bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency imaging in paediatric oncology: a pictorial review
Authors: Gaunt Trevor , D’Arco Felice , Smets Anne M. , McHugh Kieran , Shelmerdine Susan C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite the decline in mortality rates over the last 20 years, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in children worldwide. Early recognition and treatment for acute oncological emergencies are vital in preventing mortality and poor outcomes, such as irreversible end-organ damage and a compromised quality of life.Imaging plays a pivotal and adjunctive role to clinical examination, and a high level of interpretative acumen by the radiologist can make the difference between life and death. In contrast to adults, the most accessible cross-sectional imaging tool in children typically involves ultrasound. The excellent soft tissue differentiation allows for careful delineation of malignant masses and along with colour Doppler imaging, thromboses and large haematomas can be easily identified. Neurological imaging, particularly in older children is an exception. Here, computed tomography (CT) is required for acute intracranial pathologies, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) providing more definitive results later.This review is divided into a ‘body systems’ format covering a range of pathologies including neurological complications (brainstem herniation, hydrocephalus, spinal cord compression), thoracic complications (airway obstruction, superior vena cava syndrome, cardiac tamponade), intra-abdominal complications (bowel obstruction and perforation, hydronephrosis, abdominal compartment syndrome) and haematological-related emergencies (thrombosis, infection, massive haemorrhage). Within each subsection, we highlight pertinent clinical and imaging considerations.The overall objective of this pictorial review is to illustrate how primary childhood malignancies may present with life-threatening complications, and emphasise the need for imminent patient management.
Intruding implements: a pictorial review of retained surgical foreign objects in neuroradiology
Authors: D’Amico Alessandra , Perillo Teresa , Ugga Lorenzo , Cuocolo Renato , Brunetti Arturo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntra-cranial and spinal foreign body reactions represent potential complications of medical procedures. Their diagnosis may be challenging as they frequently show an insidious clinical presentation and can mimic other life-threatening conditions. Their pathophysiological mechanism is represented by a local inflammatory response due to retained or migrated surgical elements. Cranial interventions may be responsible for the presence of retained foreign objects represented by surgical materials (such as sponges, bone wax, and Teflon). Spinal diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, including myelography, chordotomy, vertebroplasty, and device implantation, are another potential source of foreign bodies. These reactions can also follow material migration or embolization, for example in the case of Lipiodol, Teflon, and cement vertebroplasty. Imaging exams, especially CT and MRI, have a central role in the differential diagnosis of these conditions together with patient history. Neuroradiological findings are dependent on the type of material that has been left in or migrated from the surgical area. Knowledge of these entities is relevant for clinical practice as the correct identification of foreign bodies and related inflammatory reactions, material embolisms, or migrations can be difficult. This pictorial review reports neuroradiological semeiotics and differential diagnosis of foreign body-related imaging abnormalities in the brain and spine.
Extracellular matrix derived from human urine-derived stem cells enhances the expansion, adhesion, spreading, and differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Xiong Xue , Yang Xiao , Dai Hongwei , Feng Gang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhou Jianping , Zhou Wenwen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are one of the most promising types of seed cells in periodontal tissue regeneration. Suitable biomaterials are additional essential components that must cooperate with seed cells for in vivo expansion or in vitro implantation. Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was recently reported to be a promising substrate with which to culture MSCs that could be applied in biomaterial scaffolds or bioink. Human urine-derived stem cells (hUSCs) have several advantages; their collection is non-invasive and easy, and hUSCs are low in cost, potentially making them a suitable and efficient source of ECM. The purpose of this study was to characterize the biological properties of ECM derived from hUSCs (UECM) and evaluate the effects of UECM on hPDLSCs.

Methods
hPDLSCs grown on ECM derived from hPDLSCs (PECM) and fibronectin-coated tissue culture plastic (TCP) served as control groups. Both hUSCs and hPDLSCs were seeded on TCP and stimulated to produce ECM. After 8 days of stimulation, the samples were decellularized, leaving only ECM. Then, hPDLSCs were seeded onto UECM-, PECM-, and fibronectin-coated TCP and untreated TCP.

