bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of postnatal outcome in fetuses with congenital lung malformation: 2‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Peters N. C. J. , Hijkoop A. , Hermelijn S. M. , van Schoonhoven M. M. , Eggink A. J. , van Rosmalen J. , Otter S. C. M. Cochius‐den , Tibboel D. , IJsselstijn H. , Schnater J. M. , Cohen‐Overbeek T. E. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo identify, in fetuses with a congenital lung malformation (CLM), prenatal predictors of the need for postnatal respiratory support and the need for surgery by calculating the CLM volume ratio (CVR), and to evaluate the concordance between the prenatal appearance and the postnatal type of CLM.MethodsThis was an analysis of prenatal, perinatal and postnatal data from fetuses diagnosed with a CLM at the Erasmus University Medical Center – Sophia Children's Hospital in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, between January 2007 and December 2016. For all included fetuses, CVR was measured retrospectively on stored ultrasound images obtained at 18 + 1 to 24 + 6 weeks (US1), 25 + 0 to 29 + 6 weeks (US2) and/or 30 + 0 to 35 + 6 weeks' gestation (US3). Postnatal diagnosis of CLM was based on computed tomography or histology. Primary outcomes were the need for respiratory support within 24 h and surgery within 2 years after birth.ResultsOf the 80 fetuses with a CLM included in this study, 14 (18%) required respiratory support on the first postnatal day, and 17 (21%) required surgery within 2 years. Only the CVR at US2 was predictive of the need for respiratory support, with a cut‐off value of 0.39. Four of 16 (25%) fetuses which showed full regression of the CLM prenatally required respiratory support within 24 h after birth. The CVR at US1, US2 and US3 was predictive of surgery within 2 years. Overall, the prenatal appearance of the CLM showed low concordance with the postnatal type. Prenatally suspected microcystic congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) was shown on computed tomography after birth to be congenital lobar overinflation in 15/35 (43%) cases. Respiratory support within 24 h after birth and surgical resection within 28 days after birth were needed in all cases of macrocystic CPAM.ConclusionsCVR can predict the need for respiratory support within 24 h after birth and for surgery within 2 years. Regression of a CLM prenatally does not rule out respiratory problems after birth. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. ‐ Legal Statement: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
$$ T\overline{T} $$-deformation of q-Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Santilli Leonardo , Szabo Richard J. , Tierz Miguel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We derive the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-perturbed version of two-dimensional q-deformed Yang-Mills theory on an arbitrary Riemann surface by coupling the unperturbed theory in the first order formalism to Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity. We show that the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformation results in a breakdown of the connection with a Chern-Simons theory on a Seifert manifold, and of the large N factorization into chiral and anti-chiral sectors. For the U(N) gauge theory on the sphere, we show that the large N phase transition persists, and that it is of third order and induced by instantons. The effect of the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformation is to decrease the critical value of the ’t Hooft coupling, and also to extend the class of line bundles for which the phase transition occurs. The same results are shown to hold for (q, t)-deformed Yang-Mills theory. We also explicitly evaluate the entanglement entropy in the large N limit of Yang-Mills theory, showing that the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformation decreases the contribution of the Boltzmann entropy.
Traumatic brain injury with concomitant injury to the spleen: characteristics and mortality of a high-risk trauma cohort from the TraumaRegister DGU®
Authors: Mader Marius Marc-Daniel , Lefering Rolf , Westphal Manfred , Maegele Marc , Czorlich Patrick 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Based on the hypothesis that systemic inflammation contributes to secondary injury after initial traumatic brain injury (TBI), this study aims to describe the effect of splenectomy on mortality in trauma patients with TBI and splenic injury.

Methods
A retrospective cohort analysis of patients prospectively registered into the TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) with TBI (AISHead ≥ 3) combined with injury to the spleen (AISSpleen ≥ 1) was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed to adjust for confounding factors and to assess the independent effect of splenectomy on in-hospital mortality.

