bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No basal or drug‐induced sex differences in striatal dopaminergic levels: a cluster and meta‐analysis of rat microdialysis studies
Authors: Egenrieder Lisamon , Mitricheva Ekaterina , Spanagel Rainer , Noori Hamid R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSex differences in behavioural patterns of drug abuse and dependence have been hypothesized to be a consequence of sexual dimorphisms in brain pathways, particularly within the dopaminergic reward circuitry. Yet, how potential sex differences are manifested at a neurochemical level remains unclear. Here, we use a meta‐analysis approach to investigate whether animal studies robustly indicate a different regulation of striatal dopamine transmission in males and females. Data from 39 microdialysis experiments on female rats (n = 676) were extracted and statistically compared with data from 1523 male rats. All drugs of abuse, independent of their molecular mechanisms of action, notably increase extracellular dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and caudate putamen (CPu). No significant sex differences in basal levels or in dopaminergic response to drugs of abuse were found. However, basal dopamine levels in CPu (but not NAc) were significantly altered by ovariectomy. In conclusion, there are no sex‐dependent differences in basal dopamine levels within the NAc and CPu. Previously reported sex differences in the CPu seem to be a result of ovariectomy and may only to a lesser, non‐significant degree be attributed to a sexual duality.
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Protein kinase inhibitors infused intraventricularly or into the ventromedial hypothalamus block short latency facilitation of lordosis by oestradiol
Authors: Domínguez‐Ordóñez Raymundo , García‐Juárez Marcos , Lima‐Hernández Francisco J. , Gómora‐Arrati Porfirio , Domínguez‐Salazar Emilio , Luna‐Hernández Ailyn , Hoffman Kurt L. , Blaustein Jeffrey D. , Etgen Anne M. , González‐Flores Oscar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn injection of unesterified oestradiol (E2) facilitates receptive behaviour in E2 benzoate (EB)‐primed, ovariectomised female rats when it is administered i.c.v. or systemically. The present study tested the hypothesis that inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase G (PKG) or the Src/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) complex interfere with E2 facilitation of receptive behaviour. In Experiment 1, lordosis induced by i.c.v. infusion of E2 was significantly reduced by i.c.v. administration of Rp‐cAMPS, a PKA inhibitor, KT5823, a PKG inhibitor, and PP2 and PD98059, Src and MAPK inhibitors, respectively, between 30 and 240 minutes after infusion. In Experiment 2, we determined whether the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is one of the neural sites at which those intracellular pathways participate in lordosis behaviour induced by E2. Administration of each of the four protein kinase inhibitors into the VMH blocked facilitation of lordosis induced by infusion of E2 also into the VMH. These data support the hypothesis that activation of several protein kinase pathways is involved in the facilitation of lordosis by E2 in EB‐primed rats.
The external effects of inner‐city shopping centers: Evidence from the Netherlands
Authors: Zhang Song , van Duijn Mark , van der Vlist Arno J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractShopping center redevelopment is inevitable to remain attractive for consumers. In this paper, we investigate the external effects of shopping center redevelopment on nearby residential property prices. Using a difference‐in‐difference empirical framework, we find the redevelopment has positive external effects on nearby property prices. We find the price of a property located next to a redeveloped shopping center increases by 1.43% on average just after redevelopment. Our results indicate that these positive external effects wear off rather rapidly across space and over time. This suggests that shopping center redevelopment plays a substantial, but limited, role in combating neighborhood deprivation.
