bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Contribution of microRNA-30d to the prevention of the thyroid cancer progression: mechanism and implications
Authors: Shao Yuan , Zhang Shaoqiang , Wang Xiaoxia , Sun Xin , Wu Jie , Sui Fang , Yang Fangli , Dai Hao , Liu Junsong , Yao XiaoBao , Li Honghui , Liu Lifeng , Wang Xuan , Zheng Zhiwei , Xu Chongwen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Thyroid cancer is a major endocrine tumor and represents an emerging health problem worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been addressed to be associated with the pathogenesis and progression of thyroid cancer. However, it remains largely unknown what functions miR-30d may exert on thyroid cancer. This study herein aimed to identify the functional significance and mechanism of miR-30d in the progression of thyroid cancer.
Methods
The expression of miR-30d and ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) in cancerous tissues of patients with thyroid cancer was measured using RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. In response to the gain- or loss-of-function of miR-30d and USP22, cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining in combination with the measurement of apoptosis-related proteins. The interactions among miR-30d, USP22, SIRT1, FOXO3a and PUMA were explored using a series of assays, including dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, Co-IP and ChIP assay. The effects of miR-30d and USP22 on thyroid tumorigenesis were finally validated in vivo.
Results
MiR-30b presented aberrant low expression in thyroid cancer tissues and this low expression correlated with poor prognosis of thyroid cancer patients. miR-30d promoted apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells through targeting USP22, an up-regulated gene in thyroid cancer. USP22 could enhance the stability of SIRT1 by inducing deubiquitination which consequently contributed to FOXO3a deacetylation-induced PUMA repression. It was verified that this regulatory mechanism was responsible for the pro-apoptotic effect of miR-30d by the in vivo tumorigenicity assay.
Conclusion
To conclude, the progression of thyroid cancer can be suppressed by miR-30d-mediated inhibition of USP22, provides a promising therapeutic target for thyroid cancer treatment.
HSP60 regulates monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation by activating the TLR4-NF- κ B-MyD88 signaling pathway and disrupting mitochondrial function
Authors: Gao Wei , Huang Qiushi , Qin Ting , Mu Heng , Long Fan , Ren Long , Tang Huan , Liu Jianpin , Zeng Mei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Acute gout is an inflammatory response induced by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. HSP60 is a highly conserved stress protein that acts as a cellular “danger” signal for immune reactions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of HSP60 in the gout.
Methods

HSP60 expression was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma of gout patients. The effect and mechanism of HSP60 in gout were studied in MSU crystals treatment macrophages and C57BL/6 mice. JC-1 probe and MitoSOX Red were used to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS).
Results

HSP60 expression was significantly upregulated in the PBMCs and sera of patients with acute gout (AG) compared to those with inter-critical gout (IG) or healthy controls (HCs). MSU crystals induced expression and secretion of HSP60 in the macrophages. HSP60 knockdown or over-expression affects TLR4 and MyD88 expression, IκBα degradation and the nuclear localization of NF-κB in MSU crystal-stimulated inflammation. Further, HSP60 facilitates MMP collapse and mtROS production, and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in MSU crystal-stimulated macrophages. In MSU crystal-induced arthritis and peritonitis mouse models pre-treated with HSP60 vivo-morpholino, paw swelling, ankle joint swelling, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and inflammatory cell infiltration significantly decreased.
Conclusion

