bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of insoluble PABPN1 accumulation in the diagnosis of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
Authors: Galimberti V. , Tironi R. , Lerario A. , Scali M. , Del Bo R. , Rodolico C. , Brizzi T. , Gibertini S. , Maggi L. , Mora M. , Toscano A. , Comi G. P. , Sciacco M. , Moggio M. , Peverelli L. 
Published: November 2019

Background and purposeThe aim was to assess the value of insoluble PABPN1 muscle fibre nuclei accumulation in the diagnosis of atypical cases of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD).MethodsMuscle biopsies from a selected cohort of 423 adult patients from several Italian neuromuscular centres were analysed by immunofluorescence: 30 muscle biopsies of genetically proven OPMD, 30 biopsies from patients not affected by neuromuscular disorders, 220 from genetically undiagnosed patients presenting ptosis or swallowing disturbances, progressive lower proximal weakness and/or isolated rimmed vacuoles at muscle biopsy and 143 muscle biopsies of patients affected by other neuromuscular diseases.ResultsThe detection of insoluble nuclear PABPN1 accumulation is rapid, sensitive (100%) and specific (96%). The revision of our cohort allowed us to discover 23 new OPMD cases out of 220 patients affected with nonspecific muscle diseases.ConclusionsOculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is often misdiagnosed leading to diagnosis delay, causing waste of time and resources. A great number of these cases present symptoms and histological findings frequently overlapping with other muscle diseases, i.e. inclusion body myositis and progressive external ophthalmoplegia. PABPN1 nuclear accumulation is a reliable method for diagnostic purposes and it is safe and useful in helping pathologists and clinicians to direct genetic analysis in the case of suspected OPMD, even when clinical and histological clues are deceptive.
Automated detection of hippocampal sclerosis using clinically empirical and radiomics features
Authors: Mo Jiajie , Liu Zhenyu , Sun Kai , Ma Yanshan , Hu Wenhan , Zhang Chao , Wang Yao , Wang Xiu , Liu Chang , Zhao Baotian , Zhang Kai , Zhang Jianguo , Tian Jie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTemporal lobe epilepsy is a common form of epilepsy that might be amenable to surgery. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐negative hippocampal sclerosis (HS) can hamper early diagnosis and surgical intervention for patients in clinical practice, resulting in disease progression. Our aim was to automatically detect and evaluate the structural alterations of HS.MethodsEighty patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy and histologically proven HS and 80 healthy controls were included in the study. Two automated classifiers relying on clinically empirical and radiomics features were developed to detect HS. Cross‐validation was implemented on all participants, and specificity was assessed in the 80 controls. The performance, robustness, and clinical utility of the model were also evaluated. Structural analysis was performed to investigate the morphological abnormalities of HS.ResultsThe computational model based on clinical empirical features showed excellent performance, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.981 in the primary cohort and 0.993 in the validation cohort. One of the features, gray‐white matter boundary blurring in the temporal pole, exhibited the highest weight in model performance. Another model based on radiomics features also showed satisfactory performance, with AUC of 0.997 in the primary cohort and 0.978 in the validation cohort. In particular, the model improved the detection rate of MRI‐negative HS to 96.0%. The novel feature of cortical folding complexity of the temporal pole not only played a crucial role in the classifier but also had significant correlation with disease duration.SignificanceMachine learning with quantitative clinical and radiomics features is shown to improve HS detection. HS‐related structural alterations were similar in the MRI‐positive and MRI‐negative HS patient groups, indicating that misdiagnosis originates mainly from empirical interpretation. The cortical folding complexity of the temporal pole is a potentially valuable feature for exploring the nature of HS.
