bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membrane Engineering: Phase Separation in Polymeric Giant Vesicles
Authors: Rideau Emeline , Wurm Frederik R. , Landfester Katharina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCell membranes exhibit elaborate lipidic patterning to carry out a myriad of functions such as signaling and trafficking. Domain formation in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) is thus of interest for understanding fundamental biological processes and to provide new prospects for biocompatible soft materials. Lipid rearrangements in lipidic GUVs and lipid/polymer GUVs are extensively studied whereas polymer/polymer hybrid GUVs remain evasive. Here, the focus is on the thermodynamically driven phase separation of amphiphilic polymers in GUVs. It is demonstrated that polymer phase separation is entropically dictated by hydrophobic block incompatibilities and that films topology can help to determine the outcome of polymeric phase separation in GUVs. Lastly, Janus‐GUVs are obtained and GUVs exhibit a single large domain by using a compatibilizing hydrophobic block copolymer.
Response characterization of highway bridge piers subjected to blast loading
Authors: Patel Kush , Goswami Abhiroop , Adhikary Satadru Das 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent attacks on a number of bridges demonstrate clear evidence of the vulnerability characterizing transportation systems to terrorist attacks. This vulnerability being further enhanced by the fact that the security measures implemented for the highway bridges are often not at par with those in place for the milestone bridges. This has necessitated studies to effectively characterize the response of highway bridge piers subjected to blast loads. The study, presented here, concentrates on investigating the effects of various parameters such as scaled distance, blast type, axial load ratio, and reinforcement detailing in assessing the response of reinforced concrete bridge piers that form the part of a two span highway bridge. The analysis of the bridge was carried out in accordance with IRC 6:2017. It was observed that at lower scaled distances, the burst type and the axial load ratio significantly affect the response of the pier. For a constant ALR value of 0.15, a 91.55% reduction in the peak displacement value was observed on increasing the scaled distance from 0.5 to 1 m/kg1/3. Furthermore, for the conventionally detailed piers, an increase in the ALR value at a scaled distance of 0.5 m/kg1/3 was observed to be characterized by catastrophic failure due to the buckling of the longitudinal rebar on account of crushing of the compression concrete. Seismic detailing was also found to significantly improve the response of the columns, scilicet the use of seismic detailing, was noted to significantly reduce the peak displacement (~ 40%).
Simplified procedures for seismic design verification and evaluation of lead rubber bearing base‐isolated buildings based on free‐vibration response
Authors: Lu Yang , Song Jin , Xiong Feng , Dai Kaoshan , Zhou Guangxin , Wei Mingyu , Zhang Shiming 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBase isolation has seen widespread application to buildings and infrastructures over the past four decades. However, there is a lack of methods for assessing the performance of a base‐isolated structure at the end of construction and during its service life. To this end, simplified methods are developed for verifying isolation design and evaluating seismic demands of rubber‐bearing‐supported base‐isolated buildings based on their free‐vibration response, which could be obtained using field (on‐site) testing. The base isolation layer consists of lead rubber bearings (LRBs) and linear natural rubber (LNR) bearings. For design verification purposes, analytical solutions are provided to benchmark the free‐vibration response of base‐isolated buildings, considering the general case of a multilinear hysteretic isolation response representing multiple LRBs with distinct mechanical specifications. In seismic demand evaluation, seismic capacity of an isolation system is estimated using free‐vibration response of various amplitudes that cover a range of expected seismic intensity of interest. Seismic demands are obtained when capacity coincides with an earthquake response spectrum at a compatible damping level. Procedures are developed for the potential use of snap‐back tests and verified using experimental and numerical data.
Training zur strukturierten Befundung von Radiographien des Thorax mit OSCE-Prüfung
Authors: Dettmer Sabine , Schneidewind Sabine , Fischer Volkhard , Derlin Katja , Schneider Nils , Wacker Frank , Afshar Kambiz 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die strukturierte Befundung von Radiographien des Thorax stellt eine wichtige radiologische Grundkompetenz dar und wird mit der Umsetzung des nationalen kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalogs Medizin (NKLM) in der studentischen Lehre gefordert.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel war die Evaluierung, inwieweit Studierende des 2. Studienjahres durch ein neues curriculares Training zur Befundung von Radiographien des Thorax mit anschließender „objective structured clinical examination“ (OSCE) an Sicherheit gewinnen und wie gut sie sich den Erwartungen der betreuenden ärztlichen Kollegen während der Famulatur gewachsen fühlen.

