bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Statin Therapy Algorithm in Outpatient Practice: Adherence and Economic Benefits
Authors: Davitashvili S. A. , Nebieridze D. V. , Akhmedzhanov N. M. , Lishuta A. S. , Safaryan A. S. 
Published: December 2020

Aim. To study adherence to recommended treatment, additional clinical and economic benefits of a titration-free statin therapy regimen.Material and methods. Ambulatory patients (n=300) with a high or very high risk of hypercholesterolemia who have indications for statin treatment for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases is included in a non-randomized trial. Patients are divided into 2 groups. Group 1 had a titration regimen of statins in accordance with current recommendations (group 1A [n=50] – primary cardiovascular prevention; group 1B [n=100] – secondary cardiovascular prevention). Group 2 received a titration-free statin regimen in fixed doses (group 2A [n=50] – primary cardiovascular prevention; group 2B [n=100] – secondary cardiovascular prevention). Patients were prescribed atorvastatin (10-80 mg/day) or rosuvastatin (10- 40 mg/day). Group 1 patients had visits to the doctor after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months from the start of statin use, group 2 patients after 3 and 12 months. Treatment adherence, effects on surrogate and hard endpoints, and cost-effectiveness of the two statin regimens were evaluated.Results. The target level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) after 12 months in group 2 was achieved in 56.4% of patients versus 53.4% in group 1. The average level of LDL-C decreased by 1.84±0.44 mmol / l in group 2 versus a decrease of 1.61±0.47 mmol / L in group 1. The costeffectiveness ratio was 9658.72 rubles in group 2 versus 8341.73 rubles in group 1 for a 1 mmol / l LDL-C level decrease in 1 patient within a year. An increase in annual costs per patient in group 2 compared with group 1 by 75.76 rubles reduced the relative risk of developing a combined endpoint by 1% per year.Conclusion. The use of a titration-free statin treatment regimen allowed us not only to more effectively control of LDL-c levels in patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk compared to the traditional statin therapy regimen, but also to obtain economic advantages in patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk.
Neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine on the ketamine-induced disruption of the proliferation and differentiation of developing neural stem cells in the subventricular zone
Authors: Sha Huanhuan , Peng Peipei , Li Bing , Wei Guohua , Wang Juan , Wu Yuqing , huang he 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Recently, the number of neonatal patients receiving surgery under general anesthesia has increased. Ketamine disrupts the proliferation and differentiation of developing neural stem cells (NSCs). Therefore, the safe use of ketamine in pediatric anesthesia has been an issue of increasing concern among anesthesiologists and the children’s parents. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is widely used in sedation, as an antianxiety agent and for analgesia. DEX has recently been shown to provide neuroprotection against anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity in the developing brain. The aim of this in vivo study was to investigate whether DEX exerted neuroprotective effects on the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) following neonatal ketamine exposure. Methods: Postnatal day 7 (PND-7) male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into the following 5 groups: Control group (n=8), Ketamine group (n=8), 1 μg/kg DEX+Ketamine group (n=8), 5 μg/kg DEX+Ketamine group (n=8) and 10 μg/kg DEX+Ketamine group (n=8). The proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in the SVZ were assessed using immunostaining with BrdU incorporation. The levels of Nestin and β-tubulin III in the SVZ were measured using Western blot analyses. Apoptosis was assessed by detecting the levels of the cleaved caspase-3 protein using Western blotting. Results: Neonatal ketamine exposure significantly inhibited NSC proliferation and astrocytic differentiation in the SVZ, and neuronal differentiation was markedly increased. Furthermore, pretreatment with moderate (5 μg/kg) or high doses (10 μg/kg) of DEX reversed the ketamine-induced disturbances in the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. Meanwhile, neonatal ketamine exposure significantly decreased the expression of Nestin and increased the expression of β-tubulin III in the SVZ compared with the Control group. Treatment with 10 μg/kg DEX notably reversed the ketamine-induced changes in the levels of Nestin and β-tubulin III. In addition, a pretreatment with 10 μg/kg DEX before ketamine anesthesia prevented apoptosis in the SVZ induced by neonatal ketamine exposure. Conclusions: Based on our findings, DEX may exert neuroprotective effects on the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in the SVZ of neonatal rats in a repeated ketamine anesthesia model.
