bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The autonomic innervation of hairy skin in humans: an in vivo confocal study
Authors: Donadio Vincenzo , Incensi Alex , Vacchiano Veria , Infante Rossella , Magnani Martina , Liguori Rocco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe autonomic innervation of the skin includes different subsets of adrenergic and cholinergic fibers both in humans and animals. The corresponding chemical code is complex and often difficult to ascertain. Accordingly, a detailed histochemical description of skin autonomic fiber subtypes is lacking in humans. To characterize skin autonomic nerve subtypes may help to better understand the selective damage of specific skin autonomic fibers affecting human diseases such as the adrenergic fibers directed to skin vessels in Parkinson’s disease or the cholinergic sudomotor fibers in Ross Syndrome. The present study aimed at characterizing subtypes of autonomic fibers in relation to their target organs by means of an immunofluorescent technique and confocal microscopy. We studied 8 healthy subjects (5 males and 3 females) aged 45 ± 2 (mean ± SE) years without predisposing causes for peripheral neuropathy or autonomic disorders. They underwent skin biopsy from proximal (thigh) and distal (leg) hairy skin. A combination of adrenergic (i.e. tyrosine-hydroxylase- TH and dopamine beta-hydroxylase- DbH) and cholinergic (vesicular acetylcholine transporter- VACHT) autonomic markers and neuropeptidergic (i.e. neuropeptide Y- NPY, calcitonin gene-related peptide- CGRP, substance P- SP, and vasoactive intestinal peptide- VIP) markers were used to characterize skin autonomic fibers. The analysed skin autonomic structures included: 58 sweat glands, 91 skin arterioles and 47 arrector pili muscles. Our results showed that all skin structures presented a sympathetic adrenergic but also cholinergic innervation although in different proportions. Sympathetic adrenergic fibers were particularly abundant around arterioles and arrector pili muscles whereas sympathetic cholinergic fibers were mainly found around sweat glands. Neuropeptides were differently expressed in sympathetic fibers: NPY were found in sympathetic adrenergic fibers around skin arterioles and very seldom sweat glands but not in adrenergic fibers of arrector pili muscles. By contrast CGRP, SP and VIP were expressed in sympathetic cholinergic fibers. Cholinergic fibers expressing CGRP, SP or VIP without TH or DbH staining were found in arterioles and arrector pili muscles and they likely represent parasympathetic fibers. In addition, all skin structures contained a small subset of neuropeptidergic fibers devoid of adrenergic and cholinergic markers with a likely sensory function. No major differences were found between males and females and proximal and distal sites. In summary hairy skin contains sympathetic adrenergic and cholinergic fibers differently distributed around skin structures with a specific distribution of neuropeptides. The autonomic skin innervation also contains a small amount of fibers, likely to be parasympathetic and sensory.
An improved multi-ridge fitting method for ring-diagram helioseismic analysis
Authors: Nagashima Kaori , Birch Aaron C. , Schou Jesper , Hindman Bradley W. , Gizon Laurent 
Published: November 2019

Context.There is a wide discrepancy in current estimates of the strength of convection flows in the solar interior obtained using different helioseismic methods applied to observations from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The cause for these disparities is not known.Aims.As one step in the effort to resolve this discrepancy, we aim to characterize the multi-ridge fitting code for ring-diagram helioseismic analysis that is used to obtain flow estimates from local power spectra of solar oscillations.Methods.We updated the multi-ridge fitting code developed by Greer et al. (2014, Sol. Phys., 289, 2823) to solve several problems we identified through our inspection of the code. In particular, we changed the (1) merit function to account for the smoothing of the power spectra, (2) model for the power spectrum, and (3) noise estimates. We used Monte Carlo simulations to generate synthetic data and to characterize the noise and bias of the updated code by fitting these synthetic data.Results.The bias in the output fit parameters, apart from the parameter describing the amplitude of thep-mode resonances in the power spectrum, is below what can be measured from the Monte-Carlo simulations. The amplitude parameters are underestimated; this is a consequence of choosing to fit the logarithm of the averaged power. We defer fixing this problem as it is well understood and not significant for measuring flows in the solar interior. The scatter in the fit parameters from the Monte-Carlo simulations is well-modeled by the formal error estimates from the code.Conclusions.We document and demonstrate a reliable multi-ridge fitting method for ring-diagram analysis. The differences between the updated fitting results and the original results are less than one order of magnitude and therefore we suspect that the changes will not eliminate the aforementioned orders-of-magnitude discrepancy in the amplitude of convective flows in the solar interior.
