bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents concordant for major depressive disorder and the effect of psychopathology in offspring
Authors: NOMURA Y. , WARNER V. , WICKRAMARATNE P. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Concordance for major depressive disorder (MDD) between parents could happen for different reasons. Regardless of the origin and the frequency of the concordance, the effect on offspring of having two parents affected with MDD may be serious. The sex of the affected parent and offspring may also be a important risk factor for MDD in offspring.Methods. We examined the increased risk of psychopathology among offspring of the four parental mating groups: both parents affected with MDD (N = 53); only mother affected (N = 31); only father affected (N = 65); and, neither parents affected (N = 33). Parents and offspring were assessed by direct interview, conducted blind and independently of each other.Results. Among the four parental mating groups, offspring of both parents affected had the highest risk of MDD, anxiety disorder and alcohol dependence, and the earliest age of onset for MDD. There were two exceptions: the highest risk of conduct disorder and of drug dependence was in the groups where only the father was affected and where only the mother was affected, respectively. Mother's MDD was a stronger predictor of MDD in male compared to female offspring. Father's MDD was a stronger predictor of MDD in female compared to male offspring.Conclusion. Having two parents with MDD increases the risk of psychiatric disorders in offspring. A clear dose–response relationship between the number of affected parents and psychiatric disorders in offspring was observed. The sex of the affected parent and of the offspring is important in determining the risk to offspring. For an examination of the risk to psychopathology in offspring, diagnosis status of both parents should be considered.
Prevalence and predictors of depressive, anxiety and substance
use disorders in HIV-infected and uninfected men: a longitudinal
evaluation
Authors: DEW M. A. , BECKER J. T. , SANCHEZ J. , CALDARARO R. , LOPEZ O. L. , WESS J. , DORST S. K. , BANKS G. 
Published: July 2002

Background. There is little agreement on whether the
prevalence of psychiatric disorder is elevated in HIV-seropositive
(HIV +) populations compared with uninfected persons. However,
evaluation of this issue has been limited by difficulties of sampling,
study design and failure to control for other risk factors for
disorder.Methods. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of
DSM-III-R major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety
disorder, adjustment disorder, and alcohol and substance
abuse/dependence were evaluated in a representative sample of HIV +
men attending primary care physicians' offices in a defined
geographical area. Lifetime prevalence at baseline and 1-year rates
during longitudinal follow-up were determined for the 113 HIV + men, as
well as 57 HIV – men, via standardized interview. Multivariate
analyses considered unique and combined effects of HIV serostatus and
other risk factors on likelihood of disorder.Results. Although there were no differences in lifetime
rates prior to baseline, HIV + men were at greater risk for disorders
during the prospective study period. For MDD, this effect was
maintained even after controlling for other risk factors. Several of
these other factors bore their own effects: regardless of HIV
serostatus, men were susceptible to psychopathology if at baseline
they were younger, had a lifetime psychiatric history, or had poor
social supports or a low sense of personal mastery.Conclusions. The risk of certain psychiatric disorders
appears uniquely elevated in HIV + men. Since other factors also
influence risk, interventions designed to minimize psychopathology
during HIV infection should attend to both HIV-related and
non-HIV-related risk factors.
Recall of obstetric events by mothers of schizophrenic patients
Authors: CANTOR-GRAAE E. , CARDENAL S. , ISMAIL B. , McNEIL T. F. 
Published: July 2002

Background. The aim of the current study was to evaluate

the utility of maternal recall for obtaining
history of obstetric complications (OCs) in psychiatric research.Methods. Obstetric information from in-depth structured
maternal interviews and from hospital
birth records was compared in 45 mothers of schizophrenic patients and
34 control mothers. Both
types of information were blindly and independently scored for OCs
using the McNeil-Sjöström OC Scale.Results. Considerable discrepancies were observed
between interviews and records, irrespective of
maternal group. No significant differences were found between
patient and control mothers in error
type (omission, commission, total retrospective error) or recall
facility for selected events. More
errors of commission were made by mothers of patients with negative family
history than mothers
of patients with positive family history for psychiatric disorder.
Patients had significantly more OCs
than controls only when hospital record information was utilized.Conclusions. OC history obtained by maternal recall has methodological
limitations.
A four year prospective study of age-related
cognitive change in adults with Down's syndrome
Authors: OLIVER C. , CRAYTON L. , HOLLAND A. , HALL S. , BRADBURY J. 
Published: July 2002