Prevalence and risk factors of gross motor delay in pre‐schoolers
Authors: Veldman Sanne LC , Jones Rachel A , Chandler Paul , Robinson Leah E , Okely Anthony D 
Published: November 2019

AimGross motor skills are important for children's health and development. Delays in these skills are a concern for healthy developmental trajectories and therefore early identification of delay is important. This study screened for gross motor delay in children from low‐income communities and investigated potential risk factors associated with gross motor delay.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved 701 pre‐schoolers (Mage = 54.1 ± 8.6 months, 52.8% boys) from childcare services in low‐income and remote communities in Australia. Gross motor delay was assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire – third edition. Potential risk factors included: sex, age, birthweight, prematurity status, weight status, childcare service, postcode, parent's education, parent's marital status, parent's employment and family income.ResultsResults showed 4.4% of the children were delayed in gross motor skills and 8.8% were at risk of delay. Logistic regression showed being a boy (odds ratio (OR) 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–2.84), underweight (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.18–6.30) or overweight (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.00–3.33), and parental unemployment (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.01–3.16) were factors associated with a higher odds of children being delayed or at risk of gross motor delay. A higher family income (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.13–0.93) was associated with lower odds of delay.ConclusionThis unique study demonstrated children in low‐income communities, especially boys, underweight and overweight children, have higher odds of being at risk of gross motor delay. Therefore, early screening is vital in this population in order to identify delays and potentially intervene with appropriate motor skill interventions.
Hypothetical treatment of patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis: Potential impact on important clinical outcomes
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Tampi Radhika P. , Nader Fatema , Younossi Issah M. , Cable Rebecca , Srishord Manirath , Racila Andrei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsCurrently, standard of care (SOC) treatment for NASH is limited to lifestyle modifications. Drug regimens are being evaluated currently. We assessed the impact of a short‐term hypothetical treatment on clinical outcomes of NASH.MethodsMarkov models estimated differences in outcomes between SOC and 2 hypothetical NASH treatments (A and B). We modelled 10 000 50‐year‐old biopsy‐proven NASH patients over lifetime horizon. Health states included NASH with fibrosis (F1‐F3), cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplant and mortality. Fibrosis Regression Factor (FRF) variable modelled the probability of 1‐3 stage fibrosis improvement with treatment. Annual probability of treatment (ATP) ranged from 10%‐70%. Treatment success was defined as regression to fibrosis, whereas failure was defined as progression to stages beyond cirrhosis. In treatment‐A, successful treatment was followed by a maintenance regimen which stopped disease progression. After a successful treatment‐B, patients remained at risk of disease progression. Differences in outcomes were calculated between both treatments and SOC models. We conducted a probabilistic sensitivity analysis.ResultsAt 10% to 70% ATP, treatment‐A averts 353 to 782 liver transplants and 1277 to 2381 liver‐related deaths relative to SOC. Treatment‐B averts 129 to 437 liver transplants and 386 to 1043 liver‐related deaths.Sensitivity analysis shows our model is robust in estimating liver‐related mortality and LTs averted, but is sensitive when estimating QALYs gained.ConclusionsWith a small annual probability of treatment and FRF = 1, a 2‐year treatment followed by maintenance of histologic improvement for patients would be highly beneficial relative to short‐term treatment alone.
Nonverbal Ability and Scientific Vocabulary Predict Children's Causal Reasoning in Science Better than Generic Language
Authors: Dündar‐Coecke Selma , Tolmie Andrew 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTVerbal and nonverbal forms of thinking exhibit widespread dissociation at neural and behavioral level. The importance of this for children's causal thinking and its implications for school science are largely unknown. Assessing 5‐ to 10‐year‐olds' responses (N = 231), verbal ability predicted causal reasoning, but only at lower levels, while nonverbal ability was the strongest predictor at higher levels of causal inference. We also distinguished between generic and scientific vocabulary use (n = 101). The results showed that use of scientific vocabulary predicted causal reasoning beyond generic, and connected more to nonverbal thinking. The findings highlighted the importance of elementary school science activities supporting application of nonverbal ability in thinking about causal processes; the benefits of linking nonverbal imagery to scientific vocabulary; and shortcomings in understanding of the forms/sources of nonverbal ability and their role in learning.