Diagnosis and treatment of mastitis in mares
Authors: Canisso I. F. , Podico G. , Ellerbrock R. E. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryInfection and inflammation of the udder (mastitis) is a common condition affecting all domestic mammals, but it appears to be less prevalent in mares than in dairy cows and dairy goats. The seemingly reduced incidence of mastitis in mares can be partially explained by the smaller size and relatively concealed location of the mare’s udder, coupled with a smaller storage capacity than cows and goats. Mastitis can affect lactating, peripartum, dry mares, mares at dry‐off or prepubertal foals. Common clinical signs include swollen mammary tissue, abnormal mammary gland secretion, fever and anorexia; less common signs are hindlimb lameness and a swollen mammary vein. On rare occasions, mastitis pathogens can severely affect the nursing foal and mares may develop fibrotic tissue and consequent agalactia in the side(s) or quarter(s) affected. Based on the clinical presentation, mastitis can be classified as acute or chronic, and clinical or subclinical. Diagnosis is based on the clinical signs aided with aerobic culture and cytological evaluation of the gland secretion. In addition, these ancillary tests can also be used to assess prognosis and duration of treatment. Mares suffering from mastitis may present neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenaemia. Treatment for mastitis includes antimicrobial therapy (systemic and/or locally), nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, frequent milking and cold hosing with/without hot‐packing applied on the gland. While the frequent monitoring of mares after weaning and reducing food intake should be part of common practices at weaning, cleaning of the udder, control of insect populations and frequent milking of mares with a foal unable to nurse can also aid in preventing mastitis.
Caveolin‐1 as a possible target in the treatment for acne
Authors: Kruglikov Ilja L. , Scherer Philipp E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExpression of caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) is an important pathophysiological factor in acne. Cav‐1 strongly interacts with such well‐recognized etiopathogenic factors such as hyperseborrhea, follicular hyperkeratinization and pathogenicity of Cutibacterium acnes. Cav‐1 is a strong negative regulator of transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) expression. It acts as a critical determinant of autophagy, which is significantly induced in acne lesions through C. acnes and by absorption of fatty acids. Cav‐1 also demonstrates different correlations with the development of innate immunity. We propose that normalization of Cav‐1 expression can serve as a target in anti‐acne therapy.
Catalytic subunit exchanges in the cellulosomes produced by Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum suggest unexpected dynamics and adaptability of their enzymatic composition
Authors: Borne Romain , Dao Ti Minh‐Uyen , Fierobe Henri‐Pierre , Vita Nicolas , Tardif Chantal , Pagès Sandrine 
Published: November 2019

Cellulosomes are complex nanomachines produced by cellulolytic anaerobic bacteria such as Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum (formerly known as Clostridium cellulolyticum). Cellulosomes are composed of a scaffoldin protein displaying several cohesin modules on which enzymatic components can bind to through their dockerin module. Although cellulosomes have been studied for decades, very little is known about the dynamics of complex assembly. We have investigated the ability of some dockerin‐bearing enzymes to chase the catalytic subunits already bound onto a miniscaffoldin displaying a single cohesin. The stability of the preassembled enzyme–scaffoldin complex appears to depend on the nature of the dockerin, and we have identified a key position in the dockerin sequence that is involved in the stability of the complex with the cohesin. Depending on the residue occupying this position, the dockerin can establish with the cohesin partner either a nearly irreversible or a reversible interaction, independently of the catalytic domain associated with the dockerin. Site‐directed mutagenesis of this residue can convert a dockerin able to form a highly stable complex with the miniscaffoldin into a reversible complex forming one and vice versa. We also show that refunctionalization can occur with natural purified cellulosomes. Altogether, our results shed light on the dynamics of cellulosomes, especially their capacity to be remodeled even after their assembly is ‘achieved’, suggesting an unforeseen adaptability of their enzymatic composition over time.
Adolescent maturation of the prefrontal cortex: Role of stress and sex in shaping adult risk for compromise
Authors: Shaw Gladys A. , Dupree Jeffrey L. , Neigh Gretchen N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAdolescence is a highly dynamic period of development, which includes the final organizational phases of neural maturation within the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The organizational events of neural pruning and myelination occur in a sex‐specific manner, potentially giving rise to the disparities in mood disorders in adulthood. Because of the extended developmental time period of the PFC, environmental insults, including psychosocial stressors, may play a major role in steering the maturation of this region. In this review, the literature surrounding the sex specific alterations that occur in the PFC in rodent models following adolescent stress will be discussed. This will be complimented by a brief review on the state of human research in PFC sex differences in the development of white matter and cytoarchitecture across the lifespan. Taken together, the impact of developmental psychosocial stress on the circuitry of the PFC and resulting adult phenotypes will be summarized with a focus on the importance of considering sex differences in order to build a better understanding of developmental influences on adult disorders.
