bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity of pregnant women in the eyes of physiotherapy students. The role of knowledge, beliefs and personal experiences among future physiotherapists
Authors: Kossakowska Karolina , Szczepanik Marcin , Woszczak Marek 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction: The physical activity of pregnant women is still a matter of concern for both mothers and professionals. In the case of a healthy pregnancy without specific contraindications, physical activity may have a beneficial effect on mental and physical wellbeing, during pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal period. It is therefore important that pregnant women be provided with accurate information regarding recommended pre-gestational activity, based on scientifically-valid reports rather than subjective opinions.
The aim of the presented study was to analyze the state of knowledge and attitudes towards physical activity undertaken by women during pregnancy among physiotherapy students.

Materials and methods: The study involved 109 physiotherapy students studying at the Faculty of Physiotherapy in Katowice and at the Faculty of Physiotherapy at the Medical University of Lodz. The research was performed as an Internet-based study in which the participants completed an electronic version of a questionnaire constructed for the study.

Results: Students of physiotherapy are a physically active group, with the most popular being walking. Although the respondents have a satisfactory level of knowledge concerning the influence of physical activity on pregnancy, they still consider indoor cycling as less suitable for expectant mothers than outdoor cycling. The general level of knowledge of participants correlates negatively with the attitude: those more open and accepting of physical activity during pregnancy tend to display less reliable knowledge. Positive attitude is also associated with the sport background of the respondents: more active respondents tend to believe more strongly that physical activity has a positive impact on pregnancy.

Conclusions: Although the participants displayed satisfactory general knowledge concerning physical activity and pregnancy, they do not always correctly evaluate selected forms of activities as appropriate for pregnant women. This knowledge should be supplemented, as physiotherapy students are a group of future medical professionals who will shape the health behaviors of patients.
The legal situation of a physician when parents refuse treatment on behalf of a minor patient
Authors: Rafałowicz Paweł , Pająk Karolina , Jurek Tomasz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction: Consent to or refusal of medical treatment is one of a patient’s basic rights. Medical law in this matter includes special rules regarding minors. This article comments on the legal regulations concerning the obligations and rights of physicians, parents and their dependents in the consent process.

Materials and methods: The research material primarily involved sources of Polish law, current judgments, and practical problems. The selected method relied on the analysis of legal acts. The role of guardianship courts that can override parental authority to protect the well-being of the child, has been subjected to analysis. The article contains an interpretation of the regulations in the context of specific clinical cases, such as a life-threatening emergency, so that the physician does not become exposed to civil, criminal or disciplinary liability.

Results: Consent to medical treatment is an elementary expression of patient autonomy. A statutory representative’s refusal for health service can be articulated in any way. The law does not define if it is necessary to obtain permission from both or just one of the parents. An exception to the rule of permission for medical intervention is to direct the case to the guardianship court in order to obtain the proper permits. This decision overrides parental authority. Authorized people can also give their permission for medical intervention after the treatment (ex-post consent).

Conclusions: The unclear regulations that describe the whole procedure cause difficulties in practice for doctors. It is also uncertain where the regulations of the family and guardianship code cross over parental authority. The current juridical state creates a risk to doctors of civil, penal and disciplinary penalties.
Development dynamics of outsourcing of auxiliary activities among Polish medical entities in the years 2012–2018
Authors: Borowska Mariola , Augustynowicz Anna , Czerw Aleksandra 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction: In the face of insufficient resources, healthcare providers are forced to constantly analyse and evaluate the financial economy and, within the economic framework, to rationally reduce the costs of their activities. Outsourcing is one of the ways to rationalise costs in healthcare. It concerns both core and ancillary activities.
The aim of this study was to present the dynamics of outsourcing development of auxiliary activities of medical entities in Poland.

Materials and methods: Analysis was based on the results of surveys conducted in 2012, 2014, and 2018. In 2012, 153 medical entities qualified for analysis, 156 in 2014, and 750 in 2018. The number of entities using outsourcing is presented, together with an indication of the type of services covered by outsourcing, reasons for outsourcing, benefits and drawbacks that the entities have noted, including measurement of financial effectiveness of outsourcing, and monitoring of the outsourcing partner.

Results: Medical entities usually outsource waste treatment services, likely due to the difficulty for medical entities to meet the strict requirements set out in the law. The least frequently outsourced service is nutrition, which most likely results from the dissatisfaction of medical entities with the services provided by external companies.

