bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hope During Conflict
Authors: Leshem Oded Adomi , Halperin Eran 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe most deeply rooted international conflicts are termed intractable conflicts. Intractable conflicts are violent disputes that demand extensive investment from the rival parties and persist for a long time. These conflicts also share a more subjective quality: those embroiled in such severe disputes perceive them as innately irresolvable. Unsurprisingly, after decades of intergroup violence and hostility, citizens’ hope for peace is almost absent. Yet hope is an essential component in the pursuit of any political change, including the pursuit of peace. To promote the resolution of intractable conflicts, it is vital to accurately assess the levels of hope for peace in these severe disputes and explore hope’s origins and broader political consequences. This chapter addresses some of these issues by presenting the findings of a large-scale survey on hope for peace administered in one of the most longstanding intractable disputes today, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The survey is part of a larger global attitudes project that aims to map the hopes for peace of citizens living in conflict zones. Examining hope for peace among Palestinians from the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, and Jews from Israel, this chapter reaveals some of the demographic and sociopolitical antecedes of hope for peace and demonstrate hope’s effect on braoder political attitudes. Overall, findings suggest that hope is not only an obvious outcome of a successful peace process; it is also one of its sources.
An Ontology of Human Flourishing: Economic Development and Epistemologies of Faith, Hope, and Love
Authors: van Vliet Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter demonstrates that the presence of poverty, and its associated pathologies, is of concern to all humankind whose innate desire is to seek the flourishing of fellow humanity. The traditional, often unsuccessful, methods of poverty alleviation have been challenged in creative, bold, and refreshing ways that are superior in both identifying poverty and moving agencies and pathways toward greater success. This involves a technical application of quantitative microeconomics which is paired with expertise and insights on human behavior gleaned from the behavioral sciences. It turns out that human behavior is often better explained by behavioral categories such as hope than by traditional assumptions of rationality. Drawing from the western philosophical and Christian theistic traditions (between which there is considerable overlap), this innate desire to hope is explained as part of that triad of virtues—faith, hope, and love—that comprise the epicenter of the human condition. The Christian-theistic tradition postulates that this condition of hope for a physically and metaphysically-redeemed humanity requires certain lived behaviors in the present, even as we approach, ultimately, the very telos of our existence. Paramount among these behaviors is the pursuit of socio-economic justice. Much use is made of narratives to illustrate the lived reality of those living in desperation but buoyed by hope.
Hope in Theology
Authors: Elliot David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs social, civic, and global anxieties mount, the need to overcome despair has become urgent. This chapter draws on St. Thomas Aquinas and virtue ethics to propose the theological virtue of hope as a powerful source of rejuvenation. It argues for the necessary place of theology in reflection on hope due to the religious origins of hope as a central human aspiration and virtue capable of resilience. The virtue of hope, it is suggested, sustains us from the sloth and despair that threaten amid injustice, tragedy, and death; it provides an ultimate meaning and transcendent purpose to our lives; and it encourages us “on the way” (in via) with the prospect of eternal beatitude. Rather than degrading this life and world, hope ordains earthly goods to our eschatological end, forming us to pursue justice and social tasks with a resilience and vitality that transcend widespread cynicism and disillusionment. While hope ultimately seeks the kingdom of God, it can be concluded that it contributes richly to personal happiness and the common good, even in this life, and that this may be affirmed by those who do not share the theological premises.
Hope in Economics
