bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVALUATING THE ENGAGING OLDER ADULT LEARNERS AS HEALTH RESEARCHERS PROJECT II
Authors: Otieno Dorine , Kondolf Kate , Jackson Phyllis , Duckles Joyce , Seshadri Sandhya , Moses George , Young Doreen , Sörensen Silvia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We discuss the evaluation of the Engaging Older Adult Learners as Health Researchers (ENGOAL), a program designed to educate older adults from underserved and underresourced communities about geriatric health and research methods, enabling them to become Research Partners. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected for evaluation from 21 participants aged 53-79. We used All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale (AAHLS, King’s College, London) and an adaptation of Stanford Patient Education Research Center Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale to assess pre-post and follow-up changes, using repeated measures analyses. Results suggest notable increases in self-efficacy, but only small improvements in subjective health literacy. Themes identified through qualitative analysis of interviews with participants included: (1) Finding our Voices (2) Race and Health (3) Faith and Health (4) Communicating with Providers and (5) Sharing and Advocacy. Emerging community leadership of participants are further evidence of confidence gains in our participants.
STUDENTS’ LEARNING IN COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH: THE POTTED PLANT PROJECT IN PROJECT SOAR
Authors: Dragan Deanna , Mitchell Jermaine , Allen Rebecca S , Payne-Foster Pamela , Oliver JoAnn , Spencer Christopher 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sharing Opinions and Advice about Research (Project SOAR), funded by PCORI, trained individuals living in under-resourced and underserved communities how to evaluate and provide advice to scientists about recruitment procedures, survey items, and intervention components for implementation in their communities. Moreover, graduate students learned community-based participatory research (CBPR) procedures and interacted with communities in implementing their own research projects. Students worked with the urban Holt community in western Alabama on issues of food insecurity due to pollution and concerns about growing vegetables and herbs in the soil. Students participated in the Potted Plant Project and plant give away, collecting questionnaire and health data. Students reported finding the fluid nature of research during this community event both stressful and rewarding. Students also identified how familiarity with CBPR procedures enhanced their clinical service provision in the community. Discussion will focus on future graduate training needs in implementation of CBPR.
PHYSICAL-MENTAL-ORAL-COGNITIVE HEALTH IN OLDER KOREAN AMERICANS: A MULTISITE STUDY
Authors: Jang Yuri , Park Nan Sook , Rhee Min-Kyoung , Yoon Hyunwoo , Cho Yong Ju , Kim miyong T , Chiriboga David A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Using data from surveys with older Korean Americans (n = 2,150) conducted at five sites in the U.S. (California, New York, Texas, Hawaii, and Florida), the present study explored the status of physical/mental/oral/cognitive health and its determinants. For each health domain, we examined how self-rating (excellent/very good/good/fair/poor) of health was associated with other domain-relevant indicators (e.g., the number of chronic diseases, symptoms of depression, problems with teeth or gums, or cognitive performance) and sociocultural factors (e.g., socioeconomic status, acculturation, social network, and social cohesion). Geographic variation was also considered. The correlations between self-ratings and domain-relevant indicators in all health domains were significant but moderate. A series of multivariate regression models of self-ratings of physical/mental/oral/cognitive health not only confirmed the effect of the domain-relevant health indicators but also demonstrated a critical contribution of sociocultural determinants. Implications for older immigrants were discussed in terms of place, culture, and context.
PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA IN OLDER KOREAN AMERICANS
Authors: Lee Hochang , Kim Miyong , Walsh Peter , Kim Kim B , Han Haera 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
With a high prevalence of well-established risk dementia risk factors (e.g. tobacco, alcohol use, hypertension, and diabetes), there is a dire need for data on prevalence and correlates of cognitive impairment and related service utilization among older Korean Americans. Memory and Aging study of Koreans (MASK) is a two-stage epidemiological survey with two-step sampling strategy to obtain a representative sample. We screened 1,118 older Korean Americans (mean age: 70.7, female: 67.2%) with a Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Exam, and 118 persons sampled from two levels of performance on the MMSE underwent the second stage clinical evaluation that included the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD). Preliminary analysis estimated that community prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in this population was 28.4% (CI: 18.2%-41.5%) and dementia was 7.2% (3.8% - 13.2%). Correlates of cognitive impairment, and potential barriers to the services will be discussed during this presentation.
AGING-IN-COMMUNITY MODELS AND PROGRAMS: PROGRAM AND POLICY PLANNING STRATEGIES
Authors: Hou Su-I , Graham Carrie , Greenfield Emily 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This symposium introduces key aging-in-community models and programs, with a particular focus on program and policy planning strategies. Villages are a new, consumer-directed model that aim to promote aging -in-community through a combination of facilitated social engagement, member-to-member support, volunteer opportunities, and collective bargaining for services. Dr. Graham from the University of California will share results from both a national survey of Village directors and a survey of village members, summarizing Village organizational development trends and members’ perceived impacts. Dr. Gilcksman from Philadelphia Corporation for Aging will share how older adults who do not participate in a Village create their own informal social and service network to maintain themselves and to accomplish the same goals as a Village, building community at the neighborhood level. Additionally, Dr. Hou from the University of Central Florida will discuss lessons learned on program planning strategies among older adults participating in three programs promoting aging-in-community: a university-based lifelong learning program (LLP), a county neighborhood lunch program (NLP), and a Florida Village program as a comparative case study. Finally, Dr. Glass from the University of North Carolina Wilmington will share the current trend of the new senior cohousing model, promises and challenges for older adults providing mutual support to each other as they age together. This symposium will further discuss strengths and weakness, and planning strategies of the various AIC models and programs.
REMAINING SOCIALLY CONNECTED AT 100 AND BEYOND REDUCES IMPACT OF LONELINESS ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS
Authors: Jung Seung Eun , bishop Alex , Kim Seoyoun , Hermann Janice 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Understanding factors influencing centenarians’ nutritional status can offer insight into effective nutrition interventions to improve quality of life among this population. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the moderating role of social support in the relationship between loneliness and nutritional status among Oklahoma centenarians (n=140). Nutritional status was assessed with the Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA). Perceived social support was assessed with the 24-item Social Provisions Scale. Loneliness was examined with the 10-item UCLA loneliness scale. Ordinal logistic regression revealed that those who lacked social support were more likely to be at risk for malnutrition (OR=2.28, p&lt;.05). Further, the interactive model revealed that centenarians who reported lack of support and loneliness were almost 2.8 times as likely to be at risk for malnutrition compared to their socially embedded counterparts (p&lt;.01). Findings suggest that nutrition interventions offering centenarians opportunities to feel socially connected could improve their nutritional well-being.
THE VILLAGE MODEL, WHAT’S NEXT?
Authors: Graham Carrie , Scharlach Andrew 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Researchers at UC Berkeley will present some key findings of their research on Villages spanning the last decade. First, results of a longitudinal study of operational Village organizations in the US (conducted in 2009, 2012, and 2016) reveals that the Village model has expanded and developed over time, with some changes in organizational structure. A national survey of Village members (N=2000) shows that Village remain homogeneous, and impact different types of members in different ways, with older, more frail members perceiving more quality of life benefit, while younger, healthier members perceive more benefits in the areas of social engagement. Finally, two studies looking at Village retention/participation show that issues such as lack of diversity, focus on social engagement can be barriers to inclusion, retention and ultimately, scalability of the model.
MY PARENT’S BODY IS SACRED: LATINO PERSPECTIVES ON BRAIN DONATION FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE RESEARCH
Authors: Montoya Yadira , Balbim Guilherme M , Glover Crystal M , Marquez David X 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Brain donation is a critical part of advancing research addressing Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Latinos are at a higher risk of developing ADRD compared to non-Latino Whites. However, there is limited knowledge regarding causes and mechanisms related to ADRD health disparities among Latinos partially due to lower research participation and brain donation rates. Family members play a pivotal role in increasing brain donation rates, particularly, among underrepresented groups. In this study, we examine the perceptions of brain donation among adult children of older Latinos. We invited Latino men and women (N=15) with a parental-figure who was 65 years and over to participate in one of three focus groups. During the focus groups, participants discussed the meaning of brain donation for research, reasons to donate or not, and their reactions to the possibility of their parental-figure being a brain donor. All focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed with transcripts used for data analysis. We used a Grounded Theory Approach to analyze focus group data. Results yielded three themes: (1) social and cultural factors influencing a family’s willingness to support organ donation; (2) lack of knowledge about the brain donation process; and (3) recommendations for engaging more Latinos in ADRD research and brain donation. Findings provide insight into how family participation may facilitate increased brain donation rates in ADRD studies among older Latinos. A main recommendation for researchers is to adopt a family-centered approach throughout the research process with a focus on addressing information gaps - from recruitment to dissemination.
ASIAN OLDER ADULTS’ ONLINE AND OFFLINE HEALTH INFORMATION PREFERENCES AND BEHAVIORS
Authors: Xie Bo , Shiroma Kristina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Older adults living in Asia or of Asian origin have unique preferences for information that require special attention. This symposium focuses on the health information preferences and behaviors of Asian older adults. Song et al. investigated the relationship between Internet use and perceived loneliness among Older Chinese using from survey data collected in the 2015 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a national study involving 12,400 households in Mainland China. Multiple regression results suggest that older Chinese Internet users perceived significantly less loneliness compared with their age peers who were non-Internet users. Zhang et al. investigated the role of information and communication technologies in supporting antiretroviral therapy (ART)-related knowledge seeking among older Chinese with HIV. Their cross-sectional survey data were collected from 2012 to 2013 in Guangxi, China. The results suggest that less than 5% of the participants sought HIV-related information via computers. Patients less knowledgeable about ART were more likely than those more knowledgeable to consult medical professionals about the disease via cell phones. Shiroma et al. report findings of a systematic literature review conducted in spring 2019 that examined Asian ethnic minority older adults’ preferences for end-of-Life (EOL) information seeking and decision making. The results suggest Asian ethnic minority older adults are understudied in the literature on EOL information and decision making, especially in terms of their unique cultural contexts. Du et al. examined how health information obtained from different types of social networks affect osteoporosis self-management behaviors among older White and Asian women.
