bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen‐Doped Hollow Carbon Polyhedrons with Carbon Nanotubes Surface Layers as Effective Sulfur Hosts for High‐Rate, Long‐Lifespan Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Fan Bin , Zhao Dengke , Zhou Wei , Xu Wei , Liang Xinghua , He Guoqiang , Wu Zexing , Li Ligui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEffectively confining lithium polysulfides inside porous material matrix with a high electrical conductivity represents a judicious way to extend lifespan and enhance rate performance of lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. Herein, nitrogen‐doped hollow carbon polyhedrons with a thin CNTs conductive surface layer (CNTs/HNC) were prepared by directly pyrolyzing the CNTs coated ZIF‐8 polyhedrons crystallite precursors, and subsequently served as sulfur hosts in Li‐S batteries. The resulted product CNTs/HNC‐800 comprises a nitrogen content of 4.94 at.% as well as a high electrical conductivity of 8.43×10−1 S cm−1, which help to effectively adsorb/confine lithium polysulfides and substantially improve the rate capacity of Li‐S batteries. With a sulfur loading of 1.60 mg cm−2, the S@CNTs/HNC based cathode shows a discharge capacity of 870.7 mAh g−1 at 1.0 C, and can maintain 76.4 % of its initial capacity after 500 charge‐discharge cycles, corresponding to a capacity fade rate of only 0.047 % per cycle. While with a higher sulfur loading of 2.46 mg cm−2, a discharge capacity of 649.7 mAh g−1 can be achieved at 0.5 C, along with a capacity fade rate of merely 0.044 % per cycle during 200 cycles. When sulfur loading is further increased to 5.39 mg cm−2, it can also maintain a considerable initial discharge capacity of 812 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. This work enriches the ways to prepare complicate nano structured sulfur hosts for long‐life and high‐rate Li‐S batteries.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Europium Complexes that Switch on Luminescence in Lysosomes of Living Cells
Authors: Starck Matthieu , Fradgley Jack D. , Pal Robert , Zwier Jurriaan M. , Lamarque Laurent , Parker David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA set of four luminescent EuIIIcomplexes bearing an extended aryl‐alkynylpyridine chromophore has been studied, showing very different pH‐dependent behaviour in their absorption and emission spectral response. For two complexes with pKavalues of 6.45 and 6.20 in protein‐containing solution, the emission lifetime increases very significantly following protonation. By varying the gate time during signal acquisition, the ‘switch‐on’ intensity ratio could be optimised, and enhancement factors of between 250 to 1330 were measured between pH 8 and 4. The best‐behaved probe showed no significant emission dependence on the concentration of endogenous cations, reductants, and serum albumin. It was examined in live‐cell imaging studies to monitor time‐dependent lysosomal acidification, for which the increase in observed image brightness due to acidification was a factor of 50 in NIH‐3T3 cells.
How to Build Prussian Blue Based Water Oxidation Catalytic Assemblies: Common Trends and Strategies
Authors: Ulusoy Ghobadi T. Gamze , Ozbay Ekmel , Karadas Ferdi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrussian blue (PB) and its analogues (PBAs) have at least a three‐century‐long history in coordination chemistry. Recently, cobalt‐based PBAs have been acknowledged as efficient and robust water oxidation catalysts. Given the flexibility in their synthesis, the structure and morphology of cobalt‐based PBAs have been modified for enhanced catalytic activity under electrochemical (EC), photocatalytic (PC), and photoelectrochemical (PEC) conditions. Here, in this review, the work on cobalt‐based PBAs is presented in four sections: i) electrocatalytic water oxidation with bare PBAs, ii) photocatalytic processes in the presence of a photosensitizer (PS), iii) photoelectrochemical water oxidation by coupling PBAs to proper semiconductors (SCs), and iv) the utilization of PBA‐PS assemblies coated on SCs for the dye‐sensitized photoelectrochemical water oxidation. This review will guide readers through the structure and catalytic activity relationship in cobalt‐based PBAs by describing the role of each structural component. Furthermore, this review aims to provide insight into common strategies to enhance the catalytic activity of PBAs.
