bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging trends: Reviewing the reviewers (again)
Authors: Church Kenneth Ward 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe ACL-2019 Business meeting ended with a discussion of reviewing. Conferences are experiencing a success catastrophe. They are becoming bigger and bigger, which is not only a sign of success but also a challenge (for reviewing and more). Various proposals for reducing submissions were discussed at the Business meeting. IMHO, the problem is not so much too many submissions, but rather, random reviewing. We cannot afford to do reviewing as badly as we do (because that leads to even more submissions). Negative feedback loops are effective. The reviewing process will improve over time if reviewers teach authors how to write better submissions, and authors teach reviewers how to write more constructive reviews. If you have received a not-ok (unhelpful/offensive) review, please help program committees improve by sharing your not-ok reviews on social media.
Metacognitive beliefs in depressed in-patients: adaptation and validation of the short version of the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30) for French clinical and non-clinical samples
Authors: Baptista Axel , Soumet-Leman Charlotte , Visinet Arnauld , Jouvent Roland 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground:The short form of the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30) is a brief multi-dimensional measure which explores the metacognitive processes and beliefs about worry and cognition that are central to the vulnerability and maintenance of emotional disorders.Aims:The first aim of the study was to create and validate a French version of the MCQ-30 in a non-clinical and a clinical sample of depressed in-patients.Method:A French adaptation of the MCQ-30 was administered to a sample of 467 individuals from the general population and 73 hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder. Internal consistency was measured by Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients. Factor structure was assessed using a confirmatory factor analysis on the non-clinical group and a multi-trait–multi-method analysis on the psychiatric group. Criterion validity was explored by comparing the scores of the two samples. Measures of rumination, worry and depression were used to explore convergent validity.Results:Confirmatory factor analysis in the non-clinical sample indicated that the French version of the MCQ-30 has the same factor structure as the MCQ-30’s original five-factor solution. In the clinical sample, the multi-trait–multi-method analysis revealed discrepancies with the original factor structure, and the MCQ-30 and its subscales were less reliable. Our results provide evidence of a convergent validity. The MCQ-30 scores were also able to discriminate between psychiatric and non-clinical samples.Conclusions:Our results show that the French version of the MCQ-30 is a valid instrument for measuring metacognitive beliefs in non-clinical population. Further research is needed to support its use among depressed in-patients.
Climate impacts on nutrition and labor supply disentangled – an analysis for rural areas of Uganda
Authors: Antonelli Chiara , Coromaldi Manuela , Dasgupta Shouro , Emmerling Johannes , Shayegh Soheil 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe entire agricultural supply chain, from crop production to food consumption, is expected to suffer significant damages from climate change. This paper empirically investigates the effects of warming on agricultural labor supply through variation in dietary intake in rural Uganda. We examine labor supply, food consumption, and overall social welfare under various climate change scenarios. First, we combine nationally representative longitudinal survey data with high-resolution climatic data using an instrumental variable approach. Controlling for calorie intake, our study shows that warming has a non-linear impact on agricultural labor supply, with the number of hours worked being optimized at an optimal temperature of 21.3°C. Using these econometric estimates to parametrize an overlapping generations model, we find that under RCP8.5, output per adult decreases by 20 per cent by the end of the century due to the combined effect of climate change on food consumption and labor supply.
“Just the Status Quo?”
Authors: Mitchell Michele 
Published: March 2020

Abstract*As much as recent scholarship, popular outlets, and even a documentary film have asserted that we find ourselves in another “Gilded Age” since the 1980s, such a conceit has its limits. Indeed, we should proceed with caution when it comes to embracing analogies that posit a “new” or “second” Gilded Age. We might instead profitably think about the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as being a period of high capitalism and our current moment as reflecting a particular, if not peculiar, phase of capitalism. And, as much as our understanding of gender and sexuality during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries might actually be hindered by separating “Gilded Age” and “Progressive Era,” considering gendered dynamics of our current moment—a moment that has been termed late-stage capitalism—deepens our analysis of the low-wage economy. When it comes to sexuality, we should be careful in drawing parallels between the Gilded Age and the present given that contemporary understandings of sexuality began to coalesce during the late nineteenth century. Still, debates about sex and sexuality certainly shaped the Gilded Age and they continue to inform our current moment in dynamic and even unprecedented ways. We might not find ourselves in another Gilded Age, but we should arguably build upon current interest in histories of capitalism as a means think about the significance of progressive social movements within capitalist societies.
