bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LumaCam: a novel class of position-sensitive event mode particle detectors using scintillator screens
Authors: Wolfertz Alexander , Gustschin Alex , Schulz Michael , Long Alexander M. , Khaplanov Anton , Hirsh Tsviki Y. , Nomerotski Andrei , Morgano Manuel , Tremsin Anton , Mauri Giacomo , Sykora G. Jeff , Losko Adrian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA new type of position-sensitive detectors is gaining attention in the neutron community. They are scintillator based detectors that detect the scintillation light on an individual photon basis via an image intensifier and a fast image sensor. Their readout operates in event mode i.e. it produces information about individual neutron interactions, reconstructed from the sensor data, thus enabling to achieve superior spatial and temporal resolutions compared to regular detectors. Although the development of current detectors is focused on neutrons, the concept is also applicable to the detection of other particles such as high-energy photons. This document provides a description on how these detectors are built, how they operate, and what their characteristics are. An example of a detector implementation based on a Timepix3 chip is described to illustrate the detector concept. This includes a detailed description of the algorithm that reconstructs the neutron interactions from the sensor data, one of the core components that sets it apart from established scintillator-based imaging detectors. Energy-resolved epithermal neutron radiography was performed at the ISIS EMMA beamline with this detector, illustrating some of the fundamental differences in the data that can be produced with the new type of detector compared to more established types of scintillator based neutron detectors. The term LumaCam is proposed to refer to this new class of position-sensitive event-mode detectors.
Molecular mechanism of condensin I activation by KIF4A
Authors: Cutts Erin E , Tetiker Damla , Kim Eugene , Aragon Luis 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
During mitosis, the condensin I and II complexes compact chromatin into chromosomes. Loss of the chromokinesin, KIF4A, results in reduced condensin I association with chromosomes, but the molecular mechanism behind this phenotype is unknown. In this study, we reveal that KIF4A binds directly to the human condensin I HAWK subunit, NCAPG, via a conserved disordered short linear motif (SLiM) located in its C-terminal tail. KIF4A competes for NCAPG binding to an overlapping site with SLiMs at the N-terminus of NCAPH and the C-terminus of NCAPD2, which mediate two auto-inhibitory interactions within condensin I. Consistently, the KIF4A SLiM peptide alone is sufficient to stimulate ATPase and DNA loop extrusion activities of condensin I. We identify similar SLiMs in the known yeast condensin interactors, Sgo1 and Lrs4, which bind yeast condensin subunit, Ycg1, the equivalent HAWK to NCAPG. Our findings, together with previous work on condensin II and cohesin, demonstrate that SLiM binding to the NCAPG-equivalent HAWK subunit is a conserved mechanism of regulation in SMC complexes.
The new age of the phage
Authors: Santini Joanne M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The discovery of viruses that can devour bacteria, bacteriophages (phages), was in 1915. Phages are ubiquitous, outnumbering the organisms they devour, and genomically, morphologically, and ecologically diverse. They were critical in our development of molecular biology and biotechnology tools and have been used as therapeutics for over 100 years, primarily in Eastern Europe with thousands of patients from all over the world treated in Georgia. The rise of antimicrobial resistance and the lack of new antimicrobials, has brought them back into the spotlight dawning the New Age of the Phage. This special issue will provide further insight to phage diversity across ecosystems, including humans, animals, and plants, i.e. the basis of a One Health approach, and the requirements for turning phages into viable medicines for the many and not just for the few.
Intervention and Sampling Trends in Literacy Research for Young Augmentative and Alternative Communication Users: A Scoping Review
Authors: Benson-Goldberg Sofia , Erickson Karen 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
This scoping review aims to characterize the body of literature addressing literacy interventions involving young children (ages 2–8 years) who use or would benefit from aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC).

Method:
A systematic search was conducted in six databases. The search yielded 33 intervention studies. Participant characteristics (i.e., age, gender, communication profile) were charted along with intervention characteristics (i.e., focus, outcome variables, settings, interventionists, aided AAC materials).

Results:
Findings provide insight into intervention and sampling trends. Specifically, studies predominantly investigated shared reading interventions to support expressive communication with children who were already symbolic communicators. There was a noticeable lack of studies involving children with multiple disabilities including intellectual disabilities.

