bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NMDA receptors promote hippocampal sharp‐wave ripples and the associated coactivity of CA1 pyramidal cells
Authors: Howe Timothy , Blockeel Anthony J. , Taylor Hannah , Jones Matthew W. , Bazhenov Maxim , Malerba Paola 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHippocampal sharp‐wave ripples (SWRs) support the reactivation of memory representations, relaying information to neocortex during “offline” and sleep‐dependent memory consolidation. While blockade of NMDA receptors (NMDAR) is known to affect both learning and subsequent consolidation, the specific contributions of NMDAR activation to SWR‐associated activity remain unclear. Here, we combine biophysical modeling with in vivo local field potential (LFP) and unit recording to quantify changes in SWR dynamics following inactivation of NMDAR. In a biophysical model of CA3‐CA1 SWR activity, we find that NMDAR removal leads to reduced SWR density, but spares SWR properties such as duration, cell recruitment and ripple frequency. These predictions are confirmed by experiments in which NMDAR‐mediated transmission in rats was inhibited using three different NMDAR antagonists, while recording dorsal CA1 LFP. In the model, loss of NMDAR‐mediated conductances also induced a reduction in the proportion of cell pairs that co‐activate significantly above chance across multiple events. Again, this prediction is corroborated by dorsal CA1 single‐unit recordings, where the NMDAR blocker ketamine disrupted correlated spiking during SWR. Our results are consistent with a framework in which NMDA receptors both promote activation of SWR events and organize SWR‐associated spiking content. This suggests that, while SWR are short‐lived events emerging in fast excitatory‐inhibitory networks, slower network components including NMDAR‐mediated currents contribute to ripple density and promote consistency in the spiking content across ripples, underpinning mechanisms for fine‐tuning of memory consolidation processes.
Patients with colorectal cancer and brain metastasis: The relevance of extracranial metastatic patterns predicting time intervals to first occurrence of intracranial metastasis and survival
Authors: Thurmaier Johannes , Heinemann Volker , Engel Jutta , Schubert‐Fritschle Gabriele , Wiedemann Max , Nüssler Natascha C. , Ruppert Reinhard , Kleeff Jörg , Schepp Wolfgang , Löhe Florian , Karthaus Meinolf , Neumann Jens , Kumbrink Jörg , Taverna Francesco , Stahler Arndt , Heinrich Kathrin , Westphalen Christoph Benedikt , Holch Julian W. , Kirchner Thomas , Michl Marlies 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the predictive impact of extracranial metastatic patterns on course of disease and survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and brain metastasis (BM). A total of 228 patients (134 male [59%], 94 female [41%]) with histologically proven CRC and BM were classified into different groups according to extracranial metastatic patterns. Time intervals to metastatic events and survival times from initial CRC diagnosis, extracranial and intracranial metastasis were analyzed. Extracranial organs mostly affected were liver (102 of 228 [44.7%]) and lung (96 of 228 [42.1%]). Liver and lung metastases were detected in 31 patients (13.6%). Calculated over the entire course of disease, patients with lung metastasis showed longer overall survival (OS) than patients with liver metastasis or patients without lung metastasis (43.9 vs 34.6 [P = .002] vs 35.0 months [P = .002]). From the date of initial CRC diagnosis, lung metastasis occurred later in CRC history than liver metastasis (24.3 vs 7.5 months). Once lung metastasis was diagnosed, BM occurred faster than in patients with liver metastasis (15.8 vs 26.0 months; Δ 10.2 months). Accordingly, OS from the diagnosis of liver metastasis was longer than from lung metastasis (27.1 vs 19.6 months [P = .08]). Once BM was present, patients with lung metastasis lived longer than patients with liver metastasis (3.8 vs 1.1 months [P = .028]). Shortest survival times in all survival categories analyzed revealed patients with concurrent liver and lung metastasis. Patients with CRC and BM form a heterogeneous cohort where extracranial metastasis to liver or lungs predicts survival.
