bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serpin7 controls egg diapause of migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) by regulating polyphenol oxidase
Authors: Chen Jun , Cui Dongnan , Ullah Hidayat , Hao Kun , Tu Xiongbing , Zhang Zehua 
Published: February 2020

Diapause is a state of arrested growth, which allows insects to adapt to diverse environments. Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) play an important role in various physiological processes, including blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, development, complement activation and extracellular matrix remodeling. We hypothesized that serpin may affect energy metabolism and thereby control diapause of migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) embryos by regulating protease cascades. A total of seven nonredundant serpin genes (named serpin1–serpin7) of L. migratoria were obtained through transcriptomic analysis. We further performed label‐free proteomic sequencing and analysis of diapause and nondiapause eggs of L. migratoria, revealing significant differences in serpin7 expression. A significant reduction in diapause rate under the short photoperiod was observed in insects treated with serpin7 double‐stranded RNA. Furthermore, knockdown of the serpin7 gene resulted in significant upregulation of the activity of polyphenol oxidase. We therefore propose that the observed serpin7 gene plays a crucial role in diapause, suggesting that control of energy metabolism may have potential as a future strategy for the reproductive control of insect pests.
Elucidating the Effect of Planar Graphitic Layers and Cylindrical Pores on the Storage and Diffusion of Li, Na, and K in Carbon Materials
Authors: Olsson Emilia , Cottom Jonathon , Au Heather , Guo Zhenyu , Jensen Anders C. S. , Alptekin Hande , Drew Alan J. , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena , Cai Qiong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHard carbons are among the most promising materials for alkali‐ion metal anodes. These materials have a highly complex structure and understanding the metal storage and migration within these structures is of utmost importance for the development of next‐generation battery technologies. The effect of different carbon structural motifs on Li, Na, and K storage and diffusion are probed using density functional theory based on experimental characterizations of hard carbon samples. Two carbon structural models—the planar graphitic layer model and the cylindrical pore model—are constructed guided by small‐angle X‐ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy characterization. The planar graphitic layers with interlayer distance <6.5 Å are beneficial for metal storage, but do not have significant contribution to rapid metal diffusion. Fast diffusion is shown to take place in planar graphitic layers with interlayer distance >6.5 Å, when the graphitic layer separation becomes so wide that there is negligible interaction between the two graphitic layers. The cylindrical pore model, reflecting the curved morphology, does not increase metal storage, but significantly lowers the metal migration barriers. Hence, the curved carbon morphologies are shown to have great importance for battery cycling. These findings provide an atomic‐scale picture of the metal storage and diffusion in these materials.
Smart Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Nanotheranostic Agent for Effective Cancer Therapy
Authors: Guo Shi‐yan , Sun Di , Ni Da‐long , Yu Miao‐rong , Qian Kun , Zhang Wei , Yang Yi‐wei , Song Sha , Li Yang , Xi Zi‐yue , Wang Jie , Li Jing‐yi , Wei Yan , Chen Kai‐xian , Gan Yong , Wang Zheng‐tao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes acidic and hypoxic conditions, severely impedes the therapeutic efficacy of antitumor agents. Herein, MnO2‐loaded, bovine serum albumin, and PEG co‐modified mesoporous CaSiO3 nanoparticles (CaM‐PB NPs) are developed as a nanoplatform with sequential theranostic functions for the engineering of TME. The MnO2 NPs generate O2 in situ by reacting with endogenous H2O2, relieving the hypoxic state of the TME that further modulates the cancer cell cycle status to S phase, which improves the potency of co‐loaded S phase‐sensitive chemotherapeutic drugs. After the hypoxia relief, CaM‐PB can sustainably release drugs due to the enlarged pores of mesoporous CaSiO3 in the acidic TME, preventing the drug pre‐leakage into the blood circulation and insufficient drug accumulation at tumor sites. Moreover, the Mn2+ released from the MnO2 NPs at tumor sites can potentially serve as a diagnostic agent, enabling the identification of tumor regions by T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging during therapy. In vivo pharmacodynamics results demonstrate that these synergetic effects caused by CaM‐PB NPs significantly contribute to the inhibition of tumor progression. Therefore, the CaM‐PB NPs with sequential theranostic functions are a promising system for effective cancer therapy.
