bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proficiencies of Military Medical Officers in Intubating Difficult Airways
Authors: Lim Jonathan Zhao Min , Chew Shi Hao , Chin Benjamin Zhao Bin , Siew Raymond Chern Hwee 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background This study sheds light on the proficiency of military medical officers who had received between 2-3 years of post-graduate training, in the handling of the difficult airway in a trauma manikin simulator using direct and video laryngoscopes. Method 133 doctors from the Singapore Armed Forces Medical Officer Cadet Course were assessed using high-fidelity simulator models with standardised difficult airways (simulator with tongue-swelling and cervical collar). They used the Macintosh direct laryngoscope (DL), King Vision channelled-blade laryngoscope (KVC), King Vision non-channelled blade laryngoscope (KVNC), and the McGrath (MG) laryngoscope on the same model in a randomised sequence. The intubation success rates and time to intubation were recorded and analysed for the study. Results The medical officers had a 71.4% intubation success rate with the DL on the difficult airway trauma simulator model and the mean time to intubation of 40.1s. With the KVC, the success rate is 86.5% with mean intubation time of 40.4s. The KVNC produced 24.8% success rate, with mean time to intubation of 53.2s. The MG laryngoscope produced 85.0% success rate, with a mean time of intubation of 37.4s. Conclusion Military medical officers with 2-3 years of post-graduate training had a success rate of 71.4% success rate intubating a simulated difficult airway in a trauma setting using a DL. Success rates were improved with the use of KVC and the MG laryngoscope, but was worse with the KVNC.
Is the Capability of Well‑being Consistent With the General Population or Other Populations? Assessing the Reliability and Validity of the Icecap-a Instrument in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Xiong Yao , Wu Hongyan , Xu Judy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose We aimed to conduct psychometric tests for the Chinese version of ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults (ICECAP-A) and use the instrument to analyze the quality of life (QoL) for Chinese type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Methods Data were collected from a sample of 492 Chinese T2DM patients. The reliability and validity of the ICECAP-A were verified. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and polychoric correlation analysis were conducted for both the ICECAP-A and EQ-5D-3L. Results Our results show that the Chinese version of ICECAP-A has good internal consistency with an overall Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.721. The mean scores of ICECAP-A and EQ-5D-3L are 0.85 vs. 0.94. A weak correlation (r = 0.116) was found between the ICECAP-A and EQ-5D-3L tariff scores. EFA showed that although the five dimensions of the ICECAP-A and EQ-5D-3L scales were loaded into two different factors respectively. However, the two scales captured different dimensions of quality of life and can complement each other. The ICECAP-A, EQ-5D-3L, and EQ-VAS scores showed differences across different socio-demographic characteristics and clinic conditions groups. Conclusion The Chinese version of the ICECAP-A capability instrument can be for assessing outcomes in adults with T2DM. It may capture more dimensions of QoL than traditional Health-related QoL (HRQoL) instruments and may be useful for economic evaluations of health care and social care for people with T2DM or other chronic diseases.
Health-related Quality of Life Among Patients With Bipolar Disorder in Rural Southwestern Uganda: A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Anyayo Lucas , Ashaba Scholastic , Kaggwa Mark Mohan , Samuel Maling , Nakimuli-Mpungu Etheldreda 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric disorder that alters mood and affects over 55 million people globally with an estimated lifetime prevalence of approximately 0.8 - 1.1%. In Africa, the lifetime prevalence of the bipolar spectrum disorders is slightly lower at 0.1 – 0.6%. Bipolar disorder is ranked the sixth leading cause of disability with high rates of morbidity and mortality and negatively impacts quality of life of those affected. Methods: The aim of the study was to determine the health-related quality of life of patients with bipolar disorder attending a mental health clinic in south western Uganda. We enrolled a consecutive sample of 169 participants and evaluated their health-related quality of life using the medical outcomes health survey short form-36 (SF-36) scale. We used bivariate and multivariable logistic regression to determine associations between quality of life, sociodemographic and clinical factors setting the physical and mental component categories of quality life scale as the main outcome variables. Results: The mean age of the participants was 37.23 (12.83) and slightly over half (54.4%) were females. More than half (66.86%) of the participants had poor physical component summary (mean=45.06, SD=8.44) while 81% of the participants had poor mental component summary (mean=41.95, SD=8.45). Poor physical quality of life had a statistically significant association with history of suicidal thoughts (OR=2.75, 95% CI=1.14-6.63, P=0.02), while poor mental quality of life had a statistically significant association with history of suicidal thoughts (OR=3.94, CI=1.22-12.71, P=0.02) and history of psychotic symptoms (OR=2.46, CI=1.07-5.64, P=0.03).Conclusion: The mental and physical quality of life of our participants was poor and history of suicidal thoughts and psychotic symptoms were associated with poor quality of life. There is need to address psychotic symptoms and suicidal thoughts in the management of patients with bipolar disorder to improve health related outcomes and quality of life.
