bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network Architecture of Gap Junctional Coupling among Parallel Processing Channels in the Mammalian Retina
Authors: Sigulinsky Crystal L. , Anderson James R. , Kerzner Ethan , Rapp Christopher N. , Pfeiffer Rebecca L. , Rodman Taryn M. , Emrich Daniel P. , Rapp Kevin D. , Nelson Noah T. , Lauritzen J. Scott , Meyer Miriah , Marc Robert E. , Jones Bryan W. 
Published: April 2020

Gap junctions are ubiquitous throughout the nervous system, mediating critical signal transmission and integration, as well as emergent network properties. In mammalian retina, gap junctions within the Aii amacrine cell-ON cone bipolar cell (CBC) network are essential for night vision, modulation of day vision, and contribute to visual impairment in retinal degenerations, yet neither the extended network topology nor its conservation is well established. Here, we map the network contribution of gap junctions using a high-resolution connectomics dataset of an adult female rabbit retina. Gap junctions are prominent synaptic components of ON CBC classes, constituting 5%–25% of all axonal synaptic contacts. Many of these mediate canonical transfer of rod signals from Aii cells to ON CBCs for night vision, and we find that the uneven distribution of Aii signals to ON CBCs is conserved in rabbit, including one class entirely lacking direct Aii coupling. However, the majority of gap junctions formed by ON CBCs unexpectedly occur between ON CBCs, rather than with Aii cells. Such coupling is extensive, creating an interconnected network with numerous lateral paths both within, and particularly across, these parallel processing streams. Coupling patterns are precise with ON CBCs accepting and rejecting unique combinations of partnerships according to robust rulesets. Coupling specificity extends to both size and spatial topologies, thereby rivaling the synaptic specificity of chemical synapses. These ON CBC coupling motifs dramatically extend the coupled Aii-ON CBC network, with implications for signal flow in both scotopic and photopic retinal networks during visual processing and disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTElectrical synapses mediated by gap junctions are fundamental components of neural networks. In retina, coupling within the Aii-ON CBC network shapes visual processing in both the scotopic and photopic networks. In retinal degenerations, these same gap junctions mediate oscillatory activity that contributes to visual impairment. Here, we use high-resolution connectomics strategies to identify gap junctions and cellular partnerships. We describe novel, pervasive motifs both within and across classes of ON CBCs that dramatically extend the Aii-ON CBC network. These motifs are highly specific with implications for both signal processing within the retina and therapeutic interventions for blinding conditions. These findings highlight the underappreciated contribution of coupling motifs in retinal circuitry and the necessity of their detection in connectomics studies.
Endogenous metabolites promote stress resistance through induction of mitohormesis
Authors: Fischer Fabian , Ristow Michael 
Published: April 2020

Interventions and small molecules, which promote formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), have repeatedly been shown to increase stress resistance and lifespan of different model organisms. These phenotypes occur only in response to low concentrations of ROS, while higher concentrations exert opposing effects. This non‐linear or hormetic dose–response relationship has been termed mitohormesis, since ROS are mainly generated within the mitochondrial compartment. A report by Matsumura et al in this issue of EMBO Reports now demonstrates that an endogenously formed metabolite, namely N‐acetyl‐L‐tyrosine (NAT), is instrumental in promoting cellular and organismal resilience by inducing mitohormetic mechanisms, likely in an evolutionarily conserved manner [1].
<i>Giolitti. Il censo dello Stato</i> de Aldo A. Mola
Authors: Morales Ruiz Juan José 
Published: April 2020

Reseña de Giolitti. Il censo dello Stato de Aldo A. Mola, Santaarcangelo di Romagna (RN): Rusconi Libri S.p. A., 2019, 607 páginas. ISBN: 978-88-18-03335-9.
Emotional and Cognitive Responses to Academic Performance and Grade Anxiety
Authors: Marcus Mackenzie , Tomasi David 
Published: April 2020

