bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermal Fungicide Exposure at Realistic Field Rates Induces Lethal and Sublethal Effects on Juvenile European Common Frogs (Rana temporaria)
Authors: Adams Elena , Gerstle Verena , Brühl Carsten A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Viticulture is one of the most pesticide-intensive agricultures in Europe, leading to a spatiotemporal overlap of amphibian migration and pesticide applications. Because postmetamorphic, terrestrial amphibian stages are mostly neglected in ecotoxicological studies, we investigated acute effects of viticultural fungicides on juvenile common frogs (Rana temporaria). Tadpoles from an uncontaminated pond were placed in enclosures in 8 ponds with an increasing degree of pesticide contamination in southwest Germany to represent different aquatic exposure backgrounds. After metamorphosis, juveniles were exposed to soil contaminated with 50% of the recommended field rates of the fungicides Folpan® 80 water dispersible granule (WDG) and Folpan® 500 suspension concentrate with the same amount of folpet as active ingredient and differing additives. After 48 h, effects on the survival, body mass, and behavior were investigated. No effect of the aquatic exposure background on terrestrial sensitivity could be detected. Acute terrestrial exposure led to mean mortality rates of 14% (13–17%, suspension concentrate) and 60% (17–100%, WDG) and resulted in adverse effects on locomotor activity as well as feeding behavior. Moreover, the results suggest that the toxicity of the 2 tested folpet formulations depends on their additives. Because the identified effects may result in severe impairments and thus in declines of amphibian populations, a more protective risk assessment of pesticides is needed for postmetamorphic amphibians to ensure proper conservation of amphibian populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1289–1297. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Effect of nicotinamide riboside on lipid metabolism and gut microflora‐bile acid axis in alcohol‐exposed mice
Authors: Yu Xiao , Xue Meilan , Liu Ying , Zhou Zhitong , Jiang Yushan , Sun Ting , Liang Hui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most common complication of alcohol abuse, while we lack safe and effective treatment for ALD. This study aimed to explore the effects of nicotinamide riboside (NR) on lipid metabolism and gut microflora‐bile acid axis in alcohol‐exposed mice. NR significantly improved liver histopathological damage and abnormal liver function. NR as a provider of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) increased the NAD+/NADH ratio. Meanwhile, NR inhibited the activation of the protein phosphatase 1 signaling pathway, decreased the liver triglyceride and total bile acid levels, and reduced lipid accumulation. According to the results of gut microflora species analysis, NR intervention changed the microbial community structure at the phylum, family and genus levels, and the species abundances returned to a level similar to these of the normal control group. Besides, the results of high‐performance liquid chromatograph‐mass spectrometry showed that NR intervention resulted in fecal bile acid levels tending to be normal with decreased chenodeoxycholic acid level and increased deoxycholic acid and hyocholic acid levels. Spearman's correlation analysis showed a correlation between gut microflora and bile acids. Therefore, NR supplementation has the potential to prevent ALD, and its mechanism may be related to regulating lipid metabolism disorders and the gut microflora‐bile acid axis.
Quantitatively monitoring acute ischemic stroke patients post recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment
Authors: Liu Yonge , Ma Jingting , Shi Qiyang , Xin Shimeng , Yu Haojia , Liu Zilong , Pang Chunsong , Dong Feng , Wang Jinghan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsThrombolytic therapy is widely used to treat acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. As intracerebral hemorrhage is a life‐threatening complication of this therapy, monitoring the fibrinolytic and coagulation systems is imperative. However, existing studies on plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) and thrombin‐antithrombin III complex (TAT) mostly apply the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The aim of this study is to establish the baseline of thrombolytic treatment for AIS patients; to monitor the fibrinolytic and coagulation system following alteplase administration; to ascertain the proper time point to predict intracerebral hemorrhage.MethodsThe method used to assess a patient's intravascular situation, namely chemiluminescence, was used to quantitatively assess the PIC, TAT, and thrombomodulin (TM). Immuno‐turbidimetric was used to assess the concentration of D‐dimer, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), and the Von Willebrand factor (vWF). The Clauss clotting method was used to assay the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and FIB.ResultsPIC increased to its peak concentration at 3 hours post intravenous (IV) alteplase infusion and decreased by nearly 50% every 3 hours thereafter. After 24 hours, PIC returned to its normal range, while D‐dimer and FDP decreased 3 hours later compared to PIC. PT and APTT exhibited no obvious change during the 24‐hour period. TM also exhibited no changes during the treatment.ConclusionPIC decreased 3 hours earlier than D‐dimer and FDP. The combined test of PIC, D‐dimer, and fibrinogen can be used to monitor the fibrinolytic system after the IV alteplase infusion. The use of IV alteplase had no impact on the endothelium. Creating a patient's individual data curve could assist in the prediction of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and a stroke occurring.
