bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Geografis Pemetaan Tanaman Pangan Kabupaten Pulau Morotai
Authors: Umagapi Darman , Ambarita Arisandy , Kharie N Faisal 
Published: August 2020

Abstrak:Penilitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mengimplementasikan Sistem informasi Geografis Pemetaan Potensi Tanaman Pangan di Kabupaten Pulau Morotai, dilakukan di Kabupaten Pulau Morotai, Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, Metode Analisis Sistem yang digunakan adalah model driven secara terstruktur dengan pendekatan bottom-up membuat analisa sistem yang berjalan menggunakan alat bantu flowchart serta usulan sistem yang baru menggunakan pendekatan berorientasi objek dengan alat bantu UML, Metode pengembangan Sistem menggunakan Rapid Aplication Development (RAD). Bahasa Pemrograman yang digunakan HTML, PHP, MySQL serta Maps API untuk menampilkan media peta berbasis Web. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kemudahan bagi pihak Dinas Pertanian dalam Menginformasikan data Potensi lokasi tanaman pangan agar pengunjung dapat mengkases informasi lokasi Potensi Tanaman Pangan Kabupaten Pulau Morotai secara cepatKata Kunci: Sistem Informasi Geografis, Potensi, Tanaman Pangan, WebsiteAbstract:This research aims to design and implement Geographic Information Systems Mapping Potential Food Plants in Morotai Island Regency, carried out in Morotai Island Regency. Data collection is obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. The System Analysis Method used is a structured driven model with a bottom-up approach making system analysis that runs using a flowchart tool and a new system proposal using an object-oriented approach with UML tools, System development method uses Rapid Application Development (RAD). The programming languages used are HTML, PHP, MySQL and Maps API to display Web-based map media. The results of this study are expected to provide convenience for the Department of Agriculture in Informing the potential data of the location of food plants so that visitors can access information on the location of Potential Food Plants in Morotai Island Regency quicklyKeywords: Geographic Information Systems, Potential, Food Plants, Websites
Integrated earned value analysis and their impact on project success
Authors: Nouban Fatemeh , Alijl Nour , Tawalbeh Mohammad 
Published: August 2020

The project management system has many tools and techniques to control projects' main elements schedule, cost, quality, risk, communications and procurements to attain project success and high performance. Earned value analysis (EVA) is the most effective tool to measure project performance which is widely used by many organisations such as Defence Acquisition University; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Society of Cost Estimates and Analysis; and Project Management Institute (PMI) to measure project performance and control it through cost and schedule, which are illustrated into graphs to forecast the project results to be shared and reported to top management, stakeholders and client in regular basis taking into consideration the other factors such as risk management, project environment, quality, safety, control charts, and sustainability to attain highly performance. Proposed methodology in the presented paper to implement the integrated EVA in an effective and uncomplicated way to attain project success and high performance using an automated sheet to perform analysis for an anonymous hospital design project with the total duration of seven months and illustrates and summarises the key factors based on previous studies and project examples.
Causes of accidents and evaluation of safety system in Northern Iraq construction projects
Authors: Haider Ahmed Basil 
Published: August 2020

