bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for movement disorders: clinical and neuroimaging advances
Authors: Martínez-Fernández Raúl , Pineda-Pardo José A. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
To describe the path of technological developments that have led to the actual application of MRI-guided focused ultrasound in multiple neurological disorders and to update the more recent technical advances in the field. An insight into the latest clinical achievements in movement disorders will be provided, together with the neuroimaging advances for the screening, planning, and outcome evaluation.

Recent findings
Developments, such as phased array transducers and MRI guidance have allowed the use of focused ultrasound to successfully perform incisionless therapeutic ablation in deep brain structures. Although its indication through a thalamotomy has been approved for essential and parkinsonian tremor, it has also shown preliminary efficacy for other types of tremor, Parkinson's disease motor signs and neuropsychiatric disorders. In parallel, neuroradiological techniques have helped to improve treatment application and provided new evidence in terms of lesion topography, impact on distant structures and understanding of action mechanisms.

Summary
Neuroimaging developments have helped to increase successful applications of focused ultrasound as a minimally invasive ablative approach and to understand the mechanisms by which ablation of a certain brain region improves neurological disorders. The field is expanding rapidly and in the coming years it will transform functional neurosurgery.
Beat the heat:Culex quinquefasciatusregulates its body temperature during blood-feeding
Authors: Reinhold Joanna M. , Shaw Ryan , Lahondère Chloé 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMosquitoes are regarded as one of the most dangerous animals on earth. As they are responsible for the spread of a wide range of both human and animal diseases, research of the underlying mechanisms of their feeding behavior and physiology is critical. Among disease vector mosquitoes,Culex quinquefasciatus, which is a known carrier of West Nile virus and Western Equine Encephalitis, remains relatively understudied. As blood sucking insects, adaptations (either at the molecular or physiological level) while feeding on warm blood is crucial to their survival, as overheating can result in death due to heat stress. Our research aims to study howCx. quinquefasciatuscopes with heat associated with the ingestion of a warm blood-meal and to possibly uncover the adaptations this species uses to avoid thermal stress. Through the use of thermographic imaging, we analyzed the body temperature ofCx. quinquefasciatuswhile blood feeding. Infrared thermography has allowed us to identify a cooling strategy, evaporative cooling via the production of fluid droplets, and an overall low body temperature in comparison to the blood temperature during feeding. UnderstandingCx. quinquefasciatus’adaptations and various strategies that they employ to reduce their body temperature while blood-feeding constitutes the first step towards the discovery of potential targets of opportunity for their control.HighlightsMosquitoes have evolved to cope with heat stress associated with warm blood ingestionCulex quinquefasciatusdisplays heterothermy while blood-feedingThe abdominal temperature decreases due to evaporative cooling using urine dropletsOverall, the mosquito body temperature is much cooler than the ingested blood
Novel Approach for Parallelizing Pairwise Comparison Problems as Applied to Detecting Segments Identical By Decent in Whole-Genome Data
Authors: Sapin Emmanuel , Keller Matthew C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMotivationPairwise comparison problems arise in many areas of science. In genomics, datasets are already large and getting larger, and so operations that require pairwise comparisons—either on pairs of SNPs or pairs of individuals—are extremely computationally challenging. We propose a generic algorithm for addressing pairwise comparison problems that breaks a large problem (of ordern2comparisons) into multiple smaller ones (each of orderncomparisons), allowing for massive parallelization.ResultsWe demonstrated that this procedure is very efficient for calling identical by descent (IBD) segments between all pairs of individuals in the UK Biobank dataset, with a user time savings roughly 180-fold over the traditional (non-parallel) approach to detecting such segments. This efficiency should extend to other methods of IBD calling and, more generally, to other pairwise comparison tasks in genomics or other areas of science.Contactemmanuel.sapin@colorado.edu
Improved temporal resolution for mapping brain metabolism using functional PET and anatomical MRI knowledge
