bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is anemia frequent in HIV/AIDS patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital?
Authors: Nauman Ismat Butt  , Nouman Tehseen  , Tashia Malik  , Aniqa Anser Tufail Khan Kakar  , Fahmina Ashfaq  , Ayesha Nouman  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: To determine the frequency of anaemia among patients with human immune-deficiency virus / acquire immunodeficiency syndrome.
Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional single-blind study was conducted at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from June 25 to December 25, 2016, and comprised human immune-deficiency virus / acquire immunodeficiency syndrome patients diagnosed at least 3 months earlier.. Demographic information was obtained along with sample of patient’s blood for haemoglobin level estimation. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin <13 g/dL in males and <12 g/dL in females. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
Results: Of the 230 patients, 100(43.7%) were females and 130(56.5%) were males. The overall mean age was 37.99+/-14.48 years. The mean haemoglobin level was 11.08±2.44 g/dl; 113(49.1%) 8-12 g/dl, 26(11.3%) <8g/dl, and 91(39.6%) >12g/dl. Overall, 152(66.1%) patients were anaemic and 78(33.9%) were normal. Age and socioeconomic status were significantly associated with anaemia status (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Anaemia was a common finding among human immune-deficiency virus / acquire immunodeficiency syndrome patients.
Key Words: HIV/AIDS, Anaemia.
Continuous...
Factors associated with the quality of antenatal care (ANC) services use in Bahawalpur
Authors: Rana Ejaz Ali Khan  , Tusawar Iftikhar Ahmad  , Sara Noreen  , Aymen Ejaz  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2016 to February 2017 with the aim to examine the factors affecting the quality of antenatal care (ANC) services being used in Bahawalpur district.
Data was collected using the Stratified cluster sampling technique from 1,650 married women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who had given birth to at least one child in four preceding years. Information regarding socioeconomic aspects and the ANC services used during pregnancy were recorded through interviews. The quality of ANC services being used was measured through constructing an index.
The results from multivariate ordered logistic regression analysis revealed that longer birth interval, gender of the eldest child (female), birth order of the child (as first or second child), number of living sons, the woman’s knowledge about complications of pregnancy, her prior history of neonatal mortality, her socioeconomic empowerment, and Continuous...
Cartelería publicitaria en la ciudad de Asunción, y los efectos en el medio ambiente urbano
Authors: Ayala Rodríguez Jessica Jazmín , Aparicio Meza María José 
Published: October 2020

La cartelería publicitaria en sitios urbanos puede convertirse en un contaminante visual con efectos variados sobre el ambiente y las personas. En este estudio se describió el efecto ambiental percibido por parte de la población en las zonas con mayor dinámica de cartelería publicitaria. El estudio es cuali-cuantitativo, no experimental, transeccional y exploratorio-descriptivo. Para el estudio se definieron dos sitios de muestreo sobre intersecciones de avenidas principales de la capital que mostraron mayor cantidad de carteles habilitados en el periodo 2014-2016. En cada punto se
realizó observación y se incluyó la percepción de pobladores, transeúntes, informantes clave y calificados. Algunos de los .efectos ambientales negativos más mencionados fueron tala de árboles para la colocación de carteles y afectación de la imagen de la ciudad de Asunción como una ciudad sostenible. Se concluye que la presencia de cartelería publicitaria puede ocasionar daños ambientales en los entornos urbanos donde se encuentra inserta.
El Hábitat de los trabajadores rurales itinerantes en la Provincia de La Rioja, Argentina, Año: 2018
Authors: Alfonso Daniel Nicolás 
Published: October 2020

En el trabajo de investigación se analizaron las tipologías de vivienda disponibles en plaza con el fin de servir como base teórica para futuros proyectos urbano arquitectónicos que respondan adecuadamente al clima de la provincia de La Rioja y al perfil sociocultural del trabajador rural itinerante, conocido como “trabajador golondrina”.
