bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical basis of erector spinae plane block: a dissection and histotopographic pilot study
Authors: Bonvicini Daniele , Boscolo-Berto Rafael , De Cassai Alessandro , Negrello Michele , Macchi Veronica , Tiberio Ivo , Boscolo Annalisa , De Caro Raffaele , Porzionato Andrea 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Erector spinae plane (ESP) block is an interfascial blockade used in different clinical scenarios. This study investigated the ventral extent of dye diffusion in ESP block.

Methods
The ultrasound-guided ESP block was bilaterally performed with an injection at the T5 vertebral level (21-Gauge, 50 mm needle), using diluted black tissue marking dye (20 mL; 1:4 ratio with standard saline solution) instead of local anesthetic on two fresh-frozen corpses within the body donation program of the University of Padova. Subsequently, the gross anatomical dissection was performed by a combined posterior plus anterior approach, and the histotopographic examination completed.

Results
Macroscopically by gross anatomical dissection, the dye spreading ranged on the dorsal side of the chest from T2/3 to T10/11 with an extension up to 10 cm laterally, and on the ventral side of the chest from T2/3–T9/10. Microscopically by histotopographic examination, the dye diffused ventrally to the intercostal spaces (2–3 and 5–6 spaces on the right and left, respectively) by following the blood vessels coupled to the dorsal nerve passing through the costotransverse foramen.

