bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral Carbon Dots Mimicking Topoisomerase I To Mediate the Topological Rearrangement of Supercoiled DNA Enantioselectively
Authors: Li Feng , Li Shuai , Guo Xiaocui , Dong Yuhang , Yao Chi , Liu Yangping , Song Yuguang , Tan Xiaoli , Gao Lizeng , Yang Dayong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNanomaterials with enzyme‐mimetic activities are possible alternatives to natural enzymes. Mimicking enzymatic enantioselectivity remains a great challenge. Herein, we report that cysteine‐derived chiral carbon dots (CDs) can mimic topoisomerase I to mediate topological rearrangement of supercoiled DNA enantioselectively. d‐CDs can more effectively catalyze the topological transition of plasmid DNA from supercoiled to nicked open‐circular configuration than l‐CDs. Experiments suggest the underlying mechanism: d‐CDs intercalatively bind with DNA double helix more strongly than l‐CDs; the intercalative CDs can catalyze the production of hydroxyl radicals to cleave phosphate backbone in one strand of the double helix, leading to topological rearrangement of supercoiled DNA. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation show that the stronger affinity for hydrogen‐bond formation and hydrophobic interaction between d‐cysteine and DNA than that of l‐cysteine is the origin of enantioselectivity.
Study on self‐healing behavior of the layer‐by‐layer assembled polyethylenimine/poly(acrylic acid) film
Authors: Chen Hongxu , Cheng Fengmei , Chen Chao , Li Haidong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany studies have demonstrated that intrinsic self‐healing polyelectrolyte coatings can be fabricated by exponentially growing Layer‐by‐Layer (LbL) assembled polyelectrolyte multilayers. However, due to the lack of controlled self‐healing evaluation methods, the researches on self‐healing properties have remained at some simple qualitative characterization. In our study, a self‐healing branched polyethylenimine (bPEI)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) films is successfully prepared by LbL and a new systematical self‐healing evaluation method is developed. The cuts with controllable depth, width, and period can be easily fabricated on bPEI/PAA films through the colloidal lithography and photolithography. Colloidal lithography, as a facile, low‐cost, and versatile unconventional technique, can realize precise and repetitive fabrication of cuts at the same sample and in the same area, which will be beneficial to the systematic study and evaluate self‐healing behavior. The self‐healing behaviors on the different cuts are observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM results reveal that bPEI/PAA film could realize damage/healing process for multiple times at the same sample and in the same area. In addition, the self‐healing abilities of the LbL films are related to the damage number, depth, and width of cuts. With the increase of damage number, depth, and width of cuts, the loss of polyelectrolyte was also increased, which lead to the flow of remaining polyelectrolytes were not enough to heal the cuts. This work provides a new route to systematically characterize the self‐healing ability of bPEI/PAA films as well as other polyelectrolyte films.
Introducing four different branch structures in PET by reactive processing––A rheological investigation
Authors: Arayesh Hossein , Golshan Ebrahimi Nadereh , Khaledi Behnam , Khabazian Esfahani Masood 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChain extension/branching by reactive processing is a well‐known method to enhance the rheological properties of polymers. In this study, pyromellitic dianhydride, poly(glycolic acid), triglycidyl isocyanurate, and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether were used as chain extender/branching agents to produce branched Polyethylene terephthalate (PETs) with four different molecular structures. According to the linear rheological characterizations, the storage modulus and complex viscosity of modified PET samples enhanced significantly after branching. The shear viscosities of modified PET show a pronounced shear‐thinning behavior and a remarkable increase at low frequencies, which can be an indication of the existence of long‐chain branches (LCBs) in the molecular structure of polymer and broadening the molecular weight distribution. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were used to investigate the effect of branching agents on the chemical structure and thermal properties of PET, respectively. DSC results show that higher amounts of LCBs lead to lower melting and crystallization temperatures.
