bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soluble and film‐formable homopolymer tethering side‐opened cage silsesquioxane pendants
Authors: Sato Yuri , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCage silsesquioxane, denoted as polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) has high crystallinity to readily cause aggregation when it is induced into polymer side chain. In this work, side‐opened POSS was employed to construct a bifunctional monomer for cyclopolymerization. The collapsed symmetry of the POSS core effectively reduced the crystallinity to realize homogeneous films, while a traditional POSS homopolymer formed turbid and brittle films. The obtained film showed high transparency and thermal stability.
Alveolar wars: The rise of in vitro models to understand human lung alveolar maintenance, regeneration, and disease
Authors: Evans Kelly V. , Lee Joo-Hyeon 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia injure the gas-exchanging alveoli of the human lung. Animal studies have indicated that dysregulation of alveolar cells, including alveolar type II stem/progenitor cells, is implicated in disease pathogenesis. Due to mouse-human differences, there has been a desperate need to develop human-relevant lung models that can more closely recapitulate the human lung during homeostasis, injury repair, and disease. Here we discuss how current single-cell RNA sequencing studies have increased knowledge of the cellular and molecular composition of human lung alveoli, including the identification of molecular heterogeneity, cellular diversity, and previously unknown cell types, some of which arise specifically during disease. For functional analysis of alveolar cells, in vitro human alveolar organoids established from human pluripotent stem cells, embryonic progenitors, and adult tissue from both healthy and diseased lungs have modeled aspects of the cellular and molecular features of alveolar epithelium. Drawbacks of such systems are highlighted, along with possible solutions. Organoid-on-a-chip and ex vivo systems including precision-cut lung slices can complement organoid studies by providing further cellular and structural complexity of lung tissues, and have been shown to be invaluable models of human lung disease, while the production of acellular and synthetic scaffolds hold promise in lung transplant efforts. Further improvements to such systems will increase understanding of the underlying biology of human alveolar stem/progenitor cells, and could lead to future therapeutic or pharmacological intervention in patients suffering from end-stage lung diseases.

Significance statement Over the last decade, stem cell-derived culture model systems of human lungs have garnered renewed interest, as they recapitulate human lung tissues in a dish. This study summarizes the current concepts and advances in the field of human distal lung alveoli, which is the most critical region for the respiratory function and disease, and thereby has been moving forward so rapidly. Specifically, this study compares the differences in cellular compositions of distal lungs between mouse and human and discusses the current model systems to study maintenance, regeneration, and disease of human lung alveoli, which is difficult to model in animal studies.
Climate change projections of temperature and precipitation in Chile based on statistical downscaling
Authors: Araya-Osses Daniela , Casanueva Ana , Román-Figueroa Celián , Uribe Juan Manuel , Paneque Manuel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGeneral circulation models (GCMs) allow the analysis of potential changes in the climate system under different emissions scenarios. However, their spatial resolution is too coarse to produce useful climate information for impact/adaptation assessments. This is especially relevant for regions with complex orography and coastlines, such as in Chile. Downscaling techniques attempt to reduce the gap between global and regional/local scales; for instance, statistical downscaling methods establish empirical relationships between large-scale predictors and local predictands. Here, statistical downscaling was employed to generate climate change projections of daily maximum/minimum temperatures and precipitation in more than 400 locations in Chile using the analog method, which identifies the most similar or analog day based on similarities of large-scale patterns from a pool of historical records. A cross-validation framework was applied using different sets of potential predictors from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis following the perfect prognosis approach. The best-performing set was used to downscale six different CMIP5 GCMs (forced by three representative concentration pathways, RCPs). As a result, minimum and maximum temperatures are projected to increase in the entire Chilean territory throughout all seasons. Specifically, the minimum (maximum) temperature is projected to increase by more than 2 °C (6 °C) under the RCP8.5 scenario in the austral winter by the end of the twenty-first century. Precipitation changes exhibit a larger spatial variability. By the end of the twenty-first century, a winter precipitation decrease exceeding 40% is projected under RCP8.5 in the central-southern zone, while an increase of over 60% is projected in the northern Andes.
