bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individualized Implant: A surgical advice for rotational stability and additional proximal locking of the Fassier-Duval telescoping nail
Authors: Schiedel Frank M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background When stabilizing fractures and osteotomies in growing patients with special conditions of the long bones, the use of the Fassier-Duval nail as intended by the manufacturer (Pega Medical, Quebec, Canada) [1], shows that one problem with passive telescopic nails has not yet been solved. No stability in the rotation can be achieved. Postoperative to immobilize with plaster casts are obsolete in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, as additional osteopenia due to immobilization must be feared. Especially with fractures and osteotomies in proximal femur long leg spica casts are a torture to patients and caregivers.Methods By experience in different surgical procedures in usage of the Fassier-Duval nailing system a technical solution for rotational stability of the nail as well as for locking of the nail in the proximal and distal physis could be developed.Results A transverse slot can be cutted in all available diameters of the female parts to make the FD nail rotationally stable. A proximal locking hole can be drilled individually by the surgeon on the operating table. The technical solution to the problems is presented in two exemplary cases in this article.Conclusions Rotational stability and additional proximal locking options can be achieved by additionally individualization of the Fassier-Duval telescoping nail during surgery.
Metagenomic analysis of effects of oxytetracycline and copper on antibiotic resistance genes and associated pathogenic hosts in swine manure compost
Authors: Guo Honghong , gu jie , Wang Xiaojuan , Song Zilin , Qian Xun , Sun Wei , Yu Jing , Lei Liusheng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in compost and their horizontal transfer to human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) may lead to the failure of human antibiotics. However, the antibiotic resistome in compost has not been comprehensively characterized. This study used a metagenomic approach to obtain new insights into the effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) and copper (Cu) on the antibiotic resistome during swine manure composting and the risks posed to human health. Results: The results showed that composting reduced the abundances and diversity of ARGs and HPB in swine manure. In total, 289 ARG subtypes and 19 ARG types were detected in the samples with abundances ranging from 1.08 ´ 10 –1 to 9.39 ´ 10 –1 copies/16S rRNA, which mainly encoded tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin (MLS) resistance genes. The application of OTC and Cu, especially the combined application, exacerbated the compost resistome risk scores and specific ARG subtypes responded differently. Tetracycline, multidrug, and MLS resistance genes mainly affected resistance profiles of HPB throughout the composting process. HPB and intI1 had significant positive effects on determining the ARG profiles during the composting process, and the co-selective effect of heavy metals may increase the abundances of ARGs via strong positive effects on intI1 . In addition, the effect of mobile genetic elements on the horizontal gene transfer of ARGs should not be ignored. Conclusions: This study of the antibiotic resistome in compost indicates the need for effective regulation of the misuse of livestock and poultry feed additives in order to minimize the spread of the antibiotic resistome in agro-ecosystems and decrease the potential risk to public health. Keywords: Antibiotic resistome; Composting; Metagenome; Pathogenic host; Swine manure
Postural control learning dynamics in Parkinson’s disease: early ‎improvement with plateau in stability, and continuous progression in ‎flexibility and mobility
Authors: Rahmati Zahra , Behzadipour Saeed , Schouten Alfred C. , Taghizadeh Ghorban , Firoozbakhsh Keikhosrow 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Balance training improves postural control in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, a systematic approach for the development of individualized, optimal training programs is still lacking, as the learning dynamics of the postural control in PD, over a training program are poorly understood. Methods: We explored the learning dynamics of the postural control in PD, during a balance-training program, in terms of the clinical, posturographic, and novel model-based measures. Twenty patients with PD participated in a balance-training program, 3 days a week, for 6 weeks. Clinical tests assessed functional balance and mobility pre-training, mid-training, and post-training. Center-of-pressure (COP) was recorded at four time-points during the training (pre-, week 2, week 4, and post-training). COP was used to calculate the sway measures and to identify the parameters of a patient-specific postural control model, at each time-point (stability and flexibility degree). The posturographic and model-based measures constituted the two sets of stability- and flexibility-related measures. Results: Mobility- and flexibility-related measures showed a continuous improvement during the balance-training program. In particular, mobility improved at mid-training and continued to improve to the end of the training, whereas flexibility-related measures reached significance only at the end. The progression in the balance- and stability-related measures was characterized by early improvements over the first three to four weeks of training, and reached a plateau (did not change) for the rest of the training. Conclusions: The progression in balance and postural stability is achieved earlier and susceptible to plateau out, while mobility and flexibility continues to improve during balance training.
Cellulose-based Biosensor for Bio-molecules Detection in Medical Diagnosis: A Mini-Review
Authors: Chang Minmin , Song Tao , Liu Xinxin , Lin Qixuan , He Bei , Ren Junli 
Published: February 2020

