bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The miR156/SPL module regulates apple salt stress tolerance by activating MdWRKY100 expression
Authors: Ma Yue , Xue Hao , Zhang Feng , Jiang Qiu , Yang Shuang , Yue Pengtao , Wang Feng , Zhang Yuanyan , Li Linguang , He Ping , Zhang Zhihong 
Published: August 2020

SummarySalt stress dramatically impedes plant growth and development as well as crop yield. The apple production regions are reduced every year, because of the secondary salt damage by improper fertilization and irrigation. To expand the cultivation area of apple (Malus domestica) and select salt‐resistant varieties, the mechanism of salt tolerance in apple is necessary to be clarified. The miR156/SPL regulatory module plays key roles in embryogenesis, morphogenesis, life cycle stage transformation, flower formation and other processes. However, its roles in the mechanisms of salt tolerance are unknown. In order to elucidate the mechanism of 156/SPL regulating salt stress in apple, we performed RLM‐5’ RACE and stable genetic transformation technology to verify that both mdm‐MIR156a and MdSPL13 responded to salt stress in apple and that the latter was the target of the former. MIR156a overexpression weakened salt resistance in apple whereas MdSPL13 overexpression strengthened it. A total of 6094 differentially expressed genes relative to nontransgenic apple plants were found by RNA‐Seq analysis of MdSPL13OE. Further verification indicated that MdSPL13 targeted the MdWRKY100 gene promoter. Moreover, MdWRKY100 overexpression enhanced salt tolerance in apple. Our results revealed that the miR156/SPL module regulates salt tolerance by up‐regulating MdWRKY100 in apple. This study is the first to elucidate the mechanism underlying the miRNA network response to salt stress in apple and provides theoretical and empirical bases and genetic resources for the molecular breeding of salt tolerance in apple.
Qualitative analysis and functional classification of the uterine proteome of mares in oestrus and dioestrus
Authors: Khan Firdous A. , Diel de Amorim Mariana , Chenier Tracey S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuantitative analysis of the uterine flush fluid proteome of mares in oestrus and dioestrus has been previously reported. The objectives of this study were to: a) evaluate qualitative differences in the uterine flush fluid proteome between mares in oestrus and mares in dioestrus and b) perform a functional classification of proteins either unique to each stage or common between the two stages. Uterine flush fluid samples were collected from 8 light breed mares in either oestrus (n = 5) or dioestrus (n = 3). Proteomic analysis of the samples was conducted using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Proteins exclusively detected in oestrus or dioestrus and those common to both stages were identified using the Scaffold software (version 4.4.8, Proteome Software Inc., Portland, OR). The identified proteins were classified into gene ontology (GO) categories (cellular component [CC], molecular function [MF] and biological process [BP]) using the PANTHER (www.pantherdb.org) classification system version 14.0. Of 172 proteins identified, 51 and 28 were exclusively detected in mares in oestrus and dioestrus, respectively, and 93 proteins were common to both stages. The most represented terms in various GO categories were similar among the three subsets of proteins. The most represented CC terms were extracellular region and cell, the most represented MF terms were catalytic activity and binding, and the most represented BP terms were metabolic process and cellular process. In conclusion, proteomic analysis of the uterine flush fluid enabled the identification of subsets of proteins unique to oestrus or dioestrus, or common to both stages. The results of this study can serve as a baseline for future research focused on finding stage‐specific protein markers or evaluating differences in the uterine flush fluid proteome between normal mares and those with uterine disease.
Spillovers of the Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy from the US to South Africa
Authors: Kabundi Alain , Loate Tumisang , Viegi Nicola 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper assesses the effect of US monetary policy on South Africa during the period 1990–2018. We separately analyse and compare the effect of conventional monetary policy, before the Global Financial Crisis, and unconventional monetary policy, after the US monetary policy reached the zero‐lower bound. Our impulse response function results indicate that monetary policy in South Africa responds mainly to local inflation, economic activity and financial conditions. While there is strong correlation between the global and South African financial cycle, the financial cycle is not transmitted to the real economy because of the sluggish response of industrial production and domestic credit, especially after the global financial crisis. We see this as an indication of the effects of structural issues to the real economy and constrained households’ balance sheet which has prevented the local economy to take advantage of low local interest rates and the global economic recovery after the crisis.