Recreational scuba diving in a groundwater ecosystem: Disturbance mechanisms, ecological impacts and stakeholder perceptions
Authors: Þorbjörnsson Jóhann Garðar , Ólafsdóttir Jónína Herdís , Kristjánsson Bjarni Kristófer , Chambers Catherine , Burns Georgette Leah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Ecological damage by scuba divers has been extensively studied in marine ecosystems, particularly coral reefs, whereas the impacts on freshwater environments such as groundwater springs is unknown. In the Silfra groundwater fissure in Iceland, a vast increase in diver entries has occurred during the last decade, prompting concerns over potential ecosystem impacts and visitor carrying capacity.
Here, a mixed‐method approach was used to assess the impacts of scuba diving in Silfra. (a) Divers were recorded under water to observe the mechanisms of diver‐related disturbances, (b) benthic material was collected along transects in Silfra and the undisturbed fissure Flosagjá to compare biofilm biomass and zoobenthic communities between and within fissures, and (c) the perceptions and experiences of stakeholders surrounding the dive tourism in Silfra were explored.
Underwater observations showed that 91.4% of the divers caused at least a single disturbance, resulting in biofilm detachments and/or sediment stirring. Diver fins caused the most frequent disturbances, predominantly through fin‐generated currents but also by directly contacting the substrate. Benthic biofilm biomass was lower in Silfra than Flosagjá and exhibited a negative correlation with dive‐use. Some disturbance‐tolerant zoobenthic groups exhibited moderate to strong correlations with dive‐use.
All stakeholders had negative perceptions towards increasing diver entries, but although entry limitation could improve tourism quality, disturbance might only minimally be reduced as springs like Silfra may be particularly sensitive.
Springs are characteristically stable and uniform environments that can be vulnerable to disturbance. Their use for scuba diving should be carefully managed through a holistic approach and an active collaboration between all stakeholders.
Aphid transmission of nanoviruses
Authors: Gaafar Yahya Z. A. , Ziebell Heiko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe genus Nanovirus consists of plant viruses that predominantly infect legumes leading to devastating crop losses. Nanoviruses are transmitted by various aphid species. The transmission occurs in a circulative nonpropagative manner. It was long suspected that a virus‐encoded helper factor would be needed for successful transmission by aphids. Recently, a helper factor was identified as the nanovirus‐encoded nuclear shuttle protein (NSP). The mode of action of NSP is currently unknown in contrast to helper factors from other plant viruses that, for example, facilitate binding of virus particles to receptors within the aphids' stylets. In this review, we are summarizing the current knowledge about nanovirus–aphid vector interactions.
Tuning the Interlayer Spacings in Dry Graphene Oxide Membranes via Ions
Authors: Liang Shanshan , Mu Liuhua , Chen Liang , Jiang Jie , Yang Yizhou , Fang Haiping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe show the experimental achievement of dry GO membranes with interlayer spacings in the range from 7.09 Å to 8.72 Å, tuned and fixed by salts. We found that the interlayer spacings were dominated by the anions or the groups with negative charges in between the GO membranes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the highly efficient tuning of the interlayer spacing in dry GO membranes is due to ion‐π interactions on the graphene sheets, together with the steric effects of anions in between the GO sheets. The findings are helpful for extending their potential applications including chemical sensors, nanomaterial devices preparation, chemical catalysis and synthesis, and gas separation.
