bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF STATINS USE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN ANDHRA PRADESH
Authors: DIVYA JYOTHI PANCHUMARTHI , SRI DURGA PONNADA , VEENA YERUVA , AFSARI SHAIK 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to analyze the impact of statins uses in Type-2 diabetes mellitus patients at a tertiary hospital.
Methods: It is a hospital-based prospective and observational study. The study was conducted in the General Medicine Department of Manipal Super Speciality Hospital, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. Six months (August 2018–January 2019), 450 cases were collected from the general medicine department.
Results: A total of 450 patients data were collected, the results show that rosuvastatin at its list dose in this study (10 mg) was more effective at reducing fasting blood sugar (FBS), post-prandial blood sugar (PPBS), and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels than rosuvastatin combination. Moreover, significant increment of these levels (FBS, PPBS, and HbA1c) was observed with atorvastatin combination followed by atorvastatin (10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg) in both treatment group as well as a control group.
Conclusion: We concluded that there is a significant rise in blood glucose levels (both FBS and PPBS) and also HbA1c levels (glycated hemoglobin) due to the usage of statins for a longer duration. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient method (SPSS 20. Version) and two-tailed analysis of variance. The results were represented as Z value (correlation coefficient) and p-value.
ASSESSMENT OF PATIENT-CARE, FACILITY CARE, AND COMPLEMENTARY DRUG USE INDICATORS AMONG ELDERLY PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF WESTERN NEPAL
Authors: GIRI SAGARANANDA , DULAL PARBATI , KHAN GULAM MUHAMMAD 
Published: August 2020

