bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological and molecular characterisation of ‘multiple‐classifier’ endometrial carcinomas
Authors: León‐Castillo Alicia , Gilvazquez Ester , Nout Remi , Smit Vincent THBM , McAlpine Jessica N , McConechy Melissa , Kommoss Stefan , Brucker Sara Y , Carlson Joseph W , Epstein Elisabeth , Rau Tilman T , Soslow Robert A , Ganesan Raji , Matias‐Guiu Xavier , Oliva Esther , Harrison Beth T , Church David N , Gilks C Blake , Bosse Tjalling 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEndometrial carcinoma (EC) molecular classification based on four molecular subclasses identified in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has gained relevance in recent years due to its prognostic utility and potential to predict benefit from adjuvant treatment. While most ECs can be classified based on a single classifier (POLE exonuclease domain mutations – POLEmut, MMR deficiency – MMRd, p53 abnormal – p53abn), a small but clinically relevant group of tumours harbour more than one molecular classifying feature and are referred to as ‘multiple‐classifier’ ECs. We aimed to describe the clinicopathological and molecular features of multiple‐classifier ECs with abnormal p53 (p53abn). Within a cohort of 3518 molecularly profiled ECs, 107 (3%) tumours displayed p53abn in addition to another classifier(s), including 64 with MMRd (MMRd–p53abn), 31 with POLEmut (POLEmut–p53abn), and 12 with all three aberrations (MMRd–POLEmut–p53abn). MMRd–p53abn ECs and POLEmut–p53abn ECs were mostly grade 3 endometrioid ECs, early stage, and frequently showed morphological features characteristic of MMRd or POLEmut ECs. 18/28 (60%) MMRd–p53abn ECs and 7/15 (46.7%) POLEmut–p53abn ECs showed subclonal p53 overexpression, suggesting that TP53 mutation was a secondary event acquired during tumour progression. Hierarchical clustering of TCGA ECs by single nucleotide variant (SNV) type and somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) revealed that MMRd–p53abn tumours mostly clustered with single‐classifier MMRd tumours (20/23) rather than single‐classifier p53abn tumours (3/23), while POLEmut–p53abn tumours mostly clustered with single‐classifier POLEmut tumours (12/13) and seldom with single‐classifier p53abn tumours (1/13) (both p ≤ 0.001, chi‐squared test). Finally, the clinical outcome of patients with MMRd–p53abn and POLEmut–p53abn ECs [stage I 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) of 92.2% and 94.1%, respectively] was significantly different from single‐classifier p53abn EC (stage I RFS 70.8%, p = 0.024 and p = 0.050, respectively). Our results support the classification of MMRd–p53abn EC as MMRd and POLEmut–p53abn EC as POLEmut. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Fluorescence imaging analysis of depth‐dependent degradation in photovoltaic laminates: insights to the failure
Authors: Lyu Yadong , Fairbrother Andrew , Kim Jae Hyun , Gong Mengyan , Sung Li‐Piin , Watson Stephanie S. , Gu Xiaohong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAccurate evaluation of the reliability of photovoltaic (PV) packaging materials is critically important for the long‐term safe operation of modules. However, the complexity of the laminated systems due to their multilayered and multicomponent structures and diverse aging mechanisms makes a thorough system evaluation very challenging, especially when the degradation is non‐uniform through the thickness. In such a case, neither surface nor bulk measurements can present a clear picture of the degradation profile. In this study, fluorescence imaging was developed to visualize the degradation depth‐profiles of an aged laminated PV system. A glass/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) encapsulant/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)‐PET‐EVA (PPE) backsheet laminate was weathered with the glass‐side facing an ultraviolet (UV) light source for 3840 h. Cross‐sectional fluorescence images revealed a non‐uniform distribution of degradation species across the thickness of the EVA encapsulant, providing greater insight into the mechanisms of degradation, which are unavailable by traditional bulk‐based methods. In addition, strong fluorescence emissions were observed from the two thin adhesive layers of the aged backsheet, indicating severe degradation of the adhesives and a potential for interlayer delamination. This method is further confirmed with other microscale characterization techniques. The changes in optical (yellowness index), chemical (oxidation, UV absorber concentration), mechanical (Derjaguin‐Muller‐Toporov modulus), and thermal (melting enthalpy) properties of the EVA encapsulant were found to be related to fluorescence profiles, following the attenuation of UV light. This study highlights that fluorescence imaging is a spatially‐resolved and sensitive method for rapid failure assessment and in‐depth mechanism study for complex PV‐laminated system.
