bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser-induced reactive microplasma for etching of fused silica
Authors: Ehrhardt Martin , Lorenz Pierre , Han Bing , Zimmer Klaus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe ultra-precise machining (UPM) of surfaces with contact-free, beam-based technologies enables the development of flexible and reliable fabrication methods by non-vacuum processes for future application in advanced industrial fields. Laser machining by laser ablation features limitations for ultra-precise machining due to the depth precision, the surface morphology, and laser-induced defect formation. Contrary to physically-based etching, chemical-based dry and wet processing offer high quality, low damage material removal. In order to take advantage of both principles, a combined laser-plasma process is introduced. Ultra-short laser pulses are used to induce a free-standing microplasma in a CF4 gas atmosphere due to an optical breakdown. CF4 gas, with a pressure of 800–900 mbar, is ionized only near the focal point and reactive species are generated therein. Reactive species of the laser-induced microplasma can interact with the surface atoms of the target material forming volatile products. The release of these products is enhanced by the pulsed, laser-induced plasma resulting in material etching. In the present study, SiO2 surfaces were etched with reactive species of CF4 microplasma generated by their laser-induced break down with 775 nm pulses of an fs-laser (150 fs) at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The dependency of the depth, the width, and the morphology of the etching pits were analysed systematically against the process parameters used. In particular, a linear increase of the etching depth up to 10 µm was achieved. The etched surface appears smooth without visible cracks, defects, or LIPSS (Laser-induced periodic surface structures).
DNA methylation markers detected in blood, stool, urine, and tissue in colorectal cancer: a systematic review of paired samples
Authors: Laugsand Eivor Alette , Brenne Siv Sellæg , Skorpen Frank 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Methylated cell-free DNA in liquid biopsies are promising non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC). Optimal markers would have high sensitivity and specificity for early detection of CRC and could be detected in more than one type of material from the patient. We systematically reviewed the literature on DNA methylation markers of colorectal cancer, detected in more than one type of material, regarding their potential as contributors to a panel for screening and follow-up of CRC.

Methods
The databases MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched. Data extraction and review was performed by two authors independently. Agreement between methylation status in tissue and other materials (blood/stool/urine) was analyzed using the McNemar test and Cohen’s kappa.

Results
From the 51 included studies, we identified seven single markers with sensitivity ≥ 75% and specificity ≥ 90% for CRC. We also identified one promising plasma panel and two stool panels. The correspondence of methylation status was evaluated as very good for four markers, but only marginal for most of the other markers investigated (12 of 21).

Conclusion
The included studies reported only some of the variables and markers of interest and included few patients. Hence, a meta-analysis was not possible at this point. Larger, prospective studies must be designed to study the discordant detection of markers in tissue and liquid biopsies. When reporting their findings, such studies should use a standardized format.
Bilateral vestibulopathy: beyond imbalance and oscillopsia
Authors: Lucieer F. M. P. , Van Hecke R. , van Stiphout L. , Duijn S. , Perez-Fornos A. , Guinand N. , Van Rompaey V. , Kingma H. , Joore M. , van de Berg R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo optimize the current diagnostic and treatment procedures for patients with bilateral vestibulopathy (BV), this study aimed to determine the complete spectrum of symptoms associated with BV.MethodA prospective mixed-method study design was used. Qualitative data were collected by performing semi-structured interviews about symptoms, context, and behavior. The interviews were recorded and transcribed until no new information was obtained. Transcriptions were analyzed in consensus by two independent researchers. In comparison to the qualitative results, quantitative data were collected using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and a health-related quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L).ResultsEighteen interviews were transcribed. Reported symptoms were divided into fourteen physical symptoms, four cognitive symptoms, and six emotions. Symptoms increased in many situations, such as darkness (100%), uneven ground (61%), cycling (94%) or driving a car (56%). These symptoms associated with BV often resulted in behavioral changes: activities were performed more slowly, with greater attention, or were avoided. The DHI showed a mean score of severe handicap (54.67). The HADS questionnaire showed on average normal results (anxiety = 7.67, depression = 6.22). The EQ-5D-5L demonstrated a mean index value of 0.680, which is lower compared to the Dutch age-adjusted reference 0.839 (60–70 years).ConclusionBV frequently leads to physical, cognitive, and emotional complaints, which often results in a diminished quality of life. Importantly, this wide range of symptoms is currently underrated in literature and should be taken into consideration during the development of candidacy criteria and/or outcome measures for therapeutic interventions such as the vestibular implant.
Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in COVID-19-related encephalopathy
Authors: Muccioli Lorenzo , Pensato Umberto , Bernabè Giorgia , Ferri Lorenzo , Tappatà Maria , Volpi Lilia , Cani Ilaria , Henry Olivia J. , Ceccaroni Francesca , Cevoli Sabina , Stofella Gloria , Pasini Elena , Fornaro Giacomo , Tonon Caterina , Vidale Simone , Liguori Rocco , Tinuper Paolo , Michelucci Roberto , Cortelli Pietro , Bisulli Francesca 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective
To report on efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy in a case series of patients with COVID-19-related encephalopathy.

