bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth Outcomes of Women with Obesity Enrolled for Care at Freestanding Birth Centers in the United States
Authors: Jevitt Cecilia M. , Stapleton Susan , Deng Yanhong , Song Xuemei , Wang Kaicheng , Jolles Diana R. 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionCurrent US guidelines for the care of women with obesity generalize obesity‐related risks to all women regardless of overall health status and assume that birth will occur in hospitals. Perinatal outcomes for women with obesity in US freestanding birth centers need documentation.MethodsPregnancies recorded in the American Association of Birth Centers Perinatal Data Registry were analyzed (n = 4,455) to form 2 groups of primiparous women (n = 964; 1:1 matching of women with normal body mass indices [BMIs] and women with obese BMIs [>30]), using propensity score matching to address the imbalance of potential confounders. Groups were compared on a range of outcomes. Differences between groups were evaluated using χ2 test for categorical variables and Student's t test for continuous variables. Paired t test and McNemar's test evaluated the differences among the matched pairs.ResultsThe majority of women with obese BMIs experienced uncomplicated perinatal courses and vaginal births. There were no significant differences in antenatal complications, proportion of prolonged pregnancy, prolonged first and second stage labor, rupture of membranes longer than 24 hours, postpartum hemorrhage, or newborn outcomes between women with obese BMIs and normal BMIs. Among all women with intrapartum referrals or transfers (25.3%), the primary indications were prolonged first stage or second stage (55.4%), inadequate pain relief (14.8%), client choice or psychological issue (7.0%), and meconium (5.3%). Primiparous women with obesity who started labor at a birth center had a 30.7% transfer rate and an 11.1% cesarean birth rate.DiscussionWomen with obese BMIs without medical comorbidity can receive safe and effective midwifery care at freestanding birth centers while anticipating a low risk for cesarean birth. The risks of potential, obesity‐related perinatal complications should be discussed with women when choosing place of birth; however, pregnancy complicated by obesity must be viewed holistically, not simply through the lens of obesity.
BRAF p.V600E status in epithelial areas of ameloblastoma with different histological aspects: Implications to the clinical practice
Authors: Sant’Ana Maria Sissa Pereira , dos Santos Costa Sara Ferreira , da Silva Maísa Pereira , Martins‐Chaves Roberta Rayra , Pereira Thaís dos Santos Fontes , de Oliveira Eduardo Morato , Martínez Pedraza Ricardo , de Castro Wagner Henriques , Gomes Carolina Cavaliéri , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Fonseca Felipe Paiva 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundBRAF p.V600E is reported in up to 80% of ameloblastomas. Despite the high frequency, the presence of this mutation in different histopathological areas of the tumour has not been investigated. This information has an important role in the use of BRAF p.V600E assessment as an auxiliary tool in the differential diagnosis between unicystic ameloblastoma and other odontogenic cystic lesions, especially when only incisional biopsies are available. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate BRAF p.V600E heterogeneity in unicystic ameloblastoma.MethodsFive cases of ameloblastoma and two dentigerous cysts were analysed. The regions exhibiting different microscopic characteristics were selected from each ameloblastoma case and manually dissected. TaqMan allele‐specific qPCR or Sanger sequencing was performed to determine BRAF p.V600E status.ResultsWe screened the mutation in a small cohort of UA and no molecular heterogeneity was found. Four cases of ameloblastoma (80%) exhibited BRAF p.V600E in all different areas evaluated. One case did not harbour the mutation in any microscopic region analysed. The BRAF mutation was absent in the dentigerous cysts.ConclusionAmeloblastomas appear to exhibit a homogeneous profile regarding the BRAF p.V600E no matter what histological feature is observed under light microscopy, suggesting that this molecular test may contribute to establish the correct diagnosis in cases microscopically resembling other odontogenic lesions.
Mothers’ Narratives on their Immigration Experiences: Associations with Maternal Relatedness and Adolescent Adjustment
Authors: Sher‐Censor Efrat , Mizrachi‐Zinman Arava 
Published: December 2020

We examined the hypothesis that lower maternal relatedness mediates the associations of immigrant mothers’ acculturative stress and lack of benefit finding in immigration with poorer adjustment of their adolescents in terms of more externalizing problems and lower school achievements and self‐worth. Participants were 93 adolescents (47.31% girls, Mage = 16.04) and their mothers (Mage = 45.83) from middle‐class families. Mothers immigrated to Israel from the Former Soviet Union or Western countries (Myears‐in‐Israel = 19.75). We used a multimethod multi‐informant approach that included a novel narrative procedure for assessing acculturative stress and benefit finding. Structural Equation Modeling supported the hypothesis, suggesting that research on and practice with adolescents in immigrant families should consider the meaning parents derive from their immigration experiences.
Revealing the clinical phenotype of atypical neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 disease: Insights from the largest cohort in the world
Authors: Lourenço Charles M , Pessoa Andre , Mendes Carmen C , Rivera‐Nieto Carolina , Vergara Diane , Troncoso Mónica , Gardner Emily , Mallorens Francisca , Tavera Lina , Lizcano Luis A , Atanacio Nora , Guelbert Norberto , Specola Norma , Mancilla Nury , de Souza Carolina F M , Mole Sara E 
Published: December 2020

AimNeuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2) disease is an autosomal recessive inherited neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1) enzyme, leading to progressive deterioration of neurological functions commonly occurring in children aged 2–4 years and culminating in early death. Atypical cases associated with earlier or later symptom onset, or even protracted course, have already been reported. Such variable manifestations may constitute an additional challenge to early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment. The present work aimed to analyse clinical data from a cohort of Latin American CLN2 patients with atypical phenotypes.MethodsExperts in inborn errors of metabolism from Latin America selected patients from their centres who were deemed by the clinicians to have atypical forms of CLN2, according to the current literature on this topic and their practical experience. Clinical and genetic data from the medical records were retrospectively revised. All cases were presented and analysed by these experts at an Advisory Board Meeting in São Paulo, Brazil, in October 2018.ResultsSeizures, language abnormalities and behavioural disorders were found as the first manifestations, appearing at the median age of 6 years, an older age than classically described for the late infantile form. Three novel mutations were also identified.ConclusionOur findings reinforce the inclusion of CLN2 in the differential diagnosis of children presenting with seizures, behavioural disorders and language abnormalities. Early diagnosis will allow early initiation of specific therapy.
Effect of storage duration on egg quality, embryo mortality and hatchability in FUNAAB‐ɑ chickens
Authors: Abioja Monsuru Oladimeji , Abiona John Adesanya , Akinjute Obafemi Foluso , Ojoawo Henry T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEffect of extended storage on egg quality, embryo mortality and hatchability in FUNAAB‐ɑ chickens was determined. Hatchable eggs (n = 288; weighing 53.2 ± 4.67 g) collected from a flock of FUNAAB‐ɑ layer breeder hens aged 32 weeks were stored in egg tray with broad end up under 16 ± 1.5°C for either 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20 d. Before incubation, eight eggs from each group were evaluated for internal and external quality traits. Remaining eggs were set in an incubator and transferred into hatcher on embryonic day 18. Data collected were subjected to one‐way analysis of variance. Egg weight loss (EWL; p < .001), surface area (p < .001), yolk diameter (p < .001), inner and outer blastoderm diameters (p < .05) and dead in germ (DIG; p < .001) increased with storage duration while yolk height (p < .001), yolk index (p < .001), albumen weight (p < .05), albumen height (p < .05), albumen index (p < .01), Haugh's unit (HU; p < .05), fertility (p < .001), hatchability of set (HATCHS; p < .001) and fertile eggs (p < .05) decreased. Weight losses of 0, 1.2, 2.2, 3.4, 4.6 and 6.1% were recorded in egg stored for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days respectively. Eggs stored beyond 8 days exhibited higher DIG and lower HATCHS. Shell percentage in 4 days storage (11.4%) was lower (p < .05) than in 16 days storage (13.4%). Shell thickness was similar in eggs stored for 0 to 12 days, but 8 days storage (0.60 mm) had thinner (p < .01) shell than day 16 (0.71 mm) and day 20 (0.73 mm) storage. Internal quality unit (IQU) was higher (p < .05) in fresh eggs (180.4) than in 12 days (167.8) and 20 days (167.8) stored eggs. Extended storage of FUNAAB‐ɑ eggs caused EWL, surface area shrinkage, lowered HU and IQU, loss of yolk and albumen quality, increased blastoderm diameters and DIG, and decreased egg fertility and HATCHS from day 8 forward. Storing FUNAAB‐ɑ eggs beyond 8 days reduced quality parameters; therefore, other mitigating factors are recommended when storing beyond 8 days.
Evaluation of large volume yeast interfering RNA lure‐and‐kill ovitraps for attraction and control of Aedes mosquitoes
Authors: Hapairai L. K. , Mysore K. , James L. D. , Scheel N. D. , Realey J. S. , Sun L. , Gerber L. E. , Feng R. S. , Romero‐Severson E. , Mohammed A. , Duman‐Scheel M. , Severson D. W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), principle vectors of several arboviruses, typically lay eggs in man‐made water‐filled containers located near human dwellings. Given the widespread emergence of insecticide resistance, stable and biofriendly alternatives for mosquito larviciding are needed. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that inactivated yeast interfering RNA tablets targeting key larval developmental genes can be used to facilitate effective larvicidal activity while also promoting selective gravid female oviposition behaviour. Here we examined the efficacy of transferring this technology toward development of lure‐and‐kill ovitraps targeting Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) female mosquitoes. Insectary, simulated field and semi‐field experiments demonstrated that two mosquito‐specific yeast interfering RNA pesticides induce high levels of mortality among larvae of both species in treated large volume containers. Small‐scale field trials conducted in Trinidad, West Indies demonstrated that large volume ovitrap containers baited with inactivated yeast tablets lure significantly more gravid females than traps containing only water and were highly attractive to both A. aegypti and A. albopictus females. These studies indicate that development of biorational yeast interfering RNA‐baited ovitraps may represent a new tool for control of Aedes mosquitoes, including deployment in existing lure‐and‐kill ovitrap technologies or traditional container larviciding programs.
Cutaneous reactions to pediatric cancer treatment part II: Targeted therapy
Authors: Carlberg Valerie M. , Davies Olivia M. T. , Brandling‐Bennett Heather A. , Leary Sarah E. S. , Huang Jennifer T. , Coughlin Carrie C. , Gupta Deepti 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children. Targeted therapies may improve survivorship; however, unique side‐effect profiles have also emerged with these novel therapies. Changes in hair, skin, and nails—termed dermatologic adverse events (AEs)—are among the most common sequelae and may result in interruption or discontinuation of therapy. Though dermatologic AEs have been detailed in adults, these findings are not well described in the pediatric population. We reviewed the literature to characterize dermatologic AEs to anticancer targeted therapies available as of July 2020 and summarized the spectrum of clinical findings as well as treatment recommendations for children. Dermatologic AEs are among the most common AEs reported in pediatric patients receiving targeted therapy, but morphologic and histologic descriptions are often lacking in current publications. Pediatric dermatologists are uniquely poised to recognize specific morphology of dermatologic AEs and make recommendations for prevention and treatment that may improve quality of life and enable ongoing cancer therapy.
Dysfunction by Design: Trumpism as Administrative Doctrine
Authors: Moynihan Donald , Roberts Alasdair 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe administration of President Donald Trump caused widespread damage to administrative capabilities of the American federal government. Actions of the administration can be attributed to several causes, including character weaknesses of the President himself, the disadvantages of a political insurgent, and the challenges faced by every president in an era of divided government. The actions of the administration also reflect a governing strategy we categorize as Trumpism. Important elements of Trumpism will continue to have political force in the coming years. Attempts by the Biden administration to restore administrative capabilities will be constrained by these political realities.Evidence for Practice

Trumpism was a governing strategy that was associated with a distinctive approach toward the reconstruction of federal administrative capacities.
Trumpism revived and reinvented old strands in American political thought, such as populism, conspiracism, isolationism, and white nationalism.
Trumpism as an administrative doctrine included delegitimization of the public service, a politicized and personalized management of the executive branch, a demand for loyalty over competence among public servants, a blurring of roles between Trump and the office of the President, and a disregard for traditional forms of accountability.
As a means of managing public services, Trumpism could be judged a failure. Mismanagement of the COVID pandemic likely cost Trump his re‐election. However, his attacks on public service itself drew broad support.
While Trump is a unique political figure, elements of Trumpism will remain influential in American politics. Attempts to reconstruct and expand federal administrative capacities will be constrained by this political reality.
Toll‐like receptor‐2/7‐mediated T cell activation: An innate potential to augment CD8+ T cell cytokine production
Authors: Freen‐van Heeren Julian J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCD8+ T cells are critical to combat pathogens and eradicate malignantly transformed cells. To exert their effector function and kill target cells, T cells produce copious amounts of effector molecules, including the pro‐inflammatory cytokines interferon γ, tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin 2. TCR triggering alone is sufficient to induce cytokine secretion by effector and memory CD8+ T cells. However, T cells can also be directly activated by pathogen‐derived molecules, such as through the triggering of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs). TLR‐mediated pathogen sensing by T cells results in the production of only interferon γ. However, in particular when the antigen load on target cells is low, or when TCR affinity to the antigen is limited, antigen‐experienced T cells can benefit from costimulatory signals. TLR stimulation can also function in a costimulatory fashion to enhance TCR triggering. Combined TCR and TLR triggering enhances the proliferation, memory formation and effector function of T cells, resulting in enhanced production of interferon γ, tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin 2. Therefore, TLR ligands or the exploitation of TLR signalling could provide novel opportunities for immunotherapy approaches. In fact, CD19 CAR T cells bearing an intracellular TLR2 costimulatory domain were recently employed to treat cancer patients in a clinical trial. Here, the current knowledge regarding TLR2/7 stimulation‐induced cytokine production by T cells is reviewed. Specifically, the transcriptional and post‐transcriptional pathways engaged upon TLR2/7 sensing and TLR2/7 signalling are discussed. Finally, the potential uses of TLRs to enhance the anti‐tumor effector function of T cells are explored.
Suicide mortality and related behavior following calls to the Veterans Crisis Line by Veterans Health Administration patients
Authors: Hannemann Claire M. , Katz Ira R. , McCarthy Megan E. , Hughes Gregory J. , McKeon Richard , McCarthy John F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess outcomes for Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients following calls to the Veterans Crisis Line (VCL).Methods158,927 VHA patients had an initial VCL call in 2010–2015 with documented identifiers. Multivariable proportional hazards regressions assessed risks of suicide and suicide‐related behavior through 12 months. Covariates included age, sex, region, mental health encounters in the prior year, time of day, weekday/weekend status, call outcome, and responder determination of caller risk.ResultsAnnualized suicide rates per 100,000 within 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were 797, 520, 387, and 298, respectively. Average age was 49.9 (SD = 15.2), 86.5% were male, 68.6% received mental health encounters in the prior year, and 5.9% had calls categorized as at high risk. Adjusting for covariates, suicide risk was greater among male callers and those with calls categorized as at high or moderate risk.ConclusionsVeterans Crisis Line serves a high‐risk population at a critical time. Rates were particularly high within one month and remained substantially elevated through 12 months. Findings have directly informed ongoing efforts to enhance coordination between VCL and VHA to support suicide prevention.
An application of the 2018 Banff Classification for BK polyomavirus‐associated nephropathy in renal transplantation
Authors: Wang Meifang , Zhou Qin , Wang Huiping , Chen Ying , Chen Jianghua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is still a lack of a recognized morphological classification of BK viral nephropathy (BKVN) which can better reflect the clinical manifestations and prognosis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of 53 patients with BKVN in our center from January 2011 to December 2018 and evaluated the new Banff 2018 classifications' predictive value for the graft prognosis.ResultsThe period between transplantation and BKVN diagnosis lasted for 10.3 months (IQR, 5.3‐21.9 months). The main reason (92.5%) for puncture was the increase of blood serum creatinine. Of the 53 patients diagnosed with BKVN, 100% were positive for urinary BK virus‐DNA, and the viral load was 1.4 × 108 copies/mL (IQR, 3.7 × 104‐1.3 × 1011 copies/mL); 75.5% were positive for blood BK virus‐DNA, and the viral load was 3.3 × 104 copies/mL (IQR, 0‐2.8 × 107 copies/mL). There were five cases in class 1, 31 cases in class 2, and 17 cases in class 3; the viral load of urine BK was 3.3 × 108, 1.4 × 108, and 6.3 × 107 copies/mL (P > .05); the viral load of blood BK was 3.3 × 104, 3.3 × 104, and 3.3 × 104 copies/mL (P > .05); the 1‐year graft survival rates were 100%, 90.3%, and 52.9%, respectively (P < .05).ConclusionBKVN mostly occurs within 1 year after transplantation. There is no correlation between BK virus load in hematuria and pathological damage at the time of diagnosis. The 2018 Banff Classification for BKVN can better indicate the prognosis of graft.
Nation‐wide investigation ofRHDvariants in Thai blood donors: Impact for molecular diagnostics
Authors: Thongbut Jairak , Laengsri Vishuda , Raud Loann , Promwong Charuporn , I‐Na‐Ayudhya Chartchalerm , Férec Claude , Nuchnoi Pornlada , Fichou Yann 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge of the molecular determinants driving antigen expression is critical to design, optimize, and implement a genotyping approach on a population‐specific basis. AlthoughRHDgene variability has been extensively reported in Caucasians, Africans, and East‐Asians, it remains to be explored in Southeast Asia. Thus the molecular basis of non‐D+ blood donors was investigated in Thailand.Study Design and MethodsFirst, 1176 blood samples exhibiting an inconclusive or negative result by automated serological testing were collected in the 12 Regional Blood Centres of the Thai Red Cross located throughout Thailand. Second, theRHDgene was analyzed in all samples by 1) quantitative multiplex PCR of short fluorescent fragments, and 2) direct sequencing, when necessary, for identifying structural variants and single nucleotide variants, respectively.ResultsAdditional serological typing yielded 51 and 1125 samples with weak/partial D and D‐negative (D‐) phenotype, respectively. In the first subset, partialRHD*06.03was the most common variant allele (allele frequency: 18.6%). In the second subset, the whole deletion of the gene is largely the most frequent (allele frequency: 84.9%), followed by the AsianDELallele found in 15.6% of the samples. Eight novel alleles with various mutational mechanisms were identified.ConclusionWe report, for the first time at the national level, the molecular basis of weak/partial D and serologically D‐ phenotypes in Thai blood donors. The design and implementation of a dedicated diagnostic strategy in blood donors and patients are the very next steps for optimizing the management and supply of RBC units in Thailand.
The shortage of veterinarians in emergency practice: A survey and analysis
Authors: Booth Matthew , Rishniw Mark , Kogan Lori R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine factors that impact veterinarians’ decisions to pursue a career in, or remain working in emergency medicine.DesignSurvey.SettingGeneral practitioner and student members of Veterinary Information Network.AnimalsNone.InterventionsNone.Measurement and main resultsVeterinarians working in (or having worked in), and students hoping to work in emergency medicine mostly enjoy this type of medicine but find the scheduling and stress of the job create impediments to remaining in the field. Fear of being left without support, especially early in their career, also hinder veterinarians from pursuing a career in or remaining in emergency medicine.ConclusionsPrograms that increase flexibility of work hours or schedules, and provide either a formal or informal mentoring environment, might help increase retention of veterinarians within the field and encourage students to consider a career in emergency medicine.
A Longitudinal Study of Power Relations in a British Olympic Sport Organization
Authors: Feddersen Niels B. , Morris Robert , Storm Louise K. , Littlewood Martin A. , Richardson David J. 
Published: December 2020

The purpose was to examine the power relations during a change of culture in an Olympic sports organization in the United Kingdom. The authors conducted a 16-month longitudinal study combining action research and grounded theory. The data collection included ethnography and a focus group discussion (n = 10) with athletes, coaches, parents, and the national governing body. The authors supplemented these with 26 interviews with stakeholders, and we analyzed the data using grounded theory. The core concept found was that power relations were further divided into systemic power and informational power. Systemic power (e.g., formal authority to reward or punish) denotes how the national governing bodies sought to implement change from the top-down and impose new strategies on the organization. The informational power (e.g., tacit feeling of oneness and belonging) represented how individuals and subunits mobilized coalitions to support or obstruct the sports organization’s agenda. Olympic sports organizations should consider the influence of power when undertaking a change of culture.