bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin and its metabolite N(1)‐acetyl‐N(1)‐formyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine improve learning and memory impairment related to Alzheimer's disease in rats
Authors: Rong Kai , Zheng Hong , Yang Ruibo , Liu Xiaoli , Li Liya , Chen Ning , Zhao Gang , Gong Chengxin , Deng Yanqiu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin (MT) and its metabolite N(1)‐acetyl‐N(2)‐formyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine (AFMK) on Alzheimer‐like learning and memory impairment in rats intracerebroventricularly injected with streptozotocin (STZ). The results showed that the escape latency of the STZ group was longer than that of the control (CON), MT, and AFMK groups. Increased levels of hyperphosphorylated tau, neurofilament proteins, and malondialdehyde and decreased superoxide dismutase levels were observed in the brains of the rats from the STZ group compared with the brains of the rats from the CON, MT, AFMK high and low group. These results suggest that exogenous MT and AFMK can improve memory impairment and downregulate AD‐like hyperphosphorylation induced by STZ, most likely through their antioxidation function. Meanwhile, we found that an equal dose of AFMK had a stronger effect than that of MT. Our results indicate that MT and its metabolite AFMK represent novel treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease.
Patient activation in psychotherapy interactions: Developing and validating the consultation interactions coding scheme
Authors: Malins Sam , Moghaddam Nima , Morriss Richard , Schröder Thomas , Brown Paula , Boycott Naomi , Atha Chris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe describe the development of an instrument aiming to offer interaction‐level feedback based on “patient activation”: client confidence and perceived ability to manage their health.MethodTwenty‐two session‐transcripts from cognitive behavioral therapy with high‐users of healthcare were analyzed thematically, producing themes describing in‐session interactions. Themes were subcategorized using patient activation theory into high and low activation presentations. Two coders new to the process were trained to use this consultation interactions coding scheme (CICS). Inter‐rater reliability (IRR), convergent validity, and clinical utility were assessed and illustrated with extreme cases.ResultsGood‐to‐excellent IRR was achieved. The CICS, therapeutic alliance, and therapist competence were correlated. Client engagement in session‐structuring interactions correlated with outcome. The highest CICS scorer showed multiple outcome‐improvements, the lowest scorer reported deteriorations.ConclusionsThis study presents the CICS's psychometric properties and indicates the value of client engagement in session‐structuring.
Risk factors and clinical characteristics of patients with nosocomial influenza A infection
Authors: Naudion Pauline , Lepiller Quentin , Bouiller Kevin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInfluenza is a public health burden, responsible for more than half a million deaths worldwide each year and explosive outbreaks in‐hospital care units. At present, little is known about clinical characteristics and outcomes with nosocomial influenza infection. To assess clinical characteristics and outcome between nosocomial and community‐acquired (CA) influenza in a tertiary care hospital. A retrospective study of hospitalized patients in a French tertiary care hospital from 1st December 2016 to 28th February 2017 for flu‐illness confirmed by reverse transcription PCR. Overall, 208 patients with laboratory‐confirmed influenza were included; whose 49 nosocomial cases (23.6%). Patients with nosocomial influenza were significantly older (79.1 ± 15.5 vs 64.8 ± 31.1 years old; P = .003), with the more rapidly fatal disease (10.2% vs 1.3%; P = .0032). They had a less respiratory failure (8.2% vs 21.4%; P = .036) but had a longer length of hospitalization (47.3 vs 12.9 days; P < .001) than patients with CA influenza. During this influenza outbreak, 19 patients died (9.1%), none of them were vaccinated. Effective control of outbreaks in hospital facilities is challenging. Hospitalized patients are vulnerable to nosocomial Influenza infections that can increase the length of stay and be responsible for the death. Surveillance and early warning systems should be encouraged. Vaccination policies in conjunction with isolation measures and better hand hygiene could reduce virus spreading in hospitals.
