bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross cultural “behavioural diagnosis” examining the uptake of the MIND diet, using the COM-B model to inform an intervention.
Authors: Timlin Deirdre , Giannantoni Barbara , McCormack Jacqueline , Polito Angela Polito , Ciarapica Donatella Ciarapica , Azzini Elena Azzini , Giles Melanie , Simpson Ellen Elizabeth Anne 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to develop a “behavioural diagnosis” of factors influencing the uptake of the MIND diet in 40-55-year olds according to the COM-B model, in order to reduce the risk of cognitive decline in later life. Comparing a Mediterranean (Italy) and non-Mediterranean (Northern Ireland) country to inform an intervention. This study also sought to identify intervention functions and behaviour change techniques (BCTs) that are likely to be effective in changing MIND diet behaviour. Methods: This was a qualitative study that was used to elicit beliefs surrounding Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM-B) with adhering to a diet associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline, the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND diet). This study further elaborated the COM-B components into the 14 domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to further understand behaviour. Twenty-five Northern Irish (NI) and Italian participants were recruited onto the study, to take part in either a focus group or an interview. Participants were both male and female aged between 40-55 years. Results: Thematic analysis revealed that the main barriers to the uptake of the MIND diet were; time, work environment (opportunity), taste preference and convenience (motivation). Culture (motivation), seasonal foods and lack of family support (opportunity) to be a barrier to the Italian sample only. The main facilitators reported were; improved health, memory, planning and organisation (motivation) and access to good quality food (opportunity). Cooking skills, knowledge (capability) and heathy work lunch (opportunity) being a facilitator to the Italian sample only. Five intervention functions and fifteen BCTs were identified for possible inclusion in intervention development. Conclusions: The “behavioural diagnosis” provides comparisons and valuable insight into the personal, social and environmental factors that participants report as barriers and facilitators to the uptake of the MIND diet in the two samples. More barriers to healthy dietary change were found than facilitators. There is a need for interventions that increase capability, opportunity and motivation to aid behaviour change. The “behavioural diagnosis” from this study will be used to design a behaviour change intervention using the subsequent steps from the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW).
Report on the new coronavirus Covid-19 pandemic in Italy
Authors: Donida Bianca Maria 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Sars-CoV-2 is a coronavirus associated with human severe acute respiratory disease named Covid-19, first reported in China on December 2019. World Health Organization declared Covid-19 a pandemic on March 20, 2020. This report aims to outline the Italian outbreak characteristics. Italy, as one of first most affected area outside Asian continent, could give experiences to the other countries.Methods Data on positive cases and Covid-19 patients made available by Italian Health Authorities were reanalyzed and described. Results Up to April 18, 2020 Italy recorded 175,925 Sars-CoV-2 positive cases (10.68% among health care professionals) and 23,227 Covid-19 deaths. Covid-19 patients median age was 62 years. Male/female ratio was 1.00. Median time between symptoms and diagnosis was 6 days. Between hospitalized patients, the 10% needed intensive care. Median age at death was 80 years, with differences between sexes. Apparent lethality rate was 13.2%. At least one concomitant medical condition was present in 96.4% of patients who died. Discussion The number of Italian positive cases could be higher and the Italian lethality rate could be lower. The presence of asymptomatic people, known to be a vehicle for Covid-19 also for serious cases, could made slower the decrease of infection and distance the end of the novel coronavirus epidemic.