Zufriedenheit in der Partnerschaft und Untreue: Ein Zusammenhang, zwei Richtungen
Authors: Bozoyan Christiane , Schmiedeberg Claudia 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungWie hängen untreues Verhalten in einer Beziehung und die Zufriedenheit mit der Partnerschaft zusammen? Plausibel erscheint zunächst der Einfluss der Beziehungsqualität auf das Treueverhalten: Je unzufriedener ein Partner in einer Beziehung ist, desto eher sucht er oder sie Außenbeziehungen. Dies schließt jedoch nicht aus, dass sich die Partnerschaftsqualität oder deren Einschätzung nach der Untreueepisode aus Perspektive des Täters oder der Täterin ebenfalls verändern kann, z. B. aufgrund von durch die Untreue ausgelösten Konflikten und Ehekrisen oder um Gefühle kognitiver Dissonanz zu reduzieren. Anhand von Fixed-effects-Modellen auf Basis der Daten des Beziehungs- und Familienpanelspairfamüber den Beobachtungszeitraum 2008 bis 2016 untersuchen wir beide möglichen Wirkrichtungen im Längsschnitt mit 1‑ und 2‑jährigem Abstand zwischen den Messzeitpunkten. Es zeigt sich, dass Wechselwirkungen zwischen den beiden Faktoren bestehen, wobei die Auswirkungen von Untreue auf die Beziehungszufriedenheit bei Frauen größer sind als bei Männern. Während der Zusammenhang von Beziehungszufriedenheit und Untreuerisiko eher gering ist, zeigt sich, dass das Risiko fremdzugehen deutlich ansteigt, wenn die Langzeitorientierung in der Beziehung sinkt.
The Effect of Democratically Determined (In)equality on Cooperative Behavior
Authors: Schlösser Thomas , Steiniger Tim , Ehlebracht Daniel , Fetchenhauer Detlef 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between democratically determined economic inequality and cooperation in a two-stage experimental design. Although the relationship between inequality and cooperation has been studied extensively, experimental results in this area are contradictory and find inequality to have either a positive, negative, or no effect on cooperation. Our participants were randomly assigned to one of three societal classes (upper class, middle class, lower class) in a simulated small-scale society, and they subsequently voted to implement a societal system in which wealth was distributed either relatively equally or relatively unequally. We found lower levels of cooperation (measured as the invested amount in a public-good game) among societies that previously opted for the unequal distribution, but did not observe a general effect of a participant’s personal vote on cooperative behavior. Instead, middle-class and lower-class participants in unequal societies cooperated less than their counterparts in the equal societies, causing the observed differences on the societal level. These findings suggest that democratically induced policies that ultimately lead to greater equality of wealth are potentially able to have positive consequences on the readiness to cooperate on the production of public goods.
Structural Compatibility of Infrastructures Utilizing Alternative Earth Construction Materials
Authors: Kolisoja Pauli , Kalliainen Antti 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper presents analysis of the structural behavior of road pavements in which alternative construction materials are replacing the traditional ones in some of the structural layers. The analysis is consider important since from the structural performance point of view many of the alternative materials have mechanical properties far different from those of the traditional road construction materials, especially unbound aggregates, and as a consequence of that, the empirically calibrated design rules applied and adjusted for the normally utilized pavements solutions are not valid any more. The analysis is exemplified by means of four different low volume road pavement structures that are in line with the existing design guidelines in Finland. The mechanical behavior of these structures is analyzed using three different approaches: semi-empirical Oedemark design approach, multi-layer linear elastic analysis and finite element analysis. The obtained calculation results indicate clearly that if a low volume road structure containing a high stiffness layer made e.g. of stabilized fly ash is resting on soft subgrade soil, tensile stresses up to 1 MPa may be developed. Therefore, the performance and respective distress mechanisms of the structure are likely to be very different from those of a traditional solution. As a key conclusion from the analysis, need for a new concept, structural compatibility, was identified. It would help in drawing due attention to the mechanical behavior of alternative materials when they are used in replacing the traditional ones in road structures exposed to repeated heavy traffic loads.

Graphic Abstract
The mechanisms of decision-making when applying geometallurgical approach to the mining industry
Authors: Lishchuk Viktor , Pettersson Maria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is believed that most of the production problems in modern mining industry could be solved solely by applying technical tools such as better machinery, more accurate models or more advanced technology. Geometallurgy was initially introduced as a tool aimed to improve production performance by integrating geological and process information into a predictive model. However, the actual benefits of geometallurgy cannot be achieved without considering actors involved and strategic decisions made by the management in addition. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a framework of decision-making in which technical and managerial aspects of the geometallurgy are fully integrated. This framework is aimed to be used for improving predictability of the geometallurgical programmes.
Health impacts of extreme events
Authors: Javadinejad Safieh , Dara Rebwar , Jafary Forough 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUrbanization and urban development, along with the acceleration of population growth, the development of industrial activities or the consumption of fossil fuels has greatly increased the air pollution, with the consequences of it being, in the first place, a variety of diseases and respiratory illnesses, exacerbations of cardiovascular, pulmonary, skin diseases, etc. The inhabitants of cities are noticed. On the other hand, climatic parameters such as humidity, sunshine hours, temperature, and pressure and the amount of solar radiation increases the amount of pollutants in the atmosphere and increases the coefficient of their effect on humans and natural ecosystems. Therefore, by altering the composition of effective gases in the life of the earth’s organisms and disturbing their balance, humans injure themselves and the environment, causing wide variations in the climate patterns of the earth, and on the other hand their health and well-being put at risk. In this paper, the relationship between climatic elements with the various diseases in Khoozestan province has been investigated (suspended PM). For this purpose, after the data collection, statistical calculations were carried out and the results were presented as tables and charts and the relationship between one variables with patients were examined. The results show that there is a significant and strong correlation between climatic elements such as temperature, precipitation with several disease.
