bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the World Health Organization Basic Emergency Care Course in Tanzania and Uganda
Authors: Kivlehan Sean , Dixon Julia , Kalanzi Joseph , Sawe Hendry , Chien Emily , Robert Jordan , Wallis Lee , Reynolds Teri 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: There is a pressing need for emergency care training in low-resource settings. We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of training front-line health care providers in emergency care with the WHO-ICRC Basic Emergency Care Course using a training-of-trainers model with local providers.Methods: Observational study of an educational intervention at four first level district hospitals in Tanzania and Uganda. A two-day training-of-trainers course was held in both Tanzania and Uganda. These were immediately followed by a 5-day BEC course, taught by the newly trained trainers, at two district level hospitals in each country. Difference between pre- and post-basic emergency care knowledge assessments and difference in pre- and post-emergency care skill confidence scores were assessed. Secondary outcomes include qualitative feedback on the training from participants and trainers. Results: 59 participants completed the BEC courses. All participants were current health care workers in the selected hospitals. An additional 10 participants completed a training-of-trainers course. Knowledge assessment scores improved significantly at all four sites with an overall 20.7 point (95%CI: 16.8 to 24.6; p <0.0001) absolute increase on a 100-point scale. Confidence scores on emergency care skills also improved significantly at all sites, 0.74 point (95%CI 0.63-0.84; p <0.0001) absolute increase on a 4-point scale. Main qualitative feedback themes were: positive reception of the sessions, especially hands-on skills; request for additional BEC trainings; request for obstetric topics; and need for more allotted training time.Conclusions: Implementation of WHO-ICRC BEC Course by locally trained providers was feasible, acceptable, and well-received at four sites in East Africa. Knowledge assessment scores and trainee confidence increased significantly at all sites. The BEC is a low-cost intervention that can improve knowledge and skill confidence across provider cadres.
GRUPO OPERATIVO COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE AUTOCUIDADO PARA PORTADORES DE DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2
Authors: Silva Tiara Cunha , Leal Davyd Christyan de Menezes Ferreira , Bruno Juliana Ramos 
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção dos diabéticos sobre a patologia, o tratamento e o autocuidado antes e após a implementação de um grupo operativo. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo descritivo, longitudinal de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 cadastrados na área de abrangência da equipe 07 da Unidade Saúde da Família 712 Sul no município de Palmas-Tocantins, que tiveram adesão a três ou mais encontros do grupo operativo. Foi realizado cinco encontros do grupo no período de maio a agosto de 2015. A coleta de dados ocorreu através da entrevista semi-estruturada antes e após a implementação do grupo operativo. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa do CEULP-ULBRA sob parecer nº 1063446. Resultados e Discussão: Aceitaram participar da pesquisa dezessete diabéticos, sendo que destes, nove participantes tiveram adesão a três ou mais encontros do grupo operativo. As falas foram analisadas com base na Análise de Conteúdo e originou as seguintes categorias: Conhecimento acerca da doença, Mudança no estilo de vida, Dificuldades encontradas para seguir o tratamento e Sentimentos frente à doença. Conclusão: Os resultados do estudo demonstraram que a implementação do grupo operativo realizado a partir de abordagens lúdicas, dialógica, participativa, com o favorecimento da escuta reflexão e problematização da realidade do usuário, proporcionaram aos diabéticos uma melhor compreensão acerca do seu processo saúde-doença, incorporando mudanças de comportamento significativas para melhoria da qualidade de vida.
Penerapan Strategi Brain-Based Learning Berbantuan Geogebra Terhadap Kemampuan Berfikir Kreatif Siswa
Authors: Sari Suci Lupita , Hidayati Destia Wahyu , Wahyuni Arie 
Published: December 2019

<p>The purpose of this study is to determine the average mathematical creative thinking ability of students by using Geogebra-assisted Brain-Based Learning strategies more than KKM (70) and to find out the average mathematical creative thinking ability of students using more Brain-Based Learning strategies assisted by Geogebra higher than students' creative mathematical thinking abilities using conventional methods. This research uses quantitative methods. The sample of this study was students of class VIII-A as many as 16 students as the experimental class and class VIII-B as many as 18 students as the control class. The results of this study indicate that students' creative thinking abilities using Geogebra-assisted Brain-Based Learning strategies are more than 70 and there are significant differences between the abilities of students who obtain conventional learning with students who learn with the Geogebra-Aided Brain-Based Learning model.</p><p class="JRPMAbstractBody" align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p>
Effectiveness of Bacteriophage Therapy in Field Conditions and Possible Future Applications
Authors: Adhikari Niran , Acharya Krishna P. 
Published: December 2019