Authors: Sudarshan Viswanath P. , Li Shenpeng , Jamadar Sharna D. , Egan Gary F. , Awate Suyash P. , Chen Zhaolin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFunctional positron emission tomography (fPET) imaging using continuous infusion of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a novel neuroimaging technique to track dynamic glucose utilization in the brain. In comparison to conventional static PET, fPET maintains a sustained supply of glucose in the blood plasma which improves sensitivity to measure dynamic glucose changes in the brain, and enables mapping of dynamic brain activity in task-based and resting-state fPET studies. However, there is a trade-off between temporal resolution and spatial noise due to the low concentration of FDG and the limited sensitivity of multi-ring PET scanners. Images from fPET studies suffer from partial volume errors and residual scatter noise that may cause the cerebral metabolic functional maps to be biased. Gaussian smoothing filters used to denoise the fPET images are suboptimal, as they introduce additional partial volume errors. In this work, a post-processing framework based on a magnetic resonance (MR) Bowsher-like prior was used to improve the spatial and temporal signal to noise characteristics of the fPET images. The performance of the MR guided method was compared with conventional Gaussian filtering using both simulated andin vivotask fPET datasets. The results demonstrate that the MR guided fPET framework reduces the partial volume errors, enhances the sensitivity of identifying brain activation, and improves the anatomical accuracy for mapping changes of brain metabolism in response to a visual stimulation task. The framework extends the use of functional PET to investigate the dynamics of brain metabolic responses for faster presentation of brain activation tasks, and for applications in low dose PET imaging.
Impairment of methylglyoxal detoxification systems causes mitochondrial dysfunction and schizophrenia-like behavioral deficits
Authors: Toriumi Kazuya , Berto Stefano , Koike Shin , Usui Noriyoshi , Dan Takashi , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Miyashita Mitsuhiro , Horiuchi Yasue , Yoshikawa Akane , Sugaya Yuki , Watanabe Takaki , Asakura Mai , Kano Masanobu , Ogasawara Yuki , Miyata Toshio , Itokawa Masanari , Konopka Genevieve , Arai Makoto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMethylglyoxal (MG) is a cytotoxicα-dicarbonyl byproduct of glycolysis. Our bodies have several bio-defense systems to detoxify MG, including an enzymatic system by glyoxalase (GLO) 1 and a scavenge system by vitamin B6 (VB6). We know a population of patients with schizophrenia impaired MG detoxification systems. However, the molecular mechanism connecting them remains poorly understood. We created a novel mouse model for MG detoxification deficits by feedingGlo1knockout mice VB6-lacking diets (KO/VB6(-)) and evaluated the effects of impaired MG detoxification systems on brain function. KO/VB6(-) mice accumulated MG in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and striatum, and displayed schizophrenia-like behavioral deficits. Furthermore, we found aberrant gene expression related to mitochondria function in the PFC of the KO/VB6(-) mice. We demonstrated respiratory deficits in mitochondria isolated from the PFC of KO/VB6(-) mice. These findings suggest that MG detoxification deficits might cause schizophrenia-like behavioral deficits via mitochondrial dysfunction in the PFC.
Ontogenic Shifts in Cellular Fate Are Linked to Proteotype Changes in Mouse Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells
Authors: Jassinskaja Maria , Pimková Kristýna , Johansson Emil , Sitnicka Ewa , Hansson Jenny 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe process of hematopoiesis is subject to extensive ontogenic remodeling that is accompanied by alterations in cellular fate both during normal development and upon malignant transformation. Although the functional differences between fetal and adult hematopoiesis are well established, the responsible molecular mechanisms have long remained largely unexplored at the proteomic level. Here, we have applied state-of-the-art mass spectrometry to gain deep coverage of the proteome of 100,000 fetal and adult lympho-myeloid multipotent progenitors (LMPPs), common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) and granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs). Our analysis resulted in the identification and quantification of 4189 proteins, with over 200 proteins per cell type displaying differential expression between the fetus and the adult. The proteomic data demonstrate that features traditionally attributed to adult hematopoiesis are conserved across lymphoid and myeloid lineages, while generic fetal features are considerably more prominent in LMPPs and CLPs than in GMPs. Furthermore, we reveal molecular and functional evidence for a diminished granulocyte differentiation capacity in fetal LMPPs and GMPs relative to their adult counterparts, and show indications of a differential requirement of myosin activity for granulopoiesis in fetal and adult LMPPs. We have additionally identified the transcription factor Irf8 as significantly lower expressed in fetal relative to adult GMPs, and shown that its expression pattern correlates with an altered capacity for monocytic differentiation in the fetal cells. Collectively, our work represents a significant advancement in the understanding of the molecular programs that govern ontogenic differences in early hematopoiesis and mature blood cell production.Key pointsIn-depth proteomics links intrinsic molecular programs to functional output of fetal and adult lineage-biased hematopoietic progenitorsMyelopoiesis-associated molecular programs and myeloid differentiation capacity are subject to considerable ontogenic remodeling
Axial claw pole motor: harmonic torque estimation using finite element method
Authors: Giraud Dominique , Ristagno Baptiste , Netter Denis , Fontchastagner Julien , Labbe Nicolas , Lanfranchi Vincent 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a method to evaluate the information obtained on harmonics calculations and to estimate the precision of results using finite element method for an innovative motor topology in which some well-known meshing rules are difficult to apply.