Developmental neurotoxicity and toxic mechanisms induced by olaquindox in zebrafish
Authors: Guo Sheng‐Ya , Zhang Yong , Zhu Xiao‐Yu , Zhou Jia‐Li , Li Jiao , Li Chun‐Qi , Wu Li‐Ren 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOlaquindox (OLA) has been widely used as an animal feed additive in China for decades; however, its toxicity and toxic mechanisms have not been well investigated. In this study, the developmental neurotoxicity and toxic mechanisms of OLA were evaluated in zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of OLA (25–1,000 mg/L) from 6 to 120 hours post fertilization (hpf). OLA exposure resulted in many abnormal phenotypes in zebrafish, including shortened body length, notochord degeneration, spinal curvature, brain apoptosis, damage of axon and peripheral motor neuron, and hepatotoxicity. Interestingly, OLA increased zebrafish spontaneous tail coiling, while reduced locomotor capacity. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR) showed that the expression levels of nine marker genes for nervous system functions or development, namely, α1‐tubulin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap), myelin basic protein (mbp), synapsinII a (syn2a), sonic hedgehog a (shha), encoding HuC (elavl3), mesencephalic astrocyte‐derived neurotrophic factor (manf) growth associated protein 43 (gap43), and acetylcholinesterase (ache) were all down‐regulated significantly in zebrafish after treated with OLA. Besides, the anti‐apoptotic and pro‐apoptotic genes bcl‐2/bax ratio was reduced. These results show that OLA exposure could cause severe developmental neurotoxicity in the early stages of zebrafish life and OLA might induce neurotoxicity by inhibiting the expression of neuro‐developmental genes and promoting apoptosis.
No evidence of selection against anomalous scute arrangements between juvenile and adult sea turtles in Florida
Authors: Bentley Blair P. , McGlashan Jessica K. , Bresette Michael J. , Wyneken Jeanette 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVariations in the number and arrangement of scutes often are used for species identification in hard‐shelled sea turtles. Despite the conserved nature of scute arrangements, anomalous arrangements have been noted in the literature for over a century, with anomalies linked to sub‐optimal environmental conditions in the nest during development. Long‐held assumptions suggest that anomalous scute arrangements are indicative of underlying physiological or morphological anomalies, with presumed long‐term survival costs to the individual. Here, we examined a 25‐year photo database of two species of sea turtle (Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas) captured incidentally and non‐selectively on the eastern coast of Florida. Our results suggest that C. mydas is substantially more variable with respect to the arrangement of carapacial scutes, while C. caretta had a relatively higher proportion of individuals with anomalous plastron scute arrangements. We also show evidence that (a) the forms and patterns of anomalous scutes are stable throughout growth; (b) there is limited evidence for selection against non‐modal arrangements in the size classes that were examined; and (c) that their frequency has remained stable in juvenile cohorts from 1994 until present. These findings indicate that there may not be a survival cost associated with anomalous scute arrangements once the turtles reach juvenile size classes, and that variation in scute arrangements within populations is relatively common.
Is There an Advantage in Enriching Parenteral Lipid Emulsions Containing Fatty Acids From Fish Oil With Medium‐Chain Triglycerides? A Study on Body Pool Concentrations of ω‐3 Fatty Acids in Lewis Rats
Authors: Tesser Alweyd , Torrinhas Raquel S. M. M. , Garla Priscila C. , Oliveira‐Filho Ronaldo S. , Aprobato Felipe G. G. , Tamanaha Erika M. , Antunes Marcia S. , Sampaio Geni R. , Torres Elizabeth , Calder Philip C. , Linetzky Waitzberg Dan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe addition of medium‐chain triglycerides (MCTs) into parenteral lipid emulsions rich in fatty acids from fish oil (FOLEs) has been shown to improve their clearance and extrahepatic uptake. We assessed whether this effect could favor the leukocyte uptake of ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for immunomodulatory purposesMethodsFollowing 5‐day adaptation in metabolic cages, 42 male Lewis rats fed with AIN‐93M chow were killed (baseline control group [BC]) or submitted to central venous catheterization and distributed into (1) surgical control group without parenteral infusion (chow group), (2) test emulsion (MCT/LCT/FO) group with the parenteral infusion of a FOLE containing 40% MCT, and (3) control emulsion group (LCT/FO) with the parenteral infusion of an FOLE without MCT. The 2 FOLEs had similar ω‐3 PUFA contents and ω‐6/ω‐3 PUFA ratios and were infused during 48 and 72 hours. Concentrations of ω‐3 and ω‐6 PUFAs in plasma, liver, and blood mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were assessed by gas chromatographyResultsIn both FOLE groups, leukocyte concentrations of ω‐3 PUFAs peaked after 48 hours’ infusion (vs BC). At this time point, plasma concentrations of ω‐3 PUFAs were higher in MCT/LCT/FO group than in LCT/FO group and the opposite was found in the liver (P<.05), but no differences in PUFA concentrations were observed between these groups in leukocytes (P>.05)ConclusionThe ω‐3 PUFAs provided by FOLEs rich in MCT were less incorporated by liver and remained more available for extrahepatic cell delivery, but this did not result in a clear benefit in increasing their incorporation by peripheral leukocytes.