END-OF-LIFE INFORMATION PREFERENCES OF ASIAN OLDER ADULTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Shiroma Kristina , Davis Nathan , Xie Bo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Older adults of Asian ethnic minority groups are often underrepresented in the literature on cultural aspects of end-of-life (EOL) decision making. This literature review aimed to systematically investigate the cultural aspects of EOL decision making for aging adults of Asian ethnic minority groups. In February 2019, systematic searches were conducted in PubMed using MeSH terms “end-of-life”, “decision-making”, and “culture OR cultural”. Articles with human subjects, full text in English, published in the past 10 years, with original, empirical findings were included. After multiple rounds of screening, the final sample included 22 results, with sample sizes ranging from 11 to over 9 millions representing South Asian, Chinese, Korean, Taiwanese, Singaporean, Asian and Asian/Pacific adults. The findings suggest the literature on older Asian adults is present, but limited. Future research is needed to explore cultural aspects of Asian ethnic minority groups in respect to older adult’s information preferences in EOL decision-making.
THE ROLE OF ICT IN ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY-RELATED KNOWLEDGE SEEKING AMONG OLDER CHINESE LIVING WITH HIV
Authors: Zhang Yao , Li Xiaoming , Qiao Shan , Zhou Yuejiao , Shen Zhiyong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) enables HIV patients to reduce disease progression. ART adherence is closely related to patients’ knowledge about the medical treatment. This study investigated the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in supporting ART-related knowledge seeking among older Chinese with HIV, using cross-sectional data collected from 2012 to 2013 in Guangxi, China. Of the 2987 HIV patients, 688 were 45 years or older and going through ART. We used an 11-item scale (α=0.69), which was developed based on existing literature, to assess ART-related knowledge to obtain a composite score (0-11). Less than 5% of the participants sought HIV-related information via computers. Patients with lower ART-related knowledge were more likely to consult medical professionals about the disease via cell phones than those with higher scores (8.28 vs. 9.45, p &lt; 0.001). The results suggest that future interventions should integrate cell phones to promote ART-related knowledge dissemination among older patients.
CHOT STUDENT REPRESENTATIVE
Authors: Puro Neeraj 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As the Senior Student Representative for the Social Research, Policy, and Practice Section for GSA one of the goals is to organize a symposium that would be beneficial for students and junior researchers. In this section, we will have a student who was involved in CHOT to speak about his experience. Neeraj Puro is a doctoral candidate who has been involved in several CHOT projects during his academic career. The CHOT has helped fund his doctoral work and allowed him to travel and present at more conferences. The projects that he was involved in helped him with early publications and assisted when he was out in the career market. He will speak about his experience; what he learned, and his opinion about the process. He will reflect on this program from a student/junior researcher’s perspective and how it has influenced his doctoral journey and the beginning of his career.
CORRECTING GLUTATHIONE DEFICIENCY IN AGING: IMPACT ON MITOCHONDRIA, STRENGTH, INFLAMMATION AND METABOLIC DEFECTS
Authors: Sekhar Rajagopal , Taffet George E , Fielding Roger 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aging is associated with deficiency of Glutathione, the most abundant, intracellular, antioxidant protein, but underlying mechanisms are unknown and interventions limited. This symposium is primarily focused on the results of placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized clinical-trial (RCT) on the impact of correcting Glutathione deficiency in older humans on mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress, strength, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Dr. Jahoor’s presentation will serve as an introduction by discussing mechanisms underlying Glutathione deficiency and validation of a novel nutritional intervention based on supplementing glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) to correct Glutathione deficiency in older-humans. Dr. Sekhar will present the results of a pilot 16-week pilot randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial in older humans investigating the effect of supplementing GlyNAC (vs. placebo) to improve Glutathione levels and oxidative-stress in 24 older-humans and 12 young-humans on impaired mitochondrial fuel-oxidation (MFO) and other defects. The trial met its primary objective that that GlyNAC supplementation (and not placebo) significantly improved Glutathione deficiency and corrected impaired MFO (and defects in its molecular regulation), and also significantly improved gait-speed (increased 19% increase to match young-humans), muscle-strength, exercise-capacity, and lowered oxidative-stress (80%) inflammation (IL-6 83%, TNF-alpha 58%), and insulin-resistance (68%). Dr. Taffet will discuss age-induced diastolic heart failure, and the effect of supplementing GlyNAC (vs. NAC alone) in aged 24-month old mice with diastolic heart-failure, impaired myocardial MFO and cardiac-inflammation. Collectively this symposium on Glutathione and Aging will highlight the discovery that supplementing GlyNAC to correct Glutathione deficiency in older-humans has significant health benefits, and could be a novel nutritional-intervention in aging.
