bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representations of adolescents on HIV/AIDS with a focus on sexuality and vulnerability to infections
Authors: Sousa M A , Oliveira P A , Lima M D O , Freitas M I F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The highest increase in AIDS cases in Brazil is among 15-24 years old. In the last eight years, there have been almost 30,000 new cases in this population group, which represents an average of 10 new cases per day. This chart highlights the importance of promoting health and prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and AIDS for this population group. The purpose of the present study is to understand representations of adolescents of both sexes on HIV/AIDS, focusing on sexuality and vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections.

Methods
This is a research with a qualitative approach based on the theory of Representations and included in the study 28 adolescents high school students of two state public schools. Data collection took place through open interviews, held individually at agreed times and locations between the researchers and the direction of the schools. The interviews were of the in-depth type, with a semi-structured script, containing questions that allowed the participant to narrate facts, express their points of view, value judgments, and evaluate actions and ways of thinking about sexuality, sexual health and risk of infection HIV and other STIs, yours and others.

Results
The data were interpreted based on the Structural Analysis of Narration, being grouped into two categories: Sexuality; Risks involved in sexual intercourse. This study highlighted the complexity that involves issues related to sexuality and adolescence, just as adolescents deal with the risks of becoming infected with an STI. There are differences between representations of sexual relations for adolescent females and males.

Conclusions
The representations of adolescents about sexuality and about HIV/AIDS prevention are structured more in their exchanges and experiences in the social space, with colleagues and friends, than in family institutions and in school. It is necessary that there be continuous actions and not only in specific periods.

Key messages
Understanding how adolescents experience sexuality can be the starting point for more effective health promotion actions for this population group. Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, there have been different ways of coping with this infection. Thus, it is important to know the representation of adolescents today about this theme.
Tuberculosis’ surveillance in a group of primary healthcare centres of Lisbon district
Authors: Gomes F A , Duarte S , Lopes D G , Moreira A , Pereira M B , Cunha I , Gil M M , Pinto C S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis (TB), a communicable disease, is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent and one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Its burden varies among different countries. In the 31 European Economic Area member states, in 2017, the TB notification rate was 10.7/100,000 population; in Portugal, this rate was 17.5/100,000 population and the majority of the notified cases occurred in two districts: Lisbon and Oporto. The aim of this study is to analyse TB's notifications in a group of primary healthcare centres of Loures-Odivelas (ACES LO), between 2015 and 2019.

Methods
An observational, descriptive, retrospective, quantitative study was performed. Data was collected in January 2020, from the National System of Epidemiological Surveillance Database. Variables included were: age, sex, TB's presentation, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, HIV testing. Descriptive analysis was performed for all variables.

Results
In ACES LO, notified cases of TB dropped 18.0% between 2015 and 2017, having since increased by 54.8% (n = 113), a notification rate of 32.3/100,000 population in 2019. The male to female ratio was 1.7 and the most affected age group was the 30-40 year old group (n = 25). Notified cases in children &lt;10 years old have increased from 0 in 2016 to 7 in 2019. Pulmonary TB was reported in 73.5% (n = 83) of the notified cases; in 56.6% (n = 64), antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that first-line treatment would be effective; HIV testing was positive in 10.6% (n = 12).

Conclusions
Surveillance is the first step towards taking action to control and eliminate TB. ACES LO has a high notification rate of TB, therefore effort should be made in order to reduce TB's incidence. More investigation should be performed in order to evaluate the possibility of reintroduction of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine to the general population, instead of only risk groups, as it happens in ACES LO since 2016.

Key messages
Surveillance is one of the ten essential Public Health operations, allowing us to measure and analyse health problems in a certain population. Tuberculosis’ incidence is still high in some populations; it is a critical issue to raise awareness about.
Determinants of neonatal, postneonatal and maternal mortality on models of primary health
Authors: Guerra A B , Guerra L M , Probst L F , Castro Gondinho B V , Bovi Ambrosano G M , Azevedo Melo E , Vilela Bulgareli J , Cortellazzi K L , Octaviani J V , Pereira A C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The state of São Paulo recorded a significant reduction in infant mortality, but the desired reduction in maternal mortality was not achieved. Knowledge of the factors with impact on these indicators would be of help in formulating public policies. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relations between socioeconomic and demographic factors, health care model and both infant mortality and maternal mortality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods
In this ecological study, data from national official open sources were used. Analyzed were 645 municipalities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. For each municipality, the infant mortality and maternal mortality rates were calculated for every 1000 live births, 2013. The association between these rates, socioeconomic variables, demographic models and the primary care organization model in the municipality were verified. We used the zero-inflated negative binomial model. Gross analysis was performed and then multiple regression models were estimated. For associations, we adopted “p” at 5%.

