bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altruism as a pathway to unethical action
Authors: Babula Michael , Tookey Max , Muschert Glenn , Neal Mark 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to answer the question, “Can particular types of altruism influence people to make unethical decisions?” The purpose of seeking to answer this question is to better understand those cases in personal, public and commercial life whereby a decision-maker is influenced by what is widely perceived to be a positive thing – altruism – to make unethical choices.

Design/methodology/approach
An experiment was designed to test the influence of different categories of altruism on decision-making about whether to find another guilty for a regulatory transgression. This involved the establishment and running of a student panel at a UK university, which was given the task of determining the guilt or otherwise of two students accused of plagiarism – one from a poor background; one from a rich background. Through a survey of both the decision-makers and their judgments, and by analyzing the data using t-tests and Mann–Whitney tests, the associations between different categories of altruism and the decisions made could be ascertained.

Findings
A total of 70.7% of the participants voted “not-guilty” for the poor student, whereas 68.3% voted “guilty” for the wealthy student. This indicated that self-interested, namely, egoistic altruism complemented by social and self-esteem needs gratification was significantly associated with violating foundational ethical principles.

Originality/value
This is the first study to be done that attempts to evaluate the relationships between different categories of altruism and ethical decision-making. The findings here challenge aggregating all forms of empathy together when exploring the antecedents of unethical behavior.
Why would anyone come to Corfu to have a Heineken?
Authors: Melewar T.C. , Skinner Heather 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to examine brand-naming decisions, along with other management decisions that affect tourist experiences, such as visitor tours and souvenir appropriation, in the context of a microbrewery located on a Greek island that remains heavily dependent upon tourism.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were gathered from in-depth interviews with the microbrewery’s owner and senior management team to offer rich insights into the issues under investigation.

Findings
Findings stress the importance of the meanings that can be conveyed through brand names, including those that indicate authenticity of the brand’s origin, filling previously identified gaps in the literature on country of origin (COO) with regard to fast-consuming goods and low-involvement products such as beer, and exploring the issue of experiential consumption of beer as part of the tourists’ vacation experience.

Research limitations/implications
Data were gathered from only a single company, and although highlighting important managerial decisions regarding brand naming, further research could be widened to other companies and other industries, and could explore these issues from the tourists own perspective rather than solely from a managerial perspective.

Practical implications
Results may offer insights for local producers, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises, whose markets serve both domestic and tourist consumers.

Originality/value
This research furthers knowledge into gaps on a range of issues arising in the literature that have hitherto not been previously linked, specifically: product COO/brand origin, cultural consumption of beverages and sense of place, issues of authenticity, souvenirs and experiential consumption.
Service brand rehab: diagnosing trust repair mechanisms
Authors: Bolat Elvira , Robson Julie , Sit Kokho Jason , Birch-Chapman Shannon , Ashraf Samreen , Memery Juliet , Jackson Caroline 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to understand consumers’ response to the trust repair mechanisms adopted by corporate brands in a service sector context following prominent trust damaging organizational transgressions.

Design/methodology/approach
Adopting a qualitative approach, six focus group discussions are used to investigate three high-profile consumer trust erosion cases within the service sector.

Findings
Consumer trust varies by context. Despite the severity of trust damage, corporate brands can recover trust towards their brands amongst consumers not directly affected by transgressions. Not all trust repair mechanisms are equally applicable to all service contexts, and re-branding could be used as a trust repair mechanism. Corporate brands in the service sector should focus on sense-making, relational approaches and transparency. Orchestration of trust repair mechanisms needs to be integrated within the trust rehabilitation processes.

Research limitations/implications
This study illustrates it is important to reconsider trust repair processes to accommodate context and integrate post-transgression consumer research.

Practical implications
Successful corporate brand rehabilitation of consumer trust requires examination of the trustworthiness dimensions consumers express before and after the transgression to select the most appropriate trust repair mechanisms. Findings suggest organizations also have preventative trust repair management programs.

