bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full integration of geomorphological, geotechnical, A-DInSAR and damage data for detailed geometric-kinematic features of a slow-moving landslide in urban area
Authors: Peduto Dario , Santoro Mariantonia , Aceto Luigi , Borrelli Luigi , Gullà Giovanni 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe reconnaissance, mapping and analysis of kinematic features of slow-moving landslides evolving along medium-deep sliding surfaces in urban areas can be a difficult task due to the presence and interactions of/with anthropic structures/infrastructures and human activities that can conceal morphological signs of landslide activity. The paper presents an integrated approach to investigate the boundaries, type of movement, kinematics and interactions (in terms of damage severity distribution) with the built environment of a roto-translational slow-moving landslide affecting the historic centre of Lungro town (Calabria region, southern Italy). For this purpose, ancillary multi-source data (e.g. geological-geomorphological features and geotechnical properties of geomaterials), both conventional inclinometer monitoring and innovative non-invasive remote sensing (i.e. A-DInSAR) displacement data were jointly analyzed and interpreted to derive the A-DInSAR-geotechnical velocity (DGV) map of the landslide. This result was then cross-compared with detailed information available on the visible effects (i.e. crack pattern and width) on the exposed buildings along with possible conditioning factors to displacement evolution (i.e. remedial works, sub-services, etc.). The full integration of multi-source data available at the slope scale, by maximizing each contribution, provided a comprehensive outline of kinematic-geometric landslide features that were used to investigate the damage distribution and to detect, if any, anomalous locations of damage severity and relative possible causes. This knowledge can be used to manage landslide risk in the short term and, in particular, is propaedeutic to set up an advanced coupled geotechnical-structural model to simulate both the landslide displacements and the behavior of interacting buildings and, therefore, to implement appropriate risk mitigation strategies over medium/long period.
Pertussis (Keuchhusten)
Authors: Heininger Ulrich 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungPertussis wird durch das gramnegative Bakterium Bordetella pertussis verursacht. Die Krankheitsmanifestationen reichen von unspezifischem Husten bis zu lebensbedrohlichen Verläufen mit Hyperleukozytose und respiratorischer Insuffizienz, v.a. bei jungen Säuglingen. Die Diagnose basiert auf klinischer Symptomatik und mikrobiologischen Nachweisverfahren. Die Therapie besteht aus Makrolidantibiotika; bei Apnoen kann Koffein versucht werden. Die Inzidenz beträgt 10–40 Fälle/100.000 Bevölkerung und Jahr, bei Säuglingen ist sie am höchsten (ca. 50), gefolgt von Jugendlichen (30–35). Mehr als 50 % der in den ersten 5 Lebensmonaten an Pertussis erkrankten Kinder werden hospitalisiert. Die Impfprävention umfasst Grundimmunisierung und regelmäßige Auffrischimpfungen mit azellulären Impfstoffen. Um schwere Verläufe bei jungen Säuglingen zu verhindern, ist die Impfung schwangerer Frauen am erfolgversprechendsten. Säuglinge geimpfter Mütter sollen zeitgerecht ab dem Alter von 2 Monaten für den Eigenschutz immunisiert werden.
Techniques for In Vivo Measurement of Ligament and Tendon Strain: A Review
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Adam Naomi C. , Hosseini Nasab S. H. , Taylor William R. , Smith Colin R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe critical clinical and scientific insights achieved through knowledge ofin vivomusculoskeletal soft tissue strains has motivated the development of relevant measurement techniques. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the key findings, limitations, and clinical impacts of these techniques to quantify musculoskeletal soft tissue strains during dynamic movements. Current technologies generally leverage three techniques to quantifyin vivostrain patterns, including implantable strain sensors, virtual fibre elongation, and ultrasound. (1) Implantable strain sensors enable direct measurements of tissue strains with high accuracy and minimal artefact, but are highly invasive and current designs are not clinically viable. (2) The virtual fibre elongation method tracks the relative displacement of tissue attachments to measure strains in both deep and superficial tissues. However, the associated imaging techniques often require exposure to radiation, limit the activities that can be performed, and only quantify bone-to-bone tissue strains. (3) Ultrasound methods enable safe and non-invasive imaging of soft tissue deformation. However, ultrasound can only image superficial tissues, and measurements are confounded by out-of-plane tissue motion. Finally, allin vivostrain measurement methods are limited in their ability to establish the slack length of musculoskeletal soft tissue structures. Despite the many challenges and limitations of these measurement techniques, knowledge ofin vivosoft tissue strain has led to improved clinical treatments for many musculoskeletal pathologies including anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Achilles tendon repair, and total knee replacement. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of these measurement techniques and identifies the key features ofin vivostrain measurement that can facilitate innovative personalized sports medicine treatment.
