bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the Intracortical Responses After a Single Session of Aerobic Exercise in Young Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review and Best Evidence Synthesis
Authors: Alibazi Razie J. , Pearce Alan J. , Rostami Mohamad , Frazer Ashlyn K. , Brownstein Callum , Kidgell Dawson J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Alibazi, RJ, Pearce, AJ, Rostami, M, Frazer, AK, Brownstein, C, and Kidgell, DJ. Determining the intracortical responses after a single session of aerobic exercise in young healthy individuals: a systematic review and best evidence synthesis. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 562–575, 2021—A single bout of aerobic exercise (AE) may induce changes in the excitability of the intracortical circuits of the primary motor cortex (M1). Similar to noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial direct current stimulation, AE could be used as a priming technique to facilitate motor learning. This review examined the effect of AE on modulating intracortical excitability and inhibition in human subjects. A systematic review, according to PRISMA guidelines, identified studies by database searching, hand searching, and citation tracking between inception and the last week of February 2020. Methodological quality of included studies was determined using the Downs and Black quality index and Cochrane Collaboration of risk of bias tool. Data were synthesized and analyzed using best-evidence synthesis. There was strong evidence for AE not to change corticospinal excitability and conflicting evidence for increasing intracortical facilitation and reducing silent period and long-interval cortical inhibition. Aerobic exercise did reduce short-interval cortical inhibition, which suggests AE modulates the excitability of the short-latency inhibitory circuits within the M1; however, given the small number of included studies, it remains unclear how AE affects all circuits. In light of the above, AE may have important implications during periods of rehabilitation, whereby priming AE could be used to facilitate motor learning.
Potret Perempuan dalam Bingkai Ketatanegaraan
Authors: Nasution Latipah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe role of women is an absolute prerequisite for the realization of equitable development. The state will not be prosperous if the women are left behind, marginalized and oppressed. Efforts to empower women are an integral part of national development efforts. Therefore, women's empowerment is an ongoing effort to adjust to the times. The presence of various rules regarding women's representation in various aspects is a form of respect for women for the realization of a prosperous and just state.Keywords: Women, Political Participation, Rule of Law. Abstrak Peran perempuan merupakan syarat mutlak demi terwujudnya pembangunan yang berkeadilan. Negara tidak akan sejahtera apabila kaum perempuannya dibiarkan tertingal, tersisish dan tertindas. Upaya pemberdayaan perempuan merupakan bagian integral dari upaya pembangunan nasional. Oleh karena itu pemberdayaan perempuan merupakan upaya yang berkelanjutan menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan zaman. Hadirnya berbagai aturan mengenai representatif perempuan di berbagai aspek merupakan bentuk penghormatan terhadap perempuan demi terwujudnya negara yang sejahtera dan berkeadilan.Kata Kunci: Perempuan, Partisipasi Politik, Negara Hukum.
Counter-Attack Pasca Penghitungan Suara Pilpres 2019 Menuju Real Count
Authors: Susilowati Ida 
Published: November 2020

Abstract:The 2019 Presidential General Election is a continuation of the political battle between the two camps, namely the Prabowo camp and the Joko Widodo camp. The two camps have the same strong support, both from the people as voters, as well as the support of political parties participating in the election. After the vote on April 17, 2019, each party claimed to have won the election. Jokowi's camp showed his victory with the results of the Quick Count, while Prabowo's camp showed its victory with the results of their own real count. This debate does not end if the General Election Commission does not immediately announce the results of the general election.Keywords: Presidential Election, Counter Attack, Real Count. Abstrak:Pemilihan Umum Presiden 2019 merupakan kelanjutan pertarungan politik antara dua kubu yaitu kubu Prabowo dan kubu Joko Widodo. Kedua kubu memiliki dukungan yang sama-sama kuat, baik dukungan dari rakyat sebagai pemilik suara, maupun dukungan partai politik peserta pemilu. Pasca pemungutan suara tanggal 17 Agustus, masing-masing pihak mengklaim telah memenangkan pemilu. Kubu Jokowi menunjukkan kemenangannya dengan perolehan hasil dari Quick Count, sedang kubu Prabowo menunjukkan kemenangannya dengan hasil real count yang mereka lakukan sendiri. Perdebatan ini tidak berujung bila Komisi Pemilihan Umum tidak segera mengumumkan hasil pemilihan umum.Kata Kunci: Pemilihan Umum Presiden, Counter Attack, Real Count.
Aksi Nyata Membangun Bangsa, Siap Sukseskan Negara Dengan Literasi
Authors: Alhaqni Zahra Putri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe progress of a nation is determined by the level of public literacy. The current level of Indonesian literacy is very low. In an effort to improve literacy, it can be done in various ways, one of which is Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Changes in the education curriculum that support increased literacy and reduce the price of books in accordance with the mandate of Law No. 3 of 2017 also needs to be done.Keywords: Education, Literacy, Gawai AbstrakKemajuan suatu bangsa ditentukan oleh tinggi rendahnya literasi masyarakatnya. Tingkat literasi bangsa Indonesia saat ini sangat rendah. Dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan literasi dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, yaitu salah satunya dengan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK). Perubahan kurikulum pendidikan yang mendukung peningkatan daya literasi dan menekan harga buku sesuai dengan amanat Undang-Undang No. 3 Tahun 2017 pun perlu dilakukan.Kata Kunci: Pendidikan, Literasi, Gawai
Communication in health work during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Eunice Nogueira Galeno , Belarmino Adriano da Costa , Lopes Custódio Lívia , Lima Verde Gomes Ilvana , Rodrigues Ferreira Júnior Antonio 
Published: November 2020

