bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intervention in an Opioid Overdose Event Increases Interest in Treatment among Individuals with Opioid use Disorder
Authors: Jones Jermaine D. , Campbell Aimee N. , Brandt Laura , Castillo Felipe , Abbott Rebecca , Comer Sandra D. 
Published: August 2020

Background This study sought to explore whether intervening in suspected cases of opioid overdose alters interest in treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Data were collected as a part of a trial comparing the effects of different overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) training curricula on overdose outcomes. Methods Following OEND training, participants completed four in-person follow-up visits at 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-months. Participants were also regularly contacted to inquire about overdose events they responded to, witnessed, or experienced themselves. Other assessments included the Addiction Severity Index that queries participants’ perceived importance of drug treatment on a scale of: 0 (Not at All) to 4 (Extremely). For the current secondary data analysis, treatment importance was assessed at the time points most immediately preceding and following participant intervention in an overdose event using naloxone. Results The sample reported a mean duration of opioid use of 14.9 (± 11.5) years, with 67% having witnessed an overdose event prior to the study. Of the 321 enrolled, 92 participants used naloxone in response to 166 suspected cases of an opioid overdose. For the entire sample, mean treatment importance did not significantly change throughout the study. Among participants who utilized naloxone, treatment importance increased following the event (Before: 3.03, After: 3.39, p = 0.02). Due to the amount of time between the overdose event and assessment of post-event treatment importance (40.5 days, ±40.2), the current study most likely underestimates this effect. Conclusions The current study suggests that responding to an overdose event increases interest in OUD treatment. Currently only considered an acute intervention to reduce overdose morbidity and mortality, OEND may have the potential to increase enrollment in medications to treat OUD. However, a prospective investigation needs to determine if the impact of an overdose event could be utilized to increase treatment engagement.
A three‐sample study of perfectionism and field test performance in athletes
Authors: Mallinson‐Howard Sarah H. , Madigan Daniel J. , Jowett Gareth E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractField tests are commonly used by sport scientists for performance monitoring and evaluation. While perfectionism predicts performance in a range of contexts, it is currently unclear whether perfectionism predicts performance in such tests. To address this lack of understanding, the present study examined the relationships between perfectionism and fitness‐based field test performance across three athlete samples. After completing a measure of perfectionism (striving for perfection and negative reactions to imperfection), sample one (n = 129 student athletes) participated in a series of countermovement jumps and 20‐metre sprint trials, sample two (n = 136 student athletes) participated in an agility task, and sample three (n = 116 junior athletes) participated in the Yo‐Yo intermittent recovery test (level one). Striving for perfection predicted better sprint and Yo‐Yo test performance. Negative reactions to imperfection predicted worse sprint performance. Mini meta‐analyses of the combined data (N = 381) showed that striving for perfection was positively related to performance (r+ = .24), but negative reactions to imperfection was unrelated to performance (r+ = –.05). The present findings indicate that striving for perfection may predict better fitness‐based field test performance, while negative reactions to imperfection appears to be ambiguous.
A combined “eat me/don't eat me” strategy based on extracellular vesicles for anticancer nanomedicine
Authors: Belhadj Zakia , He Bing , Deng Hailiang , Song Siyang , Zhang Hua , Wang Xueqing , Dai Wenbing , Zhang Qiang 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTA long‐term and huge challenge in nanomedicine is the substantial uptake and rapid clearance mediated by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), which enormously hinders the development of nanodrugs. Inspired by the natural merits of extracellular vesicles, we therefore developed a combined “eat me/don't eat me” strategy in an effort to achieve MPS escape and efficient drug delivery. Methodologically, cationized mannan‐modified extracellular vesicles derived from DC2.4 cells were administered to saturate the MPS (eat me strategy). Then, nanocarriers fused to CD47‐enriched exosomes originated from human serum were administered to evade phagocytosis by MPS (don't eat me strategy). The nanocarriers were also loaded with antitumor drugs and functionalized with a novel homing peptide to promote the tumour tissue accumulation and cancer cell uptake (eat me strategy). The concept was proven in vitro as evidenced by the reduced endocytosis of macrophages and enhanced uptake by tumour cells, whereas prolonged circulation time and increased tumour accumulation were demonstrated in vivo. Specially, the strategy induced a 123.53% increase in tumour distribution compared to conventional nanocarrier. The study both shed light on the challenge overcoming of phagocytic evasion and provided a strategy for significantly improving therapeutic outcomes, potentially permitting active drug delivery via targeted nanomedicines.
Electrophysiological findings in specific language impairment
Authors: Barman Animesh , Prabhu Prashanth , Mekhala V. G. , Vijayan Kavya , Narayanan Swapna 
Published: August 2020

