bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A machine learning framework for computationally expensive transient models
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Sinha Kushal , Nere Nandkishor K. , Shin Yujin , Ho Raimundo , Mlinar Laurie B. , Sheikh Ahmad Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTransient simulations of dynamic systems, using physics-based scientific computing tools, are practically limited by availability of computational resources and power. While the promise of machine learning has been explored in a variety of scientific disciplines, its application in creation of a framework for computationally expensive transient models has not been fully explored. Here, we present an ensemble approach where one such computationally expensive tool, discrete element method, is combined with time-series forecasting via auto regressive integrated moving average and machine learning methods to simulate a complex pharmaceutical problem: development of an agitation protocol in an agitated filter dryer to ensure uniform solid bed mixing. This ensemble approach leads to a significant reduction in the computational burden, while retaining model accuracy and performance, practically rendering simulations possible. The developed machine-learning model shows good predictability and agreement with the literature, demonstrating its tremendous potential in scientific computing.
Quantum teleportation mediated by surface plasmon polariton
Authors: Jiang Xin-He , Chen Peng , Qian Kai-Yi , Chen Zhao-Zhong , Xu Shu-Qi , Xie Yu-Bo , Zhu Shi-Ning , Ma Xiao-Song 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSurface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are collective excitations of free electrons propagating along a metal-dielectric interface. Although some basic quantum properties of SPPs, such as the preservation of entanglement, the wave-particle duality of a single plasmon, the quantum interference of two plasmons, and the verification of entanglement generation, have been shown, more advanced quantum information protocols have yet to be demonstrated with SPPs. Here, we experimentally realize quantum state teleportation between single photons and SPPs. To achieve this, we use polarization-entangled photon pairs, coherent photon–plasmon–photon conversion on a metallic subwavelength hole array, complete Bell-state measurements and an active feed-forward technique. The results of both quantum state and quantum process tomography confirm the quantum nature of the SPP mediated teleportation. An average state fidelity of $$0.889\pm 0.004$$

0.889
±
0.004

and a process fidelity of $$0.820\pm 0.005$$

0.820
±
0.005

, which are well above the classical limit, are achieved. Our work shows that SPPs may be useful for realizing complex quantum protocols in a photonic-plasmonic hybrid quantum network.
Fabrication of 3D binder-free graphene NiO electrode for highly stable supercapattery
Authors: Agudosi Elochukwu Stephen , Abdullah Ezzat Chan , Numan Arshid , Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar , Aid Siti Rahmah , Benages-Vilau Raúl , Gómez-Romero Pedro , Khalid Mohammad , Omar Nurizan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElectrochemical stability of energy storage devices is one of their major concerns. Polymeric binders are generally used to enhance the stability of the electrode, but the electrochemical performance of the device is compromised due to the poor conductivity of the binders. Herein, 3D binder-free electrode based on nickel oxide deposited on graphene (G-NiO) was fabricated by a simple two-step method. First, graphene was deposited on nickel foam via atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition followed by electrodeposition of NiO. The structural and morphological analyses of the fabricated G-NiO electrode were conducted through Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). XRD and Raman results confirmed the successful growth of high-quality graphene on nickel foam. FESEM images revealed the sheet and urchin-like morphology of the graphene and NiO, respectively. The electrochemical performance of the fabricated electrode was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in aqueous solution at room temperature. The G-NiO binder-free electrode exhibited a specific capacity of ≈ 243 C g−1 at 3 mV s−1 in a three-electrode cell. A two-electrode configuration of G-NiO//activated charcoal was fabricated to form a hybrid device (supercapattery) that operated in a stable potential window of 1.4 V. The energy density and power density of the asymmetric device measured at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 were estimated to be 47.3 W h kg−1 and 140 W kg−1, respectively. Additionally, the fabricated supercapattery showed high cyclic stability with 98.7% retention of specific capacity after 5,000 cycles. Thus, the proposed fabrication technique is highly suitable for large scale production of highly stable and binder-free electrodes for electrochemical energy storage devices.