Methods
We retrospectively collected data on all patients with COVID-19 hospitalized at two Italian hospitals who developed encephalopathy during disease course and were treated with IVIg.

Results
Five patients (two females, mean age 66.8 years) developed encephalopathy after a mean of 12.6 days, since the onset of respiratory/constitutional symptoms related to COVID-19. Four patients suffered severe respiratory distress, three of which required invasive mechanical ventilation. Neurological manifestations included impaired consciousness, agitation, delirium, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs. EEG demonstrated diffuse slowing in all patients. Brain MRI showed non-specific findings. CSF analysis revealed normal cell count and protein levels. In all subjects, RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 in CSF tested negative. IVIg at 0.4 g/kg/die was commenced 29.8 days (mean, range: 19–55 days) after encephalopathy onset, leading to complete electroclinical recovery in all patients, with an initial improvement of neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in 3.4 days (mean, range: 1–10 days). No adverse events related to IVIg were observed.

Conclusions
Our preliminary findings suggest that IVIg may represent a safe and effective treatment for COVID-19-associated encephalopathy. Clinical efficacy may be driven by the anti-inflammatory action of IVIg, associated with its anti-cytokine qualities.
Application of clockwise modularized laparoscopic lymphadenectomy in the suprapancreatic area, a propensity score matching study and comparison with open gastrectomy
Authors: Yang Hua , Zhang Wei-Han , Liu Kai , Dan Yu-Qing , Chen Xin-Zu , Yang Kun , Chen Zhi-Xin , Chen Jia-Ping , Zhou Zong-Guang , Hu Jian-Kun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Suprapancreatic lymphadenectomy is the essence of D2 radical gastric cancer surgery. The present study aimed to describe clockwise modularized laparoscopic lymphadenectomy in the suprapancreatic area.

Methods
The data from gastric cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment from September 2016 to December 2018 were collected. Patients were divided into clockwise modularized lymphadenectomy (CML) and traditional open gastrectomy (OG) groups according to the surgical treatment strategy. The propensity score matching method was utilized to balance the baseline characteristics between the two groups.

Results
Finally, 551 gastric cancer patients were included in the present study. Following propensity score matching, 106 pairs of patients in the CML group and OG group were included in the final analysis. The CML group had more total examined lymph nodes (36, IQR 28–44.74 vs. 29, IQR 29–39.5, p = 0.002) and no. 9 station nodes (2, IQR 1–5 vs. 2, IQR 1–3, p = 0.007) than the OG group. There was less intraoperative blood loss (30, IQR 20–80 ml vs. 80, IQR 50–80 ml, p < 0.001) and a longer surgical duration (262.5 min, IQR 220–303.25 min vs. 232, IQR 220–255 min, p < 0.001) in the CML group than in the OG group. The incidence of postoperative complications (19.8% vs. 16.0%, p = 0.591) and postoperative hospital stay (8, IQR 7–9 days vs. 8, IQR 7–9 days, p = 0.452) were comparable between the CML and OG groups.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer surgery is technically demanding. Clockwise modularized laparoscopic lymphadenectomy in the suprapancreatic area can attain similar effects as traditional open surgery and without an increase in postoperative adverse events.
Physical exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer—a non-randomized feasibility study
Authors: Hatlevoll I. , Oldervoll L. M. , Wibe A. , Stene G. B. , Stafne S. N. , Hofsli E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and a large proportion of the patients receive adjuvant oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. Most of these experience chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), affecting quality of life. Evidence to advise exercise to reduce CIPN is limited. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an exercise intervention and data collection among CRC patients during adjuvant chemotherapy.