Clinical course and characteristics of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study
Authors: LIU YANFANG , LIU LINA , WANG YE , DU XINYANG , MA HONG , YAO JING 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCOVID-19 associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is of outbreak worldwide. This project aimed to provide clinical features, treatment advice and risk factors of patients diagnosed with COVID-19.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed 109 patients with confirmed COVID-19. We compared the relevant data of patients over 60 years old and under 60 years old, analyzed the data of patients with chronic diseases, and clarified the importance of the combination of laboratory examination and CT diagnosis.ResultsMost of patients 59(54.1%) had no fever. 100(91.7%) of patients required supplemental O2, and their SpO2 values reached normal after oxygen therapy. 72 (66.1%) patients were over 60 years old, and they were more likely to develop respiratory symptoms. Among all patients, only 14 (12.8%) patients were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody, SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR assay and CT diagnosis.Conclusion(1) O2 supplement therapy plays an important role in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.(2) People over 60 years old or(and) having chronic diseases are risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection.(3) Most patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have no fever symptoms.(4) We recommend that CT positive results be included in the confirmed diagnosis criteria, which is important for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
The Combined Antibacterial Effects of Sodium New Houttuyfonate and Berberine Chloride against Growing and Persistent Methicillin-Resistant and Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Li Xue , Wang Penghe , Hu Xinxin , Zhang Youwen , Lu Xi , Li Congran , Nie Tongying , Li Guoqing , Wang Xiukun , Pang Jing , Lu Yun , Yang Xinyi , You Xuefu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Infections caused by drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, especially vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), leave clinicians with limited therapeutic options for treatment. Persister cells is a leading cause of recalcitrant infection and antibiotic treatment failure, and there is no drug in clinical use that specifically targets persister cells currently. Here, we report a promising combination therapy of sodium new houttuyfonate (SNH) and berberine chloride (BBR) which is able to eradicate both growing and persistent drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Results: The susceptibility test showed SNH exhibited anti-MRSA activity with MIC90 at 64 μg/mL, while BBR showed weak anti-MRSA activity with MIC90 at 512 μg/mL. MICs of BBR in combination with 1/2 MIC SNH decreased by 4 to 64 folds compared with MICs of BBR alone. The results of time-killing assays revealed that the combined use of sub-MIC SNH and BBR offered an in vitro synergistic action against growing MRSA (including pathogenic MRSA) and VISA strains. More importantly, the combination of SNH and BBR was able to eradicate VISA Mu50 and pathogenic MRSA persister cells. The synergistic effect is likely related to the interruption of the cell membrane caused by SNH, which is confirmed by scanning electron microscope and membrane potential and permeability analysis.Conclusions: Our study provide a promising clinical curative strategy for combating drug-resistant S. aureus infections, especially for recalcitrant infections caused by persister cells.
Evaluation of 3D Heads up ophthalmic surgery from the perspective of surgeons and postgraduate trainees
Authors: Cheng Teck Chee , Yahya Maliha Farah Nurhazirah , Naffi Ainal Adlin Mohd , Othman Othmaliza , Tang Seng Fai , Yong Meng Hsien , Rahim Wan Haslina Wan Abdul , Mustapha Mushawiahti , Hamzah Jemaima Che , Md Norshamsiah , Bastion Mae-Lynn Catherine 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the satisfaction of surgeons and postgraduate trainees on 3D heads up ophthalmic surgery compared to traditional microscopic surgery in terms of working and educational aspect.Methods This was a validated questionnaire-based study. This study was conducted at a tertiary referral and postgraduate teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia over a one-month period during which the Ngenuity viewing system was demonstrated in the Ophthalmology operating theatre. All surgeons and trainees exposed to the viewing system were recruited for the study which involved answering an online questionnaire comprising the components of visualization, physical, ease of use, teaching and learning components and a question on satisfaction. This questionnaire is designed to evaluate the perception of the students and surgeons regarding learning-teaching methodology and benefits gained by them comparing between 3D heads up system and traditional microscopic surgery.Results All seven surgeons and 33 postgraduate students responded to the survey. A total of 32 cases were operated with the 3D system, which consisted of phacoemulsification, pterygium surgery, glaucoma procedures, cornea and vitreoretinal operations. There was no significant difference reported by the surgeons in all specific components (p>0.05, paired t-test). Postgraduate trainees reported better experience with 3D heads up surgery compared to traditional microscopic operation in terms of the illumination (p=0.008) and manoeuvrability (p= 0.01), physical factors such as glare p=0.037), eye strain (p=0.008), neck and upper back pain (p=0.000), lower back pain (p=0.019) and for all subcomponents of teaching and learning. Both surgeons and postgraduate trainees were more satisfied with 3D heads up system in general than traditional microscopic surgery (p=0.047 and p=0.009 respectively).Conclusions 3D heads up surgery and viewing is preferred to traditional microscopic surgery viewing particularly by postgraduate trainees. The overall satisfaction with this viewing system is also higher among surgeons and trainees than traditional microscope viewing.Trial Registration: Reference number: UKM PPI/111/8/JEP-2019-724 (UKM Research Ethics Committee) Date: 6th November 2019