Background. While neuropathological studies indicate a
high risk for Alzheimer's disease in adults
with Down's syndrome, neuropsychological studies suggest a lower prevalence
of dementia. In this
study, cognitive deterioration in adults with Down's syndrome was
examined prospectively over
4 years to establish rates and profiles of cognitive deterioration.Methods. Fifty-seven people with Down's syndrome aged
30 years or older were assessed using a
battery of neuropsychological tests on five occasions across 50 months.
Assessments of domains of
cognitive function known to change with the onset of Alzheimer related
dementia were employed.
These included tests of learning, memory, orientation, agnosia, apraxia
and aphasia. The individual
growth trajectory methodology was used to analyse change over time.Results. Severe cognitive deterioration, such as acquired,
apraxia and agnosia, was evident in 28·3%
of those aged over 30 and a higher prevalence of these impairments was
associated with older age.
The rate of cognitive deterioration also increased with age and degree
of pre-existing cognitive
impairment. Additionally, deterioration in memory, learning and orientation
preceded the
acquisition of aphasia, agnosia and apraxia.Conclusions. The prevalence of cognitive impairments consistent
with the presence of Alzheimer's
disease is lower than that suggested by neuropathological studies. The
pattern of the acquisition of
cognitive impairments in adults with Down's syndrome is similar to
that seen in individuals with
Alzheimer's disease who do not have Down's syndrome.
Gender differences in the effects of bereavement-related
psychological distress in health outcomes
Authors: CHEN J. H. , BIERHALS A. J. , PRIGERSON H. G. , KASL S. V. , MAZURE C. M. , JACOBS S. 
Published: July 2002

Background. This study examined whether traumatic grief,
depressive and anxiety symptoms
formed three distinct factors for widows and widowers. In addition, we
examined whether high
symptom levels of traumatic grief, depression and anxiety predicted different
mental and physical
health outcomes for widows and widowers.Method. Ninety-two future widows and 58 future widowers were
interviewed at the time of their
spouse's hospital admission and then at 6 weeks, 6, 13 and 25 month
follow-ups. Principal axis
factor analyses tested the distinctiveness of traumatic grief, depressive
and anxiety symptoms, by
gender. Repeated measures ANOVA tested for gender differences and changes
over time in mean
symptom levels of traumatic grief, depression and anxiety. Linear and logistic
regression models
estimated the effects of high symptom levels of traumatic grief, depression
and anxiety at 6 months
on health outcomes at 13 and 25 months post-intake by gender.Results. Three distinct symptom clusters (i.e. traumatic grief,
depressive and anxiety symptoms)
were found to emerge for both widows and widowers. Widows had higher mean
levels of traumatic
grief, depressive and anxiety symptoms. High symptom levels of traumatic
grief measured at 6
months predicted a physical health event (e.g. cancer, heart attack) at
25 months post-intake for
widows. High symptom levels of anxiety measured at 6 months predicted suicidal
ideation at 25
months for widowers.Conclusions. The results suggest that there are gender differences
in the levels of psychological
symptoms resulting from bereavement and in their effects on subsequent
mental and physical health
for widows and widowers.
Hippocampal/amygdala volumes in geriatric depression
Authors: ASHTARI M. , GREENWALD B. S. , KRAMER-GINSBERG E. , HU J. , WU H. , PATEL M. , AUPPERLE P. , POLLACK S. 
Published: July 2002

