bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient and High‐Brightness Broad Area Laser Diodes Designed for High‐Temperature Operation
Authors: Hülsewede Ralf , Zorn Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSemiconductor laser diodes, manufactured as single emitters or laser bars, are highly desired light sources for direct material processing as well as optical pumping of fiber and solid‐state lasers. Laser diodes feature high optical output power and efficiency, long lifetimes, low maintenance and consequently low cost of ownership. To improve the usability and extend the application spectrum of high‐power laser diodes, relaxed cooling requirements ‐‐ without compromise in laser performance and lifetime ‐‐ are required. Therefore, great development efforts are made, both in externally and internally funded research projects, to push the maximum permissible operating temperature of such semiconductor laser diodes to higher levels.
Hyperspectral Imaging is Conquering the Industry
Authors: Stiefenhöfer Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConventional image processing systems have become established in automation in industrial applications in recent years. Machines that can ‘see’ can do more than systems without image processing, and this knowledge has now become established among developers and designers. While conventional 2D and 3D vision systems check the quality of objects by recognizing certain error features on the surface, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) goes one step further: with the help of this technology, spectroscopic analysis of objects can be carried out in order to determine organic or inorganic impurities ‐‐ not only on the surface, but also partly inside the inspected materials.
New strategies for synthesis of amino‐functionalized poly(propylene carbonate) over SalenCo(III)Cl catalyst
Authors: Tong Yutao , Cheng Ruihua , Yu Lingling , Liu Boping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNew strategies for synthesis of amino‐functionalized poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) were applied by terpolymerization of carbon dioxide, propylene oxide, with (a) N‐(2,3‐epoxypropyl)‐2‐phthalimide (Monomer A)/N‐(2‐oxiranylmethyl)‐1 or (b) N‐(2‐oxiranylmethyl)‐1,1‐dimethylethyl ester (Monomer B) over SalenCo(III)Cl/PPNCl catalysts system, followed by the removal of the respective protecting groups. The SalenCo(III)Cl presented high activity and yielded the terpolymer with high polycarbonate selectivity, carbonate linkage content, as well as high head‐to‐tail stereoregularity (>99%). In terpolymerization, the Monomer A contents in PPC‐Pht were easily regulated up to 12.0 mol%. However, the protecting groups could not be completely removed because of the degradation of PPC‐NH2‐A during the deprotection process. Meanwhile, when terpolymerization with Monomer B, PPC‐butoxy carbonyl was obtained varied the Monomer B contents from 1.3 to 4.5 mol%, and could be transformed completely into the amino‐functionalized PPC‐NH2‐B without significant backbone degradation. The contact angles of the functionalized PPC‐NH2s prepared by two strategies showed the expected increase in hydrophilicity with the increasing content of amino entities.
Learning from concurrent adaptive management in multiple catchments within a large environmental flows program in Australia
Authors: Watts Robyn J. , Dyer Fiona , Frazier Paul , Gawne Ben , Marsh Paul , Ryder Darren S. , Southwell Mark , Wassens Skye M. , Webb James A. , Ye Qifeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAdaptive management is central to improving outcomes of environmental water delivery. The Australian Government's Murray−Darling Basin (MDB) Plan 2012 explicitly states that adaptive management should be applied in the planning, prioritisation and use of environmental water. A Long Term Intervention Monitoring (LTIM) program was established in 2014 to evaluate responses to environmental water delivery for seven Areas within the MDB, with evaluation also undertaken at the Basin scale. Adaptive management at the Area scale was assessed using two approaches: (a) through a reflective exercise undertaken by researchers, water managers and community members and (b) through an independent review and evaluation of the program, where relevant reports were reviewed and managers and researchers involved in the LTIM program were interviewed. Both assessment approaches revealed that the scale of management actions influenced the extent to which learnings were incorporated into subsequent actions. Although there were many examples where learnings within an Area had been used to adaptively manage subsequent environmental water deliveries within that Area, there was inconsistent documentation of the processes for incorporating learnings into decision making. Although this likely limited the sharing of learnings, there were also examples where learnings from one Area had influenced environmental water management in another, suggesting that sharing between concurrent projects can increase learning. The two assessments identified ways to improve and systematically document the adaptive management learnings. With improved processes to increase reflection, documentation and sharing of learnings across projects, there is an opportunity to improve management of environmental water and ecosystem outcomes.
