bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Problems After Childbirth
Authors: Albers Leah L. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTOf the entire maternity care cycle, the postpartum period occupies the lowest priority in practice, teaching, and research. Despite this, data from research outside the United States show that health problems after birth are very common, may persist over time, and are often under‐recognized by care providers. Women's health would be favorably impacted by updating patterns of postpartum care, and by obtaining baseline population data in midwifery practices on the extent of postnatal morbidity.
Theoretical Model and Outstanding Performance from Constructive Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Mechanism in Electrospun PVDF Fiber Film
Authors: Yousry Yasmin Mohamed , Yao Kui , Mohamed Ayman Mahmoud , Liew Weng Heng , Chen Shuting , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFlexible materials with high electromechanical coupling performance are highly demanded for wide applications for electromechanical sensors and transducers, including mechanical energy harvesters. Here, outstanding electromechanical performance is obtained in electrospun‐aligned polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fiber film. A theoretical model is developed from systematic theoretical analyses to clarify the underlying constructive piezoelectric‐triboelectric mechanism in the polarized PVDF fiber films that explains the experimental observations well. The electrospinning process induces polarization alignment and thus tunes the electron affinity for PVDF fibers with different polarization terminals, which results in the constructive piezoelectric and triboelectric responses in the obtained PVDF fiber films. Extremely large effective piezoelectric performance properties are achieved in the direct piezoelectric measurements, reaching the maximum effective piezoelectric strain and voltage coefficients of −1065 pm V−1 and −9178 V mm N−1, respectively, at 100 Hz. In the converse piezoelectric measurements without a significant contribution from reversible triboelectric effect, the maximum effective piezoelectric strain and voltage coefficients are −166 pm V−1 and −1499 V mm N−1, respectively. The theoretical analyses and experimental results show the great potential of the electrospun aligned polar PVDF fiber material for various electromechanical device applications, particularly for mechanical energy harvesting.
Tractor guidance improves production efficiency by reducing overlaps and gaps
Authors: Kharel Tulsi P. , Ashworth Amanda J. , Shew Aaron , Popp Michael P. , Owens Phillip R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTractor guidance (TG) systems presumably improve agricultural production efficiencies by reducing overlaps and gaps during field operations. However, replicated field studies that calculate TG gains are limited but necessary to estimate efficiencies on small farms (82% of U.S. producers). We applied fertilizer with a wheel spreader and herbicides with a boom sprayer on six and four fields, respectively, with and without TG. This study developed novel postprocessing methodology to calculate spatial coverage efficiency from TG systems. Overlap and gap estimation was implemented using the individual pass polygon method (IPPM). We propose a correction factor to adjust biased estimation of overlap area by IPPM. Results from IPPM suggest TG systems reduced overlaps (up to 6% of field area) and gaps (up to 16%) during field operations and improved overall efficiency up to 20%. Consequently, TG systems lead to reduced input use and in‐field operation time, as well as improved equipment efficiency, leading to potential economic and environmental savings for small‐scale producers.
Neuroenhancement in surgeons: benefits, risks and ethical dilemmas
Authors: Patel R , Ashcroft J , Darzi A , Singh H , Leff D R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Surgeons traditionally aim to reduce mistakes in healthcare through repeated training and advancement of surgical technology. Recently, performance-enhancing interventions such as neurostimulation are emerging which may offset errors in surgical practice.

Methods
Use of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS), a novel neuroenhancement technique that has been applied to surgeons to improve surgical technical performance, was reviewed. Evidence supporting tDCS improvements in motor and cognitive performance outside of the field of surgery was assessed and correlated with emerging research investigating tDCS in the surgical setting and potential applications to wider aspects of healthcare. Ethical considerations and future implications of using tDCS in surgical training and perioperatively are also discussed.

Results
Outside of surgery, tDCS studies demonstrate improved motor performance with regards to reaction time, task completion, strength and fatigue, while also suggesting enhanced cognitive function through multitasking, vigilance and attention assessments. In surgery, current research has demonstrated improved performance in open knot-tying, laparoscopic and robotic skills while also offsetting subjective temporal demands. However, a number of ethical issues arise from the potential application of tDCS in surgery in the form of safety, coercion, distributive justice and fairness, all of which must be considered prior to implementation.

