bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scientific AI in materials science: a path to a sustainable and scalable paradigm
Authors: DeCost BL , Hattrick-Simpers JR , Trautt Z , Kusne AG , Campo E , Green ML 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Recently there has been an ever-increasing trend in the use of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) methods by the materials science, condensed matter physics, and chemistry communities. This perspective article identifies key scientific, technical, and social opportunities that the materials community must prioritize to consistently develop and leverage Scientific AI (SciAI) to provide a credible path towards the advancement of current materials-limited technologies. Here we highlight the intersections of these opportunities with a series of proposed paths forward. The opportunities are roughly sorted from scientific/technical (e.g. development of robust, physically meaningful multiscale material representations) to social (e.g. promoting an AI-ready workforce). The proposed paths forward range from developing new infrastructure and capabilities to deploying them in industry and academia. We provide a brief introduction to AI in materials science and engineering, followed by detailed discussions of each of the opportunities and paths forward.
Transformative Learning in Field Education: Students Bridging the Theory/Practice Gap
Authors: Archer-Kuhn Beth , Samson Patricia , Damianakis Thecla , Barrett Betty , Matin Sumaiya , Ahern Christine 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In a four-year, four cohort study utilising a series of six focus groups, forty Masters of Social Work students preparing to graduate defined their personal and professional experiences of transformation in their respective social work field education settings. Using an inductive thematic analysis, students highlighted four key themes in their transformative learning (TL) process: (i) defining the nature of disorienting dilemmas in field education; (ii) critical self-reflection, coping and moving through disorienting dilemmas; (iii) identifying the transformative outcomes in a field context; and (iv) facilitative factors to TL in field education. The findings illuminate the essential role of the field supervisor in creating ‘relationship’. The field supervisor/student relationship is the conduit to students’ deep learning, critical reflection, identity shifts and empathy supporting the student’s navigation through their disorientating moments towards transformative and meaningful outcomes. This study extends our understanding of the role of TL theory within experiential learning contexts and the feasibility of its use in the social work field education experience.
Cold stress protein RBM3 responds to hypothermia and is associated with good stroke outcome
Authors: Ávila-Gómez Paulo , Vieites-Prado Alba , Dopico-López Antonio , Bashir Saima , Fernández-Susavila Héctor , Gubern Carme , Pérez-Mato María , Correa-Paz Clara , Iglesias-Rey Ramón , Sobrino Tomás , Bustamante Alejandro , Wellmann Sven , Montaner Joan , Serena Joaquín , Castillo José , Hervella Pablo , Campos Francisco 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
RNA-binding motif protein 3 is a molecular marker of hypothermia that has proved neuroprotective in neurodegenerative disease models. However, its relationship to the well-recognized therapeutic effect of hypothermia in ischaemic stroke had not been studied. In this work, the expression of RNA-binding motif protein 3 was investigated in ischaemic animal models subjected to systemic and focal brain hypothermia, specifically the effects of RNA-binding motif protein 3 silencing and overexpression on ischaemic lesions. Moreover, the association of RNA-binding motif protein 3 levels with body temperature and clinical outcome was evaluated in two independent cohorts of acute ischaemic stroke patients (n = 215); these levels were also determined in a third cohort of 31 patients derived from the phase III EuroHYP-1 trial of therapeutic cooling in ischaemic stroke. The preclinical data confirmed the increase of brain RNA-binding motif protein 3 levels in ischaemic animals subjected to systemic and focal hypothermia; this increase was selectively higher in the cooled hemisphere of animals undergoing focal brain hypothermia, thus confirming the direct effect of hypothermia on RNA-binding motif protein 3 expression, while RNA-binding motif protein 3 up-regulation in ischaemic brain regions led to functional recovery. Clinically, patients with body temperature &lt;37.5°C in the first two cohorts had higher RNA-binding motif protein 3 values at 24 h and good outcome at 3 months post-ischaemic stroke, while RNA-binding motif protein 3 levels in the cooled third cohort tended to exceed those in placebo-treated patients. These results make RNA-binding motif protein 3 a molecular marker associated with the effect of hypothermia in ischaemic stroke and suggest its potential application as a promising protective target.
Pandemic Planning in Homeless Shelters: A Pilot Study of a Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Testing and Support Program to Mitigate the Risk of COVID-19 Outbreaks in Congregate Settings
Authors: O’Shea Timothy , Bodkin Claire , Mokashi Vaibhav , Beal Kerry , Wiwcharuk Jill , Lennox Robin , Guenter Dale , Smieja Marek , Bulir David , Chong Sylvia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We tested 104 residents and 141 staff for coronavirus disease 2019 who failed daily symptom screening in homeless shelters in Hamilton, Canada. We detected 1 resident (1%), 7 staff (5%), and 1 case of secondary spread. Shelter restructuring to allow physical distancing, testing, and isolation can decrease outbreaks in shelters.
Altered Immune Reconstitution in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Authors: Murray Daniel D , Zaunders John , Milliken Samuel T , Mee Ling Munier C , Ford Carole , Orla Morrissey C , Visweswaran Malini , Avery Sharon , Sasadeusz Joseph , Kwan John , Desai Shrinivas , Law Matthew , Koelsch Kersten K , Lewin Sharon R , Moore John , Kelleher Anthony D , Polizzotto Mark N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at elevated risk of developing the malignant diseases that require allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Recent data suggest that these individuals are also at an elevated risk of certain complications post-ASCT. This risk may result from preexisting HIV-related factors affecting dynamics of immune reconstitution post-ASCT. However, to date, there has been little work describing the dynamics of immune reconstitution post-ASCT in persons with HIV and none comparing these data to controls without HIV.

