bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF OCCURRENCE OF ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS FROM PATNA DENTAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL
Authors: Kumar Dr. Tanoj , Rai Anurag , Kumari Dr. Minti , Rai Dr. Shweta , Kumar Dr. Avanindra , Kumar Dr. Kunal 
Published: March 2020

Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic progressive scarring disease of oral cavity and oropharynx characterized by epithelial atrophy and juxta epithelial inflammatory reaction with progressive fibrosis of the lamina propria and deeper connective tissue. The resulting stiffness of the oral mucosa then causes a progressive decrease in mouth opening. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Clinical Assessment of Occurrence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis in Patients from Patna Medical College & Hospital.
The present study was planned in Department of Oral Pathology, Patna Dental College & Hospital, Patna. Total 50 cases of the patient diagnosed with the Oral Sub mucous Fibrosis (OSMF) were evaluated in the present study. History, examination and investigation of patients were done in detail as per predesigned proforma. Histopathological examination of biopsy tissue from oral mucosa was done in patients who had taken pre-therapy and post-therapy (if and when required). X-ray of temporomandibular joint was requested (whenever needed).
OSMF is a commonly occurring and widely spread premalignant condition increasingly affecting the youth. The occurrence of OSMF in gutkha chewers is far faster and more severe as compared in other forms of areca nut products chewers. The easy availability and promotions of these areca nut products especially gutkha and pan masala outside the schools colleges and social places has impacted younger population in India which has led to the increased occurrence of OSMF.
Keywords: Oral Submucous Fibrosis, OSFM, gutkha, pan masala, etc.
PREVALENCE OF SICK EUTHYROID SYNDROME IN NON-THYROIDAL ILLNESS
Authors: Hambhire Dr. Dattatray 
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION: Sick euthyroid syndrome is also known as low triiodothyronine (T3) syndrome or non-thyroidal illness syndrome which is characterized by alterations in the levels of thyroid hormones in the absence of any disorder related to thyroid gland or hypothalamic-hypophysial axis. Abnormal findings on thyroid functions tests which occur in the setting of a non thyroidal illness (NTI) without preexisting hypothalamic-pituitary and thyroid gland dysfunction. In the 1970s initially described low T3 (triiodothyronine) syndrome, known as the euthyroid sick syndrome or the nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS). This can be representing especially in in critically ill patients, particularly those admitted to intensive care units. Although by definition these abnormalities are not related to intrinsic diseases of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis though rather represent imbalances in thyroid hormone production, metabolism, and action. As there is progress in illness gradual development of a more complex syndrome associated with low levels of T3 and thyroxine (T4). AIM: The main objective of this study is to study clinical profile sick euthyroid syndrome in Non-thyroidal Illness. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Total 60 patients were included in this study with the diagnosis of euthyroid syndrome with suggestive of Non-thyroidal Illness. From all the patients detail history were recorded as data as well as all the necessary lab investigations were recorded as hemogram, renal function test, liver function test, ECG, Chest roentgenogram, and thyroid function status and serum cholrine esterase. RESULT: Total 60 patients were including in this study within the period of study with different age group. Patients with age group 20-30 years age group shows majority followed by age group 30-40 years age group as 33.3% and 30% respectively. Among the 60 patients only 15 patients were observed as sick Euthyroid. Out of 15 patients with sick Euthyroid 60% showed Low T3 alone and 40% shows changes in T3, T4 & TSH Levels. CONCLUSION: Non-thyroidal illness syndrome is common among male in comparisons to female with the middle ages. Since the mechanism of sick euthyroid syndrome is similar to sick euthyroid syndrome in other critical care illnesses. Therefore more and more studies should be done for the better evaluation of the prognostic value of NTIS in critically ill. Thyroid functions should be assessed routinely in patients for prevent of Non-thyroidal illness syndrome.
KEYWORDS: sick euthyroid syndrome, Non-thyroidal Illness, Thyroid
A CLINICAL COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN MISOPROSTOL (PGE1) AND DINOPROSTONE (PGE2) FOR INDUCTION OF LABOUR AT TERM - A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: B Dr Beena. , S Dr Shyla. , Devi Dr P.K. Syamala 
Published: March 2020

