bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional studies of CpSRP54 in diatoms show that the mechanism of thylakoid protein insertion differs from that in plants and green algae
Authors: Nymark Marianne , Grønbech Hafskjold Marthe Caroline , Volpe Charlotte , Fonseca Davi de Miranda , Sharma Animesh , Tsirvouli Eirini , Serif Manuel , Winge Per , Finazzi Giovanni , Bones Atle Magnar 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYThe chloroplast signal recognition particle 54 kDa (CpSRP54) protein is a member of the CpSRP pathway known to target proteins to thylakoid membranes in plants and green algae. Loss of CpSRP54 in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum lowers the accumulation of a selection of chloroplast‐encoded subunits of photosynthetic complexes, indicating a role in the co‐translational part of the CpSRP pathway. In contrast to plants and green algae, absence of CpSRP54 does not have a negative effect on the content of light‐harvesting antenna complex proteins and pigments in P. tricornutum, indicating that the diatom CpSRP54 protein has not evolved to function in the post‐translational part of the CpSRP pathway. Cpsrp54 KO mutants display altered photophysiological responses, with a stronger induction of photoprotective mechanisms and lower growth rates compared to wild type when exposed to increased light intensities. Nonetheless, their phenotype is relatively mild, thanks to the activation of mechanisms alleviating the loss of CpSRP54, involving upregulation of chaperones. We conclude that plants, green algae, and diatoms have evolved differences in the pathways for co‐translational and post‐translational insertion of proteins into the thylakoid membranes.
Reducing margins for abdominopelvic tumours in dogs: Impact on dose‐coverage and normal tissue complication probability
Authors: Meier Valeria , Staudinger Chris , Radonic Stephan , Besserer Jürgen , Schneider Uwe , Walsh Linda , Rohrer Bley Carla 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImage‐guided, intensity modulated radiation therapy (IG‐IMRT) reduces dose to pelvic organs at risk without losing dose coverage to the planning target volume (PTV) and might permit margin reductions potentially resulting in lower toxicity. Appropriate PTV margins have not been established for IG‐IMRT in abdominopelvic tumours in dogs, and herein we explore if our usual PTV 5 mm margin can be reduced further. Datasets from dogs that underwent IG‐IMRT for non‐genitourinary abdominopelvic neoplasia with 5 mm‐PTV expansion were included in this retrospective virtual study. The clinical target volumes and organs at risk (OAR) colon, rectum, spinal cord were adapted to each co‐registered cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) used for positioning. New treatment plans were generated and smaller PTV margins of 3 mm and 4 mm evaluated with respect to adequate dose coverage and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of OAR. Ten dogs with a total of 70 CBCTs were included. Doses to the OAR of each CBCT deviated mildly from the originally planned doses. In some plans, insufficient build‐up of the high dose‐area at the body surface was found due to inadequate or missing bolus placement. Overall, the margin reduction to 4 mm or 3 mm did not impair dose coverage and led to significantly lower NTCP in all OAR except for spinal cord delayed myelopathy. However, overall NTCP for spinal cord was very low (<4%). PTV‐margins depend on patient immobilization and treatment technique and accuracy. IG‐IMRT allows treatment with very small margins in the abdominopelvic region, ensuring appropriate target dose coverage, while minimizing NTCP.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki 
Published: December 2020

Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 1 Andrey Kudryavtsev, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, IsraelAyoub Taha Sidahmed, SIU, SudanDilshodjon Rakhmonov, Tashkent State University of Economics, UzbekistanDimitrios Koumparoulis, University of the People, USADjebali Nesrine, University of Jendouba, TunisiaDyah Wulan Sari, Airlangga University, IndonesiaFarhat Iqbal, University of Balochistan, PakistanHedieh Shadmani, Fairfield University, USAIan McFarlane, University of Reading, UKKembo Bwana, College of Business Education, TanzaniaMahmoud Mohammed Sabra, Al Azhar University-Gaza, PalestineMamdouh Abdelmoula M. Abdelsalam, Minufiya University, EgyptMarco Mele, University of Teramo, ItalyMarco Muscettola, Independent Researcher-Credit Risk Manager, ItalyMojeed Idowu John Odumeso-Jimoh, Noble Integrated Resources & Management, NigeriaNuno Crespo, ISCTE-IUL, PortugalOlena Sokolovska, St. Petersburg State University, RussiaRamona Orastean, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, RomaniaRichard Nguyen, Alliant International University, USARomeo Victor Ionescu, Dunarea de Jos University, RomaniaShahram Fattahi, Razi University, IranSherry Jensen, Florida Institute of Technology, USASzabolcs Blazsek, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, GuatemalaVictoria Cociug, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MoldovaY. Saidi, M’sila University, Algeria Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com
The Dimensions of Nationalism: A Case Study of the U.S. in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Sun Yixiao 
Published: December 2020

