bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deutsch als schwächere Sprache bei deutsch-polnisch bilingualen Kindern:Studie zur Negation- und Verbstellung
Authors: Sopata Aldona , Długosz Kamil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article examines the acquisition of German as the weaker language in the cases of German-Polish bilingual children. Focusing on negation and verb position, phenomena that have frequently been taken as diagnostic when distinguishing between the course of language development characteristic for first (L1) and second language acquisition (L2), we analyse experimental and productive data from six simultaneously bilingual children. Due to the constrained input, German is their weaker language. The results in Forced Choice and Grammaticality Judgements tasks are compared with the results of monolingual children. We show that in the area of negation the acquisition of German as the weaker language resembles L1, and in the area of inversion and verb final position the development of the weaker language is delayed. The striking difference between bilinguals’ results in the experimental vs. productive tasks points to specific processing mechanisms in bilingual language use. In narrative contexts of the production tasks the language of the performance is activated, while the other is inhibited, which leads to a target-like performance. Structural properties of the stronger language tend to be activated, however, in the experimental tasks involving the weaker language, resulting in non-target-like responses.
Schlüssel oder Peitsche? Schulgrammatik im Spagat
Authors: Felfe Marc 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this essay I understand school grammar as academic grammar for future teachers. It aims at linguistic awareness, not linguistic knowledge, which is an essential common ground with grammar lessons at school. It is about exciting insights into the structure of language.In the first section, the discourse on school grammar is examined. I will put a focus on the cultivated negative image of school grammar in history and then contrast it with practical expectations of use. Thereafter the essential linguistic foundations are outlined, which have been neglected in school grammar for far too long, being afraid of linguistic theory: valency and constituency. Afterwards, the area of tension between first and second language in terms of school grammar will be explored. Finally, I sketch school grammar as a basis for error correction and evaluation.
High-temperature and high-pressure NMR investigations of low viscous fluids confined in mesoporous systems
Authors: Ok Salim , Sheets Julie , Welch Susan A. , Cole David R. , Berman Marc , Rúa Armando , Greenbaum Steve , Srivastava Deepansh J. , Grandinetti Philip J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this contribution, the relaxation and diffusional behaviors of low viscous fluids, water and methanol confined into mesoporous silica and controlled size pore glass were investigated. The engineered porous systems are relevant to geologically important subsurface energy materials. The engineered porous proxies were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface analyzer, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and electron microscopy (EM) to determine surface area, pore-wall protonation and morphology of these materials, respectively. The confined behavior of the low viscous fluids was studied by varying pore diameter, fluid-to-solid ratio, temperature, and pressure, and then compared to bulk liquid state. Both relaxation and diffusion behaviors for the confined fluids showed increasing deviation from pure bulk fluids as the fluid-to-solid ratio was decreased, and surface-to-volume ratio (S/V) was varied. Variable pressure deuteron NMR relaxation of confined D2O and confined methanol, deuterated at the hydroxyl or methyl positions, were performed to exploit the sensitivity of the deuteron quadrupole moment to molecular rotation. The methanol results demonstrated greater pressure dependence than those for water only in bulk. The deviations from bulk liquid behavior arise from different reasons such as confinement and the interactions between confined fluid and the nano-pore wall. The results of the present report give insight into the behavior of low viscosity fluid in nano-confined geometries under different state conditions.
Properties of Glial Cell at the Neuromuscular Junction Are Incompatible with Synaptic Repair in theSOD1G37RALS Mouse Model
Authors: Martineau Éric , Arbour Danielle , Vallée Joanne , Robitaille Richard 
Published: August 2020

