bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using contributing causes of death improves prediction of opioid involvement in unclassified drug overdoses in US death records
Authors: Boslett Andrew J. , Denham Alina , Hill Elaine L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsA substantial share of fatal drug overdoses is missing information on specific drug involvement, leading to under‐reporting of opioid‐related death rates and a misrepresentation of the extent of the opioid epidemic. We aimed to compare methodological approaches to predicting opioid involvement in unclassified drug overdoses in US death records and to estimate the number of fatal opioid overdoses from 1999 to 2016 using the best‐performing method.DesignThis was a secondary data analysis of the universe of drug overdoses in 1999–2016 obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics Detailed Multiple Cause of Death records.SettingUnited States.CasesA total of 632 331 drug overdose decedents. Drug overdoses with known drug classification comprised 78.2% of the cases (n = 494 316) and unclassified drug overdoses (ICD‐10 T50.9) comprised 21.8% (n = 138 015).MeasurementsKnown opioid involvement was defined using ICD‐10 codes T40.0–40.4 and T40.6, recorded in the set of contributing causes. Opioid involvement in unclassified drug overdoses was predicted using multiple methodological approaches: logistic regression and machine learning techniques, inclusion/exclusion of contributing causes of death and inclusion/exclusion of county‐level characteristics. Having selected the model with the highest predictive ability, we calculated corrected estimates of opioid‐related mortality.FindingsLogistic regression and random forest models performed similarly. Including contributing causes substantially improved predictive accuracy, while including county characteristics did not. Using a superior prediction model, we found that 71.8% of unclassified drug overdoses in 1999–2016 involved opioids, translating into 99 160 additional opioid‐related deaths, or approximately 28% more than reported. Importantly, there was a striking geographic variation in undercounting of opioid overdoses.ConclusionsIn modeling opioid involvement in unclassified drug overdoses, highest predictive accuracy is achieved using a statistical model—either logistic regression or a random forest ensemble—with decedent characteristics and contributing causes of death as predictors.
Presentation clinical, haematological and immunophenotypic features of 1081 patients with GPI‐deficient (paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria) cells detected by flow cytometry
Authors: Richards Stephen J. , Dickinson Anita J. , Cullen Matthew J. , Griffin Morag , Munir Tahla , McKinley Claire , Mitchell Lindsay D. , Newton Darren J. , Arnold Louise , Hill Anita , Hillmen Peter 
Published: February 2020

SummaryA retrospective analysis of presentation clinical, laboratory and immunophenotypic features of 1 081 patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) clones [glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐deficient blood cells] identified at our hospital by flow cytometry over the past 25 years was undertaken. Three distinct clusters of patients were identified and significant correlations between presentation disease type and PNH clone sizes were evident. Smaller PNH clones predominate in cytopenic and myelodysplastic subtypes; large PNH clones were associated with haemolytic, thrombotic and haemolytic/thrombotic subtypes. Rare cases with an associated chronic myeloproliferative disorder had either large or small PNH clones. Cytopenia was a frequent finding, highlighting bone marrow failure as the major underlying feature associated with the detection of PNH clones in the peripheral blood. Red cell PNH clones showed significant correlations between the presence of type II (partial GPI deficiency) red cells and thrombotic disease. Haemolytic PNH was associated with type III (complete GPI deficiency) red cell populations of >20%. Those with both haemolytic and thrombotic features had major type II and type III red cell populations. Distinct patterns of presentation age decade were evident for clinical subtypes with a peak incidence of haemolytic PNH in the 30–49 year age group and a biphasic age distribution for the cytopenia group.
