bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The historical and current research progress on jujube–a superfruit for the future
Authors: Liu Mengjun , Wang Jiurui , Wang Lili , Liu Ping , Zhao Jin , Zhao Zhihui , Yao Shengrui , Stănică Florin , Liu Zhiguo , Wang Lixin , Ao Changwei , Dai Li , Li Xiansong , Zhao Xuan , Jia Chunxiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractJujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), or Chinese date, is the most important species of Rhamnaceae, a large cosmopolitan family, and is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in the world. It originates from the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the ‘mother river’ of the Chinese people. It is distributed in at least 48 countries on all continents except Antarctica and is becoming increasingly important, especially in arid and semiarid marginal lands. Based on a systematic analysis of the unique characteristics of jujube, we suggest that it deserves to be recognized as a superfruit. We summarized historical research achievements from the past 3000 years and reviewed recent research advances since 1949 in seven fields, including genome sequencing and application, germplasm resources and systematic taxonomy, breeding and genetics, cultivation theory and techniques, pest control, postharvest physiology and techniques, and nutrition and processing. Based on the challenges facing the jujube industry, we discuss eight research aspects to be focused on in the future.
Molecular memory of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma in recovering grapevines
Authors: Pagliarani Chiara , Gambino Giorgio , Ferrandino Alessandra , Chitarra Walter , Vrhovsek Urska , Cantu Dario , Palmano Sabrina , Marzachì Cristina , Schubert Andrea 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFlavescence dorée(FD) is a destructive phytoplasma disease of European grapevines. Spontaneous and cultivar-dependent recovery (REC) may occur in the field in FD-infected vines starting the year following the first symptoms. However, the biological underpinnings of this process are still largely unexplored. In this study, transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq), whole-genome bisulphite sequencing (WGBS) and metabolite analysis were combined to dissect molecular and metabolic changes associated to FD and REC in leaf veins collected in the field from healthy (H), FD and REC plants of the highly susceptibleVitis vinifera‘Barbera’. Genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and stress responses were overexpressed in FD conditions, whereas transcripts linked to hormone and stilbene metabolisms were upregulated in REC vines. Accumulation patterns of abscisic acid and stilbenoid compounds analysed in the same samples confirmed the RNAseq data. In recovery conditions, we also observed the persistence of some FD-induced expression changes concerning inhibition of photosynthetic processes and stress responses. Several differentially expressed genes tied to those pathways also underwent post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs, as outlined by merging our transcriptomic data set with a previously conducted smallRNAseq analysis. Investigations by WGBS analysis also revealed different DNA methylation marks between REC and H leaves, occurring within the promoters of genes tied to photosynthesis and secondary metabolism. The results allowed us to advance the existence of a “molecular memory” of FDp infection, involving alterations in the DNA methylation status of REC plants potentially related to transcriptional reprogramming events, in turn triggering changes in hormonal and secondary metabolite profiles.
A high-quality sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) genome
Authors: Wu Haibin , Zhao Gangjun , Gong Hao , Li Junxing , Luo Caixia , He Xiaoli , Luo Shaobo , Zheng Xiaoming , Liu Xiaoxi , Guo Jinju , Chen Junqiu , Luo Jianning 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) is an important cultivated vegetable and medicinal plant in the family Cucurbitaceae. In this study, a draft genome sequence of the sponge gourd inbred line P93075 was analyzed. Using Illumina, PacBio, and 10× Genomics sequencing techniques as well as new assembly techniques such as FALCON and chromatin interaction mapping (Hi-C), a chromosome-scale genome of approximately 656.19 Mb, with an N50 scaffold length of 48.76 Mb, was generated. From this assembly, 25,508 protein-coding gene loci were identified, and 63.81% of the whole-genome consisted of transposable elements, which are major contributors to the expansion of the sponge gourd genome. According to a phylogenetic analysis of conserved genes, the sponge gourd lineage diverged from the bitter gourd lineage approximately 41.6 million years ago. Additionally, many genes that respond to biotic and abiotic stresses were found to be lineage specific or expanded in the sponge gourd genome, as demonstrated by the presence of 462NBS-LRRgenes, a much greater number than are found in the genomes of other cucurbit species; these results are consistent with the high stress resistance of sponge gourd. Collectively, our study provides insights into genome evolution and serves as a valuable reference for the genetic improvement of sponge gourd.
