bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les villes en Afrique avant 1900. Bilan historiographique et perspectives de recherche
Authors: Coret Clélia , Zaugg Roberto , Chouin Gérard 
Published: December 2020

Quels nouveaux questionnements émergent plusieurs décennies après les premières études académiques ? Quelles sont les réponses apportées et quelles sources sont mobilisées ? Ce numéro thématique propose un bilan historiographique des recherches menées sur les villes, tout en s’inscrivant dans les réflexions méthodologiques les plus récentes autour de la question des relations entre le territoire urbain et l’exercice du pouvoir avant le xxe siècle, à travers ses aspects matériels et symboliques. Des études de cas au Maghreb, en Afrique occidentale forestière et sahélienne et en l'Afrique de l'Est abordent ces enjeux.
Chemotherapy for Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Associated Infections Over Two Decades in India: Timeline and Impact on Outcome
Authors: Uppuluri Ramya , Swaminathan Venkateswaran Venkateswaran , Ravichandran Nikila , Ramanan Kesavan Melarcode , Meena Satishkumar , Varla Harika , Ramakrishnan Balasubramaniam , Jayakumar Indira , Raj Revathi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Infection and relapse constitute the two main challenges in the management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in children. Real-world data in children treated in low-and-middle income countries are sparse as the cost of supportive care is high. Patients and Methods: We present data on children up to 18 years of age undergoing chemotherapy for AML as per UKMRC AML protocol from 2002 to June 2019 and pattern of sepsis. Results: The incidence of culture-positive sepsis was similar pre- and post-2012 (52.6% vs. 72.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most common organism. There was a significant increase in carbapenem resistance post 2012 (14% vs. 67%, P = 0.032). Sepsis-related induction mortality has remained at 6.2% despite an increase in drug-resistant bacterial infections over two decades. The overall survival was 53% (n=48), with a plateau in the survival curve after 24 months, relapse being the most common cause of death (69%). Conclusions: Sepsis-related induction mortality can be maintained at less than 10% in children undergoing chemotherapy for AML, despite increasing drug-resistant bacteremia, with adequate supportive care and trained personnel including pediatric intensivists and nurses.
Atypical presentations of Bowen's disease: A case series
Authors: Sirka Chandra Sekhar , Sahu Kananbala , Dash Gaurav , Pradhan Swetalina , Rout Arpita Nibedita 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBowen's disease (BD) is a rare premalignant condition. Classically, it presents as a well-demarcated erythematous plaque. Atypical variants in terms of the site (genitals and back) and morphology such as verrucous, hyperkeratotic, atrophic, and pigmented types are rarely described in the literature. This is the first case series of atypical presentation of BD. We herein report five cases of BD diagnosed clinically and histopathologically, presenting with rare morphology over unusual sites. They were treated successfully with both medical and surgical modalities. BD can be a diagnostic challenge for a physicians as it mimics common conditions such as psoriasis and eczema. This case series is reported to bring awareness regarding such unusual presentation and sites of BD for early detection and treatment among dermatologists, thus preventing malignant transformation.
European Public Prosecutor's Office: New Actor in EU Criminal Law
Authors: Becková Dominika 
Published: December 2020

The European Public Prosecutor's Office was established under enhanced cooperation in 2017, as a new body in the institutional system of the European Union. The establishment of the European Public Prosecutor's Office changes the EU criminal law in a significant way, as it is the first body of the European Union, which will undertake its own investigations of criminal offences affecting the financial interests of the EU, carry out acts of prosecution and exercise the functions of prosecutor in the competent courts of the Member States.
Portuguese football coaches’ migration: Patterns and networks in 2009-2013
Authors: Borges Mario , Rosado Antonio , De Oliveira Rita , Freitas Francisco 
Published: December 2020

