bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent‐early adolescent relationship quality and problem behavior in Hungary, the Netherlands, India, and Iceland
Authors: Hillekens Jessie , Buist Kirsten L. , Horváth Lili O. , Koper Natasha , Ólafsdóttir Jóna , Karkdijk Esther , Balázs Judit 
Published: July 2020

Higher parent‐child relationship quality has been associated with less internalizing and externalizing problem behavior. However, it remained less clear whether these associations are universal or depend on the country under investigation. Furthermore, fathers are still understudied, even though there is increasing evidence of their important role in early adolescent development. Our study compared the association of mother‐child as well as father‐child relationship quality with early adolescents’ problem behavior in four culturally different countries, namely Hungary (N = 293; Mage = 11.22; 53% boys), the Netherlands (N = 242; Mage = 11.20; 48% boys), India (N = 230; Mage = 10.68; 61% boys), and Iceland (N = 261; Mage = 10.90; 53% boys). Early adolescents filled out questionnaires in their classroom, assessing warmth and conflict with fathers and mothers and internalizing and externalizing problem behavior. Stepwise multi‐group path analysis demonstrated no cross‐cultural differences in associations between quality of the parent‐child relationship and problem behavior. We did not find any effects of maternal or paternal warmth. However, across samples conflict with mothers was associated with more internalizing and externalizing problem behavior, and conflict with fathers was associated with more externalizing problem behavior. Our findings highlight the need to target conflict with both fathers and mothers in interventions across different countries, especially when addressing externalizing problem behavior.
A typology of household livelihood changes in rural coastal areas of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta—Capturing the heterogeneity and complexity of the social‐ecological context
Authors: Pham Thi Thanh Hoai , Revilla Diez Javier , Garschagen Matthias 
Published: July 2020

Over the last decades, the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) has experienced drastic political, socio‐economic, and ecological changes. On a conceptual level, numerous studies started to emphasize that livelihood shifts are driven by not only climate but also socio‐economic and institutional changes. Nevertheless, on an analytical and operational level, research taking up both aspects of social and ecological changes in analysing the dynamics of livelihood is still lacking. This paper therefore is to present a typology of livelihood transitions to capture complex sets and interactions of environmental and non‐environmental drives for livelihood changes. The paper thus aims at providing a valid representation of the shifts on the ground that can also be used in policy‐making and future research. Using data from a household survey conducted in three provinces (n = 524), we propose a typology of six livelihood‐change trends that reflects the level of intensity of agrarian adjustments, particularly system‐shift versus diversification, as well as the role of non‐agricultural income changes. The typology allows further analysis of characteristics of the six household groups respectively, thereby facilitating the identification of enabling factors and barriers to sustainable livelihood improvements. This classification method can also be transferred to develop similar household livelihood‐change typologies in other contexts.
Capability for suicide: Discrimination as a painful and provocative event
Authors: Brooks Jasmin R. , Hong Judy H. , Cheref Soumia , Walker Rheeda L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveDeveloping the capability to die by suicide, and overcoming one's natural instinct of self‐preservation, is thought to occur as a result of habituation to the fear and pain surrounding suicide. However, investigations of suicide capability have yet to examine whether perceived discrimination serves as a painful and provocative event that contributes to capability for suicide. The purpose of the current study was to examine the association of perceived discrimination and suicide capability for Black and White adults.MethodThe study sample included 173 Black adults (67.6% female; Mage = 23.18, SD = 5.74) and 272 White adults (60.7% female; Mage = 22.80, SD = 5.90). Participants completed a questionnaire battery that included measures of perceived discrimination, depression, and suicide ideation.ResultsRegression analyses revealed for Black adults (but not White adults), perceived discrimination was associated with an increased capability for suicide after accounting for depressive symptomatology, suicide ideation, non‐discriminatory painful and provocative events experienced, age, and gender (β = .226, t = 3.154, p = .002).ConclusionsThese findings provide preliminary evidence that perceived discrimination may play a role in suicide capability for Black adults and highlight the importance of considering contextual experiences when examining suicidality in underserved groups.
