bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors and outcomes of patients colonized with carbapenemase-producing and non–carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Kassem Amal , Raed Aman , Michael Tal , Sagi Orli , Shimoni Orly , Borer Abraham , Saidel-Odes Lisa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective:To compare risk factors and outcome of patients colonized with carbapenemase-producing (CP) carbapenem-resistant Enterobactereaceae (CRE) and non–CP-CRE.Design:A comparative historical study.Setting:A 1,000-bed tertiary-care university hospital.Patients:Adults with CP-CRE positive rectal swab cultures, non–CP-CRE positive rectal swab cultures, and negative rectal swab cultures (non-CRE).Methods:CP-CRE and non–CP-CRE colonized adult patients versus patients not colonized with CRE hospitalized during 24 months were included. We identified patients retrospectively through the microbiology laboratory, and we reviewed their files for demographics, underlying diseases, Charlson Index, treatment, and outcome.Results:This study included 447 patients for whom a rectal swab for CRE was obtained: 147 positive for CP-CRE, 147 positive for non–CP-CRE, and 147 negative for both. Patients with CP-CRE and non–CP-CRE versus no CRE more frequently resided in nursing homes (P<0.001), received antibiotics 3 months prior to admission (P < .001), and received glucocorticosteroids 3 months prior to admission (P = .047 and P < .001, respectively). Risk factors unique for non–CP-CRE versus CP-CRE colonization included mechanical ventilation and patient movement between hospital departments. Non–CP-CRE was a predictor for mechanical ventilation 2.5 that of CP-CRE colonization. In-hospital mortality was highest among non–CP-CRE–colonized patients. On COX multivariate regression for mortality prediction age, Charlson index and steroid treatment 3 months before admission influenced mortality (P = .027, P = .023, and P = .013, respectively).Conclusions:Overlapping and unique risk factors are associated with CP-CRE and non–CP-CRE colonization. Non–CP-CRE colonized patients had a higher in-hospital mortality rate.
Radiation Defects in Lime Mortars and Plasters Studied by EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: Kabacińska Zuzanna , Michalska Danuta , Dobosz Bernadeta 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTElectron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a well-established method of dating based on trapped charges, applied to various crystalline materials, including carbonates, bones, and teeth. It provides a detailed insight into the structure of radiation defects—paramagnetic centers generated by irradiation, without the need of a painstaking sample preparation, often challenging in other methods. Using EPR we studied the effect of γ radiation on lime mortars and plasters from ancient settlement Hippos in Israel, in order to analyze the process of defect generation. Analysis of the complex spectra revealed the presence of radiation-induced species, including CO2–, NO32– and organic radical. Using an artificial UV source, we generated relatively strong signals of paramagnetic centers, analogous to those created by γ irradiation, reaching their maximum intensity after 5–6 hr of UV exposure. Our results confirm the previous reports that radiation defects can also be generated, instead of bleached, in calcite by UV radiation, which is crucial for identifying the issues related to light exposition, affecting the accuracy of age determinations in trapped-charge dating methods.
