bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ash Chemistries on TDDB Lifetime of Cu/ULK Interconnects
Authors: Chen L. -C. , Lai J. B. , Yang J. L. , Huang Renee , Huang R. L. , Su David H. , Tsai J. S. , Shieh J. H. , Jang S. M. , Liang M. S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The effect of ash chemistries, N2/H2 and H2, on time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) lifetime has been investigated for Cu damascene structure with a carbon-doped CVD ultra low-k (ULK, k=2.5) intermetal dielectric. Two failure modes, interfacial Cu-ion-migration and Cu diffusion through the bulk intermetal ULK were attributed to the TDDB degradation for the H2 ash.The interfacial Cu-ion-migration was the only dominated failure mode for the N2/H2 ash. The nitrogen species in the N2/H2 plasma proved to be capable of forming a nitrided protection layer on the surface of the ULK. This nitrided layer suppressed further plasma damage during the ash process and thus lessened the TDDB degradation by preventing Cu diffusion through the bulk ULK.
Unique Autoclave Stress Induced Failure Mechanism
Authors: Butchko John , Gillette Bruce T. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Autoclave Stress failures were encountered at the 96 hour read during transistor reliability testing. A unique metal corrosion mechanism was found during the failure analysis, which was creating a contamination path to the drain source junction, resulting in high Idss and Igss leakage. The Al(Si) top metal was oxidizing along the grain boundaries at a faster rate than at the surface. There was subsurface blistering of the Al(Si), along with the grain boundary corrosion. This blistering was creating a contamination path from the package to the Si surface. Several variations in the metal stack were evaluated to better understand the cause of the failures and to provide a process solution. The prevention of intergranular metal corrosion and subsurface blistering during autoclave testing required a materials change from Al(Si) to Al(Si)(Cu). This change resulted in a reduced corrosion rate and consequently prevented Si contamination due to blistering. The process change resulted in a successful pass through the autoclave testing.
Development of High Accuracy Automatic Magnification Calibration Function for Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope
Authors: Inada Hiromi , Terauchi D. , Takane A. , Aizawa S. , Tanaka H. , Tsuneta R. , Nakamura K. , Konno M. , Ozawa M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the field of semiconductor development and failure analysis, metrology of layers such as gate oxide layer is one of the important analysis due to determine semiconductor itself characteristics. The number of requirements of metrology is increasing by using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. High accurate metrology depends on accuracy of magnification of electron microscope. We developed accurate magnification calibration for scanning transmission microscope. This method is carried out by using micro scale specimen and silicon single crystal lattice fringe images. We achieved absolute magnification error of less than 2% for all magnification. This microscope provides high accuracy metrology for semiconductor device. We describe an automatic magnification calibration function for the high magnification range required to accurately measure features from a few to tens of nm in size.
An Overview of 300 mm SOI Starting Wafer Quality and Its Yield Detractors
Authors: Tsai Pei Y. , Lee Junedong , Ronsheim Paul , Burns Lindsay , Murphy Richard , Almonte Marlene , Pfeiffer Gerd , Kleinhenz Richard , Guse Michael , Hovel H.J. , Sadana D.K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A stringent sampling plan is developed to monitor and improve the quality of 300mm SOI (silicon on insulator) starting wafers procured from the suppliers. The ultimate goal is to obtain the defect free wafers for device fabrication and increase yield and circuit performance of the semiconductor integrated circuits. This paper presents various characterization techniques for QC monitor and examples of the typical defects attributed to wafer manufacturing processes.
Integration of Package Analysis Tools to Solve Discontinuity Failures
Authors: Tan Kevan V. , Hsiung Steve K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Driven by ever increasing pin-counts and device performance, analyses of multi-layer package substrate failures are increasingly challenging. The tried method of global deprocessing delivers diminishing returns. Increasingly, an entire suite of specialized package analysis tools is needed to complement each other and achieve root-cause.
