bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
YI 2.2 Spontaneous Cardiovascular Ageing of C57BL6 Mice Results in the Development of Aortic Stiffness Prior to Periphral Blood Pressure Alterations
Authors: De Moudt Sofie , Hendrickx Jhana O. , De Munck Dorien G. , Leloup Arthur J. , Martinet Wim , De Meyer Guido R. Y. , Fransen Paul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Although generally assumed to be an adaptive response to increased blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness is now recognized as an independent predictor of cardiovascular (CV) events [1]. Moreover it precedes hypertension in at least two mouse models [2,3]. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the temporal development of aortic stiffening and peripheral blood pressure (BP) alterations in spontaneously ageing mice.

Methods
A longitudinal cardiovascular characterization of spontaneously ageing C57Bl6 mice (2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 24- month old) (male, n > 8) was performed. This includes in vivo analysis of peripheral BP (Coda) and aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV, Vevo2100), combined with ex vivo aortic studies of isometric reactivity (organ baths) and aortic stiffness measurements (Peterson modulus, Ep) in the Rodent Oscillatory Tension set-up for Arterial Compliance (ROTSAC).

Results
In vivo and ex vivo characterisation confirms that aortic stiffness precedes peripheral BP alterations in spontaneously ageing C57Bl6 mice, with significantly increased aPWV from 6 month of age (Figure A), whereas peripheral BP measurement only shows elevated pulse pressure in 24 month old mice (30% increase vs. all other ages, Figure B). Ex vivo investigation of the thoracic aorta further reveals that the aortic stiffening is both contraction-independent (Figure C) and dependent (Figure D), since older mice display increased contractions to phenylephrine (PE) (Figure E and F).

Conclusion
Spontaneously ageing C57Bl6 mice present with significant aortic stiffness by 6-months of age, which is both contraction-dependent and independent in origin. Aortic stiffness thereby precedes the development of peripheral BP alterations by 18 months.
P.01 Where Does the Reflected Wave Observed in the Ascending Aorta Come from?
Authors: Abdullateef Shima , Khir Ashraf W. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Wave reflections play a major role in changing the shape of the pressure waveform. Reflections measured at the aortic root (AR) are thought to be due to the tapering of the aorta [1] and multiple reflection sites, however, there is no consensus on the source of those reflected waves. This research aims to better understand the origin of the reflected waves observed in AR.

Methods
A 1D computational model of arterial wave propagation was used to study the reflections in an arterial network that consists of 37 segments of large arteries [2]. A pulse was inserted in 3 peripheral vessels (Figure 1) and followed as it travelled back towards AR. A pressure ratio (PR) was described as the ratio between the pressure at AR to the inlet pressure to allow for comparisons between the effect of various reflected sites.

Results
The pulse wave lost its magnitude travelling back towards the heart. The pulse inserted from the iliac artery could hardly be observed in AR (Figure 2), and only 1% of the waves’ magnitude could be detected. PR of the wave inserted at the carotid artery is approximately 18 times larger than those generated at the iliac artery; both measured in the ascending aorta.

Conclusion
Waves reflected from the carotid bifurcation and the cerebral circulation are more likely to be seen in AR in comparison to reflected sites such as renal and iliac arteries. Further work is warranted to establish the contribution of reflections generated from various sites along the arterial bed.
P.02 Differential ‘Mediators’ of Low-Flow ‘Mediated’ Constriction in Healthy vs Patients of Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Badhwar Smriti , Chandran Dinu , Jaryal Ashok , Narang Rajiv , Patel Chetan , Deepak Kishore Kumar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Low-flow mediated constriction (LFMC) has emerged as a non-invasive tool for assessment of endothelial dysfunction [1]. There is insufficient data on association between change in artery diameter during occlusion with its possible stimulus; ‘low flow’ state. This study aims to evaluate the association between change in brachial-artery diameter during constriction with alterations in retrograde, anterograde and oscillatory flow profile in healthy subjects and patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD).

Methods
Brachial-artery responses to occlusion were assessed from artery diameter and blood flow using B-mode and pulsed-wave doppler ultrasound respectively in 89 patients with IHD and 29 healthy subjects. Change in anterograde, retrograde and net flow velocity, shear rate (AFV, RFV, NFV, ASR, RSR and NSR respectively) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) during forearm occlusion at 50 mmHg above systolic pressure, from baseline was calculated.

