bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensemble modelling, uncertainty and robust predictions of organic carbon in long‐term bare‐fallow soils
Authors: Farina Roberta , Sándor Renata , Abdalla Mohamed , Álvaro‐Fuentes Jorge , Bechini Luca , Bolinder Martin A. , Brilli Lorenzo , Chenu Claire , Clivot Hugues , De Antoni Migliorati Massimiliano , Di Bene Claudia , Dorich Christopher D. , Ehrhardt Fiona , Ferchaud Fabien , Fitton Nuala , Francaviglia Rosa , Franko Uwe , Giltrap Donna L. , Grant Brian B. , Guenet Bertrand , Harrison Matthew T. , Kirschbaum Miko U. F. , Kuka Katrin , Kulmala Liisa , Liski Jari , McGrath Matthew J. , Meier Elizabeth , Menichetti Lorenzo , Moyano Fernando , Nendel Claas , Recous Sylvie , Reibold Nils , Shepherd Anita , Smith Ward N. , Smith Pete , Soussana Jean‐François , Stella Tommaso , Taghizadeh‐Toosi Arezoo , Tsutskikh Elena , Bellocchi Gianni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSimulation models represent soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in global carbon (C) cycle scenarios to support climate‐change studies. It is imperative to increase confidence in long‐term predictions of SOC dynamics by reducing the uncertainty in model estimates. We evaluated SOC simulated from an ensemble of 26 process‐based C models by comparing simulations to experimental data from seven long‐term bare‐fallow (vegetation‐free) plots at six sites: Denmark (two sites), France, Russia, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The decay of SOC in these plots has been monitored for decades since the last inputs of plant material, providing the opportunity to test decomposition without the continuous input of new organic material. The models were run independently over multi‐year simulation periods (from 28 to 80 years) in a blind test with no calibration (Bln) and with the following three calibration scenarios, each providing different levels of information and/or allowing different levels of model fitting: (a) calibrating decomposition parameters separately at each experimental site (Spe); (b) using a generic, knowledge‐based, parameterization applicable in the Central European region (Gen); and (c) using a combination of both (a) and (b) strategies (Mix). We addressed uncertainties from different modelling approaches with or without spin‐up initialization of SOC. Changes in the multi‐model median (MMM) of SOC were used as descriptors of the ensemble performance. On average across sites, Gen proved adequate in describing changes in SOC, with MMM equal to average SOC (and standard deviation) of 39.2 (±15.5) Mg C/ha compared to the observed mean of 36.0 (±19.7) Mg C/ha (last observed year), indicating sufficiently reliable SOC estimates. Moving to Mix (37.5 ± 16.7 Mg C/ha) and Spe (36.8 ± 19.8 Mg C/ha) provided only marginal gains in accuracy, but modellers would need to apply more knowledge and a greater calibration effort than in Gen, thereby limiting the wider applicability of models.
Can switchgrass increase carbon accrual in marginal soils? The importance of site selection
Authors: Kasanke Christopher P. , Zhao Qian , Bell Sheryl , Thompson Allison M. , Hofmockel Kirsten S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMost soil carbon (C) is in the form of soil organic matter (SOM), the composition of which is controlled by the plant–microbe–soil continuum. The extent to which plant and microbial inputs contribute to persistent SOM has been linked to edaphic properties such as mineralogy and aggregation. However, it is unknown how variation in plant inputs, microbial community structure, and soil physical and chemical attributes interact to influence the chemical classes that comprise SOM pools. We used two long‐term biofuel feedstock field experiments to test the influence of cropping systems (corn and switchgrass) and soil characteristics (sandy and silty loams) on microbial selection and SOM chemistry. Cropping system had a strong influence on water‐extractable organic C chemistry with perennial switchgrass generally having a higher chemical richness than the annual corn cropping system. Nonetheless, cropping system was a less influential driver of soil microbial community structure and overall C chemistry than soil type. Soil type was especially influential on fungal community structure and the chemical composition of the chloroform‐extractable C. Although plant inputs strongly influence the substrates available for decomposition and SOM formation, total C and nitrogen (N) did not differ between cropping systems within either site. We conclude this is likely due to enhanced microbial activity under the perennial cropping system. Silty soils also had a higher activity of phosphate and C liberating enzymes. After 8 years, silty loams still contained twice the total C and N as sandy loams, with no significant response to biofuel cropping system inputs. Together, these results demonstrate that initial site selection is critical to plant–microbe interactions and substantially impacts the potential for long‐term C accrual in soils under biofuel feedstock production.
