bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospitalization Patterns for Inpatient Pediatric Surgery and Procedures in California: 2000–2016
Authors: Muffly Matthew K. , Honkanen Anita , Scheinker David , Wang Tammy Nai-Yen , Saynina Olga , Singleton Mark A. , Wang C. Jason , Sanders Lee 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND:
We report hospitalization patterns from 2000 to 2016 for young children (ages 0–5 years old) in California who underwent 1 of the 20 most common inpatient procedures that required general anesthesia and evaluate the estimated probability of treatment at a tertiary care children’s hospital (CH) by year.

METHODS:
We hypothesized that children ≤5 years old increasingly undergo care at tertiary care CHs for common inpatient surgeries or other procedures that require general anesthesia. Data from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development dataset were used to determine procedure, patient age, year of procedure, and hospital name. Hospitals were designated as either tertiary care CHs, children’s units within general hospitals (CUGHs), or general hospitals (GHs) based on the California Children’s Services Provider List. A tertiary care CH was defined using the California Children’s Services definition as a referral hospital that provides comprehensive, multidisciplinary, regionalized pediatric care to children from birth up to 21 years of age with a full range of medical and surgical care for severely ill children. We report the unadjusted percentage of patients treated at each hospital type and, after controlling for patient covariates and comorbidities, the estimated probability of undergoing care at a tertiary care CH from 2000 to 2016.

RESULTS:
There were 172,318 treatment episodes from 2000 to 2016. The estimated probability of undergoing care at a tertiary care CH increased from 63.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 62.4%–64.4%) in 2000 to 78.3% (95% CI, 77.3%–79.4%) in 2016.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children ≤5 years old undergoing common inpatient procedures that require general anesthesia increasingly receive care at tertiary care CHs in California.
Renal Morbidity of 6% Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 in 9000 Propensity Score Matched Pairs of Surgical Patients
Authors: Miyao Hideki , Kotake Yoshifumi 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND:
Several studies of critically ill patients reported that fluid resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions damages the kidneys, but their use for surgical patients is debated. Because different HES preparations have different safety profiles, we sought to determine whether 6% third-generation HES 130/0.4 was associated with renal morbidity when used for surgical patients.

METHODS:
We identified adults enrolled in a Japanese nationwide medical database who underwent surgery between 2014 and 2016, with HES 130/0.4 or without it (controls). These groups were balanced with propensity score matching in a 1:1 ratio without replacement by multivariable logistic regression with 36 covariates, including demographic characteristics, preoperative comorbidities, and anesthetic/surgical procedures. The primary outcome was the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients receiving intraoperative HES and controls. Secondary outcomes were assessing whether HES was associated with worsening AKI stage, the incidence of renal-replacement therapy (RRT), hospital length-of-stay, and in-hospital 30-day mortality. Tertiary outcomes include the use of vasoactive agents and the fluid requirement on the day of surgery. Comparative analysis was made with χ2, Mann-Whitney U test, or the ordinal logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS:
Of 76,048 patients in the database, 58,425 were eligible: 9542 received HES and 48,883 controls. Propensity score matching identified 8823 matched pairs. The incidence of AKI was 6.2% (548/8823) in the HES group and 5.6% (492/8823) in controls (odds ratio [OR], 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99–1.27; P = .07). Compared to controls, HES was not associated with worsening AKI stage (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79–1.01; P = .08). The incidence of RRT was lower in the HES group than that in controls (0.2% vs 0.4%, respectively; OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29–0.91; P = .02). Median [interquartile range] hospital stay was 1 day longer in the HES group (12 [8–21] vs 11 [7–20] days; P < .001), but in-hospital 30-day mortality did not differ between groups (0.5% vs 0.6%, respectively: OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.56–1.24; P = .36). The use rate of vasoactive agents and the median net fluid requirement on the day of surgery were higher in the HES group (80.5% vs 70.0%: P < .001, 88.1 vs 73.6 mL/kg; P < .001, respectively) compared to controls.

