bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limitations of Active Removal to Manage Predatory Fish Populations
Authors: Michel Cyril J. , Smith Joseph M. , Lehman Brendan M. , Demetras Nicholas J. , Huff David D. , Brandes Patricia L. , Israel Joshua A. , Quinn Thomas P. , Hayes Sean A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Programs to control predatory fishes have successfully increased the survival of imperiled prey fishes in some cases, but efficacy depends on the population dynamics and ecological interactions between the predators, prey, and the rest of the community. In California's Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, extremely low survival of downstream-migrating juvenile salmonids has been ascribed in part to predation by abundant nonnative fishes that have become naturalized in the system. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of removing some of these predatory fish to increase the survival of juvenile salmonids in the San Joaquin River. In 2014 and 2015, we used predation event recorders (PERs) to estimate predation rates before and after localized, experimental predatory fish removals and additions. We also estimated survival of juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha before and after predator manipulations in 2014 using acoustic tags. We found no statistically significant evidence for an effect of predator removals or additions on survival rates of Chinook Salmon (as measured by acoustic tags) or on predation rates (as measured by PERs), despite a one-time reduction of approximately 40–70% of all predators from “removal” sites and relocation to “addition” sites. We review examples of successful predator control programs elsewhere, highlighting key differences between those programs and our study in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta.
EAU/ESPU guidelines on the management of neurogenic bladder in children and adolescent part I diagnostics and conservative treatment
Authors: Stein Raimund , Bogaert Guy , Dogan Hasan S. , Hoen Lisette , Kocvara Radim , Nijman Rien J. M. , Quadackers Josine S. L. T. , Rawashdeh Yazan F. , Silay Mesrur S. , Tekgul Serdar , Radmayr Christian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn childhood, the most common reason for a neurogenic bladder is related to spinal dysraphism, mostly myelodysplasia.AimsHerein, we present the EAU/ESPU guidelines in respect to the diagnostics, timetable for investigations and conservative management including clean intermittent catheterization (CIC).Material and MethodsAfter a systematic literature review covering the period 2000 to 2017, the ESPU/EUAU guideline for neurogenic bladder underwent an update.ResultsThe EAU/ESPU guideline panel advocates a proactive approach. In newborns with spina bifida, CIC should be started as soon as possible after birth. In those with intrauterine closure of the defect, urodynamic studies are recommended be performed before the patient leaves the hospital. In those with closure after birth urodynamics should be done within the next 3 months. Anticholinergic medication (oxybutynin is the only well‐investigated drug in this age group—dosage 0.2‐0.4 mg/kg weight per day) should be applied, if the urodynamic study confirmed detrusor overactivity. Close follow‐up including ultrasound, bladder diary, urinalysis, and urodynamics are necessary within the first 6 years and after that the time intervals can be prolonged, depending on the individual risk and clinical course. In all other children with the suspicion of a neurogenic bladder due to various reasons as tethered cord, inflammation, tumors, trauma, or other reasons as well as those with anorectal malformations, urodynamics—preferable video‐urodynamics, should be carried out as soon as there is a suspicion of a neurogenic bladder and conservative treatment should be started soon after confirmation of the diagnosis of neurogenic bladder. With conservative treatment the upper urinary tract is preserved in up to 90%, urinary tract infections are common, but not severe, complications of CIC are quite rare and continence can be achieved at adolescence in up to 80% without further treatment.Discussion and ConclusionsThe transition into adulthood is a complicated time for both patients, their caregivers and doctors, as the patient wants to become independent from caregivers and treatment compliance is reduced. Also, transition to adult clinics for patients with neurogenic bladders is often not well‐established.
A characterization of ABL‐101 as a potential tracer for clinical fluorine‐19 MRI
Authors: Darçot Emeline , Colotti Roberto , Brennan David , Deuchar Graeme A. , Santosh Celestine , van Heeswijk Ruud B. 
