bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise interventions to prevent hamstring injuries in athletes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vatovec Rok , Kozinc Žiga , Šarabon Nejc 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this meta‐analysis was to assess the effectiveness of exercise‐based interventions for prevention of hamstring injuries in sport. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, ResearchGate, CINAHL, PEDro, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies exploring the effects of exercise interventions on hamstring injury incidence. Subgroup analyses were performed to determine effects of several independent variables related to the interventions. Altogether, 17 studies were included. Exercise interventions decreased hamstring injury risk (RR = 0.49; 95%CI = 0.40–0.59; p < 0.001). There were similar effects found for interventions performed ≤2 times per week (RR = 0.35; 95%CI = 0.15–0.82) and the interventions performed >2 times per week (RR = 0.44; 95%CI = 0.31–0.61). Similarly, there were similar effects found for the interventions with progressive increase in load (RR = 0.53; 95%CI = 0.37–0.74) and the interventions with constant loads (RR = 0.46; 95%CI = 0.36–0.58). Other subgroup analyses (intervention supervision, sport type, inclusion of Nordic hamstring exercise and type of the trial) also showed no indications on specific characteristics of the interventions, that increase the preventive effects. Our findings showed that hamstring injury incidence can be decreased with exercise‐based interventions, and that weekly frequency and load progression are not among the most important variables to consider in prevention programmes design.
Pharmacist-driven penicillin skin testing service for adults prescribed nonpreferred antibiotics in a community hospital
Authors: Englert Ethan , Weeks Andrea 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeResults of a study evaluating the implementation and impact of a pharmacist-driven penicillin skin testing (PST) service for patients prescribed alternative antibiotics in the community hospital setting are reported.MethodsA prospective pilot service in which patients with a documented penicillin allergy (type I, immunoglobulin E [IgE]–mediated) and were prescribed alternative antibiotics received PST by a trained pharmacist was implemented; if test results were negative, the allergy was de-labeled from their electronic medical record. The primary objective was the percentage of patients switched to first-line antibiotics. Secondary objectives included length of stay (LOS) and inpatient antimicrobial costs to the health system.ResultsTwenty-two patients were proactively identified and received PST by a pharmacist. Of those tested, all were negative, with no type I (IgE-mediated) hypersensitivity reactions to the test itself or to the beta-lactam antibiotic administered thereafter; 68.2% (15/22) were successfully transitioned to a beta-lactam after PST. As a result, a decrease in the use of fluoroquinolones and vancomycin and an increase in use of narrow penicillin-based antibiotics and first- and second-generation cephalosporins were observed. The mean ± S.D. LOS per patient was 7.41 ± 6.1 days, and the total cost of inpatient antimicrobial therapy to the health system was $1,698.88.ConclusionA pharmacist-driven PST service was successfully implemented in a community hospital setting.
Combination of Lipofilling With Liposuction in the Correction of Pseudo Genu Varus Deformity
Authors: Okumus Ayhan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The combined use of lipofilling and liposuction has not been reported for the correction of pseudo genu varus deformity.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of combined liposuction and lipofilling for a bilateral correction of pseudo genu varus deformity based on a single-center experience over a 13-year period.

Methods
A total of 72 patients with pseudo genu varus deformity treated with combined liposuction and lipofilling were included. Data on postoperative complications, the need for additional rounds of lipofilling, and aesthetic outcomes over an average of 5 years (range, 1-9 years) were recorded.

Results
Fat harvested from the upper medial portion of the knee was sufficient for lipofilling in 12 (16.7%) patients, and additional donor sites were used in 60 (83.3%) patients. A second round of lipofilling (average, 20 mL; range, 15-50 mL) was required in 17 (23.6%) patients within 6 months to 1 year after the operation. The need for additional lipofilling or liposuction was not noted for any other patients. None of the patients developed major complications such as fat necrosis, infections, contour deformities, or medial concavities during knee flexion.