This article seeks a new understanding of nationalism theory by comparing the historical evolution of American and Chinese nationalism, analyzing the cosmopolitan origins of the two nations in different historical contexts. Although modern American and Chinese nation were born in different time and space, their nationalism has a similarly ideological origin which can be traced back to universal ideal based on regionally cultural community. Different with American nationalism that cut off the cosmopolitan traditions of Atlantic Republic of Letters, using localism of evangelical ideology as a national binder, modern Chinese nationalism was born in the collapse of traditional Tian-xia state, under the pressure from European nation-states theory based on national model from Atlantic world in the late of nineteenth century.
Association between home insulation and hospital admission rates: retrospective cohort study using linked data from a national intervention programme
Authors: Fyfe Caroline , Telfar Lucy , Barnard  , Howden-Chapman Philippa , Douwes Jeroen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate whether retrofitting insulation into homes can reduce cold associated hospital admission rates among residents and to identify whether the effect varies between different groups within the population and by type of insulation.

Design
A quasi-experimental retrospective cohort study using linked datasets to evaluate a national intervention programme.

Participants
994 317 residents of 204 405 houses who received an insulation subsidy through the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority Warm-up New Zealand: Heat Smart retrofit programme between July 2009 and June 2014.

Main outcome measure
A difference-in-difference approach was used to compare the change in hospital admissions of the study population post-insulation with the change in hospital admissions of the control population that did not receive the intervention over the same two timeframes. Relative rate ratios were used to compare the two groups.

Results
234 873 hospital admissions occurred during the study period. Hospital admission rates after the intervention increased in the intervention and control groups for all population categories and conditions with the exception of acute hospital admissions among Pacific Peoples (rate ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.90 to 0.98), asthma (0.92, 0.86 to 0.99), cardiovascular disease (0.90, 0.88 to 0.93), and ischaemic heart disease for adults older than 65 years (0.79, 0.74 to 0.84). Post-intervention increases were, however, significantly lower (11%) in the intervention group compared with the control group (relative rate ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.88 to 0.90), representing 9.26 (95% confidence interval 9.05 to 9.47) fewer hospital admissions per 1000 in the intervention population. Effects were more pronounced for respiratory disease (0.85, 0.81 to 0.90), asthma in all age groups (0.80, 0.70 to 0.90), and ischaemic heart disease in those older than 65 years (0.75, 0.66 to 0.83).