NINJ1 mediates plasma membrane rupture during lytic cell death
Authors: Kayagaki Nobuhiko , Kornfeld Opher , Lee Bettina , Stowe Irma , O'Rourke Karen , Li Qingling , Sandoval Wendy , Yan Donghong , Xu Min , Ulas Gözde , Payandeh Jian , Roose-Girma Merone , Modrusan Zora , Reja Rohit , Sagolla Meredith , Webster Joshua , Cho Vicky , Andrews Thomas , Morris Lucy , Miosge Lisa , Goodnow Christopher , Bertram Edward , Dixit Vishva 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Plasma membrane rupture (PMR) is the final cataclysmic event in lytic cell death. PMR releases intracellular molecules termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that propagate the inflammatory response. The underlying mechanism for PMR, however, is unknown. Here we show that the ill-characterized nerve injury-induced protein 1 (NINJ1) — a cell surface protein with two transmembrane regions — plays an essential role in the induction of PMR. A forward-genetic screen of randomly mutagenized mice linked NINJ1 to PMR. Ninj1–/– macrophages exhibited impaired PMR in response to diverse inducers of pyroptotic, necrotic and apoptotic cell death, and failed to release numerous intracellular proteins including High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1, a known DAMP) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH, a standard measure of PMR). Ninj1–/– macrophages died, but with a distinctive and persistent ballooned morphology, attributable to defective disintegration of bubble-like herniations. Ninj1–/– mice were more susceptible than wild-type mice to Citrobacter rodentium, suggesting a role for PMR in anti-bacterial host defense. Mechanistically, NINJ1 utilized an evolutionarily conserved extracellular α-helical domain for oligomerization and subsequent PMR. The discovery of NINJ1 as a mediator of PMR overturns the long-held dogma that cell death-related PMR is a passive event. Pyroptosis is a potent inflammatory mode of lytic cell death triggered by diverse infectious and sterile insults1-3. It is driven by the pore-forming fragment of gasdermin D (GSDMD)4-7 and releases two exemplar proteins: interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and LDH, a standard marker of PMR and lytic cell death. An early landmark study8 predicted two sequential steps for pyroptosis: (1) initial formation of a small plasma membrane pore causing IL-1β release and non-selective ionic fluxes, and (2) subsequent PMR attributable to oncotic cell swelling. PMR releases LDH (140 kDa) and large DAMPs. While the predicted size of gasdermin pores (~18 nm inner diameter9) is large enough to release IL-1β (17 kDa, ~4.5 nm diameter), the underlying mechanism for subsequent PMR has been considered a passive osmotic lysis event.
Screening of the College Students at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis in China: A Multicenter Epidemiological Study
Authors: Wu JiaXin , Long XiangYun , Liu Fei , Qi AnSi , Chen Qi , Guan XiaoFeng , Zhang Qiong , Yao YuHong , Shi JingYu , Xie ShiPing , Yan Wei , Hu MaoRong , Yuan Xin , Tang Jun , Wu SiLiang , Zhang TianHong , Wang JiJun , Lu Zheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
To investigate a 3-stage screening procedure and explore the clinical features of subjects at Clinical High Risk (CHR) for psychosis in a representative sample of Chinese college students.
Methods
An epidemiological survey of the prevalence of CHR syndrome in Chinese college students that was selected by stratified random sampling from Shanghai, Nanjing and Nanchang cities was done followed a 3-stage procedure. Participants was initially screened with the Prodromal Questionnaire-brief version (PQ-B), and whose distress score of PQ-B exceeded 24 would be invited to a telephone assessment using the subscale for positive symptoms of the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS)/Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS). Lastly, participants who scored 3 or higher in any item of the subscale would be administered with the SIPS interview conducted by trained researchers to confirm the diagnosis of CHR syndrome.
Results
23 063 college students completed the survey during September 2017 to October 2018. 72 students were diagnosed as CHR subjects, and the detection rate in the total sample was 0.3%. The peak age range for the first diagnosis of CHR was 17 to 20 years. 13 and 46 were set as the cut-off points of PQ-B total score and distress score to balance the greatest sensitivity and specificity. Binary logistic regression revealed that 5 items in PQ-B showed significant distinction for detecting CHR subjects.
Conclusions
The 3-stage screening method can be utilized in the detection of CHR subjects for psychosis in general population, during which delusional ideas, perceptual abnormalities and suspiciousness deserve great attention.