Material and methods
This non-randomized feasibility study included CRC patients admitted to adjuvant chemotherapy to an intervention consisting of supervised aerobic endurance, resistance, and balance exercises twice a week at the hospital in addition to home-based exercise once a week. A physiotherapist supervised the patients, and the intervention lasted throughout the period of adjuvant chemotherapy (12–24 weeks). Participants performed physical tests and filled in questionnaires at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.

Results and conclusion
Nineteen (63%) of 30 invited patients consented. A major barrier to recruit or consent to participation was long travel distance to the hospital. The completion rate of questionnaires and physical tests were near 100%. Seven participants dropped out, five before the intervention started. Median attendance to supervised exercise was 85%. There were no serious adverse events related to the intervention. Except for a planned higher intensity of endurance exercise, we found the intervention feasible and safe. Based on experiences in this study, some adjustments have been made for an upcoming randomized trial, including the supervised exercise taking place close to participants’ homes.

Trial registration
NCT03885817, March 22, 2019, retrospectively registered.
An integration of enhanced social force and crowd control models for high-density crowd simulation
Authors: Kolivand Hoshang , Rahim Mohd Shafry , Sunar Mohd Shahrizal , Fata Ahmad Zakwan Azizul , Wren Chris 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSocial force model is one of the well-known approaches that can successfully simulate pedestrians’ movements realistically. However, it is not suitable to simulate high-density crowd movement realistically due to the model having only three basic crowd characteristics which are goal, attraction, and repulsion. Therefore, it does not satisfy the high-density crowd condition which is complex yet unique, due to its capacity, density, and various demographic backgrounds of the agents. Thus, this research proposes a model that improves the social force model by introducing four new characteristics which are gender, walking speed, intention outlook, and grouping to make simulations more realistic. Besides, the high-density crowd introduces irregular behaviours in the crowd flow, which is stopping motion within the crowd. To handle these scenarios, another model has been proposed that controls each agent with two different states: walking and stopping. Furthermore, the stopping behaviour was categorized into a slow stop and sudden stop. Both of these proposed models were integrated to form a high-density crowd simulation framework. The framework has been validated by using the comparison method and fundamental diagram method. Based on the simulation of 45,000 agents, it shows that the proposed framework has a more accurate average walking speed (0.36 m/s) compared to the conventional social force model (0.61 m/s). Both of these results are compared to the real-world data which is 0.3267 m/s. The findings of this research will contribute to the simulation activities of pedestrians in a highly dense population.
Kinder- und Jugendrehabilitation in Österreich: aktueller Stand
Authors: Sperl Wolfgang 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungNach jahrelangen Vorarbeiten wurde nach Erstellung eines Rehabilitationsplans für Kinder und Jugendliche, der Betten- und Indikationszuordnungen zu die jeweiligen Gesundheitsregionen und auch der Klärung der Finanzierung der Tagessätze nun die Errichtung von Kinder- und Jugendlichenrehabilitationszentren in Österreich durchgeführt. Der Start ist gelungen, engagierte MitarbeiterInnen konnten in allen Berufsbereichen für eine kinder- und jugendlichensspezifische Rehabilitation gewonnen werden. Kritische Punkte sind die Mitaufnahme von Begleitpersonen bzw. anderer Familienangehöriger, wobei eine Z-Diagnose für Begleitpersonen analog der familienorientierten Rehabilitation hämatoonkologischer Kinder für alle Indikationen wichtig wäre, um die entsprechende Freistellung vom Arbeitgeber zu bekommen. Ein wesentlicher Punkt ist auch die fallweise Ausweitung der familienorientierten Rehabilitation über die Hämatoonkologie hinaus. Die Transition sollte ebenfalls geregelt werden, gerade an der Schnittstelle zum Erwachsenenalter gibt es Überlappungsbereiche wie z.B. bei Stoffwechselindikationen oder Hämatoonkologie. Wesentlich ist eine optimale und akkordierte Gestaltung der kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Rehabilitation in Absprache mit der kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Fachgesellschaft. Wichtig ist außerdem, die Rehabilitation der jeweiligen Indikationsgruppe in die Gesamtversorgungskonzepte einzubauen, dieser Prozess ist derzeit im Gange. Zuletzt ist eine abgestimmte Qualitätssicherung aller Rehabilitationseinrichtungen sinnvoll. Die Entwicklung einer entsprechenden Rehabilitationskultur ist wichtig, ebenso die enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen Rehabilitationszentren und Zuweisern, um das vorhandene Potential optimal nutzen zu können.
