bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-35 On-Field Dizziness and Timing of Referral to Vestibular Therapy Following Adolescent Sports-Related Concussion: Initial Findings
Authors: Reynolds E , Covert K , Bennett M , Driver S , King R , Reynolds M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
To examine if adolescent patients who experienced on-field dizziness immediately following sports-related concussion (SRC) and were referred to vestibular therapy (VT) in 7–9 days returned to play faster when compared to referrals made &gt; 10 days.

Method
Registry data for an outpatient clinic specializing in adolescent SRC was analyzed. Of the 85 adolescent patients included, 67 (79%) experienced dizziness immediately following injury; 36 (54%) of which were referred to VT. Mean age at time of injury was 15.3 years; 61.1% were male (n = 22); most were injured while participating in football (38.9%), soccer (16.7%), or wrestling (13.9%). Days to initial VT evaluation from time of injury and days from VT to clearance from concussion protocol were analyzed using a Poisson regression model; age and sex were controlled.

Results
Patients referred to VT 7–9 days post-injury returned to play 16 ± 13.4 days earlier (20.7 ± 18.6 days; p &lt; .0001) than patients who received VT 10–20 days post SRC (36.7 days±32). While non-significant, individuals referred to VT &gt; 21 days post-injury returned to play 6 days later than those referred &lt; 10 days (26.3 ± 32.9; p = .14).

Conclusions
Appropriate and timely referrals to VT following the presence of on-field dizziness after SRC may play an integral role in recovery, although more research in this area is needed. Initial findings suggest that when determining optimal time frame for referral to VT, 7–9 days post-injury may be most beneficial for adolescents following SRC.
Network analysis of synonymous codon usage
Authors: Newaz Khalique , Wright Gabriel , Piland Jacob , Li Jun , Clark Patricia L , Emrich Scott J , Milenković Tijana 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Most amino acids are encoded by multiple synonymous codons, some of which are used more rarely than others. Analyses of positions of such rare codons in protein sequences revealed that rare codons can impact co-translational protein folding and that positions of some rare codons are evolutionarily conserved. Analyses of their positions in protein 3-dimensional structures, which are richer in biochemical information than sequences alone, might further explain the role of rare codons in protein folding.

Results
We model protein structures as networks and use network centrality to measure the structural position of an amino acid. We first validate that amino acids buried within the structural core are network-central, and those on the surface are not. Then, we study potential differences between network centralities and thus structural positions of amino acids encoded by conserved rare, non-conserved rare and commonly used codons. We find that in 84% of proteins, the three codon categories occupy significantly different structural positions. We examine protein groups showing different codon centrality trends, i.e. different relationships between structural positions of the three codon categories. We see several cases of all proteins from our data with some structural or functional property being in the same group. Also, we see a case of all proteins in some group having the same property. Our work shows that codon usage is linked to the final protein structure and thus possibly to co-translational protein folding.

Availability and implementation
https://nd.edu/∼cone/CodonUsage/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi Cell-free DNA in Human Plasma Samples for Improved Diagnosis of Early Lyme Borreliosis
Authors: Branda John A , Lemieux Jacob E , Blair Lily , Ahmed Asim A , Hong David K , Bercovici Sivan , Blauwkamp Timothy A , Hollemon Desiree , Ho Carine , Strle Klemen , Damle Nitin S , Lepore Timothy J , Pollock Nira R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Laboratory confirmation of early Lyme borreliosis (LB) is challenging. Serology is insensitive during the first days to weeks of infection, and blood polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offers similarly poor performance. Here, we demonstrate that detection of Borrelia burgdorferi (B.b.) cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma can improve diagnosis of early LB.

Methods
B.b. detection in plasma samples using unbiased metagenomic cfDNA sequencing performed by a commercial laboratory (Karius Inc) was compared with serology and blood PCR in 40 patients with physician-diagnosed erythema migrans (EM), 28 of whom were confirmed to have LB by skin biopsy culture (n = 18), seroconversion (n = 2), or both (n = 8). B.b. sequence analysis was performed using investigational detection thresholds, different from Karius’ clinical test.