CmBES1 is a regulator of boundary formation in chrysanthemum ray florets
Authors: Cheng Peilei , Liu Yanan , Yang Yiman , Chen Hong , Cheng Hua , Hu Qian , Zhang Zixin , Gao Jiaojiao , Zhang Jiaxin , Ding Lian , Fang Weimin , Chen Sumei , Chen Fadi , Jiang Jiafu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is an ideal model species for studying petal morphogenesis because of the diversity in the flower form across varieties; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying petal development are poorly understood. Here, we show that the brassinosteroid transcription factor BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (CmBES1) in chrysanthemum (C. morifolium cv. Jinba) is important for organ boundary formation because it represses organ boundary identity genes. Chrysanthemum plants overexpressing CmBES1 displayed increased fusion of the outermost ray florets due to the loss of differentiation of the two dorsal petals, which developed simultaneously with the ventral petals. RNA-seq analysis of the overexpression lines revealed potential genes and pathways involved in petal development, such as CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC2), CYCLOIDEA 4 (CYC4), genes encoding MADS-box transcription factors and homeodomain-leucine zippers (HD-Zips) and auxin pathway-related genes. This study characterizes the role of CmBES1 in ray floret development by its modulation of flower development and boundary identity genes in chrysanthemum.
Genome sequencing and population genomics modeling provide insights into the local adaptation of weeping forsythia
Authors: Li Lin-Feng , Cushman Samuel A. , He Yan-Xia , Li Yong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic basis underlying the local adaptation of nonmodel species is a fundamental goal in evolutionary biology. In this study, we explored the genetic mechanisms of the local adaptation of Forsythia suspensa using genome sequence and population genomics data obtained from specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing. We assembled a high-quality reference genome of weeping forsythia (Scaffold N50 = 7.3 Mb) using ultralong Nanopore reads. Then, genome-wide comparative analysis was performed for 15 natural populations of weeping forsythia across its current distribution range. Our results revealed that candidate genes associated with local adaptation are functionally correlated with solar radiation, temperature and water variables across heterogeneous environmental scenarios. In particular, solar radiation during the period of fruit development and seed drying after ripening, cold, and drought significantly contributed to the adaptive differentiation of F. suspensa. Natural selection exerted by environmental factors contributed substantially to the population genetic structure of F. suspensa. Our results supported the hypothesis that adaptive differentiation should be highly pronounced in the genes involved in signal crosstalk between different environmental variables. Our population genomics study of F. suspensa provides insights into the fundamental genetic mechanisms of the local adaptation of plant species to climatic gradients.
Kiwifruit Genome Database (KGD): a comprehensive resource for kiwifruit genomics
Authors: Yue Junyang , Liu Jiacheng , Tang Wei , Wu Ya Qing , Tang Xiaofeng , Li Wei , Yang Ying , Wang Lihuan , Huang Shengxiong , Fang Congbing , Zhao Kun , Fei Zhangjun , Liu Yongsheng , Zheng Yi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractKiwifruit (Actinidiaspp.) plants produce economically important fruits containing abundant, balanced phytonutrients with extraordinarily high vitamin C contents. Since the release of the first kiwifruit reference genome sequence in 2013, large volumes of genome and transcriptome data have been rapidly accumulated for a handful of kiwifruit species. To efficiently store, analyze, integrate, and disseminate these large-scale datasets to the research community, we constructed the Kiwifruit Genome Database (KGD;http://kiwifruitgenome.org/). The database currently contains all publicly available genome and gene sequences, gene annotations, biochemical pathways, transcriptome profiles derived from public RNA-Seq datasets, and comparative genomic analysis results such as syntenic blocks and homologous gene pairs between different kiwifruit genome assemblies. A set of user-friendly query interfaces, analysis tools and visualization modules have been implemented in KGD to facilitate translational and applied research in kiwifruit, which include JBrowse, a popular genome browser, and the NCBI BLAST sequence search tool. Other notable tools developed within KGD include a genome synteny viewer and tools for differential gene expression analysis as well as gene ontology (GO) term and pathway enrichment analysis.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of VvMLO3 results in enhanced resistance to powdery mildew in grapevine (Vitis vinifera)
