bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geology of the InSight landing site on Mars
Authors: Golombek M. , Warner N. H. , Grant J. A. , Hauber E. , Ansan V. , Weitz C. M. , Williams N. , Charalambous C. , Wilson S. A. , DeMott A. , Kopp M. , Lethcoe-Wilson H. , Berger L. , Hausmann R. , Marteau E. , Vrettos C. , Trussell A. , Folkner W. , Le Maistre S. , Mueller N. , Grott M. , Spohn T. , Piqueux S. , Millour E. , Forget F. , Daubar I. , Murdoch N. , Lognonné P. , Perrin C. , Rodriguez S. , Pike W. T. , Parker T. , Maki J. , Abarca H. , Deen R. , Hall J. , Andres P. , Ruoff N. , Calef F. , Smrekar S. , Baker M. M. , Banks M. , Spiga A. , Banfield D. , Garvin J. , Newman C. E. , Banerdt W. B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) spacecraft landed successfully on Mars and imaged the surface to characterize the surficial geology. Here we report on the geology and subsurface structure of the landing site to aid in situ geophysical investigations. InSight landed in a degraded impact crater in Elysium Planitia on a smooth sandy, granule- and pebble-rich surface with few rocks. Superposed impact craters are common and eolian bedforms are sparse. During landing, pulsed retrorockets modified the surface to reveal a near surface stratigraphy of surficial dust, over thin unconsolidated sand, underlain by a variable thickness duricrust, with poorly sorted, unconsolidated sand with rocks beneath. Impact, eolian, and mass wasting processes have dominantly modified the surface. Surface observations are consistent with expectations made from remote sensing data prior to landing indicating a surface composed of an impact-fragmented regolith overlying basaltic lava flows.
Hyperactivated PTP1B phosphatase in parvalbumin neurons alters anterior cingulate inhibitory circuits and induces autism-like behaviors
Authors: Zhang Li , Qin Zhaohong , Ricke Konrad M. , Cruz Shelly A. , Stewart Alexandre F. R. , Chen Hsiao-Huei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have social interaction deficits and difficulty filtering information. Inhibitory interneurons filter information at pyramidal neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), an integration hub for higher-order thalamic inputs important for social interaction. Humans with deletions including LMO4, an endogenous inhibitor of PTP1B, display intellectual disabilities and occasionally autism. PV-Lmo4KO mice ablate Lmo4 in PV interneurons and display ASD-like repetitive behaviors and social interaction deficits. Surprisingly, increased PV neuron-mediated peri-somatic feedforward inhibition to the pyramidal neurons causes a compensatory reduction in (somatostatin neuron-mediated) dendritic inhibition. These homeostatic changes increase filtering of mediodorsal-thalamocortical inputs but reduce filtering of cortico-cortical inputs and narrow the range of stimuli ACC pyramidal neurons can distinguish. Simultaneous ablation of PTP1B in PV-Lmo4KO neurons prevents these deficits, indicating that PTP1B activation in PV interneurons contributes to ASD-like characteristics and homeostatic maladaptation of inhibitory circuits may contribute to deficient information filtering in ASD.
Clinical quantitative cardiac imaging for the assessment of myocardial ischaemia
Authors:   on behalf of the Quantitative Cardiac Imaging Study Group, Dewey Marc , Siebes Maria , Kachelrieß Marc , Kofoed Klaus F. , Maurovich-Horvat Pál , Nikolaou Konstantin , Bai Wenjia , Kofler Andreas , Manka Robert , Kozerke Sebastian , Chiribiri Amedeo , Schaeffter Tobias , Michallek Florian , Bengel Frank , Nekolla Stephan , Knaapen Paul , Lubberink Mark , Senior Roxy , Tang Meng-Xing , Piek Jan J. , van de Hoef Tim , Martens Johannes , Schreiber Laura 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCardiac imaging has a pivotal role in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of ischaemic heart disease. SPECT is most commonly used for clinical myocardial perfusion imaging, whereas PET is the clinical reference standard for the quantification of myocardial perfusion. MRI does not involve exposure to ionizing radiation, similar to echocardiography, which can be performed at the bedside. CT perfusion imaging is not frequently used but CT offers coronary angiography data, and invasive catheter-based methods can measure coronary flow and pressure. Technical improvements to the quantification of pathophysiological parameters of myocardial ischaemia can be achieved. Clinical consensus recommendations on the appropriateness of each technique were derived following a European quantitative cardiac imaging meeting and using a real-time Delphi process. SPECT using new detectors allows the quantification of myocardial blood flow and is now also suited to patients with a high BMI. PET is well suited to patients with multivessel disease to confirm or exclude balanced ischaemia. MRI allows the evaluation of patients with complex disease who would benefit from imaging of function and fibrosis in addition to perfusion. Echocardiography remains the preferred technique for assessing ischaemia in bedside situations, whereas CT has the greatest value for combined quantification of stenosis and characterization of atherosclerosis in relation to myocardial ischaemia. In patients with a high probability of needing invasive treatment, invasive coronary flow and pressure measurement is well suited to guide treatment decisions. In this Consensus Statement, we summarize the strengths and weaknesses as well as the future technological potential of each imaging modality.
