bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of primary anastomosis and staged surgery in emergency treatment of complicated Crohn's disease
Authors: Liu Rui Qing , Guo Dong , Qiao Shuai Hua , Yin Yi , Guo Zhen , Gong Jian Feng , Li Yi , Zhu Wei Ming 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesStaged surgery (SS) and primary anastomosis (PA) are alternatives to emergency surgery in Crohn's disease (CD). This study aimed to compare postoperative patient outcomes and medical cost of SS and PA for CD emergencies.MethodsConsecutive patients with CD undergoing emergency surgery between December 1997 and January 2017 in three centers were included. The PA and SS groups were compared regarding patient outcomes including postoperative complications and surgical recurrence, as well as hospitalization costs.ResultsAltogether 96 (39.5%) patients underwent an emergency PA, and 147 (60.5%) underwent an emergency SS. The incidence of intra‐abdominal septic complications (IASC) in the PA group was 15.6% compared with 7.5% in the SS group (P = 0.04). The length of hospitalization was longer (32.36 ± 1.76 d vs 19.33 ± 2.36 d, P <0.01) and the hospitalization cost was higher in the SS group (USD 15 811.1 ± 1697.1 vs USD 8345.3 ± 919.5, P <0.01) than the PA group. SS correlated with a lower surgical recurrence rate than PA (log‐rank test, P = 0.04). Presence of diffuse peritonitis, perforating or colonic disease, decision of operation choice made by a senior consultant and more than two concurrent surgical indications were related to the need for SS in emergencies. Localized peritonitis, body mass index (>18.5 kg/m2) and iatrogenic perforation were significantly associated with a low risk of IASC in the PA group.ConclusionSS can be performed with limited IASC and low surgical recurrence rates for surgical emergencies in CD, although it increases hospitalization costs and delays discharge.
Dsuite ‐ Fast D‐statistics and related admixture evidence from VCF files
Authors: Malinsky Milan , Matschiner Michael , Svardal Hannes 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPatterson's D, also known as the ABBA‐BABA statistic, and related statistics such as the f4‐ratio, are commonly used to assess evidence of gene flow between populations or closely related species. Currently available implementations often require custom file formats, implement only small subsets of the available statistics, and are impractical to evaluate all gene flow hypotheses across data sets with many populations or species due to computational inefficiencies. Here, we present a new software package Dsuite, an efficient implementation allowing genome scale calculations of the D and f4‐ratio statistics across all combinations of tens or hundreds of populations or species directly from a variant call format (VCF) file. Our program also implements statistics suited for application to genomic windows, providing evidence of whether introgression is confined to specific loci, and it can also aid in interpretation of a system of f4‐ratio results with the use of the “f‐branch” method. Dsuite is available at https://github.com/millanek/Dsuite, is straightforward to use, substantially more computationally efficient than comparable programs, and provides a convenient suite of tools and statistics, including some not previously available in any software package. Thus, Dsuite facilitates the assessment of evidence for gene flow, especially across larger genomic data sets.
