bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation Of Thematic Learning In Raudhatul Atfhal Al-Ghazali Medan
Authors: Nurul Hafizah Rusydi Ananda, 
Published: December 2020

The research objectives are to find out: (1) thematic learning planning (2) implementation of thematic learning (3) evaluation of thematic learning and (4) Supporting and inhibiting factors of thematic learning in Raudhatul Athfal Al-Ghazali Medan. The study was conducted at Raudhatul Athfal Al-Ghazali Medan. The method used is a qualitative research method. Data sources are the principal, teachers and students. Data retrieved through observation, documentation, and interviews. Data are analyzed based on data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. Research findings show; (1) Thematic learning planning conducted by Raudhatul Atfhal Al-Ghazali Medan teacher is to prepare plan learning at the beginning of the semester by considering competency standards, core competencies, mission vision and school goals as well as the needs of children and activities close to the child's daily life. Furthermore, the plan learning and reported at the teacher meeting to get input from colleagues and head of Raudhatul Atfhal Al-Ghazali Medan, (2) the implementation of thematic learning at Raudhatul Atfhal Al-Ghazali Medan was carried out with exemplary learning methods, role playing, giving examples, lectures, discussion and observation. The learning method used is interesting to be followed by children, and children can be enthusiastic in following the learning process carried out, (3) evaluation of learning towards thematic learning at Raudhatul Atfhal Al-Ghazali Medan by providing a portfolio, in this case evaluating changes in behavior, children also can experience positive changes in his behavior after following the thematic learning process by the teacher Raudhatul Atfhal Al-Ghazali Medan.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) Tema Peduli Terhadap Makhluk Hidup Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Fahreza Febry , Nurjannah Nurjannah , Saputra Wandi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract: This study aims to determine the improvement of student learning outcomes through NHT model the theme of caring for living creatures in class IV SDN Peunaga Cut Ujong. The approach used is a qualitative approach. This type of research is classroom action research. Subjects taken in this study were 24 students. The object of this research is to increase student learning outcomes through NHT type of cooperative learning model. The study design consisted of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The data collection techniques used in this study are observatio, tests and documentation. The instruments in this study were observation sheets, test sheets, and validation sheets. The results obtained in the pre-action number of students who completed only 3 students or 15% of 20 students, and after applying the NHT model cycle I student learning outcomes increased but not yet maximum, the number of students who scored above the KKM only 11 people students or 55%, So that the second cycle needs to be held, after the implementation of the second cycle the student learning outcomes have increased and have reached the specified target then the cycle is stopped, where the number of students who have reached 18 people or 90% of the total number of students

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui model NHT tema peduli terhadap makhluk hidup siswa kelas IV SDN Peunaga Cut Ujong. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa 24 orang. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT. Rancangan penelitian terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, tes dan dokementasi. Intrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi, lembar tes, dan lembar validasi. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh pada pra tindakan jumlah siswa yang tuntas hanya 3 orang siswa atau 15% dari 20 orang siswa, dan sesudah menerapkan penerapan model NHT siklus I hasil belajar siswa meningkat namun belum maksimal, jumlah siswa yang mendapatkan nilai di atas KKM baru 11 orang siswa atau 55%, Sehingga perlu diadakan siklus II, setelah pelaksanaan siklus II hasil belajar siswa terjadi peningkatan dan sudah mencapai target yang telah ditentukan maka siklus dihentikan, dimana jumlah siswa yang tuntas mencapai 18 orang atau 90% dari jumlah siswa secara keseluruhan.
Efektifitas Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Celengan Gambar Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Tema Peduli Terhadap Makhluk Hidup Kelas IV SD
Authors: Aristia Kiki , Nasryah Cut Eva , Rahman Arief Aulia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of piggy learning media to improve student learning outcomes with the theme of caring for sentient beings in grade IV SD Peunaga Cut Ujong. The research approach used in this research is qualitative research. This type of research is classroom action research. The design of the research implementation consists of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, testing, and documentation. The instruments in this study were the observation sheet, test sheet, and validation sheet. Data processing techniques using the percentage formula. The results of this study were obtained in the pre-action percentage of the number of students who completed only 4 students or 20% of 20 students, and after the use of learning media piggy bank picture cycle I student learning outcomes increased but not yet maximum, the percentage of the number of students who got grades above KKM there were only 11 students or 55%. So that the second cycle needs to be held, after the implementation of the second cycle of student learning outcomes there is a very significant improvement and has reached the target that has been determined then the cycle is stopped, where the percentage of students who complete reaches 18 people or 90% of the total number of students. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan media pembelajaran celengan gambar untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa tema peduli terhadap makhluk hidup kelas IV SDN Peunaga Cut Ujong. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Rancangan pelaksanaan penelitian terdapat perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi, lembar tes, dan lembar validasi. Teknik pengolahan data dengan menggunakan rumus persentase. Hasil penelitian ini yang diperoleh pada pra tindakan persentase jumlah siswa yang tuntas hanya 4 orang siswa atau 20% dari 20 orang siswa, dan sesudah penggunaan media pembelajaran celengan gambar siklus I hasil belajar siswa meningkat namun belum maksimal, persentase jumlah siswa yang mendapatkan nilai di atas KKM baru 11 orang siswa atau 55%. Sehingga perlu diadakan siklus II, setelah pelaksanaan siklus II hasil belajar siswa terjadi peningkatan yang sangat signifikan dan sudah mencapai target yang telah ditentukan maka siklus dihentikan, dimana persentase jumlah siswa yang tuntas mencapai 18 orang atau 90% dari jumlah siswa secara keseluruhan.
Kemampuan Menulis Puisi Bebas Menggunakan Media Gambar Pada Siswa SMPK Santo Aloysius
Authors: Djumadin Hawiah , Bunga Rosa Dalima , Rini Maria Magdalena 
Published: December 2020

