bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-demographic changes in age at first marriage in Malawi: evidence from Malawi Demographic and Health Survey data, 1992–2016
Authors: Baruwa Ololade Julius , Amoateng Acheampong Yaw , Biney Elizabeth 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the social and demographic correlates of the trend in age at first marriage among women in Malawi, using Malawi Demographic and Health Survey data collected between 1992 and 2016. Employing Cox Proportional Hazard modelling, the results showed that the mean age at first marriage during the 18-year period remained constant at 17.4 years. Furthermore, across all the surveys, younger women married at an early age compared with their older counterparts. The results further showed that having no education, residing in the Northern region, working, belonging to the middle and rich wealth index categories, and belonging to Tumbuka, Lomwe, Yao, Ngoni and Amanganja/Anyanja ethnicities increased the risk of early marriage. The findings suggest that policies such as promoting access to education for women and enforcing the law that restricts the legal age at which a woman can marry (18 years) should be maintained and enforced in Malawi.
Informed choice in modern contraceptive method use: pattern and predictors among young women in India
Authors: Pradhan Manas Ranjan , Patel Surendra Kumar , Saraf Antim Alok 
Published: December 2019

AbstractResearch on informed choice in modern contraceptive method acceptance by young married women is pertinent in the broader context of individual freedom and reproductive rights, especially in countries where women continue to have limited control over their reproductive and contraceptive choices. This study in India asked: (1) is young married women’s acceptance of specific modern contraceptive methods an informed choice? and (2) what are the enablers and barriers to informed choice? The study used data for currently married women aged 15–24 (N= 20,752) from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) conducted in 2015–16. A Method Information Index (MII) was calculated as a measure of informed choice from the percentage of users who responded ‘yes’ to all three questions on: whether they were informed about methods other than the one they received, told about the method-specific side-effects, and advised what to do if they experienced side-effects. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the adjusted effect of factors associated with the MII separately for female sterilization, the intrauterine device and the oral contraceptive pill, and a combined MII including all three methods plus injectables. One-fifth of the study women used any modern contraceptive method at the time of survey, of which only 36% had fully informed choice. The likelihood of being informed about the methods was significantly higher among those using the oral contraceptive pill (OR: 1.75, CI 1.58–1.94), IUD (OR: 2.23, CI 1.97–2.52) and injectables (OR: 1.37, CI 0.97–1.94) compared with those who were sterilized. Informed choice varied by region and the socioeconomic profile of the users. Inadequately informed choice violates the reproductive rights of young women and might result in higher post-use health problems, discontinuation of and unmet need for contraceptives, unintended pregnancies, induced abortions and regret, adversely affecting women’s health. Training of health/family planning workers in India about the importance of reproductive rights is urgently required to enhance informed contraceptive choice and improve the health of young married women.
Dr. Eureka: a humanoid robot manipulation case study
Authors: Yu-Ren Lin , Galelli Christmann Guilherme Henrique , Grando Ricardo Bedin , Da Silva Guerra Rodrigo , Baltes Jacky 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To this day, manipulation still stands as one of the hardest challenges in robotics. In this work, we examine the board game Dr. Eureka as a benchmark to encourage further development in the field. The game consists of a race to solve a manipulation puzzle: reordering colored balls in transparent tubes, in which the solution requires planning, dexterity and agility. In this work, we present a robot (Tactical Hazardous Operations Robot 3) that can solve this problem, nicely integrating several classical and state-of-the-art techniques. We represent the puzzle states as graph and solve it as a shortest path problem, in addition to applying computer vision combined with precise motions to perform the manipulation. In this paper, we also present a customized implementation of YOLO (called YOLO-Dr. Eureka) and we implement an original neural network (NN)-based incremental solution to the inverse kinematics problem. We show that this NN outperforms the inverse of the Jacobian method for large step sizes. Albeit requiring more computation per control cycle, the larger steps allow for much larger movements per cycle. To evaluate the experiment, we perform trials against a human using the same set of initial conditions.
