bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving fermented virgin coconut oil quality by using microwave heating
Authors: Khathir R , Agustina R , Hartuti S , Fahmi Z 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The study aimed to improve the quality of fermented virgin coconut oil (FVCO) under microwave heating. The FVCO was collected from a local farmer in Aceh Besar District. A microwave oven at frequency of 2,450MHz and power of 800Wwas used to heat 40ml FVCO in a ceramic bowl by the variation heating time i.e. 40, 50, and 60s. The parameters observed were temperature, moisture content, free fatty acid (FFA), and peroxide value. Results showed that the quality of FVCO did not meet the quality standards such as Codex Alimentarius, Asian and Pacific Coconut Community (APCC), and the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). However, the study found that the microwave heating time had influenced the FVCO temperature significantly where the final temperature had reached 71-87°C. However, there were no significant influences of microwave heating time to the moisture, FFA, and peroxide value of FVCO. It could be caused by the short time used in this experiment; therefore, it is suggested to extend the heating time for further study.
Nutritional and sensory properties of shrimp analog made of fresh and saltwater fish surimi and tapioca
Authors: Arpi N , Fahrizal  , Rohaya S , Zahriati S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Fish spoilage can be prevented by processing, such as to process them into surimi. Surimi is utilized as a base material for manufacturing various kinds of processed products including shrimp analog. Shrimp analog can be used as an alternative food for those who are allergic to seafood, especially shrimp. This research studied the processing of surimi made into shrimp analog that has characteristics resembling natural shrimp. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of shrimp analog made from surimi of some fish species and tapioca with different concentrations. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) factorial consisting of two factors. The first factor was surimi of various fish species (I) which were I1 = trigger fish, I2 = sardines, I3 = tilapia, and I4 = snakehead fish. The second factor was theconcentration of tapioca (T) comprised T1 = 6% and T2 = 8%. The shrimp analog samples then were analysed their water content, protein content, fat content, hedonic sensory test on color, aroma, texture and taste. The best treatment was obtained from shrimp analogmade of tilapia surimi with tapioca concentration of 8% (I3T2) which had water content of 51,97%, protein content of 15,17%, fat content of 0,45%, hedonic sensory value (scale 1-5) color of 3,69 (neutral-like), aroma of 2,77 (not like-neutral), texture of 3,31 (neutral), and taste of 3,37 (neutral)
Improvement of ruminal feed fermentation by addition of eucalyptus based mix essential oil
Authors: Kurniawati A , Wigati D N , Hasanah C , Yusiati L M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In vitro fermentation methodology was used in this research to explore the effect of mix essential oil (MEO) of eucalyptus (Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) and pine (Pinus merkusii (Jungh. and de Vriese), in ratio 3:1, on feed digestibility and parameter of ruminal feed fermentation. Mix essential oil was added and mix with feed particle to meet the end concentration of 100 μl/L of fermentation media. Incubation was done at 39°C for 24 h. Upon finished the incubation, gas produced were sampled for methane analysis. Residual feed was collected by filtration and then ben analysed the dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) content for calculation of DM and OM digestibility. Meanwhile filtrate also collected for determination of pH, ammonia, protozoa number and microbial protein synthesis. Data analysis showed MEO addition did not affect pH, ammonia concentration, DM and OM digestibility. Addition of MEO reduced methane production 24.62% (P<0.05), and increased microbial protein synthesis (P<0.05) from 133.89 mg/L to 189.66. Otherwise, protozoa number in MEO treatment was lower compared to control (P<0.05). In conclusion, mix essential oil of eucalyptus and pine essential oil up to level 100μl/L could be used as feed additive to improve the fermentation of feed in the rumen.
Is tubeless uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery for pulmonary wedge resection a safe procedure?
Authors: Liu Chao-Yu , Hsu Po-Kuei , Leong Ka-I , Ting Chien-Kun , Tsou Mei-Yung 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Tubeless uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), using a uniportal approach and non-intubated anaesthesia while avoiding postoperative chest drain insertion, for patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery has been demonstrated to be feasible in selected cases. However, to date, the safety of the procedure has not been studied.

