bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonging the integrated stress response enhances CNS remyelination in an inflammatory environment
Authors: Chen Yanan , Kunjamma Rejani B , Weiner Molly , Chan Jonah R. , Popko Brian 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe inflammatory environment of demyelinated lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients contributes to remyelination failure. Inflammation activates a cytoprotective pathway, the integrated stress response (ISR), but it remains unclear whether enhancing the ISR can improve remyelination in an inflammatory environment. To examine this possibility, the remyelination stage of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), as well as a mouse model that incorporates cuprizone-induced demyelination along with CNS delivery of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ were used here. We demonstrate that either genetic or pharmacological ISR enhancement significantly increased the number of remyelinating oligodendrocytes and remyelinated axons in the inflammatory lesions. Moreover, the combined treatment of Sephin1 with the oligodendrocyte differentiation enhancing reagent bazedoxifene increased myelin thickness of remyelinated axons to pre-lesion levels. Taken together, our findings indicate that prolonging the ISR protects remyelinating oligodendrocytes and promotes remyelination in the presence of inflammation, suggesting that ISR enhancement may provide reparative benefit to MS patients.
Rapid expression of COVID-19 proteins by transient expression in tobacco
Authors: Lindsay Penelope , Ackerman Amanda , Jian Yinan , Artz Oliver , Rosado Daniele , Skopelitis Tara , Kitagawa Munenori , Pedmale Ullas V. , Jackson David 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTIn 2020 we suffered from a major global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Efforts to contain the virus include the development of rapid tests and vaccines, which require a ready supply of viral proteins. Here we report the production of two SARS-CoV-2 proteins by transient transformation of tobacco, leading to high expression within three days, and subsequent purification of the intact proteins. Such efforts may help to develop testing resources to alleviate the major impacts of this global pandemic.
Experimental assessment of K locus effects on the gray wolf response to virus
Authors: Johnston Rachel A. , Rheinwald James G. , vonHoldt Bridgett M. , Stahler Daniel R. , Lowry William , Tung Jenny , Wayne Robert K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn North American gray wolves, black coat color is dominantly inherited via a three base pair coding deletion in thecanine beta defensin 3(CBD103) gene. This three base pair deletion, called theKBallele, was introduced through hybridization with dogs and subsequently underwent a selective sweep that increased its frequency in wild wolves. Despite apparent positive selection,KBBwolves have significantly lower fitness than wolves with theKyBgenotype, even though the two genotypes show no observable differences in black coat color. Thus, theKBallele is thought to have pleiotropic effects on as-yet unknown phenotypes. Given the role of skin-expressedCBD103in innate immunity, we hypothesized that theKBallele influences the gene regulatory response to viral infection. To test this hypothesis, we developed a panel of primary epidermal keratinocyte cell cultures from 24 wild North American gray wolves (bothKyyandKyBgenotypes) and generated immortalizedKyyandCBD103knockout lines. We assessed the transcriptome-wide responses of wolf keratinocytes to polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (polyI:C), which mimics infection by a double-stranded RNA virus, and to live canine distemper virus. Keratinocytes with theKyBgenotype and with theKyygenotype had similar gene regulatory responses to viral infection, suggesting that this response does not explain pleiotropic effects of theKBallele on fitness. This study supports the feasibility of using cell culture methods to investigate the phenotypic effects of naturally occurring genetic variation in wild mammals.
Structural basis for +1 ribosomal frameshifting during EF-G-catalyzed translocation
Authors: Demo Gabriel , Loveland Anna B. , Svidritskiy Egor , Gamper Howard B. , Hou Ya-Ming , Korostelev Andrei A. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTFrameshifting of mRNA during translation provides a strategy to expand the coding repertoire of cells and viruses. Where and how in the elongation cycle +1-frameshifting occurs remains poorly understood. We captured six ∼3.5-Å-resolution cryo-EM structures of ribosomal elongation complexes formed with the GTPase elongation factor G (EF-G). Three structures with a +1-frameshifting-prone mRNA reveal that frameshifting takes place during translocation of tRNA and mRNA. Prior to EF-G binding, the pre-translocation complex features an in-frame tRNA-mRNA pairing in the A site. In the partially translocated structure with EF-G, the tRNA shifts to the +1-frame codon near the P site, whereas the freed mRNA base bulges between the P and E sites and stacks on the 16S rRNA nucleotide G926. The ribosome remains frameshifted in the nearly post-translocation state. Our findings demonstrate that the ribosome and EF-G cooperate to induce +1 frameshifting during mRNA translocation.