Please, open the windows!
Authors: Ménard Claude 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis comment concurs with Skarbek's paper that much more room should be made for qualitative evidence in economics. However, it raises questions about the modalities through which case studies could carry general lessons when it comes to broad institutional issues. It also suggests the need to extend the set of qualitative evidence beyond case studies and to complement them with formal approaches as well as with quantitative analysis. Persuading economists to open windows to alternative methods is at stake
Optimal delivery timing for dizygotic twins – the short- and long-term perspective
Authors: Imterat Majdi , Wainstock Tamar , Sheiner Eyal , Sergienko Ruslan , Landau Daniella , Walfisch Asnat 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMajor obstetrics and gynecology societies offer inconsistent recommendation regarding optimal delivery timing in uncomplicated dizygotic twins. We sought to investigate the impact of delivery timing within term gestation, in dizygotic twins, on the short- and long-term offspring morbidity. A prospectively analyzed cohort of dizygotic twin deliveries was conducted. All women delivered at a regional tertiary medical center, at term (≥37 0/7), between the years 1991 and 2014, were included. The primary exposure was delivery at 37 0/7–37 + 6/7 weeks, while delivery at ≥38 0/7 weeks’ gestation was considered the reference. Neonatal short- and long-term outcomes according to hospitalizations of offspring up to 18 years of age due to cardiac, respiratory, hematological, neurological, and infectious morbidity were compared. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to compare cumulative incidences per each major-system hospitalization. Cox regression models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios, while adjusting for variables with clinical importance. During the study period, 612 dizygotic twin deliveries met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 200 (31.3%) occurred at 37–37 6/7 weeks, and 412 (68.7%) occurred at ≥38 0/7 weeks’ gestation. In the long-term analysis, rates of hospitalizations involving several major morbidity categories exhibited comparable rates in both groups. The Cox regression models did not demonstrate an independent association between gestational age within term and later major pediatric morbidity in offspring (total long-term morbidity: adjusted hazard ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 0.77–2.29). Dizygotic twin deliveries occurring at different gestational ages within term do not appear to significantly impact on major short- and long-term outcomes.
Applying Tipping Point Theory to Remote Sensing Science to Improve Early Warning Drought Signals for Food Security
Authors: Krishnamurthy R P. Krishna , Fisher Joshua B. , Schimel David S. , Kareiva Peter M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFamines have long been associated with drought. With the severity of droughts growing in association with climate change, there is increasing pressure to do a better job predicting famines and delivering international aid to avert human suffering and civil instability. We examine recent advances in remote sensing technology, focusing on the latency, historical availability and spatial and temporal scales of the data these satellites provide. Because of their global coverage, seven variables derived from satellite observations emerge as especially pertinent to drought and famine: precipitation (TRMM/GPM), groundwater (GRACE/GRACE‐FO), snow (MODIS), soil moisture (SMOS, SMAP, Sentinel‐1), evapotranspiration (MODIS, ECOSTRESS), vegetation health (Landsat, AVHRR, MODIS, SPOT) and chlorophyll fluorescence (OCO‐2). We discuss tipping point theory as a possible framework for taking advantage of long time series of these satellite data where they exist in order to enhance the effectiveness of existing famine early warning systems.
