bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased low-frequency brain effective connectivity in seafarers during voyages: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Bu Lingguo , Xu Ning , Wang Yonghui , Liu Heshan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective: During voyages, seafarers experience psychological problems that act to decrease operational safety. Psychological problems in seafarers can lead to changes in functional brain networks. This study investigated the low-frequency brain effective connectivity (EC) in seafarers during voyages by using the coupling strength (CS) of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) imaging. Approach: This study recruited 15 seafarers (seafarer group) working on a container ship and 15 healthy age-matched controls (control group). The EC was assessed using dynamic Bayesian inference (DBI) of the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (delta HbO2) as measured through a 14-channel fNIRS system. These channels covered the left and right prefrontal cortices (LPFC/RPFC), left and right motor cortices (LMC/RMC), and left and right occipital lobes (LOL/ROL). Main results: The EC levels of LPFC to RMC (F = 4.239, p = 0.049), LPFC to ROL (F = 5.385, p = 0.028), LOL to RPFC (F = 11.128, p = 0.002), ROL to RPFC (F = 10.714, p = 0.003) and LMC to ROL (F= 6.136, p = 0.02) were significantly lower in the seafarer group than in the control group. Correlation analysis revealed that the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores were positively correlated with the systolic blood pressure (SBP) values, delta HbO2 values and EC levels, respectively. Meanwhile, the correlation analysis revealed that the SBP values significantly positively correlated with the CS values. Significance: Decreased EC levels may be a marker of psychological subhealth in seafarers. The approach combines fNIRS and PHQ-9 scores, providing a quantitative method for the assessment of mental health problems and further help with better rehabilitation designs in seafarers during voyages.
Learning how structures form in drift-wave turbulence
Authors: Heinonen R A , Diamond P H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Drift-wave turbulence produces anomalous transport via cross-correlations between fluctuations. This transport has profound implications for confinement, structure formation, and virtually all aspects of the non-linear turbulent dynamics. In this work, we use a data-driven method based on deep learning in order to study turbulent transport in the 2D Hasegawa–Wakatani system and infer a reduced mean-field model from numerical solution. In addition to the usual turbulent diffusion, we find an effect which couples the particle flux to the local gradient of vorticity, which tends to modulate the density profile. The direct coupling to the shear is relatively weak. In addition, the deep learning method finds a model for spontaneous zonal flow generation by negative viscosity, stabilized by non-linear and hyperviscous terms. We compare these results to analytic calculations using quasilinear theory and wave kinetics, finding qualitative agreement, though the calculations miss certain higher-order effects. A simplified, 1-D model for the evolution of the profile, flow, and intensity based on the deep learning results is solved numerically and compared to previous models for staircasing based on bistability. We see that the physics uncovered by the deep learning method provided simple explanations for the formation of zonal structures in the density, flow, and turbulence fields. We highlight the important role of symmetry in the deep learning method and speculate on the portability of the method to other applications.
Vibrational quenching by water in a CO2 glow discharge measured using quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Damen M A , Martini L M , Engeln R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

In situ quantum cascade laser (QCL) absorption spectroscopy is used to investigate the effect of admixed water in a pulsed CO2 glow discharge on the vibrational excitation of CO2 and CO and the conversion of CO2. Time-resolved transmittance spectra of the non-equilibrium CO2 plasma are measured with a 100 μs time resolution. A custom fitting routine is used to extract the time evolution of the gas temperature, rotational temperature and vibrational temperatures of CO2 and CO, while the CO2 conversion is determined from measured CO2 and CO number densities. Rotational Raman scattering is additionally performed in the centre of the reactor to verify measured rotational and vibrational temperatures from line-of-sight absorption spectroscopy. The plasma is operated at 6.7 mbar, with up to 10% water admixed, and is pulsed with a 5–10 ms on-off cycle, with a current of 50 mA supplied during the plasma on-time. Vibrational temperatures and CO2 conversion are not significantly affected by water admixtures below 0.5%. However, the asymmetric stretch temperature of CO2 (T
3) shows considerable quenching upon admixing 10% water vapour, with the maximum elevation above the rotational temperature (T
rot) decreasing from 580 ± 86 K to 230 ± 63 K. For the vibrational temperature of CO (T
CO), a similar trend is measured. However, the slopes of T
3 and T
CO within the first few hundred μs after the start of the plasma remain unchanged, even when admixing 10% water vapour, suggesting equal excitation of the vibrational modes through e–V and V–V interactions. The conversion decreases by almost a factor of 4 when admixing 10% water. We argue that vibrational quenching of CO2 by water can explain part of the decrease. Changes in electron density and temperature and reactions between CO and OH can also play a role.
Organic photodiodes for near-infrared light detection
Authors: Qin Mingcong , Li Qingyuan , Guo Yunlong , Liu Yunqi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
High-sensitivity near-infrared organic photodetectors (NIR OPDs) have bright application prospects in the fields of optical communication, surveillance, chemical/biological detection and so on. In this review, we summarize recent works on NIR organic photodiodes and detail four main strategies: binary bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) with fullerene derivatives, binary BHJs with non-fullerene acceptors, ternary BHJs and a special kind of OPDs—visible blind NIR selective OPDs. Finally, based on the current development and challenges, we put forward the perspectives in this field.
Nanostructural evolution of intermediate grown superconducting joint layers between GdBa2Cu3Oy coated conductors
Authors: Kato Takeharu , Yoshida Ryuji , Yokoe Daisaku , Ohki Kotaro , Nagaishi Tatsuoki , Yanagisawa Yoshinori , Hirayama Tsukasa , Ikuhara Yuichi , Maeda Hideaki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We have fabricated GdBa2Cu3Oy (GdBCO) jointed coated conductors (CCs) using a method in which intermediate grown superconductive (iGS) layers of (Y,Gd)Ba2Cu3Oy ((Y,Gd)BCO) are formed from an YBa2Cu3Oy precursor material to investigate their growth mechanism in the superconducting joint. We characterized the nanostructural evolution of the iGS layers by in-plane x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The iGS layers contained Gd elements and were mainly composed of (Y,Gd)BCO grains. The c-axis oriented (Y,Gd)BCO grains nucleated on the GdBCO layers of both a joining strap and a CC. The thickness of the c-axis oriented (Y,Gd)BCO grains grew with time during the joining process at 800 °C, and finally both of the GdBCO layers were jointed together by the c-axis oriented (Y,Gd)BCO grains, resulting in a well-defined superconducting joint.
Quantifying coherence of quantum measurements
Authors: Baek Kyunghyun , Sohbi Adel , Lee Jaehak , Kim Jaewan , Nha Hyunchul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this work we investigate how to quantify the coherence of quantum measurements. First, we establish a resource theoretical framework to address the coherence of measurement and show that any statistical distance can be adopted to define a coherence monotone of measurement. For instance, the relative entropy fulfills all the required properties as a proper monotone. We specifically introduce a coherence monotone of measurement in terms of off-diagonal elements of positive-operator-valued measure components. This quantification provides a lower bound on the robustness of measurement-coherence that has an operational meaning as the maximal advantage over all incoherent measurements in state discrimination tasks. Finally, we propose an experimental scheme to assess our quantification of measurement-coherence and demonstrate it by performing an experiment using a single qubit on IBM Q processor.
Cabya (Piper retrofractum Vahl) fruit under open sun drying: drying behavior and modeling of thin layer drying kinetics
Authors: Hawa L C , Ubaidillah Ubaidillah , Afifah F N , Yosika N I W , Nurlaily A , Maharani D M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cabya (Piper retrofractum Vahl) fruit is one of Piper species, which indigenously grown in East Java Province, Indonesia, has huge utilizations but lacks postharvest processing investigation. The present study aimed to quantify moisture removal characteristic as well as to determine thin layer drying kinetics model, which represent the drying behavior of cabya fruit under open sun drying. The effect of blanching pre-treatment on the drying behavior of cabya fruit was also evaluated. The cabya fruit at the red edible maturity stage with 68.57±2.20% (wb) of average moisture content were used as raw material. The moisture content, drying rate, and moisture ratio during drying (18 and 24 h in three and four days) were measured and calculated. The calculated moisture ratio data were fitted to the twelve commonly used thin drying kinetics models. The results indicated that blanching pre-treatment affected greatly on drying behavior, i.e., final moisture content, drying rate, and drying kinetics. From all twelve drying kinetics models investigated, Midilli et al. model is found as the best one to depict cabya fruit drying kinetics in both blanching treated and untreated, based on its coefficient of correlation (R), root mean square error (RMSE) and reduced chi-square (χ
2).
Drying kinetics and anticoagulant activity of microwave-vacuum, dehumidified-air and freeze-dried african night crawler (Eudrilus eugeniae kinberg)
Authors: Fortu A F , Lozada E P , Peralta E K , Yaptenco K F , Suministrado D C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this study, the drying kinetics and anticoagulant activity of dried earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae were compared using microwave-vacuum, dehumidified-air, and freeze-drying. Data showed that microwave-vacuum and dehumidified-air drying methods have relatively short drying time, higher drying rate, and have low operational cost compared with freeze-drying. The Two-term, Midilli, and Diffusion models fit the best in describing drying kinetics under microwave-vacuum, dehumidified-air, and freeze-drying, respectively. The water activity of the dried sample was in the acceptable value for safe storage through the dehumidified-air dried sample was in the critical range. Proximate analysis showed that dried earthworms have high protein content ranging from 60 to 70 percent of its total dry weight. The anticoagulant assay showed that fresh earthworm is potent as heparin showing no coagulation. Microwave-vacuum dried earthworm exhibited the strongest anticoagulant activity compared with other drying methods though weaker than the fresh sample. This study suggests that earthworms have anticoagulant activity, and microwave-vacuum and dehumidified-air drying could be an alternative method for drying the heat-sensitive sample.
Non-destructive determination of the main chemical components of red dragon fruit peel flour by using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS)
Authors: Hotmaida Y , Sutrisno  
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Red dragon fruit peel is still not optimally utilized and only becomes waste. According to previous research, it is known that red dragon fruit peel contains 72.1% carbohydrate, 0.7% fat, 3.2% protein, and 46.7% food fiber and contains betacyanin of 186.90 mg / 100g dry weight and 53.71% antioxidant. One of the solutions to use red dragon fruit peel is to process it into flour. The accurate and efficient determination of the chemical content of red dragon fruit peel flour can be realized through the development of the Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) technology. The sample that used was made directly from the waste of red dragon fruit peel with a process of flouring, then measured the spectra with NIRS and the chemical content of the sample destructively. The reflectance spectra as output were transformed into absorbance spectra. Data calibration uses a partial least squares (PLS) method with several variations in the number of factors and pretreatment data in the form of normalization and smoothing Savitzky-Golay smoothing (SGs), resulting in the best calibration regression model in estimating water, ash, carbohydrate, and protein content. In contrast, the estimation of fat cannot be done non-destructively by using the NIRS method.
Extraction and characteristic of Dioscorea alata mucilage
Authors: Fortuna D , Mardjan S S , Sunarti T C , Darmawati E , Widayati S M , Purwanti N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Dioscorea alata (DA) mucilage is classified as water-soluble polysaccharides, which has potential as a source of hydrocolloid. This research was conducted to investigate effects of salt types on water to tuber ratio to produce the most optimal mucilage yield. This research was conducted using Completely Randomized Factorial Design 3 x 5. The DA mucilage was extracted using two factors, i.e., types of salt (without salt, sodium chloride, and calcium chloride) and water to tuber ratios (2:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, and 10:1). The results showed that the types of salt significantly affect (P<0.05) on starch content, but did not have a significant effect on mucilage yield and water content of the mucilage. The water to tuber ratios significantly affected (p<0.05) the mucilage yield and starch content of the mucilage, however it did not affect the water content. Addition of calcium chloride when water to tuber ratio was 4:1 was recommended to produce the optimal mucilage yield (1.58%) with relatively low starch content (7.86%).
The effect of degreening on antioxidants of tangerine cv. Batu-55
Authors: Kailaku S I , Nurjanah R , Jamal I B , Broto W 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture has selected several superior citrus cultivars to be widely cultivated, one of which is tangerine cv. Batu-55 (Citrus reticulata). The shortcoming of this cultivar is its green colour when harvested, causing low attraction and selling price. Degreening is a common method practiced by farmers and traders to promote colour development in citrus. However, concerns on the effect of degreening methods on the internal quality of the fruit had arisen. The objective of this research was to study the effect of degreening treatment on the antioxidants of tangerine cv. Batu-55. Completely Randomized Design was applied with ethylene concentration (0, 1, 3, 5 ppm) and the temperature of storage rooms (ambient, air-conditioned) as factors. Ethylene exposure was applied for 24 hours. The parameters observed were vitamin C, flavonoid and phenol contents, total acid, and total soluble solid. The results showed that storage temperature gave more influence on vitamin C, flavonoid contents, total acid, and total soluble solid compared to the concentration of ethylene gas. There were no significant differences in the total soluble solid, total acid, vitamin C, and flavonoids content between samples with and without degreening treatment. This result suggested that degreening treatment would not negatively affect the internal quality of this particular cultivar of tangerine.
Prediction of Piperine content in white pepper by NIR spectroscopy using Partial Least Square (PLS) method
Authors: Athfiyah S N , Budiastra I W , Sutrisno  , Purwanto Y A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is one of the prime spices and has great potential in improving the Indonesian economy. Pepper has an identity compound that has a spicy and savory taste that is piperine. Piperine is usually measured using a chemical method, which is time-consuming and rather high cost. So in this study, a faster method using NIRS is assessed to predict the piperine content of white pepper. Fifty samples of white pepper powder (30 grams each) were prepared for the reflectance and piperine measurements. The reflectance of samples were measured by FT-NIR spectrometers at wavelengths of 1000-1500 nm, and the piperine content of samples was determined by the chemical method. For the data processing, the NIR spectra were processed by several NIR data pretreatments to improve the accuracy of prediction, and the piperine content was calibrated by using the PLS method. The results of this study showed that the piperine content of white pepper powder could be predicted well using 7 factors of PLS without NIR data pretreatment with the statistical evaluation values of r(0.91), CV(4.68%), RPD(1.67), and consistency(80%).
Effect of storage temperature and ultrafine bubbles water treatment on the breaking dormancy of garlic bulb
Authors: Shandra R.C. , Purwanto Y.A. , Sobir  , Sulassih  , Naibaho N. , Nurmalia  , Saputra M.I. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Seed dormancy is a physiological phenomenon in plants, it allows us to overcome periods that are unfavorable for seedling established. Several processes are known to be involved in the induction of dormancy and the switch from dormant to germinating state. Garlic bulb has a dormancy period of more than 3 months. Understanding seed dormancy and breaking dormancy is important in the cultivation process of garlic. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of storage temperature and ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) water on the breaking dormancy of garlic. Storage temperature was set at 5°C, 15°C and room temperature (29±2°C). Soaking treatments were carried using distilled water, UFBs water with dissolved oxygen 8 ppm and 20 ppm for 24 h and the control was carried without soaking treatment. After being soaked, the sample of garlic was placed at room temperature (29±2°C). The result shows that the highest percentage of sprouting 55.85% was observed for that garlic stored at 15°C using UFBs 8 ppm soaking treatment after placed at room temperature (29±2°C) during 2 weeks. This result indicates that UFBs water has an effect on enhancing the breaking dormancy of garlic bulbs.
