bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fruit water content as an indication of sugar metabolism improves simulation of carbohydrate accumulation in tomato fruit
Authors: Chen Jinliang , Vercambre Gilles , Kang Shaozhong , Bertin Nadia , Gautier Hélène , Génard Michel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough fleshy fruit is mainly made up of water, little is known about the impact of its water status on sugar metabolism and its composition. In order to verify whether fruit water status is an important driver of carbohydrate composition in tomato fruit, an adaptation of the SUGAR model proposed previously by M. Génard and M. Souty was used. Two versions of the model, with or without integrating the influence of fruit water content on carbohydrate metabolism, were proposed and then assessed with the data sets from two genotypes, Levovil and Cervil, grown under different conditions. The results showed that, for both genotypes, soluble sugars and starch were better fitted by the model when the effects of water content on carbohydrate metabolism were taken into consideration. Water content might play a regulatory role in the carbon metabolism from sugars to compounds other than sugars and starch in Cervil fruit, and from sugars to starch in Levovil fruit. While water content influences tomato fruit carbohydrate concentrations by both metabolism and dilution/dehydration effects in the early developmental stage, it is mainly by dilution/dehydration effects in the late stage. The possible mechanisms underlying the effect of the fruit water content on carbohydrate metabolism are also discussed.
Type II Fusarium head blight susceptibility conferred by a region on wheat chromosome 4D
Authors: Hales Benjamin , Steed Andrew , Giovannelli Vincenzo , Burt Christopher , Lemmens Marc , Molnár-Láng Marta , Nicholson Paul 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) causes significant grain yield and quality reductions in wheat and barley. Most wheat varieties are incapable of preventing FHB spread through the rachis, but disease is typically limited to individually infected spikelets in barley. We point-inoculated wheat lines possessing barley chromosome introgressions to test whether FHB resistance could be observed in a wheat genetic background. The most striking differential was between 4H(4D) substitution and 4H addition lines. The 4H addition line was similarly susceptible to the wheat parent, but the 4H(4D) substitution line was highly resistant, which suggests that there is an FHB susceptibility factor on wheat chromosome 4D. Point inoculation of Chinese Spring 4D ditelosomic lines demonstrated that removing 4DS results in high FHB resistance. We genotyped four Chinese Spring 4DS terminal deletion lines to better characterize the deletions in each line. FHB phenotyping indicated that lines del4DS-2 and del4DS-4, containing smaller deletions, were susceptible and had retained the susceptibility factor. Lines del4DS-3 and del4DS-1 contain larger deletions and were both significantly more resistant, and hence had presumably lost the susceptibility factor. Combining the genotyping and phenotyping results allowed us to refine the susceptibility factor to a 31.7 Mbp interval on 4DS.
The stellar mass Fundamental Plane: the virial relation and a very thin plane for slow rotators
Authors: Bernardi M , Domínguez Sánchez H , Margalef-Bentabol B , Nikakhtar F , Sheth R K 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Early-type galaxies – slow and fast rotating ellipticals (E-SRs and E-FRs) and S0s/lenticulars – define a Fundamental Plane (FP) in the space of half-light radius Re, enclosed surface brightness Ie, and velocity dispersion σe. Since Ie and σe are distance-independent measurements, the thickness of the FP is often expressed in terms of the accuracy with which Ie and σe can be used to estimate sizes Re. We show that: (1) The thickness of the FP depends strongly on morphology. If the sample only includes E-SRs, then the observed scatter in Re is $\sim 16{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, of which only $\sim 9{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ is intrinsic. Removing galaxies with M* &lt; 1011 M⊙ further reduces the observed scatter to $\sim 13{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ($\sim 4{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ intrinsic). The observed scatter increases to $\sim 