bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Models for predicting sleep latency and sleep duration
Authors: Vital-Lopez Francisco G , Balkin Thomas J , Reifman Jaques 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Planning effective sleep–wake schedules for civilian and military settings depends on the ability to predict the extent to which restorative sleep is likely for a specified sleep period. Here, we developed and validated two mathematical models, one for predicting sleep latency and a second for predicting sleep duration, as decision aids to predict efficacious sleep periods.

Methods
We extended the Unified Model of Performance (UMP), a well-validated mathematical model of neurobehavioral performance, to predict sleep latency and sleep duration, which vary nonlinearly as a function of the homeostatic sleep pressure and the circadian rhythm. To this end, we used the UMP to predict the time course of neurobehavioral performance under different conditions. We developed and validated the models using experimental data from 317 unique subjects from 24 different studies, which included sleep conditions spanning the entire circadian cycle.

Results
The sleep-latency and sleep-duration models accounted for 42% and 84% of the variance in the data, respectively, and yielded acceptable average prediction errors for planning sleep schedules (4.0 min for sleep latency and 0.8 h for sleep duration). Importantly, we identified conditions under which small shifts in sleep onset timing result in disproportionately large differences in sleep duration—knowledge that may be applied to improve performance, safety, and sustainability in civilian and military operations.

Conclusions
These models extend the capabilities of existing predictive fatigue-management tools, allowing users to anticipate the most opportune times to schedule sleep periods.
Characteristics associated with hypersomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness identified by extended polysomnography recording
Authors: Evangelista Elisa , Rassu Anna Laura , Barateau Lucie , Lopez Régis , Chenini Sofiène , Jaussent Isabelle , Dauvilliers Yves 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Hypersomnolence, defined by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) or excessive quantity of sleep (EQS), has been associated with increased morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and polysomnographic characteristics associated with EQS and EDS assessed objectively during extended polysomnography recording.

Methods
A total of 266 drug-free subjects (201 women; mean age: 26.5 years [16.08; 60.87]) underwent 32-h bed-rest polysomnography recording preceded by polysomnography and modified multiple sleep latency test (mMSLT). Participants were categorized according to their total sleep time (bed-rest TST ≥19 h, hypersomnia), objective EDS (mean sleep latency on MSLT ≤8 min), and self-reported EDS (Epworth sleepiness scale score &gt;10) and EQS (≥9 h/24 h per week).

Results
Subjects with hypersomnia were often younger, with normal sleep architecture, high nighttime sleep efficiency, and severe objective EDS. No association with sex, body mass index, Epworth sleepiness scale, EQS, and depressive symptoms was detected. Subjects with objective EDS had less EQS, higher sleep efficiency, and increased hypersomnia. Discrepancies were observed between objective and self-reported measures of sleep duration and EDS. Finally, 71 subjects were identified who had objective hypersomnia and/or EDS, no medical and psychiatric conditions and normal polysomnography parameters, and therefore met the stringent criteria of idiopathic hypersomnia, an orphan disorder.