CONCLUSIONS:
The present study did not demonstrate that 6% HES 130/0.4 increased the incidence and the severity of postoperative AKI. It was associated with a lower incidence of RRT when used for surgical patients.
The resistome and genomic reconnaissance in the age of malaria elimination
Authors: Kümpornsin Krittikorn , Kochakarn Theerarat , Chookajorn Thanat 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasitic protozoa in the Plasmodium genus. A complete understanding of the biology of these parasites is challenging in view of their need to switch between the vertebrate and insect hosts. The parasites are also capable of becoming highly motile and of remaining dormant for decades, depending on the stage of their life cycle. Malaria elimination efforts have been implemented in several endemic countries, but the parasites have proven to be resilient. One of the major obstacles for malaria elimination is the development of antimalarial drug resistance. Ineffective treatment regimens will fail to remove the circulating parasites and to prevent the local transmission of the disease. Genomic epidemiology of malaria parasites has become a powerful tool to track emerging drug-resistant parasite populations almost in real time. Population-scale genomic data are instrumental in tracking the hidden pockets of Plasmodium in nationwide elimination efforts. However, genomic surveillance data can be useful in determining the threat only when combined with a thorough understanding of the malarial resistome – the genetic repertoires responsible for causing and potentiating drug resistance evolution. Even though long-term selection has been a standard method for drug target identification in laboratories, its implementation in large-scale exploration of the druggable space in Plasmodium falciparum, along with genome-editing technologies, have enabled mapping of the genetic repertoires that drive drug resistance. This Review presents examples of practical use and describes the latest technology to show the power of real-time genomic epidemiology in achieving malaria elimination.
Allometry, condition factor and growth of the swimming blue crab Portunus segnis in the Gulf of Gabes, Southeastern Tunisia (Central Mediterranean)
Authors: BEN ABDALLAH-BEN HADJ HAMIDA OLFA , BEN HADJ HAMIDA NADER , CHAOUCH HOUDA , MISSAOUI HECHMI 
Published: December 2019

The blue swimming crab Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775) is one of the earliest Lessepsian invaders of the Mediterranean Sea, and is recorded since decades in various areas of the Mediterranean. Its presence in the southeastern Tunisian coasts (Gulf of Gabes) is, however, very recent. Allometry, condition factor and growth of P. segnis were studied along the Gulf of Gabes coasts. Sampling was performed by artisanal fishing gears as well as trawl net during a one-year period (October 2015 to September 2016) as processed 4971 crabs were collected. The crab carapace width (CW) ranged from 45 to 168 mm for males and 50 to 159 mm for females. The crab carapace length (CL) was 22.02-89.20 mm and 38.70-85.28 mm, respectively for males and females. The carapace width-carapace length, carapace width- front, carapace width-carapace height and carapace width-weight relationships were studied in separate sexes of crab. The covariance analysis indicates a significant difference between the two sexes with respect to the carapace width-carapace length and the carapace width-weight relationships. The condition factor ranged between 0.0042 and 0.0118 with a mean of 0.0078. The condition factor decreased with increasing crab size. The Von Bertalanffy growth parameters CW∞, K and t0 were estimated on the basis of Length-frequency modal progression analysis methods. The mean values of L∞ (mm), K (year-1) and t0 would be, respectively, 206.48 mm, 1.34 and -0.130 for males; 183.89 mm, 1.42 and -0.127 for females and, 190.60 mm, 1.02 and -0.177 for combined sexes.
Non-HDL cholesterol is better than LDL-c at predicting atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors clustering, even in subjects with near-to-normal triglycerides: A report from a Venezuelan population
Authors: Bermúdez Valmore , Torres Wheeler , Salazar Juan , Martínez María Sofía , Rojas Edward , Olivar Luis Carlos , Lameda Victor , Ortega Ángel , Ramírez Paola , Rojas Milagros , Rastogi Sheena , D’Addosio Rosanna , Hoedebecke Kyle , Graterol Modesto , Graterol Resemily , Wilches Sandra , de Bravo Mayela Cabrera , Rojas-Quintero Joselyn 
Published: December 2019

