bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postfire mechanical properties of Galfan‐coated steel cables
Authors: Sun Guojun , Li Xiaohui , Wu Jinzhi 
Published: August 2020

SummaryGalfan‐coated steel cables are widely used in prestressed structures due to their excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Their postfire mechanical properties are important to evaluate the residual load‐bearing capability of the structures after fire. However, the research on the postfire mechanical properties of Galfan‐coated steel cables is stillscarce, especially the cable in stress state. Hence, a research based on experimental study was carried out to investigate the deterioration of mechanical properties of Galfan‐coated steel cables in stress state after experiencing elevated temperatures in this paper. Eighteen tensile tests were conducted on specimens exposed to elevated temperatures varying from 100°C to 500°C and then cooled down to ambient temperature in air. Both twisting characteristic and constant stress level of Galfan‐coated steel cables were considered in this study. The residual nominal yield strength, ultimate strength, elastic modulus, fracture strain, and stress‐strain curves of Galfan‐coated steel cables after experiencing elevated temperatures were obtained and compared with the existing researches. The results show that the postfire mechanical properties are obviously decreased when the fire temperature exceeds 300°C. Equations for the residual nominal yield strength, elastic modulus, ultimate strength, and fracture strain of the Galfan‐coated steel cables were proposed. Furthermore, a modified two‐stage Ramberg‐Osgood model for Galfan‐coated steel cables after experiencing elevated temperatures was established, which can provide reference for the safety assessment and repairment of prestressed structures after fire.
Cortex‐wide microcirculation mapping with ultrafast large‐field multifocal illumination microscopy
Authors: Chen Zhenyue , Zhou Quanyu , Rebling Johannes , Razansky Daniel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe recently introduced large‐field multifocal illumination (LMI) fluorescence microscopy technique opened new possibilities for transcranial observations of mouse brain dynamics with a unique combination of capillary level resolution and centimeter‐scale field‐of‐view (FOV). Here we report on a new acceleration scheme for LMI based on raster scan of a lattice pattern combined with a parallel camera exposure scheme, which attains 200 Hz frame rate over 12 × 12 mm2 FOV with 7.5 μm spatial resolution. We demonstrate real‐time transcranial in vivo tracking of particles and imaging of microcirculation across the entire mouse cortex, thus corroborating the superb spatiotemporal resolution performance of LMI unattainable with other techniques. Potential applications include investigations into cerebrovascular function, cell tracking, as well as large‐scale functional neuroimaging.
Marginal zone lymphoma expression of histidine‐rich glycoprotein correlates with improved survival
Authors: Persson Skare Tor , Sjöberg Elin , Berglund Mattias , Smith Ross O , Roche Francis P , Lindskog Cecilia , Sander Birgitta , Glimelius Ingrid , Gholiha Alex R , Enblad Gunilla , Amini Rose‐Marie , Claesson‐Welsh Lena 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThe abundant hepatocyte‐expressed plasma protein histidine‐rich glycoprotein (HRG) enhances antitumor immunity by polarizing inflammatory and immune cells in several mouse models, however, the clinical relevance of HRG in human cancer is poorly explored. The expression and role of HRG in human B‐cell lymphomas was investigated in order to find new tools for prognosis and treatment.FindingsImmunohistochemical (IHC) analysis and RNA hybridization of tissue microarrays showed that (i) HRG was expressed by tumor cells in marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), in 36% of 59 cases. Expression was also detected in follicular lymphoma (22%), mantle cell lymphoma (19%), and indiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL;5%) while primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) lacked expression of HRG. (ii) MZL patients positive for HRG showed a superior overall survival outcome (HR = 0.086, 95% CI = 0.014‐0.518, P‐value = .007), indicating a protective role for HRG independent of stage, age and sex. (iii) HRG‐expressing MZL displayed significantly increased transcript and protein levels of the host defense peptide alpha defensin 1. In addition, global transcript analyses showed significant changes in gene ontology terms relating to immunity and inflammation, however, infiltration of immune and inflammatory cells detected by IHC was unaffected by HRG expression.ConclusionHRG expression by MZL tumor cells correlates with an altered transcription profile and improved overall survival.
Assessment of variation of inline cartridge extraction mass spectra