Conclusions
Sleep duration and EDS should be quantified using self-reported and objective measures in a controlled procedure to differentiate long sleepers, patients with hypersomnia, and patients with idiopathic hypersomnia. This will help to better understand their biology, to identify specific biomarkers, and to assess related health outcomes.
Effects of exogenous α-amylases, glucoamylases, and proteases on ruminal in vitro dry matter and starch digestibility, gas production, and volatile fatty acids of mature dent corn grain
Authors: Amaro Felipe X , Kim Donghyeon , Agarussi Mariele C N , Silva Vanessa P , Fernandes Tatiane , Arriola Kathy G , Jiang Yun , Cervantes Andres P , Adesogan Adegbola T , Ferraretto Luiz F , Yu Shukun , Li Wenting , Vyas Diwakar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Two separate experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of incremental doses of 10 exogenous endo-acting α-amylase and exo-acting glucoamylase; 1LAT (bacterial α-amylase), 2AK, 3AC, 4Cs4, 5Trga, 6Afuga, 7Fvga, and 10Tg (fungal α-amylases, glucoamylases, and α-glucosidase), 8Star and 9Syn (fungal amylase-mixtures; experiment 1) and three exogenous proteases; 11P14L, 12P7L, and 13P30L (bacterial proteases; experiment 2) on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro starch digestibility (IVSD) of mature dent corn grain using a batch culture system. Incremental doses of the exogenous enzymes (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 mg/g of dried substrate) were applied directly to the substrate (0.5 g of ground corn, 4 mm) in sextuplicate (experiment 1) or quadruplicate (experiment 2) within F57 filter bags, which were incubated at 39 °C in buffered rumen fluid for 7 h. Rumen fluid was collected 2–3 h after the morning feeding from three lactating dairy cows and pooled. Cows were consuming a midlactation total mixed ration (TMR; 1.60 Mcal/kg DM and 15.4%; net energy of lactation and crude protein, respectively). Three independent runs were carried out for each experiment. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using run as the blocking factor. Dose was used as a fixed factor while run was considered a random factor. Linear, quadratic, and cubic orthogonal contrasts were also tested. In experiment 1, enzymes 2AK, 3AC, and 10Tg did not increase (P &gt; 0.10) IVDMD and IVSD, whereas 0.25 mg of enzymes 1LAT, 5Trga, and 8Star increased (P &lt; 0.01) IVDMD by 23%, 47%, and 62% and IVSD by 35%, 41%, and 58%, respectively, compared with the control. Enzymes 4Cs4, 6Afuga, 7Fvga, and 9Syn linearly increased IVDMD and IVSD (P &lt; 0.01). Greatest increases in IVDMD (82.9%) and IVSD (85.9%) resulted with 1 mg of 6Afuga compared to control. In experiment 2, the lowest dose of exogenous proteases 11P14L and 12P7L increased (P &lt; 0.01) IVDMD by 98% and 87% and IVSD by 57% and 64%, respectively, whereas the highest dose of 13P30L increased (P = 0.02) IVDMD by 44.8% and IVSD by 30%, relative to the control. In conclusion, IVSD and IVDMD were increased by one α-amylase, certain glucoamylases, and all proteases tested, with the glucoamylase 6Afuga in experiment 1 and the neutral protease 12P7L in experiment 2, increasing IVDMD and IVSD to the greater extents. Future in vivo studies are required to validate these findings before these enzyme additives can be recommended for improving the digestibility of mature dent corn grain.
What best animal science teachers do
Authors: Whitaker B D , Lamberson W R , Smith M F , Walters B S , Youngs C R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Great teachers have the extraordinary ability to inspire and motivate even those students who resist learning. The top educators are knowledgeable not only about the content of the course they are teaching but also of the information, literature, and practice of instructional delivery to their audience. Many exemplary educators have been profiled and studied; however, there is a paucity of information pertaining to how the top animal science teachers teach. The objective of this study was to identify and describe characteristics of award-winning animal science teachers. The inclusion criterion for selecting faculty was being bestowed an excellence in teaching award through their professional organization. Each teacher answered a series of questions about themselves, their students, and the class being taught. Lecture was captured using a digital all-inclusive camera and later analyzed for pedagogical trends and instructor–student interactions. Despite a variety of topics being taught by award-winning teachers, there were multiple trends emerging from their classrooms. Common events included reviewing highlights of previous lectures, distributing something to students, posing questions during class, and calling on students by name. Each teacher taught differently, but they all understood their audience; they grasped the subject matter and most importantly, they valued students learning. Collectively, these findings can be utilized and applied by animal science teachers in their own environments in an attempt to foster improved student learning through excellent teaching.
Increased early activation of CD56dimCD16dim/- natural killer cells in immunological non-responders correlates with CD4+ T-cell recovery
Authors: Zhang Qiu-Yue , Zhang Xin , Su Bin , Liu Li-Feng , Yang Xiao-Dong , Tang Bin , Xia Huan , Ma Ping , Zhang Tong , Wu Hao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in suppressing human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection, but knowledge on whether and how NK cells affect immune reconstitution in HIV-1-infected individuals who receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) is limited.

Methods
We performed a case-control study with 35 healthy individuals and 66 HIV-1-infected patients including 32 immunological non-responders (INRs) with poor CD4+ T-cell recovery (<500 cells/μL after 4 years of ART) and 34 immunological responders (IRs) with improved CD4+ T-cell recovery (>500 cells/μL after 4 years of ART). NK cell phenotype, receptor repertoire, and early activation in INRs and IRs were investigated by flow cytometry.

Results
A significantly higher proportion of CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells was observed in INRs than IRs before ART and after 4 years of ART. The number of CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells was inversely correlated with CD4+ T-cell counts in INRs before ART (r = –0.344, P = 0.050). The more CD69-expressing NK cells there were, the lower the CD4+ T-cell counts and ΔCD4, and these correlations were observed in INRs after ART (r = –0.416, P = 0.019; r = –0.509, P = 0.003, respectively). Additionally, CD69-expressing CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells were more abundant in INRs than those in IRs (P
= 0.018) after ART, both of which had an inverse association trend towards significance with CD4+ T-cell counts. The expression of the activating receptors NKG2C, NKG2D, and NKp46 on CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cell subsets were higher in IRs than that in INRs after 4 years of ART (all P < 0.01). Strong inverse correlations were observed between CD69 expression and NKG2C, NKG2A-NKG2C+, NKG2D, and NKp46 expression on CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells in INRs after ART (NKG2C: r = –0.491, P = 0.004; NKG2A-NKG2C+: r = –0.434, P = 0.013; NKG2D: r = –0.405, P = 0.021; NKp46: r = –0.457, P = 0.008, respectively).

