bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rise of China and Its Implications to Northeast Asia
Authors: Ting Wai 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The rise of China has aroused heated debates on whether the country would become the “revisionist” power in challenging the supreme position of the “status quo” power, the United States. This paper aims to examine whether the rise of China would, firstly, empower Beijing to solve the long-term crisis in the Korean Peninsula, and secondly, complicates the picture in solving the difficult historical and political issues in Sino-Japanese relations. It is argued that the increasing economic and military capabilities of China are not instrumental in fostering significant changes within North Korea and in monitoring the external behavior of its leaders. A more nationalistic China which lacks soft power also hinders a favorable solution to the challenges of Sino-Japanese relations.
Independence or Reunification? The Evolving PRC–Taiwan Relations
Authors: Wong Yiu Chung 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article attempts to examine the relationship between Taiwan, a de facto political entity, and the People’s Republic of China (Mainland China) since 1949, the landmark year when the then ruling party KMT (The Nationalist Party) was defeated by the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) in the Mainland. Essentially, the narrative is focused on the government policies by the two respective political entities. The PRC pledged to unify Taiwan again and subsequently its unification policies are delineated. A two-stage schema is proposed for the analysis, albeit the second stage can be further divided into three phases. As for Taiwan, a five-stage categorization is proposed. Moreover, three sets of factors influencing the cross-Strait relations would be discussed, namely the power dynamics within the PRC, internal development inside Taiwan and the role of the USA. Finally, the implications of the coming of Trump era are outlined.
Latgalian surnames as a source of research in dialectology and language contact studies
Authors: Stafecka Anna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article is focused on the analysis of surnames used in the eastern part of Latvia, i.e., Latgale, the history of which to a certain extent differs from other regions of Latvia. This is due to almost 300 years (1629–1917) of isolation from the territory inhabited by other ethnic Latvians, during which this region was under Polish and later Russian rule. During this 300-year-long separation, Latgale developed its own culture, a written tradition based on the local Latvian dialect, etc. The introduction of surnames for the Latvians of Latgale also differed from other regions. As Latgale is a multi-ethnic region, the system of surnames used there reflects not only the peculiarities of the local sub-dialects in vocabulary and semantics, but also contacts with other languages – Lithuanian, Estonian, Polish, Russian, Belarusian.This article is based on research results acquired within the framework of the project “Latvian surnames in archival materials. Latgale” directed by the Latvian Language Agency. Its main objective was to systematise Latgalian surnames registered in the 1935 census. The research data were summarised in a book “Latvian surnames in archival materials. Latgale”, compiled by historian Ilmārs Mežs. This book comprises about 4000 Latvian surnames from Latgale. Each surname is provided with statistical information and a description of its historical place of origin (sometimes even a particular village). Whenever possible, one or several versions of the meaning of each surname are given.
Competing norms of standard pronunciation. Phonetic analyses on the ‹-ig›-variation in Austria
Authors: Lanwermeyer Manuela , Fanta-Jende Johanna , Lenz Alexandra N. , Korecky-Kröll Katharina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on phonetic variation within the standard German language register of Austria. While the norm status and a high socio-symbolic value are attributed to certain lexical variants of standard language in Austria, the norm and usage status of characteristic phonetic properties remain unclear, due to lack of empirical analyses. By investigating the relation between standard language norms and “standard usage” (Gebrauchsstandard) in Austria, our study aims to close this research gap by using the example of unstressed ‹-ig›. The analyses are based on data gathered from 52 speakers from two generations, covering all Austrian dialect regions. Elicitation settings varied from strongly standardized tasks with a graphic or visual stimulus (reading aloud tasks, picture naming tasks) to translation tasks (translation from dialect into standard) with oral stimuli. The results demonstrate that although ‹-ig› is predominantly pronounced like [ɪk], (socio-)linguistic factors as phonetic context, part of speech, setting, gender and regional background influence the ‹-ig›-variation. In total, the data suggest that German speaking Austrians are situated in a conflict between transnationally diverging norms and intra-nationally varying model speakers of German.
Explicit presentation of an Iwasawa algebra: The case of pro-p Iwahori subgroup of SL
n
(ℤ
p
)
Authors: Ray Jishnu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Iwasawa algebras of compact p-adic Lie groups are completed group algebras with applications in number theory in studying class numbers of towers of number fields and representation theory of p-adic Lie groups. We previously determined an explicit presentation of the Iwasawa algebra for the first principal congruence kernel of Chevalley groups over