Authors: Pleeging Emma , Burger Martijn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs a topic of research in economics, hope has not been very prevalent. Following the neo-classical paradigm, economists have tended to focus on rationality, self-interest, and universals. A normative and subjective experience such as hope was not believed to fit well with this perspective. However, the development of several heterodox economic approaches over the past decades, such as behavioral economics, has led to renewed attention being given to emotion, subjectivity, and normativity. Economic research on concepts related to hope, such as anticipatory feelings, (consumer) confidence, expectations and aspirations has consequently increased. In general, these studies find that hopeful feelings have a strong motivating power for (economic) behavior. By and large, the effects of hope seem to be positive, ranging from longevity and health to innovation and well-being. Nonetheless, there have also been indications that prompt caution, for example when it comes to false hopes, disappointment, or possible manipulation of societal hope. The field of economics has gained much valuable insight from existing research but we argue that it could gain from further definitional clarity. We discuss the difference between hope and related concepts such as optimism, in particular when it comes to economic research, and suggest topics for future research that could benefit from a focus on hope.
Concomitants of ternary quartics and vector-valued Siegel and Teichmüller modular forms of genus three
Authors: Cléry Fabien , Faber Carel , van der Geer Gerard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe show how one can use the representation theory of ternary quartics to construct all vector-valued Siegel modular forms and Teichmüller modular forms of degree 3. The relation between the order of vanishing of a concomitant on the locus of double conics and the order of vanishing of the corresponding modular form on the hyperelliptic locus plays an important role. We also determine the connection between Teichmüller cusp forms on$$\overline{\mathcal {M}}_{g}$$M¯gand the middle cohomology of symplectic local systems on$${\mathcal {M}}_{g}\,$$Mg. In genus 3, we make this explicit in a large number of cases.
BRAIDED COMMUTATIVE ALGEBRAS OVER QUANTIZED ENVELOPING ALGEBRAS
Authors: LAUGWITZ ROBERT , WALTON CHELSEA 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe produce braided commutative algebras in braided monoidal categories by generalizing Davydov’s full center construction of commutative algebras in centers of monoidal categories. Namely, we build braided commutative algebras in relative monoidal centers$$ {\mathcal{Z}}_{\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}}\left(\mathcal{C}\right) $$ZℬCfrom algebras in ℬ-central monoidal categories$$ \mathcal{C} $$C, where ℬ is an arbitrary braided monoidal category; Davydov’s (and previous works of others) take place in the special case when ℬ is the category of vector spaces$$ {\mathbf{Vect}}_{\mathbbm{K}} $$VectKover a field$$ \mathbbm{K} $$K. Since key examples of relative monoidal centers are suitable representation categories of quantized enveloping algebras, we supply braided commutative module algebras over such quantum groups. One application of our work is that we produce Morita invariants for algebras in ℬ-central monoidal categories. Moreover, for a large class of ℬ-central monoidal categories, our braided commutative algebras arise as a braided version of centralizer algebras. This generalizes the fact that centers of algebras in$$ {\mathbf{Vect}}_{\mathbbm{K}} $$VectKserve as Morita invariants. Many examples are provided throughout.
Exploring sample preparation and data evaluation strategies for enhanced identification of host cell proteins in drug products of therapeutic antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins
Authors: Esser-Skala Wolfgang , Segl Marius , Wohlschlager Therese , Reisinger Veronika , Holzmann Johann , Huber Christian G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractManufacturing of biopharmaceuticals involves recombinant protein expression in host cells followed by extensive purification of the target protein. Yet, host cell proteins (HCPs) may persist in the final drug product, potentially reducing its quality with respect to safety and efficacy. Consequently, residual HCPs are closely monitored during downstream processing by techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The latter is especially attractive as it provides information with respect to protein identities. Although the applied HPLC-MS/MS methodologies are frequently optimized with respect to HCP identification, acquired data is typically analyzed using standard settings. Here, we describe an improved strategy for evaluating HPLC-MS/MS data of HCP-derived peptides, involving probabilistic protein inference and peptide detection in the absence of fragment ion spectra. This data analysis workflow was applied to data obtained for drug products of various biotherapeutics upon protein A affinity depletion. The presented data evaluation strategy enabled in-depth comparative analysis of the HCP repertoires identified in drug products of the monoclonal antibodies rituximab and bevacizumab, as well as the fusion protein etanercept. In contrast to commonly applied ELISA strategies, the here presented workflow is process-independent and may be implemented into existing HPLC-MS/MS setups for drug product characterization and process development.
Equivariant K-Theory and Refined Vafa–Witten Invariants
Authors: Thomas Richard P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn Maulik and Thomas (in preparation) the Vafa–Witten theory of complex projective surfaces is lifted to oriented $${\mathbb {C}}^*$$

