bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing ecologically coherent population structure of uncultivated bacterioplankton with POGENOM
Authors: Sjöqvist C , Delgado Zambrano LF , Alneberg J , Andersson AF 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundBacterioplankton are main drivers of biogeochemical cycles and important components of aquatic food webs. However, difficulties in culturing the majority of aquatic prokaryotic species have complicated the study of their microdiversity. Here, we present POGENOM, a software that quantifies population genomic indices from metagenome data, enabling comparative analysis of genomic diversity and differentiation in multiple species in parallel. We demonstrate POGENOM on metagenome-assembled genomes from the Baltic Sea and investigate their genomic variation using metagenome data spanning a 1700 km transect and covering seasonal variation at one station.ResultsThe majority of the investigated species, representing several major bacterioplankton clades, displayed population structure correlating significantly with environmental factors such as salinity, temperature, nutrients and oxygen, both over horizontal and vertical dimensions. Population differentiation was more pronounced over spatial than temporal scales, although some species displayed population structure correlating with season. We discovered genes that have undergone adaptation to different salinity regimes, potentially responsible for the populations’ existence along the salinity range.ConclusionsWe provide a new tool for high-throughput population genomics analysis based on metagenomics data. From an evolutionary point of view, our findings emphasize the importance of physiological barriers, and highlight the role of adaptive divergence as a structuring mechanism of bacterioplankton species, despite their seemingly unlimited dispersal potential. This is of central importance when learning about how species have adapted to new environmental conditions and what their adaptive potential is in the face of Global Change.
Entropy generation analysis of multi-walled carbon nanotube dispersed nanoliquid in the presence of heat source through a vertical microchannel
Authors: Sindhu S. , Gireesha B.J. , Sowmya G. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The influence of radiation on nanoliquid flow through a vertical microchannel in the presence of heat source is examined. This study aims to investigate the efficiency of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) considering water and engine oil as base fluid.

Design/methodology/approach
Nondimensional variables are used to obtain the dimensionless physical model. The solutions are computed numerically via Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg integration scheme.

Findings
It is established that (knf/kf)Lamina > (knf/kf)Column > (knf/kf)Tetrahedron > (knf/kf)Hexahedron > (knf/kf)Sphere.

Originality/value
Thermal conductivity of MWCNT is analyzed using different models. Also, it is remarked that Xue model exhibits higher thermal conductivity for MWCNT compared to Maxwell model, Yu-Choi model and Hamilton-Crosser model.
The future of university or universities of the future: a paradox for uncertain times
Authors: Alexander Allen , Manolchev Constantine 
Published: March 2020

PurposeUsing narratives from leading international academics and commentators, the authors chart four, possible, “universities of the future” models and discuss how current university management issues can enable or hinder them.Design/methodology/approachDeploying a Gioia methodology analysis of “University of the Future” narratives, the authors derive 12 categories of institutional properties and, ultimately, four distinct models.FindingsThe authors identify how current, classic and polytechnic institutions can adapt their operations and service delivery in order to transition into future-ready business models.Originality/valueThe authors interpret the opinions and predictions from world-leading experts in the higher education field in order to present the first, to our knowledge, typology of aspirational university models.
Gender, quality and health – a study of Swedish secondary school teachers
Authors: Lagrosen Yvonne , Lagrosen Stefan 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine gender differences regarding the experience of workplace health and quality management. In this context, we include some factors of work environment that have previously been shown to be related to health such as workplace learning, stress, flow and sense of coherence.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire based on previous research was constructed. It was delivered to a population of Swedish upper secondary school teachers. Three hundred eleven responses were returned. They were analysed for gender differences witht-tests and chi-square tests.FindingsThe results show that women's experience of their health is worse than men's despite having a generally better experience of the quality management values, workplace learning and flow. Moreover, women experience more stress, and they are more often subjected to sexual harassment while men more frequently had been exposed to physical violence.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has implications for research in that it indicates that although women have better experiences of many of the factors that previous research has shown to be related to workplace health, their health is actually worse. A limitation is that the response rate was low.Practical implicationsThe findings should be useful for managers attempting to improve the workplace health of their staff. The finding that women report less health than men even though experiencing quality management values more, means that women's health need a particular focus in secondary schools.Originality/valueThe connection between health and quality management has not been previously studied from a gender perspective.