METHODS
We reviewed consecutive patients undergoing non-intubated uniportal VATS for pulmonary wedge resection at 2 medical centres between August 2016 and October 2019. The decision to avoid chest drain insertion was made in selected candidates. For those candidates in whom a tubeless procedure was performed, postoperative chest X-rays (CXRs) were taken on the day of the surgery [operation (OP) day], on postoperative day 1 and 1–2 weeks later. The factors associated with abnormal CXR findings were studied.

RESULTS
Among 135 attempts to avoid chest drain insertion, 13 (9.6%) patients ultimately required a postoperative chest drain. Among 122 patients in which a tubeless procedure was performed, 26 (21.3%) and 47 (38.5%) had abnormal CXR findings on OP day and postoperative day 1, respectively. Among them, 3 (2.5%) patients developed clinically significant abnormal CXRs and required intercostal drainage. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax was independently associated with a higher risk of postoperative abnormal CXRs.

CONCLUSIONS
Tubeless uniportal VATS for pulmonary wedge resection can be safely performed in selected patients. Most patients with postoperative abnormal CXRs presented subclinical symptoms that spontaneously resolved; only 2.5% of patients with postoperative abnormal CXRs required drainage.
Change in prevalence of self-harm from 2002 to 2018 among Norwegian adolescents
Authors: Tørmoen Anita J , Myhre Martin , Walby Fredrik A , Grøholt Berit , Rossow Ingeborg 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Self-harm is prevalent among adolescents and associated with mental health problems and negative life-events. Few studies have examined changes in its prevalence related to these factors. This study explored whether changes in prevalence of self-harm among adolescents had occurred, and to what extent changes in associated factors may have contributed.

Methods
Two cross-sectional school-based surveys among adolescents (grades 8–10) in Norway were conducted in 2002 (N = 5842) and in 2017/18 (N = 29 063). Past year prevalence of self-harm and identical variables on risk factors was analyzed in hierarchical logistic regression to examine whether and to what extent changes in self-harm correlates could explain periodical change in prevalence of self-harm.

Results
An increase from 4.1% to 16.2% in self-harm prevalence was observed from 2002 to 2017/18. The increase was relatively larger among girls compared to boys and among 8th graders compared to 10th graders. Among the assessed risk factors for self-harm, depressive symptoms increased, while anti-social behavior, exposure to violent acts and drinking to intoxication decreased. The increase in depressive symptoms contributed to explain increase in self-harm. This contribution was outweighed by the decrease in other risk factors.

Conclusions
Self-harm prevalence increased 4-fold among Norwegian adolescents over a 15-year period. While exposure to several risk factors for self-harm changed substantially in this period, these risk factors could in sum not explain any of the increase in self-harm.
Successful enrichment of low-abundant comammox Nitrospira from nitrifying granules under ammonia-limited conditions
Authors: Fujitani Hirotsugu , Nomachi Manami , Takahashi Yu , Hasebe Yoshiaki , Eguchi Masahiro , Tsuneda Satoshi 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
In artificial engineered systems, nitrification is a key reaction that accounts for the removal of biological nitrogen. Recently, a single microbe capable of oxidizing ammonia to nitrate, known as a complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox), has been discovered. Although the abundance and diversity of comammox Nitrospira in engineered systems have been identified through molecular-based approaches, the enrichment and isolation of comammox Nitrospira remains a challenge. Therefore, the aim of this study was to enrich comammox Nitrospira from nitrifying granules, which were used to increase the efficiency of biological nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plants. We sought to accomplish this through the use of a fixed-bed continuous feeding bioreactor. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and qPCR of functional genes were utilized to monitor the growth of nitrifiers including comammox Nitrospira. Cloning of comammox amoA genes identified amoA phylogeny of enriched comammox Nitrospira. This work is an example demonstrating that continuous supply of low ammonium concentrations alongside biomass carriers is effective in cultivating comammox Nitrospira from engineered systems.
Hidden in plain sight: the overstated benefits and underestimated losses of potential implantations associated with advertised PGT-A success rates
Authors: Paulson Richard J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The utilization of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) has understandable intuitive appeal in reassuring the clinician that ‘everything possible’ has been done to assure the birth of a healthy baby. Whereas the development of the PGT-A technology is still in a relatively early stage, great strides have nevertheless been made in the understanding of the genetics of the preimplantation human embryo. The problem lies not in the progress that has been achieved, but rather, in the reality that PGT-A is being actively marketed as a mature technology. Those that market the technology overstate its benefits and underestimate the losses of potential implantations that are the consequence of the practice of PGT-A. The implication is that the PGT-A technology is accurate, has minimal errors and is ready to be applied to every case of IVF. This approach is not evidence-based. Substantial losses of potential implantations are even evident in the analysis of the numbers presented by marketing materials themselves. In order to provide accurate, evidence-based counseling for patients undergoing IVF, we need to apply an appropriate level of scientific scrutiny to the data that are available and apply PGT-A selectively to those cases in which the benefits clearly outweigh the costs.
T Lymphocyte Subsets Associated With Prevalent Diabetes in Veterans With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Bailin Samuel S , McGinnis Kathleen A , McDonnell Wyatt J , So-Armah Kaku , Wellons Melissa , Tracy Russell P , Doyle Margaret F , Mallal Simon , Justice Amy C , Freiberg Matthew S , Landay Alan L , Wanjalla Celestine , Koethe John R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
A higher proportion of circulating memory CD4+ T cells is associated with prevalent diabetes mellitus in the general population. Given the broad changes in adaptive immunity, including memory T-cell expansion, and rising prevalence of diabetes in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) population, we assessed whether similar relationships were present in persons with HIV (PWH).

