bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparing Squeezed Spin States in a Spin–Mechanical Hybrid System with Silicon‐Vacancy Centers
Authors: Li Bo , Li Xiaoxiao , Li Pengbo , Li Tongcang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn experimentally feasible scheme for preparing the squeezed spin states in a novel spin–mechanical hybrid system is studied. The setup under consideration is realized by a single‐crystal diamond waveguide with negatively charged silicon‐vacancy (SiV) centers embedded. After studying the strain couplings between the SiV spins and the propagating phonon modes, analyses show that long‐range spin–spin interactions can be achieved under large detuning condition. Modeled as an effective one‐axis twisting Hamiltonian, these nonlinear spin–spin couplings can steer the system to the squeezed spin states in the practical situations. This proposal may have interesting applications in high‐precision metrology and quantum information processing.
Subgrouping‐based multicast transmission over high‐throughput satellite systems with beam cooperation
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Yang Mingchuan , Wei Yuming , Guo Qing 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis paper investigates the multicast transmission for multicast services in high‐throughput satellite (HTS) systems. Considering the multibeam multicast feature of HTSs, cooperative transmission among beams is involved in to improve the efficiency of the multicast transmission. Since the multicast transmission rate depends on the worst user channel state, all the users experience an unreasonably low rate. In this situation, subgrouping techniques are employed to increase transmission rates of users. A subgrouping‐based multicast transmission problem aiming at maximizing the lowest transmission rate of the users is studied to guarantee fairness among users. We formulate the problem as a max–min optimization problem and propose two low‐complex subgrouping algorithms for this problem. Additionally, we also consider multicasting in a single beam and devise a two‐layer transmission scheme for it. In the performance evaluation part, besides the impact of parameters on subgrouping performance, we analyze the performance and the computational complexity of the proposed algorithms. The results indicate that the two subgrouping algorithms can achieve favorable performance with low complexity.
Injectable and Crosslinkable PLGA‐Based Microribbons as 3D Macroporous Stem Cell Niche
Authors: Barati Danial , Watkins Kira , Wang Zhibin , Yang Fan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPoly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) has been widely used as a tissue engineering scaffold. However, conventional PLGA scaffolds are not injectable, and do not support direct cell encapsulation, leading to poor cell distribution in 3D. Here, a method for fabricating injectable and intercrosslinkable PLGA microribbon‐based macroporous scaffolds as 3D stem cell niche is reported. PLGA is first fabricated into microribbon‐shape building blocks with tunable width using microcontact printing, then coated with fibrinogen to enhance solubility and injectability using aqueous solution. Upon mixing with thrombin, firbornogen‐coated PLGA microribbons can intercrosslink into 3D scaffolds. When subject to cyclic compression, PLGA microribbon scaffolds exhibit great shock‐absorbing capacity and return to their original shape, while conventional PLGA scaffolds exhibit permanent deformation after one cycle. Using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as a model cell type, it is demonstrated that PLGA μRB scaffolds support homogeneous cell encapsulation, and robust cell spreading and proliferation in 3D. After 28 days of culture in osteogenic medium, hMSC‐seeded PLGA μRB scaffolds exhibit an increase in compressive modulus and robust bone formation as shown by staining of alkaline phosphatase, mineralization, and collagen. Together, the results validate PLGA μRBs as a promising injectable, macroporous, non‐hydrogel‐based scaffold for cell delivery and tissue regeneration applications.
Iconic, threatened, but largely unknown: Biogeography of the Macaronesian dragon trees (Dracaena spp.) as inferred from plastid DNA markers
