bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Situs Lumpang Batu dan Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa SMA
Authors: Misnah Misnah 
Published: October 2020

Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh media pembelajaran situs lumpang dan motivasi belajar siswa terhadap hasil belajar sejarah siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian quasi experimental dengan design faktorial 2Ã—2. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SMAN 1 Sigi Kabupaten Sigi Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan simple random sampling. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 32 siswa. Untuk memperoleh data dalam penelitian ini, digunakan instrumen berupa tes hasil belajar siswa, angket motivasi belajar dan lembar observasi. Analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif menggunakan uji Anava. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) hasil belajar sejarah siswa dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran situs lumpang batu lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran konvensional dengan media pembelajaran power point; 2) terdapat interaksi positif antara media pembelajaran situs lumpang batu terhadap hasil belajar sejarah siswa; 3) terdapat interaksi positif antara motivasi belajar; 4)tidak ada interaksi antara media pembelajaran dan motivasi belajar.
Kata kunci: sejarah, media pembelajaran, situs lumpang batu, hasil belajar, motivasi belajar.
Pengaruh Motivasi dan Dukungan Sosial terhadap Self Efficacy Mahasiswa dalam Mengikuti Pendidikan Teologi di Fakultas Teologi -UKIM
Authors: Pattinama Claartje 
Published: October 2020

This study aims to measure the effect of motivation and social support on students self-efficacy in attending theological education. This research is a quantitative study, with research subjects being students of the Theology Faculty - UKIM. Data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results showed that: Motivation with indicators of intellectual knowledge and parental expectations for students had a positive and significant effect on students self efficacy in attending Theological education, as well as social support with information indicators and emotional support had a positive and significant direct effect on self efficacy in students. This concludes that there is a positive and significant influence between motivation and social support on students' self-efficacy in attending theological education at the Theology Faculty of the Indonesian Christian University of Maluku in the hope that when they graduate they will be able to develop their theological education as pastors in the congregation and teachers of Christian Religious Education and in school.
BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL INSIGHTS FROM THE PRESERVATIONAL VARIABILITY OF FUNISIA DOROTHEA, EDIACARA MEMBER, SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Authors: SURPRENANT RACHEL L. , GEHLING JAMES G. , DROSER MARY L. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The Ediacara Biota represents a turning point in the evolution of life on Earth, signifying the transition from single celled organisms to complex, community-forming macrobiota. The exceptional fossil record of the soft-bodied Ediacara Biota provides critical insight into the nature of this transition and into ecosystem dynamics leading up to the so-called “Cambrian Explosion”. However, the preservation of non-biomineralizing organisms in a diversity of lithologies goes hand-in-hand with considerable taphonomic complexity that often shrouds true paleoecological and paleobiological signatures. We address the nature of this taphonomic complexity within the fossiliferous sandstones of the Ediacara Member in South Australia. Utilizing the most fossiliferous outcropping of the Ediacara Member, located at the Nilpena Station National Heritage Ediacara Fossil Site, we conduct a focused, taxon-level biostratinomic characterization of the tubular organism Funisia dorothea. Funisia is the most abundant body fossil in the Ediacara Member, making the characterization of its preservational variability essential to the accurate interpretation of regional paleobiology and paleoecology. We describe remarkable biostratinomic complexity in all Funisia populations at Nilpena, identifying four distinct preservational variants of internal and external molds and four additional successive biostratinomic grades corresponding to loss of external characters. Synthesis of these observations identify the most robust preservational forms of Funisia for use in paleobiological interpretation and highlight the important impact that Funisia's high abundance had on regional paleoecology and on population-scale preservation in the Ediacara Member.
