bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PGPR‐mediated induction of systemic resistance and physiochemical alterations in plants against the pathogens: Current perspectives
Authors: Meena Mukesh , Swapnil Prashant , Divyanshu Kumari , Kumar Sunil , Harish  , Tripathi Yashoda Nandan , Zehra Andleeb , Marwal Avinash , Upadhyay Ram Sanmukh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPlant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are diverse groups of plant‐associated microorganisms, which can reduce the severity or incidence of disease during antagonism among bacteria and soil‐borne pathogens, as well as by influencing a systemic resistance to elicit defense response in host plants. An amalgamation of various strains of PGPR has improved the efficacy by enhancing the systemic resistance opposed to various pathogens affecting the crop. Many PGPR used with seed treatment causes structural improvement of the cell wall and physiological/biochemical changes leading to the synthesis of proteins, peptides, and chemicals occupied in plant defense mechanisms. The major determinants of PGPR‐mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) are lipopolysaccharides, lipopeptides, siderophores, pyocyanin, antibiotics 2,4‐diacetylphoroglucinol, the volatile 2,3‐butanediol,N‐alkylated benzylamine, and iron‐regulated compounds. Many PGPR inoculants have been commercialized and these inoculants consequently aid in the improvement of crop growth yield and provide effective reinforcement to the crop from disease, whereas other inoculants are used as biofertilizers for native as well as crops growing at diverse extreme habitat and exhibit multifunctional plant growth‐promoting attributes. A number of applications of PGPR formulation are needed to maintain the resistance levels in crop plants. Several microarray‐based studies have been done to identify the genes, which are associated with PGPR‐induced systemic resistance. Identification of these genes associated with ISR‐mediating disease suppression and biochemical changes in the crop plant is one of the essential steps in understanding the disease resistance mechanisms in crops. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the PGPR‐mediated innovative methods, focusing on the mode of action of compounds authorized that may be significant in the development contributing to enhance plant growth, disease resistance, and serve as an efficient bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture. The review also highlights current research progress in this field with a special emphasis on challenges, limitations, and their environmental and economic advantages.
Cartilage articulation exacerbates chondrocyte damage and death after impact injury
Authors: Ayala Steven , Delco Michelle L. , Fortier Lisa A. , Cohen Itai , Bonassar Lawrence J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPosttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is typically initiated by momentary supraphysiologic shear and compressive forces delivered to articular cartilage during acute joint injury and develops through subsequent degradation of cartilage matrix components and tissue remodeling. PTOA affects 12% of the population who experience osteoarthritis and is attributed to over $3 billion dollars annually in healthcare costs. It is currently unknown whether articulation of the joint post‐injury helps tissue healing or exacerbates cellular dysfunction and eventual death. We hypothesize that post‐injury cartilage articulation will lead to increased cartilage damage. Our objective was to test this hypothesis by mimicking the mechanical environment of the joint during and post‐injury and determining if subsequent joint articulation exacerbates damage produced by initial injury. We use a model of PTOA that combines impact injury and repetitive sliding with confocal microscopy to quantify and track chondrocyte viability, apoptosis, and mitochondrial depolarization in a depth‐dependent manner. Cartilage explants were harvested from neonatal bovine knee joints and subjected to either rapid impact injury (17.34 ± 0.99 MPa, 21.6 ± 2.45 GPa/s), sliding (60 min at 1 mm/s, under 15% axial compression), or rapid impact injury followed by sliding. Explants were then bisected and fluorescently stained for cell viability, caspase activity (apoptosis), and mitochondria polarization. Results show that compared to either impact or sliding alone, explants that were both impacted and slid experienced higher magnitudes of damage spanning greater tissue depths.