Linking abiotic stress, plant metabolites, biostimulants and functional food
Authors: Teklić Tihana , Parađiković Nada , Špoljarević Marija , Zeljković Svjetlana , Lončarić Zdenko , Lisjak Miroslav 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlants must cope with different environmental stresses during their whole lifetime. Abiotic stresses like drought, salt, mineral nutrition disturbances and temperature stress are commonly interconnected through some physiological events in stressed plants, such as the synthesis of protective plant compounds as a response to stress. Many of these, produced within plant primary or secondary metabolism, act as functional compounds not exclusively in plants but in other organisms as well. Concurrently, many of the active compounds in biostimulants which can support plant stress tolerance and productivity in adverse growth conditions are the metabolites or intermediates that may influence the plant's edible parts nutritional quality. Such effects of biostimulants application are not elucidated enough, therefore, we aimed to give an overview of recent advances in the research related to the interplay among abiotic stress, plant response, biostimulants effects and plant‐derived functional food, focusing on plant metabolites as the link which connects the environment with the food chain.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in a sample of individuals with bipolar disorders: results from the FACE‐BD cohort
Authors: Godin Ophelia , Leboyer Marion , Belzeaux Raoul , Bellivier Frank , Loftus Joséphine , Courtet Philippe , Dubertret Caroline , Gard Sebastien , Henry Chantal , Llorca Pierre‐Michel , Schwan Raymund , Passerieux Christine , Polosan Mircea , Samalin Ludovic , Olié Emilie , Etain Bruno ,   FondaMental Advanced Centers of Expertise in Bipolar Disorders (FACE‐BD) Collaborators
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveNon‐Alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most common liver disease in Western populations. While obesity and metabolic abnormalities are highly frequent in bipolar disorders (BD), no studies have been performed to estimate the prevalence of NALFD in individuals with BD. The aim of our study is to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD and to identify the potential associated risk factors in a large sample of BD individuals.MethodsBetween 2009 and 2019, 1969 BD individuals from the FACE‐BD cohort were included. Individuals with liver diseases, Hepatitis B or C, and current alcohol use disorders were excluded from the analyses. A blood sample was drawn from participants. Screening of NAFLD was determined using fatty liver index (FLI). Individuals with FLI> 60 were considered as having NAFLD.ResultsThe prevalence of NAFDL in this sample was estimated at 28.4%. NAFLD was observed in 40% of men and 21% of women. NAFLD was independently associated with older age, male gender, sleep disturbances, and current use of atypical antipsychotics or anxiolytics. As expected, the prevalence of NALFD was also higher in individuals with overweight and in those with metabolic syndrome.ConclusionsThis study reinforces the view that individuals with BD are highly vulnerable to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of NAFLD in individuals with BD was two times higher than the prevalence reported in the general population. The regular screening of the MetS in individuals with BD should be therefore complemented by the additional screening of NAFLD among these vulnerable individuals.
Volatile flavor changes responding to heat stress‐induced lipid oxidation in duck meat
Authors: He Yuxin , Zhou Mingyang , Xia Chenlan , Xia Qiang , He Jun , Cao Jinxuan , Pan Daodong , Sun Yangying 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effects of heat stress on lipid oxidation and volatile compounds in duck meat were investigated. To simulate heat stress on ducks, room‐temperature was controlled at 25°C, except that a raised temperature of 32°C for 8 hr each day was conducted. After stress for 1 and 3 weeks, respectively, the birds were euthanized and the breast meat was separated to evaluate the changes of lipid oxidation and volatile flavor compounds. Results showed that heat stress significantly increased the lipoxygenase activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and reduced the contents of free unsaturated fatty acids in duck meat. A total of 85 volatile flavor compounds were detected by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Interestingly, when exposed to heat stress, the volatiles generation in raw duck meat was promoted, which was then inhibited after cooking. These data reveal meat oxidative changes and flavor loss caused by heat stress and provide useful information for potential labels and meat flavor preservation against the negative effects of heat stress.
Matching species traits and microsites improves regeneration in mixed oak woodlands
Authors: López‐Sánchez Aida , Johnson Indigo , Dirzo Rodolfo , Perea Ramón 
Published: October 2020

AbstractQuestionWorldwide, mixed oak woodlands regenerate poorly due to different anthropogenic impacts. Our question is whether spatial distribution (regeneration microsite) of oak recruits is determined by different biotic and abiotic stress agents and whether recruits of co‐occurring oak species may respond differently to each source of stress.LocationMediterranean California mixed oak woodlands.MethodsWe recorded the main regeneration microsites of four co‐occurring oak species (Quercus lobata, Q. douglasii, Q. kelloggii and Q. agrifolia) in 25 belt transects in a nature reserve and identified the main stress agent for each species and microsite. We also analyzed their response to stress through physiological parameters (chlorophyll, flavonol, anthocyanin and nitrogen).ResultsQ. agrifolia and Q. lobata seedlings mostly established under shrubs and trees, respectively. The other species did not have a prime regeneration microsite. Biotic stress occurred more frequently than abiotic (drought) stress for all species. Regarding biotic sources of stress, the deciduous Q. lobata, Q. douglasii and Q. kellogii showed high browsing damage; insect damage was light and occurred mostly in the evergreen Q. agrifolia whereas fungal damage was significantly lower in Q. douglasii. Physiologically, all oak species responded similarly to stress agents although Q. douglasii and Q. kelloggii showed higher chlorophyll content than Q. agrifolia and Q. lobata, which might be related to differences in resilience.ConclusionsDeciduous oaks are particularly vulnerable to overgrazing whereas the evergreen Q. agrifolia seems more affected by fungal and insect damage. Management aimed at the co‐existence of deciduous and evergreen oaks should consider the enhancement of microsites that best ameliorate the impact of predicted stress agents but also the oak physiological responses (i.e. resilience) to each stress agent. We suggest keeping low ungulate densities and carefully consider the species selection in assisted regeneration projects depending on the predominant stress agent and microsite.
