bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kawasaki Disease and Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome Hospitalization Rates in the United States, 2006–2018
Authors: Maddox Ryan A. , Person Marissa K. , Kennedy Jordan L. , Leung Jessica , Abrams Joseph Y. , Haberling Dana L. , Schonberger Lawrence B. , Belay Ermias D. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a febrile illness of unknown etiology. Patients with Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS) may present with clinical signs of poor perfusion and systolic hypotension in addition to typical KD features. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention analyzes and interprets large hospitalization databases as a mechanism for conducting national KD surveillance.

Methods:
The Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID), the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS), and the IBM MarketScan Commercial (MSC) and MarketScan Medicaid (MSM) databases were analyzed to determine KD-associated hospitalization rates and trends from 2006 to the most recent year of available data. KD and potential KDSS hospitalizations were defined using International Classification of Disease-Clinical Modification codes.

Results:
For the most recent year, the KD-associated hospitalization rates for children <5 years of age were 19.8 (95% CI: 17.2–22.3, KID: 2016), 19.6 (95% CI: 16.8–22.4, NIS: 2017), 19.3 (MSC: 2018), and 18.4 (MSM: 2018) per 100,000. There was no indication of an increase in KD rates over the time period. Rates of potential KDSS among children <18 years of age, ranging from 0.0 to 0.7 per 100,000, increased; coding indicated potential KDSS for approximately 2.8%–5.3% of KD hospitalizations.

Conclusions:
Analyses of these large, national databases produced consistent KD-associated hospitalization rates, with no increase over time detected; however, the percentage of KD hospitalizations with potential KDSS increased. Given reports of increasing incidence elsewhere and the recent identification of a novel virus-associated syndrome with possible Kawasaki-like features, continued national surveillance is important to detect changes in disease epidemiology.
Liver Tumours in Children
Authors: Kelgeri Chayarani , Renz Diane , McGuirk Simon , Schmid Irene , Sharif Khalid , Baumann Ulrich 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTDiagnostic and therapeutic innovations have changed the way we now approach liver tumours in children and adolescents. Novel imaging tools, increasing awareness, and surveillance has led to early diagnosis of benign and malignant liver tumours. Multidisciplinary interventions have favourably altered the natural course in some liver tumours. The role of liver transplantation is expanding and has become fully integrated into today's therapeutic algorithms. Transarterial locoregional and ablation therapies have been successful in adults and are being explored in children to facilitate resectability and improve outcome. For the first time, North American, Japanese, and European experts have designed a global trial to optimize management of malignant liver tumours and aim to find signature molecular profiles that will translate to individualised treatment strategies.This article aims to offer an overview of recent advances in our understanding of liver tumours in children. It focuses on the paediatric hepatologist's view and their role in the multidisciplinary management of benign and malignant liver tumours.
Predicting Suboptimal Transitions in Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Pearlstein Haley , Bricker Josh , Michel Hilary K. , Afzali Anita , Donegan Amy M. , Maltz Ross M. , Boyle Brendan M. , Dotson Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are at risk for disease exacerbations and increased health care utilization around the time of transition to adult care. Our aim was to identify risk factors predictive of a suboptimal transition for AYA with inflammatory bowel disease.Materials and Methods:We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with pediatric inflammatory bowel disease transferred to adult care from our institution in 2016 and 2017, recording demographic, psychosocial, and disease‐specific data. Post‐transfer data were obtained via the health care information exchange from the adult provider within our electronic medical record. We defined suboptimal transition as either a return to pediatric care or requiring care escalation within 1 year of transfer.Results:Out of 104 subjects 37 (36%) were found to have had a suboptimal transition. Our models suggest that a suboptimal transition is associated with several risk factors including any mental health diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 4.15; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.18–14.59), history of medication nonadherence (OR = 5.15 [95% CI: 1.52–17.42]), public insurance (OR = 6.60 [95% CI: 1.25–34.96]), higher Physician Global Assessment score at time of transition (OR = 6.64 [95% CI: 1.60–27.58], and short Pediatric Crohn Disease Activity Index scores (OR = 1.17 [95% CI: 1.03–1.33]). Higher hemoglobin levels at transition were protective (OR = 0.69 [95% CI: 0.48–0.98]). Age at time of transition, disease duration, and medication type at transition were not found to be associated with transition outcomes.Conclusion:AYA with public insurance, a mental health history, medication nonadherence, and evidence of active disease may be at greater risk for suboptimal and poor health outcomes at transition.
Increase in HIV incidence in women exposed to rape
Authors: Abrahams Naeemah , Mhlongo Shibe , Dunkle Kristin , Chirwa Esnat , Lombard Carl , Seedat Soraya , Kengne Andre P. , Myers Bronwyn , Peer Nasheeta , Garcia-Moreno Claudia , Jewkes Rachel 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To determine the incidence of HIV acquisition in women postrape compared with a cohort of women who had not been raped.

