bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive effects of stocking density and dietary supplementation with Nano selenium and garlic extract on growth, feed utilization, digestive enzymes, stress responses, and antioxidant capacity of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella
Authors: Adineh Hossein , Naderi Mahdi , Nazer Afieh , Yousefi Morteza , Ahmadifar Ehsan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effects of dietary Nano selenium (Se) and garlic extract on the performance of grass carp under different stocking densities were examined. Fish (2.10 ± 0.09 g) were stocked into 18 tanks: fish were fed a diet supplemented with 1 mg Nano Se and 1 g garlic kg−1 diet (Diet1) or a diet supplemented with 2 mg Nano Se and 2 g garlic kg−1 diet (Diet2) and reared at low (LD, 24 fish per tank), medium (MD, 48 fish per tank), and high (HD, 96 fish per tank) stocking densities. After 60 days, growth was highest in Diet2‐LD and Diet2‐MD groups and lowest in Diet1‐HD group. Results showed an extreme low or high density induced stress responses. At all densities, serum cortisol and glucose levels were significantly lower and amylase and lipase activities were higher in fish fed diet 2. The protease, catalase, and GPx activities were highest in the Diet2‐MD group. The highest SOD activity was observed in medium‐density groups. The serum malondialdehyde level was lowest in Diet2‐LD and Diet2‐MD groups. Thus, higher dietary levels of Nano Se and garlic are recommended to suppress stress and improve growth, digestive activity, and antioxidant capacity in grass carp. In addition, farming fish at medium density is the most optimal aquaculture practice.
Therapeutic Borderlands: Austerity, Maternal HIV Treatment, and the Elusive End of AIDS in Mozambique
Authors: Chapman Rachel R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract“End of AIDS” requires ambitious testing, treatment, and adherence benchmarks, like UNAIDS’ “90‐90‐90 by 2020.” Mozambique's efforts to improve essential maternal/infant antiretroviral treatment (ART) exposes how austerity‐related health system short‐falls impede public HIV/AIDS service‐delivery and hinder effective maternal ART and adherence. In therapeutic borderlands—where household impoverishment intersects with health‐system impoverishment—HIV+ women and over‐worked care‐providers circumnavigate scarcity and stigma. Worrisome patterns of precarious use emerge—perinatal ART under‐utilization, delayed initiation, intermittent adherence, and low retention. Ending HIV/AIDS requires ending austerity and reinvesting in a public sector health workforce to ensure universal health coverage as household and community safety nets.
Seabed mining could come at a high price for a unique fauna
Authors: Leray Matthieu , Machida Ryuji J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe deep seafloor is teeming with life, most of which remains poorly known to science. It also constitutes an important reserve of natural resources, particularly minerals, that mining companies will start harvesting in the next few years (Nat Rev Earth Environ, 1, 2020, 158). In this context, broad biodiversity assessments of deep‐sea ecosystems are urgently needed to establish a baseline prior to mining. However, significant gaps in our taxonomic knowledge and the high cost of sampling in the deep sea limit the effectiveness of conventional morphology‐based surveys. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Laroche et al. (Mol Ecol, 2020) capitalize on high throughput molecular methods to conduct one of the most detailed and rigorous surveys of the composition and biogeography of deep‐seafloor metazoan communities to date. The authors show that deep seamounts in the Clarion Clipperton Zone are inhabited by rich metazoan communities that are distinct from those of the surrounding abyssal plains. These results have important conservation implications: if communities on deep seamounts were to persist after large‐scale industrial mining operations on the surrounding plains, the seamounts would not serve as appropriate reservoirs to repopulate impacted areas.