Thermal And Chemical Resistance Of Plasma Sprayed Al2o3, Al2o3-Tio2 Coatings
Authors: Šuopys Airingas , Marcinauskas Liutauras , Kėželis Romualdas , Aikas Mindaugas , Uscila Rolandas , Tučkutė Simona , Lelis Martynas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this article, the results of thermal and chemical resistance, of plasma sprayed Al2O3 and Al2O3-13wt.TiO2 coatings on a steel (P265GH) sample are presented. Coatings were formed using air-hydrogen plasma direct current plasma torch at atmospheric pressure. The resistance of coatings was measured by analyzing surface structure, elemental and phase composition of as sprayed coatings and after several heating cycles, imitating application conditions. To make this technology more appealing, by decreasing exploitation cost of standard cast iron grate used in straw pellet broilers, we used cheaper stainless steel with a protective Al2O3 and Al2O3-13wt.% TiO2 coatings. Most of the research done in this field is by using Ar as primary gas, but to decrease the manufacturing cost even further we used Air as primary gas. It was determined that after heat treatment the minor changes in the elemental composition were observed. Meanwhile an additional crystalline phases of metal oxides were detected.
Psychometric properties of satisfaction with the childbirth education class questionnaire for Iranian population
Authors: Hassanzadeh Robab , Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Abbas-Alizadeh Fatemeh , Meedya Shahla , Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi Sakineh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Childbirth preparation classes can reduce pregnant women’s anxiety and fear for their childbirth. However, to evaluate women’s feedback and their satisfaction with these classes, there is a need for a standard instrument that is suitable for Iranian context. This study is aimed to translate and conduct a psychometric analysis of the Satisfaction with the Childbirth Education Class Questionnaire (SCECQ) for Iranian population. Methods: The questionnaire was translated from English into Persian through the forward-backward translation method. The cluster sampling method was employed to select 205 pregnant women with gestational age of 35-37 weeks from all health complexes of Tabriz, Iran. The face, content, and construct validity of the research instrument were assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were measured to evaluate the overall reliability of the questionnaire.Results: The impact scores of all items were above 1.5. The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) of the questionnaire were 0.88 and 0.94, respectively. The convergent construct validity of the whole questionnaire and those of its three subscales were confirmed through the exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The factor loadings of no items were below 0.3, and the X2⁄df ratio was smaller than 5. The overall model validity was confirmed by having the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) smaller than 0.08. Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were 0.93 and 0.96, respectively, indicating the acceptable reliability of the questionnaire.Conclusion: The Persian version of this questionnaire, entitled SCECQ is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring Iranian women’s satisfaction with childbirth education classes.
Phone-based audience response system as an adjunct in orthodontic teaching of undergraduate dental students: a cross-over randomised controlled trial&nbsp;
Authors: Alharbi Fahad , Alazmi Khulud , Momani Bashar R. El , Al-Muzian Lubna , Wertheimer Mark , Almukhtar Anas , Almuzian Mohammed 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The advent of electronic teaching facilities improves tutor-student communication. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of Phone-Based Audience Response System (PB-ARS), as an adjunctive pedagogy tool to enhance the retention of orthodontic information by dental students; and to explore the students’ perception of PB-ARS. Methods: This cross-over clustered randomised control trial included 34 males who were in the final year of their undergraduate dental training. Participants were allocated to one of two event groups (G1 and G2) using computer-generated randomisation. Both groups simultaneously attended two different traditional lectures (L 1 and L2) a week apart. During L1, PB-ARS was used as an adjunct to conventional presentation to teach G1 participants, (PB-ARS group) while G2’s participants acted as a control group (CG), and were taught using a traditional presentation. In the second week (L2), the interventions were crossed-over. Participants from both groups completed pre- and post-lecture multiple-choice questionnaires (MCQ) to assess their short-term retention of information. Their performance in the final MCQ exam (10 weeks following L2) was tracked to assess the long-term retention of the information. Participants also completed post-lecture questionnaires to evaluate their perceptions. Results: 29 and 31 participants from the CG and PB-ARS group completed this trial, respectively. Although 87.5% of students in the PB-ARS group showed an improvement in their immediate post-lecture scores compared with 79.3% for the CG, it was statistically insignificant (p= 0.465). Similarly, the intervention showed an insignificant effect on the long-term retention of the knowledge (p=0.560).There was a mildly but favourable attitude of students towards the use of PB-ARS. However, the difference in the overall level of satisfaction between both groups was statistically insignificant (p=0.183).Conclusion: PB-ARS has a minimal and insignificant effect on the short- and long-term retention of orthodontic knowledge by male undergraduate dental students. PB-ARS was the preferred adjunct tool to conventional classroom teaching. Due to the limitations of this trial, a long-term randomised controlled trial with a larger sample size is recommended.