Design:
A prospective cohort study.

Methods:
The Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation study based in Durban, South Africa, enrolled women aged 16–40 years from postrape care services, and a control group of women from Primary Healthcare services. Women who were HIV negative at baseline (441 in the rape-exposed group and 578 in the control group) were followed for 12–36 months with assessments every 3 months in the first year and every 6 months thereafter. Multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for baseline and time varying covariates were used to investigate the effect of rape exposure on HIV incidence over follow-up.

Results:
Eighty-six women acquired HIV during 1605.5 total person-years of follow-up, with an incident rate of 6.6 per 100 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.8–9.1] among the rape exposed group and 4.7 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 3.5–6.2) among control group. After controlling for confounders (age, previous trauma, social support, perceived stress, multiple partners and transactional sex with a casual partner), women exposed to rape had a 60% increased risk of acquiring HIV [adjusted hazard ratio: 1.59 (95% CI: 1.01–2.48)] compared with those not exposed. Survival analysis showed difference in HIV incident occurred after month 9.

Conclusion:
Rape is a long-term risk factor for HIV acquisition. Rape survivors need both immediate and long-term HIV prevention and care.
The expression of repulsive guidance molecule a after traumatic brain injury: Time-course changes in gene expression in a murine model of controlled cortical impact
Authors: Uemura Eri , Tajima Goro , Murahashi Shimon , Matsumoto Naoya , Tokunaga Ayako , Miura Miyuki , Murase Takehiko , Ikematsu Kazuya , Tasaki Osamu 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION
Repulsive guidance molecule a (RGMa) is a key protein that negatively regulates neuronal regeneration as its inhibition enhances axonal growth and promotes functional recovery in animal models of spinal cord injury. However, the role of RGMa in traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains elusive. This study aimed to clarify TBI-responsive RGMa expression in a murine model.

METHODS
Adult male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact. Brains were extracted 6 hours and 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after injury (n = 6 in each group). Changes in the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of RGMa and its receptor, neogenin, were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the damaged area of the cortex and contralateral cortex, along with expression measurement of inflammation-related molecules. Neurological deficit was also assessed by the cylinder test.

RESULTS
Neurological score was consistently lower in the TBI group compared to the sham group throughout the experimental period. The mRNA expressions of representative inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and chemokine receptor CCR2 were remarkably increased in the injured cortex on day 1 and gradually decreased over time, although remaining at higher values at least until day 14. The mRNA expressions of RGMa and neogenin were significantly suppressed in the damaged cortex until day 3. Interestingly, RGMa expression was suppressed most on day 1 and recovered over time.

