bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 entry receptors in human organoids
Authors: Mahalingam Rajasekaran , Dharmalingam Prakash , Santhanam Abirami , Kotla Sivareddy , Davuluri Gangarao , Karmouty‐Quintana Harry , Ashrith Guha , Thandavarayan Rajarajan A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) is a global pandemic and caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which has resulted in millions of deaths worldwide. Reports denote SARS‐CoV‐2 uses angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) as its primary entry point into the host cell. However, understanding the biology behind this viral replication, disease mechanism and drug discovery efforts are limited due to the lack of a suitable experimental model. Here, we used single‐cell RNA sequencing data of human organoids to analyze expressions of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, in addition to an array of RNA receptors to examine their role in SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis. ACE2 is abundant in all organoids, except the prostate and brain, and TMPRSS2 is omnipresent. Innate immune pathways are upregulated in ACE2(+) cells of all organoids, except the lungs. Besides this, the expression of low‐density lipoprotein receptor is highly enriched in ACE2(+) cells in intestinal, lung, and retinal organoids, with the highest expression in lung organoids. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the organoids can be used as an experimental platform to explore this novel virus disease mechanism and for drug development.
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of partial left pulmonary artery sling: A rare case report
Authors: Xu Ling , Wang Limin , Gai Yuanyuan , Ma Qiuping , Xiang Guanghua , Ouyang Chunyan , Shang Ning 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPulmonary artery sling is a rare congenital vascular anomaly. Partial anomalous left pulmonary artery is even rarer and no in utero observation has yet been reported. Here, we present the ultrasonographic findings of a 38‐year‐old woman at 32 weeks of gestation whose fetus showed a normal bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk into the right and left pulmonary arteries, but an anomalous origin of the left lower lobe pulmonary artery from the right pulmonary artery. These findings were confirmed by postnatal echocardiography and thoracic computed tomography.
Artificial intelligence in medicine creates real risk management and litigation issues
Authors: Keris Matthew P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe next step in the evolution of electronic medical record (EMR) use is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into health care. With the benefit of roughly 15 years of electronic medical records (EMR) data from millions of patients, health systems can now leverage this historical information via the assistance of complex mathematical algorithms to formulate computer‐based medical decisions. With AI spending in health care forecasted to increase from $2.1 billion currently to $36 billion by 2025,1 we sit on the precipice of the next revolution in health care. Now is the time to consider the potential risks, liability and litigation issues of using AI in health care.
Comparison of microcapillary column length and inner diameter investigated with gradient analysis of lipids by ultrahigh‐pressure liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Miller Kelsey E. , Jorgenson James W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBiological samples in lipidomic studies can consist of extremely complex mixtures due to the diverse range of species and isomerism. Herein, highly efficient, in‐house packed microcapillary columns introduce the potential to better separate these complex mixtures. We compared the effects of changing column length (15, 30, and 60 cm) and inner diameter (75 and 100 μm) on lipid separation efficiency by reversed‐phase gradient analysis using ultrahigh‐pressure liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with operating pressures ranging from 450 to 2200 bar. Seven lipid standards composed of phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol species were analyzed at four different gradient rates to calculate conditional peak capacity. The longest column, 60 cm, at the shallowest gradient of 2% gave the highest peak capacity of 359 with a separation window of 2 h. The intermediate column length of 30 cm with 75 μm inner diameter provided a peak capacity of 287 with a separation window of 1 h. There was no significant difference in peak capacity between 75 and 100 μm inner diameter columns. This study showed that using highly efficient microcapillary columns increased peak capacity and resolution of lipids, and thus, this technique seems promising for enhancing lipid coverage and enabling better discovery of lipid biomarkers.
Inferring the potential impact of human activities on evapotranspiration in the Tumen River Basin based on LANDSAT imagery and historical statistics
Authors: Yu Hangnan , Lee Woo‐Kyun , Li Lan , Jin Ri , Zhu Weihong , Xu Zhen , Cui Guishan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the spatial and temporal changes in actual evapotranspiration (ETa) caused by different human activities is important for water management in water‐sensitive areas, because ETa plays a major role in regulating the availability of water on land. Thus, ETa observation is particularly important for observing land degradation in the watershed. This study used the operational simplified surface energy balance (SSEBop) model to perform ETa estimations and observations in the Tumen River Basin (TRB), covering the border of China and Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), over the last 30 years by using eight periods of clear‐sky LANDSAT Thematic Mapper/Operational Land Imager (TM/OLI) and thermal infrared sensor (TIRS) data. To assess the reliability of the ETa estimations, multilayer soil temperatures from the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) Land Data Assimilation System Version 2.0 (CLDAS‐V2.0) were utilized. The highest R2 (.71) between ETa and soil temperature was observed in layers shallower than 10 cm; this value of R2 gradually decreased to .57 at a depth of 200 cm. The average ETa of the TRB declined from 1.65 mm in 1985 to 1.03 mm in 2017. The impact of human activities on water loss (ETa) was determined by comparing land cover changes observed by an object‐based image analysis (OBIA) approach and economic activities between 1994 and 2008. Varying economic activities and water depletion in different soil layers may have led to the variable ETa values between the northern (China) and southern (DPRK) part of the TRB during the last three decades.