Conclusions:
The review highlights the necessity for more inclusive research that represents the diverse communication and disability profiles of young children who use or would benefit from aided AAC. Future studies should aim to include participants with varying abilities and access methods. Additionally, the emphasis on emergent literacy, particularly shared reading, should be expanded to include comprehensive emergent literacy skills such as generative writing, phonological awareness, and language comprehension. This broader focus will better support the literacy development of young children who use or would benefit from aided AAC.
Multi global context‐aware transformer for ship name recognition in IoT
Authors: Xian Yunting , Lu Lu , Qiu Xuanrui , Xian Jing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractScene text recognition has gained increasing attention in recent years, as it can connect products without an open interface in IoT. The non‐local network is particularly popular in text recognition, as it can aggregate the temporal message of the input. However, existing text recognition methods based on RNN encoder‐decoder structures encounter the problem of attention drift, especially in complex ship name recognition scenarios, because the features extracted by these methods are extremely similar. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel text recognition approach named Multi Global Context‐aware Transformer (MG‐Cat). The proposed approach has two main properties: (1) a Global Context block that captures the global relationships among pixels inside the encoder, and (2) multiple global context‐aware attention modules stacked in the encoder process. This way, the MG‐Cat approach can learn a more robust intermediate feature representation in the text recognition pipeline. Moreover, the paper collected a new ship name dataset to evaluate the proposed approach. Extensive experiments were conducted on the collected dataset to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The experimental results show the generalization ability of our squeeze‐and‐excitation global context attention module.
3D Metal printed compact high‐Q bandpass filter using folded groove gap waveguide resonator with modified nails
Authors: Miao Zhuo‐Wei , Tian Ling 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper first presented a novel kind of modified curved nails for building the gap waveguide. By controlling the curved degrees, the realized gap waveguide can achieve a wider electromagnetic band gap range. Subsequently, a groove gap waveguide resonator based on this was proposed that can offer the advantages of miniaturization and high unloaded quality (Qu) values, which is a good candidate for designing low‐loss filters. To further reduce the footprints while maintaining the high Qu, the concept of the folded waveguide was deployed here to construct the so‐called folded groove gap waveguide resonator for the first time. Then, a 4‐pole filter based on the folded groove gap waveguide resonator was designed to validate the possibilities. The designed filter showed comparable performance as its counterparts of half‐mode gap waveguide resonator but with smaller. For rapid prototyping, 3D metal printing was adopted to fabricate the filter concerning its periodical nail structures. The printing quality is acceptable, and the tested results agreed well with the simulated ones.
Source‐storage‐transmission planning method considering carbon emission responsibility allocation
Authors: Yang Xiuyu , Su Kebing , Peng Jian , Miu Gang , Zhu Zhengyin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFair sharing of carbon responsibility is crucial to achieve the goal of low‐carbon transformation and dual‐carbon power system. In response to the current issue of a certain proportion of joint responsibility between source and load, it does not comply with the principle of “who causes who bears”. This thesis proposes a source storage transport coordinated planning method for allocating carbon responsibility from a planning perspective. Firstly, based on the basic principle of “who causes, who bears”, it classifies and holds accountable various stakeholders, establishes reasonable and fair allocation principles including reward and punishment indicators, and a dual carbon responsibility cost allocation rule for electricity balance and power balance in the power system; Secondly, based on the previous works, a source storage network joint planning model which comprehensively considers the investment cost of conventional thermal power installation, energy storage investment, wind abandonment penalty cost, transmission line expansion cost, and carbon emission responsibility cost is constructed. Finally, taking the Garver‐6 node system as an example, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method were verified by comparing it with the source storage and transportation planning method that does not consider carbon responsibility allocation.
