bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Knowing of Knowing
Authors: Urban Hugh B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article traces the idea of neo-Gnosticism in a series of occult and new religious movements from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. Specifically, the article examines the links between two controversial groups that both described themselves as modern forms of Gnosticism: first, the European esoteric group, the Ordo Templi Orientis, and second, the American new religion, the Church of Scientology. Founded by Theodor Reuss in Germany in the 1890s, the O.T.O. described itself as a form of “Gnostic Neo-Christian Templar” religion, with sexual magic as its primary ritual secret. Its most infamous leader, British occultist Aleister Crowley, also developed a full scale “Gnostic Mass” for the group. Many elements of the O.T.O. and Crowley’s work were later picked up by none other than L. Ron Hubbard, the eclectic founder of Scientology, who also called his new church a “Gnostic religion,” since it is the “knowing of knowing” (scientia + logos). To conclude, I will discuss the ways in which these Gnostic and occult elements within Scientology later became a source of embarrassment for the church and were eventually either obscured or denied altogether—in effect, obfuscated by still further layers of secrecy and concealment.
Exploring Controls on Tropical Cyclone Count through the Geography of Environmental Favorability
Authors: Hoogewind Kimberly A. , Chavas Daniel R. , Schenkel Benjamin A. , O’Neill Morgan E 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGlobally, on the order of 100 tropical cyclones (TCs) occur annually, yet the processes that control this number remain unknown. Here we test a simple hypothesis that this number is limited by the geography of thermodynamic environments favorable for TC formation and maintenance. First, climatologies of TC potential intensity and environmental ventilation are created from reanalyses and are used in conjunction with historical TC data to define the spatiotemporal geography of favorable environments. Based on a range of predefined separation distances, the geographic domain of environmental favorability is populated with randomly placed TCs assuming a fixed minimum separation distance to achieve a maximum daily packing density of storms. Inclusion of a fixed storm duration yields an annual “maximum potential genesis” (MPG) rate, which is found to be an order of magnitude larger than the observed rate on Earth. The mean daily packing density captures the seasonal cycle reasonably well for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, though it substantially overestimates TC counts outside of each hemisphere’s active seasons. Interannual variability in MPG is relatively small and is poorly correlated with annual storm count globally and across basins, though modest positive correlations are found in the North Atlantic and east Pacific basins. Overall, the spatiotemporal distribution of favorable environmental conditions appears to strongly modulate the seasonal cycle of TCs, which certainly strongly influences the TC climatology, though it does not explicitly constrain the global annual TC count. Our methodology provides the first estimate of an upper bound for annual TC frequency and outlines a framework for assessing how local and large-scale factors may act to limit global TC count below the maximum potential values found here.
Addressing contemporary challenges in the Unified Code of Ethics for Health Educators
Authors: Headley Sely-Ann Ayiesha , Melendez Krizia 
Published: November 2019

Background: The Unified Code of Ethics (COE) for Health Educators adopted in 1999 was developed in the USA from the 1983 Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) COE and the 1993 American Association for Higher Education (AAHE) COE. While the Unified COE was intended to function as a living document, designed to mature as the needs of the health education professionals changed, it has only been updated once (in 2011) since its adoption in 1999. In addition, despite its commitment to keep up with advances in the field, the current COE does not explicitly address the need for ethical building blocks in health education curricula, or the reinforcement of ethical standards during the certification and recertification of health educators. It also fails to address challenges such as identifying and monitoring unethical practices in online education, and how health outcomes are affected by health literacy, cultural competency and cultural humility among other factors. Consequently, the health education profession requires an updated COE that addresses these gaps. Discussion: An updated COE holds potential to alter the way in which health education ethics are taught and practised. This re-evaluation can contribute to an overall change in health education practice, research and academic training, which can allow health educators to better meet the needs of the diverse communities they serve in an equitable and just manner. This article outlines some of the contemporary challenges health educators face in practice, training and research, and suggests ways in which the updated unified COE can address these challenges, help improve health outcomes and promote health equity.
