bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Sensors in the Sugar Bush to Detect Biofilms
Authors: Jackson Ruby , Palen Thomas , Ketteler Haley , Walk Seth , Randal Jesse , Warnat Stephan 
Published: December 2024

The demand for maple syrup is increasing, and producers must improve efficiency to maintain high-quality products at a low cost. To meet transparency, density, color, and aroma standards, quality control systems are established throughout boiling processes. However, microbial growth in the harvesting infrastructure throughout the sugaring season has been a significant challenge, as biofilms reduce sap flow rates or cause clogging of sap lines. Microbial growth also degrades the product's quality by changing the syrup's color, taste, and viscosity. Therefore, smart farming is an essential solution that can bridge the gap between microbial growth monitoring and maple syrup quality. Wireless Sensor Networks in maple forests, also known as sugar bushes, are vital for monitoring processes such as sap harvesting using individual sensor nodes that send current biogeochemical information to a field station. A biofilm sensor is needed to indicate biofilm formation in real time.
This presentation introduces a microfabricated electrochemical impedance spectroscopy sensor (EIS) tailored to measure biofilm formation in sap infrastructure during the harvesting season, defined by temperature fluctuations between -10 and 20 ˚C. Impedance spectroscopy sensors were fabricated using standard evaporation, lithography, and wet chemical etching techniques. To increase the sensitivity of biofilm formation, interdigitated electrodes with a 15 µm gap between two electrodes were utilized, and 50 gold electrode pairs were implemented on a borosilicate glass wafer. Diced EIS dies were integrated into an additively manufactured housing that allowed electrochemical measurements in maple sap in the laboratory or sugar bush.
To test the efficacy of the EIS sensor, a Pseudomonas Sp. strain was extracted from maple sap harvested in 2023 at the Michigan State University Upper Peninsula Forestry Innovation Center and grown at room temperature. Sterile sap was filled into the flow cell and inoculated with microorganisms after 4 h. All experiments were performed in triplicates, and abiotic controls followed the same procedure minus the injection of cell culture enrichments.
Impedance data were captured every 30 minutes for 7 days, and impedance changes to the abiotic signal were characterized at defined frequencies. After 1 hour, an impedance change of 15% was observed. The impedance magnitude decreased over 7 days, indicating biofilm maturation. Biofilm growth on the EIS surface was confirmed with confocal microscopy. An impedance increase was observed in some cases, indicating biofilm detachment. Additionally, a model has been developed that relates the impedance response of maple sap to the required outdoor temperature range of -10 and 20 ˚C. Ultimately, this paper shows EIS as a valuable tool to characterize biofilm formation caused by maple sap.
(Invited) Multichannel Surface Plasmon Resonance Chip for Cell Evaluation By Medium Pattern Recognition
Authors: Kurita Ryoji , Sugai Hiroka , Tomita Shunsuke 
Published: December 2024

We would like to present a pattern-recognition-based cell evaluation using a multichannel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chip. The chip consists of five different cysteine derivatives immobilized on thin gold films and is capable of generating five different SPR sensorgrams for cell-secreted molecules in the culture medium. Two parameters were obtained from each SPR sensorgram and multivariate analysis was performed from a total of 10 parameters. Our system provided complex cell information rapidly (10 min) by simply introducing a small amount of cell culture medium (25 µL) to the chip, and the amount of information obtained was comparable to conventional biochemical assays combined.
Five cysteine derivatives (Cys, Ac-Cys, Cys-OEt, Boc-Cys and Pen) were used as cross-reactive probes. These cysteine derivatives were immobilized on five gold films in the SPR chip via gold-thiol binding. As these cysteine derivatives have different functional groups, the analyte interacts differently with each gold surface.
Tamoxifen (TAM), a therapeutic agent for the treatment of tumours, and human liver cancer cells (HepG2) were used as models to investigate changes in cellular activity when exposed to different TAM concentrations and durations. In addition, cell states were classified into four groups based on the results of biochemical assays to verify the correlation with conventional methods. They were classified according to albumin secretion, total protein content, apoptosis incidence, survival based on intracellular dehydrogenase and cell death based on extracellular dehydrogenase as shown in figure (a).
The culture medium was introduced into the SPR chip and the results of 20 samples were used as training data; the discriminant score plot by LDA showed a complex shift from Group A to D, with no overlap of the clusters corresponding to each group shown in figure(b). The main features of our sensor are: 1. rapid results with small amounts of culture medium; 2. no cell damage due to non-invasive analysis; and 3. analysis based on comprehensive information from the culture medium, independent of specific biomarkers.

