bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal regulations and the development of German and Polish allotment gardens in the context of the production function
Authors: Kacprzak Ewa , Maćkiewicz Barbara , Szczepańska Magdalena 
Published: December 2020

Allotment gardens (AGs) serve various socio-cultural, ecological and economic functions, mostly for the urban community, and they also provide agricultural produce for their users. German and Polish legislation includes this function in the definitions regulating allotment gardening. The article aims to compare the legal regulations for allotment gardening in operation in Germany and Poland. This study analyses legal acts concerning the development and functioning of allotments, since they may greatly influence their production function. Moreover, field research and structured interviews were carried out and, as a result, the collected data were contrasted with the actual state of development of selected allotments. The study shows that some of the provisions of legal acts, both German and Polish, are not strictly adhered to by the users. Also, the analysis of use of allotments in both countries reveals the strong influence of the present legal norms. The regulations concerning allotment gardening in Germany are conducive to preserving plant cultivation, while in Poland unclear provisions on the way in which crop cultivation is to be developed have led to a replacement of the farming function by recreational and residential uses. It is necessary, then, to maintain and observe the existing regulations in Germany. In Poland, on the other hand, there is a strong need for a regulation at the national level which would specify the principles regarding the obligatory use of part of a plot for food production.
Israel’s defence ethos: military service as a turning point
Authors: Itsik Roen 
Published: December 2020

Jewish culture deals a lot with survival stories – most of them became myths, especially since the establishment of the state of Israel. The Jewish ‘survival ethos’ is assimilated in Israel mostly by customs, traditions, and education. Above all, it has been claimed that military service in the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) is the most significant institution that empowers the survival ethos. As a result, it is assumed that those who serve in the IDF are characterized by hatred towards Arabs, and by being extreme nationalists. This claim is examined in the current article, which analyses the level of the sense of security threat among Israelis during the last decade, draws on data on military service and levels of trust in Israeli government institutions, and reveals an essential finding: Israeli’s survival ethos is being eroded among IDF soldiers. This finding, followed by the fact that the leaders of the liberal party in the Israeli parliament are former military generals, indicates that military service in Israel does not empower extreme nationalism; on the contrary, service in the IDF has become a moderating social mechanism.
“Bejação” : patrimônio, fé e gratidão em uma festa afrocatólica na comunidade quilombola de Jurussaca, Tracuateua-PA.
Authors: De Aviz dos Reis Maria Maria Helena 
Published: December 2020

A Comunidade Quilombola de Jurussaca no município de Tracuateua/Pará, abriga todos os anos na segunda quinzena de outubro, uma diversidade de pessoas que chegam para comemorar a Festa de Todos os Santos. Junto aos santos e a policromia de fitas envoltas em seus pés, os devotos materializam a fé e a gratidão aos santos na “bejação” de suas fitas, ditas sagradas. Pela ocasião da festa, dita afrocatólica, percebe-se uma pluralidade cultural e religiosa que vai além da materialidade, é a imaterialidade do patrimônio religioso na circularidade dos santos que “recebem” os filhos e amigos para agradecer as promessas alcançadas ou pedir proteção, entre outros apelos que se ouve em festas de catolicismo popular, espalhadas pela Amazônia.

Abstract: The Quilombola Community of Jurussaca in the municipality of Tracuateua/Pará, is home every year in the second half of October, a diversity of people who come to celebrate the Feast of all Saints. Together with the Saints and the polychromy of ribbons snathed on their feet, devotes materialize Faith and gratitude to saints in the “beading” of their tapes, so called sacred. On the occasion on the feast, só called Afro-Catholic, a cultural and religious plurality is perceived that goes beyond materiality, is the immateriality of religious heritage in the circularity of saints who “receive” children and friends to thank the promises achieved or ask for protection, among other appeals that aree heard t popular Catholicism festivals, spread across the Amazônia.
‘Vai aparecer no jornal!’: o papel imprensa na divulgação arqueológica no Pará
Authors: Godoy Renata De , Barroso Joyce Julie 
Published: December 2020

