bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and the Risk of Dementia: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Murphy Meghan , Fani Lana , Ikram Kamran , Ghanbari Mohsen , Ikram Arfan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
IntroductionHerpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV1) is a neuroinvasive virus capable of entering the brain which makes it a candidate pathogen for increasing risk of dementia. Previous studies are inconsistent in their findings regarding the link between HSV1 and dementia, therefore, we investigated how HSV1 relates to cognitive decline and dementia risk using data from a population-based study. MethodsWe measured HSV1 immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies in serum collected between 2002 and 2005 from participants of the Rotterdam Study. We used linear regression to determine HSV1 in relation to change in cognitive performance during 2 consecutive examination rounds on average 6,5 years apart. Next, we determined the association of HSV1 with risk of dementia (until 2016) using a Cox regression model. We repeated analyses for Alzheimer’s disease. All models were adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, and apolipoprotein E genotype. Results Of 1,915 non-demented participants (mean age 71.3 years, 56.7% women), with an average follow-up time of 9.1 years, 244 participants developed dementia (of whom 203 Alzheimer’s disease). HSV1 seropositivity was associated with decline in global cognition (mean difference per standard deviation -0.16; 95% confidence interval (95%CI), -0.26; -0.07), as well as separate cognitive domains, namely memory, information processing, and executive function, but not motor function. Finally, HSV1 seropositivity was not associated with risk of dementia (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.18, 95%CI, 0.83; 1.68), similar for Alzheimer’s disease. DiscussionHSV1 is associated with cognitive decline but not with incident dementia in the general population. These data suggest HSV1 to be associated only with subtle cognitive disturbances but not with greater cognitive disorders that result in dementia.
The Effectiveness of Syndromic Surveillance for the Early Detection of Waterborne Outbreaks: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hyllestad Susanne , Amato Ettore , Nygård Karin , Line Vold , Aavitsland Preben 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Waterborne outbreaks are still a risk in high-income countries, and their early detection is crucial to limit their societal consequences. Although syndromic surveillance is widely used for the purpose of detecting outbreaks days earlier than traditional surveillance systems, evidence of the effectiveness of such systems is lacking. Thus, our objective was to conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of syndromic surveillance to detect waterborne outbreaks. Method: We searched the Cochrane Library, Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science for relevant published articles using a combination of the keywords ‘drinking water’, ‘surveillance’, and ‘waterborne disease’ for the period of 1990 to 2018. The references lists of the identified articles for full-text record assessment were screened, and random searches using the same key words were conducted. We assessed the risk of bias in the included articles using the ROBINS-I tool and PRECEPT for the cumulative body of evidence. Results: From the 1,955 articles identified, we reviewed 52 articles, of which 16 met the eligibility criteria. Ten were retrospective studies, whereas six were simulation studies. There is no clear evidence for syndromic surveillance in terms of the ability to detect waterborne outbreaks (low sensitivity and high specificity). However, one simulation study implied that multiple sources of signals combined with spatial information may increase the timeliness in detecting a waterborne outbreak and reduce false alarms. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that there is no conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of syndromic surveillance for the detection of waterborne outbreaks, thus suggesting the need to focus on primary prevention measures to reduce the risk of waterborne outbreaks. Future studies should investigate methods for combining health and environmental data with an assessment of needed financial and human resources for implementing such surveillance systems.
A Case of Thyrotoxicosis-induced Anemia After the Onset of Painless Thyroiditis in a Patient With Pancreatic Diabetes Mellitus: Profile of Hemoglobin, Thyroid Hormones, Soluble IL-2 Receptor, LDL-C, HDL-C and Liver Function.
Authors: Komiya Ichiro , Yagi Noriharu , Tomoyose Takeaki , Ouchi Gen , Wakugami Tamio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: There have been several reports of secondary anemia associated with Graves' disease. There are no reports of secondary anemia resulting from thyrotoxicosis due to painless thyroiditis (silent thyroiditis). We report the case of a patient with pancreatic diabetes who developed normocytic anemia caused by thyrotoxicosis due to painless thyroiditis.Case presentation: The patient was a 37-year-old man who visited the hospital complaining of fatigue, palpitations, and dyspnea. His hemoglobin was 110 g/l, and mean corpuscular volume was 81.5 fl. His free thyroxine (FT4) was high, at 1.004 pmol/l, the free triiodothyronine (FT3) was high, at 27.49 pmol/l, TSH was <0.01 mIU/l, and TSH receptor antibody was negative. Soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) was high, at 1,340 U/ml, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was 0.78 mmol/l, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was 0.75 mmol/l. Propranolol was prescribed and followed up. Thyroid hormones, sIL-2R, LDL-C, and HDL-C had almost normalized by 8 weeks after onset. Anemia completely disappeared by 12 weeks after disease onset. Slight increases in liver enzyme levels and a decrease in serum albumin were observed, and recovered later than normalization of thyroid function and cholesterol levels. He developed mild hypothyroidism and was treated with L-thyroxine at 24 weeks.Conclusions: This is the first case report of transient secondary anemia associated with thyrotoxicosis due to painless thyroiditis. Changes in sIL-2R, HDL-C, LDL-C and liver function were also observed during the clinical course of thyrotoxicosis and anemia, suggesting the autoimmune processes in thyroid gland, bone marrow and liver.
