bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAZymes-based ranking of fungi (CBRF): an interactive web database for identifying fungi with extrinsic plant biomass degrading abilities
Authors: Kameshwar Ayyappa Kumar Sista , Ramos Luiz Pereira , Qin Wensheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCarbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) are industrially important enzymes, which are involved in synthesis and breakdown of carbohydrates. CAZymes secreted by microorganisms especially fungi are widely used in industries. However, identifying an ideal fungal candidate is costly and time-consuming process. In this regard, we have developed a web-database “CAZymes Based Ranking of Fungi (CBRF)”, for sorting and selecting an ideal fungal candidate based on their genome-wide distribution of CAZymes. We have retrieved the complete annotated proteomic data of 443 published fungal genomes from JGI-MycoCosm web-repository, for the CBRF web-database construction. CBRF web-database was developed using open source computing programing languages such as MySQL, HTML, CSS, bootstrap, jQuery, JavaScript and Ajax frameworks. CBRF web-database sorts complete annotated list of fungi based on three selection functionalities: (a) to sort either by ascending (or) descending orders; (b) to sort the fungi based on a selected CAZy group and class; (c) to sort fungi based on their individual lignocellulolytic abilities. We have also developed a simple and basic webpage “S-CAZymes” using HTML, CSS and Java script languages. The global search functionality of S-CAZymes enables the users to understand and retrieve information about a specific carbohydrate-active enzyme and its current classification in the corresponding CAZy family. The S-CAZymes is a supporting web page which can be used in complementary with the CBRF web-database (knowing the classification of specific CAZyme in S-CAZyme and use this information further to sort fungi using CBRF web-database). The CBRF web-database and S-CAZymes webpage are hosted through Amazon®Web Services (AWS) available athttp://13.58.192.177/RankEnzymes/about. We strongly believe that CBRF web-database simplifies the process of identifying a suitable fungus both in academics and industries. In future, we intend to update the CBRF web-database with the public release of new annotated fungal genomes.
Infant and young child nutritional status and their caregivers’ feeding knowledge and hygiene practices in internally displaced person camps, Somalia
Authors: Kalid Mohamed , Osman Fatumo , Sulaiman Munshi , Dykes Fiona , Erlandsson Kerstin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
In an attempt to design an educational programme targeting caregivers of children aged 6 to 59 months in internally displaced persons camps in Somalia, the objective of this study was twofold. First, to explore the nutritional situation of all children aged 6–59 months enrolled in a nutrition programme provided by Save the Children in 2017 in internally displaced persons camps. Second, to identify gaps in the caregivers’ hygiene and feeding practices.

Methods
In a study of 1655 households, 1655 caregivers for 2370 children aged 6 to 59 months enrolled in a nutrition programme provided by Save the Children answered an adapted questionnaire on hygiene and feeding practices. At the same time, based on standard criteria in the questionnaire, naturalistic observations of caregivers’ hygiene practices were conducted. Every child in the study was measured with anthropometric Mid-Upper-Arm Circumference measurements for the classification of Moderate Acute Malnutrition, Severe Acute Malnutrition and Global Acute Malnutrition. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis.

Results
1) There was Severe (12.1%) and Global Acute (19.9%) Malnutrition among children included in the nutrition programme, more frequently in the 6–24 month age group compared to the 25–59 month age group (p < 0.01). 2). The practices in the households were below what could generally be considered hygienic. 3) There was poor caregivers’ knowledge of breastfeeding benefits and complementary foods.

