bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using rewards and penalties to promote sustainability: Who chooses incentive‐based electricity products and why?
Authors: Mahmoodi Jasmin , Hille Stefanie , Patel Martin K. , Brosch Tobias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIncentives, both rewards and punishments, are effective instruments that have been embedded in electricity product designs to reduce electricity consumption. Reducing electricity consumption can considerably contribute to climate change mitigation. To better understand consumer preferences for incentive‐based electricity products, a choice experiment using choice‐based conjoint analysis was conducted among a representative sample of Swiss electricity consumers. Based on stated preferences for different product attributes, four consumer segments were identified. While two segments (49.6%) stated preference for incentive‐based products, two other segments were less accepting of incentive components (particularly of penalties). We further explain the segments' preferences using psychographic characteristics, combining measures from psychology and behavioral economics. Precisely, environmental values and emotions, energy saving intentions and motives, perceived product attractiveness, as well as loss and risk aversion, and comparative optimism bias best described the segments. We align our findings with previous segmentation studies and argue for a stronger integration of behavioral economics in the environmental discourse. We further discuss the usefulness of consumer segmentation to develop tailored strategies that effectively target consumers' preferences and needs.
Synthesis and Toxicity of Halogenated Bisphenol Monosubstituted‐Ethers: Establishing a Library for Potential Environmental Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminant
Authors: Guo Rui , Cao Mengxi , Hu Ming , Deng Wenchao , Zhang Wenjuan , Gao Yangguang , Ye Shihan , Zhou Weixiang , Shi Jianbo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs an important branch of halogenated bisphenol compounds, the halogenated bisphenol monosubstituted‐ether compounds have received a lot of attention in environmental health science because of their toxicity and variability. In this study, a synthetic method for bisphenol monosubstituted‐ether byproduct libraries was developed. By using the versatile and efficient method, tetrachlorobisphenol A, tetrabromobisphenol A, and tetrabromobisphenol S monosubstituted alkyl‐ether compounds were accessed in 39–82 % yield. Subsequently, the cytotoxicity of 27 compounds were screened using three different cell lines (HepG2, mouse primary astrocytes and Chang liver cells). Compound 2,6‐dibromo‐4‐[3,5‐dibromo‐4‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)benzene‐1‐sulfonyl]phenol was more toxic than other compounds in various cells, and the sensitivity of this compound to the normal hepatocytes and cancer cells was inconsistent. The compounds 2,6‐dichloro‐4‐(2‐{3,5‐dichloro‐4‐[(prop‐2‐en‐1‐yl)oxy]phenyl}propan‐2‐yl)phenol and 2,6‐dibromo‐4‐(2‐{3,5‐dibromo‐4‐[(prop‐2‐en‐1‐yl)oxy]phenyl}propan‐2‐yl)phenol were the most toxic to HepG2 cells, and most of the other compounds inhibited cell proliferation. Moreover, typical compounds were also reproductive and developmental toxic to zebrafish embryos at different concentrations. The synthetic byproduct libraries could be used as pure standard compounds and applied in research on environmental behavior and the transformation of halogenated flame retardants.
Acute and medium term results of balloon expandable stent placement in the transverse arch—a multicenter pediatric interventional cardiology early career society study
Authors: Shahanavaz Shabana , Aldoss Osamah , Carr Kaitlin , Gordon Brent , Seckeler Michael D. , Hiremath Gurumurthy , Seaman Cameron , Zablah Jenny , Morgan Gareth 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectives and BackgroundCoarctation of the aorta represents 5–8% of all congenital heart disease. Although balloon expandable stents provide an established treatment option for native or recurrent coarctation, outcomes from transverse arch (TAO) stenting, including resolution of hypertension have not been well studied. This study aims to evaluate immediate and midterm results of TAO stenting in a multi‐center retrospective cohort.MethodsTAO stenting was defined as stent placement traversing any head and neck vessel, with the primary intention of treating narrowing in the transverse aorta. Procedural details, complications and medications were assessed immediately post procedure, at 6 month follow‐up and at most recent follow‐up.ResultsFifty‐seven subjects, 12 (21%) native, and 45 (79%) surgically repaired aortic arches, from seven centers were included. Median age was 14 years (4 days–42 years), median weight 54 kg (1.1–141 kg). After intervention, the median directly measured arch gradient decreased from 20 mmHg (0–57 mmHg) to 0 mmHg (0–23 mmHg) (p < .001). The narrowest arch diameter increased from 9 mm (1.4–16 mm) to 14 mm (2.9–25 mm) (p < .001), with a median increase of 4.9 mm (1.1–10.1 mm). One or more arch branches were covered by the stent in 55 patients (96%). There were no serious adverse events. Two patients warranted stent repositioning following migration during deployment. There were no late complications. There were 8 reinterventions, 7 planned, and 1 unplanned (6 catheterizations, 2 surgeries). Antihypertensive management was continued in 19 (40%) at a median follow‐up of 3.2 years (0.4–7.3 years).ConclusionsTAO stenting can be useful in selected patients for resolution of stenosis with minimal complications. This subset of patients are likely to continue on antihypertensive medications despite resolution of stenosis.