Patient Frailty Is Independently Associated With the Risk of Hospitalization for Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Shah Shivani , Goldberg David S. , Kaplan David E. , Sundaram Vinay , Taddei Tamar H. , Mahmud Nadim 
Published: September 2020

There is significant interest in identifying risk factors associated with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF). In transplant candidates, frailty predicts wait‐list mortality and posttransplant outcomes. However, the impact of frailty on ACLF development and mortality is unknown. This was a retrospective study of US veterans with cirrhosis identified between 2008 and 2016. First hospitalizations were characterized as ACLF or non‐ACLF admissions. Prehospitalization patient frailty was ascertained using a validated score based on administrative coding data. We used logistic regression to investigate the impact of an increasing frailty score on the odds of ACLF hospitalization and short‐term ACLF mortality. Cox regression was used to analyze the association between frailty and longterm survival from hospitalization. We identified 16,561 cirrhosis hospitalizations over a median follow‐up of 4.19 years (interquartile range, 2.47‐6.34 years). In adjusted models, increasing frailty score was associated with significantly increased odds of ACLF hospitalization versus non‐ACLF hospitalization (odds ratio, 1.03 per point; 95% CI 1.02‐1.03; P < 0.001). By contrast, frailty score was not associated with ACLF 28‐ or 90‐day mortality (P = 0.13 and P = 0.33, respectively). In an adjusted Cox analysis of all hospitalizations, increasing frailty scores were associated with poorer longterm survival from the time of hospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.02 per 5 points; 95% confidence interval, 1.01‐1.03; P = 0.004). Frailty increases the likelihood of ACLF hospitalization among patients with cirrhosis, but it does not impact short‐term ACLF mortality. These findings have implications for clinicians caring for frail outpatients with cirrhosis, including tailored follow‐up, risk mitigation strategies, and possible expedited transplant evaluation.
Nonstandard methods for finite structures
Authors: Tsuboi Akito 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe discuss the possibility of applying the compactness theorem to the study of finite structures. Given a class of finite structures, it is important to determine whether it can be expressed by a particular category of sentences. We are interested in this type of problem, and use nonstandard method for showing the non‐expressibility of certain classes of finite graphs by an existential monadic second order sentence.
Meshes‐to‐Fibrils Transition of Gellan Gum Hydrogel Architecture by Thermal Annealing
Authors: Abalymov Anatolii A. , Van der Meeren Louis , Van de Walle Davy , Dewettinck Koen , Skirtach Andre G. , Parakhonskiy Bogdan V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe possibilities created by tuning the architecture of hydrogels open up extensive opportunities for their application in tissue engineering and biomedicine. A simple and effective procedure is developed here, based on thermal annealing, which affects the alignment of the fibrils and results in a mesh‐like structure. Atomic force microscopy and cryo‐scanning electron microscopy are used to characterize the resultant gel. The alignment angle is demonstrated to take place spontaneously, providing an easy way for self‐assembly of such structures. The protocol developed here is likely to be applicable in numerous areas of biomedicine and tissue engineering.
Global trends in the development of complex, personalized, biomedical, surgical implant devices using 3D printing/additive manufacturing: A review
Authors: Murr Lawrence E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the advent and proliferation of commercial 3D printing/additive manufacturing systems for laser and electron beam powder bed fusion fabrication of complex, open‐cellular metal and alloy biomedical implant devices over the past decade, custom manufacture of personalized and patient‐specific devices has become popularized. In‐hospital, point‐of‐care surgical service centres have been established around the world, which include surgical modelling and planning, and surgical model fabrication, as well as the production of complex, open‐cellular, patient‐specific implants; especially of Ti‐6Al‐4 V alloy. The selective production of open‐cellular, porous mesh and foam biomedical devices provides for optimal biomechanical compatibility with bone as well as bone cell ingrowth, which assures implant fixation and the reduction of revision surgeries. This review discusses these issues in the context of globalization of custom implant device fabrication.
