bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Can mental health nurses working in acute mental health units really be trauma‐informed?” An integrative review of the literature
Authors: Wilson Allyson , Hurley John , Hutchinson Marie , Lakeman Richard 
Published: December 2020

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

The lifetime prevalence of trauma for consumers of mental health services is high.

Both nurses and consumers of mental health services experience trauma and re‐traumatization in mental health units.

TIC is a model of care or approach increasingly used in mental health units to guide nursing actions to minimize trauma and re‐traumatization for those working and accessing mental health services.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Overall, there is poor quality of studies exploring TIC in acute mental health units from the perspective of the MHN.

Acute mental health units have competing organizational demands that can often be a source of conflict for nurses providing TIC.

To be trauma‐informed, a critical examination of the dynamic and unique system‐related processes in mental health units is required.

TIC literature reveals that nurses are seeking to develop the basic skills expected to be gained in earlier preparatory education to respond therapeutically to consumers.

Not all MHNs agree that TIC is necessarily a new or useful model to inform their practice.

Trauma and re‐traumatization experienced by MHNs can be a source of conflict for TIC in the mental health unit environment.

What are the implications for practice?

The broader environmental and organizational demands placed on nurses can create professional and moral conflict for providing TIC.

TIC should acknowledge trauma and re‐traumatization experienced by MHNs in the acute mental health units.