Medical education too: sexual harassment within the educational context of medicine – insights from undergraduates
Authors: Schoenefeld Eva , Marschall Bernhard , Paul Berit , Ahrens Helmut , Sensmeier Janina , Coles Jan , Pfleiderer Bettina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Assessment of the presence and characteristics of sexual harassment in academic medicine is of global and increasing issue. Only limited data on the German situation are available so far.Methods: To assess the extent of sexual harassment and to identify persons involved an online survey was conducted in the student population of the medical school of Münster, Germany. A questionnaire was sent digitally via lock box after translation into German. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods such as categorical variables. Baseline characteristics, e.g. answers by male or female medical students, were correlated with their individual experiences and perpetrator groups by means of univariate analysis. The anonymous online questionnaire was sent to all medical undergraduates at Münster Medical School between 1st October and the 30th November 2018.Results: A total of 2162 medical students were asked to participate: 623 (28.8%) completed the survey. Sexual harassment is a significant issue among medical students at Münster. About 87.6% of those being victim of some form of verbal and /or physical assault were female; the majority by patients, followed by superiors and less frequently by colleagues. All students who had experiences with forced physical contact were females (100%). 58.9% of undergraduates were exposed to sexually harassing behaviour. 41.3% of those suffered from verbal and 31.8% from physical assaults, respectively. 8.5% of them faced forced physical contact. Perpetrators were mostly male superiors and male patients.Conclusions: Sexual harassment within medical educational field and working place exist in a huge German medical school and interventions are actually established by an independent voluntary task force to increase communication, reflection and instill prevention measure.
ACE2 and TMPRSS2 variation in savanna monkeys (Chlorocebus spp.): Potential risk for zoonotic/anthroponotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and a potential model for functional studies
Authors: Schmitt Christopher A. , Bergey Christina M. , Jasinska Anna J. , Ramensky Vasily , Burt Felicity , Svardal Hannes , Jorgensen Matthew J. , Freimer Nelson B. , Grobler J. Paul , Turner Trudy R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has devastated health infrastructure around the world. Both ACE2 (an entry receptor) and TMPRSS2 (used by the virus for spike protein priming) are key proteins to SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, enabling progression to COVID-19 in humans. Comparative genomic research into critical ACE2 binding sites, associated with the spike receptor binding domain, has suggested that Old World primates may also be susceptible to disease from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Savanna monkeys (Chlorocebus spp.) are a widespread non-human primate with well-established potential as a bi-directional zoonotic/anthroponotic agent due to high levels of human interaction throughout their range in sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean. To characterize potential functional variation in savanna monkey ACE2 and TMPRSS2, we inspected recently published genomic data from 245 savanna monkeys, including 163 wild monkeys from Africa and the Caribbean and 82 captive monkeys from the Vervet Research Colony (VRC). We found several missense variants. One missense variant in ACE2 (X:14,077,550; Asp30Gly), common in Ch. sabaeus, causes a change in amino acid residue that has been inferred to reduce binding efficiency of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting potentially reduced susceptibility. The remaining populations appear as susceptible as humans, based on these criteria for receptor usage. All missense variants observed in wild Ch. sabaeus populations are also present in the VRC, along with two splice acceptor variants (at X:14,065,076) not observed in the wild sample that are potentially disruptive to ACE2 function. The presence of these variants in the VRC suggests a promising model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine and therapy development. In keeping with a One Health approach, characterizing actual susceptibility and potential for bi-directional zoonotic/anthroponotic transfer in savanna monkey populations may be an important consideration for controlling COVID-19 epidemics in communities with frequent human/non-human primate interactions that, in many cases, may have limited health infrastructure.
