bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Korean physicians’ perceptions regarding disclosure of patient safety incidents: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Pyo Jeehee , Choi Eun Young , Lee Won , Jang Seung Gyeong , Park Young-Kwon , Ock Minsu , Lee Sang-Il 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Physicians are in the most critical position vis-à-vis disclosure of patient safety incidents (DPSI), and improper perceptions of DPSI among them could be a major barrier to proper execution of DPSI in clinical practice. The present study investigated physicians’ perceptions regarding the need for, effects of, and barriers to DPSI. Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate physicians’ perception regarding DPSI, in particular of when DPSI was needed in various situations and of methods for facilitating DPSI. Physicians’ perceptions were then compared to the general public’s perceptions regarding DPSI identified in a previous study, and a chi-squared test was performed to check for statistically significant differences. Results: A total of 910 physicians participated. Most participants (94.9%) agreed that any serious medical error should be disclosed to patients and their caregivers, whereas only 39.8% agreed that even near-miss errors, which did not cause harm to patients, should be disclosed. Among the six known effects of DPSI presented, participating physicians showed the highest level of agreement (89.6%) that “DPSI will lead physicians to pay more attention to patient safety in the future.” Among six barriers to DPSI, participants showed the most agreement (75.9%) that “It is unreasonable to demand DPSI in only the medical field, and disclosure is not actively conducted in other fields.” With respect to methods for facilitating DPSI, participants agreed that “A guideline for DPSI is needed” (91.2%) and “Manpower to support DPSI in hospitals is required” (89.1%). Meanwhile, 79.3% agreed that “If an apology law is enacted, physicians will perform more DPSI” and 72.4% that “I support the introduction of an apology law.” Conclusions: Korean physicians generally have a positive perception of DPSI, but less than the general public. The items used here allow comprehensive examination of physicians’ perceptions regarding DPSI across countries.
Motives of contributing personal data for health research:(Non-)participation in a Dutch biobank
Authors: Broekstra Reinder , Maeckelberghe Els , Aris-Meijer Judith , Stolk Ronald , Otten Sabine 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Large-scale, centralized data repositories are playing a critical and unprecedented role in fostering innovative health research, leading to new opportunities as well as dilemmas for the medical sciences. Uncovering the reasons as to why citizens do or do not contribute to such repositories, for example, to population-based biobanks, is therefore crucial. We investigated and compared the views of existing participants and non-participants on contributing to large-scale, centralized health research data repositories with those of ex-participants regarding the decision to end their participation. This comparison could yield new insights into motives of participation and non-participation, in particular the behavioural change of withdrawal. Methods: We conducted 36 in-depth interviews with ex-participants, participants, and non-participants of a three-generation, population-based biobank in the Netherlands. The interviews focused on the respondents’ decision-making processes relating to their participation in a large-scale, centralized repository for health research data. Results: The decision of participants and non-participants to contribute to the biobank was motivated by a desire to help others. Whereas participants perceived only benefits relating to their participation and were unconcerned about potential risks, non­-participants and ex-participants raised concerns about the threat of large-scale, centralized public data repositories and public institutes, such as social exclusion or commercialization. Our analysis of ex-participants’ perceptions suggests that intrapersonal characteristics, such as levels of trust in society and public goods, participation conceived as a social norm, and basic societal values account for differences between participants and non-participants. Conclusions: Our findings indicate the fluidity of motives centring on helping others in decisions to participate in large-scale, centralized health research data repositories. Efforts to improve participation should focus on enhancing the trustworthiness of such data repositories and developing layered strategies for communication with participants and with the public. Accordingly, personalized approaches for recruiting participants and transmitting information along with appropriate regulatory frameworks are required, which have important implications for current data management and informed consent procedures.
Endowments or Returns to Endowments or Both? Deciphering Disparities in Childhood Stunting in Bihar, India
Authors: Ghosh Saswata , Sharma Santosh Kumar , Bhattacharya Debarshi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Unacceptably high rate of childhood stunting for decades remained a puzzle in the Indian state of Bihar, located in the eastern part of the country. Despite various programmatic interventions, nearly half of the under-five children (numerically about 10 million) are still stunted in this resource-constrained state. Data and Methods Using four successive rounds of National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data spread over more than two decades and employing quantile regressions and counterfactual decomposition (QR-CD), the present study aims to assess effects of various endowments as well as returns to those endowments in disparities in childhood stunting over the period. Results The results show that although child’s height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) disparity was largely accounted for differing levels of endowments during earlier decade, in the later periods, inadequate access to the benefits from various development programmes was also found responsible for HAZ disparities. Moreover, effects of endowments and their returns vary across quantiles. We argue that apart from equalizing endowments, ensuring adequate access to different nutrition-centric programmes are essential to lessen the burden of childhood stunting. Conclusion The state must focus on intersectoral convergence of different schemes in the form of state nutrition mission, and, strengthen nutrition-centric policy processes and their political underpinnings to harness better dividend.
Comprehensive analysis of polygalacturonase family highlights candidate genes related to pollen development and male fertility in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Ye Jiali , Yang Xuetong , Yang Zhiquan , Li Wei , Liu Qi , Niu Fuqiang , Chen Yanru , Zhang Lingli , Song Xiyue 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Polygalacturonase (PG) belongs to a large family of hydrolases with important functions in cell separation during plant growth and development via the degradation of pectin. The specific expression of PG genes in anthers may be significant for male sterility research and hybrid wheat breeding, but it has not been characterized in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Results: We systematically studied the PG gene family using the latest published wheat reference genomic information. In total, 113 wheat PG genes were identified and renamed as TaPG01–113 based on their chromosomal positions. The PG genes are unequally distributed on 21 chromosomes and classified according to six categories from A–F. Analysis of the gene structures and conserved motifs demonstrated that the Class C and D TaPGs have relatively short gene sequences and a small number of introns. Class E TaPGs are the least conserved and lack conserved domain III. Polyploidy and segmental duplications in wheat were mainly responsible for the expansion of the wheat PG gene family. Predictions of cis-elements indicate that TaPGs have a wide range of functions, including the responses to light, hypothermia, anaerobic conditions, and hormonal stimulation, as well as being involved in meristematic tissue expression. RNA-seq showed that TaPGs have specific temporal and spatial expression characteristics. Twelve spike-specific TaPGs were screened using RNA-seq data and verified by qRT-PCR in the sterile and fertile anthers of thermo-sensitive male-sterile wheat. Four important candidate genes were identified as involved in the male fertility determination process. In fertile anthers, TaPG09 may be involved in the separation of pollen. TaPG87 and TaPG95 could play important roles in anther dehiscence. TaPG93 may be related to pollen development and pollen tube elongation. Conclusions: We analyzed the wheat PG gene family and identified four important TaPGs with differential expression levels in the wheat fertility conversion process. Our findings may facilitate functional investigations of the wheat PG gene family and provide new insights into the fertility conversion mechanism in male-sterile wheat.
The association of dry eye syndrome and psychiatric disorders: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Liang Chiao-Ying , Cheang Wai-Man , Wang Chun-Yuan , Lin Keng-Hung , Wei Li-Chen , Chen Yu-Yen , Shen Ying-Cheng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Several previous studies reported a greater prevalence of dry eye syndrome (DES) among patients with psychiatric diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of DES in patients with psychiatric disorders (PD) using nationwide population-based data in Taiwan.
Methods
This population-based cohort study retrospectively identified patients with PD from 1997 to 2011. Patients with both PD and DES served as the DES cohort, and PD patients without DES comprised the non-DES cohort. PD was defined as a diagnosis of PD (ICD-9-CM 290-319) made by psychiatrists only, with at least three consecutive outpatient visits or at least one inpatient visit. DES was defined as a diagnosis of DES (ICD-9-CM 375.15) and a prescription for an eye lubricant (anatomical therapeutic chemical code, ATC code: S01XA). The main outcome measures were the prevalence of DES in these patients and associated risk factors.
