bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pharmacotherapy of Blood Intoxication (Methmoglobinemia) Induce by Exposure to Ortho-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS) in Public Protests
Authors: Salman Muhi N. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Acquired Methemoglobinemia(MetHb) is a rare, but potentially serious and unfamiliarity with this complication may delay diagnosis and appropriate therapy.
Presentation: A case of methemoglobinemia occurring in male teenage demonstrator as a complication of re-current exposure to ortho-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS) in public protests , the patient became cyanotic with a decrease in his level of consciousness, by the effect of hydrogen cyanide as by-product of (CS), resulting in a toxic methemoglobinemia level in his blood. Methemoglobin is incapable of carrying oxygen and is formed when the ferrous iron in the heme molecule is oxidized to the ferric state. The diagnosis should be entertained when cyanosis, unresponsive to 100% oxygen therapy, appears suddenly, especially when exposure to an oxidant agent is established.
Treatment: The patient received a 1 mg/kg dose of methylene blue intravenously. A cooximetry done 1 hour later showed a methemoglobin level of 43%. A second 1 mg/kg dose of methylene blue was given and another hour later the methemoglobin level had dropped to 13%. The patient also showed clinical improvement with resolution of the cyanosis and return of his mental status to baseline.
Conclusion: Methylene blue is the specific antidote, but should be reserved for more severe cases or if co-morbid conditions make mild hypoxia un advisable.
An Empirical Time Series Econometric Study of the J-curve Effect of Exchange Rate in Trade Balance between China and the US
Authors: Wu Ming-Lu 
Published: August 2020

Background and Aims: With the tensed relationship between China and the US, investigating the trade relationship between the two big countries has received more attention than before. This paper is just towards that direction to empirically examine the relationship between China’s real effective exchange rate (REER) and trade balance with the US in both the long-run and short-run, which may exhibit the J-curve effect – currency depreciation deteriorates trade balance in the short-run but promotes trade balance in the long-run – in China’s international trade with the US.
Data and Methodology: Quarterly data on China’s REER, trade balance and gross domestic product (GDP, for income) and the US GDP from 2001 to 2017 are retrieved from relevant official websites for the current study. Unit-root test is first conducted on each modeling variable and its first difference to examine the stationarity of the variables. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach with error-correction modeling (ECM) cointegration is then adopted to test the popular hypothesis of J-curve effect using the available quarterly data.
Results and Conclusion: The modeling results reject the J-curve effect in the short-run but show a long-lasting positive effect of Chinese yuan’s depreciation in China’s trade balance with the US. Also, the US GDP has a positive and much stronger effect than Chinese GDP on China’s trade balance. As such, it is suggested that China should maintain a good relationship with the US and a stable exchange rate for long-run trade balance and economic growth at an appropriate level or rate.
SoFIA: From a Content-based to Competency-based Educational Paradigm
Authors: Koutsopoulos K. C. , Doukas Konstantinos 
Published: August 2020

This paper is an attempt to show that in the educational system of the 21st century, four conditions must be met for its successful present and future: an educational philosophy that can provide an operating pedagogical framework to address the issues of educational experience and the appropriate principles and values in teaching and learning; a path to excellence in order to create innovative practices in the teaching and learning environment within which all pedagogical operations can take place; a technology integration instrument with which the fundamental educational needs and their attendant changes can be attained; and a leading in action process, which can allow new concepts and ideas to be able to be realized. But most importantly these requirements force upon the education system the need to work within an educational paradigm which is a susceptible to such necessities.
This paper presents and describes such a paradigm, named SoFIA which seeks to satisfy the conditions mentioned above. It suggests an educational philosophy offering an operating pedagogical framework to address the issues of educational experience and the appropriate principles and values in teaching and learning. The SoFia paradigm defines a path to excellence by creating innovative practices in the teaching and learning environment within which all pedagogical operations can take place. It outlines, moreover, a technology integration instrument with which the fundamental educational needs and their attendant changes can be attained; and a leading in action process whereby new concepts and ideas can be transformed into reality.