Lupin seed coat as a promising food ingredient: physicochemical, nutritional, antioxidant properties, and effect of genotype and environment
Authors: Zhong Liezhou , Ali Hayder , Fang Zhongxiang , Wahlqvist Mark L. , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Johnson Stuart K. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe high proportion of seed coat of legume lupins results in big milling lose during kernel flour production, though the seed coat could be value‐added as human food. The physicochemical and nutritional properties and antioxidant capacities of seed coats of six Australian sweet lupin cultivars grown at two locations were evaluated. Results showed that genotype, environment and their interaction were significant for seed coat percentage, proximate composition, dietary fibre content, polyphenols and antioxidant capacities. Strong correlations between seed coat lightness and polyphenol content were found. A comparison using multivariate analysis of the seed coat properties showed clear separation based on growing sites. This study indicates the enormous potential of Australian sweet lupin seed coat as an ‘antioxidant dietary fibre’ food source. The results could also benefit to breed varieties with desirable levels of nutrients and phytochemicals.
Peripheral blood schistocytes in the acute phase after allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation assessed by digital microscopy
Authors: Karakioulaki Meropi , Martinez Maria , Medinger Michael , Heim Dominik , Passweg Jakob R. , Tsakiris Dimitrios A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionEarly detection of endothelial graft‐vs‐host disease (GVHD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) might help protect the patient from the late and severe complications of transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA‐TMA). Appearance of schistocytes in peripheral blood is one of the cardinal diagnostic features of TA‐TMA. Our aim was to test the diagnostic accuracy and objectiveness of digital microscopy with respect to the recognition and quantification of schistocytes in the setting of endothelial GVHD.MethodsPeripheral blood smears from 127 allogeneic and 63 autologous HSCT patients (January 2016‐June 2017) were retrospectively examined before, 1 month and at 2‐3 months after transplantation using digital microscopy. Peripheral blood smears from 31 healthy blood donors were also analyzed as the control group.ResultsAssessment by digital microscopy showed that schistocytes are significantly increased after 3 months from the allogeneic (P < .001) or the autologous HSCT (P < .001) compared to the control group. Significantly higher schistocyte counts were found in patients with acute GVHD (P = .05) and in patients with HLA mismatch (P = .005). Patients in the upper quartile of the schistocyte counts had significantly more frequently acute GVHD (P = .024) or HLA mismatch (P = .035).ConclusionsSchistocytes can be reliably counted by means of a digital microscopy system and are significantly higher in patients with acute GVHD and HLA mismatch. Inversely, patients with the highest numbers of schistocytes are more frequently affected by aGVHD, implying that high schistocyte counts after HSCT might be a surrogate marker for this complication.
Preverbal communication complexity in infants
Authors: Salley Brenda , Brady Nancy C. , Hoffman Lesa , Fleming Kandace 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe development of prelinguistic communication in typically developing infants is marked by changes in complexity as well as frequency, yet most measures focus on frequency. In the current study, we used the Communication Complexity Scale (CCS) to measure prelinguistic complexity of typically developing infants in a cross‐sectional sample of 6‐, 8‐, 10‐, and 12‐month‐olds (N = 204) during semi‐structured play interaction. For each toy/interactive episode, infants’ highest level of communication complexity (ranging from 0 for no response to 12 for multi‐word verbalization), for both joint attention (i.e., social) and behavior regulation (e.g., requesting) functions, was scored. In addition, the same interaction was coded for frequency of all prelinguistic communication acts. Results of multivariate models indicated age‐related differences in prelinguistic complexity. Measures of prelinguistic complexity and frequency evidenced moderate to strong correlations, with age‐related differences by function (joint attention and behavior regulation). Significant associations with parent‐report communication questionnaires were observed for both complexity and frequency measures. Results indicate that evaluating complexity of infant preverbal communication skill with the CCS is a valuable approach that can meaningfully index developmental differences in prelinguistic and early linguistic communication.