A hybrid deep learning model for predictive flood warning and situation awareness using channel network sensors data
Authors: Dong Shangjia , Yu Tianbo , Farahmand Hamed , Mostafavi Ali 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is to create and test a hybrid deep learning (DL) model, FastGRNN‐FCN (fast, accurate, stable and tiny gated recurrent neural network‐fully convolutional network), for urban flood prediction and situation awareness using channel network sensors data. The study used Harris County, Texas, as the testbed, and obtained channel sensor data from three historical flood events (e.g., 2016 Tax Day Flood, 2016 Memorial Day Flood, and 2017 Hurricane Harvey Flood) for training and validating the hybrid DL model. The flood data are divided into a multivariate time series and used as the model input. Each input comprises nine variables, including information of the studied channel sensor and its predecessor and successor sensors in the channel network. Precision‐recall curve and F‐measure are used to identify the optimal set of model parameters. The optimal model with a weight of 1 and a critical threshold of 0.59 are obtained through 100 iterations based on examining different weights and thresholds. The test accuracy and F‐measure eventually reach 97.8% and 0.792, respectively. The model is then tested in predicting the 2019 Imelda Flood in Houston and the results show an excellent match with the empirical flood. The results show that the model enables accurate prediction of the spatial–temporal flood propagation and recession and provides emergency response officials with a predictive flood warning tool for prioritizing the flood response and resource allocation strategies.
Aquinas on the Nature of Christ's Punishment and its Role in His Work of Satisfaction
Authors: Waldow Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to explicate Thomas Aquinas' teaching regarding the nature of satisfaction, punishment, and the relation between the two in the Passion of Christ. This task is undertaken as a response to recent treatments of Aquinas' soteriology that misinterpret his understanding of the penal nature of Christ's work of satisfaction. I argue that Aquinas' explication of Christ's ‘satisfactory punishment’ on the cross does not reduce the salvific significance of the Passion to the mere endurance of a penalty in order to fulfill an arbitrary legal requirement, nor does it reflect a notion of God as wrathful and delighting in human suffering. Rather, the punishment that constitutes the Passion is a complex reality that is willed by God and chosen by Christ as a fitting means of attaining the end of his saving mission, namely, the healing and elevation of sinners.
Respiratory movement in Ondine’s curse after unilateral medullary infarction: A case report
Authors: Hirayama Takuro , Tateishi Yohei , Kanamoto Tadashi , Matsuoka Ryutaro , Kutsuna Fumiya , Hayashi Nobutaka , Yamashita Kairi , Shima Tomoaki , Ota Rie , Nagaoka Atsushi , Yoshimura Shunsuke , Miyazaki Teiichiro , Horie Nobutaka , Izumo Tsuyoshi , Tsujino Akira 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOndine's curse secondary to unilateral medullary infarction has been reported. However, the mechanism remains unclear. This case of a patient with an infarction extending from the right side of the medulla oblongata to the spinal cord at the C1 level showed absence and decrease of respiratory movement on the right and left sides of the chest, respectively, during automatic respiration. The physiological respiratory findings implied that Ondine's curse due to unilateral medullary infarction could be caused by both the impaired regulation of automatic respiration and the disconnection of the projection to ipsilateral phrenic motoneurons.
The budding and depth of invasion model in oral cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wahab Awais , Onkamo Oona , Pirinen Matti , Almangush Alhadi , Salo Tuula 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTumour budding (B) and depth of invasion (D) have both been reported as promising prognostic markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This meta‐analysis assessed the prognostic value of the tumour budding and depth of invasion combination (BD model) in OSCC.MethodsDatabases including Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for articles that studied the BD model as a prognosticator in OSCC. PICO search strategy was “In OSCC patients, does BD model have a prognostic power?” We used the reporting recommendations for tumour marker prognostic studies (REMARK) criteria to evaluate the quality of studies eligible for systematic review and meta‐analysis.ResultsNine studies were relevant as they analysed the BD model for prognostication of OSCC. These studies used either haematoxylin and eosin (HE) or pan‐cytokeratin (PCK)‐stained resected sections of OSCC. Our meta‐analysis showed a significant association of BD model with OSCC disease‐free survival (hazard ratio = 2.02; 95% confidence interval = 1.44–2.85).ConclusionsThe BD model is a simple and reliable prognostic indicator for OSCC. Evaluation of the BD model from HE‐ or PCK‐stained sections could facilitate individualized treatment planning for OSCC patients.
