bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protoplanetary disk masses in NGC 2024: Evidence for two populations
Authors: van Terwisga S. E. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Mann R. K. , Di Francesco J. , van der Marel N. , Meyer M. , Andrews S. M. , Carpenter J. , Eisner J. A. , Manara C. F. , Williams J. P. 
Published: May 2020

Context. Protoplanetary disks in dense, massive star-forming regions are strongly affected by their environment. How this environmental impact changes over time is an important constraint on disk evolution and external photoevaporation models.
Aims. We characterize the dust emission from 179 disks in the core of the young (0.5 Myr) NGC 2024 cluster. By studying how the disk mass varies within the cluster, and comparing these disks to those in other regions, we aim to determine how external photoevaporation influences disk properties over time.
Methods. Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, a 2.9′× 2.9′ mosaic centered on NGC 2024 FIR 3 was observed at 225 GHz with a resolution of 0.25″, or ~100 AU. The imaged region contains 179 disks identified at IR wavelengths, seven new disk candidates, and several protostars.
Results. The overall detection rate of disks is 32 ± 4%. Few of the disks are resolved, with the exception of a giant (R = 300 AU) transition disk. Serendipitously, we observe a millimeter flare from an X-ray bright young stellar object (YSO), and resolve continuum emission from a Class 0 YSO in the FIR 3 core. Two distinct disk populations are present: a more massive one in the east, along the dense molecular ridge hosting the FIR 1-5 YSOs, with a detection rate of 45 ± 7%. In the western population, towards IRS 1, only 15 ± 4% of disks are detected.
Conclusions. NGC 2024 hosts two distinct disk populations. Disks along the dense molecular ridge are young (0.2–0.5 Myr) and partly shielded from the far ultraviolet radiation of IRS 2b; their masses are similar to isolated 1–3 Myr old SFRs. The western population is older and at lower extinctions, and may be affected by external photoevaporation from both IRS 1 and IRS 2b. However, it is possible these disks had lower masses to begin with.
Extended stellar systems in the solar neighborhood
Authors: Ratzenböck Sebastian , Meingast Stefan , Alves João , Möller Torsten , Bomze Immanuel 
Published: May 2020

Context.Nearby stellar streams carry unique information on the dynamical evolution and disruption of stellar systems in the Galaxy, the mass distribution in the disk, and they provide unique targets for planet formation and evolution studies. Recently, Meingast 1, a 120° stellar stream with a length of at least 400 pc, was dicovered.Aims.We aim to revisit the Meingast 1 stream to search for new members within its currently known 400 pc extent, usingGaiaDR2 data and an innovative machine learning approach.Methods.We used a bagging classifier of one-class support vector machines withGaiaDR2 data to perform a 5D search (positions and proper motions) for new stream members. The ensemble was created by randomly sampling 2.4 million hyper-parameter realizations admitting classifiers that fulfill a set of prior assumptions. We used the variable prediction frequency resulting from the multitude of classifiers to estimate a stream membership criterion, which we used to select high-fidelity sources. We used the HR diagram and the Cartesian velocity distribution as test and validation tools.Results.We find about 2000 stream members with high fidelity, or about an order of magnitude more than previously known, unveiling the stream’s population across the entire stellar mass spectrum, from B stars to M stars, including white dwarfs. We find that, apart from being slightly more metal poor, the HRD of the stream is indistinguishable from that of the Pleiades cluster. For the mass range at which we are mostly complete, ∼0.2M⊙ <  M <  ∼4 M⊙, we find a normal IMF, allowing us to estimate the total mass of stream to be about 2000M⊙, making this relatively young stream by far the most massive one known. In addition, we identify several white dwarfs as potential stream members.Conclusions.The nearby Meingast 1 stream, due to its richness, age, and distance, is a new fundamental laboratory for star and planet formation and evolution studies for the poorly studied and gravitationally unbound star formation mode. We also demonstrate that one-class support vector machines can be effectively used to unveil the full stellar populations of nearby stellar systems withGaiadata.
