bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact high-efficiency pentahedron and quatrefoil shape antennas with enhanced gain for GSM1800, 3G, 4G-LTE energy harvesting applications
Authors: Polaiah Geriki , Krishnamoorthy K. , Kulkarni Muralidhar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, three compact, high-efficiency, gain enhanced antennas, and corresponding rectifiers have been proposed for GSM1800, 3G, and 4G-LTE energy harvesting applications. The inverted L-stub is placed on the ground plane of the monopole antenna to get the desired frequency band of GSM1800 MHz. The feed length variation method has been adopted for the slot antennas to obtain the required frequency of 3G and 4G-LTE cellular bands. The performance of antennas is analyzed with the inverted L-stub, feed length variation, and the reflector distance. The maximum gain achieved with the reflector positioned at a distance of λ/4 from the antenna backside is three times greater than the gain obtained without the reflector. The prototype antennas and rectifiers have been simulated, fabricated, measured various parameters, and compared with the simulation results. The antennas provide more than 82% radiation efficiency and an enhanced gain of greater than 5.6 dB. The peak efficiency of rectifiers of more than 30% has been achieved. The aforementioned three antennas are integrated with their corresponding rectifiers for operating at 1.8, 2.1, and 2.3 GHz frequencies. The proposed rectennas are formidably suitable for the reception of RF power from the cellular bands.
Unearthing the myths of global sustainable forest governance
Authors: Delabre Izabela , Boyd Emily , Brockhaus Maria , Carton Wim , Krause Torsten , Newell Peter , Wong Grace Y. , Zelli Fariborz 
Published: May 2020

Non-technical summaryDespite efforts to address the global forest crisis, deforestation and degradation continue, so we need to urgently revisit possible solutions. A failure to halt the global forest crisis contributes to climate change and biodiversity loss and will continue to result in inequalities in access to, and benefits from, forest resources. In this paper, we unpack a series of powerful myths about forests and their management. By exposing and better understanding these myths and what makes them so persistent, we have the basis to make the social and political changes needed to better manage and protect forests globally.
Unprecedented Surface Chlorophyll Blooms in the Southeastern Arabian Sea During an Extreme Negative Indian Ocean Dipole
Authors: Thushara V. , Vinayachandran P. N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObservations of ocean color in the southeastern Arabian Sea (SEAS) during the late boreal summer and fall of 2016 reveal the highest surface chlorophyll concentrations (>1.0 mg m−3) ever reported in the region in the past two decades of the satellite era. Anomalous chlorophyll blooms were triggered by two cold‐core eddies, along the periphery of the coastal upwelling zone. Observational evidence suggest that the eddy formation and propagation can be attributed to the local wind forcing and the remote effects originating around Sri Lanka and the southern tip of India (STI) during the extreme negative Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) of 2016. The eddy‐induced anomalous shoaling of thermocline indicates strong upwelling of subsurface nutrients and chlorophyll and enhanced light availability for phytoplankton growth favoring the observed biological response. The study signifies the unprecedented impacts of extreme climatic events on oceanic chlorophyll and the need for better understanding of the associated biophysical interactions.
Tides on Other Earths: Implications for Exoplanet and Palaeo‐Tidal Simulations
Authors: Blackledge B. W. , Green J. A. M. , Barnes R. , Way M. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA key controller of a planet's rotational evolution, and hence habitability, is tidal dissipation, which on Earth is dominated by the ocean tides. Because exoplanet or deep‐time Earth topographies are unknown, a statistical ensemble is used to constrain possible tidal dissipation rates on an Earth‐like planet. A dedicated tidal model is used together with 120 random continental configurations to simulate Earth's semidiurnal lunar tide. The results show a possible ocean tidal dissipation range spanning 3 orders of magnitude, between 2.3 GWto 1.9 TW (1 TW=1012 W). When model resolution is considered, this compares well with theoretical limits derived for the energetics of Earth's present‐day deep ocean. Consequently, continents exert a fundamental control on tidal dissipation rates and we suggest that plate tectonics on a planet will induce a time‐varying dissipation analogous to Earth's. This will alter rotational periods over millions of years and further complicate the role of tides for planetary evolution.