An iodine balance study to explore the recommended nutrient intake of iodine in Chinese young adults
Authors: Yang Lichen , Wang Jun , Yang Jianjun , Zhang Huidi , Liu Xiaobing , Mao Deqian , Lu Jiaxi , Gu Yunyou , Li Xiuwei , Wang Haiyan , Xu Jing , Tan Hongxing , Zhang Hongmin , Yu Wei , Tao Xiujuan , Fan Yanna , Cai Qian , Liu Xiaoli , Yang Xiaoguang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractData on average iodine requirements for the Chinese population are limited following implementation of long-term universal salt iodisation. We explored the minimum iodine requirements of young adults in China using a balance experiment and the ‘iodine overflow’ hypothesis proposed by our team. Sixty healthy young adults were enrolled to consume a sequential experimental diet containing low, medium and high levels of iodine (about 20, 40 and 60 μg/d, respectively). Each dose was consumed for 4 d, and daily iodine intake, excretion and retention were assessed. All participants were in negative iodine balance throughout the study. Iodine intake, excretion and retention differed among the three iodine levels (P < 0·01 for all groups). The zero-iodine balance derived from a random effect model indicated a mean iodine intake of 102 μg/d, but poor correlation coefficients between observed and predicted iodine excretion (r 0·538 for μg/d data) and retention (r 0·304 for μg/d data). As iodine intake increased from medium to high, all of the increased iodine was excreted (‘overflow’) through urine and faeces by males, and 89·5 % was excreted by females. Although the high iodine level (63·4 μg/d) might be adequate in males, the corresponding level of 61·6 μg/d in females did not meet optimal requirements. Our findings indicate that a daily iodine intake of approximately half the current recommended nutrient intake (120 μg/d) may satisfy the minimum iodine requirements of young male adults in China, while a similar level is insufficient for females based on the ‘iodine overflow’ hypothesis.
Dimensions of Elite Partisan Polarization: Disentangling the Effects of Incivility and Issue Polarization
Authors: Skytte Rasmus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElite partisan polarization has been found to have several potentially problematic effects on citizens, such as creating political distrust and different types of polarization among partisans. However, it remains unclear whether these effects are caused by the parties moving apart in terms of issue positions (issue polarization) or by the rise of disrespectful rhetoric (incivility). In the literature, these two dimensions of elite polarization often appear to affect citizens in similar ways, but typical research designs have not been well suited to disentangling their effects. To determine their unique effects, four studies have been conducted using original designs and a mix of experimental and observational data. The results show that issue polarization and incivility have clearly distinct effects. A more uncivil tone lowers political trust, but increasing issue polarization does not. Conversely, only issue polarization creates attitude polarization among partisans. Both aspects of elite polarization create affective polarization.
A fossil dreamer of the genus Oneirodes (Lophiiformes: Ceratioidei) from the Miocene of Sakhalin Island, Russia
Authors: Nazarkin Mikhail V. , Pietsch Theodore W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe almost complete skeleton of a fossil dreamer, identified as Oneirodes sp., is described from the middle–upper Miocene Kurasi Formation of southern Sakhalin Island, Russia. This is the second fossil skeletal record of oneirodid anglerfishes following those described from the Puente Formation of California, USA. The new specimen possesses morphological features very similar to those of the recent and fossil members of its genus, and cannot be separated from them at the species level. This finding confirms the idea of the high level of speciation of this fish family prior to the middle–late Miocene and demonstrates the wide geographic distribution of the genus Oneirodes already at this time.
Ottoman Tax Registers as a Source for Labor Relations in Ottoman Bursa
Authors: Hofmeester Karin , Lucassen Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecently, Ottoman labor history and historiography has been moving beyond the “classical” labor history period of the nineteenth and twentieth century, shifting attention from mere wage work to other types of labor relations including unfree labor. Often focusing on one particular region, changes in work and labor relations are being followed over longer period of time. This article wants to contribute to this historiography by discussing tax registers as a possible source to reconstruct labor relations. It takes the province of Bursa, its towns and surrounding villages in the late fifteenth and sixteenth century as a case study to reconstruct labor relations, detect shifts over time and to try to explain these changes within the socio- and economic context of Bursa.
The Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minorities in Employment: Evidence from a Large-scale Survey of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex People in China
Authors: Suen Yiu Tung , Chan Randolph C. H. , Badgett M. V. Lee 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile China's Constitution says everyone is treated equally before the law, employment discrimination continues to exist. This paper breaks new ground by analysing a quantitative survey of more than 10,000 lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people, the largest dataset of its kind to date in China. Only 5.1 per cent of respondents were completely open about their gender and sexuality at work. More than one-fifth reported experiencing negative treatment in the workplace. Transgender and intersex people reported higher rates of negative treatment, as did respondents with lower educational levels and lower incomes and those residing in towns. Employer policies against discrimination were rare, but when in place, they were significantly associated with less negative treatment. These findings highlight an almost completely neglected segment of the workforce and document discriminatory experiences that could be addressed by changes in discrimination law and by employer policies and practices related to diversity and inclusion.
