bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative Symptoms and Functioning in Youth at Risk of Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Devoe Daniel J. , Braun Amy , Seredynski Thomas , Addington Jean 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Learning objective
After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:
• Evaluate the relationship between negative symptoms and functioning in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Aim
Youth at CHR for psychosis often demonstrate significant negative symptoms and poor functioning, though the magnitude and direction of the relationship between the two remains unknown. The objective of this systematic review is to summarize the relationship between negative symptoms and functioning in CHR samples.

Method
Electronic databases CINAHL, EBM, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched from inception. Studies were selected if they included any study that reported a relationship between negative symptoms and functioning in youth at clinical high risk (CHR). The correlation coefficient r was converted to Cohen’s d, and all random-effects meta-analyses were performed using the transformed values.

Results
Forty-one studies met the inclusion criteria, including a total of 4574 individuals at CHR for psychosis. Negative symptom total scores were significantly associated with poorer global functioning (d, −1.40; 95% CI, −1.82 to −0.98; I2 = 79.4%; p < .001 [9 studies, n = 782]), social functioning (d, −1.10; 95% CI, −1.27 to −0.93; I2 = 10.40%; p < .001 [12 studies, n = 811]), and role functioning (d, −0.96; 95% CI, −1.17 to −0.76; I2 = 41.1%; p < .001 [9 studies, n = 881]). In addition, negative symptoms were consistently associated with poor premorbid functioning. When examining negative symptom domains, avolition, anhedonia, and blunted affect were each significantly and independently associated with poorer social functioning and role functioning. In terms of prediction models, negative symptoms contributed to the prediction of lower functioning across multiple studies.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis demonstrates a strong relationship between negative symptoms and functioning in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis.
Messaging in Biological Psychiatry: Misrepresentations, Their Causes, and Potential Consequences
Authors: Dumas-Mallet Estelle , Gonon Francois 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Most experts in the field of psychiatry recognize that neuroscience advances have yet to be translated into clinical practice. The main message delivered to laypeople, however, is that mental disorders are brain diseases cured by scientifically designed medications. Here we describe how this misleading message is generated. We summarize the academic studies describing how biomedical observations are often misrepresented in the scientific literature through various forms of data embellishment, publication biases favoring initial and positive studies, improper interpretations, and exaggerated conclusions. These misrepresentations also affect biological psychiatry and are spread through mass media documents. Exacerbated competition, hyperspecialization, and the need to obtain funding for research projects might drive scientists to misrepresent their findings. Moreover, journalists are unaware that initial studies, even when positive and promising, are inherently uncertain. Journalists preferentially cover them and almost never inform the public when those studies are disconfirmed by subsequent research. This explains why reductionist theories about mental health often persist in mass media even though the scientific claims that have been put forward to support them have long been contradicted. These misrepresentations affect the care of patients. Indeed, studies show that a neuro-essentialist conceptualization of mental disorders negatively affects several aspects of stigmatization, reduces the chances of patients’ healing, and overshadows psychotherapeutic and social approaches that have been found effective in alleviating mental suffering. Public information about mental health should avoid these reporting biases and give equal consideration to the biological, psychological, and social aspects of mental health.
Mindfulness and Behavior Change
Authors: Schuman-Olivier Zev , Trombka Marcelo , Lovas David A. , Brewer Judson A. , Vago David R. , Gawande Richa , Dunne Julie P. , Lazar Sara W. , Loucks Eric B. , Fulwiler Carl 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Initiating and maintaining behavior change is key to the prevention and treatment of most preventable chronic medical and psychiatric illnesses. The cultivation of mindfulness, involving acceptance and nonjudgment of present-moment experience, often results in transformative health behavior change. Neural systems involved in motivation and learning have an important role to play. A theoretical model of mindfulness that integrates these mechanisms with the cognitive, emotional, and self-related processes commonly described, while applying an integrated model to health behavior change, is needed. This integrative review (1) defines mindfulness and describes the mindfulness-based intervention movement, (2) synthesizes the neuroscience of mindfulness and integrates motivation and learning mechanisms within a mindful self-regulation model for understanding the complex effects of mindfulness on behavior change, and (3) synthesizes current clinical research evaluating the effects of mindfulness-based interventions targeting health behaviors relevant to psychiatric care. The review provides insight into the limitations of current research and proposes potential mechanisms to be tested in future research and targeted in clinical practice to enhance the impact of mindfulness on behavior change.
Visual Field Characteristics of Type I Boston Keratoprosthesis Patients Without Glaucoma
Authors: Quercia Andressa Z.F. , Silva Luzia D. , de Oliveira Filipe , Teixeira Sergio H. , de Sousa Luciene B. , de Oliveira Lauro A. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To determine visual field findings in Boston type 1-KPro (BI-KPro) patients without glaucoma. Characterize normal threshold values and global indices using standard automated perimetry and characterize visual field amplitude using Goldmann’s manual perimetry.