Authors: Zhvansky Evgeny S. , Eliferov Vasiliy A. , Sorokin Anatoly A. , Shurkhay Vsevolod A. , Pekov Stanislav I. , Bormotov Denis S. , Ivanov Daniil G. , Zavorotnyuk Denis S. , Bocharov Konstantin V. , Khaliullin Iliyas G. , Belenikin Maksim S. , Potapov Aleksandr A. , Nikolaev Evgeny N. , Popov Igor A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecently, mass‐spectrometry methods show its utility in tumor boundary location. The effect of differences between research and clinical protocols such as low‐ and high‐resolution measurements and sample storage have to be understood and taken into account to transfer methods from bench to bedside. In this study, we demonstrate a simple way to compare mass spectra obtained by different experimental protocols, assess its quality, and check for the presence of outliers and batch effect in the dataset. We compare the mass spectra of both fresh and frozen–thawed astrocytic brain tumor samples obtained with the inline cartridge extraction prior to electrospray ionization. Our results reveal the importance of both positive and negative ion mode mass spectrometry for getting reliable information about sample diversity. We show that positive mode highlights the difference between protocols of mass spectra measurement, such as fresh and frozen–thawed samples, whereas negative mode better characterizes the histological difference between samples. We also show how the use of similarity spectrum matrix helps to identify the proper choice of the measurement parameters, so data collection would be kept reliable, and analysis would be correct and meaningful.
Regeneration of critical‐sized mandibular defect using a 3D‐printed hydroxyapatite‐based scaffold: An exploratory study
Authors: Chang Po‐Chun , Luo Hui‐Ting , Lin Zhi‐Jie , Tai Wei‐Chiu , Chang Ching‐He , Chang Ying‐Chieh , Cochran David L. , Chen Min‐Huey 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThree‐dimensional (3D) printing has become an available technology to fabricate customized tissue engineering scaffolds with delicate architecture. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate the potential of a 3D‐printed hydroxyapatite‐based scaffold as a biomaterial for obtaining guided bone regeneration (GBR) in vivo.MethodsScaffolds composed of 90% hydroxyapatite and 10% poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) were printed using a microextrusion process to fit 4 mm diameter and 0.5 mm thick through‐and‐through osseous defects on the mandibular ramus of rats, with unfilled defects serving as controls. Specimens were analyzed for regeneration‐associated gene expression on day 7, and micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and histology assessments were carried out on day 28.ResultsThe scaffolds were 3.56 ± 0.43 mm (x‐axis) and 4.02 ± 0.44 mm (y‐axis) in diameter and 0.542 ± 0.035 mm thick (z‐axis), with a mean pore size of 0.420 ± 0.028 × 0.328 ± 0.005 mm2. Most scaffolds fit the defects well. Type I collagen, VEGF, and Cbfa1 were upregulated in the scaffold‐treated defects by day 7. By day 28, de novo osteogenesis and scaffold–tissue integration were evident in the scaffold‐treated defects, and entire mineralized tissue, as well as newly formed bone, was significantly promoted, as seen in the micro‐CT and histologic analyses.ConclusionThe 3D‐printed hydroxyapatite‐based scaffold showed acceptable dimensional stability and demonstrated favorable osteoregenerative capability that fulfilled the need for GBR.
Utilization of Vigna mungo flour as fat mimetic in biscuits: Its impact on antioxidant profile, polyphenolic content, storage stability, and quality attributes
Authors: Saeed Syed Muhammad Ghufran , Ali Syed Arsalan , Ali Rashida , Naz Shahina , Sayeed Syed Asad , Mobin Lubna , Ahmed Raheel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the present study, an effort was made to incorporate Vigna mungo flour (VMF) as a fat mimetic for the development of functional biscuits. Rheological properties of dough, pasting profile, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activities (1, 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] inhibition and ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]), shelf life, and nutritional and sensory properties of the samples were analyzed. An increase in DPPH inhibition, FRAP, TPC, and TFC was observed with increase in the concentration of VMF in wheat flour (WF). The addition of VMF resulted in increased water absorption (58.71–72.40%) and dough stability time (6.30–13.11 min). Set back viscosities (479–81 torque) decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05), whereas break down viscosities (378–447 torque) increased. The baking process decreased the IC50 values of DPPH inhibition (255.40–169.21 mg/ml) and FRAP (114.45–34.12 mg/ml), although TPC and TFC decreased. The study of shelf life for 2 months revealed no significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in antioxidant, phenolics, and flavonoids contents of VMF‐WF biscuits. Furthermore, the antioxidants, TFC, and TPC compounds were undetected in control throughout the storage period. The increase in both peroxide value (3.9 mEqO2/kg of fat) and free fatty acid (0.87%) was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than that of the control biscuits during storage but were