An 192 bp ERV Insertion in the First Intron of TLR6 Acts as an Enhancer to Increase TLR6 and TLR1 Expression
Authors: wang xiaoyan , Chen Zixuan , Murani Eduard , D'alessandro Enrico , An Yalong , Chen Cai , Li Kui , Galeano Grazia , Wimmers Klaus , Song Chengyi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundToll-like receptors (TLRs) play important roles in building innate immune and inducing adaptive immune responses. Associations of the TLR gene polymorphisms with diseases susceptibility, which are the basis of molecular breeding for disease resistant animals, have been reported extensively. Retrotransposon insertion polymorphisms (RIPs) were developed recently as a new type of molecular marker having great potential in population genetics and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analysis. In this study, bioinformatics prediction combined with the PCR-based amplification was employed to screen for RIPs in porcine TLR genes. Their population distribution and impact on gene activity and phenotype of one RIP was been further evaluated. ResultsThe results showed that five RIPs, located at the 3' flank of TLR3, 5' flank of TLR5, intron 1 of TLR6, intron 1 of TLR7, and 3' flank of TLR8 respectively, was identified. These RIPs were detected in different breeds with an uneven distribution among them. By using the dual luciferase activity assay a 192 bp endogenous retrovirus (ERV) in the intron 1 of TLR6 was proven to act as an enhancer increasing the activities of TLR6 promoter and multiple mini-promoters. Furthermore, the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis demonstrated that the ERV insertion significantly enhances the mRNA expressions of TLR6, the neighboring gene TLR1, and the downstream genes MyD88 (Myeloid differentiation factor 88), Rac1 (Rac family small GTPase 1), TIRAP (TIR domain containing adaptor protein), Tollip (Toll interacting protein) of TLR signaling pathway and the inflammatory factors IL6 (Interleukin 6), IL8 (Interleukin 8), and TNFα (Tumor necrosis factor alpha) in 30-day piglet tissues. In addition, the serum IL-6 and TNFα was also significantly upregulated by ERV insertion. ConclusionsOverall, five RIPs were been identified in several TLRs, and the 192 bp ERV insertion in the first intron of TLR6 can improve the expressions of TLR6, TLR1, their downstream genes, and the inflammatory factors by acting as an enhancer affecting the regulation of TLR pathways, which may be applicable in the molecular breeding of disease resistant animals.
Pt/TiO2 Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Benzoic Acid with Unprecedented High Activity
Authors: Guo Miao , Kong Xiangtao , Li Chunzhi , Yang Qihua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The hydrogenation of benzoic acid (BA) to corresponding cyclohexanecarboxylic acid has important industry and academia significance, however, the electron deficient aromatic ring and the catalyst “poison” by carboxyl group make BA hydrogenation as one of the most challenging transformations. Herein, we found that Pt NPs deposited on TiO2 were very effective for BA hydrogenation with a record TOF of 4490 h− 1 under 80 oC and 50 bar H2 in hexane, one order higher than the reported results. DFT calculation showed that Pt NPs had a weaker interaction with BA than Ru and Pd NPs commonly used for BA hydrogenation, which improved the toxicity resistance of catalyst to BA. Pt/TiO2 catalysts with electron deficient and electron enriched Pt sites were successfully synthesized by modifying the electron transfer direction between Pt and TiO2. Isotopic experiments suggested the participation of dissociated H from carboxyl group in BA hydrogenation. Consequently, the electron deficient Pt sites with stronger adsorption of BA were more active than electron rich Pt sites in BA hydrogenation. In addition to BA, terephthalic acid, iso-phthalic acid, trimesic acid and other BA derivatives could also be efficiently converted to corresponding aromatic saturated products, demonstrating the wide substrate scope of Pt/TiO2.