Published: November 2019

The two main challenges that prevent the translation of fluorine‐19 (19F) MRI for inflammation monitoring or cell tracking into clinical practice are (i) the relatively low signal‐to‐noise ratio generated by the injected perfluorocarbon (PFC), which necessitates long scan times, and (ii) the need for regulatory approval and a high biocompatibility of PFCs that are also suitable for MRI. ABL‐101, an emulsion of perfluoro(t‐butylcyclohexane), is a third‐generation PFC that is already used in clinical trials, but has not yet been used for 19F MRI. The objective of this study was therefore to assess the performance of ABL‐101 as a 19F MRI tracer. At magnetic field strengths of 3, 9.4 and 14.1 T, the CF3 groups of ABL‐101 generated a large well‐separated singlet with T2/T1 ratios of >0.27, >0.14 and > 0.05, respectively. All relaxation times decreased with the increase in magnetic field strength. The detection limit of ABL‐101 in a 0.25 mm3 voxel at 3 T, 37°C and with a 3‐minute acquisition time was 7.21mM. After intravenous injection, the clearance half‐lives of the ABL‐101 19F MR signal in mouse (n = 3) spleen and liver were 6.85 ± 0.45 and 3.20 ± 0.35 days, respectively. These results demonstrate that ABL‐101 has 19F MR characteristics that are similar to those of PFCs developed specifically for MRI, while it has clearance half‐lives similar to PFCs that have previously been used in large doses in non‐MRI clinical trials. Overall, ABL‐101 is thus a very promising candidate tracer for future clinical trials that use 19F MRI for cell tracking or the monitoring of inflammation.
Oral health in residential aged care: Perceptions of nurses and management staff
Authors: Patterson Norrie Tiffany , Villarosa Amy R. , Kong Ariana C. , Clark Sally , Macdonald Susan , Srinivas Ravi , Anlezark Jennifer , George Ajesh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore the perceptions of residential aged care nursing and management staff regarding oral care, to develop strategies to improve the oral health of aged care residents.DesignA qualitative approach was used.MethodsTwo focus groups were conducted with nursing and management staff at two residential aged care facilities and transcripts were thematically analysed.ResultsAll staff had an awareness of the importance of oral health; however, they highlighted the significant challenges in the current system that affect implementation of oral health training and practice guidelines in the residential aged care facility. High staff turnover, time constraints, difficulties in accessing dental services and working together with residents, their families and external staff were barriers to providing oral health care. Staff highlighted the need for formalized clinical guidelines and processes and efficient dental referral pathways to create a more cohesive system of care.
The impact of total body irradiation‐based regimens on outcomes in children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Friend Brian D. , Bailey‐Olson Mara , Melton Alexis , Shimano Kristin A. , Kharbanda Sandhya , Higham Christine , Winestone Lena E. , Huang James , Stieglitz Elliot , Dvorak Christopher C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionTotal body irradiation (TBI)‐based conditioning is the standard of care in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that requires allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, TBI is known to be associated with an increased risk of late effects, and therefore, non‐TBI regimens have also been utilized successfully. A recent study showed that patients that were next‐generation sequencing‐minimal residual disease (NGS‐MRD) negative prior to allogeneic HSCT had a very low risk of relapse, and perhaps could avoid exposure to TBI without compromising disease control. We examined outcomes at our institution in patients that received a TBI or non‐TBI regimen, as well as explored the impact of NGS‐MRD status in predicting risk of relapse post transplant.ProceduresThis retrospective analysis included 57 children and young adults with ALL that received their first myeloablative allogeneic HSCT from 2012 to 2017 at the University of California San Francisco. Our primary endpoint was the cumulative incidence of relapse at 3 years post transplant.ResultsWe demonstrated similar cumulative incidence of relapse for patients treated with either a TBI or non‐TBI conditioning regimen, while NGS‐MRD positivity prior to transplant was highly predictive of relapse. The presence of acute graft‐versus‐host disease was associated with decreased relapse rates, particularly among patients that received a TBI conditioning regimen and patients that were NGS‐MRD positive prior to HSCT.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the decision to use either a TBI or non‐TBI regimens in ALL should depend on NGS‐MRD status, with conditioning regimens based on TBI reserved for patients that cannot achieve NGS‐MRD negativity prior to allogeneic HSCT.
