bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health among nonelderly adult cancer survivors: A national estimate
Authors: Ji Xu , Cummings Janet R. , Gilleland Marchak Jordan , Han Xuesong , Mertens Ann C. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThis study assessed mental health (MH) outcomes across age groups in a nationally representative US sample of adult cancer survivors.MethodsThe 2015 to 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was used to identify respondents aged 18 to 64 years. The authors compared MH outcomes between respondents with a cancer history and respondents without a cancer history in adjusted analyses controlling for demographics and socioeconomic status. Outcomes included past‐year major depressive episodes, serious psychological distress, suicidal thoughts, suicidal plans, suicidal attempts, any mental illness, and serious mental illness. All analyses were stratified by age group (18‐34, 35‐49, or 50‐64 years).ResultsIn a comparison of 2656 survivors and 112,952 individuals without cancer, within each age group, survivors had an elevated prevalence of MH problems in 5 of the 7 outcome measures. Among young adults (aged 18‐34 years), survivors were more likely than noncancer counterparts to experience major depressive episodes (18.1% vs 9.6%), serious psychological distress (34.2% vs 17.9%), suicidal thoughts (10.5% vs 7.0%), any mental illness (41.1% vs 23.3%), and serious mental illness (13.2% vs 5.9%) in the past year (P values <.05). These differences persisted in adjusted analyses (P values <.01). Similar survivor‐comparison differences were observed among older groups but with a smaller magnitude. Among survivors, young adult survivors had the highest likelihood of experiencing MH problems across all outcomes (P values <.05).ConclusionsThis population‐based study shows an elevated prevalence of MH problems among adult cancer survivors in comparison with the general population. This finding highlights the importance of developing strategies to ensure the early detection of mental illness and to improve access to MH treatment for cancer survivors.
Association between the yield and the main agronomic traits of Tartary buckwheat evaluated using the random forest model
Authors: Feng Shan , Li Jing , Qian Guoqi , Feng Baili 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe popularity of Tartary buckwheat [Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn], as a medicinal and food crop, has been increasing in recent years. However, its low yield seriously restricts its industrial development. Amongst the various studies conducted to enhance the productivity of Tartary buckwheat, the association between yield and main agronomic traits has formed the foundation for the breeding and cultivation of high‐yielding varieties, becoming the primary interest of breeders. The commonly used methods are often restricted by sample size, distribution assumptions and trait properties and confined to the linear relationship. In this paper, the random forest regression model was used to obtain a comprehensive and reliable evaluation. The phenotypic data of 200 Tartary buckwheat landraces with 15 quantitative and two qualitative agronomic traits for two consecutive years were used. Results were compared between planting seasons and with those from classical methods, such as the correlation analyses and the multiple linear regression model. The random forest model distinguished the number of grains per plant, plant height, and 1,000‐grain weight as the most influential agronomic traits in both seasons. The main and interactive effects were explored using the accumulated local effects plot and showed great conformity between the two seasons. The robustness and reliability of the random forest model make it a desirable methodology for breeding new varieties and germplasm innovation of Tartary buckwheat and other crops.
Effects of the soil microbiome on the demography of two annual prairie plants
Authors: Reynolds Hannah S. , Wagner Rebekah , Wang Guangzhou , Burrill Haley M. , Bever James D. , Alexander Helen M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBoth mutualistic and pathogenic soil microbes are known to play important roles in shaping the fitness of plants, likely affecting plants at different life cycle stages.In order to investigate the differential effects of native soil mutualists and pathogens on plant fitness, we compared survival and reproduction of two annual tallgrass prairie plant species (Chamaecrista fasciculataandCoreopsis tinctoria) in a field study using 3 soil inocula treatments containing different compositions of microbes. The soil inocula types included fresh native whole soil taken from a remnant prairie containing both native mutualists and pathogens, soil enhanced with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi derived from remnant prairies, and uninoculated controls.For both species, plants inoculated with native prairie AM fungi performed much better than those in uninoculated soil for all parts of the life cycle. Plants in the native whole prairie soil were either generally similar to plants in the uninoculated soil or had slightly higher survival or reproduction.Overall, these results suggest that native prairie AM fungi can have important positive effects on the fitness of early successional plants. As inclusion of prairie AM fungi and pathogens decreased plant fitness relative to prairie AM fungi alone, we expect that native pathogens also can have large effects on fitness of these annuals. Our findings support the use of AM fungi to enhance plant establishment in prairie restorations.