Results
UECM consists of dense bundles of fibers which contain abundant fibronectin. Both UECM and PECM promoted hPDLSC proliferation, attachment, spreading, and differentiation. Between UECM and PECM, UECM enhanced proliferation, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis to a greater extent. Though fibronectin appeared to be the abundant component of UECM, its performance was inferior to that of UECM.

Conclusions
Our study provides an original perspective on different cell-specific ECMs and suggests UECM as a suitable biomaterial in which to culture hPDLSCs as UECM enhances their biological functions.
Sex differences in the ability of corticostriatal oscillations to predict rodent alcohol consumption
Authors: Henricks Angela M. , Sullivan Emily D. K. , Dwiel Lucas L. , Keus Karina M. , Adner Ethan D. , Green Alan I. , Doucette Wilder T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough male and female rats differ in their patterns of alcohol use, little is known regarding the neural circuit activity that underlies these differences in behavior. The current study used a machine learning approach to characterize sex differences in local field potential (LFP) oscillations that may relate to sex differences in alcohol-drinking behavior.MethodsLFP oscillations were recorded from the nucleus accumbens shell and the rodent medial prefrontal cortex of adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Recordings occurred before rats were exposed to alcohol (n = 10/sex × 2 recordings/rat) and during sessions of limited access to alcohol (n = 5/sex × 5 recordings/rat). Oscillations were also recorded from each female rat in each phase of estrous prior to alcohol exposure. Using machine learning, we built predictive models with oscillation data to classify rats based on: (1) biological sex, (2) phase of estrous, and (3) alcohol intake levels. We evaluated model performance from real data by comparing it to the performance of models built and tested on permutations of the data.ResultsOur data demonstrate that corticostriatal oscillations were able to predict alcohol intake levels in males (p < 0.01), but not in females (p = 0.45). The accuracies of models predicting biological sex and phase of estrous were related to fluctuations observed in alcohol drinking levels; females in diestrus drank more alcohol than males (p = 0.052), and the male vs. diestrus female model had the highest accuracy (71.01%) compared to chance estimates. Conversely, females in estrus drank very similar amounts of alcohol to males (p = 0.702), and the male vs. estrus female model had the lowest accuracy (56.14%) compared to chance estimates.ConclusionsThe current data demonstrate that oscillations recorded from corticostriatal circuits contain significant information regarding alcohol drinking in males, but not alcohol drinking in females. Future work will focus on identifying where to record LFP oscillations in order to predict alcohol drinking in females, which may help elucidate sex-specific neural targets for future therapeutic development.
Nature conservation as a driver in wind energy scenarios
Authors: Gauglitz Philip , Schicketanz Sven , Pape Carsten 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Germany has set ambitious goals for the reduction of greenhouse gases. The decarbonisation of the energy system has been in focus. An important means to achieve this is the increased utilisation of wind energy. The growth of wind power entails changes not only in the electrical system but also in the landscape and environment. Prospectively, scenarios will have to consider a wide range of aspects, not only economics and technology but also nature conservation and social affairs. The authors are participating in the research study “Szenarien für den Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien aus Naturschutzsicht”, funded by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, which examines the possibilities of integrating nature conservation into the development of scenarios.

Methods
For aspects of nature conservation to be taken into account in scenario development, a multi-stage methodology has been developed to assess the conflict risk of wind energy and nature conservation throughout Germany. To ensure comparability of the scenarios, all of them are based on the same general framework consisting of fixed excluded areas, the same method of detail allocation and the same overall expected energy output. The “nature conservation” driver is integrated in the form of a nationwide comparative assessment of risk levels. The mapping of spatially differentiated risk levels for wind energy has been achieved in a GIS-based and discursive process.