Authors: Wan Dong-Yan , Guo Ye , Cheng Yuan , Hu Yang , Xiao Shunyuan , Wang Yuejin , Wen Ying-Qiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGrapevine (Vitis vinifera), one of the most economically important fruit crops in the world, suffers significant yield losses from powdery mildew, a major fungal disease caused byErysiphe necator. In addition to suppressing host immunity, phytopathogens modulate host proteins termed susceptibility (S) factors to promote their proliferation in plants. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated 9) technology was used to enable the targeted mutagenesis ofMLO(mildew resistance Locus O) family genes that are thought to serve asSfactors for powdery mildew fungi. Small deletions or insertions were induced in one or both alleles of two grapevineMLOgenes,VvMLO3andVvMLO4, in the transgenic plantlets of the powdery mildew-susceptible cultivar Thompson Seedless. The editing efficiency achieved with different CRISPR/Cas9 constructs varied from 0 to 38.5%. Among the 20VvMLO3/4-edited lines obtained, one was homozygous for a single mutation, three harbored biallelic mutations, seven were heterozygous for the mutations, and nine were chimeric, as indicated by the presence of more than two mutated alleles in each line. Six of the 20VvMLO3/4-edited grapevine lines showed normal growth, while the remaining lines exhibited senescence-like chlorosis and necrosis. Importantly, fourVvMLO3-edited lines showed enhanced resistance to powdery mildew, which was associated with host cell death, cell wall apposition (CWA) and H2O2accumulation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology can be successfully used to induce targeted mutations in genes of interest to improve traits of economic importance, such as disease resistance in grapevines.
A newborn screening pilot study using methylation-sensitive high resolution melting on dried blood spots to detect Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes
Authors: Ferreira Igor Ribeiro , Costa Régis Afonso , Gomes Leonardo Henrique Ferreira , dos Santos Cunha Wilton Darleans , Tyszler Latife Salomão , Freitas Silvia , Llerena Junior Juan Clinton , de Vasconcelos Zilton Farias Meira , Nicholls Robert D. , Guida Letícia da Cunha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrader-Willi (PWS) and Angelman (AS) syndromes are two clinically distinct imprinted disorders characterized by genetic abnormalities at 15q11-q13. Early diagnosis of both syndromes provides improved treatment and accurate genetic counseling. Whole blood (WB) is the most common DNA source of many methodologies to detect PWS and AS, however, the need of WB makes a massive screening difficult in newborns due to economic and technical limitations. The aim of this study was to adapt a Methylation-sensitive High-Resolution Melting (MS-HRM) approach from dried blood spot (DBS) samples, assessing the different DNA isolation techniques and diagnostic performance. Over a 1-year period, we collected 125 DBS cards, of which 45 had already been diagnosed by MS-HRM (20 PWS, 1 AS, and 24 healthy individuals). We tested three different DBS-DNA extraction techniques assessing the DNA concentration and quality, followed by MS-HRM and statistical comparison. Each DBS-DNA extraction method was capable of accuracy in detecting all PWS and AS individuals. However, the efficiency to detect healthy individuals varied according to methodology. In our experience, DNA extracted from DBS analyzed by the MS-HRM methodology provides an accurate approach for genetic screening of imprinting related disorders in newborns, offering several benefits compared to traditional whole blood methods.
Prospects for microwave plasma synthesized N-graphene in secondary electron emission mitigation applications
Authors: Bundaleska N. , Dias A. , Bundaleski N. , Felizardo E. , Henriques J. , Tsyganov D. , Abrashev M. , Valcheva E. , Kissovski J. , Ferraria A. M. , do Rego A. M. Botelho , Almeida A. , Zavašnik J. , Cvelbar U. , Teodoro O. M. N. D. , Strunskus Th. , Tatarova E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe ability to change the secondary electron emission properties of nitrogen-doped graphene (N-graphene) has been demonstrated. To this end, a novel microwave plasma-enabled scalable route for continuous and controllable fabrication of free-standing N-graphene sheets was developed. High-quality N-graphene with prescribed structural qualities was produced at a rate of 0.5 mg/min by tailoring the high energy density plasma environment. Up to 8% of nitrogen doping levels were achieved while keeping the oxygen content at residual amounts (~ 1%). The synthesis is accomplished via a single step, at atmospheric conditions, using ethanol/methane and ammonia/methylamine as carbon and nitrogen precursors. The type and level of doping is affected by the position where the N-precursor is injected in the plasma environment and by the type of precursors used. Importantly, N atoms incorporated predominantly in pyridinic/pyrrolic functional groups alter the performance of the collective electronic oscillations, i.e. plasmons, of graphene. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the synergistic effect between the electronic structure changes and the reduction of graphene π-plasmons caused by N doping, along with the peculiar “crumpled” morphology, leads to sub-unitary (< 1) secondary electron yields. N-graphene can be considered as a prospective low secondary electron emission and plasmonic material.
