bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological approach focusing on the structure of the external genitalia of female Triatoma jatai, Triatoma costalimai, and Triatoma williami (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae)
Authors: Teves Simone Caldas , Gonçalves Teresa Cristina Monte , de Freitas Simone Patricia Carneiro , Lopes Catarina Macedo , Carbajal-de-la-Fuente Ana Laura , Santos-Mallet Jacenir Reis dos 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroudTaxonomic identification of triatomines is generally performed based on aspects of their external morphology. However, the use of a multidisciplinary approach, considering morphological aspects of the external genitalia, morphometry, genetics, and phylogeography has been suggested, especially for similar and/or cryptic species. The rupestral species Triatoma jatai Gonçalves et al. 2013, Triatoma costalimai Verano & Galvão 1959, and Triatoma williami Galvão et al. 1965, which are morphologically similar, have been found with natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1930) in wild, peridomestic, and intradomestic environments, representing a risk of new outbreaks of Chagas disease. This study presents a morphological description complementation of these species, with an emphasis on the structures of the female external genitalia, using scanning electron microscopy. MethodsFemale specimens of T. jatai and T. costalimai captured in Brazilian Municipalites of Paranã and Aurora do Tocantins were identified with the use of a dichotomous key for the sub-complex Matogrossensis, as well T. williami, obtained by colony of reference laboratory in triatomines. The insects were sectioned with a scalpel in the transverse direction at the height of the sixth abdominal segment. The terminal portion of the abdomen was washed, dehydrated in an alcoholic series and mounted on a metallic support on double-sided adhesive tape in the ventral or dorsal positions. Samples were then left in an oven and in a desiccator containing silica gel for drying until metallization. They were metallized with gold and examined using a scanning electron microscope at the Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ Institute Electronic Microscopy Platform. ResultsIt was possible to differentiate between the species based on characteristics of the 7th, 8th, and 9th urotergites and 7th urosternite, as well as the genital plaques, gonocoxites, and gonapophyses. For the first time, morphological differences in the thorns present on gonocoxite 8 are described in triatomines.ConclusionsWe results show that external genitalia of female it is a useful structure to differentiate T. jatai, T. costalimai and T. williami. The scanning electron microscopy contribute and corroborate, together with other tools morphological and molecular, to the differentiation of T. jatai, T. costalimai and T. williami, as well as expand the taxonomic knowledge. It may also help to understand if there is reproductive compatibility between T. jatai and T. costalimai as well possible formation of hybrids under artificial conditions. This one is underway in order to fully contemplate all definitions of biological species.
ANÁLISE DA DEMÊNCIA EM IDOSOS ADSCRITOS NA ESTRATÉGIA DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA DO BAIRRO BOM PASTOR
Authors: Torres de Araújo Lima Alane , Silveira Rodrigues Anna Carla , Teixeira Ribeiro Bruna , Gama dos Santos Sales Karina 
Published: August 2020