Physical Restraint of Dementia Patients in Acute-Care Hospitals During the&nbsp;COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cohort Analysis in Japan
Authors: Okuno Takuya , Shin Jung-ho , Takada Daisuke , Morishita Tetsuji , Kunisawa Susumu , Imanaka Yuichi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused unprecedented challenges for medical staff worldwide, especially for those working in hospitals in which COVID-19-positive or -suspected patients are being treated. The announcement of COVID-19 hospital restrictions by the Japanese government has led to several limitations in hospital care, including an increased use of physical restraints, that could affect the care of elderly dementia patients. However, few studies have empirically validated the impact of physical restraint use during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to evaluate the impact of regulatory changes, consequent to the pandemic, on physical restraint use among elderly dementia patients in acute care hospitals.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we extracted the data of elderly patients (age >65 years) who received dementia care in acute care hospitals to which COVID-19-positive or -suspected patients were admitted between July 1, 2018 and June 30, 2020. We calculated descriptive statistics to compare the year-on-year trend in 2-week intervals and conducted an interrupted time-series analysis to validate the changes in the use of physical restraint.Results: The year-on-year trend in the number of patients who were physically restrained per 1,000 hospital admissions increased after the government’s announcement of COVID-19 restrictions, with a maximum incidence of 111.4% between the 47th and 48th week after the announcement. Additionally, a significant increase in the use of physical restraints in elderly dementia patients was noted (p=.002).Conclusions: Elderly dementia patients who required personal care experienced an obvious and significant increase in the use of physical restraints during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the causes and mechanisms underlying an increased use of physical restraints in dementia patients can help design more effective care protocols for similar future situations.
The Associations of Psoas and Masseter Muscles With Sarcopenia and Related Adverse Outcomes in Older Trauma Patients- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Varma Surabhi , Wilson Michael SJ , Naik Mitesh , Sandhu Amandeep , Ota Helen Chidera Uchenna , Aylwin Christopher , Fertleman Michael , Peck George 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: There is an emerging role for the radiological evaluation of the psoas muscle as a marker of sarcopenia, and as a prognostic discriminant in elderly patients with traumatic injuries. Older trauma patients are more likely to undergo cranial than abdomino-pelvic imaging. Identifying sarcopenia using masseter cross sectional area (M-CSA) has shown correlation with mortality. We sought to determine the correlation between psoas: lumbar vertebral index (PLVI) and the M-CSA, and their association with health outcomes. Methods: Patients aged 65 or above, who presented as a trauma call over a 1 year period were included if they underwent cranial or abdominal CT imaging. Images were retrospectively analyzed to obtain PLVI and mean M-CSA measurements. Electronic records were abstracted for demographics and outcomes. Logistic regression methods, log scale analyses, Cox regression model and Kaplan-Meier plots were used to determine association of sarcopenia with outcomes. Results: There were 155 eligible patients in the M-CSA group and 204 patients in the PLVI group. Sarcopenia was defined as the lowest quartile in each group. Both PLVI and M-CSA measurements were available in 142 patients. Pearson’s correlation indicated a weakly positive linear relationship (r=0.35, p<0.001) between these. There was no statistical association between M-CSA sarcopenia status and any measured outcomes. Those with PLVI sarcopenia were more likely to die in hospital (adjusted OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.47-9.73, p=0.006) and at 2-years (adjusted HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.11-3.25, p=0.02). Only 29% patients with PLVI sarcopenia were discharged home, compared with 58% without sarcopenia (p=0.001).Conclusion: Sarcopenia, defined by PLVI, is predictive of increased in-patient and 2- year mortality. Our study did not support prognostic relevance of M-CSA. Further research should be directed at improving the validity of masseter measurements or identifying alternative radiological determinants of sarcopenia on cranial imaging.
