bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supernova Interaction with a Dense Detached Shell in SN 2001em
Authors: Chandra Poonam , Chevalier Roger A. , Chugai Nikolai , Milisavljevic Dan , Fransson Claes 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We carry out a comprehensive analysis of supernova SN 2001em covering a period of 19 yr since discovery. SN 2001em is the oldest supernova known to have undergone a metamorphosis from a stripped envelope to an interacting supernova. An early spectrum indicates it exploded as a Type Ib supernova. Later, the ejecta caught up with a dense circumstellar H-shell, ejected a few thousand years before the explosion, triggering interaction between the supernova ejecta and the dense shell, producing radio, X-ray, and Hα emission. We use archival data with the Very Large Array in radio bands and with Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Swift-XRT in X-ray bands, along with published Hα measurements. We combine these data with our low radio frequency observations with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope at two epochs covering three frequencies. While the observations missed the phase when the shock entered the dense shell, the X-rays indicate that the shock came out of the dense shell at around 1750 days. The data suggest a forward shock origin of the X-ray emission. Radio data show a spectral inversion at late epochs (

days) at around 3 GHz, which mimics the properties of the central absorbed component seen in SN 1986J. A possible explanation for this component is that the progenitor of SN 2001em was a massive binary system that had undergone a period of common-envelope evolution. The hydrogen envelope from the SN 2001em progenitor may have been lost as a result of binary interaction.
Mapping the Escape Fraction of Ionizing Photons Using Resolved Stars: A Much Higher Escape Fraction for NGC 4214
Authors: Choi Yumi , Dalcanton Julianne J. , Williams Benjamin F. , Skillman Evan D. , Fouesneau Morgan , Gordon Karl D. , Sandstrom Karin M. , Weisz Daniel R. , Gilbert Karoline M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We demonstrate a new method for measuring the escape fraction of ionizing photons using Hubble Space Telescope imaging of resolved stars in NGC 4214, a local analog of high-redshift starburst galaxies that are thought to be responsible for cosmic reionization. Specifically, we forward model the UV through near-IR spectral energy distributions of ∼83,000 resolved stars to infer their individual ionizing flux outputs. We constrain the local escape fraction by comparing the number of ionizing photons produced by stars to the number that are either absorbed by dust or consumed by ionizing the surrounding neutral hydrogen in individual star-forming regions. We find substantial spatial variation in the escape fraction (0%–40%). Integrating over the entire galaxy yields a global escape fraction of

25

−
15

+
16

%. This value is much higher than previous escape fractions of zero reported for this galaxy. We discuss the sources of this apparent tension and demonstrate that the viewing angle and 3D interstellar medium geometric effects are the cause. If we assume that NGC 4214 has no internal dust, like many high-redshift galaxies, we find an escape fraction of 59% (an upper limit for NGC 4214). This is the first nonzero escape fraction measurement for UV-faint (M

FUV

= −15.9) galaxies at any redshift and supports the idea that starburst UV-faint dwarf galaxies can provide a sufficient number of ionizing photons to the intergalactic medium.
Local Simulations of Heating Torques on a Luminous Body in an Accretion Disk
Authors: Hankla Amelia M. , Jiang 姜燕 Yan-Fei 飞 , Armitage Philip J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A luminous body embedded in an accretion disk can generate asymmetric density perturbations that lead to a net torque and thus orbital migration of the body. Linear theory has shown that this heating torque gives rise to a migration term linear in the body’s mass that can oppose or even reverse that arising from the sum of gravitational Lindblad and co-orbital torques. We use high-resolution local three-dimensional shearing sheet simulations of a zero-mass test particle in an unstratified disk to assess the accuracy and domain of applicability of the linear theory. We find agreement between analytic and simulation results to better than 10% in the low-luminosity, low thermal conductivity regime but measure deviations in both the nonlinear (high-luminosity) and high thermal conductivity regimes. In the nonlinear regime, linear theory overpredicts the acceleration due to the heating torque, potentially due to the neglect of nonlinear terms in the heat flux. In the high thermal conductivity regime, linear theory underpredicts the acceleration, which scales with a power-law index of −1 rather than −3/2, although here both nonlinear and computational constraints play a role. We discuss the impact of the heating torque for the evolution of low-mass planets in protoplanetary disks and massive stars or accreting compact objects embedded in active galactic nucleus disks. For the latter case, we show that the thermal torque is likely to be the dominant physical effect at disk radii where the optical depth drops below