Global Model for Depth‐Dependent Carbonyl Photochemical Production Rates in Seawater
Authors: Zhu Yuting , Kieber David J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA photochemical model was used to quantify the global contribution of carbonyl photoproduction in the photodegradation of marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC). As model input, wavelength‐ and temperature‐dependent apparent quantum yields (AQYs) for the photochemical production of carbonyl compounds were determined in seawater collected from the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. These AQY data and published AQY data from the North Pacific were used with remotely sensed seawater optical properties and solar irradiance data in a global model to calculate depth‐resolved, mixed‐layer photochemical fluxes of acetaldehyde and glyoxal in seawater. Based on this model, the annual global surface mixed‐layer photochemical production is 89.7 ± 36 Tg year−1 for acetaldehyde and 20.0 ± 8.0 Tg year−1 for glyoxal. This work significantly improves our understanding of the impact of photochemistry on the cycling of DOC in the surface oceans. Low‐molecular‐weight carbonyl compounds represent the second largest carbon flux among all known carbon products that are produced during the photolysis of DOC. The annual photoproduction of carbonyl‐compound carbon is ~110 ± 23 Tg C year−1, comprising approximately 9.6% of the total carbon and 22% of the biologically labile carbon that are produced globally from the photolysis of marine DOC.
Nearly Magnitude‐Invariant Stress Drops in Simulated Crack‐Like Earthquake Sequences on Rate‐and‐State Faults with Thermal Pressurization of Pore Fluids
Authors: Perry Stephen M. , Lambert Valère , Lapusta Nadia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStress drops, inferred to be magnitude‐invariant, are a key characteristic used to describe natural earthquakes. Theoretical studies and laboratory experiments indicate that enhanced dynamic weakening, such as thermal pressurization of pore fluids, may be present on natural faults. At first glance, magnitude invariance of stress drops and enhanced dynamic weakening seem incompatible since larger events may experience greater weakening and should thus have lower final stresses and higher stress drops. We hypothesize that enhanced dynamic weakening can be reconciled with magnitude‐invariant stress drops due to larger events having lower average prestress when compared to smaller events. We conduct numerical simulations of long‐term earthquake sequences in fault models with rate‐and‐state friction and thermal pressurization, and in the parameter regime that results mostly in crack‐like ruptures, we find that such models can explain both the observationally inferred stress drop invariance and increasing breakdown energy with event magnitude. Smaller events indeed have larger average initial stresses than medium‐sized events, and we find nearly constant stress drops for events spanning up to two orders of magnitude in average slip, comparable to approximately six orders of magnitude in seismic moment. Segment‐spanning events have more complex behavior, which depends on the properties of the arresting velocity‐strengthening region at the edges of the faults.
What Caused the Decline of Water Level of Yamzho Yumco During 1975–2012 in the Southern Tibetan Plateau?
Authors: Sang Yan‐Fang , Chen Deliang , Gong Tongliang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVariability of water balance in closed lakes in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can be a useful indicator of climate change. While most of lakes over the TP have been expanding, especially in the inner TP, the Yamzho Yumco in the Southern TP faced a significant water level decline in 1975–2012. This study focused on attribution of the water level changes to various factors with the help of a physically based and a statistical model for the water balance of the lake, along with observed precipitation and lake surface evaporation data. Results showed that climatic conditions dominated the changes in water level until 1997, and human activity through the construction and operation of a hydropower station started to play a strong role after 1998. The lake level has gone up and down due to changes in precipitation‐generated recharge and evaporation over the study period. The water level decline in 1975–1997 was mainly due to low level of the recharge from precipitation and land runoff. However, the drastic decline of water level in 2006–2012 was far from the reach of the climatic conditions. It was indeed caused by the intensified influence of the building and operation of a nearby hydropower station. It was also found that the water level change during the whole period (1975–2012) followed the aridity index for the basin, especially before 1989. This provides an effective way to predict future changes of lake level, if reliable projections for future climate change and human activity are available.
