bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality control of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) over 45 generations of rearing on Sitotroga cerealella
Authors: Ghaemmaghami Ehsan , Fathipour Yaghoub , Bagheri Abdoolnabi , Talebi Ali Asghar , Reddy Gadi V. P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTrichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko) is an important biological control agent that has been used widely against many lepidopteran pests. Commonly, colonies of Trichogramma are mass reared on factitious hosts such as Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) over many generations. In this study, we evaluated the quality and performance of a colony of T. brassicae that had been reared for over 45 generations (G) using two‐sex life table parameters and parasitism capacity. We found that female adult longevity was significantly different among sequential generations, ranging from 5.58 ± 2.5 d (at G5) to 3.75 ± 1.42 d (at G45). However, no significant difference was found in male adult longevity among different generations. Although female wasps survived longer until the 15th generation, they allocated more days for egg laying at G5 and G10. The highest values of gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation time (T) were found in G5 and G10, which also showed significantly higher c0. No significant difference in the finite parasitism rate (ω) was found among generations up to G15. These results suggest that T. brassicae wasps held under continuous laboratory rearing can be used successfully in biological control programs until the 15th generation without any loss of quality or performance. However, laboratory mass rearing colonies declined in quality after 15 generations and we suggest that they should be rejuvenated regularly by adding field‐collected parasitoids periodically.
Relationship between serum cystatin C and prognosis of nondiabetic peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Zhang Suojian , Cao Juan , Zhang Xu , Qiao Zhenguo , Xie Yan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe investigated whether serum cystatin C predicted treatment failure and mortality in nondiabetic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We studied 163 new‐onset, nondiabetic PD patients between January 2010 and January 2019. Patients were followed up until death or 1 July 2019. Serum cystatin C was measured within 1 week before PD. Basic demographic and laboratory test data were collected. Patients were divided into low (<5.54 mg/L) and high (≥5.54 mg/L) serum cystatin C groups. The Kaplan‐Meier method and log‐rank test showed that the technical survival rate of the low cystatin C group was higher than that of the high cystatin C group. There was no difference in overall survival between the two groups. Multivariate Cox model showed that serum cystatin C was an independent risk factor for PD failure. Serum cystatin C could predict PD failure but was not associated with mortality in nondiabetic PD patients.
Co‐occurrence modelling highlights conservation implications for two competing spiral‐horned antelope
Authors: Ehlers Smith Yvette C. , Ehlers Smith David A. , Ramesh Tharmalingam , Downs Colleen T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe assessed the potential competitive exclusion of southern bushbuck (hereafter bushbuck,Tragelaphus scriptus) by nyala (Tragelaphusangasii), the larger of the two spiral‐horned browsing antelopes (members of the Tragelaphine family). It has been suggested that high concentrations of nyala, capable of browsing a greater breadth of food items, negatively influence bushbuck. Using camera trap data, we explored factors influencing spatio‐temporal activity patterns and co‐occurrence of both species within three Protected Areas (PAs) of the Maputaland Conservation Unit, South Africa. Bushbuck have gone locally extinct within one of our survey areas, likely because of competitive pressures and cascading effects. Our results indicated a segregation of activities; bushbuck was more nocturnal, particularly in areas with higher nyala occupancy. Nyala occupancy overall was higher than bushbuck. When comparing occupancies at the management level, bushbuck occupancy was higher than nyala within two survey areas: where nyala were modelled as present but populations were managed through culling, and where leopard (Panthera pardus) populations were highest. Co‐occurrence was most likely in these two survey areas, indicating a threshold of nyala occupancy up to which bushbuck were tolerant. Where nyala were present in conjunction with high leopard density, bushbuck occupancy was higher. Conversely, where leopard density was low, the cascading effect was of high nyala occupancy, with subsequent competitive exclusion of bushbuck. Our results have critical management implications for PAs, including the management of carrying capacities, the preservation of native species assemblages and habitat management. We provide evidence that a larger‐bodied sympatric species can outcompete subordinate sympatric browsers when not effectively managed, particularly where the predation effects that influence population dynamics are limited.