Emerging market debt and the COVID‐19 pandemic: A time–frequency analysis of spreads and total returns dynamics
Authors: Gubareva Mariya , Umar Zaghum 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe apply wavelet analyses to study the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on the performance of emerging market bonds, in both investment grade and high yield ranges of creditworthiness. Our results show varying level of coherence ranging from low, medium and high between the Coronavirus Media Coverage index and the price moves of the emerging market USD‐denominated debt. We attribute the intervals of low coherence levels to the diversification potential during a systemic pandemic such as COVID‐19 of investments in bonds issued by developing economies. We document differences in patterns exhibited by various indices describing behaviour of option‐adjusted spreads and total returns as a function of credit quality of issuers form emerging market economies. We report well‐defined zones of the regime switching between the lead and lag roles of the emerging market bonds vis‐à‐vis the media coverage.
3D QSAR studies on amphiphilic indoles for antimycobacterial activity
Authors: Bahuguna Aparna , Bharatam Prasad V. , Rawat Diwan S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA persistent infection prolongs treatment duration and also enhances the chance of resistance development against antibiotics. Recently, a class of amphiphilic indole derivatives was discovered exhibiting bactericidal activity against both growing and nongrowing Mycobacterium bovis BCG (M. bovis BCG). These antibacterials are suggested to disturb the integrity and functioning of the cell membrane, a property that can help eradicate persistent organisms. This study article describes field‐based three‐dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D‐QSAR) studies of 79 amphiphilic indole derivatives. The aim of this QSAR study is to optimize this class of compounds for the development of more potent antimycobacterial agents. The results obtained indicate that steric interactions are crucial for antimycobacterial activity, while hydrogen bond donor groups participate negligibly in activity. The derived 3D‐QSAR models showed acceptable r2 (0.91) and q2 (0.91) with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.08. The models were cross‐validated using the leave‐one‐out method. Applying the same QSAR model to another congeneric series of amphiphilic indoles externally validated the QSAR model. The model could appreciably predict the activity (pMIC50) of this congeneric series of amphiphilic indoles, with an RMSE of 0.49, indicating the robustness of the model and its efficiency in predicting the potentially active compounds.