In Situ Labeling and Distance Measurements of Membrane Proteins in E. coli Using Finland and OX063 Trityl Labels
Authors: Ketter Sophie , Gopinath Aathira , Rogozhnikova Olga , Trukhin Dmitrii , Tormyshev Victor M. , Bagryanskaya Elena G. , Joseph Benesh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn situ investigation of membrane proteins is a challenging task. Previously we demonstrated that nitroxide labels combined with pulsed ESR spectroscopy is a promising tool for this purpose. However, the nitroxide labels suffer from poor stability, high background labeling, and low sensitivity. Here we show that Finland (FTAM) and OX063 based labels enable labeling of the cobalamin transporter BtuB and BamA, the central component of the β‐barrel assembly machinery (BAM) complex, in E coli. Compared to the methanethiosulfonate spin label (MTSL), trityl labels eliminated the background signals and enabled specific in situ labeling of the proteins with high efficiency. The OX063 labels show a long phase memory time (TM) of ≈5 μs. All the trityls enabled distance measurements between BtuB and an orthogonally labeled substrate with high selectivity and sensitivity down to a few μm concentration. Our data corroborate the BtuB and BamA conformations in the cellular environment of E. coli.
Potential Applications of Cucurbit[n]urils and Their Derivatives in the Capture of Hazardous Chemicals
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐Du , Chen Kai , Sun Wei‐Yin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s) are a relatively young family of macrocycles, consisting of glycoluril units bridged by methylene groups, and their unique structures have attracted extensive attention from chemists in recent decades. Due to the presence of a rigid hydrophobic inner cavity and two polar outer portals lined with carbonyl groups, Q[n]s not only encapsulate guest species into the cavity, but also coordinate with metal ions/clusters. Considerable achievements have been obtained in the fields of Q[n]s‐based host–guest chemistry, coordination chemistry, as well as the combination of host–guest and coordination chemistry. Furthermore, the outer surface of Q[n]s has been demonstrated to be capable of interacting with definite species to generate supramolecular architectures in recent years. With more in‐depth research into Q[n]s, their application studies have also emerged as a hot topic. This Minireview focuses on recent advances in the potential applications of solid‐state materials based on Q[n]s and their derivatives for the capture and adsorption of hazardous chemicals from a solution or a gas mixture.
Metallocene QACs: The Incorporation of Ferrocene Moieties into monoQAC and bisQAC Structures
Authors: Sommers Kyle J. , Bentley Brian S. , Carden Robert G. , Post Savannah J. , Allen Ryan A. , Kontos Renee C. , Black Jacob W. , Wuest William M. , Minbiole Kevin P. C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInspired by the incorporation of metallocene functionalities into a variety of bioactive structures, particularly antimicrobial peptides, we endeavored to broaden the structural variety of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) by the incorporation of the ferrocene moiety. Accordingly, 23 ferrocene‐containing mono‐ and bisQACs were prepared in high yields and tested for activity against a variety of bacteria, including Gram‐negative strains and a panel of clinically isolated MRSA strains. Ferrocene QACs were shown to be effective antiseptics with some displaying single‐digit micromolar activity against all bacteria tested, demonstrating yet another step in the expansion of structural variety of antiseptic QACs.
Discovery of Electrophiles and Profiling of Enzyme Cofactors
Authors: Dettling Suzanne E. , Ahmadi Mina , Lin Zongtao , He Lin , Matthews Megan L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractReverse‐polarity activity‐based protein profiling (RP‐ABPP) is a chemical proteomics approach that uses nucleophilic probes amenable to “click” chemistry deployed into living cells in culture to capture, immunoprecipitate, and identify protein‐bound electrophiles. RP‐ABPP is used to characterize the structure and function of reactive electrophilic post‐translational modifications (PTMs) and the proteins harboring them, which may uncover unknown or novel functions. RP‐ABPP has demonstrated utility as a versatile method to monitor the metabolic regulation of electrophilic cofactors, using a pyruvoyl cofactor in S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine decarboxylase (AMD1), and to discover novel types of electrophilic modifications on proteins in human cells, such as the glyoxylyl modification on secernin‐3 (SCRN3). These cofactors cannot be predicted by sequence, and therefore this area is relatively undeveloped. RP‐ABPP is the only global, unbiased approach to discover such electrophiles. Here, we describe the utility of these experiments and provide a detailed protocol for de novo discovery, quantitation, and global profiling of electrophilic functionality of proteins. © 2020 The Authors.Basic Protocol 1: Identification and quantification of probe‐reactive proteinsBasic Protocol 2: Characterization of the site of probe labelingBasic Protocol 3: Determination and quantitation of electrophile structure
