bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Throughput Screening of Cell Transfection Enhancers Using Miniaturized Droplet Microarrays
Authors: Liu Yanxi , Tronser Tina , Peravali Ravindra , Reischl Markus , Levkin Pavel A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDNA delivery is a powerful research tool for biological research and clinical therapies. However, many nonviral transfection reagents have relatively low transfection efficiency. It is hypothesized that by treating cells with small molecules, the transfection efficiency can be improved. However, in order to identify such transfection‐enhancing molecules, thousands of molecules must be tested. Current high‐throughput screening (HTS) technologies based on microtiter plates are not suitable for such screenings due to the prohibitively high costs of reagents and operation. Here, the use of the droplet microarray (DMA) platform to screen 774 FDA‐approved drugs with CHO‐K1, Jurkat and HEK293T cells is reported. The volume of individual aqueous compartments is 20 nL, requiring 0.84 mL of cell suspension and 200 pmoles of each drug (total 0.02 moles) to perform the screening. Thus, the requirement for cells and reagents is 2500 times less than that for the same experiment performed in 384‐well plates. The results reveal the potential of the DMA platform as a more cost‐effective and less labor‐intensive approach to HTS. Furthermore, an increase (approximately two‐ to fivefold) in transfection efficiency is achieved by treating cells with some molecules. This study clearly demonstrates the potential of the DMA platform for miniaturization of biochemical and cellular HTS.
Highly selective hydrogenation of acetophenone over supported amorphous alloy catalyst
Authors: Lv Zhiguo , Wang Jiaomei , Zhang Shuying , Wang Bing , Guo Zhenmei , Zhang Chao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlpha‐phenylethanol (PE) is an essential chemical in the field of medicine and synthetic perfumery. Therefore, in this work, we used a supported Ni–B–P amorphous alloy catalyst (Ni–B–P/SiO2) in the hydrogenation of acetophenone (AP) to α‐PE, which demonstrated excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, compared with Ni–B/SiO2 (KBH4 reduction of nickel salt). Ni–B–P/SiO2 exhibited a high AP hydrogenation conversion of approximately 99%, whereas the PE selectivity reached up to 94%, which is approximately 1.4‐fold higher than that of Ni–B/SiO2 (about 69%), thereby directly proving the unique inhibition of AP hydrogenation over hydrogenation of P in the Ni–B catalytic system. The doped P in Ni–B–P/SiO2 enhances the oxidation resistance and maintains the valence stability of Ni and B. Furthermore, sufficient experimental data were collected to determine the kinetic parameters. Based on the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, we assumed that (i) AP and H2 compete for adsorption on Ni–B–P/SiO2; (ii) AP has strong adsorptive capacity on Ni–B–P/SiO2; and (iii) PE coverage on the catalyst was negligible. Then, the dynamic equation was derived, which indicated that experimental data agree well with the dynamic model. Finally, the activation energy was confirmed to be 50.73 KJ/mol. This report will open up an avenue for the industrialization of amorphous alloy catalysts.
Study on the mechanical and thermal properties of polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite@polydopamine composite nanofibers for tissue engineering
Authors: Hu Shengyu , Wu Jiahui , Cui Zhixiang , Si Junhui , Wang Qianting , Peng Xiangfang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElectrospun nanofibers have attracted tremendous attention because of their similar structure with extracellular matrix. In this work, the polydopamine (PDA) coating layer was first applied to modify hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles and obtain functional HA@PDA nanoparticles. Subsequently, the polylactic acid (PLA)/HA@PDA composite nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning. The hydrophilicity and water absorption of PLA/HA@PDA composite nanofibers were larger than those of PLA and PLA/HA composite nanofibers. The thermal stability, static and dynamic mechanical properties of PLA/HA@PDA composite nanofibers significantly increased because the PDA coating layer on the surface of the HA nanoparticles acted like a glue‐like transition layer, which led to an increase in interfacial adhesion between HA@PDA nanoparticles and the PLA matrix. The attachment and viability of mouse embryonic osteoblast cells (MC3T3‐E1) cultured on the PLA/HA@PDA composite nanofibers were significantly increased compared with those cultured on the PLA and PLA/HA composite nanofibers. These results suggested that the PLA/HA@PDA composite nanofibers have superior mechanical and biological properties, which makes it potentially useful for tissue engineering scaffolds.
