bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physician leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic: an emphasis on the team, well-being and leadership reasoning
Authors: Standiford Taylor C. , Davuluri Kavya , Trupiano Nicole , Portney David , Gruppen Larry , Vinson Alexandra H. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic impacted many aspects of normal operations in academic medicine. While effective leadership is always important, the intensity and urgency of COVID-19 challenged academic medicine leaders to find new ways to lead their institutions and manage their own experiences of the pandemic.MethodsSixteen physician leaders from Michigan Medicine took part in semistructured interviews during April and May 2020. Participants were asked open-ended questions about the attributes and techniques that were important to effectively lead during a crisis. The authors analysed the interviews using thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants described three overarching themes of leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) bringing together a diverse team with clear, shared goals; (2) using a range of strategies to tend to their teams’—as well as their own—well-being; and (3) engaging in leadership reasoning as a way of learning from others and reflecting on their own actions to inform their future leadership practice.ConclusionThe results of this study reveal several salient themes of crisis leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings also highlight the role of leadership reasoning, a reflective practice employed by leaders to understand and improve their leadership skills. This finding presents leadership skill development as part of lifelong learning in medicine. Findings may be incorporated into best practices and preparations to inform future healthcare leaders.
High-resolution scanning electron microscopy for the analysis of three-dimensional ultrastructure of clots in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Mereuta Oana Madalina , Fitzgerald Seán , Christensen Trace A , Jaspersen Adam L , Dai Daying , Abbasi Mehdi , Puttappa Tejaswini , Kadirvel Ram , Kallmes David F , Doyle Karen M , Brinjikji Waleed 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundCharacterization of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) clots has typically focused on two-dimensional histological analysis of the thrombus. The three-dimensional (3D) architecture and distribution of components within emboli have not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the composition and microstructure of AIS clots using histology and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM).MethodsAs part of the multi-institutional STRIP registry, 10 consecutive AIS emboli were collected from 10 patients treated by mechanical thrombectomy. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine clot composition. SBFSEM was used to assess the ultrastructural organization of the clots and specific features of individual components.ResultsQuantification of Martius Scarlett Blue stain identified fibrin (44.4%) and red blood cells (RBCs, 32.6%) as the main components. Immunohistochemistry showed a mean platelet and von Willebrand factor content of 23.9% and 11.8%, respectively. The 3D organization of emboli varied greatly depending on the region analyzed. RBC-rich areas were composed mainly of tightly packed RBCs deformed into polyhedrocytes with scant fibrin fibers interwoven between cells. The regions with mixed composition showed thick fibrin fibers along with platelets, white blood cells and RBC clusters. Fibrin-rich areas contained dense fibrin masses with sparse RBC. In three cases, the fibrin formed a grid-like or a sponge-like pattern, likely due to thrombolytic treatment. Segmentation showed that fibrin fibers were thinner and less densely packed in these cases.Conclusions3D-SEM provides novel and potentially clinically relevant information on clot components and ultrastructure which may help to inform thrombolytic treatment and medical device design.
