bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public managers’ perception of exploitative and explorative innovation: an empirical study in the context of Spanish municipalities
Authors: Barrutia Jose M. , Echebarria Carmen 
Published: March 2020

This article studies the contribution of exploitative and explorative innovation to the perceptions of economic and social value of local authorities in charge of sustainability-related innovation. The model proposed is tested capturing the perceptions of 656 local authorities. The research findings contribute evidence of complex linkages between innovation forms (i.e. exploitative and explorative) and facets of perceived value. Overall, the link between the perceptions of both forms of innovation and economic value fits March’s (1991) view. A positive effect of both exploitative and explorative innovation on economic value is found, coupled with a negative interaction effect. The influence of exploitative innovation is stronger than that of explorative innovation. However, this is only part of the story. We also consider the link between exploitative/explorative innovation and one additional facet of value: social value (in the form of network identification). The roles of both predictors are virtually opposite: identification is mostly explained by explorative innovation, rather than exploitative innovation. The social value dimension considered in this research adds an explanation as to why public organisations may focus on exploration or combine both exploitation and exploration. Points for practitioners • Public managers may focus on exploitative innovation (when economic value considerations are dominant) and on explorative innovation (when social value thinking prevails), or combine both activities. • Network promoters should not assume that public managers favour exploitative innovation over explorative innovation.
A Measure of Personality Change through Adjustment Training
Authors: Bauman Mary K. 
Published: March 2020

Scores on the Emotional Factors Inventory administered at the beginning and at the close of 12 weeks of adjustment training were compared for 104 blind clients. All diagnostic categories showed some tendency of the group to improve in adjustment. Significant improvement was shown in the following areas: Feeling of Inadequacy, Attitudes re Blindness, Social Competency, and Sensitivity. It seems reasonable to conclude that adjustment training, as it is organized in Pennsylvania, contributes somewhat toward better adjustment in all the areas measured by this inventory and that it causes significant improvement, measured in terms of the group, in the four areas just named.
The Discipline of Home Teaching
Authors: Dickinson Raymond M. 
Published: March 2020

Home teaching is the unique contribution of services to blind persons to the general professional set of disciplines. The home teacher is a teacher of the skills needed by blind persons to function in a seeing world. He is a counselor, personal and professional, needed by blind persons to give information and assistance in developing attitudes to cope with that seeing world. He helps the community to understand its blind persons, teaches it how to assist them and to use them as responsible, contributing citizens. Its three main functions, therefore, are teaching, social rehabilitation, and public relations. The teacher, then, is a necessary part of a rehabilitation team and is the advance agent of the agency for the blind and its services. The visually handicapped person who has a demonstrated interest in other visually handicapped persons, who is trained as a teacher and rehabilitation worker who speaks and writes well, who has ordinary handcraft skills, who has a spirit and willingness to serve, has the basic qualifications needed to do this important job. Let us stop trying to cover the waterfront with the home teacher and then condemning him for not having reached the professional level which our jack-of-all-trades concept has made impossible. He is a teaching counselor, not a mechanic, carpenter, seamstress, cook, cosmetician and heaven knows what else. Let him teach the skills needed by blind people to “see” —braille, the use of Talking Books, typewriting, simple crafts, and to take responsibility for filling his everyday living needs. If more skill is needed than these, let him use community volunteers or let the agency develop funds to pay for skilled services needed. If homemaking skills are needed by the blind housewife let her get these in a rehabilitation center; and, if this is not possible, let the agency pay a community person with these skills to work under the direction of the home teacher. If the service of a skilled craftsman is needed let the home teacher be free to locate the service and make it available to the client through the rehabilitation counselor. The same approach can be applied to teaching academic subjects, or obtaining highly skilled casework services. If we limit the home teacher to these tasks, insist on their being performed and pay salaries consistent with the responsibilities and the techniques we are asking, the home teacher will be able to compete with other disciplines and be a real asset to the agency. But our brief survey would not be complete without reference to that intangible quality known as the spirit of service which comes only from a sincere humanitarian desire to work with and serve other human beings in a natural, direct, give-and-take, though professional human relationship.
A Battery of Psychological Tests in rehabilitation services
Authors: Rothschild Jacob 
Published: March 2020

