bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impossible QALY and the Denial of Fundamental Measurement: Rejecting the University of Washington Value Assessment of Targeted Immune Modulators (TIMS) in Ulcerative Colitis for the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER)
Authors: Langley Paul 
Published: September 2020

All too often organizations embrace standards for health technology assessment that fail to meet the standards of normal science. A continuing puzzle is why the axioms of fundamental measurement are ignored by researchers such as the University of Washington Model Group in constructing lifetime cost-per-QALY claims. The University of Washington Model Group is not alone; it is an accepted article of faith that multiattribute utility scales can be manipulated as if they had ratio scale properties, which they do not. This commitment to pseudoscientific claims, embracing intelligent design rather than natural selection, is endorsed by professional groups such as ISPOR as well as by self-appointed arbiters of value assessment such as ICER. Perhaps the answer is peer pressure rather than ignorance of the axioms of fundamental measurement. More to the point, if you have been an advocate of imaginary simulations a Damascene epiphany creates both psychological and professional challenges. After all, if cost-per-QALY constructs are rejected, then it is difficult to see what options there are for those attempting to model cost-effectiveness claims. If it is just ignorance of the axioms of fundamental measurement then a reasonable question is why these axioms, readily available on any number of internet sites, are ignored in health technology assessment programs. The purpose of this commentary is to review the ICER September 11th 2020 evidence report in ulcerative colitis, with particular reference to ICER’s responses to questions raised in the public comment period on the measurement properties (or their absence) for utility scales; in this context the EQ-5D instruments. The critique pointed out that the utility scores had ordinal properties. ICER, without proof, disputed this statement asserting that health economists believed (or assumed) they were ratio scales. This is nonsensical. ICER has two options: first, to continue to believe that the EQ-5D instruments had ratio properties or second, to acknowledge that they indeed only had ordinal properties, rejecting their many modeled claims for pricing and access. Not surprisingly, the possibility of a Damascene epiphany was rejected. ICER maintained its assertion that health economists, presumably all of them, believe or possibly just assume for analytical convenience that the EQ-5D-3L and similar measures are in fact on a ratio scale. This introduces a new concept in fundamental measurement: a ratio scale without a true zero but with negative values. ICER is quite prepared to admit that negative I-QALYs are possible and their lifetime cost-per-incremental I-QALY modelling can yield negative I-QALYs.

Article Type: Commentary
Impact of Cognitive and Social Factors on Smoking Cessation Attempts among US Adult Muslim Smokers
Authors: Attarabeen Omar , Alkhateeb Fadi , Sambamoorthi Usha , Larkin Kevin , Newton Michael , Kelly Kimberly 
Published: September 2020

Background. Muslims in the United States (US) exhibit high rates of cigarette smoking. Guided by the Social Cognitive Theory, the study aimed to investigate the associations between the number of serious cigarette smoking cessation attempts and cognitive as well as environmental factors in adult US Muslim smokers.
Methods. This cross-sectional study was based on a convenience sample of adult (≥ 18 years) US Muslim smokers. After receiving IRB approval, data were collected using an on-line survey. Unadjusted Poisson regression followed by adjusted multivariable Poisson regression analyses were conducted to answer the research question.
Results. One hundred thirty-two smokers completed the questionnaire. Smokers reported more serious cigarette smoking cessation attempts if they 1) had more knowledge about the consequences of cigarette smoking cessation, 2) had more positive attitudes regarding quitting, and 3) reported greater religiosity. Additionally, smokers reported fewer serious cigarette smoking cessation attempts if they 1) were employed, 2) affiliated with Sunnah sect, 3) reported better self-assessed health, 4) reported higher perceived value for quitting, and 5) indicated that using tobacco was not allowed inside the home. Only three smokers reported using both prescription medications and counseling to aid with smoking cessation attempts.
Conclusions. Inadequate utilization of pharmaceutical smoking cessation products and provider professional assistance may exacerbate the problems associated with elevated rates of smoking among US Muslim smokers. Knowledge of the consequences, more positive attitudes, and greater religiosity can be influential constructs in future interventions aimed at encouraging smoking cessation attempts in this population.