Amplatzer left atrial appendage closure: Single versus combined procedures
Authors: Kleinecke Caroline , Buffle Eric , Link Juergen , Häner Jonas , Sedaghat Alexander , Galea Roberto , Streit Samuel R. , Windecker Stephan , Meier Bernhard , Gloekler Steffen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study compares procedural and late clinical outcomes of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) with Amplatzer devices as a single versus a combined procedure with other structural or coronary interventions.BackgroundMultiple cardiac conditions are frequent among elderly patients and invite simultaneous treatment to ensure a favorable patient outcomes.Methods559 consecutive patients (73.3 ± 11.1 years) underwent LAAC with Amplatzer devices at two centres (Bern and Zurich university hospitals, Switzerland) either as a single procedure or combined with other interventions. The primary safety endpoint was a composite of major peri‐procedural complications and major bleeding at follow‐up, the primary efficacy endpoint included stroke, systemic embolism, and cardiovascular/unexplained death. All event rates are reported per 100 patient‐years.ResultsIn 263 single and 296 combined procedures with percutaneous coronary interventions (47.6%), closure of an atrial septal defect (8.4%) or a patent foramen ovale (36.5%), transcatheter aortic valve implantation (10.1%), mitral clipping (4.1%), atrial fibrillation ablation (8.8%), or another procedure (3.0%) were analyzed. Device success (96.6% [single] vs. 99.0% [combined], p = .08) did not differ between the groups. After a mean follow‐up of 2.6 ± 1.5 vs. 2.5 ± 1.5 years and a total of 1,422 patient‐years, the primary efficacy (40/677, 5.9% [single] vs. 37/745, 5.0% [combined]; HR, 1.2, 95% CI, 0.8–1.9, p = .44), as well as the primary safety endpoint (25/677, 3.7% vs 28/745, 3.8%; HR, 1.0, 95% CI, 0.6–1.8, p = .89) were comparable.ConclusionsLAAC with Amplatzer devices combined with structural, coronary, and electrophysiological procedures offers procedural feasibility and safety, as well as long‐term efficacy.
Long‐term follow‐up of insulin autoimmune syndrome in an elderly patient
Authors: Yoshino Hiroshi , Kawakami Kyoko , Kohriyama Kenji , Yoshino Gen , Matsunaga Shinji , Takechi Hajime 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn 84‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital. His blood glucose level was 20 mg/dL. Since laboratory tests showed high titers of insulin antibodies, insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) was diagnosed. In　order to avoid hypoglycemia, steroids can be effective in the long‐term management of IAS in elderly patients.
Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome: A rare diagnosis in children
Authors: Pallesen Kristine Appel Uldall , Herlin Troels , Holm Mette , Høst Christian , Christiansen Mette , Ramsing Mette , Rasmussen Mads Kirchheiner , Sommerlund Mette 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIdiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (IHES) is one of numerous hypereosinophilic syndromes. The incidence of IHES among children is unknown, but it is considered a rare disease. We report a pediatric case of IHES and the challenges to finding an effective treatment. The patient described here was responsive to prednisolone and thalidomide.
A rare skin infection in atopic dermatitis: A case report
Authors: Malara Giovanna , Trifirò Caterina , Bartolotta Annunziata , Conte Marco , Denisi Pietro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAtopic dermatitis is associated with a susceptibility to infection usually by Staphylococcus spp due to a decrease of AMPs and Th2 cytokines (eg, IL‐17). We reported a rare E. faecalis skin contamination in AD patients due to a frequent contact with excrement.
