bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth weight increases with birth order despite decreasing maternal pregnancy weight gain
Authors: Bohn Claudia , Vogel Mandy , Poulain Tanja , Spielau Ulrike , Hilbert Cornelia , Kiess Wieland , Körner Antje 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimWe investigated whether birth order is an influencing factor for birth weight independent from maternal factors.MethodsData were obtained from the longitudinal cohort study LIFE Child and included 1864 children, of which 526 were only children. The 1338 siblings were ranked into first‐borns (n = 570), second‐borns (n = 606) and third‐or‐later‐borns (n = 162). Children born prematurely, suffering from chronic or syndromic diseases, were excluded. We performed intra‐family comparisons to reduce bias and assessed the impact of perinatal parameters, such as birth order on birth weight, using mixed models.ResultsBirth weight increased with birth order. In univariate analyses, birth order had a significant effect on birth weight‐SDS with second‐borns having 0.29 SDS (app. 130 g) and third‐borns 0.40 SDS (app. 180 g) higher values than first‐borns (P < .001). Maternal pregnancy weight gain was associated with higher birth weight‐SDS (P < .01) in univariate analysis, though maternal pregnancy weight gain was lower for higher birth orders. Multivariate analyses revealed that being a second or third‐or‐later‐born child had a stronger impact on birth weight than all maternal factors.ConclusionBirth order must be considered a potential risk factor for higher birth weight. Maternal pregnancy weight gain is not the driving factor for higher birth weight in siblings.
Larval cranial anatomy of the Eastern Ghost Frog (Heleophryne orientalis)
Authors: Lukas Paul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHeleophryne orientalis is endemic to the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Its tadpole lives in swift‐flowing mountain streams attached to rocks and feeding on algae. Little is known about the morphology of Heleophrynids despite their important systematic position as sister taxon to all remaining Neobatrachians. Herein, I describe the external morphology as well as skeletal and muscular features of a tadpole of H. orientalis at Gosner stage 28 by using standard histology and 3D reconstruction. Derived features of this tadpole include the presence of two additional mandibular cartilages and a suprarostral cartilage without any muscular attachments. A mandibulosuprarostral ligament is absent. The presence of two M. levator mandibulae longus profundus portions and the post‐orbital origination of the M. suspensorioangularis is unusual in anuran tadpoles.
Alterations in resting‐state global brain connectivity in bipolar I disorder patients with prior suicide attempt
Authors: Cheng Xiaofang , Chen Jianshan , Zhang Xiaofei , Zhang Yihe , Wu Qiuxia , Ma Qing , Sun Jiaqi , Zou Wenjin , Lin Taifeng , Zhong Liangda , Deng Wenhao , Sun Xiaoyi , Cui Liqian , Cheng Xiongchao , Chen Yingmei , Cai Yinglian , Zheng Chaodun , Cheng Daomeng , Yang Chanjuan , Ye Biyu , Zhang Xiangyang , Wei Xinhua , Cao Liping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundBipolar I disorder (BD‐I) is associated with a high risk of suicide attempt; however, the neural circuit dysfunction that confers suicidal vulnerability in individuals with this disorder remains largely unknown. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) allows non‐invasive mapping of brain functional connectivity. The current study used an unbiased voxel‐based graph theory analysis of rs‐fMRI to investigate the intrinsic brain networks of BD‐I patients with and without suicide attempt.MethodsA total of 30 BD‐I patients with suicide attempt (attempter group), 82 patients without suicide attempt (non‐attempter group), and 67 healthy controls underwent rs‐fMRI scan, and then global brain connectivity (GBC) was computed as the sum of connections of each voxel with all other gray matter voxels in the brain.ResultsCompared with the non‐attempter group, we found regional differences in GBC values in emotion‐encoding circuits, including the left superior temporal gyrus, bilateral insula/rolandic operculum, and right precuneus (PCu)/cuneus in the bipolar disorder (BD) attempter group, and these disrupted hub‐like regions displayed fair to good power in distinguishing attempters from non‐attempters among BD‐I patients. GBC values of the right PCu/cuneus were positively correlated with illness duration and education in the attempter group.ConclusionsOur results indicate that abnormal connectivity patterns in emotion‐encoding circuits are associated with the increasing risk of vulnerability to suicide attempt in BD patients, and global dysconnectivity across these emotion‐encoding circuits might serve as potential biomarkers for classification of suicide attempt in BD patients.