“Sleeper” Antiquities: Misattributions in Sales of Ancient Art
Authors: Marrone James , Beltrametti Silvia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:“Sleepers” are artworks or collectibles that are undervalued because one or more characteristics go unrecognized. This article discusses 12 sleepers that have been sold at auction on the antiquity market since 2007 whose attribution as antiquities were originally overlooked, either accidentally or deliberately. The objects are presented in the context of a theoretical framework describing both the legal and economic incentives to perform due diligence and to reveal, or “awaken,” a sleeper antiquity. The theory implies that sleepers may arise for several reasons, and the case studies are grouped accordingly. Most pressingly, the analysis identifies two ways in which sellers are disincentivized to be transparent about an object’s identity: when they can exploit legal loopholes to deliberately misattribute an antiquity and mediate export and when they can hide disagreement about an object’s authenticity to mediate its sale. Placing the case studies in the broader market context, we highlight particular areas that should be addressed by policy or regulatory reform. The analysis also has wider applications to other forms of art.
Deterministic counting of graph colourings using sequences of subgraphs
Authors: Efthymiou Charilaos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper we propose a polynomial-time deterministic algorithm for approximately counting the k-colourings of the random graph G(n, d/n), for constant d>0. In particular, our algorithm computes in polynomial time a
$(1\pm n^{-\Omega(1)})$
-approximation of the so-called ‘free energy’ of the k-colourings of G(n, d/n), for
$k\geq (1+\varepsilon) d$
with probability
$1-o(1)$
over the graph instances.Our algorithm uses spatial correlation decay to compute numerically estimates of marginals of the Gibbs distribution. Spatial correlation decay has been used in different counting schemes for deterministic counting. So far algorithms have exploited a certain kind of set-to-point correlation decay, e.g. the so-called Gibbs uniqueness. Here we deviate from this setting and exploit a point-to-point correlation decay. The spatial mixing requirement is that for a pair of vertices the correlation between their corresponding configurations becomes weaker with their distance.Furthermore, our approach generalizes in that it allows us to compute the Gibbs marginals for small sets of nearby vertices. Also, we establish a connection between the fluctuations of the number of colourings of G(n, d/n) and the fluctuations of the number of short cycles and edges in the graph.
Port-a-Cath fracture and migration in paediatric cancer patients: incidence and management at a tertiary care centre – a 15-year experience
Authors: Elgehiny Amr , Ghanem Khaled , Bou Hussein Haytham , Ahmed Mohamed , Abohelwa Mostafa , Aboelella Mohsen , Mohamed Mohamed , Bitar Fadi , Abboud Miguel , Akel Samir , Al-Kutoubi Aghiad , Fakhri Ghina , Arabi Mariam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Port-a-Cath or chemoport provides prolonged central venous access for cancer patients requiring prolonged chemotherapy. Prolonged use of chemoport is associated with many complications. Dislodgement and migration of chemoport catheter is a rare and reportable complication with potentially serious consequences.Methods:The medical charts of 1222 paediatric cancer patients admitted to the Children’s Cancer Center in Lebanon who had chemoports inserted for long-term chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. Descriptive analysis of data was conducted.Results:Chemoport fracture and migration were found in seven cases with an incidence of 0.57%. The duration of chemoport use before the event of dislodgement varied from 2 months to 102 months. Non-functioning chemoport was the most common presentation. Totally, six cases were managed successfully by loop snaring, three cases by paediatric cardiology team, and three cases by interventional radiology team. One case was managed surgically during chemoport removal.Conclusion:Fracture and migration of chemoport catheter is a rare complication of uncertain aetiology and with potentially serious consequences. Percutaneous retrieval, done by experienced cardiologist or interventional radiologist, is the first choice for management of this complication as it is considered as a safe and effective approach.
