bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion tensor cardiovascular magnetic resonance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a comparison of motion-compensated spin echo and stimulated echo techniques
Authors: Khalique Zohya , Scott Andrew D. , Ferreira Pedro F. , Nielles-Vallespin Sonia , Firmin David N. , Pennell Dudley J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objectives
Diffusion tensor cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DT-CMR) interrogates myocardial microstructure. Two frequently used in vivo DT-CMR techniques are motion-compensated spin echo (M2-SE) and stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM). Whilst M2-SE is strain-insensitive and signal to noise ratio efficient, STEAM has a longer diffusion time and motion compensation is unnecessary. Here we compare STEAM and M2-SE DT-CMR in patients.

Materials and methods
Biphasic DT-CMR using STEAM and M2-SE, late gadolinium imaging and pre/post gadolinium T1-mapping were performed in a mid-ventricular short-axis slice, in ten hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients at 3 T.

Results
Adequate quality data were obtained from all STEAM, but only 7/10 (systole) and 4/10 (diastole) M2-SE acquisitions. Compared with STEAM, M2-SE yielded higher systolic mean diffusivity (MD) (p = 0.02) and lower fractional anisotropy (FA) (p = 0.02, systole). Compared with segments with neither hypertrophy nor late gadolinium, segments with both had lower systolic FA using M2-SE (p = 0.02) and trend toward higher MD (p = 0.1). The negative correlation between FA and extracellular volume fraction was stronger with STEAM than M2-SE (r2 = 0.29, p < 0.001 STEAM vs. r2 = 0.10, p = 0.003 M2-SE).

Discussion
In HCM, only STEAM reliably assesses biphasic myocardial microstructure. Higher MD and lower FA from M2-SE reflect the shorter diffusion times. Further work will relate DT-CMR parameters and microstructural changes in disease.
Wildlife Management, Species Injustice and Ecocide in the Anthropocene
Authors: Sollund Ragnhild 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNorway has been signatory to the Council of Europe’s Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (1979) (otherwise known as the “Bern Convention”) since 1986. Nevertheless, every year, Norwegian authorities authorize the killing of brown bears, lynx, wolves and wolverines, which are listed as strictly protected fauna species by the Bern Convention. Norway has a responsibility to protect these species and has several times been brought to court by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) for failure to satisfy their duties under this international legal instrument. This article discusses Norway’s large predator policy and its compliance with the Bern Convention through an analysis of court decisions and judicial reasoning from the perspective of species justice for nonhumans.
SIAS-miner: mining subjectively interesting attributed subgraphs
Authors: Bendimerad Anes , Mel Ahmad , Lijffijt Jefrey , Plantevit Marc , Robardet Céline , De Bie Tijl 
Published: November 2019