Se relevaron y analizaron los lugares que albergan temporariamente a los trabajadores golondrina, con el objetivo de reflejar la realidad habitacional en la que actualmente viven describiendo la complejidad del tema en cuestión con el fin de que sirva como base para propuestas superadoras e innovadoras, creativas y eficientes en futuros proyectos urbano arquitectónicos pensados para mejorar la calidad de vida de los trabajadores rurales en la provincia, fomentando a su vez, la interrelación con los vecinos de cada región; sin que esto interfiera en los intereses y justas ganancias de empresas y fincas.
Inter-calibrating SMMR brightness temperatures over continental surfaces
Authors: Favrichon Samuel , Jimenez Carlos , Prigent Catherine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Microwave remote sensing can be used to monitor the time evolution of
some key parameters over land, such as land surface temperature or
surface water extent. Observations are made with instruments, such as
the Scanning Microwave Multichannel Radiometer (SMMR) before 1987, the
Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and the subsequent Special
Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) from 1987 and still
operating, and the more recent Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager (GMI). As these instruments differ on some of their
characteristics and use different calibration schemes, they need to be
inter-calibrated before long-time-series products can be derived from
the observations. Here an inter-calibration method is designed to
remove major inconsistencies between the SMMR and other microwave
radiometers for the 18 and 37 GHz channels over continental
surfaces. Because of a small overlap in observations and a
∼6 h difference in overpassing times between SMMR and
SSM/I, GMI was chosen as a reference despite the lack of a common
observing period. The diurnal cycles from 3 years of GMI
brightness temperatures are first calculated and then used to
evaluate SMMR differences. Based on a statistical analysis of the
differences, a simple linear correction is implemented to calibrate
SMMR on GMI. This correction is shown to also reduce the biases
between SMMR and SSM/I, and can then be applied to SMMR observations
to make them more coherent with existing data records of microwave
brightness temperatures over continental surfaces.
Tien jaar Nederlands Register Gerechtelijke Deskundigen
Authors: Sackers H.J.B. 
Published: October 2020

Tien jaar Nederlands Register Gerechtelijke Deskundigen
In 2020 bestond de Wet deskundige in strafzaken tien jaar. Aan de hand van recent evaluatieonderzoek is bezien of deze wet, en het door deze wet geïntroduceerde Nederlands Register Gerechtelijke Deskundigen aan de doelstellingen hebben voldaan.
Samenwerkingsverbanden en de strafrechtspleging
Authors: Luchtman M.J.J.P. 
Published: October 2020

Samenwerkingsverbanden en de strafrechtspleging
Het wetsvoorstel ‘Gegevensuitwisseling in samenwerkingsverbanden’ beoogt kaders te bieden voor de multilaterale samenwerking tussen strafrechtelijke, bestuursrechtelijke en privaatrechtelijke actoren ter bestrijding van ongewenste maatschappelijke fenomenen, waaronder de bestrijding van fraude. Het voorstel richt zich uitsluitend op de normering van de gegevensverwerking die onder de vlag van die samenwerkingsverbanden plaatsvindt. In dit artikel wordt betoogd dat die benadering te beperkt is. Dat wordt geïllustreerd met een analyse van de mogelijke gevolgen van het voorstel voor de verdedigingsrechten en het bewijsrecht, in het bijzonder het leerstuk van het onrechtmatig verkregen bewijs.
Proximate and Microbiological Quality of Roasted Plantain, Its Sauce, Fish and Side Vegetable Sold in Rivers State University and Its Environment
Authors: Chisa Obinna-Echem, Patience , Christian Eze, Simeon 
Published: October 2020

The proximate composition and microbiological quality of roasted plantain, its sauce, fish and side vegetable sold in River State University and its environment were investigated. The samples were purchased from four different locations namely staff club (SCL), shopping complex (SHC), back-gate (BGT) and maingate (MGT). Using standard methods, the samples were analyzed for proximate and microbiological quality. The values for moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fibre, fat and carbohydrate were 53.30 - 57.22 %, 2.94 - 3.73 %, 9.26 - 10.13 %, 2.34 - 3.67 %, 11.62 - 13.41 %, and 15.42-20.07 % respectively. The energy varied from 206.76-229.93 kcal/100g. For all the samples from all locations, aerobic count varied from 5.31 - 7.98 Log10CFU/g for plantain and fish. Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus ranged from 4.06 - 7.42, 5.48 - 7.41 and 5.31 -7.90 Log10CFU/g respectively, while Coliform and fungi count varied respectively from 5.01 - 7.57 and 5.01 - 7.33 Log10CFU/g. The leave had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) the highest microbial load. The microbial load exceeded the acceptable limits for ready to eat foods and can be attributed to poor hygiene practices. Some samples except the leave had no detectable levels of the pathogens and fungi. The presence of pathogens indicates potential hazard to the health of consumers, hence the need awareness on proper handling and hygiene practices among street food vendors.