Treatment of cytokine storm syndrome with IL‐1 receptor antagonist anakinra in a patient with ARDS caused by COVID‐19 infection: A case report
Authors: Kaps Leonard , Labenz Christian , Grimm Daniel , Schwarting Andreas , Galle Peter R. , Schreiner Oliver 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe biological anakinra appears promising to halt cytokine storm syndrome seen in severe courses of COVID‐19. However, immunosuppression with anakinra may facilitate sepsis, necessitating continuous screening for bacterial superinfections.
Light‐chain amyloid myopathy isolated to skeletal muscles: A case report
Authors: Matsukawa Toshihiro , Eguchi Katsuki , Nishino Ichizo , Okada Kohei , Oshimi Kazuo , Miyagishima Takuto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIsolated amyloidosis, especially of amyloid light‐chain type, is an infrequent disease. Systemic chemotherapy for light‐chain amyloidosis isolated to skeletal muscles plays a key role to reduce clonal plasma cells producing aberrant immunoglobulin.
Tension pneumothorax in a patient with granulomatosis
Authors: Ahmadinejad Mojtaba , Afrasiabi Saman 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA woman with a clinical presentations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) has been presented. Tension pneumothorax has been rarely reported; however, it is a life‐threatening condition. Surgical intervention may be required in GPA patients who do not respond to chest tube insertion. Timely management can reduce the complication and mortality.
Carboxyl Methyltransferases: Natural Functions and Potential Applications in Industrial Biotechnology
Authors: Ward Lucy C. , McCue Hannah V. , Carnell Andrew J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of methyltransferases (MTs) in industrial biotechnology to replace toxic alkylating agents is of increasing interest. Carboxyl MTs (CMTs) are a subgroup of MTs that methylate the hydroxyl oxygen of carboxylic acids. Research initially focussed on their natural functions in protein regulation and production of volatile methyl esters in plants. In this review we highlight this potentially valuable group of enzymes that show promise for formation of a wide range of structurally diverse methyl esters from the parent acids under aqueous conditions. CMTs have been used to generate intermediates for biofuels, bioplastics and pharmaceuticals. These biocatalysts could also be integrated into cascades with other enzymes such as acyltransferases that function under aqueous conditions. Recent approaches for regenerating the required cofactor S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) are discussed including in vitro recycling, improvement in in vivo production and the use of more stable analogues. Advances in these areas will further improve the potential to use carboxyl MTs in industrial biotechnology.
Influence of Particle Size on the Performance of Polysulfone Magnetic Membranes for O2/N2 Separation
Authors: Raveshiyan Saba , Karimi-Sabet Javad , Hosseini Seyed Saeid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMagnetic mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) are fabricated using polysulfone (PSf) and iron oxide (Fe) for O2/N2 separation. The effects of Fe nanoparticle size and content on the performance of the membranes are investigated using a novel gas permeation unit in the presence of various magnetic fields. The results indicate that the O2 permeation is improved by adding Fe nanoparticles into the PSf matrix regardless of the particle size. Furthermore, the selectivity of PSf and PSf‐Fe membranes is considerably enhanced by applying a magnetic field during the permeation experiments. The O2 permeability and O2/N2 selectivity of PSf‐Fe50 MMMs in the presence of a magnetic field are higher than those of neat PSf membranes.
Designing Solid‐State Electrolytes through the Structural Modification of a High‐Performing Ionic Liquid
Authors: Al‐Masri Danah , Yunis Ruhamah , Hollenkamp Anthony F. , Pringle Jennifer M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSolid‐state electrolytes can address many of the challenges associated with lithium metal batteries, as they can suppress the reactivity of the lithium metal and reduce the growth of dendrites, which is a main cause of device failure. However, achieving sufficient target ion transport through solid electrolytes remains a challenge. Here we report the structural modification of a high‐performing ionic liquid to form a quasi‐solid state electrolyte. Thus, the organic ionic plastic crystal N‐isopropyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, [C(i3)mpyr][FSI], has been synthesized and, when mixed with lithium salt, is shown to have a similar lithium‐ion transference number as the analogous [C3mpyr][FSI] ionic‐liquid‐based electrolyte. Furthermore, high ionic conductivity and efficient lithium cycling are demonstrated for two quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes, one with the very high lithium salt content of 90 mol % LiFSI.