Methods
We assessed T-cell reconstitution in 6 ASCT with HIV recipients (HIV+ASCT) compared to a control population of 21 ASCT without HIV recipients. In a subset of HIV+ASCT recipients we performed additional flow cytometry profiling of CD8+ T-cell subsets and antigen specificity of reconstituting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

Results
We observe no difference in post-ASCT CD4+ T cells between HIV+ASCT and HIV-negative ASCT recipients, despite much lower pre-ASCT CD4+ T-cell counts in the HIV+ASCT group. In contrast, we observed significantly higher CD8+ T-cell numbers in the HIV+ASCT group post-ASCT. The reconstituting CD8+ T-cells were predominantly CD45RO+, whereas homing markers and antigen specificity of these cells varied between participants.

Conclusion
This study represents the most extensive characterization of immune-reconstitution post-ASCT in persons with HIV, and the first to our knowledge to compare these data to ASCT controls without HIV. The results indicate that immune reconstitution in this group can be affected by preexisting HIV infection and post-ASCT antigen exposure.
Conserved white-rot enzymatic mechanism for wood decay in the Basidiomycota genus Pycnoporus
Authors: Miyauchi Shingo , Hage Hayat , Drula Elodie , Lesage-Meessen Laurence , Berrin Jean-Guy , Navarro David , Favel Anne , Chaduli Delphine , Grisel Sacha , Haon Mireille , Piumi François , Levasseur Anthony , Lomascolo Anne , Ahrendt Steven , Barry Kerrie , LaButti Kurt M , Chevret Didier , Daum Chris , Mariette Jérôme , Klopp Christophe , Cullen Daniel , de Vries Ronald P , Gathman Allen C , Hainaut Matthieu , Henrissat Bernard , Hildén Kristiina S , Kües Ursula , Lilly Walt , Lipzen Anna , Mäkelä Miia R , Martinez Angel T , Morel-Rouhier Mélanie , Morin Emmanuelle , Pangilinan Jasmyn , Ram Arthur F J , Wösten Han A B , Ruiz-Dueñas Francisco J , Riley Robert , Record Eric , Grigoriev Igor V , Rosso Marie-Noëlle 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
White-rot (WR) fungi are pivotal decomposers of dead organic matter in forest ecosystems and typically use a large array of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes to deconstruct lignocellulose. However, the extent of lignin and cellulose degradation may vary between species and wood type. Here, we combined comparative genomics, transcriptomics and secretome proteomics to identify conserved enzymatic signatures at the onset of wood-decaying activity within the Basidiomycota genus Pycnoporus. We observed a strong conservation in the genome structures and the repertoires of protein-coding genes across the four Pycnoporus species described to date, despite the species having distinct geographic distributions. We further analysed the early response of P. cinnabarinus, P. coccineus and P. sanguineus to diverse (ligno)-cellulosic substrates. We identified a conserved set of enzymes mobilized by the three species for breaking down cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. The co-occurrence in the exo-proteomes of H2O2-producing enzymes with H2O2-consuming enzymes was a common feature of the three species, although each enzymatic partner displayed independent transcriptional regulation. Finally, cellobiose dehydrogenase-coding genes were systematically co-regulated with at least one AA9 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase gene, indicative of enzymatic synergy in vivo. This study highlights a conserved core white-rot fungal enzymatic mechanism behind the wood-decaying process.