A selection of psychological tests has been presented which form a battery for use in psychological examinations with blind persons. The goal of this battery is to include three areas of testing which consist of the following tests: Intelligence testing: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Verbal Scale, with the eventual addition of the Performance Scale for Adult Blind; occasionally supplemented by the Hayes-Binet Intelligence Tests for the Blind and by other forms of the Wechsler tests. Manual dexterity testing: Pennsylvania Bi-Manual Worksample; Purdue Peg-board; possibly supplemented by the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test and by the Crawford Small Parts Dexterity Test. Personality testing: Sacks’ Projective Sentence Completions, Auditory Sound Association Technique; possibly supplemented by the Auditory Projective Test.
A Study of the Incidence of Speech Deviations among Visually Handicapped Children
Authors: Miner L. E. 
Published: March 2020

This report has attempted to investigate the incidence of speech deviations among visually handicapped children. Two hundred and ninety-three children were surveyed and 33.8 per cent were found to have some sort of speech deviation. This statistic is four to five times higher than the incidence in public schools, depending upon which study is used for comparison. The largest category of deviations was “articulations.” There was no statistical difference between the braille students and sight-saving students in terms of speech deviations. There was no statistical difference between the number of boys and girls in comparing speech deviations. More children had a diagnosis of retrolental fibroplasia than any other eye diagnosis. The incidence of retrolental fibroplasia has decreased significantly among the blind in the past five years. Consequently, it cannot be positively stated that there is a correlation between retrolental fibroplasia and speech deviations. It is interesting to note, however, that out of fourteen students having optic atrophy, thirteen had articulation problems. It is not known, unfortunately, how many out of the total number surveyed had optic atrophy. The mean age of the children with speech deviations is 10.1 years. From this investigation it cannot be generalized that approximately one-third of all blind children have speech deviations. Numerous factors alter the interpretation of such a generalization. Both the Michigan and Illinois schools are residential schools. Perhaps the incidence might be different in day school programs. Nevertheless, it can be said that the incidence of speech deviations in visually handicapped children is higher than most estimates of defective speech in public school surveys.
A Service to Blind Clients
Authors: Arndt Hilda C. M. 
Published: March 2020

To sum up, the case record should contain a sufficiently detailed report of the early contacts and of the worker's observations and findings so that it serves as a factual basis for sound evaluation of the client's problems, his motivation to seek help, and his capacities. The worker's understanding of the client and his problems should be clearly stated, together with the goals toward which he and the client will work and the plans by which it is hoped to attain them. Subsequent contacts can be recorded more briefly if they are related to this evaluation and plan. They should describe the activities of the client, the worker, and any teamwork with other helping persons, and should indicate the results achieved. Periodic re-evaluations of the goals and of helping methods used to achieve them should be included as we gain increased understanding of the client and his problems, as changes occur in his situation, or as movement or lack of movement toward the goals shows that a reassessment of the goals and methods is required. The maintenance of such a record necessitates alert and careful thought, but is essential in sustaining a purposeful, focused direction and in promoting effective partnership with the client and other team members. The case record is a useful instrument for giving effective and efficient service. Like any instrument, its value depends largely on whether we understand its purpose and are willing to make full and appropriate use of its possibilities in all areas of our work.
Community Resources— and Volunteers
Authors: Sausser Doris P. 
Published: March 2020

Use of community resources and volunteers is, seemingly, a little-used art in this specialized field. It is a recognized tendency on the part of other agencies to refer all blind persons to the specialized agency, even when they have acknowledged community responsibility to offer a particular service which could meet the blind person's need; also it is recognized that frequently there is a tendency on the part of these agencies to shunt blind persons into corners if they do make an effort to serve them. On the other hand, agencies serving blind persons have had the tendency to be overprotective and to hold their clients as close as a poker hand. Again I would say this is a two-way street, and should provide a challenge to us to interpret services; to continue to pressure agencies to extend their services in order to include blind persons with their sighted peers; and to take advantage, with imagination, of all potential resources. Home teachers can serve as consultants on the plus knowledge of needs created by the handicap of blindness, and as referral resources. They can interpret special needs of blind persons, decide ways in which other agencies can assist, and help to develop a different public attitude toward blindness. They cannot do all this unaided; attitudes toward using volunteers and involving other individuals and agencies stem from top administration—possibly they will have to do a selling job there, too! The role of the volunteer is an important one if the volunteer is properly and planfully recruited, trained and supervised. Volunteers have been likened to “a highway to community understanding.” To paraphrase the Ladies Home Journal cliché—”Never underestimate the power of a woman”—I would say, “Never underestimate the power of a volunteer!” There is a slowly growing appreciation on the part of staffs of specialized agencies serving the blind of the potential use of other community resources on behalf of their clients. By fostering this change of attitude, and by making full use of our volunteers, we can greatly increase and improve our service to our blind clients.
Multiple Disabilities-An Old Problem with a New Challenge
Authors: Wolf James M. 
Published: March 2020