Awareness on Concentration of Saccharides in Drugs among College Students - A Questionnaire Based Survey
Authors: Baskaran Snehaa , Priya V. Vishnu , Gayathri R. 
Published: August 2020

Sugar is used in medicine for coating, adding volume or texture, and flavouring the medicine. It can also act as a preservative and antioxidant. Sucrose is often used in medications to impart a more pleasant taste to often unpalatable chemicals. Sucrose can be found in many medicinal forms such as chewable tablets, syrups and lozenges. The aim of the study is to create awareness on concentration of sugar in medicines among college students. A survey was administered through survey planet link with sample size 100. The questionnaire consisted of 14 questions based on awareness on concentration of sugar. In the present study majority of the participants felt addition of sweeteners in syrups and tablets should be decreased. Adults and children who are administered to long term medicines are prone to caries and other health problems. Chronically ill children are exposed to a greater sugar load from oral medications than healthy children leading to a greater risk of developing caries as a side effect of the treatment. Awareness may be created on the concentration of sugar in medicines and its deleterious effect on health.
Effect of Oxygen Releasing Oral Gel Compared to Chlorhexidine Gel in the Treatment of Periodontitis
Authors: Niveda R. , Kaarthikeyan Gurumoorthy 
Published: August 2020

The aim of the current study is to compare the effect of oxygen releasing oral gel and chlorhexidine gel in the treatment of periodontitis and the objective was to assess and compare the changes in clinical parameters such as Probing pocket depth, Bleeding on probing, Clinical attachment levels between oxygen releasing oral gel and chlorhexidine gel.
The current pilot study which compares oxygen releasing gel with chlorhexidine gel is a randomised split mouth clinical trial .All the patients included in the study were patients with moderate to severe periodontitis with no systemic diseases, not under any medication non smoking healthy patients. All the patients received supra and sub gingival scaling, pockets on molars with deeper probing depth on either maxillary or mandibular arch and the medication to be received by the patient were allotted randomly. Randomisation was performed using lot method.Oxygen releasing (Blue M gel) and chlorhexidine gel (Hexigel) was applied at the chosen site, patient was recalled for re application and was reassessed for clinical parameters Paired t test was done to compare the mean difference in probing depth in Blue M gel group and Hexigel group.
The mean probing depth at the day of drug delivery was for Blue M gel group was 7.2 mm SD+/-0.42 mm and the mean probing depth six week after drug delivery was 4.7 SD+/- 0.57 mm with a significant p value of 0.42. The mean probing depth at the day of drug delivery was for Hexigel gel group was 7.0 mm SD+/-0.57 mm and the mean probing depth six week after drug delivery was 5.7 SD+/- 0.64 mm.
Within the limitations of the study from the results it is seen that there is a significant difference in reduction in probing pocket depth. The mean difference between the probing depth reduction in group A (Blue M ) from baseline to 6 week was 2.3 and The mean difference probing depth reduction in group B (Hexigel ) from baseline to 6 week was 1.5. Group A showed better potential in probing depth reduction. It emphasises the fact that thorough sub gingival scaling and root planing along with adjuvant topical oxygen therapy aid in reducing the periodontal pockets further research has to be done to assess the effect of oxygen delivering agents in future.
Assessment of Bacterial Micro Colonies Present in Tissue Samples Obtained Using Ozonated Water as an Irrigating Agent from Patients with Periodontitis
Authors: Rajeshwaran Niveda , Malaippan Sankari 
Published: August 2020

Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases that are constantly associated with microorganism, conventionally scaling and root planing followed by flap surgical procedure is done to treat chronic periodontitis condition, irrigating agents are used during both sub gingival scaling and root planing procedure and in flap surgical procedure. Saline and distilled water are the commonly used irrigants and they non specifically reduce the bacterial count, Ozonised water is also used as an irrigating agent. Though it’s effect on plaque is known to be effective its effect on tissues is still questionable. The study is conducted to assess the number bacterial micro colonies formed in gingival tissues after irrigating with ozonated water and comparing it with distilled water and saline water which are the commonly used irrigating agents.