Naproxen treatment inhibits articular cartilage loss in a rat model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Paglia David N. , Kanjilal Deboleena , Kadkoy Yazan , Moskonas Spiro , Wetterstrand Charlene , Lin Anthony , Galloway Joseph , Tompson Jeffrey , Culbertson Maya D. , O'Connor J. Patrick 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe effects of naproxen, a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID), on articular cartilage degeneration in female Sprague–Dawley rats was examined. Osteoarthritis (OA) was induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in each knee. Rats were treated with acetaminophen (60 mg/kg), naproxen (8 mg/kg), or 1% carboxymethylcellulose (placebo) by oral gavage twice daily for 3 weeks, beginning 2 weeks after surgery. OA severity was assessed by histological Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring and by measuring proximal tibia cartilage depth using contrast enhanced µCT (n = 6 per group) in specimens collected at 2, 5, and 7 weeks after surgery as well as on pristine knees. Medial cartilage OARSI scores from the DMM knees of naproxen‐treated rats were statistically lower (i.e., better) than the medial cartilage OARSI scores from the DMM knees of placebo‐treated rats at 5‐weeks (8.7 ± 3.6 vs. 13.2 ± 2.4, p = 0.025) and 7‐weeks (9.5 ± 1.2 vs. 12.5 ± 2.5, p = 0.024) after surgery. At 5 weeks after DMM surgery, medial articular cartilage depth in the proximal tibia specimens was significantly greater in the naproxen (1.78 ± 0.26 mm, p = 0.005) and acetaminophen (1.94 ± 0.12 mm, p < 0.001) treated rats as compared with placebo‐treated rats (1.34 ± 0.24 mm). However, at 7 weeks (2 weeks after drug withdrawal), medial articular cartilage depth for acetaminophen‐treated rats (1.36 ± 0.29 mm) was significantly reduced compared with specimens from the naproxen‐treated rats (1.88 ± 0.14 mm; p = 0.004). The results indicate that naproxen treatment reduced articular cartilage degradation in the rat DMM model during and after naproxen treatment.
Comparative proteomic analysis of three Lactobacillus plantarum strains under salt stress by iTRAQ
Authors: Luo Xue , Li Mo , Zhang Henan , Yan Danli , Ji Shuaiqi , Wu Rina , Chen Yongfu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDLactobacillus plantarum, a common species of lactic acid bacteria, is used to improve the flavor of traditional fermented food. Under salt stress, different strains of L. plantarum can respond differently. In this work, proteomics and bioinformatics analysis of L. plantarum strains (ATCC14917, FS5‐5, and 208) grown under salt stress (240 g L−1 sodium chloride (NaCl)) were investigated based on the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation method.RESULTSAlthough 171 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were observed, only 44, 57, and 112 DEPs were identified in the strains ATCC14917, FS5‐5, and 208 respectively. There were 33, 191, and 179 specific DEPs in ATCC14917 versus FS5‐5, in 208 versus FS5‐5, and in strain 208 versus ATCC14917 in 240 g L−1 NaCl. These DEPs indicate that the three strains, from pickles, fermented soybean paste, and fermented milk, may have different salt stress responses. Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that most DEPs observed were involved in protein biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and sugar metabolism. Twenty‐six significantly different DEPs that were possibly associated with salt response were selected and further analyzed for gene expression level and pattern by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Pyruvate kinase and cysteine desulfurase had similar expression patterns in all three strains; glutamate decarboxylase expression was upregulated in FS5‐5 and significantly upregulated in strain 208; RNA polymerase subunit alpha was downregulated in FS5‐5 but upregulated in strain 208.CONCLUSIONSThese results also showed that the salt stress response of strain 208 may involve higher numbers of genes than the other strains. This research provides a theoretical basis for improvement of salt tolerance of L. plantarum in industrial production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Integrating consumer perception in the selection of purple‐skin sweet potato cultivars
Authors: Lado Joanna , Vicente Esteban , Moltini Ana Inés , Alcaire Florencia , Ares Gastón 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSweet‐potato breeding programs need to integrate sensory characterization and hedonic perception to provide global markets with widely accepted products. The present work aimed to characterize a series of purple‐skin sweet potatoes differing in flesh coloration (from pale yellow to slight orange) from a sensory and physicochemical perspective. Uruguayan consumers' perceptions of the genotypes were also explored. Special focus was placed on the influence of flesh color on consumers' expectations and hedonic perception of purple‐skin sweet potatoes.RESULTSSensory characterization based on projective mapping showed that the evaluated genotypes largely differed in their sensory characteristics in terms of flavor, texture, and color. Soluble solids and the concentration of individual sugars were not good predictors of sensory quality. In the appearance evaluation, consumers associated orange flesh with positive expected sensory characteristics and stronger liking. Flavor (sweetness and typical flavor) and texture (creaminess) were identified as key characteristics influencing consumers' liking and description of sweet‐potato samples. Among purple‐skin (‘criollo or boniato’ type) genotypes, INIA Cambará was identified as the closest to the ideal sweet potato and was described with the terms sweet, tasty, creamy, and characteristic flavor.CONCLUSIONFlesh color was identified as a key driver of consumers' sensory and hedonic expectations. Results showed that Uruguayan consumers positively value traditional purple‐skin sweet potatoes with orange flesh, as it drives positive sensory expectations. However, after tasting, flesh color does not seem to have a relevant influence on consumer liking.
