bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EEG source‐space synchrostate transitions and Markov modeling in the math‐gifted brain during a long‐chain reasoning task
Authors: Zhang Li , Gan John Q. , Zhu Yanmei , Wang Jing , Wang Haixian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo reveal transition dynamics of global neuronal networks of math‐gifted adolescents in handling long‐chain reasoning, this study explores momentary phase‐synchronized patterns, that is, electroencephalogram (EEG) synchrostates, of intracerebral sources sustained in successive 50 ms time windows during a reasoning task and non‐task idle process. Through agglomerative hierarchical clustering for functional connectivity graphs and nested iterative cosine similarity tests, this study identifies seven general and one reasoning‐specific prototypical functional connectivity patterns from all synchrostates. Markov modeling is performed for the time‐sequential synchrostates of each trial to characterize the interstate transitions. The analysis reveals that default mode network, central executive network (CEN), dorsal attention network, cingulo‐opercular network, left/right ventral frontoparietal network, and ventral visual network aperiodically recur over non‐task or reasoning process, exhibiting high predictability in interactively reachable transitions. Compared to non‐gifted subjects, math‐gifted adolescents show higher fractional occupancy and mean duration in CEN and reasoning‐triggered transient right frontotemporal network (rFTN) in the time course of the reasoning process. Statistical modeling of Markov chains reveals that there are more self‐loops in CEN and rFTN of the math‐gifted brain, suggesting robust state durability in temporally maintaining the topological structures. Besides, math‐gifted subjects show higher probabilities in switching from the other types of synchrostates to CEN and rFTN, which represents more adaptive reconfiguration of connectivity pattern in the large‐scale cortical network for focused task‐related information processing, which underlies superior executive functions in controlling goal‐directed persistence and high predictability of implementing imagination and creative thinking during long‐chain reasoning.
Drug cost savings in phase III hematological oncology clinical trials in a university hospital
Authors: Herledan Chloé , Ranchon Florence , Schwiertz Vérane , Baudouin Amandine , Karlin Lionel , Ghesquières Hervé , Salles Gilles , Rioufol Catherine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe rapid emergence of expensive anticancer therapies is leading to exponential growth in healthcare expenses. In clinical trials, most investigational drugs are provided free of charge by industrial and academic sponsors. This results in drug cost savings for healthcare payers, who are no longer charged with the cost of the standard‐of‐care treatment, which would have been administered outside the trial. This study aims to estimate drug cost savings resulting from patient enrolment in hematological oncology clinical trials, from a public payer perspective. Retrospective screening identified all patients with hematological malignancies included from 2011 to 2016 in a phase III trial and having received at least one sponsor‐provided cycle. Drug cost savings were defined as the standard treatment costs not charged to the payer due to sponsor provision of treatment. For each patient, cost savings were determined by the number of cycles received in the trial and the cost of standard (control arm) treatment. Of the 345 patients included in eligible trials during study period, 272 received sponsor‐provided drugs. Drug cost savings could be estimated for 177 patients (65.1%) included in 27 trials. Total cost savings were €5218 million (US$ 6804 million) for 1720 sponsor‐provided cycles. Mean cost saving per patient was €19 182.7 ± 29 865.7 ($25 015.24 ± 39 478.25). Most cost‐saving trials were industry‐sponsored (77.8%), although academic trials generated 40.15% of total cost savings. Enrolling patients in clinical trials, whether industry‐sponsored or academic, leads to substantial drug cost savings for payers. Implications are significant for public payers facing increasing financial constraints, as savings can be reallocated to patient care.
Challenges and solutions for maternity and gynecology services during the COVID‐19 crisis in Jordan
Authors: Alsharaydeh Ibrahim , Rawashdeh Hasan , Saadeh Noura , Obeidat Basil , Obeidat Nail 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe regional experiences and measures implemented to safely maintain obstetrics and gynecology services during the COVID‐19 pandemic at King Abdullah University Hospital in Jordan.MethodsAll policies and measures were implemented in keeping with World Health Organization and other international recommendations and guidelines.ResultsWith concerted effort and a multidisciplinary approach, most maternity and gynecology services were provided and all other training and educating responsibilities were maintained.ConclusionCOVID‐19 caused an unprecedented global healthcare crisis. Our institution addressed the challenges and implemented several measures at different levels to maintain services and facilitate the training and teaching of trainees and medical students.