Objective. Report on communication and qualified listening in nursing work in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods. This descriptive, theoretical and reflexive report was developed by nurses between March 20th and May 25th 2020 at Emergency Care Services in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Health communication served as the theoretical background for this research.
Results. Two main thematic categories were highlighted: (i) Resignifications of communication in the work relationships of the health team and (ii) Guided listening to users by nurses at the Emergency Care Services during the pandemic.
Conclusion. The experience revealed an excerpt of what is found under the conditions of the current situation resulting from COVID-19. Communication turned into an essential tool to maintain professional relationships and culminate in collaboration and cooperation of theteam in order to provide a close relationship with the user and promote the quality of health care processes.
Liquefied Gaseous Fuels (LGF) Spill Test Facility Program
Authors: Dietz Albert 
Published: November 2020

The Department of Energy (DOE) is constructing a facility at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) which will be capable of the rapid release of large quantities of cryogenic or pressurized flammable or toxic materials. The facility is being built in concert with and in response to the needs of many industrial and governmental organizations.
The facility is designed to satisfy the need for information for risk assessment, emergency response, regulation, plant design, plant siting, and hazard mitigation. It will be capable of spilling up to 200 m3 (53,000 gal) of cryogenic fluids such as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) or refrigerated ammonia at rates between 5 and 100 m3/min (1,000-26,000 gpm). In addition, up to 90 m3 (24,000 gal) of ambient temperature materials such as Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) or chlorine, with pressures up to 2,000 kpa (300 psi), can be released at rates between 2 and 20 m3/min (500-5,000 gpm). An extensive sensor and data acquisition system is available to acquire data on spill characteristics such as rate, volume, temperature, and pressure; downwind gas concentration and aerosol characteristics; meteorological parameters; and blast or fire effects.
The Frenchman Flat area of the NTS provides a uniquely favorable environment in which to perform large-scale atmospheric dispersion tests. Steady winds from the southwest occur with great regularity during the summer months for a variety of atmospheric stability conditions. Large-scale tests with toxic materials are possible because only limited access, federally controlled land is present for some 60 km (37 mi) downwind.
Particle Dispersion in Relation to Clothing
Authors: Whyte William , Bailey P. 
Published: November 2020

People are major contributors of particle contamination in cleanrooms and therefore must wear occlusive clothing to reduce their dispersion. Three tests are described which assess the effectiveness of fabrics in filtering body emissions. Also described is a dispersal chamber in which the dispersal rate of a person can be ascertained.
Results from tests on a number of fabrics are given that demonstrate the ineffectiveness of many fabrics. The pore size dia of woven fabrics range from 17 to 103 μm and their removal efficiency against ⩾ 0.5 μm particles from a few percent to 75 percent. A comparison of clothing made from different fabrics in a dispersal chamber showed the close-woven fabrics and non-woven fabrics to be more effective. Fabrics with a low air permeability pumped out unfiltered body emission if care was not exercised in the design of the garment closures.
The greater importance of particles passing through fabrics compared to those coming off fabrics was demonstrated, as was the deterioration of fabrics through use. It was concluded that much of the clothing worn in cleanrooms could be greatly improved.
Model Study of Contaminant Flow in the Vicinity of Semiconductor Processing Equipment
Authors: Yamamoto Toshiaki , Viner Andrew , Donovan Robert , Ensor David 
Published: November 2020

A continuous particle monitoring system was set up to. identify short-term particle bursts that reflect equipment operation and personnel activity within the photolithography bay of a cleanroom. The frequency and magnitude of the bursts vary with location and strongly depend on airflow, especially departures from vertical laminar flow introduced by equipment placement and/or human traffic. For example, the particle concentration above a stepper electronics cabinet was significantly reduced by moving the cabinet away from the cleanroom wall. Also, the particle concentration above the photoresist coater is very high during the operation of the wafer spinner; therefore, particles generated should be swept away by the airflows in order to minimize the particle transport to the wafer processing area.
Numerical simulation of the airflow around two selected pieces of processing equipment was performed to better explain particle transport from these sources. Zones of recirculation and particle trapping, as predicted by this modeling, were shown to exist near the equipment. The improvement in airflow distributions results in more complete and rapid removal of particles from the vicinity of the equipment.
Minimizing Defects for a Silicon Nitride Deposition Process
Authors: Wilson Jim , DcPinto Gary 
Published: November 2020