Foot health educational interventions for patients and healthcare professionals: A scoping review
Authors: Stolt Minna , Gattinger Heidrun , Boström Carina , Suhonen Riitta 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The aim of this scoping review was to examine educational foot health interventions tested with patients and healthcare professionals, with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of foot healthcare by identifying effective educational interventions for foot health. Design: Scoping review. Method: Three electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, CINAHL and Embase) were searched from citations up to 31 March 2019 within the limits of English language at the title and abstract level to identify foot health interventions. In total, 36 full texts found out of 762 citations were included in the review. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were empirical, research-based intervention studies in which educational interventions with foot health content were conducted with a sample of adult patients and/or healthcare professionals, and foot health outcomes were reported. Data were analysed by summarising and categorising the studies and interventions. Critical appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute were used to evaluate the quality of the reviewed studies. Results: The educational foot health interventions reviewed were delivered in multiple forms, most often including a lecture, and were conducted individually or in small groups targeting predominantly patients with diabetes. The main content of the interventions was foot self-care. The interventions had positive outcomes for foot health, foot care knowledge, foot care activities and lower limb functional ability. Conclusion: This review identified many educational foot health interventions focused mainly on patients with diabetes. All these interventions have the potential to promote foot health in patients, and their future use and development is recommended.
Improved Hepatitis C Cure Cascade Outcomes Among Urban Baby Boomers in the Direct-Acting Antiviral Era
Authors: Dupont Sarah C. , Fluker Shelly-Ann , Quairoli Kristi M. , Body Cameron , Okosun Ike , Lom Jennifer , Miller Lesley S. 
Published: November 2019

Objectives: We compared outcomes of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure cascade (ie, the path a patient follows from diagnosis to cure), including antiviral treatment outcomes, from 2 HCV screening programs. Our objective was to assess whether treatment uptake and HCV cure rates improved in the cohort screened after the release of all-oral HCV direct-acting antiviral therapies. Methods: We retrospectively compared outcomes of the HCV cure cascade from a cohort of newly diagnosed patients screened during 2012-2014 (period 1) with outcomes from a cohort of newly diagnosed patients screened during 2015-2016 (period 2) at Grady Health System in Atlanta, Georgia. Cure cascade outcomes included HCV antibody (anti-HCV) and RNA testing, linkage to care, antiviral treatment, and sustained virologic response. Results: During period 1, 412 of 5274 (7.8%) persons screened were anti-HCV positive, and 264 (69.3%) of those tested were RNA positive. During period 2, 462 of 7137 (6.5%) persons screened were anti-HCV positive, and 240 (59.3%) of those tested were RNA positive ( P = .003). The percentage of newly diagnosed patients who were treated during period 2 (64.0%) was 3 times that of newly diagnosed patients treated during period 1 (21.2%; P < .001). Both cohorts had similarly high levels of linkage to care (95.8% during period 1, 95.4% during period 2) and cure (92.6% during period 1, 95.5% during period 2). Conclusions: Over time, the prevalence of anti-HCV and HCV RNA positivity declined substantially, and linkage-to-care and cure rates remained high. Treatment uptake increased significantly after the introduction of all-oral direct-acting antiviral therapy. These findings suggest that combining large-scale screening initiatives with treatment programs can speed progress toward HCV elimination.
Constitutional Interpretation Wholly Unmoored from Constitutional Text: Can the HCA Fix Its Own Mess?
Authors: Allan James 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this article, the author argues that certain types of constitutional interpretation in Australia have become far too unmoored from the written constitutional text and its intended meaning, the reductio ad absurdum of such unmoored general approaches being the recent High Court of Australia case Brown. The author therefore asserts that there is a serious problem with some types of constitutional interpretation in Australia that have evolved to a point where we can observe few if any outside constraints on the outcomes available to top judges. The author finishes, briefly, by considering what can be done about this state of affairs.
Vitamin V: Evaluating the benefits of view quality in hospital patient rooms using a large-scale human factors study
Authors: Nezamdoost Amir , Modarres Nezhad Majedeh 
Published: November 2019

Research has shown that spending too much time indoors and disengagement from outdoor environmental stimuli may have detrimental health effects. These negative effects are even more serious in hospitals, where patients are highly stressed and have to spend most of their time indoors. Studies show that, in these situations, patients prefer to have a window with a desirable view. Although the desire for having a room with a view among hospital patients is well established, not all views are equally desirable. The parameters which make a view “desirable” are not well understood. This paper presents results of a large-scale human factors research study using patients’ qualitative assessments on thousands of “view” photos ( n = 2000), in order to provide a reliable foundation for developing a robust rating system to accurately quantify the desirability quality of views in healthcare settings. The results show that “distant” and “nature-dominant” views were, by far, the most desirable. Additionally, the results showed that while “water features” was also viewed desirable, views of moving cars and industrial settings were viewed most negatively. Moreover, the study revealed that natural views are not “always” more pleasant than urban views, and the positive reaction is mostly the result of aesthetic quality of the view content. Practical application: This study provides empirical confirmation that validates previous studies regarding the association of view content and building occupants’ preference, specifically within healthcare settings. It also provides a reliable foundation for developing a robust rating system to accurately classify and quantify the quality of views in healthcare settings. Furthermore, the findings of this study can be used by designers to better incorporate the needs of healthcare design community and those who aim to consider view in the design stages of new built spaces or retrofit of existing spaces.
Activity and advanced cancer: A grounded theory
Authors: Lowe Sonya S , Milligan Christine , Brearley Sarah G 
Published: November 2019

Background: Cancer-related fatigue and loss of physical functioning are distressing symptoms which negatively impact the quality of life of people with advanced cancer. Physical activity has been shown to have positive effects on these symptoms in early-stage cancer, but previous research demonstrated an incongruence between people with advanced cancer’s expressed interest and actual participation in a physical activity intervention. Aim: To gain an in-depth understanding of the experience of activity and quality of life in people with advanced cancer, using a classic grounded theory approach. Design: Through the post-positivist lens of subtle realism, and informed by classic grounded theory methods, a two-phase, cross-sectional, qualitative study was conducted. For 7 days duration, participants wore an activPAL™ activity monitor and completed a daily record sheet, which were then used as qualitative probes for face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. Setting/participants: A total of 15 people with advanced cancer, aged 18 years or older, and with a median survival of 100 days from time of study consent, were recruited from an outpatient department of a tertiary cancer centre in Alberta, Canada. Findings: Maintaining their responsibilities, no matter how small, was the prime motive for participants’ behaviour. For people with advanced cancer, the minimum level of responsibility was dynamic and unique. It was achieved through a multifaceted interaction between the perceived benefits, prevailing conditions and mechanisms. Conclusion: This grounded theory enables understanding of activity as a mechanism through which responsibility is managed and may inform future behavioural interventions in people with advanced cancer.
Levels of agreement between cardiac magnetic resonance and conductance catheter measurements of right ventricular volumes after pulmonary artery banding
Authors: Gufler Hubert , Wagner Sabine , Niefeldt Sabine , Klopsch Christian , Brill Richard , Wohlgemuth Walter Alexander , Yerebakan Can 
Published: November 2019

Background Pressure-volume analysis is the gold standard for quantifying pump function of the right ventricle (RV); however, volume measurements based on a conductive catheter may be imprecise. The reference method for volume assessment is cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Purpose To determine the levels of agreement between RV volume measurements obtained by cine CMR, phase-contrast CMR (PC CMR), and a conductance catheter in an animal model. Material and Methods CMR was performed in 20 sheep three months after pulmonary artery banding. Ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic (EDV), end-systolic (ESV), and stroke volumes (SV) were obtained by cine CMR and conductance catheter. Results Statistically significant differences between cine CMR and conductance catheter derived volume measurements were found for EDV ( P < 0.001), ESV ( P < 0.05), and SV ( P < 0.05). Bland–Altman analysis showed very poor agreement between the two methods: EDV, bias 36.27 mL, agreement of limits 1.96–70.57 mL; ESV, bias 15.33 mL, agreement of limits –6.89–37.55 mL; and SV, bias 20.69 mL, agreement of limits 8.01–49.10 mL. Good agreement was found for SV between cine CMR and PC CMR (bias –7.0 mL, agreement of limits –24.01–9.98 mL), while SV derived from PC CMR measurements showed poor agreement with conductance catheter (bias 27.76 mL, agreement of limits –3.84–59.26 mL). Conclusion Poor agreement between the conductance catheter and CMR RV volume measurements was found. PC CMR and cine CMR measurements of SV agreed well.
Hippocampal and trigeminal nerve volume predict outcome of surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Danyluk Hayden , Lee Esther Kyungsu , Wong Scott , Sajida Samiha , Broad Robert , Wheatley Matt , Elliott Cameron , Sankar Tejas 
Published: November 2019

Background Many medically-refractory trigeminal neuralgia patients are non-responders to surgical treatment. Few studies have explored how trigeminal nerve characteristics relate to surgical outcome, and none have investigated the relationship between subcortical brain structure and treatment outcomes. Methods We retrospectively studied trigeminal neuralgia patients undergoing surgical treatment with microvascular decompression. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging was used for manual tracing of trigeminal nerves and automated segmentation of hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus. Nerve and subcortical structure volumes were compared between responders and non-responders and assessed for ability to predict postoperative pain outcome. Results In all, 359 trigeminal neuralgia patients treated surgically from 2005–2018 were identified. A total of 34 patients met the inclusion criteria (32 with classic and two with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia). Across all patients, thalamus volume was reduced ipsilateral compared to contralateral to the side of pain. Between responders and non-responders, non-responders exhibited larger contralateral trigeminal nerve volume, and larger ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus volume. Through receiver-operator characteristic curve analyses, contralateral hippocampus volume correctly classified treatment outcome in 82% of cases (91% sensitive, 78% specific, p = 0.008), and contralateral nerve volume correctly classified 81% of cases (91% sensitive, 75% specific, p < 0.001). Binomial logistic regression analysis showed that contralateral hippocampus and contralateral nerve volumes together classified outcome with 84% accuracy (Nagelkerke R2 = 65.1). Conclusion Preoperative hippocampal and trigeminal nerve volume, measured on standard clinical magnetic resonance images, may predict early non-response to surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. Treatment resistance in medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia may depend on the structural features of both the trigeminal nerve and structures involved in limbic components of chronic pain.
Effects of fremanezumab on the use of acute headache medication and associated symptoms of migraine in patients with episodic migraine
Authors: Brandes Jan Lewis , Kudrow David , Yeung Paul P , Sakai Fumihiko , Aycardi Ernesto , Blankenbiller Tricia , Grozinski-Wolff Melissa , Yang Ronghua , Ma Yuju 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundFremanezumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide, has demonstrated efficacy for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of fremanezumab treatment on acute headache medication use and migraine-associated symptoms in patients with episodic migraine.MethodsIn the Phase 3 HALO trial, patients with episodic migraine were randomized to receive subcutaneous fremanezumab monthly (225 mg at baseline, weeks 4 and 8), fremanezumab quarterly (675 mg at baseline, placebo at weeks 4 and 8), or placebo over a 12-week period. The secondary endpoint was change from baseline in the monthly number of days with use of any acute headache mediation or migraine-specific acute headache medication; exploratory endpoints were change from baseline in the monthly number of days with nausea or vomiting, photophobia, or phonophobia.ResultsOf 875 patients randomized, 865 were included in the analysis (monthly, n = 287; quarterly, n = 288; placebo, n = 290). Baseline mean ± standard deviation days with: Any acute headache medication use (monthly: 7.7 ± 3.4; quarterly: 7.8 ± 3.7; placebo: 7.7 ± 3.6), migraine-specific acute headache medication use (6.1 ± 3.1; 6.6 ± 3.1; 7.1 ± 3.0), nausea or vomiting (4.5 ± 3.6; 4.9 ± 3.7; 4.5 ± 3.3) and photophobia and phonophobia (5.5 ± 4.1; 6.3 ± 4.1; 6.0 ± 3.9) were similar among treatment arms. Fremanezumab reduced the number of days of acute headache medication use ([least-squares mean change vs. placebo] monthly: −1.4 [95% confidence interval: −1.84, −0.89], p < 0.001; quarterly: −1.3 [−1.76, −0.82], p < 0.001) and migraine-specific acute headache medication use (monthly: −2.2 [−2.80, −1.56], p < 0.001; quarterly: −2.2 [−2.81, −1.58], p < 0.001) compared with placebo. Fremanezumab also reduced nausea or vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia compared with placebo.ConclusionsFremanezumab reduced the need for acute headache medications, including migraine-specific medications, while treating migraine-associated symptoms in patients with episodic migraine.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT02629861
Peripheral-Track and Central-Track Hill-Sachs Lesions: A New Concept of Assessing an On-Track Lesion
Authors: Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Shinagawa Kiyotsugu , Hatta Taku , Itoi Eiji 
Published: November 2019

Background: It has been demonstrated biomechanically that 25% is a critical size defect of the glenoid. However, a recent clinical study reported that a bone loss between 13.5% and 20% (subcritical bone loss) led to impairment of quality of life but not a recurrence of instability. Purpose: To clarify whether a subcritical bone loss exists in assessing a Hill-Sachs lesion via a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Fifty patients (mean age, 27 years) with <25% glenoid defect who were treated with arthroscopic Bankart repair for recurrent anterior dislocation were assessed at a mean follow-up of 28 months. All had an on-track Hill-Sachs lesion. The Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) and Rowe scores were used for the clinical evaluation. The Hill-Sachs interval was measured on 3-dimensional computed tomography images and divided by the glenoid track width, defined as the Hill-Sachs occupancy (in percentages). The glenoid track was divided into 4 zones based on the percentage of the Hill-Sachs occupancy: zone 1, <25%; zone 2, 25% to <50%; zone 3, 50% to <75%; and zone 4, ≥75%. Results: The recurrence rate was 6% (3 of 50 shoulders). The Rowe score significantly improved from 45.2 ± 4.7 (mean ± SD) preoperatively to 92.3 ± 6.5 at the final follow-up ( P < .05). The WOSI score also significantly increased from 46.6% ± 19.3% preoperatively to 72.3% ± 21.0% at the final follow-up ( P < .001). The WOSI score of patients in zone 4 (peripheral-track lesion) (n = 10) was significantly lower than those in the other zones (central-track lesion) ( P = .0379). Of the 10 patients with the peripheral-track lesion, 5 had a <40% WOSI score, similar to the preoperative WOSI score (46.6%). Conclusion: Patients with on-track lesions can be divided into 2 subgroups: those with the Hill-Sachs occupancy ≥75% (peripheral-track lesion) showed significantly worse WOSI score without recurrent instability events than those with the Hill-Sacks occupancy <75% (central-track lesion).
Music Then and Now: Using Technology to Build a Lyric Animation Module
Authors: Geerling Wayne , Mateer G. Dirk , O’Roark Brian 
Published: November 2019

This article describes a student group project (Music for Econ) which synthesizes music with economics and is a great way to connect with your audience. We trace the journey of Music for Econ from its inception as a Pop-Up video in the early 2000s through to the creation of a Music for Econ library on Critical Commons. Music for Econ is a pedagogical device which can be used to demonstrate the everyday application of economics and help unlock student creativity. Consequently, we provide the instructor with a do it yourself (DIY) manual, which shows them how to set up the project, customize it depending on the size of their class, and how to avoid common pitfalls. We also include an end of project survey template for reference and future use in an appendix. More broadly, Music for Econ is simply fun to watch if you like music and enjoy leaning about economics. JEL Classifications: A20, A21, A22