bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Trait Bayesian Analysis of Partitioned Genetic Trends Accounting for Uncertainty in Genetic Parameters. An Example With the Pirenaica and Rubia Gallega Beef Cattle Breeds
Authors: López‐Carbonell David , Legarra Andrés , Altarriba Juan , Hervás‐Rivero Carlos , Sánchez‐Díaz Manuel , Varona Luis 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGenetic trends are a valuable tool for analysing the efficiency of breeding programs. They are calculated by averaging the predicted breeding values for all individuals born within a specific time period. Moreover, partitioned genetic trends allow dissecting the contributions of several selection paths to overall genetic progress. These trends are based on the linear relationship between breeding values and the Mendelian sampling terms of ancestors, enabling genetic trends to be split into contributions from different categories of individuals. However, (1) the use of predicted breeding values in calculating partitioned genetic trends depends on the variance components used and (2) a multiple trait analysis allows accounting for selection on correlated traits. These points are often not considered. To overcome these limitations, we present a software called “TM_TRENDS.” This software performs a Bayesian analysis of partitioned genetic trends in a multiple trait model, accounting for uncertainty in the variance components. To illustrate the capabilities of this tool, we analysed the partitioned genetic trends for five traits (Birth Weight, Weight at 210 days, Cold Carcass Weight, Carcass Conformation, and Fatness Conformation) in two Spanish beef cattle breeds, Pirenaica and Rubia Gallega. The global genetic trends showed an increase in Carcass Conformation and a decrease in Birth Weight, Weight at 210 days, Cold Carcass Weight, and Fatness Conformation. These trends were partitioned into six categories: non‐reproductive individuals, dams of females and non‐reproductive individuals, dams of sires, sires with fewer than 20 progeny, sires between 20 and 50 progeny, and sires with more than 50 progeny. The results showed that the main source of genetic progress comes from sires with more than 50 progenies, followed by dams of males. Additionally, two additional features of the Bayesian analysis are presented: the calculation of the posterior probability of the global and partitioned genetic response between two time points, and the calculation of the posterior probability of positive (or negative) genetic progress.
Neonatal estradiol and early adversity interact to modify basolateral amygdala morphology and adult behavior in female rats
Authors: Kraatz Grace , Xie Henry Tian Hao , Long Hong , Walker Claire‐Dominique 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBeing raised under adverse conditions during infancy and childhood represents a significant risk factor for developing later psychopathologies and dysfunctions in emotional, affective, and cognitive abilities. Depending on the type, timing, and duration of early adversity, different consequences emerge across the sexes in both human and animal models, although our understanding of the underlying interactions between sex and early life stress (ELS) is still incomplete. In this study, we used the limited bedding (LB) paradigm, a well‐described model of ELS in rat pups during the first 10 days of life, and tested whether masculinization of the female brain by neonatal injections of estradiol benzoate (EB) would recapitulate the ELS‐induced vulnerability phenotype of males on morphology of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) principal neurons and pre‐adolescent and adult behavior. Our results show that LB‐induced morphological changes in BLA neurons of weaning female rats were eliminated by EB treatment independently of early changes in estrogen receptor (ERα) expression in this region. EB treatment synergized with LB to enhance play behavior of pre‐adolescent females to levels far greater than those observed in control males. In adult offspring, LB reduced time spent in the center in males and EB tended to increase social contact time compared to normal females, but only in LB conditions. Our findings indicate that neonatal masculinization of the female brain modifies specific, but not all aspects of BLA morphology and both pre‐adolescent and adult behavior that are altered by ELS.
Global knowledge flows and the psychiatric encounter in Indonesia
Authors: Cristea Florin , Aryani Putu , Herdiyanto Yohanes K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this article, we examine the clinical encounters of people diagnosed with a severe mental illness (SMI). Drawing on more than 1‐year of ethnographic research and interviews in Indonesia, we show that instances of moral self‐reflection occurring in the process of acquiring and appropriating clinical insight emerge at the intersection of heterogeneous discursive regimes. When biomedical notions of health and illness dominate these discourses, they reimagine pre‐existing notions about spirituality and religion. Furthermore, consenting to psychiatric notions of health and illness can create common ground and a sense of shared experience, leading to grassroots movements for the empowerment of the mentally ill, self‐help groups, and other support structures. At the same time, these processes can increase uncertainty and be generative of a culture of blame, as individuals are caught in overlapping and at times contradictory moral systems that each have the potential to strip patients of their moral status.
Analysis of bb0556 Expression and Its Role During Borrelia burgdorferi Mammalian Infection
Authors: George Sierra , Waldron Connor , Thompson Christina , Ouyang Zhiming 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn Borrelia burgdorferi, BB0556 was annotated as a conserved hypothetical protein. We herein investigated gene expression and the importance of this protein during infection. Our data support that bb0556 forms an operon with five other genes. A transcriptional start site and the associated σ70‐type promoter were identified in the sequences upstream of bb0554, and luciferase reporter assays indicated that this promoter is functional in B. burgdorferi. Furthermore, the sequences upstream of bb0556 contain an internal promoter to drive gene expression. bb0556 expression was affected by various environmental factors such as changes in temperature, pH, and cell density when B. burgdorferi was grown in vitro. Surprisingly, significant differences were observed for bb0556 expression between B. burgdorferi strains B31‐A3 and CE162, likely due to the different cis‐ and trans‐acting factors in these strains. Moreover, bb0556 was found to be highly expressed by B. burgdorferi in infected mice tissues, suggesting that this gene plays an important role during animal infection. To test this hypothesis, we generated a bb0556 deletion mutant in a virulent bioluminescent B. burgdorferi strain. The mutant grew normally in the medium and displayed no defect in the resistance to environmental stresses such as reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and osmotic stress. However, when the infectivity was compared between the mutant and its parental strain using in vivo bioluminescence imaging as well as analyses of spirochete recovery and bacterial burdens in animal tissues, our data showed that, contrary to the parental strain, the mutant was unable to infect mice. Complementation of bb0556 in cis fully restored the infectious phenotype to wild‐type levels. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the hypothetical protein BB0556 is a novel virulence factor essential for B. burgdorferi mammalian infection.
Impact of child summertime obesity interventions on body mass index and weight‐related behaviors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zeraattalab‐Motlagh Sheida , Syau Evelyn , Dadabhoy Hafza , Hardin Allie L. , Musaad Salma M. A. , Park Rebekah Julie , Baranowski Tom , Thompson Debbe , Moreno Jennette P. 
Published: December 2024