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(Digital Presentation) A Facile Molasse-Assisted Synthesis of LaFeO3 Lanthanum Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Acetaminophen and 4-Aminophenazone
Authors: Paredes Cuaran Angela Maria , Castellanos Bernal Cindy Vanessa , Peñaranda Lopera Isabella , Prado Hernandez Victor Manuel , Morales Jimmy 
Published: December 2024

Using a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with lanthanum iron oxide nanoparticles as a sensing device, the heterocyclic chemicals, acetaminophen and 4-aminophenazone, which are developing pollutants, were electrochemically destroyed in PBS buffer media at pH 5.5 in this study. X-ray diffraction was used to analyze lanthanum iron oxide nanoparticles LFO NPs, which were manufactured utilizing a low-cost and straightforward approach. The simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (AC) and 4-aminophenazone (4-AM) has been accomplished through the development and validation of a novel, sensitive electroanalytical approach. The electrochemical behavior of the emergent contaminants in this work was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), and 4-AM and AC were simultaneously determined using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The oxidation process was irreversible over the pH rang studied and exhibited a diffusion-controlled behavior. To maximize the experimental conditions for simultaneous determination, the current's dependence on pH, concentration, and scan rate was examined. In some concentration ranges, the calibration graphs for both medications were linear.
References

Vealan, S.B.M.; Chinnathambi, S. Simultaneous determination of environmental endocrine disruptors bisphenol A and 4-nitrophenol bleached from food contacting materials using the spin-ladder compound La2Cu2O5 modified glassy carbon electrode, Chemosphere, 2024, 353, 141559.

Nour, M.M.; Tony, M.A. The Environmental Oxidation of Acetaminophen in Aqueous Media as an Emerging Pharmaceutical Pollutant Using a Chitosan Waste Based Magnetite Nanocomposite. Resources 2024, 13, 47.

Yao, M.; Fang, B.; Yang, J.; Sicen, W.; Fuchao, Ch. Simultaneous determination of 14 analgesics in postoperative analgesic solution by HPLC–DAD and LC–MS/MS. BMC Chemistry 2024, 18, 10.
Anodic Dissolution Behavior of Si Electrode in HF Solution Containing H2O2
Authors: Koketsu Daiki , Kato Shinya , Hoshi Yoshinao 
Published: December 2024

Silicon is expected to be as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries because the battery performance can be improved by increasing surface area1). Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) 2) is a low-cost method to form the nano-silicon structures on Si electrode, which is called silicon nanowires (SiNWs). Though this method enables the fabrication of SiNWs to increase the surface area on Si electrode, the mechanisms on MACE have not been clarified yet. This study aimed to investigate the anodic dissolution behavior of Si electrode to understand the effect of electrolyte concentrations on MACE by electrochemical methods in the HF solution containing H2O2.
Electrochemical measurements were carried out by a three-electrode system. An electrochemical cell was made of a polypropylene (PP) to use HF as the electrolyte. The counter electrode was a platinum wire, and the reference electrode was a KCl-saturated Ag/AgCl electrode (SSE) fabricated by the polycarbonate that can be used in the HF solution. The Si, Ag, and Si with deposited Ag particles were used as working electrodes. The Si electrode was made from n-type silicon wafers with a (100) surface. The electrode of Si with deposited Ag particles was prepared using an electroless Ag plating. A mixture of HF and H2O2 was used as the electrolyte solution. To investigate MACE behavior, the measurements of the electrode potential, polarization curve, and electrochemical impedance were carried out at each electrode. The electrode potential of Si with deposited Ag particles was measured for arbitrary time in the electrolyte solution. The potentiostatic polarization of Si electrode was performed to investigate anodic dissolution behavior. The electrochemical impedance measurements were carried out with an AC potential amplitude of 10 mV at arbitrary DC potential. The frequency range was 100 kHz to 0.01 Hz at five frequencies per decade.
In the electrolyte solution of HF containing H2O2, the electrode potential of the Si with deposited Ag particles shifted to the less noble potential at the initial stage during MACE regardless of the concentrations of electrolyte solution. The cathodic polarization curve of Ag indicated that the cathodic reactions on Ag electrode were affected by the H2O2 concentrations. The anodic polarization curve of Si electrode demonstrated that the dissolution and film formation may occur on Si electrode, which was depended on the HF concentrations. Based on these results, the electrochemical impedance measurement was performed on the Si electrode. The dissolution and oxide film formation as the anodic reactions and the reduction reactions as the cathodic reactions during MACE were discussed to determine the suitable conditions for fabrication of SiNWs on the Si electrode.

