bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stratégies épistolaires et réforme grégorienne : le cas de l’Italie méridionale normande
Authors: Peters-Custot Annick 
Published: August 2020

Inspirée par les études sur la réception de la réforme pontificale dans les zones périphériques de la chrétienté romaine, cette contribution s’interroge sur les moyens dont disposaient les papes pour asséner le discours réformateur dans l’Italie méridionale tout juste conquise par les « Normands », et en particulier en Pouille et en Calabre, des zones où le souverain avait une autorité directe. On met en lumière l’intérêt des papes pour ces régions, mais aussi les difficultés d’y accéder, du moins dans de longues périodes des xi e et xii e siècles, en raison du statut ecclésiastique du comte, puis du roi « normand ». La question des stratégies épistolaires est donc évaluée comme moyen supplétif de l’action pontificale. Elles apparaissent dès que le pape en a la possibilité, mais ne paraissent pas refléter de réseaux constitués et établis sur le long terme, non en raison d’une quelconque hostilité à l’égard de la réforme, mais probablement parce que les discours pontificaux n’avaient guère d’objet.
Comparison of Methods for Determining the AC/A Ratio in Accommodative Esotropia
Authors: Havertape Susan A , Cruz Oscar A , Miyazaki Emily A 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Purpose: The two most commonly used clinical methods of determining a high AC/A ratio are: 1 ) the grathent method, and 2) the distance/near disparity method. Significant differences can be found not only between these two methods, but also in the different techniques for the grathent method alone. The purpose of our study is to compare the grathent method using +3.00 lenses for near and-3.00 lenses for distance, and the distance/near disparity method.
Methods: Patients examined over a 2-year period (1995-1997) with a high AC/A ratio esotropia according to the distance/near disparity were grouped according to level of high AC/A ratio, then prospectively measured by the grathent method (using plus lenses for near and minus lenses for distance). All measurements were performed with full spectacle correction in place according to cycloplegic refraction, and with fixation on an accommodative target.
Results: Forty-five patients were included. Using both plus and minus lenses, a high AC/A ratio by the grathent method was found in 16 (36%) patients, (2 [1 2%] with a grade 1 ; 7 [44%] with a grade 2; and 7 [44%] with a grade 3, by the distance/near disparity method), a normal ratio was found in 6 (13%), and no patient had a low ratio. Twenty-three patients fell into a different category of AC/A ratio using plus lenses for near compared with minus lenses for distance.
Conclusions: The distance/near disparity method appears to diagnose a high AC/A ratio much more frequently than the grathent method. There was some variability in the AC/A ratio with plus versus minus lenses when the grathent method was used. Further study using the grathent method in patients without a significant distance/near disparity is required.
Journal of Pediatrie Ophthalmology and Strabismus 1999;36:178-183.
The diagnostic and prognostic utility of insulin growth factor of squamous cell carcinoma in oral cavity
Authors: Tiwari Sumit Kumar , Saini Shakuntala , Singhal Pawan , Mathur Ashwin , Sinha Maheep 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
The present study was conducted to find the utility of insulin growth factors (IGFs) as diagnostic and prognostic biochemical parameters in patients suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 360 male and female patients diagnosed with precancerous conditions (PCC) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of Stage I to IV were selected for the present study. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to ascertain their demographic and medical history. After completing the history and physical examination, patients were subjected to routine blood investigations along with determining insulin growth factor (IGF-1, IGFBP-3) levels. The data obtained were then subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 20.0 version.

Results:
The mean values of IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and ratio of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were obtained. The intergroup comparison was done between PCC and all the stages of OSCC for all the IGFs. The result obtained was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The present study concluded that a positive correlation was observed for various insulin growth factors (IGF-1, IGFBP-3; and ratio of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3) between OSCC and PCC such as erythroplakia and oral submucous fibrosis. Thus, the study highlighted the use of IGFs as diagnostic and prognostic parameters in patients suffering from cancerous conditions.
Legal Aid System in India and Nepal: An Overview
Authors: Singh T .P. , Vandana Parihar 
Published: August 2020

Through this Article, an effort is made to understand the existing legal aid system of concerned countries, i.e. India and Nepal. The Constitution of India and the Interim Constitution of Nepal are the sources of social justice and the aim and objective of this Article is to draw focus on them. Both the countries have changed their domestic law to harmonize with international covenants. The co-relation between human rights and the fundamental rights is necessary to a proper social justice. This article assesses the legal aid system of India and Nepal. Legal Aid Act 1997 of Nepal and Legal Service Authority Act 1987 of India are functioning in the forefront but the soul lies in the Constitution of the respective countries. The article presents comparative legal view on the systems. Likewise, the article attempts to find out the strength and weakness of the Legal Aid System and solutions to overcome the shortcoming of the system.
Perilaku Pemilih di Kecamatan Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan dalam Pemilihan Gubernur/Wakil Gubernur DKI Jakarta Tahun 2017
Authors: Emka Odeles Kirawan 
Published: August 2020