Effectiveness of immersive virtual reality using head‐mounted displays on learning performance: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Bian , Yu Xiaoxue , Gu Xiaoqing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the availability of low‐cost high‐quality head‐mounted displays (HMDs) since 2013, there is a growing body of literature investigating the impact of immersive virtual reality (IVR) technology on education. This meta‐analysis aims to synthesize the findings on the overall effects of IVR using HMDs compared to less immersive desktop virtual reality (DVR) and other traditional means of instruction. A systematic search was carried out on the literature published between 2013 and 2019. Thirty‐five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐experimental studies were identified. We conducted an analysis using the random effects model (REM) to calculate the pooled effect size. The studies were also coded to examine the moderating effects of their characteristics, such as learner stage, learning domain, learning application type, testing format, control group treatment and learning duration, on the outcome measure. The results showed that IVR using HMDs is more effective than non‐immersive learning approaches with a small effect size (ES = 0.24). The key findings of the moderator analysis were that HMDs have a greater impact (a) on K‐12 learners; (b) in the fields of science education and specific abilities development; (c) when offering simulation or virtual world representations; and (d) when compared with lectures or real‐world practices. The meta‐analysis also suggested that HMDs can improve both knowledge and skill development, and maintain the learning effect over time.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

Head‐mounted displays (HMDs) have been widely applied in various disciplines across both K‐12 and post‐secondary education.
HMDs have a positive impact on learning attitudes and perceptions.
HMDs have produced mixed results on learning performance.
What this paper adds

Immersive virtual reality (IVR) using HMDs is more effective than non‐immersive learning approaches with a small effect size.
The critical factors of learning implementation and research design moderate the impact of HMDs on learning performance.
HMDs can improve both knowledge and skill development and maintain the learning effect over time.
Implications for practice and/or policy

HMD‐based immersive learning appears to be a better complement to non‐immersive learning approaches.
Theory‐driven learning design should be incorporated to guide HMD‐based teaching and learning practice.
Essentialism affects the perceived compatibility of minority culture maintenance and majority culture adoption preferences
Authors: Moftizadeh Nali , Zagefka Hanna , Mohamed Abdinasir 
Published: September 2020

This paper presents two cross‐sectional survey studies, both conducted in Britain, which focus on how different cultural identities are managed in multicultural settings. Specifically, the studies explored the extent to which essentialism moderates the perceived compatibility of acculturation orientations, heritage culture maintenance and majority culture adoption. In study 1, participants (N = 198) were Somali minority members living in the UK. It was found when minority members essentialized Britishness themselves, and when they perceived that British people essentialized Britishness, they saw a desire to maintain the culture of origin and a desire adopt the majority culture as conflicting with each other. In study 2, participants (N = 200) were white British majority members living in the UK. Findings showed that when white British majority members essentialized Britishness, they too perceived the two acculturation preferences as being incompatible with each other. Taken together, these studies show that essentializing British identity can lead to a view that the majority and minority cultures are mutually exclusive. Implications for intergroup relations and integration into British society are discussed.