.
Trouble au pays des objets : adolescence et bisexualité
Authors: Morel Alexandre 
Published: October 2020

La psychothérapie d’une adolescente par le psychodrame psychanalytique questionne le statut des personnages de fiction issus des figurations scéniques. Le renouvellement d’un lien tolérable aux objets mis à mal par le repli narcissique est souligné tout comme l’intérêt des objets singuliers que véhiculent les fantasmes de « bisexualité psychique » et de « scène primitive ». La mobilité des places qu’ils permettent constituent un soutien à l’entreprise adolescente de séparation et d’individuation.
Troubles sur la réalité
Authors: Louët Estelle 
Published: October 2020

À partir de la psychothérapie d’un adolescent de quinze ans, l’auteure propose une réflexion théorique et clinique sur la fonction de l’hallucinatoire et ses destins. Lorsque le Moi n’éprouve plus l’image hallucinatoire comme fausse, celle-ci se dote d’un pouvoir de réalisation brouillant les limites de la perception. Quand l’hallucinatoire n’est plus potentialité créatrice mais projection persécutrice, de quelles forces le transfert se charge-t-il ?
L’acte transgressif et son interprétation
Authors: Savinaud Claude 
Published: October 2020

Dans le contexte sociétal, la clinique actuelle et sa violence interrogent le rôle du processus interprétatif de la cure analytique. Le rêve de pureté d’un acte intemporel qui rejoint l’abstraction esthétique du psychanalyste, devrait se confronter à la nécessité d’une figuration qui procède de cette manière de « faire avec » le nouage du symptôme. Il s’agit d’en suivre pas à pas les trajectoires, d’en repérer les traces imaginaires, réelles et symboliques et ce qui les fait tenir ensemble.
« L’hallucination paradoxale » au cœur de la « réalité virtuelle »
Authors: Bergami G. Barbosa Pablo 
Published: October 2020

Dans une perspective d’« anthropologie psychanalytique », deux phénomènes sont analysés ici, l’un social et l’autre clinique, qui éclairent une logique culturelle contemporaine : le « virtuel ». À travers des regards croisés entre le phénomène de retrait pathologique de la vie sociale nommé « hikokimori » et le mouvement philosophique et scientifique du « Transhumanisme », l’auteur tente de mettre en évidence l’importance de l’« hallucination paradoxale » au sein des dispositifs libidinaux propres à la « culture numérique ».
Pentacam Scheimpflug Tomography Findings in Chinese Patients With Different Corneal Diameters
Authors: Ding Lan , Wang Jifang , Niu Lingling , Shi Wanru , Qian Yishan 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE:
To investigate the Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte) Scheimpflug tomography findings in Chinese patients with different corneal diameters.

METHODS:
This prospective cross-sectional study included candidates for correction of myopia with normal tomography (ABCD keratoconus grading system, stage 0). The participants were grouped according to their horizontal corneal diameters. Pentacam ectasia detection indices were compared between different corneal diameter–based groups.

RESULTS:

A total of 643 eyes were included (corneal diameter ⩽ 11 mm, n = 206; 11 to 12 mm, n = 219; ⩾ 12 mm, n = 218). The corneal powers and the thinnest pachymetry were negatively correlated with corneal diameter (linear regression analysis,
P
< .001). However, the corneal astigmatism was positively correlated with corneal diameter (
R
2
= 0.03,
P
< .001). Both the front (FE) and back (BE) elevations were negatively correlated with corneal diameter (FE:
R
2
= 0.027,
P
< .001; BE: R
2
= 0.274,
P
< .001). The three pachymetric progression indices (PPI) (minimum, maximum, and average) were negatively correlated with corneal diameter (PPImin:
R
2
= 0.164,
P
< .001; PPImax:
R
2
= 0.06,
P
< .001; PPIavg:
R
2
= 0.158,
P
< .001). The maximum Ambrósio's relational thickness (ARTmax) also was positively correlated with corneal diameter (
R
2
= 0.031,
P
< .001). Five normalized indices were negatively correlated with corneal diameter (deviation of normality of the front elevation [Df]:
R
2
= 0.122,
P
< .001; deviation of normality of the back elevation [Db]:
R
2
= 0.47,
P
< .001; deviation of normality of pachymetric progression [Dp]:
R
2
= 0.159,
P
< .001; deviation of normality of relational thickness [Da]:
R
2
= .031,
P
< .001; Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia display:
R
2
= 0.32,
P
< .001) and Dt was positively correlated with corneal diameter (
R
2
= 0.015,
P
= .002). Additionally, it was noted that corneal diameter had the greatest influence on Db, Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia display (BAD-D), and BE.