Background::
Biosensors are widely applied for the detection of bio-molecules in blood
glucose , cholesterol, and gene. Cellulose as the most dominating natural polymer has attracted
more and more interest, especially in the field of medicine such as advanced medical diagnosis.
Cellulose could endow biosensors with improved biocompatibility, biodegradability and nontoxicity,
which could help in medical diagnosis. This mini-review summarizes the current development
of cellulose-based biosensors as well as their applications in medical diagnosis in recent
years.

Methods:
After reviewing recent years’ publications we can say that, there are several kinds of
cellulose used in biosensors including different cellulose derivatives, bacterial cellulose and nanocellulose.
Different types of cellulose-based biosensors, such as membrane, nano-cellulose and
others were briefly described in addition to the detection principle. Cellulose-based biosensors
were summarized as in the previous papers. The description of various methods used for preparing
cellulose-based biosensors was also provided.

Results:
Cellulose and its derivatives with their unique chemical structure proved to be versatile
materials providing a good platform for achieving immobilizing bioactive molecules in biosensors.
These cellulose-based biosensors possess various desirable properties such as accuracy, sensitivity,
convenience, low cost and fast response. Among them, cellulose paper-based biosensors
have the advantages of low cost and easy operation. Nano-cellulose has unique properties such as
a large aspect ratio, good dispersing ability and high absorption capacity.

Conclusion:
Cellulose displays a promising application in biosensors which could be used to detect
different bio-molecules such as glucose, lactate, urea, gene, cell, amino acid, cholesterol, protein
and hydroquinone. In future, the attention will be focused on designing miniaturized, multifunctional,
intelligent and integrated biosensors. Creation of low cost and environmentally
friendly biosensors is also very important.
Predictive Analytics and Child Welfare: Toward Data Justice
Authors: Redden Joanna 
Published: February 2020

Background Child welfare agencies in many countries are increasingly using predictive analytics to influence decisions about the allocations of resources and services, risk, and intervention. Analysis The speed with which predictive analytics is being introduced in child welfare services is problematic. Research on this issue raises significant concerns about inequality, transparency, public accountability and oversight. Conclusion and implications These systems are being introduced before adequate review and necessary public debate on whether they should be used in areas of social care. In order for such debate to occur, there needs to be: a) more information about where and how these systems are being implemented; b) greater effort to generate wider public deliberation about their use; and c) more investigation of their impact on practitioners and families.
Unpacking China’s Social Credit System: Informatization, Regulatory Framework, and Market Dynamics
Authors: Jia Lianrui 
Published: February 2020

