bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a peer review program using the validated DIET‐COMMS tool to assess dietitians' communication skills in the workplace
Authors: Notaras Stephanie , Smythe Kylie , Mak May , Whitehead Kirsten 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsCommunication is the main method used by dietitians to conduct their practice. Yet, few evidence‐based tools are available to assess dietitians' communication skills to guide skill development. Further, workplace peer review programs for assessment of communication skills are not standard practice. DIET‐COMMS is a validated tool to assess dietitians' communication skills in patient consultations. The aims of this study were to implement a workplace peer review program using the DIET‐COMMS tool, assess dietitians' communication skills, evaluate inter‐rater reliability and dietitian satisfaction.MethodsSingle site study within Australian hospital dietetics department. Training for DIET‐COMMS usage was undertaken with assessors (senior dietitians) and dietitians being assessed using an online training package and face‐to‐face group sessions. The peer review process consisted of two rounds, occurring four to six months apart. The first round was undertaken with two assessors to evaluate inter‐rater reliability. An online survey was conducted to evaluate dietitian satisfaction.ResultsSeventeen dietitians completed the program. In the first round, 13 of 17 dietitians scored 76% to 100% on the DIET‐COMMS tool (median = 85%, interquartile range [IQR] = 77‐93). All dietitians scored 76‐100% (median = 98%, IQR = 94‐100) in the second round, with significantly higher scores compared to the first (98% vs 85%; P‐value <.001). The intra‐class correlation coefficient was 0.86 (95% confidence interval = 0.64‐0.95), indicating good‐excellent inter‐rater reliability. All dietitians reported the tool measured the nutrition care process adequately and was applicable to practice.ConclusionsThe peer review program using DIET‐COMMS was successfully implemented within a workplace environment. Widespread implementation of peer review programs using DIET‐COMMS is recommended as a standard practice for the profession.
The potential application of the protein hydrolysates of three medicinal plants: cytotoxicity and functional properties
Authors: Taghizadeh Mohammad Sadegh , Niazi Ali , Moghadam Ali , Afsharifar Ali Reza 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFunctional evaluation of encrypted bioactive peptides in protein structure helps to better understand those for using in pharmacy and food sciences. For this purpose, the total protein was extracted from Matricaria chamomilla, Ziziphora clinopodioides, and Cressa cretica, and partially purified with ammonium sulfate. Protein hydrolysates were obtained from pancreatin hydrolysis for 240 min and the enzyme hydrolysis was confirmed using the determination of hydrolysis degree and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) followed by the physicochemical and sensory properties were investigated. The results showed that all hydrolysates had both cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Specifically, C. cretica hydrolysates represented cytotoxic activity against the MCF‐7 cell line with the IC50 of 135.21 µg/mL, while showed no significant growth inhibition effect on the HEK293 cell line. Besides, M. chamomilla hydrolysates showed the lowest bitterness value (1.125 ± 0.52). From the perspective of color investigation, M. chamomilla hydrolysates indicated the highest L* and the lowest a* factors. The highest turbidity and surface tension, and 10‐fold more cancer cell killing effect under gastrointestinal digestion conditions were observed for M. chamomilla hydrolysates. Therefore, bioactive peptides might be formulated in designing of novel anticancer drugs or could be used in promising protocols for the production of food products with beneficial health effects.
Effects of epoxy stearic acid on lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Jinwei , Liu Yuanfa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the present study, effects of cis‐9,10‐epoxystearic acid (ESA) generated by the thermal oxidation of oleic acid on HepG2 cells, including intracellular lipid accumulation, fatty acid composition, and lipid metabolism, were investigated. Our results revealed that ESA increased the number and size of cellular lipid droplets. Intracellular triacylglycerol and total cholesterol content demonstrated that ESA induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Results of fatty acid composition further indicated that ESA could lead to intracellular lipid accumulation. Our results also revealed that ESA may suppress the fatty acid oxidation in peroxisomes and mitochondria, including PPARα, Cpt1α, and Acox1, whereas the expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis, including Srebp‐1c and Scd1, was enhanced. These findings provide critical information on the effects of ESA on HepG2 cells, particularly lipid accumulation and metabolism, which is important for evaluating the biosafety of the oxidative product of oleic acid.Practical ApplicationThe administration of cis‐9,10‐epoxystearic acid to HepG2 cells could lead to disorder of lipid metabolism of cells by enhancing the intracellular lipid content, as well as suppressing the fatty acid oxidation in peroxisomes and mitochondria. These findings could provide information for the evaluation of the biosafety of the oxidative product of oleic acid.