Future Ultrasound Biomarkers for Sarcopenia: Elastography, Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound, and Speed of Sound Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Ivanoski Slavcho , Vasilevska Nikodinovska Violeta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSarcopenia is the advanced and generalized loss of muscle mass and strength among the elderly population and is a cause of adverse outcomes. Methods used for the diagnosis of sarcopenia are either unavailable or expensive in everyday clinical settings. Ultrasound presents an inexpensive, convenient, and available method that offers advantages for the evaluation of skeletal muscle. Muscle quality will probably be the most important factor in defining sarcopenia in the future. Different features of muscle quality, including muscle elasticity, microcirculation and muscle perfusion during rest and physical activity, and the content of intramuscular adipose tissue can be measured using emerging and promising ultrasound techniques such as elastography, contrast-enhanced imaging, and speed of sound ultrasound technology. This article reviews the recent evidence on the use of ultrasound techniques in the assessment of muscle quality and the possibilities for the future evaluation of sarcopenia.
Thromboelastometry Variables in Neonates with Perinatal Hypoxia
Authors: Konstantinidi Aikaterini , Sokou Rozeta , Tsantes Andreas G. , Parastatidou Stavroula , Bonovas Stefanos , Kouskouni Evaggelia , Gounaris Antonios K. , Tsantes Argyrios E. , Iacovidou Nicoletta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPerinatal hypoxia is associated with an increased risk of coagulation disorders by enhancing the consumption of platelets and some clotting factors due to the associated severe hypoxemia, acidemia, and compromised oxygen and blood supply to the neonatal liver and bone marrow. Thromboelastometry (TEM), which estimates the dynamics of blood coagulation, may represent an attractive tool for studying the coagulation status of these neonates. We aimed at assessing the hemostatic profile of neonates with perinatal hypoxia using the standard extrinsically activated TEM (ex-TEM) assay. In total, 164 hospitalized neonates with perinatal asphyxia and/or fetal distress comprised the study subjects, and 273 healthy neonates served as controls. Ex-TEM assay was performed, SNAPPE (Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology Perinatal Extension) was calculated, and clinical findings and laboratory results were recorded in all study subjects. Hypoxic neonates expressed a prolonged clotting time (CT) and clot formation time (CFT) and reduced amplitude at 10 minutes (A10), α-angle, and maximum clot firmness compared with healthy neonates. Furthermore, asphyxiated neonates had a significantly prolonged CT and CFT and reduced A10 and α-angle compared with neonates with fetal distress. Hypoxic neonates demonstrate a hypocoagulable ex-TEM profile relative to healthy neonates, indicating a potential role of TEM in the early detection of coagulation derangement in perinatal hypoxia.
Effectiveness of Probiotic Lozenges in Periodontal Management of Chronic Periodontitis Patients: Clinical and Immunological Study
Authors: Alshareef Ahmed , Attia Alaa , Almalki Mohammed , Alsharif Faisal , Melibari Ahmed , Mirdad Bassel , Azab Ehab , Youssef Abdel-Rahman , Dardir Ahmed 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective The main purpose of this article was to evaluate the effect of probiotics used as an adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP) on the periodontal parameters and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of chronic periodontitis patients.
Materials and Methods A total of 25 chronic periodontitis patients who completed the treatment course of 40 subjects, aged 25 to 58 years, participated in this study. They were categorized into two groups: the first group was treated by SRP while the second group was treated by SRP and probiotic lozenges twice a day for 30 days. All patients were evaluated clinically by measuring the plaque index, bleeding index (BI), pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and immunologically by assaying GCF/MMP-8 at baseline and 30 days after periodontal management.
Results There was a significant improvement in periodontal parameters after SRP treatment with and without probiotic lozenges in both groups. However, there was a significant decrease in the BI (p = 0.05) in SRP and probiotic lozenges group after 30 days compared with SRP alone. In addition, there was a significant decrease in GCF/MMP-8 levels after 30 days in patients managed by SRP only (p = 0.017) compared with the baseline in both groups, whereas a highly significant decrease in patients treated by SRP and probiotics (p = 0.001).
