bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH VARIASI SUHU DEMINERALISASI TERHADAP NILAI RENDEMEN DAN MOROFOLOGI PERMUKAAN PADA HASIL SINTESIS KITOSAN DARI LIMBAH TULANG CUMI
Authors: Putama Mursal Iin Lidia 
Published: November 2020

Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu demineralisasi terhadap hasil sintesis kitosan dari tulang cumi. Variasi suhu demineralisasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pada suhu Â± 27Âº C dan 60 ÂºC. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi suhu tersebut mempengaruhi nilai rendemen dan morfologi permukaan dari sampel kitosan yang dihasilkan. Nilai rendemen kitin dan kitosan yang dihasilkan berturut-turut adalah 29,75 % dan 22, 25 % untuk suhu demineralisasi = Â± 27Âº C, kemudian 42,73 % dan 29,58 % untuk suhu demineralisasi = 60Âº C. hasil SEM menunjukkan bahwa untuk suhu demineralisasi Â± 27Âº C didapat ukuran partikel berkisar 22,78 Î¼m sedangkan untuk suhu demineralisasi 60 ÂºC ukuran partikelnya berkisar antara 10,44 sampai 22,42 Î¼m
Kata kunci: Kitosan, tulang Cumi, SEM

Abstract
This research was conducted to determine the effect of demineralization temperature of chitosan from squids bone. This research using variation temperature Â± 27Âº C and 60 ÂºC. The result showed that variation give different effect on the yield and surface morphology of chitosan. The yields of chitin and chitosan which were produced successively were 29,75 % and 22,25 % for demineralization temperature = Â± 27Âº C. 42,73 % and 29,58 % for demineralization temperature = 60Âº C. SEM photograph show 22,78 Î¼m, and 10,44 â€“ 24,22 Î¼m average particle sizes for chitosan with variation of demineralization temperature Â± 27Âº C and 60 ÂºC.
Keywords : chitosan, squids bone, SEM
IDENTIFIKASI SEDERHANA METABOLIT SEKUNDER KULIT BATANG KAWISTA ( Limonia Acidissima L. )
Authors: Fikayuniar Lia 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAK

Bukan hanya tumbuhan yang dibudidayakan yang bermanfaat bagi manusia. Ternyata salah satu bagian tumbuhan (seperti kulit batang) yang tersebar disekitar kita sering diabaikan juga menyimpan potensi luar biasa, khususnya sebagai obat (Dalimartha, S., Hembing, W, 1997). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hasil identifikasi sederhana analisis kualitatif metabolit sekunder kulit batang tanaman kawista (Limonia Acidissima L.) yang dapat dijadikan sebagai senyawa potensial untuk diuji lebih lanjut.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode ekstraksi Refluks, pemeriksaan makroskopik, pengujian analisis kualitatif penapisan fitokimia simplisia kulit batang kawista ( Limonia acidissima L. ).
Hasil penelitian berdasarkan karakteristik penetapan kadar air dengan cara destilasi sebesar 1,67 % v/b. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kualitatif penapisan fitokimia dari kulit batang kawista ( Limonia acidissima L. ) mengandung senyawa golongan flavonoid, saponin, polifenolat, monoterpenoid dan seskuiterpenoid.

Kata Kunci : , Kawista, Refluks, Penapisan Fitokimia
CHANGES IN THE IMMUNE STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC SOLID TUMORS DURING STEREOTACTIC RADIATION THERAPY
Authors: Zozulya Anton , Novikov Sergey , Baldueva Irina , Girdyuk D. , Yemelyanova Natalya , Tyuryaeva Yelena , Fedosova E. , Antipov F. , Navoloka A. , Kanaev Sergey , Belyaev Aleksey 
Published: November 2020

