bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic recrystallization analysis of reduction pretreatment process by multi-phase field method
Authors: Liu Hongqiang , Ning Zhen , Yu Wei , Cheng Zhicheng , Wang Xindong , Cai Qingwu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The reduction pretreatment (RP) process is an effective method to improve billet quality, and the deformation recrystallization plays an important role in the process. Exploring the RP process parameters, a dynamic recrystallization model of GCr15 steel was established by the phase-field method and physical simulation. The recrystallization kinetics and flow stress curves during hot compression were simulated by using this mode. The effects of deformation parameters and initial grain size on the dynamic recrystallization were investigated. Moreover, by using the results obtained by Finite element method (FEM), dynamic recrystallization during the RP process was investigated though this model. It was found that increasing the deformation temperature, deformation rate and decreasing the initial grain size can promote the dynamic recrystallization kinetics. Large Zener-Hollomon parameters can enhance recrystallized grain refinement, while the recrystallized grain size was not affected by the initial grain size. During the RP process, when the reduction is insufficient (10%), partial recrystallization occurs in the billet. With the increase of reduction from 10% to 16%, the area of complete recrystallization increases gradually. When the reduction is the same, the recrystallization in the billet center increases with the decrease of casting speed. When the reduction is 10%, partial recrystallization occurs in the billet center at a casting speed of 0.7 m min−1, and fully recrystallization occurs in the billet center with a casting speed of 0.5 m min−1. Thus, when the reduction is difficult to increase further, the recrystallization in the billet center can be improved by decreasing the casting speed.
Site-substitution effect on skyrmion phases of Cd2+-Cu2OSeO3 nanocrystallites
Authors: Babu S , Singh B K , Mishra S K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The past decade has seen a significant uptick in research interest to study the materials that can host magnetic skyrmion lattices. The curiosity of such materials is mainly driven by the technological applications of emergent skyrmion lattices that manifest a whirlpool-like spins arrangement. Insulating Cu2OSeO3 reported to host magnetic skyrmion lattices below 60 K and considered as a potential candidate for exploring this new phase of materials. Here in this article, we propose a new synthesis process to grow the Cd2+-substituted Cu2OSeO3 nanocrystallites with variable sizes ranging over 50–200 nm. The proposed method consists of only a single-step heat treatment of 12 h, which is cost-effectivethan the routine solid-state process that requires a rigorous 15–20 days of heat treatment. By employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and isothermal magnetization (M-T) measurements, we present a comparative investigation of the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of pristine and Cd2+-substituted Cu2OSeO3 nanocrystallites. As non-magnetic substitution can alter the fundamental magnetic interactions, therefore, Cd2+-Cu2OSeO3 nanocrystallites offer a new methodology to control the magnetic skyrmion phases and its stability.
High-temperature oxidation inducing strain for the 2205 duplex stainless steels
Authors: Lv Jinlong , Wang Zhuqing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The results from Raman spectra and XRD demonstrated that the surface oxides were mainly composed of iron oxides enriched with chromium and spinel type oxide for high temperature oxidized 2205 duplex stainless steels. The EBSD analysis indicated that the austenitic phase showed more excellent antioxidant ability than the ferritic one. The relative higher IQ value could improve high temperature antioxidant ability of the 2205 duplex stainless steel. The KAM maps showed a relative high value near the grain boundaries and near the interface. In addition, the high temperature oxidation inducing deformation could occur based EBSD analysis.
High-throughput design of magnetic materials
Authors: Zhang Hongbin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Materials design based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations is an emergent field of great potential to accelerate the development and employment of novel materials. Magnetic materials play an essential role in green energy applications as they provide efficient ways of harvesting, converting, and utilizing energy. In this review, after a brief introduction to the major functionalities of magnetic materials, we demonstrated how the fundamental properties can be tackled via high-throughput DFT calculations, with a particular focus on the current challenges and feasible solutions. Successful case studies are summarized on several classes of magnetic materials, followed by bird-view perspectives.