Result
Diameter deceased significantly in healthy subjects and patients during occlusion compared to baseline. Interestingly, in stepwise forward-selection analysis, change in maximum AFV, ASR, RSV and RSR emerged in best fit model, explaining 76.2% of total variability in delta LFMC in IHD patients, with maximum contribution by ASR (70.4%). On the other hand, in healthy, change in maximum RFV, RSR, NFV and NSR emerged in best-fit model explaining 89.9% of total variability, of which 47% was by NSR and 33% by RSR.

Conclusion
Brachial-artery constriction during occlusion is ‘mediated’ by decrease in ASR in patients of IHD and decrease in NSR and increase in RSR in healthy, highlighting the possibility of differential ‘mediators’ of constriction in healthy vs diseased.
P.05 Development and Validation of a Novel Centroid Method for Estimating Effective Reflection Time
Authors: Kondiboyina Avinash , Smolich Joseph J , Cheung Michael M H , Mynard Jonathan P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The time at which reflected waves arrive at central arteries has an important influence on ventricular afterload. Current methods of estimating reflection time (RT), including zero-crossover [1], inflection-point [2], and foot methods [3], use only a single point on the pressure waveforms, and their accuracy is uncertain because no ground truth reflection time (GTRT) has been available. We here introduce a novel centroid method that accounts for the entire waveform and compare the accuracy of RT methods by comparison with a GTRT for the first time.

Methods
Using computational linear wave-tracking, we followed an impulse as it traversed through an anatomical model of the systemic arterial circulation; GTRT was calculated as the weighted mean arrival time of reflected waves at the inlet. Linear convolution of the resulting impulse response with a realistic input waveform (flow waveform multiplied by characteristic impedance) produced a pressure waveform that was separated into forward and backward components. The time difference between the centroids of the backward pressure and input waveforms was taken as RT in the centroid method. We also conducted a parameter sweep (n = 300) on the model to test the accuracy and robustness of the various methods.

Result
Compared to the zero-crossover, inflection-point, and foot methods, the centroid method estimated RT with the least mean difference to GTRT (104, 107, 171 vs. 8 ms; p < 0.001) and least standard deviation (34, 109, 97 vs. 28 ms).

Conclusion
The centroid method substantially improved accuracy and robustness for estimating RT compared with current methods.
P.09 Differential Low Flow Mediated Constriction (LFMC) Responses in Radial and Brachial Arteries of Healthy Humans are Attributed to Occlusion Induced Flow Changes
Authors: Sen Sakshi , Chandran Dinu , Jaryal Ashok , Deepak Kishore Kumar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Literature describes differences in Low flow mediated constriction (LFMC) of radial versus brachial artery [1,2]. We investigated whether differences in occlusion induced changes in luminal flow and shear rates could explain the observed radial vs brachial differences in LFMC responses.

Methods
Twenty Healthy volunteers (Age 23.50 ± 2.06 years) underwent examination of Brachial and radial arteries of both the arms. Arteries were visualized in Pulsed wave doppler in duplex mode (Vivid-e; GE Healthcare) using a 12 MHz probe at baseline and during low flow state produced using an occluding cuff placed around the forearm (for brachial artery) and over the wrist joint (for radial artery) inflated to supra-systolic pressures.

Results
LFMC in Radial artery was significantly higher than that of Brachial artery [delta LFMC of –0.58 mm (–0.24––0.76) in radial artery vs 0.03 mm (0.21––0.13) in brachial artery; p < 0.0001). Occlusion induced reduction in anterograde shear rate was comparatively higher in radial artery than brachial artery [–67.9% (–43––77) in radial vs –56.7% (–40.9––65.4) in brachial; p = 0.0098] whereas, the rise in retrograde shear rate and changes in oscillatory shear index were comparable between both. Percentage changes in anterograde shear rate and anterograde flow velocities emerged as independent predictors in the regression model that explained 86% of the variance in LFMC responses of brachial artery.

