bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiating clinical and non‐clinical depression: a heuristic study offering a template for extension studies
Authors: Parker G. , Tavella G. , Ricciardi T. , Hadzi‐Pavlovic D. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo differentiate clinical and non‐clinical depression via a set of symptoms.MethodsA sample of 140 patients attending a clinical service for those with mood disorders together with 40 subjects denying ever experiencing a clinical episode of depression were compared, with participants completing a questionnaire capturing many symptoms of depression as well as illness correlates.ResultsA latent class analysis of symptom data identified two classes and with class assignment corresponding strongly with initial clinical vs. non‐clinical assignment. Univariate analyses identified the extent to which individual symptoms contributed to differentiation. Study data suggested DSM criteria that would benefit from re‐writing or of reassignment. Two models for classifying clinical depression were generated. The first involved individuals feeling hopeless and also being suicidal or at risk of self‐harm. The second involved a symptom set corresponding to DSM‐5 criteria but with only five making significant independent contributions to diagnostic differentiation.ConclusionThe study is heuristic in offering a strategy for more precisely differentiating clinical and non‐clinical depression in more representative samples, so allowing resolution of key features, and determining whether a monothetic or polythetic diagnostic symptom criterion model is optimal.
Enhancing food security through diet quality: The role of nonfarm work in rural India
Authors: D'Souza Alwin , Mishra Ashok K. , Hirsch Stefan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIndia has achieved food security at the macro level. However, at the micro level, the country still struggles with extensive problems of food nutrition insecurity. In this paper, we assess the impact of nonfarm income and nonfarm work status (casual and full‐time nonfarm work) of operator, spouses, and couples on the diet quality of smallholder households in India. We find that nonfarm income decreases the likelihood of farming household being in the poor‐diet quality group by 31% and the medium‐diet quality group by 3%. Full‐time nonfarm work by operators and spouses decreases the likelihood of farming households being in the poor‐diet quality group by 3% and 9%, respectively. Finally, national programs like public food distribution programs increase the probability of rural farming households in the poor‐diet quality group. Findings from this study underscore the importance of nonfarm income and full‐time nonfarm work in improving diet quality of rural Indian households.
Eight‐year‐old very and extremely preterm children showed more difficulties in performance intelligence than verbal intelligence
Authors: van Veen Sarit , van Wassenaer‐Leemhuis Aleid G. , Oosterlaan Jaap , van Kaam Anton H. , Aarnoudse‐Moens Cornelieke S. H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThis study determined possible discrepancies between verbal IQ and performance IQ in 8‐year‐old very preterm (VPT) and extremely preterm (EPT) children, and examined associations between verbal IQ and performance IQ, and sociodemographic factors, perinatal factors, early cognitive outcomes and also with school achievement scores.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 120 eight‐year‐old VPT/EPT children. Cognitive development was assessed at the ages of 2, 5 and 8 years. Eight years’ school achievement results in arithmetic, reading and spelling were collected. Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine predictors of verbal IQ and performance IQ at the age of 8 years and to determine associations with school achievement scores.ResultsMean performance IQ (89.8) was significantly lower than mean verbal IQ (99.4; Cohen's d = 0.59) at the age of 8 years. Gestational age (GA), small for GA status, and cognitive scores at the ages of 2 and 5 years significantly predicted verbal IQ and performance IQ at the age of 8 years. Performance IQ at age 8 years was an important predictor for arithmetic scores (β = 0.42).ConclusionPerformance IQ was more strongly affected than verbal IQ in 8‐year‐old VPT/EPT children and was strongly related to mathematical difficulties.
Cyclical Evolution of the Global Right
Authors: Chase‐Dunn Christopher , Grimes Peter , Anderson Eugene N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn understanding of the current right‐wing national and transnational social movements can benefit from comparing them to the global and national conditions operating during their last appearance in the first half of the twentieth century and by carefully comparing twentieth‐century fascism with the neofascist and right‐wing populist movements that have been emerging in the twenty‐first century. This allows us to assess the similarities and differences, and to gain insights about what could be the consequences of the reemergence of populist nationalism and fascist movements. Our study uses the comparative evolutionary world‐systems perspective to study the Global Right from 1800 to the present. We see fascism as a form of capitalism that emerges when the capitalist project is in crisis. World historical waves of right‐wing populism and fascism are caused by the cycles of globalization and deglobalization, the rise and fall of hegemonic core powers, long business cycles (the Kondratieff wave), and interactions with both Centrist Liberalism and the Global Left. We consider how crises of the global capitalist system have produced right‐wing backlashes in the past, and how a future terminal crisis of capitalism could lead to a reemergence of a new form of authoritarian global governance or a reorganized global democracy in the future.