Prediction of the Cochlear Implant Electrode Insertion Depth: Clinical Applicability of two Analytical Cochlear Models
Authors: Mertens G. , Van Rompaey V. , Van de Heyning P. , Gorris E. , Topsakal V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough the spiral anatomy of the human cochlea seems evident, measuring the highly inter-variable true dimensions is still challenging. Today, only a few three-dimensional reconstruction models of the inner ear are available. Previously, spiral equations were applied to two-dimensional computed tomography (CT) images to predict the electrode insertion depth prior to cochlear implantation. The study aimed primarily to compare the clinical applicability of two analytical cochlear models using a recently introduced planning software to predict the insertion depth of the electrode array of 46 cochlear implant recipients. One was based upon the Escudé formula, which relies only on the basal turn diameter, and another based upon the Elliptic-Circular Approximation (ECA), using the diameter and width. Each case was measured twice by two ENT surgeons. Secondly, in order to measure the benefit of the new planning software over the use of the existing clinical routine method, the results were compared to the prediction based upon a two-dimensional CT image. The intra -and inter-observer agreement using the planning software was significantly better when the ECA was applied, compared to the Escudé formula (p < 0.01). As a reference, the predicted insertion depth was compared to the actual insertion depth measured on post-operative images. The mean absolute error was |2.36| (|1.11|) mm in case of the Escudé approach and |1.19| (|0.92|) mm in case of the ECA. The use of a new planning software that allows three-dimensional handling, integrating the diameter and width of the basal turn (ECA formula), resulted in the most accurate predictions of the electrode insertion depths.
High HIV-1 diversity in immigrants resident in Italy (2008–2017)
Authors: Maggiorella Maria Teresa , Sanarico Nunzia , Brindicci Gaetano , Monno Laura , Santoro Carmen Rita , Coppola Nicola , Cuomo Nunzia , Azzurri Annalisa , Cesario Francesco , Luciani Filippo , El-Hamad Issa , D’Ettorre Gabriella , Turriziani Ombretta , Mazzuti Laura , Poggi Alessandra , Vichi Francesca , Mariabelli Elisa , Surace Lorenzo , Berardelli Giuseppina , Picconi Orietta , Cenci Alessandra , Sernicola Leonardo , Rovetto Claudia , Fulgenzi Domenico , Belli Roberto , Salvi Emanuela , Zeo Patrizia Di , Borsetti Alessandra , Ridolfi Barbara , Losappio Ruggero , Zoboli Fabio , Schietroma Ivan , Cella Eleonora , Angeletti Silvia , Ciccozzi Massimo , D’Amato Stefania , Ensoli Barbara , Buttò Stefano ,   the Italian Network for HIV Characterization, Angarano Gioacchino , Babudieri Sergio , Scheri Giuseppe Corano , Lichtner Miriam , Martini Salvatore , Mazzella Annamaria , Romano Nicola , Pansera Alfredo , Pontali Emanuele , Raddi Adriana , Starnini Giulio , Dell’Isola Serena 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe proportion of new diagnoses of HIV infection in immigrants residing in Italy raised from 11% in 1992 to 29.7% in 2018. To investigate the HIV clades circulating in this community a retrospective study was performed in 557 HIV-infected immigrants living in 12 Italian cities. Immigrants originated from East-Europe and Central-Asia (11.7%), North Africa and Middle East (7.3%), South and South-East Asia (7.2%), Latin America and the Caribbean (14.4%), and sub-Saharan Africa (59.4%). More than 87% of immigrants were on antiretroviral therapy (ART), although 26.6% of them were viremic. A 22.0% of immigrants had hepatitis (HBV and/or HCV) and/or tuberculosis. HIV phylogenetic analysis on sequences from 192 immigrants showed the presence of clades B (23.4%), G (16.1%), C (10.4%), A1 (9.4%), F1 (5.2%), D (1.6%) and Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) (33.9%). CRF02_AG represented 72.3% of the total CRFs. Clusters between immigrants and Italian natives were also present. Drug resistance mutations to NRTI, NNRTI, and PI drug classes occurred in 29.1% of ART-treated and in 12.9% of ART-naïve individuals. These data highlight the need for tailored public health interventions in immigrants to avoid spreading in Italy of HIV genetic forms and ART-resistant variants, as well as HIV co-morbidities.