Conclusion The current study suggested that the probiotics might have a beneficial effect on clinical and immunological outcomes in the management of chronic periodontitis patients. Further research is needed on a large-scale population and for a long recall time to confirm the response to probiotics as an adjunctive to SRP.
Ultrasound Imaging Guide for Assessment of the Intrinsic Ligaments Stabilizing the Subtalar and Midtarsal Joints
Authors: Zaottini Federico , Picasso Riccardo , Pistoia Federico , Perez Maribel Miguel , Möller Ingrid , Rossi Federica , Bruns Alessandra , Tagliafico Alberto Stefano , Martinoli Carlo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLigament injuries around the subtalar, talocalcaneonavicular, and calcaneocuboid joints are often underestimated on clinical and imaging findings during investigation of patients with ankle and foot injuries. Because a delayed diagnosis of midtarsal ligament tears may lead to chronic pain and functional disability, an in-depth knowledge of the complex regional anatomy and of the appropriate ultrasound scanning technique is a prerequisite for evaluating these structures and avoiding misdiagnoses. The objective of this article is twofold: to describe the relevant anatomy and biomechanics related to the ligaments that stabilize the subtalar, talocalcaneonavicular, and calcaneocuboid joints, and to illustrate reasoned landmark-based scanning techniques to provide a systematic examination of these ligaments and thus make ultrasound an effective tool for assessment of patients with suspected subtalar or midtarsal sprain.
N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirator Use during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Roeckner Jared T. , Krstić Nevena , Sipe Bradley H. , Običan Sarah G. 
Published: May 2020

Objective This study was aimed to systematically review the use of filtering facepiece respirators, such asN95 masks, during pregnancy.
Study Design A comprehensive search for primary literature using Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted from inception until April 2020 to find articles reporting outcomes of pregnant women using filtering facepiece respirator (FFR). Studies were selected if they included the use of FFR in pregnant women and reported an outcome of interest including physiologic changes (heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse oximetry, and fetal heart rate tracing) or subjective measures (thermal or exertional discomfort or fit). The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment scale was used to assess the risk of bias. The main outcome was to describe the physiologic changes in pregnant women compared with nonpregnant women. Due to the small number of studies and heterogeneity of reported outcomes a meta-analysis was not conducted. Results of the studies were synthesized into a summary of evidence table.
Results We identified four studies, three cohort studies and one crossover study, comprising 42 women using FFR during pregnancy. Risk of bias was judged to be low. Studies were consistent in showing no significant increase in maternal heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and fetal heart rate between pregnant and nonpregnant women using N95 FFRs for short durations. Repeat fit testing was not supported for women gaining the recommended amount of weight during pregnancy. No evidence was found to reach conclusions about prolonged N95 FFR use in pregnancy.
Conclusion Limited duration N95 FFR use during pregnancy is unlikely to impart risk to the pregnant women or her fetus.
Key Points
Structural and functional analyses of organic molecules regulating biomineralization
Authors: Suzuki Michio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBiomineralization by living organisms are common phenomena observed everywhere. Molluskan shells are representative biominerals that have fine microstructures with controlled morphology, polymorph, and orientation of CaCO3 crystals. A few organic molecules involved in the biominerals play important roles in the formation of such microstructures. Analyses of structure–function relationships for matrix proteins in biominerals revealed that almost all matrix proteins have an acidic region for the binding of calcium ion in CaCO3 crystals and interaction domains for other organic molecules. On the other hand, biomineralization of metal nanoparticles by microorganisms were also investigated. Gold nanoparticles and quantum dots containing cadmium were successfully synthesized by bacteria or a fungus. The analyses of components revealed that glycolipids, oligosaccharides, and lactic acids have key roles to synthesize the gold nanoparticle in Lactobacillus casei as reductants and dispersants. These researches about biomineralization will give new insights for material and environmental sciences in the human society.