Conclusion
Child malnutrition might derive from gaps in the caregiver’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding hygiene and infant feeding. An awareness of these gaps can be helpful in designing future educational programmes that target caregivers, particularly in at-risk population groups.
Biological activities of spores and metabolites of some fungal isolates on certain aspects of the spiny bollworms Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Abd-ElAzeem Eman Mohammed , El-Medany Warda Ahmed Zaki , Sabry Hend Mohammed 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBiological activities of spores and metabolites of some fungi isolated from dead larva of the spiny bollworms (SBW), Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), against the newly hatched larvae of the pest were carried out. Results showed that the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae, Acremonium sp., and Paecilomyces variotii had affected the newly hatched larvae of (SBW). Acremonium sp. was the most potent one as it had the highest newly hatched larval mortality percentage (65 and 58.33%) for its spore suspension and metabolites, respectively, while the lowest one (41%) was for P. variotii metabolites. Also, spore suspensions of the all fungal isolates had the highest larval mortality than fungal metabolites. Studying the enzymatic activity showed that Acremonium sp. produced protease enzyme on media containing gelatin, which caused the highest larval mortality (72.22%).These isolates showed different effects on all stages of the pest and decreased pupal weight, adult emergence percentages, deposited eggs, and hatchability percentages than the control. Identification of Acremonium sp. EZ1 was confirmed using 18 s rRNA and its accession number MN25101.
A qualitative inquiry of sexuality in Iranian couples using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills paradigm
Authors: Merghati Khoei Effat , Moeini Babak , Barati Majid , Soltanian Ali Reza , Shahpiri Ehsan , Ghaleiha Ali , Bagherikholenjani Fahimeh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSexuality is interwoven with individuals’ information, motivation, and behaviors.ObjectiveTo explore sexually related information, motivation, and behaviors that Iranian newly married couples utilized through their marital lives.MethodsWe employed in-depth face-to-face interviews with 22 couples between the ages of 21 and 35 years to collect rich qualitative data. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. Our data analysis process was guided by the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model as a potential framework for understanding of the participants’ sexual and marital lives.ResultsIMB’s conceptual bases were adequately reflected in the participants’ sexual narratives. The participants highlighted information needs related to their sexual relationships and services that should be provided by the relevant programs in the educational and national health system. Fulfillment of each other’s sexual needs was identified as the most important motivation of the participants. Sexual needs of husband, love, and liking were the main motivations for women’s sexual submission. The main behaviors found included couples’ communication skills and performing using feminine traits by women in order to fit the role of a sexually skillful wife.ConclusionOur data analysis revealed that couples shared a proper comprehension of each other’s means of sexual behaviors. A dominance of religious discourse, non-verbal, mostly physical means of communication was employed by the couples to express or initiate sexual interactions. Furthermore, our findings support the utility of IMB as a potential basis for understanding married couples’ sexual lives. Our data highlight an implication to expand the motivation structure of the IMB model to incorporate an individual’s sexual understandings and the sexual needs to promote mutual and pleasurable sexual life within the Iranian culture.
Phytoconstituents of Adenanthera pavonina Linn from the bark extracts
Authors: Ara Arzumand , Saleh-E-In Md. Moshfekus , Hashem Md. Abul , Ahmad Mesbahuddin , Hasan Choudhury Mahmood 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Adenanthera pavonina L. is an important medicinal plant and its barks are used in traditional medicine for treating different diseases. Therefore, a phytochemical investigation was carried out to isolate and identify secondary metabolites from its barks.

Results
Seven compounds namely ethyl 3,3-dimethyl-13-hydroxytridecanoate (1), stigmasta-5,22-dien-3β-ol (2), tert.butyl tridecanoate (3), 6-α-hydroxy stigmast-20(21)-en-3-one (4) of dichloromethane extract and 18-(2′, 3′-dihydroxyphenyl)nonadec-17-en-2-ol (5), 1-(N-propyl amino)-2-henecosanone (6), and stigmast–5(6), 20(21)-diene-3-one (7) were isolated from the barks of Adenanthera pavonina Linn. Of these compounds, 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 appear new. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques, mainly by NMR.

Conclusions
Five new and two known compounds have been isolated and characterized from the bark of A. pavonina. The isolated compounds could be a potential template for the synthesis and development of new lead compounds with interesting pharmacological properties.

Graphical abstract
Fabrication and evaluation of a medicated hydrogel film with embelin from Embelia ribes for wound healing activity
Authors: Shrimali Hiral , Mandal Uttam Kumar , Nivsarkar Manish , Shrivastava Neeta 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
There has been huge interest among the researchers to incorporate a medicinally active compounds in hydrogel sheets for effective treatment of wound healing. This research work involves development and evaluation of medicated hydrogel sheet incorporated with embelin which has both antimicrobial and wound healing activity. Embelin was isolated from the fruits of Embelia ribes and characterized by various physical and analytical methods like melting point, UV/VIS spectroscopy, and HPTLC. The hydrogel sheets containing polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol was prepared by freeze-thaw technique, where isolated embelin was successfully incorporated within the sheet. The prepared hydrogel sheets were further characterized by in vitro drug release study, swelling capacities, gel fraction, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), mechanical strength, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study. Finally, the optimized hydrogel with embelin was evaluated for its wound healing efficacy in vivo using excision wound model on Sprague–Dawley rats.

