bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OVERCOMING THE CHALLENGES OF TECHNOLOGY IN GERONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Lindsey Jacob , Goodrich Elena , Nguyen Khoa , Guerrero Cierra Leon , Scavone Colton , Pandya Supriya , Dorsey Tanner , Dodge Hiroko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Many older adults express a lack of confidence in using technology and this can become a barrier to participating in technology heavy research. This presentation will introduce the face-to-face digital communication, electronic medication adherence tracking, and online recruitment technology used in the I-CONECT study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02871921). In particular, we will demonstrate how the project has simplified enterprise video conferencing for in-home use, removed obstacles related to remote hardware troubleshooting, and further discuss how it has been received by older adults who have participated thus far. Finally we will cover particular hurdles related to I-CONECT (e.g., targeting social isolated older adults, aiming to recruit 50% of participants being African American older subjects living in the Detroit Metropolitan area). Our experience indicates that such high tech gerontological research is feasible given a creative and solution-focused research approaches and multi-disciplinary team.
PERSONALITY MODERATES INTERVENTION EFFECTS ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION: A 6-WEEK CONVERSATION-BASED INTERVENTION
Authors: Cerino Eric S , Hooker Karen , Goodrich Elena , Dodge Hiroko H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Conversation-based interventions have positive effects on cognitive health, though determining who benefits most is still unclear, and individuals’ personality may play a role. We utilized data from a 6-week randomized controlled trial to determine if conversation-based intervention effects were moderated by personality traits in 83 older adults (Mean age = 80.51 years, 49 cognitively intact, 34 with mild cognitive impairment). The intervention group participated in daily 30-minute face-to-face semi-structured conversations with trained interviewers for six weeks. Baseline psychosocial questionnaires and a neuropsychological battery were completed. Intervention group participants with high agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion exhibited significantly more improvement in language-based executive function tasks compared to a control group (ps&lt;.05). An opposite pattern for delayed recall memory and working memory tasks emerged among highly extraverted participants (ps&lt;.05). Findings suggest the adaptive role of personality traits in conversation-based cognitive interventions and offer evidence for personalized approaches to cognitive health in late life.
HOW DOES SOCIAL DEPRIVATION INFLUENCE END-OF-LIFE FRAILTY TRAJECTORIES? EVIDENCE FROM ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS
Authors: Stow Daniel , Hanratty Barbara , Matthews Fiona E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recent research has highlighted inequalities in frailty status, driven by social deprivation over the life course. However, little is known about the interaction between deprivation and frailty over clinically relevant timescales. We used an electronic frailty index, generated automatically in health records at monthly intervals for one year in 13,000 people age &gt;75 who died (cases), matched to 13,000 people with no record of death (controls). We used Index of Multiple Deprivation deciles and latent growth curve models to investigate the impact of deprivation on frailty trajectories. Greater deprivation was associated with higher baseline frailty, but did not influence the rate of change in frailty. We observed greater deprivation driven differences in frailty at baseline in controls than in cases, suggesting that a degree of convergence occurs as people near end-of-life. We discuss these results in light of end-of-life care policy and planning.
MARGRET M. AND PAUL B. BALTES FOUNDATION IN BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL GERONTOLOGY AWARD LECTURE
Authors: Pedersen Nancy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Margret M. and Paul B. Baltes Foundation Award in Behavioral and Social Gerontology recognizes outstanding early-career contributions in behavioral and social gerontology. The lecture will be given by the 2018 Baltes Award recipient, Frank Infurna, PhD, of Arizona State University. This session will also include the presentation of the 2019 Baltes Award. The 2019 Baltes Award recipient is Allison Bielak, PhD, of Colorado State University. Supported by the Margret M. and Paul B. Baltes Foundation.
UNMET NEEDS IN SELF-DIRECTED HCBS PROGRAMS
Authors: Mahoney Kevin J , Mahoney Ellen k , Morano Carmen , DeVellis Andrew 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Unmet Need for long-term services and supports has been linked to a variety of harmful health outcomes. One suggested strategy for ameliorating unmet need is to give participants control of the budget and let them construct individualized plans. The evaluation of the Cash and Counseling controlled experiment documented a marked reduction in unmet need when compared to traditional agency-based solutions, but it also showed significant unmet needs remained. This paper, drawing from 76 ethnographic case studies of Cash and Counseling participants, gives us an understanding of what those unmet needs are, who sees them, and what participants and their family caregivers see as possible remedies. Certain areas of unmet need identified in this study stand out. These included health-related problems, environmental issues, and the caregivers’ need for relied. The paper concludes with implications for care integration and the training of support brokers as warnings about reducing budgets.