Results
The cohort consisted of 1114 patients out of which 328 (29.4%) had undergone early splenectomy. Patients with splenectomy demonstrated a higher Injury Severity Score (median: 34 vs. 44, p < 0.001) and lower Glasgow Coma Scale (median: 9 vs. 7, p = 0.014) upon admission. Splenectomized patients were more frequently hypotensive upon admission (19.8% vs. 38.0%, p < 0.001) and in need for blood transfusion (30.3% vs. 61.0%, p < 0.001). The mortality was 20.7% in the splenectomy group and 10.3% in the remaining cohort. After adjustment for confounding factors, early splenectomy was not found to exert a significant effect on in-hospital mortality (OR 1.29 (0.67–2.50), p = 0.45).

Conclusion
Trauma patients with TBI and spleen injury undergoing splenectomy demonstrate a more severe injury pattern, more compromised hemodynamic status and higher in-hospital mortality than patients without splenectomy. Adjustment for confounding factors reveals that the splenectomy procedure itself is not independently associated with survival.
Rice-induced secondary metabolite gene expression inAspergillus nidulans
Authors: Lacriola Christopher J , Falk Shaun P , Weisblum Bernard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractActivation of silent biosynthetic gene clusters in fungi remains a challenge for discovery of new useful natural products. In this work, we identify a group of silent secondary metabolite gene clusters in Aspergillus nidulans that are induced by rice (Oryza sativa). Using reverse phase HPLC purification on extracts of rice, we identified the plant hormone gibberellic acid as one compound present in rice extracts that induced these silent genes. Additionally, select secondary metabolite (SM) genes activated by rice were tested for responses to several plant hormones which produced distinctly different transcriptomic profiles in A. nidulans. These observations support the idea that phytohormones play an important role in regulating fungal SM biosynthesis while additionally serving as a source of natural product chemical libraries to screen for useful compounds.
Free vibration characteristics of sectioned unidirectional/bidirectional functionally graded material cantilever beams based on finite element analysis
Authors: Viet N. V. , Zaki W. , Wang Quan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdvancements in manufacturing technology, including the rapid development of additive manufacturing (AM), allow the fabrication of complex functionally graded material (FGM) sectioned beams. Portions of these beams may be made from different materials with possibly different gradients of material properties. The present work proposes models to investigate the free vibration of FGM sectioned beams based on one-dimensional (1D) finite element analysis. For this purpose, a sample beam is divided into discrete elements, and the total energy stored in each element during vibration is computed by considering either Timoshenko or Euler-Bernoulli beam theories. Then, Hamilton’s principle is used to derive the equations of motion for the beam. The effects of material properties and dimensions of FGM sections on the beam’s natural frequencies and their corresponding mode shapes are then investigated based on a dynamic Timoshenko model (TM). The presented model is validated by comparison with three-dimensional (3D) finite element simulations of the first three mode shapes of the beam.
Effects of copper in Daphnia are modulated by nanosized titanium dioxide and natural organic matter: what is the impact of aging duration?
Authors: Roy Rajdeep , Lüderwald Simon , Alawi Ahmed Maknoon Asawer , Metreveli George , Schulz Ralf , Bundschuh Mirco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring its aquatic life cycle, nanosized titanium dioxide (nTiO2) may interact with natural organic matter (NOM) ultimately altering the ecotoxicity of co-occurring chemical stressors such as heavy metals (e.g. copper (Cu)). In this context, the following hypotheses were tested: (1) aging of nTiO2along with Cu reduces Cu toxicity, (2) nTiO2agglomerates have a lower potential to reduce Cu toxicity and (3) aging of nTiO2in presence of NOM reduces Cu toxicity further. A multifactorial test design crossing three nTiO2levels (0.0, 0.6 and 3.0 mg/L) with two levels of NOM (0 versus 8 mg total organic carbon (TOC)/L) and seven nominal Cu concentrations (ranging from 0 to 1536 μg/L) aged in ASTM medium for 0, 1, 3 and 6 days was realised, while two aging scenarios were applied (type 1: nTiO2jointly aged with Cu; type 2: Cu added after nTiO2aging). Subsequently, Cu toxicity was assessed using the immobility ofDaphnia magnaafter 48 h of exposure as response variable. The experiments revealed that neither aging duration nor the extent of agglomeration (type 1 vs. type 2 aging) has a substantial impact on Cu induced toxicity. Moreover, it was confirmed that the presence of NOM substantially reduced Cu induced toxicity, independent of the aging scenario and duration. More importantly, the data suggest the ingestion of Cu loaded nTiO2as additional exposure pathway contributing to Cu toxicity. In conclusion, it seems unlikely that nTiO2concentrations currently detected in or predicted for aquatic ecosystems, which are at least one order of magnitude below the concentration tested here, influence Cu toxicity meaningfully.