Drivers and relationship benefits of customer willingness to engage in CSR initiatives
Authors: O'Brien Ingrid M. , Ouschan Robyn , Jarvis Wade , Soutar Geoffrey Norman 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of CSR initiative preference, customer helping orientation and customer participation on willingness to engage in CSR and to demonstrate the influence this engagement has on their commitment and loyalty to the organisation.Design/methodology/approachThis study entailed an online survey of customers from a large not-for-profit organisation (n = 210). Choice modelling is used to test a structural equation model of drivers and outcomes of willingness to engage in CSR.FindingsResults demonstrate the CSR initiative preferred by customers has a stronger impact on their willingness to engage with the CSR initiative (volunteering their time, effort, money) than either customers' helping orientation or customer participation. Furthermore, willingness to engage in CSR influences customer commitment and loyalty to support and recommend the organisation.Research limitations/implicationsThe results clearly demonstrate the significant impact that customers' preferences for and willingness to engage in CSR initiatives have on customers' relationship with not-for-profit organisations.Social implicationsThe results highlight the importance of taking into account customer preferences for CSR issues to encourage customers to engage in CSR initiatives designed to benefit society.Originality/valueTraditionally CSR literature has focused on how commercial firms' engagement in CSR creates value for the firm and society. The marketing literature has focused on how customer engagement in brand communities benefits the firm. This study extends the research by exploring customers’ willingness to engage in CSR with not-for-profit organisations. It uses Choice modelling to demonstrate the impact of customer preferences for local and aligned CSR initiatives on customer willingness to engage.
Conclusion: how is Malaysian hospitality and tourism education working with industry?
Authors: Hussain Kashif , Ragavan Neethiahnanthan Ari , Ming Vincent Tang Thien , Loong Chris Low Kam 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to summarise the main points arising from the articles contained in this theme issue and to provide some directions for the future development of hospitality and tourism education in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper reviews the contribution made by this theme issue in response to the strategic question: How is Malaysian hospitality and tourism education working with the industry?

Findings
The paper observes that authors with different academic and industry backgrounds are able to generate significant outcomes in terms of the contribution to knowledge and/or professional practice, the implications for management action, applied research and industry practice in Malaysia.

Originality/value
This paper considers the extent to which the strategic question discussed in this theme issue could be applied to other ASEAN countries.
Optimal financing and operation strategy of fresh agricultural supply chain
Authors: Yan Bo , Liu Gaodi , Zhang Zhenyu , Yan Chang 
Published: March 2020

Increased market demand and expanded scales of production of fresh agricultural products by small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) have highlighted the challenge of funding sufficient infrastructure. Additional costs to improve the freshness of produce makes the optimal financial and operational policies different for these enterprises. On the basis of the characteristics of the fresh agricultural supply chain, this paper analyses the financing strategies adopted by SMEs and obtains optimal operational and financing strategies for SMEs in six different situations. The analysis shows that the optimal level of financing by SMEs is not only affected by the financing rate, but also negatively related to the freshness effort cost coefficient, and is positively related to the sensitivity coefficient of market freshness. Moreover, although the cost of improving the freshness level of the producte is only borne by the SME, the supply chain cannot maximise profit from the optimal financial strategies of SMEs. Shouldering the fresh effort cost also lessens the optimal financing requirement of the SME compared with that of the entire supply chain. The difference is affected by the fresh effort cost coefficient.
