bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the quality of outsourced interpreting services in criminal courts in Spain
Authors: Vigier-Moreno Francisco J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Globalisation, cross-border human mobility and international migration flows have prompted cross-linguistic and
cross-cultural services (e.g. translation and interpreting) in all spheres of current societies, including a sector as sensitive
as justice. In Spain, as in many other countries, in the last two decades, despite fierce criticism from practitioners and
academics, there has been a trend for the authorities to meet these needs by outsourcing these services to private companies
rather than hiring qualified professionals individually, on the grounds that this system allows for cheaper and more efficient
services. This article presents the most relevant results of a research project based on the analysis of a corpus of authentic
interpreter-mediated criminal proceedings, the first project of this kind in Spain. After briefly explaining how the project was
carried out and how the corpus was transcribed, annotated and analysed, special attention is paid to the findings in relation to
the interpreters’ performance in terms of fidelity and accuracy, and some illustrative examples are provided. The aim is to
address the quality of outsourced interpreting services in Spanish criminal courts as well as to indicate areas for
improvement.
Grammaticalization without Feature Economy
Authors: Halm Tamás 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present paper is a corpus-based study of the Voice Cycle in Hungarian. Based on data from the Old Hungarian Corpus and the Hungarian Historical Corpus, I will argue that while in Old Hungarian, middle voice was encoded through a separate inflectional paradigm (contextual allomorphy in the subject agreement suffix conditional on the feature content of a silent Voice head), in Modern Hungarian, middle voice is encoded through dedicated middle voice suffixes (i.e., the Voice head is spelled out overtly). I will claim that the underlying grammaticalization process involved the reanalysis of frequentative suffixes (v heads) as middle voice suffixes (Voice heads). I will show that this reinterpretation was not based on shared abstract features, but rather, on a principled correlation between middle voice and frequentative aspect: since some types of middles (antipassives and dispositional middles) were more likely to be associated with a frequentative or habitual reading than actives, frequentative suffixes were susceptible to reanalysis as middle suffixes in the course of language acquisition. I will thus claim that in addition to Feature Economy (vanGelderen 2011), reinterpretation based on correlation between featurally independent grammatical markers should also be regarded as a mechanism of grammaticalization.
A restudy of postcolonial Palau after two decades
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuko 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper reports results from a reinvestigation of multilingualism in postcolonial Palau, conducted twenty years after the first study. The
first-ever ethnographic language survey conducted in 1997–1998 highlighted the diglossic nature of Palau where English replaced
Japanese as the ‘high’ language, while indigenous Palauan remained as the ‘low’ spoken language. It indicated three possible future scenarios: (a) shift from multilingualism to bilingualism after the older Japanese-speaking generation passes
away; (b) stability of diglossia with a clear social division between an English-speaking elite and a predominantly
Palauan-speaking non-elite; (c) movement towards an English-speaking nation with Palauan being abandoned. The restudy conducted in
2017–2018 provides real-time evidence to assess the direction and progress of change, whilst the ethnographic analysis of recent
changes in language policies and the linguistic analysis of teenagers’ narratives reveal the unpopularity of Palauan as a written
language and the emergence of their own variety of English.
Natives, migrants and communication practices in the Xi’an speech community
Authors: Berg Marinus van den 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper reports the results of direct observations of language use and sociolinguistic interviews in Xi’an city, Shaanxi province, China. The data were collected in the autumn of 2018. Direct observations were done in four vegetable and fruit markets providing a data set of 1,708 cases. A sample of market customers was also interviewed resulting in 168 interviews. The interview data made clear that in migrant families, home-town dialects are well maintained, but that for interactions in the city, PTH is preferred as it is for work-related interactions. The observation data showed that ninety percent of interactions between customers and salespeople were performed in either the Xi’an dialect or PTH. These two varieties were used in various combinations confirming wide-spread use of multilingual exchanges. These exchanges are further specified as speech-community-internal interactions, home-dialect exchanges and lingua franca exchanges. Community integration of migrants is clarified through the concept of the discourse communities. The latter structure the modern Xi’an speech community and connect to the national level PTH Koine Community.