Ductile/brittle PA6/PS system: Effect of carbon nanoplatelets‐modified interface on performance
Authors: Kelnar Ivan , Zhigunov Alexander , Kaprálková Ludmila , Fortelný Ivan , Krejčíková Sabina , Dybal Jiří , Janata Miroslav , Brus Jiří , Kobera Libor , Štengl Václav 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAddition of rigid PS to ductile PA6 can lead to higher toughness provided plastic deformation of PS is achieved. The current study deals with upgrading of this system by graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and GO with grafted polystyrene (GO‐g‐PS). Low amount of these carbon nanoplatelets can enhance performance of the PA/PS 90/10 system with the best‐balanced properties achieved with GO‐g‐PS by unique combination of reinforcement with the favorable effect of the GO‐g‐PS‐modified interface on plastic deformation of the PS phase causing higher impact resistance. Simultaneous linking of PA chains and hydrogen bonding causes “anchoring” of PS inclusions in the PA6 phase. This results in support of hydrostatic pressure evolution during loading and thus extensive yielding of PS. Another positive effect is reduction of pullout of in situ formed fibrous inclusions, which is different from rigid short‐fiber composites. The study highlights high potential of GO modified with polymer chains to upgrade polymer systems via tailoring the interface.
Use of genetic markers to identify the illegal trade of billfish in the second largest fishing warehouse of Latin America
Authors: Rodrigues Júnior Carlos Egberto , Daniel Sandro Natal , Martins Diego Galetti , Hashimoto Diogo Teruo , Foresti Fausto , Porto‐Foresti Fabio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Billfish are oceanic pelagic species that are often caught by tuna fleets and are of great interest for sport fishing. Two species of billfish have specific legislation prohibiting their marketing and export in Brazil.
DNA barcoding is a universal system of molecular identification based on a sequence of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), which serves as a diagnostic genomic marker in each species.
The barcode DNA technique was used to identify billfish marketed in the second largest fishing warehouse in Latin America, the CEAGESP (Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo), located in São Paulo, Brazil. Seventy‐nine samples of billfish were collected during three inspection visits carried out by Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis.
After DNA sequencing, 70 samples (88.60%) were identified to the species level; 21 (30.00%) were identified as Xiphias gladius, 43 (61.42%) as Istiophorus platypterus and six (8.57%) as Kajikia albida. The sale of this latter species is prohibited in Brazil and it is considered Vulnerable on the list of endangered species of the IUCN and in the official list of species of endangered Fauna – Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates.
Molecular analyses proved to be very efficient at uncovering irregularities in the identification of the white marlin (K. albida), which was traded illegally in CEAGESP, demonstrating the ineffectiveness of the current monitoring techniques used and emphasizing the need for the adoption of better public policies for the conservation of the species.
Increased membrane permeation and blood concentration of 6‐carboxyfluorescein associated with dysfunction of paracellular route barrier in the small intestine of ulcerative colitis model rats
Authors: Kumagai Maho , Ishii Makoto , Morimoto Kaori , Tomita Mikio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the colon of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), decreased function of the paracellular barrier, especially hypofunction of the tight junction, is associated with pathological conditions. However, there has been no report to date on the function of tight junctions in the small intestine. Here, we focused on the barrier function of the small intestine, especially in tight junctions, and compared it with that of the colon. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to induce ulcerative colitis in rats in order to evaluate the function of the paracellular barrier in the jejunum, ileum, and colon. An in vitro diffusion chamber method was used to evaluate membrane resistance, which is an index of tight junction function and mucosal permeability, using 6‐carboxyfluorescein (6‐CF), a paracellular marker. In the jejunum and colon, with decrease of membrane resistance in the DSS group, mucosal permeability increased, whereas no marked difference was observed in the ileum. In the in situ closed‐loop method, absorption of 6‐CF from the jejunum was higher than that from the ileum. Immunohistochemical staining of claudin‐4 showed heterogeneous attenuation of claudin‐4 in the jejunum. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the blood concentration after intravenous injection and oral administration of 6‐CF. In the DSS group, there was a delay in the elimination phase, suggesting a decrease in renal function, and an increase in maximum blood concentration, associated with an increased absorption rate constant. The increased absorption and decreased renal function due to decreased paracellular barrier function in the small intestine and colon may cause fluctuations in drug efficacy and side effects.
