bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost–utility analysis of antibiotic treatment in patients with chronic low back pain and Modic changes: results from a randomised, placebo-controlled trial in Norway (the AIM study)
Authors: Grotle Margreth , Bråten Lars Christian , Brox Jens Ivar , Espeland Ansgar , Zolic-Karlsson Zinajda , Munk Killingmo Rikke , Tingulstad Alexander , Grøvle Lars , Froholdt Anne , Kristoffersen Per Martin , Wigemyr Monica , van Tulder Maurits W , Storheim Kjersti , Zwart John-Anker 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cost–utility of 100 days of antibiotics in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) and type I or II Modic changes included in the Antibiotic treatment In patients with chronic low back pain and Modic changes (AIM) study.DesignA cost–utility analysis from a societal and healthcare perspective alongside a double-blinded, parallel group, placebo, multicentre trial.SettingHospital outpatient clinics at six hospitals in Norway. The main results from the AIM study showed a small effect in back-related disability in favour of the antibiotics group, and slightly larger in those with type I Modic changes, but this effect was below the pre-defined threshold for clinically relevant effect.Participants180 patients with chronic LBP, previous disc herniation and Modic changes type I (n=118) or type II (n=62) were randomised to antibiotic treatment (n=89) or placebo-control (n=91).InterventionsOral treatment with either 750 mg amoxicillin or placebo three times daily for 100 days.Main outcome measuresQuality-adjusted life years (QALYs) by EuroQoL-5D over 12 months and costs for healthcare and productivity loss measured in Euro (€1=NOK 10), in the intention-to-treat population. Cost–utility was expressed in incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).ResultsMean (SD) total cost was €21 046 (20 105) in the amoxicillin group and €19 076 (19 356) in the placebo group, mean difference €1970 (95% CI; −3835 to 7774). Cost per QALY gained was €24 625. In those with type I Modic changes, the amoxicillin group had higher healthcare consumption than the placebo group, resulting in €39 425 per QALY gained. Given these ICERs and a willingness-to-pay threshold of €27 500 (NOK 275 000), the probability of amoxicillin being cost-effective was 51%. Even when the willingness-to-pay threshold increased to €55 000, the probability of amoxicillin being cost-effective was never higher than 53%.ConclusionsAmoxicillin treatment showed no evidence of being cost-effective for people with chronic LBP and Modic changes during 1-year follow-up.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.govNCT02323412.
Role of the intelligent exercise rehabilitation management system on adherence of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary heart disease: a randomised controlled crossover study protocol
Authors: Xu Linqi , Xiong Wenji , Li Jinwei , Shi Hongyu , Shen Meidi , Zhang Xin , Pang Yue , Ni Yuanyuan , Zhang Wei , Li Yuewei , Guo Lirong , Zhang Shuang , Zhao Lijing , Li Feng 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionThe benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on the reduction of cardiac and all-cause mortality are well documented. However, adherence remains suboptimal in China. It is clear that traditional CR does not meet the needs of many eligible patients and innovation is required to improve its application. Home-based CR (HBCR) is a cost-effective method that may be a valuable alternative for many individuals in China. In HBCR, it is often difficult to maintain an exercise intensity that is both effective and within safe limits, factors that are essential for patient safety. Mobile health interventions have the potential to overcome these obstacles and may be efficacious in improving adherence. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether an Intelligent Exercise Rehabilitation Management System (IERMS)-based HBCR could improve adherence to CR and to assess the effects on exercise capacity, mental health, self-efficacy, quality of life and lifestyle-related risk factors.Methods and analysisWe propose a single-blinded, two-arm, randomised controlled crossover study of 70 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to one of the two groups. Patients in group 1 will receive the IERMS intervention together with usual care for the first 6 weeks and usual care for the last 6 weeks, while patients assigned to group 2 will receive usual care for the first 6 weeks and will use IERMS in the last 6 weeks. The primary outcome is adherence to the programme and secondary outcomes include exercise capacity, psychological well-being, quality of life, self-efficacy and lifestyle-related risk factors. All secondary outcomes will be measured at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing, Jilin University (HREC 2019120901). The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR1900028182; Pre-results.
