bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Pancreatoduodenectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Recommendations 2019
Authors: Melloul Emmanuel , Lassen Kristoffer , Roulin Didier , Grass Fabian , Perinel Julie , Adham Mustapha , Wellge Erik Björn , Kunzler Filipe , Besselink Marc G. , Asbun Horacio , Scott Michael J. , Dejong Cornelis H. C. , Vrochides Dionisos , Aloia Thomas , Izbicki Jakob R. , Demartines Nicolas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways are now implemented worldwide with strong evidence that adhesion to such protocol reduces medical complications, costs and hospital stay. This concept has been applied for pancreatic surgery since the first published guidelines in 2012. This study presents the updated ERAS recommendations for pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) based on the best available evidence and on expert consensus.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in three databases (Embase, Medline Ovid and Cochrane Library Wiley) for the 27 developed ERAS items. Quality of randomized trials was assessed using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement checklist. The level of evidence for each item was determined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation system. The Delphi method was used to validate the final recommendations.
ResultsA total of 314 articles were included in the systematic review. Consensus among experts was reached after three rounds. A well‐implemented ERAS protocol with good compliance is associated with a reduction in medical complications and length of hospital stay. The highest level of evidence was available for five items: avoiding hypothermia, use of wound catheters as an alternative to epidural analgesia, antimicrobial and thromboprophylaxis protocols and preoperative nutritional interventions for patients with severe weight loss (> 15%).ConclusionsThe current updated ERAS recommendations for PD are based on the best available evidence and processed by the Delphi method. Prospective studies of high quality are encouraged to confirm the benefit of current updated recommendations.
The importance of Calanus glacialis for the feeding success of young polar cod: a circumpolar synthesis
Authors: Bouchard Caroline , Fortier Louis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the feeding ecology of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) during its first year of life is crucial to forecasting its response to the ongoing borealization of Arctic seas. We investigated the relationships between diet composition and feeding success in 1797 polar cod larvae and juveniles 4.5–55.6 mm standard length (SL) collected in five Arctic seas from 1993 to 2009. Prey were identified to species and developmental stages when possible, measured, and their carbon content was estimated using taxon-specific allometric equations. Feeding success was defined as the ratio of ingested carbon to fish weight. Carbon uptake in polar cod larvae < 15 mm was sourced primarily from calanoid copepods eggs and nauplii which were positively selected from the plankton. With increasing length, carbon sources shifted from eggs and nauplii to the copepodites of Calanus glacialis, Calanus hyperboreus and Pseudocalanus spp. Calanus glacialis copepodites were the main carbon source in polar cod > 25 mm and the only copepodite positively selected for. Pseudocalanus spp. copepodites became important replacement prey when C. glacialis left the epipelagic layer at the end of summer. Calanus glacialis was the preferred prey of polar cod, contributing from 23 to 84% of carbon uptake at any stage in the early development. Feeding success was determined by the number of prey captured in larvae < 15 mm and by the size of prey in juveniles > 30 mm. As Arctic seas warm, the progressive displacement of C. glacialis by the smaller Calanus finmarchicus could accelerate the replacement of polar cod, the dominant Arctic forage fish, by boreal species.
Radiomics for lung adenocarcinoma manifesting as pure ground-glass nodules: invasive prediction
Authors: Sun Yingli , Li Cheng , Jin Liang , Gao Pan , Zhao Wei , Ma Weiling , Tan Mingyu , Wu Weilan , Duan Shaofeng , Shan Yuqing , Li Ming 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the value of radiomics based on CT imaging in predicting invasive adenocarcinoma manifesting as pure ground-glass nodules (pGGNs).

Methods
This study enrolled 395 pGGNs with histopathology-confirmed benign nodules or adenocarcinoma. A total of 396 radiomic features were extracted from each labeled nodule. A Rad-score was constructed with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) in the training set. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to establish the radiographic model and the combined radiographic–radiomics model. The predictive performance was validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Based on the multivariate logistic regression analysis, an individual prediction nomogram was developed and the clinical utility was assessed.

Results
Five radiomic features and four radiographic features were selected for predicting the invasive lesions. The combined radiographic–radiomics model (AUC 0.77; 95% CI, 0.69–0.86) performed better than the radiographic model (AUC 0.71; 95% CI, 0.62–0.81) and Rad-score (AUC 0.72; 95% CI, 0.63–0.81) in the validation set. The clinical utility of the individualized prediction nomogram developed using the Rad-score, margin, spiculation, and size was confirmed in the validation set. The decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated that using a model with Rad-score to predict the invasive lesion would be more beneficial than that without Rad-score and the clinical model.

Conclusions
The proposed radiomics-based nomogram that incorporated the Rad-score, margin, spiculation, and size may be utilized as a noninvasive biomarker for the assessment of invasive prediction in patients with pGGNs.

