bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative CT Detects Undiagnosed Low Bone Mineral Density in Oncologic Patients Imaged With 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Kay Fernando U. , Ho Vinh , Dosunmu Edmund B. , Chhabra Avneesh , Brown Keenan , Duan Xinhui , Öz Orhan K. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
We assessed the prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) in oncologic patients undergoing 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Patients and Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of 100 patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT at a single center from October 2015 till May 2016. Quantitative CT (QCT) was used to assess BMD at the lumbar spine (BMDQCT) and femoral necks (BMDCTXA). SUVmax was used to evaluate metabolic activity of the bone marrow. Risk of osteoporosis-related fractures was calculated with femoral neck BMDCTXA and the FRAX algorithm, which was compared against measurements of CT attenuation of the trabecular bone at L1 (L1HU).

Results
Osteoporosis and osteopenia were respectively present in 16% and 46% of patients 50 years and older. Bone marrow SUVmax was correlated with BMD at the lumbar spine (ρ = 0.36, P < 0.001). Increased age and low marrow SUVmax were associated with low BMDQCT at the lumbar spine (both P < 0.001), whereas increased age, female sex, and low marrow SUVmax were associated with low BMDCTXA at the femoral necks (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.01, respectively). L1HU had an area under the curve of 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–0.99) for detecting increased risk for osteoporosis-related fracture, with best threshold of 125.8 HU (95% CI, 115.7–144.9) yielding sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 0.92–1.00), specificity of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.76–0.97), and accuracy of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.79–0.97).

Conclusions
Low BMD is frequent in oncologic patients undergoing 18F-FDG PET/CT. Decreased 18F-FDG avidity of the bone marrow correlates with decreased BMD, validating the link between osteoporosis and bone marrow fat. L1HU could be a simple and accurate approach for detecting patients at risk for osteoporosis-related fractures using PET/CTdata.
False-Positive 18F–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen–1007 PET/CT Caused by Hepatic Multifocal Inflammatory Foci
Authors: Ladrón-de-Guevara David , Canelo Alejando , Piottante Antonio , Regonesi Carlos 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A 68-year-old man with history of treated prostate cancer was referred to 68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–11 PET/CT imaging. Moderate bone involvement was observed, with a normal liver tracer uptake. Bone biopsy confirmed metastases of prostate cancer. After therapy adjustment, a follow-up 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT revealed good response in bone lesions, although it showed 3 new rounded liver intense uptake foci. Concurrent PSA was 0.6 ng/mL. Liver function tests were normal. PET/CT-guided hepatic biopsy demonstrated no malignant cells, focal inflammation, and steatosis, being possibly the inflammation the cause of false-positive multifocal uptake of 18F-PSMA-1007. Following PET/CT, controls showed a normal liver.
Intracystic Papillary Neoplasm of Gallbladder Mimicking Metastatic Malignancy on PET/CT
Authors: Ismail Rasha , Saeed Bamashmos Anas , Cohen Paul J. , Pucar Darko 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Intracystic papillary neoplasm of the gallbladder is a rare preinvasive neoplastic lesion with similar characteristics as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and other papillary neoplasms of pancreaticobiliary system. We report a case of 48-year-old woman with a history of recurrent right flank chondrosarcoma and gallbladder lesion on MRI and PET/CT interpreted as indeterminate for metastatic disease. Subsequent cholecystectomy showed intracystic papillary neoplasm. With gallbladder lesions being rare on PET/CT, this case illustrates the importance of considering both primary and secondary tumors in the differential diagnosis.
Comparision of Mechanical Thrombectomy With Contact Aspiration or Stent Retriever in Patients With Large-vessel Occlusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Xia Lei , Zhao Piao-Ping , Sun He-Xiang , Jing Chao-Hui , Zhong Jun , Hua Xu-Ming , Wan Liang 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
Whether the direct aspiration approach of thrombectomy for recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke has a similar efficacy and safety compared to the stent-retriever still remains uncertain.

