bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased invariant natural killer T‐cell‐mediated antitumor immune response in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Ascui Gabriel , Gálvez‐Jirón Felipe , Kramm Karina , Schäfer Carolina , Siña Josefina , Pola Víctor , Cristi Francisca , Hernández Carolina , Garrido‐Tapia Macarena , Pesce Bárbara , Bustamante Marco , Fluxá Paula , Molina María C , Ribeiro Carolina H 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate‐like cytotoxic T lymphocytes involved in tumor immune surveillance. They can be activated either through CD1d‐presented glycolipid antigens recognized by their invariant T‐cell receptor, cytokines or by sensing tumor‐associated stress‐induced ligands through the natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) receptor. Although the number and functionality of iNKT cells may be decreased in several types of cancer, here we show that GC patients presented a mild increase in iNKT cell frequencies and numbers in the blood compared with healthy donors. In GC patients, iNKT cells, expanded in vitro with α‐galactosyl ceramide and stimulated with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate and ionomycin, produced higher levels of interleukin‐2 and transforming growth factor‐beta, while their capacity to degranulate remained preserved. Because tumor‐derived epithelial cell adhesion molecule‐positive epithelial cells did not display surface CD1d, and NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) were detected in the gastric tumor milieu, we envisioned a role for NKG2D in iNKT cell functions. Peripheral iNKT cells from GC patients and controls presented similar levels of NKG2D; nevertheless, the percentages of interferon‐γ‐producing and CD107a‐positive iNKT cells from patients were reduced upon challenge with CD1d‐negative, NKG2DL‐positive K562 cells, suggesting a compromised response by iNKT cells in GC patients, which may not result from impaired NKG2D/NKG2DL signaling. The decreased response of iNKT cells may explain the fact that higher frequencies of circulating iNKT cells did not confer a survival benefit for GC patients. Therefore, functional impairment of iNKT cells in GC may contribute to tumor immune escape and favor disease progression.
Roses by other names? Empathy, sympathy, and compassion in mental health nursing
Authors: Gerace Adam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmpathy and related concepts such as sympathy and compassion are considered fundamental to mental health nurses’ work with consumers. However, there is often little consensus on the relationship between these interpersonal interaction factors and their similarities and differences. In this paper, these three concepts are discussed. Theoretical frameworks of empathy, sympathy, and compassion are presented with a social psychological model of empathy focused upon. From this, discussion is undertaken of how the mental health nursing process may be explained by such frameworks, as well as what unique aspects of the nursing relationship need to be considered. It is contended that precise definitions and understandings of empathy, sympathy, and compassion are vital, and the use of models allows researchers to consider where gaps are in current knowledge, and to identify what might be important to consider from a nurse education perspective.
Marital Violence affecting female nurses and its physical and mental health consequences
Authors: Al‐Natour Ahlam , Alshareideh Khaled Hassan , Obeisat Salwa Musallam , Alzoubi Fatmeh , ALBashtawy Mohammed 
Published: March 2020

The aimTo investigate the relationship between marital violence and Jordanian nurses’ physical and mental health.BackgroundDespite the negative impact of marital violence on female nurses’ health, few studies have investigated its physical and mental aspects.MethodA descriptive correlational design was used to investigate the relationship between marital violence and the physical and mental health of female Jordanian nurses. One hundred ninety‐eight female Jordanian nurses from five governmental hospitals were recruited. The Women Abuse Screening Test was used to measure forms of violence, and the SF‐36 V2 instrument was used to examine physical and mental health. The prevalence of violence was calculated, and the linear relationship between violence and physical and mental health was measured using Pearson correlation.ResultsFemale nurses reported a high percentage of different forms of violence. The study results revealed a negative relationship between violence and mental health and physical health.ConclusionJordanian female nurses suffered hazardous physical and mental health consequences of violence that adversely affect their entire life.Implications for nursing policy and educationNursing educators should establish clear guidelines and training policies on marital violence for nurses through creation of an effective and cooperative networking and resources. Also, nursing/health policymakers should create responsive healthcare environment through raising the awareness on marital violence against nurses and providing counselling services for emergency and concurrent cases.
