bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emperipolesis of lymphocytes by mesothelial cells in pleural effusion involved by T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma
Authors: AbdullGaffar Badr 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEmperipolesis is a physiologic or pathologic phenomenon characterized by the presence of intact viable cells within the cytoplasm of another cell. It has been described in normal tissues and in a variety of inflammatory and neoplastic lesions such as Rosai‐Dorfman disease, tumors, hematopoietic disorders and rarely lymphomas. Emperipolesis by mesothelial cells is rare. Few cases of mesothelial emperipolesis of neoplastic lymphocytes in pleural effusions involved by lymphomas have been reported in the literature. Its etiopathogenesis and significance are controversial and speculative. We report a case of a 36‐year‐old man who presented with cough, chest pain, breathing difficulty, pericardial, and bilateral pleural effusions secondary to mediastinal T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma. Pleural fluid cytology slides and cell block sections showed numerous single dispersed neoplastic lymphoblasts with occasional giant multinucleated mesothelial cells with emperipolesis of lymphocytes. The background showed scattered and clumped apoptotic karyorrhexis debris and reactive mesothelial cells. Cell block immunohistochemistry showed CD3, CD5, CD7, CD10, CD99, and TdT positive lymphocytes, consistent with involvement by T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma. The giant cells were positive for cytokeratin, calretinin and WT1 confirming their mesothelial origin. Lymphoid effusions with emperipolesis may raise a potential diagnostic pitfall because they may morphologically be confused with other inflammatory and neoplastic lesions. This cell‐in‐cell phenomenon can be a helpful clue in the differential diagnosis of lymphocyte‐rich effusions since it has been described in association with lymphomas. It might shed some light on the lymphocyte‐mesothelial interaction and the potential phagocytic antigen‐presenting properties of mesothelial cells under certain circumstances.
The pursuit of understanding multinucleated giant cells in indeterminate and malignant thyroid cytology samples
Authors: Aykutlu Umut , Aydın Ozkan , Gundogdu Betul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMultinucleated giant cell (MGC) present in a variety of non‐neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the thyroid on cytology samples. We aimed to investigate whether certain MGC features that can help us in routine cytopathology practice.METHODOne hundred and thirty seven cases thyroid fine‐needle aspiration material, which was diagnosed as indeterminate or malignant according to the Bethesda categorization, were reviewed. All cytomorphological features of the MGCs were documented. These features correlated with Bethesda categories and the final diagnosis of the subsequent surgical specimen.RESULTSThe presence of the MGCs was identified in 42% of the samples (58 cases‐total 236 MGCs). Eighty eight of them (37%) had dense cytoplasm, 148 of them had foamy cytoplasm. The mean number of dense and foamy MGC per case was higher in the malignant category (3.2 for dense MGC and 6 for foamy MGC per case). All dense MGCs were found to be in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Remarkably, follicular patterned lesions had less often dense MGC compared to papillary patterned lesions (16.6% and 46.8% respectively). We detected a nuclear irregularity in 49 dense MGC (55%), groove‐like features in 24 dense MGC (27.2%), and presence of some material/cell in 8 dense MGC (9%).CONCLUSIONThe presence of dense MGC is an important finding for guiding accurate Bethesda categorization, especially in indeterminate and malignant categories. Besides, the presence of some material or cell in MGCs cytoplasm can be an important indicator for the prognosis of the PTC cases.
The complexities associated with new psychoactive substances in influent wastewater: The case of 4‐ethylmethcathinone
Authors: Bade Richard , Abbate Vincenzo , Abdelaziz Ahmed , Nguyen Lynn , Trobbiani Stephen , Stockham Peter , Elliott Simon , White Jason M. , Gerber Cobus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConsumption of new psychoactive substances (NPS) is an international problem for health, policing, forensic, and analytical laboratories. The transience of these substances in the community, combined with continual slight structural changes to evade legislation makes the elucidation of NPS an analytical challenge. This is amplified in a matrix as complex as wastewater. For that reason, suspect and non‐target methodologies, employing high resolution mass spectrometry are the most appropriate current tool to facilitate the identification of new and existing compounds. In the current work, a qualitative screening method of influent wastewater using liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry showed a strong signal at m/z 192.1382 – identical to that of two NPS standards that were in our method (pentedrone and 4‐methylethcathinone), and with identical fragment ions, but the retention times did not match. This work shows the methodology followed to identify this compound, highlighting the challenges of the identifying “new” compounds in influent wastewater.