Impact of eloquent motor cortex-tissue reperfusion beyond the traditional thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) scoring after thrombectomy
Authors: Raychev Radoslav , Saber Hamidreza , Saver Jeffrey L , Hinman Jason D , Brown Scott , Vinuela Fernando , Duckwiler Gary , Jahan Reza , Tateshima Satoshi , Szeder Viktor , Nour May , Colby Geoffrey P , Restrepo Lucas , Kim Doojin , Bahr-Hosseini Mersedeh , Ali Latisha , Starkman Sidney , Rao Neal , Nogueira Raul G , Liebeskind David 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundTargeted eloquence-based tissue reperfusion within the primary motor cortex may have a differential effect on disability as compared with traditional volume-based (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction, TICI) reperfusion after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in the setting of acute ischemic stroke (AIS).MethodsWe explored the impact of eloquent reperfusion (ER) within primary motor cortex (PMC) on clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale, mRS) in AIS patients undergoing EVT. ER-PMC was defined as presence of flow on final digital subtraction angiography (DSA) within four main cortical branches, supplying the PMC (middle cerebral artery (MCA) – precentral, central, postcentral; anterior cerebral artery (ACA) – medial frontal branch arising from callosomarginal or pericallosal arteries) and graded as absent (0), partial (1), and complete (2). Prospectively collected data from two centers were analyzed. Multivariate analysis was conducted to assess the impact of ER-PMC on 90-day disability (mRS) among patients with anterior circulation occlusion who achieved partial reperfusion (TICI 2a and 2b).ResultsAmong the 125 patients who met the study criteria, ER-PMC distribution was: absent (0) in 19/125 (15.2%); partial (1) in 52/125 (41.6%), and complete (2) in 54/125 (43.2%). TICI 2b was achieved in 102/125 (81.6%) and ER-PMC was substantially higher in those patients (P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, in addition to age and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, ER-PMC had a profound independent impact on 90-day disability (OR 6.10, P=0.001 for ER-PMC 1 vs 0 and OR 9.87, P<0.001 for ER-PMC 2 vs 0), while the extent of total partial reperfusion (TICI 2b vs 2a) was not related to 90-day mRS.ConclusionsEloquent PMC-tissue reperfusion is a key determinant of functional outcome, with a greater impact than volume-based (TICI) degree of partial reperfusion alone. PMC-targeted revascularization among patients with partial reperfusion may further diminish post-stroke disability after EVT.
Immediate post-operative aneurysm occlusion after endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with coiling or balloon-assisted coiling in a prospective multicenter cohort of 1189 patients: Analysis of Recanalization after Endovascular Treatment of intracranial Aneurysm (ARETA) Study
Authors: Pierot Laurent , Barbe Coralie , Herbreteau Denis , Gauvrit Jean-Yves , Januel Anne-Christine , Bala Fouzi , Ricolfi Frédéric , Desal Hubert , Velasco Stéphane , Aggour Mohamed , Chabert Emmanuel , Sedat Jacques , Trystram Denis , Marnat Gaultier , Gallas Sophie , Rodesch Georges , Clarençon Frédéric , Papagiannaki Chrysanthi , White Phil , Spelle Laurent 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundCoiling, including balloon-assisted coiling (BAC), is the first-line therapy for ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Its efficacy can be clinically evaluated by bleeding/rebleeding rate after coiling, and anatomically evaluated by aneurysm occlusion post-procedure and during follow-up. We aimed to analyze immediate post-coiling aneurysm occlusion and associated factors within the Analysis of Recanalization after Endovascular Treatment of intracranial Aneurysm (ARETA) population.MethodsBetween December 2013 and May 2015, 16 neurointerventional departments prospectively enrolled participants treated for ruptured and unruptured aneurysms (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT01942512). Participant demographics, aneurysm characteristics, and endovascular techniques were recorded. In patients with aneurysms treated by coiling or BAC, immediate post-operative aneurysm occlusion was independently evaluated by a core lab using a 3-grade scale: complete occlusion, neck remnant, and aneurysm remnant.ResultsOf 1135 participants (age 53.8±12.8 years, 754 women (66.4%)), 1189 aneurysms were analyzed. Treatment modality was standard coiling in 645/1189 aneurysms (54.2%) and BAC in 544/1189 (45.8%). Immediate post-operative aneurysm occlusion was complete occlusion in 57.8%, neck remnant in 34.4%, and aneurysm remnant in 7.8%. Adequate occlusion (complete occlusion or neck remnant) was significantly more frequent in aneurysms with size <10 mm (93.1% vs 86.3%; OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.2; p=0.02) and in aneurysms with a narrow neck (95.8% vs 89.6%; OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5 to 4.1; p=0.0004). Patients aged <70 years had significantly more adequate occlusion (92.7% vs 87.2%; OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.4; p=0.04).ConclusionsImmediately after aneurysm coiling, including BAC, adequate aneurysm occlusion was obtained in 92.2%. Age <70 years, aneurysm size <10 mm, and narrow neck were factors associated with adequate occlusion.Trial registration numberNCT01942512,http://www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Evidence supporting the standardisation of extragenital gonorrhoea and chlamydia screenings for women
