bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis in healthcare district IV of Asturias, Spain
Authors: Oliva-Nacarino Pedro , Antuña Marina Simal , Varela Carmen Santos , Echazú Javier Villafani , Domínguez Jessica Fernández , Rodríguez Raquel García , Durán Agustín Oterino , Santos Patricia Suarez , González Miguel Ángel Llaneza 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Studies conducted in recent years point to an increase in its prevalence and a change in the age profile of patients. This study aims to analyse the prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis in healthcare district IV of the region of Asturias, in north-western Spain.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective epidemiological study of the population of said healthcare district with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis according to the 2017 McDonald criteria. We gathered data from the registries and databases of the tertiary hospital in healthcare district IV, and from one private hospital. Relevant demographic and clinical data were gathered from electronic records.
Results
The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the population studied was 198 cases per 100 000 population. The incidence of multiple sclerosis during the study period (2017–2022) was 6.6 cases per 100 000 person-years. On the prevalence date, 66.5% of patients were women and 82.4% presented relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mean age was 33.98 years at symptom onset and 50.84 years on the prevalence date.
Conclusions
Asturias currently presents the highest multiple sclerosis prevalence rate in Spain; the estimated rate represents an increase with respect to those reported in studies conducted in the same region in the 1990s.
Association of Genetic Variants of Hemostasis System Genes With Pregnancy Lose in Women
Authors: Perevezentsev Oleg A. , Mamedov Ilgar S. , Burtsev Dmitry V. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background. Venous thrombosis is etiopathogenetically associated with hereditary and acquired conditions characterized by an excessive tendency of the body to thrombosis in blood vessels. One of the types of disorders in the hemostasis system is gestational thrombophilia, which can lead to various pregnancy complications. Therefore, it is important to understand the etiopathogenesis of this pathological condition, including the contribution of hereditary factors.
Objective. To analyze the association of 8 genetic variants of the hemostasis system genes in women with pregnancy lose (PL).
Design and methods. The study included 311 women aged 20 to 38 years, who have had at least one pregnancy end in miscarriage, and 225 women in the control group. The study of the genotypes of the selected genetic variants was carried out by real-time PCR with melting curve analysis.
Results. A positive association was found for 4 genetic variants: F2: 20210 G>A (OR=11.03, CI: 2.60 – 46.81, P<0.001); F5 1691G>A (OR=6.02, CI: 2.52 – 14.38, P<0.001); FGB: -455 G>A (OR=5.65, CI: 3.05–10.45, P<0.001) and PAI-1 -675 5G>4G (OR=2.28, CI: 1.54-3.39, P<0.001).
Conclusion. Thus, we established an association of 4 genetic variants of plasma hemostatic factor genes with PL in women.
PackDock is a Flexible Protein-Ligand Docking Approach with Diffusion-Based Side Chain Packing
Authors: Zheng Mingyue , Zhang Runze , Jiang Xinyu , cao Duanhua , Wang Zhaokun , Yu Jie , Chen Mingan , Fan Zhehuan , Kong Xiangtai , Xiong Jiacheng , Zhang Zimei , Zhang Wei , Ni Shengkun , Wang Yitian , Liao Minda , Gao Shenghua , Zhang Sulin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Understanding protein structure and dynamics is crucial for basic biology and drug design. Conventional methods often provide static conformations that inadequately capture protein flexibility. We present PackDock, a novel approach combining "conformation selection" and "induced fit" mechanisms to model protein-ligand interactions. PackDock's core, PackPocket, uses a diffusion model to sample diverse binding pocket conformations or predict ligand-induced changes. We validate PackDock through side-chain packing, re-docking, and cross-docking experiments, demonstrating its ability to address protein flexibility challenges. In a real-world application, PackDock identified nanomolar affinity compounds with new scaffolds. Additionally, it revealed key amino acid conformational changes, offering insights into protein-ligand interactions. By accurately predicting complex conformations in various scenarios, PackDock enhances our understanding of protein dynamics and provides new perspectives for both basic biological research and drug discovery efforts.
Assessing the temporal clustering of coastal storm tide hazards under natural variability in a near 500-year model run
