bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of anesthesia quality indicators in Germany
Authors: Ziemann S. , Coburn M. , Rossaint R. , Van Waesberghe J. , Bürkle H. , Fries M. , Henrich M. , Henzler D. , Iber T. , Karst J. , Kunitz O. , Löb R. , Meißner W. , Meybohm P. , Mierke B. , Pabst F. , Schaelte G. , Schiff J. , Soehle M. , Winterhalter M. , Kowark A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
In 2016 the German Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI) and the Association of German Anesthetists (BDA) published 10 quality indicators (QI) to compare and improve the quality of anesthesia care in Germany. So far, there is no evidence for the feasibility of implementation of these QI in hospitals.

Objective
This study tested the hypothesis that the implementation of the 10 QI is feasible in German hospitals.

Material and methods
This prospective three-phase national multicenter quality improvement study was conducted in 15 German hospitals and 1 outpatient anesthesia center from March 2017 to February 2018. The trial consisted of an initial evaluation of pre-existing structures and processes by the heads of the participating anesthesia departments, followed by a 6-month implementation phase of the QI as well as a final re-evaluation phase. The implementation procedure was supported by web-based implementation aids (www.qi-an.org) and internal quality management programs. The primary endpoint was the difference in the number of implemented QI per center before and after implementation. Secondary endpoints were the number of newly implemented QI per center, the overall number of successful implementations of each QI, the identification of problems during the implementation as well as the kind of impediments preventing the QI implementation.

Results
The average number of implemented QI increased from 5.8 to 6.8 (mean of the differences 1.1 ± 1.3; P < 0.01). Most frequently the QI perioperative morbidity and mortality report (5 centers) and the QI temperature management (4 centers) could be implemented. After the implementation phase, the QI incidence management and patient blood management were implemented in all 16 centers. Implementation of other quality indicators failed mainly due to a lack of time and lack of structural resources.

Conclusion
In this study the implementation of QI was proven to be mostly feasible in the participating German hospitals. Although several QI could be implemented with minor effort, more time, financial and structural resources would be required for some QI, such as the QI postoperative visit.
Postural regulation and stability with acoustic input in normal-hearing subjects
Authors: Seiwerth I. , Jonen J. , Rahne T. , Lauenroth A. , Hullar T. E. , Plontke S. K. , Schwesig R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Postural regulation is based on complex interactions among postural subsystems. The auditory system too appears to have an influence on postural control.

Objective
The aim of this study was to measure the influence of auditory input on postural control and to gain a deeper understanding of the interactions between auditory input and postural subsystems including subjective aspects.

Materials and methods
In 30 healthy normal-hearing subjects, postural regulation and stability was measured with the Interactive Balance System (IBS; Inc. neurodata GmbH, Wien, Österreich) in 8 test positions with noise (frontal presentation) and plugged without noise. The IBS is an electrophysiological measurement device that measures postural control at the product level (e.g., stability, weight distribution) and the mechanisms of postural subsystems at the process level based on frequency-oriented fast-Fourier analysis of force–time relation.

Results
At the process level, we found a relevant reduction (ηp2 ≥ 0.10) of postural regulation with noise in the frequency bands F1 (visual and nigrostriatal system ηp2 = 0.122) and F2–4 (peripheral vestibular system ηp2 = 0.125). At the product level, the weight distribution index (WDI) parameter showed a relevant increase with noise (ηp2 = 0.159). No difference between the auditory conditions was found for postural stability (parameter: stability indicator, ST). Substantial interindividual variations in the subjective estimation of the influence of auditory inputs on stability were observed.