Article type: Original Research
Eficacia de una intervención en alfabetización basada en la evidencia para niños hispanoparlantes con riesgo lector de niveles socioeconómicos vulnerables
Authors: Balbi Alejandra 
Published: September 2020

Introducción. Las investigaciones apoyan la eficacia de las intervenciones en alfabetización basadas en la evidencia para estudiantes angloparlantes con riesgo lector, pero no queda claro si resultados similares se pueden conseguir con alumnos hispanoparlantes. Método. Investigamos el impacto de una intervención en alfabetización basada en la evidencia con una duración de 15 horas, en niños con riesgo lector de 1° y 2° año de escuela de niveles socioeconómicos (NSE) vulnerables en Uruguay, con español como lengua materna. Los estudiantes con riesgo lector fueron asignados aleatoriamente a una intervención (n = 68) suplementaria a la instrucción usual de aula o a un grupo de control (n = 57) y se compararon con otro grupo de desarrollo lector típico (n = 69) en medidas pre-post-test en conciencia fonológica, escritura, fluidez y comprensión Resultados. Aunque todos los participantes mostraron mejoras significativas en relación a su trayectoria pre-post-test, los niños con riesgo lector que participaron de la intervención experimental solamente mostraron mayores niveles de crecimiento que el grupo control en la habilidad para identificar rimas y parcialmente en comprensión lectora. Discusión y conclusiones. Los hallazgos de este estudio reflejan la necesidad de tomar en cuenta los contrastes entre los sistemas de escritura del español y el inglés, así como el perfil cognitivo de niños de NSE vulnerables en Latinoamérica a la hora de aplicar prácticas basadas en la evidencia al diseño de programas de intervención para niños con riesgo lector de niveles socioeconómicos vulnerables en países de habla hispana.
NGHIÊN CỨU CHẾ TẠO NANO BẠC CÓ KHẢ NĂNG KHÁNG KHUẨN VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS – GÂY BỆNH HOẠI TỬ GAN TỤY (AHPNS) TRÊN TÔM CHÂN TRẮNG LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI (BOONE 1931)
Authors: Anh Lê Kim , Vương Lê Đại , Nga Nguyễn Thị Phương , Thịnh Nguyễn Hữu , Anh Lê Xuân , Hiền Phạm Thị Thảo 
Published: September 2020

Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi trình bày phương pháp điều chế dung dịch nano bạc (nano Ag) sử dụng NaBH4 làm tác nhân khử được bao bọc bởi Alginate (Alg). Kết quả thực nghiệm cho thấy rằng dung dịch nano bạc có màu vàng nâu đồng nhất. Hạt nano Ag có dạng cầu được bao bọc tốt bởi Alg rất ổn định, có kích thước từ 15 đến 45 nm. Ngoài ra, các đặc trưng khác của nano Ag cũng được xác định bằng phương pháp nhiễu xạ tia X, phổ hồng ngoại IR, và TEM. Sản phẩm nano Ag chế tạo được có khả năng kháng tốt đối với vi khuẩn Vibrio parahaemolyticus gây bệnh trên tôm là một phương pháp thay cho các chất kháng sinh thông thường.Từ khóa: nano Ag, Alginate, Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN VISUAL, AUDITORY, KINESTETHIC (VAK) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN LARI JARAK PENDEK SISIWA KELAS IV SDN 3 PANCOR
Authors: Safruddin Safruddin , Nasaruddin Nasaruddin , Dewi Nurul Kemala 
Published: September 2020