Effects of whole body vibration training combined with blood flow restriction on muscle adaptation
Authors: Cai Zong‐Yan , Wang Wen‐Yi , Lin Jia‐De , Wu Chih‐Min 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of whole body vibration (WBV) training combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle fitness. Twenty physically inactive adults were randomly assigned to a WBV + BFR group (8 men and 2 women) and a WBV group (8 men and 2 women). The participants in the WBV group were subjected to 10 sets of intermittent WBV exercise 20 min/day, 3 days/week, for 8 weeks. The participants in the WBV + BFR group received the same WBV treatment, but the proximal portion of their thighs was compressed using inflatable cuffs. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry estimated thigh muscle mass, one repetition maximal (1RM) leg press, and muscle endurance were measured before and after the training programme. The results indicated that thigh muscle mass significantly increased (3%) after the 8‐week training period only in the WBV + BFR group. Meanwhile, 1RM leg press and muscle endurance significantly increased in both groups after training (p < 0.05). Analysis of covariance revealed that the increase in 1RM leg press and muscle endurance was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the WBV + BFR group than the WBV group (leg press: 11.1%. vs. 4.37%; muscle endurance: 48.84% vs. 15.19%, respectively). In conclusion, exposure to regular WBV + BFR training can increase thigh muscle mass, maximal strength, and muscle endurance compared with exposure to WBV training alone. WBV + BFR training appears to be a feasible strategy for improving muscle mass, strength, and endurance in previously untrained participants.
High rates of fat oxidation are maintained after the sleep low approach despite delayed carbohydrate feeding during exercise
Authors: Podlogar Tim , Free Bonnie , Wallis Gareth A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTraining with low carbohydrate availability enhances endurance training adaptations but training volume may be compromised. We explored whole‐body metabolism and performance with delayed carbohydrate feeding during exercise undertaken following acute sleep‐low training. We hypothesised this strategy would not suppress fat oxidation and would maintain exercise performance. The study involved three experimental trials and included 9 men and 1 woman (⩒O2peak = 58.8 ± 5.5 mL kg−1 min−1). Each trial started in the afternoon with an exhaustive cycling protocol. The following morning 1‐h of steady‐state cycling (SS) was followed by a time trial (TT). Carbohydrates (CHO) were not ingested in recovery from exhaustive exercise or during next day exercise in the Placebo trial (PLA); CHO were not ingested during recovery but were fed (15 g every ∼15‐min) from 30‐min into SS and continued during the TT in the delayed feeding trial (DELAY); CHO were provided during recovery (1.2 g/kg/h for 7 h) and next day exercise (as in DELAY) in a third condition (CHO). Exercise metabolism was assessed using indirect calorimetry and blood sampling. Fat oxidation rates during SS were similar in PLA (0.83 ± 0.17 g/min) and DELAY (0.78 ± 0.14 g/min) (p > 0.05) and higher than CHO (0.57 ± 0.27 g/min) (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in TT performance (49.1 ± 10.7, 43.4 ± 7.6, 41.0 ± 7.9 min in PLA, DELAY and CHO, respectively; p > 0.05). Delayed carbohydrate feeding could be a strategy to maintain high‐fat oxidation rates typically associated with exercise undertaken after the sleep‐low approach to training but the acute performance effects remain inconclusive.
Structural and luminescence imaging and characterisation of semiconductors in the scanning electron microscope
Authors: Trager-Cowan C , Alasmari A , Avis W , Bruckbauer J , Edwards P R , Ferenczi G , Hourahine B , Kotzai A , Kraeusel S , Kusch G , Martin R W , McDermott R , Naresh-Kumar G , Nouf-Allehiani M , Pascal E , Thomson D , Vespucci S , Smith M D , Parbrook P J , Enslin J , Mehnke F , Kuhn C , Wernicke T , Kneissl M , Hagedorn S , Knauer A , Walde S , Weyers M , Coulon P-M , Shields P A , Bai J , Gong Y , Jiu L , Zhang Y , Smith R M , Wang T , Winkelmann A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The scanning electron microscopy techniques of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI) and cathodoluminescence (CL) hyperspectral imaging provide complementary information on the structural and luminescence properties of materials rapidly and non-destructively, with a spatial resolution of tens of nanometres. EBSD provides crystal orientation, crystal phase and strain analysis, whilst ECCI is used to determine the planar distribution of extended defects over a large area of a given sample. CL reveals the influence of crystal structure, composition and strain on intrinsic luminescence and/or reveals defect-related luminescence. Dark features are also observed in CL images where carrier recombination at defects is non-radiative. The combination of these techniques is a powerful approach to clarifying the role of crystallography and extended defects on a material’s light emission properties. Here we describe the EBSD, ECCI and CL techniques and illustrate their use for investigating the structural and light emitting properties of UV-emitting nitride semiconductor structures. We discuss our investigations of the type, density and distribution of defects in GaN, AlN and AlGaN thin films and also discuss the determination of the polarity of GaN nanowires.