Strongly Surface State Carrier‐Dependent Spin–Orbit Torque in Magnetic Topological Insulators
Authors: Che Xiaoyu , Pan Quanjun , Vareskic Božo , Zou Jingyi , Pan Lei , Zhang Peng , Yin Gen , Wu Hao , Shao Qiming , Deng Peng , Wang Kang L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe topological surface states (TSS) in topological insulators (TIs) can exert strong spin–orbit torque (SOT) on adjacent magnetization, offering great potential in implementing energy‐efficient magnetic memory devices. However, there are large discrepancies among the reported spin Hall angle values in TIs, and its temperature dependence still remains elusive. Here, the spin Hall angle in a modulation‐doped Cr‐BixSb2−xTe3 (Cr‐BST) film is quantitatively determined via both transport and optic approaches, where consistent results are obtained. A large spin Hall angle of ≈90 in the modulation‐doped Cr‐BST film is demonstrated at 2.5 K, and the spin Hall angle drastically decreases to 0.3–0.5 as the temperature increases. Moreover, by tuning the top TSS carrier concentration, a competition between the top and bottom TSS in contributing to SOT is observed. The above phenomena can account for the large discrepancies among the previously reported spin Hall angle values and reveal the unique role of TSS in generating SOT.
Interfacial Superconductivity on the Topological Semimetal Tungsten Carbide Induced by Metal Deposition
Authors: Zhu Wenliang , Hou Xingyuan , Li Jing , Huang Yifei , Zhang Shuai , He Junbao , Chen Dong , Wang Yiyan , Dong Qingxin , Zhang Mengdi , Yang Huaixin , Ren Zhian , Hu Jiangping , Shan Lei , Chen Genfu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInterfaces between materials with different electronic ground states have become powerful platforms for creating and controlling novel quantum states of matter, in which inversion symmetry breaking and other effects at the interface may introduce additional electronic states. Among the emergent phenomena, superconductivity is of particular interest. Here, by depositing metal films on a newly identified topological semimetal tungsten carbide (WC) single crystal, interfacial superconductivity is obtained, evidenced from soft point‐contact spectroscopy. This very robust phenomenon is demonstrated for a wide range of metal/WC interfaces, involving both nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic films, and the superconducting transition temperatures are surprisingly insensitive to the magnetism of thin films. This method offers an opportunity to explore the long‐sought topological superconductivity and has potential applications in topological‐state‐based spin devices.
Metal Coated Conductive Fabrics with Graphite Electrodes and Biocompatible Gel Electrolyte for Wearable Supercapacitors
Authors: Pullanchiyodan Abhilash , Manjakkal Libu , Dervin Saoirse , Shakthivel Dhayalan , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFabric‐based supercapacitors have received considerable interest as energy storage devices for wearable systems. This work demonstrates the use of metal coated fabrics as the active material and current collector with nontoxic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐KCl gel electrolyte for wearable supercapacitors (SCs). To evaluate the influence of the metal coating, the electrochemical and capacitive studies are carried out and results are compared with a newly developed metal free graphite printed textile (cellulose‐polyester) (CP‐Gr) based SC. It is evident that the homemade graphite paste electrode printed on the top of Armor FR (Ni/Cu coated polyester fabric) (AFR‐Gr) and Nora Dell (Ni/Cu/Ag coated polyamide) (ND‐Gr) based SCs with PVA‐KCl electrolyte exhibits the specific capacitance of 99.06 and 46.88 mF cm−2, respectively, at sweep rate of 5 mV s−1. These values are 24 and 52 times greater than that of CP‐Gr based SC. The AFR‐Gr and ND‐Gr based SCs have an excellent energy density of 8.81 and 4.17 µWh cm−2, respectively, at 5 mV s−1. The fabricated ND‐Gr based SC gives a stable response for more than 5000 charging/discharging cycles. Finally, the nontoxic nature of the PVA‐KCl gel electrolyte is evaluated and confirmed through in vitro cytocompatibility assessment with adult human dermal fibroblasts cells for wearable applications.