Evidence of targeted consumption of mosses by birds in sub‐Antarctic South America
Authors: Russo Nicholas J. , Robertson Michael , MacKenzie Roy , Goffinet Bernard , Jiménez Jaime E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBryophyte consumption is uncommon among bird species globally and is often presumed incidental. We sought to determine whether herbivorous bird species of the high Andes, including the white‐bellied seedsnipe (Attagis malouinus) and Chloephaga geese (C. picta and C. poliocephala), consume bryophytes, and if so, how frequently. We collected 26 seedsnipe and 22 goose droppings from alpine and sub‐alpine habitats of Navarino Island, Chile and examined their contents for bryophyte diaspores. We detected bryophyte fragments in 84.6% and 90.9% of seedsnipe and Chloephaga goose faecal samples, respectively. We also extracted DNA from three bryophyte fragments isolated from goose droppings and sequenced three chloroplast loci for each sample. We inferred through a barcoding analysis that at least one species of Chloephaga goose consumes Polytrichum strictum and Notoligotrichum trichodon. The composition of 11 collected goose droppings was >50% Polytrichaceae bryophyte fragments, suggesting that at least one Chloephaga goose species foraged deliberately on moss species of this family. These new observations suggest that bryophytes are part of the diet of some high Andean birds and that birds might disperse bryophytes internally – via endozoochory – in the sub‐Antarctic.
Targeted muscle reinnervation to improve electromyography signals for advanced myoelectric prosthetic limbs: a series of seven patients
Authors: Myers Harley , Lu David , Gray Steven J. , Bruscino‐Raiola Frank 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundUpper limb amputation is a devastating injury. Patients may choose to use a passive prosthesis, a traditional body‐powered prosthesis or a myoelectric prosthesis driven by electromyography (EMG) signals generated by underlying muscles. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) aims to surgically create strong and reliable signals to permit the intuitive use of a myoelectric prosthesis with the greatest number of movements possible. We review the Alfred Hospital experience of using TMR to improve upper limb prosthesis control.MethodsA retrospective review of all cases of TMR performed at the Alfred Hospital was undertaken. Patient demographics, injury, surgical complications and outcomes were examined. Comparison was made to preoperative prosthesis use.ResultsSeven patients have undergone TMR to improve upper limb prosthesis control at the Alfred Hospital between 2015 and 2018. Within the patient group, pre‐TMR EMG signal numbers ranged from 1 to 2, and post‐TMR signal numbers ranged from 3 to 5. Six patients were able to achieve six degrees of freedom post‐operatively, and one patient achieved four degrees. No patients required the use of co‐contraction to switch function post‐operatively. There were no significant surgical complications.ConclusionThe use of TMR to improve and increase the number of EMG signals has been successful in generating more degrees of freedom for upper limb amputees with myoelectric prostheses.
Update on indications for lateral lymph node dissection in the management of lower rectal cancer
Authors: Fung Derek Tak Lit , Lee Peter Jun Myung 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe presence of lateral lymph node (LLN) metastasis was associated with higher local recurrence risk in patients with lower rectal cancer. The role of LLN dissection has not been fully determined despite prolonged debate that last for few decades. The practical difference between Japan and the West was the main culprit. Japanese used to rely on surgical removal of LLN as local control while the West believed that LLN dissection could be spared after giving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. As time passed, it is getting more common to combine both treatments. With the quality improvement in magnetic resonance imaging, we can now predict the chance of LLN metastasis and evaluate the treatment response with good accuracy. Few large analyses have been published recently and provided us more insight into this topic. In this review, we summarized and provided an update on the latest evidence. We have proposed a treatment algorithm on the management of LLNs which may help clinical decision and provide idea for further research.