Sport migration is an important topic of global migration. It can capture migration patterns and the reliance on networks, which are specific to sports. This study seeks to identify the patterns and networks of Portuguese football coaches’ migration between 2009 and 2013. This period is important because these were years of financial crisis with high rates of unemployment. We collected data about destination countries of migrant coaches. For coaches working abroad in 2013, we also collected data about their career path and networks including the assistant coaches and players with whom they had previously worked. The results showed that the destination of Portuguese football coaches involves both peripheral and central areas of football prestige. The pattern of migration suggests an overlap of economic, historical and cultural factors. On the other hand, the network relations of Portuguese football coaches were prominent in a zone of high prestige close to the native country, and in a zone with high financial incentives but lower football prestige. Taken together, these results highlight the career specificities of coaches who migrate to different countries including the role of networks on a football coaching career abroad.
ANALISA BISNIS PAKAN TERNAK DENGAN PENDEKATAN BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS (BMC) PADA KUB GUNUNG GARE
Authors: Yesi Desri 
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran model bisnis KUB Gunung Gare ditinjau dari 9 aspek pada Business Model Canvas dan untuk menentukan rekomendasi pengembangan bisnis yang sesuai untuk diterapkan pada KUB Gunung Gare. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan gambaran tentang kondisi bisnis KUB Gunung Gare saat ini dan beberapa rekomendasi yang disarankan yaitu dari Customer Segments berupa penambahan segmentasi pada agen-agen ataupun ritel penjualan pakan, penggunaan social media dan website pada Channels, peningkatan kelancaran informasi pada Customer Relationship, pelatihan bagi tenaga kerja (SDM) serta aktivitas promosi pada Key activities, peningkatan kualitas bahan baku, penambahan jumlah mesin produksi ataupun peningkatan kapasitas mesin, peningkatan kapabilitas SDM, pengajuan kredit atau pinjaman dan upgrade teknologi pada Key Resources, peningkatan kualitas kerjasama pada Key Partner, penarikan biaya pelatihan pada Revenue Stream, serta perlunya pembukuan/ akuntansi keuangan pada segmen Cost Structure
Evidence-based decision making and covid-19: what a posteriori probability distributions speak
Authors: Bhandari Sudhir , Shaktawat Ajit Singh , Tak Amit , Shukla Jyotsna , Patel Bhoopendra , Singhal Sanjay , Gupta Jitentdra , Kakkar Shivankan , Dube Amitabh , Dia Sunita , Dia Mahendra , Wehner Todd C. 
Published: December 2020

Background: In the absence of any pharmaceutical interventions, the management of the COVID-19 pandemic is based on public health measures. The present study fosters evidence-based decision making by estimating various “a posteriori probability distributions" from COVID-19 patients.
Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 987 RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients from SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India, were enrolled after approval of the institutional ethics committee. The data regarding age, gender, and outcome were collected. The univariate and bivariate distributions of COVID-19 cases with respect to age, gender, and outcome were estimated. The age distribution of COVID-19 cases was compared with the general population's age distribution using the goodness of fit c2 test. The independence of attributes in bivariate distributions was evaluated using the chi-square test for independence.
Results: The age group ‘25-29’ has shown highest probability of COVID-19 cases (P [25-29] = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.12- 0.16). The men (P [Male] = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.59-0.65) were dominant sufferers. The most common outcome was recovery (P [Recovered] = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.76-0.81) followed by admitted cases (P [Active]= 0.13, 95%CI: 0.11-0.15) and death (P [Death] = 0.08, 95%CI: 0.06-0.10). The age distribution of COVID-19 cases differs significantly from the age distribution of the general population (c2 =399.04, P < 0.001). The bivariate distribution of COVID-19 across age and outcome was not independent (c2 =106.21, df = 32, P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The knowledge of disease frequency patterns helps in the optimum allocation of limited resources and manpower. The study provides information to various epidemiological models for further analysis.
COMPORTAMENTO POLÍTICO DAS ELITES BRASILEIRAS E A REALIZAÇÃO DA JUSTIÇA SOCIAL
Authors: Moura Francisco Augusto Pinto de 
Published: December 2020

A crise grassa na sociedade brasileira. Nunca houve tanta inflação. Nunca os partidos políticos estiveram tão desprestigiados. Nunca a palavra de nossos governantes valeu tão pouco nos foros internacionais. Nunca se falou tanto em Justiça Social e em Democracia. Nunca o governo mostrou tanto a sua ineficiência em face das questões sociais e políticas.
A crise que ora se enfrenta marca o fim de uma ilusão – a de que o crescimento econômico por si só seria capaz de erradicar a pobreza e os altos níveis de injustiça social que historicamente marcaram o País.
Esse é o desafio permanente e desconcertante com que se defrontam os responsáveis pelos vários segmentos de uma sociedade que luta para galgar patamares satisfatórios de desenvolvimento, juntamente com uma justa e racional distribuição dos frutos desse desenvolvimento.
Democracia se aprende fazendo. Nossa nova Constituição, prolixa e por vezes incoerente em vários pontos, servirá para que a Nação se reconheça nela e tente aperfeiçoá-la, aperfeiçoando-se.
As elites devem inspirar ideais e favorecer os comportamentos éticos que hão de nortear uma solução democrática, consensual e civilizada.
DESCRIÇÃO LINGUÍSTICA DE [(X) CORRER SN]FOC NO PB
Authors: Freitas Junior Roberto , Castanheira Dennis , Rocha Júlia , Nascimento João Paulo 
Published: December 2020

O artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a rede de construções [(X) CORRER SN]FOC no Português do Brasil (PB) à luz da Gramática das Construções Baseada no Uso (GCBU), modelo que coaduna pressupostos teóricos desenvolvidos no âmbito da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso (LFCU). Assim, pretende-se apresentar os resultado de uma pesquisa sobre a construção de estrutura argumental [(X)VSN]FOC em que configura a realização da construção <CORRER> no slot correspondente ao seu item verbal. Defendemos que além do caráter de focalização da construção herdada pelo padrão mais abstrato [(X)VSN]FOC, é possível argumentar a favor da existência de subpadrões, em nível mais baixo da rede construcional [(X) CORRER SN]FOC que guardam suas próprias informações de forma e sentido.
المساندة الاجتماعية وعلاقتها بالضغوط النفسية لدى الأطفال الفلسطينيين في محافظة غزة
Authors: الحاج أحمد صلاح حمدان 
Published: December 2020

ملخص:
هدفت الدراسة للتعرف على العلاقة بين المساندة الاجتماعية والضغوط النفسية لدى الأطفال الفلسطينيين في محافظة غزة, وعلاقته ببعض المتغيرات (النوع، مكان السكن), ولتحقيق هذا الهدف استخدم المنهج الوصفي، وأعد الباحث مقياسين طبقهما على عينة عشوائية بسيطة مكونة من (380) طالب وطالبة تراوحت أعمارهم بين (15-18) من المرحلة الأساسية والعليا بمداس محافظة غزة (شرق غزة ،غرب غزة)، وتوصلت الى النتائج الآتية:
1.	وجود علاقة ارتباط سالبة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المساندة الاجتماعية والضغوط النفسية لدى الأطفال الفلسطينيين في محافظة غزة.
2.	عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في المساندة الاجتماعية لدى الأطفال الفلسطينيين في محافظة غزة تعزى لمتغير النوع ( ذكر، أنثى) في المساندة النفسية الاجتماعية والمساندة الاجتماعية من قبل الأصدقاء ومساندة المؤسسات الأهلية.
3.	عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغير النوع في الضغوط الانفعالية والشخصية والصحية والسياسية والأمنية, ووجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغير النوع(ذكور، إناث) ولقد كانت الفروق لصالح الذكور.
4.	عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في المساندة الاجتماعية لدى الأطفال الفلسطينيين في محافظة غزة تعزى لمتغير مكان السكن ( شرق غزة ، غرب غزة) .
الكلمات المفتاحية: الدعم الاجتماعي, الأزمة.
Abstract
he study aimed to identify the relationship between social support and psychological stress in Palestinian children in Gaza governorate and its relation to some variables (type, place of residence). To achieve this goal, the descriptive approach was used. The researcher prepared two random sample measures, consisting of (380) (15-18) of the primary and upper stage of the district of Gaza governorate (east of Gaza, west of Gaza), Reached the following conclusions: 1. There is a statistically significant negative correlation between social support and psychological stress among Palestinian children in Gaza governorate.
2.	There are no statistically significant differences in the social support of Palestinian children in Gaza Governorate due to gender variable (male, female) in psychosocial support, social support by friends and support of NGOs.
3.	There were no statistically significant differences due to the gender variable in the emotional, personal, health, political and security pressures, and there were differences of statistical significance due to gender variable (males, females).
4.	No statistically significant differences in social support among Palestinian children in Gaza Governorate due to the variable of residence (East Gaza, West Gaza)
Keywords: social support ,Crisis
Giftedness and Illness: A Reflection on Nietzsche's Biography and Work
Authors: Frolova Irina 
Published: December 2020

