bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salt tectonics in a double salt‐source layer setting (Eastern Persian Gulf, Iran): Insights from interpretation of seismic profiles and sequential cross‐section restoration
Authors: Hassanpour Jafar , Yassaghi Ali , Muñoz Josep A. , Jahani Salman 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSalt tectonics in the Eastern Persian Gulf (Iran) is linked to a unique salt‐bearing system involving two overlapping ‘autochthonous’ mobile source layers, the Ediacaran–Early Cambrian Hormuz Salt and the Late Oligocene–Early Miocene Fars Salt. Interpretations of reflection seismic profiles and sequential cross‐section restorations are presented to decipher the evolution of salt structures from the two source layers and their kinematic interaction on the style of salt flow. Seismic interpretations illustrate that the Hormuz and Fars salts started flowing in the Early Palaeozoic (likely Cambrian) and Early Miocene, respectively, shortly after their deposition. Differential sedimentary loading (downbuilding) and subsalt basement faults initiated and localized the flow of the Hormuz Salt and the related salt structures. The resultant diapirs grew by passive diapirism until Late Cretaceous, whereas the pillows became inactive during the Mesozoic after a progressive decline of growth in the Late Palaeozoic. The diapirs and pillows were then subjected to a Palaeocene–Eocene contractional deformation event, which squeezed the diapirs. The consequence was significant salt extrusion, leading to the development of allochthonous salt sheets and wings. Subsequent rise of the Hormuz Salt occurred in wider salt stocks and secondary salt walls by coeval passive diapirism and tectonic shortening since Late Oligocene. Evacuation and diapirism of the Fars Salt was driven mainly by differential sedimentary loading in annular and elongate minibasins overlying the salt and locally by downslope gliding around pre‐existing stocks of the Hormuz Salt. At earlier stages, the Fars Salt flowed not only towards the pre‐existing Hormuz stocks but also away from them to initiate ring‐like salt walls and anticlines around some of the stocks. Subsequently, once primary welds developed around these stocks, the Fars Salt flowed outwards to source the peripheral salt walls. Our results reveal that evolving pre‐existing salt structures from an older source layer have triggered the flow of a younger salt layer and controlled the resulting salt structures. This interaction complicates the flow direction of the younger salt layer, the geometry and spatial distribution of its structures, as well as minibasin depocentre migration through time. Even though dealing with a unique case of two ‘autochthonous’ mobile salt layers, this work may also provide constraints on our understanding of the kinematics of salt flow and diapirism in other salt basins having significant ‘allochthonous’ salt that is coevally affected by deformation of the deeper autochthonous salt layer and related structures.
Real‐life evaluation of mepolizumab efficacy in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, according to atopic trait and allergic phenotype
Authors: Pelaia Corrado , Crimi Claudia , Pelaia Girolamo , Nolasco Santi , Campisi Raffaele , Heffler Enrico , Valenti Giuseppe , Crimi Nunzio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) monoclonal antibodies can be used as add‐on biological therapies in allergic and non‐allergic patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. However, within such a therapeutic context real‐life investigations are lacking.ObjectiveTherefore, the aim of the present observational study was to evaluate the effects of mepolizumab in allergic and non‐allergic subjects with severe eosinophilic asthma.MethodsRelevant clinical, functional, laboratory, and pharmacotherapeutic parameters were assessed in the above patient subgroups.ResultsAfter one year of add‐on biological treatment with mepolizumab, our 88 patients experienced a remarkable improvement of their severe asthma, documented by a better symptom control, expressed by a significant improvement in asthma control test (ACT) score. Indeed, the mean value (±standard deviation) of ACT score increased from 12.55 (±3.724) to 21.08 (±3.358). Moreover, significant improvements were also detected with regard to the median values (interquartile range) of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), blood eosinophil numbers, annual rate of disease exacerbations, and daily intake of oral corticosteroids (OCS). In particular, FEV1 enhanced from 1640 mL (1110‐2275) to 1920 mL (1525‐2615), blood eosinophil count dropped from 711.0 cells/μL (500.0‐1022) to 90.00 cells/μL (50.00‐117.5), the annual rate of asthma exacerbations decreased from 3.000 (2.000‐6.000) to 0.000 (0.000‐1.000), and the daily prednisone intake fell from 6.250 mg (0.000‐25.00) to 0.000 mg (0.000‐0.000). After one year of mepolizumab treatment, the improvements in clinical, functional, and haematological parameters were quite similar in patient subgroups characterized by skin prick test (SPT) negativity or positivity, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between serum IgE levels and OCS intake decrease (r = −0.2257; P < .05).Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceHence, our real‐life data suggest that mepolizumab can represent a valid add‐on therapeutic option for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, irrespective of IgE serum concentrations, and allergic sensitization.