SummaryIntroductionObesity during childhood is a critical public health issue. The summer break from school is a time when children are prone to accelerated weight gain. We aimed to investigate how obesity prevention or treatment programs implemented over the summer affect anthropometric measures or weight‐related behaviors.MethodsPublished studies examining the impact of obesity prevention/treatment interventions targeting the summer with anthropometric or weight‐related behaviors in children (5–18 years old) were identified using systematic searches of Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE until April 2024. The summarized effect estimate was computed by applying the random‐effects approach. The evidence certainty was assessed using GRADE.ResultsForty‐seven studies were identified for inclusion. The majority of studies identified focused on physical activity and dietary habits. Only six studies that examined the effects of prevention interventions on weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) were meta‐analyzed. There was no evidence that prevention interventions impacted children's weight, BMI, and WC. However, most of the studies included in the systematic review indicated beneficial effects of interventions for anthropometric measures.ConclusionThere was no evidence that summertime obesity interventions targeting physical activity and dietary intake were effective in the prevention of obesity in children.
Synthesis of Functionally Substituted 4H-Thiopyrans by Reaction of Carbon Disulfide with Malononitrile Trimer
Authors: Lipin K. V. , Blinov S. A. , Bardasov I. N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tripotassium 2-(1-cyano-2,2-disulfidoethenyl)-1,1,3,3-tetracyanopropenide was synthesized for the first time by the reaction of carbon disulfide and malononitrile trimer. Its further transformations afforded 2-amino-4-(dicyanomethylidene)-4H-thiopyran-3,5-dicarbonitrile derivatives.
Synthesis and Properties of N,N′-Disubstituted Ureas and Their Isosteric Analogues Containing Polycyclic Fragments: XXI. N-(Adamantane-1-carbonyl]-N′-(haloaryl)selenoureas
Authors: Kuznetsov Ya. P. , Pitushkin D. A. , Butov G. M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Selenoureas containing a halophenyl fragment were synthesized in 37–59% yields from adaman­tane-1-carbonyl isoselenocyanate and haloanilines. Replacement of the sulfur atom by selenium resulted in a reduction of the melting points of selenoureas by 8–47°C in comparison to their sulfur analogues. In silico screening showed that the most probable types of biological activity of the synthesized selenoureas are inhibition of human soluble epoxide hydrolase and anxiolytic activity.
The Effect of Halogen Doping on Li Mobility of Thiophosphate Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Du Junteng , Kim Jae Chul 
Published: December 2024