Improvements in organ donation: Riding the coattails of a national tragedy
Authors: Goldberg David , Lynch Raymond 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe US organ donation system has received attention from the highest levels of government. It has been debated whether increased donation is attributable solely to the opioid epidemic, or to broader performance improvements of the 58 OPOs. We evaluated Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) data of all deceased donors from 1/1/2009 to 12/31/2018. We hierarchically created four categories: (a) donor's mechanism of death coded as “drug intoxication” by the OPO; or donor coded as another mechanism of death but his/her history noted (b) intravenous drug use, (c) non‐intravenous drug use (eg, snorting), or (d) no drug use. The first three categories were grouped as “drug‐related.” In 2018, there were 2700 more deceased donors than 2009. While the number of donors dying from a non–drug‐related death decreased by 52, the number of drug‐related deaths increased by 2752 (102% of increase from 2018 vs 2009). While there have been improvements in performance at some OPOs, based on these data it is indisputable that nationally the increased number of donors is almost wholly attributable to the drug epidemic, and reflects the byproduct of a national tragedy, rather than an improved system to be celebrated.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of extra‐salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Kapatia Gargi , Rajasekaran Sangamitra , Rohilla Manish , Gupta Parikshaa , Gupta Nalini , Srinivasan Radhika , Rajwanshi Arvind , Saikia Uma Nahar , Dey Pranab 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionAdenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a ubiquitous tumour which can occur in several sites of the human body. Commonly, it affects the salivary glands but also can rarely occur in various extra‐salivary locations.AimTo study the clinical and cytological features of extra‐salivary ACC on fine needle aspiration cytology.MethodsIn this paper, we included 27 patients with extra‐salivary ACC on fine needle aspiration cytology over a period of 5.5 years. The complete cytomorphological spectrum of extra‐salivary ACC was studied.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 50.2 years, with age ranging between 14 and 80 years. Male to female ratio was 1:1.7 with 17 females and 10 males. The most frequent primary site was the orbit, and the most frequent sites of metastasis were liver and lung.ConclusionCytopathologists should be alert about the full range of location as well as the cytological spectrum of extra‐salivary ACC for greater precision in diagnosis and prompt treatment.
Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in Japanese patients with inadequately controlled type 1 diabetes (DEPICT‐5): 52‐week results from a randomized, open‐label, phase III clinical trial
Authors: Araki Eiichi , Watada Hirotaka , Uchigata Yasuko , Tomonaga Osamu , Fujii Hitomi , Ohashi Hiroshi , Okabe Tadashi , Asano Michiko , Thoren Fredrik , Kim Hyosung , Yajima Toshitaka , Langkilde Anna Maria 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo investigate the safety and tolerability of 5 and 10 mg dapagliflozin added to insulin therapy over 52 weeks in Japanese patients with inadequately controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Materials and methodsThis randomized, open‐label, parallel‐group, multicentre phase III clinical trial was conducted from October 26, 2015 to June 15, 2017. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of adverse events such as hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis. Secondary endpoints included changes in glycaemic parameters, total daily insulin dosage and body weight over time. The efficacy of dapagliflozin in patients stratified by body mass index (BMI) <25.0 and ≥25.0 kg/m2 was evaluated in a subgroup analysis.ResultsIn total, 151 patients received 5 mg (n = 76) or 10 mg (n = 75) dapagliflozin once daily for 52 weeks. Adverse events were observed in 88.2% and 73.3% of patients in the 5 and 10 mg dapagliflozin groups, respectively. Severe hypoglycaemia was reported in 2.6% (n = 2) and 6.7% (n = 5) of patients, and diabetic ketoacidosis in 2.6% (n = 2) and 1.3% (n = 1) of patients in the 5 and 10 mg dapagliflozin groups, respectively. The adjusted mean (95% confidence interval) changes in glycated haemoglobin at week 52 were −0.33% (−0.50, −0.15) and −0.36% (−0.53, −0.18) in the 5 and 10 mg dapagliflozin groups, respectively. There were no differences in efficacy parameters when stratified by BMI.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the long‐term safety and tolerability of dapagliflozin added to insulin therapy in Japanese patients with inadequately controlled T1DM.