Background: This observational study of 75 participants presents an examination of the connection between cognitive and mood changes in connection to academic performance, grade anxiety, test anxiety, stress, and communication apprehension.
Objectives: This study examines the underlying mechanisms vs. driving forces behind the concept of ‘grade obsession’, as well as the internal and external factors affecting academic grades. Furthermore, the study analyzes the potential detrimental effects of grade obsession in psychological terms, specifically on self-esteem and overall mental health.
Method: Monitoring self-reported evaluation of received grades, perceived academic performance, and psycho-social components of academic effort and external vs. internal locus of control.
Results: The study indicates that test anxiety increased over the semester, although many students reported lower stress or anxiety in an open-ended survey question. Mathematics Anxiety (MA) and Test anxiety (TA) were positively correlated with the number of voluntary reassessments students attempted, while communication apprehension was negatively correlated.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that standards-based grading is an assessment framework that can provide alternate methods for some students to demonstrate content mastery. While this study was conducted in mathematics courses, the findings on test anxiety are likely to extend to other disciplines.
Difficulties in the management of Klatskin Tumor: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Arifin Fransiscus 
Published: April 2020

Background:Â Tumours of the biliary tract are rare, and difficult to recognize in early stages. Due to its late presentation and the location of the tumour, a definite diagnosis is not always possible pre operatively. Therefore, some guidelines maintained that diagnosing these tumours may be made intraoperatively or post operatively , when tissue samples are available. We report a patient with jaundice and subsequently diagnosed as Klatskin tumour.Case Description : A 54 years old women came to our surgical clinic with the chief complaint of jaundice for 2 months. MRCP showed mass on the confluent of bile duct, infiltrating both right and left hepatic duct, with no evidence of metastasis or infiltration of portal vein. CEA and CA 19-9 were within normal limits. We found the tumor is clinically did not extend to the bile duct serosa, performed choledocotomy and biopsy of the tumor, requesting frozen section pathology evaluation. The result showed no malignancy. However due to the tumor showed clinical signs of malignancy and caused bile obstruction ,we decided to performed oncological resection of all involved bile ducts and dissection of lymphnodes, and bilateral hepaticojejunostomy bypass Roux en Y. The postoperative pathological evaluation showed an adenocarcinoma.Conclusion : Difficulties in diagnosing common bile duct malignancy lies in nonspecific clinical symptoms (abdominal discomfort, jaundice, weight loss) and obtaining pathological specimens. The later is due to difficult access to the tumor, while risking injury to adjacent organs. Tumor markers (Ca 19-9 and CEA) are not very sensitive or specific for bile duct malignancy (ranging from 60 to 80%). PositiveÂ results of endoscopic cytology or biopsy range form 30-80%, and are not widely available in our settings. In our cases, when the general patient condition is good, laparotomy, intraoperative biopsy and subsequent resection if possible and neccessary is a possible approach in the management of possible bile duct malignancy. For clinical and radiological highly suspicious Klatskin tumor, exploratory laparotomy, intraoperative biopsy and intraoperative decision based on the findings may be justified. Surgeon must be prepared to perform all necessary procedure before attempting to do laparotomy.
Hubungan insomnia dengan depresi pada lanjut usia di Sesetan Kecamatan Denpasar Selatan Tahun 2017
Authors: Yasoda Gera Luh Putu Mettary , Wahyuni Anak Ayu Sri , Ardani IGA Indah 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Insomnia is difficulty falling or maintaining sleep that often experienced by general population. Insomnia mostly experienced by elderly woman, people with low education and low economy and in people Â who Â have Â chronic Â disease. Â Insomnia Â isÂ risk Â factor Â from Â psychiatric Â disorder Â especially depression. Insomnia increase the risk in depression development. Depression is disorder on personal, interpersonalÂ and social that affecting general population. The purpose of this study is to know the relationship between insomnia and depression in elderly.Method: The type of this study is analytical observational (Cross-sectional)Â study with amount of sample 32 respondents that conducted in Banjar Gaduh and Banjar Tengah in Sesetan, South Denpasar District in elderly in 2017. This study is using the primary data obtained through questionnaire and interview (GDS and ISI) and analyzed through SPSS 21.0.Result: This study found that from 32 respondents experienced insomnia (50%), not experienced InsomniaÂ Â (50%), Â experiencedÂ Â depressionÂ Â (28.1%) Â and Â no Â experienceÂ Â depressionÂ Â (71.9%) Â and relationship insomnia with depression on eldery obtained value p < 0.05 . The R-square value indicates value of 0.673 which means that role variable independent in explain variable dependent only of 67.3%, could be concluded that still there are 24.6% other variables outside the research variables that affect insomnia.Conclusion: There were a significant relationships between depression and insomnia.
Karakteristik anemia pada lansia di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar pada bulan Januari-Juni 2017
Authors: Zahra Alvi Laili , Putrawan Ida Bagus Putu , Dharmayuda Tjokorda Gde 
Published: April 2020