Optimal water allocation and distribution management in irrigation networks under uncertainty by multi‐stage stochastic case study: Irrigation and drainage networks of Maroon*
Authors: Amanat Behbahani Leila , Moghaddasi Mahnoosh , Ebrahimi Hossein , Babazadeh Hossein 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the present research the aim was to prepare a spatial and temporal optimization model for allocating irrigation water and cropping pattern in the Maroon irrigation and drainage networks, which are located in the province of Khoozestan, under uncertainty. Hydrometrical data were gathered from the Maroon network station. Meteorological data were prepared from Idenak station in Behbahan City during 2006–2016. Therefore a model was designed and developed to maximize the total gross benefit of the irrigation networks of Maroon. The presented model is capable of adjusting the optimal water distribution among networks, crops and their different growing stages, determining water shortage, allocating surplus water, and the gross benefit under three scenarios of arid, normal and wet years in two sub‐models of actual intra‐network optimal management and optimal management from the reservoir output to the inside network by applying multi‐stage stochastic programming under uncertainty. The findings show the priority of the second sub‐model over the first run. In the upper and lower bounds model it was illustrated that the cropping areas were increased by respectively 33 and 19%, and of course the benefit amount had an increase of 67 and 7% in the second sub‐model. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differencing versus nondifferencing in factor‐based forecasting
Authors: Choi In , Jeong Hanbat 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis paper studies performance of factor‐based forecasts using differenced and nondifferenced data. Approximate variances of forecasting errors from the two forecasts are derived and compared. It is reported that the forecast using nondifferenced data tends to be more accurate than that using differenced data. This paper conducts simulations to compare root mean squared forecasting errors of the two competing forecasts. Simulation results indicate that forecasting using nondifferenced data performs better. The advantage of using nondifferenced data is more pronounced when a forecasting horizon is long and the number of factors is large. This paper applies the two competing forecasting methods to 68I(1) monthly US macroeconomic variables across a range of forecasting horizons and sampling periods. We also provide detailed forecasting analysis on US inflation and industrial production. We find that forecasts using nondifferenced data tend to outperform those using differenced data.
Study on the mechanism of cantharidin‐induced hepatotoxicity in rat using serum and liver metabolomics combined with conventional pathology methods
Authors: Zhang Jianyong , Chen Qihong , Wang Le , Chen Kuan , Mu Wenbi , Duan Cancan , Li Xiaofei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCantharidin (CTD), a compound secreted from Mylabris species, exhibits strong antitumor properties; however, hepatotoxicity restricts its clinical application. The mechanism by which CTD induces toxicity remains unclear. In the present study, the hepatotoxicity of CTD in the rat was investigated using a metabolomic approach combined with conventional pathology methods. A total of 30 rats were intragastrically treated with two doses of CTD (0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg) for 15 days to evaluate hepatotoxicity. Serum and liver samples were collected for biochemical dynamics analyses, histopathological examination and metabolomic analysis. It was found that liver index and serum biochemical indices were significantly increased. Furthermore, the pathology results showed that hepatocytes and subcellular organelles were damaged. Metabolomics analysis found 4 biomarkers in serum and 15 in the liver that were associated with CTD‐induced hepatotoxicity. In addition, these were responsible for CTD hepatotoxicity by glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. In conclusion, conventional pathology and metabolomics for exploring hepatotoxicity can provide useful information about the safety and potential risks of CTD.