Dentists' decisions for deep carious lesions management in primary teeth
Authors: Muller‐Bolla Michèle , Garcia Anaïs , Aïem Elody , Doméjean Sophie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundQuestionnaire surveys have been undertaken worldwide to investigate practices and knowledge related to deep carious lesion (DCL) management in permanent teeth, and there is a lack of data in primary teeth.AimA cross‐sectional questionnaire survey was undertaken to describe the management strategies for DCL of vital primary teeth, focusing on the different caries removal techniques, among dentists practicing pediatric dentistry (DPPDs) in France. Their behavior was compared to members one registered to European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD).DesignA questionnaire was electronically administrated (2018–2019) to members of the Collège des Enseignants en Odontologie Pédiatrique (CEOP), the Société Française d’Odontologie Pédiatrique (SFOP), and the EADP. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed.ResultsResponse rate was, respectively, for CEOP, SFOP, and EAPD about 74%, 29%, and 15%. About half of the respondents (53%) would perform a complete caries removal into one step when 12% would indicate a stepwise technique: 68% of the DPPDs practicing in France would perform complete caries removal in one step when the preferred option in the other EAPD members was the selective excavation (44%) (P < .001).ConclusionsComplementary education of French dentists in the domain of caries management appears necessary regarding current recommendations.
Pyrochlore glass‐ceramics fabricated via both sintering and hot isostatic pressing for minor actinide immobilization
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Zhang Zhaoming , Wei Tao , Kong Linggen , Kim Young J. , Gregg Daniel J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPyrochlore glass‐ceramics (GCs) have been investigated with samples fabricated via both sintering and hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) of a mixed oxide precursor. It has been demonstrated that sintering at 1200°C in air is necessary to obtain well‐crystallized pyrochlore crystals in a sodium aluminoborosilicate glass through a one‐step controlled cooling. The crystallization, structure, and microstructure of Eu2Ti2O7 pyrochlore as the major phases in residual glass were confirmed with X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The structures of major Eu2Ti2O7 pyrochlore and minor [Eu4.67O(SiO4)3] apatite in both sintered and HIPed samples were refined using synchrotron XRD data. While the processing atmosphere did not appear to affect the cell parameter of the main pyrochlore phase, very small volume expansion (~0.3%) was observed for the minor apatite phase in the HIPed sample. In addition, static leaching of the HIPed sample confirmed that pyrochlore GCs are chemically durable. Overall, pyrochlore GCs prepared via both sintering and HIPing with the Eu partitioning factor of ~23 between ceramics and the residual glass are suitable waste forms for minor actinides with processing chemicals.
A well‐resolved transcriptomic phylogeny of the mite harvestman family Pettalidae (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) reveals signatures of Gondwanan vicariance
Authors: Baker Caitlin M. , Boyer Sarah L. , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimWe explored the extent to which Gondwanan vicariance contributed to the circum‐Antarctic distribution of the mite harvestman family Pettalidae, a group of small, dispersal‐limited arachnids whose phylogeny has been poorly resolved, precluding rigorous biogeographic hypothesis testing.LocationContinental landmasses of former temperate Gondwana (Chile, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Australia and New Zealand).TaxonPettalidae, Opiliones.MethodsWe generated transcriptomes for a phylogeny of 16 pettalids, spanning 9 genera. Data were analysed using maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and coalescence methods. The phylogenetic position of the Sri Lankan genus Pettalus was further explored using quartet likelihood mapping and changes in gene likelihood scores. We also estimated divergence times and looked for signatures of extinction across Antarctica and central Australia using previously published phylogenies with near‐complete species sampling constrained to match our transcriptomic results. Finally, we estimated ancestral ranges and inferred instances of vicariance.ResultsWe recovered a well‐supported topology with a division between taxa from landmasses that made up East Gondwana, and a grade of taxa from West Gondwana. Pettalus was resolved either as the sister group of the Queensland‐endemic Austropurcellia, or as the sister group to a larger clade from East Gondwana, though favouring Pettalus + Austropurcellia. Divergence times for multiple vicariance events coincided with Gondwana's breakup. Speciation–extinction analysis found one diversification process for the family: an initial burst of cladogenesis that slowed down through time.Main ConclusionsGiven that the order of cladogenesis corresponds to the order in which Gondwana fragmented, and the concurrent timing of vicariance and rifting, Gondwanan breakup explains major biogeographic patterns in Pettalidae. Some divergences predate initial rifting, but there is no evidence of trans‐oceanic dispersal. The Sri Lanka–eastern Australia relationship makes sense in the light of large‐scale extinction across Antarctica and central Australia; however, we find no clear signatures of mass extinction.