scRNA-seq-based analysis of skeletal muscle response to denervation reveals selective activation of muscle-resident glial cells and fibroblasts
Authors: Nicoletti C , Wei X , Etxaniz U. , Proietti D , Madaro L. , Puri P.L. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryDevelopmental synaptogenesis toward formation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) is regulated by the reciprocal exchange of signals derived from nerve or muscle ends, respectively. These signals are re-deployed in adult life to repair NMJ lesions. The emerging heterogeneity of skeletal muscle cellular composition and the functional interplay between different muscle-resident cell types activated in response to homeostatic perturbations challenge the traditional notion that muscle-derived signals uniquely derive from myofibers. We have used single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) for a longitudinal analysis of gene expression profiles in cells isolated from skeletal muscles subjected to denervation by complete sciatic nerve transection. Our data show that, unlike muscle injury, which massively activates multiple muscle-resident cell types, denervation selectively induced the expansion of two cell types - muscle glial cells and activated fibroblasts. These cells were also identified as putative sources of muscle-derived signals implicated in NMJ repair and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. Pseudo-time analysis of gene expression in muscle glial-derived cells at sequential timepoints post-denervation revealed an initial bifurcation into distinct processes related to either cellular de-differentiation and commitment to specialized cell types, such as Schwann cells, or ECM remodeling. However, at later time points muscle glial-derived cells appear to adopt a more uniform pattern of gene expression, dominated by a reduction of neurogenic signals. Consensual activation of pro-fibrotic and pro-atrophic genes from fibroblasts and other muscle-resident cell types suggests a global conversion of denervated muscles into an environment hostile for NMJ repair, while conductive for progressive development of fibrosis and myofiber atrophy.
Calculative measures of organising and decision-making in developing countries: the case of a quasi-formal organisation in Ghana
Authors: Agyemang Jacob , Jayasinghe Kelum , Adhikari Pawan , Tunyi Abongeh , Carmel Simon 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper examines how a “quasi-formal” organisation in a developing country engages in informal means of organising and decision-making through the use of calculative measures.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a case study of a large-scale indigenous manufacturing company in Ghana. Data for the study were collected through the use of semi-structured interviews conducted both onsite and off-site, supplemented by informal conversations and documentary analysis. Weber's notions of rationalities and traditionalism informed the analysis.FindingsThe paper advances knowledge about the practical day-to-day organisation of resources and the associated substantive rational calculative measures used for decision-making in quasi-formal organisations operating in a traditional setting. Instead of formal rational organisational mechanisms such as hierarchical organisational structures, production planning, labour controls and budgetary practices, the organisational mechanisms are found to be shaped by institutional and structural conditions which result from historical, sociocultural and traditional practices of Ghanaian society. These contextual substantive rational calculative measures consist of the native lineage system of inheritance, chieftaincy, trust and the power concealed within historically established sociocultural practices.Originality/valueThis paper is one of a few studies providing evidence of how local and traditional social practices contribute to shaping organising and decision-making activities in indigenous “quasi-formal” organisations. The paper extends our understanding of the nexus between “technical rational” calculative measures and the traditional culture and social practices prevailing in sub-Saharan Africa in general, and Ghana in particular.
Chief marketing officer and internationalization—a resource-based view
Authors: Fong Cher-Min , Chang Hsing-Hua Stella 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study aims to examine whether the selection of a new outsider chief marketing officer from a developed-country incumbent firm with an established brand can serve as an alternative strategy to the acquisition of developed-country firms in benefiting the internationalization of a postselection emerging-market brand marketer that suffers from late-mover disadvantages.Design/methodology/approachA pretest (survey) and two main studies (experiments) were conducted to examine the proposed mediation model of “Chief Marketing Officer background—enhancement of capabilities—brand competitiveness”.FindingsAn emerging-market brand marketer gains enhanced resources and capabilities when a new chief marketing officer is recruited from a developed-country incumbent with a superior reputation, leading to improved brand competitiveness. This positive effect accrues from the new chief marketing officer's background (i.e. prior work organization) spilling over to his/her new emerging-market employer.Originality/valueThis research integrates the research streams of emerging-market firm internationalization, chief marketing officer and executive succession to provide an alternative strategy for emerging-market firms to overcome late-mover disadvantages in global markets.
