bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High seroprevalence of Toxocara antibodies in pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at a university hospital in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Ikotun Kemisola , Sowemimo Oluyomi , Chou Chia-Mei , Ajenifuja Kayode , Chuang Ting-Wu , Asaolu Samuel , Akinwale Olaoluwa , Gyang Vincent , Nwafor Timothy , Henry Emmanuel , Fan Chia-Kwung 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundHuman toxocariasis is a neglected zoonotic disease and its impact on human health is underestimated. Studies investigating the occurrence of toxocariasis in pregnancy are very scarce in Nigeria. This study investigated the seroprevalence of Toxocara spp. antibodies as well as the possible risk factors in pregnant women who routinely attended an antenatal clinic in a university hospital in Ile-Ife, Osun state.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 413 participating pregnant women between October 2017 and February 2018. Epidemiological data were obtained through a structured questionnaire. The sera were screened for anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies by western blot technique based on Toxocara canis larval excretory-secretory antigens, targeting low molecular weight bands of 24-35 kDa, specifically for T. canis infection.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence was 92.49% (382/413). There was no significant difference in the seroprevalence rate of Toxocara spp. infection between pregnant women aged ≤30 y and those aged &gt;30 y (91.63 vs 93.33%; OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.61 to 2.67, p=0.511). The seroprevalence rate increased with the number of miscarriages but there was no statistical significance (p&gt;0.05). Moreover, no significant associations were found between Toxocara spp. seropositivity and other studied risk factors (p&gt;0.05).ConclusionThe high seroprevalence of Toxocara spp. in pregnant Nigerian women needs comprehensive health education regarding personal hygiene and how to avoid exposure to this parasite infection.
Biologicals for severe asthma: what we can learn from real-life experiences?
Authors: Bagnasco Diego , Caminati Marco , Passalacqua Giovanni 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of review
Severe asthma is a serious disease affecting about 5–10% of asthmatic patients. Often patients with this kind of asthma requires periodical courses or daily intake of oral corticosteroids, to control symptoms. In the last few years several biological drugs have been developed with the aim to decrease exacerbations and reduce or suspend intake of systemic steroids in severe asthmatic patients. Clinical trials demonstrated the efficacy and the safety of biological antibodies in asthma, but it is already known that randomized controlled trials alone are not sufficient to provide complete information on a drug.

Recent findings
After marketing of monoclonal antibodies has been developed several real-life studies with the aim to observe how drugs, tested only on trial patients, are able to provide adequate effectiveness even on ‘real’ patients; indeed, it is well known that the latter differ in some characteristics from the patients of the trials.

Summary
The results of this analysis confirm the good efficacy of the biologics similarly in real-life patients, also ensuring a promising safety even in periods of observation longer than those of the randomized controlled trials.
Distal Tibial Fractures With or Without Articular Extension: Fixation With Circular External Fixation or Open Plating? A Personal Point of View
Authors: Lowenberg David W. , Smith Raymond M. 
Published: November 2019

Summary:
The treatment of very distal tibial (pilon) fractures remains one of the great challenges for the orthopaedic traumatologist. It is essential that the treating surgeon have a proper understanding of the fracture, the soft tissue injury, and the skills to deal with these often-complicated injuries to minimize the risk of complications that can occur after these often higher energy injuries. Bone stability can be achieved with both circular ring fixation and plating, and both can yield good results in experienced hands. This debate considers the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
Femoral Neck Fractures in Children: Issues, Challenges, and Solutions
Authors: Barreto Rocha Daniela Furtado , Horwitz Daniel S. , Sintenie Jan Bernard 
Published: November 2019

Summary:
Femoral neck fractures in children are rare injuries resulting from high-energy trauma. Different methods of treatment, lack of standard management protocols, and the high risk of complications make this injury one of the biggest challenges that an orthopaedic surgeon can face. This review focuses on the general aspects of the pediatric femoral neck fracture management as well as its complications and possible solutions.
Dramatic Weight Loss Following Addition of Aripiprazole to Olanzapine in a Patient With Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia: A Case Report
Authors: BOLAND XAVIER , CHHABRA PREETI 
Published: November 2019