OMICS IN AGING RESEARCH: FROM BIOMARKERS TO SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
Authors: Promislow Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Advances in whole genome sequencing have dramatically increased our potential to understand what shapes variation in rates of aging and age-related disease in natural populations, but we are still far from realizing this potential. Researchers have identified thousands of genetic markers associated with complex human traits. However, these markers typically explain a very small fraction of the observed variance, leaving an enormous explanatory gap between genotype and phenotype. I will present data from diverse species to illustrate the power of so-called endophenotypes—the epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome—to bridge the genotype-phenotype gap. Using multivariate and network models that integrate genetic information with other endophenotype variation, we are closer than ever to understanding the mechanisms that account for natural variation in aging and age-related disease, and the evolutionary forces that have shaped that variation.
HETEROGENEITY OF AGING IN HUMAN POPULATIONS
Authors: Jackie Han Jing-Dong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recently by analyzing the 3D facial images, we generated the first comprehensive mapping of the aging human facial phenome. We constructed a robust age predictor and found that on average people of the same chronological age differ by +/-6 years in facial age, with the deviations increasing after age 40. Using this predictor we identified slow- and fast-agers that are significantly supported by health indicators. We further profiled blood cell mRNA and lncRNA expression by RNA-seq of this cohort and computationally predict their regulatory networks and their contributions to the variation in aging rate among different individuals, and those that are modifiable by their lifestyles. By extending the study to a large Northern Chinese cohort of 10,000 people we can now use deep learning AI approaches to precisely estimate aging status based on 3D facial images and their associations with individuals’ health and medical history.
HELPING OTHERS IS A MIXED BLESSING: IMPLICATIONS FOR DAILY WELL-BEING
Authors: Huo Meng , Ng Yee , Fingerman Karen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The literature documents mixed findings regarding how helping others influences individuals’ mental and physical health. We assessed various types of support that older adults offered (e.g., emotional, practical, advice) and examined how helping others was associated with older adults’ daily mood and physical activity. This study utilized data from the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study, where 293 participants aged 65+ reported on their helping behaviors and mood at the end of each day across 5 days. Participants also wore Actical accelerometers to track physical activity. Multilevel models revealed that older adults reported greater negative mood and less physical activity on days when they provided emotional support. Yet, giving advice was associated with increased positive mood that day. Moreover, older adults spent less time being sedentary on days when they offered practical help. This study offers insights into psychological and health consequences of helping others by examining older adults’ everyday lives.
THE ASSISTED LIVING SETTING: CLINICAL CARE AND OUTCOMES
Authors: Resnick Barbara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Although the description of assisted living (AL) varies by state this term generally refers to residences that provide housing and supportive services, 24-hour supervision, and at least two meals a day to meet the individual needs of residents. Approximately 37% of residents in AL need help with three or more activities of daily living (ADLs), 42% have some cognitive impairment and 39% need skilled nursing services. Approximately 15 to 50% of older adults living in AL communities experience a fall over a 6 to 24 month period. The cause of these falls involves multiple factors at the resident and facility level. In addition to a high rate of falls there is a high rate of polypharmacy, using the polypharmacy definition of taking five or more medications daily. Polypharmacy results in negative outcomes such as falls and hospitalizations among AL residents. Along with high rates of falls and polypharmacy there is also a high incidence of pain among AL residents and concerns that some pain goes unreported and untreated. Pain, polypharmacy and falls can all influence life satisfaction along with other factors such as the environment itself. The purpose of this symposium is to describe the incidence and factors that influence falls, polypharmacy, pain and pain management and the impact of these care concerns, among others, on life satisfaction drawn from 508 residents from 54 nursing homes participating in the first two cohorts of the study testing the implementation of Function Focused Care for Assisted Living (FFC-AL-EIT).
FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO FALLS AMONG AL RESIDENTS
Authors: Boltz Marie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Many nurses, patients, and families continue to believe that physical activity increases the risk of falling. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that residents who are exposed to Function Focused Care for Assisted Living (FFC-AL-EIT) and engage in moderate levels of physical activity would not be more likely to fall. This was a secondary data analysis using data from the first two cohorts of the FFC-AL-EIT study. The study included 508 residents the majority of whom were female (70%), white (97%), with a mean age of 87.72 (SD=7.47). Those who engaged in more moderate intensity physical activity were 1% less likely to fall (b = -.01, Wald =6.13, p =.01). There was no association between exposure to function focused care and falling (Beta =.41, Wald =2.35, p=.13). Further, engaging in moderate level physical activity was noted to be slightly protective of falling.