Die Nachsorge des Lungenkarzinoms
Authors: Tufman Amanda , Duell Thomas , Schneider Christian 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungZiel dieses Beitrags ist es, die aktuellen Leitlinien bzw. Empfehlungen zur Nachsorge des Lungenkarzinoms zu präsentieren und eine evidenzbasierte Herangehensweise für die Erstellung von individualisierten Nachsorgepläne aufzuzeigen.
Perinatal Outcomes of Women Aged 50 Years and Above
Authors: Maoz-Halevy Erez , Pariente Gali , Sheiner Eyal , Wainstock Tamar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective Pregnancies among women aged 40 and above are increasing in frequency. Nevertheless, little is known about the perinatal outcomes of women aged 50 years and above. The purpose of the study was to evaluate pregnancy outcomes in women at an extremely advanced maternal age of 50 years or above.
Study Design In a population-based cohort study, perinatal outcomes of women aged 50 years and above were compared with pregnancies in women according to maternal age. All singleton deliveries that occurred between the years 1991 and 2014 in a tertiary medical center were included. We excluded fetuses with congenital anomalies and chromosomal abnormality. Logistic regression models were used to control for confounders.
Results During the study period, 242,771 deliveries were included, of which 234,824 (96.7%) occurred in women aged < 40 years, 7,321 (3.0%) in women aged 40 to 44 years, 558 (0.2%) in women aged 45 to 49 years, and 68 (0.03%) in women aged 50 years and above. Maternal age of 50 years and above was noted as an independent risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), low Apgar scores, and cesarean delivery. Nevertheless, among pregnancies of women aged 50, pregnancy outcomes including GDM, preterm delivery, cesarean delivery, lower Apgar scores at 5 minutes (<7), and perinatal mortality were not significantly different than pregnancy outcomes of women aged 40 to 49 years.
Conclusion Pregnancy at the maternal age of 50 years and older is independently associated with higher rates of GDM, cesarean delivery, and lower Apgar scores at 5 minutes; however, most perinatal complications were not higher compared with pregnant women aged 40 to 49 years. These findings suggest that while there is an increased risk of perinatal complications in pregnancies of women aged 40 years or above compared with younger women, there are no significant increased risks in women aged over 50 years.
Time of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Admission and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Williams Vijai , Jaiswal Nishant , Chauhan Anil , Pradhan Pranita , Jayashree Muralidharan , Singh Meenu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the association between the time of admission (day, night, and/or weekends) and mortality among critically ill children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Electronic databases that were searched include PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Ovid, and Cochrane Library since inception till June 15, 2018. The article included observational studies reporting inhospital mortality and the time of admission to PICU limited to patients aged younger than 18 years. Meta-analysis was performed by a frequentist approach with both fixed and random effect models. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. Ten studies met our inclusion criteria. Five studies comparing weekday with weekend admissions showed better odds of survival on weekdays (odds ratio [OR]: 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60–0.99). Pooled data of four studies showed that odds of mortality were similar between day and night admissions (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.77–1.13). Similarly, three studies comparing admission during off-hours versus regular hours did not show better odds of survival during regular hours (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.57–1.05). Heterogeneity was significant due to variable sample sizes and time period. Inconsistency in adjusting for confounders across the included studies precluded us from analyzing the adjusted risk of mortality. Weekday admissions to PICU were associated with lesser odds of mortality. No significant differences in the odds of mortality were found between admissions during day versus night or between admission during regular hours and that during off-hours. However, the evidence is of low quality and requires larger prospective studies.
Heart Failure in a Patient with Leprosy
Authors: SriKrishna Srikakulapu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLeprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infection caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Though leprosy predominantly involves peripheral nerves and skin, visceral involvement was recognized as early as 1894 by Hansen and Looft. It is known that the bacilli can lie dormant in some tissues of the body long after the skin smears have become negative. We describe a case of leprosy in an Indian male who presented to us with heart failure. This is likely the first report of showing the possible association of leprosy with heart failure from India. The cardiovascular involvement in leprosy is briefly reviewed.
Combined mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibition blocks growth and induces catastrophic macropinocytosis in cancer cells
Authors: Srivastava Ritesh K. , Li Changzhao , Khan Jasim , Banerjee Nilam Sanjib , Chow Louise T. , Athar Mohammad 
Published: November 2019

Significance
We report that cell lines of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and cancer cell lines of skin, breast, lung, and cervix are highly sensitive to mTORC1/2 dual inhibitors. mTORC1/2 complexes regulate protein synthesis, cell proliferation, growth, stress responses and survival. The cancer cells died by a catastrophic process, called macropinocytosis, in which numerous single-membrane vacuoles filled with watery fluid formed, merged, and ruptured, killing the cells. Consistent with the findings in cultured cells, the growth of RMS cells implanted in immunocompromised mice was significantly reduced, especially in combination with cyclophosphamide, a standard chemotherapeutic drug to treat RMS.