Methoden
Das Training umfasste 4 Vorlesungen und 10 kommentierte Lehrfilme zur Befundung konventioneller Radiographien. Die Studierenden wurden 2 Jahre später befragt, wie häufig und in welcher Form sie in Famulaturen Umgang mit Radiographien hatten und wie sicher sie sich im Umgang in verschiedenen Teilbereichen fühlten. Die Studierenden mit Training wurden zusätzlich gefragt, inwiefern Vorlesungen und Lehrvideos hilfreich waren. Die Ergebnisse der Studierenden des letzten Jahrgangs ohne und des ersten Jahrgangs mit Training und OSCE wurden mittels Mann-Whitney-U-Test für unabhängige Stichproben verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Die Häufigkeit des Umgangs mit Radiographien war bei Studierenden mit und ohne Training vergleichbar hoch. Die Studierenden mit Training und OSCE fühlten sich im weiteren Studium sicherer und besser vorbereitet als die Studierenden ohne Training (je nach Teilbereich p < 0,001 bis p = 0,148). Sie bewerteten die Lehrfilme als hilfreicher als die Vorlesungen (Mittelwert: 2,85 ± 0,76 vs. 3,41 ± 0,68).

Diskussion
Mit einem frühzeitigen Training kann die Sicherheit der Studierenden im Umgang mit Radiographien des Thorax nachhaltig gesteigert werden.
NMR and GC/MS analysis of industrial chloroparaffin mixtures
Authors: Sprengel Jannik , Vetter Walter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChlorinated paraffins (CPs) are high-volume chemicals used worldwide in various industries as plasticizers, lubricants, and flame retardants. CPs are produced by chlorination of alkane mixtures which leads to complex products of thousands of homologs and congeners. Classic mass spectrometric analyses of CPs allow determining carbon chain lengths and degrees of chlorination while information on the substitution patterns cannot be derived. Therefore, we performed different one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) experiments, elemental analysis (EA), and gas chromatography coupled with electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry (GC/ECNI-MS) for the analysis of ten technical CP products with 42%, 52%, and 70% chlorine content from four producers. Slight differences in chlorine content but varying chain length compositions were observed for similarly labeled products from different manufacturers. Two-dimensional heteronuclear spectral quantum coherence (HSQC) measurements helped to evaluate ten structural elements in the products and confirmed the presence of geminal chlorine atoms in primary and secondary carbons in products with 70% chlorine. The variation of signal groups increased with increasing chlorine content of the products. Two-dimensional heteronuclear multiple bond coherence (HMBC) analysis of one sample and GC/ECNI-MS measurements indicated the presence of impurities (e.g., C9-CPs, iso-alkanes) in different technical CP products. These methods could in future allow for better distinction of CP mixtures, and an improved trace-back of environmental CPs to the source, based on specific structural features. Additionally, further structural characterization could help in the development of more accurate analysis processes.
Dietary patterns are related to cognitive functioning in elderly enriched with individuals at increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wesselman L. M. P. , van Lent D. Melo , Schröder A. , van de Rest O. , Peters O. , Menne F. , Fuentes M. , Priller J. , Spruth E. J. , Altenstein S. , Schneider A. , Fließbach K. , Roeske S. , Wolfsgruber S. , Kleineidam L. , Spottke A. , Pross V. , Wiltfang J. , Vukovich R. , Schild A. K. , Düzel E. , Metzger C. D. , Glanz W. , Buerger K. , Janowitz D. , Perneczky R. , Tatò M. , Teipel S. , Kilimann I. , Laske C. , Buchmann M. , Ramirez A. , Sikkes S. A. M. , Jessen F. , van der Flier W. M. , Wagner M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns and cognitive functioning in elderly free of dementia.