Methods
Multiple CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets were measured by flow cytometry, and prevalent diabetes cases were adjudicated by 2 physicians for PWH and HIV-negative participants in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study. Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated the association of T-cell subsets and diabetes stratified by HIV status, adjusted for cytomegalovirus serostatus and traditional risk factors.

Results
Among 2385 participants (65% PWH, 95% male, 68% African American), higher CD45RO+ memory CD4+ T cells and lower CD38+ CD4+ T cells were associated with prevalent diabetes, and had a similar effect size, in both the PWH and HIV-negative (P ≤ .05 for all). Lower CD38+CD8+ T cells were also associated with diabetes in both groups.

Conclusions
The CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets associated with diabetes are similar in PWH and HIV-negative individuals, suggesting that diabetes in PWH may be related to chronic immune activation.
Equine-Assisted Therapy for Veterans with PTSD: Manual Development and Preliminary Findings
Authors: Arnon Shay , Fisher Prudence W , Pickover Alison , Lowell Ari , Turner J Blake , Hilburn Anne , Jacob-McVey Jody , Malajian Bonnie E , Farber Debra G , Hamilton Jane F , Hamilton Allan , Markowitz John C , Neria Yuval 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Equine-assisted therapy (EAT) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has attracted great interest despite lacking empirical support, a manual, and a standardized protocol. Our team of experts in EAT and PTSD developed an eight-session group EAT treatment protocol for PTSD (EAT-PTSD) and administered it to two pilot groups of military veterans to assess initial effects.

Materials and Methods
We describe the development of the treatment manual, which was used with two pilot groups of veterans. Protocol safety, feasibility, and acceptability were assessed by reported adverse events, treatment completion rates, and self-rated patient satisfaction. Preliminary data on PTSD, depressive, and anxiety symptoms and quality of life were collected pretreatment, midpoint, post-treatment, and at 3-month follow up.

Results
No adverse events were recorded. All patients completed treatment, reporting high satisfaction. Preliminary data showed decreases in clinician-assessed PTSD and depressive symptoms from pre to post-treatment and follow-up (medium to large effect sizes, d = .54–1.8), with similar trends across self-report measures (d = 0.72–1.6). In our pilot sample, treatment response and remission varied; all patients showed some benefit post-treatment, but gains did not persist at follow-up.