Children’s acceptance of social robots
Authors: de Jong Chiara , Peter Jochen , Kühne Rinaldo , Barco Alex 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Social robots progressively enter children’s lives, but little is known about children’s acceptance of social
robots and its antecedents. To fill this research gap, this narrative review surveyed 34 articles on child-robot interaction
published between 2000 and 2017. We focused on robot, user, and interaction characteristics as potential antecedents of children’s
intentional and behavioral social robot acceptance. In general, children readily accept robots. However, we found that social,
adaptive robot behavior, children’s sex and age, as well as frequency of the interaction seem to affect acceptance. Additionally,
we found various theoretical and methodological shortcomings in the field. The review concludes with recommendations and
directions for future research on children’s acceptance of social robots.
The graphical abstract as a new genre in the promotion of science
Authors: Hendges Graciela Rabuske , Florek Cristiane Salete 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study explores an increasingly popular Internet genre, the graphical abstract, and its relations to verbal abstracts and to the images used in research articles. We develop a preliminary description of the form and function of GAs, based on a sample of texts from chemistry and engineering and on journal editors and authors’ perceptions about the genre. The results show significant variation among the texts, yet some discipline-internal regularities could be observed. These findings do not necessarily reflect editors and authors’ perceptions. The frequent use of color and drawings is related to the promotional role of graphical abstracts in attracting a wide range of readers, which approximates the genre to verbal abstracts, but dissociates it from scientific images. Graphical abstracts seem to combine the best of its precedent part-genres to optimize the journal readership.
The multimodal bridge between academics and practitioners in the Harvard Business Review’s digital context
Authors: Maier Carmen Daniela , Engberg Jan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this chapter we study adjusting strategies employed in the transition from research-based articles to other generic forms when the same knowledge is constructed and (re)mediated for different audiences and purposes. The empirical evidence is represented by a series of articles and related digital materials about and for the practice of management from the digital context of the Harvard Business Review.
We adopt a multimodal approach in our qualitative analysis, addressing the way semiotic modes interact and are combined across genres to identify the roles of the semiotic interplay in the adjusting strategies employed for enabling the knowledge construction and (re)mediation processes. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the level of complexity of the knowledge communicated in the articles and their digital context may be investigated.
Must/need, may/can and the scope of the modal auxiliary
Authors: Duffley Patrick 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article argues that the logical paraphrases used to describe the meanings of must, need,
may, and can obscure the natural-language semantic interaction between these verbs and negation. The
purported non-negatability of must is argued to be an illusion created by the indicative-mood paraphrase ‘is
necessary’, which treats the necessity as a reality rather than a non-reality. It is proposed that negation coalesces with the
modality that must itself expresses to produce a negatively-charged version of must’s modality:
the subject of musn’t is represented as being in a state of constraint in which the only possibility open to the
subject is oriented in the opposite direction to the realization of the infinitive’s event. The study also constitutes an argument
against a lexicalization analysis: in the combination mustn’t, must and not each contribute
their own meaning to the resultant sense, but according to their conceptual status as inherently irrealis notions.
Norms of language
Authors: Zlatev Jordan , Blomberg Johan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
After decades dominated by a focus on the “individual speaker” and the “mind/brain” in both generative and cognitive linguistics, recent years have reinstated an older view on language as primarily social, i.e. as taking place between people more than within them. Within such a social conception of language, it is natural to reconsider the notion of language norm, but there have been few efforts in this direction. Two eminent exceptions are Eugenio Coseriu and Esa Itkonen, whose approaches to linguistic normativity we here focus on. Even given a combination of their insights, we find that some puzzles remain, especially concerning the question where language norms derive from. We pose this question in the spirit of (generative) phenomenology where the task is “precisely to inquire after how historical and intersubjective structures themselves become meaningful at all, how these structures are and can be generated” (Steinbock 2003: 300). Following earlier work where we have argued for the value of a phenomenological approach to language, we show how the philosophical tradition emanating from Edmund Husserl can both help resolve conceptual puzzles surrounding language norms and clear up the ground for further empirical studies.
Norms of correctness and rationality in research on code-switching
Authors: Mäkilähde Aleksi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Among different types of norms, two of perhaps the most relevant for linguistics are those of correctness and rationality. The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate the relevance of both to research on code-switching. I approach the topic from the perspective of the philosophy of linguistics in an analysis of certain ontological and epistemological problems in CS research, and use this analysis to draw methodological implications for the field in general. In particular, a methodological synthesis between intuition and observation is discussed and illustrated with an analogy between languages and games.