Methods:
A retrospective data analysis was performed to identify patients with large cerebral artery acute ischemic stroke treated with endovascular thrombectomy. The study was conducted between January 2018 and December 2019 in a single stroke center.

Results:
Twenty patients met inclusion criteria for this study with a mean age 66.64 ± 17.92 years’ old. The symptom occurred on the left side were in 13, and the right side in 7. The location of occlusion was 8 in M1 of the middle cerebral artery of M2, and 6 in internal carotid artery. Nine patients were randomized to first-line treatment with contact aspiration and eleven to first-line treatment with a stent retriever. The mean time from admission time to groin puncture was 55.51 ± 31.03 minutes. The average time from groin puncture to maximal revascularizion after mechanical thrombectomy was 50.9 ± 22.5 minutes in contact aspiration group, but this time was 71.37 ± 25.45 minutes in the group of stent retriever. The overall successful revascularization rate (TICI 2b-3) was 88.9% in contact aspiration (TICI2a = 1, TICI 2b = 4 patients, TICI 3 = 4 patients), and 90.1% in stent retriever (TICI2a = 1, TICI 2b = 6 patients, TICI 3 = 4 patients).

Discussion:
First-line thrombectomy with contact aspiration did not result in a higher successful revascularization rate at the end of the procedure but had a short time from groin puncture to maximal revascularizion.
Tongue Reduction for Macroglossia
Authors: McCrossan Susan , Martin Serena , Hill Christopher 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Macroglossia is a term used to describe a large tongue which protrudes outside of the mouth while in a resting position (Balaji, 2013). It is a cardinal sign in children with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and can also be found in children with Down syndrome and Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome. Macroglossia can lead to airway and feeding difficulties, as well as problems with speech, drooling, and cosmesis. We present a review of tongue reduction operations performed for macroglossia over a 10-year period in Northern Ireland.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective review of the medical notes of those children identified to have undergone a tongue reduction procedure in the regional pediatric hospital. We reviewed the presenting symptoms and concerns, the operative technique used, postoperative outcomes, and follow up. Outcomes data included improvements in symptoms, complications, and the need for revision procedures.

Results:
Six children underwent tongue reduction procedures over a 10-year period. Age range at time of surgery was between 4 months to 10 years 3 months. Five children had an underlying diagnosis of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and 1 child had Down syndrome. One child underwent a second tongue reduction for mild tongue protrusion at the 5-year follow up. There were no complications in relation to tongue reduction surgery for any of the children and importantly, there were no airway complications in our series. All patients were found to have improved feeding, better tongue position in the oral cavity, reduced drooling, and better speech development following surgery.

Conclusion:
Symptomatic macroglossia requiring a tongue reduction procedure is relatively rare and these procedures are, therefore, uncommonly performed. Despite the rarity of this procedure, when it is required, it can be life saving for some infants and children, and life altering for the remainder. Improvements in airway, feeding, speech, and psychosocial wellbeing are the desired outcomes with this procedure. Throughout our 10-year series we have found it to be a relatively safe procedure but potentially anesthetically challenging. We have demonstrated both good short and long-term outcomes for these children.
Evaluation of the efficacy of commercial and noncommercial tourniquets for extremity hemorrhage control in a perfused cadaver model
Authors: Cremonini Camilla , Nee Nadya , Demarest Matthew , Piccinini Alice , Minneti Michael , Canamar Catherine P. , Benjami Elizabeth R. , Demetriades Demetrios , Inaba Kenji 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND
Tourniquets are a critical tool in the immediate response to life-threatening extremity hemorrhage; however, the optimal tourniquet type and effectiveness of noncommercial devices remain unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of five tourniquets in a perfused-cadaver model.

