bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming the Odds: Toward a Molecular Profile of Long-Term Survival in Glioblastoma
Authors: Richardson Timothy E , Kumar Ashwani , Xing Chao , Hatanpaa Kimmo J , Walker Jamie M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
For over a century, gliomas were characterized solely by histologic features. With the publication of the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System, Revised 4th Edition in 2016, integrated histologic and molecular diagnosis became the norm, providing improved tumor grading and prognosis with IDH1/2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2) mutation being the most significant prognostic feature in all grades of adult diffuse glioma. Since then, much work has been done to identify additional molecular prognostic features, but the bulk of the progress has been made in defining aggressive features in lower grade astrocytoma. Although there have been several large case series of glioblastomas with long-term survival (LTS; overall survival ≥36 months), less is known about the clinical and molecular features of these cases. Herein, we review 19 studies examining LTS glioblastoma patients from 2009 to 2020 that include variable molecular analysis, including 465 cases with survival of 36 months or more (total n = 2328). These studies suggest that while there is no definitive molecular signature of long survival, younger age, IDH mutation, and MGMT (methyl guanine methyl transferase) promoter hypermethylation are associated with longer overall survival, and in IDH-wildtype tumors, chromosome 19/20 co-gain and lack of EGFR amplification, chromosome 7 gain/10 loss, and TERT promoter mutation are associated with LTS.
Minimally invasive left atrial appendage (LAA) clip insertion after challenging LAA occluder implantation to minimize the risk of stroke
Authors: Cetinkaya Ayse , Zeriouh Mohamed , Liakopoulos Oliver-Joannis , Hein Stefan , Siemons Tamo , Bramlage Peter , Schönburg Markus , Choi Yeong-Hoon , Richter Manfred 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, requiring lifelong anticoagulation or interventional, transseptal left atrial appendage (LAA) occluder implantation to minimize stroke risk. Incomplete LAA closure post implantation is a frequent observation. Incomplete LAA occlusion after transseptal occluder implantation necessitates anticoagulation in cases of persistent AF to minimze risk of embolism and/or apoplexy. Patients with contraindications to lifelong anticoagulation therapy are challenging to treat and alternative options are needed. We present a case of a patient with persistent AF who underwent frustraneous LAA occluder implantation. The patient’s anatomy necessitated surgical closure of the LAA, which was accomplished with an LAA clip 4 weeks after implantation. The patient was discharged in excellent clinical status 5 days after the surgery. No further complications were observed within the following year.
Ambiguity and long-run cooperation in strategic games
Authors: Rojas Marco , Vergara Damián 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We study the effects of ambiguity on long-run cooperation in infinitely repeated strategic games. Using a simple parametric model of ambiguity, we study conditions for sustaining cooperative equilibria in the long-run. We apply our framework to the prisoner’s dilemma and duopoly models. We find that (i) ambiguity may affect the game’s structure eventually making the noncooperative equilibrium ex ante preferred; (ii) higher levels of ambiguity make long-run cooperation less likely since it makes punishment schemes less effective; and (iii) large levels of ambiguity may preclude the possibility of mutually beneficial long-run agreements, even when cooperation is beneficial from an ex ante perspective.
RADON CONCENTRATION IN SOIL AND GROUNDWATER OF WEST COASTAL AREA, BANGLADESH
Authors: Deeba Farah , Rahman Syed Hafizur , Kabir Mohammad Zafrul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
On-site radon concentration has been measured in soil gas and ground water using AlphaGUARD PQ2000 PRO (Saphymo, Germany) radon monitor at the west coastal area of Bangladesh. The measured radon concentration in ground water samples is in the range of 1.41 ± 0.29 to 3.2 ± 0.59 Bq/l with the mean value of 2.33 ± 0.50 Bq/l, which lies within the safe limit recommended by UNSCEAR (2008). The total annual effective dose estimated due to radon concentration in ground water ranges from 3.85 to 8.74 μSv/y with the mean value of 6.37 μSv/y, which is lower than the safe limit set by WHO (2004) and EU (1998). In soil samples, radon concentration has been measured at three different depths (0, 20 and 40 cm) in each location. The highest and the lowest concentrations are 4790 ± 51 and 10 ± 04 Bq/m3 at 40 and 0 cm (surface) depth, respectively, which lie within the natural background levels.
The Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons under the Kampala Convention: An Institutional Approach
Authors: Adeola Romola 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Kampala Convention has emerged as a significant regional framework for the protection and assistance of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Africa. Over the last decade, the importance of this framework has been reflected at various levels of governance. However, one gap in the literature relates to the institutional arrangements surrounding the Kampala Convention, even as it moves beyond the first decade and has been ratified by nearly two-thirds of the current Member States of the African Union. This issue is the thrust of this article. In particular, it examines how the institutions of the wider African Union system can shape the implementation of the Kampala Convention and better ensure protection and assistance for IDPs in this region.
Is the alignment between public research organisations' R&D competence and policies really critical for technology transfer?
Authors: Son Hosung , Chung Yanghon , Yoon Sangpil 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study examines the effects of commercially-oriented research and development (R&D) competence and technology commercialisation (TC) policies in public research organisations (PROs) on R&D efficiency of companies when they receive technology transfer from PROs. This study especially uses three-stage data envelopment analysis in order to control the companies’ absorptive capacity and innovation hurdles that affect the efficiency. The results show that companies that receive technology transfer from PROs that have good alignment between commercially-oriented R&D competence and TC policies have higher R&D efficiency than companies that do not. On the other hand, the misalignment between PROs’ commercially-oriented R&D competence and TC policies can have negative effects on R&D efficiency of companies that receive technology transfer. Consequently, this study discloses that the alignment between technology transferor's commercially-oriented R&D competence and TC policies is critical for improving the R&D efficiency of companies when the companies acquire technologies from external organisations.
Influence of mandibular advancement on tongue dilatory movement during wakefulness and how this is related to oral appliance therapy outcome for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Jugé Lauriane , Yeung Jade , Knapman Fiona L , Burke Peter G R , Lowth Aimee B , Gan Ken Z C , Brown Elizabeth C , Butler Jane E , Eckert Danny J , Ngiam Joachim , Sutherland Kate , Cistulli Peter A , Bilston Lynne E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
To characterize how mandibular advancement splint (MAS) alters inspiratory tongue movement in people with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during wakefulness and whether this is associated with MAS treatment outcome.