A Six‐Minute Measure of Vocalizations in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Tenenbaum Elena J. , Carpenter Kimberly L.H. , Sabatos‐DeVito Maura , Hashemi Jordan , Vermeer Saritha , Sapiro Guillermo , Dawson Geraldine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo improve early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we need objective, reliable, and accessible measures. To that end, a previous study demonstrated that a tablet‐based application (app) that assessed several autism risk behaviors distinguished between toddlers with ASD and non‐ASD toddlers. Using vocal data collected during this study, we investigated whether vocalizations uttered during administration of this app can distinguish among toddlers aged 16–31 months with typical development (TD), language or developmental delay (DLD), and ASD. Participant's visual and vocal responses were recorded using the camera and microphone in a tablet while toddlers watched movies designed to elicit behaviors associated with risk for ASD. Vocalizations were then coded offline. Results showed that (a) children with ASD and DLD were less likely to produce words during app administration than TD participants; (b) the ratio of syllabic vocalizations to all vocalizations was higher among TD than ASD or DLD participants; and (c) the rates of nonsyllabic vocalizations were higher in the ASD group than in either the TD or DLD groups. Those producing more nonsyllabic vocalizations were 24 times more likely to be diagnosed with ASD. These results lend support to previous findings that early vocalizations might be useful in identifying risk for ASD in toddlers and demonstrate the feasibility of using a scalable tablet‐based app for assessing vocalizations in the context of a routine pediatric visit.Lay SummaryAlthough parents often report symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in infancy, we are not yet reliably diagnosing ASD until much later in development. A previous study tested a tablet‐based application (app) that recorded behaviors we know are associated with ASD to help identify children at risk for the disorder. Here we measured how children vocalize while they watched the movies presented on the tablet. Children with ASD were less likely to produce words, less likely to produce speechlike sounds, and more likely to produce atypical sounds while watching these movies. These measures, combined with other behaviors measured by the app, might help identify which children should be evaluated for ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1373–1382. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical characteristics and neonatal outcomes of liveborn newborns with hydrops fetalis treated in a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Emiroğlu Nuriye , Yılmaz Fatma Hilal , Keçeci Ramazan , Yücel Mehmet , Gültekin Nazlı Dilay , Altunhan Hüseyin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study was performed for examining the neonatal results and aetiological factors of neonates with hydrops fetalis (HF) and determining the factors affecting mortality.MethodsThe medical records of liveborn neonates with HF who were admitted to a tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Konya, Turkey, between 2013 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The demographic data, prenatal intervention, clinical findings, and results of the patients were recorded.ResultsA total of 32.6% of the 46 liveborn HF infants had immune HF (IHF), while 67.4% had nonimmune HF (NIHF); there was prenatal diagnoses in 39 (84.7%) cases. Cordocentesis and blood transfusion (n = 14; 30.4%) were the prenatal diagnosis and treatment interventions with the highest rate. A total of 16 patients (34.7%) received in utero interventional treatment. It was determined that the mean gestational age was not associated with mortality; moreover, birthweight (BW), Apgar score and the need for mechanical ventilation affected mortality.ConclusionThe prognosis changes according to different etiologies of HF. However, despite the developments in neonatal care, mortality is still high in HF infants.
TIGIT enhances CD4+ regulatory T‐cell response and mediates immune suppression in a murine ovarian cancer model
Authors: Chen Fengzhen , Xu Yanying , Chen Yulong , Shan Shu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is the fifth‐leading cause of cancer‐related death in women with a pathogenesis involving activation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). The T‐cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is a well‐known immune checkpoint molecule that inhibits T‐cell responses. However, the role of TIGIT in OC is not comprehensively understood. In this study, we revealed crucial functions of TIGIT in the development and progression of OC. ID8 cells were used to establish a murine OC model. TIGIT expression was increased in immune cells of OC mice, particularly in CD4+ Tregs. Anti‐TIGIT monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were used to block the function of TIGIT in OC mice, and we found that the anti‐TIGIT treatment reduced the proportion of CD4+ Tregs, but did not affect CD4+ and CD8+ T cells or natural killer cells. Splenic CD4+ Tregs from OC mice were isolated after the anti‐TIGIT treatment, and their functioning was examined. Inhibition of TIGIT lowered the degree of immunosuppression induced by CD4+ Tregs. A survival curve suggested that anti‐TIGIT treatment can improve the survival rate of OC in mice. We conclude that TIGIT enhanced CD4+ Tregs response and mediated immunosuppression in the OC model. Our data suggest that inhibition of TIGIT is a potential therapeutic target in OC patients.