Conclusion
Neuroenhancement may improve motor and cognitive skills in healthcare professions with impact on patient safety. Implementation will require accurate protocols and regulations to balance benefits with the associated ethical dilemmas, and to direct safe use for clinicians and patients.
Immediate and long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on delivery of surgical services
Authors: Søreide K , Hallet J , Matthews J B , Schnitzbauer A A , Line P D , Lai P B S , Otero J , Callegaro D , Warner S G , Baxter N N , Teh C S C , Ng-Kamstra J , Meara J G , Hagander L , Lorenzon L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
The ongoing pandemic is having a collateral health effect on delivery of surgical care to millions of patients. Very little is known about pandemic management and effects on other services, including delivery of surgery.

Methods
This was a scoping review of all available literature pertaining to COVID-19 and surgery, using electronic databases, society websites, webinars and preprint repositories.

Results
Several perioperative guidelines have been issued within a short time. Many suggestions are contradictory and based on anecdotal data at best. As regions with the highest volume of operations per capita are being hit, an unprecedented number of operations are being cancelled or deferred. No major stakeholder seems to have considered how a pandemic deprives patients with a surgical condition of resources, with patients disproportionally affected owing to the nature of treatment (use of anaesthesia, operating rooms, protective equipment, physical invasion and need for perioperative care). No recommendations exist regarding how to reopen surgical delivery. The postpandemic evaluation and future planning should involve surgical services as an essential part to maintain appropriate surgical care for the population during an outbreak. Surgical delivery, owing to its cross-cutting nature and synergistic effects on health systems at large, needs to be built into the WHO agenda for national health planning.

Conclusion
Patients are being deprived of surgical access, with uncertain loss of function and risk of adverse prognosis as a collateral effect of the pandemic. Surgical services need a contingency plan for maintaining surgical care in an ongoing or postpandemic phase.
Combined robotic approach and enhanced recovery after surgery pathway for optimization of costs in patients undergoing proctectomy
Authors: Rouanet P , Mermoud A , Jarlier M , Bouazza N , Laine A , Mathieu Daudé H 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways are beneficial in proctocolectomy, but their impact on robotic low rectal proctectomy is not fully investigated. This study assessed the impact of an ERAS pathway on the outcomes and cost of robotic (RTME) versus laparoscopic (LTME) total mesorectal excision.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of patients with rectal cancer in a single French tertiary centre for three yearly periods: 2011, LTME; 2015, RTME; and 2018, RTME with ERAS. Patient characteristics, operative and postoperative data, and costs were compared among the groups.ResultsA total of 220 consecutive proctectomies were analysed (71 LTME, 58 RTME and 91 RTME with ERAS). A prevalence of lower and locally advanced tumours was observed with RTME. The median duration of surgery increased with the introduction of RTME, but became shorter than that for LTME with greater robotic experience (226, 233 and 180 min for 2011, 2015 and 2018 respectively; P &lt; 0·001). The median duration of hospital stay decreased significantly for RTME with ERAS (11, 10 and 8 days respectively; P = 0·011), as did the overall morbidity rate (39, 38 and 16 per cent; P = 0·002). Pathology results, conversion and defunctioning stoma rates remained stable. RTME alone increased the total cost by €2348 compared with LTME. The introduction of ERAS and improved robotic experience decreased costs by €1960, compared with RTME performed in 2015 without ERAS implementation. In patients with no co-morbidity, costs decreased by €596 for RTME with ERAS versus LTME alone.ConclusionERAS is associated with cost reductions in patients undergoing robotic proctectomy.