Characterization and reutilization potential of lipids in sludges from wastewater treatment processes
Authors: Liu Shuai , Luo Tao , Liu Guo-hua , Xu Xianglong , Shao Yuting , Qi Lu , Wang Hongchen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLipids in sewage sludge are considered to be high-class raw materials for biodiesel or other valuable products. We profiled the characteristics and assessed the reutilization potential of lipids from different sludge sources, including sludge from the primary sedimentation tank (PST sludge) and sludge from the secondary sedimentation tank in a conventional activated sludge system (CAS sludge), as well as sludge from ultrashort-sludge retention time (SRT) activated sludge systems with different SRTs (USAS sludge, with SRTs of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 d). The results showed that the lipids in the sludges were mainly composed of cellular lipids, free fatty acids (FFAs), wax and gum. The highest lipid content was found in the PST sludge (156.8 ± 11.9 mg/g, dry basis), followed by the USAS sludges (67.9 ± 11.0–132.2 ± 11.8 mg/g) and the CAS sludge (46.0 ± 16.5 mg/g). Lipid species such as Cer, So, PE, PC, and TG were abundant, comprising over 80% of the cellular lipids in the sludges. With higher lipid contents, the PST sludge and USAS sludge (0.5 d SRT) were suggested to have a higher reutilization potential for use in producing biodiesel. In addition, the CAS sludge was promising for resource reutilization and energy recovery due to the large amount of excess sludge.
Children's English Consonant Acquisition in the United States: A Review
Authors: Crowe Kathryn , McLeod Sharynne 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Speech-language pathologists' clinical decision making and consideration of eligibility for services rely on quality evidence, including information about consonant acquisition (developmental norms). The purpose of this review article is to describe the typical age and pattern of acquisition of English consonants by children in the United States.

Method
Data were identified from published journal articles and assessments reporting English consonant acquisition by typically developing children living in the United States. Sources were identified through searching 11 electronic databases, review articles, the Buros database, and contacting experts. Data describing studies, participants, methodology, and age of consonant acquisition were extracted.

Results
Fifteen studies (six articles and nine assessments) were included, reporting consonant acquisition of 18,907 children acquiring English in the United States. These cross-sectional studies primarily used single-word elicitation. Most consonants were acquired by 5;0 (years;months). The consonants /b, n, m, p, h, w, d/ were acquired by 2;0–2;11; /ɡ, k, f, t, ŋ, j/ were acquired by 3;0–3;11; /v, ʤ, s, ʧ, l, ʃ, z/ were acquired by 4;0–4;11; /ɹ, ð, ʒ/ were acquired by 5;0–5;11; and /θ/ was acquired by 6;0–6;11 (ordered by mean age of acquisition, 90% criterion). Variation was evident across studies resulting from different assessments, criteria, and cohorts of children.

Conclusions

These findings echo the cross-linguistic findings of
McLeod and Crowe (2018)
across 27 languages that children had acquired most consonants by 5;0. On average, all plosives, nasals, and glides were acquired by 3;11; all affricates were acquired by 4;11; all liquids were acquired by 5;11; and all fricatives were acquired by 6;11 (90% criterion). As speech-language pathologists apply this information to clinical decision making and eligibility decisions, synthesis of knowledge from multiple sources is recommended.
The Milky Way’s nuclear star cluster: Old, metal-rich, and cuspy
Authors: Schödel R. , Nogueras-Lara F. , Gallego-Cano E. , Shahzamanian B. , Gallego-Calvente A. T. , Gardini A. 
Published: August 2020

Context. The environment of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the central black hole of the Milky Way, is the only place in the Universe where we can currently study the interaction between a nuclear star cluster and a massive black hole and infer the properties of a nuclear cluster from observations of individual stars.
Aims. This work aims to explore the star formation history of the nuclear cluster and the structure of the innermost stellar cusp around Sgr A*.