Artificial refuges to combat habitat loss for an endangered marsupial predator: How do they measure up?
Authors: Cowan Mitchell A. , Dunlop Judy A. , Turner James M. , Moore Harry A. , Nimmo Dale G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOne technique used to combat the growing global species extinction crisis has been to create artificial refuges—human‐made replacements for natural refuges destroyed during habitat modification. However, there is limited knowledge of how closely artificial refuges replicate the natural refuges they seek to replace. Mining threatens many species worldwide through large‐scale habitat modification, and artificial refuges have been proposed as a method to offset the resulting habitat loss. Here, we examined the microclimatic, physical, and biotic characteristics of natural dens occupied by the northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus)—an endangered marsupial threatened by habitat loss—and compared these to (a) superficially similar unoccupied crevices, and (b) artificial dens created by mining companies for northern quolls. Northern quolls occupied natural dens that were cooler and deeper than unoccupied crevices, likely to avoid lethal air temperatures as well as predators. Artificial dens provided similar thermal properties to occupied dens, but lacked key characteristics in having shallower den cavities, less complex surrounding habitat, increased feral cat visitation, and less small mammal prey compared to occupied dens. This study highlights the need to consider multiple facets when constructing artificial refuges, in order to avoid perverse outcomes, such as inadequate shelter, increased predation, and food shortages.
Plateaus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis progression: results from a population‐based cohort
Authors: Vasta R. , D'Ovidio F. , Canosa A. , Manera U. , Torrieri M. C. , Grassano M. , De Marchi F. , Mazzini L. , Moglia C. , Calvo A. , Chiò A. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeThe aim was to assess the frequency of plateaus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) progression using a large population‐based cohort.MethodsData from the Piemonte and Valle d’Aosta ALS register were used. Patients who were diagnosed between 2007 and 2014 were considered. The follow‐up period was extended until 31 December 2018. Visits after tracheostomy were excluded. A plateau was defined as a stable Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale revised (ALSFRSr) score lasting at least 6, 12 or 18 months.ResultsOut of 1214 patients, 200 (16.5%), 93 (7.7%) and 52 (4.3%) showed at least one plateau lasting a minimum of 6, 12 and 18 months, respectively. Plateaus occurred mostly at high ALSFRSr scores and were more frequent during the initial phases of the disease course. Spinal onset [odds ratio (OR) 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–2.95, P value 0.01) and predominant upper motor neuron phenotype (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.36–3.48, P value 0.001) conferred a higher risk for the subsequent appearance of plateaus; conversely, older age at diagnosis (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.11–0.54, P value 0.002 for >75 year age class) reduced this risk.ConclusionsPlateaus in ALS progression lasting at least 6 months appear in about one out of six patients and could last even 12, 18 months or more in a smaller subgroup of patients. Plateau occurrence should not lead the neurologist to automatically reconsider ALS diagnosis and should be considered for future clinical trial design.