An improved energy prediction method to predict the fatigue life of laminated rubber-alloy spherical thrust elastomeric bearing under multiaxial loads
Authors: Yi Jianlei , Jin Kunjian , Qin Haiying , Cui Yuhong 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
An ideal method for predicting the fatigue life of spherical thrust elastomeric bearings has not been reported, thus far. This paper aims to present a method for predicting the fatigue life of laminated rubber spherical thrust elastomeric bearings.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the mechanical properties of standard rubber samples were tested; the axial stiffness, cocking stiffness, torsional stiffness and fatigue life of several full-size spherical thrust elastomeric bearings were tested. Then, the stiffness results were calculated using the neo-Hookean, Mooney–Rivlin and Yoeh models. Using a modified Mooney–Rivlin constitutive model, this paper proposes an improved method for fatigue life prediction, which considers the laminated characteristics of a spherical thrust elastomeric bearing and loads of multiple multi-axle conditions.

Findings
The Mooney–Rivlin model could accurately describe the stiffness characteristics of the spherical thrust elastomeric bearings. A comparative analysis of experimental results shows that the model can effectively predict the life of a spherical thrust elastomeric bearing within its range of use and the prediction error is within 20%.

Originality/value
The fatigue parameters of elastomeric bearings under multiaxial loads were fitted and corrected using experimental data and an accurate and effective multiaxial fatigue-life prediction expression was obtained. Finally, the software was redeveloped to improve the flexibility and efficiency of modeling and calculation.
Fundamental parameters for a minimal mass design of prismatic tensegrity cylinder subjected to a compressive force
Authors: Vumiliya Angelo , Luo Ani , Liu Heping , González Andrés 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a study on the static behavior of prismatic tensegrity structures and an innovative form for determining the effect of mechanical properties and geometric parameters on the minimal mass design of these structures.

Design/methodology/approach
The minimal mass design in this paper considers a stable class-two tensegrity tower built through stable models. Using the proposed structures, comprehensive parametric studies are performed to examine the mass (in which the masses of joints are ignored), the mass ratio between a class-two tensegrity tower and a single element, both having the same diameter and length and afterward determine a reliable mass saving structure under various circumstances.

Findings
The simulations show that the mass ratio versus the number of units is a nonlinear regressive curve and predicts that the proposed model outperforms the standard model when the variation parameter considered is a vertical force. The difference in mass between these structures is visible when the gap gradually decreases while the number of units increases. On the geometrical aspect, the gap between the masses is not significant.

Originality/value
This paper helps to understand the influences of geometric parameters and the mechanical properties on the design of cylinder tensegrity structures dealing with a compressive force.
Why amending building codes? An investigation of the benefits of regular building code amendment in New Zealand
Authors: Nwadike Amarachukwu Nnadozie , Wilkinson Suzanne 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe New Zealand building code has played a vital role in reducing the impact of disasters in the built environment. Following the nature of earthquake occurrences, the associated impacts such as building collapse and the increase in technological innovation in the building sector, the New Zealand building code has been frequently amended. The building code amendment ensures that buildings and other related infrastructures can withstand the impact of ground shaking without substantial damages to buildings. The purpose of this paper is to identify and explore the benefits of building code amendments in New Zealand.Design/methodology/approachDocument analysis and closed-ended questionnaire were adopted as data collection instruments for this study. The relevant stakeholders comprise structural engineer, geotechnical engineer, architect, building services consulting engineer, licensed building practitioner, project manager, building contractor, local authority, academic/researcher and quantity surveyor.FindingsA significant proportion of the survey participants that agreed to the importance of building code amendments in New Zealand justify the benefits of the amendments. The study serves as a useful guide to policy regulators and researchers who are exploring other aspects of regular building code amendments in New Zealand. The findings from this study suggest that amending the New Zealand building code needs a proactive approach to promote local technology, enhance low-cost construction materials, training of code users and reducing bureaucracy in design approval and construction inspection. The study concludes that improving on the 28 factors identified in this study would contribute intensively to disaster risk reduction in the built environment and an increase in compliance level in New Zealand.Originality/valueThis paper originality comes from its practical approach towards identifying the benefits of building code amendments
Managing NHS money in Portugal: who decides?
Authors: Reis Ana Maria , Pinto Borges Ana , Araújo Nuno 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe need to reduce health expenditures raises the discussion on rationing possibilities and there is a growing interest in considering society's perspectives. The aim of this paper was to evaluate Portuguese citizens' opinion regarding the imposition of limits on National Health Service (NHS) spending. We also asked who decides how NHS money is spent, in order to obtain the respondents' views on public involvement.Design/methodology/approachAn online questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics, factorial analysis and a logit model were applied.FindingsOur results showed that most of the respondents believe citizens have low participation on NHS' financial decisions, confirming the lack of public involvement. Health professionals are more likely to agree with limits on NHS spending, which could indicate potential inefficiencies.Practical implicationsFrom a health policy perspective, we have concluded that different stakeholders should be involved before deciding how public spending limits should be implemented. Health professionals' perspectives should be considered, taking advantage of their experience.Originality/valueThe main novelty of this paper is the evaluation of whether there should be limits on NHS spending, comparing health professionals and non-health professionals.