Development and evaluation of poly adenosine 5′‐diphosphate‐ribose polymerase 1 immobilization‐based receptor chromatography
Authors: Dou Jianwei , Zhu Zhongbo , Li Yan , Yang Shuo , Guo Zhanzi , Li Kangle , Ren Cuicui , Huang Linhong , He Jianyu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractYanghe decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription and has been used for breast cancer treatment for many years. However, the effective ingredients in the decoction have not been identified. The expression of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 is highly related to breast cancer. Using poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 as a probe, we expressed the haloalkane dehalogenase‐tagged protein in BL21(DE3) E. coli, immobilized it on hexachlorocaproic acid‐modified macroporous silica gel, and established a poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 chromatographic model. The feasibility of the model was verified by testing the retention behaviors of five drugs on the protein column. We applied the model in screening the bioactive components in yanghe decoction. Rutin, liquiritin, and a compound ([M‐H]– 681.7) were identified to be the potential bioactive ingredients. We studied the binding property between rutin and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 by injection amount dependent method, competitive studies, and molecular docking. We found that rutin can bind to the protein through the typical inhibitor binding site of the protein. Therefore, the chromatographic model is a useful tool to screen bioactive compounds from traditional Chinese medicine. The method is fast, reliable, and applicable to other functional proteins that can screen the potential lead compounds for the treatment of the related diseases.
Revisiting prostate cancer metabolism: From metabolites to disease and therapy
Authors: Cardoso Henrique J. , Carvalho Tiago M. A. , Fonseca Lara R. S. , Figueira Marília I. , Vaz Cátia V. , Socorro Sílvia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa), one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, still presents important unmet clinical needs concerning treatment. In the last years, the metabolic reprogramming and the specificities of tumor cells emerged as an exciting field for cancer therapy. The unique features of PCa cells metabolism, and the activation of specific metabolic pathways, propelled the use of metabolic inhibitors for treatment. The present work revises the knowledge of PCa metabolism and the metabolic alterations that underlie the development and progression of the disease. A focus is given to the role of bioenergetic sources, namely, glucose, lipids, and glutamine sustaining PCa cell survival and growth. Moreover, it is described as the action of oncogenes/tumor suppressors and sex steroid hormones in the metabolic reprogramming of PCa. Finally, the status of PCa treatment based on the inhibition of metabolic pathways is presented. Globally, this review updates the landscape of PCa metabolism, highlighting the critical metabolic alterations that could have a clinical and therapeutic interest.