Full factorial and Taguchi orthogonal arrays were used to characterize the silicon nitride low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process for film uniformity and particle density. Thickness and refractive index were measured using standard ellipsometric techniques. Particles were measured on patterned wafers using a Tencor Surfscan 7000 particle counter with pattern recognition capability. Both design methodologies produced identical results, with particles most dependent on total gas volume, and uniformity of the deposited film dependent on NH3:DCS (ammonia:dichlorosilane) gas ratio. Particle counts were minimized at both 4:1 and 6:1 NH3:DCS ratios and by reducing the total gas volume 10 percent, while uniformity continually improved as a 6:1 ratio was approached. It was learned that it is possible to choose an NH3:DCS gas ratio of 6:1 that simultaneously optimizes particles and film uniformity.The use of statistical process control (SPC) methods to improve process capability as measured by process capability (Cp) were employed to measure an overall increase in Cp from 1.1 to 1.5 for film uniformity. Implementation of the new process resulted in a 2.5-fold reduction in particle counts.
Tailoring Shipboard Environmental Specifications: Part II. Single-Frequency Vibration
Authors: Chalmers Richard 
Published: November 2020

This article, the second in a three-part series, is extracted from Technical Document (TD 2071) published by the Naval Ocean Systems Center in April, 1991. Titled "Tailoring Shipboard Environmental Specifications, A Guide for Navy Program Managers," the document presents a compilation of shipboard environmental data measured over the years. The applicability of the data to the fleet of today is discussed. Methods of tailoring systems specifications and tests for the environment existing at given locations on a variety of Naval ships are also included.
The first article in this series (Journal of the IES, p. 25. March, April, 1992) included the Introduction, Temperature and Humidity, and Shock sections of TD 2071. This article covers the first part of the TD 2071 discussion of vibration. The third article will finish the discussion of vibration and present a "tailored" vibration requirement that a program manager might include in a procurement package for new shipboard systems.
VARIÁVEIS SOCIODEMOGRÁFICAS ASSOCIADAS À MUDANÇA NA TOLERÂNCIA NAS RELAÇÕES DE AMIZADE NA PANDEMIA PELA COVID-19
Authors: Moraes Filho Iel Marciano , Sousa Thais Vilela de , Lima Thaís Pereira , Carvalho Filha Francidalma Soares Sousa , Pereira Mayara Cândida , Silva Rodrigo Marques da 
Published: November 2020

<p>Objetivo: verificar a associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas e mudança na tolerância nas relações de amizade durante a pandemia pela COVID-19. Método: estudo transversal realizado nas cinco macrorregiões brasileiras, de junho a julho de 2020, mediante aplicação de um questionário sociodemográfico, um questionário semiestruturado e o Instrumento de Avaliação da tolerância nas relações de amizade. Utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado e exato de Fischer para a análise de dados. Resultados: 88,9% consideram satisfatória a tolerância nas relações no ambiente domiciliar, 82,8% tiveram ajuda de amigos para superar as tensões, 73% perceberam mudança nas relações durante a quarentena. Essa mudança foi maior entre heterossexuais (p=0,001), residentes no Sudeste e Centro-Oeste (p=0,001), com ensino superior concluído (p=0,004), vinculados a instituições privadas (p&lt;0,001) e que receberam ajuda dos amigos durante a quarentena (p&lt;0,001). Conclusão: os fatores sociodemográficos e o suporte social recebido dos amigos estão associados às mudanças na tolerância nas relações de amizade durante a pandemia.</p><p>Descritores: Relações Interpessoais. Amigos. COVID-19. Pandemias. Isolamento Social.</p>
Comments: Changes Coming to JPT
Authors: Boschee Pam 
Published: November 2020