Background: Comparative study beween misoprostol and dinoprostone for induction of labour at term has been done at various centres which showed misoprostol to be more effective. This study was done, 18 years back in 2001, when the most common method of induction was dinoprostone. Since then both the drugs has been used equally for induction of labour at term. But in recent past, PGE1 is not being used widely because of fear of untoward effect. Hence, the importance this article which shows misoprostol to be more effective with less side effects, easy for storage and low cost. This study is to compare the effectiveness between the two molecules of prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2 for induction of labour in term. The complication can be reduced by proper selection, 1 to 1 and continuous fetal monitoring.
Methods: It was a prospective RCT. 200 Women at term in whom induction of labour was indicated with no contraindications for the use of prostaglandin attending labor room in a tertiary care centre (SAT Hospital Government Medical College Trivandrum) for a period of five months, from September 1St 2000 to January 31st 2001 was chosen to compare the effectiveness of Misoprostol and Dinoprostone for induction of labour at term. Both the groups were comparable in age, parity and bishop score.
Results: Among 200, 123(61%) were primigravida and 146 (73%) were in the age group of 21 – 30 yrs. Median induction delivery interval was about 9 hrs shorter in PGE1 group. Only14.14% required oxytocin augmentation in PGE1 Group compared to 50.54% in PGE2 group. There was 8 failures in PGE2 and there was one case of hyper stimulation in PGEI group for which LSCS was done. PGE2 costs 10 times more than PGE1.
Conclusion: Misoprostol is faster acting with low induction delivery interval and requirement for oxytoccin augmentation. Misoprostol is low cost drug, affordable to most of our patient from low socio economic status.
Keywords: Term pregnancy, Tab Misoprostol, PGE1, Dinoprostone gel, PGE2, Induction of labour.
CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF SUPRACONDYLAR FEMUR FRACTURE WITH RETROGRADE NAILING IN PATIENTS FROM BIHAR REGION
Authors: Kumar Dr. Arun 
Published: March 2020

A distal femoral fracture is one of the challenging injuries to orthopaedic surgeons. Operative treatment has been the mainstay to obtain early mobilization of patients. Traditionally, stabilization has been achieved with open reduction using several kinds of plates. However, this conventional technique is not a biologic method; it requires large exposure, with its related risk of soft tissue damage, promoting devascularization of bone fragments and compromising fracture healing. [15] Based on above findings the present study was planned to study patient with distal femur fracture including both supracondylar fracture operated with retrograde femoral nail to evaluate the pre and post-surgical outcomes.
The present study was planned in Department of Orthopaedic, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital (SKMCH), Muzaffarpur, Bihar, from jan 2018 to December 2018. Total 650 bone injuries were reported in the hospital. From that 15 cases of the supracondylar Fracture Femur were evaluated in the present study.
The data generated from the present study concludes that retrograde intramedullary supracondylar nail is a good fixation system for the distal third femoral fractures, particularly the extra-articular type. The operative time is lessened with decrease in blood loss. Distal screw related local symptoms is a common problem, and is related to the implant and technique. Early surgery, closed reduction, at least two screws in each fragment, and early post-operative knee mobilisation are essential for good union, and good knee range of motion.
Keywords: supracondylar, distal femur, retrograde nailing, biological fixation, femur fracture, etc.
ROLE OF R.E.N.A.L NEPHROMETRY IN PREDICTING TUMOR HISTOLOGY AND GRADE OF RENAL MASS.
Authors: Gupta Dr. Manu 
Published: March 2020