Multiscale drivers of carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in small European woodlands
Authors: Marrec Ronan , Le Roux Vincent , Martin Ludmilla , Lenoir Jonathan , Brunet Jörg , Cousins Sara A. O. , De Smedt Pallieter , Deconchat Marc , Diekmann Martin , Ehrmann Steffen , Gallet‐Moron Emilie , Giffard Brice , Liira Jaan , Lindgren Jessica , Valdes Alicia , Verheyen Kris , Wulf Monika , Decocq Guillaume 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe spatio‐temporal connectivity of forest patches in lowland agricultural landscapes and their age matter to explain current biodiversity patterns across regional as well as biogeographical extents, to the point that their effect exceeds the one of macroclimate for plant diversity in the understorey of temperate forests. Whether this remains true for other taxonomic groups is still largely unknown. Yet, this relative influence has important consequences for ecosystem functioning and the delivery of ecosystem services. Focusing on carabid beetle assemblages, we assessed the relative importance of macroclimatic, landscape and patch attributes in driving local species richness (α‐diversity) and species dissimilarity between patches (β‐diversity).LocationDeciduous forest patches in seven regions along a 2,100‐km‐long latitudinal gradient across the European temperate forest biome, from southern France to central Sweden.MethodsWe sampled 221 forest patches in two 5‐km × 5‐km landscape windows with contrasting management intensities. Carabid beetles were classified into four habitat‐preference guilds: forest‐specialist, forest‐generalist, eurytopic and open‐habitat species. We quantified the multi‐level environmental influence using mixed‐effects models and variation partitioning analysis.ResultsWe found that both α‐ and β‐diversity were primarily determined by macroclimate, acting as a large‐scale ecological filter on carabid assemblages among regions. Forest‐patch conditions, including biotic and abiotic heterogeneity as well as patch age (but not patch size), increased α‐diversity of forest species. Landscape management intensity weakly influenced α‐diversity of forest species, but increased the number of non‐forest species in forest patches. Beta diversity of non‐forest species increased with patch heterogeneity and decreased with landscape management intensity.Main conclusionsOur results highlight the leading role of broad macroclimatic gradients over local and landscape factors in determining the composition of local carabid communities, thereby shedding light on macroecological patterns of arthropod assemblages. This study emphasizes the urgent need for preserving ancient forest patches embedded in agricultural landscapes, even the small and weakly connected ones.
Migraine and Sport in a Physically Active Population of Students: Results of a Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Pilati Laura , Battaglia Giuseppe , Di Stefano Vincenzo , Di Marco Salvatore , Torrente Angelo , Raieli Vincenzo , Firenze Alberto , Salemi Giuseppe , Brighina Filippo 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveIn this study, we explored the relationship between migraine and sport in a physically active population of students, analyzing the risk of migraine among sporty students.BackgroundThe relationship between sport and migraine is controversial; moreover, several studies report on sport as a migraine trigger, but there is evidence that physical activity could have a relevant role in migraine prevention.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted using the validated ID‐migraine questionnaire including specific demo‐anthropometric (gender, age, weight, height) and sports variables on a potentially active student population of the University of Palermo. Evaluation in putative migraine subjects of clinical features and disability was explored through the administration of the Italian version of the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale. Statistical analyses were performed using univariate and logistic regression analyses.ResultsThree hundred and ninety‐three out of 520 students (210 F, mean age: 23.5 ± 0.7 years; 183 M; mean age: 20.5 ± 0.7 years) participated in this study. Migraine screened positive in 102 subjects (26.0%) and its prevalence was significantly higher among females (P < .001). An increased risk of migraine was found in females, and a protective effect of sport on the risk of migraine among females, but not among males.ConclusionsThe role of exercise in migraine is still unclear. This study supports a protective role of sport in migraine reporting a protective effect in females. Further studies are needed to deepen the association between sport and migraine.
