bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contests between beneficial natural enemies: brood‐guarding parasitoids vs. foraging predators
Authors: Velasco‐Hernandez Maria C. , Shameer K.S. , Nasser M. , Moya‐Raygoza Gustavo , Hardy Ian C.W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBeneficial insects, such as natural enemies, are important to agro‐ecosystem functioning and thus agricultural production. Parasitoids and predators can provide sustainable long‐term solutions to pest problems (biological control), reducing the need for expensive and sometimes polluting pesticide applications. When several species of beneficial insects are present, their pest control actions may be additive, synergistic, or disruptive. One form of disruptive interaction between parasitoids and predators is direct interspecific contest for access to individual pests (the resource to be exploited). This study evaluated behavioural interactions between brood‐guarding wasps, Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck) (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), which are known to engage in intra‐specific contests, and a predatory bug, Cardiastethus exiguus (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), which attack the same pest species, Opisina arenosella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), a major pest in coconut production systems. Dyadic parasitoid–predator and predator–predator contests were staged to determine the factors that influence the behaviours within, and outcomes of, such interactions. Parasitoids were aggressive towards predators, sometimes killing them, but predators were not aggressive towards parasitoids. Biting and stinging only occurred when there was a host larva present. In the absence of the parasitoid that had oviposited onto a host, predators often consumed the parasitoid’s eggs. Egg consumption sometimes occurred when the parasitoid was present. Intra‐specific competition between pairs of predators was also evaluated: adults were aggressive towards each other, but interactions were not fatal. Biting was more common when there was no prey larva present. When a larva was present, predators were observed feeding simultaneously. We conclude that direct parasitoid–predator interactions are likely to influence pest population dynamics, possibly reducing the overall suppression of O. arenosella by its natural enemies.
Protocol for assessing soybean antixenosis toHeliothis virescens
Authors: Eduardo Wellington Ivo , Boiça Júnior Arlindo Leal , de Moraes Renato Franco Oliveira , de Souza Bruno Henrique Sardinha , Louvandini Helder , Barbosa José Carlos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLarvae ofHeliothis virescens(Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) often infest soybean crops,Glycine max(L.) (Fabaceae), causing significant yield losses in important soybean‐producing regions. The use of soybean varieties resistant to lepidopteran larvae is a major approach in soybean integrated pest management. However, standardization and optimization of bioassays that are used to screen genotypes for insect resistance are essential for high‐throughput phenotyping. Methodologies for screening were assessed to determine the most effective method for discriminating levels of antixenosis toH. virescensin soybean plants. Feeding and oviposition preference assays were performed to determine optimal densities of larvae and adults, and optimal plant structures and growth stages for conducting assays. In addition, trichome densities, and fiber and lignin contents were quantified in plant structures of soybean cultivars differing in resistance. Resistance levels of cultivars were best differentiated using nine neonate larvae and two 6‐day‐old larvae, and by using young leaves of plants at the vegetative stage. This was likely due to the more pronounced differences in lignin and fiber contents in young leaves of vegetative‐stage plants. Density of adult pairs, plant structure, and growth stage did not affect ability to distinguish differences in oviposition preference byH. virescens. Higher numbers of eggs were found on the leaves, which were the plant structures that exhibited the lowest trichome densities. The protocol developed in this work will benefit future evaluations of soybean genotypes for antixenosis againstH. virescens.
Soil fungal mycelia have unexpectedly flexible stoichiometric C:N and C:P ratios
Authors: Camenzind Tessa , Philipp Grenz Kay , Lehmann Johannes , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSoil ecological stoichiometry provides powerful theories to integrate the complex interplay of element cycling and microbial communities into biogeochemical models. One essential assumption is that microbes maintain stable C:N:P (carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus) ratios independent of resource supply, although such homeostatic regulations have rarely been assessed in individual microorganisms. Here, we report an unexpected high flexibility in C:N and C:P values of saprobic fungi along nutrient supply gradients, overall ranging between 7‐126 and 20‐1488, respectively, questioning microbial homeostasis. Fungal N:P varied comparatively less due to simultaneous reductions in mycelial N and P contents. As a mechanism, internal recycling processes during mycelial growth and an overall reduced N and P uptake appear more relevant than element storage. The relationships among fungal stoichiometry and growth disappeared in more complex media. These findings affect our interpretation of stoichiometric imbalances among microbes and soils and are highly relevant for developing microbial soil organic carbon and nitrogen models.