Natural and anthropogenic compaction in North Germany (Schleswig‐Holstein): Verification of harmful subsoil compactions
Authors: Mordhorst Anneka , Fleige Heiner , Burbaum Bernd , Filipinski Marek , Horn Rainer 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany soil types in the federal state of Schleswig‐Holstein (North Germany) are naturally compacted in the subsoil due to pedo‐ or geogenic processes (42% of the area) but, due to anthropogenic impacts, the percentage of subsoil compaction has increased further. To determine the overall subsoil compaction status of seven representative soil types in Schleswig‐Holstein (≤ 60 cm depth), air capacity (AC), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and effective bulk density (ρBeff) of 342 soil profiles from the database of the State Agency for Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas of Schleswig‐Holstein (LLUR) were evaluated with respect to critical threshold values (AC < 5 Vol.‐%, Ks < 10 cm day−1, ρBeff > 1.7 g cm−3). The compaction status was classified into Classes I–IV, where a harmful subsoil compaction was assumed if both values of AC and Ks simultaneously exceeded (are smaller than) their threshold value (Class IV). Subsoils of (Stagnic) Luvisols and Stagnosols derived from glacial till, as well as those of Fluvic Gleyic Stagnosols of the marshlands, showed a high degree of natural compaction (46%–65% in Class IV). In contrast, sandy subsoil horizons of Podzols and Brunic Arenosols derived from glacifluvial sediments were rarely compacted (< 13% in Class IV), and possessed the lowest ρBeff, which were similar to Anthrosols. Only 5%–18% of their subsoil horizons exceeded the critical value of 1.7 g cm−3. Additionally, anthropogenic subsoil compaction of at least 6%–10% was verified for (Stagnic) Luvisols and Stagnosols.
Very late‐onset cytomegalovirus disease with ganciclovir resistance >15 years following renal transplantation
Authors: Khan Sadid F. , Yong Michelle K. , Slavin Monica A. , Hughes Peter , Sasadeusz Joseph 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after solid organ transplantation. There has been a significant shift in disease epidemiology with the introduction of antiviral prophylaxis, with CMV disease occurring later and clinical presentations more atypical. We describe two cases of very late‐onset CMV disease where first disease occurred 15 and 18 years post–renal transplantation, with both cases complicated by antiviral drug resistance. We subsequently review the published cases and literature of very late‐onset CMV disease (onset > 10 years post–solid organ transplantation) as an increasingly recognized phenomenon which is emerging as an important aspect in improving long‐term patient outcomes in the current era of renal transplantation.
Dissection of the domestication‐shaped genetic architecture of lettuce primary metabolism
Authors: Zhang Weiyi , Alseekh Saleh , Zhu Xiang , Zhang Qinghua , Fernie Alisdair R. , Kuang Hanhui , Wen Weiwei 
Published: August 2020

SummaryLettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is an important vegetable crop species worldwide. The primary metabolism of this species is essential for its growth, development and reproduction as well as providing a considerable direct source of energy and nutrition for humans. Here, through investigating 77 primary metabolites in 189 accessions including all major horticultural types and wild lettuce L. serriola we showed that the metabolites in L. serriola were different from those in cultivated lettuce. The findings were consistent with the demographic model of lettuce and supported a single domestication event for this species. Selection signals among these metabolic traits were detected. Specifically, galactinol, malate, quinate and threonate were significantly affected by the domestication process and cultivar differentiation of lettuce. Galactinol and raffinose might have been selected during stem lettuce cultivation as an adaption to the local environments in China. Furthermore, we identified 154 loci significantly associated with the level of 51 primary metabolites. Three genes (LG8749721, LG8763094 and LG5482522) responsible for the levels of galactinol, raffinose, quinate and chlorogenic acid were further dissected, which may have been the target of domestication and/or affected by local adaptation. Additionally, our findings strongly suggest that human selection resulted in reduced quinate and chlorogenic acid levels in cultivated lettuce. Our study thus provides beneficial genetic resources for lettuce quality improvement and sheds light on the domestication and evolution of this important leafy green.
