bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of an actual insulin injection demonstration on insulin acceptance among patients with T2DM: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Choomai Atthayaporn , Wattanapisit Apichai , Tiangtam Orathai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction. Insulin injection refusal is a challenge when initiating insulin therapy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an actual insulin injection demonstration on insulin acceptance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods. A pragmatic randomised controlled trial (RCT) was conducted. The participants were patients with T2DM aged 18–65 years old. The control group (CG) received an educational programme regarding T2DM. The intervention group (IG) received the educational programme and actual insulin injection demonstration (a physician-led sample insulin injection using an insulin pen). The main outcome was immediate insulin acceptance. Insulin adherence, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and adverse effects of insulin were evaluated at three months after the intervention.

Results. Forty-nine participants with T2DM were allocated to the IG (n = 24) and the CG (n = 25). The immediate insulin acceptance was significantly higher in the IG (79.17%, n = 19) than the CG (24.00%, n = 6; p < 0.05; RR 3.30, 95% CI 1.59 to 6.82). At the three-month follow-up, the insulin adherence was significantly different between the two groups (IG: 75.00%, n = 18 vs CG: 20.00%, n = 5; p < 0.05; RR 3.75, 95% CI 1.66 to 8.49). Adverse effects of insulin, HbA1c levels, and changes in HbA1c levels between the IG and CG were not different.

Conclusion. The physician-led actual insulin injection demonstration is effective for increasing insulin acceptance among participants with T2DM.
The Objective and Subjective Ethnolinguistic Vitality of West Frisian: Promotion and Perception of a Minority Language in the Netherlands
Authors: Kuipers-Zandberg Helga , Kircher Ruth 
Published: November 2020

Summary
The study presented here is the first contemporary investigation of the subjective compared to the objective ethnolinguistic vitality of West Frisian. West Frisian is a minority language spoken in the province of Fryslân, in the north of the Netherlands. The objective ethnolinguistic vitality of the language was established on the basis of policy documents and statistical data. To investigate the subjective ethnolinguistic vitality of the language, rich qualitative data were gathered by means of a questionnaire, which – due to low literacy rates – was administered to West Frisian speakers (N=15) in person. The primarily open-ended items in the questionnaire targeted different aspects of the three main socio-structural factors that constitute the ethnolinguistic vitality of a language: that is, status, demography, and institutional support. Content analysis was performed on the questionnaire data, using rounds of deductive and inductive coding and analysis. The results suggest that West Frisian has a certain amount of vitality, which constitutes a good basis for language planning to ensure its continued maintenance. Moreover, the findings indicate that overall, the subjective vitality tallies with the objective vitality in terms of status, demography, and institutional support. However, two aspects raised concern among the participants: firstly, as part of the status of West Frisian, there was concern about the language's presence in the linguistic landscape (where subjective vitality matched objective vitality, but participants explicitly expressed the desire for a more persistent and pervasive presence of the language in public spaces); and secondly, as part of the institutional support for West Frisian, there was concern about the role of the language in the education system (where subjective vitality did not match objective vitality). The article discusses what implications the findings of this exploratory study – should they hold true – would have for language planning in the province of Fryslân.
“A1 for Everyone”: Outline of a Plurilinguistic Project
Authors: Lanza Stefano M. , Lanza Vitalija 
Published: November 2020

Summary
The paper presents a new tool for approaching foreign languages. The “A1 for everyone” (A1FE1) project aims to promote multilingualism (meaning the ability of an individual to use different languages) in tune with the focuses of EU language policy, i.e. “to make a wider range of languages available to learners to allow individual choice”. A1FE1 aims to create a series of compact manuals, language introduction guides, different from self-study courses or tourist phrasebooks, which should allow everyone to reach level A1 (“Breakthrough”) in a foreign language (L2), using the technologies available today and a new reader-tailored approach. In fact it is not a guide for a single language being translated into several others, but each L2 guide is written specifically for a type of L1 users, since combinations of typologically distant languages (Danish for Spanish, Czech for Finnish) must tackle the same A1 material in a different way compared to especially genetically similar languages (Danish for Swedish, Czech for Slovaks). The paper introduces the Italian language guide for Lithuanians (Italų kalba šnekantiems lietuviškai). There are two main principles in this project: the comparative and contrastive approach, which proceeds from what is familiar (L1) to illustrate what is new (L2) and the central role of the lexicon as vehicle of communication and unifying element of the three components of grammar (phonetics, morphology and syntax). This is the reason why the bulk of each guide consists of four sections presenting the sounds, the basic forms, logical connections and words of the L2, followed by a two-way minimal dictionary full with communicative examples. The level descriptors of the Common European Framework are not language-specific, hence A1 structures and lexicon should be selected according to teaching practice resources available in the countries where the L2 is spoken, such as syllabuses, word frequency lists, etc. Audio recordings of all L2 material presented in the guides and additional videos following the books’ structure can be accessed online. Italų kalba šnekantiems lietuviškai will serve in fact as a prototype, outlining practical and problematic aspects to take into consideration when drafting other guides. After its release, feedback from users and field experts will help evaluate the real development possibilities of the project, including the involvement of institutions at European level.
Les compétences dans l’activité et leur analyse
Authors: Leplat Jacques 
Published: November 2020