Opioid related medication incidents in Western Australia public hospitals: types, causes and level of harm
Authors: Fitzsimons Kerry , Ferguson Chantal , Jovanovska Tatjana , Koay Audrey , Davies Christina R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMedication incidents in hospitals are common and occur at all phases of the medication management cycle. Clinical incidents for high‐risk medications such as opioids have the potential to cause significant harm, yet opioid incidents are an under researched area of health service safety and quality.AimThe aim of this study was to identify opioid medication safety incident types, occurrence in the medication management cycle, causative factors and level of patient harm to inform clinical care.MethodA multi‐methods analysis of all reported opioid‐related medication incidents, in all 93 Western Australian (WA) public hospitals, between 1 July 2017 and 30 June 2018 was conducted.ResultsOpioid medications as a class were implicated in 11.0% (857) of all medication‐related clinical incidents reported in 2017–18, with tapentadol, a relatively new opioid, the most reported (131; 15.3%). No reported incidents resulted in death, however, 0.5% (4) caused severe harm and 3.5% (30) caused moderate harm. The majority of incidents occurred during the administration phase of the medication management cycle (630; 73.5%). ‘Incorrect dose’ (146; 17%) followed by ‘omission of dose’ (116; 13.5%) were the most frequent incident types reported. ‘Not checking properly’ (554; 64.6%) followed by ‘not following procedures’ (167; 19.5%) were the most frequent causative factors.ConclusionVigilance in identifying, reporting and reviewing opioid medication safety incidents and causative factors are imperative to mitigating errors and preventing patient harm. Study findings should be used to develop targeted strategies to reduce opioid incidents in public hospitals.
Evolution of hyphenated techniques for mineral oil analysis in food
Authors: Sdrigotti Nicola , Collard Maurine , Purcaro Giorgia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe occurrence of mineral oil in food is known since the early 1990s, and it was discovered by chance in one of the first applications using the hyphenated LC–GC system. Since then, the relationship between hyphenated techniques and mineral oil analysis has been tightly interrelated and successful. This review aims to show and explain how this mutual interaction has driven the development of the hyphenated techniques on one side and has supported the increase of knowledge on the other, supporting the complex task of mineral oil determination in food. The paper presents the background of the mineral oil problem in food (a brief history of its finding, toxicology, and occurrence), moving then toward the analytical determination. The development of different hyphenated techniques in relation to mineral oil determination is discussed, focusing mainly on 2D techniques, such as LC–GC. The necessity of additional dimensions, such as LC–LC–GC and comprehensive approaches, such as GC × GC and LC × GC, is also discussed. Finally, the role of the hyphenation with MS is presented.
Association Between Human Papilloma Virus Infection and Malignant Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma
Authors: Ding Ronghua , Sun Qiaorong , Wang Yong 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the risk of malignant sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) according to the type of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection.MethodsThe databases of PubMed, EmBase, and Web of Science were searched for studies that reported the risk of malignant SNIP in patients infected by specific types of HPV. The quantitative analyses for pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsTwenty‐six molecular epidemiological studies that recruited a total of 900 patients with SNIP were selected for the final meta‐analysis. The summary ORs indicated that HPV‐6 (OR: 2.02; 95% CI: 0.47–8.61; P = .343), HPV‐11 (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.26–2.89; P = .806), and HPV‐6/11 (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 0.59–3.53; P = .426) infections were not associated with the risk of malignant SNIP. However, the risk of malignant SNIP was increased in patients infected with HPV‐16 (OR: 8.51; 95% CI: 3.36–21.59; P < .001), HPV‐11/16 (OR: 7.95; 95% CI: 1.13–56.01; P = .038), HPV‐18 (OR: 23.26; 95% CI: 5.27–102.73; P < .001), and HPV‐16/18 (OR: 24.34; 95% CI: 5.74–103.18; P < .001).ConclusionsThis study found that patients infected with HPV types 16, 11/16, 18, and 16/18 were associated with an increased risk of malignant SNIP. However, patients infected with HPV types 6, 11, and 6/11 did not have a significant risk of malignant SNIP. Laryngoscope, 131:1200–1205, 2021
Genetic Testing Leading to Early Identification of Childhood Ocular Manifestations of Usher Syndrome
