bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parity‐Time Symmetry in Non‐Hermitian Complex Optical Media
Authors: Gupta Samit Kumar , Zou Yi , Zhu Xue‐Yi , Lu Ming‐Hui , Zhang Li‐Jian , Liu Xiao‐Ping , Chen Yan‐Feng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe exploration of quantum‐inspired symmetries in optical and photonic systems has witnessed immense research interest both fundamentally and technologically in a wide range of subject areas in physics and engineering. One of the principal emerging fields in this context is non‐Hermitian physics based on parity‐time symmetry, originally proposed in the studies pertaining to quantum mechanics and quantum field theory and recently ramified into a diverse set of areas, particularly in optics and photonics. The intriguing physical effects enabled by non‐Hermitian physics and PT symmetry have enhanced significant application prospects and engineering of novel materials. In addition, there has been increasing research interest in many emerging directions beyond optics and photonics. Here, the state‐of‐the art developments in the field of complex non‐Hermitian physics based on PT symmetry in various physical settings are brought together, and key concepts, a background, and a detailed perspective on new emerging directions are described. It can be anticipated that this trendy field of interest will be indispensable in providing new perspectives in maneuvering the flow of light in the diverse physical platforms in optics, photonics, condensed matter, optoelectronics, and beyond, and will offer distinctive application prospects in novel functional materials.
Atomic‐Scale Metal–Insulator Transition in SrRuO3 Ultrathin Films Triggered by Surface Termination Conversion
Authors: Lee Han Gyeol , Wang Lingfei , Si Liang , He Xiaoyue , Porter Daniel G. , Kim Jeong Rae , Ko Eun Kyo , Kim Jinkwon , Park Sung Min , Kim Bongju , Wee Andrew Thye Shen , Bombardi Alessandro , Zhong Zhicheng , Noh Tae Won 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe metal–insulator transition (MIT) in transition‐metal‐oxide is fertile ground for exploring intriguing physics and potential device applications. Here, an atomic‐scale MIT triggered by surface termination conversion in SrRuO3 ultrathin films is reported. Uniform and effective termination engineering at the SrRuO3(001) surface can be realized via a self‐limiting water‐leaching process. As the surface termination converts from SrO to RuO2, a highly insulating and nonferromagnetic phase emerges within the topmost SrRuO3 monolayer. Such a spatially confined MIT is corroborated by systematic characterizations on electrical transport, magnetism, and scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculations and X‐ray linear dichroism further suggest that the surface termination conversion breaks the local octahedral symmetry of the crystal field. The resultant modulation in 4d orbital occupancy stabilizes a nonferromagnetic insulating surface state. This work introduces a new paradigm to stimulate and tune exotic functionalities of oxide heterostructures with atomic precision.
MoS2 and Perylene Derivative Based Type‐II Heterostructure: Bandgap Engineering and Giant Photoluminescence Enhancement
Authors: Obaidulla Sk Md , Habib Mohammad Rezwan , Khan Yahya , Kong Yuhan , Liang Tao , Xu Mingsheng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a promising material system for optoelectronic applications. However, their key figure of merit, the room‐temperature photoluminescence (PL), is extremely low. To overcome this challenge, TMDs need interfacing with other semiconducting materials and discover the underlying physical phenomena. Herein, the optical properties and PL mechanisms of molybdenum disulfide‐organic perylene derivative (PDI/MoS2) based type‐II heterostructures, i.e., PTCDA/MoS2 and PTCDI‐Ph/MoS2, are studied experimentally and theoretically. The PL of MoS2 in PTCDA/MoS2 is enhanced, while a dramatic PL quenching of MoS2 is observed on PTCDI‐Ph/MoS2. The significant radiative PL enhancement of PTCDA/MoS2 is primarily due to the bandgap reduction, high exciton/trion ratio, and epitaxial growth of PTCDA. In contrast, “trap‐like” states in heterointerface, relatively low exciton/trion ratio, and less ordered morphology are responsible for PL quenching of PTCDI‐Ph/MoS2 heterostructure. These findings would provoke a new way to engineer the light‐matter interactions in organic/TMD hybrids, which enables light‐emitting, light‐harvesting applications, and neuromorphic devices.
