bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aurality
Authors: Kleege Georgina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The author recounts her history as an aural reader and argues for her preference for the synthesized voices of text-to-speech technology over analogue recordings of human voices. Legally blind since the age of 11, she developed habits of good listening, which served to elevate her aural reading from the passive reception of oral language to a more active practice of aural discernment. Now, with the widespread popularity of audio books and the ubiquity of synthesized voice technologies in mainstream electronic devices, she perceives progress toward greater social inclusion for people who are blind and visually impaired.
In the Classroom
Authors: Cannon Christopher 
Published: March 2020

AbstractModern pedagogy presumes that students require preparation for literacy training, often easing them into reading by way of pictures and song. Earlier modes of pedagogy from the Middle Ages until relatively recently proceeded much more quickly, teaching students with sentences and short texts from the start. There was an emotional cost to this speed, as early schoolbooks acknowledged in the very violence they embrace. But examining this difference in approach closely also makes clear that modern classrooms rely on prior knowledge more than they admit, and, also, that the pace of modern teaching only serves to conceal the difficult but nearly unteachable cognitive leap that may well be the essential step in to learning to read.
In Public
Authors: Connor Steven 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This essay considers public reading—the act of reading, performed in public, of public notices, inscriptions, labels, banners, and advertisements, which makes the experience of modern life a state of incessant address. Examples are taken from Dickens’s Bleak House and Joyce’s Ulysses, with particular attention being paid to the treatment given to advertising through skywriting in Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway. Many of the forms of public inscription or announcement borrow or blend with forms of mechanical motion, which is anticipated in the device known as “The Readies” invented by Bob Brown in the early 1930s. The essay concludes with a discussion of the growing expressiveness of and sensitivity to typefaces, especially in the psychotypographic force possessed by capital letters.
Morphological and Pathogenic Characterization of Sclerotium rolfsii, the Causal Agent of Southern Blight Disease on Common Bean in Uganda
Authors: Paparu Pamela , Acur Amos , Kato Fred , Acam Catherine , Nakibuule Justine , Nkuboye Allan , Musoke Stephen , Mukankusi Clare 
Published: March 2020

Over the last 5 years, Southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. has superseded root rots caused by pathogens such as Fusarium and Pythium spp. as a major constraint of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Uganda. Although S. rolfsii is prevalent in all bean-growing regions of Uganda, there is a lack of information about its diversity and pathogenicity to guide the development of effective management strategies. In total, 348 S. rolfsii isolates were obtained from bean fields in seven agroecological zones of Uganda, with the following objectives: to characterize their morphology, based on mycelial growth rate, mycelium texture, and number of sclerotia; and to determine the pathogenicity of 75 selected isolates on five common bean varieties in artificially inoculated soils in a screenhouse. We found that mycelial growth rate and the number of sclerotia produced on artificial media varied among agroecological zones but not within a zone. The five bean varieties tested were found to be susceptible to S. rolfsii, including varieties MLB49-89A and RWR719 that are resistant to Fusarium and Pythium root rots, respectively. Preemergence damping-off ranged between 0 and 100%, and disease severity index ranged between 4.4 and 100%. The widespread and high levels of S. rolfsii virulence on varieties of common bean indicate that management intervention is urgently required to help reduce losses incurred by Ugandan smallholder farmers. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
The Impact of Paid Maternity Leave on the Mental and Physical Health of Mothers and Children: A Review of the Literature and Policy Implications
Authors: Van Niel Maureen Sayres , Bhatia Richa , Riano Nicholas S. , de Faria Ludmila , Catapano-Friedman Lisa , Ravven Simha , Weissman Barbara , Nzodom Carine , Alexander Amy , Budde Kristin , Mangurian Christina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
For decades, national paid maternity leave policies of 12 weeks or more have been established in every industrialized country except the United States. Despite women representing 47% of the current U.S. labor force, only 16% of all employed American workers have access to paid parental leave through their workplace. As many as 23% of employed mothers return to work within ten days of giving birth, because of their inability to pay living expenses without income. We reviewed recent studies on the possible effects of paid maternity leave on the mental and physical health of mothers and children. We found that paid maternity leave is associated with beneficial effects on (1) the mental health of mothers and children, including a decrease in postpartum maternal depression and intimate partner violence, and improved infant attachment and child development, (2) the physical health of mothers and children, including a decrease in infant mortality and in mother and infant rehospitalizations, and an increase in pediatric visit attendance and timely administration of infant immunizations, and (3) breastfeeding, with an increase in its initiation and duration. Given the substantial mental and physical health benefits associated with paid leave, as well as favorable results from studies on its economic impact, the United States is facing a clear, evidence-based mandate to create a national paid maternity leave policy. We recommend a national paid maternity leave policy of at least 12 weeks.
Intrascleral sewing-machine technique: A Grooveless/flapless cyclopexy technique for large traumatic Cyclodialysis cleft repairs in pars plana vitrectomy
Authors: Huang Liuhui , Zhang Qi , Jin Haiying 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
To describe a minimally invasive technique for the repair of large traumatic cyclodialysis clefts using intrascleral sewing machine suture and overhand friction knot techniques in pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods:
This prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series included seven eyes of seven patients with a large traumatic cyclodialysis cleft. The sewing machine technique was modified by an intrascleral approach. The procedure was transconjunctival or subconjunctival performed without scleral flaps/grooves. An overhand friction knot was used to lead the cutting ends of the suture buried in the scleral tunnel.