Key Points
• CT-based radiomics analysis helps invasive prediction manifested as pGGNs.
• The combined radiographic–radiomics model may be utilized as a noninvasive biomarker for predicting invasive lesion for pGGNs.
• Radiomics-based individual nomogram may serve as a vital decision support tool to identify invasive pGGNs, obviating further workup and blind follow-up.
Knowledge-Driven Intelligent Survey Systems Towards Open Science
Authors: Edelstein Elspeth , Pan Jeff Z. , Soares Ricardo , Wyner Adam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose Knowledge Graph (KG), an articulated underlying semantic structure, as a semantic bridge between humans, systems, and scientific knowledge. To illustrate our proposal, we focus on KG-based intelligent survey systems. In state-of-the-art systems, information is hard-coded or implicit, making it hard for researchers to reuse, customise, link, or transmit structured knowledge. Furthermore, such systems do not facilitate dynamic interaction based on semantic structure. We design and implement a knowledge-driven intelligent survey system which is based on knowledge graph, a widely used technology that facilitates sharing and querying hypotheses, survey content, results, and analyses. The approach is developed, implemented, and tested in the field of Linguistics. Syntacticians and morphologists develop theories of grammar of natural languages. To evaluate theories, they seek intuitive grammaticality (well-formedness) judgments from native speakers, which either support hypotheses or provide counter-evidence. Our preliminary experiments show that a knowledge graph-based linguistic survey can provide more nuanced results than the traditional document-based grammaticality judgment surveys by allowing for tagging and manipulation of specific linguistic variables.
Counting Boolean functions with faster points
Authors: Sălăgean Ana , Özbudak Ferruh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDuan and Lai introduced the notion of “fast point” for a Boolean function f as being a direction a so that the algebraic degree of the derivative of f in direction a is strictly lower than the expected $$\deg (f)-1$$

deg
(
f
)
-
1

. Their study was motivated by the fact that the existence of fast points makes many cryptographic differential attacks (such as the cube and AIDA attack) more efficient. The number of functions with fast points was determined by Duan et al. in some special cases and by Sălăgean and Mandache-Sălăgean in the general case. We generalise the notion of fast point, defining a fast point of order $$\ell $$
ℓ
as being a fast point a so that the degree of the derivative of f in direction a is lower by at least $$\ell $$
ℓ
than the expected degree. We determine an explicit formula for the number of functions of degree d in n variables which have fast points of order $$\ell $$
ℓ
. Furthermore, we determine the number of functions of degree d in n variables which have a given number of fast points of order $$\ell $$
ℓ
, and also the number of functions which have a given profile in terms of the number of fast points of each order. We apply our results to compute the probability of a function to have fast points of order $$\ell $$
ℓ
. We also compute the number of functions which admit linear structures (i.e. their derivative in a certain direction is constant); such functions have a long history of being used in the analysis of symmetric ciphers.
Alginate films augmented with chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate particles provide sustained antimicrobial properties for application in wound care
Authors: Duckworth Peter F. , Maddocks Sarah E. , Rahatekar Sameer S. , Barbour Michele E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAll chronic wounds are colonised by bacteria; for some, colonisation progresses to become infection. Alginate wound dressings are used for highly exuding chronic wounds as they are very absorbent, taking up large quantities of exudate while maintaining a moist wound bed to support healing. Some alginate dressings are doped with antimicrobials, most commonly silver, but evidence regarding the efficacy of these is largely inconclusive. This manuscript describes the development and in vitro assessment of alginate materials doped with chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate (CHX-HMP), a sparingly soluble salt which when exposed to aqueous environments provides sustained release of the common antiseptic chlorhexidine. Comparator materials were a commercial silver alginate dressing material and an alginate doped with chlorhexidine digluconate (CHXdg). CHX-HMP alginates provided a dose-dependent CHX release which was sustained for over 14 days, whereas CHXdg alginates released limited CHX and this ceased within 24 h. CHX-HMP and silver alginates were efficacious against 5 major wound pathogens (MRSA,E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii) in a total viable count (TVC) and an agar diffusion zone of inhibition (ZOI) model. At baseline the silver alginate was more effective than the CHX-HMP alginate in the TVC assay but the CHX-HMP alginate was the more effective in the ZOI assay. After 7 days’ artificial aging the CHX-HMP alginate was more effective than the silver alginate for four of the five bacteria tested in both assays. These materials may ultimately find application in the development of wound dressings for chronic wounds that provide sustained antimicrobial protection.