Abstract: This study aims to determine the ability to write free poetry using picture media in VII grade students of St. Aloysius Lengko Middle School, Golo Wangkung Village, Sambi Rampas District, East Manggarai Regency. The formulation of the problem in this research is how is the ability to write free poetry using picture media in VII grade students of St. Aloysius Lengko Middle School, Golo Wangkung Village, Sambi Rampas District, East Manggarai Regency? This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The sample in this study amounted to 40 students. Data collection techniques in the form of tests and documentation. The instrument used was a test sheet. The theory used is the theory of writing poetry, theory of learning strategies and learning evaluation theory. The results of the study of the ability to write poetry by using media images in students of the St. Aloysius Lengko Middle School VII class as a whole are classified as good with an average achievement of 77.47%. Completed students numbered 31 people with a percentage of 77.5%. While students who did not complete a total of 9 people with 22.5% presentse.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan menulis puisi bebas menggunakan media gambar pada Siswa kelas VII SMPK Santo Aloysius Lengko Ajang Kelurahan Golo Wangkung, Kecamatan Sambi Rampas, Kabupaten Manggarai Timur. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah kemampuan menulis puisi bebas menggunakan media gambar pada Siswa kelas VII SMPK Santo Aloysius Lengko Ajang Kelurahan Golo Wangkung, Kecamatan Sambi Rampas, Kabupaten Manggarai Timur? Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 40 orang siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa tes dan dokumentasi. Instrument yang digunakan adalah lembar tes. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori menulis puisi, teori startegi belajar mengajar dan teori evaluasi pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian kemampuan menulis puisi dengan menggunakan media gambar pada siswa SMPK Santo Aloysius Lengko Ajang kelas VII secara keseluruhan tergolong baik dengan rata-rata pencapaian 77,47%. Siswa yang tuntas berjumlah 31 orang dengan presentase 77,5%. Sedangkan siswa yang tidak tuntas bejumlah 9 orang dengan presentse 22,5%.
Peranan Pembelajaran PPKn dalam Menanamkan Nilai-Nilai Karakter Pada Siswa Kelas VIII di Mts Miftahul Ulum Sitiaji
Authors: Amelia Friska , Sarjono Sarjono , Hariyadi Ahmad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract: The role of the teacher is also very necessary to instill character values ​​in students. That the education of character values ​​is only possible if the values ​​given to the students' life practices are not only cognitive in mind. But also in daily practice the value of habituation activities, extracurricular activities, and attitude of behavior in teaching and learning activities. The objectives of the research are 1). To know the role of PPKn learning in instilling character values ​​in grade VIII MTs Miftahul Ulum Sitiaji Student , 2). To know the process of planting character values ​​through PPKn learning in grade VIII MTs Miftahul Ulum Sitiaji students , This research uses qualitative research. Researcher's data includes interviews, observations and documentation but because of he covid 19 outbreak this observation and documentation cannot be done. The results of this study are 1). The role of Pancasila nd civics educasion very important that involves a lot of character values ​​so that it can make the younger generation better directed, do positive things both not harming oneself or others. 2). The process of instilling character values ​​through learning PPKn is appropriate because it is already in the RPP listed.

