bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of pleural drainage on oxygenation in critically ill patients
Authors: Sakurai Masako , Morinaga Kentaro , Shimoyama Keiichiro , Mishima Shiro , Oda Jun 
Published: March 2020

AimPleural effusion is common among critically ill patients and associated with clinical consequences; however, the benefits of draining pleural effusion remain debatable. Thus, we aimed to investigate pleural drainage effectiveness by focusing on preprocedure patient status.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 22 patients with pleural effusion. Gas exchange, ventilator settings, vital signs, inflammatory response, and nutrition status were examined preprocedure and 24 h and 1 week postprocedure. Data were analyzed using the non‐parametric test and discriminant analysis with receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsThe partial arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) to fraction of inspiratory oxygen (FIO2) (P/F) ratio at 24 h was higher postdrainage than predrainage (250 ± 87 versus 196 ± 84, P < 0.05); however, no significant difference between the P/F ratio predrainage and 1 week postdrainage was noted. Patients were classified into effective and ineffective groups according to a 110% increase in the P/F ratio 1 week postdrainage compared with predrainage. The predrainage P/F ratio was lower in the effective group than in the ineffective group (165 ± 91 versus 217 ± 74, P < 0.05). Discriminant analysis showed the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.72; the cut‐off value of the predrainage P/F ratio (divided into effective and ineffective groups) was 174.ConclusionsPleural drainage could be effective in patients who have lower preprocedure P/F ratios.
Kinetic and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Tertiary Bromides by Pentanidium‐Catalyzed Phase‐Transfer Azidation
Authors: Ren Jingyun , Ban Xu , Zhang Xin , Tan Siu Min , Lee Richmond , Tan Choon‐Hong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe have developed a method to afford enantiomerically enriched tertiary azides and bromides through pentanidium‐catalyzed kinetic resolution (KR) of racemic tertiary bromides under base‐free conditions. We found that the absence of water is crucial to attain a high selectivity factor (s). On the other hand, new experimental observations and DFT modeling led us to propose that enantioconvergent azidation of tertiary bromides proceeded through dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR). The investigations particularly identified the crucial roles of base and water in the enantioconvergent process, thus supporting the proposal that the tertiary bromide isomerizes in the presence of base and water through a SN2X pathway.
Sequence‐Dependent DNA Functionalization of Upconversion Nanoparticles and Their Programmable Assemblies
Authors: Ge Huan , Wang Dongya , Pan Yue , Guo Yuanyuan , Li Hongyu , Zhang Fan , Zhu Xinyuan , Li Yuehua , Zhang Chuan , Huang Ling 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDNA‐modified lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (DNA‐UCNPs) that combine the functions of DNA and the optical features of UCNPs have shown great promise in a wide range of fields. However, challenges remain in precisely tethering and orienting the DNA strands on the UCNP surface. Herein, we systematically investigate the sequence dependence of DNAs in their interactions with UCNPs, and reveal that poly‐cytosine (poly‐C) has high affinity for the UCNP surface. A general approach to synthesize monodispersed DNA‐UCNP conjugates is developed using poly‐C‐containing diblock DNA strands. The poly‐C segment of the DNA strand binds to the surfaces of UCNPs and the second segment is oriented perpendicularly on the UCNP surface, making the DNA‐UCNPs highly stable and monodispersed in aqueous solution. The dense layer of DNA on the UCNP surface enables the programmable assembly of UCNPs with other DNA‐functionalized nanoparticles or DNA origamis through hybridization, resulting in the formation of well‐organized complex structures.
The synergistic effects on enhancing thermal conductivity and mechanical strength of hBN/CF/PE composite
Authors: Xu Zibo , Lin Guoming , Sui Guoxin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, a simple and novel method was applied to prepare polymer composites by taking the advantage of melt flow shear force driving orientation of the fillers. By using this method, hexagonal boron nitride/polyethylene (hBN/PE) and hexagonal boron nitride/carbon fibers/polyethylene (hBN/CF/PE) composites were fabricated to be possessed of high thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. A high thermal conductivity of 3.11 W/mK was realized in the composite containing 35 wt% hBN and 5 wt% CF, which was over 1,200% higher than that of unfilled PE matrix. Under this component, the compressive strength and modulus of hBN/CF/PE composite were determined to be 30.1 and 870.9 MPa, respectively, which were far higher than that of unfilled PE accordingly. The bending performance was also somewhat enhanced. Meanwhile, the bulk resistivity of the composite material reached 2.55 × 1011 Ω·cm, which was basically the same as that of pure PE. The novel composites with high thermal conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, and controllable electrical insulation could be a potential thermal management material for electrical and electronics industries.
Determining Realistic Electrochemical Stability Windows of Electrolytes for Electrical Double‐Layer Capacitors
Authors: Ruschhaupt Peter , Pohlmann Sebastian , Varzi Alberto , Passerini Stefano 
Published: March 2020