Arqueologia é um tema de interesse da mídia por diversos motivos. Entretanto, nem sempre a exposição do assunto é adequada para fins de divulgação científica, seguindo um padrão que coloca o tema mais enquanto empecilho para obras de infraestrutura, curiosidade e até como entretenimento. Em pesquisa nos dois jornais locais de maior expressão em Belém, no Pará, no período entre 2008 e 2015, percebemos qual o lugar da arqueologia na imprensa desta metrópole amazônica. Em Belém a arqueologia está em uma miríade de lugares de turismo e lazer, característica que não se refletiu em sua divulgação nas mídias analisadas. Concluímos que a arqueologia deixa de utilizar a mídia como importante ferramenta de divulgação científica. Abstract: Archeology is a topic of interest to the media for several reasons. However, the exposition of the subject is not always adequate for the purpose of scientific divulgation, following a pattern that places the theme more as an obstacle for infrastructure works, or as curiosity and even as entertainment. As we analyzed the two most important local newspapers in Belém, Pará, between 2008 and 2015, we could reflect upon the place of archeology in an Amazonian metropolis through its local press. In Belém, archeology is represented in all tourism and leisure spaces, a characteristic that was not reflected in the analyzed media. We conclude that archeology sub utilizes the media as an important tool for scientific dissemination.
Laminar Origin of Corticostriatal Projections to the Motor Putamen in the Macaque Brain
Authors: Borra Elena , Rizzo Marianna , Gerbella Marzio , Rozzi Stefano , Luppino Giuseppe 
Published: December 2020

In the macaque brain, projections from distant, interconnected cortical areas converge in specific zones of the striatum. For example, specific zones of the motor putamen are targets of projections from frontal motor, inferior parietal, and ventrolateral prefrontal hand-related areas and thus are integral part of the so-called “lateral grasping network.” In the present study, we analyzed the laminar distribution of corticostriatal neurons projecting to different parts of the motor putamen. Retrograde neural tracers were injected in different parts of the putamen in 3Macaca mulatta(one male) and the laminar distribution of the labeled corticostriatal neurons was analyzed quantitatively. In frontal motor areas and frontal operculum, where most labeled cells were located, almost everywhere the proportion of corticostriatal labeled neurons in layers III and/or VI was comparable or even stronger than in layer V. Furthermore, within these regions, the laminar distribution pattern of corticostriatal labeled neurons largely varied independently from their density and from the projecting area/sector, but likely according to the target striatal zone. Accordingly, the present data show that cortical areas may project in different ways to different striatal zones, which can be targets of specific combinations of signals originating from the various cortical layers of the areas of a given network. These observations extend current models of corticostriatal interactions, suggesting more complex modes of information processing in the basal ganglia for different motor and nonmotor functions and opening new questions on the architecture of the corticostriatal circuitry.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTProjections from the ipsilateral cerebral cortex are the major source of input to the striatum. Previous studies have provided evidence for distinct zones of the putamen specified by converging projections from specific sets of interconnected cortical areas. The present study shows that the distribution of corticostriatal neurons in the various layers of the primary motor and premotor areas varies depending on the target striatal zone. Accordingly, different striatal zones collect specific combinations of signals from the various cortical layers of their input areas, possibly differing in terms of coding, timing, and direction of information flow (e.g., feed-forward, or feed-back).
Surprise: Unexpected Action Execution and Unexpected Inhibition Recruit the Same Fronto-Basal-Ganglia Network
Authors: Sebastian Alexandra , Konken Anne Maria , Schaum Michael , Lieb Klaus , Tüscher Oliver , Jung Patrick 
Published: December 2020