On the use of averaged indicators to assess lakes’ thermal response to changes in climatic conditions
Authors: Toffolon Marco , Piccolroaz Sebastiano , Calamita Elisa 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Studies on the impact of climate change in lakes have mainly focused on the average response of lake surface temperature during three summer months (July, August, September, usually termed JAS). Focusing on the Laurentian Great Lakes, we challenge this common assumption by showing that the thermal behaviour is diversified in time both among different lakes and within a single one. Deep regions experience a stronger warming concentrated in early summer, mainly due to anticipated stratification, while shallow parts respond more uniformly throughout the year. To perform such analysis, we use the difference between the five warmest and coldest years in a series of 20 years as a proxy of possible effects of climate alterations, and compare the warming of lake surface temperature with that of air temperature. In this way, based on past observations obtained from satellite images, we show how the warming is heterogeneously distributed in time and in space, and that the quantification of lakes’ thermal response to climate change is chiefly influenced by the time window used in the analysis. Should we be more careful when considering averaged indicators of lake thermal response to climate change?
Global effect of urban sprawl, industrialization, trade and economic development on carbon dioxide emissions
Authors: Sarkodie Samuel Asumadu , Owusu Phebe Asantewaa , Leirvik Thomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSignificant progress has been made towards mitigating climate change and its impacts across countries. However, the transboundary effect of CO2emissions means that excluding the actions and inactions of certain countries and territories that escalate emissions is alarming. On this note, we examined the heterogeneous contribution of immediate and underlying drivers of emissions across 206 countries and territories for the period spanning 1960–2018. We deployed a dynamic panel estimation technique that accounts for cross-sectional dependence, heterogeneous parameters across countries, and dynamic correlated effects—a constraint for socio-economic, consumption- and pollution-based models. A global accounting of economic policy and debt, population structure, density and urbanization, and environmental-related aggregate indicators in a carbon emission function is presented. The empirical results demonstrate that the overarching effect of the instantaneous increase in economic development, population dynamics and energy utilization stimulate global emissions at national, urban and household levels across countries and territories. Industrialization and trade were found to escalate global pollution levels due to the impact of carbonized and energy-intensive economic structure in many developing and developed economies. Urbanization, urban income growth, and urban energy consumption are intertwined, hence, the institution of urban-related policy interventions is likely to negate the trio-impact on environmental sustainability. The triple effect (exploitation of natural resources, production and consumption) of economic development spurs environmental pollution, thus, calls for structural change from a carbonized to a decarbonized economy. The complex interaction highlights diversification of the energy mix by the inclusion of clean and renewable energy sources, fossil fuel-switching, and modern technologies like carbon capture and storage to improve energy efficiency and decline emission intensities.
Entanglement entropies of inhomogeneous Luttinger liquids
Authors: Bastianello Alvise , Dubail Jérôme , Stéphan Jean-Marie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We develop a general framework to compute the scaling of entanglement entropy in inhomogeneous one-dimensional quantum systems belonging to the Luttinger liquid universality class. While much insight has been gained in homogeneous systems by making use of conformal field theory techniques, our focus is on systems for which the Luttinger parameter K depends on position, and conformal invariance is broken. An important point of our analysis is that contributions stemming from the UV cutoff have to be treated very carefully, since they now depend on position. We show that such terms can be removed either by considering regularized entropies specifically designed to do so, or by tabulating numerically the cutoff, and reconstructing its contribution to the entropy through the local density approximation. We check our method numerically in the spin-1/2 XXZ spin chain in a spatially varying magnetic field, and find excellent agreement.
Research of the organization and instruments of management of credit bank risk
Authors: Alekseeva N , Kornilova L , Tolstova M , Vasilieva O 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the conditions of the unstable economic environment, the complex system of credit risk management of the Bank becomes particularly relevant, the effectiveness of which determines the minimization of Bank losses from lending activities and the formation of reserves, reasonable differentiation of borrowers. This paper presents the author’s opinion on the composition and content of the stages of risk management in a bank on credit risk; studied the practice of implementing systematic methods and methods of risk management in relation to the credit risk of the bank; summarized multilevel system of indicators of credit risk assessment, which determines the multilateral accounting of its manifestations and the quality of subsequent regulation.
Internal reporting as an element of admission of a management decision
Authors: Mizikovsky E , Zubenko E , Zubrenkova O , Igoshina Y , Ivanov E A , Khristolubova V V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Now the question of the organization of production accounting and reporting, development of forms of the intraeconomic reporting by the agricultural and industrial enterprises acquires special relevance. The topic under discussion requires an integrated approach to consideration, since the presentation of production reports on the activities of agricultural and industrial enterprises affects the effectiveness of management decisions. The main attention is paid to the development of general theoretical and methodological approaches to internal reporting formation of generalization varying degrees, based on specifics of production activities and accounting system of brewing enterprises. The objective and practical need of a correct, streamlined system of internal reporting, in accordance with modern theory and practice requirements, apparent inadequacy of development of methodological issues for the formation of this reporting, necessary for internal management, certainly indicate the relevance and practical significance of the study, and also determined the paper purpose and tasks. The main goal of this article is to develop theoretical and practical issues of the brewing enterprises internal reporting formation. To achieve this goal, the authors solved the following tasks: conditions, principles and the procedure for constructing internal reporting were determined; revealed the specifics of brewing enterprises organizational structure, procedure for certain types of internal reporting formation is proposed.