Mutation topography and risk stratification for de novo acute myeloid leukaemia with normal cytogenetics and no nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) mutation or Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3‐ITD)
Authors: Zhou Ya‐Lan , Wu Li‐Xin , Peter Gale Robert , Wang Zi‐Long , Li Jin‐Lan , Jiang Hao , Jiang Qian , Jiang Bin , Cao Shan‐Bo , Lou Feng , Sun Ying , Wang Cheng‐Cheng , Liu Yan‐Rong , Wang Yu , Chang Ying‐Jun , Xu Lan‐Ping , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Liu Kai‐Yan , Ruan Guo‐Rui , Huang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: February 2020

SummaryAbout 25% of patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) have normal cytogenetics and no nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) mutation or Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3‐ITD). The prognosis and best therapy for these patients is controversial. We evaluated 158 newly diagnosed adults with this genotype who achieved histological complete remission within two cycles of induction therapy and were assigned to two post‐remission strategies with and without an allotransplant. Targeted regional sequencing at diagnosis was performed and data were used to estimate their prognosis, including relapse and survival. In multivariable analyses, having wild‐type or mono‐allelic mutated CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein alpha (CEBPA) [hazard ratio (HR) 2·39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·08–5·30; P = 0·032), mutated NRAS (HR 2·67, 95% CI 1·36–5·25; P = 0·004), mutated colony‐stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) (HR 2·85, 95% CI 1·12–7·27; P = 0·028) and a positive measurable residual disease (MRD)‐test after the second consolidation cycle (HR 2·88, 95% CI 1·32–6·30; P = 0·008) were independently correlated with higher cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR). These variables were also significantly associated with worse survival (HR 3·02, 95% CI 1·17–7·78, P = 0·022; HR 3·62, 95% CI 1·51–8·68, P = 0·004; HR 3·14, 95% CI 1·06–9·31, P = 0·039; HR 4·03, 95% CI 1·64–9·89, P = 0·002; respectively). Patients with ≥1 of these adverse‐risk variables benefitted from a transplant, whereas the others did not. In conclusion, we identified variables associated with CIR and survival in patients with AML and normal cytogenetics without a NPM1 mutation or FLT3‐ITD.
Assessment of 3‐dimensional bone augmentation of severely atrophied maxillary alveolar ridges using patient‐specific poly ether‐ether ketone (PEEK) sheets
Authors: EL Morsy Ola Alaa , Barakat Ahmed , Mekhemer Sameh , Mounir Mohamed 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of virtually designed polyether‐ether ketone (PEEK) sheets to delineate and maintains the three‐dimensional patient's maxillary alveolar ridge.Materials and methodsFourteen patients (34 implants) with severely atrophied anterior maxillary alveolar ridges underwent rehabilitation using custom‐made CAD/CAM PEEK sheets acting as a containment system for interpositional mix of particulate autogenous and xenogeneic bone graft, fixed by mono‐cortical screws. Radiographic Assessment included measurements of linear changes in the vertical and horizontal dimensions on cross‐sectional cuts of computed tomography (CBCT) using special software.ResultsWound healing was uneventful for all the patients except one patient that showed wound break down 2 weeks postoperatively, which did not affect the outcome of the procedure. CBCT scans were interpreted to compare the quantity of both vertical and horizontal bone preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Statistical analyses demonstrated a significant difference between the results of both time intervals, with a mean vertical and horizontal bone gain was 3.47 mm(±1.46) and 3.42 (±1.1) with a P‐value of (.0001). The customized sheets were removed 6 months postoperative with the successful placement of dental implants.ConclusionThe virtual planning of three‐dimensional maxillary alveolar ridge augmentation utilizing patient‐specific PEEK sheets deemed successful to restore the deficient ridge and to accommodate suitable size dental implants.
Outpatient (same‐day discharge) versus inpatient parotidectomy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Flach Susanne , Hey Shi Ying , Lim Alison , Maniam Pavithran , Li Zhi , Donnan Peter T. , Manickavasagam Jaiganesh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundParotidectomy is often performed as an inpatient procedure largely due to drain insertion; however, outpatient parotidectomy has increasingly become an attractive alternative for its shorter hospital stays and greater efficiency in cost‐effectiveness.Objective of reviewTo assess the safety and feasibility of outpatient (or same‐day discharge) parotidectomy compared with inpatient parotidectomy.Type of reviewSystematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines.MethodsPubmed/Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for articles published in English between 01/01/1990 and 05/10/2019. The Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment and Review Manager 5.3 for meta‐analyses.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcomes assessed were postoperative complications including bleeding/haematoma, surgical site infection, seroma and facial weakness. Secondary outcome was readmission rate.ResultsOut of 445 studies identified, 6 were selected for systematic review. The overall quality of evidence was moderate. A total of 3664 patients were included (1646 in the outpatient group and 2018 in the inpatient group). Comparing the outpatient with inpatient cohorts, there were lower complications in outpatient groups though not statistically significant for haematoma (OR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.11‐1.92; P = .28), surgical site infection (OR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.46‐1.69; P = .70), seroma (0.79; 95% CI = 0.21‐3.03; P = .74), facial nerve weakness (OR 0.39; 95% CI = 0.14‐1.08; P = .07) and hospital readmission (OR 0.58; 95% CI = 0.33‐1.04; P = .07).ConclusionsOutpatient parotidectomy appears to be safe and compares favourably to inpatient procedure in postoperative complication and readmission rates.