KINLESSNESS AT THE TIME OF DEATH: IMPLICATIONS FOR END-OF-LIFE DECISION-MAKING
Authors: Ornstein Katherine , Mair Christine , Kristensen Marie Skov , Aldridge Melissa , Thygesen Lau Caspar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As our society continues to age and family size decreases, there is increasing concern about lack of caregiver availability. This may be especially important in the context of end-of-life decision-making. The goal of this study was to characterize the size and composition of the family network of adults at the time of death using a population-based register study. All adults in Denmark who died of natural causes 2009-2016 (n= 401,000) were linked to living adult family members (parents, children, spouses, sibling, great/grandchildren). While the majority of decedents were linked to multiple family members (median =5), 21.6% had no identified living family at the time of their death. Kinlessness was especially common among older women and those with dementia. In addition to supporting caregiving families at the end-of-life, we must also recognize that there are many kinless individuals who may benefit from early formal care planning services to facilitate end-of-life decision-making.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LENGTH OF HOSPICE STAY
Authors: Inoue Megumi , Kestenbaum Matthew G , Muir Cameron 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The benefits of early referral to hospice services have been well documented. However, late admissions and short hospice stays are ongoing issues that are often barriers to improving terminally-ill persons’ and the caregivers’ quality of life and the quality of care. Using ordered logistic regression, this study analyzed the length of stay of 7,307 patients who died in 2015 while receiving care in the largest hospice agency in the DC metro region. Cancer diagnoses and residence in a higher median income neighborhood were associated with shorter lengths of stay. Female sex, older age, and residence in a lower median income neighborhood were associated with longer lengths of stay. The findings indicate that differences in demographic and diagnostic characteristics likely affect hospice length of stay.
THE INTERSECTION OF ETHICS AND VULNERABLE ELDERS
Authors: Teaster Pamela B , Anetzberger Georgia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Researchers, practitioners and policymakers are daily confronted with multiple and competing situations regarding vulnerable older adults and the complex issues that they face in all aspects of their lives. Challenges can arise in the provision of social services, dispensing justice, conducting research, or addressing legal issues. The purpose of this symposium is to discuss dilemmas that vulnerable older adults and concerned others face by elucidating current and future challenges facing this population, particularly in the realms of compromised health (cognitive impairment); effective status (gender); care arrangements (home and community-based services); and abuse, neglect, and exploitation. Teaster and Anetzberger discuss relevant ethical theories and principles as well as a definition of vulnerability. Santos and Nichols-Hadeed report on ethical issues embedded in vulnerable elders’ cognitive status. Bowland and Halaas highlight the intersection of ethics, gender and vulnerable elders. Niles-Yokum and Beaumaster discuss the nexus of ethics and the provision of home and community based services for vulnerable older adults. Heisler considers vulnerabilities of older adults and ethical challenges when addressing elder abuse. Throughout the papers, we weave the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice.
ETHICAL DILEMMAS PRESENTED BY COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND VULNERABLE ELDERS
Authors: Santos Elizabeth J , Nichols-Hadeed Corey A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Identification and assessment for cognitive impairment is a difficult task further complicated by the need to determine capacity. Issues related to cognitive impairment and capacity create ethical dilemmas potentially spanning all four ethical principles: autonomy, beneficence, non-malfeasance, and justice. This paper uses a case scenario to describe different types of cognitive impairment and demonstrate ethical issues that commonly arise when treating patients with cognitive impairment in the clinical setting. The authors also recognize the complexity of capacity as an issue that spans both the medical and legal fields and provides explanations and distinctions. The overall goal of this paper is to raise awareness of the impact of cognitive impairment on the vulnerability of older adults, describe the complex ethical issues that cognitive impairment and capacity raise and the importance of defining capacity in the context of the legal and medical fields.
GERONTECHNOLOGY PERCEPTIONS AND POTENTIAL ROLE OF VR/AR IN OPTIMAL AGING
Authors: Margrett Jennifer , Boot Wally , Charness Neil , Hertzog Christopher , Shelley Mack , Narasimhan Balaji 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Technology presents opportunities to optimize whole person wellness and functioning. To understand tech readiness and the potential role of virtual (VR) and augmented reality (AR) to support optimal aging, we surveyed 604 participants from the nationally representative RAND American Life Panel. Participant age ranged from 50-90+, 51.5% were female, and 50% reported bachelor’s education or higher. Overall, 8% of the sample identified as Hispanic, with 15% of individuals also identifying as Black, Asian, or Asian Indian or Alaskan Native. Males reported greater optimism and technology innovation and adults aged 50-64 were the most optimistic. Overall, 80% of the sample reported VR familiarity compared to 33% AR. Regarding future needs, 75% of the participants expressed specific concerns about future ADL ability. Almost half of the respondents indicated willingness to use VR and AR to maintain or improve functioning with age and increased personalization of optimal aging emerged as a significant predictor.