Results
The results show that nature conservation can be addressed properly in scenario-building. Here, the method of multi-criterion scenario-building itself, with its focus on including nature conservation as one of several drivers determining the spatial distribution of wind turbines, is a major result. The authors have developed specific scenarios that mainly address questions of landscape and nature conservation. Out of the four generic scenarios presented for the year 2035, two have nature conservation as their main driver, whereas the other two consider energy-economic drivers only. Examining these scenarios provides insight into the influence of each driver. For example, adding nature conservation as the main driver (highest priority) reduces the specific conflict risk by 26.1%, while at the same time only a relatively small increase in wind turbines is required (+12.5% in numbers, +2.3% in installed power capacity).

Conclusion
The methods developed here provide a driver for allocating wind power plants to reduce conflicts in high-risk areas. Furthermore, using the same spatial distribution of risk levels makes it possible to subsequently rate the scenarios from a conservation perspective. The method developed here provides the means to analyse trade-offs between relevant drivers. The “nature conservation” scenarios show a relatively small additional demand for wind turbines but a greater amount of avoided conflict risk.
Boron neutron capture therapy: moving towards targeted therapy for locally recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sun Ying 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Locally recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is often unresectable, and a repeat course of radiotherapy is associated with incremental toxicities. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a novel targeted radiotherapy modality that can achieve a high dose gradient between cancerous and adjacent normal tissues. However, the relationships among the dose resulting from BNCT, tumor response to BNCT, and survival are not completely understood. Recently, a study published in Radiotherapy and Oncology investigated the efficacy of BNCT in the treatment of patients with locally recurrent HNSCC and the factors associated with favorable treatment response and survival. In this article, the findings, strengths and limitations of this study are discussed in depth, and the significance of the study and motivations for future research are highlighted.
A bibliometric analysis of human strongyloidiasis research (1968 to 2017)
Authors: Sweileh Waleed M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundStrongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD). It is commonly associated with poverty and poor hygiene. Strongyloidiasis poses an unseen global public health problem. The aim of this study was to assess and analyze peer-reviewed literature on human strongyloidiasis to shed light on the evolution, volume, important topics, and key players in the field of human strongyloidiasis.MethodsA validated bibliometric method was implemented using Scopus database for the study period from 1968 to 2017. The search strategy was developed based on keywords related to strongyloidiasis. Bibliometric indicators and visualization maps were presented.ResultsIn total, 1947 documents were found. Retrieved documents received 32,382 citations, an average of approximately 16.6 per document, and anh-index of 76. The most frequently encountered keywords in the retrieved literature focused on hyperinfection, diagnosis, prevalence, and ivermectin. The USA led with 540 (27.7%) documents followed by Brazil (139; 7.1%) and Japan (137; 7.0%). When research output was standardized by income and population size, India ranked first (12.4 documents per GDP/capita) followed by the USA (9.1 documents per GDP/capita). The most active journal involved in publishing articles was theAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene(95; 4.8%). In terms of institutions, theUniversity of Ryukyus(Japan) was the most active with 62 (3.2%) publications, followed by theUniversity of Pennsylvaniawith 54 (2.8%) publications.ConclusionThe volume, growth, and international research collaboration in human strongyloidiasis were inadequate given the long history of the disease, the large number of affected people, and the results obtained for other NTDs. Research in human strongyloidiasis needs to be strengthened and encouraged in endemic regions in Southeast Asia and Latin America. International research networking needs to be established to achieve the goals of Sustainable Development Goals in fighting and eradicating NTDs by 2030.
Increased pore size of scaffolds improves coating efficiency with sulfated hyaluronan and mineralization capacity of osteoblasts
Authors: Krieghoff Jan , Picke Ann-Kristin , Salbach-Hirsch Juliane , Rother Sandra , Heinemann Christiane , Bernhardt Ricardo , Kascholke Christian , Möller Stephanie , Rauner Martina , Schnabelrauch Matthias , Hintze Vera , Scharnweber Dieter , Schulz-Siegmund Michaela , Hacker Michael C. , Hofbauer Lorenz C. , Hofbauer Christine 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Delayed bone regeneration of fractures in osteoporosis patients or of critical-size bone defects after tumor resection are a major medical and socio-economic challenge. Therefore, the development of more effective and osteoinductive biomaterials is crucial.

