bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Honeycomb RhI3 Flakes with High Environmental Stability for Optoelectronics
Authors: Wang Fakun , Zhang Zhuang , Zhang Yue , Nie Anmin , Zhao Wei , Wang Dong , Huang Fuqiang , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe emerging 2D layered transition metal trihalides (MX3) have attracted extremely high interest given their exceptional structural and physical properties. Continuing to extend the library of 2D MX3 is essential for exploring new physical phenomena and enabling new functionality. Herein, the optical and electrical properties and the photodetection behavior of atomically thin RhI3 flakes exfoliated from bulk crystals are reported. This compound exhibits superior air and thermal stability, as well as thickness‐dependent bandgap from 1.1 (18L) to 1.4 eV (2L). Field‐effect transistors based on the few‐layer RhI3 flakes display n‐type semiconducting behavior with competitive mobility of 2.5 cm2 V−1 s−1 and ON/OFF current ratio of 4 × 104. Importantly, the outstanding responsivity of 11.5 A W−1 and high specific detectivity of 2 × 1010 Jones are recorded from the RhI3 photodetectors under 980 nm illumination at room temperature in air. These findings indicate a variety of potential applications of atomically thin RhI3 flakes in future 2D‐material‐based electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Underwater Superaerophobicity/Superaerophilicity and Unidirectional Bubble Passage Based on the Femtosecond Laser‐Structured Stainless Steel Mesh
Authors: Huo Jinglan , Yang Qing , Yong Jiale , Fan Peixun , Lu Yong feng , Hou Xun , Chen Feng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo control the behavior of underwater bubbles, stainless steel meshes are treated through femtosecond laser processing, and the bubble absorption, bubble interception, and unidirectional bubble passage are realized by using structured meshes. The surface of the mesh presents a micro–sub‐micro–nano trinary‐scale structure (microscale mesh wires, sub‐microripples, and nanoparticles) after one‐step laser ablation on both sides. The surface shows superhydrophilic in air and superaerophobic once immersed in water. After further modified with fluoroalkylsilane, the wettability of the sample surface is switched to be superaerophilic in water with bubble being absorbed by the sample. When a plenty of underwater bubbles arrive at the structured stainless steel mesh surface, they can be blocked by the underwater superaerophobic mesh but pass through the underwater superaerophilic mesh. In addition, after the mesh being treated only one side and further modified, it is to be Janus mesh and presents asymmetrical wettability of aerophilicity/superaerophilicity. The Janus mesh shows the unidirectional passage of underwater bubbles. Bubbles can only penetrate from aerophilic side to superaerophilic side, but be blocked from the other direction. The mesh is verified to be used to eliminate the stuck bubbles in the container.
Hyperbolic Metamaterial with Quantum Dots for Enhanced Emission and Collection Efficiencies
Authors: Kala Abhinav , Inam Faraz Ahmed , Biehs Svend‐Age , Vaity Pravin , Achanta Venu Gopal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBright, room‐temperature stable, on‐demand, and highly directional light sources are essential for quantum optical technologies. A design methodology to enhance the emission and collection efficiencies for given collection optics is proposed and demonstrated. Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) offer manipulation of local density of states to improve the emission as well as coupling of emission to high‐K modes. However, metallic losses limit the efficiencies achieved. The HMM structure designed for large, broadband Purcell enhancement with limited metallic losses as well as HMM and antenna design to optimize the collection efficiency is presented. 200 times emission enhancement is reported from CdSeS/ZnS core/shell alloyed quantum dots embedded in a planar HMM structure with cylindrical silver (Ag) patch antenna on the top. 40% collection efficiency is demonstrated for a lens with a numerical aperture of 0.9 and the emission enhancement is about an order of magnitude higher than the previous reports.