Authors: Jenkins Luke J. , Haigh Ivan D. , Kassem Hachem , Pender Douglas , Sansom Jenny , Lamb Rob , Howard Tom 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The temporal clustering of storms can present successive natural hazards for coastal areas in the form of extreme sea levels, storm surges and waves. Studies have investigated the prevalence of the temporal clustering of such hazards but are hindered by the rarity of the phenomena combined with short records and a lack of data availability around the coastline. This has made it difficult to determine if the levels of clustering reported were typical for the location or were being masked by natural variability or climate change over different timescales. In this study, we assess a near 500-year model simulation of extreme sea levels and storm surges forced with pre-industrial meteorological conditions to quantify the levels of temporal clustering seen from natural variability around Great Britain. We then utilise a 50-year rolling window to see how clustering statistics can change through time when dealing with time periods that are representative of the average length of a record in the United Kingdom National Tide Gauge Network. When using near 500-year timeseries, we highlight that many clustering statistics return values close to their statistical expectancies. However, when analysing discrete 50-year windows, results can vary dramatically. The percentage of years with an extreme sea level or surge exceedance at a given location at the 1 in 1-, 5-, and 10-year return level, can vary by up to ~ 33%, ~ 24%, and ~ 18%, the mean number of days between consecutive sea level or surge exceedances can vary by ~ 231, ~14,780, and ~ 17,793 days, and the extremal index can vary by ~ 0.37, ~ 0.64, and ~ 0.79, respectively. Although these results represent the best estimate of the levels of clustering to be expected under natural variability, a comparison of the longest records in the tide gauge network and their nearest model grid nodes shows a tendency for the model to underestimate the clustering statistics that are calculated from the measured data (apart from the extremal index). As such, these can be considered to represent the minimum levels of temporal clustering around Great Britain, as the potential underestimation of clustering, combined with climatic change and sea level rise, means that the temporal clustering of sea levels and storm surges are likely to be far greater over the next 500 years.
Morphological and Chemical Analysis of Indoor Airborne Microplastics: Implications for Human Health in Ahvaz, Iran
Authors: Kaydi Neda , Jorfi Sahand , Takdastan Afshin , Haghighifard Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh , Khafaie Morteza Abdullatif 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aim
Airborne microplastics (AMPs) present significant health risks indoors due to prolonged exposure. This study evaluates AMP concentration, types, and health impacts in residential, office, and commercial settings in Ahvaz, Iran, during winter and summer. The annual inhaled AMP dose was calculated based on typical occupancy patterns.
Methods
AMP particles were collected from 30 locations using active sampling at 5 L/min for 8 hours. Raman spectroscopy identified polymers, and SEM-EDX analysis examined surface morphology and elemental composition. The inhaled dose was estimated using MP concentrations and typical indoor exposure times.
Results
The highest AMP concentrations were in offices during winter (up to 48 MPs/m³), moderate in residential areas, and lowest in commercial settings. Predominant AMPs were spherules (67.2% in winter, 69.3% in summer), with black/gray particles being most common. Smaller particles (< 250 µm) were more frequent in summer. The estimated annual inhaled AMP dose was 2,952 MPs/kg/year, mainly from residential, followed by offices and commercial spaces.
Conclusions
Results underscore the need for policies to reduce indoor AMP pollution, improve ventilation, and manage exposure risks, especially in high-occupancy areas like offices. Future research should focus on advanced chemical analyses and size-specific dose assessments to better evaluate health risks from inhaled microplastics.
In vitro evaluation of ethanolic Ficus carica leaves extract against Schistosoma mansoni worms as a treatment strategy high dose: Worm’s ultrastructural analysis (SEM) during 24hr of incubation
Authors: El-Shabasy Eman A. , Sahib Ahmed H. , Reda Enayat S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to ascertain Ficus carica's schistosomicidal activity. From 25 to 800 µg/ml of extract were used, at various concentrations. Eight worms were cultured for 24 hours at each concentration in comparison to positive control; praziquantel (PZQ) was used. The efficacy of motility and ultrastructural alterations of adult Schistosoma mansoni worms after treatment for 24hr is assessed along with the mortality rate in vitro. With increasing extract concentrations, movement noticeably decreased; from normal to slow movement, the body appeared stretched before coiling around itself with extremely weak movement. With higher concentrations, the mortality rate rose markedly. Concentration of 400 µg/ml arrived to PZQ effect. Apoptosis plays a significant role in the stress damage response and other biological processes. It is essential for many organisms to maintain a balance between the proliferation of cells and the remodeling of tissues. Apoptosis of worms was cultured at each extract concentration and evaluated by flow cytometry using the Annexin V assay. Additionally, caspase-3 demonstrated distinct alterations at each of the Ficus carica leaves extract concentrations.
Correlation between P53 and some Interleukins and study the role of P53 gene in Breast Cancers