Case summary:
A 26-year-old man with a history of longstanding treatment-resistant schizophrenia gained a substantial amount of weight while being treated with high-dose combination antipsychotic therapy with olanzapine and amisulpride. The patient was switched to combination therapy with olanzapine and aripiprazole to reverse a drug-induced hyperprolactinemia. The patient subsequently lost over 37 lb in weight over a period of 4 months despite no measurable changes in his dietary caloric intake or in his level of physical activity and without any identifiable medical cause on physical investigation.

Discussion:
The timing of the weight loss following the addition of aripiprazole and the exclusion of a medical cause point toward a causal relationship between the change in the patient’s medication and the dramatic change in his body weight. We propose that, in a subgroup of patients, the addition of aripiprazole to their antipsychotic regime (without stopping the offending antipsychotic in terms of weight gain) can result in very significant weight loss and even the reversal of antipsychotic-induced weight gain.
Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma of the Mandible Diagnosed With Oral Manifestations
Authors: Ayranci Ferhat , Omezli Mehmet Melih , Torul Damla , Ay Mustafa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Metastasis from the prostate gland to the mandible is rarely encountered and commonly present with non-specific features like unexplained pain, swelling, and numb chin syndrome. Here we present a case with metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma detected secondary to oral manifestations. Patients present with unexplained facial pain and numbness should alert clinicians to the presence of malignant disease, and appropriate hematological, radiological and or histological investigations should be performed. Thereby, clinicians can prevent the overlook of the first signs of metastasis, accelerate the early diagnosis and positively orientate the prognosis of the disease, especially in a patient without known malignancy.
Analysis of the Pterygomaxillary Fissure for Surgical Approach to Sphenopalatine Ganglion by Radiological Examination of Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Lentzen Max-Philipp , Safi Ali-Farid , Riekert Maximilian , Visser-Vandewalle Veerle , Grandoch Andrea , Zirk Matthias , Zöller Joachim E. , Kreppel Matthias 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is a complex and paired anatomical structure located at the skull base. A clinically and surgically relevant structure located in the pterygopalatine fossa is the sphenopalatine ganglion. Electrical stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion is one possible method of treating cluster headache. The pterygomaxillary fissure (PMF) defines the pterygopalatine fossa laterally and determines the surgical approach. As part of preoperative surgical planning, each patient undergoes a preoperative head computed tomography or a cone beam computed tomography. In our study cone beam computed tomography images of 90 male and 110 female PMF were analyzed. Generally, males have a wider fissure than females. Moreover, a significant inter-subject difference could be shown between males and females. The analysis of the right and left PMF according to gender and age does not show any significant intra-subject differences. Following an established protocol for high-resolution CT images the measurements were classified into four fissure types and also analyzed according to gender and age. Fissure type I is significantly more often present in males, whereas the smaller fissure types (II, III, and IV) are significantly more often found in females. Older patients presented statistically significant more often with type I, whereas the younger patients showed more often the narrower types II and IV. Due to the fact that narrow fissures smaller than 2 mm could limit the insertion of neurostimulator implants in the PPF, special attention should be paid to females and younger patients during preoperative planning.
Navigation-Assisted Treatment of Giant Cysts in the Pterygopalatine Fossa With Endoscopy Method
Authors: Liu Tiancong , Sun Yang , Li Jinxing , Bai Weiliang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A couple of cysts lying in the pterygopalatine fossa are rare. The authors report a case of a 28-year-old woman who was admitted to the authors’ hospital with a 1-month history of headache and numbness on the left head. Three-dimensional computed tomography revealed a large soft mass in the pterygopalatine fossa. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that there were a couple of cysts in the pterygopalatine fossa. One cyst measured 41 × 38 × 34 mm and the other 23 × 19 × 19 mm. A transpterygoid transnasal endoscopic approach and resection of the lesion was performed. The authors opened the cyst with coblation and the lesion showed a lot of transparent thick yellow liquid. The authors located the posterior wall the other cyst with ENT image navigation. The puncture was conducted and a lot of yellow liquid flowed out of the lesion. The patient recovered rapidly. The headache and numbness were alleviated and disappeared after 1 month. The patient currently has no evidence of recurrence at 1 year postoperatively. The coblation and ENT image navigation make the surgeon more easily to achieve risk-free surgery under endoscopy.
Percutaneous Lower Blepharoplasty: A Novel Technique in Lower Eyelid Aesthetics
Authors: Guner Huseyin 
Published: November 2019

