bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploitation of the far-offshore wind energy resource by fleets of energy ships – Part 1: Energy ship design and performance
Authors: Babarit Aurélien , Clodic Gaël , Delvoye Simon , Gilloteaux Jean-Christophe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This paper deals with a new concept for the conversion of far-offshore
wind energy into sustainable fuel. It relies on autonomously sailing
energy ships and manned support tankers. Energy ships are
wind-propelled. They generate electricity using water turbines
attached underneath their hull. Since energy ships are not
grid-connected, they include onboard power-to-X plants for storage of
the produced energy. In the present work, the energy vector is
methanol. The aim of the paper is to propose an energy ship design and to
provide an estimate for its energy performance as function of the wind
conditions. The energy performance assessment is based on a numerical
model which is described in the paper. Results show that the wind
energy-to-methanol (chemical energy) conversion efficiency is 24 %
and that such an energy ship deployed in the North Atlantic Ocean could
produce approximately 5 GWh per annum of chemical energy
(900 t of methanol per annum).
Association between the number and size of intrapulmonary lymph nodes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity
Authors: Schreuder Anton , Jacobs Colin , Scholten Ernst T. , Prokop Mathias , van Ginneken Bram , Lynch David A. , Schaefer-Prokop Cornelia M. ,   COPDGene Investigators
Published: July 2020

Purpose
One of the main pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is inflammation, which has been associated with lymphadenopathy. Intrapulmonary lymph nodes can be identified on CT as perifissural nodules (PFN). We investigated the association between the number and size of PFNs and measures of COPD severity.

Materials and Methods
CT images were obtained from COPDGene. 50 subjects were randomly selected per GOLD stage (0 to 4), GOLD-unclassified, and never-smoker groups and allocated to either “Healthy,” “Mild,” or “Moderate/severe” groups. 26/350 (7.4%) subjects had missing images and were excluded. Supported by computer-aided detection, a trained researcher prelocated non-calcified opacities larger than 3 mm in diameter. Included lung opacities were classified independently by two radiologists as either “PFN,” “not a PFN,” “calcified,” or “not a nodule”; disagreements were arbitrated by a third radiologist. Ordinal logistic regression was performed as the main statistical test.

Results
A total of 592 opacities were included in the observer study. A total of 163/592 classifications (27.5%) required arbitration. A total of 17/592 opacities (2.9%) were excluded from the analysis because they were not considered nodular, were calcified, or all three radiologists disagreed. A total of 366/575 accepted nodules (63.7%) were considered PFNs. A maximum of 10 PFNs were found in one image; 154/324 (47.5%) contained no PFNs. The number of PFNs per subject did not differ between COPD severity groups (p = 0.50). PFN short-axis diameter could significantly distinguish between the Mild and Moderate/severe groups, but not between the Healthy and Mild groups (p = 0.021).

Conclusions
There is no relationship between PFN count and COPD severity. There may be a weak trend of larger intrapulmonary lymph nodes among patients with more advanced stages of COPD.
Postharvest Handling Knowledge and Practices among Food Handlers on Mycotoxigenic Molds Contamination in Maize Based Diets in School Meals Program in Salima District, Malawi
Authors: Jere Gibson Mapopa , Abong George O. , Njue Lucy G. , Masamba Kingsley , Omayio Duke G. 
Published: July 2020

