bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CIA2 and CIA2‐LIKE are required for optimal photosynthesis and stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Gawroński Piotr , Burdiak Paweł , Scharff Lars B. , Mielecki Jakub , Górecka Magdalena , Zaborowska Magdalena , Leister Dario , Waszczak Cezary , Karpiński Stanisław 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYChloroplast‐to‐nucleus retrograde signaling is essential for cell function, acclimation to fluctuating environmental conditions, plant growth and development. The vast majority of chloroplast proteins are nuclear‐encoded, and must be imported into the organelle after synthesis in the cytoplasm. This import is essential for the development of fully functional chloroplasts. On the other hand, functional chloroplasts act as sensors of environmental changes and can trigger acclimatory responses that influence nuclear gene expression. Signaling via mobile transcription factors (TFs) has been recently recognized as a way of communication between organelles and the nucleus. In this study, we performed a targeted reverse genetic screen to identify dual‐localized TFs involved in chloroplast retrograde signaling during stress responses. We found that CHLOROPLAST IMPORT APPARATUS 2 (CIA2) has a functional plastid transit peptide, and can be located both in chloroplasts and the nucleus. Further, we found that CIA2, along with its homolog CIA2‐like (CIL) are involved in the regulation of Arabidopsis responses to UV‐AB, high light and heat shock. Finally, our results suggest that both CIA2 and CIL are crucial for chloroplast translation. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of signaling events in the chloroplast‐nucleus cross‐talk.
Dal‐induced red blood cell incompatibilities in a Doberman Pinscher with von Willebrand factor deficiency and ehrlichiosis
Authors: Conti‐Patara Andreza , Ngwenyama Thandeka R. , Martin Linda G. , Wardrop K. Jane 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a complex case involving the management of a dog with von Willebrand disease (vWD), active ehrlichiosis infection, nonregenerative anemia, and blood type incompatibility related to theDalantigen.Case SummaryA 13‐week‐oldintact male Doberman Pinscher weighing 7.2 kg was presented to the emergency service for a previous hemorrhaging event and progressive nonregenerative anemia. The dog had received a fresh whole blood transfusion 8 days prior to presentation due to severe anemia. Upon presentation, the puppy was tachycardic, and his mucous membranes were pale. A CBC revealed a nonregenerative anemia with a PCV of 0.11 L/L (11%). von Willebrand factor deficiency was suspected and later confirmed. The dog's blood type was dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 positive, but cross‐matching to 4 RBC units, both DEA 1 positive and negative, failed to yield any compatible units. Antibody against a possibleDalRBC antigen was suspected, and 11 blood donors (Dalmatians and Dobermans) were cross‐matched to find 2 compatible donors. After an uneventful fresh whole blood transfusion, a bone marrow biopsy revealed a hypocellular bone marrow and erythroid hypoplasia. A SNAP4DxPlus test and subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing were positive forEhrlichia ewingiiandE. canis. Treatment with doxycycline was started, and the PCV was 0.17 L/L (17%) at discharge. At the 1‐week follow‐up, the PCV was 0.24 L/L (24%), and the puppy was doing well.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis is a unique case of a dog presenting with several challenging disorders, including vWD resulting in hemorrhage, ehrlichiosis potentially contributing to a nonregenerative anemia, and a blood type incompatibility due to theDalantigen. Doberman Pinschers have a high prevalence of vWD‐ andDal‐negative phenotype, which emphasizes the value of cross‐matching and the recognition of antigen prevalence in specific breeds.
