bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive factors of facilitating linkage to care for HIV-positive detainees in ICE Health Service Corps-staffed facilities
Authors: Mishreki Alexandra M , Boardman Nicole J , Brodine Stephanie K , Yang Mingan , Lederman Edith R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Persons in ICE detention represent a population about whom limited health-related data is available in the literature. Since ICE detention is generally brief, facilitating linkage to care (FLC) for detainees with chronic diseases, including HIV-positive detainees, is challenging, yet critical to encourage continued treatment beyond custody. Between 2015 and 2017, IHSC-staffed facilities implemented intensive training related to HIV care and FLC and increased clinical oversight and consultations. This study examined the impact of these changes in relation to FLC.

Methods
Demographic and clinical data for detainees with known HIV-positive diagnoses at IHSC-staffed facilities entering custody in 2015 and 2017 were obtained via electronic health record. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regressions were performed to identify factors that may increase FLC.

Results
After adjusting for year of entry into custody, detainees who received an infectious disease (ID) consultation had significantly higher odds (2.4, P &lt; 0.001) of receiving FLC resources compared to those who did not receive an ID consultation. Between 2015 and 2017, the proportion of HIV-positive detainees receiving FLC resources increased from 29 to 62%.

Conclusions
ID consultations significantly improved FLC for HIV-positive detainees. Continued provider training and education is essential to continue improving the rate of FLC for HIV-positive ICE detainees.
Equity Is Cheap for Large Financial Institutions
Authors: Gandhi Priyank , Lustig Hanno , Plazzi Alberto 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Across a wide panel of countries, the top-10% of financial stocks on average account for over 20% of a country’s market capitalization but earn on average significantly lower returns than do nonfinancial firms of the same size and risk exposures. In a bailout-augmented, rare disasters asset pricing model, the spread in risk-adjusted returns between large and small institutions depends on country characteristics that determine the likelihood of bailouts. Consistent with this model, we find larger spreads in countries with large and interconnected financial sectors, weaker capital regulation and corporate governance, and fiscally stronger governments. Valuation gaps increase in anticipation of financial crises.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Innovating for improved healthcare: Sociotechnical and innovation systems perspectives and lessons from the NHS
Authors: Marjanovic Sonja , Altenhofer Marlene , Hocking Lucy , Chataway Joanna , Ling Tom 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHealthcare systems with limited resources face rising demand pressures. Healthcare decision-makers increasingly recognise the potential of innovation to help respond to this challenge and to support high-quality care. However, comprehensive and actionable evidence on how to realise this potential is lacking. We adopt sociotechnical systems and innovation systems theoretical perspectives to examine conditions that can support and sustain innovating healthcare systems. We use primary data focussing on England (with 670 contributions over time) and triangulate findings against globally-relevant literature. We discuss the complexity of factors influencing an innovating healthcare system’s ability to support the development and uptake of innovations and share practical learning about changes in policy, culture, and behaviour that could support system improvement. Three themes are examined in detail: skills, capabilities, and leadership; motivations and accountabilities; and collaboration and coordination. We also contribute to advancing applications of sociotechnical systems thinking to major societal transformation challenges.
Impact of the Sister Hospital Program on Maternal Mortality and Neonatal Mortality in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia
Authors: Hardhantyo Muhammad , Chuang Ying-Chih 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The province of Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) in the eastern part of Indonesia is known for high maternal mortality ratios (MMRs) and neonatal mortality eates (NMRs). Sister Hospital is a multicenter program, which aims to lower MMRs and NMRs in the deprived areas of Indonesia by providing comprehensive emergency services for maternal and newborn care. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the Sister Hospital program on MMRs and NMRs in 2009–17. We used linear mixed-effects models to analyze the program’s effects. Study results suggested that in general, the Sister Hospital program reduced MMRs by 1.14/100 000 live births after adjusting for other sociodemographic factors. This study also found that the program effects varied by island, and the highest reduction in MMRs, were found on Sumba Island in which the log of MMRs decreased from 2.23 in 2009 to 2.01 in 2017. However, no effects on NMR outcomes by the program were found. These findings suggest that the Sister Hospital program can be a practical solution for lowering MMRs in rural Indonesia.
Beneficiary Views on Cash and In-Kind Payments: Evidence from Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Programme