Background:Bacteriophages are viruses, which are obligate parasites of specific bacteria for the completion of their lifecycle. Bacteriophages could be the possible alternative to antibioticresistant bacterial diseases. With this objective, extensive research in different fields is published which are discussed in this article.Results:After a review of bacteriophage therapy, bacteriophages were found to be effective against the multidrug-resistant bacteria individually or synergistically with antibiotics. They were found to be more effective, even better than the bacteria in the development of a vaccine.Conclusion:Thus, bacteriophage therapy offers promising alternatives in the treatment of antibioticresistant bacteria in different fields. However, their effectiveness is determined by a triad of bacteriophages (type & quantity), host (bacteria) and environmental factors.
Microneedle-Assisted Percutaneous Transport of Magnesium Sulfate
Authors: Ghimirey Karna B. , Ita Kevin 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
In vitro diffusion experiments were performed to assess the permeation of magnesium
sulfate across pig skin.

Method:
The mean thickness of the dermatomed porcine skin was 648 ± 12 µm. Magnesium concentration
was measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Transdermal
flux of magnesium sulfate across MN-treated and untreated porcine skin was obtained from the slope of
the steady-state linear portion of cumulative amount versus time curve.

Results:
Statistical analysis of the results was done with Student’s t-test. The transdermal flux of magnesium
sulfate across microneedle-treated porcine skin was 134.19 ± 2.4 µg/cm2/h and transdermal flux
across untreated porcine skin was 4.64 ± 0.05 µg/cm2/h. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize the
microchannels created by a solid microneedle roller (500 µm).

Conclusion:
From our confocal microscopy studies, it was evident that the 500 μm long microneedles
disrupted the stratum corneum and created microchannels measuring 191 ± 37 µm. The increase in
transdermal flux across the microneedle-treated skin was statistically significant compared to that of
controls, i.e., without the application of microneedles. With the application of microneedles, the transdermal
flux of magnesium permeated over 12 h was approximately 33-fold higher in comparison to
passive diffusion across an intact stratum corneum.
Overlapping Versus “Kissing” Plates in Femur: A FEM Study
Authors: Santoro Daniele , Nardi Michele , Lasorella Fabio , Bignardi Cristina 
Published: December 2019

Introduction:
The progressively aging population makes higher the probability of operate fractures in patients who have underwent past long bones fixation. Surgeons may consider not to remove the past implant because of poor bone quality and low life expectancy, but attention must be paid to avoid the origin of new dangerous stresses. There is still a lack of evidence in determining which is the best relation between a plate already implanted in the past and a new fixation device.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate how the bone-implant stress distribution changes with two different plate configurations: overlapped (the tip of new plate covering part of the old one) versus “kissing” (the tips of the plates in close contact).
This study was based on a finite element analysis by means of Rhinoceros® and Ansys Work bench software programs. In order to reduce confusing factors, the femur was considered to be not fractured.

Materials & Methods:
Different features have been tested: bone quality, plate materials, and plate configurations. The study was conducted by evaluating stress values in different femur sections. The same parameters were evaluated in a femur without plates. Three phases of gait were simulated: Heel-strike, midstance, and toe-off.

Results:
Heel-strike phase has shown to reach the highest stresses. In general, stresses are lower in the overlapping plates configuration when compared to the “kissing” plates one.

Conlusion:
The main evidence shown in this study is that, in silico, the overlapped configuration can decrease the stress under the plates intersection, without increasing the stress shielding.
Non-Healing Ulcer, managed through Unani Formulation along with Leech Therapy: A Case Study
Authors: Ahmad Minhaj , Zaidi Zehra , Nasir Abdul 
Published: December 2019