METHODS
This prospective study used a perfused-cadaver model with standardized superficial femoral artery injury bleeding at 700 mL/min. Five tourniquets were tested: combat application tourniquet; rapid application tourniquet system; Stretch, Wrap, And Tuck Tourniquet; an improvised triangle bandage windlass; and a leather belt. Forty-eight medical students underwent a practical hands-on demonstration of each tourniquet. Using a random number generator, they placed the tourniquets on the bleeding cadaver in random order. Time to hemostasis, time to secure devices, estimated blood loss, and difficulty rating were assessed. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare efficacy between the tourniquets in achieving the outcomes.

RESULTS
The mean ± SD participant age was 25 ± 2.6 years, and 29 (60%) were male. All but one tourniquet was able to stop bleeding, but the rapid application tourniquet system had a 4% failure rate. Time to hemostasis and estimated blood loss did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). Stretch, Wrap, And Tuck Tourniquet required the longest time to be secured (47.8 ± 17.0 seconds), whereas the belt was the fastest (15.2 ± 6.5 seconds; p < 0.001). The improvised windlass was rated easiest to learn and apply, with 22 participants (46%) assigning a score of 1.

CONCLUSION
Four of five tourniquets evaluated, including both noncommercial devices, effectively achieved hemostasis. A standard leather belt was the fastest to place and was able to stop the bleeding. However, it required continuous pressure to maintain hemostasis. The improvised windlass was as effective as the commercial devices and was the easiest to apply. In an emergency setting where commercial devices are not available, improvised tourniquets may be an effective bridge to definitive care.
Covid-19 pandemic lessons: Uncritical communication of test results can induce more harm than benefit and raises questions on standardized quality criteria for communication and liability
Authors: Porzsolt Franz , Pfuhl Gerit , Kaplan Robert M , Eisemann Martin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is characterized by both health and economic risks. A ‘safety loop’ model postulates risk-related decisions are not based on objective and measurable risks but on the subjective perception of those risks. We here illustrate a quantification of the difference between objective and subjective risks.MethodThe objective risks (or chances) can be obtained from traditional 2 × 2 tables by calculating the positive (+LR) and negative (-LR) likelihood ratios. The subjective perception of objective risks is calculated from the same 2 × 2 tables by exchanging the X- and Y-axes. The traditional 2 × 2 table starts with the hypothesis, uses a test and a gold standard to confirm or exclude the investigated condition. The 2 × 2 table with inverted axes starts with the communication of a test result and presumes that the communication of bad news (whether right or false) will induce ‘perceived anxiety’ while good news will induce ‘perceived safety’. Two different functions (confirmation and exclusion) of both perceptions (perceived anxiety and safety) can be quantified with those calculations.ResultsThe analysis of six published tests and of one incompletely reported test on COVID-19 polymerase chain reactions (completed by four assumptions on high and low sensitivities and specificities) demonstrated that none of these tests induces ‘perceived safety’. Eight of the ten tests confirmed the induction of perceived anxiety with +LRs (range 3.1 – 5900). In two of these eight tests a -LR (0.25 and 0.004) excluded the induction of perceived safety.ConclusionsCommunication of test results caused perceived anxiety but not perceived safety in 80% of the investigated tests. Medical tests – whether right or false – generate strong psychological messages. In the case of COVID-19 tests may induce more perceived anxiety than safety.
Estimating E-Cigarette Use Prevalence Among US Adolescents Using Vaping-Related Online Search Trends