The differences between N‐ and N+ buried layers in improving the breakdown voltage of RESURF LDMOSFETs
Authors: Hu Xiarong , Wang Weibo , Lv Rui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe differences between N‐ and N+ buried layers in improving the breakdown voltage of RESURF (reduced surface field) LDMOSFETs (lateral double‐diffused metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors) are discussed in this paper. Two concise RESURF criteria for LDMOS with a low‐doped fully depleted N‐ buried layer (NBL) and a highly doped nondepleted N+ floating layer (NFL) are developed by optimizing the lateral and vertical electric fields. The analytical solution quantitatively demonstrates the variation of the drift charge concentration and its dependence on the key NBL and NFL parameters. It also indicates that the NBL LDMOS achieves a superior tradeoff between specific on‐resistance (Rs,on)and breakdown voltage (BV) to the NFL LDMOS. The BV2/Rs,on for NBL LDMOS is 3.1 MW/cm2, which is increased respectively by 93.8% and 40.9% compared with the single RESURF and NFL‐LDMOS.
Is it too complex? The curious case of supply network complexity and focal firm innovation
Authors: Sharma Amalesh , Pathak Surya , Borah Sourav B. , Adhikary Anirban 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFirms have increasingly relied on their supply network for improving their innovation performance. Although the relationship between the supply network structure and innovation has been investigated, the link between supply network complexity and a firm's innovation remains unexplored. By employing transaction cost economics and the concept of a recombinatory search, we propose that the complexity dimensions (horizontal, vertical, and spatial complexity) of a supply network impact the innovation performance of a firm and that such relationships are moderated by a strategic emphasis on value creation and the influence of the firm over the supply network. With a large‐scale network data of 201 firms across six industries and 20 countries, we take a robust empirical approach that accounts for endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity and intrafirm error correlation to test our theory. We find strong support for a nonlinear relationship (with diminishing growth) between both horizontal and vertical complexity with respect to innovation performance. We find that spatial complexity is negatively related to innovation performance. Additionally, we find that a firm's strategic emphasis and its influence indeed moderates the link between the complexity dimensions and innovation performance. Based on our findings, we offer specific managerial guidance for the effective implementation of sourcing practices.
Experimental gingivitis in patients with and without altered passive eruption
Authors: Aghazada Rustam , Marini Lorenzo , Zeza Blerina , Trezza Cinzia , Vestri Annarita , Mariotti Angelo , Pilloni Andrea 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with altered passive eruption (APE) are assumed to be more susceptible to periodontal diseases. To date, this hypothesis has not been sufficiently supported by scientific evidence. The aim of this study, using an experimental gingivitis model, was to examine the development and resolution of gingival inflammation in patients with APE when compared to patients with normal gingival anatomy.MethodsA localized experimental gingivitis was induced in 9 patients with APE (test group) and 9 patients without APE (control group) in the maxillary right quadrant. After 21 days, patients were instructed to resume proper home oral hygiene procedures. At baseline (day 0) and at days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42, plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), and gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF) were evaluated for teeth 6 (canine), 7 (lateral incisor) and 8 (central incisor) of test and control groups.ResultsDuring the experimental gingivitis phase (days 0 to 21), the rate of change in gingival inflammation (GI) was dramatically different between the APE test group and the control group. On day 21, at the time of maximum plaque accumulation, the GI of the APE test group was a 109% greater than the GI of the test group (P ≤ 0.001) despite similar plaque levels (P = 0.436). During the resolution of inflammation phase (days 22 to 42), the APE test group continued to exhibit statistically higher GI scores than the control group (P = 0.029).ConclusionIn the presence of similar amounts of plaque deposits and plaque accumulation rates, APE patients exhibited differences in the development and resolution of plaque‐induced gingival inflammation when compared to controls.