Printed resistors for flexible electronics—thermal variance mitigation and tolerance improvement via oxide-metal coatings
Authors: Middlemiss Ryan B , McGhee Jack R , Southee Darren J , Evans Peter S A , Wijayantha Upul K G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Manufactured resistors in conventional electronics are classified into tolerance groups ranging from <1% for high stability film types (E192) to 20% (E6) which are often carbon-based and utilised in less critical resistance value contexts such as current limiting or pull-up/down applications [IEC 60063:2015, Preferred number series for resistors and capacitors. One of the major identified challenges in the printed electronics industry currently is the ability to match this manufacturing capability for printed resistors in terms of initial tolerance, stability over time and power capabilities. In this work, a variety of screen-printed carbon resistors were designed and produced. The effects of utilising additional screen-printed ZnO and Ag layers as thermal variance management for the carbon resistors are investigated with the aim of improving the resistors power rating and stability. The introduction of ZnO or ZnO/Ag layers to carbon resistors saw notable improvements in the peak power capability, stability when sustaining 500 mW power dissipation, and stability in varying environmental conditions. Utilizing ZnO and Ag layers also notably improved the initial tolerance groupings when compared to basic uncoated carbon resistors.
The research on measurement and analysis method of gas turbine blade tip clearance based on empirical model
Authors: Zhao Shizhi , Cheng Lu , Fang Yu , Ai Song 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Blade tip clearance is one of the most important factors affecting the performance and safety of gas turbine. In recent decades, a variety of non-contact measurement methods of blade tip clearance have been developed and applied to aero engine and gas turbine test. However the research regarding the location and quantity of measurement sensors to ensure the most effective measurement, and how to fully analyze and utilize the test data is still rare. In this paper, a mathematical model of tip clearance has been developed. The model has been applied to study the required quantity and location of the sensors. Based on this model, an analysis method of the measured data is established, and the test data of a Dongfang Steam Turbine Co., Ltd. gas turbine is analyzed. The main factors that cause the non-uniform clearance are determined, and an optimization scheme is formed by this method. The results show that this model and method has great value for measurement scheme design, test data analysis and utilization.
The Vargas era and its legacy
Authors: Pereira Anthony W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
‘The Vargas era and its legacy’ recounts Brazil’s 1930 revolution, which led to the formation of a new kind of state in Brazil and a new set of state–citizen relations. The political figure who dominated the period after the revolution was Getúlio Vargas. After seizing power, Vargas served as president for fifteen years, first as a head of the provisional government, then as an indirectly elected president, and finally as a dictator. Removed from power in 1945, he returned in a new guise as a developmentalist president elected in 1950. The chapter explores how the various currents of the Vargas era came together to transform the Brazilian economy, polity, and society.
Introduction
Authors: Morgan Llewelyn 
Published: September 2020

Abstract'Introduction: P. Ovidius Naso' provides a background to the poetry of Publius Ovidius Naso, known as Ovid, describing the political circumstances of his life, a momentous shift from civil war to autocracy, and his own elevated social origins in the Italian elite. Ovid inherited a rich literary tradition and the conventions of genre and metre of Roman poetry. Contemporary poets such as Propertius, Horace, and Virgil, had a huge influence on Ovid, as did the earlier Greek poet Callimachus. There are many important themes in the story of Ovid’s life and poetry, his restless commitment to innovation, complex relationship with the emperor Augustus, and his irrepressible wit to be studied. In poetry and in life, Ovid courted controversy, which both brought him celebrity and contributed to the banishment from Rome that he suffered at the height of his popularity.