Reflection of nonlinear mountain waves by critical levels: behaviour of the reflection coefficient
Authors: Teixeira M. A. C. , Argaín J. L. , Xu Xin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCritical levels, where the wind vanishes in the atmosphere, are of key importance for gravity wave drag parametrization. The reflectivity of these levels to mountain waves is investigated here using a combination of high‐resolution numerical simulations and insights from linear theory. A methodology is developed for relating the reflection coefficient of 2D hydrostatic orographic gravity waves to the extrema of the associated drag as a function of an independent flow parameter. This method is then used to infer the variation of the reflection coefficient with flow nonlinearity. To isolate the effect of critical levels, a wind profile with negative shear is adopted, which is characterized by its Richardson number and the dimensionless mountain height , based on the mountain height , Brunt‐Väisälä frequency and surface incoming wind speed . Subject to the assumptions of linear theory, the drag is shown to be modified by wave refraction and reflection. The modulation of the drag by wave reflection is used to derive the reflection coefficient from the drag diagnosed from the numerical simulations. Despite considerable uncertainty, the critical level is found to have an that first increases with for low values of this parameter, and for stronger nonlinearity saturates to a value of about 0.6. The flow configuration in this saturated regime is characterized in the case of high‐drag states by constructive wave interference, resembling downslope windstorms. Wave reflection by critical levels enhances the flow nonlinearity and the associated drag amplification, more than doubling it for values of as low as 0.12. These results emphasize the need to represent this process in orographic gravity wave drag parametrizations, and suggest a possible way of doing it using a prescribed critical level reflection coefficient, derived using the present methodology.
Exact reliability evaluation of infrastructure networks using graph theory
Authors: Zarghami Seyed Ashkan , Gunawan Indra , Schultmann Frank 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReliability analysis of Infrastructure Networks (INs) is gaining recognition in the research literature. However, most of the work on reliability evaluation of INs have focused on simulation analysis and, therefore, unable to calculate the exact reliability. Additionally, these methods lack the capability of achieving a closer adherence to INs. The presented paper aims at filling these gaps by simplifying the process of computing the exact reliability of an IN through the decomposition of the network into a set of series and parallel configuration of its elements. In exemplifying the method, an illustrative example is presented and a brief discussion on the usefulness and limitation of the method is described.
Activated Carbon and Attapulgite as Adsorbent Composite Carrier for Removing H2S at Low Temperature
Authors: Zhang Yaolei , Zhang Zhihong , Liu Xuedong , Liu Lin , Peng Jian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe composite carrier was prepared by ultrasonication of activated carbon and attapulgite in aqueous solution, and Fe−Cu/ activated carbon‐attapulgite adsorbent was prepared by co‐precipitation method. The effects of different activated carbon: attapulgite ratios and calcination temperatures on the removal of H2S were investigated by solid bed reactor. The adsorbents were characterized by XRD, XPS TG and N2 adsorption‐desorption. The results showed that the mechanical strength of the composite carrier adsorbent was increased and the scatter ratio was reduced with the addition of attapulgite. The adsorbent showed better desulfurization activity after calcination. When the calcination temperature was 500 °C, the adsorbent formed Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 crystal form to improve the desulfurization performance significantly, and the sulfur capacity reached 279.90 mg g−1. After the adsorbent removed H2S at low temperature, the formation of elemental sulfur, metal sulfide and sulfate in the pores of the adsorbent led to desulfurization activity of the adsorbent decreasing.
