bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left and right ventricular functions may be impaired in children diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Akın Alper , Unal Edip , Yildirim Ruken , Ture Mehmet , Balik Hasan , Haspolat Yusuf Kenan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSubclinical hypothyroidism (SH) may influence both ventricular functions. The aim of this study was to evaluation the findings of Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) and other echocardiography modalities in children with SH. We compared left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and TDI parameters of patients with SH and children with euthyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism was diagnosed when thyroid stimulating hormone level was higher than the reference value of the laboratory (> 4.2 mIU/L) and free thyroxine level was in normal range. The study included a group of 35 patients with SH and a control group of 38 children with euthyroidism (mean age was 7.6 ± 3.5 years and 9.0 ± 2.4 years, respectively). LVMI was significantly higher in the patient group (p = 0.005). TDI parameters including mitral septal ejection time was lower (p = 0.003) and mitral septal myocardial performance index was higher (p = 0.009) in the patient group. Right ventricular TDI revealed that tricuspid lateral E/Ea and tricuspid septal E/Ea were higher (p = 0.015 and p = 0.024, respectively) and tricuspid septal Ea/Aa and ejection time were lower (p = 0.018 and p = 0.017, respectively) in the patient group. SH may lead to increase LVMI. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic TDI parameters (lower mitral septal ejection time, higher mitral septal myocardial performance index) as well as right ventricular systolic (lower tricuspid septal ejection time) and diastolic (higher tricuspid septal and lateral E/Ea, lower tricuspid septal Ea/Ea) functions may be also impaired in children with subclinical hypothyroidism. TDI is a useful method used for the assessment of the effect of SH on cardiac functions.
Low Omega-3 intake is associated with high rates of depression and preterm birth on the country level
Authors: Ciesielski Timothy H. , Williams Scott M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLow circulating levels of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC omega-3 PUFA) have been linked to major depressive disorder (MDD) and preterm birth (PTB), and prenatal depression associates with PTB. We therefore hypothesized that low Omega-3 intake would associate with higher MDD and PTB rates on the country-level. To test this hypothesis, we obtained country-level estimates for omega-3 intake, MDD prevalence, PTB rate, and per capita income for 184 countries in 2010. We then estimated the LC omega-3 PUFA levels that these intakes produce by accounting for direct consumption and the endogenous conversion of ingested plant-based precursors. Penalized splines indicated that MDD and PTB rates decreased linearly with increasing LC omega-3 PUFA, up to ~ 1000 mg/day for MDD and up to ~ 550 mg/day for PTB. Adjusted linear regression models below these thresholds revealed that a one standard deviation increase in LC omega-3 PUFA (380 mg/day) was associated with an MDD decrease of 5 cases/1000 people and a PTB decrease of 15 cases/1000 livebirths. In light of the extensive prior evidence on the individual-level, these findings indicate that low intake of LC omega-3 PUFA and its precursors may be elevating MDD and PTB rates in 85% of the countries studied.
Early and accurate detection and diagnosis of heart disease using intelligent computational model
Authors: Muhammad Yar , Tahir Muhammad , Hayat Maqsood , Chong Kil To 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHeart disease is a fatal human disease, rapidly increases globally in both developed and undeveloped countries and consequently, causes death. Normally, in this disease, the heart fails to supply a sufficient amount of blood to other parts of the body in order to accomplish their normal functionalities. Early and on-time diagnosing of this problem is very essential for preventing patients from more damage and saving their lives. Among the conventional invasive-based techniques, angiography is considered to be the most well-known technique for diagnosing heart problems but it has some limitations. On the other hand, the non-invasive based methods, like intelligent learning-based computational techniques are found more upright and effectual for the heart disease diagnosis. Here, an intelligent computational predictive system is introduced for the identification and diagnosis of cardiac disease. In this study, various machine learning classification algorithms are investigated. In order to remove irrelevant and noisy data from extracted feature space, four distinct feature selection algorithms are applied and the results of each feature selection algorithm along with classifiers are analyzed. Several performance metrics namely: accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, AUC, F1-score, MCC, and ROC curve are used to observe the effectiveness and strength of the developed model. The classification rates of the developed system are examined on both full and optimal feature spaces, consequently, the performance of the developed model is boosted in case of high variated optimal feature space. In addition, P-value and Chi-square are also computed for the ET classifier along with each feature selection technique. It is anticipated that the proposed system will be useful and helpful for the physician to diagnose heart disease accurately and effectively.
