bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of inoculants on the fermentation characteristics and in vitro digestibility of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) silage on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Chen Liangyin , Li Ping , Gou Wenlong , You Minghong , Cheng Qiming , Bai Shiqie , Cai Yimin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo effectively use local available grass resources to cover the winter feed shortage on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, direct‐cut and wilted reed canary grass (RCG) silages were prepared by using a rolled‐bale system, and their ensiling characteristics and in vitro digestibility were studied. Silages were treated without (control) or with inoculants including LP (Lactobacillus plantarum), LPLB (L. plantarum, L. buchneri), and LPLBc (L. plantarum, L. buchneri, and cellulase), and were stored at ambient temperature (5.7–14.6°C) for 90 days. Compared with control, the inoculated silages increased (p < .05) lactic acid and acetic acid contents, and reduced (p < .05) final pH value and ammonia‐N ratio of total N. The highest WSC content (41.2 g/kg DM) occurred for LPLB‐inoculated silage, whereas LPLBc‐treated silage displayed the lowest contents of NDF (522.9 g/kg DM) and ADF (275.5 g/kg DM). In addition, LPLBc‐inoculated silage had the highest in vitro gas production (51.0 ml/g DM), in vitro DM digestibility (619.3 g/kg DM), and metabolic energy (9.6 kJ/kg DM). These results confirmed that treatments with inoculants at ensiling could improve silage fermentation and in vitro digestibility of RCG, and this could be a potential winter feed for animals on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau.
The thesis of “doux commerce” and the social licence to operate framework
Authors: Borg Emma 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe “doux commerce” thesis holds that commerce acts as a civilising force, contributing to the advancement and well‐being of societies by inculcating certain core moral values in individuals (such as honesty, tolerance, and fair‐dealing). This idea has a venerable history. However, I suggest that it faces a particular challenge in the current era in light of examples of systemic misbehaviour by global companies. This paper explores the nature of this challenge, taking the events around the financial crisis of 2007–2008 as a case study, and suggests that if we are to preserve the idea that commerce contributes to the common good then greater mechanisms of constraint on the worst excesses of business behaviour will be needed. In particular, I argue that we must recognise the need for all firms to have a social purpose and suggest that the “social licence to operate” framework, familiar from the mining and extraction sectors, could be used to provide crucial leverage on the behaviour of multinational firms.
Pathological calcification in osteoarthritis: an outcome or a disease initiator?
Authors: Yan Jian‐fei , Qin Wen‐pin , Xiao Bo‐cheng , Wan Qian‐qian , Tay Franklin R. , Niu Li‐na , Jiao Kai 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTIn the progression of osteoarthritis, pathological calcification in the affected joint is an important feature. The role of these crystallites in the pathogenesis and progression of osteoarthritis is controversial; it remains unclear whether they act as a disease initiator or are present as a result of joint damage. Recent studies reported that the molecular mechanisms regulating physiological calcification of skeletal tissues are similar to those regulating pathological or ectopic calcification of soft tissues. Pathological calcification takes place when the equilibrium is disrupted. Calcium phosphate crystallites are identified in most affected joints and the presence of these crystallites is closely correlated with the extent of joint destruction. These observations suggest that pathological calcification is most likely to be a disease initiator instead of an outcome of osteoarthritis progression. Inhibiting pathological crystallite deposition within joint tissues therefore represents a potential therapeutic target in the management of osteoarthritis.
Composite neonatal morbidity indicators using hospital discharge data: A systematic review
Authors: Lebreton Elodie , Crenn‐Hébert Catherine , Menguy Claudie , Howell Elizabeth A. , Gould Jeffrey B. , Dechartres Agnès , Zeitlin Jennifer 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal morbidity is associated with lifelong impairments, but the absence of a consensual definition and the need for large data sets limit research.ObjectivesTo inform initiatives to define standard outcomes for research, we reviewed composite neonatal morbidity indicators derived from routine hospital discharge data.Data sourcesPubMed (updated on October 12, 2018). The search algorithm was based on three components: “morbidity,” “neonatal,” and “hospital discharge data.”Study selection and data extractionStudies investigating neonatal morbidity using a composite indicator based on hospital discharge data were included. Indicators defined for specific conditions (eg congenital anomalies, maternal addictions) were excluded. The target population, objectives, component morbidities, diagnosis and procedure codes, validation methods, and prevalence of morbidity were extracted.SynthesisFor each study, we assessed construct validity by describing the methods used to select the indicator components and evaluated whether the authors assessed internal and external validity. We also calculated confidence intervals for the prevalence of the morbidity composite.ResultsSeventeen studies fulfilled inclusion criteria. Indicators targeted all (n = 4), low‐/moderate‐risk (n = 9), and very preterm (VPT, n = 4) infants. Components were similar for VPT infants, but domains and diagnosis codes within domains varied widely for all and low‐/moderate‐risk infants. Component selection was described for 8/17 indicators and some form of validation reported for 12/17. Neonatal morbidity prevalence ranged from 4.6% to 9.0% of all infants, 0.4% to 8.0% of low‐/moderate‐risk infants, and 17.8% to 61.0% of VPT infants.ConclusionsMultiple neonatal morbidity indicators based on hospital discharge data have been used for research, but their heterogeneity limits comparisons between studies. Standard neonatal outcome measures are needed for benchmarking and synthesis of research results.