Composition and distribution of the larval decapod community in the deep sea of the Western Mediterranean Sea Balearic Sub‐basin
Authors: Carbonell Aina , Aparicio‐González Alberto , Papiol Vanesa , Cartes Joan Enric 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMechanisms facilitating larvae transport from continental to more oceanic areas were investigated in the Balearic sub‐basin (BSB), Western Mediterranean Sea. The abundance, distribution, and development stages of decapod larvae were recorded for a transect of 28 stations crossing the central eddy of the BSB. Zooplankton samples were taken to 1,800 m depth by horizontal and oblique 500‐µm mesh size nets hauls towed near the benthic boundary (BBL) and in deep scattering layers (DSL). In total, 67 taxa belonging to Decapoda and one Stomatopoda were identified. Advanced development represented 75% of the individuals recorded. 75% of the species corresponded to adults of deep‐sea species, 9% were sergestids (mesopelagic species), and the remaining 16% corresponded to shelf and coastal species. Cluster assemblages formed were related to the hydrological conditions, water masses dynamics, and geomorphologic structures mainly associated with nepheloid layers. Advanced and juvenile specimens of commercial species such as Parapenaeus longirostris, Geryon longipes, and Aristeus antennatus were found close to seafloor BBL. The influence of trophic ecology should be considered as the priority factor of larvae concentrations in deep.
Management guideline for Werner syndrome 2020. 2. Sarcopenia associated with Werner syndrome
Authors: Kuzuya Masafumi , Takemoto Minoru , Kubota Yoshitaka , Taniguchi Toshibumi , Motegi Sei‐Ichiro , Taniguchi Akira , Nakagami Hironori , Maezawa Yoshiro , Koshizaka Masaya , Kato Hisaya , Mori Seijiro , Tsukamoto Kazuhisa , Yokote Koutaro 
Published: November 2020

AimSarcopenia is defined as a condition that combines decreased skeletal muscle mass with weakness or decreased physical function. It is well known that in older adults, the presence of sarcopenia is a risk of frailty, falls and physical dysfunction. Patients with Werner syndrome are characterized by visceral fat accumulation and thin limbs, but the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with Werner syndrome has not been investigated.MethodsA literature search was conducted using Werner syndrome and skeletal muscle as keywords. We also analyzed data from our 7 Werner syndrome patients.ResultsA literature search on the relationship between Werner syndrome and skeletal muscle yielded only one article reported from Japan. According to this paper, a decrease in skeletal muscle mass (appendicular skeletal muscle index) was observed in all 9 Werner syndromes investigated. On the other hand, in our 7 Werner syndrome patients, their appendicular skeletal muscle indexes were below the standard value except for one male patient who had continued resistance exercise.ConclusionThe decrease in skeletal muscle mass frequently occurs in patients with Werner syndrome. However, resistance exercise may prevent the appearance of sarcopenia and requires early intervention in patients with Werner syndrome. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 139–141.
Cross‐icecap spring migration confirmed in a high‐Arctic seabird, the Ivory GullPagophila eburnea
Authors: Frederiksen Morten , Gilg Olivier , Yannic Glenn 
Published: November 2020

Seabirds rarely cross major terrestrial barriers during seasonal migration, possibly because they have a limited ability to build up fat stores. For the first time, we tracked two Ivory Gulls with GPS loggers during spring migration from the wintering area in Davis Strait to the breeding colony in north‐east Greenland. While one bird migrated in March around the southern tip of Greenland, the other delayed migration until May and crossed the Greenland icecap north of 70°N, covering 1345 km in 29 h. Several aspects of the crossing were noteworthy: the track was remarkably direct, the bird made several stops (totalling 6 h) on the icecap, and the bird increased its flying altitude to nearly 3000 m over West Greenland and > 4000 m over East Greenland.