Fabrication of a Novel Polymeric Scaffold for Amperometric Laccase Biosensor
Authors: Soylemez Saniye , Bekmezci Siddika Aybuke , Goker Seza , Toppare Levent 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTPresent work displays the preparation of an electrochemical biosensor using a conjugated polymer and laccase enzyme for catechol quantification in samples. The biosensing system is based on an enzyme immobilization on polymer modified graphite transducer surface. For that purpose, a random conjugated polymer, thienothiophene‐benzoxadiazole‐alt‐benzodithiophene (BOTT), was coated onto a graphite electrode surface via drop casting method followed by immobilization of a biomolecule (laccase) for sensing experiments. Herein, for the first time, we proposed a BOTT polymer as an inexpensive and effective way to fabricate highly sensitive and fast response biosensors. The proposed sensing system possessed superior properties with 0.38 μM limit of detection and 110.81 μA mM−1 sensitivity. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to examine the surface modifications. The proposed system could be useful for many future studies for catechol quantification in environmental samples.© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2333–2339
Double‐crosslinked reversible redox‐responsive hydrogels based on disulfide–thiol interchange
Authors: Che Yunjiao , Zschoche Stefan , Obst Franziska , Appelhans Dietmar , Voit Brigitte 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTWe present novel redox‐responsive hydrogels based on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) or poly(acrylamide), consisting of a reversible disulfide crosslinking agent N,N′‐bis(acryloyl)cystamine and a permanent crosslinking agent N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide for microfluidic applications. The mechanism of swelling/deswelling behavior starts with the cleavage and reformation of disulfide bonds, leading to a change of crosslinking density and crosslinking points. Raman and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy confirm that conversion efficiency of thiol–disulfide interchange up to 99%. Rheological analysis reveals that the E modulus of hydrogel is dependent on the crosslinking density and can be repeatedly manipulated between high‐ and low‐stiffness states over at least 5 cycles without significant decrease. Kinetic studies showed that the mechanical strength of the gels changes as the redox reaction proceeds. This process is much faster than the autonomous diffusion in the hydrogel. Moreover, cooperative diffusion coefficient (Dcoop) indicates that the swelling process of the hydrogel is affected by the reduction reaction. Finally, this reversibly switchable redox behavior of bulky hydrogel could be proven in microstructured hydrogel dots through short‐term photopatterning process. These hydrogel dots on glass substrates also showed the desired short response time on cyclic swelling and shrinking processes known from downsized hydrogel shapes. Such stimuli‐responsive hydrogels with redox‐sensitive crosslinkers open a new pathway in exchanging analytes for sensing and separating in microfluidics applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2590–2601
Potential distribution of two invasive pineapple pests under climate change
Authors: Wei Jiufeng , Peng Lingfei , He Zhiqiang , Lu Yunyun , Wang Fang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe number of global invasive species has significantly increased during the past two centuries due to globalization. The understanding of species invasion under climate change is crucial for sustainable biodiversity conservation, community dynamics, ecosystem function, and resource distribution. Two invasive species, Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell) and D. neobrevipes (Beardsley) have greatly expanded their ranges during recent years. These insects are now considered as extremely serious pests for various plants, especially pineapple. In addition, they are the primary vectors for pineapple wilt associated virus. However, the potential distribution range and management strategies for these pests are unclear.RESULTSIn this study, potential risk maps were developed for these pests with MaxEnt (maximum