Methods. We combined and analysed multi epoch high quality AO observations. For the region close to Sgr A* we apply the speckle holography technique to the AO data and obtain images that are ≥50% complete down to Ks ≈ 19 within a projected radius of 5″ around Sgr A*. We used H-band images to derive extinction maps.
Results. We provide Ks photometry for roughly 39 000 stars and H-band photometry for ∼11 000 stars within a field of about 40″ × 40″, centred on Sgr A*. In addition, we provide Ks photometry of ∼3000 stars in a very deep central field of 10″ × 10″, centred on Sgr A*. We find that the Ks luminosity function (KLF) is rather homogeneous within the studied field and does not show any significant changes as a function of distance from the central black hole on scales of a few 0.1 pc. By fitting theoretical luminosity functions to the KLF, we derive the star formation history of the nuclear star cluster. We find that about 80% of the original star formation took place 10 Gyr ago or longer, followed by a largely quiescent phase that lasted for more than 5 Gyr. We clearly detect the presence of intermediate-age stars of about 3 Gyr in age. This event makes up about 15% of the originally formed stellar mass of the cluster. A few percent of the stellar mass formed in the past few 100 Myr. Our results appear to be inconsistent with a quasi-continuous star formation history. The mean metallicity of the stars is consistent with being slightly super solar. The stellar density increases exponentially towards Sgr A* at all magnitudes between Ks = 15−19. We also show that the precise properties of the stellar cusp around Sgr A* are hard to determine because the star formation history suggests that the star counts can be significantly contaminated, at all magnitudes, by stars that are too young to be dynamically relaxed. We find that the probability of observing any young (non-millisecond) pulsar in a tight orbit around Sgr A* and beamed towards Earth is very low. We argue that typical globular clusters, such as they are observed in and around the Milky Way today, have probably not contributed to the nuclear cluster’s mass in any significant way. The nuclear cluster may have formed following major merger events in the early history of the Milky Way.
„Zur Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie bei
Beschäftigten einer Universitätsfrauenklinik“ –
Auswertung einer systematischen Berufsgruppen-übergreifenden
Befragung
Authors: Jerg-Bretzke Lucia , Karremann Mona , Beschoner Petra , de Gregorio Nikolaus , Janni Wolfgang , Ebner Florian , Rottler Edit , Walter Steffen , de Gregorio Amelie 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge der zunehmenden Arbeitsverdichtung sowie Schichtdienstarbeit sind
Beschäftigte im Medizinsektor häufig einem Interrollenkonflikt
ausgesetzt. Gerade die Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie ist ein wichtiger
Faktor für nachhaltige Mitarbeiterzufriedenheit,
Leistungsfähigkeit und Gesundheit. Im Rahmen des
Qualitätsmanagements erfolgte im Sommer 2017 eine anonyme und
freiwillige Befragung aller Beschäftigten der
Universitätsfrauenklinik Ulm. Dabei wurde ein standardisierter
Fragebogen zur Arbeitszufriedenheit sowie Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf
ausgegeben, indem u.a die Work-Family-Conflict (WFC) und Family-Work-Conflict
(FWC) Scale verwendet wurde. Die Rücklaufquote betrug 63%
(n=136). Als „Medizinisches Personal“ (n=115)
wurde der Zusammenschluss aus Arzt/Ärztin (n=33), Pflege
(n=53) und Hebammen (n=31) definiert. Zwischen
Beschäftigten mit (n=73) und ohne Kind (n=59) fand sich
kein signifikanter Unterscheid im WFC sowie FWC. Die Gruppe der
Pflegekräfte/Hebammen sowie Ärzte hatte einen
signifikant höheren Interrollenkonflikt (p<0,001) als die Gruppe
Verwaltung/Sonstige. Es zeigte sich sowohl für den WFC als auch
den FWC ein signifikanter negativer Zusammenhang mit dem Faktor
Arbeitszufriedenheit. Vor allem die Gruppe Pflege/Hebammen weist
hinsichtlich des Interrollenkonflikts eine signifikant höhere Belastung
als die Gruppe der Verwaltung auf. Der negative Zusammenhang von WFC/FWC
mit dem Faktor Arbeitszufriedenheit deutet auf einen hohen Handlungsbedarf hin.
Gerade vor dem Hintergrund des Pflege- und Hebammenmangels in Kliniken muss dies
effektiv und zeitnah geschehen.