bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary vs delayed primary closure in patients undergoing lower limb amputation following trauma: A randomised control study
Authors: Katiyar Anand K. , Agarwal Harshit , Priyadarshini Pratyusha , Kumar Abhinav , Kumar Subodh , Gupta Amit , Mishra Biplab , Aggarwal Richa , Soni Kapil D. , Mathur Purva , Sagar Rajesh , Srivastava Anurag , Banerjee Niladri , Sagar Sushma 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLower limb crush injury is a major source of mortality and morbidity in trauma patients. Complications, especially surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major source of financial burden to the institute and to the patient as it delays rehabilitation. As such, every possible attempt should be made to reduce any complications. We, thus, aimed to compare the outcomes in early vs delayed closure of lower extremity stumps in cases of lower limb crush injury requiring amputation, so as to achieve best possible outcome. A randomised controlled study was conducted in the Division of Trauma Surgery & Critical Care at Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi from 1 September 2018 to 30 June 2019 and included patients undergoing lower limb amputation below hip joint. Patients were randomised in two groups, in one group amputation stump was closed primarily, while in the second group delayed primary closure of stump was performed. We compared rate of SSI, length of hospital stay, and number of surgeries in both the groups. Fifty‐six patients with 63 amputation stumps were recruited in the study. Mean age of patients in the study was 34 years, of which about 95% patients were males. The most common mechanism of injury was road traffic injury in 66% of patients. Mean injury severity score was 12.28 and four patients had diabetes preoperatively. Total 63 extremities were randomised with 30 cases in group I and 33 cases in group II as per computer‐generated random number. Above knee amputations was commonest (57.14%) followed by below knee amputations (33.3%). Two patients died in the current study. In group I, In‐hospital infection was detected in 7 cases (23.3%) and in group II 9 cases (27.3%) had SSI during hospital admission (P > .05). Mean hospital stay in group I was 10.32 ± 7.68 days and in group II was 11 ± 8.17 days (P > .05). Road traffic injuries and train‐associated injuries are a major cause of lower limb crush injuries, leading to limb loss. Delayed primary closure of such wounds requires extra number of surgical interventions than primary closure. There is no difference in extra number of surgical interventions required in both the groups. Thus, primary closure can be safely performed in patients undergoing lower limb amputations following trauma, provided that a good lavage and wound debridement is performed.
On the “Invisible Inventory Conundrum” in RFID‐Equipped Supply Chains: A Data Science Approach to Assessing Tag Performance
Authors: Rao Shashank , Ellis Scott C. , Goldsby Thomas J. , Raju Dheeraj 
Published: December 2019