An all-solid-state battery is considered one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems. It can combine the Li metal anode with a high-voltage cathode to deliver greater energy density than Li-ion batteries, while eliminating fire hazards, by using nonflammable solid electrolytes. The key to enabling all-solid-state batteries therefore lies in developing solid electrolytes that have superior Li conductivity and electrochemical stability. In crystalline materials, electrochemical properties are often dictated by space symmetry and anion chemistry. However, it is difficult to design crystalline materials that have high ionic conductivity and excellent electrochemical stability at the same time. Unlike crystalline systems, noncrystalline materials are not bound by symmetrical constraints, resulting in great flexibility in tailoring the electrochemical properties. In this study, we have investigated local structures and electrochemical properties of a noncrystalline 0.75Li2S-0.25P2S5 (a-LPS) and a-LPS-yLiX (a-LPSXy, y=11, 13, and 15 wt% and X=Halogen atoms) system. We obtained these compositions systematically by mechanochemical reactions. The local structures of a-LPS and a-LPSXy were analyzed using synchrotron scattering. Additionally, we evaluated their Li conductivity and electrochemical stability by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The pair-distribution function analysis (PDF) indicates halogen doping leads to local structure variation, which may contribute to improving Li mobility in a short-range.
Among others, we found that iodine addition to a-LPS increases Li conductivity substantially. We constructed all solid-state batteries using a-LPSI11 as a solid electrolyte, a layered sulfide cathode (TiS2) and Li metal as anode. With a compatible electrochemical window of cathode redox reactions, the cell operates reversibly with very small polarization. However, the cell shows capacity decay mostly due to cathodic instability against Li. In contrast, all-solid cell using the a-LPSF11 electrolyte shows much improved capacity retention with the expense of Li conductivity, suggesting that doping elements can dictate the electrochemical properties. We also tested the a-LPSF11 electrolyte against a layered oxide cathode (LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2, NCM523), assembled all-solid-state battery shows good cyclability after the formation of cathode-electrolyte interphases. Our work demonstrates how doping can tailor the local structure of a-LPS and the resulting electrochemical properties.
3D-Printed High Surface Area Electrodes and Advanced Flow Reactors for Bio-Compatible Electrochemical Reactions
Authors: Gutierrez Laura , Pritchard Avery , Jayathilake Buddhinie Srimali , Jue Melinda L. , Pang Simon H. 
Published: December 2024

With the urgent need for emissions-free economies, bio-catalytic electrochemical processes such as electro-bio-methanation enable coupling of renewable energy harvesting with chemical energy storage and/or chemical synthesis. Electro-bioreactors offer high product selectivity and efficiency, eliminating the need for energy intensive separations. However, the electrochemical reaction rates of bio-catalytic processes are fundamentally constrained due to poor fluid distribution and ion transport near the electrode surface. Mass transport limitations in bioreactors alter the reactive surface environments and cause bio-catalytic stability issues. To address these challenges and achieve high volumetric productivities under bio-compatible conditions, we introduced additively manufactured, high surface area 3D electrodes and engineered flow cells. We characterized the effects of electrode geometry and structural parameters on electrochemical performance in abiotic media to develop structure property relationships. Using the hydrogen evolution reaction as a model system, we identified several high surface area structures that improve the fluid distribution within the reactor. Triply periodic minimal surface structures, like gyroids, enable higher volumetric productivities compared to conventional planar electrodes. These findings can be used to understand the role of electrode structure on electrochemical performance and the scaling behavior or bio-reactor flow cells utilizing 3D electrodes.
This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344
Playing with Carbon-Carbon Bonds
Authors: Wen Jianguo 
Published: December 2024

