bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tau PET Distributional Pattern in AD Patients with Visuospatial Dysfunction
Authors: Sun Xi , Nie Binbin , Zhao Shujun , Chen Qian , Li Panlong , Zhang Tianhao , Pan Tingting , Feng Ting , Wang Luying , Yin Xiaolong , Zhang Wei , Zhao Shilun , Shan Baoci , Liu Hua , Liang Shengxiang , Ai Lin , Wang Guihong 
Published: November 2019

Background:Visuospatial dysfunction is one predominant symptom in many atypical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, however, until now its neural correlates still remain unclear. For the accumulation of intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau proteins is a major pathogenic factor in neurodegeneration of AD, the distributional pattern of tau could highlight the affected brain regions associated with specific cognitive deficits.Objective:We investigated the brain regions particularly affected by tau accumulation in patients with visuospatial dysfunction to explore its neural correlates.Methods:Using 18F-AV-1451 tau positron emission tomography (PET), voxel-wise two-sample t-tests were performed between AD patients with obvious visuospatial dysfunction (VS-AD) and cognitively normal subjects, AD patients with little-to-no visuospatial dysfunction (non VS-AD) and cognitively normal subjects, respectively.Results:Results showed increased tau accumulations mainly located in occipitoparietal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, inferior and medial temporal cortex in VS-AD patients, while increased tau accumulations mainly occurred in the inferior and medial temporal cortex in non VS-AD patients.Conclusion:These findings suggested that occipitoparietal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, which were particularly affected by increased tau accumulation in VS-AD patients, may associate with visuospatial dysfunction of AD.
Mechanism and Development of Modern General Anesthetics
Authors: Yang Xiaoxuan , Luethy Anita , Zhang Honghai , Luo Yan , Xue Qingsheng , Yu Buwei , Lu Han 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Before October 1846, surgery and pain were synonymous but not thereafter.
Conquering pain must be one of the very few strategies that has potentially affected every human being
in the world of all milestones in medicine.

Methods:
This review article describes how various general anesthetics were discovered historically and
how they work in the brain to induce sedative, hypnosis and immobility. Their advantages and disadvantages
will also be discussed.

Results:
Anesthesia is a relatively young field but is rapidly evolving. Currently used general anesthetics
are almost invariably effective, but nagging side effects, both short (e.g., cardiac depression) and long
(e.g., neurotoxicity) term, have reawakened the call for new drugs.

Conclusion:
Based on the deepening understanding of historical development and molecular targets and
actions of modern anesthetics, novel general anesthetics are being investigated as potentially improved
sedative-hypnotics or a key to understand the mechanism of anesthesia.
Medicinal Value and Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino and Its Derivatives: An Overview
Authors: Li Kaijun , Ma Chao , Li Haoyu , Dev Sooranna , He JianFeng , Qu Xiaosheng 
Published: November 2019

:
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (GpM) and its derivatives, especially gypenosides
(Gyps), are widely used as safe and convenient natural herbal drugs for the treatment of many
diseases for a long time, and Gyps have different oral bioavailability (OB) values and low ability to
cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The effects of GpM and isolates on fibrosis, inflammation, oxidation,
proliferation and migration are proved. GpM shows bidirectional regulation effect on proliferation,
oxidation and apoptosis in tumor and non-tumor cells. GpM and its extractions can resist proliferation,
activate oxidation and apoptosis in tumor cells and have opposite effects on non-tumor cells. We succinctly
present some current views of medicinal value and potential therapeutic mechanisms of GpM
and its derivatives.
ORO-Dental Manifestations in West Syndrome
Authors: della Vella Fedora , Contaldo Maria , Fucile Renato , Panza Francesco , Dibello Vittorio , Kalemaj Zamira , Ninivaggi Rossella , Petruzzi Massimo , Serpico Rosario 
Published: November 2019

Background:
West Syndrome is a rare epileptic encephalopathy involving infantile spasms,
altered electroencephalographic pattern with hypsarrhythmia, and psychomotor development delay. It
arises in paediatric patients, generally within the first year of life, in symptomatic or idiopathic form
depending on the presence of hereditary features or not.