Objective: The current study aims to determine the pattern of drug usage in terms of patient-care, facility care, and complementary drug use indicators among elderly people.
Methods: The study was a prospective cross-sectional study that was conducted in the outpatient department. Patient-care, facility care, and complementary drug use indicators were assed as per the WHO/INRUD indicators. Patient/patient party knowledge of correct dose was analyzed by the information; time of administration (when) and quantity of drugs to be taken (how much).
Results: The duration of consultation in the ophthalmology department was comparatively longer (30.33 min) than in other departments. The dispensing time of the medicine department was 126.60 s which was higher than other departments. Among the total medicines, 88.58% were dispensed, 21 (1.06%) of the total drugs had the patient’s name labeled on the envelope while 1430 (81.53%) of the drugs had drug name and 1617 (92.19%) only had the administration time labeled on the envelope. On interviewing patients/patient parties, 240 (59.55%) knew both the time of administration and the number of drugs to be taken. The average medicine cost encountered per patient was found to be Nepalese rupees (NRs.) 1353±1079 NRs. (US$ 11.57±9.23).
Conclusion: It is concluded that systematic changes need to be applied to improve the patient knowledge, to deliver quality advice to the patients, and to maintain the process of adequate labeling in medications.
THE ASSOCIATION OF HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS WITH QUALITY OF LIFE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENT IN WANGAYA REGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL, DENPASAR
Authors: DANIELLA DIAN , MARIANTO MARIANTO , SUNAKA I WAYAN 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) contributes in decreasing quality life, but specific hemoglobin associated with quality of life is still in debate. Anemia was thought to be one of contributing factors of low physical activity in CKD, but this finding is inconsistent across studies. This research study aims to investigate the association of hemoglobin levels with quality of life and physical activity in hemodialysis patients in our settings.
Methods: This study was conducted between March 30, 2020, and April 30, 2020, in hemodialysis unit, Wangaya Regional General Hospital, Bali. The study included 50 subjects on regular hemodialysis. Subject-reported quality of life was evaluated by interview, based on Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL)-36TM questionnaire. Self-reported physical activity level was assessed by International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ).
Results: Quality of life in burden of kidney disease categories is different significantly between hemoglobin levels group (*p=0.034). There is significant difference between hemoglobin levels < 8 g/dL with 8.1–12 g/dL (**p=0.01) and hemoglobin levels < 8 g/dL with > 12 g/dL (*p=0.034). For self-reported physical activity, hemoglobin level was not associated with physical activity in Fisher’s exact test analysis (p=1.000).
Conclusion: We found that hemoglobin levels > 8 g/dL were associated with higher quality of life in hemodialysis patient. Hemoglobin levels were not associated with physical activity. Recommended hemoglobin levels to support the best quality of life and physical activity without increasing mortality rate are still in need to be further evaluated.
PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF FLUOROQUINOLONE DRUG RESISTANCE AMONG STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: NAMEIRAKPAM SHELINA , SSM UMA MAGESWARI , M KALYANI 
Published: August 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether recent use of topical fluoroquinolones is a risk factor for in vitro fluoroquinolone resistance in Staphylococcus aureus ocular isolates. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin (CIP) are useful drugs against infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and mutations in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) gyrase which control bacterial DNA topology, can be one of the reasons of occurrence resistance to this class of antibiotics. Therefore, finding new mutations and study of the quinolone interaction with mutated GyrA can provide important issues for explanation resistance.
Methods: Bacterial identification was confirmed by appropriate morphological, cultural, and biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined for all isolates. The possible involvement of efflux pumps in mediating fluoroquinolone resistance as well as changes in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA gene was investigated.
Results: Differences in methicillin resistance among staphylococci were observed based on patient age, with higher rates observed in older patients (p<0.0001). Out of 91 isolates, 77 (84.61%) were resistant to CIP and 47 (51.65%) were resistant to ofloxacin (OF). Confirmation with agar dilution test showed that 57 samples were resistant to CIP, 38 samples were resistant to OF, and 29 samples were resistant to both CIP and OF. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, gyrA genes in resistance strains were amplified. All the five resistant isolates were found to be positive for the presence of a fluoroquinolones resistance gene (gyrA gene) and the two sensitive isolates were found to be negative. Resistance among CIP and OF in isolated harboring a mutation GyrA was of statistical significance among S. aureus (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The result of this study will be useful to update the antibiotic policy in our hospital set up and controlling the irrational use of antibiotics among health care workers. The information obtained will provide a baseline data that can be used to design further research for prevention of drug resistance caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
IN VITRO SCREENING FOR ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ENZYME INHIBITION POTENTIAL OF MUTHU PARPAM – THERAPEUTIC LEAD FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: N SABARI GIRIJA , S GUPTAJ , MA SINEKHA , L SAKTHIMANIPRIYA , P SHANMUGAPRIYA 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Siddha system is an ancient traditional system of medicine treats many chronic ailments and neurological disorders. Muthu parpam is one of the herbo marine Siddha drugs which have the indication for neurocognitive dysfunction. The main objective of this current study was to evaluate the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibition of Muthu parpam.
Methods: AChE activity was evaluated using a modified 96-well microplate assay based on Ellman’s method. Physostigmine (5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/ml) was used as the positive control.
Results: The result of this study clearly indicates that the test drug Muthu Parpam was effective in inhibiting AChE enzyme at the specified concentration dose dependently. Maximum percentage inhibition of about 71.68% was observed at 500 μg/ml when compared to that of the Physostigmine, a known AChE inhibitor with the maximum inhibition 84.87% at the concentration of 40 μg/ml.
Conclusion: Hence, this preliminary screening has proven the efficacy of Muthu parpam through AChE inhibition potential in the management of Alzheimer disease.
EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF CITRUS MACROPTERA MONTR
Authors: BHUTIA SONAM 
Published: August 2020