Design/methodology/approach
The same magnetostatic problem is solved with several mesh sizes using both scalar and vector potentials magnetics formulations on a complex topology, an axial claw pole motor (ACPM). The proposed method lies in a comparison between the two weak formulations to determine what information is obtained on harmonics calculations and to estimate its precision. Moreover, an original mesh method is applied in the air gap to improve the numerical results.

Findings
The precision on harmonics calculations using finite element method on an ACPM is estimated. For the proposed motor and mesh, only the mean value (even with large mesh) and the first harmonic (with fine mesh) of torque are calculated with a good accuracy. This results confirm that the non-respect of the meshing rules have a strong impact on the results and that scalar and vector potentials magnetics formulations do not give exactly the same results. Before using torque harmonics values in vibration calculations, a finite element model has to be validated by using both fomulations.

Research limitations/implications
This method is time-consuming and only applied on an ACPM in this work.

Originality/value
The axial claw pole motor, for which the classic meshing rules cannot be applied, is a complex topology very under-studied. To improve the calculation of space harmonics, the authors proposed to split the airgap into four parts. Then in the two central parts, the meshing step of the structured mesh is equal to the rotating step.
Exploration of the algebraic traveling wave solutions of a higher order model
Authors: Liu Jian-Gen , Feng Yi-Ying , Zhang Hong-Yi 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to construct the algebraic traveling wave solutions of the (3 + 1)-dimensional modified KdV-Zakharov-Kuznetsve (KdV-Z-K) equation, which can be usually used to express shallow water wave phenomena.Design/methodology/approachThe authors apply the planar dynamical systems and invariant algebraic cure approach to find the algebraic traveling wave solutions and rational solutions of the (3 + 1)-dimensional modified KdV-Z-K equation. Also, the planar dynamical systems and invariant algebraic cure approach is applied to considered equation for finding algebraic traveling wave solutions.FindingsAs a result, the authors can find that the integral constant is zero and non-zero, the algebraic traveling wave solutions have different evolutionary processes. These results help to better reveal the evolutionary mechanism of shallow water wave phenomena and find internal connections.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper presents that the implemented methods as a powerful mathematical tool deal with (3 + 1)-dimensional modified KdV-Z-K equation by using the planar dynamical systems and invariant algebraic cure.Practical implicationsBy considering important characteristics of algebraic traveling wave solutions, one can understand the evolutionary mechanism of shallow water wave phenomena and find internal connections.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, the algebraic traveling wave solutions have not been reported in other places. Finally, the algebraic traveling wave solutions nonlinear dynamics behavior was shown.
Indigenous need arise to protect human from self-harm behavior in Pakistan: translation and validation of inventory of statements about self-injury
Authors: Nisar Haseeb , Aqeel Muhammad , Ahmad Ammar 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the indigenous need to counter self-harm behavior in Pakistan and establish the reliability and validity of scale with translation, adaptation and cross-language validation of the inventory of statements about self-injury (ISAS) for future health studies (Klonsky and Glenn, 2009).

Design/methodology/approach
The present study was a cross-sectional study using a quantitative method. Response items rating is made from three-point Likert-type scales ranging from the 0-not relevant, 1-somewhat relevant or 2-very relevant. ISAS has been comprised of 13 potential functions of deliberate self-harm (DSH) and all subscales have been translated from the English language into the Urdu language with a sample of 30 individuals and further applied on 200 samples of DSH patients for factorial validation. The standard back-translation method was used for translation and adaptation of the scale (Anderson and Brislin, 1976; Brislin, 1976; Hambleton, 1994).

Findings
The overall scale has good internal consistency reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to confirm the factorial validity of ISAS. Results revealed that all the items have confirmed strong factorial validity in the context of Pakistani culture and quite helpful in hospital settings to address this health issue.

