bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of efficiency of the use of pulsed corona discharge energy during the conversion of volatile organic compounds
Authors: Kuznetsov D L , Filatov I E , Uvarin V V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The effect of electronegative additives on the conversion of volatile organic compounds in plasma of air mixtures has been studied. It was shown that during the conversion of trichloroethylene C2HCl3 and perchloroethylene C2Cl4 in air under the action of pulsed corona discharge of nanosecond duration, the addition of carbon tetrachloride CCl4 to the mixture leads not only to a decrease in the discharge current, but also to an increase in energy efficiency of the conversion of toxic impurity. To explain the results obtained, the estimation of parameters of non-equilibrium non-thermal plasma and the analysis of processes in various regions of pulsed corona discharge have been carried out.
A new method of low-temperature cementation of stainless steel by decomposition of C2H2 in low-energy electron beam generated plasma
Authors: Menshakov A I , Skorynina P A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The method of low-temperature (400–500°C) cementation of AISI430 stainless steel by decomposition of acetylene in a wide (100 cm2) low-energy (200–300 eV) electron beam generated plasma in an Ar+C2H2 gas mixture was investigated. The composition of a beam Ar+C2H2-plasma is investigated and it is shown that the degree of decomposition of acetylene varies with the current and energy of the electron beam. It is shown that the magnitude of the flow of acetylene significantly affects the formation rate and hardness of the hardened layer. From the obtained results it can be seen that at fixed values of argon pressure ( ~ 0.8 mTorr), beam current (3.5 A), bias voltage (–120 V), sample temperature (500°C) and exposure time (3 h) increase in QC2H2 from 1 to 4–5 cm3·min−1 leads to an increase in the thickness and microhardness of the hardened layer. With a further increase in QC2H2, an abrupt decrease in the rate of formation of the hard layer occurs.
Energy depth distribution of pulsed electron beam with wide electron kinetic energy spectrum for an aluminum target
Authors: Poloskov A , Serebrennikov M , Isemberlinova A , Egorov I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Knowledges of pulsed electron beam characteristics is necessary for use it for scientific and practice applications. Current work analyses the pulsed electron beam extracted from the vacuum diode through a titanium foil (60 mkm) of the diode exit window. Electron beam energy depth distribution was measured for a target made of different number of aluminum foils. A pulsed electron beam with a wide range of kinetic energies was generated by the ASTRA-M accelerator (260 kV of accelerating voltage, up to 1 kA of beam current, 150 ns of beam pulse duration at FWHM). A calorimeter of total absorption and Faraday cup were used to measure beam characteristics. Calorimeter included two collectors: first one measures a beam energy after aluminum foils, and the second one measures a total beam energy. All measurements were performed at 10−5 Torr background pressure after the exit window foil. As a result, the electron kinetic energy spectrum of the beam out of diode has been reconstructed.
Investigation of composition and parameters of metal-gas plasma at vacuum arc evaporation of molybdenum cathode in the mode of plasma assistance
Authors: Prokopenko N A , Krysina O V , Shugurov V V , Kovalsky S S , Prokopiev V E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It is shown that simultaneous functioning of the self-sustained arc discharge with the integral-cold molybdenum cathode and non-self-sustained arc discharge with the thermionic and hollow cathodes allows to generate volume metal-gas plasma with density of ≥ 1010 cm−3, electrons temperature of ≈ 1–1.5 eV at the gas (argon) pressure of 0.3 Pa and working values of the arc current of evaporator (60–180) A into vacuum volumes of ≥ 0.1 m3 for effective coating synthesis based on molybdenum by vacuum arc plasma-assisted method. It has been established by the spectrometric method that neutral atoms and single-charged molybdenum ions are present in the area of molybdenum-based coatings condensation along with atoms and ions of the working gas.
Influence of electrolyte-plasma surface hardening on the structure and properties of steel 40KhN
Authors: Rakhadilov B K , Satbayeva Z A , Bayatanova L B , Kilyshkanov M K , Kalibayev K A , Kochneva A K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The optimal electrolyte composition for electrolyte-plasma surface hardening of 40XH steel, which does not lead to the surface layer to erosion, oxidation and decarburization are determined in this work. It is shown that after electrolytic-plasma surface hardening a modified layer with a thickness of 1–1.2 mm is formed with high hardness and wear resistance which consisting of a hardened layer of fine-grained martensite, an intermediate layer of perlite and martensite.
Effect of applying a magnetic field in ion nitriding on probe characteristics of glow discharge, microhardness and R6M5 steel structure
Authors: Ramazanov R , Vafin R , Asylbaev A , Nikolaev A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ion nitriding in a magnetic field has been studied. The influence of the magnetic field on glow discharge characteristics, structural-phase composition of the modified layer and surface microhardness of steels R6M5 has been analyzed. The probe current-voltage characteristic of the glow discharge inthe magnetic field has been obtained.