Case report:
In this report it is described the case of a West syndrome patient affected by multiple
caries, gingival enlargement, dental eruption abnormalities, high-arched palate and MIH, treated at the
dental clinic of University of Bari “Aldo Moro”.

Discussion:
West patients present with multiple oral abnormalities, including altered eruption timing,
teeth agenesis, teeth shape and position abnormalities, plaque and calculus accumulation, malocclusions
and bad oral habits (mouth breathing, nails biting).

Conclusion::
West Syndrome patients’ oral hygiene is generally bad due to their motor difficulty and to
their low compliance towards dentists, which entails general anaesthesia to perform dental treatment.
West Syndrome pharmacological treatment is usually based on antiepileptic drugs and/or ACTH.
These medications are well known for their ability to induce gingival enlargement, increasing the possibility
of plaque accumulation and gingivitis development.
In-silico Designing, ADMET Analysis, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Derivatives of Diosmin Against Urease Protein and Helicobacter pylori Bacterium
Authors: Kataria Ritu , Khatkar Anurag 
Published: November 2019

Background:Designing drug candidates against the urease enzyme, which has been found responsible for many pathological disorders in human beings as well as in animals, was done by insilico means.Methods:Studies were carried out on a designed library of diosmin derivatives with the help of Schrodinger’s maestro package of molecular docking software against a crystallographic complex of plant enzyme Jack bean urease (PDB ID: 3LA4). Best twelve derivatives of diosmin were selected for synthesis by considering their interaction energy along with docking score and were further investigated for antioxidant, urease inhibitory and Anti-H. pylori activity by in- vitro method along with ADMET analysis.Results:In-vitro results of series concluded compounds D2a, D2d and D7 (IC50 12.6 ± 0.002, 14.14 ± 0.001 and 15.64 ± 0.012 µM respectively in urease inhibition and 5.195 ± 0.036, 5.39 ± 0.020 and 5.64± 0.005 µM in antioxidant behavior against DPPH) were found to be significantly potent with excellent docking score -11.721, -10.795, -10.188 and binding energy -62.674, -63.352, -56.267 kJ/ mol as compared to standard drugs thiourea and acetohydroxamic acid (-3.459, -3.049 and -21.156 kJ/mol and - 17.454 kJ/mol) whereas compounds D2b, D5b, D5d and D6 were found moderate in urease inhibitory activity.Conclusions:Selected candidates from the outcome of in-vitro urease inhibitory were further examined for anti- H. pylori activity by a well diffusion method against H. pylori bacterium (DSM 4867). Compound D2a showed good anti-H. Pylori activity with a zone of inhibition 10.00 ± 0.00 mm and MIC value 500µg/mL as compared to standard drug acetohydroxamic acid having a zone of inhibition 9.00 ± 0.50mm and MIC 1000µg/mL. In- silico studies played an important role in designing the potent ligands against urease protein as well as in explaining the binding pattern of designed and synthesized ligand within the active pocket of jack bean urease protein. ADMET studies were also carried out to check the drug similarity of designed compounds by the means of quikprop module of molecular docking software. Hence, the present investigation studies will provide a new vision for the discovery of potent agents against H. pylori and urease associated diseases.
Structurally Related Edaravone Analogues: Synthesis, Antiradical, Antioxidant, and Copper-Chelating Properties
Authors: LeBlanc Alexandre , Cuperlovic-Culf Miroslava , Morin Pier Jr. , Touaibia Mohamed 
Published: November 2019

Background::
The current therapeutic options available to patients diagnosed with Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are limited and edaravone is a compound that has gained significant
interest for its therapeutic potential in this condition.

Objectives: :
The current work was thus undertaken to synthesize and characterize a series of edaravone
analogues.

Methods:
A total of 17 analogues were synthesized and characterized for their antioxidant properties,
radical scavenging potential and copper-chelating capabilities.

Results:
Radical scavenging and copper-chelating properties were notably observed for edaravone.
Analogues bearing hydrogen in position 1 and a phenyl at position 3 and a phenyl in both positions of
pyrazol-5 (4H)-one displayed substantial radical scavenging, antioxidants and copper-chelating properties.
High accessibility of electronegative groups combined with higher electronegativity and partial
charge of the carbonyl moiety in edaravone might explain the observed difference in the activity of
edaravone relative to the closely related analogues 6 and 7 bearing hydrogen at position 1 and a phenyl
at position 3 (6) and a phenyl in both positions (7).

