bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does a Rural Community‐Based Intervention Improve Knowledge and Attitudes of Opioid Use Disorder and Medication‐Assisted Treatment? A Report From the IT MATTTRs Study
Authors: Curcija Kristen , Zittleman Linda , Fisher Mary , Nease Donald E. , Dickinson L. Miriam , de la Cerda Dionisia , Sutter Christin , Ancona Jen , Rank James , Westfall John M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeUnderstanding knowledge of and attitudes toward medication‐assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder (OUD) is important to changing the conversation about this devastating public health problem. While several studies report clinician knowledge and attitudes and training, less is known about community member perspectives. As part of the Implementing Technology and Medication Assisted Treatment Team Training in Rural Colorado study (IT MATTTRs), this study describes the implementation of community‐based interventions developed by rural community members and researchers to increase awareness and promote positive attitudes toward MAT for OUD and explores changes in community members’ OUD and MAT knowledge and beliefs.MethodsUsing the Boot Camp Translation process, the High Plains Research Network and Colorado Research Network MAT Advisory Councils developed multicomponent interventions on MAT for OUD. Baseline and postintervention surveys were administered using venue‐based sampling of community members in rural communities.FindingsSurveys were completed by 789 community members at baseline and 798 at postintervention. Nearly half (49%) reported exposure to at least 1 intervention product. Greater exposure to intervention materials was associated with beliefs that using opioids to get high in rural communities is a problem (P < .0001), that opioid addiction is a chronic disease (P = .0032), and that OUD can be treated locally (P = .0003).ConclusionsPartnering with local community members resulted in the successful development and implementation of community‐based interventions, exposure to which was associated with OUD knowledge and beliefs. Locally created interventions should be included in comprehensive approaches to stem the OUD epidemic.
H‐NS‐like proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa coordinately silence intragenic transcription
Authors: Lippa Andrew M. , Gebhardt Michael J. , Dove Simon L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe H‐NS‐like proteins MvaT and MvaU act coordinately as global repressors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by binding to AT‐rich regions of the chromosome. Although cells can tolerate loss of either protein, identifying their combined regulatory effects has been challenging because the loss of both proteins is lethal due to induction of prophage Pf4 and subsequent superinfection of the cell. In other bacteria, H‐NS promotes the cellular fitness by inhibiting intragenic transcription from AT‐rich target regions, preventing them from sequestering RNA polymerase; however, it is not known whether MvaT and MvaU function similarly. Here, we utilize a parental strain that cannot be infected by Pf4 phage to define the collective MvaT and MvaU regulon and demonstrate that the combined loss of both MvaT and MvaU leads to increased intragenic transcription from loci directly controlled by these proteins. We further show that the loss of MvaT and MvaU leads to a striking redistribution of RNA polymerase containing σ70 to genomic regions vacated by these proteins. Our findings suggest that the ability of H‐NS‐like proteins to repress intragenic transcription is a universal function of these proteins and point to a second mechanism by which MvaT and MvaU may contribute to the growth of P. aeruginosa.
Poor sleep quality and oral health among older Brazilian adults
Authors: Bof de Andrade Fabíola , Watt Richard G. , Lima‐Costa Maria Fernanda , de Oliveira Cesar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluates the association between normative and subjective oral health measures and poor self‐reported sleep quality among community‐dwelling older adults in Brazil.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study with data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging. The dependent variable was the poor sleep quality. Independent variables of interest included number of teeth and self‐reported impact of oral health on eating/chewing and on maintaining emotional stability.ResultsPoor sleep quality was reported by 17.8 (95% CI 16.6; 19.2) of the participants, 29% of the participants were edentulous, and 30% had 20 or more teeth. Impacts of oral health on eating and maintaining emotional stability was found among 33.3% and 20% of the older adults, respectively. After adjusting for all oral health measures and covariates, the magnitude of the associations between the number of teeth and sleep quality was attenuated. Sleep quality was related to oral health impacts on eating (OR 1.19 [95% CI 1.00; 1.41]) and on emotional stability (OR 1.51 [95% CI 1.21; 1.87]).ConclusionsThis study found an association between oral health and sleep quality emphasizing the importance of oral health to general health.