Experimental seismic response of a resilient 3-storey post-tensioned timber framed building with dissipative braces
Authors: Di Cesare Antonio , Ponzo Felice Carlo , Lamarucciola Nicla , Nigro Domenico 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the increased number of multi-storey buildings in seismic areas, research efforts have been focused on developing earthquake resilient systems, such as low-damage techniques based on the combination of post-tensioning and dissipating devices. This paper describes the experimental study performed on a 3-storey post-tensioned timber framed (Pres-Lam) building equipped with energy dissipating systems. The testing project consisted of three phases adopting different configurations of the experimental model: (1) post-tensioning to beam-column joints only, (2) post-tensioning and dissipative rocking mechanisms and (3) post-tensioning and dissipative braces. The main objective of this paper is to experimentally investigate on the seismic response of a large-scale specimen with dissipative braces located in high seismic area, considering construction details similar to those adopted in practical applications. During the experimental campaign, the test frame was subjected to more than one hundred ground motions considering a set of seven spectra-compatible earthquakes at increasing intensity levels. The dissipating bracing system with external replaceable hysteretic dampers improves the seismic resilience of multi-storey Pres-Lam buildings, showing inter-storey drift comparable to those with rocking walls, with full recentring capability and without structural damages or post-tensioning losses through seismic tests.
The role of international case law in implementing the obligation not to cause significant harm
Authors: Tignino Mara , Bréthaut Christian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe no-harm principle is at the heart of the several international conventions focusing on the uses, allocation, management and protection of transboundary water resources. However, in the framework of these agreements, the meaning of “no-harm” remains rather vague. Through an analysis of six emblematic cases brought before the International Court of Justice and arbitration tribunals, we elucidate the various facets of this principle. In doing so, the paper identifies four facets. The first is characterized by concerns related to the protection of territorial integrity rather than those related to the protection of the environment. The second facet focuses on the principle of equitable and reasonable use of water, which testifies to the willingness to anticipate possible harms and to define conditions for cooperation between neighbouring countries. The third facet explores the use of three instruments and emphasizes their importance to clarify the very nature of harm: the conduct of environmental impact assessment, the consultation of local populations and the insurance of minimum environmental flows. The fourth facet develops a preventive perspective on harm by unravelling the duty to take appropriate measures to prevent and mitigate risks deriving from the obligations of notification and consultation.
Suidae Transition at the Miocene-Pliocene Boundary: a Reassessment of the Taxonomy and Chronology of Propotamochoerus provincialis
Authors: Iannucci Alessio , Cherin Marco , Sorbelli Leonardo , Sardella Raffaele 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Miocene-Pliocene (Turolian-Ruscinian) transition represents a fundamental interval in the evolution of Euro-Mediterranean paleocommunities. In fact, the paleoenvironmental changes connected with the end of the Messinian salinity crisis are reflected by a major renewal in mammal faunal assemblages. An important bioevent among terrestrial large mammals is the dispersal of the genusSus, which replaced all other suid species during the Pliocene. Despite its possible paleoecological and biochronological relevance, correlations based on this bioevent are undermined by the supposed persistence of the late surviving late MiocenePropotamochoerus provincialis. However, a recent revision of the type material of this species revealed an admixture with remains ofSus strozzii, an early Pleistocene (Middle Villafranchian to Epivillafranchian) suid, questioning both the diagnosis and chronological range ofP. provincialis. Here we review the late Miocene Suidae sample recovered from the Casino Basin (Tuscany, central Italy), whose taxonomic attribution has been controversial over the nearly 150 years since its discovery. Following a comparison with other Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene Eurasian species, the Casino Suidae are assigned toP. provincialisand the species diagnosis is emended. Moreover, it is recognized that all the late Miocene (Turolian) EuropeanPropotamochoerusmaterial belongs toP. provincialisand that there is no compelling evidence of the occurrence of this species beyond the Turolian-Ruscinian transition (MN13-MN14).
Clinician-Scientists in-and-between Research and Practice: How Social Identity Shapes Brokerage
Authors: de Groot Esther , Baggen Yvette , Moolenaar Nienke , Stevens Diede , van Tartwijk Jan , Damoiseaux Roger , Kluijtmans Manon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClinician-scientists (CSs) are vital in connecting the worlds of research and practice. Yet, there is little empirical insight into how CSs perceive and act upon their in-and-between position between these socio-culturally distinct worlds. To better understand and support CSs’ training and career development, this study aims to gain insight into CSs’ social identity and brokerage. The authors conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 17, purposively sampled, CSs to elicit information on their social identity and brokerage. The CSs differ in how they perceive their social identity. Some CSs described their social identity strongly as either a research or clinical identity (dominant research or clinical identity). Other CSs described combined research and clinical identities, which might sometimes be compartmentalised, intersected or merged (non-dominant-identity). In the types of brokerage that they employ, all CSs act as representatives. CSs with a non-dominant identity mostly act as liaison and show considerable variability in their repertoire, including representative and gatekeeper. CSs with a dominant identity have less diversity in their brokerage types. Those with a dominant research identity typically act as a gatekeeper. Combining lenses of social identity theory and brokerage types helps understand CSs who have a dual position in-and-between the worlds of clinical practice and research. Professional development programs should explicitly address CSs’ professional identities and subsequent desired brokerage. Research and policy should aim to clarify and leverage the position of CSs in-and-between research and practice.