CONCLUSIONS:
Corneal diameter has an influence on the BAD parameters, especially Db, BAD-D, and BE, and therefore should be incorporated as an additional variable in BAD analysis. The analytical dimensions should be individualized for eyes with individual corneal diameter.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(10):688–695.]
Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments Implantation and Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty for Coexisting Keratoconus and Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy
Authors: Bertino Pedro , Magalhães Renata Soares , Criado Guilherme Garcia , Novais Gustavo Amorim , Ambrósio Renato , Santhiago Marcony R. 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE:
To report two cases of coexisting keratoconus and Fuchs endothelial dystrophy treated with intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) implantation and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

METHODS:
Two patients with coexisting keratoconus and Fuchs endothelial dystrophy underwent ICRS implantation and DMEK, in a two-stage procedure. Follow-up evaluation included Scheimpflug tomography and optical coherence tomography.

RESULTS:
In both cases, ICRS implantation improved corneal topography and DMEK restored normal corneal thickness. Corrected distance visual acuity improved from 20/100 to 20/30 and from 20/60 to 20/25. Urrets-Zavalía syndrome was diagnosed in one case and addressed with colored contact lens fitting.

CONCLUSIONS:
Low vision resulting from coexisting keratoconus and Fuchs endothelial dystrophy might be addressed more selectively with posterior lamellar keratoplasty and ICRS implantation. Urrets-Zavalía syndrome must be considered a possible complication after DMEK, especially in patients with keratoconus.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(10):703–706.]
Jakob Müller, jezikoslovec in slovarnik – sedemdesetletnik
Authors: Humar Marjeta 
Published: October 2020

Leta 2011 je praznoval sedemdesetletnico naš sodelavec in prijatelj Jakob Müller. Rodil se je 1. marca 1941 na Grosupljem. Leta 1968 je diplomiral iz slavistike na Filozofski fakulteti v Ljubljani. Leta 1970 je postal asistent v leksikološki sekciji Inštituta za slovenski jezik, ki je takrat spadal neposredno k Slovenski akademiji znanosti in umetnosti. Leta 1976 je bil izvoljen v naziv višji strokovni sodelavec, leta 1985 v naziv strokovni svetnik, leta 1994 pa je postal strokovni sodelavec s specializacijo. Od julija 1982 do izdaje zadnje knjige je bil urednik in član glavnega uredniškega odbora Slovarja slovenskega knjižnega jezika (SSKJ). Ob zaključku SSKJ ga je odlikoval takratni predsednik države Milan Kučan, vendar Jakob Müller
odlikovanja nekdanjega komunističnega funkcionarja ni sprejel.
Role of Tunneling Nanotube–like Structures during the Early Events of HIV Infection: Novel Features of Tissue Compartmentalization and Mechanism of HIV Spread
Authors: Okafo George , Valdebenito Silvana , Donoso Maribel , Luu Ross , Ajasin David , Prideaux Brendan , Gorantla Santhi , Eugenin Eliseo A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
HIV has become a chronic disease despite the effective use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the mechanisms of tissue colonization, viral evolution, generation of viral reservoirs, and compartmentalization are still a matter of debate due to the challenges involved in examining early events of infection at the cellular and molecular level. Thus, there is still an urgent need to explore these areas to develop effective HIV cure strategies. In this study, we describe the early events of tissue colonization and compartmentalization as well as the role of tunneling nanotube–like structures during viral spread in the presence and absence of effective antiretroviral treatment. To examine these mechanisms, NOD/SCID IL-2 RG−/− humanized mice were either directly infected with HIVADA or with low numbers of HIVADA–infected leukocytes to limit tissue colonization in the presence and absence of TAK779, an effective CCR5 blocker of HIV entry. We identify that viral seeding in tissues occurs early in a tissue- and cell type–specific manner (24–72 h). Reduction in systemic HIV replication by TAK779 treatment did not affect tissue seeding or spreading, despite reduced systemic viral replication. Tissue-associated HIV-infected cells had different properties than cells in the circulation because the virus continues to spread in tissues in a tunneling nanotube–like structure–dependent manner, despite ART. Thus, understanding these mechanisms can provide new approaches to enhance the efficacy of existing ART and HIV infection cure strategies.
Trainees' Perceptions of the Transition From Medical School to Residency
Authors: Bell Sarah G. , Kobernik Emily K. , Burk-Rafel Jesse , Hughes David T. , Schiller Jocelyn , Heidemann Lauren A. , Morgan Helen K. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
There is emerging evidence that learners may be suboptimally prepared for the expectations of residency. In order to address these concerns, many medical schools are implementing residency preparation courses (RPCs).