Metal‐Free and Selective Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols to Aromatic Aldehydes by Hexachloroacetone
Authors: Sheikhi Ehsan , Adib Mehdi , Akherati Karajabad Morteza , Rezaei Narjes 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA metal‐free and selective oxidation of benzylic alcohols which leads to the direct and sustainable production of benzaldehydes has been developed. Compared with former known oxidation reactions like Swern, Pfitzner‐Moffatt, Parikh‐Doering, and Corey‐Kim oxidations, this oxidation approach introduces the HCA as an easily available, safer and less expensive reagent, and also because of the simple removing of chloroform. In addition, it is not necessary to add any metal, acid or base for the oxidation of benzylic alcohols. The oxidation is proceeded in DMSO and also under solvent‐free conditions in excellent yields.
Chemometrics‐assisted development of a liquid chromatography method for estimation of lapatinib in tablets: A case study on a novel quality concept
Authors: Panda Sagar Suman , Bera Ravi Kumar Venkata Varaha , Behera Aswini Kumar , Beg Sarwar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new validated liquid chromatography method was developed based on the chemometric principles involving quality risk management and design of experiments for estimation of anticancer agent lapatinib. Also, the current research work envisions providing a case study for a novel quality concept. Risk management tools such as fishbone diagram, risk estimation and risk scoring were utilized to derive critical to quality method variables viz. methanol%, flow rate and mobile phase pH. Influence of these variables was studied on critical analytical attributes such as analyte retention, plate count and peak tailing. In addition to the above approaches, the Monte Carlo simulation was applied to assess the procedure performance capability. The optimized chromatographic conditions used methanol: 0.01 M KH2PO4 (80:20, v/v) of pH 7. A flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detection at 331 nm using a diode array detector provided elution of the analyte at 3.5 min. The method validation results were acceptable for parameters such as linearity (1–160 μg/mL), accuracy (99.85–100.8%), precision (< 1%), limit of detection and limit of quantification. In a nutshell, the novel concept was found befitting for robust and reliable analysis of lapatinib in its pharmaceutical dosage form.
Ladder‐Wise calculation method for z‐coordinate of transformer PD source based on planar layout UHF antenna sensors
Authors: Zhang Guozhi , Zhang Xiaoxing , Cheng Hongtu , Tang Ju 
Published: December 2019

In locating a transformer partial discharge (PD) source, there is a large fluctuation error in the z‐coordinate of the location, which results with planar layout ultrahigh‐frequency (UHF) antenna sensors. For the large fluctuation error, this paper first theoretically analyzes the reason. According to the theoretical analysis results, a ladder‐wise calculation method of the PD source z‐coordinate is proposed: first, the x‐ and y‐coordinates of the PD source are calculated, then the univariate equation f(z) is derived, and the z‐coordinate of the PD source is obtained by f(z). Finally, the positioning effect of the ladder‐wise calculation method for PD source z‐coordinate is verified experimentally. Experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the fluctuation of the z‐coordinate of the PD source from 0.6 to 0.2, and when the PD location sample set is ≥10, the average absolute error of the z‐coordinate is reduced from about 0.4 m to less than 0.1 m. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
VeloxChem: A Python‐driven density‐functional theory program for spectroscopy simulations in high‐performance computing environments
