bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual Observation of Apparent Infraspinatus Muscle Atrophy in Male Professional Tennis Players
Authors: Ellenbecker Todd S. , Dines David M. , Renstrom Per A. , Windler Gary S. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Previous studies have reported visually observed apparent muscle atrophy in the infraspinous fossa of the dominant arm of overhead athletes. Several mechanisms have been proposed as etiological factors, including eccentric overload, compressive spinoglenoid notch paralabral cysts, and cumulative tensile suprascapular neurapraxia. Purpose: To report the prevalence of apparent infraspinatus atrophy in male professional tennis players and to determine whether the suspected atrophy correlates with objectively measured weakness of external rotation. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 153 male professional tennis players underwent a musculoskeletal screening examination that included visual inspection of the infraspinous fossa. Infraspinatus atrophy was defined as hollowing or loss of soft tissue bulk inferior to the scapular spine in the infraspinous fossa of one extremity that was visibly different from the contralateral extremity. This finding was observed and independently agreed upon by both an orthopaedic surgeon and a physical therapist during the examination. Also assessed were rotator cuff instrument-assisted manual muscle testing, visual observation of scapular kinesis (or motion), and glenohumeral joint range of motion for internal and external rotation and horizontal adduction. Results: In the 153 players, dominant-arm infraspinatus atrophy was observed in 92 players (60.1%), and only 1 player (0.7%) was identified with nondominant infraspinatus atrophy. A Pearson correlation showed a significant relationship between the presence of dominant-arm infraspinatus atrophy and dominant-arm external rotation strength measured in neutral abduction/adduction (at the side) ( P = .001) as well as between the presence of dominant-arm infraspinatus atrophy and bilateral external rotation strength measured at 90° of glenohumeral joint abduction ( P = .009 for dominant arm and .002 for nondominant arm). No significant correlation was found with scapular dyskinesis, glenohumeral range of motion, or instrument-assisted manual muscle testing of the supraspinatus (empty-can test). Conclusion: Visually observed infraspinatus muscle atrophy is a common finding in the dominant shoulder of asymptomatic male professional tennis players and is significantly correlated with external rotation weakness. This condition is present in uninjured players without known shoulder pathology and is not related to glenohumeral joint internal rotation, total rotation range of motion, or scapular dysfunction. Players with visually observed infraspinatus atrophy should be evaluated for external rotation strength and may require preventive strengthening.
Preoperative Fatty Infiltration of the Teres Minor Negatively Affects Postoperative Outcomes in Patients With Rotator Cuff Pathology
Authors: Sarkissian Erik J. , Xiao Michelle , Abrams Geoffrey D. 
Published: October 2020

Background: The teres minor is a critical component of the rotator cuff and serves as one of the few external rotators of the humerus. Information is lacking regarding the effect of teres minor atrophy in isolation and in the setting of concomitant full-thickness rotator cuff tears on outcomes in patients undergoing rotator cuff surgery. Purpose: To investigate the effect of preoperative teres minor fatty infiltration on postoperative clinical outcomes in patients with and without full-thickness rotator cuff pathology. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective review of patients undergoing primary arthroscopic shoulder surgery between 2014 and 2016 was performed. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine fatty infiltration for each rotator cuff muscle using the modified Goutallier classification. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) as well as the shortened version of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) scores were obtained preoperatively and during follow-up. Exclusion criteria included prior surgery on the ipsilateral shoulder or a diagnosis of inflammatory arthropathy. For analysis, patients were dichotomized to grade 0 or grade 1-4 atrophy of the teres minor as well as to full-thickness or partial-thickness rotator cuff pathology. Results: A total of 36 of 47 (76.6%) patients (mean age, 63 years; range, 45-76 years) were available for postoperative follow-up at a mean of 40 months (range, 30-48 months). Postoperative ASES score was significantly higher and QuickDASH score was significantly lower among all patients in the grade 0 group compared with the grade 1-4 group. Postoperative ASES and QuickDASH scores were not significantly different in patients with partial-thickness rotator cuff tears at any time point. However, the postoperative ASES score was significantly higher and QuickDASH score was significantly lower in the grade 0 versus grade 1-4 group for patients with full-thickness rotator cuff pathology. Conclusion: Preoperative teres minor atrophy in patients undergoing surgery for rotator cuff pathology may impair postoperative clinical outcomes, especially in patients with full-thickness tears.
A Novel Curriculum for Medical Student Training in LGBTQ Healthcare: A Regional Pathway Experience
Authors: Gibson Alec W , Gobillot Theodore A , Wang Kevin , Conley Elizabeth , Coard Wendy , Matsumoto Kim , Letourneau Holly , Patel Shilpen , Merel Susan E , Sairenji Tomoko , Whipple Mark E , Ryan Michael R , Morales Leo S , Heinen Corinne 
Published: October 2020

Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals face considerable health disparities, often due to a lack of LGBTQ-competent care. Such disparities and lack of access to informed care are even more staggering in rural settings. As the state medical school for the Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho (WWAMI) region, the University of Washington School of Medicine (UWSOM) is in a unique position to train future physicians to provide healthcare that meets the needs of LGBTQ patients both regionally and nationally. Objective: To describe our methodology of developing a student-driven longitudinal, region-wide curriculum to train medical students to provide high-quality care to LGBTQ patients. Methods: A 4-year LGBTQ Health Pathway was developed and implemented as a student-led initiative at the UWSOM. First- and second-year medical students at sites across the WWAMI region are eligible to apply. Accepted Pathway students complete a diverse set of pre-clinical and clinical components: online modules, didactic courses, longitudinal community service/advocacy work, a scholarly project, and a novel clinical clerkship in LGBTQ health developed specifically for this Pathway experience. Students who complete all requirements receive a certification of Pathway completion. This is incorporated into the Medical Student Performance Evaluation as part of residency applications. Results: The LGBTQ Health Pathway is currently in its fourth year. A total of 43 total students have enrolled, of whom 37.3% are based in the WWAMI region outside of Seattle. Pathway students have completed a variety of scholarly projects on LGBTQ topics, and over 1000 hours of community service/advocacy. The first cohort of 8 students graduated with a certificate of Pathway completion in spring 2020. Conclusions: The LGBTQ Health Pathway at UWSOM is a novel education program for motivated medical students across the 5-state WWAMI region. The diverse milestones, longitudinal nature of the program, focus on rural communities, and opportunities for student leadership are all strengths and unique aspects of this program. The Pathway curriculum and methodology described here serve as a model for student involvement and leadership in medical education. This program enables medical students to enhance their training in the care of LGBTQ patients and provides a unique educational opportunity for future physicians who strive to better serve LGBTQ populations.
Visual Acuity Outcomes in Patients Receiving Frequent Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Clinical Practice
Authors: Moshfeghi Andrew A. , Pitcher John D. , Lucas Genevieve , Boucher Nick , Saroj Namrata 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: This work evaluates dosing frequency with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents over 2 years and visual acuity (VA) outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods: This retrospective analysis assesses electronic medical record data (Vestrum Health treatment and outcomes database) of newly diagnosed nAMD in patients who were initiated on intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment at US clinical sites. Eyes were divided into 2 injection frequency subcohorts (≤ 6 or > 6 injections/y); treatment frequency and change in mean VA (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters) were evaluated. Results: Overall, 8127 of 213 824 eyes met inclusion criteria in year 1 and 4968 in year 2. During year 1, 77% of the eyes received more than 6 injections (n = 6287), the majority of which received injections at the same frequency during year 2. Mean VA gain from baseline at year 1 was lower in the ≤ 6 than > 6 injections/y subcohort (2.2 vs 6.5, P < .001). Decrease in mean VA from the end of year 1 to year 2 was significantly greater for eyes administered 6 or fewer injections in year 2 than those that received more frequent injections, irrespective of the frequency of injections in the first year. Conclusions: In routine clinical practice, most eyes with nAMD that completed at least 1 year of follow-up were treated with more than 6 injections of anti-VEGF agents during the first year of treatment, resulting in better VA gains than eyes treated less frequently during the same period.
Meta-analysis on short-term exposure to ambient ultrafine particles and respiratory morbidity
Authors: Samoli Evangelia , Rodopoulou Sophia , Schneider Alexandra , Morawska Lidia , Stafoggia Massimo , Renzi Matteo , Breitner Susanne , Lanki Timo , Pickford Regina , Schikowski Tamara , Okokon Enembe , Zhang Siqi , Zhao Qi , Peters Annette 
Published: October 2020