Background: The R.E.N.A.L.(radius, exophytic/endophytic properties, nearness of tumor to the collecting systemor sinus in mm, anterior/posterior location relative to polar lines) nephrometry scoring system was recently introduced as an objective reproducible means to describe salient renal tumor anatomy. Objective of this study is to evaluate the role of R.E.N.A.L. Nephrometry score in predicting tumor histology and grade.
Methods: It is a prospective study carried out in Lilawati Hospital and Research Centre, a tertiary care centre consisting of 40 patients including male and female who had T1 renal mass. Preoperative R.E.N.A.L. Nephrometry scoring done for every patient and after treatment (Open Partial Nephrectomy, Laproscopic partial Nephrectomy, Radical Nephrectomy) tumor sent for histopathology to predict tumor histology and grade for solid renal mass.
Results: Clear cell histology also increased with R.E.N.A.L score, from 2/6 (33.3%) in patients with low R.E.N.A.L scores ( 4–6) up to 15/17 (88.24%) for patients with high R.E.N.A.L scores( 10–12) . Conversely, the probability of the potentially more indolent papillary RCC decreased with increasing lesion complexity (from 66.67% in low score to 11.76% in moderate score).The Fuhrman grade is an important prognostic indicator for RCCs. In our study Fuhrman grade 1 tumours represented 4/40 (66.7%) low and 2(13%)high- complexity lesions . Conversely, there is no grade 3 lesion in low score (0.0%) compared with 5/40 (33.3%%) moderate complexity lesions, respectively showing more the nephrometry score higher will be Fuhrman grade.
Conclusions: Proportion with  clear cell histology also increases with R.E.N.A.L score and the probability of the potentially more indolent papillary RCC decreased with increasing lesion complexity. The Fuhrman grade also increases with increase in nephrometry score
Keywords: R.E.N.A.L Nephrometry score, Fuhrman grade, Tumor histology
RENAL DYSFUNCTION AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE IN CHILDREN WITH BETA-THALASSEMIA MAJOR.
Authors: Goyal Gourav Kumar , Jagrwal Sameer , Gupta Kalika , Tak SK 
Published: March 2020

Background: Beta-thalassemia major (β-TM), is a type of chronic, microcytic anaemia that is characterized by impaired biosynthesis of the β-globin chain leading to accumulation of unpaired α-globin chain. Due to the severe anaemia caused in Thallassemia, patient must undergo repeated blood transfusions for survival. Repeated blood transfusions lead to built-up of iron overload which is responsible for tissue deposition of excess iron, ultimately resulting in iron toxicity. There are evidences of aminoaciduria, hypercalciuria, phosphaturia, magnesiuria, hyperuricosuria, low urine osmolality, and excess urinary secretion of markers of tubular damage such as N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase in patients with beta-thalassemia major. In the present study, authors tried to investigate the proportion of patients diagnosed with β-Thalassemia Major manifesting renal dysfunction and electrolyte imbalance.
Material and Methods: It was a hospital based case-control study involving 100 patients coming to Department of Pediatric Medicine, and belonging to the age group 1 to 18 years. Equal number of healthy age and sex matched children were taken as controls.
Results: When cases and controls were compared with respect to albuminuria, blood pH, serum bicarbonate, phosphorus and blood urea, higher number of cases had deranged values as compared to the healthy controls [p<0.05].
Conclusion: Renal damage and tubular dysfunctions leading to eletrolyte imbalances exist in children with β-thalassemia major.
Keywords: kidney, Thalassemia, Electrolytes, children.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF RIGHT VENTRICLE CHANGES IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) PATIENTS OF DIFFERENT SEVERITY
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Tripathi Yogesh , Yadav Berendra , Garg Rinku 
Published: March 2020

