bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enolase 1 regulates stem cell-like properties in gastric cancer cells by stimulating glycolysis
Authors: Yang Ting , Shu Xiong , Zhang Hui-Wen , Sun Li-Xin , Yu Long , Liu Jun , Sun Li-Chao , Yang Zhi-Hua , Ran Yu-Liang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that gastric cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare sub-group of gastric cancer (GC) cells and have an important role in promoting the tumor growth and progression of GC. In the present study, we demonstrated that the glycolytic enzyme Enolase 1 (ENO1) was involved in the regulation of the stem cell-like characteristics of GC cells, as compared to the parental cell lines PAMC-82 and SNU16, the expression of ENO1 in spheroids markedly increased. We then observed that ENO1 could enhance stem cell-like characteristics, including self-renewal capacity, cell invasion and migration, chemoresistance, and even the tumorigenicity of GC cells. ENO1 is known as an enzyme that is involved in glycolysis, but our results showed that ENO1 could markedly promote the glycolytic activity of cells. Furthermore, inhibiting glycolysis activity using 2-deoxy-d-glucose treatment significantly reduced the stemness of GC cells. Therefore, ENO1 could improve the stemness of CSCs by enhancing the cells’ glycolysis. Subsequently, to further confirm our results, we found that the inhibition of ENO1 using AP-III-a4 (ENOblock) could reduce the stemness of GC cells to a similar extent as the knockdown of ENO1 by shRNA. Finally, increased expression of ENO1 was related to poor prognosis in GC patients. Taken together, our results demonstrated that ENO1 is a significant biomarker associated with the stemness of GC cells.
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy imprinting of an antiferromagnet on an amorphous ferromagnet in FeRh/CoFeB heterostructures
Authors: Xie Yali , Zhan Qingfeng , Hu Yong , Hu Xiao , Chi Xiaodan , Zhang Chenyu , Yang Huali , Xie Wenhui , Zhu Xiaoyan , Gao Jianhua , Cheng Wenjuan , Jiang Dongmei , Li Run-Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMagnetic anisotropy is a fundamental key parameter of magnetic materials that determines their applications. For ferromagnetic materials, the magnetic anisotropy can be easily detected by using conventional magnetic characterization techniques. However, due to the magnetic compensated structure in antiferromagnetic materials, synchrotron measurements, such as X-ray magnetic linear dichroism, are often needed to probe their magnetic properties. In this work, we observed an imprinted fourfold magnetic anisotropy in the amorphous ferromagnetic layer of FeRh/CoFeB heterostructures. The MOKE and ferromagnetic resonance measurements show that the easy magnetization axes of the CoFeB layer are along the FeRh〈110〉 and FeRh〈100〉 directions for the epitaxially grown FeRh layer in the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states, respectively. The combined Monte Carlo simulation and first-principles calculation indicate that the fourfold magnetic anisotropy of the amorphous CoFeB layer is imprinted due to the interfacial exchange coupling between the CoFeB and FeRh moments from the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the epitaxial FeRh layer. This observation of imprinting the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of antiferromagnetic materials on easily detected ferromagnetic materials may be applied to probe the magnetic structures of antiferromagnetic materials without using synchrotron methods.
Photon-directed multiplexed enzymatic DNA synthesis for molecular digital data storage
Authors: Lee Howon , Wiegand Daniel J. , Griswold Kettner , Punthambaker Sukanya , Chun Honggu , Kohman Richie E. , Church George M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNew storage technologies are needed to keep up with the global demands of data generation. DNA is an ideal storage medium due to its stability, information density and ease-of-readout with advanced sequencing techniques. However, progress in writing DNA is stifled by the continued reliance on chemical synthesis methods. The enzymatic synthesis of DNA is a promising alternative, but thus far has not been well demonstrated in a parallelized manner. Here, we report a multiplexed enzymatic DNA synthesis method using maskless photolithography. Rapid uncaging of Co2+ ions by patterned UV light activates Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT) for spatially-selective synthesis on an array surface. Spontaneous quenching of reactions by the diffusion of excess caging molecules confines synthesis to light patterns and controls the extension length. We show that our multiplexed synthesis method can be used to store digital data by encoding 12 unique DNA oligonucleotide sequences with video game music, which is equivalent to 84 trits or 110 bits of data.
