bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imprensa, raça e civilização: José de Fontes Pereira e o pensamento intelectual angolano no século XIX
Authors: Santos Eduardo Antonio Estevam 
Published: November 2020

<p>Neste trabalho, procuramos interpretar e analisar por meio dos artigos publicados nos principais periódicos de Luanda o pensamento intelectual de José de Fontes Pereira. Buscamos analisar o conjunto de reflexões deste “<em>filho do país</em>” numa articulação complexa entre imprensa, civilização, raça e a burocracia colonial. Apresentamos, também, a força da emergente imprensa angolana na segunda metade do século XIX em meio às transformações políticas, econômicas e sociais, e o papel político de José de Fontes Pereira diante das tensões raciais envolvendo as disputas por cargos administrativos em Angola.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: imprensa - civilização - raça.</p><p><strong><em><br /></em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong>:<em> In this work, we try to interpret and analyze, through the articles published in the main periodicals of Luanda, the intellectual thinking of José de Fontes Pereira. We seek to analyze the set of reflections of this "son of the country" in a complex articulation between press, civilization, race and the colonial administration. We also present the strength of the emerging Angolan press in the second half of the nineteenth century amidst political, economic and social transformations, furthermore the political role of José de Fontes Pereira in the face of racial tensions involving disputes over administrative positions in Angola</em>.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong>:<em> press - civilization - race</em>.</p>
Spatiotemporal immunolocalisation of REST in the brain of healthy ageing and Alzheimer’s disease rats
Authors: Mampay Myrthe , Velasco‐Estevez María , Rolle Sara O. , Chaney Aisling M. , Boutin Hervé , Dev Kumlesh K. , Moeendarbary Emad , Sheridan Graham K. 
Published: November 2020

In the brain, REST (Repressor Element‐1 Silencing Transcription factor) is a key regulator of neuron cell‐specific gene expression. Nuclear translocation of neuronal REST has been shown to be neuroprotective in a healthy ageing context. In contrast, inability to upregulate nuclear REST is thought to leave ageing neurons vulnerable to neurodegenerative stimuli, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Hippocampal and cortical neurons are known to be particularly susceptible to AD‐associated neurodegeneration. However, REST expression has not been extensively characterised in the healthy ageing brain. Here, we examined the spatiotemporal immunolocalisation of REST in the brains of healthy ageing wild‐type Fischer‐344 and transgenic Alzheimer’s disease rats (TgF344‐AD). Nuclear expression of REST increased from 6 months to 18 months of age in the hippocampus, frontal cortex and subiculum of wild‐type rats, but not in TgF344‐AD rats. No changes in REST were measured in more posterior cortical regions or in the thalamus. Interestingly, levels of the presynaptic marker synaptophysin, a known gene target of REST, were lower in CA1 hippocampal neurons of 18‐month TgF344‐AD rats compared to 18‐month wild‐types, suggesting that elevated nuclear REST may protect against synapse loss in the CA1 of 18‐month wild‐type rats. High REST expression in ageing wild‐type rats did not, however, protect against axonal loss nor against astroglial reactivity in the hippocampus. Taken together, our data confirm that changes in nuclear REST expression are context‐, age‐ and brain region‐specific. Moreover, key brain structures involved in learning and memory display elevated REST expression in healthy ageing wild‐type rats but not TgF344‐AD rats.