Results
The optimized hydrogel sheet had a composition of 5% PEG 400 and 10% PVA. It had acceptable in physico-chemical properties with respect to swelling capacities, gel fraction, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and mechanical strength The release of the drug from hydrogel followed zero order kinetics with more than 80% drug release within 12 h. The in vivo studies on the Sprague–Dawley showed faster healing process with embelin loaded hydrogels as compared to the control and market formulation.

Conclusions
Sheet hydrogel with 0.2% embelin was found to have huge potential for moist wound healing activity.
Longitudinal trajectories of brain age in young individuals at familial risk of mood disorder
Authors: de Nooij Laura , Harris Mathew A. , Hawkins Emma L. , Clarke Toni-Kim , Shen Xueyi , Chan Stella W. Y. , Ziermans Tim B. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Whalley Heather C. 
Published: December 2019

Background:Within young individuals, mood disorder onset may be related to changes in trajectory of brain structure development. To date, however, longitudinal prospective studies remain scarce and show partly contradictory findings, with a lack of emphasis on changes at the level of global brain patterns. Cross-sectional adult studies have applied such methods and show that mood disorders are associated with accelerated brain ageing. Currently, it remains unclear whether young individuals show differential brain structure ageing trajectories associated with onset of mood disorder and/or presence of familial risk.Methods:Participants included young individuals (15-30 years, 53%F) from the prospective longitudinal Scottish Bipolar Family Study with and without close family history of mood disorder. All were well at time of recruitment. Implementing a structural MRI-based brain age prediction model, we globally assessed individual trajectories of age-related structural change using the difference between predicted brain age and chronological age (brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD)) at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. Based on follow-up clinical assessment, individuals were categorised into three groups: (i) controls who remained well (C-well,n= 93), (ii) high familial risk who remained well (HR-well,n= 74) and (iii) high familial risk who developed a mood disorder (HR-MD,n= 35).Results:At baseline, brain-PAD was comparable between groups. Results showed statistically significant negative trajectories of brain-PAD between baseline and follow-up for HR-MD versus C-well (β= -0.60,pcorrected< 0.001) and HR-well (β= -0.36,pcorrected= 0.02), with a potential intermediate trajectory for HR-well (β= -0.24 years,pcorrected= 0.06). Conclusions:These preliminary findings suggest that within young individuals, onset of mood disorder and familial risk may be associated with a deceleration in brain structure ageing trajectories. Extended longitudinal research will need to corroborate findings of emerging maturational lags in relation to mood disorder risk and onset.
Estonian geminate plosives: some durational characteristics
Authors: Ermus Liis 
Published: December 2019

Consonants in Estonian occur in three quantity degrees: short, long, and overlong. Plosives have also been described as lenis and fortis. Long and fortis correspond to geminate. As single plosives have been described acoustically several times, only overall durations of geminates have been reported. The present study examines durational patterns of geminate plosives in Estonian and their relations to the same patterns in single plosives. Influences of articulation place, quantity, syllable structure, and speech style on overall duration, burst duration, and voiced transition were sought. The biggest differences in duration occurred due to quantity degree. Some influence of syllable structure occurred, similar to previous findings. Patterns were mostly similar to those in singleton plosives, although there were some differences in voicing. Almost no difference compared to singletons with respect to burst phase duration was found.
Kokkuvõte. Liis Ermus: Eesti keele geminaatklusiilid: kestust puudutavaid tunnuseid. Eesti keele konsonandid esinevad kolmes vältes: lühike, pikk ja ülipikk. Sulghäälikuid on kirjeldatud ka leenise ja fortisena. Pikk ja ülipikk välde ning fortis vastavad geminaadile. Lühikeste sulghäälikute akustikat eesti keeles on korduvalt uuritud, kuid geminaatide kohta on esitatud vaid mõningast kestusinfot. Käesolev uurimus keskendus eesti keele geminaatsulghäälikute kestuses esinevatele korrapäradele ja nende võrdlusele lühikeste sulghäälikute kestusmustritega. Vaadeldi häälduskoha, välte, silbistruktuuri ja kõnestiili mõju häälikute üldkestusele, samuti vallandumisfaasi ja helilise algussiirde kestusele. Suurimad kestuserinevused olid tingitud välteerinevustest. Ilmnes mõningane silbistruktuuri mõju, mis oli kooskõlas eelnevate uurimustega. Kestusmustrid olid üldjoontes sarnased lühikeste sulghäälikute kestusmustritega, põhilised erinevused esinesid helilisuses. Vallandumisfaasi kestuses seevastu polnud võrreldes lühikeste häälikutega peaaegu mingeid erinevusi.
Märksõnad: eesti keel, geminaadid, sulghäälikud, kestus, seotud kõne, akustiline foneetika
Sõna esinemissagedus ja tähenduste eristamise vajadus häälduse mõjutajana
Authors: Kalvik Mari-Liis , Piits Liisi 
Published: December 2019

