bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CNS macrophages differentially rely on an intronicCsf1renhancer for their development
Authors: Munro David A. D. , Bradford Barry M. , Mariani Samanta A. , Hampton David W. , Vink Chris S. , Chandran Siddharthan , Hume David A. , Pridans Clare , Priller Josef 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe central nervous system hosts parenchymal macrophages, known as microglia, and non-parenchymal macrophages, collectively termed border-associated macrophages (BAMs). Microglia, but not BAMs, were reported to be absent in mice lacking a conserved Csf1r enhancer: the fms-intronic regulatory element (FIRE). However, it is unknown whether FIRE deficiency also impacts BAM arrival and/or maintenance. Here, we show that macrophages in the ventricular system of the brain, including Kolmer's epiplexus macrophages, are absent in Csf1rΔFIRE/ΔFIRE mice. Stromal choroid plexus BAMs are also considerably reduced. During normal development, we demonstrate that intracerebroventricular macrophages arrive from embryonic day 10.5, and can traverse ventricular walls in embryonic slice cultures. In Csf1rΔFIRE/ΔFIRE embryos, the arrival of both primitive microglia and intracerebroventricular macrophages was eliminated, whereas the arrival of cephalic mesenchyme and stromal choroid plexus BAMs was only partially restricted. Our results provide new insights into the development and regulation of different CNS macrophage populations.
Psychological burden of the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated factors among frontline doctors of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Barua Lingkan , Zaman Muhammed Shahriar , Omi Fardina Rahman , Faruque Mithila 
Published: December 2020

Background: Frontline doctors are the most vulnerable and high-risk population to get the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance and fear of COVID-19 among frontline doctors of Bangladesh during the pandemic, and the associated factors for these psychological symptoms. Methods: In total, 370 frontline doctors who were involved in the treatment of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients during the pandemic took part in an online cross-sectional study. Recruitment was completed using convenience sampling and the data were collected after the start of community transmission of COVID-19 in the country. Anxiety and depression, sleep disturbance, and fear of COVID-19 were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-4, two-item version of the Sleep Condition Indicator, and the Fear of Coronavirus-19 scale, respectively. Socio-demographic information, health service-related information, co-morbidity, and smoking history were collected for evaluating risk factors. The proportion of psychological symptoms were presented using descriptive statistics and the associated factors were identified using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: Of the doctors, 36.5% had anxiety, 38.4% had depression, 18.6% had insomnia, and 31.9% had fear of COVID-19. In multinomial logistic regression, inadequate resources in the workplace were found as the single most significant predictor for all psychological outcomes: anxiety and/or depression (severe, OR 3.0, p=0.01; moderate, OR 5.3, p=0.000; mild, OR 2.3, p=0.003), sleep disturbance (moderate, OR 1.9, p=0.02), and fear of COVID-19 (severe, OR 1.9, p=0.03; moderate, OR 1.8, p=0.03). Conclusions: The study demonstrated a high burden of psychological symptoms among frontline doctors of Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Inadequate resources are contributing to the poor mental health of Bangladeshi doctors. The supply of sufficient resources in workplaces and mental health counseling may help to mitigate the burden of the psychological symptoms identified among the respondents..
Factors influencing non-adherence to opioids in cancer patients: a mixed-methods cross-sectional study
Authors: Seangrung Rattaphol , Ahuja Mallika , Pasutharnchat Koravee , Mahawan Rungwipha 
Published: December 2020

Background: Strong opioids are mainly utilized to attenuate pain in cancer patients. Adherence to analgesic drugs significantly promotes adequate pain management and improves quality of life. We aimed to identify the factors influencing non-adherence to strong opioids in cancer patients. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, two-phased, mixed methods design was conducted prospectively to evaluate a cohort of 101 cancer patients who are currently prescribed strong opioids from a pain clinic in Thailand between January and March 2018. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire that included the following sections: general characteristics; the Medication Taking Behavior in Thai (MTB-Thai) for assessing adherence to medications; and factors influencing nonadherence, which were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. In addition, face-to-face in depth interviews were conducted with patients showing non-adherence to strong opioids (MTB-Thai score ≤21) and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: Of 101 cancer pain patients that completed the questionnaire, 39.6% showed non-adherence to strong opioids. Illness understanding (P=0.047) and the use of more than three types of pain medication (P=0.032) were significant factors influencing non-adherence. Qualitative analysis indicated that fear of long-term outcomes, opioid side effects, ineffective pain control, attempts to make the regimen more acceptable, poor understanding, and non-acceptance of disease related to non-adherence. Conclusion: Non-adherence to opioids for cancer patients is a common problem. Awareness of patient factors, medication-related factors, and illness-related factors will provide the knowledge and adequate advice that may enhance adherence to medications.
Analysis of cancer diagnoses from 2015-2019 within Machakos County, Kenya, support establishment of Cancer Centre in 2019 likely changing referral patterns
Authors: Kamita Moses , Mweni Sharon , Nzioka Ancent , Figueroa Jonine D. , Makokha Francis 
Published: December 2020

