bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Evidence for a Role of Spatially Modulated α-Band Activity in Tactile Remapping and Short-Latency, Overt Orienting Behavior
Authors: Ossandón José P. , König Peter , Heed Tobias 
Published: October 2020

Oscillatory α-band activity is commonly associated with spatial attention and multisensory prioritization. It has also been suggested to reflect the automatic transformation of tactile stimuli from a skin-based, somatotopic reference frame into an external one. Previous research has not convincingly separated these two possible roles of α-band activity. Previous experimental paradigms have used artificially long delays between tactile stimuli and behavioral responses to aid relating oscillatory activity to these different events. However, this strategy potentially blurs the temporal relationship of α-band activity relative to behavioral indicators of tactile-spatial transformations. Here, we assessed α-band modulation with massive univariate deconvolution, an analysis approach that disentangles brain signals overlapping in time and space. Thirty-one male and female human participants performed a delay-free, visual search task in which saccade behavior was unrestricted. A tactile cue to uncrossed or crossed hands was either informative or uninformative about visual target location. α-Band suppression following tactile stimulation was lateralized relative to the stimulated hand over central-parietal electrodes but relative to its external location over parieto-occipital electrodes. α-Band suppression reflected external touch location only after informative cues, suggesting that posterior α-band lateralization does not index automatic tactile transformation. Moreover, α-band suppression occurred at the time of, or after, the production of the saccades guided by tactile stimulation. These findings challenge the idea that α-band activity is directly involved in tactile-spatial transformation and suggest instead that it reflects delayed, supramodal processes related to attentional reorienting.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLocalizing a touch in space requires integrating somatosensory information about skin location and proprioceptive or visual information about posture. The automatic remapping between skin-based tactile information to a location in external space has been proposed to rely on the modulation of oscillatory brain activity in the α-band range, across the multiple cortical areas that are involved in tactile, multisensory, and spatial processing. We report two findings that are inconsistent with this view. First, α-band activity reflected the remapped stimulus location only when touch was task relevant. Second, α-band modulation occurred too late to account for spatially directed behavioral responses and, thus, only after remapping must have taken place. These characteristics contradict the idea that α-band directly reflects automatic tactile remapping processes.
Excitation-Inhibition Imbalance Leads to Alteration of Neuronal Coherence and Neurovascular Coupling under Acute Stress
Authors: Han Kayoung , Lee Myunghee , Lim Hyun-Kyoung , Jang Minwoo Wendy , Kwon Jea , Lee C. Justin , Kim Seong-Gi , Suh Minah 
Published: October 2020

A single stressful event can cause morphologic and functional changes in neurons and even malfunction of vascular systems, which can lead to acute stress disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding how acute stress impacts neuronal activity, the concurrent vascular response, and the relationship between these two factors, which is defined as neurovascular coupling. Here, usingin vivotwo-photon imaging, we found that NMDA-evoked calcium transients of excitatory neurons were impaired and that vasodilation of penetrating arterioles was concomitantly disrupted in acutely stressed male mice. Furthermore, acute stress altered the relationship between excitatory neuronal calcium coherence and vascular responses. By measuring NMDA-evoked excitatory and inhibitory neuronal calcium activity in acute brain slices, we confirmed that neuronal coherence both between excitatory neurons and between excitatory and inhibitory neurons was reduced by acute stress but restored by blockade of glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Furthermore, the ratio of sEPSCs to sIPSCs was altered by acute stress, suggesting that the excitation-inhibition balance was disrupted by acute stress. In summary,in vivo,ex vivo, and whole-cell recording studies demonstrate that acute stress modifies excitatory-inhibitory neuronal coherence, disrupts the excitation-inhibition balance, and causes consequent neurovascular coupling changes, providing critical insights into the neural mechanism of stress-induced disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAcute stress can cause pathologic conditions, such as acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, by affecting the functions of neurons and blood vessels. However, investigations into the impacts of acute stress on neurovascular coupling, the tight connection between local neural activity and subsequent blood flow changes, are lacking. Through investigations at thein vivo,ex vivo, and whole-cell recording levels, we found that acute stress alters the NMDA-evoked vascular response, impairs the function and coherence of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and disrupts the excitatory and inhibitory balance. These novel findings provide insights into the relevance of the excitatory-inhibitory balance, neuronal coherence, and neurovascular coupling to stress-induced disorders.
Protección del derecho a la propiedad privada de las personas naturales accionistas y socias de empresas en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Rincón Tatiana 
Published: October 2020