Improved Photoelectric Performance of UV Photodetector Based on ZnO Nanoparticle‐Decorated BiOCl Nanosheet Arrays onto PDMS Substrate: The Heterojunction and Ti3C2Tx MXene Conduction Layer
Authors: Ouyang Weixin , Chen Jiaxin , He Jr‐Hau , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLarge‐area BiOCl nanosheet arrays grown on Cu substrate are transferred onto the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate, while the as‐fabricated BiOCl/PDMS photodetector (PD) yields negligible photocurrents under UV light illumination. The introduction of a Ti3C2Tx MXene conduction layer at the interface increases both the photocurrent and dark current by 2–3 orders of magnitude. But this PD suffers from a large dark current (6.7 pA), a low on–off ratio (2.4), and a long decay time (6.87 s) under 350 nm light illumination at 5 V. After the deposition of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), the optimized PD achieves a low dark current of 86 fA, a high on–off ratio of 7996.5, and a short decay time of 0.93 s. Additionally, the elimination of the Ti3C2Tx MXene layer causes decreased photocurrent and prolonged decay time. The greatly improved photoresponse and response speed of these PDs are ascribed to the increased light absorption brought by the ZnO NPs, the improved carrier separation promoted by the ZnO–BiOCl heterojunction, and the efficient carrier pathways provided by the Ti3C2Tx MXene conduction layers. The construction of heterojunctions and introduction of conduction additives improve the photodetecting performance of these BiOCl‐based PDs, promoting their practical applications in the photoelectric devices.
Auto‐Oxidative Povarov/Aromatization Tandem Reaction of Glycine Derivatives with Enamides: Acylamino as both Activating and Leaving Group
Authors: Huang Songhai , Bao Xiazhen , Fu Ying , Zhang Yongxin , Quan Zhengjun , Huo Congde 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe auto‐oxidative Povarov/aromatization tandem reaction of N‐aryl glycine derivatives with enamides yields a series of complex quinoline derivatives in good yields. The reactions are performed using only catalytic amount of Brønsted acid and O2. The acylamino group is used as both activating and leaving group to improve the reaction efficiency in this transformation.
Knowledge gaps and risks associated with premise plumbing drinking water quality
Authors: Julien Ryan , Dreelin Erin , Whelton Andrew J. , Lee Juneseok , Aw Tiong Gim , Dean Kara , Mitchell Jade 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSustainability, water conservation, water efficiency, and green infrastructure have led to significant decreases in the quantity of water used in buildings. In addition, changes in water usage, building design, plumbing material selection, and high‐efficiency fixtures contribute to water age and potential chemical and microbiological contamination. Through a literature review and stakeholder workshop with representatives from the public and private sectors, this article explores the current state of the science on plumbing safety. Results indicate that links between water usage, design, and material selection and water quality must be established with data‐driven methods to support risk assessment and risk management decisions. Of particular interest is a better understanding of the contribution of water usage and piping materials to the proliferation of opportunistic pathogens. This article will help further efforts to evaluate these pathogenic risks, a critical need as drinking water regulations have primarily focused on exposure through ingestion.
„Was er angriff, wurde sein eigen“ – Händels Exzerpierpraxis im Horizont der Genieästhetik
Authors: Hirschmann Wolfgang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince Edward Young's Conjectures on Original Composition published in 1759 the concept of original genius has been at the centre of considerations concerning creative processes. And George Frideric Handel's compositions were regarded not only by his contemporaries, but also by subsequent generations as an epitome of the creative power of a sublime artistic personality individualized in every sense. This image of the composer as a musical hero faltered in the course of the 19th century when it became known to what large extent Handel had taken excerpts from other composers’ works and based his own compositions on these borrowings. The argumentative tension resulting from the confrontation between claim of originality and borrowing practice can by retraced in Handel's Wirkungsgeschichte better than in any other reception history of an 18th‐century artist. Moreover it can be shown that scholarly attempts to explain Handel's art of excerption have focused on the paradigm of the original genius until our days: aesthetic contemplation turns into history of humanities. Based on a selection of symptomatic documents the following article will exemplify and discuss these issues finally sketching some consequences for the analysis and interpretation of Handel's borrowing practice against the background of ars excerpendi.