Background: Anemia is a symptom depending on the decrease of hemoglobin levels, the number of erythrocytes, and the volume of erythrocytes. The symptoms of anemia commonly occur in the elderly. In general, the common causes that often complained in the elderly are less efficient in absorbing some of the nutrients, decreased appetite due to illness, difficulty swallowing due to reducing of saliva, slow feeding, reduced teeth, and nausea. Anemia in the elderly should not be considered as an unavoidable consequence of aging. Treatment of this problem should start as early as possible.Aim: This study aims to determine the characteristics of anemia in the elderly in RSUP Sanglah from January to June 2017.Method: This research is a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Data obtained in the form of secondary data patient record period JanuaryÂ - June 2017. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010.Result: Of the 102 patients, the average age was 69.3 Â± 7.1 years with the highest proportion of patients aged 60-70 years old is 56 people (54.9%). The proportion of male is 71 people (69,6%). Of the total samples, there were 75 patients anemia patientsÂ (73.5%) and 27 patients without anemia (26.5%). The highest proportion of anemia depend on their stages are 51 patients of mild anemia (68%). 47 patients (62.7%) were normochromic and normocitary anemia. The highest proportion is anemia with kidney disease (38,7%).
The characteristic of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia before and after phototherapy at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali in 2017
Authors: Sandhi Parwata Wayan Sulaksmana , Putra Putu Junara , Kardana Made , Artana Wayan Dharma , Sukmawati Made 
Published: April 2020