Tentative identification of the phase I and II metabolites of two synthetic cathinones, MDPHP and α‐PBP, in human urine
Authors: Kavanagh Pierce , Gofenberg Mariia , Shevyrin Vadim , Dvorskaya Oksana , Dowling Geraldine , Grigoryev Andrej 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCathinone derivatives are one of the more prominent groups of new psychoactive substances in terms of the number of forensic case reports and the variety of chemical structures available. These substances often sold as “bath salts” are classified as psychostimulants. Using liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry, the metabolites of two pyrrolidine cathinone derivatives, α‐PBP and the less common MDPHP, were tentatively identified in urine samples collected from patients admitted to hospital following drug intoxications. The major metabolic pathways for α‐PBP and MDPHP were similar to those of their more common analogs (α‐PVP and MDPV). Metabolites arising from hydroxylation, reduction of the carbonyl group to an alcohol, oxidation to form a lactam and subsequent ring‐opening, and a combination of these processes were identified. In addition, biotransformations of the benzodioxole moiety in MDPHP included demethylenation with subsequent methylation and carboxylation of the butyl group. The majority of the hydroxylated metabolites of α‐PBP and MDPHP were found to be glucuronidated. Both α‐PBP and MDPHP undergo extensive metabolism and the chromatographic peak areas of the metabolites were found to be comparable to or exceeded those of the parent substances. Metabolites resulting from demethylenation and subsequent methylation (MDPHP), reduction of carbonyl group (α‐PBP), and oxidation to form a lactam combined with ring‐opening (α‐PBP and MDPHP) were found to be the most useful target analytes for the confirmation of ingestion.
Don't shortchange a long illness: A commentary on Severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Attia Evelyn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWonderlich et al.'s manuscript “Severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa: Update and Observations about the Current Clinical Reality” reviews Severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa (SE‐AN) from several perspectives, hoping to stimulate discussion among clinicians, researchers, and other stakeholders about needed next steps for furthering the science relevant to the severe and enduring form of illness that affects a subgroup of individuals with AN. Among the important reasons for a new discussion of SE‐AN is that health care has evolved in ways that have reduced comprehensive services for those who are more seriously affected. It is critical that adults with SE‐AN be examined empirically to help identify effective strategies for clinical management and that health care policies assure parity for this seriously affected group.
Examining vegetarianism, weight motivations, and eating disorder psychopathology among college students
Authors: Zickgraf Hana F. , Hazzard Vivienne M. , O'Connor Shannon M. , Simone Melissa , Williams‐Kerver Gail A. , Anderson Lisa M. , Lipson Sarah K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivePrevious research has suggested a link between vegetarianism, broadly defined, and symptoms of eating disorders (ED). However, the literature supporting this link is mixed and limited by possible measurement artifacts. Using data from a national sample of college students, the present study examines ED symptomatology among three groups: (a) vegetarians whose meat avoidance is motivated by weight concerns; (b) non‐weight motivated vegetarians; and (c) nonvegetarians.MethodParticipants include 9,910 students from 12 colleges and universities across the United States who participated in the web‐based Healthy Bodies Study. ED symptomatology was measured using the Short‐Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (S‐EDE‐Q). First, multi‐group confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test measurement invariance (MI) of the S‐EDE‐Q across weight‐motivated vegetarians, non‐weight‐motivated vegetarians, and nonvegetarians. Gender‐ and BMI‐adjusted ANCOVA was used to compare S‐EDE‐Q scores across groups.Results9.3% of participants were vegetarian. Cis‐women and gender minority students were more likely to be vegetarian; those who became vegetarians after entering college were more likely to report weight‐related motivations. Strict MI was supported for the S‐EDE‐Q global and subscale scores. Weight‐motivated vegetarians reported higher levels of restraint, shape/weight overvaluation, body dissatisfaction, and global ED psychopathology relative to other participants.DiscussionTo our knowledge, this is the first to explicitly link weight motivations for vegetarianism to ED psychopathology in a large, representative sample of young adults. Results suggest that students presenting with ED symptoms should be assessed for their motivations for adopting a vegetarian diet, and this information should be considered in treatment decisions.
Volatile organic compounds from leaf litter decomposition alter soil microbial communities and carbon dynamics
Authors: McBride Steven G. , Choudoir Mallory , Fierer Noah , Strickland Michael S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInvestigations into the transfer of carbon from plant litter to underlying soil horizons have primarily focused on the leaching of soluble carbon from litter belowground or the mixing of litter directly into soil. However, previous work has largely ignored the role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released during litter decomposition. Unlike most leaf carbon, these litter‐derived VOCs are able to diffuse directly into the soil matrix. Here, we used a 99‐d microcosm experiment to track VOCs produced during microbial decomposition of 13C‐labeled leaf litter into soil carbon fractions where the decomposing litters were only sharing headspace with the soil samples, thus preventing direct contact and aqueous movement of litter carbon. We also determined the effects of these litter‐derived VOCs on soil microbial community structure. We demonstrated that the litter VOCs contributed to all measured soil carbon pools. Specifically, VOC‐derived carbon accounted for 2.0, 0.61, 0.18, and 0.08% of carbon in the microbial biomass, dissolved organic matter, mineral‐associated organic matter, and particulate organic matter pools, respectively. We also show that litter‐derived VOCs can affect soil bacterial and fungal community diversity and composition. These findings highlight the importance of an underappreciated pathway where VOCs alter soil microbial communities and carbon dynamics.