Nanoscale Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly and Microscale Polymer Film Dewetting: Progress in Understanding the Role of Interfacial Energies in the Formation of Hierarchical Nanostructures
Authors: Brassat Katharina , Lindner Jörg K. N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBlock copolymer (BCP) self‐assembly (SA) can be exploited for next‐generation lithography for the advanced nanopatterning of surfaces with versatile nanoscale features. To render BCP‐SA suitable for the creation of tailored surface patterns, a fundamental understanding of interfacial interactions is crucial. This progress report gives an overview on the interplay of BCP microscale film thickness modulation and nanoscale microphase separation during BCP‐SA. Light is shed on the role of interfacial energies in both events. Microscale processes determining the topography of BCP films, i.e., hole/island formation and dewetting into droplets, are presented. Nanoscale microphase separation into energetically favorable pattern orientations in dependency on the polymer film thickness and influenced by surface polarities are discussed critically. Finally, examples are shown in which the combination of microscale dewetting and nanoscale microphase separation are exploited to create hierarchical nanostructures from BCPs. An outlook is given presenting successful applications of both mechanisms on prepatterned surfaces in order to control position and morphology of the hierarchical nanostructures. This approach is particularly promising for the creation of advanced surface architectures.
Regulating Voltage Window and Energy Density of Aqueous Asymmetric Supercapacitors by Pinecone‐Like Hollow Fe2O3/MnO2 Nano‐Heterostructure
Authors: Chen Lingfang , Huang Jun , Zeng Rong , Xiong Yushuai , Wei Junchao , Yuan Kai , Chen Yiwang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAqueous asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) are promising candidates for energy storage device because of their advanced merits of high power density, long cycling life, nontoxicity, and low cost. However, the energy density of the aqueous ASCs is still limited by the low operating voltage windows and the unmatchable capacitances of cathode and anode. Herein, pinecone‐like hollow Fe2O3/MnO2 nano‐heterostructures (Fe2O3/MnO2 NHs) cathode is developed with high potential window (0–1.2 V) and specific capacitance (297 F g−1 at 1 A g−1). Owing to the opposite operating voltage windows and similar capacitances value of the Fe2O3/MnO2 NHs as cathode and reduced graphene oxide/Fe2O3 (rGO/Fe2O3) aerogels as anode (−1.1 to 0 V, 274 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), the assembled Fe2O3/MnO2//rGO/Fe2O3 aqueous ASCs deliver a wide voltage window up to 2.4 V and a high energy density of 57.0 Wh kg−1. The as‐fabricated ASC also presents outstanding cycling stability (with 88.9% retention after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g−1) and well rate performance. Moreover, Fe2O3/MnO2//rGO/Fe2O3 all‐solid‐state ASC exhibits excellent voltage window (2.3 V), capacitance, and ratability. Thus, this study provides a novel approach for constructing high‐voltage aqueous ASC with high energy density.
Hybrid Ni@ZnO@ZnS‐Microalgae for Circular Economy: A Smart Route to the Efficient Integration of Solar Photocatalytic Water Decontamination and Bioethanol Production
Authors: Serrà Albert , Artal Raül , García‐Amorós Jaume , Sepúlveda Borja , Gómez Elvira , Nogués Josep , Philippe Laetitia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWater remediation and development of carbon‐neutral fuels are a priority for the evermore industrialized society. The answer to these challenges should be simple, sustainable, and inexpensive. Thus, biomimetic‐inspired circular and holistic processes combing water remediation and biofuel production can be an appealing concept to deal with these global issues. A simple circular approach using helical Spirulina platensis microalgae as biotemplates to synthesize Ni@ZnO@ZnS photocatalysts for efficient solar water decontamination and bioethanol production during the recycling process is presented. Under solar irradiation, the Ni@ZnO@ZnS‐Spirulina photocatalyst exhibits enhanced activity (mineralization efficiency >99%) with minimal photocorrosion and excellent reusability. At the end of its effective lifetime for water remediation, the microalgae skeleton (mainly glycogen and glucose) of the photocatalyst is recycled to directly produce bioethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process. An outstanding ethanol yield of 0.4 L kg−1, which is similar to the highest yield obtained from oxygenic photosynthetic microorganisms, is obtained. Thus, the entire process allows effective solar photocatalytic water remediation and bioethanol production at room temperature using simple and easily scalable procedures that simultaneously fixes carbon dioxide, thereby constituting a zero‐carbon‐emission circular process.
