bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De-noising SDO/HMI Solar Magnetograms by Image Translation Method Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Park Eunsu , Moon Yong-Jae , Lim Daye , Lee Harim 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In astronomy, long-exposure observations are one of the important ways to improve signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns). In this Letter, we apply a deep-learning model to de-noise solar magnetograms. This model is based on a deep convolutional generative adversarial network with a conditional loss for image-to-image translation from a single magnetogram (input) to a stacked magnetogram (target). For the input magnetogram, we use Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) line-of-sight magnetograms at the center of the solar disk. For the target magnetogram, we make 21-frame-stacked magnetograms, taking into account solar rotation at the same position. We train a model using 7004 pairs of the input and target magnetograms from 2013 January to 2013 October. We then validate the model using 707 pairs from 2013 November and test the model using 736 pairs from 2013 December. Our results from this study are as follows. First, our model successfully de-noises SDO/HMI magnetograms, and the de-noised magnetograms from our model are mostly consistent with the target magnetograms. Second, the average noise level of the de-noised magnetograms is greatly reduced from 8.66 to 3.21 G, and it is consistent with that of the target magnetograms, 3.21 G. Third, the average pixel-to-pixel correlation coefficient value increases from 0.88 (input) to 0.94 (de-noised), which means that the de-noised magnetograms are more consistent with the target ones than the input ones. Our results can be applied to many scientific fields in which the integration of many frames (or long-exposure observations) are used to improve the S/N.
Detecting Interstellar Objects through Stellar Occultations
Authors: Siraj Amir , Loeb Abraham 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Stellar occultations have been used to search for Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud objects. We propose a search for interstellar objects based on the characteristic durations (∼0.1 s) of their stellar occultation signals and high inclination relative to the ecliptic plane. An all-sky monitoring program of all ∼7 × 106 stars with R ≲ 12.5 using 1-m telescopes with 0.1 s cadences is predicted to discover ∼1 interstellar object per year.
In-situ Switchback Formation in the Expanding Solar Wind
Authors: Squire J. , Chandran B. D. G. , Meyrand R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recent near-Sun solar-wind observations from Parker Solar Probe have found a highly dynamic magnetic environment, permeated by abrupt radial-field reversals, or “switchbacks.” We show that many features of the observed turbulence are reproduced by a spectrum of Alfvénic fluctuations advected by a radially expanding flow. Starting from simple superpositions of low-amplitude outward-propagating waves, our expanding-box compressible magnetohydrodynamic simulations naturally develop switchbacks because (i) the normalized amplitude of waves grows due to expansion and (ii) fluctuations evolve toward spherical polarization (i.e., nearly constant field strength). These results suggest that switchbacks form in situ in the expanding solar wind and are not indicative of impulsive processes in the chromosphere or corona.
The Megamaser Cosmology Project. XIII. Combined Hubble Constant Constraints
Authors: Pesce D. W. , Braatz J. A. , Reid M. J. , Riess A. G. , Scolnic D. , Condon J. J. , Gao F. , Henkel C. , Impellizzeri C. M. V. , Kuo C. Y. , Lo K. Y. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We present a measurement of the Hubble constant made using geometric distance measurements to megamaser-hosting galaxies. We have applied an improved approach for fitting maser data and obtained better distance estimates for four galaxies previously published by the Megamaser Cosmology Project: UGC 3789, NGC 6264, NGC 6323, and NGC 5765b. Combining these updated distance measurements with those for the maser galaxies CGCG 074-064 and NGC 4258, and assuming a fixed velocity uncertainty of 250 km s−1 associated with peculiar motions, we constrain the Hubble constant to be H
0 = 73.9 ± 3.0 km s−1 Mpc−1 independent of distance ladders and the cosmic microwave background. This best value relies solely on maser-based distance and velocity measurements, and it does not use any peculiar velocity corrections. Different approaches for correcting peculiar velocities do not modify H
0 by more than ±1σ, with the full range of best-fit Hubble constant values spanning 71.8–76.9 km s−1 Mpc−1. We corroborate prior indications that the local value of H
0 exceeds the early-universe value, with a confidence level varying from 95% to 99% for different treatments of the peculiar velocities.
