bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential for waste heat utilization of hot‐water‐cooled data centers: A case study
Authors: Oltmanns Johannes , Sauerwein David , Dammel Frank , Stephan Peter , Kuhn Christoph 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe electric energy demand of data centers in Germany has grown rapidly from 10.5 TWh/a in 2010 to 13.2 TWh/a in 2017, an average of 25% of which are used to fulfill the data centers' cooling demand. In order to increase its energy efficiency, TU Darmstadt applies a new cooling concept in the next generation of its high‐performance computing data center “Lichtenberg II.” Instead of the current air‐cooled servers with water‐cooled rear doors at 17‐24°C, the new data center will be equipped with direct hot‐water cooling for the high‐performance computer, supplying heat at a temperature of 45°C. The high‐temperature waste heat is used for heating purposes on the university's campus Lichtwiese. For waste heat utilization, two concepts are presented, either integrating the heat in the return line of the district heating network or using it locally in buildings located near the data center. Reductions in CO2 emission and annuity are generated both by decreased compression cooling demand for the data center and by decreased heat generation due to waste heat utilization. Depending on the scenario, a total of 20%‐50% of the waste heat emitted by the high‐performance computer can be used for heating purposes, while the remaining heat is dissipated efficiently via free cooling without additional energy demand for mechanical chillers. CO2 emission can be decreased by up to 720 , representing a reduction of about 4% of the total emission at campus Lichtwiese. TU Darmstadt is currently implementing the waste heat integration into its district heating network and will benefit from this concept starting in 2020.
Numerical simulation of temperature field in crack of supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing
Authors: Zhou Yi , Ni Hongjian , Shen Zhonghou , Wang Wenpeng , Wang Meishan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSupercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) fracturing technology has far‐reaching application potential for unconventional resources which is beneficial to water protection and CO2 sequestration. In this paper, temperature field in the crack of SC‐CO2 fracturing which will affect flow behavior of SC‐CO2 and the carrying capacity for proppants has been studied. A generalized and pragmatic numerical method coupled with the physical properties model of CO2 and heat and mass transfer in the formation rock has been established to calculate the variations of temperature and density in the crack during fracturing. Porous medium model was used to describe the formation rock which would make the calculation more accurate. Rules of influence distance of the rock with time and injection displacement were analyzed. Distribution of temperature in XY plane is symmetrical, while temperature on the bottom wall is much less than that of the top wall in XZ plane. Decrease in injection temperature and increase in injection displacement will make the temperature of SC‐CO2 lower at the same position which is beneficial to the proppant transportation. Therefore, low injection temperature and high displacement are suggested in the application in order to make a longer proppant bed. Besides, the density of SC‐CO2 is relatively high in the formation of low rock porosity which will make the fracturing more effective. The results obtained in this paper will provide reference for SC‐CO2 fracturing design which could promote the development of this technology.
Development of a new ammonia‐based energy storage option for grid balancing
Authors: Siddiqui Osamah , Dincer Ibrahim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the present study, a new ammonia‐based system is developed and investigated as an energy storage option. In this regard, an environmentally benign cyclic synthesis and usage of ammonia is proposed. The proton exchange membrane‐based electrolysis is used for hydrogen generation with cyclic water usage and production. A direct ammonia fuel cell is employed for power generation. The performance of the developed system is investigated through both energetic and exergetic analyses. In addition, different phases of charging and discharging are considered during the energy storage operation. Furthermore, several parametric investigations are conducted to study the effects of changing operating conditions. The energy efficiency of the charging phase is found to be 41.1% and the exergy efficiency is evaluated to be 43.7%. Moreover, the energetic efficiency of the discharging phase is 78.1% while the exergetic efficiency is 73.4%. The overall efficiency of the system considering both charging and discharging phases is evaluated as 32.1%.