Diversity begets diversity in mammal species and human cultures
Authors: Hamilton Marcus J. , Walker Robert S. , Kempes Christopher P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcross the planet the biogeographic distribution of human cultural diversity tends to correlate positively with biodiversity. In this paper we focus on the biogeographic distribution of mammal species and human cultural diversity. We show that not only are these forms of diversity similarly distributed in space, but they both scale superlinearly with environmental production. We develop theory that explains that as environmental productivity increases the ecological kinetics of diversity increases faster than expected because more complex environments are also more interactive. Using biogeographic databases of the global distributions of mammal species and human cultures we test a series of hypotheses derived from this theory and find support for each. For both mammals and cultures, we show that (1) both forms of diversity increase exponentially with ecological kinetics; (2) the kinetics of diversity is faster than the kinetics of productivity; (3) diversity scales superlinearly with environmental productivity; and (4) the kinetics of diversity is faster in increasingly productive environments. This biogeographic convergence is particularly striking because while the dynamics of biological and cultural evolution may be similar in principle the underlying mechanisms and time scales are very different. However, a common currency underlying all forms of diversity is ecological kinetics; the temperature-dependent fluxes of energy and biotic interactions that sustain all forms of life at all levels of organization. Diversity begets diversity in mammal species and human cultures because ecological kinetics drives superlinear scaling with environmental productivity.
Angiotensin dependent and angiotensin independent protective effects of renin-b in H9c2 cells after anoxia
Authors: Wanka Heike , Lutze Philipp , Staar Doreen , Bracke Katharina , Golchert Janine , Peters Jörg 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe renin-angiotensin system is known to regulate blood pressure as well as water- and electrolyte balance. An activated RAS is involved in the development of hypertension and hypertension-related organ damage. Thus, inhibitors of the RAS are protective and markedly increasing the life span of patients. In contrast, renin transcripts have been discovered encoding a cytoplasmatic renin isoform, termed renin-b, which is not harmful but may be even protective. Here we demonstrate that depletion of renin-b encoding transcripts by small interference RNA decreased ATP levels and increased basal necrosis as well as apoptosis rates. Furthermore, renin-b depletion potentiated the anoxia-induced increase of necrosis rates. Vice versa, overexpression of renin-b prevented the anoxia-induced increase of caspase-mediated apoptosis rates. Besides, cells overexpressing renin-b exhibited even reduced mitochondrial mediated apoptosis rates under anoxia, when compared with normoxic conditions, as indicated by Annexin V labeling. However, whereas the protective effect of renin-b on caspase-mediated apoptosis was completely blocked by the renin inhibitor CH732, the effect on mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis was not affected by CH732 at all. From these data we conclude that renin-b overexpression mediates cardioprotective effects under anoxia with respect to mitochondrial induced apoptosis angiotensin-independently, but with respect to caspase induced apoptosis likely in an angiotensin-dependent manner.
Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP/GRP78 knockdown leads to autophagy and cell death of arginine vasopressin neurons in mice
Authors: Kawaguchi Yohei , Hagiwara Daisuke , Miyata Takashi , Hodai Yuichi , Kurimoto Junki , Takagi Hiroshi , Suga Hidetaka , Kobayashi Tomoko , Sugiyama Mariko , Onoue Takeshi , Ito Yoshihiro , Iwama Shintaro , Banno Ryoichi , Grinevich Valery , Arima Hiroshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP), also referred to as 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), is a pivotal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone which modulates the unfolded protein response under ER stress. Our previous studies showed that BiP is expressed in arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons under non-stress conditions and that BiP expression is upregulated in proportion to the increased AVP expression under dehydration. To clarify the role of BiP in AVP neurons, we used a viral approach in combination with shRNA interference for BiP knockdown in mouse AVP neurons. Injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus equipped with a mouse AVP promoter and BiP shRNA cassette provided specific BiP knockdown in AVP neurons of the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) in mice. AVP neuron-specific BiP knockdown led to ER stress and AVP neuronal loss in the SON and PVN, resulting in increased urine volume due to lack of AVP secretion. Immunoelectron microscopy of AVP neurons revealed that autophagy was activated through the process of AVP neuronal loss, whereas no obvious features characteristic of apoptosis were observed. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine exacerbated the AVP neuronal loss due to BiP knockdown, indicating a protective role of autophagy in AVP neurons under ER stress. In summary, our results demonstrate that BiP is essential for the AVP neuron system.