Patterns of recurrence after curative D2 resection for gastric cancer: Implications for postoperative radiotherapy
Authors: Xu Jing , Shen Li , Shui Yongjie , Yu Wei , Guo Qingqu , Yu Risheng , Wu Yulian , Wei Qichun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐quality randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the benefit of radiotherapy (RT) in patients with radical resected gastric cancer (GC), however, utilization rates of postoperative RT remain remarkably low. Patterns, incidences, and time of recurrence provide biological bases for clinical monitoring of GC patients and guiding potential complementary therapies. Thus, the aim of this study is to understand the location of locoregional recurrence which may allow individualized RT strategies and minimize radiation‐related toxic effects.MethodsA relatively large sample of GC patients in a single institution who had undergone curative D2 resection was retrospectively reviewed and the relevant recurrence patterns were illustrated. Independent recurrence‐related risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. New logistic regression models were further developed to predict the probability of recurrence.ResultsOverall, among 776 GC patients who had continuous and complete follow‐up data, 300 cases relapsed after curative resection. Lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastases, and tumor stage were indicators for early recurrence. Peritoneal, regional, local, and distant recurrence initially occurred in 51 (6.6%), 151 (19.4%), 56 (7.2%), and 164 (21.1%) patients, respectively. Among patients with regional recurrence, the most common sites were lymph node stations 16a2, 8, 12, 16b1, and 9. Remnant stomach recurrence was not so prominent that it seemed reasonable to be excluded from an irradiation field for patients with negative surgical/pathologic margins.ConclusionsFor GC patients who underwent radical D2 resection, distant and regional recurrences were still common. Besides, optimizing regional control of lymph nodes outside the D2 dissected area was crucial for rational design of the RT field. Furthermore, the new logistic regression models might act as useful tools to evaluate recurrence risk and determine which patients should receive postoperative chemoradiotherapy.
Consumer preference for bio‐based batteries
Authors: Choi Youngran , Chen Kuan‐Ju , Marsh Thomas L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGrowing concern about the degradation of the environment and public health has called into question the use of conventional household batteries that are consumed and then typically discarded. Because most conventional batteries are not recycled, they end up in landfills where they decompose, potentially leaching harmful chemicals into the surrounding soil. Bio‐based batteries, which are made from agricultural by‐products, have been designed to help meet the need for household batteries while using sustainable, safe technology. This research examines the links between consumer willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for bio‐based batteries and consumer characteristics and preferences for certain product attributes and environmentally‐friendly practices. We designed a nationwide survey and analyzed the survey data using the dichotomous‐choice contingent valuation method. The results show an increase in the estimated WTP in the Midwest and South in response to an information treatment about bio‐based batteries. Overall, U.S. consumers concerned about green production and recycling practices are willing to pay a premium for bio‐based batteries. Our results provide essential information for quantitatively assessing the potential market impact of bio‐based batteries, for developing effective management and marketing strategies to reach various consumer groups, and for efficiently establishing sustainable policies and regulations.
Diversity of Physiological and Biochemical Characters of Microdochium Fungi
Authors: Gavrilova Olga P. , Orina Aleksandra S. , Kessenikh Elizaveta D. , Gustyleva Lyudmila K. , Savelieva Elena I. , Gogina Nadezhda N. , Gagkaeva Tatiana Yu. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe biological characterization of Microdochium majus, M. nivale, and M. seminicola strains with wide geographical origins showed the diversity of their pathogenic properties and metabolite compounds, allowing them to exist in their habitats. Significant differences in the ability of Microdochium fungi to cause lesions on wheat and oat leaves were found. The intensity of symptoms depended on the species and substrate origin of the strains. On average M. seminicola strains were able to cause less leaf necrosis than M. majus and M. nivale. The volatile organic compound (VOC) profile of Microdochium fungi included 29 putative fungal metabolites. The spectrum of the identified VOCs in M. seminicola strains was much richer than that in M. majus and M. nivale strains. In addition, the strains of M. seminicola emitted at least six sesquiterpenes. Mycotoxin analysis by HPLC/MS/MS revealed that the analyzed Microdochium strains did not produce any toxic metabolites typically produced by filamentous fungi.
Role of simulators on structural training
Authors: Cilingiroglu Mehmet , Marmagkiolis Konstantinos 
Published: May 2020

Key Points
Structural heart interventions are a rapidly evolving field in the treatment of complex heart diseases.
While the number of dedicated fellowship programs keep increasing, there are important limitations on the number and diversity in certain structural heart procedures.
