bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of elbasvir/grazoprevir for 8 or 12 weeks for hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection: A randomized study
Authors: Asselah Tarik , Pol Stanislas , Hezode Christophe , Loustaud‐Ratti Veronique , Leroy Vincent , Ahmed Si Nafa Si , Ozenne Violaine , Bronowicki Jean‐Pierre , Larrey Dominique , Tran Albert , Alric Laurent , Nguyen‐Khac Eric , Robertson Michael N. , Hanna George J. , Brown Deborah , Asante‐Appiah Ernest , Su Feng‐Hsiu , Hwang Peggy , Hall Jessie Durrand , Guidoum Amir , Hagen Karin , Haber Barbara A. , Talwani Rohit , Serfaty Lawrence 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT) 4 infection is prevalent in sub‐Saharan Africa and the Middle East, particularly in Egypt. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of elbasvir/grazoprevir administered for 8 and 12 weeks in participants with HCV GT4 infection.MethodsIn this partially randomized, open‐label multicentre study conducted in France (NCT03111108; Protocol MK5172‐096), treatment‐naive participants with GT4 infection and F0‐F2 fibrosis were randomized 2:1 to elbasvir (50 mg)/grazoprevir (100 mg) for 8 or 12 weeks. Treatment‐naive participants with F3‐F4 fibrosis and all treatment‐experienced participants (F0‐F4) were assigned to elbasvir/grazoprevir for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response (SVR) 12 weeks after the end of therapy.ResultsOne hundred and seventeen participants were enrolled. Among treatment‐naive participants with F0‐F2 fibrosis, SVR was achieved by 94% (50/53) and 96% (26/27) of those receiving elbasvir/grazoprevir for 8 or 12 weeks, respectively, and four participants relapsed. In the 12‐week arm, 95% (35/37) achieved SVR and two participants relapsed. NS5A resistance‐associated substitutions were present at baseline and virologic failure in five of the participants with relapse. Drug‐related adverse events occurred in 42% (n = 22) and 50% (n = 32) of participants receiving 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, respectively. No participant discontinued treatment owing to an adverse event.ConclusionThese data confirm the efficacy of elbasvir/grazoprevir administered for 12 weeks in treatment‐experienced individuals with HCV GT4 infection and those with advanced fibrosis. Treatment‐naive individuals with mild fibrosis can be treated effectively with an 8‐week regimen.
Assessing the State of Mandatory Fees in America's Public Colleges and Universities: Causes and Consequences
Authors: Reinagel Tyler P. , Cooper Christopher A. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesMandatory fees in American's public universities and colleges are ubiquitous. While many of these fees provide for essential university functions, others provide particularized benefits for small groups of students. Despite importance of the topic, we know very little about how universities assess fees.MethodsIn this article, we catalog every university fee at every U.S. public college and university during academic year 2014–2015 and conduct multivariate analysis to determine the conditions under which institutions assess more and higher fees.ResultsWe discover considerable disparity in how fees are assessed. Both university characteristics and state policy affect the amount of fees that colleges and universities assess.ConclusionsThe heterogeneous assessment of university fees raises important questions about equity and responsiveness of public institutions.
The safety and efficacy of ferumoxytol in the treatment of iron deficiency: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Abdulrehman Jameel , Tang Grace H. , Auerbach Michael , Santesso Nancy , Sholzberg Michelle 
Published: November 2019

INTRODUCTIONFerumoxytol is an intravenous (IV) iron formulation for treatment of iron deficiency (ID) that faced post‐marketing reports of serious adverse events (SAEs).OBJECTIVESTo determine the safety and efficacy of ferumoxytol compared to other iron formulations and placebo.METHODSWe searched the Cochrane Library, Medline, and EMBASE from inception until February 2018 as well as trial registries and reference lists of relevant articles for randomized or quasi‐randomized controlled trials.RESULTSThe review included nine studies with 5691 participants. Studies were at low risk of bias.When comparing ferumoxytol to other IV iron formulations, there is moderate quality evidence (QE) of little to no difference in treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) (risk ratio [RR] 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80‐0.97), treatment related adverse events (TRAEs) (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.61‐0.88), SAEs (RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.77‐1.67), hypotension or hypersensitivity reactions (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.31‐1.09), or composite cardiovascular outcomes (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.24‐1.29), low QE of little to no difference in related SAEs (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.05‐6.16), and high QE of little to no difference in the number of patients with an increase in hemoglobin by at least 1 g/dL (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.96‐1.12).Ferumoxytol had less TEAEs compared to oral iron (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.61‐0.98), but more compared to placebo (RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.01‐2.61).DISCUSSIONFerumoxytol is as efficacious and safe as alternative IV iron formulations with no clear safety concerns.
