bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Correlations and Causal Relations Between Intraspinal Pressure, Spinal Cord Perfusion Pressure, Lactate-to-Pyruvate Ratio, and Limb Power
Authors: Hogg Florence R. A. , Kearney Siobhan , Zoumprouli Argyro , Papadopoulos Marios C. , Saadoun Samira 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background/Objective
We have recently developed monitoring from the injury site in patients with acute, severe traumatic spinal cord injuries to facilitate their management in the intensive care unit. This is analogous to monitoring from the brain in patients with traumatic brain injuries. This study aims to determine whether, after traumatic spinal cord injury, fluctuations in the monitored physiological, and metabolic parameters at the injury site are causally linked to changes in limb power.

Methods
This is an observational study of a cohort of adult patients with motor-incomplete spinal cord injuries, i.e., grade C American spinal injuries association Impairment Scale. A pressure probe and a microdialysis catheter were placed intradurally at the injury site. For up to a week after surgery, we monitored limb power, intraspinal pressure, spinal cord perfusion pressure, and tissue lactate-to-pyruvate ratio. We established correlations between these variables and performed Granger causality analysis.

Results
Nineteen patients, aged 22–70 years, were recruited. Motor score versus intraspinal pressure had exponential decay relation (intraspinal pressure rise to 20 mmHg was associated with drop of 11 motor points, but little drop in motor points as intraspinal pressure rose further, R2 = 0.98). Motor score versus spinal cord perfusion pressure (up to 110 mmHg) had linear relation (1.4 motor point rise/10 mmHg rise in spinal cord perfusion pressure, R2 = 0.96). Motor score versus lactate-to-pyruvate ratio (greater than 20) also had linear relation (0.8 motor score drop/10-point rise in lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, R2 = 0.92). Increased intraspinal pressure Granger-caused increase in lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, decrease in spinal cord perfusion, and decrease in motor score. Increased spinal cord perfusion Granger-caused decrease in lactate-to-pyruvate ratio and increase in motor score. Increased lactate-to-pyruvate ratio Granger-caused increase in intraspinal pressure, decrease in spinal cord perfusion, and decrease in motor score. Causality analysis also revealed multiple vicious cycles that amplify insults to the cord thus exacerbating cord damage.

Conclusion
Monitoring intraspinal pressure, spinal cord perfusion pressure, lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, and intervening to normalize these parameters are likely to improve limb power.
Statistical Tauberian theorems for Cesàro integrability mean based on post-quantum calculus
Authors: Parida P. , Paikray S. K. , Jena B. B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe notion of statistical convergence is more general than the classical convergence. Tauberian theorems via different ordinary summability means have been established by many researchers. In the present work, we have established some new Tauberian theorems based on post-quantum calculus via statistical Cesàro summability mean of real-valued continuous function of one variable under oscillating behavior and De la vallée Poussin mean of a single integral. Moreover, some remarks and corollaries are provided here to support our theorems.
Introducing ORTO-R: a revision of ORTO-15
Authors: Rogoza Radosław , Donini Lorenzo M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Orthorexia nervosa has attracted significant attention in the field, however, alongside increasing knowledge, more and more gaps are being identified. One of the fundamental problems concerns measurement of orthorexia nervosa. The most commonly used self-report measure, the ORTO-15, demonstrated an unstable factorial structure across different populations. Therefore, one might question whether the knowledge obtained from past research using ORTO-15 is valid or not. The aim of the present paper is to re-analyse original data used for the validation of ORTO-15 to assess its factorial structure and propose its revision, the ORTO-R.

Methods
The description of the sample and procedure corresponds to the one reported in Donini et al. (Eat Weight Disord 10:28–32, 2005). N = 525 subjects were enrolled. To evaluate whether the factorial structure of ORTO-15, we used confirmatory factor analysis. The results revealed that the ORTO-15 indeed does not capture the structure of orthorexia nervosa adequately and revision is needed. The ORTO-R contains six items from ORTO-15, which were identified as the best markers of orthorexia nervosa.

Discussion and conclusion
In the current paper, we present a refined measure of orthorexia nervosa—the ORTO-R. It is based on a frequently used ORTO-15, overcoming its main limitations. We strongly believe that the current work will act as a bridge, linking past with the future research, and that alongside a new measure, the field of research on orthorexia nervosa will move forward.