Gifted people’s mental health is an unsolved practical and research problem. The article aims to answer the question how psychopathology can become a dominant communication strategy of gifted people. The issues is approached by the analysis of giftedness concepts developed within psychological and sociological approaches.
The life and work of F. Nietzsche is analyzed as a bright example of genius struggling with a psychotic illness. Nietzsche’s spiritual quest ended in chaos and emptiness. However the meaning of his illness goes far beyond his own subjectivity. Nietzsche's madness turned out to be a new path, a different existence, and a crucial event which completely changed our idea of good and evil, faith and disbelief.
The philosophic approach to giftedness considers the existential meaning of the appearance of extraordinary people in society and analyzes their life history not only in terms of their subjectivity, but also in the perspective of the influence of their life and work on the subsequent development of society as a whole.
К Вопросу О Месте Азербайджана в Южнокавказской Политике России в XVIII – начале XIX вв. в Современной Азербайджанской Историографии
Authors: İSKENDEROVA Marziya 
Published: December 2020

Межнациональные конфликты конца ХХ – начала XXI вв. предопределяют особую актуальность темы изученности внешней политики России на Южном Кавказе. Геополитическое и геостратегическое значение Азербайджана, как и Южного Кавказа в целом, всегда находилось в центре внимания научных исследователей. В статье предпринята попытка историографического анализа неко¬торых трудов современных азербайджанских исследователей, позволивших выделить значимое место Азербайджана в южнокавказской колониальной политике России в XVIII – нач. XIX вв. Акцент на геостратегическом положении Азербайджана как важнейшего фактора в широкомасштабных планах России раскрывает позиции авторов в отношении доминанты в политике России её интересов на Южном Кавказе в целом, и в Азербайджане, в частности.В статье уделяется должное внимание определению азербайджанскими историками приоритетной роли Азербайджана в российско-османском противоборстве на Кавказе. Вместе с тем, раскрытие ими вопроса о месте Азербайджана в российско-гаджарских и российско-османских отношениях позволяет проследить гегемонистскую политику царизма в Южном Кавказе. Демонстрируемая в работах преемственность политики царизма отражает не только двойственность политики России, но и ее стремление к единоличному господству на Южном Кавказе и, в том числе в Азербайджане. В свою очередь рассмотрение истоков внешней политики России в данном регионе способствует выявлению степени разработки исторических корней ряда геополитических процессов современности. Прослеживаемые в этих работах глубокий подход и принципы объективизма при освещении изучаемой темы явились итогом переосмысления методологических основ периода «застоя» и тем самым эти работы знаменовали собой новый этап в исторической науке после распада СССР.Обоснованно и объективно рассматривается изучение в них факторов, определивших особую важность Азербайджана в экспансионистской южнокавказской политике России в указанный период.Предпринятая в статье попытка проведения историографического анализа трудов некоторых представителей современной азербайджанской историографии позволяет пронаблюдать отказ ими от идеологизированного подхода советской эпохи к проблеме выяснения значимости Азербайджана во внешней политике России в указанный период. Именно последнее способствовало выявлению этими азербайджанскими учеными главной- колониальной сущности политики России на Южном Кавказе в этот период. Вместе с тем, историографическая разработка указанных исследований раскрывает единение авторов в восприятии особого места Азербайджана для России и определении объективных факторов, обусловливающих активизацию политики царизма в данном регионе.
Locke the Plotter? Ashcraft's Revolutionary Politics Reconsidered
Authors: Milton Philip 
Published: December 2020

In the twenty years since it was published, Richard Ashcraft’s Revolutionary Politics and Locke’ s ‘Two Treatises of Government’ has become established as a major contribution to Locke scholarship. Ashcraft’s primary interest was in political theory, and though he emphasized that he was not writing a political biography he did insist that Locke’s political thought ‘cannot be grasped in any way other than on the basis of biographical evidence’. One of his main aims was to dispel what he called the ‘myth of Locke’s political innocence’ and he sought to portray him as a committed political activist, not a ‘detached philosopher’. ‘We have become accustomed’, he wrote, ‘to seeing a tapestry in which Locke is pictured alongside Newton or Boyle. The historical Locke, however, was more often in the company of Ferguson or Wildman or some obscure tradesmen.’ The comparison is a striking one. Robert Ferguson has gone down in history as Ferguson the Plotter, and John Wildman was someone who, in the words of his biographer, was ‘plotter alike against Charles I, Cromwell, Charles II, James II and William III’. Both were involved in the Rye House plot and Monmouth’s rebellion, though Wildman preferred to leave the risks to others. If Ashcraft is to be believed, Locke was similarly involved, and so too were most of his friends: ‘The fact is that the majority of Locke’s friends were political activists, and of these, the overwhelming majority had been members of the Green Ribbon Club and were participants in the Rye House conspiracy’.
Singspiels of Hans Iver Horn
Authors: Skagen Annabella 
Published: December 2020