Results:
The closure of the cyclodialysis cleft was achieved in seven eyes. The mean follow-up duration was 49.1 ± 15.6 weeks (range, 30–70 weeks). The intraocular pressure increased from 7.3 ± 2.1 mm Hg (range, 5–11 mmHg) preoperatively to 13.6 ± 2.4 mm Hg (range, 10–17 mmHg) postoperatively (P < 0.01). The best-corrected visual acuity improved from a mean of 2.76 ± 2.77 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution preoperatively to 0.63 ± 0.82 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution at the final follow-up (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the present technique is safe and effective in the treatment of large traumatic cyclodialysis clefts with minimal surgical trauma and a decreased surgical duration.
Rabbit Fungal Keratitis Model of Fusarium solani Tested Against Three Commercially Available Antifungal Drugs
Authors: Aung Thet Tun , Chor Wei Hong Jeff , Lynn Myoe Naing , Chan Anita Sook Yee , Tan Donald T.H. , Beuerman Roger W. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to develop a reproducible preclinical Fusarium solani keratitis model, which would allow comparative testing of currently available antifungals (NATACYN [Alcon, Fort Worth, TX], voriconazole 1%, and amphotericin B 0.1%) as well as efficacy testing of new antifungals for translation into clinical practice in the future.

Methods:
The rabbit F. solani keratitis model was developed in New Zealand white rabbits using local and systemic immunosuppression. Infection was introduced by intrastromal injection of F. solani spores into one of the immunosuppressed rabbit eyes while the contralateral eye was a control. Progress of the infection was assessed by the clinical features, histopathology, and viable fungal counts. In this study, the efficacy of currently available antifungals (NATACYN [Alcon], voriconazole 1%, and amphotericin B 0.1%) was compared. Rabbits were randomly divided (n=4 in each group), and the respective antifungal was instilled topically 5 times/day for 7 days. Treatment effects were analyzed by evaluating the anterior segment with the help of slit-lamp, histopathological findings and viable fungal culture at the end of the experiment.