Pendidikan jasmani adalah suatu proses melalui aktivitas jasmani, yang dirancang dan disusun secara sistematik, untuk merangsang pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, meningkatkan kemampuan dan keterampilan jasmani, kecerdasan dan pembentukan watak, serta nilai dan sikap yang positif bagi setiap warga negara dalam rangka mencapai tujuan pendidikan. Atletik memegang peranan penting dalam pengembangan kondisi fisik, dan sering menjadi dasar pokok untuk pengembangan maupun peningkatan prestasi yang optimal bagi cabang olahraga yang lain. Proses penyampaian materi atletik yang disajikan dengan menggunakan berbagai metode merupakan pendekatan yang mungkin akan lebih efektif, dapat membuat pembelajaran lebih menarik sehingga siswa termotivasi untuk mengikuti pembelajaran. Model pembelajaran Visual, Auditory, Kinestethic (VAK) memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk dapat belajar langsung dengan bebas mengunakan modalitas yang dimilikinya untuk mencapai pemahaman dan pembelajaran yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Model pembelajaran Visual, Auditory, Kinestethic (VAK) terhadap keterampilan lari jarak pendek siswa kelas IV SDN 3 Pancor. Jenis penelitian yang akan digunakan adalah bentuk One Grup Pretest and Postest Desain, yaitu eksperimen yang dilakukan pada satu kelompok saja tanpa adanya kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain tersebut dikarenakan agar penelitian terfokuskan pada satu kelas saja. Hasil hasil uji hipotesis penelitian dengan menggunakan uji t, dapat dilihat bahwa t hitung sebesar 13.551 > 2.042 (t-tabel) dan besar nilai signifikansi probability 0,000 < 0,05, maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa “Ada Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Visual, Auditory, Kinestethic (VAK) Terhadap Keterampilan Berlari Jarak Pendek Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri 3 Pancor Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019”.
A Naturalness of Translation in J. K. Rowling’s Novel Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince into Indonesian
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Harjanti Dwi 
Published: September 2020

A good quality of translation is known by assessing it. One way to assess translation product is by assessing the naturalness. This research aims at describing the naturalness of translation in J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince novel into Indonesian version Harry Potter dan Pangeran Berdarah Campuran. This is a descriptive qualitative research. The data were sentences in the original novel and its Indonesian translation. The data were collected using content analysis technique and analyzed using Larson theory of naturalness in translation and supported by other theories. This research does not mean to judge the translator but it is intended to give contribution to the development of translation by analyzing the naturalness of the translation. The finding showed that there are four levels of naturalness found in the translation of the novel, such as (1) highly natural (171 data or 78.1 %), (2) natural (33 data or 15.1 %), (3) less natural (13 data or 5.9 %), and (4) unnatural (2 data or 0.9 %).
Semantic Prosody Analysis of 'Talking a lot' Words
Authors: Nabu Andiani Rezkita 
Published: September 2020

Due to sentence formation, the lexicon choice appears as a crucial phase of writing. Moreover, it is caused by the emptiness of words set that are perfectly synonymous and can be interchangeable. In order that it leads the needed for meaning, sense, and evocative value identification in the choice of the lexicon. Furthermore, the main objective of this research is to examine the value (sense) of several lexicons, which means 'talking a lot' such as talkative, loquacious, chatty, gossipy, garrulous, talky, and conversational, by using cognitive-linguistic and corpus linguistic approaches. In this case, the researcher examined the lexicon values based on the distinguishing semantic features and semantic prosody of the lexicons. As a linguistic corpus study, this study involved a number of data derived from COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English), the Oxford dictionary (online), and the Merriam-Webster dictionary (online). Hence, this study found that the distinctive features of the lexicons are the subject, the object, the type of communication, the type of information, and the causes. Therefore, the semantic prosody in translation practices applies in corpus-based approach translation. It can facilitate a translator to comprehend new words and improve the quality of translation work.
DETERMINAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT
Authors: Saputra Komang Adi Kurniawan 
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan secara empiris pengaruh independensi, kompetensi, akuntabilitas dan due professional care auditor terhadap kualitas audit. Subyek penelitian ini adalah seluruh auditor yang masih aktif baik junior maupun senior. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode probability sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh auditor di seluruh Kantor Akuntan Publik di Bali yang terdaftar di Direktori Kantor Akuntan Publik tahun 2018. Sedangkan untuk menjawab hipotesis penelitian menggunakan alat analisis regresi berganda. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan, akuntabilitas dan due professional care auditor berpengaruh positif terhadap kualitas audit. Sedangkan independensi dan pengalaman tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit.