Development and evaluation of deep learning for screening dental caries from oral photographs
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Liang Yuan , Li Wen , Liu Chao , Gu Deao , Sun Weibin , Miao Leiying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo develop and evaluate the performance of a deep learning system based on convolutional neural network (ConvNet) to detect dental caries from oral photographs.Methods3,932 oral photographs obtained from 625 volunteers with consumer cameras were included for the development and evaluation of the model. A deep ConvNet was developed by adapting from Single Shot MultiBox Detector. The hard negative mining algorithm was applied to automatically train the model. The model was evaluated for: (i) classification accuracy for telling the existence of dental caries from a photograph and (ii) localization accuracy for locations of predicted dental caries.ResultsThe system exhibited a classification area under the curve (AUC) of 85.65% (95% confidence interval: 82.48% to 88.71%). The model also achieved an image‐wise sensitivity of 81.90%, and a box‐wise sensitivity of 64.60% at a high‐sensitivity operating point. The hard negative mining algorithm significantly boosted both classification (p < .001) and localization (p < .001) performance of the model by reducing false‐positive predictions.ConclusionsThe deep learning model is promising to detect dental caries on oral photographs captured with consumer cameras. It can be useful for enabling the preliminary and cost‐effective screening of dental caries among large populations.
Fear of being single priming predicts maladaptive relationship pursuits
Authors: Spielmann Stephanie S. , Cantarella Isabel A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe tested a priming paradigm for inducing fear of being single, and explored its causal role on longing for ex‐partners and settling for less. In Studies 1 and 2, fear of being single was primed by focusing on positive/negative aspects of singlehood/relationships. In Study 3, the paradigm focused only on the positive/negative aspects of singlehood and included a no‐task control. Across studies, focusing on negative aspects of singlehood produced greater fear of being single than focusing on positive aspects, an effect that appears to be driven by the negative focus. Mixed effects emerged when focusing on relationships. Supporting a causal effect, fear of being single prompted by the priming task predicted longing for ex‐partners and willingness to settle for less.
How partner‐satisfying decisions benefit relationships: An experience sampling study
Authors: Peetz Johanna , Milyavskaya Marina , Kammrath Lara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSometimes, individuals must choose between acting in a way that satisfies their own desire or acting in a way that satisfies their partner's desire. What are the consequences of choosing one over the other for individuals' well‐being and relationship? Using experience sampling data (934 reports by 106 participants) that assessed daily decision conflicts in relationships, we examined consequences of partner‐satisfying decisions. A higher proportion of partner‐satisfying decisions predicted more perceived needs fulfillment and marginally higher perceived relationship quality over the course of a week. Additionally, immediately after the partner‐satisfying decision, participants reported feeling closer to their partner, and reported more positive and less negative affect, even when controlling for the quality of the relationship.
Internal split liver transplants reduce the waiting list time for teenagers with a low calculated Model for End‐stage Liver Disease score
Authors: Lemoine Caroline , Brandt Katherine , Carlos Caicedo Juan , Superina Riccardo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSplit liver transplantation allows for the simultaneous transplantation of two patients, typically a child and an adult, with a single organ. We report our experience with “internal splits” in which 10 pediatric patients from our institution were transplanted with five organs. We hypothesized that this would reduce the WL time for teenagers with a low calculated MELD score.MethodsA retrospective chart review of those 10 patients was done. Their WL time was compared with local, regional, and national data. P < .05 was considered significant.ResultsThe median age of the five primary recipients to whom the liver was first allocated was 2.3 years (0.7‐7.4) (median weight 10.4 kg (8.4‐17.7)). They received a segment 2‐3 graft. Five “secondary” recipients (median age 17.4 years (16.6‐18.9); median weight 66.2 kg (53.7‐70.0)) were identified on our WL to receive the trisector graft. At transplant, their median calculated MELD score was 11 (8‐20). Their mean WL time (241.6 ± 218.9 days) was significantly shorter than local (480.6 ± 833.6 days), regional (370.4 ± 563.4 days), and national patients (245.6 ± 465.4 days) with MELD ≤ 20 (P = .047). There was no significant difference between their WL time and that of patients with a MELD 8 ≤ x≤31 (equivalent to their median exception score, P = .63). Patient and graft survival was 100% for all 10 patients.ConclusionIn our experience, simultaneous internal split liver transplantation allowed teenagers with a low calculated MELD score to be transplanted faster than patients with a similar score. Promoting the use of internal split liver transplantation could help reduce the pediatric waitlist mortality.
