bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Languages in public policy, and constraints in academia
Authors: Phillipson Robert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe article explores evidence of public policy ignoring scholarly recommendations, and describes instances of this in the field of language policy at both supranational and national levels. One significant contemporary influence is that university autonomy and academic freedom are being constrained by neoliberal pressures. Evidence of this in the United Kingdom and Denmark is described. These trends are connected to the wider context of the transition from the practices and ideology ofterra nulliusto legitimate colonisation and global Europeanisation, and the concomitant dispossession of the territories of others, to global Americanisation processes, the universalization of acultura nulliusin commerce, the media, academia, and domestic life. This dovetails with the promotion and establishment of English as alingua nullius,a language that should be learned by all worldwide, as if it serves the interests of all inhabitants of the globe, and is disconnected from the causal factors behind the expansion of the language. One speech by Winston Churchill argues for the maintenance of university autonomy and historical awareness. Another pleads for Anglo-American global dominance, including the promotion of English as a ‘world’ language. These competing pleas have had different outcomes: academic freedom and traditions are currently at risk, whereas US dominance and the promotion and expansion of English have thrived. The governments of the five Nordic countries have acted to ensure the maintenance of national languages as well as competence in ‘international languages’. This is exemplified by a description of how universities should assure parallel competence and thereby a healthy balance between English and national languages. Soft power is never far from economic, political, and military power, all of which entail language use. China and Chinese are well launched on a comparable trajectory to the expansion of English.
Nursery Performance of Sandfish Holothuria scabra Juveniles in Tidal Earthen Pond Using Different Types of Cage
Authors: Firdaus M , Indriana L F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Sandfish Holothuria scabra is a promising aquaculture commodity. Techniques for producing this species have been developed rapidly in recent decades to address the issues of increasing market demand and overexploitation of wild populations. Providing sandfish seed with suitable size for stocking (20-50 g) is one of the main issues in mass production of sandfish. Developing reliable nursery techniques could solve this problem. This study aimed to investigate the survival and growth performance of sandfish juveniles in two types of nursery cage: (i) floating net cages and (ii) fixed net cages. The experiments were conducted in a tidal earthen seawater pond in Sekotong, West Lombok for 14 weeks between August 5 and November 13, 2015. Each type of experimental cage had 3 replicates, stocked with 15 juveniles (mean initial weight 4.22 g) per cage. Feed was provided naturally from the substrate in the pond and in seawater, which was exchanged daily following the natural tidal cycle. Juveniles showed rapid growth and high survival rate for both floating and fixed net cages during the first six weeks of culture with no significant difference (P<0.05). Conversely, at the end of the experiment, the growth and survival of juveniles in the fixed net cage were lower because of the extreme low tide and the dry season, which began after week 6. During the low tide, floating net cages stayed submerged in the water while some parts of the fixed cages were exposed, killing the juveniles attached to the net. Our findings suggest that both cages were suitable for use in sandfish juvenile nurseries, although it is better to use the floating net cage in tidal ponds.
Biological aspects of Indian scad (Decapterus russelli Ruppell, 1830) in south site of Madura Strait Waters, East Java
Authors: Bintoro G , Lelono T D , Rudianto  , Utami N D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Indian scad (Decapterus russelli) are one of the pelagic fisheries resources in the Madura Strait. The Probolinggo area of the Madura Strait contributes to the scad (Decapterus spp) fisheries production in East Java, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to observe the biological aspects of Indian scad (D. russelli) caught in Probolinggo waters which were landed in Paiton (in 2017) and Mayangan (in 2018). The method used was descriptive, with a random sampling technique. Sampling was carried out in Paiton, Probolinggo Regency (January 2017-May 2017) and Mayangan fishing port, Probolinggo City (December 2017-April 2018). Results showed that the growth pattern of Indian scad in Paiton was allometric positive (W = 0.0049L3.2882) while in Mayangan it was allometric negative (W = 0.014 L2.8513). The sex ratio (male:female) was 1:1.67 in Paiton and 1: 1.14 in Mayangan. Gonad maturity stages I to IV were found in this study. Gonad maturity of male and female fish was dominated by stages I and II with 79% immature and 21% mature fish in Paiton; 68% immature and 32% mature fish in Mayangan. The mean gonado somatic index (GSI) was 0.83%in Paiton and 0.76% in Mayangan. Length at first capture (Lc) and length at first maturity (Lm) in Paiton were 15.1 cm and 17.1 cm, respectively, whereas in Mayangan Lc and Lm were 15.9 cm and 16.9 cm, respectively. The catch was dominated by immature fish so that fishing efforts need to be controlled to enable sustainable resource use.