Gray wolf habitat use in response to visitor activity along roadways in Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Anton Colby B. , Smith Douglas W. , Suraci Justin P. , Stahler Daniel R. , Duane Timothy P. , Wilmers Christopher C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the behavioral responses of large carnivores to human activity in protected areas is important for conserving top predators. Roads and associated vehicle traffic have a range of impacts on wildlife, including mortality from vehicle collisions and behavioral changes from increasing traffic levels. Roads concentrate human activities and may be particularly impactful when located adjacent to high‐quality habitat for wildlife. However, people often overlook road impacts in protected areas because of relatively low road densities. From 1979 to 2017, annual visits to Yellowstone National Park increased from 1.9 to 4.1 million, with many visitors in the last 25 yr focusing on the opportunity to view wild wolves (Canis lupus) in their natural habitat from the roadway. To better understand how human activity interacts with landscape attributes and prey availability to shape wolf habitat use, we developed seasonal and diel‐specific step selection functions (SSF) for wolves. Wolves responded to increased human activity by using areas farther from roadways during the day and during peak visitation in summer. Prey availability, as estimated by an elk SSF, did not significantly alter habitat selection patterns by wolves. The strength of habitat selection in relation to roads varied among wolf packs. The most heavily viewed wolf packs exhibited less road avoidance, suggesting increased tolerance, which could lead to increased vulnerability to human harvest if they leave the park. Federal and state managers have implemented several measures to mitigate disturbance effects to wolves and curtail habituation. These results may inform adaptive management strategies that seek to continue to conserve natural wolf behavior.
Concurrent diabetic ketoacidosis with hyperosmolality and/or severe hyperglycemia in youth with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Schmitt Jessica , Rahman AKM. Fazlur , Ashraf Ambika 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionPrevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) complicated by severe hyperglycaemia and hyperosmolality and its outcomes in youth with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are not well‐described. Our aim is to determine the frequency and clinical outcomes of isolated DKA, DKA with severe hyperglycaemia (DKA + SHG) and DKA with hyperglycaemia and hyperosmolality (DKA + HH) in youth with T2DM admitted for acute hyperglycaemic crisis.MethodsThrough retrospective medical record review, patients with T2DM were identified and categorized into isolated DKA, DKA + SHG (DKA + glucose ≥33.3 mmol/L) and DKA + HH (DKA + glucose ≥33.3 mmol/L + osmolality ≥320 mmol/kg).ResultsForty‐eight admissions in 43 patients ages 9‐18 were included: 28 (58%) had isolated DKA, six (13%) had DKA + SHG and 14 (29%) had DKA + HH. Subgroups’ demographics and medical history were similar. Seventeen patients (35%) had acute kidney injury (AKI). Odds of AKI were higher in DKA + SHG and DKA + HH relative to isolated DKA (P = .015 and .002 respectively). Frequency of altered mental status (AMS) was similar among groups. Three patients (6%) had concurrent soft‐tissue infections at presentation with no differences among subgroup. Three patients (6%) had other medical complications. These occurred only in patients with AKI and DKA + SHG or AKI and DKA + HH.ConclusionsIn youth with T2DM, severe hyperglycaemia ± hyperosmolality frequently complicates DKA. Youth with DKA and features of hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome, including isolated severe hyperglycaemia, have increased odds of AKI.