The effect of time on packed cell volume following packed red blood cell transfusion in anemic dogs
Authors: Morris Jennifer L. , Bloch Christopher P. , Brabson Tamera L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the PCV at several timepoints following packed red blood cell (pRBC) administration to anemic dogs and to assess if underlying cause of anemia or regenerative status significantly affects these measurements.DesignProspective, observational study from November 2016 to October 2017.SettingA small animal emergency and specialty hospital.AnimalsForty‐six anemic client‐owned dogs that received a total of 50 pRBC transfusions for management of anemia.InterventionsBlood was collected, and a PCV was obtained prior to pRBC transfusion (T0), immediately after (T1), 30 minutes after (T2), 1 hour after (T3), 2 hours after (T4), and 4 hours after (T5) the transfusion. Underlying causes of anemia were classified as hemorrhage, hemolysis, and ineffective erythropoiesis. Dogs were also categorized in regard to regenerative status of anemia and the presence or absence of expected continued blood loss or destruction.Measurements and Main ResultsThe mean PCV atT0 was 0.15 L/L (15%). After administration of a pRBC transfusion, the mean PCV atT1 was 0.28 L/L (28%). For all other timepoints (T2,T3,T4, andT5), the mean PCV was 0.27 L/L (27%). The PCV did not change significantly over time post‐transfusion (P = 0.184), and no pairwise combinations of times differed significantly (pairedt‐tests;P > 0.05 for all). When dogs were categorized via regeneration status and continued blood loss or hemolysis, results were consistent.ConclusionsThere was no significant change in PCV from the value obtained immediately after pRBC transfusion up to 4 hours post‐transfusion in dogs with several different causes of anemia. These results suggest that obtaining a PCV immediately after administering a pRBC transfusion to an anemic dog may be just as reliable as obtaining a measurement 2 hours after the transfusion. This remains true for dogs with expected continued red blood cell loss or destruction.
Impact of diurnal variation, sex, tear collection method, and disease state on tear protein levels in dogs
Authors: Page Lauren , Allbaugh Rachel A. , Mochel Jonathan P. , Peraza Jacqueline , Bertram Morgan , Sebbag Lionel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of various biological factors on total protein concentration (TPC) and serum albumin levels in canine tears.Animals studied10 healthy beagles (5 female, 5 male) were used.ProceduresExperiments were conducted on separate days, collecting tears with either capillary tubes or Schirmer strips, as follows: (i) Tear collection at 3 hours intervals (from 6 am to 12 am); and (ii) Tear collection before and 20 minutes following topical histamine application (1, 10, 375 mg/mL) to induce mild, moderate, and severe conjunctivitis, respectively. TPC and serum albumin were measured with infrared spectroscopy and ELISA, respectively.ResultsTear film TPC and serum albumin ranged from 9.7‐26.1 mg/mL and 6.4‐1662.6 µg/mL, respectively. Protein levels did not differ significantly among time points (P ≥ .080). Median coefficient of variation (CV%) was lower with Schirmer strips compared to capillary tubes for both TPC (12% vs 15%, P = .020) and serum albumin (57% vs 78%, P = .232). TPC (P < .001), but not serum albumin was greater in male vs. female dogs. Serum albumin, but not TPC (P ≥ .099), increased significantly with each grade of conjunctivitis severity (P < .001), with no differences between collection devices (P ≥ .322); median increase was 106%, 1389%, and 2871% in eyes with mild, moderate, and severe conjunctivitis, respectively.ConclusionsThere is no apparent diurnal variation in canine tear protein levels. Blood‐tear barrier breakdown with conjunctivitis allows serum albumin to leak into the tear film at high concentrations. Schirmer strips compare well with capillary tubes for bioanalytical purposes in healthy and diseased eyes, and this collection method may offer improved reproducibility for protein quantification.
