bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 pandemic impact on urology residencies in Asia ‐ An observational study
Authors: Ngoo Kay Seong , Fadzli Ahmad Nazran , Amponin Mark Oliver Christian Sebastian E. , Cho Sung Yong , Chuang Yao‐Chi , Horiguchi Akio , Karthikeyan Vilvapathy Senguttuvan , Morshed Md Selim , Situmorang Gerhard Reinaldi , Tan Tinh Chung , Teoh Jeremy Yuen‐Chun , Thaidumrong Tanet , Ong Teng‐Aik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid‐19) pandemic affected surgical training in many ways. This observational study was carried out to evaluate the impact of Covid‐19 on urological residencies across Asia.MethodologyAn open‐ended survey questionnaire examining key areas in a urology training program was distributed to several urologists in Asia. The survey evaluated seven areas including the burden of Covid‐19 disease, the need for re‐deployment of residents, the impact on clinical work, the effect on research work for residents, the delivery of teaching to the residents, the impact on training and assessments, the effects on mental, personal health and social welfare of residents.ResultsReports from 11 Asian countries were analysed. There is stark variability in Covid‐19 disease burden across Asia. Re‐deployment occurred in selected Asian countries. Affected residents reported challenges obtaining personal protective equipment and training. Clinical workload and research were generally reduced except for countries reporting low volume Covid‐19 cases. Residents teaching evolved from in‐person to online platforms. Almost all residency program postponed their examinations. Mental health disturbance was more pronounced than personal health.ConclusionsThe Covid‐19 pandemic presented multiple obstacles to Asian urology residencies. The understanding of these challenges will assist program directors in developing mitigating measures.
Genome‐wide identification of target genes for transcription factor BR‐C in the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Guo Meng‐Pei , Qian Wen‐Liang , He Xue‐Chuan , Peng Jian , Wang Peng , Wang Wei‐Na , Xia Qing‐You , Cheng Dao‐Jun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTranscription factor Broad Complex (BR‐C) is an ecdysone primary response gene in insects and participates in the regulation of insect growth and development. In this study, we performed a genome‐wide identification of BR‐C target genes in silkworm (Bombyx mori) using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high‐throughput sequencing (ChIP‐seq). As a result, a total of 1006 BR‐C ChIP peaks were identified, and 15% of peaks were located in the promoter regions of 133 protein‐coding genes. Functional annotation revealed that these ChIP peak‐associated genes, as potential BR‐C targets, were enriched in pathways related to biosynthetic process, metabolic process, and development. Transcriptome analysis and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination revealed that developmental changes in expression patterns of a portion of potential BR‐C targets, including HR96 and GC‐α1, were similar to those of BR‐C. ChIP‐PCR examination confirmed that BR‐C could directly bind to the promoters of potential targets. Further, dual luciferase assays demonstrated that HR96 promoter activity was significantly upregulated following BR‐C overexpression, and this upregulation was abolished when the binding motif in the promoter was truncated. This study will be helpful for deciphering the regulatory roles of BR‐C during insect growth and development.
Systematic review of safety and efficacy of belimumab in treating immune‐mediated disorders
Authors: Kaegi Celine , Steiner Urs C. , Wuest Benjamin , Crowley Catherine , Boyman Onur 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundBiologic agents (also termed biologics or biologicals) are becoming increasingly important in the treatment of immune‐mediated diseases. However, the diversity of clinical trials along with the fast pace of publication makes it difficult to determine the level of evidence for the use of a biologic for a given disorder. To address this challenge, we are publishing a series of systematic reviews evaluating the safety and efficacy of B cell–targeting biologics for the treatment of immune‐mediated diseases. In this article, we have assessed the safety and efficacy of belimumab, a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting the cytokine B cell–activating factor (BAFF).ObjectiveTo evaluate belimumab's safety and efficacy for the treatment of immune‐mediated disorders compared to placebo, conventional treatment or other biologics.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) checklist guided the reporting of the data. We searched the PubMed database between October 4, 2016, and June 23, 2019, concentrating on immune‐mediated disorders.ResultsThe literature search identified 583 articles. After screening titles and abstracts against the inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessing full texts, 17 articles were finally included in a narrative synthesis.ConclusionsBelimumab is both safe and effective for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Results were further promising for the use of belimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren’s syndrome. Conversely, results using belimumab in patients with anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis and myasthenia gravis were rather disappointing.