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by interminable air flow limitation that is not fully reversible COPD includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and chronic asthmatic bronchitis. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a complex disease with various systemic manifestations and one of the co-morbidity linked with COPD is cardiovascular disease. Hypoxic vasoconstriction and alterations in pulmonary microvasculature, which are both observed in COPD patients, leads to an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. As a result, this increase in right ventricular (RV) after load causes right ventricular remodeling, including chamber dilatation and wall hypertrophy and ultimately to functional deterioration. The aim of this study to evaluate the right ventricular changes that develop secondary to COPD using GOLD guidelines and echocardiographic findings .This cross-sectional study involved 134 patients who presented to the pulmonary disease outpatient clinic with COPD. We assessed the right ventricular changes in COPD patients of different severity using echocardiography .COPD patients shown change in the right ventricular dimensions as the severity of COPD increases and right ventricular function as well. It is also observed that frequency of pulmonary hypertension also increased as the severity of COPD increases. The study shows high prevalence of cardiac co-morbidities such as RV dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension in COPD patients. The severity of complications increases with severity of COPD and makes a linear relation.
Keywords: Echocardiography, ECG, COPD
PREVENTING EXCESSIVE POSTNATAL WEIGHT LOSS IN HEALTHY NEW-BORNS. WILL CONTINUOUS TEMPERATURE MONITORING HELP?
Authors: Sreekumar Dr. Kavita , Nachinolkar Miss Pallavi , Silveira Dr. M.P. 
Published: March 2020

Objective: To study if continuous temperature monitoring helps to prevent excessive postnatal weight loss in healthy newborns during hospital stay.
Design: Prospective randomised controlled trial
Setting: Postnatal ward of a tertiary level hospital in south-west India, between July 2018 and October 2018.
Participants: 515 healthy newborns born in the hospital during the study.
Intervention: Mothers were given the BEMPU device within 24 hours of delivery and taught to recognize alarms and take measures to treat hypothermia when the device alarmed till the baby was discharged from the hospital. All healthy newborns born in the hospital were included in the study and random allocation was done to either the intervention or control group. Babies who were sick and admitted in NICU and babies with congenital anomalies were excluded.
IEC approval was obtained prior to the study.
Outcome measures: postnatal weight loss.
Results: 515 babies were included in the analysis. For vaginal deliveries; 163 babies were in the intervention group and 168 were in the control group. The mean lowest weight was higher and the mean weight loss was lower for the intervention group. For caesarean deliveries, 91 babies were in the intervention and 93 were in the control groups. The mean lowest weight was higher and the mean weight loss was lower for the intervention group for cesarean deliveries as well.
Conclusions: Continuous monitoring of the temperature helps to prevent excessive postnatal weight loss in healthy babies born by spontaneous vaginal deliveries.
Keywords: Hypothermia, Newborn, Temperature, Weight loss
PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE (ESKD) PATIENTS ON MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS (MHD) VIA SURGICALLY CREATED ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA.
Authors: Jeelani Hamad , Sharma Manjuri , Parry Manzoor A. , Doley Prodip.K. , Pegu Gayatri 
Published: March 2020

Background Pulmonary hypertension is a disorder which worsens systemic diseases. One of the important underlying pathology is end stage chronic kidney disease The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of unexplained PHT, and to relate this to the cardiovascular status and arteriovenous fistula characteristics in ESKD patients on maintenance hemodialysis
Methods: 159 patients with end stage kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis were evaluated, 103 were excluded. Clinical, laboratory parameters were recorded. Systolic Pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac functions were evaluated by echocardiography. Flow across arteriovenous fistula was assessed by Doppler sonography. Patients were divided between the group with and without pulmonary hypertension. It was a cross sectional study.
Result: Out of 159 patients, 56 patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria were evaluated, 36% had systolic pulmonary artery pressure of 35 mm Hg, mean age was 52.42 ± 9.12 years, 71.4% were males, and mean duration of end stage kidney disease was 33.66 ±11.56 months. Pulmonary hypertension patients were exposed to longer duration of hemodialysis therapy (p=0.0001) as compared to the patients with no pulmonary hypertension group, they also had a longer duration of functional Arterio venous fistula (p=0.0001), and flow across Arterio venous fistula was significantly more in pulmonary hypertension group (p=0.022), and these also had higher cardiac output (p=0.0001). Patients with Pulmonary hypertension were significantly more anemic, had more hypoalbuminemia and more interdialytic weight gain.
Conclusions: Pulmonary hypertension is frequent in end-stage kidney disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis. It appears to be a late complication of hemodialysis with surgically created AVF with implications on cardiovascular status.
Keywords: Arterio venous fistula (AVF), End-stage kidney disease (ESKD), Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), pulmonary hypertension (PHT).Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP)
PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL FROM ASSAM: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Jeelani Hamad , Parry Manzoor A. , Dange Shruti 
Published: March 2020