Methods
A total of 87 untreated OSA participants (20 women, apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) 7–102 events/h, aged 19–76 years) underwent a 3T MRI with a MAS in situ. Mid-sagittal tagged images quantified inspiratory tongue movement with the mandible in a neutral position and advanced to 70% of the maximum. Movement was quantified with harmonic phase methods. Treatment outcome was determined after at least 9 weeks of therapy.

Results
A total of 72 participants completed the study: 34 were responders (AHI &lt; 5 or AHI ≤ 10events/h with &gt;50% reduction in AHI), 9 were partial responders (&gt;50% reduction in AHI but AHI &gt; 10 events/h), and 29 nonresponders (change in AHI &lt;50% and AHI ≥ 10 events/h). About 62% (45/72) of participants had minimal inspiratory tongue movement (&lt;1 mm) in the neutral position, and this increased to 72% (52/72) after advancing the mandible. Mandibular advancement altered inspiratory tongue movement pattern for 40% (29/72) of participants. When tongue dilatory patterns altered with advancement, 80% (4/5) of those who changed to a counterproductive movement pattern (posterior movement &gt;1 mm) were nonresponders and 71% (5/7) of those who changed to beneficial (anterior movement &gt;1 mm) were partial or complete responders.

Conclusions
The mandibular advancement action on upper airway dilator muscles differs between individuals. When mandibular advancement alters inspiratory tongue movement, therapeutic response to MAS therapy was more common among those who convert to a beneficial movement pattern.
A conserved role for sleep in supporting Spatial Learning inDrosophila
Authors: Melnattur Krishna , Kirszenblat Leonie , Morgan Ellen , Militchin Valentin , Sakran Blake , English Denis , Patel Rushi , Chan Dorothy , van Swinderen Bruno , Shaw Paul J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSleep loss and aging impair hippocampus-dependent Spatial Learning in mammalian systems. Here we use the fly Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the relationship between sleep and Spatial Learning in healthy and impaired flies. The Spatial Learning assay is modeled after the Morris Water Maze. The assay uses a “thermal maze” consisting of a 5 × 5 grid of Peltier plates maintained at 36–37°C and a visual panorama. The first trial begins when a single tile that is associated with a specific visual cue is cooled to 25°C. For subsequent trials, the cold tile is heated, the visual panorama is rotated and the flies must find the new cold tile by remembering its association with the visual cue. Significant learning was observed with two different wild-type strains—Cs and 2U, validating our design. Sleep deprivation prior to training impaired Spatial Learning. Learning was also impaired in the classic learning mutant rutabaga (rut); enhancing sleep restored learning to rut mutants. Further, we found that flies exhibited a dramatic age-dependent cognitive decline in Spatial Learning starting at 20–24 days of age. These impairments could be reversed by enhancing sleep. Finally, we find that Spatial Learning requires dopaminergic signaling and that enhancing dopaminergic signaling in aged flies restored learning. Our results are consistent with the impairments seen in rodents and humans. These results thus demonstrate a critical conserved role for sleep in supporting Spatial Learning, and suggest potential avenues for therapeutic intervention during aging.
Eco-Epidemiological Uncertainties of Emerging Plant Diseases: The Challenge of Predicting Xylella fastidiosa Dynamics in Novel Environments
Authors: Occhibove Flavia , Chapman Daniel S. , Mastin Alexander J. , Parnell Stephen S. R. , Agstner Barbara , Mato-Amboage Rosa , Jones Glyn , Dunn Michael , Pollard Chris R. J. , Robinson James S. , Marzano Mariella , Davies Althea L. , White Rehema M. , Fearne Andrew , White Steven M. 
Published: September 2020