Letters of the heroines
Authors: Morgan Llewelyn 
Published: September 2020

Abstract'Letters of the heroines' eplores Ovid’s Epistulae Heroidum (Letters of the Heroines) or Heroides (Heroines), love letters sent by famous mythical women to their errant lovers. The Heroides is still love poetry, and the women are often reminiscent of the lover in the Amores, but the women and their lovers are in most cases figures from the heroic age, and this makes the collection an important link between the Amores and the Metamorphoses, Ovid’s most ambitious fusion of the erotic and the mythological. The epistolary form of these poems is vitally important, as is the influence of the rhetorical training that Ovid and his fellow Romans had undertaken, an experience that encouraged a taste for memorable turns of phrase. The debt to Hellenistic literature, Callimachus in particular, is especially clear when Ovid returns to the format, probably at the end of his career: the ‘Double Heroides’ are exchanges of letters between a male and female correspondent, and the dynamic of the form is interestingly transformed. The legacy of the Heroides is worth a mention, it is less consistently popular than Ovid’s other poetry, but was his most celebrated work in the 18th century, and an important model for female self-expression that carried with it the heft and authority of classical antiquity.
How do we know?
Authors: Craig Edward 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Scottish philosopher and historian David Hume argued that our evidence for a miracle happening could never outweigh the strength of the evidence that it had not. The evidence could be equal, but never greater. ‘How do we know? Hume’s Of Miracles’ sets out Hume’s objections to believing the eyewitness testimonies of others. Hume was asking a bigger question—what reasons there are for forming religious beliefs at all. He was aware that some extraordinary occurrences are possible because Nature does not always behave predictably, an argument which Hume pre-empted with the imaginary example of eight days of darkness, backed up by matching testimonies.
Some more high spots
Authors: Craig Edward 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
‘Some more high spots: a personal selection’ focuses in detail on recommended reading from Descartes, Hegel, Darwin, and Nietzsche. Descartes and Nietzsche were keen to debunk ‘truths’—Descartes trying to explore the scientific revolution without causing trouble with the Church, and Nietzsche questioning the morals of 19th-century Christianity. Darwin looked at ‘species’ rather than humanity, and his ‘survival of the fittest’ theory is often misinterpreted as ‘survival of the strongest’ rather than ‘best suited’ or ‘most appropriate’. Moral relativism is the view that moral judgements are only true or false in relation to their political, historical, or cultural context.
Prevalence of frailty in 62 countries across the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-level studies
Authors: O’Caoimh Rónán , Sezgin Duygu , O’Donovan Mark R , Molloy D William , Clegg Andrew , Rockwood Kenneth , Liew Aaron 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The prevalence of frailty at population level is unclear. We examined this in population-based studies, investigating sources of heterogeneity.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were searched for observational population-level studies published between 1 January 1998 and 1 April 2020, including individuals aged ≥50 years, identified using any frailty measure. Prevalence estimates were extracted independently, assessed for bias and analysed using a random-effects model.

Results
In total, 240 studies reporting 265 prevalence proportions from 62 countries and territories, representing 1,755,497 participants, were included. Pooled prevalence in studies using physical frailty measures was 12% (95% CI = 11–13%; n = 178), compared with 24% (95% CI = 22–26%; n = 71) for the deficit accumulation model (those using a frailty index, FI). For pre-frailty, this was 46% (95% CI = 45–48%; n = 147) and 49% (95% CI = 46–52%; n = 29), respectively. For physical frailty, the prevalence was higher among females, 15% (95% CI = 14–17%; n = 142), than males, 11% (95% CI = 10–12%; n = 144). For studies using a FI, the prevalence was also higher in females, 29% (95% CI = 24–35%; n = 34) versus 20% (95% CI = 16–24%; n = 34), for males. These values were similar for pre-frailty. Prevalence increased according to the minimum age at study inclusion. Analysing only data from nationally representative studies gave a frailty prevalence of 7% (95% CI = 5–9%; n = 46) for physical frailty and 24% (95% CI = 22–26%; n = 44) for FIs.

Conclusions
Population-level frailty prevalence varied by classification and sex. Data were heterogenous and limited, particularly from nationally representative studies making the interpretation of differences by geographic region challenging. Common methodological approaches to gathering data are required to improve the accuracy of population-level prevalence estimates.