Differences in M‐components between triggered lightning striking the ground and overhead line
Authors: Cai Li , Du Yiyang , Fan Wenchao , Zhou Mi , Wang Jianguo , Cao Jinxin , Fan Yadong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the summer of 2018–2019, rocket‐triggered lightning experiments were conducted in Guangzhou, China. There were two types of lightning targets: ground and overhead line. By comparing the current and the electric field data in the two cases, it was found that when the continuous current level (ICC) and current amplitude (IM) of M‐components (current pulses generated during the continuous current stage) are large, the time difference between the electric field peak and the current peak (TD) will always be small. The rise time (RT) and half peak width (THPW) of M‐components with high ICC and IM are low in both the cases. The threshold upper limit of TD in the case of lightning striking the ground is higher, approximately 2.6 times than that in the case of lightning striking the overhead line. We use an optimised guided wave model to simulate the electric field waveforms of M‐components. It was found that the shorter RT and THPW of the M‐component, the smaller TD. The changes in wave speed and IM cannot affect the size of TD, and the impact of distance changes is very weak. The difference in the threshold upper limit of TD may be related to the significant difference in ground impedance in two cases.
Automatic detection of rice disease in images of various leaf sizes
Authors: Kiratiratanapruk Kantip , Temniranrat Pitchayagan , Sinthupinyo Wasin , Marukatat Sanparith , Patarapuwadol Sujin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo help farmers manage limited resources, rice disease diagnosis must be accurate, timely, and affordable. This study addresses challenges in rice field images, such as environmental variability and differences in rice leaf sizes. The proposed technique combines convolutional neural network object detection with image tiling, using estimated rice leaf width as a reference for image division. An 18‐layer ResNet model was trained using ground truth leaf width values for regression in leaf width estimation. Experiments used a dataset of 4960 images representing 8 rice diseases. The leaf width prediction model achieved a mean absolute percentage error of 11.18% and was used to generate a tiled dataset for training advanced rice disease detection models. The tiling technique was evaluated using YOLOv4, YOLOv8n, YOLOv8l, DINO‐5scale Swin‐L, and Co‐DINO‐5scale Swin‐L models by comparing detection performance on original and tiled datasets. Mean average precision improved significantly: YOLOv4 increased from 87.56% to91.14%, YOLOv8n from 89.80% to 91.70%, and YOLOv8l from 89.80% to 93.20%. More advanced models, such as DINO5scale Swin‐L and Co‐DINO‐5scale Swin‐L, achieved even higher precision, at 93.40% and 94.20%, respectively. In conclusion, the tiling technique improved detection efficiency and addressed object size variability, enhancing rice disease detection accuracy inreal‐world scenarios.
Uncovering the invisible: A study of Gaia18ajz, a candidate black hole revealed by microlensing
Authors: Howil K. , Wyrzykowski Ł. , Kruszyńska K. , Zieliński P. , Bachelet E. , Gromadzki M. , Mikołajczyk P. J. , Kotysz K. , Jabłońska M. , Kaczmarek Z. , Mróz P. , Ihanec N. , Ratajczak M. , Pylypenko U. , Rybicki K. , Sweeney D. , Hodgkin S. T. , Larma M. , Carrasco J. M. , Burgaz U. , Godunova V. , Simon A. , Cusano F. , Jelinek M. , Štrobl J. , Hudec R. , Merc J. , Kučáková H. , Erece O. , Kilic Y. , Olivares F. , Morrell M. , Wicker M. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Identifying black holes is essential for our understanding of the development of stars and can reveal novel principles of physics. Gravitational microlensing provides an exceptional opportunity to examine an undetectable population of black holes in the Milky Way. In particular, long-lasting events are likely to be associated with massive lenses, including black holes.
Aims. We present an analysis of the Gaia18ajz microlensing event reported by the Gaia Science Alerts system. Gaia18ajz is a long-timescale event exhibiting features indicative of the annual microlensing parallax effect. Our objective is to estimate its lens parameters based on the best-fitting model.
Methods. We used photometric data obtained from the Gaia satellite and terrestrial observatories to investigate a variety of microlensing models and calculate the most probable mass and distance to the lens, taking into consideration a Galactic model as a prior. Subsequently, we applied a mass–brightness relation to evaluate the likelihood that the lens is a main sequence star. We also describe the DarkLensCode (DLC), an open-source routine that computes the distribution of probable lens mass, distance, and luminosity employing the Galaxy priors on stellar density and velocity for microlensing events with detected microlensing parallax.