A representative metalloprotease induces PGE2 synthesis in fibroblast-like synoviocytes via the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway with amplification by IL-1β and the EP4 receptor
Authors: Viana Mariana N. , Leiguez Elbio , Gutiérrez José M. , Rucavado Alexandra , Markus Regina P. , Marçola Marina , Teixeira Catarina , Fernandes Cristina M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInflammatory joint conditions are characterized by synovial inflammation, which involves activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and production of inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) in joints. This study showed that the snake venom metalloprotease (SVMP) BaP1 activates FLSs to produce PGE2 by a mechanism dependent on COX-2, mPGES-1 and iPLA2s. BaP1 also induces IL-1β release, which up-regulates the production of PGE2 at a late stage of the stimulation. Expression of COX-2 and mPGES-1 are induced by BaP1 via activation of NF-κB pathway. While NF-κB p50 and p65 subunits are involved in up-regulation of COX-2 expression, only p65 is involved in BaP1-induced mPGES-1 expression. In addition, BaP1 up-regulates EP4 receptor expression. Engagement of this receptor by PGE2 triggers a positive feedback loop for its production by up-regulating expression of key components of the PGE2 biosynthetic cascade (COX-2, mPGES-1 and the EP4 receptor), thus contributing to amplification of BaP1-induced effects in FLSs. These data highlight the importance of FLS as a target for metalloproteases in joint inflammation and provide new insights into the roles of MMPs in inflammatory joint diseases. Moreover, our results may give insights into the importance of the catalytic domain, of MMPs for the inflammatory activity of these enzymes.
The behavioral, cellular and immune mediators of HIV-1 acquisition: New insights from population genetics
Authors: Powell Timothy R. , Duarte Rodrigo R. R. , Hotopf Matthew , Hatch Stephani L. , de Mulder Rougvie Miguel , Breen Gerome D. , Lewis Cathryn M. , Nixon Douglas F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMillions are exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) every year, but not all acquire the virus, suggesting a potential role for host genetics in the moderation of HIV-1 acquisition. Here, we analyzed summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association study of HIV-1 acquisition to-date, consisting of 6,334 infected patients and 7,247 population controls, to advance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms implicated in this trait. We found that HIV-1 acquisition is polygenic and heritable, with SNP heritability estimates explaining 28–42% of the variance in this trait at a population level. Genetic correlations alongside UK Biobank data revealed associations with smoking, prospective memory and socioeconomic traits. Gene-level enrichment analysis identified EF-hand calcium binding domain 14 as a novel susceptibility gene for HIV–1 acquisition. We also observed that susceptibility variants for HIV-1 acquisition were significantly enriched for genes expressed in T-cells, but also in striatal and hippocampal neurons. Finally, we tested how polygenic risk scores for HIV-1 acquisition influence blood levels of 35 inflammatory markers in 406 HIV-1-negative individuals. We found that higher genetic risk for HIV-1 acquisition was associated with lower levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 17. Our findings corroborate a complex model for HIV-1 acquisition, whereby susceptibility is partly heritable and moderated by specific behavioral, cellular and immunological parameters.