Osteopontin and iCD8α Cells Promote Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Homeostasis
Authors: Nazmi Ali , Greer Michael J. , Hoek Kristen L. , Piazuelo M. Blanca , Weitkamp Joern-Hendrik , Olivares-Villagómez Danyvid 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) comprise a diverse population of cells residing in the epithelium at the interface between the intestinal lumen and the sterile environment of the lamina propria. Because of this anatomical location, IEL are considered critical components of intestinal immune responses. Indeed, IEL are involved in many different immunological processes, ranging from pathogen control to tissue stability. However, despite their critical importance in mucosal immune responses, very little is known about the homeostasis of different IEL subpopulations. The phosphoprotein osteopontin is important for critical physiological processes, including cellular immune responses, such as survival of Th17 cells and homeostasis of NK cells among others. Because of its impact in the immune system, we investigated the role of osteopontin in the homeostasis of IEL. In this study, we report that mice deficient in the expression of osteopontin exhibit reduced numbers of the IEL subpopulations TCRγδ+, TCRβ+CD4+, TCRβ+CD4+CD8α+, and TCRβ+CD8αα+ cells in comparison with wild-type mice. For some IEL subpopulations, the decrease in cell numbers could be attributed to apoptosis and reduced cell division. Moreover, we show in vitro that exogenous osteopontin stimulates the survival of murine IEL subpopulations and unfractionated IEL derived from human intestines, an effect mediated by CD44, a known osteopontin receptor. We also show that iCD8α IEL but not TCRγδ+ IEL, TCRβ+ IEL, or intestinal epithelial cells, can promote survival of different IEL populations via osteopontin, indicating an important role for iCD8α cells in the homeostasis of IEL.
Multiple scalp metastases from pulmonary adenocarcinoma seen on fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography
Authors: Doudouh Abderrahim , Oueriagli Salah Nabih , Sahel Omar Ait , Benameur Yassir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractScalp metastasis from a primary visceral malignancy is an uncommon clinical entity. Here, we report a case of scalp metastases from lung cancer seen on fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography-computed tomography.
Influence of floaters and positional status on players’ tactical, physical, and physiological responses in soccer small-sided games
Authors: Praça Gibson , Barbosa Gustavo Fernandes , Murta Cristiano , Glória Teles Bredt Sarah Da , Barreira Daniel , Chagas Mauro Heleno , Greco Pablo Juan 
Published: February 2020

PurposeSmall-sided games (SS G) with floaters are frequently adopted during the training process of soccer players. However, no study has previously investigated how the rules imposed to these additional players impact the physical, tactical, and physiological responses of the regular players. This study aimed to analyse the influence of the number of floaters on
players’ tactical behaviour, physical demands, and physiological responses in soccer SS Gs and to compare these variables between players with different positional statuses.MethodsOverall, 32 U-13 (<i>n</i> = 16) and U-14 (<i>n</i> = 16) players participated in this study, performing four 4-minute 3 vs. 3 SS Gs in both 1-floater and 2-floater formats. The frequency of core tactical principles, time-motion variables, and heart rate were used to describe the game multifactorial phenomenon.ResultsResults showed an increased number of tactical actions of delays, defensive coverage, and width and length without ball actions in the 2-floater SS G without differences in physical demands or physiological response. Midfielders presented higher frequencies of penetration and offensive coverage, and lower frequencies of actions of width and length
without the ball. There were also higher physical and physiological responses in midfielders.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the 2-floater 3 vs. 3 format may be an important pedagogical strategy to promote a higher ball circulation pattern during SS Gs. Midfielders are the most demanded players tactically, physically, and physiologically in 3 vs. 3 SS Gs with floaters.