Conclusion
In this study, a shift in the activity of postural subsystems was observed with auditory input, while no difference was seen in ST. This leads to new insights into mechanisms of audiovestibular interaction.
Translating between models of concurrency
Authors: Mestel David , Roscoe A. W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHoare’s Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) (Hoare in Communicating Sequential Processes, Prentice-Hall Inc, Upper Saddle River, 1985) admits a rich universe of semantic models closely related to the van Glabbeek spectrum. In this paper we study finite observational models, of which at least six have been studied for CSP, namely traces, stable failures, revivals, acceptances, refusal testing and finite linear observations (Roscoe in Understanding concurrent systems. Texts in computer science, Springer, Berlin, 2010). (Others are known.) We show how to use the relatively recently-introduced priority operator (Roscoe in Understanding concurrent systems. Texts in Computer Science, Springer, Berlin, 2010) to transform refinement questions in these models into trace refinement (language inclusion) tests. Furthermore, we are able to generalise this to any (rational) finite observational model. As well as being of theoretical interest, this is of practical significance since the state-of-the-art refinement checking tool FDR4 (Gibson-Robinson et al. in Int J Softw Tools Technol Transf 18(2):149–167, 2016) currently only supports two such models. In particular we study how it is possible to check refinement in a discrete version of the Timed Failures model that supports Timed CSP.
Studies of chemical and mechanical properties of hybrid composites based on natural resin Dammar formulated by epoxy resin
Authors: Franz M. Heiko , Neda Ion , Maftei Catalin V. , Ciuca Ion , Bolcu Dumitru , Stănescu Marius Marinel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
More and more importance has been given lately to the use of environment-friendly materials. Natural resins of vegetal, animal or mineral origin are increasingly employed. This article studies the properties of hybrid composites, obtained by formulating the natural resin Dammar with epoxy resin. The Dammar volume proportion was of 60%, 70% and 80%, respectively. The article is divided in two parts. In the first part, the chemical composition of the natural resin Dammar is analysed. Therefore, the substance was purified by chromatography. The structure and purity of the isolated substances were investigated by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR experiments and mass analysis. The second part concentrates on structural characterization and on some mechanical properties of the three different hybrid composites. For this purpose, the characteristic curves, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and elongation at break were measured.