Delaunay triangulation‐based spatial colocation pattern mining without distance thresholds
Authors: Tran Vanha , Wang Lizhen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA spatial colocation pattern is a group of spatial features whose instances frequently appear together in close proximity to each other. The proximity of instances is generally measured by the distance between them. If the distance is smaller than a distance threshold that is specified by users, they have a neighbor relationship. However, it is difficult for users to give a suitable distance threshold and mining results also vary widely with different distance thresholds. In addition, using distance thresholds are hard to accurately obtain neighborhoods of instances in heterogeneous distribution density data sets. In this study, we propose a new method for determining the neighbor relationship of instances in space without the distance threshold based on Delaunay triangulation (DT). We design three filtering strategies, such as a feature invalid edge, a global positive edge, and a local positive edge, to constrain the original DT to accurately extract the neighborhoods of instances in space. Then, a miner called DT‐based colocation (DTC) pattern mining is developed. Different from the traditional algorithms which adopt the time‐consuming generate‐test candidate model, DTC directly collects the table instances of colocation patterns from the constrained DT by building neighboring polygons and filters prevalent patterns. We compare the results mined by DTC with by the traditional algorithms at macrolevel and microlevel on both real and synthetic data sets to prove that the DTC algorithm improves the effectiveness and fineness of mining results.
Trilateration‐based indoor localization engineering technique for visible light communication system
Authors: Naz Ayesha , M. Asif Hafiz , Umer Tariq , Ayub Shahid , Al‐Turjman Fadi 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis article is aimed at designing positioning system using visible light communication technology by incorporating three different diversity schemes, namely, transmit diversity (TD), receive diversity (RD), and angle diversity. For the TD, multiple transmitters with single receiver (MISO) is used to obtain the target location using frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and variable phase approach. To deploy RD, the proposed system comprises multiple receivers and single transmitter (SIMO). Only one transmitter's absolute coordinates are required to obtain the location coordinates of optical receivers. FDM and time division multiplexing access schemes have been utilized to transmit the unique signals by light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). To implement angle diversity, orientation of transmitter and receiver is considered for positioning purposes. Under this environment, there is no constraint for the LEDs to be installed on ceiling; they can be at any point within the room or at different heights. The information regarding spherical coordinates (representing the orientation) of LEDs (single or multiple) is used to determine the coordinates or the orientation of receiver having multiple or single photodiodes, respectively. Under multiple orientations, this system is analyzed with both scenarios, that is, MISO and
SIMO.
Autoradiographic mapping of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A in non‐human primate and human brain
Authors: Varnäs Katarina , Stepanov Vladimir , Halldin Christer 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSynaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) has been previously characterized as an imaging biomarker for assessment of synaptic density in positron emission tomography (PET) studies of patients with neurological conditions. To provide detailed maps of the brain localization of SV2A autoradiography studies were carried out using the SV2A radioligand [11C]UCB‐J and whole hemisphere sections of non‐human primate (NHP) and human brain. Binding of [11C]UCB‐J was observed in all evaluated grey matter structures of the primate brain, with highest density in the caudate nucleus and cortex and lowest density in pons and globus pallidus. The density of [11C]UCB‐J binding sites in human brain showed a good correlation with that in NHP brain. Binding of [11C]UCB‐J in the white matter was very low relative to that in grey matter containing structures and was only inhibited to a minor extent by co‐incubation with a saturating concentration of unlabelled UCB‐J. The high‐resolution images obtained in the present study may aid the interpretation of data acquired in human subjects examined using [11C]UCB‐J in PET studies. In addition, observation of low binding for [11C]UCB‐J in white matter (centrum semiovale) supports that this structure can be used as a reference region for quantitative analysis of [11C]UCB‐J PET data.