WITHDRAWN: The Correlation Between Early Net Fluid Balance and The Clinical Outcomes of Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Li Wei , Lv Jinru , Hu Deliang , Sun Feng , He Fengpu , Chen Xufeng , Mei Yong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Large amounts of fluid administration are often needed during the extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) course. Finally, fluid overload is often present.Methods: Adult patients on ECPR admitted to our center from May 2015 to December 2020 were included. Net fluid balance for consecutive 4 days after ECPR was recorded. The primary outcome was to intensive care unit(ICU) survival . We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between fluid status and clinical outcome.Results: A total of 72 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups: the survivor group and the non-survivor group. The overall rate of ICU survival was 44.4%. Daily fluid balance(DFB) in the survivor group was lower than that in the non-survivor group at day 4 (-11.47[-19.74,8.7] vs -5.08[-12.94,13.9]ml/kg, P=0.046), as was CFB over the first 4 days (-36.03[-51.45,19.03] vs -7.22[-32.79,21.02] ml/kg, P=0.009). Both continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT) and CFB from days 1-4 were significantly correlated with ICU survival(OR=14.617[95%CI:1.344,48.847], P=0.028; OR=1.261[95%CI1.091,1.375], P=0.003, respectively). CFB from day 1-4 was determined to have a roughly linear association with the log odds of ICU survival.Conclusions: Early negative fluid balance maybe associated with ICU survival in patients receiving ECPR.
Learning From the 'Tail End' of De-implementation: The Case of Chemical Castration for Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Skolarus Ted A. , Forman Jane , Sparks Jordan B. , Metreger Tabitha , Hawley Sarah T. , Caram Megan , Dossett Lesly , Paniagua-Cruz Alan , Makarov Danil , Leppert John T. , Shelton Jeremy B. , Stensland Kristian , Hollenbeck Brent K. , Shahinian Vahakn , Sales Anne E. , Wittmann Daniela A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Men with prostate cancer are often treated with the suppression of testosterone through long-acting injectable drugs termed chemical castration or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). In most cases, ADT is not an appropriate treatment for localized prostate cancer, indicating low-value care. Guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the Behavior Change Wheel’s Capability, Opportunity, Motivation Model (COM-B), we conducted a qualitative study to identify behavioral determinants of low-value ADT use to manage localized prostate cancer, and theory-based opportunities for de-implementation strategy development.Methods: We used national cancer registry and administrative data from 2016-2017 to examine variation in low-value ADT use across Veterans Health Administration facilities. Using purposive sampling, we selected high and low performing sites to conduct 20 urology provider interviews regarding low-value ADT. We coded transcripts into TDF domains and mapped content to the COM-B Model to generate a conceptual framework for addressing low-value ADT practices.Results: Our interview findings reflected provider perspectives on prescribing ADT as low-value localized prostate cancer treatment. We characterized providers as belonging in 1 of 3 categories with respect to low-value ADT use: 1) never prescribe, 2) willing, under some circumstances, to prescribe, and 3) prescribe as an acceptable treatment option. Provider Capability to prescribe low-value ADT depended on their knowledge of localized prostate cancer treatment options (knowledge) coupled with interpersonal skills to engage patients in educational discussion (skills). Provider Opportunity to prescribe low-value ADT centered on the environmental resources to inform ADT decisions (e.g., multi-disciplinary review), perceived guideline availability, and social influences regarding ADT practices, such as prior training. Provider Motivation involved goals of ADT use, including patient preferences, beliefs in capabilities/professional confidence and beliefs about the consequences of prescribing or not prescribing ADT. Conclusions: Use of the TDF domains and the COM-B model enabled us to conceptualize provider behavior with respect to low-value ADT use and clarify possible areas for intervention to effect de-implementation of low-value ADT prescribing in localized prostate cancer.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of nab-paclitaxel mono-chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Lu Haili , Zha Siluo , Zhang Wei , Wang Qiang , Jiang Daozhen , Xu Xinyun , Zheng Xiangmin , Qiu Ming , Shan Chengxiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Various clinical trials and real-life studies have tried to explore the value of nab-paclitaxel mono-chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The safety and efficacy of nab-paclitaxel needs to be systematically evaluated.
Methods
Electronic searches for prospective clinical trials containing nab-paclitaxel monotherapy for MBC were performed. Requisite data were extracted, integrated and analyzed from the included studies according to different purposes using systematic review and meta-analysis.
