bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The distribution of herbivores between leaves matches their performance only in the absence of competitors
Authors: Godinho Diogo P. , Janssen Arne , Li Dan , Cruz Cristina , Magalhães Sara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFew studies have tested how plant quality and the presence of competitors interact in determining how herbivores choose between different leaves within a plant. We investigated this in two herbivorous spider mites sharing tomato plants: Tetranychus urticae, which generally induces plant defenses, and Tetranychus evansi, which suppresses them, creating asymmetrical effects on coinfesting competitors. On uninfested plants, both herbivore species preferred young leaves, coinciding with increased mite performance. On plants with heterospecifics, the mites did not prefer leaves on which they had a better performance. In particular, T. urticae avoided leaves infested with T. evansi, which is in agreement with T. urticae being outcompeted by T. evansi. In contrast, T. evansi did not avoid leaves with the other species, but distributed itself evenly over plants infested with heterospecifics. We hypothesize that this behavior of T. evansi may prevent further spread of T. urticae over the shared plant. Our results indicate that leaf age determines within‐plant distribution of herbivores only in absence of competitors. Moreover, they show that this distribution depends on the order of arrival of competitors and on their effects on each other, with herbivores showing differences in behavior within the plant as a possible response to the outcome of those interactions.
Ruthenium Nanoparticles Uniformly‐designed Chemically Treated Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Dopamine and Acetaminophen
Authors: Abdelwahab Adel A. , Naggar Ahmed H. , Abdelmotaleb Mohamed , Emran Mohammed Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA new nanocomposite based on ruthenium nanoparticles (RuNPs) uniformly designed at chemically treated graphene oxide nanosheets (CTGONS) was prepared as active electrode for simultaneously sensing of dopamine (DA) and acetaminophen (AC) in the presence of high concentration of ascorbic acid (AA). The RuNPs actively decorates the CTGONS with uniform dispersion like pump sputtering of paints. The CTGONS of hexagonal nanosheets, 2D orientation, chemically treated to the reduced forms and active decoration by RuNPs lead to formation of high catalytic active sites and high loading of targets at the electrode surface. The suitable accommodation of RuNPs/CTGONS to fast response of targets ascertains a high catalytic activity, and fast charge transport. The RuNPs/CTGONS nanocomposite shows an obvious catalytic oxidation signal for DA and AC. The highly sensitive and selective electrode was designed based on RuNPs/CTGONS due to the large peak potentials separation of DA to AC of 0.22 V with sufficient electron mediating behavior. Moreover, the nanocomposite electrode shows individual and simultaneous determination of DA and AC with linear calibration plots from 5–120 μM and 10–120 μM, where their detection limits were calculated to be 0.018±0.002 and 0.023±0.003 μM, respectively. Finally, the analytical application of the RuNPs/CTGONS electrode was applied for the determination of DA and AC in the serum of human blood.
Exploring the ways in which COVID‐19 and lockdown has affected the lives of adult patients with anorexia nervosa and their carers
Authors: Clark Bryan Danielle , Macdonald Pamela , Ambwani Suman , Cardi Valentina , Rowlands Katie , Willmott Daniel , Treasure Janet 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis qualitative study explores the ways in which the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and associated lockdown measures have affected the lives of adult patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and their carers.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with patients with AN (n = 21) and carers (n = 28) from the start of UK Government imposed lockdown. Data related directly to the impact of lockdown and COVID‐19 were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFour broad themes were identified for patients and carers separately. Patients experienced: 1. reduced access to eating disorder (ED) services; 2. disruption to routine and activities in the community; 3. heightened psychological distress and ED symptoms; 4. increased attempts at self‐management in recovery. Carer themes included: 1. concern over provision of professional support for patients; 2. increased practical demands placed on carers in lockdown; 3. managing new challenges around patient wellbeing; 4. new opportunities.ConclusionsReduced access to ED services, loss of routine and heightened anxieties and ED symptoms resulting from COVID‐19 and lockdown measures presented challenges for patients and carers. Increased remote support by ED services enabled the continuation of treatment and self‐management resources and strategies promoted self‐efficacy in both groups.