Background:
More preservative approaches are being adopted in periorbital surgery each day. To avoid the possible complications of transcutaneous and transconjunctival blepharoplasty, the author has developed the safe and simple “Percutaneous Lower Blepharoplasty” technique, which he has been performing since 2008. The technique consists of the removal and transfer of lower orbital fat pads through 4-mm skin incisions with minimal dissection.

Patients and Methods:
The study is designed as a retrospective analysis of the operations done by the author from 2008 to 2018. The author performed 297 percutaneous lower blepharoplasty operations alone or in combination with tear-trough deformity correction, pinch skin excision, and/or carbon dioxide laser application. The video of the technique is demonstrated in the supplemental digital content.

Results:
The patients were followed for an average of 58.8 months. All the patients were satisfied with the result. There were no retractions or scleral show seen. The only complication was chemosis in 1 patient that subsided with steroid ointment. Conclusion: Percutaneous lower blepharoplasty is a novel technique that has the following advantages: Simple and fast, low complication rates, good cosmetic outcomes, tear trough deformity correction, better estimation of fat amount to be removed, and minimal dissection and avoidance of violation of lamellar structures. It can be performed safely alone or in combination with pinch excision and/or fractional laser resurfacing.
The unique genome architecture of the devastating West African cacao black pod pathogen Phytophthora megakarya
Authors: Morales-Cruz Abraham , Ali Shahin S. , Minio Andrea , Figueroa-Balderas Rosa , García Jadran F. , Kasuga Takao , Puig Alina S. , Marelli Jean-Philippe , Bailey Bryan A. , Cantu Dario 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTPhytophthora megakarya (Pmeg) and P. palmivora (Ppal) are oomycete pathogens that cause black pod rot of cacao (Theobroma cacao), the most economically important disease on cacao globally. While Ppal is a cosmopolitan pathogen, Pmeg, which is more aggressive on cacao than Ppal, has been reported only in West and Central Africa where it has been spreading and devastating cacao farms since the 1950s. In this study, we reconstructed the complete diploid genomes of multiple isolates of both species using single-molecule sequencing. Thirty-one additional genotypes were sequenced to analyze inter- and intra-species genomic diversity. These resources make it possible to better understand the molecular basis of virulence differences in closely related and consequential pathogens and study their evolutionary history. The Pmeg genome is exceptionally large (222 Mbp) and nearly twice the size Ppal (135 Mbp) and most known Phytophthora species (∼100 Mbp on average). We show that the genomes of both species recently expanded by independent whole-genome duplications (WGD). WGD and the dramatic transposable element associated expansion of a few gene families led to the exceptionally large genome and transcriptome of Pmeg and the diversification of virulence-related genes including secreted RxLR effectors. Finally, this study provides evidence of adaptive evolution among well-known effectors and discusses the implications of effector expansion and diversification.
MapCell: Learning a comparative cell type distance metric with Siamese neural nets with applications towards cell-types identification across experimental datasets
Authors: Koh Winston , Hoon Shawn 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTLarge collections of annotated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) experiments are being generated across different organs, conditions and organisms on different platforms. Transferring annotations from this growing database of single cell expression data to a new unannotated experimental dataset can accelerate insights into the underlying biology. There have been many approaches towards aligning and unifying such heterogeneous datasets. In our work, we recognized the need for a robust data driven distance metric to map annotation across datasets. Towards this aim, we applied a one-shot training approach, Siamese Neural Networks (SNN), to learn a distance metric that can differentiate between known annotated single cell types. Requiring only a small training set, we demonstrated that the SNN can perform predictions across different scRNA-seq platforms, identify novel cell types and transfer annotations across samples.