Many objective robust decision‐making model for agriculture decisions (MORDMAgro)
Authors: González Xavier Ignacio , Bert Federico , Podestá Guillermo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEach year, farmers must decide crops and their agronomical management for the plots of their farms. This decision—subject to climatic interaction and crop prices context—will determine farm earnings. We introduce a framework, called MORDMAgro, based on Many Objective Robust Decision‐Making methodology to support farmers' decisions. Through the use of a scenario approach, the framework aims to assist in situations where there is no agreement on how to represent the uncertain critical parameters that affect the outcome, that is, crop prices or weather conditions. It considers seven decision objectives that focus on costs, margins, utilities, returns, losses, gains, and regrets to integrate a comprehensive range of farmers’ goals. The framework outputs robust strategies to farmers, that is, land allocation to crops that return acceptable outcomes for as many scenarios as possible, rather than finding an “optimal” strategy that optimizes one or several objectives. It also identifies critical scenario factors that decrease a decision's payback by a classification tree algorithm. We applied the framework to a case study of a farm in the Argentine Pampas to identify robust strategies from typical cropping alternatives based on wheat, maize, and soybean. We share all scripting and data to ensure reproducibility and foster the framework's usage.
Efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to local wound infiltration anaesthesia: A meta‐analysis with trial sequential analysis of 23 randomised controlled trials
Authors: Ren Yifeng , Wei Mengling , Liu Hong , Wang Yao , Chen Hairuo , Li Zhuohong , Shi Wei , You Fengming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo further identify the real efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to local wound infiltration anaesthesia, we conducted this meta‐analysis. The systematic search strategy was performed using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases. As a result, a total of 23 RCTs (1445 patients) were included. Patients receiving dexmedetomidine combined with local anaesthetics had a lower rescue analgesia rate [risk ratio (RR): 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.36‐0.65] and lower rescue analgesic consumption [weighted mean difference (WMD): −10.80 mg; 95%CI: −13.28 to −8.31 mg] than patients receiving local anaesthetics alone. The dexmedetomidine‐related adverse reactions included bradycardia (RR: 1.33; 95%CI: 0.32‐5.56) and hypotension (RR: 3.00; 95%CI: 0.49‐18.42). In addition, the time to first analgesic request (WMD: 296.16 minutes; 95%CI: 165.69 minutes ~ 426.63 minutes), incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and pain scores at 4 hours postoperatively were also significantly lower in patients receiving dexmedetomidine combined with local anaesthetics. This meta‐analysis demonstrated that the use of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to wound infiltration is effective for reducing the rescue analgesia rate, rescue analgesic consumption and PONV. In addition, limited evidence shows that dexmedetomidine can prolong postoperative analgesia for approximately 5 hours. Further investigations on dexmedetomidine‐related adverse reactions and the dose–response effect of dexmedetomidine in wound infiltration are warranted.
Transparent cobalt‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Co2+:YAG) ceramics—An innovatory fast saturable absorber
Authors: Szysiak Agnieszka , Leśniewska‐Matys Kamila , Węglarz Helena , Gołębiewski Przemysław , Podniesiński Dariusz , Kozłowska Anna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHighly transparent Y3Al5O12 (YAG) ceramics doped with 0.025 and 0.05 at.% Co ions were prepared for the first time by the freeze granulation process and reaction sintering. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to analyze the microstructure and crystal structure of the samples. The absorption spectra of the Co2+:YAG ceramics were measured at room temperature, and significant absorption bands at 600 nm, as well as at 1535 nm, were observed. The nonlinear behavior of the received material was experimentally demonstrated. Due to the short relaxation time of investigated ceramics, we considered them as fast saturable absorbers. The influence of the postsintering annealing process was examined. The values of saturation intensities of YAG ceramics with different concentrations of cobalt were estimated by fitting experimental data to the theoretical model for fast saturable absorbers.