Results:
We report the development of a reproducible and progressive rabbit F. solani keratitis model as shown by the substantial viable fungal counts (3 log CFU), the presence of large patchy lesions and substantial hypopyon in the 12-day model correlated with specific histopathological analysis for fungus (extended F. solani hyphae from midcorneal stroma into the anterior chamber and traverse Descemet membrane with anterior chamber suppurative plaque). Voriconazole 1% and NATACYN revealed significant reduction of the fungal wound area (P=0.02 and 0.021), respectively, while amphotericin B 0.1% exhibited P value of 0.083 compared with their infected nontreated controls. Voriconazole 1% and amphotericin B 0.1% showed significant viable fungal count differences (P=0.004 and 0.01), respectively, whereas P value of NATACYN was 0.337 compared with control infected corneas.

Conclusion:
The reported rabbit fungal keratitis model can be used for screening new antifungals and evaluating currently available antifungals to facilitate better clinical outcomes. Voriconazole 1% showed the best efficacy among the three tested currently available antifungals by showing the significant differences in both wound size and viable fungal count comparisons in our F. solani rabbit keratitis model.
Reoperations for Complications Within 90 Days After Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Chu Chia-Kai , Liebmann Jeffrey M. , Cioffi George A. , Blumberg Dana M. , Al-Aswad Lama A. 
Published: March 2020

Objective:
To describe reoperations in the operating room for complications encountered within 90 days after glaucoma surgery at a single institution over a 2-year period.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Subjects:
Adult patients who have undergone glaucoma surgery including a tube shunt, trabeculectomy with mitomycin C, trabectome, or transcleral cyclophotocoagulation from June 1, 2015 to August 30, 2017 at a single institution.

Methods:
These patients were then examined for postoperative complications that required reoperations within the first 90 days including revision of the tube shunt, revision of the trabeculectomy, drainage of the choroidal, or placement of a tube shunt.

Main Outcome Measures:
Percentage of reoperations for complications within the first 90 days after glaucoma surgery and surgical indications for these reoperations.

Results:
A total of 622 glaucoma procedures were performed on 600 eyes in 525 patients over a 2-year period from June 1, 2015 to June 30, 2017 by 4 glaucoma surgeons at a single institution. Of these, 275 (44%) were trabeculectomy with mitomycin C, 253 (41%) were the placement of a tube shunt, 33 (5%) were cyclophotocoagulation, and 61 (10%) were trabectome procedures. Postoperative complications requiring reoperations within 90 days developed in 15 patients (2.4%) overall including 7 patients (2.5%) in the trabeculectomy with mitomycin C group and 8 patients (3.1%) in the tube shunt group. Five patients developed bleb leaks, 3 patients developed serous choroidal effusions, 3 patients had tube exposure, 1 patient had tube retraction, 1 patient had persistent iritis from iris touching the tube, and 1 had encapsulation around the tube. The rate of reoperation for complications was similar between the tube group and the trabeculectomy group (P=0.67, χ
2 test). There were no complications requiring reoperations in 90 days for transcleral cyclophotocoagulation or trabectome.

Conclusions:
Early postoperative complications requiring reoperations within the first 90 days after glaucoma surgery were low and comparable with previous studies. Common indications for reoperation within 90 days include wound leak and tube shunt-related issues.
The Relationship Between Corvis ST Tonometry Parameters and Ocular Response Analyzer Corneal Hysteresis
Authors: Fujishiro Takashi , Matsuura Masato , Fujino Yuri , Murata Hiroshi , Tokumo Kana , Nakakura Shunsuke , Kiuchi Yoshiaki , Asaoka Ryo 
Published: March 2020

Precis:
Corvis ST Tonometry and Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) measurements were conducted in primary open-angle glaucoma and normative subjects. Many parameters were significantly correlated, however, the strengths were weak to moderate.

Purpose:
Reichert ORA parameters are derived from pressure information following the application of air-jet, whereas detailed structural observation can be made using the Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology instrument (CST). The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between CST measurements and ORA measured corneal hysteresis (CH).

Methods:
Measurements of CST, ORA, axial length, average corneal curvature, central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure with Goldmann applanation tonometry were carried out in 104 eyes of 104 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 35 eyes from normative subjects. The association between CST and ORA parameters was assessed using linear regression analysis, with model selection based on the second order bias corrected Akaike Information Criterion index.