The Study and Methodology of Defects Isolation For Contacts of Non-Isolated Active Region on New Logic Designs
Authors: Wang C. H. , Shen C. M. , Lin C. J. , Lee Z. H. , Chou J. H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With the advancement in technology and lower operating voltage, new standards have evolved in circuit layout and design. Some of these new standards have increased the difficulties of the physical failure analysis process, especially on the front-end. The phenomenon described in this paper is the unusual voltage contrast (VC) and conductive atomic force microscope (C-AFM) curve on a non-isolated active region. The model and mechanism are demonstrated for front-end failure analysis. Based on this, the solution for analysis is investigated.
Sectioning Integrated Circuit Ceramic Packages for Improved Electromigration Failure Analysis
Authors: Tracy Bryan , Barragan Jonnie , Grimberg Ilana , Raz Efrat 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article presents a step-by-step sample preparation method for the cross sectioning of silicon die in a ceramic package without the need for die removal or epoxy encapsulation. The sample preparation includes sawing the package, sample mounting to the polishing stub, and FIB cutting the area of interest and SEM Exam. In addition, a discussion on an automatic polishing method is included. This method is applicable for a broad range of silicon (Si) die package technologies and has also been successfully used on "TSOP" and state-of-the-art microprocessor packages which include the "organic" substrate, the Si die, and the massive copper die lid. The entire failure analysis is done at room temperature, eliminating any questions about sample preparation artifacts. Because the sample is imaged in the SEM at 90 degrees, much improved layer detail and voids microstructure is present in the final image.
Traditional and Complementary Medicine (T&CM) Use and its Association with Diabetic Control among Diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Centre, Kuantan Pahang
Authors: Zainab ZA Nurain , AR Nur Syahirah , R Nurtasneem , MF Mohd Al-Baqlish , S Mohd Ridzuan , MA Edre 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is a major global health concern worldwide. The fact that it is a lifelong chronic illness contributes to the increasing tendency of seeking traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM), yet study regarding this remains limited. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of T&CM use among diabetic patients and its association with diabetic control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted at Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA), Kuantan between July and August 2018. Following written consent, 136 type 2 adult diabetic patients in medical ward and those attending diabetic clinic were interviewed regarding the use of T&CM; and their blood investigation results were collected from patients’ medical records. A data collection form was used as study instrument. Descriptive statistic was used to measure the prevalence while chi-square test and independent t-test were used to find associations between T&CM use and study background and diabetic control. RESULTS: Low prevalence of T&CM use (16.9%) was found, predominated by retiree group (p<0.05). Majority of patients used T&CM as additional treatment for diabetes (60.9%) and the usage was influenced by friends, family members and advertisement. There was a significant difference in Glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) levels between inpatient and outpatient T&CM users (p><0.05). CONCLUSION: 1 in every 6 diabetic patients in HTAA, Kuantan were using T&CM along with conventional diabetic medications in which retirees are predominated. No associations were found between T&CM uses and diabetic control. Outpatient T&CM users had lower HbA1c level with higher eGFR compared to inpatient users. ><0.05). Majority of patients used T&CM as additional treatment for diabetes (60.9%) and the usage was influenced by friends, family members and advertisement. There was a significant difference in Glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) levels between inpatient and outpatient T&CM users (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: 1 in every 6 diabetic patients in HTAA, Kuantan were using T&CM along with conventional diabetic medications in which retirees are predominated. No associations were found between T&CM uses and diabetic control. Outpatient T&CM users had lower HbA1c level with higher eGFR compared to inpatient users.