AbstractElectrical double‐layer capacitors are a key building block for energy storage applications, including renewable energies, wherever high power is needed. Most research on electrolytes in this field focuses on improving their electrochemical stability. This improves the energy density as it scales with the square of the maximum operative voltage. However, the decisive criteria to assess the electrochemical stability window of electrolytes are unclear. Consequently, new electrolyte candidates are often presented with unrealistic high stability windows and their performance is difficult to compare. In this Minireview, an overview of electrochemical stability window determination methods is presented. It is argued that constant voltage lifetime tests are needed to confirm the electrochemical stability window determined by any other method. Also, the importance of using realistic working electrodes, reference electrodes, and cycling protocols are highlighted. Finally, an industrial perspective on what is necessary to yield results relevant to applications is given.
Catalytic Dehydration of 1,4‐Butanediol over Mg−Yb Binary Oxides and the Mechanism Study
Authors: Mi Rongli , Hu Zhun , Yi Chunhai , Yang Bolun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, Mg−Yb binary oxides were synthesized using different MgO concentrations and investigated for the catalytic dehydration of 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) into 3‐buten‐1‐ol (BTO). The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, temperature‐programmed techniques, and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. The Mg−Yb binary oxides exhibited superior catalytic activity and better BTO selectivity compared with the pristine Yb2O3 or MgO. Structures of Mg−O−Yb were generated in the binary oxides via the interchange of Yb or Mg in the MgO or Yb2O3 crystalline phases. Extra basic and acidic sites were formed over the Mg−Yb binary oxides because of the formation of surface defects and the presence of Mg−O−Yb structures, respectively. The acidic as well as basic sites were observed to influence the catalytic performance: BDO reactivity was enhanced by the more acidic sites, while BTO selectivity was favored by the basic sites. The highest BTO yield of 71.1 % was achieved over the Mg7Yb3 catalyst with 90.4 % BDO conversion and 78.6 % BTO selectivity at 350 °C. The in situ DRIFTS results indicated that BDO was first adsorbed on the catalyst and then reacted with the acidic sites to generate butoxides. The β‐H of the surface butoxides was abstracted by the basic oxygen anions to produce aldehyde species, which dissociated to form BTO.
Non‐oxidative Methane Coupling over Silica versus Silica‐Supported Iron(II) Single Sites
Authors: Šot Petr , Newton Mark A. , Baabe Dirk , Walter Marc D. , van Bavel Alexander P. , Horton Andrew D. , Copéret Christophe , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNon‐oxidative CH4 coupling is promoted by silica with incorporated iron sites, but the role of these sites and their speciation under reaction conditions are poorly understood. Here, silica‐supported iron(II) single sites, prepared via surface organometallic chemistry and stable at 1020 °C in vacuum, are shown to rapidly initiate CH4 coupling at 1000 °C, leading to 15–22 % hydrocarbons selectivity at 3–4 % conversion. During this process, iron reduces and forms carburized iron(0) nanoparticles. This reactivity contrasts with what is observed for (iron‐free) partially dehydroxylated silica, that readily converts methane, albeit with low hydrocarbon selectivity and after an induction period. This study supports that iron sites facilitate faster initiation of radical reactions and tame the surface reactivity.
A Modular Synthesis of Antitumor Macrolide (–)‐Lasonolide A†
Authors: Yang Lin , Lin Zuming , Zheng Kuan , Kong Luyao , Hong Ran 
Published: March 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionLasonolide A was identified as a potent antitumor macrolide towards various cancer cell lines. The two tetrahydropyrans bearing multiple stereogenic centers as well as the polyene linkage attracted a dozen synthetic research groups to launch the total synthesis. Based on the synthetic methods developed in our group, namely, the hydroboration of allene and its subsequent allylation as well as the iterative hydroboration of allene and oxidation, the polyol subunits were efficiently constructed and then integrated into the final target. A new Julia olefination reagent, double‐headed sulfone, was designed to promote the rapid coupling of two aldehydes bearing multiple functional groups to secure the whole carbon framework. Another highlight of our approach is the application of a traceless protecting group, 9‐BBN (9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane), to hide the secondary alcohol for debenzylation, and for the first time, to mask the carboxylic acid for Julia olefination under strong basic conditions.
A study on giant panda recognition based on images of a large proportion of captive pandas
Authors: Chen Peng , Swarup Pranjal , Matkowski Wojciech Michal , Kong Adams Wai Kin , Han Su , Zhang Zhihe , Rong Hou 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