Originality/value
This research is the first to empirically apply the conceptual framework of Bachmann et al. (2015) to explore consumer responses to the trust repair mechanisms adopted by corporate brands by context.
The selection model for horizontal alliances between hotels and airlines: an integrated application of NGT, fuzzy TOPSIS and MCGP methods
Authors: Fu Yan-Kai , Huang Weilun , Liao Chin-Nung 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the hotel selection problem of airlines for their hotel and airline alliance (HAA) to develop potential customers of airlines. This paper will propose a hybrid mathematics evaluation model to help airline to select an optimal hotel with both qualitative and quantitative criteria.Design/methodology/approachTo solve the hotel selection problem of airlines for their HAA, this paper focuses on the implementation of the NGT, Fuzzy TOPSIS and MCGP models in the hotel selection process. Initially, the NGT was used to create HAA decision-making criteria based on the literature review and expert opinions, and it was found that scale and scope possibility, brand value, tourism attraction, operating cost and industrial conditions are the most important criteria. Later, the Fuzzy TOPSIS method was used to obtain the general normalized fuzzy preference and to compute the closeness coefficients of each alternative hotel with respect to each criterion. Third, five tangible constraints were incorporated into the Fuzzy TOPSIS-MCGP model to calculate the optimal hotel with LINGO software.FindingsAirline managers can use the proposed model to form a clear view of how to choose the most suitable hotel to cooperate with to outperform their competitors. Having access to this information allows airline managers to take steps to perform better and improve the performance of the partnership, helping them to gain more confidence in their decision-making capabilities while reducing investment risks.Originality/valueThis is the first paper that has adopted Fuzzy TOPSIS-MCGP to select hotel for their HAA from the airline’s point of view. The major contributions of this study are as follows: an efficient and simple evaluation framework is proposed for handling vagueness and uncertainty in real-world hotel selection problems; the advancement of treating uncertainty in the MCDM process; the fuzzy TOPSIS-MCGP method is extended for such problems, taking into account tangible and intangible criteria; airline managers can now make decisions in choosing to select the best hotel for their HAA that meets the airline's business goals and passenger demands; hotel operators are flexible in selecting their airline partnership, thus creating greater profit for both parties.
Impact of user parameters in inversion velocity analysis
Authors: Zhou T. , Chauris H. , Audebert F. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTMigration velocity analysis is a method devoted to the evaluation of both reflectivity and background velocity models, associated with the high and low wavenumber components of the model, respectively. Inversion velocity analysis is one of its improved versions, leading to more stable background velocity updates. Still, the impact of the user parameters should be understood for an optimal update of the background velocity. We show that a sign reversal of the background velocity gradient could occur when the selected surface offset range or the space lag range is too small. We derive the theoretical limits and check their consistency through simulations in a simple model with a single interface. These guidelines determine the necessary ranges of surface offsets and space lags for a proper update of the background velocity model. We discuss their applicability on the Marmousi model. Artefacts in the retrieved background velocity model are observed when the guidelines are not satisfied.
Home ownership as a labor market friction
Authors: Ringo Daniel R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper estimates the effect of home ownership on individuals' unemployment. Because of higher moving costs, home owners will be less willing than renters to relocate for work and could therefore face longer unemployment spells. Estimation is complicated by the endogeneity of ownership, as owners will have different abilities, preferences, and job prospects than renters. I instrument for home ownership using a preference shifter from the worker's childhood environment. The results indicate that home ownership is a significant hindrance to mobility, and home owners suffer longer unemployment spells because of it.
Acknowledging Urbanization: A Survey of the Role of Cities in UN Frameworks
Authors: Kosovac Anna , Acuto Michele , Jones Terry Louise 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCities are playing an increasingly vital role in global sustainability. Yet there is still little systematic and international evidence on the recognition and formal role of cities in multilateral affairs. Where and how are cities acknowledged as part of global efforts? How do the United Nations frame this ‘urban’ contribution to major international processes and agendas? To offer some initial evidence‐based pointers to this set of problems, we present an analysis of explicit references to cities in major UN frameworks (n = 32) underpinning the current Agenda 2030 on sustainable development. We investigate how cities are cited to determine the role, key themes and contextual trends framing the engagement between United Nations and cities. Contra arguments for the uniqueness of the current ‘rise’ of mayors, our review demonstrates a weak rise in the recognition of cities over time in UN frameworks and shows historical continuity in this acknowledgement since the 1970s. Our review confirms that two prevailing themes determining this are those of ‘development’ and the ‘environment’ but other issues (like ‘infrastructure’ and ‘health’) are following closely behind. It also highlights acknowledgment of cities as ‘actors’ is on the rise since the 2000s and raises fundamental questions as to the status of cities internationally. We argue it becomes imperative to more systematically and strategically think of the role of cities in the UN system, but also flag that raises fundamental challenges for multilateral governance.
P2X7 receptor‐targeted regulation by tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside in alcoholic hepatosteatosis: A new strategy towards macrophage–hepatocyte crosstalk
Authors: Zhang Yu , Jiang Min , Cui Ben‐Wen , Jin Cheng Hua , Wu Yan‐Ling , Shang Yue , Yang Hong‐Xu , Wu Mei , Liu Jian , Qiao Chun‐Ying , Zhan Zi‐Ying , Ye Huan , Zheng Guang‐Hao , Jin Quan , Lian Li‐Hua , Nan Ji‐Xing 
Published: February 2020