Conclusion:
Overall, this study reveals a subset of edaravone analogues with interesting properties.
Further investigation of these compounds is foreseen in relevant models of oxidative stress-associated
diseases in order to assess their therapeutic potential in such conditions.
Concentration Dependent Luminescence and Energy Transfer Properties of Samarium Doped LLSZFB Glasses
Authors: Anjaiah Gudelly , Sasikala Thammisetty , Kistaiah Puram 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Recently, great importance has been devoted to borate glass systems
doped with rare-earth ions because of their unique peculiar properties in the field of
photonics for optical applications.

Objective:
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of concentration of
Sm3+ ions on the luminescence properties of lead fluoroborate glasses through the energy
transfer mechanism.

Materials and Methods:
Samarium doped lead fluoroborate glasses with chemical composition
20PbF2 .10Li2O .5SrO .5ZnO. (60-x) B2O3. xSm2O3 (where x = 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and
2.0 mol %) were prepared by means of melt quenching method. The concentration dependent
luminescence properties were investigated in detail from the optical absorption, photoluminescence
and decay analysis. Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory was applied to analyze the optical
absorption spectra. The experimental oscillator strengths of absorption bands have been
used to determine the J-O parameters. Using the J-O parameters Ωλ (λ = 2, 4 and 6) and
luminescence data several radiative parameters were obtained.

Results:
From the luminescence spectra, it was noticed that luminescence quenching starts
at higher concentrations of Sm3+ ions (x ≥ 0.5 mol %). The decay curves of 4G5/2 → 6H7/2
transition exhibit a single exponential at lower dopant concentrations (x= 0.1 and 0.5 mol
%) and non-exponential at higher concentrations (x ≥ 1 mol %). The concentration
quenching was attributed to the energy transfer through the cross-relaxation between Sm3+
ions. The non-exponential curves were well fitted to Inokuti-Hirayama model for S = 6, indicating
that the energy transfer between Sm3+ - Sm3+ ions is of dipole-dipole type. The
calculated color coordinates of the as-prepared glasses fall within the reddish-orange region
of the CIE diagram.

Conclusion:
All the experimental results indicate that the 0.5 mol% Sm3+ ions doped
LLSZFB glass can be a possible choice for solid state lighting and display applications.
Financiamento da Educação Básica: o grande desafio para os municípios
Authors: Alves Thiago , Silveira Adriana Aparecida Dragone , Schneider Gabriela 
Published: November 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o desafio da adoção de parâmetros de qualidade nacionais utilizados para calcular o CAQ/ CAQi no orçamento municipal. Para tanto, analisa, por meio da ferramenta Simulador de Custo Aluno-Qualidade (SimCAQ), a distância entre o investimento atualmente realizado e o que seria necessário para conseguir financiar o CAQi em três municípios de mesmo porte populacional, mas com características distintas quanto à realidade orçamentária-financeira. Os resultados indicam o impacto de um padrão de qualidade nacional para a garantia da oferta de ensino em condições de qualidade e mostram a necessidade de ampliar as fontes de recursos de modo a garantir o financiamento do CAQi.
ANALYZING THEMATIC STRUCTURE IN INDONESIAN FOLKTALES IN ENGLISH VERSION: A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR (SFG)
Authors: Efransyah Efransyah 
Published: November 2019