Validation of the Bangla version of Beck Depression Inventory‐II
Authors: Mostafa Alim Sheikh Md. Abu Hena , Ahmed Md. Nazir , Mullick Mohammad S. I. , Chowdhury Nafia Farzana , Akhter Farzana , Alam Md. Shamsul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundBeck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II) is a widely used valid instrument to assess the severity of depression in clinical and normal settings. To meet the necessity of a standard scale for measuring depression among above 265 million Bangla speaking population around the world, this scale was translated and validated.MethodsTwo translations of BDI‐II into Bangla were prepared, and then, two back translations were done by medical and language experts in parallel. Thereafter, sentence revision followed by pretest on 20 respondents was done to finalize the Bangla version of BDI‐II (BDI‐II BV). Afterward, a cross‐sectional, comparative, and descriptive study was conducted to validate the scale by purposive sampling technique consisting of 111 persons (both clinical and normal) in three tertiary‐level hospitals in Bangladesh. Everyone was given to fill up BDI‐II BV at first. Then, they were given to fill up BDI‐II BV (n = 49), Bangla version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21‐item (DASS21‐BV, n = 47) and BDI‐II (n = 25) 3–7 days later. The diagnosis of depressive disorder was made according to DSM‐5. Correlation study and factor analysis were completed.ResultsThe mean age was 28.83(±8.70) years. The male–female ratio was 1:0.82. Correlation of scores for BDI‐II BV with the DASS21‐BV depression subscale was .920; BDI‐II BV with BDI‐II was .985 (Cronbach's α .993; t test not significant) and BDI‐II BV applied first and the second time was .960 (Cronbach's α .979; z test not significant). The interitem correlation for all the items was found highly significant (p < .01). Patients having depressive disorder or episodes had significantly higher BDI‐II BV scores than normal (M + SD 30.18 + 10.127 than 8.34 + 5.910; p < .001). Partial confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated two‐factor loading comprising Cognitive and Somatic‐affective symptoms.ConclusionsThrough the translation and validation process, a validated Bangla version of BDI‐II was produced to measure depression and its severity among the Bengali population.
Dewatering of algal suspension using microfiltration with cross flow in the presence of magnetite as a filter aid
Authors: Kitani Hidemi , Demura Mikihide , Morisada Shintaro , Ohto Keisuke , Kawakita Hidetaka 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDewatering algal suspensions is an important step in the extraction of oil and other useful substances from algae. In this study, sphericalNannochloropsissp. and ellipsoidalMonoraphidiumsp. suspensions were dewatered in the presence of different amounts of 350‐nm magnetite particles using a microfiltration membrane with 360‐nm pores in cross‐flow mode. Magnetite functions as a filter aid by reducing the deformation of the cake of filtered algae on the membrane and providing paths for water to flow through the filtration cake of algae. In the case ofNannochloropsissp., the highest dewatering rate was obtained when the number ratio, defined based on the size and ideal density, betweenNannochloropsissp. and magnetite was 1:12.5, but the addition of magnetite had no observable effect on the filtration of ellipsoidalMonoraphidiumsp. suspensions through the membrane. After dewatering, magnetite was effectively separated from the concentrated algal suspension by the application of a magnetic field in an open flow system. Magnetite has the potential to enhance dewatering performance using a cross‐flow membrane system.
Submicrospherical and Porous Bi2S3 Protected by Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon for Practical Anode Fabrication of Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cao Zhang , Shao Jie , Wang Wei , Huang Weibo , Long Fu , Qu Qunting , Zheng Honghe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResearch on alloy‐type anode materials with micro/submicrospherical morphology is of great significance for the development of high energy‐density Li‐ion batteries. A facile and cost‐effective route is adopted to prepare homogeneous submicrospherical and porous Bi2S3@nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) nanocomposites, which exhibit considerably better Li‐storage performance than pure Bi2S3 and Bi2O3 submicrospheres. Analyses on the electrochemical behavior and morphology of the electrode show that the good performance of Bi2S3@NC can be correlated with its stable submicrospherical structure and decreased charge‐transfer resistance, for which the NC coating layer and porous interior of Bi2S3 are supposed to be the two main contributors. The submicrospherical structure and facile synthesis of Bi2S3@NC will be very suitable for practical electrode fabrication technology of Li‐ion batteries.