Relationship between depression and dorsolateral prefronto-thalamic tract injury in patients with mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Jang Sung Ho , Kwon Hyeok Gyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe prefrontal lobe has been considered to be closely related to depression. This study examined the relationship between depression and three prefronto-thalamic tract (PF-TT) regions (the dorsolateral prefronto-thalamic tract [DLPF-TT], ventrolateral prefronto-thalamic tract [VLPF-TT], and the orbitofronto-thalamic tract [OF-TT]) in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). Thirty-seven patients with depression following mild TBI were recruited based on Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores. Thirty-one normal control subjects were also recruited. The three regions of the PF-TTs were reconstructed using probabilistic tractography and DTT parameters for each of the three PF-TT regions were determined. The tract volume of the DLPF-TT and OF-TT in the patient group showed a significant decrease compared to that of the control group (p < 0.05). The BDI-II score of the patient group showed a moderate negative correlation with the tract volume value of the right (r =  − 0.33) and left (r =  − 0.41) DLPF-TT (p < 0.05). On the other hand, no significant correlations were detected between the BDI-II score of the patient group and the values of the other DTT parameters values for the three PF-TT regions (p > 0.05). Using DTT, depression was found to be closely related to a DLPF-TT injury in patients with mild TBI. We believe that evaluation of the DLPF-TT using DTT would be helpful when assessing patients with depression following mild TBI. These results can provide useful information regarding the proper application of neuromodulation in the management of depression.
Stability improvement of Cu(ii)-doped ZnS/ZnO photodetectors prepared with a facile solution-processing method
Authors: Hsiao Po-Hsuan , Wei Ta-Cheng , Chen Chia-Yun 
Published: November 2020

The solution-processed growth of Cu2+ doped ZnS as protective coatings on ZnO nanorods with improved photoresponsivity and stability was presented.
Self‐stabilising speed regulating differential mechanism for continuously variable speed wind power generation system
Authors: Yin Wenliang , Dong Zhao Yang , Liu Lin , Rui Xiaoming 
Published: November 2020

The speed regulating differential mechanism (SRDM) enables grid‐connected wind turbines (WTs) to generate constant‐frequency electric power without fully‐ or partially‐rated converters. In this study, the authors present a self‐stabilising SRDM (SS‐SRDM) consisting of a planetary gear train (PGT), a differential mechanism, and a constant speed motor for WTs to dislodge the high‐cost speed sensors, servo motor and the complicated control system from the electrical controlled SRDM. The kinematic principles and the four‐axis dynamic characteristics of SS‐SRDM are studied. An effective parameter configuration method for tuning the speed ratios of five key connection units is also proposed and used to obtain a PGT with optimal structural parameters. The detailed simulation model of a 3 MW WT with SS‐SRDM is established and then validated through physical experiments. Results show the satisfactory accuracy of the built model (maximum steady‐state errors in output shaft and speed regulating shaft are, respectively, 0.76 and 1.95%). Finally, case studies and verification work of the proposed methods are carried out, in which the rotational speed, power, speed error, and power ratio among wind rotor, SRM, and synchronous generator are obtained. Case studies well‐illustrate the availability of parameter design and the effectiveness of speed‐regulations of the proposed SS‐SRDM method.
A nonlinear solar magnetic field calibration method for the filter-based magnetograph by the residual network
Authors: Guo Jingjing , Bai Xianyong , Liu Hui , Yang Xu , Deng Yuanyong , Lin Jiaben , Su Jiangtao , Yang Xiao , Ji Kaifan 
Published: November 2020

Context. The method of solar magnetic field calibration for the filter-based magnetograph is normally the linear calibration method under weak-field approximation that cannot generate the strong magnetic field region well due to the magnetic saturation effect.
Aims. We try to provide a new method to carry out the nonlinear magnetic calibration with the help of neural networks to obtain more accurate magnetic fields.
Methods. We employed the data from Hinode/SP to construct a training, validation and test dataset. The narrow-band Stokes I, Q, U, and V maps at one wavelength point were selected from all the 112 wavelength points observed by SP so as to simulate the single-wavelength observations of the filter-based magnetograph. We used the residual network to model the nonlinear relationship between the Stokes maps and the vector magnetic fields.
Results. After an extensive performance analysis, it is found that the trained models could infer the longitudinal magnetic flux density, the transverse magnetic flux density, and the azimuth angle from the narrow-band Stokes maps with a precision comparable to the inversion results using 112 wavelength points. Moreover, the maps that were produced are much cleaner than the inversion results. The method can effectively overcome the magnetic saturation effect and infer the strong magnetic region much better than the linear calibration method. The residual errors of test samples to standard data are mostly about 50 G for both the longitudinal and transverse magnetic flux density. The values are about 100 G with our previous method of multilayer perceptron, indicating that the new method is more accurate in magnetic calibration.
Oscillations in the central brain of
Drosophila
are phase locked to attended visual features
Authors: Grabowska Martyna J. , Jeans Rhiannon , Steeves James , van Swinderen Bruno 
Published: November 2020

Significance
There is increasing evidence that even the smallest animal brains provide a capacity for selective attention and subjective awareness, but it is unknown if similar mechanisms might be employed as in higher animals. Recent work in insects highlights a brain structure, the central complex (CX), which could support selective attention processes. Recording from the CX of behaving flies making decisions in a virtual reality environment, we show that visual selection is achieved by phase-controlled endogenous 20- to 30-Hz oscillations that lock onto temporal features of attended visual objects. This suggests an oscillation-driven binding mechanism in the insect brain that employs a similar beta frequency range as has been observed for feature binding in humans.