Evaluating the Impact of Assimilating Aerosol Optical Depth Observations on Dust Forecasts Over North Africa and the East Atlantic Using Different Data Assimilation Methods
Authors: Choi Yonghan , Chen Shu‐Hua , Huang Chu‐Chun , Earl Kenneth , Chen Chih‐Ying , Schwartz Craig S. , Matsui Toshihisa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study evaluates the impact of assimilating moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth (AOD) data using different data assimilation (DA) methods on dust analyses and forecasts over North Africa and tropical North Atlantic. To do so, seven experiments are conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting dust model and the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation analysis system. Six of these experiments differ in whether or not AOD observations are assimilated and the DA method used, the latter of which includes the three‐dimensional variational (3D‐Var), ensemble square root filter (EnSRF), and hybrid methods. The seventh experiment, which allows us to assess the impact of assimilating deep blue AOD data, assimilates only dark target AOD data using the hybrid method. The assimilation of MODIS AOD data clearly improves AOD analyses and forecasts up to 48 hr in length. Results also show that assimilating deep blue data has a primarily positive effect on AOD analyses and forecasts over and downstream of the major North African source regions. Without assimilating deep blue data (assimilating dark target only), AOD assimilation only improves AOD forecasts for up to 30 hr. Of the three DA methods examined, the hybrid and EnSRF methods produce better AOD analyses and forecasts than the 3D‐Var method does. Despite the clear benefit of AOD assimilation for AOD analyses and forecasts, the lack of information regarding the vertical distribution of aerosols in AOD data means that AOD assimilation has very little positive effect on analyzed or forecasted vertical profiles of backscatter.
Geomagnetically Induced Currents and Harmonic Distortion: Storm‐Time Observations From New Zealand
Authors: Rodger Craig J. , Clilverd Mark A. , Mac Manus Daniel H. , Martin Ian , Dalzell Michael , Brundell James B. , Divett Tim , Thomson Neil R. , Petersen Tanja , Obana Yuki , Watson Neville R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLarge geomagnetic storms are a known space weather hazard to power transmission networks due to the effects of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs). However, research in this area has been hampered by a lack of GIC observations. Previous studies have noted that New Zealand is unusually fortunate in having a comparatively dense, high quality, set of GIC measurements, spanning >60 transformers in >20 substations. However, due to operational reasons these observations are clustered in the mid and lower South Island. In this paper we analyze space weather‐induced GIC impact patterns over the entire country by using a different set of sensors that monitor levels of harmonic distortion, with even and odd harmonics measured separately. GICs lead to half cycle transformer saturation and is one of the few ways in which even harmonics are produced in a well‐run power transmission network. We make use of harmonic distortion measurements at 377 circuit breakers made at 126 separate locations. Focusing on the intense geomagnetic storm activity during 6–9 September 2017, we show how the even harmonic distortion observations provide a useful new picture of GIC‐stressed transformers. These observations demonstrate how GIC effects can be monitored by using even harmonic distortion in locations where no GIC measurements are present (e.g., the most of the North Island). We understand that harmonic distortion measurements are fairly common in electrical networks and could provide a new tool for space weather researchers.
Discovery of New‐Structured Post‐Spinel MgFe2O4: Crystal Structure and High‐Pressure Phase Relations
Authors: Ishii Takayuki , Miyajima Nobuyoshi , Sinmyo Ryosuke , Kojitani Hiroshi , Mori Daisuke , Inaguma Yoshiyuki , Akaogi Masaki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhase relations in MgFe2O4 at 20–27 GPa and 1,000–1,200 °C were investigated, and a novel post‐spinel phase of MgFe2O4 (space group, Pnma) was identified. This phase has a Z‐shape framework of edge‐sharing (Mg,Fe)O6 octahedra, with other Mg and Fe cations randomly occupying one tetrahedral and two octahedral sites in tunnel spaces within the framework. This structure is similar to Nax (Fe,Ti)xTi2‐xO4 phase (0.75 ≤ x ≤ 0.9) with (Fe,Ti)O6 Z‐shape framework and tricapped‐prism sites for Na. Compression data showed ~6% volume reduction at 16–20 GPa. The recovered phase may have transformed during decompression from the Nax (Fe,Ti)xTi2‐xO4‐type structure due to cations in the tunnel spaces shifting, probably because of cation‐size misfit. The novel phase may be found in impact craters and shocked meteorites and may serve as an indicator of shock P‐T conditions. Without crystal structure refinement, post‐spinel phases are likely to be misidentified due to similar crystallographic features.