Level of evidence
Level V, descriptive study.
Circular Slit Maps of Multiply Connected Regions with Application to Brain Image Processing
Authors: Sangawi Ali W. K. , Murid Ali H. M. , Lee Khiy Wei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present a fast boundary integral equation method for the numerical conformal mapping and its inverse of bounded multiply connected regions onto a disk and annulus with circular slits regions. The method is based on two uniquely solvable boundary integral equations with Neumann-type and generalized Neumann kernels. The integral equations related to the mappings are solved numerically using combination of Nyström method, GMRES method, and fast multipole method. The complexity of this new algorithm is $$O((M + 1)n)$$

O
(
(
M
+
1
)
n
)

, where $$M+1$$

M
+
1

stands for the multiplicity of the multiply connected region and n refers to the number of nodes on each boundary component. Previous algorithms require $$O((M+1)^3 n^3)$$

O
(

(
M
+
1
)

3

n
3

)

operations. The numerical results of some test calculations demonstrate that our method is capable of handling regions with complex geometry and very high connectivity. An application of the method on medical human brain image processing is also presented.
Relationship Between Metabolic Fitness and Performance in Police Occupational Tasks
Authors: Canetti Elisa F. D. , Dawes J. Jay , Drysdale Phoebe H. , Lockie Robert , Kornhauser Charlie , Holmes Ryan , Schram Ben , Orr Robin M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine the relationship between metabolic fitness test scores and performance in police occupational tasks.MethodsRetrospective data from 106 law enforcement officers who completed two metabolic fitness assessments [anaerobic: a 20-m (10-m and 20-m splits) sprint, aerobic: 20 m Multi-Stage Fitness Test (20 m-MSFT)] and three routine occupational tasks [1.22 m Fence jump (FJ), 8.5 m Victim Drag (VD with 102.3 kg) and “Get-up” (GU)] were collected. A Person’s correlation coefficient and a standard multiple regression were used to assess the relationship between and predictive ability of, respectively, the fitness tests scores and performance on occupational tasks.ResultsThere was a significant positive correlation between the 10-m sprint scores and FJ (r = 0.524,P < 0.001), VD (r = 0.528,P < 0.001) and GU (r = 0.486,P < 0.001). Similarly, the 20-m sprint scores were significantly and moderately correlated with FJ (r = 0.573,P < 0.001), VD (r = 0.603,P < 0.001) and GU (r = 0.533,P < 0.001). These anaerobic tests’ scores predicted approximately 40% of the performance in the occupational tasks analysed. The MSFT fitness assessment had a small, albeit significant negative correlation with the three tasks: FJ (r = − 0.360,P < 0.001), VD (r = − 0.266,P = 0.012) and GU (r = − 0.375,P < 0.001).ConclusionHigh levels of metabolic fitness correlated with faster performance in police officer occupational tasks, particularly ones of an anaerobic nature (i.e. the maximal sprint tests). In addition to typical aerobic fitness conditioning, anaerobic fitness conditioning could be vital for optimal performance in physically demanding tasks required of police officer.
Penile Size Dissatisfaction
Authors: Pastoor Hester , Gregory Angela 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Men concerned about their penis size often consult professionals working in urology, andrology, surgery, and sexual medicine.

Aim
To inform professionals in the sexual medicine field about small penis syndrome as a clinical syndrome and to provide recommendations for treatment.

Methods
This was an overview of the existing literature combined with our extensive clinical experience.

Results
Small penis syndrome is a syndrome with psychiatric comorbidities and social consequences that impair life. Men with these concerns tend to be susceptible for treatment that is not evidence based and potentially harmful.

Clinical Implications
Treatment of men with concerns about penis size should start with a thorough biopsychosocial assessment, followed by extensive psychoeducation, counselling, and psychological interventions, even if surgery is being considered.

Strengths & Limitations
The strength of this study is the concise overview of the existing literature combined with clinical experience which leads to important recommendations. Limitation is that this is not a systematic review.

Conclusion
Complaints about penis size should be taken seriously, and a thorough biopsychosocial and multidisciplinary assessment is required.
Psychosexual Outcome, Sexual Function, and Long-Term Satisfaction of Adolescent and Young Adult Men After Childhood Hypospadias Repair
Authors: Tack Lloyd J.W. , Springer Alexander , Riedl Stefan , Tonnhofer Ursula , Weninger Julia , Hiess Manuela , Van Laecke Erik , Hoebeke Piet , Spinoit Anne-Françoise , Cools Martine , Van Hoecke Eline 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The psychosexual outcome in adolescents and young adults (AYA) men born with hypospadias is precarious. However, the factors responsible for impaired outcome in some AYA men have been understudied.

Aim
To explore the outcome after hypospadias repair in childhood of AYA men aged 16–21 years and examine their opinion and their parents’ opinion about this type of surgery.

Methods
Cross-sectional assessment of 193 AYA men born with hypospadias and 50 male controls was performed. Questionnaires such as the Decision Regret Scale, Pediatric Penile Perception Score, Sexual Quality of Life–Male, International Index of Erectile Function, and a custom-made questionnaire were used. The Decision Regret Scale and a custom-made questionnaire were also completed by the participants' parents. Physical examination including Hypospadias Objective Penile Evaluation and measuring stretched penile length was performed.

