bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance and evaluation in computed tomographic colonography screening: protocol for a cluster randomised trial
Authors: Plumb Andrew A , Obaro Anu E , Bassett Paul , Baldwin-Cleland Rachel , Halligan Steve , Burling David 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is a common, important healthcare priority and improving patient outcome relies on early diagnosis. Colonoscopy and computed tomographic colonography (CTC) are commonly-used diagnostic tests. Although colonoscopists are highly regulated and must be accredited, no analogous process exists for CTC. There are currently no universally accepted radiologist performance indicators for CTC, and lack of regulatory oversight may lead to variability in quality and lower neoplasia detection rates. This study aims to determine whether a structured educational training and feedback programme can improve radiologist interpretation accuracy.MethodsNHS England CTC reporting radiologists will be cluster randomised to either an intervention (one-day individualised training and assessment with feedback) or control (assessment with no training or feedback) arm. Each cluster represents radiologists reporting CTC in a single NHS site. Both the intervention and control arm will undertake four CTC assessments at baseline, 1-month (after training; intervention arm or enrolment; control arm), 6- and 12 months to assess their detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) and 6mm+ polyps. The primary outcome will be difference in sensitivity at the 1-month test between arms. Secondary outcomes will include sensitivity at 6 and 12 months and radiologist characteristics associated with improved performance. Multilevel logistic regression will be used to analyse per-polyp and per-case sensitivity. Local ethical and Health Research Authority approval have been obtained.DiscussionLack of infrastructure to ensure that CTC radiologists can report adequately and lack of consensus regarding appropriate quality metrics may lead to variability in performance. Our provision of a structured education programme with feedback will evaluate the impact of individualised training and identify the factors related to improved radiologist performance in CTC reporting. An improvement in performance could lead to increased neoplasia detection and better patient outcome.RegistrationClinical Trials (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02892721); available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02892721. NIHR Clinical Research Network (CPMS ID 32293).
An NKX2-1/ERK/WNT feedback loop modulates gastric identity and response to targeted therapy in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zewdu Rediet , Mehrabad Elnaz Mirzaei , Ingram Kelley , Fang Pengshu , Gillis Katherine L. , Camolotto Soledad A. , Orstad Grace , Jones Alex , Mendoza Michelle C. , Spike Benjamin T. , Snyder Eric L. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTCancer cells undergo lineage switching during natural progression and in response to therapy. NKX2-1 loss in human and murine lung adenocarcinoma leads to invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA), a lung cancer subtype that exhibits gastric differentiation and harbors a distinct spectrum of driver oncogenes. NKX2-1 is required for optimal tumor initiation, but dispensable for growth of established tumors, in BRAFV600Edriven disease. NKX2-1-deficient, BRAFV600Edriven tumors resemble human IMA and exhibit a distinct response to BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Whereas BRAF/MEK inhibitors drive NKX2-1-positive tumor cells into quiescence, NKX2-1-negative cells fail to exit the cell cycle after the same therapy. BRAF/MEK inhibitors also induce cell identity switching in NKX2-1-negative lung tumors within the gastric lineage, which is driven in part by WNT signaling and FoxA1/2. These data elucidate a complex, reciprocal relationship between lineage specifiers and oncogenic signaling pathways in the regulation of lung adenocarcinoma identity that is likely to impact lineage-specific therapeutic strategies.
Clinical Features of COVID-19-Related Liver Damage
Authors: Fan Zhenyu , Chen Liping , Li Jun , Tian Cheng , Zhang Yajun , Huang Shaoping , Liu Zhanju , Cheng Jilin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDA recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs mainly in China, with rapidly increasing the number of cases (namely COVID-19). Abnormal liver functions are frequently present in these patients, here we aimed to clarify the clinical features of COVID-19-related liver damage to provide some references for the clinical treatment.METHODSIn this retrospective, single-center study, we included all confirmed COVID-19 cases in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from January 20 to January 31, 2020. The outcomes were followed up until February 19, 2020. A total of 148 cases were analyzed for clinical features, laboratory parameters (including liver function tests), medications and the length of stay.FINDINGSOf 148 confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, 49.3% were females and 50.7% were males. The median age was 50.5 years (interquartile range, 36-64). Patients had clinical manifestations of fever (70.1%), cough (45.3%), expectoration (26.7%) at admission. 