SPE has always weathered the ups and downs of serving a cyclical industry by adapting as necessary to continue providing our members with high-quality content in JPT and across our wide variety of offerings such as events, webinars, training courses, and other member programs.
This year’s simultaneous pandemic and oil and gas market downturn has led to challenges requiring difficult decisions throughout our industry. As SPE President Tom Blasingame wrote in his column this month, “The truth is we are all in the same storm of pandemic+economic crisis=chaos.”
SPE has made the difficult decision to stop printing and mailing JPT magazine as a cost-savings measure as of the November 2020 issue. For now, this change will be effective only through March 2021 but may extend as we consider future economic conditions and member response. The degree of uncertainty surrounding the oil and gas supply/demand outlook and the global course of COVID-19 will be determining factors in this decision making.
In addition to the October print issue, we’ll also provide a new digital edition, available to SPE members who normally receive the print JPT. It offers the convenience of a mobile app or a web browser experience.
Members often note that JPT is their most-valued member benefit, and we understand that a portion of membership will still prefer print. However, the cost savings are necessary to continue providing JPT and our other member programs. Also, members who previously received their JPT issues at their office and are now working from home may not have been receiving it. Some international members are also not receiving their issues due to countries’ restrictions on shipping and mailing. The digital edition brings access to JPT to you at any time or place.
Multi-Basin Real-Time Perforation Assessment Using Tube Wave Measurements
Authors: Dalamarinis Panagiotis , Merry Hoagie 
Published: November 2020

This article addresses a means to improve hydraulic fracturing operations by measuring the perforation effectiveness on a stage-by-stage basis before the hydraulic fracturing process begins. Observations lead to the conclusion that pre-frac measurements provide meaningful insight about well-to-reservoir opening, allowing operators to identify the difficult-to-treat stages before the treatment begins. Based on the results of a case study from a North American unconventional basin, the limitations and conditions for employing pre-frac measurements are discussed.
Background
Often, perforation operations fail to initiate a well-established hydraulic communication between the wellbore and the reservoir rock. When hydraulic fracturing operations begin, a lack of wellbore to reservoir connectivity may cause unexpected difficulties such as unusually high pumping pressures, difficulty injecting the design volumes of fluid and proppant, and/or the inability to achieve design pumping rate or screenouts.
The hydraulic fracturing industry is increasingly looking for an efficient, nonintrusive method for identifying poor wellbore to reservoir connectivity. Currently, step-rate tests are commonly used (Massaras et al. 2007) to give the operator an estimate of open perforations taking fluid, as well as frictional losses within the wellbore and near-field region. However, these tests are costly, time-consuming, and rarely accurately confirm the number of poor perforations (Cramer et al. 2019). Fiber-optic technologies can improve these uncertainties but are costly and susceptible to damage during installation and/or operation.
How the Method Works
Low-frequency hydraulic tube waves, or Stoneley waves (Stoneley 1924), are induced at the surface by equipment connected to the wellhead. Tube waves travel rapidly through the fluid within the wellbore and reflect by any changes within the hydraulically connected parts of the wellbore. In this case, the reflection off the bottom of the well influences the tube-wave properties - dispersion and attenuation of the normal modes (Hsu, Kostek, and Johnson 1997), depending on the condition and number of the perforations, the quality of their connection with the near-field region, and the quality of the near-field region itself (e.g., a region already naturally fractured) [Dunham et al. 2017].
Study Quantifies Stress Sensitivity of Fractured Tight Reservoirs
Authors: Feder Judy 
Published: November 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper IPTC 20260, “Stress Sensitivity of Fractured Tight Reservoirs,” by Gang Han, SPE, Aramco, and Kirk Bartko, SPE, Consultant, prepared for the 2020 International Petroleum Technology Conference, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, 13-15 January. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
Wells in unconventional reservoirs can experience sharp rate declines in the early stage of production, especially when experiencing aggressive drawdown. One key factor affecting rate decline is rock sensitivity to increasing compressive stress. The complete paper describes and quantifies the stress-dependence of compaction and permeability for anisotropic rock matrices, natural fractures, and hydraulic fractures, based on comprehensive rock tests of a fractured tight reservoir.
Stress Sensitivity and Drawdown
Laboratory data show that rock permeability can be reduced by 10 to 99% with increasing confining stress. Controlling factors include rock characteristics such as authigenic cementation, pore structure, clay content, natural fractures, and pore volume compressibility. Additional factors include pore throat size and shape. Low-permeability rocks are more sensitive to stress changes than are high-permeability rocks.
A direct link exists between stress-dependent permeability reduction and production decline, especially in unconventional reservoirs in which production declines rapidly during the first year. As production starts and bottomhole pressure is lowered, the effective stress on the rock near the wellbore, defined as the difference between total stresses and pore pressure, increases. Higher loading stress reduces the permeabilities (or conductivities) of induced fractures, natural fractures (or laminations), and the matrix. The increase in effective stress can lead to proppant embedment and crushing, formation spalling, fines migration, rock compaction, and closing of natural fractures. Many of these processes are irreversible and lead not only to rapid production decline but also to reduction of estimated ultimate recovery (EUR).
In 2011, analysis of a shale consortia database found that wells with restricted rate (limited drawdown) have 2 to 3 bcf higher EUR than wells with open rate (unlimited drawdown). The analysis also observed that the decline of stress-dependent permeability in propped fractures (millidarcy) is not as severe as the reduction in unpropped fractures (microdarcy) and matrix (nanodarcy).