A male patient aged 43yrs. came to surgery OPD Majeedia Unani Hospital Jamia Hamdard New Delhi, in September 2018 with the complain of ulcer in the right foot posteriorly along the necrosis of Tendon Achilles. He was unable to walk a distance of about 100 meter due severe pain in the ulcer and calf muscle. limping on movement was very prominent. After required investigations and local examination of wounds, patient was planned and treated by local application, and combination of Unani Medicines formulations along with leech therapy as described in texts of Unani System of Medicine. With this Unani treatment non healing ulcer completely healed without any locomotor disturbances. The condition of leg totally resolved without any complications and side effects.
Keywords: Non healing ulcer, Unani medicine, leech therapy.
In Vivo and In Vitro Antidiabetic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Dactylorhiza Hatagirea Roots: An Evaluation of Possible Phytoconstituents
Authors: Choukarya Rashmi , Choursia Ashish , Rathi Jagdish 
Published: December 2019

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorder which causes microvascular and macrovascular complications. Several synthetic drugs used to treat diabetes have adverse effects on prolonged usage. This has given the impetus to the search for alternative medicines with no or less side effects. The plants of Orchidaceae family have displayed antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer and antidiabetic activity. However, their antidiabetic properties are yet to be explored. This study sought to evaluate the antidiabetic potentials of hydroalcoholic extract of root of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. hatagirea) in diabetic rats. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature and quercetin was detected in hydroalcoholic extract of root of D. hatagirea under study by using RP-HPLC analysis. Percentage inhibition of α-amylase activity by D. hatagirea root extract was estimated with acarbose as the positive control, D. hatagirea extract show dose dependent activity. IC50 value of acarbose and extract was found to 35.33 and 224.45 µg/ml respectively. Diabetes was induced in wistar albino rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg; i.p.). The of hydroalcoholic extract of D. hatagirea at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight was administrated at a single dose per day to diabetes-induced rats for a period of 15 day. The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of D. hatagirea root on blood glucose, total cholesterol (TR), triglycerides (TG), total protein and body weight were measured in the diabetic rats. The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of D. hatagirea root elicited significant reduction in blood glucose (p<0.001), (p<0.01), lipid parameters (TC, TG, total protein) (p<0.01) and significantly increased body weight at the dose of 200 mg/kg when compared with the diabetic-induced control. For future studies, phytochemcials responsible for various activities can be isolated and modified for pharmacological purpose.This study, therefore, justifies the use of the plant in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Phytochemical profile, Quercetin,
Formulation and Evaluation of Tacrolimus Transdermal Gel
Authors: Suryakumari CH. , Narender M. , Umasankar K. , Panda Siva Prasad , Koteswara Rao S.N. , Panda Subhranshu 
Published: December 2019

The present investigation is concerned with formulation and evaluation of Transdermal gels of Tacrolimus, anti-psoriasis drug, to circumvent the first pass effect and to improve its bioavailability with reduction in dosing frequency and dose related side effects. Twelve formulations were developed with varying concentrations of polymers like Carbopol 934P, HPMCK4M and Sodium CMC. The gels were tested for clarity, Homogeneity, Spreadability, Extrudability, Viscosity, surface pH, drug Content uniformity, in-vitro drug diffusion study and ex-vivo permeation study using rat abdominal skin. FTIR studies showed no evidence on interactions between drug, polymers and excipients. The best in-vitro drug release profile was achieved with the formulation F4 containing 0.5 mg of exhibited 6 hr drug release i.e. 98.68 % with desired therapeutic concentration which contains the drug and Carbopol 934p in the ratio of 1:2. The surface pH, drug content and viscosity of the formulation F4 was found to be 6.27, 101.3% and 3, 10,000cps respectively. The drug permeation from formulation F4 was slow and steady and 0.89gm of tacrolimus could permeate through the rat abdominal skin membrane with a flux of 0.071 gm hr-1 cm-2. The in-vitro release kinetics studies reveal that all formulations fit well with zero order kinetics followed by non-Fickian diffusion mechanism.
Keywords: Transdermal gel, Viscosity, In-vitro drug release, In-vitro drug release kinetics study, Ex-vivo permeation study
Isolation of Phytochemical and Evaluation of Antiasthmatic Potency of Ficus racemosa
Authors: Shinde Suvarna , Rao Priya S , Dighe Santosh B , Dukare T. P. 
Published: December 2019