In order to prevent and control the emergence of biosecurity threats such as vector-borne diseases of plants, it is vital to understand drivers of entry, establishment, and spatiotemporal spread, as well as the form, timing, and effectiveness of disease management strategies. An inherent challenge for policy in combatting emerging disease is the uncertainty associated with intervention planning in areas not yet affected, based on models and data from current outbreaks. Following the recent high-profile emergence of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa in a number of European countries, we review the most pertinent epidemiological uncertainties concerning the dynamics of this bacterium in novel environments. To reduce the considerable ecological and socio-economic impacts of these outbreaks, eco-epidemiological research in a broader range of environmental conditions needs to be conducted and used to inform policy to enhance disease risk assessment, and support successful policy-making decisions. By characterizing infection pathways, we can highlight the uncertainties that surround our knowledge of this disease, drawing attention to how these are amplified when trying to predict and manage outbreaks in currently unaffected locations. To help guide future research and decision-making processes, we invited experts in different fields of plant pathology to identify data to prioritize when developing pest risk assessments. Our analysis revealed that epidemiological uncertainty is mainly driven by the large variety of hosts, vectors, and bacterial strains, leading to a range of different epidemiological characteristics further magnified by novel environmental conditions. These results offer new insights on how eco-epidemiological analyses can enhance understanding of plant disease spread and support management recommendations. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Diagnosis and Management of Intraamniotic Infection
Authors: Fan Shang-Rong , Liu Ping , Yan Shao-Mei , Peng Ji-Ying , Liu Xiao-Ping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Intraamniotic infection (IAI) or chorioamnionitis is a common cause of preterm birth and may cause adverse neonatal outcomes, including neonatal pneumonia, respiratory distress, meningitis, sepsis, and death. Maternal morbidities from intraamniotic infection include dysfunctional labor requiring increased intervention, cesarean birth, postpartum uterine atony with hemorrhage, endometritis, peritonitis, sepsis, adult respiratory distress syndrome and, rarely, death. Chorioamnionitis can result from an ascending infection, iatrogenic causes or transplacental passage from maternal blood-borne infections. The clinical findings of chorioamnionitis include maternal fever (≥38 °C), maternal (>100 beats per minute) and/or fetal tachycardia (>160 beats per minute), maternal leukocytosis on complete blood count (>15 000 cells/mm3), and uterine tenderness and/or purulent and/or foul-smelling amniotic fluid. The management of chorioamnionitis mainly includes antibiotic therapy and delivery. Women with previable preterm premature rupture of membranes should be offered realistic counseling from a multidisciplinary approach. The separation of the mother and the fetus to preserve the life of the mother should prioritize delivery methods that result in a living fetus if possible, with appropriate neonatal resuscitation available.
Noninvasive Prenatal Testing for Fetal XXY Aneuploidies Among Pregnancies in Beijing of China
Authors: Chang Jia-Zhen , Qi Qing-Wei , Zhou Xi-Ya , Jiang Yu-Lin , Hao Na , Liu Jun-Tao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the screening performance of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) based on high-throughput massively parallel sequencing technology for the fetal XXY aneuploidies among pregnancies in Beijing of China.

Methods:
The study enrolled 26 913 consecutive pregnancies, 20–50 years old, who attended the Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China, for prenatal screening from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019. Cell-free DNA was extracted from maternal peripheral blood to have a high-throughput massively parallel sequencing procedure. Cases with high-risk of fetal XXY were suggested to take invasive prenatal diagnosis (IPD) for confirmation. Maternal DNA sequencing was performed, if necessary, to find other potential factors that may lead to high-risk results of XXY by NIPT.

Results:
Among a cohort of 26 913 pregnant women, 34 were high-risk for fetal XXY, among which 30 accepted IPD while 4 declined. In those who accepted IPD, 19 cases were confirmed fetal XXY by chromosome karyotyping analysis while 11 were verified as false positive. Among the 19 confirmed fetal XXY cases, 14 elected pregnancy termination. For all the 34 high-risk cases, two were verified maternal sex chromosome aneuploidy. The calculated detection rate, positive predictive value, and false-positive rate of NIPT for fetal XXY in this cohort was 100.00% (19/19), 63.33% (19/30), and 0.04% (11/26 890), respectively. And the percentage of pregnancy termination was 73.68% (14/19).