Authors: Rinkevicius Zilvinas , Li Xin , Vahtras Olav , Ahmadzadeh Karan , Brand Manuel , Ringholm Magnus , List Nanna Holmgaard , Scheurer Maximilian , Scott Mikael , Dreuw Andreas , Norman Patrick 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn open‐source program named VeloxChem has been developed for the calculation of electronic real and complex linear response functions at the levels of Hartree–Fock and Kohn–Sham density functional theories. With an object‐oriented program structure written in a Python/C++ layered fashion, VeloxChem enables time‐efficient prototyping of novel scientific approaches without sacrificing computational efficiency, so that molecular systems involving up to and beyond 500 second‐row atoms (or some 10,000 contracted and in part diffuse Gaussian basis functions) can be routinely addressed. In addition, VeloxChem is equipped with a polarizable embedding scheme for the treatment of the classical electrostatic interactions with an environment that in turn is modeled by atomic site charges and polarizabilities. The underlying hybrid message passing interface (MPI)/open multiprocessing (OpenMP) parallelization scheme makes VeloxChem suitable for execution in high‐performance computing cluster environments, showing even slightly beyond linear scaling for the Fock matrix construction with use of up to 16,384 central processing unit (CPU) cores. An efficient—with respect to convergence rate and overall computational cost—multifrequency/gradient complex linear response equation solver enables calculations not only of conventional spectra, such as visible/ultraviolet/X‐ray electronic absorption and circular dichroism spectra, but also time‐resolved linear response signals as due to ultra‐short weak laser pulses. VeloxChem distributed under the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 (LGPLv2.1) license and made available for download from the homepage https://veloxchem.org.This article is categorized under:
Software > Quantum Chemistry
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Spectroscopy
Feasibility of Robotic Laparoscopic Surgery: 146 Cases
Authors: Cadière Guy‐Bernard , Himpens Jacques , Germay Olivier , Izizaw Rachel , Degueldre Michel , Vandromme Jean , Capelluto Elie , Bruyns Jean 
Published: December 2019

Theoretically, in laparoscopic surgery, a computer interface in command of a mechanical system (robot) allows the surgeon: (1) to recover a number a number of lost degrees of freedom,
thanks to intra‐abdominal articulations; (2) to obtain better visual control of instrument manipulation, thanks to three‐dimensional vision;
(3) to modulate the amplitude of surgical motions by downscaling and stabilization; (4) to work at a distance from the patient. These advances improve the quality of surgical tasks in a perfect ergonomic position. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing a robot in laparoscopic surgery. The first robot‐assisted procedure in humans was performed in March 1997 by our team. One hundred forty‐six patients underwent robot‐assisted laparoscopic surgery. Between March 1997 and February 2001 a nonconsecutive series was performed of 39 antireflux procedures, 48 cholecystectomies,
28 tubal reanastomoses, 10 gastroplasties for obesity, 3 inguinal hernias, 3 intrarectal procedures, 2 hysterectomies, 2 cardiac procedures, 2 prostactectomies, 2 arteriovenous fistulas, 1 lumbar sympathectomy, 1 appendectomy, 1 laryngeal exploration, 1 varicocele ligation, 1 endometriosis cure, 1 neosalpingostomy, 1 deferent canal.
The robot (Da Vinci system, Intuitive Surgical, Mountain View, CA),
consists of a console and a cart with three articulated robot arms. The surgeon sits in front of the console, manipulating joysticklike handles while observing the operative field through binoculars that provide a three‐dimensional picture. This computer is capable of modulating these data by eliminating physiologic tremor and by downscaling the amplitude of motions by a factor 5 or 3 to one. This study has demonstrated the feasibility of several laparoscopic robotic procedures. There is no morbidity related to the system. Operating time and the hospital stay were within acceptable limits. The system seems most beneficial in intra‐abdominal microsurgery or for manipulations in a very small space. Optimized ergonomics and increased mobility of the instrument tips are beneficial in many steps of abdominal surgical procedures.