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas: a report of 10 cases and literature review
Authors: Farhat Waad , Ammar Houssem , Amine Said Mohamed , Mizouni Abdelkader , Bouazzi Amal , Abdessaied Nihed , Ben Mabrouk Mohamed , Ben Ali Ali 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSolid pseudopapillary tumour of the pancreas (SPTP) is a rare pancreatic tumour characterized by a non‐specific clinical presentations and vague radiologic features. The aim of this study is to identify these tumours from other pancreatic neoplasms because complete resection is curative in most cases and provides long‐term survival.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients operated for SPTP between January 2000 and December 2018 was conducted. The collected data included age, gender, clinical findings, laboratory tests, radiological findings, anatomopathological examination, immunohistochemistry results, surgical treatment, mortality, morbidity and recurrence.ResultsTen cases of SPTP have been diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2018 representing 5.1% of all pancreatic tumours operated during this period (male/female: 2/8; median age 41.2 years; range 19–78 years). The most common symptom was abdominal pain and physical examination was normal in four of 10 cases. The most common tumour localization was the tail of the pancreas. The main tumour size was 7.2 cm (range 2–15 cm). One patient had abdominal disseminated disease. Surgical interventions were distal pancreatectomy in five cases, enucleation in one case, cephalic duodeno‐pancreatectomy in two cases, central pancreatectomy in one case and pancreatic biopsy in one case. Only one patient received adjuvant chemotherapy. During follow‐up, one patient died after 12 months and another developed unique hepatic metastasis that was resected.ConclusionAlthough it is delayed in diagnosis, the overall prognosis of these tumours remains good even with local recurrence and metastasis. Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice even in cases of recurrence.
Beyond Jobs vs Environment: On the Potential of Universal Basic Income to Reconfigure Environmental Politics
Authors: Lawhon Mary , McCreary Tyler 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe tension between creating jobs and protecting the environment remains central to contemporary environmental politics. Critical scholars have reworked the “jobs vs the environment” problematique, but how people will secure livelihoods in various imagined futures remains unclear. We demonstrate how a Universal Basic Income (UBI) that enacts a revitalised politics of redistribution, in conjunction with an active state, has the potential to rupture the link between employment and income. We suggest that such a UBI is complementary to various postcapitalist politics that fundamentally reorganise relationships between people, ecology, and labour. Further, such a UBI can enable the cultivation of new economic subjectivities, as well as the time needed for greater democratic engagement. Where radical environmental politics often configure a fearful agent of change, motivated by a dystopian imaginaries, we propose new radical visions for socioecological futures in which people have time for leisure, community, and democratic participation.
Letter: clinical outcomes of patients with hepatitis D infection in the liver transplant setting
Authors: Ferrarese Alberto , Sciarrone Salvatore , Gambato Martina , Germani Giacomo , Senzolo Marco , Boccagni Patrizia , Cillo Umberto , Burra Patriazia , Russo Francesco Paolo 
Published: January 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Brancaccio et al and Brancaccio and Gaeta papers. To view this articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15188 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15625.
Letter: the gap between guidelines and real clinical practice for dysplasia surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Mocciaro Filippo , Scimeca Daniela , Conte Elisabetta , Bonaccorso Ambra , Magro Bianca , Lo Mastro Michela , Di Mitri Roberto 
Published: January 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Iannone et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15493.