As a highly endangered species, the giant panda (panda) has attracted significant attention in the past decades. Considerable efforts have been put on panda conservation and reproduction, offering the promising outcome of maintaining the population size of pandas. To evaluate the effectiveness of conservation and management strategies, recognizing individual pandas is critical. However, it remains a challenging task because the existing methods, such as traditional tracking method, discrimination method based on footprint identification, and molecular biology method, are invasive, inaccurate, expensive, or challenging to perform. The advances of imaging technologies have led to the wide applications of digital images and videos in panda conservation and management, which makes it possible for individual panda recognition in a noninvasive manner by using image‐based panda face recognition method.

In recent years, deep learning has achieved great success in the field of computer vision and pattern recognition. For panda face recognition, a fully automatic deep learning algorithm which consists of a sequence of deep neural networks (DNNs) used for panda face detection, segmentation, alignment, and identity prediction is developed in this study. To develop and evaluate the algorithm, the largest panda image dataset containing 6,441 images from 218 different pandas, which is 39.78% of captive pandas in the world, is established.

The algorithm achieved 96.27% accuracy in panda recognition and 100% accuracy in detection.

This study shows that panda faces can be used for panda recognition. It enables the use of the cameras installed in their habitat for monitoring their population and behavior. This noninvasive approach is much more cost‐effective than the approaches used in the previous panda surveys.
Association of soluble interleukin‐2 receptor α and tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 with heart failure: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Bakhshi Hooman , Varadarajan Vinithra , Ambale‐Venkatesh Bharath , Meyghani Zahra , Ostovaneh Mohammad R. , Durda Peter , Wu Colin O. , Tracy Russell P. , Cushman Mary , Bluemke David A. , Lima João A.C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsSoluble tumour necrosis factor‐α receptor 1 (sTNF‐αR1) and interleukin‐2 receptor α (sIL‐2Rα) predict incident heart failure (HF) in the elderly population. However, the association of these biomarkers with HF in a multi‐ethnic asymptomatic population is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association of sTNF‐αR1 and sIL‐2Rα with incident HF in a multi‐ethnic population of middle age and older participants.Methods and resultsThe multi‐ethnic study of atherosclerosis is a prospective population‐based study of 6814 participants aged 45–84 years who were free of clinical cardiovascular disease at enrolment. We included 2869 participants with available sTNF‐αR1 or sIL‐2Rα level measurement at baseline multi‐ethnic study of atherosclerosis exam (2000–2002). We used Cox proportional‐hazards model to investigate the association between sTNF‐αR1 and sIL‐2Rα with incident HF after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery calcium score measured by cardiac computed tomography. Among the included participants, the mean (standard deviation) age was 61.6 (10.2) years and 46.7% were men. The median (interquartile range) sTNF‐αR1 and sIL‐2Rα were 1293 (1107–1547) and 901 (727–1154) pg/mL. During a median follow‐up of 14.2 (interquartile range: 11.7–14.8) years, 130 participants developed HF. In multivariable analysis, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval, P value) of incident HF for each standard deviation increment of log‐transformed sTNF‐αR1 and sIL‐2Rα was 1.43 (1.21–1.7, P ≤ 0.001) and 1.26 (1.04–1.53, P = 0.02), respectively. Excluding participants with interim coronary heart disease, we found a statistically significant association between sTNF‐αR1 and HF with hazard ratio of 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.11 to 1.74, P = 0.005) and sIL‐2Rα and HF showing a hazard ratio of 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.09 to 1.76, P = 0.007).ConclusionssTNF‐αR1 and sIL‐2Rα are associated with a higher risk of incident HF in a multi‐ethnic cohort without a previous history of cardiovascular disease.