Application of Rice Husk Silicate Extract to Increment Growth of Indoor Hydroponic Lettuce
Authors: Frasetya B , Rahmatullah P , Subandi M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The utilization of backyard or front yard for the cultivation of lettuce under hydroponics system is faced with a limited sunlight duration obtained by plants due to the shadow of buildings and other city infrastructure. This research aimed to overcome the limited sunlight by supporting various concentrations of rice husk extract. The experimental research method was used by a complete randomized design consisted of four treatments: A = without the application of silica extract, B = 10%, C = 20% and D = 30% silica extract of rice husk. Each treatment was repeated six times so that there were 24 experimental units obtained. The parameters measured were the main parameters (plant height, number of leaves, plant fresh weight) and secondary parameters (room temperature, room humidity, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nutrient volume). The data were then analyzed by variance analysis at 5% significant level and Duncan multiple range test at 5% significant level. The results showed that the application of rice husk silica extract 10-30% concentration was not significantly different compared to without the application of rice husk silica extract. The application of rice husk silica extract has not been able to increase the growth of lettuce in conditions of light intensity lower than 4,500 lx.
Design of Automatic Spraying System for Liquid Pesticide Application on Cabbage Cultivation
Authors: Mustafid M A , Subrata I D M , Pramuhadi G 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This research was conducted to analyze the performance of Knapsack Electric Sprayer (KES) compared with KES that controlled by an Automatic Control System (ACS). KES that is modified with ACS using Arduino Mega as the main controller equipped with a pressure sensor, solenoid valve, and PID control on the control system is able to produce almost constant flow pressure. The ACS was applied using a one-by-one spraying method toward cabbage plants. The performance test was conducted in Sprayer Test Laboratory to analyze two types of nozzles and determine Effective Spraying Debit (ESD), Effective Spraying Width (ESW), and droplet diameters. The results of the research showed that the performance of a 3-hole solid cone nozzle is better than a 4-hole solid cone nozzle at 4 bar pressure. Spraying with ACS using the 3-hole nozzle can produce 95% accuracy of spraying output volume. Using ACS, spray duration on each cabbage was controlled by the system based on input. The ACS type can be applied with high Forward Spraying Speed (FSS) than the sprayer without ACS. The FSS did not affect the output Application Dosage using ACS on the sprayer. The implementation of ACS for spraying cabbage can overcome inappropriate output application dosage.
Design and performance of ohmic-based fermentor model for controlling fermentation process
Authors: Sagita D , Darmajana D A , Hidayat D D , Novrinaldi  , Sitorus A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Traditional fermentation process usually takes a long time and hard to achieve and maintain the optimum temperatures condition. The controlled fermentation process can be done using a fermentor for conditioning the temperature at the beginning of the process as bacteria and yeast can develop optimally at certain temperatures. However, traditional heaters that utilize heat transfer by conduction and convection have not been able to homogenize the temperature of products so that the fermentation process is not well controlled. Heating technology that has great potential to produce fast and uniform heating is by using ohmic technology. This research aims to design and to conduct a test of ohmic-based fermentor model. Methods used in this study were a functional and structural analysis of fermentor design and performance test of the fermentor model. The test was conducted using two materials as the heated product (0.02 M NaCl solution as a liquid product and soybean as a non-liquid product) with three variations of voltage treatment (110, 165, and 220 V). Design of the ohmic-based fermentor model had been constructed and tested. Analysis of alternative methods, types, and ohmic fermentor material has been carried out as a reference in designing. Test results showed that the fermentor had been proven to be able to maintain, control, and monitor the temperature in the reactor in real-time. The energy efficiency achieved a high value of 81.96% up to 86.29%. The temperature distribution in the fermentor was also determined uniform for both liquid and non-liquid products with the average value of 40.01±0.16°C (the reference temperature is 40°C). It was indicated that the fermentor model can be used for further fermentation test using various products.