Aims: The aim of the present study was to determine the postharvest handling knowledge and practices among food handlers on mycotoxigenic molds contamination in maize based diets in School Meals Program in Salima District, Malawi.
Study Design: This was cross-sectional study with qualitative and quantitative component.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Salima district, Central Malawi, between August and November, 2019.
Methodology: The study used a structured questionnaire which was administered to 124 individual food handlers which were purposively selected from 31 primary schools. The simple random sampling technique was used to select the 31 primary schools among those implementing home-grown school meals program. The food handlers included School Meals Cooks, Food Suppliers, Food Committee members, and Stores Keepers. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (version 20.0).
Results: The results showed that 80% of food handlers had high knowledge of causes of mycotoxigenic molds contamination in maize foods, 47% had moderate knowledge of health effects of mycotoxigenic molds, while 50% had moderate knowledge of control measures of mycotoxigenic molds in maize foods. Eighty-five percent (85%) were not aware of mycotoxins contamination in maize foods. Furthermore, the study revealed that 60% of food handlers practiced poor postharvest handling of maize foods during transporting, storage and processing in schools. There were no significant differences in knowledge of mycotoxigenic molds and postharvest handling practices of maize foods across demographic regions among food handlers (P >0.05).
Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of food handlers had high knowledge of mycotoxigenic molds in maize foods, however they practiced poor postharvest handling which might influence occurrence of mycotoxigenic molds in maize based diets for school children. There is need to educate all stakeholders involved in School meals Programme on mycotoxins and postharvest handling of maize foods to prevent school children from the risk of mycotoxins exposure.
Learning English as Second Language (ESL): The Experiences of Tagakaulo Students in Focus
Authors: Sanico Analou T. , Alo Meliza P. 
Published: July 2020

Aims: To investigate the struggles, coping mechanisms, and significant experiences of Grade 10 Tagakaulo students, an Indigenous Peoples (IP) group, in learning English.
Study Design: Qualitative method specifically phenomenological approach.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Dalamuan Integrated School in Lutay, Malungon, Sarangani Province. It was conducted during the school year 2019-2020.
Methodology: The Tagakaulo students were purposively chosen. Twelve Grade 10 Tagakaulo students participated in the focus group discussions. Validated researcher-made questionnaire was used to obtain information from the participants. Information obtained were data analyzed.
Results: Seven themes emerged from the data analysis: Consideration in learning English; considerations of good experiences; complication in learning English; dealing with difficulties; combination of teaching strategies; variations of preferred strategies; and meaningful experiences. In particular, all the participants believed that learning English was difficult but interesting; majority found encountering difficult words to be a good experience; having no academic resource such as library added to their difficulties; they developed different learning styles and coping mechanisms; they preferred performance, group activities, and discovery learning; and they realized that what might be a meaningful experience to one might not be essential to others. Each theme was discussed thoroughly.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, several concepts are formulated. First, Tagakaulo students’ struggles in learning English are not different from other non-tribal learners. It implies that in learning second language, indigenous and non-indigenous students experience similar difficulties. This may due to the similarity of their native languages and the target language they want to learn. Second, culture and upbringing of learners may affect students’ motivation in learning English. Filipino students have the drive to learn English because it will give them more opportunities than not learning it. Third, English teachers need to enhance and strengthen their corrective feedback knowledge and skills in order for them to practice the concept effectively. Fourth, students remember those teaching strategies which challenge them more. Fifth, the students’ prefer teaching strategies which are outcomes and performance-based. Sixth, students find meaningful experiences in learning English in spite of their challenges conditions.
An Assessment of Educators’ Level of Concern on the Adoption of Education 5.0: A Case of One University in Zimbabwe
Authors: Muzira Dumisani Rumbidzai , Muzira Robert 
Published: July 2020