CuO films deposited by superimposed high power impulse and DC magnetron sputtering
Authors: Semenov V A , Grenadyorov A S , Oskirko V O , Zakharov A N , Rabotkin S V , Ionov I V , Solovyev A A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Copper oxide films have been successfully deposited onto glass, fused quartz and Si(100) substrates by superimposed high power impulse (HIPIMS) and DC reactive magnetron sputtering. The deposition rate, adhesion, structure, wettability and optical properties of the obtained films were compared with those of CuO films deposited by conventional DC sputtering. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that nanocrystallite size, single phase cupric oxide thin films with monoclinic structure were formed in all deposition modes. However, superimposing the direct current during off-time of HiPIMS pulsing allowed formation of denser film with smooth surface and good optical properties.
Phase composition reproportioning of the plasma dynamic synthesisproduct of the zinc-bismuth-oxygen system
Authors: Sivkov A A , Ivashutenko A S , Rakhmatullin I A , Shanenkova Yu L , Tsimmerman A I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article shows the possibility of obtaining nanosized materials based on zinc oxide and bismuth oxide by plasma dynamic synthesis. The main research in the article is the results on the influence of the precursors mass on the products phase composition of the Zn-Bi-O system. X-ray phase analysis allowed to establish the possibility of zinc oxide and bismuth oxide synthesis in one short cycle of the coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator. Changing the metal bismuth batch weight allows to adjust the bismuth oxide content in the final product. Transmission electron microscopy confirms the presence of zinc oxide phases in the bismuth oxide shell in the obtained material. Evaluation of the bismuth oxide shell thickness by determining the average size of the coherent scattering region showed that it is 30 nm.
Thermodynamic analysis of cement clinker formation using low temperature plasma
Authors: Skripnikova N K , Shekhovtsov V V , Vlasov V A , Volokitin O G , Volokitin G G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper deals with the synthesis of cement clinker using the highly-concentrated thermal flux. The thermodynamic analysis shows that during this synthesis, the temperature increase up to 2727°C (3000 K) is accompanied by the change in the probability of C3S, C2S, C3S2, CS formation. Starting from 1907°C (2180 K), the most stable compound is found to be C3S which is not feasible by applying the traditional technology.
Additive manufactured VT6 titanium alloy surface modification by electron-ion-plasma methods
Authors: Teresov A D , Akhmadeev Yu H , Ivanov Yu F , Moskvin P V , Petrikova E A , Krysina O V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It was shown that alloying of the samples of VT6 titanium alloy made by method of additive manufacturing in a single vacuum cycle on «COMPLEX» installation by deposition of a thin film of zirconium and the subsequent liquid-phase mixing by means of pulse electron beam treatment allows considerably to reduce roughness and porosity of a surface layer and to increase its mechanical properties. In the optimum modes of processing the increase in microhardness at ≈ 40% in comparison with initial samples has been received. Values of roughness, tensile strength and wear resistance correspond to initial material.
A plasma-chemical reactor of coupled vacuum-arc and ion-plasma processes for protective coatings formation based on titanium nitride
Authors: Tsyrenov D B-D , Semenov A P , Smirnyagina N N , Semenova I A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A plasma-chemical reactor based on the principle of coupling of gas-discharge processes in a VU-1B vacuum installation has been developed. This plasma-chemical reactor combine vacuum-arc evaporation of titanium in a nitrogen-containing plasma and ion-plasma sputtering of copper with the formation of copper vapor. The basis of this method of coatings deposition is the principle of dosing the injection copper vapor into the region of TiN synthesis through a separating diaphragm with a variable metering aperture, which prevents penetration of a titanium vapor into the copper cathode of the magnetron. The synthesis of TiN coatings in copper vapors has been carried out with the formation of nanostructured composite TiN-Cu coatings.
Influence of the magnetic field at ion nitriding in glow discharge on probe characteristics, microhardness and structure of 08H18N10T (AISI 321) steel
Authors: Vafin R , Asylbaev A , Nikolaev A , Pesin A , Pustovoytov D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The study is devoted to the influence of the magnetic field on ion nitriding of stainless steel of austenite class – 08H18N10T (AISI 321). The experimental volt-ampere characteristics (VAC) of the glow dischargewere obtained under the influence of crossed electric and magnetic fields (CEMF), plasma parameters were calculated. The microhardness measurements made it possible to establish that the surface hardness increases 1.5 times when nitriding with CEMF in comparison with that without CEMF, while the hardened layer thickness increases 1.5 times.
Complex modification of the surface of high-speed steel in low-temperature high-density plasma
Authors: Vardanyan E L , Ramazanov K N , Nagimov R Sh , Nazarov A Yu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A technological process has been developed for complex modification of the surface of tool materials in low-pressure discharges, including low-temperature nitriding and subsequent deposition of multilayer coatings based on intermetallic compounds of the Ti-Al system. The results of production tests of metal cutting tools processed by the developed complex technology are presented.