Marginalized Identities, Trump‐Related Distress, and the Mental Health of Underrepresented College Students
Authors: Albright Jamie Nicole , Hurd Noelle M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe current study sought to determine whether holding targeted marginalized identities was associated with greater experiences of distress related to Trump's presidency and whether participants’ level of Trump‐related distress predicted decrements in mental health. Participants in the current longitudinal study included 338 underrepresented college students attending a predominantly White institution. Results indicated that individuals who held targeted marginalized identities reported greater Trump‐related distress compared to their non‐targeted counterparts, and that holding multiple targeted marginalized identities was associated with greater levels of Trump‐related distress. Findings also indicated that Trump‐related distress was associated with increases (relative to previous trajectories) in anxious but not depressive symptoms. Overall, our results suggest that a shift in sociopolitical circumstances that promulgates bigotry may be harmful to those who possess targeted marginalized identities.
Industrial exoskeletons: Need for intervention effectiveness research
Authors: Howard John , Murashov Vladimir V. , Lowe Brian D. , Lu Ming‐Lun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExoskeleton devices are being introduced across several industry sectors to augment, amplify, or reinforce the performance of a worker's existing body components—primarily the lower back and the upper extremity. Industrial exoskeletons may play a role in reducing work‐related musculoskeletal disorders arising from lifting and handling heavy materials or from supporting heavy tools in overhead work. However, wearing an exoskeleton may pose a number of risks that are currently not well‐studied. There are only a few studies about the safety and health implications of wearable exoskeletons and most of those studies involve only a small number of participants. Before the widespread implementation of industrial exoskeletons occurs, there is need for prospective interventional studies to evaluate the safety and health effectiveness of exoskeletons across various industry sectors. Developing a research strategy to fill current safety and health knowledge gaps, understanding the benefits, risks, and barriers to adoption of industrial exoskeletons, determining whether exoskeleton can be considered a type of personal protective equipment, and advancing consensus standards that address exoskeleton safety, should be major interests of both the occupational safety and health research and practice communities.
Silk fibroin membranes with self‐assembled globular structures for controlled drug release
Authors: Tomoda Bruno Thorihara , Corazza Fulvio Gabriel , Beppu Marisa Masumi , Lopes Patricia Santos , de Moraes Mariana Agostini 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we have evaluated the incorporation of a drug model and its release from silk fibroin (SF) membranes, analyzing the morphological, chemical, barrier, and biological properties. SF self‐assembled into stable globular structures, encapsulating the drug, when diclofenac sodium (DS) was incorporated into SF solution prior to membranes preparation. The membranes showed biostatic action and prevented microorganism permeation. Kinetic studies indicate that DS was released in 120 min, with Fickian diffusion as the main mechanism of release. Results of this paper emphasize the potential of SF in wound healing, with good barrier and biological properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48763.
On the fractional optimal control problems with a general derivative operator
Authors: Jajarmi Amin , Baleanu Dumitru 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper deals with a general form of fractional optimal control problems involving the fractional derivative with singular or non‐singular kernel. The necessary conditions for the optimality of these problems are derived and a new numerical method is designed to solve these equations effectively. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method works well and provides satisfactory results with regard to accuracy and computational effort. Comparative results also verify that a particular case with Mittag‐Leffler kernel improves the performance of the controlled system in terms of the transient response compared to the other fractional‐ and integer‐order derivatives.