Background: In Kenya, cancer is an increasing public health challenge, with an estimated 48,000 new cancer cases and over 33,000 deaths recorded each year. Machakos County, Kenya, recently opened a cancer centre with an aim of bringing cancer services such as surgical oncology, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and pathological services closer to the residents of Machakos County. The county is also one of four counties selected for the universal health coverage pilot programme making it uniquely poised to inform cancer control programs at the local, national, and international levels. Methods: This study aimed to build a cancer database to enable future population-based cancer studies by reviewing cancer diagnosis records for selected major public hospitals in Machakos County from 2015-2019. Medical records data were retrieved from Machakos Level 5 Hospital and Kangundo, Matuu, Kathiani and Mwala Level 4 Hospitals. Results: A total of 522 cancer cases were recorded across the study period with more than a third (N=172, 33%) diagnosed August-December of 2019 when the Machakos Cancer Centre opened. Among the cancers diagnosed, the majority were in women (59.2%), with cervix uteri (n=106, 34.3%) followed by breast (n=62, 20.1%) as the most common cancers. For males, oesophagus (n=52, 24.4%) followed by prostate (n=43, 20.2%) were the most common cancer types. The highest crude rates per 100,000 persons were for Kangundo 67.4 and Matungulu 53.2 subcounties. Conclusion: It is clear that access to cancer care treatment will change referral patterns for residents in Machakos County and with the establishment of this database we expect to enable future population-based surveillance of the cancer burden and research studies, to inform cancer control programs.
Psychological features of the pre-test conversation as a separate stage of psychophysiological research
Authors: Vahnina Viktoriya , Naumova Svetlana 
Published: December 2020

The article deals with questions of ensuring the legality and moral aspects of the pre-test conversation, the tactical basis of these actions. A polygraph examiner, taking into account the subjects and the correlation of ethics and psychological impact at all stages. The main task of the interviewing polygraph examiner is to obtain testimony from the subject, which contains reliable, comprehensive evidence-based information (factual data) regarding circumstances known to the latter that are relevant to the study.
The relevance of solving these problems is also caused by the fact that the polygraph examiner should inspire confidence, as well as be an example of respect for the law and moral standards, and the correct application of the rule of law and the establishment of mutual contact during the preparatory phase affects the veracity of the answers to further research. The article studies the features of the pre-test conversation as a separate stage of psychophysiological research using a polygraph.
The object of the study is the features of the pre-test conversation as a separate stage of psychophysiological research using a polygraph. The subject of the study is a pre-test conversation of a psychophysiological study using a polygraph.
In the process of the study, a general characteristic of the psychological capabilities of revealing hidden information was revealed, the meaning, objectives, goals and techniques used in the pre-test conversation as a preliminary stage of a psychophysiological study using a polygraph are examined.
The characteristics and extent of food industry involvement in peer-reviewed research articles from 10 leading nutrition-related journals in 2018
Authors: Sacks Gary , Riesenberg Devorah , Mialon Melissa , Dean Sarah , Cameron Adrian J. 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThere is emerging evidence that food industry involvement in nutrition research may bias research findings and/or research agendas. However, the extent of food industry involvement in nutrition research has not been systematically explored. This study aimed to identify the extent of food industry involvement in peer-reviewed articles from a sample of leading nutrition-related journals, and to examine the extent to which findings from research involving the food industry support industry interests.MethodsAll original research articles published in 2018 in the top 10 most-cited nutrition- and dietetics-related journals were analysed. We evaluated the proportion of articles that disclosed involvement from the food industry, including through author affiliations, funding sources, declarations of interest or other acknowledgments. Principal research findings from articles with food industry involvement, and a random sample of articles without food industry involvement, were categorised according to the extent to which they supported relevant food industry interests.Results196/1,461 (13.4%) articles reported food industry involvement. The extent of food industry involvement varied by journal, withThe Journal of Nutrition(28.3%) having the highest andPaediatric Obesity(3.8%) having the lowest proportion of industry involvement. Processed food manufacturers were involved in the most articles (77/196, 39.3%). Of articles with food industry involvement, 55.6% reported findings favourable to relevant food industry interests, compared to 9.7% of articles without food industry involvement.ConclusionFood industry involvement in peer-reviewed research in leading nutrition-related journals is commonplace. In line with previous literature, this study has shown that a greater proportion of peer-reviewed studies involving the food industry have results that favour relevant food industry interests than peer-reviewed studies without food industry involvement. Given the potential competing interests of the food industry, it is important to explore mechanisms that can safeguard the integrity and public relevance of nutrition research.
Efficacy and safety of 18 anti-osteoporotic drugs in the treatment of patients with osteoporosis caused by glucocorticoid: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Liu Zhiming , Zhang Min , Shen Zhubin , Ke Junran , Zhang Ding , Yin Fei 
Published: December 2020