Pre‐clinical pharmacological profile of QF‐036, a potent HIV‐1 maturation inhibitor
Authors: Zhao Li , He Hong‐Hong , Ou‐Yang Ting , Liu Di‐Fa , Jiang Chun‐Hong , Yang He‐Ping , Wang Pei , Xie Ning , Yan Shou‐Sheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractQF‐036 is an HIV‐1 maturation inhibitor in pre‐clinical development, and its antiviral activity against a laboratory HIV‐1 strain and two drug‐resistant strains was determined in the C8166 line. QF‐036 was also subjected to absorption, distribution and metabolism (ADM) assessment in vitro, and pharmacokinetic profiles were evaluated in rats and monkeys. The 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of QF‐036 against the three strains were 20.36 nM, 0.39 μM and 2.11 nM, respectively, demonstrating better antiviral potential than the first‐generation antiviral maturation inhibitor bevirimat. QF‐036 demonstrated moderate cell permeability, high plasma protein binding ability and good metabolic stability in vitro. After oral QF‐036 administration to rats and monkeys, both species exhibited moderate bioavailability, and the plasma drug exposure increased in an approximately dose‐proportional manner. When administered orally (30 mg/kg) to monkeys, the QF‐036 plasma concentration (Cmax) peaked at 3671 ng/mL (4.82 μM), 12 to 2410 times higher than the EC50 of laboratory or resistant HIV‐1 strains. Moreover, the plasma concentration of QF‐036 at 12 hours after administration was 263 ng/mL (0.35 μM), which approximately matched the highest EC50 value of the three test strains. The favourable viral inhibitory activity and pharmacokinetic properties provide critical support for QF‐036 as a promising anti‐HIV therapeutic candidate.
Species distribution models predict the geographic expansion of an enzootic amphibian pathogen
Authors: Zumbado‐Ulate Héctor , García‐Rodríguez Adrián , Searle Catherine L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlobally, numerous amphibian species have declined due to the introduction of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). However, the understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics remains incomplete. Therefore, estimating the current geographic distribution of Bd is urgently needed, especially in countries like Costa Rica, where susceptible species are still recovering from Bd‐driven declines. We conducted model tuning and spatial analysis to compare the habitat suitability for epizootic and enzootic Bd in Costa Rica and to identify data‐deficient regions, opportunistic sampling, and Bd hotspots. Our dataset combined two methods of detection (histology and PCR methods) for a total of 451 Bd‐positive records from 34 localities. We found that the distribution of enzootic Bd in Costa Rica increased 60% since previous estimates in the early 2000s and extended to highlands and dry lowlands that were considered unsuitable for Bd. We also found that Bd is common across protected lands (80%) and within the herpetological provinces containing the highest amphibian richness and endemism in Costa Rica. Opportunistic sampling of Bd has focused on sites where epizootics occurred with the strongest intensity, leading to deficient or absent sampling across the Talamanca Range, the Nicoya Peninsula, and the northern lowlands. Our results showed that PCR increased the power of Bd detection in lowlands and favored the identification of Bd hotspots across the Caribbean side of Costa Rica. Our results add to the understanding of disease spread during enzootics and can be used to identify new hotspots for disease to mitigate future outbreaks of this pathogen.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material
Microwave ablation of symptomatic benign thyroid nodules: Short‐ and long‐term effects on thyroid function tests, thyroglobulin and thyroid autoantibodies
Authors: Erturk Mehmet Sercan , Cekic Bulent , Celik Mehmet , Ucar Havva 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveMicrowave ablation therapy has been attracting great attention due to its advantages such as low complication rate, good cosmetic results and effective nodule shrinking. Although the effect of thermal ablation therapy on the nodule volume reduction rate has been shown several studies, a limited number of papers have been reported for the effects of microwave ablation (MWA) on thyroid function tests. The aim of this study was to investigate the short‐ and long‐term effects of MWA therapy on thyroid function tests (TFTs), thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid autoantibodies in euthyroid patients.Design, patients and measurementsDemographic data of the patients, TFTs, Tg, thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid volume of the nodules were recorded before the procedure and follow‐up. Any differences in serum thyroid hormone levels were investigated in pre‐, post‐ and 6‐month follow‐up periods before and after MWA.ResultsThe difference between all thyroid hormone levels at pre MWA and 24 h after MWA was statistically significant (p < .001). FT3 (4.62) pmol/L and FT4 (10.81) pmol/L median levels increased significantly (p < .001), while thyrotropin (TSH) levels decreased at 24 h after MWA (p < .001). Thyroid antibodies levels were not statistically different at 6‐month (p > .05), whereas Tg levels decreased (p < .001) compared to pre MWA.ConclusionsWhile no significant effect was observed at 6 month, the effect of MWA on thyroid function tests was prominent at 24 h.