References

Haibin Li, Shinya Kato, Yosuke Ishii, Yasuyoshi Kurokawa and Tetsuo Soga, Nano Ex., 3, 045010 (2023).

Ming-Liang Zhang et al, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112, 4444 (2008).
Magnetic Separation of Metal Ions Using Wet High-Gradient Magnetic Separation
Authors: Andrei Petru , Igboanugo Anthony , Brungi Pranathi , Carlstedt Nicholas 
Published: December 2024

High-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) traditionally has been used and currently is being employed commercially to separate ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic and paramagnetic particles with radii over 100 nm. In this presentation we investigate the limits of HGMS for the separation of paramagnetic particles with radii below 100 nm, establish fundamental limits, and discuss possible practical approaches to design the separation system. In addition, we discuss the conditions required to separate metal ions in aqueous solutions. Compared to traditional techniques that use large amounts of chemicals, the magnetic separation of the metal ions is based on the difference between the magnetophoretic forces on ions with different values of the magnetic susceptibilities. The method is environmentally friendly and, depending on the implementation, can be very energy efficient.
In the first part of the presentation, we present the model equations that need to be solved to simulate the magnetic separation of metal ions in aqueous solutions. Then, we use these transport equations to simulate the magnetic separation process and predict and compare the efficiency of magnetic separation on HGMS systems with experimental data. The model considers the aqueous solution and the metal ions as two interpenetrating continua, which we call the solvent continuum and the magnetic particles continuum. The magnetic particles continuum interacts with the external magnetic field and moves through the non-solvent while experiencing a force of resistance similar to the model presented in [1]. The solvent continuum is non-magnetic. Both continua are inert and interact with neighboring elements of the same fluid by means of defined fluid pressure. More details about the mathematical model, underlying assumptions of the model, fundamental limitations, numerical implementation, simulation and experimental results will be presented at the meeting.

References:

[1] P. Andrei, N. Charlstedt, and P. Brungi, “Modeling of Magnetic Separation of Metal Ions in Aqueous Solutions,” to be published IEEE Trans. on Magn., (2024).
First-Principles Study of Photocatalytic Activity of Amorphous TiO2 Surface
Authors: Tamura Sota , Kato Motayasu , Tamura Tomoyuki , Honda Mitsuhiro 
Published: December 2024

Photocatalysts are materials that exhibit many functions on their surface when they exposed to light, such as antifouling, air purification, deodorization, antibacterial, and water purification. Titanium oxide (TiO2) is known as a representative photocatalytic material because it is inexpensive and safe. It is expected to be a solution to recent energy and environmental pollution problems. Therefore, studies have been actively conducted to improve the catalytic activity.
Our group experimentally found that the catalytic activity of an amorphous TiO2 surface is approximately 13 times higher than that of a normal anatase crystalline surface. Therefore, it is considered that we can further improve the catalytic activity by controlling the surface structure. TEM-EELS has been widely used in recent years to observe nanoscale atomic arrangements and electronic structures with high spatial resolution. ELNES (electron energy-loss near-edge structures) spectrum obtained by EELS can provide sensitive information on chemical bonding, valence states and coordination. We observed the amorphous surface of TiO2 samples with high catalytic activity using the atomic resolution electron microscope (JEM-ARM200F @Nitech) and found that spectrum for the surface region were significantly different from those for bulk region. In this study, we aim to clarify the factors that increase the catalytic activity to propose materials with higher catalytic activity using first-principles calculations.
Amorphous surface models were generated by performing high-temperature melting, rapid cooling, and structural relaxation using first-principles MD (molecular dynamics) simulations with SIESTA code [1]. During the MD processes, the coordination number of Ti with oxygen in the amorphous surface region decreased, from 6 to 4 coordination. First-principles Ti L-edge ELNES calculations for the bulk crystalline region and the surface amorphous region were performed with QMAS code [2]. They reproduced the difference between experimental ELNES spectrum for bulk region and surface region well. Therefore, we indicate that the amorphous region of real materials is composed of 4-coordinated Ti. Furthermore, we investigate the reactivity of water molecules which is essential for photocatalytic reactions on the TiO2 surface and the influence of oxygen defects inside TiO2. We indicate unique characteristics of the amorphous surface to clarify the origin of highly active catalytic reactions.
References: [1] J. Solar et al., J. Phys. Cond. Matt. 14, 2745 (2000). [2] T. Tamura et al., Phys. Rev. B 85, 205210 (2012).