Measles in pregnancy: Maternal morbidity and perinatal outcome
Authors: Ali M. Elamin , Albar H.M 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: In this article, we studied the maternal morbidity and the perinatal outcome of 40 women who had measles in pregnancy and that was compared to 120 women who had pregnancy without measles and 37 women who had measles without pregnancy.Method: The medical records of all the case and control subjects were reviewed and significance was tested at the 5% level.Results: The 40 cases of measles with pregnancy had significantly more hospital admission for pneumonia and fever when compared to cases of measles with no pregnancy (P<0.001). The perinatal morbidity is significantly higher in cases of measles with pregnancy as expressed by the higher incidence of prematurity, neonatal hospital admission and length of stay in hospital (P<0.003,P<0.0005 andP<0.0001, respectively).Conclusion: Formulation of an appropriate strategy utilizing the available resources for measles vaccination is mandatory.
New once‐a‐month injectable contraceptives, with particular reference to Cyclofem®/Cyclo‐ProveraTM
Authors: Hall P.E 
Published: July 2002

AbstractOnce‐a‐month injectable contraceptives containing a progestogen and an estrogen have been developed that disrupt vaginal bleeding patterns less than the widely used progestogen‐only preparations. Pharmacokinetic studies were undertaken of dosages and ratios of the progestogens and the respective estrogens. In Phase III clinical trials, annual pregnancy rates were below 0.4% for Mesigyna® (norethisterone enanthate/estradiol valerate, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) and below 0.2% for Cyclofem® (MPA/E2C) (medroxyprogesterone acetate/estradiol cypionate, Aplicaciones Farmaceuticas, SA, Mexico and PT Tunggal, Indonesia). More than two‐thirds of women had predictable, regular cycles, and discontinuation due to bleeding‐related problems occurred less than half as often as with progestogen‐only injectables. With MPA/E2C, return to fertility is similar to that observed with other hormonal or intrauterine methods, and both products have little effect on lipids or hemostasis. Introductory trials of MPA/E2C in 12 000 women with 100 000 woman‐months of experience confirmed the high efficacy of the product in routine use. The use of Cyclofem in a non‐reusable injection device, Uniject® (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) is discussed. Once‐a‐month hormonal contraceptives have been shown to provide a safe contraceptive option for all women and an alternative for women who wish to use injectable formulations that cause less disruption in vaginal bleeding and minimal side effects.
Pushing the frontiers of science — the WHO/Rockefeller Foundation Initiative on implantation
Authors: Griffin P.D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractOne approach to fertility regulation for which there is still a large unmet need is a once‐a‐month method that can be taken at the end of the luteal phase as a menses‐inducer. Such a method would have a number of logistical and economic advantages for many women over other currently available methods. However, to be acceptable, menses‐inducers of this type must not produce disturbances in subsequent menstrual cycles that would lead to unpredictable menstrual patterns or advance or delay subsequent ovulations. A number of structural and functional factors associated with the cyclical development and demise of the endometrium and corpus luteum in fertile and infertile women have been identified and the opportunity is now presented for interfering with implantation by disrupting the function of these factors at the local level in these tissues without systemic involvement or prolonged activity. The Rockefeller Foundation and WHO are supporting six centers and investigators around the world, as an international collaborative research initiative, to investigate the molecular biology of these factors and the effect on fertility of their manipulation. It is intended that promising leads identified and selected in this way will be developed into new products with industry.
NGF but not GDNF or neurturin enhance acetylcholine tissue levels in striatal organotypic brain slices
Authors: Fischer H.P. , Marksteiner J. , Ransmayr G. , Saria A. , Humpel C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTrophic factors play important roles in survival and nerve fiber growth of cholinergic interneurons in the striatum in vivo and in vitro. In this study an organotypic slice model was used to investigate the effects of nerve growth factor and the novel factors glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin as well as other trophic factors on the striatal acetylcholine tissue levels. During culturing over 2 weeks acetylcholine tissue levels markedly decreased, representing degeneration of cholinergic neurons. When striatal slices were cultured for 2 weeks in the presence of 100 ng\ml nerve growth factor tissue levels of acetylcholine and the expression of choline acetyltransferase‐like immunoreactivity and mRNA, as well as the muscarinic M2 autoreceptor mRNA were markedly enhanced compared to slices cultured without or with 10 ng\ml nerve growth factor. A single administration of nerve growth factor had no effect on acetylcholine tissue levels suggesting that nerve growth factor does not directly increase acetylcholine synthesis. All other trophic factors (glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor, neurturin, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin‐3 and ‐4\5, fibroblast growth factor‐2, insulin like growth factor‐I) had no effects on acetylcholine tissue levels. Thus, the organotypic slice model is a suitable system to study the effects of trophic factors and it is concluded that nerve growth factor selectively enhances acetylcholine tissue levels, indicating protection of cholinergic interneurons in the dorsal striatum.
Information conveyed by seasoned security offerings: evidence from components of the bid–ask spread
Authors: Brooks Raymond M , Patel Ajay 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe examine the relationship between the degree of informational asymmetry surrounding a firm and the equity market's reaction to a firm's announcement to sell seasoned securities. We use the adverse‐selection component of the bid–ask spread as a proxy for the informational asymmetry of a firm. For equity offers, we find that the greater the change in information asymmetry at announcement, the greater the decline in wealth. In addition, the largest decline in wealth for seasoned equity announcements is observed for firms with the largest level of pre‐event adverse‐selection components. For debt offers, the wealth decline is only significant for firms with the largest pre‐event levels of asymmetric information.
Portfolio rebalancing, institutional ownership, and the small firm‐January effect
Authors: Porter David C. , Powell Gary E. , Weaver Daniel G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe use monthly reported firm share ownership by institutions to provide direct evidence that portfolio rebalancing exists in the U.S. We find rebalancing exists in sufficient size to affect prices around the turn‐of‐the‐year and conclude that portfolio rebalancing may be a substantial part of the small firm‐January effect in the U.S. The findings are more important than simply evidence leading to the resolution of an anomaly since they cast doubt on our current asset pricing models and on previous efficient markets studies. The findings also suggest that investor's asset allocations may not be optimally determined without the inclusion of a portfolio rebalancing parameter.
The impact of dealer failures on primary dealers and on the market for repurchase agreements
Authors: Whyte Ann Marie 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study examines the impact of the failures of government securities dealers and the eventual passage of the Government Securities Act (GSA) of 1986 on the stock prices of primary dealers and on repo rates. Results provide evidence that several failures elicited a negative stock market reaction although the results vary based on the type of dealer. The study provides evidence that average spreads in the repo market were significantly affected by several events although the direction of the change in spread varied. Additionally, there is evidence that the events surrounding the GSA's passage had a positive impact on bank dealers and elicited a mixed reaction in the repo market.
The HEART FAILURE Journal Club: a review of publications on heart failure in American Heart Journal
Authors: Martin Jennifer , Krum Henry 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe following paper reviews the heart failure literature that has been published by the American Heart Journal over the last year. Specifically the literature has been divided up into the areas of epidemiology, pathophysiology, autonomic function, neuroendocrine activation, exercise, imaging, surgery, pharmacological therapies and prognosis.