Background China, with a population of 802 million internet users, a handful of the world’s largest internet companies, and an unfolding Social Credit System (SCS), is often criticized for exerting its data power to surveil and discipline its population.Analysis This article first provides a historical and situated analysis of the SCS as a part of China’s informatization and datafication processes. It then highlights problems in the current legal and regulatory data-protection framework and discusses the self-regulation practices of the private sector.Conclusions and implications Overall, this case study provides a historical and contextualized understanding of China’s SCS and related big data developments and assesses the implications of these development for the globalizing Chinese internet, technology companies and the Chinese public.
Phytochemical screening, Antimycobacterial activity of three medicinal Cameroonians plants and Acute toxicity of hydroethanolic extract of Vitellaria paradoxa
Authors: Assam Assam Jean Paul , Yumsu Tcham Marc Flaubert , Moni Ndedi Esther Del Florence , Betote Diboue Patrick Hervé , Fossi Tchinda Cedric , Penlap Beng Veronique 
Published: February 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) complex, resposible for health problems in developing countries. In Africa, various medicinal plants are traditionally used to treat TB. The aim of this study is to carry out the phytochemical screening, to evaluate the antimycobacterial activity of the crude extracts of three medicinal plants present in Cameroon (Zingiber officinale, Vitellaria paradoxa and Alstonia boonei) and the acute toxicity of hydroethanolic extract of Vitellaria paradoxa. The phytochemical screening was obtained by hydroethanolic extraction and decoction. Inhibitory parameters of antimycobacterial activities were determined using the microplate alamar blue assay against M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) and on one M. tuberculosis clinical strain. The crude extract with the best antimycobacterial activity was used for the acute toxicity assessment according to the OECD protocol. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of triterpenes and steroids in all the extracts, whereas phenols were only present in the decoction of Alstonia boonei. All extracts tested showed antimycobacterial activities. The hydroethanolic extract of V. paradoxa presented the best antimycobacterial activity with MICs of 78.13 and 625 μg/mL and MBCs of 78.13 and 2500 μg/mL respectively on M. tuberculosis H37Rv and on M. tuberculosis clinical strain. The results of the acute toxicity evaluation of V. paradoxa showed a lethal dose 50 greater than 5000 mg/kg compared to control. The antimycobacterial activity of all the plant extracts used in this study justifies the traditional use of these medicinal plants on the treatment of TB.
Keywords: Zingiber officinale, Vitellaria paradoxa, Alstonia boonei, Phytochemical screening, Antimycobacterial activity, Acute toxicity.
Investigation of Renal Protective Effect of Euphorbia antiquorum L.(Stem) in Animal Model
Authors: Yadav Prashant Kumar , Sisodia S. S. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Euphorbia antiquorum is a fleshy shrub belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is widely distributed in the hotter parts of India. It is used as a substitute for the Ayurvedic drug ‘Snuhee’ whose accepted botanical source is Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. The leaf, stem, latex and root of Snuhee are used in treatment of diseases and conditions like, diabetes, coryza, and oedema. Objective: The present study is aimed to investigate the renal protective effect of E. antiquorum alcoholic extracts of the stem on alloxan (150mg/kg) induced diabetic Wistar rats. Methods: All animals were treated for 21 days and sacrificed on the last day. Unwanted placebo effect in case of the control group was blocked by executing appropriate vehicle treatment and same animal handling pattern. Extract and standard drug doses given orally were suspended in 0.9% normal saline. Blood samples were drawn from retro orbital sinus using Diethyl-ether anesthesia at weekly intervals for 3 weeks. Blood samples were labeled in such a way that analysis team was kept blind about groups and nature of the study design. Body weight measurement and blood sampling were done on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day of the study. Conclusion: 21 days daily treatment with a test drug of ethanolic extract of stems of Euphorbia antiquorum significantly reduced the elevated Blood glucose level, Urinary Albumin, urine creatinine, serum creatinine in alloxan induced diabetic rats.
Keywords: Nephropathy, Glomerulonephritis, Creatinine, Albumin, Oedema
A MULHER AUSENTE POR MEIO DA TERRA, DA ÁGUA E DA VOZ DE ADALGISA NERY
Authors: Correia Éverton Barbosa 
Published: February 2020