Authors: Hirvonen Kalle , Hoddinott John 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Economists often default to the assumption that cash is always preferable to an in-kind transfer. Do beneficiaries feel the same way? This paper addresses this issue using longitudinal household data from Ethiopia, where a large-scale social safety net intervention (PSNP) operates. Even though most payments are made in cash, and even though the (temporal) transaction costs associated with food payments are higher than payments received as cash, most beneficiaries stated that they prefer their payments only or partly in food. Higher food prices induce shifts in stated preferences toward in-kind transfers. More food-secure households, those closer to food markets and to financial services are more likely to prefer cash. Though shifts occur, the stated preference for food is dominant: In no year do more than 17 percent of households prefer only cash. There is suggestive evidence that stated preferences for food are also driven by self-control concerns.
Phylogeny and reclassification of Carpophilinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), with insights into the origins of anthophily
Authors: Powell Gareth S , Cline Andrew R , Duffy Alexandra G , Zaspel Jennifer M 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe family Nitidulidae is known for its diverse life histories, with some species considered economically detrimental pests, while others perform critical ecosystem functions. Despite this, their evolutionary relationships still lack support and understanding. A robust phylogenetic hypothesis and revised taxonomic classification for this group, particularly the subfamily Carpophilinae, could help delineate key lineages for assessing the evolution of both beneficial and pestiferous traits. The most complete molecular phylogeny of Carpophilinae to date, based on 37 ingroup taxa, covering four of the six recognized genera, is presented. Six genetic loci were used (16S, 18S, 28S, COI, H3 and ITS2), providing a total of 3500 bp of data. These data were generated using a novel method discussed here: wide-seq. Wide-seq utilizes next-generation sequencing platforms to generate data for specific loci that overlap with traditional Sanger sequences for the group. Carpophilinae recover as a well-supported clade with respect to the outgroup taxa. The genera Nitops, Urophorus and Caplothorax stat. nov. recover as monophyletic with high support. Caplothorax is formally given generic rank with a redescription and diagnosis. Anthophilous behaviour is coded for all taxa and an ancestral state reconstruction is performed, predicting multiple origins of this behaviour within Carpophilinae.
Racial Inequities in Preventable Pregnancy-Related Deaths in Louisiana, 2011–2016
Authors: Mehta Pooja K. , Kieltyka Lyn , Bachhuber Marcus A. , Smiles Dana , Wallace Maeve , Zapata Amy , Gee Rebekah E. 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE:To examine preventable pregnancy-related deaths in Louisiana by race and ethnicity and maternal level of care to inform quality improvement efforts.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective observational descriptive analysis of Louisiana Pregnancy-Associated Mortality Review data of 47 confirmed pregnancy-related deaths occurring from 2011 to 2016. The review team determined cause of death, preventability, and contributing factors. We compared preventability by race–ethnicity and maternal level of care of the facility where death occurred (from level I: basic care to level IV: regional perinatal health center) using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs.RESULTS:The rate of pregnancy-related death among non-Hispanic black women (22.7/100,000 births, 95% CI 15.5–32.1, n=32/140,785) was 4.1 times the rate among non-Hispanic white women (5.6/100,000, 95% CI 2.8–10.0, n=11/197,630). Hemorrhage (n=8/47, 17%) and cardiomyopathy (n=8/47, 17%) were the most common causes of pregnancy-related death. Among non-Hispanic black women who experienced pregnancy-related death, 59% [n=19] of deaths were deemed potentially preventable, compared with 9% (n=1) among non-Hispanic white women (OR 14.6, 95% CI 1.7–128.4). Of 47 confirmed pregnancy-related deaths, 58% (n=27) occurred at level III or IV birth facilities. Compared with those at level I or II birth facilities (n=2/4, 50%), pregnancy-related deaths occurring at level III or IV birth facilities (n=14/27, 52%) were not less likely to be categorized as preventable (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.5–8.0).CONCLUSION:Compared with non-Hispanic white women, pregnancy-related deaths that occurred among non-Hispanic black women in Louisiana from 2011 to 2016 were more likely to be preventable. The proportion of deaths that were preventable was similar between lower and higher level birth facilities. Hospital-based quality improvement efforts focused on addressing hemorrhage, hypertension, and associated racial inequities may prevent pregnancy-related deaths in Louisiana.
Acute Herpes Simplex Virus Hepatitis in Pregnancy
Authors: Calix Roberto X. , Loeliger Kelsey B. , Burn Martina S. , Campbell Katherine H. 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND:
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes only 2–4% of all acute hepatitis but has high morbidity and mortality. Pregnancy is a risk factor for HSV hepatitis. We describe a case of gestational HSV hepatitis.