ℤ
p

{\mathbb{Z}_{p}}

which were uniform pro-p groups in the sense of Dixon, du Sautoy, Mann and Segal. In this paper,
for prime

p
>

n
+
1

{p>n+1}

, we determine the explicit presentation, in the form of generators and relations, of the Iwasawa algebra of the pro-p Iwahori subgroup of

GL
n

⁢

(

ℤ
p

)

{\mathrm{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{Z}_{p})}

which is not, in general, a uniform pro-p group.
Is Commodity Storage an Option for Enhancing Food Security in Developing Countries?
Authors: van Kooten G. Cornelis , Schmitz Andrew , Kennedy P. Lynn 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We revisit the underlying economics of commodity storage and its relation to food security by first clarifying the standard model used to analyze the economic efficiency and distributional effects of commodity storage programs. We find that producers prefer stabilization, although their incomes are more variable, while consumers are indifferent. However, numerical simulations indicate that physical stocks will build up inexorably over a sustained period or the government will need to raise prices continuously over a prolonged period. For the least developed countries facing fluctuating world prices, government should guarantee the price received by producers because, with price uncertainty, farmers could experience losses even under a ‘good’ weather outcome; this would guarantee the producer price, benefitting farmers, while allowing the consumer price to vary with the world price benefits consumers as they prefer price instability. In some cases, however, the government may wish to impose a price ceiling so that households living at or near subsistence can afford to buy grain – an argument based on the grounds of food security. Numerical simulations indicate that such a mixed-price policy increases the wellbeing of both consumers and producers. Physical storage is not a necessity.
Using Occupations to Evaluate the Employment Effects of the German Minimum Wage
Authors: Friedrich Martin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper evaluates the short to medium run employment effects of the 2015 introduction of a statutory minimum wage in Germany. The effect of the policy is recovered from variation in the bite of the minimum wage across occupations using a difference-in-differences estimator. The analysis reveals that the reform only had a small impact on employment and highlights the importance of regional effect heterogeneity. In East Germany, marginal employment decreased by about 18,000 jobs in the short run and 52,000 jobs in the medium run, respectively, due to the minimum wage. In West Germany, no negative employment effects are detectable, but regular employment increased temporarily because of the reform. The medium run estimates include the impact of the first marginal increase of the wage floor from €8.50 to €8.84 in 2017.
Block-exoticity of a family of exotic fusion systems
Authors: Serwene Patrick 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We prove that each exotic fusion system

ℱ

{\mathcal{F}}

on a Sylow p-subgroup of

G
2

⁢

(
p
)

{G_{2}(p)}

for an odd prime p with

𝒪
p

⁢

(
ℱ
)