Procedural specific simulation technology offer a safer, comprehensive and controlled training opportunity.
The bicuspid aortic valve: Still a toothy problem
Authors: Lisko John , Block Peter C. 
Published: May 2020

Key Points
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an acceptable treatment alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement in selected patients with a bicuspid aortic valve.
TAVR appears to have acceptable mid‐term outcomes in patients with bicuspid aortic stenosis.
A large‐scale, randomized, clinical trial is necessary to better define the role of TAVR for patients with bicuspid aortic stenosis.
Taking the kidney to heart
Authors: Ooi Yinn Shaung , Gray William A. 
Published: May 2020

Key Points
Growing evidence supports the role of Impella in the prevention of acute kidney injury in high‐risk percutaneous interventions (HR‐PCIs).
The Mehran contrast‐induced nephropathy risk score may serve as a helpful risk stratification tool in discerning patients undergoing HR‐PCI who may benefit from renal protection with Impella support.
Further research is warranted to validate this renal protection strategy.
Homogenization, Linearization, and Large‐Scale Regularity for Nonlinear Elliptic Equations
Authors: Armstrong Scott , Ferguson Samuel J. , Kuusi Tuomo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe consider nonlinear, uniformly elliptic equations with random, highly oscillating coefficients satisfying a finite range of dependence. We prove that homogenization and linearization commute in the sense that the linearized equation (linearized around an arbitrary solution) homogenizes to the linearization of the homogenized equation (linearized around the corresponding solution of the homogenized equation). We also obtain a quantitative estimate on the rate of this homogenization. These results lead to a better understanding of differences of solutions to the nonlinear equation, which is of fundamental importance in quantitative homogenization. In particular, we obtain a large‐scale C0, 1 estimate for differences of solutions—with optimal stochastic integrability. Using this estimate, we prove a large‐scale C1, 1 estimate for solutions, also with optimal stochastic integrability. Each of these regularity estimates are new even in the periodic setting. As a second consequence of the large‐scale regularity for differences, we improve the smoothness of the homogenized Lagrangian by showing that it has the same regularity as the heterogeneous Lagrangian, up to C2, 1. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Corrosion‐Free EMF Measurements of Zinc‐Based Intermetallic Compounds at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Kriegel René , Armbrüster Marc 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Armbrüster (TU Chemnitz). The image illustrates the determination of the chemical activity of elements in intermetallic compounds by corrosion‐free EMF measurements. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.201901218.
2‐Formyl‐dATP as Substrate for Polymerase Synthesis of Reactive DNA Bearing an Aldehyde Group in the Minor Groove
Authors: Krömer Matouš , Brunderová Mária , Ivancová Ivana , Poštová Slavětínská Lenka , Hocek Michal 
Published: May 2020

Abstract2‐Formyl‐2′‐deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dCHOATP) was synthesized and tested as a substrate in enzymatic synthesis of DNA modified in the minor groove with a reactive aldehyde group. The multistep synthesis of dCHOATP was based on the preparation of protected 2‐dihydroxyethyl‐2′‐deoxyadenosine intemediate, which was triphosphorylated and converted to aldehyde through oxidative cleavage. The dCHOATP triphosphate was a moderate substrate for KOD XL DNA polymerase, and was used for enzymatic synthesis of some sequences using primer extension (PEX). On the other hand, longer sequences (31‐mer) with higher number of modifications, or sequences with modifications at adjacent positions did not give full extension. Single‐nucleotide extension followed by PEX was used for site‐specific incorporation of one aldehyde‐linked adenosine into a longer 49‐mer sequence. The reactive formyl group was used for cross‐linking with peptides and proteins using reductive amination and for fluorescent labelling through oxime formation with an AlexaFluor647‐linked hydroxylamine.
