bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic groups in England are at increased risk of death from COVID-19: indirect standardisation of NHS mortality data
Authors: Aldridge Robert W. , Lewer Dan , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Mathur Rohini , Pathak Neha , Burns Rachel , Fragaszy Ellen B. , Johnson Anne M. , Devakumar Delan , Abubakar Ibrahim , Hayward Andrew 
Published: June 2020

Background: International and UK data suggest that Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups are at increased risk of infection and death from COVID-19. We aimed to explore the risk of death in minority ethnic groups in England using data reported by NHS England. Methods: We used NHS data on patients with a positive COVID-19 test who died in hospitals in England published on 28th April, with deaths by ethnicity available from 1st March 2020 up to 5pm on 21 April 2020. We undertook indirect standardisation of these data (using the whole population of England as the reference) to produce ethnic specific standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) adjusted for age and geographical region. Results: The largest total number of deaths in minority ethnic groups were Indian (492 deaths) and Black Caribbean (460 deaths) groups. Adjusting for region we found a lower risk of death for White Irish (SMR 0.52; 95%CIs 0.45-0.60) and White British ethnic groups (0.88; 95%CIs 0.86-0.0.89), but increased risk of death for Black African (3.24; 95%CIs 2.90-3.62), Black Caribbean (2.21; 95%CIs 2.02-2.41), Pakistani (3.29; 95%CIs 2.96-3.64), Bangladeshi (2.41; 95%CIs 1.98-2.91) and Indian (1.70; 95%CIs 1.56-1.85) minority ethnic groups. Conclusion: Our analysis adds to the evidence that BAME people are at increased risk of death from COVID-19 even after adjusting for geographical region, but was limited by the lack of data on deaths outside of NHS settings and ethnicity denominator data being based on the 2011 census. Despite these limitations, we believe there is an urgent need to take action to reduce the risk of death for BAME groups and better understand why some ethnic groups experience greater risk. Actions that are likely to reduce these inequities include ensuring adequate income protection, reducing occupational risks, reducing barriers in accessing healthcare and providing culturally and linguistically appropriate public health communications.
Cortrak feeding tube placement: interpretation agreement of the ‘GI flexure’ system versus X-ray
Authors: Taylor Stephen J , Manara Alex , Brown Jules , Allan Kaylee , Clemente Rowan , Toher Deirdre 
Published: June 2020

Background: Blind (unguided) feeding tube placement results in 0.5% of patients suffering major complications mainly due to lung misplacement detected prior to feeding. Electromagnet-guided (Cortrak) tube placement could pre-empt such complications but undetected misplacements still occur due to incorrect trace interpretation. By identifying gastrointestinal (GI) flexures from the trace, ‘the GI flexure system’, it has been proposed that tube position can be interpreted. Aims: To audit agreement between standards of interpreting tube position: the Cortrak ‘GI flexure’ system versus X-ray. Methods: In 185 primary nasointestinal tube placements tube position determined by Cortrak trace interpretation (GI flexure) was retrospectively compared with radiological position in a blinded study. Findings: Radiological and Cortrak interpretation agreed in 92.2–98.3% of placements at different GI flexures. Discrepancy mainly occurred because some radiological images were unclear or did not cover all anatomical points. Conclusion: The GI flexure method of Cortrak interpretation appears safe but would necessitate prospective radiological investigation to definitively test equivalence.
Biomechanical evaluation of locked plating fixation for unstable femoral neck fractures
Authors: Bliven E. , Sandriesser S. , Augat P. , von Rüden C. , Hackl S. 
Published: June 2020

AimsEvaluate if treating an unstable femoral neck fracture with a locking plate and spring-loaded telescoping screw system would improve construct stability compared to gold standard treatment methods.MethodsA 31B2 Pauwels’ type III osteotomy with additional posterior wedge was cut into 30 fresh-frozen femur cadavers implanted with either: three cannulated screws in an inverted triangle configuration (CS), a sliding hip screw and anti-rotation screw (SHS), or a locking plate system with spring-loaded telescoping screws (LP). Dynamic cyclic compressive testing representative of walking with increasing weight-bearing was applied until failure was observed. Loss of fracture reduction was recorded using a high-resolution optical motion tracking system.ResultsLP constructs demonstrated the highest mean values for initial stiffness and failure load. LP and SHS constructs survived on mean over 50% more cycles and to loads 450 N higher than CS. During the early stages of cyclic loading, mean varus collapse of the femoral head was 0.5° (SD 0.8°) for LP, 0.7° (SD 0.7°) for SHS, and 1.9° (SD 2.3°) for CS (p = 0.071). At 30,000 cycles (1,050 N) mean femoral neck shortening was 1.8 mm (SD 1.9) for LP, 2.0 mm (SD 0.9) for SHS, and 3.2 mm (SD 2.5) for CS (p = 0.262). Mean leg shortening at construct failure was 4.9 mm (SD 2.7) for LP, 8.9 mm (SD 3.2) for SHS, and 7.0 mm (SD 4.3) for CS (p = 0.046).ConclusionUse of the LP system provided similar (hip screw) or better (cannulated screws) biomechanical performance as the current gold standard methods suggesting that the LP system could be a promising alternative for the treatment of unstable fractures of the femoral neck. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(6):314–321.
Enhanced lasing behavior enabled by guided-mode resonance structure embedded with double waveguide layers
Authors: Wang Kangni , Cui Tao , Qian Linyong , Gao Kaige 
Published: June 2020

By doping a laser dye into two polyurethane layers in a guided-mode resonance (GMR) structure, we observed that the lasing emission can be enhanced by approximately fivefold. The structure comprises, from top to bottom, a grating layer, four alternating layers of polyurethane and

T

a

2

O

5

, and a bottom substrate. Two different GMR wavelengths can be generated because of the two films of

T

a

2

O

5

serving as waveguide layers. The enhancement of the lasing emission is achieved by matching both the absorption and emission wavelength of the laser dye with the two GMR wavelengths. When the absorption wavelength matches the GMR wavelength, the formation of high intensity near the polyurethane layer serves to efficiently excite the laser dye. Additionally, as the emission wavelength overlaps with the GMR wavelength, the extraction of lasing intensity can be further increased in the preferred directions owing to the high reflection efficiency and directivity of the GMR. Moreover, we found that the linewidth is reduced to approximately 1.06 nm, and the estimated threshold is approximately

0.92

m
J

/

c
m

2

when both excitation and extraction resonances occur in the waveguide structure.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Causing Induced Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Harris Kevin B. , Abou Saleh Mohannad , Rouphael Carol , Simons-Linares C. Roberto , Lindenmeyer Christina C. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Hypoxic hepatitis is a common cause of abnormal liver biochemistries in hospitalized patients. It is important clinicians maintain a high index of suspicion for diagnosis so that appropriate supportive therapies may be implemented in a timely manner. We present a rare case of takotsubo cardiomyopathy-induced hypoxic hepatitis and resultant acute liver failure in a patient after an intentional drug overdose. Once competing etiologies of acute liver failure were excluded and the diagnosis of hypoxic hepatitis was established, therapy was focused on the patient's cardiomyopathy in an effort to simultaneously improve her liver function.
Explorando el discurso de la prensa en torno a la defensa de los derechos humanos en el rescate del buque Aquarius
Authors: Martínez Lirola María 
Published: June 2020

Este artículo presenta un análisis crítico discursivo de una muestra de noticias de prensa publicadas en España en torno al rescate y la posterior llegada del buque Aquarius al puerto de Valencia. El corpus consiste en todas las noticias publicadas en la versión electrónica de los periódicos españoles El País, ABC, El Mundo y La Vanguardia desde el 10 de junio hasta el 10 de julio de 2018.
Como marco de análisis, se empleará la metodología del análisis crítico del discurso para deconstruir el discurso en torno a los derechos humanos que surge relacionado con el rescate y la llegada a España del buque Aquarius y las naves Orione y Dattilo. El análisis revela que los/as políticos/as y los miembros de ONG ofrecen un discurso de acogida a los inmigrantes sustentado en la defensa de los derechos humanos, pero se trata de un discurso efímero, que apenas dura unas semanas.
Disyuntivas en la construcción de la noción de niño
Authors: Carreño Manosalva Clara Inés 
Published: June 2020

En este artículo se plantea un diálogo entre diversas nociones de niño moderno. Para ello se toma la propuesta de Heather Montgomery (2009), quien sugiere que los niños son seres en acto y estado de transformación como cualquier otro sujeto. Desde esta perspectiva, se analiza y cuestiona su reconocimiento efectivo como productores de cultura en las diversas nociones que circulan sobre ellos. No obstante, se encuentra en este diálogo la ausencia de su participación y, por ello, la negación de su propia experiencia. El diálogo se centra entonces en las ideas que se producen y se tejen sobre ellos, en conflictivas relaciones de poder, en tanto proyectan sus atributos y debilidades como planteamientos fijos y unívocos, que se sitúan en tiempos, espacios y relaciones.
La lectura y la escritura a través de la cibernética social: herramientas creadoras de mundo para los jóvenes
Authors: Hernández Beatriz , García Carlos Guillermo , López Clara Inés 
Published: June 2020

Las reflexiones del presente artículo, se derivan de los planteamientos teóricos, metodológicos y los hallazgos de la investigación “Implementación de una estrategia pedagógica basada en la cibernética social para el mejoramiento de la comprensión lectora y la producción textual en el grado 11del colegio Fabio Lozano Simonelli, I.E.D.”[1]. El proyecto reconoce una problemática existente en la educación colombiana que se expresa en la baja comprensión lectora y la insuficiente producción textual de los estudiantes en los diferentes niveles educativos. Se configuró un marco teórico desde tres categorías, la primera la comprensión lectora, proceso cognitivo socialmente mediado que permite la interpretación y comprensión de la realidad. La segunda, la producción textual, una acción necesaria para comunicar y organizar el pensamiento y la tercera el Ciclo Cibernético de Transformación (CCT), estrategia para mejorar los procesos cognitivos, emocionales y operativos. La investigación se realizó en el marco de los enfoques cualitativos, por cuanto este enfoque, en la investigación en el aula de clase se sitúa en la comprensión y transformación de los sentidos, las prácticas y estrategias pedagógicas para mejorar los procesos del aprendizaje y la enseñanza, permite visibilizar a los sujetos, sus discursos, sus prácticas y sus posibilidades para construir alternativas educativas.
Hacer visible el pensamiento: alternativa para una evaluación para el aprendizaje
Authors: Morales María Yaned , Restrepo Uribe Ignacio 
Published: June 2020

Este artículo recoge reflexiones a partir de los resultados de la investigación titulada La Visibilización del Pensamiento una Herramienta Esencial en la Evaluación para el Aprendizaje, con base en los conceptos de evaluación para el aprendizaje, evaluación formativa, Enseñanza para la Comprensión y visibilización del pensamiento. Propuesta que se desarrolló desde lo cualitativo con un diseño de investigación acción y que lleva a establecer la necesidad de entender que la evaluación para el aprendizaje debe llevar al estudiante y al docente a hacer visible su pensamiento, a mejorar sus comprensiones, a lograr los objetivos propuestos, a tener en cuenta el punto de vista del estudiante, a generar procesos de retroalimentación y a fortalecer sus aprendizajes.
An overview of tools useful in the speech diagnosis of a child with intellectual disability
Authors: Szurek Mateusz 
Published: June 2020

Mateusz Szurek, An overview of tools useful in the speech diagnosis of a child with intellectual disability. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 27, Poznań 2019. Pp. 223–248. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. e-ISSN 2658-283X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.27.11
Object literature offers standards of diagnostic procedure for oligophasia. The book market still lacks, however, tools that would be developed for the purpose of logopaedic diagnoses of persons with intellectual disabilities (ID), which could fully assess the speech of a child with oligophasia. Presently, specialists utilise tools used for diagnosing other disorders or create their own research tools. The choice of relevant diagnostic tools, and, as a result – later result analysis, is a complex process mostly due to the great variation of functioning of persons with ID, and due to the lack of developed reference norms for the population of persons with ID (conclusions on language development in this group are by and large quite general, frequently formulated intuitively and without support by empirical studies). As a result, the author concluded an analysis of diagnostic tools available on the book market that could provide aid in the logopaedic assessment of a child with ID, stressing the need to create an original tool adapted for diagnosing the speech disorder of oligophasia.
Requirements for the teacher-therapist of persons with autism spectrum disorder – challenges for the new specialisation
Authors: Buława-Halasz Joanna 
Published: June 2020

Joanna Buława-Halasz, Requirements for the teacher-therapist of persons with autism spectrum disorder – challenges for the new specialisation. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 27, Poznań 2019. Pp. 335–349. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. e-ISSN 2658-283X. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.14746/ikps.2019.27.15
The text concerns the introduced standards for educating teachers-therapists of persons with autism spectrum disorder. This new specialisation in special pedagogy is meant to respond to the needs of autistic people, but its form is not fully responsive to real needs in this area.
ABRASION IN DERAWAN ISLAND (THE CAUSE AND THE PROPER SOLUTION)
Authors: Mujiono Dadang Ilham Kurniawan 
Published: June 2020

As an archipelago state, Indonesia globally famous with marine mega biodiversity. This country contribute the largest area among 6 countries under the Coral Triangle initiative. The area contains almost 600 species of corals and 76% of total corals worldwide are found in the coral triangle. Moreover, 574 of coral species which 72% of total corals globally are located in Indonesia, and Raja Ampat as the largest marine biodiversity in Indonesia, followed by Derawan Island in the second place. Derawan Island is located in East Kalimantan Province. Despite having an extraordinary marine biodiversity, this island experienced several environment issues. One of them is Abrasion. In terms of methodology, this scientific paper adopt the concept of abrasion, and the type of the research is description explanation which explain the cause of abrasion in Derawan Island and the possible solution which will be implemented in Derawan Island authority. The data type is primer. The Author conducted field research and obtained the data by collecting it from relevant institution, observation and interview. As the result, the research shows that Derawan Island experienced massive abrasion in the east side of the island due to a big numberof residence developments in the South area of the island. As the consequences, the water current which carried sand from East and West side stuck in the South area of the island.
Влияние заработной платы в европейской части России на миграцию в районах Крайнего Севера
Authors: Гильтман Марина Андреевна , Обухович Наталья Владимировна , Ларионова Наталия Ивановна 
Published: June 2020

Цитирование: Гильтман М.А., Обухович Н.В., Ларионова Н.И. (2020) Влияние заработной платы в европейской части России на миграцию в районах Крайнего Севера // Мир России. Т. 29. № 3. С. 28–50. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-3-28-50
В статье анализируются процессы снижения численности населения российского Севера, связанные с оттоком трудовых ресурсов. Основная гипотеза исследования: повышение заработной платы в европейской части России оказывает отрицательное влияние на миграцию в районах Крайнего Севера. Отправной точкой работы послужил анализ процессов убыли населения на территории российской Арктики, смоделирована зависимость миграции от спроса на труд в добывающих районах российского Севера. Спрос на труд формируется крупными добывающими компаниями, что приводит к локализации населения в крупных городах и зависимости северного рынка труда от ресурсного цикла, при этом переход между циклами задает требования к структуре трудовых и капитальных ресурсов. Социально-экономические процессы в европейской части России также оказывают влияние на территории Крайнего Севера. Для эконометрического моделирования данных процессов субъекты РФ разделены на две группы – европейский и северный регионы. К европейской части было отнесено 53 субъекта РФ, в группу районов Крайнего Севера вошли 12 субъектов РФ.
Источником эмпирических данных послужили агрегированные региональные данные Росстата. Гипотеза исследования проверяется с помощью построения индексов Морана и оценивания пространственных моделей с фиксированными эффектами на панельных данных за 2010–2017 гг. В модели включены переменные, характеризующие экономическое развитие регионов, рынок труда, годы макрошоков, население. Показано, что отток населения из районов Крайнего Севера связан с повышением заработной платы в европейской части России. Также положительно значимы оценки пространственных эффектов для повышения зарплаты на Севере. В то же время миграционные процессы в пределах районов Севера не связаны между собой. В качестве рекомендаций для социально-экономической политики развития Арктической зоны РФ предложено расширение спроса на труд в северных регионах, при этом особое внимание следует уделять привлечению высококвалифицированных кадров и, как следствие, концентрации усилий в сфере увеличения конкурентоспособности северных территорий.
Человек на старом Русском Севере: между свободой воли и структурным принуждением (исторический очерк в терминах экзистенциальной социологии)
Authors: Ильин Владимир Иванович 
Published: June 2020

Цитирование: Ильин В.И. (2020) Человек на старом Русском Севере: между свободой воли и структурным принуждением (исторический очерк в терминах экзистенциальной социологии) // Мир России. Т. 29. № 3. С. 6–27. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-3-6-27
Целью данной статьи является анализ мобильности населения старого Русского Севера в  терминах экзистенциальной социологии. Задача решается на основе вторичного анализа исторической литературы и официальной статистики. Ключевой исследовательский вопрос: зачем люди жили и до сих пор живут в неблагоприятных климатических условиях при наличии в стране иных вариантов? Современный ракурс того же вопроса: зачем из  этих мест уезжают люди, чьи предки жили тут веками?
С одной стороны, миграционное поведение индивидов объяснимо конкретно-историческими объективными факторами, не зависящими от них: природными условиями, влияние которых зависит от характера производительных сил в данную эпоху и в данном месте, геополитической ситуацией, внутренней политикой государства, экономическим развитием страны, системой культуры и т.д. В русле этой логики индивид выступает лишь исполнителем навязанной ему воли.
С другой стороны, индивиды обладают определенной свободой воли и выбора цели, а также пути к ней даже в самых узких щелях объективных структур. Интеграция двух типов факторов мобильности происходит через индивидуализацию обстоятельств: в  одних и тех же условиях разные индивиды выбирают различные стратегии поведения, исходя как из своих индивидуальных возможностей, так и из личных устремлений, пропитанных духом эпохи. В итоге мы наблюдаем в каждый исторический период особый набор доминирующих или значимых моделей мобильности. Их важной составной частью являются степень индивидуальной свободы и комплекс мотивов мобильности.В современных условиях мобильность жителей данного региона обусловлена не только динамикой его социально-экономического развития, во многом предопределенной неолиберальными реформами и региональной политикой центра, но и серьезным сдвигом в системе доминирующих ценностных ориентаций, в которых все более заметное место занимают гедонистические ценности общества потребления. Результатом является тренд к сокращению общей численности населения региона и социальному опустыниванию части сельских территорий, и продолжавшаяся веками цивилизационная экспансия сменилась сжатием.
“Einstein Worked his Socks off”. Conceptions of Intelligence in University Teaching Staff
Authors: Matias-Garcia Jose Antonio , Cubero-Perez Rosario 
Published: June 2020

There is vast amount of research that links implicit theories of intelligence with several learning-relevant variables in both learners and teachers alike. However, there is a gap in the literature, as there is almost no research done with university teachers. Furthermore, most scientific research polarizes incremental and fixed views of intelligence in spite of data that show there is heterogeneity in participants’ views. This study explores the implicit theories of intelligence of university teachers (N = 20), employing a category system for the analysis of semi-structured interviews designed to capture heterogeneity. Participants were asked to express their opinion about several small vignettes regarding intelligence. The number of participants’ explanations related to intelligence and the complexity in their argumentation was considered. Results show differences in both measures among different fields of knowledge and gender, but not in relation to years of teaching experience. Future implications for research, intervention, and implicit theories measurement are discussed.