Scots, capitalism, and the colonial countryside: Impressions from nineteenth‐century Cape Breton
Authors: Nerbas Don 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn Cape Breton during the second half of the nineteenth century, rural labor from the nearby countryside, often the children of settlers who had emigrated from the western Isles and Highlands of Scotland earlier in the century, was decisive in shaping the mining workforce that developed on the island's Sydney coalfield. The importance of this distinctive Highland influence upon the working‐class culture that developed in Cape Breton's “country of coal” was suggested decades ago by labor historians, and more recently it has been addressed in the region's rural historiography. It is a history that, nonetheless, remains obscure and has lingered in the blind spots of various subfields of study, including in historical investigations of “Highland enclave settlements” and “Scottishness” in northern North America. This essay suggests the need to approach the subject in terms of a broader transformation of the colonial countryside, one which takes into account the interconnected histories of capitalism and settler colonialism.
Coronal restoration of the root filled tooth – a qualitative analysis of the dentists' decision‐making process
Authors: Dawson V. S. , Fransson H. , Wolf E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo describe the decision‐making process of the general dental practitioner (GDP) underlying the choice of coronal restoration of a root filled tooth.MethodologyGDPs were strategically selected with respect to gender, age, undergraduate dental school, service affiliation and duration of professional experience. Semistructured in‐depth interviews were conducted, focusing on the informant’s personal experience of the process which leads to a decision as to how to restore a root filled tooth. The informants were invited to describe in their own words the latest two cases involving decisions of direct or full crown restorations respectively. The interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Interviews from 14 informants, aged 27–64 (mean age 46 years), were included and analysed according to Qualitative Content Analysis.ResultsA theme (latent content) was identified: Clinical factors were considered important but were overruled by context and patient opinions, if in conflict. Three main categories, including seven subcategories (manifest content), were identified. The categories were clinical factors, contextual factors and patient's views. Clinical factors underlying the GDPs' decision included the current dental status and the estimated longevity of the intended restoration. In certain cases, contextual factors were also of importance, either supporting the GDPs' decision or modifying it. However, the patient's views played a decisive role in the final choice of coronal restoration, leading to either mutual acceptance or a compromise, taking into account the patient's economic status and opinions.ConclusionsWith respect to coronal restoration of a root filled tooth, the GDPs’ decision‐making process was based not only on clinical factors, but also on decisive contextual factors and consideration of the patients’ views.
Buccal mucosal ureteroplasty for the management of ureteric strictures: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Heijkoop Bridget , Kahokehr Arman A 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo review the published literature evaluating the efficacy and safety of buccal mucosa ureteroplasty.MethodsA systematic literature review was carried out using a protocol devised a priori. The review was registered with the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results were scrutinized and full text of all relevant articles was obtained for review.ResultsA systematic search resulted in 1092 articles, with scrutiny resulting in 1079 exclusions. Two additional articles were identified from references, resulting in a total of 15 included studies containing a total of 72 buccal mucosal ureteroplasty procedures. A total of 34 cases were carried out using the open approach, and 38 were carried out using the robot assisted approach. The overall reported success rate was reported to be 66 out of 72 (91.6%), being 32 out of 34 (94.1%) and 34 out of 38 (89.5%) open and robotic cases, respectively. The complication rate was reported in 60 cases, being 15 out of 60 (25%) for all complications, with a 5% (3/60) rate for complications graded as Clavien–Dindo score ≥3.ConclusionsBuccal mucosa ureteroplasty appears to have high success rates and low rates of serious complications in both open and robot assisted approaches. However, the current available literature is limited to 72 cases, and further studies with larger patient populations and ongoing longitudinal review are warranted.