Performance Evaluation of the Data Clustering Techniques and Cluster Validity Indices for Efficient Toolpath Development for Incremental Sheet Forming
Authors: Nagargoje Aniket , Kankar Pavan K. , Jain Prashant K. , Tandon Puneet 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The goal of current research is to compare the data clustering techniques and cluster validity indices for geometrical feature extraction using point cloud. Here, the point clouds are generated by slicing of the computer-aided design (CAD) surface, and the data on each slice is used as inputs to the clustering algorithms. The clustering techniques are used to detect the multiple closed contours on the planer datasets. In this paper, the four most popular clustering techniques, i.e., partition-based (K-means), density-based (DBSCAN), single linkage hierarchical clustering, a variant of hierarchical clustering, and graph-based (spectral) clustering technique are compared using four different datasets. The single linkage hierarchical clustering is preferred over the other variants as it detects the arbitrarily shaped clusters efficiently and effectively. The comparison is based on the ability of successful detection of the closed contours on the planer dataset, the time required, and the input needed for the algorithm. From the investigations, it is found that DBSCAN is the most suitable technique for the feature-based toolpaths (FBTs) development. Besides, for the quality assessment of the clustering solutions and to pinpoint the superlative validity indices, techniques like Calinski-Harabasz, Ball-Hall, Davies-Bouldin, Dunn, Det Ratio, Silhouette, Trace WiB, and Log Det Ratio are compared. The solutions of the clustering techniques are used to compare the validity indices. On the basis of comparative analysis, it is concluded that the Ball-Hall, Dunn, Det Ratio, and Log Det Ratio indices are the best validity criterions for the arbitrary shaped closed contours. The overall outcomes of this research will help in building the algorithms for the feature-based toolpath development strategies for the various manufacturing processes using data science and machine learning techniques.
Contact Kinematics Between Three-Dimensional Rigid Bodies With General Surface Parameterization
Authors: Xiao MuBang , Ding Ye 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper provides an improvement of classic Montana's contact kinematics equations considering non-orthogonal object parameterizations. In Montana's model, the reference frame used to define the relative motion between two rigid bodies in three-dimensional space is chosen as the Gauss frame, assuming there is an orthogonal coordinate system on the object surface. To achieve global orthogonal parameterizations on arbitrarily shaped object surfaces, we define the relative motion based on the reference frame field, which is the orthogonalization of the surface natural basis at every contact point. The first- and second-order contact kinematics, including the velocity and acceleration analysis of the relative rolling, sliding, and spinning motion, are reformulated based on the reference frame field and the screw theory. We use two simulation examples to illustrate the proposed method. The examples are based on simple non-orthogonal surface parameterizations, instead of seeking for global orthogonal parameterizations on the surfaces.
A Novel Origami-Inspired Delta Mechanism With Flat Parallelogram Joints
Authors: Kalafat Merve Acer , Sevinç Hasan , Samankan Shahrad , Altınkaynak Atakan , Temel Zeynep 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In robotics, the origami-based design methodology uses straightforward fabrication and assembly processes to create small-scale parallel mechanisms. Delta mechanisms are among the well-known parallel mechanisms used mostly in pick-and-place operations due to their capability to reach high speeds and accelerations. In this work, we present a novel Delta mechanism based on origami-inspired designs and two-dimensional layer-by-layer fabrication methods, reducing the time and errors in manufacturing. We developed a new flat parallelogram providing translations in X–Y–Z directions, respecting the Delta mechanism’s conventional kinematic models. The fabrication and assembly processes include laser machining and lamination, eliminating manual-folding and bonding steps. The mechanism operates in a 20 × 20 × 20 mm3 workspace and a 17.5 cm diameter circular footprint when it is entirely flat. The kinematic performance of the mechanism is analyzed using a six degrees-of-freedom position sensor on the end effector. The experiments are conducted to follow circular trajectories with varying radii at different heights. Despite having no feedback control from the end effector, the mechanism follows the given trajectories with 1.5 mm root-mean-square (RMS) precision. We also present the effects of the elasticity of flexible materials at different regions of the mechanism on the performance of the Delta robot.
Cooling Mechanisms in a Rotating Brake Disc With a Wire-Woven-Bulk Diamond Cellular Core
Authors: Atkins Michael D. , Kienhöfer Frank W. , Kang Kiju , Lu Tian Jian , Kim Tongbeum 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Thermofluidic behaviors governing the enhanced cooling performance of the wire-woven-bulk diamond (WBD) cored brake disc in comparison with the conventional pin-finned brake disc used on heavy vehicles were characterized experimentally. For each type of brake disc, detailed internal thermofluidic data of the two rotating brake discs were obtained using transient thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) for end-wall heat transfer and particle image velocimetry (PIV) for the inflow field. The results demonstrate that the pin-finned brake disc exhibits a circumferentially periodic curved inline-like passage flow and large dead flow regions, with strong recirculation that reduces its thermal dissipation performance. The cooling advantage of the WBD core is primarily attributed to the combination of enlarged heat transfer surface area (both end-wall and core) and greater utilization of the larger surface due to favorable fluidic behavior developed from the WBD topology. The internal WBD core has approximately three times the surface density of the pin-finned disc which, in combination with the smaller and weaker recirculation zones, leads to more effective usage of the available core surface area for thermal dissipation. The aerodynamic anisotropy of the WBD core induced by its topological anisotropy causes a globally irregular thermofluidic distribution in the brake disc.