A Lightweight, Adhesive, Dual‐Functionalized Over‐Coating Interphase Toward Ultra‐Stable High‐Current Density Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Li Shaowen , Ma Yue , Wei Bingqing 
Published: July 2020

Coherent manipulation of the lithium plating pattern is at the heart of the safe operation of metallic anodes in the battery technologies. In this article, a lightweight (~0.3 mg cm−2), dual‐functionalized carbon spheres are anchored onto the Cu foil as the interfacial protective layer via the chelation process of the catechol groups in the polydopamine precursor and the copper foil. The dual‐functionalized carbon spheres exhibit the intriguing complementary features: Lithiophilic nitrogen dopants favor the Li+ ion absorption and mitigate the nucleation barrier, while the micro/mesopore reservoir spatially homogenizes the ion flux distribution, confining the metallic propagation without dendrite‐like protrusions. The metallic anode exhibits an ultra‐stable plating/stripping process for 1400 hr with the average Coulombic efficiency of ~99%. A full‐cell prototype is constructed by pairing the N‐doped carbon spheres on the bare Cu (NCS‐Cu) electrode with the high‐mass‐loading LiVPO4F (12.5 mg cm−2) cathode that can deliver a high energy density of 421.2 Wh kg−1 with the highest power density of 2106 W kg−1 to promise the anode use for high‐power/energy‐dense metallic batteries.
Association of iron deficiency, anaemia, and functional outcomes in patients undergoing edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair
Authors: Iliadis Christos , Metze Clemens , Körber Maria Isabel , Baldus Stephan , Pfister Roman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsPatients undergoing percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR) show a substantial heterogeneity of prognostic and symptomatic benefit. Iron deficiency and anaemia are associated with worse outcomes in heart failure patients. We investigated the impact of these comorbidities on functional and clinical outcome after PMVR.Methods and resultsIron deficiency and anaemia were prospectively assessed in 130 patients undergoing PMVR with MitraClip. Associations with functional outcomes at 6 weeks [6 min walking distance (6MWD), Short‐Form‐36 physical component score, and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score, New York Heart Association class] and long‐term clinical outcome were examined. Iron deficiency and anaemia were frequent with 52% and 50%, respectively. Patients with anaemia showed significant worse baseline functional measures, whereas patients with iron deficiency showed only a trend for lower baseline 6MWD. The benefit in functional outcomes after PMVR was notable and did not differ significantly by iron deficiency or anaemia status (range of median changes in 6MWD 35 to 45 m, physical component score 5.6 to 7.2, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire −8.0 to −10.5; improvement of ≥1 New York Heart Association class 69% to 80%). Anaemia was associated with higher risk for the combined endpoint of mortality and heart failure hospitalization (hazard ratio: 2.51; 95% confidence interval: 1.24–5.1; P = 0.01), whereas iron deficiency showed a trend towards more heart failure hospitalizations (hazard ratio: 2.94; 95% confidence interval: 0.94–9.03; P = 0.09).ConclusionsThe prevalence of iron deficiency and anaemia is high in patients undergoing MitraClip. Clinical baseline status and long‐term outcome were worse particularly in patients with anaemia. However, the functional benefit of PMVR was equal in patients with and without iron deficiency and anaemia.
Systemic inflammatory markers in neck pain: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Farrell Scott F. , de Zoete Rutger M. J. , Cabot Peter J. , Sterling Michele 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveMechanisms underpinning symptoms in non‐traumatic neck pain (NTNP) and whiplash‐associated disorder (WAD) are not comprehensively understood. There is emerging evidence of systemic inflammation in musculoskeletal pain conditions, including neck and back pain. The aim of this systematic review was to determine if raised blood inflammatory markers are associated with neck pain.Databases and Data TreatmentMEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Web of Science databases were searched. Two independent reviewers identified studies for inclusion and extracted data. Meta‐analysis was performed by random effects model to calculate standard mean differences (SMDs). Risk of bias of individual studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Overall quality of evidence from meta‐analysis was assessed by Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.ResultsIn total, 10 studies were included comprising 706 participants. Three studies provided data for acute WAD, two for chronic WAD, four for chronic NTNP and one for chronic mixed WAD and NTNP. Meta‐analysis indicated increased interleukin 1β (SMD: 0.84 [95% CI 0.24, 1.44], p = .01, I2 = 59%) and tumour necrosis factor α (SMD: 0.59 [0.09, 1.09], p = .02, I2 = 45%) in chronic neck pain compared to controls, but no increase in monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1. Some inflammatory markers were associated with clinical variables (including pain intensity and disability). Quality of evidence was mostly low due to small samples and high heterogeneity.ConclusionsFindings imply that raised blood inflammatory markers are present in chronic neck pain, which may represent an ongoing inflammatory process in this population.SignificanceThis systematic review advances our understanding of neck pain pathophysiology by demonstrating the presence of systemic inflammation in chronic neck pain, in the form of raised IL‐1β and TNFα. Further, numerous inflammatory markers were associated with clinical variables, including pain intensity, disability and hyperalgesia. These findings imply that systemic inflammation may contribute to mechanisms underlying neck pain.