Improved dynamic connection detection power in estimated dynamic functional connectivity considering multivariate dependencies between brain regions
Authors: Maleki Balajoo Somayeh , Asemani Davud , Khadem Ali , Soltanian‐Zadeh Hamid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo estimate dynamic functional connectivity (dFC), the conventional method of sliding window correlation (SWC) suffers from poor performance of dynamic connection detection. This stems from the equal weighting of observations, suboptimal time scale, nonsparse output, and the fact that it is bivariate. To overcome these limitations, we exploited the kernel‐reweighted logistic regression (KELLER) algorithm, a method that is common in genetic studies, to estimate dFC in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) data. KELLER can estimate dFC through estimating both spatial and temporal patterns of functional connectivity between brain regions. This paper compares the performance of the proposed KELLER method with current methods (SWC and tapered‐SWC (T‐SWC) with different window lengths) based on both simulated and real rs‐fMRI data. Estimated dFC networks were assessed for detecting dynamically connected brain region pairs with hypothesis testing. Simulation results revealed that KELLER can detect dynamic connections with a statistical power of 87.35% compared with 70.17% and 58.54% associated with T‐SWC (p‐value = .001) and SWC (p‐value <.001), respectively. Results of these different methods applied on real rs‐fMRI data were investigated for two aspects: calculating the similarity between identified mean dynamic pattern and identifying dynamic pattern in default mode network (DMN). In 68% of subjects, the results of T‐SWC with window length of 100 s, among different window lengths, demonstrated the highest similarity to those of KELLER. With regards to DMN, KELLER estimated previously reported dynamic connection pairs between dorsal and ventral DMN while SWC‐based method was unable to detect these dynamic connections.
Does employee humility Foster performance and promotability? Exploring the mechanisms of LMX and peer network centrality in China
Authors: Li Ran , Zhang Hongyu , Zhu Xiji , Li Ning 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrior research has shown that humility in the workplace can provide many advantages. However, the literature has largely focused on leaders rather than employees. There is an important distinction between the two, because leaders have already achieved professional success that may or may not be due to humility (i.e., survivorship bias), whereas employees may feel pressure to focus on behaviors seemingly at odds with humility (i.e., getting ahead). Drawing on the social capital theory of career success, this study investigates whether and how humility helps employees achieve both short‐term (job performance) and long‐term (promotability) job success. We posit that, in the Chinese context, humility can promote employees’ objective job performance and promotability by accessing social resources from team leaders and coworkers. The beneficial effects can be explained by the mediating effects of leader–member exchange and employee advice network centrality. We conducted a path comparison on the relationship between the mediators and career success to further explain the mechanisms, and tested the model using a three‐wave survey with a sample of 689 employees and their leaders from 137 teams. Our findings largely support our theoretical predictions and extend our understanding of employee humility and career development.
Non‐conventional sources of agricultural water management: Insights from young professionals in the irrigation and drainage sector*
Authors: Amali Amali A. , Mersha Adey N. , Nofal Eman R. , Murray Kathleen , Norouzi Sahar , Saboory Shoaib , Salo Heidi , Chevuru Sneha R. , Sarai Tabrizi Mahdi , Reddy Paavan K. , Abdullahi Abdulrahman O. , Farahani Hassan , Kolhe Pravin , Dowlati Fard Reza , Salik Abdul W. , Hussein Abdullahi H. , Najafi Husain , Poormoghadam Mojtaba , Adiaha Monday 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDistribution and availability of global resources is highly variable over time and heterogeneous in space. With the natural or conventional supply of these resources no longer meeting a growing demand, the need to promote resource efficiency is now being paralleled with innovative approaches to conserve resources within their use cycle. These ‘innovative approaches’ herewith referred to as non‐conventional was the subject of a 10‐weeks extensive discussion among Young Professionals (YPs) in the field of irrigation and drainage. The discussion aligns to a higher objective of breeding a generation of YPs with an open mindset and multi‐disciplinary approach to the challenges in irrigation and drainage. Cutting across development corridors in the water sector, this review paper presents insights on non‐conventional sources of agricultural water management (AWM) as viewed from the lenses of YPs. The discussions underscore the need for broad‐based approaches to resource management, building on the premise that all forms of resources are linked to form a system that provides the most effective service when managed in an integrated fashion. Non‐conventional requires divergent approaches and flexibility; underlining the invaluable capabilities YPs present in AWM. Besides highlighting these roles, insights provided by YPs suggests that feeding a growing population necessitates looking beyond system efficiency to multivariate approaches of resource optimisation and utilisation in the field of irrigation and drainage.