The carbon atom stands out among elements for its ability to many allotropes. Among these, diamond and graphite are well-known. Diamond is the hardest material in nature due to its 3D network of sp3 covalent carbon bonds (1.54 Å). Conversely, graphite features a flat honeycomb lattice arrangement of carbon atoms, with countless layers weakly bonded through van der Waals forces. Within the graphene layer, a constituent of graphite, the sp2 covalent carbon bonds (1.42 Å) are shorter than that of diamond. It is of importance to form new carbon allotropes as well as understand transformation mechanism from graphite to diamond.
First, I will report the synthesis of bulk hexagonal diamond achieved via high-pressure and high-temperature treatment of single crystal graphite. This hexagonal diamond exhibits superior hardness to cubic diamond and showcases a dia-phite structure, with bond lengths resembling both diamond and graphite. Second, we experimentally observed the direct transformation pathway from graphite to cubic and hexagonal diamonds through an intermediate metastable graphite phase (i.e. orthorhombic graphite). Third, I will report the ultrafast formation of a transient 2D diamond-like structure under femtosecond laser irradiation using twisted graphene.
Overall, the creation of the new carbon forms clues that under modulated high pressure and temperature conditions, the great diversity of carbon covalent bonds could be assembled into carbon allotropes.
References:

Zeng, Z., Yang, L., Zeng, Q., Lou, H., Sheng, H., Wen, J., ... & Mao, H. K. (2017). Synthesis of quenchable amorphous diamond. Nature communications, 8(1), 322.

Luo, D., Hui, D., Wen, B., Li, R., Yang, J., Shen, X., ... & Wen, J. (2020). Ultrafast formation of a transient two-dimensional diamondlike structure in twisted bilayer graphene. Physical Review B, 102(15), 155431.

* Work performed at the Center for Nanoscale Materials, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility, was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Mechano-Electrochemical Energy Harvesting for Self-Powered Sensors
Authors: Choi Changsoon 
Published: December 2024

Recent developments in mechano-electrochemical technology show tremendous promise for creating autonomous sensors that are instrumental in energy harvesting and health monitoring. This innovative energy conversion mechanism principally transforms the mechanical energy from stretching carbon nanotube composite fibers along their length into electrical energy. This transformation is facilitated by a combination of physical deformation and electrochemical processes.
State-of-the-art mechano-electrochemical energy harvesters are incorporating new fiber configurations, such as coiled and buckled structures made from carbon nanotubes. These fibers, when extended within an electrolyte, undergo structural modifications at the microscale, which increase the electrochemically active surface area. These modifications consequently alter capacitance and the voltage across open circuits.
The fiber described here, notable for its low Young’s modulus (0.2 MPa) and its ability to stretch up to 400%, surpasses traditional materials used for energy harvesting. It achieves a gravimetric current density of 121 A/kg and a power density of 16 W/kg through an optimal combination of macroscopic coiling and microscopic buckling. This design significantly expands the area accessible to ions, boosting electrical output.
This technology has been practically implemented in a pig bladder, proving its effectiveness as a self-powered sensor that can adaptively respond to organ volume changes. Such functionality is essential for real-time health monitoring systems, offering new ways to manage medical conditions impacting bladder functions and movements of other organs.
(Invited) High Temperature Effects on the Properties of Single-Chirality Carbon Nanotube Assemblies
Authors: Miyauchi Yuhei , Takakura Akira , Nishihara Taishi , Tanaka Takeshi , Kataura Hiromichi 
Published: December 2024