Electron Acceleration by Magnetosheath Jet‐Driven Bow Waves
Authors: Liu Terry Z. , Hietala Heli , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Vainio Rami , Omelchenko Yuri 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMagnetosheath jets are localized fast flows with enhanced dynamic pressure. When they supermagnetosonically compress the ambient magnetosheath plasma, a bow wave or shock can form ahead of them. Such a bow wave was recently observed to accelerate ions and possibly electrons. The ion acceleration process was previously analyzed, but the electron acceleration process remains largely unexplored. Here we use multipoint observations by Time History of Events and Macroscale during Substorms from three events to determine whether and how magnetosheath jet‐driven bow waves can accelerate electrons. We show that when suprathermal electrons in the ambient magnetosheath convect toward a bow wave, some electrons are shock‐drift accelerated and reflected toward the ambient magnetosheath and others continue moving downstream of the bow wave resulting in bidirectional motion. Our study indicates that magnetosheath jet‐driven bow waves can result in additional energization of suprathermal electrons in the magnetosheath. It implies that magnetosheath jets can increase the efficiency of electron acceleration at planetary bow shocks or other similar astrophysical environments.
New Middle–Late Permian Paleomagnetic and Geochronological Results From Inner Mongolia and their Paleogeographic Implications
Authors: Ren Qiang , Zhang Shihong , Gao Yangjun , Zhao Hanqing , Wu Huaichun , Yang Tianshui , Li Haiyan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA combined paleomagnetic and geochronological study was conducted on the red beds of the Zhesi Formation (ZSF) in the Xilinhot–Songliao Block (XSB) and the andesites and sandstones of the Qingfengshan Formation (QFF) in the North China Block (NCB). The ZSF tuffs and the QFF andesites were dated to 265.3 ± 1.8 Ma and 254.8–257.1 Ma, respectively, using the zircon U–Pb laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) method. A total of 246 paleomagnetic samples were subjected to stepwise thermal demagnetization. After removal of the low‐temperature viscous components acquired in the recent geomagnetic field, stable high‐temperature components (HTCs) were isolated from most samples. The HTC of the ZSF passed a fold test, and the HTC of the QFF passed both fold and reversal tests, indicating their primary origins. The corresponding paleomagnetic poles are 57.4°N/342.0°E (A95 = 4.3°) for the XSB at ~265 Ma and 54.3°N/20.2°E (A95 = 3.3°) for the NCB at ~255 Ma. Comparison of high‐quality Permian paleomagnetic poles of the XSB and NCB reveals a latitudinal convergence and relative rotation between them that led to a scissors‐like closure of the Solonker Ocean from west to east between ~265 and ~246 Ma, which controlled the mixing of the Cathaysian and Angara floras in space and time. The XSB and NCB moved rapidly northward between ~265 and ~255 Ma, which probably accelerated the end‐Guadalupian mass extinction in East Asia.
Ensemble Projection of Runoff in a Large‐Scale Basin: Modeling With a Global BMA Approach
Authors: Yan Ziqi , Zhou Zuhao , Liu Jiajia , Han Zhenyu , Gao Ge , Jiang Xintong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe projection of runoff in a large‐scale basin under climate change and human activities is crucial for the future management of water supplies. The impacts of climate change on runoff projections are associated with large uncertainties. In this study, using the optimization and selection of climate models, as well as an uncertainty analysis via the global Bayesian model averaging (BMA) approach, an ensemble projection framework was established to significantly improve the reliability of runoff projections in the future. The global BMA algorithm proposed in this study is an improvement on the BMA algorithm for large basins and is designed to reflect the differences among various models across the basin. In this algorithm, comprehensive BMA weights are obtained by considering the number (N) of stations in a basin. To verify the feasibility and improvement of this method, the runoff in 2050 and 2070 was projected with data from the Yellow River Basin, China. The runoff and its 90% confidence intervals at the six main stations in the Yellow River Basin were obtained. The increased evapotranspiration will exceed the increase in runoff generated by increase in precipitation in the future. The runoff in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River in 2050 and 2070 are projected to be 9% and 7% lower, respectively, than those in the reference period. The ensemble projection method proposed in this paper can be used as a widely applicable process in hydrometeorological ensemble projection and provides a basis for water resource management planning.