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is the most clinical problem in newborn babies.Â Hyperbilirubinemia occurs 60% in aterm babies and 80% in premature babies. This study aims to know the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia, characteristics of hyperbilirubinemia and effect of phototherapies to bilirubin levels.Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted using medical records among 94 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia who treated with phototherapies at Sanglah hospital during 2017. Data regarding gender, gestational weeks, type of delivery, size for gestational age, the onset of hyperbilirubinemia, etiology, birth weight, maternal gravid status, and bilirubin levels were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software descriptively.Results: From 94 neonatal hyperbilirubinemia that meet the inclusion criteria, 51 (54.3%) Â males and 43 (45.7%) females based on gender. Mean gestational ages were 36.35Â±2.921 weeks. The major etiology of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were breastfeeding jaundice 33 (25.8%), Prematurity 23 (18.7%), ABO incompatibility 13 (10.6%), Breast milk jaundice 11 (8.9%), gastrointestinal malformation 6 (4.9%), G6PD deficiency 5 (4.1%), and sepsis 3 (2.4%). The mean total bilirubin prior to phototherapy was 15.6Â±4.11 mg/dL whereas the indirect bilirubin was 14.56Â± 3.55 mg/dL. The duration of phototherapy in this study was 2.8Â±0.65 days.Conclusions: The incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia during 2017 at Sanglah Hospital were predominantly caused by breastfeeding jaundice, prematurity, and ABO incompatibility. There were decreased bilirubin levels following phototherapies.
Profile of maxillofacial injuries in Departement of Emergency Trauma and Acute Care Surgery in Sanglah General Hospital from January 2012 to November 2018
Authors: Wiradana Anak Agung Gde Agung Anom Arie , Wiargitha Ketut 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Maxillofacial injuries are common cause of trauma in emergency department. The goals in the treatment of maxillofacial injury are to restore premorbid occlusion. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and outcome of the maxillofacial injuries patient in Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar Bali.Methods Retrospective study was held in Sanglah General Hospital from January 2012 to November 2018. The samples consisted of 241 patients. Age, gender, type of the fractures and surgical management were evaluated.Results Maxillofacial injuries mostly occurred in male, aged 18-40 years old, the mandible was most frequently involved facial bone. Â Internal fixation was the golden standard of the treatment chosen (83.73%) followed by Arch bar (16.27%).Conclusion Road traffic accidents are the main reason for maxillofacial injury in Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar Bali. Precise diagnosis and proper treatment result in optimal occlusion and integrity nervous system, both internal fixation and arch bar were given good outcome.
Hubungan ASI eksklusif terhadap terjadinya diare akut di Puskesmas III Denpasar Utara periode 2018
Authors: Adikarya I Putu Gede Danika , Nesa Ni Nyoman Metriani , Sukmawati Made 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Diarrhea is still a public health problem in developing countries, including Indonesia, because of its high morbidity and mortality. Breast milk is one of the important factors to reduce mortality and morbidity due to diarrhea. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of exclusive breastfeeding to the occurrence of acute diarrhea. This research is analytic research with cross sectional method.Method: The study was carried out in Community Health Centre III Subdistrict of North Denpasar from October to November 2018. The research subjects were taken by consecutive sampling. Data analysis used the prevalence ratio calculation and chi square test to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of diarrhea.Result: In this study the results of acute diarrhea patients in the exclusive breastfeeding group were 17 children and non-exclusive breastfeeding as many as 31 children. Subjects who did not experience acute diarrhea in the excluded breastfeeding group were 28 children and in the non-exclusive breastfeeding group as many as 14 children. The results of statistical analysis showed the value of p=0.003 (p<0.05)Â PR=0.514 CI 95% (0.115-0.656).Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding has a significant relationship with the incidence of acute diarrhea and is a protective factor for the incidence of diarrhea.
Pemeriksaan widal untuk mendiagnosis Salmonella typhi di Puskesmas Denpasar Timur 1
Authors: Cerqueira Melania Antonia Barreto , Mahartini Ni Nyoman , Yasa I Wayan Putu Sutirta 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Typhoid fever is an acute systemic infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi which is still widely found in various developing countries, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Widal test is an agglutination reaction between antigen and S. typhi O titer antibodies> 1/160 and S. typhi H titer >1/160, Aglutinin that is specific to Salmonella typhi in the serum of patients with typhoid fever.Methods: This research was descriptive observational cross sectional. The population of the study was patients from the East Denpasar Health Center 1 who presented with clinical symptoms that supported.Result: There were 10 sample (30%) aged 0-10 years, 12 sample (36%) people aged 11-20 years, 7 sample (21%) aged 21-30 years, and 4 sample (12%) people aged >30 year. Samples with clinical symptoms of fever> 37 Â° C with digestive disorders (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain) with or without impaired consciousness were 18 samples (55%). Samples with clinical symptoms of fever> 37 Â° C with digestive tract disorders were 11 samples (33%). Samples with fever> 37 Â° C were 4 samples (12%)Conclusion: There were 3% of positive widal test and 97% of negative widal test in the East Denpasar Health Center 1.Latar Belakang: Demam tifoid merupakan suatu penyakit infeksi akut sistemik yang disebabkan oleh Salmonella typhi yang masih dijumpai secara luas di berbagai negara berkembang terutama di daerah tropis dan subtropics. Uji Widal adalah suatu reaksi aglutinasi antara antigen dan antibody S. typhi O titer > 1/160 dan S. typhi H titer >1/160, Aglutinin yang spesifikÂ terhadapÂ SalmonellaÂ typhi Â terhadap dalam serum penderita demamÂ tifoid.Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional cross sectional deskriptif Populasi Penelitian adalah pasien dari Puskesmas Denpasar Timur 1 datang dengan gejala klinis yang mendukung.Hasil: Rentang usia dari 33 pasien subjek penelitian, terdapat 10 sampel(30%) berusia 0 â€“ 10 tahun, 12 sampelÂ (36 %) sampel berusia 11 â€“ 20 tahun, 7 sampel (21%) berusia 21-30 tahun, Â dan 4 sampelÂ (12 %) sampel berusia > 30 tahun. Sampel dengan gejala klinis demam > 37 Â°C dengan gangguan pencernaan (mual, muntah, nyeri perut) dengan atau tanpa gangguan kesadaran sebanyak 18 sampel (55%). Sampel dengan gejala klinis demam > 37Â°C dengan gangguan saluran pencernaan sebanyak 11 sampel (33%). Sampel dengan demam >37Â°C sebanyak 4 sampel (12%)Simpulan: Terdapat 3% sampel dengan widal positif dan 97% sampel dengan widal negatif di Puskesmas Denpasar Timur 1.
The Relationship Between Imaging and Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Survival
Authors: Haymart Megan R. , Reyes-Gastelum David , Caoili Elaine , Norton Edward C. , Banerjee Mousumi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Controversy exists over whether there has been a true increase in the occurrence of thyroid cancer or overdiagnosis secondary to imaging practices. Because cancer overdiagnosis is associated with detection of indolent disease, overdiagnosis can be associated with perceived improvement in survival.