Evaluation of serious game for changing students' behaviour in bullying situation
Authors: Kolić‐Vehovec Svjetlana , Smojver‐Ažić Sanja , Martinac Dorčić Tamara , Rončević Zubković Barbara 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study was to test the effectiveness of a serious game in improving the helping behaviours of bystanders in bullying situations by using a multimethod approach. Students (N=345, aged 12 to 14) participated in an experimental study with one experimental and two control groups. Before and after playing the game, all students completed an online questionnaire about their knowledge, experiences and behaviours related to bullying, and their behaviours in everyday social situations. For the experimental group, players' reactions during game‐play were recorded. Results showed that students' social behaviour displayed before gaming experience determined their playing activities. Besides, most of the students who declared in pre‐test that they do not help the victim, although they think they should, chose helping behaviour in all bullying situations in by stander role in the game. Results indicate weak positive effect of the game on students' behavioural choices.
Medial calcification in the arterial wall of smooth muscle cell‐specific Smpd1 transgenic mice: A ceramide‐mediated vasculopathy
Authors: Bhat Owais M. , Yuan Xinxu , Cain Chad , Salloum Fadi N. , Li Pin‐Lan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractArterial medial calcification (AMC) is associated with crystallization of hydroxyapatite in the extracellular matrix and arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) leading to reduced arterial compliance. The study was performed to test whether lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase (murine gene code: Smpd1)‐derived ceramide contributes to the small extracellular vesicle (sEV) secretion from SMCs and consequently leads to AMC. In Smpd1trg/SMcre mice with SMC‐specific overexpression of Smpd1 gene, a high dose of Vit D (500 000 IU/kg/d) resulted in increased aortic and coronary AMC, associated with augmented expression of RUNX2 and osteopontin in the coronary and aortic media compared with their littermates (Smpd1trg/SMwt and WT/WT mice), indicating phenotypic switch. However, amitriptyline, an acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) inhibitor, reduced calcification and reversed phenotypic switch. Smpd1trg/SMcre mice showed increased CD63, AnX2 and ALP levels in the arterial wall, accompanied by reduced co‐localization of lysosome marker (Lamp‐1) with multivesicular body (MVB) marker (VPS16), a parameter for lysosome‐MVB interaction. All these changes related to lysosome fusion and sEV release were substantially attenuated by amitriptyline. Increased arterial stiffness and elastin disorganization were found in Smpd1trg/SMcre mice as compared to their littermates. In cultured coronary arterial SMCs (CASMCs) from Smpd1trg/SMcre mice, increased Pi concentrations led to markedly increased calcium deposition, phenotypic change and sEV secretion compared with WT CASMCs, accompanied by reduced lysosome‐MVB interaction. However, amitriptyline prevented these changes in Pi‐treated CASMCs. These data indicate that lysosomal ceramide plays a critical role in phenotype change and sEV release in SMCs, which may contribute to the arterial stiffness during the development of AMC.