Abstrak: peranan guru ppkn sangat diperlukan untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter pada siswanya. pendidikan nilai-nilai karakter hanya dimungkinkan apabila nilai-nilai diberikan pada praktik-praktik hidup siswa itu sendiri tidak hanya dalam penilian kognitif. Namun juga dalam praktik keseharian yang dinilai dari kegiatan pembiasaan , kegiatan ekstrakulikuler, dan sikap perilakunya dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Tujuan penilitian adalah 1).untuk mengetahui peranan pembelajaran PPKn dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter pada siswa kelas VIII di MTs Miftahul Ulum Sitiaji, 2). Untuk mengetahui proses penanaman nilai-nilai karakter melalui pembelajaran PPKn pada siswa kelas VIII di MTs Miftahul Ulum Sitiaji. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Data peneliti yaitu wawancara,observasi dan dokumentasi namun dengan adanya wabah covid 19 ini observasi dan dokumentasi tidak bisa dilakukan.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 1). peranan pembelajaran ppkn sangatlah penting dalam pemebelajaran ppkn banyak yang menyangkut nilai-nilai karakter sehingga bisa membuat generasi muda lebih terarah dengan baik,melakukan hal-hal positif baik tidak merugikan diri sendiri ataupun orang lain.2).proses penanaman nilai arakter melalui pemebelajaran PPKn sudah sesuai karena sudah ada dalam RPP yang tercantum.
How Albania Changed My Life
Authors: Watkins John 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT:
The process of intellectual discovery that is so much a part of the MSA conferences continues informally on the post-conference tours. The author focuses on his first MSA post-tour, the 2011 trip through Epiros and Albania. Highlights include dashing up mountainsides with colleagues, unsanctioned explorations of old communist prisons, and Virgilian epiphanies.
Lessons from Sovaldi: Fueling Innovation While Ensuring Access
Authors: Watrous Marc , Levine Daniel S. 
Published: December 2020

The case of Gilead Science’s hepatitis C therapy Sovaldi is a notable precursor to the larger debate over drug pricing, providing some important lessons, at a time when a new generation of potentially curative therapies are coming to market. In recent years, the pharmaceutical industry has pointed the finger at misaligned incentives, problems with payer benefit designs, a distorted rebate model, and hospital mark-ups as the cause of pricing and access issues. In order for progress to be made, the industry must acknowledge that it is the one entity across the supply chain that is responsible for establishing the initial price of a new medicine. Pointing to others without shouldering responsibility is misleading at best and intellectually dishonest at worst. Those that manufacture and commercialize medicines must play a leadership role in developing meaningful solutions to long-standing pricing issues. Pharmaceutical companies must demonstrate and articulate the value medicines deliver to all stakeholders. Taking a value-based approach, being cognizant of affordability issues, and delivering innovative medicines that address significant unmet medical needs is an important first step. Failing to do so, will leave the industry with a tarnished reputation and the likelihood of others implementing blunt instruments that will address these long-standing issues while threatening the life blood of the industry, innovation.
Association analysis of Suboptimal health Status: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Xue Yunlian , Huang Zhuomin , Liu Guihao , Feng Yefang , Xu Mengyao , Jiang Lijie , Xu Jun 
Published: December 2020

Background
Suboptimal health status (SHS) among urban residents is commonplace in China. However, factors influencing SHS have not been thoroughly explored, especially with regard to the effects of internal factors (e.g., personality and health awareness) on SHS.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with a nationally representative sample of 5460 Chinese urban residents..SHS was measured using the Suboptimal Health Mesurement Scale Version 1.0. Demographic information, and information pertaining to lifestyle behaviors, environmental factors, and internal factors were abtained through a questionnaire. The associations between demographic information, lifestyle behaviors, environmental factors, internal factors and SHS were assessed using logistic regression.

Results
Of the 5460 participants (with a mean age of 41.56 ± 16.14 years), 2640 (48.4 %) were men. Out of 36 variables, 23 were significantly associated with SHS: age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.014), an education level of high school/junior college (OR: 1.443) , marital status (OR: 1.899), area of registered permanent residence (OR: 0.767), monthly household income (p < 0.001) , exposure to second-hand smoke (p = 0.001), alcohol drinking (OR: 1.284), bad eating habits (OR: 1.717), not sleeping before 11 p.m. every day (p = 0.002), spending time online more than five hours a day (OR: 1.526), having a good relationship with parents during one’s growth period (OR: 0.602), living with good quality air (OR:0.817), living in not crowded conditions (OR:0.636), having a harmonious neighborhood (OR:0.775), having adequate fitness facilities (OR:0.783), one’s health being affected by two-child policy (OR: 1.468) and medical policies (OR: 1.265) , high adverse quotient (OR: 0.488), many (≥3 kinds) interests and hobbies (OR: 0.617), mature and steady personality traits (OR: 0.469) , a high attention to one’s health (OR: 0.833), and effective health promotion induced by leading a leisurely lifestyle (OR: 0.466) were significantly associated with SHS.