When does transparency improve public services? Street‐level discretion, information, and targeting
Authors: Bauhr Monika , Carlitz Ruth 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTransparency has been widely promoted as a tool for improving public service delivery; however, empirical evidence is inconclusive. We suggest that the influence of transparency on service provision is contingent on the nature of the service. Specifically, we argue that transparency is more likely to improve the quality of service provision when street‐level discretion is high. Discretion increases information asymmetries, and, in the absence of transparency, allows officials to target public services in suboptimal ways. Using finely grained data from the Vietnam Provincial Governance and Public Administration Performance Index between 2011 and 2018, we show that communes that experience increases in transparency also experience improved quality of education and health (services characterized by greater discretion), while the quality of infrastructure provision (characterized by less discretion) bears no relation to increased transparency. The findings help us understand when transparency can improve service provision, as well the effects of transparency reforms in non‐democratic settings.
Bureaucratic responsiveness in times of political crisis: The case of presidential impeachment
Authors: Lee Don S. , Park Soonae 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe question of who controls the bureaucracy has been widely debated in the political science and public administration literatures. However, to whom bureaucrats are responsive and to what extent are relatively unknown, particularly outside the US. To understand how organizational behaviour changes according to external political environments, we leverage a unique setting, that of the 2016 presidential impeachment in South Korea. We analyse original experimental data from more than 1,000 civil servants, gathered as part of a nationally representative survey, in order to estimate the degree to which civil servants chose to incorporate the president's preferences into their policy decisions before and after her impeachment. We find that presidential impeachment has a differential impact on the responsiveness of civil servants across the formal ranks of the personnel, controlling for their political views and several other individual characteristics. While bureaucrats were similarly responsive to the President before impeachment regardless of their grades, senior civil servants were significantly more responsive to the President after impeachment than were lower‐ranking bureaucrats. Our study contributes to the literature on organizational theory and public management the evidence that civil servants' attitudes are shaped by the structure of bureaucratic organizations and change with external settings involving elected principals.
China as Exemplar: Justin Lin, New Structural Economics, and the Unorthodox Orthodoxy of the China Model
Authors: Åberg John H. S. , Becker Derick 
Published: October 2020

Despite vociferous disagreement by scholars and ambivalence by China over a “China Model” of development, China is still held up as an exemplar of development. Nowhere is this clearer than in the theory of New Structural Economics (NSE) promulgated by the former Chief Economist of the World Bank, Justin Lin. We seek to critically engage Lin's theory apropos of China and China's geopolitical and economic interests in Africa. Lin argues that developing countries can learn from China's development experience, and his theory, NSE, fills this experience with theoretical content. China, though often dismissive of a “China Model,” gains a soft power advantage from its association with NSE as an exemplar and from Lin's own role in rationalizing China‐Africa economic interests in purely analytical and intellectual terms. In Ethiopia, the regime actively heeded Lin's policy advice and implemented development policies in line with his theoretical model. Justin Lin's “China Model” is not an antagonistic model, but part of mainstream economic theorizing. It does not represent a competing counter‐hegemonic model. It is complementary to the global capitalist system. This is the unorthodox orthodoxy of Justin Lin's “China Model.”Related Articles (in this Special Issue)Davidsson, Simon. 2020. “Modeling the Impact of a Model: The (Non)Relationship between China's Economic Rise and African Democracy.” Politics & Policy 48 (5).Hodzi, Obert, and John H. S. Åberg. 2020. “Introduction to the Special Issue: Strategic Deployment of the China Model in Africa.” Politics & Policy 48 (5).Ziso, Edson. 2020. “The Political Economy of the Chinese Model in Ethiopia.” Politics & Policy 48 (5).