Oral bacteria affect the gut microbiome and intestinal immunity
Authors: Kobayashi Ryoki , Ogawa Yasuhiro , Hashizume-Takizawa Tomomi , Kurita-Ochiai Tomoko 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTRecently, it has been suggested that the oral administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen for periodontal disease, induces dysbiosis of the mouse intestinal microbiota and affects intestinal barrier function. Since oral streptococci are the predominant oral bacterial group, we compared the effect of their oral administration on the intestinal tract compared to that of P. gingivalis. Swallowing oral bacteria caused gut dysbiosis, due to increased Bacteroides and Staphylococcus and decreased Lactobacillus spp. Furthermore, oral bacterial infection caused an increase in lactate and decreases in succinate and n-butyrate contents. In the small intestine, the decrease in Th17 cells was considered to be a result of oral bacterial infection, although the population of Treg cells remained unaffected. In addition, oral bacterial challenge increased the M1/M2 macrophage ratio and decreased the immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody titer in feces. These results suggest that gut dysbiosis caused by oral bacteria may cause a decrease in Th17 cells and fecal IgA levels and an increase in the M1/M2 macrophage ratio, thereby promoting chronic inflammation.
Dementia is Associated With Poorer Quality of Care and Outcomes After Stroke: An Observational Study
Authors: Callisaya Michele L , Purvis Tara , Lawler Katherine , Brodtmann Amy , Cadilhac Dominique A , Kilkenny Monique F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
To determine whether preexisting dementia is associated with poorer quality of care and outcomes after stroke in the acute hospital phase.

Method
This was a retrospective analysis of pooled data from the Australian Stroke Foundation national audit conducted in 2015 and 2017. Dementia status was obtained from the medical records. Processes of care to assess quality included: stroke unit care, time-dependent therapy, nursing/allied health assessments, and preparation for discharge. Outcomes included in-hospital complications, independence on discharge, and destination. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between dementia status and processes of care. Multilevel random effects logistic regression, with level defined as hospital, was used to examine associations between dementia status and outcomes.

Results
There were 683/7,070 (9.7%) audited patients with dementia included. Patients with dementia were less likely to be treated in stroke units (58.3% vs 70.6%), receive thrombolysis if an ischemic stroke (5.8% vs 11.1%), have access within 48 hours to physiotherapy (56.4% vs 69.7%) or occupational therapy (46.8% vs 55.6%), see a dietitian if problems with nutrition (64.4% vs 75.9%), or have mood assessed (2.6% vs 12.3%). Patients with dementia were more likely to receive no rehabilitation (adjusted odds ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.25, 2.83) and be discharged to residential care (adjusted odds ratio 2.36, 95% confidence interval 1.50, 3.72).