25{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ usually quoted in the literature if E-FRs and S0s are added. If the FP is defined using the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix of the observables, then the E-SRs again define an exceptionally thin FP, with intrinsic scatter of only 5 per cent orthogonal to the plane. (2) The structure within the FP is most easily understood as arising from the fact that Ie and σe are nearly independent, whereas the Re−Ie and Re−σe correlations are nearly equal and opposite. (3) If the coefficients of the FP differ from those associated with the virial theorem the plane is said to be ‘tilted’. If we multiply Ie by the global stellar mass-to-light ratio M*/L and we account for non-homology across the population by using Sérsic photometry, then the resulting stellar mass FP is less tilted. Accounting self-consistently for M*/L gradients will change the tilt. The tilt we currently see suggests that the efficiency of turning baryons into stars increases and/or the dark matter fraction decreases as stellar surface brightness increases.
Spectral variability of the 3C 390.3 nucleus for more than 20 years – II.  Variability of the broad emission-line profiles and He ii λ4686 Å emission-line fluxes
Authors: Sergeev S G 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Results of the analysis of the variability of the H β and H α broad emission-line profiles and the He ii λ4686 Å emission-line fluxes in the 3C 390.3 nucleus during 1992–2014 are present. The observed velocity-dependent lag for the Balmer lines is similar to that expected from the Keplerian disc configuration, although there are some differences. Probably, a radial infall motion can be present in the broad-line region of 3C 390.3 in addition to the Keplerian rotation. The lag of the broad He ii line is 26 ± 8 d, significantly less than that of the Balmer lines, so the He ii emission region is much smaller in size. In terms of the power-law relationship between line and optical continuum fluxes with slowly varying scale factor c(t): $F_{\rm line}\propto c(t)\, F_{\rm cont}^a$, the power a is 1.03 for the broad He ii line, while according to Paper I, the power is equal to 0.77 and 0.54 for the broad H β and H α lines, respectively. It means that the variability amplitude is the largest in the He ii, less in H β, and more less in H α. However, the Balmer lines contain a long-term trend that is not seen in the helium line. The narrow He ii line is variable with the amplitude (max-to-min ratio) Rmax ≈ 3, which is much greater than the variability amplitudes of both the narrow Balmer lines and the narrow [O iii] λ5007 Å line.
Hydrodynamical backflow in X-shaped radio galaxy PKS 2014−55
Authors: Cotton W D , Thorat K , Condon J J , Frank B S , Józsa G I G , White S V , Deane R , Oozeer N , Atemkeng M , Bester L , Fanaroff B , Kupa R S , Smirnov O M , Mauch T , Krishnan V , Camilo F 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We present MeerKAT 1.28 GHz total-intensity, polarization, and spectral-index images covering the giant (projected length l ≈ 1.57 Mpc) X-shaped radio source PKS 2014−55 with an unprecedented combination of brightness sensitivity and angular resolution. They show the clear ‘double boomerang’ morphology of hydrodynamical backflows from the straight main jets deflected by the large and oblique hot-gas halo of the host galaxy PGC 064440. The magnetic field orientation in PKS 2014−55 follows the flow lines from the jets through the secondary wings. The radio source is embedded in faint ($T_\mathrm{b} \approx 0.5 \mathrm{\, K}$) cocoons having the uniform brightness temperature and sharp outer edges characteristic of subsonic expansion into the ambient intragroup medium. The position angle of the much smaller (l ∼ 25 kpc) restarted central source is within 5° of the main jets, ruling out models that invoke jet re-orientation or two independent jets. Compression and turbulence in the backflows probably produce the irregular and low polarization bright region behind the apex of each boomerang as well as several features in the flow with bright heads and dark tails.
PolyA-miner: accurate assessment of differential alternative poly-adenylation from 3′Seq data using vector projections and non-negative matrix factorization