Recent trade reports suggest that RFID implementation continues to lag lofty projections. A primary concern is that, despite the high cost of implementing RFID systems, realized read‐rates fall short of expectations. This results in the invisible inventory conundrum whereby tagged merchandise may still not be accurately represented in inventory records. Drawing from data science to address this issue, we ask: How can directed data mining models be used to identify laboratory test performance criteria for RFID tags that operate reliably across the idiosyncratic facilities (i.e., unique DCs, warehouses, and stores) that comprise apparel retailers’ supply chains? We investigate this question by advancing a methodology that integrates laboratory test performance data, field tests of RFID tags fixed to apparel items and scanned under normal operating conditions, and the application of five directed data mining models to the integrated data set of laboratory and field test results. Our analyses of 45,416 observations show that two directed data mining models may identify—with near‐100% accuracy—laboratory test criteria that discriminate tags having 99% or greater read‐rates in the field. Accordingly, our study validates a generalizable methodology for identifying technical performance standards for tags that operate reliably within apparel retailers’ supply chains.
Exploring the contributing factors to workarounds to the hospital information system in Malaysian hospitals
Authors: Salahuddin Lizawati , Ismail Zuraini , Abd Ghani Mohd Khanapi , Mohd Aboobaider Burhanuddin , Hasan Basari Abd Samad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to identify the factors influencing workarounds to the Hospital Information System (HIS) in Malaysian government hospitals.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted among 31 medical doctors in three Malaysian government hospitals on the implementation of the Total Hospital Information System (THIS) between March and May 2015. A thematic qualitative analysis was performed on the resultant data to deduce the relevant themes.ResultsFive themes emerged as the factors influencing workarounds to the HIS: (a) typing skills, (b) system usability, (c) computer resources, (d) workload, and (e) time.ConclusionsThis study provided the key factors as to why doctors were involved in workarounds during the implementation of the HIS. It is important to understand these factors in order to help mitigate work practices that can pose a threat to patient safety.
Effects of coating pistachio kernels with mixtures of whey protein and selected herbal plant extracts on growth inhibition of Aspergillus flavus and prevention of aflatoxin during storage
Authors: Tavakolipour Hamid , Kalbasi‐Ashtari Ahmad , Mokhtarian Mohsen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhey protein concentrate (WPC) mixed with various concentrations of Shirazi thyme (ST), sage, and cumin seed (CS) extracts separately. Then pistachio kernels (PK) contaminated with Aspergillus flavus (Af) were coated with each extract and the Af mycelium and generated aflatoxins measured after 3, 5, and 7‐days at 20°C. The ST, sage, and CS had two major antioxidants of thymol (~27%) and carvacrol (~41%), α‐thujone (~28%) and camphor (~14%), and cumin‐aldehyde (~21%) and safranal (~20%), respectively. While the Af mycelium diameter on PK without extract became >90 mm within 3 days, it was shrunk after 7 days when the WPC‐coated PK had 4,000 ppm ST extract. When ST concentrations increased in WPC‐coated PK linearly, the Af growth and aflatoxins production decreased logarithmically. No aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) detected in PK after 9 days when the extract concentrations of ST, sage, and CS in WPC reached, respectively to 5,000, 4,500, and 6,500 ppm. Sage extract had significantly (p < .01) the highest TPC (lowest IC50) and preventing power for aflatoxin generation in comparison with ST and CS extracts. The PK will be safe and healthy if the extract concentration of sage, ST, and CS exceed 950, 1,400, and 1,700 mg/kg, respectively.
Salmonella sensitivity to sodium hypochlorite and citric acid in washing water of lettuce residues
Authors: Borges Thaís J. , Moretti Letícia K. , Silva Marselle M. N. , Tondo Eduardo C. , Pereira Karen S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSalmonella spp. is one of the main lettuce pathogens and should be inactivated during the disinfection of these vegetables before consumption. In minimally processed vegetable industries, residues of organic matter can prevent the inactivation of this pathogen by disinfectants. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the inactivation of Salmonella isolated from organic lettuce to sodium hypochlorite (25 and 50 ppm) and citric acid (0.5 and 1%) in washing water added with lettuce residues. To do so, a washing water with lettuce residues was elaborated, and Salmonella was added in the order of 106 CFU/ml. Thereafter, each sanitizer was added separately to evaluate its effect on reducing Salmonella counts. After 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, and 15 min of contact with the sanitizers, serial dilutions using neutralizer (0.5% sodium thiosulfate) were performed and each dilution was sown in Xylose‐Lysine‐Desoxycholate medium. Total aerobic mesophilic counts of wash water with lettuce residues before testing (without Salmonella) and after 15 min of exposure to each sanitizer (with Salmonella) were also performed. In addition, the free chlorine still present in the samples after the contact of sodium hypochlorite with lettuce residues for 15 min. The results demonstrated that 50 and 25 ppm sodium hypochlorite could reduce 6 log CFU/ml of Salmonella in 1 and 3 min of contact, respectively, while 0.5 and 1% citric acid was able to reduce 1.26 and 1.74 log CFU/ml respectively from the same microorganism within 15 min of contact. The total aerobic mesophilic counts of the wash water before being tested were, on average, 1.5 log CFU/ml. After addition of Salmonella, with 15 min of contact with the sanitizer, the results of total counts showed the same magnitude as the Salmonella counts. Organic matter may have reacted with the free chlorine present, reducing chlorine concentrations, since values of 30.4 ppm were observed when the initial concentration should be 50 and 17.1 ppm when the initial concentration should be 25 ppm. Based on the results, sodium hypochlorite demonstrated a greater microbial reduction capacity in wash water with lettuce residues, indicating that it is more appropriate to avoid cross‐contamination between batches during sanitation of lettuce in washing tanks.
Immunofluorescence analysis of sensory nerve endings in the interosseous membrane of the forearm
Authors: Rein Susanne , Esplugas Mireia , Garcia‐Elias Marc , Magin Thomas M. , Randau Thomas M. , Siemers Frank , Philipps Hubertus M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe human interosseous membrane (IOM) is a fundamental stabilizer during forearm rotation. To investigate the dynamic aspects of forearm stability, we analyzed sensory nerve endings in the IOM. The distal oblique bundle (DOB), the distal accessory band (DAB), the central band (CB), the proximal accessory band (PAB), the dorsal oblique accessory cord (DOAC) and the proximal oblique cord (POC) were dissected from 11 human cadaver forearms. Sensory nerve endings were analyzed at two levels per specimen as total cell amount/mm2 after immunofluorescence staining with low‐affinity neurotrophin receptor p75, protein gene product 9.5, S‐100 protein and 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole on an Apotome microscope, according to Freeman and Wyke’s classification. Sensory nerve endings were significantly more commonly found to be equally distributed throughout the structures, rather than being epifascicular, interstitial, or close to the insertion into bone (P ≤ 0.001, respectively). Free nerve endings were the predominant mechanoreceptor in all six structures, with highest density in the DOB, followed by the POC (P ≤ 0.0001, respectively). The DOB had the highest density of Pacini corpuscles. The DOAC and CB had the lowest amounts of sensory innervation. The high density of sensory corpuscles in the DOB, PAB and POC indicate that proprioceptive control of the compressive and directional muscular forces acting on the distal and proximal radioulnar joints is monitored by the DOB, PAB and POC, respectively, due to their closed proximity to both joints, whereas the central parts of the IOM act as structures of passive restraint.
Baseline sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum from wheat fields in Henan, China, to metconazole and analysis of cross resistance with carbendazim and phenamacril
Authors: Liu Shengming , Liu Jinliang , Fu Liuyuan , Chen Jinpeng , Wang Shuan , Jiang Jia , Che Zhiping , Tian Yuee , Chen Genqiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe filamentous plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum is one of the most important pathogens causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat in the Henan Province of China. Metconazole is among the demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides with a higher inhibitory activity on the mycelial growth of F. graminearum. In 2016 and 2017, 119 single spore isolates of F. graminearum, prior to being exposed to metconazole, were recovered from 52 wheat fields near 11 cities in Henan Province. The inhibitory activity of metconazole on the mycelia of the Henan F. graminearum population was determined, and EC50 values were calculated. The range of EC50 values of the Henan F. graminearum population to metconazole was 0.0103 to 0.0775 μg/ml with an average EC50 value of 0.0293 ± 0.0114 μg/ml. The sensitivity frequency distribution curve presented a single peak in a narrow range. No cross‐resistance was found between the DMI fungicide metconazole and the benzimidazole fungicide carbendazim or the cyanoacrylate fungicide phenamacril. Therefore, these sensitivity data could be used as the baseline of F. graminearum susceptibility to metconazole in the Henan Province and provide the basis for monitoring metconazole resistance in this area.
Self-assembled liposome from core-sheath chitosan-based fibres for buccal delivery of carvedilol: formulation, characterization and in vitro and ex vivo buccal absorption
Authors: Chen Jianting , Pan Hao , Duan Hongliang , Deng Wenbin , Zhang Fei , Yang Xinggang , Pan Weisan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
A novel drug delivery system based on self-assembled liposome from core-sheath nanofibres for buccal delivery of Carvedilol (Car) was explored.