No Effect of Dietary Fish Oil Supplementation on the Recruitment of Brown and Brite Adipocytes in Mice or Humans under Thermoneutral Conditions
Authors: Maurer Stefanie F. , Dieckmann Sebastian , Lund Jens , Fromme Tobias , Hess Anne Lundby , Colson Cécilia , Kjølbæk Louise , Astrup Arne , Gillum Matthew Paul , Larsen Lesli Hingstrup , Liebisch Gerhard , Amri Ez‐Zoubir , Klingenspor Martin 
Published: December 2020

ScopeBrown and brite adipocytes within the mammalian adipose organ provide non‐shivering thermogenesis and thus, have an exceptional capacity to dissipate chemical energy as heat. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the n3‐series, abundant in fish oil, have been repeatedly demonstrated to enhance the recruitment of thermogenic capacity in these cells, consequently affecting body adiposity and glucose tolerance. These effects are scrutinized in mice housed in a thermoneutral environment and in a human dietary intervention trial.Methods and resultsMice are housed in a thermoneutral environment eliminating the superimposing effect of mild cold‐exposure on thermogenic adipocyte recruitment. Dietary fish oil supplementation in two different inbred mouse strains neither affects body mass trajectory nor enhances the recruitment of brown and brite adipocytes, both in the presence and absence of a β3‐adrenoreceptor agonist imitating the effect of cold‐exposure on adipocytes. In line with these findings, dietary fish oil supplementation of persons with overweight or obesity fails to recruit thermogenic adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue.ConclusionThus, the authors' data question the hypothesized potential of n3‐PUFA as modulators of adipocyte‐based thermogenesis and energy balance regulation.
Low Maternal Dietary Intake of Choline Regulates Toll‐Like Receptor 4 Expression Via Histone H3K27me3 in Fetal Mouse Neural Progenitor Cells
Authors: Guan Xingying , Chen Xuedan , Dai Limeng , Ma Jiming , Zhang Qiming , Qu Song , Bai Yun , Wang Yanyan 
Published: December 2020

ScopeCholine is an essential nutrient and a primary dietary source of methyl groups that are vital for brain development. Low choline (LC) in the maternal diet during pregnancy alters neurogenesis in the fetal brain and leads to low cognitive performance. However, the key signaling pathways that are sensitive to maternal choline supply during neural progenitor cell (NPC) development and the epigenetic mechanisms by which choline availability regulates gene expression are unclear.Methods and resultsTimed‐pregnant Nestin‐CFPnuc transgenic mice are fed either a control diet or LC diet during E11–17. Gene expression changes in sorted E17 NPCs are identified by RNA sequencing. A maternal LC diet significantly increases Tlr4 transcription, causing premature neuronal differentiation and enhanced ethanol‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. No changes in DNA methylation at the Tlr4 gene promoter region are detected; however, a 70% decrease in H3K27me3 is observed in the LC‐treated NPCs. Inhibition of EZH2 decreases H3K27me3 levels and increases Tlr4 expression. Conversely, the application of catalytically inactive Cas9 with EZH2 to increase H3K27me3 at the Tlr4 promoter causes reduced Tlr4 expression.ConclusionThese data reveal an epigenetic mechanism for the effect of maternal choline availability on brain development, suggesting a likely intervention for neurodevelopmental diseases.
The Garlic Compound Z‐Ajoene, S‐Thiolates COX2 and STAT3 and Dampens the Inflammatory Response in RAW264.7 Macrophages
Authors: Hitchcock Jessica K. , Mkwanazi Nonkululeko , Barnett Christopher , Graham Lisa M. , Katz Arieh A. , Hunter Roger , Schäfer Georgia , Kaschula Catherine H. 
Published: December 2020

ScopeGarlic (Allium sativum) has been used for centuries as a prophylactic and therapeutic medicinal agent to control inflammation‐associated pathologies. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, an in vitro inflammatory model is established using RAW264.7 murine macrophages exposed to low‐doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of garlic compounds allicin and Z‐ajoene (ZA), mimicking regular garlic consumption.Methods and ResultsBoth allicin and Z‐ajoene dampen both transcript and protein expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL1β, IL6, and IL12β, and upregulate the expression of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL10. Protein arrays of selected secreted inflammatory mediators confirm that Z‐ajoene has a pronounced down‐regulatory effect on LPS‐induced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Many of these proteins are known targets of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3); and indeed, Z‐ajoene or its analogue dansyl‐ajoene is found to decrease phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3, and to covalently modify the protein by S‐thiolation at Cys108, Cys367, and Cys687. Z‐Ajoene dose‐dependently and non‐competitively inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), possibly attributed to S‐thiolation at Cys9 and Cys299.ConclusionThe characterization of Z‐ajoene's activity of targeting and covalently modifying STAT3 and COX2, both important regulators of inflammation, may contribute to the health benefits of regular dietary garlic consumption.