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting motoneurons (MNs) in a motor-unit (MU)-dependent manner. Glial dysfunction contributes to numerous aspects of the disease. At the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), early alterations in perisynaptic Schwann cell (PSC), glial cells at this synapse, may impact their ability to regulate NMJ stability and repair. Indeed, muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) regulate the repair phenotype of PSCs and are overactivated at disease-resistant NMJs [soleus muscle (SOL)] inSOD1G37Rmice. However, it remains unknown whether this is the case at disease-vulnerable NMJs and whether it translates into an impairment of PSC-dependent repair mechanisms. We used SOL and sternomastoid (STM) muscles fromSOD1G37Rmice and performed Ca2+-imaging to monitor PSC activity and used immunohistochemistry to analyze their repair and phagocytic properties. We show that PSC mAChR-dependent activity was transiently increased at disease-vulnerable NMJs (STM muscle). Furthermore, PSCs from both muscles extended disorganized processes from denervated NMJs and failed to initiate or guide nerve terminal sprouts at disease-vulnerable NMJs, a phenomenon essential for compensatory reinnervation. This was accompanied by a failure of numerous PSCs to upregulate galectin-3 (MAC-2), a marker of glial axonal debris phagocytosis, on NMJ denervation inSOD1mice. Finally, differences in these PSC-dependent NMJ repair mechanisms were MU type dependent, thus reflecting MU vulnerability in ALS. Together, these results reveal that neuron-glia communication is ubiquitously altered at the NMJ in ALS. This appears to prevent PSCs from adopting a repair phenotype, resulting in a maladapted response to denervation at the NMJ in ALS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding how the complex interplay between neurons and glial cells ultimately lead to the degeneration of motor neurons and loss of motor function is a fundamental question to comprehend amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). An early and persistent alteration of glial cell activity takes place at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the output of motor neurons, but its impact on NMJ repair remains unknown. Here, we reveal that glial cells at disease-vulnerable NMJs often fail to guide compensatory nerve terminal sprouts and to adopt a phagocytic phenotype on denervated NMJs inSOD1G37Rmice. These results show that glial cells at the NMJ elaborate an inappropriate response to NMJ degeneration in a manner that reflects motor-unit (MU) vulnerability and potentially impairs compensatory reinnervation.
Bank Specific Factors and Bank Performance: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Ariyibi Ebenezer Mayowa , Yunusa Lateef Adewale , Williams Tolulope Oyakhilome 
Published: August 2020

The impact of bank-specific factors on the performance of the deposit money banks in a country has been an area of inquiry for any bank-based financial system. The research investigates the impacts of bank-specific factors on bank performance in Nigeria within 2014-2018. This research use panel data from ten banks that had the best deposit in 2018. The panel data approach found a significant negative relationship between asset quality and return on asset and a significant positive relationship between loan-to-deposit ratio, capital adequacy, and return on asset. In this regard, strategic management should ensure chasing their functional intermediation role and ensure liquidity preference to meet its day-to-day obligations.JEL Classification: G21, G32, C33 How to Cite:Ariyibi, E. M., Yunusa, L. A., & Williams, T. O. (2020). Bank Specific Factors and Bank Performance: Evidence from Nigeria. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 9(2), 167-176. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v9i2.14658.
The Impact of Myths, Superstition and Harmful Cultural Beliefs against Albinism in Tanzania: A Human Rights Perspective
Authors: Ines Kajiru , Isaack Nyimbi 
Published: August 2020

It cannot be denied that myths and superstitions have endured through history and that people have been affected by them since the beginning of time. Superstitious beliefs and myths that result in the victimization of persons with albinism (PWA) are centuries old, are present in cultural attitudes and practised around the world. In Africa and in Tanzania in particular, PWAs have also been targeted because of harmful speculation and unfounded myths which place their lives at risk. As members of society PWA have human rights that need to be protected against any kind of violation, particularly against being killed, tortured and discriminated against. This article analyses various legal provisions that protect the rights of PWA as articulated in various UN covenants and conventions as well as regional treaties and national laws.
Secondary data are consulted to examine the extent of the erroneous beliefs which heavily fuel the persecution and killing of PWA. It is found that there are deep-seated myths, superstitions and harmful cultural beliefs the existence of which seems to pose a serious obstacle to the implementation of the law and the protection of the rights of PWA in Tanzania. The article recommends awareness-raising and education in general for Tanzanian society as an approach towards the protection of PWA.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO ASSESING THE LEVEL OF STRATEGIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN AN ORGANIZATION
Authors: V. Tretyak  , L. Obolentseva  , T. Burmaka  , S. Aleksandrova  , S. Perminova  
Published: August 2020