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at high risk of depressive disorders because of considerable psychological stress due to physical and social changes brought on by disease. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of depression in patients with CKD and the factors affecting it at a public tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the renal clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Data on 629 patients diagnosed with CKD from September 2014 to April 2016 was obtained. Nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire from PRIME-MD was used to assess the depression.
Results: Of all the patients, 44.7% had depression. Mild depression was found to affect 28.9% of the patients followed by moderate depression and severe depression (15.4% and 0.4%, respectively). According to multiple logistic regression, the occurrence of depression was significantly higher with age below 60 years [odds ratio (OR) 1.5, 0.9–2.7; P<0.05], male gender (OR 1.4, 1.0–3.1; P<0.05), no treatment funding (OR 2.7, 1.3–4.6; P<0.05), education less than grade 12 (OR 1.3, 1.3–3.2; P<0.05), monthly income ≤INR 20,000 (OR 1.6, 1.1–3.6; P<0.05), CKD stage V (OR 1.4 1.0– 2.9; P <0.05), Patients on hemodialysis (HD) (OR 2.5, 1.2–4.5; P<0.05), comorbidities ≥3 (OR 1.6, 1.3–3.0; P<0.05), overweight (OR 2.4, 1.3–2.9; P<0.05), and duration of CKD >2 (OR 2.4, 1.4–4.4; P<0.05).
Conclusion: About 44.7% of the patients were found to have depression. Patients’ age, gender, body mass index, treatment funding, education status, income, CKD duration and stage, HD status, and comorbidities were found to be significant factors affecting depression.
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH WITH THE USE OF DIFFERENT ROOT CANAL SEALERS
Authors: Shreya Dr Shivangi 
Published: March 2020

After endodontic treatment, teeth are structurally different from untreated vital teeth, so these teeth require specialized treatment. The toughness of an endodontically treated tooth is associated to the tooth structure left. In vertical root fracture, resection of the affected root or extraction of the tooth is mandatory. Hence, this is a serious concern as there is an unfavorable prognosis leading to endodontic failure. One major cause for tooth fracture is found to be endodontic treatment in many in vivo studies. Vital teeth are less prone to fracture than nonvital teeth. It is a well-known fact that loss of structural integrity associated with the access preparation results in increased cuspal deflection during function leading to a higher occurrence of fractures. It is difficult to establish whether the occurrence of fractures depends on change in dentin structure or missing tooth structure. If endodontically treated teeth are not restored immediately, there is bacterial contamination and coronal microleakage, and this can lead to retreatment or endodontic failure. Hence, bonded restorations must be used to avoid microleakage. Based on above findings the present study was planned to evaluate the In Vitro Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth with the Use of Different Root Canal Sealers.
The present study was planned in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Buddha Institute of Dental Science and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India. For the in vitro study, 30 extracted maxillary central incisors from patients in the age group 30-55 years were obtained. After extraction, soft tissue and calculus were mechanically removed and teeth were stored in 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 24 h to remove any remaining soft tissue. Certain teeth that had fracture lines, calcifications, surface irregularities were discarded, and a total of 20 teeth samples were obtained for the study. Although the sample size was small, it was sufficient to achieve a statistical difference. The teeth were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction using a diamond disc and water spray The sectioned teeth were taken, and a working length for each root was then established 1 mm short of the apical foramen using a No. 20 K-file. Further, the roots were divided randomly into four groups.
The data generated from present study concludes that increased the fracture toughness of the instrumented roots after obturation. Therefore the ability of these materials i.e., Resilon and Epiphany sealer, Gutta-percha and AH plus sealer, guttapercha and Endomethasone sealer to reinforce the Endodontically treated teeth looks very promising but further long-term clinical studies are necessary to collect evidence based data thus to be able to support the confident use of these materials in day to day practice.
Keywords: Fracture resistance, root canal sealers, Resilon, Epiphany, AH Plus Sealer, Endomethasone sealer, etc.