EXPLORING OLDER ADULTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF PRESENCE AND IMMERSION IN DIVERSE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Boot Walter R , Dilanchian Andrew , Andringa Ronald 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Virtual Reality (VR) holds great promise for enhancing the health, well-being, and skills of older adults. However, VR solutions must consider the age-related “digital divide;”many older adults have less experience and proficiency with a number of newer technologies, which may serve as a barrier. Older adults especially have less experience with virtual environments, an experience many younger adults have acquired through video gaming. This study compared younger and older adults’ perceptions of immersion and presence in a series of diverse virtual environments using the HTC Vive. Participants experienced a VR meditation task, “indoor" and “outdoor” navigation tasks, and a fast-paced action game. Importantly, younger and older adults reported similarly high experiences of immersion and presence within virtual environments, and contrary to expectations, older adults reported fewer symptoms of cybersickness. Results suggest VR as a promising tool to promote the health and well-being of older adults.
HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF OLDER ADULTS IN LONG-TERM CARE FACILITIES: LESSONS FROM LONGITUDINAL STUDIES.
Authors: Barker Robert O , Kingston Andrew , Matthews Fiona , Hanratty Barbara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Older adults in long-term care facilities (LTCF) have complex needs for health care and support. There is a perception that residents’ needs are increasing over time, but little research evidence to back this up. In this study we brought together data on 1640 residents in LTCFs from three longitudinal studies, and conducted repeated cross-sectional analyses across a 25 year period. We found that the prevalence of severe disability amongst residents has increased from 56% to 80% over a 20 year period, driven by increases in difficulties in bathing and dressing. The prevalence of multimorbidity also increased from 29% to 56% between 2006 and 2014. A growth in the number of people with dementia, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases contributed to this. We conclude that residents in LTCFs have become a selected subset of the population, characterised by increasing needs for support. This poses an important challenge for future care provision.
NEW MODELS OF CARE FOR LONG-TERM CARE FACILITIES: WHAT DOES THE EVIDENCE TELL US?
Authors: Brittain Katie , Craig Dawn , Spilsbury Karen , Wilson Paul , Brittain Katie , Vines John 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Models of care are evolving to meet the demands of an ageing population in long-term care facilities. Syntheses of current evidence are an essential to inform future change. In this project we conducted a rapid synthesis of evidence relating to enhancing health in long term care facilities across technology and evaluation. Mapping reviews were conducted on the uses, benefits and challenges of technology in care homes and approaches to evaluation of new models of care. Systematic evidence syntheses addressed the questions of which technologies have a positive impact on resident health and well-being and which measurement tools have been validated for use in UK care homes. Key findings will be presented in animated format, including that the most promising interventions appear to be games that promote physical activity and enhance mental health. This presentation will highlight the benefits and importance of evidence synthesis to the development of models of care.
EAST MEETS WEST: IMPROVING HEALTH AND LONG-TERM CARE FOR OLDER ADULTS IN THE U.S. AND CHINA
Authors: Wu Bei , Lu Jie Hua 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As the number of older adults in the U.S. and China continues to increase, promoting healthy aging is essential for individuals, family, and society. Both countries face many similar issues due to their aging populations, including prolonging healthy life expectancy and providing quality of care. However, the change in demographics brings with it unique challenges for both the U.S and China. This forum invites scholars and researchers from these two countries to share their knowledge and insights on promoting healthy aging and improving care for older adults. This forum includes five presentations and one-panel discussion. Two presentations will focus on long-term care (LTC) in China, one is to forecast the needs of LTC in the next five decades, and the other is to evaluate the current LTC needs and discuss LTC policy. Using the data from the Health and Retirement Study, the third presentation aims to re-conceptualize spousal caregiving as a dyad-level phenomenon and provides a dynamic view of the spousal caregiving experiences. The last two presentations will focus on promoting healthy aging through clinical interventions. The fourth one is to evaluate the effectiveness of adaptive computer-based cognitive training among community-dwelling older adults in China. The last presentation provides some examples of using pragmatic clinical trials to improve the care of older adults in skilled nursing facilities in the U.S. After the five presentations, the three panelists will provide feedback to the presentations and share their views on healthy aging with the audience.
LONG-TERM CARE NEEDS BY CHINESE ELDERLY AND POLICY PRIORITIES IN CHINA
Authors: Sun Juan Juan , Wu Haichao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
With the life expectancy in China continuing to increase, age-dependent chronic diseases are also likely to increase, as is the number of people with long-term care needs. This study evaluated the Long Term Care (LTC) needs of the Chinese older population and introduced related policy priorities. Using the 2014 and 2016 “China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey”, this study assessed the physical functions of older adults by measuring their ability to perform Activities of Daily Living independently, compared changes within the two years, and explored other related indicators including, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, major chronic disease, and mental health conditions. The study also discussed the development of long-term care policies in China and highlighted the priorities of these policies.