Verbundverhalten besandeter basaltfaserverstärkter Kunststoffbewehrung
Authors: Hofmann Sebastian , Proske Tilo , Graubner Carl‐Alexander 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDer nachfolgende Beitrag beinhaltet experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Verbundverhalten von Bewehrungsstäben aus unterschiedlichen Materialien sowie Oberflächenbeschaffenheiten in Beton. Der Fokus der Untersuchungen liegt dabei auf einer neuartigen Bewehrung aus basaltfaserverstärktem Kunststoff mit schwacher Profilierung und grobkörniger Besandung. Im Rahmen eines Versuchsprogramms wurden sog. Pull‐out‐Versuche durchgeführt und dabei die Betonfestigkeit, die Betonierrichtung sowie die Verbundlänge variiert, um deren Einfluss auf die mittlere Verbundspannung zu untersuchen. Auf Grundlage der Versuchsergebnisse konnte ein Modell zur Erfassung der Verbundspannungs‐Schlupfbeziehung für die untersuchten Stäbe abgeleitet werden, welches als Grundlage für die vereinfachte Berechnung der Rissbreiten, Rissabstände und die Verankerungslänge in Betonbauteilen dienen kann.
An Evolutionary Perspective on Sedentary Behavior
Authors: Speakman John R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMost people are aware of the health benefits of being physically active. The question arises then why people so easily fall into sedentary habits. The idea developed here is that sedentary behavior is part of a suite of behaviors to reduce levels of physical activity that were strongly selected in the evolutionary past, likely because high levels of physical activity had direct negative consequences for survival. However, hunter‐gatherer populations could not reduce activity indefinitely because of the need to be active to hunt for, and gather food. Hence they never experienced low levels of activity that are damaging to health, and no corresponding mechanism avoiding low activity evolved. Consequently, gene variants promoting efficiency of activity and increased sedentariness were never selected against. Modern society facilitates reduced activity by providing many options to become less active and divorcing food intake from the need to be active. Choosing the less active option is hard wired in the genes; this explains why being sedentary is so common, and why reversing it is so difficult. Incentivizing activity may be enabled using modern technology, but ultimately may only end up replacing one set of health issues with others. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/ekHbUwPw-v4.
Concordance of PD‐1 and PD‐L1 (B7‐H1) in paired primary and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Eckel‐Passow Jeanette E. , Ho Thai H. , Serie Daniel J. , Cheville John C. , Houston Thompson R. , Costello Brian A. , Dong Haidong , Kwon Eugene D. , Leibovich Bradley C. , Parker Alexander S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies noted discordance of programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) and one of its ligands (PD‐L1) across patient‐matched primary and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). There are inconsistencies if the primary or metastatic tumor has higher expression, and whether metastatic tumor expression is associated with patient outcome. Thus, we examined PD‐1 and PD‐L1 in patient‐matched tumors using a large number of ccRCC patients with long follow‐up.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed PD‐1 and PD‐L1 using immunohistochemistry in patient‐matched primary and metastatic tumors from 110 ccRCC patients. Concordance was assessed among longitudinal metastatic tumors, as well as across patient‐matched primary and metastatic tumors. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the associations of metastatic tumor expression with cancer‐specific survival.ResultsWe observed inter‐metastatic tumor heterogeneity of PD‐1 in 25 (69%) of the 36 patients and of PD‐L1 in seven (19%) patients. Concordance between patient‐matched primary and metastatic tumors was 73% (Kappa = 0.16, 95% CI: −0.003‐0.32). Similarly, concordance of PD‐L1 between metastatic and patient‐matched primary tumors was 78% (Kappa = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09‐0.46). Both markers demonstrated higher expression in primary vs metastatic tumors. Metastatic tumor expression of PD‐1 was significantly associated with metastatic location (P < .0001) and ccRCC‐specific survival (HR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.06‐4.36, P = .035).ConclusionsThe expression of PD‐1 and PD‐L1 is discordant across patient‐matched ccRCC tumors, with higher expression in primary tumors. Higher PD‐1 expression was associated with metastatic location and lower cancer‐specific survival. If validated, these results highlight the importance of evaluating these biomarkers in metastatic tissue specifically.