Infection Was Associated With Intensive Care Unit Pediatric Delirium in&nbsp;Children&nbsp;Younger Than 2 Years&nbsp;Old: A Single-Center Observational Study
Authors: Ge Xiaohua , Wei Wanrui , Zheng Qingru , Xu Lili , Hu Yaqin , Yuan Changrong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of intensive care unit (ICU) pediatric delirium in Shanghai, China. Secondary objectives were to determine the association of hypoxia and infection with ICU pediatric delirium, and the impact between different age. Design: Prospective single-center observational study. Setting: Two pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) within a tertiary-A general hospital. Patients: Patients age between 1 month to 7 years in PICU who stayed at least 1 day were included. Convenance sampling was used. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Pediatric patients (n=639) were screened twice a day for the prevalence of ICU pediatric delirium by Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium, 300 (46.95%) of them had infection and 213 (33.33%) had hypoxia in PICU. Children who suffered hypoxia remained more than three times likely to be delirious during their hospitalization compared with children who were not hypoxia, after controlling other covariates, the odds of pediatric delirium for subjects with hypoxia was 3.26 times (95% CI, 1.98-5.38) the odds without hypoxia. Also, the odds of pediatric delirium for subjects with infection was 2.55 times (95% CI, 1.58-4.11) the odds without infection adjusting for other covariates. After subgrouping by age, the occurrence of ICU pediatric delirium with infection for children younger than two years old was 5.37 times (95% CI, 3.09-9.33) compared with patients who were never infection, while that for the children equal to or older than two years old was no statistically significant relationship. Conclusions: The prevalence of ICU pediatric delirium was 31.30%, while there is an independent association of infection and hypoxia with ICU pediatric delirium. Furthermore, children younger than two years old took more risks on pediatric delirium when they were infected in this study, while there was no relationship between infection and pediatric delirium who aged 2 years or older.
Identification of Driver Genes and Key Pathways of Osteosarcoma Shows K-7174 As a Novel Anti-osteosarcoma Drug by Inhibiting VCAM1
Authors: Fu Zhaoyu , Yu Jing , Liu Yan , Wu Bo , Cheng Long , Zhou Pengcheng , Zhu Dong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundOsteosarcoma is one of the leading causes in cancer-related death of children and adolescents. However current standard therapeutic strategy, surgery combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy is very limited in effects. As big data mining and analysis using bioinformatics method has been applied in the diagnosis and treatment of many cancers, we want to use bioinformatic combined with experimental assays to found new molecular targets and test new drug for osteosarcoma.MethodsThe gene chip of osteosarcoma samples constructed by Richter GH et al were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, Gene Ontology analysis (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed on differential expression genes which screened by bioinformatics methods.Protein-protein interaction network was constructed by suing STRING database to found hub gene. Combined with pertinent literature, genes of interest and corresponding drug was selected. Series of experiments were performed on the osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro, involved cell viability test, colony formation assay, migratory and invasive tests, western blot as well.ResultsA total of 1069 DEGs were obtained from data, including 375 up-regulated genes and 694 down-regulated genes. Differentially expressed genes mainly involve biological processes such as cellular immune function, such as interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway and antigen processing and presentation of peptide. Among top 20-ranked degree hug gene evaluated by PPI network, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM1) was picked out. An VCAM1 inhibitor K-7174 was treated in U2OS and MG63 cell lines. In vitro experiments have shown that K-7174 can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma, the protein expression of VCAM1was also decreased by K-7174.ConclusionsVCAM1 could be a potential target for osteosarcoma and K-7174 promises to be a therapeutic drug after more nuanced evaluation in animal and clinical trials.