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pemilihan Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur DKI Jakarta tahun 2017 lalu, sebagaimana diketahui telah memunculkan pasangan Anies-Sandi sebagai pemenangnya dan sah memimpin DKI Jakarta sampai dengan tahun 2022. Pasangan Anies-Sandi unggul atas pasangan Ahok-Djarot yang sebelumnya memimpin DKI Jakarta. Peristiwa politik tersebut secara nyata telah menimbulkan dinamika politik yang sangat tinggi. Namun demikian perlu kiranya untuk melihat perilaku pemilih terkait dengan Pilkada DKI Jakarta 2017 yang tersebut. Dalam penulisan ini akan di lihat perilaku pemilih di Wilayah Kecamatan Jagakarsa. Perilaku pemilih ini akan diihat dari pendekatan sosiologis, psikologis dan pilihan rasional.</p><p> </p><p>Kata Kunci : Pilkada DKI Jakarta 2017, Perilaku Pemilih, Demokrasi</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The election of the Governor and Deputy Governor of DKI Jakarta in 2017, as is known, has raised the Anies-Sandi pair as the winner and is legitimate to lead DKI Jakarta until 2022. The Anies-Sandi pair is superior to the Ahok-Djarot pair who previously led DKI Jakarta. These political events have significantly led to very high political dynamics. However, it is necessary to look at voter behavior related to the 2017 DKI Jakarta Regional Election. In this paper we will look at voter behavior in the Jagakarsa District Area. This voter behavior will be seen from a sociological, psychological and rational choice approach.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Keywords: 2017 DKI Jakarta Election, Voter Behavior, Democracy</em></p>
Makna Penting Keberadaan Komunitas Politik keamanan Asean Dalam Menyelesaikan Konflik Kawasan
Authors: Saragih Hendra , Yani Yanyan M 
Published: August 2020

<p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p> This paper seeks to emphasize that ASEAN's strategic position in the Southeast Asian region, which has never used military and armed forces in resolving conflicts between members of ASEAN or outside ASEAN Members and this is ASEAN's greatest achievement in regulating peaceful interactions within the region. The development and formation of the ASEAN security posture in the form of a Security Political Community are certainly expected to play a large role in the framework of becoming the forefront of ASEAN in the effort to improve relations that have been torn apart by the conflict and to re-knit it to be more peaceful and set an example for other regions.</p><p>Keywords: Regional Security, Effectiveness, region, Conflict</p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Makalah ini berupaya menegaskan bahwa posisi strategis ASEAN di kawasan Asia Tenggara yang tidak pernah menggunakan kekuatan militer dan bersenjata dalam menyelesaikan konflik baik antar sesama anggota ASEAN ataupun di luar Anggota ASEAN dan ini merupakan prestasi terbesar ASEAN dalam mengatur interaksi damai di dalam kawasan. Pembangunan dan pembentukan postur keamanan ASEAN yang berbentuk Komunitas Politik keamanan tentunya diharapkan akan banyak berperan dalam rangka menjadi garda terdepan ASEAN dalam upaya memperbaiki relasi-relasi yang sudah tercabik akibat konflik yang pernah terjadi dan merajutnya kembali agar lebih damai dan menjadi contoh bagi kawasan lainnya.</p>Kata Kunci : Keamanan Regional,Efektifitas,kawasan,Konflik
Studi Persuasi: Analisis Terhadap Kampanye Kementerian Kesehatan “Cegah, Obati, Lawan Diabetes” Melalui YouTube
Authors: Permatasari Yunita , Bernadette Sophia , Kusumawardhana Indra 
Published: August 2020