Methods
The Car-loaded PVP/PC (phospholipids) layer was coated with chitosan-PVA (CS-PVA) or CS-PVP to increase retention period in the mouth. SEM, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), XRD and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were applied to characterize fibre diameter and drug state. Appearance, particle size and encapsulation efficiency of self-assembled liposome were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Zeta-sizer Nano. The dissolution test and permeation tests across porcine buccal mucosa and TR146 cell model also were run.

Key findings
Confocal laser scanning microscopy and XRD confirmed the core-sheath structure of coaxial fibre and non-crystalline form of Car, separately. TEM demonstrated the sphere morphology of self-assembled liposome from spun fibres after contacting water. The dissolution test implied the ratio of PC to Car had a huge impact on drug release. The permeation tests across porcine buccal mucosa and TR146 cell model showed similar result, namely our formulation having a better permeation performance than Car suspension. The indirect toxicity against TR146 cells presented 5 mg/ml (or lower) of fibre extraction was safe for cells.

Conclusions
These researches exhibited this drug delivery system was promising and advantageous for Car buccal delivery.
Congruent spatial patterns of species richness and phylogenetic diversity in karst flora: Case study of Primulina (Gesneriaceae)
Authors: Xu Mei‐Zhen , Yang Li‐Hua , Kong Hang‐Hui , Wen Fang , Kang Ming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe karst landform in southern China is renowned for its high levels of species diversity and endemism. Globally, karst ecosystems are under threat from unsustainable anthropogenic disturbance and climate changes and are among the most threatened ecosystems worldwide. In this study, we used the typical karst endemic genus in southern China, Primulina Hance, as a model to identify areas within the karst landform with high diversity and to investigate congruence between phylogenetic and species‐based measures of diversity. Using phylogenetic information and species distribution data, we measured geographical patterns of diversity with four metrics: species richness (SR), corrected weighted endemism (CWE), phylogenetic diversity (PD), and phylogenetic endemism (PE). Our results revealed a high spatial congruence among SR, PD, and PE, with hotspot areas identified in the Nanling Mountains (i.e., north Guangdong and northeast Guangxi) and southeast Yungui Plateau (i.e., north and southwest Guangxi), whereas the hotspots of CWE are comparatively uniform throughout the geographic extent. The categorical analysis of neo‐ and paleoendemism identified a pattern of mixed neo‐ and paleoendemism in numerous grid cells, suggesting that karst areas in southern China have acted as both “museums” and “cradles” of plant evolution. Conservation gap analysis of hotspots revealed that the majority of prioritized hotspots (>90%) of the genus are outside of protected areas, therefore indicating the limited effectiveness of national nature reserves for the karst flora. Overall, our results suggest that the karst flora merits more conservation attention and SR can be an effective surrogate to capture PD in conservation planning.
Speciation history of European (Anguilla anguilla) and American eel (A. rostrata), analysed using genomic data
Authors: Nikolic Natacha , Liu Shenglin , Jacobsen Magnus W. , Jónsson Bjarni , Bernatchez Louis , Gagnaire Pierre‐Alexandre , Hansen Michael M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSpeciation in the ocean could differ from terrestrial environments due to fewer barriers to gene flow. Hence, sympatric speciation might be common, with American and European eel being candidates for exemplifying this. They show disjunct continental distributions on both sides of the Atlantic, but spawn in overlapping regions of the Sargasso Sea from where juveniles are advected to North American, European and North African coasts. Hybridization and introgression are known to occur, with hybrids almost exclusively observed in Iceland. Different speciation scenarios have been suggested, involving either vicariance or sympatric ecological speciation. Using RAD sequencing and whole‐genome sequencing data from parental species and F1 hybrids, we analysed speciation history based on the joint allele frequency spectrum (JAFS) and pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent (PSMC) plots. JAFS supported a model involving a split without gene flow 150,000–160,000 generations ago, followed by secondary contact 87,000–92,000 generations ago, with 64% of the genome experiencing restricted gene flow. This supports vicariance rather than sympatric speciation, likely associated with Pleistocene glaciation cycles and ocean current changes. Whole‐genome PSMC analysis of F1 hybrids from Iceland suggested divergence 200,000 generations ago and indicated subsequent gene flow rather than strict isolation. Finally, simulations showed that results from both approaches (JAFS and PSMC) were congruent. Hence, there is strong evidence against sympatric speciation in North Atlantic eels. These results reiterate the need for careful consideration of cases of possible sympatric speciation, as even in seemingly barrier‐free oceanic environments palaeoceanographic factors may have promoted vicariance and allopatric speciation.
Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth: Toward a Theory for How the Tragedy of the Anticommons Emerges in Organizations
Authors: McCarter Matthew W. , Kopelman Shirli , Turk Thomas A. , Ybarra Candace E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn organizations, conflict revolves around the use of shared resources. Research on property rights, territoriality, and social dilemmas suggests that to reduce such conflict, organizations could facilitate the psychological privatization of commons resources. We introduce a model that helps understand how psychologically privatizing organizational commons resources—to prevent the overuse problem of the tragedy of the commons (Hardin, G. Science, 162, 1968, 1243)—can lead to the emergence of another resource dilemma. We develop a model that illustrates how resource complexity and group complexity increase psychological marking and defending behaviors. These behaviors potentially lead to a problem of resource underuse—a tragedy of the anticommons (Heller, M. A. Harvard Law Review, 111, 1998, 621)—in organizational settings. The conceptual model, integrating insights from research on property rights, territoriality, and social dilemmas with law and social psychology, provides a bottom‐up behavioral explanation of the emergence of the tragedy of the anticommons in organizations and outlines opportunities for future research.
Brachypodium distachyon MAP20 functions in metaxylem pit development and contributes to drought recovery
Authors: Smertenko Tetyana , Turner Glenn , Fahy Deirdre , Brew‐Appiah Rhoda A. T. , Alfaro‐Aco Raymundo , de Almeida Engler Janice , Sanguinet Karen A. , Smertenko Andrei 
Published: December 2019