in an acceptable range. It correlates to the enhanced activity of natural antioxidants as TPC and TFC in VMF‐WF biscuits, which are responsible for the decrease in the rate of oxidation. Nutritional data of VMF‐WF biscuits revealed that protein (11.20–15.85%), crude fiber (0.21–2.01%), and ash content (0.53–4.01%) significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) and calories (497–430 kcal/100 g) reduced because of the addition of fat mimetic. Biscuits prepared with VMF 15% demonstrated superior quality as compared with control. In conclusion, it could be suggested that the addition of VMF as a fat mimetic in biscuits may increase antioxidant and polyphenolic contents with enhanced storage stability. The reduced calories, increased protein, fiber, mineral contents, and enhanced antioxidant activity considerably increase the nutritional status of the biscuits.
Opposite Association of Adropin Concentrations with Obesity in Prepubertal Children Compared with Adolescents
Authors: Herrero Leticia , de Dios Olaya , Gavela‐Pérez Teresa , Riestra Pía , Jois Asha , Soriano‐Guillén Leandro , Garcés Carmen 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between obesity and plasma adropin levels in two cohorts of children at two different ages.MethodsAdropin concentrations were measured in 71 prepubertal and 41 pubertal children with obesity and their age‐ and sex‐matched normal weight counterparts (69 prepubertal and 42 pubertal children). Information was available in these children on insulin levels, lipid profile, and leptin levels. Adropin levels were measured by using a commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit.ResultsPlasma adropin levels were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in prepubertal than pubertal children. Adropin concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in prepubertal girls than in prepubertal boys but significantly lower (P < 0.001) in pubertal girls than in pubertal boys. Prepubertal boys and girls with obesity had significantly higher adropin levels (P < 0.001) than their normal weight counterparts. In contrast, no differences in adropin levels were observed in pubertal children when comparing children with obesity and normal weight boys and girls.ConclusionsAn important decrease in adropin levels in pubertal children compared with prepubertal children was shown as well as a differing association of adropin with obesity depending on age. These findings suggest a possible relationship between adropin levels and centrally regulated sex hormones involved in pubertal development.
Bronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma, recurrent asthmatic symptoms, and pneumonia presenting in pregnancy
Authors: Shiiba Ritsuya , Himeji Daisuke , Beppu Kiichiro , Marutsuka Kousuke , Mitsuoka Masahiro , Nabeshima Kazuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report the case of a 37‐year‐old pregnant Japanese woman (34th week of gestation) with a left main bronchus mucoepidermoid carcinoma. She had left lower lung pneumonia episodes for eight weeks that had been associated with bronchial asthma. Bronchoscopy revealed a membranous endobronchial tumour obstructing most of the left main bronchus. We delivered the baby without any problems by caesarean section, followed by tumour cauterization using a rigid bronchoscope under general anaesthesia. After that, we performed a sleeve resection of the main left bronchus. At one‐year follow‐up, the patient was disease‐free and her baby was growing well.
Rocky Flats, plutonium, and controversy: Citizen activists provide institutional memory
Authors: Abbotts John 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) selected Rocky Flats, east of the Rocky Mountains, as the site to fabricate “plutonium pits,” triggers for H‐bombs, and operations began in 1952. Press reports revealed the plant's connection to atomic weapons in 1956. Denver is downwind and “downslope” by about 16 miles. As western suburbs moved closer to Rocky Flats over time, plant accidents sent plutonium and other contaminants offsite. In 1989, armed agents of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Federal Bureau of Investigation raided the facility, and the plant operator, Rockwell International, subsequently pleaded guilty to criminal environmental violations. By this time, the U.S. Department of Energy had inherited responsibility for Rocky Flats and atomic weapons production. In 1993, the primary mission at Rocky Flats became cleanup of contamination from plutonium and other hazardous substances. Under Energy's “Accelerated Cleanup” plan, remediation was certified complete in 2005 by the Department's cleanup regulators, EPA, and the Colorado Department of Public Health. But planned uses for the “buffer zone” around the facility's central industrial area, and for off‐site areas continued to generate public controversy. This article examines the controversy and reports on general “stewardship” concepts for long‐term waste management.
Actively open‐minded thinking in American adolescents
Authors: Emlen Metz S. , Baelen Rebecca N. , Yu Alisa 
Published: August 2020