Purpose. To evaluate immunological status in patients with metastatic forms of solid tumors before and at different intervals after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of metastatic lesions. Materials and methods. A quantitative assessment and analysis of blood immunological parameters was conducted before irradiation, after 3-4 weeks and 6-8 weeks after SBRT in patients with malignant tumors with oligometastases in the liver and lungs. All peripheral blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed using Friedman and Nemenyi criteria. Results. 3-4 weeks after the end of SBRT, we observed statistically significant increase of T-lymphocytes (CD3+CD19-); T-helpers (CD3+CD4+); activated T-helpers (CD3+CD4+HLA-DR+); activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD3+CD8+HLA-DR+) and decrease of B-lymphocytes (CD3-CD19+). Subsequently, after 6-8 weeks after the end of irradiation we detected decrease of T-lymphocytes (CD3+CD19-) and continuing increase in activated T-helpers (CD3+CD4+HLA-DR+) and activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD3+CD8+HLA-DR+). Conclusion. Thus, revealed dynamics of immunological parameters indicates the induction of the T-cell link of antitumor immunity against decreasing of indicators of humoral immunity.
THE HISTORY OF THE PROGRESS OF DISTANCE LEARNING AND MODERN METHODS OF TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Ивкина М.И. , Хамраева Е.А. 
Published: November 2020

В статье рассматриваются возможности дистанционного обучения в современной реальности – посредством глобальной сети Интернет и популярных онлайн-сервисов виртуального общения. Многие университеты и школы имеют сегодня серьезный опыт не только локального, но и дистанционного обучения. Это могут быть как кратковременные курсы, так и получение основного образования. Главное достоинство дистанционного обучения заключается в гибкости, мобильности и разнообразии формируемых компетенций. В статье представлены функциональные возможности использования платформ при обучении иностранцев русскому языку на примере образовательного аккаунта @ru_lang_club в социальной сети Instagram.
Distance education today has great prospects. Many universities and schools have strong experience not only of local, but also of distance learning. It can be both short-term courses and basic education. The article discusses the possibilities of distance learning in modern reality, through the global Internet and the popular online virtual communication services. The main advantage of the new distance learning format is the innovativeness and mobility of acquiring skills and knowledge. The functionality of using the platforms for teaching foreigners the Russian language is shown on the example of the educational account @ru_lang_club on the social network Instagram.
PHRASE THEORY: AN UPDATED TRADITION
(a phrase in the aspect of psycholinguistic experimtnt)
Authors: Милованова М.С. 
Published: November 2020

Монография К.Я. Сигала посвящена постижению и осмыслению словосочетания как единицы языка и речи – как реальной лингвистической и психолингвистической единицы. Автор в деталях реконструирует «проблему словосочетания», его внимание привлекают традиционно дискуссионные вопросы и моменты новые, которые не были предметом специального рассмотрения. Принципиальная новизна исследования заключается в применении методик психолингвистического эксперимента для ответа на вопрос о природе, генезисе и прагматике словосочетания.
Monograph by K.Ya. Sigal is devoted to comprehension and understanding of a phrase as a unit of language and speech – as a real linguistic and psycholinguistic unit. The author reconstructs in detail the «problem of phrase», his attention is attracted by traditionally debatable issues and new points that were not the subject of special consideration. The principal novelty of the research is the use of psycholinguistic experiment techniques to answer the question about the nature, genesis and pragmatic of the phrase.
Kepler Binary Stars in the NGC 6819 Open Cluster: KIC 5113146 and KIC 5111815
Authors: Soydugan Esin , Aliçavuş Fahri , Soydugan Faruk , Bilir Selçuk 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, an investigation of two double-lined binary stars KIC 5113146 and KIC 5111815 in the NGC 6819 open cluster is presented based on both photometric and spectroscopic data. Simultaneous analysis of light and radial velocity curves was made and the absolute parameters of the systems’ components were determined for the first time. We find that both systems have F-type main-sequence components. The masses and radii were found to be M