Our study revealed that MSU crystal stimulates the expression of HSP60 which accelerates TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway and exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction.
How is the dynamic impact of Undervaluation on Economic Growth in Latin American Countries?: A Panel VAR analysis
Authors: CHAVEZ CESAR 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this research, I analyze the dynamic effects of undervaluation on the economic growth per captai of Latin American countries with a period 1980-2018. To estimate these effects, I use a Panel Vector Autoregressive (PVAR) whose estimator is System GMM. The undervaluation variable is created from different measures of the real exchange rate and I also use various measures of GDP per capita to calculate economic growth per capita. I include as control variables macroeconomic and human capital variables to control the different channels of spread of undervaluation on economic growth per capita. The results show that there is a positive effect depending on the definition of the real exchange rate used to calculate the undervaluation. In the results I include the Granger causality test, stability test and impulse response graphs in which I project the response of per capita economic growth to an undervaluation shock.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of different methods of treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy in the south of Iran
Authors: Jahromi Bahia Namavar , esmaili Elahe , Fardid Mozhgan , Abdosaleh Jafari , Kavosi Zahra , Shiravani Zahra , Keshavarz Khosro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Ectopic pregnancy is one of the most important causes of maternal mortality and infertility that may impose many costs on patients. Today, Surgery and pharmaceutical treatments are the common methods of treating the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of different methods of treating tubal ectopic pregnancy in the south of Iran.Methods: This study was an economic evaluation which analysed and compared the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of three treatment methods, including single-dose methotrexate, double-dose methotrexate, and surgery in patients with tubal ectopic pregnancy. In this study, a decision tree model was used. The outcomes included in the model were the percentage of successful treatment and the average utility score of each treatment method. The study was conducted from the social perspective and a one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed to measure the effects of uncertainty. The analysis of the collected data was performed using Excel and TreeAge software.Results: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the surgery versus single-dose methotrexate was positive and equal to $5812 PPP; since it was less than threshold, surgery was considered as a cost-effective method. The incremental cost-utility ratio also identified surgery as the best option. Moreover, the results of one-way showed the highest sensitivity to the effectiveness of single-dose methotrexate. Scatter plots also revealed that surgery in 82% and 96% of simulations was at the acceptable region compared with single dose and double-dose methotrexate, respectively and below the threshold. It was identified as the more cost effective strategy. Furthermore, the acceptability curves showed that in 81.4% of simulations, surgery was the most cost effective treatment for thresholds less than 21011 PPP dollars.Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, it is recommended that surgery can be used as the first line of treatment for ectopic. Also, the best drug strategy was single dose methotrexate. Since these strategies reduce costs and increase treatment success and QALYs compared to double-dose methotrexate.
Molecular Docking, ADME Analysis, and Estimation of MM/GBSA Binding-Free Energies of Coumarin Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors of SARS CoV-2 Receptors
Authors: Maurya Akhilesh Kumar , Mishra Nidhi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is recently declared pandemic (WHO) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, there is no specific drug for the therapy of COVID-19. In the present study, in silico study have been done to find out possible inhibitors of SARS CoV-2. Coumarin derivatives with 2755 compounds were virtually screen against methyltransferase-stimulatory factor complex of NSP16 and NSP10, NSP15 Endoribonuclease, ADP ribose phosphatase (ADRP)of NSP3 and protease enzymes of SARS CoV-2. Docked top five compounds showed good docking scores and free energy of binding with the respective receptors. ADME/T analysis of docked compound shows the docked ligands are showing drug-likeness properties.
Can Mechanical Stress Therapies be used in COVID-19 outbreak?
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Haider Muhammad 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Understanding the workings of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial to develop counter therapeutic measures. SARS-CoV-2 gains entry into human cell by binding its receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of Spike protein (S1) to ACE2 receptors. In order to study the effect of mechanical stress on the RBD of SARS-CoV-2, it is modelled as viscoelastic material using Burgers Model. Strain response of RBD under constant stress is analyzed, which gives useful insights into the conformational transitions of RBD at 0K and physiological temperatures. The theoretical underpinning has shown that with increase in the number of stress cycles, the binding affinities of RBD conformational states to ACE2 receptor decrease, decreasing the binding reaction rate between ACE2 receptor and SARS-CoV-2. This analysis gives theoretical evidence that ultrasonic therapy and photo therapy (UV) can be potential candidates to reduce binding reaction rates between ACE2 and SARS-COV-2.
Antithrombotic Treatment in Cardiomyopathies
Authors: Vogiatzi Georgia , Pantazis Antonios , Tousoulis Dimitris 
Published: April 2020