A phantom study to evaluate three different registration platform of 3D/3D, 2D/3D, and 3D surface match with 6D alignment for precise image‐guided radiotherapy
Authors: Kuo Hsiang‐Chi , Lovelock Michael M. , Li Guang , Ballangrud Åse , Wolthuis Brian , Della Biancia Cesar , Hunt Margie A. , Berry Sean L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate two three‐dimensional (3D)/3D registration platforms, one two‐dimensional (2D)/3D registration method, and one 3D surface registration method (3DS). These three technologies are available to perform six‐dimensional (6D) registrations for image‐guided radiotherapy treatment.MethodsFiducial markers were asymmetrically placed on the surfaces of an anthropomorphic head phantom (n = 13) and a body phantom (n = 8), respectively. The point match (PM) solution to the six‐dimensional (6D) transformation between the two image sets [planning computed tomography (CT) and cone beam CT (CBCT)] was determined through least‐square fitting of the fiducial positions using singular value decomposition (SVD). The transformation result from SVD was verified and was used as the gold standard to evaluate the 6D accuracy of 3D/3D registration in Varian’s platform (3D3DV), 3D/3D and 2D/3D registration in the BrainLab ExacTrac system (3D3DE and 2D3D), as well as 3DS in the AlignRT system. Image registration accuracy from each method was quantitatively evaluated by root mean square of target registration error (rmsTRE) on fiducial markers and by isocenter registration error (IRE). The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was utilized to compare the difference of each registration method with PM. AP < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsrmsTREwas in the range of 0.4 mm/0.7 mm (cranial/body), 0.5 mm/1 mm, 1.0 mm/1.5 mm, and 1.0 mm/1.2 mm for PM, 3D3D, 2D3D, and 3DS, respectively. Comparing to PM, the mean errors ofIREwere 0.3 mm/1 mm for 3D3D, 0.5 mm/1.4 mm for 2D3D, and 1.6 mm/1.35 mm for 3DS for the cranial and body phantoms respectively. Both of 3D3D and 2D3D methods differed significantly in the roll direction as compared to the PM method for the cranial phantom. The 3DS method was significantly different from the PM method in all three translation dimensions for both the cranial (P = 0.003–P = 0.03) and body (P < 0.001–P = 0.008) phantoms.Conclusion3D3D using CBCT had the best image registration accuracy among all the tested methods. 2D3D method was slightly inferior to the 3D3D method but was still acceptable as a treatment position verification device. 3DS is comparable to 2D3D technique and could be a substitute for X‐ray or CBCT for pretreatment verification for treatment of anatomical sites that are rigid.
Rare variant analysis of essential tremor‐associated genes in early‐onset Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Liang Dongxiao , Zhao Yuwen , Pan Hongxu , Zhou Xun , He Runcheng , Zhou Xiaoxia , Yang Jinxia , Wang Yige , Zhou Xiaoting , Zhou Zhou , Xu Qian , Yan Xinxiang , Li Jinchen , Guo Jifeng , Tang Beisha , Sun Qiying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveParkinson’s disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) are the two most common movement disorders. A significant overlap in clinical features, epidemiology, imaging, and pathology suggests that PD and ET may also share common genetic risk factors. Previous studies have only assessed a limited number of ET‐associated genes in PD patients and vice versa. Consequently, the genetic association between PD and ET remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we systematically investigated a potential association between rare coding variants in ET‐associated genes and PD, in a relatively large Chinese population cohort.MethodsTo investigate the genetic association between ET and PD, we performed the sequence kernel association testing (SKAT‐O) to explore the variant burden of 33 ET‐associated genes, using whole‐exome sequencing (WES) data from 1494 early‐onset PD (EOPD) patients and 1357 control subjects from mainland China.ResultsWe report that rare loss‐of‐function and damaging missense variants of TNEM4 are suggestively associated with EOPD (P = 0.026), damaging missense variants of TNEM4 alone are also suggestively associated with EOPD (P = 0.032). No other rare damaging variants in ET‐related genes were significantly associated with EOPD.InterpretationThis is the first systematic analysis of ET‐associated genes in EOPD. The suggestive association between TNEM4 and EOPD provides new evidence for a genetic link between ET and PD.
Macrophage Immunomodulation Through New Polymers that Recapitulate Functional Effects of Itaconate as a Power House of Innate Immunity
Authors: Davenport Huyer Locke , Mandla Serena , Wang Yufeng , Campbell Scott B. , Yee Bess , Euler Christian , Lai Benjamin F. , Bannerman A. Dawn , Lin Dawn S. Y. , Montgomery Miles , Nemr Kayla , Bender Timothy , Epelman Slava , Mahadevan Radhakrishnan , Radisic Milica 
Published: November 2020

AbstractItaconate (ITA) is an emerging powerhouse of innate immunity with therapeutic potential that is limited in its ability to be administered in a soluble form. A library of polyester materials that incorporate ITA into polymer backbones resulting in materials with inherent immunoregulatory behavior is developed. Harnessing hydrolytic degradation release from polyester backbones, ITA polymers result in the mechanism specific immunoregulatory properties on macrophage polarization in vitro. In a functional assay, the polymer‐released ITA inhibits bacterial growth on acetate. Translation to an in vivo model of biomaterial associated inflammation, intraperitoneal injection of ITA polymers demonstrate a rapid resolution of inflammation in comparison to a control polymer silicone, demonstrating the value of sustained biomimetic presentation of ITA.