Conclusion
This study showed that a national home insulation intervention was associated with reduced hospital admissions, supporting previous research, which found an improvement in self-reported health.
Field sales force model to increase adoption of a novel tuberculosis diagnostic test among private providers: evidence from India
Authors: Deo Sarang , Jindal Pankaj , Sabharwal Manisha , Parulkar Aparna , Singh Ritu , Kadam Rigveda , Dabas Harkesh , Dewan Puneet 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundImpact of novel high-quality tuberculosis (TB) tests such as Xpert MTB/RIF has been limited due to low uptake among private providers in high-burden countries including India. Our objective was to assess the impact of a demand generation intervention comprising field sales force on the uptake of high-quality TB tests by providers and its financial sustainability for private labs in the long run.MethodsWe implemented a demand generation intervention across five Indian cities between October 2014 and June 2016 and compared the change in the quantity of Xpert cartridges ordered by labs in these cities from before (February 2013–September 2014) to after intervention (October 2014–December 2015) to corresponding change in labs in comparable non-intervention cities. We embedded this difference-in-differences estimate within a financial model to calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) if the labs were to invest in an Xpert machine with or without the demand generation intervention.ResultsThe intervention resulted in an estimated 60 additional Xpert cartridges ordered per lab-month in the intervention group, which yielded an estimated increase of 11 500 tests over the post-intervention period, at an additional cost of US$13.3–US$17.63 per test. Further, we found that investing in this intervention would increase the IRR from 4.8% to 5.5% for hospital labs but yield a negative IRR for standalone labs.ConclusionsField sales force model can generate additional demand for Xpert at private labs, but additional strategies may be needed to ensure its financial sustainability.
Types of working-life sequences among people recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in Sweden: a nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Murley Chantelle , Tinghög Petter , Karampampa Korinna , Hillert Jan , Alexanderson Kristina , Friberg Emilie 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo explore sequences of annual states of activity and sickness absence (SA) or disability pension (DP) (SA/DP) among working-aged people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) as well as characteristics associated with the identified types of working-life sequences.DesignNationwide Swedish register-based cohort study from 1 year prior to 5 years after the year of multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis.SettingSweden.ParticipantsPwMS diagnosed in 2008–2011 when aged 20–55 (n=2652, 69.9% women).Primary and secondary outcome measuresIndividual-level sequences spanning 7 years were constructed with annual states regarding activity (income from paid work, student allowances, parental leave or unemployment compensation) and/or SA/DP. Types of working-life sequences were identified among the individuals’ sequences using hierarchical cluster analysis with optimal matching dissimilarity measures.ResultsSix types of working-life sequences were identified. The largest cluster, Stable High Activity, represented 48.4% of the cohort. Other types were: Stable High SA/DP (14.5%); Other (4.5%); and three types with mixed activity and varying SA/DP regarding the number of days/year and timing (32.6%). Characteristics of the different identified types of sequences were subsequently investigated. All types of sequences had lower odds for university education (OR range: 0.18–0.72) compared with Stable High Activity. Increasingly higher odds of having anxiety/depression compared with Stable High Activity were observed across the types of sequences, by increasing proportions of SA/DP. Stable High SA/DP sequences were less likely than Stable High Activity to be prescribed MS drugs in the MS diagnosis year (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.78). All types of sequences had higher disposable income in the final study year than the first, except for Stable High SA/DP sequences (Swedish Krona 4669, 95% CI −1892 to 11 230).ConclusionsDiversity in working life was influenced by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics resulting in different activity and SA/DP patterns across the six identified types of working-life sequences.
Care bundle to reduce readmission in patients with heart failure: a modified Delphi consensus panel in Argentina
Authors: Roberti Javier , Vita Tomás , Piastrella Jimena , Porley Carlos , Pereyra Lisandro , Diez Mirta , Renedo Florencia , Fairman Enrique , Fernández Alberto , Thierer Jorge , García Elorrio Ezequiel 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to develop consensus among Argentine cardiologists on a care bundle to reduce readmissions of patients with heart failure (HF).SettingHospitals and cardiology clinics in Argentina that provide in-hospital care for patients with HF.ParticipantsTwenty-four cardiology experts participated in the two online rounds and 18 (75%) of them participated in the third-round meeting.MethodsThis study used a mixed-method design; it was conducted between August 2019 and January 2020. The development of a care bundle (a set of evidence-based interventions applied to improve clinical outcomes) involved three phases: (1) a literature review to define the list of interventions to be evaluated; (2) a modified Delphi panel to select interventions for the bundle and (3) definition of the HF care bundle. Also, the process included three rounds of scoring.ResultsTwenty-six interventions were evaluated. The interventions in the final bundle covered four categories: medication, continuum of care, lifestyle habits, predischarge tests. These were: medication: beta-blockers, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors or ACE-inhibitors, furosemide and antimineralocorticoids; continuum of care: follow-up appointment, daily weight monitoring; lifestyle habits: smoking cessation counselling and low-sodium diet; predischarge tests: renal function, ionogram, blood pressure control, echocardiogram and determination of decompensating cause.ConclusionFollowing a systematic mixed-method approach, we have developed a care bundle of interventions that could decrease readmission of patients with HF. The application of this bundle could contribute to scale evidence-based interventions.
Diabetes mellitus and the risk of ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort and case–control studies