In a mixed‐methods study following 1551 adolescents from eight diverse schools across the US, a large majority demonstrated (a) strong norms of actively open‐minded thinking (AOT) and (b) a widespread capacity for AOT. Students from two public (government) schools, two private (public) schools, and two charter (academy) schools were followed for 18 months over the transition from middle school to high school, with data collected in each semester of the eighth grade and ninth grade year. The study included an unusually varied set of approaches to assess AOT values and habits, including a rating scale, two new multiple choice measures, teacher reports from three teachers per student, peer nomination, and interviews with subsets of the larger sample. These varied measures converged to reveal widespread openness to disagreement, desire for understanding, and pluralistic norms. In interviews, participants demonstrated AOT in three powerful ways: deep search for ideas, epistemic empathy, and pluralistic thinking. Moreover, repeated administration of measures indicated moderate intertemporal reliability of this trait, with six‐month test‐retest correlations ranging from .27 to .59 depending on the measure. This research suggests that existing capacities for AOT could be more fruitfully leveraged and supported by educators, helping students to capitalise on their own values and intuitions as they develop into mature critical thinkers. [Corrections made on 24 August 2020 after first online publication: ‘web search’ was incorrectly used throughout this article and it has now been corrected to ‘search’ in this version]
Bottom Effect in Atomic Force Microscopy Nanomechanics
Authors: Chiodini Stefano , Ruiz‐Rincón Silvia , Garcia Pablo D. , Martin Santiago , Kettelhoit Katharina , Armenia Ilaria , Werz Daniel B. , Cea Pilar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, the influence of the rigid substrate on the determination of the sample Young's modulus, the so‐called bottom‐effect artifact, is demonstrated by an atomic force microscopy force‐spectroscopy experiment. The nanomechanical properties of a one‐component supported lipid membrane (SLM) exhibiting areas of two different thicknesses are studied: While a standard contact mechanics model (Sneddon) provides two different elastic moduli for these two morphologies, it is shown that Garcia's bottom‐effect artifact correction yields a unique value, as expected for an intrinsic material property. Remarkably, it is demonstrated that the ratio between the contact radius (and not only the indentation) and the sample thickness is the key parameter addressing the relevance of the bottom‐effect artifact. The experimental results are validated by finite element method simulations providing a solid support to Garcia's theory. The amphiphilic nature of the investigated material is representative of several kinds of lipids, suggesting that the results have far reaching implications for determining the correct Young's modulus of SLMs. The generality of Garcia's bottom‐effect artifact correction allows its application to every kind of supported soft film.
Lattice ℂPN−1 model with ℤN twisted boundary condition: bions, adiabatic continuity and pseudo-entropy
Authors: Fujimori Toshiaki , Itou Etsuko , Misumi Tatsuhiro , Nitta Muneto , Sakai Norisuke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

