bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensuring durability of community-university engagement in a challenging context: Empirical evidence on Science Shops
Authors: Vargiu Andrea , Cocco Mariantonietta , Ghibellini Valentina 
Published: December 2019

Universities’ community engagement is confronted with growing pressure from increased competition and marketisation of knowledge, along with widespread adoption of New Public Management measures. This context is notably challenging for forms of engagement that are based on such principles and practices as cooperation, knowledge democracy and public value. Within this framework, this article identifies competencies and strategies that may ensure durability of community-university partnerships.
The article presents the results of two different, yet coherently connected, research endeavours on Science Shops in Europe. Science Shops are a unique way to organise relationships between science and society mainly by responding to research questions arising from citizens and/or Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), usually by means of a participatory methodology and active involvement of students.
Empirical evidence for this article was gathered by means of a wide range of different techniques, such as structured questionnaires, focus groups, interviews, direct observation and document analysis. In the first research effort, a questionnaire was delivered to European Science Shops in order to produce mainly descriptive statistics prior to progressing to case studies and focus groups which would generate more in-depth knowledge and understanding. The second study program was connected to formative and summative evaluation of a European Commission funded project aimed at embedding Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) in Higher Education curricula through Science Shops (namely EnRRICH – Enhancing Responsible Research and Innovation through Curricula in Higher education). Participatory evaluation was carried out mainly on pilot projects run by project partners.
Results are discussed in the light of relevant literature regarding possible strategic assets that may enable Science Shops and Community Engagement units to overcome observed fragility and ensure durability. This can be pursued through systematic mobilisation of specific knowledge, competencies and abilities. Combinatory capacity and boundary spanning are pinpointed as specific components of Science Shops’ action, which – we maintain – are also key strategic assets to consolidate their role and ensure durability. The distinction between the ‘instrumental/operational’ and ‘strategic’ function of boundary spanning is introduced in order to analytically develop this argument.
The University of Gondar, Queen’s University and Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program: A partnership for disability-inclusive higher education in Ethiopia
Authors: Aldersey Heather M , Abera Mikyas , Mzinganjira Anushka , Abebe Solomon , Demissie Solomon 
Published: December 2019

This article describes the development and implementation process of an innovative 10-year partnership that draws on the strengths of existing community-based rehabilitation programs to support new education and leadership development activities in Ethiopia. Current global estimates indicate that over 17 million people may be affected by disability in Ethiopia. The national population projection for 2017 indicates that approximately 80 per cent of the population resides in underserved rural areas, with limited to no access to necessary health, rehabilitation, or social services. The University of Gondar (UoG) in Ethiopia has been serving people with disabilities in and around the North Gondar Zone since its inception in the mid-1950s. Over the years, its various units have designed and implemented numerous projects, employing alternative institutional and community-based models to promote the wellbeing of people with disabilities. Lessons drawn from these initiatives and shifts in health and social work practice informed UoG’s decision to establish its Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) program in 2005.
Given a shared commitment to the principles and practice of CBR, the UoG is presently collaborating with the International Centre for the Advancement of Community Based Rehabilitation (ICACBR) at Queen’s University in Canada to create new disability-related education and mentorship opportunities. These include community-based research and internship opportunities for undergraduate and graduate scholars through a shared Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program. The two institutions, in collaboration with the Mastercard Foundation, have an overall goal of creating a disability-inclusive campus and regional rehabilitation hub at UoG.
In this article, the authors discuss the unique collaborative structure of project management and implementation, and the embeddedness of university-community engagement to meet project objectives informed by the North–South/South–North partnership models. They also provide critical insights to, and reflections on, the challenges inherent in international, interdisciplinary university-community collaboration and the benefits from enhancing higher education in both Ethiopia and Canada. In contrast to shorter term or smaller projects that rely heavily on individual champions, this article focuses on larger scale, process-oriented institutional learning.