Unexpected and thus surprising events are omnipresent and oftentimes require adaptive behavior such as unexpected inhibition or unexpected action. The current theory of unexpected events suggests that such unexpected events just like global stopping recruit a fronto-basal-ganglia network. A global suppressive effect impacting ongoing motor responses and cognition is specifically attributed to the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Previous studies either used separate tasks or presented unexpected, task-unrelated stimuli during response inhibition tasks to relate the neural signature of unexpected events to that of stopping. Here, we aimed to test these predictions using a within task design with identical stimulus material for both unexpected action and unexpected inhibition using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for the first time. To this end, 32 healthy human participants of both sexes performed a cue-informed go/nogo task comprising expected and unexpected action and inhibition trials during fMRI. Using conjunction, contrast, and Bayesian analyses, we demonstrate that unexpected action elicited by an unexpected go signal and unexpected inhibition elicited by an unexpected nogo signal recruited the same fronto-basal-ganglia network which is usually assigned to stopping. Furthermore, the stronger the unexpected action-related activity in the STN region was the more detrimental was the effect on response times. The present results thus complement earlier findings and provide direct evidence for the unified theory of unexpected events while ruling out alternative task and novelty effects.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis is the first study using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test whether unexpected events regardless of whether they require unexpected action or inhibition recruit a fronto-basal-ganglia network just like stopping. In contrast to previous studies, we used identical stimulus material for both conditions within one task. This enabled us to directly test predictions of the current theory of unexpected events and, moreover, to test for condition-specific neural signatures. The present results underpin that both processes recruit the same neural network while excluding alternative task and novelty effects. The simple task design thus provides an avenue to studying surprise as a pure form of reactive inhibition in neuropsychiatric patients displaying inhibitory deficits who often have a limited testing capacity.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Improve Self-Esteem of Schizophrenics
Authors: Anwar Zainul , Sa’adah Diana Zumrotus 
Published: December 2020

Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder that is characterized by major disturbances in terms of thoughts, emotions, and behavior. The employed assessment methods consist of interviews, observation, psychological tests, and documentation. The subjects were schizophrenics with low self-esteem problems. The treatment strategy through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) was aimed to change negative thoughts and maladaptive behavior to increase self-esteem. The result was a change in the form of thoughts or beliefs that everyone had weaknesses and strengths, including themselves, and an increase in self-esteem scores.
Keywords: Schizophrenia, self-esteem, cognitive behavioral therapy
COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ EVDE KAL UYGULAMASI: TOPLUMUN TUTUM VE DAVRANIŞLARI
Authors: KILIÇ Mahmut , USLUKILIÇ Güllü , OK Şerife 
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Covid-19 salgınını kontrol altına almak amacıyla “Evde Kal” uygulanması yapılmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, evde kal uygulamasına yönelik toplumun tutum ve davranışlarını belirlemektir.
Gereç ve yöntemler: Bu çalışma, elektronik ortamda online olarak 2-6 Nisan 2020 tarihlerinde 18-64 yaş grubu arasında yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya 512 kişi katılmış, 4-6 Nisan tarihlerinde anket dolduran 18-20 yaş grubuna ait veriler çıkarıldıktan sonra 481 anket değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Veriler Binary Lojistik Regresyon (BLR) analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılanların %64.2’si kadın, %63.6’sı evli, %50.5’i lisans mezunu, yaş aralığı 18-64 olup yaş ortalaması 33.7±9.6’dır. Araştırmaya katılanların %32.3’ü evden dışarı çıkmadığını, %67.2’si ihtiyaçları için fırına-markete gittiğini, %5.6’sı yakın akrabaları ile bir araya geldiğini belirtmiştir. Evden çıkmak zorunda kalınması durumunda %64.4’ü sosyal mesafeye uyduğunu ve %47.6’sı maske taktığını belirtmiştir. Dışarıdan eve gelindiğinde %85.0’i ellerini yıkadığını, %76.7’si banyoya giderek kıyafetlerini çıkardığını, %41.2’si banyo yaptığını belirtmiştir. İş yerine gidenlerin yaklaşık yarısı iş arkadaşlarıyla (%47.9) ve iş yerine gelen diğer insanlarla (%48.5) sosyal mesafeyi koruduğunu, %35.2’si maske ve %26.7’si eldiven taktığını belirtmiştir. BLR analizine göre; evden çıkmama olasılığı kadınlarda ve çalışmayanlarda; maske takma olasılığı eğitim seviyesi düştük olanlarda ve çalışanlarda; sosyal mesafeye uyma olasılığı eğitim seviyesi yüksek olanlarda daha yüksek olarak saptanmıştır (p
ДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ И САМОДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЙ ЖИЗНИ В РОССИЙСКОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ
Authors: Крольман Марианна Львовна , Косарева Елена Станиславовна , Дементьев Сергей Александрович 
Published: December 2020