This research is entitled “Analyzing Thematic Structure in Indonesian Folktales in English Version: A Systemic Functional Grammar Study (SFG)”. The objectives of this study are analyzing and describing the themes, their elements and thematic progressions of Indonesian Folktales in English Version. The collected data, in this research, were taken from the book entitled “Indonesian Folktales” published in 1981 by Pustaka Media Publisher. One data, Princess Sumur Bandung which consists of 50 paragraphs and 221 clauses was chosen to be analyzed based on the theory of Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) of Gerot and Wignell (1994). The method and technique used in this study are a descriptive qualitative method. The results of this research reveal that (1) there are two kinds of theme-rheme patterns are found; they are simple theme-rheme patterns and multiple theme-rheme patterns. In details, the simple theme-rheme patterns contain constant theme-rheme pattern, linear theme-theme rheme pattern, and derived theme-rheme pattern, while multiple ones contain a combination of constant and linear theme, a combination of linear and derived theme, and a combination of constant, linear and derived theme-rheme pattern. Besides, the combination of constant and linear theme-rheme pattern are the most frequently distributed. While the elements of themes which found are textual, interpersonal and ideational elements. Textual elements cover continuative, structural conjunction, wh-relative and conjunctive adjunct. Interpersonal elements cover modal adjunct, vocative, wh-interrogative and finite verbal operator. Ideational elements cover nominal group, noun, adverbial group, prepositional phrase, process, complement, group complex and adverb.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION THROUGH SQ3R (SURVEY, QUESTION, READ, RECITE AND REVIEW) TECHNIQUE
Authors: Anjuni Gian Reka , Cahyadi Roby 
Published: November 2019

This research entitled “Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension Through SQ3R Technique”. This research has purpose to figure out the use of SQ3R strategy in improving students’ reading comprehension. The population of this research is students of SMA Negeri 1 Cipongkor including eleventh grade of IPS class and IPA class. The number of population is 60 students. The sample of this research is only one class that is IPS class consists 30 students. The quantitative research method is used in this research, and specifically the one group pre-test post-test design as research design. The instrument of this researches is pretest and posttest and the writers also use t-test formula for collecting data. The result of the research shows that tobs is 2.42, the ttable with degrees of freedom (df) 29 and level of significance at 0.05 was 1,69. Based on the data, the t-test result was 2.42, it was higher that t-table (2.42 > 1.69). It means the alternative hypothesis was accepted. According to the data analysis which is collected, it can be concluded that the test is reliable. And the research showed that teaching students’ reading comprehension using SQ3R technique is very useful. That is why, the SQ3R strategy is suitable in improving students’ reading comprehension.Keywords: Reading, Reading Comprehension, SQ3R Strategy
IMPROVING THE STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY THROUGH PICTURE SERIES FOR DEAF AND HARD OF HEARING LEARNERS
Authors: Setiati Euis , Gemilang Resty Wirianty 
Published: November 2019

This research is classroom action research that was done in two cycles. The data was gathered through test, observation and interview. This research was conducted in SMPLB-B Prima Bhakti Mulia at Cimahi Utara. The respondents of this research was the eitht grade students. Furthermore, the data from observation and interview showed that there are some benefits, those are the increasing of students’ participation in the class, increasing of students’ writing interest and fun learning’s atmosphere. With the used of pictures series make easily understand and write the descriptive text for the deaf and hard to hearing learners. The findings showed that In Cycle 1, there were 5 students (74%) of 7 students who achieved the minimum passing grade and the remaining 2 students (26%) who had not achieved, the highest score research is 80 and the lowest score achievement is 55. This cycle is not successful because it does not reach the success criteria. In Cycle 2, there were 6 students (82%) who achieved minimum passing grade and there were 1 students (18%) of the students who did not pass the minimum passing grade, the highest achievement score in this cycle is 90 and the lowest achievement score is 60. This indicates that picture series had significance improve on students’ writing ability for deaf and hard of hearing learners.
USING THREE STEP-INTERVIEW TO IMPROVE STUDENT’S SPEAKING ABILITY
Authors: Aristy Ismi , Hadiansyah Rega , Apsari Yanuarti 
Published: November 2019

