bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparity in Physical and Mental Multimorbidity Between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and non-Indigenous Australians: implications for Equity in Health Service use and Work Productivity
Authors: Carman William , Ishida Marie , Trounson Justin S , Anindya Kanya , Sum Grace , Armstrong Gregory , Oldenburg Brian , Lee John Tayu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Multimorbidity, the presence of ≥2 chronic conditions, is a major contributor to health inequalities, with significant impact on health care costs. This study aims to examine the differences in chronic physical and mental health multimorbidity between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and non-Indigenous Australians, and the effect of multimorbidity on health service use and work productivity amongst Aboriginal and non-Indigenous Australians.Methods: This study conducted cross-sectional analyses of the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia Wave 17, examining a nationally representative sample of 16,749 respondents aged 18 years and above. We applied multivariable linear and logistic regressions to examine the association between multimorbidity and self-reported health, health service use, and employment productivity.Results: Aboriginal respondents reported a higher prevalence of multimorbidity (24.2%) compared to non-Indigenous Australians (20.7%), and the prevalence of co-existing mental and physical multimorbidity was almost twice as high (16.1% vs 8.1%). Multimorbidity was associated with higher health service use (any overnight admission: AOR 1.52), reduced employment productivity (days sick leave: coef. 0.25), and lower perceived health status (SF6D score: coef. -0.04). These associations are similar in both Aboriginal and non-Indigenous populations.Conclusions: Multimorbidity prevalence was greater among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders compared to the non-Indigenous population, likely driven by the greater prevalence of mental health conditions reported by the Aboriginal sample. Strategies for better management of mental and physical multimorbidity would not only reduce health care costs among those affected but may contribute to a reduction in health inequalities in Australia.
Cerebral Microemboli in Mini-Sternotomy Compared to Mini-Thoracotomy for Aortic Valve Replacement: A Cross Sectional Cohort Study
Authors: Bozhinovska Marija , Jenko Matej , Stupica Gordana Taleska , Klokocovnik Tomislav , Ksela Jus , Jelenc Matija , Podbregar Matej , Fabjan Andrej , Sostaric Maja 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Recently adopted mini-thoracotomy approach for surgical aortic valve replacement has shown benefits such as reduced pain and shorter recovery, compared to more conventional mini-sternotomy access. However, whether limited exposure of the heart and ascending aorta resulting from an incision in the second intercostal space may lead to increased intraoperative cerebral embolization and more prominent postoperative neurologic decline, remains inconclusive. The aim of our study was to assess potential neurological complications after two different minimal invasive surgical techniques for aortic valve replacement by measuring cerebral microembolic signal during surgery and by follow-up cognitive evaluation.Methods: Trans-cranial Doppler was used for microembolic signal detection during aortic valve replacement performed via mini-sternotomy and mini-thoracotomy. Patients were evaluated using Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised Test before and 30 days after surgical procedure.Results: A total of 60 patients were recruited in the study. In 52 patients, transcranial Doppler was feasible. Of those, 25 underwent mini-sternotomy and 27 had mini-thoracotomy. There were no differences between groups with respect to sex, NYHA class distribution, Euroscore II or aortic valve area. Patients in mini-sternotomy group were younger (60.8±14.4 vs.72±5.84, p=0.003), heavier (85.2 ± 12.4 vs.72.5 ± 12.9, p= 0.002) and had higher body surface area (1.98 ±0.167 vs. 1.83±0.178, p=0.006).Surgery duration was longer in mini-sternotomy group compared to mini-thoracotomy (158 ±24 vs. 134±30 min, p<0.001, respectively). There were no differences between groups in microembolic load, length of ICU or total hospital stay. Total microembolic signals count was correlated with cardiopulmonary bypass duration (5.64, 95%CI 0.677–10.60, p=0.027). Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised Test score decreased equivalently in both groups (p=0.630) (MS: 85.2±9.6 vs. 82.9±11.4, p=0.012; MT: 85.2±9.6 vs. 81.3±8.8, p=0.001). Conclusion: There is no difference in microembolic load between the groups. Total intraoperative microembolic signals count was associated with cardiopulmonary bypass duration. Age, but not micorembolic signals load, was associated with postoperative neurologic decline.
Evaluation of medical intern work hours in Senegal
Authors: Faye Papa mamadou , Abdou NIASSE , Abdourahmane NDONG , Ababacar MBAYE Khalifa , Coumba DIALLO Adja , Mamadou CISSE 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: in many countries, medical intern work hours have been discussed for a long time and many schedules has been modified in order to improve it. In our country, this topic has never been studied.Methods: It was a cross sectional study including all resident regardless of their specialties. An online questionnaire was shared to all the members of the Senegalese association of medical Interns.Results: Overall, 102 answers were collected. The average age was 28.3 years. More than half of the resident stated that they stay at hospital more than eight hours a day. Besides, 83,5 % declared doing more than 40 hours a week. In addition, 37,2 % of resident said that they were “on call” between 4 and 8 times monthly and 15,1% were “on call” more than 8 times per month. We have seen an average of 55,7 hours with up to eighty hours extremes. Conclusion: Medical intern work hours is a good subject of discussion, in such an under developed country like ours.
Effects of dietary n -6: n -3 PUFA ratio on the growth performance, serum lipid and adipokine profiles, tissue fatty acid composition and gene expression of lipid metabolism of finishing pigs
Authors: Chen Jing , Li Jiantao , Liu Xianjun , Cui Hongze , Wang Liyan , Zheng Jiaxing , Li Xin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