Absolute and relative peak power during pneumatic squat exercise using different percentages of loads in elite soccer players
Authors: Maior Alex Souto 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe study compared muscle peak power during pneumatic squat exercise with different percentages of load, corresponding to 80%, 100%, and 120% of body mass (BM), in male professional soccer players.MethodsThe study involved 40 male elite soccer players (25.2 ± 3.6 years; 179.6 ± 6.1 cm; 78.3 ± 5.2 kg; body fat 12.3 ± 3.3%) from a club of the Brazilian first division soccer league participating in national competitions organized by the Brazilian Soccer Confederation. Peak power was assessed by using a pneumatic squat machine (squat power test). The athletes applied different training loads during the squat power test (3 trials with 80% of BM followed by a 5-minute rest to perform attempts with 100% and 120%, respectively).ResultsThe two-way ANOVA yielded main effects for group (F<sub>3,26</sub> = 3.08, <i>p</i> < 0.04) and for timing of measurement F<sub>2,52</sub> = 526.1, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), indicating a significant difference in the absolute peak power of goalkeepers when compared with defenders and midfielders at the loads corresponding to 80%, 100%, and 120% of BM. Intra-group comparison demonstrated a significant increase (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) in the absolute and relative peak power with loads corresponding to 120% of BM when compared with 80% and 100% of BM in all groups (defenders, goalkeepers, midfielders, and forwards).ConclusionsThe results confirm that loads corresponding to 120% of BM during pneumatic squat exercise contribute to greater absolute and relative peak power.
A multi-parameter evaluation of Paralympic swimmers in the training cycle before 2016 Paralympic Games
Authors: Rosa João Paulo Pereira , Silva Andressa , Rodrigues Dayane Ferreira , Menslin Rui , Araújo Leonardo Tomasello , Alves Eduardo Da Silva , Vital Roberto , Mello Marco Tulio De 
Published: February 2020

PurposeParalympic athletes need physical, technical, and psychological training. The study aim was to monitor and compare multi-parameter variables during Paralympic swimmers’ training cycle before Rio 2016 Paralympic Games.MethodsInternal training load, motivation levels, mood states, stress, and recovery were measured at 3 testing times (T1,T2, T3) in 11 Paralympic swimmers. Friedman and Wilcoxon post-hoc tests served to verify differences (<i>p</i> 0.05).ResultsNo significant differences occurred in motivation and mood states; however, the athletes’ mood states followed the ‘iceberg mood profile’. In sources and symptoms of stress, a difference existed in the number of ‘worse than normal’ responses (<i>p</i> = 0.03) in T1>T3 (<i>p</i> = 0.05) and T2>T3 (<i>p</i> = 0.05). Considering the training load, there was a difference in total internal training load (<i>p</i> = 0.02), with T1 showing greater values than T3 (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and T2>T3 (<i>p</i> = 0.02). The questionnaire to measure the recovery-stress status presented significant differences in conflicts/pressure subscales (<i>p</i> = 0.01) in T1>T2 (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and T1>T3 (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and in fatigue (<i>p</i> < 0.01) in T1>T2 (<i>p</i> = 0.05) and T1>T3 (<i>p</i> = 0.01).ConclusionsInternal training load decreased from T1 to T3; lowest stress symptoms were observed in T3 with the lowest internal load, and scales of conflicts/pressure and fatigue were highest in T1. Monitoring multi-parameter data in the training cycle may explain the psychobiological aspects of Paralympic swimmers and provide important information for coaches and athletes to meet the specific demands of impaired athletes.
Effect of interferential current therapy versus cryotherapy on knee pain in osteoporotic postmenopausal women: a single-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abdo Shiymaa M. , Nashed Azza B. , Hasanin Marwa E. , Yassin Reda E.S. 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionPostmenopausal knee pain, due to lack of oestrogen, is an important medical and socioeconomic problem that affects the quality of life. The most important symptom is pain during walking. The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of interferential current therapy vs. cryotherapy on knee pain in postmenopausal women.MethodsOverall, 30 postmenopausal women with knee pain, aged 50–60 years, were assigned randomly into 2 equal groups. Group A received interferential current therapy for 4 weeks, while group B received cryotherapy for 4 weeks. General knee pain severity, knee pain severity during walking, and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed before and after treatment through visual analogue scale, walking pain scale, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively.ResultsStatistical analysis revealed a significant reduction in knee pain severity generally as well as during walking and a significant increase of femoral neck BMD after treatment in both groups (<i>p</i> = 0.0001). When comparing both groups post-treatment, there was a highly significant reduction in knee pain severity generally as well as during walking (<i>p</i> = 0.0001) in favour of group A, while a statistically non-significant difference was observed in the increase in femoral neck BMD between the groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05).ConclusionsInterferential current therapy is more effective than cryotherapy in reducing the severity of knee pain, both generally and during walking, in osteoporotic postmenopausal women.