Assuming Reintegration, Experiencing Dislocation – Returns from Europe to Afghanistan
Authors: Majidi Nassim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDecisions on the return of Afghans from Europe are often based on the perceived support that communities of return and social networks can provide. This assumption shapes court decisions over asylum cases and is factored in assistance packages upon return. It is assumed that social networks will act as a “safety net” for returnee . However, recent evidence on post‐return outcomes shows that migrants’ social networks may not provide them with the resources they need to reintegrate their country of origin. While the role of social networks in destination contexts has been extensively studied, this article shows that social networks may not act as facilitators of reintegration, but as barriers to this process. Taking the case study of returns from Europe to Afghanistan, the article concludes on the weak ties and broken bond between individual returnees and communities, further speaking of a process of community dislocation upon return. Policy and practice need to unpack the concept of “community of return” as a community may simply not exist, have changed or be unable to act as a source of support for returnees from Europe.
The fabrication of nanodiamond doped tellurite germanate glass with robust structure and its luminescence
Authors: Xu Yayan , Gan Haiyong , Lu Zhanling , Ye Renguang , Chen Tanghan , Zhang Junjie , Tian Ying , Xu Shiqing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFluorescence of negative‐charged nitrogen‐vacancy centers in nanodiamond allows applications in quantum metrology, nanoscale sensor, and bioimaging, of utmost relevance to domains from nanotechnologies to biosensing. However, the low color center content and collection efficiency of photons are crucial issues. Although, several studies about coupling nanodiamond into optical waveguides have already been proposed, the search for the most appropriate substance and simplest, most effective method are of keys. In this study, we present a novel nontraditional way to incorporate nanodiamond with increased negative‐charged nitrogen‐vacancy content to 75.48% into tellurite germanate glass. The hybrid glass is stable in structure with predominant TeO4 trigonal bipyramid. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity is enhanced in composite. Such robust nanodiamond in tellurite germanate glass optical system has the potential to be used for nanoparticle sensing and quantum metrology.
Development and validation of a risk assessment nomogram for venous thromboembolism associated with hospitalized postoperative Chinese breast cancer patients
Authors: Li Jing , Qiang Wan‐Min , Wang Yan , Wang Xiao‐Yuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to develop and validate an individualized nomogram to predict venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in hospitalized postoperative breast cancer patients.DesignA single‐central retrospective and non‐interventional trial.MethodsFor model development, we used data from 4,755 breast cancer patients between 1 November 2016–30 June 2018 (3,310 patients in the development group and 1,445 in the validation group). Overall, 216 patients developed VTE (150 in development group and 66 in validation group). The model was validated by receiver operating characteristic curves and the calibration plot. The clinical utility of the model was determined through decision curve analysis.ResultsThe individualized nomogram consisted of six clinical factors: age, body mass index, number of cardiovascular comorbidities, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical treatment, hospital length of stay and two pre‐operative biomarkers of Homocysteine and D‐dimer. The model at the 3.9% optimal cut‐off had the area under the curve of 0.854 (95% CI, 0.824–0.884) and 0.805 (95% CI, 0.740–0.870) in the development and validation groups. A p = 0.570 of the calibration test showed that the model was well‐calibrated. The net benefit of the model was better between threshold probabilities of 5%–30% in decision curve analysis.ConclusionThe nomogram of VTE risk assessment, is applicable to hospitalized postoperative breast cancer patients. However, multi‐central prospective studies are needed to improve and validate the model. Effectiveness and safety of thromboprophylaxis in high‐risk patients are needed to demonstrate in interventional trials.ImpactThis nomogram can be used in clinical to inform practice of physicians and nurses to predict the VTE probability and maybe direct personalized decision making for thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized postoperative breast cancer patients.