Economic and Distributional Impact of COVID‐19: Evidence from Macro‐Micro Modelling of the South African Economy
Authors: Chitiga‐Mabugu Margaret , Henseler Martin , Mabugu Ramos , Maisonnave Hélène 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA computable general equilibrium model linked to a microsimulation model is applied to assess the potential short‐term effects on the South African economy of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. With a particular focus on distributional outcomes, two simulations are run, a mild and a severe scenario. The findings show significant evidence of decline in economic growth and employment, with the decline harsher for the severe scenario. The microeconomic results show that the pandemic moves the income distribution curve such that more households fall under the poverty line while at the same time, inequality declines. The latter result is driven by the disproportionate decline in incomes of richer households while the poorest of the poor are cushioned by government social grants that are kept intact during the pandemic. The COVID‐19 pandemic is still unfolding and its economic modelling as well as the data used to operationalise the model will need to be updated and improved upon as more information about the disease and the economy becomes available.
A comparison of proximity and accessibility drivers in simulating dynamic urban growth
Authors: Wang Rong , Feng Yongjiu , Wei Yongliang , Tong Xiaohua , Zhai Shuting , Zhou Yilun , Wu Peiqi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDynamic urban growth is affected by various driving factors which are important for building cellular automata (CA) models. Two categories of urban‐growth drivers (i.e., proximity and accessibility) have not been well differentiated in simulating urban patterns. We built two CA models (Pro‐CAPSO and Acc‐CAPSO) using particle swarm optimization (PSO) incorporating the proximity and accessibility drivers and applied these models to simulate urban growth at Zhuji in China. The results show that although both models accurately reproduced urban growth from 2005 to 2015, differences in the allocation of urban cells are apparent. The proximity‐based model yielded a slightly better figure of merit (FOM) of 19.3% during calibration (2005–2010) as compared to the accessibility‐based model with FOM of 17.5%. An opposite trend (FOM 17.5% vs. 18.3%) was found for subsequent validation (2010–2015). The simulations by the Acc‐CAPSO model are closer to the real urban patterns as measured by landscape metrics. The results indicate that accessibility is a relatively robust driver in predicting long‐term future urban growth. For specific regions, urban future scenarios produced by the two models show opposing patterns; in the same areas, when Pro‐CAPSO predicted more new urban cells, Acc‐CAPSO predicted fewer, and vice versa. Our methods are useful for modelers in selecting appropriate factors between proximity and accessibility and arrange the combination to represent human disturbance when simulating urban growth.
Myths and methodologies: Reliability of forearm cutaneous vasodilatation measured using laser‐Doppler flowmetry during whole‐body passive heating
Authors: Gemae Mohamed R. , Akerman Ashley P. , McGarr Gregory W. , Meade Robert D. , Notley Sean R. , Schmidt Madison D. , Rutherford Maura M. , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLaser‐Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is commonly used to assess cutaneous vasodilatation responses, but its reliability (i.e. consistency) during whole‐body passive heating is unknown. We therefore assessed the reliability of LDF‐derived indices of cutaneous vasodilatation during incremental whole‐body heating. Fourteen young men (age: 24 (SD 5) years) completed three identical trials, each separated by 1 week. During each trial, a water‐perfused suit was used to raise and clamp oesophageal temperature at 0.6°C (low‐heat strain; LHS) and 1.2°C (moderate‐heat strain; MHS) above baseline. LDF‐derived skin blood flow (SkBF) was measured at three dorsal mid‐forearm sites, with local skin temperature clamped at 34°C. Data were expressed as absolute cutaneous vascular conductance (CVCabs; SkBF/mean arterial pressure) and normalised to maximal conductance (%CVCmax) achieved via simultaneous local skin heating to 44°C and increasing oesophageal temperature to 1.8°C above baseline. Between‐day reliability was characterised as measurement consistency across trials, while within‐day reliability was characterised as measurement consistency across adjacent skin sites during each trial. Between‐ and within‐day absolute reliability (coefficient of variation) generally improved with increasing heat strain, changing from poor (>25%) at baseline, poor‐to‐moderate (15–34%) at LHS, and moderate (10–25%) at MHS. Generally, these estimates were more consistent when expressed as %CVCmax. Conversely, relative reliability was mostly acceptable (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.70) during LHS and when data were expressed as CVCabs. These findings indicate that the consistency of LDF‐derived CVC estimates during heat stress depends on the level of heat strain and method of data expression, which should be considered when designing and interpreting experiments.