High‐Conductivity–Dispersibility Graphene Made by Catalytic Exfoliation of Graphite for Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Tao Ran , Li Fan , Lu Xing , Liu Fang , Xu Jinhui , Kong Dejia , Zhang Chen , Tan Xinyi , Ma Shengxiang , Shi Wenyue , Mo Runwei , Lu Yunfeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite the progress made on the production of graphene using liquid‐phase exfoliation methods, the fabrication of graphene with both high conductivity and dispersibility remains challenging. Through catalytic exfoliation of graphite, an effective synthesis method for graphene with large lateral size (≈10 µm), high conductivity (926 S cm–1), and excellent water solubility (≈10 mg mL–1) is reported herein. Such graphene can be used broadly for applications such as lithium ion batteries, where both high conductivity and dispersibility are required. As an example, the synthesis of graphene and lithium‐iron‐phosphate composites is demonstrated, which leads to electrodes with dramatically improved cycling stability and rate performance. Adaption of such material leads to electrodes with volumetric energy density as high as 658.7 and 287.6 W h L–1 under 0.5 and 20 C, respectively, which is significantly higher than that of commercial LiFePO4 (394.7 and 13.5 W h L–1 at 0.5 and 20 C, respectively). This work provides a new method of making high‐conductivity–dispersibility graphene for various applications.
Random Polymerization Strategy Leads to a Family of Donor Polymers Enabling Well‐Controlled Morphology and Multiple Cases of High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liang Jiaen , Pan Mingao , Chai Gaoda , Peng Zhengxing , Zhang Jianquan , Luo Siwei , Han Qi , Chen Yuzhong , Shang Ao , Bai Fujin , Xu Yuan , Yu Han , Lai Joshua Yuk Lin , Chen Qing , Zhang Maojie , Ade Harald , Yan He 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDeveloping high‐performance donor polymers is important for nonfullerene organic solar cells (NF‐OSCs), as state‐of‐the‐art nonfullerene acceptors can only perform well if they are coupled with a matching donor with suitable energy levels. However, there are very limited choices of donor polymers for NF‐OSCs, and the most commonly used ones are polymers named PM6 and PM7, which suffer from several problems. First, the performance of these polymers (particularly PM7) relies on precise control of their molecular weights. Also, their optimal morphology is extremely sensitive to any structural modification. In this work, a family of donor polymers is developed based on a random polymerization strategy. These polymers can achieve well‐controlled morphology and high‐performance with a variety of chemical structures and molecular weights. The polymer donors are D–A1–D–A2‐type random copolymers in which the D and A1 units are monomers originating from PM6 or PM7, while the A2 unit comprises an electron‐deficient core flanked by two thiophene rings with branched alkyl chains. Consequently, multiple cases of highly efficient NF‐OSCs are achieved with efficiencies between 16.0% and 17.1%. As the electron‐deficient cores can be changed to many other structural units, the strategy can easily expand the choices of high‐performance donor polymers for NF‐OSCs.
Hybrid 3D/Inkjet‐Printed Organic Neuromorphic Transistors
Authors: Mangoma Tanyaradzwa N. , Yamamoto Shunsuke , Malliaras George G. , Daly Ronan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are proving essential in bioelectronics and printed electronics applications, with their simple structure, ease of tunability, biocompatibility, and suitability for different routes to fabrication. OECTs are also being explored as neuromorphic devices, where they emulate characteristics of biological neural networks through co‐location of information storage and processing on the same unit, overcoming the von Neumann performance bottleneck. To achieve the long‐term vision of translating to inexpensive, low‐power computational devices, fabrication needs to be feasible with adaptable, scalable digital techniques. Here, a hybrid direct‐write additive manufacturing approach to fabricating OECTs is shown. 3D printing of commercially available printing filament is combined to deliver conducting and insulating layers, with inkjet printing of semiconducting thin films to create OECTs. These printed OECTs show depletion mode operation paired‐pulse depression behavior and evidence of adaptation to support their translation to neuromorphic devices. These results show that a hybrid of accessible and design‐flexible AM techniques can be used to rapidly fabricate devices that exhibit good OECT and neuromorphic performances.
