bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant ontogeny determines strength and associated plant fitness consequences of plant‐mediated interactions between herbivores and flower visitors
Authors: Rusman Quint , Lucas‐Barbosa Dani , Hassan Kamrul , Poelman Erik H. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Plants show ontogenetic variation in growth–defence strategies to maximize reproductive output within a community context. Most work on plant ontogenetic variation in growth–defence trade‐offs has focussed on interactions with antagonistic insect herbivores. Plants respond to herbivore attack with phenotypic changes. Despite the knowledge that plant responses to herbivory affect plant mutualistic interactions with pollinators required for reproduction, indirect interactions between herbivores and pollinators have not been included in the evaluation of how ontogenetic growth–defence trajectories affect plant fitness.

In a common garden experiment with the annual Brassica nigra, we investigated whether exposure to various herbivore species on different plant ontogenetic stages (vegetative, bud or flowering stage) affects plant flowering traits, interactions with flower visitors and results in fitness consequences for the plant.

Effects of herbivory on flowering plant traits and interactions with flower visitors depended on plant ontogeny. Plant exposure in the vegetative stage to the caterpillar Pieris brassicae and aphid Brevicoryne brassicae led to reduced flowering time and flower production, and resulted in reduced pollinator attraction, pollen beetle colonization, total seed production and seed weight. When plants had buds, infestation by most herbivore species tested reduced flower production and pollen beetle colonization. Pollinator attraction was either increased or reduced. Plants infested in the flowering stage with P. brassicae or Lipaphis erysimi flowered longer, while infestation by any of the herbivore species tested increased the number of flower visits by pollinators.

Our results show that the outcome of herbivore–flower visitor interactions in B. nigra is specific for the combination of herbivore species and plant ontogenetic stage. Consequences of herbivory for flowering traits and reproductive output were strongest when plants were attacked early in life. Such differences in selection pressures imposed by herbivores to specific plant ontogenetic stages may drive the evolution of distinct ontogenetic trajectories in growth–defence–reproduction strategies and include indirect interactions between herbivores and flower visitors.

Synthesis. Plant ontogeny can define the direct and indirect consequences of herbivory. Our study shows that the ontogenetic stage of plant individuals determined the effects of herbivory on plant flowering traits, interactions with flower visitors and plant fitness.
Carbohydrate and bioactive compounds composition of starchy tropical fruits and tubers, in relation to pre and postharvest conditions: A review
Authors: Rinaldo Dominique 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn some tropical countries, people are suffering from both undernourishment and noncommunicable disorders, such as overweight/obesity. Starchy tropical fruits and tubers are of particular interest for their carbohydrate content and for the micronutrients they provide. The present study summarizes the content in carbohydrate, phenolics, carotenoids, and vitamin C, as well as the antioxidant activity of a wide range of tropical fruits and tubers. The energy content of fruits and tubers studied is in the range of 1,200 to 1,800 kJ/100 g of dry weight. They are thus important staple foods and, due to their diversity and seasonality, they can provide energy all year long by alternating the resources in the human diet. Starchy fruit and tuber crops have antiobesity properties as they are bulky, rich in moisture, and contain less than 2% of fat. Noncolored fruit and tubers provide total phenolics at about 20 to 140 mEq/100 g fresh weight. They thus have a high antioxidant capacity, as related to their total phenolic content but also to the presence of carotenoids, such as lutein, mostly in Dioscorea bulbifera and cocoyam. Yellow and orange‐fleshed varieties contain more total phenolics and also more provitamin A carotenoids than noncolored fleshed ones. The contents in total phenolic and carotenoid greatly vary with the species and variety. The influence of pre and postharvest conditions on micronutrient content is discussed. Further studies on new processing methods are needed to maximize polyphenols and carotenoids retention in the foods and increase the bioaccessibility of these compounds.Practical ApplicationThis paper provides information on the nutritional quality of starchy tropical fruits and tubers. Nutritional quality is studied from the point of view of providing energy and bioactive compounds. The paper aims to promote the use of local resources in tropical areas, which could ultimately limit the adverse effects of food globalization on noncommunicable disorders. It could also lead to tropical countries being less dependent on food imports.
Addition of short course radiotherapy in newly diagnosed locally advanced rectal cancers with distant metastasis
Authors: Jain Shanu , Engineer Reena , Ostwal Vikas , Ramaswamy Anant , Chopra Supriya , Desouza Ashwin , Lewis Shirley , Arya Supreeta , Patil Prachi , Saklani Avanish 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo study the outcomes of patients presenting with locally advanced rectal cancers with distant metastasis (mLARC), treated with short course radiotherapy (SCRT).