Methods

We examined the osteogenic potential of macroporous scaffolds with varying pore sizes after biofunctionalization with a collagen/high-sulfated hyaluronan (sHA3) coating in vitro
.
The three-dimensional scaffolds were made up from a biodegradable three-armed lactic acid-based macromer (TriLA) by cross-polymerization. Templating with solid lipid particles that melt during fabrication generates a continuous pore network. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) cultivated on the functionalized scaffolds in vitro were investigated for cell viability, production of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone matrix formation. Statistical analysis was performed using student’s t-test or two-way ANOVA.

Results
We succeeded in generating scaffolds that feature a significantly higher average pore size and a broader distribution of individual pore sizes (HiPo) by modifying composition and relative amount of lipid particles, macromer concentration and temperature for cross-polymerization during scaffold fabrication. Overall porosity was retained, while the scaffolds showed a 25% decrease in compressive modulus compared to the initial TriLA scaffolds with a lower pore size (LoPo). These HiPo scaffolds were more readily coated as shown by higher amounts of immobilized collagen (+ 44%) and sHA3 (+ 25%) compared to LoPo scaffolds. In vitro, culture of hMSCs on collagen and/or sHA3-coated HiPo scaffolds demonstrated unaltered cell viability. Furthermore, the production of ALP, an early marker of osteogenesis (+ 3-fold), and formation of new bone matrix (+ 2.5-fold) was enhanced by the functionalization with sHA3 of both scaffold types. Nevertheless, effects were more pronounced on HiPo scaffolds about 112%.

Conclusion
In summary, we showed that the improvement of scaffold pore sizes enhanced the coating efficiency with collagen and sHA3, which had a significant positive effect on bone formation markers, underlining the promise of using this material approach for in vivo studies.
Context or culture: what is the difference?
Authors: Savard Isabelle , Mizoguchi Riichiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLiterature can sometimes tend to present context and culture almost as synonyms. This creates ambiguity, which can complicate the consideration of contextual and cultural variables in instructional design, learning, and teaching. From an ontological point of view, some clarification of these two concepts is essential as each may influence learning and teaching in different ways. Moreover, since context and culture are interconnected to a certain degree, one may influence the other. It is crucial to make a clear distinction between these two concepts in the knowledge models used in intelligent tutoring systems and distance education systems if we want to facilitate (1) their consideration in pedagogical scenarios, and (2) the accumulation of knowledge about different contexts and cultures. This article offers an interpretation of the difference between these two concepts, presenting context as a substrate of culture. Contextual issues in the learning ecology are also discussed, based on this distinction.
Cerebral hemodynamics among non-diabetic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Behairy Maha Abdelmoneim , ElSadek Ahmed , Sadek Mahmoud , El Shaarawy Abdelbassit 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Cerebrovascular accidents and cognitive impairment is a frequent complication of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on regular hemodialysis (HD).

Objective
To evaluate cerebral circulation hemodynamics in non-diabetic prevalent hemodialysis patients by transcranial Doppler (TCD).

Patients and methods
The cross-sectional study included 50 ESRD patients on regular hemodialysis > 6 months in Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. Diabetic patients; chronic liver disease patients Child-Pugh class B or C; smokers; history of evident of cardiac, peripheral, or cerebrovascular insult; uncontrolled hypertension; anemia; collagen disease; and active infection were excluded from the study. An assessment of cerebral circulation hemodynamics by TCD in non-dialysis day to examine mean flow velocity (MFV) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA).