Betting the farm and playing it safe? Hyper-core self-evaluation in decisions when managers are winning and losing
Authors: Hönl Andreas , Meissner Philip , Wulf Torsten 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCore self-evaluation summarizes a decision maker’s self-worth. This key personality trait has been shown to lead to extreme performance consequences of either winning or losing big. We suggest that these extreme performance outcomes may partly rest in how core self-evaluation affects executive’s perception and evaluation of risk in choices under uncertainty. We conducted a choice experiment building on the original prospect theory experiments with 97 executives, in which we measured the effect of core self-evaluation on risk behavior. As a robustness test, we replicated and validated our findings with a larger sample of 111 executives. Building on the tenets of prospect theory, we show that decision makers with high levels of core self-evaluation are less loss averse. Surprisingly, this effect differs depending on whether gains or losses are highlighted in the decision. For gains, higher levels of core self-evaluation are associated with behaviors that are closer to risk neutrality. For losses, however, we find that higher levels of core self-evaluation further enhance the risk-seeking behavior of decision makers. These findings contribute towards understanding the effects of core self-evaluation in the work environment as well as in the decision process and provide an additional lens for studying how the personality of executives affects choices under uncertainty.
Students’ awareness of the academic integrity policy at a Latvian university
Authors: Anohina-Naumeca Alla , Birzniece Ilze , Odiņeca Tatjana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn academic integrity policy usually specifies the university’s ethical principles and values, the forms of appropriate academic behaviour, the penalties for academic malpractice and the procedures for handling policy violations. However, the policy does not itself create academic integrity, but needs to be consistently and effectively communicated, implemented, and applied. This paper presents a case study investigating the extent to which students at Riga Technical University (Latvia) are informed about the university’s academic integrity policy. This quantitative research was performed by surveying two groups of respondents: domestic students in the first year of their bachelor’s studies and the heads of the corresponding study programmes. The results revealed a low level of students’ awareness of the university policy on academic integrity and a lack of systematic institutional approach to promoting academic integrity. The study results also indicated that students with a higher awareness of the university policy on academic integrity were less tolerant towards violations and perceived academic integrity as an essential aspect for both the academic community and student life. These findings establish a foundation for a more extensive discussion of academic integrity issues in Latvia. They can also serve as impetus for similar studies in other Latvian universities, as well as research taking an international comparative perspective.
Gesellschaftsordnungen oder kulturelle Ordnungen? Geschichtswissenschaftliche Perspektiven auf das Forschungsfeld soziale Probleme seit den 1960er-Jahren
Authors: Weinhauer K. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Forschungsfeld soziale Probleme und soziale Kontrolle und die ZeitschriftSoziale Problemewerden in eine längerfristige Perspektive gestellt. In ihrer Entstehungsphase in den 1960/70er Jahren hatten die Soziologie sozialer Probleme und sozialgeschichtliche Ansätze vieles gemeinsam. Zwei Fragen stehen deshalb im Mittelpunkt. Erstens, wie wurden im Forschungsfeld soziale Probleme relevante Ordnungsbegriffe (Gesellschaft, Staat, Struktur) reflektiert und aus welcher Perspektive analysiert? Nach der Etablierungs- und Verwissenschaftlichungsphase der 1970/80er Jahre wurden diese Ordnungsbegriffe kaum hinterfragt und zumeist aus Top-Down-Perspektive betrachtet. Zudem fehlten kritische Reflexionen über die zahlreichen prägenden US-Transfers. Zweitens wird nach der Positionierung zumcultural turngefragt. Explizite Kontroversen mit kulturalistischen Ansätzen wurden nicht ausgetragen, und die Bestimmung des Verhältnisses von Kultur und Gesellschaft blieb unterkomplex. Wie das Publikationsprofil der 1990 gegründeten ZeitschriftSoziale Problemezeigt, war (und ist) sie ein Verständigungsforum für im weitesten Sinne theoretische Reflexionen über soziale Probleme und soziale Kontrolle in Zeiten einer großen Aufmerksamkeit gegenüber kulturalistischen Ansätzen. Beiträge zu staatlichen Kontroll- und Sanktionsaktivitäten waren stark vertreten. Bemerkenswert sind die Bemühungen, das Forschungsfeld Anfang der 2000er-Jahre für die neuere Globalisierungsforschung und damit auch für eine reflektierte Transnationalität sowie für die Analyse lokaler Praktiken zu öffnen.