Perceived benefit after participating in positive or negative / neutral heart failure trials: the patients' perspective
Authors: Yuval Rita , Uziel Klari , Gordon Nomi , Merdler Amnon , Khader Nader , Karkabi Basheer , Flugelman Moshe Y. , Halon David A. , Lewis Basil S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:Clinical trials, the gold standard for the evaluation of new therapeutic strategies, may prove a drug to be beneficial, harmful or neutral according to its effect on the end‐point(s) under study.Aims:To study the reaction and perspective of the patients participating in a clinical heart failure trial, particularly in relation to whether the trial subsequently proved to be positive, negative or neutral.Methods:Anonymous self‐completed questionnaire was sent to 78 and returned by 70 consecutive patients 1–6 months after participating in six clinical heart failure trials. The trial was neutral or negative regarding the primary end‐point in four (47 patients) of the six studies (MACH‐1 trial of mibefradil, REACH trial of bosentan, CASCO trial of calcium sensitizer, ecadotril trial of neutral endopeptidase inhibitor) and positive in two (23 patients) (ICARUS Israel carvedilol study, exercise study of candesartan cilexetil).Results:Most patients reported subjective global clinical benefit (78% for positive, 74% for negative or neutral trial, NS) after participating in a clinical trial. After adjustment for age, sex, level of education, previous research, perceived comprehension, and treatment allocation (active drug/placebo) in a stepwise regression model, perceived global improvement was greater in older patients (P ‐ 0.02), after participation in a positive trial (P ‐ 0.05) and in females (P ‐ 0.07). The major reason given by the patient for perceived clinical improvement was better follow‐up, some believed it was due to change in medication, particularly those who had participated in a positive trial.Conclusions:More than 70% of patients participating in clinical trials of new drugs for heart failure reported perceived global improvement. Clinical improvement was greater in, but not limited to, patients who participated in positive trials. These salutary findings support the continued recruitment of patients to clinical heart failure trials.
Exercise‐induced ST‐elevation is related to left ventricular dysfunction but not to myocardial viability in patients with healed myocardial infarction
Authors: Manrique Alain , Koning René , Hitzel Anne , Cribier Alain , Véra Pierre 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:Exercise‐induced ST‐segment elevation was proposed as a marker of myocardial viability after a recent myocardial infarction.Aims:The aim of this study was to evaluate whether exercise‐induced ST segment elevation is related to viability or to left ventricular dysfunction in patients with history of old Q wave myocardial infarction.Methods:Fifty patients (43 men, age 57±11 years) were studied 31±49 months after a Q wave myocardial infarction. They all underwent stress, reinjection‐redistribution, and late redistribution Tl‐201 SPECT, completed by equilibrium radionuclide angiography. Viability was defined by defect reversibility or significant (>60%) persistent Tl‐201 uptake in dyssinergic segments on late redistribution SPECT. Relative post‐exercise and reinjection‐redistribution LV volumes were calculated using validated software (QGS).Results:Twenty‐one out of 50 patients (42%, G1) had significant stress‐induced ST‐elevation (>1 mm 80 ms after J point in at least 2 ECG leads with Q wave), and 29/50 (58%, G2) did not. Seventeen out of 50 patients (34%) demonstrated myocardial viability on late redistribution scan. The diagnostic accuracy of exercise‐induced ST‐elevation was only 52% for viability assessment. Significant LVEF reduction and increased relative LV volumes were observed in G1 compared to G2 (LVEF: 39±10% vs. 49±11%, P‐0.003; post‐stress LV volume: 134±98 ml vs. 81±41 ml, P<0.02; reinjection‐redistribution LV volume: 123±86 ml vs. 79±40 ml; P<0.02). Perfusion defects were similar in G1 and G2 (post‐exercise: 38±12% vs. 37±14%, ns; reinjection‐redistribution: 31±11% vs. 30±11%, ns; late redistribution: 30±10% vs. 28±11%, ns).Conclusion:These results suggest that, in patients with history of myocardial infarction, exercise‐induced ST‐segment elevation is not related to persistent myocardial viability but is associated to left ventricular dysfunction.