Results
The increase in the HDI of the city and proportion of Family Health Care Strategy implemented were significantly associated with the reduction in both infant mortality (neonatal + post-neonatal) and maternal mortality rates. In turn, the increase in birth and caesarean delivery rates were associated with the increase in infant and maternal mortality rates.

Conclusions
It was concluded that the Family Health Care Strategy model that contributed to the reduction in infant (neonatal + post-neonatal) and maternal mortality rates, and so did actors such as HDI and cesarean section. Thus, public health managers should prefer this model.

Key messages
Implementation of public policies with specific focus on attenuating these factors and making it possible to optimize resources, and not interrupting the FHS. Knowledge of the factors with impact on these indicators would be of help in formulating public policies.
Factors associated with car safety seats’ use
Authors: Sargsyan Z , Harutyunyan T , Sahakyan S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Road traffic injuries are the number one cause of death in children aged 5-14 years. The evidence shows that, if correctly installed and used, child restraints can reduce infants' death by approximately 70%, and deaths among children by up to 80%. In the absence of compulsory car safety seat (CSS) legislation in Armenia, parents play the decisive role in child passenger safety. This study aimed to investigate the practice of CSS-s among Armenian parents and to find the determinants of CSS use.

Methods
In 2018, the study team conducted a self-administered survey among parents of children 0-6 years old living in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia. Using two stage cluster sampling, 33 kindergartens were chosen as clusters by simple random sampling and from each cluster 10 parents received a questionnaire. The study team applied a multivariable logistic regression model using the backward elimination approach to finalize the independent predictors of CSS-s use.

Results
Overall, 263 parents returned completed questionnaires, of which 26.2% (69) were CSS users. The CSS non-users included those who did not have a CSS (163) or had a CSS but used it sometimes, seldom or never (31). The study results showed that the factors associated with the CSS-s use among Armenian parents in the adjusted analyses were age in children (OR = 0.61, p = 0.003), attitude score (OR = 1.53, p = 0.003), knowledge score (OR = 1.45, p = 0.011) regarding CSS-s, consistent driver's side seatbelt compliance (OR = 3.4, p = 0.005), and monthly expenditures (OR = 3.35, p = 0.024).

Conclusions
This study was the first exploration of Armenian parents' practice of CSS-s. Our findings might serve as a starting point for further research on proper use of CSS among Armenian parents not only in Yerevan, but across all regions of the country. The revealed predictors of parental CSS-s use might be used for the development of fruitful interventions to enhance the practice of CSS-s in Armenia.

Key messages
This was the first-time exploration of CSS-s practice and predictors of CSS-s use in Armenia, where there is no CSS law and parents play the sole role in child passenger safety. Educational interventions for children and their parents on the importance of age and size appropriate CSS-s usage will help increase CSS-s use among Armenian parents.
Equipping Religious Leaders as Family Planning Champions
Authors: Bormet M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Faith-based organizations and faith-based health facilities are crucial providers of healthcare. They help ensure religious leaders (RLs) are equipped with the proper information and training to address barriers and myths about family planning (FP). A low-literacy booklet was adapted from “Facts for Family Planning” that religious leaders could use to talk about FP with community members with lower levels of formal education. They also included Biblical passages, definitions and reasons why it is important for Christians to discuss these issues. The English version was translated into seven languages.
These guides have been shared with at least 1,000 faith leaders in Uganda and Kenya. Religious leaders in Uganda held 168 awareness-raising events and reached 4,335 people with this information and referred individuals to health facilities for further information about FP methods. These low-literacy booklets gave RLs the confidence to speak in churches, at weddings and markets, etc about this issue, partly due to their training and partly due to the confidence that these booklets were being distributed among RLs in multiple countries and languages. Taking the time to build a system to test translated materials is also important. CCIH worked with FHI360/APC to develop testing protocol, which was IRB approved. These materials were tested via Focus Groups and In-depth-Interviews and materials (we recommend translating all materials into the language being tested) are available for public use.
Ensuring mother-tongue language and education level appropriate materials are available for community-based programs is critical for community ownership and application of training. In addition, ensuring such materials are not just available for one project in one place is key for information sharing digitally for anyone to use and translate the English version into further languages.

Key messages
Demonstrate the capacity of religious leaders to break down barriers and myths about family planning in their communities. Being responsive to community needs via low-literacy materials in local languages.
Supplementation in pregnancy: determinants of the compliance with guidelines in Portugal, 2019
Authors: Ribeiro C , Silva D a , Pinto E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Folic acid (FA) and iodine supplementation in pregnancy are nutritional interventions recommended by the World Health Organization, which are widespread in Portugal. Since there isn`t available reimbursed medicine containing only 400µg of FA and the increasing evidence that excessive supplementation in FA can lead to adverse outcomes for mothers and their offspring, make interesting to assess the clinical practice. Therefore, it`s important to understand the actual adherence to FA and iodine supplementation in periconceptional period, as well as to identify its determinants.