Influence of Plasticity and Friction on the Contact Mechanics of Auxetic Materials
Authors: Saxena Shreya , Fardan Ahmed , Ahmed Rehan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractContact interactions play an important role in the tribological behavior of engineering materials. This paper develops a finite element model to investigate the contact mechanics and stress distribution of auxetic materials, i.e., materials with negative Poisson’s ratio. The model results are compared with numerical and mathematical models for isotropic auxetic polymers. The indentation of auxetic materials is analyzed for the effects of friction, plasticity and allowing separation after contact with a spherical indenter using a commercial software, abaqus. The results are discussed in terms of stress profiles, force-indentation depth curves, plasticity, friction, internal energy, compressibility, sink-in, and the pile-up of material. It is concluded that for purely elastic contact, the indentation resistance increases for auxetic materials and the inclusion of friction shifts subsurface stresses closer to the surface. However, the introduction of plasticity negates the improvement of increased indentation resistance. The pile-up of material around the indent reduces for auxetic materials which makes them more suitable for rolling/sliding contacts. The internal strain energy decreases for purely elastic contact and increases for an elastic/plastic contact.
Design Considerations of a Subsea Shuttle Tanker System for Liquid Carbon Dioxide Transportation
Authors: Xing Yihan , Ong Muk Chen , Hemmingsen Tor , Ellingsen Kjell Einar , Reinås Lorents 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSubsea pipelines and umbilicals are used for the transportation of fluids and electrical power between subsea installations and floating production units (FPUs). The installation and maintenance of these systems can be expensive. In a conventional subsea field development, the produced fluids can be transported from the well to a FPU where they can be offloaded to a tanker (surface ship). In the case of carbon dioxide (CO2) injection into the well, the direction of flow is reversed, i.e., CO2 flows from the tanker to the FPU, down the riser base and through the subsea pipelines to the well. This offloading process is weather-dependent and cannot be performed in severe weather conditions, i.e., strong winds and large waves. This paper presents a novel subsea shuttle tanker system proposed by Equinor ASA designed to be a possible alternative to subsea pipelines, umbilicals, and tanker ships. The subsea shuttle is intended to operate submerged under the sea surface to transport liquid CO2 from an existing offshore/land facility where CO2 is captured to a subsea well where the CO2 is injected into the reservoir. As the shuttle is subsea, it can operate under any type of weather conditions. Even though the subsea shuttle is proposed as a vehicle for liquid CO2 transport, it can also transport other types of cargo such as hydrocarbons, injection fluids, electrical power, or subsea tools. The paper will discuss the most important design considerations surrounding the subsea shuttle tanker.
Elasticity of Anisotropic Low-Density Lattice Materials
Authors: Molavitabrizi Danial , Mousavi S. Mahmoud 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Computational first-order homogenization theory is used for the elastic analysis of generally anisotropic lattice materials within classical continuum mechanics. The computational model is tailored for structural one-dimensional (1D) elements, which considerably reduces the computational cost comparing to previously developed models based on solid elements. The effective elastic behavior of lattice materials is derived consistently with several homogenization approaches including strain- and stress-based methods together with volume and surface averaging. Comparing the homogenization based on the Hill–Mandel Lemma and constitutive approach, a shear correction factor is also introduced. In contrast to prior studies that are usually limited to a specific class of lattice materials such as lattices with cubic symmetry or similarly situated joints, this computational tool is applicable for the analysis of any planar or spatial stretching- and bending-dominated lattices with arbitrary topology and anisotropy. Having derived the elasticity of the lattice, the homogenization is then complemented by the symmetry identification based on the monoclinic distance function. This step is essential for lattices with non-apparent symmetry. Using the computational model, nine different spatial anisotropic lattices are studied among which four are fully characterized for the first time, i.e., non-regular tetrahedron (with trigonal symmetry), rhombicuboctahedron type a (with cubic symmetry), rhombicuboctahedron type b (with transverse isotropy), and double-pyramid dodecahedron (with tetragonal symmetry).