Robust White‐Light Emitting and Multi‐Responsive Luminescence of a Dual‐Mode Phosphorescence Molecule
Authors: Liu Yan , Ma Zhimin , Liu Jianwei , Chen Mingxing , Ma Zhiyong , Jia Xinru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDeveloping a single emitter with dual emission or multi‐emission, termed as single‐molecule white‐light emission (SMWLE), has attracted more and more attention. However, the exploration of fluorescence‐RTP SMWLE is very challenging because purely organic RTP molecule is still at the preliminary stage. Here, a robust white‐light emitting is successfully achieved through dual‐mode phosphorescence by incorporating intramolecular electron coupling. A series of carbazole–nicotinamide isomers are designed and synthesized. Dyads 2–4 show efficient room‐temperature persistent phosphorescence with the highest quantum yield of 21.3% and the longest lifetime of 846 ms. In particular, dyad 4 manifests robust white‐light emitting property with a rather high phosphorescence quantum yield of 11.2%. The calculated CIEx,y chromaticity coordinate is (0.26, 0.28) in the white‐light zone. Interestingly, dyad 4 is sensitive to mechanical force and acid, demonstrating the multi‐state stimuli‐responsive properties. It is found that the force‐induced phase transition from crystalline to amorphous drives the dual‐mode mechanochromism (fluorescence shift and phosphorescence on–off), and the protonation of pyridine units results in acidichromism. Moreover, a RTP self‐enhancement process is observed. Dyad 4 is a considerably rare white‐light‐emitting purely organic RTP molecule with multi‐responsive luminescence via dual‐mode phosphorescence.
Rubidium Ions Enhanced Crystallinity for Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites
Authors: Cui Shaowen , Wang Jifei , Xie Haipeng , Zhao Yuan , Li Zhimin , Luo Shiqiang , Ke Lili , Gao Yongli , Meng Ke , Ding Liming , Yuan Yongbo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTailoring the organic spacing cations enables developing new Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskites with tunable optoelectronic properties and superior stabilities. However, the formation of highly crystallized RP perovskites can be hindered when the structure of organic cations become complex. Strategies to regulate crystal growing process and grains quality remain to be explored. In this study, mixing Rb+ ions in precursor solution is reported to significantly promote the crystallinity of phenylethylammonium (PEA+) based RP perovskites without impacting on the major orientation of perovskite grains, which leads to increased power conversion efficiencies from 12.5% to 14.6%. It is found that the added Rb+ ions prefer to accumulate at crystal growing front and form Rb+ ions‐rich region, which functions as mild crystal growth inhibitor to retard the absorption and diffusion of organic cations at growing front and hence regulates crystal growing rate. The retarded crystal growth benefits PEA‐based RP perovskite films with elevated crystal qualities and prolonged carrier recombination lifetimes. Similar increased crystallinity and photovoltaic performance are achieved in other RP perovskites with non‐linear organic cations such as phenylmethylammonium (PMA+), 1‐(2‐naphthyl)‐methanammoniun (NMA+) by adding Rb+ ions, demonstrating using a small amount of growth inhibitor as a general route to regulate crystal growth.
Probing Efficient N‐Type Lanthanide Dopants for Mg3Sb2 Thermoelectrics
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Song Lirong , Iversen Bo Brummerstedt 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe recent discovery of n‐type Mg3Sb2 thermoelectrics has ignited intensive research activities on searching for potential n‐type dopants for this material. Using first‐principles defect calculations, here, a systematic computational screening of potential efficient n‐type lanthanide dopants is conducted for Mg3Sb2. In addition to La, Ce, Pr, and Tm, it is found that high electron concentration (≳1020 cm−3 at the growth temperature of 900 K) can be achieved by doping on the Mg sites with Nd, Gd, Ho, and Lu, which are generally more efficient than other lanthanide dopants and the anion‐site dopant Te. Experimentally, Nd and Tm are confirmed as effective n‐type dopants for Mg3Sb2 since doping with Nd and Tm shows higher electron concentration and thermoelectric figure of merit zT than doping with Te. Through codoping with Nd (Tm) and Te, simultaneous power factor improvement and thermal conductivity reduction are achieved. As a result, high zT values of ≈1.65 and ≈1.75 at 775 K are obtained in n‐type Mg3.5Nd0.04Sb1.97Te0.03 and Mg3.5Tm0.03Sb1.97Te0.03, respectively, which are among the highest values for n‐type Mg3Sb2 without alloying with Mg3Bi2. This work sheds light on exploring promising n‐type dopants for the design of Mg3Sb2 thermoelectrics.