Phylogeography of silver‐studded blue, Plebejus subsolanus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), in the central mountainous regions of Japan
Authors: Ueda Shouhei , Nakatani Takatoshi , Fukumoto Masashi , Maruyama Kiyoshi , Itoh Tateo , Usami Shin‐ichi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe silver‐studded blue, Plebejus subsolanus, is widely distributed in the Russian Altai mountains, northeastern China, the Korean Peninsula, and the Japanese archipelago. In Japan, the species is distributed across wide elevation ranges from the lowlands of Hokkaido to the subalpine zone of Honshu. Current subspecies classification in Japan is as follows: ssp. iburiensis, occurring in lowland grasslands in Hokkaido; ssp. yaginus in lower mountain grasslands in Honshu; and ssp. yarigadakeanus in higher mountain grasslands in Honshu. The habitat of this species has been markedly reduced due to recent habitat destruction and land‐use changes. Here, we undertook phylogeographic analyses of two subspecies, ssp. yaginus and yarigadakeanus in the central mountainous regions of Japan, based on two mitochondrial gene sequences, in order to collect information for establishing effective conservation strategies. From 57 samples from the four mountain ranges, we obtained a haplotype network comprised of 12 haplotypes. Because of the haplotype network topology, the geographic distribution of haplotypes and the correspondence of haplotype divergence to subspecies taxonomy, we provisionally divided the haplotypes into three haplogroups: YR1 and YR2, which comprised ssp. yarigadakeanus, and YG, which comprised ssp. yaginus. Mitochondrial DNA genetic differentiation generally agreed with morphological subspecies classification. The haplotype network suggested that ssp. yarigadakeanus populations had multiple origins, and the subspecies character of “bright blue of the male's wings” was assumed to have evolved independently in each subalpine meadow. We found that P. subsolanus was genetically differentiated depending upon the elevation at each mountain region, suggesting that each haplogroup should be a conservation unit.
Skin bacterial structure of young females in China: The relationship between skin bacterial structure and facial skin types
Authors: Zheng Yumei , Liang Haiyun , Zhou Mingyue , Song Liya , He Congfen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin microbiota are involved in the skin physiological functions and are also affected by the skin physiological characteristics.ObjectiveTo better understand the skin microbial characteristics of facial cheek skin and the relationship with skin physiological characteristics.MethodsBy bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the authors studied the facial cheek skin microbial characteristics of 85 cases of young women aged 18‐25 years.ResultsHealthy young woman's cheek skin bacterial composition was relatively stable. Dry skin has high bacterial diversity and richness, and oily skin has low bacterial diversity and richness. Cutibacterium was significantly enriched in oily skin and was significantly negatively correlated with other genera such as Streptococcus (r > 0.5). There were significant positive correlations among other genera of enrichment in dry and neutral skin such as Streptococcus and Rothia (r > 0.8). Skin sebum level was significantly negatively correlated with bacterial alpha diversity index. The combined abundance of Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis was significantly positively correlated with sebum secretion (r > 0.5).ConclusionsThe skin sebum secretion and bacterial interaction were the important factors driving the young females’ cheek skin bacterial community structure.
Chemical signatures of soft tissues distinguish between vertebrates and invertebrates from the Carboniferous Mazon Creek Lagerstätte of Illinois
Authors: McCoy Victoria E. , Wiemann Jasmina , Lamsdell James C. , Whalen Christopher D. , Lidgard Scott , Mayer Paul , Petermann Holger , Briggs Derek E. G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe chemical composition of fossil soft tissues is a potentially powerful and yet underutilized tool for elucidating the affinity of problematic fossil organisms. In some cases, it has proven difficult to assign a problematic fossil even to the invertebrates or vertebrates (more generally chordates) based on often incompletely preserved morphology alone, and chemical composition may help to resolve such questions. Here, we use in situ Raman microspectroscopy to investigate the chemistry of a diverse array of invertebrate and vertebrate fossils from the Pennsylvanian Mazon Creek Lagerstätte of Illinois, and we generate a ChemoSpace through principal component analysis (PCA) of the in situ Raman spectra. Invertebrate soft tissues characterized by chitin (polysaccharide) fossilization products and vertebrate soft tissues characterized by protein fossilization products plot in completely separate, non‐overlapping regions of the ChemoSpace, demonstrating the utility of certain soft tissue molecular signatures as biomarkers for the original soft tissue composition of fossil organisms. The controversial problematicum Tullimonstrum, known as the Tully Monster, groups with the vertebrates, providing strong evidence of a vertebrate rather than invertebrate affinity.
