bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indikation, Prozedere und Outcome der präklinischen Notfallthorakotomie – eine systematische Literaturrecherche
Authors: Schimrigk J. , Baulig C. , Buschmann C. , Ehlers J. , Kleber C. , Knippschild S. , Leidel B. A. , Malysch T. , Steinhausen E. , Dahmen J. 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie präklinische Notfallthorakotomie („prehospital resuscitative thoracotomy“,PHRT) ist eine von den aktuellen Reanimationsleitlinien des European Resuscitation Council (ERC) empfohlene, kontrovers diskutierte Maßnahme zur Akutbehandlung des traumatischen Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstands („traumatic cardiac arrest“, TCA). Ziel dieser Arbeit ist das vollständige Abbilden und Zusammenfassen der vorhandenen Literatur mit der zugrunde liegenden Hypothese, dass vorhandene Publikationen die Machbarkeit und das Überleben nach PHRT bei Patienten mit TCA mit gutem neurologischen Outcome zeigen.MethodeEs erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche in den DatenbankenPubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, SpringerLink und Cochrane. Die Studienauswahl, Datenextraktion und Bewertung des Verzerrungspotenzials wurden unabhängig von 2 Autoren durchgeführt. Als primärer Endpunkt wurde das Outcome der Patienten mit TCA nach präklinischer Notfallthorakotomie gewählt.ErgebnisseEs wurden 4616 Publikationen gesichtet, 21 Veröffentlichungen mit insgesamt 287 Patienten konnten eingeschlossen werden. Für eine detaillierte deskriptive Analyse eigneten sich 15 Publikationen mit insgesamt 205 Patienten. Der TCA dieser Patienten war am häufigsten durch eine Perikardtamponade, thorakale Gefäßverletzungen und schwere extrathorakale Mehrfachverletzungen verursacht. In 24 % der Fälle trat ein TCA im Beisein des Notarztes auf. Die „Clamshell“-Thorakotomie (53 %) wurde präklinisch häufiger als die anterolaterale Thorakotomie (47 %) angewandt. 12 % (25/205) der PHRT-Patienten nach TCA verließen lebend das Krankenhaus, 9 % (n = 19/205) mit gutem und 1 % (n = 3/205) mit schlechtem neurologischen Outcome (nach Glasgow Outcome Scale, GOS).SchlussfolgerungDie Prognose des TCA scheint deutlich besser zu sein als lange angenommen. Maßgeblich für den Erfolg von Reanimationsbemühungen beim TCA scheint die unverzügliche, teils invasive Therapie aller reversiblen Ursachen zu sein. Die von der ERC-Reanimationsleitlinien für den TCA empfohlenen Maßnahmen scheinen insbesondere für die Präklinik bisher unzureichend umgesetzt. Eine besondere Kontroverse hinsichtlich der Empfehlungen der Leitlinie besteht zur Frage, ob eine PHRT erfolgreich angewandt werden kann und deren flächendeckende Einführung in Deutschland sinnvoll erscheint. Die vorliegende systematische Übersichtsarbeit unterstreicht trotz Leitlinienempfehlung den Mangel an hochwertiger Evidenz zur PHRT, wobei eine Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit bis zur Entlassung aus dem Krankenhaus von 12 %, in 75 % davon mit gutem neurologischen Outcome berichtet wird. Das Verzerrungspotenzial der Ergebnisse der einzelnen Publikationen sowie auch dieses Reviews ist hoch. Weitere systematische Forschung im Bereich der präklinischen Traumareanimation ist insbesondere auch zur Akzeptanz der Leitlinienvorgaben erforderlich.
A revalidation and critique of assumptions about urinary sample collection methods, specimen quality and contamination
Authors: Collins Linda , Sathiananthamoorthy Sanchutha , Rohn Jennifer , Malone-Lee James 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Midstream urine (MSU) is key in assessing lower urinary tract syndrome (LUTS), but contingent on some assumptions. The aim of this study was to compare the occurrence of contamination and the quality of substrates obtained from four different collections: MSU, catheter specimen urine (CSU), a commercial MSU collecting device (Peezy) and a natural void. Contamination was quantified by differential, uroplakin-positive, urothelial cell counts.