A network pharmacology‐based approach to explore the effects of Chaihu Shugan powder on a non‐alcoholic fatty liver rat model through nuclear receptors
Authors: Nie Huan , Deng Yuanjun , Zheng Chuiyang , Pan Maoxing , Xie Jiqian , Zhang Yupei , Yang Qinhe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe pathogenesis of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still not fully understood, and currently, no effective pharmacotherapy is available. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are important biological participants in NAFLD that exhibit great therapeutic potential. Chaihu Shugan powder (CSP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that has a wide therapeutic spectrum including NAFLD, but the effective components and functional mechanisms of CSP are unclear. We adopted a network pharmacology approach using multiple databases for Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and the molecular complex detection (MCODE) method for a protein‐protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and we used molecular docking method to screen the NR targets and determine the corresponding CSP components. The screening results were validated through a NAFLD rat model that was used to explain the possible relationship between CSP and NAFLD. Finally, we screened PPARγ, FXR, PPARα, RARα and PPARδ as target genes and quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, isorhamnetin and nobiletin as target compounds. The five components were detected through high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS), the results of which aligned with the docking experiments of PPARγ, PPARα and PPARδ. After CSP intervention, the NAFLD rat model showed ameliorated effects in terms of bodyweight, hepatic histopathology, and serum and liver lipids, and the mRNA levels of PPARγ, FXR, PPARα and RARα were significantly changed. The results from this study indicate that CSP exhibits healing effects in an NAFLD model and that the network pharmacology approach to screening NR targets and determining the corresponding CSP components is a practical strategy for explaining the mechanism by which CSP ameliorates NAFLD.
Iron overload and periodontal status in patients with sickle cell anaemia: A case series
Authors: Costa Susilena Arouche , Moreira Ana Regina Oliveira , Costa Cyrene Piazera Silva , Carvalho Souza Soraia de Fátima 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the association among iron overload, periodontal status, and periodontitis progression rate in sickle cell anaemia (SCA).Materials and MethodsThis case series evaluated 123 patients. Clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing depth (PD) were evaluated at six sites per tooth. Alveolar bone loss was estimated using periapical radiography. Study outcomes were periodontal status (measured as number of sites with CAL of ≥3 mm, CAL of ≥5 mm, PD of ≥4 mm, and PD of ≥6 mm) and periodontitis progression rate (determined as ratio of alveolar bone loss to age). Serum transferrin saturation and ferritin levels were obtained from medical records. Poisson regression was performed to estimate associations. Covariables included in the adjusted models (comorbidities, skin colour, socioeconomic class, and vaso‐occlusive crisis) were defined by DAGs.ResultsSerum transferrin saturation level revealed a significant positive association with the number of sites with CAL of ≥3 mm, CAL of ≥5 mm, PD of ≥4 mm, and PD of ≥6 mm. Patients with serum transferrin saturation level of >45% were 1.93 times more likely to have rapid periodontitis progression.ConclusionHigh serum transferrin saturation level is associated with a greater extent of periodontitis and rapid periodontitis progression in SCA.
