and SDC1), which were used to construct the prognostic risk model. The risk score was calculated and the survival analysis results showed that high‐risk score was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (p = 3.195 × 10−7). The time‐dependent survival receiver operating characteristic curves showed good prediction accuracy (Area Under Curves for 3‐year, 5‐year OS were 0.892 and 0.89, respectively). And the predictive performance of our risk model was successfully verified in testing cohort and entire cohort.ConclusionsOur prognostic risk model can effectively divide pediatric ALL patients into high‐risk and low‐risk groups, which may help predict clinical prognosis and optimize individualized treatment.
Does Fecundity of Cisco Vary in the Upper Great Lakes?
Authors: Yule* Daniel L. , Dobosenski Jamie A. , Myers Jared T. , Ebener Mark P. , Claramunt Randall M. , McKenna James D. , Ketola H. George , Gorman Owen T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Fecundity of fish is influenced by several factors, including body length, condition, population density, and environmental conditions. It follows that fecundity of fish populations can exhibit spatiotemporal variability; thus, periodic quantification of length–fecundity relationships is important for management. We hypothesized that average fecundity of Cisco Coregonus artedi in the upper Laurentian Great Lakes would be lower in Lake Superior than in Lakes Huron and Michigan. The trophic status of these lakes recently converged, but Lakes Huron and Michigan currently support lower Cisco densities; thus, we expected that they would reach larger sizes and have greater fecundity owing to lower intraspecific competition. Ovaries were collected from prespawn Cisco during 2008–2010 to test this hypothesis. We also compared length–fecundity relationships for 2008–2010 to those of precollapse (1930s–1950s) populations to explore how relationships have changed. Average fecundity of Cisco during 2008–2010 was lower in Lake Superior compared to Lakes Huron and Michigan; length–fecundity relationships in the latter two lakes did not vary significantly, so they were combined. Body condition was highest in Lakes Huron and Michigan. We used otoliths to determine age and found that body condition was domed shaped with respect to age in Lakes Huron and Superior. There were no females older than age 5 in our samples from Lake Michigan because that population was just beginning to recover from very low levels. Females of intermediate age had the highest fecundities in both Lake Huron (ages 7–13) and Lake Superior (ages 8–18). We hypothesize that differences in body morphometry may also influence fecundity, with deeper-bodied C. artedi albus, the predominant form in Lakes Michigan and Huron, having greater fecundity than shallower-bodied C. artedi artedi in Lake Superior. Moreover, varying Cisco diets and seasonal movement patterns across lakes may have also contributed to differences. Females in Lakes Superior and Michigan are currently more fecund than their precollapse counterparts.
Benthic Suffocation of Invasive Lake Trout Embryos by Fish Carcasses and Sedimentation in Yellowstone Lake
Authors: Poole Alex S. , Koel Todd M. , Thomas Nathan A. , Zale Alexander V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduced Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush threaten native Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri in Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park, where gill nets have been used to suppress subadult and adult Lake Trout since 1995. However, survival of embryonic and larval life history stages can have profound effects on the population dynamics of Lake Trout. Inducing additional mortality at those stages, especially if used in concert with intensive gillnetting of older fish, could enhance overall suppression efforts. Therefore, we conducted controlled field experiments at Yellowstone Lake to systematically evaluate the effects of sediment deposition and ground Lake Trout carcass deposition on Lake Trout embryos in pre-positioned incubators. Sediment deposition caused dissolved oxygen concentrations to decline below lethal levels for a prolonged overwinter period (92 d). Embryo mortality among overwintering incubators varied from 97.0 ± 5.3% (mean ± SE) at the substrate surface to 100.0 ± 0.0% at 20 cm below the substrate surface. Decomposition of ground carcass material on spawning sites caused dissolved oxygen concentrations to decline to lethal levels (&lt;3.4 mg/L) for about 9 d after biomass application rates of 14 and 28 kg/m2 in treatment plots. Exposure to ground carcass material resulted in 100.0 ± 0.0% embryo mortality at the substrate surface and within interstices 20 cm below the surface in 14- and 28-kg/m2 biomass treatments. Embryo mortality was probably caused by hypoxic conditions within substrates in both experiments. The deposition of sediment and ground Lake Trout carcass material on Lake Trout spawning sites in Yellowstone Lake could provide an additional source of mortality in ongoing Lake Trout suppression efforts. These methods may also be beneficial in other systems when incorporated in an integrated pest management approach targeting multiple life history stages of invasive freshwater fish.
First metacarpal fractures from Chalcolithic Cyprus: A fall or a fist?
Authors: Lorentz Kirsi O. , Casa Bianca 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHand fractures are frequently observed in archaeological human skeletal remains. Despite this, there is an absence of human bioarchaeological studies presenting adequate description, differential diagnoses and aetiologies of first metacarpal (MCI) fractures. This study aims to characterise MCI trauma from the Middle Chalcolithic (ca. 3000 bc) cemetery of Souskiou‐Laona in south‐western Cyprus, an island in the Eastern Mediterranean. Fifty‐eight out of 67 MCIs were complete enough for the assessment of fractures. A total of eight MCI fractures are displayed by six individuals: four adult males discovered as articulated skeletons and two individuals from commingled contexts. These traumas were assessed macroscopically, metrically and radiographically. Differential diagnoses of these fractures identified four extra‐articular fractures of the diaphysis of the MCI. Three intra‐articular fractures of Bennett's type were observed: one in combination with a Colles' fracture of the distal radius and one in combination with an extra‐articular fracture of the diaphysis of the MCI. One fracture involving the distal end (head) of MCI was identified, in combination with an extra‐articular fracture. Clinical literature associates such MCI fractures with accidents where the first digit is held in a particular position (e.g., when holding a steering wheel, bicycle bar and horse reigns) or with interpersonal violence, with the first digit in flexed position. Therefore, we suggest that these archaeological MCI fractures may have been caused by accidents (falling onto an outstretched hand) or by interpersonal violence in the form of fist fighting. The occurrence of these fractures in males in their 20s to 40s, of substantial stature, could reflect an association with fist fighting or with sex differential activity exposing individuals of certain sex and age range to more frequent accidents. In the case that the MCI fractures observed within the Souskiou‐Laona assemblage reflect interpersonal violence, this has implications to our current understandings of society in Chalcolithic Cyprus.