The ties that mobilize us: Networks, intergroup contact, and participation in the Black Lives Matter movement
Authors: Hong Pamela M. , Peoples Clayton D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractScholarship on peoples’ involvement in social movements shows that social networks predict movement participation. Research in this area has traditionally focused on connections to activists—but other kinds of social relationships, such as intergroup contact, may matter as well. In this study, unique data were collected from both a student sample and a general sample of the population to examine how intergroup contact—namely, social ties with African Americans—affects whites’ participation in the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement. In both samples, intergroup contact is a significant predictor of participation in BLM, net of other factors. The study's findings suggest that social ties outside of activist networks can matter greatly for movement participation; they also suggest that intergroup contact can affect more than just attitudes—it can spur collective action.
Multiculturalism and social cohesion: A Japanese community’s perceptions of “being Australian”
Authors: Funaki Shinsuke , Hamano Takeshi , Phillips Ruth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBased on a large‐scale survey conducted with parents from Japanese language schools in Sydney in 2015, this paper aims to review multiple dimensions of social cohesion in the Japanese ethnic community in Australia. Looking at several indices such as economic, political, and cultural integration, the paper describes the social profile of the Japanese ethnic community, questioning the generic perception of the community as a coherent body of middle‐class migrants in Australia. This was achieved through a comparative analysis with outcomes of a national survey of the Australian population on social cohesion and draws attention to the ways in which a particular sense of social cohesion with Australian society is constructed by Japanese migrants. The study found a differentiated sense of belonging to the local community, country of residence (Australia), and nation of origin (Japan). It found communal diversity in the Japanese community resulting from there being a majority of women migrants who were part of cross‐border marriages and their children living in multicultural family circumstances. It was concluded that this configuration within the community leads to advocacy related to a re‐identification as a possible ethnic group of migrants that should be recognized in an inclusive migration settlement policy in Australia.
A spatial Bayesian latent factor model for image‐on‐image regression
Authors: Guo Cui , Kang Jian , Johnson Timothy D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImage‐on‐image regression analysis, using images to predict images, is a challenging task, due to (1) the high dimensionality and (2) the complex spatial dependence structures in image predictors and image outcomes. In this work, we propose a novel image‐on‐image regression model, by extending a spatial Bayesian latent factor model to image data, where low‐dimensional latent factors are adopted to make connections between high‐dimensional image outcomes and image predictors. We assign Gaussian process priors to the spatially varying regression coefficients in the model, which can well capture the complex spatial dependence among image outcomes as well as that among the image predictors. We perform simulation studies to evaluate the out‐of‐sample prediction performance of our method compared with linear regression and voxel‐wise regression methods for different scenarios. The proposed method achieves better prediction accuracy by effectively accounting for the spatial dependence and efficiently reduces image dimensions with latent factors. We apply the proposed method to analysis of multimodal image data in the Human Connectome Project where we predict task‐related contrast maps using subcortical volumetric seed maps.
Incorporation of somatic panels for the detection of haematopoietic transformation in children and young adults with leukaemia predisposition syndromes and with acquired cytopenias
Authors: Noy‐Lotan Sharon , Krasnov Tanya , Dgany Orly , Jeison Marta , Yanir Asaf D. , Gilad Oded , Toledano Helen , Barzilai‐Birenboim Shlomit , Yacobovich Joanne , Izraeli Shai , Tamary Hannah , Steinberg‐Shemer Orna 
Published: December 2020

SummaryDetection of somatic mutations may help verify the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in patients with persistent cytopenias or with MDS‐predisposition syndromes, prior to the development of overt leukemia. However, the spectrum and consequences of acquired changes in paediatric patients have not been fully evaluated, and especially not in the context of an underlying syndrome. We incorporated a targeted next‐generation‐sequencing panel of 54 genes for the detection of somatic mutations in paediatric and young adult patients with inherited or acquired cytopenias. Sixty‐five patients were included in this study, of whom 17 (26%) had somatic mutations. We detected somatic mutations in 20% of individuals with inherited MDS‐predisposition syndromes, including in patients with severe congenital neutropenia and Fanconi anaemia, and with germline mutations in SAMD9L. Thirty‐eight per cent of children with acquired cytopenias and suspected MDS had somatic changes, most commonly in genes related to signal transduction and transcription. Molecularly abnormal clones often preceded cytogenetic changes. Thus, routine performance of somatic panels can establish the diagnosis of MDS and determine the optimal timing of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, prior to the development of leukaemia. In addition, performing somatic panels in patients with inherited MDS‐predisposition syndromes may reveal their unique spectrum of acquired mutations.