Nas últimas décadas, devido à transição demográfica e epidemiológica, foi evidenciado o envelhecimento populacional e o aumento da prevalência das doenças crônico-degenerativas como a demência na população com mais de 60 anos. O processo de envelhecimento de grande parte da população vem acompanhado de declínios cognitivos, sendo imprescindível a identificação do problema na comunidade e a promoção de ações efetivas na sua prevenção, a fim de promover melhorias na qualidade de vida dessa população. Portanto, esse artigo teve como objetivo analisar a capacidade cognitiva da população geriátrica adscrita na ESF BOM PASTOR – MANHUAÇU – MG. Para isso, foram aplicados o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS) em 79 idosos, destes 39 apresentaram algum grau de demência e 26 algum grau de depressão. Dos participantes com demência, 25 possuíam comorbidades sistêmicas crônicas e 17 apresentavam depressão. Já no grupo dos que não apresentavam demência (40 pacientes), 9 tinham depressão, o que denota um Risco Relativo (RR) de 1,57. Em relação ao sexo, a incidência de demência foi de 51% nas mulheres (RR 1.08) e de 46% nos homens (RR 0.91), demonstrando ser o sexo feminino fator de risco e o sexo masculino fator de proteção para a demência. Os RR de demência para os graus de escolaridade analfabetos, 1-4 anos, 5-8 anos e acima de 8 anos foram respectivamente 2,09, 1, 0,9 e 0,38, denotando que quanto maior o nível de escolaridade, menor o risco de desenvolver algum grau de demência. De acordo com os resultados, tem-se que algumas variáveis denotam fator de risco, enquanto outras parecem ser protetoras. Alguns destes aspectos, são constantes e não passíveis de alteração, entretanto, outros como escolaridade, comorbidades e depressão, podem ser prevenidos e trabalhados a fim de reduzir essa expectativa maléfica à qualidade de vida do idoso.
The Effect of the Smell of Breast Milk and Non-Nutritious Sucking on Pain Behavioral Response and to First-Time Hepatitis B Vaccine in Term Newborns
Authors: Amiri Shadmehri Elaheh , Yaghoobi Hamideh , Sajjadi Mosa , Abbasian Mahdi 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The issue of Pain Management finds special significance in infants who are unable to verbally express pain. Studies have shown that the use of non-pharmacological pain control techniques can be effective in reducing neonatal pain. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of olfactory stimulation (with breast milk) and non-nutritive sucking (with a pacifier) on the physiological and behavioral responses in term neonates to the hepatitis B vaccine.

Methods:
In this clinical trial, which was done in 2015 at the Nohom-e Dey Hospital of Torbat Heidariyeh, 90 eligible infants were randomly selected and divided into two intervention and one control groups. In the breast-milk odor group (n = 30), the neonates were exposed to the mother's odor during vaccination. In the non-nutritive sucking group (n = 30), a standard soft pacifier was used, whereas, in the control group (n = 30), no intervention was carried out. Data collection tools included demographic information forms and the Neonatal Pain Response Scale. Data were edited and analyzed using SPSS 20 software.

Results:
This study showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of neonatal behavioral responses after intervention in the three groups (p <0.05). The mean behavioral response was 0.73 lower in the breast-milk odor group than in the control group, and the mean behavioral response in the non-nutritive sucking group was 0.6 lower than that of the control group.

Conclusion:
The results of the study showed that both olfactory stimulations with breast milk and non-nutritive sucking have a positive impact on neonatal pain reduction, nearly equally.
Urinary Cotinine as a Biomarker of Cigarette Smoke Exposure: A Method to Differentiate Among Active, Second-Hand, and Non-Smoker Circumstances
Authors: Fernandes Andréia G.O. , Santos Leonardo N. , Pinheiro Gabriela P. , da Silva Vasconcellos Diego , de Oliva Sérgio Telles , Fernandes Bruno J.D. , Couto Ricardo D. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To review the literature on the use of urinary cotinine as a biological marker of cigarette smoke exposure.

Methods:
Narrative review of original and review articles on the topic of interest, published in Portuguese or English by June 2018, and selected in the following online databases: PubMed and Virtual Health Library (VHL).

Results:
Urinary cotinine is usually the recommended biomarker to estimate exposure to cigarette smoke, and can be used alone or, preferably, in association with questionnaires. Different analytical techniques can be used to quantify urinary cotinine and are differently performed because of urine sample interfering factors.

Conclusion:
The precise classification of smoking status is essential. It is advisable to use objective measurements regarding smoking habits since self-reported smoking may not always represent the true smoking status of the individual, particularly in groups that are more vulnerable to omitting the information of questionnaries, in addition, it has possible biases of memory. The accurate assessment of smoking is crucial to improve clinical management and counseling for different diseases as well as the establishment of preventive strategies. So, the use of urinary cotinine as a biomarker of cigarette smoke exposure seems to be a suitable assay to distinguish non-smokers from passive and active smokers.
Rates of Attrition and Dropout in App-Based Interventions for Chronic Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Meyerowitz-Katz Gideon , Ravi Sumathy , Arnolda Leonard , Feng Xiaoqi , Maberly Glen , Astell-Burt Thomas 
Published: August 2020

Background
Chronic disease represents a large and growing burden to the health care system worldwide. One method of managing this burden is the use of app-based interventions; however attrition, defined as lack of patient use of the intervention, is an issue for these interventions. While many apps have been developed, there is some evidence that they have significant issues with sustained use, with up to 98% of people only using the app for a short time before dropping out and/or dropping use down to the point where the app is no longer effective at helping to manage disease.

