bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ABCD/DwC Alignment Working Group: Presenting the results from the TDWG 2020 Workshop
Authors: Fichtmueller David , Güntsch Anton , Blum Stanley 
Published: September 2020

ABCD (Access to Biological Collection Data, Holetschek et al. 2012) and DwC (Darwin Core, Wieczorek et al. 2012), are TDWG standards for documenting the occurrence of organisms in nature and/or collections, whether as specimens or observations (i.e., unit-level data), and are used for a wide range of applications. Since 2019, the working group has been investigating ways to enable a closer link and integration of these standards (Blum et al. 2019).
This presentation will summarize the results of the September 2020 workshop of the ABCD/DwC Alignment Working Group as part of the TDWG 2020 Virtual Conference Working Sessions Week. Prior to the workshop, we will have collected use cases for the application of the standards, which will have been analysed and discussed in the workshop itself. On this basis, smaller working groups will have been formed to address technical, organisational, and sociological aspects relevant for an alignment and future maintenance of ABCD and DwC.
The results of these working groups, as well as the general summary of the workshop and the planned next steps of the ABCD/DwC Alignment Working Group will be shown and discussed in this presentation.
Mouse 4T1 Breast Cancer Cell–Derived Exosomes Induce Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Macrophages via miR-183
Authors: Guo Jian , Duan Zhaojun , Zhang Chen , Wang Wei , He Huiwen , Liu Yan , Wu Peng , Wang Shengnan , Song Mingcheng , Chen Huilin , Chen Chong , Si Qin , Xiang Rong , Luo Yunping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in the tumor inflammatory microenvironment and facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. Most types of tumors aberrantly express microRNAs (miRNAs), which can be transferred between cells by exosomes and can regulate gene expression in recipient cells, but it remains unclear whether tumor-derived miRNAs are transferred by exosomes and regulate the TAM phenotype. We report that mouse 4T1 breast cancer cell–derived exosomes enhanced TAM expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and that inhibition of 4T1-cell exosome secretion through short hairpin RNA–mediated Rab27a/b depletion repressed tumor growth and metastasis and markedly downregulated IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in a 4T1 breast tumor model. Furthermore, miRNA expression profiling revealed that three miRNAs (miR-100-5p, miR-183-5p, and miR-125b-1-3p) were considerably more abundant in 4T1 cell exosomes than in mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages, indicating potential exosome-mediated transfer of the miRNAs, and, notably, miR-183-5p was found to be transferred from 4T1 cells to macrophages through exosomes. Moreover, PPP2CA was verified as an miR-183-5p target gene, and PPP2CA downregulation enhanced NF-κB signaling and promoted macrophage expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Lastly, when miR-183-5p was downregulated in exosomes through miR-183-5p sponge expression in 4T1 cells, these 4T1-derived exosomes triggered diminished p65 phosphorylation and IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion, and the miRNA downregulation also led to repression of tumor growth and metastasis in the 4T1 breast tumor model in vivo. Thus, miR-183-5p expressed in tumor cells was transferred to macrophages by exosomes and promoted the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting PPP2CA expression, which contributed to tumor progression in a breast cancer model.
PICTURE EXCHANGE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM (PECS) SEBUAH STRATEGI PENGOPTIMALAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI ANAK AUTIS
Authors: Khoiriyah  
Published: September 2020

A child with autism is also called as child with special needs who in his education need to get special services. An autistic child is who lives in his own world, and tends to feel obstacles in interaction, communication, and social behavior. This study describes a process of how the Picture Exchange Communication System(PECS) becomes an Alternative strategy for optimizing the ability of autistic children to practice communication using non-verbal symbols. This study aims to examine the communication skills of early children with autism through a quantitative approach with the Single Subject Research method. The result shows that the PECS approach is effective in optimizing expressive communication skills in first grade students at SLB-B and Autis Bintoro Jember. This effectiveness can be seen from the increased test scores from baseline to intervention. In the baseline conditions, the test score of expressive communication skills performance was 21% and 67% in the intervention conditions, so that the mean increased by 46%. The data is supported by 0% overlap percentage which shows that this method is effective to increase the expressive sommunication skills.