Competențele si-au câstigat în prezent un loc important în analiza activității în situațiile de muncă. Pot fi întâlnite în contexte diverse, care trebuie să fie cunoscute pentru a evita ambiguități în folosirea lor. După câteva elemente asupra istoricului competențelor în psihologia muncii si în ergonomie, ne propunem să examinăm relația lor cu activitatea, sarcina, tehnica si puterea de acțiune, accentuând necesitatea de a lua în considerare punctul de vedere al dezvoltării acestora. Anumite orientări de cercetare sunt necesare în ceea ce priveste metodologiile de analiză si competențele colective. Concluzia insistă pe importanța situării analizei competențelor în corelare cu analiza activității si a sarcinii.
Analisis Fondasi Raft Pile Bangunan Tinggi Terhadap Struktur Bangunan Di Sekitar
Authors: Giovann Giovann , Sentosa Gregorius Sandjaja 
Published: November 2020

Raft pile is an option for high rise building that has more than 30 stories on soft to moderate soil conditions. Either spun pile or bored pile can be used as the pile foundation. This study focuses on 34-story building that is constructed near electric rail train station, where the soil type is dominantly clay with average N-SPT 20 – 30, there is also thin layer of soil with N-SPT 60. The study compares two types of piles, 30 m depth floating pile and 32 m depth end bearing pile, where the raft thickness is 2 m. The study was conducted by calculating the bearing capacity and settlement with formulas based from correlations of N-SPT and the N-SPT data. Midas 3D also used to simulate the settlement of the building and settlement around the building. The results show that for bored pile with depth of 30 and 32 m respectively has settlement of 20,757 cm and 3,0475 cm while the settlement around the building consecutively is around 10 – 11 cm and 1,5 – 2 cm. Bearing capacity of bored pile with 30 m depth is around 1593,6779 – 5382,5954 kN while bored pile with 32 m depth is around 1978,9153 – 6021,3859 kN.Fondasi rakit merupakan salah satu pilihan yang dapat digunakan untuk bangunan tinggi lebih dari 30 lantai pada tanah kondisi lunak sampai sedang. Untuk jenis fondasi tiang dapat digunakan tiang bor atau tiang pancang. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan studi fondasi bangunan 34 lantai yang didirikan dekat dengan stasiun kereta rel listrik di mana lapisan tanah dominan lempung dengan N-SPT rata-rata 20 – 30 dan juga ada nilai N-SPT 60 namun berupa lapisan tipis. Studi dilakukan dengan membandingkan dua jenis tiang yaitu tiang dengan daya dukung friksi kedalaman 30 m dan tiang dengan daya dukung ujung kedalaman 32 m dengan ketebalan fondasi rakit 2 m. Studi dilakukan dengan menghitung daya dukung serta penurunan menggunakan pendekatan rumus-rumus berdasarkan data N-SPT dan korelasi dari data N-SPT, juga dilakukan simulasi Midas 3D untuk mengetahui besar penurunan yang terjadi di sekitar bangunan. Dari hasil studi banding diperoleh penurunan fondasi tiang 30 m dan tiang 32 m berturut-turut sebesar 20,757 cm dan 3,0475 cm sedangkan penurunan sekitarnya diperoleh berturut-turut 10 – 11 cm dan 1,5 – 2 cm. Daya dukung yang diperoleh tiang 30 m berkisar 1593,6779 – 5382,5954 kN dan tiang 32 m berkisar 1978,9153 – 6021,3859 kN.
Analisis Alternatif Perbaikan Tanah Lunak dan Sangat Lunak pada Jalan Tol
Authors: Putra Christian Eka , Makarim Chaidir Anwar 
Published: November 2020