Authors:   Mayada Al-khafaji1, Monaam Zaedoon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The p53 gene, which is also referred to as a tumor suppressor and the custodian of the genome, is essential for preserving genomic stability in the nucleus of every cell. This research aimed to study the correlation between Interleukins and F53 and investigates the potential link between p53 and the development of cancerous lesions, with a particular focus on breast cancer. Sixty samples were collected, comprising. Forty breast cancer specimens and twenty control samples from healthy individuals. The breast cancer samples were obtained from patients at Medical City Hospital, Baghdad. Healthy control samples were collected from volunteer students at the Gilgamesh University. This study employed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to specifically assess the expression levels of the p53 gene, and ELISA to determine the levels of (IL-2,IL-8 and P53 titer). The analysis revealed that IL-2 and IL-8 showed increase (10.6 ± 3.2 pg/ml, 25.7 ± 4.5pg/ml) in breast cancer patients compared with control (2.8 ± 1.9pg/ml, 8.3 ± 1.0 pg/ml), while P53 showed decrease in patients (129.7 ± 55.9 pg/ml) compared with control. Eleven of the 15 breast cancer samples used for RT-PCR exhibited significantly lower p53 expression. These findings suggest a potential correlation between downregulation of p53 expression and breast cancer development. The results showed a significant difference in p53 expression between controls and patients (P > 0.05).
Desaturase-dependent secretory functions of hepatocyte-like cells control systemic lipid metabolism during starvation in Drosophila
Authors: Li Jiayi , Huang Kerui , Dibra Indira , Liu Ying , Perrimon Norbert , Simons Matias 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Similar to the mammalian hepatocytes, Drosophila oenocytes accumulate fat during fasting, but it is unclear how they communicate with the fat body, the major lipid source. Using a modified protocol for prolonged starvation, we show that knockdown (KD) of the sole delta 9 desaturase, Desat1 (SCD in mammals), specifically in oenocytes leads to more saturated lipids in the hemolymph and reduced triacylglycerol (TAG) storage in the fat body. Additionally, oenocytes with Desat1 KD exhibited an accumulation of lipoproteins and actin filaments at the cortex, which decreased lipoproteins in the hemolymph. We further show that ImpL2 (IGFBP7 in mammals) is secreted from oenocytes during starvation in a Desat1-dependent manner. Flies with oenocyte-specific KD and overexpression of ImpL2 exhibited higher and lower sensitivity to starvation as well as lower and higher levels of TAG, respectively. Intriguingly, the depolymerization of cortical actin in the oenocytes decreased lipoprotein sequestration and alleviated the secretion defect of Impl2 in Desat1 KD cells, leading to rescued TAG levels and starvation sensitivity. Overall, this study highlights the central role of oenocytes in systemic lipid metabolism in Drosophila as well as the importance of Desat1 in maintaining the proper functioning of oenocytes during periods of starvation.
Impact of p53 Mutational Status and Smoking in Progression-Free Survival in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yıldız Oğuzhan , Gürbüz Ali Fuat , Eryılmaz Melek Karakurt , Araz Murat , Yıldırım Mahmut Selman , Bozcuk Hakan Şat , Artaç Mehmet 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: The impact of p53 mutation and smoking on the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients is a topic that continues to be the subject of debate within the scientific community. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of various factors, particularly p53 mutation and smoking, on treatment response.
Material and methods: All patients diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) at an academic center within a specified time interval were included in this study. The potential impact of various factors, particularly p53 and smoking status, on the efficacy of first-line chemotherapy was assessed.. Common clinical features, including p53 status, smoking, metastasis status at diagnosis, MMR, and RAS status, were tested for correlation with outcomes. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were employed to analyze progression-free survival (PFS) associations.
Results: A total of 101 newly diagnosed metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients initiating first-line chemotherapy were included in the study. The median age was 62 years, and 69% of the patients were male. Progression-free survival (PFS) analysis indicated that cumulative smoking (pack-years) and p53 mutation status were associated with treatment outcomes. The overall median PFS (mPFS) was 11.6 months; it was 17.6 months in smokers and 10.7 months in non-smokers.The mPFS was 16.6 months in the p53 mutant group and 10 months in the wild-type group.
Discussion: A significant correlation was identified between p53 mutation status and smoking, as well as treatment response, in colorectal cancer patients. Patients with a p53 mutation and a history of smoking exhibited prolonged mPFS.
Cardioprotective Efficacy of Quercetin against Cardiotoxicity Induced by Different Diameters of Sphere Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs)
Authors: Ghonimi Wael A. M. , Abdelrahman Foll alnada A. F. , Alharbi Fawiziah Khalaf , Alsunbul Maha , Al-Salmi Fawziah A. , Abdelrahaman Doaa , Fayad Eman , El sayed Shafika A. 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have garnered significant attention in the
biomedicine field due to their exceptional electrical, mechanical, chemical, and optical characteristics.
The interaction of these remarkable potentials with biological tissues carries a risk of
toxicity. Quercetin (Qur) is a natural flavonoid and exhibits numerous pharmacological impacts,
especially anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant.