Dietary Alaska pollock protein alters insulin sensitivity and gut microbiota composition in rats
Authors: Hosomi Ryota , Nishimoto Ayano , Kobayashi Toshihiro , Ikeda Yuki , Mitsui Megumi , Shimono Takaki , Kanda Seiji , Nishiyama Toshimasa , Yoshida Munehiro , Fukunaga Kenji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFish protein is not only nutritional but also promotes health by improving insulin sensitivity and hypercholesterolemia. Few studies have examined the relationship between gut microbiota and the enhanced insulin sensitivity due to the intake of Alaska pollock protein (APP). Hence, we assessed the glycolytic enzyme inhibitory activity of APP in in vitro study and the alteration of blood glucose level in insulin tolerance test (ITT) and glucose tolerance test (GTT) and gut microbiota following APP intake in the in vivo study. In initial experiments, the glycolytic enzyme (α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and sucrase) inhibitory activities of APP and its digest were not drastically altered compared with that of casein and its digests. In further experiments, rats fed an AIN‐93G diet containing 20% (w/w) casein or APP for 8 weeks, and the composition of fecal microbiota analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequence analysis. In addition, at 6 and 7 weeks of administration of experimental diet, insulin and glucose tolerance tests were evaluated, respectively. Compared with dietary casein, dietary APP has blood glucose‐lowering activity as evident in the ITT and GTT. Moreover, APP group altered the structure of fecal microbiota, and area under the curves of the ITT and GTT and the relative abundance of Blautia, which is associated with glucose metabolism, tended to be positively correlated (P = 0.08 and 0.10, respectively). This study illustrates a novel finding that APP intake could alter the composition of gut microbiota and improve insulin sensitivity.Practical ApplicationStudies in animals and humans have shown that Alaska pollock protein (APP) intake improves insulin sensitivity, allowing the body to utilize blood glucose more effectively, thereby keeping blood sugar levels under control. Microorganisms residing in the human gut are associated with glucose metabolism. This study shows that the relative APP intake alters the composition of these gut microorganisms, more than casein intake and therefore might prevent hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes.
Metabolomic profiling of food matrices: Preliminary identification of potential markers of microbial contamination
Authors: Carraturo Federica , Libralato Giovanni , Esposito Rodolfo , Galdiero Emilia , Aliberti Francesco , Amoresano Angela , Fontanarosa Carolina , Trifuoggi Marco , Guida Marco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe research aimed to generate an early warning system highlighting in real‐time bacterial contamination of meat matrices and providing information which could support companies in accepting or rejecting batches. Current microorganisms’ detection methods rely on techniques (plate counting), which provide retrospective values for microbial contamination. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the ability of the headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS) methodologies to detect volatile organic carbons (VOCs), which may be associated to a peculiar microbiological contamination of food. The disposal of fast headspace gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC/MS) able to accurately and rapidly (30 min per sample) detect pathogens in raw meat could replace the traditional and time‐consuming (3 to 4 days) standardized microbiological analysis required by regulations. Experiments focused on qualitative and quantitative evaluations of VOCs produced by Salmonella Typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni, and Staphylococcus aureus in different types of raw meat (beef, pork, chicken). HS‐SPME‐GC/MS allowed to use smaller sample volumes compared to traditional methods with no sample processing and the potentiality for its application on various food matrices for the detection of a wide variety of pathogens. Data analysis showed the identification of unique VOCs’ profiles being possible markers of meat contamination due to their association to specific pathogens. The identification of VOCs markers in association to selected bacterial pathogens and their metabolites could support the rapid determination of specific meat samples contamination. Further research is required to outline‐specific metabolic profiles for each microorganism responsible of meat contamination and prevent false positives.