Antibacterial and leishmanicidal activities of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil versus its major ingredient, eugenol
Authors: Moemenbellah‐Fard Mohammad Djaefar , Abdollahi Abbas , Ghanbariasad Ali , Osanloo Mahmoud 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum (clove EO) and its major ingredients, eugenol, possess many biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Therefore, they have been widely used in traditional and contemporary medicine. In this study, the ingredients of clove EO were identified using GC‐MS analysis. The antibacterial and leishmanicidal activities of the total essential oil and eugenol were also investigated. Eugenol (65.41%), trans‐caryophyllene (12.6%), eugenol acetate (9.85%), caryophyllene oxide (3.00%), and α‐humulene (1.73%) were identified as five major components of clove EO. Additionally, the obtained IC50s of clove EO, 177.66, 300.53, 362.94, and 248.08 μg/mL, against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively, were lower than those of eugenol with IC50s of 320.80, 692.91, 591.82, and 445.87 μg/mL. However, this difference was not significant, except against E coli. Also, clove EO and eugenol showed proper leishmanicidal effects on promastigotes of Leishmania tropica (180.24 and 233.52 μg/mL) and Leishmania major (654.76 and 517.14 μg/mL). Furthermore, there was no significant statistical difference between the anti‐Leishmania effect of EO and eugenol. Clove EO and eugenol showed proper antibacterial and leishmanicidal activities. However, the use of clove EO is preferable than eugenol because of the lower cost and straightforward preparation process.
Fluorescence for biological logic gates
Authors: Barnoy Eran A. , Popovtzer Rachela , Fixler Dror 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBiological logic gates are smart probes able to respond to biological conditions in behaviors similar to computer logic gates, and they pose a promising challenge for modern medicine. Researchers are creating many kinds of smart nanostructures that can respond to various biological parameters such as pH, ion presence, and enzyme activity. Each of these conditions alone might be interesting in a biological sense, but their interactions are what define specific disease conditions. Researchers over the past few decades have developed a plethora of stimuli‐responsive nanodevices, from activatable fluorescent probes to DNA origami nanomachines, many explicitly defining logic operations. Whereas many smart configurations have been explored, in this review we focus on logic operations actuated through fluorescent signals. We discuss the applicability of fluorescence as a means of logic gate implementation, and consider the use of both fluorescence intensity as well as fluorescence lifetime.
A metallic biomaterial tribocorrosion model linking fretting mechanics, currents, and potentials: Model development and experimental comparison
Authors: Gilbert Jeremy L. , Zhu Dongkai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMechanically assisted crevice corrosion may disrupt passive oxide films on medical alloys and lead to rapid repassivation reactions which generate corrosion currents and shifts in electrode potential due to the non‐equilibrium nature of the reactions and the transient unbalancing of anodic and cathodic reactions. This study presents a theoretical approach to predict currents and voltages over time utilizing the concepts of heredity integrals, area‐dependent surface impedance, contact mechanics and the high field physics of oxide repassivation. Two heredity integrals are presented relating, first, the sliding mechanics and oxide film repassivation physics to the current, and second, relating the electrode potential to the current using impedance concepts. Current–potential–time responses to controlled fretting conditions were measured across a fretting frequency from 0.2 to 10 Hz and compared to theoretical results. The coupled integrals were shown to predict the overall current–potential–time behavior for CoCrMo alloy surfaces under several controlled fretting corrosion conditions (loads, sliding speeds, etc.) with a high degree of similarity. These models can be adapted to numerical analyses of tribocorrosion to predict performance.