Conclusions
The anterior pathway of dye diffusion from the site of injection within the erector spinae muscle group during an ESP block seems to follow the blood vessels and dorsal rami of spinal nerves, suggesting the passing through the costotransverse foramen to reach the anterior paravertebral space and the intercostal nerves. These findings display an anterior histotopographic diffusion of dye resembling a paravertebral block.
Paraphyly of the genus Boehmeria (Urticaceae): a response to Liang et al. ‘Relationships among Chinese Boehmeria species and the evolution of various clade’
Authors: Monro Alexandre K. , Dodsworth Steven , Fu Long-Fei , Friis Ib , Wilmot-Dear Christine M. , Maurin Olivier 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBoehmeria, as currently circumscribed, comprises 52 species and has a pantropical distribution. Liang et al. propose a sectional classification of Boehmeria based on the phylogenetic analysis of SNP data for 20 species and an additional 10 subspecific taxa of these at the rank of variety or form. They restrict their sampling to species documented in China. We found many shortcomings in the sampling and analyses which we feel have resulted in a misleading phylogeny for the genus and the economically important fibre-plant, Boehmeria nivea. By sampling only Chinese species of this genus for their in-group and using a single distantly related outgroup, Liang et al. have failed to capture the diversity of the genus and so erroneously concluded that it forms a monophyletic group. Previous published research clearly demonstrates that Boehmeria is paraphyletic and polyphyletic, comprising at least four monophyletic groupings most closely related to several genera within the Boehmerieae. For these reasons, the sections that Liang et al. (Ind Crops Prod 148:112092, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112092) propose for Boehmeria are not effective tools for its classification. The important fibre-plant, Boehmeria nivea, should therefore not be considered as part of the genus Boehmeria for the purposes of crop breeding, but as sister to Archiboehmeria. Breeding programmes for ramie should therefore focus on populations and germplasm of Archiboehmeria atrata. We conclude that poor taxon sampling, overlooking relevant molecular and taxonomic literature, internal conflict within their SNP data and the overinterpretation of low support values has resulted in the erroneous conclusion that Boehmeria represents a monophyletic or ‘natural’ genus.
Surgical management of symptomatic cavum septum pellucidum cysts: systematic review of the literature
Authors: Simonin Alexandre , Lind Christopher R. P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCavum septum pellucidum (CSP) and cavum vergae (CV) cysts are commonly found incidentally. They are usually asymptomatic but may present with symptoms related to obstructive hydrocephalus. There is no consensus about the management of symptomatic CSP and CV cysts. We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first systematic review of the different treatment options for symptomatic CSP and CV cysts. We conducted a literature review using PubMed database, searching for cases of symptomatic CSP and CV cysts managed surgically, and published until April 2019. Preoperative characteristics, surgical procedure, and postoperative outcome were analyzed using SPSS® software (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, IBM®). We found 54 cases of symptomatic CSP and CV cysts managed surgically (34 males, 20 females, 1.7/1 male to female ratio). Mean age was 24.3 ± 20.1 years. The most common presentation was headaches (34 patients, 62%), followed by psychiatric symptoms (27 patients, 49.1%). Preoperative radiological hydrocephalus was present in 30 patients (54.5%). The most common surgical procedure was endoscopic fenestration (39 patients, 70.9%), followed by shunting (10 patients, 18.2%), open surgery (3 patients, 5.5%), and stereotactic fenestration (1 patient, 1.8%). Complete resolution of symptoms was achieved in 36 patients (65.5%) and partial resolution in 7 patients (12.7%), and symptoms were unchanged in 2 patients. The present review suggests that surgical treatment could provide resolution of the symptoms in most of the cases, regardless of the procedure performed. Although mean follow-up was short among the studies, recurrence rate was low.
Kopfschmerz bei Parietal- und Okzipitallappenepilepsien
Authors: Birk Denise , Noachtar Soheyl , Kaufmann Elisabeth 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungEpilepsiepatienten leiden überdurchschnittlich häufig unter Kopfschmerzen. Dies gilt insbesondere für Patienten mit idiopathisch generalisierten und parietookzipitalen Epilepsien. Die Häufigkeit des gemeinsamen Auftretens von Kopfschmerzen und Epilepsie überschreitet dabei die rechnerische Koinzidenz, sodass von einer Komorbidität beider Syndrome auszugehen ist. Bestärkt wird diese Hypothese durch überlappende genetische Veränderungen sowie gemeinsame pathophysiologische Mechanismen. Bis zu 62 % der Patienten mit z. B. Parietal- und Okzipitallappenepilepsie (POLE) geben Kopfschmerzen an. Diese treten v. a. nach dem Anfall (postiktal) auf und manifestieren sich am häufigsten als Migräne-ähnlicher Kopfschmerz oder Spannungskopfschmerz. Seltener kommt es zu Kopfschmerzen vor (periiktal), während (iktal) oder zwischen (interiktal) epileptischen Anfällen. Bei transienten neurologischen Ausfallsymptomen mit begleitenden Kopfschmerzen ist differenzialdiagnostisch neben der Migräne an vaskuläre Ereignisse wie Synkopen oder eine transiente ischämische Attacke zu denken.
Greedy weights for matroids
Authors: Johnsen Trygve , Verdure Hugues 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe introduce greedy weights of matroids, inspired by those for linear codes. We show that a Wei duality holds for two of these types of greedy weights for matroids. Moreover we show that in the cases where the matroids involved are associated to linear codes, our definitions coincide with those for codes. Thus our Wei duality is a generalization of that for linear codes given by Schaathun. In the last part of the paper we show how some important chains of cycles of the matroids appearing, correspond to chains of component maps of minimal resolutions of the independence complex of the corresponding matroids. We also relate properties of these resolutions to chainedness and greedy weights of the matroids, and in many cases codes, that appear.
Nutrient saturation of crop monocultures and agroforestry indicated by nutrient response efficiency
Authors: Schmidt Marcus , Corre Marife D. , Kim Bomin , Morley Julia , Göbel Leonie , Sharma Anuja S. I. , Setriuc Sînziana , Veldkamp Edzo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEfficient use of nutrients is a key requisite for a sustainable intensification of agriculture in order to meet the increasing global crop demand while minimizing deleterious environmental impacts. Agroforestry systems exhibit tree–crop interactions, which potentially contribute to nutrient-efficient agro-ecosystems. Our goal was to determine whether the conversion from cropland monocultures to alley-cropping agroforestry increases nutrient response efficiency (NRE), the ability of plants to convert available nutrients into biomass. We found that crop yield, plant-available nutrients and NRE were comparable between agroforestry and monocultures, but the trees in agroforestry had high NRE, contributing to nutrient retention of the agroforestry systems as a whole. The unimodal relationship of the crops’ NRE with plant-available nutrients suggests that NRE values were beyond optimum in both agroforestry and monoculture indicating nutrient saturation. This indicates that fertilizer inputs can be reduced (or optimized) without sacrificing crop yield or profit. Based on the NRE curves, we assessed that a reduction of plant-available N by 50% would lead to a decrease in crop yield by 17% and a concomitant increase in N response efficiency by 67%, whereas a similar reduction of plant-available P would lead to a decrease in crop yield by 8% with an increase in P response efficiency by 83%. An optimized fertilization to achieve such lower levels of plant-available nutrients will have beneficial effects on nutrient retention and redistribution. Optimizing fertilizer input will make alley-cropping agroforestry a productive and profitable agro-ecosystem that contributes to an ecologically sustainable agriculture.
Fabrication of 3D monolithic graphene foam/polycaprolactone porous nanocomposites for bioapplications
Authors: Bahremandi Tolou Neda , Salimijazi Hamidreza , Dikonimos Theodoros , Faggio Giuliana , Messina Giacomo , Tamburrano Alessio , Aurora Annalisa , Lisi Nicola 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the production of light, porous, conductive, biosafe composites, in this paper we are presenting a novel fabrication method for monolithic, three-dimensional (3D) graphene foam (GF)/porous polymer composites. The synthesis adopts a novel process architecture by using Ni foam templates in an inductive heating chemical vapor deposition growth process, and by removing Ni chemically while retaining graphene integrity by the reversible application of cyclododecane (CD); finally, nondestructive coating procedures with polycaprolactone (PCL) solutions have been developed. The composites can be optimized to enhance electrical conduction, flexibility and mechanical properties, while mixing PCL and CD allows to coat the GF with a novel mesoporous polymer coating. By tuning the GF properties, the typical electrical resistance of the 3D forms can be reduced to a few 10 s of Ohms, values that are maintained after the PCL coatings. The current study achieved a GF fraction ranging between 1 and 7.3 wt%, with even the lower graphene content composites showing acceptable electrical and mechanical properties. The properties of these conductive 3D-GF/PCL composites are in line with the requirements for applications in the field of nerve tissue engineering.