Emotional responses of parents participating for the first time in caregiving for their baby in a neonatal unit
Authors: Dicky Odile , Kuhn Pierre , Akrich Madeleine , Reynaud Audrey , Caeymaex Laurence , Tscherning Charlotte ,   the GREEN Committee (Groupe de Réflexion et d’Evaluation de l’Environnement du Nouveau‐né de la Société Française de Néonatologie)
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundParents of term and preterm infants hospitalised at birth experience a stressful situation. They are considered as primary caregivers in neonatal units and are encouraged to participate in their child’s care.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to analyse the feelings of parents participating for the first time in caregiving for their baby admitted at birth in a neonatal unit in France and to compare the feelings reported by parents of term and preterm infants.MethodsAn online survey was created in 2014 for parents who had a baby hospitalised at birth. We analysed parents’ responses to this open‐ended question: “How did you feel when you participated in caregiving for your baby for the first time?” using a qualitative discourse analysis by two analysts. Themes were identified and coded.ResultsBetween February 2014 and March 2018, 1603 parents of preterm infants and 239 parents of term infants responded to this open‐ended question. Twenty‐five per cent of parents expressed positive feelings exclusively (confidence, ease, joy, pride, feeling supported by healthcare professionals, by their family and feeling of being a parent), 41% expressed negative feelings exclusively (stress, fear, feeling of being judged, frustration, anger, uselessness and clumsiness) and 34% expressed mixed feelings (both positive and negative). Parents of term infants expressed less frequent feelings of stress and fear than parents of preterm infants: with a relative risk (RR) of 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56, 0.87. Parents of term babies more frequently expressed feelings of frustration: RR 2.40 (95% CI 1.33, 4.32).ConclusionsInfant‐ and Family‐Centred Developmental Care supportive programmes are recommended within neonatal units in order to improve the experience of parents participating in caregiving for their baby hospitalised at birth.
Labour market liberalization and the rise of dualism in Europe as the interplay between governments, trade unions and the economy
Authors: Simoni Marco , Vlandas Tim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhy have labour market reforms varied so much across European countries in the 30 years preceding the economic crisis? We argue that the degree of liberalization over time in each country depends on the interaction between governments' partisan leaning, the strength of trade unions and the economic problem‐load pushing governments to adopt distinct labour market reform strategies. Building on existing literature, we interpret ‘dualizing’ labour market reforms as weaker forms of liberalization and test our argument on the cross‐national variation in over 200 labour market reforms carried out in 14 western European countries between 1985 and 2007. Our empirical results show that governments are less likely to liberalize if they face a strong union movement and the economic problem‐load is low. However, even in countries with strong unions, opposition may not always manage to block change. First, as unemployment becomes more severe, unions' ability to reduce the likelihood of liberalization strongly decreases. Second, trade unions often do not manage to prevent liberalization advanced by social democratic governments. Third, governments can devise three (non‐rival) strategies to deflect opposition: (1) they can re‐regulate parts of the labour market to protect certain workers from liberalization; (2) generous unemployment benefits can cushion the costs of liberalization, thereby increasing its likelihood; and (3) they can carry out two‐tier reforms to insulate insider (unionized) workers employed in permanent contracts, which limits union opposition. By identifying the complex interactions between variables that explain variation in labour market liberalization across European countries, this article contributes to our understanding of the evolution of European political economy.
Two Kinds of External Possession in Mississippi Choctaw
Authors: Tyler Matthew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExternal possession refers to the phenomenon where a DP is marked as an independent argument in its clause but is interpreted as the possessor of another argument. Choctaw makes extensive use of external possession, but, puzzlingly, it comes in two distinct morphological profiles. Previous work has assumed these to be surface morphological variants, but this article shows instead that external possession in Choctaw is derived by two distinct mechanisms. One mechanism involves building a DP with an internal possessor and raising the possessor out to a higher, left‐peripheral position. The alternative mechanism involves building two unconnected DPs, one in an internal‐argument position and one in a high applicative phrase, and identifying the higher DP with the possessor θ role of the lower DP in the process of semantic composition, by a mechanism known as delayed saturation. I demonstrate that this latter mechanism can generate external possession of objects and unaccusative subjects, depending on whether there is an external argument, and is subject to a host of interpretative restrictions that the movement‐based mechanism is not. Thus I show not only that external possession can be derived by two different mechanisms but also that those mechanisms may coexist in the same language.