Race and ‘Disability Passing’ in a Chicago Public School Art Classroom
Authors: Stabler Albert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRace, history and visibility have a great deal to do with how disability operated socially and educationally in the Chicago public high school art classroom where I taught for ten years. I am severely near‐sighted, and I am also white, educated and often, but not consistently, able to pass for non‐disabled. A large number of my students were identified as having learning, emotional and behavioural disabilities, diagnoses which were certainly conditioned by the institution, but diagnoses which perhaps also underrepresented the amount of socially and historically occasioned impairment or debility that existed in the low‐income majority‐Black community served by my school. In this article I reflect on the overlapping social performances that occurred in terms of ‘disability passing’, a state that can characterise both hidden and exaggerated or invented impairments. My reflections examine my own individual experience in contrast to the long‐term experience of the African diaspora in and beyond the USA, in order to think about other ways to parse the complex factors determining how disability plays out in educational environments.
Queering the Art Classroom: Queering Matters
Authors: Millett Tabitha Verity Patience 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSince 2003, successive British governments have taken steps to develop legislation supporting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning / queer, intersex, asexual and those who are gender / sexuality non‐conforming more generally (LGBTQIA+). In doing so, they have foregrounded the need for educational institutions to respond proactively to this legislation. There is evidence to suggest that homophobia is prominent in UK schools, yet measures to address the issue have largely rested on schools and LGBTQIA+ charities, reducing discussions of homosexuality to anti‐bullying discourses and introducing curriculum modifications that are overwhelmingly homonormative. The limitations of these current approaches ignore the societal and institutional power structures that help to produce homophobia, which is often referred to as heteronormativity. Drawing on aspects of new materialist and queer theoretical perspectives, this article follows the findings of a research project that focused on developing an intervention at GCSE level, exploring non‐normative genders and sexualities in the art curriculum. The research project was based on a class in a secondary school in North London from 2017 to 2018. Through the application of a pedagogy rooted in queer theory, the study explores the possibilities of disrupting heteronormativity and didactic learning by investigating student responses to the interventions. For this article, I focus on one student’s artwork and her reactions to the process of making her artworks during the project. As such, the study is an exploration of an attempt at moving beyond the homonormative inclusion of LGBTQIA+ content, towards a deeper exploration of gender and sexuality within the curriculum cultivated through making.
Retracted: Gastrodin relieves inflammation injury induced by lipopolysaccharides in MRC‐5 cells by up‐regulation of miR‐103
Authors: Xi Zhuona , Qiao Yahong , Wang Jifang , Su Hongjian , Bao Zhen , Li Hongyan , Liao Xiaoming , Zhong Xiaolan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe beneficial function of gastrodin towards many inflammatory diseases has been identified. This study designed to see the influence of gastrodin in a cell model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MRC‐5 cells were treated by LPS, before which gastrodin was administrated. The effects of gastrodin were evaluated by conducting CCK‐8, FITC‐PI double staining, Western blot, qRT‐PCR and ELISA. Besides this, the downstream effector and signalling were studied to decode how gastrodin exerted its function. And dual‐luciferase assay was used to detect the targeting link between miR‐103 and lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 (LRP1). LPS induced apoptosis and the release of MCP‐1, IL‐6 and TNF‐α in MRC‐5 cells. Pre‐treating MRC‐5 cells with gastrodin attenuated LPS‐induced cell damage. Meanwhile, p38/JNK and NF‐κB pathways induced by LPS were repressed by gastrodin. miR‐103 expression was elevated by gastrodin. Further, the protective functions of gastrodin were attenuated by miR‐103 silencing. And LRP1 was a target of miR‐103 and negatively regulated by miR‐103. The in vitro data illustrated the protective function of gastrodin in LPS‐injured MRC‐5 cells. Gastrodin exerted its function possibly by up‐regulating miR‐103 and modulating p38/JNK and NF‐κB pathways.