MethodBetween May 2012 and August 2015, 70 patients diagnosed with mLARC, treated with SCRT (25 Gy/5#) and three to six cycles of CAPOX chemotherapy (CT), were assessed for surgical feasibility for the primary and metastatic sites.ResultsSixty‐five patients could complete the planned SCRT and three to six cycles of CT. Response rate and disease control rate for the primary was 68% and 97%, respectively. Radiologically, CRM became free in 44 (72%) patients out of 61 initially involved. Fifty‐two (74%) were planned to receive treatment with a potentially curative intent and 18 (26%) with palliative intent. Of those treated with curative intent, 34 (65%) underwent primary tumor resection (PTR). Successful intervention for metastatic disease was done in 27 (52%) patients. At a median follow up of 43 months, the median overall survival (OS) for patients undergoing PTR was 36 months versus 12 months for those in which the tumor was still unresectable or had distant progression (P < .001). Of the operated patients, 56% were alive at the end of 3 years. The median pelvic recurrence free survival was 29 months. Symptom control in the form of pain and bleeding control was observed in 80%.ConclusionThe addition of SCRT to CT in mLARC can downstage the primary tumor to undergo surgery, thereby, achieving better loco‐regional control and survival. It achieves good palliation in patients unable to undergo surgery due to extensive primary or metastatic disease.
The impact of fluid optimisation before induction of anaesthesia on hypotension after induction
Authors: Khan A. I. , Fischer M. , Pedoto A. C. , Seier K. , Tan K. S. , Dalbagni G. , Donat S. M. , Arslan‐Carlon V. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIntra‐operative hypotension is a known predictor of adverse events and poor outcomes following major surgery. Hypotension often occurs on induction of anaesthesia, typically attributed to hypovolaemia and the haemodynamic effects of anaesthetic agents. We assessed the efficacy of fluid optimisation for reducing the incidence of hypotension on induction of anaesthesia. This prospective trial enrolled 283 patients undergoing radical cystectomy and randomly allocated them to goal‐directed fluid therapy (n = 142) or standard fluid therapy (n = 141). Goal‐directed fluid therapy patients received fluid optimisation based on stroke volume response to passive leg raise before induction; those with positive passive leg raise received intravenous crystalloid fluid boluses until stroke volume was optimised. Baseline mean arterial pressure was measured on the morning of surgery and on arriving in the operating theatre. This post‐hoc analysis defined haemodynamic instability as either a > 30% relative drop in mean arterial pressure compared with baseline or absolute mean arterial pressure < 55 mmHg, within 15 min of induction. Forty‐two (30%) goal‐directed fluid therapy patients underwent fluid optimisation after finding an intravascular fluid deficit via passive leg raise testing; 106 (75%) goal‐directed fluid therapy and 112 (79%) standard fluid therapy patients met criteria for haemodynamic instability. There was no significant difference in the incidence of haemodynamic instability between the goal‐directed fluid therapy and standard fluid therapy groups using absolute mean arterial pressure drop below 55 mmHg (p = 0.58) or using pre‐surgical testing or pre‐surgical mean arterial pressure values as baseline (p = 0.21, p = 0.89, respectively); however, the difference in the incidence of haemodynamic instability was significant using the operating theatre baseline mean arterial pressure (p = 0.004). We conclude that fluid optimisation before induction of general anaesthesia did not significantly impact haemodynamic instability.
Long‐term outcome of adhesive fragment reattachment in crown‐root fractured teeth
Authors: Soliman Sebastian , Lang Lisa‐Marie , Hahn Britta , Reich Sebastian , Schlagenhauf Ulrich , Krastl Gabriel , Krug Ralf 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground/AimsAdhesive fragment reattachment (AFR) is one treatment option for crown‐root fractured teeth. However, there are no studies investigating the long‐term outcome of this approach. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the long‐term outcome of AFR and periodontal health in crown‐root fractured teeth by assessing complications and periodontal status.Materials and MethodsData regarding 41 patients with 51 traumatized teeth (TT) were included. Periodontal health was assessed by recording the pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) in the TT and in one unaffected control tooth (CT). Complications were classified as “restorative,” “endodontic,” and “additional root fracture.” Based on these complications, the outcome was graded as “success,” “partial success,” “survival,” and “failure.” Statistics was performed by t test, chi‐square test and logistic regression models.ResultsAfter 8.5 ± 4.6 years, 76.5% (39/51) of the TT had functionally survived. Functional survival of the reattached fragments was 66.7% (26/39) after 9.5 ± 3.7 years. PPD (TT: 4.11 ± 2.03; CT: 2.08 ± 0.65), CAL (TT: 4.78 ± 2.19; CT: 2.42 ± 1.03), and BoP values (TT: 77.4%; CT: 22.6%) were higher in TT than in CT. GI scores > 0 were found in 83.3% of the TT and in 27.8% of the CT. PI scores did not differ between TT and CT. Of the complications, 56.8% were “restorative,” 22.7% “endodontic,” and 20.5% “additional root fractures.” Eleven (27.5%) TT were without complications and rated as “success.”ConclusionsAFR in crown‐root fractured teeth showed a high survival rate and occasionally compromised periodontal health. However, due to the high complication rate, it should be considered as a long‐term temporary treatment to postpone other invasive therapy options. AFR can be a valuable way to avoid early loss of crown‐root fractured teeth, especially in young patients. Moisture control and additional root fractures significantly influenced the outcome.