Results
B.b. cfDNA was detected in 18 of 28 patients (64%) with laboratory-confirmed EM. In comparison, sensitivity of acute-phase serology using modified 2-tiered testing (MTTT) was 50% (P = .45); sensitivity of blood PCR was 7% (P = .0002). Combining B.b. cfDNA detection and MTTT increased diagnostic sensitivity to 86%, significantly higher than either approach alone (P ≤ .04). B.b. cfDNA sequences matched precisely with strain-specific sequence generated from the same individual’s cultured B.b. isolate. B.b. cfDNA was not observed at any level in plasma from 684 asymptomatic ambulatory individuals. Among 3000 hospitalized patients tested as part of clinical care, B.b. cfDNA was detected in only 2 individuals, both of whom had clinical presentations consistent with LB.

Conclusions
This is the first report of B.b. cfDNA detection in early LB and a demonstration of potential diagnostic utility. The combination of B.b. cfDNA detection and acute-phase MTTT improves clinical sensitivity for diagnosis of early LB.
A Care Bundle Intervention to Prevent Surgical Site Infections After a Craniotomy
Authors: Jiménez-Martínez Emilio , Cuervo Guillermo , Carratalà Jordi , Hornero Ana , Ciercoles Pilar , Gabarrós Andres , Cabellos Carmen , Pelegrin Ivan , Dominguez Luzón Maria Angeles , García-Somoza Dolores , Càmara Jordi , Tebé Cristian , Adamuz Jordi , Pujol Miquel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Although surgical site infections after a craniotomy (SSI-CRANs) are a serious problem that involves significant morbidity and costs, information on their prevention is scarce. We aimed to determine whether the implementation of a care bundle was effective in preventing SSI-CRANs.

Methods
A historical control study was used to evaluate the care bundle, which included a preoperative shower with 4% chlorhexidine soap, appropriate hair removal, adequate preoperative systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, the administration of 1 g of vancomycin powder into the subgaleal space before closing, and a postoperative dressing of the incisional surgical wound with a sterile absorbent cover. Patients were divided into 2 groups: preintervention (January 2013 to December 2015) and intervention (January 2016 to December 2017). The primary study end point was the incidence of SSI-CRANs within 1 year postsurgery. Propensity score matching was performed, and differences between the 2 study periods were assessed using Cox regression models.