Conclusion
Discrepancies in the LFMC responses of radial vs brachial artery could be attributed to the occlusion induced differences in the anterograde shear rate and anterograde flow velocities.
P.18 Carotid Stiffness Parameters and Cerebral Blood Flow Pulsatility in Young Healthy Individuals across Races
Authors: Liu Jie , Favre Michelle E. , Iring Stephanie G. , Knox Allan , Serrador Jorge M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Higher cerebral blood flow (CBF) pulsatility was found to be associated with severer brain white matter lesions in the elderly [1]. It was hypothesized that the central/elastic arterial stiffness/compliance may directly affect CBF pulsatility. However, it is still unclear which carotid stiffness parameters may better reflect this impact, and whether race and sex differences are present.

Methods
To study the correlations among those parameters with comparisons between different races and sexes, we enrolled 35 young healthy subjects (19 females), aged 29 ± 5 (18~40) years, with three races of comparable age and sex ratio, i.e. White (n = 16), Black (n = 7), and Asian (n = 12). All subjects were in resting seated position, with continuous transcranial Doppler recording of CBF velocity at middle cerebral artery (MCA), simultaneous 1-min ultrasound echo-tracking on bilateral common carotid arteries, and multiple measurements of brachial blood pressure (BP).

Results
All derived parameters [2], including MCA pulsatility index (PI), showed no significant racial differences but with significantly (p < 0.05) higher carotid stiffness index (β), Peterson’s pressure modulus (Ep), BP pulsatility index (mostly driven by higher systolic BP but similar diastolic BP), and lower arterial compliance (AC, p = 0.07) in males than in females. Only AC (but not β and Ep) showed a significant correlation with PI (r = 0.49, p = 0.004) even after controlling for BP pulsatility index, which negatively correlated with AC (β = −0.35, p = 0.038).

Conclusions
Higher carotid AC (i.e. decreased stiffness) seems to enhance CBF pulsatility in young healthy populations, which might differ from the elderly.
P.31 Von Willebrand Factor Induces Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration Through Low Density Lipoprotein-Related Receptor Protein 4 and αvβ3 Integrin
Authors: Denis Cécile V. , Lacolley Patrick , Lagrange Jeremy , Lenting Peter J. , Michel Jean-Baptiste , Raoul Alexandre , Regnault Veronique 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background and Objectives
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a plasma glycoprotein involved in primary hemostasis but recent data suggest additional roles beyond hemostasis in angiogenesis and potentially in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Our aim was to investigate how VWF can modulate VSMC proliferation and identified the underlying mechanisms and the in vivo pathophysiological relevance.

Methods and Results
Cultured aortic VSMCs proliferation and migration were increased in the presence of VWF. VSMCs treatment with a siRNA targeting αv integrin or the RGT-peptide blocking αvβ3 signaling completely inhibited proliferation. VWF did not bind directly to αvβ3 on VSMCs. We identified that VWF A2 domain was able to bind VSMCs. Since the lowdensity lipoprotein-related receptor protein (LRP) family are known to act as co-receptors we hypothesized the involvement of a member in the signaling pathway. Using the universal LRP-inhibitor (RAP), we confirmed LRP-mediated VSMC proliferation. siRNA experiments and proximity ligation assay staining identified LRP4 as the VWF-counterreceptor on VSMCs and showed co-localization between αvβ3 and LRP4. Carotid ligations were applied to VWF +/+ and −/− mice and intimal hyperplasia (IH) was measured. Less VWF−/− mice developed IH compared to VWF +/+ mice. Finally the proliferative effect of VWF was confirmed in human atherosclerotic lesions from different vessels (aortas, carotids) showing a proximity between VWF and a-SM actin positive cells.

Conclusions
VWF mediates VSMC proliferation through its A2 domain binding to the LRP4 receptor and integrin αvβ3signaling. The decreased IH following vascular injury suggests that targeting VWF-LRP4 interactions may contribute to limit remodeling.
P.66 Radial Artery Systolic-Diastolic Pulse Transit Time After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Philibert Emy , Obeid Hasan , Paré Mathilde , Côté Nadège , Fortier Catherine , Goupil Rémi , Agharazii Mohsen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose/Background/Objective
We have previously shown that restoration of kidney function through kidney transplantation (KTx) is associated with improved aortic stiffness. In this study, we aim to examine whether this change in aortic stiffness translates into improvement of radial artery systolic-diastolic pulse transit time.