Objective
Specific language impairment (SLI) is a developmental disorder when a child has difficulty in producing or understanding spoken language for no apparent reason. The study attempts to carry out an in-depth review of electrphysiological findings in individuals with SLI.

Study design
Review of literature was carried out to review and critical analyse the electrophysiological findings in individuals with SLI.

Results
The results of the review showed contradicting results in this population. Some studies have reported a statistically significant difference in morphology, latency and amplitude of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) between the children with SLI and the control group. This suggests that children with SLI may have auditory processing problems at the level of brainstem, sub-cortical and cortical areas. While few other studies showed no abnormalities in auditory processing in children with SLI, with intact waveform morphology, latency and amplitude of AEPs.

Conclusion
AEPs were observed to be more variable lacking uniformity because of the heterogeneous nature of SLI. However, further studies need to be conducted to evaluate the auditory processing abilities using auditory evoked potentials in children with SLI.
Using social semiotics and variation theory to analyse learning challenges in physics: a methodological case study
Authors: Eriksson Moa , Eriksson Urban , Linder Cedric 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to create a way of extending the utility of using variation theory of learning (VTL) as an analytic tool for exploring student learning in interactive environments for highly complex disciplines such as physics that aims at obtaining additional insights and understanding of students’ learning challenges in physics drawing on a phenomenography perspective. To do this we propose an analytical combination of two perspectives—social semiotics and the VTL—using theoretical constructs from both. Here, in keeping with the phenomenographic perspective that underlies VTL, learning is taken to mean coming to experience things in distinctly new ways. As a case study, students were video recorded during a group problem-solving session while working on circular motion tutorial problems. Through the combined analytic approach, we were able to identify the students’ relevance structure as enacted as a function of what was in focal awareness and what dimensions of variation that were presented. A social semiotic multimodal transcription is used to illustrate the proposed methodology, which is made up of the semiotic systems that the students chose to use to build their discursive engagement on. As a methodology paper, and because such discussion already exists in the literature, how this kind of analytic combination can provide additional teaching insights and how these insights could be used to enhance teachers’ understanding of their students’ learning are not presented in this paper.
Study of turbulence-induced refraction of lower hybrid waves using synthetic scrape-off layer filaments
Authors: Biswas Bodhi , Gyou Baek Seung , Bonoli Paul , Shiraiwa Syun’ichi , Wallace Gregory , White Anne 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Turbulence-induced refraction effects to lower hybrid (LH) wave propagation and current drive are studied using synthetic scrape-off layer (SOL) blob/filament fields. A synthetic 3D, field-following, blob turbulence model is implemented in the ray-tracing/Fokker-Planck (RTFP) codes GENRAY/CQL3D. In Alcator C-Mod, the blob field is shown to significantly affect LH ray-trajectories, leading to increased on-axis damping and smoother current profiles. This effect depends on the average blob size and amplitude. In addition, the diffusion of ray-trajectories in phase-space caused by turbulence increases the robustness of the RTFP model. A modified

N

|

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launch spectrum, acting as a proxy for parametric decay instability (PDI) effects, is included in simulations with the blob model. A synergy between the modified launch spectrum and turbulence-induced refraction results in synthetic hard x-ray profiles that agree with experiment. Lastly, the blob model is used to predict the effect of SOL turbulence on DIII-D high-field side (HFS) LH launch. Assuming low turbulence amplitude in the HFS SOL (∼5%), turbulence-induced refraction is predicted to have little effect on current drive efficiency.
Transient non-classical transport in the hollow cathode plume I: measurements of time-varying electron collision frequency
Authors: Georgin Marcel P , Jorns Benjamin A , Gallimore Alec D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Electrostatic probes are employed to measure the time-variations in electron collision frequency due to a large-scale, low-frequency, plasma instability in a high-current hollow cathode plasma discharge (plume mode oscillation). Time-resolved measurements of ion acoustic turbulence are used to infer the effective collision frequency on the timescale of this underlying wave. Through a direct comparison, it is shown that the observed variation in the electron collision frequency cannot be described by classical collisional processes, i.e. Coulomb and neutral collisions, but rather is well represented by the changes in the anomalous collision frequency due to the turbulence.
Effect of pressure sensitivity on spherical indentation response of shape memory alloys
Authors: Anuja J , Venkitachalam Narayan , Narasimhan R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Instrumented indentation has proved to be an invaluable tool to determine the small volume mechanical behaviour of shape memory alloys (SMAs). Multi-axial experiments show that SMAs can exhibit pressure sensitive martensite phase transformation, which manifests in terms of tension-compression asymmetry of the associated stress and strain. Since high magnitude of pressure can prevail during indentation, the spherical indentation response of SMAs is investigated in this work by using a constitutive model that captures the above behaviour. Finite element (FE) simulations are first performed at two temperatures (close to A

s
and above A

f
) and corresponding to different values of pressure sensitivity parameter γ
1 for a Ni-Ti SMA. It is found that the indentation load and mean contact pressure enhance at a given depth, while the residual depth at complete unloading (for temperature below A

