bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial adjustment towards performance‐based mutual fund returns: Evidence from U.S.‐based equity funds
Authors: Hippler William J. , Hassan M. Kabir , Pezzo Luca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMutual fund managers face heavy competition and have incentives to quickly re‐allocate their portfolios in order to achieve and beat their performance targets. However, portfolio adjustments are costly, as trading, administrative, and information costs reduce net returns. Therefore, managers face a trade‐off between the benefits of adjusting the portfolio in order to achieve/exceed performance targets and the costs associated with these adjustments. We apply an asymmetric partial adjustment model to a sample of U.S.‐based, open‐ended, equity mutual funds. Our results show that active mutual funds quickly offset and reverse underperformance and have some success in maintaining short‐term, above‐average fund performance. The average mutual fund in our sample offsets 103% of the deviation within 1 month following underperformance, while slowing adjustment to 84% of the deviation following outperformance. Moreover, we link relative performance‐driven portfolio rebalancing to heterogeneous information costs across fund investment objectives and find that funds focusing on acquiring more specific and costly information adjust more efficiently than those with broader investment objectives.
Social funding of green financing: An application of distributed ledger technologies
Authors: Yoshino Naoyuki , Schloesser Tim , Taghizadeh‐Hesary Farhad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTechnical developments in the sphere of distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) provide the opportunity to enhance existing tools of social funding. In a first step, we elaborate their application to the community‐based hometown investment trust (HIT) fund, which provides financing for small‐scale renewable energy projects. In a second step, we model the investment decision problem of households to illustrate through which channel the use of DLTs impacts the household's behaviour. Our model captures the return–risk trade‐off between two forms of investments for households with different risk preferences. It reveals that the use of DLTs can mitigate the associated risk of an investment in a HIT fund causing more risk‐averse households to change their investment behaviour. Although our theoretical analysis ascertains the potentials of DLTs to enhance social funding schemes, it also works out challenges for the establishment of DLT based funds.
Impact of information on winners' curse and long run performance of initial public offerings
Authors: Chhabra Sheena , Kiran Ravi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe current research focuses on the short run and long run performance of initial public offerings (IPOs) during 2005–2012. The study evaluates the impact of informational variables (both internal and external) on the first day returns. The performances have been measured through market adjusted excess return (MAER) and buy and hold abnormal returns (BHAR). A structural equation model (SEM) has been designed to identify how information affects the short run performance of IPOs. The results reveal that new issues are underpriced thereby proving winners' curse hypothesis. The study highlights that the informational variables have a significant effect on first day returns. The results also indicate that the average long run returns are negative. The results of this study will assist global investors in decision making and will facilitate active participation of these investors in IPOs in emerging markets like India.
The impact of the yield curve on the equity returns of insurance companies
Authors: Killins Robert N. , Chen Haiwei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe past two decades have provided an interest rate environment that has generally been in decline, with current short‐term rates near zero in most financial markets around the world. This environment puts pressure on insurance firms who generally rely on debt markets to provide returns to fund their future financial obligations and to produce profits for their shareholders. This study examines the impact that the yield curve has on equity returns of Canadian and U.S. insurance companies during the past two decades. Using various measures of the yield curve, U.S. insurers' equity returns tend to have a negative relationship with the yield curve. In the Canadian sample, although the yield curve coefficients are negative and thus directionally align with the U.S. results, there is little statistical significance. Finally, there is additional support for the information diffusion hypothesis and asymmetric impacts of the yield curve on insurers' equity returns.
Technical analysis using Heiken Ashi Stochastic: To catch a trend, use a HASTOC
Authors: Roy Trivedi Smita 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe study develops a new technical analysis indicator, HASTOC, which reflects in a single number the likelihood of trend generation and momentum in the market. The indicator is developed using the basic characteristics of the Japanese Heiken Ashi (HA) candles. We backtest strategies using HA and HASTOC for three currencies, one index and one stock for three major time frames in each market and find that the strategies give consistent positive returns for select time frames and markets. The contribution of this study extends to the practical trading scenario and literature on technical analysis.
Momentum crashes and variations to market liquidity
Authors: Butt Hilal Anwar , Virk Nader Shahzad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe document that the variation in market liquidity is an important determinant of momentum crashes that is independent of other known explanations. This relationship is driven by the asymmetric large return sensitivity of short‐leg of momentum portfolio to changes in market liquidity that increases the tail risk of the momentum strategy in panic states. Identifying this partly explains the forecasting ability of known predictors of tail risk of the momentum strategy. The contemporaneous increase in market liquidity explains, to some extent, the documented negative relationship between predictors and future momentum returns. Our findings are robust to the use of alternative measures of market liquidity that share a common source of variation in aggregate liquidity.