Methods
Data of 389 participants from the German DELCODE study (52% female, 69 ± 6 years, mean Mini Mental State Score 29 ± 1) were included. The sample was enriched with elderly at increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by including participants with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and siblings of AD patients. Mediterranean and MIND diets were derived from 148 Food Frequency Questionnaire items, and data-driven patterns by principal component analysis (PCA) of 39 food groups. Associations between dietary patterns and five cognitive domain scores were analyzed with linear regression analyses adjusted for demographics (model 1), and additionally for energy intake, BMI, other lifestyle variables and APOe4-status (model 2). For PCA-derived dietary components, final model 3 included all other dietary components.

Results
In fully adjusted models, adherence to Mediterranean and MIND diet was associated with better memory. The ‘alcoholic beverages’ PCA component was positively associated with most cognitive domains. Exclusion of MCI subjects (n = 60) revealed that Mediterranean and MIND diet were also related to language functions; associations with the alcoholic beverages component were attenuated, but most remained significant.

Conclusion
In line with data from elderly population samples, Mediterranean and MIND diet and some data-derived dietary patterns were related to memory and language function. Longitudinal data are needed to draw conclusions on the putative effect of nutrition on the rate of cognitive decline, and on the potential of dietary interventions in groups at increased risk for AD.
Development and validation of a prediction tool for pain reduction in adult patients undergoing elective lumbar spinal fusion: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Janssen Esther R. C. , Punt Ilona M. , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Hoebink Eric A. , van Meeteren Nico L. U. , Willems Paul C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
On average, 56% of patients report a clinically relevant reduction in pain after lumbar spinal fusion (LSF). Preoperatively identifying which patient will benefit from LSF is paramount to improve clinical decision making, expectation management and treatment selection. Therefore, this multicentre study aimed to develop and validate a clinical prediction tool for a clinically relevant reduction in pain 1 to 2 years after elective LSF.

Methods
The outcomes were defined as a clinically relevant reduction in predominant (worst reported pain in back or legs) pain 1 to 2 years after LSF. Patient-reported outcome measures and patient characteristics from 202 patients were used to develop a prediction model by logistic regression. Data from 251 patients were used to validate the model.

Results
Nonsmokers (odds ratio = 0.41 [95% confidence interval = 0.19–0.87]), with lower Body Mass Index (0.93 [0.85–1.01]), shorter pain duration (0.49 [0.20–1.19]), lower American Society of Anaesthesiologists score (4.82 [1.35–17.25]), higher Visual Analogue Scale score for predominant pain (1.05 [1.02–1.08]), lower Oswestry Disability Index (0.96 [0.93–1.00]) and higher RAND-36 mental component score (1.03 [0.10–1.06]) preoperatively had a higher chance of a clinically relevant reduction in predominant pain. The area under the curve of the externally validated model yielded 0.68. A nomogram was developed to aid clinical decision making.

Conclusions
Using the developed nomogram surgeons can estimate the probability of achieving a clinically relevant pain reduction 1 to 2 years after LSF and consequently inform patients on expected outcomes when considering treatment.
HDR image reproduction based on visual achromatic response
Authors: Lee Geun-Young , Kwon Hyuk-Ju , Lee Sung-Hak 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHigh-dynamic range image reproduction using tone-mapping algorithms are used for image processing to reduce the dynamic range of a real scene to be displayed on low-dynamic range devices. General tone-mapping methods are associated with the determination of local parameters for tone compression and the halo artifact connected to detail enhancements. This paper proposes a lightness-preserved tone-mapping method and a halo-artifact reduction method based on the property of visual achromatic responses. For the reproduction of the visual perception of the real scene on displays, the sensitivity parameter of the sigmoidal transfer curves is optimized for the lightness-preserved tone mapping, and anti-halo image decomposition method is applied for the halo-artifact reduction. In results, it is confirmed that the proposed method improves the performance of the tone-mapping method effectively.
A comparative analysis of ceramic and cemented carbide end mills
Authors: Dröder Klaus , Karpuschewski Bernhard , Uhlmann Eckart , Arrabiyeh Peter A. , Berger Daniel , Busemann Sarah , Hartig Jörg , Madanchi Nadine , Mahlfeld Georg , Sommerfeld Christian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMilling of ferrous metals is usually performed by applying cemented carbide tools due to their high hardness, temperature and wear resistance. Recently, ceramic tool materials have been on the rise and enhanced the efficiency in machining. As ceramics are brittle-hard materials, tool manufacturing requires a sound knowledge in order to meet the tool requirements such as sharp cutting edges and wear resistance. In this study, milling tools made of the high performance ceramic SiAlON were compared to tools made from cemented carbide. For both tool materials, the influence of a prepared cutting edge was investigated. Both the tool manufacturing process and the cutting edge preparation processes are presented, followed by the application of those tools within milling experiments. In order to evaluate the efficiency of both tool types, the cutting forces and the cumulative process energy demand were analyzed. Additionally, surface roughness of the machined workpieces and tool wear were examined. It was found that the ceramic tools, although process forces were higher than for cemented carbide tools, exhibited by far lower energy consumption, less tool wear and finally generated lower surface roughness.
Changes in T-lymphocyte subsets and risk factors in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients with active tuberculosis
Authors: Li Kui , Ran Renyu , Jiang Zicheng , Fan Chuanqi , Li Tao , Yin Zhiguo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Immune function imbalance is closely associated with the occurrence and development of infectious diseases. We studied the characteristics of changes in T-lymphocyte subsets and their risk factors in HIV-negative patients with active tuberculosis (ATB).