We investigate the lattice ℂP

N−1 sigma model on

$$ {S}_s^1 $$

S
s
1

(large) ×

$$ {S}_{\tau}^1 $$

S
τ
1

(small) with the ℤ
N
symmetric twisted boundary condition, where a sufficiently large ratio of the circumferences (L

s
≫ L

τ
) is taken to approximate ℝ × S
1. We find that the expectation value of the Polyakov loop, which is an order parameter of the ℤ
N
symmetry, remains consistent with zero (|〈P〉| ∼ 0) from small to relatively large inverse coupling β (from large to small L

τ
). As β increases, the distribution of the Polyakov loop on the complex plane, which concentrates around the origin for small β, isotropically spreads and forms a regular N-sided-polygon shape (e.g. pentagon for N = 5), leading to |〈P〉| ∼ 0. By investigating the dependence of the Polyakov loop on

$$ {S}_s^1 $$

S
s
1

direction, we also verify the existence of fractional instantons and bions, which cause tunneling transition between the classical N vacua and stabilize the ℤ
N
symmetry. Even for quite high β, we find that a regular-polygon shape of the Polyakov-loop distribution, even if it is broken, tends to be restored and |〈P〉| gets smaller as the number of samples increases. To discuss the adiabatic continuity of the vacuum structure from another viewpoint, we calculate the β dependence of “pseudo-entropy” density ∝ 〈T

xx
− T

ττ
〉. The result is consistent with the absence of a phase transition between large and small β regions.
Dimensional regularization and Breitenlohner-Maison/’t Hooft-Veltman scheme for γ5 applied to chiral YM theories: full one-loop counterterm and RGE structure
Authors: Bélusca-Maïto Hermès , Ilakovac Amon , Madjor-Božinović Marija , Stöckinger Dominik 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

We study the application of the Breitenlohner-Maison-’t Hooft-Veltman (BMHV) scheme of Dimensional Regularization to the renormalization of chiral gauge theories, focusing on the specific counterterm structure required by the non-anticommuting Dirac γ
5 matrix and the breaking of the BRST invariance. Calculations are performed at the one-loop level in a massless chiral Yang-Mills theory with chiral fermions and real scalar fields. We discuss the setup and properties of the regularized theory in detail. Our central results are the full counterterm structures needed for the correct renormalization: the singular UV-divergent counterterms, including evanescent counterterms that have to be kept for consistency of higher-loop calculations.
We find that the required singular, evanescent counterterms associated with vector and scalar fields are uniquely determined but are not gauge invariant. Furthermore, using the framework of algebraic renormalization, we determine the symmetry-restoring finite counterterms, that are required to restore the BRST invariance, central to the consistency of the theory. These are the necessary building blocks in one-loop and higher-order calculations.
Finally, renormalization group equations are derived within this framework, and the derivation is compared with the more customary calculation in the context of symmetry-invariant regularizations. We explain why, at one-loop level, the extra BMHV-specific counterterms do not change the results for the RGE. The results we find complete those that have been obtained previously in the literature in the absence of scalar fields.
High incidence of (osteo)chondral lesions in ankle fractures
Authors: Martijn Hugo A. , Lambers Kaj T. A. , Dahmen Jari , Stufkens Sjoerd. A. S. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the incidence and location of osteochondral lesions (OCLs) following ankle fractures as well as to determine the association between fracture type and the presence of OCLs. Up to 50% of patients with ankle fractures that receive surgical treatment show suboptimal functional results with residual complaints at a long-term follow-up. This might be due to the presence of intra-articular osteochondral lesions (OCL).

Methods
A literature search was carried out in PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, CDSR, DARE and CENTRAL to identify relevant studies. Two authors separately and independently screened the search results and conducted the quality assessment using the MINORS criteria. Available full-text clinical articles on ankle fractures published in English, Dutch and German were eligible for inclusion. Per fracture classification, the OCL incidence and location were extracted from the included articles. Where possible, OCL incidence per fracture classification (Danis–Weber and/or Lauge–Hansen classification) was calculated and pooled. Two-sided p values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
Twenty articles were included with a total of 1707 ankle fractures in 1707 patients. When focusing on ankle fractures that were assessed directly after the trauma, the OCL incidence was 45% (n = 1404). Furthermore, the most common location of an OCL following an ankle fractures was the talus (43% of all OCLs). A significant difference in OCL incidence was observed among Lauge–Hansen categories (p = 0.049). Post hoc pairwise comparisons between Lauge–Hansen categories (with adjusted significance level of 0.01) revealed no significant difference (n.s.).

Conclusion
OCLs are frequently seen in patients with ankle fractures when assessed both directly after and at least 12 months after initial trauma (45–47%, respectively). Moreover, the vast majority of post-traumatic OCLs were located in the talus (42.7% of all OCLs). A higher incidence of OCLs was observed with rotational type fractures. The clinical relevance of the present systematic review is that it provides an overview of the incidence and location of OCLs in ankle fractures, hereby raising awareness to surgeons of these treatable concomitant injuries. As a result, this may improve the clinical outcomes when directly addressed during index surgery.

Level of evidence
IV.