Objective
We aimed to determine trainees' perceptions of their transition to residency and whether they felt that they benefited from participation in an RPC.

Methods
All residents and fellows at the University of Michigan (n = 1292) received an electronic survey in July 2018 that queried respondents on demographics, whether medical school had prepared them for intern year, and whether they had participated in an RPC.

Results
The response rate was 44% (563 of 1292) with even distribution across gender and postgraduate years (PGYs). Most (78%, 439 of 563) felt that medical school prepared them well for intern year. There were no differences in reported preparedness for intern year across PGY, age, gender, or specialty. Overall, 28% (156 of 563) of respondents participated in an RPC and endorsed feeling prepared for intern year, which was more than RPC non-participants (85% [133 of 156] vs 70% [306 of 439], P = .029). Participation in longer RPCs was also associated with higher perceived preparedness for residency.

Conclusions
This study found that residents from multiple specialties reported greater preparedness for residency if they participated in a medical school fourth-year RPC, with greater perceptions of preparedness for longer duration RPCs, which may help to bridge the medical school to residency gap.
Distribution and molecular analysis of Blastocystis subtypes from gastrointestinal symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in Iran
Authors: Delshad Asma , Saraei Mehrzad , Ali Alizadeh Safar , Rahimi Niaraki Soheila , Alipour Mahmood , Hosseinbigi Bahram , Bozorgomid Arezoo , Hajialilo Elham 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Blastocystis is a common intestinal parasite of human and animal hosts. The parasite has 17 subtypes, and among those at least nine subtypes (ST1-ST9) are found in human hosts.
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of different subtypes of Blastocystis spp. among the patients referred to Velayat hospital of Qazvin province, Iran.
Methods: Overall, 864 stool samples were examined by using formalin-ethyl acetate concentration method and Trichrome staining. All specimens were cultured in clotted fetal bovine medium. Later, DNA extraction and PCR amplification of 18S ribosomal RNA gene region was conducted and phylogenetic tree constructed.
Results: The results revealed 7.9% (68/864) of the study population were infected with Blastocystis. Intestinal symptoms were observed in 61% (36/59) of individuals positive for Blastocystis, with abdominal pain in 58% (21/36) of cases which was more frequent than other intestinal signs. No significant relationship was observed among the study variables. By molecular and phylogenetic analysis, three subtypes ST1 (45%), ST2 (30%) and ST3 (23%) of parasite were identified.
Conclusion: This study showed ST1 subtype was the predominant subtype among the positive specimens, meanwhile the highest haplotype and nucleotide diversity were clarified in ST3 subtype.
Keywords: Blastocystis, subtype, Phylogenetic analysis, Iran.
Mental and personality disorders in infertile women with polycystic ovary: a case-control study
Authors: Ahmadi Mostafa , Faramarzi Mahbobeh , Basirat Zahra , Kheirkhah Farzan , Chehrazi Mohammad , Ashabi Fatemeh 
Published: October 2020