Leaf nitrogen sufficiency level guidelines for midseason fertilization in corn
Authors: dos Santos Caio L. , Roberts Trenton L. , Purcell Larry C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImproving N management guidelines in corn (Zea mays L.) production systems can reduce fertilization costs and potential negative environmental impacts. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of leaf nitrogen (LN) concentration as a tool to improve midseason N management in corn production. The experiment was conducted on 8 site‐years with furrow irrigation. There were 11 N fertilization regimes with season total N rates ranging from 0 to 257 kg N ha−1. Split‐applications were made at pre‐plant, the 10th collared leaf stage (V10), the 12th collared leaf stage (V12), and tasseling (VT). The uppermost fully collared leaves were sampled at V10 and V12, and ear‐leaves were sampled at VT. Grain yields ranged between 1.6 and 20.7 Mg ha−1, averaging 12.5 Mg ha−1. Relative grain yield (RGY) was positively associated with LN at V10, V12, and VT. Between V10 and VT, a single regression combining data over growth stages was developed between RGY and LN (r2 = .82, P value < .0001). Relative grain yield increased linearly as LN increased up to 30.4 g N kg−1 and there was no further increase in RGY when LN was >30.4 g N kg−1. This relationship can be used to improve midseason N fertilization by preventing excessive N fertilization when LN is >30.4 g N kg−1, or by triggering additional N fertilization when LN is <30.4 g N kg−1.
Discovery of a novel CHD7 CHARGE syndrome variant by integrated omics analyses
Authors: Granadillo Jorge L. , Wegner Daniel J. , Paul Alexander J. , Willing Marcia , Sisco Kathleen , Tedder Matthew L. , Sadikovic Bekim , Wambach Jennifer A. , Baldridge Dustin , Cole Francis Sessions ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network
Published: November 2020

AbstractChromodomain helicase DNA‐binding protein 7 (CHD7) pathogenic variants are identified in more than 90% of infants and children with CHARGE (Coloboma of the iris, retina, and/or optic disk; congenital Heart defects, choanal Atresia, Retardation of growth and development, Genital hypoplasia, and characteristic outer and inner Ear anomalies and deafness) syndrome. Approximately, 10% of cases have no known genetic cause identified. We report a male child with clinical features of CHARGE syndrome and nondiagnostic genetic testing that included chromosomal microarray, CHD7 sequencing and deletion/duplication analysis, SEMA3E sequencing, and trio exome and whole‐genome sequencing (WGS). We used a comprehensive clinical assessment, genome‐wide methylation analysis (GMA), reanalysis of WGS data, and CHD7 RNA studies to discover a novel variant that causes CHD7 haploinsufficiency. The 7‐year‐old Hispanic male proband has typical phenotypic features of CHARGE syndrome. GMA revealed a CHD7‐associated epigenetic signature. Reanalysis of the WGS data with focused bioinformatic analysis of CHD7 detected a novel, de novo 15 base pair deletion in Intron 4 of CHD7 (c.2239‐20_2239‐6delGTCTTGGGTTTTTGT [NM_017780.3]). Using proband RNA, we confirmed that this novel deletion causes CHD7 haploinsufficiency by disrupting the canonical 3′ splice site and introducing a premature stop codon. Integrated genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptome analyses discovered a novel CHD7 variant that causes CHARGE syndrome.
Cognitive impairment in sporadic cerebral small vessel disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hamilton Olivia K. L. , Backhouse Ellen V. , Janssen Esther , Jochems Angela C. C. , Maher Caragh , Ritakari Tuula E. , Stevenson Anna J. , Xia Lihua , Deary Ian J. , Wardlaw Joanna M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper is a proposal for an update on the characterization of cognitive impairments associated with sporadic cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). We pose a series of questions about the nature of SVD‐related cognitive impairments and provide answers based on a comprehensive review and meta‐analysis of published data from 69 studies. Although SVD is thought primarily to affect executive function and processing speed, we hypothesize that SVD affects all major domains of cognitive ability. We also identify low levels of education as a potentially modifiable risk factor for SVD‐related cognitive impairment. Therefore, we propose the use of comprehensive cognitive assessments and the measurement of educational level both in clinics and research settings, and suggest several recommendations for future research.
Using e‐notebooks to explore biochemistry with an agricultural lens
Authors: Gomez Noe A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe interdisciplinary subject of agricultural biochemistry can provide an abundance of didactic opportunities for educators teaching biochemistry and molecular biology in secondary‐level science courses. This is especially true in present times when virtual‐learning strategies supersede in‐person instruction and contemporary approaches are needed to engage students with relevant applications of science. In this communication, we discuss how pairing daily lessons in agricultural biochemistry with periodic e‐notebook usage further refines this strategy by promoting content‐retrieval and providing educators with formative feedback on student progress in a simple and inexpensive manner.