Methods
Telephonic interviews (n = 140) were conducted with mothers enrolled in Primary Health Centers, recruited in their children's vaccination appointment (aged 0-6 months). Among the variables studied are sociodemographic, medical and obstetric history, diet and supplements used during pregnancy. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences® program.

Results
The prevalence of iodine and FA supplementation among mothers was high (98%). About 3/4 of the interviewees reported having planned their pregnancy, and of these, 1/4 did not have a preconception consultation. The first pregnancy consultation took place at 6-10 weeks, on average. FA supplementation has the greatest discrepancies with the guidelines: only 29% (n = 40) started at the recommended time, 3% (n = 4) stopped at 12 weeks of pregnancy, and only 33% (n = 34) had 400µg of FA. Fifty one percent of the mothers indicated that they were unaware that they should start supplementation before the interruption of the contraceptive method.

Conclusions
These results suggest the need for enhanced antenatal care and interventions that increase women's health literacy. Public Health strategies in order to increase preconception consultations are needed as well as a national joint effort towards the homogenization of clinical practices regarding the prescription of supplementation in pregnancy.

Key messages
Folic acid (FA) and iodine supplementation in pregnancy are widespread practices in Portugal despite the fact that no available reimbursed medicine containing the recommended 400 µg of FA is available. Antenatal care and women's health literacy should be improved in order to comply with the recommendations, as well as the availability of a reimbursed medicine containing 400µg of folic acid.
10 years evolution of induced abortion practice in Paris region
Authors: Matulonga Diakiese B , Menguy C , Desplanques L , Féron V , Grémy I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In France, induced abortion (IA) has first been authorized in 1975. To improve access to abortion care services, several legislative reforms have been adopted with the most recent consisted of removal of the mandatory cooling off period before abortion, reimbursement of all expense related to abortion and approval for midwives to perform medical abortion. All these changes could affect practice of IA. The objective of the present research was to describe the evolution of abortion practices in Paris region from 2007 to 2017

Methods
Exhaustive data from Paris region healthcare insurance system was use to account for all abortions performed among women living in this region

Results
More than 50,000 abortions are performed in Paris region each year, which represents over one-quarter of national IA. This number decreased from 58,319 in 2007 to 52,080 in 2017 and the abortion rate has decreased over the past decade (19 IA per 1000 reproductive age women in 2007 and 17‰ in 2017). However, there was found territorial disparity with higher rate of abortion in the lower incomes municipalities (22‰ in the poorer Paris region municipality in 2017). This rate remained higher among women aged 18-34 (27.8‰ in 2007 vs 24.6‰ in 20017). Abortion methods have shifted over the years, with increase of medical abortion (47% in 2007 vs 67% in 2017) and decrease of surgical abortion. The analyses have also shown that the average gestational age at the time of abortion decreased with 65% of abortion performed before 9 weeks of amenorrhea in 2007 and 80% in 2017. There rate of abortion performed by liberal practitioners increased from 15% in 2007 to 33% in 2017

Conclusions
The measures such as removing the mandatory cooling-off period, increasing number of medical professional involved in abortion have improved access to abortion care services result in much early IA and higher rate of medical abortion. Improved access to contraception might partly explain the decline in IA rate over time

Key messages
Legislative reforms such as removing the mandatory cooling-off period have improved access to abortion care services. In this last decade, abortion among Paris women are performed much early and there are increasing number of medical professional involved in abortion.
Demographic echoes of the maternity data in the Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia
Authors: Marasovic Šušnjara I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The demographic situation in the Split-Dalmatia County (SDC) is characterized by negative trends in the new millennium. Such a demographic picture entails many societal challenges. Considering the far-reaching consequences of population decline, the goal is to show what maternity data have been like in the SDC in the last decade.

Methods
Individual birth reports from health institutions in the SDC were used in the presentation of the maternity data. Demographic indicators were calculated based on data from the Croatian Bureau of Statistics.

Results
In 2018, in the SDC were reported 4,438 deliveries (13% less vs 2009; 5,103 deliveries) with a total of 4,577 children delivered, whereof 4,561 were live births and 16 were stillbirths. From a total of 4,516 live births, 13 live-born neonates died during the first week of their life. Most of women in labor (89%) were residents of the SDC. The average age of the new mothers was 28.9 years (in 2009; 26.9 years). Childbirth was most frequently recorded in the maternal age group 30 -34 (1,556 deliveries, i.e. 110,9/1,000 women of said age group; 92/1,000 in 2009). Among childbearing women with known data on earlier deliveries (4,431), 2,029 or 45.8% had their first deliveries, 1,549 or 35% had their second deliveries, 808 or 18% had their third or higher birth order deliveries. According to an estimate in 2018, 448,071 people lived in the SDC, less 1.5% from the last census (2011). The live birth rate was 9.5 /1,000 in 2018 (2009; 10.9/1,000). The total fertility rate was 1.53 in 2018 (2009; 1.6). The natural increase rate in 2018 was negative at -1.8 (-830 persons) (2009; 0.5 (250 persons)).