Visibility of microvessels in Optical Coherence Tomography angiography depends on angular orientation
Authors: Zhu Jun , Bernucci Marcel T. , Merkle Conrad W. , Srinivasan Vivek J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOptical Coherence Tomography angiography (OCTA) is a widespread tool for depth‐resolved imaging of chorioretinal vasculature with single microvessel resolution. To improve the clinical interpretation of OCTA, the conditions affecting visualization of microvessels must be defined. Here we inject a scattering plasma tracer (Intralipid) during OCTA imaging of the anesthetized rat eye. In the retina, we find that interlaminar (vertical) vessels that connect laminae have one‐fourth to one‐third the OCTA red blood cell to tracer (RBC‐to‐tracer) signal ratio of intralaminar (horizontal) vessels. This finding suggests that the OCTA signal from microvessels depends on angular orientation, making vertically‐oriented vessels more difficult to visualize using intrinsic contrast alone. Clinicians should be aware of this potential artifact when interpreting OCTA.
Examining witness interviewing environments
Authors: Hoogesteyn Katherine , Meijer Ewout , Vrij Aldert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe literature on information elicitation in psycholegal settings has predominantly focused on the investigator–interviewee dynamic, with little attention to the environment in which the interview takes place. The present study compared the impact of two interview locations on the disclosure of crime‐related information and perceptions of rapport building. Participants experienced a virtual reality mock crime, and 1 week later were interviewed at either their homes, or a formal room akin to a real‐world police interview room. Participants in the home setting reported feeling more at ease and in control compared to participants interviewed in the formal room. However, we found no differences between conditions on the quantity and quality of information disclosure and participants' perceptions of rapport building. Based on our findings, we found no advantages or disadvantages for conducting witness interviews at their homes. However, these results underscore the practicality of interviewing witnesses outside the police interview room if deemed as more convenient.
The impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation on cropping season rainfall variability across Central Brazil
Authors: Heinemann Alexandre Bryan , Ramirez‐Villegas Julian , Stone Luís Fernando , Silva Ana Paula Garcia Abreu , da Matta David Henriques , Diaz Mario Ernesto Piscoya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLocal‐level understanding of within‐season rainfall variability and its relationship with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can shed light on crop yield variations and establish appropriate cropping calendars in rainfed systems. This requires information on the growing season, including its length, the total rainfall, the onset and cessation of rainfall, the number of wet and dry days, and the optimal sowing window. The objective of this study was to examine the onset and cessation of both the rainy and growing seasons using historical daily rainfall datasets (1980–2013) from 50 weather stations distributed across the main grain production region of Brazil. We then correlated the interannual variability of the climate variables and crop water availability with ENSO (using the Oceanic Niño Index, ONI). Across the study region, the onset of the rainy period ranged from late September to early November, and the cessation period ranged from late March to mid‐April. The onset of the growing season followed that of the rainy season, beginning across central and northern Mato Grosso in mid‐October, followed by Goiás and Tocantins, and finally Rondônia by the end of October. The length of the sowing window was reduced, and the mean optimal sowing date was delayed during La Niña years for most weather stations in the study region. Our results infer the need to adjust the cropping calendars for specific ENSO phases only in regions that conduct crop rotations. Based on rice crop model simulations of water availability, we propose a mean optimal crop sowing calendar for annual crops in Central Brazil.Highlights
We analysed the impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the growing season characteristics of Central Brazil.
The length of the sowing period is markedly reduced during La Niña years across the region.
We propose a mean optimal crop sowing calendar for Central Brazil based on crop modelling results of ENSO effects.