The existence of soft soil is one of the problems in the field of construction. Soft soil is soil that has high water content and low carrying capacity. In the case of this toll road, soil investigation at the site shows that the subgrade in the toll road planning is soft clay soil to a depth of 32 meters so that soil improvement is needed. High landfill built on soft subgrade without reinforcement will experience landslides. So it is necessary to strengthen the landfill and repair the subgrade to prevent road slides. The soil improvement methods in use are vacuum preloading and Prefabricated Vertical Drain with the vacuum functioning as an additional load. In addition to accelerating the consolidation process, the vacuum can also reduce the height of the embankment needed to achieve the desired planned road elevation. Strengthening with geotextile is also carried out on the landfill with a height of 5.94 meters so that there is no landslide on the fill. Using soil improvement methods such as vacuum preloading and prefabricated vertical drain will increase the bearing capacity of the soil so that differences in bearing capacity occur before and after repair. AbstrakKeberadaan tanah lunak menjadi salah satu masalah dalam bidang konstruksi. Tanah lunak adalah tanah yang memiliki kadar air yang tinggi dan daya dukung yang rendah. Pada kasus jalan tol ini, penyelidikan tanah di lokasi menunjukan bahwa tanah dasar pada perencanaan jalan tol merupakan tanah lempung lunak hingga kedalaman 32 meter sehingga dibutuhkan perbaikan tanah dasar. Timbunan tinggi yang dibangun di atas tanah dasar lunak tanpa perkuatan akan mengalami kelongsoran. Sehingga diperlukan perkuatan timbunan dan perbaikan tanah dasar untuk mencegah kelongsoran jalan. Metode perbaikan tanah yang digunakan adalah vacuum preloading dan Prefabricated Vertical Drain dengan vacuum berfungsi sebagai beban tambahan. Selain mempercepat proses penurunan, vacuum juga dapat mengurangi tinggi timbunan yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai elevasi jalan rencana yang diinginkan. Perkuatan dengan geotextile juga dilakukan pada timbunan dengan tinggi yang mencapai 5.94 meter supaya tidak terjadi kelongsoran pada timbunan tersebut. Dengan menggunakan metode perbaikan tanah berupa vacuum preloading dan prefabricated vertical drain akan meningkatkan daya dukung tanah sehingga akan diketahui perbedaan daya dukung yang terjadi sebelum dan sesudah diperbaiki.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Fe (II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu (II) Ions Derived from Imine of Benzidine and o-phenylenediammine
Authors: Mihsen Hayder Hamied , Abass Suhad Kareem , Abed â€“Alhasan Maysaa Taqe , Hassan Zainab M. , Abass Ali Kreem 
Published: November 2020

Binuclear metal complexes of the metal ions Fe (II), Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) were synthesized by the reaction of these metal ions with the imine of benzidine (H2L) as a primary ligand and o-phenylenediammine (OPD) as a secondary ligand in a molar ratio of 2:2:1. The prepared complexes were characterized using CHN elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-visible, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility and TGA-DTA thermogravimetric analysis. All the prepared complexes showed apparent stability and could be stored for months without any appreciable change. According to the results obtained by elemental and spectral analyses, a tetrahedral structure is suggested for all the prepared complexes, except for the copper complex which showed a square planar structure. The antimicrobial activities of these complexes were evaluated against Bacillus spp. (Gram-negative bacteria), Proteus spp. (Gram-positive bacteria) and Aspergillus niger (A. niger, a fungal species). The results showed that all the prepared complexes have no apparent effects on Bacillus spp. viability, whereas Proteus spp. and A. niger were affected significantly.
Protection Effects of Vernonia Amygdalina Methanolic Extracts Against Hepatocellular Damage Induced by Petroleum Contaminated Diets in Male Rats
Authors: ACHUBA FIDELIS IFEAKACHUKU , Ichipi-Ifukor Patrick Chukwuyenum 
Published: November 2020