Pre‐ and post‐natal factors and physical activity in childhood: The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study
Authors: Bernhardsen Guro Pauck , Stensrud Trine , Nystad Wenche , Ekelund Ulf 
Published: July 2020

Few studies have examined the possibility that pre‐ and post‐natal factors may be non‐linearly associated with later physical activity. We used data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study (MoBa) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN), including 48 672 children with available data on leisure time physical activity (LTPA) at child's age 7 years. Restricted cubic and linear splines or linear regression was used to examine the associations between maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI, birth weight for gestational age, and infant weight gain from birth to 1 year with LTPA (frequency/wk) in 7‐year‐old children. The results suggest no associations between maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI, birth weight, and infant weight gain on subsequent LTPA in girls. Maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI and birth weight may be non‐linearly associated with LTPA in 7‐year‐old boys. Infant weight gain (change in weight z‐score from birth to 1 year) may be weakly linearly associated with LTPA in boys. Pre‐ and post‐natal factors may therefore influence LTPA in childhood differently in boys and girls. Maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI and birth weight are positively associated with LTPA at the lower ends of the maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI and birth weight continuums in boys. The negative associations at the higher ends of the continuums and the positive association between infant weight gain and LTPA in boys may not be important and needs further replication.
Why Parfit Can Rebut JohnstonʼsReductio
Authors: Ehring Douglas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHenry Pollock, in “Parfit's Fission Dilemma: Why Relation R Doesn't Matter”, examines the options available to Parfit for defending his “argument from below” from Johnstonʼsreductioobjection. Pollock argues that Parfitʼs proposed defence against Johnston fails. In this article, I argue that Pollockʼs objections to Parfitʼs defence can be resisted.
Thawed solvent/detergent‐treated plasma demonstrates comparable clinical efficacy to thawed plasma
Authors: Racine‐Brzostek Sabrina E. , Canver Matthew C. , DeSimone Robert A. , Zdravkova Milena , Lo Dian T. , Crowley Kathleen M. , Hsu Yen‐Michael S. , Vasovic Ljiljana V. , Hill Shanna Sykes , Cushing Melissa M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThawed Plasma (TP), plasma thawed and refrigerated for up to 5 days, is a commonly transfused plasma product. This pilot study was conducted to determine whether Thawed Solvent/Detergent‐treated Plasma stored refrigerated for up to 5‐days post‐thaw (T‐S/D) was as efficacious as TP.Study Design and MethodsThis single institution retrospective cohort analysis evaluated the efficacy of T‐S/D in reversing coagulopathies in comparison to TP. Utilizing the institution's electronic medical records, transfusion data were collected in adult patients who received either TP or T‐S/D. The primary outcome was the incidence of subsequent transfusions within 24 hours after first dose of either type of plasma. Secondary outcomes included the number of blood products transfused within 24 hours of first‐dose plasma, correction of pre‐transfusion coagulation laboratory values, volume transfused, and clinical outcomes.ResultsTP was received by 301 patients and 137 received T‐S/D during the first 32 months post‐implementation of T‐S/D. There was no difference in incidence of subsequent transfusions or number of blood products given. The median pre‐INR of both the TP and T‐S/D cohorts was 1.9, with a similar decrease in INR of 0.2 and 0.3 (p = 0.36), respectively, post plasma transfusion. There was no difference in correction of PT/aPTT, mortality, transfusion reactions, readmission rates, length of stay, or inpatient deep venous thrombosis. The median volume of T‐S/D plasma transfused for the first dose was 126 mL less than TP (p = .0001).ConclusionT‐S/D was as efficacious as TP for the treatment of coagulopathies and the reversal of coagulation laboratory values.
Influence of blood flow occlusion on muscular recruitment and fatigue during maximal‐effort small muscle‐mass exercise
Authors: Hammer Shane M. , Alexander Andrew M. , Didier Kaylin D. , Barstow Thomas J. 