The effect of consistency on the shear rheology of aqueous suspensions of cellulose micro- and nanofibrils: a review
Authors: Koponen Antti I. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhile the raw material type and the production method of cellulose micro- and nanofibrils (CMNFs) strongly affect the absolute values of the rheological parameters of their aqueous suspensions, the dependence of these parameters on consistency,c, is found to be uniform. The consistency index and yield stress of CMNF suspensions follow generally the scaling laws$$K \sim c^{2.43}$$K∼c2.43and$$\tau_{y} \sim c^{2.26}$$τy∼c2.26, respectively, and a decent approximation for flow index is$$n = 0.30 \times c^{ - 0.43}$$n=0.30×c-0.43. The variability of reported scaling exponents of these materials is likely mainly due to experimental uncertainties and not so much due to fundamentally different rheology. It is suggested that the reason behind the apparently universal rheological behavior of CMNF suspensions is the strong entanglement of fibrils; the flow dynamics of typical CMNF suspensions is dominated by interactions between fibril flocs and not by interactions between individual fibrils.Graphic abstract
The Danger for an Underestimation
of Necessary Precautions for
the Admissibility of Admissions
in Section 219A of the South African
Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977
Authors: Monyakane ’Mampolokeng ’Mathuso Mary-Elizabet 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Prima facie view regarding the admissibility of admissions, as evidence, in criminal matters is that, to admit admissions as evidence, the court requires a single consideration as to whether the admission was made freely and voluntarily. Without too much ado, the simple view to this understanding presupposes that admission of an admission as evidence against its maker is of a lesser danger compared to the admission of a confession. The admissibility of confessions against their makers does not come as easily as that of admissions. There are many prescribed requirements to satisfy before confessions are admitted as evidence. This comparison has led to a questionable conclusion that requirements for the admissibility of admissions are of a less complexity equated to the requirements for the admission of confessions. This paper answers the question whether an inference that the requirements for the admissibility of admissions are of a less complexity compared to the requirements for the admission of confessions is rational? It equates this approach to the now done away with commonwealth states rigid differentiation perspective. In the 1800s the commonwealth states, especially those vowing on the Wigmorian perspective on the law of evidence, developed from a rigid interpretation of confessions and admissions and adopted a relaxed and wide definitions of the word, “confession.” To this extent there was a relaxed divide between confessions and admissions hence their common classification and application of similar cautionary rules. The article recounts admissibility requirement in section 219A of the South African Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 (CPA) (Hereinafter CPA). It then analyses Section 219A of the CPA requirement in the light of the rationale encompassing precautions for the admission of confessions in terms of 217(1) of the CPA. It exposes the similarities of potential prejudices where confessions and admissions are admitted as evidence. It reckons that by the adherence to this rigid differentiation perspectives of confessions and admissions which used to be the practice in the commonwealth prior the 1800s developments, South African law of evidence remains prejudicial to accused persons. To do away with these prejudices this article, recommends that section 219A be amended to include additional admissibility requirements in section 217(1). In effect it recommends the merging of sections 217(1) and 219A of the CPA.
Migration,Group Agency, and Archaeology: A New Theoretical Model
Authors: McSparron Cormac , Donnelly Colm , Murphy Eileen , Geber Jonny 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnlike other social sciences, the archaeological discipline has been lacking a theoretical framework to discuss the mechanism of migration. Traditionally, patterns of population movements were denoted from material culture and interpreted within the context of ethnicity and the diffusion of ideas without considering underlying processes and incentives, despite active consideration of these issues by geographers and sociologists. It was not until the 1990s that a more integrated archaeological discussion on the various stimuli, influences, and mechanisms of why people choose to migrate was beginning to evolve. Since then, the debate on migration in archaeology has not only reflected on patterns of cultural and technological change but also increasingly on aspects of identity and self-realization; both in terms of how migrants themselves adapt and adjust to their new home environment, and how the host-communities themselves respond and interact with newcomers. Using four case studies, the current paper proposes a new theoretical model for how to assess patterns of group migrations. This new model considers the respective mode of agency related to both the intention and size of the group. “Very High and High Group Agency” represent situations where the migrant group is at a technological and quantitative advantage to the host community, while “Medium and Low Group Agency” represent situations where the newcomers are forced to respond to their new environment through adaptation and adjustment to their local host community.
Activity with Signs and Speaking About It: Exploring Students’ Mathematical Lines of Thought Regarding the Derivative
Authors: Wille Annika M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn order to participate proficiently in mathematical activity, a student needs to become fluent in both mathematical sign activity and speaking about the activity with signs. From the theoretical viewpoint of the philosophers Wittgenstein and Peirce, on the one hand, mathematics is seen as a sign game, while on the other hand experiments with signs allow for observable, communicable and describable reasoning. In this article, the focus is on the student’s sign activity and his or her speaking about it and the question of how they are intertwined. To that end, a method is presented to display the interplay of student’s activity with signs and speaking about it, and in particular, to reconstruct the student’s line of argumentation. This is applied to a case study where imaginary dialogues written by a class of grade 11 students on the topic “derivative” were analyzed.