Effect of consumption of whole egg and egg fractions on cardiovascular disease factors in adult rats
Authors: Chairuk Pilaipan , Zaman Raihan Uz , Naphatthalung Jomkarn , Jansakul Chaweewan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhile eggs are a low‐cost source of protein, rich in macro‐ and micronutrients, the association of egg intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial. This study investigated the effect of egg consumption on CVD parameters. Eggs were boiled, separated into four fractions (whole egg, 50% yolk‐reduced whole egg, egg yolk and egg white) and then freeze‐dried. The different egg fractions or distilled water (control) were orally gavaged to adult male Wistar rats at 1 g kg−1 rat body weight, each day for 8 weeks, following which basal blood pressure, heart rate, complete blood cell count, blood biochemistry, body fat and liver cell lipid accumulation were determined. The vascular functions of isolated thoracic aorta were studied using classical pharmacological techniques.RESULTSIn comparison to the control group, none of the egg fractions affected body weight, food intake, plasma glucose or lipid profile. The yolk group experienced increased plasma alkaline phosphatase and creatinine levels, while egg white caused decreased plasma cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen. Whole egg and egg yolk increased blood pressure and mean hemoglobin concentration and the yolk increased liver lipid accumulation. Egg white decreased the white blood cell count and body fat lipids. No changes were found in basal heart rate or vascular functions in any of the groups.CONCLUSIONSConsumption of whole egg or egg yolk at the dosage given caused hypertension, with impairment of liver and kidney functions following the intake of yolk alone. However, egg white is beneficial for the cardiovascular system as it decreased plasma cholesterol and body fat accumulation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Brewing rich 2‐phenylethanol beer from cassava and its producing metabolisms in yeast
Authors: Li Can , Dong Geyu , Bian Meng , Liu Xinli , Gong Jing , Hao Jingxin , Wang Wenquan , Li Kaimian , Ou Wenjun , Xia Tao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCassava is rich in nutrition and has high edible value, but the development of the cassava industry is limited by the traditional low added value processing and utilization mode. In this study, cassava tuber was used as beer adjunct to develop a complete set of fermentation technology for manufacturing cassava beer.RESULTSThe activities of transaminase, phenylpyruvate decarboxylase and dehydrogenase in 2‐phenylethanol Ehrlich biosynthesis pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were higher in cassava beer than that of malt beer. Aminotransferase ARO9 gene and phenylpyruvate decarboxylase ARO10 gene were up‐regulated in the late stage of fermentation, which indicated that they were the main regulated genes of 2‐phenylethanol Ehrlich pathway with phenylalanine as substrate in cassava beer preparation.CONCLUSIONSCompared with traditional wheat beer, cassava beer was similar in the content of nutrition elements, diacetyl, total acid, alcohol and carbon dioxide, but has the characteristics of fresh fragrance and better taste. The hydrocyanic acid contained in cassava root tubes was catabolized during fermentation and compliant with the safety standard of beverage. Further study found that the content of 2‐phenylethanol in cassava beer increased significantly, which gave cassava beer a unique elegant and delicate rose flavor. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Real‐time device tracking under MRI using an acousto‐optic active marker
Authors: Yaras Yusuf S. , Yildirim Dursun Korel , Herzka Daniel A. , Rogers Toby , Campbell‐Washburn Adrienne E. , Lederman Robert J. , Degertekin F. Levent , Kocaturk Ozgur 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis work aims to demonstrate the use of an “active” acousto‐optic marker with enhanced visibility and reduced radiofrequency (RF) ‐induced heating for interventional MRI.MethodsThe acousto‐optic marker was fabricated using bulk piezoelectric crystal and π‐phase shifted fiber Bragg grating (FBGs) and coupled to a distal receiver coil on an 8F catheter. The received MR signal is transmitted over an optical fiber to mitigate RF‐induced heating. A photodetector converts the optical signal into electrical signal, which is used as the input signal to the MRI receiver plug. Acousto‐optic markers were characterized in phantom studies. RF‐induced heating risk was evaluated according to ASTM 2182 standard. In vivo real‐time tracking capability was tested in an animal model under a 0.55T scanner.ResultsSignal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) levels suitable for real‐time tracking were obtained by using high sensitivity FBG and piezoelectric transducer with resonance matched to Larmor frequency. Single and multiple marker coils integrated to 8F catheters were readout for position and orientation tracking by a single acousto‐optic sensor. RF‐induced heating was significantly reduced compared to a coax cable connected reference marker. Real‐time distal tip tracking of an active device was demonstrated in an animal model with a standard real‐time cardiac MR sequence.ConclusionAcousto‐optic markers provide sufficient SNR with a simple structure for real‐time device tracking. RF‐induced heating is significantly reduced compared to conventional active markers. Also, multiple RF receiver coils connected on an acousto‐optic modulator can be used on a single catheter for determining catheter orientation and shape.