Objective
Our objectives are to systematically appraise and perform a meta-analysis on dropout rates in apps for chronic disease and to qualitatively synthesize possible reasons for these dropout rates that could be addressed in future interventions.

Methods
MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL (Central Register of Controlled Trials), and Embase were searched from 2003 to the present to look at mobile health (mHealth) and attrition or dropout. Studies, either randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational trials, looking at chronic disease with measures of dropout were included. Meta-analysis of attrition rates was conducted in Stata, version 15.1 (StataCorp LLC). Included studies were also qualitatively synthesized to examine reasons for dropout and avenues for future research.

Results
Of 833 studies identified in the literature search, 17 were included in the review and meta-analysis. Out of 17 studies, 9 (53%) were RCTs and 8 (47%) were observational trials, with both types covering a range of chronic diseases. The pooled dropout rate was 43% (95% CI 29-57), with observational studies having a higher dropout rate (49%, 95% CI 27-70) than RCTs in more controlled scenarios, which only had a 40% dropout rate (95% CI 16-63). The studies were extremely varied, which is represented statistically in the high degree of heterogeneity (I2>99%). Qualitative synthesis revealed a range of reasons relating to attrition from app-based interventions, including social, demographic, and behavioral factors that could be addressed.

Conclusions
Dropout rates in mHealth interventions are high, but possible areas to minimize attrition exist. Reducing dropout rates will make these apps more effective for disease management in the long term.

Trial Registration
International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42019128737; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019128737
Social Network Analysis of COVID-19 Sentiments: Application of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Hung Man , Lauren Evelyn , Hon Eric S , Birmingham Wendy C , Xu Julie , Su Sharon , Hon Shirley D , Park Jungweon , Dang Peter , Lipsky Martin S 
Published: August 2020

Background
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic led to substantial public discussion. Understanding these discussions can help institutions, governments, and individuals navigate the pandemic.

Objective
The aim of this study is to analyze discussions on Twitter related to COVID-19 and to investigate the sentiments toward COVID-19.

Methods
This study applied machine learning methods in the field of artificial intelligence to analyze data collected from Twitter. Using tweets originating exclusively in the United States and written in English during the 1-month period from March 20 to April 19, 2020, the study examined COVID-19–related discussions. Social network and sentiment analyses were also conducted to determine the social network of dominant topics and whether the tweets expressed positive, neutral, or negative sentiments. Geographic analysis of the tweets was also conducted.

Results
There were a total of 14,180,603 likes, 863,411 replies, 3,087,812 retweets, and 641,381 mentions in tweets during the study timeframe. Out of 902,138 tweets analyzed, sentiment analysis classified 434,254 (48.2%) tweets as having a positive sentiment, 187,042 (20.7%) as neutral, and 280,842 (31.1%) as negative. The study identified 5 dominant themes among COVID-19–related tweets: health care environment, emotional support, business economy, social change, and psychological stress. Alaska, Wyoming, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, and Florida were the states expressing the most negative sentiment while Vermont, North Dakota, Utah, Colorado, Tennessee, and North Carolina conveyed the most positive sentiment.