Fusing subnational with national climate action is central to decarbonization: the case of the United States
Authors: Hultman Nathan E. , Clarke Leon , Frisch Carla , Kennedy Kevin , McJeon Haewon , Cyrs Tom , Hansel Pete , Bodnar Paul , Manion Michelle , Edwards Morgan R. , Cui Ryna , Bowman Christina , Lund Jessie , Westphal Michael I. , Clapper Andrew , Jaeger Joel , Sen Arijit , Lou Jiehong , Saha Devashree , Jaglom Wendy , Calhoun Koben , Igusky Kristin , deWeese James , Hammoud Kareem , Altimirano J. C. , Dennis Margaret , Henderson Chris , Zwicker Gill , O’Neill John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractApproaches that root national climate strategies in local actions will be essential for all countries as they develop new nationally determined contributions under the Paris Agreement. The potential impact of climate action from non-national actors in delivering higher global ambition is significant. Sub-national action in the United States provides a test for how such actions can accelerate emissions reductions. We aggregated U.S. state, city, and business commitments within an integrated assessment model to assess how a national climate strategy can be built upon non-state actions. We find that existing commitments alone could reduce emissions 25% below 2005 levels by 2030, and that enhancing actions by these actors could reduce emissions up to 37%. We show how these actions can provide a stepped-up basis for additional federal action to reduce emissions by 49%—consistent with 1.5 °C. Our analysis demonstrates sub-national actions can lead to substantial reductions and support increased national action.
Standardization and harmonization of distributed multi-center proteotype analysis supporting precision medicine studies
Authors: Xuan Yue , Bateman Nicholas W. , Gallien Sebastien , Goetze Sandra , Zhou Yue , Navarro Pedro , Hu Mo , Parikh Niyati , Hood Brian L. , Conrads Kelly A. , Loosse Christina , Kitata Reta Birhanu , Piersma Sander R. , Chiasserini Davide , Zhu Hongwen , Hou Guixue , Tahir Muhammad , Macklin Andrew , Khoo Amanda , Sun Xiuxuan , Crossett Ben , Sickmann Albert , Chen Yu-Ju , Jimenez Connie R. , Zhou Hu , Liu Siqi , Larsen Martin R. , Kislinger Thomas , Chen Zhinan , Parker Benjamin L. , Cordwell Stuart J. , Wollscheid Bernd , Conrads Thomas P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCancer has no borders: Generation and analysis of molecular data across multiple centers worldwide is necessary to gain statistically significant clinical insights for the benefit of patients. Here we conceived and standardized a proteotype data generation and analysis workflow enabling distributed data generation and evaluated the quantitative data generated across laboratories of the international Cancer Moonshot consortium. Using harmonized mass spectrometry (MS) instrument platforms and standardized data acquisition procedures, we demonstrate robust, sensitive, and reproducible data generation across eleven international sites on seven consecutive days in a 24/7 operation mode. The data presented from the high-resolution MS1-based quantitative data-independent acquisition (HRMS1-DIA) workflow shows that coordinated proteotype data acquisition is feasible from clinical specimens using such standardized strategies. This work paves the way for the distributed multi-omic digitization of large clinical specimen cohorts across multiple sites as a prerequisite for turning molecular precision medicine into reality.