Brief Assessment of Impaired Cognition Questionnaire (BASIC‐Q)—Development and validation of a new tool for identification of cognitive impairment in community settings
Authors: Jørgensen Kasper , Nielsen T. Rune , Nielsen Ann , Waldorff Frans Boch , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesBrief Assessment of Impaired Cognition (BASIC), which combines self‐ and informant report with cognitive testing, was previously found to be highly accurate in identification of dementia and cognitive impairment. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a questionnaire version of BASIC, the BASIC‐Q, for use in community settings.MethodsIn order to construct a questionnaire version of BASIC, we substituted cognitive testing with questions regarding orientation. BASIC‐Q was validated based on further analysis of data from the primary BASIC validation study, where patients consecutively referred from general practice were tested at their first memory clinic admission prior to diagnosis. Control participants were primarily recruited among participating patients' relatives. Expert clinical diagnosis was subsequently used as reference standard for estimation of classification accuracy.ResultsA high discriminative validity (sensitivity 0.92, specificity 0.97) for cognitive impairment (n = 159) vs socio‐demographically matched control participants (n = 109) was found. In comparison, the MMSE had 0.76 sensitivity and 0.81 specificity. Administration time for BASIC‐Q was less than 5 minutes compared to approximately 10 minutes for the MMSE.ConclusionsBASIC‐Q is a brief, efficient and valid tool for identification of cognitive impairment in a clinical setting. Further validation in a community setting is needed.
Adverse life events and late‐life cognitive decline in a Chinese cohort: The Shanghai Aging Study
Authors: Tian Hongdou , Deng Wei , Law Chikin , Zhao Qianhua , Liang Xiaoniu , Wu Wanqing , Luo Jianfeng , Ding Ding 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to demonstrate the association between adverse life events (ALEs) and the risk of late‐life cognitive decline in older community‐dwelling individuals in China.MethodsWe prospectively followed up 1657 dementia‐free participants with ALE data at baseline in the Shanghai Aging Study. The cohort was categorized into four subgroups (depression with ALEs, depression without ALEs, no depression with ALEs, and no depression without ALEs). Cox regressions were conducted to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for incident dementia stratified by all participants and depressed and nondepressed participants.ResultsWe identified 168 incident dementia cases over a mean period of 5.2 years. The cumulative dementia incidence in nondepressed participants with ALEs was the lowest among the four subgroups. Nondepressed participants with ALEs had a lower risk of incident dementia (HR [95% CI]: 0.50 [0.27‐0.92], P = .0267) than those without ALEs, adjusted for age, sex, education, apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4), body mass index, cigarette smoking, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline, and anxiety.ConclusionsThis study explored a significant inverse association between ALEs and the risk of incident cognitive decline among older adults without depression in China. Interventions for depression prevention immediately after ALEs may reduce the risk of cognitive decline later in life.
Immunohistochemistry for c‐myc and bcl‐2 overexpression improves risk stratification in primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Hatzl Stefan , Posch Florian , Deutsch Alexander , Beham‐Schmid Christine , Stöger Herbert , Greinix Hildegard , Pichler Martin , Neumeister Peter , Prochazka Katharina T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOverexpression of bcl‐2 and c‐myc are defining features of double‐expressor‐lymphoma (DEL) but may also occur separately in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Despite all progress in optimizing treatment regimen, there is lack of sufficient risk stratification models. Here, we first describe the relationship between DEL biology, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index (NCCN‐IPI), treatment response, disease progression, and mortality in PCNSL. In this study, we determined c‐myc and bcl‐2 status immunohistochemically in samples of 48 patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL and followed these patients for a median interval of 6.2 years. Twelve, 18, and 17 patients harbored none, one, or both DEL features. Corresponding overall response rates after first‐line therapy were strongly associated with DEL biology (100%, 42%, and 44% in patients with 0, 1, or 2 DEL features). Patients with one or both DEL features had a 5‐fold and 13‐fold higher 5‐year risk of progression and/or death than patients without DEL features. These associations prevailed after adjusting for the NCCN‐IPI. DEL improved the discriminatory capability of the NCCN‐IPI (P = .0001). Furthermore, we could show that addition of DEL biology to the NCCN‐IPI significantly improved the score's discriminatory potential both toward progression‐free survival (increase in Harell's c = 0.15, P = .005) and overall survival (increase in Harell's c = 0.11, P = .029). In conclusion, DEL biology is a strong and simple‐to‐use predictor of adverse outcome in PCNSL. Addition of DEL to the NCCN‐IPI improves its prognostic potential. Disease progression from PCNSL harboring both DEL features is invariably fatal. This defines a novel PCNSL patient subset with a great unmet need for improved therapy.