Authors: Yalamanchili Hari Krishna , Alcott Callison E , Ji Ping , Wagner Eric J , Zoghbi Huda Y , Liu Zhandong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Almost 70% of human genes undergo alternative polyadenylation (APA) and generate mRNA transcripts with varying lengths, typically of the 3′ untranslated regions (UTR). APA plays an important role in development and cellular differentiation, and its dysregulation can cause neuropsychiatric diseases and increase cancer severity. Increasing awareness of APA’s role in human health and disease has propelled the development of several 3′ sequencing (3′Seq) techniques that allow for precise identification of APA sites. However, despite the recent data explosion, there are no robust computational tools that are precisely designed to analyze 3′Seq data. Analytical approaches that have been used to analyze these data predominantly use proximal to distal usage. With about 50% of human genes having more than two APA isoforms, current methods fail to capture the entirety of APA changes and do not account for non-proximal to non-distal changes. Addressing these key challenges, this study demonstrates PolyA-miner, an algorithm to accurately detect and assess differential alternative polyadenylation specifically from 3′Seq data. Genes are abstracted as APA matrices, and differential APA usage is inferred using iterative consensus non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) based clustering. PolyA-miner accounts for all non-proximal to non-distal APA switches using vector projections and reflects precise gene-level 3′UTR changes. It can also effectively identify novel APA sites that are otherwise undetected when using reference-based approaches. Evaluation on multiple datasets—first-generation MicroArray Quality Control (MAQC) brain and Universal Human Reference (UHR) PolyA-seq data, recent glioblastoma cell line NUDT21 knockdown Poly(A)-ClickSeq (PAC-seq) data, and our own mouse hippocampal and human stem cell-derived neuron PAC-seq data—strongly supports the value and protocol-independent applicability of PolyA-miner. Strikingly, in the glioblastoma cell line data, PolyA-miner identified more than twice the number of genes with APA changes than initially reported. With the emerging importance of APA in human development and disease, PolyA-miner can significantly improve data analysis and help decode the underlying APA dynamics.
MR-LDP: a two-sample Mendelian randomization for GWAS summary statistics accounting for linkage disequilibrium and horizontal pleiotropy
Authors: Cheng Qing , Yang Yi , Shi Xingjie , Yeung Kar-Fu , Yang Can , Peng Heng , Liu Jin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe proliferation of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has prompted the use of two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) with genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs) for drawing reliable causal relationships between health risk factors and disease outcomes. However, the unique features of GWAS demand that MR methods account for both linkage disequilibrium (LD) and ubiquitously existing horizontal pleiotropy among complex traits, which is the phenomenon wherein a variant affects the outcome through mechanisms other than exclusively through the exposure. Therefore, statistical methods that fail to consider LD and horizontal pleiotropy can lead to biased estimates and false-positive causal relationships. To overcome these limitations, we proposed a probabilistic model for MR analysis in identifying the causal effects between risk factors and disease outcomes using GWAS summary statistics in the presence of LD and to properly account for horizontal pleiotropy among genetic variants (MR-LDP) and develop a computationally efficient algorithm to make the causal inference. We then conducted comprehensive simulation studies to demonstrate the advantages of MR-LDP over the existing methods. Moreover, we used two real exposure–outcome pairs to validate the results from MR-LDP compared with alternative methods, showing that our method is more efficient in using all-instrumental variants in LD. By further applying MR-LDP to lipid traits and body mass index (BMI) as risk factors for complex diseases, we identified multiple pairs of significant causal relationships, including a protective effect of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol on peripheral vascular disease and a positive causal effect of BMI on hemorrhoids.
Science communication in China: a critical component of the global science powerhouse
Authors: Qiu Jane 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