Background: Non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c) has emerged as an important tool in primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), especially among those at high risk. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of non-HDL-c for the coexistence aggregation of multiple ASCVD risk factors and compare this with LDL-c in general subjects with normal or near normal triglycerides from Maracaibo city in Venezuela. Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a randomized multistage sampling. 2026 subjects were selected for this study, all were adults ≥18 years old of both genders and inhabitants of Maracaibo city, Venezuela. A complete history and physical medical assessment was performed. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the odds ratio (CI95%) for the coexistence of multiple risk factors for ASCVD. Results: The median (p25-p75) of non-HDL-c was 143 mg/dL (114-174 mg/dL). 52.1% (n=1056) of the sample were women, with a median of 144 mg/dL (115-174 mg/dL) among women and 143 mg/dL (114-17 4mg/dL) among men; p=0.740. Individuals ≥50 years old, smokers, those with hypertension, obesity, diabetes, high waist circumference and elevated hs-C Reactive Protein, all had higher levels of non-HDL-c. A lower median was observed among those <30 years of age with elevated physical activity levels in their leisure time. Non-HDL-c between 130-159 mg/dL (OR=2.44; CI 95%=1.48-4.02; p<0.001) and ≥160 mg/dL (OR=3.28; CI 95%=1.72-6.23; p<0.001) was associated with greater risk of coexistent multiple risk factors for ASCVD, albeit LDL-c was not significant in the multivariate model. Conclusions: Elevated non-HDL-c was associated with conglomeration of multiple risk factors for ASCVD. This suggests evaluation of non-HDL-c may be of better utility in primary care for early identification of subjects for high risk of ASCVD. Future research might focus on the influence of non-HDL-c in cardiovascular mortality.
Laboratory evaluation of molecular xenomonitoring using mosquito excreta/feces to amplify Plasmodium, Brugia, and Trypanosoma DNA
Authors: Pilotte Nils , Cook Darren A.N. , Pryce Joseph , Zulch Michael F. , Minetti Corrado , Reimer Lisa J. , Williams Steven A. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Results from an increasing number of studies suggest that mosquito excreta/feces (E/F) testing has considerable potential to serve as a supplement for traditional molecular xenomonitoring techniques. However, as the catalogue of possible use-cases for this methodology expands, and the list of amenable pathogens grows, a number of fundamental methods-based questions remain. Answering these questions is critical to maximizing the utility of this approach and to facilitating its successful implementation as an effective tool for molecular xenomonitoring.Methods: Utilizing E/F produced by mosquitoes or tsetse flies experimentally exposed toBrugia malayi,Plasmodium falciparum, orTrypanosoma brucei brucei, factors such as limits of detection, throughput of testing, adaptability to use with competent- and incompetent-vector species, and effects of additional blood feedings post parasite-exposure were evaluated. Two platforms for the detection of pathogen signal (quantitative real-time PCR and digital PCR [dPCR]) were also compared, with strengths and weaknesses examined for each. Results: Experimental results indicated that high throughput testing is possible when evaluating mosquito E/F for the presence of eitherB. malayiorP. falciparumfrom both competent- and incompetent-vector mosquito species. Furthermore, following exposure to pathogen, providing mosquitoes with a second, uninfected bloodmeal did not expand the temporal window for E/F collection during which pathogen detection was possible. However, this collection window did appear longer in E/F collected from tsetse flies following exposure toT. b. brucei. Testing also suggested that dPCR may facilitate detection through its increased sensitivity. Unfortunately, logistical obstacles will likely make the large-scale use of dPCR impractical for this purpose.Conclusions: By examining many E/F testing variables, expansion of this technology to a field-ready platform has become increasingly feasible. However, translation of this methodology from the lab to the field will first require the completion of field-based pilot studies aimed at assessing the efficacy of E/F screening.
CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF AISI 460LI SUPER-FERRITIC STAINLESS STEEL
Authors: Di Schino Andrea 
Published: December 2019

Following nickel and molybdenum significant price increase, nowadays the stainless steel market is moving toward an increasing use of ferritic stainless steel instead of austenitic stainless and therefore to the development of advanced ferritic stainless steels grades aimed to substitute the more expensive austenitic materials in all applications allowing it. Super-ferritic stainless steels are higher chromium (Cr) and molybdenum (Mo) steels with properties similar to those of standard ferritic alloys. Such elements increase high temperature and corrosion resistance in strong environment. This paper deal about the corrosion reistance of super-ferritic stainless steels with a Cr content ranging from 21% to 24%.
Solutions for implants placed with prosthetic inconvenience
Authors: Bryce Graeme , Diessner Nicholas , Hemmings Ken , MacBeth Neil 
Published: December 2019