Methods
This was a single blind, crossover study conducted in two phases. First, we compared the MSU with CSU using urine culture, pyuria counts and differential counting of epithelial cells after immunofluorescence staining for uroplakin III (UP3). Second, we compared the three non-invasive (MSU, Peezy MSU™, natural void) methods using UP3 antibody staining only.

Results
The natural void was best at collecting bladder urinary sediment, with the majority of epithelial cells present derived from the urinary tract. CSU sampling missed much of the urinary sediment and showed sparse culture results. Finally, the MSU collection methods did not capture much of the bladder sediment.

Conclusion
We found little evidence for contamination with the four methods. Natural void was the best method for harvesting shed urothelial cells and white blood cells. It provides a richer sample of the inflammatory exudate, including parasitised urothelial cells and the microbial substrate. However, if the midstream sample is believed to be important, the MSU collection device is advantageous.
Aggregation shapes of amphiphilic ring polymers: from spherical to toroidal micelles
Authors: Jehser Martin , Likos Christos N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe self-assembly of Janus ring polymers is studied via a coarse-grained molecular dynamics employing a bead spring model including bending rigidity contributions to the Hamiltonian. We examine the formation and the morphology of amphiphilicity-driven clusters in the system using the number density ρN, the temperature T, the fraction of solvophobic monomers α, and the stiffness of the polymer rings κ as control parameters. We present a quantitative analysis of several characteristics for the formed clusters of Janus rings. Measured quantities include the distribution of the cluster size MC and the shape of the clusters in the form of the prolate/oblate factor Q and shape factors sf. We demonstrate Janus rings form polymorphic micelles that vary from a spherical shape, akin to that known for linear block copolymers, to a novel type of toroidal shape, and we highlight the role played by the key physical parameters leading to the stabilization of such structures.
Laparoscopic management of type II Mirizzi syndrome
Authors: Senra Fátima , Navaratne Lalin , Acosta Asunción , Martínez-Isla Alberto 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Mirizzi syndrome is an uncommon complication of longstanding gallstone disease. Pre-operative diagnosis is challenging, and to date, there is no consensus on the standard management for this condition. Until recently open cholecystectomy was the standard of care for type II Mirizzi syndrome (McSherry classification). The objective of this study was to assess the incidence and management of type II Mirizzi syndrome in patients with proven or suspected choledocholithiasis undergoing laparoscopic common bile duct (CBD) exploration and present our experience in the laparoscopic management of this rare condition over the last 21 years.

Methods
Prospective data collection of eleven cases of type II Mirizzi syndrome amongst a series of 425 laparoscopic bile duct explorations was performed between 1998 and 2019. Demographic, clinical, diagnostic, intra-operative, and post-operative data were recorded.

Results
The incidence of type II Mirizzi syndrome was 2.6% in 425 laparoscopic CBD explorations. All operations were completed laparoscopically with closure of the defect over a decompressed CBD (T-tube n = 3, antegrade stent n = 5, transcystic drain n = 2), and in one case a non-drained duct was closed with Endoloop. Stone clearance rate was 100% (11 cases). In two patients the transinfundibular approach was used in conjunction with holmium laser lithotripsy to enable choledochoscopy and successful stone clearance. Three patients were complicated in the post-operative period with bile leak (n = 2) and lower respiratory tract infection (n = 1). An incidental gallbladder carcinoma was found in one patient.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic management of type II Mirizzi syndrome is feasible and safe when performed by experienced laparoscopic foregut surgeons. Laparoscopy and choledochoscopy can be combined with novel approaches and techniques to increase the likelihood of treatment success.