Authors: Jann Jamieson Trevor , Cunningham Nicole J , Assaf Ryan D , Bolan Robert K 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveCurrent guidelines for women do not include extragenital screening forChlamydia trachomatis(CT) andNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) and do not mention anal sex behaviour. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the number of potentially missed CT and NG cases by relying on urogenital screening and self-reported anal sex behaviour among women.MethodsDemographic and clinical data of 4658 women attending a community health centre in Los Angeles, California, USA from 2015 to 2018 were examined. CT and NG were detected using nucleic acid amplification test (APTIMA Combo 2, Hologic Gen-Probe, San Diego, California). Demographic and behavioural factors were also examined to assess potentially missed NG/CT cases. Multivariable regression analyses were used to determine whether reported anal sex behaviour predicts NG/CT rectal infection.ResultsA total of 193 NG cases and 552 CT cases were identified; however, 53.9% of NG cases and 25.5% of CT cases were identified exclusively through extragenital screening. Of all positive cases of rectal CT, 87.0% did not report anal sex without a condom and 91.3% did not report any anal sex with their last sexual partner. Of all positive cases of rectal NG, 78.9% did not report anal sex without a condom and 76.3% did not report any anal sex with their last sexual partner. Anal sex with last partner was not predictive of NG/CT rectal infection.ConclusionsRelying solely on urogenital screening and reported behaviour misses NG/CT cases. Extragenital NG/CT screening should be conducted in all women regardless of reported anal sex behaviour.
The mechanisms underlying long-term shaft resistance enhancement of energy pile in clays
Authors: Yazdani Saeed , Helwany Sam , Olgun C. Guney 
Published: December 2020

Although there are several studies indicating that heating increases the long-term shaft resistance of energy piles, the mechanisms by which heating causes this increase have not been adequately evaluated yet. This article presents a comprehensive analysis and discussion to assess the important factors contributing to this increase by integrating the findings from three recently published papers studying the thermo-mechanical behavior of clay and the clay–pile interface. In these three studies, reconstituted kaolin clay was used, and cyclic and monotonic heat ranging between 24 and 34 °C were applied to the clay and interface. The interface was sheared under two stiffness boundary conditions: constant normal stiffness (CNS) and constant normal load (CNL), where normal stresses varied between 100 and 300 kPa. The analysis presented in this article reveals that the increase in strength of the interface under the CNL condition is primarily attributed to clay stiffening at the interface. However, the increase in shaft resistance under the CNS condition is primarily attributed to the heating-induced increase of effective lateral stress, although clay stiffening at the interface also partially contributes to the total increase of shaft resistance.
Changes in light spectra modify secondary compound concentrations and BVOC emissions of Norway spruce seedlings
Authors: Kivimäenpää Minna , Virjamo Virpi , Ghimire Rajendra P. , Holopainen Jarmo K. , Julkunen-Tiitto Riitta , Martz Françoise , Nissinen Katri , Riikonen Johanna 
Published: December 2020

Our objective was to study how changes in the light spectra affect growth; the concentration of carbohydrate, chlorophyll, carotenoid, terpene, alkaloid, and phenolic compounds; and the emissions of BVOC (biogenic volatile organic compound) of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings. This study was conducted during the growth of the third needle generation in plant growth chambers. The plants were exposed to two light spectra with equal photon flux densities but different proportions of blue light (400–500 nm) produced by LED (light-emitting diode) lamps: (i) control (white light + 12% blue light) and (ii) increased blue light (+B) (white light + 45% blue light). The +B treatment increased the concentrations of total flavonoids and acetophenones in needles. The major changes in the phenolic profile were an accumulation of astragalin derivatives and the aglycone of picein. The +B treatment also decreased concentrations of the main alkaloid compound, epidihydropinidine, and its precursor, 2-methyl-6-propyl-1,6-piperideine; the emission rates of limonene, myrcene, and total monoterpenes; and the concentrations of a few terpenoid compounds, mainly in stems. Growth as well as the carbohydrates and pigments present in the needles were not affected. The results suggest that supplemental blue light shifts carbon allocation between secondary metabolism routes — from alkaloid and terpenoid synthesis to flavonoid and acetophenone synthesis. The changes may affect herbivory and abiotic stress tolerance of Norway spruce.