Outcomes
This study reports the psychosexual functioning (ie, social, relational, and sexual), erectile and sexual function after childhood hypospadias repair, using ad hoc measures. In addition, the opinion about hypospadias repair of patients and their parents is represented.

Results
The number of surgeries and satisfaction regarding penile appearance were the most important factors associated with the opinion on hypospadias repair and the psychosexual outcome. Most AYA men were more satisfied with their penile appearance than the physician. 80% of men were satisfied with having had a childhood hypospadias repair, even though they had not been able to consent to surgery themselves. Erectile and ejaculation problems were mild and seen in approximately 10% of the population.

Clinical Implications
Based on our data, deferring hypospadias repair until the patient can decide himself is not warranted. However, physicians who accept a suboptimal esthetic outcome and withdraw from repeated surgery may contribute importantly to the patient's well-being, especially in proximal forms of hypospadias.

Strengths & Limitations
This is one of the rare studies addressing the AYA's psychosexual outcome after childhood hypospadias repair. Strengths include the combination of clinical and psychosexual data from a very large cohort of men and their parents to provide a more holistic view. By entering this study, participants might have a different comfort level regarding their sexuality or have a different body image than the overall population of young men.

Conclusion
Uncomplicated hypospadias surgery results in equal psychosexual outcome as controls and in high satisfaction rates; multiple surgeries are a risk factor for poorer outcomes. 80% of men are satisfied with childhood hypospadias repair.
Identification of bacterial hazards in the production of artisan fresh cheese in Cuba
Authors: Martínez Ailin , Montes de Oca Nivian , Armenteros Mabelín , Uffo Odalys , Riverón Yamilka , González Dayaimi , Remón Dianys , Benone Paes Severino , Adrião Manoel , Farías de Andrade Soraya , Villoch Alejandra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractArtisan fresh cheese producing farms from six provinces of Cuba were studied to identify the presence of bacterial hazards and the results are presented in this research communication. The bacterial hazards identified in milk and cheese respectively were: Listeria spp. (9.5 and 18.9%), Bacillus cereus (23.2 and 24.2%), Escherichia coli O157 (12.6 and 13.7%), Salmonella spp. (10.5 and 17.9%), and Staphylococcus aureus (29.5 and 51.6%). Listeria monocytogenes was not detected. Nine Salmonella serotypes corresponding to Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica and Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae were isolated, whereas Salmonella Anatum was present most often. Biofilm formation by the isolated species and enterotoxin production by S. aureus strains demonstrated the pathogenic potential of the identified bacterial hazards. Results proved the presence of bacterial hazards in the raw milk and cheeses analyzed, so that good manufacturing practices must be accomplished throughout the entire production process in order to avoid the occurrence of foodborne diseases in the population.
What and who is an Antarctic ambassador?
Authors: Alexander Karen A. , Liggett Daniela , Leane Elizabeth , Nielsen Hanne E. F. , Bailey Jennifer L. , Brasier Madeline J. , Haward Marcus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe term “Antarctic ambassadorship” is increasingly used to represent an individual’s connection to Antarctica and their subsequent advocacy. However, there is little clarity regarding the concept. To address this, we combined a literature review with an expert elicitation workshop. We argue that (i) the concept of Antarctic ambassador has been understood in myriad ways; (ii) Antarctic ambassadors have a connection to, knowledge of and passion for Antarctica; (iii) they also have a commitment to defending and advancing Antarctic values and (iv) Antarctic ambassadorship is about more than advocacy. We propose the first comprehensive definition of Antarctic ambassadorship. We hope this will provide a cornerstone upon which future research, and a more informed governance of Antarctic tourism, can be built.
The prevalence and influencing factors in anxiety in medical workers fighting COVID-19 in China: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Liu Chen-Yun , Yang Yun-zhi , Zhang Xiao-Ming , Xu Xinying , Dou Qing-Li , Zhang Wen-Wu , Cheng Andy S. K. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2 virus) has been sustained in China since December 2019, and has become a pandemic. The mental health of frontline medical staff is a concern. In this study, we aimed to identify the factors influencing medical worker anxiety in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of anxiety among medical staff in China from 10 February 2020 to 20 February 2020 using the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) to assess anxiety, with the criteria of normal (⩽49), mild (50–59), moderate (60–70) and severe anxiety (⩾70). We used multivariable linear regression to determine the factors (e.g. having direct contact when treating infected patients, being a medical staff worker from Hubei province, being a suspect case) for anxiety. We also used adjusted models to confirm independent factors for anxiety after adjusting for gender, age, education and marital status. Of 512 medical staff in China, 164 (32.03%) had had direct contact treating infected patients. The prevalence of anxiety was 12.5%, with 53 workers suffering from mild (10.35%), seven workers suffering from moderate (1.36%) and four workers suffering from severe anxiety (0.78%). After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, education