Distribution patterns of gregarine parasitism of wild marine bivalve, Anadara cornea (reeve, 1844) concerning seasonality and water quality
Authors: Zakariah Mohd Ihwan , Daud Hassan Mohd , Sharma Reuben Sunil Kumar , Ikhwanuddin Mhd. , Hassan Marina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Gregarines are groups of protozoan parasites that ubiquitously infect arthropods worldwide including host from terrestrial and aquatic environment. To date, 1,600 gregarine species have been described, but less study for invertebrates have been recorded for these apicomplexan parasites. Wild marine bivalve species Anadara cornea (Reeve, 1844) populations were surveyed for gregarines at Setiu Lagoon in Terengganu, Malaysia for a year. This species of bivalve was previously unlisted as hosts. Malaysia is known as a country that experience with rainy and dry season. The trends of rainfall regime in Peninsular Malaysia is mainly affected by the seasonal monsoon i.e. Southwest (SW) monsoon (May to October) and Northeast (NE) monsoon in November and ends in April the following year. The objective of this study was to associate the incidence of gregarine in common wild bivalves, A. cornea of Setiu Lagoon, Terengganu in relation to water quality and seasons. Gregarine prevalence and mean intensity of infections were compared between seasons. Samples were collected at seagrass beds which contain sandy muddy area which is a suitable habitat for this bivalve. The study was conducted from January to December 2018 with a total of 480 sample bivalve collected (n=40 per month). Total numbers of parasites were counts during this study were 33,239 phagocytes. The highest intensity of the infection of the parasite was found in November (n=5014) and the lowest number of infection was in January (n=767). The confidence interval for proportions normal approximation in the prevalence of dry season was 48.9% with 95% of CI=45.3%–54.3%. The confidence interval for proportions normal approximation in the prevalence of rainy season was 47.7% with 95% of CI=43.2%– 52.2%. Risk estimation for odds ratio (OR) was 0.087 with 95% CI=0.01-0.68 Pearson Chi-Square showed the significant value (p≤0.05) cases via season. Most of the site infections of this parasite were on gill and digestive tract. Prevalence of parasites was considerably the same for both seasons. The mean intensity levels of infections were slightly high during the rainy season, which was assumed characterized by low surface seawater temperature, low salinity, and high levels of rainfall. Regression analyses revealed that season was significantly related to gregarine prevalence and intensity. This result emphasizes the importance of considering season and habitat as a part of the consideration factor while studying gregarine in bivalve ecology.
Syirkah of Catfish, Profit or Loss?
Authors: Firman  , Gosari B A J , Wahid A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Syirkah catfish is formed from the belief in the strength of pilgrims and the desire to present a business model without usury. The purpose of this study was to find out how much the benefits and contributions of the Syirkah of catfish to the economy of pilgrims. This research was conducted in April 2018 - March 2019 in Makassar, South Sulawesi. Respondents who have interviewed directly, the data obtained were analyzed further using income analysis. The results of this study show that economically, this Syirkah catfish is a loss. The harvest target of 1.5 tons is not met from the seed stock of 15,000 seeds. But on an institutional basis, this Syirkah of catfish contributes where the losses incurred are shared equally. The absence of usury makes the loss experienced is not large. The return of joint capital after the harvest is sold at 70% of the value of the shares planted.
Catching flying fish (Hirundichthys oxycephalus) in the central Makassar Strait fishing ground using drifting gillnet
Authors: Palo M , Najamuddin  , Zainuddin M , Farhum S A , Marimba A A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Catching flying fish (Hirundichthys oxycephalus) in the central of Makassar Strait using drifting gillnet with a mesh size of 2.54 and 3.18 cm was carried out in west and east season. Drifting gillnets with mesh size of 2.54 cm and 3.18 cm caught H. oxycephalus with a number of catches that varied every month throughout the season. The objective of this study was to compare CPUE rates of two different mesh size of gillnet and to describe the sea surface temperature conditions at the fishing ground locations. We conducted this research during east season (April-June). The study used satellite SST data combined with experimental fishing by operating one experimental unit of drifting gillnets with mesh size of 2.54 cm and 3.18 cm in the fishing area for 30 fishing trips. CPUE (kg hauling−1) was the amount of catch per hauling. The difference in catch between the mesh size of 2.54 and 3.18 cm was assessed by t-test analysis using SPSS software package. The results showed that CPUEs per piece of gillnets with the mesh size of 2.54 cm were ranged from 0.23 to 2.90 kg hauling−1 with 1.38 kg hauling−1 on average, while the CPUEs for the mesh size of 3.18 cm were ranged from 0.47 to 8.93 kg, with 3.28 kg hauling−1 on average. The t-test showed that mesh size of 3.18 cm was significantly different from the mesh size of 2.54 cm. CPUE of drifting gillnets with the mesh size of 3.18 cm higher than the mesh size of 2.54 cm and occupied the potential fishing grounds with relatively warmer SST of 29-31°C. This suggests that the gillnet mesh size of 3.18 cm is better than the other size for catching flying fish within the potential fishing grounds during April-June.
Landslide Zoning and Mitigation in Clapar Area, Madukara District, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java
Authors: Raharjo Sugeng , Teguh Paripurno Eko , Hartadi Joko , Dewi Alfiani Oktavia , Widyastuti Megasari , Mardziah Muflichatul 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Landslide disaster is one of the most frequent disasters in Clapar, Banjarnegara. Landslide is a recurring event and there is no suitable method to respond the threat until now, so that preventive stage have not been maximized. The scienstist explains that the movement of land in the area is very active, but the level of activity that can cause landslides can’t be known qualitatively or quantitatively. The method that used to achieving these purposes is geology and landscape morphology mapping in areas that have been and have possibility landslide disaster. Factors that controls the landslide motion are geomorphology, rock type, geological structure and land use, while the triggers are water infiltration and rock fractures. Slope in Clapar is 30 - 70% and the rock type is clay with quarzite and chert fragments from Totogan Formation, volcanic breccia from Tapak Formation, and polimictic breccia from Ligung Formation. Geological structure that found is right slip fault (Rickard, 1972) with the strike and dip of fault is N 359oE/79o. The land usage are pine forest, salak farm, and settlement. Angle of shear strength from direct shear test soil sample in Clapar slope is 27o with safety factor value is 1.045 included in the critical class. According to those existing datas, Clapar included into area that are very vulnerable to landslides. It is because this area was affected by major slip fault and steep angle. The most land usages is salak farms which is the plants has fibrous root that control the properties of soil. It makes the water easily infiltrate into the soil that causes increase the weight of the soil and make the plane become slippery.
The Role of the Striatum in Learning to Orthogonalize Action and Valence: A Combined PET and 7 T MRI Aging Study
Authors: Perosa Valentina , de Boer Lieke , Ziegler Gabriel , Apostolova Ivayla , Buchert Ralph , Metzger Coraline , Amthauer Holger , Guitart-Masip Marc , Düzel Emrah , Betts Matthew J 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPavlovian biases influence instrumental learning by coupling reward seeking with action invigoration and punishment avoidance with action suppression. Using a probabilistic go/no-go task designed to orthogonalize action (go/no-go) and valence (reward/punishment), recent studies have shown that the interaction between the two is dependent on the striatum and its key neuromodulator dopamine. Using this task, we sought to identify how structural and neuromodulatory age-related differences in the striatum may influence Pavlovian biases and instrumental learning in 25 young and 31 older adults. Computational modeling revealed a significant age-related reduction in reward and punishment sensitivity and marked (albeit not significant) reduction in learning rate and lapse rate (irreducible noise). Voxel-based morphometry analysis using 7 Tesla MRI images showed that individual differences in learning rate in older adults were related to the volume of the caudate nucleus. In contrast, dopamine synthesis capacity in the dorsal striatum, assessed using [18F]-DOPA positron emission tomography in 22 of these older adults, was not associated with learning performance and did not moderate the relationship between caudate volume and learning rate. This multiparametric approach suggests that age-related differences in striatal volume may influence learning proficiency in old age.