The article reviews the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the protection of the right to property of natural person shareholders of companies. The objective is to evidence the manner in which this Court has protected the right, despite the provision of Article 1.2 of the American Convention that excludes the recognition of rights of legal persons. The present work argues that the Inter-American Court has managed to protect the right to private property of natural person shareholders in two ways. First, through the distinction it has made between the rights of the natural person as a partner or shareholder of a company and the rights of the company itself as a legal person. Secondly, through the interpretation it has made regarding the exhaustion of domestic remedies, as an admissibility requirement set forth in Article 46.1.a) of the American Convention, when such remedies can only be exhausted by the legal person and not by shareholders, when distinguishing between the analysis of the exhaustion of resources and the analysis of the ownership of the rights of legal persons. In this manner, the Court has eliminated access barriers to the organs of the Inter-American Human Rights System and has reaffirmed the object and purpose of the Convention as an instrument that recognizes and protects the human rights of all natural persons.
2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations
Authors: Wyckoff Myra H. , Weiner Chair; Gary M. ,   On behalf of the Neonatal Life Support Collaborators
Published: October 2020

This 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) for neonatal life support includes evidence from 7 systematic reviews, 3 scoping reviews, and 12 evidence updates. The Neonatal Life Support Task Force generally determined by consensus the type of evidence evaluation to perform; the topics for the evidence updates followed consultation with International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation member resuscitation councils. The 2020 CoSTRs for neonatal life support are published either as new statements or, if appropriate, reiterations of existing statements when the task force found they remained valid.Evidence review topics of particular interest include the use of suction in the presence of both clear and meconium-stained amniotic fluid, sustained inflations for initiation of positive-pressure ventilation, initial oxygen concentrations for initiation of resuscitation in both preterm and term infants, use of epinephrine (adrenaline) when ventilation and compressions fail to stabilize the newborn infant, appropriate routes of drug delivery during resuscitation, and consideration of when it is appropriate to redirect resuscitation efforts after significant efforts have failed.All sections of the Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm are addressed, from preparation through to postresuscitation care. This document now forms the basis for ongoing evidence evaluation and reevaluation, which will be triggered as further evidence is published.Over 140 million babies are born annually worldwide (https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/births-and-deaths-projected-to-2100). If up to 5% receive positive-pressure ventilation, this evidence evaluation is relevant to more than 7 million newborn infants every year. However, in terms of early care of the newborn infant, some of the topics addressed are relevant to every single baby born.
Earthquake Magnitude Scaling Using Peak Ground Velocity Derived from High-Rate GNSS Observations
Authors: Fang Rongxin , Zheng Jiawei , Geng Jianghui , Shu Yuanming , Shi Chuang , Liu Jingnan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRapid response to destructive tsunami and seismic events requires rapid determination of the earthquake magnitude. We propose a new method that employs peak ground velocities (PGVs) derived from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data to estimate earthquake magnitudes. With a total of 1434 records from 22 events as the constraints, we perform the regression and obtain a PGV scaling law for magnitude determination. The advantage of the new method is that the PGVs are extracted from the GNSS velocity waveforms, which can be easily computed using broadcast GNSS ephemeris. In contrast, the peak ground displacement (PGD) depends on a sophisticated high-precision GNSS-processing subject to external correction data, realization of which cannot be kept robust constantly, especially in real time. The results show that the PGV magnitudes agree with reported moment magnitudes with mean absolute deviation of 0.26 magnitude units for the 22 events and also agree well with the PGD magnitude. We further demonstrate that GNSS-derived PGV and the modified Mercalli intensity values can be consistent with their counterparts from the U.S. Geological Survey ShakeMap products and therefore the GNSS-derived PGVs have the potential to be included in the ShakeMap as a complementary constraint, especially in areas with sparse seismic station coverage for large earthquake.
Understanding Seismic Waves Generated by Train Traffic via Modeling: Implications for Seismic Imaging and Monitoring
Authors: Lavoué François , Coutant Olivier , Boué Pierre , Pinzon-Rincon Laura , Brenguier Florent , Brossier Romain , Dales Philippe , Rezaeifar Meysam , Bean Christopher J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Trains are now recognized as powerful sources for seismic interferometry based on noise correlation, but the optimal use of these signals still requires a better understanding of their source mechanisms. Here, we present a simple approach for modeling train-generated signals inspired by early work in the engineering community, assuming that seismic waves are emitted by sleepers regularly spaced along the railway and excited by passing train wheels. Our modeling reproduces well seismological observations of tremor-like emergent signals and of their harmonic spectra. We illustrate how these spectra are modulated by wheel spacing, and how their high-frequency content is controlled by the distribution of axle loads over the rail, which mainly depends on ground stiffness beneath the railway. This is summarized as a simple rule of thumb that predicts the frequency bands in which most of train-radiated energy is expected, as a function of train speed and of axle distance within bogies. Furthermore, we identify two end-member mechanisms—single stationary source versus single moving load—that explain two types of documented observations, characterized by different spectral signatures related to train speed and either wagon length or sleeper spacing. In view of using train-generated signals for seismic applications, an important conclusion is that the frequency content of the signals is dominated by high-frequency harmonics and not by fundamental modes of vibrations. Consequently, most train traffic worldwide is expected to generate signals with a significant high-frequency content, in particular in the case of trains traveling at variable speeds that produce truly broadband signals. Proposing a framework for predicting train-generated seismic wavefields over meters to kilometers distance from railways, this work paves the way for high-resolution passive seismic imaging and monitoring at different scales with applications to near-surface surveys (aquifers, civil engineering), natural resources exploration, and natural hazard studies (landslides, earthquakes, and volcanoes).
Semisupervised Learning for Seismic Monitoring Applications
Authors: Linville Lisa , Anderson Dylan , Michalenko Joshua , Galasso Jennifer , Draelos Timothy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The impressive performance that deep neural networks demonstrate on a range of seismic monitoring tasks depends largely on the availability of event catalogs that have been manually curated over many years or decades. However, the quality, duration, and availability of seismic event catalogs vary significantly across the range of monitoring operations, regions, and objectives. Semisupervised learning (SSL) enables learning from both labeled and unlabeled data and provides a framework to leverage the abundance of unreviewed seismic data for training deep neural networks on a variety of target tasks. We apply two SSL algorithms (mean-teacher and virtual adversarial training) as well as a novel hybrid technique (exponential average adversarial training) to seismic event classification to examine how unlabeled data with SSL can enhance model performance. In general, we find that SSL can perform as well as supervised learning with fewer labels. We also observe in some scenarios that almost half of the benefits of SSL are the result of the meaningful regularization enforced through SSL techniques and may not be attributable to unlabeled data directly. Lastly, the benefits from unlabeled data scale with the difficulty of the predictive task when we evaluate the use of unlabeled data to characterize sources in new geographic regions. In geographic areas where supervised model performance is low, SSL significantly increases the accuracy of source-type classification using unlabeled data.
A Comparative Study of Transfusion Reactions in the Thalassemia Patients before and after Implementation of the Hemovigilance System in Yazd Province, Iran
Authors: Abbasinejad Fatemeh , Javadzadeh Shashshahani Hayedeh , Akhavan Ghalibaf Mahvash 
Published: October 2020