Authors: Foxon Floe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionAdolescent e-cigarette use is a developing phenomenon. Greater surveillance of underage use is necessary to inform e-cigarette policy and mitigate adolescent e-cigarette use. Accurate prevalence estimates for adolescent e-cigarette use are provided by large national surveys. However, these surveys are costly and provide only annual estimates. To obtain more affordable estimates faster and more frequently, novel methods are required.MethodsOnline search term popularity data were taken from Google Trends. Interest in the search terms ‘vapes’, ‘vape’, and ‘vape pen’ were followed monthly from January 2011 to November 2020. Time-lagged zero-normalized cross-correlations were performed between the Google data and current (past 30 day) high-school e-cigarette use prevalence estimates from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS). The search interest data were then calibrated to the NYTS data to estimate adolescent e-cigarette use prevalence using online searches.ResultsMaximum correlation coefficients of 0.979 for ‘vapes’ and 0.938 for ‘vape’ were obtained when search interest lagged use prevalence by one month, and 0.970 for ‘vape pen’ when the lag was two months (p < 0.0001 for all). Calibrating the search term data to NYTS provided a high-school current e-cigarette use prevalence estimate of 11.3–16.5% for November 2020, suggesting adolescent use of e-cigarettes has continued to decline since the NYTS estimate of 19.6% for January–March 2020.ConclusionOnline search trend data may provide reasonably reliable and more frequent estimates of adolescent e-cigarette use prevalence at substantially lower costs than traditional surveys. Such additional data may help in developing adolescent e-cigarette use prevention efforts.
Cocaine receptor identified as BASP1
Authors: Harraz Maged M. , Malla Adarsha P. , Semenza Evan R , Shishikura Maria , Hwang Yun , Kang In Guk , Song Young Jun , Snowman Adele M. , Cortes Pedro , Snyder Solomon H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCocaine is a behavioral stimulant with substantial abuse potential related to its positively rewarding actions1,2. Cocaine inhibits the reuptake inactivation of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine at high nanomolar to low micromolar concentrations2. There is evidence for substantially more potent influences of cocaine. For instance, Calligaro and Eldefrawi reported binding of [3H]cocaine to brain membranes with a dissociation constant of about 16 nM3. At 10 nM concentration, cocaine elicits environmental place conditioning in planarians4. Furthermore, 1nM cocaine enhances dopamine D2 receptor agonist-mediated signaling5. Inhibition of amine reuptake by cocaine is substantially less potent than some of these high affinity actions. Thus, evidence for a specific, high affinity receptor for cocaine that mediates its behavioral actions has been lacking. We now report high affinity binding of cocaine to the membrane-associated brain acid soluble protein-1 (BASP1) with a Kd of 7 nM. Knocking down BASP1 in the striatum inhibits [3H]cocaine binding to striatal synaptosomes. Depletion of BASP1 in the nucleus accumbens diminishes locomotor stimulation, acquisition, and expression of locomotor sensitization to cocaine. Our findings indicate that BASP1 is a pharmacologically relevant receptor for cocaine and a putative therapeutic target for psychostimulant addiction.
Effects of probiotics on loperamide-induced constipation in rats
Authors: Inatomi Takio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConstipation, a common health problem, causes discomfort and affects quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effect of probiotics on loperamide (LP)-induced constipation in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, a well-established animal model of spastic constipation. In total, 100 male SD rats (age, 8 weeks; Japan SLC, Inc., Hamamatsu, Japan) were used in the experiments following a 12-day acclimatisation period. They were randomly divided into two treatment groups (groups 1 and 2) of 50 rats each. Spastic constipation was induced via oral administration of LP (3 mg/kg) for 6 days 1 hour before the administration of each test compound. Similarly, a probiotics solution (4 ml/kg body weight) was orally administered to the rats once a day for 6 days in group 2. In group 1, phosphate buffer solution was orally administered once a day for 6 days 1 hour after each LP administration. The changes in body weight, faecal parameters, short-chain fatty acid concentration in faeces, and faecal immunoglobulin (Ig)-A concentration were recorded. In the present study, the oral administration of probiotics improved faecal parameters, short-chain fatty acid concentration in faeces, and faecal IgA concentration. Our results indicate that probiotics increase the levels of intestinal short-chain fatty acids, especially butyric acid, thereby improving constipation and intestinal immunity.
A statistical analysis of high-performance prosthetic isogrid composite tubes using response surface method
Authors: Francisco Matheus , Roque Lucas , Pereira João , Machado Susiane , da Cunha Jr Sebastião Simões , Gomes Guilherme Ferreira 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This study aims to address a deep statistical analysis on transtibial prostheses made of composite isogrid carbon/epoxy structure.