f
) reduces with increase in γ
1. Further, the transformation zone size at a fixed load drops dramatically with increase in pressure sensitivity index. An expanding cavity model (ECM) is also developed to predict the mean contact pressure for a pressure sensitive SMA and validated against FE simulations as well as available experimental data.
Equivalent Mechanical Model for Conducting Polypyrrole Actuator
Authors: Chen Jinyou , Tian Sukun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Conducting polypyrrole actuators are widely used in sensors and bionic robots because of their high conductivity, flexibility and biocompatibility. Based on the theory of cantilever beam, the equivalent mechanical model of conducting polypyrrole actuator is built, and the bending characteristics of different length actuators under different voltage are studied by using the bending characteristics test system of polypyrrole actuator, and the functional relationship between voltage and bending displacement. By lifting the weight with the actuator, it is verified that the free end of the actuator can withstand the force.
Localization of a leading robotic fish using a pressure sensor array on its following vehicle
Authors: Yen Wei-Kuo , Huang Chen-Fen , Chang Hong-Ruei , Guo Jenhwa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The tail-flapping propulsion of a robotic fish forms a hydrodynamic pressure field that depends primarily on the flapping frequency and amplitude. In a two-robot aligned group, the tail of the front robot generates an oscillating pressure that is detectable by its follower. This paper proposes a position estimator for the follower to locate the position of the leading robotic fish. The position estimator uses the hydrodynamic pressure measured on a sensor array installed on the forefront of the following vehicle body. We derive a potential flow model to describe the pressure field of the leader in the presence of the follower. Using this pressure field model, we further derive an observability measure which is used to determine the relative positions of the leader and follower for which the position estimator will produce a reliable estimate. The position estimator employs the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, due to the nonlinearity of the pressure model. Results from the observability analysis show that a satisfactory estimation of the leader position is achieved when the leader is located directly ahead, on the starboard-bow, or the port-bow of the follower, similar to the formation pattern generally found in a school of fish. The observability analysis also shows that poor estimation is obtained when the leader is abeam of the follower. Tank experiments confirm the observability analysis and also demonstrate the use of the position estimator for feedback control by the follower.
Continental-scale patterns of extracellular enzyme activity in the subsoil: an overlooked reservoir of microbial activity
Authors: Dove Nicholas C , Arogyaswamy Keshav , Billings Sharon A , Botthoff Jon K , Carey Chelsea J , Cisco Caitlin , DeForest Jared L , Fairbanks Dawson , Fierer Noah , Gallery Rachel E , Kaye Jason P , Lohse Kathleen A , Maltz Mia R , Mayorga Emilio , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Yang Wendy H , Hart Stephen C , Aronson Emma L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Chemical stabilization of microbial-derived products such as extracellular enzymes (EE) onto mineral surfaces has gained attention as a possibly important mechanism leading to the persistence of soil organic carbon (SOC). While the controls on EE activities and their stabilization in the surface soil are reasonably well-understood, how these activities change with soil depth and possibly diverge from those at the soil surface due to distinct physical, chemical, and biotic conditions remains unclear. We assessed EE activity to a depth of 1 m (10 cm increments) in 19 soil profiles across the Critical Zone Observatory Network, which represents a wide range of climates, soil orders, and vegetation types. For all EEs, activities per mass of soil correlated positively with microbial biomass (MB) and SOC, and all three of these variables decreased logarithmically with depth (p < 0.05). Across all sites, over half of the potential EE activities per mass soil consistently occurred below 20 cm for all measured EEs. Activities per unit MB or SOC were substantially higher at depth (soils below 20 cm accounted for 80% of whole-profile EE activity), suggesting an accumulation of stabilized (i.e. mineral sorbed) EEs in subsoil horizons. The pronounced enzyme stabilization in subsurface horizons was corroborated by mixed-effects models that showed a significant, positive relationship between clay concentration and MB-normalized EE activities in the subsoil. Furthermore, the negative relationships between soil C, N, and P and C-, N-, and P-acquiring EEs found in the surface soil decoupled below 20 cm, which could have also been caused by EE stabilization. This finding suggests that EEs may not reflect soil nutrient availabilities deeper in the soil profile. Taken together, our results suggest that deeper soil horizons hold a significant reservoir of EEs, and that the controls of subsoil EEs differ from their surface soil counterparts.
Gaussian polymer chains in a harmonic potential: the path integral approach
Authors: Paradezhenko G V , Gascoigne C , Brilliantov N V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We study conformations of the Gaussian polymer chains in d-dimensional space in the presence of an external field with the harmonic potential. We apply a path integral approach to derive an explicit expression for the probability distribution function of the gyration radius. We calculate this function using Monte Carlo simulations and show that our numerical and theoretical results are in a good agreement for different values of the external field.
DFT investigation of electronic and elastic properties of α -CdP2
Authors: Rajpurohit S , Kabra K , Sharma G 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe energy bands, density of states, charge density, Mulliken population, equation of state and elastic properties ofα-CdP2have been studied. Exchange correlation functional PBEsol is utilized in this study. The optimized equilibrium lattice parameters of the conventional cell have been obtained. The present investigation indicates the existence of an indirect band gap of 1.76 eV inα-CdP2crystal. Elastic calculations show the mechanical stability of the alpha phase of CdP2crystal. This work provides an analysis of directional Young’s modulus and linear compressibility forα-CdP2. The study of the elastic anisotropy parameters shows that the alpha phase has a definite elastic anisotropy. The calculated Debye temperature ofα-CdP2is 288.1 K.
Production of ultrafine-grained spherical β-WC-W2C-Co microparticles by electro discharge erosion of WC-15Co alloy in glycerol and their solutions
Authors: Dvornik Maksim , Mikhailenko Elena , Nikolenko Sergey , Vlasova Nuria , Skiruta Andrey 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present work is devoted to the study of the production of ultrafine-grained (UFG) spherical microparticles by electro discharge erosion (EDE) of the WC-15Co cemented carbide in glycerol, distilled water, and their solutions. Energy costs, productivity, particle size distribution, and morphological and chemical compositions of the obtained powders were studied. It was found that energy cost is reduced by 2.2 times when glycerol was used instead of water. The use of water reduces carbon content from 5.2% to 1.4%. The use of glycerol and its aqueous solutions reduces carbon loss and increases its content in the obtained powders from 3.2% to 6.1%. During SE, cobalt, carbon, and tungsten evaporate from spherical particles and crystallize in the form of ultrafine particles, which subsequently remain in suspension after sedimentation of spherical particles. Mass fractions of sedimented spherical particle fractions ranged from 75% to 82%. Cobalt and carbon content in the spherical particles obtained in glycerol decrease from 15% to 10% and from 5.2% t to 3.1% respectively. The particles consist of rounded carbide grains (β-WC and W2C) with a diameter of up to 500 nm, the space between which is filled with cobalt. Microhardness of the particles increased from 12.1 GPa (initial alloy) to 15.6 (EDE in water)—23.7 GPa (EDE in glycerol).
Recent advances in metal organic frameworks and their composites for batteries
Authors: Xu Yuxia , Li Qing , Pang Huan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In recent years, new types of rechargeable and discharge batteries (including lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, lithium oxygen batteries, etc.) have been favored by researchers for their excellent theoretical capacity, low cost and broad development prospects. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered to be promising porous materials in the field of batteries due to their high specific surface area, abundant cavity structure, adjustable bore diameter and inorganic-organic hybrid properties. Herein, we mainly introduce the latest progress in the synthesis of pure MOFs and their composites (MOF composites, MOF derivatives) and their applications in different batteries. Finally, the scientific challenges and possible progress directions of pure MOFs and complex nanostructures derived from MOF as templates in battery applications are outlined. We hope this review will play a certain role in promoting the future development of MOFs in the field of electrical storage.
Large air quality and human health impacts due to Amazon forest and vegetation fires
Authors: Butt Edward W , Conibear Luke , Reddington Carly L , Darbyshire Eoghan , Morgan William T , Coe Hugh , Artaxo Paulo , Brito Joel , Knote Christoph , Spracklen Dominick V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Vegetation fires across the tropics emit fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to the atmosphere, degrading regional air quality and impacting human health. Extensive vegetation fires occur regularly across the Amazon basin, but there have been no detailed assessments of the impacts on air quality or human health. We used updated exposure-response relationships and a regional climate-chemistry model, evaluated against a comprehensive set of observational data, to provide the first in-depth assessment of the potential public health benefits due to fire prevention across the Amazon Basin. We focused on 2012, a year with emissions similar to the 11-year average (2008 to 2018). Vegetation fires contributed >80% of simulated dry season mean surface PM2.5 in the western Amazon region particularly in Bolivia and Brazilian states of Rondônia, Acre, and Mato Grosso. We estimate that the prevention of vegetation fires would have averted 16 800 (95UI: 16 300–17 400) premature deaths and 641 000 (95UI: 551 900–741 300) disability adjusted life years (DALYs) across South America, with 26% of the avoided health burden located within the Amazon Basin. The health benefits of fire prevention in the Amazon are comparable to those found in Equatorial Asia.
Characterizing local noise in QAOA circuits
Authors: Marshall Jeffrey , Wudarski Filip , Hadfield Stuart , Hogg Tad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Recently Xue et al (2019 arXiv:1909.02196) demonstrated numerically that QAOA performance varies as a power law in the amount of noise under certain physical noise models. In this short note, we provide a deeper analysis of the origin of this behavior. In particular, we provide an approximate closed form equation for the fidelity and expected cost in terms of the noise rate, system size, and circuit depth. As an application, we show these equations accurately model the trade off between larger circuits which attain better expected cost values, at the expense of greater degradation due to noise.