Resonance Raman investigation of dithionite‐reduced cobalamin
Authors: Mieda‐Higa Kaoru , Mamun Abdullah Al , Ogura Takashi , Kitagawa Teizo , Kozlowski Pawel M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAbsorption (Abs) and resonance Raman (rR) spectroscopy along with density functional theory (DFT) have been applied to investigate the derivatives of vitamin B12 (or cobalamins = Cbls). Cbls are cobalt‐containing corrin complexes, vibrations of which can be probed using rR spectroscopy. The oxidation state of Co ion in Cbls can range between Co3+, Co2+, and Co1+, and axially, cobalt can be coordinated by variety of ligands. Recent spectroscopic study revealed that Co2+Cbl reduced by dithionite (DTH) exhibited a unique property distinct from other Co2+Cbls. Accordingly, in this study, rR spectra of Co2+Cbls reduced by DTH were compared with these reduced by dithiothreitol (DTT). The DTT‐reduced Cbl gave ordinary rR spectrum at pH 3 and 8. On the other hand, the DTH‐reduced Cbl gave different rR spectra at pH 3 and 8 and contained a new rR band at 987 cm−1, which is absent with the DTT‐reduced one. The α and γ Abs bands of DTH‐reduced Cbls were also shifted to shorter wavelengths and exhibited broadening. To understand these rR spectra, geometry optimization and frequency calculations using DFT have been carried out for different structural models of Cbls and compared with experiment. Based on current spectroscopic studies and computation, we deduced that the DTH‐reduced Cbl has SO2‐. radical anion at an axial coordination position of Co2+ and that the ππ* transition of corrin ring is partially mixed with π bond of SO2‐. radical anion, giving rise to the S=O stretching rR band in resonance with the γ Abs band.
Besov regularity for solutions of elliptic equations with variable exponents
Authors: Giova Raffaella 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe establish the higher fractional differentiability of the solutions of a problem in divergence form of the type
The main features consist in assuming that the partial map has ‐growth, the datum F is Besov regular and both the partial map and the function are Orlicz–Besov regular.
Global well‐posedness and existence of uniform attractor for magnetohydrodynamic equations
Authors: Ai Chengfei , Tan Zhong , Zhou Jianfeng 
Published: May 2020

We study the global well‐posedness and existence of uniform attractor for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. The hydrodynamic system consists of the Navier–Stokes equations for the fluid velocity and pressure coupled with a reduced from of the Maxwell equations for the magnetic field. The fluid velocity is assumed to satisfy a no‐slip boundary condition, while the magnetic field is subject to a time‐dependent Dirichlet boundary condition. We first establish the global existence of weak and strong solutions to Equations (1.1)‐(1.4). And at this stage, we further derive the existence of a uniform attractor for Equations (1.1)‐(1.4).
Calculation of passive intermodulation product on nonlinear area source using reciprocity principle
Authors: Chen Qianwen , Chen Xiong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA compact passive intermodulation calculation method for the nonlinear source with noticeable size is proposed and demonstrated. By approximating the transmission factors of linear carrier and nonlinear passive intermodulation to be the non‐dimensional ratios between the current and power based on the reciprocal calculation principle, the PIM synthetize on a nonlinear source with notable size can ignore the complicated microwave characteristic analysis, while just need the accumulation of each PIM product of each nonlinear cell, which significantly simplifies the calculation process for the passive intermodulation product on a practical microwave device. The study proposed a compact solution to solve PIM product from the nonlinear source with big scale, which can be extended to the PIM analysis of practical microwave device with unevenly distributed PIM product.
28 GHz metal cavity‐backed twin arc slot antenna for high efficiency and thermal management
Authors: Kim Hyunjin , Nam Sangwook 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article presents a metal cavity‐backed antenna array with high gain and high radiation efficiency. The proposed antenna can be used for the purpose of thermal management. A 28 GHz linear polarized antenna is implemented on a low cost substrate with an aluminum structure that functions as a heat sink. Each antenna element is connected to integrated circuits with a stripline embedded in the printed circuit board. Each element is fed by a slot‐coupled feeding structure and radiated through twin arc slots fabricated in circular metal cavity. The simulated antenna efficiency is over 80% including feeding structures. The simulated and measured radiation patterns show 17.2 dBi of peak gain. From the thermal simulation, temperature reduction can be expected.
