bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Report on Engineering Design Self-Efficacy and Demographics of Makerspace Participants Across Three Universities
Authors: Hilton Ethan C. , Talley Kimberly G. , Smith Shaunna F. , Nagel Robert L. , Linsey Julie S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUniversity makerspaces have been touted as a possible avenue for improving student learning, engagement, retention, and creativity. As their popularity has increased worldwide, so has the amount of research investigating their establishment, management, and uses. There have, however, been very few studies that use empirical data to evaluate how these spaces are impacting the people using them. This study of three university makerspaces measures engineering design (ED) self-efficacy and how it is correlated with involvement in the makerspaces, along with student demographics. The three university makerspaces include a relatively new makerspace at a Hispanic-serving university in the southwestern US, makerspaces at an eastern liberal arts university with an engineering program that has been created within the last decade, and a makerspace at a large, research university in the southeast often considered to be one of the top programs in the US. Students at all three universities are surveyed to determine their involvement in their university's makerspace and how they perceive their own abilities in engineering design. The findings presented in this paper show a positive correlation between engineering design self-efficacy (EDSE) and involvement in academic makerspaces. Correlations are also seen between certain demographic factors and the percentage of students who choose to use the academic makerspace available to them. These findings provide crucial empirical evidence to the community on the self-efficacy of students who use makerspaces and provide support for universities to continue making these spaces available to their students.
RAP study, report 1: novel subtype of macular neovascularisation type III, cilioretinal MNV3
Authors: Haj Najeeb Bilal , Deak Gabor G , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula Margarethe , Gerendas Bianca S 
Published: March 2020

PurposeTo report on patients with macular neovascularisation type III (MNV3) arising from cilioretinal arteries (CRAs) (cilioretinal macular neovascularisation type III (cMNV3)).MethodsWe reviewed baseline examinations of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration using multimodal imaging. We determined the type and distribution of MNV lesions in each cMNV3 case, the range of distances from the fovea, existence of exudative maculopathy, intraretinal haemorrhage and other morphological characteristics. 50 consecutive eyes with usual MNV3 without CRA were included as a control group.Results102 eyes of 102 patients were identified with MNV3 lesions. Among these, we found 12 eyes (12%) with cMNV3, 84 eyes (82%) with usual MNV3 without CRA and 6 eyes (6%) with usual MNV3 with CRA. Ten cases of cMNV3 had one lesion, and two cases had two lesions. The lesions were distributed equally between the superior and inferior halves of the macula, whereas in the nasal and temporal halves, there were 8 (57%) and 6 (43%) lesions, respectively. All cMNV3 lesions were located between 500 and 1500 µm from the central fovea except one, which was located between 1500 and 3000 µm. None of the lesions had macular neovascularisation type I (MNV1) or macular neovascularisation type II (MNV2) elsewhere in both groups. Exudative maculopathy and intraretinal haemorrhage were found in seven (88%) and five (63%) of the eight pure cMNV3 cases, respectively.ConclusioncMNV3 can be solitary or multiple, isolated or accompanied with usual MNV3 lesions, but not with concurrent MNV1 or MNV2. It is frequently associated with extensive exudative maculopathy, intraretinal haemorrhage and subretinal fluid.