Study protocol for a nationwide Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) survey on diabetes in Singapore’s general population
Authors: AshaRani PV , Abdin Edimansyah , Kumarasan Roystonn , Siva Kumar Fiona Devi , Shafie Saleha , Jeyagurunathan Anitha , Chua Boon Yiang , Vaingankar Janhavi Ajit , Fang Sum Chee , Lee Eng Sing , Van Dam Rob , Chong Siow Ann , Subramaniam Mythily 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionThis study aims to establish the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) of the general population (people with and without diabetes) towards diabetes. The study will examine (a) recognition and understanding of causes, prevention and treatment strategies of diabetes; (b) identify the knowledge gaps and behavioural patterns that may hamper diabetes prevention and control; (c) stigma towards and stigma perceived by people with diabetes and (d) awareness of anti-diabetes campaigns.Methods and analysisThe study is a nationwide, cross-sectional study of Singapore’s general population aged 18 years and above (n=3000), comprising Chinese, Malay, Indian and other ethnic groups, who can understand English, Chinese, Malay or Tamil language. The sample was derived using a disproportionate stratified sampling using age and ethnicity. The proportion of respondents in each ethnic group (Chinese, Malay and Indian) was set to approximately 30%, while the proportion of respondents in each age group was set around 20% in order to ensure a sufficient sample size. The respondents will be administered questionnaires on diabetes KAP, stigma towards diabetes, lifestyle, diet and awareness of local anti-diabetes campaigns. The analysis will include descriptive statistics and multiple logistic and linear regression analyses to determine the socio-demographic correlates of correct recognition of diabetes, help-seeking preferences, as well as overall knowledge and attitudes among those with and without diabetes. We will consider a p value ≤0.05 as significant.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol has been reviewed by the Institutional Research Review Committee and the National Healthcare Group Domain Specific Review Board (NHG DSRB Ref 2018/00430). The results of the study will be shared with policymakers and other stakeholders. There will be a local mass media briefing to disseminate the findings online, in print and on television and radio. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented in scientific meetings.
Pharmacokinetics during therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy: a literature review
Authors: Lutz Isabelle Claire , Allegaert Karel , de Hoon Jan N , Marynissen Heleen 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundNeonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy due to perinatal asphyxia, can result in severe neurodevelopmental disability or mortality. Hypothermia is at present the only proven neuroprotective intervention. During hypothermia, the neonate may need a variety of drugs with their specific pharmacokinetic profile. The aim of this paper is to determine the effect that hypothermia for neonates suffering from hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy has on the pharmacokinetics and to what extent dosing regimens need adjustments.MethodA systematic search was performed on PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library of literature (2000–2020) using a combination of the following search terms: therapeutic hypothermia, neonate, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and pharmacokinetics. Titles and abstracts were screened, and inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied. Finally, relevant full texts were read, and secondary inclusion was applied on the identified articles.ResultsA total of 380 articles were retrieved, and 34 articles included after application of inclusion/exclusion criteria and duplicate removal, two additional papers were included as suggested by the reviewers. Twelve out of 36 studies on 15 compounds demonstrated a significant decrease in clearance, be it that the extent differs between routes of elimination and compounds, most pronounced for renal elimination (phenobarbital no difference, midazolam metabolite −21%, lidocaine −24%; morphine −21% to −47%, gentamicin −25% to −35%, amikacin −40%) during hypothermia. The data as retrieved in literature were subsequent compared with the dosing regimen as stated in the Dutch paediatric formulary.ConclusionDepending on the drug-specific disposition characteristics, therapeutic hypothermia in neonates with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy affects pharmacokinetics.
Comparison of pulse oximetry and earlobe blood gas with CO-oximetry in children with sickle cell disease: a retrospective review
Authors: Arigliani Michele , Zheng Sean , Ruiz Gary , Chakravorty Subarna , Bossley Cara J , Rees David , Gupta Atul 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the agreement between pulse oximetry (SpO2) and oxygen saturation (SaO2) measured by CO-oximetry on arterialised earlobe blood gas (EBG) in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD).Design and settingWe retrospectively reviewed 39 simultaneous and paired SaO2 EBG and SpO2 measurements from 33 ambulatory patients with SCD (32 subjects with Haemoglobin SS and one with Haemoglobin Sß+, 52% male, mean±SD age 11.0±3.6, age range 5–18). Measurements were performed between 2012 and 2015 when participants were asymptomatic. Hypoxaemia was defined as SaO2 ≤93%. A Bland-Altman analysis was performed to assess the accuracy of SpO2 as compared with EBG SaO2.ResultsThe mean±SD SpO2 and SaO2 values in the same patients were, respectively, 93.6%±3.7% and 94.3%±2.9%. The bias SpO2–SaO2 was −0.7% (95% limits of agreement from −5.4% to 4.1%) and precision was 2.5%. In 9/39 (23%) cases, the difference in SpO2–SaO2 was greater than the expected error range ±2%, with SaO2 more often underestimated by SpO2 (6/9), especially at SpO2values ≤93%. Thirteen participants (33%) were hypoxaemic. The sensitivity of SpO2 for hypoxaemia was 100%, specificity 85% and positive predictive value 76%.ConclusionsPulse oximetry was inaccurate in almost a quarter of measurements in ambulatory paediatric patients with SCD, especially at SpO2values ≤93%. In these cases, oxygen saturation can be confirmed through EBG CO-oximetry, which is easier to perform and less painful than traditional arterial blood sampling.