Intenta-se aqui pontuar melhor o lugar de Adalgisa Nery na historiografia literária brasileira, cuja obra será abordada sob a perspectiva de uma possível expressão individual recortada em três poemas – assinalados pelos elementos terra, água e voz – coligidos no livro A mulher ausente (1940), o qual será abordado em sua edição princeps. Estas três composições serão cotejadas com a poesia de seu marido já falecido e publicada postumamente na Antologia de poetas brasileiros bissextos contemporâneos (1946). Entendida como uma voz peculiarmente individualizada, a poesia de Adalgisa Nery terá como ponto de apoio a recepção por Mário de Andrade, o primeiro e único crítico de sua obra em O empalhador de passsarinho (1946), que também será considerado como instrumental de leitura para atualizar sua compreensão autoral.
Palavras-chave: Historiografia literária. Poesia Brasileira moderna. Vida literária. Estilo. Adalgisa Nery.
BIOFICÇÃO EM QUERIDO DIEGO, TE ABRAZA QUIELA (1985), DE ELENA PONIATOWSKA: UMA LEITURA ENLUTADA
Authors: Moura de Quadros Dênis , Mousquer Antônio Carlos 
Published: February 2020

A bioficção (BOLAÑOS, 2017) (re)escreve a biografia de figuras esquecidas e silenciadas pela História, o pouco que conseguimos encontrar sobre elas sendo escasso demais para reconstruir registros dessa natureza. Para tal finalidade, a ficção serve como base. Assim, propomos neste artigo uma leitura, pelo viés do luto, de Querido Diego, te abraza Quiela (1985), em que Elena Poniatowska resgata e reconta uma pequena parte da biografia da artista plástica Angelina Beloff (1879-1969?), descolando sua vida do epíteto de “primeira esposa de Diego Rivera”.
Palavras-chave: Bioficção. Biografia. Vidas imaginárias. Luto. Angelina Beloff.
Pemahaman Konsep Matematika Melalui Pendekatan Reciprocal Teaching Pada Siswa Kelas X MAN Kuala Enok
Authors: Thahir Musa , Amir MZ Zubaidah 
Published: February 2020

Pemahaman konsep matematika merupakan salah satu tujuan yang mendasar dalam proses pembelajaran dan salah satu tujuan dari materi yang disampaikan oleh guru. Namun, salah satu masalah yang sering muncul dalam pembelajaran matematika adalah rendahnya kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika yang dikemas dalam bentuk soal yang lebih menekankan pada pemahaman konsep suatu pokok bahasan tertentu. Melihat permasalahan tersebut, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa melalui pendekatan reciprocal teaching. Artikel ini menggunakan model penelitian kuasi eksperimen yang dilakukan di MAN Kuala Enok dengan jumlah sampel 50 siswa. Data yang diperoleh terkumpul melalui teknik tes dan dokumentasi yang dianalisis dengan uji t yang tidak berkorelasi. Artikel ini memberikan informasikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan pemahaman konsep antara siswa yang belajar menggunakan pendekatan reciprocal teaching dengan siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran konvensional
Determining Trafficked Areas Using Soil Electrical Conductivity – A Pilot Study
Authors: Galambošová Jana , Macák Miroslav , Rataj Vladimír , Barát Marek , Misiewicz Paula 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Increase in machinery size and its random traffic at fields cause soil compaction resulting in damage of soil structure and degradation of soil functions. Nowadays, rapid methods to detect soil compaction at fields are of high interest, especially proximal sensing methods such as electrical conductivity measurements. The aim of this work was to investigate whether electromagnetic induction (EMI) could be used to determine trafficked areas in silty clay soil. Results of randomized block experiment showed a high significant difference (p <0.01) in EMI data measured between compacted and non-compacted areas. EMI readings from compacted areas were, on average, 11% (shallow range) and 9% (deep range) higher than non-compacted areas, respectively. This difference was determined in both shallow and deep measuring ranges, indicating that the difference in soil compaction was detected in both topsoil and subsoil. Furthermore, the data was found to have a significant spatial variability, suggesting that, in order to detect the increase in EMI (which shows the increase in soil compaction), data within close surrounding area should be included in the analyses. Correlation coefficient of EMI and penetration resistance (average moisture content 32.5% and 30.8% for topsoil and subsoil) was found to be 0.66.
National Minority: The Emergence of the Concept in the Habsburg and International Legal Thought
Authors: Adorjáni Anna , Bari László Bence 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper critically analyses how the term ‘minority’ was conceptualized in the Habsburg and international political and legal thought from the nineteenth century until the Minority Treaties after the First World War. We argue that the phrase ‘national minority’ was absent from the legal language up to 1918. Our paper guides the reader through the various traditions and their interwar interpretations that shaped the emergence of the new concept of ‘minority’. The analysis of parliamentary discourses within the Habsburg Empire shows how old and new meanings coexisted in 1918.
The Process Approach in the Financial Management of Insurance Firms
Authors: Gąsiorkiewicz Lech 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The significance of insurance activity is constantly growing, generating new problems and posing new challenges. One of these challenges is meeting the growing requirements and expectations of customers. This requires the efficient management of insurance companies, which means the necessity to resort to modern management concepts, particularly the concept of process management and its related instruments. The article presents the results of research carried out at the Faculty of Management of the Warsaw University of Technology regarding process management in insurance companies. The distinctness of insurance activity and its financial management is discussed and its following aspects presented: the identification of insurance activity processes encompassing the management of basic and auxiliary processes; the model of the financial management process of insurance companies; the relationship between the financial management process and other processes implemented in insurance companies; financial situation assessment measures for insurance companies, and the financial management process.
Formal Development of Rough Inclusion Functions
Authors: Grabowski Adam 
Published: February 2020