GLUTATHIONE DEFICIENCY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN AGING: METABOLIC MECHANISM AND TARGETED INTERVENTION
Authors: Jahoor Farook , Taffet George E , Sekhar Rajagopal V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The free-radical theory of aging suggests that age-related functional decline is mediated by increases in free-radical induced oxidative-stress. Cells normally depend on antioxidants for protection against oxidative-stress. Glutathione is the most abundant endogenous intracellular antioxidant protein composed of 3 amino-acids, cysteine, glycine and glutamic-acid, and is known to be deficient in older-humans. We investigated Glutathione kinetics in older humans using a stable-isotope tracer-based approach, and found that compared to younger humans, older-humans had severe Glutathione deficiency as a result of decreased synthesis caused by limited availability of glycine and cysteine, and associated with elevated oxidative-stress. Orally supplementing glycine and cysteine (provided as N-acetylcysteine) at doses of 1.33mmol/kg/d and 0.81mmol/kg/d respectively for 2-weeks corrected their intracellular deficiency, normalized Glutathione synthesis rates and lowered oxidative-stress to levels in younger controls. These results suggest that short-term supplementation of GlyNAC at these doses can successfully correct intracellular Glutathione deficiency in older-humans.
DOES AGE AFFECT CREATIVE PROCESS AND STYLE? A COMPARISON OF OLDER AND YOUNGER VISUAL ARTISTS
Authors: Ardelt Monika , Orwoll Lucinda 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study investigated differences in the creative process and style between 85 older (age 60-89 years, M=72.39) and 63 younger (age 27-58 years, M=41.95) visual artists who were nominated as artistically creative exemplars. Answers to open-ended survey questions were coded and compared by age group. Results of t-tests showed that the described creative process and style were similar for older and younger artists, with many being inspired by their environment or ideas and engaging in an intuitive and visual style. However, younger artists were more likely than older artists to be inspired by ideas, words, life, and the work process and to use an intuitive, expressionistic, eclectic, spiritual, and textured style. Interestingly, younger artists were more likely to believe that older artists have greater artistic experience, maturity, willingness to take risks, and understanding of the art world, whereas older artists tended to think that young artists are more original.
LATENCY/PATHWAYS, FUNCTIONALISM/MORPHOGENESIS: CONTRASTING PARADIGMS OF LIFE-COURSE INEQUALITY AND CHANGE
Authors: Dannefer Dale 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Attention to dis/advantage during childhood has become a major interest of life-course studies. It has been a force in advancing attention to inequality over the undifferentiated “normal aging” versions of life-course and gerontological research, making clear the irreducible importance of the presence/ absence of key resources in accounting for life-course outcomes, from early onward. Explanatory strategies set forth within this work often contrast “latency/early origins” models (with explanation anchored in the early years) with “pathways” models (which examine the independent effects of adult life-course circumstances). This paper argues that these two types of models actually are aligned with distinct conceptual paradigms that imply fundamentally different understandings of aging in society (“functionalist/organismic” and “systemic/morphogenetic”). The differential implications of these two models for the relation of cumulative dis/advantage and social change is explored.
CUMULATIVE DIS/ADVANTAGE, COHORTS, AND ECONOMIC SHOCKS BEFORE AND AFTER: LIFE COURSE INEQUALITY AND THE RECESSION
Authors: Crystal Stephen , Zewde Naomi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We examined age/cohort profiles of income inequality in the Survey of Consumer Finances for 2007, 2010, and 2016. Overall, the Gini coefficient decreased somewhat following the 2008 onset of the Recession, but rebounded by 2016 to a higher level than the 2007 baseline. Within-cohort inequality trends from 2007-2016 differed considerably across cohorts. For late baby boomers and millennials, inequality increased sharply – from .56 to .67 for the 1963-1972 birth cohort and from .49 to .60 for the 1973-1982 birth cohort. Inequality was higher at baseline for early baby boomers than later cohorts but did not increase as they moved into midlife and early late life. The Great Recession, with its large drops in asset values, initially led to slight reductions in inequality, but this effect was temporary. Late boomers and millennials experienced sharp increases in inequality following the Recession, presaging a very high-inequality late-life experience for these cohorts.