bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aptamer‐based ellipsometric sensor for ultrasensitive determination of aminoglycoside group antibiotics from dairy products
Authors: Caglayan Mustafa Oguzhan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDResidual antibiotics taken along with food consumed through the food chain are the main cause of the super‐bacteria and may damage organs such as liver and kidney. Therefore, monitoring residual antibiotic levels of products in the food chain is both important and a requirement. Maximum residual limits for kanamycin and neomycin are 150 ng mL−1 and 500 ng mL−1 respectively, which are challenging for most sensor platforms. In this paper, a novel method is presented for the determination of antibiotics residues in animal‐derived foods.RESULTSAptamer‐based kanamycin and neomycin biosensors based on the spectroscopic ellipsometer and the surface plasmon resonance‐enhanced total internal reflection ellipsometer methods as transducing element were developed. Detection limits of both sensor platforms were in the 0.1–1 nmol L−1 ranges, and the detection range was between the detection limit and 1000 nmol L−1.CONCLUSIONBoth ellipsometry‐based aptasensors can be used as an alternative to the existing enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay‐based method in terms of assay time (10 min), detection limit (0.22 ng mL−1 for neomycin and 0.048 ng mL−1 for kanamycin), and detection range. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Current status of retention time prediction in metabolite identification
Authors: Witting Michael , Böcker Sebastian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMetabolite identification is a crucial step in nontargeted metabolomics, but also represents one of its current bottlenecks. Accurate identifications are required for correct biological interpretation. To date, annotation and identification are usually based on the use of accurate mass search or tandem mass spectrometry analysis, but neglect orthogonal information such as retention times obtained by chromatographic separation. While several tools are available for the analysis and prediction of tandem mass spectrometry data, prediction of retention times for metabolite identification are not widespread. Here, we review the current state of retention time prediction in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics, with a focus on publications published after 2010.
Enhanced pseudotargeted analysis using a segment data dependent acquisition strategy by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for a metabolomics study of liquiritin in the treatment of depression
Authors: Yang Jina , Jin Wenbin , Liu Danyang , Zhong Qisheng , Zhou Ting 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn enhanced pseudotargeted method using a segment data‐dependent acquisition mode based on ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was developed. This segment data dependent acquisition‐based pseudotargeted method could improve the detection of co‐eluted ions and extend the coverage of analytes. A set of 502 multiple reaction monitoring channels were obtained by this segment strategy, which was twice the number created by the traditional data‐dependent acquisition mode. Compared with the untargeted method, the pseudotargeted profiling demonstrated higher sensitivity and higher precision. More than 90% of the metabolites detected by the enhanced pseudotargeted method had relative standard deviations less than 15%. The segment data dependent acquisition‐based pseudotargeted method was successfully applied to the metabolomics study of the depressed rats with the treatment of liquiritin. Forty‐seven differential metabolites were screened and five metabolic pathways were found to be related to depression including retinol metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and lysine degradation. The segment data dependent acquisition‐based pseudotargeted method widened the coverage of metabolites with good sensitivity and precision, which exhibited great potential in the discovery of differential metabolites in metabolomics studies.
How you see yourself influences your color preference: Effects of self‐construal on evaluations of color combinations
Authors: Jeon Eunmi , Han Youngjee , Nam Myungwoo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present study examines the role of self‐construal in the preference for analogous versus complementary color combinations. The majority of previous research on color has been limited to exploration of single colors. However, designers and marketers often use a mix of colors whose harmony must be taken into consideration, which includes choosing whether to use colors placed next to each other on the color wheel (analogous combination) or to combine colors that are opposite each other (complementary combination). The current study proposes that self‐construal influences the perception of and preference for color combinations. Individuals with interdependent self‐construals tend to focus on relational similarity and value harmony, whereas individuals with independent self‐construals tend to view objects as discrete and disconnected. Accordingly, the authors posited that individuals with interdependent self‐construals would be more sensitive to the relationship between two colors and perceive analogous colors as more harmonious, thus preferring brands and products featuring analogous colors to those featuring complementary colors. Contrariwise, individuals with independent self‐construals would display indifference in this regard. The hypotheses were confirmed in four studies employing various colors to form analogous and complementary color combinations.