O AMICUS CURIAE NO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE SEU POTENCIAL DEMOCRÁTICO
Authors: MERLO Gabriela , RIBEIRO José Moisés 
Published: May 2020

O presente trabalho de iniciação científica possui o objetivo de promover a análise da figura do “amicus curiae” no Supremo Tribunal Federal e como esta pode contribuir de forma a tornar as decisões mais democráticas, principalmente no que se refere às ações de controle concentrado de constitucionalidade. Neste sentido, a metodologia utilizada se deu na forma qualitativa, sendo utilizados os métodos de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Dessa forma, é cabível o entendimento no sentido de que o “amicus curiae” possui um caráter democrático o qual se encontra presente na própria definição da figura, sendo potencializado não apenas ao auxiliar o magistrado a proferir uma decisão, como também ao contribuir trazendo novos argumentos referentes ao caso e que possam auxiliar na elucidação do problema. No entanto, alguns obstáculos que a figura enfrenta no ordenamento brasileiro, são o desconhecimento de muitos indivíduos quanto ao seu uso, bem como a necessidade de possuir advogado caso deseje postular voluntariamente como “amicus curiae”. Além disso, deve-se buscar trazer argumentos inovadores, tendo em vista que a mera repetição de argumentos já proferidos pelas partes somente protrai o processo.
O LIMITE DO PRINCÍPIO NEMO TENETUR SE DETEGERE E SUA APLICABILIDADE
Authors: SILVA Gabriela Fileto da 
Published: May 2020

A finalidade do presente trabalho é apresentar os direitos garantidos pelo princípio nemo tenteur se detegere, ressaltando o direito do réu de ficar em silêncio e o direito de faltar com a verdade durante o interrogatório. Ao decorrer do estudo nota-se que o acusado tem o direito de ficar em silêncio em algumas situações mas em outras ele precisa responder, sendo assim será apresentado os direitos e deveres em relação a essa garantia. O segmento questionável está presente no direito de mentir, uma garantia que vai contra a moral e a ética, contudo é protegido pelo princípio em questão. Será tratado sobre a origem do direito de mentir, se ele surgiu com o princípio nemo tenetur se detegere ou se já estava presente no processo penal. Desta forma, constata-se que o princípio estudado tem o objetivo de proteger o acusado contra excessos cometidos pelo Estado, e garante ao acusado direitos e garantias fundamentais durante o processo penal, assegurando o direito a não autoincriminação e proporcionando um processo justo e equitativo.
3D printed structured porous treatments for flow control with applications for noise and vibration control
Authors: Bathla Pranjal , Kennedy John 
Published: May 2020

The use of porous coatings is one of the passive flow control methods used to reduce turbulence and noise and vibrations generated due to fluid flow. A number of real-world applications rely on single or tandem cylinder systems like aircraft landing gears, chimneys, bridge pillars, etc. Using porous coatings for flow stabilization acts as a light-weight, cost-effective and customizable solution. The design and performance of a porous coating depend on multiple control parameters like lattice size, strut thickness, lattice structure, etc. This study aimed to investigate the suitability of MSLA 3D printers (Anycubic Photon and Prusa SL1) to manufacture porous coatings and to design and optimize porous lattices for flow control behind a cylinder. The Reynolds number used was 60000 and the flow measurements were taken using a hotwire probe. Different sets of experiments were conducted for single and tandem cylinder with varying control parameters to achieve the optimal lattice designs. The results show that the performance primarily depended on porosity, coating thickness, and coating shape. A high porosity thick coating gave a 70-75 % reduction in turbulence rate and also reduced the mean wake velocity. It was also seen that coating thickness is not linearly proportional to turbulence reduction and an optimal thickness exists for best performance.