The epistemic demands of friendship: friendship as inherently knowledge-involving
Authors: Mason Cathy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany recent philosophers have been tempted by epistemic partialism. They hold that epistemic norms and those of friendship constitutively conflict. In this paper, I suggest that underpinning this claim is the assumption that friendship is not an epistemically rich state, an assumption that even opponents of epistemic partiality have not questioned. I argue that there is good reason to question this assumption, and instead regard friendship as essentially involving knowledge of the other. If we accept this account of friendship, the possibility of epistemic partialism does not arise.
Real-time measurement of adenosine and ATP release in the central nervous system
Authors: Dale Nicholas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis brief review recounts how, stimulated by the work of Geoff Burnstock, I developed biosensors that allowed direct real-time measurement of ATP and adenosine during neural function. The initial impetus to create an adenosine biosensor came from trying to understand how ATP and adenosine-modulated motor pattern generation in the frog embryo spinal cord. Early biosensor measurements demonstrated slow accumulation of adenosine during motor activity. Subsequent application of these biosensors characterized real-time release of adenosine in in vitro models of brain ischaemia, and this line of work has recently led to clinical measurements of whole blood purine levels in patients undergoing carotid artery surgery or stroke. In parallel, the wish to understand the role of ATP signalling in the chemosensory regulation of breathing stimulated the development of ATP biosensors. This revealed that release of ATP from the chemosensory areas of the medulla oblongata preceded adaptive changes in breathing, triggered adaptive changes in breathing via activation of P2 receptors, and ultimately led to the discovery of connexin26 as a channel that mediates CO2-gated release of ATP from cells.
Modeling maladaptation in the inequality–environment nexus
Authors: Antoci Angelo , Russu Paolo , Ticci Elisa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdaptation against environmental degradation has the potential to generate further environmental pressures. Does this aspect of adaptation affect the inequality–environment link? To answer this question, we develop a one-sector and one-input model which integrates threats to social and environmental sustainability posed by feedback effects of agents’ adaptation strategies. We distinguish between income inequality and welfare inequality with the latter depending on environmental quality, leisure time, income level and allocation of income to consumption or adaptation. Despite its parsimony, the model describes the conditions for the existence of different inequality–environment dynamic regimes. The model confirms the standard view that environmental degradation exacerbates welfare inequality, but it also produces non-trivial and surprising insights. It illustrates that income inequality affects the type of dynamic regime followed by the economy. High-income economies and economies with high-income inequality are most at risk of following a pattern of maladaptive growth with increasing welfare inequality and environmental pressure.
Pediatric Trauma and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A 12-Year Comparison in a Level-1 Trauma Center
Authors: Sheridan Gerard A. , Nagle Matthew , Russell Shane , Varghese Stanly , O'Loughlin Padhraig F. , Boran Sinead , Taylor Colm , Harty James A. 
Published: October 2020

Background The effect of COVID-19 on pediatric trauma rates is still largely under investigation. With the potential need to reallocate human and financial resources at this challenging time, it will be useful to have detailed descriptions of the rates of pediatric trauma and understanding of how the pandemic affects these rates. Questions/Purposes We sought to describe the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of acute pediatric trauma admissions and procedures performed in a level-I trauma center in Cork University Hospital, Ireland. Methods We compared the number of acute traumatic pediatric admissions and procedures that occurred during the first 4 weeks of a nationwide lockdown due to COVID-19 with that of the same 4-week period in each of the preceding 11 years. Seasonal variables were measured and controlled for using multivariate regression analysis. Results A total of 545 pediatric patients (under 16 years of age) were included. Over 12 years, the lowest number of acute traumatic pediatric admissions and procedures was recorded during the 2020 pandemic. There was a significant correlation between the number of school days and the number of acute traumatic admissions, as well as the procedures performed. The relationship between the number of school days and the number of trauma procedures was evident even when controlling for confounder variables of seasonal variation. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced the number of acute traumatic pediatric admissions and procedures performed in our level-I trauma center, likely because of a reduction in school days. With the reopening of schools, playgrounds, and sporting events, an increase in pediatric trauma admissions is anticipated. The results of this study can help prepare institutions and regulatory bodies to plan appropriately for this new phase.