Background. The hippocampus, amygdala and related functional circuits have been implicated in
the regulation of emotional expression and memory processes, which are affected in major
depression. Several recent investigations have reported abnormalities in these structures in adult
and elderly depressives.Methods. Elderly DSM-III-R unipolar depressives (N=40) and normal controls (N=46)
participated in a magnetic resonance imaging study (1.0T). Brain images were obtained in the
coronal plane. Using established anatomical guidelines for structure delineation, volumetric
measurements of left and right hippocampus and anterior hippocampus/amygdala complex were
completed under blinded conditions using a semi-automated computer mensuration system, with
patients and controls in random order.Results. Medial temporal volumes did not significantly distinguish either elderly depressed and age-similar normal control subjects, or late onset and early onset depressed patients (ANCOVA). Major
overlap of measured volumes existed between patient and control groups. In depressives,
hippocampal volumes significantly correlated with age, and cognitive and depression ratings, but
not with number of prior depressive episodes or age-at-onset of first depression.Conclusions. Hippocampal volumes do not discriminate a typical clinical population of elderly
depressed patients from age-similar normal control subjects. If hippocampal dysfunction contributes
to a diagnosis of syndromal depression in the elderly, such dysfunction does not appear to be
regularly reflected in structural abnormalities captured by volumetric measurement as conducted.
On the other hand, relationships between hippocampal volumes and clinical phenomena in
depressives, but not controls, suggest potentially meaningful interactions between hippocampal
structure and the expression of major depression in the elderly.
Home on the page: a virtual place of music community
Authors: Kibby Marjorie D. 
Published: July 2002

IntroductionIn 1996 a small independent record company, Oh Boy Records, set up a ‘chat page’ on its web site where fans of its major artist, John Prine, could exchange typed messages in close to real time. The page became a place where fans could ‘virtually’ meet to get information or exchange experiences and opinions relating to Prine. Through the chat page a fan community was established, in that the chat page became a meeting place that could not exist within real-world boundaries. John Prine has had some recent commercial and critical success, but Prine fans are still a minority in most geographic communities, and are, to some extent, isolated by the lifestyle of their 35-plus age group. It could be said that the one and only place where Prine fans could regularly gather was online through the chat page provided by the record company. The Oh Boy Record's homepage became a symbolic anchor – a recognition of shared experience and a sign of community. While music communities are usually associated with ‘local’ places, ‘the notion of “communities” or localities as bounded geographic entities increasingly has been seen as problematic to the study of music in urban settings’ (Gay 1995, p. 123). Communities exist through dialogue; through an exchange of past social history and current social interaction. Developments in communication technology have contributed to a ‘deterritorialization of space within a global cultural economy’ (Fenster 1995, p. 85), to a point where ‘local’ is no longer disconnected from ‘global’ and the identity of a specific place is located both in ‘demarcated physical space’ and in ‘clusters of interaction’ (Gupta and Ferguson 1992, p. 8). In the absence of a communal physical space, the Oh Boy home page became the site of a ‘local’ Prine community.
Robotic TCF and rigid-body calibration methods
Authors: Wang Xuguang , Red Edward 
Published: July 2002

For off-line programming to work, systematic methods must be developed
to account for non-ideal performance of the parts and devices in the
manufacturing cell. Although much of the literature focuses on robot inaccuracy,
this paper considers practical methods for the tool control frame (TCF)
calibration and rigid-body compensation required to close the inverse kinematics
loop for target driven tasks.In contrast to contemporary estimation methods,
a closed-form, easily automated, solution is introduced for calibrating the
position and orientation (pose) of orthogonal end-effectors when the distal robot
joint is revolute. This paper also considers methods for measuring and
compensating the small rigid-body perturbations that result from non-repeatable
part delivery systems or from geometric distortion. These methods are designed
to eliminate rθ error from the rigid-body prediction and can be conducted in
real-time. Without accurate TCF calibration and rigid-body compensation, even the
most accurate robot will fail to complete an off-line programmed task if the task
tolerances are stringent.
EVALUATION OF THE APPROPRIATENESS OF HIP JOINT REPLACEMENT TECHNIQUES
Authors: Quintana José M. , Azkarate Jesús , Goenaga J. Ignacio , Aróstegui Inmaculada , Beldarrain Ignacio , Villar Jose M. 
Published: July 2002