Published: July 2020

Key points
The heavy‐to‐severe intensity exercise threshold (i.e. critical force) distinguishes between steady‐state and progressive metabolic and neuromuscular responses to exercise.
High levels of skeletal muscle sensory feedback related to peripheral fatigue development are thought to restrict motor unit activation and limit exercise tolerance.
Utilizing limb blood flow occlusion, we demonstrate that critical force reflects an oxygen‐delivery‐dependent balance between motor unit activation and peripheral fatigue development.
Our findings suggest that mechanisms which determine the total force‐producing capacity of exercising skeletal muscle are significantly altered during blood flow occlusion.
These findings may have widespread implications for exercise tolerance in patient populations who experience partial vascular occlusion or altered neuromuscular reflexes.
AbstractHigh levels of muscle sensory feedback restrict motor unit activation and limit exercise tolerance. The roles of muscle fatigue development and motor unit activation in determining the heavy‐ to severe‐intensity threshold (critical force; CF) remain unclear. This study utilized blood flow occlusion (OCC) to determine relationships between muscle fatigue development and motor unit activation during the determination of CF. We hypothesized that (1) OCC would exacerbate peripheral fatigue development and increase the rate of motor unit deactivation, and (2) blood flow reperfusion (REP) would result in muscle recovery and re‐recruitment of motor units despite continuous maximal effort, (3) resulting in an end‐exercise force not different from CF. Seven young, healthy subjects performed maximal‐effort rhythmic handgrip exercise for 5 min under control conditions (CON) and during OCC and REP. Peripheral fatigue development and motor unit activation were measured via electrical stimulation and electromyography, respectively, during each test. OCC resulted in significantly greater peripheral fatigue development than CON (54.3 ± 34.8%; P < 0.001). Motor unit deactivation was only observed during OCC (P < 0.001). REP resulted in significant peripheral recovery (P < 0.001) and the re‐recruitment of motor units (P < 0.001) to levels not different from CON. While OCC resulted in a significantly greater reduction in force production compared to CON (65.7 ± 35.6%; P < 0.001), REP resulted in the restoration of maximal‐effort force production (266 ± 19 N; P < 0.001) to levels not different from CF (276 ± 55 N). These data suggest that CF reflects an oxygen‐delivery‐dependent balance between motor unit activation and peripheral fatigue development. Furthermore, this study established that mechanisms which determine the total force‐producing capacity of exercising skeletal muscle are altered during OCC.
Physical Activity Measured by Accelerometry in Mozambican Older Adult Women Attending a Regular Exercise Program
Authors: Daca Timóteo , Prista António , Tchonga Francisco , Crochemore-Silva Inacio , Reichert Felipe F. , Farinatti Paulo , Tani Go 
Published: July 2020

Time spent in different Physical Activity (PA) Intensities of 72 Mozambican older adult women (67 ± 7 years old) was assessed by means of triaxial accelerometers for 7 consecutive days, and participants were stratified based on their body mass index, as being normal weight (NW, n = 23); overweight (n = 16); or obese (OB, n = 33). Overall, most daily time was spent in sedentary activities (614 ± 111 min or 69.1%) and light PA (181 ± 56 min or 20.2%). On average, moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was performed during 10.6% of the day (93 ± 44 min). Time spent in MVPA was significantly higher in the NW compared to OB category (112.8 ± 51.5 vs. 81.0 ± 36.3; p = .021). The overweight group did not differ in time spent in MVPA when compared to NW and OB group. Overall, 75% of the participants spent more than 60 min a day in MVPA (NW: 83%; overweight: 81%; OB: 67%). Pearson’s correlation between body mass index and total MVPA controlling for age was −.39 (p < .001). It was concluded that Mozambican older adult women living in urban and rural areas of Maputo province engaged in relatively high Physical Activity Intensities compared with individuals of similar ages in high-income countries, regardless of their nutritional status.
