bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontitis and self‐reported halitosis among young adults from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort
Authors: Silva Manuela F. , Nascimento Gustavo G. , Leite Fábio R.M. , Horta Bernardo L. , Demarco Flávio F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between periodontitis and self‐reported halitosis among young adults, and whether there is an interaction between the effects of smoking and periodontitis on halitosis.MethodsData from the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort, Brazil, were used. The controlled direct effect of periodontitis on self‐reported halitosis, not mediated by tongue coating, was estimated using marginal structural modeling. In addition, an interaction between the effects of smoking and periodontitis on halitosis was also tested. Confounders comprised sociodemographic information, obesity, diabetes, and oral hygiene habits.ResultsThe controlled direct effect of periodontitis on halitosis not mediated by tongue coating showed that individuals with periodontitis had 90% higher risk of self‐reporting halitosis (RR 1.90) compared to healthy individuals. Individuals with mild periodontitis had twice the risk of reporting halitosis than periodontally healthy individuals (RR 2.31). We also found an interaction between the effects of smoking and periodontitis on halitosis, as noted among smokers with mild (RR 2.91) and moderate‐to‐severe periodontitis (RR 5.84).ConclusionThere is a controlled direct effect of periodontitis on halitosis not mediated by tongue coating. Additionally, an interaction between the effects of smoking and periodontitis on halitosis was also detected.
Hyaline ring granuloma of the mouth—A foreign‐body reaction that dentists should be aware of
Authors: Kimura Talita de Carvalho , Carneiro Mailon Cury , Coelho Yuri Fernando Sampaio , de Sousa Suzana Cantanhede Orsini Machado , Veltrini Vanessa Cristina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHyaline ring granuloma (HRG) is a rare and atypical foreign‐body granulomatous chronic inflammatory condition. Our aim was to make a critical review of the literature cases and also to illustrate histochemical and immunohistochemical findings of a new case. A modified PICO strategy was used. Inclusion criteria were met by case reports and case series with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of HRG, necessarily in mouth or maxillary bones. Exclusion criteria were no access to the full‐text paper. The search was done up to 2019, totalizing 231 selected cases in 54 papers. The new case was analyzed through PAS, Azan‐Mallory's trichrome, and CD34 and CD68 reactions. HRG is found mainly in the mandible of men, edentulous and prosthesis users, between 51 and 60 years of age, with 0.5–120 months of duration, usually causing edema and pain or discomfort. Endogenous and exogenous theories may be complementary in HRG. Eosinophilic areas could represent particles of vegetal origin, while the hyaline material could be the result of collagen degradation. Considering the material is not always present or even is ring‐shaped, we suggest the change from “hyaline ring granuloma” to “granuloma induced by vegetal inoculation.”
Structural defence is coupled with the leaf economic spectrum across saplings of spiny species
Authors: Armani Mohammed , Goodale Uromi M. , Charles‐Dominique Tristan , Barton Kasey E. , Yao Xin , Tomlinson Kyle W. 
Published: January 2020

Given that the rate of resource capture constrains plant growth and defence, understanding the linkage between the leaf economic spectrum (LES) and defence and how it contributes to growth is central to predicting species performance. In spite of the prevalence of spiny plants in many plant communities, little is known about how the LES relates to defence and growth rate across these species. We grew 42 spiny species, from diverse environments, under common garden conditions for 15 weeks and measured LES (leaf N, SLA and assimilation rate), defence and growth traits. We assessed general relationships between LES and growth rate and tested whether structural defences (spines, leaf fibre and lignin content) and quantitative chemical defences (condensed tannins) are linked to the LES and growth and if different spine types (i.e. leaf spines, stipular spines, prickles and thorns), with distinct anatomical origins, partition out across the LES. We observed two independent trait axes that together explained ~68% of trait variation across species. The first axis showed that structural defences (spines, leaf fibre and lignin content) trade off with leaf productivity along the LES. Axis 2 revealed that condensed tannins is orthogonal and less integrated with the LES‐structural defence axis. Bivariate trait analyses disclosed positive covariations between LES traits and sapling growth rate. All structural defence traits were negatively related to sapling growth. Across spine types, species with leaf spines were associated with the conservative end of the LES, characterized by high structural defences and lower leaf productivity relative to other spine types.Synthesis: Our study shows that the LES and structural defences are coupled in spiny species such that constitutive growth – defence strategies range from fast‐growing species with low allocation to defences to slow‐growing species that invest heavily in structural defences (dominated by leaf spiny species).