Alternatives to custodial remand for women in the criminal justice system: A multi‐sector approach
Authors: Forrester Andrew , Hopkin Gareth , Bryant Linda , Slade Karen , Samele Chiara 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThroughout the world, women involved in criminal justice systems often present with substantial needs and vulnerabilities. Diverting vulnerable people away from prison is government policy in England and Wales, but full psychiatric and social assessments are expensive and hard to access. A screening and quick response initiative ‐ alternatives to custodial remand for women (ACRW) ‐ was implemented across three areas of London (West, South and East) to supplement existing court liaison and diversion services, to assess the feasibility of a supplementary custodial remand service as part of a women's specialist service pathway in the criminal justice system in England. Three mental health trusts and two voluntary sector providers offered this service enhancement – a screening and service link provision in three London boroughs between 2012 and 2014. We conducted a service evaluation using routinely collected service use record data. The service made 809 contacts, of whom 104 had contact on multiple occasions. Many were identified as at risk of self‐harm (46%) or had histories of hospital admission for mental disorder (36%), but few were referred either to the liaison and diversion service or specialist mental health services. The largest group of referrals was to women's community services outside the health service (e.g. counselling, domestic violence or sexual abuse services). 180 women had dependent children and 22 were pregnant, increasing the urgency to find non‐custodial alternatives. As well as confirming high levels of need amongst women entering the criminal justice system, this evaluation confirms the feasibility of working across sectors in this field, providing an extra layer of service that can complement existing liaison and diversion service provision. The service was responsive and most women using it were kept out of custody. Research is now required to understand the appropriateness of the referrals, the extent to which women follow them through and the impact on their mental health and desistance from offending.
Impact of combined baseline and postprocedural troponin values on clinical outcome following the MitraClip procedure
Authors: Tabata Noriaki , Weber Marcel , Sugiura Atsushi , Ishii Masanobu , Öztürk Can , Tsujita Kenichi , Sinning Jan‐Malte , Werner Nikos , Nickenig Georg 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of periprocedural troponin levels on clinical outcome following the MitraClip procedure.BackgroundCardiac troponin is known to be a predictive biomarker for various clinical outcomes; however, data about its predictive value in patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair are limited.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing the MitraClip procedure were enrolled. Serum cardiac troponin I concentrations were measured before and after the procedure, and the maximal value recorded within 72 hr after the procedure was used for the postprocedural values. The clinical outcome was all‐cause mortality within a 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsOut of 354 patients, 29 patients (8.2%) were deceased within 1 year. Patients who died had significantly higher baseline (0.05 [0.01–0.08] vs. 0.01 [0.01–0.03] ng/ml; p < .001) and postprocedural troponin I values (0.51 [0.30–1.42] vs. 0.20 [0.33–0.55] ng/ml; p = .005). A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with higher baseline troponin I values had a significantly worse prognosis than those with lower values (log‐rank p < .001), and similarly, 1‐year mortality was significantly higher in patients with higher postprocedural troponin I than those with lower levels (log‐rank p = .021). Moreover, the highest mortality rate was observed in patients with both elevated baseline and postprocedural troponin I values (log‐rank p = .001), which was found to be an independent predictor of mortality by multivariable analyses.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that combined baseline and postprocedural troponin measurements are useful for risk stratification of 1‐year mortality following the MitraClip procedure.
Considerations for cardiac catheterization laboratory procedures during the COVID‐19 pandemic perspectives from the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions Emerging Leader Mentorship (SCAI ELM) Members and Graduates
Authors: Szerlip Molly , Anwaruddin Saif , Aronow Herbert D. , Cohen Mauricio G. , Daniels Matthew J. , Dehghani Payam , Drachman Douglas E. , Elmariah Sammy , Feldman Dmitriy N. , Garcia Santiago , Giri Jay , Kaul Prashant , Kapur Navin K. , Kumbhani Dharam J. , Meraj Perwaiz M. , Morray Brian , Nayak Keshav R. , Parikh Sahil A. , Sakhuja Rahul , Schussler Jeffrey M. , Seto Arnold , Shah Binita , Swaminathan Rajesh V. , Zidar David A. , Naidu Srihari S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), is highly infectious, carries significant morbidity and mortality, and has rapidly resulted in strained health care system and hospital resources. In addition to patient‐related care concerns in infected individuals, focus must also relate to diminishing community spread, protection of staff, case selection, and concentration of resources. The current document based on available data and consensus opinion addresses appropriate catheterization laboratory preparedness for treating these patients, including procedure‐room readiness to minimize external contamination, safe donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) to eliminate risk to staff, and staffing algorithms to minimize exposure and maximize team availability. Case selection and management of both emergent and urgent procedures are discussed in detail, including procedures that may be safely deferred or performed bedside.