Methods
Before and three months after KTx, we obtained radial pressure waveforms using applanation tonometry, in a group of 61 patients with restored renal function (eGFR > 45 ml/min/1,73 m2). Radial waveforms were recorded over a 10 seconds period and ensemble-averaged (using in house-MATLAB program) to obtain a single waveform and then modelled using two Gaussian functions, was then determined as the transit time between the first systolic peak T1 and the early diastolic peak T2.

Results
61 patients (66% male, mean age: 48 ± 14 years, mean eGFR 3 months after Ktx: 66.0 ± 17.1) were assessed. After KTx, there was a significant reduction in central systolic (125,266 ± 21,848 to 108,994 ± 14,407, p < 0.001) and diastolic BP (84,718 11,679 to 74,092 9,774, p < 0.001), carotid-femoral PWV (11,444 2,626 to 10,235 1,890, p < 0.001) and carotid-radial PWV (9,350 1,485 to 8,831 1,291, p = 0,003). While T1 declined (0.184 [0.173–0.198] to 0.180 [0.168–0.194], p = 0.018), there were no significant changes in T2 (0.322 [0.295–0.360] to 0.318 [0.283–0.355], p = 0.169) and in dT1-2 (0.135 [0.119–0.161] to 0.134 [0.117–0.167], p = 0.457).

Conclusions
Contrary to our expectation, three months after KTx, we did not observe a significant change in radial systolic-diastolic pulse transit time after kidney transplantation, despite an improvement of BP, aortic and brachial stiffness.
P.67 The Effects of Chemotherapy on Arterial Inflammation Assessed by 18FDG PET-CT in Patients with Lymphoma
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Constantinos , Giannouli Stavroula , Ioakimidis Nikolaos , Kafouris Paulos , Koutagiar Iosif , Sioni Anastasia , Solomou Eirini , Terentes-Printzios Dimitrios , Tousoulis Dimitrios , Vlachopoulos Charalampos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Anti-cancer treatment can lead to increased cardiovascular morbidity among lymphoma survivors[1]. This may be the result of direct effect of treatment on heart function, or indirect acceleration of atherosclerosis. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake is a sensitive and robust marker for assessment of atherosclerotic inflammation [2,3,4].

Purpose
To investigate the effects of chemotherapy on arterial inflammation using FDG-PET CT in patients with lymphoma.

Methods
Fifty nine (mean age 58 ± 17 years) patients with Hodgkin (n = 39) or non-Hodgkin lymphomas (n = 20) underwent 18FDG PET-CT imaging at baseline, interim and after completion of chemotherapy as part of their routine protocol. Arterial inflammation was assessed by arterial target to background ratio (TBR) of the aortic wall along the entire aorta. The index vessel TBR (the vessel with the higher value at baseline) was used for assessment of arterial inflammation. Patients with Hodgkin Lymphomas (HL) underwent therapy with Doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (ABVD). The interim of their treatment was set at 1 to 3 days prior to initiating the 3rd chemotherapy cycle. Patients with non Hodgkin Lymphomas (NHL) underwent therapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone + rituximab (R-CHOP). The interim of their treatment was set at 2 weeks post the 4th chemotherapy cycle. All patients we reassessed 6 weeks after chemotherapy completion.

Results
There were no differences in age and atherosclerotic risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and smoking), between the two groups (all p > 0.05). Similarly, there were no differences in mean (± SD) index vessel TBR between HL and NHL patients (2.4 ± 0.7 vs 2.7 ± 0.9, respectively, p = 0.65). In the whole study population the index vessel TBR progressively decreased after the end of therapy (by 0.53 ± 0.11, from baseline to 6 weeks following the end of therapies) (F = 10.94, p < 0.001, ANOVA). The index vessel TBR decreased in both HL and NHL patients at 6 weeks after therapy compared to baseline level (all p < 0.01, ANOVA, Figure). The decrease at the interim scan was more pronounced in NHL compared to HL patients, however at 6 weeks after chemotherapy completion the index vessel TBR decreased further in patients with HL, while it increased slightly compared to interim levels in NHL patients (Figure).