Recreational Therapy to Promote Mobility in Long-Term Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Yang Yijian , van Schooten Kimberley S. , McKay Heather A. , Sims-Gould Joanie , Hoang Raymond A. , Robinovitch Stephen N. 
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study was to explore and synthesize evidence on the effectiveness and implementation of recreational therapy programs to enhance mobility outcomes (e.g., balance, functional performance, fall incidence) for older adults in long-term care. The authors conducted a scoping review of 66 studies following the PRISMA guidelines. Two independent reviewers evaluated each article, and a third reviewer resolved discrepancies. Randomized controlled studies provided strong to moderate evidence that tai chi programs, walking, dancing, and ball games improve flexibility, functional mobility, and balance. Studies assessing program implementation highlighted that program delivery was facilitated by clear instruction, encouragement, attendance documentation, and minimal equipment. This review elucidated the benefit of recreational therapy programs on mobility. It also identified the need for customized programs based on individuals’ interests and their physical and mental abilities. These findings and recommendations will assist practitioners in designing effective and feasible recreational therapy programs for long-term care.
The life cycle of subcontinental peridotites: From rifted continental margins to mountains via subduction processes
Authors: Vannucchi Paola , Morgan Jason P. , Polonia Alina , Molli Giancarlo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Serpentinization greatly affects the physical and chemical properties of lithospheric mantle. Here we address the fate of serpentinized peridotites and their influence over an entire Wilson cycle. We document the near-surface journey of serpentinized subcontinental peridotites exhumed during rifting and continental breakup, reactivated as buoyant material during subduction, and ultimately emplaced as “ophiolite-like” fragments within orogenic belts. This life cycle is particularly well documented in former Tethys margins, where recent studies describe the ongoing incorporation of Mesozoic serpentinized subcontinental peridotites that diapirically rise from a subducting lower plate’s mantle to be emplaced into the accretionary prism in front of a continental arc. This newly recognized mode of subduction-linked serpentine diapirism from the downgoing lithospheric slab is consistent with the origin of some exhumed serpentinized subcontinental peridotites in the Apennines (Italy), these assemblages reaching their present locations during Alpine orogenesis. Transfer of serpentinized subcontinental peridotites from the downgoing to the overriding plate motivates the concept of a potentially “leaky” subduction channel. Weak serpentine bodies may in fact rise into, preferentially migrate within, and eventually leave the intraplate shear zone, leading to strong lateral heterogeneities in its composition and mechanical strength.
A NICE perspective on computable biomedical knowledge
Authors: Mitchell Andrew 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionThe National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) plays a central role in the NHS. We distill knowledge of best practice from the best available sources of evidence and share this across the health and care system, typically in the form of recommendations. We want to ensure that this knowledge is shared in a form that supports improved decision making by professionals working together with patients, leading to improved outcomes. Understanding the role of computable knowledge in the context of a learning health system is therefore of deep interest to NICE.MethodsThe Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) 4 levels of knowledge have been used as a framework to review current NICE products and services and envisage how they may need to evolve.DiscussionNICE is mostly still at level 1 of the AHRQ knowledge hierarchy but aspires to work towards structured and computable products. The NHS Long Term Plan makes clear that the wider health and care system is seeking to drive up interoperability with standards for data exchange at the heart of this. NICE Connect is the name given to NICE’s ambition to change in order to keep pace with changing technologies, advances in guideline development and analytical methods and the shifting needs of the system, and to ensure that it can sustainably and efficiently manage its portfolio of guidance. It is seen as crucial that NICE Connect and the wider Mobilising Computable Biomedical Knowledge (MCBK) agenda align for either of them to truly succeed.