Conclusions
The current findings strongly suggest that the combined use of liposuction and lipofilling for the correction of pseudo genu varus deformity is a feasible, effective, and safe alternative that seems to offer additional benefits compared with fat grafting alone, including a fast recovery, a low risk of complications, and an increased likelihood of a long-lasting correction of the calf contour.

Level of Evidence: 4
Improved dropClust R package with integrative analysis support for scRNA-seq data
Authors: Sinha Debajyoti , Sinha Pradyumn , Saha Ritwik , Bandyopadhyay Sanghamitra , Sengupta Debarka 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Summary
DropClust leverages Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) to speed up clustering of large scale single cell expression data. Here we present the improved dropClust, a complete R package that is, fast, interoperable and minimally resource intensive. The new dropClust features a novel batch effect removal algorithm that allows integrative analysis of single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) datasets.

Availability and implementation
dropClust is freely available at https://github.com/debsin/dropClust as an R package. A lightweight online version of the dropClust is available at https://debsinha.shinyapps.io/dropClust/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Moving On from the Insect Apocalypse Narrative: Engaging with Evidence-Based Insect Conservation
Authors: Saunders Manu E , Janes Jasmine K , O’Hanlon James C 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent studies showing temporal changes in local and regional insect populations received exaggerated global media coverage. Confusing and inaccurate science communication on this important issue could have counterproductive effects on public support for insect conservation. The insect apocalypse narrative is fuelled by a limited number of studies that are restricted geographically (predominantly the United Kingdom, Europe, the United States) and taxonomically (predominantly some bees, macrolepidoptera, and ground beetles). Biases in sampling and analytical methods (e.g., categorical versus continuous time series, different diversity metrics) limit the relevance of these studies as evidence of generalized global insect decline. Rather, the value of this research lies in highlighting important areas for priority investment. We summarize research, communication, and policy priorities for evidence-based insect conservation, including key areas of knowledge to increase understanding of insect population dynamics. Importantly, we advocate for a balanced perspective in science communication to better serve both public and scientific interests.
Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder Show Altered Event-Related Potentials in the Late Stages of Olfactory Processing
Authors: Okumura Toshiki , Kumazaki Hirokazu , Singh Archana K , Touhara Kazushige , Okamoto Masako 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Atypical sensory reactivities are pervasive among people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). With respect to olfaction, most previous studies have used psychophysical or questionnaire-based methodologies; thus, the neural basis of olfactory processing in ASD remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the stages of olfactory processing that are altered in ASD. Fourteen young adults with high-functioning ASD (mean age, 21 years; 3 females) were compared with 19 age-matched typically developing (TD) controls (mean age, 21 years; 4 females). Olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) for 2-phenylethyl alcohol—a rose-like odor—were measured with 64 scalp electrodes while participants performed a simple odor detection task. Significant group differences in OERPs were found in 3 time windows 542 ms after the stimulus onset. The cortical source activities in these time windows, estimated using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography, were significantly higher in ASD than in TD in and around the posterior cingulate cortex, which is known to play a crucial role in modality-general cognitive processing. Supplemental Bayesian analysis provided substantial evidence for an alteration in the later stages of olfactory processing, whereas conclusive evidence was not provided for the earlier stages. These results suggest that olfactory processing in ASD is altered at least at the later, modality-general processing stage.
Immunogenicity of Influenza Vaccination in Patients with Cancer Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Keam Bhumsuk , Kang Chang Kyung , Jun Kang Il , Moon Song Mi , Suh Koung Jin , Lee Dae-Won , Ock Chan-Young , Kim Miso , Choi Yunhee , Lim Yoojoo , Lee Kyung-Hun , Kim Se Hyun , Kim Tae Min , Kim Tae-Yong , Oh Do-Youn , Kim Dong-Wan , Im Seock-Ah , Lee Jong Seok , Kim Eu Suk , Kim Hong Bin , Kim Nam-Joong , Kim Yu Jung , Park Wan Beom , Oh Myoung-Don 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Among prospectively enrolled adult patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs; n = 46) or cytotoxic agents (n = 90), seroprotection and seroconversion rates after seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccinations were higher with ICI than with cytotoxic chemotherapy. These results support annual influenza vaccinations for cancer patients receiving ICIs.
Clinical Trials Registration clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03590808).
Economic impacts of fall armyworm and its management strategies: evidence from southern Ethiopia
Authors: Kassie Menale , Wossen Tesfamicheal , De Groote Hugo , Tefera Tadele , Sevgan Subramanian , Balew Solomon 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