Graphic abstract
UAV-gestützte Vermessung im Bergbau – Zur Frage der Genauigkeit unter Verwendung von Structure from Motion
Authors: Tscharf Alexander 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungAufgrund immer schneller fortschreitender Betriebe und aufgrund des hohen personellen und zeitlichen Aufwands bei herkömmlichen Vermessungsmethoden bilden UAV-gestützte (unmanned aerial vehicle) photogrammetrische Verfahren schon seit einiger Zeit eine wertvolle Ergänzung zur Erfüllung der markscheiderischen Aufgaben im Tagbau. Obwohl vergleichbare Systeme bereits in der täglichen Praxis angekommen sind, sind die erreichbare Genauigkeit und insbesondere die genauigkeitswirksamen Einflussgrößen noch nicht abschließend untersucht, weshalb die im Beitrag präsentierte Dissertation auf genau diese Frage abzielt.Zur Beantwortung der aufgeworfenen Fragen bilden neben theoretischen Analysen vor allem praktische Untersuchungen im Labor- und Realmaßstab den Kern der Forschungsarbeiten. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen zeigen, dass bei „richtigem“ Einsatz (Systemdesign, Flugplanung und Auswertung) die Genauigkeitsanforderungen der Markscheideverordnung 2013 eingehalten werden können. Hinsichtlich Parameteridentifikation sind vor allem die signifikanten Einflüsse der Flughöhe, der Bildüberlappung und der Orientierung der Aufnahmeachse relativ zum Objekt zu nennen, wobei die gesteigerte Genauigkeit in unmittelbarem Zusammenhang zur Stabilität der Bildverknüpfung bzw. der Anzahl an gültigen Verknüpfungspunkten zu stehen scheint.
A boundary-partition-based Voronoi diagram of d-dimensional balls: definition, properties, and applications
Authors: Duan Xianglong , Quan Chaoyu , Stamm Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn computational geometry, different ways of space partitioning have been developed, including the Voronoi diagram of points and the power diagram of balls. In this article, a generalized Voronoi partition of overlappingd-dimensional balls, called the boundary-partition-based diagram, is proposed. The definition, properties, and applications of this diagram are presented. Compared to the power diagram, this boundary-partition-based diagram is straightforward in the computation of the volume of overlapping balls, which avoids the possibly complicated construction of power cells. Furthermore, it can be applied to characterize singularities on molecular surfaces and to compute the medial axis that can potentially be used to classify molecular structures.
High-order cut finite elements for the elastic wave equation
Authors: Sticko Simon , Ludvigsson Gustav , Kreiss Gunilla 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA high-order cut finite element method is formulated for solving the elastic wave equation. Both a single domain problem and an interface problem are treated. The boundary or interface is allowed to cut through the background mesh. To avoid problems with small cuts, stabilizing terms are added to the bilinear forms corresponding to the mass and stiffness matrix. The stabilizing terms penalize jumps in normal derivatives over the faces of the elements cut by the boundary/interface. This ensures a stable discretization independently of how the boundary/interface cuts the mesh. Nitsche’s method is used to enforce boundary and interface conditions, resulting in symmetric bilinear forms. As a result of the symmetry, an energy estimate can be made and optimal order a priori error estimates are derived for the single domain problem. Finally, numerical experiments in two dimensions are presented that verify the order of accuracy and stability with respect to small cuts.
Diffusion in nanopores: correlating experimental findings with “first-principles” predictions
Authors: Hwang Seungtaik , Kärger Jörg 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMeasurement of molecular diffusion in nanoporous host materials, which are typically inhomogeneous and anisotropic, often involves an intricate web of factors and relations to be taken into account since the associated diffusivities are a function of the diffusion path of the guest molecules during a given observation time. Depending on the observation time, therefore, the result of the experimental measurement can point to completely different conclusions about the underlying diffusion phenomena. The risk of misinterpretation of the experimental data, by correlating them with irrelevant phenomena, may be reduced if there is an option to compare the data with the results of totally independent measurements. The present communication addresses this issue with reference to the particular potentials of pulsed field gradient NMR and microimaging by infrared microscopy as techniques of microscopic diffusion measurement.
What am I testing and where? Comparing testing procedures based on lightweight requirements annotations
Authors: Pudlitz Florian , Brokhausen Florian , Vogelsang Andreas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Context
The testing of software-intensive systems is performed in different test stages each having a large number of test cases. These test cases are commonly derived from requirements. Each test stages exhibits specific demands and constraints with respect to their degree of detail and what can be tested. Therefore, specific test suites are defined for each test stage. In this paper, the focus is on the domain of embedded systems, where, among others, typical test stages are Software- and Hardware-in-the-loop.

Objective
Monitoring and controlling which requirements are verified in which detail and in which test stage is a challenge for engineers. However, this information is necessary to assure a certain test coverage, to minimize redundant testing procedures, and to avoid inconsistencies between test stages. In addition, engineers are reluctant to state their requirements in terms of structured languages or models that would facilitate the relation of requirements to test executions.

Method
With our approach, we close the gap between requirements specifications and test executions. Previously, we have proposed a lightweight markup language for requirements which provides a set of annotations that can be applied to natural language requirements. The annotations are mapped to events and signals in test executions. As a result, meaningful insights from a set of test executions can be directly related to artifacts in the requirements specification. In this paper, we use the markup language to compare different test stages with one another.

Results
We annotate 443 natural language requirements of a driver assistance system with the means of our lightweight markup language. The annotations are then linked to 1300 test executions from a simulation environment and 53 test executions from test drives with human drivers. Based on the annotations, we are able to analyze how similar the test stages are and how well test stages and test cases are aligned with the requirements. Further, we highlight the general applicability of our approach through this extensive experimental evaluation.