Authors: Durán Iván , Marrero Águedo , Msanda Fouad , Harrouni Cherif , Gruenstaeudl Michael , Patiño Jairo , Caujapé‐Castells Juli , García‐Verdugo Carlos 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe genus Dracaena in Macaronesia comprises two threatened species of arborescent monocots that are often associated with one of the most intriguing biogeographic disjunctions: the Rand Flora pattern. Molecular information is, however, largely missing for the Macaronesian Dracaena taxa (“MDT”, hereafter), and the biogeographic or population genetic patterns of this lineage have not yet been thoroughly assessed. To fill this gap, we generated plastid DNA sequence data of 14 Dracaena populations representing the entire natural distribution of MDT (including mainland Morocco and all recognized subspecies), 9 additional populations of subspontaneous origin, and a set of related species of the genus. We performed phylogenetic, biogeographic, and population genetic analyses at different spatial scales and conducted a comparative review on plant haplotype diversity in Macaronesian plants. The results of our phylogenetic analyses indicated the monophyly of the MDT and an origin separate from a clade of geographically distant species that so far were postulated as their closest living relatives (D. cinnabari, D. ombet, D. schizantha, D. serrulata). The results of our phylogeographic analyses indicated that diversification within D. draco occurred throughout the Pleistocene and that wild peripheral populations (Madeira, mainland Morocco) may have a recent origin from Canarian source populations. Recent dispersals, coupled with remarkably low levels of haplotype diversity, probably account for the weak phylogeographic signal observed across wild populations. However, our results suggested that human‐assisted expansion of Dracaena inflates the extant phylogeographic signal by non‐random translocation of a specific subset of haplotypes. Our study demonstrates that many of the previous biogeographic scenarios on MDT are not supported by molecular data. Instead, our results highlight (i) the impact that human activity may have on the phylogeographic pattern of island plants, and (ii) the need of a deeper taxonomic sampling in future investigations on MDT and close relatives.
High incidence of dementia in Faroese‐born female residents in Denmark
Authors: Petersen Maria Skaalum , Lophaven Søren N. , Weihe Pál , Lynge Elsebeth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionTo assess whether the incidence of dementia among immigrants in Denmark from the Faroe Islands is similar to that of the inhabitants of their new country.MethodsData on Faroese‐born immigrants in Denmark were retrieved from the Danish Central Population Register. Incident dementia cases were identified from the Danish National Patient Register. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to compare the dementia incidence in immigrants with the general Danish population.ResultsFemale, first‐generation Faroese immigrants had double the risk of dementia compared with Danes (SIR 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8‐2.5); the excess risk prevailed even beyond 10 years in Denmark, and it affected all sub‐types of dementia. In male immigrants, only a modest, statistically non‐significant excess risk was seen (SIR 1.2, 95% CI 0.9‐1.6).DiscussionThe observation of an excess risk of dementia in women only but not in men of Faroese origin living in Denmark underscores the complexity of the etiology of dementia.
Ex vivo/in vitro protective effect of myricetin bulk and nano-forms on PhIP-induced DNA damage in lymphocytes from healthy individuals and pre-cancerous MGUS patients
Authors: Akhtar Shabana , Najafzadeh Mojgan , Isreb Mohammad , Newton Lisa , Gopalan Rajendran C. , Anderson Diana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is a central dietary mutagen, produced when proteinaceous food is heated at very high temperatures potentially causing DNA strand breaks. This study investigates the protective potential of a well-researched flavonoid, myricetin in its bulk and nano-forms against oxidative stress induced ex vivo/in vitro by PhIP in lymphocytes from pre-cancerous monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) patients and those from healthy individuals. The results from the Comet assay revealed that in the presence of myricetin bulk (10 µM) and myricetin nano (20 µM), the DNA damage caused by a high dose of PhIP (100 µM) was significantly (P < 0.001) reduced in both groups. However, nano has shown better protection in lymphocytes from pre-cancerous patients. Consistent results were obtained from the micronucleus assay where micronuclei frequency in binucleated cells significantly decreased upon supplementing PhIP with myricetin bulk (P < 0.01) and myricetin nano (P < 0.001), compared to the PhIP treatment alone. To briefly determine the cellular pathways involved in the protective role of myricetin against PhIP, we studied gene expression of P53 and ATR kinase (ATM- and Rad3-related), using the real-time PCR technique.
Emergency Responses to Covid-19 Outbreak: Experiences and Lessons from a General Hospital in Nanjing, China
Authors: Shen Yang , Cui Ying , Li Ning , Tian Chen , Chen Ming , Zhang Ye-Wei , Huang Ying-Zi , Chen Hui , Kong Qing-Fang , Zhang Qun , Teng Gao-Jun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused wide dissemination across the world. Global health systems are facing the unprecedented challenges. Here we shared the experiences and lessons in emergency responses and management from our hospital, a government-assigned regional anti-Covid-19 general hospital in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.

Methods
Our periodic strategies in dealing with Covid-19 were described in detail. An administrative response including the establishment of Emergency Leadership Committee that was in full charge of management was established. Modifications of infrastructure including the Fever Clinic, inpatient ward, outpatient clinic and operation room were carried out. Special arrangements for outpatient services, hospitalization and surgeries were introduced. Medical personnel training and patient educations were performed. Initiations of Covid-19 researches and application of information technology were introduced.

Findings
Since January 16, three cases have been confirmed in our hospital and no healthcare-associated infection was found. During the epidemics, 6.46% staffs suffered depression, 9.87% had anxiety, and 98% were satisfied with the infection control policy. Shortages in staffs and medical consumables, and limitation in space were the obstacles we encountered.

Interpretation
As the cost of in-hospital transmission is unbearable, our experiences and lessons suggested that prompt actions should be taken immediately to decrease or eliminate potential in-hospital transmission. Experience shared herein may be useful for those facilities that are and may encounter Covid-19.
Homogenization of streaks in a laminar boundary layer
Authors: Puckert Dominik K. , Wu Yongxiang , Rist Ulrich 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The present work, based on experimental, numerical and theoretical investigations, introduces a method to homogenize streaks in the laminar boundary layer. The streaks are created by a spanwise array of roughness elements on the surface of a flat plate. A homogenization body in the form of a horizontal bar is added at a downstream location away from the roughness array to homogenize the velocity differences of the streaks in the laminar boundary layer. Measurements are done with hot-film anemometry and supported by numerical simulations and linear stability theory. The streak amplitude can be significantly reduced with the proposed homogenization body. Furthermore, the reduction in spanwise gradients of the mean velocity leads to a significant reduction in the sinuous instability of the streaky flow. The effects of the homogenization body on the displacement thickness and the observation of flow unsteadiness downstream of the homogenization body are discussed. The present work thus proposes and explores a passive technique to control undesired streaks in the laminar boundary layer.

Graphic abstract
Unfolding the outcomes of surgical treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis—a prospective 5- and 10-year follow-up study
Authors: Tuomainen I. , Aalto T , Pesonen J. , Rade M. , Pakarinen M. , Leinonen V. , Kröger H. , Airaksinen O. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In this prospective study, we aim to determine surgical outcomes in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) 10 years after surgery.

Methods
The study population consisted of 96 LSS patients who underwent decompressive surgery, 72 of whom participated in the 10-year follow-up. The patients completed a questionnaire preoperatively and 3 months, 5 years, and 10 years postoperatively. Outcome measures were satisfaction with the surgical outcomes, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the visual analog scale (VAS), the numeric rating scale (NRS-11), and walking ability quantified in meters. Postoperative improvements at 5 and 10 years were analyzed using linear mixed models. Furthermore, comparisons between postoperative time points were made for clinical courses of pain, disability, and walking ability.

Results
At the 10-year follow-up, 68% of the patients were satisfied with the surgical outcomes. All the measured outcomes showed statistically significant improvement from baseline to the 5- and 10-year follow-up. The mean VAS score was 9.8 mm higher at the 5-year follow-up and 7.8 mm at the 10-year follow-up compared to the 3-month follow-up point. Similarly, the mean ODI was 4.8% higher at the 10-year follow-up compared to the 3-month follow-up point.

Conclusion
This study reports the clinical course of pain, disability, and walking distance after LSS surgery with the 10-year follow-up. Based on our study results, patients with LSS could expect to have positive effects of their back surgery up to 10 years. However, minor worsening in pain and disability may occur and one-fourth of the patients may need a reoperation during the 10-year follow-up period.
Over-yielding in temperate silvopastures: a meta-analysis
Authors: Pent Gabriel J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOver-yielding in an intercropping system occurs when the productivity of the intercrop exceeds the overall productivity of the systems managed in segregation. The objective of this systematic review was to calculate the over-yielding of silvopastures compared to open pastures and forests, timber plantations, or orchards managed separately. A literature search was completed for comparisons of the productivity of these practices in temperate regions. Data collected from these studies included mean yields of timber or non-timber forest products, forages, and livestock, as well as the characteristics of the study site. Silvopasture practices improve the productivity of land typically managed separately for pasture or trees by 42–55%, depending on whether the productivity of the pastures is measured by livestock or forage output, respectively. In most cases, over-yielding occurred despite a reduction in individual forage, livestock, or tree productivity in the silvopastures. Calculating confidence intervals around these means was not feasible because standard errors were largely not reported or available. Some assumptions were made about the actual productivity of timber or non-timber forest products. This work illustrates the significant level of over-yielding that may be achieved by integrating trees, forages, and livestock into a single production system.
Priority statement and some properties of t-lgHill estimator
Authors: Stehlík Milan , Kiseľák Jozef , Vaičiulis Marijus , Jordanova Pavlina , Soza Ludy Núñez , Fabián Zdeněk , Hermann Philipp , Střelec Luboš , Rivera Andrés , Girard Stéphane , Torres Sebastián 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe acknowledge the priority on the introduction of the formula of t-lgHill estimator for the positive extreme value index. We provide a novel motivation for this estimator based on ecologically driven dynamical systems. Another motivation is given directly by applying the general t-Hill procedure to log-gamma distribution. We illustrate the good quality of t-lgHill estimator in comparison to classical Hill estimator on the novel data of the concentration of arsenic in drinking water in the rural area of the Arica and Parinacota Region, Chile.
Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of adult patients with pilocytic astrocytoma
Authors: Mair Maximilian J. , Wöhrer Adelheid , Furtner Julia , Simonovska Anika , Kiesel Barbara , Oberndorfer Stefan , Ungersböck Karl , Marosi Christine , Sahm Felix , Hainfellner Johannes A. , Rössler Karl , Preusser Matthias , Widhalm Georg , Berghoff Anna S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common primary brain neoplasm in children and treated in curative intent with gross total resection (GTR). However, PA is rare in adults, resulting in limited knowledge on the natural clinical course. This study aimed to describe the clinical course and identify prognostic factors of adult patients with PA.

Methods
46 patients ≥ 18 years at diagnosis of PA and neurosurgical resection or biopsy between 2000 and 2018 were identified from the Neuro-Biobank of the Medical University of Vienna. In two cases with differing histopathological diagnosis at recurrence, DNA methylation analysis was performed using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation850 BeadChip (850 k) arrays and the Molecular Neuropathology classifier. Clinico-pathological features were correlated with patient outcomes.

Results
Median age at diagnosis was 32.5 years (range: 19–75) and median Ki67 proliferation index was 2.8% (0.5–13.4%). Tumor location significantly correlated with resectability (p < 0.001). Tumor progression or recurrence was observed in 9/46 (19.6%) patients after a median follow up time of 53.0 months (range 0.5–300). 5-year overall and progression-free survival rates were 85.3% and 70.0%, respectively. 2/9 (22.2%) patients presented with histological changes in the recurrent tumor specimen. In detail, methylation classification redefined the histological diagnosis to anaplastic astrocytoma with piloid features and glioma in one patient, each. Age > 40 and higher body mass index (BMI) were associated with impaired progression-free and overall survival (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Tumor recurrence or progression in adult PA patients was higher than the one reported in pediatric patients. Higher age and BMI were associated with impaired prognosis.
[18F]AZD2461, an Insight on Difference in PARP Binding Profiles for DNA Damage Response PET Imaging
Authors: Guibbal Florian , Hopkins Samantha L. , Pacelli Anna , Isenegger Patrick G. , Mosley Michael , Torres Julia Baguña , Dias Gemma M. , Mahaut Damien , Hueting Rebekka , Gouverneur Véronique , Cornelissen Bart 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are extensively studied and used as anti-cancer drugs, as single agents or in combination with other therapies. Most radiotracers developed to date have been chosen on the basis of strong PARP1–3 affinity. Herein, we propose to study AZD2461, a PARP inhibitor with lower affinity towards PARP3, and to investigate its potential for PARP targeting in vivo.

Methods
Using the Cu-mediated 18F-fluorodeboronation of a carefully designed radiolabelling precursor, we accessed the 18F-labelled isotopologue of the PARP inhibitor AZD2461. Cell uptake of [18F]AZD2461 in vitro was assessed in a range of pancreatic cell lines (PSN-1, PANC-1, CFPAC-1 and AsPC-1) to assess PARP expression and in vivo in xenograft-bearing mice. Blocking experiments were performed with both olaparib and AZD2461.

Results
[18F]AZD2461 was efficiently radiolabelled via both manual and automated procedures (9 % ± 3 % and 3 % ± 1 % activity yields non-decay corrected). [18F]AZD2461 was taken up in vivo in PARP1-expressing tumours, and the highest uptake was observed for PSN-1 cells (7.34 ± 1.16 %ID/g). In vitro blocking experiments showed a lesser ability of olaparib to reduce [18F]AZD2461 binding, indicating a difference in selectivity between olaparib and AZD2461.

Conclusion
Taken together, we show the importance of screening the PARP selectivity profile of radiolabelled PARP inhibitors for use as PET imaging agents.
Understanding latent demand for hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles using large-scale longitudinal survey data of US new vehicle buyers
Authors: Dua Rubal , White Kenneth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConsumer adoption of fuel-efficient vehicles is a crucial step in improving energy efficiency of the light-duty vehicle sector. To promote adoption, policymakers have employed various demand- and supply-side policies including incentives, fuel economy standards, zero emission vehicle mandate, among others. This paper measures the changes in consumers’ purchase motivations and latent demand for hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles in the wake of such programs by analyzing the past 11 years of new vehicle buyer survey data in the USA with more than 1 million respondents. The analysis reveals that electric vehicles—including hybrids, plug-in hybrids, and pure battery electric, collectively termed xEVs—had the potential to secure as much as ~ 11% of the US market in 2015, but the actual market share was only one-third of this. A narrowing of the consumer’s valuation gap between buyers of non-xEVs and xEVs for purchase motivations—including fuel economy, environmental friendliness, technical innovation, and price—is responsible for the increase in the latent demand for xEVs. The term valuation gap refers to the difference between the average rating given by non-xEV and xEV buyers for a particular purchase motivation question in the survey. The closer the ratings, the smaller will be the valuation gap. Policy instruments such as sales-weighted fuel economy target show strong correlation with the consumer valuation gap. In combination with demand-side policies that make xEVs more accessible to mainstream consumers, they could be considered as viable tools if policymakers are seeking to nudge consumers toward xEVs.
Soziale Arbeit als weißer* Raum – eine Critical Whiteness Perspektive auf die Soziale Arbeit in der postmigrantischen Gesellschaft
Authors: Tißberger Martina 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungViele Einrichtungen der Sozialen Arbeit stellen nach wie vor weiße* Räume in einer (Post-)Migrationsgesellschaft dar. Dieser Text geht der Frage nach, warum das so ist. Er gibt zunächst einen historischen Überblick zum Umgang mit migrationsbedingter Differenz, der zeigt, dass die Themen Rassismus und Machtverhältnisse lange Zeit eine Leerstelle bildeten, die von den Critical Whiteness Studies nun adressiert wird. Diese richten den Blick auf die weiße* Dominanzkultur und legen offen, wie „das ganz unverdächtige, wohlmeinende Subjekt in der Mitte der Gesellschaft“ unbewusst Rassismus re/produziert. Anschließend wird eine qualitative Untersuchung zur Bedeutung von Whiteness in der Sozialen Arbeit dargestellt, die über narrative Interviews mit Sozialarbeiter*innen analysiert, wie diese dazu beitragen, Soziale Arbeit zu einem weißen* Raum zu machen und sich selbst zu Kompliz*innen der Kolonialität von Macht. Soziale Arbeit als Menschenrechtsprofession kann jedoch aus dieser mandatswidrigen Situation herausfinden.