Concentration‐dependent effects of latex F1‐protein fraction incorporated into deproteinized bovine bone and biphasic calcium phosphate on the repair of critical‐size bone defects
Authors: Paini Suelen , Bighetti Ana Carolina Cestari , Cestari Tania Mary , Arantes Ricardo Vinicius Nunes , Santos Paula Sanches , Mena‐Laura Ever Elias , Garlet Gustavo Pompermaier , Taga Rumio , Assis Gerson Francisco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractF1‐protein fraction (F1) is a natural bioactive compound extracted from the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis, and has been recently studied for its therapeutic potential in wound healing. In this study, we investigated the concentration‐dependent effects of F1 (0.01%, 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1%) incorporated into deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) and porous biphasic calcium phosphate (pBCP), on the repair of rat calvarial critical‐size bone defects (CSBD). The defects were analyzed by 3D‐microtomography and 2D‐histomorphometry at 12 weeks postsurgery. The binding efficiency of F1 to pBCP (96.3 ± 1.4%) was higher than that to DBB (67.7 ± 3.3%). In vivo analysis showed a higher bone volume (BV) gain in all defects treated with DBB (except in 0.1% of F1) and pBCP (except in 0.05% and 0.1% of F1) compared to the CSBD without treatment/control group (9.96 ± 2.8 mm3). DBB plus 0.025% F1 promoted the highest BV gain (29.7 ± 2.2 mm3, p < .0001) compared to DBB without F1 and DBB plus 0.01% and 0.1% of F1. In the pBCP group, incorporation of F1 did not promote bone gain when compared to pBCP without F1 (15.9 ± 4.2 mm3, p > .05). Additionally, a small BV occurred in defects treated with pBCP plus 0.1% F1 (10.4 ± 1.4 mm3, p < .05). In conclusion, F1 showed a higher bone formation potential in combination with DBB than with pBCP, in a concentration‐dependent manner. Incorporation of 0.25% F1 into DBB showed the best results with respect to bone formation/repair in CSBD. These results suggest that DBB plus 0.25% F1 can be used as a promising bioactive material for application in bone tissue engineering.
Grade 1 Vertebral Fractures Identified by Densitometric Lateral Spine Imaging Predict Incident Major Osteoporotic Fracture Independently of Clinical Risk Factors and Bone Mineral Density in Older Women
Authors: Johansson Lisa , Sundh Daniel , Magnusson Per , Rukmangatharajan Komagal , Mellström Dan , Nilsson Anna G , Lorentzon Mattias 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Because prevalent vertebral fracture (VF) is a strong predictor of future fractures, they are important to identify in clinical practice as osteoporosis medications are effective and can be used to reduce fracture risk in postmenopausal women with VF. Lateral spine imaging (LSI) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can be used to diagnose VFs accurately but is not widespread in clinical practice. The prognostic value of grade 1 (20% to 25% compression) VFs diagnosed by LSI with DXA has been insufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to determine if grade 1 VF is associated with incident fracture in older women. Sahlgrenska University Hospital Prospective Evaluation of Risk of Bone Fractures (SUPERB) is a population-based study of 3028 older women from Gothenburg, Sweden. Included women were 75 to 80 years of age at baseline, answered questionnaires, and were scanned with DXA (Discovery A, Hologic, Waltham, MA, USA). LSI was used to diagnose VFs, which were classified using the Genant semiquantitative method. Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between VFs at baseline and X-ray–verified incident fractures, with adjustment for confounders. Women with a grade 1 VF (n = 264) or a grade 2–3 VF (n = 349) were compared with women without any fracture (n = 1482). During 3.6 years (median, interquartile range [IQR] 1.5 years) of follow-up, 260 women had any incident fracture and 213 a major osteoporotic fracture (MOF). Women with only grade 1 VF had increased risk of any fracture (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–2.36) and MOF (HR = 1.86; 95% CI 1.28–2.72). For MOF, this association remained after adjustment for clinical risk factors and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD). In conclusion, grade 1 VFs were associated with incident MOF, also after adjustment for clinical risk factors and BMD, indicating that all VF identified by DXA should be considered in the evaluation of fracture risk in older women. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research..
Association between variants in vitamin D‐binding protein gene and vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in china
Authors: Dong Jinju , Zhou Qinghong , Wang Jinxiu , Lu Yangqing , Li Jun , Wang Lijun , Wang Lingyun , Meng Peng , Li Fei , Zhou Hongmei , Liu Congli , Wang Ting , Wang Juan , Mi Yi , Xu Wang‐Yang , Deng Jie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is extremely high in pregnant women worldwide. However, the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in vitamin D metabolic pathway genes and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration among Chinese pregnant women is seldom reported. The risk of adverse neonatal outcomes due to maternal vitamin D deficiency has not been well investigated.MethodsA total of 815 pregnant women and 407 infants were enrolled in this study. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was detected. DNA was extracted from the maternal blood for genotyping genetic SNPs in vitamin D pathway. An XGBoost model was established based on SNPs combined with external variables.ResultsMean serum 25(OH)D level was 15.67 ± 7.98 ng/mL among the pregnant women. Seventy‐five percent of pregnant women had 25(OH)D deficiency in China. SNPs ofGC(rs17467825, rs4588, rs2282679, rs2298850, and rs1155563) were significantly associated with maternal 25(OH)D concentration. The influence of variants of rs17467825, rs4588, rs2282679, and rs2298850 on maternal 25(OH)D might be modified by vitamin D supplementation and sunshine exposure. An XGBoost model was established for monitoring 25(OH)D status in pregnant women and provided clinical advice to reduce the risk of 25(OH)D deficiency. Mothers with 25(OH)D deficiency hinted a risk for macrosomia.ConclusionA high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in China has been confirmed. A clinical model was established to guide pregnant women to supplement vitamin D according to genotype. Furthermore, we suggest the effect of maternal vitamin D status on the risk of macrosomia.