Methods:
This cross-sectional prospective noninterventional study included patients (n=6 patients, 6 eyes) with BI-KPro who had normal optical coherence tomography and fundoscopic evaluation of the optic disc and retina. None had a previous history of glaucoma. Visual acuity, reliable and reproducible standard automated perimetry (24-2 and 30-2), and manual perimetry examinations were obtained from all patients. Each patient answered the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire, and the results were correlated with visual field indices.

Results:
The mean visual acuity was 0.35±0.31 logMAR (0.84 to 0.10). All visual fields had good reliability indices. The standard automated perimetry mean deviation values were −7.25±3.63 decibels (dB) and −7.75±3.23 (24-2 and 30-2 values, respectively), whereas pattern SD values were 2.72±0.82 and 3.30±1.13 (24-2 and 30-2, respectively). The manual visual field mean values of the 4 quadrants (superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal), were 39.7±4.5, 61.8±6.2, 54.0±4.3, and 48.2±7.6 degrees, respectively. The authors found a significant correlation between the VFQ-25 indexes of general sight and close-range activities with the values of total deviation at 10 degrees. VFQ-25 peripheral vision indexes also correlated significantly with values of total deviation at 30 degrees (outermost locations in the 30-degree area).

Conclusions:
Patients with BI-KPro presented reliable and reproductive visual field measurements. The authors found a consistent reduction in visual field extension and a global sensitivity reduction in these patients. Despite visual field changes, our patients had a good quality of life scores. Overall, these results could be useful to improve early glaucoma diagnosis and to follow-up BI-KPro patients.
Depression and Medical Treatment Adherence in Mexican Patients With Glaucoma
Authors: Gamiochipi-Arjona Jorge E. , Azses-Halabe Yael , Tolosa-Tort Paulina , Lazcano-Gómez Gabriel , Gonzalez-Salinas Roberto , Turati-Acosta Mauricio , García-Huerta Magdalena , Jiménez-Román Jesús 
Published: November 2020

Precis:
The prevalence of depression in Mexican patients with glaucoma is higher than that reported in the general population. Depression prevalence and severity are directly associated with glaucoma severity and lower adherence to medical treatment.

Purpose:
To determine the prevalence of depression in patients with glaucoma and to describe the correlation between the severity of depression, glaucoma, and treatment adherence.

Patients and Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 111 patients with glaucoma who answered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-II and the Morisky-Green questionnaire that evaluated their depression severity and medical treatment adherence. Low treatment adherence was defined as having a score of >2 on the Morisky-Green questionnaire. Analysis of variance, Fisher exact test, and linear regression models were used for statistical analyses. The main outcomes were prevalence of depression, prevalence of depression according to glaucoma damage, and the association between depression severity, medical treatment adherence, and glaucoma damage.

Results:
The average patient age was 67.6±13.8 years. The prevalence of depression was 50.4%. Analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant association between glaucoma severity of the “worse eye” and the BDI raw score. In the “better eye,” there was no statistically significant difference in mean BDI raw scores across glaucoma severity categories. There was a statistically significant association between the presence of depression and the level of treatment adherence after adjusting for age, sex, type of glaucoma, and the glaucoma severity in both eyes. The risk of low treatment adherence in patients with depression was 38 times that of patients with no depression.

Conclusion:
Glaucoma is associated with a prevalence of depression nearly 10 times higher than that in the general population. Glaucoma, depression severity, and lower adherence to medical treatment are associated.
Trauma Versus Nontrauma Intensive Care Unit Nursing: A Workload Comparison
Authors: Youn Seok Hwa , Son Hyun-Sook , Kim JuRyang , Jung Kyoungwon , Moon Jonghwan , Huh Yo , Kim Younghwan 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Trauma centers with dedicated trauma intensive care units (TICUs) have recently been developed in South Korea. It is hypothesized that TICU nurse staffing is driven not only by the number of patients but also by the work intensity. This study aims to compare nursing workload characteristics between TICUs and non-TICUs.

Methods:
A 1-year retrospective study was performed in one TICU and five non-TICUs in a single trauma center from September 2014 to August 2015. Demographic data were collected along with nursing workload characteristics using the Workload Management System of Critical Care Nurses (WMSCN) score.