75 patients (50.7%) showed abnormal liver functions at admission. Patients (n = 75) who had elevated liver function index were more likely to have a moderate-high degree fever (44% vs 27.4%; p = 0.035) and significantly present in male patients (62.67% vs 38.36%; p = 0.005). The numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly lower in abnormal liver function group than those in normal liver function group. There was no statistical difference in prehospital medications between normal and abnormal liver function groups, while the utilization rate of lopinavir/ritonavir after admission was significantly higher in patients with emerging liver injury than that in patients with normal liver functions. Importantly, the emerging abnormal liver functions after admission caused a prolonged length of stayINTERPRETATIONSARS-CoV-2 may cause the liver function damage and the Lopinavir/ritonavir should be applied carefully for the treatment of COVID-19.FUNDINGShanghai Science and Technology Commission Fund Project and National Science and Technology Major Project
Influence of a Dietary Supplement on the Gut Microbiome of Overweight Young Women
Authors: Joller Peter , Cabaset Sophie , Maurer Susanne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of the gut microbiome cannot be overstated. Besides the help in digestion, it influences the immune system, produces immunologic and neurologic communication molecules, hormones and vitamins. The gut microbiome is also involved in controlling the BMI (Body Mass Index).ObjectivesWe attempted to influence the gut microbiome with a herbal yeast-based dietary supplement in 26 women (BASEC ID 2016-02162; ClinicalTrials.govNCT03223987, BS2016.1) with a BMI between 30 and 35 and and aged 25 to 35 years within 3 weeks. The clinical trial was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Our hypothesis was that the supplement modifies the microbiome individually by more than 20%.MethodsWith shotgun sequencing in the 2 stool samples of each participant we found 68 bacterial species.ResultsThe microbiome was altered by more than 20%. Five bacterial species were identical to probiotic species known as good butyrate producers and described as beneficial for the gut. Seventy percent of our study cohort showed an increase in the majority of these beneficial microbes during the study. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes is an important parameter in analyzing overweight persons. Twelve of the participants initially showed a F/B ratio (Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio) above 1.6. After three weeks, five of these women normalized.ConclusionsA baker’s yeast-based food supplement is able to modulate the gut microbiome of overweight young women within 3 weeks.Lay SummaryTwenty-six overweight women 25 to 35 years old took an alimentary supplement consisting of plasmolyzed herbal baker’s yeast during three weeks. The goal was to influence the gut bacteria (microbiome). In the stool samples by molecular techniques we could show that the amount of individual bacteria in our cohort changed by more than 20% within the 3 weeks. Some the bacteria found are described as beneficial in the scientific literature. Over 70% of the participants showed an increase in the majority of these advantageous microbes.Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the two major phyla in our microbiome. The ratio of these phyla is associated with the body weight. The more Bacteroidetes, the lower the ratio and the body weight. During ingestion of the supplement, in 14 participants the ratio became lower.
Dysphagia and associated pneumonia in stroke patients from India
Authors: Krishnamurthy Rahul , Premkumar Priya Karimuddanahally , Balasubramanium Radish Kumar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndia has high incidence (116-163 per 100,000) of stroke compared to western countries. Stroke is reported to be the fourth leading cause of death and fifth leading cause of disability in India. Dysphagia is seen approximately in half of the stroke patients and if unidentified may result in pulmonary complications such as aspiration pneumonia. However, there is no estimate of post stroke dysphagia and associated pneumonia in India.MethodUsing the PRISMA methodology, a systematic search for recent literature on dysphagia in stroke was carried out across all the major databases. Two authors independently screened the titles and the abstracts, and those selected articles were assessed for quality using the GRADE approach. Comparisons were made of reported dysphagia and pneumonia frequencies, the relative risks of developing pneumonia were calculated. Data on duration of hospital stay and rates of mortality were also extracted.ResultsWe identified 86 citations, out of which only four articles were deemed eligible for critical analyses and data extraction. A high incidence (11.1% - 87.5%) of dysphagia was observed among stroke patients. Only two studies reported on incidence of pneumonia (22.8% - 32%); only one study stratified patients by both dysphagia and pneumonia. A relative risk of 5.82 (95% CI 4.6, 7.2) was found for pneumonia in patients with stroke and dysphagia. Data on length of hospital stay and rates of mortality secondary to aspiration pneumonia are also presented.ConclusionDespite high incidence of dysphagia and associated pneumonia the methodological quality of studies are low. There is a dire need for methodologically sound studies to accurate determine the incidence of dysphagia and its impact on stroke patients in India.