Asprin‐loaded strontium‐containing α‐calcium sulphate hemihydrate/nano‐hydroxyapatite composite promotes regeneration of critical bone defects
Authors: Jiang Yi , Qin Hanjun , Wan Haoyang , Yang Jun , Yu Qi , Jiang Mo , Yu Bin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur laboratory originally synthesized strontium(Sr)‐containing α‐calcium sulphate hemihydrate/nano‐hydroxyapatite composite (Sr‐α‐CSH/n‐HA) and demonstrated its ability to repair critical bone defects. This study attempted to incorporate aspirin into it to produce a better bone graft material for critical bone defects. After 5% Sr‐α‐CSH was prepared by coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods, it was mixed with aspirin solution of different concentrations (50 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml, 800 μg/ml and 3200 μg/ml) at a fixed liquid‐solid ratio (0.54 v/w) to obtain aspirin‐loaded Sr‐α‐CSH/n‐HA composite. In vitro experiments were performed on the composite extracts. The tibial defects (3 mm*5 mm) in SD rat model were filled with the composite for 4 weeks and 12 weeks to evaluate its osteogenic capacity in vivo. Our results showed its capability of proliferation, migration and osteogenesis of BMSCs in vitro got improved. In vivo treatment with 800 μg/ml aspirin–loaded Sr‐α‐CSH/n‐HA composite led to significantly more new bone formation in the defects compared with Sr‐α‐CSH/n‐HA composite and significantly promoted the expression of osteogenic‐related genes and inhibited osteoclast activity. In general, our research suggests that aspirin‐loaded Sr‐α‐CSH/n‐HA composite may have a greater capacity of repairing tibial defects in SD rats than simple Sr‐α‐CSH/n‐HA composite.
Unique inflammatory signature in haemophilic arthropathy: miRNA changes due to interaction between blood and fibroblast‐like synoviocytes
Authors: Mignot Sandra , Cagnard Nicolas , Albaud Benoit , Bally Cécile , Siavellis Justine , Hermine Olivier , Frenzel Laurent 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn haemophilia, the recurrence of hemarthrosis leads to irreversible arthropathy termed haemophilic arthropathy (HA). However, HA is a unique form of arthropathy in which resident cells, such as fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS), come into direct contact with blood. Therefore, we hypothesized that FLS in HA could have a unique inflammatory signature as a consequence of their contact with blood. We demonstrated with ELISA and ELISPOT analyses that HA‐FLS expressed a unique profile of cytokine secretion, which differed from that of non‐HA‐FLS, mainly consisting of cytokines involved in innate immunity. We showed that unstable cytokine mRNAs were involved in this process, especially through miRNA complexes as confirmed by DICER silencing. A miRNOME analysis revealed that 30 miRNAs were expressed differently between HA and non‐HA‐FLS, with most miRNAs involved in inflammatory control pathways or described in certain inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. Analysis of transcriptomic networks, impacted by these miRNAs, revealed that protein processes and inflammatory pathways were particularly targeted in LPS‐induced FLS, and in particular vascularization and osteoarticular modulation pathways in steady‐state FLS. Our study demonstrates that the presence of blood in contact with FLS may induce durable miRNA changes that likely participate in HA pathophysiology.
Satyrization in Drosophila fruitflies
Authors: Leigh Stewart , Rostant Wayne G. , Taylor Martin I. , Alphey Luke , Chapman Tracey 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe satyr of Greek mythology was half‐man, half‐goat, with an animal persona signifying immoderate sexual appetites. In biology, satyrization is the disruption of reproduction in matings between closely related species. Interestingly, its effects are often reciprocally asymmetric, manifesting more strongly in one direction of heterospecific mating than the other. Heterospecific matings are well known to result in female fitness costs due to the production of sterile or inviable hybrid offspring and can also occur due to reduced female sexual receptivity, lowering the likelihood of any subsequent conspecific matings. Here we investigated the costs and mechanisms of satyrization in the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup of fruitflies. The results showed that D. simulans females experienced higher fitness costs from a loss of remating opportunities due to significantly reduced post‐mating sexual receptivity than did D. melanogaster females, as a result of reciprocal heterospecific matings. Reciprocal tests of the effects of male reproductive accessory gland protein (Acp) injections on female receptivity in pairwise comparisons between D. melanogaster and five other species within the melanogaster species subgroup revealed significant post‐mating receptivity asymmetries. This was due to variation in the effects of heterospecific Acps within species with which D. melanogaster can mate, and significant but nonasymmetric Acp effects in species with which it cannot. We conclude that asymmetric satyrization due to post‐mating effects of Acps may be common among diverging and hybridising species. The findings are of interest in understanding the evolution of reproductive isolation and species divergence.