Frontloaded Income Taxation of Old-Age Pensions: For Efficiency and Fairness in a World of International Labor Mobility
Authors: Genser Bernd , Holzmann Robert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA comparative inspection of the rules of cross-border pension taxation across member countries of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) shows that the existing pattern is extremely diverse and inconsistent and generates unfair outcomes for individuals and for countries. This article argues that this double fairness dilemma cannot be solved within the current network of double taxation treaties. Instead, it proposes a new approach for the taxation of old-age pensions in a world of high and increasing cross-border mobility of workers and pensioners. The article demonstrates that a coordinated move to frontloaded pension taxation would pave the way for an international pension tax order that eliminates the double fairness dilemma. An additional innovative element of frontloaded pension taxation is presented: the separation of individual tax assessment and tax payment, which may help curb political opposition against frontloaded pension taxation and smooth transitional effects after its introduction (JEL codes: H24, H55, H87, and F22).
Are Tax Amnesties Good for Us All? Understanding Influence of Tax Amnesties on Benefiters and Non-Benefiters
Authors: Yücedoğru Recep , Sarisoy İdris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article aims to investigate the effect of tax amnesties on tax compliance decisions of taxpayers. In particular, we focused on Turkish taxpayers’ fairness perceptions and their voluntary tax compliance after the recent legislation of 6736, which is claimed to be the biggest tax amnesty (for example, tax debt restructuring legislation) in the last decade. This article also investigates the difference between tax amnesty benefiters and non-benefiters when it comes to their tax compliance and fairness perceptions. This article starts with a summary of the literature with a particular focus on Turkey. The research looks into the influence of the perception of tax amnesties on fairness and tax compliance of taxpayers while controlling for widely discussed factors that influence tax compliance such as risk awareness and government trust. The survey was conducted with 1028 participants and a structural model was constructed to test for the above-mentioned effects. We found fairness perception of the taxpayers is negatively affected by tax amnesties. Additionally, the findings showed that acceptance/approval of taxpayers on tax amnesty practice is effective on taxpayer compliance. Finally, only tax amnesty benefiters’ fairness perception is negatively influenced by tax amnesties while the effect is not significant on benefiters.
Surgical explant of a right ventricular assist device with sternum-sparing technique
Authors: Monteagudo-Vela Maria , Panoulas Vasileios , Riesgo-Gil Fernando , Simon Andre 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The use of long-term mechanical assist devices for isolated right ventricular failure is rare. Herein, we describe our protocol for successful recovery of the right ventricle and subsequent explantation of a right ventricular assist device using a sternum-sparing technique and insertion of a titanium plug to occlude the coring defect of the inflow cannula.
Long-term therapeutic effect of Fontan conversion with an extracardiac conduit
Authors: Hoashi Takaya , Shimada Masatoshi , Imai Kenta , Komori Motoki , Kurosaki Kenichi , Ohuchi Hideo , Ichikawa Hajime 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to identify the long-term therapeutic effect of total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) conversion with an extracardiac conduit.