CASE:
A 32-year old woman, gravida 2 para 1, presented at 38 2/7 weeks of gestation with back pain and fetal tachycardia. She became febrile after admission, had spontaneous rupture of membranes, and was delivered by cesarean for malpresentation. Postpartum, she became persistently febrile and developed transaminitis, symptomatic hypotension, and pancytopenia despite antibiotics. Imaging revealed acute liver injury, splenomegaly, pleural effusions, and cardiomyopathy. Serum polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening identified HSV-1 infection. The patient recovered on acyclovir. There was no evidence of neonatal seroconversion.

CONCLUSION:
Herpes simplex virus hepatitis causes significant morbidity, and pregnant women are susceptible to severe infections. Pregnant or peripartum women with acute febrile hepatitis require prompt evaluation for HSV with serum PCR screening.
Association of Oxytocin Use and Artificial Rupture of Membranes With Cesarean Delivery in France
Authors: Girault Aude , Bonnet Camille , Goffinet François , Blondel Béatrice , Le Ray Camille 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate whether the decrease in the frequency of oxytocin administration and artificial rupture of membranes observed between the 2010 and 2016 French Perinatal Surveys was associated with a change in the frequency of cesarean delivery or cesarean delivery indications among women who entered labor spontaneously.

METHODS:
This cross-sectional study included women who participated in the 2010 and 2016 French National surveys who had singleton pregnancies and who gave birth at at least 37 weeks of gestation after spontaneous labor to a liveborn neonate in cephalic presentation. To test whether the observed decrease of oxytocin administration and artificial rupture of membranes between the two study years was explained by the women's individual characteristics and maternity units' organizational characteristics change, multivariable analyses were performed. The same strategy was applied for the change in intrapartum cesarean delivery rates between the 2 years. These analyses were repeated in nulliparous, low obstetric risk women, multiparous low obstetric risk women, and women with a previous cesarean delivery. The cesarean delivery indications were compared in 2010 and 2016.

RESULTS:
Oxytocin administration decreased significantly from 58.3% in 2010 to 45.2% in 2016 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.51; 95% CI 0.47–0.55), as did artificial rupture of membranes, from 52.4% to 42.6% (aOR 0.66; 95% CI 0.62–0.71). The intrapartum cesarean delivery rate remained stable—6.9% compared with 6.6% (aOR 0.93; 95% CI 0.82–1.06). The same patterns were observed in low risk groups and women with a previous cesarean delivery. The cesarean delivery indications were similar in both years.

CONCLUSION:
The significant decrease in oxytocin administration and artificial rupture of membranes in 2016 compared with 2010 was not accompanied by an increase in the intrapartum cesarean delivery rate for women in France who entered labor spontaneously. These results support the recent international guidelines.
Operative Technique and Experience of One Referral Center With Vaginal Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Delplanque Sophie , Le Lous Maela , Isly Hélène , Coiffic Jean , Lassel Linda , Levêque Jean , Lavoué Vincent , Nyangoh Timoh Krystel 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND:
To report the experience of vaginal cesarean delivery and describe the surgical technique.