Randomised trial of acid inhibition by vonoprazan 10/20 mg once daily vs rabeprazole 10/20 mg twice daily in healthy Japanese volunteers (SAMURAI pH study)
Authors: Takeuchi Toshihisa , Furuta Takahisa , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Sugimoto Mitsushige , Kasugai Kunio , Kusano Motoyasu , Okada Hiroyuki , Suzuki Takahiro , Higuchi Tomohiro , Kagami Takuma , Uotani Takahiro , Yamade Mihoko , Sawada Akinari , Tanaka Fumio , Harada Satoshi , Ota Kazuhiro , Kojima Yuichi , Murata Masaki , Tamura Yasuhiro , Funaki Yasushi , Kawamura Osamu , Okamoto Yuki , Fujimoto Kazuma , Higuchi Kazuhide 
Published: January 2020

SummaryBackgroundVonoprazan (V), a potassium‐competitive acid blocker, has a more durable acid‐inhibitory effect as compared with standard‐dose proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) but has not been compared with 2‐4 times higher daily PPI doses administered in two divided doses.AimsTo evaluate the acid‐inhibitory effect of V 10/20 mg once‐daily (OD; V10/V20) vs rabeprazole (R) 10/20 mg twice‐daily (BID; R20/R40) in healthy Japanese volunteers.MethodsThis multicentre, randomised, open‐label, two‐period, crossover study compared V10 or V20 vs R20, or V20 vs R40 using three cohorts of 10 healthy Japanese adults. Within each cohort, subjects were randomised to receive V or R for 7 days and, following a washout period ≥7 days, the other treatment for 7 days. On day 6 of each period, 24‐hours multichannel gastric impedance‐pH monitoring was performed. Percent times pH ≥ 3, ≥4 and ≥5 (pH 3, 4 and 5 holding time ratios [HTRs]) in 24 hours were evaluated as primary pharmacodynamic endpoints.ResultsAcid‐inhibitory effect (24‐hours pH 3 HTR) of V20 was greater than those of R20 (91.0% vs 65.3%; P = .0049) and R40 (98.5% vs 85.9%; P = .0073). Similar results were obtained for 24‐hours pH 4 and 5 HTRs. V20 also achieved greater nocturnal pH 4 (91.5% vs 73.2%; P = .0319) and 5 HTRs (78.8% vs 62.2%; P = .0325) as compared with R40. One subject (20%) developed diarrhoea while receiving R40 which was considered treatment‐related.ConclusionsCompared with 2‐4 times the standard daily dose of R, V20 exerts a more potent and durable acid‐inhibitory effect. Trial identifier: UMIN000022198 (www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm).
Thresholds in woody and herbaceous component co‐existence inform the restoration of a fire‐dependent community
Authors: Vander Yacht Andrew L. , Keyser Patrick D. , Kwit Charles , Stambaugh Michael C. , Clatterbuck Wayne K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractQuestionsA paradoxical co‐existence challenges woodland and savanna restoration worldwide: How are shade‐intolerant, flammable herbaceous layers promoted while maintaining the shade‐casting, more fire‐sensitive woody regeneration that sustains overstorey structure? Where restoration success consisted of robust, diverse herbaceous layers and vigorous, well‐stocked Pinus echinata regeneration (hereafter, shortleaf‐bluestem response), we asked: are there targetable conditions of overstorey, understorey, topography, and proximity to mature Pinus echinata that simultaneously maximize desired woody and herbaceous understorey components? Do these conditions and dependent responses differ across canopy disturbance level and fire season?LocationCumberland Plateau, Tennessee, USA (36°04′8.11″ N, 84°50′38.36″ W).MethodsWe measured 12 shortleaf‐bluestem response and 17 explanatory condition variables at 345 plots spanning an experimental restoration gradient (canopy disturbance level and fire season combinations). We ordinated variation and identified response thresholds using a multivariate regression tree. Differences across tree groupings and splits associated response thresholds with specific explanatory conditions.ResultsPockets of substantial Pinus echinata regeneration (>3,000 stems/ha), C4 grass density (>40,000 ramets/ha), and herbaceous diversity (increase from 22 to 205 species) occurred 7–14 years after canopy disturbance and 3–8 fires. Such shortleaf‐bluestem response was maximized at 3 m2/ha residual tree basal area, 11% canopy closure, reduced midstorey density (5,000 small‐sapling stems/ha), and southwesterly aspects within 70 m of mature Pinus echinata. In contrast, shortleaf‐bluestem response was negligible at 11.3 m2/ha basal area and 68% canopy closure. Fire season, snag basal area, slope, and slope position effects were minimal.ConclusionsWe identified specific conditions fostering the co‐existence of desired herbaceous and woody understorey components, addressing a major woodland and savanna restoration challenge and expanding on previous threshold concept applications by simultaneously considering multiple desired responses. Results can direct the restoration of imperiled shortleaf‐bluestem communities east of the Mississippi River, USA, where work has been scarce or ineffective, and similar approaches could inform fire‐dependent woodland and savanna restoration worldwide.