Results:
A total of 332 trauma patients in the TICU and 2,346 nontrauma patients in non-TICUs were studied. TICU patients were younger (49.27 vs. 60.44, p < .001) and more frequently male (75.6% vs. 24.4%, p < .001). The most common admission reasons were motor vehicle crash (38.6%) and cardiovascular conditions (24.9%). Both intensive care unit and hospital length of stay were longer in TICU patients (12.72 vs. 5.43, p < .001; and 35.61 vs. 18.16, p < .001), whereas the mortality rates in the TICU were lower (11.1% vs. 15.1%, p < .001). Total WMSCN scores were significantly higher in the TICU (115.99 vs. 110.19; p < .001).

Conclusions:
This study found that nursing workload or work intensity was significantly higher in the TICU than in non-TICUs. Further multicenter studies using objective medical severity scores are warranted.
Whole Blood Administration: Comparison of In Vitro Platelet Function of Pressure Bag, Pressure Bag With Fluid Warming Device, and Rapid Infuser Methods
Authors: Alley Tiffany , Taylor Gigi , Owens Amy , Goodin James W. , Rasnake Niki , Daley Brian J. , Clark Christopher T. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Use of low-titer group O whole blood for emergent transfusion of patients with unknown blood type became AABB approved in January 2018. Since that time, there is increasing use of whole blood in massive transfusion protocols. Whole blood stored at refrigerator temperature (2–4 °C) contains functional platelets that some research proposes may provide better clot dynamics than standard platelets, which are stored at room temperature (20–24 °C). Conventional teaching does not promote infusion of platelet products with pressure or warming, due to concerns of activation and subsequent inactivity of the infused platelets. Although a few reports found no significant changes in platelet function with warming or pressure during infusion of conventional room-temperature-stored platelets, there is limited data to support use of warming or pressure for infusion of whole blood products containing cold-stored platelets.

Methods:
This study design is to evaluate and compare three commonly used methods of administering blood products in a massive transfusion setting for their potential effects on platelets contained within whole blood units (pressure bag alone, pressure bag with fluid warming line, and rapid infuser).

Results:
Platelet function of 10 units tested pre- and post-infusion by thromboelastography (TEG) and platelet aggregation studies found no significant difference in platelet activity pre- and post-infusion with any of the three methods evaluated.

Conclusions:
This study supports the use of rapid infuser or pressure bag devices (with or without warming) as acceptable for infusion of whole blood products. Infusion of whole blood with warming is preferable to prevent potential transfusion-associated hypothermia.
Relationship of Time of Injury Marijuana Exposure and Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Elias Dina , Plurad David , Bender Miriam 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant nursing concern, as it is a leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability in the United States. Notably, up to 51% of all TBI patients have substance use exposure at the time of injury. Marijuana remains the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. However, little is known about marijuana exposure and TBI incidence and severity, particularly at the time of injury.

Methods:
A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines in PubMed to determine the relationship between marijuana exposure and TBI severity.
Heterogeneity of study designs, concepts, samples, and variables in included studies precluded a meta-analysis. Hence, a descriptive analysis of findings was conducted.

Results:
The search yielded 939 studies, of which eight met inclusion criteria. Only one study found a connection between positive marijuana toxicology screen and mortality outcomes in TBI patients. There was significant variation in how marijuana exposure was defined, conceptualized, and operationalized in the other studies.

Conclusions:
This review identified the need for larger, better-designed studies to address the significant knowledge gap about the relationship between marijuana use and its influence on TBI. Data and knowledge derived from such studies can help inform policy and aid in the development of nursing interventions that target prevention and increase awareness of TBI risk when under the influence of marijuana.
Development of a Prediction Model for Trauma Registry Chart Abstraction Time
Authors: Evans Kelly Jo , Samanta Damayanti 
Published: November 2020

Introduction
A Level I trauma center routinely faced challenges with meeting data submission deadlines and frequently struggled with a backlog of cases that limited opportunities for concurrent performance improvement. To provide a validated algorithm through which registry workload could be evaluated, the study institution designed a scientific model that predicted the amount of time required for chart abstraction on a patient-by-patient basis.

Methods
As part of this quality improvement endeavor, registrars documented the amount of time required to complete each chart. A total of 600 patients' data were included by randomly selecting 150 patients from each of the 4 trauma registrars. Given that no previous study has examined the association of patient-related factors with chart abstraction time, study variables utilized to construct this predictive model were determined by the trauma program manager and the lead trauma registrar.

Results
Multiple linear regression demonstrated that inhospital mortality; transfer from a referring facility; hospital stay; ventilator days; and number of complications, specialty consults, injuries, blood products, and procedures were significant predictors of chart abstraction time. The equation for the regression line for the multivariate regression was as follows: Y = 38.95 + 31.28 × mortality + 15.33 × referring facility + 4.68 × complications+3.55 × hospital stay + 3.33 × consults + 2.83 × diagnoses + 2.00 × ventilator days + 1.78 × blood products + 1.09 × procedures.