Conclusion
With our approach, the results of several test levels are linked to the requirements and enable the evaluation of complex test executions. By this means, practitioners can easily evaluate how well a systems performs with regards to its specification and, additionally, can reason about the expressiveness of the applied test stage.
Effect of Initial Wettability on Rock Mechanics and Oil Recovery: Comparative Study on Outcrop Chalks
Authors: Sachdeva Jaspreet S. , Nermoen Anders , Korsnes Reidar I. , Madland Merete V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBrines containing surface-active divalent ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42− impact the stiffness, strength and time-dependent deformation of water wet Mons outcrop chalk. This study documents how stiffness and strength of wettability-altered oil and water-saturated (mixed wet) Mons chalk compare to water-saturated and water wet samples during hydrostatic loading and creep. During hydrostatic creep, the strain rate response to magnesium chloride (MgCl2) brine injection is compared for water wet and mixed wet samples. For the mixed wet samples, the oil production was estimated during compaction and non-equilibrium MgCl2 flow. The results presented here were then compared to a similar test series on Kansas outcrop chalk. The differences were interpreted in terms of difference in physical parameters such as porosity and pore size. Two Mons samples were wettability-altered and tested in parallel to two completely water wet samples from the same chalk block at hydrostatic conditions and 130 °C. It was found that beyond the experimental uncertainty, the stiffness and yield strength measurements showed insignificant differences for water wet and mixed wet Mons samples. This is contrary to Kansas chalk where mixed wet samples were systematically stronger and stiffer than water wet samples. In the following creep phase, both water wet and wettability-altered Mons chalk samples gave trends comparable to each other during a stagnant phase and a following MgCl2 injection phase at varying flow rates. Similar observations were reported for water wet and wettability-altered Kansas chalks as well. Further, the same chemical reactions were observed for Kansas and Mons chalks and were found to be insensitive to the initial wettability and oil/water saturations. The oil production observations from Mons chalk showed that 43% of the total oil was recovered during early-stage compaction with no flow, whereas Kansas chalk did not produce any oil at no-flow conditions. After the oil recovery from the first 2–3 pore volumes of brine flow, no further oil production was observed due to compaction or non-equilibrium brine flow in any of the two chalk types.
3DFaceGAN: Adversarial Nets for 3D Face Representation, Generation, and Translation
Authors: Moschoglou Stylianos , Ploumpis Stylianos , Nicolaou Mihalis A. , Papaioannou Athanasios , Zafeiriou Stefanos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOver the past few years, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have garnered increased interest among researchers in Computer Vision, with applications including, but not limited to, image generation, translation, imputation, and super-resolution. Nevertheless, no GAN-based method has been proposed in the literature that can successfully represent, generate or translate 3D facial shapes (meshes). This can be primarily attributed to two facts, namely that (a) publicly available 3D face databases are scarce as well as limited in terms of sample size and variability (e.g., few subjects, little diversity in race and gender), and (b) mesh convolutions for deep networks present several challenges that are not entirely tackled in the literature, leading to operator approximations and model instability, often failing to preserve high-frequency components of the distribution. As a result, linear methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) have been mainly utilized towards 3D shape analysis, despite being unable to capture non-linearities and high frequency details of the 3D face—such as eyelid and lip variations. In this work, we present 3DFaceGAN, the first GAN tailored towards modeling the distribution of 3D facial surfaces, while retaining the high frequency details of 3D face shapes. We conduct an extensive series of both qualitative and quantitative experiments, where the merits of 3DFaceGAN are clearly demonstrated against other, state-of-the-art methods in tasks such as 3D shape representation, generation, and translation.