Differential network analysis: A statistical perspective
Authors: Shojaie Ali 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNetworks effectively capture interactions among components of complex systems, and have thus become a mainstay in many scientific disciplines. Growing evidence, especially from biology, suggest that networks undergo changes over time, and in response to external stimuli. In biology and medicine, these changes have been found to be predictive of complex diseases. They have also been used to gain insight into mechanisms of disease initiation and progression. Primarily motivated by biological applications, this article provides a review of recent statistical machine learning methods for inferring networks and identifying changes in their structures.This article is categorized under:Data: Types and Structure > Graph and Network DataStatistical Models > Graphical Models
Chebyshev collocation technique for vibration analysis of sandwich cylindrical shells with metal foam core
Authors: Wang Yan Qing , Ye Chao , Zhu Junguang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present vibration analysis of a metal foam core sandwich cylindrical thin shell via the Chebyshev collocation method. Three types of metal foam core are taken into account. The governing equations are derived using Hamilton's principle and the Kirchhoff‐Love shell theory. Then, the Chebyshev collocation method is developed to evaluate natural frequencies of the metal foam core sandwich cylindrical shell under various boundary conditions. Results show that the Chebyshev collocation method possesses high accuracy. Moreover, the Sym‐1 metal foam core leads to the largest stiffness of the shell while the Sym‐2 metal foam core leads to the smallest stiffness. The effects of porosity coefficient and core thickness are also highlighted on the vibration characteristics of the metal foam core sandwich cylindrical shell.
Shifts in the Security Environment
Authors: Hirsch Ballin Ernst , Dijstelbloem Huub , de Goede Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Netherlands’ security and defence policy is entering a crucial phase. Since the end of the Cold War and the ensuing apparent supremacy of American hegemony, the geopolitical force field has changed radically. The last decade has seen the emergence of a multipolar world which is creating increasing tensions that directly affect the Netherlands. This new order calls for a strategic analysis of the security environment on the basis of which defence policy, and more specifically the role of the armed forces, can be formulated.
Non-perturbative definition of the QCD energy-momentum tensor on the lattice
Authors: Dalla Brida Mattia , Giusti Leonardo , Pepe Michele 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present a strategy to define non-perturbatively the energy-momentum tensor in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) which satisfies the appropriate Ward identities and has the right trace anomaly. The tensor is defined by regularizing the theory on a lattice, and by fixing its renormalization constants non-perturbatively by suitable Ward identities associated to the Poincaré invariance of the continuum theory. The latter are derived in thermal QCD with a non-zero imaginary chemical potential formulated in a moving reference frame. A renormalization group analysis leads to simple renormalization- group-invariant definitions of the gluonic and fermionic contributions to either the singlet or the non-singlet components of the tensor, and therefore of their form factors among physical states. The lattice discussion focuses on the Wilson discretization of quark fields but the strategy is general. Specific to that case, we also carry out the analysis for the on-shell O(a)-improvement of the energy-momentum tensor. The renormalization and improvement programs profit from the fact that, as shown here, the thermal theory enjoys de-facto automatic O(a)-improvement at finite temperature. The validity of the proposal is scrutinized analytically by a study to 1-loop order in lattice perturbation theory with shifted and twisted (for quarks only) boundary conditions. The latter provides also additional useful insight for a precise non-perturbative calculation of the renormalization constants. The strategy proposed here is accessible to Monte Carlo computations, and in this sense it provides a practical way to define non-perturbatively the energy-momentum tensor in QCD.
Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin (TCM) – vom Mythos zur Evidenz
Authors: Hempen Carl-Hermann , Hummelsberger Josef 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin (TCM) ist heute das umfassendste, weltweit am weitesten verbreitete traditionelle Medizinsystem.Ursprünglich erschien die TCM in unserem westlichen Kontext als ein seltsames, mythologisches Gebilde, jedoch wurde durch die Überwindung der sprachlichen Hürden ein Verständnis möglich. Physiologie, Diagnostik und die klinische Anwendung wurden anwendbar und validierbar.Im Jahr 1998 wurde durch das US-amerikanische National Insitute of Health erstmals eine Konsensuskonferenz zur Akupunktur durchgeführt. Seither werden Akupunktur und die TCM allgemein durch methodologisch gute Studien erforscht. Für die Akupunktur gibt es bereits Evidenz für die Wirksamkeit über Schmerztherapie und Allergie hinaus. Auch werden die Wirkmechanismen der Akupunktur bspw. durch Studien mit funktioneller Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT) besser verstanden.Auch für die chinesische Arzneitherapie (TCA) gibt es für einige Bereiche positive Metaanalysen und Studien. Hier besteht aber noch in großem Umfang Forschungsbedarf. Es zeigen sich Chancen für die Entwicklung neuer Medikamente und Rezepturen für die (Begleit‑)Behandlung im Bereich von Infekten, Autoimmunkrankheiten, Krebs, Stoffwechsel- sowie dermatologischen und gastrointestinalen Krankheiten.Für die weitere Evaluierung der TCM, aber auch für eine integrative, kritische Anwendung in der Praxis der TCM ist eine fundierte Ausbildung von Ärzten dringend erforderlich, eine weitere Institutionalisierung ist für die Patientensicherheit und Orientierung geboten.Die TCM scheint aus der Grauzone des rein Mystischen herausgetreten zu sein, sie kann Chancen für eine bessere Patientenversorgung bieten. In vielen Teilen besteht und wächst die Evidenz für TCM, es ist aber weiter dringend umfassende Forschung erforderlich. Diese sollte unabhängig gefördert werden.
Surface carboxylation or PEGylation decreases CuO nanoparticles’ cytotoxicity to human cells in vitro without compromising their antibacterial properties
Authors: Kubo Anna-Liisa , Vasiliev Grigory , Vija Heiki , Krishtal Jekaterina , Tõugu Vello , Visnapuu Meeri , Kisand Vambola , Kahru Anne , Bondarenko Olesja M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClinical use of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) as antibacterials can be hampered by their toxicity to human cells. We hypothesized that certain surface functionalizations of CuO NPs may render NPs toxic to bacteria, but still be relatively harmless to human cells. To control this hypothesis, the toxicity of differently functionalized CuO NPs to bacteria Escherichia coli vs human cells (THP-1 macrophages and HACAT keratinocytes) was compared using similar conditions and end points. CuO NPs functionalized with polyethylene glycol (CuO–PEG), carboxyl (CuO–COOH, anionic), ammonium (CuO–NH4+, cationic) and unfunctionalized CuO NPs and CuSO4 (controls) were tested. In general, the toxicity of Cu compounds decreased in the following order: CuO–NH4+ > unfunctionalized CuO > CuSO4 > CuO–COOH > CuO–PEG. Positively charged unfunctionalized CuO and especially CuO–NH4+ proved most toxic (24-h EC50 = 21.7–47 mg/l) and had comparable toxicity to bacterial and mammalian cells. The multivariate analysis revealed that toxicity of these NPs was mostly attributed to their positive zeta potential, small hydrodynamic size, high Cu dissolution, and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and TNF-α. In contrast, CuO–COOH and CuO–PEG NPs had lower toxicity to human cells compared to bacteria despite efficient uptake of these NPs by human cells. In addition, these NPs did not induce TNF-α and ROS. Thus, by varying the NP functionalization and Cu form (soluble salt vs NPs), it was possible to “target” the toxicity of Cu compounds, whereas carboxylation and PEGylation rendered CuO NPs that were more toxic to bacteria than to human cells envisaging their use in medical antibacterial products.
