bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in DNA methylation after 6‐week exercise training in colorectal cancer survivors: A preliminary study
Authors: Hwang Seo‐Hyeon , Kang Dong‐Woo , Lee Mi‐Kyung , Byeon Ji Yong , Park Hanui , Park Dong‐Hyuk , Kim Kyung‐Chul , Lee Seung‐Tae , Chu Sang Hui , Kim Nam Kyu , Jeon Justin Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimBehavioral interventions such as exercise may induce epigenetic changes. Only few studies investigated the effects of exercise on epigenetic alterations in colorectal cancer survivors. The aim of this study was to explore the changes of genome‐wide DNA methylation after 6‐week exercise training in colorectal cancer survivors.MethodsThis preliminary study used a subset of data from a randomized controlled trial in 15 colorectal cancer survivors. Participants were randomized either to the 6‐week exercise group or control group. The exercise intervention consisted of a weekly, group‐based, supervised resistance exercise program and a home‐based same resistance exercise plus walking six times per week. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after the intervention and data from eight subjects were analyzed for genome‐wide DNA methylation on 865,918 CpG sites.ResultsCompared to the control group, the exercise group shows notable methylation changes in 756 CpG sites (22.7–25.2%). Gene ontology and disease annotation analysis showed that the genes targeting 81 CpG sites in promoter region with significant group‐difference were linked in biological process such as immune response and transcription and related to metabolic and immune diseases. Also, hypermethylation on genes related to disease prevention seemed to be inhibited in the exercise group compared to the control group, indicating a likelihood of transcriptional activity of these genes.ConclusionWe found a preliminary evidence of the positive effects of exercise intervention on epigenetic markers in colorectal cancer survivors. Larger scale randomized controlled trials are warranted to further investigate our findings.
Wait and the Sky Will Change: Anticipation and Revolution in Northeastern Thailand
Authors: Johnson Andrew 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT“Wait, and the sky will change its color” is a saying that, in Thai, points toward a future that will erase the unbearable present. But what does it mean to wait? In Northeastern Thailand, I explore this experience of holding the present in tension with an uncertain future via examples drawn from religious upheaval, political revolution, and the lives of migrant workers. Waiting on that which never comes, in this context, is neither nihilism nor escapism, but allows for the opening a space of fantasy—the imaginative horizon that allows a rethinking of the everyday. [anticipation, millenarianism, imagination, waiting, migrant labor, Thailand]
Gaming Anthropology: The Problem of External Validity and the Challenge of Interpreting Experimental Games
Authors: Naar Nicole 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTExperimental economic games are an increasingly common component of the anthropological tool kit. Yet their external validity continues to be a point of debate and active empirical investigation within economics and anthropology. I review and reorganize central concepts within the experimental economic game literature on external validity and find that—consistent with anthropological assumptions of cultural variability—game results are not reliably generalizable across different participants or contexts. However, whether or not game behavior parallels real‐world behavior within the same participants or contexts remains an open question. Methodological diversity is a strength of anthropology as a discipline, and therefore anthropologists are well poised to design more effective tests of parallelism in the future. In the meantime, anthropologists borrowing experimental methods from economics should treat the relationship between behavior inside and outside of games as an open empirical question. They should also carefully consider whether the method is consistent with their theoretical assumptions and research goals. [experimental economic games, external validity, generalizability, parallelism, anthropological methods]
Intrapartum fetal heart rate between 150 and 160 bpm at or after 40 weeks and labor outcome