Gamma‐irradiation‐induced testicular oxidative stress and apoptosis: Mitigation by l‐carnitine
Authors: Soliman Mohamed M. , Elshazly Samir A. , Aldhahrani Adil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe current study evaluated the potential ameliorative and protective impacts of l‐carnitine (L‐CAR) against γ‐irradiation (RAD)‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice testes. Male Swiss mice were allocated into four groups (n = 7). Group 1 served as a control that received saline intraperitoneally (IP). Group 2 received L‐CAR (10 mg/kg bw/day; IP in saline) for 17 days. Group 3 received saline for 17 days and on day 7 exposed to RAD at a dose of 0.1 Gy per day for consecutive 10 days. Group 4 (L‐CAR + RAD), received L‐CAR same as in group 2 and on day 7 exposed to RAD for consecutive 10 days. Testicular antioxidants (malondialdehyde, MDA; γ‐glutamyl‐cysteine synthetase, gGCS; and catalase) were altered by γ‐irradiation. Preadministration of L‐CAR protected γ‐irradiated mice from altered changes induced by γ‐irradiation. γ‐Irradiation affected the mRNA expression of pro‐apoptotic, apoptotic, and anti‐apoptotic genes (c‐jun, c‐fos, Bcl‐xl, caspase‐3, and BAX). All altered genes were ameliorated by prior l‐carnitine administration to γ‐irradiated mice. Testicular cells showed deformities and edema with congestion in seminiferous tubules and strong immunoreactivity for caspase‐9 and a decrease in immunoreactivity of Bcl‐2 in histological and immunohistochemical examination. Prior administration of L‐CAR to γ‐irradiated mice protected this group from reported changes in caspase‐9 and Bcl‐2 immunostaining. In conclusion, the current study provides evidence for the protective and ameliorative impacts of L‐CAR against γ‐irradiation‐induced testicular oxidative stress and apoptosis at biochemical, molecular, and cellular levels.
40 years and beyond for the National Society of Genetic Counselors: Reflections on genetic counseling practice
Authors: Uhlmann Wendy R. , Hoskovec Jennifer , Freivogel Mary 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) was established in 1979 and has grown from a small dedicated group of genetic counselors to over 5,000 certified genetic counselors in 2019. During this time period, there have been tremendous advances in the practice of genetic counseling, the availability of genetic testing, and the use of technology. These advances have significantly changed our roles and responsibilities and have contributed to the expansion and diversification of our field in clinical and non‐clinical work settings. The launch of genetic counseling services in prenatal, pediatric, and adult genetics clinics has expanded to many medical specialties. Genetic counselors are also working in industry, public health, policy, education, research, and other work settings. With growth into new areas and the significant increase in the number of practitioners, genetic counselors have established themselves professionally and created opportunities where they can not only contribute to the delivery of quality genetic services, but lead the way. The counseling skills that are a core part of training as genetic counselors will continue to have broad application in diverse work settings and roles. Looking to the future, genetic counselors need to proactively consider tasks that artificial intelligence and other technologies can accomplish so that genetic counselors have the bandwidth to use their expertise to successfully and efficiently meet the growing demands for genetic counseling services. During the 40th anniversary celebration at the 2019 NSGC Annual Conference, three of NSGC’s past presidents reflected on the early years of NSGC and clinical practice, recognized key accomplishments and where the profession stands today, and shared thoughts about the future of genetic counseling. Videos of the actual talks can be accessed by internet search ‘NSGC Celebrates 40 Years’ (https://www.nsgc.org/p/bl/et/blogid=53&blogaid=1162). A timeline of the genetic counseling profession is available at https://www.nsgc.org/page/nsgc‐timeline.