Conclusions
The merit of this prediction model is that it is based on patient-related variables and predicts time on a patient-by-patient basis. This innovative tool can be utilized by other trauma centers to evaluate registry productivity and identify opportunities for improvement retrospectively.
Imprinting disorders in humans: a review
Authors: Butler Merlin G. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose of review
Mammals have two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent with equal autosomal gene expression. Less than one percentage of human genes are imprinted or show expression from only one parent without changing gene structure, usually by DNA methylation, but reversible in gametogenesis. Many imprinted genes affect fetal growth and development accounting for several human disorders reviewed in this report.

Recent findings
Disorders include Prader–Willi and Angelman syndromes, the first examples of imprinting errors in humans, chromosome 15q11.2-q13.3 duplication, Silver–Russell syndrome, Beckwith–Weidemann syndrome, GNAS gene-related inactivation disorders (e.g. Albright hereditary osteodystrophy), uniparental chromosome 14 disomy, chromosome 6q24-related transient neonatal diabetes mellitus, parent of origin effects in 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 deletion (Burnside–Butler) syndrome and 15q11-q13 single gene imprinted disorders.

Summary
Periconceptional and intrauterine life can be influenced by environmental factors and nutrition impacting DNA methylation. This process not only alters development of the fetus, but pregnancy complications may result from large fetal size. Epigenetic processes control imprinted gene functions and regulation with susceptibility to diseases as described. A better understanding of these processes will impact on care and treatment of affected individuals.
The relationship between anxiety, health, and potential stressors among adults in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Parcesepe Angela M , Robertson McKaylee , Berry Amanda , Maroko Andrew , Zimba Rebecca , Grov Christian , Westmoreland Drew , Kulkarni Sarah , Rane Madhura , Salgado-You William , Mirzayi Chloe , Waldron Levi , Nash Denis 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and the association between moderate or severe anxiety symptoms and health and potential stressors among adults in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemicMethodsThis analysis includes data from 5,250 adults in the Communities, Households and SARS/CoV-2 Epidemiology (CHASING) COVID Cohort Study surveyed in April 2020. Poisson models were used to estimate the association between moderate or severe anxiety symptoms and health and potential stressors among U.S. adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsGreater than one-third (35%) of participants reported moderate or severe anxiety symptoms. Having lost income due to COVID-19 (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.27 (95% CI 1.16, 1.30), having recent COVID-like symptoms (aPR 1.17 (95% CI 1.05, 1,31), and having been previously diagnosed with depression (aPR 1.49, (95% CI 1.35, 1.64) were positively associated with anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsAnxiety symptoms were common among adults in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic. Strategies to screen and treat individuals at increased risk of anxiety, such as individuals experiencing financial hardship and individuals with prior diagnoses of depression, should be developed and implemented.
A Cascade of Care for Alcohol Use Disorder: Using 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Data to Identify Gaps in Care
Authors: Mintz Carrie M. , Hartz Sarah M. , Fisher Sherri L. , Ramsey Alex T. , Geng Elvin H. , Grucza Richard A. , Bierut Laura J. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough effective treatments exist, alcohol use disorder (AUD) is undertreated. We used a cascade of care framework to understand gaps in care between diagnosis and treatment for persons with AUD.MethodsUsing 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data, we evaluated the following steps in the cascade of care: 1) prevalence of adults with AUD; 2) proportion of adults who utilized health care in the past 12 months; 3) were screened about alcohol use; 4) received a brief intervention about alcohol misuse; 5) received information about treatment for alcohol misuse; and 6) proportion of persons with AUD who received treatment. Analyses were stratified by AUD severity.ResultsOf the 171,766 persons included in the sample, weighted prevalence of AUD was 7.9% (95% CI 7.7-8.0%). Persons with AUD utilized health care settings at similar rates as those without AUD. Cascades of care showed the majority of individuals with AUD utilized health care and were screened about alcohol use, but the percent who received the subsequent steps of care decreased substantially. For those with severe AUD, 83.5% (CI: 78.3%-88.7%) utilized health care in the past 12 months, 73.5% (CI: 68.1%-78.9%) were screened for alcohol use, 22.7% (CI: 19.4%-26.0%) received a brief intervention, 12.4% (CI: 10%-14.7%) received information about treatment, and 20.5% (CI: 18%-23.1%) were treated for AUD. The greatest decrease in the care continuum occurred from screening to brief intervention and referral to treatment. More persons with severe AUD received treatment than were referred, indicating other pathways to treatment outside of the healthcare system.ConclusionsPersons with AUD utilize health care at high rates and are frequently screened about alcohol use, but few receive treatment. Health care settings-particularly primary care settings-represent a prime opportunity to implement pharmacologic treatment for AUD to improve outcomes in this high-risk population.