Precision transcriptomics of viral foci reveals the spatial regulation of immune‐signaling genes and identifies RBOHD as an important player in the incompatible interaction between potato virus Y and potato
Authors: Lukan Tjaša , Pompe‐Novak Maruša , Baebler Špela , Tušek‐Žnidarič Magda , Kladnik Aleš , Križnik Maja , Blejec Andrej , Zagorščak Maja , Stare Katja , Dušak Barbara , Coll Anna , Pollmann Stephan , Morgiewicz Karolina , Hennig Jacek , Gruden Kristina 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYWhereas the activation of resistance (R) proteins has been intensively studied, the downstream signaling mechanisms leading to the restriction of the pathogen remain mostly unknown. We studied the immunity network response conditioned by the potato Ny‐1 gene against potato virus Y. We analyzed the processes in the cell death zone and surrounding tissue on the biochemical and gene expression levels in order to reveal the spatiotemporal regulation of the immune response. We show that the transcriptional response in the cell death zone and surrounding tissue is dependent on salicylic acid (SA). For some genes the spatiotemporal regulation is completely lost in the SA‐deficient line, whereas other genes show a different response, indicating multiple connections between hormonal signaling modules. The induction of NADPH oxidase RBOHD expression occurs specifically on the lesion border during the resistance response. In plants with silenced RBOHD, the functionality of the resistance response is perturbed and the spread of the virus is not arrested at the site of infection. RBOHD is required for the spatial accumulation of SA, and conversely RBOHD is under the transcriptional regulation of SA. Using spatially resolved RNA‐seq, we also identified spatial regulation of an UDP‐glucosyltransferase, another component in feedback activation of SA biosynthesis, thus deciphering a novel aspect of resistance signaling.
The Acer truncatum genome provides insights into nervonic acid biosynthesis
Authors: Ma Qiuyue , Sun Tianlin , Li Shushun , Wen Jing , Zhu Lu , Yin Tongming , Yan Kunyuan , Xu Xiao , Li Shuxian , Mao Jianfeng , Wang Ya‐nan , Jin Shuangxia , Zhao Xing , Li Qianzhong 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYAcer truncatum (purpleblow maple) is a woody tree species that produces seeds with high levels of valuable fatty acids (especially nervonic acid). However, the lack of a complete genome sequence has limited both basic and applied research on A. truncatum. We describe a high‐quality draft genome assembly comprising 633.28 Mb (contig N50 = 773.17 kb; scaffold N50 = 46.36 Mb) with at least 28 438 predicted genes. The genome underwent an ancient triplication, similar to the core eudicots, but there have been no recent whole‐genome duplication events. Acer yangbiense and A. truncatum are estimated to have diverged about 9.4 million years ago. A combined genomic, transcriptomic, metabonomic, and cell ultrastructural analysis provided new insights into the biosynthesis of very long‐chain monounsaturated fatty acids. In addition, three KCS genes were found that may contribute to regulating nervonic acid biosynthesis. The KCS paralogous gene family expanded to 28 members, with 10 genes clustered together and distributed in the 0.27‐Mb region of pseudochromosome 4. Our chromosome‐scale genomic characterization may facilitate the discovery of agronomically important genes and stimulate functional genetic research on A. truncatum. Furthermore, the data presented also offer important foundations from which to study the molecular mechanisms influencing the production of nervonic acids.