Mapping brain–behavior networks using functional and structural connectome fingerprinting in the HCP dataset
Authors: Lin Ying‐Chia , Baete Steven H , Wang Xiuyuan , Boada Fernando E 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionConnectome analysis of the human brain's structural and functional architecture provides a unique opportunity to understand the organization of the brain's functional architecture. In previous studies, connectome fingerprinting using brain functional connectivity profiles as an individualized trait was able to predict an individual's neurocognitive performance from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) neurocognitive datasets.Materials and MethodsIn the present study, we extend connectome fingerprinting from functional connectivity (FC) to structural connectivity (SC), identifying multiple relationships between behavioral traits and brain connectivity. Higher‐order neurocognitive tasks were found to have a weaker association with structural connectivity than its functional connectivity counterparts.ResultsNeurocognitive tasks with a higher sensory footprint were, however, found to have a stronger association with structural connectivity than their functional connectivity counterparts. Language behavioral measurements had a particularly stronger correlation, especially between performance on the picture language test (Pic Vocab) and both FC (r = .28, p < .003) and SC (r = 0.27, p < .00077).ConclusionsAt the neural level, we found that the pattern of structural brain connectivity related to high‐level language performance is consistent with the language white matter regions identified in presurgical mapping. We illustrate how this approach can be used to generalize the connectome fingerprinting framework to structural connectivity and how this can help understand the connections between cognitive behavior and the white matter connectome of the brain.
Buparlisib in combination with tamoxifen in pretreated patients with hormone receptor‐positive, HER2‐negative advanced breast cancer molecularly stratified for PIK3CA mutations and loss of PTEN expression
Authors: Welt Anja , Wiesweg Marcel , Theurer Sarah , Abenhardt Wolfgang , Groschek Matthias , Müller Lothar , Schröder Jan , Tewes Mitra , Chiabudini Marco , Potthoff Karin , Bankfalvi Agnes , Marschner Norbert , Schuler Martin , Breitenbücher Frank 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe PIKTAM study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the PI3K inhibitor buparlisib in combination with tamoxifen in hormone receptor‐positive (HR+), HER2‐negative advanced breast cancer patients after failure of prior endocrine therapy. In this open‐label, single‐arm phase II trial, 25 patients were enrolled in 11 sites in Germany. Patients were stratified according to PIK3CA mutation status (tissue and cfDNA from serum samples) and/or loss of PTEN expression. Patients received buparlisib (100 mg) and tamoxifen (20 mg) once daily on a continuous schedule (28‐day cycle) until progression or unacceptable toxicity.Primary endpoint was overall 6‐month progression‐free survival (PFS) rate. Key secondary endpoints included the 6‐month PFS rate in subpopulations, PFS, overall survival, overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety.Overall, the 6‐month PFS rate was 33.3% (n/N = 7/21, one‐sided 95% CI 16.8‐100) and median PFS was 6.1 (CI 2.6‐10.6) months. The ORR and DCR were 12.5% and 44%. The PIK3CA‐mutated subgroup consistently showed the highest 6‐month PFS rate (62.5%, n/N = 5/8), median PFS (8.7 months), ORR (40%), and DCR (80%). No new safety signals emerged. Most common adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders (56%), psychiatric/mood disorders (48%), skin rash/hypersensitivity (44%), cardiovascular (40%), and hepatic (32%) events. The trial was prematurely terminated due to the substantially altered risk‐benefit profile of buparlisib. Nevertheless, PIK3CA mutations emerged as a clinically feasible and useful biomarker for combined PI3K inhibition and endocrine therapy in patients with HR+ breast cancer. Further biomarker‐stratified studies with isoform‐specific PI3K inhibitors are warranted. EudraCT No: 2014‐000599‐24.
Exploring the synergy between customer home‐based and hotel‐based water consumption and conservation behaviors: An empirical approach
Authors: Untaru Elena‐Nicoleta , Ispas Ana , Han Heesup 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the synergy between customers' home‐based and hotel‐based water conservation behaviors. A market segmentation approach based on water conservation behaviors in households and environmental concerns was undertaken to identify the distinct types of individual groups and understand the differences between segments in terms of demographic characteristics, attitudes, moral obligation, and intentions toward water conservation behavior in a hotel guestroom. Our empirical findings showed that individuals who save water at home and are more environmentally concerned have stronger attitudes, moral obligation, and water conservation intentions while staying in a hotel. The cluster analysis indicated that three distinct segments existed that are significantly different in terms of gender and age. The findings suggested that targeting the three segments, which included the environmentally concerned and active, the environmentally concerned but inactive, and the environmentally unconcerned and inactive groups, with different communication strategies may prove to be a more efficient approach for hotel managers.