Form-finding and fabrication of BeTA pavilion: a bending-active biotensegrity textile assembly
Authors: Davis-Sikora Diane , Liu Rui , Ohrn-McDaniel Linda 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBorn in art, the tensegrity logics have been advanced in disciplines from architecture and human anatomy. Biotensegrity principles introduce an adaptive, ‘living’ structural model characterized by networks of interconnected components and tendons with a shape adaptive capacity. Bending-active is an approach to form-force equilibria that adopts actively curving beams and surfaces within their elastic ranges. BeTA Pavilion explores the formal opportunities of biotensegrity logics using elastically bent glass fiber reinforced plastic rods and CNC knitted textiles. Its bending-active system (inspired by animal vertebrae typologies) is composed of prestressed and self-stabilized tetrahedron modules that are arrayed and sequenced to produce structural equilibrium with a bandwidth of dynamic motion. The paper details the iterative design process employing physical and computational modeling and testing for the new adaptive and dynamic structural assembly coupling bending-active textile hybrid with biotensegrity logics.
A simple method for purification ofStrongyloides venezuelensiseggs from rat faeces
Authors: Roldán W.H. , Martins de Paula F. , Gryschek R.C.B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a simple method to purifyStrongyloideseggs from rat faeces using a sucrose gradient centrifugal-flotation technique. This procedure is simple, rapid and possesses a high efficiency in recoveringStrongyloideseggs without faecal detritus in less than one hour, thus eliminating the use of complex apparatus and different chemical substances. The possibility of working with pure and liveStrongyloideseggs opens up a wide range of future studies on the biology of this parasite. This study constitutes the first report in the scientific literature on purifyingStrongyloideseggs using a sucrose density gradient.
Risk factors associated with outbreaks of seasonal infectious disease in school settings, England, UK
Authors: Donaldson A. L. , Harris J. P. , Vivancos R. , O'Brien S. J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Children are important transmitters of infection. Within schools they encounter large numbers of contacts and infections can spread easily causing outbreaks. However, not all schools are affected equally. We conducted a retrospective analysis of school outbreaks to identify factors associated with the risk of gastroenteritis, influenza, rash or other outbreaks. Data on reported school outbreaks in England were obtained from Public Health England and linked with data from the Department for Education and the Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills (Ofsted). Primary and all-through schools were found to be at increased risk of outbreaks, compared with secondary schools (odds ratio (OR) 5.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.50–7.58 and OR 4.66, 95% CI 3.27–6.61, respectively). School size was also significantly associated with the risk of outbreaks, with higher odds associated with larger schools. Attack rates were higher in gastroenteritis and influenza outbreaks, with lower attack rates associated with rashes (relative risk 0.17, 95% CI 0.15–0.20). Deprivation and Ofsted rating were not associated with either outbreak occurrence or the subsequent attack rate. This study identifies primary and all-through schools as key settings for health protection interventions. Public health teams need to work closely with these schools to encourage early identification and reporting of outbreaks.
Cobra head deformity of atrial septal occluder: blessing in disguise
Authors: Karuru Uma Devi , Gupta Saurabh Kumar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is not uncommon to have prolapse of the atrial septal occluder device despite accurate measurement of atrial septal defect and an appropriately chosen device. This is particularly a problem in cases with large atrial septal defect with absent aortic rim. Various techniques have been described for successful implantation of atrial septal occluder in such a scenario. The essence of all these techniques is to prevent prolapse of the left atrial disc through the defect while the right atrial disc is being deployed. In this brief report, we illustrate the use of cobra head deformity of the device to successfully deploy the device across the atrial septum.