AbstractIntroductionTrauma‐informed care (TIC) is an approach that mental health inpatient units are increasingly adopting, with mental health nurses (MHNs) being the largest occupational group working this area.AimTo critically examine the literature on TIC in mental health inpatient units from a MHN perspective.MethodsPrimary studies examining TIC in mental health inpatient units from a MHN perspective were examined in CINAHL, Medline and PsycINFO database including the reference lists of primary sources. A total of n = 10 studies met the inclusion criteria with four themes identified.DiscussionThere is a paucity of quality research available on TIC to guide MHNs employed in mental health inpatient units. The review has highlighted that MHN practice is influenced by the medical model ideology and competing organizational demands that can at least partially negate the effective provision of TIC.Implications for PracticeFor purposeful application of TIC, the parallel and often unconscious organizational processes that exist for MHNs working in mental health units must too be examined.Relevance StatementThe review invites an opportunity for important reflections by MHNs employed in mental health units. TIC may help restore MHN practice to the interpersonal tenants the profession is best distinguished by.
Preferential retention of the slowly evolving gene in pairs of duplicates in angiosperm genomes
Authors: Wang Lin‐Bo , Ma Hong , Lin Juan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGene duplication provides raw material for functional innovation, but gene duplicability varies considerably. Previous studies have found widespread asymmetrical sequence evolution between paralogs. However, it remains unknown whether the rate of evolution among paralogs affects their propensity of being retained after another round of whole‐genome duplication (WGD). In this study, we investigated gene groups that have experienced two successive WGDs to determine which of two older duplicates with different evolutionary rates was more likely to retain both younger duplicates. To uncouple the measurement of evolutionary rates from any assignment of duplicate or singleton status, we measured the evolutionary rates of singleton genes in out‐lineages but classified these singleton genes according to whether they are retained or not in a crown group of species. We found that genes that retained younger duplicates in the crown group of genomes were more constrained prior to the younger duplication event than those that failed to leave duplicates. In addition, we also found that the retained clades have more genes in out‐lineages. Subsequent analyses showed that genes in the retained clades were expressed more broadly and highly than genes in the singleton clades. We concluded that the set of repeatedly retained genes after two WGDs is biased toward slowly evolving genes in angiosperms, suggesting that the potential of genes for both functional conservation and divergence likely affects their propensity of being retained after WGD in angiosperms.
A Simmelian theory of structural loneliness
Authors: Donbavand Steven 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhilst loneliness may be receiving greater media and political attention, the tendency to present the issue as a discrete individual problem separable from wider social concerns has led to some frustration amongst the sociologically minded. The purpose of this paper is to provide a sociological account of loneliness which is not as susceptible to individualist interpretations as other works in the genre have been. As such the paper focuses on how the structure of a society, rather than its culture, might lead to loneliness. To this end, the paper makes original use of the works of Georg Simmel (1858–1918). Specifically, Simmel's account of how we come to know other people through synthetic construction is applied to his better‐known theory of intersecting social circles. The author claims that when taken together these two aspects of Simmel's thought suggest that social structure can create a form of social isolation in which people find it very difficult to get to know one another, due to a lack of multiple‐context interactions with the same people during their day‐to‐day behavioural patterns. This clustering of interactions within narrow interlocuter‐contexts is hypothesised to account for a portion of the variability in loneliness across individuals, societies and historical time, and is provisionally named as structural loneliness.
Utility of point‐of‐care lung ultrasound for monitoring cardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs
Authors: Murphy Shane D. , Ward Jessica L. , Viall Austin K. , Tropf Melissa A. , Walton Rebecca L. , Fowler Jennifer L. , Ware Wendy A. , DeFrancesco Teresa C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPoint‐of‐care lung ultrasound (LUS) is an effective tool to diagnose left‐sided congestive heart failure (L‐CHF) in dogs via detection of ultrasound artifacts (B‐lines) caused by increased lung water.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine whether LUS can be used to monitor resolution of cardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs, and to compare LUS to other indicators of L‐CHF control.AnimalsTwenty‐five client‐owned dogs hospitalized for treatment of first‐onset L‐CHF.MethodsProtocolized LUS, thoracic radiographs (TXR), and plasma N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide were performed at hospital admission, hospital discharge, and recheck examinations. Lung ultrasound findings were compared between timepoints and to other clinical measures of L‐CHF.ResultsFrom time of hospital admission to discharge (mean 19.6 hours), median number of LUS sites strongly positive for B‐lines (>3 B‐lines per site) decreased from 5 (range, 1‐8) to 1 (range, 0‐5;P < .001), and median total B‐line score decreased from 37 (range, 6‐74) to 5 (range, 0‐32;P= .002). Lung ultrasound indices remained improved at first recheck (P < .001). Number of strong positive sites correlated positively with respiratory rate (r= 0.52,P= .008) and TXR edema score (r= 0.51,P= .009) at hospital admission. Patterns of edema resolution differed between LUS and TXR, with cranial quadrants showing more significant reduction in B‐lines compared to TXR edema score (80% vs 29% reduction, respectively;P= .003).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceLung ultrasound could be a useful tool for monitoring resolution of pulmonary edema in dogs with L‐CHF.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of solid dispersion formulation of tilmicosin in pigs