Fuel for Thought? A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies into Glucose Enhancement of Cognitive Performance
Authors: Peters Riccarda , White David , Cleeland Carlee , Scholey Andrew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA transient improvement in cognitive performance can be observed following the ingestion of a glucose drink, a phenomenon known as the ‘glucose facilitation effect’. The effect has been studied thoroughly in the last three decades, but its neural underpinnings remain a matter of speculation. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the current evidence from studies applying neuroimaging or neurophysiological methods to investigate the glucose enhancement effect. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria of using neuroimaging in conjunction with cognitive outcomes. Six studies employed electroencephalography (EEG), four used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and one employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). All but one study reported modulation of neurophysiology or neuroimaging markers following glucose, while only five studies reported significant changes in cognitive outcomes. The evidence suggests that glucose administration enhances neurocognitive markers of episodic memory and attentional processes underpinned by medial temporal and frontal activation, sometimes in the absence of measurable behavioural effects. Further exploration of glucose facilitation using neuroimaging measures with increased sample sizes is warranted to replicate these findings.
Cubic quintic Ginzburg Landau equation as a model for resonant interaction of EM field with nonlinear media
Authors: Aleksić Branislav N. , Uvarova Liudmila A. , Aleksić Najdan B. , Belić Milivoj R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the possibility of approximating saturable nonlinearity, which is commonly used in complex Ginzburg–Landau equation (CGLE) for modelling resonant interaction of an electromagnetic field with nonlinear media, with cubic-quintic (CQ) nonlinearity. To validate the suggested approximations, we use variational method to estimate 2D analytical solutions of the CGLE with both saturable and CQ nonlinearity. The paper compares three ways to determine parameters of the CQ approximation and discusses the obtained results in terms of accuracy.
Strain-specificity in the hydrogen sulphide signalling network following dietary restriction in recombinant inbred mice
Authors: Wilkie Stephen E. , Mulvey Lorna , Sands William A. , Marcu Diana E. , Carter Roderick N. , Morton Nicholas M. , Hine Christopher , Mitchell James R. , Selman Colin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractModulation of the ageing process by dietary restriction (DR) across multiple taxa is well established. While the exact mechanism through which DR acts remains elusive, the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulphide (H2S) may play an important role. We employed a comparative-type approach using females from three ILSXISS recombinant inbred mouse strains previously reported to show differential lifespan responses following 40% DR. Following long-term (10 months) 40% DR, strain TejJ89—reported to show lifespan extension under DR—exhibited elevated hepatic H2S production relative to its strain-specific ad libitum (AL) control. Strain TejJ48 (no reported lifespan effect following 40% DR) exhibited significantly reduced hepatic H2S production, while H2S production was unaffected by DR in strain TejJ114 (shortened lifespan reported following 40% DR). These differences in H2S production were reflected in highly divergent gene and protein expression profiles of the major H2S production and disposal enzymes across strains. Increased hepatic H2S production in TejJ89 mice was associated with elevation of the mitochondrial H2S-producing enzyme 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST). Our findings further support the potential role of H2S in DR-induced longevity and indicate the presence of genotypic-specificity in the production and disposal of hepatic H2S in response to 40% DR in mice.
Wire Laser Arc Additive Manufacture of aluminium zinc alloys
Authors: Eimer E. , Suder W. , Williams S. , Ding J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAluminium zinc alloys are widely used in the aerospace industry due to their high strength. However, only a few studies have been reported on the additive manufacture of aluminium zinc alloys. This rarity is due to the difficulties occurring during the fusion processing of these alloys and to the lack of available raw material. This paper presents an alternative process used for the deposition of aluminium zinc alloys. In this study, a Wire Laser Arc Additive Manufacture (WLAAM) system was used. This consisted of a gas metal arc power source, used to generate the melt pool, and a laser beam applied to control the melt pool size. By using this approach, it was possible to produce an elongated melt pool and feed zinc into it with a cold wire without compromising the process stability. A welding camera along with a system measuring the arc voltage and current was used to monitor the process. Different process parameters and configurations were investigated along with their effect on process stability and deposited material microstructure. A very high zinc concentration was achieved in the deposited material without macro-segregation.
Schülervorstellungen in einem inquiry-orientierten Sachunterricht verändern – Besteht ein Zusammenhang mit der Förderung adäquaten Schlussfolgerns?