China has attached a great significance to bringing science to the public—known as kepu (科普, ‘science popularization’) or kexue chuanbo (科学传播, ‘science dissemination’)—in recent years, partly in response to its unprecedented push for innovation in science and technology. In 2018, it spent 16 billion yuan (US$2.3 billion) on such endeavours, nearly 80% of which was government funding, according to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Science and Technology. With one science-education venue for every million people, approximately 76 million visits were made to the country's 518 general-science museums and 142 million visits were made to 943 museums dedicated to a specific subject matter, such as the Geological Museum of China.
In a forum chaired by National Science Review’s executive editor-in-chief, Mu-ming Poo, scientists, journalists and public-information officers discussed the differences in science communication between China and developed nations, the challenges and opportunities of raising scientific literacy in China, how it has played out in a wide range of controversial topics, from stem-cell research to climate change, and the importance of international collaboration.

Tao Deng
Director of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Hepeng Jia
Science journalist and science-communication scholar at Soochow University, Suzhou, China

Brian Lin
Director of the Editorial Content Strategy, EurekAlert!, American Association of the Advancement of Science, Washington DC, USA

Joy Ma
Manager of the Editorial Content, EurekAlert!, American Association of the Advancement of Science, Washington DC, USA

Lai Xu
Former chief editor of Guokr.com, Beijing, China

Shi Yan
Deputy director of the China Research Institute for Science Popularisation, Chinese Association of Science and Technology, Beijing, China

Mu-ming Poo (Chair)
Director of the Insitute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
Implementation and analysis of a telephone support service during COVID-19
Authors: Matthewson J , Tiplady A , Gerakios F , Foley A , Murphy E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been essential for occupational health services (OHS) providers to react rapidly to increased demand and to utilize resources in novel ways. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological well-being of staff is already identified as an area of high risk; therefore, providing timely access to psychological support may be vital, although limited evidence is available on how these risks are best managed.

Aims
To describe implementation and analysis of a psychology-led COVID-19 telephone support line in a National Health Service OHS.

Methods
Data from calls made to the support line were collected over the first 4 weeks of service implementation. Numerical data including frequency of calls and average waiting time were first considered. A content analysis was then conducted on call notes to identify prevalence of themes.

Results
Six hundred and fifty-five calls were received, and 362 notes included sufficient information for use within the content analysis. Frequency of calls peaked within the first week followed by a reduction in the number of calls received per day over time. Most calls included discussion around clarification of guidance (68%) with a smaller subset of calls offering support around anxiety (29%). Prevalence of themes did not appear to change over time.

Conclusions
Clear and timely information is vital to support the well-being of healthcare staff. A psychologically informed telephone support line was a good use of occupational health service resources in the interim while more tailored advice and services could be established.
The Making of the Modern Metropolis: Evidence from London*
Authors: Heblich Stephan , Redding Stephen J , Sturm Daniel M 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing newly constructed spatially disaggregated data for London from 1801 to 1921, we show that the invention of the steam railway led to the first large-scale separation of workplace and residence. We show that a class of quantitative urban models is remarkably successful in explaining this reorganization of economic activity. We structurally estimate one of the models in this class and find substantial agglomeration forces in both production and residence. In counterfactuals, we find that removing the whole railway network reduces the population and the value of land and buildings in London by up to 51.5% and 53.3% respectively, and decreases net commuting into the historical center of London by more than 300,000 workers.
Mullen Scales of Early Learning Adaptation for Assessment of Indian Children and Application to Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Nimkar Smita , Joshi Suvarna , Kinikar Aarti , Valvi Chhaya , Devaleenal D Bella , Thakur Kiran , Bendre Manjushree , Khwaja Saltanat , Ithape Mahesh , Kattagoni Krishna , Paradkar Mandar , Gupte Nikhil , Gupta Amita , Suryavanshi Nishi , Mave Vidya , Dooley Kelly E , Arenivas Ana 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) results in significant morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Associated neurocognitive complications are common but not well characterized. The Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), a well-established measure for assessment of neurodevelopment, has not yet been adapted for use in India. This study’s goal was to adapt the MSEL for local language and culture to assess neurocognition among children in India, and apply the adapted measure for assessment of children with TBM.

Methods
Administration of MSEL domains was culturally adapted. Robust translation procedures for instructions took place for three local languages: Marathi, Hindi and Tamil. Multilingual staff compared instructions against the original version for accuracy. The MSEL stimuli and instructions were reviewed by psychologists and pediatricians in India to identify items concerning for cultural bias.

Results
MSEL stimuli unfamiliar to children in this setting were identified and modified within Visual Reception, Fine-Motor, Receptive Language and Expressive Language Scales. Item category was maintained for adaptations of items visually or linguistically different from those observed in daily life. Adjusted items were administered to six typically developing children to determine modification utility. Two children diagnosed with confirmed TBM (ages 11 and 29 months) were evaluated with the adapted MSEL before receiving study medications. Skills were below age-expectation across visual reception, fine motor and expressive language domains.