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Lithium Metal Anode Using Polyacrylonitrile Supported Metal Nitrates As an Additive in Carbonate-Based Electrolyte
Authors: Kang Hyeonmuk , Moon Jung Hyeon , Cho Yeonbeom , Kang Heechan , Cho EunAe 
Published: December 2024

As the demand for energy storage continues to rise, there is a growing need for research focused on developing high-energy-density and stable batteries. Among various anode materials for lithium batteries, lithium metal stands out as an ideal candidate due to its low redox potential and high specific capacity. Consequently, in the pursuit of post-lithium ion batteries with enhanced energy density, the utilization of lithium metal as an anode is inevitable. However, the stability and safety of lithium metal anodes are compromised by issues such as dendritic growth. When lithium metal comes into contact with organic electrolytes, it reacts to form a solid electrolyte interface (SEI). While the SEI prevents further electrolyte consumption, an unstable SEI layer can lead to uneven diffusion of lithium ions through the SEI and promote the growth of lithium dendrites. Therefore, achieving uniform lithium deposition and establishing a stable SEI is crucial for the safe operation of lithium metal batteries.
Lithium nitrate (LiNO3) is one of the promising electrolyte additives for Li metal anodes as reduction of LiNO3 forms a highly Li+ conductive lithium nitride (Li3N)-rich SEI. However, the application of nitrate additives in carbonate electrolyte has been limited due to poor solubility. Herein, metal nitrate (MNO3 = LiNO3, AgNO3, RbNO3) containing PAN interlayers are synthesized using electrospinning method and are adopted in cells using carbonate-based electrolyte. MNO3 containing polymer interlayer can release additive constantly enabling nitrate act as an electrolyte additive. Despite the expected role of Ag+ and Rb+ cations in enhancing Li deposition morphology, LiNO3 had the best cell performance. In the symmetric test, LiNO3/PAN had the longest cycle life of over 150 cycles whereas AgNO3/PAN and RbNO3/PAN lasted approximately 120 cycles. Furthermore, in full cell using NCM811 cathode, the cell with LiNO3/PAN show 90% retention after 100 cycles. Interestingly, in AgNO3/PAN cell, lithium nucleation overpotential disappeared and interfacial resistance alleviated only in earlier cycles but SEI composition was quite different from other samples probably due to Ag deposited on the Li anode. On the other hand, RbNO3/PAN cell show similar SEI composition and sufficient signs of NO3
- reduction, but non-reacting Rb+ is accumulated in the electrolyte and limit release of RbNO3 from the interlayer.
Role of Li Electrode Redox Potential and Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) Species on the Coulombic Efficiency of LiFSI-DME and LiFSI-FEC Electrolytes
Authors: Wang Daniel , Plaza Rivera Christian Orlando , Iriawan Haldrian , Ceribelli Nicole , Giordano Livia , Shao-Horn Yang 
Published: December 2024