Conclusions
INRs had a larger number of CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells characterized by higher activation levels than did IRs after ART. The increase in the CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cell subset may play an adverse role in immune reconstitution. Further functional studies of CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells in INRs are urgently needed to inform targeted interventions to optimize immune recovery.
The Serpent of Their Agonies
Authors: Prins Seth J. , McKetta Sarah , Platt Jonathan , Muntaner Carles , Keyes Katherine M. , Bates Lisa M. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Social stratification is a well-documented determinant of mental health. Traditional measures of stratification (e.g., socioeconomic status) reduce dynamic social processes to individual attributes downstream of mechanisms that generate stratification. In this study, we measure one process theorized to generate and reproduce social stratification—economic exploitation—and explore its association with mental health.

Methods:
Data are from the 1983 to 2017 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a nationally representative cohort study (baseline N = 3059). We operationalized “unconcealed exploitation” as the percentage of individuals’ labor income they were hypothetically not paid for productive hours. We ascertained psychologic distress and mental illness with the Kessler-6 (K6) scale.

Results:
We fit inverse probability-weighted marginal structural models and found that for each unit increase in unconcealed exploitation, psychologic distress increased by 1.6 points (95% confidence interval = 0.71, 2.5) on the K6 scale and the odds of mental illness tripled (odds ratio = 3.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.5, 6.1). Results were not driven entirely by overwork and were robust to different inverse probability-weighted estimation strategies and sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions:
Exploitation is associated with mental illness. Focusing on exploitation rather than its consequences (e.g., socioeconomic status), shifts attention to a structural process that may be a more appropriate explanatory mechanism, and a more pragmatic intervention target, for mental illness.
ATYPICAL PROLIFERATIVE RETINOPATHY AS THE PRESENTING FEATURE OF CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA IN A PATIENT WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Al Falah Mohammed , Ballios Brian G. , Yeung Shanna C. , Mehraban Far Parsa , Yan Peng 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To describe a case of proliferative retinopathy as the presenting manifestation of chronic myeloid leukemia in a patient with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM). Undiagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia in a patient with pre-existing poorly controlled DM is rarely encountered but must be recognized to treat appropriately with systemic chemotherapy. Significant fundus finding overlaps with DM making the recognition of chronic myeloid leukemia challenging.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
Fundoscopy revealed scattered dot–blot hemorrhages, venous beading, and numerous Roth spots in all quadrants, in both eyes. In the right eye, there was also a vitreous hemorrhage with evidence of neovascularization near the inferior arcade. Intravenous fluorescein angiography showed significant peripheral capillary nonperfusion without evidence of exudation in both eyes. No macular edema was observed on optical coherence tomography. A review of systems and physical examination was negative for constitutional symptoms, lymphadenopathy, organomegaly, and other symptoms. Retinal findings prompted a complete blood count, which revealed significant leukocytosis. A bone marrow biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Systemic chemotherapy and pan-retinal photocoagulation successfully normalized the leukocyte count and resolved the vitreous hemorrhage and neovascularization.

Conclusion:
The presence of numerous Roth spots in all quadrants, extensive areas of capillary nonperfusion on intravenous fluorescein angiography, and neovascularization in the absence of exudation or macular edema should prompt investigations to rule out hematologic disorders.
BILATERAL UVEITIS AND HYPOTONY FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH TOPICAL CIDOFOVIR
Authors: Santilli Christopher M. , Koozekanani Dara , Armbrust Karen R. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To report a case of bilateral uveitis and hypotony associated with topical cidofovir treatment.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 59-year-old diabetic man with HIV/AIDS presented with photophobia, ocular pain, and decreased vision. He was found to have bilateral hypotony, anterior uveitis, and serous choroidal detachments. Infectious disease workup, patient-reported history, and review of the patient's electronic medication list did not identify the etiology. Treatment with intensive topical corticosteroids led to resolution of uveitis and choroidal effusions within 3 months and resolution of hypotony within 9 months. Two years after his initial presentation, the patient developed acute recurrence of bilateral hypotony, anterior uveitis, and serous choroidal detachments shortly after intravenous cidofovir treatment. Careful reevaluation of the patient's outside medical records revealed that he had initiated treatment for rectal herpes simplex virus with compounded topical cidofovir one month before his initial presentation.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of topical cidofovir causing ocular toxicity. Compounded and topical medications, like cidofovir in this case, may not appear on a patient's electronic medication list, so a focused review of outside medical records may be beneficial when a particular medication toxicity is suspected.
Person-Centered Care Environment Associated With Care Staff Outcomes in Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: CHOI JiSun , KIM Da Eun , YOON Ju Young 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Although a general implementation of person-centered care in Korean long-term care delivery systems would be challenging, person-centered care has the potential to improve resident and staff outcomes through changes in current care services. However, little empirical evidence currently supports a positive relationship between person-centered care environments and staff outcomes.