Artikkel käsitleb kaht eesti keeles varieeruvat nähtust: h hääldamist sõna alguses ning i-tüveliste (C)VVC-struktuuriga sõnade lõpukonsonantide palatalisatsiooni. Mõlema nähtuse puhul uuritakse, milline on sõna esinemissageduse ning tähenduste eristamise vajaduse mõju hääldusele. Uurimismaterjaliks on 42 h-algulist sõna ja 30 pika vokaaliga ühesilbilist i-tüvelist sõna, mis on keelejuhtide poolt ette loetud. 94 keele juhi 3945 hääldusjuhu uurimine andis tulemuseks, et a) h väljahääldamine oli valdav (92% juhtudest); b) suurema esinemissagedusega sõnades oli sõnaalguline h enamasti lühem ja see jäeti välja hääldamata sagedamini kui väiksema esinemis sagedusega sõnades; c) esines tendents, et sõnades, kus h-l on tähendust eristav ülesanne, oli h veidi sagedamini ja veidi pikemalt välja hääldatud. 40 keelejuhi 1280 hääldusjuhu analüüs näitas, et a) väiksema esinemissagedusega sõnu ei palataliseeritud märgatavalt vähem kui suurema esinemissagedusega sõnu ning b) sõnu, kus palatalisatsiooni esinemine eristab tähendusi, palataliseeriti rohkem.
Abstract. Mari-Liis Kalvik and Liisi Piits: Word frequency and a meaning-distinguishing function of a phoneme as a reason for variation. The article investigates the variation of word-initial /h/ and palatalization in i-stemmed monosyllabic words with a (C)VVC structure. Two possible causes of the variation were examined: word frequency and meaning-distinguishing function of a phoneme. Material was collected by means of a reading task. The text consisted of words with both the word-initial /h/ and palatalized consonants. Altogether, 5225 pronunciations were analysed. The results show that: a) in 92% of occasions the word-initial /h/ was pronounced; b) in high frequency words, the word initial /h/ was shorter or absent more often than in low frequency words; c) the word-initial /h/ in a meaning-distinguishing position tended to be more often pronounced and to be longer; d) consonant palatalization in i-stemmed words with a (C)VVC structure did not depend significantly on word frequency; and e) in the words where palatalization had a meaning- distinguishing function, the palatalized consonant was slightly longer than in the words where the function did not exist.
Keywords: Estonian, word-initial /h/, palatalization, reading experiment, word frequency, meaning-distinguishing function, duration
Towards a vividness in synthesized speech for audiobooks
Authors: Pajupuu Hille , Altrov Rene , Pajupuu Jaan 
Published: December 2019