1
= 1.29 ± 0.02M
⊙, R

1
= 1.47 ± 0.03

and M

2
= 1.19 ± 0.02

, R

2
= 1.13 ± 0.02

for the primary and secondary components of KIC 5113146; and M

1
= 1.51 ± 0.08

, R

1
= 2.02 ± 0.05

and M

2
= 1.19 ± 0.07

, R

2
= 1.32 ± 0.04

for the components of KIC 5111815, respectively. The evolutionary status of the components was evaluated based on the MESA evolutionary tracks and isochrones. The ages of KIC 5111815 and KIC 5113146 were derived to be about 2.50 ± 0.35 Gyr and 1.95 ± 0.40 Gyr, respectively. Photometric distances were calculated to be 2850 ± 185 pc for KIC 5113146 and 3120 ± 260 pc for KIC 5111815. The results reveal that both KIC 5113146 and KIC 5111815 systems are the most likely members of NGC 6819.
Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): A WISE Study of the Activity of Emission-line Systems in G23
Authors: Yao H. F. M. , Jarrett T. H. , Cluver M. E. , Marchetti L. , Taylor Edward N. , Santos M. G. , Owers Matt S. , Lopez-Sanchez Angel R. , Gordon Y. A. , Brown M. J. I. , Brough S. , Phillipps S. , Holwerda B. W. , Hopkins A. M. , Wang L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present a detailed study of emission-line systems in the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) G23 region, making use of Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) photometry that includes carefully measured resolved sources. After applying several cuts to the initial catalog of ∼41,000 galaxies, we extract a sample of 9809 galaxies. We then compare the spectral diagnostic Baldwin, Philips & Terlevich (BPT) classification of 1154 emission-line galaxies (38% resolved in W1) to their location in the WISE color–color diagram, leading to the creation of a new zone for mid-infrared “warm” galaxies located 2σ above the star-forming sequence, below the standard WISE active galactic nucleus (AGN) region. We find that the BPT and WISE diagrams agree on the classification for 85% and 8% of the galaxies as non-AGN (star-forming = SF) and AGN, respectively, and disagree on ∼7% of the entire classified sample. Thirty-nine percent of the AGNs (all types) are broad-line systems for which the [N ii] and [Hα] fluxes can barely be disentangled, giving in most cases spurious [N ii]/[Hα] flux ratios. However, several optical AGNs appear to be completely consistent with SF in WISE. We argue that these could be low-power AGNs, or systems whose hosts dominate the IR emission. Alternatively, given the sometimes high [O iii] luminosity in these galaxies, the emission lines may be generated by shocks coming from super-winds associated with SF rather than AGN activity. Based on our findings, we have created a new diagnostic: [W1 – W2] versus [N ii]/[Hα], which has the virtue of separating SF from AGNs and high-excitation sources. It classifies 3 to ∼5 times more galaxies than the classic BPT.
Space Weathering Affects the Remote Near-IR Identification of Phyllosilicates
Authors: Rubino Stefano , Lantz Cateline , Baklouti Donia , Leroux Hugues , Borondics Ferenc , Brunetto Rosario 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers on board current sample return missions Hayabusa2 and the Origins-Spectral Interpretation-Resource Identification-Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) from primitive bodies detected the presence of hydrated silicates on the surface of asteroids Ryugu and Bennu, respectively. These detections relied upon the study of the 2.7 μm OH-stretching spectral feature, whose peak position is related to the composition and structure of minerals. However, space weathering might alter the band profile, depth and position, thus complicating the interpretation of remote sensing data. In order to better understand these processes and provide support to space missions, we performed ion bombardment experiments on serpentine and saponite analogs. These two phyllosilicates are among the dominant mineral phases found in hydrated carbonaceous chondrites, which are possible analogs to surface materials observed on these primitive asteroids. We studied the behavior of the 2.7 μm band as a function of ion fluence and found that the evolution of the phyllosilicate depends on its nature. For the saponite sample, the band is only slightly affected by ion bombardment, while for both serpentine samples it shifts toward longer wavelengths. For both samples, peak intensity and width is not strongly affected. The band shift for serpentine indicates that space weathering introduces a bias in the interpretation of NIR remote sensing observations of phyllosilicates. The shift observed in our experiments can be detected by instruments on board Hayabusa2 and OSIRIS-REx, depending on the geometry of observation. Our findings provide support to the interpretation of such data.
Effect of Endemic Fluorosis on Cognitive Function of School Children in Alappuzha District, Kerala
Authors: Prabhakar Anjana , Abdulkhayarkutty Kabeer , Cheruvallil Shaji Velayudhan , Sudhakaran Prasanth 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Exposure to high fluoride levels in drinking water can lead to a number of adverse effects in children, including cognitive dysfunction. Despite being endemic for fluorosis, studies on its effect on the cognitive function of children are lacking in Kerala.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to compare the cognitive function of school children with fluorosis with that of normal children and to correlate between the severity of dental fluorosis and cognitive function.