Conclusions: Excessive cost of maintaining employees was a common justification for outsourcing. Financial efficiency is the most desirable effect and the most frequent stimulus for medical entities undertaking various types of activities, including outsourcing in the field of auxiliary activities.
The issues of the homosexual with regards to reproductive health
Authors: Licow Agnieszka 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyze the problems of homosexual couples with regard to reproductive health, with particular emphasis on the sex and age of the subjects.

Materials and methods: The study covered a group of 100 people who described their sexual orientation as homosexual. Participation in the survey was anonymous and voluntary. The research was carried out between November 2011 and March 2012 in Poland. The research method used in this study was the diagnostic survey and the research tool employed was the survey questionnaire.

Results: In research 75% of respondents stated that homosexual orientation is an inborn characteristic; 78% of respondents had “come out” with their homosexual orientation; 84% of respondents were in favor of the legalization of partnership in Poland; 54% of respondents said they did not see any contraindications for a couple of the same sex to raise a child, and 38.8% planned to adopt a child should it be legally possible. The presence of homophobia in Polish society was confirmed by 75% of respondents.

Conclusions: Most lesbian and gay people define their sexual orientation before the age of 18. Acceptance and empathy are the most common reactions to the “coming out” of people with homosexual orientations. Homosexual people accept their sexual orientation. Lesbian and gay people are aware of sexually transmitted diseases. Homosexuals support the legalization of civil unions in Poland.
Searching for the longevity gene. Where are we heading?
Authors: Głowacka Mariola , Haor Beata , Giezek Marta , Zabielska Paulina , Wieder-Huszla Sylwia , Karakiewicz-Krawczyk Katarzyna , Barczak Katarzyna , Jurczak Anna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction: Human longevity is a complex phenotype with strong genetic components. Identifying the genetic factors which influence human longevity is a formidable challenge. The centenarian model provides us with a unique opportunity to face this challenge.
The objective of the study was to diagnose the universality of applying studies on polymorphisms favouring longevity in people over 65 years of age.

Materials and methods: Crucial articles were obtained by reviewing and analysing the PUBMED (MEDLINE) database by searching for the following entries: LEP/rs7799039, LEPR/rs1137100, FOXO1a/rs4943794, CETP/rs5882, TP53/rs1042522, IL6/ rs1800795, ACSL1 rs6552828, THRH/rs7832552, IL6/rs1800795, IGF- 1R/rs2229765, IGF-IR, IRS-1, FOXO1A, PI3KCB, testosteron (IGF-1) (DHEA-S), FOXO3 (MIM 602681), APOE, HRAS1, LASS1, CETP I405 V gene, CETP/rs9923854, APOE/rs769449, IL6/rs2069827, APOC3/rs2542052, MTP/rs2866164. Article selection was based on inclusion criteria set by the authors and the appointed Advisory Board.

Results: Most of the identified gene variants are specific to a given population. Only a small group of genes consistently show up in various types of studies and in different populations. In humans, the influence of single genes on life expectancy is negligible. What gains significance is a set of genetic variants which favours longevity. There are numerous sets of such genes.

Conclusions: The development of a new generation of sequencing techniques makes it possible to comprehend the genetic and epigenetic background of aging. Many researchers believe that aging is inevitable, but to some extent modifiable. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for aging may, in turn, indicate essential avenues of health promotion and disease prevention in middle age, so that elderly people could enjoy good health. Searching for polymorphisms specifically related to longevity enables the identification of new biological pathways connected to the control of life expectancy. Further research in this field could also help in developing more effective ways of treating age-related diseases.
Urokinase of plasminogen activator (uPA) in peritoneal fluid in patients with peritonitis
Authors: Czeszak Stanisław , Moskwa-Ziętek Anna , Ziętek Zbigniew 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction: There is a perturbation of the natural intra-peritoneal environment in peritonitis. The significant issue for treatment outcomes of peritonitis is connected with intra-peritoneal fibrinolysis.
The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in peritoneal fluid in patients operated for peritonitis.

Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 65 patients (28 women and 37 men) at a mean age 45 ±18 years diagnosed with peritonitis. The causes of peritoneal inflammation were acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis and obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. The exclusion criterion for the study was cancer, any thrombolytic or antithrombotic therapy. The peritoneal fluid obtained during the surgical procedure was collected for study, in which the concentration of uPA was determined.