Objective:
This investigation aimed to clarify the potential cardiotoxicity induced by different
diameters of spherical GNPs as well as to evaluate the possible cardioprotective roles of Qur
against the most toxic diameter of GNPs.

Methods:
Rats were randomly grouped and treated with or without sphere GNPs (10, 20 and 50
nm) and Qur (200 mg/kg b.wt.). Heart and blood samples were collected and subjected to histological,
immunohistochemical and biochemical investigations.

Results:
When compared to the groups treated with 20 and 50 nm, the 10 nm GNPs dramatically
increased the levels of cardiac biomarkers, including Troponin I, Creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB
(CK-MB), CK-Total, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Histopathologically, 10 nm GNPs exhibited
severe cardiomyocytes degenerations, atrophy, disorganization of myocardial fibers, focal hemorrhage,
congested blood vessels and interstitial inflammatory cells infiltrations. Immunohistochemically,
10 nm GNPs exhibited strongly positive expressions against anti-caspase-3 antibody
confirming extensive apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. However, the majority of these pathological
changes were significantly improved upon Qur treatment.

Conclusion:
The size of GNPs is crucial to their toxicological impact on cardiac tissues where
10 nm GNPs can induce severe histological damage, potent cytotoxicity, and apoptosis rather
than larger particles. Otherwise, pre-co-treatment with Qur revealed a significant cardioprotective
effect against GNPs cardiotoxicity.
Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease-related Mortality in Chronic Inflammatory Disease in the United States from 1999 to 2020
Authors: Olson April , Pham Hoang Nhat , Ibrahim Ramzi , Salih Mohammed , Singh Amitoj , Mamas Mamas A. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a marker of significant atherosclerotic
cardiovascular disease and is associated with greater healthcare burden and worse prognosis
in individuals with chronic inflammatory disease (CID). We aimed to investigate temporal
trends and disparities of PAD-related mortality in populations with CID from 1999-2020 across
six common CIDs (i.e., chronic viral hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus, inflammatory
bowel disease, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus).

Methods:
United States (US) PAD and CID-related mortality and demographic data from 1999-
2020 were extracted from the CDC database through the multiple-cause-of-death files. Ageadjusted
mortality rates (AAMR) per 1,000,000 and 95% confidence intervals were standardized
to the 2000 US population. The mortality trends were analyzed using Joinpoint Regression.