Handwashing and disinfection precautions taken by U.S. adults to prevent coronavirus disease 2019, Spring 2020
Authors: Brown Laura , Hoover E. Rickamer , Barrett Catherine , Esschert Kayla L. Vanden , Collier Sarah , Garcia-Williams Amanda 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives. The objectives of this study were to assess self-reported hygiene precautions taken by U.S. adults during spring 2020 to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to identify demographic characteristics associated with these hygiene precautions. Results. We obtained data from Porter Novelli Public Services’s national survey, Spring ConsumerStyles, conducted March 19 – April 9, 2020 among a nationally representative random sample of 6,463 U.S. adults aged 18 years or older. We present data from the survey question: “What, if any, precautions are you taking to prevent coronavirus?”. Respondents replied yes or no to the following precautions: washing hands often with soap and water and disinfecting surfaces at home and work often. Most respondents reported taking hygiene-related precautions to prevent COVID-19; more respondents reported handwashing (93%) than disinfecting surfaces (74%). Men, younger respondents, those with lower income and education levels, and respondents in self-rated poor health had lower reported rates of both handwashing and disinfecting surfaces. Communications about hygiene precautions for COVID-19 prevention may need to target sub-populations with the greatest gaps in hygiene-related practices. Research identifying barriers to these practices and developing effective messaging could inform and improve these communications.
Magnetoteluric Study in the Region De Los Lagos to Study Volcano-Tectonic Processes in the Southern Andes
Authors: Baldovino Maria Jose Segovia , Alvarado Daniel Diaz , Slezak Katarzyna , Armijo Felipe Zuñiga 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In order to analyze the process of subduction of the Nazca and South American plates in the area of the Southern Andes, and its relationship with the tectonic and volcanic regime of the place, magnetotelluric measurements were made through a transversal profile of the Chilean continental margin. The data processing stage included the analysis of dimensional parameters, which as first results showed a three-dimensional environment for periods less than 1s and two-dimensional for periods greater than 10s. In addition, through the geomagnetic transfer function (tipper), the presence of structural electrical anisotropy was identified in the data. After the dimensional analysis, a deep electrical resistivity image was obtained by inverting a 2D and a 3D model. Surface conductive anomalies were obtained beneath the central depression related to the early dehydration of the slab and the serpentinization process of the mantle that coincides in location with a discontinuity in the electrical resistivity of a regional body that we identified as the Nazca plate. A shallow conductive body was located around the Calbuco volcano and was correlated with a magmatic chamber or reservoir which in turn appears to be connected to the Liquiñe Ofqui fault system and the Andean Transverse Fault system. In addition to the serpentinization process, when the oceanic crust reaches a depth of 80-100km, the ascending fluids produced by the dehydration and phase changes of the minerals present in the oceanic plate produce basaltic melts in the wedge of the subcontinental mantle that give rise to an eclogitization process and this explains a large conductivity anomaly present beneath the main mountain range.
Effects of Programmatic Interventions to Improve the Management of Latent Tuberculosis: A Follow Up Study Up to Five Months After Implementation.
Authors: Yanes-Lane Mercedes , Trajman Anete , Bastos Mayara Lisboa , Oxlade Olivia , Valiquette Chantal , Rufino Nathalia , Fregonese Federica , Menzies Dick 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Less than 19% of those needing tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment complete it, due to losses in several steps of the cascade of care for latent TB infection. A cluster randomized trial of a programmatic public health intervention to improve management of latent TB infection in household contacts was conducted in Rio de Janeiro. Interventions included contact registry, initial and in-service training, and a TB booklet. We conducted a follow-up study starting one month after the conclusion of this trial, to measure the effect of interventions implemented, and to identify remaining barriers and facilitators to latent TB infection treatment, from different perspectives.METHODS: In two health clinics in Rio de Janeiro, that received the interventions in the intervention trial, data for the latent TB infection cascade of care for household contacts was collected over a five-month period. The number of household contacts initiating treatment per 100 TB index-patients was compared with cascade data obtained before and during the intervention trial. Semi-structured open-ended questionnaires were administered to healthcare workers, household contacts and TB index-patients regarding knowledge and perceptions about TB and study interventions. RESULTS: In this follow-up study, 184 household contacts per 100 TB index-patients were identified which was 65 fewer per 100 TB index-patients, (95% CI -115, -15) but the number of household contacts starting latent TB infection treatment was sustained (difference 2, 95% CI -8,5). A total of 31 TB index-patients, 22 household contacts and 19 health care workers were interviewed. Among TB index-patients, 61% said all their household contacts had been tested for latent TB infection. All health care workers said it was very important to test household contacts, and 95% mentioned that possessing correct knowledge on the benefits of latent TB infection treatment was the main facilitator to enable them to recommend this treatment.CONCLUSION: In this follow-up study, we observed a persistent effect of interventions to strengthen the latent TB infection cascade of care, on increasing the number of household contacts starting latent TB infection treatment.