AbstractData clustering, local pattern mining, and community detection in graphs are three mature areas of data mining and machine learning. In recent years, attributed subgraph mining has emerged as a new powerful data mining task in the intersection of these areas. Given a graph and a set of attributes for each vertex, attributed subgraph mining aims to find cohesive subgraphs for which (some of) the attribute values have exceptional values. The principled integration of graph and attribute data poses two challenges: (1) the definition of a pattern syntax (the abstract form of patterns) that is intuitive and lends itself to efficient search, and (2) the formalization of the interestingness of such patterns. We propose an integrated solution to both of these challenges. The proposed pattern syntax improves upon prior work in being both highly flexible and intuitive. Plus, we define an effective and principled algorithm to enumerate patterns of this syntax. The proposed approach for quantifying interestingness of these patterns is rooted in information theory, and is able to account for background knowledge on the data. While prior work quantified the interestingness for the cohesion of the subgraph and for the exceptionality of its attributes separately, then combining these in a parameterized trade-off, we instead handle this trade-off implicitly in a principled, parameter-free manner. Empirical results confirm we can efficiently find highly interesting subgraphs.
A Stochastic Graphs Semantics for Conditionals
Authors: Wójtowicz Krzysztof , Wójtowicz Anna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe define a semantics for conditionals in terms of stochastic graphs which gives a straightforward and simple method of evaluating the probabilities of conditionals. It seems to be a good and useful method in the cases already discussed in the literature, and it can easily be extended to cover more complex situations. In particular, it allows us to describe several possible interpretations of the conditional (the global and the local interpretation, and generalizations of them) and to formalize some intuitively valid but formally incorrect considerations concerning the probabilities of conditionals under these two interpretations. It also yields a powerful method of handling more complex issues (such as nested conditionals). The stochastic graph semantics provides a satisfactory answer to Lewis’s arguments against the PC = CP principle, and defends important intuitions which connect the notion of probability of a conditional with the (standard) notion of conditional probability. It also illustrates the general problem of finding formal explications of philosophically important notions and applying mathematical methods in analyzing philosophical issues.
The Role of Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical Circuits in Language: Recurrent Circuits Revisited
Authors: Crosson Bruce 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBased on a review of recent literature, a recurrent circuit model describes how cortico-thalamo-cortical and cortico-cortical circuitry supports word retrieval, auditory-verbal comprehension, and other language functions. Supporting data include cellular and layer-specific cortico-thalamic, thalamo-cortical, and cortico-cortical neuroanatomy and electrophysiology. The model posits that during word retrieval, higher order cortico-thalamo-cortical relays maintain stable representations of semantic information in feedforward processes at the semantic-lexical interface. These stable semantic representations are compared to emerging lexical solutions to represent the semantic construct to determine how well constructs are associated with each other. The resultant error signal allows cortico-cortical sculpting of activity between the semantic and lexical mechanisms until there is a good match between these two levels, at which time the lexical solution will be passed along to the cortical processor necessary for the next stage of word retrieval. Evidence is cited that high gamma activity is the neural signature for processing in the cortico-thalamo-cortical and cortico-cortical circuitry. Methods for testing hypotheses generated from this recurrent circuit model are discussed. Mathematical modeling may be a useful tool in exploring underlying properties of these circuits.
Children’s Encounters with Natural Selection During an Interactive Read Aloud
Authors: Frejd Johanna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that children as young as 5 years of age are able to form a basic understanding of evolution after listening to a storybook about natural selection. This study offers a semiotic exploration of children’s meaning making during an interactive read aloud of the same storybook by investigating what children focus on and negotiate during the read aloud. Video data from eight interactive read aloud sessions (N = 24 children) were analysed using a multimodal approach and contrasted with seven biological concepts intentionally described in the storybook. During the interactive reading, the children focused on all biological concepts at some point. However, apart from the biological concepts, the children also paid attention to other topics during the read aloud. These topics comprised Death, Change in behaviour, Realism, Babies, Milli bugs, and Aesthetics. Throughout the read aloud, a child-centric view of life influenced how the children made meaning about evolution. The findings highlight that through interactive reading, instructional storybooks also become a tool for discussing other aspects that children find important. Overall, the findings contribute with knowledge about the role of interactive read aloud as a pedagogical tool for introducing evolution in early childhood education.
Application of cellulose-based polymers in oil well cementing
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Irawan Sonny , Memon Khalil Rehman , Khan Javed 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCellulose-based polymers have been successfully used in many areas of petroleum engineering especially in enhanced oil recovery drilling fluid, fracturing and cementing. This paper presents the application of cellulose-based polymer in oil well cementing. These polymers work as multifunctional additive in cement slurry that reduce the quantity of additives and lessen the operational cost of cementing operation. The viscosity of cellulose polymers such as hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) has been determined at various temperatures to evaluate the thermal degradation. Moreover, polymers are incorporated in cement slurry to evaluate the properties and affect in cement slurry at 90 °C. The API properties like rheology, free water separation, fluid loss and compressive strength of slurries with and without polymer have been determined at 90 °C. The experimental results showed that the viscosity of HPMC polymer was enhanced at 90 °C than other cellulose-based polymers. The comparative and experimental analyses showed that the implementation of cellulose-based polymers improves the API properties of cement slurry at 90 °C. The increased viscosity of these polymers showed high rheology that was adjusted by adding dispersant which optimizes the rheology of slurry. Further, improved API properties, i.e., zero free water separation, none sedimentation, less than 50 ml/30 min fluid loss and high compressive strength, were obtained through HEC, CMC and HPMC polymer. It is concluded that cellulose-based polymers are efficient and effective in cement slurry that work as multifunctional additive and improve API properties and cement durability. The cellulose-based polymers work as multifunctional additive that reduces the quantity of other additives in cement slurry and ultimately reduces the operational cost of cementing operation. The comparative analysis of this study opens the window for petroleum industry for proper selection of cellulose-based polymer in designing of cement slurry.
Artificial neural network model for predicting the density of oil-based muds in high-temperature, high-pressure wells
Authors: Agwu Okorie E. , Akpabio Julius U. , Dosunmu Adewale 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, an artificial neural network model was developed to predict the downhole density of oil-based muds under high-temperature, high-pressure conditions. Six performance metrics, namely goodness of fit (R2), mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), sum of squares error (SSE) and root mean square error (RMSE), were used to assess the performance of the developed model. From the results, the model had an overall MSE of 0.000477 with an MAE of 0.017 and an R2 of 0.9999, MAPE of 0.127, RMSE of 0.022 and SSE of 0.056. All the model predictions were in excellent agreement with the measured results. Consequently, in assessing the generalization capability of the developed model for the oil-based mud, a new set of data that was not part of the training process of the model comprising 34 data points was used. In this regard, the model was able to predict 99% of the unfamiliar data with an MSE of 0.0159, MAE of 0.101, RMSE of 0.126, SSE of 0.54 and a MAPE of 0.7. In comparison with existing models, the ANN model developed in this study performed better. The sensitivity analysis performed shows that the initial mud density has the greatest impact on the final mud density downhole. This unique modelling technique and the model it evolved represents a huge step in the trajectory of achieving full automation of downhole mud density estimation. Furthermore, this method eliminates the need for surface measurement equipment, while at the same time, representing more accurately the downhole mud density at any given pressure and temperature.
Bivariate exponentiated discrete Weibull distribution: statistical properties, estimation, simulation and applications
Authors: El- Morshedy M. , Eliwa M. S. , El-Gohary A. , Khalil A. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a new bivariate discrete distribution is defined and studied in-detail, in the so-called the bivariate exponentiated discrete Weibull distribution. Several of its statistical properties including the joint cumulative distribution function, joint probability mass function, joint hazard rate function, joint moment generating function, mathematical expectation and reliability function for stress–strength model are derived. Its marginals are exponentiated discrete Weibull distributions. Hence, these marginals can be used to analyze the hazard rates in the discrete cases. The model parameters are estimated using the maximum likelihood method. Simulation study is performed to discuss the bias and mean square error of the estimators. Finally, two real data sets are analyzed to illustrate the flexibility of the proposed model.
You Are Only as Frail as Your Arteries: Prehabilitation of Elderly Surgical Patients
Authors: Durand Matthew J. , Beckert Angela K. , Peterson Carrie Y. , Ludwig Kirk A. , Ridolfi Timothy J. , Lauer Kathryn K. , Freed Julie K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To discuss the concept of prehabilitation for the elderly frail surgical patient as well as strategies to improve preoperative functional capacity and vascular function to decrease postoperative complications.