Effects of metal quantity and quality to the removal of zinc and copper by two common green microalgae (Chlorophyceae) species
Authors: Novák Zoltán , Harangi Sándor , Baranyai Edina , Gonda Sándor , B‐Béres Viktória , Bácsi István 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYAppearance of metals as pollutants in the environment is an increasing global problem. Microalgae as subjects of biological remediation methods may provide a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly alternative to the removal of metals during wastewater treatment. Despite the high number of data in the topic, there is still little information on how the type and the concentration of the metal affect the process of removal. In this study, correlations among the algal species, quality and quantity of metals and characteristics of metal removal mechanism were investigated at lower metal concentrations (0.2–5.0 mg L−1) during zinc and copper removal of the green algae Desmodesmus communis and Monoraphidium pusillum. Analyses of the results proved that there is a statistically significant interaction (P < 0.05) between algal species and quality and concentration of the metals, that is, they have a significant effect on the mode and extent of removal. Both metals were mainly extracellularly bound, but at concentrations of 0.2–1.4 mg L−1, intracellular proportion could exceed the extracellular adsorption. Although there were differences between the two algae, generally copper appeared in a higher intracellular proportion than zinc in the whole studied concentration range. Overall, the quality and initial concentration of the metal is decisive for the way of removal, the knowledge of which is useful for planning post treatment retention times or post treatment processes of the used biomass during wastewater treatment.
Patterns, Patterns, Patterns: Art and Meaning at the Crossroads between Two Opposing Forces
Authors: Ramirez Calle Olga 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article aims to defend the need to recognize the independent role of those cognitive abilities on whose behalf linguistic meaning is introduced from the proper institution of language. I call this capacity “private pattern recognition” (PPR) and argue that it plays an essential part not just in the instauration of linguistic meaning but also in other relevant cognitive phenomena such as artistic creation and understanding. Moreover, it is precisely the failure to separate both aspects that gives rise to important perplexities associated with the underdetermination of meaning. The first part of the article makes a case for this thesis and addresses its compatibility with Wittgenstein's private language argument. It then focuses on the example of art to illustrate the differing roles of private pattern recognition and shared linguistic meaning. The second part of the article focuses on the paradox of resemblance (RP). It (i) considers the difficulties of Williamson's response, (ii) illustrates how they instead support the current thesis, (iii) attempts to delineate how the role of meaning should be understood, and (iv) briefly revisits the rule‐following paradox (RFP).
Cantonese‐English code‐switching in Cantopop television drama theme songs
Authors: Ng Chi Wui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPopular music is a genre of text that has been prevalently studied in code‐switching research across the globe in recent decades. Following up Chan's (2009) study on Cantonese‐English code‐switching in Cantopop released between 1970s and 2003, the present study is a corpus‐assisted discourse analysis investigating linguistic‐pragmatic functions performed by code‐switching in Cantopop television drama theme songs released in the past decade. Lyrics of television theme songs released in Hong Kong between 2009 and 2018 with code‐switching were collected and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Functions uncovered in the study were discovered to be akin to those unveiled in Chan (2009) save that motivations for incorporation of code‐switching into lyrics of television theme songs were found to be specific to themes or genres of television dramas.
Separate Time Integration Based on the Hilber, Hughes, Taylor Scheme for Flexible Bodies With a Large Number of Modes
Authors: Witteveen Wolfgang , Pichler Florian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the current development of flexible multibody dynamics, the efficient and accurate consideration of distributed and nonlinear forces is an active area of research. Examples are, forces due to body-body contact or due to elastohydrodynamics (EHD). This leads to many additional modes for representing the local deformations in the areas on which those forces act. Recent publications show that these can be several hundred to several thousand additional modes. A conventional, monolithic numerical time integration scheme would lead to unacceptable computing times. This paper presents a method for an efficient time integration of such systems. The core idea is to treat the equations associated with modes representing local deformations separately. Using the Newmark formulas, a fixed point iteration is proposed for these separated equations, which can always be stabilized with decreasing step size. The concluding examples underline this property, as well as the fact that the proposed method massively outperforms the conventional, monolithic time integration with increasing number of modes.