Protocol registration
PROSPERO-CRD42018105431.
Genealogies of Black Modernities
Authors: Spires Derrick R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This essay introduces the major themes and concerns of “Genealogies of Black Modernity in the Long Nineteenth Century,” a special issue of American Literary History. How does modernity look when read through Black diasporic literary production in the long nineteenth century, broadly conceived? What new narratives can we create by reading this literature as participating in and producing transatlantic genealogies of literary modernity? How does reading Black literary modernity in the nineteenth century disrupt our understandings of modernity as a conceptual framework both for contemporary scholarship and as an object of nineteenth-century Black intellectual inquiry? This introductory essay defines Black modernities of the long nineteenth century as a set of related, sometimes connected, practices and questions focused on the nature of Black life and culture in an ever-shifting antiblack world. Writers from Phillis Wheatley to Pauline Hopkins—to offer one framing—were invested in chronicling and intervening in the newness of their moment, even as they worked to imagine new possibilities for the future.
Our task, then, was to deliberate over what something called modernity meant and means for and in African American literary history through the archive of Black writing and through the terms and forms these writers set forth.
Work Characteristics, Body Mass Index, and Risk of Obesity: The National Quality of Work Life Survey
Authors: Myers Stephanie , Govindarajulu Usha , Joseph Michael A , Landsbergis Paul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To examine work characteristics in relation to body mass index (BMI) and risk of obesity.

Methods
We analyzed data from 1150 participants working 20+ h week−1 from the 2014 National NIOSH Quality of Work Life Survey, based on a representative sample of US workers. We used multiple linear regression for BMI and multiple logistic regression for obesity to estimate associations with 19 different work characteristics plus one set of occupational categories controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, job physical exertion, and television watching.

Results
We found significant positive linear associations between BMI and night shift (versus day shift) schedule (B = 2.28, P = 0.008) and blue-collar (versus management/professional) work (B = 1.75, P = 0.008). Night shift schedule [odds ratio (OR) = 2.19, P = 0.029], sales/office work (OR = 1.55, P = 0.040), and blue-collar work (OR = 2.63, P = 0.006) were associated with increased risk of obesity versus ‘healthy weight’. No other statistically significant associations between work characteristics and BMI or obesity were observed.

Conclusions
Night shift schedule and blue-collar work were related to increased BMI and obesity risk in US workers in 2014. Identifying risk factors in blue-collar work and redesigning jobs to reduce those risk factors, and reducing night shift work, could play a role in reducing the prevalence of obesity in the USA.
Positive/negative ion-switching-based LC–MS/MS method for quantification of cytosine derivatives produced by the TET-family 5-methylcytosine dioxygenases
Authors: Dey Aninda Sundar , Ayon Navid J , Bhattacharya Chayan , Gutheil William G , Mukherji Mridul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Cytosine methylation at carbon-5 (5mC) in DNA plays crucial roles in epigenetic transcriptional regulation during metazoan development. The iron (II), 2-oxoglutarate-dependent Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET)-family dioxygenases initiate active demethylation of 5mC. TET2 oxidizes 5mC in nucleic acids into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine by iterative oxidation. Mutations in the TET2 gene are frequently detected in myeloid malignancies. Despite the established and emerging roles of TET oxygenases in health and diseases, in vitro characterization of these enzymes and their mutants is still in rudimentary stages. Here, we describe an improved positive/negative ion-switching-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method that can separate and quantify modified cytosine bases produced by TET-family 5-methylcytosine dioxygenases. This method will help in further elucidate the function of epigenetically important cytosine modifications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting ion-switching-based LC–MS/MS method to analyse cytosine variants produced in TET catalysed reactions.