Recent Findings
Frailty is associated with poor surgical outcomes yet there is no consensus on how frailty should be measured or mitigated in the preoperative period. Prehabilitation, or improving functional capacity prior to surgery typically through exercise, has been shown to be an effective strategy to decrease preoperative frailty and improves surgical outcomes. Use of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) may serve as an alternative to exercise in this fragile patient population.

Summary
Prehabilitation programs using strategies targeted at improving vascular function may decrease frailty in the preoperative period and improve surgical outcomes in the elderly population.
Recent Progress and Approaches on Carbon-Free Energy from Water Splitting
Authors: Hossain Aslam , Sakthipandi K. , Atique Ullah A. K. M. , Roy Sanjay 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSunlight is the most abundant renewable energy resource, providing the earth with enough power that is capable of taking care of all of humanity’s desires—a hundred times over. However, as it is at times diffuse and intermittent, it raises issues concerning how best to reap this energy and store it for times when the Sun is not shining. With increasing population in the world and modern economic development, there will be an additional increase in energy demand. Devices that use daylight to separate water into individual chemical elements may well be the answer to this issue, as water splitting produces an ideal fuel. If such devices that generate fuel were to become widely adopted, they must be low in cost, both for supplying and operation. Therefore, it is essential to research for cheap technologies for water ripping. This review summarizes the progress made toward such development, the open challenges existing, and the approaches undertaken to generate carbon-free energy through water splitting.
Concerted Pair Motion Due to Double Hydrogen Bonding: The Formic Acid Dimer Case
Authors: Nejad Arman , Suhm Martin A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFormic acid dimer as the prototypical doubly hydrogen-bonded gas-phase species is discussed from the perspective of the three translational and the three rotational degrees of freedom which are lost when two formic acid molecules form a stable complex. The experimental characterisation of these strongly hindered translations and rotations is reviewed, as are attempts to describe the associated fundamental vibrations, their combinations, and their thermal shifts by different electronic structure calculations and vibrational models. A remarkable match is confirmed for the combination of a CCSD(T)-level harmonic treatment and an MP2-level anharmonic VPT2 correction. Qualitatively correct thermal shifts of the vibrational spectra can be obtained from classical molecular dynamics in CCSD(T)-quality force fields. A detailed analysis suggests that this agreement between experiment and composite theoretical treatment is not strongly affected by fortuitous error cancellation but fully converged variational treatments of the six pair or intermolecular modes and their overtones and combinations in this model system would be welcome.
The learning hospital: From theory to practice in a hospital infection prevention program
Authors: Hess Olivia C.R. , Srivastava Meha , Pryor Rachel , Patrick Amie , Cooper Kaila , Godbout Emily , Anderson Katie , Doll Michelle , Stevens Michael P. , Hemphill Robin , Edmond Michael , Wenzel Richard , Bearman Gonzalo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe learning hospital is distinguished by ceaseless evolution of erudition, enhancement, and implementation of clinical best practices. We describe a model for the learning hospital within the framework of a hospital infection prevention program and argue that a critical assessment of safety practices is possible without significant grant funding. We reviewed 121 peer-reviewed manuscripts published by the VCU Hospital Infection Prevention Program over 16 years. Publications included quasi-experimental studies, observational studies, surveys, interrupted time series analyses, and editorials. We summarized the articles based on their infection prevention focus, and we provide a brief summary of the findings. We also summarized the involvement of nonfaculty learners in these manuscripts as well as the contributions of grant funding. Despite the absence of significant grant funding, infection prevention programs can critically assess safety strategies under the learning hospital framework by leveraging a diverse collaboration of motivated nonfaculty learners. This model is a valuable adjunct to traditional grant-funded efforts in infection prevention science and is part of a successful horizontal infection control program.
Adapt retrieval rules and inhibit already-existing world knowledge: adjustment of world knowledge’s activation level in auditory sentence comprehension
Authors: LI QIANYU , CHEN XUQIAN , SU QIAONING , LIU SHUN , HUANG JIAN 
Published: November 2019