This paper explores the economic implications of fall armyworm (FAW) and its management strategies by exploiting exogenous variation in FAW exposure amongst households in southern Ethiopia. We find that FAW exposure affects maize yield and sales negatively, but not consumption. Furthermore, we find evidence of crowding-in and intensification of insecticide use in response to FAW exposure. We also find suggestive evidence that existing extension service arrangements lack the capacity to deal with emerging threats such as FAW. Results imply that targeted interventions aimed at improving the effectiveness of control measures and institutional capacity would be key to reduce the adverse effects of FAW.

Highlights
The economic impact of fall armyworm (FAW) in southern Ethiopia assessed Fall armyworm significantly reduces maize yields and maize sales A positive correlation observed between FAW exposure and intensity of insecticide use Existing individual FAW control strategies do not significantly abate losses from FAW Improving institutional capacity is essential to control FAW
A neurobiological mechanism linking transportation noise to cardiovascular disease in humans
Authors: Osborne Michael T , Radfar Azar , Hassan Malek Z O , Abohashem Shady , Oberfeld Blake , Patrich Tomas , Tung Brian , Wang Ying , Ishai Amorina , Scott James A , Shin Lisa M , Fayad Zahi A , Koenen Karestan C , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Pitman Roger K , Tawakol Ahmed 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsChronic noise exposure associates with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk; however, the role of confounders and the underlying mechanism remain incompletely defined. The amygdala, a limbic centre involved in stress perception, participates in the response to noise. Higher amygdalar metabolic activity (AmygA) associates with increased CVD risk through a mechanism involving heightened arterial inflammation (ArtI). Accordingly, in this retrospective study, we tested whether greater noise exposure associates with higher: (i) AmygA, (ii) ArtI, and (iii) risk for major adverse cardiovascular disease events (MACE).Methods and resultsAdults (N = 498) without CVD or active cancer underwent clinical 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging. Amygdalar metabolic activity and ArtI were measured, and MACE within 5 years was adjudicated. Average 24-h transportation noise and potential confounders were estimated at each individual’s home address. Over a median 4.06 years, 40 individuals experienced MACE. Higher noise exposure (per 5 dBA increase) predicted MACE [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) 1.341 (1.147–1.567), P &lt; 0.001] and remained robust to multivariable adjustments. Higher noise exposure associated with increased AmygA [standardized β (95% CI) 0.112 (0.051–0.174), P &lt; 0.001] and ArtI [0.045 (0.001–0.090), P = 0.047]. Mediation analysis suggested that higher noise exposure associates with MACE via a serial mechanism involving heightened AmygA and ArtI that accounts for 12–26% of this relationship.ConclusionOur findings suggest that noise exposure associates with MACE via a mechanism that begins with increased stress-associated limbic (amygdalar) activity and includes heightened arterial inflammation. This potential neurobiological mechanism linking noise to CVD merits further evaluation in a prospective population.
Long-term ticagrelor for secondary prevention in patients with prior myocardial infarction and no history of coronary stenting: insights from PEGASUS-TIMI 54
Authors: Furtado Remo H M , Nicolau Jose C , Magnani Giulia , Im Kyungah , Bhatt Deepak L , Storey Robert F , Steg P Gabriel , Spinar Jindrich , Budaj Andrzej , Kontny Frederic , Corbalan Ramon , Kiss Robert G , Abola Maria Teresa , Johanson Per , Jensen Eva C , Braunwald Eugene , Sabatine Marc S , Bonaca Marc P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims
PEGASUS-TIMI 54 demonstrated that long-term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and ticagrelor reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), with an acceptable increase in bleeding, in patients with prior myocardial infarction (MI). While much of the discussion around prolonged DAPT has been focused on stented patients, patients with prior MI without prior coronary stenting comprise a clinically important subgroup.