Substantial Increases in Eastern Amazon and Cerrado Biomass Burning‐Sourced Tropospheric Ozone
Authors: Pope Richard J. , Arnold Stephen R. , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Reddington Carly L. S. , Butt Edward W. , Keslake Tim D. , Feng Wuhu , Latter Barry G. , Kerridge Brian J. , Siddans Richard , Rizzo Luciana , Artaxo Paulo , Sadiq Mehliyar , Tai Amos P. K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe decline in Amazonian deforestation rates and biomass burning activity (2001–2012) has been shown to reduce air pollutant emissions (e.g., aerosols) and improve regional air quality. However, in the Cerrado region (savannah grasslands in northeastern Brazil), satellite observations reveal increases in fire activity and tropospheric column nitrogen dioxide (an ozone precursor) during the burning season (August‐October, 2005–2016), which have partially offset these air quality benefits. Simulations from a 3‐D global chemistry transport model (CTM) capture this increase in NO2 with a surface increase of ~1 ppbv per decade. As there are limited long‐term observational tropospheric ozone records, we utilize the well‐evaluated CTM to investigate changes in ozone. Here, the CTM suggests that Cerrado region surface ozone is increasing by ~10 ppbv per decade. If left unmitigated, these positive fire‐sourced ozone trends will substantially increase the regional health risks and impacts from expected future enhancements in South American biomass burning activity under climate change.
Earthquake Depth Phase Extraction With P Wave Autocorrelation Provides Insight Into Mechanisms of Intermediate‐Depth Earthquakes
Authors: Fang Hongjian , van der Hilst Robert D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConstraining the mechanism of earthquakes in subduction zones requires adequate estimates of source location and near‐source elastic properties. In this study, we propose a
wave autocorrelation‐based method to extract depth phase energy from teleseismic earthquakes with moment magnitude down to 4.0. We apply the method to improve location estimates of intermediate‐depth earthquakes in the Japan and northern Chile subduction zones, which represent so‐called cold and warm slabs, respectively, and which are both marked by double seismic zones. A positive correlation of slab age and double‐seismic‐zone width validates a thermally controlled model of slab morphology. The negative to normal differential times (and, thus, low or normal Vp/Vs) of the deep parts of the double seismic zones suggest that the intermediate‐depth earthquakes considered here are not due to dehydration.
Variability of Millennial‐Scale Trends in the Geomagnetic Axial Dipole
Authors: Buffett B. , Davis W. , Avery M. S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe historical trend in the axial dipole is sufficient to reverse the field in less than 2 kyr. Assessing the prospect of an imminent polarity reversal depends on the probability of sustaining the historical trend for long enough to produce a reversal. We use a stochastic model to predict the variability of trends for arbitrary time windows. Our predictions agree well with the trends computed from paleomagnetic models. Applying these predictions to the historical record shows that the current trend is likely due to natural variability. Furthermore, an extrapolation of the current trend for the next 1 to 2 kyr is highly unlikely. Instead, we compute the trend and time window needed to reverse the field with a specified probability. We find that the dipole could reverse in the next 20 kyr with a probability of 2%.
A Third Generation Field‐Aligned Current Model
Authors: Edwards Thom R. , Weimer D. R. , Olsen Nils , Lühr Hermann , Tobiska W. K. , Anderson B. J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new empirical model of field‐aligned currents in the Earth's ionosphere has been developed. This model is derived using magnetometer data from the CHAallenging Minisatellite Payload, Ø rsted, and Swarm satellite missions, which has created a database that spans more than 15 years. These data have been associated with solar wind conditions using the Advanced Composition Explorer satellite, as well as the
,
,
, and
solar indices. With the wealth of data and associated driving conditions, this model has been developed to reproduce field‐aligned current maps of the ionosphere based on solar wind electric field, interplanetary magnetic field clock angle, dipole tilt angle, solar index, and geographic hemisphere. This model was constructed using a series of spherical cap harmonic analysis fits based on small selections of the overall database. The coefficients of these fits were then used to develop a model that would reproduce these coefficients based on the previously described driving conditions. One of the most notable improvements demonstrated by this model is the ability to show distinct current regions in the ionosphere, particularly with respect to Region 0 currents during northward
and highly positive or negative
.