Results: In the peritoneal fluid of operated patients, uPA was found. The concentration was significantly higher than that determined in their blood plasma (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions: The presence of uPA in peritoneal fluid, the concentration of which was significantly higher than in the blood plasma, indicates that during peritonitis there are some conditions for the activation of intra-peritoneal fibrinolysis. However, further investigations are required, including other components of the fibrinolysis cascade.
Adenosine receptors as therapeutic targets for the treatment of myocardial infarction and its complications. Part II. Post-myocardial infarction heart failure and arrhythmias
Authors: Puchałowicz Kamila , Safranow Krzysztof , Rać Monika , Chlubek Dariusz , Dziedziejko Violetta 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
For many years, researchers have studied the cardioprotective properties of adenosine and attempted to use the compound in the treatment of myocardial infarction. Adenosine exhibits many other effects, as well, which can be helpful in treating complications of myocardial infarction. Over the last decade, the results of over a dozen studies conducted on animal models evaluating the possibility of using adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists in the prevention and treatment of chronic heart failure and arrhythmias after myocardial infarction have been published. This is particularly important in view of the increasing number of patients suffering from such complications, associated with increased survival rates among patients due to advancements in diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction itself. Current treatments for chronic heart failure and arrhythmias are mainly symptomatic and frequently are not satisfactorily effective. Cardiac remodeling, an important mechanism behind the pathogenesis of post-myocardial infarction heart failure and arrhythmias, is a promising therapeutic target.
This review presents current reports on the use of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists as modulators of cardiac remodeling in post-myocardial infarction heart failure and arrhythmias.
Relationship between dry mouth, depression and systemic diseases in patients over 55 years of age from care homes and family homes
Authors: Barczak Katarzyna , Palczewska-Komsa Mirona , Wilk Aleksandra , Wiszniewska Barbara , Jurczak Anna , Zabielska Paulina , Buczkowska-Radlińska Jadwiga 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction: Xerostomia (dry mouth, oral dryness) is the subjective sensation of dryness in the mouth. The gradual slight decrease in the secretion of saliva is physiologically related to aging of the body. Factors that predispose patients to the occurrence of dry mouth include systemic diseases, radiotherapy, anxiety and depression.
The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between dry mouth, depression and systemic diseases in respondents living in nursing homes (NH) and family homes (FH).

Materials and methods: The study group comprised 226 respondents; 106 residents aged 55–101 years in two NH and 120 respondents living in FH. There were 110 men and 116 women. The study was based on the results of a diagnostic survey using an original questionnaire regarding general medical issues, and also the subjective feeling of dry mouth investigated with a standard Fox test. A shortened version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to assess the wellbeing of patients and their state/sense of depression. The data obtained from the survey were analysed using Statistica 12 software (StatSoft Poland).

Results: On the basis of the information and an analysis of the medical documentation of the NH group of patients, isolated systemic illness was found in only a limited number of patients. High blood pressure combined with heart disease was most frequently noted in NH (26.4%) and FH patients (25%). There was a significantly higher incidence of hypofunction and decreased secretion of saliva in NH patients (56.8%) than in FH patients (41.6%). No correlation between these symptoms and systemic diseases or depression was found in patients from either group.