Evidence of Nighttime Production of Organic Nitrates During SEAC4RS, FRAPPÉ, and KORUS‐AQ
Authors: Kenagy Hannah S. , Sparks Tamara L. , Wooldridge Paul J. , Weinheimer Andrew J. , Ryerson Thomas B. , Blake Donald R. , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Apel Eric C. , Cohen Ronald C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOrganic nitrates (RONO2) are an important NOx sink. In warm, rural environments dominated by biogenic emissions, nocturnal NO3‐initiated production of RONO2 is competitive with daytime OH‐initiated RONO2 production. However, in urban areas, OH‐initiated production of RONO2 has been assumed dominant and NO3‐initiated production considered negligible. We show evidence for nighttime RONO2 production similar in magnitude to daytime production during three aircraft campaigns in chemically distinct summertime environments: Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) in the rural Southeastern United States, Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment (FRAPPÉ) in the Colorado Front Range, and Korea‐United States Air Quality Study (KORUS‐AQ) around the megacity of Seoul. During each campaign, morning observations show RONO2 enhancements at constant, near‐background Ox (≡ O3+NO2) concentrations, indicating that the RONO2 are from a non‐photochemical source, whereas afternoon observations show a strong correlation between RONO2 and Ox resulting from photochemical production. We show that there are sufficient precursors for nighttime RONO2 formation during all three campaigns. This evidence impacts our understanding of nighttime NOx chemistry.
Divergence of Sediment Fluxes Triggered by Sea‐Level Rise Will Reshape Coastal Bays
Authors: Zhang Xiaohe , Leonardi Nicoletta , Donatelli Carmine , Fagherazzi Sergio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSediment budget and sediment availability are direct metrics for evaluating the resilience of coastal bays to sea‐level rise (SLR). Here we use a high‐resolution numerical model of a tidally dominated marsh‐lagoon system to explore feedbacks between SLR and sediment dynamics. SLR augments tidal prism and inundation depth, facilitating sediment deposition on the marsh platform. At the same time, our results indicate that SLR enhances ebb‐dominated currents and increases sediment resuspension, reducing the sediment‐trapping capacity of tidal flats and bays and leading to a negative sediment budget for the entire system. This bimodal distribution of sediments budget trajectories will have a profound impact on the morphology of coastal bays, increasing the difference in elevation between salt marshes and tidal flats and potentially affecting intertidal ecosystems. Our results also clearly indicate that landforms lower with respect to the tidal frame are more affected by SLR than salt marshes.
Simultaneous Observations of Localized and Global Drift Resonance
Authors: Hao Y. X. , Zhao X. X. , Zong Q.‐G. , Zhou X.‐Z. , Rankin R. , Chen X. R. , Liu Y. , Fu S. Y. , Blake J. B. , Reeves G. D. , Claudepierre S. G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, we present Van Allen Probe observations showing that seed (hundreds of keV) and core (
1 MeV) electrons can resonate with ultra‐low‐frequency (ULF) wave modes with distinctive m values simultaneously. An unusual electron energy spectrogram with double‐banded resonant structure was recorded by energetic particle, composition, and thermal plasma (ECT)‐magnetic electron ion spectrometer (MagEIS) and, meanwhile, boomerang stripes in pitch angle spectrogram appeared at the lower energy band. A localized drift resonance with m = 10 wave component was responsible for the resonant band peaked at ∼200 keV while a global drift resonance with m = 3 component gave rise to the upper band resonance peaked at ∼1 MeV. Time‐Of‐Flight on boomerang stripes suggested that the localized drift resonance with ∼200 keV electrons was confined within the plasmaspheric plume. Electron flux modulations were reproduced by numerical simulations in good consistency with the observations, supporting the scenario that localized and global drift resonance could coexist in the outer belt electron dynamics simultaneously.
