bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs and Prescription Opioid–Related Outcomes in the United States
Authors: Puac-Polanco Victor , Chihuri Stanford , Fink David S , Cerdá Magdalena , Keyes Katherine M , Li Guohua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are a crucial component of federal and state governments’ response to the opioid epidemic. Evidence about the effectiveness of PDMPs in reducing prescription opioid–related adverse outcomes is mixed. We conducted a systematic review to examine whether PDMP implementation within the United States is associated with changes in 4 prescription opioid–related outcome domains: opioid prescribing behaviors, opioid diversion and supply, opioid-related morbidity and substance-use disorders, and opioid-related deaths. We searched for eligible publications in Embase, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. A total of 29 studies, published between 2009 and 2019, met the inclusion criteria. Of the 16 studies examining PDMPs and prescribing behaviors, 11 found that implementing PDMPs reduced prescribing behaviors. All 3 studies on opioid diversion and supply reported reductions in the examined outcomes. In the opioid-related morbidity and substance-use disorders domain, 7 of 8 studies found associations with prescription opioid–related outcomes. Four of 8 studies in the opioid-related deaths domain reported reduced mortality rates. Despite the mixed findings, emerging evidence supports that the implementation of state PDMPs reduces opioid prescriptions, opioid diversion and supply, and opioid-related morbidity and substance-use disorder outcomes. When PDMP characteristics were examined, mandatory access provisions were associated with reductions in prescribing behaviors, diversion outcomes, hospital admissions, substance-use disorders, and mortality rates. Inconsistencies in the evidence base across outcome domains are due to analytical approaches across studies and, to some extent, heterogeneities in PDMP policies implemented across states and over time.
Association of the global activity limitation indicator with specific measures of disability in adults aged below 65
Authors: Cabrero-García Julio , Juliá-Sanchis Rocío , Richart-Martínez Miguel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Summary health measures as the global activity limitation indicator (GALI) or self-rated health (SRH) allow to quantify and monitor the health of the population. The GALI is widely used in the European Union; however, evidence of its construct validity is still limited. We examine whether the GALI reflects disability in specific living contexts such as self-care, domestic life and work activity, whether it does so consistently across gender and age and its added value concerning SRH.

Methods
We used the subsample of adults aged 16–64 years (N = 15 934) from the 2009 European Health Interview Survey in Spain and analyzed the data with logistic regression models using the GALI and SRH as response variables.

Results
The GALI was strongly and significantly associated with the three measures of disability: self-care (OR = 22.8, 95% CI: 15.9–32.7), domestic life (OR = 16.3, 95% CI: 13.6–19.5) and work activity (e.g. impossibility to work: OR = 41.9, 95% CI: 30.3–57.8; prolonged sick leave: OR = 10.7, 95% CI: 9–12.7). There were significant interactions with age on all three disability measures and with the gender on one (domestic life), although they were small. SRH was also strongly associated with all three disability measures, but to a lesser extent than the GALI.