Background
Glucocorticoids are widely used in a variety of diseases, especially autoimmune diseases and inflammatory diseases, so the incidence of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is high all over the world.

Objectives
The purpose of this paper is to use the method of network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the efficacy of anti-osteoporosis drugs directly and indirectly, and to explore the advantages of various anti-osteoporosis drugs based on the current evidence.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) and compared the efficacy and safety of these drugs by NMA. The risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) are used as the influence index of discontinuous data, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% CI are used as the influence index of continuous data. The statistical heterogeneity was evaluated by the calculated estimated variance (τ2), and the efficacy and safety of drugs were ranked by the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). The main outcome of this study was the incidence of vertebral fracture after taking several different types of drugs, and the secondary results were the incidence of non-vertebral fracture and adverse events, mean percentage change of lumbar spine (LS) and total hip (TH)bone mineral density (BMD) from baseline to at least 12 months.

Results
Among the different types of anti-GIOP, teriparatide (SUCRA 95.9%) has the lowest incidence of vertebral fracture; ibandronate (SUCRA 75.2%) has the lowest incidence of non-vertebral fracture; raloxifene (SUCRA 98.5%) has the best effect in increasing LS BMD; denosumab (SUCRA 99.7%) is the best in increasing TH BMD; calcitonin (SUCRA 92.4%) has the lowest incidence of serious adverse events.

Conclusions
Teriparatide and ibandronate are effective drugs to reduce the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures in patients with GIOP. In addition, long-term use of raloxifene and denosumab can increase the BMD of LS and TH.
Clinical outcomes and inflammatory marker levels in patients with Covid-19 and obesity at an inner-city safety net hospital
Authors: Mostaghim Anahita , Sinha Pranay , Bielick Catherine , Knudsen Selby , Beeram Indeevar , White Laura F. , Apovian Caroline , Sagar Manish , Hochberg Natasha S. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives
Patients with Covid-19 and obesity have worse clinical outcomes which may be driven by increased inflammation. This study aimed to characterize the association between clinical outcomes in patients with obesity and inflammatory markers.

Methods
We analyzed data for patients aged ≥18 years admitted with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. We used multivariate logistic regression to determine the association between BMI and intensive care unit (ICU) transfer and all-cause mortality. Inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], ferritin, and D-dimer) were compared between patients with and without obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2).

Results
Of 791 patients with Covid-19, 361 (45.6%) had obesity. In multivariate analyses, BMI ≥35 was associated with a higher odds of ICU transfer (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.388 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.074–5.310) and hospital mortality (aOR = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.69–10.82). Compared to those with BMI<30, patients with obesity had lower ferritin (444 vs 637 ng/mL; p<0.001) and lower D-dimer (293 vs 350 mcg/mL; p = 0.009), non-significant differences in CRP (72.8 vs 84.1 mg/L, p = 0.099), and higher LDH (375 vs 340, p = 0.009) on the first hospital day.

Conclusions
Patients with obesity were more likely to have poor outcomes even without increased inflammation.
Fourteen Poems by C. P. Cavafy, chosen and illustrated by David Hockney, translated by Nikos Stangos and Stephen Spender (1966–67)
Authors: Butler Jim 
Published: December 2020

Review of: Fourteen Poems by C. P. Cavafy, chosen and illustrated by David Hockney, translated by Nikos Stangos and Stephen Spender (1966–67)
London: Editions Alecto, Edition A, Folio, illustrated with 12 etchings bound and 1 loose etching, cotton silk boards and silk slipcase, limited edition item
Assessment of Weight Loss and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Suggestive of Exocrine Pancreatic Dysfunction After Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Phillips Anna Evans , Ooka Kohtaro , Pothoulakis Ioannis , Paragomi Pedram , Komara Nicole , Lahooti Ali , Harb Diala , Mays Melanie , Koutroumpakis Filippos , Stello Kimberly , Greer Phil J. , Whitcomb David C. , Papachristou Georgios I. 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Studies evaluating the natural history of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction (EPD) after acute pancreatitis (AP) are sparse. This study aims to assess incidence and predictors of weight loss and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms suggestive of EPD 12 months after an AP episode.