Technical Note: Optimization of quantitative susceptibility mapping by streaking artifact detection
Authors: Wu Ming‐Long , Wang Chun‐Kun , Lin Po‐Yu , Chao Tzu‐Cheng 
Published: September 2020

PurposeIn quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) using magnetic resonance imaging, image reconstruction methods usually aim at suppressing streaking artifacts. In this study, a streaking detection method is proposed for evaluating and optimizing quantitative susceptibility maps.MethodsNine healthy subjects participated in this study and underwent three‐dimensional multi‐echo gradient echo scans. Regularized iterative algorithm was used for reconstruction of tissue susceptibility maps in all subjects. Streaking detection was applied to evaluate streaking artifact in tissue susceptibility maps. In addition, an optimization process for QSM reconstruction by streaking detection was applied and was compared with matching noise level method.ResultsIt is shown that the proposed streaking detection technique effectively delineates streaking artifact in tissue susceptibility maps. In QSM reconstruction, optimization by streaking detection successfully determines the regularization factor that balances between streaking artifact suppression and tissue texture preservation. ROI analyses of brain tissue susceptibility show that optimization by streaking detection achieves results in good agreement with that from matching noise level method.ConclusionsStreaking detection enables direct visualization of streaking patterns in tissue susceptibility maps. It can be applied both for evaluating QSM reconstruction quality and for comparing different reconstruction algorithms. Furthermore, streaking detection can be incorporated into an optimization process of QSM reconstruction. Therefore, we conclude that the proposed method will add value to reconstruction of QSM.
Development of a patient rated scale for mental health global state for use during humanitarian interventions
Authors: Llosa Augusto E. , Martínez‐Viciana Carmen , Carreño Cristina , Evangelidou Stella , Casas German , Marquer Caroline , Moro Marie Rose , Falissard Bruno , Grais Rebecca F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe present the results of a cross‐cultural validation of the Mental Health Global State (MHGS) scale for adults and adolescents (<14 years old).MethodsWe performed two independent studies using mixed methods among 103 patients in Hebron, Occupied Palestinian Territories and 106 in Cauca, Colombia. The MHGS was analyzed psychometrically, sensitivity and specificity, ability to detect clinically meaningful change, compared to the Clinical Global Impression‐Severity scale (CGI‐S). Principal component analysis was used to reduce the number of questions after data collection.ResultsThe scale demonstrated good internal consistency, with a Cronbach alpha score of 0.80 in both settings. Test retest reliability was high, ICC 0.70 (95% CI [0.41–0.85]) in Hebron and 0.87 (95% CI [0.76–0.93]) in Cauca; inter‐rater reliability was 0.70 (95% CI [0.42–0.85]) in Hebron and 0.76 (95% CI [0.57–0.88]) in Cauca. Psychometric properties were also good, and the tool demonstrated a sensitivity of 85% in Hebron and 100% in Cauca, with corresponding specificity of 80% and 79%, when compared to CGI‐S.ConclusionsThe MHGS showed promising results to assess global mental health thereby providing an additional easy to use tool in humanitarian interventions. Additional work should focus on validation in at least one more context, to adhere to best practices in transcultural validation.
Economic Losses of Catfish to Avian Predation: A Case Report
Authors: Kumar Ganesh , Hegde Shraddha , Wise David , Mischke Charles , Dorr Brian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Avian predation in catfish aquaculture has been a persistent issue throughout the history of the industry, and as production has expanded predation from piscivorous birds has intensified. Catfish ponds in the Mississippi River delta (in the Mississippi migratory flyway) provide a constant and readily accessible supply of forage for birds. Intensive foraging by fish-eating birds has led to a specific regulatory policy and numerous on-farm and regional management efforts. However, in 2016, legal challenges lead to recision of some federal policies and uncertainty as to allowable management, resulting in limitations on bird depredation. Estimating the extent of fish losses to avian predators is difficult, as loss estimates from farms are often confounded with disease- and management-related mortalities. This study details the reported losses to birds that were observed in commercial-scale catfish ponds at the Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, during periods of limited bird management. The observed fish losses attributed to birds ranged from 33% to 95% loss in survival and potential yield losses of 4,396 to 8,889 lb/acre, increasing production costs and decreasing net returns. Net economic losses when accounting for negative net returns and lost profits ranged from US$3,518 to $4,060/acre. Losses of this magnitude on commercial fish farms are economically detrimental, especially because catfish farms lack the compensatory economic relief programs that are available in other agriculture sectors. Roost dispersal activities that are organized by federal agencies and avoiding delays in issuing bird depredation permits are vital for mitigating this persistent and growing regulatory problem in the U.S. catfish industry.
