bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of variation characteristics of runoff at multi-time scales under the influence of reservoir
Authors: Yan B , Zhang X , Chen Y B , Yao L Q , Huang F , Chen Q H , Gao Q S , Zhang L G , Guo L D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Reservoirs play a significant role in changing the natural hydrological conditions. This paper studies the change characteristics of runoff fluctuation caused by the Gangkouwan Reservoir in Shuiyangjiang River, and collects the hourly flow data from two hydrological stations upstream and downstream of the reservoir. Through the comparison of the uneven coefficient (CV
) and concentration degree (Cd
) of the two stations, reflect the impact of the reservoir on runoff changes at two-time scales of intra-annual and intra-month. The results shown the Gangkouwan Station has significant changes in runoff distribution at intra-annual and intra-month scales, affected by the reservoir. For the intra-month runoff, the runoff process at Gangkouwan Station is more uniform than Hulesi station in the flood season, because the reservoir has to store water. In the dry season, the opposite is realized, because the reservoir needs to discharge water to generate electricity. This paper is more conducive to deepening the understanding of the impact of reservoir operations on hydrological processes.
The circulation and salt stratification over the south branch of the Yangtze estuary
Authors: Li L J , Zhang W , Zheng J H , Xu Y W 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The hydrodynamics of China’s Yangtze Estuary is very complicated, due to highly irregular bathymetry, large freshwater discharge from the Yangtze River, strong tidal currents, large salinity gradients and strong interaction between the river and sea waters. Oceanographic measurements were made over the lower part of the Yangtze Estuary (the South Branch of the Yangtze Estuary) to examine the circulation structure and intra-tidal variability of salinity. The least-squares fit to main harmonics was made to explore the sub-tidal circulation. The observed ADCP currents were decomposed into the along-channel and cross-channel velocity to examine the spatial and temporal variability of circulation in the region.The observed study in the 2005 wet season and the 2009 dry season in different channels showed that the tidal straining effect is a major forcing mechanism on salinity stratification and sub-tidal circulation of the Yangtze Estuary. The tidal straining induced circulation was found to be equally important as the classical gravitational circulation in the Yangtze Estuary. This played an important role in maintaining semi-diurnal periodic salinity stratification in the region.
Reliability analysis of micro grid based on load control of electric vehicle
Authors: Chen Jiachao , Chen Xu , Ye Linhao , Huang Tingcheng , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
With the development of renewable energy technologies, microgrid with distributed energy as the main energy source develops rapidly. As a kind of controllable load, electric vehicles can make up for the impact on the microgrid when they are connected to the microgrid in large quantities, so as to avoid load cutting due to insufficient power generation. In this paper, the reliability of microgrid island operation with wind power generation is studied based on the control strategy of electric vehicle. Firstly, the minimum peak load model of electric vehicles is established to evaluate the regulatory potential of electric vehicles during the island operation of microgrid. Secondly, the source-load-storage joint control strategy of microgrid with power supply reliability is proposed. Then, based on Monte Carlo simulation, a microgrid reliability assessment method based on the minimum peak load model of electric vehicles is proposed. Finally, a numerical simulation is carried out through the modified RBTS Bus6 F4 feeder system. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and strategy.
The use of phase shift angle (PSA) on double stage savonius wind rotor with three points configuration semi-elliptical blade shape
Authors: Sampurno Carolus Borromeus Krishna , Dwi Prija Tjahjana D D , Hadi S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Installation of wind turbines as power plants in tall buildings in urban areas can be an alternative energy source. However, urban areas usually have erratic wind conditions. Savonius wind turbines can choose because they have several advantages than the others such as able to rotate at low and variable wind speeds, simple construction, low production costs, and high starting torque. However, the Savonius turbine had a disadvantage of low efficiency. This study was carried out experimentally to study the performance of double stage Savonius wind turbine using a phase shift angle (PSA) and semi-elliptical blade shape with three-point configuration. This turbine used two blades, and the use of double stages done by stacking two turbines. The use of wind tunnels as a source of wind was carried out for data variations., The turbines adjusted with PSA 00, 300, 450, 600 before testing. The test results showed that the use of a phase shift angle on a turbine with this semi-elliptical blade affects turbine performance.
Reusability of Fe-modified MMT nanomembranes and the retrieval of the adsorbed mercury metal