Divergent minute virus of canines strains identified in illegally imported puppies in Italy
Authors: Campalto M. , Carrino M. , Tassoni L. , Rizzo G. , Rossmann M. C. , Cocchi M. , De Benedictis P. , Beato Maria Serena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMinute virus of canines (MVC) belongs to the family Parvoviridae, genus Bocaparvovirus, and has been mainly described during enteritis episodes in young dogs. This study reports the characterization of four divergent MVC strains detected between 2012 and 2018, three of which were from dogs illegally imported into Italy, most probably from Eastern Europe, that cluster together phylogenetically but share low genetic similarity with the fourth MVC from an autochthonous dog and other available MVC sequences. Our data indicate that the introduction of genetically distinct MVC strains occurred through the illegal movement of dogs from a geographic area where a distinct MVC lineage was most likely circulating. Enforced surveillance of MVC in the dog population of Eastern Europe and its neighboring countries may shed light on, and eventually trace back to, illegal animal movements.
Comparative NMR Relaxivity Study of Polyoxometalate-Based Clusters [Mn4(H2O)2(P2W1SO56)2]16− and [{Dy(H2O)6}2Mn4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]10− from 20 MHz to 1.2 GHz
Authors: Ibrahim Masooma , Rudszuck Thomas , Kerdi Banan , Krämer Steffen , Guthausen Gisela , Powell Annie K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNuclear Magnetic Resonance relaxivities are a measure for the sensitivity of a contrast agent (CA), i.e. the potential of a paramagnetic moiety to enhance longitudinal and transverse relaxation of molecules in its near neighbourhood. The underlying mechanism is called Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement (PRE). The relaxivity, characterizing PRE, depends not only on the external applied magnetic field but also depends on numerous factors, such as number of coordinated water molecules, water exchange rate, rotational diffusion, first and second coordination hydration sphere, electronic and magnetic properties of paramagnetic centers and the molecular shape/size of the CA. Relaxation rates are usually normalized to the concentration of the contrast agent to provide the relaxivities. To investigate the influence of these factors on PRE of newly synthesized potential CA, two paramagnetic metals containing polyoxometalates (POMs) [Mn4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16− (Mn4-P2W15) and [{Dy(H2O)6}2Mn4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]10− (Dy2Mn4-P2W15) were selected as models to be studied at 1H Larmor frequencies from 20 MHz to 1.2 GHz. Structurally, the POM Dy2Mn4-P2W15 is similar to the tetra-nuclear manganese(II)-substituted sandwich-type POM Mn4-P2W15, with the two coordinated DyIII cations acting as linkers connecting Mn4-P2W15 units, thus forming a 1D ladder-like chain structure based on sandwich-type rungs strung together by the dysprosium cations. This study shows that POM (Dy2Mn4-P2W15) is a promising CA at high magnetic fields and proves that the use of heterometallic clusters is an effective strategy to increase PRE due to the synergistic effects from different metal ions.
High-frequency trading with fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Guasoni Paolo , Mishura Yuliya , Rásonyi Miklós 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the high-frequency limit, conditionally expected increments of fractional Brownian motion converge to a white noise, shedding their dependence on the path history and the forecasting horizon and making dynamic optimisation problems tractable. We find an explicit formula for locally mean–variance optimal strategies and their performance for an asset price that follows fractional Brownian motion. Without trading costs, risk-adjusted profits are linear in the trading horizon and rise asymmetrically as the Hurst exponent departs from Brownian motion, remaining finite as the exponent reaches zero while diverging as it approaches one. Trading costs penalise numerous portfolio updates from short-lived signals, leading to a finite trading frequency, which can be chosen so that the effect of trading costs is arbitrarily small, depending on the required speed of convergence to the high-frequency limit.
Apatinib exhibits synergistic effect with pyrotinib and reverses acquired pyrotinib resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer via stem cell factor/c-kit signaling and its downstream pathways
Authors: Su Beibei , Huang Tingting , Jin Yu , Yin Han , Qiu Hong , Yuan Xianglin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Recently, progress has been made in the development of targeted therapies for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive gastric cancer (GC). However, drug resistance has severely limited the efficacy of anti-HER2 therapies. Pyrotinib is a novel pan-HER inhibitor. Although it is effective in HER2-positive GC treatment, its efficacy in combination with apatinib and associated resistance mechanisms in HER2-positive GC remains unclear.