Takotsubo syndrome in a heart transplant recipient with poor cardiac sympathetic reinnervation
Authors: Miyake Ryo , Ohtani Kisho , Hashimoto Toru , Yada Ryoko , Sato Tasuku , Shojima Yoko , Hayashidani Shunji , Higo Taiki , Tsutsui Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTakotsubo syndrome (TTS), also referred to as stress cardiomyopathy, is characterized by transient left ventricular apical ballooning in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. Catecholamine‐induced cardiac injury or vasospasm has been implicated in this pathophysiology. We present a case of a 67‐year‐old man 10 years after heart transplantation diagnosed with TTS. Sympathetic reinnervation could not be detected by iodine‐123 meta iodobenzylguanidine uptake, suggesting that TTS can occur in the absence of functional sympathetic nerve systems reconstruction.
Where is the optimum? Predicting the variation of selection along climatic gradients and the adaptive value of plasticity. A case study on tree phenology
Authors: Gauzere Julie , Teuf Bertrand , Davi Hendrik , Chevin Luis-Miguel , Caignard Thomas , Leys Bérangère , Delzon Sylvain , Ronce Ophélie , Chuine Isabelle 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany theoretical models predict when genetic evolution and phenotypic plasticity allow adaptation to changing environmental conditions. These models generally assume stabilizing selection around some optimal phenotype. We however often ignore how optimal phenotypes change with the environment, which limit our understanding of the adaptive value of phenotypic plasticity. Here, we propose an approach based on our knowledge of the causal relationships between climate, adaptive traits, and fitness to further these questions. This approach relies on a sensitivity analysis of the process-based model Phenofit, which mathematically formalizes these causal relationships, to predict fitness landscapes and optimal budburst dates along elevation gradients in three major European tree species. Variation in the overall shape of the fitness landscape and resulting directional selection gradients were found to be mainly driven by temperature variation. The optimal budburst date was delayed with elevation, while the range of dates allowing high fitness narrowed and the maximal fitness at the optimum decreased. We also found that the plasticity of the budburst date should allow tracking the spatial variation in the optimal date, but with variable mismatch depending on the species, ranging from negligible mismatch in fir, moderate in beech, to large in oak. Phenotypic plasticity would therefore be more adaptive in fir and beech than in oak. In all species, we predicted stronger directional selection for earlier budburst date at higher elevation. The weak selection on budburst date in fir should result in the evolution of negligible genetic divergence, while beech and oak would evolve counter-gradient variation, where genetic and environmental effects are in opposite directions. Our study suggests that theoretical models should consider how whole fitness landscapes change with the environment. The approach introduced here has the potential to be developed for other traits and species to explore how populations will adapt to climate change.
Complications Associated With Anesthesia Services in Endoscopic Procedures Among Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Lieber Sarah R. , Heller Benjamin J. , Howard Christopher W. , Sandler Robert S. , Crockett Seth , Barritt Alfred Sidney 
Published: March 2020

Background and Aims
Anesthesia services for endoscopic procedures have proliferated with the promise of increased comfort and safety. Cirrhosis patients are higher risk for sedation, yet limited data are available describing anesthesia complications in this population.