Two chloroplast thioredoxin systems differentially modulate photosynthesis in Arabidopsis depending on light intensity and leaf age
Authors: Guinea Diaz Manuel , Nikkanen Lauri , Himanen Kristiina , Toivola Jouni , Rintamäki Eevi 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYVarious regulatory mechanisms have evolved in plants to optimize photosynthetic activity under fluctuating light. Thioredoxins (TRX) are members of the regulatory network balancing activities of light and carbon fixation reactions in chloroplasts. We have studied the impact of two chloroplast TRX systems, the ferredoxin‐dependent TRX reductase (FTR) and the NADPH‐dependent TRX reductase C (NTRC) on regulation of photosynthesis by mutants lacking or overexpressing a component of either system. Plants were subjected to image‐based phenotyping and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements that allow long‐term monitoring of the development and photosynthetic activity of the rosettes, respectively. Our experiments demonstrate that NTRC and FTR systems respond differently to variation of light intensity. NTRC was an indispensable regulator of photosynthesis in young leaves, at light‐intensity transitions and under low light intensities limiting photosynthesis, whereas steady‐state exposure of plants to growth or higher light intensities diminished the need of NTRC in regulation of photosynthesis. In fluctuating light, overexpression of NTRC increased the quantum yield of Photosystem II (YII) at low light and stimulated the relaxation of non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ) after high light exposure, indicating that overexpression of NTRC improves leaf capacity to convert light energy to chemical energy under these conditions. Overexpression of chimeric protein (NTR‐TRXf) containing both the thioredoxin reductase and TRXf activity on an ntrc mutant background, did not completely recover either growth or steady‐state photosynthetic activity, whereas OE‐NTR‐TRXf plants exposed to fluctuating light regained the wild‐type level of Y(II) and NPQ.
Soybean BARCSoySNP6K: An assay for soybean genetics and breeding research
Authors: Song Qijian , Yan Long , Quigley Charles , Fickus Edward , Wei He , Chen Linfeng , Dong Faming , Araya Susan , Liu Jinlong , Hyten David , Pantalone Vincent , Nelson Randall L. 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYThe limited number of recombinant events in recombinant inbred lines suggests that for a biparental population with a limited number of recombinant inbred lines, it is unnecessary to genotype the lines with many markers. For genomic prediction and selection, previous studies have demonstrated that only 1000–2000 genome‐wide common markers across all lines/accessions are needed to reach maximum efficiency of genomic prediction in populations. Evaluation of too many markers will not only increase the cost but also generate redundant information. We developed a soybean (Glycine max) assay, BARCSoySNP6K, containing 6000 markers, which were carefully chosen from the SoySNP50K assay based on their position in the soybean genome and haplotype block, polymorphism among accessions and genotyping quality. The assay includes 5000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from euchromatic and 1000 from heterochromatic regions. The percentage of SNPs with minor allele frequency >0.10 was 95% and 91% in the euchromatic and heterochromatic regions, respectively. Analysis of progeny from two large families genotyped with SoySNP50K versus BARCSoySNP6K showed that the position of the common markers and number of unique bins along linkage maps were consistent based on the SNPs genotyped with the two assays; however, the rate of redundant markers was dramatically reduced with the BARCSoySNP6K. The BARCSoySNP6K assay is proven as an excellent tool for detecting quantitative trait loci, genomic selection and assessing genetic relationships. The assay is commercialized by Illumina Inc. and being used by soybean breeders and geneticists and the list of SNPs in the assay is an ideal resource for SNP genotyping by targeted amplicon sequencing.
Serosurvey of pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus in dogs in Andalusia (southern Spain)
Authors: Jurado‐Tarifa Estefanía , Cano‐Terriza David , Daly Janet M. , Arenas Antonio , García‐Bocanegra Ignacio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn April 2009, a new influenza A virus (IAV) subtype (A(H1N1)pdm09) spread worldwide and triggered the first human influenza pandemic of the 21st century. Since then, exposure to the pandemic H1N1 IAV has been confirmed in different animal species. Serological evidence and clinical infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 have been reported in canines, but the information available about the role of dogs in the epidemiology of this IAV subtype is still very limited in Europe. A cross‐sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of A(H1N1)pdm09 in dogs in southern Spain, a region with endemic seasonal circulation in human. Sera from 750 companion dogs were collected during the period 2013–2016. Antibodies against pandemic H1N1 IAV were analysed using the haemagglutination inhibition test. Positive samples were also tested by single radial haemolysis assay. Seropositivity was only confirmed by both methods in one (0.13%; 95% CI: 0.00–0.38) adult animal sampled in 2013. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of A(H1N1)pdm09 exposure in dogs in Spain. The low seroprevalence obtained indicates a limited exposure history to A(H1N1)pdm09 IAV in dogs in this country and suggests a low risk of transmission of this zoonotic IAV subtype between humans and dogs.