Results. We modelled the Gaia18ajz event and found its two possible models, the most probable Einstein timescales for which are 316−30+36 days and 299−22+25 days. Applying Galaxy priors for stellar density and motion, we calculated a most probable lens mass of 4.9−2.3+5.4 M⊙ located at 1.14−0.57+0.75 kpc, and a less probably mass of 11.1−4.7+10.3 M⊙ located at 1.31−0.60+0.80 kpc. Our analysis of the blended light suggests that the lens is likely a dark remnant of stellar evolution rather than a main sequence star.
Dark energy reconstructions combining baryonic acoustic oscillation data with galaxy clusters and intermediate-redshift catalogs
Authors: Luongo Orlando , Muccino Marco 
Published: December 2024

Context. Cosmological parameters and dark energy (DE) behavior are generally constrained assuming a priori models.
Aims. We work out a model-independent reconstruction to bind the key cosmological quantities and the DE evolution.
Methods. Through the model-independent Bézier interpolation method, we reconstructed the Hubble rate from the observational Hubble data and derived analytic expressions for the distances of galaxy clusters, type Ia supernovae, and uncorrelated baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) data. In view of the discrepancy between Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) BAO data, they were kept separate in two distinct analyses. Correlated BAO data were employed to break the baryonic–dark matter degeneracy. All these interpolations enable us to single out and reconstruct the DE behavior with the redshift z in a totally model-independent way.
Results. In both analyses, with SDSS-BAO or DESI-BAO datasets, the constraints agree at a 1–σ confidence level (CL) with the flat ΛCDM model. The Hubble constant tension appears solved in favor of the Planck satellite value. The reconstructed DE behavior exhibits deviations at small z (> 1–σ CL), but agrees (< 1–σ CL) with the cosmological constant paradigm at larger z.
Conclusions. Our method hints at a slowly evolving DE, consistent with a cosmological constant at early times.
Konsum von Nikotinbeuteln im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Hanewinkel Reiner , Hansen Julia 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Unterschied zum schwedischen Snus enthalten Nikotinbeutel keinen Tabak. Nikotinbeutel werden unter die Oberlippe geschoben, sodass Nikotin und andere Inhaltsstoffe über die Mundschleimhaut aufgenommen werden können. Seit 2021 fallen sie in Deutschland unter das Lebensmittelgesetz und sind aufgrund des hohen Nikotingehalts nicht verkehrsfähig. Die Verbreitung des Konsums von Nikotinbeuteln im Kindes- und Jugendalter wird untersucht.Im Rahmen der Beobachtungsstudie „Präventionsradar“ wurde eine Gelegenheitsstichprobe von 12655 Schüler*innen der Klassenstufen 5–10 aus 14 Bundesländern rekrutiert, die im Schuljahr 2022/2023 einen Fragebogen beantworteten. Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 13,2 Jahre (SD=1,72). Das Geschlechtsverhältnis war ausgeglichen (49% Mädchen). Primärer Endpunkt der Querschnittsstudie war die Lebenszeitprävalenz des Konsums von Nikotinbeuteln.Die Lebenzzeitprävalenz des Konsums von Nikotinbeuteln betrug in der Gesamtstichprobe 5,4% (95%-KI 4,9–5,8). Der Konsum war unter Jungen (6,3%; 95%-KI 5,6–6,9) verbreiteter als unter Mädchen (3,5%; 95%-KI 3,0–4,0]) und stieg mit dem Lebensalter an. Im Alter von 16/17 Jahren hatten 15,2% (95%-KI 12,3–18,7) der Jungen und 10,3% (95%-KI 7,8–13,6) der Mädchen Nikotinbeutel konsumiert. Der Konsum kovariierte positiv mit der individuellen Risikobereitschaft, negativ mit dem subjektiven Sozialstatus und trat seltener in Gymnasien auf. Fast alle Kinder und Jugendlichen mit Konsumerfahrung hatten auch schon einmal andere Nikotinprodukte (E-Zigaretten, Tabakzigaretten und Wasserpfeifen) geraucht.Obwohl nicht verkehrsfähig, hatte jeder 7. männliche Schüler und jede 10. weibliche Schülerin im Alter von 16/17 Jahren schon einmal Nikotinbeutel konsumiert.
Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D in Pregnancy and Potential Benefits of Oral Supplementation
Authors: Saccone Gabriele , Buonomo Giorgia , Guerra Serena , Gentile Doriana , Di Spiezio Sardo Attilio 
Published: December 2024

Objective This study aimed to evaluate prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in a cohort of Italian pregnant women, and to evaluate potential benefits of oral supplementation
Study Design Observational cohort of women with singleton gestations who were referred to our institution for first trimester prenatal visit. Screening for hypovitaminosis D was performed at the time of first trimester routine scan between 11 and 13 weeks of gestations. Women were offered measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D). Levels of 25(OH)D are interpreted as follows: 12 to <20 ng/mL: Vitamin D insufficiency; < 12 ng/mL: Vitamin D deficiency. Women with Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency were offered daily oral supplementation at the dose of 2.000 UI, along with folic acid. The primary outcome was the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in our cohort.
Results During the study period, between January 2023 and January 2024, 250 pregnant women were included in the study and screened for 25(OH)D. More than half of the screened women had 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL, with a prevalence of <12 ng/mL of 14%. Out of the 140 (140/250 = 56%) women with 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL, 127/140 (90%) accepted supplementation with Vitamin D, whereas 13 refused the therapy for fear of teratogenic effects of the fetus. The overall rate of preterm delivery before 37 weeks was 8.4%, whereas the incidence of preeclampsia was 2.8%. Rate of preterm delivery was higher in women who did not received supplementation (9.5 vs. 30.8%), but the study was not powered for such comparison.
Conclusion Hypovitaminosis D has high prevalence in pregnant women. Universal screening in the first trimester with measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) can identify women at risk that may benefit of oral supplementation.
Key Points
Phenanthrolines as Energy Transfer Photocatalysts for the E → Z Isomerization of Alkenes
Authors: Sun De-Qun , Chen Kun-Quan , Chen Xiang-Yu , Chen Xiao-Bo , Zhang Jia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhenanthrolines have been widely employed as chelating ligands for transition metals. Herein, this study investigates the utility of substituted o-phenanthrolines as independent photosensitizers for the E → Z isomerization of alkenes. The findings underscore the versatility of o-phenanthrolines, providing a straightforward, metal-free, and cost-effective method for synthesizing Z-alkenes.
Zinc-Mediated Diastereoselective Acyloxyallylation of Isoxazolidine-4,5-diols
Authors: Ďurina Lukáš , Kerti Lukáš , Litecká Miroslava , Moncol Ján , Žídeková Ivana , Fischer Róbert 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of new N-Boc- and N-Cbz-protected δ-(hydroxyamino)-α,β,γ-triols is described for the first time. Products were prepared from 3,4-trans-isoxazolidine-4,5-diols, containing different substituents at the C-3 position, by a zinc-mediated acyloxyallylation reaction in good to excellent yields with excellent 3,4-anti simple diastereoselectivity and good 4,5-syn facial diastereoselectivity. Reductive cleavage of the N–O bond can provide δ-amino-α,β,γ-triol, thus demonstrating the potential synthetic utility of δ-(hydroxyamino)-α,β,γ-triols as useful building blocks for bioactive molecules.
Ultra-fine quantitative removal of silicon materials by femtosecond laser
Authors: Chen Tong , Li Jiang , Wei Pengna , Pan Aifei , Liu Haiping 
Published: December 2024

The development of miniaturized electronic devices is highly dependent on precision manufacturing techniques. To achieve device miniaturization, material removal and processing accuracy down to the submicrometer or even nanometer level are required. The precision machining of the mass block, a key component of the silicon micro-gyroscope, is taken as a reference. To achieve the precision positioning function of the micro-gyroscope, the mass at a certain position of the Si-based mass block must be precisely controlled. Therefore, the ultra-fine quantitative removal process of silicon materials is studied. A femtosecond laser processing system is constructed, and the evolution of micro–nanostructure and etching depth on the silicon surface is explored. An ultra-fine quantitative removal process is developed to achieve quantitative removal of different etching depths on the silicon surface. The experimental results show that the minimum removal thickness can be 0.502 µm. The processing index requirement for a silicon surface removal thickness of less than 0.001 mm has been fulfilled. It is critical to resolve the issue of high-quality manufacturing of miniaturized silicon-based devices.