bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origem de classe e chances de vida no Brasil
Authors: Santos José Alcides Figueiredo 
Published: April 2020

O trabalho investiga as relações entre origem de classe e chances de vida no Brasil com os dados de mobilidade social da PNAD 2014. Os efeitos da origem foram estimados sob a forma de médias preditas e diferenças proporcionais na renda com um Modelo Linear Generalizado. A magnitude e a evolução entre as coortes dos efeitos total e direto da origem privilegiada na renda coloca em questão o papel equalizador da educação. A origem no topo social tanto impulsiona a renda de quem tem escolaridade superior quanto protege quem fracassa na escola. Os retornos da escolaridade superior e média estão caindo entre as coortes. Esta queda afeta quem ter origem na base social, porém não no topo social. Maior desigualdade originária parece favorecer a vantagem de origem. A menor desigualdade de renda atual, no entanto, não reduziu a vantagem de origem entre a primeira e a última coorte.
Concepção de um jogo sério baseado no Design Participativo para educação em higiene bucal de crianças
Authors: Morais Emanuel , Araújo Chagas Vergara Clarice Maria , De Vasconcelos Filho José Eurico , Alves de Carvalho Sampaio Helena , Rocha Ximenes Virgílio 
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o processo de concepção de um jogo sério, o Oral Health Kids, desenvolvido para educar em higiene bucal infantil mediante a participação de pais ou responsáveis. Método: O jogo foi desenvolvido pelo método do Design de Interação Participativo Centrado no Usuário, ou Design Participativo (DP), de Preece, Rogers e Sharp (2013), e contou a participação de uma equipe multidisciplinar que envolveu um dentista, um desenvolvedor de software, um ilustrador e educadores. O protótipo foi usado e testado por dez professoras da educação infantil. Foi desenhado para o público infantil, entre quatro e sete anos. Resultados: O jogo possui duas áreas: a da criança e a do seu responsável. Tem um enredo baseado no universo infantil, quatro fases progressivas de evolução e motivação intrínseca tanto para crianças quanto para pais, história em quadrinhos, avatares e material educativo disponibilizado aos responsáveis sobre saúde e higiene bucal à proporção que a criança acumula pontos para avançar de fase. Conclusão: O jogo sério apresentado indica viabilidade, material pedagógico apropriado e demonstrou ser uma ferramenta que, com os devidos ajustes e implementações apresenta-se como uma opção auxiliar de educação em saúde.
Palavras-chave: Jogos de vídeo. Educação em saúde. Aplicativos móveis.
АПОПТОЗ ГЕПАТОЦИТОВ - ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ФАКТОР ПРОГРЕССИРОВАНИЯ НЕАЛКОГОЛЬНОЙ ЖИРОВОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ПЕЧЕНИ
Authors: Trushina Eleonora , Mustafina Oksana , Kuznetsov Valery 
Published: April 2020

В обзоре литературы рассматривается патогенетическое значение апоптоза гепатоцитов в процессе формирования и прогрессирования неалкогольной жировой болезни печени (НАЖБП).The literature review examines the pathogenetic significance of hepatocyte apoptosis during the formation and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЙ РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ
Authors: Pisarenko Kristina 
Published: April 2020

В статье проведен обзор основных инструментов повышения инвестиционной привлекательности региональных экономик в парадигме устойчивого социально-экономического развития территорий. Автором обозначены факторы, определяющие инвестиционную привлекательность регионов, представлен рейтинг инвестиционного потенциала и рисковости регионов, а так же сформулированы перспективные направления развития инвестиционной привлекательности региональных экономик.The article reviews the main tools for increasing the investment attractiveness of regional economies in the paradigm of sustainable socio-economic development of territories. The author identifies the factors that determine the investment attractiveness of regions, presents the rating of investment potential and risk of regions, and also formulated promising directions for the development of investment attractiveness of regional economies.
ЭТНОКУЛЬТУРНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА БАЙКАЛЬСКОГО РЕГИОНА
Authors: Ekimov Yevgeniy 
Published: April 2020

В статье проводится обобщение сведений о поэтапном заселении байкальского региона, и вводятся в научный оборот ранее нигде не упоминавшиеся источники, свидетельствующие о мирной колонизации края русскими, а также о проживании русских в Сибири, за долго до похода Ермака. Как новый метод исследования применяется анализ художественной фотографии, как этнокультурного источника. В работе также ставится под сомнение вопрос о происхождении сибирского казачества.The article summarizes the information about the gradual settlement of the Baikal region, and introduced into scientific circulation previously never mentioned sources, indicating the peaceful colonization of the region by the Russians, as well as the Russian residence in Siberia, long before the campaign of Ermak. The analysis of art photography as an ethno-cultural source is used as a new method of research. The paper also questions the origin of the Siberian Cossacks.
Meningkatkan Kreativitas Anak Melalui Metode Bermain Plastisin Tanah Liat
Authors: Maisarah Ayu , Mahmud Muchammad Eka , Saugi Wildan 
Published: April 2020

This research aims to improve the creativity skill of children at early age through play by using plasticine in the group of B2 at TK IT Salsabila Samarinda. The type of the research is classroom action research with three cycles. The aspects assessed on the children’s creativity skill are fluency, originality, flexibility and detail. The result of the classroom action research shows an improvement on the children’s creativity skill through plasticine media during the pre-cycle, cycle I, cycle II, and clycle III. The children’s creativity skill on the pre-cycle is 9% with undeveloped or poor category and 27% on the cycle I with undeveloped or poor category. Then, on the cycle II it increases to 47% with developing or fair category and on the cycle III it becomes 93% with well-developed or very good category. It shows that play by using plasticine can improve the creativity of children at early age.
Behind the Hospitals’ Closed Doors: Medical Archives as Sites of Racial Memory and Social (In)Justice
Authors: Grossi Élodie 
Published: April 2020

Cet article révèle en quoi les archives des hôpitaux psychiatriques dévoilent la violence symbolique et physique infligée aux corps racialisés, confinés dans ces lieux par l’autorité médicale blanche aux xix e et xx e siècles. En prenant pour appui les archives d’institutions médicales et d’organisations de défense des droits civiques, ainsi qu’une enquête qualitative, cet article s’intéresse à l’invisibilisation du point de vue des patients depuis le xix e siècle, à la possible élaboration de contre-récits portant sur les résistances noires et aux usages sociaux et politiques contemporains de l’histoire médicale.
TGF-β and IL-15 Synergize through MAPK Pathways to Drive the Conversion of Human NK Cells to an Innate Lymphoid Cell 1–like Phenotype
Authors: Hawke Lindsey G. , Mitchell Brandon Z. , Ormiston Mark L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Circulating NK cells are known to convert to a type 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1)–like phenotype in response to TGF-β exposure. However, the precise cellular changes defining this process as well as the downstream signaling pathways guiding it remain poorly defined, particularly in humans. We used mass cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) to model this phenotypic shift in vitro and identify a synergistic activity of TGF-β and IL-15 in this cellular conversion. CyTOF profiling identified substantial heterogeneity in the propensity of NK cells to adopt an ILC1-like phenotype in culture, characterized by the step-wise acquisition of various markers, including CD69, CD9, CD103, and CD49a. Activating and inhibitory receptors, including NKG2A, NKG2D, KIR2DL1, KIR3DL1, NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46, were all found to be upregulated exclusively on the cellular subsets that converted most readily in response to TGF-β. An assessment of downstream TGF-β signaling identified TAK1-mediated activation of p38 MAPK as the critical pathway driving conversion. IL-15 enhanced TGF-β–mediated conversion through Ras:RAC1 signaling as well as via the activation of MEK/ERK. Interestingly, the adoption of an ILC1-like phenotype was independent of the effect of IL-15 or TGF-β on mTOR, as the culture of NK cells in the presence of mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin or torin1, had minimal impact on the degree of conversion. In conclusion, we have used in vitro human culture systems and CyTOF to define the conversion of circulating NK cells to an ILC1-like phenotype and have clarified the pathways responsible for this process.
Review article: How does glacier discharge affect marine biogeochemistry and primary production in the Arctic?