Integrating wildlife conservation into ecosystem service payments and carbon offsets: A case study from Costa Rica
Authors: Wolfe Jared D. , Elizondo Pablo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWildlife conservation is challenged by the expensive and cost prohibitive strategy of directly purchasing land to protect habitat at the landscape scale. An alternative mechanism used to protect habitat includes payments for ecosystem‐services (PES), where farmers and landowners are paid to manage their lands for a particular ecological service. Some of these easements are used to conserve a diversity of resources (i.e., water, soil, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity); however, the largest PES easement programs focus on carbon sequestration and are sold on international carbon markets as offsets. Here, we demonstrate that successfully protecting vulnerable habitat for wildlife can be achieved through partnerships with programs that trade in carbon offsets by focusing landowner recruitment activities in areas with ecologically valuable habitat. This collaborative strategy represents a cost effective and efficient model to protect wildlife at landscape scales. As proof of concept, in 2015 we successfully protected and restored habitats used by golden‐winged warblers, a species being considered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service for protection under the Endangered Species Act, by partnering with organizations responsible for managing carbon offsets in Costa Rica. Through these partnerships, we successfully protected 790 ha of valuable habitat, within a single year, by recruiting farmers and landowners into an easement program in the heart of the warbler's winter range. We present our efforts as a model for similar collaborative partnerships in the tropics and beyond.
Trapped by habitat choice: Ecological trap emerging from adaptation in an evolutionary experiment
Authors: Mortier Frederik , Bonte Dries 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIndividuals moving in heterogeneous environments can improve their fitness considerably by habitat choice. Induction by past exposure, genetic preference alleles and comparison of local performances can all drive this decision‐making process. Despite the importance of habitat choice mechanisms for eco‐evolutionary dynamics in metapopulations, we lack insights on the connection of their cue with its effect on fitness optimization. We selected a laboratory population of Tetranychus urticae Koch (two‐spotted spider mite) according to three distinct host‐choice selection treatments for ten generations. Additionally, we tested the presence of induced habitat choice mechanisms and quantified the adaptive value of a choice before and after ten generations of artificial selection in order to gather insight on the habitat choice mechanisms at play. Unexpectedly, we observed no evolution of habitat choice in our experimental system: the initial choice of cucumber over tomato remained. However, this choice became maladaptive as tomato ensured a higher fitness at the end of the experiment. Furthermore, a noteworthy proportion of induced habitat choice can modify this ecological trap depending on past environments. Despite abundant theory and applied relevance, we provide the first experimental evidence of an emerging trap. The maladaptive choice also illustrates the constraints habitat choice has in rescuing populations endangered by environmental challenges or in pest control.
Food and temperature stressors have opposing effects in determining flexible migration decisions in brown trout (Salmo trutta)
Authors: Archer Louise C. , Hutton Stephen A. , Harman Luke , McCormick Stephen D. , O’Grady Michael N. , Kerry Joseph P. , Poole W. Russell , Gargan Patrick , McGinnity Philip , Reed Thomas E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith rapid global change, organisms in natural systems are exposed to a multitude of stressors that likely co‐occur, with uncertain impacts. We explored individual and cumulative effects of co‐occurring environmental stressors on the striking, yet poorly understood, phenomenon of facultative migration. We reared offspring of a brown trout population that naturally demonstrates facultative anadromy (sea migration), under different environmental stressor treatments and measured life history responses in terms of migratory tactics and freshwater maturation rates. Juvenile fish were exposed to reduced food availability, temperatures elevated to 1.8°C above natural conditions or both treatments in combination over 18 months of experimental tank rearing. When considered in isolation, reduced food had negative effects on the size, mass and condition of fish across the experiment. We detected variable effects of warm temperatures (negative effects on size and mass, but positive effect on lipids). When combined with food restriction, temperature effects on these traits were less pronounced, implying antagonistic stressor effects on morphological traits. Stressors combined additively, but had opposing effects on life history tactics: migration increased and maturation rates decreased under low food conditions, whereas the opposite occurred in the warm temperature treatment. Not all fish had expressed maturation or migration tactics by the end of the study, and the frequency of these ‘unassigned’ fish was higher in food deprivation treatments, but lower in warm treatments. Fish showing migration tactics were smaller and in poorer condition than fish showing maturation tactics, but were similar in size to unassigned fish. We further detected effects of food restriction on hypo‐osmoregulatory function of migrants that may influence the fitness benefits of the migratory tactic at sea. We also highlight that responses to multiple stressors may vary depending on the response considered. Collectively, our results indicate contrasting effects of environmental stressors on life history trajectories in a facultatively migratory species.