LIMD1 phase separation contributes to cellular mechanics and durotaxis by regulating focal adhesion dynamics in response to force
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhang Chunlei , Shao Shipeng , Sun Yujie , Liang Ling , Wu Congying 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe mechanical environement affects cell morphology, differentiation and motility. The ability of cells to follow gradients of extracellular matrix stiffness-durotaxis has been implicated in development, fibrosis, and cancer. Cells sense and respond to extra-cellular mechanical cues through cell-matrix adhesions. Interestingly, the maturation of focal adhesions (FAs) is reciprocally force-dependent. How biomechanical cues dictate the status of cell motility and how FAs coordinate force sensing and self-organization remain enigmatic. LIMD1, a member of the LIM domain proteins, localizes to the FAs and has been reported to negatively regulate the Hippo-YAP pathway in response to tension. Here we identify the force sensitive recruitment of LIMD1 to the FAs. We discover that LIMD1 regulates cell spreading, maintains FA dynamics and cellular force, and is critical for durotaxis. Intriguingly, LIMD1 selectively recruits late but not early FA proteins through phase separation at the FAs under force. We suggest a model in which localization of LIMD1 to the FAs, triggered by mechanical force, serves as a phase separation hub for assembling and organizing late FA proteins, allowing for effective FA maturation and efficient cellular mechano-transduction.
Selective carbon sources influence the end-products of microbial nitrate respiration
Authors: Carlson Hans K. , Lui Lauren M. , Price Morgan N. , Kazakov Alexey E. , Carr Alex V. , Kuehl Jennifer V. , Owens Trenton K. , Nielsen Torben , Arkin Adam P. , Deutschbauer Adam M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRespiratory and catabolic pathways are differentially distributed in microbial genomes. Thus, specific carbon sources may favor different respiratory processes. We profiled the influence of 94 carbon sources on the end-products of nitrate respiration in microbial enrichment cultures from diverse terrestrial environments. We found that some carbon sources consistently favor dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA/nitrate ammonification) while other carbon sources favor nitrite accumulation or denitrification. For an enrichment culture from aquatic sediment, we sequenced the genomes of the most abundant strains, matched these genomes to 16S rDNA exact sequence variants (ESVs), and used 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to track the differential enrichment of functionally distinct ESVs on different carbon sources. We found that changes in the abundances of strains with different genetic potentials for nitrite accumulation, DNRA or denitrification were correlated with the nitrite or ammonium concentrations in the enrichment cultures recovered on different carbon sources. Specifically, we found that either L-sorbose or D-cellobiose enriched for aKlebsiellanitrite accumulator, other sugars enriched for anEscherichianitrate ammonifier, and citrate or formate enriched for aPseudomonasdenitrifier and aSulfurospirillumnitrate ammonifier. Our results add important nuance to the current paradigm that higher concentrations of carbon will always favor DNRA over denitrification or nitrite accumulation, and we propose that, in some cases, carbon composition can be as important as carbon concentration in determining nitrate respiratory end-products. Furthermore, our approach can be extended to other environments and metabolisms to characterize how selective parameters influence microbial community composition, gene content and function.
Individual and concurrent effects of drought and chilling stresses on morpho-physiological characteristics and oxidative metabolism of maize cultivars