Content‐based gastric image retrieval using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Hu Huiyi , Zheng Wenfang , Zhang Xu , Zhang Xinsen , Liu Jiquan , Hu Weiling , Duan Huilong , Si Jianmin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe endoscopy procedure has demonstrated great efficiency in detecting stomach lesions, with extensive numbers of endoscope images produced globally each day. The content‐based gastric image retrieval (CBGIR) system has demonstrated substantial potential in gastric image analysis. Gastric precancerous diseases (GPD) have higher prevalence in gastric cancer patients. Thus, effective intervention is crucial at the GPD stage. In this paper, a CBGIR method is proposed using a modified ResNet‐18 to generate binary hash codes for a rapid and accurate image retrieval process. We tested several popular models (AlexNet, VGGNet and ResNet), with ResNet‐18 determined as the optimum option. Our proposed method was valued using a GPD data set, resulting in a classification accuracy of 96.21 ± 0.66% and a mean average precision of 0.927 ± 0.006, outperforming other state‐of‐art conventional methods. Furthermore, we constructed a Gastric‐Map (GM) based on feature representations in order to visualize the retrieval results. This work has great auxiliary significance for endoscopists in terms of understanding the typical GPD characteristics and improving aided diagnosis.
GSVA score reveals molecular signatures from transcriptomes for biomaterials comparison
Authors: Ferreira Marcel R. , Santos Gerson A. , Biagi Carlos A. , Silva Junior Wilson A. , Zambuzzi Willian F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTwo in silico methodologies were implemented to reveal the molecular signatures of inorganic hydroxyapatite and β‐TCP materials from a transcriptome database to compare biomaterials. To test this new methodology, we choose the array E‐MTAB‐7219, which contains the transcription profile of osteoblastic cell line seeded onto 15 different biomaterials up to 48 hr. The expansive potential of the methodology was tested from the construction of customized signatures. We present, for the first time, a methodology to compare the performance of different biomaterials using the transcriptome profile of the cell through the Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) score. To test this methodology, we implemented two methods based on MSigDB collections, using all the collections and sub‐collections except the Hallmark collection, which was used in the second method. The result of this analysis provided an initial understanding of biomaterial grouping based on the cell transcriptional landscape. The comparison using GSVA score combined efforts and expand the potential to compare biomaterials using transcriptome profile. Altogether, our results provide a better understanding of the comparison of different biomaterials and suggest a possibility of the new methodology be applied to the prospection of new biomaterials.
Fouling identification in reciprocal membrane photobioreactor (RMPBR) containing Chlorella vulgaris species: Hydraulic resistances assessment
Authors: Azizi Soroush , Hashemi Ali , Pajoum Shariati Farshid , Bonakdarpour Babak , Safamirzaei Mani 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe membrane photobioreactor is a combination of membrane technology and the photobioreactor system. It is an economic and efficient system for microalgae cultivation. Light cycles and its intensity are significant parameters in the biomass production and synthesis of metabolites, such as protein and carbohydrates, within the microalgae cells. These parameters can, therefore, have a significant impact on the rate and characteristics of fouling in membrane photobioreactor systems.RESULTSIn this work, Chlorella vulgaris (green microalgae) was cultivated within the designed reciprocal membrane photobioreactor (RMPBR) under 24–0, 16–8, and 12–12 light–dark (L/D) cycles. Also, the transmembrane pressure (TMP) and different hydraulic membrane resistances (cake layer, pore‐blocking, and fluid resistances) were investigated. The 16–8 L/D cycle had the fastest fouling time (96 h), highest pore‐blocking resistance (Rp), and the maximum concentrations of protein and carbohydrate in the supernatant and permeate flux. However, the 12–12 L/D recorded the maximum cake layer resistance (Rc), the highest content of protein within the cake layer, and the longest fouling time (226 h). Additionally, the highest carbohydrate concentration within the cake layer was for the 24–0 L/D regime, and it was fouled after 162 h.CONCLUSIONThe Rc for each cycle had the highest values compared to the other calculated resistances. When the membrane is fouled, the mechanical membrane cleaning method employed in the RMPBR, which is in the form of an automatic spongy blade, cleans the cake layer on the membrane and improves its operation up to 80% via decreasing the Rt of the system. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
The current status of orthodontic education in U.S. pediatric dental residencies
Authors: Thayer Jessica J. , Park Jung Joo , Duong Mai‐Ly T. , Park Jae Hyun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurpose/objectivesThe purpose of this study was to survey the current status of orthodontic education at pediatric dental residencies in the United States. A similar survey was conducted >10 years ago. With changing healthcare politics, social demands, and technology, it is important to have current information about dental education.MethodsA 23‐item anonymous survey was sent to individual pediatric dental residency program directors via Qualtrics email software. The survey was sent a total of 4 times over an 8‐week period. If the surveys were not completed in a predetermined amount of time, they were resent to those who had not yet completed them.ResultsThere were 34 responders for a 24% response rate. Of the respondents, 73% reported teaching biomechanics of tooth movement, and 45% reported teaching 2 × 4 mechanics to “marginally acceptable” level. Early (91%) to late mixed dentition (77%) is the most commonly treated orthodontic case. While most programs do not require a minimum number of orthodontic cases for graduation (85%), residents’ understanding of growth and development is mostly (71%) evaluated through the results of the American Board of Pediatric Dentistry Qualifying Examination.ConclusionThis study summarizes the current climate of the orthodontic education component in U.S. pediatric dental residencies.