Lithium metal is the ideal candidate to replace conventional carbonaceous anodes due to its high theoretical specific capacity of 3860 mAh/g and low negative thermodynamic potential of -3.040 V vs. SHE [1]. Most organic electrolytes are unstable in the presence of Li metal and are reduced to form a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). One strategy to mitigate electrolyte decomposition is by upshifting the Li electrode redox potential. Ko et al. report positive shifts of up to 0.6 V in the Li electrode potential can influence coulombic efficiency [2]. In recent years, LiFSI-DME and LiFSI-FEC electrolytes with different concentrations have demonstrated highly reversible Li metal plating and stripping coulombic efficiencies of up to 99.1% [3] and 99.64% [4], respectively. While Qian et al. and Suo et al. briefly commented on the increased amount of inorganic content in the SEI, LiFSI concentration’s role on Li metal redox potential and SEI composition remains unclear. Organic species at the Li anode/electrolyte interphase are measured using a recently developed in-situ FTIR method. Cell level performance is evaluated by measuring coulombic efficiency. Complimentary techniques such as NMR and Raman are used to learn about the solvation structure as well as inorganic and soluble electrolyte decomposition products [5]. Novel insight into the relationship between SEI species, Li redox potential, and coulombic efficiency are presented.
References

Cheng, Xin-Bing, et al. "Toward safe lithium metal anode in rechargeable batteries: a review." Chemical reviews 117.15 (2017): 10403-10473.

Ko, Seongjae, et al. "Electrode potential influences the reversibility of lithium-metal anodes." Nature Energy 7.12 (2022): 1217-1224.

Qian, Jiangfeng, et al. "High rate and stable cycling of lithium metal anode." Nature communications 6.1 (2015): 6362.

Suo, Liumin, et al. "Fluorine-donating electrolytes enable highly reversible 5-V-class Li metal batteries." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115.6 (2018): 1156-1161.

Hestenes, Julia C., et al. "Transition metal dissolution mechanisms and impacts on electronic conductivity in composite LiNi0. 5Mn1. 5O4 cathode films." ACS Materials Au 3.2 (2022): 88-101.
Development of Localized High-Concentration Electrolytes Containing DME Solvent for Long-Life and High-Power Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Nakagawa Hirotaka , Aoyama Keigo 
Published: December 2024

1.Introduction
We are promoting electrification towards carbon neutrality, since the evolution of batteries is indispensable, we are developing high energy, high power and long-life lithium-ion batteries.
While Ni-rich layered cathodes such as NCM811 have high capacity, the cycle life using NCM811 at high temperatures decrease. To overcome poor cycle performance, reported localized high concentration electrolytes (LHCE) which contains DMC solvent [1] was adapted to our chemical system and evaluated. Although better cycle performance at high temperature was observed, the resistance of cells using the LHCE should be lowered toward practical application.
In this study, the types and concentrations of solvents were investigated for long-life and high-power battery.
2.Experimental
The LiFSI salt concentration was set to 1.7 mol/L, and mixtures was prepared using 1,2-Dimethoxyethane (DME) and Ethylene carbonate (EC) as solvents, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE) as a diluent as shown in Figure 1 by weight ratio of solvents.
350mAh-class laminate cells were fabricated with NCM811 as the positive electrode active material and a mixture of silicon oxide and graphite as the negative electrode active material. The electrolyte amount was set to 11g/Ah. Resistance measurements were performed at 25°C with a SOC of 50%, applying a 10-second pulse from 0.2 to 2.5C for six points. Cycle tests were carried out at 60°C, charging at 0.3 C rate discharging at 0.8 C rate with cut-off voltage of 3.0-4.15 V.
３. Results and Discussion
The area specific DCR (ASD) and the absolute value of the slope of the capacity retention against the cumulative discharge energy were illustrated on the ternary diagram shown in Figure 2. The weight of EC to 15-20wt.% reduced ASD, and favorable cycle performances were obtained with a weight of TTE at 55wt.% or higher. By optimizing the electrolyte composition using DME, high-temperature cycle performance was improved by 3% and ASD resistance was reduced by 15% compared with reported LHCE using DMC which was shown as “ref” in Figure 2.
The effects of electrolyte compositions and the mechanisms for improving performance will be discussed based on data such as initial charging curves, energy levels of Li-FSI state by DFT calculation, coordination number of Li-FSI by molecular dynamics simulation.
*Since there was the potential risk of the corrosion on an aluminum current collector with our LHCE, investigations were conducted, and results were reported by our colleague.
References: [1] Xia Cao et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 168, 010522 (2021)

Figure 1