Individual single-walled carbon nanotubes are quite thermally stable, and they exhibit narrowband thermal radiation due to sharp exciton resonance at high temperatures over 1000 K [1]. This phenomenon is expected to offer a new opportunity for utilizing exciton properties in thermophotovoltaic energy harvesting requiring excellent wavelength selective near-infrared thermal emitter [1,2]. For the realistic macroscale applications, it is necessary to utilize structure-separated single-chirality carbon nanotube assemblies that exhibit distinct exciton resonances in the optical spectra [3,4] at high temperatures. However, the effects of high temperature on the properties of high purity, single-chirality carbon nanotube assemblies have remained to be clarified. We will report on the effects of high temperature on the properties of single-chirality carbon nanotube assemblies, including the emergence of a new exciton absorption peak due to chirality-selective nanotube coalescence reactions [5].
[1] T. Nishihara, A. Takakura, Y. Miyauchi, and K. Itami, Nat. Commun. 9, 3144 (2018). [2] S. Konabe, T. Nishihara, and Y. Miyauchi, Opt. Lett. 46, 3021 (2021). [3] T. Nishihara, A. Takakura, M. Shimasaki, K. Matsuda, T. Tanaka, H. Kataura, and Y. Miyauchi, Nanophotonics 11, 1011 (2022). [4] H. Wu, T. Nishihara, A. Takakura, K. Matsuda, T. Tanaka, H. Kataura, and Y. Miyauchi, Carbon 218, 118720 (2024). [5] A. Takakura, T. Nishihara, T. Tanaka, H. Kataura, and Y. Miyauchi, submitted.
Evaluating Li Ion Storage Mechanism in Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) Anodes for High Energy Density Li-Ion Batteries: An Atomistic Perspective
Authors: Dive Aniruddha , Xiao Yiran , Wan Liwen , Fornasiero Francesco 
Published: December 2024

Current Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are limited to energy densities of ~150 Wh/kg and pose safety issues associated with dendrite formation and the use of flammable liquid electrolytes that can result in the common battery failure known as thermal runaway and explosion. Lithium metal is an ideal anode for high energy density LIBs due to its high theoretical capacity (3860 mAh/g) but is dangerous due to its propensity to form dendrites. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with superior electronic, mechanical, and structural properties provide an exciting alternative as anode for high energy density LIBs. LIBs with vertically aligned CNTs forest help achieve the capacity retention > 80% and superior efficiency over 1000 charging-discharging cycles. However, a fundamental understanding of Li+ ion storage within CNT anodes is largely unexplored and lacking.
Experimental characterization of Li+ ion storage in CNT anodes is expensive and challenging. Previous theoretical studies have evaluated storage mechanism for isolated Li+ ions within small diameter CNTs (< 1.5 nm) forest. In common organic liquid electrolytes, Li+ ions prefer to be solvated and therefore isolated Li+ ions cannot accurately describe the Li+ storage mechanism especially in large diameter CNTs. In the current study, we carefully investigated the de-solvation mechanisms for Li+ ions in EC: EMC (3/7 w/w) 1.2 M LiPF6 liquid electrolytes both inside and outside of pristine CNT. The calculated de-solvation energies for Li+ ion adsorption onto the outside surface (~0.4-0.5 eV) of CNTs show relatively lower energies as compared to inside surface (~ 0.9-1.0 eV) of CNTs. We therefore claim that the Li+ ion storage strongly occurs on the outside surface of pristine defect-free CNTs. We further employ classical molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the Li+ ion storage on the outside of CNTs. The classical molecular dynamics simulations reveal a capacitive-type storage mechanism for pristine CNTs forest. Recent experimental reports suggest a large fraction of storage mechanism in CNT anode to be capacitive type (> 55 %) which supports the findings from atomistic modeling. Introducing structural defects (n-membered C-C rings), functional groups (-OH, =O, -COOH) etc... can lead to intercalation or plating-type Li ion storage in CNT forest which would result in higher capacity as well as energy density. However, for pristine CNTs we report the Li+ ion storage mechanism to be purely capacitive and therefore would serve as potential supercapacitor rather than battery.
This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.