Authors: Hussain Hafiz Athar , Men Shengnan , Hussain Saddam , Ashraf Umair , Zhang Qingwen , Anjum Shakeel Ahmad , Ali Iftikhar , Wang Longchang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMaize belongs to tropical environment and is extremely sensitive to drought and chilling stress, particularly at early developmental stages. The present study investigated the individual and combine effects of drought (15% PEG-Solution) and chilling stress (15°C/12°C) on the morpho-physiological growth, osmolyte accumulation, production and regulations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activities of antioxidants in two maize hybrids i.e., ‘XD889’ and ‘XD319’ and two inbred cultivars i.e., ‘Yu13’ and ‘Yu37’. Individual and combined drought and chilling stresses stimulated the production of O2□, H2O2, OH□ and enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) contents which led to reduced photosynthetic pigments and morphological growth. Drought, chilling and drought + chilling stress conditions induced the compatible osmolytes, ROS detoxifying proteins and antioxidants to counterbalanced the oxidative damage. It was found that the concurrent occurrence of drought + chilling stress was more lethal for maize seedling growth than the drought and chilling individual stresses. However, the performance of hybrid maize cultivars (XD889 and XD319) was better than the inbred maize cultivars (Yu13 and Yu37). For improving tolerance to individual and concurrent drought and chilling stress in maize, future research focus should be on developing genetically engineer plants that have the ability to generate specific response against sub-optimal temperature and water deficit conditions.
Comparative analysis of chemically and biologically synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles against Leishmania tropica
Authors: Ain Qurat ul , Islam Arshad , Nadhman Akhtar , Yasinzai Masoom 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe current study was carried out to compare the antileishmanial potential of the characterized chemically and plant mediated (Trigonella foenum-graecum) FeO-NPs (FeO-NPs) against L.tropica KWH23. The promastigotes and amastigotes mortality, ROS generation, and biocompatibility assessment were estimated in time-dose dependent manner by PDT. LED exposed bio-inspired FeO-NPs after 72 hours, express significant suppressive effects by exhibiting 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) 0.001572±0.02μg/ml and 0.011408±0.02μg/ml for promastigotes and amastigotes, respectively. Leishmanial DNA damage and membrane integrity caused by FeO-NPs were owe to high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By applying different ROS scavengers (mannitol and sodium azide) hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen were found as main moieties for cell death by giving quantum yield 0.15 and 0.28 through chemically and green synthesized FeO-NPs, respectively. The light exposed green synthesized nanoparticles were found biocompatible on human red blood cells (RBCs), by exhibiting LD50 value 2659μg/mL. From these findings, it can be concluded that plant mediated FeO-NPs can be used as promising antiprotozoal agent.
AtacWorks: A deep convolutional neural network toolkit for epigenomics
Authors: Lal Avantika , Chiang Zachary D. , Yakovenko Nikolai , Duarte Fabiana M. , Israeli Johnny , Buenrostro Jason D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe introduce AtacWorks (https://github.com/clara-genomics/AtacWorks), a method to denoise and identify accessible chromatin regions from low-coverage or low-quality ATAC-seq data. AtacWorks uses a deep neural network to learn a mapping between noisy ATAC-seq data and corresponding higher-coverage or higher-quality data. To demonstrate the utility of AtacWorks, we train a model on data from four human blood cell types and show that this model accurately denoises chromatin accessibility at base-pair resolution and identifies peaks from low-coverage bulk sequencing of unseen cell types and experimental conditions. We use the same framework to obtain high-quality results from as few as 50 aggregate single-cell ATAC-seq profiles, and also from data with a low signal-to-noise ratio. We further show that AtacWorks can be adapted for cross-modality prediction of transcription factor footprints and ChIP-seq peaks from low input ATAC-seq. Finally, we demonstrate the applications of our approach to single-cell genomics by using AtacWorks to identify regulatory regions that are differentially-accessible between rare lineage-primed subpopulations of hematopoietic stem cells.