Conclusions: There was no correlation between the symptoms of dry mouth and the diagnosed systemic diseases in respondents from either group. The residents of NH were characterized by a worse mental state than those in FH. The symptoms of dry mouth were statistically significantly more frequent in residents of NH than in residents of FH. The residents of NH exhibiting worse mental state more often complained of a dry mouth sensation, however the difference was not statistically significant.
Health behaviors and quality of life in fertile women using contraception
Authors: Błażejewska Joanna , Branecka-Woźniak Dorota , Stanisz Marta , Ciepiela Przemysław , Jurczak Anna , Wesołowska Jolanta , Kurzawa Rafał 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroduction: Early sexual initiation, the phenomenon of promiscuity, and voluntary childlessness are some reasons behind contraception use by women. Health-related behaviors determine the state of human health and are closely related to quality of life. The aim of the study was to analyze the manifestations of pro-health behaviors and to examine their impact on the quality of life in a group of fertile women using any form of contraception.Materials and methods: Research material was collected from August 2017 to January 2018 in the West Pomeranian Voivod-ship, from 183 women of childbearing age who had been using contraception. The questionnaire consisted of a author’s part and the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Statistical analysis used descriptive and analytical methods, such as the Shapiro–Wilk test and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. A structure index containing a percentage was used. The results obtained were statistically analyzed using χ2 test for independent samples. The probability value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Among pro-health behaviors, 80.9% of the women declared that they performed some physical activity at least once a week, 76% stated that their eating habits were correct, 47% went to a gynecologist once a year, 83.6% claimed they regularly performed preventive examinations. The better the subjective assessment of health, the higher the quality of life in the psychological domain (p < 0.001). The better the nutritional habits were assessed, the better the quality of life in the environment domain (p < 0.05). Not using stimulants had a positive impact on the quality of life in the physical health domain (p < 0.05). A rise in the frequency of follow-up visits to a gynecologist led to a rise in the quality of life in social relationships and physical health domains (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The manifestation of pro-health behaviors in women of childbearing age who use contraception has a positive influence on the quality of their lives in almost all the domains. The overriding purpose of pro-health education is to strengthen the actions of women who display healthy behaviors and, in the case of those exposed to a reduced quality of life due to unhealthy practices, conduct intervention and preventive actions while respecting the woman’s individual biopsychosocial needs.
Nd:YAG low-level laser treatment in burning mouth syndrome: a pilot study
Authors: Sun Chen , Xu Pan , Zhang Qian-Qian , Jiang Wei-Wen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background : Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is chronic disorder characterized by pain/burning sensation in oral cavity. Nd:YAG low-level laser (LLL) has been used in the treatment of pain reduction. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of LLL verse no power placebo with Nd:YAG in the treatment of patients with BMS in pain/burning, numbness and altered taste. Methods : Forty-two patients with BMS were randomly equally assigned into LLL group and placebo group. The parameters of Nd:YAG irradiation consisted of 100mW power, 3J/cm 2 energy density, 10 Hz, pulse mode and a 1064nm wavelength emission. The placebo group used the same LLL instrument which was switched off. Each patient underwent one laser irradiation session per week for 4 weeks. Clinical assessment of subjective pain/burning, numbness and altered taste was performed using a visual analogue score (VAS) before each irradiation session and one week after last treatment. Results : All of patients (21) was showed significant decreasing of VAS value of pain/burning (ranged from 2% ~100%, mean 52%) after 4-weeks LLL treatment. The improvement of VAS value of numbness in LLL group (ranged from 23% ~100%, mean 61%) was significant from the baseline to the end of LLL treatment. Relief of altered taste was found neither in LLL group nor in placebo group. All patients completed this study and none of them reported adverse effects. Conclusions : Nd:YAG LLL (100mw, 3J/cm 2 , 10 Hz) ) was effective for reduction of pain/burning and numbness in patients with BMS.
The Change of GFAP or S100B Concentration in Serum Before and After Carotid Artery Stenting
Authors: Yuan Xiaofan , Yang Shu , Guo Lei , Wang Duozi , Huang Jie , Wang Jianhong , Guo Fuqiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background：This study explored the role of GFAP and S100B as cerebral biomarkers in the pre-operative evaluation and post-operative efficacy in monitoring of carotid stent implantation. Method：32 with unilateral carotid stenosis who underwent carotid artery stenting (CAS) enrolled in the CAS group. The blood samples of operation patients were collected on three different time points: T1: the day before operation; T2: 24 hours after operation; T3, 72 hours after operation. 32 who were excluded for carotid artery stenosis by Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) were selected as the control group. The blood samples of patients in control group were collected at D1 (before DSA) and D2 (24 hours after DSA). Results：(1). The serum concentrations of GFAP and S100B was higher in the CAS group before operation than those in DSA group（P<0.05）. (2). In the operation group, GFAP and S100B increased significantly on the first day after operation (T2) and decreased gradually on the third day after operation (T3) but increased compared with that before operation (T1) with statistical significance (P < 0.05). (3). For patients with symptomatic stenosis before operation, the concentrations of GFAP and S100B in serum were higher than those in patients without symptomatic stenosis (P < 0.05). Conclusions： The cerebral biochemical markers GFAP and S100B have a certain change trend after CAS, which can be used as a method to evaluate and monitor the curative effect before and after carotid artery stent implantation combined with imaging tools.