Inhibition of γ‐glutamyltransferase ameliorates ischaemia‐reoxygenation tissue damage in rats with hepatic steatosis
Authors: Kubota Ryuichi , Hayashi Nobuhiko , Kinoshita Kaori , Saito Takashi , Ozaki Kazuaki , Ueda Yoshimichi , Tsuchishima Mutsumi , Tsutsumi Mikihiro , George Joseph 
Published: September 2020

Background and PurposeHepatic steatosis may be associated with an increased γ‐glutamyltransferase (γ‐GT) levels. Ischaemia‐reoxygenation (IR) injury causes several deleterious effects. We evaluated the protective effects of a selective inhibitor of γ‐GT in experimentally induced IR injury in rats with obesity and steatosis.Experimental ApproachOtsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats with hepatic steatosis were used in the current study. The portal vein and hepatic artery of left lateral and median lobes were clamped to induce ischaemia. Before clamping, 1 ml of saline (IR group) or 1‐ml saline containing 1 mg·kg−1 body weight of GGsTop (γ‐GT inhibitor; IR‐GGsTop group) was injected into the liver via the inferior vena cava. Blood flow was restored after at 30 min of the start of ischaemia. Blood was collected before, at 30 min after ischaemia and at 2 h and 6 h after reoxygenation. All the animals were killed at 6 h and the livers were collected.Key ResultsTreatment with GGsTop resulted in significant reduction of serum ALT, AST and γ‐GT levels and hepatic γ‐GT, malondialdehyde, 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal and HMGB1 at 6 h after reoxygenation. Inhibition of γ‐GT retained normal hepatic glutathione levels. There was prominent hepatic necrosis in IR group, which is significantly reduced in IR‐GGsTop group.Conclusion and ImplicationsTreatment with GGsTop significantly increased hepatic glutathione content, reduced hepatic MDA, 4‐HNE and HMGB1 levels and, remarkably, ameliorated hepatic necrosis after ischaemia‐reoxygenation. The results indicated that GGsTop could be an appropriate therapeutic agent to reduce IR‐induced liver injury in obesity and steatosis.
Quebec’s resilient redistribution model: Activation policies in the 2010s
Authors: Dinan Shannon , Noël Alain 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCompared to the rest of Canada, Quebec has an ambitious and redistributive social model, which includes an elaborate set of Active Labour Market Policies (ALMP), with higher expenditures as a percentage of GDP, an encompassing coverage, and collaborative, multipartite governance arrangements. Since the 2008 recession, however, most OECD countries have implemented retrenchment measures, market enforcement, and individual action plans to their ALMP. Using provincial, federal, and OECD data and reports, this article maps the recent evolution of Quebec’s ALMP in light of these trends. Quebec’s model appears largely resilient, despite declining expenditures and modest concessions to conditionality in social assistance.
A Mendelian randomization study identified obesity as a causal risk factor of uterine endometrial cancer in Japanese
Authors: Masuda Tatsuo , Ogawa Kotaro , Kamatani Yoichiro , Murakami Yoshinori , Kimura Tadashi , Okada Yukinori 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCausal inference is one of the challenges in epidemiologic studies. Gynecologic diseases have been reported to have association with obesity, however the causality remained controversial except for uterine endometrial cancer. We conducted two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the large‐scale genome‐wide association study (GWAS) results of gynecologic diseases and body mass index (BMI) in the Japanese population to assess causal effect of BMI on gynecologic diseases. We first conducted GWAS of ovarian cancer, uterine endometrial cancer, uterine cervical cancer, endometriosis, and uterine fibroid (n = 647, 909, 538, 5236, and 645 cases, respectively, and 39 556 shared female controls), and BMI (81 610 males and non‐overlapping 23 924 females). We then applied two‐sample MR using 74 BMI‐associated variants as instrumental variables. We observed significant causal effect of increased BMI on uterine endometrial cancer (β = 0.735, P = .0010 in inverse variance‐weighted analysis), which is concordant with results of European studies. Causal effect of obesity was not apparent in the other gynecologic diseases tested. Our MR analyses provided strong evidence of the causal role of obesity in gynecologic diseases etiology, and suggested a possible preventive effect of intervention for obesity.