Rate response of select grass weeds to pinoxaden
Authors: Peppers John M. , Gonçalves Clebson G. , McElroy J. Scott 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPinoxaden is a POST acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor in the phenylpyrazolin chemical family and is labelled for turfgrass use at broadcast rates of 35.5 to 71 g ai ha−1and spot spray rates of 156 to 310 g ai ha−1. A greenhouse rate-response study was conducted to characterize the efficacy of pinoxaden against common grassy weeds. Weed species examined in this study were yellow foxtail, southern sandbur, annual bluegrass, roughstalk bluegrass, large crabgrass, dallisgrass, bahiagrass, goosegrass, and perennial ryegrass. Nonlinear regressions were modelled to determine visible injury rates (the application rate at which 50% of the weed species were injured and the 90% [I90] rate) and weight reduction rates (the application rate at which there was a 50% reduction in fresh weight and 90% reduction [WR90]) for each weed species. Only annual bluegrass, bahiagrass, and goosegrass had visible injury I90values greater than the maximum labelled spot spray rate of 310 g ai ha−1. Annual bluegrass, bahiagrass, southern sandbur, and goosegrass all had WR90values greater than the maximum labelled spot spray rate of 310 g ai ha−1. Results from this study indicate that the evaluated weed species can be ranked, according to visible injury I90values, from most to least susceptible: perennial ryegrass > yellow foxtail > dallisgrass > large crabgrass > southern sandbur > roughstalk bluegrass > bahiagrass > goosegrass > annual bluegrass.
Characteristics of Electron Content Between GPS and IRNSS Altitudes Studied Around the Northern Anomaly Crest Location Over Indian Longitude Sector
Authors: Paul K. S. , Paul A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOne of the newly launched satellite navigation systems is the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) operating at L5 and S band and providing position determining with an accuracy of 10 m over the Indian subcontinent and 1,500 km beyond. Collocation of this constellation, containing three geostationary and four geosynchronous satellites, with GPS over a common ionospheric volume at certain times of the day provides a unique opportunity to estimate the highly sparse electron content existing between the GPS and geostationary/synchronous orbital altitudes. These values of electron contents, though an order of magnitude less than the diurnal maximum of TEC, could account for significant proportion of postmidnight TEC around the northern crest of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly in the Indian longitude sector. Such measurements are of importance when efforts are being made to achieve subcentimeter level position accuracies. Data recorded using a tri‐band IRNSS receiver and dual‐frequency GPS receiver from Calcutta during April–June 2019 have been analyzed to calculate electron contents along a specific look angle containing GPS as well as IRNSS satellite at different times of the day. Diurnal maximum values of 4–5 TECU are noted for electron contents bound within the altitudes of GPS and IRNSS. Spatial distribution of such electron content shows diurnal maximum around 14:00–15:00 LT over subionospheric swath of 20–22°N with 80–82.5°E and 87–90°E.
Seismic Tomographic Imaging of the Eastern Mediterranean Mantle: Implications for Terminal‐Stage Subduction, the Uplift of Anatolia, and the Development of the North Anatolian Fault
Authors: Kounoudis R. , Bastow I. D. , Ogden C. S. , Goes S. , Jenkins J. , Grant B. , Braham C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Eastern Mediterranean captures the east‐west transition from active subduction of Earth's oldest oceanic lithosphere to continental collision, making it an ideal location to study terminal‐stage subduction. Asthenospheric‐ or subduction‐related processes are the main candidates for the region's ∼2 km uplift and Miocene volcanism; however, their relative importance is debated. To address these issues, we present new P and S wave relative arrival‐time tomographic models that reveal fast anomalies associated with an intact Aegean slab in the west, progressing to a fragmented, partially continental, Cyprean slab below central Anatolia. We resolve a gap between the Aegean and Cyprean slabs, and a horizontal tear in the Cyprean slab below the Central Anatolian Volcanic Province. Below eastern Anatolia, the completely detached “Bitlis” slab is characterized by fast wave speeds at ∼500 km depth. Assuming slab sinking rates mirror Arabia‐Anatolia convergence rates, the Bitlis slab's location indicates an Oligocene (∼26 Ma) break‐off. Results further reveal a strong velocity contrast across the North Anatolian Fault likely representing a 40–60 km decrease in lithospheric thickness from the Precambrian lithosphere north of the fault to a thinned Anatolian lithosphere in the south. Slow uppermost‐mantle wave speeds below active volcanoes in eastern Anatolia, and ratios of P to S wave relative traveltimes, indicate a thin lithosphere and melt contributions. Positive central and eastern Anatolian residual topography requires additional support from hot/buoyant asthenosphere to maintain the 1–2 km elevation in addition to an almost absent lithospheric mantle. Small‐scale fast velocity structures in the shallow mantle above the Bitlis slab may therefore be drips of Anatolian lithospheric mantle.