Co-recruitment of relatives in a broadcast-spawning coral (Acropora hyacinthus) facilitates emergence of an inbred, genetically distinct group within a panmictic population
Authors: Barfield Sarah , Davies Sarah W. , Matz Mikhail V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMany broadly-dispersing marine taxa are species-rich, show genetic heterogeneity on small spatial scales, and are locally adapted to their environmental conditions. How such genetic subdivisions can emerge despite the potential for high gene flow continues to be the major paradox of evolution in the sea. One understudied process potentially contributing to genetic structuring in marine populations is variation in larval recruitment. Here, we report an unusual recruitment pattern in the broadcast-spawning coral speciesAcropora hyacinthuson Yap Island, Micronesia. Reduced representation genotyping of 275 individuals of varying size classes on this isolated reef system demonstrated general island-wide panmixia but also identified a genetically divergent group of juvenile corals at one out of the four sites sampled, showing elevated inbreeding and relatedness, including two pairs of siblings. Notably, adult corals as well as the majority of juveniles at the same site belong to the panmictic gene pool, suggesting that representatives of the inbred lineage of juveniles co-recruited and may be partially reproductively isolated from the rest of the island population. Reproductive isolation is suggested by the discovery of distinct genomic regions of greatly reduced genetic diversity in the inbred lineage, encompassing genes involved in sperm-egg recognition and fertilization that may serve as reproductive barrier loci. We propose that co-recruitment of genetic relatives via cohesive dispersal, a process that was previously unrecognized in broadcast-spawning corals, can generate familial genetic structure and might be important for the emergence of genetically distinct, locally adapted ecomorphs and cryptic species.
The role of replication-removal spatial correlations and cellular replicative lifespan in corneal epithelium homeostasis
Authors: Strinkovsky Lior , Havkin Evgeny , Shalom-Feuerstein Ruby , Savir Yonatan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHomeostasis in adult tissues relies on the replication dynamics of stem cells, their progenitors and the spatial balance between them. This spatial and kinetic coordination is crucial to the successful maintenance of tissue size and its replenishment with new cells. However, our understanding of the role of cellular replicative lifespan and spatial correlation between cells in shaping tissue integrity is still lacking. We developed a mathematical model for the stochastic spatial dynamics that underlie the rejuvenation of corneal epithelium. Our model takes into account different spatial correlations between cell replication and cell removal. We derive the tradeoffs between replicative lifespan, spatial correlation length, and tissue rejuvenation dynamics. We determine the conditions that allow homeostasis and are consistent with biological timescales, pattern formation, and mutants phenotypes. Our results can be extended to any cellular system in which spatial homeostasis is maintained through cell replication.
CRISPR-TAPE: protein-centric CRISPR guide design for targeted proteome engineering
Authors: Anderson DP. , Benns HJ. , Tate EW. , Child MA 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRational molecular engineering of proteins with CRISPR-based approaches is challenged by the gene-centric nature of gRNA design tools. To address this, we have developed CRISPR-TAPE, a protein-centric gRNA design algorithm that allows users to target specific residues, or amino acid types within proteins. gRNA outputs can be customized to support maximal efficacy of homology-directed repair for engineering purposes, removing time consuming post-hoc curation, simplifying gRNA outputs, and reducing CPU times.
User review helpfulness assessment based on sentiment analysis
Authors: Zeng Ziming , Zhou Zhi , Mu Xiangming 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the relationship between sentiment and review helpfulness and develop a method to fully use sentiment features in review helpfulness assessment. In addition, this paper explores whether product type influences evaluating review helpfulness.