Recently, bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) was found to prevent petroleum â€“ induced toxicities on the kidney whereas it potentiates the toxic effect of petroleum adulterated diet on the testes of animal model. This differential action has elicited further inquest into the role of bitter leaf extract in other organs in the midst of petroleum affronts. The hepatoprotective ability of Vernonia amygdalina methanol extract (VAME) is the objective of this investigation. Administration of VAME significantly (P <0.05) reduced serum liver function indices relative to the control. In addition, the activities of liver oxidative enzymes, energy metabolizing enzymes and oxidative stress indices altered by crude oil adulterated diet were significantly (P < 0.05) reversed near control values. Similarly, VAME injection restored the histopathological indices caused by crude oil adulterated diet. It is obvious that all the liver damage indices induced by crude oil contaminated feed were prevented by the intake of VAME, indicating the hepatoprotective ability of bitter leaf
ОБЩЕНАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ И РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Authors: Магомедов Али Магомедович , Камилов Магомед-Камил Баширович 
Published: November 2020

Цель работы. Статья посвящена изучению современных национальных ответов отечественной экономики на вызовы цифровой революции, анализу хода реализации национальной программы цифровой экономики в Республике Дагестан. Метод или методология проведения работы. Работа выполнена на основе изучения актуальных научных публикаций, посвященных развитию цифрой экономики и ее составляющих, обработки данных Росстата и оперативной информации профильных министерств и ведомств республики. В исследовании использованы методы наблюдения и сбора фактов, анализа и синтеза, а также методы экономико-статистического анализа: сравнения, группировки, индексных и цепных подстановок. Результаты. На основании системного анализа исследован понятийный аппарат изучаемой проблемы. Дана авторская интерпретация дефиниции «цифровая экономика». В статье исследовано состояние и готовность к цифровизации российской экономики, отмечены проблемные направления, определяющие «цифровой разрыв» нашей страны от стран-лидеров. Представлена характеристика основных угроз и рисков, обусловленных цифровизацией общества. В исследовании обосновывается необходимость государственной поддержки развития цифровой экономики и расширения налоговых льгот для инновационных компаний. Обращается внимание на создание устойчивой нормативно-правовой базы, повышение ИКТ-грамотности населения и формирование мотивации и потребности в использовании цифровых технологий на бытовом уровне. В статье определены региональные особенности и риски цифровизации. Дан всесторонний анализ развития информационно-коммуникационных технологий в регионе. Предложены пути преодоления отставания в цифровизации республики. Область применения. Рекомендации авторов могут быть учтены при реализации национальной программы цифровизации и разработке региональных цифровых проектов. Выводы. Предложено создать государственный единый центр управления цифровизацией страны, который на основе постоянного стратегического анализа будет корректировать политику в данной сфере и способствовать созданию необходимой институциональной среды. Для ИТ-компаний следует расширить налоговые льготы. Снижением общей налоговой нагрузки необходимо стимулировать бизнес к развитию и цифровой легализации. Предложены пути снижения цифрового неравенства регионов.
ВЛИЯНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ПРОФИЛЯ ФРАНЧАЙЗИ НА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ РАБОТЫ ФРАНЧАЙЗИНГОВОЙ СЕТИ
Authors: Бердин Александр Эдуардович , Бердина Марина Юрьевна 
Published: November 2020

Цель работы. Целью работы является определение влияния социального профиля франчайзи на качестве работы всей франчайзинговой сети. Метод или методология проведения работы. Исследование основывается на общенаучной методологии, которая предусматривает применение системного подхода к решению проблем. Основой данной работы являются труды отечественных и зарубежных ученых по изучению понятия, видов и особенностям международного франчайзинга и поиска кандидатов во франчайзи. Результаты. Франчайзи являются всеми звеньями франчайзинговой сети, и от их количества зависит скорость расширения и «клонирования» сети в международном масштабе. Неправильно подобранный кандидат в партнеры (франчайзеры) чреват бросанием тени на всю франчайзинговую сеть в лице конечного потребителя. С этой целью франчайзер должен проводить грамотный и всесторонний отбор потенциальных кандидатов в франчайзи-партнеров, регулярно инспектируя свои точки и проводя необходимые обучающие семинары франчайзи. В статье приводятся основные мотивы трех групп франчайзи и преследуемые ими выгоды от работы с франчайзером. Кроме того, показан качественно эффективный подход одного из мировых лидеров в сфере франчайзинга – компании McDonald’s – создание Университета гамбургерологии, выступающего своего рода «инкубатором» по «выращиванию» подходящих для себя франчайзи. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут использоваться юридическими и физическими лицами, которые уже являются участниками франчайзинговой сети или только собираются ее создать или стать ее частью. Выводы. Грамотно выстроенная политика франчайзера по подбору своих франчайзи, разработка эффективных механизмов по привлечению тех кандидатов во франчайзи, которые действительно будут работать во благо всей сети, позволяет организовать слаженную и эффективную работу и значительно увеличить ключевые экономические показатели работы сети.
Governança corporativa: uma análise da relação entre o turnover da administração e o desempenho
Authors: Silva Bárbara Siqueira da , Silva Danielle Gonçalves , Avelino Bruna Camargo , Bressan Valéria Gama Fully 
Published: November 2020