The health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and hypo-triglyceridemic properties, have been well documented. However, current dietary modification can easily lead to excessive concentrations of n-6 PUFA and an imbalance in the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio, resulting in the pathogenesis of obesity and related diseases. This study investigated the effects of various dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios on the growth performance, blood lipid and cytokine profiles, tissue fatty acid composition, and gene expression involved in lipid metabolism in finishing pigs. Seventy-two crossbred [(Duroc × Landrace) × Yorkshire] finishing pigs (68.5 ± 1·8 kg) were fed one of four isoenergetic diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 2:1, 3:1, 5:1 and 8:1.
Results

Pigs fed diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 3:1 and 5:1 had a higher average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P < 0.05) and a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). The concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) of pigs fed diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 1:1 to 5:1 decreased (P < 0·05), whereas the ratio of concentrations of high-density to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C:LDL-C) in pigs fed a diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 2:1 increased (P < 0·05) compared with those fed a diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 8:1. Pigs fed a diet with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 2:1 and 3:1 had lower concentrations of leptin (LEP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (P < 0·05), and higher concentrations of adiponectin (APN) (P < 0·05) than those fed diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 5:1 and 8:1. Diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 2:1 and 3:1 markedly down-regulated the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in both the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT), but up-regulated the expression level of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2) in the LM. The expression levels of aP2 and hormone- sensitive lipase were similar to those of PPARγ in the SCAT.
Conclusions

This study demonstrated that dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios between 3:1 and 5:1 beneficially affected growth performance, optimize blood lipid and adipocytokine levels, enhanced absorption and deposition of n-3 PUFA and regulated lipid metabolism-related genes.
Low Resolution Face Recognition Using Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)
Authors: Martin Howard , - Suharjito 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Face recognition has a lot of use on smartphone authentication, finding people, etc. Nowadays, face recognition with a constrained environment has achieved very good performance on accuracy. However, the accuracy of existing face recognition methods will gradually decrease when using a dataset with an unconstrained environment. Face image with an unconstrained environment is usually taken from a surveillance camera. In general, surveillance cameras will be placed on the corner of a room or even on the street. So, the image resolution will be low. Low-resolution image will cause the face very hard to be recognized and the accuracy will eventually decrease. That is the main reason why increasing the accuracy of the Low-Resolution Face Recognition (LRFR) problem is still challenging. This research aimed to solve the Low-Resolution Face Recognition (LRFR) problem. The datasets are YouTube Faces Database (YTF) and Labelled Faces in The Wild (LFW). In this research, face image resolution would be decreased using bicubic linear and became the low-resolution image data. Then super resolution methods as the preprocessing step would increase the image resolution. Super resolution methods used in this research are Super resolution GAN (SRGAN) [1] and Enhanced Super resolution GAN (ESRGAN) [2]. These methods would be compared to reach a better accuracy on solving LRFR problem. After increased the image resolution, the image would be recognized using FaceNet. This research concluded that using super resolution as the preprocessing step for LRFR problem has achieved a higher accuracy compared to [3]. The highest accuracy achieved by using ESRGAN as the preprocessing and FaceNet for face recognition with accuracy of 98.96 % and Validation rate 96.757 %.
Agonism of Histaminergic-H1 Receptors in Ischemic Postconditioning During Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury is Protective
Authors: Singh Prabhat , Sharma Bhupesh 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Stroke is associated with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ischemic
postconditioning (IPoC) reduces cerebral ischemic injury in rats and offers neuroprotection.
The central histaminergic pathway possesses a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cerebral I/R,
but its neuroprotective role in IPoC is still unidentified.