Results
22 studies with 3287 MBC patients were included. 1685 MBC patients received nab-paclitaxel as first-line therapy, 640 patients as further-line therapy, and 962 patients as mixed-line therapy. 1966 MBC patients (60.40%) received nab-paclitaxel weekly, while 1190 patients (36.56%) received nab-paclitaxel triweekly and 99 patients (3.04%) biweekly. The overall incidence of all grades neutropenia, leukopenia, peripheral sensory neuropathy, and fatigue was 52% (95% CI, 38%-66%), 58% (95% CI, 43%-73%), 58% (95% CI, 48%-68%), and 49% (95% CI, 41%-56%) respectively. The overall response rate (ORR) was 40% (95% CI, 35%-45%) and the clinical benefit rate (CBR) was 66% (95% CI, 59%-73%) following nab-paclitaxel monotherapy. The median progression free survival (PFS) was 7.64 months (95% CI, 6.89–8.40 months) and the median overall survival (OS) was 24.51 months (95% CI, 21.25–27.78 months). According to the meta-regression analysis, grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred less frequently in Her-2 negative patients compared with all population (P = 0.046). Patients who received first-line nab-paclitaxel monotherapy showed higher ORR (P = 0.006) and longer PFS (P = 0.045). Patients who received further-line therapy was demonstrated to have shorter median OS versus first- and mixed-line therapy. Efficacy outcomes were not affected by the administration schedule. However, patients appeared to have more superior ORR (P = 0.044) and longer PFS (P = 0.03) along with the increasing dosage of nab-paclitaxel under the same schedule.
Conclusions
Both weekly and triweekly nab-paclitaxel mono-chemotherapy were proved to be effective for MBC with generally reasonable toxicity profiles. Higher ORR, longer PFS and OS would be achieved in patients treated with nab-paclitaxel as first line. Increasing nab-paclitaxel dosage would result in better tumor control (higher ORR and PFS). Changing nab-paclitaxel schedule had no benefit on ameliorating the overall survival.
Annotating and Detecting Topics in Social Media Forum and Modelling the Annotation to Derive Directions-A Case Study
Authors: B Athira , Jones Josette , Idicula Sumam Mary , Kulanthaivel Anand , Zhang Enming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The widespread influence of social media impacts every aspect of life, including the healthcare sector. Although medics and health professionals are the final decision makers, the advice and recommendations obtained from fellow patients are significant. In this context, the present paper explores the topics of discussion posted by breast cancer patients and survivors on online forums. The study examines an online forum, Breastcancer.org, maps the discussion entries to several topics, and proposes a machine learning model based on a classification algorithm to characterize the topics. To explore the topics of breast cancer patients and survivors, approximately 1000 posts are selected and manually labeled with annotations. In contrast, millions of posts are available to build the labels. A semi-supervised learning technique is used to build the labels for the unlabeled data; hence, the large data are classified using a deep learning algorithm. The deep learning algorithm BiLSTM with BERT word embedding technique provided a better f1-score of 79.5%. This method is able to classify the following topics: medication reviews, clinician knowledge, various treatment options, seeking and providing support, diagnostic procedures, financial issues and implications for everyday life. What matters the most for the patients is coping with everyday living as well as seeking and providing emotional and informational support. The approach and findings show the potential of studying social media to provide insight into patients' experiences with cancer like critical health problems.
Combination of Dirty Mass Volume and APACHE II Score Predicts Mortality in Patients with Colorectal perforation
Authors: Ishikawa Daichi , Takehara Yukako , Takata Atsushi , Takamura Kazuhito , Sato Hirohiko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: “Dirty mass” is a specific computed tomography (CT) finding that is seen frequently in colorectal perforation. The prognostic significance of this finding for mortality is unclear. Methods: Fifty-eight consecutive patients with colorectal perforation who underwent emergency surgery were included in the study. Dirty mass identified on multi-detector row CT (MDCT) was 3D-reconstructed and its volume was calculated using Ziostation software. Dirty mass volume and other clinical characteristics were compared between survivor (n = 45) and mortality groups (n = 13) to identify predictive factors for mortality. Mann–Whitney U test and Χ2 test were used in univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis was used in multivariate analysis. Results: Dirty mass was identified in 36/58 patients (62.1%) and located next to perforated colorectum in all cases. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified the highest peak at 96.3 cm3, with sensitivity of 0.643 and specificity of 0.864. Univariate analysis revealed dirty mass volume, acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) score, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score as prognostic markers for mortality (p<0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed dirty mass volume and APACHE II score as independent prognostic indicators for mortality. Mortality was stratified by dividing patients into four groups according to dirty mass volume and APACHE II score. Conclusions: The combination of dirty mass volume and APACHE II score could stratify the postoperative mortality risk in patients with colorectal perforation. According to the risk stratification, surgeons might be able to decide the surgical procedures and intensity of postoperative management.