Characterization and identification of annual wildCicerspecies for seed protein and mineral concentrations for chickpea improvement
Authors: Sharma Shivali , Lavale Shivaji Ajinath , Nimje Chetna , Singh Sube 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDeveloping nutrient‐rich crop cultivars is the most economic strategy to combat malnutrition resulting from protein and mineral deficiencies. Chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.) is an important staple grain legume source of good quality dietary protein around the world, particularly in southern Asia, northern Africa, and the Middle East. In the present investigation, the genetic variability for protein and mineral concentrations was studied in 41 accessions of cultivated chickpea and eight annual wildCicerspecies of primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pool. Large variability was observed between and withinCicerspecies for seed protein, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ca, and Mg concentration with high heritability.C. chorassanicum(Bunge) Popov was found to be the most promising species for high seed protein and Ca;C. judaicumBoiss. for high seed Fe, Cu. and Mg;C. yamashiataeKitam. for high seed Zn and Fe; andC. pinnatifidumJaub. & Spach for high seed Mn concentrations. All the wildCiceraccessions except ICC20190 (C. echinospermumP. H. Davis) had high concentration of at least one or more seed nutrients. WildCiceraccessions such as ICC17141 (C. chorassanicum), ICC17269 and ICC17303 (bothC. pinnatifidum), ICC17261 and ICC17262 (C. reticulatum), ICC20236 (C. chorassanicum), and ICC17117 and ICC17281 (C. yamashitae) were found promising for multiple seed nutrients. AsC. reticulatumLadiz. andC. echinospremumaccessions are crossable with cultivated chickpea, promisingC. reticulatumaccessions identified in the present study can be used in crossing program for developing new nutrient‐rich chickpea cultivars.
Cytosolic DNA‐STING‐NLRP3 axis is involved in murine acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Ning Li , Wei Wang , Wenyang Jiang , Rui Xiong , Qing Geng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe role of NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)‐mediated pyroptosis in acute lung injury (ALI) has been well identified previously. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an indispensable adaptor protein, which could regulate inflammation and pyroptosis during infection; however, its role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ALI remains obscure. This study aimed to explore whether STING participated in the development of LPS‐induced ALI as well as the underlying mechanism. We confirmed that LPS significantly enhanced the expression and phosphorylation of STING in lung tissue and primary macrophages from mice. STING deficiency relieved inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS‐treated murine lungs and macrophages. Meanwhile, STING deficiency also abolished the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis; however, NLRP3 overexpression by adenovirus offset the beneficial effects of STING deficiency in macrophages treated with LPS. Additionally, the level of mitochondrial DNA (mt‐DNA) significantly increased in macrophages after LPS treatment. Intriguingly, although exogenous mt‐DNA stimulation did not influence the level of STING, it could still trigger the phosphorylation of STING as well as pyroptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress of macrophages. And the adverse effects induced by mt‐DNA could be offset after STING was knocked out. Furthermore, the inhibition of the sensory receptor of cytosolic DNA (cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase, cGAS) also blocked the activation of STING and NLRP3 inflammasome, meanwhile, it alleviated ALI without affecting the expression of STING after LPS challenge. Furthermore, cGAS inhibition also blocked the production of cGAMP induced by LPS, indicating that mt‐DNA and cGAS could activate STING‐NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis independent of the expression of STING. Finally, we found that LPS upregulated the expression of transcription factor c‐Myc, which subsequently enhanced the activity of STING promoter and promoted its expression without affecting its phosphorylation. Collectively, our study disclosed that LPS could activate STING in a cytosolic DNA‐dependent manner and upregulate the expression of STING in a c‐Myc‐dependent manner, which cooperatively contribute to ALI.