abstractWe tested whether the proportion of typical sentences in a series of auditory sentences would lead people to adjust the strength of activation of world knowledge (i.e., retrieval rules adaptation) during comprehension. This issue is important because it could help clarify how people efficiently integrate different memory information in cognitive processes. In two experiments, all task materials were presented to participants as a whole package, in which proportions of typical sentences, with typical final locations, varied under different conditions. In Experiment 1, the proportion of typical sentences was equal to the atypical ones (i.e., 50% typical vs. 50% atypical), whereas in Experiment 2, the proportion of typical sentences was not equal to the atypical ones (i.e., 75% typical vs. 25% atypical, and 25% typical vs. 75% atypical). Visual fixation on the critical area in a visual display before/while hearing the critical words was compared across conditions, and across-condition differences were used as an index of the adaptation of the retrieval rule in the activation of world knowledge. The findings indicated that the adaptation of retrieval rules occurs throughout the whole test package of sentence comprehension, and the strength of activation of world knowledge in sentence comprehension can be adjusted.
Effects of IDO1 and TDO2 inhibition on cognitive deficits and anxiety following LPS-induced neuroinflammation
Authors: Imbeault Sophie , Goiny Michel , Liu Xicong , Erhardt Sophie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjective:Sustained immune activation leads to cognitive dysfunctions, depression-, and anxiety-like behaviours in humans and rodents. It is modelled by administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to induce expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines that then activate indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. Here, we ask whether chronic IDO1 inhibition by 1-methyl-tryptophan (1-MT, added at 2 g/l in the drinking water) or chronic inhibition of tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase (TDO2), another enzyme capable of converting tryptophan to kynurenine, by 680C91 (15 mg/kgper os), can rescue LPS-induced (0.83-mg/kg intraperitoneally) anxiety and cognitive deficits. We also investigate the acute effects of 680C91 on serotonergic, dopaminergic, and kynurenine pathway metabolites.Methods:We examined LPS-induced deficits in trace fear conditioning and anxiety in the light–dark box and elevated plus maze (EPM) in group-housed C57Bl6/N mice. Kynurenine pathway metabolites and monoamine levels were measured via high-performance liquid chromatography.Results:Chronic blockade of IDO1 with 1-MT did not rescue cognitive deficits or abrogate the anxiogenic behaviour caused by LPS despite a decrease in the brain kynurenine:tryptophan ratio. However, 1-MT by itself demonstrated anxiolytic properties in the EPM. Acute and chronic inhibition of TDO2 elevated brain levels of tryptophan, while chronic inhibition of TDO2 was unsuccessful in rescuing cognitive deficits and abrogating the anxiety caused by LPS.Conclusions:In line with previous studies, we show that LPS administration induces anxiety and cognitive dysfunctions in mice that however were not reversed by chronic blockade of IDO1 or TDO2 at the doses used.