This article focuses on two singspiels that were created in the intersection of professional and amateur production in Denmark-Norway during the Danish-Swedish war of 1808–1809, namely Kapertoget (The Capturing Raid) and Fredsfesten (The Peace Festival). Both were written by the Danish-Norwegian physician Hans Iver Horn, with music by Friedrich L.Æ. Kunzen and Hans Hagerup Falbe, respectively. They are among the rare examples of plays in this period where the setting, characters and action are presented from a Norwegian point of view.
During the years of war leading up to 1814, questions of nationality and national identity became increasingly significant in Denmark-Norway. The article examines the representation of Norwegian identity and self-perception, ideals of patriotism, and political tendencies in Horn’s scripts, seen within their historical performance context.
The analyses demonstrate an ongoing negotiation between an established twin-state patriotism and a separate Norwegian nationalist identity, with an early Scandinavist interest in Sweden as a possible liaison. The national character probably found expression through staging and music as well as in the written dialogue. The article argues that singspiels and occasional dramas produced within amateur circles should be seen as part of a politically charged discourse, reflecting and affecting issues of historical significance.
THz Time‐Domain Spectroscopy Techniques for Cultural Heritage
Authors: Falconieri Mauro , Gagliardi Serena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the last few tens of years, practical exploitation of the electromagnetic spectrum window corresponding to terahertz frequencies has become possible thanks to the development of novel radiation sources and detection systems, thus overcoming the technological difficulties inherent to this spectral region.Such systems use femtosecond laser pulses to produce and coherently detect ultrashort electromagnetic pulses whose frequency spectrum covers the range from tens of GHz to few THz and have found their practical application in the THz time‐domain spectroscopy (THz‐TDS) technique.THz‐TDS systems have permitted the exploitation of the properties of THz waves as a diagnostic tool for a number of applications, and notably in the cultural heritage field, where the value and often the uniqueness of the samples require strictly nondestructive and preferably noncontact techniques.In this article, we briefly describe the operation of THz‐TDS systems, and then we account for the principles of the basic measurement techniques feasible through the use of such setups, divided into time‐domain (stratigraphy), frequency‐domain (spectroscopy), and reflectography. For each of these techniques, we give an updated review of the published works showing the applications in the field of cultural heritage, finally evidencing their potentialities and limits.
2D‐GaN/AlNMonolayer‐Thick Quantum Wells
Authors: Jmerik Valentin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe unique structural and optical properties of two‐dimensional (2D)‐GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with a nominal thickness of 1.5–2 monolayers (MLs) in AlN barriers allow one to consider them as highly efficient electron‐beam pumped ultraviolet‐C (UVC) emitters. These structures grown by both plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA MBE) and metalorganic vapor‐phase epitaxy on standardc‐sapphire substrates demonstrate an output optical pulse power of 1 and 2.2 W at a wavelength of 240 and 260 nm, respectively. This article focuses on the PA MBE of 2D‐GaN/AlN MQW structures using metal‐rich conditions and relatively low substrate temperatures (∼700 °C), which ensure the step‐flow growth of all layers with precise control of their thickness and abrupt interfaces. The revealed high internal quantum efficiency up to 75% in the (1–2)ML‐thick GaN/AlN QWs formed under these conditions is explained not only by the suppression of quantum‐confined Stark effect and the absence of TE/TM polarization switching in binary few‐ML‐thick QWs, but also by an enhanced rate of the excitonic transitions that mainly determine radiative recombination in such ultra‐thin QWs. In addition, the unusual quasi‐stress‐free growth of 2D‐GaN/AlN MQW structures allowed to increase the number of QWs up to 360 with an active region thickness of ∼2 μm.