Solvent‐Mediated C3/C7 Regioselective Switch in Chiral Phosphoric Acid‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with α‐Ketiminoesters
Authors: Zhao Yunlong , Cai Lu , Huang Tongkun , Meng Shanshui , Chan Albert S. C. , Zhao Junling 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe first solvent‐mediated tunable C3/C7 regio‐ and enantioselective Friedel‐Crafts alkylation of 4‐aminoindoles with α‐ketimino esters has been developed. This catalysis allows the highly regioselective formation of indole C3 and C7 alkylation products, both in high yields (up to 96%) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). Mechanism study revealed that the hydrogen‐bonding interactions of the solvents with the catalyst played a vital role for the regioselectivity switch. Furthermore, the corresponding products are indole containing unnatural α‐amino acid derivatives bearing a quaternary stereocenter and enable many further elaborations.magnified image
Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure β,β‐Diaryl β‐Hydroxy‐α‐Amino Acids and Evaluation of Their Potential as Organocatalysts
Authors: Arimitsu Satoru , Oshiro Koki , Endo Katsuki , Gima Emi , Poorsadeghi Samira 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA general synthetic procedure was developed for enantiomerically pure β,β‐diaryl β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino acids 5, starting from readily available oxazolidine ester 1 and a wide variety of Grignard reagents. The problematic oxidative decomposition of β‐aminodiols 3, due to their instability in the presence of metallic oxidants, was successfully suppressed using Parikh‐Doering oxidation and subsequent Pinnick oxidation. Additionally, the organocatalytic ability of β,β‐diaryl β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino acids 5 was evaluated with respect to asymmetric fluorination of 2‐phenylpropionaldehyde 6, and moderate enantioselectivity, 61%, was achieved using compound 5 f.
Formation and Out‐of‐Equilibrium, High/Low State Switching of a Nitroaldol Dynamer in Neutral Aqueous Media
Authors: Karalius Antanas , Zhang Yang , Kravchenko Oleksandr , Elofsson Ulla , Szabó Zoltán , Yan Mingdi , Ramström Olof 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe nitroaldol reaction is demonstrated as an efficient dynamic covalent reaction in phosphate buffers at neutral pH. Rapid equilibration was recorded with pyridine‐based aldehydes, and dynamic oligomerization could be achieved, leading to nitroaldol dynamers of up to 17 repeating units. The dynamers were applied in a coherent stimuli‐responsive molecular system in which larger dynamers transiently existed out‐of‐equilibrium in a neutral aqueous system rich in formaldehyde, controlled by nitromethane.
Site‐Specific Hyperphosphorylation Inhibits, Rather than Promotes, Tau Fibrillization, Seeding Capacity, and Its Microtubule Binding
Authors: Haj‐Yahya Mahmood , Gopinath Pushparathinam , Rajasekhar Kolla , Mirbaha Hilda , Diamond Marc I. , Lashuel Hilal A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe consistent observation of phosphorylated tau in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease has contributed to the emergence of a model where hyperphosphorylation triggers both tau disassociation from microtubules and its subsequent aggregation. Herein, we applied a total chemical synthetic approach to site‐specifically phosphorylate the microtubule binding repeat domain of tau (K18) at single (pS356) or multiple (pS356/pS262 and pS356/pS262/pS258) residues. We show that hyperphosphorylation of K18 inhibits 1) its aggregation in vitro, 2) its seeding activity in cells, 3) its binding to microtubules, and 4) its ability to promote microtubule polymerization. The inhibition increased with increasing the number of phosphorylated sites, with phosphorylation at S262 having the strongest effect. Our results argue against the hyperphosphorylation hypothesis and underscore the importance of revisiting the role of site‐specific hyperphosphorylation in regulating tau functions in health and disease.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones and Enones with Chiral Lewis Base Derived Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Gao Bochao , Feng Xiangqing , Meng Wei , Du Haifeng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe concept of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) has been widely applied in various research areas, and metal‐free hydrogenation undoubtedly belongs to the most significant and successful ones. In the past decade, great efforts have been devoted to the synthesis of chiral boron Lewis acids. In a sharp contrast, chiral Lewis base derived FLPs have rarely been disclosed for the asymmetric hydrogenation. In this work, a novel type of chiral FLP was developed by simple combination of chiral oxazoline Lewis bases with achiral boron Lewis acids, thus providing a promising new direction for the development of chiral FLPs in the future. These chiral FLPs proved to be highly effective for the asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones, enones, and chromones, giving the corresponding products in high yields with up to 95 % ee. Mechanistic studies suggest that the hydrogen transfer to simple ketones likely proceeds in a concerted manner.