New indices for assessing changes in seasons and in timing characteristics of air temperature
Authors: Hekmatzadeh Ali Akbar , Kaboli Sadegh , Torabi Haghighi Ali 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrevious studies examining climate change and changes in the timing of seasons have used a fixed temperature threshold for season onset. In this study, the timing of seasons was determined using non-fixed threshold methods. Twelve new timing indices were defined to account for shifts in seasons and season onset day, thermal centroid day, and length. The Mann-Kendall test, Theil-Sen’s slope estimator, sequential Mann-Kendall test, and least square linear regression were used to assess trends. The timing indices were examined using data from two meteorological stations in Iran with 50 years of records. Spatio-temporal variations in each index over 30 years (1987–2016) were then determined for Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. Trend analysis for several indices indicated that the timing of seasons had probably changed in the south and west of the study area, while mountainous regions showed non-significant trends. Based on the hottest and coldest 90-day periods (summer and winter, respectively), during the three decades studied, spring lengthened by 5–10 days/decade in the plain region of Khuzestan province and autumn shortened by about 5–8 days/decade. The centroid of winter occurred earlier, by 2–5 days/decade, in the plains area, while the thermal centroid of summer did not change significantly. Overall, the difference between the thermal centroid of winter and summer (Cwin-sum) in the plains area significantly decreased, by 6–8 days/decade, in the 30-year period.
Sensitivity of discharge projections to potential evapotranspiration estimation in Northern Tunisia
Authors: Dakhlaoui Hamouda , Seibert Jan , Hakala Kirsti 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTunisia has a long history of coping with water scarcity, and the quantification of climate change impacts on runoff is important for future water management. A major requirement for such studies is an estimation of potential evapotranspiration (PET), which is challenging as many regions often lack the observational data needed for physically based PET equations. In this study, different PET estimation approaches were used to study the impact of PET estimation on discharge projections for catchments in Northern Tunisia. Discharge was simulated for five catchments using three rainfall-runoff models (RRMs): HBV, GR4 and IHACRES. A general differential split sample test (GDSST) was used for an RRM robustness evaluation based on subperiods with contrasting climatic conditions for the 1970–2000 period. Three cases with varying PET were considered: (1) daily calculated PET, (2) long-term daily mean PET with the same values for calibration and validation periods (calculated over the calibration period) and (3) long-term daily mean PET varying between calibration and validation periods (calculated over the calibration and validation period separately). Over the historical period, the comparison between cases 1 and 3 showed little impact of reduced PET information on the RRM performance and robustness. The comparison of cases 2 and 3 indicated a limited impact of varying PET between calibration and validation on the RRM results. The impact of varying levels of PET information on hydrological projections was also analysed over two future 30-year periods: mid-term period (2040–2070) and long-term period (2070–2100), with two representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5), by comparing cases 1 and 2. The projected discharge with constant PET (case 2) was generally lower than the projected discharge with variable PET (case 1) but the difference in volume change did not exceed 9% for both the time period and the RCP scenario considered. While PET slightly increased under the different climate change scenarios, actual evapotranspiration (AET) was found to decrease. These opposite trends of PET and AET can be attributed to the projected decrease in precipitation. Overall, our results demonstrate that discharge, in semi-arid regions like Northern Tunisia, is not sensitive to PET estimates since AET is mainly controlled by the availability of soil moisture. This finding is useful for performing studies of climate change impact on hydrological cycles in arid regions, as our study shows that simple PET estimation is a valid approach for such studies.
Promises, Rights, and Deontic Control
Authors: Molina Crescente 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article argues that the notion of a promissory right captures a central feature of the morality of promising which cannot be explained by the notion of promissory obligation alone: the fact that the promisee acquires a full range of control over the promisor’s obligation. It defends two main claims. First, it argues that promissory rights are distinctively grounded in our interest in controlling others’ deontic world. Second, it proposes a version of the ‘Interest Theory’ of rights (the ‘Deontic Interest Theory’) that incorporates our interest in purely deontic forms of control into the various human interests that constitute the grounds of our rights.