A review of related research from epidemiological surveys and other sources on multiple disabilities, specifically the mentally retarded-visually impaired diad, reveals the following: 1) Lack of a theoretical concept concerning the syndromes of multiple disabilities. 2) Confusion and lack of agreement on definitions, classifications, and terminology. 3) Inadequacy of a rationale by investigators in assigning priority to a disability. 4) Conflicting viewpoints concerning which facilities are most appropriate and the extent and availability of such facilities. 5) Inconsistencies in reported incidence and prevalence rates. 6) Lack of a precise methodology for teaching children with multiple disabilities. The educational problem presented by children who have multiple disabilities is as old as man's attempt to provide services to exceptional children. For far too many years special educators have been dealing with handicapped children in a unitary fashion. Special classes have been organized, classified, and categorized according to a primary schema of disabilities which has little meaning for educational planning and remediation. There is urgent need for additional research in all aspects of multiple disabilities. The results of this research will have immediate and serious implications for organizing instruction and teacher training in the rapidly growing field of special education.
Some Observations on Peripatology
Authors: Auzenne George R. 
Published: March 2020

Peripatology is a most valuable and fundamental aspect of services for blind persons. But it must be kept in its proper perspective by both the peripatologist and the employer. The peripatologist is at all times a part of a team, no matter what the setting. Unless he can meaningfully utilize the services of teachers, caseworkers, rehabilitation counselors, etc., the end result will be lopsided, no matter how effective the teaching. The involvement of the community in the rehabilitation of the blind person is imperative. The effectiveness of the rehabilitation team is determined only when the client returns to his community. Public education, needless to say, is most important. But public education should take the form of involvement of the public, not merely lecturing. Involvement can take no better form than that of the peripatologist demonstrating and teaching relatives, classroom teachers, nursing home staff, or others the proper techniques for orientation and mobility. This by no means affects the usefulness of the mobility instructor, but rather enhances his role as a responsible member of the community working towards a clearer understanding of the problems of those who are visually handicapped.
Research on Criteria for Measuring Mobility Readiness of Adventitiously Blind Adults
Authors: Patton William E. 
Published: March 2020

□ This research on the dynamics of readiness for mobility service had two major research goals, to attempt to identify specific dynamic factors of readiness of adventitiously blind adults and to construct an instrument for measuring total readiness. Fourteen criteria were found to have a positive relationship to both the readiness score and the actual subsequent performance score. A readiness instrument composed of eight criteria was found to have a positive correlation with performance, significant to less than the .01 level. This research study appears to have identified important specific factors related to readiness for mobility service. Although the relationship between the resulting research instrument and performance does suggest its usefulness in assessing readiness, further research is indicated.
The Effect of Circumstantial Rejection on Infant Behavior
Authors: Tait Perla 
Published: March 2020

□ In summary, mastery of the environment, which appears to be a source of trouble for the blind infant, can only be obtained by spontaneous exploration of the environment. The willingness to explore the environment can only be accomplished if there is a secure mother-infant relationship. The relationship between the blind child and his mother is complex. In addition to identified behavior patterns of rejection of the blind child by the mother, more subtle forms of behavior may, unknowingly on the part of the mother, be interpreted by the child in such a way that the end product is similar to that of rejection. This rejection, or seeming rejection, may result in anti-exploratory behavior (stereotyped rhythms or blindisms) which may be an active regression to the safety of the blind child's own world. This anti-exploratory behavior is, therefore, substituted for, or at least interferes with, the utilization of that behavior which would ordinarily lead to mastery of the environment and a reduction of the fear of the unknown. In conclusion, a simplistic view of blindisms and of rejection by the mother of a blind child is not conducive to the development of desirable behavior changes. The key to the formulation of a specific plan of action by which the mother of the blind child may more effectively cope with the problems inherent in raising a blind child in a visually oriented world may be found in a depth analysis of mothering patterns.
Houseparents’ Expectations: A Crucial Variable in the Performance of Blind Institutionalized Children
Authors: Mayadas Nazneen S. 
Published: March 2020