Adsorption kinetics of high mobility group box 1 protein in a polyacrylonitrile hemofiltration membrane
Authors: Nakamura Tomoyuki , Moriyama Kazuhiro , Shimomura Yasuyo , Kato Yu , Kuriyama Naohide , Hara Yoshitaka , Yamada Shingo , Nishida Osamu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is recognized as a prototypical endogenous danger cytokine in sepsis. We previously reported that a polyacrylonitrile (AN69ST) membrane rapidly adsorbed HMGB1. Herein, an in vitro hemofiltration system was designed to assess the HMGB1 adsorption capacity, adsorption sites, and adsorption mechanism of the AN69ST membrane. HMGB1 was repeatedly added seven times during hemofiltration. A rapid decrease in circulating HMGB1 was observed after every addition with no sign of saturation. Presence of HMGB1 on the filter membrane was observed on both membrane surfaces and within the bulk layer using a high concentration of HMGB1 by immunoelectron microscopy. We hypothesized that the addition of heparin to the membrane surface or filtration rate would contribute to the adsorption mechanism. We could not measure the influence of heparin and filtration. Although the membrane was too large to saturate under the μg/mL HMGB1 conditions, our results show that the AN69ST membrane has a robust absorption capacity that could be used to treat sepsis.
Functional analysis of an R311C variant of Ca2+‐calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase‐2 (CaMKK2) found as a de novo mutation in a patient with bipolar disorder
Authors: XY Ling Naomi , Langendorf Christopher G. , Hoque Ashfaqul , Galic Sandra , Loh Kim , Kemp Bruce E. , Gundlach Andrew L. , Oakhill Jonathan S. , Scott John W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesLoss‐of‐function mutations in the gene encoding the calcium‐calmodulin (Ca2+‐CaM)‐dependent protein kinase kinase‐2 (CaMKK2) enzyme are linked to bipolar disorder. Recently, a de novo arginine to cysteine (R311C) mutation in CaMKK2 was identified from a whole exome sequencing study of bipolar patients and their unaffected parents. The aim of the present study was to determine the functional consequences of the R311C mutation on CaMKK2 activity and regulation by Ca2+‐CaM.MethodsThe effects of the R311C mutation on CaMKK2 activity and Ca2+‐CaM activation were examined using a radiolabeled adenosine triphosphate (ATP) kinase assay. We performed immunoblot analysis to determine whether the R311C mutation impacts threonine‐85 (T85) autophosphorylation, an activating phosphorylation site on CaMKK2 that has also been implicated in bipolar disorder. We also expressed the R311C mutant in CaMKK2 knockout HAP1 cells and used immunoblot analysis and an MTS reduction assay to study its effects on Ca2+‐dependent downstream signaling and cell viability, respectively.ResultsThe R311C mutation maps to the conserved HRD motif within the catalytic loop of CaMKK2 and caused a marked reduction in kinase activity and Ca2+‐CaM activation. The R311C mutation virtually abolished T85 autophosphorylation in response to Ca2+‐CaM and exerted a dominant‐negative effect in cells as it impaired the ability of wild‐type CaMKK2 to initiate downstream signaling and maintain cell viability.ConclusionsThe highly disruptive, loss‐of‐function impact of the de novo R311C mutation in human CaMKK2 provides a compelling functional rationale for being considered a potential rare monogenic cause of bipolar disorder.