Translanguaging and Public Service Encounters: Language Learning in the Library
Authors: CREESE ANGELA , BLACKLEDGE ADRIAN 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article explores the information desk of a city library as a site for language learning. Using a linguistic ethnographic approach, the interactions between a customer experience and information assistant and the many library users who approach her information desk were analysed. Findings are that, in addition to providing information about library resources, information desks are sites at which bits and pieces of different languages are taught and learned. Such language teaching and learning episodes created interactions of inclusion and welcome that went far beyond purely transactional information. Rather, language‐related episodes created moments of human contact and engagement, which were upheld through the translanguaging practices of interactants, the disposition and workplace competence of library staff, and the spatial ecology of the information desk. Furthermore, the article contributes to ongoing theoretical debates about translanguaging by noting that normativity and pressure toward uniformity are as much a part of languaging processes as creativity and flexibility. Our definition of translanguaging recognises the opposing pull of centrifugal and centripetal forces. The article ends by asking what schools, and language education, might learn from public libraries in creating arenas that maintain communitarianism, diversity of expression, and the development of civic skills.
PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 7 is important for early responses to elevated temperature in Arabidopsis seedlings
Authors: Fiorucci Anne-Sophie , Galvão Vinicius Costa , Ince Yetkin Çaka , Boccaccini Alessandra , Goyal Anupama , Allenbach Petrolati Laure , Trevisan Martine , Fankhauser Christian 
Published: November 2019

Summary

In response to elevated ambient temperature Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings display a thermomorphogenic response that includes elongation of hypocotyls and petioles. Phytochrome B and cryptochrome 1 are two photoreceptors also playing a role in thermomorphogenesis. Downstream of both environmental sensors PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) is essential to trigger this response at least in part through the production of the growth promoting hormone auxin.
Using a genetic approach, we identified PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 7 (PIF7) as a novel player for thermomorphogenesis and compared the phenotypes of pif7 and pif4 mutants. We investigated the role of PIF7 during temperature‐regulated gene expression and the regulation of PIF7 transcript and protein by temperature.
Furthermore, pif7 and pif4 loss‐of‐function mutants were similarly unresponsive to increased temperature. This included hypocotyl elongation and induction of genes encoding auxin biosynthetic or signalling proteins. PIF7 bound to the promoters of auxin biosynthesis and signalling genes. In response to temperature elevation PIF7 transcripts decreased while PIF7 protein levels increased rapidly.
Our results reveal the importance of PIF7 for thermomorphogenesis and indicate that PIF7 and PIF4 likely depend on each other possibly by forming heterodimers. Elevated temperature rapidly enhances PIF7 protein accumulation, which may contribute to the thermomorphogenic response.
Functional genomics analysis reveals two novel genes required for littorine biosynthesis
Authors: Qiu Fei , Zeng Junlan , Wang Jing , Huang Jian‐Ping , Zhou Wei , Yang Chunxian , Lan Xiaozhong , Chen Min , Huang Sheng‐Xiong , Kai Guoyin , Liao Zhihua 
Published: November 2019

Summary

Some medicinal plants of the Solanaceae produce pharmaceutical tropane alkaloids (TAs), such as hyoscyamine and scopolamine. Littorine is a key biosynthetic intermediate in the hyoscyamine and scopolamine biosynthetic pathways. However, the mechanism underlying littorine formation from the precursors phenyllactate and tropine is not completely understood.
Here, we report the elucidation of littorine biosynthesis through a functional genomics approach and functional identification of two novel biosynthesis genes that encode phenyllactate UDP‐glycosyltransferase (UGT1) and littorine synthase (LS).
UGT1 and LS are highly and specifically expressed in Atropa belladonna secondary roots. Suppression of either UGT1 or LS disrupted the biosynthesis of littorine and its TA derivatives (hyoscyamine and scopolamine). Purified His‐tagged UGT1 catalysed phenyllactate glycosylation to form phenyllactylglucose. UGT1 and LS co‐expression in tobacco leaves led to littorine synthesis if tropine and phenyllactate were added.
This identification of UGT1 and LS provides the missing link in littorine biosynthesis. The results pave the way for producing hyoscyamine and scopolamine for medical use by metabolic engineering or synthetic biology.