METHODS
Between 1991 and 2014, 36 patients underwent TCPC conversion with an extracardiac conduit. Half of these patients were diagnosed with tricuspid atresia or its variant. The left ventricle was dominant in 26 patients (72.2%). Median age at conversion and interval from initial Fontan operation to conversion were 24.1 years (interquartile range 18.9–29.2) and 17.8 years (15.4–20.9), respectively. Surgical cryoablation was concomitantly performed in 32 patients (88.9%). Cardiac catheter examination was performed preoperatively (36 patients, 100%) and at 1 year (31 patients, 86%), 5 years (25 patients, 69%) and 10 years (13 patients, 36%) after TCPC conversion. Symptom-limited treadmill exercise with expired gas analysis was performed preoperatively (32 patients, 88.9%) and at 1 year (27 patients, 75.0%), 5 years (20 patients, 55.6%) and 10 years (12 patients, 33.3%) after conversion.

RESULTS
All patients received follow-up; the mean follow-up period was 8.2 ± 4.8 years. Actuarial survival rate, protein-losing enteropathy-free survival rate and rate of survival with sinus rhythm maintenance at 10 years were 79.2%, 67.8% and 48.5%, respectively. The survival curve declined steeply when the duration of Fontan circulation exceeded 25 years. New cases of protein-losing enteropathy developed postoperatively in 2 patients. Permanent pacemakers were implanted in 12 patients (33%), but atrial tachyarrhythmia was not sustained in any of the remaining patients. Pulmonary arterial pressure (11.0 ± 3.1 to 9.5 ± 3.6 mmHg, P = 0.003), pulmonary vascular resistance (2.1 ± 0.7 to 1.3 ± 0.5 WU/m2, P &lt; 0.0001) and cardiac index (2.0 ± 0.3 to 2.9 ± 0.6 l/min/m2, P &lt; 0.0001) significantly improved from preoperative evaluation to 1 year after the conversion, and these improvements were maintained during the entire follow-up period. Peak oxygen uptake remained unchanged from the preoperative evaluation (49.7 ± 11.5% predicted) to 1 year (52.5 ± 12.0%), 5 years (56.2 ± 9.6%) and 10 years (51.2 ± 9.4%) after conversion (P = 0.19).

CONCLUSIONS
Owing to its anti-arrhythmic effect and Fontan pathway recruitment effect, TCPC conversion with an extracardiac conduit prevented the natural decline of exercise tolerance that is seen in classic Fontan patients.
Optimizing a production strategy for a nonspecific nuclease from Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. palearctica in genetically engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Ge Yan , Guo Senlin , Liu Tao , Zhao Chen , Li Duanhua , Liu Yangchang , Li Jinjun , Liang Tao , Wang Lu 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
A nuclease from Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. palearctica (Nucyep) is a newly found thermostable nonspecific nuclease. The heat-resisting ability of this nuclease would be extremely useful in biological research or pharmaceutical production. However, the application of this nuclease is limited because of its poor yield. This research aimed to improve Nucyep productivity by producing a novel genetically engineered Escherichia coli and optimizing the production procedures. After 4 h of induction by lactose, the new genetically engineered E. coli can express a substantial amount of Nucyep in the form of inclusion bodies. The yield was approximately 0.3 g of inclusion bodies in 1 g of bacterial pellets. The inclusion bodies were extracted by sonication and solubilized in an 8 M urea buffer. Protein renaturation was successfully achieved by dilution method. Pure enzyme was obtained after subjecting the protein solution to anion exchange. The Nucyep showed its nonspecific and heat resistant properties as previously reported (Boissinot et al. 2016). Through a quantification method, its activity was determined to be 1.3 × 10 6 Kunitz units (K.U.)/mg. These results can serve as a reference for increasing Nucyep production.
Wikipedia: Why is the common knowledge resource still neglected by academics?
Authors: Jemielniak Dariusz 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Wikipedia is by far the largest online encyclopedia, and the number of errors it contains is on par with the professional sources even in specialized topics such as biology or medicine. Yet, the academic world is still treating it with great skepticism because of the types of inaccuracies present there, the widespread plagiarism from Wikipedia, and historic biases, as well as jealousy regarding the loss of the knowledge dissemination monopoly. This article argues that it is high time not only to acknowledge Wikipedia's quality but also to start actively promoting its use and development in academia.