Construction work involves some of the most complex operational actions, where many activities require to be carried out at the same time and place. The nature of this type of work, subsequently, makes it an extremely hazardous environment for workers. By constructing sophisticated and intelligent safety systems to make construction work and sites safer, and bypasses any unforeseen costs caused by accidents that can occur during the construction work. To construct such systems, it is required to know the causes behind accidents. So that, to improve the overall safety performance, there is a need to investigate the causes of construction accidents and to evaluate the current safety systems used to give a picture of the weak points in systems currently adopted. The awareness of these things can be used in formulating safer working environments for construction work. This paper identifies the causes of the accident and evaluates the present safety systems in different construction projects in Northern Iraq. The study has been conducted by reviewing literature from articles and books, plus applied quantitative approaches to collect data by applying a questionnaire survey prepared for this study to collect data from the sites’ users. The results of the current study show that the overall evaluation of the safety system is in poor condition, also found that there are many causes behind accidents. The most severe cause is considering safety as a second priority, and the study classified the causes into, unsafe actions and unsafe conditions.
Family Planning in the Republic of Tajikistan: A narrative review from Soviet times to 2017
Authors: Henry Ellison , Juraqulova Zarrina H. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Tajikistan’s dramatic shift from a high to a low fertility society has taken place over a little more than two decades. While some fertility beliefs remained the same throughout the rapid economic and political transitions of Tajikistan, other beliefs may have changed to respond to the financial realities of the newly independent and Central Asian republic, such as having fewer children. The objective of this review was to describe and analyze the state of family planning in the Republic of Tajikistan from Soviet period (1929-1991) until 2017.Methods: The review is based on materials obtained from various sources including Google Scholar and PubMed, relevant to family planning in Tajikistan, including government policies, open-access nationally representative data, journal articles, and program reports, identified through a selective search of Google Scholar and PubMed databases, and the grey literature. Conclusion: This narrative review presents the history of family planning in Tajikistan, outlines an understanding of the health system context as it relates to family planning, and analyzes the latest national family planning policy (2017). The authors suggest further research is required to (a) understand the beliefs and practices related to family planning; and (b) define strategies to address the issue of unmet need of family planning services.
Nāyaka Chefs-d’œuvre Structure and Iconography of the Śrīvilliputtūr Tēr 1
Authors: Rajukalidoss Parthiban 
Published: August 2020

Śrīvilliputtūr is an important base of Visnuism in the deep south of peninsular India. The area round is full of archaeological monuments relating to Śiva and the folk divinities of the Little Tradition, the ‘Ciṟukuṭiyōr’. With the advent of Āḻvārs in the 7th-9th centuries CE (e.g. Nammāḻvār, Periyāḻvār, Āṇṭāḷ and Maturakavi), the landscape was thoroughly reset with temples of Viṣṇu; Tiruttaṅkal to the Tāmiraparaṇi basin (Navatiruppatis) being the nodal zone. The present article traces the Vaiṣṇava phase of Śrīvilliputtūr based on literary and epigraphical sources. The major concentration is on the massive wooden vehicle of Āṇṭāḷ and Vaṭapatraśāyī, called tēr. The structure and iconography of the tēr is the main theme for investigation occasionally throwing light on the changing phase of religious culture from the 7th to the 17th century. The chefs-d’œuvre from the tēr are examined in detail as they seem to include rare elements hitherto unreported. The article is appended with a plan of the city to understand the importance that the temple and the ter command within the organization of the Himmelreich. The photographic illustrations present an illuminating peep into the structure and iconography of the temple-car. The present temple-car is a remodeling of an old one that was demolished 100 years ago.
Effects of Origanum vulgare essential oil and its two main components, carvacrol and thymol, on the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Hou Huiyu , Zhang Xueying , Zhao Te , Zhou Lin 
Published: August 2020

Background
Botrytis cinerea causes serious gray mold disease in many plants. This pathogen has developed resistance to many fungicides. Thus, it has become necessary to look for new safe yet effective compounds against B. cinerea.

Methods
Essential oils (EOs) from 17 plant species were assayed against B. cinerea, of which Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) showed strong antifungal activity, and accordingly its main components were detected by GC/MS. Further study was conducted on the effects of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol in vitro on mycelium growth and spore germination, mycelium morphology, leakages of cytoplasmic contents, mitochondrial injury and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of B. cinerea. The control efficacies of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol on tomato gray mold were evaluated in vivo.