Numerical Deconvolution of Surface Interrogation Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Experiments on Platinum During Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Jantz Dylan T. , Seuferling Tess E. , Leonard Kevin C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is experimentally challenging to deconvolute the potential‐dependent adsorption of the different intermediates that occur during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media. This difficulty has limited our understanding regarding why the HER kinetics are more sluggish in alkaline media compared to acidic media. Herein, we utilized the surface interrogation mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SI‐SECM) to investigate the surface adsorbed species that form during the HER in alkaline media on polycrystalline platinum, Pt(poly). To deconvolute the different adsorbed intermediates, we developed a detailed COMSOL‐based kinetic model to rapidly simulate the SI‐SECM titration reactions under our experimental conditions. Utilization of this rapid‐kinetic model overcomes the limitation of SI‐SECM not having the ability to simultaneously resolve multiple surface adsorbed intermediates. We demonstrate that these numerical simulations can separate the potential dependant formation of the underpotential deposition of hydrogen (H(UPD)) from the overpotential deposition (H(OPD)) of hydrogen. In addition, our simulations show that a spectator species may also exist on the surface during HER potentials. Our simulations also show that at full H2‐producing potentials, the surface of Pt(poly) is fully saturated with intermediates. Comparison between the potential‐dependent adsorption of H(OPD) and Tafel analysis reveal that the Heyrovsky step is likely rate‐determining in alkaline media. However, in alkaline media the Heyrovsky step transitions from first‐order in H(OPD) at low H(OPD) coverage to zero‐order at high H(OPD) coverage, due to surface saturation of adsorbed intermediates. Tafel analysis in acidic media shows that the Heyrovsky step is likely rate‐determining, but remains first‐order in Had over a larger potential range. These fundamental insights reveal that a sluggish Heyrovsky step is a major contributor to the attenuated kinetics of the HER in alkaline media.
The Role of Fluorine in Glycomimetic Drug Design
Authors: Hevey Rachel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlycans are well established to play important roles at various stages of infection and disease, and ways to modulate these interactions have been sought as novel therapies. The use of native glycan structures has met with limited success, which can be attributed to their characteristic high polarity (e.g., low binding affinities) and inherently poor pharmacokinetic properties (e.g., short drug–target residence times, rapid renal excretion), leading to the development of ′glycomimetics′. Fluorinated drugs have become increasingly common over recent decades, with fluorinated glycomimetics offering some unique advantages. Deoxyfluorination maintains certain electrostatic interactions, while concomitantly reducing net polarity through ′polar hydrophobicity′, improving residence times and binding affinities. Fluorination destabilizes the oxocarbenium transition state associated with metabolic degradation, and can restore exo‐ and endo‐anomeric effects in C‐glycosides and carbasugars. Lastly, it has shown great utility in radiotracer development and enhancement of antigenicity in glycan‐based vaccines. Owing to synthetic challenges, fluorinated glycomimetics have been somewhat underutilized to date, but methodological improvements will advance their use in glycomimetic drugs.
Redox‐Mediated Alcohol Oxidation Coupled to Hydrogen Gas Formation in a Dye‐Sensitized Photosynthesis Cell
Authors: Bruggeman Didjay F. , Bakker Tijmen M. A. , Mathew Simon , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work reports a dye‐sensitized photoelectrochemical cell (DSPEC) that couples redox‐mediated light‐driven oxidative organic transformations to reductive hydrogen (H2) formation. The DSPEC photoanode consists of a mesoporous anatase TiO2 film on FTO (fluorine‐doped tin oxide), sensitized with the thienopyrroledione‐based dye AP11, while H2 was formed at a FTO‐Pt cathode. Irradiation of the dye‐sensitized photoanode transforms 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine 1‐oxyl (TEMPO) to the oxidized TEMPO (TEMPO+), which acts as a chemical oxidant for the conversion of benzyl alcohol. The TEMPO0/+ couple, previously used as redox mediator in DSSC, mediates efficient electron transfer from the organic substrate to the photo‐oxidized dye. A DSPEC photoreactor was designed that allows in situ monitoring the reaction progress by infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Sustained light‐driven oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde within the DSPEC photoreactor, using of TEMPO as mediator, demonstrated the efficiency of the device, with a photocurrent of 0.4 mA cm−2, approaching quantitative Faradaic efficiency and exhibiting excellent device stability.