Engaging Young Children and Families in Gallery Education at Tate Liverpool
Authors: Wright Denise 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBeyond Words: Engaging Young Children and Families in Gallery Education at Tate Liverpool, is a three‐year ethnographic case study that explores what happens when preschool children, parents and nursery practitioners from a Sure Start Children’s Centre, visit Tate to participate in an extended series of gallery visits and workshops with artists. This article explores the potential value and tensions of those creative and cultural experiences, particularly for young children and families, by critically examining different perspectives, discourses and possible constructs of effective creative engagement. This research contributes to the debate on ways of engaging children and families from marginalised communities in cultural visits and creative practices by opening up existing discussions on poverty, matters of inclusion, negative stereotypes and dominant educational discourses. Insights from parents are included and their feelings are related to the ‘symbolic violence’ often felt by parents and children throughout their education from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. This research explores how Tate Liverpool developed relationships with a diverse family audience, through developing relationships with children and adults over repeated visits, as an important way for offering continuity and a sense of belonging, particularly for families who may not traditionally visit art galleries. In doing so, it makes a case for galleries to be considered as democratic, inclusive and rhizomatic learning environments, where artist educators act as ‘dreamkeepers’. Dreamkeepers can offer the space for extra emotional, social and intellectual support needed for healing from educational injury and for restarting a learning journey.
Influence of habitat availability and fire disturbance on a northern range boundary
Authors: Rayfield Bronwyn , Paul Véronique , Tremblay Francine , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Hély Christelle , Bergeron Yves 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimNon‐climatic constraints on species northern range boundaries are often overlooked in attempts to predict climate‐induced range shifts. Here, we examined the effects of habitat availability and fire disturbance on the distribution of a species that transitions from being common to being found only in marginal populations at the northern boundary of its range.LocationNorth‐western Quebec, Canada (46–51° N and 74–79° W).Taxon : Eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalisL.)MethodsWe used forest inventory data (n = 4,987) to characterize white‐cedar habitat based on edaphic and topographic conditions at sampled sites along a 600‐km latitudinal gradient. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling was used to assess habitat similarity of sites in the south, where white‐cedar stands are abundant, and sites in the north, where white‐cedar stands are rare. We constructed ensemble white cedar distribution models based on habitat variables in the south and compared ensemble forecast projections of white cedar in the north with observed occurrences to determine if habitat availability was limiting. We independently estimated the age of white‐cedar stands and adjacent stands without white cedar along the gradient. ANOVA was performed to test the age difference between white‐cedar and adjacent stands to determine whether the location of white‐cedar stands was influenced by disturbance, primarily stand‐replacing fire.ResultsHabitat availability was not limiting the distribution of eastern white cedar at its northern range boundary. White cedar did not occupy most sites with suitable habitat in the north, suggesting that other factors prevent white cedar from establishing more stands northward. White‐cedar stands were older than adjacent stands without white cedar all along the gradient, but the difference was more pronounced in the north. This suggests that white‐cedar stands in the north are restricted to undisturbed areas.Main conclusionsFire disturbance, more than habitat availability, limits the distribution of white cedar at its northern range boundary. Projections of white cedar distribution under climate change that ignore fire could overestimate the ability of warming temperatures to extend its northern range limit.