Objective: To evaluate the appropriateness of the use of hip joint
replacements (HJRs) using explicit criteria developed by an expert panel.Methods: Observational study. Nine hundred ninety-seven patients
from five hospitals with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis,
hip fracture, or revision who were undergoing HJR were consecutively included
in the study during a 1-year period. The appropriateness of the indication was
judged by explicit criteria. Complications were recorded at the time of the
intervention and 3 months postoperatively.Results: Of the 1,030 interventions, 604 were for osteoarthritis,
31 avascular necrosis, 191 fractures, and 204 revisions. No differences were
found among the hospitals for the main clinical and patient variables.
Indications for surgery were considered appropriate in 59% of cases, uncertain
in 32%, and inappropriate in 8%, mainly in the osteoarthritis group.
Differences were found in the rates of appropriateness among some centers. The
complication rate did not differ among the groups based on the level of
appropriateness of the procedure.Conclusions: The appropriate use of HJR, as measured by the
criteria established by the panel, identified a moderate percentage of
inappropriate indications. Those equivocal and inappropriate cases demand
further studies to identify patients with an adequate risk-to-benefit ratio
from this procedure.
Single women in early modern England: attitudes and expectations
Authors: PETERS CHRISTINE 
Published: July 2002

In 1584, fearing death, Eleanor Cumpayne, a single woman in the
parish
of Halesowen (Worcestershire), commended her soul to almighty God
and her body to the earth, divided her sheep and money amongst her
godchildren, relatives and friends, and placed particular trust in her

cousin, Margery Cumpayne, who, amongst other duties, was to bestow
the sum of 20s at her funeral. Unlike most testators, Eleanor Cumpayne

survived this fearful illness, dying in the summer eight years later. Eleanor

is also unusual because the detailed provisions establishing her as a single

woman that were made 25 years before her death also survive. In his will

her father, George, bequeathed to her for her natural life a chamber next

to the fire in his house in Hill, a garden, an acre of land, 3s 4d annually,

a cow called Fillpayle, a mare, bedding, the best pot and pan, six sheep

which were to be kept with the rest of the family's sheep and also,
at the
death of her mother, a pasture. The experience of Eleanor Cumpayne, living

semi-independently as a
single woman with the assistance of her family, suggests that the idea
that
early modern society expected all women to marry needs closer
examination. Such a view can indeed be found in prescriptive literature.

The author of The law's resolutions of women's rights
(1632) stated without
hesitation that all women ‘are understood either married or to be

married’. For him women were defined by their marital status, and

marriage was the natural expectation for all women.Contemporary authors based their ideas of the necessity of marriage
for
women on two main arguments: first, that marriage was natural and
demanded by scripture, particularly as a consequence of the Fall, which

imposed on women the twin obligations of childbearing and subjection to

the authority of a husband; and second, that marriage was an economic
necessity, a notion encapsulated in the well-known adage that ‘To
thrive
one must wive.’ The strength of these arguments in preventing remaining

unmarried from seeming to be a viable and attractive option for early
modern women is the subject of this article. In particular, I shall
concentrate on the second argument, the economic dimension, since it was

in this respect, as the experience of Eleanor Cumpayne suggests, that
social attitudes did most to encourage the possibility of women remaining
unmarried.
What do connectionist simulations tell us?
Authors: GOBET FERNAND 
Published: July 2002

In his review, Rispoli's main concern is that Elman et

al.'s book will
aggravate the degree of polarization in developmental psycholinguistics.
I
cannot really comment on this worry, as developmental psycholinguistics
is
not my field. Instead, I will discuss some questions more related to my

background – the role of computational modelling
in Elman et al.'s approach.Elman et al.'s ambitious goal is to propose theories of
cognitive development
that are grounded in our knowledge of biology. This is of course
what the great Jean Piaget tried to achieve during his lifetime –
unsuccessfully,
as we know. Elman et al.'s advantage over Piaget is that
they have a set
of computational tools, connectionism, which both allows them to specify

