bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two new mesophilous oriental hornbeam communities from the northern Dinaric Alps (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Authors: Stupar Vladimir , Brujić Jugoslav , Lukić Ognjen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The paper describes two new mesophilous communities of oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis) coppice from the northern Dinaric Alps in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). While oriental hornbeam is mainly considered to be a part of thermophilous forests and scrub, numerical analysis of 103 relevés of C. orientalis dominated coppice from B&H has shown that two new, rather mesophilous, communities thrive on calcareous bedrock of NW B&H. They represent secondary successional stages of mesotermic forest vegetation in this region. Association Epimedio alpini-Carpinetum orientalis ass. nova hoc loco is related to Illyrian oak-hornbeam forests of Erythronio-Carpinion betuli, while Asplenio scolopendrii-Carpinetum orientalis ass. nova hoc loco is linked to Balkan submediterranean ravine forests of Ostryo-Tilion. Although these two associations were recorded only in the NW B&H, their distribution is potentially larger, as their source communities are relatively common throughout the Dinaric Alps, so the information about their distribution, vertical structure, and syndynamic relations could be very useful in a national scale forest management and nature conservation.
New evidence on son preference among immigrant households in the United States
Authors: Duan Huiqiong , Hicks Daniel L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper provides new evidence on the acquisition and persistence of child gender preference among immigrant populations in the United States using Census and American Community Survey data. We first confirm the existing evidence of son preference among immigrant populations from South East Asia that was documented across multiple studies and samples. We then demonstrate several new empirical findings. First, Japanese immigrants exhibit daughter preference. Second, assortative matching between immigrant parents is associated with stronger gender preferences. Third, comparing male and female migrants who marry natives provides suggestive evidence that paternal preferences could be more to blame for son preference than maternal. Fourth, child gender preferences are strongest for migrants who arrive after childhood but do not appear to diminish with the duration of residence in the United States. Finally, while higher-order generations exhibit weaker son preference, there is a high degree of heterogeneity across groups. Most of the second- and higher-order generation immigrants assimilate more rapidly to US norms except Indian immigrant populations, which exhibit strong son preference among higher-order generations.
Investigating Home Economics Teachersí Food Waste Practices and Attitudes
Authors: Elorinne Anna-Liisa , Eronen Lasse , Pollari Milja , Hokkanen Johanna , Reijonen Helen , Murphy Jamie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Although studies highlight the role of education in sustainable Food Waste (FW) behaviors, few studies examine basic education pedagogies concerning FW. The present research explores Finnish comprehensive schoolteachersí food and FW attitudes, personal FW practices, and FW pedagogy - educational approach, learning environment, classroom actions, and learning materials. Principal Component Analysis and Spearman correlation analyses of data from a convenience-sampled survey examined FW attitude and practice connections. Respondents (n=52), mostly females (85 %) and Home Economics teachers (62 %), reported two main attitudinal components. Wide Range Responsibility (WRR) represented holistic, global, and communal FW perspectives, while Restricted Responsibility (RR) represented individual and hedonistic FW views. WRR together with school related environmental activities correlated significantly with teacher pedagogical practices to enhance pupilsí ability to recognize factors influencing their FW practices. As personal attitudes may carry into teachersí pedagogical practices, future research should examine teachersí personal values and their consistency with basic curriculum values.
Teacher Educators’ and Teacher Trainees’ Perspective on Teacher Training for Sustainable Development
Authors: Nketsia William , Opoku Maxwell Peprah , Saloviita Timo , Tracey Danielle 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In accordance with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), countries across the globe are striving to ensure equitable access to inclusive, quality and lifelong educational opportunities for all children, youth and adults by 2030. Teacher education has been identified as one of the key factors in the achievement of the SDG 4 targets. As part of the effort to ensure sustainable teacher education for the achievement of SDG 4 in Ghana, this study applied the four key concepts in the SDG 4: quality, equity, inclusion and lifelong learning, to determine the progress with regards to SDG 4 in the context of teacher education in Ghana. The specific objectives of this study were to determine the inclusive pedagogical practices, values, and knowledge that trainees acquire from the Diploma in Basic Education’s Special Education Needs (SEN) course, the adequacy of the course for preparing teachers to create inclusive classrooms and the challenges associated with the delivery of the SEN course. In this study, 167 final-year trainees and 13 teacher educators from Diploma in Basic Education Program in three colleges of education in Ghana were surveyed about their views on the SEN teacher preparation course. The study found out that the SEN course placed much emphasis on medical model view of SEN and only a minority of trainees acquired the requisite inclusive knowledge, values and pedagogical practices. The paper discusses key barriers to the development of inclusive knowledge, pedagogical practices and values among trainees as well as factors that can promote the effective training of inclusive teachers.