Sample study protocol for adapting and translating the 5C scale to assess the psychological antecedents of vaccination
Authors: Betsch Cornelia , Bach Habersaat Katrine , Deshevoi Sergei , Heinemeier Dorothee , Briko Nikolay , Kostenko Natalia , Kocik Janusz , Böhm Robert , Zettler Ingo , Wiysonge Charles Shey , Dubé Ève , Gagneur Arnaud , Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth , Gagneux-Brunon Amandine , Sivelä Jonas 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionPublished in 2018, the 5C scale is psychometrically validated to assess five psychological antecedents of vaccination (confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation and collective responsibility). The original version offers a validated English and German scale to assess these determinants with a short 5-item scale (1 item per antecedent) and a long 15-item scale (3 items per antecedent). This sample study protocol provides a step-by-step guidance for the process of adapting the 5C scale to another country, language or cultural context. Data obtained from the 5C scale can support developing, implementing and evaluating an intervention and monitoring of general vaccine acceptance and demand.Methods and analysisPhase 1 comprises the adaptation of the 5C scale including the translation and back translation of the antecedents, an expert evaluation of the antecedents and the identification of new antecedents as well as a pretest. Phase 2 involves the validation of the translated and potentially expanded scale including the assessment of reliability, construct and concurrent validity of all items of the scale. Code for data analysis is provided.Ethics and disseminationThe University of Erfurt’s institutional review board provided ethical clearance (EV-201900416.2). The authors suggest and encourage publicly sharing all data obtained from the translated 5C scale (eg, on publication). The materials and the code for data analysis to support the process described in this protocol are available inhttps://osf.io/2agxe/. Sharing data on vaccine acceptance and demand is in the public and the scientific interest and will facilitate gaining a global overview of its current state and development over time. The authors of the original 5C scale are currently working on an online platform to facilitate publishing the data and to visualise the psychological antecedents across different countries.
Identifying and overcoming barriers to automated external defibrillator use by GoodSAM volunteer first responders in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using the Theoretical Domains Framework and Behaviour Change Wheel: a qualitative study
Authors: Smith Christopher M , Griffiths Frances , Fothergill Rachael T , Vlaev Ivo , Perkins Gavin D 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesGoodSAM is a mobile phone app that integrates with UK ambulance services. During a 999 call, if a call handler diagnoses cardiac arrest, nearby volunteer first responders registered with the app are alerted. They can give cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and/or use a public access automated external defibrillator (AED). We aimed to identify means of increasing AED use by GoodSAM first responders.MethodsWe conducted semistructured telephone interviews, using the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify and classify barriers to AED use. We analysed findings using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour (COM-B) model and subsequently used the Behaviour Change Wheel to develop potential interventions to improve AED use.SettingLondon, UK.ParticipantsGoodSAM first responders alerted in the previous 7 days about a cardiac arrest.ResultsWe conducted 30 telephone interviews in two batches in July and October 2018. A public access AED was taken to scene once, one had already been attached on scene another time and three participants took their own AEDs when responding. Most first responders felt capable and motivated to use public access AEDs but were concerned about delaying CPR if they retrieved one and frustrated when arriving after the ambulance service. They perceived lack of opportunities due to unavailable and inaccessible AEDs, particularly out of hours. We subsequently developed 13 potential interventions to increase AED use for future testing.ConclusionsGoodSAM first responders used AEDs occasionally, despite a capability and motivation to do so. Those operating volunteer first responder systems should consider our proposed interventions to improve AED use. Of particular clinical importance are: highlighting AED location and providing route/time estimates to the patient via the nearest AED. This would help single responders make appropriate decisions about AED retrieval. As AED collection may extend time to reach the patient, where there is sufficient density of potential responders, systems could send one responder to initiate CPR and another to collect an AED.