Background: Patients with thalassemia major require frequent blood transfusions. Blood transfusion can lead to the adverse reactions. Reporting and evaluating the transfusion reactions are among the goals of implementing the hemovigilance system to improve blood recipients’ safety. This study aimed to compare the transfusion reactions in the thalassemia patients before and after implementation of the hemovigilance system in the Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd (Iran).
Materials and Methods: In this historical cohort study conducted in 2018, the data of 87 patients with thalassemia major including age, sex, the total number of blood transfusions before and after the implementation of hemovigilance system, information about the occurrence of blood transfusion reactions, type, and severity of each reaction were recorded in the questionnaire. Paired-Samples T-test and Chi-Square test were used for data analysis.
Results: The mean age of the participants was equal to 19.69±8.41 years old and 52% of them were male. The age of onset of transfusion was 14.3±16.62 months with a range of 2 - 96 months. The relative frequency of transfusion reactions in the thalassemia patients was 0.74% and 0.81%, respectively before and after implementation of the hemovigilance system. Allergic (54%) and non-hemolytic febrile reactions (23%) were the most frequent transfusion reactions. Severe and life-threatening reactions were reported more frequently after implementation of the hemovigilance system compared to pre-implementation (p=0.007). Totally, 8% of the reactions were hemolytic reactions and 7.5% of the patients had unexpected alloantibodies identified after implementation of the hemovigilance system.
Conclusion: Documentation and reporting of the transfusion reactions after implementation of the hemovigilance system have resulted in reporting of more severe reactions and determination of the clinically significant alloantibodies. Therefore, prevention of the subsequent reactions and increasing the safety of the blood transfusion for the thalassemia patients could be provided, emphasizing the continuation of the system.
Tropical Conditions and Outbreak of COVID-19
Authors: Battineni Gopi , Chintalapudi Nalini , Amenta Francesco 
Published: October 2020

Background: The new novel Coronavirus 2019 (nCOV-19 or COVID-19) has caused an unprecedented pandemic in humans. All nations have heightened their surveillances after the quick diagnosis of potential cases of the COVID-19.
Objectives: Recent statistics have mentioned that virus outbreak in tropical countries is relatively low compared to cold nations. To support this conclusion, we considered the six main tropical regions to investigate the pandemic distribution at the initial phase.
Methods: Chi-square test was applied to understand the correlation between outbreak and temperature changes. Significant probability P-value was set to P<0.01. P-values were calculated to both positive and death cases.
Results: Out of 1211562 infected cases, 41776 cases (3.45%) were registered at high-temperature countries (P<0.0001) and 1161786 cases (96.55%) at other countries like European countries or the USA. Moreover, only 1433 mortality cases (2.2%) happened, and the remaining 97.8% of mortality happened among other nations.
Conclusion: Similar to other respiratory viruses like flu and influenza, there is a low outbreak of COVID-19 in tropical nations compared to the other countries. Apart from weather conditions, it is also recommended to follow the serious preventive measures imposed by governments to survive this novel epidemic.
Vergonha e segredo no contexto da família com um membro no cárcere
Authors: Bucher-Maluschke Julia Sursis Nobre Ferro , Capeleiro Gabrielle , Silva Jonas Carvalho e 
Published: October 2020