entropy) based on occurrence data under different environmental variables. The potential distributions of these pests were projected for 2050s and 2070s under three climate change scenarios as described in the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Results showed that both pests have similar potential distributions, with high environmental suitability in South America, Africa and South Asia. In addition, potential range expansions or reductions were predicted under different climate change scenarios. The annual mean temperature was the most important factor, accounting for 43.4% of D. brevipes distribution. The minimum temperature of coldest month and mean temperature of coldest quarter was found to be responsible for 90.3% of D. neobrevipes distribution.CONCLUSIONThis research provided a theoretical reference framework to develop policies in the management and control of these invasive pests. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Interface configuration effects on excitation, exciton dissociation, and charge recombination in organic photovoltaic heterojunction
Authors: Bai Rui‐Rong , Zhang Cai‐Rong , Wu You‐Zhi , Yuan Li‐Hua , Zhang Mei‐Ling , Chen Yu‐Hong , Liu Zi‐Jiang , Chen Hong‐Shan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe morphology of donor‐acceptor heterojunction interface significantly affects the electron/hole processes in organic solar cells, including charge transfer (CT), exciton dissociation (ED), and charge recombination (CR). Here, to investigate interface molecular configuration effects, the donor‐acceptor complexes with face‐on, edge‐on, and end‐on configurations were constructed as model systems for the p‐SIDT(FBTTh2)2/C60 heterojunction. The geometries, electronic structures, and excitation properties of monomers and the complexes with three configurations were studied based on density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT calculations with optimally tuned range separation parameters and solid polarization effects. In terms of Marcus theory, the rate constants of ED and CR processes were analyzed. The results show that most of the excited states for p‐SIDT(FBTTh2)2 exhibit an intramolecular CT character, and the similarity of the excitation characters (CT and local excitation) and energies among three complexes with different configurations indicate that the electronic structure and excitation properties are insensitive to the interfacial molecular configurations. However, the rates of ED and CR processes heavily depend on it. These results underline the importance of controlling molecular configuration and then the morphology at the heterojunction interface in organic solar cells.
Understanding the Stability Trend Along Light Lanthanide Complexes with an Ehtylenediamine‐Type Ligand: A Quantum Chemical Study
Authors: Huang Pin‐Wen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work, the “downward‐upward‐downward” stability trend of a series light lanthanide (Ln, from La to Gd) complexes with N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis[(6‐carboxypyridin‐2‐yl)methyl] ethylene‐diamine (TPAEN) were theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT). TPSSh/SC‐ECP method which can better reproducing sample Eu‐TPAEN complex’ experimental geometrical structural data was selected to investigate the bonding nature, bonding strength and thermodynamic properties of these Ln‐complexes. Based on our calculations, weak partial covalent character exists in Ce−O, Pr−O, and Nd−O bonds, does not induce more stable properties but break down the balance of 10‐coordinated Ln‐TPAEN structures, and lead to the suddenly decreasing of stability from La‐TPAEN to Ce‐TPAEN. Besides, the special “capsule‐shaped” structure, steric effect, and the balance between strength changing of Ln‐Npy (Npy is the nitrogen atom at the pyridine ring), Ln‐Nam (Nam is the nitrogen atom at the amine chain) and Ln−O interactions along the studied light Ln‐complexes might be key factors for the following “upward‐downward” stability trend from Ce to Gd. Our studies may give a reasonable explanation for the “downward‐upward‐downward” stability trend of the studied systems. We hope this work can shed light for the future lanthanide separation reagent designing.