Variations of Stress Parameters in the Southern California Plate Boundary Around the South Central Transverse Ranges
Authors: Abolfathian Niloufar , Martínez‐Garzón Patricia , Ben‐Zion Yehuda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe examine the stress field in Southern California with a focus on the region near the South Central Transverse Ranges (SCTR), using a refined stress inversion methodology. We independently invert declustered and aftershocks focal mechanisms from the years 1981 to 2017. Comparisons between the stress field orientations and the stress ratios from these inversions provide information on local sources of the stress field. Regionally, the SHmax tends to be toward NNE and the stress ratios vary from transtensional stress regime near the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ), to strike‐slip faulting near the SCTR, and toward transpression near the Western Transverse Ranges. Detailed analysis of stress parameters near the SCTR indicates deviations from the regional strike‐slip faulting including the following: (1) The San Bernardino Mountain area shows SHmax direction toward NNW and transpressional stress components likely associated with the motions of the San Andreas Fault and ECSZ; (2) the Cajon Pass and San Gorgonio Pass show transpressional stress regime near the bottom of the seismogenic zone likely associated with the elevated topography; and (3) in Crafton Hills, rotation of the principal stress plunges and SHmax direction and transtensional stress regime below ~10 km, along with lower estimated apparent friction coefficient, suggest a weak fault possibly associated with deep creep. The performed multiscale analysis resolves effects of regional and local loadings. The average stress parameters in the analyzed 37 years do not show significant temporal variations of stress field near the SCTR region.
Fault Stability Across the Seismogenic Zone
Authors: Aubry J. , Passelègue F. X. , Escartín J. , Gasc J. , Deldicque D. , Schubnel A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcross the seismogenic zone, the transition from brittle to plastic deformation corresponds to a semibrittle regime where brittle fracturing and plastic flow coexist at high strength conditions. Thorough experimental investigations on brittle‐plastic transition are crucial to understand why natural faults behave in stable or unstable ways at varying crustal depths and why large earthquakes generally nucleate at the base of the seismogenic zone. To investigate semibrittle deformation in carbonates and the conditions promoting it, we reported here the results of experiments performed on Carrara marble saw cut faults in triaxial conditions. We studied the influence of the confining pressure (ranging between 45 and 180 MPa), axial loading rates (0.01 and 1 μm s−1) and initial fault roughness (smooth and rough) on fault (in‐)stability across the brittle‐plastic transition. We conclude that laboratory earthquakes may nucleate on inherited fault interfaces at brittle‐plastic transition conditions. The occurrence of laboratory earthquakes associated with increasing plastic deformation is promoted at high confining pressure, on smooth fault interfaces, or when the loading rate is slow. In a rather counterintuitive manner, increasing initial roughness promotes stable sliding and a larger amount of plastic deformation. Furthermore, we show that stable sliding tends to produce mirror‐like surfaces, while stick‐slips are associated with matte surfaces, on which the size of the asperities grows with increasing confining pressure. Finally, our results seem to reveal the influence of asperity hardness and melt viscosity on fault weakening.