Hysterie und Hysterese. Die Asylmigration und der Erfolg der Alternative für Deutschland (AfD)
Authors: Klein Markus , Springer Frederik 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Zahl der in Deutschland gestellten Asylanträge ist in den Jahren 2015 und 2016 deutlich angestiegen. Dass die Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) von dieser Entwicklung politisch profitiert hat, ist weitgehend unbestritten. Ungeklärt ist allerdings, ob ein vorübergehender Anstieg der Zahl der Asylanträge die Wahlchancen der AfD nur kurzfristig (Hysterie-Hypothese) oder aber nachhaltig (Hysterese-Hypothese) erhöht. Die Erwartung einer nachhaltigen Wirkung wird damit begründet, dass ein Asylantrag letztlich den Zuzug einer asylsuchenden Person auf das Gebiet der Bundesrepublik indiziert und diese dort mit relativ hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit auch verbleibt. Die Hysterie- und die Hysterese-Hypothese werden auf der Grundlage von Zeitreihendaten für den Zeitraum April 2013 bis Dezember 2019 empirisch untersucht. Dabei bestätigen sich beide Hypothesen. Die AfD profitiert kurzfristig von einem Anstieg der Zahl der Asylanträge. Gleichzeitig ist die Unterstützung der AfD aber auch von der Zahl der aktuell in Deutschland befindlichen Schutzsuchenden abhängig. Der Effekt des Bestands an Schutzsuchenden ist dabei stärker als der Effekt der Zahl der Asylanträge.
Homogamy in Gender Role Attitudes Among Young Couples: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Hudde Ansgar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRomantic partners’ similarity in gender role attitudes affects important outcomes such as sharing of housework, relationship stability, or fertility. However, there is little knowledge about how similar romantic partners are in these attitudes. Using dyadic panel data from German couples (sourced from pairfam), this study puts the degree of homogamy in gender role attitudes among young couples into perspective by comparing real couples with two types of counterfactuals. To create these counterfactuals, I re-mate couples in two ways: (a) randomly and (b) in such a way that similarity in attitudes between partners is maximized. Real couples differ only slightly from randomly mated couples, which suggests rather weak attitudinal similarity. Using longitudinal information, I further test the mechanisms that determine the degree of homogamy: there is strong evidence for alignment over time and for lower rates of separation among homogamous couples, but no evidence for homogamy as a by-product of assortative mating on other variables. This paper offers methodological and substantial contributions to the literature: it presents a method for intuitive assessment of the degree of homogamy with multiple variables simultaneously. It also shows that in Germany, macro-level diversity in attitudes largely translates into dissimilar attitudes between partners—with important implications for relationship dynamics.
Inflammatory Cytokines and Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression. Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Sterpetti Antonio V 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurpose of the ReviewInflammatory cytokines play a major role in atherosclerotic plaque progression. This review summarizes the rationale for personalized anti-inflammatory therapy.Recent FindingsSystemic inflammatory parameters may be used to follow the clinical outcome in primary and secondary prevention. Medical therapy, both in patients with stable cardiovascular disease, or with acute events, may be tailored taking into consideration the level and course of systemic inflammatory mediators. There is significant space for improvement in primary prevention and in the treatment of patients who have suffered from severe cardiovascular events, paying attention to not only blood pressure and cholesterol levels but also including inflammatory parameters in our clinical analysis.SummaryThe potential exists to alter the course of atherosclerosis with anti-inflammatory drugs. With increased understanding of the specific mechanisms that regulate the relationship between inflammation and atherosclerosis, new, more effective and specific anti-inflammatory treatment may become available.
Regulating around freedom in the “forum internum”
Authors: Alegre Susie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRegulation of the digital space has, so far, focused on the rights to privacy and data protection or the right to freedom of expression. But the increased impact of digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI) on the way we think, feel and behave calls for a new perspective on regulation to protect our rights to freedom of thought and opinion in the “forum internum.” These rights are absolute rights and, as such, require a different and radical approach to regulation including the potential to ban the use of technology that interferes with our minds in any sphere. International and regional organisations like the Council of Europe and UN Special Rapporteurs are increasingly recognising the risks posed by technology for human agency and autonomy. There is an opportunity for Europe to take the lead in regulating digital technology to protect freedom of thought and the potential for innovation in the future. This requires a new approach that must embed the Precautionary Principle in technological research and development as well as the definition of practices that may never be permissible.
Endlich?!
Authors: Aner Kirsten , Löffler Eva Maria 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag blickt ausgehend von der Corona-Pandemie auf die Theorie Sozialer Arbeit als Menschenrechtsprofession und die Rahmenbedingungen der Sozialen Altenarbeit. Vorgeschlagen wird, sich nicht nur in der Arbeit mit Kindern und Jugendlichen, sondern auch in der Arbeit mit älteren Menschen an Janusz Korczaks Magna Charta Libertatis zu orientieren.