SEZ6L2 knockdown impairs tumour growth by promoting caspase‐dependent apoptosis in colorectal cancer
Authors: An Ning , Zhao Yaqin , Lan Haitao , Zhang Ming , Yin Yuan , Yi Cheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSeizure‐related 6 homolog (mouse)‐like 2 (SEZ6L2) was shown to be involved in transcription of a type 1 transmembrane protein for regulating cell fate. Until now, the expression and function of SEZ6L2 in various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), were unclear. In the present study, we determined the expression of SEZ6L2 in a tissue microarray from patients with CRC and then, analysed the correlation between SEZ6L2 expression and the prognosis of the patients. Furthermore, the potential function of SEZ6L2 in CRC was determined using cell counting kit, colony formation assay and xenograft model in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry, Western blotting, immunohistochemical staining and a blocking experiment were employed to investigate the underlying mechanism of SEZ6L2 regulating CRC growth. Our results indicated that SEZ6L2 was significantly up‐regulated in tumour tissues of patients with CRC compared with adjacent normal tissues. Up‐regulation of SEZ6L2 was correlated with a poor prognosis in patients with CRC. In vitro experiments suggested that the knockdown of SEZ6L2 inhibits CRC cell growth and colony formation, but it has no significant impact on the invasion. The antitumour effects of shSEZ6L2 were also confirmed by a xenograft model. Investigations of the mechanisms indicated that the knockdown of SEZ6L2 impairs the growth of the CRC cells by inducing caspase‐dependent apoptosis, which was mediated by mitochondria‐related proteins. Furthermore, SEZ6L2 expression was inversely correlated with the expression of cytochrome C in malignant tissues in patients with CRC. Collectively, the present study indicates that SEZ6L2 is a potential prognosis biomarker and therapy target for CRC.
Treatment of periodontitis reduces systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Preshaw Philip M. , Taylor John J. , Jaedicke Katrin M. , De Jager Marko , Bikker Jan Willem , Selten Wieke , Bissett Susan M. , Whall Kerry M. , van de Merwe Rachel , Areibi Aisha , Jitprasertwong Paiboon , Al‐Shahwani Rana , Weaver Jolanta , Taylor Roy , Wassall Rebecca R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess the impact of periodontal treatment on systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsAdults with type 2 diabetes (n = 83) and without diabetes (controls, n = 75) were recruited, and participants with periodontitis received periodontal treatment and 12 months’ follow‐up. Biomarkers for periodontal inflammation (gingival crevicular fluid interleukin‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, interferon‐γ, matrix metalloproteinase‐8, matrix metalloproteinase‐9, adiponectin) and serum markers of inflammation and diabetes control (glycated haemoglobin, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, interferon‐γ, leptin, adiponectin) were measured. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate periodontal treatment effects on oral and systemic inflammation.ResultsPeriodontal treatment resulted in significant improvements in clinical status and reductions in gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers from baseline to month 12. Structural equation modelling identified that, at baseline, individuals with diabetes and periodontitis had significantly higher systemic inflammation than non‐diabetic controls with periodontitis (Δ = 0.20, p = .002), with no significant differences between groups for oral inflammation. There was a greater reduction in systemic inflammation following periodontal treatment in individuals with diabetes and periodontitis compared to those with periodontitis but not diabetes (Δ = −0.25, p = .01).ConclusionsDiabetes and periodontitis together appear to increase systemic inflammation, with evidence of reductions following periodontal treatment.
Rheological characterization of vegetable oil blends: Effect of shear rate, temperature, and short‐term heating
Authors: Hasan Wijdan , Khan Muhammad Nasiruddin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRheological characterization of canola–olive and canola–sesame blends was carried out. The canola–olive and canola–sesame blends were prepared in the vol/vol ratios of 90:10, 70:30, and 50:50. The rheology was studied at shear rates 1–132 s−1 and temperatures 15–65°C (288.15–338.15 K) before and after heating for 5, 10, and 15 min. Viscosity varied linearly with percentage composition of blend. Power law, Sisko, Cross, and Carreau equations for viscosity‐shear relation, and Arrhenius and Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equations for viscosity‐temperature relation were evaluated. The reduced χ2 values for the 70:30 canola–olive blend at 25°C were 7.84 × 10−5, 2.28 × 10−5, 1.26 × 10−6, and 1.23 × 10−6 for Power law, Sisko, Cross, and Carreau equations, respectively. Best fits were produced by Cross and Carreau for viscosity‐shear relation and by WLF equation for viscosity‐temperature relation. Short‐term heating was had no significant effect on the rheological profiles of the pure oils and their blends.Practical ApplicationsRheological characterization of vegetable oil blends could be helpful to engineers and scientists in formulation of vegetable oil blends for edible purposes and in designing the required process equipment. Curve fitting studies in rheology are especially helpful because the fitted equations can be used to solve complex flow problems encountered in engineering. The study could also be of interest to researchers and formulators in the field of biolubricants as well as medicinal oil formulations.