Settings and Design:
Cross-sectional study, conducted in collaboration with the National Fluorosis Control Programme, among school children in Alappuzha district, Kerala.

Methods:
Children aged 8–10 years, studying in 2 lower primary schools in Alappuzha district with confirmed fluorosis were selected, and compared with healthy age- and sex-matched children from the same school. Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices and MISIC digit span subtest were used to assess the cognitive function.

Statistical Analysis:
Continuous variables were assessed by independent samples t test and categorical variables by Chi-square test. The relationship between severity of dental fluorosis and grade of cognitive impairment was assessed using Spearman's correlation.

Results:
There were 60 children each in fluorosis and control groups. The mean age of the children was 8.95 ± 0.50. Only 15% of the children with fluorosis scored Grade I and II Raven's SPM grades (Intellectually superior/above the average) versus 30% in the control group. None of the children without fluorosis scored Grade V (intellectually impaired) category versus 20% in the fluorosis group. The mean digit span was significantly higher in the control group. A strong positive correlation between severity of dental fluorosis and Raven's SPM grades was found (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.740).

Conclusions:
Fluorosis is associated with impaired cognition in children. There is a positive correlation between severity of dental fluorosis and the grade of cognitive impairment.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of breast self-examination among female undergraduate medical students in Poonch Medical College, Azad Kashmir
Authors: Arslaan Javaeed  , Irum Rasheed  , Faiza Shafqat  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of breast self-examination (BSE) among female undergraduate medical students in Poonch Medical College, Azad Kashmir. Out of 306 respondents, 250 completed the 16-item questionnaire (response rate of 81.7%). The correlations between knowledge, attitude, and practice were observed. Out of the total 250 respondents, 180 (72.0%) had ever heard of BSE, and 62 (24.8%) had performed BSE. The most important source of information regarding BSE was ‘internet’, which delivered knowledge to 64 (25.6%) students. The majority 200 (80%) thought that publicity and campaigns can motivate students to perform BSE. There was mild uphill correlation between knowledge and attitude, and knowledge and practice (p <.001). The study identified poor KAP of BSE among the students, Continuous...
Tuberculosis in Selected Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers (DATRCs) in Luzon, Philippines
Authors: Antonio Carl Abelardo T. , Guevarra Jonathan P. , Lara Aubrey B. , Castillo Eleanor C. , Cavinta Lolita L. , Ting Mikko Anthony L. , Eugenio Kyle Patrick Y. , Tomanan Kristine Joy L. , Diez Ma. Vilma V. , Garfin Anna Marie Celina G. , Panopio Manuel C. , Vista Salvador Benjamin D. 
Published: November 2020

Background and Objectives. Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a public health concern in the Philippines. Vulnerablepopulations in congregate settings such as drug abuse treatment and rehabilitation centers (DATRCs) have higherrisks of TB transmission and infection. With the Duterte administration’s intensified campaign against illegaldrugs, government-retained DATRCs are filled to capacity. There is an identified need to profile drug users anddependents living in DATRCs. Furthermore, national guidelines for TB management specific to this population isabsent. A study was conducted to determine the profile of admitted clients diagnosed with TB, TB prevalence,treatment outcomes and choice of TB diagnostic modalities in six (6) Luzon-based DATRCs from 2013-2015.
Methods. All medical records of drug users admitted in this period were reviewed. Information on the totalpatient census was sought from DATRC heads and used to compute for prevalence.
Results. A total of 347 records were obtained. Overall TB prevalence in the study sites was 7,216 per 100,000population. The typical individual diagnosed with TB in a DATRC was male, with a mean age of 35 years, with at leasthigh school education, and unemployed. Weight loss and fatigue were the most common symptoms reported. Themajority (79.83%) completed TB treatment in the DATRCs. Sputum microscopy and chest x-ray were both used forTB diagnosis in 92.80% (322) of the cases.
Conclusion. The high burden of TB in Luzon-based, government-retained DATRCs is alarming and underscorethe critical need for standards and guidelines in the National Tuberculosis Control Program addressing the uniquecontext of these facilities.
Features and Outcome of Hepatobiliary Tuberculosis among Filipino Children: Report of a Six-year Experience
Authors: Capul Evangeline P. , Gregorio Germana Emerita V. , Gonzales Ma. Liza Antoinette M. 
Published: November 2020