Machine Learning Analysis for Quantitative Discrimination of Dried Blood Droplets
Authors: Hamadeh Lama , Imran Samia , Bencsik Martin , Sharpe Graham R. , Johnson Michael A. , Fairhurst David J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOne of the most interesting and everyday natural phenomenon is the formation of different patterns after the evaporation of liquid droplets on a solid surface. The analysis of dried patterns from blood droplets has recently gained a lot of attention, experimentally and theoretically, due to its potential application in diagnostic medicine and forensic science. This paper presents evidence that images of dried blood droplets have a signature revealing the exhaustion level of the person, and discloses an entirely novel approach to studying human dried blood droplet patterns. We took blood samples from 30 healthy young male volunteers before and after exhaustive exercise, which is well known to cause large changes to blood chemistry. We objectively and quantitatively analysed 1800 images of dried blood droplets, developing sophisticated image processing analysis routines and optimising a multivariate statistical machine learning algorithm. We looked for statistically relevant correlations between the patterns in the dried blood droplets and exercise-induced changes in blood chemistry. An analysis of the various measured physiological parameters was also investigated. We found that when our machine learning algorithm, which optimises a statistical model combining Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as an unsupervised learning method and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) as a supervised learning method, is applied on the logarithmic power spectrum of the images, it can provide up to 95% prediction accuracy, in discriminating the physiological conditions, i.e., before or after physical exercise. This correlation is strongest when all ten images taken per volunteer per condition are averaged, rather than treated individually. Having demonstrated proof-of-principle, this method can be applied to identify diseases.
Intra-specific Niche Partitioning in Antarctic Fur Seals, Arctocephalus gazella
Authors: Jones Kayleigh A. , Ratcliffe Norman , Votier Stephen C. , Newton Jason , Forcada Jaume , Dickens John , Stowasser Gabriele , Staniland Iain J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCompetition for resources within a population can lead to niche partitioning between sexes, throughout ontogeny and among individuals, allowing con-specifics to co-exist. We aimed to quantify such partitioning in Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, breeding at South Georgia, which hosts ~95% of the world’s population. Whiskers were collected from 20 adult males and 20 adult females and stable isotope ratios were quantified every 5 mm along the length of each whisker. Nitrogen isotope ratios (δ15N) were used as proxies for trophic position and carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) indicated foraging habitat. Sexual segregation was evident: δ13C values were significantly lower in males than females, indicating males spent more time foraging south of the Polar Front in maritime Antarctica. In males δ13C values declined with age, suggesting males spent more time foraging south throughout ontogeny. In females δ13C values revealed two main foraging strategies: 70% of females spent most time foraging south of the Polar Front and had similar δ15N values to males, while 30% of females spent most time foraging north of the Polar Front and had significantly higher δ15N values. This niche partitioning may relax competition and ultimately elevate population carrying capacity with implications for ecology, evolution and conservation.
MiR-34a Interacts with Cytochrome c and Shapes Stroke Outcomes
Authors: Hu Heng , Hone Emily A. , Provencher Edward A. P. , Sprowls Samuel A. , Farooqi Imran , Corbin Deborah R. , Sarkar Saumyendra N. , Hollander John M. , Lockman Paul R. , Simpkins James W. , Ren Xuefang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBlood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction occurs in cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders such as stroke. Opening of the BBB during a stroke has a negative impact on acute outcomes. We have recently demonstrated that miR-34a regulates the BBB by targeting cytochrome c (CYC) in vitro. To investigate the role of miR-34a in a stroke, we purified primary cerebrovascular endothelial cells (pCECs) from mouse brains following 1 h transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and measured real-time PCR to detect miR-34a levels. We demonstrate that the miR-34a levels are elevated in pCECs from tMCAO mice at the time point of BBB opening following 1 h tMCAO and reperfusion. Interestingly, knockout of miR-34a significantly reduces BBB permeability, alleviates disruption of tight junctions, and improves stroke outcomes compared to wild-type (WT) controls. CYC is decreased in the ischemic hemispheres and pCECs from WT but not in miR-34a−/− mice following stroke reperfusion. We further confirmed CYC is a target of miR-34a by a dural luciferase reporter gene assay in vitro. Our study provides the first description of miR-34a affecting stroke outcomes and may lead to discovery of new mechanisms and treatments for cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke.
Indeno[1,2-b]thiophene End-capped Perylene Diimide: Should the 1,6-Regioisomers be systematically considered as a byproduct?