Movement, posture and low back pain. How do they relate? A replicated single‐case design in 12 people with persistent, disabling low back pain
Authors: Wernli Kevin , O'Sullivan Peter , Smith Anne , Campbell Amity , Kent Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMovement and posture are commonly believed to relate to non‐specific low back pain (NSLBP). While people with NSLBP appear to move and posture themselves differently from those without NSLBP, changes in movement and posture infrequently relate to improvements in NSLBP when analysed at a group‐level. Additionally, little is known about how movement or posture change when clinical outcome improves.MethodsWithin‐person relationships were investigated using a replicated, repeated measures, single‐case design in 12 people with persistent, disabling NSLBP. Individually relevant movement and posture were captured using wearable sensors on up to 20 occasions over a 22‐week period (5‐week baseline, 12‐week physiotherapy‐led intervention, 5‐week follow‐up), while pain and activity limitation were collected concomitantly. A series of cross‐correlation analyses estimated the presence, strength, and direction of relationships.ResultsMany participants (n = 10/12) had strong (e.g. r = 0.91, p = <0.001) relationships between changes in movement or posture and changes in pain and activity limitation, while some showed no strong association. Where relationships were observed, clinical improvement predominantly (93% or 57/61 relationships) related to increased spinal movement range and velocity during forward bending and lifting, reduced lumbar muscle EMG activity at maximum voluntary flexion, and increased posterior‐pelvic‐tilt during sitting and standing.ConclusionWithin‐person changes to individually relevant movement and posture appear to often relate to clinical outcome, but not always. When changes were related, movement and posture appear to return towards being ‘less protective’, however causal directions remain unknown. Important activities, movements, and postural parameters varied across the participants, highlighting the potential importance of individualized management.SignificanceChanges to individually relevant movement and posture appear to often relate to clinical outcome, but not always. Patient‐specific activities, and movement or postural parameters that related to improved pain and activity limitation, varied across the 12 participants, highlighting the potential importance of individualised management. Where clinical improvements were related to changes in movement or posture, participants consistently returned towards being ‘less protective’ (increased range and speed of movement, increased posterior‐pelvic‐tilt during sitting and standing). Mechanisms and generalizability remain unclear.
Measurements and calculations of seasonal evaporation rate from bare sandstone surfaces: Implications for rock weathering
Authors: Slavík Martin , Bruthans Jiří , Weiss Tomáš , Schweigstillová Jana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEvaporation from porous rock plays an important role in weathering processes. In the case of salt weathering, the evaporation rate controls supersaturation of salt solutions within pores and the amount of precipitated aggressive salts, therefore weathering occurs mostly in places with intense evaporation. Evaporation also strongly affects frost, hydric and biogenic weathering, as these are influenced by water content and its temporal changes. Despite its importance, evaporation from porous rocks has seen little scientific focus. We present a study on evaporation from bare sandstone, one of the most common rocks affected by weathering. A new method that measures the evaporation rate from the surfaces of sandstone samples under field microclimate was developed and tested. Also, a simple calculation of 1D evaporation rate from bare sandstone surfaces based on Fick's law of diffusion is presented. The measurement was performed using sandstone cores (with a set depth of the vaporization plane) in a humid continental climate and measured on a roughly monthly interval for about 1 year. For the calculations, a laboratory‐measured water‐vapour diffusion coefficient of the sandstone, in‐situ seasonally measured vaporization plane depth, and values of air humidity and temperature were used. The sensitivity analyses showed that the most important factor controlling the evaporation rate was the vaporization plane depth, while seasonal and spatial changes of air humidity and temperature were of lesser importance. The calculated evaporation rate reasonably follows measured values. For its simplicity and the small number of parameters required, the proposed method has the potential to improve knowledge of weathering and living conditions of endolithic and epilithic organisms. Further research should focus on factors affecting the evaporation rate (wind, hygroscopicity, hydrophobicity, etc.) to improve the accuracy of the calculations, as well as to test the applicability of the method for other lithologies and climates. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.