Authors: Lodo M J , Diaz L J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Determining the applicability of a wastewater treatment procedure is dependent on its efficiency and cost-effectivity. The main objective of this study is to establish the reusability of Fe-modified MMT nanomembrane when utilized as adsorbent material for wastewaters containing mercury in complex with cyanide in aqueous solutions. Three cycles of adsorption-elution runs were done on the nanomembranes and the mercury (Hg) concentrations in the wastewaters (initial, after adsorption, after elution) were analyzed using HD XRF. Results showed that there was no substantial difference in the adsorption efficiencies for the first two (2) cycles (37.61% and 35.69%). Using 0.01M acetic acid as eluate, the nanomembranes were observed to be reusable twice before the nanomembranes become extensively degraded. In addition, precipitation was employed to retrieve the Hg from the eluates. One (1) g as-received and grinded (150–500μm) sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) precipitants were used and it was established that, after 24 h, the precipitant with finer particle sizes was able to retrieve higher amounts of Hg (as-received:59% vs grinded:87.27%). Moreover, increasing the amount of the grinded Na2S2O3 to 5g resulted to better Hg recovery (89.47%). Further analysis on the derived precipitates also confirmed the presence of Hg (19.90ppm for red precipitates; 24.73ppm for black precipitates).
Cr(VI) removal from synthetic wastewater by amine functionalized SiO2: pH, Isotherm and kinetic studies
Authors: Yang Ting , Han Caiyun , Tang Jie , Luo Yongming 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of the utilization of amine functionalized SiO2 as an adsorbent for removing Cr(VI). The structure property of adsorbent was characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, XPS, SEM and CO2-TPD. The maximum adsorption capacity of amine functionalized SiO2 was 27.78 mg/g at initial pH=2, which calculated by Langmuir isotherm model. But SiO2 does not have the ability to adsorb Cr(VI) before functionalized. Additionally, the adsorption can be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which illustrated that the “surface reaction” was the controlling step in adsorption process. From the result of CO2-TPD and adsorption energy, the electrostatic attraction between Cr(VI) species and protonated amine or hydroxyl group were regards as mainly adsorption mechanism.
Green Surface Modifier for Coirdust Waste in Cement Composite
Authors: Lorana John L. , Ortinero Cesar V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the use of sodium silicate as surface modifier for coir dust waste in cement composite. The improvement of interfacial bond between the lignocellulosic coir dust material and cement matrix could increase potential application of coir dust waste in civil industry, an added value and a solution to its disposal problem. A coir dust-cement composite was produced using a ratio of 1:.0.11:0.75 by weight of cement (cement: coir dust: water). The specimen sizes of 50mmx50mmx100mm for compression and 50mmx50mmx250mm for modulus of rupture were prepared in triplicate and tested using Universal testing machine. Sodium silicate significantly improved compressive and flexural strength and effectively reduced sorption properties of the coir dust cement composite. Based on the mechanical properties test, produced composite was suitable for light weight construction material.
Quantifying the structure and dynamics of fish shoals under predation threat in three dimensions
Authors: Romenskyy Maksym , Herbert-Read James E , Ioannou Christos C , Szorkovszky Alex , Ward Ashley J W , Sumpter David J T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Detailed quantifications of how predators and their grouping prey interact in three dimensions (3D) remain rare. Here we record the structure and dynamics of fish shoals (Pseudomugil signifer) in 3D both with and without live predators (Philypnodon grandiceps) under controlled laboratory conditions. Shoals adopted two distinct types of shoal structure: “sphere-like” geometries at depth and flat “carpet-like” structures at the water’s surface, with shoals becoming more compact in both horizontal and vertical planes in the presence of a predator. The predators actively stalked and attacked the prey, with attacks being initiated when the shoals were not in their usual configurations. These attacks caused the shoals to break apart, but shoal reformation was rapid and involved individuals adjusting their positions in both horizontal and vertical dimensions. Our analyses revealed that targeted prey were more isolated from other conspecifics, and were closer in terms of distance and direction to the predator compared to non-targeted prey. Moreover, which prey were targeted could largely be identified based on individuals’ positions from a single plane. This highlights that previously proposed 2D theoretical models and their assumptions appear valid when considering how predators target groups in 3D. Our work provides experimental, and not just anecdotal, support for classic theoretical predictions and also lends new insights into predatory–prey interactions in three-dimensional environments.
A case study of new approaches to address health inequalities: Due North five years on
Authors: Johnstone Paul W 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
When local councils took on responsibility for public health in England in 2013, leaders from across the north of England met to consider the scale of the challenge. As a result, Public Health England commissioned the Due North Report which outlined new approaches in tackling health inequalities. This second paper outlines what has been learnt in five years as a case study. This includes influencing devolution deals and new elected city mayors, planning for economic growth in deprived areas and developing community asset-based approaches. The paper outlines a new framework for place-based planning to reduce health inequalities.