Background: This study was an assessment of educators’ levels of concern on the adoption of Education 5.0: A case of a State University in Zimbabwe. Education 5.0 being a new curriculum reform in Zimbabwe which focuses on five pillars namely, research, teaching, community service, innovation and industrialisation. Educators are directly involved in implementing education reforms hence the importance of an assessment of their stages of concern towards the adoption of Education 5.0.
Methodology: A survey using 35 questionnaire items adapted from the Concerns-Based Adoption model was used to collect data from a sample of 28 lecturers derived from a population of 30. The researcher completed a score sheet using the responses from the questionnaires. Data on stages of concern was coded using Likert scale of 0 to 3. Data was analysed to measure stages of concern among the educators who are implementors of Education 5.0. by averaging the five items per stage to determine the level of concern among the educators. Standard deviation for each stage of concern was also calculated to determine variations among the educators’ level of concern.
Results: The study revealed that the educators had their highest intensity of concern under stage 2 (personal), followed by stage 5 (collaboration), and their least concern on stage 6 (refocusing), followed by stage 3 (management). These findings indicate that these educators are on the self-level of concern, much concerned about how they would personally be affected by Education 5.0 and least concerned about the task at hand, which is the implementation of Education 5.0.
Conclusion: The high intensity scores of educators’ concern at the personal and collaboration stages suggest that educators are more worried about how Education 5.0 adoption would affect them personally and also their significant others, students being part of this group. It is expected of educators to be concerned about how their students will be affected because students are part of lecturers’ most valued clients.
Hemoglobin Level as a Prognostic Factor for Locally Advanced Bladder Cancer Patients Treated with Radical Radiotherapy
Authors: Zahi Mohamed S. , Abozeed Waleed N. , Elazab Skoukri H. 
Published: July 2020

Anemia is a common symptom in cancer patients and usually associated with poor prognosis. Urinary bladder cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in the urological tract with anemia being one the most common presenting symptom. Radical radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for advancer disease with many factors could influence the prognosis.
Aim: To identify pre-treatment hemoglobin level as prognostic factor for advanced bladder cancer treated with radiotherapy.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study reviewed the data of 88 patients with advanced bladder cancer, treated with radical radiotherapy from 2013 to 2018.
Results: Median follow-up was 45 months. The median PFS was 26.87 months but when comparing anemic to non–anemic patient there was significant difference (17.25 and 40.02 months) respectively. Also as regards overall survival the median was 28.98 months but 20.24 and 40.47 months in anemic and non-anemic patients respectively with significant difference. Local or distant progression detected in 36 out of 50 anemic patients compared to only 4 out of 38 non-anemic patients. In multivariate analysis anemia was proved to be the strongest predictor of mortality.
Conclusion: Pre-treatment Hb level is an important factor affecting the prognosis of advanced bladder cancer patients treated with radical radiotherapy. Low HB level could be considered as a good biological marker for aggressive disease.
Predictors of worsening neuropathy and neuropathic pain after 12 years in people with HIV
Authors: Ellis Ronald J. , Diaz Monica , Sacktor Ned , Marra Christina , Collier Ann C. , Clifford David B. , Calcutt Nigel , Fields Jerel A. , Heaton Robert K. , Letendre Scott L. ,   for the CNS Antiretroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER) Study Group