Genome wide association analysis of a stemborer egg induced “call-for-help” defence trait in maize
Authors: Tamiru Amanuel , Paliwal Rajneesh , Manthi Samuel J. , Odeny Damaris A. , Midega Charles A. O. , Khan Zeyaur R. , Pickett John A. , Bruce Toby J. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTritrophic interactions allow plants to recruit natural enemies for protection against herbivory. Here we investigated genetic variability in induced responses to stemborer egg-laying in maize Zea mays (L.) (Poaceae). We conducted a genome wide association study (GWAS) of 146 maize genotypes comprising of landraces, inbred lines and commercial hybrids. Plants were phenotyped in bioassays measuring parasitic wasp Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) attraction to volatiles collected from plants exposed to stemborer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) eggs. Genotyping-by-sequencing was used to generate maize germplasm SNP data for GWAS. The egg-induced parasitoid attraction trait was more common in landraces than in improved inbred lines and hybrids. GWAS identified 101 marker-trait associations (MTAs), some of which were adjacent to genes involved in the JA-defence pathway (opr7, aos1, 2, 3), terpene biosynthesis (fps3, tps2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10), benzoxazinone synthesis (bx7, 9) and known resistance genes (e.g. maize insect resistance 1, mir1). Intriguingly, there was also association with a transmembrane protein kinase that may function as a receptor for the egg elicitor and other genes implicated in early plant defence signalling. We report maize genomic regions associated with indirect defence and provide a valuable resource for future studies of tritrophic interactions in maize. The markers identified may facilitate selection of indirect defence by maize breeders.
Using diffusion tensor imaging to detect cortical changes in fronto-temporal dementia subtypes
Authors: Torso M. , Bozzali M. , Cercignani M. , Jenkinson M. , Chance S. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFronto-temporal dementia (FTD) is a common type of presenile dementia, characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation that includes three main subtypes: behavioural-variant FTD, non-fluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia and semantic variant PPA. To better understand the FTD subtypes and develop more specific treatments, correct diagnosis is essential. This study aimed to test the discrimination power of a novel set of cortical Diffusion Tensor Imaging measures (DTI), on FTD subtypes. A total of 96 subjects with FTD and 84 healthy subjects (HS) were included in the study. A “selection cohort” was used to determine the set of features (measurements) and to use them to select the “best” machine learning classifier from a range of seven main models. The selected classifier was trained on a “training cohort” and tested on a third cohort (“test cohort”). The classifier was used to assess the classification power for binary (HS vs. FTD), and multiclass (HS and FTD subtypes) classification problems. In the binary classification, one of the new DTI features obtained the highest accuracy (85%) as a single feature, and when it was combined with other DTI features and two other common clinical measures (grey matter fraction and MMSE), obtained an accuracy of 88%. The new DTI features can distinguish between HS and FTD subgroups with an accuracy of 76%. These results suggest that DTI measures could support differential diagnosis in a clinical setting, potentially improve efficacy of new innovative drug treatments through effective patient selection, stratification and measurement of outcomes.
Prevalence of susceptibility patterns of opportunistic bacteria in line with CLSI or EUCAST among Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolated from respiratory microbiota
Authors: Kosikowska Urszula , Andrzejczuk Sylwia , Grywalska Ewelina , Chwiejczak Edyta , Winiarczyk Stanisław , Pietras-Ożga Dorota , Stępień-Pyśniak Dagmara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe application of CLSI and EUCAST guidelines led to many discrepancies. Various doubts have already appeared in preliminary stages of microbiological diagnostics of Haemophilus spp. A total of 87 H. parainfluenzae isolates were obtained from throat or nasopharyngeal swabs from adults 18 to 70 years old, both healthy volunteers and patients with chronic diseases between 2013 to 2015 in eastern Poland. Haemophilus spp. were identified by colony morphology, Gram-staining, API NH and MALDI-TOF MS technique. Both susceptibility to various antimicrobials and phenotypes of Haemophilus spp. resistance to beta-lactams were determined. Statistically significant association between applied guidelines and drug resistance patterns were observed to as follows: ampicillin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, azithromycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Resistance phenotypes according to CLSI vs. EUCAST were as follows: 3.4% vs. 8.0% for BLNAR and 6.9% vs. 19.5% for BLPACR isolates. In conclusion, this is the first study that reports comparative analysis of drug susceptibility interpretation using CLSI and EUCAST of haemophili rods from human respiratory microbiota in Poland. In case of susceptible, increased exposure (formerly intermediate) category of susceptibility within H. parainfluenzae isolates we have observed EUCAST as more restrictive than CLSI. Moreover, BLNAI and BLPAI phenotype isolates have been observed, as well as BLPBR using only CLSI or EUCAST guidelines, respectively.