Kata kunci: independensi, akuntabilitas, due professional care dan kualitas audit.
ANALYSIS EFFECT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE WITH VARIABLE CONTROL FIRM SIZE
Authors: Damai Yanti , Yulinda Yulinda 
Published: September 2020

This study is aimed to examine the effect of corporate governance on financial performance with variable control firm size. Corporate governance is measured using board of commissioners, proportion of outside commissioners, board of directors, institutional ownership, managerial ownership, and audit committee. Financial performance is measured using tobins q. This study used variable control which is firm size where as measured used log natural assets. This study used sample were as public listed companies in Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) in period 2011-2015. Thus, this sampling method used purposive sampling technique. The result of this study showed that board of commissioners, board of directors, institutional ownership, managerial ownership, audit commitee not influence to financial performance. This study is showed proportion of outside commissioners influence to financial performance. The purpose study determine where is to add more independent variable. In addition, financial performance is measured used EVA (Economic Value Added) and expanding the corporate companies. More over the result in this study is have implications to each hypothesis.
IMPACT OF WELD DEPOSITION MODES UPON CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRODE METAL HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, FORMATION OF STRUCTURE AND SURFACE PROPERTIES
Authors: Saraev Yuriy , Bezborodov Valeriy , Perovskaya Marina , Semenchuk Vyacheslav , Nepomnyaschiy Aleksandr 
Published: September 2020

The peculiarities of structure formation in coatings deposited under conditions of controlled heat and mass transfer with the pulse change of power parameters of the mode are considered.
It is shown that as a result of the pulse control of mode power parameters, in a coating there is observed of structural heterogeneity decrease on a coating section at the expense of the decrease of structural constituent dimensions in it that increases considerably of operation properties of strengthened products operated under conditions of low temperatures of the extreme North. The investigations are carried out with the use of the complex of fast processes of heat and mass transfer that ensured high productivity of the investigation process at lower cost of time and material costs.
It is recommended for a wide range of experts in the field of modern physical material science, hydrodynamics, chemistry and mechanics of a deformable solid, reliability and technogenic safety, control of fast processes of the formation of permanent connections modified with pulse high-energy impact.
Anteseden Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia Islami Dalam Menghadapi Revolusi Industri 4.0 Bagi Lembaga Keuangan Berbasis Syariah
Authors: Lubis Anggia Sari , Munawaroh Munawaroh 
Published: September 2020

Revolusi Industri yang sudah memasuki era revolusi industri 4.0 memiliki peluang dan tantangan bagi perusahaan-perusahaan yang ada di seluruh dunia. Tidak terkecuali dengan lembaga keuangan berbasis syariah. Lembaga keuangan berbasis syariah harus dapat adaptatif dan bertahan ditengah perubahan lingkungan dan persaingan yang semakin luar biasa. Untuk dapat bertahan dan mencapai visi, misi dan tujuan-tujuan perusahaan, sumber daya manusia memiliki peran dan fungsi yang sangat vital. Dalam menghadapi revolusi industri 4.0 , sumber daya manusia harus memiliki kompetensi yang sesuai dengan perubahan yang diakibatkan oleh era revolusi industri ini. Sebagai lembaga keuangan syariah, kompetensi berbasis nilai-nilai Islam harus dimiliki para pegawai ataupun karyawan sebagai bekal dalam mengerjakan pekerjaan sehari-hari maupun dukungan terhadap pencapaian tujuan-tujuan perusahaan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis anteseden kompetensi sumber daya manusia Islami dalam menghadapi revolusi industri 4.0 bagi lembaga keuangan berbasis syariah. Data diolah menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square ( SEM-PLS ) dimana terlebih dahulu di lakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik kemudian uji hipotesis untuk data tersebut. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai lembaga keuangan syariah di Kota Medan yang meliputi perbankan syariah, asuransi syariah dan pegadaian syariah. Metode penarikan sampel adalah simple random sampling. Variabel motivasi kerja memiliki pengaruh yang paling signifikan terhadap kompetensi sumber daya manusia Islami dalam mneghadapi revolusi industtri.
A relação da nutrição na infertilidade feminina
Authors: Gomes Mariana Cirilo , Silva Sarah Jéssica Duarte da , Almeida Simone Gonçalves de 
Published: September 2020