Conclusions
This article presents the first standardized EAT protocol. Highly preliminary results suggest our new manualized group EAT-PTSD appears safe, well-regarded, and well-attended, yielding short-term benefits in symptomatology and quality of life if unclear length of effect. Future research should test this alternative treatment for PTSD more rigorously.
Duplications and Functional Convergence of Intestinal Carbohydrate-Digesting Enzymes
Authors: Brun Antonio , Mendez-Aranda Daniel , Magallanes Melisa E , Karasov William H , Martínez del Rio Carlos , Baldwin Maude W , Caviedes-Vidal Enrique 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVertebrate diets and digestive physiologies vary tremendously. Although the contribution of ecological and behavioral features to such diversity is well documented, the roles and identities of individual intestinal enzymes shaping digestive traits remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that the sucrase-isomaltase (SI)/maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) dual enzyme system long assumed to be the conserved disaccharide and starch digestion framework in all vertebrates is absent in many lineages. Our analyses indicate that independent duplications of an ancestral SI gave rise to the mammalian-specific MGAM, as well as to other duplicates in fish and birds. Strikingly, the duplicated avian enzyme exhibits similar activities to MGAM, revealing an unexpected case of functional convergence. Our results highlight digestive enzyme variation as a key uncharacterized component of dietary diversity in vertebrates.
Ex vivo ultrasonic samples of human brain tumors in the molecular era
Authors: Kirby Alastair J , Lavrador José P , Bodi Istvan , Vergani Francesco , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Ashkan Keyoumars , Finnerty Gerald T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Gliomas are composed of multiple clones of tumor cells. This intratumor heterogeneity contributes to the ability of gliomas to resist treatment. It is vital that gliomas are fully characterized at a molecular level when a diagnosis is made to maximize treatment effectiveness.

Methods
We collected ultrasonic tissue fragments during glioma surgery. Large tissue fragments were separated in the operating theater and bathed continuously in oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid to keep them alive. The ex vivo tissue fragments were transferred to a laboratory and incubated in 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). 5-ALA is metabolized to Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which accumulates in glioma cells and makes them fluorescent. The molecular and neuropathological features of the PpIX fluorescent ultrasonic tissue fragments were studied.

Results
We show that PpIX fluorescence can rapidly identify tissue fragments infiltrated by glioma in the laboratory. Ultrasonic tissue fragments from the tumor core provided molecular and neuropathological information about the glioma that was comparable to the surgical biopsy. We characterized the heterogeneity within individual gliomas by studying ultrasonic tissue fragments from different parts of the tumor. We found that gliomas exhibit a power relationship between cellular proliferation and tumor infiltration. Tissue fragments that deviate from this relationship may contain foci of more malignant glioma. The methylation status of the O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase gene promoter varied within each glioma.