The right anterior temporal lobe critically contributes to magnitude knowledge
Authors: Pflugshaupt Tobias , Bauer Daniel , Frey Julia , Vanbellingen Tim , Kaufmann Brigitte C , Bohlhalter Stephan , Nyffeler Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Cognitive estimation is a mental ability applied to solve numerical problems when precise facts are unknown, unavailable or impractical to calculate. It has been associated with several underlying cognitive components, most often with executive functions and semantic memory. Little is known about the neural correlates of cognitive estimation. To address this issue, the present cross-sectional study applied lesion-symptom mapping in a group of 55 patients with left hemineglect due to right-hemisphere stroke. Previous evidence suggests a high prevalence of cognitive estimation impairment in these patients, as they might show a general bias towards large magnitudes. Compared to 55 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, the patient group demonstrated impaired cognitive estimation. However, the expected large magnitude bias was not found. Lesion-symptom mapping related their general estimation impairment predominantly to brain damage in the right anterior temporal lobe. Also critically involved were the right uncinate fasciculus, the anterior commissure and the right inferior frontal gyrus. The main findings of this study emphasize the role of semantic memory in cognitive estimation, with reference to a growing body of neuroscientific literature postulating a transmodal hub for semantic cognition situated in the bilateral anterior temporal lobe. That such semantic hub function may also apply to numerical knowledge is not undisputed. We here propose a critical contribution of the right anterior temporal lobe to at least one aspect of number processing, i.e. the knowledge about real-world numerical magnitudes.
Have We Outlived the Concept of Commensalism for Staphylococcus aureus?
Authors: Proctor Richard A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The concept of commensalism was introduced 145 years ago. The origin of the term comes from the Latin and embodies the concept of dining together. With a much deeper understanding of organisms that live with humans, a reassessment of what represents a commensal seems in order. This viewpoint article examines whether or not Staphylococcus aureus should still be considered a commensal. As a leading cause of serious community and hospital infections, removing the label “commensal” from S. aureus may help us to focus upon how to approach this organism, as the host response to this nasal colonizer is closer to mutually assured destruction rather than a friendly meal together.
Does Cathaya argyrophylla, an ancient and threatened Pinaceae species endemic to China, show eco-physiological outliers to its Pinaceae relatives?
Authors: Fan Dayong , Wang Xiangping , Zhang Wangfeng , Zhang Xiangying , Zhang Shouren , Xie Zongqiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCathaya argyrophylla is an ancient and threatened Pinaceae species endemic to China, but its eco-physiological traits are rarely reported. We hypothesized that Cathaya showed eco-physiological outliers to its Pinaceae relatives, which lead to its current endangered status. Here we collected the photosynthetic capacity (Pn, maximum photosynthesis rate) and branchlet hydraulic safety (P50, the water potential at which a 50% loss in conductivity occurs) of Pinaceae species globally, including our measurements on Cathaya. We applied the phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate: (i) the phylogenetic signal of the two key traits across Pinaceae species, and (ii) the trait–climate relationships and the photosynthesis–cavitation resistance relationship across Pinaceae species. We applied the polygenetic quantile regression (PQR) method to assess whether Cathaya showed eco-physiological outliers to its Pinaceae relatives in terms of cavitation resistance and photosynthetic capacity. It was found that P50, and to a less extent, Pn, had a strong phylogenetic signal consistent with niche conservation among Pinaceae species. Hydraulic safety largely determined non-threatened Pinaceae species’ distribution across moisture gradients at the global scale. There was also an adaptive trade-off relationship between Pn and P50. Cathaya is a high cavitation resistant, low photosynthetic capacity species. It showed eco-physiological outliers to its Pinaceae relatives because it had lower P50 and Pn below the 10% quantile boundaries along moisture and/or temperature gradients; also, it was above the 90% quantile boundary of the Pn and P50 relationship across non-endangered Pinaceae species. The PQR output demonstrated that in the subtropical area of China characterized by abundant rainfall, Cathaya has extra high hydraulic safety, suggesting inefficiency of carbon economy associated with either competition or other life history strategies, which lead to its current endangered status.