A infertilidade é definida como a incapacidade de obter uma gestação após 12 meses ou mais de relações sexuais constantes sem contracepção, acometendo aproximadamente 8% a 15% dos casais durante a sua vida fértil. Algumas das principais causas da infertilidade são doenças como a endometriose; miomas; disfunção ovulatória; síndrome dos ovários policísticos e obesidade, acompanhados do estilo de vida e condições ambientais, no qual, trabalhos estressantes; nutrição desequilibrada e dietas não saudáveis, concorrem para interferir na segurança da reprodução em mulheres e homens. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender a relação da nutrição como um fator determinante na infertilidade feminina, além da importância do consumo de micronutrientes, bem como a decorrência da obesidade e do estilo de vida nesse processo.
A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada utilizando as bases de dado SCIELO, Google Acadêmico, PubMed, e foram selecionados artigos publicados nos últimos dez anos nacionais e internacionais. Após a revisão de literatura, foi possível analisar o consumo de micronutrientes, antioxidantes e um adequado estilo de vida como fatores que podem melhorar significativamente os resultados reprodutivos, bem como a identificação da relação de indivíduos com sobrepeso e a obesidade e sua influência negativa em mulheres que estão na tentativa de conceber, além de hábitos como tabagismo e etilismo atuarem no atraso da concepção e no aumento do risco de aborto espontâneo.
The Language and Identity of Agueda in Nick Joaquin's May Day Eve: An Analysis of Linguistic Features and Stances
Authors: Juanillo Kay Tepait , Labastida-Martinez Seregena Ruth 
Published: September 2020

Language is an important device in the construction of an individual’s identity. However, Language not only identifies any particular individual but also sets its position inside the society. As a form of social behavior, language like other social behaviors, also distinguishes gender differences. This study investigates the linguistic features and the personal identity of Agueda in Nick Joaquin’s May Day Eve. This study can be used to apprehend how women were influenced by the society and the culture of the Philippines during the 1800s. The researchers use Lakoff’s Theory of Linguistic Features, and the Indexicality Principle by Bucholtz and Hall (2005) to analyze the language and identity of Agueda. Qualitative Content Analysis and descriptive research design are used to analyze thoroughly the utterances of Agueda which consist of linguistic features and stances. Based on the linguistic features and the stances analyzed, Agueda uses emphatic stress more to show assertiveness through her utterances, she also uses disalignment more, and she likes to position herself along the affective scale. The result of the study shows that Agueda is an assertive and strong willed young woman, who likes to do whatever she wants. Her utterances also show how resentful she has become after her marriage with Badoy. The conclusion can be drawn that language is an important factor in creating an identity of a person, and this identity can be formed through the stances and linguistic features, which are greatly affected by the society, culture, and people that surround an individual.
Consuming Images
Authors: Rhodes Gary D. , Singer Robert 
Published: September 2020

The American television commercial exhibits an aesthetic and historical dynamic linking it directly to cinematic and media cultures. Consuming Images: Film Art and the American Television
Commercial establishes the complex vitality of the television commercial both as a short film and as an art form. Through close and comparative readings, the book examines the influence of Hollywood film styles on the television commercial, and the resulting influence of the television commercial on Hollywood, exploring an intertwined aesthetic and technical relationship.
Analysing key commercials over the decades that feature new technologies and film aesthetics that were subsequently adopted by feature filmmakers, the book establishes the television commercial as film art.
KEGIATAN FARMAKOLOGIS DARI BERBAGAI BAGIAN Carica papaya Linn. EKSTRAK: BUAH, DAUN, BENIH, UAP, KULIT DAN AKAR
Authors: Hidayati Tita Kosima , Susilawati Yasmiwar , Muhtadi Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

Carica papaya (Caricaceae) Linn. (CP) is a popular tropical plant which provide a huge benefit. The fruit is either delicious and healthy while other parts have a great potential medicinal properties. CP are classified as plants that have anti-microbial activity, anti oxidant, anti malaria, anti-ulcer, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-hypertension, anti-fertility, anti-fungal and anti diabetic. Pharmacological activity of papaya plants related to the content of phytochemical compounds of alkaloid, flavonoid , tannin, saponin, enzyme: papain and chymopapain. These phytochemical content have been found in the young leaf, stem bark, dry seeds. Papaya leaf reveal more pharmacologycal activities because that have wide variety of phytochemical contents. In this review will be studied pharmacologycal activities of Carica papaya Linn. extract that obtained from fruit, leaf, seeds, stem bark and root. Besides, their various phytochemical contents are also described.