Development of significant disease in a cohort of patients with non-specific enteritis on capsule endoscopy. Clinical suspicion and a high base line Lewis score are predictive of Crohn’s disease.
Authors: Sihag Sandeep , Tan Brandon , Semenov Serhiy , Ismail Mohd Syafiq , Ryan Barbara , O'Connor Anthony , Breslin Niall , Douglas Atiyekeogbebe Rita , McNamara Deirdre 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: As with isolated ileitis the findings of nonspecific small bowel enteritis (NSE) on capsule endoscopy (CE) poses a clinical challenge. There is lack of available evidence to help clinicians to predict significant disease and long-term prognosis. Methods: We aimed to define the natural history of NSE in an Irish cohort. Patients with a finding of NSE were identified from a database. Subsequent investigations, treatments and diagnosis were recorded. Patients were grouped based on ultimate diagnosis: Crohn’s disease (CD), Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), NSAIDs enteritis (NSAIDs), persistent NSE and no significant disease (NAD). Results: 88 patients, 46 (52%) male, mean age 52 +- 17.8 years were included with a mean follow up of 23 +- 19 months. The ultimate diagnoses were NAD=43 (49%), CD =17 (19%), IBS =14 (16%), NSAIDs =12 (14%) and persistent NSE=2 (2%). Significantly, more patients diagnosed with CD on follow up were referred with suspected CD. CD= 14/17 (82%) vs 13/57 (23%), p < 0.001. While a diagnosis of CD was associated with a positive baseline Lewis score (>135); 11/17 (65%) CD versus 16/ 71 (23%). Female gender was associated with an ultimate diagnosis of IBS (OR 5, p <0.02). Older age was associated with NSAIDs enteritis, while more subjects without significant gastrointestinal disease were anemic on presentation. Conclusion: The majority (49%) of NSE patients do not develop significant small bowel disease. CD occurred in 19% of NSE patients on follow up. Clinical suspicion and capsule severity are predictive of Crohn’s disease on initial CE.
More fuel to the fire: Some patients with non-celiac self-reported wheat sensitivity exhibit adaptive immunological responses in duodenal mucosa.
Authors: Castillo-Rodal Antonia Isabel , Furuzawa-Carballeda Janette , Pelaez-Luna Mario , Castro-Gomez Jose , Lopez-Vidal Yolanda , Uscanga Luis Federico 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: In contrast to the well characterized Celiac Disease (CD), the clinical scenarios encompassed by non-celiac self-reported wheat sensitivity might be related to different antigens that trigger distinct immune-inflammatory reactions. Although an increased number of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) is observed at the inception of both diseases, subsequent immunopathogenic pathways seem to be different. We aimed to describe the cytokine profile showcased by the duodenal mucosa of patients with self-reported wheat sensitivity.Methods: In a blind, cross-sectional study, we included duodenal biopsies from 15 consecutive untreated patients with active CD, 9 individuals with self-reported NCSRWS and 10 subjects with dyspepsia without CD and food intolerances. Using Immunohistochemistry and flow- cytometry we determined the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokine expressing monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells involved in innate immune activation, cytokine-driven polarization and maintenance of Th1 and Th17/Th 22, and anti-inflammatory/profibrogenic cytokines. Results: The percentage of cells expressing all tested cytokines in lamina propria and epithelium was higher in CD patients than control group. Cytokines that induce and maintain Th1 and Th17 polarization were higher in CD than in NCSRWS and controls; and higher in NCSRWS compared to controls. Similar differences were detected in the expression of IL-4 and TGF- β1, while IL-10-expressing cells were lower in NCSRWS patients than in controls and CD subjects. Conclusions : NCSRWS patients exhibit components of both, innate and adaptive immune mechanisms but to a lesser extent compared to CD.