Background. The features and outcome of hepatobiliary tuberculosis (HBTB) have not been extensively reportedin children.
Objective. To describe the clinical, biochemical, radiologic, microbiologic and histologic features and outcome ofchildren diagnosed with HBTB.
Methods. Data of HBTB patients aged 0-18 years were collected by review of medical records and as they wereadmitted. Cases were classified as bacteriologically-confirmed (positive AFB smear, TB culture or PCR of bile/livertissue) or clinically-diagnosed (clinical, histologic and/or radiologic evidence).
Results. A total of 36 patients were included (mean age: 13yrs; 64% males): three bacteriologically-confirmed and33 clinically-diagnosed. Most common signs/symptoms were weight loss (69%), fever (67%), hepatomegaly (61%)and jaundice (53%). Of the total, 68% had hypoalbuminemia, 50% increased transaminases and 47% prolongedprothrombin time. Fifteen (42%) patients were AFB positive on various microbiologic specimens. Most commonimaging finding was hepatic calcification (64%). Of 11 patients with liver biopsy, seven (64%) had chronic/granulomatous inflammation. All 36 were managed medically. Eight were lost to follow up, six died, and 22 (61%)are alive, nine with complete resolution of liver disease.
Conclusion. Hepatobiliary tuberculosis presents with non-specific clinical and biochemical findings. Severalinvestigations are necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Overall response to anti-TB treatment is satisfactory withpossible resolution of liver disease.
Beginning Ballet
Authors: Kassing Gayle 
Published: November 2020

Beginning Ballet introduces students to the study of ballet as a performing art and provide instructional support in learning foundational ballet technique. Part of Human Kinetics’ Interactive Dance Series, Beginning Ballet is for students enrolled in a beginning ballet class at the college, university, or high school level.
The book features more than 80 photos and concise descriptions covering basic foot and arm positions, barre exercises, and centre combinations. Beginning Ballet introduces students to the structure of a ballet class, including expectations, etiquette, and attire. Students also learn how to prepare for class, maintain proper nutrition and hydration, and avoid injury.
This text outlines the unique history of ballet from its beginnings in the Renaissance to the 21st century and discusses the styles, aesthetics, artists, and significant works that have shaped ballet as a performing art.
Ballet class provides the foundation for learning the dance form, and Beginning Ballet supports that learning through visual, verbal, and interactive instructional tools. Beginning Ballet helps bring the grace, artistry, and mental and physical benefits of ballet to students.
Beginning Ballet is a part of Human Kinetics’ Interactive Dance Series. The series includes resources for modern dance, ballet, and tap dance that support introductory dance technique courses taught through dance, physical education, and fine arts departments.
Beginning Jazz Dance
Authors: Robey James 
Published: November 2020

Beginning Jazz Dance is the perfect resource for helping students gain a strong foundation of beginning jazz dance techniques. Written by jazz dance choreographer and professor James Robey, this text prepares students to have a successful experience in a beginning jazz dance technique course; includes 80 photos accompanied by descriptions that visually present the beginning jazz dance technique and dance concepts that will reinforce and extend classroom learning; and introduces students to the history, artists, significant works, styles, and aesthetics of the genre so they understand dance as a performing art.
Through the text, students learn these aspects of jazz dance:
The core concepts of jazz dance, the value of studying jazz dance, and class expectationsThe structure of a jazz dance class, the roles of everyone in the studio, and how to be physically and mentally prepared for classTips on injury prevention, nutrition guidelines, and basic anatomy and kinesiology as applied to movement in jazz danceBasic body alignment and positions in jazz danceJazz walks, kicks, turns, leaps, and floor work
Beginning Jazz Dance provides students with the context, background information, and basic instruction they need in order to understand the genre and appreciate jazz dance as a performing art. This text is ideal for dance majors, dance minors, and general education students enrolled in beginning jazz dance technique courses. It is also suitable for students in performing arts and magnet schools and high school dance programs.