Conclusions
This study identified 5 prevalent themes of COVID-19 discussion with sentiments ranging from positive to negative. These themes and sentiments can clarify the public’s response to COVID-19 and help officials navigate the pandemic.
Sifat-Sifat Morfisma di dalam Kategori Ruang Penutup Ruang Topologis yang Terhubung Lintasan (On the Morphisms of the Category of Path Connected Covering Spaces )
Authors: Risali Valentino , Wijayanti Indah Emilia 
Published: August 2020

Untuk sebarang ruang topologis $X$ dapat dibentuk $Cov_X$ yaitu kategori \linebreak ruang penutup $X$ yang terhubung lintasan. Pada tulisan ini akan dibahas syarat perlu dan cukup eksistensi morfisma antara dua ruang penutup yang terhubung lintasan lokal. Untuk sebarang $x_0 \in X$ dan grup fundamental $G=\pi_1(X,x_0)$, dapat dibentuk kategori $SetG$, yaitu kategori semua himpunan yang dilengkapi aksi kanan oleh $G$. Selanjutnya dibentuk fungtor $F$ dari $Cov_X$ ke $SetG$. Dalam tulisan dibuktikan bahwa $F$ bersifat \textit{fully faithful} jika $X$ terhubung lintasan dan terhubung lintasan lokal. Akibatnya untuk mengidentifikasi morfisma-morfisma antara dua obyek $A$ dan $B$ di $Cov_X$ dapat dilakukan dengan cara melihat sifat morfisma-morfisma antara $F(A)$ dan $F(B)$. (For any topological space $X$, we can construct the category of path \linebreak connected covering spaces of $X$, denoted by $Cov_X$. In this paper we study a sufficient and necesarry condition for the existence of morphism between two locally path \linebreak connected covering spaces. For every $x_0 \in X$ and fundamental group $G=\pi_1(X,x_0)$, we can construct the category of sets with right action of $G$, denoted by $SetG$. \linebreak Furthermore, we can define a functor $F$ from $Cov_X$ to $SetG$. We proof that the functor $F$ is fully faithul if $X$ is path connected and locally path connected. From this result, we can identify morphisms between $A$ and $B$ in $Cov_X$ by using the properties of morphisms between $F(A)$ and $F(B)$. )
Personas y trabajos en el proceso de mercantilización de las artesanías indígenas chaqueñas
Authors: Perret Myriam Fernanda 
Published: August 2020

<p>Para atender a los factores que inciden en el proceso de mercantilización de artesanías, analizamos el modo en que se relacionan dos colectivos de artesanas de los pueblos wichí y qom con trabajadores de un programa de desarrollo rural estatal y una ong poniendo foco en: la conformación de una calidad atada a la venta y la organización de la circulación de las artesanías con base en acopios periódicos. </p><p>La investigación, basada en mi tesis de doctorado, se realizó con el método etnográfico. La recolección de la información, en alternancia con periodos de sistematización y reflexión sobre el material recolectado, transcurrió entre agosto de 2012 y agosto de 2018.</p><p>Parentesco, diferencias en el control del dinero que se considera colectivo, tipo de productos a adquirir con el mismo, diferencias de edad, capacidad para recurrir a la presión a través de ataques chamánicos o brujeriles y ciertas herramientas de cálculo generan dinámicas que se orientan a separar a las personas de los trabajos o a administrar la continuidad persona-trabajo.</p><div> </div>
Earnings Volatility and Auditor Risk Assessments: Evidence from Auditor Resignations
Authors: Bryan David B. , Mason Terry W. 
Published: August 2020