Results
An assessment of cerebral circulation hemodynamics revealed that 16 (32%) of the patients showed decrease MFV in MCA and 30 (60%) were normal. Regarding MFVs in PCA, 13 (26%) of the patients showed decrease MFVs, 33 (66%) were normal, and 4 (8%) of the patients failed due to poor bone window, significant reduction of MCV and PCA velocities in HD with urea reduction ratio < 65%, and a significantly negative correlation of MFV, PCA, and hemoglobin level (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
There is a high frequency rate of decreased MCA and PCA MFV (32%, 28%), respectively, among non-diabetic prevalent hemodialysis patients with significant correlation to hemodialysis adequacy.
Hydatid cyst of the lumbar plexus: case report with review of literature
Authors: Mohammed Ayad Ahmad , Aldohuky Wan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Hydatid disease is widely distributed worldwide; it is caused by a parasite belonging to the Echinococcus species. It mostly affects the liver and the lungs, involvement of the spinal canal is reported to be around 0.2%, but affection of the peripheral nerves is extremely rare.

Case presentation
A 42-year-old lady was complaining from left loin pain and backache, with pain in the outer aspect of the left thigh for the last 5 years. During clinical examination, the ankle and the knee reflexes were normal and there was no muscle wasting. There was hyperesthesia on the outer aspect of the left leg.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the back demonstrated a cystic lesion between the 4th and the 5th lumbar vertebrae which was pushing the psoas muscle anteriorly and causing atrophy of the muscle. The patient received anthelminthic medications for 1 month before surgery with little improvement of the clinical and the radiological condition.
During surgery the cyst was found to arise from the lumbar nerve sheath and was apparent to be hydatid cyst because it was containing small daughter cysts. Isolation of the cyst was done and complete evacuation with deroofing of the cyst was done. The cavity of the cyst was irrigated with a solution of chlorhexidine as a scolicidal agent. The patient was discharged home after 3 days with no post-operative complications, anthelminthic medications prescribed for 3 months.

Conclusion
The treatment options vary depending on the region affected by the cyst; it may be treated by complete cyst excision, evacuation, and deroofing. Preventing spillage of the contents of the cyst during surgery and the use of scolicidal agents are mandatory to decrease the rate of recurrence. It is very important to exclude other organ involvement particularly pulmonary involvement before surgery.
Investigation of the effect of coffee on body weight, serum glucose, uric acid and lipid profile levels in male albino Wistar rats feeding on high-fructose diet
Authors: Feyisa Teka Obsa , Melka Daniel Seifu , Menon Menakath , Labisso Wajana Lako , Habte Mezgebu Legesse 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCoffee is one of the most commonly consumed beverages in the worldwide and is assumed to have protective effects against metabolic syndrome. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of coffee on body weight, serum glucose, uric acid and lipid profile levels in male albino Wistar rats feeding on high fructose diet. A post-test experimental study was conducted on a total of 30 (9–10 weeks old) male albino Wistar rats. The rats were divided into 6 groups: group I (normal control)-fed on standard chow and plain tap water only; group II (fructose control)-fed on standard chow and 20% of fructose solution; group III–VI (treatment groups)-fed on standard chow, 20% of fructose solution and treated with 71, 142, 213 and 284 mg/kg body weight/day of coffee respectively for six weeks. At the end, body weight, serum glucose, uric acid and lipid profile levels were investigated. Data was entered and cleared by epi-data software version 3.1 and analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc multiple comparison tests using SPSS V. 23.00. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. The results showed that body weight, fasting serum glucose and uric acid levels significantly lowered in rats treated with 213 (p = 0.047; 0.049; 0.026) and 284 (p = 0.035; 0.029; 0.010) mg/kg body weight/day of coffee compared to fructose control group. Fasting serum triglycide (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels showed significant reduction in rats treated with 284 mg/kg body weight/day of coffee as compared to fructose control group (p = 0.031; 0.046) respectively. In conclusion, treating rats with coffee decreased body weight, fasting serum glucose, uric acid, TC, TG and LDL-C, and increased HDL-C in a dose dependent manner in rats feeding on high fructose diet, suggesting that coffee consumption may be helpful in ameliorating metabolic syndrome.