Attitudes regarding euthanasia among Wroclaw university students surveyed in 2011–2012
Authors: Choińska Anna Maria , Sadowska Ludwika , Bartosik Bożena , Gieysztor Ewa , Polczyk Artur , Filipowski Henryk , Demczyszak Iwona , Mess Eleonora 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionThe research was conducted to measure the views held by students towards euthanasia.MethodsThe opinions were recorded by using a survey with 12 statements and 5-grade Likert scale responses. The research involved 376 students: 168 students of physiotherapy and 103 students of nursing and midwifery from the Wroclaw Medical University, and 105 pedagogy students from the University of Lower Silesia.ResultsMost respondents considered euthanasia (65%) as an act of killing. The majority of students (around 90% from both universities) believed that the subject of death should not be removed from everyday life and that human death differed from that of an animal. Moreover, 63% considered death sacred and related it with hope for eternal life, although women were more willing to take part in hospice work than men.ConclusionsIn Poland, medical and education studies help develop attitudes of life protection from start to finish. The students of nursing and midwifery and of physiotherapy presented greater respect for life than students of education.
Updates in Histologic Grading of Urologic Neoplasms
Authors: Rice-Stitt Travis , Valencia-Guerrero Aida , Cornejo Kristine M. , Wu Chin-Lee 
Published: February 2020

Context.—Tumor histology offers a composite view of the genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, and microenvironmental determinants of tumor biology. As a marker of tumor histology, histologic grading has persisted as a highly relevant factor in risk stratification and management of urologic neoplasms (ie, renal cell carcinoma, prostatic adenocarcinoma, and urothelial carcinoma). Ongoing research and consensus meetings have attempted to improve the accuracy, consistency, and biologic relevance of histologic grading, as well as provide guidance for many challenging scenarios.Objective.—To review the most recent updates to the grading system of urologic neoplasms, including those in the 2016 4th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Bluebook, with emphasis on issues encountered in routine practice.Data Sources.—Peer-reviewed publications and the 4th edition of the WHO Bluebook on the pathology and genetics of the urinary system and male genital organs.Conclusions.—This article summarizes the recently updated grading schemes for renal cell carcinoma, prostate adenocarcinomas, and bladder neoplasms of the genitourinary tract.
Size of company of the longest-held job and mortality in older Japanese adults: A 6-year follow-up study from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study
Authors: Kanamori Satoru , Tsuji Taishi , Takamiya Tomoko , Kikuchi Hiroyuki , Inoue Shigeru , Takagi Daisuke , Kai Yuko , Yamakita Mitsuya , Kameda Yoshito , Kondo Katsunori 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Very few longitudinal studies have investigated the question of whether differences in company size may give rise to health inequalities. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between company size of the longest-held job and mortality in older Japanese adults.

Methods
This study used longitudinal data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Surveys were sent to functionally independent individuals aged 65 or older who were randomly sampled from 13 municipalities in Japan. Respondents were followed for a maximum of 6.6 years. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate mortality hazard ratios (HRs) for men and for women. Analysis was carried out on 35 418 participants (197 514 person-years).

Results
A total of 3935 deaths occurred during the 6-year follow-up period. Among men, in Model 1 that adjusted for age, educational attainment, type of longest-held job, and municipalities, mortality HRs decreased significantly with increasing size of company (P for trend = .002). Compared to companies with 1-9 employees, the mortality HR (0.78, 95% confidence interval: 0.68-0.90) was significantly lower for companies with 10 000 or more employees. However, there were no significant differences among women (P for trend = .41).

Conclusions
In men, mortality in old age may decrease with increasing size of company of the longest-held job. To reduce health inequalities in old age due to differences in size of company, studies should be conducted to determine the underlying mechanisms and moderating factors and those findings should be reflected in labor policies and occupational health systems.