Summary

Pits are regions in the cell walls of plant tracheary elements that lack secondary walls. Each pit consists of a space within the secondary wall called a pit chamber, and a modified primary wall called the pit membrane. The pit membrane facilitates transport of solutions between vessel cells and restricts embolisms during drought. Here we analyzed the role of an angiosperm‐specific TPX2‐like microtubule protein MAP20 in pit formation using Brachypodium distachyon as a model system.

Live cell imaging was used to analyze the interaction of MAP20 with microtubules and the impact of MAP20 on microtubule dynamics. MAP20‐specific antibody was used to study expression and localization of MAP20 in different cell types during vascular bundle development. We used an artificial microRNAs (amiRNA) knockdown approach to determine the function of MAP20.

MAP20 is expressed during the late stages of vascular bundle development and localizes around forming pits and under secondary cell wall thickenings in metaxylem cells. MAP20 suppresses microtubule depolymerization; however, unlike the animal TPX2 counterpart, MAP20 does not cooperate with the γ‐tubulin ring complex in microtubule nucleation. Knockdown of MAP20 causes bigger pits, thinner pit membranes, perturbed vasculature development, lower reproductive potential and higher drought susceptibility.

We conclude that MAP20 may contribute to drought adaptation by modulating pit size and pit membrane thickness in metaxylem.
Effect of Particle Size Ratios on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Surgical‐Grade Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate
Authors: Hu Pan , Lun Deng‐xing , Wang Peng‐sheng , Tu Zhi‐ming 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo analyze the optimum particle size or formula ratio of surgical‐grade calcium sulfate (CS) for appropriate compressive strength, setting time, and vitro degradation rate.MethodsThree types of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) particles with diameters of 0–37.5 μm, 37.5–75 μm, and >75 μm were screened. Based on formulation ratio of different particles, this topic is divided into 10 groups by the unconstrained third‐order simplex lattice mixing design scheme in formula design experiment. The optimum formulation ratio of particle diameter for compressive strength, solidification time, and degradation rate in vitro was analyzed.ResultsWhen the percentage of the particle diameter of CS with 0–37.5 μm, 37.5–75 μm and >75 μm are 55.0%, 17.4%, and 27.6% respectively, the compressive strength of the test sample is the highest, which is 14.16 MPa. When the percentage of the particle diameter of CS with 0–37.5 μm, 37.5–75 μm, and >75 μm are 0.00%, 0.00%, and 100.00% respectively, the initial setting time of the sample is the longest, which is 410.0 s. When the percentage of the particle diameter of CS with 0–37.5 μm, 37.5–75 μm, and >75 μm are 0.00%, 0.00%, and 100.00% respectively, the final setting time of the sample is the largest, and the final setting time of the sample is 460.00 s. When the percentage of the particle diameter of CS with 0–37.5 μm, 37.5–75 μm, and >75 μm are 0.00%, 0.00%, and 100.00% respectively, the degradation rate of the sample in vitro is the slowest, which is 18.8%.ConclusionThe morphological structure of surgical‐grade CS can affect compressive strength, setting time, and in vitro degradation rate. Surgical CS should be prepared based on different uses.