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of infertility in women.
Objective: The current study investigated mental and personality disorders in infertile women with and without PCOS.
Methods: This case-control study evaluated 400 infertile women who referred to the Infertility Center in Babol city (North of Iran). Participants were categorized into the case group (201 PCOS) and the control group (199 without PCOS). All of the participants completed the Millon Clinical Multi-axial Inventory-III (MCMI-III).
Results: The mean scores for clinical personality patterns were significantly higher for six personality disorders (schiz- oid, avoidant, antisocial, depressive, sadistic, and negativistic) and for three classes of severe personality disorder patterns (schizotypal, borderline, and paranoid) in infertile women with PCOS than in women without PCOS. The mean scores for eight clinical disorders (somatoform, manic disorder, dysthymia, alcohol-dependence, drug-dependence, post-trauma stress disorder, major depression, and delusion disorder) were also higher in infertile women with PCOS than in women without PCOS.
Conclusion: The scores of many mental and personality disorders are higher in infertile women with PCOS than in women without PCOS. Thus, clinicians should prioritize recognizing and treating psychological problems of infertile women with PCOS.
Keywords: Polycystic ovarian syndrome; infertility; personality disorders.
Nephroprotective effect of methanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on acute kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats
Authors: Stephen Akinrinde Akinleye , Oduwole Olusegun , Joseph Akinrinmade Fadeyemi , Bolawaye Bolaji-Alabi Folusho 
Published: October 2020

Background: Moringa oleifera is known to exhibit protection against oxidative damage due to its rich content of compounds with antioxidant activity. This study investigated the protective effect of the methanol extract of Moringa oleifera (MO) in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury.
Methods: Forty two wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups of seven rats each, as follows: A, control group; B, sham-operated group; C, IR group; D, IR + low dose (200 mg/kg) MO; E, IR + high dose (400 mg/kg) MO and F, IR + Vitamin C (200 mg/kg). Unilateral ischaemia was induced by occluding the left renal artery for 45 minutes followed by rep- erfusion up to 24 hours.
Results: Moringa oleifera significantly (p<0.05) ameliorated IR-induced increases in malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbon- yls (PC) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), while also decreasing serum BUN and Creatinine levels. More- over, the low dose of MO caused reductions in renal NO and H2O2 levels, while increasing renal GPx and GST activities. Histopathology revealed marked improvement of tissue alterations induced by IR with both doses of MO.
Conclusion: Overall, the methanol extract of M. oleifera effectively attenuated the deleterious effects of renal IR via allevi- ation of tissue oxidative stress.
Keywords: Oxidative stress; ischaemia-reperfusion; Moringa oleifera; kidneys; antioxidants.
From genes polymorphisms to mucosal expression of cytokines: evaluating IL-23/IL-17 axis in adult patients with gastritis
Authors: Azadegan-Dehkordi Fatemeh , Abbasi Ardeshir , Talebi Bezmin Abadi Amin , Minooie Khaled , Aslani Parya , Sadat Hosseini Razieh , Zandi Farid 
Published: October 2020

Background and Objective: Chronic inflammation is the typical sign of gastritis that may shift into gastric cancer. IL- 17A and IL-17F as a novel inflammatory cytokines subset of CD4+Th play the main role in inflammation. A key cytokine receptor in the inflammatory IL-17/IL-23 axis, the interleukin 23 receptor (IL23R), may be related to gastritis. We evaluated the correspondence between IL-17A G197A, IL-17F A7488G and IL23R+2199 A/C polymorphisms with TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-17, IL-21 and IL-23 mucosal mRNAs expression in uninfected H. Pylori (HP) chronic gastritis patients.
Materials and Methods: Total RNA and genomic DNA were separated from gastric biopsies of 44 patients with gastritis. Subsequently, mucosal mRNAs expression of TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-17, IL-21 and IL-23 were assessed by real-time PCR. To polymorphisms determination of IL-17A G197A, IL-17F A7488G and IL-23R +2199A/C the PCR-RFLP was used in gastric biopsies.
Results: Results point that IL-17A G197A, IL-17F A7488G and IL23R +2199A/C polymorphisms did not influence the mucosal expression of TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-21 (p> 0.05). In an opposite result, we don’t find a correspondence between IL-17A G197A, IL-17F A7488G polymorphisms and mucosal expression of IL-23 (p> 0.05). In a contrary, we found a correlation between IL23R +2199A/C polymorphism and mucosal expression of IL-23 in patients with chronic gastritis (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: These findings propose that IL23R +2199A/C polymorphism may change the mucosal expression of IL-23 pattern in patients with gastritis disease in the absence of HP, but to support the conclusion, more research may be required.
Keywords: Cytokines; polymorphism; gastritis; IL-23, IL-17.