Conclusions
Depopulation, low birth rates and fertility, are the demographic reality of Split-Dalmatia County as well as Croatia, which requires adoption and implementation of various public policy measures that positively affect fertility to improve the demographic picture.

Key messages
Depopulation, low birth rates and fertility, are the demographic reality of Split-Dalmatia County as well as Croatia. Adoption and implementation of various public policy measures that positively affect fertility to improve the demographic picture are needed.
Thirty year trends in cardiovascular risk factors prevalence among Siberian adolescents (1989-2019)
Authors: Denisova D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Aim of the study was to assess trends of cardiovascular risk factors among Siberian adolescents during the last 30 years including period of Russian reforms (1989-2019).

Methods
Seven cross-sectional surveys of representative samples of school children aged 14-18 since 1989 (every 5 years) were carried out. Body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured. Self-reported smoking and physical activity rates were obtained. To define overweight the sex- and age-specific IOTF cutoffs for BMI were used. Hypertension (HT) and lipid disorders were revealed according to international criteria.

Results
Prevalence of high TC significantly decreased from 22 to 4% (p &lt; 0,01) in males and from 32 to 17% (p &lt; 0,05) in females. High LDL-C showed similar trends. Prevalence of low HDL-C was stable with some fluctuations. In the period of Russian reforms (1989-1999) the prevalence of overweight significantly decreased from 12% in boys and from 14% in girls in 1989 to 4% in 1999 (p &lt; 0,01). Since 2003 rapid increasing of overweight was observed. Trends of HT have shown double decreasing during the reform period and stabilization in the post-reform time. So, since 2003 discordant trends in HT and overweight were revealed. Physical activity was stably low in boys (49-55%) and girls (83-73%). Average weekly screen time doubled from 15 (2009) to 30 h/w (2019), p &lt; 0,05. Cigarette smoking rates in boys dramatically decreased from 45% (1989) to 3% (2019), in girls - from 19% to 5% (p &lt; 0,01). Smoking of electronic devices was registered in 2019: 6% among boys and 3% among girls.

Conclusions
Obtained data indicate on trends to reduction in CVD risk profile among Siberian adolescents during the period of Russian reforms. Discordant trends of HT and overweight were revealed.
The study was supported by RFBR grant 19-013-00800.

Key messages
Long time changes in cardiovascular risk profile among Siberian adolescents were registered. Against the background of a decrease in combustible smoking among adolescents, electronic smoking began to register.
Risk behaviors among adolescents participating youth movements - The role of social norms and support
Authors: Bord S , Tesler R , Mashiach M , Schor A , Harel-Fish Y 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Risk behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug use are prevalent among adolescents worldwide, and are a major concern due to their harmful effects. Scientific literature presents no agreement as to whether belonging to a youth movement is a risk factor or a protective factor for risk behaviors. The current analysis aimed at evaluating the role of participating in youth movements (i.e., protective or risk factor) in substance use among Israeli adolescents.

Methods
Based on the 2015 Health Behavior in School-aged Children Survey (HBSC), The current analysis included 2197 participants aged 16-18, who answered the questions addressing participating in youth movements and questions regarding their risk behaviors.

Results
Overall, 17% of respondents reported smoking cigarettes, 39% consuming alcohol, 14% getting drunk, and 6% using drugs in the past 30 days. Of those respondents, 27% were members or guides in youth movements. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that members of youth movements were significantly more at risk for drug use (OR = 3.54, 95%CI: 1.41, 8.90), and guiding was significantly associated with higher risk for alcohol consumption (OR = 1.90, 95%CI: 1.24, 2.91) and drunkenness (OR = 2.39, 95%CI: 1.50, 3.81) among 16-year-old respondents. No association was found between participation in youth movements and risk behaviors among 17-18year-olds. Family support was found to be a protective factor for cigarette smoking (OR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.72, 0.97) and drug use (OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.58, 0.86) among 16-year-olds. Social norms were associated with all four risk behaviors among all age groups, showing, as expected, that the greater the social pressure, the higher the risk for participation in risk behaviors.

Conclusions
Social and family influence play an important role in the prevention of risk behaviors among adolescents. Youth movement settings should be monitored to ensure they do not become a supportive environment for risk behaviors.

Key messages
Social and family influence are important in preventing risk behavior in adolescents. Youth movements should be monitored to ensure they do not become a supportive environment for risk behavior.