Pathogenic genetic variations of C. acnes are associated with clinically relevant orthopedic shoulder infections
Authors: Boyle K. Keely , Marzullo Brandon J. , Yergeau Donald A. , Nodzo Scott R. , Crane John K. , Duquin Thomas R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany surgeons continue to face the clinical dilemma of interpreting a positive aspiration or unexpected positive Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) culture. There are factors that complicate the interpretation of positive cultures including variations in both frequency of false positive cultures and virulence properties. As indices of virulence, hemolytic strains, from previously confirmed clinically infected shoulders, were compared with non‐hemolytic isolates determined to be contaminants, by RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐Seq). Six C. acnes isolates from patients who underwent revision total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) were identified based on previously described infection criteria. Three C. acnes isolates from each group underwent RNA‐Seq. Differential gene expression analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and heatmap analysis were used to determine the gene variation and patterning between the definite infection and probable contaminant isolates. Differential gene expression analysis identified genes that were differentially expressed between the isolates classified as definite infection and isolates classified as probable contaminants. PCA using a 500 gene subset of identified genes was able to find combinations of these genes that separated out the definite infection and probable contaminants isolates. The heatmap demonstrated similar gene expression in the three Definite Infections isolates, and significantly different expression when compared with the probable contaminant isolates. Clinical significance: C. acnes revision TSA isolates classified as definite infection and probable contaminant demonstrated a similar gene expression pattern to each respective group and different gene expression pattern when compared between groups. These findings indicate distinct differences in C. acnes strains associated with clinically relevant orthopedic TSA infections.
Shear Wave Elasticity Differentiation Between Low‐ and High‐Grade Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma and Correlation With Collagen Fiber Content
Authors: Huang Xing Zhi , Zhou Ai Yun , Liu Min Wei , Zhang Yan , Xu Pan 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the differences in the shear wave elasticity and collagen fiber content between low‐ and high‐grade bladder urothelial carcinoma and study the relationship between elasticity and the content of collagen fiber.MethodsA total of 66 patients with bladder tumors who were referred to our hospital underwent transrectal or transvaginal conventional ultrasound and shear wave elasticity examinations. After bladder urothelial carcinoma was pathologically confirmed, 34 cases of low‐grade and 32 cases of high‐grade carcinoma were enrolled. The specimens underwent Masson trichrome staining, and image‐processing software was used to quantitatively analyze the area of collagen fiber.ResultsBased on conventional ultrasound, the low‐ and high‐grade groups were similar in the number, location, interior echoes, basal portion, size, and vascularity (P > .05); nevertheless, the difference in the surface condition (smooth or rough) was statistically significant (P = .03). The high‐grade group had significantly higher maximum and mean elasticity than the low‐grade group (P < .01). The percentage of the collagen fiber area in the high‐grade group was significantly higher than that in the low‐grade group (mean ± SD, 11.45% ± 1.66% versus 7.64% ± 0.70%; P = .01). There was a positive correlation between maximum elasticity, mean elasticity, and the percentage of the collagen fiber area (r = 0.75 and 0.52, respectively; P < .01).ConclusionsShear wave elasticity can be used to differentiate between low‐ and high‐grade bladder urothelial carcinoma. The elasticity of lesions has a close correlation with the content of collagen fiber, which may have an important impact on tissue stiffness and the development of bladder cancer.