Sources of data
Data was gathered from annual reports from north of England directors of public health, Office for National Statistics, Public Health England’s fingertips database and regional and national publications and strategies such as the Northern Powerhouse.

Areas of agreement
Devolution to English cities and councils as ‘places’ is a new opportunity to address local needs and inequalities. Due North has supported a new public health narrative which locates health action in the most fundamental determinants—how local economies are planned, jobs created and power is to be transferred to communities and connects reducing years of premature ill health to increased economic productivity. Community asset approaches to empower local leaders and entrepreneurs can be effective ways to achieve change.

Areas of controversy
The north–south divide in health is not closing and may be worsening. Different ways of working between local government, health and business sectors can inhibit in working together and with communities.

Growing points
Place-based working with devolved powers can help move away from top down and silo working, empower local government and support communities. Linking policies on health inequalities to economic planning can address upstream determinants such as poverty, homelessness and unsafe environments.

Areas timely for developing research
More research is needed on; (i) addressing inequalities at scale for interventions to influence community-led change and prosperity in deprived areas, and (ii) the impact of devolution policy on population health particularly for deprived areas and marginalised group.

Discussion and conclusions
Commissioning high profile reports like Due North is influential in supporting new approaches in reducing inequality of health through local government, elected mayors; and working with deprived communities. This second paper describes progress and lessons.
Is There a Motherhood Penalty in Academia? The Gendered Effect of Children on Academic Publications in German Sociology
Authors: Lutter Mark , Schröder Martin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBased on data that tracks curriculum vitae (CV) and publication records as well as survey information from sociologists in German academia, we examine the effects of parenthood on the publication output of male and female academics that were present in German universities or research institutes in the year 2013. Results indicate that having children leads to a significant decline in the number of publications by women on average, while not affecting the number of publications by men. However, the gendered effect of children on productivity hardly mitigates differences in publication output between men and women, as women still publish about 20 per cent less than men after controlling for the adverse effects of children on productivity. The gendered effect of childbearing depends partly on prior levels of women’s academic achievements, suggesting a mechanism of performance-driven self-selection. Lower-performing women tend to suffer a stronger motherhood penalty than better performing women, while the publication output of successful women (who have been granted academic awards) is not reduced through childbirth. The results indicate that women are better at managing the ‘double burden’ of kids and career if external, award-giving committees have bestowed prestige upon them or indicated their potential for a scientific career.
Variations in mantle lithosphere buoyancy reveal seismogenic behavior in the Sunda-Andaman subduction zone
Authors: Doo Wen-Bin , Lo Chung-Liang , Kuo-Chen Hao , Huang Yin-Sheng , Wu Wen-Nan , Hsu Shu-Kun , Wang Hsueh-Fen 
Published: November 2019

Summary
The distribution of historic earthquakes in the Sumatra subduction zone reveals, in the fore-arc region, the intense seismic activity and frequent occurrences of Mw > 8 earthquakes throughout the whole area. In contrast, the neighboring region has less dense seismicity, and no large earthquake greater than Mw8 has been observed in the Java subduction zone. Such different seismic behaviors may be due to distinct degrees of the stress accumulation and release. In this study, the strength of plate coupling inferred from mantle lithosphere buoyancy (Hm) estimation is used to explain the seismogenic behavior in the Sunda-Andaman subduction zone. Strong and weak plate coupling status are obtained in the Sumatra and Java subduction zones, respectively. These results can explain the significant differences in seismogenic behaviors in the Sunda-Andaman subduction zone. In assessing the global implications of this finding, we observe that uplifted serpentinized fore-arc mantle peridotite is the critical phenomenon in weak plate coupling cases and leads to a limit on the width of the coupling zone. Strong plate coupling can cause a relatively low gravity anomaly as well as a negative trench-parallel gravity anomaly (TPGA) in the fore-arc regions and correlates well with the occurrence of large earthquakes, whereas weak plate coupling can cause a positive TPGA and constrain the potential occurrence of large earthquakes.
The value of sponsor fit and sincerity when promoting health messages at sport and art events
Authors: Rosenberg M , Lester L , Maitland C , Teal R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Commercial companies invest in sport and arts sponsorship to align their brand with highly engaged spectators. Competing for spectator attention are government and non-government organizations promoting healthy lifestyles. This study investigated spectator engagement on the effectiveness of health messages promoted at sponsored events. Surveys from 2165 adults attending 28 sponsored events collected data on event engagement, health message awareness, behavioral intention, and perceptions of sponsor fit and sincerity. Spectators who were more highly engaged in the event showed significantly greater levels of awareness and acceptance of the health message (all P < 0.01). Path analysis showed that product and event interest were significantly related to both fit and sincerity, and perceived sponsorship fit was significantly associated with greater behavioral intention (all P < 0.01). Product, category and event interest, fit and sincerity were significantly greater for positive advocacy messages than neutral or negative advocacy messages (all P < 0.05). Health message sponsorship is assisted by spectator engagement and perceived fit of sponsored health messages. There exists greater potential to actively leverage spectator engagement to build or reinforce the perceived fit and sincerity of health messages to strengthen existing awareness and behavioral intention.
Effects of body mass index on relationship status, social contact and socio-economic position: Mendelian randomization and within-sibling study in UK Biobank
Authors: Howe Laura D , Kanayalal Roshni , Harrison Sean , Beaumont Robin N , Davies Alisha R , Frayling Timothy M , Davies Neil M , Hughes Amanda , Jones Samuel E , Sassi Franco , Wood Andrew R , Tyrrell Jessica 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
We assessed whether body mass index (BMI) affects social and socio-economic outcomes.