Histopathological Changes in Chronic Low Dose Organic Arsenic Exposure in Rats Kidney
Authors: WS. Wan Muhamad Salahudin , A. Nor Zamzila , A.T. Norlelawati , Aung Sanda , H. Asmah Hanim , B. Zunariah 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: Exposure to environmental arsenic remains a major public health challenge. Human is exposed to arsenic from groundwater as a result of anthropogenic activities. Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic has been linked with multiple medical conditions. Therefore, many agricultural countries have shifted the use of inorganic to the organic-based herbicide, monosodium methylarsonate (MSMA). However, with increasing numbers of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu), chronic exposure to herbicide is believed as one of the potential explanations. To date, studies on chronic effects of organic arsenic on the kidney are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic oral organic arsenic exposure on the rat’s kidney. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Thirty-six Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into treatment and its corresponding control groups according to the duration of observations either 2, 4 or 6 months. Both groups were subdivided into three subgroups, each with six animals per subgroup. The treatment groups were given oral MSMA at 63.20 mg/kg body weight, while control groups received distilled water. At the end of each duration, blood was collected for the renal profile, urine for neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) marker, and kidney tissues were harvested for arsenic level measurement and histological analysis. RESULTS:Arsenic level and urinary NGAL were higher in all treatment groups than its corresponding control groups. Histological findings showed progressive pathological changes in the glomeruli and proximal tubules. CONCLUSIONS:Chronic oral exposure to low dose organic arsenic has demonstrated evidence of kidney injury in rats.
PERCEPÇÕES DE LICENCIANDOS EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS RELACIONADAS À DISCIPLINA BIOQUÍMICA E SUA TRATATIVA NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA E SUPERIOR
Authors: Herculano Gomes da Silva José Sérgio , Maciel Barros Pontes Andressa Raquel , De Souza Maria Clara , Gonçalves dos Santos Victor Manoel , De Araújo Castro Yasmim Alline 
Published: December 2020

A disciplina Bioquímica, trabalhada na Educação Básica e Superior, acumula um caráter tradicional ede difícil assimilação pelos discentes, principalmente por tratar de estruturas invisíveis a olho nu emuitas vezes só imagináveis, sendo importante a percepção dos alunos para melhorias na qualidade doensino-aprendizagem desse conteúdo. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar ediscutir as percepções de licenciandos em Ciências Biológicas de uma Instituição Federal de EnsinoSuperior relacionada à disciplina Bioquímica, bem como sua tratativa em sala de aula. Para arespectiva participação, os discentes foram informados dos objetivos da pesquisa e concordaram emparticipar através do preenchimento de um Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE).Posteriormente, responderam um questionário contendo 14 questões relacionadas a aspectosdetalhados acerca de suas experiências ao longo da disciplina. Nesse sentido, os resultados apontaram,em sua maioria, uma avaliação negativa aos métodos utilizados na ministração das aulas não só emtermos de dificuldades na absorção dos temas propostos, como também na forma como foramdesenvolvidos, apontando assim uma falha principalmente na escolha das chamadas metodologiasativas para aplicação do conteúdo. Além disso, foi observada uma preocupação dos discentes emrelação à melhor forma de ministrar a disciplina Bioquímica, através de metodologias adequadas, vistoque num futuro próximo os estudantes estarão na posição de professores e terão que decidir quaismetodologias aplicarão para permitir uma aprendizagem efetiva a seus alunos. Portanto, cabe umareflexão em busca de uma melhora incessante no desenvolvimento dos temas propostos de uma forma que não comprometa a qualidade da aula, mas que mantenha o interesse dos discentes durante todo ocurso, através de um equilíbrio entre a teoria e a prática. Desse modo, a Bioquímica, como disciplinabase da graduação em ciências Biológicas, poderá gerar graduandos mais completos e futurosprofessores comprometidos em repassar seus conteúdos de uma maneira que facilite o processo deensino-aprendizagem e uma compreensão efetiva dos temas estudados.