Contamination of wounds with fecal bacteria in immuno-suppressed mice
Authors: Karner Lisa , Drechsler Susanne , Metzger Magdalena , Slezak Paul , Zipperle Johannes , Pinar Guadalupe , Sterflinger Katja , Leisch Friedrich , Grillari Johannes , Osuchowski Marcin , Dungel Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImmunocompromised patients are predisposed to chronically infected wounds. Especially ulcers in the dorsal region often experience secondary polymicrobial infections. However, current wound infection models mostly use single-strain bacteria. To mimic clinically occurring infections caused by fecal contamination in immunocompromised/immobile patients, which differ significantly from single-strain infections, the present study aimed at the establishment of a new mouse model using infection by fecal bacteria. Dorsal circular excision wounds in immunosuppressed mice were infected with fecal slurry solution in several dilutions up to 1:8,000. Impact of immunosuppressor, bacterial load and timing on development of wound infections was investigated. Wounds were analyzed by scoring, 3D imaging and swab analyses. Autofluorescence imaging was not successful. Dose-finding of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression was necessary for establishment of bacterial wound infections. Infection with fecal slurry diluted 1:166 to 1:400 induced significantly delayed wound healing (p < 0.05) without systemic reactions. Swab analyses post-infection matched the initial polymicrobial suspension. The customized wound score confirmed significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05). Here we report the establishment of a simple, new mouse model for clinically occurring wound infections by fecal bacteria and the evaluation of appropriate wound analysis methods. In the future, this model will provide a suitable tool for the investigation of complex microbiological interactions and evaluation of new therapeutic approaches.
The correlation of deep learning-based CAD-RADS evaluated by coronary computed tomography angiography with breast arterial calcification on mammography
Authors: Huang Zengfa , Xiao Jianwei , Xie Yuanliang , Hu Yun , Zhang Shutong , Li Xiang , Wang Zheng , Li Zuoqin , Wang Xiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study sought to evaluate the association of breast arterial calcification (BAC) on breast screening mammography with the Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) based on Deep Learning-coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). This prospective single institution study included asymptomatic women over 40 who underwent CCTA and breast cancer screening mammography between July 2018 and April 2019. CAD-RADS was scored based on Deep Learning (DL). Mammograms were assessed visually for the presence of BAC. A total of 213 patients were included in the analysis. In comparison to the low CAD-RADS (CAD-RADS < 3) group, the high CAD-RADS (CAD-RADS ≥ 3) group, more often had a history of hypertension (P = 0.036), diabetes (P = 0.017), and chronic kidney disease (P = 0.006). They also had a significantly higher level of LDL-C (P = 0.024), while HDL-C was lower than in the low CAD-RADS group (P = 0.003). BAC was also significantly higher in the high CAD-RADS group (P = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, the presence of BAC [odd ratio (OR) 10.22, 95% CI 2.86–36.49, P < 0.001] maintained a significant associations with CAD-RADS after adjustment by meaningful variable. The same tendency was also found after adjustment by all covariates. There was a significant correlation between the severities of CAD detected by DL based CCTA and BAC in women undergoing breast screening mammography. BAC may be used as an additional diagnostic tool to predict the severity of CAD in this population.