Muscle fiber size in healthy children and adults in relation to sex and fiber types
Authors: Esbjörnsson Mona E. , Dahlström Monica S. , Gierup Jan W. , Jansson Eva Ch. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn adult males, cross‐sectional area (CSA) for type II muscle fibers is generally larger than for type I fibers. In this cross‐sectional study the aim was to compare sex‐related CSAs of various muscle fiber types during childhood‐to‐adulthood transition.MethodsPercutaneous biopsy samples were obtained from vastus lateralis in 10‐y‐old children (10 males and 5 females) and in young adults (9 males and 7 females). Fiber types were classified by myofibrillar ATPase and CSAs from NADH‐dehydrogenase staining.ResultsType IIA were larger than type I fibers in adult males, but not in adult females or children (age x sex x fiber type, P < .002). When including all participants, body weight and sex explained 78% of the variation in type IIA CSA but only body weight contributed for type I.ConclusionsSex‐specific patterns in CSA of the muscle fiber types appears to develop during the transition from childhood to adulthood.
Morphometric analysis of nerve fibers in neural leprosy
Authors: Antunes Sérgio Luiz Gomes , Fazan Valéria Paula Sassoli , Jardim Márcia Rodrigues , dos Santos Pereira Mário José , da Costa Eduardo Alves Freire , Pascarelli Bernardo Oliveira , Hacker Mariana Andrea Vilasboas , Sarno Euzenir Nunes , Barreira Amilton Antunes 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study assesses the contributions of axonal degeneration and demyelination in leprosy nerve damage. New clinical strategies can emerge from an in‐depth understanding of the pathogenesis of neural leprosy (NL).MethodsMorphometric analysis of myelinated nerve fibers was performed on 44 nerve biopsy samples collected from leprosy patients. Measures of density, diameter distribution, g‐ratios, and the counting of axonal ovoids on the myelinated fibers were taken and compared to those in the control group.ResultsThe proportion of small myelinated fibers increased in the leprosy group while large fiber frequency decreased. Indicative of axonal atrophy, the g‐ratio was lower in the leprosy group. The frequency of axonal ovoids was identical to that found in the non‐leprosy neuropathies.ConclusionsAxonal atrophy, Wallerian degeneration, and demyelination coexist in NL. Axonal degeneration predominates over demyelination in the chronic course of the disease; however, this may change during leprosy reactive episodes. This study regards demyelination and axon degeneration as concurrent mechanisms of damage to nerve fibers in leprosy. It also calls into question the view that demyelination is the primary and predominant mechanism in the complex pathogeny of NL.
The Effect of Inland Saline Groundwater on Growth, Maturation, and Osmoregulation of Common Carp
Authors: Iffat Jahan , Tiwari V. K. , Pavan-Kumar A. , Verma A. K. , Harikrishna V. , Babitha Rani A. M. , Chadha N. K. , Anand Garima 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A 90-day experiment was conducted on Common Carp Cyprinus carpio in eight rectangular earthen ponds (21 × 10 × 1.50 m) for testing the effect of four groundwater salinities (0, 5, 10, and 15‰). At the end of the experiment, 100% survival was observed in all of the treatment groups. Somatic growth and reproductive performance were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) influenced by salinity. Both males and females showed a significantly higher gonadosomatic index (24.46 ± 4.11% [mean ± SE]) at 5‰ (P &lt; 0.05) compared with the fish that were kept in freshwater (15.92 ± 2.43%). The gonadal osmolality and osmolytes of the seminal and ovarian fluids increased in proportion to salinity. Ova diameter was inversely related to salinity. The incidence of spawning at 5‰ was significantly higher than at 0, 10, and 15‰. The gonadosomatic index was also significantly higher (30.15 ± 3.44%) at 5‰ followed by 0, 10, and 15‰, respectively. We concluded that the optimum salinity for the maturation of Common Carp is 5‰.