AimThere is growing interest in the health effects following exposure to ambient particles with a diameter <100 nm defined as ultrafine particles (UFPs), although studies so far have reported inconsistent results. We have undertaken a systematic review and meta-analysis for respiratory hospital admissions and emergency room visits following short-term exposure to UFPs.MethodsWe searched PubMed and the Web of Science for studies published up to March 2019 to update previous reviews. We applied fixed- and random-effects models, assessed heterogeneity between cities and explored possible effect modifiers.ResultsWe identified nine publications, reporting effects from 15 cities, 11 of which were European. There was great variability in exposure assessment, outcome measures and the exposure lags considered. Our meta-analyses did not support UFP effects on respiratory morbidity across all ages. We found consistent statistically significant associations following lag 2 exposure during the warm period and in cities with mean daily UFP concentrations <6000 particles·cm‒3, which was approximately the median of the city-specific mean levels. Among children aged 0–14 years, a 10 000 particle·cm‒3increase in UFPs 2 or 3 days before was associated with a relative risk of 1.01 (95% CI 1.00–1.02) in respiratory hospital admissions.ConclusionsOur study indicates UFP effects on respiratory health among children, and during the warm season across all ages at longer lags. The limited evidence and the large heterogeneity of previous reports call for future exposure assessment harmonisation and expanded research.
Structural evolution along the Susa Shear Zone: the role of a first-order shear zone in the exhumation of meta-ophiolite units (Western Alps)
Authors: Ghignone Stefano , Balestro Gianni , Gattiglio Marco , Borghi Alessandro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the Western Alps, different shear zones acting at different depths have been investigated for explaining multistage exhumation of (U)HP units, and several exhumation models have been proposed for explaining present-day stacking of different tectonometamorphic units. This study aims to reconstruct the tectonic evolution of the Susa Shear Zone (SSZ), a polyphasic first-order shear zone, outcropping in the Susa Valley. The SSZ consists of a thick mylonitic zone, along which units characterized by different Alpine metamorphic P–T peaks are coupled. In the study area, the footwall of the SSZ mostly consists of oceanic units (i.e., Internal Piedmont Zone), which record eclogitic conditions, whereas the hanging wall consists of oceanic units (i.e., External Piedmont Zone), which record blueschist-facies conditions. These tectonic units were deformed during subduction- and exhumation-related Alpine history, throughout four main regional deformation phases (from D1 to D4), and were coupled along the SSZ, wherein two shearing events have been distinguished (T1 and T2). T1 occurred during early exhumation and was characterized by “apparent reverse” Top-to-E kinematics, whereas T2 occurred during late exhumation and was characterized by Top-to-W kinematics. Detailed fieldwork and structural analysis allowed us to describe the main features of the different deformation stages and define the deformation relative timing. As final result, we propose a four-step geodynamic model, focused on the different stages developed along the SSZ, from pre-T1 to syn-T2, showing the geometrical relationships between the tectonic units involved in the exhumation. The model aims at explaining the role of the SSZ in the axial sector of the Western Alps.
Mapping green infrastructure and socioeconomic indicators as a public management tool: the case of the municipalities of Andalusia (Spain)
Authors: Caparrós Martínez José Luis , Milán García Juan , Rueda López Nuria , de Pablo Valenciano Jaime 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundGreen Infrastructure (GI) is defined as a strategically planned network of natural and semi-natural spaces that provide society, in both rural and urban areas, with a large number of goods and services of great value and economic importance such as clean air and water, carbon storage, pollination or protection against the effects of climate change. Traditionally, municipalities, like other territorial units, are characterized by a series of social and economic indicators that determine their degree of local development. The objective of this article is to identify and assess, through a system of indicators, what role urban and rural municipalities in Andalusia (Spain) play in the provision and reception of ecosystem services. To this end, Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques are used and a cluster analysis is carried out to contrast the results.ResultsRural municipalities show the largest portion of GI area in the whole region. However, they show a low socioeconomic level, with high unemployment rates.ConclusionsIt can be said that the municipalities in rural areas are "ecologically" financing the entire Andalusian population. Faced with this situation, the decisions, and actions of policymakers in this region should aim at promoting measures that can restore and conserve GIs, addressing the demographic and/or socioeconomic imbalances of the region.
Evaluation of the effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the zebrafish touch-evoked response: quantitative vs. qualitative assessment
Authors: Guzman Laura , Besa Gisela , Linares Daniela , González Lara , Pont Caterina , Bartolini Manuela , Haigis Ann-Cathrin , Legradi Jessica , Muñoz-Torrero Diego , Gómez-Catalán Jesús , Barenys Marta 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The difficulty of finding new treatments for neurological diseases with great impact in our society like Alzheimer’s disease can be ascribed in part to the complexity of the nervous system and the lack of quick and cost-effective screening tools. Such tools could not only help to identify potential novel treatments, but could also be used to test environmental contaminants for their potential to cause neurotoxicity. It has been estimated that 5–10% of the anthropogenic chemicals are developmental neurotoxic (DNT) and exposure to DNT compounds has been linked to several neurological diseases. Within this study we were testing the applicability of a quick and cost-effective behavioural test using zebrafish embryos: the touch-evoked response assay, in this case, an assay evaluating the swimming response to a tap in the tail. Two acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors positive controls (paraoxon and huprine Y), as well as 10 huprine-derivative compounds were tested and the results were evaluated using 2 different methods, a quantitative and a qualitative one.