Objective: The use of naturally occurring medicines dependent on essential oils (EOs) is nowadays of great interest. In addition, within the human body, EO shows high efficacy as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs. The present experiment was conducted to access the anti-inflammatory activity of EO obtained from the fruit peels of Citrus macroptera Montr. (Rutaceae) against the denaturation of protein in vitro model.
Methods: The test sample (EO) was incubated under controlled laboratory conditions at varying concentrations with egg albumin and was subjected to absorbance determination for the anti-inflammatory property analysis. Diclofenac sodium was used as the standard reference drug for the experiment.
Results: The results show a concentration-dependent inhibition of protein (albumin) denaturation by the test oil. This was concluded by comparing their IC50 average values. Citrus macroptera Montr. EO possessed IC50 average value 54.6+0.07 μg/mL, whereas that of diclofenac sodium was found to be 52.89+0.06 μg/ml. The result shows that the test oil is more effective than the standard drug.
Conclusion: From the above experimental finding, it can be concluded that Citrus macroptera Montr. EO has significance anti-inflammatory effect against the denaturation of the protein in vitro model. The activity may be due to the presence of terpene polyphenolic component or some other active compound present in the oil. The provided information was first of its kind of knowledge to keep the scientific data for future reference.
A DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON MIGRAINE
Authors: MAMINDLA POOJITHA , MOGILICHERLA SHARANYA , ENUMULA DEEPTHI , PRASAD OM PRAKASH 
Published: August 2020

Objective: The main objective was to carry out the observational study in migraine patients.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for 6 months in 415 migraine patients with the prior approval from the Institutional Ethical committee. A predesigned pro forma was used to collect data such as socio-demographics of the patients, different types of migraine, triggering factors, and prescription pattern.
Results: Among 415 patients, the female patients (n=356, 86%) outnumbered male patients (n=95, 14%). The mean age of the study population was found to be 59±54 years. In our study, we found that migraine without aura (79%) was most common, followed by probable migraine without aura (13.3%), chronic migraines (5%), and migraine with aura (0.3%). Grading is done according to International Headache Society into 0, mild, moderate, and severe.
Conclusion: Compared to migraine with aura, migraine without aura is mostly seen in females than males due to fluctuating hormone levels, rural area is most effected due to exposure to triggers. Management includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Pharmacological therapy included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs agents, Triptans, and prophylactic therapy, and adjunctive therapy also prescribed.
ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL AND ANTIGENOTOXICITY ANALYSIS THROUGH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN TERMINALIA PANICULATA ROTH
Authors: P ASWATHI , ERNEST THOPPIL JOHN 
Published: August 2020

Objective: The present study is mainly focused on the antigenotoxicity and antioxidant potential of the fruit extract of an important dye yielding plant Terminalia paniculata Roth.
Methods: Genoprotective activity of the fruit extract was studied by Allium cepa root tip assay. Three modes of treatment were used to perform the antigenotoxicity, that is, pre-treatment, post-treatment, and simultaneous treatment. For the study of antioxidant potential, four different assays were performed.
Results: Antigenotoxicity studies revealed the protective role of the extract in chromosomal aberrations induced by 2% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on A. cepa root tip meristem. The fruit extract showed a significant modulatory effect by means of an inhibition percentage and also it showed a characteristic reversing of chromosomal aberrations induced by H2O2. While in the case of antioxidant activity, the plant extract showed an appreciable antioxidant potential. Four different assays were used to determine the antioxidant potential of T. paniculata. Of these 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate radical scavenging activity revealed almost equal effect to that of the standard.
Conclusions: In the present investigation, it has been found that the important dye yielding plant T. paniculata has a significant role in various commercial industries such as food, cosmetics, clothes, and pharmaceutics due to its efficient protective role.
IMPACT OF BEETROOT (BETA VULGARIS RUBRA) AND/OR SWISS CHARD (BETA VULGARIS CICLA) JUICES ORAL ADMINISTRATION AGAINST BARIUM CHLORIDE-INDUCED HYPOKALEMIA, ATPASE DISTURBANCE, AND HEART AND LUNG TOXICITY IN RATS
Authors: S GABAL ALYAE M , M MORSY GEHAN 
Published: August 2020