Immune metabolism regulation of the germinal center response
Authors: Choi Seung-Chul , Morel Laurence 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe humoral immune response requires germinal centers to produce high-affinity antigen-specific antibodies that counter pathogens. Numerous studies have provided a better understanding of how metabolic pathways regulate the development, activation and functions of immune cells. Germinal centers are transient, highly dynamic microanatomic structures that develop in lymphoid organs during a T-cell-dependent humoral immune response. Analysis of germinal centers provides an opportunity to understand how metabolic programs control the differentiation and function of highly specialized germinal center B cells and follicular helper CD4+ T cells. Targeting immunometabolism during the germinal center response may afford the possibility to improve vaccine design and to develop new therapies to alleviate autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss the major metabolic pathways that are used by germinal center B and T cells, as well as the plasma cells that they produce, all of which are influenced by the microenvironment of this unique structure of the adaptive immune system.
The CRISPR-Cas systems were selectively inactivated during evolution of Bacillus cereus group for adaptation to diverse environments
Authors: Zheng Ziqiang , Zhang Yulan , Liu Zhiyu , Dong Zhaoxia , Xie Chuanshuai , Bravo Alejandra , Soberón Mario , Mahillon Jacques , Sun Ming , Peng Donghai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems are considered as barriers to horizontal gene transfer (HGT). However, the influence of such systems on HGT within species is unclear. Also, little is known about the impact of CRISPR-Cas systems on bacterial evolution at the population level. Here, using Bacillus cereus sensu lato as model, we investigate the interplay between CRISPR-Cas systems and HGT at the population scale. We found that only a small fraction of the strains have CRISPR-Cas systems (13.9% of 1871), and most of such systems are defective based on their gene content analysis. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the CRISPR-Cas systems are barriers to HGT within this group, since strains harboring active systems contain less mobile genetic elements (MGEs), have lower fraction of unique genes and also display limited environmental distributions than strains without active CRISPR-Cas systems. The introduction of a functional CRISPR-Cas system into a strain lacking the system resulted in reduced adaptability to various stresses and decreased pathogenicity of the transformant strain, indicating that B. cereus group strains could benefit from inactivating such systems. Our work provides a large-scale case to support that the CRISPR-Cas systems are barriers to HGT within species, and that in the B. cereus group the inactivation of CRISPR-Cas systems correlated with acquisition of MGEs that could result in better adaptation to diverse environments.
Longitudinal spatial dataset on travel times and distances by different travel modes in Helsinki Region
Authors: Tenkanen Henrikki , Toivonen Tuuli 
Published: March 2020

AbstractComparable data on spatial accessibility by different travel modes are frequently needed to understand how city regions function. Here, we present a spatial dataset called the Helsinki Region Travel Time Matrix that has been calculated for 2013, 2015 and 2018. This longitudinal dataset contains travel time and distance information between all 250 metres statistical grid cell centroids in the Capital Region of Helsinki, Finland. The dataset is multimodal and multitemporal by nature: all typical transport modes (walking, cycling, public transport, and private car) are included and calculated separately for the morning rush hour and midday for an average working day. We followed a so-called door-to-door principle, making the information between travel modes comparable. The analyses were based primarily on open data sources, and all the tools that were used to produce the data are openly available. The matrices form a time-series that can reveal the accessibility conditions within the city and allow comparisons of the changes in accessibility in the region, which support spatial planning and decision-making.