Conceptualizing Corruption in Public Private Partnerships
Authors: Schomaker Rahel M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article conceptualizes the vulnerability of the different stages of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) models for corruption against the backdrop of contract theory, principal-agent theory and transaction cost economics, and discusses potential control mechanisms. The article’s contribution to the debate on PPPs is twofold: first, an issue widely neglected by the pertinent literature is conceptualized. Second, as these PPPs are used not only in developed countries whose legal order may shield them sufficiently, but also in developing countries, carving out the vulnerable points in PPP arrangements may enable decision makers to install appropriate control mechanisms, if need be on project level.
What Can We Weave? Authority, Reconstructing, and Negotiating Heritages Through Archaeological Open-Air Museums
Authors: Montgomery Ramírez Paul Edward 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe construction of heritage is an ongoing process, with numerous voices involved in it. Physical remains of the past frequently—though not always—play a significant role as focal points that heritage narratives attach to. As resources, these remains can be used to draw both domestic and foreign tourism, providing economic benefit to states and providing a platform from which heritage narratives may be told. Such narratives can be economically, socially, and politically powerful. They have been previously examined through the authorized heritage discourse, wherein only certain ‘pasts’ are explored, or as heritage brands. In a world of change in society and in tourism, the authority of archaeologist/historian/scholar, governing bodies, tourism agencies, passionate ‘non-specialists’, and multiple publics over heritages is one of contestation. Each is a weaver of heritage. This article examines the creation of archaeological open-air museums (AOAMs) as renewable resources for tourism within a fragmenting market. It explores the authorities and threads of heritage that result in different capacities to actively address visitor perceptions of the ‘past’ and present they are touring. This paper concludes with viewing the use of an AOAM as a location of contestation, as any other heritage property can become, though one more malleable to the changing needs of heritage weavers due to its existence in conflict with understandings of linear time.
Recent Advances in the Noninvasive Prenatal Testing for Chromosomal Abnormalities Using Maternal Plasma DNA
Authors: Lau Tze Kin , Zhu Xiaofan , Kwok Yvonne Ka Yin , Leung Tak Yeung , Choy Kwong Wai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
No single invention in the past has created such a rapid and massive impact on clinical obstetric practice as the introduction of noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) for chromosomal abnormalities using cell-free DNA in maternal plasma. However, the technology of NIPS which has also been called noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is rapidly evolving. Most clinicians may not be able to fully understand this new technology to enable good clinical practice. This review will be focused on issues that have important clinical implications. NIPT/S is only a screening test and all positive cases must be confirmed by invasive diagnostic techniques. Although NIPT/S is being expanded rapidly to cover other chromosomes and large chromosomal structural abnormalities, the detection rate is still uncertain, and the positive predictive value is expected to be lower. Pregnant women who are at risk of chromosomal abnormalities other than common trisomies should be offered a diagnostic test instead of NIPT/S. The use of NIPT/S as a primary Down syndrome screening test should not replace the 11–13 weeks scan.
The slope creep law for a soft rock in an open-pit mine in the Gobi region of Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhao Hongze , Tian Yu , Guo Qingyong , Li Meijie , Wu Jianwen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe lithology of the strata in the Gobi region of the Xinjiang autonomous region of China is mainly composed of mudstone, silty mudstone, and other soft rocks. Because of the low strength of the rock mass and the serious effects of physical weathering in this area, the slope stability in open-pit mines is poor, and creep deformation and instability can readily occur. Taking the Dananhu No. 2 open-pit mine as a typical example, the creep test of a mudstone sample under different stress levels was studied. Then, based on a bottom friction experiment and a FLAC3D numerical simulation, the deformation and failure processes of the slope were analyzed. The stress–displacement curve and the displacement–time curve for the monitoring points were plotted to obtain the relationship between the stress and displacement for the slope of the soft rock. The results showed that the long-term strength of the mudstone was between 8.0 and 8.8 MPa, and that stable creep occurred when the slope was under low stress. The potential failure mode for this type of slope is that the front edge creeps along the weak layer and then a crack is formed at the trailing edge of the slope. When the crack penetrates the weak layer, cutting bedding and bedding sliding occur. The deformation process of the stable creep slope includes an initial deformation stage, an initial creep stage, a constant velocity creep stage and a deceleration creep stage.