Authors: Brodie Kara D. , Moore Anthony T. , Slavotinek Anne M. , Meyer Anna K. , Nadaraja Garani S. , Conrad David E. , Weinstein Jacqueline E. , Chan Dylan K. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesHearing‐loss gene panel testing (HLGPT) is increasingly accessible as a first‐line test in determining the etiology of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children. A major advantage of HLGPT is early identification of syndromic forms of SNHL, especially Usher syndrome, prior to the development of overt syndromic phenotype, which may impact management and counseling. Here, we describe early ocular findings in children with clinically non‐syndromic SNHL identified by HLGPT as having two variants associated with Usher Syndrome.MethodsA total of 184 children, ages 1 month ‐ 15 years of age, evaluated at one tertiary pediatric children's hospital for clinically non‐syndromic SNHL, underwent next‐generation sequencing of 150 genes involved in hearing loss. Children with two variants in genes associated with Usher syndrome were referred for evaluation by pediatric ophthalmology.ResultsA total of 18/184 tested children had two variants in Usher syndrome‐associated genes, including MYO7A, GPR98 (ADGRV1), USH2A, and PDZD7. SNHL varied from moderate to profound. 29% of the children who underwent clinical ophthalmology evaluation were found to have previously unidentified retinal abnormalities on retinal imaging or electroretinography consistent with inherited retinal degeneration.ConclusionAmong this ethnically and racially diverse pediatric population with apparently non‐syndromic SNHL, HLGPT yielded a high proportion (10%) of children with two variants in genes associated with Usher syndrome. Early genetic testing allows early identification of variants conferring a diagnosis of Usher syndrome at a stage prior to visual symptoms. This allows for more informed genetic counseling, reproductive planning, and sensory deficit interventions.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2053–E2059, 2021
Highly Conductive, Stretchable, Adhesive, and Self‐Healing Polymer Hydrogels for Strain and Pressure Sensor
Authors: Yang Chunying , Yin Jialin , Chen Zhuo , Du Haishun , Tian Minghua , Zhang Miaomiao , Zheng Jinxin , Ding Lan , Zhang Pengfei , Zhang Xinyu , Deng Kuilin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRetractable, self‐healing, and conductive hydrogels are widely used as adjustable and wearable sensing materials. Herein, using polyfunctional trypan blue (TB) as a crosslinking agent for both poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and polypyrrole (PPy), a retractable and self‐healing PAA‐TB‐PPy hydrogel is prepared. The introduction of TB not only improves the water retention capacity of the hydrogel but also helps form a highly interconnected conductive path. It is found that PAA‐TB‐PPy hydrogel shows a high electrical conductivity (15 S m−1) which is almost equivalent to the pure PPy hydrogel. Due to the high stability of the semi‐interpenetrating network structure, the elongation at break of PAA‐TB‐PPy hydrogel is more than 750%, along with high mechanical strength and strong adhesion to a variety of solid surfaces. In addition, the hydrogel exhibits high strain and pressure sensitivity with prominent linearity. Importantly, the as‐prepared hydrogel sensor can reliably detect both repetitive large strain and subtle vibration, which makes it a great candidate as wearable electronics for human motion monitoring.
Using a Multiscale Modeling Approach to Correlate Reaction Conditions with Polymer Microstructure and Rheology
Authors: Zentel Kristina M. , Degenkolb Jonas , Busch Markus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReaction conditions have a huge impact on the resulting polymer properties, but capturing this requires understanding the correlation of the underlying kinetics, the polymer architecture, and polymer flow behavior. Long‐chain branched polymers created randomly by free‐radical polymerization, such as low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), show complex rheological behavior and are thus interesting in this context. A study applying a multiscale modeling approach is used to simulate varying reaction conditions and predict the structure of the resulting LDPE polymer and its flow properties. A significant effect on the molecular weight distribution, but also the viscosity and extensional flow behavior can be predicted. Higher conversions, for example, lead to broader molecular weight distributions, increased long‐chain branching degrees, and a higher branching complexity. Consequently, also higher viscosities and increased strain hardening are observed in extension. Additionally, miniplant experiments are performed to resemble the simulations and compare the results. The accordance of predictions and analytical results are very good and validate the model over a wide range of reaction conditions.
Metabolites of 2‐ and 3‐Monochloropropanediol (2‐ and 3‐MCPD) in Humans: Urinary Excretion of 2‐Chlorohydracrylic Acid and 3‐Chlorolactic Acid after Controlled Exposure to a Single High Dose of Fatty Acid Esters of 2‐ and 3‐MCPD
Authors: Bergau Nick , Zhao Zhiyong , Abraham Klaus , Monien Bernhard H. 