PROMISE (Program Refinements to Optimize Model Impact and Scalability based on Evidence): a cluster-randomised, stepped-wedge trial assessing effectiveness of the revised versus original Ryan White Part A HIV Care Coordination Programme for patients with barriers to treatment in the USA
Authors: Irvine Mary K , Levin Bruce , Robertson McKaylee M , Penrose Katherine , Carmona Jennifer , Harriman Graham , Braunstein Sarah L , Nash Denis 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionGrowing evidence supports combining social, behavioural and biomedical strategies to strengthen the HIV care continuum. However, combination interventions can be resource-intensive and challenging to scale up. Research is needed to identify intervention components and delivery models that maximise uptake, engagement and effectiveness. In New York City (NYC), a multicomponent Ryan White Part A-funded medical case management intervention called the Care Coordination Programme (CCP) was launched at 28 agencies in 2009 in order to address barriers to care and treatment. Effectiveness estimates based on >7000 clients enrolled by April 2013 and their controls indicated modest CCP benefits over ‘usual care’ for short-term and long-term viral suppression, with substantial room for improvement.Methods and analysisIntegrating evaluation findings and CCP service-provider and community-stakeholder input on modifications, the NYC Health Department packaged a Care Coordination Redesign (CCR) in a 2017 request for proposals. Following competitive re-solicitation, 17 of the original CCP-implementing agencies secured contracts. These agencies were randomised within matched pairs to immediate or delayed CCR implementation. Data from three 9-month periods (pre-implementation, partial implementation and full implementation) will be examined to compare CCR versus CCP effects on timely viral suppression (TVS, within 4 months of enrolment) among individuals with unsuppressed HIV viral load newly enrolling in the CCR/CCP. Based on current enrolment (n=933) and the pre-implementation outcome probability (TVS=0.54), the detectable effect size with 80% power is an OR of 2.75 (relative risk: 1.41).Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Institutional Review Board (IRB, Protocol 18–009) and the City University of New York Integrated IRB (Protocol 018–0057) with a waiver of informed consent. Findings will be disseminated via publications, conferences, stakeholder meetings, and Advisory Board meetings with implementing agency representatives.Trial registration numberRegistered with ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier:NCT03628287, V.2, 25 September 2019; pre-results.
Implementation of blood glucose self-monitoring among insulin-dependent patients with type 2 diabetes in three rural districts in Rwanda: 6 months open randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ng'ang'a Loise , Ngoga Gedeon , Dusabeyezu Symaque , Hedt-Gauthier Bethany L , Ngamije Patient , Habiyaremye Michel , Harerimana Emmanuel , Ndayisaba Gilles , Rusangwa Christian , Niyonsenga Simon Pierre , Bavuma Charlotte M , Bukhman Gene , Adler Alma J , Kateera Fredrick , Park Paul H. 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionMost patients diagnosed with diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) present with poorly controlled blood glucose, which is associated with increased risks of complications and greater financial burden on both the patients and health systems. Insulin-dependent patients with diabetes in SSA lack appropriate home-based monitoring technology to inform themselves and clinicians of the daily fluctuations in blood glucose. Without sufficient home-based data, insulin adjustments are not data driven and adopting individual behavioural change for glucose control in SSA does not have a systematic path towards improvement.Methods and analysisThis study explores the feasibility and impact of implementing self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in patients with type 2 diabetes in rural Rwandan districts. This is an open randomised controlled trial comprising of two arms: (1) Intervention group—participants will receive a glucose metre, blood test strips, logbook, waste management box and training on how to conduct SMBG in additional to usual care and (2) Control group—participants will receive usual care, comprising of clinical consultations and routine monthly follow-up. We will conduct qualitative interviews at enrolment and at the end of the study to assess knowledge of diabetes. At the end of the study period, we will interview clinicians and participants to assess the perceived usefulness, facilitators and barriers of SMBG. The primary outcomes are change in haemoglobin A1c, fidelity to SMBG protocol by patients, appropriateness and adverse effects resulting from SMBG. Secondary outcomes include reliability and acceptability of SMBG and change in the quality of life of the participants.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Rwanda National Ethics Committee (Kigali, Rwanda No.102/RNEC/2018). We will disseminate the findings of this study through presentations within our study settings, scientific conferences and publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberPACTR201905538846394; pre-results.