Abstrak
Salah satu yang termasuk anak berkebutuhan khusus adalah penyandang autis yang memerlukan pelayanan khusus dalam pendidikannya. Penyandang autis didefinisikan sebagai seseorang yang memiliki dunianya sendiri, yang dalam berinteraksi, berkomunikasi, dan berperilaku social kerap mendapati hambatan. Kajian ini mendeskripsikan proses bagaimana Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) menjadi sebuah strategi alternatif pengoptimalan kemampuan anak autis dalam mempraktikkan komunikasi dengan menggunakan simbol-simbol non-verbal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kemampuan komunikasi anak usia dini yang menyandang autis melalui pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode Penelitian Subjek Tunggal. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, diperoleh hasil bahwa pendekatan PECS efektif untuk memaksimalkan kemampuan dalam berkomunikasi ekspresif pada siswa kelas satu di SLB-B dan Autis Bintoro Jember. Hal tersebut dapat dibuktikan melalui adanya peningkatan nilai tes yang bertambah di keadaan awal (baseline) setelah di intervensi. Pada saat awal (baseline), skor pada tes kemampuan ketika anak melakukan komunikasi ekspresif sebanyak 21%, dan ketika sudah di intervensi menunjukkan angka peningkatan mencapai 67%, sehingga dapat dikatakan reratanya meningkat sebanyak 46%.
Kata Kunci: Pendekatan PECS, Autis, Komunikasi Ekspresif
PENINGKATAN KREATIVITAS BERKARYA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH BERBASIS STEAM DENGAN MEDIA LOOSE PARTS
Authors: Anita Damayanti  , Sriyanti Rahmatunnisa  , Lia Rahmawati  
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to describe the process and learning outcomes through STEAM based on loose parts that can improve the creativity of working children aged 5-6 years in group B Kindergarten Juara Bekasi City in 2019. The subjects of this study were 12 children. The research method used in this study is Classroom Action Research by Kemmis and Mc. Taggart which includes four stages, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. This study consisted of 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of 4 meetings. The data analysis technique used in this study is qualitative and quantitative data analysis. Qualitative data analysis by analyzing data from observations, documentations, and interviews. Quantitative data analysis uses descriptive statistical analysis that compares results obtained from pre-intervention, first cycle and second cycle. The results of this study indicate an increase in early childhood creativity through STEAM learning based on loose parts, it can be proved completeness of pre-intervention creativity by 31%. Then it increased in the first cycle by 56,50% and the second cycle by 83,70%. It was concluded that to improve the creativity of working children aged 5-6 years, teachers can use STEAM learning based on loose parts.
Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan proses dan hasil pembelajaran Jarak Jauh berbasis STEAM dengan Media loose parts yang dapat meningkatkan kreativitas berkarya anak usia 5-6 tahun kelompok B TK Juara Bekasi Tahun 2020. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 12 anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas model Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart yang meliputi empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 4 kali pertemuan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis data kualitatif dengan cara menganalisis data dari hasil observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara selama penelitian. Analisis data kuantitatif menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif yaitu membandingkan hasil yang diperoleh dari pra-siklus, siklus pertama dan siklus kedua. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kreativitas berkarya anak usia5-6 tahun melalui pembelajaran berbasis STEAM dengan media loose parts, dapat dibuktikan ketuntasan kreativitas pra-intervensi sebesar 31%. Kemudian mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I sebesar 56,50% dan siklus II sebesar 83,70%. Disimpulkan bahwa untuk meningkatkan kreativitas berkarya anak usia 5-6 tahun, guru dapat menggunakan pembelajaran Jarak Jauh berbasis STEAM dengan media loose parts.