Nonlinear Wavefront Control by Geometric‐Phase Dielectric Metasurfaces: Influence of Mode Field and Rotational Symmetry
Authors: Liu Bingyi , Sain Basudeb , Reineke Bernhard , Zhao Ruizhe , Meier Cedrik , Huang Lingling , Jiang Yongyuan , Zentgraf Thomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNonlinear Pancharatnam–Berry phase metasurfaces facilitate the nontrivial phase modulation for frequency conversion processes by leveraging photon‐spin dependent nonlinear geometric‐phases. However, plasmonic metasurfaces show some severe limitation for nonlinear frequency conversion due to the intrinsic high ohmic loss and low damage threshold of plasmonic nanostructures. Here, the nonlinear geometric‐phases associated with the third‐harmonic generation process occurring in all‐dielectric metasurfaces is studied systematically, which are composed of silicon nanofins with different in‐plane rotational symmetries. It is found that the wave coupling among different field components of the resonant fundamental field gives rise to the appearance of different nonlinear geometric‐phases of the generated third‐harmonic signals. The experimental observations of the nonlinear beam steering and nonlinear holography realized in this work by all‐dielectric geometric‐phase metasurfaces are well explained with the developed theory. This work offers a new physical picture to understand the nonlinear optical process occurring at nanoscale dielectric resonators and will help in the design of nonlinear metasurfaces with tailored phase properties.
Biodegradable Magnesium‐Based Implants in Orthopedics—A General Review and Perspectives
Authors: Wang Jia‐Li , Xu Jian‐Kun , Hopkins Chelsea , Chow Dick Ho‐Kiu , Qin Ling 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBiodegradable Mg‐based metals may be promising orthopedic implants for treating challenging bone diseases, attributed to their desirable mechanical and osteopromotive properties. This Review summarizes the current status and future research trends for Mg‐based orthopedic implants. First, the properties between Mg‐based implants and traditional orthopedic implants are compared on the following aspects: in vitro and in vivo degradation mechanisms of Mg‐based implants, peri‐implant bone responses, the fate of the degradation products, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of Mg ions on osteogenesis. Then, the preclinical studies conducted at the low weight bearing sites of animals are introduced. The innovative strategies (for example, via designing Mg‐containing hybrid systems) are discussed to address the limitations of Mg‐based metals prior to their clinical applications at weight‐bearing sites. Finally, the available clinical studies are summarized and the challenges and perspectives of Mg‐based orthopedic implants are discussed. Taken together, the progress made on the development of Mg‐based implants in basic, translational, and clinical research has laid down a foundation for developing a new era in the treatment of challenging and prevalent bone diseases.
Recent Progress of Potentiating Immune Checkpoint Blockade with External Stimuli—an Industry Perspective
Authors: Xu Jun , Saklatvala Robert , Mittal Sachin , Deshmukh Smeet , Procopio Adam 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe past decade has seen the materialization of immune checkpoint blockade as an emerging approach to cancer treatment. However, the overall response and patient survival are still modest. Various efforts to study the “cancer immunogram” have highlighted complex biology that necessitates a multipronged approach. This includes increasing the antigenicity of the tumor, strengthening the immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, removing the immunosuppressive mechanisms, and reducing immune cell exhaustion. The coordination of these approaches, as well as the ability to enhance them through delivery, is evaluated. Due to their success in multiple preclinical models, external‐stimuli‐responsive nanoparticles have received tremendous attention. Several studies report success in distantly located tumor regression, metastases, and reoccurrence in preclinical mouse models. However, clinical translation in this space remains low. Herein, the recent advancement in external‐stimuli‐responsive nanoconstruct‐synergized immune checkpoint blockade is summarized, offering an industry perspective on the limitations of current academic innovations and discussing challenges in translation from a technical, manufacturing, and regulatory perspective. These limitations and challenges will need to be addressed to establish external‐stimuli‐based therapeutic strategies for patients.
Emergence of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) is influenced by the landscape position in which seeds developed
Authors: Papiernik Sharon K. , Forcella Frank , Amundson Gary B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn a 2‐yr field study, we evaluated the emergence and early growth of Chenopodium album L. (common lambsquarters) seedlings as affected by the landscape position in which the seeds (i) developed, (ii) overwintered, and (iii) were planted. Results indicated that a higher proportion of seeds originating from lower slope positions emerged compared with seeds originating from the backslope or upper slope. The timing of emergence was the same for all seed source locations. There was no influence of overwintering location on weed emergence. Regardless of the seed source, we observed faster emergence and growth of C. album planted in the lower slope, where soil conditions were more conducive to growth. These experiments will support the development of new strategies and decision aids to improve weed management.