<p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>This article carries out an in-depth analysis of the campaign activity "Prevent, Treat, Fight Diabetes" uploaded by the Ministry of Health on YouTube as a form of government efforts in carrying out a persuasion of the public. Weighing efforts to strengthen public awareness of the prevention of the disease. The main question that will be asked is how can the persuasion efforts of the Ministry of Health through the "Prevent, Treat, Fight Diabetes" Campaign uploaded on YouTube affect the recipients of the message being communicated? To answer this question, this article uses the Elaboration Likelihood Model persuasion analysis model popularized by Richard E Petty and John T Cacioppo. Using qualitative research methods that use descriptive analysis and in-depth interviews, the results of this study are expected to be able to provide a comprehensive picture of the government's efforts to persuade people in certain goals.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Persuasi, Pemerintah, Kampanye, Diabetes Mellitus, YouTube</p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Artikel ini melakukan analisis mendalam terhadap aktifitas kampanye “Cegah, Obati, Lawan Diabetes” yang diunggah oleh Kementerian Kesehatan di YouTube sebagai suatu wujud upaya pemerintah dalam melakukan suatu persuasi terhadap masyarakat. Menimbang upaya untuk menguatkan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pencegahan penyakit tersebut. Pertanyaan utama yang akan diajukan adalah bagaimana upaya persuasi Kementerian Kesehatan melalui Kampanye “Cegah, Obati, Lawan Diabetes”yang diunggah di YouTube dapat memengaruhi penerima pesan yang dikomunikasikan? Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, artikel ini menggunakan model analisis persuasi <em>Elaboration Likelihood Model</em> yang dipopulerkan oleh Richard E Petty dan John T Cacioppo. Menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan <em>in depth interview</em>, Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan mampu memberikan gambaran komprehensif dari upaya pemerintah dalam melakukan persuasi terhadap masyrakat dalam tujuan-tujuan tertentu.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Persuasi, Pemerintah, Kampanye, Diabetes Mellitus, YouTube</p>
WATER: ISLAM NORMS AND SCIENCES
Authors: Kamil Iksan Sahri 
Published: August 2020