In Situ Monitoring of Particle Formation with Spectroscopic and Analytical Techniques Under Solvothermal Conditions
Authors: Embrechts Heidemarie , Hartmann Martin , Peukert Wolfgang , Distaso Monica 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe formation of multifunctional materials involves various simultaneous and closely entangled physicochemical processes including nucleation, growth, aggregation, and in some cases also growth by oriented aggregation. These elementary particle formation processes occur in broad size ranges from the molecular to micrometer level and time scales ranging from seconds to hours. This contribution demonstrates that the in situ monitoring of reaction mixtures and dispersions with several simultaneous analytical and spectroscopic techniques is an effective and widely applicable strategy to achieve an in‐depth understanding of the formation of complex particulate structures and to move towards the rational design of materials.
Effect of Catalyst Layer Hydrophobicity on Fe−N−C Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Liu Qingtao , Shui Jianglan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe hydrophobicity of the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) affects the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) by adjusting the water management of the catalyst layer, which has been extensively studied in Pt‐based catalysts. Here, the effect of the hydrophobicity of Fe−N−C CCL on the performance of the PEMFC is investigated. The hydrophobicity of the Fe−N−C CCL is tuned by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) by using three addition methods: 1) coat PTFE on Fe−N−C powder and heat‐treat; 2) mix PTFE emulsion with Fe−N−C ink and then brush the electrode; and 3) transfer a ground PTFE/Fe−N−C composite film onto the gas diffusion layer by the decal method. For each PTFE addition method, the optimized PTFE amount can increase the power density of Fe−C−N PEMFC by 15.1 %, 26.6 %, and 87.2 %, respectively. At the same time, it is found that enhanced hydrophobicity reduces the initial current decay rate of the Fe−N−C CCLs, but their residual current densities are close after a 50 h durability test at 0.5 V in a H2‐O2 PEMFC. It can be concluded that the hydrophobicity of the Fe−N−C CLL has a great influence on the power density of the fuel cell, but the influence on the long‐term durability of the fuel cell is negligible.
Chemometrics‐based vibrational spectroscopy for Juglandis semen extracts investigation
Authors: Radulescu Cristiana , Olteanu Radu Lucian , Stihi Claudia , Florescu Monica , Stirbescu Raluca Maria , Stanescu Sorina Geanina , Nicolescu Cristina Mihaela , Bumbac Marius 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, the chemical composition of Juglandis semen extracts obtained by different extraction solvents and methods were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The multivariate analyses, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of the FTIR and Raman spectral datasets, were performed to determine the differences in the chemical composition according to the solvent (e.g., mixture of water with alcohol, glycerole, and propylene glycol) and the extraction method (i.e., ultrasound‐assisted extraction, rapid pressurized extraction, and subcritical fluid extraction). The obtained results reveal that the J. semen extracts with water‐alcohol solvent have equivalent chemical composition. A well‐defined differentiation based on extraction method could not be highlighted. Based on FTIR data compilation, it can be observed that a first classification can be made based on the solvent, acidic or basic, used for extraction methods (except subcritical fluid extraction ‐ SFE, clustering is clearly assigned by the solvent). Multivariate analysis on FTIR and Raman spectral data was able to differentiate SFE extract as a unique cluster, which means HFC134a solvent allowed a specific extraction (from organic constituents' point of view) due to the selected conditions of extraction method.