Published: October 2020

ScopeFatty acid esters of 2‐monochloropropane‐1,3‐diol (2‐MCPD) and 3‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐MCPD) are formed during the deodorization of vegetable oils. After lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis in the intestine, 2‐ and 3‐MCPD are absorbed, but their ensuing human metabolism is unknown.Methods and resultsThe compounds 2‐chlorohydracrylic acid (2‐ClHA) and 3‐chlorolactic acid (3‐ClLA) resulting from oxidative metabolism of 2‐MCPD and 3‐MCPD, respectively, are identified and quantified in human urine samples. An exposure study with 12 adults is conducted to determine the urinary excretion of 2‐ClHA and 3‐ClLA. The participants eat 12 g of hazelnut oil containing 24.2 mg kg−1 2‐MCPD and 54.5 mg kg−1 3‐MCPD in the form of fatty acid esters. Average daily amounts of “background” excretion before the exposure are 69 nmol 2‐ClHA and 3.0 nmol 3‐ClLA. The additional mean excretion due to the uptake of the hazelnut oil amounts to 893 nmol 2‐ClHA (34.0% of the 2‐MCPD dose) and 16.4 nmol 3‐ClLA (0.28% of the 3‐MPCD dose).ConclusionsThe products of oxidative metabolism of 2‐ and 3‐MCPD, 2‐ClHA, and 3‐ClLA, are described for the first time in humans. Due to the lack of specificity, the metabolites may not be used as exposure biomarkers to low doses of bound 2‐ and 3‐MCPD, respectively.
A single‐layer filtering patch antenna array with simple differential feeding network
Authors: Nie Na , Tu Zhi‐Hong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a single‐layer filtering patch antenna array with simple differential feeding network. It is composed of a simple microstrip‐slot‐microstrip differential feeding network, four patch elements, two open‐ended lines and two U‐slots. Two gain nulls in the lower band and the upper band can be generated by introducing open‐ended microstrip lines and U‐shaped slots, respectively. Therefore, the selectivity of the gain curve is significantly improved. The proposed antenna array has an optimized dimension of 80 × 80 × 0.8 mm3 and a peak gain of 11.2 dBi. The measured impedance bandwidth (|Sdd11| < −10 dB) is 4.7% ranging from 5.01 GHz to 5.25 GHz. Additionally, the proposed antenna array also achieves common‐mode suppression in the whole band.
A compact LTCC semi‐lumped highpass filter with vialess structure
Authors: Qian Kewei , Tian Miao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA new type of semi‐lumped highpass filter (HPF) based on multilayer technology is presented in this letter. Capacitive coupled stripline stubs are utilized as semi‐lumped resonators in the structure without using any means. Hence, undesired parasitic effect in the multilayer interconnections is minimized while high quality factor and stopband rejection are realized simultaneously. In this research, a HPF works from 5.15 to 5.95 GHz has been designed and fabricated on a low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) substrate. The proposed topology has been validated through a series of tests. By virtue of the LTCC multilayer technology, the proposed HPF is compact, occupying only a volume of 2.5 mm × 2.0 mm × 1.0 mm.
Theoretical investigation of aromaticity and charge transfer in emission process of triarylmethyl radicals as OLED materials
Authors: Sang Shenglong , Chen Fei , Zhang Cong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFour different kinds of triarylmethyl radicals (TAMs)— tris(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methyl radical (TTM), perchlorotriphenyl methyl radical (PTM), (3,5‐dichloro‐4‐pyridyl)bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methyl radical (PyBTM), and (N‐carbazolyl)bis(2,4,6‐tirchlorophenyl)methyl radical (CzBTM)—are investigated theoretically with regard to their structures and electron transition behaviors. Linear correlation has been found between the spin density of α‐C and the averaged cosine of the torsion angle, with the correlation coefficient satisfied by R2 = .96 by applying the Becke method. The emission energies predicted by PCM‐UBMK/6‐311++G(d,p)//PCM‐UM06‐2X/6‐31+G(d,p) are reliable for TAMs. Interfragment charge transfer (IFCT) analysis reveals the charge transfer behavior during the excitation. The aromaticity of TAMs is evaluated by NICS(1)zz for the first time. Combined with the IFCT analysis results, the NICS(1)zz values of the acceptor on the ground states are found to be highly correlated with the emission wavelength, and R2 is .98 at the PCM‐UB3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p) level, which can be used for emission spectra prediction and molecular design.