An adaptive replica placement approach for distributed key‐value stores
Authors: Costa Filho José S. , Cavalcante Denis M. , Moreira Leonardo O. , Machado Javam C. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe use of distributed key‐value stores (KVS) has experienced fast adoption by various applications in recent years due to key advantages such as hypertext transfer protocol‐based RESTful application programming interface, high availability and elasticity. Due to great scalability characteristics, KVS systems commonly use consistent hashing as data placement mechanism. Although KVS systems offer many advantages, they were not designed to dynamically adapt to changing workloads which often include data access skew. Furthermore, the underlying physical storage nodes may be heterogeneous and do not expose their performance capabilities to higher level data placement layers. In this paper, we address those issues and propose an essential step toward a dynamic autonomous solution by leveraging deep reinforcement learning. We design a self‐learning approach that incrementally changes the data placement, improving the load balancing. Our approach is dynamic in the sense that is capable of avoiding hot spots, that is, overloaded storage nodes when facing different workloads. Also, we design our solution to be pluggable. It assumes no previous knowledge of the storage nodes capabilities, thus different KVS deployments may make use of it. Our experiments show that our method performs well on changing workloads including data access skew aspects. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through experiments in a distributed KVS deployment.
Comparison of SOLPS5.0 and SOLPS‐ITER simulations for ASDEX upgrade L‐mode
Authors: Wu H. , Subba F. , Wischmeier M. , Zanino R. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the backward compatibility of SOLPS‐ITER with SOLPS5.0 and produces a basic test of the physics/numerics improvements/additions in SOLPS‐ITER recommended by developers, taking an ASDEX Upgrade L‐mode simulation as an example. SOLPS‐ITER, which is emerging as the most advanced tool for edge plasma modelling, can be instructed to mimic SOLPS5.0 physics/numerics. This allows producing a detailed comparison of the two codes, in a framework where they are expected to produce the similar results, thus raising the confidence in using SOLPS‐ITER to continue SOLPS5.0 simulations. Under such framework, SOLPS‐ITER results match well with those of SOLPS5.0. The remaining differences might be from the ion energy source, and a full benchmark activity is expected to solve this in the future. We then test the effect of the recommended physics/numerics introduced in SOLPS‐ITER with respect to the widely used SOLPS5.0. Only deuterium shots are considered as the basic test, where the recommended physics/numerics are simple and expected not to change the simulation results significantly. Electron density and temperature on divertor targets are the key metrics in this study, instead of particle fluxes and power load. Numerical simulations show that the effect of the recommended physics/numerics on the final solution results in only ∼5% differences in the outer mid‐plane and target profiles of electron density and temperature. An upstream density scan, covering the full range from attached to detached conditions, also produces closely matching results (∼10% differences). Thus, we believe that recommended physics/numerics do not introduce unwanted spurious effects and are confident about future modelling results of SOLPS‐ITER.
Analyse von Spannungen und Verformungen im Brüstungsbereich von Wandmodellen aus Porenbeton und Kalksandstein
Authors: Drobiec Łukasz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn dem vorliegenden Beitrag wurden Ergebnisse der Prüfungen von großformatigen Wandmodellen mit zwei Fensteröffnungen dargestellt. Wände aus Porenbeton und Kalksandstein wurden getestet. Die Wände wurden unter Verwendung von Dünnbettmörtel bei unvermörtelten Stoßfugen errichtet. Die Arbeit entspricht den zuvor durchgeführten Tests. Die Verifikation der Ergebnisse aus der Untersuchung kleinerer Modelle war das Ziel der Forschung [12, 13]. Spannungen und Verformungen der Modelle wurden analysiert und mit kleineren Modellen verglichen. Aufgrund der Analyse der Spannung‐Verformung‐Diagramme wurde ermittelt, dass die horizontale Spannung im Brüstungsbereich circa 0,2 MPa beträgt. Es wurden Berechnungen der geprüften Wände unter Anwendung eines Programms vorgenommen, das auf der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode basiert. Die Analyse der Ergebnisse von Laborprüfungen und numerischen Simulationen ermöglichte, das Niveau von Spannungen und Verformungen der geprüften Wände zu ermitteln.