Management of trigeminal neuralgia. A comparison of two techniques
Authors: Kheirallah M. , Ozzo S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTrigeminal neuralgia is a neuropathic disorder characterised by episodes of intense pain in the face. There are various treatment modalities, but none of them provides permanent pain relief. The study aims to investigate the efficacy of alcohol nerve block and cryosurgery in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and evaluate the outcomes in the period of 5 years follow‐up.MethodsA total of 108 patients presented with the features of trigeminal neuralgia were included. These individuals were treated with neurolysis therapy using peripheral ethyl alcohol injections and cryosurgery. However, only inferior alveolar nerve and the infraorbital nerve were considered for a better understanding of the outcomes. Every patient was given the treatment, alternatively.ResultsThe results have shown that 56.5% of the patients had pain on the right side, 38% had pain on the left side and 5.6% had pain on both sides. Whereas none of the patients had pain in the ophthalmic division. The higher percentage of pain relief was in the groups using alcohol nerve block, while the higher percentage of pain relief was in the groups using cryosurgery. There were significant differences in the duration of pain relief degrees between the alcohol nerve block group and the cryosurgery group. Moreover, the duration of pain relief in the alcohol nerve block was higher than those of the cryosurgery.ConclusionThe results indicated that alcohol nerve block was a better choice for trigeminal neuralgia as it gave long‐lasting results and maximum patient satisfaction.
Burdens of transparency: An analysis of public sector internal auditing
Authors: Liston‐Heyes Catherine , Juillet Luc 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTransparency is largely seen as essential to public sector accountability. Yet, information disclosure also generates unintended consequences that may prove detrimental to the workings of some accountability processes. In this light, we investigate the views of Canadian public sector internal auditors, a subset of professionals fulfilling an important accountability function. We show that concerns surrounding disclosure requirements are prevalent. We demonstrate that internal auditors who see public disclosure requirements as a barrier to their effectiveness are more likely to be and/or perceive their organization to be risk averse, to feel professionally isolated and to favour a greater role for data analytics in accountability processes. However, auditors who would like to see their profession play a greater advisory role in their organization view public disclosure in a more positive light. We argue that understanding who is resisting helps identify threats to accountability mechanisms, improves the design of transparency policies and facilitates implementation.
What is la force in Simone Weil’s Iliad?
Authors: Levy D.K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWeil’s essay on Homer’s Iliad contains a philosophical analysis of la force that divides it into two phenomena with one metaphysical ground. Her analysis is a corrective to misunderstandings of force as something that can be possessed. The first half of my elaboration of Weil’s analysis is devoted to the phenomena she identifies in relation to la force, which I call might. In the second half, I elaborate the varieties of misunderstanding of la force. First, might is an illusion sustained by the shared belief of those in submission to might. Second, forces, i.e. the material forces on which weaponry depends, cannot be possessed. Third, what lies behind material forces is necessity, a third meaning of la force, which functions as a superordinate or ultimate force to which everyone and everything is subject. Understanding the last of these is the corrective that Weil means to present.
Long‐Term Care Insurance Adoption in East Asia: Politics, Ideas, and Institutions
Authors: Maags Christina 
Published: January 2020

Adopción de seguros de cuidados a largo plazo en Asia oriental: política, ideas, e institucionesDesde la década de 1990, Japón, Corea del Sur y Taiwán han adoptado sistemas de seguro social LTC (LTCI) para enfrentar la creciente “crisis de envejecimiento” en sus países. La investigación comparativa sugiere la difusión del modelo japonés entre los estados del este asiático. Combinando el aprendizaje de políticas, el establecimiento de la agenda y los enfoques institucionalistas históricos, este estudio examina comparativamente cómo los procesos ideológicos e institucionales han impactado la competencia política y, en última instancia, la adopción de LTCI en Japón, Corea del Sur y Taiwán. Sostengo que el diseño LTCI de cada país difiere mucho entre sí, mostrando formas distintivas de bricolaje institucional, no isomorfismo institucional. En este proceso, el tiempo ha sido un factor crucial. El tiempo afecta los procesos ideológicos, institucionales y políticos de manera diferente. El peso relativo de los procesos ideológicos e institucionales en un momento particular en el tiempo y su evolución a lo largo del tiempo tiene un impacto significativo sobre si se produce un cambio de política y si este cambio puede socavar gradualmente la lógica de los regímenes de bienestar.
Health insurance and its impact on the survival rates of breast cancer patients in Synthea
Authors: Scalfani Robert , Bhada Shamsnaz V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe goal of this project was to build policy modules in a synthetic health system to analyze how healthcare policy impacts breast cancer survival rates. To do any inference regarding healthcare policy, researchers need secure and protected health data, which are restricted by privacy laws and interoperability issues. Synthetic health systems generate and help investigate health data without concerns of violating legal restrictions (HIPAA). In this research, we programmed health insurance and loss‐of‐care modules into a synthetic health system simulator (Synthea) to simulate and analyze the impact of health insurance on breast cancer survival rates. Our goal was for our health insurance and loss‐of‐care implementations to be realistic and reflective of the real world, in which we were successful.