Design/methodology/approach
For the methodological procedure, an experimental arrangement was created using design of experiments, and the response surface methodology (RSM) was used. The RSM was obtained from the decision variables of the isogrid model, which consists of angle, circular width and helical width. All modeling was performed numerically using the finite element method.

Findings
Results obtained through analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated the sensitivity of each decision variable (manufacture) in the mechanical responses. The results obtained in this study provide a starting point in formulating optimization problems for researchers and engineers.

Originality/value
A noteworthy thing about structural analysis and structural optimization is that some parameters and decision variables are more significant than others in certain responses (Major et al., 2011). Knowing the sensitivity of these parameters is essential for the correct formulation of an optimization problem. To handle these obstacles, design of experiments and ANOVA are used to solve and obtain the main effects on the structural performance. Nevertheless, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, very few efforts have been devoted to the development to show the factors that influence the various responses of a lower limb prosthesis isogrid tube.
Assessing the impact of climate change on agriculture in Quang Nam Province, Viet Nam using modeling approach
Authors: Huynh Huong Thi Lan , Nguyen Thi Lieu , Dinh Hoang Nguyen 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the impact of climate change on some specific areas of agricultural production in Quang Nam Province, including assessing the possibility of losing agricultural land owing to sea level rise; assessing the impact on rice productivity; and, assessing the impact on crop water demand.Design/methodology/approachThis study used the method of collecting and processing statistics data; method of analysis, comparison and evaluation; method of geographic information system; method of using mathematical model; and method of professional solution, to assess the impacts of climate change.FindingsEvaluation results in Quang Nam Province show that, by the end of the 21st century, winter–spring rice productivity may decrease by 33%, while summer–autumn rice productivity may decrease by 49%. Under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario, water demand increases by 31.1% compared to the baseline period, of which the winter–spring crop increases by 28.4%, and the summer–autumn crop increased by 34.3%. Under RCP 8.5 scenario, water demand increases by 54.1% compared to the baseline period, of which the winter–spring crop increases by 46.7%, and the summer–autumn crop increased by 63.1%. The area of agricultural land likely to be inundated by sea level rise at 50 cm is 418.32 ha, and at 80 cm, it is 637.07 ha.Originality/valueTo propose adaptation solution to avoid the impacts of climate change on agriculture, it is necessary to consider about the impact on losing land for agriculture, the impact on rice productivity, assess the impact on crop water demand and other. The result of this assessment is useful for policymakers for forming the agriculture development plan.
Financing hydroelectric power plants: a review and evaluation of financing channels
Authors: İpin Selin , Ercan Tuğçe 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This study aims to identify project funding shortcomings in the existing literature and evaluate the financing channels accordingly.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses a structured literature review – a content analysis method. Then, the comparative analysis applied to data gathered from the content analysis.

Findings
To define the main research topics and establish a focus on hydroelectric power plant (HEPP) financing, a comprehensive structured literature review was conducted. According to the results of this study, there are three main categories of HEPP financing studies in the literature, namely, financing channels and products, factors that complicate financing and financing- risk relationship of HEPP projects. According to these findings, which criteria most affecting HEPP financing and which financing channel is the most suitable are determined.

Research limitations/implications
Among all financing channels, only direct debt sources are selected.

Practical implications
This study is structured as a simple lender selection guide for HEPP investments. Selection criteria are applicable for both lenders and investors. For lenders, those criteria are expected to improve loan performance and optimize financial product selection. For investors, those criteria are expected to help choosing suitable products and improve revenues.

Social implications
This study will contribute the researchers those intended to work on the topic.

Originality/value
This study will contribute to limited literature on HEPP financing. Project finance literature is limited and narrow even there is no study that investigates hydropower project finance sourcing. In this manner, this study can be considered as a pioneer.