Results
A total of 75,650 patients with PD (3,665 in the DES cohort and 71,985 in the non-DES cohort) were included in the final analysis. The majority of patients in the DES group were women (72.6%), compared the non-DES group (57.8%). The mean age of patients in the DES cohort was 62.2 ± 14.9, which was significantly older than those in the non-DES group (50.9 ± 17.5). The patients with DES had a significantly greater likelihood of having dementia, bipolar disorder, depression, and neurotic disorders. Conditional regression analyses revealed that patients with dry eye disease were more likely to have schizophrenia (OR = 1.34), bipolar disorder (OR = 1.9), depression (OR = 1.54), and neurotic disorders (OR = 1.62). In addition, patients with DES were more likely to use 1st generation anti-psychotics (OR=1.28) and had a lower risk of using 2nd generation anti-psychotics (OR=0.64)
Conclusion
The study demonstrated that among PD patients, DES is highly prevalence in certain subtypes of PD, such as depression, bipolar disorder, and neurotic disorders, after adjusting for the comorbidities.
The PICO Study: Impact of Phenylalanine on Cognitive, Cerebral and Neurometabolic Parameters in Adult Patients with Phenylketonuria: a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover, Non-inferiority Trial
Authors: Trepp Roman , Muri Raphaela , Abgottspon Stephanie , Bosanska Lenka , Hochuli Michel , Slotboom Johannes , Kreis Roland , Rummel Christian , Everts Regula 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The population of adult patients with early-treated phenylketonuria (PKU) following newborn screening is growing substantially. The ideal target range of blood Phenylalanine (Phe) levels in adults outside pregnancy is a matter of debate. Therefore, prospective intervention studies are needed to evaluate the effects of an elevated Phe concentration on cognition and structural, functional and neurometabolic parameters of the brain.

Methods
The PICO (Phenylalanine and Its Impact on Cognition) Study evaluates the effect of a 4-week Phe load on cognition and cerebral parameters in adults with early-treated PKU in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, non-inferiority trial.

Participants: 30 adult patients with early-treated PKU and 30 healthy controls comparable to patients with regard to age, sex and educational level will be recruited from the University Hospitals Bern and Zurich, Switzerland. Patients are eligible for the study if they are age ≥18 years and have PKU diagnosed after a positive newborn screening and treated with a Phe-restricted diet starting within the first 30 days of life.

Intervention: The cross-over intervention consists of a 4-week oral Phe or placebo administration in patients with PKU. The study design mimics a Phe-restricted and a Phe-unrestricted diet using a double-blinded, placebo-controlled approach.

Objectives: The primary objective of the PICO Study is to prospectively assess whether a temporarily elevated Phe-level influences cognitive performance (working memory assessed with a n-back task) in adults with early-treated PKU. As secondary objective, the PICO Study will elucidate cerebral (fMRI: neural activation during a n-back task; rsfMRI: functional connectivity at rest; DTI: white matter integrity; ASL: cerebral blood flow) and neurometabolic mechanisms (cerebral Phe-level), which accompany changes in Phe concentration. Cognition, structural and functional parameters of the brain of adult patients with early-treated PKU will be cross-sectionally compared to healthy controls. All assessments will take place at the University Hospital Bern, Switzerland.

Randomization: Central randomization will be used to assign participants to the different treatment arms with age, sex and center serving as stratification factors. Randomization lists will be generated by an independent statistician.

Blinding: All trial personnel but the statistician generating the randomization list and the personnel at the facility preparing the interventional product are blinded to the assigned treatment.
On‐Farm Research: Experimental Approaches, Analytical Frameworks, Case Studies, and Impact
Authors: Kyveryga Peter M. 
Published: December 2019

On‐farm research is becoming widespread due to a growing interest among farmers, agronomists and the research community. While the concept of on‐farm research is not new, the scale and influence of on‐farm studies conducted by farmers in partnership with industry and university researchers are expanding. New technologies, tools, and analytical approaches are rapidly evolving to advance the reach and impact of on‐farm research. Papers in this special issue include the use of on‐farm testing to increase economic and environmental sustainability in Africa and South America, the development of a new analytical collaborative frameworks for better summarization, visualization and communication of research results, and a new analytical approaches based on Bayesian hierarchical and multivariate analyses that can be used to assess complex relationships between management, genetics, soils, and the environment. Simulation approaches were also tested to identify the most efficient experimental designs and estimation methods of statistical parameters. In all situations, on‐farm research leads to improved productivity, better economics, higher adoption of conservation practice and greater farmer satisfaction.Core Ideas

Precision agriculture technology adoption benefits on‐farm research expansion.
New analytical and visual frameworks aid in farmer decision making.
On‐farm research reduces barriers to adoption of new management techniques.
On‐farm research increases farmer interest and motivation.
Enigmatic diamonds from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka
Authors: Galimov Erik M. , Kaminsky Felix V. , Shilobreeva Svetlana N. , Sevastyanov Vyacheslav S. , Voropaev Sergei A. , Khachatryan Galina K. , Wirth Richard , Schreiber Anja , Saraykin Vladimir V. , Karpov Gennady A. , Anikin Leonid P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Approximately 700 diamond crystals were identified in volcanic (mainly pyroclastic) rocks of the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. They were studied with the use of SIMS, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and utilization of electron energy loss spectroscopy and electron diffraction. Diamonds have cube-octahedral shape and extremely homogeneous internal structure. Two groups of impurity elements are distinguished by their distribution within the diamond. First group, N and H, the most common structural impurities in diamond, are distributed homogeneously. All other elements observed (Cl, F, O, S, Si, Al, Ca, and K) form local concentrations, implying the existence of inclusions, causing high concentrations of these elements. Most elements have concentrations 3–4 orders of magnitude less than chondritic values. Besides N and H, Si, F, Cl, and Na are relatively enriched because they are concentrated in micro- and nanoinclusions in diamond. Mineral inclusions in the studied diamonds are 70–450 nm in size, round- or oval-shaped. They are represented by two mineral groups: Mn-Ni alloys and silicides, with a wide range of concentrations for each group. Alloys vary in stoichiometry from MnNi to Mn2Ni, with a minor admixture of Si from 0 to 5.20–5.60 at%. Silicides, usually coexisting with alloys, vary in composition from (Mn,Ni)4Si to (Mn,Ni)5Si2 and Mn5Si2, and further to MnSi, forming pure Mn-silicides. Mineral inclusions have nanometer-sized bubbles that contain a fluid or a gas phase (F and O). Carbon isotopic compositions in diamonds vary from –21 to –29‰ δ13CVPDB (avg. = –25.4). Nitrogen isotopic compositions in diamond from Tolbachik volcano are from –2.32 to –2.58‰ δ15NAir. Geological, geochemical, and mineralogical data confirm the natural origin of studied Tolbachik diamonds from volcanic gases during the explosive stage of the eruption.