Results
We could show that the methodology presented is able to detect behavioural effects of AChE inhibitors. A good correlation between the results obtained with the quantitative and the qualitative method was obtained (R2 = 0.84).

Conclusions
Our proposed method enables combination of screening for new drugs with toxicity screening in a whole embryo model alternative to animal experimentation, thereby merging 2 drug development steps into one.
New administrative data on welfare dynamics in Germany: the Sample of Integrated Welfare Benefit Biographies (SIG)
Authors: Bruckmeier Kerstin , Dummert Sandra , Grunau Philipp , Hohmeyer Katrin , Lietzmann Torsten 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Sample of Integrated Welfare Benefit Biographies (SIG) is a new administrative longitudinal microdata set representative of recipients of Germany’s main welfare programme, the Unemployment Benefit II (UB II, Arbeitslosengeld II). The data set contains detailed longitudinal information on welfare receipt and labour market activities, and hence enables researchers to analyse the dynamics of benefit receipt, income and employment. A distinct feature of the SIG is that it provides information not only for individual benefit recipients but also for family members, including children and partners. This is possible because eligibility for UB II benefits depends on the household structure, and it is means-tested on household income. In addition to socio-demographic and regional information, the SIG contains extensive information on the employment biographies of benefit recipients and their household members from the Integrated Employment Biographies (IEB) of the Institute for Employment Research (IAB). This allows researchers to examine the interaction between labour market participation and benefit receipt. The SIG is available to researchers at the Research Data Centre (FDZ) of the Federal Employment Agency (BA) at the IAB.
Comparison of the impact of propofol versus sevoflurane on early postoperative recovery in living donors after laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: a prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Han Sangbin , Park Jaesik , Hong Sang Hyun , Lim Soojin , Park Yong Hyun , Chae Min Suk 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Enhancing postoperative recovery of the donor is important to encourage living kidney donation. We investigated the effects of anesthetic agents (intravenous [IV] propofol versus inhaled [IH] sevoflurane) on the quality of early recovery of healthy living kidney donors after hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy (HALN) under analgesic intrathecal morphine injection.