Role of LuxR‐type regulators in fish pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Mao Leilei , Qin Yingxue , Kang Jianping , Wu Bin , Huang Lixing , Wang Suyun , Zhang Mengmeng , Zhang Jiahui , Zhang Ruixuan , Yan Qingpi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLuxR‐type transcriptional factors are essential in many bacterial physiological processes. However, there have been no reports on their roles in Aeromonas hydrophila. In this study, six stable silent strains were constructed using shRNA. Significant decreases in the expression levels of luxR05, luxR08, luxR19, luxR11, luxR164 and luxR165 were shown in their respective strains by qRT‐PCR. The luxR05‐RNAi and luxR164‐RNAi exhibit the most significant changes in sensitivity to kanamycin and gentamicin. The luxR05‐RNAi showed minimum biofilm formation and the least motility, while luxR164‐RNAi showed minimum biofilm formation, adhesion, growth and extracellular protease activity compared to the wild‐type strain. In summary, the results of this paper suggest that all six luxR genes are involved in multiple physiological processes in A. hydrophila and that the roles of luxR05 and luxR164 are highly significant. The sensitivity of luxR05‐RNAi and luxR164‐RNAi to drugs may be closely related to biofilm formation. The luxR05 may play an important role in the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila by regulating the movement, adhesion and biofilm formation of bacteria, whereas luxR164 may be involved in similar functions by regulating bacterial adhesion, extracellular enzyme activity and growth. These results help further our understanding of the drug resistance and pathogenesis of A. hydrophila.
ACCRUALS AND MOMENTUM
Authors: Gu Ming , Wu Yangru 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe view accruals as a natural candidate to link to momentum in the context of the overreaction explanation. Accruals can proxy for ambiguity about the implications of new information for a firm's value and can vary with the business cycle. Thus, higher accruals can lead to greater behavioral biases in the cross‐sectional and time‐series dimensions and, hence, stronger momentum. Our results show that momentum profitability is mostly concentrated in firms with high accruals. The previously documented cross‐sectional characteristics of momentum and market states do not subsume the effect of accruals on momentum. We also find that most of the momentum returns among high‐accrual firms are attributable to high discretionary accruals.
Extract of spray‐dried Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense L.) skin
Authors: Maia Juliana Leão , Dantas Thayse Naianne Pires , Neto Bento Pereira da Costa , Borges Kátia Cristina , Lima Erica Cortez , da Mata Ana Lúcia de Medeiros Lula , de Medeiros Maria de Fátima Dantas , Pereira Camila Gambini 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Malay apple is a fruit tree found in northeastern Brazil; little is known about the composition and properties of its fruit, which motivated the present study. Among natural antioxidants, anthocyanins are pigments responsible for the red and blue coloring of a wide range of food plants. There is a growing interest in their use by the pharmaceutical industry; however, their sensitivity to environmental factors means processing is required to ensure their stability. Spray‐drying has proved to be effective in this regard. The aim of this study was to dry Malay apple skin extract by two different methods (spray‐ and freeze‐drying) and analyze the physical and chemical properties, morphology, and bioactive compounds of the products obtained, in order to assess the preservation of the antioxidants and conduct a preliminary study on their possible encapsulation. The results indicated that it is possible to obtain a powder with low humidity and preserved biocharacteristics using freeze‐ and spray‐drying, with high yield. When compared to the freeze‐dried product, the spray‐drying conserved the bioactive compounds and provided smaller size distribution than that obtained by freeze‐drying. The results obtained by spray‐drying showed favorable for use in controlled release systems.Practical applicationsThis work had as practical applications the use of a local and almost industrially unexplored fruit, the Malay apple, as a product rich in anthocyanins and other bioactive compounds for use as food additive and with potential use in cosmetics, since the compounds obtained, anthocyanins, have proven antioxidant capacity. Bioactive compounds from the peel of the Malay apple were determined for the first time. The spray‐drying process maintains much of the bioactive characteristics of the Malay apple skin. The freeze‐drying process is more effective in preserving the properties of the skin of the Malay apple. The zeta potential of the Malay apple was determined for the first time.