Authors: Zhang Nan , Ba Juan , Wang Shaojie , Xu Zhigao , Wu Fuda , Li Zhili , Deng Hua , Yang Hong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTilmicosin (TMS) is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic restricted to veterinary use but is only partially soluble in aqueous solutions, which limits its administration in treatments. We developed a strategy to enhance the supersaturated solubility of TMS using amorphous solid dispersion (SD). The dissolution profile shown that the dissolution rate of TMS‐SD was obviously faster than TMS. The pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin (TMS) and tilmicosin solid dispersion (TMS‐SD) in pigs after oral administration at a single dose of 50 mg/kg b.w were investigated. The tmax of TMS‐SD (2.50 hr) was 1.80 times faster than TMS (4.50 hr) (p < .05). There were no significant differences in the other PK parameters (Cmax, t1/2β, V/F, CL/F, MRT, and AUC0‐inf) (p > .05). The mean relative bioavailability of TMS‐SD compared with TMS was 140.39%, according to the AUC0‐inf values. These results demonstrated that the solid dispersion technique enhanced the bioavailability of TMS and the new formulation administered to animals via drinking water may be used as a therapeutic alternative for clinical treatments.
Glycan moieties in Entamoeba histolytica ubiquitin are immunodominant
Authors: Flores María S. , Obregón‐Cardenas Adriana , Rangel Roberto , Tamez Eva , Flores Andrés , Trejo‐Avila Laura , Quintero Isela , Arévalo Katiushka , Maldonado María G. , Gandarilla Fátima L. , Galán Luis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe ubiquitin‐proteasome system plays a central role performing several functions to maintain parasite homeostasis. We have reported the partial characterization of N‐linked glycosylation profile in E. histolytica ubiquitin (EhUb). Here we examined the immunogenicity and antigenicity of carbohydrates in EhUbiquitin. Rabbits were immunized with purified EhUbiquitin or purified recombinant rUb expressed by E. coli. Using Western Blot, we explored the immunogenicity and antigenicity of protein portion and carbohydrates moiety. Interestingly, immunized rabbits produced antibodies to both Ub glycoprotein and rUb; but antibodies against carbohydrates were immunodominant, rather than antibodies to the protein moiety of EhUbiquitin. In addition, we observed that antibodies to protein moiety are not conserved in serum unless antigen is continually administrated. Conversely, anti‐Ub glycoprotein antibodies are well maintained in circulation. In humans, infection with Entamoeba histolytica induces strong IgG anti‐Ub response. The human antibodies recognize both, the protein moieties and the glycosylated structure. Entamoeba histolytica ubiquitin is immunogenic and antigenic. The glycan moieties are immunodominant and induces IgG. These data open the door to use carbohydrates as potential targets for diagnose tests, drugs and vaccine to prevent this parasitic disease.
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia as a dyadic protective factor in the transition to parenthood
Authors: Bar‐Kalifa Eran , Abba‐Daleski Michal , Pshedetzky‐Shochat Rony , Gleason Marci E. J. , Rafaeli Eshkol 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConsiderable heterogeneity has been observed in couples’ adjustment to the transition to parenthood (TTP). One potential yet understudied predictor of emotional adjustment to the TTP is the new parents’ capacity for regulation. A widely accepted biological marker of this capacity is respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), which is closely tied to parasympathetic activation. In the present work, we sought to examine the role of tonic RSA and RSA reactivity as possible protective dyadic factors in the TTP. As part of a larger study, we recruited a sample (N = 100) of TTP couples. At 15 weeks postpartum, the couples took part in a lab session during which their RSA was assessed both at rest (tonic RSA) and during four affiliative dyadic interactions (RSA reactivity). Following this session, couples completed daily diaries over a period of 3 weeks, reporting their daily levels of negative affect and stress. A Multivariate Actor Partner Interdependence Model was used to examine the extent to which each partner's RSA predicted their own and their partner's negative affect (NA) level, as well as NA stress‐reactivity (i.e., the strength of the within‐person stress‐affect association). New mothers’ tonic RSA predicted their own lower NA level and NA stress‐reactivity; both their tonic RSA and RSA reactivity predicted their (male) partners’ lower NA level; and finally, new fathers’ tonic RSA and RSA reactivity predicted their (female) partners’ lower NA stress‐reactivity. These results suggest that RSA may serve as a personal and dyadic protective factor.
The versatile “lip switch” or transitional flap vestibuloplasty combined with alveoloplasty and implant placement to treat atrophic mandibles with inadequate vestibules and attached tissue: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Adams David R. , Petukhova Yuliya , Halpern Leslie R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe edentulous mandibular ridge and associated shallow vestibule are often seen as a challenge in the oral rehabilitation of patients. Dental implants can provide an improvement in mastication and patient satisfaction. The aim of this study is to utilize a preprosthetic mucosal flap combined with a repositional periosteal flap concomitant with an alveoloplasty and placement of endosteal implants as a single‐stage procedure in the anterior mandible. This approach provides a valued alternative for dental rehabilitation in patients with poor masticatory efficiency using a conventional denture.MethodsEight patients underwent the preprosthetic surgical plan in the oral surgery clinic of the dental school during a 1‐year period. Age, sex, preoperative, and postoperative vestibular depth, as well as hard and soft tissue elements were measured (P < .05) at 4‐6 months.ResultsMean age was 53 years ± 14.62 (N = 8). Anterior mandible height was 19 ± 4.8 mm. A significant difference was measured using a two‐tailed Student's t‐test between pre‐ and postoperative vestibular depths, respectively (3.9 mm vs 10.5 ± 0.96 mm; P < .01).ConclusionsA lip switch vestibuloplasty combined with placement of two implants provide a one‐stage procedure that is convenient, provides a shorter postoperative period, and can be financially affordable. Future research requires larger sampling to support this treatment as a standard of care.
‘I have cried a lot’: a qualitative study on children experiencing severe parental illness
Authors: Faugli Anne , Kufås Elin , Haukland Magne , Kallander Ellen K. , Ruud Torleif , Weimand Bente M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundA considerable body of research has explored implications of severe parental illness on children. However, less is known about what children and adolescents with a severely ill parent experience as the most challenging.AimsTo describe what children with a severely ill parent experience as their most difficult challenge.MethodsA qualitative descriptive design with a manifest content analysis was used on data from a cross‐sectional, multicenter study on children of patients in five Norwegian Health trusts. Data consisted of written textual responds from 238 children (age 8–18) to one open‐ended question in a self‐report questionnaire.ResultsThe overall theme concerning the children’s most difficult challenge was named ‘the drama of life unfoldment’, reflecting the parental illness’ impact on themselves, their relationships with others, and their life circumstances. The subthemes consisted of: Children’s experiences of difficult thoughts and feelings; negatively impaired relationship with parents, friends and others; and challenging life events and obstacles in welfare.ConclusionsThe most difficult challenge experienced by the children with a severely ill parent implies life unfoldment challenges and include negative personal and relational impact, challenging life events and obstacles in welfare.