theories precisely and to study complex behaviours (such as epigenesis,

where innate and environmental factors interact to create new levels of

complexity) that are just beyond the (unaided) human mind. Even though
I
will highlight some of the weaknesses of their approach below, I should

emphasize that reading their book was an exciting and enjoyable experience.As noted by Rispoli, there are important problems with the simulations

reported by Elman et al. Rispoli focuses on simulations of past
tense
acquisition and syntax acquisition, but the problems are by no means limited

to these areas. I will briefly consider two recent developments in neural
net
research, one taken from the field of language acquisition, and one from

elsewhere, which underscore some of the difficulties of the simulations

discussed in the book.
Special varieties in adjunction theory and ample vector bundles
Authors: LANTERI A. , MAEDA H. 
Published: July 2002

In this paper varieties are always assumed to be defined over the field [Copf ] of complex
numbers.Given a smooth projective variety Z, the classification of smooth projective varieties X
containing Z as an ample divisor occupies an extremely important position in
the theory of polarized varieties and it is well-known that the structure of Z imposes
severe restrictions on that of X. Inspired by this philosophy, we set up the following
condition ([midast ]) in [LM1] in order to generalize several results on ample divisors to
ample vector bundles:([midast ]) [Escr ] is an ample vector bundle of rank r [ges ] 2 on a smooth projective variety X of
dimension n such that there exists a global section s ∈ Γ([Escr ]) whose zero locus
Z = (s)0 is a smooth subvariety of X of dimension
n − r [ges ] 1.
Prevalence of hepatitis B anti-core antibody in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: O'CONNELL T. , THORNTON L. , O'FLANAGAN D. , STAINES A. , CONNELL J. , DOOLEY S. , McCORMACK G. 
Published: July 2002

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B exposure in the population
of the Republic of Ireland, by measuring the prevalence of hepatitis B anti-core antibody in
oral fluid collected by postal survey.A random multi-stage stratified sample of Irish households was obtained, using the Irish
electoral register as the sampling frame. A total of 962 households were selected, and a
household response rate of 60·4% was achieved. Oral fluid specimens totalling 1714 were tested
for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), using an Immune Capture Enzyme
Immuno-Assay. Five specimens (0·29%) were found to contain anti-HBc. Adjusting for study
design, the estimated anti-HBc prevalence in the Republic of Ireland is 0·51%.This study demonstrates that self-collection of oral fluid samples is acceptable to the public,
and based upon the data generated, that the Republic of Ireland has a low prevalence of
hepatitis B infection.
In vitro susceptibility studies and detection of vancomycin

resistance genes in clinical isolates of enterococci in Nagasaki, Japan
Authors: HIRAKATA Y. , YAMAGUCHI T. , IZUMIKAWA K. , MATSUDA J. , TOMONO K. , KAKU M. , KOGA H. , YAMADA Y. , KOHNO S. , KAMIHIRA S. 
Published: July 2002

Glycopeptide resistance in enterococci is now a cause of clinical

concern in the United States

and Europe. However, details of vancomycin resistance in enterococci in

Japan have been

unknown. We measured minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of various

antimicrobial agents for a total of 218 clinical strains of enterococci
isolated in

our hospital in 1995–6 in

addition to 15 strains with known genotypic markers of resistance. We also
screened

vancomycin resistance genes using a single step multiplex-PCR.In clinical isolates, only two strains of Enterococcus gallinarum

were of intermediate

resistance to vancomycin (MIC, 8 μg/ml), while the others

were all susceptible. Glycopeptides

(vancomycin and teicoplanin) and streptogramins (RP 58500 and RPR 106972)

showed potent

antimicrobial effects for the isolates. In addition, ampicillin was also

potent for Enterococcus

faecalis, while ampicillin, minocycline and gentamicin were potent
for

Enterococcus avium. No

vanA or vanB genes were detected, while

vanC1 and vanC23 genes were detected

from two and

four strains, respectively. Our results suggest that incidence of VRE in
Japan

may be estimated as still very low at this time.