:
Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of heart muscle diseases and important cause of heart
failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Although there is an increasing body of evidence on the incidence,
pathophysiology, and natural history of heart failure (HF) in cardiomyopathies, certain aspects of the
therapeutic strategies remain unclear. More particularly, there is no consensus if to whether antithrombotic therapy
has a favorable risk: benefit ratio in reducing thromboembolic event rate in patients with cardiomyopathies
without suffering from primary valvular disease or atrial fibrillation. Although the observational data on increased
venous thromboembolic risk are supported by multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, the role of antithrombotic
therapy in these patients remains unclear. This review article provides an overview of epidemiologic, pathophysiologic,
clinical, and therapeutic data for the prevention of thromboembolism in heart failure due to cardiomyopathies.
s-Proline Covalented Silicapropyl Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Biological and Catalytic Activity for the Synthesis of thiazolidin-4- ones
Authors: Fekri Leila Zare 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Thiazolidinoneones are important pharmaceutical compounds because of their
biological activities. Several methods for the synthesis of 4-thiazolidinones are widely reported in the
literature. The main synthetic routes to synthesize 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones involve three components reaction
between amine, a carbonyl compound and thioglycolic acid.

Objective:
s-Proline covalented silicapropyl modified magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2-Pr @s-proline)
were prepared. The antibacterial activity of synthesized nanoparticles against four bacterias was investigated
that showed that 30 Mg/L of synthesized nanoparticles is a suitable concentration for bacterial inhibitory.
Finally, the catalytic application of the synthesized s-Proline covalented silicapropyl modified magnetic
nanoparticles for the synthesis of thiazolidinones and pyrazolyl thiazolidinones under stirring in aqueous media
was evaluated. All of the synthesized organic compounds were characterized by mp, FT IR, 1H NMR, 13C
NMR and elemental analysis.

Materials and Methods:
A combination of aldehyde (1.0 mmol), thioglycolic acid (1.0 mmol), various amines
(1mmol) and 0.05 g Fe3O4@SiO2propyl@L-proline, were reacted at room temperature under stirring in 10 mL
water. After completion of the reaction, as indicated by TLC (4:1 hexane: ethylacetate), the reaction mixture
was filtered in the presence of an effective magnetic bar to separate the nanocatalyst. The nanocatalyst was
washed with a mixture of hot EtOH: H2O two times. The crude products were collected and recrystallized from
ethanol, if necessary.

Results and Discussion:
We present a novel avenue for the synthesis of thiazolidinones in the presence of
Fe3O4@SiO2-Pr @s-proline under solvent-free conditions.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, we have synthesized Fe3O4@SiO2-Pr@s-proline nanoparticles. Their biological
activity against 4 bacterias was investigated. It released that 30Mg/L is the suitable concentration of
synthesized nanoparticle for bacterial inhibitory. The catalytic efficiency of the catalyst was checked in the
multicomponent reaction of various aldehyde, thioglycolic acid and various amines under stirring. This
nanoparticle is a new organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticle. The operational simplicity, the excellent yields of
products, ease of separation and recyclability of the magnetic catalyst, waste reduction and high selectivity are
the main advantages of this catalytic method. Furthermore, this new avenue is inexpensive and
environmentally benign.
Inter-Tissue and Intra-Tissue Co-Expression Networks in Human Metabolism: Morphological Evaluation of the Link Between Transcription Factors ERβ and NFAT in Morbid Obesity
Authors: Chasapi Athina , Balampanis Kostas , Kourea Eleni , Kalfaretzos Fotios , Lambadiari Vaia , Lambrou George I. , Melachrinou Maria , Sotiropoulou-Bonikou Georgia 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) plays an important role in human metabolism and
some of its metabolic actions are mediated by a positive “cross-talk” with Nuclear Factor of Activated
T cells (NFAT) and the key metabolic transcriptional coregulator Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 2
(TIF2).