Classic Moslem scholars discussed the water on starting chapters in their books. It is shown how important the water in Moslems attention as a basic need that Moslem must know. The water in Islam can be disputed in two terms. First, in the ecology perspective, second, in the mahdhah ritual perspective. In the first one, the concept imagines the water as a basic condition for life being and human as khalifah Allah fi al-Ardh. This contains ecology perspective. And the other one is for ritual condition in Islam ethic (ilm al-fiqh). Ilm al-fiqh or Islam ethic said that the water is a basic material for removing hadath (forbidden situation for taking Islamic mahdhah ritual) and cleaning najasat (the dirty materials in shariah perspective). In other hand, sciences make a new way to understand Al-quran and al-sunnah as a new interpretation of Al-quran specially in nature and all creations in universe and ritual activity in sciences prespective
Seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected people at a university hospital, Turkey
Authors: Can Bilek Heval , Deveci Aydın , Aksakal Tanyel Esra 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionInfections such as viral hepatitis and syphilis that share similar transmission routes with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may adversely affect the course of the disease. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of viral hepatitis and syphilis among HIV-infected people at the initial stage of diagnosis.Material and methodsThe medical records of 336 HIV-infected people aged 18 years and older, who were followed up between 2005 and 2018 at a university hospital in Samsun, Turkey, were evaluated retrospectively in terms of initial serological markers for viral hepatitis and syphilis.ResultsHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was positive in 13 (4.2%) of 303 patients, antibody to HBs antigen (anti-HBs) in 117 (39.2%) of 298 patients, antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in 3 (0.9%) of 301 patients, total antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc total) in 70 (29.2%) of 239 patients and total antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV total) in 224 (84.5%) of 265 patients. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected in one (12.5%) of eight patients with isolated anti-HBc. Of 224 patients who were examined for syphilis, 34 (15.1%) were positive for Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA).ConclusionsIn our study, high seroprevalence of syphilis and low immunity to HBV were detected. Health care facilities that follow up HIV-infected people should determine the serological profiles initially once the patients are diagnosed. It should be kept in mind that due to behavioral risk factors among HIV-infected people prevalence of coinfections may be higher than the rate in the community.
PRMT5, regulated by lncRNA ZFAS1/miR-150-5p, promoted androgen-independent prostate cancer migration and invasion
Authors: Shen Hao , Wang Lei , Zhang Ling , Weng Xiao-Dong , Yang Du , Liu Xiu-Heng 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionProstate cancer (PCa) is the most common male genitourinary malignancy in the world. The protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is one of the main members of the type II PRMT family, which was reported to regulate androgen-dependent PCa cell proliferation. However, the upstream regulators of PRMT5 and its effects on androgen-independent PCa metastasis remained unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether PRMT5 could be a novel diagnostic marker and be used as a therapeutic target in PCa, to explore the possible molecular mechanism, and to understand the clinical importance of PRMT5 in PCa.Material and methodsThe present study evaluated PRMT5 expression levels in PCa and normal prostate samples using public datasets, including TCGA, GEPIA and GSE21032. Furthermore, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometer assay, and transwell assay were conducted to detect the roles of PRMT5. Luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the relationship among ZFAS1/miR-150-5p/PRMT5.ResultsOur results showed that PRMT5 was overexpressed in PCa samples. PRMT5 significantly promoted androgen-dependent PCa proliferation and cell cycle progression and suppressed cell apoptosis. However, PRMT5 did not affect androgen-independent PCa proliferation but it could significantly induce androgen-independent PCa metastasis. Knockdown of PRMT5 suppressed, whereas overexpression of PRMT5 induced, cell migration and invasion in androgen-independent DU145 and PC-3 cells. Moreover, our results showed that the ZFAS1/miR-150-5p axis regulated PRMT5 expression in PCa cells. Furthermore, the study showed that ZFAS1 and PRMT5 were overexpressed and miR-150-5p was down-regulated in PCa samples. Higher expression levels of ZFAS1 and PRMT5 were correlated with shorter disease-free survival time in PCa patients.ConclusionsThese results showed that PRMT5 may be a therapeutic target for PCa.
Polyether antibiotics K-41A and K-41Am inhibit
HIV-1 replication via suppressing the activities of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and integrase
Authors: Liu Xin , Chu Jiemei , Gui Chun , Liao Weibo , Qin Fengxiang , Hu Xi , Liang Bingyu , Jiang Junjun , Huang Jiegang , Ning Chuanyi , Chen Jiang , Ju Jianhua , Lai Jingzhen , Liu Jie , Zhou Bo , Ye Li , Liang Hao 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionK-41A is a known compound with antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria and coccidia. In our screening of anti-HIV compounds, we found polyether antibiotic K-41A and its analogue K-41Am isolated from a marine-derived Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 01680 exhibited anti-HIV activity.Material and methodsIn this study, we characterised the anti-HIV activity of K-41A and K-41Am as well as the mechanism(s) involved. The dose-dependent inhibitory effects of K-41A and K-41Am on HIV-1 replication were observed in the TZM-bl-HIV-1IIIB system, MT-2-HIV-1IIIB system, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)-HIV-1BaL system. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of K-41A on HIV-1 replication in three systems were 0.75 µM, 0.09 µM, and 0.13 µM, respectively, and the selective indexes (SIs) were 5.81, 49.44, and 598.00, respectively. The IC50 of K-41Am in three systems were 5.57 µM, 0.24 µM, and 1.15 µM, respectively, and the SIs were > 1.04, 80.71, and > 5.03, respectively.ResultsMechanism research demonstrates that two compounds inhibited the activities of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular docking shows that the docking scores were relatively high between the compound and HIV-1 RT or IN.ConclusionsK-41A and K-41Am possess anti-HIV-1 activity via a multi-target inhibition mechanism, which provides a novel molecular pattern for anti-HIV drug design and structural modification to improve the anti-HIV activity.
Evaluation of plantar fascia using high-resolution ultrasonography
in clinically diagnosed cases of plantar fasciitis
Authors: Aggarwal Purnima , Jirankali Vivek , Garg Sudhir K. 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of high-resolution ultrasonography in the assessment of plantar fascia in individuals with heel pain, before and after treatment.Material and methodsThis study was conducted from 2016 to 2019, during which time 44 clinically diagnosed patients of plantar fasciitis were compared to 50 normal volunteers. There were 25 males and 25 females in the control group and 42 females and two males in the study group. Thirty-eight patients had unilateral disease, and six patients had bilateral disease. The thickness of the plantar fascia was measured just anterior to its calcaneal attachment using ultrasonography. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated in both groups.ResultsThe plantar fascia was 2-4 mm thick in the control group whereas it was > 4 mm thick in 48 heels in the study group. With cut-off of > 4 mm as diagnostic of plantar fasciitis, this study had a sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 98%. BMI was increased in 60% of female patients. All patients were treated with local infiltration of corticosteroid. In 37/42 patients (43 heels) who had improved clinically, the thickness of plantar fascia was reduced to < 4 mm when assessed after six weeks of corticosteroid injection.ConclusionsDiagnosis of plantar fasciitis can be easily verified by ultrasonography with plantar fascia thickness > 4 mm being suggestive of plantar fasciitis. Ultrasound can also be used to evaluate treatment response. Ultrasono­graphy helps the clinician in confirming the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis and also in assessing the response to treatment.
Effects of robot-assisted gait training with active motion visual feedback induced by guidance force on walking speed in patients with chronic stroke: a pilot study
Authors: Yoon Mu-Hong , Oh Duck-Won 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionThis study aimed to determine the effects of robot-assisted gait training with active movement visual feedback induced by guidance force on walking speed in patients with chronic stroke.MethodsA single-subject reversal (A-B) design was applied. overall, 3 patients with chronic stroke underwent robot-assisted gait training with visual feedback displaying active motion of the affected lower limb during the intervention phase. Walking function was measured by using the 10-m walk test (10MWT) and peak knee flexion angle (PKFA) during walking.Resultsduring the intervention phase, the 10MWT score of subjects 1, 2, and 3 improved by 23.95%, 30.95%, and 43.71%, respectively, and the PKFA improved by 8.41%, 15.92%, and 32.25%, respectively. The walking speed and PKFA in all subjects after the training showed improvement when compared with the baseline phase (<i>p</i> < 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that robot-assisted gait training with active motion visual feedback and guidance force may be clinically helpful to improve walking recovery after stroke.