Exploiting oxidative phosphorylation to promote the stem and immunoevasive properties of pancreatic cancer stem cells
Authors: Valle Sandra , Alcalá Sonia , Martin-Hijano Laura , Cabezas-Sáinz Pablo , Navarro Diego , Muñoz Edurne Ramos , Yuste Lourdes , Tiwary Kanishka , Walter Karolin , Ruiz-Cañas Laura , Alonso-Nocelo Marta , Rubiolo Juan A. , González-Arnay Emilio , Heeschen Christopher , Garcia-Bermejo Laura , Hermann Patrick C. , Sánchez Laura , Sancho Patricia , Fernández-Moreno Miguel Ángel , Sainz Bruno 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the fourth leading cause of cancer death, has a 5-year survival rate of approximately 7–9%. The ineffectiveness of anti-PDAC therapies is believed to be due to the existence of a subpopulation of tumor cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are functionally plastic, and have exclusive tumorigenic, chemoresistant and metastatic capacities. Herein, we describe a 2D in vitro system for long-term enrichment of pancreatic CSCs that is amenable to biological and CSC-specific studies. By changing the carbon source from glucose to galactose in vitro, we force PDAC cells to utilize OXPHOS, resulting in enrichment of CSCs defined by increased CSC biomarker and pluripotency gene expression, greater tumorigenic potential, induced but reversible quiescence, increased OXPHOS activity, enhanced invasiveness, and upregulated immune evasion properties. This CSC enrichment method can facilitate the discovery of new CSC-specific hallmarks for future development into targets for PDAC-based therapies.
Genome-wide screens identify Toxoplasma gondii determinants of parasite fitness in IFNγ-activated murine macrophages
Authors: Wang Yifan , Sangaré Lamba Omar , Paredes-Santos Tatiana C. , Hassan Musa A. , Krishnamurthy Shruthi , Furuta Anna M. , Markus Benedikt M. , Lourido Sebastian , Saeij Jeroen P. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMacrophages play an essential role in the early immune response againstToxoplasmaand are the cell type preferentially infected by the parasite in vivo. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) elicits a variety of anti-Toxoplasmaactivities in macrophages. Using a genome-wide CRISPR screen we identify 353Toxoplasmagenes that determine parasite fitness in naїve or IFNγ-activated murine macrophages, seven of which are further confirmed. We show that one of these genes encodes dense granule protein GRA45, which has a chaperone-like domain, is critical for correct localization of GRAs into the PVM and secretion of GRA effectors into the host cytoplasm. Parasites lacking GRA45 are more susceptible to IFNγ-mediated growth inhibition and have reduced virulence in mice. Together, we identify and characterize an important chaperone-like GRA inToxoplasmaand provide a resource for the community to further explore the function ofToxoplasmagenes that determine fitness in IFNγ-activated macrophages.
A bacterial endophyte exploits chemotropism of a fungal pathogen for plant colonization
Authors: Palmieri Davide , Vitale Stefania , Lima Giuseppe , Di Pietro Antonio , Turrà David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSoil-inhabiting fungal pathogens use chemical signals released by roots to direct hyphal growth towards the host plant. Whether other soil microorganisms exploit this capacity for their own benefit is currently unknown. Here we show that the endophytic rhizobacteriumRahnella aquatilislocates hyphae of the root-infecting fungal pathogenFusarium oxysporumthrough pH-mediated chemotaxis and uses them as highways to efficiently access and colonize plant roots. Secretion of gluconic acid (GlcA) byR. aquatilisin the rhizosphere leads to acidification and counteractsF. oxysporum-induced alkalinisation, a known virulence mechanism, thereby preventing fungal infection. Genetic abrogation or biochemical inhibition of GlcA-mediated acidification abolished biocontrol activity ofR. aquatilisand restored fungal infection. These findings reveal a new way by which bacterial endophytes hijack hyphae of a fungal pathogen in the soil to gain preferential access to plant roots, thereby protecting the host from infection.
A causal role for frontal cortico-cortical coordination in social action monitoring
Authors: Ninomiya Taihei , Noritake Atsushi , Kobayashi Kenta , Isoda Masaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDecision-making via monitoring others’ actions is a cornerstone of interpersonal exchanges. Although the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) are cortical nodes in social brain networks, the two areas are rarely concurrently active in neuroimaging, inviting the hypothesis that they are functionally independent. Here we show in macaques that the ability of the MPFC to monitor others’ actions depends on input from the PMv. We found that delta-band coherence between the two areas emerged during action execution and action observation. Information flow especially in the delta band increased from the PMv to the MPFC as the biological nature of observed actions increased. Furthermore, selective blockade of the PMv-to-MPFC pathway using a double viral vector infection technique impaired the processing of observed, but not executed, actions. These findings demonstrate that coordinated activity in the PMv-to-MPFC pathway has a causal role in social action monitoring.