C

∗

-equivariant cohomology theories. Here we study the K-theoretic refinement. It gives rational functions in $$t^{1/2}$$

t

1
/
2

invariant under $$t^{1/2}\leftrightarrow t^{-1/2}$$

t

1
/
2

↔

t

-
1
/
2

which specialise to numerical Vafa–Witten invariants at $$t=1$$

t
=
1

. On the “instanton branch” the invariants give the virtual $$\chi ^{}_{-t}$$

χ

-
t

-genus refinement of Göttsche–Kool, extended to allow for strictly semistable sheaves. Applying modularity to their calculations gives predictions for the contribution of the “monopole branch”. We calculate some cases and find perfect agreement. We also do calculations on K3 surfaces, finding Jacobi forms refining the usual modular forms, proving a conjecture of Göttsche–Kool. We determine the K-theoretic virtual classes of degeneracy loci using Eagon–Northcott complexes, and show they calculate refined Vafa–Witten invariants. Using this Laarakker (Monopole contributions to refined Vafa–Witten invariants. arXiv:1810.00385) proves universality results for the invariants.
Contralateral parenchymal enhancement on breast MRI before and during neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in relation to the preoperative endocrine prognostic index
Authors: Ragusi Max A. A. , Loo Claudette E. , van der Velden Bas H. M. , Wesseling Jelle , Linn Sabine C. , Beets-Tan Regina G. , Elias Sjoerd G. , Gilhuijs Kenneth G. A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate whether contralateral parenchymal enhancement (CPE) on MRI during neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) is associated with the preoperative endocrine prognostic index (PEPI) of ER+/HER2− breast cancer.

Methods
This retrospective observational cohort study included 40 unilateral ER+/HER2− breast cancer patients treated with NET. Patients received NET for 6 to 9 months with MRI response monitoring after 3 and/or 6 months. PEPI was used as endpoint. PEPI is based on surgery-derived pathology (pT- and pN-stage, Ki67, and ER-status) and stratifies patients in three groups with distinct prognoses. Mixed effects and ROC analysis were performed to investigate whether CPE was associated with PEPI and to assess discriminatory ability.

Results
The median patient age was 61 (interquartile interval: 52, 69). Twelve patients had PEPI-1 (good prognosis), 15 PEPI-2 (intermediate), and 13 PEPI-3 (poor). High pretreatment CPE was associated with PEPI-3: pretreatment CPE was 39.4% higher on average (95% CI = 1.3, 91.9%; p = .047) compared with PEPI-1. CPE decreased after 3 months in PEPI-2 and PEPI-3. The average reduction was 24.4% (95% CI = 2.6, 41.3%; p = .032) in PEPI-2 and 29.2% (95% CI = 7.8, 45.6%; p = .011) in PEPI-3 compared with baseline. Change in CPE was predictive of PEPI-1 vs PEPI-2+3 (AUC = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.57, 0.96).

Conclusions
CPE during NET is associated with PEPI-group in ER+/HER2− breast cancer: a high pretreatment CPE and a decrease in CPE during NET were associated with a poor prognosis after NET on the basis of PEPI.