Objective: The research designed to explore, for the 1st time, the probable antioxidant activity and protective effect of oral administration of beetroot (Beta vulgaris Rubra) and Swiss chard (B. vulgaris Cicla) juices against barium chloride (BaCl2)-induced toxicity in rats through investigating the changes on complete blood picture, heart and lung oxidative biomarkers, cardiac function tests, inflammatory markers as well as adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, hypokalemia, and electrolyte disturbances.
Methods: Seventy-five adult male albino rats of Sprague-Dawley strains (150±5 g) were divided into five groups (15/each) except healthy control group which contains 10 rats, and BaCl2 control group that contains 20 rats as follows: Group I: Healthy control; Group II: BaCl2 control, and Groups III, IV, and V: BaCl2 intoxicated groups supplemented with 1 ml of beetroot, Swiss chard, and combination of both juices, respectively/kg body weight 3 times per week orally.
Results: Results explored that beetroot and Swiss chard juices contain significant amount of polyphenols and flavonoids as well as macro- and micronutrients that improved the complete blood picture, heart and lung oxidative stress parameters, cardiac function tests, inflammatory markers, ATPase activity, hypokalemia, and also electrolyte balance in supplemented groups compared to BaCl2 control group.
Conclusion: This search illustrated that fresh beetroot and Swiss chard juices can improve various biochemical abnormalities resulted from BaCl2 toxicity. BaCl2 intoxicated rats that were supplemented with combination of juices showed the most significant improvements.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF REVERSE-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF OLANZAPINE AND ARIPIPRAZOLE IN SYNTHETIC MIXTURES
Authors: PATEL MEGHA , PATEL PARESH , PATEL DHARA 
Published: August 2020

Objective: A simple, rapid, accurate, precise, specific, and sensitive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of olanzapine (OLZ) and aripiprazole (APR) in synthetic mixtures.
Methods: The stationary phase used for chromatographic separation was Phenomenex C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d, particle size 5 μm) and mobile phase used for separation was methanol: Phosphate buffer (pH 3) taken in ratio of 75:25 %v/v. The flow rate was used 1.0 ml/min at room temperature and drugs detected at 240 nm with injection volume 20 μL.
Results: The retention time for OLZ and APR was found to be 4.231 and 6.523 min, respectively. The linearity was performed using a concentration range of 0.5–3.0 for both drugs. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.999 for OLZ and APR. The % purity of both the drug was found to be 98–102%. The proposed RP-HPLC method has been validated, according to International council on harmonization Q2 (B) guidelines.
Conclusion: There was no interference of any diluents and excipients in the determination of drugs from synthetic mixture. Hence, the developed method can be used for routine quality control analysis.
DELIBERATE SELF-POISONING IN SOUTH ODISHA: STUDY OF ITS CLINICAL PROFILE AND OUTCOME
Authors: NAYAK SACHIDANANDA , BEHERA BIJAYA KUMAR , BUDULA KESHABA  CHANDRA , ACHARYA SRITAM 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Deliberate self-poisoning is a serious global issue that contributes to significant morbidity and mortality all over the world. The present study was conducted with an objective to identify the common agents used for self-poisoning prevalent in South Odisha and to determine the common clinical features and outcome of such cases.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 200 patients with deliberate self-poisoning belonging to the age group of 15–70 years over a period of 2 years from August 2017 to September 2019 in Maharaja Krishna Chandra Gajapati Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India. All the above-mentioned patients admitted to the hospital, were treated with specific antidotes according to the poison ingested. Results were analyzed using appropriate standard statistical methods such as mean, standard deviation, and percentage.
Results: Out of 200 patients, majority were female (65%, n=130) and 35% (n=70) were male; mean age was 38.9 (±16.8) years. Organophosphates, aluminum phosphide, glyphosate, organochlorines, and carbamates were the most common pesticides used as poisoning agents (74.5%, n=149) followed by plant poisons (7%, n=14) which included yellow oleander seed. Overall mortality in our study was 12.5%.
Conclusion: Pesticides and plant poisons were the common agents used in our study for deliberate self-poisoning. Young persons, illiterates, and housewives were commonly involved in suicide attempts. Organophosphate caused majority of deaths.
A Bayesian study of changes in volatility of Bitcoin
Authors: Rojas Omar , Coronado Semei 
Published: August 2020

<p>This paper is aimed at studying a MS-GARCH model applied to Bitcoin. The Bayesian estimation of the model shows that Bitcoin’s volatility can be modelled using two states of volatility, high and low. The modelled volatility is not stable over time. Twenty eight periods of high volatility were found, the largest period of volatility occurred during 2013. The findings help explain what happened during these high volatility periods.</p><p> </p><p><strong> </strong></p>
mundo sostenible, una pedagogía de la alimentación integrada
Authors: Zafra Aparici Eva 
Published: August 2020