The Present study reports important secondary metabolites present in Ficus racemosa The Ficus racemosa belong to the family Moraceae, it is popularly known as Glomerata, Cluster fig tree as well as ‘Udumbara’ in Marathi. Various plant parts such as bark, root, leaf, fruits are used as astringent, carminative, anti-dysentery, diabetes, leucoderma, antiasthmatic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant. The powdered Bark was subjected for extraction by using ethanol. These extract were evaluated for detection of various secondary metabolites, like Steroids, Glycosides, tannins, Terpenoids, Alkaloids, Flavonoids. This work evaluated the stem bark of this plant for its Phytochemical and Antiasthmatic activity.
Keywords: Ficus racemosa, Steroids, Antiasthmatic, Moraceae
A központosított felhasználó azonosítás jelene és jövője: biztonságos infrastruktúra vagy időzített bomba?
Authors: Roskó Tibor 
Published: December 2019

Kutatási projektünk célkitűzése a globálisan központosított felhasználó azonosítás bevezetés lehetőségének vizsgálata, támogatási modellek kidolgozása. Hipotézisünk, hogy a globálisan központosított felhasználó azonosítás eredményesen növelheti a biztonságot és hozzájárulhat az adatvédelmi előírások hatékony, gyakorlati implementálásához. Az olvasót, jelen publikációnk keretében, egy úton szeretnénk végigvezetni, melynek célállomása hipotézisünk igazolása, miközben átfogóan megismerheti a közelmúlt adatvédelmi incidenseinek hatásait, iránymutatást kaphat mind felhasználóként, mind szolgáltatóként a biztonság növelésére a személyes adatok megosztásával kapcsolatosan és nem elhanyagolandó, kutatásunk célkitűzéseit.
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The present and future of centralized user authentication: secure infrastructure or a time-bomb?

The goal of our research project is to exam the possibility of using globally centra¬lized user authentication and developing support models. Our hypothesis is that glob¬ally centralized user identification can effectively increase security and contribute to the effective implementation of data protection regulations in practice. In the con¬text of our present publication, the reader would like to be guided along a path, the purpose of which is to prove our hypothesis while gaining a comprehensive under¬standing of the effects of recent data protection incidents, providing guidance both as a user and as a service provider to enhance security in sharing personal information and not neglecting the goals of our research. We will publish more detailed theoretical and implementation descriptions of our models in a separate paper.
Kansanterveystieteen ekologinen käänne-Kohti ekososiaalista terveysparadigmaa
Authors: Kuukka Katja , Lehtonen Annastiina , Pulkki Jutta 
Published: December 2019

Ilmastonmuutos, biodiversiteettikato, maaperän köyhtyminen ja vesistöjen saastuminen ovat esimerkkejä planeetallamme käynnissä olevista ekosysteemien kriiseistä. Näiden ekokriisien on tunnistettu vaikuttavan suoraan ja epäsuorasti, lyhyellä ja pitkällä tähtäimellä myös ihmiskunnan terveyteen. Ekologinen näkökulma onkin tullut yhä vahvemmin näkyväksi kansainvälisesti myös terveystieteen piirissä. Suomalaiseen kansanterveystieteeseen ja sen sovellusaloihin, kuten terveyden edistämisen politiikkaan, ekologinen näkökulma odottaa kuitenkin kiinnittymistään.
Vertailemme tässä artikkelissa terveystieteissä käytettyjä ekologisesti orientoituneita käsitteitä ja näkökulmia. Näitä ovat One Health, EcoHealth, Planetary Health ja Ecological public health. Näiden lisäksi esittelemme muilta tieteenaloilta tutun ekososiaalisen paradigman. Näiden pohjalta hahmottelemme uuden ekososiaalisen terveysparadigman suuntaviivat. Tarkoituksena on lisätä ekologisesti orientoituneiden käsitteiden tunnettuutta Suomessa sekä punnita niiden mahdollisuuksia ja rajoitteita. Artikkeli perustuu aiempaan kirjallisuuteen, jonka avulla kuvaamme edellä mainittujen käsitteiden yhtäläisyyksiä ja eroja.
Terveystieteiden alalla on käytössä useita ekologisesti orientoituneita käsitteitä, joissa on yhtäläisyyksiä, mutta myös selkeitä eroja. Näiden käsitteiden rajoitteena on, että ne eivät pureudu ekokriisien, ja siten myös ihmisten terveyteen vaikuttaviin juurisyihin, kuten talouskasvun ihanteeseen ja ihmisen tuhoavaan luontosuhteeseen. Hahmottelemamme ekososiaalinen terveysparadigma ottaa huomioon käytössä olevien käsitteiden puutteet. Siinä terveys ymmärretään holistisena kokonaisuutena, ihmisen luontosuhde relationaalisena, ekologiset determinantit keskeisinä kansanterveyden määrittäjinä, ja talouskasvu ekologisten kriisien, niistä aiheutuvien terveyshaittojen sekä terveyden eriarvoisuuden juurisyynä. Esittämämmekin ekososiaalisen terveysparadigman omaksumista vaikuttavamman ekologisen käänteen mahdollistamiseksi niin kansanterveystieteen ajattelussa kuin käytännöissäkin.
Hubungan Karakter Siswa Dengan Hasil Belajar Sosiologi Siswa Kelas X dan XI IPS di SMANegeri 2 Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman
Authors: Zahratul Atika Nadya , Junaidi Junaidi 
Published: December 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini dirancang untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakter peserta didik terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik kelas X dan XI IPS di SMA N 2 Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian expost facto. Populasi penelitian aadalah semua peserta didik kelas X dan XI IPS di SMA Negeri 2 Batang Anai sebanyak 259 orang peserta didik. Ukuran sample penelitian sebanayak 157 orang peserta didik ditentukan dengan rumus Arikunto, selanjutnya sampel setiap kelas ditentukan dengan teknik Proportional random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan angket dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi yang signifikn antara variabel karakter peserta didik dengan hasil belajar sosiologi peserta didik kelas X dan XI IPS di SMA Negeri 2 Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman yang dibuktikan dengan koefisien korelasi (rᵪᵧ) 0.352> 0.156.
Creación musical a partir de una lengua originaria
Authors: Avendaño Axel 
Published: December 2019