Conclusion
People with dementia received poorer quality of care and had worse outcomes after stroke. Our findings raise questions regarding equity and the need for better understanding of why the quality of care differs after stroke for people with dementia.
Endocytosis of Intestinal Tight Junction Proteins: In Time and Space
Authors: Nighot Prashant , Ma Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEukaryotic cells take up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding milieu and also internalize membrane proteins via a precise process of endocytosis. The role of endocytosis in diverse physiological processes such as cell adhesion, cell signaling, tissue remodeling, and healing is well recognized. The epithelial tight junctions (TJs), present at the apical lateral membrane, play a key role in cell adhesion and regulation of paracellular pathway. These vital functions of the TJ are achieved through the dynamic regulation of the presence of pore and barrier-forming proteins within the TJ complex on the plasma membrane. In response to various intracellular and extracellular clues, the TJ complexes are actively regulated by intracellular trafficking. The intracellular trafficking consists of endocytosis and recycling cargos to the plasma membrane or targeting them to the lysosomes for degradation. Increased intestinal TJ permeability is a pathological factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the TJ permeability could be increased due to the altered endocytosis or recycling of TJ proteins. This review discusses the current information on endocytosis of intestinal epithelial TJ proteins. The knowledge of the endocytic regulation of the epithelial TJ barrier will provide further understanding of pathogenesis and potential targets for IBD and a wide variety of human disease conditions.
Evidence that the Dorsal Velvet of Barn Owl Wing Feathers Decreases Rubbing Sounds during Flapping Flight
Authors: LePiane Krista , Clark Christopher J 
Published: June 2020

Synopsis
Owls have specialized feather features hypothesized to reduce sound produced during flight. One of these features is the velvet, a structure composed of elongated filaments termed pennulae that project dorsally from the upper surface of wing and tail feathers. There are two hypotheses of how the velvet functions to reduce sound. According to the aerodynamic noise hypothesis, the velvet reduces sound produced by aerodynamic processes, such as turbulence development on the surface of the wing. Alternatively, under the structural noise hypothesis, the velvet reduces frictional noise produced when two feathers rub together. The aerodynamic noise hypothesis predicts impairing the velvet will increase aerodynamic flight sounds predominantly at low frequency, since turbulence formation predominantly generates low frequency sound; and that changes in sound levels will occur predominantly during the downstroke, when aerodynamic forces are greatest. Conversely, the frictional noise hypothesis predicts impairing the velvet will cause a broadband (i.e., across all frequencies) increase in flight sounds, since frictional sounds are broadband; and that changes in sound levels will occur during the upstroke, when the wing feathers rub against each other the most. Here, we tested these hypotheses by impairing with hairspray the velvet on inner wing feathers (P1-S4) of 13 live barn owls (Tyto alba) and measuring the sound produced between 0.1 and 16 kHz during flapping flight. Relative to control flights, impairing the velvet increased sound produced across the entire frequency range (i.e., the effect was broadband) and the upstroke increased more than the downstroke, such that the upstroke of manipulated birds was louder than the downstroke, supporting the frictional noise hypothesis. Our results suggest that a substantial amount of bird flight sound is produced by feathers rubbing against feathers during flapping flight.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and Scientific Societies Meeting on Research Training Efforts: Summary of Recommendations to Address Early-Stage Investigators
Authors: Gaillard Shawn R , Strickland Paula S , Fenton Matthew J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A group of representatives from scientific societies and organizations met to discuss possible solutions for funding and retaining early-stage investigators in research that supports the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases research agenda. This article describes perspectives voiced during that meeting.
Screening of a Library of Recombinant Schistosoma mansoni Proteins With Sera From Murine and Human Controlled Infections Identifies Early Serological Markers
Authors: Crosnier Cécile , Hokke Cornelis H , Protasio Anna V , Brandt Cordelia , Rinaldi Gabriel , Langenberg Marijke C C , Clare Simon , Janse Jacqueline J , Wilson Shona , Berriman Matthew , Roestenberg Meta , Wright Gavin J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Schistosomiasis is a major global health problem caused by blood-dwelling parasitic worms, which is currently tackled primarily by mass administration of the drug praziquantel. Appropriate drug treatment strategies are informed by diagnostics that establish the prevalence and intensity of infection, which, in regions of low transmission, should be highly sensitive.

Methods
To identify sensitive new serological markers of Schistosoma mansoni infections, we have compiled a recombinant protein library of parasite cell-surface and secreted proteins expressed in mammalian cells.