Background and PurposeRegulating macrophage–hepatocyte crosstalk through P2X7 receptors has led to new pharmacological strategies to reverse alcoholic hepatosteatosis. We investigated how tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (2354glu), isolated from Polygonum multiflorum, modulates macrophage–hepatocyte crosstalk during alcoholic hepatosteatosis.Experimental ApproachA model of alcoholic hepatosteatosis was established by giving ethanol intragastrically to C57BL/6 mice. HepG2 cells were incubated in conditioned medium from LPS+ATP‐activated THP‐1 human macrophages with silenced or overexpressed P2X7 receptors. THP‐1 macrophages or mouse peritoneal macrophages were pretreated with 2354glu for 1 hr prior to LPS+ATP stimulation. Western blots, RT‐PCR and immunohistochemical analysis were used, along with over‐expression and silencing of P2X7 receptors.Key ResultsKnockdown or overexpression of P2X7 receptors in THP‐1 macrophages affected release of mature IL‐1β and, subsequently, modulated lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells via the LKB–AMPK pathway. 2354glu ameliorated alcoholic hepatosteatosis in mice by regulating LKB1–AMPK–SREBP1 pathway and its target genes. Suppression of P2X7 receptor activation by 2354glu inhibited IL‐1β release and reduced macrophage and neutrophil infiltration. In macrophages stimulated with LPS+ATP, expression of P2X7 receptors, caspase‐1 and NF‐κB, release of IL‐1β, calcium influx and PI uptake were reduced by 2354glu. SIRT1–LKB1–AMPK–SREBP1 axis‐mediated lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells was reduced when they were cultured with conditioned media from LPS+ATP‐activated THP‐1 macrophages pretreated with 2354glu.Conclusion and ImplicationsModulation of P2X7 receptors in macrophages regulated lipid accumulation in hepatocytes during alcoholic hepatosteatosis. 2354glu might be a promising candidate that targets P2X7 receptors in macrophages interacting with hepatocytes during alcoholic hepatosteatosis.
Mitochondrial behaviour, morphology, and animal performance
Authors: Heine Kyle B. , Hood Wendy R. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTWe have a limited understanding of the proximate mechanisms that are responsible for the development of variation in animal performance and life‐history strategies. Provided that components of an organism's successful life history – for example, mate competition, gestation, lactation, etc. – are energetically demanding, increased energy production within mitochondria is likely the foundation from which organisms are able to perform these tasks. Mitochondrial behaviour (positioning within the cell and communication between mitochondria) and morphology affect variation in energy production at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. Therefore, adaptations in mitochondrial behaviour and morphology that favour efficient energy production likely influence variation in animal performance. Previous work has linked greater proportions of inter‐mitochondrial junctions and density of the inner mitochondrial membrane, among other traits, with increased energetic demand. Future research should focus on how inter‐mitochondrial junctions and morphology of the inner mitochondrial membrane, in particular, influence animal performance in accordance with mitochondrial density, fission, and fusion.
Measuring shared decision making in oncology: Development and first testing of the iSHAREpatient and iSHAREphysician questionnaires
Authors: Bomhof‐Roordink Hanna , Gärtner Fania R. , van Duijn‐Bakker Nanny , van der Weijden Trudy , Stiggelbout Anne M. , Pieterse Arwen H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundExisting measures to assess shared decision making (SDM) have often been developed based on an ill‐defined underlying construct, and many assess physician behaviours only or focus on a single patient‐physician encounter.ObjectiveTo (a) develop a patient and a physician questionnaire to measure SDM in oncology and (b) determine their content validity and comprehensibility.MethodsA systematic review of SDM models and an