Materials and Methods
Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked database was used to determine the relationship between type of imaging leading to thyroid cancer diagnosis and survival. Disease-specific and overall survival were evaluated in 11,945 patients aged ≥66 years with differentiated thyroid cancer diagnosed between January 1, 2001, and September 30, 2015, who prior to their cancer diagnosis initially underwent thyroid ultrasound versus other imaging capturing the neck. Analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model with propensity score.

Results
Patients who underwent thyroid ultrasound as compared with other imaging had improved disease-specific and overall survival (p &lt; .001, p &lt; .001). However, those who underwent thyroid ultrasound were less likely to have comorbidities (p &lt; .001) and more likely to be younger (p &lt; .001), be female (p &lt; .001), have localized cancer (p &lt; .001), and have tumor size ≤1 cm (p &lt; .001). After using propensity score analysis and adjusting for tumor characteristics, type of initial imaging still correlated with better overall survival but no longer correlated with better disease-specific survival.

Conclusion
There is improved disease-specific survival in patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer after thyroid ultrasound as compared with after other imaging. However, better disease-specific survival is related to these patients being younger and healthier and having lower-risk cancer, suggesting that thyroid ultrasound screening contributes to cancer overdiagnosis.

Implications for Practice
The findings from this study have implications for patients, physicians, and policy makers. Patients who have thyroid ultrasound as their initial imaging are fundamentally different from those who are diagnosed after other imaging. Because patients undergoing ultrasound are younger and healthier and are diagnosed with lower-risk thyroid cancer, they are less likely to die of their thyroid cancer. However, being diagnosed with thyroid cancer can lead to cancer-related worry and create risks for harm from treatments. Thus, efforts are needed to reduce inappropriate use of ultrasound, abide by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations, and apply nodule risk stratification tools when appropriate.
A prospective study to compare the efficacy of vilazodone and escitalopram tablets in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed major depressive disorder
Authors: Adiyodi Arjun , Singh C. V. , Mishra A. K. , Dixit Alok , Singh Virendra 
Published: April 2020

Background: With the availability of large number of anti-depressant drugs, a thorough knowledge of comparative efficacy of the commonly used antidepressants is necessary to prescribe best drug molecule to the patient. This improves the compliance and therapeutic outcome. The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of vilazodone and escitalopram in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed major depressive disorder in a prospective study.Methods: 200 patients attending the psychiatry out-patient department diagnosed with major depressive disorder were assessed and enrolled into vilazodone 40 mg and escitalopram 20 mg treatment groups. Hamilton depression rating scale score (HDRS) was used to assess the severity of depression disorder at regular intervals.Results: Maximum cases were in the 21-30 age group and minimum cases in above 60 years age group. Males contributed maximum to number of depression cases with respect to females in both the treatment groups. Both escitalopram and vilazodone therapy group showed onset of improvement at the end of 1st week. The efficacy of both treatment arms in reducing HDRS is comparable till 2nd week of treatment, but at 6th month vilazodone was more efficacious than escitalopram therapy. Conclusions: Escitalopram tablet given once/twice daily is significantly effective in reducing HDRS score as early as 2nd week. At 6th month vilazodone tablet was more efficacious than escitalopram therapy. Vilazodone is safe with fewer adverse effects as compared to escitalopram.