Accelerating progress towards the elimination of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV: a narrative review
Authors: Chi Benjamin H , Mbori‐Ngacha Dorothy , Essajee Shaffiq , Mofenson Lynne M , Tsiouris Fatima , Mahy Mary , Luo Chewe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionFindings from biomedical, behavioural and implementation studies provide a rich foundation to guide programmatic efforts for the prevention of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission (PMTCT).MethodsWe summarized the current evidence base to support policy makers, programme managers, funding agencies and other stakeholders in designing and optimizing PMTCT programmes. We searched the scientific literature for PMTCT interventions in the era of universal antiretroviral therapy for pregnant and breastfeeding women (i.e. 2013 onward). Where evidence was sparse, relevant studies from the general HIV treatment literature or from prior eras of PMTCT programme implementation were also considered. Studies were organized into six categories: HIV prevention services for women, timely access to HIV testing, timely access to ART, programme retention and adherence support, timely engagement in antenatal care and services for infants at highest risk of HIV acquisition. These were mapped to specific missed opportunities identified by the UNAIDS Spectrum model and embedded in UNICEF operational guidance to optimize PMTCT services.Results and discussionFrom May to November 2019, we identified numerous promising, evidence‐based strategies that, properly tailored and adopted, could contribute to population reductions in vertical HIV transmission. These spanned the HIV and maternal and child health literature, emphasizing the importance of continued alignment and integration of services. We observed overlap between several intervention domains, suggesting potential for synergies and increased downstream impact. Common themes included integration of facility‐based healthcare; decentralization of health services from facilities to communities; and engagement of partners, peers and lay workers for social support. Approaches to ensure early HIV diagnosis and treatment prior to pregnancy would strengthen care across the maternal lifespan and should be promoted in the context of PMTCT.ConclusionsA wide range of effective strategies exist to improve PMTCT access, uptake and retention. Programmes should carefully consider, prioritize and plan those that are most appropriate for the local setting and best address existing gaps in PMTCT health services.
Multiparametric MRI in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Schaapman Jelte J. , Tushuizen Maarten E. , Coenraad Minneke J. , Lamb Hildo J. 
Published: August 2020

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease in the world, affecting more than 25% of the adult population. NAFLD covers a spectrum including simple steatosis, in which lipid accumulation in hepatocytes is the predominant histological characteristic, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by additional hepatic inflammation with or without fibrosis. Liver biopsy is currently the reference standard to discriminate between hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis. Since liver biopsy has several disadvantages, noninvasive diagnostic methods with high sensitivity and specificity are desirable for the analysis of NAFLD. Improvements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology are continuously being implemented in clinical practice, specifically multiparametric MRI methods such as proton density fat‐fraction (PDFF), T2*, and T1 mapping, along with MR elastography. Multiparametric imaging of the liver has a promising role in the clinical management of NAFLD with quantification of fat content, iron load, and fibrosis, which are features in NAFLD. In the present article, we review the utility and limitations of multiparametric quantitative imaging of the liver for diagnosis and management of patients with NAFLD.Level of Evidence5.Technical Efficacy Stage3.
Effect of section thickness on cone beam computed tomography‐based measurements of intrabony defects compared with clinical measurements
Authors: Nikolic‐Jakoba Natasa , Barac Milena , Jankovic Sasa , Aleksic Zoran , Spin‐Neto Rubens , Wenzel Ann 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown whether cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) image reconstruction characteristics, including section thickness, may affect linear bone measurements of periodontal intrabony defects. The aim of this study was to compare intrasurgical and CBCT‐based linear measurements of intrabony defects focusing on CBCT section thickness.MethodsSixty‐six intrabony defects were assessed in 21 patients with chronic generalized severe periodontitis. Linear measurements of alveolar bone (radiographic bone level [rBL]), assessed in CBCT images at diverse section thicknesses: 0.25 mm (voxel size), 1 mm, and 3 mm, were compared with clinical bone level (cBL) measurements obtained intrasurgically. To provide identical reference points for rBL and cBL measurements, individually adjusted grooves on the reference stent were prepared for each periodontal defect site. CBCT measurements were performed in two rounds by two trained observers. Observer agreement was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). ANOVA assessed the difference among cBL and rBL at different section thicknesses.ResultsIntra‐ and inter‐observer agreement was excellent (ICC >0.99) and highly significant independent of the observer, evaluation round, and CBCT section thickness. Mean rBL in the diverse CBCT section thicknesses was very close to that measured clinically (cBL). There was no statistically significant difference between cBL and rBL for any section thickness, neither for the overall evaluated sites, nor the maxilla or mandible separately.ConclusionsNo statistically significant difference between clinical and radiographic bone level for 0.25‐, 1‐, and 3‐mm CBCT section thicknesses were observed when assessing intrabony periodontal defects.