Results:
Deformation amplitude ratio (corneal softness, R=−0.51), SP A1 (corneal stiffness, R=0.41), and Inverse Radius (integrated area under the curve of the inverse concave radius, R=−0.44) were significantly correlated with CH (P <0.05). The optimal model to explain CH using CST measurements was given by: CH=−76.3+4.6×A1 time (applanation time in the corneal inward movement)+1.9×A2 time (second applanation time in the corneal outward movement) + 3.1 × highest concavity deformation amplitude (magnitude of movement of the corneal apex from before deformation to its highest concavity) + 0.016×CCT (R
2=0.67; P<0.001).

Conclusions:
CST parameters are significant, but weakly or moderately, related to ORA measured CH.
The Influence of Combined CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Genotypes on Venlafaxine and O-Desmethylvenlafaxine Concentrations in a Large Patient Cohort
Authors: Kringen Marianne K. , Bråten Line S. , Haslemo Tore , Molden Espen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Purpose
The antidepressant venlafaxine is largely O-desmethylated by CYP2D6, whereas CYP2C19 mediates an alternative metabolic route of venlafaxine through N-desmethylation. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of genotype-predicted CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 phenotypes on serum concentrations of venlafaxine and metabolites in a large patient population.

Methods
Patients were retrospectively included from a therapeutic drug monitoring service at Diakonhjemmet Hospital in Oslo (Norway) between January 01, 2007, and December 31, 2017. The study population was divided into different phenotype subgroups according to the combinations of CYP2D6/CYP2C19 phenotypes; intermediate metabolizers (IMs), poor metabolizers (PMs) and ultrarapid metabolizers, and compared using combined normal metabolizers (NMs) as reference.

Findings
The dose-adjusted serum concentration of venlafaxine was 4- and 13-fold increased in combined CYP2D6 IM/CYP2C19 PMs and combined PMs, respectively, compared with combined NMs (P < 0.001). The sum concentration of venlafaxine + ODV (pharmacological active moiety) was increased 1.9 and 3.6-fold, respectively, in the same phenotype groups. Furthermore, the dose-adjusted active moiety exposure was similar in combined IMs as combined CYP2D6 PM/CYP2C19 NMs. CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 phenotypes explained 46% of the interindividual variability in dose-adjusted venlafaxine serum concentrations, whereas CYP2D6 alone explained 24%.

Conclusions
The combined CYP2D6/CYP2C19 phenotype has a significant impact on serum concentrations of venlafaxine and also on the active moiety of venlafaxine + ODV, than CYP2D6 alone. In clinical practice, it is therefore important to take into account phenotype variabilities of both enzymes when assessing the risk of dose-dependent adverse effects during venlafaxine treatment.
Antidepressant-Associated Mania in Bipolar Disorder: A Review and Meta-analysis of Potential Clinical and Genetic Risk Factors
Authors: Melhuish Beaupre Lindsay M. , Tiwari Arun K. , Gonçalves Vanessa F. , Lisoway Amanda J. , Harripaul Ricardo S. , Müller Daniel J. , Zai Clement C. , Kennedy James L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Purposes/Background
Antidepressants (ADs) play a valuable role in treating the depressive episodes of bipolar disorder. However, 14% of these individuals taking ADs experience AD-associated mania (AAM) within a few weeks of starting treatment. Numerous studies have suggested potential clinical and genetic risk factors. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis that integrates the past literature with the recent studies and identifies important predictors for AAM.

Methods/Procedures
The review was limited to experimentally designed studies that contain the relevant search terms in PubMed and PsychInfo. After removing studies that were in discordance with our criteria, the review included 24 reports examining clinical risk factors and 10 investigating genetic risk factors. Our meta-analysis was conducted on 5 clinical risk factors, each of which had at least 4 articles with extractable data.