Results
Of all the 17 plant EOs tested, Cinnamomum cassia, Litsea cubeba var. formosana and O. vulgare EOs had the best inhibitory effect on B. cinerea, with 0.5 mg/mL completely inhibiting the mycelium growth of B. cinerea. Twenty-one different compounds of OVEO were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the main chemical components were carvacrol (89.98%), β-caryophyllene (3.34%), thymol (2.39%), α-humulene (1.38%) and 1-methyl-2-propan-2-ylbenzene isopropyl benzene (1.36%). In vitro experiment showed EC50 values of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol were 140.04, 9.09 and 21.32 μg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol and thymol completely inhibited the spore germination of B. cinerea at the concentration of 300 μg/mL while the inhibition rate of OVEO was 80.03%. EC50 of carvacrol and thymol have significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the fresh and dry weight of mycelia. The collapse and damage on B. cinerea mycelia treated with 40 μg/mL of carvacrol and thymol was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Through extracellular conductivity test and fluorescence microscope observation, it was found that carvacrol and thymol led to increase the permeability of target cells, the destruction of mitochondrial membrane and ROS accumulation. In vivo conditions, 1000 μg/mL carvacrol had the best protective and therapeutic effects on tomato gray mold (77.98% and 28.04%, respectively), and the protective effect was significantly higher than that of 400 μg/mL pyrimethanil (43.15%). While the therapeutic and protective effects of 1,000 μg/mL OVEO and thymol were comparable to chemical control.

Conclusions
OVEO showed moderate antifungal activity, whereas its main components carvacrol and thymol have great application potential as natural fungicides or lead compounds for commercial fungicides in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by B. cinerea.
Identifying disease-associated signaling pathways through a novel effector gene analysis
Authors: Bao Zhenshen , Zhang Bing , Li Li , Ge Qinyu , Gu Wanjun , Bai Yunfei 
Published: August 2020

Background
Signaling pathway analysis methods are commonly used to explain biological behaviors of disease cells. Effector genes typically decide functional attributes (associated with biological behaviors of disease cells) by abnormal signals they received. The signals that the effector genes receive can be quite different in normal vs. disease conditions. However, most of current signaling pathway analysis methods do not take these signal variations into consideration.

Methods
In this study, we developed a novel signaling pathway analysis method called signaling pathway functional attributes analysis (SPFA) method. This method analyzes the signal variations that effector genes received between two conditions (normal and disease) in different signaling pathways.

Results
We compared the SPFA method to seven other methods across 33 Gene Expression Omnibus datasets using three measurements: the median rank of target pathways, the median p-value of target pathways, and the percentages of significant pathways. The results confirmed that SPFA was the top-ranking method in terms of median rank of target pathways and the fourth best method in terms of median p-value of target pathways. SPFA’s percentage of significant pathways was modest, indicating a good false positive rate and false negative rate. Overall, SPFA was comparable to the other methods. Our results also suggested that the signal variations calculated by SPFA could help identify abnormal functional attributes and parts of pathways. The SPFA R code and functions can be accessed at https://github.com/ZhenshenBao/SPFA.
Understanding Enzymic Reactivity – New Directions and Approaches
Authors: Chandrasekhar Sosale 
Published: August 2020