Methods
This single-center, prospective randomized controlled study enrolled 80 living donors undergoing HALN from October 2019 to June 2020 at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital. Donors were randomly assigned to the IV propofol group or IH sevoflurane group. To measure the quality of recovery, we used the Korean version of the Quality of Recovery-40 questionnaire (QoR-40 K) on postoperative day (POD) 1, and ambulation (success rate, number of footsteps) 6–12 h after surgery and on POD 1. The pain score for the wound site, IV opioid requirement, postoperative complications including incidences of nausea/vomiting, and length of in-hospital stay were also assessed.

Results
The global QoR-40 K score and all subscale scores (physical comfort, emotional state, physical independence, psychological support, and pain) were significantly higher in the IV propofol group than in the IH sevoflurane group. The numbers of footsteps at all time points were also higher in the IV propofol group. Donors in the IV propofol group had a lower incidence of nausea/vomiting, and a shorter hospitalization period.

Conclusions
Total IV anesthesia with propofol led to better early postoperative recovery than that associated with IH sevoflurane.

Trial registration
Clinical Research Information Service, Republic of Korea (approval number: KCT0004351) on October 18, 2019.
Prevalence and associated factors of birth asphyxia among live births at Debre Tabor General Hospital, North Central Ethiopia
Authors: Bayih Wubet Alebachew , Yitbarek Getachew Yideg , Aynalem Yared Asmare , Abate Biruk Beletew , Tesfaw Aragaw , Ayalew Metadel Yibeltal , Belay Demeke Mesfin , Hailemeskel Habtamu Shimelis , Alemu Abebaw Yeshambel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMore than one third of the neonatal deaths at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Debre Tabor General Hospital (DTGH) are attributable to birth asphyxia. Most of these neonates are referred from the maternity ward in the hospital. Concerns have also been raised regarding delayed intrapartum decisions for emergency obstetrics action in the hospital. However, there has been no recent scientific evidence about the exact burden of birth asphyxia and its specific determinants among live births at maternity ward of DTGH. Moreover, the public health importance of delivery time and professional mix of labor attendants haven’t been addressed in the prior studies.MethodsHospital based cross sectional study was conducted on a sample of 582 mother newborn dyads at maternity ward. Every other mother newborn dyad was included from December 2019 to March 2020. Pre-tested structured questionnaire and checklist were used for data collection. The collected data were processed and entered into Epidata version 4.2 and exported to Stata version 14. Binary logistic regressions were fitted and statistical significance was declared at p less than 0.05 with 95% CI.ResultsThe prevalence of birth asphyxia was 28.35% [95% CI: 26.51, 35.24%]. From the final model, fetal mal-presentation (AOR = 6.96: 3.16, 15.30), premature rupture of fetal membranes (AOR = 6.30, 95% CI: 2.45, 16.22), meconium stained amniotic fluid (AOR = 7.15: 3.07, 16.66), vacuum delivery (AOR =6.21: 2.62, 14.73), night time delivery (AOR = 6.01: 2.82, 12.79) and labor attendance by medical interns alone (AOR = 3.32:1.13, 9.78) were positively associated with birth asphyxia at 95% CI.ConclusionsThe prevalence of birth asphyxia has remained a problem of public health importance in the study setting. Therefore, the existing efforts of emergency obstetric and newborn care should be strengthened to prevent birth asphyxia from the complications of fetal mal-presentation, premature rupture of fetal membranes, meconium stained amniotic fluid and vacuum delivery. Moreover, night time deliveries and professional mixes of labor and/delivery care providers should be given more due emphasis.