Nonlinear augmented finite element method for arbitrary cracking in large deformation plates and shells
Authors: Wang Liang , Ma Xueshi , Yang Qingda , Karkkainen Ryan L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article presents a nonlinear augmented finite element method (N‐AFEM) for the analysis of arbitrary crack initiation and propagation in large deformation plates and shells. The FE formulations for plate/shell elements and a shell‐like cohesive zone element, both with explicit consideration of geometric nonlinearity, have been derived in detail. The geometrically nonlinear shell‐like cohesive element has the essential feature of 3D but with crack displacements directly extracted from midplane shell element nodes, which enables an accurate description of crack propagation in shells and plates under large deformation. Furthermore, a novel augmentation process that can explicitly account for the discontinuous displacement fields of cracked elements without the need of extra nodes or nodal DoFs has been develop based on a nonlinear Newton‐Raphson method. The numerical performance of the N‐AFEM in modeling a number of benchmark shell/plate fracture problems demonstrates that the method is efficient, accurate, and robust.
Exploring a near‐surface subsidence over a rehabilitated underground mine through ambient seismic noise tomography in combination with other geophysical methods
Authors: Cárdenas‐Soto Martín , Escobedo‐Zenil David , Tejero‐Andrade Andrés , Nava‐Flores Muricio , Vidal‐García Martín Carlos , Natarajan Thulasiraman 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTAn unexpected surface subsidence in Mexico City on 19 May 2015 prompted a detailed geophysical investigation of the three‐dimensional structure of a collapsed‐soil mine located in a section of the Chapultepec Park in the vicinity of an artificial lake. As revealed from past geological explorations, the subsoil at the site consists of volcano‐sedimentary materials that were quarried in the mid‐20th century; subsequently, during the construction of the park, most of those mines had been only partially rehabilitated, with a potential risk of land subsidence. Near‐surface imaging techniques based on ambient seismic noise as well as microgravimetry, electrical resistivity tomography, shallow seismic refraction methods were evaluated for their applicability to characterize the structure of the collapsed mine. Tomography images computed using ambient‐noise array data characterized the extent of the underground mine showing high‐velocity anomaly, while results from microgravimetry and electrical resistivity tomography analyses indicated the structure through weak contrasts in gravity and resistivity anomalies. Additionally, electrical resistivity tomography results also illustrated the saturated nature of the subsoil. While different methods exhibit different capabilities to constrain such a small spatial feature, the present study highlighted the scope of an integrated approach in confirming the existence of potential voids as well as to estimate soil‐subsidence hazard. In terms of operational convenience and rapid performance, the ambient noise tomography method proved to be a relatively efficient and economical reconnaissance tool for identifying 3D velocity contrasts in an urban environment.
Performance of different optimal charging schemes in a solar charging station using dynamic programming
Authors: Hajidavalloo Mohammad R. , Shirazi Farzad A. , Mahjoob Mohammad J. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryElectric Vehicles (EVs) are gradually replacing conventional vehicles as they are environmentally friendly and cause less pollution problems. Unregulated charging has severe impacts on the distribution grid and may incur EV owners higher charging costs. Therefore, controlled charging infrastructures to supply the charging needs of large numbers of EVs are of vital importance. In this article, an optimal control scenario is presented to formulate the charge scheduling problem of EVs in a solar charging station (CS). Two different objective functions are considered. The first objective function holds for minimizing the total charging cost of EVs. In this case, the benefits of Vehicle‐to‐Grid (V2G) are investigated by comparing the charging costs of EVs with and without this capability. The total EV charging costs and grid benefits are also investigated in the second objective function which holds for minimizing the extracted power from the grid. A modified version of Dynamic Programming is used to solve the large state‐space model defined for the optimal control problem with extremely shorter computation time and minimal loss of optimality. Extensive simulations are done in two representative summer and winter climates to determine the role of solar energy in the CS performance. The results show that in the cost minimization algorithms, significant savings for EV owners and a smooth load shape for the grid are achieved. For the minimized power from the grid algorithm, a total near Photovoltaic (PV)‐curve charging power is obtained to exploit the PV power as much as possible to minimize the impacts on the
grid.