Efficacy of argon‐helium cryoablation and its effects on immune function of patients with neck malignant tumours
Authors: Zheng Zheng , Zhao Yingchun , An Yonghui , Li Na , Bo Changwen , Ma Wenhua , Guo Ying , Zou Changpeng , Tian Bo , Zhang Sujing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesOur study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of argon‐helium cryoablation and its effects on the immune function of patients with neck malignant tumours.DesignRetrospective study.SettingSingle‐institution academic tertiary care centre.MethodsTotally, 180 patients harbouring head and neck malignant tumours were divided into the argon‐helium cryoablation group (n = 150) and the radiotherapy group (n = 50). The efficacy of the two groups was compared, and the immune function was observed.ResultsThe short‐term clinical effect of the argon‐helium cryoablation group was significantly higher than that of the radiotherapy group (P < .05). After treatment, the CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ of the argon‐helium cryoablation group were significantly better than those of the radiotherapy group (P < .001). The results of TNF‐α, IL‐1 β and CRP in the argon‐helium cryoablation group were significantly better than that in the radiotherapy group (P < .001).ConclusionArgon‐helium cryoablation could effectively improve the immune function, 5‐year survival rate and local remission rate.
Impact of a community‐acquired pneumonia care bundle in North East England from 2014 to 2017—A quality improvement project
Authors: Morrow Gerry , Roberts Anthony , Newton Julia , Rees Jon , Walkley Michael , Flavell Linda 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the impact of implementation of Community‐Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) quality care bundle.SettingEight acute hospitals in the North East of England and North Cumbria.ParticipantsICD‐10 coded CAP aged >18 were identified. A total of 16 201 CAP patients were discharged 2016/2017 (15 707; 2015/2016 and 10 733; 2014/2015).Outcome measuresSecondary User Service (SUS) data were collected monthly from April 2014 to 2017. Data were pseudonymised and data flows governed by Data Sharing Agreements. CAP measures were based on British Thoracic Society guidance and agreed following clinician consultation. CAP admissions and individual organisational compliance with and impact of, CAP quality bundle measures was explored.ResultsAverage length of stay (LOS) was 10.4 days (median 6) 25% >13 days. Crude in‐hospital mortality rate was 17.6%, significantly lower (95% CI) than 19.1% in 2015/2016 and 19.3% in 2014/2015. Emergency readmissions within 28 days were 19.7% (19.2%; 2015/2016, 17.9%; 2014/2015). A total of 39.5% of patients received all appropriate care measures. Compliance has improved over time, although not for all hospitals. Most quality measures have higher mortality for those passing measures compared to those failing (P < .05 95% CI). Giving oxygen, had a significantly higher emergency readmission rate, 3.3% higher (95% CI 1.1% to 5.5%). Appropriate antibiotics and recording CURB‐65 scores reduced the emergency readmission rates (−2.7% (95% CI −4.5% to −0.8%) −2.6% (95% CI −3.8% to −1.4%), respectively, (P = ns)).ConclusionCAP accounts for significant bed days, mortality and readmissions. Although mortality was lower, LOS and readmission rates were not, despite improvements in compliance after implementation of the care bundle. Care bundle use remained sub‐optimal.
Sensitisation of severe asthma in different occupations: A multicentre study in China
Authors: Hu Haisheng , Xue Mingshan , Wei Nili , Zheng Peiyan , Wu Ge , An Nairui , Huang Huimin , Sun Baoqing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis was the first multicentre study assessing the sensitisation patterns in patients with severe asthma by different occupations as well as different regions of China, and aimed to provide evidence for the prevention of sensitised patients with severe asthma.MethodsA total of 676 adults were included and assigned to three cohorts. Cohort A was comprised of severe asthma patients without smoking (n = 454), cohort B comprised severe asthmatic patients who were ex‐smokers (n = 149), and cohort C comprised non‐asthma individuals (n = 73). All study subjects underwent testing of serum sIgE level of house dusts mix (hx2), foods mix (fx5), moulds mix (mx2), tree pollen mix (tx4) and weed pollen mix (wx5) simultaneously.ResultsOverall, the positive rates of hx2, fx5, mx2, tx4 and wx5 were 37.6%, 11.9%, 16.6%, 9.0% and 9.5% in severe asthmatic patients, respectively. Comparing cohort A with cohort B, the hx2 positive rates in cohort A were higher in fulltime homemaker (30.0% vs. 0.0%) and medical staff (40.0% vs. 0.0%, P < 0.05). However, the mx2 positive rates in cohort B were higher in businessman (30.0% vs. 7.0%) and the tx4 positive rates in cohort B were higher in drivers (35.7% vs. 0.0%, P < 0.05). The optimal scale analysis showed that severe asthmatic patients who work indoor were more prone to be allergic to house dusts (Cronbach's alpha = 76.4%).ConclusionPatients with severe asthma in different occupations exhibited different sensitisation patterns. Avoid being contact with house dust and application of indoor air purifier should be considered for severe asthma patients.