Parameter estimation in a 3‐parameterp‐star random graph model
Authors: Lenarda Pietro , Gnecco Giorgio , Riccaboni Massimo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn important issue in social network analysis refers to the development of algorithms for estimating parameters of a social network model, using data available from the network itself. This entails solving an optimization problem. In the paper, we propose a new method for parameter estimation in a specific social network model, namely, the so‐calledp‐star random graph model with three parameters. The method is based on the mean‐field approximation of the moments associated with the three subgraphs defining the model, namely: the mean numbers of edges, 2‐stars, and triangles. A modified gradient ascent method is applied to maximize the log‐likelihood function of thep‐star model, in which the components of the gradient are computed using approximate values of the moments. Compared to other existing iterative methods for parameter estimation, which are computationally very expensive when the number of vertices becomes large, such as gradient ascent applied to maximum log‐likelihood and maximum log‐pseudo‐likelihood estimation, the proposed approach has the advantage of a much cheaper cost per iteration, which is practically independent of the number of vertices.
Controlled fuzzy metric spaces and some related fixed point results
Authors: Sezen Müzeyyen Sangurlu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a new extension in the subject of fuzzy metric, called controlled fuzzy metric space. This notion is a generalization of fuzzy b‐metric space. Also, we prove a Banach‐type fixed point theorem and a new fixed point theorem for some self‐mappings satisfying fuzzyψ‐contraction condition that is more general than existing theorems. Furthermore, we establish some examples about our main results.
Tumor Evolution in a Patient with Recurrent Endometrial Cancer and Synchronous Neuroendocrine Cancer and Response to Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment
Authors: Trikalinos Nikolaos A. , Chatterjee Deyali , Winter Kyle , Powell Matthew , Yano Motoyo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Both metachronous and synchronous tumors pose a diagnostic and clinical challenge, more so when one of the specimens demonstrates the rare neuroendocrine histology. We describe a patient with sarcoidosis who was treated for endometrial and ovarian neoplasm, recurred with two separate histologies (adenocarcinoma and high grade neuroendocrine), both associated with microsatellite instability (MSI)-high status. Targeted next-generation sequencing of tumor with synonymous somatic alterations pointed to a common ancestry of all three tumors and patient was successfully treated with a tailored immunotherapy regimen. Her sarcoidosis worsened only slightly, and immunotherapy did not need to be discontinued. This case highlights the importance of molecular testing for the optimal therapy of complex synchronous tumors and the need for communication between surgical and medical oncologists in patients with MSI-high cancer.

Key Points
The case of a patient with a recurrent gynecological cancer presenting as microsatellite instability (MSI)-high endometrial adenocarcinoma and MSI-high neuroendocrine tumor is reported. This case demonstrated a common genetic lineage with good response to checkpoint inhibition without clinical worsening of autoimmune disease. This article adds to the literature, suggesting tumor evolution with neuroendocrine differentiation in some cancers, and argues that a molecular-based approach to treatment might achieve better understanding and possibly superior treatment outcomes.
Model Studies on the Ozone‐Mediated Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles from Dicobalt Octacarbonyl in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Schuster Ralf , Wähler Tobias , Kettner Miroslav , Agel Friederike , Bauer Tanja , Wasserscheid Peter , Libuda Jörg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLow‐temperature synthesis in ionic liquids (ILs) offers an efficient route for the preparation of metal oxide nanomaterials with tailor‐made properties in a water‐free environment. In this work, we investigated the role of 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [C4C1Pyr][NTf2] in the synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles from the molecular precursor Co2(CO)8 with ozone. We performed a model study in ultra‐clean, ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) using Au(111) as a substrate. Exposure of the pure precursor to ozone at low temperatures results in the oxidation of the first layers, leading to the formation of a disordered CoxOy passivation layer. Similar protection to ozone is also achieved by deposition of an IL layer onto a precursor film prior to ozone exposure. With increasing temperature, the IL gets permeable for ozone and a cobalt oxide film forms at the IL/precursor interface. We show that the interaction with the IL mediates the oxidation and leads to a more densely packed CoxOy film compared to a direct oxidation of the precursor.