An anti-inflammatory isoflavone from soybean inoculated with a marine fungus Aspergillus terreus C23-3
Authors: Yang Jing-Ming , Liu Ya-Yue , Yang Wen-Cong , Ma Xiao-Xiang , Nie Ying-Ying , Glukhov Evgenia , Gerwick Lena , Gerwick William H , Lei Xiao-Ling , Zhang Yi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A new isoflavone derivative compound 1 (psoralenone) was isolated from soybean inoculated with a marine fungus Aspergillus terreus C23-3, together with seven known compounds including isoflavones 2–6, butyrolactone I (7) and blumenol A (8). Their structures were elucidated by MS, NMR, and ECD. Psoralenone displayed moderate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell model. Compound 2 (genistein) showed moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity whereas compounds 2, 5 (biochanin A), 6 (psoralenol), and 7 exhibited potent larvicidal activity against brine shrimp. Compounds 3 (daidzein), 4 (4ʹ-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyisoflavone), and 5–7 showed broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity, and compound 7 also showed moderate 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity.
Party affiliation and support for Muslim newcomers: masked opposition in the Norwegian context
Authors: Creighton Mathew J. , Strabac Zan 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
This work considers how anti-immigrant sentiment is selectively revealed, offering a new perspective on the role stigma plays in defining the political mainstream. By way of a survey experiment in Norway, we measure the gap between what people express and the beliefs they hold anonymously, assessing how supporters of distinct political parties situationally conform to expectations about the expression of intolerance. Using three frames, we contrast attitudes toward immigrants, refugees and more general types of new entrants to Norway. We conclude that the intolerance is more widespread than openly expressed sentiment would suggest due to the systematic masking of targeted opposition to Muslim newcomers. Covert expression, under conditions of absolute and permanent anonymity, demonstrate hardened sentiment among the mainstream right. In other words, a large shift in covert attitudes is best understood as a shift in deference to norms about the expression of targeted bias – in this case toward Muslim newcomers – rather than a large change in underlying, anonymously expressed attitudes.
CALET on the International Space Station: the first three years of observations
Authors: Brogi P , Adriani O , Akaike Y , Asano K , Asaoka Y , Bagliesi M G , Berti E , Bigongiari G , Binns W R , Bonechi S , Bongi M , Bruno A , Buckley J H , Cannady N , Castellini G , Checchia C , Cherry M L , Collazuol G , Di Felice V , Ebisawa K , Fuke H , Guzik T G , Hams T , Hibino K , Ichimura M , Ioka K , Ishizaki W , Israel M H , Kasahara K , Kataoka J , Kataoka R , Katayose Y , Kato C , Kawanaka N , Kawakubo Y , Kohri K , Krawczynski H S , Krizmanic J F , Link J , Maestro P , Marrocchesi P S , Messineo A M , Mitchell J W , Miyake S , Moiseev A A , Mori M , Mori N , Motz H M , Munakata K , Murakami H , Nakahira S , Nishimura J , de Nolfo G A , Okuno S , Ormes J F , Ospina N , Ozawa S , Pacini L , Palma F , Papini P , Rauch B F , Ricciarini S B , Sakai K , Sakamoto T , Sasaki M , Shimizu Y , Shiomi A , Sparvoli R , Spillantini P , Stolzi F , Sugita S , Suh J E , Sulaj A , Takahashi I , Takita M , Tamura T , Terasawa T , Torii S , Tsunesada Y , Uchihori Y , Vannuccini E , Wefel J P , Yamaoka K , Yanagita S , Yoshida A , Yoshida K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The CALorimetric Electron Telescope CALET is a space instrument designed to carry out precision measurements of high energy cosmic-rays on the JEM-EF external platform on the International Space Station, where it has been collecting science data continuously since mid October 2015. In addition to its primary goal of identifying nearby sources of high-energy electrons and possible signatures of dark matter in the electron spectrum, CALET is carrying out extensive measurements of the energy spectra, relative abundances and secondary-to-primary ratios of elements from proton to iron, and even above (up to Z = 40), studying the details of galactic particle propagation and acceleration. An overview of CALET based on the data taken during the first three years of observations is presented, including a direct measurement of the electron+positron energy spectrum from 11 GeV to 4.8 TeV. The proton spectrum has been measured from 50 GeV to 10 TeV covering, for the first time with a single space-borne instrument, the whole energy interval previously investigated in separate sub-ranges by magnetic spectrometers and calorimetric instruments. Preliminary spectra of cosmic-ray nuclei are also presented, together with gamma-ray observations and searches for an e.m. counterpart of LIGO/Virgo GW events.