Estimating the efficacy of symptom-based screening for COVID-19
Authors: Callahan Alison , Steinberg Ethan , Fries Jason A. , Gombar Saurabh , Patel Birju , Corbin Conor K. , Shah Nigam H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is substantial interest in using presenting symptoms to prioritize testing for COVID-19 and establish symptom-based surveillance. However, little is currently known about the specificity of COVID-19 symptoms. To assess the feasibility of symptom-based screening for COVID-19, we used data from tests for common respiratory viruses and SARS-CoV-2 in our health system to measure the ability to correctly classify virus test results based on presenting symptoms. Based on these results, symptom-based screening may not be an effective strategy to identify individuals who should be tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection or to obtain a leading indicator of new COVID-19 cases.
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the Study of Speech and Language Impairment Across the Life Span: A Systematic Review
Authors: Butler Lindsay K. , Kiran Swathi , Tager-Flusberg Helen 
Published: July 2020

PurposeFunctional brain imaging is playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of communication disorders, yet many populations and settings are incompatible with functional magnetic resonance imaging and other commonly used techniques. We conducted a systematic review of neuroimaging studies using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) with individuals with speech or language impairment across the life span. We aimed to answer the following question: To what extent has fNIRS been used to investigate the neural correlates of speech-language impairment?MethodThis systematic review was preregistered with PROSPERO, the international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42019136464). We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol for preferred reporting items for systematic reviews. The database searches were conducted between February and March of 2019 with the following search terms: (a) fNIRS or functional near-infrared spectroscopy or NIRS or near-infrared spectroscopy, (b) speech or language, and (c) disorder or impairment or delay.ResultsWe found 34 fNIRS studies that involved individuals with speech or language impairment across nine categories: (a) autism spectrum disorders; (b) developmental speech and language disorders; (c) cochlear implantation and deafness; (d) dementia, dementia of the Alzheimer's type, and mild cognitive impairment; (e) locked-in syndrome; (f) neurologic speech disorders/dysarthria; (g) stroke/aphasia; (h) stuttering; and (i) traumatic brain injury.ConclusionsThough it is not without inherent challenges, fNIRS may have advantages over other neuroimaging techniques in the areas of speech and language impairment. fNIRS has clinical applications that may lead to improved early and differential diagnosis, increase our understanding of response to treatment, improve neuroprosthetic functioning, and advance neurofeedback.
Taurin
Authors: Gröber Uwe 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungTaurin ist eine nicht proteinogene Aminosäure mit hohen Gewebskonzentrationen in Gehirn und Herz sowie im ZNS. Absolut gesehen befindet sich die größte Menge Taurin in der Muskulatur. Aufgrund seiner zahlreichen Funktionen im Stoffwechsel und in verschiedenen Organen sind die Symptome eines Mangels weitreichend. Die Supplementierung von Taurin ist bei zahlreichen Erkrankungen indiziert.
Oncogenic KRAS Drives Metabolic Vulnerabilities by Directly Regulating Metabolic Enzymes in Cancer
Authors: Zhang Liyi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming, such as enhanced aerobic glycolysis, allows cancer cells to maintain viability and promote proliferation. It is one of the major consequences of oncogenic mutations. KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancer. It is thought to be closely related to metabolic reprogramming. However, it is not clear whether it can participate in metabolic reprogramming by directly regulating metabolic enzymes. Additionally, the functional differences among the splice variants of KRAS have not been determined. In a study, recently published in Nature, Amendola et al reported a unique interaction between one of the KRAS splice variants (KRAS4A) and the major glycolytic enzyme (hexokinase 1) in cancer cells. Their findings indicated that a better understanding on the regulation of hexokinase 1 by KRAS may reveal novel therapeutic strategies.