Methods
We used Mendelian randomization (MR), non-linear MR and non-genetic and MR within-sibling analyses, to estimate relationships of BMI with six socio-economic and four social outcomes in 378 244 people of European ancestry in UK Biobank.

Results
In MR of minimally related individuals, higher BMI was related to higher deprivation, lower income, fewer years of education, lower odds of degree-level education and skilled employment. Non-linear MR suggested both low (bottom decile, &lt;22 kg/m2) and high (top seven deciles, &gt;24.6 kg/m2) BMI, increased deprivation and reduced income. Non-genetic within-sibling analysis supported an effect of BMI on socio-economic position (SEP); precision in within-sibling MR was too low to draw inference about effects of BMI on SEP. There was some evidence of pleiotropy, with MR Egger suggesting limited effects of BMI on deprivation, although precision of these estimates is also low. Non-linear MR suggested that low BMI (bottom three deciles, &lt;23.5 kg/m2) reduces the odds of cohabiting with a partner or spouse in men, whereas high BMI (top two deciles, &gt;30.7 kg/m2) reduces the odds of cohabitation in women. Both non-genetic and MR within-sibling analyses supported this sex-specific effect of BMI on cohabitation. In men only, higher BMI was related to lower participation in leisure and social activities. There was little evidence that BMI affects visits from friends and family or having someone to confide in.

Conclusions
BMI may affect social and socio-economic outcomes, with both high and low BMI being detrimental for SEP, although larger within-family MR studies may help to test the robustness of MR results in unrelated individuals. Triangulation of evidence across MR and within-family analyses supports evidence of a sex-specific effect of BMI on cohabitation.
Most recommended medical interventions reach P &lt; 0.005 for their primary outcomes in meta-analyses
Authors: Koletsi Despina , Solmi Marco , Pandis Nikolaos , Fleming Padhraig S , Correll Christoph U , Ioannidis John P A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt has been proposed that the threshold of statistical significance should shift from P-value &lt; 0.05 to P-value &lt; 0.005, but there is concern that this move may dismiss effective, useful interventions. We aimed to assess how often medical interventions are recommended although their evidence in meta-analyses of randomized trials lies between P-value = 0.05 and P-value = 0.005.MethodsWe included Cochrane systematic reviews (SRs) published from 1 January 2013 to 30 June 2014 that had at least one meta-analysis with GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) assessment and at least one primary outcome having favourable results for efficacy at P-value &lt; 0.05. Only comparisons of randomized trials between active versus no treatment/placebo were included. We then assessed the respective UpToDate recommendations for clinical practice from 22 May 2018 to 5 October 2018 and recorded how many treatments were recommended and what were the P-values in their meta-analysis evidence. The primary analysis was based on the first-listed outcomes.ResultsOf 608 screened SRs with GRADE assessment, 113 SRs were eligible, including 143 comparisons of which 128 comparisons had first-listed primary outcomes with UpToDate coverage. Altogether, 60% (58/97) of interventions with P-values &lt; 0.005 for their evidence were recommended versus 32% (10/31) of those with P-value 0.005–0.05. Therefore, most (58/68, 85.2%) of the recommended interventions had P-values &lt; 0.005 for the first-listed primary outcome. Of the 10 exceptions, 4 had other primary outcomes with P-values &lt; 0.005 and another 4 had additional extensive evidence for similar indications that would allow extrapolation for practice recommendations.ConclusionsFew interventions are recommended without their evidence from meta-analyses of randomized trials reaching P-value &lt; 0.005.
An Integralgeometric Approach to Dorronsoro Estimates
Authors: Orponen Tuomas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A theorem of Dorronsoro from 1985 quantifies the fact that a Lipschitz function $f \colon \mathbb{R}^{n} \to \mathbb{R}$ can be approximated by affine functions almost everywhere, and at sufficiently small scales. This paper contains a new, purely geometric, proof of Dorronsoro’s theorem. In brief, it reduces the problem in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ to a problem in $\mathbb{R}^{n - 1}$ via integralgeometric considerations. For the case $n = 1$, a short geometric proof already exists in the literature. A similar proof technique applies to parabolic Lipschitz functions $f \colon \mathbb{R}^{n - 1} \times \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$. A natural Dorronsoro estimate in this class is known, due to Hofmann. The method presented here allows one to reduce the parabolic problem to the Euclidean one and to obtain an elementary proof also in this setting. As a corollary, I deduce an analogue of Rademacher’s theorem for parabolic Lipschitz functions.