Nutrients and water availability constrain the seasonality of vegetation activity in a Mediterranean ecosystem
Authors: Luo Yunpeng , El‐Madany Tarek , Ma Xuanlong , Nair Richard , Jung Martin , Weber Ulrich , Filippa Gianluca , Bucher Solveig F. , Moreno Gerardo , Cremonese Edoardo , Carrara Arnaud , Gonzalez‐Cascon Rosario , Cáceres Escudero Yonatan , Galvagno Marta , Pacheco‐Labrador Javier , Martín M. Pilar , Perez‐Priego Oscar , Reichstein Markus , Richardson Andrew D. , Menzel Annette , Römermann Christine , Migliavacca Mirco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and resulting differences in ecosystem N and phosphorus (P) ratios are expected to impact photosynthetic capacity, that is, maximum gross primary productivity (GPPmax). However, the interplay between N and P availability with other critical resources on seasonal dynamics of ecosystem productivity remains largely unknown. In a Mediterranean tree–grass ecosystem, we established three landscape‐level (24 ha) nutrient addition treatments: N addition (NT), N and P addition (NPT), and a control site (CT). We analyzed the response of ecosystem to altered nutrient stoichiometry using eddy covariance fluxes measurements, satellite observations, and digital repeat photography. A set of metrics, including phenological transition dates (PTDs; timing of green‐up and dry‐down), slopes during green‐up and dry‐down period, and seasonal amplitude, were extracted from time series of GPPmax and used to represent the seasonality of vegetation activity. The seasonal amplitude of GPPmax was higher for NT and NPT than CT, which was attributed to changes in structure and physiology induced by fertilization. PTDs were mainly driven by rainfall and exhibited no significant differences among treatments during the green‐up period. Yet, both fertilized sites senesced earlier during the dry‐down period (17–19 days), which was more pronounced in the NT due to larger evapotranspiration and water usage. Fertilization also resulted in a faster increase in GPPmax during the green‐up period and a sharper decline in GPPmax during the dry‐down period, with less prominent decline response in NPT. Overall, we demonstrated seasonality of vegetation activity was altered after fertilization and the importance of nutrient–water interaction in such water‐limited ecosystems. With the projected warming‐drying trend, the positive effects of N fertilization induced by N deposition on GPPmax may be counteracted by an earlier and faster dry‐down in particular in areas where the N:P ratio increases, with potential impact on the carbon cycle of water‐limited ecosystems.
Gluten‐free pasta production from banana and cassava flours with egg white protein and soy protein addition
Authors: Rachman Adetiya , Brennan Margaret A. , Morton James , Brennan Charles S. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryEgg white protein and soy protein were incorporated into a banana and cassava flour blend (75:25) to produce gluten‐free pasta. The objectives of study were to investigate the effects of the different protein sources on the physico‐chemical properties of gluten‐free pasta. The levels of protein inclusion were 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% of composite flour (w/w) for each type of protein. Pasta made from 100% durum wheat semolina was used as controls. The protein fortification affected the total starch, resistant starch and protein content of gluten‐free pasta compared to semolina pasta. No significant effects of soy/egg white protein addition were found in either insoluble or soluble dietary fibre content. Cooking properties of pasta (optimum cooking time, swelling index, water adsorption index and cooking loss) and texture properties (firmness and extensibility) were affected by the level of protein addition and the type of protein. Results showed the utilisation of 25% cassava flour and protein inclusion have a promising application in gluten‐free pasta production.