The article presents a methodological approach to assessing the level of strategic financial management in an organization based on the definition of the criteria for the overall economic efficiency of its activities. It has been found out that financial management in the overall organization management system plays a key role, since financial resources are the source of the formation of other types of resources: material, labor, investment, etc. and one of the main factors ensuring the competitiveness and financial stability of the organization.
The presented system of strategic financial management in an organization consists of a strategic financial analysis and a comprehensive assessment of the organization’s strategic financial position, strategic financial planning, development of strategic standards for the organization’s financial activities, strategic financial decisions, formation and implementation of a financial strategy, the system of strategic control and assessment of the level of strategic financial management.
A model for the formation of the financial strategy of an organization has been developed. The criteria for the effectiveness of strategic financial management have been defined. The criteria are divided into blocks depending on the influence of the factors of the internal and external financial environment of an organization.
It has been proposed to assess the level of strategic financial management in an organization as the sum of the criteria for its overall effectiveness. A technique for determining the average assessment of the level of strategic financial management by elements of the system and stages of the financial management process has been suggested. The suggested methodological approach to assessing the level of strategic financial management can be considered as the first step towards organizing a system for managing the activities of an economic entity as a whole. Its application will allow creating a database for analysis of the financial state of the organization, to improve the financial management system to justify effective management decisions.
Cultura e comunicação como direitos humanos: aproximações diante da nova onda neoliberal
Authors: Cabral Filho Adilson Vaz , Dantas Taveira Cabral Eula 
Published: August 2020

RESUMO Diante da nova onda neoliberal posta em marcha em todo mundo e, particularmente na América Latina, busca-se investigar a afirmação de políticas públicas que aproximem a Cultura e a Comunicação como direitos humanos. Com base nas pesquisas bibliográfica e documental, são abordadas propostas de formulação e implementação de políticas culturais e de comunicação no continente, proporcionando uma compreensão ampla e integrada em relação a segmentos sociais distintos, evidenciando possíveis articulações para a construção de políticas democráticas alternativas.
Palavras-chave: Direito Humano à Comunicação; Diversidade Cultural; Políticas de Comunicação.
The role of the sympathoadrenal system candidate gene (ADRB 1, ADRA2B) polymorphism in the antihypertensive efficiency of β-adrenoblocker in the indigenous Shor people
Authors: Mulerova T. A. , Morozova N. I. , Maksimov V. N. , Ogarkov M. Yu. 
Published: August 2020