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveDistal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) and neuropathic pain are important clinical concerns in virally suppressed people with HIV. We determined how these conditions evolved, what factors influenced their evolution, and their clinical impact.MethodsAmbulatory, community‐dwelling HIV seropositive individuals were recruited at six research centers. Clinical evaluations at baseline and 12 years later determined neuropathy signs and distal neuropathic pain (DNP). Additional assessments measured activities of daily living and quality of life (QOL). Factors potentially associated with DSP and DNP progression included disease severity, treatment, demographics, and co‐morbidities. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated for follow‐up neuropathy outcomes.ResultsOf 254 participants, 21.3% were women, 57.5% were non‐white. Mean baseline age was 43.5 years. Polyneuropathy prevalence increased from 25.7% to 43.7%. Of 173 participants initially pain‐free, 42 (24.3%) had incident neuropathic pain. Baseline risk factors for incident pain included unemployment (OR [95% CI], 5.86 [1.97, 17.4]) and higher baseline body mass index (BMI) (1.78 [1.03, 3.19] per 10‐units). Participants with neuropathic pain at follow‐up had significantly worse QOL and greater dependence in activities of daily living than those who remained pain‐free.InterpretationHIV DSP and neuropathic pain increased in prevalence and severity over 12 years despite high rates of viral suppression. The high burden of neuropathy included disability and poor life quality. However, substantial numbers remained pain‐free despite clear evidence of neuropathy on exam. Protective factors included being employed and having a lower BMI. Implications for clinical practice include promotion of lifestyle changes affecting reversible risk factors.
Anti‐inflammatory and analgesic effect of LD‐RT and some novel thiadiazole derivatives through COX‐2 inhibition
Authors: El‐Hazek Reham M. M. , El‐Sabbagh Walaa A. , El‐Hazek Rania M. , El‐Gazzar Marwa G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGenerally, highly selective COX‐2 inhibitors cause cardiovascular side effects. Celecoxib is the highly marketed coxib, so there is still a need for the synthesis of COX‐2 inhibitors with less adverse effects. Moreover, low‐dose radiotherapy (LD‐RT) is clinically used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the analgesic and anti‐inflammatory activity of a novel series of 1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives alone or combined with LD‐RT with a single dose of 0.5 Gy. Initially, in vitro COX‐1/COX‐2 inhibition assays were performed, identifying the sulfonamide‐containing compounds5–10as the most potent candidates, with IC50values in the range of 0.32–0.37 µM and the highest selectivity indices. These compounds and celecoxib were subjected to in vivo examination after their safety was assessed through the acute toxicity test. Treatment with compounds5–10inhibited carrageenan‐induced edema by nearly 47–56%, which was nearly equivalent to celecoxib. Compounds7and8and celecoxib showed an analgesic activity of 64.15%, 49.05%, and 84.90%, respectively, whereas compounds5,6,9, and10did not show any analgesic activity unless combined with LD‐RT. Ulcerogenic activity, histological paw examination, and docking studies were performed. Compounds5–10were nearly similar to celecoxib, showing normal histological features with no ulcerogenic activity.
Enhanced recovery after surgery pathway in patients with soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Lyu H G , Saadat L V , Bertagnolli M M , Wang J , Baldini E H , Stopfkuchen-Evans M , Bleday R , Raut C P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Patients undergoing surgery for soft tissue sarcoma have high morbidity rates, particularly after preoperative radiation therapy (RT). An enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programme may improve perioperative outcomes in abdominal surgery. This study reported outcomes of an ERAS programme tailored to patients with soft tissue sarcoma.