Lycopene protects neuroblastoma cells against oxidative damage via depression of ER stress
Authors: Ou Shanshan , Fang Yinchao , Tang Hai , Wu Tong , Chen Lizhi , Jiang Mei , Zhou Lingqi , Xu Jie , Guo Kaihua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLycopene is a pigment derived from tomatoes and other red fruits, and has potent antioxidant and antitumor effects. However, its potential role in alleviating oxidative damage in neuronal cells is not well defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of lycopene on H2O2‐induced damage in neuroblastoma cells, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Exposure to H2O2 markedly decreased the viability of SH‐SY5Y cells and increased LDH release, both of which were reversed by lycopene pretreatment. Lycopene also ameliorated H2O2‐induced damage and reduced the expression of apoptotic markers, such as Bcl‐2, Bax, and cleaved caspase 3. In addition, the H2O2‐induced oxidative markers, including MDA, 8‐OHdG, and protein carbonyls, were also downregulated by lycopene. Exogenous H2O2 activated the GRP78/PERK/eIF2α signaling pathway, which was inhibited by pretreatment with lycopene. Finally, lycopene significantly ameliorated ER stress‐induced activation and nuclear translocation of CHOP. Overexpression of CHOP markedly reversed the antiapoptotic effects of lycopene, indicating that it is essential for the latter's protective effects. Taken together, lycopene protects neuroblastoma cells from oxidative stress and ER stress‐induced damage by inhibiting the PERK‐CHOP signaling pathway, which is a potential therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases.Practical ApplicationLycopene demonstrated antioxidative damage properties in protecting the neural system in vitro. The present study provides a novel preventive strategy against neurodegenerative diseases. Increased consumption of lycopene‐based products and lycopene‐rich fruits and vegetables may result in a lower risk for neurodegenerative diseases.
Neuron‐specific deletion of CuZnSOD leads to an advanced sarcopenic phenotype in older mice
Authors: Bhaskaran Shylesh , Pollock Natalie , C. Macpherson Peter , Ahn Bumsoo , Piekarz Katarzyna M. , Staunton Caroline A. , Brown Jacob L. , Qaisar Rizwan , Vasilaki Aphrodite , Richardson Arlan , McArdle Anne , Jackson Malcolm J. , Brooks Susan V. , Van Remmen Holly 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAge‐associated loss of muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) has a profound effect on the quality of life in the elderly. Our previous studies show that CuZnSOD deletion in mice (Sod1−/− mice) recapitulates sarcopenia phenotypes, including elevated oxidative stress and accelerated muscle atrophy, weakness, and disruption of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). To determine whether deletion of Sod1 initiated in neurons in adult mice is sufficient to induce muscle atrophy, we treated young (2‐ to 4‐month‐old) Sod1flox/SlickHCre mice with tamoxifen to generate i‐mn‐Sod1KO mice. CuZnSOD protein was 40‐50% lower in neuronal tissue in i‐mn‐Sod1KO mice. Motor neuron number in ventral spinal cord was reduced 28% at 10 months and more than 50% in 18‐ to 22‐month‐old i‐mn‐Sod1KO mice. By 24 months, 22% of NMJs in i‐mn‐Sod1KO mice displayed a complete lack of innervation and deficits in specific force that are partially reversed by direct muscle stimulation, supporting the loss of NMJ structure and function. Muscle mass was significantly reduced by 16 months of age and further decreased at 24 months of age. Overall, our findings show that neuronal‐specific deletion of CuZnSOD is sufficient to cause motor neuron loss in young mice, but that NMJ disruption, muscle atrophy, and weakness are not evident until past middle age. These results suggest that loss of innervation is critical but may not be sufficient until the muscle reaches a threshold beyond which it cannot compensate for neuronal loss or rescue additional fibers past the maximum size of the motor unit.