Solutions for Shared Resource Lab Remote Quality Control and Instrument Troubleshooting during a Pandemic
Authors: Gravano David M. , Chakraborty Uttara , Pesce Isabella , Thomson Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has dramatically affected shared resource lab (SRL) staff in‐person availability at institutions globally. This article discusses the challenges of ensuring reliable instrument performance and quality data output while facility staff and external service provider on‐site presence is severely limited. Solutions revolve around the adoption of remote monitoring and troubleshooting platforms, provision of self‐service troubleshooting resources specific to facility instruments and workflows, development of an assistance contact policy, and ensuring efficiency of limited in‐person staff time. These solutions employ software and hardware tools that are already in use or readily available in the SRL community, such as remote instrument access tools, video hosting and conferencing platforms, and ISAC shared resources. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Bestimmung der Druckfestigkeit von vorhandenem Mauerwerk
Authors: Gigla Birger 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDie charakteristische Druckfestigkeit von Mauerwerk ist abhängig von der Druckfestigkeit von Mauersteinen und ‐mörtel sowie von den Verbundeigenschaften der Lagerfugen. Bei vorhandenem Mauerwerk ist aus denkmalpflegerischen oder wirtschaftlichen Gründen nur eine begrenzte Probenentnahme möglich. Eine besondere Schwierigkeit liegt in der nachträglichen Bestimmung der Mörteldruckfestigkeit und der Verbundeigenschaften. Daher wird die Mauerwerkdruckfestigkeit durch Bohrkernproben ermittelt, die sowohl Stein‐ als auch Fugenanteile enthalten. Das hier vorgestellte Berger‐Verfahren wird bereits seit den 1990er Jahren angewendet und beruht auf dem Vergleich der Spaltzugfestigkeiten eines Fugenbohrkerns und der Mauersteine. Der vorliegende Bericht ist die überarbeitete deutsche Fassung einer Veröffentlichung auf der internationalen Konferenz 17th IB2MaC, 2020 (http://17ibmac.com) und ein Beitrag zur aktuellen Diskussion über empfehlenswerte Verfahren zur nachträglichen Ermittlung der Mauerwerkdruckfestigkeit.
Ausfachungen aus Ziegelmauerwerk in Stahlbetonrahmentragwerken unter Erdbebenbeanspruchung
Authors: Marinković Marko , Butenweg Christoph 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStahlbetonrahmentragwerke mit Ausfachungen aus Mauerwerk weisen nach Erdbeben häufig schwere Schäden auf. Gründe hierfür sind die Beanspruchungen der Ausfachungswände durch die aufgezwungenen Rahmenverformungen in Wandebene und die gleichzeitig auftretenden Trägheitskräfte senkrecht zur Wandebene in Kombination mit der konstruktiven Ausführung des Ausfachungsmauerwerks. Die Ausfachung wird in der Regel knirsch gegen die Rahmenstützen gemauert, wobei der Verschluss der oberen Fuge mit Mörtel oder Montageschaum erfolgt. Dadurch kommt es im Erdbebenfall zu lokalen Interaktionen zwischen Ausfachung und Rahmen, die in der Folge zu einem Versagen einzelner Ausfachungswände oder zu einem sukzessiven Versagen des Gesamtgebäudes führen können. Die beobachteten Schäden waren die Motivation dafür, in dem europäischen Forschungsprojekt INSYSME für Stahlbetonrahmentragwerke mit Ausfachungen aus hochwärmedämmenden Ziegelmauerwerk innovative Lösungen zur Verbesserung des seismischen Verhaltens zu entwickeln. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die im Rahmen des Projekts von den deutschen Projektpartnern (Universität Kassel, SDA‐engineering GmbH) entwickelten Lösungen vor und vergleicht deren seismisches Verhalten mit der traditionellen Ausführung der Ausfachungswände. Grundlage für den Vergleich sind statisch‐zyklische Wandversuche und Simulationen auf Wandebene. Aus den Ergebnissen werden Empfehlungen für die erdbebensichere Auslegung von Stahlbetonrahmentragwerken mit Ausfachungen aus Ziegelmauerwerk abgeleitet.
Adenoviral cytopathic changes in pleural fluid: A unique cytological presentation mimicking malignancy
Authors: Harbhajanka Aparna , Michael Claire W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdenoviruses are emerging as important viral pathogens in immunocompromised patients due to immunodeficiency diseases and recently hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients, impacting morbidity and even mortality. Immunocompromised children are prone to respiratory infection, due to alterations in their immune system. When confronted with diseases involving the pleural effusions, such as viral infections, the diagnostic problem becomes more complex and special effort is needed to recognize and characterize them accurately and to differentiate them from other pathologies such as malignancies. However, cytology of adenoviral infection in pleural effusions has not been reported before. We report a case of an adenovirus infection of the pleural effusion which included lymphocytosis associated with background atypical cells showing a cytopathic effect (cytoplasmic viral particles). The differential diagnosis included lymphoma and infections. Immunohistochemical stain for adenovirus was positive and confirmed by molecular studies. Usually in viral infections there are cytopathic changes due to viral particles affecting epithelial cells but this case is unique as the viral particles were identified in macrophages. We discuss the significance of such infection in comparison with other viral changes indigenous to the pleural effusions, which could also occur in such specimens.
Accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology in the preoperative diagnosis of malignant non‐odontogenic tumors of the orofacial region
Authors: Okoh Dickson Sopuru , Omoregie Felix Osawe , Ojo Mike Akin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to determine the association between preoperative cytopathological diagnosis and the histopathological diagnosis of orofacial non‐odontogenic tumors. It is also, to determine the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the preoperative diagnosis of orofacial malignant non‐odontogenic tumors in a Nigerian population.MethodsA 9‐month prospective study in which preoperative FNAC followed by open biopsy for confirmatory histopathological evaluation was performed for consenting patients with orofacial swellings. Patients histopathologically diagnosed as non‐odontogenic tumors were selected for the study.ResultsThere were 40 (83.3%) histopathologically diagnosed non‐odontogenic tumors. The female to male ratio was 1.7:1 and the patients' mean age was 36 + 21.9 years. The mandible (n = 4, 10.0%) and the preauricular area (n = 4, 10.0%) were the most common sites affected. The cytopathological diagnosis showed 28 (70.0%) of the lesions were malignant, 7 (17.5%) were benign neoplasms and 5 (12.5%) were reactive/inflammatory swellings. The histopathological diagnosis was predominantly malignant (n = 29, 72.5%), consisting mostly of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 12, 30.0%). There was significant association (P = .000) between cytopathological diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis of the malignant orofacial non‐odontogenic tumors. The sensitivity of FNAC to detect malignant orofacial nonodontogenic tumors was 93.1%, the specificity was 90.9%, the positive predictive value was 96.4%, the negative predictive values was 83.3% and the accuracy was 92.5%.CONCLUSIONThe accuracy of FNAC in the diagnosis of orofacial malignant non‐odontogenic orofacial tumors is high and hence recommended as a routine preoperative diagnostic tool.
Characterization of contact properties at interface between metal and graphene up to 15 GHz
Authors: Kosuga Shohei , Suga Ryosuke , Watanabe Takeshi , Hashimoto Osamu , Koh Shinji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe contact properties between metal and monolayer chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene were investigated. Coplanar waveguides (CPWs) composed of CVD graphene‐based signal lines and Au‐based ground lines were fabricated. The S‐parameters of the CPWs were experimentally measured from 1 to 15 GHz. The contact properties were analyzed using a lumped component‐based equivalent circuit model, which consists of the experimentally determined parallel contact resistance and the parallel contact capacitance. The calculated S‐parameters of the model roughly agreed with the measured ones, which indicated that the model was suitable for analyzing the contact properties between metal and graphene up to 15 GHz. Because the impedance of the contact capacitance (4.8 × 10−3 Ω) was four orders of magnitude lower than that of the contact resistance (50 Ω) at 15 GHz, the current flow was more capacitive and efficient than that in the DC band. The ratio of power consumption and power storage in the microwave band to the total power consumption in the DC band decreased with increasing frequency and increasing contact capacitance. Therefore, higher contact capacitance is preferable in designing microwave devices with a metal/graphene‐based feeding structure, such as antennas and transmission lines.
Influence of number of catalyst sites in 1,3‐butadiene solution polymerizations catalyzed by titanium tetrachloride
Authors: Farias Francisco R. L. , Vasconcelos Mateus K. , Brandão Amanda L. T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe synthetic rubber industry is of great importance and it is present in the daily life of world society. Butadiene rubber or polybutadiene is one of the most used polymers in this field, mainly in tire production. Therefore, the control of operational conditions and final properties of the polymer formed are important points to be studied as they are a challenge for the industry. Thus, the present work focus in simulate the batch polymerization of polybutadiene using the Aspen Plus software, where 1,3‐butadiene, titanium tetrachloride, triethylaluminium, and hexane were used as monomer, catalyst, cocatalyst and solvent, respectively. Four cases were simulated changing the number of active catalyst sites in order to predict and compare the final properties of polybutadiene resins including the average molar masses, the molar mass distribution and the evolution of operation conditions that are used at plant to monitor the course of the reaction like the reaction temperature and pressure. The simulations show that three and four active catalyst sites are capable to synthesize polymers with similar properties than commercial and bench‐scale polybutadienes.