Introduction:
Our study is an “in situ” morphological evaluation of the communication between ERβ,
NFAT and TIF2 in morbid obesity. Potential correlations with clinicopathological parameters and with
the presence of diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were also explored. The aim of
the present study was to determine the role of ERβ and NFAT in the underlying pathophysiology of
obesity and related comorbidities. We have investigated the expression of specific proteins using immunochemistry
methodologies.

Methods:
Our population consists of 50 morbidly obese patients undergoing planned bariatric surgery,
during which biopsies were taken from visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue
(SAT), skeletal muscle (SM), extramyocellular adipose tissue (EMAT) and liver and the differential
protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.

Results:
We demonstrated an extensive intra- and inter-tissue co-expression network, which confirms
the tissue-specific and integral role of each one of the investigated proteins in morbid obesity. Moreover,
a beneficial role of ERβ and NFATc1 against NAFLD is implicated, whereas the distinct roles of
TIF2 still remain an enigma.

Conclusions:
We believe that our findings will shed light on the complex underlying mechanisms and
that the investigated biomarkers could represent future targets for the prevention and therapy of obesity
and its comorbidities.
Challenges in Antenatal Corticosteroid Prescribing: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Armstrong-Kempter Shannon , Beech Lucinda , Melov Sarah J. , Kirby Adrienne , Nayyar Roshini 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The discovery of the benefits of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) for preterm
infants was one of the most significant developments in obstetric care. However, due to the
difficulty in predicting preterm delivery, optimal use of ACS, is challenging.

Objective:
To describe prescribing practices for antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) at a tertiary hospital
over five years to determine whether ACS were received at optimal timing; to determine patient
characteristics of women receiving ACS at optimal timing; to determine patient characteristics of
those who did not receive ACS as indicated and to examine the trend in ACS prescribing over the
study period.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective study of all deliveries from January 2011 to December
2015. The rates of ACS prescription for each group of women (preterm, late preterm, and term)
were recorded and analysed.

Results:
A total of 65% of women who delivered before 34 weeks’ gestation received ACS. Of
these women, 63% delivered within 7 days of receiving ACS. Women most likely to receive ACS
with optimal timing were primiparous (relative risk [RR], 1.25 [CI, 1.08-1.45]), or women diagnosed
with pre-eclampsia (RR, 1.34 [CI 1.10-1.63]), preterm premature rupture of membranes (RR,
1.33 [CI, 1.15-1.54]) or threatened preterm labour (RR, 1.42 [CI, 1.22-1.65]).

Conclusion:
A significant number of women and babies are exposed to ACS without commensurate
benefit, and a significant number who deliver preterm do not receive ACS. The percentage of
preterm and term infants receiving ACS should be determined to optimise service delivery.
Specific Heat Capacity Estimations for Biologically and Medicinally Important Compounds: Lidocaine Hydrochloride, Clove Oil and β-Piperine Using the DSC Technique
Authors: Gupta Gaurav , Shaikh Vasim , Kalas Sachin , Patil Kesharsingh 
Published: April 2020

Aim:
To study the specific heat capacity for biologically and medicinally important
compounds, namely, lidocaine hydrochloride, clove oil and beta-Piperine using the
DSC technique.

Background:
One of the main problems in the science of medicine is the application of
drug molecules with limited solubility in water and in biofluids. Solubility is related to the
chemical potential of the solutes involved, which imparts free energy avenues, a necessary
requirement for equilibrium processes. The convincing solutions for solving this issue are
the utilization of ionic liquids as a drug. Lidocaine is the most widely utilized intraoral injected
dental anesthetic prior to performing painful medical procedures. Besides that, lidocaine
hydrochloride is a salt, having a melting point of 76°C (349 K) and behaves as an
ionic liquid after melting. Clove oil and β-piperine are very well-known naturally occurring
medicinal compounds having a broad spectrum of applications.

Objective:
To study the thermal gravimetry analysis behaviour for lidocaine hydrochloride,
clove oil and β-piperine. To compute specific heat capacity at constant pressure, as a function
of temperature for the studied systems.