Chemical resistance of NR/SBR rubber blends for surfaces corrosion protection of metallic tanks in petrochemical industries
Authors: Braihi A. J. , Jawad A. J. , Kadhum A. A. H. , Aljibori H. S. S. , Al-Amiery A. A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this work, a series of Natural Rubber (NR)/Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) blends were formulated to protect metallic petrochemical storage tanks from corrosive media. Therefore, these blends tested against a 10% HCl solution for 72 hr at room temperature. Blends series were prepared with different ratios of NR/SBR; 25/75, 30/70, 35/65, 40/60, 45/55, 50/50, and 55/45. Three types of carbon black (N-330, N-660, and N-762) were added individually to the 45/55 blend. Hardness, tensile strength, modulus, and elongation properties were tested before and after immersion in the 10% HCl attack media. All these mechanical properties decreased after immersion action accept hardness property. Up to 45 phr NR content, the hardness increased linearly independent on immersion action, but HCl immersion gives higher hardness values. Tensile strength increased up to 40 phr NR content with and without immersion and the immersion action decreased tensile values. The highest elongation value obtained with 35/65 blend with and without immersion. The 45 phr NR content gives the higher modulus, while the lowest value obtained with the 30 phhr content. For 45/55 blend, the hardness increased as the carbon black particle size decreased and immersion action gives higher hardness values. The tensile strength decreased linearly with the carbon black surface area, while with the medium surface area, the highest modulus and lowest elongation obtained.
Induction of Twinning in Noemi Ewes Using Two Protocols of a Recombinant Human Follicle Stimulating Hormone Versus Porcine Pituitary-Derived FSH and their Subsequent Impacts on Maternal Hormones
Authors: Zeitoun Moustafa Mohamed , Ali Mohamed Atieh , El-Dawas Abdulrahman Omar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Twinning induction of single-bearing Noemi ewes is an important avenue to maximize the economic feasibility of sheep production. Sixty Noemi ewes were used and randomly assigned to six treatment groups (n=10/group).Two sources of FSH [i.e., porcine (P) vs. human (H)] were given as a single dose or in six doses. The control 1 group was given a single dose of saline (C1), while the control 2 group was given six doses of saline (C6). Ewes in group 3 (P1) were given a single dose of p-FSH, in group 4 six doses of p-FSH (P6), in group 5 a single dose of h-FSH (H1), and in group 6 six doses of h-FSH (H6). The ewes were inserted with CIDR for 10 days with FSH given on day 8. A fertile ram was used at the onset of estrus. Blood samples were collected for hormone analyses. The time between CIDR removal and onset of estrus (63, 38 and 26 hrs. in C, P, and H, respectively) was shortened by FSH administration. FSH increased the incidence of twinning, however single dose resulted in more stillbirths and mortalities. The neonatal survival rate decreased in the P1 (40%) compared to the P6 (65%) treatments. Both sources of FSH raised progesterone and estradiol 17-β compared to the controls. Contrariwise, both h- and p-FSH reduced T4; however, h-but not p-FSH raised T3. In conclusion, using rh-FSH at six descending doses of a total 180 IU in Noemi ewes produced two viable neonates. Moreover, the exogenous FSH raised the sex hormones and T3 in the ewes.
Remarks on the Automatic Cylinder Oil Mixing System for Two Stroke Dual Fuel Crosshead Marine Engines
Authors: Markiewicz Włodzimierz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The deformation of a part occurring in the process of grinding directly influences its exploitation and quality parameters. The instability of shape and size, which occurs due to an imbalance of residual stress, can be the one of the major causes of deformation of a part. The decrease in stress slows down the deformation process. Considering the regularities of heat source intensity dependence on the grinding modes, it can be asserted that with increasing grinding depth and grinding wheel hardness, the value increases and it decreases with a growth in a speed of the part and the use of cooling. The higher the heat removal is and the better lubricant properties of the liquid are, the more significant the decrease in is. Changing these values allows regulation of the residual stresses. As a result of the research on determination of deformations, it is recommended to reduce thermal deformations by considering the geometric size of a plate to be machined, linear expansion coefficient of plate material and an allowance for nonflatness from thermal deformations. The value of nonflatness from thermal deformations is directly proportional to linear expansion coefficient of plate material and its square overall dimensions. At the same time, the value of nonflatness is inversely proportional to the plate thickness.