Improving storability, physiological disorders, and antioxidant properties of ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’Anjou’ pears (Pyrus communisL.) by pre‐harvest 1‐methylcyclopropene spraying
Authors: Li Yingli , Zhang Shaoying , Dong Yu 
Published: April 2020

SummaryEthylene continues to be a major factor influencing quality of European pears during storage. Although research has been done on the effect of pre‐harvest 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) on physiological characteristics in pears, a full understanding of cultivar response and antioxidant metabolism remains elusive. Spraying 1‐MCP on ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’Anjou’ pears was studied with respect to physiology, storage and eating quality, disorders, and antioxidant properties at two harvest date (H1 and H2) during storage and ripening. Treatment with 1‐MCP extended the harvest window of ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’Anjou’ pears 3 and 4 days, respectively, without reducing storage or eating quality. Treatment with 1‐MCP reduced ethylene production (EPR) and respiration rates (RR), maintained fruit firmness and green colour during storage and retarded development of desirable melting texture in both cultivars. Additionally, 1‐MCP lowered the incidence of disorders by alleviating membrane lipid peroxidation, retaining high total flavonoids (TF) and antioxidant capacity, and enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in both cultivars. Overall, pre‐harvest 1‐MCP applications could extend storage time of ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’Anjou’ pears to 5 and 6 months, respectively, at −1.1 ± 0.5 °C, by reducing ethylene synthesis and enhancing antioxidant metabolism.
Mobile applications for managing symptoms of patients with cancer at home: A scoping review
Authors: Putranto Dian , Rochmawati Erna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundEducation plays an important role in cancer symptom management for patients and their families. With the advancement of information and communication technology, there may be additional evidence for the use of mobile apps to support patient and family education.PurposeThe purpose of this review was to explore and synthesize scientific literature about cancer symptom management mobile apps that can be used by patients and their families.MethodsThis review adopted a scoping review study framework, using electronic databases including EBSCO, PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Google Scholar using search keywords: ‘caregiver family’, ‘mobile application’, ‘symptom management’ and ‘palliative care’. Of a total of 2633 papers found, 11 papers were selected.FindingsAssessment tools are a major component of mobile apps in reporting and assessing symptoms to provide appropriate education. The information in mobile apps is delivered through various mediums that include modules, videos, avatars and cultural integration features.ConclusionMobile apps can improve provision of palliative care in several ways, most importantly by increasing the knowledge of the patient's family to manage cancer symptoms. Nurses are expected to play an active role in finding and utilizing appropriate mobile apps to assist families in managing a patient's symptoms at home.
Renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma: Incidence in a Japanese cohort and diagnostic utility of diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kaneko Kasumi , Yoshida Soichiro , Yamamoto Kouhei , Arita Yuki , Kijima Toshiki , Yokoyama Minato , Ishioka Junichiro , Matsuoka Yoh , Saito Kazutaka , Fujii Yasuhisa 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo show the epidemiological characteristics of epithelioid angiomyolipoma in a Japanese population, and to establish the preoperative diagnosis method of epithelioid angiomyolipoma.MethodsAmong the 855 tumors of patients who underwent partial/radical nephrectomy or renal biopsy for presumed renal cell carcinoma between 2007 and 2018, 39 renal tumors were diagnosed as nonclassical angiomyolipoma, including epithelioid angiomyolipoma and fat‐poor angiomyolipoma. We retrospectively evaluated the incidence of epithelioid angiomyolipoma. Furthermore, we analyzed computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging results, including diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging findings of epithelioid angiomyolipoma and fat‐poor angiomyolipoma.ResultsThe incidence of epithelioid angiomyolipoma (n = 7) was 17.9% of surgically resected non‐classical angiomyolipoma. The radiological appearance of epithelioid angiomyolipoma was hyperattenuating on unenhanced computed tomography images with iso or low intensity on T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient value of the solid component in epithelioid angiomyolipoma was significantly lower than that in fat‐poor angiomyolipoma (median 0.79 × 10−3 vs 1.07 × 10−3 mm2/s, P = 0.0019).ConclusionsThe proportion of epithelioid angiomyolipoma in our Japanese cohort was equivalent to that of the reported series in the USA. The apparent diffusion coefficient value is potentially useful to differentiate between epithelioid angiomyolipoma and fat‐poor angiomyolipoma. Further research is required to establish the imaging diagnostic criteria for epithelioid angiomyolipoma.