Conclusions
The GALI reflects well and better than SRH, disability in self-care, domestic life and work activity. It is unknown whether the GALI performs equally in other living contexts such as social relations and community life.
An Annotated Chromosome-Level Reference Genome of the Red-Eared Slider Turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans)
Authors: Brian Simison Warren , Parham James F , Papenfuss Theodore J , Lam Athena W , Henderson James B 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Among vertebrates, turtles have many unique characteristics providing biologists with opportunities to study novel evolutionary innovations and processes. We present here a high-quality, partially phased, and chromosome-level Red-Eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans, TSE) genome as a reference for future research on turtle and tetrapod evolution. This TSE assembly is 2.269 Gb in length, has one of the highest scaffold N50 and N90 values of any published turtle genome to date (N50 = 129.68 Mb and N90 = 19 Mb), and has a total of 28,415 annotated genes. We introduce synteny analyses using BUSCO single-copy orthologs, which reveal two chromosome fusion events accounting for differences in chromosome counts between emydids and other cryptodire turtles and reveal many fission/fusion events for birds, crocodiles, and snakes relative to TSE. This annotated chromosome-level genome will provide an important reference genome for future studies on turtle, vertebrate, and chromosome evolution.
Wavefield reconstruction for velocity–stress elastodynamic full-waveform inversion
Authors: Aaker Ole Edvard , Raknes Espen Birger , Pedersen Ørjan , Arntsen Børge 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARY
Gradient computations in full-waveform inversion (FWI) require calculating zero-lag cross-correlations of two wavefields propagating in opposite temporal directions. Lossless media permit accurate and efficient reconstruction of the incident field from recordings along a closed boundary, such that both wavefields propagate backwards in time. Reconstruction avoids storing wavefield states of the incident field to secondary storage, which is not feasible for many realistic inversion problems. We give particular attention to velocity–stress modelling schemes and propose a novel modification of a conventional reconstruction method derived from the elastodynamic Kirchhoff–Helmholtz integral. In contrast to the original formulation (in a previous related work), the proposed approach is well-suited for velocity–stress schemes. Numerical examples demonstrate accurate wavefield reconstruction in heterogeneous, elastic media. A practical example using 3-D elastic FWI demonstrates agreement with the reference solution.
Magmatic and tectonic segmentation of the intermediate-spreading Costa Rica Rift—a fine balance between magma supply rate, faulting and hydrothermal circulation
Authors: Robinson A H , Zhang L , Hobbs R W , Peirce C , Tong V C H 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARY
3-D tomographic modelling of wide-angle seismic data, recorded at the intermediate-spreading Costa Rica Rift, has revealed a P-wave seismic velocity anomaly low located beneath a small overlapping spreading centre that forms a non-transform discontinuity at the ridge axis. This low velocity zone displays a maximum velocity anomaly relative to the ‘background’ ridge axis crustal structure of ∼0.5 km s−1, has lateral dimensions of ∼10 × 5 km, and extends to depths ≥2.5 km below the seabed, placing it within layer 2 of the oceanic crust. We interpret these observations as representing increased fracturing under enhanced tectonic stress associated with the opening of the overlapping spreading centre, that results in higher upper crustal bulk porosity and permeability. Evidence for ongoing magmatic accretion at the Costa Rica Rift ridge axis takes the form of an axial magma lens beneath the western ridge segment, and observations of hydrothermal plume activity and microearthquakes support the presence of an active fluid circulation system. We propose that fracture pathways associated with the low velocity zone may provide the system through which hydrothermal fluids circulate. These fluids cause rapid cooling of the adjacent ridge axis and any magma accumulations which may be present. The Costa Rica Rift exists at a tipping point between episodic phases of magmatic and tectonically enhanced spreading. The characteristics inherited from each spreading mode have been preserved in the crustal morphology off-axis for the past 7 Myr. Using potential field data, we contextualize our seismic observations of the axial ridge structure at the whole segment scale, and find that the proposed balance between magmatic and tectonically dominated spreading processes observed off-axis may also be apparent along-axis, and that the current larger-scale magma supply system at the Costa Rica Rift may be relatively weak. Based on all available geophysical observations, we suggest a model for the inter-relationships between magmatism, faulting and fluid circulation at the Costa Rica Rift across a range of scales, which may also be influenced by large lithosphere scale structural and/or thermal heterogeneity.
Common variation at 16p11.2 is associated with glycosuria in pregnancy: findings from a genome-wide association study in European women
Authors: Lee Matthew A , McMahon George , Karhunen Ville , Wade Kaitlin H , Corbin Laura J , Hughes David A , Smith George Davey , Lawlor Debbie A , Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta , Timpson Nicholas J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Glycosuria is a condition where glucose is detected in urine at higher concentrations than normal (i.e. not detectable). Glycosuria at some point during pregnancy has an estimated prevalence of 50% and is associated with adverse outcomes in both mothers and offspring. Little is currently known about the genetic contribution to this trait or the extent to which it overlaps with other seemingly related traits, e.g. diabetes. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for self-reported glycosuria in pregnant mothers from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (cases/controls = 1249/5140). We identified two loci, one of which (lead SNP = rs13337037; chromosome 16; odds ratio of glycosuria per effect allele: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.30, 1.56; P = 1.97 × 10−13) was then validated using an obstetric measure of glycosuria measured in the same cohort (227/6639). We performed a secondary GWAS in the 1986 Northern Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC1986; 747/2991) using midwife-reported glycosuria and offspring genotype as a proxy for maternal genotype. The combined results revealed evidence for a consistent effect on glycosuria at the chromosome 16 locus. In follow-up analyses, we saw little evidence of shared genetic underpinnings with the exception of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (Rg = 0.64; SE = 0.22; P = 0.0042), a biomarker of kidney disease. In conclusion, we identified a genetic association with self-reported glycosuria during pregnancy, with the lead SNP located 15kB upstream of SLC5A2, a target of antidiabetic drugs. The lack of strong genetic correlation with seemingly related traits such as type 2 diabetes suggests different genetic risk factors exist for glycosuria during pregnancy.