Divergent Asymmetric Reactions of ortho‐Quinone Methides with α‐Thiocyanato Indanones for the Synthesis of Spiro‐ and Fused‐Indanones
Authors: Liu Xianghui , Wang Kai , Liu Yan , Li Can 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReported in this work is a water triggered chemo‐divergent enantioselective spiro‐annulation and cascade reaction of ortho‐quinone methides (o‐QMs) with α‐thiocyanato indanones catalyzed by a chiral organic base. In the case of spiro‐annulation, the use of trace amount of water as additive is critical to achieve high enantioselectivity (up to 96 % ee). We found that a cascade reaction was enabled by just tuning the ratio of water in solvent. Accordingly, two new highly efficient asymmetric reactions for the divergent synthesis of spiro‐ and fused‐indanone scaffolds with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee) were developed. Mechanistic investigations suggest that interfacial hydrogen bonding may play an important role in achieving the switchable reaction pathways.
Clar Goblet and Aromaticity Driven Multiradical Nanographenes
Authors: Gil‐Guerrero Sara , Melle‐Franco Manuel , Peña‐Gallego Ángeles , Mandado Marcos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Clar Goblet, the first radical bowtie nanographene proposed by Erich Clar nearly 50 years ago, was recently synthesized. Bowtie nanographenes present quasi‐degenerate magnetic ground states, which make them so elusive as unique. A thorough analysis is presented of the spin‐state energetics of Clar Goblet and bowtie nanographenes by a battery of existing and novel ab initio procedures ranging from density functional theory to complete active space Hamiltonians. With this, it was proven that π radicals of bowtie nanographenes sit on BP (Benzo[cd]Pyrene) moieties driven by their local aromaticity, a purely chemical concept, which confers global stability to the whole structure. Besides, a novel Pauli energy densities analysis provided a visual intuitive explanation for this preference. These findings allow envisioning that analogous bowtie nanographenes with arbitrary polyradical character are not only feasible at the molecular scale but will share Clar Goblet's peculiar properties.
Regioselective Formation of Substituted Indoles: Formal Synthesis of Lysergic Acid
Authors: Points Gary L. , Stout Kenneth T. , Beaudry Christopher M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA Diels–Alder reaction‐based strategy for the synthesis of indoles and related heterocycles is reported. An intramolecular cycloaddition of alkyne‐tethered 3‐aminopyrones gives 4‐substituted indolines in good yield and with complete regioselectivity. Additional substitution is readily tolerated in the transformation, allowing synthesis of complex and non‐canonical substitution patterns. Oxidative conditions give the corresponding indoles. The strategy also allows the synthesis of carbazoles. The method was showcased in a formal synthesis of lysergic acid.
Transient Optimization of Coproduction Systems for Steel and Value‐Added Chemicals
Authors: van Beek Mathias , Sadlowski Matthias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA mixed‐integer linear programming model for methanol production from steelmaking byproduct gases is presented, considering dynamic constraints of process units. Renewable energy is used to produce hydrogen for the process via electrolysis. A case study incorporates dynamic market prices and the CO2 footprint of the electric power consumption, revealing a CO2 saving potential of 18.5 % for the scenarios and configurations studied. The results indicate that upgrading the model to a design optimization in the future will increase savings.
Wiederbefeuchtung bei der Pressfiltration
Authors: Mazzi Fabio , Krammer Gernot 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBei der Pressfiltration kann es neben einer plastischen Verformung des Kuchens auch zu einer Volumenvergrößerung des Kuchens kommen, wenn die mechanischen Kräfte reduziert werden, wie Versuche mit einer wässrigen Kohlesuspension zeigen. Ist der Kuchen während dieses Vorgangs mit einem Flüssigkeitsfilm in Kontakt, tritt eine Wiederbefeuchtung des Kuchens ein und der Trockengehalt des Kuchens sinkt. Wenn ein konsequentes Abführen der Flüssigkeit gelingt, kann der Trockengehalt signifikant gesteigert mit einem niedrigeren Pressdruck das Auslangen gefunden werden.