The research of the influence of viscous interaction between wagon and container on the dynamic load during transportation by rail ferry
Authors: Lovska Alyona , Fomin Oleksij , Píštěk Václav , Kučera Pavel 
Published: May 2020

This paper proposes the improved scheme of interaction of containers with the load-bearing structure of the wagon when transporting by rail ferry. In order to ensure the stability of the container balance in the event of fluctuations in the railway ferry, it is proposed to attach special structures to the support structure of the wagons. To reduce the dynamic loading of containers, a material with damping properties is installed on the internal surfaces of the superstructures. Mathematical modelling was performed to substantiate the proposed technical solution. It was found that the total amount of acceleration that acts on the container is 3.47 m/s2 (0.35 g), and on the load-bearing structure of the wagon 2.47 m/s2 (0.25 g), which is 38 % and 23 % less, respectively, for the acceleration values in the typical scheme of their interaction. The conducted research will contribute to improving the efficiency of combined transport through the international transport corridors.
Modelling of Escherichia coli removal by a low-cost combined drinking water treatment system
Authors: Siwila Stephen , Brink Isobel C 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis work presents mathematical modelling of Escherichia coli (E.coli) removal by a multi-barrier point-of-use drinking water system. The modelled system is a combination of three treatment stages: filtration by geotextile fabric followed by filtration and disinfection by silver-coated ceramic granular media (SCCGM) then granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration. The presented models accounted for removal mechanisms by each treatment stage. E.coli was modelled as a microbial particle. E.coli inactivation by SCCGM was modelled using the Chick's, Chick-Watson, Collins-Selleck and complete mix system bacterial inactivation kinetic models, which were considered adequately representative for describing the removal. Geotextile removal was modelled using colloidal filtration theory (CFT) for hydrosol deposition in fibrous media. The filtration removal contributions by the SCCGM and GAC were modelled using CFT for removal of colloidal particles by granular media. The model results showed that inactivation by silver in the SCCGM was the main bacterial removal mechanism. Geotextile and GAC also depicted appreciable removals. The theoretical modelling approach used is important for design and optimization of the multi-barrier system and can support future research in terms of material combinations, system costs, etc. Collector diameter, particle size, filtration velocity and contact time were identified as critical parameters for E.coli removal efficiency.
Syngonium podophyllum Leaf Extract Mediated Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles for Biosensing Potential: A Sustainable Approach
Authors: Srivastava Saumya , Pandey Anjana 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The existing methods of analyte detection by various biochemical processes
have certain drawbacks including nonlinearity and detection limits. The nanotechnology has paved a
way for the development of new devices i.e., nano-biosensors, by amalgamation of nanoparticles
with recognition elements. These nano-biosensors have the capabilities to overcome the drawbacks
of conventional methods.

Objectives:
Present study was planned to analyze the biosensing potential of indium tin oxide (ITO)
electrode modified with gold nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extract of S. podophyllum.

Methods:
In present study, first time rapid green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from leaf extract of
Syngonium podophyllum is reported. The synthesized nanoparticles were then characterized physically
by UV-Visible spectroscopy, particle size analysis, fluorescent spectroscopy, Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and HR (High resolution)-TEM.

Results:
The particles were observed to be in average size range of 30-70 nm. Furthermore, the ITO
electrode was modified with the prepared nanoparticles and analyzed by ellipsometry. The electrochemical
characteristics of the modified electrodes were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry.

Conclusion:
The results exhibited a higher current gain, thus signifying a higher signal amplification
at the electrodes and paves the way for their use in electrochemical nanobiosensors.