Informational Frictions and the Credit Crunch
Authors: DARMOUNI OLIVIER 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I estimate the magnitude of an informational friction limiting credit reallocation to firms during the 2007 to 2009 financial crisis. Because lenders rely on private information when deciding which relationship to end, borrowers looking for a new lender are adversely selected. I show how to separately identify private information from information common to all lenders but unobservable to the econometrician by using bank shocks within a discrete choice model of relationships. Quantitatively, these informational frictions appear to be too small to explain the credit crunch in the U.S. syndicated corporate loan market.
Knowledge about the human papillomavirus among high school and university students a comprehensive questionnaire study from Southeast Turkey
Authors: Bayramoğlu Tepe Neslihan , Ozcorekci Onur 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the level of knowledge among high school and university students about the human papillomavirus (HPV) and its vaccine.MethodsOur study included 3039 Grade 9–12 students from 12 high schools and university students enrolled in medical and non‐medical departments. The students completed a 30‐item questionnaire, which included three demographic items (sex, age and grade) and measured knowledge regarding HPV, HPV vaccine, smear test and cervical cancer. Students responded by selecting one of the choices “true/false/I don't know.”ResultsOne thousand seven hundred and forty eight high school students (57.5%) and 1291 university students (42.5%) completed the questionnaire. One thousand three hundred and fourty one students were male (44.1%) and 1698 were female (55.9%). Mean age was 18.8 (min: 14 max: 33). The university group had significantly more correct responses (P = 0.001). The high school group had significantly more unknown responses (P = 0.001). In both groups, female and male students had comparable correct responses (High school; female: 25.28%, male: 24.45%, P = 0.42; University; female: 62.46%, male: 63.09%, P = 0.35). While medical students had more correct responses than both nursing students and students from non‐medical university departments, nursing students had more correct responses than students from the non‐medical university departments (P = 0.001).ConclusionKnowledge about HPV is limited in adolescence, which marks the beginning of sexual activity. Educational programs targeted at adolescents are needed to negate the increasing rate of HPV‐related gynecological cancers in our population. The HPV vaccine should urgently be introduced to the routine immunization schedule.
Innovation and Design in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Verganti Roberto , Vendraminelli Luca , Iansiti Marco 
Published: March 2020

At the heart of any innovation process lies a fundamental practice: the way people create ideas and solve problems. This “decision making” side of innovation is what scholars and practitioners refer to as “design.” Decisions in innovation processes have so far been taken by humans. What happens when they can be substituted by machines? Artificial Intelligence (AI) brings data and algorithms to the core of the innovation processes. What are the implications of this diffusion of AI for our understanding of design and innovation? Is AI just another digital technology that, akin to many others, will not significantly question what we know about design? Or will it create transformations in design that current theoretical frameworks cannot capture?This paper proposes a framework for understanding the design and innovation in the age of AI. We discuss the implications for design and innovation theory. Specifically, we observe that, as creative problem‐solving is significantly conducted by algorithms, human design increasingly becomes an activity of sensemaking, that is, understanding which problems should or could be addressed. This shift in focus calls for the new theories and brings design closer to leadership, which is, inherently, an activity of sensemaking.Our insights are derived from and illustrated with two cases at the frontier of AI—Netflix and Airbnb (complemented with analyses of Microsoft and Tesla)—which point to two directions for the evolution of design and innovation in firms. First, AI enables an organization to overcome many past limitations of human‐intensive design processes, by improving the scalability of the process, broadening its scope across traditional boundaries, and enhancing its ability to learn and adapt on the fly. Second, and maybe more surprising, while removing these limitations, AI also appears to deeply enact several popular design principles. AI thus reinforces the principles of Design Thinking, namely: being people‐centered, abductive, and iterative. In fact, AI enables the creation of solutions that are more highly user centered than human‐based approaches (i.e., to an extreme level of granularity, designed for every single person); that are potentially more creative; and that are continuously updated through learning iterations across the entire product life cycle.In sum, while AI does not undermine the basic principles of design, it profoundly changes the practice of design. Problem‐solving tasks, traditionally carried out by designers, are now automated into learning loops that operate without limitations of volume and speed. The algorithms embedded in these loops think in a radically different way than a designer who handles the complex problems holistically with a systemic perspective. Algorithms instead handle complexity through very simple tasks, which are iterated continuously. This paper discusses the implications of these insights for design and innovation management scholars and practitioners.