=
1

{\mathcal{O}_{p}(\mathcal{F})=1}

is block-exotic.
This gives evidence for the conjecture that each exotic fusion system is block-exotic.
We prove two reduction theorems for block-realisable fusion systems.
The special linear group for nonassociative rings
Authors: Petyt Harry 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We extend to arbitrary rings a definition of the octonion special linear group due to Baez.
At the infinitesimal level, we get a Lie ring, which we describe over some large classes of rings, including all associative rings and all algebras over a field.
As a corollary, we compute all the groups Baez defined.
West Caucasian relative pronouns as resumptives
Authors: Lander Yury , Daniel Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn polysynthetic West Caucasian languages, the morphological verbal complex amounts to a clause with all kinds of participants cross-referenced by affixes. Relativization is performed by introducing a relative affix in the cross-reference slot that corresponds to the relativized participant. However, these languages display several crosslinguistically rare features of relativization. Firstly, while under the view of the verbal complex as a clause this affix appears to be a relative pronoun, it is an unusual relative pronoun because it remainsin situ. Secondly, relative affixes may appear several times in the same clause. Thirdly, relative pronouns are not expected to occur in languages with prenominal relative clauses. Fourthly, in the Circassian branch, relative pronouns are identical to reflexive pronouns. These features are explained by considering relative prefixes to be resumptive pronouns. This interpretation finds a parallel in the neighboring East Caucasian languages, where reflexive pronouns also show resumptive usages. Finally, since in some West Caucasian languages the relative affix is a morpheme with a dedicated relative function but still shows properties of a resumptive pronoun, our data suggest that the distinction between relative pronouns and resumptive pronouns may not be as clear as is usually assumed.
Connected domination game played on Cartesian products
Authors: Bujtás Csilla , Dokyeesun Pakanun , Iršič Vesna , Klavžar Sandi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The connected domination game on a graph G is played by Dominator and Staller according to the rules of the standard domination game with the additional requirement that at each stage of the game the selected vertices induce a connected subgraph of G. If Dominator starts the game and both players play optimally, then the number of vertices selected during the game is the connected game domination number of G. Here this invariant is studied on Cartesian product graphs. A general upper bound is proved and demonstrated to be sharp on Cartesian products of stars with paths or cycles. The connected game domination number is determined for Cartesian products of P3 with arbitrary paths or cycles, as well as for Cartesian products of an arbitrary graph with Kk for the cases when k is relatively large. A monotonicity theorem is proved for products with one complete factor. A sharp general lower bound on the connected game domination number of Cartesian products is also established.
A Bayesian approach for multi-stage models with linear time-dependent hazard rate
Authors: Pham Hoa , Pham Huong T. T. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Multi-stage models have been used to describe progression of individuals which develop through a sequence of discrete stages.
We focus on the multi-stage model in which the number of individuals in each stage is assessed through destructive samples for a sequence of sampling time.
Moreover, the stage duration distributions of the model are effected by a time-dependent hazard rate.
The multi-stage models become complex with a stage having time-dependent hazard rate.
The main aim of this paper is to derive analytically the approximation of the likelihood of the model.
We apply the approximation to the Metropolis–Hastings (MH) algorithm to estimate parameters for the model.
The method is demonstrated by applying to simulated data which combine non-hazard rate, stage-wise constant hazard rate and time-dependent hazard rates in stage duration distributions.
Crystal structure of N-(amino(pyrazin-2-yl)methylene)-6-methylpyridin-1-ium-3-carbohydrazonate-κ3
O,N,N′)-(dinitrato-κ1O)zinc(II), C12H12N8O7Zn
Authors: Yan Jin-Long 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
C12H12N8O7Zn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.2116(3) Å, b = 11.1926(4) Å, c = 17.3488(7) Å, β = 96.2450(10)°, V = 1585.05(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0263, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0722, T = 150(2) K.
The crystal structure of 5-(benzofuran-2-carbonyl)-N-cyclohexyl-5,6-dihydrophenanthridine-6-carboxamide, C29H26N2O3
Authors: Han Weiwei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