Recent advances in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering‐based sensors for the detection of inorganic ions: Sensing mechanism and beyond
Authors: Ji Wei , Li Linfang , Zhang Yue , Wang Xinnan , Ozaki Yukihiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInorganic ions determination has been receiving increased attention due to its strong environmental and biomedical impact. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has been considered to be a promising alternative method for inorganic ions analysis. Initially, the detection of inorganic ions is indirectly achieved by monitoring the SERS spectral alteration of a molecular probe (Raman reporter) upon its interaction with a specific inorganic ion. Recent years, based on incorporation of a functional molecule, an aptamer, and a nanocatalyst into a sensing system, numerous new methods have been proposed for the construction of sensitive SERS‐based inorganic ion sensors. Herein, this review is devoted to the recent advances in SERS‐based sensors for the determination of inorganic ions and specially focuses on the sensing mechanism and sensing methods. In addition, the current challenges and future research opportunities in utilizing SERS‐based methods for inorganic ions sensing are briefly featured.
Electrochemical microreactor combined with mass spectrometry for online oxidation and real‐time detection of alkaloids
Authors: Yang Juan , Ye Li‐Hong , Wang Bin , Zheng Hui , Cao Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate the prototypes and oxidation products of alkaloids with the use of an online electrochemistry/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry system. The metabolism of oxidative phase I and II was simulated in an electrochemical reaction cell. The metabolic processes for coptisine and jatrorrhizine were simulated in a thin‐layer cell fitted with a glassy carbon working electrode, while the metabolic processes for berberine and palmatine were simulated by using a boron‐doped diamond working electrode. By using the new experimental system, dehydrogenation, demethylation, methylation, hydroxylation, and the formation of two hydroxylation adducts were detected by applying different potentials to the electrochemical cell. The online reaction with glutathione yielded different covalent glutathione adducts. The results obtained from the electrochemical simulation were found to be in good accordance with those reported previously in vivo, showing that electrochemistry/mass spectrometry is an effective tool for studying metabolic reactions for various complex components. Moreover, analysis of alkaloids in liver microsomes by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry confirmed the possibility of using an electrochemistry technique to simulate the metabolism of target compounds.
Double‐Blind Randomized Trial on the Efficacy of the Forced Prolonged Position for Treatment of Lateral Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Mandalà Marco , Califano Luigi , Casani Augusto Pietro , Faralli Mario , Marcelli Vincenzo , Neri Giampiero , Pecci Rudi , Scasso Felice , Scotto di Santillo Leonardo , Vannucchi Paolo , Giannoni Beatrice , Dasgupta Soumit , Bindi Ilaria , Salerni Lorenzo , Nuti Daniele 
Published: August 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe need for class I and II studies on the efficacy of liberatory maneuvers in the treatment of lateral canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (LC‐BPPV) motivated the present double‐blind randomized trial on the short‐term efficacy of the forced prolonged position (FPP).Study DesignDouble‐blind, randomized controlled trial.MethodsTwo hundred twenty‐one patients with unilateral LC‐BPPV met the inclusion criteria for a multicentric study. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment by FPP (116 subjects) or sham treatment (105 subjects). Subjects were followed up at 24 hours with the supine roll test by blinded examiners.ResultsAmong the sample, 67.4% and 32.6% of the patients showed respectively geotropic and apogeotropic variant of LC‐BPPV. At the 24‐hour follow‐up, the effectiveness of FFP compared to the sham maneuver was, respectively, 57.8% versus 12.4% (P < .0001) in the total sample, 76.9% versus 11.3% (P < .0001) in the geotropic variant group, and 60.5% versus 17.6% (P = .0003) in the apogeotropic variant group, including resolution or transformation to geotropic variant.ConclusionsFPP proved highly effective compared to the sham maneuver. The present class 2 study of the efficacy of the FPP changes the level of recommendation of the method for treating LC‐BPPV into a strong one.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 131:E1296–E1300, 2021