Predicting the presence of breast cancer using circulating small RNAs, including those in the extracellular vesicles
Authors: Koi Yumiko , Tsutani Yasuhiro , Nishiyama Yukie , Ueda Daisuke , Ibuki Yuta , Sasada Shinsuke , Akita Tomoyuki , Masumoto Norio , Kadoya Takayuki , Yamamoto Yuki , Takahashi Ryou‐u , Tanaka Junko , Okada Morihito , Tahara Hidetoshi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence indicates that small RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and their isoforms (isomiRs), and transfer RNA fragments (tRFs), are differently expressed in breast cancer (BC) and can be detected in blood circulation. Circulating small RNAs and small RNAs in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as ideal markers in small RNA‐based applications for cancer detection. In this study, we first undertook small RNA sequencing to assess the expression of circulating small RNAs in the serum of BC patients and cancer‐free individuals (controls). Expression of 3 small RNAs, namely isomiR of miR‐21‐5p (3′ addition C), miR‐23a‐3p and tRF‐Lys (TTT), was significantly higher in BC samples and was validated by small RNA sequencing in an independent cohort. Our constructed model using 3 small RNAs showed high diagnostic accuracy with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.92 and discriminated early‐stage BCs at stage 0 from control. To test the possibility that these small RNAs are released from cancer cells, we next examined EVs from the serum of BC patients and controls. Two of the 3 candidate small RNAs were identified, and shown to be abundant in EVs of BC patients. Interestingly, these 2 small RNAs are also more abundantly detected in culture media of breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231). The same tendency in selective elevation seen in total serum, serum EV, and EV derived from cell culture media could indicate the efficiency of this model using total serum of patients. These findings indicate that small RNAs serve as significant biomarkers for BC detection.
Efficient Communication in Written and Performed Music
Authors: Bonnasse‐Gahot Laurent 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSince its inception, Shannon's information theory has attracted interest for the study of language and music. Recently, a wide range of converging studies have shown how efficient communication pervades language, from phonetics to syntax. Efficient principles imply that more resources should be assigned to highly informative items. For instance, average information content was shown to be a better predictor of word length than frequency, revisiting the famous Zipf's law. However, in spite of the success of the efficient communication framework in the study of language and speech, very little work has investigated its relevance in the analysis of music. Here, we examine the organization of harmonic information in two large corpora of Western music, one made of MIDI files directly sequenced from scores, and the other made of MIDI recordings of live performances of highly skilled piano players. We show that there is a clear positive relationship between (contextual) information content of harmonic sequences and two essential musical properties, namely duration and loudness: the more unexpected a harmonic event is, the longer and the louder it is.
Pathological manifestation of the induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cortical neurons from an early‐onset Alzheimer's disease patient carrying a presenilin‐1 mutation (S170F)
Authors: Li Ling , Kim Hee Jin , Roh Jee Hoon , Kim Minchul , Koh Wonyoung , Kim Younghoon , Heo Hyohoon , Chung Jaehoon , Nakanishi Mahito , Yoon Taeyoung , Hong Chang Pyo , Seo Sang Won , Na Duk L. , Song Jihwan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease which is characterized by the formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. These abnormal proteins induce disturbance in mitochondrial dynamics and defect in autophagy system. Since presenilin‐1 (PS1) is a core component in γ‐secretase complex, the mutations of PS1 gene cause the interference of γ‐secretase activity and lead to the increased Aβ42 secretion. We aimed to characterize the patient‐specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line carrying PS1‐S170F mutation. Furthermore, we tested whether disease‐modifying drug can reduce AD pathology in the AD iPSC‐derived neurons.Materials and methodsMononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated freshly from the peripheral blood of an autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) patient carrying presenilin‐1 (PS1) mutation (Ser170Phe; PS1‐S170F) and a cognitively normal control. We generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines, which were differentiated into functional cortical neurons. Then, we measured the markers indicative of AD pathogenesis using immunocytochemistry and Western blot. We also investigated the mitochondrial dynamics in the AD iPSC‐derived neurons using Mito‐tracker.ResultsWe observed that both extracellular and intracellular Aβ levels were dramatically increased in the PS1‐S170F iPSC‐derived neurons, compared with the control iPSC‐derived neurons. Furthermore, PS1‐S170F iPSC‐derived neurons showed high expression levels of p‐Tau, which were detected both in the soma and neurites. The mitochondrial velocity in the PS1‐S170F iPSC‐derived neurons was much reduced, compared with that of the control. We also found a significant decrease of fusion‐related protein Mfn1 (membrane proteins mitofusin 1) and an increase of fission‐related protein DRP1 (dynamin‐related protein 1) in the PS1‐S170F iPSC‐derived neurons. We further observed the defects of autophagy‐related clearance in the PS1‐S170F iPSC‐derived neurons. Finally, we demonstrated the levels of Aβ and p‐Tau can be dramatically reduced by the treatment of LY‐2886721, a BACE1 inhibitor.ConclusionsTaken together, we have established and characterized the pathological features of an AD patient carrying PS1‐S170F mutation using iPSC technology, which will be the first case on this mutation and this iPSC line will serve as a useful resource for studying AD pathogenesis and drug screening in the future.