Herbage accumulation, canopy characteristics, and nutritive value of tropical grasses in the Amazon biome
Authors: Tesk Cátia R. M. , Abreu Joadil G. , Pereira Dalton H. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Matta Frederico de P. , Pedreira Bruno C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractForage species diversification reduces risk associated with forage–livestock production. In the Amazon biome, an alternative is needed to ‘Marandu’ palisadegrass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster] because of Marandu death syndrome. Our objective was to compare herbage accumulation (HA), canopy characteristics, and nutritive value of Marandu with two alternative grasses, ‘Guará’ (Paspalum regnellii Mez) and ‘Tupi’ [Urochloa humidicola (Rendle) Morrone & Zuloaga]. During 2 yr, grasses were clipped to a 12‐cm stubble height every 28 (rainy season) or 42 d (dry season). Annual HA did not differ across years for Guará (13.7 Mg dry matter [DM] ha−1) and Tupi (12.2 Mg DM ha−1); however, Marandu HA was 30% less in the second than the first year. Marandu had greatest annual HA in the first year (15.5 Mg DM ha−1), and Guará was superior to the other grasses in the second year (13.5 Mg DM ha−1). Tupi had the least leaf proportion among grasses in both rainy and dry seasons, and its leaf proportion was greater in the dry than rainy season (715 vs. 610 g kg−1). Greatest stem proportion was observed in Tupi and the least stubble mass occurred in Guará (2000 kg DM ha−1). When differences in crude protein occurred, Tupi concentrations (80–130 g kg−1) were less than either Guará (97–157 g kg−1) or Marandu (81–139 g kg−1). Overall, Tupi and Guará HA and nutritive value support their recommendation as alternatives to Marandu monoculture in Amazon forage‐based livestock systems.
Pickering/Non‐Pickering Emulsions of Nanostructured Sulfonated Lignin Derivatives
Authors: Ghavidel Nasim , Fatehi Pedram 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSulfoethylated lignin (SEKL) polymeric surfactant and sulfoethylated lignin nanoparticles (N‐SEKL) with a size of 750±50 nm are produced by using a facile green process involving a solvent‐free reaction and acidification‐based fractionation. SEKL forms a liquid‐like conventional emulsion with low viscosity that has temporary stability (5 h) at pH 7. However, N‐SEKL forms a gel‐like, motionless, and ultra‐stable Pickering emulsion through a network of interactions between N‐SEKL particles, which creates steric hindrance among the oil droplets at pH 3. The deposition of SEKL and N‐SEKL on the oil surface is monitored by a using a quartz crystal microbalance. Experimentally, the formation of emulsions at pH 7 is found to be reversible owing to the low adsorption energy ΔE of SEKL on the oil droplet (ΔE≈15 kBT), which is determined with the help of three‐phase contact‐angle measurements. However, the high desorption energy (ΔE≈6.0×105 kBT) of N‐SEKL makes it irreversibly adsorb on the oil droplets. SEKL is too hydrophilic to attach to the oil interface (ΔE≈0) and thus does not facilitate emulsion formation at pH 11. Therefore, it is feasible to apply SEKL for the formulation of Pickering or non‐Pickering emulsions in the form of nanoparticles or polymeric surfactants, depending on the targeted application.
Highly Efficient Cleavage of Ether Bonds in Lignin Models by Transfer Hydrogenolysis over Dual‐Functional Ruthenium/Montmorillonite
Authors: Xue Zhimin , Yu Haitao , He Jing , Zhang Yibin , Lan Xue , Liu Rundong , Zhang Luyao , Mu Tiancheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCleavage of ether bonds is a crucial but challenging step for lignin valorization. To efficiently realize this transformation, the development of robust catalysts or catalytic systems is required. In this study, montmorillonite (MMT)‐supported Ru (denoted as Ru/MMT) is fabricated as a dual‐functional heterogeneous catalyst to cleave various types of ether bonds through transfer hydrogenolysis without using any additional acids or bases. The prepared Ru/MMT material is found to efficiently catalyze the cleavage of various lignin models and lignin‐derived phenols; cyclohexanes (fuels) and cyclohexanols (key intermediates) are the main products. The synergistic effect between electron‐enriched Ru and the acidic sites on MMT contributes to the excellent performance of Ru/MMT. Systematic studies reveal that the reaction proceeds through two possible reaction pathways, including the direct cleavage of ether bonds and the formation of intermediates with one hydrogenated benzene ring, for all examined types of ether bonds, namely, 4‐O‐5, α‐O‐4, and β‐O‐4.