Enhanced Performance of Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Memory by Hole‐Barrier Modulation with an N‐Type Organic Buffer Layer between Pentacene and Polymer Electret
Authors: Wang Yiru , Lu Chao , Kang Limin , Shang Shangyang , Yin Jiang , Gao Xu , Yuan Guoliang , Xia Yidong , Liu Zhiguo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTheoretical and experimental work has revealed that a positively charged insulator layer formed by oxygen‐related defects near pentacene–dielectric interface in organic field‐effect‐transistors (OFETs) severely affects their performance. A novel OFET memory structure with an n‐type organic buffer layer at the pentacene/polymer interface is proposed. In this structure, electrons are induced on the surface of the n‐type organic layer near the interface due to the electrostatic field of the positively charged insulator and partly compensate the local positive charges at the interface, leading to a reduction in the height of hole barrier formed at the interface. On the other hand, the positive space charges will be induced in an extended region in n‐type organic layer due to the limited density of ionized donors, blocking the back transfer of holes to pentacene as a result of the thicker positively charged layer. This idea is implemented in the n‐type PTCDI‐C13‐buffered OFETs with poly(2‐vinyl naphthalene) (PVN) dielectric, in which greatly reduced P/E gate voltages, reliable P/E endurance of more than 10 000 cycles, and excellent retention time of more than 104 s with an ION/IOFF of more than 104 under a set of P/E pulses with low amplitudes and short pulses are achieved in air.
Topotactic Phase Transformation in Epitaxial SrCo1‐xFexO3−δ Thin Films
Authors: Nguyen Hien Thi Dieu , Granville Simon , Seidel Jan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEpitaxial perovskite (P) and brownmillerite (BM) SrCo0.67Fe0.33O3−δ thin films grown on (100) SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition are investigated by detailed X‐ray diffraction, conductive AFM, and SQUID magnetometry measurements regarding their structural, electronic, and magnetic properties. A topotactic phase transition between P and BM phases can be utilized to oxidize the material to stoichiometric perovskite SrCoO3.0 by wet‐chemical oxidation with NaClO. The material exhibits weak magnetic properties up to room temperature and an additional clear ferromagnetic transition near 50 K.
Influence of nitrogen rate on winter canola production in the southeastern United States
Authors: Lin Yaru , Watts Dexter B. , Torbert H. Allen , Howe Julie A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCanola (Brassica napinsL.) has the potential for being used in a double‐cropping system (two crops grown in 1 yr) as a winter crop in the humid subtropical southeastern U.S. climate, but little information is known about its nitrogen (N) management when grown in this region. Thus, a field study was conducted at two locations (Shorter, AL: Compass loamy sand; Prattville, AL: Lucedale fine sandy loam) in 2016 to determine the effect of different rates of N fertilizer on plant growth, seed yield, and N uptake of canola. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. The N rates included were 0, 68, 135, 180, 202, and 270 kg N ha−1. Linear‐plateau regression was used to evaluate the response of plant growth, seed yield, and N uptake to N rate. Overall, canola growth, yield, and N uptake were highly dependent on N fertility. Applying 180 kg N ha−1or more for canola production significantly increased plant height, plant biomass accumulation, seed yield, and N uptake compared with the unfertilized control at both locations. The linear‐plateau regression model indicated that the optimal N rate was 197–232 kg N ha−1for these southeastern U.S. soils. This study suggests that winter canola grown in a humid subtropical region of the United States can be a successful winter crop for a double‐crop production system and provide seed yields comparable to yields from major winter canola production areas.