Invasive gall‐forming wasps that threaten non‐native plantation‐grownEucalyptus: diversity and invasion patterns
Authors: Dittrich‐Schröder Gudrun , Hurley Brett P. , Wingfield Michael J. , Nahrung Helen F. , Slippers Bernard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGall‐forming hymenopterans ofEucalyptusspecies are highly successful invaders causing significant damage in non‐native plantation forests. To date, at least 16 of these species have been recorded as invasive eucalypt gall formers, of which less than half are known from Australia where they are thought to be native. About 80% of the species have become invasive only in the last two decades, <10%, of which were known from Australia beforehand.Two species,Leptocybe invasaandOphelimus maskelliare global invaders that have become established in 43 and 23 countries, respectively, since 2000. They belong to a large number of wasps that cause similar damage and that could become invasive in the future.The problem of identification is exacerbated by the fact that many species lack taxonomic descriptions; over 80% of the invasive eucalypt gall wasps were first described from their invasive range. The small number of taxonomists able to identify these insects slows accurate diagnoses. Even when initial identifications have been made, these may be confused with morphologically similar but distinct cryptic species, which may differ in their host range and natural enemy interactions.Furthermore, detailed information regarding their biology and native distribution is typically sparse or unknown. This lack of information delays the initiation of management actions because breeding for resistance and biological control requires accurate identification of the target pest.The gall‐forming hymenopterans associated withEucalyptusrepresent an important group on which to focus the development of pre‐emptive quarantine, monitoring and potential management options. Given the global nature of invasions by these insects, an international and collaborative research approach is required, where knowledge and tools for study can be shared in a more effective manner.
Effect of temperature on fecundity, development, and emergence of the invasive ambrosia beetle Euwallacea kuroshio (Coleoptera: Scolytinae)
Authors: Dodge Christine , Stouthamer Richard 
Published: September 2020

The Kuroshio shot hole borer (KSHB) Euwallacea kuroshio is an invasive ambrosia beetle pest in Southern California, where it causes Fusarium dieback in a number of different host tree species.
Since its discovery in California in about 2014, the KSHB has established or been identified across a wide geographic range along the California coast, spanning north from the Mexican border to San Luis Obispo.
KSHB were reared at temperatures ranging from 16 to 32 °C to determine the effect of temperature on development and emergence rates, brood size, and colonization success.
The highest total emergence and number of successful colonies occurred when KSHB was reared at 28 °C. Mean days until first offspring emergence decreased as temperature increased up to 30 °C, after which emergence ceased.
The thermal constant was estimated to be 318 degree‐days. Using this approximation in conjunction with weather data from the California Irrigation Management Information System, we predict the annual number of generations of KSHB in several locations across its invasive range in California. Results can be used to predict the timing and number of generations in other invaded areas, as well as estimate the range of this pest.
Use of oxygenator with short‐term ventricular assist devices
Authors: Mohite Prashant , Garda Rita , Umakumar Kabeer , Kaul Sundip , Marczin Nandor , Zych Bartlomiej , Garcia‐Saez Diana , Monteagudo‐Vela Maria , Mahesh Balakrishnan , Stock Ulrich , De Robertis Fabio , Simon Andre 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVenoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) serves as a conventional short‐term mechanical circulatory assist to support heart and lung functions. The short‐term ventricular assist devices (ST‐VAD) can, on the contrary, offer only circulatory support. A combination of VAD and oxygenator (Oxy‐VAD) could help overcome this potential disadvantage. This is a retrospective case note study of patients supported on ST‐VAD which required adding an oxygenator for extra respiratory support. The oxygenator was introduced in the ST‐VAD circuit, either on the left or the right side. Twenty‐two patients with the etiology of refractory cardiogenic shock in decompensation were supported on Oxy‐VAD between years 2009 and 2019 at tertiary care . All patients were classified into class‐I INTERMACS with a mean SOFA Score of 14 ± 2.58. 86.4% of patients were already on mechanical support pre‐ST‐VAD implant, 80% on VA‐ECMO. The BiVAD implant accounted for 63.6%, followed by LVAD and RVAD with 27.3% and 9.1%. Mean duration of the ST‐VAD was 8.5 days. The oxygenator was introduced in 14 RVAD and 8 LVAD circuits. The oxygenator was successfully weaned in 54.5% while ST‐VAD was explanted in 31.8%. Discharge to home survival was 22.7%. Oxy‐VAD proves a viable, and probably, a better option to VA‐ECMO in acute cardiorespiratory decompensation. It offers organ‐specific tailor‐made support to the right and/or left heart and/or lungs. While on Oxy‐VAD support, each organ performance can be assessed independently, and the assistance of the specifically improved organ can be weaned off without discontinuing the support for the rest.