Graphical abstract
Fluorimetric Detection of Zn2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+ with 3-Hydroxy-4-Pyridylisoquinoline as Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Gomez Pinheiro Gabriel E. , Ihmels Heiko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe suitability of 3-hydroxy-4-pyridylisoquinoline to operate as fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of metal ions was investigated. For that purpose, the interactions of the title compound with selected metal ions were investigated by absorption and emission spectroscopy. The complexation of Zn2+, Fe2+, Mg2+ with 1:1 and 2:1 stoichiometry leads to characteristic optical responses that depend significantly on the employed solvents, thus allowing for the fluorimetric identification and detection of particular metal cations in a matrix-based pattern analysis or by fluorimetric titrations.
Graphical abstract
Team Semantics for Interventionist Counterfactuals: Observations vs. Interventions
Authors: Barbero Fausto , Sandu Gabriel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTeam semantics is a highly general framework for logics which describe dependencies and independencies among variables. Typically, the (in)dependencies considered in this context are properties of sets of configurations or data records. We show how team semantics can be further generalized to support languages for the discussion of interventionist counterfactuals and causal dependencies, such as those that arise in manipulationist theories of causation (Pearl, Hitchcock, Woodward, among others). We show that the “causal teams” we introduce in the present paper can be used for modelling some classical counterfactual scenarios which are not captured by the usual causal models. We then analyse the basic properties of our counterfactual languages and discuss extensively the differences with respect to the Lewisian tradition.
Static hedging of weather and price risks in electricity markets
Authors: Pantoja Robayo Javier , Vera Juan C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present the closed-form solution to the problem of hedging price and quantity risks for energy retailers (ER), using financial instruments based on electricity price and weather indexes. Our model considers an ER who is intermediary in a regulated electricity market. ERs buy a fixed quantity of electricity at a variable cost and must serve a variable demand at a fixed cost. Thus ERs are subject to both price and quantity risks. To hedge such risks, an ER could construct a portfolio of financial instruments based on price and weather indexes. We construct the closed form solution for the optimal portfolio for the mean-VaR model in the discrete setting. Our model does not make any distributional assumption.
Effects of Native AlN Particles on Heterogeneous Nucleation in an Al-3Fe Alloy
Authors: Que Zhongping , Mendis Chamini L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The naturally formed inclusions in an Al-3Fe alloy were investigated using a pressurized melt filtration technique. Naturally formed AlN particles with a rodlike morphology and a size distribution between 200 nm and 4 µm coexist with the native Al2O3 particles in the Al-3Fe alloy. These native AlN particles were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). A well-defined orientation relationship (OR) between AlN and α-Al was found from the AlN particle embedded in α-Al. A tilt angle of 5.8 deg was observed between {111}α-Al and {0001}AlN at the α-Al/AlN interface. The atomic matching for the α-Al/AlN interface was investigated by considering interfacial segregation on the AlN particles. The heterogeneous nucleation potency of the native AlN particles was investigated. Although these native AlN particles can nucleate the α-Al, the contribution is very small. This contribution reveals the heterogeneous nucleation of α-Al on the native AlN particles and the competitive relationship between the native Al2O3 and AlN as the nucleation substrates. The surface modification of the native AlN in Al alloys containing multiple alloy elements and the corresponding effects on the heterogeneous nucleation were preliminarily investigated.
Investing in climate solutions? An exploration of the discursive power and materiality of fossil fuel divestment campaigns in Scotland
Authors: Muncie Ella 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDivestment is a climate change initiative that aims to persuade institutions, businesses, and governments to remove their financial investments from fossil fuel industries and instead invest in zero-carbon climate solutions. It has, however, also been conceived as an ongoing gateway tactic to curb long-term climate change and simultaneously secure social and environmental justice. Divestment has attracted global attention and is currently employed by numerous universities, religious institutions, art galleries, museums, and national and local governments, in various countries, including Scotland. However academic analysis of the movement remains underdeveloped. This article addresses such absence by giving a voice to the motives, tactics, and rationales as expressed by campaigners themselves. It identifies the collective action frames constructed by Scottish fossil fuel divestment campaigns in order to facilitate mobilisation and alignment with other climate change movements. A key premise of this article is to also explore the power of such frames to motivate action and to assess the extent to which divestment campaign groups can impact government discourse and policy. As such the article concludes by considering whether and how far divestment frames and discourses may have come to inform the climate change policy of the devolved Scottish Government.
Interdisciplinary Diagnosis and Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage Due to a Meningeal Diverticulum: a Case Report
Authors: Trumm Christoph Gregor , Forbrig Robert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid leakage through meningeal diverticula represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge comparatively rarely encountered in the interdisciplinary management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Several false-positive CSF leakage signs may be observed during the imaging work-up of SIH. A 27-year-old female with orthostatic headache showing marked spinal epidural CSF collections and MRI signs of intracranial hypotension underwent a blind and CT-guided epidural blood patch (EBP) of a pathological T9/10 meningeal diverticulum (MD), detected by dynamic CT myelography (dCTM). After initial good imaging and symptomatic improvement, recurrent symptoms and a large left-sided subdural hematoma required neurosurgical MD ligation, with persisting clinical success. The following aspects of this brief report are remarkable: added value of dCTM to synchronously detect true CSF leakage and false-positive CSF leakage signs, near-complete resolution of spinal epidural CSF collections after CT fluoroscopy–guided EBP, interdisciplinary diagnosis, and definite management of CSF leakage through an anomalous MD.
Incidence and predictors of bacterial infections in febrile children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Alzahrani Fatma , Alaidarous Khadija , Alqarni Sarah , Alharbi Shaima 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder. The incidence of bacterial infection in children with SCD globally is 16% compared 3–14% in general children. Bacterial infection in children is a severe problem and is considered to be a life-threatening condition. To reduce antibiotic overuse, the following factors might be associated with bacterial infection could help: age, C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells (WBCs) count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and genotype. Therefore, this study is designed to evaluate the CRP, ANC, WBCs, and platelet count levels as predictors for bacterial infection in febrile children with sickle cell anemia over a six-year period in a tertiary center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
This study was a retrospective record review that included all SCD patients below the age of 18 years who presented with a febrile episode at any hospital's department from 2017 to 2019. Data were extracted from patient files that included culture result and the causative organism, CRP level, WBCs, ANC, and platelet count.