The IL-6 rs12700386 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis in the knee in the Chinese Han population: a case-control study
Authors: Yang Hui , Zhou Xindie , Xu Dongmei , Chen Gang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: This case-control study aims to examine the association between the Interleukin-6 (IL-6) rs12700386 polymorphism and the increased risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA) in the knee in the Chinese Han population.Methods: We extracted DNA from 763 subjects (352 OA patients and 411 healthy controls). The relative expression levels of IL-6 in blood samples of patients with knee OA was determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used for genotyping the IL-6 gene polymorphism.Results: We found that the IL-6 polymorphism rs12700386 enhanced patient susceptibility to developing knee OA. Based on a subgroup analysis, the risk of developing knee OA was elevated in smokers, drinkers, and subjects ≥ 55 years old or with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. The combination of smoking, drinking, and having the rs12700386 genotype led to an increase in the risk of developing knee OA, indicating that an underlying interaction between gene and environment exists. The rs12700386 genotype was found to be correlated with an increase in IL-6 expression. We also found that IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the CC genotype compared to the GG genotype carriers in OA patients.Conclusion: These data suggest that the rs12700386 polymorphism in the IL-6 gene leads to an increase in the risk of knee OA in Chinese Han individuals.
Willingness to perform induced abortion and associated factors among graduating Midwifery, Medical, Nursing, and Public health officer students of University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: Institution based Cross sectional study
Authors: Enyew Mihretu Molla 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: In developing countries, abortion is often unsafe and a signiﬁcant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality accounting for about 8% (4.7%–13.2%) of maternal mortality worldwide. Internationally, safe abortion services are recognized as reducing maternal mortality, and liberalized abortion laws are associated with reduced mortality resulting from unsafe abortion procedures. However, health care providers have moral, social and gender-based reservations that affects their willingness towards providing induced abortion services. The purpose of this study was to assess willingness to perform induced abortion and associated factors among graduating Midwifery, Medical, Nursing, and Public health officer students of University of Gondar. Methods: Institution based cross sectional study was conducted from March 29 to May 30, 2019. All graduating students available during data collection period were considered as study population. Stratified simple random sampling technique was used to select 424 study participants. Pre tested, semi- structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Ethical clearance was obtained from School of midwifery under the delegation of institutional review board of university of Gondar. Results: 290 students out of 424 students were willing to perform induced abortion for indications supported by Ethiopian abortion law, making a proportion of 68.4% (95%Cl: 64.2, 72.9). Sex (Being male (AOR = 4.89, 95%CI: 3.02, 7.89)), religion (being orthodox than protestant (AOR = 10.41, 95%CI: 3.02, 21.57)), being Muslim than protestant (AOR = 5.73, 95%CI: 1.37, 15.92)) and having once or less a week religious attendance (AOR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.34) were factors associated with willingness towards performing induced abortion. Conclusions: According to this study willingness of students towards providing induced abortion services was good. However female students, protestant followers and those students with more than once a week religious attendance should be encouraged to support women’s access to induced abortion services by referring them to other health care professionals willing to provide induced abortion services..
High NEMO score values in nailfold videocapillaroscopy are associated with the subsequent development of ischemic digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis.