Description of the newly observed $$\Xi _c^{0}$$ states as molecular states
Authors: Zhu HongQiang , Ma NaNa , Huang Yin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVery recently, three new structures$$\Xi _c(2923)^0$$Ξc(2923)0,$$\Xi _c(2938)^0$$Ξc(2938)0, and$$\Xi _c(2964)^0$$Ξc(2964)0at the invariant mass spectrum of$$\Lambda _c^{+}K^{-}$$Λc+K-observed by the LHCb Collaboration trigger a hot discussion about their inner structure. In this work, we study the strong decay mode of the newly observed$$\Xi ^0_c$$Ξc0assuming that the$$\Xi ^0_c$$Ξc0is a$$\bar{D}\Lambda -\bar{D}\Sigma $$D¯Λ-D¯Σmolecular state. With the possible quantum numbers$$J^p=1/2^{\pm }$$Jp=1/2±and$$3/2^{\pm }$$3/2±, the partial decay widths of the$$\bar{D}\Lambda -\bar{D}\Sigma $$D¯Λ-D¯Σmolecular state into the$$\Lambda _c^{+}K^{-}$$Λc+K-,$$\Sigma _c^{+}K^{-}$$Σc+K-,and$$\Xi _c^{+}\pi ^{-}$$Ξc+π-final states through hadronic loop are calculated with the help of the effective Lagrangians. By comparison with the LHCb observation, the current results of total decay width support the$$\Xi _c(2923)^0$$Ξc(2923)0as$$\bar{D}\Lambda -\bar{D}\Sigma $$D¯Λ-D¯Σmolecule while the decay width of the$$\Xi _c(2938)^0$$Ξc(2938)0and$$\Xi _c(2964)^0$$Ξc(2964)0can not be well reproduced in the molecular state picture. In addition, the calculated partial decay widths withSwave$$\bar{D}\Lambda -\bar{D}\Sigma $$D¯Λ-D¯Σmolecular state picture indicate that allowed decay mode,$$\Xi _c^{+}\pi ^{-}$$Ξc+π-, may have the biggest branching ratio for the$$\Xi _c(2923)^0$$Ξc(2923)0. The experimental measurements for this strong decay process could be a crucial test for the molecule interpretation of the$$\Xi _c(2923)^0$$Ξc(2923)0.
Broadband and polarization-mediated unidirectional plasmon polaritons launch based on metallic triangle aperture arrays
Authors: Chen Cong , Xi Jianxin , Chen Panpan , Huang Wanxia , Li Kuanguo , Liang Li , Shi Fenghua , Shi Jianping 
Published: December 2020

The application of the subwavelength planar structure to control the propagation direction of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) has attracted many interests in recent years. However, the traditional unidirectional transmission devices of SPPs are limited by the low extinction ratio, narrow working band and the incapability of controlling the transmission directions. In this study, a novel SPPs unidirectional transmission device based on metallic aperture arrays of the right triangle (RT) is proposed and demonstrated by numerical simulations (finite-difference time-domain method). The maximum extinction ratio of the unidirectional transmission device can reach upto 33 dB under the irradiation of linearly polarized light, and the device possesses a wide operating band ([Formula: see text] nm) while the extinction ratio is greater than 10 dB. Moreover, the transmission direction of SPPs can be flexibly controlled by tuning the polarization of the incident beam. This broadband, polarization-mediated and high extinction ratio unidirectional transmission device shows great potential in the compact plasmonic devices.