Methods
T-lymphocyte subsets in 275 HIV-negative ATB patients were quantitatively analyzed and compared with an Mycobacteriumtuberculosis-free control group. Single-factor and multifactor analyses of clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients were also conducted.

Results
In ATB patients, CD4 and CD8 T-cell counts decreased, and the levels were positively interrelated (r = 0.655, P < 0.0001). After 4 weeks of antituberculosis treatment, CD4 and CD8 T-cell counts increased significantly but remained lower than in the control group. CD4 and CD8 cell counts were negatively associated with the extent of lesions detected in the chest by computed tomography (all P < 0.05). Although not reflected in the CD4/CD8 ratio, CD4 and CD8 cell counts differed between drug-resistant TB patients and drug-susceptible TB patients (P = 0.030). The multivariate analysis showed prealbumin, alpha-1 globulin, body mass index, and platelet count were independent risk factors for decreased CD4 cell count (all P < 0.05), while age and platelet count were independent risk factors for decreased CD8 cell count (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion
CD4 and CD8 T-cell counts showed the evident value in predicting ATB severity. An increase in the CD4/CD8 ratio may be a critical clue of drug resistance in ATB. Although the factors influencing CD4 and CD8 are not identical, our results indicated the importance of serum protein and platelets to ATB patients’ immune function.
The functional cooperation of 5-HT1A and mGlu4R in HEK-293 cell line
Authors: Burnat Grzegorz , Brański Piotr , Solich Joanna , Kolasa Magdalena , Chruścicka Barbara , Dziedzicka-Wasylewska Marta , Pilc Andrzej 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The serotonin 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4) have been implicated as sites of antipsychotic drug action. 5-HT1AR belongs to the A class of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs); mGlu4 is a representative of class C GPCRs. Both receptors preferentially couple with Gi protein to inhibit cAMP formation. The present work aimed to examine the possibility of mGlu4 and 5-HT1A receptor cross-talk, the phenomenon that could serve as a molecular basis of the interaction of these receptor ligands observed in behavioral studies.

Methods
First, in vitro studies were performed to examine the pharmacological modulation of interaction of the mGlu4 and 5-HT1A receptors in the T-REx 293 cell line using SNAP- or HALO–tag and cAMP accumulation assay. Next, the colocalization of these two receptors was examined in some regions of the mouse brain by applying RNAScope dual fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunohistochemical labeling, and proximity ligation assay (PLA).

Results
The ex vivo and in vitro results obtained in the present work suggest the existence of interactions between mGlu4 and 5-HT1A receptors. The changes were observed in cAMP accumulation assay and were dependent on expression and activation of mGlu4R in T-REx 293cell line. Moreover, the existence of spots with proximity expression of both receptors were showed by PLA, immunofluorescence labeling and RNAscope methods.