Results
A total of 595 and 422 patients were included in the preintervention and intervention periods, respectively. The incidence of SSI-CRANs was lower in the intervention period (15.3% vs 3.5%; P &lt; .001). Using a propensity score model, 421 pairs of patients were matched. The care bundle intervention was independently associated with a reduced incidence of SSI-CRANs (adjusted odds ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval, .13–.40; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
The care bundle intervention was effective in reducing SSI-CRAN rates. The implementation of this multimodal preventive strategy should be considered in centers with high SSI-CRAN incidences.
Same rhythm, different song—approaches to atrial fibrillation management by cardiologists and nephrologists
Authors: Mark Patrick B. , Vecchio Lucia Del , Valdivielso Jose M. , Malyszko Jolanta 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), affecting 10–25% of patients requiring dialysis. Compared with the general population, patients requiring dialysis are also at increased risk of stroke, the major thromboembolic complication of AF. The evidence base for management strategies of AF specific to patients with advanced CKD is limited and not informed by randomized controlled trials. These gaps in evidence encompass rate and rhythm control strategies as well as a paucity of data informing which patients should receive anticoagulation. The European Renal Association–European Dialysis and Transplant Association and European Heart Rhythm Association undertook a survey of nephrologists and cardiologists exploring management strategies in patients with AF and CKD. We review the results of this survey, highlighting the differences in clinical approaches from cardiologists and nephrologists to these conditions. Closer collaboration between these specialties should lead to improved outcomes for patients with advanced CKD and AF. Specific issues that will need to be addressed may include healthcare burden to patients, location of clinics compared with dialysis sites and awareness of complications of treatments specific to CKD, such as calciphylaxis associated with vitamin K antagonism.
Protein-observed 19F NMR of LecA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Shanina Elena , Siebs Eike , Zhang Hengxi , Varón Silva Daniel , Joachim Ines , Titz Alexander , Rademacher Christoph 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The carbohydrate-binding protein LecA (PA-IL) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa plays an important role in the formation of biofilms in chronic infections. Development of inhibitors to disrupt LecA-mediated biofilms is desired but it is limited to carbohydrate-based ligands. Moreover, discovery of drug-like ligands for LecA is challenging because of its weak affinities. Therefore, we established a protein-observed 19F (PrOF) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to probe ligand binding to LecA. LecA was labeled with 5-fluoroindole to incorporate 5-fluorotryptophanes and the resonances were assigned by site-directed mutagenesis. This incorporation did not disrupt LecA preference for natural ligands, Ca2+ and d-galactose. Following NMR perturbation of W42, which is located in the carbohydrate-binding region of LecA, allowed to monitor binding of low-affinity ligands such as N-acetyl d-galactosamine (d-GalNAc, Kd = 780 ± 97 μM). Moreover, PrOF NMR titration with glycomimetic of LecA p-nitrophenyl β-d-galactoside (pNPGal, Kd = 54 ± 6 μM) demonstrated a 6-fold improved binding of d-Gal proving this approach to be valuable for ligand design in future drug discovery campaigns that aim to generate inhibitors of LecA.
Community utilization of risk and protective factor data for prevention planning in Chile and Colombia
Authors: Eisenberg Nicole , Brown Eric C , Pérez-Gómez Augusto , Mejía-Trujillo Juliana , Paredes-Aguilar Mayra , Cardozo-Macias Francisco , de Maipo Fundación San Carlos , Guttmannova Katarina 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Many effective community health service delivery systems implemented in the USA assess risk and protective factors (RPFs) for youth problem behaviors in a community, and report these data back to local coalitions for prevention planning. This study examined whether community prevention coalitions in Chile and Colombia perceived these reports of RPFs—based on the results of the Communities That Care Youth Survey—to be understandable, valid, useful, and worth disseminating. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data collected from 7 focus groups with 75 coalition members. Results indicated heterogeneity between and within coalitions in terms of participants’ understanding of RPFs. However, most participants found reports of RPFs to be easy to understand, thorough, ‘true’ to their communities, and useful for diagnosing and prioritizing needs, action planning, and mobilizing others in their communities. Findings suggest the viability of preventive systems that rely on community-level RPF data, for use in Latin America.
State of art and best practices for fatty acid analysis in aquatic sciences
Authors: Couturier Lydie I E , Michel Loïc N , Amaro Teresa , Budge Suzanne M , da Costa Elisabete , De Troch Marleen , Di Dato Valeria , Fink Patrick , Giraldo Carolina , Le Grand Fabienne , Loaiza Iván , Mathieu-Resuge Margaux , Nichols Peter D , Parrish Christopher C , Sardenne Fany , Vagner Marie , Pernet Fabrice , Soudant Philippe 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Determining the lipid content and fatty acid (FA) composition of aquatic organisms has been of major interest in trophic ecology, aquaculture, and nutrition for over half a century. Although protocols for lipid analysis are well-described, their application to aquatic sciences often requires modifications to adapt to field conditions and to sample type. Here, we present the current state of knowledge of methods dedicated to both marine and freshwater lipid analyses, from sampling to data treatment. We review: (i) sample preservation, storage and transport protocols, and their effects on lipids, (ii) lipid extraction, separation of polar and neutral lipids, derivatization, and detection methods, and (iii) available tools for the statistical analysis of FA data. We provide recommendations for best practices in field situations and advocate for protocol standardization and interlaboratory calibration.
Gendered nationalism and constitutionalism
Authors: Rubio-Marín Ruth 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Modern constitutions play, to a larger or lesser extent, several simultaneous political functions, including the definition of a rights-based political order, the organization of state powers, and the crafting of the nation. Feminist analysis of constitutional law has so far primarily focused on the denial or limitation of an equal rights status to women since the inception of constitutions. More recently, it has also challenged the gender composition of state institutions as well as the gendered implications of the various forms of government and power structures. In times of worldwide expanding nationalism, serious reflection on the many ways in which nationalism has always been, and still is, a gendered enterprise is called for. Relying on the categories identified in the work of Yuval-Davis, this article distinguishes between nationalist ideologies that focus on the definition of citizenship in specific states and territories (the “Staatnation”), those that place an emphasis on specific cultures or religions (the “Kulturnation”), and those that are constructed around the specific origin of the people and its continuation into the future (the “Volknation”). This article also shows, relying on the example of several contemporary constitutional struggles across the world, how these three dimensions of nationalism often continue to deny equal constitutional citizenship to women and sexual minorities.
Serum VEGF Predicts Clinical Improvement Induced by Cerebrolysin Plus Donepezil in Patients With Advanced Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Alvarez X Anton , Alvarez Irene , Martinez Antia , Romero Iria , Benito Concha , Suarez Irene , Mourente Silvia , Fantini Manuel , Figueroa Jesús , Aleixandre Manuel , Linares Carlos , Muresanu Dafin , Winter Stefan , Moessler Herbert 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) severity and may prevent cognitive decline. However, information on the influence of AD drug therapy on circulating VEGF is limited. This study assessed changes in serum VEGF levels and its association with clinical and functional responses in mild to moderate AD patients who were treated with Cerebrolysin, donepezil, or the combined therapy in a randomized, controlled trial. Treatment with Cerebrolysin plus donepezil reduced elevated serum VEGF levels and improved functioning and cognition significantly compared with donepezil alone in patients with advanced AD, and treatment differences were more pronounced in patients with higher VEGF levels. Our results indicate that the combined therapy reversed the increase of serum VEGF in advanced AD, which was associated with cognitive and functional responses, particularly in patients with high baseline VEGF.
Political influence on Brazilian antitrust enforcement
Authors: Filho Arthur Guerra 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In 2017, Brazil’s president faced impeachment proposals for allegedly receiving money from a businessman in exchange for influencing a decision of the Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (Cade), the Brazilian competition authority. But, considering that Cade is an independent agency with a reputation for transparency, how may politicians influence antitrust enforcement? By analysing the responses given to a questionnaire of mine by anonymous former Cade commissioners, as well as other reports related to political influence on the agency and records from Congress, Cade, and other institutions, this article will examine the channels of political influence on Cade. First, I examine channels of democratic control, such as the appointment process. Secondly, by discussing those situations in which politicians approach the agency, I observe that, even in the absence of an explicit promise or threat, contact from politicians bears a special weight for Cade’s officers. I argue that, regardless of conclusive evidence that political contact or pressure has actually impacted Cade’s enforcement, public confidence in the agency might be harmed when there is the appearance that it has done so. Therefore, the appropriateness of increased transparency surrounding meetings between elected politicians and Cade’s officers is a matter for consideration.
Inaccuracy of Sodium Measurement in Patients with Severe Hypernatremia
Authors: Karin Amir , Brinc Davor , Leung Felix , Jung Benjamin P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
We observed discordant sodium results from a patient with severe hypernatremia such that whole-blood analysis produced results up to 9.6 mmol/L higher than plasma sodium obtained on the same collection. We investigated this bias by comparing other patients’ sodium results and performing comparisons of 3 blood gas and 2 chemistry analyzers.