Transcriptome changes during the initiation and progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Hrach Heather C , O’Brien Shannon , Steber Hannah S , Newbern Jason , Rawls Alan , Mangone Marco 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal, X-linked disease characterized by progressive muscle degeneration. The condition is driven by nonsense and missense mutations in the dystrophin gene, leading to instability of the sarcolemma and skeletal muscle necrosis and atrophy. Resulting changes in muscle-specific gene expression that take place in dystrophin’s absence remain largely uncharacterized, as they are potentially obscured by the chronic inflammation elicited by muscle damage in humans. Caenorhabditis elegans possess a mild inflammatory response that is not active in the muscle, and lack a satellite cell equivalent. This allows for the characterization of the transcriptome rearrangements affecting disease progression independently of inflammation and regeneration. In effort to better understand these dynamics, we have isolated and sequenced body muscle-specific transcriptomes from C. elegans lacking functional dystrophin at distinct stages of disease progression. We have identified an upregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial function early in disease progression, and an upregulation of genes related to muscle repair in later stages. Our results suggest that in C. elegans, dystrophin may have a signaling role early in development, and its absence may activate compensatory mechanisms that counteract muscle degradation caused by loss of dystrophin. We have also developed a temperature-based screening method for synthetic paralysis that can be used to rapidly identify genetic partners of dystrophin. Our results allow for the comprehensive identification of transcriptome changes that potentially serve as independent drivers of disease progression and may in turn allow for the identification of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of DMD.
Aquaculture-driven evolution: distribution of pyrethroid resistance in the salmon louse throughout the North Atlantic in the years 2000–2017
Authors: Fjørtoft Helene Børretzen , Nilsen Frank , Besnier Francois , Espedal Per Gunnar , Stene Anne , Tveten Ann-Kristin , Bjørn Pål Arne , Aspehaug Vidar Teis , Glover Kevin Alan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The parasitic salmon louse, and its documented resistance to chemotherapeutants, represents the most persistent environmental challenge to global salmonid aquaculture. We used a genetic marker associated with pyrethroid resistance to analyse ∼15 000 lice collected from the North Atlantic in the period 2000–2017. The genotype associated with resistance was not detected in lice collected from throughout the North Atlantic in the year 2000 or 2002. However, by the year 2009 onwards, it was found in lice from fish farms throughout much of the North Atlantic. It was also found in modest frequencies in lice collected from wild Atlantic salmon captured off Greenland. The most recent samples displayed very high frequencies of the genotype associated with resistance, particularly in intensive aquaculture regions of Norway (&gt;90%) and Scotland (&gt;70%). These results closely align with observations from the field. We suggest that pyrethroid resistance first emerged in Europe just before or around the year 2000 and was thereafter dispersed throughout much of the North Atlantic where its increased frequency was driven by extensive pyrethroid use. Although the resistant genotype was not detected in lice from Canada, it is likely to occur in very low frequencies that would quickly increase if pyrethroids were to be used in that region.
Mind the gap between ICES nations’ future seafood consumption and aquaculture production
Authors: Froehlich Halley E , Couture Jessica , Falconer Lynne , Krause Gesche , Morris James A , Perez Montse , Stentiford Grant D , Vehviläinen Harri , Halpern Benjamin S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
As the human population grows and climate change threatens the stability of seafood sources, we face the key question of how we will meet increasing demand, and do so sustainably. Many of the 20 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) member nations have been global leaders in the protection and management of wild fisheries, but to date, most of these nations have not developed robust aquaculture industries. Using existing data and documentation of aquaculture targets from government and industry, we compiled and analysed past trends in farmed and wild seafood production and consumption in ICES nations, as well as the potential and need to increase aquaculture production by 2050. We found that the majority of ICES nations lacks long-term strategies for aquaculture growth, with an increasing gap between future domestic production and consumption—resulting in a potential 7 million tonne domestic seafood deficit by 2050, which would be supplemented by imports from other countries (e.g. China). We also found recognition of climate change as a concern for aquaculture growth, but little on what that means for meeting production goals. Our findings highlight the need to prioritize aquaculture policy to set more ambitious domestic production goals and/or improve sustainable sourcing of seafood from other parts of the world, with explicit recognition and strategic planning for climate change affecting such decisions. In short, there is a need for greater concerted effort by ICES member nations to address aquaculture’s long-term future prospects.
Thermal properties of sonicated graphene in coconut oil as a phase change material for energy storage in building applications1
Authors: Safira Lulu , Putra Nandy , Trisnadewi Titin , Kusrini Eny , Mahlia Teuku Meurah Indra 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the thermal properties of a phase change material (PCM) based on coconut oil for building energy storage applications. Coconut oil is classified as an organic PCM composed of fatty acids made from renewable feedstock. However, low thermal conductivity is one of the major drawbacks of organic PCMs that must be improved. Graphene could be an effective material to enhance the thermal performance of organic PCMs. In this study, coconut oil with a latent heat capacity of 114.6 J/g and a melting point of 17.38°C was used. PCMs were prepared by sonicating graphene into coconut oil, as a supporting material. The mass fractions of the prepared PCMs were 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. Thermal conductivity tests were performed using a KD2 thermal property analyser under different ambient temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25°C simulated with a circulating thermostatic bath. The latent heat, melting point and freezing point were determined through differential scanning calorimetry, the thermal stability was determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the morphology and chemical structure were examined using transmission electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The results of this study showed that graphene addition to coconut oil improved the thermal performance, with the highest improvement seen in a 0.3 wt% sample at 20°C. The latent heat decreased by 11% owing to molecular movements within the PCM. However, TGA revealed that the composite PCMs showed good thermal stability in ambient building temperature ranges.
Interactions Between Antenatal Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, Drug-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum Parasites, and Delivery Outcomes in Malawi
Authors: Taylor Steve M , Levitt Brandt , Freedman Betsy , Madanitsa Mwayiwawo , Thwai Kyaw-Lay , Kalilani-Phiri Linda , Khairallah Carole , Mwapasa Victor , ter Kuile Feiko O , Meshnick Steven R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is used as intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy (IPTp) for malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. The resistance marker dhps A581G has been associated with reduced IPTp-SP efficacy and enhanced morbidity in SP recipients.