Machines for Mechanical Mining of Hardly Workable and Abrasive Rocks
Authors: Bołoz Łukasz , Kalukiewicz Antoni 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Mechanical mining is a widely used method for separating material from mined rock in the mining branch, tunnelling, road and construction industries. Depending on the mechanical properties of rocks, most often defined by uniaxial compressive strength, various machines and tools are applied. Apart from rock strength, the efficiency of the mining process is determined by abrasiveness, which affects the rate of tool abrasive wear. Currently, disc mining by static pressure or rear undercutting are the most developed methods. Undercutting can be supported by high pressure water jet or disk oscillation. Mining with drills also utilizes static pressure. In addition to discs, conical picks are applied; they are mounted on cutterheads. In underground mining and tunnelling, there is an increasing need to cut abrasive rocks with a strength of more than 120 MPa in places where explosive materials cannot be used. In the article, the recently applied and developed methods of cutting abrasive rocks characterized by high strength, such as copper, gold, tungsten or platinum ores and diamond deposits, have been presented. Next, the latest machines and machine systems used for their mining are reviewed. Leaders in the mining machinery industry, such as Joy (Komatsu), Epiroc (Atlas Copco), Sandvik and Aker Wirth are developing proprietary designs of cutting machines based on both well-known and completely new ideas.
The Possibility of Modeling Parts in Production Technology
Authors: Ivanova Tatyana N. , Korshunov Aleksandr I. , Peterka Jozef , Ratnikov Ivan A. , Pokorny Peter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe object of the research is a part “Flange half of differential case”, which has complex shape of a housing. The subjects of the research are the processes of selection of analogue material, workpiece production method, and justification of the structural and technological parameters of a part, taking into account 3D-modeling of the structure, deformations, displacements, stresses, and safety factor. The selection of analogue material is connected with suspension of production of open-hearth steel grade Mst.6 GOST 380-50. The objectives of the work include juxtaposition of computer models of deformations, displacements, stresses, safety factors of the part made of different analogue materials; comparison of models according workpiece production methods with consideration of material utilization ratio, structural and technological features of resulting workpieces. For modelling we have chosen the several types of materials. Research on modelling processes was fulfilled by means of software of Kompasv17, Solid Works, Solid works simulation. Volumetric models of parts and workpieces for all studied materials have been created taking into account the deformations, displacements, stresses, and safety factor. There results of modelling of “Flange half of differential case” allowed us to make recommendations for production conditions. These recommendations include the use of steel 45 GOST 1050-2013 as analogue material, hot forging of a workpiece on a horizontal forging machine, creating of design and technological documentation for the manufacture of the part.
Critical Incident Technique as an Instrument for Assessing the Service Quality in a Chosen E-Shop
Authors: Ingaldi Manuela , Brožová Silvie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The development of e-commerce and communication technologies has allowed changes in the traditional trading system, currently customers can use both stationery shops and e-shops. People no longer need to leave their homes to go shopping, even everyday groceries. They can use the e-shop at any time of day or night, at home or at work. There are no queues, they can get to know other people’s opinions, compare products and services with each other. They can shop while sitting on the sofa in front of the TV and sipping tea. Shopping can be done in the e-shop up to thousands of kilometers away. Especially in the current Covid-19 pandemic, online shopping has become very popular. The aim of the paper was to assess the quality of services offered by the research e-shop. During the research the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) was used. A direct interview was conducted with the customers of the research e-shop who, after using its services, agreed to share their impressions and opinions. They were supposed to describe incidents or situations related to the research e-shop, which they have in their memory, and which caused special satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The analysis allowed to indicate that less than 50% of the incidents described by the customers were positive incidents that cause customers’ high satisfaction, which is not a good situation for the research e-shop. Improvement actions are needed.
On the Influence of Parts’ Materials Properties on the Assembly Orientation
Authors: Václav Štefan , Sobrino Daynier Rolando Delgado , Zajačko Ivan , Pokorný Peter 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The material of a part or component has a decisive impact on the complexity and laboriousness of assembly process. Thus, solid, fragile and flexible parts and components are all handled in a different way. The present paper classifies some of the most common types of materials parts are usually made of, while also analyzing their impact on the assembly process. In mechanical engineering, solid parts are most often used, given that these do not require special measures in known assembly orientation and handling techniques. However, such solid materials pose several challenges as well, and this mainly due to their several specific shapes, which means a specific problem in gripping and especially in their orientation during the assembly process. In this regard, the paper also addresses with one of the most important and assembly-troublesome properties of these solid parts, which the degree of symmetry. The degree of symmetry of solid parts has a direct impact on the complexity and laboriousness of their orientation in assembly. The last part of the paper focuses on the theoretical basis for the calculation of complexity and laboriousness in the assembly of parts.