Conclusion
Arterial inflammation is reduced during and post-chemotherapy in patients with lymphoma. The index vessel TBR changes at the interim phase and 6 weeks after therapy completion indicate a different effect of specific treatment regimes in arterial inflammation between HL and NHL patients.
MEMBACA FENOMENA KABAR BOHONG PILPRES 2019 DI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN KACA MATA HERBERT MARCUSE, JÜRGEN HABERMAS, DAN ZYGMUNT BAUMAN
Authors: Prasetyo Yohanes Wahyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hoaxes were rampant before, during and after the 2019 presidential election. According to Herbert Marcuse’s point of view, the hoax phenomenon is closely related to capitalism, hence prioritizing profit gaining and ignoring truth. Consequently, the people are seen as things and objects. Further, according to Jürgen Habermas, the hoax phenomenon takes place because of lack of communicative dialog and ethical responsibility where mass media are used as weaponry means by political parties to make public opinions. In the meantime, Zygmunt Bauman is of the opinion that the hoax phenomenon demonstrates that the people are treated as outsiders, foreigners and the out-group
Fluoroquinolones Resistance Among Bacterial Uropathogens In A Tertiary Care Hospital Of Western Nepal
Authors: Bhatta Dharm Raj , Shrestha Rajani , Hamal Deependra , HS Supram , Nayak Niranjan 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Urinary tract infections are one of the most common clinical illnesses in developing countries. Most of the infections are treated empirically due to unavailability of laboratory facilities. Fluoroquinolones are frequently used for empirical treatment of UTIs.
Objectives: This study was aimed to determine prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial uropathogens, especially to fluoroquinolones.
Methodology: This hospital based cross sectional study was carried out at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. A total of 2450 mid stream urine samples were included in this study. Isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by standard microbiological techniques.
Results: Significant bacteriuria was detected in 258 (10.5%), insignificant bacteruria in 614 (25%), growth of multiple organisms in 238 (9.7%) while no growth was recorded in 1340 (54.7%) samples. E coli was the commonest isolate followed by Klebsiella species. Fluoroquinolones resistance among Gram negative isolates was high. Most of the Gram negative isolates were susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin and imipenem.
Conclusion: High resistance to fluoroquinolones, cotrimoxazole and cephalosporins dictates these to be unsuitable for empirical treatment of UTIs. Amikacin, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin and imipenem were the most effective antibacterials.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Mahaseth Surya Narayan , Chaurasia Lokeshwar , Jha Brajesh , Sanjana Raj Kumari 
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of hospital acquired infections. Increased resistance in this organism continues to pose a significant threat to patient care because of limited therapeutic options. The main objective of this study was to find out the prevalence and current antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from various clinical samples at a tertiary care hospital.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal on 453 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from various clinical samples. The colonies which were grown on culture media were identified by different standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method and the results were interpreted according to the CLSI guidelines. Quality control of the test was done by standards ATCC strain of P. aeruginosa 27853.
Results: This present study revealed the prevalence rate of P. aeruginosa was 11.29%. Piperacillintazobactam was the most sensitive chemotherapeutic agent with 94.26% susceptibility rate, followed by imipenem 89.40% and levofloxacin 88.08%. Amikacin showed better susceptibility rate 67.33% than that of gentamicin 48.78%; the susceptibility rate to cephalosporin and aztreonam was relative very low. Most of the P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from clinical samples like sputum 206, urine 81, respiratory secretion 76, and pus 35. Out of 453 clinical isolates, 167(36.86%) clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were found to be MDR.
Conclusion: Most of the P. aeruginosa strains were isolates from sputum, urine, respiratory secretions and pus samples and were found to be MDR. Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most sensitive chemotherapeutic agent followed by Imipenem, levofloxacin.
Przypisy tłumacza w słowackim przekładzie Doliny Issy Czesława Miłosza
Authors: Obertová Zuzana 
Published: December 2020

Przypisy tłumacza zazwyczaj służą do wyjaśnienia czytelnikowi trudnych do przetłumaczenia elementów kultury wyjściowej. W słowackim przekładzie Doliny Issy Czesława Miłosza autor translacji — Miloš Ferko — zastosował 88 przypisów dolnych, które spełniają różne funkcje. Przypisy stanowią dla tłumacza przestrzeń np. do wyjaśniania kontekstu historycznego, elementów topograficznych, lecz także do podania własnej interpretacji oryginału lub do wskazania nawiązań intertekstualnych. Autorka artykułu analizuje przypisy tłumacza pod kątem ich wpływu na czytelnika oraz na odbiór całego przekładu w kulturze docelowej.