Breaking the myths of competition: a cross-sectional analysis of injuries among CrossFit trained participants
Authors: Feito Yuri , Burrows Evanette , Tabb Loni , Ciesielka Kerri-Anne 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the injury rates of individuals engaged in CrossFit training and examine the risk of injury associated with competition.Study designCross-sectional analysis.MethodsDescriptive statistics, including injury incidence and rates, were examined for individuals reporting participation in a CrossFit sanctioned competition between 2013 and 2017. To examine the odds of being injured, we considered logistic regression models, where the primary independent measure was participation length—individual measures of interest included age, sex, body mass index, CrossFit affiliation and competition status.Results3049 individuals completed the survey (60% completion rate). All competitors, regardless of competition level, had similar incidence of injury (χ2=1.1, p=0.571). For those who reported competing, our calculated injury rate was 0.21–0.54 injuries per 1000 training hours, while for those not competing, the injury rate was calculated as 0.39–1.30 injuries per 1000 training hours. Logistic regression demonstrated short length of participation in CrossFit training as the main factor associated with the odds of being injured (OR=1.82; 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.92). Additionally, training at an official CrossFit affiliate appeared to have a protective effect from injury (OR=0.85; 95% CI: 0.65, 1.10).ConclusionOur findings provide evidence of the low risk of injury related to these events. Moreover, these findings support the notion that musculoskeletal injuries may be the result of poor progression plans, which may be minimised by participating in an official CrossFit affiliate.
Collaborative framework for working with older simulated participants
(SP)
Authors: Smith Cathy M , Sokoloff Lisa Guttman , Alsaba Nemat 
Published: June 2020

Introduction
As the global population ages, healthcare providers must prepare for the
complexities associated with caring for older adults, defined according to the
WHO, as being over the age of 60. Simulation-based education in healthcare
allows caregivers to practice and master skills and competencies associated
with care of older adults. Simulated
patients/participants (SP), well
people trained to portray other individuals, are an effective choice when
training behavioural skills (eg, communication). When working with older SPs,
it is important to recognise unique considerations and requirements related to
physiological changes, in physical, cognitive and sensory systems associated
with normal ageing.

Method
SP educators from two different countries, with diverse backgrounds and
contexts, collaborated through an iterative, consensus-based process to create
a framework for working with older SPs.

Results
A practical three-phase framework with specific strategies was developed
that synthesised elements of best practices related to simulation methodology
with relevant clinical evidence.

Discussion
Effective collaboration with older SPs is achievable through investing
resources in preparing, training and ensuring their well-being. Through faculty
development of healthcare simulation educators, we can ensure that older SPs
and simulation communities have the right tools and support to safely and
effectively contribute to simulation-based education.
Evaluating the extent of lumbar erector spinae plane block: an anatomical study
Authors: Harbell Monica W , Seamans David P , Koyyalamudi Veerandra , Kraus Molly B , Craner Ryan C , Langley Natalie R 
Published: June 2020

Background and objectivesThe erector spinae plane (ESP) block is a relatively new interfascial block technique. Previous cadaveric studies have shown extensive cephalocaudal spread with a single ESP injection at the thoracic level. However, little data exist for lumbar ESP block. The objective of this study was to examine the anatomical spread of dye following an ultrasound-guided lumbar ESP block in a human cadaveric model.MethodsAn ultrasound-guided ESP block was performed in unembalmed human cadavers using an in-plane approach with a curvilinear transducer oriented longitudinally. 20 mL of 0.166% methylene blue was injected into the plane between the distal end of the L4 transverse process and erector spinae muscle bilaterally in four specimens and unilaterally in one specimen (nine ESP blocks in total). The superficial and deep back muscles were dissected, and the extent of dye spread was documented in both cephalocaudal and medial–lateral directions.ResultsThere was cephalocaudal spread from L3 to L5 in all specimens with extension to L2 in four specimens. Medial–lateral spread was documented from the multifidus muscle to the lateral edge of the thoracolumbar fascia. There was extensive dye in and around the erector spinae musculature and spread to the dorsal rami in all specimens. There was no dye spread anteriorly into the dorsal root ganglion, ventral rami, or paravertebral space.ConclusionsA lumbar ESP injection has limited craniocaudal spread compared with injection in the thoracic region. It has consistent spread to dorsal rami, but no anterior spread to ventral rami or paravertebral space.