The Development of Academic Achievement and Cognitive Abilities: A Bidirectional Perspective
Authors: Peng Peng , Kievit Rogier A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDeveloping academic skills and cognitive abilities is critical for children's development. In this article, we review evidence from recent research on the bidirectional relations between academic achievement and cognitive abilities. Our findings suggest that (a) reading/mathematics and cognitive abilities (i.e., working memory, reasoning, and executive function) predict each other in development, (b) direct academic instruction positively affects the development of reasoning, and (c) such bidirectional relations between cognitive abilities and academic achievement seem weaker among children with disadvantages (e.g., those with special needs or low socioeconomic status). Together, these findings are in line with the theory of mutualism and the transactional model. They suggest that sustained and high‐quality schooling and education directly foster children's academic and cognitive development, and may indirectly affect academic and cognitive development by triggering cognitive‐academic bidirectionality.Developing academic skills and cognitive abilities is critical for children's development. In this article, we review evidence from recent research on the bidirectional relations between academic achievement and cognitive abilities. Our findings suggest that (a) reading/mathematics and cognitive abilities (i.e., working memory, reasoning, and executive function) predict each other in development, (b) direct academic instruction positively affects the development of reasoning, and (c) such bidirectional relations between cognitive abilities and academic achievement seem weaker among children with disadvantages (e.g., those with special needs or low socioeconomic status). Together, these findings are in line with the theory of mutualism and the transactional model. They suggest that sustained and high‐quality schooling and education directly foster children's academic and cognitive development, and may indirectly affect academic and cognitive development by triggering cognitive‐academic bidirectionality.
Canadian transplant nephrologists’ perspectives on the decision‐making process for accepting or refusing a kidney from a deceased organ donor
Authors: Cardinal Héloïse , Ballesteros Gallego Fabian , Affdal Aliya , Fortin Marie‐Chantal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundKidney transplantation is the best treatment for patients with end‐stage renal disease. The decision to accept a kidney from a deceased donor can be a difficult one, especially when organs from high KDPI (>85%) donors are offered. This study aims to capture the perspectives of transplant nephrologists (TNs) on the decision‐making process when an organ is offered.MethodsFifteen Canadian TNs took part in semi‐structured interviews between December 2017 and April 2018. The interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the thematic analysis method.ResultsThe decision to accept a deceased‐donor kidney offer is a medical one for the participants. However, transplant candidates could be involved when the offered kidney is from a donor with a KDPI >85% or increased infectious risk donor. The TNs’ past experience, comprehensive data on the donor, and education of the transplant candidate could facilitate the decision‐making process. A decision aid could also facilitate the decision‐making process, but different concerns should be addressed.ConclusionAlthough accepting a deceased‐donor organ offer is often viewed as an opportunity for shared decision‐making, participants in this study viewed the decision to accept or refuse an offer as a medical decision with little room for patient participation.
Mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase‐2 deletion modifies ventral tegmental area function and connectivity and alters reward processing
Authors: Pytka Karolina , Dawson Neil , Tossell Kyoko , Ungless Mark A. , Plevin Robin , Brett Ros R. , Bushell Trevor J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate normal brain functioning, and their dysfunction is implicated in a number of brain disorders. Thus, there is great interest in understanding the signalling systems that control MAPK functioning. One family of proteins that contribute to this process, the mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatases (MKPs), directly inactivate MAPKs through dephosphorylation. Recent studies have identified novel functions of MKPs in foetal development, the immune system, cancer and synaptic plasticity and memory. In the present study, we performed an unbiased investigation using MKP‐2−/− mice to assess whether MKP‐2 plays a global role in modulating brain function. Local cerebral glucose utilization is significantly increased in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of MKP‐2−/− mice, with connectivity analysis revealing alterations in VTA functional connectivity, including a significant reduction in connectivity to the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. In addition, spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current frequency, but not amplitude, onto putative dopamine neurons in the VTA is increased in MKP‐2−/− mice, which indicates that increased excitatory drive may account for the increased VTA glucose utilization. Consistent with modified VTA function and connectivity, in behavioural tests MKP‐2−/− mice exhibited increased sucrose preference and impaired amphetamine‐induced hyperlocomotion. Overall, these data reveal that MKP‐2 plays a role in modulating VTA function and that its dysfunction may contribute to brain disorders in which altered reward processing is present.