Private Sector Debt, Financial Constraints, and the Effects of Monetary Policy: Evidence from the US
Authors: Breitenlechner Max , Scharler Johann 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe characterize the response of U.S. real GDP to monetary policy shocks conditional on the level of private sector debt and the degree to which financial constraints are binding. To incorporate state‐dependent effects of monetary policy, we use the local projection framework. We find that although the amount of private sector debt potentially weakens the monetary policy transmission mechanism, policy shocks exert substantially larger effects on output when high private debt coincides with binding financial constraints.
Transmission of a Resource Boom: The Case of Australia
Authors: Dungey Mardi , Fry‐Mckibbin Renee , Volkov Vladimir 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper presents evidence on the macroeconomic adjustment of a resource‐rich country to a resource boom using the effects of Chinese industrialization on Australia from 1988 to 2016. An SVAR model is specified, incorporating a proxy for Chinese resource demand and commodity prices to identify the effects of commodity supply and demand shocks on the Australian macroeconomy. We develop a multivariate historical decomposition to show how resource sector shocks lead the economy to deviate from a long‐run projection. The paper identifies four phases of the transmission of the resource boom before its conclusion in 2015.
Transcription factor BnaA9.WRKY47 contributes to the adaptation of Brassica napus to low boron stress by up‐regulating the boric acid channel gene BnaA3.NIP5;1
Authors: Feng Yingna , Cui Rui , Wang Sheliang , He Mingliang , Hua Yingpeng , Shi Lei , Ye Xiangsheng , Xu Fangsen 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBoron (B) deficiency is one of the major causes of growth inhibition and yield reduction in Brassica napus (B. napus). However, the molecular mechanisms of low B adaptation in B. napus are largely unknown. Here, fifty‐one BnaWRKY transcription factors were identified as responsive to B deficiency in B. napus, in which BnaAn.WRKY26, BnaA9.WRKY47, BnaA1.WKRY53 and BnaCn.WRKY57 were tested in yeast one‐hybrid assays and showed strong binding activity with conserved sequences containing a W box in the promoters of the B transport‐related genes BnaNIP5;1s and BnaBOR1s. Green fluorescent protein fused to the target protein demonstrated the nuclear localization of BnaA9.WRKY47. CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knockout lines of BnaA9.WRKY47 in B. napus had increased sensitivity to low B and lower contents of B than wild‐type plants. In contrast, overexpression of BnaA9.WRKY47 enhanced the adaptation to low B with higher B contents in tissues than in wild‐type plants. Consistent with the phenotypic response and B accumulation in these transgenic lines, the transcription activity of BnaA3.NIP5;1, a B efficiency candidate gene, was decreased in the knockout lines but was significantly increased in the overexpressing lines under low B conditions. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays, transient expression experiments in tobacco and in situ hybridizations showed that BnaA9.WRKY47 directly activated BnaA3.NIP5;1 expression through binding to the specific cis‐element. Taken together, our findings support BnaWRKYs as new participants in response to low B, and BnaA9.WRKY47 contributes to the adaptation of B. napus to B deficiency through up‐regulating BnaA3.NIP5;1 expression to facilitate efficient B uptake.
Robust Inference on Population Indirect Causal Effects: The Generalized Front Door Criterion
Authors: Fulcher Isabel R. , Shpitser Ilya , Marealle Stella , Tchetgen Tchetgen Eric J. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryStandard methods for inference about direct and indirect effects require stringent no-unmeasured-confounding assumptions which often fail to hold in practice, particularly in observational studies. The goal of the paper is to introduce a new form of indirect effect, the population intervention indirect effect, that can be non-parametrically identified in the presence of an unmeasured common cause of exposure and outcome. This new type of indirect effect captures the extent to which the effect of exposure is mediated by an intermediate variable under an intervention that holds the component of exposure directly influencing the outcome at its observed value. The population intervention indirect effect is in fact the indirect component of the population intervention effect, introduced by Hubbard and Van der Laan. Interestingly, our identification criterion generalizes Judea Pearl’s front door criterion as it does not require no direct effect of exposure not mediated by the intermediate variable. For inference, we develop both parametric and semiparametric methods, including a novel doubly robust semiparametric locally efficient estimator, that perform very well in simulation studies. Finally, the methods proposed are used to measure the effectiveness of monetary saving recommendations among women enrolled in a maternal health programme in Tanzania.