A scoping review of Table 2 fallacy in the oral health literature
Authors: Akinkugbe Aderonke A. , Simon Alyssa M. , Brody Erica R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoined by Westreich and Greenland in 2013, Table 2 fallacy refers to the practice of reporting estimates of the primary exposure and adjustment covariates derived from a single model on the same table. This study seeks to describe the extent to which Table 2 fallacy is present in the oral health literature and provide recommendations on presenting findings from multivariable‐adjusted models and/or interpretation of adjustment covariate estimates that are not the primary exposure.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review in PubMed and Scopus of human observational studies published in 4 oral health journals (JDR‐CTR, CDOE, JPHD, BMC Oral Health) starting in 2013 until the end of 2018. The resulting articles were exported into Excel and were either included or excluded for full‐text review based on six criteria. After categorizing the articles, we exported and summarized the results in SAS.ResultsA total of 1358 articles were initially screened of which 937 articles were excluded based on title or abstract for being animal studies, systematic reviews or meta‐analysis, prediction models or descriptive studies. The remaining 421 articles were eligible for full text reviewed of which, 189 (45%) committed Table 2 fallacy. The prevalence of table 2 fallacy appears high in the oral health literature.ConclusionsThe problem of presenting multiple effect estimates derived from a single model in the same table is that it inadvertently encourages the reader to interpret all estimates the same way, often as total effects. Implications and recommendations are discussed.
Structural Analogy from a Single Image Pair
Authors: Benaim S. , Mokady R. , Bermano A. , Wolf L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe task of unsupervised image‐to‐image translation has seen substantial advancements in recent years through the use of deep neural networks. Typically, the proposed solutions learn the characterizing distribution of two large, unpaired collections of images, and are able to alter the appearance of a given image, while keeping its geometry intact. In this paper, we explore the capabilities of neural networks to understand image structure given only a single pair of images, and . We seek to generate images that are structurally aligned: that is, to generate an image that keeps the appearance and style of , but has a structural arrangement that corresponds to . The key idea is to map between image patches at different scales. This enables controlling the granularity at which analogies are produced, which determines the conceptual distinction between style and content. In addition to structural alignment, our method can be used to generate high quality imagery in other conditional generation tasks utilizing images and only: guided image synthesis, style and texture transfer, text translation as well as video translation. Our code and additional results are available in https://github.com/rmokady/structural-analogy/
Comparison of voice therapy and selective electrical stimulation of the larynx in early unilateral vocal fold paralysis after thyroid surgery: A retrospective data analysis
Authors: Kurz Annabella , Leonhard Matthias , Denk‐Linnert Doris Maria , Mayr Winfried , Kansy Ines , Schneider‐Stickler Berit 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe goal of the retrospective study was to investigate the 3‐month‐outcome after treatment of patients with early unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) with either standard voice therapy (VT) or selective electrical stimulation of the larynx (SES).DesignNon‐randomised retrospective study.Setting1519 patients who underwent thyroid surgery between 2015 and 2018 were analysed according vocal fold mobility; UVFP patients were treated either by VT or SES.Participants51 UVFP patients.Main outcome measures51 UVFP patients have been advised regarding treatment options like either VT (group 1) or SES (group 2). The patients of group 1 (n = 26) and 2 (n = 25) were re‐assessed up to 3 months post‐operatively regarding UVFP persistence/recovery and perceptive voice sound quality. At follow‐ups, perceptual analysis of voice sound (using roughness=R/breathiness=B/hoarseness=H scale) and endoscopic laryngoscopy have been performed. Position of immobile vocal fold, shape of glottal closure and RBH parameters have been considered for statistical analyses.ResultsRestitution of UVFP with regular respiratory vocal fold mobility of both vocal folds occurred in 53.8% of group 1 (VT), and in 40.0% of group 2 (SES) after 3 months of therapy between both groups. No difference could be seen for RBH, type of glottal closure and position of ailing vocal folds in patients with persisting UVFP within both groups and between the groups.ConclusionsThe study reveals that SES can achieve similar functional outcome in early UVFP. Thus, it should be considered as an equivalent therapy alternative to VT for treatment of early UVFP patients since no significant difference in vocal outcome and glottal configuration between the two groups could be demonstrated.
Lichen aureus with pseudolymphomatous infiltrate
Authors: Kolm Isabel , Buset Caroline , Flury Ursula , Nosek Daniel , Kazakov Dmitry V. , Kempf Werner 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLichen aureus is a variant of pigmented purpuric dermatoses. The usual histopathology of lichen aureus is characterized by a subepidermal dense, band‐like lymphocytic infiltrate, extravasated erythrocytes, and hemosiderin deposits. We report three patients with lichen aureus on the extremities with similar clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological findings characterized by a dense band‐like relatively deep dermal infiltrate accompanied by extravasation of erythrocytes and hemosiderin deposits occasioning a resemblance to a lymphoproliferative disorder.
Changes in landscape‐scale tree biodiversity in the north‐eastern USA since European settlement
Authors: Vellend Mark , Thompson Jonathan R. , Danneyrolles Victor , Rousseu François 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimDespite global biodiversity losses, trends at local and regional scales are context dependent. Recent studies have been criticized for lacking baselines preceding human impacts, and few such studies have addressed the landscape scale. Our aim was to quantify temporal trends in landscape‐scale tree diversity during an unambiguous period of massively increased anthropogenic disturbance and to test the hypothesis that land use can increase landscape‐scale diversity via increased environmental heterogeneity.LocationEastern USA.Time period1620–2008.Major taxa studiedTrees.MethodsWe combined data from archival land surveys and modern‐day forest inventories in the north‐eastern USA to quantify tree genus diversity at the scale of towns (“landscapes”). We modelled change in diversity over time as a function of the proportion of the landscape historically converted to agriculture, historical temperature increases and nitrogen deposition, and other abiotic and spatial variables. We also tested for scale‐dependent changes in beta diversity.ResultsOverall, tree genus diversity (Shannon and Simpson indices) changed minimally over time on average, but the magnitude of change increased with the maximum historical percentage of the town in agriculture. Other predictor variables had minimal influence. Beta diversity increased over time for nearby pairs of towns and decreased over time for more distant towns.Main conclusionsForests have regrown on much former agricultural land, and our results support the hypothesis that increased landscape‐scale environmental heterogeneity, attributable to land use, increased tree diversity. Where agricultural land use was uncommon, declines in diversity might be attributable to effects of logging and fire suppression. Even the strongest driver of biodiversity loss at local and global scales (human land use) can lead to increases in biodiversity at the landscape scale, in addition to scale dependence of biotic differentiation versus homogenization.
Immune deficiency is a risk factor for severe COVID‐19 in people living with HIV
Authors: Hoffmann Christian , Casado José L. , Härter Georg , Vizcarra Pilar , Moreno Ana , Cattaneo Dario , Meraviglia Paola , Spinner Christoph D. , Schabaz Farhad , Grunwald Stephan , Gervasoni Cristina 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesA prior T cell depletion induced by HIV infection may carry deleterious consequences in the current COVID‐19 pandemic. Clinical data on patients co‐infected with HIV and SARS‐CoV‐2 are still scarce.MethodsThis multicentre cohort study evaluated risk factors for morbidity and mortality of COVID‐19 in people living with HIV (PLWH), infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 in three countries in different clinical settings. COVID‐19 was clinically classified as to be mild‐to‐moderate or severe.ResultsOf 175 patients, 49 (28%) had severe COVID‐19 and 7 (4%) patients died. Almost all patients were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and in 94%, HIV RNA was below 50 copies/mL prior to COVID‐19 diagnosis. In the univariate analysis, an age 50 years or older, a CD4+ T cell nadir of < 200/µl, current CD4+ T cells < 350/µl and the presence of at least one comorbidity were significantly associated with severity of COVID‐19. No significant association was found for gender, ethnicity, obesity, a detectable HIV RNA, a prior AIDS‐defining illness, or tenofovir (which was mainly given as alafenamide) or protease inhibitor use in the current ART. In a multivariate analysis, the only factor associated with risk for severe COVID‐19 was a current CD4+ T cell count of < 350/µl (adjusted odds ratio 2.85, 95% confidence interval 1.26‐6.44, p=0.01). The only factor associated with mortality was a low CD4 T cell nadir.ConclusionsIn PLWH, immune deficiency is a possible risk factor for severe COVID‐19, even in the setting of virological suppression. There is no evidence for a protective effect of PIs or tenofovir alafenamide.
High genetic drift in endangered northern peripheral populations of the Behr's hairstreak butterfly (Satyrium behrii)
Authors: Keyghobadi Nusha , Crawford Lindsay A. , Desjardins Sylvie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The persistence and adaptation of leading‐edge peripheral populations may be critical for allowing species to shift their range limits under climate change. However, peripheral populations are potentially vulnerable to genetic, demographic, and environmental stochasticity.
Here, we characterise genetic variation across space and among years in northern peripheral populations of the Behr's hairstreak butterfly in British Columbia, Canada. This butterfly is dependent on antelope‐brush ecosystems that are threatened in this part of the world and is federally listed as Endangered in Canada.
Using a large panel of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genetic markers, we found low diversity in these populations. We also detected a high degree of year‐to‐year variation in allele frequencies, resulting in low effective population size estimates.
Our findings suggest that Canadian populations of the Behr's hairstreak experience high genetic drift and may be vulnerable to genetic stochasticity.
Unstable demography, low effective population size, and low genetic diversity in these populations could impede their adaptation to rapidly changing environmental conditions and contribute to a contraction of the species' range under climate change.