Design/methodology/approach
First, a high-quality data set with a manually coded helpfulness score was constructed. Second, detailed research question methods were conducted. Finally, methods were applied to the data set to extract information gain and sentiment scores. Gradient boosting and random forest methods were used to classify the data set with these features through recall, precision and F-measure to understand the research questions.

Findings
Review sentiment has a deep relationship with review helpfulness, and it can be a strong predictor of review helpfulness by refining it into more detailed scores; a combination of sentiment scores and information gain works very well on classification for two product types. Product type does not show a significant influence on helpfulness assessment.

Originality/value
This paper provides a different perspective for measuring review sentiment by clarifying the relationship between sentiment and review helpfulness, analysing the role of product type in review helpfulness assessment, and proposing a high-value feature combination. In addition, the author believes that the assessment method can be effectively applied to practical works.
Ameliorating time and cost control with project learning and communication management
Authors: Yap Jeffrey Boon Hui , Skitmore Martin 
Published: February 2020

PurposeLegions of projects fail to attain their time and cost objectives due to ineffective coordination. This is often due to a lack of essential learning from projects because of insufficient communication and working experience. One of the key reasons why this occurs is that managers are unaware of what knowledge needs to be retained. In contrast with knowledge management research, which mostly focuses on the systems and processes for capturing, storing, and retrieval of knowledge, this paper investigates the nature of project communication and learning and their role on project time and cost control.Design/methodology/approachA stratified proportional purposive sampling approach was adopted in choosing the interview participants for the study. They are experienced industry practitioners working on building construction projects in Malaysia. Content analysis was then performed on the interview data. The identified variables were further validated by 11 industry experts from the three primary construction stakeholders.FindingsThe results of a series of 12 in-depth interviews with industry practitioners are provided to reveal the effective communication tools for sharing and learning in a project-based environment, the learning inducing situations involved, and the use of reusable project experiences to improve project time and cost control.Research limitations/implicationsA possible limitation of the study is its focus on a small group of Malaysian practitioners delimits the generalizability of the findings.Originality/valueA two-phase model with three-step project management process of input, tools, and output is developed from the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Guide as an aid for more effective knowledge reuse in project time and cost control in the future.
Human capital and AI in industry 4.0. Convergence and divergence in social entrepreneurship in Russia
Authors: Popkova Elena G. , Sergi Bruno S. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to determine the future proportion and variants of usage of human intellect and artificial intelligence (AI) in entrepreneurship of industry 4.0 that fits social entrepreneurship the most. It could be convergence (simultaneous utilization during the same entrepreneurial processes with the emphasis on unique features by the terms of the competition) or divergence (usage during different business processes by the terms of labor division).Design/methodology/approachThe authors determine the influence of usage of human capital and AI on the efficiency of social entrepreneurship. The authors identify the perspective directions of usage of AI in social entrepreneurship and evaluate the readiness and interest in the implementation of these directions of concerned parties. The authors also model the optimal proportions and the variant of usage of human intellect and AI in social entrepreneurship in the conditions of Industry 4.0 in the future (until 2030).FindingsIt is found that social entrepreneurship will use the opportunities of Industry 4.0 for optimization of its activities until 2030, but will refuse from full automatization, using human intellect and AI at the same time.Originality/valueThe most perspective directions of application of AI at social companies are a collection of social goods and services, marketing studies and promotion of social goods and services. Neither convergence nor divergence of human and artificial intellectual capital does not fully conform to the interests of concerned parties. The most preferable (optimal) variant of usage of human intellect and AI in social entrepreneurship in the Industry 4.0 is human intelligent decision support.
Use of knowledge management systems: analysis of the strategies of Brazilian small and medium enterprises
Authors: Marques Júnior Euro , Gobbo Jose Alcides , Fukunaga Fernando , Cerchione Roberto , Centobelli Piera 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to highlight the degree of diffusion and intensity of use of knowledge management systems (KMSs) among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Brazil and apply a taxonomy that synthesizes the strategies of use of KMSs by the SMEs. In addition, it seeks to better understand the processes, practices and technologies of KM by SMEs, pointing improvements in the KMS of Brazilian SMEs and contributing to obtain better results in the search for efficiency and innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a literature review on KMSs used by SMEs, an empirical investigation was conceived, developed and conducted through online questionnaires involving 49 selected SMEs operating in several sectors.

Findings
This paper reinforces the results of the previous work of Cerchione and Esposito (2017) that point to the existence of a reciprocal relationship between KM-Tools and KM-Practices: one reinforces the other and vice versa. On the other hand, it indicates a difference in the behavior of Brazilian companies in relation to the sample of Italian companies studied by Cerchione and Esposito (2017), which presented a negative correlation between the general differentiation index and the general use intensity index of SMEs, while the Brazilian ones showed a positive correlation.

Research limitations/implications
The study points out the need for greater dissemination of practices and tools to support knowledge management (KM), as well as greater support for the implementation and effective use of these practices and tools within the organizational context of SMEs.

Practical implications
This paper identifies the main practices and tools to support KM used by Brazilian SMEs, indicating the need for investments in employee training and acquisition of tools.

Social implications
SMEs represent an important part of the generation of jobs and income in Brazil. Initiatives that lead to the successful implementation of tools and practices to support KM can increase the efficiency and productivity of these organizations.

Originality/value
This paper applies in a sample of Brazilian companies the taxonomy proposed by Cerchione and Esposito (2017) combining strategies of SMEs for the use of KMSs.