New approaches towards understanding the reactivity of enzymes–central to chemical biology and a key to comprehending life itself–are discussed herein. The approach overall is based on the idea that structural and reactivity features uniquely characteristic of enzymes–in being absent in normal catalysts–are likely to hold the key to the catalytic powers of enzymes. The quintessentially physical-organic problem is addressed from several angles, both kinetic and phenomenological. (Generally, the Pauling theory of transition state stabilization is adopted as the rigorous basis for understanding enzyme action).
The kinetic approach focuses on the inadequacies of the Michaelis-Menten equation, and proposes an alternative model based on additional substrate binding at high concentrations, which satisfactorily explains experimental observations. The phenomenological approaches focus on the inadequacies of the intramolecularity criterion, thus leading to alternative strategies adopted by nature in the design of these mild yet powerful catalysts, characterized by exquisite selectivity.
Preferential transition state binding at the active site, via both hydrophobic and van der Waals forces, appears to be the major thermodynamic driver of enzymic reactivity. In operational terms, however, multifunctional catalysis–practically unique to the highly ordered enzyme interior–is likely the key to enzymic reactivity. A new concept, ‘strain delocalization’, possibly plays an important role in orchestrating these various effects, and indeed justifies the need for a large proteinic molecule for achieving the enormous rate enhancements generally observed with enzymes.
Thus, this renewed approach to understanding enzymic reactivity departs significantly from currently held views: radically, in abandoning the Michaelis-Menten and intramolecularity models; but also commandeering existing ideas and concepts, although with a shift in emphasis towards transition state effects (including the entirely novel idea of ‘strain delocalization’).The coverage is not exhaustive, but aims to introduce new ideas along with fresh insights into previous works.
An experimental application of Hypena opulenta as a biocontrol agent for the invasive vine Vincetoxicum rossicum
Authors: Livingstone Stuart W. , Smith Sandy M. , Bourchier Robert S. , Ryan Kathleen , Roberto Adriano , Cadotte Marc W. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract1. Pre‐release testing for biological control agents is focused primarily on assessment of host‐range specificity and safety of potential agents. Agent impact is considered pre‐release; however, the ultimate assessment of an agent must occur following release in the field under the target population levels and conditions of the invaded ecosystems. The invasive Eurasian vine, Vincetoxicum rossicum, has spread aggressively through its invaded range of eastern North America since its initial introduction in the late 1800s. In laboratory tests, the Eurasian moth Hypena opulenta has shown great promise as a potential control agent for V. rossicum.2. We were interested in the defoliating ability of H. opulenta and its subsequent effect on the seed production of V. rossicum under field conditions. To examine this, we established a field site near Kirkfield, Ontario, that consisted of meadow and forest understory plots, both of which were highly invaded by V. rossicum.3. We report highly significant feeding by H. opulenta in both light conditions. Unexpectedly, we observed a significant increase in seed production following folivory in shade conditions. We observed no significant effect of larval folivory on seed production under sun conditions, where V. rossicum seed production is greater by a factor of 10 as compared to shade conditions.4. It is unclear how continuous exposure to folivory by H. opulenta will affect mature V. rossicum stands, although it might be expected that such populations would invest in defenses to herbivory, possibly at the expense of reproductive output. In order to better understand if V. rossicum populations in either light condition could exhibit longer‐term compensatory growth in response to folivory, further experimental work is needed that examines inter‐annual variability in V. rossicum reproduction at variable H. opulenta densities.
Widespread tissue hypoxia dysregulates cell and metabolic pathways in SMA
Authors: Hernandez‐Gerez Elena , Dall’Angelo Sergio , Collinson Jon M. , Fleming Ian N. , Parson Simon H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to determine the extent and role of systemic hypoxia in the pathogenesis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).MethodsHypoxia was assayed in vivo in early‐symptomatic (postnatal day 5) SMA‐model mice by pimonidazole and [18F]‐Fluoroazomycin arabinoside injections, which accumulate in hypoxic cells, followed by immunohistochemistry and tracer biodistribution evaluation. Glucose uptake in hypoxic cells was assayed by [18F]‐Fluorodeoxyglucose labeling. In vitro knockdown of Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) was performed on motor neurons and lactate metabolism measured biochemically, whereas cell cycle progression and cell death were assayed by flow cytometry.ResultsAll assays found significant levels of hypoxia in multiple organ systems in early symptomatic SMA mouse pups, except aerated tissues such as skin and lungs. This was accompanied by significantly increased glucose uptake in many affected organs, consistent with a metabolic hypoxia response. SMN protein levels were shown to vary widely between motor neuron precursors in vitro, and those with lower levels were most susceptible to cell death. In addition, SMA‐model motor neurons were particularly sensitive to hypoxia, with reduced ability to transport lactate out of the cell in hypoxic culture, and a failure in normal cell cycle progression.InterpretationNot only is there widespread tissue hypoxia and multi‐organ cellular hypoxic response in SMA model mice, but SMA‐model motor neurons are especially susceptible to that hypoxia. The data support the hypothesis that vascular defects leading to hypoxia are a significant contributor to disease progression in SMA, and offer a route for combinatorial, non‐SMN related therapy.