Identifying factors associated with spontaneous restoration of hearing in children with otitis media with effusion
Authors: Edwards Lowri , Cannings‐John Rebecca , Butler Christopher , Francis Nick 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo identify predictors of acceptable hearing at 5 weeks, 6 and 12 months in children with bilateral otitis media with effusion (OME).Design and settingSecondary analysis of OSTRICH data, conducted in hospital ear, nose and throat (ENT) and paediatric audiology and audiovestibular medicine departments across Wales and England.ParticipantsThe OSTRICH study included 389 children aged 2‐8 years with bilateral hearing loss attributable toOME for at least 3 months.Main outcome measuresBaseline, 5‐week, 6‐ and 12‐month audiology measurements were collected and logistic regression models used to identify pre‐randomisation baseline variables that predicted return of acceptable hearing, which was defined as less than or equal to 20 dB hearing loss averaged within the frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz in at least one ear in children assessed by pure tone audiometry, ear‐specific insert visual reinforcement audiometry or ear‐specific play audiometry less than or equal to 25 dB hearing loss averaged within the frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz in children assessed by sound‐field visual reinforcement audiometry or sound‐field performance/play audiometry, based on national guidelines.ResultsLess severe baseline hearing loss across both ears most consistently predicted acceptable hearing at 5 weeks (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.91, 95% CI 0.87‐0.95), 6 months (0.94 [0.90‐0.98]) and 12 months (0.93 [0.89‐0.97]). Negative history of atopy (2.05 [1.16‐3.61]), never using hearing aids (aOR 2.16 [1.04‐4.48]), and being male (1.75 [1.02‐2.99]) were significant at 6 months, but not at 12 months. Symptom duration was a predictor at 5 weeks, but not at 6 or 12 months.ConclusionsMilder baseline hearing loss most consistently predicts acceptable hearing at 5 weeks, 6 and 12 months in children with chronic OME. Negative history of atopy, never using hearing aids, and male gender are associated with better prognosis. These predictors can be used to identify children that may not require treatment.
Can a brief assessment of social support predict outcomes after bariatric surgery?
Authors: Hilgendorf William , Monfared Sara , Monfared Sina Hassan Beygi , Athanasiadis Dimitrios I. , Selzer Don , Choi Jennifer N. , Banerjee Ambar , Stefanidis Dimitrios 
Published: October 2020

SummarySocial support is important to optimize bariatric surgery outcomes, but limited tools exist for brief and effective assessment preoperatively. The aims of the study were to determine the extent to which two ratings of social support can predict bariatric surgery outcomes, and to examine any associations between these two methods.In this retrospective study, patients were included for whom the Cleveland clinic behavioral rating system (CCBRS) and Flanagan quality of life scale (FQoLS) scores were obtained as part of their preoperative psychosocial evaluation. They were followed up for 6 to 24 months after bariatric surgery. Linear and logistic regressions were performed with patients' CCBRS and FQoLS scores as independent variables, and percent excess weight loss (%EWL), length of stay (LOS), complications, readmissions and loss to follow‐up as dependent variables. The prediction of CCBRS ratings from FQoLS social support items was also evaluated. A total of 415 patients were included in the analysis. There were significant associations between the CCBRS and three of the four relevant FQoLS self‐ratings. As CCBRS and FQoLS scores increased, complications decreased significantly. The CCBRS alone additionally predicted decreased length of hospital stay and approached significance for predicting decreased readmission rates. There were no associations between %EWL and behavior ratings. The degree of patients' social support is associated with important bariatric surgery outcomes. It is possible to obtain this valuable information via the administration of brief assessments prior to bariatric surgery.