CONCLUSION
In the acute phase of TBI, gene expression of inflammatory cytokines significantly increased, and gene expressions of RGMa and neogenin significantly decreased in the inflammatory milieu of the damaged area. Despite the subsequent remission of inflammation, RGMa gene expression recovered to the normal level 1 week after TBI. Intrinsic regenerative response to acute brain injury might be hampered by the following recovery of RGMa expression, hinting at the possibility of functional RGMa inhibition as a new, effective maneuver against TBI.
A meta-analysis of brain DNA methylation across sex, age and Alzheimer’s disease points for accelerated epigenetic aging in neurodegeneration
Authors: Pellegrini C , Pirazzini C , Sala C , Sambati L , Yusipov I , Kalyakulina A , Ravaioli F , Kwiatkowska KM , Durso DF , Ivanchencko M , Monti D , Lodi R , Franceschi C , Cortelli P , Garagnani P , Bacalini MG 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by specific alterations of brain DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns. Age and sex, two major risk factors for AD, are also known to largely affect the epigenetic profiles in the brain, but their contribution to AD-associated DNAm changes has been poorly investigated. In this study we considered publicly available DNAm datasets of 4 brain regions (temporal, frontal, entorhinal cortex and cerebellum) from healthy adult subjects and AD patients, and performed a meta-analysis to identify sex-, age- and AD-associated epigenetic profiles. We showed that DNAm differences between males and females tend to be shared between the 4 brain regions, while aging differently affects cortical regions compared to cerebellum. We found that the proportion of sex-dependent probes whose methylation changes also during aging is higher than expected, but that differences between males and females tend to be maintained, with only few probes showing sex-by-age interaction. We did not find significant overlaps between AD- and sex-associated probes, nor disease-by-sex interaction effects. On the contrary, we found that AD-related epigenetic modifications are significantly enriched in probes whose DNAm changes with age and that there is a high concordance between the direction of changes (hyper or hypo-methylation) in aging and AD, supporting accelerated epigenetic aging in the disease.In conclusion, we demonstrated that age-associated, but not sex-associated DNAm concurs to the epigenetic deregulation observed in AD, providing new insight on how advanced age enables neurodegeneration.
Rapid response to a measles outbreak in Ifanadiana District, Madagascar
Authors: Finnegan Karen E. , Haruna Justin , Cordier Laura F. , Razafinjato Benedicte , Rakotonirina Luc , Randrianambinina Andriamihaja , Rakotozafy Emmanuel , Andriamihaja Benjamin , Garchitorena Andres , Bonds Matthew H. , Ouenzar Mohammed Ali 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTIn 2019, Madagascar experienced the nation’s largest documented measles outbreak ever. From September 2018 to January 2020, nearly 225,000 individuals were infected, slightly more than 1,000 of whom died. Madagascar is one of the poorest countries in the world with one of the least funded health systems. Here, we present the experience of how Madagascar’s Ministry of Health (MoH) partnered with a non-governmental organization, PIVOT, to rapidly respond to a measles outbreak in the rural district of Ifanadiana, in the southeast of the country. The epidemic reached Ifanadiana in January of 2019. By August, there were more than 4,800 identified cases of suspected measles, including 157 hospitalizations. Over the course of two weeks in February 2019, the MoH and PIVOT mobilized nine teams of 220 total staff to vaccinate 69,949 children aged 6 months to 10 years at schools and community events. Surrounding the campaign, health workers were trained in measles identification and provided with medication for symptom management. The measles response required overcoming health system weaknesses and geographic barriers which are endemic throughout the country and create chronic challenges for the provision of routine preventive and curative care. This response demonstrates that rapid mobilization of an organized health system response is feasible even in hard-to-reach areas.KEY POINTSMadagascar experienced the island’s worst measles outbreak in history as a result of low vaccination coverage.In Ifanadiana District, the Ministry of Health and a non-governmental health organization collaborated to respond to the measles outbreak with a mass vaccination campaign, sensitization, and provision of supplies to health facilities for the management of disease complications.The measles outbreak in Madagascar highlights the need for an increased focus on routine preventive care, especially in hard-to-reach communities; calls attention to the consequences of ruptures in the care continuum; and highlights the need for timely, continuous, de-centralized epidemiologic data.The response to the outbreak in one rural district is evidence that health care can be delivered in remote areas.
Long-range PCR-based NGS applications to diagnose Mendelian retinal diseases
Authors: Maggi Jordi , Koller Samuel , Bähr Luzy , Feil Silke , Pfiffner Fatma Kivrak , Hanson James V. M. , Maspoli Alessandro , Gerth-Kahlert Christina , Berger Wolfgang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to develop a flexible, cost-efficient next-generation sequencing (NGS) protocol for genetic testing.MethodsLong-range polymerase chain reaction (LR PCR) amplicons of up to 20 kb in size were designed to amplify entire genomic regions for a panel (n=35) of loci associated with retinal diseases (RDs). Amplicons were pooled and sequenced by NGS. The analysis was applied to 227 probands diagnosed with RD: (A) 108 previously molecularly diagnosed, (B) 94 without previous genetic testing, (C) 25 undiagnosed after exome sequencing (ES).ResultsThe method was validated with 100% sensitivity on cohort A. LR PCR-based sequencing revealed likely causative variant(s) in 51% and 24% of proband from cohorts B and C, respectively. Breakpoints of 3 CNVs could be characterized. LR PCR libraries spike-in extended coverage data of ES. Read phasing confirmed compound heterozygosity in 5 probands.ConclusionThe proposed sequencing protocol provided deep coverage of the entire gene including intronic and promoter regions. Our method can be used (i) as a first-tier assay to reduce genetic testing costs, ii) to elucidate missing heritability cases, iii) to characterize breakpoints of CNVs at the nucleotide level, iv) to extend WES data to non-coding regions by spiking-in LR libraries, and v) to help with phasing of candidate variants.
Real-life evaluation of a rapid antigen test (Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device) for SARS-CoV-2 detection in asymptomatic close contacts of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Torres Ignacio , Poujois Sandrine , Albert Eliseo , Colomina Javier , Navarro David 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesThere is limited information on the performance of rapid antigen detection (RAD) tests to identify SARS-CoV-2-infected asymptomatic individuals. In this field study, we evaluated the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device (Abbott Diagnostics, Jena, Germany) for the purpose.MethodsA total of 634 individuals (355 female; median age, 37 years; range, 9-87) were enrolled. Household (n=338) contacts were tested at a median of 2 days (range, 1-7) after diagnosis of the index case and non-household contacts (n=296) at a median of 6 days (range, 1-7) after exposure. RAD testing was carried out at the point of care. The RT-PCR test used was the TaqPath COVID-19 Combo Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Massachusetts, USA).ResultsIn total, 79 individuals (12.4%) tested positive by RT-PCR, of whom 38 (48.1%) yielded positive RAD results. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the RAD test was 48.1% (95% CI: 37.4-58.9) and 100% (95% CI: 99.3-100), respectively. Sensitivity was higher in household (50.8%; 95% CI: 38.9-62.5) than in non-household (35.7%; 95% CI:16.3-61.2%) contacts. Individuals testing positive by RAD test were more likely (P<0.001) to become symptomatic than their negative counterparts.ConclusionThe Panbio test displays low sensitivity in asymptomatic close contacts of COVID-19 patients, particularly in non-household contacts. Nonetheless, establishing the optimal timing for upper respiratory tract collection in this group seems imperative to pinpoint test sensitivity.
Self-directed experiential learning to meet ever-changing entrepreneurship demands
Authors: Morris Thomas Howard , König Pascal D. 
Published: December 2020