Efficient Broadband Vibration Energy Harvesting Using Multiple Piezoelectric Bimorphs
Authors: Farokhi Hamed , Gholipour Alireza , Ghayesh Mergen H. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents complete nonlinear electromechanical models for energy harvesting devices consisting of multiple piezoelectric bimorphs (PBs) connected in parallel and series, for the first time. The proposed model is verified against available experimental results for a specific case. The piezoelectric and beam constitutive equations and different circuit equations are utilized to derive the complete nonlinear models for series and parallel connections of the PBs as well as those of piezoelectric layers in each bimorph, i.e., four nonlinear models in total. A multi-modal Galerkin approach is used to discretize these nonlinear electromechanical models. The resultant high-dimensional set of equations is solved utilizing a highly optimized and efficient numerical continuation code. Examining the system behavior shows that the optimum load resistance for an energy harvester array of 4 PBs connected in parallel is almost 4% of that for the case with PBs connected in series. It is shown an energy harvesting array of 8 PBs could reach a bandwidth of 14 Hz in low frequency range, i.e., 20–34 Hz. Compared with an energy harvester with 1 PB, it is shown that the bandwidth can be increased by more than 300% using 4 PBs and by more than 500% using 8 PBs. Additionally, the drawbacks of a multi-PB energy harvesting device are identified and design enhancements are proposed to improve the efficiency of the device.
Modeling Planar Joints With Clearance Between the Guide and Roller in Mechanisms
Authors: Gao Yunkai , Duan Yuexing , Yang James , Yuan Zhe , Ma Chao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In mechanisms, the guide and roller form joints with clearance and the roller may make contact with the convex surface or concave surface of the guide. Correctly modeling this type of joint is critical in a mechanism's dynamic performance analysis. This paper proposes a contact kinematic model and a hybrid contact force model for the planar joint and investigates both the convex and concave contact cases. The contact kinematic model is derived from the relative motion between the guide and roller and the hybrid contact force model consists of an elastic force and a damping force. The sliding door mechanism is used as an illustrative example to demonstrate the proposed models. Experimental data are collected for a vehicle's sliding door mechanism. Results show that the proposed models are effective and the simulation results match the general trend of experimental data based on RMS errors.
Fabrication and Multiphysics Modeling of MEMS Thermal Flow Sensor
Authors: Cable Justin , Anderson Kevin R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A micromachined thermal flow sensor is presented demonstrating sensing liquid flow rates as low as 2 microliters per minute capable of being used for biomedical applications. These flow sensors rely on the varying electrical resistance of sensors generated by forced convection at different flow rates. The sensor array presented was constructed using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) techniques including micro-molding, wet etching and dry etching utilizing biocompatible materials. A numerical model was built using COMSOL multi-physics in order to predict and optimize the electrical, thermal and fluid behavior of the sensor, which was verified with experimental data. The construction allowed for multiple thermal flow sensing operational modes. Here, constant current hot film and constant current calorimetric were simulated and tested. A variety of flow sensor geometries were compared to investigate maximum heat transfer to the sensors, thermal insultation, size, sensitivity and range capabilities. The sensor design is such that it is capable of detecting different flow direction and various flow ranges for different fluids. In addition to the performance capabilities outlined, the sensor is relatively inexpensive and should have a long lifetime due to the lack of moving parts.
Asymptotic Expansion Technique for Evaluating the Uncertainty of Moist-Air Density Formula
Authors: Chun Sejong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Asymptotic expansion technique can evaluate the measurement uncertainty by classifying an output quantity into a measured value and its correction values. The asymptotic expansion technique combines simultaneous observations of input quantities into the output measured value. The asymptotic expansion technique is useful in evaluating a multi-variate output quantity such as the moist-air density formula (CIPM-2007), in which covariances among input quantities could complicate the evaluation of measurement uncertainty.
This study demonstrates that both the Taylor’s series expansion and the chain rule of differentiation are enough to calculate the sensitivity coefficients for the CIPM-2007 air density formula. The measurement uncertainty is found to be greater than the original CIPM-2007 formula by two orders of magnitude. It is because the uncertainty of correction values come from a commercial instrument for monitoring laboratory environments. Nevertheless, the asymptotic expansion technique is useful for measurement uncertainty evaluation to avoid subtle problems of ignoring covariance of input quantities in the literature.
Calculation of the Flow Profile Correction Factor Based on Flow Velocity Distribution Functions for Ultrasonic Flow Metering
Authors: Chun Sejong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Transit-time ultrasonic flow metering relies on the flow profile correction factor (FPCF) to improve its measurement capability by converting line-integrated flow velocity into area-integrated flow velocity. It is because the flow velocity is integrated along ultrasonic paths between ultrasonic sensors by sending and receiving pulse signals in the transit-time ultrasonic flow metering. ISO 12242 (liquid flow metering) and ISO 17089 (gas flow metering) specify how to define the FPCF with a transit-time multi-path ultrasonic flow meter. The FPCF is applied to an averaged value of line-integrated flow velocities, not to each line-integrated flow velocity, according to the ISO standards. The present use of FPCF is validated in the fully-developed turbulent pipe flow, which a long straight pipe is installed upstream of the ultrasonic flow meter. However, the present FPCF would not be very accurate in asymmetric pipe flows with various conduit elements, such as elbows.