The 2020 Mw 6.8 Elazığ (Turkey) Earthquake Reveals Rupture Behavior of the East Anatolian Fault
Authors: Pousse‐Beltran Léa , Nissen Edwin , Bergman Eric A. , Cambaz Musavver Didem , Gaudreau Élyse , Karasözen Ezgi , Tan Fengzhou 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe 2020 Mw 6.8 Elazığ earthquake was the largest along the East Anatolian Fault (EAF) in over a century, providing valuable insights into its rupture behavior. We use satellite geodesy and seismology to detail the mainshock rupture, postseismic deformation, and aftershocks. The mainshock propagated mostly westward at ∼2 km/s from a nucleation point on an abrupt ∼10° fault bend. Only one end of the rupture corresponds to an established EAF segment boundary, and the earthquake may have propagated into the slip zone of the 1874 M ∼ 7.1 Gölcuk Gölu earthquake. It exhibits a pronounced (∼80%) shallow slip deficit, only a small proportion of which is recovered by early aseismic afterslip. The slow rupture velocity, shallow slip deficit, and minimal afterslip are characteristic of earthquakes hosted by faults of low‐to‐intermediate structural maturity, indicating that faults continue to evolve in important ways even as they accrue cumulative offsets of tens of kilometers.
Revisiting the Relationship Between Tropical Cyclone Size and Intensity Over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Song Jinjie , Duan Yihong , Klotzbach Philip J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study revisits the nonlinear relationship between tropical cyclone (TC) size and intensity over the western North Pacific (WNP). Using best track data from the Japan Meteorological Agency from 2007–2019, we find that the statistical turning point on a fitted size‐intensity curve only exists for TCs with greater lifetime peak intensities (e.g., typhoons). The track and evolution type are two factors determining the statistical size‐intensity relationship. The nonlinear size‐intensity relationship is only observed for recurving typhoons reaching their peak intensities and sizes at different times, due to a nonmonotonic size change during the weakening stage. The slight size decrease in the initial weakening stage can be linked to a TC weakening‐induced shrinkage balanced by a baroclinic expansion when recurving typhoons move into higher latitudes. Finally, different evolution types for WNP typhoons can be determined by the ratio of intensity/size to its theoretical maximum.
Dual‐active‐bridge DC–DC converter with auxiliary parallel networks for wide load range ZVZCS application
Authors: Tang Yuanhong , Hu Weihao , Chen Zhangyong , Huang Qi , Blaabjerg Frede 
Published: May 2020

In this study, a wide load range zero‐voltage zero‐current switching (ZVZCS) dual‐active‐bridge DC–DC converter using auxiliary parallel networks is proposed. The outstanding feature of the proposed converter is that all of the switches are allowed to operate with zero‐voltage switching while four of the switches are allowed to operate with zero‐current switching, due to the use of two auxiliary parallel networks, which were paralleled to two active bridges, respectively. Furthermore, the circulating current losses can be reduced significantly by using unified boundary trapezoidal modulation method. Based on these merits, the proposed converter has some advantages for the wide range load variation applications with less circulating current losses. The operation principles, soft‐switching conditions and loss analyses comparison are given in this study. These benefits and characteristics mentioned above are verified from the experimental results by using a 1 kW prototype.