Cardiac rehabilitation is associated with greater improvements in psychological health following coronary artery bypass graft surgery when compared with percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Montesano Matthew , Reed Jennifer L. , Tulloch Heather E. , Pipe Andrew L. , Terada Tasuku 
Published: June 2020

Following coronary revascularization, patients treated with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) have lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events when compared with those treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We compared changes in cardiovascular risk factors, such as psychological and cardiometabolic health indicators, among patients who completed cardiac rehabilitation (CR) following CABG and PCI. Longitudinal records of 278 patients who completed an outpatient CR program following CABG or PCI were analyzed. We compared changes in anxiety and depression assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36); and indicators of cardiometabolic health (i.e., body mass, blood pressure, glucose, and lipid profiles) between CABG and PCI groups using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). At baseline, patients treated with PCI (n = 191) had superior physical function (i.e., physical functioning: 62.5 ± 22.1 vs. 54.3 ± 23.0 points, p = 0.006; and role limitations due to physical health: 31.2 ± 36.8 vs. 20.6 ± 31.8 points, p = 0.024) when compared with those treated with CABG (n = 87). Following CR, patients treated with PCI showed significantly smaller improvements in depression (–0.4 ± 3.1 vs. –1.3 ± 2.7 points, p = 0.036) and mental HR-QoL (mental component summary: 2.4 ± 10.8 vs. 5.7 ± 10.7 points, p = 0.020) when compared with those treated with CABG. Novelty Patients with coronary artery disease treated with PCI have smaller functional limitations but similar psychological health when compared with those treated with CABG at CR enrollment. Patients participating in CR following PCI appear to achieve smaller psychological health benefits from CR when compared with those recovering from CABG.
Holographic complexity of subregions in the hyperscaling violating theories
Authors: Borvayeh Z. , Tanhayi M. Reza , Rafibakhsh S. 
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we use the complexity equals action proposal and investigate holographic complexity for hyperscaling violating theories on different subregions of space-time enclosed by the null boundaries. We are interested in computing the onshell action for certain subregions of the intersection between the Wheeler DeWitt patch and the past, as well as, the future interior of a two-sided black brane. More precisely, we extend the results of Ref. 1 in parts, to hyperscaling violating geometries and to find the finite onshell action, we define the proper counter terms. We show that in computing the rate of complexification the dynamical exponent plays a crucial rule, but, at the late time, rate of the complexity growth is independent of the hyperscaling parameters.
Abstract B07: Potential clinical value of methylated microRNAs in saliva-liquid biopsy for surveillance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lv Ling , Quattlebaum Steve , Gao Dexiang , Cao Yu , Milam Ben , Hall Francis , Smith Derek , Handley Elyse , Bornstein Sophia , Gross Neil , Song John , Lu Shi-Long 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a biologically aggressive cancer in which high rates of recurrence (local, locoregional, or distant) contribute significantly to poor patient survival. One of the primary goals for current clinical practice of HNSCC surveillance is to detect recurrence at an early stage. However, current methods are either subjective, invasive, hard to access, not able to detect recurrence in a timely manner, or expensive. Saliva, given its directly adjacence to the anatomic location of HNSCC, may represent an opportunity to monitor HNSCC progression in a completely noninvasive, easy-to-access, and cost-effective method for HNSCC surveillance in a timely manner. We have developed a panel of seven biomarkers through screening of methylated microRNA loci (i.e., 9-1, 124-1, 124-2, 124-3, 129-2, 137, and 148) for HNSCC, and hereafter referred to as HNKlear. HNKlear demonstrated 92.1% sensitivity and 97.8% specificity in 189 HNSCC and 92 control tissue samples and 84.9% sensitivity and 95.4% in 86 pretreatment HNSCC and 108 control saliva samples. HNKlear is able to detect 93.5% T1 tumor and 91.2% stage I tumor in tissue, and 85.0% or 80.0% of HNSCC saliva when tumor is at T1 or stage I, respectively. In our prospective study, the value of HNKlear in patients’ saliva correlates with the tumor burden in 42 patients’ saliva before and after surgery within 3 months. HNKlear value is associated with progression-free survival in 57 primary tumor tissues and 38 treatment-naïve saliva. More importantly, HNKlear in saliva was shown to detect recurrence ranging from 90-337 days ahead of clinical detection of recurrence in the longitudinal follow-up of 43 HNSCC patients. Although these findings need to be validated in a large clinical trial, they suggest that analysis of certain methylated mciroRNA in saliva could have clinical significance for surveillance of HNSCC patients.
Citation Format: Ling Lv, Steve Quattlebaum, Dexiang Gao, Yu Cao, Ben Milam, Francis Hall, Derek Smith, Elyse Handley, Sophia Bornstein, Neil Gross, John Song, Shi-Long Lu. Potential clinical value of methylated microRNAs in saliva-liquid biopsy for surveillance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Liquid Biopsies; Jan 13-16, 2020; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(11_Suppl):Abstract nr B07.