Application and limitation of radiomics approach to prognostic prediction for lung stereotactic body radiotherapy using breath‐hold CT images with random survival forest: A multi‐institutional study
Authors: Kakino Ryo , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Mitsuyoshi Takamasa , Shintani Takashi , Kokubo Masaki , Negoro Yoshiharu , Fushiki Masato , Ogura Masakazu , Itasaka Satoshi , Yamauchi Chikako , Otsu Shuji , Sakamoto Takashi , Sakamoto Masato , Araki Norio , Hirashima Hideaki , Adachi Takanori , Matsuo Yukinori , Mizowaki Takashi 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo predict local recurrence (LR) and distant metastasis (DM) in early stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in multiple institutions using breath‐hold computed tomography (CT)‐based radiomic features with random survival forest.MethodsA total of 573 primary early stage NSCLC patients who underwent SBRT between January 2006 and March 2016 and met the eligibility criteria were included in this study. Patients were divided into two datasets: training (464 patients in 10 institutions) and test (109 patients in one institution) datasets. A total of 944 radiomic features were extracted from manually segmented gross tumor volumes (GTVs). Feature selection was performed by analyzing inter‐segmentation reproducibility, GTV correlation, and inter‐feature redundancy. Nine clinical factors, including histology and GTV size, were also used. Three prognostic models (clinical, radiomic, and combined) for LR and DM were constructed using random survival forest (RSF) to deal with total death as a competing risk in the training dataset. Robust models with optimal hyper‐parameters were determined using fivefold cross‐validation. The patients were dichotomized into two groups based on the median value of the patient‐specific risk scores (high‐ and low‐risk score groups). Gray's test was used to evaluate the statistical significance between the two risk score groups. The prognostic power was evaluated by the concordance index with the 95% confidence intervals (CI) via bootstrapping (2000 iterations).ResultsThe concordance indices at 3 yr of clinical, radiomic, and combined models for LR were 0.57 [CI: 0.39–0.75], 0.55 [CI: 0.38–0.73], and 0.61 [CI: 0.43–0.78], respectively, whereas those for DM were 0.59 [CI: 0.54–0.79], 0.67 [CI: 0.54–0.79], and 0.68 [CI: 0.55–0.81], respectively, in the test dataset. The combined DM model significantly discriminated its cumulative incidence between high‐ and low‐risk score groups (P < 0.05). The variable importance of RSF in the combined model for DM indicated that two radiomic features were more important than other clinical factors. The feature maps generated on the basis of the most important radiomic feature had visual difference between high‐ and low‐risk score groups.ConclusionsThe radiomics approach with RSF for competing risks using breath‐hold CT‐based radiomic features might predict DM in early stage NSCLC patients who underwent SBRT although that may not have potential to predict LR.
Diffusion‐prepared 3D gradient spin‐echo sequence for improved oscillating gradient diffusion MRI
Authors: Wu Dan , Liu Dapeng , Hsu Yi‐Cheng , Li Haotian , Sun Yi , Qin Qin , Zhang Yi 
Published: July 2020

PurposeOscillating gradient (OG) enables the access of short diffusion times for time‐dependent diffusion MRI (dMRI); however, it poses several technical challenges for clinical use. This study proposes a 3D oscillating gradient–prepared gradient spin‐echo (OGprep‐GRASE) sequence to improve SNR and shorten acquisition time for OG dMRI on clinical scanners.MethodsThe 3D OGprep‐GRASE sequence consisted of global saturation, diffusion encoding, fat saturation, and GRASE readout modules. Multiplexed sensitivity‐encoding reconstruction was used to correct the phase errors between multiple shots. We compared the scan time and SNR of the proposed sequence and the conventional 2D‐EPI sequence for OG dMRI at 30‐90‐mm slice coverage. We also examined the time‐dependent diffusivity changes with OG dMRI acquired at frequencies of 50 Hz and 25 Hz and pulsed‐gradient dMRI at diffusion times of 30 ms and 60 ms.ResultsThe OGprep‐GRASE sequence reduced the scan time by a factor of 1.38, and increased the SNR by 1.74‐2.27 times compared with 2D EPI for relatively thick slice coverage (60‐90 mm). The SNR gain led to improved diffusion‐tensor reconstruction in the multishot protocols. Image distortion in 2D‐EPI images was also reduced in GRASE images. Diffusivity measurements from the pulsed‐gradient dMRI and OG dMRI showed clear diffusion‐time dependency in the white matter and gray matter of the human brain, using both the GRASE and EPI sequences.ConclusionThe 3D OGprep‐GRASE sequence improved scan time and SNR and reduced image distortion compared with the 2D multislice acquisition for OG dMRI on a 3T clinical system, which may facilitate the clinical translation of time‐dependent dMRI.