Radioactive seeds insertion with chemotherapy for advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Hong , Li Lei , Yang Jing , Yang Zhi‐Min 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundNon‐small‐cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are only eligible to undergo curative surgical resection in <20% of patients. In patients with inoperable NSCLC, computed tomography (CT)‐guided radioactive seed insertion (RSI) is a common treatment practice.ObjectivesTo assess the relative efficacy of chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy in combination with CT‐guided RSI in patients with advanced NSCLC.MethodsWe searched the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles published as of July 2020. Complete and total response rates (CR and TR, respectively) served as the primary endpoints for this meta‐analysis, with disease control (DC) rate, myelosuppression rate, progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and CT‐guided RSI‐related pneumothorax serving as secondary endpoints.ResultsIn total, eight studies incorporating 281 patients that underwent combination treatment and 297 patients that underwent chemotherapy along were included in this meta‐analysis. The CR (21.5% vs. 4.0%, P < 0.00001), TR (73.8% vs. 42.6%, P < 0.00001), and DC (94.1% vs. 78.2%, P < 0.00001) rates were significantly higher for patients in the combined treatment group relative to patients in the chemotherapy only group. Furthermore, pooled PFS (P < 0.00001) and OS (P = 0.0006) were significantly longer for patients in the combined treatment group, whereas no differences in pooled myelosuppression rates were observed between groups (34.3% vs. 30.7%, P = 0.47). The pooled rate of CT‐guided RSI‐related pneumothorax was 15%.ConclusionsCombination chemotherapy and CT‐guided RSI can significantly improve clinical response and prolong survival in advanced‐stage NSCLC patients without inducing other significant toxic side effects.
The relation between distant metastasis and genetic change type in stage IV lung adenocarcinoma patients at diagnosis
Authors: Ermin Sinem , Batum Özgür , Saka Güvenç Merve , Diniz Gülden , Ayrancı Aysu , Erdoğan Kadri Murat , Yücel Nur , Yıldırım Eylem , Özdemir Taha Reşid , Hacar Alev Gülşah , Güldaval Filiz , Koç Altuğ , Aydoğdu Zekiye , Balcı Günseli , Özyılmaz Berk , Akşit Yaşar Hacer , Özer Kaya Özge , Gayaf Mine , Kırbıyık Özgür , Aksel Nimet , Kutbay Yaşar Bekir , Ursavaş Tuba Nihal , Karadeniz Gülistan , Polat Gülru , Kömürcüoğlu Berna , Çırak Ali Kadri , Yılmaz Ufuk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionBrain metastasis prevalence is higher in patients with positive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and C‐ROS oncogene 1 (ROS‐1) fusion change in lung adenocarcinoma.ObjectivesThe purpose of our study is to investigate the relation between the genetic change type and the initial distant metastasis in stage IV lung adenocarcinoma patients with genetic changes.MethodsThe study was conducted between January 2007 and December 2018 in a retrospective fashion with patients who had lung cancer diagnosed as stage IV adenocarcinoma. The relation between genetic mutation change (EGFR, ALK or ROS‐1) and distant metastasis was analysed.ResultsA total of 845 patients were included in the study. The median age was 62 (28‐88). It was determined that lung and pleura metastases were more frequent at a significant level in patients with positive EGFR mutation (P = 0.032, P = 0.004, respectively). In patients with positive ALK fusion change, pleura metastasis was determined to be more frequent (P = 0.001). Multiple metastases were determined to be significantly more in patients with positive ALK fusion change than single metastasis (P = 0.02).ConclusionIn patients with EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma, lung and pleura metastasis is more frequent and pleura metastasis is more frequent in ALK positive adenocarcinoma. Additionally, multiple organ metastases are higher in ALK positive lung adenocarcinoma.