Thermal analysis of a high-power glow discharge in flowing atmospheric air by combining Rayleigh scattering thermometry and numerical simulation
Authors: Kong Chengdong , Li Zhongshan , Aldén Marcus , Ehn Andreas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The thermal state of a glow discharge with intermediate current in flowing atmospheric air is investigated by a combination of Rayleigh scattering thermometry imaging and numerical simulation. Results from the simulation indicate that during the initial breakdown the local translational temperature can reach a huge value (e.g. 6000 K) but decreases quickly due to strong heat transfer to the surrounding cold air. In the gliding stage, the translational temperature of plasma is balanced by the input power density and the heat dissipation rate. As the gas flow rate is increased, the translational temperature in the glow plasma column diminishes. The flow affects the thermal state of plasma from two aspects. First, it promotes elongation of the plasma column to decrease the input power density. Second, the flow enhances local heat dissipation. As a result, the translational temperature is lowered due to flow. Using a two-temperature model, which considers the translational temperature, the vibrational temperature and their transitions, the non-thermal state of plasma is further analyzed. The gas flow is found to reduce the translational temperature and the vibrational–translational relaxation rate, and thus prevent thermalization of the plasma column.
Comparison of Elemental Analysis Techniques for Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration using X-rays and Electron Beams
Authors: An S , Norlin B , Hummelgård M , Thungström G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
With the rapid expansion of the waste incineration business both in Europe and globally, there is a growing need for the elemental analysis for fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration. In this work, samples of washed and unwashed ash from municipal solid waste incineration in Sundsvall are evaluated. Qualitative analysis and semi-quantitative analysis are used to compare two elemental analysis methods, scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurement. Both methods are used to retrieve the difference in elemental composition between washed and unwashed fly ash. SEM-EDS accurately detects light elements from well-prepared samples in a vacuum environment, while, for online measurements, XRF is a potential method that analyses hazardous metal content in the fly ash.
Silicone fire-resistant compositive material modification
Authors: Sadykov R , Rakhmatullina A , Voilochnikov V , Taramasova D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The effect of the thermally expanding flame retardant dosage as well as its combination with the modifier - the product of silicone rubber waste destruction - on the properties of cold-cured compositions based on low-molecular-weight silicone rubber was studied. It was shown that equal mass substitution of aluminum hydroxide for thermally expanding graphite in an amount of 5% by weight results in sealants with a swelling ratio of 5.8, which is sufficient for fire retardant systems used in nuclear and thermal power plants. It was established that the use of an optimal amount of destructive material (5% by weight) in combination with thermally expanding graphite leads to an increase of the conditional strength at break of silicone flame-resistant cold-curing compositions by 35%. The use of thermally expanding graphite and the silicone waste destruction product in the formulation of a silicone sealant reduces the cost of the composites obtained by 6% in terms of raw materials.
The fuel burning intensification in the swirl burner using air ionization on the power-generating heat-and-power plant
Authors: Maspanov S , Bogov I , Suhanov V , Shashikhin V , Denisov A , Smirnov Y , Lypar Y , Sidel’nikov B , Korotkov B , Akhmetov T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
According to experts, the power-generating complex in the entire chain from fuel production to the thermal energy application efficiency of the use of energy resources is only 44 %. That necessitates the researching of ways to enhance efficiency of organic fuel burning. One of the way to solve the problem is the burning fuel in the swirl burner with using of ionizated air. Domestic and international researches have shown that atomic oxygen increases the completeness combustion and reduces the number emitted into the atmosphere of pollutant emissions. At present, the reduction of air pollution of toxic substances allocated by industrial enterprises, is one of the most important problems facing humanity. Air pollution has a unhealthy exposure for humans and the environment. In this paper estimated effectiveness of existing chemical kinetic mechanisms of natural gas burning for the swirl burner and mechanisms unhealthy emissions produced based on the results of the evaluation. The purpose of work is to increase the effectiveness of fuel combustion and technical and economic, as well as environmental indicators in the swirl burner on the heat-and-power plant.
Development of a mobile power plant for thawing frozen soils
Authors: Sinitsyn Anton , Mihin Anton , Zaripova Daniya 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article proposes a new device for radiation-convective heating of working fluids, which can be used in particular for emergency and repair and construction works for heating of frozen soil, concrete, road surface and other building materials. The studies were carried out as part of implementation of the Innovation Assistance Fund for Energy Sector Enterprises.