Coding Variants are Relevant to the Expression of Obesity‐Related Genes for Pediatric Adiposity
Authors: Mao Ke , Zhang Meixian , Cao Jinshuai , Zhao Xiaoyuan , Gao Liwang , Fu Liwan , Cheng Hong , Yan Chun , Xu Xiaopeng , Shi Xiaofeng , Jiang Zhuoyuan , Wang Bingqing , Zhang Yong‐Biao , Mi Jie 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveHeredity has a remarkable effect on obesity in an obesogenic environment. Despite the numerous genetic variants that contribute to obesity‐related traits, none has been identified in Chinese children. This study aimed to identify novel variants associated with childhood obesity in China.MethodsPromising single‐nucleotide variants were obtained using whole‐exome sequencing from 76 children who had obesity and 74 children with normal weight, and their associations with obesity‐related traits in an additional 6,334‐child cohort were investigated. The effects of the genome‐wide significant (P < 5E‐8) variants on the expression of the implicated genes in blood and adipose tissue were then depicted using transcriptome sequencing.ResultsTwo coding variants associated with obesity with genome‐wide significance were identified: rs1059491 (P = 2.57E‐28) in SULT1A2 and rs189326455 (P = 8.98E‐12) in MAP3K21. In addition, rs1059491 was also significantly associated with several obesity traits. Transcriptome sequencing demonstrated that rs1059491 and rs189326455 were expression quantitative trait loci relevant to the expression levels of several obesity‐related genes, such as SULT1A2, ATXN2L, TUFM, and MAP3K21.ConclusionsThis work identified two coding variants that were significantly associated with pediatric adiposity and were expression quantitative trait loci for obesity‐related genes. This study provides new insights into the pathophysiology of Chinese childhood obesity.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis: mind the airway
Authors: Oqueka Tim , Klose Hans , Iking‐Konert Christof , Schnoor Ulrike , Kluge Stefan , Simon Marcel 
Published: December 2020

Key messageGranulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a potentially life‐threatening disease that affects all ages. As the disease may be rapidly progressive, the undelayed recognition of its inflammatory activity is critical. This is especially important in central airway involvement, which contributes to morbidity and mortality.
Impact measurement based on repeated randomized control trials: The case of a training program to encourage social entrepreneurship
Authors: Åstebro Thomas , Hoos Florian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryDesigning effective entrepreneurship training programs is still a challenge despite the investments in training made by governments and private institutions, and its importance for economic growth. We report a case of impact measurement of a social entrepreneurship program based on repeated randomized controlled trials (RCTs), discuss challenges of conducting repeated RCTs, and implications for policy evaluation. Impact measures from the first edition of the program showed no detectable treatment effects. The second edition was adjusted by reducing leadership training and increasing traditional entrepreneurial skills training, and had strong treatment effects on entrepreneurial activities, the creation of a new venture during the program, and subsequent start‐up activity. Employing sequential field experiments can improve entrepreneurship training programs despite the challenges of executing RCTs in the field.Managerial SummaryGovernments, institutions, and businesses increasingly invest in innovative entrepreneurship training programs that tackle societal problems. However, we know very little about the effectiveness of such trainings. To measure the causal impact of a social entrepreneurship training program we use an experiment where we assign one group of applicants randomly to training. A comparable group is selected randomly to not obtain the training. There were no detectable differences between the two groups the first time the program was run. After substantial changes were made, where analytical skills training was boosted at the expense of a reduction in social leadership skills training and social entrepreneurial identity development, and individualized coaching intensified, we find a large impact on entrepreneurial activities, both during the program and 3 years later.
Kutane Muzinose der Kindheit
Authors: Eholzer Lisa , Oschlies Ilske , Berneburg Mark , Karrer Sigrid 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie kutane Muzinose der Kindheit ist eine sehr seltene Hauterkrankung mit nur wenigen beschriebenen Fällen in der Literatur. Wir berichten über einen 11-jährigen Jungen mit seit 9 Monaten bestehenden, asymptomatischen, hautfarbenen Papeln und Plaques am rechten Arm. Histologisch zeigten sich dermal und tief dermal zwischen den Kollagenbändern ausgeprägte Muzinablagerungen und Fibroblastenproliferationen. Da es sich bei der kutanen Muzinose der Kindheit um eine benigne Erkrankung mit guter Prognose handelt, ist eine Therapie nicht notwendig.