The goal of this study was to determine which acoustic parameters are significant in differentiating the speaking styles of a narrator and that of male and female characters as voiced by a reader of audiobooks. The study was initiated by a need to improve the expressivity and differentiation of speaking styles in fiction books read out by synthesized voices. The corpus used as research material was created from an audio novel, as read by a professional male voice artist. To determine whether it is possible to identify these speaking styles from the voice of the reader, a web-based perception test consisting of 48 sentences was conducted. The results showed that the listeners identified all three styles. For acoustic analysis, the openSMILE toolkit was used and 88 eGeMAPS-defined parameters were extracted for every sentence in the corpus. All styles were differentiated by 38 statistically significant parameters. To improve vividness, synthesizers aimed at reading fiction books could be trained to perform all three styles.
Kokkuvõte. Hille Pajupuu, Rene Altrov ja Jaan Pajupuu: Teel audioraamatute sünteeskõne elavdamisele. Uurimuse eesmärk oli teada saada, milli sed olulisemad akustilised parameetrid eristavad audioraamatu lugeja hääles jutustaja kõnet ning mees- ja naistegelaste otsekõnet. Uurimuse tingis vajadus parandada sünteeshäälega loetavate juturaamatute väljendus rikkust ja kõnestiilide eristatavust. Uurimismaterjalina kasutati professionaalse meeshäälega loetud audioromaani „Tõde ja õigus I“ põhjal loodud korpust. Et teada saada, kas audioraamatu lugeja hääle põhjal on kuulaja võimeline eristama eri kõnestiile (jutustaja kõnet, mees- ja naistegelaste otsekõnet), koostati 48 lausest koosnev tajutest. Testi tulemused näitasid, et kuulajad tundsid ära kõik kolm kõnestiili. Akustiliseks analüüsiks kasutati kogu korpuse materjali. openSMILE’i tööriistaga ekstraheeriti kõnest iga lause jaoks 88 eGeMAPSis defineeritud parameetrit. Statistiliselt oluliselt eristasid kõnestiile 38 parameetrit, millest 18 oli seotud hääle kvaliteedi ja tämbriga, 11 hääle valjusega, 8 hääle kõrgusega ja 1 tempoga. Kuna tajutest ja akustiliste parameetrite analüüs näitasid, et audioraamatus eristusid nii jutustaja kõne, naistegelaste otsekõne kui ka meestegelaste otsekõne, võib pidada otstarbekaks õpetada juturaamatuid ettelugevaid süntesaatoreid esitama kõiki kolme kõnestiili.
Märksõnad: audioraamatud, kõnestiil, otsekõne, karakteri kõne, GeMAPS, kõneanalüüs, ekspressiivne kõnesüntees
Stable and finely tunable optoelectronic oscillator based on stimulated Brillouin scattering and an electro-optic frequency shift
Authors: Zeng Zhen , Zhang Zhiyao , Zhang Lingjie , Zhang Shangjian , Zhang Yali , Sun Bao , Liu Yong 
Published: December 2019

We demonstrate a stable and finely tunable optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) based on stimulated Brillouin scattering. In the proposed scheme, the optical carrier in the OEO loop and the Brillouin pump light is generated by a single laser source, which guarantees the frequency stability of the output microwave signal from the OEO. Frequency tuning is achieved by varying the pump frequency via an electro-optic frequency shifter composed of a dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) and an electrical 90° hybrid. Through subtly varying the frequency of the low-frequency microwave signal applied to the DPMZM, a finely tunable high-frequency microwave signal can be obtained from the OEO. In the proof-of-concept experiment, the output frequency of the OEO is tuned from 10.645 GHz to 12.645 GHz with a tuning resolution of 10 MHz. The stable performance of the OEO is also achieved, where the maximum frequency and power drifts at 11.145 GHz are measured to be 6.25 kHz (i.e.,

∼

0.6

p
p
m

) and 0.77 dB in a measurement time duration of 1000 s, respectively. Through using broadband devices in the OEO architecture, the proposed scheme can generate stable and finely tunable microwave signals up to 40 GHz or even higher.
Method of fiber transfer delay measurement based on phase quantization and delay synthesis
Authors: Qin Donglin , Jin Xiaofeng , Yu Xianbin , Jin Xiangdong , Zheng Shilie , Zhang Xianmin , Wang Guoyong , Tan Qinggui 
Published: December 2019

A novel method, to the best of our knowledge, of fiber transfer delay (FTD) measurement based on phase quantization and delay synthesis is proposed and demonstrated. By detecting the differential phase shifts of a set of frequency-multiplied RF signals transmission through the fiber link with and without the FTD under the test, the

2

π

phase ambiguity problem can be solved. To avoid the phase quantization error near the digital quantization boundary, a self-check and error-correction method is proposed so as to greatly improve the reliability of measurement. In the experiment, the measurement repeatability around 0.018 ps within a period of 80 s is achieved for a back-to-back fiber link, and a test resolution of 0.03 ps is proved with a motorized tunable delay line. The system is available for measurement of a large FTD range up to 100 µs with no dead zone.