Family socio‐economic status and childhood coeliac disease seem to be unrelated—A cross‐sectional screening study
Authors: Norström Fredrik , Namatovu Fredinah , Carlsson Annelie , Högberg Lotta , Ivarsson Anneli , Myléus Anna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of our study was to examine whether there is a difference in coeliac disease prevalence in regard to parents' education level and occupation, and whether this differs between screened and clinically diagnosed children at the age of 12 years.MethodsThe study, Exploring the Iceberg of Celiacs in Sweden (ETICS), was a school‐based screening study of 12‐year‐old children that was undertaken during the school years 2005/2006 and 2009/2010. Data on parental education and occupation were reported from parents of the children. Specifically, by parents of 10 710 children without coeliac disease, 88 children diagnosed with coeliac disease through clinical care, and 231 who were diagnosed during the study.ResultsThere were no statistically significant associations between occupation and coeliac disease for either the clinically detected (prevalence ratio 1.16; confidence interval 0.76‐1.76) or screening‐detected coeliac disease cases (prevalence ratio 0.86; confidence interval 0.66‐1.12) in comparison with children with no coeliac disease. Also, there were no statistically significant associations for parental education and coeliac disease diagnosis.ConclusionThere was no apparent relationship between coeliac disease and socio‐economic position. Using parents' socio‐economic status as a tool to help identify children more likely to have coeliac disease is not recommended.
Turbidites, topography and tectonics: Evolution of submarine channel‐lobe systems in the salt‐influenced Kwanza Basin, offshore Angola
Authors: Howlett Danielle M. , Gawthorpe Rob L. , Ge Zhiyuan , Rotevatn Atle , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the evolution of submarine channel‐lobe systems on salt‐influenced slopes is challenging as these systems react to subtle, syn‐depositional changes in sea‐floor topography. The impact of large blocking structures on individual deep‐water systems is well documented, but our understanding of the spatial and temporal evolution of extensive channel‐lobe systems on slopes influenced by relatively modest salt structures is relatively poor. We focus on Late Miocene deep‐water depositional systems contained within a c. 450 ms TWTT thick interval imaged in 3D seismic reflection data from the contractional salt‐tectonic domain, offshore Angola. Advanced seismic attribute mapping, tied to seismic facies analysis and time‐thickness variations, reveal a wide range of interactions between structurally induced changes in slope relief, deep‐water sediment routing, geomorphology and sedimentology. Five seismic units record a striking tectono‐stratigraphic within eight minibasins. We observe gradual channel diversion through lateral migration during times of relatively high structural growth rate, as opposed to abrupt channel movement via avulsion nodes during times of relatively high sediment accumulation rate. Our models capture the response of deep‐water depositional systems to the initiation, maturation, and decay of contractional structures on salt‐influenced slopes. The initiation stage is defined by small, segmented folds with deep‐water depositional system being largely able to transverse multiple minibasins. In contrast, the maturity stage is characterised by large, now‐linked high‐relief structures bounding prominent minibasins leading to ponding and large‐scale diversion of channel‐lobe systems and the emplacement of MTCs derived from nearby highs. The decay stage is expressed by structures that are shorter and more subdued than those characterising the maturity stage; this leads to a more complicated array of channel‐lobe system, the evolution of which is still influenced by bypass, diversion and ponding. During the decay stage, remnant structures still exert a subtle but key control on the development and positioning of avulsion nodes.