Objective:
This research explored the role of the histaminergic in IPoC during cerebral I/R injury
in the rat.

Methods:
Global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (GCI/R) injury in Wistar albino rats was induced
by occluding the bilateral carotid arteries for 10 minutes, followed by reperfusion. IPoC was provided
by giving three episodes of I/R post GCI (10 min), after which of reperfusion was permitted. Inclined-
beam-walk, hanging-wire, lateral-push, and rota-rod tests were employed to assess motor
functions, and Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess spatial learning as well as memory
in animals. Cerebral oxidative markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive species-TBARS, reduced glutathione-
GSH), inflammatory markers (myeloperoxidase-MPO), acetylcholinesterase activity-
AChE, infarct size, and histopathological changes were also assessed. L-histidine and chlorpheniramine
were used as histaminergic agonists and antagonists.

Results:
I/R animals showed a reduction in memory and motor function, and an increase in cerebral
oxidative stress, inflammation, AChE activity, infarct size and histopathological changes. Episodes
of IPoC post-ischemia attenuated the deleterious effects of I/R injury. Pretreatment (30 min
before cerebral ischemia) with L-histidine mimicked the neuroprotective effects of IPoC. However,
neuroprotection produced by IPoC was abolished by pretreatment with chlorpheniramine (histaminergic-
H1 receptor antagonist).

Conclusion:
IPoC may provide neuroprotection against cerebral I/R induced brain injury by modulating
the histaminergic-H1-receptor pathway.
Impact of Endothelial NOS VNTR Variant on Susceptibility to Diabetic Neuropathy and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yigit Serbulent , Nursal Ayse Feyda , Uzun Suheyla , Rustemoglu Husniye , Dashatan Payam Amiri , Soylu Huseyin , Atmaca Aysegul , Rustemoglu Aydin , Kuruca Nilufer , Karakus Nevin 
Published: December 2020

Purpose::
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the VNTR intron 4b/4a variant
in the eNOS gene is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and DPN.

Methods::
A total of 598 subjects were enrolled in the study. eNOS VNTR 4b/4a variant was genotyped
by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.

Results::
eNOS VNTR intron 4b/4b genotype and b allele increased in patients with both DPN and
T2DM compared healthy controls (p=0.0005, OR:1.94, p= 0.000002, OR:4.10, respectively).
4a/4b genotype was more prevalent in controls than in DPN and T2DM patients (p=0.00008,
OR:0.46; p=0.000004, OR:0.24, respectively). eNOS VNTR b allele was more common in DPN patients
and T2DM patients compared with controls (p=0.007, p=0.00002, respectively).

Conclusion::
The eNOS VNTR “4b/4b” homozygous genotype and hence “4b”allele as a genetic
risk factor for T2DM and DPN, which may serve as a useful marker of increased susceptibility to
the risk of these disorders.
Design of Inhibitory Peptides of the Interaction between the RBD Domain of the S1 Protein of SARS-CoV-2 and the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Receptor
Authors: Rodríguez-Salazar Carlos Andrés , Recalde-Reyes Delia Piedad , Castaño-Osorio Jhon Carlos 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The recent outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2, known as COVID-19, has
been cataloged as a global catastrophe due to the growing number of infected cases and deaths since
November 2019; this infectious, contagious disease, to date, does not have a vaccine or specific
treatment available, which is why the number of cases continues to increase. SARS-CoV-2 infects
humans as a result of the interaction between the receptor-binding domain of the viral spike protein
and the receptor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (rACE2), located predominantly in the
alveolar cells.