Topography of polyp recurrence in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Grayson Jessica W. , Li William , Ho Jacqueline , Alvarado Raquel , Rimmer Janet , Sewell William A. , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundEosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS) is an inflammatory endotype of CRS. Contemporary treatment includes creation of a “neo‐sinus” cavity and postoperative corticosteroid irrigations. Not all patients gain control with local therapy. This study aims to determine, in patients with polyp recurrence, the most common sinuses involved.MethodsA prospective case‐series was conducted on consecutive adult (≥18 years) post‐FESS eCRS patients followed for a minimum of 12 months. All patients had a neo‐sinus cavity created surgically and used corticosteroid irrigations daily for 3‐6 months, then tapered to disease control. Sinus cavities were assessed by endoscopy on last follow‐up. Polyp recurrence was defined as a score of 5 or 6 in the MLMES in ≥3 sinus cavities. Patient‐reported outcomes based on SNOT22 and NSS, frequency of corticosteroid irrigations, and courses of systemic antibiotics and corticosteroid were collected. The pattern of sinus involvement was analyzed.ResultA total of 342 sinus cavities were assessed (mean ± standard deviation, 54.9 ± 13.4 years, 43.2% female). Polyp recurrence occurred in 4.3% (6.4% of patients, n = 7 unilateral) of sinus cavities. Frontal and ethmoid sinus cavities were most affected in those with polyp recurrence, compared to the maxilla and sphenoid (100% vs 100% vs 53% vs 53%, p < 0.01). Although those patients with polyp recurrence utilized more systemic corticosteroids courses per year (0.4 ± 0.4 vs 0.1 ± 0.3, p < 0.01), the use of corticosteroid irrigations was similar (% >4/week; 66.7% vs 48.9%, p = 0.13). Prior surgery was more common in patients with polyp recurrence (86.7% vs 53.5%, p = 0.01).ConclusionThe frontal and ethmoid sinuses were most affected in those patients with polyp recurrence. Whether the disease is more active in this location or topical therapy has limited access requires further evaluation.
How aggressive should resection of inverted papilloma be? Refinement of surgical planning based on the 25‐year experience of a single tertiary center
Authors: Ferrari Marco , Schreiber Alberto , Mattavelli Davide , Rampinelli Vittorio , Bertazzoni Giacomo , Tomasoni Michele , Gualtieri Tommaso , Nicolai Piero 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe technique for transnasal endoscopic resection of inverted papilloma (IP) has evolved considerably during the last 20 years. The aim of the present study is to retrospectively analyze a single tertiary center series, with special emphasis on assessing the value of an “insertion‐driven” technique on local control.MethodsPatients undergoing endoscopic resection for IP at the University of Brescia during the period 1991 to 2015 were enrolled. Site of origin and extension of IPs were assessed, together with presence of dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. Patients were divided in 3 cohorts: (1) historical cohort (treated before 2008), (2) contemporary “centripetal” cohort (treated with a traditional technique after 2008), and (3) contemporary “insertion‐driven” cohort (treated with insertion‐driven resection). Groups were compared considering outcomes and complications.ResultsThe series included 210 patients. Mean follow‐up was 77.8 months. Thirty‐eight (18.1%) patients showed precancerous changes. Maxillary involvement (p = 0.021) and presence of precancerous changes (p = 0.013) were significantly associated with a higher risk of recurrence. Five‐year local control rate before and after 2008 was 95.1% and 90.5%, respectively. The insertion‐driven cohort was associated with lower disease control when IPs involved the maxillary sinus. The rate of complications was 11.9%. The insertion‐driven cohort was associated with a lower rate of major complications (p = 0.098).ConclusionPreoperative evidence of precancerous changes and/or involvement of maxillary sinus should prompt the surgeon to address the disease more aggressively (centripetal resection). Preoperative imaging and biopsy with abundant material may optimize the chance to stratify patients eligible for less or more conservative approaches.
An Excimer Clamp for Measuring Damaged‐Base Excision by the DNA Repair Enzyme NTH1
Authors: Jun Yong Woong , Wilson David L. , Kietrys Anna M. , Lotsof Elizabeth R. , Conlon Savannah G. , David Sheila S. , Kool Eric T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDirect measurement of DNA repair enzyme activities is important both for the basic study of cellular repair pathways as well as for potential new translational applications in their associated diseases. NTH1, a major glycosylase targeting oxidized pyrimidines, prevents mutations arising from this damage, and the regulation of NTH1 activity is important in resisting oxidative stress and in suppressing tumor formation. Herein, we describe a novel molecular strategy for the direct detection of damaged DNA base excision activity by a ratiometric fluorescence change. This strategy utilizes glycosylase‐induced excimer formation of pyrenes, and modified DNA probes, incorporating two pyrene deoxynucleotides and a damaged base, enable the direct, real‐time detection of NTH1 activity in vitro and in cellular lysates. The probe design was also applied in screening for potential NTH1 inhibitors, leading to the identification of a new small‐molecule inhibitor with sub‐micromolar potency.