and marital status), medical staff who had had direct contact treating infected patients experienced higher anxiety scores than those who had not had direct contact (β value = 2.33, confidence interval (CI) 0.65–4.00; P = 0.0068). A similar trend was observed in medical staff from Hubei province, compared with those from other parts of China (β value = 3.67, CI 1.44–5.89; P = 0.0013). The most important variable was suspect cases with high anxiety scores, compared to non-suspect cases (β value = 4.44, CI 1.55–7.33; P = 0.0028). In this survey of hospital medical workers during the COVID-19 outbreak in China, we found that study participants experienced anxiety symptoms, especially those who had direct clinical contact with infected patients; as did those in the worst affected areas, including Hubei province; and those who were suspect cases. Governments and healthcare authorities should proactively implement appropriate psychological intervention programmes, to prevent, alleviate or treat increased anxiety.
Remaining Cervical Spine Movement Under Different Immobilization Techniques
Authors: Uzun Davut D. , Jung Matthias K. , Weerts Jeronimo , Münzberg Matthias , Grützner Paul A. , Häske David , Kreinest Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground:Immobilization of the cervical spine by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel is a standard procedure. In most EMS, multiple immobilization tools are available.The aim of this study is the analysis of residual spine motion under different types of cervical spine immobilization.Methods:In this explorative biomechanical study, different immobilization techniques were performed on three healthy subjects. The test subjects’ heads were then passively moved to cause standardized spinal motion. The primary endpoints were the remaining range of motion for flexion, extension, bending, and rotation measured with a wireless human motion detector.Results:In the case of immobilization of the test person (TP) on a straight (0°) vacuum mattress, the remaining rotation of the cervical spine could be reduced from 7° to 3° by additional headblocks. Also, the remaining flexion and extension were reduced from 14° to 3° and from 15° to 6°, respectively. The subjects’ immobilization was best on a spine board using a headlock system and the Spider Strap belt system (MIH-Medical; Georgsmarienhütte, Germany). However, the remaining cervical spine extension increased from 1° to 9° if a Speedclip belt system was used (Laerdal; Stavanger, Norway). The additional use of a cervical collar was not advantageous in reducing cervical spine movement with a spine board or vacuum mattress.Conclusions:The remaining movement of the cervical spine is minimal when the patient is immobilized on a spine board with a headlock system and a Spider Strap harness system or on a vacuum mattress with additional headblocks. The remaining movement of the cervical spine could not be reduced by the additional use of a cervical collar.
The Effect of Implementation of the American Heart Association Mission Lifeline PreAct Algorithm for Prehospital Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Activation on the Rate of “False Positive” Activations
Authors: Tolles Juliana , Bosson Nichole , Kaji Amy H. , Henry Timothy D. , French William J. , Gausche-Hill Marianne , Andruss Kevin , McNeil Nathan , Nakkim Eric C. , Thomas Gregory S. , Gunderson Michael R. , Lewis Roger J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHypothesis:Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems have developed protocols for prehospital activation of the cardiac catheterization laboratory for patients with suspected ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to decrease first-medical-contact-to-balloon time (FMC2B). The rate of “false positive” prehospital activations is high. In order to decrease this rate and expedite care for patients with true STEMI, the American Heart Association (AHA; Dallas, Texas USA) developed the Mission Lifeline PreAct STEMI algorithm, which was implemented in Los Angeles County (LAC; California USA) in 2015. The hypothesis of this study was that implementation of the PreAct algorithm would increase the positive predictive value (PPV) of prehospital activation.Methods:This is an observational pre-/post-study of the effect of the implementation of the PreAct algorithm for patients with suspected STEMI transported to one of five STEMI Receiving Centers (SRCs) within the LAC Regional System. The primary outcome was the PPV of cardiac catheterization laboratory activation for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). The secondary outcome was FMC2B.Results:A total of 1,877 patients were analyzed for the primary outcome in the pre-intervention period and 405 patients in the post-intervention period. There was an overall decrease in cardiac catheterization laboratory activations, from 67% in the pre-intervention period to 49% in the post-intervention period (95% CI for the difference, -14% to -22%). The overall rate of cardiac catheterization declined in post-intervention period as compared the pre-intervention period, from 34% to 30% (95% CI, for the difference -7.6% to 0.4%), but actually increased for subjects who had activation (48% versus 58%; 95% CI, 4.6%-15.0%). Implementation of the PreAct algorithm was associated with an increase in the PPV of activation for PCI or CABG from 37.9% to 48.6%. The overall odds ratio (OR) associated with the intervention was 1.4 (95% CI, 1.1-1.8). The effect of the intervention was to decrease variability between medical centers. There was no associated change in average FMC2B.Conclusions:The implementation of the PreAct algorithm in the LAC EMS system was associated with an overall increase in the PPV of cardiac catheterization laboratory activation.