Objective:
This study aims to identify inhibitory peptides of the protein-protein interaction between
the receptor-binding-domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and the angiotensin-converting
enzyme-2 receptor through computational tools.

Methods:
Through the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics protein database, crystals
were selected and interaction models were carried out between the viral protein and the ACE2;
thereafter, the study designed inhibitory peptides of the interaction through the Rosetta web server,
validated their interaction through ClusPro and, finally, determined the theoretical physicochemical
and cytotoxic properties.

Results:
A protein complex was generated and modeled through ClusPro; the balanced model was
selected with the lowest binding energy. From the protein interactions of each of the crystals and
from the model, eight peptides of 20 residues were obtained. The theoretical evaluation showed
non-toxic peptides, six soluble in water, and two insoluble.

Conclusion:
We found eight peptides interacted with the receptor-binding-domain of the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2,
which could avoid contact with the cell receptor and generate interference in the infection process.
Molecular Docking, DFT Studies and ADMET Simulations for Evaluating Already Approved FDA Drugs as Inhibitors for SARS-Cov-2 RNADependent Polymerase
Authors: Vlasiou Manos C. , Ioannou Kyriakos I. , Pafiti Kyriaki S. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Remdesivir, a drug in use for Ebola it is already tested in clinical trials
phase III.

Objective:
To evaluate any other possible related structures with similar properties that could be
used in clinical trials for COVID-19.

Methods:
Molecular docking studies, DFT studies, ADMET studies

Result:
Saquinavir is a chemical structure with similar and even a better chemical activity that drugs that entered clinical
trials for Covid-19

Conclusion:
Saquinavir should be entered the clinical trials for the treatment of the COVID-19
disease, as it has shown excellent binding affinities to SARS Cov-2 RNA depended polymerase and
forms stable complexes with the protein and could possible inhibited its action.
A Combined Approach of Pharmacophore Modeling, QSAR Study, Molecular Docking and In silico ADME/Tox Prediction of 4-Arylthio & 4-Aryloxy-3- Iodopyridine-2(1H)-one Analogs to Identify Potential Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor: Anti-HIV Agents
Authors: Panigrahi Debadash , Mishra Amiyakanta , Sahu Susanta Kumar , Azam Mohd. Afzal , Vyshaag C.M. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Reverse transcriptase is an important therapeutic target to treat AIDS caused by the Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Despite many effective anti-HIV drugs, reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors remain the
cornerstone of the drug regimen to treat AIDS. In the present work, we have expedited the use of different computational
modules and presented an easy, cost-effective and high throughput screening method to identify potential reverse
transcriptase inhibitors.

Methods:
A congeneric series of 4-Arylthio & 4-Aryloxy-3- Iodopyridine-2(1H)-one analogs having anti-HIV activity were
subjected to structure-based 2D, 3D QSAR, Pharmacophore Modeling, and Molecular Docking to elucidate the structural
properties required for the design of potent HIV-RT inhibitors. Prediction of preliminary Pharmacokinetic and the Drug
Likeliness profile was performed for these compounds by in silico ADME study.

Results:
The 2D and 3D- QSAR models were developed by correlating two and three-dimensional
descriptors with activity (pIC50) by sphere exclusion method and k-nearest neighbor molecular field
analysis approach, respectively. The significant 2D- QSAR model developed by Partial Least Square
is associated with the Sphere Exclusion method (PLS-SE), having r2 and q2 values 0.9509 and 0.8038,
respectively. The 3D-QSAR model by Step Wise variable selection method (SW-kNN MFA) is more
significant, which has a cross-validated squared correlation coefficient q2= 0.8509 and a non-crossvalidated
correlation coefficient pred_r2= 0.8102. The pharmacophore hypothesis was developed,
which comprised 5 features includes 3 aliphatic regions (Ala), 1 H-bond donor (HDr) and 1 H-bond
acceptor (HAc). Docking studies of the selected inhibitors with the active site of reverse transcriptase
enzyme showed hydrogen bond and π - π interaction with LYS-101, LYS-103, TYR- 181, TYR-188
and TRP-229 residues present at the active site. All the candidates with good bioavailability and
ADMET drug likeliness properties.