Authors: Hopwood Mark J. , Carroll Dustin , Dunse Thorben , Hodson Andy , Holding Johnna M. , Iriarte José L. , Ribeiro Sofia , Achterberg Eric P. , Cantoni Carolina , Carlson Daniel F. , Chierici Melissa , Clarke Jennifer S. , Cozzi Stefano , Fransson Agneta , Juul-Pedersen Thomas , Winding Mie H. S. , Meire Lorenz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Freshwater discharge from glaciers is increasing across the Arctic in
response to anthropogenic climate change, which raises questions about the
potential downstream effects in the marine environment. Whilst a combination
of long-term monitoring programmes and intensive Arctic field campaigns have
improved our knowledge of glacier–ocean interactions in recent years,
especially with respect to fjord/ocean circulation, there are extensive
knowledge gaps concerning how glaciers affect marine biogeochemistry and
productivity. Following two cross-cutting disciplinary International Arctic
Science Committee (IASC) workshops addressing the importance of glaciers
for the marine ecosystem, here we review the state of the art concerning
how freshwater discharge affects the marine environment with a specific
focus on marine biogeochemistry and biological productivity. Using a series
of Arctic case studies (Nuup Kangerlua/Godthåbsfjord, Kongsfjorden,
Kangerluarsuup Sermia/Bowdoin Fjord, Young Sound and Sermilik Fjord), the
interconnected effects of freshwater discharge on fjord–shelf exchange,
nutrient availability, the carbonate system, the carbon cycle and the
microbial food web are investigated. Key findings are that whether the effect
of glacier discharge on marine primary production is positive or negative
is highly dependent on a combination of factors. These include glacier type
(marine- or land-terminating), fjord–glacier geometry and the limiting
resource(s) for phytoplankton growth in a specific spatio-temporal region
(light, macronutrients or micronutrients). Arctic glacier fjords therefore
often exhibit distinct discharge–productivity relationships, and multiple
case-studies must be considered in order to understand the net effects of
glacier discharge on Arctic marine ecosystems.
Bioinspired Precision Engineering of Three‐Dimensional Epithelial Stem Cell Microniches
Authors: Prina Elisabetta , Amer Mahetab H. , Sidney Laura , Tromayer Maximilian , Moore Jonathan , Liska Robert , Bertolin Marina , Ferrari Stefano , Hopkinson Andrew , Dua Harminder , Yang Jing , Wildman Ricky , Rose Felicity R. A. J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMaintenance of the epithelium relies on stem cells residing within specialized microenvironments, known as epithelial crypts. Two‐photon polymerization (2PP) is a valuable tool for fabricating 3D micro/nanostructures for stem cell niche engineering applications. Herein, biomimetic gelatin methacrylate‐based constructs, replicating the precise geometry of the limbal epithelial crypt structures (limbal stem cell “microniches”) as an exemplar epithelial niche, are fabricated using 2PP. Human limbal epithelial stem cells (hLESCs) are seeded within the microniches in xeno‐free conditions to investigate their ability to repopulate the crypts and the expression of various differentiation markers. Cell proliferation and a zonation in cell phenotype along the z‐axis are observed without the use of exogenous signaling molecules. Significant differences in cell phenotype between cells located at the base of the microniche and those situated towards the rim are observed, demonstrating that stem cell fate is strongly influenced by its location within a niche and the geometrical details of where it resides. This study provides insight into the influence of the niche’s spatial geometry on hLESCs and demonstrates a flexible approach for the fabrication of biomimetic crypt‐like structures in epithelial tissues. This has significant implications for regenerative medicine applications and can ultimately lead to implantable synthetic “niche‐based” treatments.