Speaking can be defined as an activity to share or discuss information that helped people to communicate with each other. To improve the students’ speaking learning interest, the teacher needs to recognize how to teach speaking effectively, and what instructional materials are the most appropriate for their students. The aims of the research are to find out whether or not teaching speaking using three – Step interview technique in improving students’speaking ability and to find out the teaching and learning situation when three – Step interview technique implemented in the speaking class.This research is Classroom Action Research. The data was collected through observation, interview and test. The respondents of this research were the seventh grade students of SMP Putra Juang Cianjur.This research revealed that the pre-test data the average was 45,86. After implementing the three-step interview technique in every cycle, the students’ speaking score was getting better. It can be seen from the result of students' average score Cycle 1 was 51,60 and Cycle 2 was 60,26 It can be concluded that the three-step interview technique can improve students’ speaking interest and three step interview technique can improve speaking classroom into a better situation. Keywords: three step interview, speaking interest, CAR.
ANALYZE TURN TAKING IN TALK SHOW ABOUT EDUCATION FOR EVERYONE ON CHANNEL YOUTUBE
Authors: Setiawan Deri , Ningtyas Zely Mustika , Lisdawati Ida 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe research about speaking language section of discrouse analysis turn taking analyze language. In this research, the researchers use qualitative method and the data is obtained from the video talkshow in the youtube about “Learn English with Taylor Swift”. In the talkshow, there are two persons that have in video, one speaker and one hearer, and tells about someone using social media, trips to Asia, and tour. The talkshow has a message of education, motivation for people to use social media. The purpose of this study is to find out the talkshow had a turn to speak. Analyze in video is the main activity in this research. In the video talkshow the speaker gives questions according to the topics that are brought or presented. In this talkshow the speaker ended the event with the closing. Keywords: Turn taking, talkshow , discourse analysis, qualitative.
TONES OF STEVE JOB'S GOODBYE SPEECH
Authors: Rusilawati Yena Aulia , Haryudin Acep , Efransyah Efransyah 
Published: November 2019

This article is an analysis study of tone in a speech, and this analysis based on the theory by Michael McCarthy and Crystal. The article is aimed to know about kinds of tones, the dominant tones and the meaning of dominant tones in the speech. The writers found that this speech used five kinds of tones, namely Rise, Fall, Fall-rise, Rise-fall and level. The result showed all answer of the question. In this article we can know the meaning from the speaker in his speech, how is his feeling and his expression just from their tones in speaking that is Steve job’s showed how Steve Job’s is Encouragement, Urgency and Straight (positive face) because the dominant types of tone he used in his speech is Fall-rise. In the video showed. The writers suggests for the further writers can use other sources which are more than interesting from this one.
THE USE OF ELLIPSIS IN HINGLISH SHORT MOVIE
Authors: Safwarika Sinta Fitri , Atmawidjaja Nai Supartini 
Published: November 2019

In discourse features, including cohesion, there is an ellipsis. Ellipsis is one of the features to make communication more effective especially in written. Ellipsis exist in three kinds there are a nominal ellipsis, verbal ellipsis, and clausal ellipsis. Based on that problem, the researcher wants to investigate what are the ellipsis elements used, implemented and how are the ellipsis expressed in Hinglish Short Movie which have title “Divorce” . In order that can give critical analyze, describe the ellipsis elements and the interpretation of the ellipsis in the dialogues of that movie itself and practically it gives contribution for the teachers, students, researcher, education and other researchers. The technique used by the researcher was documentation by watching “Divorce” Hinglish with analysis of the dialogues from the movie. From the data that have been analyzed, it was found that there were three types of ellipsis elements that occurred in the analysis of ellipsis in “Divorce” Hinglish Movie. The most frequent types were verbal ellipsis occurred 3 times clausal and nominal ellipsis occurred once of a time both of them. Verbal ellipsis was the most productive types.Keywords: Discourse, Cohesion, Ellipsis, nominal ellipsis, verbal ellipsis, clausal ellipsis
Asymmetric Investor Materiality and the Effects of Disclosure
Authors: Doxey Marcus M. , Hatfield Richard C , Rippy Jordan A. , Peel R. Kyle 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARY
We broaden our understanding of investor materiality, finding it to be asymmetrical for good and bad news. Motivated by legal and standards-based materiality definitions, we consider both participants' stated materiality limits and investment judgments, as well as the effect of auditors' materiality disclosures on those judgments. The study employs a 3 × 2 experiment manipulating materiality disclosure (high or low materiality number or no disclosure) and gain or loss subsequent events of equal magnitude. Absent disclosure, non-professional investors report lower materiality thresholds than typical auditor limits, and they exhibit lower materiality levels for bad news relative to good news both in their stated preferences and investment decisions. We find that disclosure reduces the distance between user and auditor materiality and eliminates the asymmetry in investors' stated materiality levels. However, disclosure fails to attenuate asymmetry in investment decisions, suggesting materiality preferences are “sticky” and difficult to affect through disclosure.