Einbruchhemmung mit Mauerwerk aus Leichtbeton
Authors: Frank Alexander , Heinrichsberger Sandra , Kranzler Thomas , Küenzlen Jürgen H. R. , Sack Norbert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDie Produktpalette von Mauersteinen aus Leichtbeton weist sowohl schwere, hochfeste Steine für Innenwände, Haustrennwände sowie zweischalige und zusatzgedämmte (WDVS) Außenwände als auch leichte, hochwärmedämmende Steine für monolithische Außenwände auf. Während die Montage einbruchhemmender Bauelemente in Mauerwerk aus schweren, hochfesten Steinen aus Leichtbeton seit jeher in DIN EN 1627 bis hin zur Widerstandsklasse RC 6 geregelt ist, war die Montage in leichten, hochwärmedämmenden Steinen für monolithische Außenwände aus Leichtbeton bislang nicht abgedeckt. Aus diesem Grund wurden durch das ift Rosenheim Untersuchungen zur Einbruchhemmung von hochwärmedämmendem monolithischem Leichtbetonmauerwerk durchgeführt. Für übliches, 365 mm dickes und mit einem Leichtputz Typ I verputztes Leichtbetonmauerwerk der Steindruckfestigkeitsklasse 2 und der Rohdichteklasse 0,40 wurde die in Deutschland von der Polizei empfohlene Einbruchwiderstandsklasse RC 2 nachgewiesen. Die Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts mündeten in einem Vorschlag für die Ergänzung der Tabelle NA.2 des deutschen Nationalen Anhangs zu DIN EN 1627.
Bioactivation of lumiracoxib in human liver microsomes: Formation of GSH‐ and amino adducts through acyl glucuronide
Authors: Jiao Weijie , Zhao Xu , Wu Guiyue , Zhang Xiangyun , Wu Hong , Cui Yinglin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLumiracoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor, which has been reported to cause rare but severe liver injury. Considering that lumiracoxib has a carboxylic group in the molecule, glucuronidation to form acylglucuronide would be one of the possible mechanisms of lumiracoxib‐induced liver injury. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolites of lumiracoxib that were formed via acyl‐glucuronidation in human liver microsomes using glutathione (GSH) and N‐acetyl‐lysine (NAL) as trapping agents by liquid chromatography combined with high resolution mass spectrometry. The structures of the detected metabolites were identified by their accurate masses, fragment ions, and retention times. Under the current conditions, eight lumiracoxib associated metabolites were identified. With the presence of UDPGA, lumiracoxib was biotransformed into lumiracoxib‐1‐O‐acylglucuronide (M1) and 4′‐hydroxyl‐lumiracoxib‐1‐O‐acylglucuronide (M2), both of which were reactive and prone to react with GSH to form drug‐S‐acyl‐GSH adducts (M3 and M4) through transacylation. In addition to reaction with GSH, the formed 1‐O‐acylglucuronides were chemically unstable (T1/2 = 1.5 h in phosphate buffer) and rearranged to 2‐, 3‐, and/or 4‐isomers, which further underwent ring‐opening to form aldehyde derivatives and then reacted with NAL to yield Schiff base derivatives (M5–M8). The present study provides a clear bioactivation profile of lumiracoxib through acyl glucuronidation, which would be one of the mechanisms attributed to liver injury caused by lumiracoxib.
Different effects of mating group size as male and as female on sex allocation in a simultaneous hermaphrodite
Authors: Tamechika Masami M. , Matsuno Kohei , Wada Satoshi , Yusa Yoichi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSex allocation theory predicts that the optimal sexual resource allocation of simultaneous hermaphrodites is affected by mating group size (MGS). Although the original concept assumes that the MGS does not differ between male and female functions, the MGS in the male function (MGSm; i.e., the number of sperm recipients the focal individual can deliver its sperm to plus one) and that in the female function (MGSf; the number of sperm donors plus one) do not always coincide and may differently affect the optimal sex allocation. Moreover, reproductive costs can be split into “variable” (e.g., sperm and eggs) and “fixed” (e.g., genitalia) costs, but these have been seldom distinguished in empirical studies. We examined the effects of MGSm and MGSf on the fixed and variable reproductive investments in the sessilian barnacle Balanus rostratus. The results showed that MGSm had a positive effect on sex allocation, whereas MGSf had a nearly significant negative effect. Moreover, the “fixed” cost varied with body size and both aspects of MGS. We argue that the two aspects of MGS should be distinguished for organisms with unilateral mating.