Insights for increased risk of failed fibrinolytic therapy and stent thrombosis associated with COVID‐19 in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Lacour Thibaud , Semaan Carl , Genet Thibaud , Ivanes Fabrice 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImportant health resources are dedicated worldwide to the management of COVID‐19. This new disease, due to its large diffusion, may significantly hamper the prognosis of other pathologies, such as ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) because of (a) a possible direct negative impact and (b) shortage of first response medical resources and increased delays to reperfusion. We report the case of a 68‐year‐old man admitted for anterior STEMI and asymptomatic COVID‐19. Due to extended transportation delays to a cathlab, he received intravenous fibrinolytic therapy, which failed. Reperfusion was achieved with rescue coronary angioplasty, but the patient experienced two episodes of acute stent thrombosis at 2‐ and 36‐hr following admission and despite optimal medical therapy. He finally died because of cardiogenic shock. This raises concerns about a possible increase in platelet aggregability associated with COVID‐19 leading to an increased risk of stent thrombosis, particularly in the context of STEMI. This pleads for the promotion of primary coronary angioplasty as the first‐choice revascularization technique in this population and the use of new generation P2Y12 inhibitors. In addition, the use of GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors may be considered in every STEMI patient with COVID‐19 to prevent the risk of acute stent thrombosis.
Malignant melanoma in submandibular gland—A rare diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Gopala Krishnan Srinish , Shehrazi S Ali Raza , Jayaram Sharan Chakkyath , Hall Rachel Clare 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDiagnostic surprises such as melanoma occurring within unusual sites such as submandibular salivary glands are possible. The role of a discerning pathologist with the aid of histochemistry and MDTs is crucial in such circumstances.
Comparing nitrogen timing and sidedressing placement strategies on corn growth and yield in Michigan
Authors: Purucker T.S. , Steinke K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSpring and summer weather volatility plus poor N use efficiency emphasize the importance of improving corn (Zea mays L.) N management strategies. Synchronizing N application with crop uptake and flexibility for in‐season sidedressing placement options may reduce N losses. Field studies in Michigan evaluated four N timing strategies: broadcast pre‐emergence (PRE), sidedressing at V4 to V6 (0:100), a 50:50 split between preplanting incorporation and sidedressing at V4 to V6 (50:50), and 40 lb N acre–1 applied 2 inches below and laterally from the seed at planting followed by sidedressing at V4 to V6 (2 × 2). Within the 0:100, 50:50, and 2 × 2 strategies, the two sidedressing placement methods included coulter injection (CInj) and Y‐drop surface application (YD). The PRE N strategy and YD placement were applied with and without a urease inhibitor (UI). During dry soil conditions following application, N timing, sidedressing placement, and their combinations did not affect grain yield. The agronomic efficiency (AE) of applied N increased by 11.2 to 13.5% with 2 × 2 and 0:100 compared with 50:50 and PRE and increased by 7.8% with CInj over YD, suggesting greater application efficiency with delayed N application and CInj placement. Grain yield, net economic return, and AE were not affected by UI. Midseason N applications allow greater flexibility and adjustments to rate and placement but uptake may be restricted with limited soil moisture. The benefits of YD surface placement may be better realized with adequate surface moisture or as late‐season rescue N applications.