Methods
We measured SP-resistance allele frequencies in Malawian women participating in a trial comparing IPTp with SP against intermittent screening by rapid diagnostic tests (ISTp). We genotyped polymerase chain reaction-detected parasites using deep sequencing of SP-resistance alleles.

Results
Among 125 placental infections, A581G-bearing parasites were associated with reduced birth weight (mean difference [MD], 252 g; 95% confidence interval [CI], 46–457; P = .017). Relative to ISTp, IPTp-SP was associated with higher birth weights in women with wild-type parasites (MD, 116 g; 95% CI, −40 to 272; P = .142) and lower birth weights in women with A581G-bearing parasites (MD, 192 g; 95% CI, −264 to 648; P = .385) (Pinteraction = .033). Similar associations were noted on gestational age (Pinteraction = .075). Amongst only IPTp-SP recipients, relative to women who last received SP &gt; 4 weeks before delivery, recent SP receipt was associated with lower birth weight in women with wild-type parasites (MD, 118 g; 95% CI, −376 to 139; P = .361) and higher birth weight in women with A581G-bearing parasites (MD, 783 g; 95% CI, −20 to 1586; P = .054) (Pinteraction = .005).

Conclusions
The effectiveness in birth weight of IPTp-SP is compromised by A581G-bearing parasites, but there was no evidence that the adverse effects of these parasites are exacerbated by antenatal SP.

ISRCTN Registry
www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN69800930.
Diversity of energy metabolism in immune responses regulated by micro-organisms and dietary nutrition
Authors: Hosomi Koji , Kunisawa Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractImmune metabolism has been recognized as a new paradigm in the regulation of host immunity. In the environment, there are many micro-organisms including pathogenic and non-pathogenic and/or beneficial ones. Immune cells exhibit various responses against different types of microbes, which seem to be associated with changes in energy metabolism. In addition, dietary nutrition influences host metabolism and consequent responses by immune cells. In this review, we describe the complex network of immune metabolism from the perspectives of nutrition, micro-organisms and host immunity for the control of immunologic health and diseases.
In vitro activity of omadacycline and levofloxacin against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus saprophyticus in human urine supplemented with calcium and magnesium
Authors: Pagano Paul , Marra Andrea , Shinabarger Dean , Pillar Chris 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Omadacycline, an aminomethylcycline, was approved in 2018 for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. In a Phase Ib study, around 34% of the absorbed dose of omadacycline was shown to be excreted in urine—an important property for urinary tract infection (UTI) treatment. Therefore, omadacycline has been studied in two Phase II trials for the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs and acute pyelonephritis. The activity of omadacycline against UTI pathogens in human urine is important to understand in this context.

Objectives
To study the in vitro activity of omadacycline against UTI pathogens in human urine supplemented with calcium and magnesium.

Methods
Omadacycline activity was compared with that of levofloxacin against the urinary pathogens Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus saprophyticus in standard medium, pooled normal human urine and neutral pH-adjusted pooled normal human urine spiked with calcium or magnesium at concentrations consistent with hypercalcaemia and hypermagnesaemia.

Results
The activities of omadacycline and levofloxacin against these urinary pathogens were lower in urine relative to standard medium; addition of Mg2+ to broth and urine had a further negative impact on omadacycline activity, whereas the addition of Ca2+ had less of an impact. Levofloxacin activity was not substantially reduced in either broth or urine by the addition of divalent cations.

Conclusions
The activity of omadacycline against UTI organisms was lower in urine relative to standard medium and was negatively impacted by magnesium. Omadacycline displayed slightly reduced activity when excess calcium was present, but, overall, the differences were ≤2-fold. These observations should be considered along with the pharmacokinetics of the agent for clinical context.