Raman spectrum of layered jacutingaite (Pt2HgSe3) crystals—Experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Longuinhos Raphael , Vymazalová Anna , Cabral Alexandre R. , Alexandre Simone S. , Nunes Ricardo W. , Ribeiro‐Soares Jenaina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractJacutingaite (Pt2HgSe3) is a recently discovered layered platinum‐group mineral. Recent experimental studies have shown that it displays the properties of a quantum spin Hall insulator (QSHI), and theoretical studies indicate that its two‐dimensional monolayer is a QSHI with a robust topological gap of ∼0.5 eV. Jacutingaite is thus promising for potential applications to nanoelectronics and spintronics. The Raman spectrum of three‐dimensional bulk jacutingaite and the symmetries of its vibrational modes, fundamental for understanding structural modifications of this material, are still unexplored. Here, we address the zone‐center Raman optical phonons of bulk jacutingaite by experiments, symmetry, and first‐principles calculations. The improved synthesis used here provided crystals of higher purity and of micrometer size, allowing the study of single crystals. Polarized Raman spectroscopy was used to assign the symmetries of nine out of the 11 Raman‐active modes expected by group theory and their respective selection rules. The calculated wavenumbers of the Raman‐active modes, in addition to their atomic displacements, are in very good agreement with experiments. In addition, we discuss the use of different exchange correlation functionals within density functional theory, as local functionals and nonlocal functionals that best describe van der Waals interactions. The influence of the inclusion of spin–orbit coupling on calculated vibrational phonon wavenumbers and lattice parameters is commented, and it was found that the local density approximation provides a good description. Our results are of paramount importance to further exploitation of the effects of jacutingaite's structural modifications to tune its properties, as well as for its structural, optical, electronic, mechanical, and thermal applications.
Preparation of a new three‐component deep eutectic solvent and its use as an extraction solvent in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of pesticides in green tea and herbal distillates
Authors: Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Abbaspour Maryam , Kazemian Roya , Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDA new solvent, deep eutectic solvent, in which there is growing interest, has been prepared and used as an extraction solvent in the dispersive liquid–liquid method of microextraction. To prepare the solvent, dichloroacetic acid, l‐menthol, and n‐butanol are mixed at a molar ratio of 4:1:1 and the deep eutectic solvent is formed after heating. Then a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method using the prepared solvent is used for the extraction and preconcentration of some pesticides from an aqueous sample. To carry out the procedure, the deep eutectic solvent is mixed with methanol and rapidly injected by a syringe into the aqueous sample containing the analytes. After centrifuging, an aliquot of the sedimented phase is injected into the gas chromatograph. The influence of several variables on the extraction efficiency was investigated and optimized.RESULTSExtraction recoveries and enrichment factors were obtained in the ranges of 53–86% and 1760–2853, respectively. The intra‐ (n = 6) and inter‐day (n = 5) precision of the method was satisfactory, with relative standard deviations ≤ 7% obtained at two concentrations of 10 and 50 μg L−1 of each analyte. Moreover, detection and quantification limits for the target analytes were obtained in the ranges of 0.11–0.23 and 0.38–0.74 μg L−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONDifferent samples, including green tea, rose water, lemon balm, mint, and pussy willow distillates were analyzed successfully using the method that was developed, and chlorpyrifos was found in rose water at a concentration of 17 ± 1 μg L−1 (n = 3). © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of cushion plants on the soil seed bank in overgrazed semiarid regions
Authors: Erfanzadeh Reza , Hazhir Shadi , Jafari Mohammad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEvaluation of soil seed bank (SSB) in relation to biotic environmental factors could be important in degraded areas, since SSB is one of the major sources that facilitates the recovery of degraded plant communities after disturbances such as grazing, flooding and drought. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Astragalus myriacanthus and Acantholimon spinosum on SSB characteristics. Soil sampling was carried out in four different positions (upslope edge, downslope edge, center and outside) of each cushion in semiarid mountainous regions in Iran. Then, SSB composition and density, species diversity and richness of SSB in each position were estimated using the germination method. The results of the nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed that the separation of species composition of SSB in four different positions was not possible in any of the cushion species. Nevertheless, the results indicated that the lowest of SSB density, species diversity and richness were observed in the outside of the two cushions. In both cushions, A. myriacanthus and A. spinosum, the mean SSB density (1,606.4 and 646.5 seeds/m2, respectively) was significantly higher in the upslope edge. Totally, the mean density of SSBs in A. myriacanthus (903.6 seeds/m2) was significantly higher than that of A. spinosum (360.6 seeds/m2). We concluded that the cushion plants can act as seed traps and therefore could facilitate recovery of degraded sites in the steep‐hilly areas, while, the possibility of seed penetration into the soil of different directions of cushion might be significant.