Authors: Ghi Tullio , Di Pasquo Elvira , Dall’Asta Andrea , Commare Arianna , Melandri Elena , Casciaro Alessia , Fieni Stefania , Frusca Tiziana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionA baseline fetal heart rate between 110 and 160 bpm is considered normal. However, among normal fetuses the average baseline heart rate has been shown to diminish progressively and the 90th centile of the fetal heart rate at 40 weeks of gestation has been consistently found at around 150 bpm. The aim of our study was to assess the labor and neonatal outcome of fetuses at 40 gestational weeks or beyond, whose intrapartum baseline fetal heart rate was between 150 and 160 bpm.Material and methodsRetrospective cohort study including singleton pregnancies with spontaneous onset of labor, gestational age between 40+0 and 42+0 weeks, category I CTG trace according to the FIGO guidelines 2015 with baseline fetal heart rate between 110 and 160 bpm during the first 60 minutes of active labor. Exclusion criteria were maternal hyperpyrexia at admission, fetal arrhythmias, maternal tachycardia (>110 bpm) and uterine tachysystole (>5 contractions/10 minutes). The following outcomes were compared between fetuses with a baseline ranging between 110 and 149 bpm and those with a baseline ranging between 150 and 160 bpm: incidence of meconium‐stained amniotic fluid, intrapartum hyperpyrexia, mode of delivery, Apgar at 5 minutes <7, arterial pH <7.1 and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit admission, incidence of a composite adverse neonatal outcome.ResultsIn all, 1004 CTG traces were included in the analysis, 860 in Group 110‐149 bpm and 144 in Group 150‐160 bpm. Group 150‐160 bpm had a significantly higher incidence of meconium‐stained amniotic fluid (odds ratio [OR] 2.6; 95% CI 1.8‐3.8), maternal intrapartum hyperpyrexia (OR 4.7; 95% CI 1.1‐14.6), urgent/emergent cesarean section for suspected fetal distress (OR 13.4; 95% CI 3.3‐54.3), Apgar <7 at 5th min (OR 9.13; 95% CI 1.5‐55.1) and neonatal acidemia (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.5‐55.1). Logistic regression including adjustiing for potential confounders showed that fetal heart rate between 150 and 160 bpm is an independent predictor of meconium‐stained amniotic fluid (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.2; 95% CI 1.5‐3.3), cesarean section during labor for fetal distress (aOR 10.7; 95% CI 2.9‐44.6), neonatal acidemia (aOR 2.6; 95% CI 1.1‐6.7) and adverse composite neonatal outcome (aOR 2.6; 95% CI 1.2‐5.6).ConclusionsIn fetuses at 40 weeks or beyond, an intrapartum fetal heart rate baseline ranging between 150 and 160 bpm seems associated with a higher incidence of labor complications.
Steroid receptor coactivator‐1 enhances the stemness of glioblastoma by activating long noncoding RNA XIST/miR‐152/KLF4 pathway
Authors: Gong Miaomiao , Wang Xun , Mu Lin , Wang Yueyue , Pan Jinjin , Yuan Xiaocheng , Zhou Haoran , Xing Jinshan , Wang Rui , Sun Jian , Liu Qiwang , Zhang Xiya , Wang Lin , Chen Yiying , Pei Yandong , Li Shao , Liu Liang , Zhao Yongshun , Yuan Yuhui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) recurrence is attributed to the presence of therapy‐resistant glioblastoma stem cells. Steroid receptor coactivator‐1 (SRC‐1) acts as an oncogenic regulator in many human tumors. The relationship between SRC‐1 and GBM has not yet been studied. Herein, we investigate the role of SRC‐1 in GBM. In this study, we found that SRC‐1 expression is positively correlated with grades of glioma and inversely correlated with glioma patient’s prognosis. Steroid receptor coactivator‐1 promotes the proliferation, migration, and tumor growth of GBM cells. Notably, SRC‐1 knockdown suppresses the stemness of GBM cells. Mechanistically, long noncoding RNA X‐inactive specific transcript (XIST) is regulated by SRC‐1 at the posttranscriptional level and mediates the function of SRC‐1 in promoting stemness‐like properties of GBM. Steroid receptor coactivator‐1 can promote the expression of Kruppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) through the XIST/microRNA (miR)‐152 axis. Additionally, arenobufagin and bufalin, SRC small molecule inhibitors, can reduce the proliferation and stemness of GBM cells. This study reveals SRC‐1 promotes the stemness of GBM by activating the long noncoding RNA XIST/miR‐152/KLF4 pathway and provides novel markers for diagnosis and therapy of GBM.