C29H26N2O3, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.6533(8) Å, b = 11.3185(9) Å, c = 11.4469(10) Å, α = 83.747(3)°, β = 85.810(2)°, γ = 71.445(2)°, V = 1177.65(17) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0464, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1621, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of (4-fluorobenzyl-κC)(bis(2-hydroxyethyl) carbamodithioato-κ2
S,S′)(2,2′-imino-diethanolato-κ3
N,O,O′)tin(IV), C16H25FN2O4S2Sn
Authors: Lee See Mun , Lo Kong Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
C16H25FN2O4S2Sn, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 11.2227(1) Å, b = 12.6793(1) Å, c = 13.8731(1) Å, β = 98.282(1)°, V = 1953.50(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0198, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0507, T = 100(2) K.
The limits of Mendeleev’s insight
Authors: Stewart Philip 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Between his initial proposal in February 1869 and his final table of November 1870, Mendeleev made radical improvements, linking his groups to highest oxidation states, clarifying the relationship of element and substance, and making detailed predictions of the properties of three missing elements. However, his inflexible belief in an alternating structure of rows of VII and VIII groups made it impossible for him to include the ‘rare earths’, and the relationship between the two rows of VII at the top confused the system. From 1873 onwards, other interests prevented him from thinking about his table, apart from accommodating the noble gases. His final table of 1906 shows no significant advance on that of 1870, and indeed, the top row contains absurd guesses about elements around hydrogen.
Late Neolithic multicomponent sites of the Tisza region and the emergence of centripetal settlement layouts
Authors: Hofmann Robert , Medović Aleksandar , Furholt Martin , Medović Ildiko , Pešterac Tijana Stanković , Dreibrodt Stefan , Martini Sarah , Hofmann Antonia 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungIn der Theiß-Region an der nördlichen Peripherie der südosteuropäischen Tellkulturen beobachten wir zwischen 5300 und 4450 v. u. Z. das Auftreten großer bevölkerungsreicher Siedlungen, die durch die Kombinationen unterschiedlicher Siedlungskomponenten, von Tells, Flachsiedlungen und Kreisgrabenanlagen gekennzeichnet sind. In diesem Beitrag ist die Entwicklung einer solchen Mehrkomponenten-Siedlung – Borđoš in der serbischen Vojvodina – rekonstruiert, basierend auf geophysikalischen Untersuchungen, Ausgrabungen, systematischen Oberflächenbegehungen und 14C-Datierungen. Zwischen 4850 und 4700 v. u. Z. wurde in Borđoš eine bereits länger existierende Tellsiedlung durch eine große Flachsiedlung ergänzt oder zeitweise ersetzt. Im Kontext ähnlicher Fundstellen aus dem Theiß-Gebiet und darüber hinaus interpretieren wir diese Dynamik als Ausdruck eines zeitweise verstärkten überregionalen Trends zu Bevölkerungsagglomeration zwischen etwa 4900 und 4700 v. u. Z. Hinsichtlich der Entwicklung von Tellsiedlungen und Flachsiedlungen zeichnen sich innerhalb des Theiß-Gebietes erhebliche regionale Unterschiede ab: Im südlichen Teil des Untersuchungsgebietes bilden Tells häufig die Keimzelle später wachsender komplexer Siedlungen. Dagegen stellen im Norden eher große Flachsiedlungen den Ausgangspunkt großer Siedlungen dar. Tells repräsentieren hier entweder räumliche Separierungen mit speziellen Funktionen oder stellen das Ergebnis einer länger andauernden Besiedlung in einem kleinen Teil der ursprünglichen Siedlungsfläche dar. Diese Größenreduzierung von Siedlungen oder teils ihre komplette Auflassung verstehen wir als Teil eines im Karpatenbecken und dem westlichen Balkan weiträumig sichtbaren Trends hin zu erheblich geringeren Bevölkerungsdichten und räumlich stärker verteilten Siedlungen, der nach 4700 v. u. Z. einsetzte.Aus Tells- und Flachsiedlungskomponenten bestehende Großsiedlungen der Theiß-Region zeichnen sich durch eine große Diversität hinsichtlich ihrer Größe und räumlichen Konfiguration aus. In Borđoš beobachten wir das Auftreten eines in der Region bisher unbekannten zentripetalen Siedlungslayouts, in dem die Häuser auf einen zentralen Platz im Zentrum der Siedlung ausgerichtet sind. Wir interpretieren die neuartige Siedlungskonfiguration als das Ergebnis des Zusammenschlusses einer im Hinblick auf kulturellen Hintergrund, Identitäten und Netzwerkeinbindung sehr heterogenen Bevölkerung. Demnach können wir die Gruppierung der Häuser um einen zentralen Platz als Ausdruck einer sozialen Organisation verstehen, die in stärkerem Maße als bei Siedlungen mit parallelen Hausreihen auf der Aushandlung kommunaler Belange beruhte.
Barrows in action. Late Neolithic and Middle Bronze Age Barrow Landscapes in the Upper Dniester Basin, Ukraine