Transdermal drug delivery and patches—An overview
Authors: Bird David , Ravindra Nuggehalli M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTransdermal drug delivery is a multibillion‐dollar industry, with an average of one transdermal being approved by the Federal Drug Administration every 2.2 years. The first transdermal drug patch was approved by the Food and Drug Administration approximately 40 years ago, meriting a systematic review of the technology, industry and products. Patches are a unique technique offering the ability for transdermal drug delivery systems on demand. The limiting factors for transdermal delivery systems are the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of an active drug enabling delivery across the skin. An overview of the skin anatomy and natural barrier it presents for pharmaceuticals to be administered transdermally is presented in this study. The clinical trials, patents, commercialization, advantages and limitations of the technology are examined. Finally, 3D printing technologies are discussed, emphasizing the tailorable transdermal system, enhancing bioavailability and revolutionizing current ‘one size fits all’ manufacturing approach with capabilities that are utilized throughout the drug development timeline.
A pathogen imprinted hybrid polymer capacitive sensor for selective Escherichia coli detection
Authors: Mugo Samuel M. , Lu Weihao , Dhanjai Dhanjai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA versatile pathogen imprinted polymer electrochemical sensor has been developed for Escherichia coli detection. The sensor is based on layer by layer assembly of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNT), nanocellulose (CNC) films, integrated with polyaniline (PANI) doped phenylboronic acid (PBA). The sensing layer is a poly(methacrylic acid) based pathogen microcontact imprinted polymer (PIP). The PIP@PBA/PANI@CNT/CNC sensor exhibits a high affinity towards E. coli in real biological matrices, while effective in discriminating E. coli amidst other bacteria. Using capacitance and impedance as transduction methods, the PIP sensor recorded a low limit of E. coli detection of 8.7 ± 0.5 cfu/ml, with a rapid response of ≤5 min.
Purine and pyrimidine transporters of pathogenic protozoa – conduits for therapeutic agents
Authors: Campagnaro Gustavo D. , de Koning Harry P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurines and pyrimidines are essential nutrients for any cell. Most organisms are able to synthesize their own purines and pyrimidines, but this ability was lost in protozoans that adapted to parasitism, leading to a great diversification in transporter activities in these organisms, especially for the acquisition of amino acids and nucleosides from their hosts throughout their life cycles. Many of these transporters have been shown to have sufficiently different substrate affinities from mammalian transporters, making them good carriers for therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize the knowledge obtained on purine and pyrimidine activities identified in protozoan parasites to date and discuss their importance for the survival of these parasites and as drug carriers, as well as the perspectives of developments in the field.
Rapid detection by hydrops panel of Noonan syndrome with PTPN11 mutation (p.Thr73Ile) and persistent thrombocytopenia
Authors: Schönfeld Mascha , Selig Mareike , Russo Alexandra , Lindner Christine , Kampmann Christoph , Mildenberger Eva , Whybra Catharina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundNonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is still a challenging diagnosis. The differential diagnosis is extensive and the success of identifying a cause depends on the thoroughness of efforts to establish a diagnosis. For the early diagnosis of NIHF, a virtual gene panel diagnostic tool was developed. The female premature baby in question was delivered via emergency cesarean at 30 + 1 weeks of gestational age (GA) due to rapidly developing NIHF to a healthy mother. The family history was noncontributory.MethodsDNA of the family was extracted and sequenced by the virtual hydrops panel with whole‐exome sequencing.ResultsThe hydrops panel revealed Noonan syndrome (NS) with a germline mutation in PTPN11 c.218C>T (p.Thr73Ile).ConclusionThe diagnosis of our patient was rapidly confirmed by the hydrops panel. The variant of c.218C>T (p.Thr73Ile) has not yet been described in literature relating to NIHF. Only a few case reports of this variant are known. This particular mutation is associated with Noonan syndrome, congenital heart defect and persistent thrombocytopenia. Few reveal juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia.