N‐acetylcysteine prevents oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐induced reduction of MG53 and enhances MG53 protective effect on bone marrow stem cells
Authors: Li Xin , Jiang Meng , Tan Tao , Narasimhulu Chandrakala A. , Xiao Yuan , Hao Hong , Cui Yuqi , Zhang Jia , Liu Lingjuan , Yang Chunlin , Li Yixi , Ma Jianjie , Verfaillie Catherine M. , Parthasarathy Sampath , Zhu Hua , Liu Zhenguo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMG53 is an important membrane repair protein and partially protects bone marrow multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) against oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL). The present study was to test the hypothesis that the limited protective effect of MG53 on MAPCs was due to ox‐LDL‐induced reduction of MG53. MAPCs were cultured with and without ox‐LDL (0‐20 μg/mL) for up to 48 hours with or without MG53 and antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine (NAC). Serum MG53 level was measured in ox‐LDL‐treated mice with or without NAC treatment. Ox‐LDL induced significant membrane damage and substantially impaired MAPC survival with selective inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. NAC treatment effectively prevented ox‐LDL‐induced reduction of Akt phosphorylation without protecting MAPCs against ox‐LDL. While having no effect on Akt phosphorylation, MG53 significantly decreased ox‐LDL‐induced membrane damage and partially improved the survival, proliferation and apoptosis of MAPCs in vitro. Ox‐LDL significantly decreased MG53 level in vitro and serum MG53 level in vivo without changing MG53 clearance. NAC treatment prevented ox‐LDL‐induced MG53 reduction both in vitro and in vivo. Combined NAC and MG53 treatment significantly improved MAPC survival against ox‐LDL. These data suggested that NAC enhanced the protective effect of MG53 on MAPCs against ox‐LDL through preventing ox‐LDL‐induced reduction of MG53.
Celastrol exerts anti‐inflammatory effect in liver fibrosis via activation of AMPK‐SIRT3 signalling
Authors: Wang Yuqin , Li Chunling , Gu Jingya , Chen Chang , Duanmu Jiaxin , Miao Jing , Yao Wenjuan , Tao Jinhua , Tu Mengjue , Xiong Biao , Zhao Lingling , Liu Zhaoguo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCelastrol, a pentacyclic tritepene extracted from Tripterygium Wilfordi plant, showing potent liver protection effects on several liver‐related diseases. However, the anti‐inflammatory potential of celastrol in liver fibrosis and the detailed mechanisms remain uncovered. This study was to investigate the anti‐inflammatory effect of celastrol in liver fibrosis and to further reveal mechanisms of celastrol‐induced anti‐inflammatory effects with a focus on AMPK‐SIRT3 signalling. Celastrol showed potent ameliorative effects on liver fibrosis both in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and in fibrotic liver. Celastrol remarkably suppressed inflammation in vivo and inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors in vitro. Interestingly, celastrol increased SIRT3 promoter activity and SIRT3 expression both in fibrotic liver and in activated HSCs. Furthermore, SIRT3 silencing evidently ameliorated the anti‐inflammatory potential of celastrol. Besides, we found that celastrol could increase the AMPK phosphorylation. Further investigation showed that SIRT3 siRNA decreased SIRT3 expression but had no obvious effect on phosphorylation of AMPK. In addition, inhibition of AMPK by employing compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) or AMPK1α siRNA significantly suppressed SIRT3 expression, suggesting that AMPK was an up‐stream protein of SIRT3 in liver fibrosis. We further found that depletion of AMPK significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of celastrol on inflammation. Collectively, celastrol attenuated liver fibrosis mainly through inhibition of inflammation by activating AMPK‐SIRT3 signalling, which makes celastrol be a potential candidate compound in treating or protecting against liver fibrosis.
Elusive Intentions
Authors: Grimes Katie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHow do we know what nations intend when they wage war? Scholars of the just war tradition have tended to assume that belligerent nations intend whatever their heads of state say they intend. But this confuses descriptions of intentions—only some of them sincere—with intentions themselves. In truth, intentions are much more action‐oriented and embodied than scholars have so far realized. Nor have scholars of the just war tradition adequately reckoned with the corporate character of national intentions. In order to remedy this, I draw upon the insights of both neuroscience and the scholarly subfield known as “cognitive sports psychology” in order to craft a robustly embodied and adequately corporate account of a nation’s wartime intentions. But we cannot simply plug this new understanding of intention into existing formulations of what qualifies as a just war. Assessments of national intentions will remain overly verbal and insufficiently corporate as long as scholars split war into the three phases ofjus ad bellum, jus in bello,andjus post bellum. Because intention is action‐oriented, we cannot know what a nation intends until it has acted; intention unfolds across all phases of war and therefore cannot be fully known until a war is finished.