Unprecedented Selectivity of Ruthenium Iodide Benzylidenes in Olefin Metathesis Reactions
Authors: Nechmad Noy B. , Phatake Ravindra , Ivry Elisa , Poater Albert , Lemcoff N. Gabriel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe development of selective olefin metathesis catalysts is crucial to achieving new synthetic pathways. Herein, we show that cis‐diiodo/sulfur‐chelated ruthenium benzylidenes do not react with strained cycloalkenes and internal olefins, but can effectively catalyze metathesis reactions of terminal dienes. Surprisingly, internal olefins may partake in olefin metathesis reactions once the ruthenium methylidene intermediate has been generated. This unexpected behavior allows the facile formation of strained cis‐cyclooctene by the RCM reaction of 1,9‐undecadiene. Moreover, cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene may be transformed into small cyclic molecules, including its smallest precursor, 1,5‐cyclooctadiene, by the use of this novel sequence. Norbornenes, including the reactive dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), remain unscathed even in the presence of terminal olefin substrates as they are too bulky to approach the diiodo ruthenium methylidene. The experimental results are accompanied by thorough DFT calculations.
Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Poly‐Pseudorotaxanes into Artificial Microtubules
Authors: Hwang Wooseup , Yoo Jejoong , Hwang In‐Chul , Lee Jiyeon , Ko Young Ho , Kim Hyun Woo , Kim Younghoon , Lee Yeonsang , Hur Moon Young , Park Kyeng Min , Seo Jongcheol , Baek Kangkyun , Kim Kimoon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHierarchical self‐assembly of building blocks over multiple length scales is ubiquitous in living organisms. Microtubules are one of the principal cellular components formed by hierarchical self‐assembly of nanometer‐sized tubulin heterodimers into protofilaments, which then associate to form micron‐length‐scale, multi‐stranded tubes. This peculiar biological process is now mimicked with a fully synthetic molecule, which forms a 1:1 host‐guest complex with cucurbit[7]uril as a globular building block, and then polymerizes into linear poly‐pseudorotaxanes that associate laterally with each other in a self‐shape‐complementary manner to form a tubular structure with a length over tens of micrometers. Molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the tubular assembly consists of eight poly‐pseudorotaxanes that wind together to form a 4.5 nm wide multi‐stranded tubule.
Precise Size‐Selective Sieving of Nanoparticles Using a Highly Oriented Two‐Dimensional Supramolecular Polymer
Authors: Chen Zhen , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe development of size‐selective membranes with well‐defined nanopores towards the precise separation of nanometer‐sized substances is a challenging task to achieve. Here a supramolecular membrane is presented that comprises a highly oriented, honeycomb‐like, 2D supramolecular polymer on a polycarbonate filter support. It enables precise size‐selective sieving of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs). Owing to the uniform parallel‐aligned nanocavities within the 2D supramolecular polymers, the composite membrane shows a high size‐selectivity with a sub‐nanometer accuracy in the cutoff size of about 4.0 nm. In principle, the species of size‐separable particles are unlimited, as demonstrated by quantum dots, noble metal, and metal oxide NPs. This supramolecular membrane combined with filtration advances the potential of NPs in terms of their monochromatic emission and size monodispersity, and also enables rapid removal of small magnetic NP adsorbents that are otherwise difficult to capture.