Emerging Low‐Dimensional Nanoagents for Bio‐Microimaging
Authors: Lin Hongxin , Yang Lijiao , Zhang Xuan , Liu Guoming , Zhuo Shuangmu , Chen Jianxin , Song Jibin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNanomaterials with unique physical and biological properties have attracted increased attention for bio‐microimaging applications. Among them, low‐dimensional nanomaterials have quantum confinement effect in zero, one, or two dimensions, which have high specific surface area for cargo (such as dye) loading, anisotropic optical properties for polarization, and enhanced infrared absorption for efficient photoluminescence. In this review, recent efforts on bio‐microimaging of low‐dimensional nanomaterials, including confocal imaging, multiphoton imaging, Raman imaging, and super‐resolution imaging, will be highlighted. Bio‐microimaging principle, respective advantages and bottlenecks, and applications of low‐dimensional materials in various imaging technologies will be discussed. Furthermore, the review will shed light on the common synthetic methods of low‐dimensional nanomaterials. Finally, the classification and comparison of various nanomaterials, including carbon, black phosphorus, gold, metal composites, and 2D graphene analogues will also be elaborated.
Electrically Conductive Hydrogel Nerve Guidance Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Park Junggeon , Jeon Jin , Kim Byongyeon , Lee Min Suk , Park Sihyeon , Lim Juhan , Yi Jongdarm , Lee Hwangjae , Yang Hee Seok , Lee Jae Young 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPeripheral nerve injuries are serious conditions, and surgical treatment has critical limitations. Therefore, nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are proposed as an alternative. In this study, multifunctional NGCs are fabricated for the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves. Graphene oxide (GO) and gelatin‐methacrylate (GelMA) are polymerized and chemically reduced to form reduced (GO/GelMA) (r(GO/GelMA)). The prepared materials present good electrical conductivity, flexibility, mechanical stability, and permeability, which are suitable for use as NGCs. In vitro studies show 2.1‐ and 1.4‐fold promotion of neuritogenesis of PC12 neuronal cells on r(GO/GelMA) compared to GelMA and unreduced GO/GelMA, respectively. Animal studies using a rat sciatic nerve injury model with a 10 mm gap between the proximal and distal regions of the defect reveal that r(GO/GelMA) NGCs significantly enhance peripheral nerve regeneration, indicated by improved muscle weight increase, electro‐conduction velocity, and sciatic nerve function index. Specifically, r(GO/GelMA) NGCs are utilized to potentiate regrowth with myelination in rat sciatic nerves followed by histological, immunohistological, and morphometrical analyses. This study successfully shows the feasibility of electrically conductive hydrogel NGCs as functional conduits for improved nerve regeneration in a preclinical study, where these NGCs can not only mimic nerve tissues but also strongly promote nerve regeneration.
Engineering Nanoparticles toward the Modulation of Emerging Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Shuren , Sun Zhaoli , Hou Yanglong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCancer immunotherapy is a new therapeutic strategy to fight cancer by activating the patients’ own immune system. At present, immunotherapy approaches such as cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), adoptive cell transfer (ACT), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) therapy, and cytokines therapy have therapeutic potential in preclinical and clinical applications. However, the intrinsic limitations of conventional immunotherapy are difficulty of precise dosage control, insufficient enrichment in tumor tissues, partial immune response silencing or hyperactivity, and high cost. Engineering nanoparticles (NPs) have been emerging as a promising multifunctional platform to enhance conventional immunotherapy due to their intrinsic immunogenicity, convenient delivery function, controlled surface chemistry activity, multifunctional modifying potential, and intelligent targeting. This review presents the recent progress reflected by engineering NPs, including the diversified selection of functionalized NPs, the superiority of engineering NPs for enhancing conventional immunotherapy, and NP‐mediated multiscale strategies for synergistic therapy consisting of compositions and their mechanism. Finally, the perspective on multifunctional NP‐based cancer immunotherapy for boosting immunomodulation is discussed, which reveals the expanding landscape of engineering NPs in clinical translation.