Experimental verification the electron return effect around spherical air cavities for the MR‐Linac using Monte Carlo calculation
Authors: Shortall J. , Vasquez Osorio E. , Aitkenhead A. , Berresford J. , Agnew J. , Budgell G. , Chuter R. , McWilliam A. , Kirkby K. , Mackay R. , van Herk M. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeDose deposition around unplanned air cavities during magnetic resonance‐guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) is influenced by the electron return effect (ERE). This is clinically relevant for gas forming close to or inside organs at risk (OARs) that lie in the path of a single beam, for example, intestinal track during pelvic treatment. This work aims to verify Monte Carlo calculations that predict the dosimetric effects of ERE around air cavities. For this, we use GafChromic EBT3 film inside poly‐methyl methacrylate (PMMA) –air phantoms.MethodFour PMMA phantoms were produced. Three of the phantoms contained centrally located spherical air cavities (0.5, 3.5, 7.5 cm diameter), and one phantom contained no air. The phantoms were split to sandwich GafChromic EBT3 film in the center. The phantoms were irradiated on an Elekta Unity system using a single 10 × 10 cm2 7‐MV photon beam under the influence of a 1.5‐T transverse magnetic field. The measurements were replicated using the Elekta Monaco treatment planning system (TPS). Gamma analysis with pass criteria 3%/3 mm was used to compare the measured and calculated dose distributions. We also consider 3%/2 mm, 2%/3 mm, and 2%/2 mm pass criteria for interest.ResultsThe gamma analysis showed that >95% of the points agreed between the TPS‐calculated and measured dose distributions, using 3%/3 mm criteria. The phantom containing the largest air cavity had the lowest agreement, with most of the disagreeing points lying inside the air cavity (dose to air region).ConclusionsThe dose effects due to ERE around spherical air cavities are being calculated in the TPS with sufficient accuracy for clinical use.
Empirical Evaluation of Oxytetracycline and F1 Genetics to Differentiate Stocked from Wild Largemouth Bass
Authors: Bunch Aaron J. , Donovan Brady P. , Hoogakker Frederick J. , Peatman Eric 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Evaluation and monitoring of stocking effectiveness is essential to make informed fisheries management decisions. Chemical marking, such as oxytetracycline (OTC), is often used for differentiating stocked from wild fish but has inherent error in mark longevity and otolith evaluation. Genetic analysis of recaptures provides a viable alternative. In this study, fingerlings (~50 mm TL) of F1 intergrade Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides (Florida Largemouth Bass M. salmoides floridanus × Northern Largemouth Bass M. salmoides salmoides) were marked with OTC via immersion and stocked into the Chickahominy River, Virginia, from 2005 to 2007 and more recently from 2015 to 2017, totaling 595,000 fish. We collected Largemouth Bass in 2015 and 2017 during long-term monitoring on the tidal portion of the Chickahominy River in Virginia. Fish were retained for aging, OTC evaluation, and genetic analysis. Although precision (i.e., agreement) was high (95%) when comparing the two methods, by establishing a baseline number of known recaptures (N = 19 samples verified by genetics), we determined that detection probability (accuracy) was 63%. Differentiating stocked from wild fish with genetics provides advantages over OTC immersion for stocking evaluations, including potential cost and labor savings. Future studies should routinely incorporate an evaluation of tagging detection rate to accurately adjust percent contribution estimates.