Enhanced dielectric properties of green synthesized Nickel Sulphide (NiS) nanoparticles integrated polyvinylalcohol nanocomposites*
Authors: Reddy P Lokanatha , Deshmukh Kalim , Kovářík Tomáš , Reiger David , Nambiraj N Arunai , R Lakshmipathy , S K Khadheer Pasha 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A green synthesis approach has been adopted to prepare nickel sulphide nanoparticles (NiS NPs) using banana peel extract (BPE) as a reducing and capping agent. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/NiS nanocomposite films were fabricated using a cost-effective solution casting technique by dispersing different contents of NiS NPs (0–3 wt%) in the PVA matrix. Various characterization techniques were employed to analyze the structural, thermal and morphological properties of the PVA/NiS nanocomposite films. Further, the dielectric behaviour of these nanocomposite films was investigated at frequency range 50 Hz–20 MHz and in the temperature range 40 °C–140 °C. Also, there exists a significant interaction between the polymer matrix and the nanofiller as evident from the notable improvement in the dielectric properties of the nanocomposites. The dielectric constant (ε) value of PVA/NiS nanocomposite film with 3 wt % NiS NPs loading was found to be 154.55 at 50 Hz and at 140 °C which is 22 times greater than the dielectric constant value of neat PVA (6.90). These results suggest that NiS NPs were dispersed homogeneously in the PVA matrix.
Efficient loading of silver nanoparticles on graphene oxide and its antibacterial properties
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Yalei , Xu Xiaobing , Yang Feiyao , Li Ke , Wei Di , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Graphene oxide contains polyaromatic structure and a variety of oxygen functional groups, which can form π-type metal ion-aromatic or metal ion-oxygen interaction with transition metals, thus it is a promising dispersant and carrier for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Herein, silver nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide (AgNPs/rGO) was fabricated with scalable synthesis method without additional dispersing agent. The mass percent of AgNPs loading on rGO could be adjusted according to the requirement of applications from 1 ∼ 67% of the total weight of AgNPs/rGO with the sizes of AgNPs 10 ∼ 30 nm. AgNPs/rGO exhibited excellent antibacterial activity towards both gram-positive S. aureus and gram-negative E. coli. In addition, AgNPs/rGO could be easily dispersed in liquid silicone rubber, and when the rubber solidified and formed a three-dimensional structure, AgNPs/rGO-silicone rubber has both effective antibacterial property and very low effusion of AgNPs. This composite has potential to be used as a material of bacteriostasis bottles and wound dressings.
Age- and Sex-Specific Pediatric Reference Intervals of Serum Electrolytes in Jilin Province of China Using the A Priori Approach
Authors: Zhu Xuetong , Wang Kaijin , Zhou Qi , Guo Wenjia , Jia Yanan , Xu Jiancheng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to establish age- and sex-specific pediatric reference intervals of serum potassium (K), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P) using a direct sampling technique.

Methods
In accordance with the a priori approach, healthy individuals (n = 6,466, aged 1 month to &lt;18 years) were enrolled from five regions in Jilin Province, China, and all analytes were performed in the center laboratory. Reference intervals were divided according to the regression tree and Harris and Boyd’s method, and then they were calculated by the nonparametric rank method. The dynamic changes of reference intervals were evaluated by the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method.

Results
Reference intervals of serum Na and Ca were divided into three age-specific partitions. The concentrations of K, Cl, and Mg remained stable with age. However, only dramatic sex-specific changes of P were shown in those 11 to less than 13 years old and 13 to less than 15 years old, with an earlier peak time in females than in males. The correlation between Na and Cl was the strongest among all serum electrolytes (r = 0.31).

Conclusions
Serum electrolyte reference intervals for children and adolescents were established by regression tree, z test, and the LMS method, which provide a more accurate interpretation for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of clinical pediatric diseases.