The aim of the study is to assess the bacterial micro colonies formed in gingival tissues after irrigating with ozonated water and comparing it with distilled water and saline water which are the commonly used irrigating agents.
A randomized, split mouth study was performed. A total of 10 patients suffering from chronic generalised periodontitis were recruited into the study; 20 gingival tissue samples were obtained from the patients at the time of surgery. Both the patient and the clinician were blinded regarding the type of the irrigating agent used. The plaque samples were transferred into carrier medium and were cultured for 24 hours; 24 h after culture, the samples were collected and total colony forming units were calculated. On counting the number of colony forming units formed, it was found that the amount of colonies formed from the samples treated with ozone showed mixed results, wherein it showed both increase and decrease in colony counts.
Intracanal Analgesic Solutions to Control Interappointment Pain during Root Canal Treatment in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis - A Pilot Study
Authors: Pai Sneha , Nivedhitha M. S. 
Published: August 2020

Mefenamic acid is a Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drug belonging to anthranilic acid group while Aceclofenac is an acetic acid derivative. Aceclofenac is a non selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor while Mefenamic acid is a potent cyclooxygenase inhibitor with both central and peripheral actions. The use of Mefenamic acid and Aceclofenac has reduced due to their side effect of gastrointestinal irritation. The idea of this study is to use Mefenamic acid and Aceclofenac as intracanal agents to achieve localized action without having systemic side effects.
Patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with symptomatic apical periodontitis were identified and divided into three groups of 10 each. After cleaning and shaping of the root canals, 0.1ml of the analgesic solution was injected within the root canals. The pain was evaluated at the end of 6 hours. There was significant reduction in pain in patients who received intracanal Mefenamic acid followed by the group that received Aceclofenac.
This proves that intracanal administration of analgesics controls inter appointment pain during endodontic treatment and also prevents systemic side effects that are likely to occur due to oral use of the drugs.
Outbreaking forest insect drives phase synchrony among sympatric folivores: Exploring potential mechanisms
Authors: Liebhold Andrew M. , Björkman Christer , Roques Alain , Bjørnstad Ottar N. , Klapwijk Maartje J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe explore a common feature of insect population dynamics, interspecific synchrony, which refers to synchrony in population dynamics among sympatric populations of different species. Such synchrony can arise via several possible mechanisms, including shared environmental effects and shared trophic interactions, but distinguishing the relative importance among different mechanisms can be challenging. We analyze interannual time series of population densities of the larch budmoth,Zeiraphera griseana(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), along with six sympatric larch‐feeding folivores from a site in the European Alps 1952–1979. These species include five lepidopterans,Exapate duratella,Ptycholomoides aeriferana,Spilonota laricana,Epirrita autumnataandTeleiodes saltuum, and one hymenopteran sawflyPristiphora laricis. We document that the highly regular oscillatory behavior (period 9–10 years) ofZ.griseanapopulations is similarly evident in the dynamics of most of the sympatric folivores. We also find that all of the sympatric species are phase synchronized withZ.griseanapopulations with half of the sympatric species exhibiting nonlagged phase synchrony and three of the species exhibiting 2–5 year lags behindZ.griseanapopulations. We adapt a previously developed tritrophic model ofZ.griseanadynamics to explore possible mechanisms responsible for observed phase synchronization. Results suggest that either shared stochastic influences (e.g., weather) or shared parasitoid impacts are likely causes of nonlagged phase synchronization. The model further indicates that observed patterns of lagged phase synchronization are most likely caused by either shared delayed induced host plant defenses or direct density‐dependent effects shared withZ.griseana.