Kata Kunci: Kreativitas, STEAM, Loose Parts
MENGEMBANGKAN NILAI KEMANDIRIAN ANAK MELALUI METODE BERCERITA PADA USIA 5-6 TAHUN
Authors: Yusra  , Yunisari Dewi , Qadri Muhammad 
Published: September 2020

Independence is a condition that reflects a child becoming an independent person without being dependent on others even though still under adult supervision. This study aims to indentify the development of children's independent character value through storytelling method. This study used qualitative method through action research approach which is conducted intwo cycles. Each cycle is carried out with stage of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The samples of this study were 32 children. Data collection was conducted through observation and children's activities. Data analysis used descriptive analysis technique. The result showed that mean score of first cycle on improving children's independence have developed as expected (BSH) and developed very well (BSB), which was 9 children (28.2%). In the second cycle shown an enhancement in which the mean score gained 25 children (78.2%). it can be concluded that the storytelling method can develop independence value of early childhood. Then, implication of this study that storytelling method can be used to develop other development value of early childhood.
Abstrak
Kemandirian adalah suatu kondisi yang mencerminkan seorang anak dapat berdiri sendiri tanpa bergantung pada orang lain meskipun tetap dalam pengawasan orang dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengembangkan kemandirian anak melalui metode bercerita. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus dilakukan melalui tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 32 orang anak. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi dan unjuk kerja. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata pada siklus 1 bahwa pengembangan kemandirian anak telah berkembang sesuai harapan (BSH) dan telah berkembang sangat baik (BSB) yaitu 9 anak (28,2%). Pada Siklus II telah menunjukan peningkatan dengan nilai rata-rata 25 anak (78,2%). Penggunaan metode bercerita dapat mengembangkan kemadirian anak usia dini. Maka, implikasi kajian ini bahwa metode bercerita dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan berbagai aspek perkembangan anak.
Kata Kunci: Kemandirian, Anak Usia Dini, Metode Bercerita
PENERAPAN MEDIA AUDIO-VISUAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMBELAJARAN ANAK USIA DINI KELAS AKHIR YANG TEPAT DI PAUD TSABITA KALIANDA LAMPUNG SELATAN
Authors: Nabilla Maghfi Ulfah , Na’imah Na’imah 
Published: September 2020

Early childhood education (PAUD) is the provision of efforts to stimulate, guide, nurture, and provide learning activities that will produce children's abilities and skills. How is the Application of Audio Visual Media in Improving the Appropriate Final Grade Early Childhood Learning in PAUD Tsabita Kalianda, South Lampung. This study aims to see the application of audio-visual media in improving late grade early childhood learning. In this study the authors used a qualitative descriptive study, with the subject of the study were 20 final grade early childhood students in PAUD Tsabita Kalianda, South Lampung, while the object in the study was Improving Late Class Early Childhood Learning through Audio-Visual Media in PAUD Tsabita. Kalianda South Lampung. Data collection was carried out by observation, interview, and documentation. Based on the results of observations, interviews and documentation, the application of audio-visual media in improving late-grade early childhood learning at Tsabita Kalianda PAUD, South Lampung can improve late-grade early childhood learning.
Abstrak
Pendidikan anak usia dini (PAUD) adalah pemberian upaya untuk menstimulasi, membimbing,mengasuh, dan pemberian kegiatan pembelajaran yang akan menghasilkan kemampuan dan keterampilan anak. Bagaimanakah Penerapan Media Audio Visual Dalam Meningkatkan Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini Kelas Akhir yang Tepat Di PAUD Tsabita Kalianda Lampung Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat penerapan media audio-visual dalam meningkatkan pembelajaran anak usia dini kelas akhir. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dengan subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik anak usia dini kelas akhir di PAUD Tsabita Kalianda Lampung Selatan sebanyak 20 Anak , Sedangkan Objek dalam penelitian adalah Meningkatkan Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini Kelas Akhir Melalui Media Audio-Visual di PAUD Tsabita Kalianda Lampung Selatan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan Observasi, Interview, dan Dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil Observasi, Interview dan Dokumentasi tersebut bahwa Penerapan Media Audio-Visual dalam meningkatkan pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini Kelas Akhir di PAUD Tsabita Kalianda Lampung Selatan dapat Meningkatkan Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini Kelas Akhir .