XANES spectroscopy of sulfides stable under reducing conditions
Authors: Anzures Brendan A. , Parman Stephen W. , Milliken Ralph E. , Lanzirotti Antonio , Newville Matthew 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy is a powerful technique to quantitatively investigate sulfur speciation in geologically complex materials such as minerals, glasses, soils, organic compounds, industrial slags, and extraterrestrial materials. This technique allows non-destructive investigation of the coordination chemistry and oxidation state of sulfur species ranging from sulfide (2–oxidation state) to sulfate (6+ oxidation state). Each sulfur species has a unique spectral shape with a characteristic K-edge representing the s → p and d hybridization photoelectron transitions. As such, sulfur speciation is used to measure the oxidation state of samples by comparing the overall XANES spectra to that of reference compounds. Although many S XANES spectral standards exist for terrestrial applications under oxidized conditions, new sulfide standards are needed to investigate reduced (oxygen fugacity, fO2, below IW) silicate systems relevant for studies of extraterrestrial materials and systems. Sulfides found in certain meteorites (e.g., enstatite chondrites and aubrites) and predicted to exist on Mercury, such as CaS (oldhamite), MgS (niningerite), and FeCr2S4 (daubréelite), are stable at fO2 below IW-3 but rapidly oxidize to sulfate and/or produce sulfurous gases under terrestrial surface conditions. XANES spectra of these compounds collected to date have been of variable quality, possibly due to the unstable nature of certain sulfides under typical (e.g., oxidizing) laboratory conditions. A new set of compounds was prepared for this study and their XANES spectra are analyzed for comparison with potential extraterrestrial analogs. S K-edge XANES spectra were collected at Argonne National Lab for FeS (troilite), MnS (alabandite), CaS (oldhamite), MgS (niningerite), Ni1–xS, NiS2, CaSO4 (anhydrite), MgSO4, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, FeCr2S4 (daubréelite), Na2S, Al2S3, Ni7S6, and Ni3S2; the latter five were analyzed for the first time using XANES. These standards expand upon the existing S XANES end-member libraries at a higher spectral resolution (0.25 eV steps) near the S K-edge. Processed spectra, those that have been normalized and “flattened,” are compared to quantify uncertainties due to data processing methods. Future investigations that require well-characterized sulfide standards, such as the ones presented here, may have important implications for understanding sulfur speciation in reduced silicate glasses and minerals with applications for the early Earth, Moon, Mercury, and enstatite chondrites.
Mg diffusion in forsterite from 1250–1600 °C
Authors: Jollands Michael C. , Zhukova Irina , O'Neill Hugh St.C. , Hermann Jörg 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
26Mg tracer diffusion coefficients were determined in single crystals of pure synthetic forsterite (Mg2SiO4). Isotopically enriched powder sources both acted as the 26Mg source and buffered the activities of silica (aSiO2) at forsterite + protoenstatite (Mg2Si2O6) (high aSiO2) and forsterite + periclase (MgO) (low aSiO2). Experiments were conducted at atmospheric pressure between 1250 and 1600 °C, and at oxygen fugacities (fO2s) between 10–12 bars (CO-CO2 mix) and 10–0.7 bars (air). The resulting diffusion profiles were measured along the three principal crystallographic axes (a, b, and c; ||[100], ||[010], ||[001]) using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. These measurements were corroborated by ion microprobe using the sensitive high resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) instrument.
Mg tracer diffusion is anisotropic, with D[001] &gt; D[010] &gt; D[100], the difference in diffusion coefficients varying by about one order of magnitude at a given temperature with crystallographic orientation. Diffusion is faster in protoenstatite-buffered than periclase-buffered conditions, again with around one order of magnitude difference in diffusivity between buffering conditions. There is no apparent effect of fO2 on diffusion. A global fit to all data, including data from Chakraborty et al. (1994) and Morioka (1981) yields the relationship:
log 10 D = log 10 D 0 ( m 2 s - 1 ) + 0 . 61 ( ± 0 . 03 ) log 10 a SiO 2 + - 359 ( ± 10 ) kJ / mol 2 . 303 R T
where log10D0 is –3.15 (±0.08), –3.61 (±0.02), and –4.01 (± 0.05) m2 s–1 for the [001], [010], and [100] directions, respectively (1 s.d.). The LA-ICP-MS technique reproduces diffusion coefficients determined by SHRIMP-RG, albeit with slightly different absolute values of isotope ratios. This shows that LA-ICPMS, which is both accessible and rapid, is a robust analytical method for such tracer diffusion studies.