Targeted next-generation sequencing identified novel mutations associated with hereditary anemias in Brazil
Authors: Svidnicki M. C. C. M. , Zanetta G. K. , Congrains-Castillo A. , Costa F. F. , Saad S. T. O. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHereditary anemias are a group of heterogeneous disorders including hemolytic anemias and hyporegenerative anemias, as congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA). Causative mutations occur in a wide range of genes leading to deficiencies in red cell production, structure, or function. The genetic screening of the main genes is important for timely diagnosis, since routine laboratory tests fail in a percentage of the cases, appropriate treatment decisions, and genetic counseling purposes. A conventional gene-by-gene sequencing approach is expensive and highly time-consuming, due to the genetic complexity of these diseases. To overcome this problem, we customized a targeted sequencing panel covering 35 genes previously associated to red cell disorders. We analyzed 36 patients, and potentially pathogenic variants were identified in 26 cases (72%). Twenty variants were novel. Remarkably, mutations in the SPTB gene (β-spectrin) were found in 34.6% of the patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS), suggesting that SPTB is a major HS gene in the Southeast of Brazil. We also identified two cases with dominant HS presenting null mutations in trans with α-LELY in SPTA1 gene. This is the first comprehensive genetic analysis for hereditary anemias in the Brazilian population, contributing to a better understanding of the genetic basis and phenotypic consequences of these rare conditions in our population.
Combining two grading systems: the clinical validity and inter-observer variability of the 1973 and 2004 WHO bladder cancer classification systems assessed in a UK cohort with 15 years of prospective follow-up
Authors: Mariappan Paramananthan , Fineron Paul , O’Donnell Marie , Gailer Ruth M. , Watson David J. , Smith Gordon , Grigor Kenneth M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Paucity of reliable long-term data on the prognostic implications of the 2004 WHO bladder cancer classification system necessitates utilisation of both this and the 1973 grading systems. This study evaluated, in noninvasive (pTa) bladder tumours, the prognostic value of the 2004 system independently and in combination with the 1973 system while establishing concordance between tertiary centre uropathologists.

Methods
We used a cohort of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients diagnosed between 1991 and 93 where tumour features were gathered prospectively with detailed cystoscopic follow-up data recorded over 15 years. Initial grading was by one senior expert uropathologist (UP1) using the 1973 WHO classification alone. Subsequently, two other expert uropathologists (UP2 and UP3), blinded to the previous grading, re-evaluated the pathology slides and graded the tumours using both the 1973 and 2004 systems. Association between grade and recurrence/progression was analysed and the Cohen Kappa test assessed concordance between pathologists.

Results
Of 370 new NMIBC, 229 were staged noninvasive (pTa). Recurrence rates were 46.2% and 50.0% for LGPUC (low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma) and HGPUC (high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma), respectively, while progression was seen in 3.9% and 10.0% of LGPUC and HGPUC, respectively. Concordance between uropathologists UP2 and UP3 for the 2004 and 1973 systems was good (Kappa = 0.69) and fair (Kappa = 0.25), respectively.

Conclusions
With good inter-observer concordance, the 2004 WHO classification system of noninvasive bladder tumours appears to accurately predict recurrence and progression risks. The combination of both grading systems to low-grade tumours allows further refinement of the natural history.
Multiple environmental controls explain global patterns in soil animal communities
Authors: Johnston Alice S. A. , Sibly Richard M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSoil animals play important roles in ecosystem functioning and stability, but the environmental controls on their communities are not fully understood. In this study, we compiled a dataset of soil animal communities for which the abundance and body mass of multiple soil animal groups were recorded. The mass–abundance scaling relationships were then used to investigate multiple environmental controls on soil animal community composition. The data reveal latitudinal shifts from high abundances of small soil animals at high latitudes to greater relative abundances of large soil animals at low latitudes. A hierarchical linear mixed effects model was applied to reveal the environmental variables shaping these latitudinal trends. The final hierarchical model identified mean annual temperature, soil pH and soil organic carbon content as key environmental controls explaining global mass–abundance scaling relationships in soil animal communities (R2c = 0.828, Ngroup = 117). Such relationships between soil biota with climate and edaphic conditions have been previously identified for soil microbial, but not soil animal, communities at a global scale. More comprehensive global soil community datasets are needed to better understand the generality of these relationships over a broader range of global ecosystems and soil animal groups.