Nursing students' willingness to work in geriatric care: An integrative review
Authors: Dai Fengling , Liu Yao , Ju Mei , Yang Yufeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsThis integrative review aims to explore the willingness of nursing students to work in geriatric care over the past 10 years and to explore the factors influencing nursing students to work in geriatric care.DesignAn integrative review.MethodsStudies investigating nursing students’ willingness in gerontological nursing work and related influencing factors published in English in Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL between 2010–2020 were included. Data collected in April 2020.ResultsTwenty‐four studies were analysed. Most studies presented a contradictory or negative attitude about the willingness of nursing students to engage in gerontological nursing work. In most studies that rank the intention to work in nursing fields, gerontological care received the lowest or a relatively low ranking. The main factors affecting work related to gerontological nursing include prior experience caring for older adults, attitudes towards geriatrics, anxiety about ageing, clinical practice environment and living experience with older family members.
Decreased nesting behavior, selective increases in locomotor activity in a novel environment, and paradoxically increased open arm exploration in Neurogranin knockout mice
Authors: Nakajima Ryuichi , Hattori Satoko , Funasaka Teppei , Huang Freesia L. , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsNeurogranin (NRGN) is a postsynaptic protein kinase substrate that binds calmodulin in the absence of calcium. Recent studies suggest that NRGN is involved in neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, ADHD, and Alzheimer's disease. Previous behavioral studies of Nrgn knockout (Nrgn KO) mice identified hyperactivity, deficits in spatial learning, impaired sociability, and decreased prepulse inhibition, which suggest that these mice recapitulate some symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders. To further validate Nrgn KO mice as a model of neuropsychiatric disorders, we assessed multiple domains of behavioral phenotypes in Nrgn KO mice using a comprehensive behavioral test battery including tests of homecage locomotor activity and nesting behavior.MethodsAdult Nrgn KO mice (28‐54 weeks old) were subjected to a battery of comprehensive behavioral tests, which examined general health, nesting behavior, neurological characteristics, motor function, pain sensitivity, locomotor activity, anxiety‐like behavior, social behavior, sensorimotor gating, depression‐like behavior, and working memory.ResultsThe Nrgn KO mice displayed a pronounced decrease in nesting behavior, impaired motor function, and elevated pain sensitivity. While the Nrgn KO mice showed increased locomotor activity in the open field test, these mice did not show hyperactivity in a familiar environment as measured in the homecage locomotor activity test. The Nrgn KO mice exhibited a decreased number of transitions in the light‐dark transition test and decreased stay time in the center of the open field test, which is consistent with previous reports of increased anxiety‐like behavior. Interestingly, however, these mice stayed on open arms significantly longer than wild‐type mice in the elevated plus maze. Consistent with previous studies, the mutant mice exhibited decreased prepulse inhibition, impaired working memory, and decreased sociability.ConclusionsIn the current study, we identified behavioral phenotypes of Nrgn KO mice that mimic some of the typical symptoms of neuropsychiatric diseases, including impaired executive function, motor dysfunction, and altered anxiety. Most behavioral phenotypes that had been previously identified, such as hyperlocomotor activity, impaired sociability, tendency for working memory deficiency, and altered sensorimotor gating, were reproduced in the present study. Collectively, the behavioral phenotypes of Nrgn KO mice detected in the present study indicate that Nrgn KO mice are a valuable animal model that recapitulates a variety of symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, ADHD, and Alzheimer's disease.