Salt‐Templated Construction of Ultrathin Cobalt Doped Iron Thiophosphite Nanosheets toward Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Huang Hao , Li Fumin , Xue Qi , Zhang Ying , Yin Shiwei , Chen Yu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExploiting efficient electrocatalysts for electrochemical nitrogen reduction (NRR) is highly desired and deeply meaningful for realizing sustainable ammonia (NH3) production under ambient conditions. The Fe protein contains one [Fe4S4] cluster and P cluster, which play an important role for transfer electron during the nitrogen fixing of nitrogenases. Based on the understanding of nitrogenase, the rising‐star 2D iron thiophosphite (FePS3) nanomaterials may be highly active electrocatalysts toward NRR due to the ideal elemental composition. In this work, 2D FePS3 nanosheets are successfully synthesized by a facile salt‐templated method. The FePS3 nanosheets show better electrocatalytic NH3 yield and faradaic efficiency (FE) than Fe2S3, which demonstrates that the P element indeed improves the NRR activity of Fe‐S. Theoretically, Co incorporation not only effectively prompts the conductivity of FePS3, but also enhances the catalytic activities of Fe‐edge sites. Experimentally, Co‐doped FePS3 (Co‐FePS3) nanosheets exhibit a remarkable electrocatalytic performance toward NRR, such as high NH3 yield rate of 90.6 µg h−1 mgcat−1, high FE of 3.38%, and an excellent long‐term stability. Being the first theoretical and experimental report regarding FePS3‐based electrocatalyst toward NRR, this work represents an important beginning to the family of metal thiophosphite as advanced electrocatalysts toward NRR.
Three-dimensional extended Lifshitz, Schrödinger and Newton-Hooke supergravity
Authors: Ozdemir Nese , Ozkan Mehmet , Zorba Utku 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We provide a systematic analysis of three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 extended Bargmann superalgebra and its Newton-Hooke, Lifshitz and Schrödinger extensions. These algebras admit invariant non-degenerate bi-linear forms which we utilized to construct corresponding Chern-Simons supergravity actions.
Positive geometry in the diagonal limit of the conformal bootstrap
Authors: Sen Kallol , Sinha Aninda , Zahed Ahmadullah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We consider the diagonal limit of the conformal bootstrap in arbitrary dimensions and investigate the question if physical theories are given in terms of cyclic polytopes. Recently, it has been pointed out that in d = 1, the geometric understanding of the boot- strap equations for unitary theories leads to cyclic polytopes for which the faces can all be written down and, in principle, the intersection between the unitarity polytope and the crossing plane can be systematically explored. We find that in higher dimensions, the natural structure that emerges, due to the inclusion of spin, is the weighted Minkowski sum of cyclic polytopes. While it can be explicitly shown that for physical theories, the weighted Minkowski sum of cyclic polytopes is not a cyclic polytope, it also turns out that in the large conformal dimension limit it is indeed a cyclic polytope. We write down several analytic formulae in this limit and show that remarkably, in many cases, this works out to be very good approximation even for O (1) conformal dimensions. Furthermore, we initiate a comparison between usual numerics obtained using linear programming and what arises from positive geometry considerations.
Relative importance of perceived physical and social neighborhood characteristics for depression: a machine learning approach
Authors: Helbich Marco , Hagenauer Julian , Roberts Hannah 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeThe physical and social neighborhood environments are increasingly recognized as determinants for depression. There is little evidence on combined effects of multiple neighborhood characteristics and their importance. Our aim was (1) to examine associations between depression severity and multiple perceived neighborhood environments; and (2) to assess their relative importance.MethodsCross-sectional data were drawn from a population-representative sample (N = 9435) from the Netherlands. Depression severity was screened with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and neighborhood perceptions were surveyed. Supervised machine learning models were employed to assess depression severity-perceived neighborhood environment associations.ResultsWe found indications that neighborhood social cohesion, pleasantness, and safety inversely correlate with PHQ-9 scores, while increasing perceived distance to green space and traffic were correlated positively. Perceived distance to blue space and urbanicity seemed uncorrelated. Young adults, low-income earners, low-educated, unemployed, and divorced persons were more likely to have higher PHQ-9 scores. Neighborhood characteristics appeared to be less important than personal attributes (e.g., age, marital and employment status). Results were robust across different ML models.ConclusionsThis study suggested that the perceived social environment plays, independent of socio-demographics, a role in depression severity. Contrasted with person-level and social neighborhood characteristics, the prominence of the physical neighborhood environment should not be overstated.