Hot Hydrocarbon‐Solvent Slot‐Die Coating Enables High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Temperature‐Dependent Aggregation Behavior
Authors: Zhao Heng , Naveed Hafiz Bilal , Lin Baojun , Zhou Xiaobo , Yuan Jian , Zhou Ke , Wu Hongbo , Guo Renjun , Scheel Manuel A. , Chumakov Andrei , Roth Stephan V. , Tang Zheng , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Ma Wei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) have made rapid progress in terms of their development as a sustainable energy source. However, record‐breaking devices have not shown compatibility with large‐scale production via solution processing in particular due to the use of halogenated environment‐threatening solvents. Here, slot‐die fabrication with processing involving hydrocarbon‐based solvents is used to realize highly efficient and environmentally friendly OSCs. Highly compatible slot‐die coating with roll‐to‐roll processing using halogenated (chlorobenzene (CB)) and hydrocarbon solvents (1,2,4‐trimethylbenzene (TMB) and ortho‐xylene (o‐XY)) is used to fabricate photoactive films. Controlled solution and substrate temperatures enable similar aggregation states in the solution and similar kinetics processes during film formation. The optimized blend film nanostructures for different solvents in the highly efficient PM6:Y6 blend is adopted to show a similar morphology, which results in device efficiencies of 15.2%, 15.4%, and 15.6% for CB, TMB, and o‐XY solvents. This approach is successfully extended to other donor–acceptor combinations to demonstrate the excellent universality of this method. The results combine a method to optimize the aggregation state and film formation kinetics with the fabrication of OSCs with environmentally friendly solvents by slot‐die coating, which is a critical finding for the future development of OSCs in terms of their scalable production and high‐performance.
Cellulose‐Based Fully Green Triboelectric Nanogenerators with Output Power Density of 300 W m−2
Authors: Zhang Renyun , Dahlström Christina , Zou Haiyang , Jonzon Julia , Hummelgård Magnus , Örtegren Jonas , Blomquist Nicklas , Yang Ya , Andersson Henrik , Olsen Martin , Norgren Magnus , Olin Håkan , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted increasing attention because of their excellent energy conversion efficiency, the diverse choice of materials, and their broad applications in energy harvesting devices and self‐powered sensors. New materials have been explored, including green materials, but their performances have not yet reached the level of that for fluoropolymers. Here, a high‐performance, fully green TENG (FG‐TENG) using cellulose‐based tribolayers is reported. It is shown that the FG‐TENG has an output power density of above 300 W m−2, which is a new record for green‐material‐based TENGs. The high performance of the FG‐TENG is due to the high positive charge density of the regenerated cellulose. The FG‐TENG is stable after more than 30 000 cycles of operations in humidity of 30%–84%. This work demonstrates that high‐performance TENGs can be made using natural green materials for a broad range of applications.
Ultrathin Conformal oCVD PEDOT Coatings on Carbon Electrodes Enable Improved Performance of Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Heydari Gharahcheshmeh Meysam , Wan Charles Tai‐Chieh , Ashraf Gandomi Yasser , Greco Katharine V. , Forner‐Cuenca Antoni , Chiang Yet‐Ming , Brushett Fikile R. , Gleason Karen K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSurface engineering of porous carbon electrodes is an effective strategy to enhance the power output of redox flow batteries (RFBs) and may enable new cost reduction pathways for energy storage. Here, a surface modification strategy that enhances the electrochemical performance of RFBs in iron‐based electrolytes is demonstrated. Nanometric films of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) are grown conformally onto carbon cloth electrodes using oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) and the impact of film properties on electrode performance in model iron‐based electrolytes is investigated. Depositing oCVD PEDOT films on the electrode surface is found to reduce ohmic, kinetic, and mass transport resistances, with the highest current densities and lowest resistances observed for electrodes coated with a ≈78 nm thick film. As compared to unmodified electrodes, coated electrodes enhance the maximum obtained current density at an applied overpotential of 350 mV by 6.7× and 3.7× in iron sulfate and iron chloride, respectively. The oCVD PEDOT film described here represents an initial step toward electrode surfaces of tailored activity, selectivity, and wettability for specific RFB chemistries and, more generally, electrochemical systems with liquid‐phase reactants.