oncology‐specific SDM model informed the domains of the SDM construct. We formulated items for each SDM domain. Cancer patients and physicians rated content validity in an online questionnaire. We assumed a formative measurement model and performed online field‐testing in cancer patients to inform further item reduction. We tested item comprehension in cognitive interviews with cancer patients and physicians.ResultsWe identified 17 domains and formulated 132 items. Twelve cancer patients rated content validity at item level, and 11 physicians rated content validity at domain level. We field‐tested the items among 131 cancer patients and conducted cognitive interviews with eight patients and five physicians. These phases resulted in the 15‐item iSHAREpatient and 15‐item iSHAREphysician questionnaires, covering 13 domains.ConclusionsWe thoroughly developed the iSHARE questionnaires. They both assess patient and physician behaviours and cover the entire SDM process rather than a single consultation.
Patient and public involvement facilitators: Could they be the key to the NHS quality improvement agenda?
Authors: Todd Sarah , Coupland Christine , Randall Raymond 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveResearch into patient and public involvement (PPI) has not examined in detail patient and public involvement facilitators’ (PPIFs) roles and activities. This study analysed PPIFs’ roles using qualitative data gathered from three different UK health‐care organizations.DesignThematic analysis was used to examine cross‐sectional data collected using a mixed‐methods approach from three organizations: a mental health trust, a community health social enterprise and an acute hospital trust. The data set comprised of 27 interviews and 48 observations.FindingsPatient and public involvement facilitators roles included the leadership and management of PPI interventions, developing health‐care practices and influencing quality improvements (QI). They usually occupied middle‐management grades but their PPIF role involved working in isolation or in small teams. They reported facilitating the development and maintenance of relationships between patients and the public, and health‐care professionals and service managers. These roles sometimes required them to use conflict resolution skills and involved considerable emotional labour. Integrating information from PPI into service improvement processes was reported to be a challenge for these individuals.ConclusionsPatient and public involvement facilitators capture and hold information that can be used in service improvement. However, they work with limited resources and support. Health‐care organizations need to offer more practical support to PPIFs in their efforts to improve care quality, particularly by making their role integral to developing QI strategies.
The IUPHAR Guide to Immunopharmacology: connecting immunology and pharmacology
Authors: Harding Simon D. , Faccenda Elena , Southan Christopher , Pawson Adam J. , Maffia Pasquale , Alexander Stephen P. H. , Davenport Anthony P. , Fabbro Doriano , Levi‐Schaffer Francesca , Spedding Michael , Davies Jamie A. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryGiven the critical role that the immune system plays in a multitude of diseases, having a clear understanding of the pharmacology of the immune system is crucial to new drug discovery and development. Here we describe the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) Guide to Immunopharmacology (GtoImmuPdb), which connects expert‐curated pharmacology with key immunological concepts and aims to put pharmacological data into the hands of immunologists. In the pursuit of new therapeutics, pharmacological databases are a vital resource to researchers through providing accurate information on the fundamental science underlying drug action. This extension to the existing IUPHAR/British Pharmacological Society Guide to Pharmacology supports research into the development of drugs targeted at modulating immune, inflammatory or infectious components of disease. To provide a deeper context for how the resource can support research we show data in GtoImmuPdb relating to a case study on the targeting of vascular inflammation.
Foxf2 and Smad6 co‐regulation of collagen 5A2 transcription is involved in the pathogenesis of intrauterine adhesion
Authors: Chen Guobin , Liu Limin , Sun Jing , Zeng Liying , Cai Huihua , He Yuanli 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe replacement of normal endometrial epithelium by fibrotic tissue is the pathological feature of intrauterine adhesion (IUA), which is caused by trauma to the basal layer of the endometrium. COL5A2 is a molecular subtype of collagen V that regulates collagen production in fibrotic tissue. Here, we investigated the roles of Foxf2 and Smad6 in regulating the transcription of COL5A2 and their involvement in the pathogenesis of IUA. Small interference‐mediated Foxf2 (si‐Foxf2) silencing and pcDNA3.1‐mediated Smad6 (pcDNA3.1‐Smad6) up‐regulation were performed in a TGF‐β1‐induced human endometrial stromal cell line (HESC) fibrosis model. Assessment of collagen expression by Western blotting, immunofluorescence and qRT‐PCR showed that COL5A2, COL1A1 and FN were significantly down‐regulated in response to si‐Foxf2 and pcDNA3.1‐Smad6. Transfection of lentivirus vector‐Foxf2 (LV‐Foxf2) and pcDNA3.1‐Smad6 into HESCs and qRT‐PCR showed that Foxf2 promoted COL5A2 expression and Smad6 inhibited Foxf2‐induced COL5A2 expression. Co‐immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual‐luciferase reporter assays to detect the interaction between Foxf2 and Smad6 and their role in COL5A2 transcription showed that Foxf2 interacted with Smad6 and bond the same promoter region of COL5A2. In a rat IUA model, injection of ADV2‐Foxf2‐1810 and ADV4‐Smad6 into the uterine wall showed that Foxf2 down‐regulation and Smad6 up‐regulation decreased fibrosis and the expression of COL5A2 and COL1A1, as detected by haematoxylin/eosin, Masson trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry. Taken together, these results suggested that Foxf2 interacted with Smad6 and co‐regulated COL5A2 transcription in the pathogenesis of IUA, whereas they played opposite roles in fibrosis.
Expression of Lefty predicts Merkel cell carcinoma‐specific death
Authors: Gambichler T. , Ardabili S. , Lang K. , Dreißigacker M. , Scheel C. , Brand‐Saberi B. , Skrygan M. , Stockfleth E. , Käfferlein H.U. , Brüning T. , Becker J.C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundLefty and Nodal are transforming growth factor β‐related proteins, which, beside their role in determination of laterality during embryogenesis, have also been linked with cancer progression.ObjectivesPrompted by the observed significant left‐sided laterality of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), we addressed whether Lefty and Nodal are expressed in MCC and correlated expression patterns with clinical parameters such as MCC laterality and patient outcome.MethodsExpression of Lefty and Nodal in primary MCC was assessed in 29 patients by immunohistochemistry. The histology (H‐)score was calculated and correlated with clinical parameters.ResultsThe median (range) H‐score of Lefty and Nodal was 17.6 (0–291) and 74.9 (0.7–272), respectively. There was a significant correlation between Lefty expression and Nodal expression (correlation coefficient of 0.60, P = 0.0006). There was no significant correlation between Lefty expression and Nodal expression with either tumour laterality, gender, age, Merkel cell polyomavirus status, disease stage, anatomical localization of primary tumours or disease relapse. On univariate analysis, low Lefty expression and Nodal expression were significantly associated with MCC‐specific death (P = 0.010 and P = 0.019, respectively). On univariate analysis, low Lefty expression was the only significant independent predictor for MCC‐specific death (P = 0.025) as indicated by an odds ratio of 14 (95% CI: 1.43–137.33).ConclusionsLefty and Nodal are frequently expressed in MCC, but not correlated with tumour laterality. Importantly, our data suggest that a low level of Lefty expression in primary MCC is a strong predictor of MCC‐specific death.