Conclusion
The existence of interactions between mGlu4 and 5-HT1A receptors may represent another signaling pathway involved in the development and treatment psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or depression.
Statistical stability of mostly expanding diffeomorphisms
Authors: Vásquez Carlos H. , Andersson Martin 
Published: May 2020

We study how physical measures vary with the underlying dynamics in the open class of

C^{r}

,

r > 1

, strong partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms for which the central Lyapunov exponents of every Gibbs

u

-state is positive. If transitive, such a diffeomorphism has a unique physical measure that persists and varies continuously with the dynamics.

A main ingredient in the proof is a new Pliss-like Lemma which, under the right circumstances, yields frequency of hyperbolic times close to one. Another novelty is the introduction of a new characterization of Gibbs

cu

-states. Both of these may be of independent interest.

The non-transitive case is also treated: here the number of physical measures varies upper semi-continuously with the diffeomorphism, and physical measures vary continuously whenever possible.

Résumé

Nous étudions comment les mesures physiques varient avec la dynamique sous-jacente, dans la classe ouverte des difféomorphismes

C^{r}

,

r > 1

, fortement partiellement hyperboliques pour lesquelles les exposants de Lyapunov centraux de tout

u

-état de Gibbs sont positifs. Lorsque transitifs, de tels difféomorphismes possédent une unique mesure physique qui persiste et varie continûment avec la dynamique.

Un des ingrédients principaux de la preuve est un nouveau lemme de type Pliss qui, appliqué dans le contexte adéquat, implique que la fréquence des temps hyperboliques est proche de un. Une autre nouveauté est l'introduction d'une nouvelle caractérisation des

cu

-états de Gibbs. Chacun de ses deux aspects ayant leur propre intérêt.

Le cas non transitif est aussi traité : dans ce contexte, le nombre de mesures physiques est une fonction semi-continue supérieure du difféomorphisme, et les mesures physiques varient continûment sous des hypothèses naturelles.
A 3600-year record of drought in southern Pacific Costa Rica
Authors: Taylor Zachary P. , Lane Chad S. , Horn Sally. P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe analyzed the δ2H composition ofn-alkanes isolated from Laguna Zoncho, a small lake in southern Pacific Costa Rica, to reconstruct paleohydrology. Using a core that spans the past 3600 years, we found evidence of dry periods, most notably during the Terminal Classic Drought (TCD; ~1200 cal yr BP) and the Little Ice Age (~400 cal yr BP). Previous work at Laguna Zoncho, using bulk sedimentary δ13C and geochemical analysis, found that agriculture began to decline during the TCD. Our δ2H records confirm the occurrence of arid conditions coincident with the TCD at Laguna Zoncho and show that, despite receiving more than 3000 mm of precipitation per year, this region is susceptible to multidecadal droughts.
Effect of theTc13Tul antigen fromTrypanosoma cruzion splenocytes fromnaïvemice
Authors: Tasso Laura Mónica , Bruballa Andrea Cecilia , Garavaglia Patricia Andrea , Esteva Mónica Inés , Albareda María Cecilia , García Gabriela Andrea 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTrypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, releases factors, including antigens from thetrans-sialidase (TS) superfamily, which modulate the host immune responses.Tc13 antigens belong to group IV of TSs and are characterized by C-terminal EPKSA repeats. Here, we studied the effect of theTc13 antigen from the Tulahuén strain,Tc13Tul, on primary cultures of splenocytes fromnaïveBALB/c mice. RecombinantTc13Tul increased the percentage of viable cells and induced B (CD19+) lymphocyte proliferation.Tc13Tul stimulation also induced secretion of non-specific IgM and interferon-γ(IFN-γ). The same effects were induced byTc13Tul on splenocytes fromnaïveC3H/HeJ mice.In vivoadministration ofTc13Tul tonaïveBALB/c mice increased non-specific IgG in sera. In addition,in vitrocultured splenocytes fromTc13Tul-inoculated mice secreted a higher basal level of non-specific IgM than controls and thein vitro Tc13Tul stimulation of these cells showed an enhanced effect on IgM and IFN-γsecretion. Our results indicate thatTc13Tul may participate in the early immunity inT. cruziinfection by favouring immune system evasion through B-cell activation and non-specific Ig secretion. In contrast, as IFN-γis an important factor involved inT. cruziresistance, this may be considered aTc13Tul effect in favour of the host.