Ultrathin perpendicular magnetic anisotropy CoFeB free layers for highly efficient, high speed writing in spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memory
Authors: Iwata-Harms Jodi M. , Jan Guenole , Serrano-Guisan Santiago , Thomas Luc , Liu Huanlong , Zhu Jian , Lee Yuan-Jen , Le Son , Tong Ru-Ying , Patel Sahil , Sundar Vignesh , Shen Dongna , Yang Yi , He Renren , Haq Jesmin , Teng Zhongjian , Lam Vinh , Liu Paul , Wang Yu-Jen , Zhong Tom , Fukuzawa Hideaki , Wang Po-Kang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPerpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) ferromagnetic CoFeB with dual MgO interfaces is an attractive material system for realizing magnetic memory applications that require highly efficient, high speed current-induced magnetic switching. Using this structure, a sub-nanometer CoFeB layer has the potential to simultaneously exhibit efficient, high speed switching in accordance with the conservation of spin angular momentum, and high thermal stability owing to the enhanced interfacial PMA that arises from the two CoFeB-MgO interfaces. However, the difficulty in attaining PMA in ultrathin CoFeB layers has imposed the use of thicker CoFeB layers which are incompatible with high speed requirements. In this work, we succeeded in depositing a functional CoFeB layer as thin as five monolayers between two MgO interfaces using magnetron sputtering. Remarkably, the insertion of Mg within the CoFeB gave rise to an ultrathin CoFeB layer with large anisotropy, high saturation magnetization, and good annealing stability to temperatures upwards of 400 °C. When combined with a low resistance-area product MgO tunnel barrier, ultrathin CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) demonstrate switching voltages below 500 mV at speeds as fast as 1 ns in 30 nm devices, thus opening a new realm of high speed and highly efficient nonvolatile memory applications.
Development of new microalgae-based sourdough “crostini”: functional effects of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) addition
Authors: Niccolai Alberto , Venturi Manuel , Galli Viola , Pini Niccolò , Rodolfi Liliana , Biondi Natascia , D’Ottavio Massimo , Batista Ana Paula , Raymundo Anabela , Granchi Lisa , Tredici Mario R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of Arthrospira platensis F&M-C256 (spirulina) incorporation on the nutritional and functional properties of “crostini”, a leavened bakery product largely consumed in Italy and Europe. Sourdough was used as leavening and fermentation agent and three concentrations of A. platensis F&M-C256 were tested: 2%, 6% and 10% (w/w). Despite a lower volume increase compared to the control, the A. platensis F&M-C256 “crostini” doughs reached a technological appropriate volume after fermentation. At the end of fermentation, no significant differences in microorganisms concentrations were observed. A. platensis F&M-C256 “crostini” showed higher protein content compared to the control. Considering the European Commission Regulation on nutritional claims, “crostini” incorporated with 6% and 10% biomass can be claimed to be a “source of protein”. Six and ten percent A. platensis “crostini” also presented significantly higher antioxidant capacity and phenolics. A significantly lower value of in vitro dry matter and protein digestibility between A. platensis F&M-C256 “crostini” and the control was found. The overall acceptability decreased with increasing A. platensis F&M-C256 addition. The combination of spirulina biomass addition and the sourdough technology led to the development of a novel microalgae-based bakery product with nutritional and functional features.
Cell adhesion to collagen promotes leukemia resistance to doxorubicin by reducing DNA damage through the inhibition of Rac1 activation
Authors: Naci Dalila , Berrazouane Sofiane , Barabé Frédéric , Aoudjit Fawzi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChemoresistance is a major hurdle in anti-cancer therapy. Growing evidence indicates that integrin-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrix plays a major role in chemoresistance. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We have previously shown that the collagen-binding integrin α2β1 promoted doxorubicin resistance in acute T cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In this study, we found that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines also express α2β1 integrin and collagen promoted their chemoresistance as well. Furthermore, we found that high levels of α2 integrin correlate with worse overall survival in AML. Our results showed that doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in leukemic cells is associated with activation of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and that collagen inhibited this pathway. The protective effect of collagen is associated with the inhibition of Rac1-induced DNA damage as evaluated by the comet assay and the phosphorylated levels of histone H2AX (γ-H2AX). Together these results show that by inhibiting pro-apoptotic Rac1, α2β1 integrin can be a major pathway protecting leukemic cells from genotoxic agents and may thus represent an important therapeutic target in anti-cancer treatment.
Adolescent Students Who Stutter: A Qualitative Exploration of School Experiences
Authors: Cobb Tiffany R. , Daniels Derek E. , Panico James 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore the ways in which adolescent students who stutter perceive their school experiences.