Loss of p62 impairs bone turnover and inhibits PTH‐induced osteogenesis
Authors: Agas Dimitrios , Amaroli Andrea , Lacava Giovanna , Yanagawa Toru , Sabbieti Maria Giovanna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe p62 (also named sequestosome1/SQSTM1) is multidomain and multifunctional protein associated with several physiological and pathological conditions. A number of studies evidenced an involvement of p62 on the disruptive bone scenarios due to its participation in the inflammatory/osteoclastogenic pathways. However, so far, information regarding the function of p62 in the fine‐tuned processes underpinning the bone physiology are not well‐defined and are sometime discordant. We, previously, demonstrated that the intramuscular administration of a plasmid coding for p62 was able to contrast bone loss in a mouse model of osteopenia. Here, in vitro findings showed that the p62 overexpression in murine osteoblasts precursors enhanced their maturation while the p62 depletion by a specific siRNA, decreased osteoblasts differentiation. Consistently, the activity of osteoblasts from p62−/− mice was reduced compared with wild‐type. Also, morphometric analyses of bone from p62 knockout mice revealed a pathological phenotype characterized by a lower turnover that could be explained by the poor Runx2 protein synthesis in absence of p62. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates p62 expression and that the osteogenic effects of this hormone were totally abrogated in osteoblasts from p62‐deficient mice. Therefore, these findings, for the first time, highlight the important role of p62 both for the basal and for PTH‐stimulated bone remodeling.
Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives: Synthetic approaches and their FLT3 kinase inhibition
Authors: Elmongy Elshaymaa I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThienopyrimidines are popular purine bioisosteres, a fundamental piece of the human metabolome. The structural similarity of this scaffold with nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA made it an interesting moiety to be used in the design of kinase inhibitors. This review focuses on the chemistry of thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives and their potential activities against Fms‐like tyrosine kinase (FLT3kinase) in addition to their structure‐activity relationship studies.
Continuous Kinetic Sampling of Flow Polymerizations via Inline UV–Vis Spectroscopy
Authors: Lauterbach Felix , Abetz Volker 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGapless monitoring of polymerization reactions is of paramount interest for academia and the polymer industry, allowing for efficient reaction screening and precise tailoring of the polymeric products. Herein, UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) is employed as an operando measurement technique in continuous flow polymerization with ex situ calibration, to calculate monomer conversions with unprecedented resolution of only 10 s. A mathematical model based on volume contraction is provided for the first time, which yields monomer conversions from the absorption in the visible region for theoretically any homopolymerization. This model is validated for different monomers, solvents, and concentrations in a photoiniferter reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, proving the versatility of the presented setup. Notably, an ultralow measurement volume of merely a few hundred nanoliters is enough to ensure high accuracy.
Time‐dependent diffusion MRI as a probe of microstructural changes in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Porcari Paola , Hall Matt G. , Clark Chris A. , Greally Elizabeth , Straub Volker , Blamire Andrew M. 