A robust method for estimating the two-phase flow rate of oil and gas using wellhead data
Authors: Khamehchi Ehsan , Zolfagharroshan Mohammad , Mahdiani Mohammad Reza 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFlow rate prediction of multiphase flow in the oil and gas wellbores is more complicated than single-phase flow avoiding direct measurements such as using flowmeters or well logging. This study offers an approach to find the accurate two-phase flow rates, applicable in extensive cases of two-phase wells/pipelines. When in a production well, the wellhead data are accessible except for flow rate, and bottom hole conditions, computing the pressure and temperature profiles through the wellbore can be brought about by replacing different values for flow rates, and lead us to probable accurate answers. This aim can be achieved by hiring a heuristic solver to find the most accurate answers as quickly as possible. This approach is flexible and practical depending on the statement of the problem. So, in this study, it has been applied to some vertical two-phase flow wells, which their well survey data was available to avoid future loggings, the wells modeled. Two models were developed, where each one predicted the flow rate by an error of less than 2%. Considering the final results for vertical wells, in this study, the model in which a mechanistic method for predicting pressure gradient applied in proposed compared with experiment-based methods.
On the standard L-function for $$\mathrm{GSp}_{2n} \times \mathrm{GL}_1$$ and algebraicity of symmetric fourth L-values for $$\mathrm{GL}_2$$
Authors: Pitale Ameya , Saha Abhishek , Schmidt Ralf 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe prove an explicit integral representation—involving the pullback of a suitable Siegel Eisenstein series—for the twisted standardL-function associated to a holomorphic vector-valued Siegel cusp form of degreenand arbitrary level. In contrast to all previously proved pullback formulas in this situation, our formula involves only scalar-valued functions despite being applicable toL-functions of vector-valued Siegel cusp forms. The key new ingredient in our method is a novel choice of local vectors at the archimedean place which allows us to exactly compute the archimedean local integral. By specializing our integral representation to the case$$n=2$$n=2we are able to prove a reciprocity law—predicted by Deligne’s conjecture—for the critical values of the twisted standardL-function for vector-valued Siegel cusp forms of degree 2 and arbitrary level. This arithmetic application generalizes previously proved critical-value results for the full level case. By specializing further to the case of Siegel cusp forms obtained via the Ramakrishnan–Shahidi lift, we obtain a reciprocity law for the critical values of the symmetric fourthL-function of a classical newform.
Schwellungsmessung mit Textilsensor für Sitz- und Steharbeit
Authors: Gahr Sabrina , Kurz Wolfgang , Kurz Bernhard 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungMit dem Ziel einer kontinuierlichen und ortsunabhängigen Schwellungsmessung im Beinbereich wurde eine textiler Dehnungssensor mit portabler Signaleinheit zum StrainTex-System weiterentwickelt. In umfangreichen Vorarbeiten konnten die technischen Merkmale an die gestellten Anforderungen unter realen Einsatzbedingungen angepasst werden. Ausgewählte Fallstudien bestätigen die Praktikabilität sowie eine Schwellungsdetektion mit einer Auflösung von 0,2 mm Umfangsänderung. Damit können nun sowohl Kurzzeiteffekte durch Muskelanspannungen wie auch Langzeiteffekte infolge von Anschwellungen durch Lymph- oder Blutstau kontinuierlich und rückwirkungssfrei diagnostiziert werden. Weiterführende Untersuchungen mit Probandenkollektiven bei längerdauernden Sitz- und Stehtätigkeiten belegen hochsignifikante Differenzierungsmerkmale. Die Weiterentwicklung des Messsystems hin zu einer in Alltagskleidung integrierten, nutzerfreundlichen Schwellungsdiagnostik mit Handlungsempfehlung via App-Kopplung, wird anhand dieser Ergebnisse abgewogen.Praktische Relevanz: Viele Arbeitnehmer sind von längerdauernder Arbeit im Sitzen oder Stehen betroffen und hierdurch einem erhöhten gesundheitlichen Risiko ausgesetzt. Die derzeitigen Messmethoden zur Prävention von Schwellungsbeschwerden sind vor allem aufgrund der Ortsabhängigkeit und Auflösung nicht für eine kontinuierliche Messung und Schnelldiagnostik geeignet. Um den betroffenen ArbeitnehmerInnen präventive Empfehlungen bspw. in Form von Bewegungsänderung zu erteilen, ist eine neue portable und kontinuierliche Messmethode mit einfachster Applikation unerlässlich.