Kata Kunci: Penerapan Media Audio-Visual, Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini, Kelas Akhir
Da Possibilidade de Controle dos Incentivos Tributários pelo Poder Judiciário
Authors: Bomfim Gilson Pacheco 
Published: September 2020

O presente texto destina-se a estudar a possibilidade de controle dos incentivos tributários pelo Poder Judiciário. Espécie de renúncia de receita, os incentivos tributários não têm recebido a atenção merecida por parte dos estudiosos do direito tributário e financeiro. Atento à importância do tema, este trabalho dedica-se a estudar essa espécie de despesa indireta. Os incentivos tributários são hipóteses de desoneração tributária, com a finalidade de estimular condutas dos contribuintes, para se atingir fins e objetivos constitucionais. Como todo gasto público, essa espécie de renúncia de receita está sujeita a controle pelos Poderes Legislativo, Executivo e Judiciário. Contudo, como a atividade de concessão dessa despesa pública está afeta primordialmente aos Poderes Executivo e Legislativo, cabe perquirir que papel tem ou deveria ter o Poder Judiciário no controle desses recursos. Quanto aos requisitos formais, o Judiciário tem amplo espaço de atuação no controle dos incentivos tributários, podendo e devendo analisar se os requisitos constitucionais e legais para a concessão desse gasto público foram cumpridos. Já no que concerne ao controle de mérito dessa despesa, o campo de atuação do Poder Judiciário deve ser bem restrito, reconhecendo-se aos Poderes Legislativo e Executivo ampla liberdade para fazer as escolhas que lhe pareçam as melhores, inclusive optando, se for o caso, por implementar políticas públicas através de renúncias tributárias. Executivo e Legislativo, contudo, não possuem liberdade irrestrita. Nos casos em que a utilização desse instrumento de intervenção no domínio econômico colidir com outras normas ou princípios constitucionais, será possível que o Poder Judiciário controle/compatibilize os princípios constitucionais atingidos com os incentivos tributários concedidos, sob o prisma do princípio da proporcionalidade. Na análise da proporcionalidade (e suas três vertentes), o Poder Judiciário deve guardar deferência às escolhas realizadas por Legislativo e Executivo, limitando-se a uma atuação de invalidação de medidas evidentemente inadequadas, excessivas ou flagrantemente desproporcionais (stricto sensu), bem como à retirada do mundo jurídico de medidas comprovadamente ineficientes ou ineficazes.
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Palavras-chave: Incentivos Tributários. Controle pelo Poder Judiciário. Limites e possibilidades. Princí­pio da proporcionalidade.
MEDIA VIDEO YOU TUBE TUTORIAL LARI SPRINT UNTUK PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SMP NEGERI 4 WONOMERTO
Authors: Hosen Moh. 