Published: February 2020

Dystrophic muscles show a high variability of fibre sizes and altered sarcolemmal integrity, which are typically assessed by histology. Time‐dependent diffusion MRI is sensitive to tissue microstructure and its investigation through age‐related changes in dystrophic and healthy muscles may help the understanding of the onset and progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).We investigated the capability of time‐dependent diffusion MRI to quantify age and disease‐related changes in hind‐limb muscle microstructure between dystrophic (mdx) and wild‐type (WT) mice of three age groups (7.5, 22 and 44 weeks).Diffusion time‐dependent apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles were determined versus age and diffusion‐gradient orientation at six diffusion times (Δ; range: 25–350 ms). Mean muscle ADCs were compared between groups and ages, and correlated with T2, using Student's t test, one‐way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation, respectively. Muscle fibre sizes and sarcolemmal integrity were evaluated by histology and compared with diffusion measurements.Hind‐limb muscle ADC showed characteristic restricted diffusion behaviour in both mdx and WT animals with decreasing ADC values at longer Δ. Significant differences in ADC were observed at long Δ values (≥ 250 ms; p < 0.05, comparison between groups; p < 0.01, comparison between ages) with ADC increased by 5–15% in dystrophic muscles, indicative of reduced diffusion restriction. No significant correlation was found between T2 and ADC. Additionally, muscle fibre size distributions showed higher variability and lower mean fibre size in mdx than WT animals (p < 0.001). The extensive Evans Blue Dye uptake shown in dystrophic muscles revealed substantial sarcolemmal damage, suggesting diffusion measurements as more consistent with altered permeability rather than changes in muscle fibre sizes.This study shows the potential of diffusion MRI to non‐invasively discriminate between dystrophic and healthy muscles with enhanced sensitivity when using long Δ.
Towards novel super‐elastic foams based on isoperene rubber: Preparation and characterization
Authors: Vahidifar Ali , Esmizadeh Elnaz , Rodrigue Denis , Khonakdar Hossein A. , Wagenknecht Udo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA novel and conventional closed cell polyisoprene rubber (IR) foams were produced by a single step limited‐expansion and two step unlimited‐expansion foaming process, respectively. The effect of 3 to 12 part per hundred rubber (phr) of azodicarbonamide (ADC) foaming agent on their structure and properties of developed novel foams were studied. In developed novel foams, the density was strangely independent of ADC content; however, the cell sizes conversely related to ADC content and it decreased by 60% (555‐330 μm) and the internal cell pressure build up from 1 to 3.7 atm, which was related to pressure‐free foaming method. The both reasons of compressed gas trapped inside cells and constant density not only caused unique enhancement in novel foams mechanical properties as hardness and modulus but also improved their dynamic properties as hysteresis and elasticity. Results of conventional IR foams showed that, their foam density as well as dynamic and mechanical properties sharply decreased with increasing ADC content from 3 to 12 phr. For clear expression, in samples with 12 phr of ADC, novel developed foams have more foam density (180%), more hardness (240%), more modulus (290%), and smaller cell size (75%) than conventional foams. Finally, novel developed foams were super‐elastic material with no hysteresis and no plastic deformation while conventional foams had 40% hysteresis and 10% plastic deformation under the same compression conditions.
Influence of liquid coverage on the anticancer effects of a helium plasma jet on 3D tumor spheroids
Authors: Zhang Jishen , Liu Dingxin , Zhang Hao , Xia Wenjie , Liu Yifan , Sun Bowen , Xu Dehui , Guo Li , Kong Michael G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn clinical treatment, the presence or absence of transudate coverage of exposed tumor tissue may have a significant impact on the therapeutic effect of cold atmospheric plasma. Here, the anticancer effects of a plasma jet on three‐dimensional multicellular tumor spheroids with or without liquid coverage were examined. It was found that cell viability decreased more rapidly without liquid coverage than with liquid coverage. Apoptotic cells and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were mainly distributed in the areas of the spheroids directly irradiated by the plasma jet without liquid coverage. However, with liquid coverage, they were distributed throughout the outermost layers of the whole spheroids. Importantly, liquid can help ROS penetrate into spheroids and prolong the anticancer effects of plasma.