Results:
The study included 62 children diagnosed with SCD who presented with 89 febrile episodes. There was no statistically significant difference in the median of CRP and ANC between the bacterial and nonbacterial febrile episodes (P = .314, .735, respectively). However, the level of WBC> 20 K/μL was statistically significant at P = .025.

Conclusion:
WBCs significantly associated with a bacterial infection in SCD febrile children along with clinical assessments. This parameter can guide the physicians to determine the children at high risk of bacterial infection.
Early Graft Loss after Deceased-Donor Kidney Transplantation: What Are the Consequences?
Authors: Swinarska Joanna T. , Stratta Robert J. , Rogers Jeffrey , Chang Amy , Farney Alan C. , Orlando Giuseppe , Reeves-Daniel Amber , Gurram Venkat , Gautreaux Michael D. , Jay Colleen L. 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:
Decreasing kidney discards continues to be of paramount importance for improving organ transplant access, but transplantation of nonideal deceased donor kidneys may have higher inherent risks of early graft loss (EGL). Patients with EGL (defined as graft failure within 90 days after transplant) are allowed reinstatement of waiting time according to United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) policy. The purpose of this study was to examine outcomes for patients experiencing EGL.

STUDY DESIGN:
We performed a single center retrospective review of adult deceased donor kidney transplant (DDKT)-alone recipients from 2001 to 2018, comparing those with EGL (including primary nonfunction [PNF]) to those without.

RESULTS:
EGL occurred in 103 (5.5%) of 1,868 patients, including 57 (55%) PNF, 25 (24%) deaths, 16 (16%) thrombosis, 3 (3%) rejection, and 2 (2%) disease recurrence. Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) > 85% and donation after circulatory death (DCD) DDKTs did not increase risk of either EGL or PNF unless combined with prolonged cold ischemic time (CIT). For KDPI >85% with CIT >24 hours, the risk of EGL or PNF was tripled (EGL odds ratio [OR] 2.9, 95% CI 1.6–5.2; PNF OR3.6, 95% CI1.7–7.7). For DCD with CIT > 24 hours, increased risks were likewise seen for EGL (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3–4.3), and PNF (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.5–7). One-year and 5-year patient survival rates were 60% and 50% after EGL, 80% and 73% after PNF, and 99% and 87% for controls, respectively. Only 24% of either EGL or PNF patients underwent retransplantation.

CONCLUSIONS:
EGL and PNF were associated with low retransplantation rates and inferior patient survival. Prolonged CIT compounds risks associated with KDPI > 85% and DCD donor kidneys. Therefore, policies promoting rapid allocation and increased local use of these kidneys should be considered.