Key Points
• Change in contralateral breast parenchymal enhancement on MRI during neoadjuvant endocrine therapy distinguished between patients with a good and intermediate/poor prognosis at final pathology.
• Patients with a poor prognosis at final pathology showed higher baseline parenchymal enhancement on average compared to patients with a good prognosis.
• Patients with an intermediate/poor prognosis at final pathology showed a higher average reduction in parenchymal enhancement after 3 months of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy.
The effect of bilingualism on brain development from early childhood to young adulthood
Authors: Pliatsikas Christos , Meteyard Lotte , Veríssimo João , DeLuca Vincent , Shattuck Kyle , Ullman Michael T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBilingualism affects the structure of the brain in adults, as evidenced by experience-dependent grey and white matter changes in brain structures implicated in language learning, processing, and control. However, limited evidence exists on how bilingualism may influence brain development. We examined the developmental patterns of both grey and white matter structures in a cross-sectional study of a large sample (n = 711 for grey matter, n = 637 for white matter) of bilingual and monolingual participants, aged 3–21 years. Metrics of grey matter (thickness, volume, and surface area) and white matter (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) were examined across 41 cortical and subcortical brain structures and 20 tracts, respectively. We used generalized additive modelling to analyze whether, how, and where the developmental trajectories of bilinguals and monolinguals might differ. Bilingual and monolingual participants manifested distinct developmental trajectories in both grey and white matter structures. As compared to monolinguals, bilinguals showed: (a) more grey matter (less developmental loss) starting during late childhood and adolescence, mainly in frontal and parietal regions (particularly in the inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis, superior frontal cortex, inferior and superior parietal cortex, and precuneus); and (b) higher white matter integrity (greater developmental increase) starting during mid-late adolescence, specifically in striatal–inferior frontal fibers. The data suggest that there may be a developmental basis to the well-documented structural differences in the brain between bilingual and monolingual adults.
Anomalous diffusion of random walk on random planar maps
Authors: Gwynne Ewain , Hutchcroft Tom 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe prove that the simple random walk on the uniform infinite planar triangulation (UIPT) typically travels graph distance at most $$n^{1/4 + o_n(1)}$$

n

1
/
4
+

o
n

(
1
)

in n units of time. Together with the complementary lower bound proven by Gwynne and Miller (2017) this shows that the typical graph distance displacement of the walk after n steps is $$n^{1/4 + o_n(1)}$$

n

1
/
4
+

o
n

(
1
)

, as conjectured by Benjamini and Curien (Geom Funct Anal 2(2):501–531, 2013. arXiv:1202.5454). More generally, we show that the simple random walks on a certain family of random planar maps in the $$\gamma $$
γ
-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) universality class for $$\gamma \in (0,2)$$

γ
∈
(
0
,
2
)

—including spanning tree-weighted maps, bipolar-oriented maps, and mated-CRT maps—typically travels graph distance $$n^{1/d_\gamma + o_n(1)}$$

n

1
/

d
γ

+

o
n

(
1
)

in n units of time, where $$d_\gamma $$

d
γ

is the growth exponent for the volume of a metric ball on the map, which was shown to exist and depend only on $$\gamma $$
γ
by Ding and Gwynne (Commun Math Phys 374:1877–1934, 2018. arXiv:1807.01072). Since $$d_\gamma > 2$$

d
γ

>
2

, this shows that the simple random walk on each of these maps is subdiffusive. Our proofs are based on an embedding of the random planar maps under consideration into $${\mathbb {C}}$$
C
wherein graph distance balls can be compared to Euclidean balls modulo subpolynomial errors. This embedding arises from a coupling of the given random planar map with a mated-CRT map together with the relationship of the latter map to SLE-decorated LQG.
Faster & strong: string dictionary compression using sampling and fast vectorized decompression
Authors: Lasch Robert , Oukid Ismail , Dementiev Roman , May Norman , Demirsoy Suleyman S. , Sattler Kai-Uwe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractString dictionaries constitute a large portion of the memory footprint of database applications. While strong string dictionary compression algorithms exist, these come with impractical access and compression times. Therefore, lightweight algorithms such as front coding (PFC) are favored in practice. This paper endeavors to make strong string dictionary compression practical. We focus on Re-Pair Front Coding (RPFC), a grammar-based compression algorithm, since it consistently offers better compression ratios than other algorithms in the literature. To accelerate compression times, we propose block-based RPFC (BRPFC) which consists in independently compressing small blocks of the dictionary. For further accelerated compression times especially on large string dictionaries, we also propose an alternative version of BRPFC that uses sampling to speed up compression. Moreover, to accelerate access times, we devise a vectorized access method, using $$\hbox {Intel}^{\circledR }$$