METHOD:
This is a retrospective case series from one referral center of patients who underwent vaginal cesarean delivery from 2000 to 2017, presenting a step-by-step operative technique with a video. The operative technique consists of: 1) development of a transvaginal bladder flap by dissecting the bladder off the cervix, thereby exposing the lower uterine segment; 2) making a vertical segment incision up to the highest part of the lower uterine segment, just below the muscular portion of the uterus; 3) extraction of the fetus; and 4) reconstruction of the lower uterine segment and vagina.

EXPERIENCE:
Seven patients with maternal indications for urgent premature delivery who underwent vaginal cesarean delivery were included. Indications were severe bleeding (n=3), severe previable preeclampsia (n=2), severe heart failure (n=1), and stroke (n=1). The average gestational age at delivery was 21 2/7 weeks (18 2/7–24 1/7 weeks); median fetal birth weight was 300 g (179–500 g). There were no intraoperative complications attributable to the procedure.

CONCLUSION:
Vaginal cesarean delivery is a valuable technique for rapid fetal extraction of deceased or nonviable fetuses for severe maternal indications.
The immunopathogenesis of rheumatic immune adverse events from checkpoint inhibitors: prospects for targeted therapy
Authors: Calabrese Leonard H. , Calabrese Cassandra 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of review
The introduction of checkpoint inhibitors as well as other allied advances in cancer immunology has made immunotherapy a pillar in the treatment of cancer. At the same time, these therapies have been associated with a remarkable array of immune-mediated toxicities observed in virtually every organ system, a portion of which are rheumatic in nature or multisystem in expression making them of particular relevance for rheumatologists.

Recent findings
Most of our knowledge of these immune-related adverse events (irAEs) stems from clinical descriptive reports; we lack detailed understanding on immunopathogenesis for most complications. Therapeutic approaches are currently empiric and rely heavily on glucocorticoids and inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor. Serious consideration must now be given to advance our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of this emergent field and to exploit the full depth and breadth of the rich armamentarium of targeted therapies currently available to treat autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.

Summary
irAEs are and will continue to increase in incidence and pose major hurdles to the continuing success and evolution of cancer immunotherapy. Basic and translational research into pathogenesis of irAEs and clinical trials of targeted therapies for these complications is urgently needed. Rheumatologists are well poised to actively contribute to the care and research of these complications.
Klippel Feil Syndrome
Authors: Hachem Laureen D. , Mathieu Francois , Lamberti-Pasculli Maria , Hanak Brian W. , Zeller Reinhard , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Drake James , Ibrahim George M. 
Published: January 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective study.

Objective.
To define distinct Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) patient phenotypes that are associated with the need for surgical intervention.

Summary of Background Data.
KFS is characterized by the congenital fusion of cervical vertebrae; however, patients often present with a variety of other spinal and extraspinal anomalies suggesting this syndrome encompasses a heterogeneous patient population. Moreover, it remains unclear how the abnormalities seen in KFS correlate to neurological outcomes and the need for surgical intervention.

Methods.
Principal component (PC) analysis was performed on 132 KFS patients treated at a large pediatric hospital between 1981 and 2018. Thirty-five variables pertaining to patient/disease-related factors were examined. Significant PCs were included as independent variables in multivariable logistic regression models designed to test associations with three primary outcomes: cervical spine surgery, thoracolumbar/sacral spine surgery, and cranial surgery.

Results.
Fourteen significant PCs accounting for 70% of the variance were identified. Five components, representing four distinct phenotypes, were significantly associated with surgical intervention. The first group consisted of predominantly subaxial cervical spine fusions, thoracic spine abnormalities and was associated with thoracolumbar/sacral spine surgery. The second group was largely represented by axial cervical spine anomalies and had high association with cervical subluxation and cervical spine surgery. A third group, heavily represented by Chiari malformation, was associated with cranial surgery. Lastly, a fourth group was defined by thoracic vertebral anomalies and associations with sacral agenesis and scoliosis. This phenotype was associated with thoracolumbar/sacral spine surgery.

Conclusion.
This is the first data-driven analysis designed to relate KFS patient phenotypes to surgical intervention and provides important insight that may inform targeted follow-up regimens and surgical decision-making.