ESTIMASI STOK KARBON EKOSISTEM MANGROVE PASIR PUTIH PULAU BAWEAN DESA SUKAONENG
Authors: Yusra Yusra Yusra , Sulistiyowati Hari 
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan stok karbon ekosistem mangrove Pasir Putih Pulau Bawean. Metode yang dilakukan adalah sampling semi destruktif, dilakukan pada 100 plot dengan ukuran 10 x 10 meter. Pada setiap plot dilakukan identifikasi dan pencatatan jumlah individu, pengambilan sampel ranting, pengukuran keliling batang, tinggi batang untuk menentukan biomassa dan stok karbon mangrove. Hasil perhitungan stok karbon menunjukkan bahwa jenis Sonneratia alba memiliki stok karbon tertinggi yaitu 109.755,79 ton C/ha, sedangkan Rhizophora apiculata memiliki stok karbon paling kecil yaitu 1.364,84 ton C/ha. Perbedaan nilai stok karbon dipengaruhi oleh umur pohon, diameter pohon, berat jenis, dan jumlah pohon. Hasil perhitungan terhadap nilai total stok karbon menunjukkan bahwa mangrove berkontribusi terhadap penurunan emisi karbon sebesar 196.841,16 ton C/ha. Jadi total stok karbon yang tersimpan di ekosistem mangrove Pasir Putih Pulau Bawean Desa Sukaoneng Sukaoneng Kecamatan Tambak Kabupaten Gresik, Jawa Timur adalah 196.841,16 ton C/ha.
The Prediction of Lymphohematopoietic Diseases by Incidentally-Detected Diffuse Signal Alterations of Bone Marrow on MRI
Authors: Ciftciler Rafiye , Oguz Kader Karlı , Buyukasik Yahya 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Advanced imaging techniques are increasingly used in the diagnostic workup of patients. The clinical significance of incidentally-detected signal alterations of the bone marrow on magnetic resonance imaging has not been widely studied. The purpose of this study was to determine whether bone marrow signal changing on magnetic resonance imaging could predict a hematologic disease.
Materials and Methods: Thirty patients who were referred to Hematology department due to bone marrow signal alteration on magnetic resonance imaging between the years of 2011 and 2018 were evaluated.
Results: There were 8 males and 22 females with a median age of 53 (range, 31–86) years at the time of presentation to the Hematology clinic. The magnetic resonance imaging studies had been taken because the patients had complaints of pain in extremities or lumbago (80%). The patients had been followed for median 4.5 months (0-71.7). Six (20%) cases had a bone marrow biopsy at presentation and a diagnosis was established in 5 (16.6%) of them (1 patient was diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia, 4 patients were diagnosed multiple myeloma). Marrow biopsy was done in 11 of the cases during follow-up median 3.8 months (1.3-11.5) after presentation. A diagnosis was made in 9 cases (5 patients were diagnosed multiple myeloma, 2 patients were diagnosed follicular lymphoma, 1 patient was diagnosed waldenstrom macroglobulinemia). Thirteen cases never had a biopsy. These cases had been followed for 1.3 months (0-71.7). None of them showed clinical abnormalities related to a lymphohematopoietic disorder and/or diagnosed with such a disorder. Only 1 patient was diagnosed with osteomalacia at follow-up.
Conclusion: Incidentally-detected signal alterations of the bone marrow on magnetic resonance imaging should trigger investigations for a marrow problem. Most of the diagnosis patients were multiple myeloma. Extremity pain and findings like anemia may be associated with lymphohematological malignancies.
Distance course: features of development and use
Authors: Dushchenko Olha 
Published: December 2020

In 2013, the Regulation on Distance Learning came into force, probably then no one could have imagined that distance learning would be as popular around the world as it is now. In general, the purpose of developing distance education was to provide the opportunity to receive education in another city or country, but without the direct presence of a person, presence only in the most necessary circumstances, including state exams, thesis defense, and so on. Apropos, even before 2013, distance learning was used in the most famous institutions of higher education in the world.
The present is impossible to imagine without distance learning. What has only recently become an isolated phenomenon has become widespread. But at the same time there is a problem of how to effectively organize the educational process using distance learning technologies. The solution to this problem is to use an educational platform, in particular, the Moodle platform.
The creation of courses on the Moodle platform with a description of the main stages is characterized. The possibilities of the Moodle educational platform are described and the developed distance courses on the Moodle platform are presented, in particular "Computer networks and the Internet", "Computer graphics and design of polygraphic editions", "Computer design and multimedia", "Programming Internet-oriented applications", which consist of such sections as instructional, which also contains a chat and a forum, lectures, laboratory (practical) works, independent work, modular control work, exam, individual training. The advantages and disadvantages of using distance learning are presented.