Objective –is to study the dynamics of blood pressure (BP) in the indigenous population of the Shors in response to the antihypertensive therapy with a β-blocker (metoprolol succinate), taking into account the polymorphism of the candidate genes of the sympathetic adrenal system (ADRB1 and ADRA2B).Design and methods.The study of the indigenous population (the Shors) living in the areas of Mountain Shoria (Kemerovo region) was carried out. Using continuous sampling method, 901 people (18 years old and above) were examined. Measurement of blood pressure was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the Russian Society of Cardiology / the Russian Society of Hypertension (2010). The survey allowed identifying the number of respondents with arterial hypertension (AH) for further observation - 367 people (40.7%). The second screening was performed one year after the patients were included in the study. The criterion for putting the patient under prospective observation was regular intake of the medication prescribed (162 people). Antihypertensive therapy was prescribed by a cardiologist according to the recommendations of the Russian Society of Cardiology /the Russian Society of Hypertension (2010). It included taking a β1-selective medication, metoprolol succinate, from the group of β-adrenergic blockers in a dose of 100 mg per day. Gene polymorphism ADRB1 (c.145A> G, Ser49Gly, rs1801252) and ADRA2B (I/D, rs28365031) were tested using polymerase chain reaction.Results. The study of the indigenous population proves that there is an association between carrying the A allele in the homozygous state of the ADRB1 gene and achieving the target level of blood pressure (OR = 2.36) while taking a β-blocker (metoprolol succinate). In the Shor population ADRA2B gene polymorphism was not associated with the effective treatment of hypertension using this medication.Conclusion. An epidemiological study in Mountain Shoria has demonstrated an antihypertensive effect of metoprolol succinate in its dependence on the polymorphism of the candidate genes (ADRB1 and ADRA2B). They are coding the components of the sympathetic adrenal system which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Today there are no clinical algorithms for checking personalized sensibility to the β-blockers, and therefore further research in this area remains a topical subject.
Komunikasi Pemasaran Geopark Berbasis Masyarakat Melalui Bauran Facebook, Youtube dan Kanal TV
Authors: Rahardjo Aris 
Published: August 2020

Paper ini mengulas pengembangan komunikasi pemasaran pariwisata geopark berbasis masyarakat di desa Peniron Kecamatan Pejagoan Kabupaten Kebu-men. Desa Peniron yang menghadapi sejumlah keterbatasan berhasil mencapai tujuan pemasaran tahap demi tahap setelah mengembangkan komunikasi pema-saran melalui bauran media sosial Facebook, YouTube, dan media tradisional TV secara tanpa bayar. Bauran elemen komunikasi tersebut memberikan efek pada wisatawan untuk berwisata, sehingga desa pertanian tersebut berubah menjadi desa wisata yang memberi manfaat ekonomi baru bagi masyarakat lo-kal, konservasi alam, dan pembangunan berkelanjutan.
A microRNA Signature for Impaired Wound-Healing and Ectopic Bone Formation in Humans
Authors: de Vasconcellos Jaira F. , Jackson Wesley M. , Dimtchev Alexander , Nesti Leon J. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is characterized by the abnormal growth of ectopic bone in soft tissues, frequently occurring within the military population because of extensive orthopaedic combat trauma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. We hypothesized that a clinically relevant miRNA signature could be detected in patients following injury that progressed to form HO (HO+) or did not form HO (HO−).

Methods:
Tissue samples were obtained from injured servicemembers during their initial surgical debridements, and miRNA profiling was performed using a real-time miRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array. Primary mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) were harvested from debrided traumatized human muscle tissue, and cells were isolated and cultured in vitro. Mimic miRNAs were transfected into MPCs, followed by downstream in vitro analyses.

Results:
The investigation of the miRNA expression profile in the tissue of HO+ compared with HO− patients demonstrated a molecular signature that included the upregulation of miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-206, miR-26a, and miR-125b. Transfection of each of these mature miRNAs into MPCs followed by osteogenic induction demonstrated that miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-206 enhanced osteogenic differentiation compared with control treatments. In silico and in vitro analyses identified the transcription factor SOX9 as a candidate downstream target of miR-1 and miR-206 miRNAs.

Conclusions:
Our data demonstrated a molecular signature of miRNAs in the soft tissue of wounded servicemembers that was associated with the development of HO, providing novel insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with posttraumatic HO.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Lack of Humoral Immunity Against Glucosaminidase Is Associated with Postoperative Complications in Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis
Authors: Kates Stephen L. , Owen John R. , Beck Christopher A. , Xie Chao , Muthukrishnan Gowrishankar , Daiss John L. , Schwarz Edward M. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Glucosaminidase (Gmd) is known to be a protective antigen in animal models of Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. We compared the endogenous anti-Gmd antibody levels in sera of patients with culture-confirmed S. aureus bone infections to their sera at 1 year after operative treatment of the infection.