Authors: Papa Nicoletta Del , Pignataro Francesca , Maglione Wanda , Minniti Antonina , Sambataro Domenico , Sambataro Gianluca , Valentini Gabriele , Caporali Roberto , Vitali Claudio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) is a feasible method that allows the observation of the microvascular changes that mark the course of systemic sclerosis (SSc). In previous studies we demonstrated that the NEMO score, i.e., the cumulative number of microhaemorrhages and microthromboses, is a good indicator of the steady state level and overtime changes of disease activity (DA) in SSc.Objectives To verify whether high NEMO scores, which mirror a very active microvascular derangement in the fingers, may be associated with the subsequent development of ischemic digital ulcers (IDUs).Methods The NEMO score was assessed at baseline (T0) in 98 patients with SSc, all classified according to the ACR-EULAR criteria. Of them, 90 were females, 48 had the limited and 50 the diffuse cutaneous variant of SSc. Afterwards, the patients were closely followed up for two years, and the appearance of new IDUs recorded at any time of the follow up.The T0-NEMO score values of patients who developed IDUs were compared to those of patients who did not. A receiver operating curve (ROC) was constructed, and the area under the curve (AUC) calculated by plotting the sensitivity and 1-specificity of the different NEMO score values in predicting the subsequent development of IDUs.Results During the follow-up 38 out of 98 patients developed one or more IDUs. The NEMO score at T0 was significantly higher in those who developed IDUs with respect to those who did not [median 14.5 (95%CI 11.0-21.5), and 4.5 (95%CI 4.0-6.0), respectively, p<.0001]. The ROC curve derived from different T0-NEMO score values had an AUC of 0.79 (95%CI 0.69-0.86, p<0.0001)]. A NEMO score of ≥12 had a sensitivity of 83.3% (95%CI 71.5-91.7), and a specificity of 63.2% (95%CI 46.0-78.2), with positive (P) and negative (N) predictive (PV) values of 58.9% (95%CI 44.7-72.2), and 85.6% (71.8-94.4), respectively. A NEMO score of ≥16 had a sensitivity of 95.0% (95%CI 86.1-99.0), and a NPV of 93.4% (77.5-99.2).Conclusions Being a valid tool to measure DA levels in SSc, the NEMO score also appears to be closely related to the subsequent development of IDUs in this disease.
Optimal Intermittent Administration Interval of parathyroid hormone 1-34 for Bone Morphogenetic Protein-Induced Bone Formation in a Rat Spinal Fusion Model
Authors: Abe Tetsutaro , Miyazaki Masashi , Ishihara Toshinobu , Kanezaki Shozo , Tsubouchi Yuhta , Kataoka Masashi , Tsumura Hiroshi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Summary of Background Data. Both bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) have been used to enhance bone healing. There is still no established opinion as to the optimum dose and administration method. We investigated to clarify the optimal dose and administration method for the combination of BMP-2 and PTH in a rat spinal fusion model.Methods. A total of 52 rats were performed spinal fusion and were divided into four groups. Group I (n = 10) was implanted with control carrier. Group II (n = 14) was implanted with carrier containing 3 μg of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2). Group III (n = 14) was implanted with carrier containing 3 μg of rhBMP-2, followed by injections of PTH three times a week (total, 180μg/kg/week). Group IV (n = 14) was implanted with carrier containing 3 μg of rhBMP-2, followed by injections of PTH six times a week (total, 180μg/kg/week). The rats were euthanized after 8 weeks and their spines were explanted and assessed by manual palpation, radiographs, and high-resolution micro computerized tomography (micro-CT); the spines were also subjected to histological analysis. Serum markers of bone metabolism were also analyzed.Results. Manual palpation tests showed that the fusion rates of Groups III (28.6%) and IV (35.7%) were considerably higher than those of Group I. Groups III and IV had higher radiographic scores compared to Group I. Micro-CT analysis revealed enhanced bone marrow density expressed as bone volume/tissue volume in Group IV ( 54.20 ± 2.49%) versus Group I ( 38.56 ± 7.78%). Serum makers analysis revealed that Group IV had higher osteocalcin and lower tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b than those of Group III. A histological analysis indicated that Group VI had enhanced remodeling. Conclusions. The combination of rhBMP-2 and PTH enhanced bone fusion and remodeling of newly formed bone in a rat spinal fusion model. More frequent administration may be superior in terms of bone fusion and bone metabolism.