MARKETING DIGITAL WISATA PINUS ECOPARK DALAM ETIKA BISNIS ISLAM DI LAMPUNG BARAT
Authors: Setyawan Dharma , Sundari Fina 
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang bagaimana strategi promosi pengembangan wisata Pinus Ecopark melalui media sosial dalam perspektif etika bisnis islam. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research), sedangkan sifat penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan tehnik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Dan semua data-data tersebut dianalisa secara induktif.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, strategi promosi pengembangan Wisata Pinus Ecopark yang digunakan oleh pengelola wisata yaitu melalui berbagai variabel promosi diantaranya yaitu periklanan, penjualan personal, promosi penjualan, hubungan masyarakat, dan pemasaran langsung. Dalam melakukan kegiatan promosi pengelola wisata pinus ecopark telah melakukan promosi sesuai dengan etika bisnis islam, namun ada hal yang menjadi permasalahan dan percekcokan yang menyebabkan kesalahpahaman diantara postingan pengelola wisata dengan pengunjung wisata, dimana postingan gambar spot foto yang sudah lama tidak di perbaharui oleh pengelola wisata, sehingga membuat beberapa pengunjung menjadi kecewa karena kesalahpahaman tersebut.
Pemikiran Awang Sariyan Terhadap Konsep Al-Falah dalam Akal Budi Melayu
Authors: Daud Zainora , Sulaiman Mashitah 
Published: December 2020

Pengertian al-falah dalam surah al-Mukminun menggarapkan ciri-ciri mukmin cemerlang ialah yang memiliki kekhusyukan dalam solat, menjauhkan perkara-perkara yang melalaikan, menunaikan zakat, menjaga maruah serta kehormatan, memelihara solat, menunaikan tanggungjawab dan sebagainya. Ini bermakna al-falah dalam konteks sebenar ialah mukmin yang melaksanakan segala perintah Allah dan menjauhkan segala laranganNya untuk mendapat keseimbangan al-falah di dunia dan akhirat. Begitu juga konsep al-falah juga memainkan peranan yang penting dalam kehidupan setiap individu Muslim. Apakah pemahaman sebenar konsep al-falah dalam akal budi Melayu?. Oleh yang demikian, kertas kerja ini hanya mengupas tentang konsep al-falah dalam akal budi Melayu dari perspektif golongan kelas menengah Melayu Profesional menerusi pemikiran Prof Dato' Dr. Haji Awang Sariyan, sebagai seorang tokoh bahasa Melayu dan Kesusasteraan. Kertas kerja ini memfokuskan dari aspek definisi al-falah, faktor-faktor yang menyumbang kepada al-falah dan cabaran-cabaran yang dihadapi dalam mencapai al-falah. Kajian ini berbentuk kajian kualitatif menerusi analisis tematik dengan penggunaan instrumen temubual. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa definisi al-falah merangkumi kejayaan seimbang, pengorbanan, secara berjemaah, kepuasan diri dan interaksi antara tokoh-tokoh sarjana. Dua elemen penting dalam menghargai konsep al-falah dalam akal budi Melayu ialah kejayaan perlu dikongsi dan istiqamah serta elemen kepuasasan diri adalah alat untuk mengukur hasil al-falah. Ibu bapa, guru dan cita-cita, pendidikan jiwa dan program keagamaan merupakan faktor-faktor terpenting al-falah. Manakala cabaran-cabaran dalam mencapai al-falah ialah kemiskinan, motivasi guru, keselesaan hidup, bekerjasama dalam pasukan, lari dari sistem Islam dan kembali kepada ajaran Islam. Kesimpulannya, pendekatan al-falah yang diamalkan terhadap akal budi Melayu ini memberikan satu kesan positif yang sangat baik dalam konteks kehidupan dunia dan akhirat, diharap konsep al-falah ini dapat dikembangkan dan diadaptasi dalam bentuk modul dan pelan tindakan pembangunan sahsiah dan peribadi Melayu Islam.

Keywords: Pemikiran, al-Falah, Akal budi, Melayu Profesional, Prof Dato' Dr. Haji Awang Sariyan