Impact of the Spatial Organization of Bifunctional Metal–Zeolite Catalysts on the Hydroisomerization of Light Alkanes
Authors: Cheng Kang , van der Wal Lars I. , Yoshida Hideto , Oenema Jogchum , Harmel Justine , Zhang Zhaorong , Sunley Glenn , Zečević Jovana , de Jong Krijn P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImproving product selectivity by controlling the spatial organization of functional sites at the nanoscale is a critical challenge in bifunctional catalysis. We present a series of composite bifunctional catalysts consisting of one‐dimensional zeolites (ZSM‐22 and mordenite) and a γ‐alumina binder, with platinum particles controllably deposited either on the alumina binder or inside the zeolite crystals. The hydroisomerization of n‐heptane demonstrates that the catalysts with platinum particles on the binder, which separates platinum and acid sites at the nanoscale, leads to a higher yield of desired isomers than catalysts with platinum particles inside the zeolite crystals. Platinum particles within the zeolite crystals impose pronounced diffusion limitations on reaction intermediates, which leads to secondary cracking reactions, especially for catalysts with narrow micropores or large zeolite crystals. These findings extend the understanding of the “intimacy criterion” for the rational design of bifunctional catalysts for the conversion of low‐molecular‐weight reactants.
Selective Expression of Chromophores in a Single Molecule: Soft Organic Crystals Exhibiting Full‐Colour Tunability and Dynamic Triplet‐Exciton Behaviours
Authors: Li Wenlang , Huang Qiuyi , Mao Zhu , Zhao Juan , Wu Huiyan , Chen Junru , Yang Zhan , Li Yang , Yang Zhiyong , Zhang Yi , Aldred Matthew P. , Chi Zhenguo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSoft luminescent materials are attractive for optoelectronic applications, however, switching dominant chromophores for property enrichment remains a challenge. Herein, we report the first case of a soft organic molecule (DOS) featuring selective expression of chromophores. In response to various external stimuli, different chromophores of DOS can take turns working through conformation changes, exhibiting full‐colour emissions peaking from 469 nm to 583 nm from ten individual single crystals. Dynamic triplet‐exciton behaviours including thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP), mechanoluminescence (ML), and distinct mechano‐responsive luminescence (MRL) can all be realized. This novel designed DOS molecule provides a multifunctional platform for detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), multicolour dynamic displays, sensing, anticounterfeiting, and hopefully many others.
The unconscious in terror: An overview of psychoanalytic contributions to the psychology of terrorism and violent radicalization
Authors: Cohen Shuki J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis overview provides a brief survey of the major psychoanalytic frameworks and concepts that were put forth throughout the years for understanding socio‐political violence and terrorism. In lieu of exhaustiveness, which is hindered by scope limitations, this overview maps the general ‘phylogenesis’, or the intellectual evolution and derivation of psychoanalytic theorizing about the subject, while putting more specific models within the context of the major developments (or splintering) in psychoanalytic theory that inspired or preceded them. Geared towards the English‐speaking reader, this overview attempts to undo some of the Americanocentric cultural bias that may still exist in the psychoanalytic literature in general and that of political violence in particular ‐ especially after 9/11. As such, it preferentially expounds upon theories that may be more popular outside the United States and/or have not yet been comprehensively translated to English, such as Marxist, post‐structuralist and ‘continental’ philosophical approaches to political violence. Further, since theories of political violence are arguably more prone to amnesia and to ‘reinvention of the wheel’ for a variety of reasons, this overview is slightly more detailed in describing early concepts and scholars that may still be useful in conceptualizing present‐day terrorism. The overview ends with a selective survey of innovative clinical and empirical approaches that allow for integration of psychoanalytic frameworks to flexibly understand political violence through cognitive products and primary sources.