Increased RNA editing in maternal immune activation model of neurodevelopmental disease
Authors: Tsivion-Visbord Hadas , Kopel Eli , Feiglin Ariel , Sofer Tamar , Barzilay Ran , Ben-Zur Tali , Yaron Orly , Offen Daniel , Levanon Erez Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe etiology of major neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism is unclear, with evidence supporting a combination of genetic factors and environmental insults, including viral infection during pregnancy. Here we utilized a mouse model of maternal immune activation (MIA) with the viral mimic PolyI:C infection during early gestation. We investigated the transcriptional changes in the brains of mouse fetuses following MIA during the prenatal period, and evaluated the behavioral and biochemical changes in the adult brain. The results reveal an increase in RNA editing levels and dysregulation in brain development-related gene pathways in the fetal brains of MIA mice. These MIA-induced brain editing changes are not observed in adulthood, although MIA-induced behavioral deficits are observed. Taken together, our findings suggest that MIA induces transient dysregulation of RNA editing at a critical time in brain development.
A role for spindles in the onset of rapid eye movement sleep
Authors: Bandarabadi Mojtaba , Herrera Carolina Gutierrez , Gent Thomas C. , Bassetti Claudio , Schindler Kaspar , Adamantidis Antoine R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSleep spindle generation classically relies on an interplay between the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), thalamo-cortical (TC) relay cells and cortico-thalamic (CT) feedback during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Spindles are hypothesized to stabilize sleep, gate sensory processing and consolidate memory. However, the contribution of non-sensory thalamic nuclei in spindle generation and the role of spindles in sleep-state regulation remain unclear. Using multisite thalamic and cortical LFP/unit recordings in freely behaving mice, we show that spike-field coupling within centromedial and anterodorsal (AD) thalamic nuclei is as strong as for TRN during detected spindles. We found that spindle rate significantly increases before the onset of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, but not wakefulness. The latter observation is consistent with our finding that enhancing spontaneous activity of TRN cells or TRN-AD projections using optogenetics increase spindle rate and transitions to REM sleep. Together, our results extend the classical TRN-TC-CT spindle pathway to include non-sensory thalamic nuclei and implicate spindles in the onset of REM sleep.
Non-dispersive infrared multi-gas sensing via nanoantenna integrated narrowband detectors
Authors: Tan Xiaochao , Zhang Heng , Li Junyu , Wan Haowei , Guo Qiushi , Zhu Houbin , Liu Huan , Yi Fei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNon-dispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopy analyzes the concentration of target gases based on their characteristic infrared absorption. In conventional NDIR gas sensors, an infrared detector has to pair with a bandpass filter to select the target gas. However, multiplexed NDIR gas sensing requires multiple pairs of bandpass filters and detectors, which makes the sensor bulky and expensive. Here, we propose a multiplexed NDIR gas sensing platform consisting of a narrowband infrared detector array as read-out. By integrating plasmonic metamaterial absorbers with pyroelectric detectors at the pixel level, the detectors exhibit spectrally tunable and narrowband photoresponses, circumventing the need for separate bandpass filter arrays. We demonstrate the sensing of H2S, CH4, CO2, CO, NO, CH2O, NO2, SO2. The detection limits of common gases such as CH4, CO2, and CO are 63 ppm, 2 ppm, and 11 ppm, respectively. We also demonstrate the deduction of the concentrations of two target gases in a mixture.