Nanocrystal‐based inorganic nanocomposites: A new paradigm for plasma‐produced optoelectronic thin films
Authors: Beaudette Chad A. , Wang Xiaojia , Kortshagen Uwe R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNanocrystal‐based nanocomposites are biphasic materials with intriguing optoelectronic properties. They are formed through, first, plasma‐synthesis of nanocrystals, followed by a second, supersonic impact deposition on translated substrates to form densely packed nanocrystal networks at high deposition rates. Third, dense nanocomposites are formed by subsequent infilling of the voids in the nanocrystal networks with a second phase matrix material using thermal‐ or plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition. This paper reviews recent efforts to achieve excellent electronic transport in these nanocomposites. It then provides a perspective on how the biphasic nature of these materials can be used to independently control several materials properties and endow materials with multiple functionalities.
The role of anti‐flavivirus humoral immune response in protection and pathogenesis
Authors: Hurtado‐Monzón Arianna Mahely , Cordero‐Rivera Carlos Daniel , Farfan‐Morales Carlos Noe , Osuna‐Ramos Juan Fidel , De Jesús‐González Luis Adrián , Reyes‐Ruiz José Manuel , del Ángel Rosa María 
Published: February 2020

SummaryFlavivirus infections are a public health threat in the world that requires the development of safe and effective vaccines. Therefore, the understanding of the anti‐flavivirus humoral immune response is fundamental to future studies on flavivirus pathogenesis and the design of anti‐flavivirus therapeutics. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the function and involvement of flavivirus proteins in the humoral immune response as well as the ability of the anti‐envelope (anti‐E) antibodies to interfere (neutralizing antibodies) or not (non‐neutralizing antibodies) with viral infection, and how they can, in some circumstances enhance dengue virus infection on Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) bearing cells through a mechanism known as antibody‐dependent enhancement (ADE). Thus, the dual role of the antibodies against E protein poses a formidable challenge for vaccine development. Also, we discuss the roles of antibody binding stoichiometry (the concentration, affinity, or epitope recognition) in the neutralization of flaviviruses and the “breathing” of flavivirus virions in the humoral immune response. Finally, the relevance of some specific antibodies in the design and improvement of effective vaccines is addressed.
New Di(heteroaryl)ethenes as Apoptotic Anti‐proliferative Agents Towards Breast Cancer: Design, One‐Pot Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Bonaccorso Carmela , Naletova Irina , Satriano Cristina , Spampinato Giorgia , Barresi Vincenza , Fortuna Cosimo G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new series of di(heteroaryl)ethenes was designed and synthesized by combining 5‐(dichlorophenyl)‐furan‐2‐yl and N‐substituted pyridinum moieties. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their anticancer activity against the MCF‐7 human breast cancer cell line. Most of the tested compounds showed moderate to potent cell growth inhibition; in particular, four of these exhibited promising cytotoxicity against this cell line, with IC50 values in the range of 0.30–0.005 μM. In addition, the potential mechanism of cell growth inhibition and apoptotic induction by these compounds was investigated by using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Based on these results, we identified a new and alternative class of anticancer agents that have the potential to be developed as leads.
Preparation of Solid‐Solution TiS2−xSex Nanosheets by Liquid Phase Exfoliation
Authors: Oshima Yosuke , Nakamura Yuki , Tezuka Keitaro , Shan Yue Jin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets have attracted attention as novel inorganic materials. In this study, solid‐solution TiS2−xSex nanosheets were prepared using a liquid phase exfoliation method. The bulk TiS2−xSex was synthesized by solid‐state reaction between Ti, S, and Se. The obtained bulk TiS2−xSex was exfoliated to form TiS2−xSex nanosheets either by ultrasonic treatment or by Li intercalation. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements showed that monolayer TiSSe nanosheets were formed by the Li intercalation exfoliation method.