Este é um estudo de caso realizado com uma mulher de 25 anos, durante o primeiro semestre de 2019, cujo objetivo é compreender o surgimento e a manutenção de segredos familiares envolvidos pelo sentimento de vergonha quando o cárcere se torna uma demonstração da situação de vulnerabilidade social. Foi realizada uma entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado para elaboração dos instrumentos: Genograma, Ecomapa e Ciclo Vital da entrevistada e de sua família. A descrição do caso se deu em dois aspectos: Período anterior ao delito, o delito e a prisão; e, Relações com familiares e amigos. Verificou-se que o sentimento de vergonha diante da prisão, a organização de segredos intrafamiliar e a incerteza da manutenção desse segredo ao longo da vida. Destarte, a comunicação se apresentou como complicadora dos processos de resiliência na família.
Fish Biodiversity in the Swamp Ecosystem of Barumun River Area
Authors: Khairul Khairul , Khairul Khairul 
Published: October 2020

Swamp flooded is a habitat of various types of fish, which as an feeding ground, shelter, and reproduction. Diversity of fish types has been utilized by the people to catch fish, as a material of consumption and economic income. One of the flooded swamp that people have utilized in the Barumun River area. The purpose of this research is to know the biodiversity of fish in the swamp flooded Barumun River. This research is explorative, with the determination of observation stations with purposive sampling methods. Fish are captured using hand cast fishing nets, fishing rods, and gill nets. Fish are identified using relevant books. Total fishing catches during the study amounted to 298 individuals consisting of 13 genera and 17 speisies. The average value of the Keanakaragaman index is 1,85 with a low cathedral. The average value of uniformity index (E ') is 0,67 in medium category. The average value of the Dominancy index (C) is 0,027 in low category. Based on the results of the study concluded the waters of Rawa Sungai Barumun has suffered disruption due to land function and pollution. This is evidenced by the Oil Palm Factory PT. Nubika Jaya and palm plantations area.
In Situ Geochemical Compositions of the Minerals in Basaltic Rocks from the West Philippine Basin: Constraints on Source Lithology and Magmatic Processes
Authors: Yuan Long , Yan Quanshu , Liu Yanguang , Wu Shiying , Wang Ruirui , Shi Xuefa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Since the early Cenozoic, the West Philippine Basin (WPB) and the whole Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) has undergone a complex geological evolution. In this study, we presented K-Ar ages, in situ trace element, and major element compositions of minerals of basalts collected from the Benham Rise and the Central Basin Fault (CBF) in the WPB, to constrain their magmatic process and regional geological evolution. Olivine phenocrysts and microlites in the alkali basalts (20.9 Ma) from the Benham Rise have forsterite (Fo) contents of 56.90%–76.10% and 53.13%-66.41%, respectively. The clinopyroxenes in the tholeiites (29.1 Ma) from the CBF is predominantly diopside and augite, and it is depleted in light rare earth elements (LREEs) (LaN/YbN=0.13–3.40) and large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs). The plagioclases in the basalts from both of the Benham Rise and the CBF are predominantly labradorite and andesine, with a minor amount of bytownite, and it is enriched in LREEs, Ba, Sr, and Pb and exhibits strong positive Eu anomalies. However, there exist obvious differences in plagioclase compositions between these two tectonic sites. The source lithology of the Benham Rise basaltic rocks could be garnet pyroxenite, and yet that of the CBF could be spinel-lherzolite. The calculated mantle potential temperature beneath the Benham Rise is 1439°C–1473°C, which is significantly higher than that beneath the CBF (1345°C–1381°C), suggesting there existed thermal anomaly beneath the Rise during basaltic magmatism. This study also calculated the temperature and pressure of the clinopyroxenes and plagioclases, which have been used to indicate magmatic processes. Finally, we suggest that the Benham Rise basaltic rocks may be related to a mantle plume (e.g., the Oki-Daito mantle plume), and the CBF was once located in a back-arc spreading center behind an active subduction zone. The extinction of the Oki-Daito mantle plume activity might be at about 20.9 Ma, and cessation of the back-arc spreading of WPB was at about 29.1 Ma or younger.