Conclusions
This is the first study to assess children with TBM using the MSEL adapted for use in India. Future studies in larger groups of Indian children are warranted to validate the adapted measure.
Patterns of Parenting Confidence Among Infants With Medical Complexity
Authors: Vance Ashlee J. , Knafl Kathleen , Brandon Debra H. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Parenting confidence is an important factor in fostering optimal health and development of infants with medical complexity. However, our understanding of how parents of medically complex infants describe development of confidence is limited. The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to describe the nature and development of parenting confidence.

Methods:
A mixed-method design was used to examine how parents described their level of confidence. Ten parents of infants with medical complexity. Quantitative measures provided patterns of confidence and qualitative data focused on parent descriptions of confidence. Parents completed online surveys at 3 time points: (1) study enrollment, (2) infant discharge from hospital, and (3) 3 months after discharge. Parents were purposively sampled, using their confidence patterns, for qualitative phone interviews.

Results:
Our analysis of quantitative findings revealed 3 confidence patterns: (1) increasing, (2) stable, and (3) varying. Parents described their confidence as either (1) a state of being confident or (2) how they behaved in the parenting role. Parents felt both certain and uncertain in their level of confidence and described confidence as being situationally dependent.

Implications for Practice:
Parenting confidence needs to be cultivated through encouragement and repeated exposure to parenting behaviors. Nurses are well-suited to help identify parents with low confidence to support parents so that they can develop confidence.

Implications for Research:
Because there is variability in parent confidence during this critical early period of life, future research should consider a larger cohort of parents that compares confidence in diverse parent groups (ie, married vs living together couples, same-sex couples, and single parents). Research should also examine effective strategies to promote confidence and associated long-term health and developmental outcomes.
Therapeutic Monitoring of Lacosamide in Japanese Patients With Epilepsy: Clinical Response, Tolerability, and Optimal Therapeutic Range
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshiaki , Terada Kiyohito , Araki Yasukiyo , Fukushima Yutaro , Imai Katsumi , Kagawa Yoshiyuki , Takahashi Yukitoshi 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Lacosamide is a novel anticonvulsant that acts by enhancing sodium channel slow inactivation. The aims of this study were to evaluate the influence of concomitant antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on serum lacosamide concentration and explore the relationship between lacosamide serum concentration and both clinical response and adverse effects.

Methods:
The authors analyzed 649 serum samples from 426 Japanese patients with epilepsy. The concentration-to-dose (CD) ratio of lacosamide was compared among patients on various AED regimens. Clinical information about seizure frequency and adverse events was obtained from clinical records.

Results:
In patients who did not receive enzyme-inducing AEDs, the CD ratio (mean ± SD) of lacosamide was 1.84 ± 0.68. By contrast, the CD ratio in patients who received phenytoin, carbamazepine, and phenobarbital was 1.42 ± 0.66 (22.8% lower), 1.46 ± 0.40 (20.7% lower), and 1.36 ± 0.38 (26.1% lower), respectively. Seventy-four patients (17.3%) achieved >50% seizure reduction. The median lacosamide concentration in patients who received and did not receive a sodium channel blocker was 6.6 mcg/mL (26.4 μmol/L) and 8.4 mcg/mL (33.6 μmol/L), respectively. Adverse events, including dizziness, somnolence, diplopia, and anorexia, were reported by 70 patients (16.4%). The incidence rate in patients treated with sodium channel blockers was significantly higher than that in patients not treated with these drugs (21.1% vs. 10.3%; P < 0.005), and the median lacosamide concentration in these patient groups was 5.1 (20.4 μmol/L) and 7.5 mcg/mL (30 μmol/L), respectively.

Conclusions:
Therapeutic drug monitoring of lacosamide is clinically useful because it allows physicians to estimate the extent of drug interactions and adjust the dose in individual AED regimens.