Methods and results
This was a pre-specified analysis from PEGASUS-TIMI 54, which randomized 21 162 patients with prior MI (1–3 years) and additional high-risk features to ticagrelor 60 mg, 90 mg, or placebo twice daily in addition to aspirin. A total of 4199 patients had no history of coronary stenting at baseline. The primary efficacy outcome (MACE) was the composite of cardiovascular death, MI, or stroke. Patients without history of coronary stenting had higher baseline risk of MACE [13.2% vs. 8.0%, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.73, in the placebo arm]. The relative risk reduction in MACE with ticagrelor (pooled doses) was similar in patients without (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.68–0.99) and with prior stenting (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75–0.96; P for interaction = 0.76).

Conclusion
Long-term ticagrelor reduces thrombotic events in patients with prior MI regardless of whether they had prior coronary stenting. These data highlight the benefits of DAPT in prevention of spontaneous atherothrombotic events and indicate that long-term ticagrelor may be considered in high-risk patients with prior MI even if they have not been treated with stenting.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier
NCT01225562.
Treatment with JQ1, a BET bromodomain inhibitor, is selectively detrimental to R6/2 Huntington’s disease mice
Authors: Kedaigle Amanda J , Reidling Jack C , Lim Ryan G , Adam Miriam , Wu Jie , Wassie Brook , Stocksdale Jennifer T , Casale Malcolm S , Fraenkel Ernest , Thompson Leslie M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Transcriptional and epigenetic alterations occur early in Huntington’s disease (HD), and treatment with epigenetic modulators is beneficial in several HD animal models. The drug JQ1, which inhibits histone acetyl-lysine reader bromodomains, has shown promise for multiple cancers and neurodegenerative disease. We tested whether JQ1 could improve behavioral phenotypes in the R6/2 mouse model of HD and modulate HD-associated changes in transcription and epigenomics. R6/2 and non-transgenic (NT) mice were treated with JQ1 daily from 5 to 11 weeks of age and behavioral phenotypes evaluated over this period. Following the trial, cortex and striatum were isolated and subjected to mRNA-seq and ChIP-seq for the histone marks H3K4me3 and H3K27ac. Initially, JQ1 enhanced motor performance in NT mice. In R6/2 mice, however, JQ1 had no effect on rotarod or grip strength but exacerbated weight loss and worsened performance on the pole test. JQ1-induced gene expression changes in NT mice were distinct from those in R6/2 and primarily involved protein translation and bioenergetics pathways. Dysregulation of HD-related pathways in striatum was exacerbated by JQ1 in R6/2 mice, but not in NTs, and JQ1 caused a corresponding increase in the formation of a mutant huntingtin protein-dependent high molecular weight species associated with pathogenesis. This study suggests that drugs predicted to be beneficial based on their mode of action and effects in wild-type or in other neurodegenerative disease models may have an altered impact in the HD context. These observations have important implications in the development of epigenetic modulators as therapies for HD.
Risk Factors and Molecular Epidemiology of Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections With Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: A Multicenter Study in China
Authors: Liu Jiao , Zhang Lidi , Pan Jingye , Huang Man , Li Yingchuan , Zhang Hongjin , Wang Ruilan , Zhao Mingyan , Li Bin , Liu Long , Gong Ye , Bian Jinjun , Li Xiang , Tang Yan , Lei Ming , Chen Dechang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundCarbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections are associated with poor patient outcomes. Data on risk factors and molecular epidemiology of CRE in complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI) in China are limited. This study examined the risk factors of cIAI with CRE and the associated mortality based on carbapenem resistance mechanisms.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, we identified 1024 cIAI patients hospitalized from January 1, 2013 to October 31, 2018 in 14 intensive care units in China. Thirty CRE isolates were genotyped to identify β-lactamase-encoding genes.ResultsEscherichia coli (34.