Micromilling of Ti6Al4V alloy assisted by plasma electrolytic oxidation
Authors: Hu Yizhong , Meng Jianbing , Luan Xiaosheng , Dong Xiaojuan , Zhou Haian , Qu Linghui , Zhang Hongwei , Wei Xiuting 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper develops a novel processing method of plasma electrolytic oxidation-assisted micromilling (PEOAM). Electrolyte solutions with KH2PO4, NaAlO2, or Na2SiO3 as the main component are designed, and three types of oxide films are grown on the surface of a Ti6Al4V alloy in situ by means of plasma electrolytic oxidation. The morphology and composition of the oxide films are characterized by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrum. Additionally, the cutting force and surface roughness of PEOAM are measured by dynamometer and white light interferometer, respectively. A comparison between PEOAM and conventional micromilling in terms of cutting force, tool wear, chips, and surface roughness is conducted, with results showing that oxide films with about 20 μm thickness are loose and porous, their hardness decreasing to a minimum of 1.12 GPa, which corresponds to 23.3% of the original hardness value. At the axial cutting depth of 18 μm, compared to the Fx, Fy
, and Fz
values of the Ti6Al4V alloy substrate, the average milling forces of the NaAlO2 oxide film are the most significantly reduced (35.1%, 15.7%, and 94.8% of the original values, respectively). At the axial cutting depth of 25 μm, the surface roughness (R
a) value of PEOAM is reduced by 0.08–0.12 μm. Consequently, under the same cutting parameters, PEOAM can effectively reduce the cutting force, prolong the service life of the tool, and improve surface quality.
Bichromatically-controlled entanglement between asymmetric quantum dots in a photonic cavity
Authors: Antón M A , Gonzalo I , Carreño F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Entanglement generation and control of two spatially separated asymmetric quantum dots with broken inversion symmetry and mediated by a photonic cavity is studied using a quantum master equation formalism. The quantum dots are coherently driven by a bichromatic laser consisting of a strong optical field nearly resonant with the optical transition of each quantum dot, and a low frequency field. The optical field dresses each quantum dot, and due to the presence of large permanent dipole moments in the quantum dots they are coupled by the low frequency field. We make use of the generated dressed-state scheme for entanglement control. The master equation which describes the interaction with the cavity modes and the coherent fields is numerically solved. In order to gain some insight on the role of the external parameters on entanglement, an effective Hamiltonian for the atomic subsystem is derived in the dressed state representation by adiabatically eliminating the cavity field operators. It is found that steady-state entanglement can be controlled by means of the amplitude and frequency of the low frequency field.
Prediction of thermally induced failure for electronic equipment based on an artificial olfactory system
Authors: Ma Denglong , Liu Yuan , Zheng Liangtian , Gao Jianmin , Gao Zhiyong , Zhang Zaoxiao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The failure of electronic equipment causes serious consequences and even catastrophic fires. Abnormal thermal signals are one of the main characteristics of the failure of electronic equipment. Thus, a new method for recognizing and predicting the thermally induced failure states of electronic equipment was proposed, based on an artificial olfactory system (AOS). The AOS recognizes the state of the volatile components released during the early stages of thermally induced failure and uses it to predict the state of health of the electronic equipment. Some typical electronic devices, such as microcomputer units, electronic rectifiers, transformers, and battery modules, were tested with the AOS to recognize the failures indicated by abnormal thermal accumulation. Compared with infrared thermal imagers and gas analyzers, the PEN3 electronic nose was utilized to monitor the status of the devices under different thermal failure scenarios. It was found that infrared thermal imaging was only able to monitor the local surface temperature, and the air temperature in the device chamber changed slowly with the surface temperature of the electronic modules. However, the AOS was able to detect the abnormal change in the whole chamber. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were then adopted to investigate the features of thermally induced failure for different thermal states. The results showed that the models obtained both from LDA and PCA were able to distinguish the different states of the electronic devices. Furthermore, a support vector machine model was built, based on the AOS data, to recognize and predict the thermally induced failure processes. All the failure states of the electronic devices caused by thermal simulations were recognized successfully and the prediction accuracy was above 95%. Hence, the experimental results of this research proved that using the AOS, it is feasible to predict the thermally induced failure states of electronic equipment, and the failure of electronic devices can be forecast in advance, before the obvious temperature rise and smoke release. Moreover, the method proposed in this research can also be applied to the prediction of, and warning about, electrical fires, indoor fires, and other thermally induced accidents.