Evaluation of Alligator Gar Broodfish Collections in the Lower Mobile–Tensaw Delta, Alabama
Authors: Armstrong David L. , Purcell Tommy R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In Alabama, Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula populations have experienced a decline in abundance and due to their limited distribution are classified as a nongame species of moderate conservation concern. Conservation management plans have included creel limits and stocking to augment a diminished population within the lower Alabama River. Our objective was to evaluate gill-net efficacy on catch and the environmental variables associated with improving broodfish capture rates for hatchery propagation. Broodfish collections were initiated and completed over 75 sample dates between March 2005 and April 2015. Collectors utilized multifilament gill nets consisting of three mesh sizes (101.6, 127.0, and 152.4 mm) and three net lengths (22.9, 30.5, and 61.0 m). Gill nets (n = 569) expended 2,173 h of soak time, resulting in the capture of 101 individuals (TL range = 1,020–2,210 mm). Catch was highest for the smallest mesh size, but net panel length did not influence catch rates. Median fish lengths increased with larger mesh sizes. Catch declined more than sevenfold for net soaks of 1 h or more, and the proportion of successful gill nets declined threefold for longer soak times. Examination of environmental conditions during and prior to the setting of gill nets demonstrated that fish capture success was in part influenced by various aspects of tidal current and water temperature. Catch success was 68% when nets were set at water temperatures of at least 20°C and when at least 50% of net soak time occurred during rising tides. However, success was lower when nets were set at temperatures less than 20°C, capturing Alligator Gar in 44% of all soaks and 37% for those on falling or slack tides. Agencies involved in hatchery propagation programs should continually evaluate field sampling methods, use of collection gear, and environmental conditions to increase broodfish catch rates and improve staff efficacy.
Evidence for Protein Leverage in Children and Adolescents with Obesity
Authors: Saner Christoph , Tassoni Daniella , Harcourt Brooke E. , Kao Kung‐Ting , Alexander Erin J. , McCallum Zoe , Olds Timothy , Rowlands Alex V. , Burgner David P. , Simpson Stephen J. , Raubenheimer David , Senior Alistair M. , Juonala Markus , Sabin Matthew A. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test the protein leverage hypothesis in a cohort of youth with obesity.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in a cohort of youth with obesity attending a tertiary weight management service. Validated food questionnaires revealed total energy intake (TEI) and percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates (%EC), fats (%EF), and proteins (%EP). Individuals with a Goldberg cutoff ≥ 1.2 of the ratio of reported TEI to basal metabolic rate from fat‐free mass were included. A subgroup had accelerometer data. Statistics included modeling of percentage of energy from macronutrients and TEI, compositional data analysis to predict TEI from macronutrient ratios, and mixture models for sensitivity testing.ResultsA total of 137 of 203 participants were included (mean [SD] age 11.3 [2.7] years, 68 females, BMI z score 2.47 [0.27]). Mean TEI was 10,330 (2,728) kJ, mean %EC was 50.6% (6.1%), mean %EF was 31.6% (4.9%), and mean %EP was 18.4% (3.1%). The relationship between %EP and TEI followed a power function (L coefficient −0.48; P < 0.001). TEI was inversely associated with increasing %EP. In the subgroup with < 60 min/d of moderate to vigorous physical activity (n = 48), lower BMI z scores were associated with higher %EP and moderate %EC.ConclusionsIn youth with obesity, protein dilution by either carbohydrates or fats increases TEI. Assessment of dietary protein may be useful to assist in reducing TEI and BMI in youth with obesity.
Synthesis of novel fluorescent molecule and its polymeric form with aniline as fluorescent and supercapacitor electrode materials
Authors: Karri Sangam Naidu , Ega Sai Prasad , Srinivasan Palaniappan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, a fluorescent material, 2‐naphthyl‐4‐amino benzoate, is synthesized by the esterification of 4‐aminobenzoic acid with 2‐naphthol. This molecule is used in the bulk polymerization of aniline, which results in the formation of poly(aniline‐2‐naphthyl‐4‐aminobenzoate). For comparison, polyaniline and also poly(aniline‐4‐aminobenzoic acid) salts are prepared via bulk polymerization. Formation and properties of these polymeric materials are evaluated by Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization, UV‐Vis, Fluorescence, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, electrical resistance and electrochemical techniques. P(ANI‐2NA4ABA) is obtained in nanofiber morphology in 106 wt% yield with respect to the amount of aniline used with comparable conductivity of conventional polyaniline salts. This polymer salt is stable up to 220°C and indicates melting at 146°C on heating and crystal formation at 128°C on cooling. This polymer shows higher wavelength fluorescence compared to the conventional polyaniline salts. This polymer is used as an electrode material without binder, which shows a specific capacitance of 360 F g−1 at 0.25 A g−1.