A prosthetically-driven approach for dental implant placement offers the most predictable means of achieving a biologically stable and aesthetic implant-supported restoration. Optimal dental implant placement may be limited by local factors and complicate the prosthetic reconstruction. This article aims to offer guidance on the surgical and prosthetic options available to manage suboptimally-positioned dental implants. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article is relevant to dental clinicians placing and restoring dental implants, and those who are considering them in treatment planning.
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF): its role in caries management
Authors: Crystal Yasmi O 
Published: December 2019

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) combines the antibacterial properties of silver and the remineralizing actions of fluoride in an alkaline solution that creates an unfavourable environment for collagen degradation. Clinical trials have proven the efficacy of SDF as a caries-arresting agent in primary teeth and root caries in the elderly. It is minimally invasive, inexpensive, safe and easy to apply, but a sign of arrest is the dark discoloration of the lesions where it is applied. SDF provides clinicians with a valuable additional tool in their armamentarium for caries management that aims to stop the disease process at the tooth surface, when traditional restorative therapy is not the best option, and when aesthetic results are not a concern.CPD/Clinical Relevance: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) provides clinicians with an additional valuable option for arresting dental caries as part of a comprehensive caries management plan when traditional restorative therapy is not the best option.
A collaborative approach in dementia care to improve clinical effectiveness and priorities for research through audit
Authors: Kinley Julie , Ellis-Smith Clare , Hurt Michael , McIvor Karen , Evans Catherine J 
Published: December 2019

Background: To provide appropriate cost-effective care for an ageing population, realignment of care provision to conditions common in advanced age, notably, dementia and multi-morbidities is required. The use of outcome measures in practice may enable this. Aim: A collaborative baseline audit was undertaken to understand how best to implement outcome measures into services for people with dementia across clinical settings. Methods: An academic institution set up a 6-month collaborative baseline audit in 11 English sites. Measures comprised: symptoms/concerns (Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale for Dementia); Phase of Illness; functional status (Australia-modified Karnofsky Performance Scale); and dementia severity (Functional Assessment Staging). Findings: Measures were completed at first assessment for 225 people with dementia across nine sites. Their completion promoted comprehensive assessments, but challenges also existed, including recording the prevalence/severity of non-physical symptoms by proxy. Conclusions: The joining together of clinical academic expertise enabled mobilisation of expert knowledge into and from clinical practice.
PbS nanoparticles saturable absorber for ultrafast pulse generation in 2-µm fiber laser
Authors: Liu Xinxing , Li Xiaohui , Tang Yulong , Zhang Shuaiyi 
Published: December 2019

Owing to its unique electronic and optical properties, lead sulfide (PbS) has stimulated great interest in various areas including ultrafast optics. Here, solution-processed PbS nanoparticles (NPs) deposited on a gold mirror are used as the saturable absorber (SA) to modulate a 2 µm Tm-doped fiber laser for ultrafast pulse generation. The PbS NPs have a broadband linear absorption decreasing from 350–2400 nm, with an absorption coefficient of

>

20

%

at 2 µm. Nonlinear optical absorption of the PbS NPs SA at 2 µm provides a modulation depth of 8.8% and a saturable intensity of

0.8

M
W

/

c
m

2

. A Tm-doped fiber laser mode-locked with the PbS NPs SA gives a maximum pulse energy of 7.3 nJ, pulse width of 4.24 ps, spectral width of 2.5 nm at