Endometrial stromal sarcomas with BCOR‐rearrangement harbor MDM2 amplifications
Authors: Kommoss Felix KF , Chang Kenneth TE , Stichel Damian , Banito Ana , Jones David TW , Heilig Christoph E , Fröhling Stefan , Sahm Felix , Stenzinger Albrecht , Hartmann Wolfgang , Mechtersheimer Gunhild , Sinn Hans‐Peter , Schmidt Dietmar , Kommoss Friedrich , von Deimling Andreas , Koelsche Christian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecently a novel subtype of endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) defined by recurrent genomic alterations involving BCOR has been described (HGESS‐BCOR). We identified a case of HGESS‐BCOR with a ZC3H7B‐BCOR gene fusion, which harbored an amplification of the MDM2 locus. This index case prompted us to investigate MDM2 amplification in four additional cases of HGESS‐BCOR. Tumors were analyzed for MDM2 amplification by array‐based profiling of copy number alterations (CNAs) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), as well as for MDM2 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Additionally, a cohort of other mesenchymal uterine neoplasms, including 17 low‐grade ESS, 6 classical high‐grade ESS with YWHAE‐rearrangement, 16 uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors, 7 uterine leiomyomas and 8 uterine leiomyosarcomas, was analyzed for CNAs in MDM2. Copy number profiling identified amplification of the 12q15 region involving the MDM2 locus in all five HGESS‐BCOR. Subsequent validation analyses of three tumors confirmed MDM2 amplification using MDM2 FISH. Accordingly, IHC showed MDM2 overexpression in all analyzed cases. None of the other uterine neoplasms in our series, including tumors that are in the histopathological differential diagnoses of HGESS‐BCOR, showed copy number gains of MDM2. Together, our results indicate that HGESS‐BCOR carries MDM2 amplifications, which has diagnostic implications and could potentially be used for targeted therapies in these clinically aggressive tumors.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Porous Carbons and Their Applications in Catalysis
Authors: Zhao Li‐Yuan , Dong Xiao‐Ling , Lu An‐Hui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPorous carbons have shown considerable potential in catalysis as either as supports or metal‐free catalysts. Various methods based on solution chemistry have been intensively developed for the preparation of porous carbon‐based catalysts with controllable morphology, pore structure, surface chemical property as well as the desired active sites. Nowadays, mechanochemical synthesis, a re‐emerging strategy, has become more and more popular in the synthesis of porous carbons, due to its feasibility and high synthetic efficiency under solvent‐free condition. This Minireview presents recent advances in the mechanochemical synthesis of porous carbons by ball milling, and their applications in catalysis. It starts a brief introduction of the characteristics and work mechanism of ball milling, and then discuss the preparation of porous carbons as metal‐free catalysts and carbon‐supported metal catalysts. Finally, some issues and further opportunities for the mechanochemical synthesis of porous carbon‐based catalysts are proposed and discussed.
Benzoselenadiazole‐Based Conjugated Molecules: Active Switching Layers with Nanofibrous Morphology for Nonvolatile Organic Resistive Memory Devices
Authors: Jadhav Rohit G. , Kumar Amitesh , Kumar Sanjay , Maiti Sayan , Mukherjee Shaibal , Das Apurba K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, two symmetrical donor‐acceptor‐donor (D‐A‐D) type benzoselenadiazole (BSeD)‐based π‐conjugated molecules were synthesized and employed as an active switching layer for non‐volatile data storage applications. BSeD‐based derivatives with different donor units attached through common vinylene linkers showed different electrical and optical properties. 4,7‐Di((E)‐styryl)benzo[c][2,1,3]selenadiazole (DSBSeD) and 4,7‐bis((E)‐4‐methoxystyryl)benzo[c][2,1,3]selenadiazole (DMBSeD) are sandwiched between gallium‐doped ZnO (GZO) and metal aluminum electrodes respectively through solution‐processed spin‐coating method. The solution‐processed nanofibrous switching layer containing the DMBSeD‐based memory device showed reliable memory characteristics in terms of write and erase operations with low SET voltage than the random‐aggregated DSBSeD‐based device. The nanofibrous molecular morphology of switching layer overcomes the interfacial hole transport energy barrier at the interface of the DMBSeD thin‐film and the bottom GZO electrode. The memory device GZO/DMBSeD/Al based on nanofibrous switching layers shows switching characteristics at compliance current of 10 mA with Vset=0.79 V and Vreset=−0.55 V. This work will be beneficial for the rational design of advanced next‐generation organic memory devices by controlling the nanostructured morphology of active organic switching layer for enhanced charge‐transfer phenomenon.