Authors: Grimm Hanna , Todorova Maria , Möller Kornelia 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Fähigkeit des hypothesenbezogenen Schlussfolgerns wird in der aktuellen Forschung als ein relevanter Faktor behandelt, der im Rahmen der Hypothesenprüfung im inquiry-orientierten Unterricht zur Erkennung von diskrepanten Ereignissen beiträgt und somit einen kognitiven Konflikt beim Lernenden begünstigen kann. Die Unzufriedenheit eines Lernenden mit den eigenen alternativen Vorstellungen gilt als förderlich für deren Abschwächung und für den Aufbau des wissenschaftlich adäquaten Konzepts. Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem hypothesenbezogenen Schlussfolgern und alternativen Vorstellungen ist bislang kaum untersucht worden. In der vorliegenden Interventionsstudie wurde ein inquiry-orientierter Unterricht zum Thema „Wie kommt es, dass ein Ball springt?“ durchgeführt (N = 143 Drittklässler/innen). Während in einer Kontrollgruppe ein Unterricht zur Unterstützung von Schülervorstellungsveränderungen stattfand, erhielt eine Experimentalgruppe denselben Unterricht mit zusätzlicher Förderung des hypothesenbezogenen Schlussfolgerns. In einem Prä-Post-Follow-Up-Design wurden sowohl das hypothesenbezogene Schlussfolgern als auch die alternativen Vorstellungen zum Sprungverhalten von Gegenständen erfasst, um die Veränderung der alternativen Vorstellungen über die Zeit und den Zusammenhang zwischen dem hypothesenbezogenen Schlussfolgern und alternativen Vorstellungen mithilfe von Mehrebenenanalysen zu untersuchen. Zudem wurde überprüft, inwiefern sich die zusätzliche Förderung des hypothesenbezogenen Schlussfolgerns in der Experimentalgruppe auf den Entwicklungsverlauf der alternativen Vorstellungen auswirkt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen für die Gesamtkohorte eine signifikante hypothesenkonforme Abschwächung alternativer Vorstellungen nach dem Unterricht und eine erneute geringfügige Zunahme dieser nach einigen Monaten. Zudem geht eine höhere Ausprägung der Fähigkeit, widerlegende und irrelevante Ereignisse bei der Überprüfung von konditionalen Aussagen adäquat zu evaluieren, mit einer signifikant geringeren Zustimmung zu alternativen Vorstellungen einher. Darüber hinaus liegt eine signifikante Cross-Level-Interaktion zwischen der Interventionsgruppe und dem Entwicklungsverlauf der alternativen Vorstellungen zugunsten der Experimentalgruppe vor. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Schlussfolgerungsfähigkeit und deren Förderung im naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht einen positiven Einfluss auf die Veränderung von alternativen Vorstellungen haben kann.
Multi-model synthesis of future extreme temperature indices over Zambia
Authors: Libanda Brigadier 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough temperature is one of the most important climate variables to be considered in adapting systems to climate change, its study over Zambia has until recently been largely ignored. A dearth of the literature on future temperature extremes is especially apparent. For the first time, future extreme temperature variability is analysed in Zambia for the period 1961–2100. The nonparametric Mann–Kendall test statistic is used at 5% significant level to compute trends. Sen’s slope estimator is used to give the magnitude of the observed trends. A two-tailed Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistical test is used to calculate the significance of the observed changes. What stands out from the findings is that warm days and nights become warmer while cool days and nights are projected to become non-existent by 2100. Additionally, an increase in radiative forcing and time is seen to intensify extreme temperature events. Notably, much of southern Zambia is projected to experience ~ 30% increment in TX90p while the northern half will experience ~ 40% under RCP4.5 by the middle of the century (2021–2050). If the business-as-usual trajectory (RCP8.5) is followed, an intensification of TX90p is observed with ~ 40% in the southern half of the country and ~ 50% in the northern half. These projections are observed to almost double towards the end of the century (2071–2100). The projected increase in warm nights (TN90p) is more over Luapula and Northwestern province while the lowest is observed over the Livingstone/Magoye region. These results provide a foundation for strategic planning purposes to avert losses related to extreme temperature.
Using correlated stochastic differential equations to forecast cryptocurrency rates and social media activities
Authors: Dipple Stephen , Choudhary Abhishek , Flamino James , Szymanski Boleslaw K. , Korniss G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe growing interconnectivity of socio-economic systems requires one to treat multiple relevant social and economic variables simultaneously as parts of a strongly interacting complex system. Here, we analyze and exploit correlations between the price fluctuations of selected cryptocurrencies and social media activities, and develop a predictive framework using noise-correlated stochastic differential equations. We employ the standard Geometric Brownian Motion to model cryptocurrency rates, while for social media activities and trading volume of cryptocurrencies we use the Geometric Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. In our model, correlations between the different stochastic variables are introduced through the noise in the respective stochastic differential equation. Using a Maximum Likelihood Estimation on historical data of the corresponding cryptocurrencies and social media activities we estimate parameters, and using the observed correlations, forecast selected time series. We successfully analyze and predict cryptocurrency related social media and the cryptocurrency market itself with a reasonable degree of accuracy. In particular, we show that our method has impressive accuracy in predicting whether a cryptocurrency market will increase or decrease a day in the future, a significant result with regards to investing and trading cryptocurrencies.