Authors: Makarowicz P. , Niebieszczański J. , Cwaliński M. , Romaniszyn J. , Rud V. , Kochkin I. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of this article is to view the spatial distribution of Upper Dniester Basin’s (Western Ukraine) barrows and to interpret their location principles. These monuments were often situated on the flattened summits of watershed ridges or hills. It appeared also that some of them were located on upper parts of gentle slopes of not more than 8° of inclination. Mounds appear within linear and group-linear arrangements and were rarely observed as clusters, while more specific adjustments to their location were dependant on local terrain morphology. Barrow alignments run along the elevated ridges, while clustered groups were situated in places where erosive indentations or denudation cavities prevented barrows from stretching in a linear pattern. It can be noted that during the spatial development of barrow alignments, more attention was paid to the intervisibility between the mounds, than to their visibility from other places in the landscape. The potential of observing at least one of the following groups of tumuli from every embankment indicates the direction of movement within the framework of the barrow landscape, perhaps augmented in the past by the presence of paths or “roads”. Examples of analogous or similar, in a certain sense even universal, practices in shaping barrow landscapes were documented also from various parts of Eurasia. Therefore, it is argued these traits were shared by all “barrow societies” and their origins can be traced to the steppe zone. Specific and repeatable patterns of barrow arrangements are a manifestation of certain knowledge and skills, transmitted over generations and immortalized in the landscape that symbolized the incorporation of territory by “barrow societies”. Characteristic mound alignments became a cultural code or institution, as it were – an instrument of familiarising previously unknown landscapes, facilitating movement and simultaneously expressing continuity of kin-lineages.
Tourism and Terrorism: Economic impact of terrorist attacks on the tourism industry. The example of the destination of Paris
Authors: Schmude Jürgen , Karl Marion , Weber Florian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cities are popular destinations for international tourism that in recent years have increasingly become the target of terrorist attacks affecting the tourism industry. In this study, the economic damage caused by the terror attacks is calculated for the destination Paris, differentiated by sectors and source markets. For this purpose, the revenue shortfalls caused by the terrorist attacks of 2015 for the tourism industry in Paris are calculated. Taking into account the decreasing number of visitors, discounts granted by the accommodation sector as well as additional expenditures for marketing or loss of revenue by tourism service providers (e. g. in the transport sector), the shortfall of revenues in the tourism sector amounts to at least € 2 bn in the period 2015 to 2017.
Numerical Investigation of the Cooling Temperature of the InGaP/InGaAs/Ge Subcells Under the Concentrated Illumination
Authors: Djermane Kenza , Kadri Syham , Habbab Abdelhafid , Bourbaba Elhouaria 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe multijunction solar cells performances study is essential for the design of the high-concentration photovoltaic. These cells can operate over a wide range of the incident radiation flux and a large temperature range. These two parameters (concentration and temperature) degrade the cell and require a cooling system. In this article, we have studied numerically the cooling temperature of InGaP/lnGaAs/Ge subcells under the concentrated illumination. For this, we have presented the performance of each subcell as a function of the temperature and concentration sunlight. The different high concentrations ratios (1, 10, 100, and 1000 sun) have been conducted according to the dish-style concentration photovoltaic system for three temperature valuesT= 300, 500, and 800 K. The results show that under high concentrated light intensity conversion, the performances of these three subcells (efficiency, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and fill factor) were decreased with increasing the temperature. The main objective of this study is to find the limit temperature of each subcell in order to introduce the cooling system. Thus, we can avoid the degradation of the tandem solar cell under the concentrated illumination.
Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, XCVIa. Push-pull-substituierte 1,3,5-Hexatriene aus Orthoamiden von Alkincarbonsäuren und Birckenbach-analogen Acetophenonen
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Lehmann Hansjörg , Stieglitz Rüdiger , Frey Wolfgang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
From acetone and the orthoamide of phenylpropiolic acid (21b) N,N-dimethyl-phenylpropiolic acid amide (24) is formed. In contrast, the reaction of chloroacetone (28) with 21b results in the vinylogous guanidinium chloride 29. Unexpectedly, the Birckenbach-analogoue ethyl methyl ketone (34) reacts with the orthoamide 21b to give the push-pull-substituted butadiene 36. In contrast to this observation, the reaction of the Birckenbach-analogous acetophenones 30 with the orthoamides 21a
–
c delivers the push-pull-substituted 1,3,5-hexatrienes 31a
–
j.