A governança corporativa é considerada um mecanismo que possui como objetivo o alinhamento entre as ações dos administradores e os interesses dos acionistas. Pesquisas realizadas no final da década de 1980 e início da década de 1990 identificaram que a relação entre a rotatividade dos executivos (turnover) e o desempenho da entidade pode ser considerada uma métrica para avaliar a eficiência de um sistema de governança corporativa. Essa métrica tem sido estudada em economias desenvolvidas, como Estados Unidos, Dinamarca e Japão, mas pouco abordada em países de economia considerada emergente. Diante disso, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar se o desempenho das empresas brasileiras de capital aberto influencia na probabilidade de turnover dos altos cargos da administração, tendo como foco as companhias listadas na B3 no período de 2012 a 2017. A amostra foi constituída por 87 empresas, e o modelo utilizado foi o de regressão logística. Os resultados apontaram coeficientes negativos e significativos para as variáveis Retorno do Patrimônio líquido, Retorno das ações e Propriedade familiar. Dessa forma, pôde-se concluir que o desempenho das companhias está inversamente relacionado à rotatividade dos executivos e que as empresas familiares apresentam menor rotatividade de seus administradores.
Palavras-chave: Turnover. Governança corporativa. Desempenho.

Corporate governance: an analysis of the relationship between management turnover and performance
Abstract
Corporate governance is considered a mechanism that aims to align the actions of the managers with the interests of shareholders. Researches conducted in the late 1980s and early 1990s identified that the relationship between executive turnover and the entity's performance can be considered as a metric to assess the efficiency of a corporate governance system. This metric has been studied in developed economies as the United States, Denmark and Japan, but scarcely addressed in emerging economies. Therefore, this study aimed to verify whether the performance of Brazilian companies influences the probability of turnover of senior management positions, focusing on companies listed on the Brazilian Stock Exchange, from 2012 to 2017. The sample consisted of 87 companies and the analysis was based on logistic regressions. The results showed negative and significant coefficients for the variables Return on Equity, Return on Shares and Family Ownership. Thus, it can be concluded that the performance of companies is inversely related to the turnover of executives, and also that family businesses have lower turnover of their managers.
Keywords: Turnover. Corporate governance. Performance.
PENGGUNAAN PROPENSITY SCORE STRATIFICATION-SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE UNTUK MENGESTIMASI EFEK PERLAKUKAN AKTIVITAS OLAHRAGA PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS
Authors: Ernawati - , Otok Bambang Widjanarko , Sutikno Sutikno 
Published: November 2020

In a study it is necessary to have a good randomization role between the treatment and control groups so there is no large differences in the observed covariates resulting in an estimate of the effect of unbiased treatment. However, in observational studies, especially in the field of health, because it is directly related to human life, it is not possible to do Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). One method of propensity score (PS) is Propensity Score Stratification (PSS) with approach of Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to overcome the problem of bias due to non-random observation and unbalanced covariate. The case used in this research is disease complication in patient of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 at Regional Public Hospital of Pasuruan with respondent counted 96 patient. The result is obtained of the analysis is the variables that become confounding is a sport activity. The accuracy level of PSS SVM is the same for all strata that is equal to 65.6%. Estimation of treatment effect (ATE) gave the result that the variable of sports activity is a variable that influence the disease complication (Y) in patients of DM type 2. The number of strata that reduce the largest bias is in strata of 4 with the percent bias reduction (PBR) is 86.39% with the smallest standard error value is 0.103 and the estimated value of ATE is 0.597.