Technology to improve milk productivity of female camels of the Arvana breed and Kazakh bactrian
Authors: Baimukanov D A , Semenov V G , Alibaev N N , Baimukanov A B , Karymsakov T N , Ermakhanov M N , Iskhan K ZH 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
It is proved that milk yield in winter is characterized by a decrease in the absolute indicator of the average daily milk yield with a simultaneous increase in the mass fraction of fat in milk in camels, regardless of the breed and the zone of their breeding. On average, the milk yield in December - February for camels of Arvan breed was from 4.8 kg to 6.4 kg, with a mass fraction of fat in milk of 4.6 - 4.7%. In winter, the milk yield of the Kazakh Bactrian camels in comparison with the peers of the Arvana breed of the “bestorrangyla” plant type is 2.5 times lower. The female camels of the Kazakh Bactrian in the first and second months of the winter period did not experience a sharp decrease in milk yield and on average December 2.5 - 3.0 kg and January 2.3 - 2.8 kg. At the end of the winter period - in February it drops sharply and reaches the level of 1.6-2.1 kg. At the same time, the fat content of milk in the winter period is in the redistribution of 5.9 – 6.2%.
Evaluation of the reproductive qualities of geese of Linda breed
Authors: Toboev G M , Kazantseva M A , Semenov V G , Zaytcev V V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study of the paternal and maternal geese reproductive qualities, depending on their age. It has been established that in geese, regardless of their age, at the beginning of the biological cycle of egg-laying, the growth of all reproductive qualities occurs. In the middle of the productive period, stabilization occurs, and by the end of the productive period, there is a decrease in reproductive performance. The mating line gosling rate was higher than the paternal line throughout the egg-laying cycle and on average per season it was 47.87% for the maternal line and 46.1% for the paternal line.
Charting the Development of Spirituality in Social Work in the Second Decade of the 21st Century: A Critical Commentary
Authors: Crisp Beth R 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article provides a critical commentary on the place of spirituality in social work scholarship in the second decade of the twenty-first century. Compared with previous decades, the applications of spirituality within social work have expanded, and understandings of what spirituality entails have become more nuanced. In part, this reflects an intention and methodology which enabled scholarship from beyond the Anglosphere to be included in this commentary, including the perspectives of indigenous peoples. Three key issues were identified in the literature: a lack of consensus as to how spirituality is understood, including whether it can be measured; the broadening scope for spirituality in social work practice, including growing recognition that spirituality has a role beyond direct practice in social policy and advocacy work; and the impact on social workers or holistic practice models which acknowledge the spirituality of service users and consequences of this for social work education. Although there are many positives to have emerged from this growing acceptance of a legitimate place for spirituality in social work, social workers need to take care to ensure that the ways they incorporate spirituality into their practice is not harmful to service users.
Winners and losers of the global beer market: European competition in the view of product life-cycle
Authors: Hána David , Materna Kryštof , Hasman Jiří 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The European brewing industry has experienced considerable development related to the changes of beer production volume. These trends are generalised by Vernon’s concept of product life-cycle that is already anchored in the economic geography. The differences of its growth, maturity and decline stages are important to study transnational corporations’ (TNC) strategies within the combination of different stages of all European markets. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to verify how the TNCs’ behaviour in individual countries depends on the stages of their beer markets. In the beer life-cycle perspective, Europe can be divided into several regions with a similar stage of development. Expected behaviour of brewing TNCs in the dependence of the countries’ stage in the beer life-cycle have been proved in the large extent. Some interesting differences were, however, also found. The paper finally pointed on the rising beer life-cycle of microbreweries, which could replace the life-cycle of traditional breweries.
Clinical evaluation of an immunoinhibition procedure for creatine kinase-MB.
Authors: Obzansky D , Lott J A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We have clinically evaluated the Dade "Cardiozyme" immunoinhibition procedure for determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MG) in 71 patients who were suspected of having had an acute myocardial infarction. Electrophoresis for CK-MB was also carried out. On the basis of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for myocardial infarction, we found the Dade procedure for CK-MB to be somewhat inferior to electrophoresis. In 11 patients for whom the time of infarction was known, we observed normal CK-MB results for two of them by both immunoinhibition and electrophoresis during the first 24 h, but subsequently could detect abnormal CK-MB results by both methods. Thus in some patients such data are not helpful for making a diagnosis in the first 24 h. The Dade procedure is easy to perform, but lacks sensitivity in the region of low CK-MB activity, requires a very stable spectrophotometer, is imprecise, and produces negative numerical results in patients without myocardial infarction.