Overcoming Bioprocess Bottlenecks in the Large-Scale Expansion of High Quality hiPSC Aggregates in Vertical-Wheel Stirred Suspension Bioreactors
Authors: Borys Breanna S , Dang Tiffany , So Tania , Rohani Leili , Revay Tamas , Walsh Tylor , Thompson Madalynn , Argiropoulos Bob , Rancourt Derrick E. , Jung Sunghoon , Hashimura Yas , Lee Brian , Kallos Michael S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold enormous promise in accelerating breakthroughs in understanding human development, drug screening, disease modeling and cell and gene therapies. Their potential, however, has been bottlenecked in a mostly laboratory setting due to bioprocess challenges in the scale-up of large quantities of high-quality cells for clinical and manufacturing purposes. While several studies have investigated the production of hiPSCs in bioreactors, the use of conventional horizontal-impeller, paddle and rocking-wave mixing mechanisms have demonstrated unfavourable hydrodynamic environments for hiPSC growth and quality maintenance. This study focused on using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to aid in characterizing and optimizing the use of vertical-wheel bioreactors for hiPSC production.MethodsThe vertical-wheel bioreactor was modeled with CFD simulation software Fluent at agitation rates between 20rpm and 100rpm. These models produced fluid flow patterns that mapped out a hydrodynamic environment to guide in the development of hiPSC inoculation and in-vessel aggregate dissociation protocols. The effect of single-cell inoculation on aggregate formation and growth was tested at select CFD modeled agitation rates and feeding regimes in the vertical-wheel bioreactor. An in-vessel dissociation protocol was developed through the testing of various proteolytic enzymes and agitation exposure times.ResultsCFD modeling demonstrated the unique flow pattern and homogeneous distribution of hydrodynamic forces produced in the vertical-wheel bioreactor, making it the opportune environment for systematic bioprocess optimization of hiPSC expansion. We developed a scalable, single-cell inoculation protocol for the culture of hiPSCs as aggregates in vertical-wheel bioreactors, achieving over 30-fold expansion in 6 days without sacrificing cell quality. We have also provided the first published protocol for in-vessel hiPSC aggregate dissociation, permitting the entire bioreactor volume to be harvested into single-cells for serial passaging into larger scale reactors. Importantly, the cells harvested and re-inoculated into scaled-up vertical-wheel bioreactors not only maintained consistent growth kinetics, they maintained a normal karyotype and pluripotent characterization and function.ConclusionsTaken together, these protocols provide a feasible solution for the culture of high quality hiPSCs at a clinical and manufacturing scale by overcoming some of the major documented bioprocess bottlenecks.
Intratracheal Transplantation of Trophoblast Stem Cells Attenuates Acute Lung Injury in Mice
Authors: Han Junwen , Li Gu , Hou Minmin , Kwon Min-Young , Xiong Kevin , Liang Xiaoliang , Taglauer Elizabeth , Shi Yuanyuan , Mitsialis S Alex , Kourembanas Stella , El-Chemaly Souheil , Rosas Ivan O , Perrella Mark A , Liu Xiaoli 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAcute lung injury (ALI) is a common lung disorder that affects millions of people every year. The infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lungs and death of the alveolar epithelial cells are key factors to trigger a pathological cascade. Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) have been shown to possess immune privilege, immunomodulation, and the potential of self-renewal and multipotency with differentiation into three germ layers. We hypothesized that intratracheal transplantation of TSCs may alleviate ALI.MethodsALI was induced by intratracheal delivery of Bleomycin (BLM) in mice. At day 3 after exposure to BLM, pre-labeled TSCs or Fibroblasts (FBs) were intratracheally administered into the lungs. At day 7 after exposure to BLM, histological analyses of the lungs were performed for inflammatory infiltrates, cell apoptosis, and engraftment of TSCs. Pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines of lung tissue and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were also assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays , respectively. Flow cytometry was utilized to assess engraftment of TSCs and cell apoptosis.Results Histological analyses of the lungs displayed a reduction in cellularity and less thickening of the alveolar walls in ALI mice that received TSCs compared with ALI mice receiving PBS or FBs. TSCs decreased infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and keratinocyte-derived chemokine in the injured lungs. The levels of IL-6 and MCP-1 in BALF were decreased in ALI mice receiving TSCs, compared with ALI mice that received PBS or FBs. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling confirmed that TSCs significantly reduced BLM-induced apoptosis of lung tissue in vivo and epithelial cells in vitro . Transplanted TSCs integrated into the alveolar walls and expressed aquaporin 5 and prosurfactant protein C, markers for alveolar epithelial type I and II cells, respectively. ConclusionIntratracheal transplantation of TSCs into the lungs of mice after acute exposure to BLM reduced pulmonary inflammation and cell death. Furthermore, TSCs engrafted into the alveolar walls to form alveolar epithelial type I and II cells. These data support the use of TSCs for the treatment of ALI.