Cooperation Between Enterprises and Universities in Poland and the United States (Business Perspective)
Authors: Czerwińska-Lubszczyk Agnieszka , Grebski Michalene , Jagoda-Sobalak Dominika , Łapuńka Iwona 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The aim of the paper is an analysis of cooperation between enterprises and universities from a business perspective in Poland and the United States (USA). The article focuses on selected determinants from a business perspective. The determinants of the enterprises and university cooperation included areas of cooperation as well as the motivations and barriers for cooperation. Extended interviews were conducted in Poland and the USA using a questionnaire as the research tool. The results of the research showed differences between the enterprises and universities cooperation in Poland and the USA.
Assessment of Quality Policy in the Social and Cultural Area of Selected Industrial Enterprises
Authors: Molenda Michał 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The objective of this article is to present the results of research concerning the assessment of the actually implemented Quality Policy in social and cultural area of selected industrial enterprises. In the first part of the article, the essence of the Quality Policy and its implicational meaning for the functioning of the enterprise in the scope of quality were described. What is more, the study also contains the problems associated with analyzing the quality policy. The main part of the article contains the results of research carried out in the years 2015-2019 among 166 industrial enterprises carrying out their activity in Poland. The objective of the research was the assessment of the actually implemented quality policy in the enterprises. The data was obtained on the basis of survey carried out among representatives of middle management in each enterprise. Statistical analysis of the results allowed to assess the quality policy in groups of enterprises depending on their size, management system and the so-called level of independence in management.
Ergonomics and Efficiency in a New Attempt to Model Work Processes
Authors: Kabiesz Patrycja , Bartnicka Joanna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article presents the relationships between ergonomics and the effectiveness of work processes. A new thematic framework has been developed to evaluate the engineering design of work processes in conjunction with the effectiveness and ergonomics of workplaces. The model presented in the paper takes into account ergonomic factors that have a direct impact on shaping working environment in which a person is located and improving their efficiency. The model was validated in real conditions in the production company. The subject of the research was the work process existing in the plant producing food paper packaging. The main method used to assess working conditions was observation and qualitative and quantitative assessment of operational activities based on video recording. Detailed human actions were analyzed in terms of ergonomic factors to prove the relationship between ergonomics and efficiency. In addition, new technical solutions have been proposed that improve working conditions and the efficiency of the entire work process.
Comparative Analysis of Industry Expectations Related to Engineering Graduates in Poland and the United States
Authors: Czerwińska-Lubszczyk Agnieszka , Grebski Michalene , Jagoda-Sobalak Dominika , Łapuńka Iwona 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The paper contains a comparative analysis of the competences needed to practice engineering in Poland and the United States (USA). Surveys of industries were conducted in Poland and the USA. Legal background of curricula was discussed. The surveys were done for the purpose of assessing the importance of competences as well as level of mastery those skills and attributes by engineering graduates. The results confirm differences in approach of entrepreneurs to graduates of engineering studies in Poland and the USA. In the USA entrepreneurs have higher expectations and the importance of individual competences is also different. The comparative analysis was done to identify the weaknesses in the engineering curricula and identifying the best practices.
Glioendocrine System: Effects of Thyroid Hormones in Glia and their Functions in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Noda Mami 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGlial cells play a significant role in the link between the endocrine and nervous systems. Among hormones, thyroid hormones (THs) are critical for the regulation of development and differentiation of neurons and glial cells, and hence for development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). THs are transported into the CNS, metabolized in astrocytes and affect various cell types in the CNS including astrocyte itself. Since 3,3’,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) is apparently released from astrocytes in the CNS, it is a typical example of glia-endocrine system.The prevalence of thyroid disorders increases with age. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are reported to increase the risk of cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, understanding the neuroglial effects of THs may help to solve the problem why hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism may cause mental disorders or become a risk factor for cognitive impairment. In this review, THs are focused among wide variety of hormones related to brain function, and recent advancement in glioendocrine system is described.
Numerical Analysis of the Rotor of a 30 kW ORC Microturbine Considering Properties of Aerodynamic Gas Bearings
Authors: Breńkacz Łukasz , Żywica Grzegorz , Bogulicz Małgorzata 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The paper focuses on the analysis of a 30 kW microturbine operating in the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with a low-boiling working medium. The nominal speed of the rotor is 40,000 rpm. The investigated microturbine is an oil-free machine, which means that its bearings use the ORC working medium as a lubricant. We created a numerical model, which was used to assess the dynamic properties of the newly designed microturbine. The conducted analyses covered, inter alia, the optimization of some geometrical parameters of each bearing in order to cause the lubricating film to be created at a correspondingly low rotational speed as well as to obtain optimal dynamic properties of the system. The article provides a full dynamic picture of the rotor supported by two aerodynamic gas bearings. The included graphs demonstrate the vibration amplitude of the shaft as a function of the rotational speed as well as the results of the modal analysis in the form of natural vibration modes of the system and their corresponding natural frequencies.