Forensic interviews with preschool children: An analysis of extended interviews in Norway (2015–2017)
Authors: Baugerud Gunn‐Astrid , Johnson Miriam S. , Hansen Helle B. G. , Magnussen Svein , Lamb Michael E. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThis study examined the quality of forensic interviews conducted by specially trained police officers in the Norwegian Barnahus between 2015 and 2017, using the sequential interview (SI) model, a Norwegian version of the extended interview model that has not previously been studied. Two hundred and seven interviews of alleged abused preschool children (3–7 years old) were selected from around the country. Developmental trends in interview dynamics and the pattern of disclosure were analyzed. Analyses showed that the interviews were long but involved few open‐ended and many suggestive questions, especially in interviews with the youngest children who did not disclose. Because similar findings were obtained in previous studies of Norwegian interviews not using this model, the findings suggest that the SI interview model does little to improve the formal quality of forensic interviews with very young children, and show the need to develop new forms of interviewer training which are more intensive than those currently employed.
“The Financial Impact Is Depressing and Anxiety Inducing”: A Qualitative Exploration of the Personal Financial Toll of Arthritis
Authors: Berkovic Danielle , Ayton Darshini , Briggs Andrew M. , Ackerman Ilana N. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThe financial experience faced by working‐age people with arthritis includes living below the poverty line for many. Financial distress among people with arthritis is known to contribute to poorer health outcomes, including high psychological distress and more severe pain. Despite the demonstrated societal cost of arthritis care and management, the personal costs borne by the individual are not well understood. The aim of this study was to explore the perceived financial impacts of living with arthritis among younger adults (defined as those ages 18–50 years).MethodsA qualitative descriptive study design was used. Participants with inflammatory arthritis or osteoarthritis were recruited from the community, including urban and rural settings. An interview schedule was developed, informed by existing literature, which was piloted prior to data collection. Deductive and inductive coding techniques were used to identify financial‐related themes arising from the data.ResultsSemistructured interviews were conducted with 21 adults (90% female) with a mix of arthritis conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and osteoarthritis. Four themes were identified: direct arthritis‐attributable medical costs, indirect arthritis‐attributable costs, insurance and pension costs, and broader financial impacts on the family. Nonsubsidized costs were frequently referenced by participants as burdensome and existed even within the publicly funded Australian health care system.ConclusionAdults with arthritis experience significant arthritis‐attributable financial burden and related distress. Financial concerns should be actively identified and considered within shared clinical decision‐making to provide more patient‐centered care for these individuals.
Enzyme‐Mediated Tumor Starvation and Phototherapy Enhance Mild‐Temperature Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Gao Ge , Jiang Yao‐Wen , Guo Yuxin , Jia Hao‐Ran , Cheng Xiaotong , Deng Yu , Yu Xin‐Wang , Zhu Ya‐Xuan , Guo Hao‐Yue , Sun Wei , Liu Xiaoyang , Zhao Jing , Yang Shihe , Yu Zhi‐Wu , Raya Fatima Maria Sierra , Liang Gaolin , Wu Fu‐Gen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCompared with conventional tumor photothermal therapy (PTT), mild‐temperature PTT brings less damage to normal tissues, but also tumor thermoresistance, introduced by the overexpressed heat shock protein (HSP). A high dose of HSP inhibitor during mild‐temperature PTT might lead to toxic side effects. Glucose oxidase (GOx) consumes glucose, leading to adenosine triphosphate supply restriction and consequent HSP inhibition. Therefore, a combinational use of an HSP inhibitor and GOx not only enhances mild‐temperature PTT but also minimizes the toxicity of the inhibitor. However, a GOx and HSP inhibitor‐encapsulating nanostructure, designed for enhancing its mild‐temperature tumor PTT efficiency, has not been reported. Thermosensitive GOx/indocyanine green/gambogic acid (GA) liposomes (GOIGLs) are reported to enhance the efficiency of mild‐temperature PTT of tumors via synergistic inhibition of tumor HSP by the released GA and GOx, together with another enzyme‐enhanced phototherapy effect. In vitro and in vivo results indicate that this strategy of tumor starvation and phototherapy significantly enhances mild‐temperature tumor PTT efficiency. This strategy could inspire people to design more delicate platforms combining mild‐temperature PTT with other therapeutic methods for more efficient cancer treatment.