Update on the association between alpha‐synuclein and tau with mitochondrial dysfunction: Implications for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Feng Si‐Tong , Wang Zhen‐Zhen , Yuan Yu‐He , Sun Hong‐Mei , Chen Nai‐Hong , Zhang Yi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathological mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease (PD), is well established. Compelling evidence indicates that Parkinson's proteins (e.g., α‐synuclein, Parkin, PINK1, DJ‐1, and LRRK2) are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in PD. Significantly, there is a possible central role of alpha‐synuclein (α‐Syn) in the occurrence of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress by the mediation of different signaling pathways. Also, tau, traditionally considered as the main component of neurofibrillary tangles, aggregates and amplifies the neurotoxic effects on mitochondria by interacting with α‐Syn. Moreover, oxidative stress caused by mitochondrial dysfunction favors assembly of both α‐Syn and tau and also plays a key role in the formation of protein aggregates. In this review, we provide an overview of the relationship between these two pathological proteins and mitochondrial dysfunction in PD, and also summarize the underlying mechanisms in the interplay of α‐Syn aggregation and phosphorylated tau targeting the mitochondria, to find new strategies to prevent PD processing.
Synthesis, characterization, and aging resistance of the polyurethane dimethacrylate layer for dental restorations
Authors: Guo Xiaowei , Cheng Qiuli , Wang Han , Yu Gaigai , Tian Zilu , Shi Zuosen , Cui Zhanchen , Zhu Song 
Published: February 2020

In this study, polyurethane dimethacrylate (PUDMA) was synthetized from different components and incorporated into a direct resin composite restoration system with the aim to buffer tooth–resin interfacial stresses and maintain the marginal adaptation. The tensile strength, elongation at fracture (ε), and thermal stability of the PUDMA layer were characterized, showing a tensile strength of 22 MPa, an ε of 112%, and a thermal decomposition temperature of about 282°C. In addition, the degree of conversion, water sorption/solubility, hydrophobicity, microtensile bond strength (μTBS), marginal leakage, and cytotoxicity in vitro were evaluated for the PUDMA layer. The data were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA, except for leakage depths (which were analyzed using the Wilcoxon paired‐rank test). The level of significance was set at 0.05. Compared with dental adhesives, PUDMA displayed a higher degree of conversion, lower water sorption/solubility, and improved hydrophobicity and biocompatibility in vitro. After thermocycling, the μTBS of the restoration system containing PUDMA had increased compared with the μTBS at 24 h. Restorations containing PUDMA showed lower leakage depths than those which did not contain PUDMA. In conclusion, because of its hydrophobic and elastic nature, the PUDMA layer, when used as an intermediate between tooth and resin restoratives, may buffer interfacial stresses, improve the stability and durability of the bonding interface, and reduce microleakage.
Pharmacological screening and transcriptomic functional analyses identify a synergistic interaction between dasatinib and olaparib in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Corrales‐Sánchez Verónica , Noblejas‐López María del Mar , Nieto‐Jiménez Cristina , Pérez‐Peña Javier , Montero Juan Carlos , Burgos Miguel , Galán‐Moya Eva M. , Pandiella Atanasio , Ocaña Alberto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIdentification of druggable vulnerabilities is a main objective in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), where no curative therapies exist. Gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) and a pharmacological evaluation using a library of compounds were used to select potential druggable combinations. MTT and studies with semi‐solid media were performed to explore the activity of the combinations. TNBC cell lines (MDAMB‐231, BT549, HS‐578T and HCC3153) and an additional panel of 16 cell lines were used to assess the activity of the two compounds. Flow cytometry experiments and biochemical studies were also performed to explore the mechanism of action. GSEA were performed using several data sets (GSE21422, GSE26910, GSE3744, GSE65194 and GSE42568), and more than 35 compounds against the identified functions were evaluated to discover druggable opportunities. Analyses done with the Chou and Talalay algorithm confirmed the synergy of dasatinib and olaparib. The combination of both agents significantly induced apoptosis in a caspase‐dependent manner and revealed a pleotropic effect on cell cycle: Dasatinib arrested cells in G0/G1 and olaparib in G2/M. Dasatinib inhibited pChk1 and induced DNA damage measured by pH2AX, and olaparib increased pH3. Finally, the effect of the combination was also evaluated in a panel of 18 cell lines representative of the most frequent solid tumours, observing a particularly synergism in ovarian cancer. Breast cancer, triple negative, dasatinib, olaparib, screening.
The reciprocal impacts of adversity and personality traits: A prospective longitudinal study of growth, change, and the power of personality
Authors: Rakhshani Andrew , Furr R. Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe integrate the study of post‐traumatic growth with personality science by examining the reciprocal effects of adversity and core personality traits. We implemented conceptual (i.e., incorporating personality traits into the study of adversity‐related growth, examining trait‐specific and configural personality change, and adopting a cumulative approach to adversity) and methodological (i.e., three‐wave prospective design, assessing many life events, sampling from populations likely to experience adversity) innovations to advance the study of personality development and of the generality of adversity‐related growth.MethodA diverse sample (41% nonwhite, 48% low‐income, 68% female, Mage = 44, 30% diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder) participated in a three‐wave prospective longitudinal study (N = 258–128 across waves). Participants completed a personality inventory and a battery of life‐event surveys (including 105 events) at each wave.ResultsPersonality was generally stable from trait‐specific and configural perspectives, and all traits were correlated with adversity. All traits, particularly Extraversion and Conscientiousness, predicted adversity. Adversity predicted increases in Emotionality and decreases in Agreeableness.ConclusionsAlthough personality growth is not the typical response to adversity within a 3‐year period, findings underscore the real‐world impact of personality, and they provide some support for developmental theories emphasizing the effects of life events.
Depression symptoms and recurrent aphthous stomatitis—Evidence from a population‐based study in Indonesia
Authors: Hariyani Ninuk , Bramantoro Taufan , Nair Rahul , Singh Ankur , Sengupta Kaushik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to report the prevalence and distribution of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) among Indonesian adults and to test the relationship between symptom of depression and RAS.MethodsData from the 2007 Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS 2007) were analysed to assess the association between symptom of depression and RAS. The prevalence of RAS in the previous month was self‐reported. Symptom of depression was measured using the 10‐item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES‐D) scale. The distribution of RAS according to age, sex and level of stress was also presented in the bivariate analysis. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to test associations between symptom of depression and RAS, controlling for age, sex and the stress level.ResultsThe previous month prevalence of RAS in Indonesian population was 12%. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) from the logistic regression models indicate that, for each unit increase in the CES‐D depression score (range: 0–30), there was a 9% increase in the odds of having RAS (OR: 1.09, 95%CI: 1.08–1.10). Being older and being male was related with lower prevalence of RAS.ConclusionsA higher score of depression was related to a higher prevalence of RAS. This association was persistent even after controlling for age, sex and the level of stress.
A Prospective, randomized comparative study between ultrasound‐guided posterior quadratus lumborum block and ultrasound‐guided ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block for pediatric inguinal herniotomy
Authors: Samerchua Artid , Leurcharusmee Prangmalee , Panichpichate Kachain , Bunchungmongkol Nutchanart , Wanvoharn Mullika , Tepmalai Kanokkan , Khorana Jiraporn , Chantakhow Sireekarn 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIlioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block is commonly performed to control postherniotomy pain. The posterior quadratus lumborum block has been recently described as an effective analgesic technique for pediatric low abdominal surgery. No data were found regarding the use of posterior quadratus lumborum block in comparison with the traditional ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block in pediatric inguinal surgery.AimThis randomized assessor‐blinded study compared postoperative analgesic effects between ultrasound‐guided posterior quadratus lumborum block and ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block in pediatric inguinal herniotomy.MethodsOne‐ to seven‐year‐old children scheduled for unilateral open herniotomy were randomly assigned to receive either ultrasound‐guided posterior quadratus lumborum block with 0.25% bupivacaine 0.5 mL/kg or ultrasound‐guided ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block with 0.25% bupivacaine 0.2 mL/kg after induction of general anesthesia. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who received postoperative oral acetaminophen. The required fentanyl in the recovery room, 24‐hour acetaminophen consumption, success rate of regional blocks, block performance data, block‐related complications, postoperative pain intensity, and parental satisfaction were assessed.ResultsThis study included 40 patients after excluding four cases who were ineligible. The number of patients who required postoperative oral acetaminophen was significantly lower in the posterior quadratus lumborum block group (15.8% vs 52.6%; OR: 5.9; 95% CI: 1.3, 27.3; P = .022). The pain scores at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours were similar between groups. There was no evidence of between‐group differences in block performance time, the number of needle passes, block‐related complications, and parental satisfaction.ConclusionThe posterior quadratus lumborum block with 0.25% bupivacaine 0.5 mL/kg provided better pain control than the ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block with 0.25% bupivacaine 0.2 mL/kg after open herniotomy in children. The ultrasound guidance technique for the posterior quadratus lumborum block is safe and as simple as the ultrasound‐guided ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block for pediatric patients.