The importance of families in nursing care: attitudes of nurses in the Netherlands
Authors: Hagedoorn Ellen I. , Paans Wolter , Jaarsma Tiny , Keers Joost C. , van der Schans Cees P. , Luttik Marie Louise A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionPositive attitudes towards family involvement in nursing care are essential for improving the involvement of and collaboration with patients’ families. The aim of this study is to explore nurses’ attitudes towards the importance of families in nursing care.MethodUsing a cross‐sectional design, hospital and homecare nurses completed the Families Importance to Nursing Care (FINC‐NA) scale, Dutch language version, consisting of four subscales. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analyses.ResultsA total of 426 hospital and homecare nurses were eligible for analysis (mean (SD) age 42 years (13), 93% female). The mean (SD) attitude of nurses was 63.8 (12) (100‐point scale) on the FINC‐NA. Less than half of the nurses (44%) considered family as a collaboration partner, and 37% of nurses stated that families should be invited to actively participate in planning patient care. The nurses’ attitudes were explained by years of work experience in nursing, work setting and existing policy regarding families in patient care.ConclusionThis study identifies areas of improvement regarding to nurses’ attitudes towards the importance of families in nursing care in order to establish a more family‐focused approach in nursing care. Nursing policies should facilitate working with families as part of regular nursing processes. Furthermore, the importance of family involvement in care should be an explicit matter of concern for nursing educational institutions and for policy making within healthcare organisations.
Modeling the geospatial dynamics of residential segregation in three Canadian cities: An agent‐based approach
Authors: Anderson Taylor , Leung Aaron , Dragicevic Suzana , Perez Liliana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLong‐term residential segregation can exacerbate social inequality and exclusion in urban populations. Existing models of segregation aim to represent and better understand drivers of segregation and assess possible segregation effects in response to incoming immigrant populations. However, these studies are not typically implemented on real geospatial data to represent the urban environment, and even less frequently compare patterns of segregation between cities. Therefore, the objective of this study is to implement an agent‐based model that simulates the decision‐making process of immigrants as they arrive and settle in three Canadian gateways for immigration, including the City of Toronto, the City of Calgary, and Metro Vancouver. The resulting simulated spatial patterns of segregation are visually compared to real data representing the location of hotspots of immigrants of various ethnic origins. The degree of segregation is measured and compared, with measures of segregation obtained from actual census data. The spatial patterns and degree of segregation are compared across the three study areas. The developed model has the potential to be used as a tool for knowledge discovery and decision‐making in the processes of city planning.
Arabidopsis Abscisic Acid Repressor 1 is a susceptibility hub that interacts with multiple Pseudomonas syringae effectors
Authors: Schreiber Karl J. , Hassan Jana A. , Lewis Jennifer D. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryPathogens secrete effector proteins into host cells to suppress host immunity and promote pathogen virulence, although many features at the molecular interface of host–pathogen interactions remain to be characterized. In a yeast two‐hybrid assay, we found that the Pseudomonas syringae effector HopZ1a interacts with the Arabidopsis transcriptional regulator Abscisic Acid Repressor 1 (ABR1). Further analysis revealed that ABR1 interacts with multiple P. syringae effectors, suggesting that it may be targeted as a susceptibility hub. Indeed, loss‐of‐function abr1 mutants exhibit reduced susceptibility to a number of P. syringae strains. The ABR1 protein comprises a conserved APETALA2 (AP2) domain flanked by long regions of predicted structural disorder. We verified the DNA‐binding activity of the AP2 domain and demonstrated that the disordered domains act redundantly to enhance DNA binding and to facilitate transcriptional activation by ABR1. Finally, we compared gene expression profiles from wild‐type and abr1 plants following inoculation with P. syringae, which suggested that the reduced susceptibility of abr1 mutants is due to the loss of a virulence target rather than an enhanced immune response. These data highlight ABR1 as a functionally important component at the host–pathogen interface.
Natural Frequency Measurements of the Fluid-Elastic-Coupled Shell Plate Vibration in a Large-Sized Cylindrical Steel Tank by Microtremor Observations
Authors: Hatayama Ken , Zama Shinsaku , Yoshida Shoichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNaturally occurring microtremor observations measured the natural frequencies of the fluid-elastic-coupled shell plate vibration (bulging) in a large flat-bottomed cylindrical steel tank with a capacity of 125,000-m3. Five peaks appear in the observed microtremor spectral ratios of the top or midheight of the shell plate to the bottom on the tank foundation. Comparing the spectral ratios to the solutions obtained by FEM eigenvalue analysis assuming a fixed base suggests that the five peaks are the bulging modes of (m, n)=(1, 1–5), where m and n denote the vertical order and the circumferential wavenumber, respectively. The measured non-soil-coupled natural frequencies from the spectral ratio agree fairly well with those obtained from FEM analysis. The measured natural frequencies of the fundamental mode (m = n = 1) also agree well with those projected by a simplified equation developed under the assumption of a fixed base, which is adopted in the seismic codes of the Japanese Fire Service Act. This equation should provide a reliable soil-coupled natural frequency of the fundamental mode for a tank situated on firm ground in which the storage-soil-coupled effects are presumed weak. Additionally, a simple method is presented to determine the non-soil-coupled natural frequency of the fundamental mode from the observed microtremor spectral ratios without referencing the FEM eigenvalue solutions. This simple method works very well for the tank examined.