Inner ear delivery: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Szeto Betsy , Chiang Harry , Valentini Chris , Yu Michelle , Kysar Jeffrey W. , Lalwani Anil K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe treatment of inner ear disorders remains challenging due to anatomic barriers intrinsic to the bony labyrinth. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances and strategies for overcoming these barriers and to discuss promising future avenues for investigation.Data SourcesThe databases used were PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science.ResultsAlthough some studies aimed to improve systemic delivery using nanoparticle systems, the majority enhanced local delivery using hydrogels, nanoparticles, and microneedles. Developments in direct intracochlear delivery include intracochlear injection and intracochlear implants.ConclusionsIn the absence of a systemic drug that targets only the inner ear, the best alternative is local delivery that harnesses a combination of new strategies to overcome anatomic barriers. The combination of microneedle technology with hydrogel and nanoparticle delivery is a promising area for future investigation.Level of EvidenceNA
Simultaneous fat‐referenced proton resonance frequency shift thermometry and MR elastography for the monitoring of thermal ablations
Authors: Kim Kisoo , Breton Elodie , Gangi Afshin , Vappou Jonathan 
Published: December 2019

PurposeSimultaneous fat‐referenced proton resonance frequency shift (FRPRFS) thermometry combined with MR elastography (MRE) is proposed, to continuously monitor thermal ablations for all types of soft tissues, including fat‐containing tissues. Fat‐referenced proton resonance frequency shift thermometry makes it possible to measure temperature even in the water fraction of fat‐containing tissues while enabling local field‐drift correction. Magnetic resonance elastography allows measuring the mechanical properties of tissues that are related to tissue structural damage.MethodsA gradient‐echo MR sequence framework was proposed that combines the need for multiple TE acquisitions for the water‐fat separation of FRPRFS, and the need for multiple MRE phase offsets for elastogram reconstructions. Feasibility was first assessed in a fat‐containing gelatin phantom undergoing moderate heating by a hot water circulation system. Subsequently, high intensity focused ultrasound heating was conducted in porcine muscle tissue ex vivo (N = 4; 2 samples, 2 locations/sample).ResultsBoth FRPRFS temperature maps and elastograms were updated every 4.1 seconds. In the gelatin phantom, FRPRFS was in good agreement with optical fiber thermometry (average difference 1.2 ± 1°C). In ex vivo high‐intensity focused ultrasound experiments on muscle tissue, the shear modulus was found to decrease significantly by 34.3% ± 7.7% (experiment 1, sample 1), 17.9% ± 10.0% (experiment 2, sample 1), 55.1% ± 8.7% (experiment 3, sample 2), and 34.7% ± 8.4% (experiment 4, sample 2) as a result of temperature increase (ΔT = 22.5°C ± 4.2°C, 14.0°C ± 2.8°C, 14.7°C ± 3.7°C, and 14.5°C ± 3.0°C, respectively).ConclusionThis study demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring thermal ablations with FRPRFS thermometry together with MRE, even in fat‐containing tissues. The acquisition time is similar to non‐FRPRFS thermometry combined with MRE.
Lanthanide Luminescence Revealing the Phase Composition in Hydrating Cementitious Systems
Authors: Burek Katja , Dengler Joachim , Emmerling Franziska , Feldmann Ines , Kumke Michael U. , Stroh Julia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe hydration process of Portland cement in a cementitious system is crucial for development of the high‐quality cement‐based construction material. Complementary experiments of X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and time‐resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) using europium (Eu(III)) as an optical probe are used to analyse the hydration process of two cement systems in the absence and presence of different organic admixtures. We show that different analysed admixtures and the used sulphate carriers in each cement system have a significant influence on the hydration process, namely on the time‐dependence in the formation of different hydrate phases of cement. Moreover, the effect of a particular admixture is related to the type of sulphate carrier used. The quantitative information on the amounts of the crystalline cement paste components is accessible via XRD analysis. Distinctly different morphologies of ettringite and calcium−silicate−hydrates (C−S−H) determined by SEM allow visual conclusions about formation of these phases at particular ageing times. The TRLFS data provides information about the admixture influence on the course of the silicate reaction. The dip in the dependence of the luminescence decay times on the hydration time indicates the change in the structure of C−S−H in the early hydration period. Complementary information from XRD, SEM and TRLFS provides detailed information on distinct periods of the cement hydration process.