Renal Calculi as Initial Presenting Symptom of Glycogen Storage Disease (Type 1 A) in Early Infancy
Authors: Mirza Nida , Malhotra Smita , Sibal Anupam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlycogen storage diseases are a group of heterogeneous metabolic disorders that result from a defect in enzymatic pathway of either glycogen synthesis or glycogen degradation. Here we are reporting a case of glycogen storage diseases type 1 with renal stone as initial manifestation of disease at 2 months of age. There were case reports of recurrent renal calculi in older age group with this disease and considered to be arisen due to metabolic derangements. Although the exact mechanism of renal stones in glycogen storage disease is not clear, in this unique case occurrence of renal stones at 2 months of age suggests that the pathogenesis of renal calculi is probably multifactorial or a part of disease.
miRNA‐ and cytokine‐associated extracellular vesicles mediate squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Flemming Joseph P. , Hill Brianna L. , Haque Mohammed W. , Raad Jessica , Bonder Claudine S. , Harshyne Larry A. , Rodeck Ulrich , Luginbuhl Adam , Wahl James K. , Tsai Kenneth Y. , Wermuth Peter J. , Overmiller Andrew M. , Mahoney Mỹ G. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTExosomes, or small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), serve as intercellular messengers with key roles in normal and pathological processes. Our previous work had demonstrated that Dsg2 expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells enhanced both sEV secretion and loading of pro‐mitogenic cargo. In this study, using wild‐type Dsg2 and a mutant form that is unable to be palmitoylated (Dsg2cacs), we investigated the mechanism by which Dsg2 modulates SCC tumour development and progression through sEVs. We demonstrate that palmitoylation was required for Dsg2 to regulate sub‐cellular localisation of lipid raft and endosomal proteins necessary for sEV biogenesis. Pharmacological inhibition of the endosomal pathway abrogated Dsg2‐mediated sEV release. In murine xenograft models, Dsg2‐expressing cells generated larger xenograft tumours as compared to cells expressing GFP or Dsg2cacs. Co‐treatment with sEVs derived from Dsg2‐over‐expressing cells increased xenograft size. Cytokine profiling revealed, Dsg2 enhanced both soluble and sEV‐associated IL‐8 and miRNA profiling revealed, Dsg2 down‐regulated both cellular and sEV‐loaded miR‐146a. miR‐146a targets IRAK1, a serine‐threonine kinase involved in IL‐8 signalling. Treatment with a miR‐146a inhibitor up‐regulated both IRAK1 and IL‐8 expression. RNAseq analysis of HNSCC tumours revealed a correlation between Dsg2 and IL‐8. Finally, elevated IL‐8 plasma levels were detected in a subset of HNSCC patients who did not respond to immune checkpoint therapy, suggesting that these patients may benefit from prior anti‐IL‐8 treatment. In summary, these results suggest that intercellular communication through cell‐cell adhesion, cytokine release and secretion of EVs are coordinated, and critical for tumour growth and development, and may serve as potential prognostic markers to inform treatment options.AbbreviationsBasal cell carcinomas, BCC; Betacellulin, BTC; 2‐bromopalmitate, 2‐Bromo; Cluster of differentiation, CD; Cytochrome c oxidase IV, COX IV; Desmoglein 2, Dsg2; Early endosome antigen 1, EEA1; Epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15, EPS15; Extracellular vesicle, EV; Flotillin 1, Flot1; Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPH; Green fluorescent protein, GFP; Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, HNSCC; Interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase 1, IRAK1; Interleukin 8, IL‐8; Large EV, lEV; MicroRNA, miR; Palmitoylacyltransferase, PAT; Ras‐related protein 7 Rab7; Small EV, sEV; Squamous cell carcinoma, SCC; Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, TIMP; Tumour microenvironment, TME
Demonstration of InP/InAsP/InP axial heterostructure nanowire array vertical LEDs
Authors: Akamatsu Tomoya , Tomioka Katsuhiro , Motohisa Junichi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires (NWs), which have nanoscale footprints, enable us to realize various quantum structures with excellent position and size controllability, utilizing a wide range of materials for heterostructures. In addition, enhancing light extraction and controlling spontaneous emission by modifying their size and shape are possible. Thus, NWs are promising materials for nanoscale light sources applicable from visible to telecommunication bands. In this study, we grew InP/InAsP/InP axial heterostructure NWs, where the InAsP layer was embedded to serve as an active layer, by selective-area growth and demonstrated vertical NW array light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a step towards realizing on-demand single photon sources. The NW array LEDs showed rectifying characteristics and electroluminescence originating from the embedded InAsP layer in the near-infrared region.