Results:
A total of 22,175 PAD-related deaths were recorded in the population with CID between
1999 and 2020. Mortality remained stable during the 22-year period (AAPC -0.04%,
p=0.95) with a cumulative AAMR of 4.64. Mortality was highest in rural counties (AAMR
5.27), and among non-Hispanic Black populations (AAMR 7.06). Among the CID subtypes,
PAD mortality was highest in populations with RA (AAMR 2.48) and lowest in populations
with psoriasis (AAMR 0.11).

Conclusion:
Our findings highlight the disparities of PAD mortality in patients with CID, with the
Black population and rural communities disproportionately affected. Further investigation with individual-
level data is warranted to identify the contributing factors for the observed disparities.
Value of the Stretched Exponential and Fractional-order Model in Differentiating Hepatocellular from Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Xie Jinhuan , Li Chenhui , Chen Qianjuan , Chen Yidi , Zhang Huiting , Long Liling 
Published: December 2024

Background:
It remains unknown whether the parameters obtained using the Stretched Exponential Model (SEM) and Fractional Order Calculus (FROC) models
can help distinguish Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) from Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the application value of the parameters of the 3.0T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) high-order SEM and FROC
diffusion model in differentiating HCC and ICC.

Methods:
Patients with pathologically confirmed HCC and ICC were prospectively enrolled. Diffusion-weighted imaging scans with multiple b-values were
acquired 2 weeks before the surgery. The original MRI images were fitted using the mono-exponential model, SEM, and FROC, and several
parameters were obtained for the analysis.

Results:
In total, 74 patients with HCC and 21 with ICC were included in the study. Significant differences between the HCC and ICC groups were noted in
the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC: p = 0.007), Distributed Diffusion Coefficient (DDC: p < 0.001), and Diffusion coefficient (D: p <
0.001), as each value was significantly lower in the HCC than in the ICC group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of ADC,
DDC, and D was 0.694, 0.812, and 0.825, respectively, and the most effective corresponding cut-off values were 1.135 μm2/ms, 1.477 μm2/ms, and
1.104 μm2/ms, respectively.

Conclusion:
The diffusion parameters DDC from the SEM and D from the FROC model have been found to be more effective in discriminating HCC and ICC
than the ADC from the mono-exponential model. Combining these quantitative parameters can improve the MRI’s diagnostic accuracy, providing
useful information for the preoperative differential diagnosis between HCC and ICC.

conclusion:
The diffusion parameters DDC, from the SEM, and D, from the FROC model, are more effective in discriminating HCC and ICC than the ADC from the mono-exponential model. Combining these quantitative parameters can improve the MRI’s diagnostic accuracy, providing useful information for the preoperative differential diagnosis between HCC and ICC.

other:
Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, stretched-exponential model, fractional order calculus model, differential diagnosis, prospective study
Emerging Trends in Transdermal Drug Delivery: Nanoparticle Formulations and Technologies for Enhanced Skin Penetration and Drug Efficiency
Authors: Dudhat Kiran 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have emerged as a popular non-invasive approach
for treating skin-related disorders, offering quick and reliable drug delivery into the skin,
thereby accelerating therapeutic efficacy. In India, there is a growing interest in TDDS due to its
perceived safety and effectiveness. Researchers are actively developing new formulations and
technologies to enhance drug delivery efficiency and reduce side effects. Recent trends indicate a
focus on overcoming challenges such as low permeability and stability issues through innovative
nanoparticle-based delivery systems. Nanotechnology has revolutionized transdermal drug delivery
by offering precise control over nanoparticle properties, enabling enhanced skin permeation
and targeted delivery. Various nanoparticle formulations, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes,
nanotubes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions, have shown promise in improving
drug solubility, bioavailability, and sustained release. Additionally, microneedles have
emerged as a successful transdermal delivery method, offering advantages over traditional creams
and patches. Metallic nanocarriers and nanoemulsions are also being explored for their potential
in targeted drug delivery and enhanced skin penetration. Despite these advancements, challenges
such as toxicity and biocompatibility need to be addressed for widespread clinical translation.
Overall, the growing interest in transdermal drug delivery systems in India reflects the potential
for improved therapeutic outcomes and patient convenience through innovative nanoparticle-
based formulations and technologies.