Autotaxin in ascites promotes peritoneal dissemination in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Jinno Naruomi , Yoshida Michihiro , Hayashi Kazuki , Naitoh Itaru , Hori Yasuki , Natsume Makoto , Kato Akihisa , Kachi Kenta , Asano Go , Atsuta Naoki , Sahashi Hidenori , Kataoka Hiromi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPeritoneal dissemination and malignant ascites in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients represent a major clinical issue. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator that modulates the progression of various cancers. Based on the increasing evidence showing that LPA is abundant in malignant ascites, we focused on autotaxin (ATX), which is a secreted enzyme that is important for the production of LPA. This study aimed to elucidate the importance of the ATX‐LPA axis in malignant ascites in PDAC and to determine whether ATX works as a molecular target for treating peritoneal dissemination. In a PDAC peritoneal dissemination mouse model, the amount of ATX was significantly higher in ascites than in serum. An in vitro study using two PDAC cell lines, AsPC‐1 and PANC‐1, showed that ATX‐LPA signaling promoted cancer cell migration via the activation of the downstream signaling, and this increased cell migration was suppressed by an ATX inhibitor, PF‐8380. An in vivo study showed that PF‐8380 suppressed peritoneal dissemination and decreased malignant ascites, and these results were validated by the biological analysis as well as the in vitro study. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the amount of ATX in ascites and the degree of disseminated cancer progression. These findings demonstrated that ATX in ascites works as a promotor of peritoneal dissemination, and the targeting of ATX must represent a useful and novel therapy for peritoneal dissemination of PDAC.
An investigation into the oral surgery curriculum and undergraduate experience in a sample of DFT's in the UK
Authors: Brown Justin , Baker Rosy , Moore Richard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThere is conflicting evidence concerning the ability of recent graduates to meet the standards required in exodontia to be independent practitioners. In particular, there is a lack of confidence in surgical extractions. This study evaluated Foundation Trainee's confidence levels in their oral surgery experience and the teaching of oral surgery in UK dental schools.Materials and MethodsTwo separate studies were carried out, and the first was a survey to all foundation trainees in the Yorkshire and Humber Deanary in 2019 which analysed their oral surgery experience and confidence levels. The second study surveyed all Dental Schools in the UK with regard to their contact hours, assessment methods, instruments taught and number of extractions in oral surgery for their undergraduate programmes.ResultsThere was a response rate of 52% for the foundation trainees which showed that they were confident in performing non‐surgical extractions but lacked confidence with surgical extractions. There was a positive correlation between the amount of undergraduate experience and confidence levels in exodontia. The second survey which had a response rate of 71% showed variations in the numbers of hours taught for oral surgery, instruments taught and assessment methods, with the structured clinical operative test used more commonly. On average, 41 non‐surgical extractions were performed by students before graduation and two surgical extractions.ConclusionThere is a need to identify how oral surgery teaching can be improved in UK dental schools to ensure that foundation trainees are more confident and competent in both surgical and non‐surgical exodontia. In addition, teaching and assessment methods need to be developed to reflect such requirements.
Augmentation of endogenous neurosteroid synthesis alters experimental status epilepticus dynamics
Authors: Lucchi Chiara , Costa Anna Maria , Senn Lara , Messina Simone , Rustichelli Cecilia , Biagini Giuseppe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNeurosteroids can modulate γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor‐mediated inhibitory currents. Recently, we discovered that the neurosteroids progesterone, 5α‐dihydroprogesterone, allopregnanolone, and pregnanolone are reduced in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with status epilepticus (SE). However, it is undetermined whether neurosteroids influence SE. For this reason, first we evaluated whether the inhibitor of adrenocortical steroid production trilostane (50 mg/kg) could modify the levels of neurosteroids in the hippocampus and neocortex, and we found a remarkable increase in pregnenolone, progesterone, 5α‐dihydroprogesterone, and allopregnanolone levels using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Second, we characterized the dynamics of SE in the presence of the varied neurosteroidal milieu by a single intraperitoneal kainic acid (KA; 15 mg/kg) injection in trilostane‐treated rats and their controls. Convulsions started in advance in the trilostane group, already appearing 90 minutes after the KA injection. In contrast to controls, convulsions prevalently developed as generalized seizures with loss of posture in the trilostane group. However, this effect was transient, and convulsions waned 2 hours before the control group. Moreover, electrocorticographic traces of convulsions were shorter in trilostane‐treated rats, especially at the 180‐minute (P < .001) and 210‐minute (P < .01) time points. These findings indicate that endogenous neurosteroids remarkably modulate SE dynamics.