Cross‐border Healthcare in the EU: Welfare Burden or Market Opportunity? Evidence from the Spanish Experience
Authors: Finotelli Claudia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEU citizens' access to social rights has become a contentious issue in the EU in the past decade. This article aims to reverse the North–South perspective on intra‐EU mobility and welfare by shifting the research emphasis from the labour‐oriented mobility of young Southern Europeans in Northern Europe to the non‐labour‐motivated mobility of Northern EU citizens in Southern Europe. To do so, this analysis addresses the provision of healthcare assistance regulated by European legislation for European retirees and patients in Spain. The analysis shows that retirement migration has been perceived as a state burden, yet patients' mobility has tended to be seen by the Spanish government as a market opportunity. However, the study also indicates that efforts to deal with these two different types of mobility are embedded in structural constraints that go beyond governments' intentions, which adds a new complexity to the limits of freedom of movement and EU citizenship.
FGF23 and Cause‐Specific Mortality in Community‐Living Individuals—The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study
Authors: Sharma Shilpa , Katz Ronit , Dubin Ruth F. , Drew David A. , Gutierrez Orlando M. , Shlipak Michael G. , Sarnak Mark J. , Ix Joachim H. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesFibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐23 is a key regulator of mineral metabolism and has been linked with left ventricular hypertrophy in animal models. Most existing epidemiologic studies evaluated a C‐terminal FGF23 assay which measures both the intact (active) hormone and inactive fragments. The relationship of intact FGF23 with cause‐specific mortality is unknown.DesignProspective analyses of data from Health, Aging, & Body Composition (HABC) study.SettingCommunity‐living adults aged 70 to 79 years with longitudinal follow up.
Perspective of fibre‐optical microendoscopy with microlenses
Authors: Wang Baokai , Zhang Qiming , Chen Xi , Luan Haitao , Gu Min 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFibre‐optical microendoscopy is based on fibre‐optical confocal scanning microscopy, where optical fibres are introduced for delivery of the source and collection of the signal. Fibre‐optical microendoscopy has led to innovations in imaging of freely moving animals, long‐term imaging, minimally invasive diagnostics, and microsurgery. The lens system in fibre‐optical microendoscopy is significant because of the imaging resolution and miniaturisation possibility. State‐of‐the‐art fibre‐optical microendoscopy based on various types of lens systems is introduced and compared. The lens system contains an objective lens, a gradient index microlens, and other novel lens systems fabricated by electric arc discharge or two‐photon lithography.
A new phytocosmetic preparation from Thymus vulgaris stimulates adipogenesis and controls skin aging process: In vitro studies and topical effects in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Caverzan Jeanifer , Mussi Lilian , Sufi Bianca , Padovani Giovana , Nazato Lucas , Camargo Flavio B. , Magalhães Wagner V. , Di Stasi Luiz C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe use of the injectable products for soft tissue augmentation and treatment of skin aging is an uncomfortable, invasive and related to several complications, and chronic reactions, mainly after long‐term application. Efforts to develop new topically active anti‐aging products with fewer adverse effects are a huge challenge that should be faced.AimsWe evaluated the anti‐aging effects of a phytocosmetic preparation containing Thymus vulgaris associated with lecithin (ThymLec) on the facial wrinkles, expression lines, and face oval remodeling using a double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial and in vitro cell culture assays.MethodsA clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of ThymLec 2% on the area, length, and depth of the perioral and crow's feet wrinkles, nasolabial and smile lines, as well as face oval remodeling in female volunteers using a sophisticated Bio3D Structured‐light Scanner. In the in vitro studies using 3T3‐L1 mouse embryonic fibroblasts, adiponectin was measured by immunoenzymatic assay, adipogenesis by the AdipoRed reagent method, and the PPAR‐γ expression by RT‐PCR analysis.ResultsTopical treatment with ThymLec 2% reduced facial wrinkles and expression lines promoting a face oval remodeling. In the in vitro studies, ThymLec upregulated the PPAR‐γ expression increasing adiponectin production and stimulating the adipogenesis process.ConclusionsThe phytocosmetic preparation containing Thymus vulgaris and lecithin is an innovative and safe topical anti‐aging product promoting fat tissue augmentation by adipogenesis stimulation via the upregulation of PPAR‐γ expression and adiponectin production.