Approach and Results
This cross‐sectional study utilized the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry, a multicenter quality‐improvement database from 2010 to 2015. Patients with cirrhosis undergoing an endoscopy were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9)/Current Procedures Terminology (CPT) codes. The outcome of interest was serious anesthesia‐related complication defined as cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, drug related, patient injury, death, or unexpected admission. A mixed‐effects multivariate logistic regression model determined odds ratios (ORs) between variables and serious complications, adjusting for potential confounders. In total, 9,007 endoscopic procedures were performed among patients with cirrhosis; 92% were esophagogastroduodenoscopies. The majority (81%) were American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class ≥3, and 72% had a history of hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, varices, hepatorenal syndrome, or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis identified by ICD‐9/CPT codes. In total, 87 complications were reported, 33 of which were serious. Frequency of serious complications was 0.4% or 378.6 per 100,000 procedures (95% confidence interval [CI], 260.8, 531.3). The majority of serious complications were cardiovascular (21 of 33), including 15 cardiac arrests. Serious complications were significantly associated with ASA 4/5 (OR, 3.84; 95% CI, 1.09, 13.57) and general anesthesia (OR, 4.71; 95% CI, 1.20, 18.50), adjusting for age, sex, ASA class, anesthesia type, inpatient status, portal hypertension history, and variable complication reporting practices.

Conclusions
Anesthesia complications among endoscopic procedures in cirrhosis are rare overall. Serious complications were predominantly cardiac and associated with sicker patients undergoing general anesthesia. The complexity of end‐stage liver disease may warrant more intensive care during endoscopic procedures, including anesthesia monitoring.
Experimental investigation of Al2O3–MgO hot hybrid nanofluid in a plate heat exchanger
Authors: Bhattad Atul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExergy–energy analysis of the plate heat exchanger is experimentally performed with different Al2O3–MgO hybrid nanofluid (HyNf) as a hot fluid. There were six combinations of fluids, namely, deionized (DI) water, ethylene glycol–DI water brine (1:9 volume ratio), propylene glycol–DI water brine (1:9 volume ratio), base fluids and their respective Al2O3–MgO (4:1 particle volume ratio) HyNfs of 0.1% total volume concentration. The effects of different flow rates and hot inlet temperatures on the heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient, pump work, irreversibility, and performance index (PI) are investigated. It is witnessed that the heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient, pump work, and irreversibility enhances with the flow rate and nanoparticle suspension. While the PI declines with a rise in the flow rate, the heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient, PI, and irreversibility rise up maximum for MgO–alumina (1:4) DI water HyNf upto 11.8%, 31.7%, 11.1%, and 4.05%, respectively. The pump work enhances upto 1.6% for MgO–alumina (1:4)/EG–DI water (1:9) HyNf.
Newtonian heating effect on laminar flow of Casson fluids: Thermal analysis
Authors: Kotha Gangadhar , Munagala Venkata Subba Rao , Damerla Vijaya Kumar , Gorla Rama Subba Reddy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the present study, free convective, laminar flow of Casson fluid is investigated numerically over a nonlinear stretched sheet to observe the characteristics of heat transfer in the presence of Newtonian heating. Nonlinear differential equations are derived from the present flow by utilizing the appropriate transformations. Thereafter, for the linear stretching case, an exact solution is applied for the momentum equation, and for the nonlinear stretching case, a convergent numerical technique, SRM, is applied. Computations of SRM and exact solutions are displayed through graphs. For various physical parameters, variation in velocity profile is observed by means of numerical computations and presented graphically. For checking the accuracy and convergence of the proposed method, outcomes are validated with the available outcomes in the literature and compared. The outcomes demonstrate that the velocity profile is reduced for the nonlinear stretching parameter effect, and, with increasing , the temperature is decreased and there is a reduction in the thickness of the thermal boundary layer.