Methods
A prospective ERAS protocol was implemented in 2015 at a high-volume sarcoma centre. Patients treated within the ERAS programme from 2015 to 2018 were case-matched retrospectively with patients treated between 2012 and 2018 without use of the protocol, matched by surgical site, surgeon, sarcoma histology and preoperative RT treatment. Postoperative outcomes, specifically wound complications and duration of hospital stay, were reported.

Results
In total, 234 patients treated within the ERAS programme were matched with 237 who were not. The ERAS group had lower wound dehiscence rates overall (2 of 234 (0·9 per cent) versus 31 of 237 (13·1 per cent); P &lt; 0·001), after preoperative RT (0 of 41 versus 11 of 51; P = 0·004) and after extremity sarcoma surgery (0 of 54 versus 6 of 56; P = 0·040) compared with the non-ERAS group. Rates of postoperative ileus or obstruction were lower in the ERAS group (21 of 234 (9·9 per cent) versus 40 of 237 (16·9 per cent); P = 0·016) and in those with retroperitoneal sarcoma (4 of 36 versus 15 of 36; P = 0·007). Duration of hospital stay was shorter in the ERAS group (median 5 (range 0–36) versus 6 (0–67) days; P = 0·003).

Conclusion
Treatment within an ERAS protocol for patients with soft tissue sarcoma was associated with lower morbidity and shorter hospital stay.
Geriatric assessment domains to predict overall survival in older cancer patients: An analysis of functional status, comorbidities, and nutritional status as prognostic factors
Authors: Morishima Toshitaka , Sato Akira , Nakata Kayo , Miyashiro Isao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCancer treatments for older patients must account for heterogeneity in health and functional status. Guidelines advocate the use of geriatric assessments (GAs), but comprehensive assessments are laborious and the utility of specific GA domains remains unclear. The identification of specific domains as prognostic factors may support survival predictions and treatment decisions. We aimed to evaluate the associations between several GA domains and overall survival in older cancer patients. We linked cancer registry data and administrative claims data from cancer patients residing in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The subjects were patients aged ≥70 years who received a diagnosis of gastric, colorectal, or lung cancer between 2010 and 2014 at 36 designated cancer care hospitals. The following three GA domains were assessed at cancer diagnosis: functional status through activities of daily living (ADL), comorbidities, and nutritional status through body mass index. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed for the three cancer types to estimate each domain's prognostic effect while adjusting for gender, age, and cancer stage. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all‐cause mortality were calculated. We identified 5,559, 4,746, and 4,837 patients with gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer respectively. ADL impairment (HRs: 1.39‐3.34, 1.64‐2.86, and 1.24‐3.21 for gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer, respectively), comorbidities (1.32‐1.58, 1.33‐1.97, and 1.19‐1.29 for gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer, respectively), and underweight (1.36, 1.51, and 1.54 for gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer, respectively) were significantly associated with poorer overall survival. In contrast, overweight was significantly associated with improved overall survival (HRs: 0.82 and 0.89 for gastric and lung cancer respectively). The addition of the three domains increased the models’ C‐statistics (0.816 to 0.836, 0.764 to 0.787, and 0.759 to 0.783 for gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer respectively). Incorporating these factors into initial patient evaluations during diagnosis may aid prognostic predictions and treatment strategies in geriatric oncology.
Research in counselling and psychotherapy Post‐COVID‐19
Authors: Bell Chance A. , Crabtree Sarah A. , Hall Eugene L. , Sandage Steven J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic brings to light many areas the field of counselling and psychotherapy may need to address in future research. We outline several issues stemming from or exacerbated by the pandemic and offer suggestions for future research to address the mental health needs of those impacted. Our suggestions focus on five domains: (a) the health and well‐being of helping professionals, (b) the infodemic, (c) discrimination and minority stress, (d) spiritual and existential dynamics in mental health and (e) couple and family stress and resilience. We aim to provide a multi‐systemic perspective of mental health and well‐being in the time of COVID‐19, as well as encourage current and future studies to incorporate these suggestions to advance the health and well‐being of our communities through evidence‐based treatment approaches.
Unravelling the Role of Water in Ultrafast Excited‐State Relaxation Dynamics within Nano‐Architectures of Chlorophyll a
Authors: Silori Yogita , Chawla Sakshi , De Arijit K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWater plays a pivotal role in structural stability of supramolecular pigment assemblies designed for natural light harvesting (for example, chlorosome antenna complex) as well as their artificial analogs. However, the dynamic role of water in the context of excite‐state relaxation has not been explored till date, which we report here. Using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, we investigate the excited‐state dynamics of two types of nano‐scale assemblies of chlorophyll a with different structural motifs, rod‐shaped and micellar assemblies, that depend on the water content. We show how water participates in excess energy dissipation by vibrational cooling of the non‐thermally populated Qy band at different rates in different types of clusters but exhibits no polar solvation dynamics. For the micelles, we observe a bifurcation of stimulated emission line shape, whereas a positive‐to‐negative switching of differential absorption is observed for the rods; both these observations are correlated with their specific structural aspects. Density functional theory calculations reveal two possible stable ground state geometries of dimers, accounting for the bifurcation of line shape in micelles. Thus, our study elucidates water‐mediated structure–function relationship within these pigment assemblies.
Soybean Cyst Nematode Management in the Corn Belt
Authors: Winsor Susan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis is the first installment of a four‐part series on soybean cyst nematode management. This article focuses specifically on the Corn Belt. Subsequent articles will address the Western Corn Belt, the South, and the Mid‐Atlantic States. Earn 1 CEU in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/841.