Para garantizar la salud y la seguridad alimentaria es necesario garantizar la sostenibilidad del planeta. Sostenibilidad, salud y seguridad alimentaria están intrínsecamente relacionadas ya que para erradicar el hambre en el mundo y tener acceso a una alimentación saludable, es necesario que la base del sistema de producción alimentaria sea sostenible, y a la inversa. Una forma de promover cambios al respecto es la educación alimentaria que, ofrecida desde cortas edades y de un modo integral, sea capaz de fomentar formas de pensar y hacer la alimentación más justas, tanto desde el punto de vista de la salud como medioambiental. En este sentido, el artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cualitativa cuyo objetivo ha sido conocer y analizar socio-antropológicamente los conflictos y controversias que aparecen en el proceso de transmisión y aprendizaje alimentario infantil. Concretamente, el artículo presenta los principales conflictos socio-alimentarios que los niños y niñas declaran tener en cuanto al consumo de alimentos (qué comemos), pero también se ha investigado si estos conflictos, controversias y preocupaciones plantean dudas sobre otras fases de la cadena alimentaria como la producción y la distribución (cómo y por qué comemos lo que comemos). Igualmente, se muestra hasta qué punto dichas controversias y conflictos alimentarios giran alrededor del ámbito de la salud individual, o también sobre otros aspectos colectivos y medioambientales. Todo ello permite, por un lado, conocer qué tipo de Educación Alimentaria se está implementando en nuestro contexto actual. Por otro lado, ofrece la oportunidad de proponer un modelo pedagógico más integral que eduque a las persones en la capacidad de reflexionar y ser críticas sobre su propio sistema alimentario para que ellas mismas puedan promover cambios â€“a nivel social y políticoâ€“ hacia prácticas y actitudes alimentarias más saludables y sostenibles. Prácticas y actitudes que minimicen los impactos negativos en el medioambiente y,consecuentemente, garanticen recursos para la salud de las generaciones futuras.
A Review on Macroscopy, Microscopy and Pharmacological Activity of Cayratiatrifolia Linn.
Authors: Sharma Kapil , Salvi Lavish , Gupta Ravi , Meghani Monika , Nagar Pradhuman Kumar , Dubey Chetan Kumar , Nagar Jagdish Chandra 
Published: August 2020

Cayratiatrifolia (Linn.)Domin is a perennial climber, family Vitaceae, found in India, Asia and Australia. The plant is found in hilly regions as well as the hotter part of India from Jammu and Rajasthan to Assam. It is commonly known as fox grape in English, Amalbel, Ramchana in Hindi and Amlavetash in Sanskrit. The plant has trifoliated leaves with (2-3cm) long petioles and ovate to oblong-ovate leaflets. Flowers are small greenish white and brown in colour. Fruits are fleshy, juicy, spherical, about 1 cm in diameter of dark purple or black colour.The stem composed of cork cells on the outer side and composed of small size sclerenchymatous cells. The cortex is wide and has parenchymatous cells. Numbers of sclereids are widely distributed in the cortex region. Cortex also shows the presence of calcium oxalate crystals.The leaf surface shows the stomata covered with guard cells followed by epidermis layer (Figure2A). Epidermal cells are rectangular, thin and straight walled cells. Stomata are anisocytic or unequal celled stomata, three subsidiary cells, one is smaller than other two. Leaf surface analysis also shows the presence of veins, vein islet and vein termination (Figure2B). Transverse section of leaf shows the epidermis layer followed by cuticle layer and vascular bundles (xylem and phloem).The leaf powder is pale green in color, with a characteristic odour and bitter taste.This plant also contains kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, triterpenes and epifriedelanol. Whole plant of Cayratiatrifolia has been reported to contain yellow waxy oil, steroids/terpenoids, ﬂavonoids, tannins. Plant shows the antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral and anticancer activity.