Intel
®

Advanced Vector Extensions 512 ($$\hbox {Intel}^{\circledR }$$

Intel
®

AVX-512). Our experimental evaluation shows that sampled BRPFC offers compression times up to 190 $$\times $$
×
faster than RPFC, and random string lookups 2.3 $$\times $$
×
faster than RPFC on average. These results move our modified RPFC into a practical range for use in database systems because the overhead of Re-Pair-based compression for access times can be reduced by 2 $$\times $$
×
.
Low-dose methadone for refractory chronic migraine accompanied by medication-overuse headache: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Benemei Silvia , Lupi Chiara , De Cesaris Francesco , Lombardi Niccolò , Bettiol Alessandra , Chiarugi Alberto , Geppetti Pierangelo , Galli Valentina , Pracucci Chiara , Occupati Brunella , Mannaioni Guido 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives
A refractory chronic migraine (RCM) accompanied by medication-overuse headache (MOH) is an extremely disabling disease. Evidence suggests that in selected patients, chronic opioids may be a valuable therapeutic option for RCM. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of prophylaxis with low-dose methadone (LDM) in patients affected by RCM with continuous headache and MOH.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was performed between May 2012 and November 2015 at the Headache Center and Toxicology Unit of the Careggi University Hospital. Eligible patients were treated with prophylactic LDM and followed up for 12 months. Headache exacerbations, pain intensity, use of rescue medications, and occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were recorded.

Results
Thirty patients (24 females, median age 48 years) were enrolled. Nineteen (63%) patients dropped out, mainly because of early ADRs (n = 10), including nausea, vomiting, and constipation. At last available follow-up, LDM was associated with a significant decrease in the number of headache attacks/month (from a median of 45 (interquartile range 30–150) to 16 (5–30), p < 0.001), in pain intensity (from 8.5 (8–9) to 5 (3–6), p < 0.001), and in the number of rescue medications consumed per month (from 95 (34–240) to 15 (3–28), p < 0.001). No misuse or diversion cases were observed.

Conclusion
LDM could represent a valuable and effective option in selected patients affected by RCM with continuous headache and MOH, although the frequency of early ADRs poses major safety concerns. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of LDM prophylaxis.
Are antiangiogenics a good ‘partner’ for immunotherapy in ovarian cancer?
Authors: García-Martínez Elena , Redondo Andres , Piulats Josep Maria , Rodríguez Analía , Casado Antonio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is associated with poor survival because there are a limited number of effective therapies. Two processes key to OC progression, angiogenesis and immune evasion, act synergistically to promote tumor progression. Tumor-associated angiogenesis promotes immune evasion, and tumor-related immune responses in the peritoneal cavity and tumor microenvironment (TME) affect neovascular formation. Therefore, suppressing the angiogenic pathways could facilitate the arrival of immune effector cells and reduce the presence of myeloid cells involved in immune suppression. To date, clinical studies have shown significant benefits with antiangiogenic therapy as first-line therapy in OC, as well as in recurrent disease, and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor bevacizumab is now an established therapy. Clinical data with immunomodulators in OC are more limited, but suggest that they could benefit some patients with recurrent disease. The preliminary results of two phase III trials have shown that the addition of immunomodulators to chemotherapy does not improve progression-free survival. For this reason, it could be interesting to look for synergistic effects between immunomodulators and other active drugs in OC. Since bevacizumab is approved for use in OC, and is tolerable when used in combination with immunotherapy in other indications, a number of clinical studies are underway to investigate the use of bevacizumab in combination with immunotherapeutic agents in OC. This strategy seeks to normalize the TME via the anti-VEGF actions of bevacizumab, while simultaneously stimulating the immune response via the immunotherapy. Results of these studies are awaited with interest.