Broadband multi-magnon relaxometry using a quantum spin sensor for high frequency ferromagnetic dynamics sensing
Authors: McCullian Brendan A. , Thabt Ahmed M. , Gray Benjamin A. , Melendez Alex L. , Wolf Michael S. , Safonov Vladimir L. , Pelekhov Denis V. , Bhallamudi Vidya P. , Page Michael R. , Hammel P. Chris 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDevelopment of sensitive local probes of magnon dynamics is essential to further understand the physical processes that govern magnon generation, propagation, scattering, and relaxation. Quantum spin sensors like the NV center in diamond have long spin lifetimes and their relaxation can be used to sense magnetic field noise at gigahertz frequencies. Thus far, NV sensing of ferromagnetic dynamics has been constrained to the case where the NV spin is resonant with a magnon mode in the sample meaning that the NV frequency provides an upper bound to detection. In this work we demonstrate ensemble NV detection of spinwaves generated via a nonlinear instability process where spinwaves of nonzero wavevector are parametrically driven by a high amplitude microwave field. NV relaxation caused by these driven spinwaves can be divided into two regimes; one- and multi-magnon NV relaxometry. In the one-magnon NV relaxometry regime the driven spinwave frequency is below the NV frequencies. The driven spinwave undergoes four-magnon scattering resulting in an increase in the population of magnons which are frequency matched to the NVs. The dipole magnetic fields of the NV-resonant magnons couple to and relax nearby NV spins. The amplitude of the NV relaxation increases with the wavevector of the driven spinwave mode which we are able to vary up to 3 × 106 m−1, well into the part of the spinwave spectrum dominated by the exchange interaction. Increasing the strength of the applied magnetic field brings all spinwave modes to higher frequencies than the NV frequencies. We find that the NVs are relaxed by the driven spinwave instability despite the absence of any individual NV-resonant magnons, suggesting that multiple magnons participate in creating magnetic field noise below the ferromagnetic gap frequency which causes NV spin relaxation.
Mineralogy of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitates formed using single cell drop-based microfluidics
Authors: Zambare Neerja M. , Naser Nada Y. , Gerlach Robin , Chang Connie B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicrobe-mineral interactions are ubiquitous and can facilitate major biogeochemical reactions that drive dynamic Earth processes such as rock formation. One example is microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) in which microbial activity leads to the formation of calcium carbonate precipitates. A majority of MICP studies have been conducted at the mesoscale but fundamental questions persist regarding the mechanisms of cell encapsulation and mineral polymorphism. Here, we are the first to investigate and characterize precipitates on the microscale formed by MICP starting from single ureolytic E. coli MJK2 cells in 25 µm diameter drops. Mineral precipitation was observed over time and cells surrounded by calcium carbonate precipitates were observed under hydrated conditions. Using Raman microspectroscopy, amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) was observed first in the drops, followed by vaterite formation. ACC and vaterite remained stable for up to 4 days, possibly due to the presence of organics. The vaterite precipitates exhibited a dense interior structure with a grainy exterior when examined using electron microscopy. Autofluorescence of these precipitates was observed possibly indicating the development of a calcite phase. The developed approach provides an avenue for future investigations surrounding fundamental processes such as precipitate nucleation on bacteria, microbe-mineral interactions, and polymorph transitions.
On the link between the topside ionospheric effective scale height and the plasma ambipolar diffusion, theory and preliminary results
Authors: Pignalberi Alessio , Pezzopane Michael , Nava Bruno , Coïsson Pierdavide 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOver the years, an amount of models relying on effective parameters were implemented in the challenging issue of the topside ionosphere description. These models are based on different analytical functions, but all of them depend on a parameter called effective scale height, that is deduced from topside electron density measurements. As their names state, they are effective in reproducing the topside electron density profile only when applied to the analytical function used to derive them. Then, in principle, they do not have any physical meaning. It is the goal of this paper to mathematically link the effective scale height modeled through the Epstein layer to the vertical scale height theoretically deduced from the plasma ambipolar diffusion theory. Firstly, effective and theoretical scale heights are linked through a mathematical relation by showing that they tend to each other in the topside ionosphere. Secondly, their connection is preliminarily demonstrated by calculating effective scale height values from the entire COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 radio occultation dataset. Thirdly, a possible connection between the vertical gradient of the topside scale height (as obtained by COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 satellites) and the electron temperature (as obtained by ESA Swarm B satellite) is studied by highlighting corresponding similarities in the diurnal, seasonal, solar activity, and latitudinal variability.