Conclusions
Ex vivo ultrasonic tissue fragments can be rapidly screened for glioma infiltration. They offer a viable platform to characterize heterogeneity within individual gliomas, thereby enhancing their diagnosis and treatment.
Petrogenesis of the Ulungur Intrusive Complex, NW China, and Implications for Crustal Generation and Reworking in Accretionary Orogens
Authors: Tang Gong-Jian , Wang Qiang , Wyman Derek A , Dan Wei , Ma Lin , Zhang Hai-Xiang , Zhao Zhen-Hua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Accretionary orogens are characterized by voluminous juvenile components (recently derived from the mantle) and knowing the origin(s) of such components is vital for understanding crustal generation. Here we present field and petrological observations, along with mineral chemistry, zircon U–Pb age and Hf–O isotope data, and whole rock geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic data for the c.320 Ma Ulungur intrusive complex from the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The complex consists of two different magmatic series: one is characterized by medium- to high-K calc-alkaline gabbro to monzogranite; the other is defined by peralkaline aegirine–arfvedsonite granitoids. The calc-alkaline and peralkaline series granitoids have similar depleted mantle-like Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic compositions, but they have different zircon δ18O values: the calc-alkaline series have mantle-like δ18O values with mean compositions ranging from 5·2 ± 0·5‰ to 6·0 ± 0·9‰ (2SD), and the peralkaline granitoids have low δ18O values ranging from 3·3 ± 0·5‰ to 3·9 ± 0·4‰ (2SD). The calc-alkaline series were derived from a hydrous sub-arc mantle wedge, based on the isotope and geochemical compositions, under garnet peridotite facies conditions. This study suggests that the magmas underwent substantial differentiation, ranging from high pressure crystallization of ultramafic cumulates in the lower crust to lower pressure crystallization dominated by amphibole, plagioclase and minor biotite in the upper crust. The peralkaline series rocks are characterized by δ18O values lower than the mantle and enrichment of high field strength elements (HFSEs) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). They likely originated from melting of preexisting hydrothermally altered residual oceanic crust in the lower crust of the Junggar intra-oceanic arc. Early crystallization of clinopyroxene and amphibole was inhibited owing to their low melting temperature, leading to HFSEs and HREEs enrichment in residual peralkaline melts during crystallization of a feldspar-dominated mineral assemblage. Thus, the calc-alkaline and peralkaline series represent episodes of crust generation and reworking, respectively, demonstrating that the juvenile isotopic signature in accretionary orogens can be derived from diverse source rocks. Our results show that reworking of residual oceanic crust also plays an important role in continental crust formation for accretionary orogens, which has not previously been widely recognized.
Quantification of the pace of biological aging in humans through a blood test: The DunedinPoAm DNA methylation algorithm
Authors: Belsky DW , Caspi A , Arseneault L , Baccarelli A , Corcoran D , Gao X , Hannon E , Harrington HL , Rasmussen LJH , Houts R , Huffman K , Kraus WE , Kwon D , Mill J , Pieper CF , Prinz J , Poulton R , Schwartz J , Sugden K , Vokonas P , Williams BS , Moffitt TE 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBiological aging is the gradual, progressive decline in system integrity that occurs with advancing chronological age, causing morbidity and disability. Measurements of the pace of aging are needed to serve as surrogate endpoints in trials of therapies designed to prevent disease by slowing biological aging. We report a blood DNA-methylation measure that is sensitive to variation in the pace of biological aging among individuals born the same year. We first modeled longitudinal change in 18 biomarkers tracking organ-system integrity across 12 years of follow-up in the Dunedin birth cohort. Rates of change in each biomarker were composited to form a measure of aging-related decline, termed Pace of Aging. Elastic-net regression was used to develop a DNA-methylation predictor of Pace of Aging, called DunedinPoAm for Dunedin (P)ace (o)f (A)ging (m)ethylation. Validation analyses showed DunedinPoAm was associated with functional decline in the Dunedin Study and more advanced biological age in the Understanding Society Study, predicted chronic disease and mortality in the Normative Aging Study, was accelerated by early-life adversity in the E-risk Study, and DunedinPoAm prediction was disrupted by caloric restriction in the CALERIE trial. DunedinPoAm generally outperformed epigenetic clocks. Findings provide proof-of-principle for DunedinPoAm as a single-time-point measure of a person’s pace of biological aging.
Concurrent MEG-articulography for investigating neuromotor control of speech articulation
Authors: Johnson Blake , Meng Qinqing , Anastasopoulou Ioanna , Ratko Louise , Szalay Tunde , Proctor Michael , Jobst Cecilia , van Lieshout Pascal , Cheyne Douglas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractArticulography and functional neuroimaging are two major tools for studying the neurobiology of speech production. Until now, however, it has generally not been possible to use both in the same experimental setup because of technical incompatibilities between the two methodologies. Here we describe results from a novel articulography system dubbed Magneto-articulography for the Assessment of Speech Kinematics (MASK), used for the first time to obtain kinematic profiles of oro-facial movements during speech together with concurrent magnetoencephalographic (MEG) measurements of neuromotor brain activity. MASK was used to characterise speech kinematics in a healthy adult, and the results were compared to measurements from the same participant with a conventional electromagnetic articulography (EMA) setup. We also characterised speech movement kinematics with MASK in a group of ten typically developing children, aged 8-12 years. Analyses targeted the gestural landmarks of the utterances /ida/, /ila/ and reiterated productions of /pataka/. These results demonstrate that the MASK technique can be used to reliably characterise movement profiles and kinematic parameters that reflect development of speech motor control, together with MEG measurements of brain responses from speech sensorimotor cortex. This new capability sets the stage for cross-disciplinary efforts to understand the developmental neurobiology of human speech production.