Adherence to COPD free triple inhaled therapy in the real world: a primary care based study
Authors: Zucchelli Alberto , Vetrano Davide L. , Bianchini Elisa , Lombardo Francesco Paolo , Piraino Alessio , Zibellini Marco , Ricci Alberto , Marengoni Alessandra , Lapi Francesco , Cricelli Claudio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe development of new pharmacological treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has improved health‐related quality of life of patients. However, suboptimal adherence may limit its potential.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to assess the adherence to free triple inhaled therapy and to investigate poor adherence determinants among primary care patients.MethodsData were derived from a primary care database in Italy. Patients aged 40+ affected by COPD and prescribed with inhaled corticosteroids, long‐acting beta agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (N = 3177) were enrolled. Low adherence was defined as a proportion of days covered (PDC) by medications prescription lower than 80%. Predictors of low adherence were tested using logistic regression models.Results and conclusionsThe 85% of enrolled patients showed poor adherence to free triple inhaled therapy. Comorbidities, such as heart failure (OR 1.78, 95%CI 1.19‐2.75), depression (OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.06‐1.88) and peripheral vascular disease (OR 1.32, 95%CI 1.01‐1.74) were associated with poor adherence. Former (OR 0.52, 95%CI 0.34‐0.78) or current smokers (OR 0.61, 95%CI 0.41‐0.93) and patients with more severe airways obstruction or history of severe exacerbations (OR 0.64, 95%CI 0.52‐0.79) were less likely to exhibit poor adherence. Real‐world adherence to triple inhaled therapy with different inhalers is generally low. Higher GOLD airways obstruction stage and current or former smoking status are associated with increased adherence to treatment. Reduced perceived benefit on symptoms control is probably linked to poorer adherence to free triple therapy.
Relationship between spirometry results and colonisation of Aspergillus species in allergic asthma
Authors: Vakili Mahshid , Aliyali Masoud , Mortezaee Vida , Mahdaviani Seyed Alireza , Poorabdollah Mihan , Mirenayat Maryam Sadat , Fakharian Atefeh , Hassanzad Maryam , Abastabar Mahdi , Yazdani Charati Jamshid , Haghani Iman , Tavakoli Mahin , Maleki Maedeh , Armstrong‐James Darius , Hedayati Mohammad T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroduction and objectivesExposure to fungi in patients with asthma leads to the release of various fungal antigens, which can increase the severity of asthma. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the colonisation of Aspergillus species and spirometry results in allergic asthma.Materials and methodsTwo hundred sixteen patients with mild to severe asthma and 30 healthy controls were included. All participants underwent pulmonary function tests. Furthermore, sputum samples were collected from each subject. Each sputum sample was subjected to direct microscopic examination and fungal culture. All cultured Aspergillus colonies were identified at species level by molecular methods. Finally, all available data from sputum culture and spirometry test were analysed.ResultsOut of 216 sputum samples, 145 (67.1%) were positive for fungal growth. Furthermore, out of 264 grown fungal colonies, 137 (51.9%) were Aspergillus species. Among the Aspergillus isolates, A. flavus (29.2%) was the most prevalent species, followed by A. fumigatus (27.7%). The mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in the mild, moderate and severe asthmatic patients with a positive sputum culture for fungi were obtained as 90.0 ± 11.1, 71.1 ± 15.9 and 54.9 ± 16.4, respectively. In general, Aspergillus species colonisation had no statistically significant effect on spirometry results of study patients.ConclusionOur results showed that there is no difference in the FEV1 and forced vital capacity between Aspergillus positive and negative patients in any asthma severity group.