Originality/value
Self-harm is considered as a major health issue in the young population of the world and therefore, the investigated scale provides an assessment of DSH and intentions of performing self-injury to achieve a better understanding of such behaviors in DSH patients, which will help further to develop measures to prevent such behavior.
Joint design of control chart, production and maintenance policy for unreliable manufacturing systems
Authors: Bahria Nadia , Harbaoui Dridi Imen , Chelbi Anis , Bouchriha Hanen 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a joint production, maintenance and quality control strategy involving a periodic preventive maintenance policy.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed integrated policy is defined and modeled mathematically.FindingsThe paper focuses on finding simultaneously the optimal values of the preventive maintenance period, the buffer stock size, the sample size, the sampling interval and the control chart limits, such that the expected total cost per time unit is minimized.Practical implicationsThe paper attempts to integrate in a single model the three main aspects of any manufacturing system: production, maintenance and quality. The considered system consists of one machine subject to a degradation process that directly affects the quality of products. The process and product quality control is carried out using an “x-bar” control chart. In the proposed model, a preventive maintenance action is performed every α inspections of product quality in order to reduce the shift rate to the “out-of-control” state. A corrective maintenance action is undertaken once the control limits are exceeded. In order to palliate perturbations caused by the stopping of the machine to undergo maintenance actions, a buffer stock is built up to ensure the continuous supply of the subsequent machine. The main goal of this work is to develop a model that captures the underlying link between the preventive maintenance policy, the buffer stock size and the parameters of an “x-bar” control chart used to control the quality of the product. Numerical experiments and a study of the effects of the input parameters variation on the obtained results are performed.Originality/valueThe existing models that simultaneously consider maintenance, inventory and control charts consist of a condition-based maintenance (CBM) policy. Periodic preventive maintenance (PM) has not been considered in such models. The proposed integrated model is original, in that it links production through buffer stocks, quality through a control chart and maintenance through periodic preventive maintenance (different practical settings and modeling approach than when CBM is used). Hence, this paper addresses practical situations where, for economic or technical reasons, only systematic periodic preventive maintenance is possible.
Closing the strategic planning and implementation gap through excellence in the public sector: empirical investigation using SEM
Authors: Al-Dhaafri Hassan , Alosani Mohammed 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Strategic planning and strategy implementation are proposed to impact overall performance. However, the purpose of this study is to empirically examine the mediating effect of organisational excellence on the relationship between strategic planning, strategy implementation and organisational performance (OP).

Design/methodology/approach
Hypotheses have been developed for testing using primary data obtained through a survey questionnaire. The data were gathered from the Dubai police organisation. Out of a total of 500 questionnaires, only 244 questionnaires were returned. For measurement and structural models, the structural equation modelling (SEM) approach was used to analyse the data.

Findings
All proposed hypotheses were supported and confirmed the positive and significant relationships between strategic planning, strategy implementation, organisational excellence and OP. Statistical findings using SEM-partial least square also confirmed the mediating role of organisational excellence as a mechanism between strategic planning, strategy implementation and OP.

Practical implications
Results discussed many valuable implications. The outcomes will help managers, decision-makers and practitioners to consider organisational excellence strategy when implementing strategic planning process to achieve the best performance.

Originality/value
The current study is one of the most important empirical studies to analyse and examine the relationships between strategic planning, strategy implementation organisational excellence and business performance. In addition, this study is one the rare studies that involve excellence as a practice when implementing strategic planning process.
Consequences of the Israeli hydro-hegemony on the Jordanian water security
Authors: Irshaid Yousef Abd-Alraheem 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This study aims to test the role of the state of occupation, represented in Israel, as one of the most significant challenges, which faces the Jordanian water security. Where Israel expands in its policy and ideology everyday its hydro-hegemony over the Jordanian waters. Hence, its acts result in negative consequences on the Jordanian water and food security, which in turn affects the Jordanian national security as a whole.

Design/methodology/approach
This study relied on the following two approached to tackle its problem: first: descriptive approach: the descriptive approach depends on defining the apparent features and describing their nature and the type of the relationship between its variables. It aims to achieving a better and deeper understanding on the situation of its future policies and measures. And research uses the system analysis approach to handle the subject matter. Given the influence of water on the development, Jordan, as an organic or a political and social state, takes into account the reasons and causes of development. Jordan turns into an active political state, with water as an influencing factor on it. This premise represents the core of the system analysis approach.

Findings
The research concluded that the Israeli theft of the Jordanian waters is the main factor in the Jordanian water crisis. If Jordan had received its usurped water rights by Israel, it could have been able to solve its water issue represented in the increasing deficit in its water balance. Therefore, the Israeli hydro-hegemony on the Jordanian water resources caused the imbalance in its water security and, in turn, caused the development process to falter in general.

Originality/value
The value of the research lies in the fact that it addresses the most important reasons behind the water crisis in Jordan, represented in the Israeli control over the Jordanian water resources and the research shows that the amount of water stolen by Israel is enough to solve the water crisis in Jordan.