Computational Approaches to Comics Analysis
Authors: Laubrock Jochen , Dunst Alexander 
Published: November 2019

AbstractComics are complex documents whose reception engages cognitive processes such as scene perception, language processing, and narrative understanding. Possibly because of their complexity, they have rarely been studied in cognitive science. Modeling the stimulus ideally requires a formal description, which can be provided by feature descriptors from computer vision and computational linguistics. With a focus on document analysis, here we review work on the computational modeling of comics. We argue that the development of modern feature descriptors based on deep learning techniques has made sufficient progress to allow the investigation of complex material such as comics for reception studies, including experimentation and computational modeling of cognitive processes.
Nursing student patient safety errors in the practice domain: a scoping review protocol of the quantitative and qualitative evidence
Authors: Raymond June , Godfrey Christina M. , Medves Jennifer M. , Ross-White Amanda 
Published: November 2019

Review question/objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify the range of patient safety events that includes patient safety errors, harms or near misses that student nurses make while nursing in their clinical placements. The question that will guide this review is: what types of hazards, healthcare-associated harms, patient safety incidents, reportable circumstances, near misses, harmful incidents, no harm incidents and injuries to patients are being made and reported by nursing students during their practice in healthcare facilities?
Acoustic-Structure Interaction in an Adaptive Helmholtz Resonator by Compliance and Constraint
Authors: Cui Shichao , Harne Ryan L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The acoustic energy attenuation capabilities of traditional Helmholtz resonators are enhanced by various methods, including by coupled resonators, absorbing materials, or replacement of rigid walls with flexible structures. Drawing from these concepts to envision a new platform of adaptive Helmholtz resonator, this research studies an adaptive acoustic resonator with an internal compliant structural member. The interaction between the structure and acoustic domain is controlled by compression constraint. By applying uniaxial compression to the resonator, the flexible member may be buckled, which drastically tailors the acoustic-structure interaction mechanisms in the overall system. A phenomenological analytical model is formulated and experimentally validated to scrutinize these characteristics. It is found that the compression constraint may enhance damping capabilities of the resonator by adapting the acoustic-structure interaction between the resonator and the enclosure. The area ratio of the flexible member to the resonator opening and the ratio of the fundamental natural frequency of the flexible member to that of the enclosure are discovered to have a significant influence on the system behavior. These results reveal new avenues for acoustic resonator concepts exploiting compliant internal structures to tailor acoustic energy attenuation properties.
Smartphone: An alternative to ground control points for orienting virtual outcrop models and assessing their quality
Authors: Tavani Stefano , Corradetti Amerigo , Granado Pablo , Snidero Marco , Seers Thomas D. , Mazzoli Stefano 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe application of structure from motion–multiview stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetry to map metric- to hectometric-scale exposures facilitates the production of three-dimensional (3-D) surface reconstructions with centimeter resolution and range error. In order to be useful for geospatial data interrogation, models must be correctly located, scaled, and oriented, which typically requires the geolocation of manually positioned ground control points with survey-grade accuracy. The cost and operational complexity of portable tools capable of achieving such positional accuracy and precision is a major obstacle in the routine deployment of SfM-MVS photogrammetry in many fields, including geological fieldwork. Here, we propose a procedure to overcome this limitation and to produce satisfactorily oriented models, which involves the use of photo orientation information recorded by smartphones. Photos captured with smartphones are used to: (1) build test models for evaluating the accuracy of the method, and (2) build smartphone-derived models of outcrops, used to reference higher-resolution models reconstructed from image data collected using digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) and mirrorless cameras. Our results are encouraging and indicate that the proposed workflow can produce registrations with high relative accuracies using consumer-grade smartphones. We also find that comparison between measured and estimated photo orientation can be successfully used to detect errors and distortions within the 3-D models.