Antibodies against atypical pathogens and respiratory viruses detected by Pneumoslide IgM test in adults with community‐acquired pneumonia in Guangzhou City
Authors: Qin Sheng , Zhang Weizheng , Chen Fu , Luo Fudong , Zhou Qiang , Ke Peifeng , Chen Cha 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo detect the serum antibodies against respiratory viruses and atypical pathogens in adults with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Guangzhou City (Guangdong province, China).MethodsA retrospective study was carried out with samples from 685 adults who were admitted with CAP and 108 non‐CAP control patients. Atypical pathogens and respiratory viruses in serum were detected using the Pneumoslide IgM test from Vircell, Spain. All patients were divided into 6 groups according to age: 18‐24, 25‐44, 45‐59, 60‐74, 75‐89, and >90.ResultsThe total positive rate of CAP was 35.4%, which was highest in the 18‐24 age group (P < .05). The highest positive rate, 17.11%, was observed for Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP). The mean age of MP‐infected patients was higher than that of the controls (P < .05). The positive rates for influenza B (INFB), Legionella pneumophila (LP1), Coxiella burnetii (COX), influenza A (INFA), parainfluenza virus (PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Chlamydophila pneumoniae (CP), and adenovirus (ADV) were 5.56%, 3.07%, 2.63%, 2.34%, 1.90%, 1.61, 0.88%, and 0.29%, respectively. There were 4.37% of patients with CAP having multiple infections. The main symptoms observed in the 685 CAP patients were cough and sputum production, in 78.4% and 67.4%. Fever was followed by 54% of CAP patients. Dyspnea (39.1%), anorexia (36.8%), increased thirst (26.7%), chills (18.7), headache (14.6%), and nausea (13.1%) were also frequently observed in the CAP patients.ConclusionsMP infection was the most common in adult CAP patients in Guangzhou City with the highest positive rate in the 18‐24 age groups.
Steroid‐depleted endometriosis serum improves oocyte maturation in IVM systems
Authors: Asghari Samira , Nouri Mohammad , Darabi Masoud , Valizadeh Amir 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn vitro maturation (IVM) is a novel approach to overcome the adverse effects of human in vitro fertilization (IVF). The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of total and steroid‐depleted serum obtained from patients with endometriosis on IVM outcome as supplementation for this system. To this purpose, patients with endometriosis were selected according to in/excluding criteria. Germinal vesicles (GVs) and cumulus cells were treated with 10% of each serum. The expression levels of stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD 1) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) genes were evaluated by RT‐qPCR. Gas‐liquid chromatography and flow cytometry were performed to analyze fatty acids composition and apoptosis. The mRNA expression levels of SCD1 (2.47 fold) and COX‐2 (6.4 fold), and also the synthesis of oleate, linoleate, and arachidonate were increased (1.19, 1.06, and 2.37 folds, respectively) in cumulus cells treated with steroid‐depleted serum (p < .05). The synthesis of palmitate, palmitoleate, and stearate (0.995, 0.67, and 0.7 folds, respectively) and also the rate of apoptosis were significantly decreased in these cells (p < .05). Moreover, GVs cultured in steroid‐depleted group showed a significantly higher rate of maturation (p < .001). Overall, our findings imply a new insight into the expansion of IVM system in oocytes development.