Method
This study used a qualitative, phenomenological research design. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 7 adolescent students who stutter (3 in middle school and 4 in high school). Participants were interviewed about their school experiences, including the effects of stuttering on academics, learning, teacher relationships, peer relationships, speech therapy experiences, and self-image. Data analysis consisted of transcribing interviews and analyzing them for emerging themes.

Results
Findings revealed that participants described a variety of experiences around the school setting. Participants reported less favorable middle school experiences. Middle school participants reflected more on teasing, bullying, and feelings of embarrassment, whereas high school participants revealed that teachers, staff, and peers were receptive and accepting of them and their stuttering. All participants reported that their speech therapy helped with classroom participation.

Conclusions
As a result of the participants' varied experiences, it is important to listen to and incorporate the voices of students who stutter into school, classroom, and therapy decision-making practices.
Vom Regen in die Traufe?
Authors: Grohnert Ursula 
Published: December 2019

SummaryEine Hysterektomie, die Entfernung der Gebärmutter, ist auf verschiedene Weise möglich und wird meist aufgrund gutartiger Tumoren oder schwerwiegender Menstruationsbeschwerden durchgeführt. Über myofasziale Ketten wirkt sich eine OP-bedingte reduzierte Motilität der Beckenstrukturen auf den ganzen Körper bis hin zur Schädelbasis aus. Im Fallbespiel führte eine Hysterektomie zu verschiedenen Bewegungsblockaden einschließlich starken HWS- und Schulterschmerzen, die jedoch durch osteopathische Techniken in Verbindung mit Atemtherapie innerhalb weniger Termine gelöst werden konnten.
Fuß quält ISG
Authors: Núñez Karg Martin 
Published: December 2019

SummarySummary: Bei der Kompensation von Fehlstellungen der Körperstatik arbeiten Fuß und Kniegelenk zusammen. Als Folge der Kompensation können sie Dysfunktionen entwickeln, die wiederum zu Symptomen im Becken führen können. Für die Untersuchung von ISG-Beschwerden sind vor allem dynamische Bewegungstests wie die Gangbildanalyse, orthopädische Tests wie der Vorlauftest und passive Gelenktests wie die des Talus in verschiedene Richtungen entscheidend. Das vorliegende Fallbeispiel gibt neben der Diagnostik einen Ausblick auf die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten bei ISG-Beschwerden. Hier lassen sich Osteopathie und Chiropraktik zum Beispiel mit Injektionen und Schröpfmassagen etc. kombinieren.
Optimierte Shuntvenenreifung durch provisorisches ePTFE-Interponat
Authors: Krönung Gerhard 
Published: December 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Beachtung und der Einsatz der Dynamik und der Regeln des Remodelings der Shuntvenen und Shuntarterien liefern wesentliche Orientierungspunkte für eine erfolgreiche Shuntchirurgie.
Detektion und Differenzialdiagnose des ANV in der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Jahn Michael , Boss Kristina , Kribben Andreas 
Published: December 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas akute Nierenversagen (ANV) in der Intensivmedizin ist typischerweise die Folge einer schweren Minderperfusion der Nieren, welche nach Ereignissen wie Sepsis, Trauma oder großen Operationen auftritt. Davon abzugrenzen sind seltenere ANV-Formen wie Glomerulonephritiden, interstitielle Nephritiden oder thrombotische Mikroangiopathien, für die es spezifische Therapieoptionen gibt. Abhängig von der Komorbidität des Patienten, geht das Krankheitsbild zumeist mit multiplen Organdysfunktionen einher und zeigt komplikationsreiche Verläufe mit einer hohen Mortalität. Der Einsatz neuer Biomarker ermöglicht ein früheres und sensitiveres Erkennen einer Nierenfunktionsstörung und/oder einer Nierenschädigung. Für die ANV-Diagnose gilt jedoch weiterhin die etablierte Definition nach den KDIGO-Kriterien.
Telemonitoring bei Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Stegmann Clara , Hindricks Gerhard 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDurch Telemonitoring gelingt eine Erfassung, Übertragung und Analyse von Vitalparametern. Speziell bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz kann dadurch eine zeitnahe, leitliniengerechte Anpassung der Therapie erfolgen und einer eventuell notwendigen Hospitalisierung entgegengesteuert werden. Nach aktueller Studienlage ist neben einer signifikanten Reduktion der Letalität zudem eine Verbesserung der Lebensqualität bei diesen Patienten möglich. Telemonitoring kann des Weiteren bei immobilen Patienten oder in ländlichen Gebieten ein ergänzendes Verfahren zur optimalen Behandlung darstellen. Regelmäßige ärztliche Vorstellungen sollten auf diese Weise jedoch nicht ersetzt werden.