Cost-effectiveness of new antiviral treatments for non-genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection in China: a societal perspective
Authors: Wei Xia , Zhao Jingyu , Yang Li 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) among patients with non-genotype 1 for the eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in China.MethodsA decision-analytic Markov model was developed to estimate the lifetime costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for DAAs and pegylated interferon plus ribavirin (PEG-RBV) from a societal perspective. The model inputs were derived from the literature, a patient survey, HCV expert opinions and a specialised drug price database available in China. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the model robustness and calculate reasonable prices of DAAs.ResultsFor patients infected with HCV genotype 2, the pan-genotypic regimen sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) was the most cost-effective strategy compared with PEG-RBV, with an ICER of US$5653/QALY. For genotype 3, the combination of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir (SOF-DCV) was the most cost-effective approach, with an ICER of US$3314/QALY. All DAA regimens for genotype 6 were cost-saving, and sofosbuvir plus ribavirin (SOF-RBV) was the optimal regimen. One-way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the ICERs were most sensitive to the utility values, discount rate and drug costs. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that using a threshold equal to one time the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in China (US$9769/QALY, 2018), the probability of SOF/VEL, SOF-DCV and SOF-RBV being cost-effective was 58%, 83% and 71% for genotype 2, 3 and 6, respectively. Threshold analysis showed that the price of DAAs should be reduced by some degree to achieve better affordability.ConclusionsDAAs were cost-effective compared with traditional treatments. A reasonable reduction in the price of DAAs will increase drug affordability and is of great significance as a global strategy to eradicate viral hepatitis.
International observational atopic dermatitis cohort to follow natural history and treatment course: TARGET-DERM AD study design and rationale
Authors: Abuabara Katrina , Silverberg Jonathan I , Simpson Eric L , Paller Amy S , Eichenfield Lawrence F. , Bissonnette Robert , Krueger James , Harris John E. , Dalfonso Laura , Watkins Stephanie E , Crawford Julie M , Thaçi D , Guttman-Yassky Emma 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionAs new topical and systemic treatments become available for atopic dermatitis (AD), there is a need to understand how treatments are being used in routine clinical practice, their comparative effectiveness and their long-term safety in diverse clinical settings.Methods and analysisThe TARGET-DERM AD cohort is a longitudinal, observational study of patients with AD of all ages, designed to provide practical information on long-term effectiveness and safety unobtainable in traditional registration trials. Patients with physician-diagnosed AD receiving prescription treatment (topical or systemic) will be enrolled at academic and community clinical centres. Up to 3 years of retrospective medical records, 5 years of prospective medical records, and optional biological samples and patient-reported outcomes will be collected. The primary aims include characterisation of AD treatment regimens, evaluation of response to therapy, and description of adverse events.Ethics and disseminationTARGET-DERM has been approved by a central IRB (Copernicus Group IRB, 5000 Centregreen Way Suite 200, Cary, North Carolina 27513) as well as local and institutional IRBs. No additional Ethics Committee reviews. Results will be reviewed by a publications committee and submitted to peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT03661866, pre-results.
Promotion or education: a content analysis of industry-authored oral health educational materials targeted at acute care nurses
Authors: Grundy Quinn , Millington Anna , Cussen Cliodna , Held Fabian , Dale Craig M 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the nature, quality and independence of scientific evidence provided in support of claims in industry-authored educational materials in oral health.DesignA content analysis of educational materials authored by the four major multinational oral health product manufacturers.SettingAcute care settings.Participants68 documents focused on oral health or oral care, targeted at acute care clinicians and identified as ‘educational’ on companies’ international websites.Main outcome measuresData were extracted in duplicate for three areas of focus: (a) products referenced in the documents, (b) product-related claims and (c) citations substantiating claims. We assessed claim–citation pairs to determine if information in the citation supported the claim. We analysed the inter-relationships among cited authors and companies using social network analysis.ResultsDocuments ranged from training videos to posters to brochures to continuing education courses. The majority of educational materials explicitly mentioned a product (59/68, 87%), a branded product (35/68, 51%), and made a product-related claim (55/68, 81%). Among claims accompanied by a citation, citations did not support the majority (91/147, 62%) of claims, largely because citations were unrelated. References used to support claims most often represented lower levels of evidence: only 9% were systematic reviews (7/76) and 13% were randomised controlled trials (10/76). We found a network of 20 authors to account for 37% (n=77/206) of all references in claim–citation pairs; 60% (12/20) of the top 20 cited authors received financial support from one of the four sampled manufacturers.ConclusionsResources to support clinicians’ ongoing education are scarce. However, caution should be exercised when relying on industry-authored materials to support continuing education for oral health. Evidence of sponsorship bias and reliance on key opinion leaders suggests that industry-authored educational materials have promotional intent and should be regulated as such.