Experiences and views of patients, carers and healthcare professionals on using modems in domiciliary non-invasive ventilation (NIV): a qualitative study
Authors: Mansell Stephanie K , Kilbride Cherry , Wood Martin J , Gowing Francesca , Mandal Swapna 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundAdvances in technology means that domiciliary non-invasive ventilation (NIV) devices can be remotely monitored via modems in patients’ homes. Possible benefits and challenges of modem technology have yet to be established. This study explored the perspectives and experiences of patients, their carers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) on the addition of modem technology in managing home NIV.MethodsA qualitative study using a combination of focus groups for HCPs and interviews for carers/patients was undertaken. 12 HCPs and 22 patients/carers participated. These focus groups and interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.ResultsFive main themes were identified. ‘Surveillance: a paradox of findings’: HCPs were concerned about unduly scrutinising patients’ lives, potentially impacting on HCP patient relationships. Conversely, patients welcomed modem monitoring and did not express concerns regarding invasion of privacy. ‘Sanctions’: HCPs reported the modem increased access to care and allowed appropriate assessment of ongoing treatment. ‘Complacency and ethics’: HCPs expressed concerns patients may become complacent in seeking help due to expectations of modem monitoring, as well as being concerned regarding the ethics of modems. There was a suggestion patients and carers' expectations of monitoring were different to that of clinical practice, resulting in complacency in some cases. ‘Increased time for patient focused care’: HCPs in the focus groups described a number of ways in which using modems was more efficient. ‘Confidence: can be improved with technology’: patients and carers were positive about the impact of the modems on their health and well-being, particularly their confidence.ConclusionHCPs expressed concerns about surveillance were not corroborated by patients, suggesting acceptability of remote monitoring. Data suggests a need for increased clarity to patients/carers regarding clinical practice relating to responsiveness to modem data. The issue of complacency requires further consideration. Modem technology was acceptable and considered a useful addition by HCPs, patients and carers.Trial registration numberNCT03905382
Clinical, pathological and genetic spectrum in 89 cases of mitochondrial progressive external ophthalmoplegia
Authors: Rodríguez-López Claudia , García-Cárdaba Luis M. , Blázquez Alberto , Serrano-Lorenzo Pablo , Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Gerardo , San Millán-Tejado Beatriz , Muelas Nuria , Hernández-Laín Aurelio , Vílchez Juan J. , Gutiérrez-Rivas Eduardo , Arenas Joaquín , Martín Miguel A. , Domínguez-González Cristina 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundMitochondrial progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) encompasses a broad spectrum of clinical and genetic disorders. We describe the phenotypic subtypes of PEO and its correlation with molecular defects and propose a diagnostic algorithm.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the clinical, pathological and genetic features of 89 cases.ResultsThree main phenotypes were found: ‘pure PEO’ (42%), consisting of isolated palpebral ptosis with ophthalmoparesis; Kearns-Sayre syndrome (10%); and ‘PEO plus’, which associates extraocular symptoms, distinguishing the following subtypes: : myopathic (33%), bulbar (12%) and others (3%). Muscle biopsy was the most accurate test, showing mitochondrial changes in 95%. Genetic diagnosis was achieved in 96% of the patients. Single large-scale mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion was the most frequent finding (63%), followed by multiple mtDNA deletions (26%) due to mutations in TWNK (n=8), POLG (n=7), TK2 (n=6) or RRM2B (n=2) genes, and point mtDNA mutations (7%). Three new likely pathogenic mutations were identified in the TWNK and MT-TN genes.ConclusionsPhenotype–genotype correlations cannot be brought in mitochondrial PEO. Muscle biopsy should be the first step in the diagnostic flow of PEO when mitochondrial aetiology is suspected since it also enables the study of mtDNA rearrangements. If no mtDNA deletions are identified, whole mtDNA sequencing should be performed.
Measuring the effect of node aggregation on community detection
Authors: Gandica Yérali , Decuyper Adeline , Cloquet Christophe , Thomas Isabelle , Delvenne Jean-Charles 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany times the nodes of a complex network, whether deliberately or not, are aggregated for technical, ethical, legal limitations or privacy reasons. A common example is the geographic position: one may uncover communities in a network of places, or of individuals identified with their typical geographical position, and then aggregate these places into larger entities, such as municipalities, thus obtaining another network. The communities found in the networks obtained at various levels of aggregation may exhibit various degrees of similarity, from full alignment to perfect independence. This is akin to the problem of ecological and atomic fallacies in statistics, or to the Modified Areal Unit Problem in geography.We identify the class of community detection algorithms most suitable to cope with node aggregation, and develop an index for aggregability, capturing to which extent the aggregation preserves the community structure. We illustrate its relevance on real-world examples (mobile phone and Twitter reply-to networks). Our main message is that any node-partitioning analysis performed on aggregated networks should be interpreted with caution, as the outcome may be strongly influenced by the level of the aggregation.
Effects of rotational submarine slump dynamics on tsunami genesis: new insight from idealized models and the 1929 Grand Banks event
Authors: Zengaffinen T. , Løvholt F. , Pedersen G. K. , Harbitz C. B. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Sediment slumps are known to have generated important tsunamis such as the 1998 Papua New Guinea (PNG) and the 1929 Grand Banks events. Tsunami modellers commonly use solid blocks with short run-out distances to simulate these slumps. While such methods have the obvious advantage of being simple to use, they offer little or no insight into physical processes that drive the events. The importance of rotational slump motion to tsunamigenic potential is demonstrated in this study by employing a viscoplastic landslide model with Herschel–Bulkley rheology. A large number of simulations for different material properties and landslide configurations are carried out to link the slump's deformation, rheology, its translational and rotational kinematics, to its tsunami genesis. The yield strength of the slump is shown to be the primary material property that determines the tsunami genesis. This viscoplastic model is further employed to simulate the 1929 Grand Banks tsunami using updated geological source information. The results of this case study suggest that the viscoplastic model can be used to simulate complex slump-induced tsunami. The simulations of the 1929 Grand Banks event also indicate that a pure slump mechanism is more tsunamigenic than a corresponding translational landslide mechanism.
Synthesis of Flexible Accelerators for Early Adoption of Ring-LWE Post-quantum Cryptography
Authors: Nejatollahi Hamid , Valencia Felipe , Banik Subhadeep , Regazzoni Francesco , Cammarota Rosario , Dutt Nikil 
Published: March 2020

The advent of the quantum computer makes current public-key infrastructure insecure. Cryptography community is addressing this problem by designing, efficiently implementing, and evaluating novel public-key algorithms capable of withstanding quantum computational power. Governmental agencies, such as NIST, are promoting standardization of quantum-resistant algorithms that is expected to run for 7 years. Several modern applications must maintain permanent data secrecy; therefore, they ultimately require the use of quantum-resistant algorithms. Because algorithms are still under scrutiny for eventual standardization, the deployment of the hardware implementation of quantum-resistant algorithms is still in early stages.

In this article, we propose a methodology to design programmable hardware accelerators for lattice-based algorithms, and we use the proposed methodology to implement flexible and energy efficient post-quantum cache-based accelerators for
NewHope
,
Kyber
,
Dilithium
, Key Consensus from Lattice (
KCL
), and
R.EMBLEM
submissions to the NIST standardization contest.

To the best of our knowledge, we propose the first efficient domain-specific, programmable cache-based accelerators for lattice-based algorithms. We design a single accelerator for a common kernel among various schemes with different kernel sizes, i.e., loop count, and data types. This is in contrast to the traditional approach of designing one special purpose accelerators for each scheme.
We validate our methodology by integrating our accelerators into an HLS-based SoC infrastructure based on the X86 processor and evaluate overall performance. Our experiments demonstrate the suitability of the approach and allow us to collect insightful information about the performance bottlenecks and the energy efficiency of the explored algorithms. Our results provide guidelines for hardware designers, highlighting the optimization points to address for achieving the highest energy minimization and performance increase. At the same time, our proposed design allows us to specify and execute new variants of lattice-based schemes with superior energy efficiency compared to the main application processor without changing the hardware acceleration platform. For example, we manage to reduce the energy consumption up to 2.1× and energy-delay product (EDP) up to 5.2× and improve the speedup up to 2.5×.
Compiling for the Worst Case
Authors: Luppold Arno , Oehlert Dominic , Falk Heiko 
Published: March 2020

Modern embedded hard real-time systems feature multiple tasks running on multiple processing cores. Schedulability analysis of such systems is usually performed on an abstract system level with each task being represented as a black box with fixed timing properties. If timing constraints are violated, then optimizing the system on a code-level to achieve schedulability is a tedious task.
To tackle this issue, we propose an extension to the WCET-aware C Compiler framework WCC. We integrated an optimization framework based on Integer-Linear Programming into the WCC that is able to optimize a multi-core system with multiple tasks running on each core with regards to its schedulability. We evaluate the framework by providing two approaches on a schedulability aware static Scratchpad Memory (SPM) allocation: one based on Integer-Linear Programming (ILP) and one based on a genetic algorithm.
Rb and p53-Deficient Myxofibrosarcoma and Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Require Skp2 for Survival
Authors: Li George Z. , Okada Tomoyo , Kim Young-Mi , Agaram Narasimhan P. , Sanchez-Vega Francisco , Shen Yawei , Tsubokawa Norifumi , Rios Jordan , Martin Axel S. , Dickson Mark A. , Qin Li-Xuan , Socci Nicholas D. , Singer Samuel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) are highly genetically complex soft tissue sarcomas. Up to 50% of patients develop distant metastases, but current systemic therapies have limited efficacy. MFS and UPS have recently been shown to commonly harbor copy number alterations or mutations in the tumor suppressor genes RB1 and TP53. As these alterations have been shown to engender dependence on the oncogenic protein Skp2 for survival of transformed cells in mouse models, we sought to examine its function and potential as a therapeutic target in MFS/UPS. Comparative genomic hybridization and next-generation sequencing confirmed that a significant fraction of MFS and UPS patient samples (n = 94) harbor chromosomal deletions and/or loss-of-function mutations in RB1 and TP53 (88% carry alterations in at least one gene; 60% carry alterations in both). Tissue microarray analysis identified a correlation between absent Rb and p53 expression and positive expression of Skp2. Downregulation of Skp2 or treatment with the Skp2-specific inhibitor C1 revealed that Skp2 drives proliferation of patient-derived MFS/UPS cell lines deficient in both Rb and p53 by degrading p21 and p27. Inhibition of Skp2 using the neddylation-activating enzyme inhibitor pevonedistat decreased growth of Rb/p53-negative patient-derived cell lines and mouse xenografts. These results demonstrate that loss of both Rb and p53 renders MFS and UPS dependent on Skp2, which can be therapeutically exploited and could provide the basis for promising novel systemic therapies for MFS and UPS.

Significance:
Loss of both Rb and p53 renders myxofibrosarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma dependent on Skp2, which could provide the basis for promising novel systemic therapies.
See related commentary by Lambert and Jones, p. 2437
Destruction of a Microtubule-Bound MYC Reservoir during Mitosis Contributes to Vincristine's Anticancer Activity
Authors: Becker Sabrina , Kiecke Christina , Schäfer Eva , Sinzig Ursula , Deuper Lena , Trigo-Mourino Pablo , Griesinger Christian , Koch Raphael , Rydzynska Zuzanna , Chapuy Bjoern , von Bonin Frederike , Kube Dieter , Venkataramani Vivek , Bohnenberger Hanibal , Leha Andreas , Flach Johanna , Dierks Sascha , Bastians Holger , Maruschak Brigitte , Bojarczuk Kamil , Taveira Mateus de Oliveira , Trümper Lorenz , Wulf Gerburg M. , Wulf Gerald G. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Tightly regulated activity of the transcription factor MYC is essential for orderly cell proliferation. Upon deregulation, MYC elicits and promotes cancer progression. Proteasomal degradation is an essential element of MYC regulation, initiated by phosphorylation at Serine62 (Ser62) of the MB1 region. Here, we found that Ser62 phosphorylation peaks in mitosis, but that a fraction of nonphosphorylated MYC binds to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle. Consequently, the microtubule-destabilizing drug vincristine decreases wild-type MYC stability, whereas phosphorylation-deficient MYC is more stable, contributing to vincristine resistance and induction of polyploidy. PI3K inhibition attenuates postmitotic MYC formation and augments the cytotoxic effect of vincristine.

Implications:
The spindle's function as a docking site for MYC during mitosis may constitute a window of specific vulnerability to be exploited for cancer treatment.