Methods
First, the laboratory information system was queried for whole-blood sodium results &gt;160 mmol/L, which were used for comparison against plasma results from the same collection. Second, whole blood was collected from a healthy donor, a portion of which was spiked with sodium chloride to generate 8 samples with target concentrations of 140 to 185 mmol/L. Whole-blood sodium was measured in duplicate on the ABL90, RAPIDPoint 500, and GEM 4000. Plasma sodium was then measured in duplicate on the Architect c8000 and Cobas c702. Finally, plasma was injected on the blood gas analyzers to measure sodium in singleton.

Results
Overall, 53 paired results from patients showed a significant positive bias on the ABL90 relative to Vitros when sodium was &gt;160 mmol/L. The magnitude of difference was insignificant within the reference range but increased proportionately with concentration. The magnitude and pattern of positive bias in ABL90 sodium results were consistent with the observation in patient results.

Conclusion
In severe hypernatremia, sodium results produced by blood gas and plasma analyzers can differ significantly.
Military Personnel Ratings of a Deployment and Their Positive and Negative Deployment Experiences
Authors: Runge Catherine E , Waller Michael J , Moss Katrina M , Dean Judith A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
There is limited investigation of how military personnel evaluate their deployment experiences. An understanding of their perceptions would help unit psychologists to advise commanders on ways to improve the deployment experience (and therefore mental well-being) of personnel. This study examined the interplay between deployment overall ratings, personnel characteristics and positive and negative deployment experiences in aid of such understanding.

Materials and Methods
The participants were 1,226 Australian Defence Force personnel who deployed to East Timor and (through a survey) provided an overall rating of their deployment and comments on major positive and negative deployment experiences. Descriptive statistics detail ratings by personnel characteristics, and a hybrid content/thematic analysis details the positive and negative experiences. The study was approved by an Institutional Review Board.

Results
Over 80% of the participants rated their overall East Timor deployment experience as positive, with 13% rating it as neutral and 7% as negative. Intrinsic rewards (eg, ability to use skills) were the most commonly expressed major positive experiences of the deployment, with deployment administration and military leadership the most common negatives. Most intrinsic rewards were reported more often in participants with a positive deployment rating, while poor leadership was most frequent in those with a negative rating.

Conclusions
Military leadership is corroborated as a negative experience of military deployment, while a new finding indicates that intrinsic rewards are a common feature in positive evaluations of deployment. Leadership is a factor that Defence Forces can address to improve the deployment experience. The study strength is the range and size of the sample, with a limitation the potential for recall bias (the data were collected, on average, 5 years postdeployment). Future research should replicate this type of analysis to build a picture of the experiences and evaluations of personnel from a range of different deployments.
Structural parameters for the globular-cluster-like objects in NGC 1052-DF2
Authors: Ma Jun , Wang Shoucheng , Wang Song , Zhou Zhimin , Zhang Tianmeng , Nie Jundan , Zou Hu , Zhou Xu , Du Cuihua , Wang Jiali , Wu Jianghua 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Recently, van Dokkum et al. have found an ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC 1052-DF2 with little or no dark matter, based on a spectroscopic study of its 11 constituent globular-cluster-like objects. In this paper, we analyse these 11 objects using Hubble Space Telescope imaging. We derive the structural parameters for each object by fitting the surface brightness profiles to three different models. Our results indicate that these objects are better fitted by the Wilson model than by the King and Sérsic models. Using the distance of D = 20 Mpc to NGC 1052-DF2 obtained by van Dokkum et al., these 11 objects have half-light radii in the range from ∼11 to ∼16 pc. These values are much larger than for normal globular clusters in the Milky Way, and are comparable to the sizes of an extended star cluster and of a typical ultra-compact dwarf. The half-light radii obtained here are larger than those obtained by van Dokkum et al. and Trujillo et al. The offset of the differences between the half-light radii of van Dokkum et al. and ours is 6.17 pc, and the offset of the differences between the half-light radii of Trujillo et al. and ours is 4.99 pc. Our half-light radii are, on average, 11.74 pc, which corresponds to 53 and 43 per cent larger than those obtained by van Dokkum et al. and Trujillo et al., respectively. The Rh versus MV diagram shows that these objects occupy the same areas of extended star clusters and ultra-compact dwarfs. Using the distance of D = 13 Mpc obtained by Trujillo et al., there are still five objects that do not lie in the area of normal globular clusters in the Milky Way. So, we suggest that these globular-cluster-like objects in NGC 1052-DF2 are not normal globular clusters like those in the Milky Way.