Randomised clinical trial of a gastrointestinal care bundle to reduce symptoms in patients with pelvic cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy
Authors: White Katherine L , Henson Caroline C , Hann Mark , Eden Martin , Burden Sorrel T , Lal Simon , Davidson Susan E , McLaughlin John T 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivePelvic radiotherapy is used to treat 17 000 people in the UK each year. Eight in 10 develop difficult bowel problems during pelvic treatment, especially diarrhoea, urgency and incontinence. Some cannot complete treatment, reducing the chance of cancer cure. Undertaking gastroenterologist-led investigation and management during pelvic radiotherapy has never been evaluated. In this study, we aimed to assess whether patients could successfully receive a novel gastrointestinal (GI) care bundle during chemoradiotherapy (feasibility aim) and would experience reduced symptom severity (clinical impact aim).DesignThis randomised controlled trial recruited patients with cervical and bladder cancers undergoing radical chemoradiotherapy. Participants were randomised to intervention or control groups. Questionnaire and anthropometric data were collected. All intervention group patients received individualised dietary counselling weekly throughout treatment, and if bowel symptoms developed they were offered rapid-access investigation and treatment for any identified pathology: lactose intolerance, bacterial overgrowth or bile acid malabsorption.ResultsFeasibility: 50 participants were recruited, 24 were randomised to the intervention group and 26 to the control group. All completed 20 fractions of external beam pelvic radiotherapy. It was possible to perform 57/72 (79%) of proposed intervention tests with no disruption of oncological management.Clinical impactAll participants developed GI symptoms during radiotherapy. The median symptom score for each group increased from baseline at 6 weeks. This was from 0.156 (0.000–0.333) to 0.600 (0.250–1.286) in the control group, and from 0.00 (0.000–0.300) to 0.402 (0.000–0.667) in the intervention group.ConclusionIt was feasible to recruit to and deliver a randomised controlled trial of interventions in patients undergoing pelvic chemoradiotherapy. Lower median bowel scores were reported in the intervention group at 6 weeks, with fewer patients experiencing symptoms overall.Trial registration numberISRCTN783488.
Potentially addictive drugs dispensing to patients receiving opioid agonist therapy: a register-based prospective cohort study in Norway and Sweden from 2015 to 2017
Authors: Vold Jørn Henrik , Aas Christer , Skurtveit Svetlana , Odsbu Ingvild , Chalabianloo Fatemeh , Reutfors Johan , Halmøy Anne , Johansson Kjell Arne , Fadnes Lars Thore 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo compare the use of benzodiazepines, z-hypnotics, gabapentinoids, opioids and centrally acting stimulants (CAS) among patients who had received opioid agonist therapy (OAT) in Norway and Sweden during the period 2015 - 2017.DesignA register-based prospective cohort study using information about dispensed drugs from the Norwegian Prescription Database and Swedish Prescribed Drug Register.SettingPatients who were dispensed OAT opioids from pharmacies.ParticipantsA total of 7176 Norwegian and 3591 Swedish patients on OAT were included.Outcome measuresThe number and frequency of potentially addictive drugs dispensed were calculated for the two countries. The mean daily doses of dispensed benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics were summarised by calculating benzodiazepines in diazepam equivalents and z-hypnotics in zopiclone equivalents.ResultsIn 2017, 46% of patients in Norway, and 15% in Sweden, were dispensed a benzodiazepine. Moreover, 14% in Norway and 26% in Sweden received z-hypnotics. Gabapentinoids were dispensed to 10% of patients in Norway and 19% of patients in Sweden. In Norway, 6% and 12% of the patients received strong and weak non-OAT opioids, respectively, whereas in Sweden 10% were dispensed strong non-OAT opioids and 5% weak non-OAT opioids . CAS were dispensed to 4% in Norway and 18% in Sweden. The mean daily doses of benzodiazepines were 16 and 17 mg diazepam equivalents in Norway and Sweden, respectively. For z-hypnotics, the mean daily dose was 8 mg zopiclone equivalents in both countries. ‘Benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics’ was the most dispensed drug combination in 2017. Similar results were found in 2015 and 2016.ConclusionsNearly half of those patients who were dispensed an OAT opioid in Norway and Sweden were dispensed potentially addictive drugs. The differences identified between Norway and Sweden might be related to differences in eligibility guidelines and restrictions with respect to OAT.