The positioning of green brands in enhancing their image: the mediating roles of green brand innovativeness and green perceived value
Authors: Lin Jialing , Zhou Zhimin 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate how green brand positioning facilitated by utilitarian environmental benefits and nature connectedness may influence green brand image, as mediated by green perceived value (GPV) and brand innovativeness and how brand type moderates these relationships.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using an online survey method, and structural equation modeling was employed to test the research hypotheses with a sample of 826 Chinese respondents.FindingsThe results demonstrate that utilitarian environmental benefits directly enhance green brand image. Both utilitarian environmental benefits and nature connectedness indirectly influence green brand image through GPV and brand innovativeness. Subsequently, green brand innovativeness positively affects GPV. The moderating effects of brand type on the relationships in the model are also established.Practical implicationsOrganisations should enhance green value and brand innovativeness when adopting green brand positioning tools to strengthen green brand image and implement diverse green branding strategies between brands of physical goods and services.Originality/valueAlthough previous studies have investigated how perceived benefits affect the development of brand image, the issue has not been examined based on the human associative memory framework from a green branding perspective. No empirical study has simultaneously included both green brand innovativeness and GPV in this formation process. Additionally, the moderating role of brand type in the model has not been explored previously.
Analysis of the causal effects of imports and foreign direct investments on indigenous innovation in developing countries
Authors: Asunka Benjamin Azembila , Ma Zhiqiang , Li Mingxing , Amowine Nelson , Anaba Oswin Aganda , Xie Haoyang , Hu Weijun 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of indigenous innovation in developing countries in the era of trade liberalization. It analyzes indigenous innovation from research and development (R&D) investments to innovation output and its effect on economic growth.Design/methodology/approachThe sample for this study includes 20 middle-income countries across five continents for the period between 1994 and 2018. The study employs the Crepon Duguet and Mairessec CDM model in a panel data setting to do a multistage analysis of the innovation process. A vector error correction model VECM is employed to test for Granger causality between the variables investigated.FindingsThe results show that imports and foreign direct investments (FDI) have generally have short-run and long-run causal effects on domestic R&D investments. In regions where imports and FDI do not have individual causal effects on innovation output, a joint increase in each of them and R&D have both short-run and long-run causal effects. Indigenous innovation is a significant contributor to economic growth when a country can produce and export novel products.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample is only limited to developing economies, and due to the unavailability of data, only 20 countries were captured.Practical implicationsImported products and FDI are critical to the innovation drive when such activities are targeted at enhancing indigenous innovation from R&D to the production of new products. Hence, policy formulation should encourage the absorption of foreign technologies that serve as inputs to indigenous innovation.Originality/valueThis paper focuses specifically on indigenous innovation and analyses the influence of foreign technologies in this effort. It tests the moderating roles of imports and FDI in the relationship between R&D and innovation output, concluding that both variables enhance the effect of R&D on innovation output.
A moderated mediating mechanism of omnichannel customer experiences
Authors: Le Angelina Nhat Hanh , Nguyen-Le Xuan-Doanh 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to create a well-integrated and unified customer experience anytime, anywhere, through any channel is the leading objective of omnichannel retailers. Scholars advocate the crucial role of channel integration quality (CIQ)–specifically its components of channel-service configuration and integrated interactions–in formulating the customer experience, which in turn determines their patronage intention. However, a dearth of research exists on the dynamic nature of this particular mechanism. The potential mediating and moderating effects of customer empowerment and Internet usage have hardly been considered at all in the context of omnichannel retailing. These research gaps will be addressed in this study.Design/methodology/approachBased on a data set of 312 omnichannel customers, the partial least square–structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the hypothesised relationships.FindingsThe results reveal the dynamic mechanism in which channel-service configuration and integrated interactions are the key factors that not only directly enable omnichannel retailers to deliver customers with a seamless shopping experience but also empower customers to shape their own consumption experiences. The findings also demonstrate the contingency role of consumers' Internet usage in such a dynamic mechanism. Finally, the notion that a strong customer experience increases their intention for patronage is supported by the empirical evidence.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature by quantitatively examining the moderated mediating mechanism of forming customer experience and its subsequent patronage behaviour in the context of omnichannel retailers.