Electrospark method for obtaining nanopowders
Authors: Zhuravlev M , Sazonov R , Kholodnaya G , Pyatkov I , Ponomarev D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the paper, a metallic FexOy nanopowder was obtained by the electrospark method. The used electrospark installation consists of the electrode system, mobility system, system for measuring processing parameters (oscilloscope and current sensor, HV voltage divider, manovacuum meter), source of current pulses, vacuum system (vacuum pump, gas cylinders with working gas, gas routes, gas taps). The specific feature of the installation is the use of a power supply circuit of two generators with different voltage levels operating for one interelectrode gap. This generator circuit makes it possible to change the treatment parameters in wide ranges (pulse duration 10–100 μs, pulse energy 0.1–0.6 J, pulse repetition rate 0.1–5 kHz). It will enable to choose the optimal ratio between the energy expended and the maximum yield of the product, as well as to study the influence of treatment parameters on the composition and properties of the resulting powder. The morphology and phase composition of the FexOy synthesized metal powder was studied.
Dynamics and potential drivers of CO2 concentration and evasion across temporal scales in high-alpine streams
Authors: Horgby Åsa , Gómez-Gener Lluís , Escoffier Nicolas , Battin Tom J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) evasion from streams greatly contributes to global carbon fluxes. Despite this, the temporal dynamics of CO2 and its drivers remain poorly understood to date. This is particularly true for high-altitude streams. Using high-resolution time series of CO2 concentration and specific discharge from sensors in twelve streams in the Swiss Alps, we studied over three years the responsiveness of both CO2 concentration and evasion fluxes to specific discharge at annual scales and at the scale of the spring freshet. On an annual basis, our results show dilution responses of the streamwater CO2 likely attributable to limited supply from sources within the catchment. Combining our sensor data with stable isotope analyses, we identify the spring freshet as a window where source limitation of the CO2 evasion fluxes becomes relieved. CO2 from soil respiration enters the streams during the freshet thereby facilitating CO2 evasion fluxes that are potentially relevant for the carbon fluxes at catchment scale. Our study highlights the need for long-term measurements of CO2 concentrations and fluxes to better understand and predict the role of streams for global carbon cycling.
The impact of environmental changes on the yield and nutritional quality of fruits, nuts and seeds: a systematic review
Authors: Alae-Carew Carmelia , Nicoleau Salina , Bird Frances A , Hawkins Poppy , Tuomisto Hanna L , Haines Andy , Dangour Alan D , Scheelbeek Pauline F D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background: Environmental changes are predicted to threaten human health, agricultural production and food security. Whilst their impact has been evaluated for major cereals, legumes and vegetables, no systematic evidence synthesis has been performed to date evaluating impact of environmental change on fruits, nuts and seeds (FN&S)—valuable sources of nutrients and pivotal in reducing risks of non-communicable disease. Methods: We systematically searched seven databases, identifying available published literature (1970–2018) evaluating impacts of water availability and salinity, temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) on yields and nutritional quality of FN&S. Dose-response relationships were assessed and, where possible, mean yield changes relative to baseline conditions were calculated. Results: 81 papers on fruits and 24 papers on nuts and seeds were identified, detailing 582 and 167 experiments respectively. A 50% reduction in water availability and a 3–4dS m−1 increase in water salinity resulted in significant fruit yield reductions (mean yield changes: −20.7% [95%CI −43.1% to −1.7%]; and −28.2% [95%CI −53.0% to −3.4%] respectively). A 75%–100% increase in CO2 concentrations resulted in positive yield impacts (+37.8%; [95%CI 4.1% to 71.5%]; and 10.1%; [95%CI −30.0% to 50.3%] for fruits and nuts respectively). Evidence on yield impacts of increased O3 concentrations and elevated temperatures (>25 °C) was scarce, but consistently negative. The positive effect of elevated CO2 levels appeared to attenuate with simultaneous exposure to elevated temperatures. Data on impacts of environmental change on nutritional quality of FN&S were sparse, with mixed results. Discussion: In the absence of adaptation strategies, predicted environmental changes will reduce yields of FN&S. With global intake already well-below WHO recommendations, declining FN&S yields may adversely affect population health. Adaptation strategies and careful agricultural and food system planning will be essential to optimise crop productivity in the context of future environmental changes, thereby supporting and safeguarding sustainable and resilient food systems.