Rural teacher leadership in science and mathematics
Authors: Lotter Christine , Yow Jan A. , Lee Melinda , Zeis Jodi G. , Irvin Matthew J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study adds to our understanding of science and mathematics teacher leadership in rural schools. Through In Vivo and Concept coding of teacher interviews, we investigated 20 secondary science and mathematics teachers' perceptions of rural teacher leadership during their participation in a three‐year professional development program. As the teachers developed as teacher leaders, they broadened their focus from improving their own students' learning to sharing new knowledge learned through the program with other teachers both informally and formally. We compared our program components to the Teacher Leader Model Standards and added an emphasis on the importance of disciplinary content knowledge. We also identified patterns in science and mathematics teacher leadership that are contextually connected to teachers' instruction in rural high poverty schools. Rural teacher leadership included the importance of building strong teacher–student relationships, providing new academic opportunities for students, encouraging students' success, and building community connections.
Characterization of an alkylresorcinol synthase that forms phenolics accumulating in the cuticular wax on various organs of rye (Secale cereale)
Authors: Sun Yulin , Yao Ruonan , Ji Xiufeng , Wu Hongqi , Luna Alvaro , Wang Zhonghua , Jetter Reinhard 
Published: January 2020

SummaryAlkylresorcinols are bioactive compounds produced in diverse plant species, with chemical structures combining an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain and an aromatic ring with characteristic hydroxyl substituents. Here, we aimed to isolate and characterize the enzyme that forms the alkylresorcinols accumulating in the cuticular wax on the surface of all above‐ground organs of rye. Based on sequence homology with other type‐III polyketide synthases, a candidate alkylresorcinol synthase was cloned. Yeast heterologous expression showed that the enzyme, ScARS, is highly specific for the formation of the aromatic resorcinol ring structure, through aldol condensation analogous to stilbene synthases. The enzyme accepts long‐chain and very‐long‐chain acyl‐CoA starter substrates, preferring saturated over unsaturated chains. It typically carries out three rounds of condensation with malonyl‐CoA prior to cyclization, with only very minor activity for a fourth round of malonyl‐CoA condensation and cyclization to 5‐(2′‐oxo)‐alkylresorcinols or 5‐(2′‐hydroxy)‐alkylresorcinols. Like other enzymes involved in cuticle formation, ScARS is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. ScARS expression patterns were found correlated with alkylresorcinol accumulation during leaf development and across different rye organs. Overall, our results thus suggest that ScARS synthesizes the cuticular alkylresorcinols found on diverse rye organ surfaces.
Satellite DNA landscapes after allotetraploidization of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) reveal unique A and B subgenomes
Authors: Heitkam Tony , Weber Beatrice , Walter Ines , Liedtke Susan , Ost Charlotte , Schmidt Thomas 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIf two related plant species hybridize, their genomes may be combined and duplicated within a single nucleus, thereby forming an allotetraploid. How the emerging plant balances two co‐evolved genomes is still a matter of ongoing research. Here, we focus on satellite DNA (satDNA), the fastest turn‐over sequence class in eukaryotes, aiming to trace its emergence, amplification, and loss during plant speciation and allopolyploidization. As a model, we used Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (quinoa), an allopolyploid crop with 2n = 4x = 36 chromosomes. Quinoa originated by hybridization of an unknown female American Chenopodium diploid (AA genome) with an unknown male Old World diploid species (BB genome), dating back 3.3–6.3 million years. Applying short read clustering to quinoa (AABB), C. pallidicaule (AA), and C. suecicum (BB) whole genome shotgun sequences, we classified their repetitive fractions, and identified and characterized seven satDNA families, together with the 5S rDNA model repeat. We show unequal satDNA amplification (two families) and exclusive occurrence (four families) in the AA and BB diploids by read mapping as well as Southern, genomic, and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Whereas the satDNA distributions support C. suecicum as possible parental species, we were able to exclude C. pallidicaule as progenitor due to unique repeat profiles. Using quinoa long reads and scaffolds, we detected only limited evidence of intergenomic homogenization of satDNA after allopolyploidization, but were able to exclude dispersal of 5S rRNA genes between subgenomes. Our results exemplify the complex route of tandem repeat evolution through Chenopodium speciation and allopolyploidization, and may provide sequence targets for the identification of quinoa's progenitors.