New cities: Power, profit, and prestige
Authors: Moser Sarah , Côté‐Roy Laurence 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the past 2 decades, over 150 new cities built from scratch have been launched in more than 40 countries. As this trend has intensified in recent years, scholarship on new city projects has expanded significantly in exciting new directions. There is now a conceptually robust and empirically vibrant body of scholarship that critically examines new city projects around the world. This article provides an overview of an emerging subfield and introduces important new approaches to understanding the proliferation of these urban mega‐developments, and how the study of new cities can yield insights into both international urban, economic, cultural, and political trends, and specific local dynamics. In this article, we highlight the key contributions and insights from recent scholarship on new city projects and map out areas for future research.
A qualitative study of the maternal health information‐seeking behaviour of women of reproductive age in Mpwapwa district, Tanzania
Authors: Kassim Mohamed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundActive engagement in seeking maternal health information among women of reproductive age is vital in promoting positive health‐seeking behaviour and improving maternal health outcomes.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore maternal health information‐seeking behaviour of women of reproductive age in a rural Tanzania.MethodsUsing a qualitative research approach, the study held eight focus group discussions to collect data from a group of purposively selected women respondents. Data were analysed through thematic analysis.ResultsWomen need a range of maternal health information for their informed health decision making. However, while they indicated the need to seek that information from professional health providers, they received most of it from non‐professional and informal sources, including community health workers, traditional birth attendants and their family members. The use of these sources is attributed to, among other factors, unavailability of health facilities and limited access to professional health care.ConclusionAccess to relevant and reliable maternal health information is essential in creating awareness and empowering women to make informed decisions about their reproductive health. Women’s use of informal sources to meet their various information needs increases the chances of receiving unreliable information that may result in coming up with poor decisions making.
Predictors of nursing interns' standard precautions compliance during internship training in four teaching hospitals in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Tumala Regie Buenafe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess compliance with standard precautions by Saudi nursing interns who were undergoing their internship training in four governmental tertiary teaching hospitals in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and to determine factors predictive of this.BackgroundCross‐transmission and infection prevention when delivering care must be strictly followed by nursing interns by complying with standard precautions during internship training.DesignThe study employed a descriptive‐correlational and cross‐sectional design.MethodsA total of 224 nursing interns participated in the study by completing the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale Arabic version between March 2017 and June 2017.Results/FindingsA high overall compliance rate (84.8%) was observed. Nursing interns reported the highest compliance score in changing gloves between each patient contact and the lowest score in disposing of sharps boxes only when full. Nursing interns in hospital D showed the highest compliance rate over those in other hospitals. Age, sex, marital status, months in internship training and attendance of nursing interns in infection control seminars/trainings influenced their standard precautions compliance.ConclusionThe study revealed good compliance by nursing interns with standard precautions. However, regular educational and clinical interventions are still needed to improve some areas and to ensure the continuity of high levels of compliance in other areas of standard precautions among nursing interns.