PurposePolicy makers have called for more entrepreneurship throughout societies as a response to the digital transformation. This paper argues that the rapidly changing conditions of the digital age indeed mark a change in the bases of entrepreneurship. Specifically, as adaptivity becomes key, a learning capacity and general ability to adapt becomes a critical factor in entrepreneurial activity. The paper identifies self-directed learning (SDL) as a fundamental competence in this regard and examines its role for entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial competence.Design/methodology/approachThe paper develops a theoretical framework for the role of SDL in entrepreneurship through a process of systematic review of previous studies that have linked SDL to entrepreneurship.FindingsThe formulated theoretical framework shows how SDL competence combines with experiential learning in supporting the kind of adaptivity needed for entrepreneurial competence, especially under more rapidly changing conditions. SDL competence also gains wider importance through enabling individuals to meet the demands of organizational changes in our highly volatile world.Practical implicationsSDL competence prepares individuals for entrepreneurship and resilience in face of rapid changes as well as for being more entrepreneurial in the conduct of their lives more generally. Fostering SDL competence can thus be regarded as an important objective of entrepreneurship education.Originality/valueThe described self-directed experiential learning cycle offers a novel perspective that clarifies how both self-directed and experiential learning competences are integral for understanding the basis of adaptiveness in entrepreneurial activity.
Research on underwear pressure prediction based on improved GA-BP algorithm
Authors: Cheng Pengpeng , Chen Daoling , Wang Jianping 
Published: December 2020