Conclusion:
NIPT could be used as a potential method for fetal XXY screening, although the accuracy needs to be improved. As NIPT is not diagnostic, IPD is strongly recommended for those with high-risk results. For cases with discordance between NIPT and fetal karyotyping, maternal DNA sequencing would help to identify the cause of false-positive/false-negative results.
Prenatal Testing or Screening?
Authors: Evans Mark I. , Evans Shara M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Over the past 50 years, the scope and extent of prenatal diagnosis and screening for genetic disorders have improved geometrically. There has been a pendulum like swing from testing to screening back and forth as new technologies emerge. The concurrent developments of cell free fetal DNA analysis of maternal blood has dramatically changed patient's choices towards screening. However, with the use of array comparative genomic hybridization of fetal DNA that requires diagnostic procedures (Chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis), much more extensive diagnosis can be obtained. Until noninvasive methods can replicate what can be done with diagnostic procedures there still will be a “price to be paid” for opting for the non-invasive methods.
Association of an Increased Risk of Pre-eclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction in Singleton and Twin Pregnancies with Female Fetuses
Authors: Bi Shilei , Zhang Lizi , Wang Zhijian , Tang Jingman , Xie Sushan , Gong Jingjin , Lin Lin , Ren Luwen , Huang Lijun , Zeng Shanshan , Chen Jingsi , Du Lili , Chen Dunjin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective:
To investigate whether the fetal gender affects the incidence of pre-eclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) in singleton and twin pregnancies.

Methods:
This was a 10-year single-center, retrospective, cohort study from January 2009 to January 2019. A total of 57,129 singleton and 3699 twin pregnancies aged between 18–55 years old were recruited at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China. We used multivariable logistic regression to analyze the effect of fetal gender on the incidence of PE and FGR.

Results:
In singleton pregnancies, the incidence rates of PE and FGR with a female fetus were higher than those with a male fetus (6.4% (1713/26,793) vs. 5.9% (1803/30,336), P < 0.05 and 3.5% (932/26,793) vs. 2.4% (745/30,336), P < 0.05, respectively). A female fetus was an independent risk factor for either PE or FGR (adjusted odds ratio: 1.169 or 1.563; 95% confidence interval: 1.036–1.319 or 1.349–1.810, respectively). In twin pregnancies, the incidence of early-onset PE was greater in pregnancies with two females compared with two males or one male plus one female (4.6% (46/1003) vs. 4.1% (54/1305) vs. 2.4% (33/1391), P < 0.05). Female-female twins was an independent risk factor for PE (adjusted odds ratio: 1.367, 95% confidence interval: 1.011–1.849), especially early-onset PE.

Conclusion:
The female fetus was associated with PE in both singleton and twin pregnancies and was also a risk factor of FGR in singleton pregnancies.
Conceptualizations of Mental Disorder at a US Academic Medical Center
Authors: Aftab Awais , Joshi Yash , Sewell Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
How health care professionals conceptualize mental illness has received relatively little attention in existing literature. This survey explored how health care professionals, academic faculty, and trainees at a US academic medical center (departments of psychiatry, neurology, family medicine, and geriatric medicine, as well as medical students, nurses, and social workers) conceptualize the notion of mental disorder. Respondents (N = 209) were asked to rate their agreement or disagreement with a variety of conceptual statements. Overall, distress and impairment were seen as essential features of mental disorder, and the presence of a biological abnormality was not considered necessary. There was significant correlation between disease status and biological etiology attribution for all conditions except homosexuality. Psychology trainees and psychologists were significantly less likely to call a condition a disease compared with other groups. There was a general lack of consensus regarding conceptual issues fundamental to psychiatry. Conceptualizations of mental disorder held by respondents were complex and did not fit easily within the “biological psychiatry” paradigm.
Adjuvant Guided Exercise Therapy Versus Self-Organized Activity in Patients With Major Depression
Authors: Haussleiter Ida S. , Bolsinger Brigitta , Assion Hans-Jörg , Juckel Georg 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Exercise seems to be effective in reducing depression itself, as well as the risk of relapse. This study evaluated whether standardized guided exercise therapy (GET) in comparison with self-organized activity (SOA) is an effective augmentation therapy in depressive adults. A total of 111 inpatients (66.7% women; mean age, 45.05 ± 12.19 years) with major depression were randomly assigned to either GET or SOA. Interventions were performed three times a week, with each session lasting 50 minutes. Both GET and SOA exerted effects even after a short-term application of 6 weeks. GET was superior to SOA in reducing depression symptom severity, as measured by the Hamilton Depression Scale (p = 0.017), specifically improving suicidality (p = 0.028) as well as time (p = 0.003) and severity of diurnal variation (p = 0.027). The findings support the beneficial role of adjuvant GET in patients with major depression as a feasible treatment in a psychiatric short-term inpatient setting.