Pre‐pregnancy dietary arsenic consumption among women in the United States
Authors: Suhl Jonathan , Conway Kristin M. , Rhoads Anthony , Langlois Peter H. , Feldkamp Marcia L. , Michalski Adrian , Romitti Paul A. ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundArsenic is associated with several adverse health outcomes, including some birth defects. Although diet is the predominant route of arsenic exposure in the United States (U.S.), limited data exist regarding pre‐pregnancy dietary arsenic consumption among U.S. women.MethodsUsing data collected in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), we estimated daily dietary arsenic consumption during the year before pregnancy for 10,886 mothers of nonmalformed control children delivered from 1997–2011. Responses to the NBDPS dietary assessment and food item estimates of total and inorganic arsenic were used to estimate consumption. Associations between total and inorganic arsenic consumption and selected maternal characteristics were estimated using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsEstimates of mean maternal total and inorganic dietary arsenic consumption were 14.9 and 5.2 μg/day, respectively. Several positive and inverse associations with confidence intervals that excluded the null were observed. Comparing mothers in the middle or high total arsenic consumption tertiles to those in the low tertile, we observed positive associations (odds ratios = 1.3–3.8) for maternal age (≥30 years), lower (0–8 years) or higher (>12 years) education, race/ethnicity (non‐Hispanic Black, Hispanic, other), and early pregnancy drinking with no binge episodes, and inverse associations (odds ratios = 0.4–0.8) for age (<25 years), body mass index (≥30.0 kg/m2), and early pregnancy smoking. Findings tended to be similar for inorganic arsenic consumption.ConclusionsThese contemporary estimates of pre‐pregnancy dietary arsenic consumption among U.S. women show associations between both total and inorganic dietary arsenic consumption and several maternal characteristics, improving characterization of the public health impact of this exposure.
Comprehensive investigation of mechanism and effective ingredients of Fangji Huangqi Tang by serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology
Authors: Yang Liu , Li Aiping , Chen Meng , Yan Yan , Liu Yuetao , Li Ke , Jia Jinping , Qin Xuemei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFangji Huangqi Tang (FHT), has been reported to show effects on nephrotic syndrome, but its mechanism of action and bioactive components have not yet been determined. In this study, a method using UPLC–HRMS/MS was established for the detection and identification of the chemical constituents and metabolites absorbed into the blood. Absorbed components in serum were then used for the network pharmacology analysis to deduce the mechanism and effective components. A total of 86 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized. Based on the same instrumental conditions, 85 compounds were found in rat serum after oral administration of FHT, including 22 prototypes and 63 metabolites. Network pharmacology analysis showed that absorbed components, such as (3R)‐2′,3′,4′,7‐tetrahydroxyisoflavan, astrapterocarpan, cycloastragenol, 7,2′‐dihydroxy‐3′,4′‐dimethoxyisoflavan, astragaloside IV, astrapterocarpan glucoside and glycyrrhetinic acid, could be responsible for the pharmacological activity of nephrotic syndrome by regulating the VEGF signaling pathway, focal adhesion and MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, the pathway‐target network showed that the MAPK1, AKT2 and CDC42 were involved in the signal pathways above. This study provides a scientific basis for the mechanism and effective ingredients of FHT.
Identification of a Tricyclic PIII Chiral Auxiliary for Solid‐Supported Synthesis of Stereopure Phosphorothioate‐Containing Oligonucleotides
Authors: Sakamuri Sukumar , Liu Dingguo , Eltepu Laxman , Liu Bin , Reboton Lisa Jo , Preston Ryan , Bradshaw Curt W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSince the recognition of oligonucleotides as a therapeutic modality, significant work has been devoted to improving therapeutic properties, including nuclease stability. Phosphorothioate (PS) modifications of phosphodiesters are one of the most explored chemical modification and integral to currently approved oligonucleotide therapeutics, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Insertion of sulfur into the phosphate bridge in an n‐mer leads to 2n isomeric mixtures of PSs, with different nuclease stability and protein‐binding properties. Efforts to create stereopure PS‐containing oligonucleotides has spurred interest in identifying new synthetic methods. Herein, work on a novel and practical tricyclic PIII chiral auxiliary and its application in solid‐supported synthesis of stereopure PS‐containing oligonucleotides is reported.