Measuring ecosystem multifunctionality across scales
Authors: Hölting Lisanne , Jacobs Sander , Felipe-Lucia María R , Maes Joachim , Norström Albert V , Plieninger Tobias , Cord Anna F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Multifunctionality refers to the capacity of an area to supply multiple ecosystem functions or services. While many conceptual and methodological advances have focused on defining and quantifying multifunctionality, the challenge of dealing with cross-scale dynamics of multifunctionality remains open. This study proposes a new way of measuring multifunctionality across spatial scales, illustrated with a European-wide dataset of 18 ecosystem services. Our assessment captures not only the diversity of ecosystem services supplied within each municipality (alpha-multifunctionality), but also the unique contribution of each municipality to the regional ecosystem service diversity (beta-multifunctionality). This cross-scale analysis helps better understanding the spatial distribution of ecosystem services, which is required to design management and policies at the right scale. Our analysis shows that alpha-multifunctionality follows a latitudinal gradient across Europe and strongly decreases towards the city centers of metropolitan areas. By relating alpha- and beta-multifunctionality to land use intensity, we show that low-intensity management systems support higher ecosystem multifunctionality across Europe. Municipalities of low alpha-multifunctionality often contribute significantly to regional multifunctionality, by providing ecosystem services of a specific value to the region. Our method to measure both alpha- and beta-multifunctionality thus provides a new way to inform reconciliation of competing land uses when maximizing alpha-multifunctionality is not reasonable.
Application Analysis of Low Impact Development in Sponge City Construction
Authors: Wang Chao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Low impact development is an important means of Sponge City Construction, an effective measure to reduce a series of severe ecological problems such as frequent water logging, loss of water, serious runoff pollution, urban ecological environment damage and so on in the process of decreasing urbanization development, and an ecological technical system for the safety and security of water. By discussing the practical significance of low impact development, this paper reviews the practical cases of typical low impact development—GuiYang. Finally, puts forward the path of making full use of low impact development in urban planning.
Efficiency analysis of hydrodynamic enhanced oil recovery methods on the example of Las-Eganskoye field
Authors: Dyagilev V , Lazutin N , Dyagileva T , Baksheev V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The majority of oil fields in Western Siberia are at the late stage of their development. Therefore, the minimization of economic and technological costs aimed at enhanced oil recovery is becoming a primary task. Hydrodynamic methods of enhanced oil recovery (HM EOR) fully satisfy these requirements, which makes them the most promising in further development of oil fields in Western Siberia. The methodology includes measurement and description, which use allows analyzing and assessing the study of HM EOR application. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the efficiency of HM EOR on the example of Las-Eganskoye field. The study of hydrodynamic methods of enhanced oil recovery included the analysis of results, which allowed developing recommendations for the implementation of HM EOR in the oil fields of Western Siberia. It is shown that the technological opportunity of HM EOR requires clarification based on the current state of field development taking into account the peculiarities of reservoir pressure maintenance system, technical condition of pipelines and the stock of active injection wells proposed for cyclic injection.
Automation of industrial processes and everyday life
Authors: Saveliev Ya V , Savelieva N N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
One of the main features of our information era is “digitization”. In the oil industry, there is almost no easily produced oil left, so we have to constantly create the latest technologies for unconventional reserves and conduct production in hard-to-reach regions. The “digitization” of all the production components is not a tribute to fashion, but a means of maintaining efficiency and success. The principle of “toothbrush”. Toothbrush monitoring is used in the extraction, refining and marketing of petroleum products by monitoring the serviceability of industrial equipment. The principle of mobility and utility. In the field of exploration and production, this means that all information about the field development is processed and, using special applications, is displayed on mobile devices of the relevant people in real time. Portable mobile devices for checking the quality of welds at the junction of pipelines directly at the place of their operation, without stopping the operation process and without damaging the inspected object, can be necessary as well. The developed device for the arc welding of magnetized products — the IST-201 welding current inverter — allows pipes to be welded without their preliminary demagnetization. The device allows one to weld pipes in a matter of hours, and instead of a whole group of personnel, only welders are involved. This development can scan not only finished seams or products, but also details during the manufacturing process, which allows avoiding the risk of defective products already at the production stage.
Ways to improve production efficiency problems and ways of their solution
Authors: Kosianov P M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The work shows various ways to improve the efficiency of oil production. A comparative analysis was carried out. Considered the most environmentally friendly ways. Considered physical models and the most important averaged parameters for them are defined. Identified ways to influence these parameters. The expressions are shown that allow to calculate the volumes of oil filtered through the sections of the bottomhole zone of the reservoir. The problem of determining the viscosity of oil. The methods of steam-thermal impact on the formation, their advantages and opportunities are considered in detail. Identified problems, shows how to solve them. Solutions were found for turning water into saturated steam in a closed volume of a drilling tool. The quantities that evaluate the effectiveness of the device are determined and calculated quantitatively. The optimal size and shape of the nozzles are determined. Calculated steam flow rate from the nozzles of the device, the reactive forces arising in the device and the torque generated by the forces. The relevance and prospects of these methods are shown. at development of deposits with high viscosity oils.