SYNOPSIS
This study proposes that auditors incorporate earnings volatility into their risk assessments such that volatility is associated with auditor resignations. Because volatile earnings are less predictable, they create larger deviations from the auditor's expectation of earnings and could increase auditor risk assessments. Higher earnings volatility could also signal underlying conditions that increase risk because accounting estimates become less reliable. Alternatively, auditors may perceive lower earnings volatility as riskier if auditors view it as an indication of more earnings management. We find a positive association between earnings volatility and auditor resignations, consistent with auditors viewing volatile earnings as riskier. This association is stronger for non-industry-specialists and auditors without long tenure. Finally, after the resignation of a Big 4 auditor, firms in the top quartile of earnings volatility are more likely to switch to a non-Big 4 auditor. Overall, our results show that earnings volatility plays an important role in auditor-client realignments.
Fighting Fire with Fire: Using Excel Macros to Combat Academic Dishonesty in Excel Projects
Authors: Lux Don , Knight Margaret E. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Academic dishonesty is on the rise, and technology is partly to blame. Student work is increasingly performed online, and technological platforms to facilitate cheating are plentiful and easily accessible. Simply stated, technology makes it easier to cheat. We believe that the best way to combat technology-based academic dishonesty is by leveraging technology for prevention and detection. This paper demonstrates how Excel macros can be utilized to efficiently and effectively prevent and detect several forms of cheating that students employ in Excel projects. We provide sufficient instructor resources so that educators can replicate this cheating solution, and describe our findings after employing this macro cheating solution in 1,611 Excel projects administered in our Accounting Department. We also discuss the results of a student survey that captures perceptions of the efficacy of this macro-based cheating solution.
The Innovation Process of Transforming Liquid Param Manna into Cream Param Manna
Authors: Sarwokusumo Yenny 
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine business innovation process transforming Param Kocok Manna into Param Cream Manna to open new business opportunities. The data collection technique in this research was questionnaire. This research concluded that since the idea generation stage of the innovation process to open a new business was originally from its customers. The products of Param Cream Manna are the innovative products that are highly accepted by the market to create new market opportunities.
Pharmacy-Based Assessment and Management of Herpes Labialis (Cold Sores) with Antiviral Therapy
Authors: Adams Alex , Klepser Michael 
Published: August 2020

Herpes labialis, commonly known as cold sores, is an infection of the mouth and surrounding area. Antiviral therapy can be used to block viral replication, which shortens the duration of symptoms, facilitates resolution of lesions, and lessens the risk of spreading the virus. Increasing access to antivirals targeted against herpes labialis by allowing assessment and prescribing by a pharmacist may decrease time to treatment for HSV-1, and improve patient satisfaction. Experience from Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United States demonstrate that pharmacist management of cold sores has a safe track record and may be considered by other jurisdictions.

Commentary
Studi Penggunaan Batu Kapur Kalipucang sebagai Substitusi Sebagian Agregat Halus Beton Aspal Jenis AC-BC (Hal. 45-55)
Authors: Budiman Lucky , Sukirman Silvia 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAKPerkerasan jalan adalah campuran antara agregat dan bahan pengikat, berfungsi melayani beban lalu lintas. Agregat yang biasa digunakan untuk perkerasan jalan adalah batu pecah dan bahan lainnya. Batu kapur adalah batuan sedimen yang terusun dari kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) dalam bentuk mineral kalsit. Batu kapur merupakan salah satu mineral industri yang banyak digunakan oleh sektor industri dan konstruksi. Tujuan penelitian ini antara lain untuk mengetahui karakteristik batu kapur dan penggunaan batu kapur Kalipucang sebagai substitusi agregat halus dari campuran beton aspal jenis AC-BC, dengan penambahan batu kapur sebanyak 50% dari dari agregat halus. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data pengujian didapatkan nilai stabilitas dari beton aspal substitusi batu batu kapur lebih tinggi dibandingan dengan campuran beton aspal tanpa batu kapur, yaitu 1.800 kg untuk campuran substitusi batu kapur dan 1.600 kg untuk campuran tanpa batu kapur. Sifat volumetrik beton aspal dari kedua campuran yaitu dan memenuhi spesifikasi yang telah ditentukan.Kata kunci: laston AC-BC, batu kapur, substitusiABSTRACTThe pavement street is a mixture between of aggregates and binders,the function is serving the traffic load. The aggregate commonly used for street pavement are broken stone and other materials. Limestone is sedimentary rock are composed of calcium carbonate (caCO3) in the mineral form of calcite.Limestone is one of a mineral an industry that is much used by the industrial and construction sectors. The purpose of this research include to know characteristic limestone and the use of limestone Kalipucang as a substitution of fine aggregate from a mixture of asphalt concrete of AC-BC,by the addition of limestone 50% of the fine aggregate. Based on the results of data analysis testing obtained the value of the stability from concrete asphalt the substitution of limestone higher than being with a mixture of asphalt concrete without limestone, that is 1,800 kg to mixed the substitution of limestone and 1,600 kg to mix without limestone. Volumetric properties of asphalt concrete of two mixetures is and meet specifications which has been determined.Keywords: laston AC-BC, limestone, substitution