Methods:
In the present communication, the studies of Thermal Gravimetry Analysis
(TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) for these compounds are described.

Results:
The data of heat flow have been utilized to obtain specific heat capacity (Cp) values
for lidocaine hydrochloride, clove oil and β-piperine over a temperature range between
75°C (348 K) and 155°C (428 K) based upon the methodology we have developed.

Conclusion:
LC•HCl behaves as an ionic liquid between 76 and 230°C (349 and 503 K).
Clove oil shows lower specific heat capacity values and is similar to other organic aromatic
compounds while piperine exhibits comparative high specific heat capacity values indicating
possibilities of intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which is generally not affected by
temperature.
Effect of Traditional Herbal Formulation on Experimental Models of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Boregowda Sateesha S. , Nithinkumar Karnati , Jayaramu Rajamma A. , Kalegowda Chandan , Avalakondareddy Govindareddy Y. 
Published: April 2020

Aims:
Evaluation of the effectiveness of herbal formulation consisting of Morinda citrifolia
L, Artemisia annua L, Glycyrrhiza glabra L and Ocimum basilicum L, in treating ulcerative colitis.

Objectives:
Assessment of the effect of herbal formulation on the indomethacin-induced ulcerative
colitis based on serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, tissue myloperoxidase (MPO) activity
and colonic glutathione (GSH) content and macroscopic features. Determination of tissue ulcer
scores, tissue weight and tissue histopathological changes before and after treatment with herbal
formulation in disease-induced model.

Methods:
Herbal formulation from ancient literature was selected and evaluated for its effectiveness
against indomethacin-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Mesalamine was used as a standard drug to
compare the effect of herbal formulation on ulcerative colitis. Quantification of serum LDH levels,
tissue MPO activity, colonic GSH levels, and the histopathological features of inflammatory and recovered
cells were used to establish the efficacy of the formulation.

Results:
Formulation treatment showed an appreciable increase in the serum GSH levels, and a decrease
in the tissue MPO activity and serum LDH levels. The results of ulcer score analysis and tissue
weight analysis of the formulation treated group were similar to the mesalamine treated group.
Histopathological studies revealed a decrease in oedema and reduced inflammation followed by the
formulation treatment.

Conclusion:
The study established the efficacy of polyherbal formulation in the treatment of ulcerative
colitis following sub-chronic administration. This study concludes that the polyherbal formulation
is effective as mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles of Hydroxyurea: Potentially Active Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Nishchaya Kumar , Kushwaha Swatantra K.S. , Rai Awani K. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Present malignant cancer medicines have the advantage of magnetic nanoparticles
as delivery carriers to magnetically accumulate anticancer medication in malignant
growth tissue.

Aim:
In the present investigation, a silica nanoparticles (MSNs) stacked with hydroxyurea were combined and was optimized for dependent
and independent variables.

Methods:
In this study, microporous silica nanoparticles stacked with neoplastic medication were prepared
through emulsification followed by the solvent evaporation method. Prepared MSNs were optimized
for dependent and independent variables. Different formulations were prepared with varying
ratios of polymer, lipid and surfactant which affect drug release and kinetics of drug release pattern. The
obtained MSNs were identified by FTIR, SEM, drug entrapment, in-vitro drug release, drug release
kinetics study, and stability testing in order to investigate the nanoparticle characteristics.

Results:
The percentage drug entrapment of the drug for the formulations F1, F2, F3 was found
to be 27.78%, 65.52% and 48.26%. The average particle size for F2 formulation was found to be
520 nm through SEM. The cumulative drug release for the formulations F1, F2, F3 was found to
be 64.17%, 71.82% and 32.68%. The formulations were found to be stable which gives controlled
drug delivery for 6 hours.

Conclusion:
From the stability studies data it can be culminated that formulations are most stable when stored at lower temperature or in
refrigerator i.e. 5˚C ± 3˚C. It can be concluded that MSN’s loaded with hydroxyurea is a promising approach towards the management of
cancer due to its sustained release and less side effects.