METHODS:
Patients enrolled in the Pancreatitis-associated Risk of Organ Failure Study at the time of an AP episode were included. Weight and GI symptom data were prospectively collected by self-report at enrollment and at 3- and 12-month (windows 2–7 and 8–20) telephone follow-ups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with ≥10% total body weight loss (EPD surrogate) at 12 months. A generalized estimating equation was used to measure each factor's population effect (in pounds) over 12 months after AP.

RESULTS:
Follow-up at 12 months in 186 patients (median age = 54 years, 46% men, 45% biliary, 65% first AP attack) revealed weight loss ≥10% from baseline, occurring in 44 patients (24%). Risk of weight loss increased with higher baseline body mass index, previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, and worsening AP severity (all P < 0.010). GI symptoms were reported in 13/31 (42%) patients at 12 months. AP severity was independently associated with ≥10% weight loss at 12 months. Over 12 months, men lost more weight than women (average 9.5 lbs); patients with severe AP lost, on average, 14 lbs.

DISCUSSION:
Weight loss after AP occurs in one-quarter of patients and is associated with AP severity. EPD incidence after AP is likely underappreciated. Further work is needed to assess EPD and potential for pancreatic enzyme supplementation.
Herramientas jurídicas previstas en el CCCN para las Sociedades de Familia. Autonomía de la Voluntad y la Causa Fin para prevención de conflictos
Authors: Gómez Bausela Maria Silvia 
Published: December 2020

La expresión de la Causa Fin conforme a la redacción del art. 281 del Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación es una herramienta para la prevención de conflictosen sociedades de familia. A cinco años de la puesta en vigencia del CCCN entiendo que la expresión de la Causa Fin continúa siendo una materia inexplorada.La expresión de la Causa Fin en estatutos o contratos sociales constituye una manifestación más de la autonomía de la voluntad que tiene cabida aún en la aparente estrictez de la LGS . Su inclusión, como la de diversas cláusulas propias de la autonomía de la voluntad, son sencillamente incorporadas en las SAS reguladas en la LACE ya que la estructura de esta ley exhibe a la autonomía de la voluntad como un pilar fundante.
Incidencias del Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación en las acciones de respons
Authors: De Césaris Maria Cristina , Basualdo María Eugenia 
Published: December 2020

Las acciones de responsabilidad de los administradores se encuentran reguladas en la Ley General de Sociedades —19550 t.o.— (arts. 276 a 278 LGS ) y en la Ley de Concursos y Quiebras —24522 t.o.— (arts. 173 a 176 LCQ ). Ahora bien, «la responsabilidad» entendida como obligación de reparar el daño causado a otro u otra (art. 1716 del Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación, en adelante CC y C ) tiene un campo de aplicación amplio y complejo y es necesario compatibilizar las normas de las leyes especiales, en nuestro caso, la ley 19550 y la ley 24522, con el régimen instaurado por el nuevo Código. Con esta perspectiva, y sobre la base de estas premisas, abordaremos el análisis de las acciones de responsabilidad contra representantes y administradores de sociedades previstas tanto en la legislación societaria como en la legislación concursal, sin ingresar en el análisis de las acciones de responsabilidad contra otros terceros no representantes (art. 173, segundo párrafo LCQ ).
A New Apparatus for Studying Laterally Restrained Swell of Compacted Clay with Lateral Pressure Measurement
Authors: Nachum Shay , Talesnick Mark , Frydman Sam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Wetting of compacted clays, and their subsequent swelling, often results in damage to structures and infrastructures. In some cases, for example, if the clay is adjacent to a structure such as a retaining wall, pile, or pipeline, lateral swell is restrained, resulting in heave in the vertical direction and development of swelling pressure laterally. Standard procedures for testing the swell of clays on wetting are limited to the definition of a vertical pressure-swell relationship. This paper presents an investigation of the laterally restrained swell of a highly plastic compacted clay in a new rectangular test cell designed to provide additional and more reliable test information. Lateral soil pressure is measured using null pressure gauges flush with the cell walls. Cell sidewall friction is evaluated by measuring the load applied to the specimen top and the load reaching its base, and it is minimized by incorporating friction reduction measures. It was found that pressure-swell curves, based on vertical pressure, horizontal pressure, and mean pressure, all plot as straight lines on a semi-log basis. Although inundation of the test specimen is standard practice for swelling tests, this procedure represents an extreme wetting condition in the field. The study demonstrates that swell is affected by the characteristics of the hydraulic head responsible for wetting the soil; wetting by suction alone, or by combination of suction and gravity head, result in different degrees of swell.