Mixing commonly used crystalloid solutions with red blood cells in five common additives does not negatively impact hemolysis, aggregometry, or deformability
Authors: Yarnoff Kristine , Dodd‐o Jeffrey M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundLiterature is beginning to challenge the belief that it is unsafe to coinfuse red blood cells (RBCs) with solutions other than isotonic saline. We recently showed that additive‐free RBCs tolerated coincubation with Plasma‐Lyte or catecholamines dissolved in normal saline (NS), though 5% dextrose in water (D5W) promoted hemolysis. Herein, we evaluate the effect of coincubating crystalloids on additive‐preserved RBC hemolysis, aggregation, and membrane deformability.Study Design and MethodsRBCs were coincubated 5 minutes with plasma, NS, Plasma‐Lyte, lactated Ringer's (LR) or D5W (1 mL PRBC +131.3 μL solution). Samples were then assessed for hemolysis (free hemoglobin), aggregation (critical shear stress [mPa]), and membrane deformability (elongation index [EI]). Significance (P ≤ .05) by t test or ANOVA with post‐hoc Tukey‐Kramer test.ResultsAdditive‐prepared RBCs coincubated with crystalloid instead of plasma demonstrated: (a) no increase in hemolysis as indicated by plasma free hemoglobin levels that is likely to be clinically relevant; (b) no increase, but in some cases a decrease, in aggregation as indicated by critical shear stress; and (c) in some combinations, a deterioration in deformability. When present, the deformability decrease was likely clinically insignificant in degree, and always returned to normal when the crystalloid was subsequently diluted out with plasma.ConclusionOur data suggest that additive‐prepared RBCs coincubated for 5 minutes with any of four common crystalloids demonstrate no clinically relevant increased lysis, increased aggregation, or decreased deformability.
Prevalence of intra‐abdominal hypertension in horses with colic
Authors: Foth Patrick W. , Scott Victoria H. , Mudge Margaret C. , Hurcombe Samuel D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine an abdominal pressure cutoff value for intra‐abdominal hypertension (IAH) in the horse and characterize IAH in horses with acute colic.DesignProspective clinical cohort.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsNine healthy adult horses and 56 horses with acute colic.InterventionsVentral intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP) was measured in triplicate at end expiration and averaged. Each colic case was classified as medical or surgical and large intestine (LI) or small intestine (SI). Management and final outcome (alive, euthanized, or died) were recorded. IAH was defined as ≥32 mm Hg (mean + 2 SDs of ventral IAP in control horses). Proportions of horses with and without IAH for different lesions were expressed as fractions and percentages.Differences in IAP between groups were determined using ANOVA with post‐testing or t‐tests. Odds ratio for management strategy (ie, need for medical or surgical) in horses with IAH was performed using Fisher's exact test. P < 0.05 was considered significant.Measurements and Main ResultsIAP was higher in horses with colic compared to controls (P = 0.025). Over 18 months, 30.4% of horses with colic had IAH (n = 10 LI lesions, n = 7 SI lesions). Horses with LI medical lesions had the highest IAP of all lesions (mean 36.5 mm Hg). IAH horses with medical lesions were 15 times more likely to survive than IAH horses requiring surgery (P = 0.03).ConclusionsAcute colic in horses is associated with an increased ventral IAP compared with healthy controls. IAH does exist in horses with colic, notably LI medical lesions, and is associated with nonsurvival in horses that require surgery.
Building with Digital Tools
Authors: Hatch Cory 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Researchers at Idaho National Laboratory have adapted digital engineering technology to help build the Department of Energy’s proposed Versatile Test Reactor (VTR). It is expected that developing VTR via digital engineering will significantly reduce risk by organizing all the project’s data and models in a centralized, interactive system that guides the complex project from inception, through design and construction, and into operations.