Identification and Characterization of Cancer Cells That Initiate Metastases to the Brain and Other Organs
Authors: Berghoff Anna. S. , Liao Yunxiang , Karreman Matthia A. , Ilhan-Mutlu Ayseguel , Gunkel Katharina , Sprick Martin R. , Eisen Christian , Kessler Tobias , Osswald Matthias , Wünsche Susanne , Feinauer Manuel , Gril Brunhilde , Marmé Frederic , Michel Laura L. , Bago-Horvath Zuszanna , Sahm Felix , Becker Natalia , Breckwoldt Michael O. , Solecki Gergely , Gömmel Miriam , Huang Lulu , Rübmann Petra , Thome Carina M. , Ratliff Miriam , Trumpp Andreas , Steeg Patricia S. , Preusser Matthias , Wick Wolfgang , Winkler Frank 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Specific biological properties of those circulating cancer cells that are the origin of brain metastases (BM) are not well understood. Here, single circulating breast cancer cells were fate-tracked during all steps of the brain metastatic cascade in mice after intracardial injection over weeks. A novel in vivo two-photon microscopy methodology was developed that allowed to determine the specific cellular and molecular features of breast cancer cells that homed in the brain, extravasated, and successfully established a brain macrometastasis. Those BM-initiating breast cancer cells (BMIC) were mainly originating from a slow-cycling subpopulation that included only 16% to 20% of all circulating cancer cells. BMICs showed enrichment of various markers of cellular stemness. As a proof of principle for the principal usefulness of this approach, expression profiling of BMICs versus non-BMICs was performed, which revealed upregulation of NDRG1 in the slow-cycling BMIC subpopulation in one BM model. Here, BM development was completely suppressed when NDRG1 expression was downregulated. In accordance, in primary human breast cancer, NDRG1 expression was heterogeneous, and high NDRG1 expression was associated with shorter metastasis-free survival. In conclusion, our data identify temporary slow-cycling breast cancer cells as the dominant source of brain and other metastases and demonstrates that this can lead to better understanding of BMIC-relevant pathways, including potential new approaches to prevent BM in patients.

Implications:
Cancer cells responsible for successful brain metastasis outgrowth are slow cycling and harbor stemness features. The molecular characteristics of these metastasis-initiating cells can be studied using intravital microscopy technology.
Buddhism according to Modern Muslim Exegetes
Authors: Ramli Ahmad Faizuddin , Awang Jaffary , Ab Rahman Zaizul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper offers preliminary notes on Buddhism in modern Muslim exegesis with an emphasis on Tafsir al-Qasimi by Muhammad Jamal al-Din al-Qasimi (1866–1914) and al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qurʾan by Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaʾi (1892–1981). The research adopts a qualitative design using content analysis to collect the data. In this paper two main questions regarding both exegetes will be explored. The first question concerns the sources of both scholars for their information about Buddhism by including the discussion in their exegesis. The second question concerns the methodology they used to discuss Buddhism in the Qurʾan since this has not been done by any classical exegetes nor among the most modern exegetes. Studies have found that the approach of the two exegetes is different from both the classical and modern exegetes because their work also contains resources from the fields of comparative religion and the history of religion to make their work relevant in the current context and reliable to be referred to by any parties. The author concludes that both al-Qasimi and Tabatabaʾi used analysis (taḥlil) in discussing verses related to the position of the Buddha.
Battle of Narratives: Political Memes During the 2019 Ukrainian Presidential Election
Authors: Pidkuĭmukha Liudmyla , Kiss Nadiya 
Published: December 2020

Battle of Narratives: Political Memes During the 2019 Ukrainian Presidential ElectionThe article highlights the peculiarities of political internet memes as information units that shape public opinion. The article also examines the role of memes in society. The research material includes creolized memes (including both verbal and visual elements) about the Ukrainian politicians Petro Poroshenko and Volodymyr Zelenskyi. These memes were created in 2019 during the Ukrainian presidential election. The article firstly focuses on the verbal aspects of the memes and their semantic and functional features. In addition, the peculiarities of opponent image construction are analysed. The article then examines the influence of Ukrainian politicians on the conduct of the “meme war”. The article also sheds light on the role which memes play in the polarization of society. Wojna narratywów: memy polityczne podczas wyborów prezydenckich na Ukrainie w 2019 rokuArtykuł przedstawia cechy politycznych memów internetowych jako jednostek informacji wpływających na świadomość ludzi, a także wyjaśnia ich rolę w społeczeństwie. Materiałem badań były kreolizowane memy (obecność elementów słownych i ikonicznych) o Piotrze Poroszence i Włodzimierzu Zełenskim, wygenerowane podczas kampanii prezydenckiej na Ukrainie w 2019 roku. Główny nacisk położono na werbalny aspekt memu, jego cechy semantyczne i funkcjonalne, przeanalizowano specyfikę konstruowania wizerunku przeciwnika, podkreślono znaczenie ukraińskich polityków w prowadzeniu „wojny memetycznej” oraz wyjaśniono rolę memów w polaryzowaniu społeczeństwa.