Level of Evidence: 3
The Benefits of Sparing Lumbar Motion Segments in Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Are Evident at 10 Years Postoperatively
Authors: Ohashi Masayuki , Bastrom Tracey P. , Marks Michelle C. , Bartley Carrie E. , Newton Peter O. 
Published: January 2020

Study Design.
A prospective multicenter study.

Objective.
To evaluate the effects of sparing lumbar motion segments on spinal mobility and Scoliosis Research Society-22 scores at 10 years after spinal fusion for major thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary of Background Data.
In surgical correction for major thoracic AIS, the long-term benefits of sparing lumbar motion segments remain unclear.

Methods.
A prospective multicenter registry was reviewed and patients with major thoracic AIS (Lenke types 1–4) and availability of both preoperative and 10-year postoperative mobility data were included. Spinal fusions ending at L1 or above were defined as thoracic fusions (T), and at L2 or below as thoracic and lumber fusions (T + L). Spinal mobility was evaluated with a measuring tape. The excursions between the starting and ending positions were measured using the distance from the spinous processes of C7 to S1 for forward flexion (FF), and the distance from the tip of the middle finger to the floor for lateral flexion (LF). Substantial reduction of mobility was defined as a reduction rate (a ratio of postoperative change divided by preoperative mobility) of 40% or more. Motion data were correlated with lowest instrumented vertebra levels and group comparisons were performed.

Results.
We identified 151 patients (average age, 25.1 years). The spinal mobility decreased with more distal lowest instrumented vertebrae (FF, rho = 0.208; right LF, 0.257; left LF, 0.371; P ≤ 0.01). Consequently, the incidence of substantial reduction of mobility was lower in the T group (n = 109) than in the T + L group (n = 42) (FF: 17.4% vs. 50%, LF: 14.8% vs. 51.2%; P < 0.001). Patients with substantial reduction in LF had lower Scoliosis Research Society-22 scores for pain, function, satisfaction, and total scores than those without substantial reduction at 10-year follow-up (P < 0.05).

Conclusion.
The sparing of lumbar motion segments demonstrated clinically significant benefits at 10-year postoperatively.

Level of Evidence: 2
Do PROMIS Physical Function, Pain Interference, and Depression Correlate to the Oswestry Disability Index and Neck Disability Index in Spine Trauma Patients?
Authors: Bernstein David N. , Greenstein Alexander S. , D’Amore Taylor , Mesfin Addisu 
Published: January 2020

Study Design.
Correlational study.

Objective.
In spine trauma patients, we aimed to assess the correlation of patient-reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS) physical function (PF), pain interference (PI), and Depression scores with Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) ODI/NDI scores.

Summary of Background Data.
The ODI and NDI were intended as patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to evaluate clinical outcomes in patients seeking spine care. To date, the PROMIS has not been studied in the spine trauma population.

Methods.
Between January 1, 2015 and December 13, 2017, patients presenting to a single, level 1 trauma center spine clinic with known spine trauma were identified. A total of 56 patients (52 operative, 4 nonoperative) representing 181 encounters were identified. PROMIS PF, PI, and Depression, as well as the ODI or NDI, were administered to patients. Spearman rho (ρ) were calculated between PROMs.

Results.
A strong correlation exists between PROMIS PI and the ODI (ρ = 0.79, P < 0.001), while a strong-moderate correlation exists between PROMIS PF and the ODI (ρ = −0.61, P < 0.001). A moderate correlation exists between PROMIS Depression and the ODI (ρ = 0.54, P < 0.001). Strong correlations exist between PROMIS PI and the NDI (ρ = 0.71, P < 0.001) and PROMIS Depression and the NDI (ρ = 0.73, P < 0.001). A poor correlation exists between PROMIS PF and the NDI (ρ = −0.28, P = 0.005).

Conclusion.
PROMIS PF, PI, and Depression domains significantly correlate with the ODI and NDI; however, only PROMIS PI strongly correlates with both the NDI and ODI. This suggests that PROMIS PI can be used to capture similar information to that of the ODI or NDI but that PROMIS PF and Depression may offer additional clinical information.

Level of Evidence: 2