The HIF1α/HIF2α-miR210-3p network regulates glioblastoma cell proliferation, dedifferentiation and chemoresistance through EGF under hypoxic conditions
Authors: Wang Pan , Yan Qian , Liao Bin , Zhao Lu , Xiong Shuanglong , Wang Junwei , Zou Dewei , Pan Jinyu , Wu Liangqi , Deng Yangmin , Wu Nan , Gong Sheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) promotes the malignant progression of glioblastoma under hypoxic conditions, leading to a poor prognosis for patients with glioblastoma; however, none of the therapies targeting HIF1α in glioblastoma have successfully eradicated the tumour. Therefore, we focused on the reason and found that treatments targeting HIF1α and HIF2α simultaneously increased tumour volume, but the combination of HIF1α/HIF2α-targeted therapies with temozolomide (TMZ) reduced tumourigenesis and significantly improved chemosensitization. Moreover, miR-210-3p induced HIF1α expression but inhibited HIF2α expression, suggesting that miR-210-3p regulates HIF1α/HIF2α expression. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to upregulate HIF1α expression under hypoxic conditions. However, in the present study, in addition to the signalling pathways mentioned above, the upstream proteins HIF1α and HIF2α have been shown to induce EGF expression by binding to the sequences AGGCGTGG and GGGCGTGG. Briefly, in a hypoxic microenvironment the HIF1α/HIF2α-miR210-3p network promotes the malignant progression of glioblastoma through a positive feedback loop with EGF. Additionally, differentiated glioblastoma cells underwent dedifferentiation to produce glioma stem cells under hypoxic conditions, and simultaneous knockout of HIF1α and HIF2α inhibited cell cycle arrest but promoted proliferation with decreased stemness, promoting glioblastoma cell chemosensitization. In summary, both HIF1α and HIF2α regulate glioblastoma cell proliferation, dedifferentiation and chemoresistance through a specific pathway, which is important for glioblastoma treatments.
Identification of CD24 as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Karnan Sivasundaram , Ota Akinobu , Murakami Hideki , Rahman Md Lutfur , Hasan Muhammad Nazmul , Wahiduzzaman Md , Hanamura Ichiro , Quang Vu Lam , Inoko Akihito , Hyodo Toshinori , Konishi Hiroyuki , Tsuzuki Shinobu , Hosokawa Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy of the pleura that is currently incurable due to the lack of an effective early diagnostic method and specific medication. The CDKN2A (p16) and NF2 genes are both frequently mutated in MPM. To understand how these mutations contribute to MPM tumor growth, we generated NF2/p16 double-knockout (DKO) cell clones using human MeT-5A and HOMC-B1 mesothelial cell lines. Cell growth and migration activities were significantly increased in DKO compared with parental cells. cDNA microarray analysis revealed differences in global gene expression profiles between DKO and parental cells. Quantitative PCR and western blot analyses showed upregulation of CD24 concomitant with increased phosphorylation of AKT, p70S6K, and c-Jun in DKO clones. This upregulation was abrogated by exogenous expression of NF2 and p16. CD24 knockdown in DKO cells significantly decreased TGF-β1 expression and increased expression of E-cadherin, an epithelial–mesenchymal transition marker. CD24 was highly expressed in human mesothelioma tissues (28/45 cases, 62%) and associated with the loss of NF2 and p16. Public data analysis revealed a significantly shorter survival time in MPM patients with high CD24 gene expression levels. These results strongly indicate the potential use of CD24 as a prognostic marker as well as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for MPM.
Novel PTCH1 mutations in Japanese familial nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
Authors: Nakase Yoji , Hamada Atsuko , Kitamura Naoya , Hata Tsuyoshi , Toratani Shigeaki , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Okamoto Tetsuji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), also known as Gorlin syndrome, is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and is characterized by a combination of developmental abnormalities and a predisposition to tumor formation. Hedgehog receptor Patched 1 (PTCH1) has been identified as the mutated gene in NBCCS. We identified the PTCH1_c.3298_3299insAAG_p.1099_1100insE mutation in the transmembrane region, which comprises a sterol transporter whose abnormal function is reportedly related to pathogenicity.