Federal calorie labelling compliance at US chain restaurants
Authors: Cleveland Lauren P. , Simon Denise , Block Jason P. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryObjectiveThe 2010 Affordable Care Act included a provision requiring chain food establishments to post calories on menus. In 2017, prior to the final implementation of the law, 59 of 90 top‐selling chains had fully implemented labelling. This study extends the documentation of compliance to the 200 top‐selling chains after the nationwide requirement went into effect in May 2018.MethodsTo determine if restaurants were compliant with the federal menu labelling law, objective information was collected from all 197 of the 200 highest grossing restaurant chains in the United States. The study team obtained information via site visits and internet searches for a convenience sample of restaurants within each of these chains.Results94% had implemented menu calorie labelling after the May 2018 deadline. Of the 11 chains not complying, six were full‐service restaurants.ConclusionMost chain restaurants have complied with the federal calorie labelling law, suggesting that compliance is attainable for all chains. Given this finding, the Food and Drug Administration should initiate enforcement of labelling for noncompliant chains.
Antenatal screening for fetal trisomies using microarray‐based cell‐free DNA testing: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Geppert Julia , Stinton Chris , Johnson Samantha , Clarke Aileen , Grammatopoulos Dimitris , Taylor‐Phillips Sian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the test accuracy of non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for fetal trisomy 21, 18, and 13 using cell‐free (cf) DNA analysis in maternal plasma with microarray quantitation.MethodSystematic review and meta‐analysis. Searches in MEDLINE, Pre‐MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to 09.07.2018.ResultsFive studies analyzing 3074 samples, including 187 trisomy 21, 43 trisomy 18, and 19 trisomy 13 cases, were identified. Risk of bias was high in all studies, introduced particularly by exclusions from analysis and by the role of the sponsor. Sensitivity of microarray‐based cfDNA testing was 99.5% (95%CI 96.3%‐99.9%) for trisomy 21, 97.7% (95%CI 87.9%‐99.6%) for trisomy 18, and 100% (95%CI 83.2%‐100%) for trisomy 13. Specificity was 100% (95% CI 99.87%‐100%) for trisomy 21, 99.97% (95%CI 99.81%‐99.99%) for trisomy 18, and 99.97% (95%CI 99.81%‐99.99%) for trisomy 13. Pooled test failure rate was 1.1%. A direct comparison of microarray‐ and sequencing‐based cfDNA found equivalent test accuracy.ConclusionIncluded studies suggest that NIPT using microarray‐based cfDNA testing has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting fetal trisomy 21, 18, and 13. However, the evidence base is small and at high risk of bias.
Current and future role of fetal cardiovascular MRI in the setting of fetal cardiac interventions
Authors: Marini Davide , Xu Jiawei , Sun Liqun , Jaeggi Edgar , Seed Mike 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOver recent years, technical developments resulting in the feasibility of fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) have provided a new diagnostic tool for studying the human fetal heart and circulation. During the same period, we have witnessed the arrival of several minimally invasive fetal cardiac interventions (FCI) as a possible form of treatment in selected congenital heart diseases (CHDs). The role of fetal CMR in the planning and monitoring of FCI is not yet clear. Indeed, high‐quality fetal CMR is not available or routinely offered at most centers caring for patients with prenatally detected CHD. However, in theory, fetal CMR could have much to offer in the setting of FCI by providing complementary anatomic and physiologic information relating to the specific intervention under consideration. Similarly, fetal CMR may be useful as an alternative imaging modality when ultrasound is hampered by technical limitations, for example, in the setting of oligohydramnios and in late gestation. In this review, we summarize current experience of the use of fetal CMR in the diagnosis and monitoring of fetuses with cardiopathies in the setting of a range of invasive in utero cardiac and vascular interventions and medical treatments and speculate about future directions for this versatile imaging medium.