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan media video Youtube tutorial untuk meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran lari sprint. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIIA SMP Negeri 4 Wonomerto sebanyak 24 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi tes praktik lari sprint, lembar observasi siswa selama mengikuti pembelajaran. Teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif persentase untuk mengungkap hasil ketuntasan belajar. Hasil siklus I menunjukkan bahwa 60 % siswa mencapai ketuntasan belajar . Hasil siklus II menunjukkan bahwa 90 % siswa mencapai ketuntasan belajar. Karena persentase ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa melampaui 80%, penelitian tindakan kelas ini telah mencapai indikator keberhasilan. This study aims to describe the application of YouTube tutorial video media to improve learning outcomes for sprinting. The subjects of this study were 24 students of class VIIA SMP Negeri 4 Wonomerto. Data collection techniques include sprint running practice tests, student observation sheets during the lesson. The data analysis technique uses descriptive percentages to reveal the results of learning completeness. The results of cycle I showed that 60% of students achieved mastery learning. The results of cycle II showed that 90% of students achieved mastery learning. Because the percentage of student learning outcomes exceeds 80%, this classroom action research has achieved indicators of success.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH STUNTING, WASTING AND UNDERWEIGHT AMONG CHILDREN AGED 2-5 YEARS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION CENTERS IN MASINGA SUB COUNTY, MACHAKOS COUNTY
Authors: Mutua Ruth N. , Keriko Joseph , Mutai Joseph 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to determine factors associated with stunting, wasting and underweight among children aged 2-5 years in early childhood development and education centers in Masinga sub county, Machakos County.Methodology: This was a descriptive cross sectional study. This study was conducted amongst 322 children in 15 randomly selected public early childhood development and education centers. Simple random sampling was used to select the children. Data was collected from mothers of children aged 24 to 59 months using pre-tested structured questionnaires and was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 10. Chis-square was used to measure the relationship between variables at p≤ 0.05. Data was then presented in frequencies, percentages, graphs and tables.Results: Factors such as socio-economic characteristics, environmental and health characteristics of children, among others, were found to be having some form of associations with stunting, wasting and underweight. The following variables had significant relationship; mother’s religion with wasting p= 0.111, age of the child with stunting p= 0.033 and underweight p= 0.038, level of the ECDE with stunting p= 0.034 and underweight p= 0.038, sex of the child with stunting p= 0.021, underweight p= 0.032 and wasting p= 0.012 and availability of the toilet with underweight p= 0.024.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Stunting, wasting and underweight among children aged 2-5 years continue to be a major public health concern that needs concerted efforts from a multi-sectoral approach to at least reduce the impact associated with the same. Factors such as age of the child, level of the ECDE, sex and environment, among others, are some of the main contributors to stunting, wasting and underweight among children. There is need for Machakos County government to implement a county nutrition integrated program with a community-based nutrition component that is linked to education, health, water and sanitation, and other relevant partners.
Ezra Pound’s and Olga Rudge’s The Blue Spill
Authors: Byron Mark , Barnes Sophia 
Published: September 2020

Written during the Italian winter of 1930, The Blue Spill is an unfinished detective novel written by Ezra Pound – the leading figure of modernist poetry in the 20th century – and his long-time companion Olga Rudge. Published for the first time in this authoritative critical edition, the novel reflects both Rudge’s and Pound’s voracious reading of popular fiction as it echoes and parodies such writers as Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers and P.G. Wodehouse.
Based on the original manuscripts of the novel, this critical edition includes annotation and textual commentary throughout. The book also includes critical essays exploring the contexts of the work, from the dynamics of artistic collaboration to the growing popularity of detective fiction at the beginning of the 20th century. Taken together, this unique publication sheds new light on the relationship between the literary avant-garde and popular culture in the modernist period.
Gin
Authors: Milliken Humphrey Shonna 
Published: September 2020

Object Lessons is a series of short, beautifully designed books about the hidden lives of ordinary things.
Gin tastes like Christmas to some and rotten pine chips to others, but nearly everyone familiar with the spirit holds immediate gin nostalgia.
Although early medical textbooks treated it as a healing agent, early alchemists (as well as their critics) claimed gin’s base was a path to immortality—and also Satan’s tool. In more recent times, the gin trade consolidated the commercial and political power of nations and prompted a social campaign against women. Gin has been used successfully as a defense for murder; blamed for massive unrest in 18th-century England; and advertised for as an abortifacient.
From its harshest proto-gin distillation days to the current smooth craft models, gin plays a powerful cultural role in film, music, and literature—one that is arguably older, broader, and more complex than any other spirit.
Object Lessons is published in partnership with an essay series in the The Atlantic.