This study attempts to apply the FPCF to each line-integrated flow velocity in transit-time multi-path ultrasonic flow metering. The FPCF can be applied to each line-integrated flow velocity if the FPCF is based on flow velocity distribution functions, such as those suggested by Salami (1984). The Salami’s flow velocity distribution functions include one symmetric flow, three one-peak flows, and two two-peak flows. The FPCF is calculated by line-integrals along the ultrasonic paths on each flow velocity distribution function. This study is the first attempt to show that the FPCF can be applied to convert the line-integrated flow velocities into the area-integrated flow velocity along each ultrasonic path.
Numerical Simulation and Neural Network Study Using an Upstream Cylinder for Flow Control of an Airfoil
Authors: Zhang Meihua , Zheng Zhongquan Charlie , Liu Yangliu , Jiang Xiaoyu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Flow behaviors of a downstream object can be affected significantly by an upstream object in close proximity. This concept is used for flow control in this study to maximize the lift/drag ratio on a NACA0012 airfoil. A cylinder with cross-flow translational motion is placed upstream of the airfoil. Numerical simulations are carried out with an immersed-boundary method to solve the incompressible, viscous flow at the Reynolds number of 2000. Control parameters that influence the dynamics of flow around the airfoil are systematically investigated, including the oscillating frequency and amplitude of the upstream cylinder, the distances between the cylinder and the airfoil, and the diameter of the cylinder. To obtain sample data properly and efficiently for carrying out the neural network study, the idea of the orthogonal test method is used to set the control parameters in the numerical simulation. The combination of the back-propagation neural network algorithm and the genetic algorithm is applied to find the optimal value of the lift/drag ratio and the corresponding control parameters. The results show that when the cylinder oscillating frequency increases, the ratio increases until negative coefficients occur; when the distance between the cylinder and the airfoil increases or the amplitude of oscillating cylinder increases, the ratio decreases first and then increases; and when the cylinder diameter increases, the ratio increases. Compared to the reference case, the optimized lift/drag ratio increases 178%.
Tangential Wall Jet Flow and Gas Entrainment in Gas-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone Compact Separator
Authors: Kolla Srinivas Swaroop , Mohan Ram S. , Shoham Ovadia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Gas Carry-Under (GCU) is one of the undesirable phenomena that exist in the Gas-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (GLCC) separators even within the liquid carry-over Operational Envelope (OE). In order to quantify the GCU, it is important to understand the cause of gas entrainment that occurs in the GLCC other than the incoming entrained gas within the liquid medium. The tangential inclined inlet of 27° with reduced area allows the stratified liquid flow to exit the inlet nozzle tangentially along the wall into the vertical lower part of the GLCC, whereby the liquid film spreads along the wall in an asymmetrical shape. The gas moves to the center of the GLCC and escapes through the gas leg. The liquid film flow is complex and turbulent exhibiting unevenness of the film thickness and asymmetrical velocity distribution. Experimental investigations show that the magnitude of liquid wall jet film tangential and axial velocity change as a function of length along the GLCC below the inlet of the GLCC. This wall jet film flowing down along the wall is the cause for gas entrainment and GCU. The experimental results show that the gas entrainment mechanism is not like the conventional jet entrainment as expected to be occurring in GLCC. The change in velocities of the wall jet film at various liquid heights maintained below the inlet results in varying gas entrainment at various inlet liquid levels and for fluid properties. The wall jet phenomena that takes places at the inlet has been discussed in detail and a mechanistic model capable of predicting the wall jet parameters has been presented in this paper. Further, a novel mechanistic model that is developed for the first time is also presented which can predict the gas entrainment at various liquid levels and flow conditions using the wall jet parameters as an input condition.
Unsteady Vortex Breakdown Phenomena in an Enclosed Cylindrical Container With a Rotating Endwall Disk
Authors: Nakatsuka Yuki , Iwatsu Reima , Hyun Jae Min , Koyama Hide S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A high-quality precision-controlled turntable apparatus was fabricated to probe the dynamic behavior of a viscous fluid contained in a cylindrical container. Vortex breakdown(s) produced by a rotating endwall disk was visualized by using a fluorescent dye injection technique, and its flow field was measured by using a particle image velocimetry. This flow is characterized by two non-dimensional parameters, i.e., the height-to-radius ratio H/R and the rotating Reynolds number Re = Ω2/v. Limiting boundaries for single, double and triple vortex breakdowns in steady flow were re-plotted to compare with the previous visualization studies of Escudier. The locations of stagnation points of the vortex breakdown bubble(s) in steady flow were measured quantitatively. The overall experimental results in the steady flow were in excellent agreement with Escudier’s data. In unsteady flow, the amplitude and time period of periodic axial oscillation, and the polar angle and time period of precession, were measured. The domains for periodic axial oscillation and for precession in unsteady flow were delineated.