Compacted Self‐Assembly Graphene with Hydrogen Plasma Surface Modification for Robust Artificial Electronic Synapses of Gadolinium Oxide Memristors
Authors: Chan Ya‐Ting , Fu Yi , Yu Lu , Wu Feng‐Yu , Wang Ho‐Wei , Lin Ting‐Han , Chan Shun‐Hsiang , Wu Ming‐Chung , Wang Jer‐Chyi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe rise of artificial intelligence and Internet of Things has led to an increase in the demand for a large amount of data computing in recent years. To fulfill the requirements of neuromorphic engineering, a promising system composed of artificial neurons and synapses has to be developed. Here, a cheap and mass‐productive compacted self‐assembly (CSA) graphene with hydrogen (H2) plasma surface modification is used as the bottom electrode (BE) of gadolinium oxide (GdxOy) memristors to emulate the robust synapses in neuromorphic systems. As the plasma treatment time increases, the increased resistance ratio and reduced operating voltages of GdxOy memristors are obtained, which can be attributed to the removal of functional groups on graphene flakes and the enhancement in the redox reaction of CSA graphene during the resistive switching. The GdxOy memristors with a 10 min H2 plasma surface modified CSA graphene BE present outstanding reliabilities of data retention for more than 104 s and cycling operation up to 150 times. Additionally, superior bionic characteristics with more adjustable synaptic weight and more harmonious spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP) behaviors of GdxOy memristors with H2 plasma surface modified CSA graphene BEs are achieved, providing an opportunity for the applications in future neuromorphic computing systems.
Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Selectively Wetting Multilayer and Janus Membranes
Authors: Cheng Christine , Gupta Malancha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, the deposition of hydrophobic coatings onto porous materials is systematically studied for the fabrication of membranes with asymmetric and symmetric wetting properties. Initiated plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition is used to deposit an organosilicon polymer coating onto chromatography paper of different thicknesses. The hydrophobic organosilicon polymer serves as an environmentally friendly alternative to fluorinated polymers and the all‐dry coating process does not use solvents. The deposition time, thickness of the paper, and orientation of the paper relative to the stage are shown to affect the symmetry of the wettability. The chemical functionality of the deposited polymer is characterized via Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The hydrophobicity and wetting behavior of the coated paper are characterized with contact angle goniometry and wicking studies. Scale‐up of the process is also demonstrated by using a roll‐to‐roll module. The ability to systematically tune the wettability of materials allows for the fabrication of multilayer and Janus membranes for potential applications including filtration, smart textiles, flexible sensors, and wound dressings.
A Terahertz Chiral Metamaterial Modulator
Authors: Kindness Stephen J. , Almond Nikita W. , Michailow Wladislaw , Wei Binbin , Delfanazari Kaveh , Braeuninger‐Weimer Philipp , Hofmann Stephan , Beere Harvey E. , Ritchie David A. , Degl'Innocenti Riccardo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractActive control of chirality in artificial media such as metamaterials is fundamental in many scientific areas, ranging from research into fundamental optical phenomena to the investigation of novel materials, spectroscopy, and imaging. Precise control of the light polarization states has great importance for light‐matter interaction in chemistry and biology, as media with diverse chiral properties react differently to the incoming polarization of light. In this work an active double layer metamaterial device based on vertically stacked ring resonators is realized by integrating electrostatically tunable graphene as an active element. The device is characterized with a THz time domain spectroscopic system demonstrating an all‐electrical control of circular dichroism and optical activity at ≈2 THz, reporting a tunable ellipticity of 0.55–0.98 and >20° rotation of the plane polarization, respectively, by modifying the conductivity of graphene. Further integration with a narrow frequency quantum cascade laser emitting at ≈1.9 THz, in a crossed polarizer experimental arrangement, realizes an active amplitude modulator, hence highlighting the versatility of this approach. These results represent an important milestone for the investigation of novel concepts in optics and in several applications in the THz range, such as wireless communications and spectroscopy.