Adaptive evolution of chestnut forests to the impact of ink disease in Spain
Authors: Alcaide Francisco , Solla Alejandro , Cherubini Marcello , Mattioni Claudia , Cuenca Beatriz , Camisón Álvaro , Martín M. Ángela 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhytophthora cinnamomi (Pc) is an extremely destructive soil‐borne pathogen of Asiatic origin responsible for “ink disease” in chestnut. This work assesses the adaptive potential to the impact of Pc of four Spanish populations of Castanea sativa undergoing different selection pressures. To explore the evolvability of C. sativa to Pc in the selected populations, parameters obtained from neutral and functional genetic diversity were compared with estimates of quantitative genetic variability. Nine expressed sequence tags‐simple sequence repeat (EST‐SSR) markers were selected and their transferability and polymorphism in 137 C. sativa individuals were evaluated. To test the potential of EST‐SSR markers for early selection of Pc tolerant plant material, the offspring of selected individuals were challenged with Pc. Expressed sequence tags‐simple sequence repeat markers and seedling life expectancy after Pc inoculation revealed significant different responses of C. sativa populations to Pc. The genetic variability observed within populations showed the potential response capacity of Spanish C. sativa populations to undergo fast adaptive evolution. The heritability value obtained for the “life expectancy” variable (h2 = 0.21 ± 0.11) indicated that selection for resistance to Pc is possible. Genetic patterns reflected two evolutionarily meaningful groupings of populations, corresponding to the different selective pressure of the oomycete between sites. The differentiation coefficient obtained through markers classified as under neutral selection (FST = 0.185) was lower than the quantitative genetic differentiation of “life expectancy” between C. sativa populations (QST = 0.682), providing evidence that selection acted spatially in a heterogeneous manner. A first link has been identified in trees between population structure and adaptive responses to pathogen‐induced selection. The study identified one marker under positive selection that could be used in marker assisted selection to predict resistance to Pc in non‐inoculated C. sativa trees.
Complications and outcome of cats with congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts treated with thin film: Thirty‐four cases (2008‐2017)
Authors: Valiente Paula , Trehy Mary , White Rob , Nelissen Pieter , Demetriou Jackie , Stanzani Giacomo , de la Puerta Benito 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundCongenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (CEHPSS) are rare in cats. Outcome after attenuation of CEHPSS with thin film has been described in a small number of cases.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical presentation, postoperative complications, and outcome of cats treated with thin film to attenuate CEHPSS.AnimalsThirty‐four cats with CEHPSS were identified from the database of 3 institutions over 9 years.MethodsRetrospective study. Medical records were reviewed to identify cats with a diagnosis of a CEHPSS that underwent surgical attenuation. Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts were suspected from clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, and diagnostic imaging, and confirmed at exploratory laparotomy. Cats treated with thin film band attenuation were included. Postoperative complications and follow‐up were recorded.ResultsComplications were recorded in 11 of 34 cats. Deaths related to CEHPSS occurred in 6 of 34; 4 cats did not survive to discharge. Persistent seizures were the cause of death in 4 cats. Seizures were recorded in 8 of 34 cats after surgery; all these cats received preoperative antiepileptic drugs. Serum bile acid concentrations normalized in 25 of 28 of the cats for which data was available. Three cats had persistently increased serum bile acid concentrations and underwent a second exploratory laparotomy. One had a patent shunt, the other 2 had multiple acquired portosystemic shunts. Median follow‐up was 8 months (0.5‐84 months).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCongenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts attenuation using thin film in cats carries a good short‐ and mid‐term prognosis if they survive the postoperative period. Seizures were the most common cause of death.
Common pool resources with support
Authors: Ansink Erik , Weikard Hans‐Peter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe examine the role of support for coalition stability in common pool resource games such as fisheries games. Some players may not want to join a coalition that jointly manages a resource. Still, because they benefit from spillovers, they may want to support the coalition with a transfer payment to set incentives for others to join. We find that the impact of support on equilibria of this game is limited to games with three or five players.Recommendations for Resource Managers

Coalitions may be able to effectively manage common pool resources such as fisheries but such coalitions are often not stable due to free‐rider incentives.
We explore the impact of a transfer scheme that can improve this coalition stability which would lead to larger and more effective coalitions.
Our results show that this new transfer scheme works only for cases where the number of players is small.