социальный класс с другими группами.
Результаты исследования. Введение в исследовательский дискурс и детерминант и самодетерминант общественной жизни согласно позиции автора означает сохранение традиции социального детерминизма, несмотря на деконструктивизм социального постмодерна. Сложность исследовательской ситуации состоит в том, что в концептуальном самодвижении требуется выработать позицию взаимообусловленности, взаимозаивисимости общественной жизни на основе определения детерминант как объективированных результатов деятельности людей, а самодетерминант – как субъектного выбора моделей социального действия в рамках возможностей, трактуемых, как детерминанты общественной жизни. Авторы приходят к вводу, что на современном этапе в российском обществе отмечается возникновение новых связей и отношений, как следствие информационной и индивидной революции в общественной жизни.
Перспективы исследования. Важным выводом можно считать введение в социально-философский дискурс детерминант и самодетерминант общественной жизни, и этот концепт может быть использован в дальнейших социально-философских исследованиях.
Регулирование языкового ландшафта в российских городах: многоязычие и неравенство
Authors: Баранова Влада Вячеславовна , Федорова Капитолина Сергеевна 
Published: December 2020

В статье анализируется языковая политика в России с точки зрения языкового ландшафта, т. е. письменного использования языка(ков) в публичном пространстве. Языковая политика при этом понимается как вся совокупность мер, направленных на языковые практики, акторами которых могут быть официальные власти, бизнес-структуры и граждане. Изучение языковой политики проводится в двух аспектах. С одной стороны, рассматриваются законодательные и нормативные акты различных уровней, регламентирующие использование русского языка, других языков народов Российской Федерации и иностранных языков. С другой стороны, анализируются данные по языковому ландшафту конкретных российских городов, для которых характерны различные варианты многоязычной коммуникации (крупные города, привлекающие туристов и мигрантов; города, расположенные в национальных республиках; пограничные города). Выделяются основные тенденции в регулировании языкового ландшафта на уровне законодательства и на уровне повседневных практик. На фоне сохранения довольно жесткой монолингвальной идеологии, происходит постепенный рост языкового разнообразия в языковом ландшафте практически всех обследованных российских городов. Этот рост затрагивает как миноритарные языки РФ, так и иностранные языки, направленные на различные группы приезжих – туристов и трудовых мигрантов. Законодательство при этом может становиться инструментом, используемым различными группами активных граждан в интересах продвигаемого ими языка. Однако в ряде случаев, касающихся, прежде всего, пограничных зон, монолингвальный уклон языковой политики продолжает сохраняться и даже усиливается. В целом, неполная репрезентация иных языков, помимо русского, в публичном пространстве, отражает и закрепляет неравенство, существующее между носителями этих языков и русскоязычного монолингвального большинства. В статье обосновывается необходимость дальнейших кросс-региональных исследований языковой политики и языкового ландшафта для понимания изменений, происходящих в современном мире.
Erysiphe paradoxa: A Newly Reported Powdery Mildew on Acer monspessulanum in Turkey
Authors: KABAKTEPE Şanlı , AKATA Ilgaz , SEVİNDİK Mustafa 
Published: December 2020