Buck converter IC for brushless DC motor drive using voltage‐mode PWM controller
Authors: Sung Guo‐Ming , Lee Chun‐Ting , Chen Zhao‐Long 
Published: May 2020

This study proposes a buck converter IC with voltage‐mode pulse‐width modulation (PWM) controller to provide a stable bias voltage for the brushless DC motor drive. The proposed buck converter IC comprises an error amplifier, a hysteresis comparator, a linear ramp generator, a driving circuit, a non‐overlapping circuit, a bootstrap circuit and a level shifter. By integrating these proposed circuits into a single chip, the performance of buck converter chip could be improved significantly. The PWM controlled signal was used to generate a suitable output voltage by modifying the duty cycle. The advantage of this method is that the control method of the feedback circuit can be implemented easily, has a short ON time, and has effective noise immunity. After verifying the designed functions, the proposed IC was fabricated using TSMC 0.25 μm 1P3M complementary metal oxide semi‐mixed signal process. Measurement results illustrate that the output voltage, output current, line regulation, load regulation, output ripple voltage and peak power efficiency were 5 V, 200 mA, 13.33 mV/V, 18.5 mV/A, 30 mV, and 68%, respectively, at an input voltage of 15 V and a switching frequency of 100 kHz. The chip area was ∼1.480 × 0.999 mm2.
Mit TCM aus der Schmerzspirale
Authors: Bögel-Witt Martina 
Published: May 2020

SummaryEine 56-jährige Patientin stellt sich mit starken chronischen Schmerzen am ganzen Körper sowie Erschöpfung in der Praxis vor, leidet aber auch an Depression, Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis und Adipositas. Die chinesische Diagnostik ergibt einen Milz-Qi-Mangel, eine Leber-Qi-Stagnation und ein geschwächtes Zang-Organ Lunge. Mit einer Kräuterrezeptur, Akupunktur, Tuina-Massage, Qi Gong und einer überraschenden Entscheidung gehen die Schmerzen und die empfundene Hilflosigkeit spürbar zurück.
A Gap in Care? Postpartum Women Presenting to the Emergency Room and Getting Readmitted
Authors: Patel Shivani , Rodriguez Aldeboran N. , Macias Devin A. , Morgan Jamie , Kraus Alexandria , Spong Catherine Y. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective Emergent postpartum hospital encounters in the first 42 days after birth are estimated to complicate 5 to 12% of births. Approximately 2% of these visits result in admission. Data on emergent visits and admissions are critically needed to address the current maternal morbidity crisis. Our objective is to characterize trends in emergent postpartum hospital encounters and readmissions through chief complaints and admission diagnoses over a 4.5-year period.
Study Design All postpartum hospital encounters within 42 days of delivery at our institution from 2015 to 2019 were included. We reviewed demographic information, antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum care and postpartum hospital encounters. Trends in hospital presentation and admission over the study period were analyzed. Comparisons between women who were admitted to those managed outpatient were performed. Statistical analysis included Chi-square, student's t-test, and Mantel–Haenszel test for trend and ANOVA, as appropriate. A p-value <0.05 considered significant.
Results Among 8,589 deliveries, 491 (5.7%) presented emergently to the hospital within 42 days of delivery, resulting in 576 hospital encounters. From 2015 to 2019, annual rates of presentation were stable, ranging from 5.0 to 6.4% (p = 0.09). Of the 576 hospital encounters, 224 (38.9%) resulted in an admission with increasing rates from 2.0% in 2015 to 3.4% in 2019 (p = 0.005). Primiparous women with higher body mass index, cesarean delivery, and blood loss ≥1, 000 mL during delivery were significantly more likely to be admitted to the hospital. Women with psychiatric illnesses increasingly utilized the emergency room in the postpartum period (6.7–17.2%, p = 0.03). The most common presenting complaints were fever, abdominal pain, headache, vaginal bleeding, wound concerns, and high blood pressure. Admitting diagnoses were predominantly hypertensive disorder (22.9%), wound complications (12.8%), endometritis (9.6%), headache (6.9%), and delayed postpartum hemorrhage (5.6%).
Conclusion The average proportion of women presenting for an emergent hospital encounter in the immediate 42-day postpartum period is 5.7%. Nearly 40% of emergent hospital encounters resulted in admission and the rate increased from to 2.0 to 3.4% over the study period. The most common reasons for presentation were fever, abdominal pain, headache, vaginal bleeding, wound concerns, and hypertension. Hypertension, wound complications, and endometritis accounted for the top three admission diagnoses.