The impact of culture on FDI disentangled: separating the “level” and the “distance” effects
Authors: Kapás Judit , Czeglédi Pál 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe most important concern of this paper centers on the question of whether the difference in inward FDI across countries is a result of the fact that destination countries have different cultures, or the fact that they are more distant culturally from the origin country than others? We argue that answering this question requires disentangling the impact of culture, which consists of separating two effects: the “level” (the former) and the “distance” effect (the latter), which are mixed in the literature, leading in this way to biased conclusions in relation to how cultural distance matters for FDI. In this paper we propose an econometric method to separate the two effects of the culture, in which the key is that cultural distance does not depend on the origin country’s culture. Our empirical results indicate a “strong” level effect in the sense that it is a working effect in the case of all the three cultural values we use, and its size is economically significant, as well. The distance effect, however, is at best as important as the level effect but very probably less so, accordingly, it seems that the literature has “overemphasized” the impact of cultural distance.
Moralische Probleme und ethische Fragen von Lehrenden der Erwachsenen- und Weiterbildung – Ein Modell für die Forschung zur erwachsenenpädagogischen Bereichsethik
Authors: Bernhardsson-Laros Nils 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Kompetenz, ethisch-moralisch zu handeln, wird im Rahmen von Kompetenzkatalogen für Lehrkräfte der Erwachsenen- und Weiterbildung als wichtiges Lernfeld ausgewiesen. Allerdings fehlt bisher Forschung, welche die Perspektive von Lehrenden auf eine Berufsethik für die Erwachsenen- und Weiterbildung genauer beleuchtet. Gegenstand des Beitrags ist eine qualitative Interviewstudie, welche Fragen nach ethisch relevanten Handlungssituationen, konkreten ethischen Fragen, pädagogisch-ethischen Überzeugungen und ethischen Orientierungen von Lehrkräften der Erwachsenen- und Weitbildung nachgeht. Um das Forschungsfeld zu erschließen, wird auf Basis der Studienergebnisse ein vierdimensionales Modell moralischer Probleme entwickelt.
Latina/o and non-latina/o brain injury and dementia patients’ and caregivers’ health: An actor/partner interdependence model
Authors: Linton Kristen Faye 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground:The interdependence between patient and caregivers’ health, which is when the patients’ and informal caregivers’ emotion, cognition and/or behavior affects that of the other person is well documented among dyads experiencing cancer and heart disease, but scant research has assessed interdependence among those with brain injuries or dementia and Latina/o populations. This study aimed to assess the interdependence of patient and caregiver depression, patient functional independence and caregiver burden among non-Latina/o and Latina/o and patients with brain injuries and dementia and their caregivers.Methods:Patients and caregiver dyads (n = 96) were recruited from a trauma hospital. Participants completed measures on patient and caregiver depression, patient functional independence and caregiver burden. Participants provided written informed consent. Patient inclusion criteria included: (1) diagnosis with a brain injury or dementia, (2) minimum age of 12, (3) community dwelling and (4) ability to verbally communicate and complete study measures. Caregivers were only included if they were informal, unpaid, family or a friend. Nonparametric Spearman’s Rho correlations were conducted to test the study hypotheses.Discussion:There was consistently a statistically significant positive relationship between caregiver depression and caregiver burden for all groups. For non-Latina/o patient and caregiver dementia dyads, there were associations between patient depression and caregiver depression. For non-Latina/o dementia dyads, functional ability was only associated with patient depression. For Latina/o patient and caregiver brain injury and dementia dyads, the only statistically significant relationship was between caregiver depression and caregiver burden. Health services should embrace family-focused mental health and respite interventions.