Evaluating an incobotulinumtoxinA and Cohesive Polydensified Matrix® hyaluronic acid filler combination to treat moderate‐to‐severe periorbital and perioral rhytids
Authors: Barbarino Sheila C. , Woodward Julie A. , Levine Jennifer , Fezza John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of treating mimetic facial lines with an incobotulinumtoxinA (INCO) and Cohesive Polydensified Matrix® hyaluronic acid (CPM‐HA) combination.MethodsSubjects with moderate‐to‐severe lateral periorbital lines (LPL) and perioral lines at rest according to Merz Aesthetics Scales™ received 10 U of INCO/eye and up to 10 U to the perioral area. This was followed by intradermal injection of 1‐3 cc CPM‐HA to the same lines. Primary outcomes were physician‐ and subject‐rated improvement at 1 month using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and changes in line severity using the Merz Aesthetics Scales™.ResultsThe study included 10 women aged 42‐74 years with moderate‐to‐severe LPL and perioral lines at baseline. At 1 month, treating physician GAIS scores indicated 45.0% of subjects were very much improved and 52.5% much improved; 75% remained at least improved at 6 months. Subject GAIS results indicated 7 women rated themselves as very much improved and 3 as much improved. For LPL, improvements of ≥1‐point on the Merz Aesthetics Scales™ compared with baseline were seen at 1, 3, and 6 months in 86.8%, 74.3%, and 65.8% of subjects, respectively. For perioral lines, improvements of ≥1‐point were observed for 89.2%, 86.5%, and 73.0% at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. No treatment‐related adverse events were observed.ConclusionsCombined INCO/CPM‐HA filler in individuals with moderate‐to‐severe LPL and perioral lines was effective at improving overall appearance and reducing line severity in two highly mobile facial areas that are the first to show lines of aging.
Bargaining over loan contracts with signaling
Authors: Zimper Alexander , Molefinyane Mpoifeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper combines a sequential bargaining game between an enterprise and a fixed number of banks with a signaling game through which the enterprise reveals her project quality as well as her market‐speed on the lending market. We characterize subgame‐perfect Nash equilibrium loan contracts that are supported by separating perfect Bayesian equilibria in the signaling game. In contrast to existing models of lending markets, low‐quality investment projects might be rewarded with more favorable equilibrium loan contracts than high‐quality projects. Also in contrast to existing models, an increase in the competitive pressure between banks reduces the aggregate welfare in our model. The reason is that more favorable loan conditions come with a greater incentive for the ‘strong’ entrepreneur to distinguish herself from her ‘weak’ counterpart through socially wasteful signaling costs.
Objectively measured sleep fragmentation is associated with incident delirium in older hospitalized patients: Analysis of data collected from an randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jaiswal Stuti J. , Kang Dae Y. , Wineinger Nathan E. , Owens Robert L. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryDelirium may lead to poor outcomes in hospitalized older adults, and sleep deprivation may contribute to its pathogenesis. Thus, we sought to measure sleep duration and fragmentation using wrist‐worn actigraphy in older, hospitalized patients with and without delirium, and to determine if actigraphy‐based parameters could be used to predict delirium prior to clinical recognition. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a recent, randomized clinical trial aimed at preventing inpatient delirium. Participants (n = 70) were aged ≥ 65 years admitted to an internal medicine service. Delirium was defined by the Confusion Assessment Method, or altered mental status identified by a clinician. Sleep measurements were actigraphy‐based, and included total sleep time, median sleep bout duration and other measures of sleep fragmentation. We found that total sleep duration was similar between patients with (n = 17) and without (n = 53) delirium (mean 384.9 ± SD 162.7 versus mean 456.6 ± SD 135.8 min; p = .081). Mean sleep bout times were shorter in delirious versus never‐delirious patients (median 6.1 [interquartile range 4.3−8.9] versus 7.9 [interquartile range 5.7−11.3] min, p = .048). Patients with delirium had more short sleep bouts (< 10 min) and fewer longer sleep bouts (> 30 min) compared with those without delirium. Increased sleep fragmentation was present prior to the clinical recognition of delirium. Overall, delirium was associated with increased sleep fragmentation detected by actigraphy, and sleep fragmentation might be useful as a biomarker for delirium prediction in the future.