Combination of endosonography‐guided fine‐needle aspiration and conventional endoscopic techniques in sarcoidosis diagnosis. Optimal strategy to achieve high diagnostic yield
Authors: Kasper Lukasz , Andrychiewicz Anna , Gross‐Sondej Iwona , Soja Jerzy , Kasper Marta , Tomaszewska Romana , Urbanczyk Katarzyna , Sladek Krzysztof 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionDiagnosis of sarcoidosis is based on clinical status and radiologic specific findings. Tissue confirmation of noncaseating granulomas is crucial. Pathological confirmation of pulmonary sarcoidosis is most commonly accomplished by bronchoscopy, which has a diagnostic yield of approximately 60%–70%.ObjectivesIn this prospective study, we analysed potential benefit of EBUS‐TBNA and EBB combination, application of cell blocks and smears with puncturing more than one station of lymph nodes in order to determine optimal strategy in diagnosis of sarcoidosis.MethodsAbout 133 patients with suspicion of sarcoidosis (stage I and stage II) were included in this study. Each patient underwent conventional bronchoscopy with endobronchial biopsy (EBB) followed by the EBUS and puncturing at least two different lymph node stations.ResultsPositive cytopathological verification of sarcoidosis in our study was obtained in 123 patients (92.5%). EBUS‐TBNA was diagnostic in 116 patients (87.2%). EBB was positive in 26 patients (19.55%). Combination of EBUS‐TBNA and EBB statistically increased diagnostic yield of sarcoidosis to 92.5%. Sensitivity of EBUS‐TBNA with EBB was 93.9%, specificity 100%, PPV 100% and NPV 20%.ConclusionsCombining EBUS‐TBNA from at least two lymph node stations and EBB increased diagnostic yield of sarcoidosis. Such diagnostic strategy had almost 93% of diagnostic yield in stage I and stage II of sarcoidosis. Taking into account the safety of the whole procedure with endobronchial ultrasonography combined with conventional endoscopy with EBB and its cost effectiveness, TBLB can be intended to diagnose stage III or IV of pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Absent pulmonary valve or pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum: Which is it?
Authors: Nealon Erin , Berman Darren , Rowland Daniel , Boe Brian , Lloyd Eric , Cua Clifford L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA fetal echocardiogram noted valvar pulmonary atresia vs critical pulmonary valve stenosis, confluent pulmonary arteries, patent ductus arteriosus, and an apical muscular ventricular septal defect vs coronary sinusoid. Postnatal echocardiogram documented an absent pulmonary valve, coronary artery fistula to the right ventricle, confluent pulmonary arteries, and a patent ductus arteriosus. Catheterization confirmed the postnatal echocardiographic findings except there was no antegrade flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries. Close evaluation of all imaging modalities revealed the final diagnosis of absent pulmonary valve with a double‐chambered right ventricle with no egress from the right ventricle to pulmonary artery.
Isolated papillary muscle rupture with nonobstructive coronary artery disease, minimal myocardial infarction, and normal wall motion
Authors: Nakou Eleni S. , Theodoropoulos Konstantinos C. , Shaikh Hizbullah , Amin‐Youssef George , Monaghan Mark J. , Papachristidis Alexandros 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPapillary muscle (PM) rupture can usually complicate inferior or posterior myocardial infarctions, but selective PM infarction is extremely rare, and the exact underlying pathophysiological mechanism is not entirely clear. We present a case of PM rupture due to isolated PM infarction in a patient with unobstructed coronary arteries, which could be misdiagnosed as a vegetation or other mass given the absence of regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMAs) on transthoracic echocardiogram. Our case highlights that in patients with severe mitral regurgitation and associated mitral valve mass, the absence of RWMAs should not exclude ischemic PM rupture from differential diagnosis.