Los procesos creativos en música, suelen ser no-lineales: una serie de decisiones entre un gran número de opciones y probabilidades no sólo sonoras, sino también sígnicas. Interpretamos el mundo sonoro de acuerdo a nuestros parámetros y formas de escuchar el entorno; sin embargo, cuando el contexto que deseamos representar es distinto al nuestro y a nuestra cultura, no resulta claro qué debe entenderse bajo las premisas del “contexto originario”. De esta cuenta, el trabajo musical realizado a partir de una lengua originaria toma características de interpretación y “captura de datos” desde donde deberán andarse varios caminos que nos conduzcan a un “mejor resultado”, tanto sonoro como interpretativo de la alteridad que proporciona la información fuente necesaria para la creación. Así, este trabajo se enfoca en una estética del goce y la sensualidad cognitiva a través de que originario y no-originario, auténtico e inauténtico, autóctono y alóctono, pueden tratarse como contrariedades o bien como complementos relativos. Se propone una “armonización dialéctica” de las dos epistemologías de la cuales se dispone: la “escrita y pensada” desde la sonoridad de lo español/europeo, y la escrita pensada desde la sonoridad de lo k’iché/maya. Este ejercicio va más allá de la búsqueda abstracta de las historias y de los sonidos y sonidos de las historias, privilegiando la investigación de campo y la etnografía a partir de la cual es posible el análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de datos dirigidos al abastecimiento de procesos creativos.
Nomenclatural novelties in the fossil genus Spinopalmoxylon (Arecaceae) from the Central European Oligocene and Miocene: A whole-plant concept for Spinopalmoxylon daemonorops
Authors: Winterscheid Heinrich 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The fossil genus Spinopalmoxylon from the Central European Oligocene and Miocene comprises three species: S. daemonorops, S. parvifructum sp. nov. and S. cicatricosum sp. nov. Here the species S. daemonorops is amended and its name is proposed as nomen conservandum against S. teutonicum. A series of synonyms is provided. In addition, two new species are described from late Oligocene deposits of Niederpleis: S. parvifructum sp. nov. (pistillate inflorescence, fruits, and seeds) and S. cicatricosum sp. nov. (staminate inflorescence and pollen). These three Spinopalmoxylon species together are proposed as a whole plant.
Floras with the Spinopalmoxylon palm reflect the vegetation of the near-shore fluvial floodplain and back-swamp environments of the late Oligocene (Chattian) Köln Formation (Clay 1) and early Miocene (Burdigalian) Ville Formation (Seam 6A) in the northern foreland of the Siebengebirge Volcanic Field near Bonn, at the southeastern margin of the Lower Rhine Basin.