Authors: Simón Marqués Pablo , Tintori Francesco , Andrés Castán José María , Josse Pierre , Dalinot Clément , Allain Magali , Welch Gregory , Blanchard Philippe , Cabanetos Clément 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUsually considered as a byproduct, the 1,6-dibrominated PDI has rarely been functionalized for the preparation of electro-active conjugated molecules, particularly in the field of organic photovoltaics. In light of the literature, one can ask oneself: Does a 1,7-isomer based functional molecule systematically perform better than its 1,6-analogue? To answer this question, we report herein the synthesis and direct comparison of two indeno[1,2-b]thiophene (IDT) end-capped perylene diimide regioisomers (PDI) (1,6 and 1,7) used as non-fullerene acceptors in organic solar cells. It turned out that in our case, ie, when blended with the well-known PTB7-Th donor polymer, higher performance was reached for devices made with the 1,6-analogue.
Bioactive carbon improves nitrogen fertiliser efficiency and ecological sustainability
Authors: Espie Peter , Ridgway Haley 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAgriculture’s most pressing challenge is raising global food production while minimising environmental degradation. Nutrient deficiencies, principally nitrogen (N), limit production requiring future increases in fertiliser use and risk to proximal non-agricultural ecosystems. We investigated combining humate with urea, globally the most widely used N-suppling fertiliser, in a four-year field study. Humate increased pasture yield by 9.8% more than urea and significantly altered soil microbial diversity and function. Humate increased N retention suggesting microbial sequestration may lower N leaching and volatilisation losses. Humic microbial bio-stimulation could feasibly increase fertiliser efficiency and development of ecologically sustainable agriculture.
Role of core-shell energetics on anti-Mackay, chiral stacking in AgCu nanoalloys and thermally induced transition to chiral stacking
Authors: Settem Manoj , Kanjarla Anand K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn AgCu nanoalloys a size-dependent transition to the chiral stacking from the anti-Mackay stacking has been predicted previously. This trend is explained by considering the interplay between the core-shell energetics. Results indicate that the energy changes in the Ag shell alone is not sufficient to explain the stability of the chiral stacking and the energy changes in the Cu core also need to be considered. In addition to this, thermally induced transition to chiral stacking was observed at sizes where anti-Mackay stacking is energetically favourable. On transition to the chiral stacking, the Ag-Ag, Ag-Cu and Cu-Cu bond lengths change significantly. These observations are also applicable for AgCu nanoalloys with incomplete Ag shells.
Subcellular Compartmentalization of Survivin is Associated with Biological Aggressiveness and Prognosis in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hennigs Jan K. , Minner Sarah , Tennstedt Pierre , Löser Rolf , Huland Hartwig , Klose Hans , Graefen Markus , Schlomm Thorsten , Sauter Guido , Bokemeyer Carsten , Honecker Friedemann 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe role of subcellular survivin compartmentalization in the biology and prognosis of prostate cancer is unclear. We therefore investigated subcellular localization of survivin in more than 3000 prostate cancer patients by quantitative immunohistochemistry and performed transcriptomics of 250 prostate cancer patients and healthy donors using publicly available datasets. Survivin (BIRC5) gene expression was increased in primary prostate cancers and metastases, but did not differ in recurrent vs non-recurrent prostate cancers. Survivin immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was limited exclusively to the nucleus in 900 prostate cancers (40.0%), and accompanied by various levels of cytoplasmic positivity in 1338 tumors (59.4%). 0.5% of prostate cancers did not express survivin. Nuclear and cytoplasmic survivin staining intensities were strongly associated with each other, pT category, and higher Gleason scores. Cytoplasmic but not nuclear survivin staining correlated with high tumor cell proliferation in prostate cancers. Strong cytoplasmic survivin staining, but not nuclear staining predicted an unfavorable outcome in univariate analyses. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that survivin is not an independent prognostic marker. In conclusion, we provide evidence that survivin expression is increased in prostate cancers, especially in metastatic disease, resulting in higher aggressiveness and tumor progression. In addition, subcellular compartmentalization is an important aspect of survivin cancer biology, as only cytoplasmic, but not nuclear survivin accumulation is linked to biological aggressiveness and prognosis of prostate cancers.