The study to test the degree of relationship between the blind child's performance and expectations of houseparents, the most significant others in the institutionalized child's life, supported the hypothesis that houseparents’ influence on behavior was statistically significant. The author contends that it is of utmost importance, therefore, that houseparents and other significant personnel be selected carefully and receive continued training. They must become familiar, through role-taking, with the world of the blind, and blind and sighted together must determine behavioral expectancies for the blind child. But in human kindness there is a paradox; that which it seeks to help it can also destroy. —Chevigny, 1946
Engaging Underserved Community Members in Diabetes Self-Management: Evidence From the YMCA of Greater Richmond Diabetes Control Program
Authors: Allen Julie Ober , Concha Jeannie B. , Mejía Ruiz María José , Rapp Ashley , Montgomery Joshua , Smith Jana , Wolfson Julia A. , Thornton William , Mezuk Briana 
Published: March 2020

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing participant engagement in a community-based diabetes self-management program (DSMP), with a focus on the needs of underserved groups (eg, racial/ethnic minorities, low income). Methods Focus groups were conducted with participants (n = 22) from the YMCA of Greater Richmond’s Diabetes Control Program, who were recruited using a purposeful sampling frame to capture a range of experiences. In-depth interviews were conducted with lay health coaches (n = 3). The RADaR qualitative analysis technique was used to identify themes related to factors across the continuum of engagement. Results Fear affected program enrollment and retention in complex ways. Peers and coaches were important for social support and accountability. The length of the program (12 weeks), accessible information, practical skill building, and emphasis on making small, feasible improvements in pursuit of larger goals were identified as critical for engagement and improving diabetes self-management. Health and outside obligations were the major barriers to program attendance. Conclusions Participant and coach perspectives provide important insight into existing strengths of community-based DSMPs that can be expanded on to promote engagement as well as potential opportunities for improvement. Actionable recommendations for increasing engagement of underserved groups in community-based DSMPs are provided.
Myocardial perfusion and cardiac dimensions during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation–supported circulation in a porcine model of critical post-cardiotomy failure
Authors: Solholm Atle , Salminen Pirjo-Riitta , Stangeland Lodve , Moen Christian Arvei , Mongstad Arve , Svenheim Bård , Haaverstad Rune , Grong Ketil 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is widely used as mechanical circulatory support for severe heart failure. A major concern with this treatment modality is left ventricular distension due to inability to overcome the afterload created by the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit. The present porcine study evaluates coronary circulation, myocardial perfusion and ventricular distension during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Methods: Ten anesthetized open-chest pigs were cannulated and put on cardiopulmonary bypass. Heart failure was achieved by 90 minutes of aortic cross-clamping with insufficient cardioplegic protection. After declamping, the animals were supported by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for 3 hours. Continuous haemodynamic measurements were performed at baseline, during cardiopulmonary bypass/aortic cross-clamping and during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Fluorescent microsphere injections at baseline and after 1, 2 and 3 hours on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation evaluated myocardial perfusion. Left ventricular function and distension were assessed by epicardial echocardiography. Results: The myocardial injury caused by 90 minutes of ischaemia resulted in a poorly contracting myocardium, necessitating venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in all animals. The circulatory support maintained the mean arterial blood pressure within a satisfactory range. A hyperaemic left anterior descending coronary artery flow while on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was observed compared to baseline. Myocardial tissue perfusion measured by microspheres was low, especially in the subendocardium. Echocardiography revealed myocardial tissue oedema, a virtually empty left ventricle, and a left ventricular output that remained negligible throughout the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation run. Conclusion: Coronary artery blood flow is maintained during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest despite severely affected performance of the left ventricle. Myocardial perfusion decreases, however, presumably due to rapid development of myocardial tissue oedema.