Activation of the SOX‐5, SOX‐6, and SOX‐9 Trio of Transcription Factors Using a Gene‐Activated Scaffold Stimulates Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Chondrogenesis and Inhibits Endochondral Ossification
Authors: Raftery Rosanne M. , Gonzalez Vazquez Arlyng G. , Chen Gang , O'Brien Fergal J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCurrent treatments for articular cartilage defects relieve symptoms but often only delay cartilage degeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown chondrogenic potential but tend to undergo endochondral ossification when implanted in vivo. Harnessing factors governing joint development to functionalize biomaterial scaffolds, termed developmental engineering, might allow to prime host MSCs to regenerate mature articular cartilage in situ without requiring cell isolation or ex vivo expansion. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a gene‐activated scaffold capable of delivering developmental cues to host MSCs, thus priming MSCs for articular cartilage differentiation and inhibiting endochondral ossification. It is shown that delivery of the SOX‐Trio induced MSCs to over‐express COL2A1 and ACAN and deposit a sulfated and collagen type II rich extracellular matrix while hypertrophic gene expression and collagen type X deposition is inhibited. When cell‐free SOX‐Trio‐activated scaffolds are implanted ectopically in vivo, they induced spontaneous chondrogenesis without evidence of hypertrophy. MSCs pre‐cultured on SOX‐Trio‐activated scaffolds prior to implantation differentiate into phenotypically stable chondrocytes as evidenced by a lack of collagen X expression or vascular invasion. This SOX‐trio‐activated scaffold represents a potent, single treatment, developmentally inspired strategy to prime MSCs in situ for articular cartilage defect repair.
Exploring Circulating Tumor Cells in Cholangiocarcinoma Using a Novel Glycosaminoglycan Probe on a Microfluidic Platform
Authors: Gopinathan Priya , Chiang Nai‐Jung , Bandaru Anandaraju , Sinha Anirban , Huang Wen‐Yen , Hung Shang‐Cheng , Shan Yan‐Shen , Lee Gwo‐Bin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe search of alternative approaches to epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), for the isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTC), is on the rise. This work attempts at evaluating the feasibility of using a new glycosaminoglycan, SCH45, as a probe to isolate CTCs from the peripheral blood of 65 advanced/metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients. The positive enrichment of CTCs from 1 mL of blood using SCH45‐bound magnetic beads and subsequent staining on an integrated microfluidic platform is demonstrated. Results detailing CTC concentrations averaging ≥1 CTCs mL−1 of blood are shown, and a conventional protein biomarker, EpCAM, has been used to corroborate the finding that 100% of the patients possess CTCs in their blood. Studies detailing the use of CTCs in the prognostic monitoring and treatment effectiveness of advanced/metastatic CCA are scarce, and the isolation of CTCs from all CCA patients tested has not been reported yet. A strong correlation between CTC counts and disease progression at the time of and/or in advance of radiographic imaging in patients receiving chemotherapy is also reported. This study is one of its kind with the new probe and reduced sample volume and has potential for use in CCA diagnosis and prognosis in the near future.
Dehydration‐Triggered Ionic Channel Engineering in Potassium Niobate for Li/K‐Ion Storage
Authors: Zhang Shilin , Fan Qining , Liu Ye , Xi Shibo , Liu Xiufan , Wu Zhibin , Hao Junnan , Pang Wei Kong , Zhou Tengfei , Guo Zaiping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBoosting charge transfer in materials is critical for applications involving charge carriers. Engineering ionic channels in electrode materials can create a skeleton to manipulate their ion and electron behaviors with favorable parameters to promote their capacity and stability. Here, tailoring of the atomic structure in layered potassium niobate (K4Nb6O17) nanosheets and facilitating their application in lithium and potassium storage by dehydration‐triggered lattice rearrangement is reported. The spectroscopy results reveal that the interatomic distances of the NbO coordination in the engineered K4Nb6O17 are slightly elongated with increased degrees of disorder. Specifically, the engineered K4Nb6O17 shows enhanced electrical and ionic conductivity, which can be attributed to the enlarged interlamellar spacing and subtle distortions in the fine atomic arrangements. Moreover, subsequent experimental results and calculations demonstrate that the energy barrier for Li+/K+ diffusion is significantly lower than that in pristine K4Nb6O17. Interestingly, the diffusion coefficient of K+ is one order of magnitude higher than that of Li+ , and the engineered K4Nb6O17 presents superior electrochemical performance for K+ to Li+ . This work offers an ionic engineering strategy to enable fast and durable charge transfer in materials, holding great promise for providing guidance for the material design of related energy storage systems.