Methods:
A novel global biospecimen registry of 297 patients with deep-wound culture-confirmed S. aureus osteomyelitis was analyzed to assess relationships between baseline anti-Gmd serum titers (via custom Luminex assay), known host risk factors for infection, and 1-year postoperative clinical outcomes (e.g., infection control, inconclusive, refracture, persistent infection, septic nonunion, amputation, and septic death).

Results:
All patients had measurable humoral immunity against some S. aureus antigens, but only 20 patients (6.7%; p < 0.0001) had high levels of anti-Gmd antibodies (>10 ng/mL) in serum at baseline. A subset of 194 patients (65.3%) who completed 1 year of follow-up was divided into groups based on anti-Gmd level: low (<1 ng/mL, 54 patients; 27.8%), intermediate (<10 ng/mL, 122 patients; 62.9%), and high (>10 ng/mL, 18 patients; 9.3%), and infection control rates were 40.7%, 50.0%, and 66.7%, respectively. The incidence of adverse outcomes in these groups was 33.3%, 16.4%, and 11.1%, respectively. Assessing anti-Gmd level as a continuous variable showed a 60% reduction in adverse-event odds (p = 0.04) for every tenfold increase in concentration. No differences in patient demographics, body mass index of >40 kg/m2, diabetes status, age of ≥70 years, male sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index of >1, or Cierny-Mader host type were observed between groups, and these risk factors were not associated with adverse events. Patients with low anti-Gmd titer demonstrated a significant 2.68-fold increased odds of adverse outcomes (p = 0.008).

Conclusions:
Deficiency in circulating anti-Gmd antibodies was associated serious adverse outcomes following operative treatment of S. aureus osteomyelitis. At 1 year, high levels of anti-Gmd antibodies were associated with a nearly 3-fold increase in infection-control odds. Additional prospective studies clarifying Gmd immunization for osteomyelitis are needed.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty in a Patient with Nail-Patella Syndrome
Authors: Yang JaeWon , Heckmann Nathanael D. , Della Valle Craig J. 
Published: August 2020

Case:
A 46-year-old woman with a medical history of nail-patella syndrome (NPS) presented with chronic right knee pain. Radiographic and physical examination revealed isolated medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis and a hypoplastic laterally subluxed patella. The patient was successfully treated with a medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).

Conclusion:
In patients with NPS and osteoarthritis limited to one tibiofemoral compartment, a UKA may be successfully performed.
Aqueous Solution of Ketone Solvent for Enhanced Water Imbibition in Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Wang Mingyuan , Abeykoon Gayan A. , Argüelles-Vivas Francisco J. , Okuno Ryosuke 
Published: August 2020

Summary
This paper presents four dynamic imbibition experiments using fractured limestone cores with aqueous solutions of 3-pentanone and a nonionic surfactant. Results of the dynamic imbibition experiments were analyzed by the material balance for components: oil, brine, and chemical (3-pentanone or surfactant). The analysis resulted in a quantitative evaluation of the imbibed fraction of the injected components (brine and chemical additives) and the relative contribution of these components to the oil displacement in the matrix.
Results show that 3-pentanone and surfactant both can enhance the imbibition of brine through wettability alteration; however, 3-pentanone is more efficient in transferring from a fracture to the surrounding matrix. The imbibed fraction was more than 57.0% for 3-pentanone, and only 6.0% for surfactant at the end of the chemical-slug stage. During injection of the 3-pentanone solution, brine and 3-pentanone both displaced oil from the matrix pore volume (PV).
Results of the material-balance analysis suggest that an optimal process with an aqueous wettability modifier will have a large imbibed fraction to rapidly enhance the oil displacement by brine in the matrix. Such a process will benefit from chase brine and soaking (or shut-in) so that the oil recovery can be maximized for a small amount of chemical injection.