Capacitive Performance of Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified Sodium Ion-Intercalated Manganese Oxide Composite Electrode
Authors: Xie Yibing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The reduced graphene oxide modified sodium ion-intercalated manganese oxide (RGO-NaxMnO2) is designed as a supercapacitor electrode material. The layered intercalation compound NaxMnO2 is prepared through a solid-state reaction process. RGO-NaxMnO2 is then formed by the chemical reduction of graphene oxide coated NaxMnO2 through a hydrothermal process. RGO-NaxMnO2 is supported on the substrate of nickel form (NF) and titanium nitride (TiN) to form RGO-NaxMnO2/NF and RGO-NaxMnO2/TiN composite electrodes. NaxMnO2 has a particle aggregate structure with the individual particle size of 1–2 µm. RGO-NaxMnO2 composite shows the densely packed arrangement of particles with the particle aggregate size of 8 µm. RGO modification can well improve the electrical conductivity of RGO-NaxMnO2. The current response is highly enhanced from 0.127 A g−1 for NaxMnO2/NF to 0.372 A g−1 for RGO-NaxMnO2/NF at 2 mV s−1. Furthermore, the TiN substrate with superior electrical conductivity and electrochemical anti-corrosion contributes to improving the electrochemical capacitance and cycle stability of RGO-NaxMnO2. RGO-NaxMnO2/TiN reveals higher specific capacitance (244.2 F g−1 at 2.0 A g−1) and higher cycling capacitance retention (99.7%) after 500 cycles at 2.0 A g−1 than RGO-NaxMnO2/NF (177.1 F g−1, 43.6%). So, RGO-NaxMnO2/TiN exhibits much higher capacitive performance than RGO-NaxMnO2/NF, which presents a potential application for electrochemical energy storage.
Temperature-Programmed Oxidation Experiments on Typical Bituminous Coal Under Inert Conditions
Authors: Zhang Yansong , Wang Houwang , Du Wenzhou , Niu Kuo , Wei Xiangrui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this study, an experimental investigation was presented on the oxidation behaviors of bituminous coal for different inert gases (N2 and CO2) at different concentrations (oxygen concentration indexes 21%, 18.4%, 15.8%, and 13.1%) using a temperature-programmed experimental device. The purpose of this research was to examine the oxidation patterns of bituminous coal under different inert conditions. The results showed that: (1) the oxidative heating of the coal underwent two stages: an initial slow heating stage and a fast heating stage. The injection of both inert gases would result in a delay in the crossing point temperature (CPT) of the coal, but the injection of N2 resulted in greater delays in the CPT of the coal; (2) the injection of both N2 and CO2 inhibited the concentrations of CO and alkane/olefin gases produced from the oxidative heating of the coal, with CO2 displaying higher inhibition efficiencies than that of N2; (3) Under a non-inerting environment, the C2H4 and C2H6 generation temperatures were 110 °C and 100 °C. Under an inerting environment, when N2 was injected, the higher the N2 concentration, the higher the initial C2H4 and C2H6 generation temperatures; when CO2 was injected, the higher the CO2 concentration, the lower the initial C2H4 and C2H6 generation temperatures; and (4) under a non-inerting environment, the C3H8 generation temperature was 90 °C; and when an inert gas was injected, there was a hysteresis in the C3H8 generation temperature for all concentrations. The above research results can be used to predict the spontaneous combustion of residual coal in an inert environment and prevent fires.