Conclusion:
The results of the present work provide more useful information and important structural insights for the
discovery, design of novel and potent reverse transcriptase inhibitors with high therapeutic windows in the future.
Dexamethasone Reduces Cell Adhesion and Migration of T47D Breast Cancer
Cell Line
Authors: Mohammadi Leila , Mosayyebi Bashir , Imani Mahsa , Rahmati Mohammad 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Aberrant expression of cell adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) plays a pivotal role in
tumor biological processes including progression and metastasis of cancer cells. Targeting these processes and detailed understanding of
their underlying molecular mechanism is an essential step in cancer treatment. Dexamethasone (Dex) is a type of synthetic corticosteroid
hormone used as adjuvant therapy in combination with current cancer treatments such as chemotherapy in order to alleviate its side
effects like acute nausea and vomiting. Recent evidences have suggested that Dex may have antitumor characteristics.

Objective:
Dex affects the migration and adhesion of T47D breast cancer cells as well as cell adhesion molecules e.g., cadherin and
integrin, and MMPs by regulating the expression levels of associated genes.

Methods:
In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of Dex on the T47D breast cancer cell line through MTT assay. Cell adhesion assay
and wound healing assay were performed to determine the impact of Dex on cell adhesion and cell migration, respectively. Moreover,
real-time PCR was used to measure the levels of α and β integrin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, MMP-2, and MMP-9.

Results:
Dex decreased the viability of T47D cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. Cell adhesion and migration of T47D cells were
reduced upon Dex treatment. The expression of α and β integrin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were altered in response
to the Dex treatment.

Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrated that Dex may have a role in the prevention of metastasis in this cell line.
Study to Know the Impact of Ayurvedic Lifestyle on Dark Circles Around
Eyes
Authors: P Ankita , Harti Shivakumar , Rao Mangalagowri 
Published: December 2020

Background::
The Dark circles under the eyes, is very common and frustrating cosmetic grievance in both male and female especially among the stress prone population. Due to various reasons, skin becomes very thin and dry leading to the visible appearance of veins. This makes skin appear very dark. Possible causes include excessive pigmenta-tion, thin and luminous lower eyelid, lack of sleep, excessive fatigue, heredity, allergic disorders and aging. Dark circles comes under the broad umbrella of features of aggravation of Vata like blackish discoloration (Karshnya), Dark coloration (Shyavata) which can also be categorized under disease predominant in Vata (Vata Nanatmaja Vikara). In spite of its prevalence and cosmetic importance, there are very few reported works regarding dark circles.

Objectives::
This study was an attempt to find the most probable and commonest factor that influences dark circles so that modifications can be made in lifestyle as mentioned in Ayurveda in the form of daily regimen (Dinacharya) and Night regimen (Ratricharya).

Methods::
30 subjects (20-40 years) each with or without dark circles were registered and Case Control survey was con-ducted using a standard questionnaire. A questionnaire was prepared comprising of different processes of daily regimen (Dinacharya vidhis) as per ideal Ayurveda lifestyle. The perceived stress scale that may influence the development of dark circles was also included in the study. The data collected were computed in the excel sheet .The data was analyzed by applying odd’s ratio and Chi square test.

Results::
A positive relationship between intake of ghee and milk and absence of dark circles was observed and odd’s ratio calculated as 1.5 and 3.54 respectively. The subjects practicing Yoga were found less affected by dark circles odd’s ratio was calculated 3.7. Stress was moderately high among the subjects having dark circles.

Conclusion::
The present study shows that individuals following Ayurvedic lifestyle in the form of processes of daily reg-imen (Dinacharya vidhis) like head and feet massage with oil, Yogic practices, taking milk and ghee in diet regularly and taking adequate sleep, are less prone to loss of lusture in the form of dark circles around the eyes.