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.2%) were the leading pathogens. Patients with hospital-acquired cIAI had a lower rate of E coli (26.0% vs 49.1%; P &lt; .001) and higher rate of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (31.7% vs 18.8%; P = .002) than those with community-acquired cIAI. Of the isolates, 16.0% and 23.4% of Enterobacteriaceae and K pneumoniae, respectively, were resistant to carbapenem. Most carbapenemase-producing (CP)-CRE isolates carried blaKPC (80.9%), followed by blaNMD (19.1%). The 28-day mortality was 31.1% and 9.0% in patients with CRE vs non-CRE (P &lt; .001). In-hospital mortality was 4.7-fold higher for CP-CRE vs non-CP-CRE infection (P = .049). Carbapenem-containing combinations did not significantly influence in-hospital mortality of CP and non-CP-CRE. The risk factors for 28-day mortality in CRE-cIAI included septic shock, antibiotic exposure during the preceding 30 days, and comorbidities.ConclusionsKlebsiella pneumoniae had the highest prevalence in CRE. Infection with CRE, especially CP-CRE, was associated with increased mortality in cIAI.
Presentation and Management of Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in a Child After a Burn Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Pidgeon Thomas Edward , D’Asta Federica , Ogboli Malobi , Wilson Yvonne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This case report describes the clinical course of a child who developed staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) after a burn injury. The intent is to aid other units in recognizing the presentation of SSSS after a pediatric burn and to optimize subsequent management. The main clinical finding was of rapid, progressive, superficial epidermal loss at sites separate from the original burn, involving 55% of the total body surface area, 13 days after a 6% scald burn to the face, neck, and chest. Diagnosis was confirmed by multidisciplinary team clinical assessment and histopathology of an intraoperative skin biopsy. This confirmed epidermal cleavage at the granular cell layer. These findings were later supported by Staphylococcus aureus cultured from the burn wound, and a positive epidermolytic toxin A assay. Management was with general medical supportive care, clindamycin and flucloxacillin intravenous antibiotic therapy, and cleansing and dressing of the areas of epidermal loss. Key learning points from this case were that SSSS presented after a burn injury and that 13 days elapsed between the burn and SSSS. Factors differentiating it from toxic epidermal necrolysis are described, including the value of histopathology in confirming the diagnosis. The prompt use of antibiotics and attentive wound care are advocated as an effective management strategy.
Population Growth of Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on Various Commodities
Authors: Rumbos C I , Pantazis I , Athanassiou C G 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), is a serious pest, but at the same time has been authorized in European Union (EU) for feed in aquaculture. In this study, we investigated, in laboratory bioassays, the population growth of this species, on a wide variety of commodities. In four series of bioassays, we studied the development of A. diaperinus population on various intact cereal grains, on soft wheat grains with different percentages of cracked kernels, on non-grain amylaceous commodities and on a variety of non-amylaceous commodities. Briefly, 20 g of each commodity were put separately inside plastic cylindrical vials. Then, 20 A. diaperinus adults were placed inside each vial and all vials were incubated at 30°C and 55% r.h. After 30 d, the vials were opened and the progeny production was evaluated. Alphitobius diaperinus showed a clear preference in amylaceous commodities, but in contrast, poor development was recorded on the non-amylaceous commodities tested. Hence, it developed well in most of the cereal intact grains tested, with the hard and soft wheat being the most suitable. Additionally, most non-grain amylaceous commodities were suitable, to a various degree, for the population growth of A. diaperinus. The increase of the percentage of cracked wheat positively affected the population growth of A. diaperinus. To our knowledge, this is the first study that examined the suitability of a wide range of commodities for the population growth of A. diaperinus.