Authors: Wang Lihai , Zhong Lei , Xu Bin , Chen Min , Huang Hongxiao 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveEmerging evidence from observational studies (cohort and case–control studies) suggests that a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) has been linked to increased risk of ovarian cancer (OC), but the association between them remains inconclusive. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was to clarify this association.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library databases published from the inception through 9 April 2020 without language restriction. Observational studies that evaluated the correlation between DM and the incidence of OC were included in our study. Relative risk (RR) with 95% CI was pooled by use of a random-effects model.ResultsA total of 36 epidemiological articles, including 9 case–control and 27 cohort studies, were finally enrolled, consisting of 14 496 incident cases of OC. Synthesised RRs of developing OC by history of DM were 1.20 (95% CI=1.10 to 1.31) for all eligible studies, 1.08 (95% CI=0.77 to 1.53) for case–control studies and 1.22 (95% CI=1.11 to 1.33) for cohort studies. The above-mentioned positive association persisted across most of subgroup analyses, whereas it was not significant among studies from North American and European countries, level of unadjusted, and patients with low-quality and gestational DM group. The cumulative meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis showed pooled effect was stable and reliable, and no apparent publication bias was identified in this study.ConclusionsOur study found weaker but still association between DM and OC risk. However, further well-designed prospective studies that control for potential confounders are warranted.
Predictors of electronic cigarette use among Swedish teenagers: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Hedman Linnea , Backman Helena , Stridsman Caroline , Lundbäck Magnus , Andersson Martin , Rönmark Eva 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesThe aim was to identify predictors of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among teenagers.Design and settingA prospective population-based cohort study of schoolchildren in northern Sweden.ParticipantsIn 2006, a cohort study about asthma and allergic diseases among schoolchildren started within the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden studies. The study sample (n=2185) was recruited at age 7–8 years, and participated in questionnaire surveys at age 14–15 and 19 years. The questionnaire included questions about respiratory symptoms, living conditions, upper secondary education, physical activity, diet, health-related quality of life, parental smoking and parental occupation. Questions about tobacco use were included at age 14–15 and 19 years.Primary outcomeE-cigarette use at age 19 years.ResultsAt age 19 years, 21.4% had ever tried e-cigarettes and 4.2% were current users. Among those who were daily tobacco smokers at age 14–15 years, 60.9% had tried e-cigarettes at age 19 years compared with 19.1% of never-smokers and 34.0% of occasional smokers (p<0.001). Among those who had tried e-cigarettes, 28.1% were never smokers both at age 14–15 and 19 years, and 14.4% were never smokers among the current e-cigarette users. In unadjusted analyses, e-cigarette use was associated with daily smoking, use of snus and having a smoking father at age 14–15 years, as well as with attending vocational education, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. In adjusted analyses, current e-cigarette use was associated with daily tobacco smoking at age 14–15 years (OR 6.27; 95% CI 3.12 to 12.58), attending a vocational art programme (OR 2.22; 95% CI 1.04 to 4.77) and inversely associated with eating a healthy diet (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.92).ConclusionsE-cigarette use was associated with personal and parental tobacco use, as well as with physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and attending vocational upper secondary education. Importantly, almost one-third of those who had tried e-cigarettes at age 19 years had never been tobacco smokers.
Interpreting the Lancet surgical indicators in Somaliland: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dahir Shukri , Cotache-Condor Cesia F , Concepcion Tessa , Mohamed Mubarak , Poenaru Dan , Adan Ismail Edna , Leather Andy J M , Rice Henry E , Smith Emily R 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe unmet burden of surgical care is high in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) proposed six indicators to guide the development of national plans for improving and monitoring access to essential surgical care. This study aimed to characterise the Somaliland surgical health system according to the LCoGS indicators and provide recommendations for next-step interventions.MethodsIn this cross-sectional nationwide study, the WHO’s Surgical Assessment Tool–Hospital Walkthrough and geographical mapping were used for data collection at 15 surgically capable hospitals. LCoGS indicators for preparedness was defined as access to timely surgery and specialist surgical workforce density (surgeons, anaesthesiologists and obstetricians/SAO), delivery was defined as surgical volume, and impact was defined as protection against impoverishment and catastrophic expenditure. Indicators were compared with the LCoGS goals and were stratified by region.ResultsThe healthcare system in Somaliland does not meet any of the six LCoGS targets for preparedness, delivery or impact. We estimate that only 19% of the population has timely access to essential surgery, less than the LCoGS goal of 80% coverage. The number of specialist SAO providers is 0.8 per 100 000, compared with an LCoGS goal of 20 SAO per 100 000. Surgical volume is 368 procedures per 100 000 people, while the LCoGS goal is 5000 procedures per 100 000. Protection against impoverishing expenditures was only 18% and against catastrophic expenditures 1%, both far below the LCoGS goal of 100% protection.ConclusionWe found several gaps in the surgical system in Somaliland using the LCoGS indicators and target goals. These metrics provide a broad view of current status and gaps in surgical care, and can be used as benchmarks of progress towards universal health coverage for the provision of safe, affordable, and timely surgical, obstetric and anaesthesia care in Somaliland.
Impact of the eye clinic liaison officer at an NHS foundation trust: a retrospective study
Authors: Menon Vaishnavi , Treen Talia , Burdon Michael A , Batra Ruchika 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveVision loss has a significant impact on physical, mental and social well-being. Eye clinic liaison officers (ECLOs) have a crucial role in providing holistic care for patients with visual impairment. The aim of this study was to review the work of an ECLO over a period of 1 year at an NHS Trust to determine the volume of work and the areas of support provided by the ECLO.Methods and analysisA secondary data analysis of the ECLO case notes for all patients reviewed by the ECLO at University Hospitals Birmingham (UHB) NHS Trust during the year 2019, was performed. Demographic data and certification of visual impairment (CVI) status were noted. The main outcome variable recorded was the categories of support provided by the ECLO. Case vignettes were chosen to illustrate the variety of support offered to individual patients.ResultsA total of 1127 consecutive participants were reviewed by the ECLO at University Hospitals Birmingham (UHB) NHS Trust during the year 2019. Areas of support most commonly provided by the ECLO included aiding the process of registration for CVI, and assistance in accessing benefits,social support and low vision support. Severely sight impaired patients required significantly more areas of support than sight impaired patients (Χ2=52.7, p=2.16×10−6). Three case vignettes, chosen by the ECLO, highlighted the positive impact of the ECLO with respect to emotional support, practical advice and as a point of contact ensuring continuity of care, also during the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionsThe ECLO at UHB NHS Trust provides a core patient service within the ophthalmology department by being a key source of practical and emotional support and the crucial link between healthcare, social care and voluntary services.