Correlations among oligonucleotide repeats, nucleotide substitutions, and insertion–deletion mutations in chloroplast genomes of plant family Malvaceae
Authors: Abdullah  , Mehmood Furrukh , Shahzadi Iram , Ali Zain , Islam Madiha , Naeem Muhammad , Mirza Bushra , Lockhart Peter J. , Ahmed Ibrar , Waheed Mohammad Tahir 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe co‐occurrence of mutational events including substitutions and insertions–deletions (InDels) with oligonucleotide repeats has previously been reported for a limited number of prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and organelle genomes. In this study, the correlations among these mutational events in chloroplast genomes of species in the eudicot family Malvaceae were investigated. This study also reported chloroplast genome sequences ofHibiscus mutabilis,Malva parviflora, andMalvastrum coromandelianum. These three genomes and 16 other publicly available chloroplast genomes from 12 genera of Malvaceae were used to calculate the correlation coefficients among the mutational events at family, subfamily, and genus levels. In these comparisons, chloroplast genomes were pairwise aligned to record the substitutions and the InDels in mutually exclusive, 250 nucleotide long bins. Taking one among the two genomes as a reference, the coordinate positions of oligonucleotide repeats in the reference genome were recorded. The extent of correlations among repeats, substitutions, and InDels was calculated and categorized as follows: very weak (0.1–0.19), weak (0.20–0.29), moderate (0.30–0.39), and strong (0.4–0.69). The extent of correlations ranged 0.201–0.6 between “InDels and single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)”, 0.182–0.513 between “InDels and repeat” and 0.055–0.403 between “SNPs and repeats”. At family‐ and subfamily‐level comparisons, 88%–96% of the repeats showed co‐occurrence with SNPs, whereas at the genus level, 23%–86% of the repeats co‐occurred with SNPs in same bins. Our findings support the previous hypothesis suggesting the use of oligonucleotide repeats as a proxy for finding the mutational hotspots.
BacStalk: A comprehensive and interactive image analysis software tool for bacterial cell biology
Authors: Hartmann Raimo , van Teeseling Muriel C. F. , Thanbichler Martin , Drescher Knut 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProkaryotic cells display a striking subcellular organization. Studies of the underlying mechanisms in different species have greatly enhanced our understanding of the morphological and physiological adaptation of bacteria to different environmental niches. The image analysis software tool BacStalk is designed to extract comprehensive quantitative information from the images of morphologically complex bacteria with stalks, flagella, or other appendages. The resulting data can be visualized in interactive demographs, kymographs, cell lineage plots, and scatter plots to enable fast and thorough data analysis and representation. Notably, BacStalk can generate demographs and kymographs that display fluorescence signals within the two‐dimensional cellular outlines, to accurately represent their subcellular location. Beyond organisms with visible appendages, BacStalk is also suitable for established, non‐stalked model organisms with common or uncommon cell shapes. BacStalk, therefore, contributes to the advancement of prokaryotic cell biology and physiology, as it widens the spectrum of easily accessible model organisms and enables highly intuitive and interactive data analysis and visualization.
The Individual Poverty Incidence of Growth
Authors: Lo Bue Maria C. , Palmisano Flaviana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe canonical approach to analyse the poverty impact of growth is based on the comparison of poverty before and after growth. Measurement tools endorsing this approach fail to capture the different experiences of poverty dynamic in the population: there can be groups of the population made poorer or non‐poor made poor by growth. We propose an approach that allows measuring this individual poverty incidence of growth and show how it is related with existing models. We apply our framework to evaluate the poverty impact of growth in Indonesia, by comparing the 1993–2000 with the 2000–07 and 2007–14 growth spells.