∼
1993

n
m

. The damage threshold as high as

24

G
W

/

c
m

2

together with large modulation depth, low saturation intensity, and long-term stability make solution-based PbS NPs excellent candidates as light modulators in the 2 µm spectral region and beyond.
'Distinctiveness' and programme diversity in public broadcasting revisited: A seven-country comparison
Authors: Hendrickx Jonathan , Raats Tim , Ranaivoson Heritiana , Opgenhaffen Michaël 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the past decade, public service broadcasters have been confronted with major shifts affecting their remit, portfolio and financing. Heavily fuelled by cutbacks and increasing competition, discussions on 'distinctiveness' have resurfaced again and stand central in many policy discussions on the legitimacy of public service broadcasting. This article critically contextualizes discussions on distinctiveness within broader scholarly work on genre and genre diversity in public service broadcasting. It presents the findings of a comparative, quantitative study of the programming schedule of seven public broadcasters (Flanders, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Portugal and the United Kingdom). The article addresses how discussions on distinctiveness tap into broader discussions on genre diversity and the amount of entertainment in public service broadcasting programming, how we can assess and compare the diversity of genre programming across different broadcasters, and to what extent high levels of specific genres such as entertainment can be linked to other performance indicators of the selected public broadcasters. The article provides a consistent comparison of genre outputs, based on an original database made of a large set of countries and a high, representative number of programmes and applies a consistent set of indexes to assess not only the share of entertainment but also the diversity of the programming. The underlying question to this article is to what extent genre is still valuable to measure performance and legitimacy of public service broadcasting, considering difficulties of measuring 'genre' as proxy for public service media's (PSM) effectiveness.
Researching intersectionality in media studies: Theoretical approaches, methods and applications in communication and media research practice
Authors: Gouma Assimina , Dorer Johanna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Intersectionality is a critical approach to theorizing and exploring the interlocking of social inequality categories such as gender, race, ethnicity, class and sexuality in various levels of policies, social discourses, institutions and subject positionings. While social discourses do not arise in isolation from an all-encompassing media world, media, as co-producers of social power relations, are particularly interesting for the concept of intersectionality. However, the intersectional approach is rather a research field at the margins of German communication studies. This article discusses the theoretical prerequisites and methodological implications of intersectionality and provides examples of how an empirical implementation is possible in media research.
Az iskolához való viszony fogalmi értelmezéseinek összehasonlító vizsgálata
Authors: Czető Krisztina 
Published: December 2019

A tanulók iskolához való viszonyulásainak, az iskolai életben való részvételük minőségének megragadására a nemzetközi szakirodalomban különböző elméleti konstrukciókkal találkozhatunk (vö. Libbey, 2004; Stern, 2012). Ezek, az iskola iránti attitűdöket különböző fogalmakkal írják le, és a koncepcionális tisztázatlanság, a fogalmi átfedések megnehezítik a jelenség kutatását is (Libbey, 2004). A széttartó megközelítések az iskolai élet különböző területeire fókuszálnak, ugyanakkor számos tartalmi egyezést is mutatnak. Jelen elméleti kutatás a tanulók iskolához kapcsolódó kognitív, affektív és viselkedéses viszonyulásait, azok mintázatait, valamint az iskolai mindennapokban való részvételük minőségét megragadó konstruktumok összehasonlító-elemző vizsgálatával foglalkozik. Az iskolai attitűdöt az iskolához való érzelmi-társas közelség érzésén keresztül megragadó konstruktumok (’school connectedness/belonging/bond’) a társas kapcsolatok minőségét, az azokba való bevonódás és ráfordítás mértékét, valamint a társaktól és tanároktól megtapasztalt elfogadás, támogatás érzését állítják a középpontba (vö. Lohmeier és Lee, 2012; Goodenow és Grady, 1993; Jenkins, 1997). Az elköteleződés/bevonódás (’engagement’) mint meta-konstruktum pedig a tanulók affektív, kognitív és viselkedéses mintázatait jelöli, és itt is megfigyelhető egyfajta tartalmi diverzitás az összetevők számát és tartalmát illetően a különböző megközelítésekben (vö. Fredricks és mtsai.,2004; Appleton és mtsai., 2008; Griffiths és mtsai., 2009; Reschly és Christenson, 2012). Az elköteleződés/bevonódás több komponensű modelljei komplex képet adhatnak a tanulók iskolához fűződő kapcsolatáról és annak dimnezióiról. Az iskolai attitűd koncepcionális rendszerező vizsgálata, és ezek alapján kutatásának jelentősége, hogy az iskolai iránti viszonyulások meghatározzák a tanulói motivációt, befolyásolják a társas kapcsolatok minőségét, az egyén szubjektív jóllétét, ezeken keresztül pedig hatással vannak énhatékonyság érzésére és iskolai teljesítményre is.