Summary
Rough sets, developed by Pawlak [15], are important tool to describe situation of incomplete or partially unknown information. In this article, continuing the formalization of rough sets [12], we give the formal characterization of three rough inclusion functions (RIFs). We start with the standard one, κ£
, connected with Łukasiewicz [14], and extend this research for two additional RIFs: κ
1, and κ
2, following a paper by Gomolińska [4], [3]. We also define q-RIFs and weak q-RIFs [2]. The paper establishes a formal counterpart of [7] and makes a preliminary step towards rough mereology [16], [17] in Mizar [13].
Evaluating the perception of farmers towards pesticides and the health effect of pesticides: A cross-sectional study in the oil palm plantations of Papar, Malaysia
Authors: Sulaiman Shameer Khan Bin , Ibrahim Yusoff , Jeffree Mohammad Saffree 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Agriculture is an important occupation in Malaysia that generates a major portion of the national revenue. Similar to the rest of the world, pesticides are used to boost agricultural production in Malaysian farms. However, chemical pesticides are associated with human health hazard and are not environment-friendly as they persist in nature for long periods of time. Therefore, pesticide use should be reduced and farmers should be trained on correct and/or alternative ways of pesticide use. In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 19 palm oil plantations in the Sabah district of Malaysia and evaluated the perception of the workers towards pesticide use and awareness regarding the health effects post-pesticide exposure. Analysis of the survey shows that most of the workers among the 270 respondents were 30-year-old males with average education, and belonged to the low income group. Majority opined that they were aware of the health hazards of pesticide use and suffered from symptoms (with mean duration of three days) such as vomiting, diarrhea, skin irritation, and dizziness. Surprisingly, the opinion was almost equally divided on whether they perceived pesticides to be the cause of their health problems, and a major percentage did not avail medical help. Most of the workers responded that they did not receive any training in pesticide handling and used partial personal protective equipment (glasses, hats, shirt, and gloves) during working hours. Interestingly, a large percentage responded that they would not read the safety material even if it was provided. These observations clearly highlight the urgency of improving the awareness, education, and attitude of these plantation workers towards the short- and long-term effects of pesticide use. They should also be educated about alternative and eco-friendly ways of farming. Finally, the plantation management should intervene and proactively advocate the use of safe farming practices.