Conclusions
All these variables were included demographic information, lifestyle behaviors, environmental factors and internal factors. Our study supports the benefits of controlling both internal and external factors in preventing suboptimal health.
The Efficacy of Remdesivir Drug to Control the Recently Emerged Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): A Review Study
Authors: Batool Humera , Baksh Mizba , Batool Khatja , Rafique Zainab , Shahab Sibghatullah , Humayun Ghulam Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Remdesivir is among the investigational drugs which show some promising effect against COVID-19, it may be due to its broad-spectrum antiviral action against some RNA viruses. To date very few clinical studies have been conducted on the use of remdesivir to the treatment of COVID-19. The main objective of the present study was, to conduct a review on the effect of Remdesivir to the treatment of COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review on the effect of remdesivir drug to the treatment of COVID-19.
Methodology: We have searched PubMed, for published studies on assessing the effect of remdesivir drug among patients with confirmed COVID-19. The main search terms used were “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2”, “remdesivir”, and “systematic review”.
Results: Only 11 research articles were found eligible for enclosure in this systematic review, among selected studies only two were randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous remdesivir. Data on the efficacy of remdesivir in the patients with confirmed COVID-19 from clinical Phase-III trials are still pending. Recently, in the latter half of May month, results of two hospital based randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trials studies were reported, both the studies found that remdesivir was efficient in the treatment of patients with confirmed COVID-19. However, Wang et al., (2020) found that remdesivir treatment was not significantly associated with clinical benefits.
Conclusion: From the systematic review, the use of remdesivir to cure patients with confirms COVID-19 was found promising; however, further clinical studies with large patient size need to be considered. The efficacy and safety of remdesivir in the treatment of COVID-19 will require to be emphasized in future research studies.
The Effects of Lamotrigine on Fetus Resorption and Histologic Changes in Cranium of Fetus of Albino Mice
Authors: Shaikh Nadeemuddin , Khilji Abdullah , Rizvi Syed Faizan Ali , Ramejo Bushra Begum , Shafqat Hafsa , Shaikh Noor Ahmed 
Published: December 2020

Background: Lamotrigine is a member of antiepileptic drugs, it belongs to the sodium channel blocking agent’s class and it is pregnancy category C drug. While its teratogenic effects are not hidden by the doctors but it is the preferred drug being prescribed in pregnancy. The current study aims to investigate the effects of fetus resorption and histologic changes in cranium of fetus of albino mice and to compare their weight changes due to lamotrigine therapy.
Methodology: It was an experimental animal study conducted in collaboration of anatomy and surgery department at animal house of University of Lahore in 2019. The duration of study was 25 days, twenty-four albino mice (12 males and 12 females) were placed in conventional cages in pairs for mating purpose. Female mice Group A, controls in which normal saline was administered intraperitoneally on 10th day of gestation and Group B, in which lamotrigine was given intraperitoneally on the 10th day at the dose of 10 mg/kg. Maternal health was monitored daily during the intervention. Body weight, food and water consumption, and changes in general health, behavior, activity and any sign of toxicity were checked daily. After 18th day the pregnant mice were sacrificed under euthanasia and fetuses were removed and histologic assessment was carried out.
Results: Weight of mice treated with lamotrigine decreased significantly (p-value=0.03) and fetus resorptions were also more (p-value=0.013) in Group B. Histologic assessment reveled that there were cleft of lip and palate in group B.
Conclusion: Lamotrigine increased the fetal resorption and decrease the weight and seemed to be responsible for inducing cleft of lip and palate at 10mg/kg dose in albino mice.
Investigations of cerebrospinal fluid in Borna disease virus seropositive psychiatric patients
Authors: Bechter K , Herzog S , Behr W , Schüttler R 
Published: July 2002

SummaryBorna disease virus (BDV) appears to cause meningoencephalitis and schizophreniform psychosis in sporadic cases according to earlier cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inoculation experiments (Rott et al, 1991). However, CSF parameters in BDV seropositive psychiatric patients proved nearly all normal; only the most sensitive CSF/serum index I-BDV for intrathecally produced BDV specific IgG was pathologic in 10.5–29.0% (according to different methodological limits) of patients. An increase in sensitivity was attempted to detect specific IgG in CSF in a part of the cases by concentration. Concentration procedure does not significantly increase methodological bias according to a statistical analysis of the results. Our findings support the hypothesis that BDV may cause or contribute to the pathogenesis of a diagnostically broad pattern of psychiatric syndromes. The occurence of a spectrum of diagnoses is expected from non-specificity of psychiatric symptoms in other infectious diseases of the brain as well as from results in experimental Borna disease (BD) in animals, when a majority of the animals showed rather unspecific symptomatology due to slight, preferentially limbic encephalitis. Slight deficiencies from an earlier BDV infection could explain continuing symptoms in a part of the cases. Recurrences years after infection are well known in experimental and natural BD in animals. It remains open, whether this mechanism could play a more prominent role in a form of “symptomatic” cyclothymia and “symptomatic” schizophrenia, although the results of CSF investigations are more clear in BDV seropositive patients with major psychoses.