Nonlinear polaritons in a monolayer semiconductor coupled to optical bound states in the continuum
Authors: Kravtsov Vasily , Khestanova Ekaterina , Benimetskiy Fedor A. , Ivanova Tatiana , Samusev Anton K. , Sinev Ivan S. , Pidgayko Dmitry , Mozharov Alexey M. , Mukhin Ivan S. , Lozhkin Maksim S. , Kapitonov Yuri V. , Brichkin Andrey S. , Kulakovskii Vladimir D. , Shelykh Ivan A. , Tartakovskii Alexander I. , Walker Paul M. , Skolnick Maurice S. , Krizhanovskii Dmitry N. , Iorsh Ivan V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOptical bound states in the continuum (BICs) provide a way to engineer very narrow resonances in photonic crystals. The extended interaction time in these systems is particularly promising for the enhancement of nonlinear optical processes and the development of the next generation of active optical devices. However, the achievable interaction strength is limited by the purely photonic character of optical BICs. Here, we mix the optical BIC in a photonic crystal slab with excitons in the atomically thin semiconductor MoSe2 to form nonlinear exciton-polaritons with a Rabi splitting of 27 meV, exhibiting large interaction-induced spectral blueshifts. The asymptotic BIC-like suppression of polariton radiation into the far field toward the BIC wavevector, in combination with effective reduction of the excitonic disorder through motional narrowing, results in small polariton linewidths below 3 meV. Together with a strongly wavevector-dependent Q-factor, this provides for the enhancement and control of polariton–polariton interactions and the resulting nonlinear optical effects, paving the way toward tuneable BIC-based polaritonic devices for sensing, lasing, and nonlinear optics.
Confidence controls perceptual evidence accumulation
Authors: Balsdon Tarryn , Wyart Valentin , Mamassian Pascal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPerceptual decisions are accompanied by feelings of confidence that reflect the likelihood that the decision was correct. Here we aim to clarify the relationship between perception and confidence by studying the same perceptual task across three different confidence contexts. Human observers were asked to categorize the source of sequentially presented visual stimuli. Each additional stimulus provided evidence for making more accurate perceptual decisions, and better confidence judgements. We show that observers’ ability to set appropriate evidence accumulation bounds for perceptual decisions is strongly predictive of their ability to make accurate confidence judgements. When observers were not permitted to control their exposure to evidence, they imposed covert bounds on their perceptual decisions but not on their confidence decisions. This partial dissociation between decision processes is reflected in behaviour and pupil dilation. Together, these findings suggest a confidence-regulated accumulation-to-bound process that controls perceptual decision-making even in the absence of explicit speed-accuracy trade-offs.
Domain-wall pinning and defect ordering in BiFeO3 probed on the atomic and nanoscale
Authors: Bencan Andreja , Drazic Goran , Ursic Hana , Makarovic Maja , Komelj Matej , Rojac Tadej 
Published: April 2020

AbstractElectro-mechanical interactions between charged point defects and domain walls play a key role in the functional properties of bulk and thin-film ferroelectrics. While for perovskites the macroscopic implications of the ordering degree of defects on domain-wall pinning have been reported, atomistic details of these mechanisms remain unclear. Here, based on atomic and nanoscale analyses, we propose a pinning mechanism associated with conductive domain walls in BiFeO3, whose origin lies in the dynamic coupling of the p-type defects gathered in the domain-wall regions with domain-wall displacements under applied electric field. Moreover, we confirm that the degree of defect ordering at the walls, which affect the domain-wall conductivity, can be tuned by the cooling rate used during the annealing, allowing us to determine how this ordering affects the atomic structure of the walls. The results are useful in the design of the domain-wall architecture and dynamics for emerging nanoelectronic and bulk applications.
Metal chloride perovskite thin film based interfacial layer for shielding lithium metal from liquid electrolyte
Authors: Yin Yi-Chen , Wang Qian , Yang Jing-Tian , Li Feng , Zhang Guozhen , Jiang Chen-Hui , Mo Hong-Sheng , Yao Ji-Song , Wang Kun-Hua , Zhou Fei , Ju Huan-Xin , Yao Hong-Bin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFabricating a robust interfacial layer on the lithium metal anode to isolate it from liquid electrolyte is vital to restrain the rapid degradation of a lithium metal battery. Here, we report that the solution-processed metal chloride perovskite thin film can be coated onto the lithium metal surface as a robust interfacial layer to shield the lithium metal from liquid electrolyte. Via phase analysis and density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate that the perovskite layer can allow fast lithium ion shuttle under a low energy barrier of 0.45 eV without the collapse of framework. Such perovskite modification can realize stable cycling of LiCoO2|Li cells with an areal capacity of 2.8 mAh cm−2 using thin lithium metal foil (50 μm) and limited electrolyte (20 μl mAh−1) for over 100 cycles at 0.5 C. The metal chloride perovskite protection strategy could open a promising avenue for advanced lithium metal batteries.