Ein Plädoyer für die Ernährungstherapie
Authors: Helmut Nussbaumer , Markus Braun , Braun Martin 
Published: December 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Perspektive, den insulinresistenten Typ-2-Diabetes in die Remission zu bringen und die Medikamentendosis deutlich zu senken bzw. die Arznei ganz abzusetzen (Ausnahme: ggf. Metformin), kann auf Betroffene stark motivierend wirken, ihr bisheriges Essverhalten zu ändern. Wo früher die Kohlenhydrat-Aufnahme-Empfehlung begann, nämlich bei 45 Energieprozent, wird aktuell zumeist ein Aufnahmestopp angeraten (26–45 Energieprozent). Durch diese Intervention gelingt eine kausale Behandlung hoher postprandialer Blutzuckerwerte. Allerdings gibt es auch Lebensumstände, wie Stress, Einsamkeit oder Depressionen, die eine Ernährungsintervention erschweren. Klienten erwarten in der Ernährungsberatung verschiedene Optionen, Entscheidungsfreiheit sowie Mitspracherecht und nicht, dass ihnen gesagt wird, was sie zu tun und zu lassen haben. Essempfehlungen für Menschen mit insulinresistentem Diabetes sollten von Expertinnen und Experten stammen, die auch reichlich Erfahrung in der ernährungsmedizinischen Betreuung dieser Zielgruppe vorweisen können. Veranlassen Sie Ihre Patienten selbst zu beurteilen, ob ihnen diese hier beschriebene Behandlungsoption der individuell angepassten Kohlenhydratreduktion guttut.
Arbeitsbedingte Beschwerden und Erkrankungen in der Physiotherapie
Authors: Stoll Sophie 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDas berufsbedingte Risiko von Physiotherapeuten für Arbeitsunfähigkeit und Berufskrankheit ist hoch. Die vorliegende Arbeit ermittelte die dafür ursächlichen arbeitsbedingten Beschwerden und Erkrankungen mithilfe eines Fragebogens und untersuchte diese anschließend in Bezug auf unterschiedliche personenbezogene Faktoren.Der Großteil der Physiotherapeuten leidet signifikant am häufigsten unter muskuloskelettalen Beschwerden. Die hauptsächlich betroffenen Regionen sind Hände und Finger. Als Hauptauslöser nannten die Befragten den häufigen Gebrauch von manuellen Techniken. Zudem scheinen muskuloskelettale Beschwerden in engem Zusammenhang mit psychosozialen Problemen zu stehen.Risikofaktoren für arbeitsbedingte Beschwerden und Erkrankungen sind Geschlecht, Fachbereich und physiotherapeutische Taktung.
Die westliche Schulmedizin ist eine von mehreren Perspektiven
Authors: Irnich Dominik 
Published: December 2019

SummaryTon Nicolai schloss 1972 sein Medizinstudium ab und arbeitetezunächst als Allgemeinarzt. Da er mit den Einschränkungender konventionellen Medizin unzufrieden war, beganner verschiedene Verfahren der Komplementär- undAlternativmedizin (CAM) zustudieren, darunter Homöopathie,Akupunktur, manuelle Therapie und Naturheilkunde,und praktizierte dann 35 Jahre lang als Arzt mitSchwerpunktHomöopathie.Nicolai war im Vorstand nationaler und internationaler Verbändetätig sowie Mitgründer des EuropäischenKomiteesfür Homöopathie (ECH), dessen Präsident er 12 Jahre war.In den letzten sechs Jahren war er Sprecher/KoordinatorvonEUROCAM, der europäischen Stiftung, die Patientenund Angehörige der Gesundheitsberufe (Ärzte, Tierärzteund Praktiker) im CAM-Sektorvertritt. Im September 2019wurde er zum Generalsekretär befördert.Nicolai ist Autor unzähliger Berichte und PositionspapiereundMitautor verschiedenster wissenschaftlicher Veröffentlichungen.Er erhielt mehrere Auszeichnungen für seineinternationale Arbeit undwurde im Auftrag der Königin derNiederlande Träger des Ordens von Oranien-Nassau.