Aim of the study: The current study aims to contribute Turkish powdery mildews by adding newly recorded fungus.
Area of study: The northern slopes of Derebağ waterfall was the study area located within the borders of Derebağ Town (Yahyalı/Kayseri/Turkey) district in the northeast of Aladağlar.
Material and methods: Infected maple specimens were collected from the field on October 14, 2015 and brought the laboratory for identification studies. Morphological structures were examined using both simple light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The identified samples were deposited in Inonu University Herbarium (INU).
Main results: Erysiphe paradoxa was recorded for the first time from Turkey.
Highlights: Erysiphe paradoxa was reported on Acer monspessulanum. E. paradoxa was a new record for Turkish powdery mildews. E. paradoxa samples collected from Turkey were the third report in the World.
Changing patterns of first medical contact management profile of corneal ulcers in a developing country: a hospital-based study
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Sharma Vijay K. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Infectious keratitis is a major cause of corneal blindness throughout the world. There are guidelines and protocols for management of infectious keratitis, but these are rarely practiced by the treating physician. The aim of this study is to find the first medical contact management profile in a tertiary care Centre in north India and compare it to the previous studies to see the changing patterns of first contact management in our country.Methods: The data for the study was collected by retrospective data review of 100 consecutive patients with infectious keratitis. Various parameters were studied and statistical correlation established, where it was felt necessary. The parameters were age and sex distribution, first medical contact, initial treatment prescribed, time interval for first medical contact, inciting factors for corneal ulcer, bacterial and fungal culture spectrum, visual recovery after medical and surgical treatment.Results: Data review of 100 consecutive patients with infectious keratitis was done. More than 70% of patients were above 40 years of age. In 54% of patients, no inciting agent could be identified. The first medical contact for majority of patients was ophthalmologists in independent practice (48%). Time interval for first contact to any health professional varied from one day to 75 days with mean 4.63 days. Moxifloxacin hydrochloride eye drops was the most commonly used drug. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the commonest isolate grown in the culture (38.9%).Conclusions: Early diagnosis and appropriate management of infectious keratitis is important and role of first medical contact of patient is most crucial in final outcome.
A study to assess the effect of a single pre-operative dose of steroid in major abdominal surgery outcomes
Authors: Sarasijakshan Ajai Kunnath , Sadanandan Sunil , Francis Joseph 
Published: December 2020

Background: Abdominal surgeries are associated with an appreciably high rate of post-operative nausea, vomiting and pain due to the severity of the proinflammatory cytokine response arising from peritoneal trauma. This study was designed to study the efficacy of single pre-operative dose of dexamethasone in reducing the incidence of post-operative nausea, vomiting and pain after major abdominal surgeries. Methods: The study was prospective, randomized and double blinded. 60 adult patients of either sex, scheduled for elective laparotomy from March 2012 to October 2013 were included in the study. Results: In this study 86.7% of patients in the saline group experienced nausea, whereas only 13.3% of patients in dexamethasone group experienced nausea. Chi square value is 32.67 and p value is<0.05. Among the patients who received dexamethasone only 10% experienced vomiting, where as in the saline group 33.3% developed vomiting. Chi square value is 4.812 and p value is 0.029. This is statistically significant as p value is<0.05. Among the patients who experienced very severe pain 100% were from the saline group, whereas none of the patients in dexamethasone group experienced very severe pain. Among the patients who experienced severe pain 85.7% belonged to saline group, and only 14.3% were from the dexamethasone group. The p value is<0.05. Conclusions: It was found that single pre-operative dose of dexamethasone (8 mg) reduces post-operative nausea, vomiting, pain significantly after abdominal surgery.
Análisis del fenómeno de persuasión en el discurso medioambiental de Juan Pablo II
Authors: Plewko Monika 
Published: December 2020

Analiza zjawiska perswazji w dyskursie środowiskowym Jana Pawła II
Niniejszy tekst stanowi analizę porównawczą przemówień Jana Pawła II, w szczególności językowych środków perswazji, które występują się w homiliach tematycznych. W tym celu został stworzony korpus tekstów w dwóch językach – polskim i hiszpańskim, których treść dotyczy m.in. środowiska naturalnego, a następnie zostały zestawione wybrane środki językowe o wartościach perswazyjnych, które w nich występują. Na podstawie konkretnych przykładów Autorka usiłuje wykazać, jakie formy gramatyczne i leksykalne wpływają na perswazyjny charakter przemówień Jana Pawła II oraz jakie różnice występują w ich użyciu w obydwu językach.
Análisis del fenómeno de persuasión en el discurso medioambiental de Juan Pablo II
El presente texto constituye un análisis contrastivo del discurso de Juan Pablo II y precisamente de los recursos lingüísticos de persuasión que aparecen en un tipo temático de sus homilías. Como material de investigación se utilizan los textos en dos lenguas seleccionadas: polaco y español que tratan únicamente sobre el tema medioambiental. El objetivo del artículo es presentar algunos recursos lingüísticos (retóricos) del fenómeno de persuasión que aparecen en homilías de Juan Pablo II. Nuestra intención es mostrar, a base de una serie de ejemplos concretos, qué elementos formales influyen en el carácter persuasivo del discurso de Juan Pablo II y cómo varían dichos recursos a través de ambas lenguas.