Findings/Results
The only clinical factors in the literature that have been shown to be more indicative of AAM risk are AD monotherapy and tricyclic ADs. Among genetic factors, the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism may play a minor role in AAM. Our meta-analysis provided support for the number of prior depressive episodes.

Implications/Conclusion
Prevention of AAM may be served by early detection of recurrent depression episodes. Further large-scale longitudinal studies are required to determine the underpinnings of AAM.
Antidepressants and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Elderly Affected by Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Biffi Annalisa , Rea Federico , Scotti Lorenza , Lucenteforte Ersilia , Vannacci Alfredo , Lombardi Niccolò , Chinellato Alessandro , Onder Graziano , Vitale Cristiana , Cascini Silvia , Ingrasciotta Ylenia , Roberto Giuseppe , Mugelli Alessandro , Corrao Giovanni 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the possible relation between use of antidepressant (AD) drugs, that is, tricyclic ADs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and atypical ADs (AAs), and the risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular (CV) events among older patients with previous CV diseases.

Methods
A nested case-control study was carried out among patients aged 65 years and older from 5 Italian health care territorial units who were discharged for CV disease during 2008 to 2010. The cohort was composed by 344,747 individuals, and of these, 97,739 (28%) experienced hospital admission for CV events (myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, stroke, heart failure) during follow-up (until 2014) and were included as cases. Up to 5 controls were randomly selected and matched to each. A conditional logistic regression was fitted to estimate the risk of CV events associated with ADs past or current use. A within-patient comparison was performed by the case-crossover design to account the effect of depression.

Findings
Current users of SSRIs and AAs were at increased risk of CV events with odds ratios of 1.25 (95% confidence interval, 1.21–1.29) and 1.31 (1.25–1.37), respectively. An increased risk of arrhythmia and stroke was associated with current use of SSRIs and AAs, whereas an increased risk of heart failure was detected with current use of any ADs. The results were confirmed by the case-crossover approach.

Implications
Evidence that AD use is associated with an increased risk of CV events in accordance with specific mechanisms of action among older people with CV disease was added by this study.
Lean in Healthcare: Time for Evolution or Revolution?
Authors: Wackerbarth Sarah B. , Bishop Susan S. , Aroh Adaeze C. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Lean has gained recognition in healthcare as a quality improvement tool. The purpose of this research was to examine the extent to which quality improvement projects in healthcare adhered to Lean's eight-step process. We analyzed 605 publications identified through a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines. Each publication was coded using a structured coding sheet. The most frequent type of publication reported empirical research (48.6%) and most of these (80.3%) shared the results of the Lean projects. Of the 237 publications reporting Lean projects, more than half (71.3%) used an experimental, one-site, pre/postdesign. The impact of the project was most often measured using a single metric (59.1%) that was operational (e.g., waiting time). Although most Lean project publications reported the use of tools to “break down the problem” (84.4%, Step 2) and “see countermeasures through” (70.0%, Step 6), fewer than half described using tools associated with each of the other steps. Projects completed an average of 2.77 steps and none of the projects completed all steps. Although some may perceive low adherence to the tenets of Lean as a deficiency, it may be that Lean approaches are evolving to better meet the needs of healthcare.
Using GoFundMe to Obtain Medical Care
Authors: Bayless Katy R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Advancements in surgical interventions, specifically the newer biventricular valve replacement, for babies born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome have increased the survival rate of this otherwise fatal congenital deformity. For those interested in surgical intervention, patients are lucky to have this option, although not all babies are candidates for this surgery. Survival rates must remain only a part of the conversation, as there are significant lifelong medical needs/risks for these babies, including neurologic and developmental disabilities. Medical factors are only part of the story. The out-of-pocket costs for this new procedure are very very high and can financially devastate families, who are frequently turning to crowdsourcing to cover their medical bills. Crowdsourcing to purchase medical procedures invites a host of ethical concerns to be discussed here. Finally, the inclusion of a pediatric palliative care team during these discussions will help parents and providers navigate these difficult and complicated conversations and decisions.