Thermoset modified with polyethersulfone: Characterization and control of the morphology
Authors: Mathis Eléonore , Michon Marie‐Laure , Billaud Claude , Grau Pauline , Bocahut Anthony , Vergelati Caroll , Long Didier R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThermoset (TS) epoxy resins can be toughened with a thermoplastic (TP) for high‐performance applications. The final structure morphology has to be controlled to achieve high mechanical properties and high impact resistance. Four polyethersulfone‐modified epoxy resins are considered. They consist of different epoxy monomer structure (TGAP, triglycidyl‐p‐aminophenol and TGDDM, tetraglycidyl diaminodiphenylmethane) and a fixed amount of thermoplastic, and they are cured with two different amounts of curing agent. A reaction‐induced phase separation occurs for all formulations generating morphologies, different in shapes and scales. The aim is to control the final morphology and in particular its dominant length scale. This morphology depends on the phase separation process, from the initiation to its final stage. The initiation relies on the relative miscibility of the components and on the stoichiometry between epoxy and curing agent. The kinetics depends on the viscosity of the systems. The different morphologies are characterized by electron microscopy or neutron scattering. Dynamic mechanical analysis allows confirming the presence of a phase separation even when it is not observable by electron microscopy. Vermicular morphologies with few hundreds nanometer width are obtained for the systems containing the TGAP as epoxy monomer. Systems formulated with TGDDM presents morphologies on much smaller scale of order a few tens of nanometers. We interpret the different sizes of the morphologies as a consequence of a larger viscosity for the TGDDM systems as compared to the TGAP ones rather than by a latter initiation of phase separation.
Winter air temperature during the Holocene optimum in the north‐eastern part of the east European plain based on ice wedge stable isotope records
Authors: Vasil'chuk Yurij K. , Budantseva Nadine A. , Vasil'chuk Alla C. , Chizhova Julia N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEarly Holocene winter air temperatures have been reconstructed for the north‐eastern part of the East European Plain using stable isotope (δ18O and δ2H) records of syngenetic ice wedges. We show that ice wedges here actively grew synchronously with accumulation of peatlands in bogged and forested depressions between 10 and 8 cal ka BP, corresponding to the early Holocene Thermal Maximum. The slope of the δ2H–δ18O regression line is close to the global meteoric water line. This suggests the preservation of winter precipitation signal in the ice wedge with minor isotope transformation. The low range of stable isotope values in the ice wedge indicates quite stable winter climate conditions, favorable to ice wedge growth. Reconstructed mean winter air temperature was close to modern, but it is assumed that air temperature of the coldest winter month was lower and more stable than at present.
Probabilistic high‐impact rainfall forecasts from landfalling tropical cyclones using Warn‐on‐Forecast system
Authors: Yussouf Nusrat , Jones Thomas A. , Skinner Patrick S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntense rainfall and flash flooding from landfalling tropical cyclones (LTC) can have devastating impacts on human life and property in coastal areas. The years 2017 and 2018 are examples of how the North Atlantic LTCs can create widespread destruction in the United States. Better preparedness is needed to mitigate the impact from the violent LTCs and can be achieved by improving the accuracy of forecasts and increased lead‐time of guidance products. However, predicting the fine‐scale details of rain bands in LTC is very challenging. This study attempts to elucidate the potential of National Severe Storms Laboratory's convective‐scale ensemble analysis and prediction system, known as the Warn‐on‐Forecast System (WoFS), in improving 0–6 hr probabilistic intense rainfall forecasts from three recent LTCs in the United States. Results indicate that the frequent 15 min assimilation cycling can accurately analyse the small‐scale details from the LTC rain bands in the WoFS analyses. The WoFS 0–6 hr ensemble forecasts initialized from those analyses represent the location, intensity and spatial distribution of intense rainfall (with the potential to cause flash flooding) as well as low‐level rotation with reasonably good accuracy. The continuous flow of the frequently updated WoFS rainfall guidance has the potential to aid operational forecasters in issuing watches, warnings, and short‐term forecast products of life‐threatening LTC with higher spatial and temporal specificity.