Unique Cancer Migratory Behaviors in Confined Spaces of Microgroove Topography with Acute Wall Angles
Authors: Yaginuma Tomohiro , Kushiro Keiichiro , Takai Madoka 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn recent years, many types of micro-engineered platform have been fabricated to investigate the influences of surrounding microenvironments on cell migration. Previous researches demonstrated that microgroove-based topographies can influence cell motilities of normal and cancerous cells differently. In this study, the microgroove wall angle was altered from obtuse to acute angles and the resulting differences in the responses of normal and cancer cells were investigated to explore the geometrical characteristics that can efficiently distinguish normal and cancer cells. Interestingly, different trends in cell motilities of normal and cancer cells were observed as the wall angles were varied between 60–120°, and in particular, invasive cancer cells exhibited a unique, oscillatory migratory behavior. Results from the immunostaining of cell mechanotransduction components suggested that this difference stemmed from directional extensions and adhesion behaviors of each cell type. In addition, the specific behaviors of invasive cancer cells were found to be dependent on the myosin II activity, and modulating the activity could revert cancerous behaviors to normal ones. These novel findings on the interactions of acute angle walls and cancer cell migration provide a new perspective on cancer metastasis and additional strategies via microstructure geometries for the manipulations of cell behaviors in microscale biodevices.
Differential kinase activity of ACVR1 G328V and R206H mutations with implications to possible TβRI cross-talk in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: Cao Hongnan , Jin Miao , Gao Mu , Zhou Hongyi , Tao Yizhi Jane , Skolnick Jeffrey 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDiffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a lethal pediatric brain cancer whose median survival time is under one year. The possible roles of the two most common DIPG associated cytoplasmic ACVR1 receptor kinase domain mutants, G328V and R206H, are reexamined in the context of new biochemical results regarding their intrinsic relative ATPase activities. At 37 °C, the G328V mutant displays a 1.8-fold increase in intrinsic kinase activity over wild-type, whereas the R206H mutant shows similar activity. The higher G328V mutant intrinsic kinase activity is consistent with the statistically significant longer overall survival times of DIPG patients harboring ACVR1 G328V tumors. Based on the potential cross-talk between ACVR1 and TβRI pathways and known and predicted off-targets of ACVR1 inhibitors, we further validated the inhibition effects of several TβRI inhibitors on ACVR1 wild-type and G328V mutant patient tumor derived DIPG cell lines at 20–50 µM doses. SU-DIPG-IV cells harboring the histone H3.1K27M and activating ACVR1 G328V mutations appeared to be less susceptible to TβRI inhibition than SF8628 cells harboring the H3.3K27M mutation and wild-type ACVR1. Thus, inhibition of hidden oncogenic signaling pathways in DIPG such as TβRI that are not limited to ACVR1 itself may provide alternative entry points for DIPG therapeutics.
Intertwined Functions of Separase and Caspase in Cell Division and Programmed Cell Death
Authors: Jeong Pan Young , Kumar Ashish , Joshi Pradeep M. , Rothman Joel H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTimely sister chromatid separation, promoted by separase, is essential for faithful chromosome segregation. Separase is a member of the CD clan of cysteine proteases, which also includes the pro-apoptotic enzymes known as caspases. We report a role for the C. elegans separase SEP-1, primarily known for its essential activity in cell division and cortical granule exocytosis, in developmentally programmed cell death when the predominant pro-apoptotic caspase CED-3 is compromised. Loss of SEP-1 results in extra surviving cells in a weak ced-3(-) mutant, and suppresses the embryonic lethality of a mutant defective for the apoptotic suppressor ced-9/Bcl-2 implicating SEP-1 in execution of apoptosis. We also report apparent non-apoptotic roles for CED-3 in promoting germ cell proliferation, meiotic chromosome disjunction, egg shell formation, and the normal rate of embryonic development. Moreover, loss of the soma-specific (CSP-3) and germline-specific (CSP-2) caspase inhibitors result in CED-3-dependent suppression of embryonic lethality and meiotic chromosome non-disjunction respectively, when separase function is compromised. Thus, while caspases and separases have evolved different substrate specificities associated with their specialized functions in apoptosis and cell division respectively, they appear to have retained the residual ability to participate in both processes, supporting the view that co-option of components in cell division may have led to the innovation of programmed cell suicide early in metazoan evolution.