Toward 2D Magnets in the (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n Bulk Crystal
Authors: Wu Jiazhen , Liu Fucai , Liu Can , Wang Yong , Li Changcun , Lu Yangfan , Matsuishi Satoru , Hosono Hideo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract2D magnets and their engineered magnetic heterostructures are intriguing materials for both fundamental physics and application prospects. On the basis of the recently discovered intrinsic magnetic topological insulators (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n, here, a new type of magnet, in which the magnetic layers are separated by a large number of non‐magnetic layers and become magnetically independent, is proposed. This magnet is named as a single‐layer magnet, regarding the vanishing interlayer exchange coupling. Theoretical calculations and magnetization measurements indicate that, the decoupling of the magnetic layers starts to emerge from n = 2 and 3, as revealed by a unique slow‐relaxation behavior below a ferromagnetic‐type transition at Tc = 12–14 K. Magnetization data analysis shows that the proposed new magnetic states have a strong uniaxial anisotropy along the c‐axis, forming an Ising‐type magnetic structure, where Tc is the ordering temperature for each magnetic layer. The characteristic slow relaxation, which exists only along the c‐axis but is absent along the ab plane, can be ascribed to interlayer coherent spin rotation and/or intralayer domain wall movement. The present results will stimulate further theoretical and experimental investigations for the prototypical magnetic structures, and their combination with the topological surface states may lead to exotic physical properties.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cyclization of Isatoic Anhydrides with Carbodiimides: Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Qin Ziqiang , Chang Wenxu , Li Jiazhu , Fan Ruoqian , Wu Xing , Guo Rongrong , Xie Xiangqi , Zhou Lanxin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, a nickel‐catalyzed decarboxylative cyclization of isatoic anhydrides with carbodiimides was developed. This protocol realized the direct introduction of carbodiimides into heterocyclic compounds under an in situ generated Ni(0) complex. Synthetically, this methodology provides a simplified and secure new approach for the preparation of 2‐imino‐2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones. The control experiments and DFT theoretical calculations indicated that the Ni(0)‐catalyzed process is of central importance to the entire transformation.magnified image
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines Bearing Oxindole Scaffolds via Annulation of in Situ Generated p‐Quinone Methides
Authors: Wang Junwei , Zhao Lei , Zhao Lin , Pan Xiang , Lv Cheng , Zhi Ying , Wang Ai , Zhao Kun , Hu Lihong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA diastereoselective [4+2] annulation reaction between in situ generated p‐quinone methides and isatin‐derived enoates has been developed. In the presence of manganese dioxide as an oxidant, a variety of tosylaminophenyl‐substituted p‐quinone methide intermediates can be readily generated in an in situ fashion. Without pre‐preparation of p‐QMs, this unprecedented cascade reaction proceeds efficiently under mild conditions, providing a straightforward route to synthesize 4‐phenyl‐substituted tetrahydroquinolines bearing 3,3’‐spirooxindole scaffolds in good yields.magnified image
Tracking the Influence of Thermal Expansion and Oxygen Vacancies on the Thermal Stability of Ni‐Rich Layered Cathode Materials
Authors: Lee Eunkang , Muhammad Shoaib , Kim Taewhan , Kim Hyunchul , Lee Wontae , Yoon Won‐Sub 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ever‐growing demand for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries in portable electronics and electric vehicles has triggered intensive research efforts over the past decade. An efficient strategy to boost the energy and power density of lithium‐ion batteries is to increase the Ni content in the cathode materials. However, a higher Ni content in the cathode materials gives rise to safety issues. Herein, thermal expansion and oxygen vacancies are proposed as new critical factors that affect the thermal stability of charged Ni‐rich cathode materials based on a systematic synchrotron‐based X‐ray study of Li0.33Ni0.5+xCo0.2Mn0.3‐xO2 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2) cathode materials during a heating process. Charged cathode materials with higher Ni contents show larger thermal expansion, which accelerates transition metal migration to the Li layers. Oxygen vacancies are formed and accumulate mainly around Ni ions until the layered‐to‐spinel phase transition begins. The oxygen vacancies also facilitate transition metal migration to the Li layers. Thermal expansion and the presence of oxygen vacancies decrease the energy barrier for cation migration and facilitate the phase transitions in charged cathode materials during the heating process. These results provide valuable guidance for developing new cathode materials with improved safety characteristics.