Effects of Coriolis Force on Turbulence Structure in Rotating Channels With High and Low Aspect Ratios
Authors: Koyama Hide S. , Tatsuta Shoichiro , Tamura Ema , Nigim Hani H. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To clarify the stabilization, destabilization and secondary flow effects of the Coriolis force on the turbulence structure in rotating channels with high and low aspect ratios, experimental investigations were undertaken by using a rotating wind tunnel about 2 meters in diameter. A hot-wire anemometer and more than 6 hot-wire probes with fine resistance wire, each inclined at a known angle to the main flow, were used for the measurements of time-mean velocities and 6 components of Reynolds normal and shear stresses. An optical transmission system of electrical signals from a rotating apparatus to the stationary system was used to immunize the electrical noise. The hot-wire probe was traversed with sufficient accuracy. Phenomena of the stratification, Taylor-Görtler type vortices in the destabilized nominal two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer, relaminarization from turbulent to laminar boundary layer in the high aspect ratio channel and a pair of longitudinal flat vortices in the low aspect ratio channel were observed, and discussed in detail by using the low of conservation of angular momentum, the vorticity transport equation and the Reynolds stress transport equations in a rotating frame.
Wake Behavior Around Flapping Wings of Model Hawkmoth Moving Sideways
Authors: Han Jong-Seob , Han Jae-Hung 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study investigated nearwake behaviors around flapping wings moving sideways. A dynamically scaled-up flapping manipulator was installed on a servo-driven towing carriage to give the sideways movement. In the single wing configuration, the wing in the windward side did not encounter any noticeable effects on the aerodynamic characteristics. The wing in the leeward side, on the other hand, experienced a substantial lift augmentation. We found a stretched leading-edge vortex (LEV) on the wing in the leeward side, implying the additional feeding flux into the LEV. In this case, the moving sideways gave a continuous lateral wind, which became the source to maintain the lift augmentation with the less downward component. We also found that the moving sideways rather intensified the interaction between the wake of the wing in the windward side and the contralateral wing, i.e., the wing-wake interaction. Accordingly, the lift augmentation on the wing in the leeward side practically disappeared by the wing-wake interaction. A digital particle image velocimetry for nearwake behaviors found the less developed trailing-edge shear layer and wingroot vortex traces. This implied that the massive downwash induced by the wing in the windward side was the main source to neutralize the lift augmentation on the contralateral wing.
Effects of Wind Environment on Propeller Performance of Multirotor Drone in Hover
Authors: Murakami Motonao , Abe Hiroyuki , Aono Hikaru , Ishikawa Hitoshi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of cross flow and fluctuating flow on the propeller performance of MAV. This study especially has focused on the propeller performance during hovering flight under several cross flow velocity in actual flight conditions. We investigated four test cases of propellers with different starting point of design. The thrust and the torque of each propeller were experimentally measured by using the force transducer in wind tunnel. Figure of Merit (FM) of each propeller were evaluated based on the thrust and the torque measurement. The results showed that low cross flow velocity reduced FM. However, high cross flow velocity improved FM. Fluctuating flow yielded the change of FM with time. Furthermore, it was found that the starting point of the propeller design had a great effect on FM under wind environments.
The Performance Enhancement of Hemodialyzers: Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
Authors: Alghafis Abdullah A. , Alshwairekh Ahmed M. , Alwatban Anas M. , Alqsair Umar F. , Oztekin Alparslan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics simulations are conducted to study the hemodialysis process in separation modules containing hollow fiber membranes. Hemodialysis is the filtration process which removes waste out of the blood. In this work, three-dimensional steady-state laminar flow simulations are conducted to investigate the effect of disk baffles on the performance of the hemodialysis process. The uniformly spaced baffles are placed along the axis of the shell within the dialyzer. The disk baffles of diameter 2.85 dhd were considered, where dhd is the shell hydraulic diameter. The inlet solute mass fraction of the blood solution is fixed at 0.00074, while the inlet solute mass fraction of the dialysate solution varied as 0.004 and 0.007. The blood and the dialysate flow rates are fixed. Our results revealed that the presence of disk baffles in the shell mitigates the concentration polarization and yields higher urea permeation. The higher dialysate concentration solute yields a 41.2% increase in the urea permeate rate compared to the lower dialysate solute concentration.