LINC01436, regulating miR‐585 and FBXO11, is an oncogenic lncRNA in the progression of gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yang Guangyong , He Xiaogu , Chen Shi , Zhang Fan , Fang Xiangming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAccumulating studies have indicated that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial modulators in cancer biology. In this work, we investigated the function and related mechanisms of LINC01436 in the progression of gastric cancer (GC). We demonstrated that LINC01436 was significantly up‐regulated in cancerous tissues of GC samples, and its overexpression was correlated with a worse prognosis for the patients. In the GC cell line BGC823 cells, LINC01436 knockdown repressed the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells; conversely, in GC cell line AGS cells, overexpression of LINC01436 showed the opposite effects. We then demonstrated that miR‐585, a tumor suppressor, could bind to both LINC01436 and the 3′‐UTR of F‐box protein 11 (FBOX11), and LINC01436 was proved to sponge miR‐585 and repress it, and indirectly promoted the expression of FBOX11. Collectively, these results suggested that LINC01436 was an oncogenic lncRNA in GC and promoted proliferation and metastasis of GC cell via regulating miR‐585 and FBOX11.
A New Redox Mediator (Cupric‐Neocuproine Complex)‐ Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode for the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of H2O2: A Flow Injection Amperometric Sensor
Authors: Emir Gamze , Dilgin Yusuf , Apak Reşat 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces the cupric‐neocuproine complex ([Cu(Nc)2]2+) as a new redox mediator for the electrocatalytic oxidation of H2O2. For this purpose, [Cu(Nc)2]2+ was modified onto a disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) surface by using Nafion (Nf) as a cation‐exchange membrane for the effective adsorption of complex. The modified electrode was prepared by immersing Nf‐adsorbed PGE into [Cu(Nc)2]2+ complex solution (0.40 mM of Cu2+ and 0.80 mM of Nc prepared at pH 4.76 in 0.10 M acetate buffer). SEM images and EDX spectra of electrodes were presented for the elucidation of their surface morphologies. Cyclic voltammetric results showed that H2O2 was electrocatalytically oxidized at [Cu(Nc)2]2+/Nf/PGE, because both the increase in current and the potential shift to a more negative direction were observed for oxidation of H2O2 at [Cu(Nc)2]2+/Nf/PGE in comparison to bare PGE. Then, the electrocatalytic activity of [Cu(Nc)2]2+/Nf/PGE toward H2O2 oxidation was utilized for amperometric determination of H2O2 in flow injection analysis (FIA) system. Flow injection (FI) amperometric studies showed two linear calibration ranges (1.0‐1000.0 μM (R2=0.9958) and 1000.0‐10000.0 μM (R2=0.9902) with a detection limit of 0.4 μM H2O2 which is considered good for electroanalytical determinations, especially for electrocatalytic oxidation. To test the applicability of the developed FI amperometric hydrogen peroxide sensor, H2O2 contents of some relevant samples were determined.
Direct estimation of differential networks under high‐dimensional nonparanormal graphical models
Authors: Zhang Qingyang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn genomics, it is often of interest to study the structural change of a genetic network between two phenotypes. Under Gaussian graphical models, the problem can be transformed to estimating the difference between two precision matrices, and several approaches have been recently developed for this task such as joint graphical lasso and fused graphical lasso. However, the multivariate Gaussian assumptions made in the existing approaches are often violated in reality. For instance, most RNA‐Seq data follow non‐Gaussian distributions even after log‐transformation or other variance‐stabilizing transformations. In this work, we consider the problem of directly estimating differential networks under a flexible semiparametric model, namely the nonparanormal graphical model, where the random variables are assumed to follow a multivariate Gaussian distribution after a set of monotonically increasing transformations. We propose to use a novel rank‐based estimator to directly estimate the differential network, together with a parametric simplex algorithm for fast implementation. Theoretical properties of the new estimator are established under a high‐dimensional setting where grows with almost exponentially fast. In particular, we show that the proposed estimator is consistent in both parameter estimation and support recovery. Both synthetic data and real genomic data are used to illustrate the promise of the new approach.The Canadian Journal of Statistics48: 187–203; 2020 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada