bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IoT/cloud‐enabled smart services: A review on QoS requirements in fog environment and a proposed approach based on priority classification technique
Authors: Ksentini Amel , Jebalia Maha , Tabbane Sami 
Published: November 2019

SummarySmart applications are increasingly emerged in our daily professional and personal lives, ranging from augmented reality and gaming applications to E‐health and telesurgery services. In fact, the growing development of Internet of Things (IoT) and its integration with cloud and fog paradigms have encouraged infrastructures and services providers to perform intelligence in advanced technologies. However, the deployment of IoT/cloud‐enabled smart services still suffers from several quality of services (QoSs) management issues such as latency sensitivity for interactive applications and real‐time big data analytics. In this paper, we propose to present a novel approach for the management of smart services QoS. Accordingly, we introduce an overview of QoS requirements in fog computing environment for several IoT/cloud‐enabled use cases, to identify QoS metrics. The synthesis of the requirements review allows us to present a solution for QoS enhancements on the basis of a priority classification (PC) technique. Simulated with iFogSim, PC shows a significant enhancement of the system performance, notably for latency, energy consumption, and network usage.
Faster nitrogen cycling and more fungal and root biomass in cold ecosystems under experimental warming: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Salazar Alejandro , Rousk Kathrin , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg S. , Bellenger Jean‐Philippe , Andrésson Ólafur S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWarming can alter the biogeochemistry and ecology of soils. These alterations can be particularly large in high northern latitude ecosystems, which are experiencing the most intense warming globally. In this meta‐analysis, we investigated global trends in how experimental warming is altering the biogeochemistry of the most common limiting nutrient for biological processes in cold ecosystems of high northern latitudes (>50°): nitrogen (N). For comparison, we also analyzed cold ecosystems at intermediate and high southern latitudes. In addition, we examined N‐relevant genes and enzymes, and the abundance of belowground organisms. Together, our findings suggest that warming in cold ecosystems increases N mineralization rates and N2O emissions and does not affect N fixation, at least not in a consistent way across biomes and conditions. Changes in belowground N fluxes caused by warming lead to an accumulation of N in the forms of dissolved organic and root N. These changes seem to be more closely linked to increases in enzyme activity that target relatively labile N sources, than to changes in the abundance of N‐relevant genes (e.g., amoA and nosZ). Finally, our analysis suggests that warming in cold ecosystems leads to an increase in plant roots, fungi, and (likely in an indirect way) fungivores, and does not affect the abundance of archaea, bacteria, or bacterivores. In summary, our findings highlight global trends in the ways warming is altering the biogeochemistry and ecology of soils in cold ecosystems, and provide information that can be valuable for prediction of changes and for management of such ecosystems.
Early‐stage sustainability assessment of biotechnological processes: A case study of citric acid production
Authors: Becker Mi‐Yong , Kohlheb Norbert , Hunger Steffi , Eschrich Sandra , Müller Roland , Aurich Andreas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSustainability assessment using a life‐cycle approach is indispensable to contemporary bioprocess development. This assessment is particularly important for early‐stage bioprocess development. As early‐stage investigations of bioprocesses involve the evaluation of their ecological and socioeconomic effects, they can be adjusted more effectively and improved towards sustainability, thereby reducing environmental risk and production costs. Early‐stage sustainability assessment is an important precautionary practice and, despite limited data, a unique opportunity to determine the primary impacts of bioprocess development. To this end, a simple and robust method was applied based on the standardized life‐cycle sustainability assessment methodology and commercially available datasets. In our study, we elaborated on the yeast‐based citric acid production process with Yarrowia lipolytica assessing 11 different substrates in different process modes. The focus of our analysis comprised both cultivation and down‐stream processing. According to our results, the repeated batch raw glycerol based bioprocess alternative showed the best environmental performance. The second‐ and third‐best options were also glycerol‐based. The least sustainable processes were those using molasses, chemically produced ethanol, and soy bean oil. The aggregated results of environmental, economic, and social impacts display waste frying oil as the best‐ranked alternative. The bioprocess with sunflower oil in the batch mode ranked second. The least favorable alternatives were the chemically produced ethanol‐, soy oil‐, refined glycerol‐, and molasses‐based citric acid production processes. The scenario analysis demonstrated that the environmental impact of nutrients and wastewater treatment is negligible, but energy demand of cultivation and down‐stream processing dominated the production process. However, without energy demand the omission of neutralizers almost halves the total impact, and neglecting pasteurization also considerably decreases the environmental impact.
Space–time trends and dependence of precipitation extremes in North‐Western Germany
Authors: Cabral R. , Ferreira A. , Friederichs P. 
Published: November 2019

The assessment of long‐term trends in environmental extremes is a challenging and important subject in the current discussion on global climate change. We propose a new approach for evaluating temporal trends and spatial homogeneity in extremes accounting also for spatial dependence. Based on exceedances over a space–time threshold, we provide estimators for a so‐called scedasis function and the extreme value parameters. Two novel test statistics based on the scedasis function provide a way to assess space–time inhomogeneities. Finally, we propose a procedure to achieve stationarity in space and time and evaluate residual extremal dependence over space through a variogram analysis that includes anisotropy.The methods are applied to daily accumulated precipitation data observed at 64 weather stations in North‐Western Germany. The time period from 1931 to 2014 is considered, separately for northern hemispheric winter (November – March) and summer (May – September). The results reveal a clear seasonal differentiation on extremal behavior with the highest precipitation records and generally heavier tails during summer. Spatial inhomogeneities in the frequency of precipitation extremes are related to topography and are particularly significant during winter. During this season, we further observe significant deviations from time‐stationarity at a few stations, related to a period of a high frequency of extremes around 1992. Spatial anisotropy in the extremal dependence structure is stronger during winter than during summer and reveals an increased dependence in the east–west direction.
Protective effects of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) against high‐fat‐induced oxidative stress
Authors: Liu Dandan , Guan Xiao , Huang Kai , Li Sen , Liu Jing , Yu Wenwen , Duan Ruiqian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHyperlipidemia is closely related to oxidative stress, and it has been proved that the intake of legumes can protect the body from chronic diseases related to oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of mung beans and peas against high‐fat‐diet‐induced rats. It was found that, with 50% addition of mung beans or peas, the intake of mung beans and peas could significantly restore the levels of serum total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Liver staining also showed that high‐fat diet (HFD) led to liver lesions, whereas whole‐grain intake could significantly relieve these symptoms. Compared with the HFD group, the antioxidant defense system and antioxidant gene expression in administered legume groups improved markedly. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of the two legume extracts were determined. Characterization showed that the ethanol extracts of mung beans and peas possessed high antioxidant activities, for their ability to scavenge ABTS and DPPH, reduce Fe3+ and their antilipid peroxidation capacity. Treatments with ethanol extracts at different doses could restore the levels of intracellular lipid, malondialdehyde, and antioxidant enzyme activities in oleic acid‐induced HepG2 cells. All these results suggested that mung beans and peas or their extracts may be utilized as good candidates of natural antioxidant agents.
Adult‐onset neuroblastoma: Report of seven cases with molecular genetic characterization
Authors: Duan Kai , Dickson Brendan C. , Marrano Paula , Thorner Paul S. , Chung Catherine T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhereas neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, less than 5% of cases occur in adults. Pediatric neuroblastoma shows marked heterogeneity of histology and molecular biology. Information about this tumor in adults is limited, especially regarding molecular biology. We report a series of nine neuroblastoma cases diagnosed in adulthood (18 to 40 years old) with molecular biologic characterization in seven. All tumors were Schwannian stroma‐poor, and mostly poorly differentiated. Tumors expressed neural markers including PHOX2B, NB84, synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, neuron‐specific enolase, and PGP9.5. Two out of six cases expressed ALK and one had the F1174 L mutation reported in childhood neuroblastoma. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed MYCN amplification in 2/7 cases, chromosome 1p deletion in 1/5 cases and 17q gain in 4/4 cases. One in five cases showed loss of ATRX expression by immunohistochemistry and alternate lengthening of telomeres by FISH. Zero out of five cases showed rearrangement of the TERT gene by FISH, but one case showed high level amplification. In conclusion, the morphology and immunophenotype of adult‐onset neuroblastoma are similar to pediatric cases although less differentiated than some childhood tumors. Similarly, molecular genetic alterations in adult‐onset neuroblastoma are not unique to this age group. However, 80% of cases tested showed genetic changes that would promote maintenance of telomeres, which is a molecular marker of high risk cases. This may help explain the poor response in adults to pediatric treatment protocols. Additional studies to characterize the biology of this tumor in the adult age group will facilitate the design of more personalized therapeutic approaches.
The risk of second primary tumors in head and neck cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Coca‐Pelaz Andrés , Rodrigo Juan P. , Suárez Carlos , Nixon Iain J. , Mäkitie Antti , Sanabria Alvaro , Quer Miquel , Strojan Primož , Bradford Carol R. , Kowalski Luiz P. , Shaha Ashok R. , de Bree Remco , Hartl Dana M. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Takes Robert P. , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSecond primary tumors (SPTs) are a common cause of reduced life expectancy in patients treated for head and neck cancer (HNC). This phenomenon forms an area to be addressed during posttreatment follow‐up.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of literature following PRISMA guidelines, from 1979 to 2019, to investigate incidence of SPTs, synchronous, and metachronous, in HNC population.ResultsOur review includes data of 456 130 patients from 61 articles. With a minimum follow‐up of 22 months, mean incidence of SPTs was 13.2% (95% CI: 11.56‐14.84): 5.3% (95% CI: 4.24‐6.36) for synchronous SPTs and 9.4% (95% CI: 7.9‐10.9) for metachronous SPTs. The most frequent site for SPTs was head and neck area, followed by the lungs and esophagus.ConclusionAlthough with wide variations between studies, the rate of SPTs in HNC patients is high. Given the impact in the prognosis, we must develop strategies for the early diagnosis of SPTs.
A Molecular Mechanism Underlying Genotype‐Specific Intrahepatic Cholestasis Resulting From MYO5B Mutations
Authors: Overeem Arend W. , Li Qinghong , Qiu Yi‐Ling , Cartón‐García Fernando , Leng Changsen , Klappe Karin , Dronkers Just , Hsiao Nai‐Hua , Wang Jian‐She , Arango Diego , van Ijzendoorn Sven C.D. 
Published: November 2019

Background and Aims
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) 6 has been associated with missense but not biallelic nonsense or frameshift mutations in MYO5B, encoding the motor protein myosin Vb (myoVb). This genotype‐phenotype correlation and the mechanism through which MYO5B mutations give rise to PFIC are not understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether the loss of myoVb or expression of patient‐specific myoVb mutants can be causally related to defects in canalicular protein localization and, if so, through which mechanism.

Approach and Results
We demonstrate that the cholestasis‐associated substitution of the proline at amino acid position 600 in the myoVb protein to a leucine (P660L) caused the intracellular accumulation of bile canalicular proteins in vesicular compartments. Remarkably, the knockout of MYO5B in vitro and in vivo produced no canalicular localization defects. In contrast, the expression of myoVb mutants consisting of only the tail domain phenocopied the effects of the Myo5b‐P660L mutation. Using additional myoVb and rab11a mutants, we demonstrate that motor domain‐deficient myoVb inhibited the formation of specialized apical recycling endosomes and that its disrupting effect on the localization of canalicular proteins was dependent on its interaction with active rab11a and occurred at the trans‐Golgi Network/recycling endosome interface.

Conclusions
Our results reveal a mechanism through which MYO5B motor domain mutations can cause the mislocalization of canalicular proteins in hepatocytes which, unexpectedly, does not involve myoVb loss‐of‐function but, as we propose, a rab11a‐mediated gain‐of‐toxic function. The results explain why biallelic MYO5B mutations that affect the motor domain but not those that eliminate myoVb expression are associated with PFIC6.
Calibration method affects the measured δ2H and δ18O in soil water by direct H2Oliquid–H2Ovapour equilibration with laser spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Hongxiu , Si Bingcheng , Pratt Dyan , Li Han , Ma Xiaojun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe direct H2Oliquid–H2Ovapour equilibration method utilizing laser spectroscopy (DVE‐LS) is a way to measure soil pore water stable isotopes. Various equilibration times and calibration methods have been used in DVE‐LS. Yet little is known about their effects on the accuracy of the obtained isotope values. The objective of this study was to evaluate how equilibration time and calibration methods affect the accuracy of DVE‐LS. We did both spiking and field soil experiments. For the spiking experiment, we applied DVE‐LS to four soils of different textures, each of which was subjected to five water contents and six equilibration times. For the field soil experiment, we applied three calibration methods for DVE‐LS to two field soil profiles, and the results were compared with cryogenic vacuum distillation (CVD)‐LS. Results showed that DVE‐LS demonstrated higher δ2H and δ18O as equilibration time increased, but 12 to 24 hr could be used as optimal equilibration time. For field soil samples, DVE‐LS with liquid waters as standards led to significantly higher δ2H and δ18O than CVD‐LS, with root mean square error (RMSE) of 8.06‰ for δ2H and 0.98‰ for δ18O. Calibration with soil texture reduced RMSE to 3.53‰ and 0.72‰ for δ2H and δ18O, respectively. Further, calibration with both soil texture and water content decreased RMSE to 3.10‰ for δ2H and 0.73‰ for δ18O. Our findings conclude that the calibration method applied may affect the measured soil water isotope values from DVE‐LS.
Hemodynamic stability in liver failure patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange
Authors: Patale Dnyaneshwar , Bajpai Meenu , Maiwall Rakhi , Kumar Guresh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe management of liver failure (LF) remains a challenge for the physician. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) improves consciousness level and tends to normalize hyperkinetic circulation by removing neurotoxic substances from the circulation. Hemodynamic stability is essential for optimal patient management. The objective of this study was to observe the effects of TPE on mean arterial pressure (MAP), vasopressor dependency index (VDI) and vasopressor score (VS) in LF patients.MethodThis retrospective study was conducted on LF patients at a liver institute in Delhi. Clinical data were collected from April 2018 to September 2018.ResultsA total of 229 TPEs were performed on 97 patients. Baseline values were MAP 82 (56‐141), VS 10.55 (0.00‐111.66), and VDI 0.13(0.00‐1.44). MAP increased with TPE from 82 to 85 at 1 hour post‐TPE and fell back to baseline in 6 hours post‐TPE. VDI and VS decreased significantly with TPE till 1 hour post‐TPE but reached baseline by 6 hours post‐TPE. VDI decreased consistently untill third TPE session and remained stable thereafter. Post‐TPE, S. Procalcitonin decreased from 4.69 to 4.25. The average time from admission to start of first TPE procedure was 11 hours in survivors and 26 hours in nonsurvivors.ConclusionsPatients became hemodynamically stable with TPE but effect did not last long. Sustained improvements in VDI were observed with multiple TPE procedures. Distinct differences were seen between survivors and nonsurvivors in MAP, VDI, and VS early initiation of TPE correlated with improved survival in ALF patients. TPE did not increase risk of sepsis.
Significance of sleep stability using cardiopulmonary coupling in sleep disordered breathing
Authors: Seo Min Young , Hwang Sun Jin , Nam Kuk Jin , Lee Seung Hoon 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the sleep quality and sleep stability according to the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by using questionnaires and cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) analysis.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty‐one adults were evaluated using subjective sleep questionnaires, CPC parameters, and respiratory parameters measured during full‐night polysomnography. We measured the differences in the CPC parameters of each OSA group and the correlation between the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and CPC parameters.ResultsAHI and CPC parameters were not associated with sleep questionnaires. AHI is negatively correlated with high frequency coupling (HFC, r = −0.725, P < 0.001) and very low frequency coupling (VLFC, r = −0.475, P < 0.001), but it is positively correlated with low frequency coupling (LFC, r = 0.786, P < 0.001) and narrow‐ and broadband‐elevated low frequency coupling (e‐LFCNB and e‐LFCBB; r = 0.522, P < 0.001 and r = 0.668, P < 0.001, respectively). We also found similar results regarding the correlation between the arousal index and CPC parameters. In addition, there were significant differences in HFC, LFC, VLFC, e‐LFCNB, and e‐LFCBB (all P < 0.001) between the severe OSA group and all other groups.ConclusionWe found that CPC parameters significantly correlated with AHI. In addition, sleep stability‐related parameters differ significantly based on OSA severity, and apneic parameters in the severe OSA group are significantly different from those in the other groups.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130: 2069–2075, 2020
Finite morphisms and simultaneous reduction of the multiplicity
Authors: Abad C. , Bravo A. , Villamayor U. O. E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLetXbe a singular algebraic variety defined over a perfect fieldk, with quotient field . Let be the highest multiplicity ofXand let be the set of points of multiplicitys. If is a regular center and is the blow up atY, then the highest multiplicity ofX1is less than or equal tos. A sequence of blow ups at regular centers , say , is said to be asimplificationof the multiplicity if the maximum multiplicity of is strictly lower than that ofX, that is, if is empty. In characteristic zero there is an algorithm which assigns to eachXa unique simplification of the multiplicity. However, the problem remains open when the characteristic is positive. In this paper we will study finite dominant morphisms between singular varieties of generic rank (i.e., ). We will see that, when imposing suitable conditions on β, there is a strong link between the strata of maximum multiplicity ofXand , say and respectively. In such case, we will say that the morphism is strongly transversal. When is strongly transversal one can obtain information about the simplification of the multiplicity ofXfrom that of and vice versa. Finally, we will see that given a singular varietyXand a finite field extensionLof of rank , one can construct (at least locally, in étale topology) a strongly transversal morphism , where has quotient fieldL.
Compact dual‐polarized meandered dipole antenna with LC‐balun integrated CPW‐G feeding lines for UHF RFID applications
Authors: Seo Dong‐Geun , Lee Wang‐Sang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article presents a compact dual‐polarized meandered dipole antenna with an LC‐balun integrated coplanar waveguide with ground (CPW‐G) feeding lines for ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification handheld readers. It consists of printed ±45° dipole antennas on an upper substrate with parasitic elements on a lower substrate, which is made by a fan‐shaped meandered line. The feeders for the radiators are independently made up of a CPW‐G line in supports and it is connected to the radiator by LC‐balun. The proposed antenna has vertical and horizontal linear polarization, and it is fabricated on an RF‐35 substrate and the size is 0.21
λ0× 0.21
λ0 × 0.08
λ0 at 915 MHz. The peak gain and 10‐dB impedance bandwidth are approximately 3.3 dBi and 12%, respectively. In addition, measured isolation between two radiators is approximately 32 dB at 915 MHz.
Tunable, reconfigurable, and programmable metamaterials
Authors: Bao Lei , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractElectromagnetic metamaterials have been developing rapidly and attracted worldwide attentions since the concept has been proposed due to their powerful ability in controlling electromagnetic (EM) waves. Active functions and features achieved by tunable or reconfigurable metamaterials are highly desired in the field of science, engineering, and military. With the introduction of digital metamaterials, a bridge between the physical world and the information world is set up. When the digital metamaterials are programmable, they enable the wave‐based information coding and processing on the physical level of metamaterials in real time. In this paper, we will summarize the recent progress on tunable, reconfigurable, and programmable metamaterials. Firstly, we introduce the tunable and reconfigurable metamaterials in terahertz and microwave frequencies. Secondly, we review the functional devices and novel systems by the programmable metamaterials. Finally, we give a brief developing prospect to the programmable metamaterials.