Purpose
This study was designed to examine the relationship between person-centered care environments and staff outcomes, including job satisfaction and turnover intention, among care staff in Korean long-term care facilities.

Methods
This descriptive, correlational study used data from 235 care staff (94 nursing staff and 141 personal care workers) in 13 long-term care facilities in Korea. Data were collected using structured survey questionnaires, including items related to the person-centered care environment, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. Multilevel linear and logistic regression analyses were performed using Mplus Version 7.0.

Results
After controlling for individual (age, education, monthly income, position, shift work, and job tenure) and organizational (type of facility, location, ownership, bed size, and staffing levels) characteristics, a significant relationship was found between the person-centered care environment and job satisfaction and turnover intention among staff in Korean long-term care facilities.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
The study findings indicate that working in a person-centered care environment is key to higher job satisfaction, which is a significant predictor of turnover intention among staff in long-term care facilities. To recruit and retain qualified staff to provide high-quality person-centered care in long-term care facilities, a supportive work environment is crucial. Fostering a person-centered care environment will ultimately improve quality of care for residents.
Imaging Post Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Vestibular Schwannomas—When Should We Scan?
Authors: Ton Trung , Sheldon Anna , Tikka Theofano , Locke Richard , Crowther John A. , Kontorinis Georgios 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To identify the optimal time for imaging following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in patients with vestibular schwannomas (VS).

Study Design:
Retrospective case series.

Setting:
Tertiary, university center.

Patients:
Patients with VS treated with SRS.

Interventions:
Pre- and post-SRS surveillance with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); patients should have at least two pre- and two post-SRS scans available to be included.

Main Outcome Measures:
Patient demographics, tumor size, and growth per month ratio pre- and post-SRS and time interval between serial MRI.

Results:
Forty-two patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The average tumor size before the treatment was 16.9 mm (range, 10–28 mm) while 2 years posttreatment it was 16 mm (range, 7–25 mm) (p = 0.5). Average time of the first MRI post-SRS was 11 months (range, 5–14) with an average change in tumor size at that time of +0.53 mm (range, –5–8). Average time to second MRI was 22.3 months (range, 12–33) with an average change in tumor size at second scan of –1.14 (range, –5–2) mm (p = 0.117). The average growth/mo ratio before SRS was 0.26 mm/mo (range, 0–1), while post-SRS 0.05 mm/mo (range, –0.3–0.5) and –0.16 mm/mo (range, –18–0.25) at the time of the first and second scan, respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Given the initial increase in size following SRS, unless clinically indicated, MRI post-SRS at less than 1 year has no clinical value. The growth per month ratio provides more meaningful values for response to treatment than tumor size measurements.
Relation between nocturnal decline in blood pressure and choroidal thickness: a comparative analysis in dipper vs. non-dipper hypertensive patients
Authors: Tas Sedat , Altinisik Muhammed , Tas Ümmü 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
To compare choroidal thickness (ChT) and echocardiographical changes in patients with dipper and non-dipper systemic arterial hypertension (HT).

Methods
Patients with HT were evaluated in two groups according to the 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. Compared to day-time values, those whose night-time SBP decreased ≥10% were defined as dippers, and those whose SBP decreased <10% were defined as non-dippers. Transthoracic echocardiography was conducted in all patients. ChT and central macular thickness were measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. ChT was obtained at the subfoveal, 1500 µm nasal and temporal to the fovea.

Results
Thirty non-dipper (18 females and 12 males) and 23 dipper (16 females and seven males) hypertensive patients were recruited. Sex distribution and the mean age were similar between the groups (P = 0.472; P = 0.12). Disease duration was longer in the non-dipper group (8 ± 3.39 vs. 4.96 ± 1.19 years, P = 0.001). The non-dipper group had lower ChT in subfoveal and temporal locations (P = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively) and higher left atrial volume index (LAVI) and pulmonary valve maximum flow (PV-max; P < 0.001). The night-time SBP was negatively correlated with ChT (P = 0.048) and positive correlated with LAVI and PV-max (P < 0.05). However those correlations were not significant when were controlled by the possible confounding factors as disease duration, age and gender.

Conclusion
Non-dipper HT patients may have thinner choroid than dippers due to longer duration of HT and higher ambulatory BP levels.