Results
Together with a time series of sera samples from volunteers experimentally infected with a defined number of male parasites, we probed this protein library to identify several markers that can detect primary infections with as low as 10 parasites and as early as 5 weeks postinfection.

Conclusions
These new markers could be further explored as valuable tools to detect ongoing and previous S mansoni infections, including in endemic regions where transmission is low.
ACE2 Expression Is Increased in the Lungs of Patients With Comorbidities Associated With Severe COVID-19
Authors: Pinto Bruna G G , Oliveira Antonio E R , Singh Youvika , Jimenez Leandro , Gonçalves Andre N A , Ogava Rodrigo L T , Creighton Rachel , Schatzmann Peron Jean Pierre , Nakaya Helder I 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPatients who died from COVID-19 often had comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and chronic obstructive lung disease. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is crucial for SARS-CoV-2 to bind and enter host cells, no study has systematically assessed the ACE2 expression in the lungs of patients with these diseases. Here, we analyzed over 700 lung transcriptome samples from patients with comorbidities associated with severe COVID-19 and found that ACE2 was highly expressed in these patients compared to control individuals. This finding suggests that patients with such comorbidities may have higher chances of developing severe COVID-19. Correlation and network analyses revealed many potential regulators of ACE2 in the human lung, including genes related to histone modifications, such as HAT1, HDAC2, and KDM5B. Our systems biology approach offers a possible explanation for increased COVID-19 severity in patients with certain comorbidities.
The challenging pathway towards the identification of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 therapeutics
Authors: Siccardi Marco , Schapiro Jonathan , Di Perri Giovanni , Back David J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The development of therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 faces numerous barriers and a multidisciplinary approach to evaluating drug efficacy and toxicity is essential. Experimental and preclinical data should be integrated into a comprehensive analysis, where drug potency, the timing of therapy initiation, drug combinations, variability in systemic and local drug exposure and short- and long-term toxicities represent fundamental factors for the rational identification of candidates and prioritization of clinical investigations. Although the identification of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics is a priority, rigorous and transparent methodologies are crucial to ensure that accelerated research programmes result in high-quality and reproducible findings.
The synergistic effects of elevated temperature and CO2-induced ocean acidification reduce cardiac performance and increase disease susceptibility in subadult, female American lobsters Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Nephropidae) from the Gulf of Maine
Authors: Harrington Amalia M , Harrington Robert J , Bouchard Deborah A , Hamlin Heather J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Increased greenhouse gas emissions have caused rapid ocean warming (OW) and reduced ocean pH via acidification (OA). Both OW and OA will likely impact marine crustaceans, but they are often examined in isolation. We conducted an environmental-stressor experiment to understand how exposure to current summer conditions (16 °C, pH 8.0), OW only (20 °C, pH 8.0), OA only (16 °C, pH 7.6), or both acidification and warming, OAW (20 °C, pH 7.6), differentially influence thermal physiology and immune response of female subadults of the American lobster, Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837. Following a 42 d exposure, cardiac performance was assessed during an acute thermal stress, and lobsters were subjected to a subsequent 21 d pathogen challenge with the bacterium Aerococcus viridans var. homari, the causative agent of gaffkemia. Lobsters under OAW had significantly lower (P ≤ 0.02) Arrhenius break temperatures (ABT), an indicator of thermal limits of capacity, compared to lobsters exposed to all other treatments, suggesting these stressors act synergistically to reduce physiological performance. Individuals from the OW and OAW treatments also had significantly lower (P ≤ 0.035) total hemocyte counts (THCs), an indicator of immune response, and showed a reduced median time to death (by up to 5 d sooner) post A. viridans injection compared to lobsters exposed to current summer conditions. Moreover, nearly twice as many lobsters exposed to OAW lost at least one claw during the pathogen challenge compared to all other treatment groups, potentially increasing the risk of mortality due to secondary infection. Together, these results suggest that OAW will impact the physiology and immune response of subadult H. americanus, potentially influencing successful recruitment to the fishery.