Global impact of loss of confidence in Asian emerging markets
Authors: Fernando Roshen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith the interest rate hike in the US and, more recently, in the UK, sudden stops in investments and capital reversals are apparent in the Asian emerging economies. A modelling approach is taken, using the G‐Cubed model, to simulate the potential global economic impacts, with a focus on Asia. The results demonstrate that myopic fiscal interventions in Asian emerging economies could result in short‐term stimulus, at the expense of long‐term growth. The stimulus in advanced economies too would be short‐lived, diverting the benefits to unintended fractions in the global economy. Advanced economies that minimally change their trade and investment patterns tend to avoid distortionary impacts of the crisis.
Trade shocks, product mix adjustment and productivity growth in Italian manufacturing
Authors: Ladu Maria Gabriela , Linarello Andrea , Oropallo Filippo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we use firm‐level data on the universe of Italian manufacturing multi‐product exporters to test whether demand shocks in export markets lead multi‐product exporters to increase their productivity. The main mechanism behind the documented productivity gains is the reallocation of resources across products within firms (American Economic Review, 104, 2014 and 495; National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series No. 22433, 2016). Intuitively, the increased demand stemming from foreign markets will induce firms to adjust their product mix by moving inputs from low to high productive/profitable uses. We find that these productivity gains are significant and can explain between 1/10 and 1/2 of aggregate productivity growth in the manufacturing sector.
Ready to export? The role of export readiness for superior export performance of small and medium‐sized enterprises
Authors: Gerschewski Stephan , Scott‐Kennel Joanna , Rose Elizabeth L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDrawing on the entrepreneurship perspective and the network‐based view on internationalisation, this exploratory study contributes to our understanding of why some exporters succeed while others do not, through an empirical examination of export readiness factors. The paper provides an operationalisation of export readiness for small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Based on a sample of 96 New Zealand SMEs, we find that export readiness is a complex construct involving finance, trade and exchange, and marketing. The study provides evidence that internal export stimuli are important antecedents of export readiness, while factors traditionally assumed to be critical to export success, such as importing and pre‐export domestic expansion, may not be prerequisites to being export‐ready. Finally, the study examines the link between export readiness and subsequent, initial export performance and finds a strong, positive relationship. Our study contributes to the export literature by providing a deeper and more integrated understanding of the antecedents of export readiness in a small, open economy, and its implications for subsequent export performance.
Services trade and credit frictions: Evidence with matched bank–firm data
Authors: Bripi Francesco , Loschiavo David , Revelli Davide 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe effects of credit supply shocks on the exports of services are not clear a priori. On the one hand, services need lower initial investment in physical capital than manufacturing. On the other hand, competitiveness for exporting services requires investments in intangible capital and in product customisation that may be subject to credit frictions. Using Italian matched bank–firm data and focusing on the sovereign debt crisis, we find an elasticity of services exports to credit supply, between 0.3 and 0.4. The effects of credit shocks are especially relevant for firms exporting complex services to countries with weaker institutions and for services that are not the main product of the firms. Overall, our results suggest that credit supply plays a relevant role for exporting services during crises.
Increasing market power in Slovenia: Role of diverging trends between exporters and non‐exporters
Authors: Damijan Joze , Konings Jozef , Yergabulova Aigerim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper documents the evolution of markups in a small open economy, Slovenia, using a comprehensive data set covering the full population of firms. It makes three novel contributions to the literature. First, in contrast to other work for Europe, we find that markups have increased from 1.05 to 1.19 between 1994 and 2015. Second, while other research so far found exporters typically to have higher markups, we find the opposite in Slovenia. Though the rise in markups occurs both with exporters and non‐exporters, there is a consistent diverging trend in markups in favour of non‐exporters since 1999. This can be attributed to increased competitive pressure faced by exporters following the comprehensive trade liberalisation after 1999 and their increased participation in global value chains. Third, we decompose aggregate markups and show that the increase in markups, for both exporters and non‐exporters, is mainly driven by the within component rather than the reallocation effect. This suggests that all firms were increasing their markups, rather than high‐markup firms increasing their market share over time.
What makes a successful exporter? An introduction
Authors: Castellani Davide , Damijan Jože , Kostevc Črt 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe papers in this issue continue with the tradition of adding puzzles pieces to the overall picture of the impact and importance of firm international activities. In "What makes a successful exporter?", we have collected twelve papers, the majority of which were presented at the 13th annual ISGEP workshop in Ljubljana, Slovenia on 20–21 September 2018. The common thread linking these papers is that they explore both what it means to be an exporter and the ramifications of exporting on firms and the economy as a whole. On the one hand, this special issue addresses the role of foreign sourcing, export experience in the board of directors and credit supply shocks on the propensity to export, as well as the factors that affect firms' overall readiness to export. On the other hand, it investigates various measures of performance in the export markets, such as export duration, markups, quality upgrading and product mix.