Methods
In this study, the combination effects of pyrotinib and apatinib were examined in two pyrotinib-sensitive GC cells and xenografts. The RNA sequencing was used to determine the underlying mechanisms of acquired pyrotinib resistance. The role of imatinib and apatinib in reversing pyrotinib resistance was tested in pyrotinib-resistant cells and xenografts.

Results
Here, we reported that a combination of pyrotinib and apatinib exhibits synergistic effect in HER2-positive NCI-N87 xenografts, and showed enhanced antitumor efficacy in HER2-positive GC, both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, up-regulation of the stem cell factor (SCF) levels, and the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways was associated with acquired pyrotinib resistance in HER2-positive GC. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the activation of the SCF/c-kit signaling and its downstream PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways mediated pyrotinib resistance by promoting cell survival and proliferation. Imatinib and apatinib augmented the sensitivity of pyrotinib-resistant cells and xenografts to pyrotinib, by blocking SCF/c-kit signaling.

Conclusion
These results highlight the effectiveness of pyrotinib combined with apatinib in HER2-positive GC and acquired pyrotinib resistance, thus providing a theoretical basis for new treatment methods.
The emergence of leadership in students’ group interaction in a school-based makerspace
Authors: Leskinen Jasmiina , Kumpulainen Kristiina , Kajamaa Anu , Rajala Antti 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis case study is an examination of the emergence of leadership in students’ group interaction in a school-based makerspace. The data comprised video records of 20 primary school students’ group work within this context, encompassing student-driven creative engagement in science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) learning activities. Interaction analysis was applied to analyze the students’ leadership moves and to depict how students’ leadership was related to their collaboration. The analysis resulted in a typology of students’ leadership moves in a makerspace context, namely, coordination of joint work, exploring new ideas, seeking out resources,and offering guidance and supporting others, adding to the existing literature on student leadership and collaboration in novel learning environments. The study also illustrates how the students’ leadership moves in group interactions can lead to dominating and/or shared leadership, with consequences for students’ collaboration. The study points to the importance of more research and development of pedagogical practices that support students’ symmetric participation and opportunities to lead collaborative work and to promote advanced collaboration in school-based makerspaces.
Erratum zu: Vom Fuße des Himalaya – Wertschöpfungskette Äpfel in Indien
Authors: Golombek Sabine , Blanke Michael 
Published: October 2020

Durch ein technisches Problem wurde in dem Artikel „Vom Fuße des Himalaya – Wertschöpfungskette Äpfel in Indien“ von Sabine Golombek und Michael Blanke die falsche Copyrightzeile eingetragen. Die Copyrightzeile lautet: © Der/die Autor(en) 2020.Der Originalartikel wurde …