Paediatric empyema: worsening disease severity and challenges identifying patients at increased risk of repeat intervention
Authors: Haggie Stuart , Gunasekera Hasantha , Pandit Chetan , Selvadurai Hiran , Robinson Paul , Fitzgerald Dominic A 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveEmpyema is the most common complication of pneumonia. Primary interventions include chest drainage and fibrinolytic therapy (CDF) or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). We describe disease trends, clinical outcomes and factors associated with reintervention.Design/setting/patientsRetrospective cohort of paediatric empyema cases requiring drainage or surgical intervention, 2011–2018, admitted to a large Australian tertiary children’s hospital.ResultsDuring the study, the incidence of empyema increased from 1.7/1000 to 7.1/1000 admissions (p<0.001). We describe 192 cases (174 CDF and 18 VATS), median age 3.0 years (IQR 1–5), mean fever duration prior to intervention 6.2 days (SD ±3.3 days) and 50 (26%) cases admitted to PICU. PICU admission increased during the study from 18% to 34% (p<0.001). Bacteraemia occurred in 23/192 (12%) cases. A pathogen was detected in 131/192 (68%); Streptococcus pneumoniae 75/192 (39%), S. aureus 25/192 (13%) and group A streptococcus 13/192 (7%). Reintervention occurred in 49/174 (28%) and 1/18 (6%) following primary CDF and VATS. Comparing repeat intervention with single intervention cases, a continued fever postintervention increased the likelihood for a repeat intervention (OR 1.3 per day febrile; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.4, p<0.0001). Younger age, prolonged fever preintervention and previous antibiotic treatment were not associated with initial treatment failure (all p>0.05).ConclusionWe report increasing incidence and severity of empyema in a large tertiary hospital. One in four patients required a repeat intervention after CDF. Neither clinical variables at presentation nor early investigations were able to predict initial treatment failure.
Maintaining quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by extending the maintenance phase of community-based pulmonary rehabilitation: protocol for a randomised controlled trial (ComEx3 Study)
Authors: Lopez Derrick , Cecins Nola , Cockram Joanne , Collins Anna , Landers Holly , Sanfilippo Frank , Briffa Tom , Brims Fraser , Geelhoed Elizabeth , Murray Kevin , Phillips Kirsten , Preen David , Jenkins Susan 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionPulmonary rehabilitation is a core component of the treatment of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, the benefits gained diminish in the ensuing months. The optimal strategy for maintaining the benefits is unclear with weekly supervised maintenance exercise programmes proposed as one strategy. However, the long-term future of maintenance programs is dependent on quality evidence.Methods and analysisThe ComEx3 randomised controlled trial will investigate the efficacy of extending a weekly supervised maintenance programme for an additional 6 months following an initial 10-week maintenance programme (intervention) by comparing with a control group who receive the same 10-week maintenance programme followed by 6 months of usual care. 120 participants with COPD will be recruited. Primary objective is to determine health-related quality of life over 12 months. Secondary objectives are to determine functional exercise capacity trajectory and to perform an economic evaluation of the intervention to the health system. Outcomes will be analysed for superiority according to intention-to-treat and per-protocol approaches.Ethics and disseminationApproval has been received from the relevant ethics committees. Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and conferences, targeting those involved in managing people with COPD as well as those who develop policies and guidelines.Clinical trial registrationANZCTR 12618000933257
Ambient air pollution is associated with airway inflammation in older women: a nested cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Abramson Michael J , Wigmann Claudia , Altug Hicran , Schikowski Tamara 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundAir pollution is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) could be a useful biomarker for health effects of air pollutants. However, there were limited data from older populations with higher prevalence of COPD and other inflammatory conditions.MethodsWe obtained data from the German Study on the influence of Air pollution on Lung function, Inflammation and Ageing. Spirometry and FeNO were measured by standard techniques. Air pollutant exposures were estimated following the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects protocols, and ozone (O3) measured at the closest ground level monitoring station. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to FeNO with each pollutant separately and adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsIn 236 women (mean age 74.6 years), geometric mean FeNO was 15.2ppb. Almost a third (n=71, 30.1%) of the women had some chronic inflammatory respiratory condition. A higher FeNO concentration was associated with exposures to fine particles (PM2.5), PM2.5absorbanceand respirable particles (PM10). There were no significant associations with PMcoarse, NO2, NOx, O3or length of major roads within a 1 km buffer. Restricting the analysis to participants with a chronic inflammatory respiratory condition, with or without impaired lung function produced similar findings. Adjusting for diabetes did not materially alter the findings. There were no significant interactions between individual pollutants and asthma or current smoking.ConclusionsThis study adds to the evidence to reduce ambient PM2.5concentrations as low as possible to protect the health of the general population.
Cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in early rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study
Authors: Nikiphorou Elena , de Lusignan Simon , Mallen Christian D , Khavandi Kaivan , Bedarida Gabriella , Buckley Christopher D , Galloway James , Raza Karim 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at and prior to diagnosis in people with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and subsequent CVD in these patients.MethodsA retrospective case–control study using a large English primary care database. People with RA (n=6591) diagnosed between 2004 and 2016 (inclusive) were identified using a validated algorithm, matched 1:1 by age and gender to those without RA (n=6591) and followed for a median of 5.4 years. We assessed differences in CVD at, before and after diagnosis, and the impact of traditional and RA-related risk factors (C reactive protein, RA-related autoantibodies and medication use) on incident CVD (a composite of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke or heart failure).ResultsRA cases and their matched controls were both of mean age 58.7 (SD 15.5) at cohort entry, and 67.5% were female. Some CVD risk factors were more common at RA diagnosis including smoking and diabetes; however, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were lower in patients with RA. CVD was more common in RA at cohort entry; stroke (3.9% vs 2.7%, p<0.001), heart failure (1.6% vs 1.0%, p=0.001), and non-significantly MI (3.1% vs 2.8%, p=0.092). Excess CVD developed in the 5 years preceding diagnosis. After adjustment for traditional and RA-related risk factors, RA was associated with greater risk of post-diagnosis CVD (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.65, p=0.010).ConclusionsAn excess of stroke and heart failure occurs before diagnosis of RA. There is excess risk for further cardiovascular events after diagnosis, which is not explained by differences in traditional CVD or RA-related risk factors at diagnosis.
Limitations of transoesophageal echocardiogram in acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Rosol Zachary P , Kopecky Kathleen F , Minehart Bailey R , Tecson Kristen M , Vasudevan Anupama , McCullough Peter A , Grayburn Paul A , Schussler Jeffrey M 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThe role of transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) in identifying ischaemic stroke aetiology is debated. In 2018, the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) issued class IIa recommendation for echocardiography, with the qualifying statement of use in cases where it will alter management. Hence, we sought to determine the rate at which TOE findings altered management in cases of confirmed ischaemic stroke.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed TOE cases with confirmed ischaemic stroke at our centre between April 2015 and February 2017. We defined a change in management as the initiation of anticoagulation therapy, antibiotic therapy or patent foramen ovale closure as a direct result of TOE findings.ResultsThere were 185 patients included in this analysis; 19 (10%) experienced a change in management. However, only 7 of the 19 (4% of all subjects) experienced a change in management due to TOE findings. The remaining 12 were initiated on oral antigoagulation as a result of discoveries during routine workup, mainly atrial fibrillation on telemetry monitoring.ConclusionsThis work suggests an overuse of TOE and provides support for the 2018 AHA/ASA stroke guidelines, which recommend against the routine use of echocardiography in the work up of cerebrovascular accident due to a cardioembolic source.
Generation of Genetically Engineered Mouse Lung Organoid Models for Squamous Cell Lung Cancers Allows for the Study of Combinatorial Immunotherapy
Authors: Hai Josephine , Zhang Hua , Zhou Jin , Wu Zhong , Chen Ting , Papadopoulos Eleni , Dowling Catríona M. , Pyon Val , Pan Yuanwang , Liu Jie Bin , Bronson Roderick T. , Silver Heather , Lizotte Patrick H. , Deng Jiehui , Campbell Joshua D. , Sholl Lynette M. , Ng Christine , Tsao Ming-Sound , Thakurdin Cassandra , Bass Adam J. , Wong Kwok-Kin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a deadly disease for which only a subset of patients responds to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Therefore, preclinical mouse models that recapitulate the complex genetic profile found in patients are urgently needed.

Experimental Design:
We used CRISPR genome editing to delete multiple tumor suppressors in lung organoids derived from Cre-dependent SOX2 knock-in mice. We investigated both the therapeutic efficacy and immunologic effects accompanying combination PD-1 blockade and WEE1 inhibition in both mouse models and LSCC patient-derived cell lines.

Results:
We show that multiplex gene editing of mouse lung organoids using the CRISPR–Cas9 system allows for efficient and rapid means to generate LSCCs that closely mimic the human disease at the genomic and phenotypic level. Using this genetically defined mouse model and three-dimensional tumoroid culture system, we show that WEE1 inhibition induces DNA damage that primes the endogenous type I IFN and antigen presentation system in primary LSCC tumor cells. These events promote cytotoxic T-cell–mediated clearance of tumor cells and reduce the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils. Beneficial immunologic features of WEE1 inhibition are further enhanced by the addition of anti–PD-1 therapy.

Conclusions:
We developed a mouse model system to investigate a novel combinatory approach that illuminates a clinical path hypothesis for combining ICB with DNA damage–inducing therapies in the treatment of LSCC.