PurposeFor comfort evaluation of underwear pressure, this paper proposes an improved GA algorithm to optimize the weight and threshold of BP neural network, namely PSO-GA-BP neural network prediction model.Design/methodology/approachThe objective parameters of underwear, body shape data, skin deformation and other data are selected for simulation experiments to predict the objective pressure and subjective evaluation in dynamic and static state. Compared with the prediction results of BP neural network prediction model, GA-BP neural network prediction model and PSO-BP neural network prediction model, the performance of each prediction model is verified.FindingsThe results show that the BP neural network model optimized by PSO-GA algorithm can accelerate the convergence speed of the neural network and improve the prediction accuracy of underwear pressure.Originality/valuePSO-GA-BP model provides data support for underwear design, production and processing and has guiding significance for consumers to choose underwear.
Ambient assisted living and European funds: a bibliometric approach
Authors: Puliga Gloria , Nasullaev Akhatjon , Bono Flavio , Gutiérrez Eugenio , Strozzi Fernanda 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe authors analyse the impact of European funding research programmes on the topic of Ambient Assisted Living by considering its status, future context, and the implications for prospective knowledge management.Design/methodology/approachThe authors apply our variation of classical Systematic Literature Review – Systematic Literature Network Analysis, which also includes bibliographic networks – to identify the readership cliques of the associated technological publication outputs.FindingsThe authors’ main conclusion suggests that there was an increase in scientific production on AAL fields just after the start of the two EU funding programmes (2008 and 2014). Three main research directions were identified: activity and vital sign recognition, human-computer interaction and technology acceptance.Originality/valueTo date, previous reviews on Ambient Assisted Livig focus on specific aspects, such as the study of technology. The present review provides a complete overview of Ambient Assisted living technology and it grasps how the European funds have impacted on the development of this technology.
Investigating the link between intellectual capital and open innovation processes: a longitudinal case study
Authors: Matricano Diego , Candelo Elena , Sorrentino Mario , Cappiello Giuseppe 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper investigates the link between Intellectual Capital (IC) and Open Innovation (OI). Scholars worldwide consider the topics as standing alone and so they give scarce attention to the possible link between them. Managerial experiences (and few theoretical contributions), instead, hypothesize a significant role that IC can play over OI processes in order make them successful.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology of a single case study is used to investigate the link between IC and OI. In particular, an OI process managed by a global company, LEGO, and named Mindstorms is rebuilt and analysed herein.FindingsIntermediate results achieved by LEGO through its OI process were unsuccessful since the company had not developed its own IC (made up of relational, human and structural capital). The subsequent development of IC, instead, has driven to successful results. This suggests that if companies do not develop their IC before launching OI processes, then these processes might be not successful.Research limitations/implicationsOne limitation is the use of a single case study. Despite this, the present article is a warning for all the companies: before launching OI processes they need to develop their IC.Originality/valueTo the best knowledge of the authors, this is one of the first works that deepens the investigation of the link between IC and OI. Very often, scholars investigating IC shyly refer to OI, without mentioning it, while the scholars investigating OI allude to IC, without citing it. In this study, IC and OI are investigated together.