Energy Transfer to the Phonons of A Macromolecule Through Light Pumping
Authors: Faraji Elham , Franzosi Roberto , Mancini Stefano , Pettini Marco 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the present paper we address the problem of the energy downconversion of the light absorbed by a protein into its internal vibrational modes. We consider the case in which the light receptors are fluorophores either naturally co-expressed with the protein or artificially covalently bound to some of its amino acids. In a recent work [Phys. Rev. X 8, 031061 (2018)], it has been experimentally found that by shining a laser light on the fluorophores attached to a protein the energy fed to it can be channeled into the normal mode of lowest frequency of vibration thus making the subunits of the protein coherently oscillate. Even if the phonon condensation phenomenon has been theoretically explained, the first step - the energy transfer from electronic excitation into phonon excitation - has been left open. The present work is aimed at filling this gap.
Oral pH Value Predicts the Incidence of Radiotherapy Related Caries in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients
Authors: LI Zheng , WU Qiuji , MENG Xiangyu , YU Haijun , JIANG Dazhen , CHEN Gaili , HU Xiaoyan , HUA Xinying , WANG Xiaoyong , WANG Dajiang , ZHAO Hongli , ZHONG Yahua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Radiotherapy-related caries is a complication of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma; however, factors influencing the occurrence, accurate prediction of onset, and protective factors of radiotherapy-related caries remain unclear. This study analyzed risk factors, disease predictors, and protective factors for radiotherapy-related caries in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods and Materials: This prospective study included 138 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients receiving radical radiotherapy at our hospital during June 2012-December 2016 and were followed up for dental caries. Patients’ clinical data on radiotherapy were collected, dynamic monitoring was performed to assess changes in oral pH values, and a questionnaire survey was administered to collect patients’ lifestyle habits. Time-dependent cox regression tress, event-free Kaplan-Meier curve, Mann-Whitely U test were used to analysis the results.Results: The median follow-up time was 30 (12-60) months. Radiotherapy-related caries occurred in 28 cases (20.3%). Univariate analyses showed that radiotherapy-related caries was associated with patient’s age, oral saliva pH value, green tea consumption, and radiation dose to sublingual glands, but not with the radiation dose to the parotid and submandibular glands. Multivariate analysis showed that oral saliva pH value (hazard ratio [HR]=0.390, 95% confidence interval=0.204-0.746) was an independent prognostic factor for radiotherapy-related caries. Patients with oral saliva pH values ≤5.3 in the 9th month after radiotherapy a significantly higher risks for radiotherapy-related caries (HR=33.68, p<0.001). Conclusions: Green tea consumption was associated with the occurrence of radiotherapy-related caries, and oral saliva pH values could predict the occurrence of radiotherapy-related caries. Limiting radiation doses to sublingual glands can reduce the occurrence of radiotherapy-related caries.
Hyperhomocysteinemia and its Relations to Conventional Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Adult Nigerians: The REMAH Study.
Authors: Chori Babangida , Danladi Benjamin , Inyang Bassey , Okoh Michael , Nwegbu Maxwell , Alli Adewale , Odili Augustine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Evidence linking homocysteine (Hcy) with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) or its risk factors are insufficient in a Sub-Saharan black population. Objective: We set out to evaluate the association between Hcy and hypertension and other CVD risk factors in a population of adult Nigerians. Methods: Data of 156 adults aged 18-70years was accessed from the North Central study site of the REmoving the MAsk on Hypertension (REMAH) study. Homocysteine, blood glucose and lipid profile in whole blood/serum were measured using standard laboratory methods. Hypertension was diagnosed if average of 5 consecutive blood pressure (BP) measurements obtained using a mercury sphygmomanometer was equal to or higher than 140 systolic and/or 90 mmHg diastolic or the individual is on antihypertensive medication. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was defined as Hcy>10µmol/L. Results: Of the 156 participants, 72 (43.5%) were hypertensive, of whom 18 had HHcy. Subjects with HHcy were significantly (p<0.05) older (41.5 vs 40.6yrs), had lower HDL-cholesterol (0.6 vs 0.8mmol/L) and higher systolic (145.5 vs 126.0mmHg) and diastolic BP (92.9 vs 79.6mmHg), compared to those without HHcy. Intake of alcohol and a 1yr increase in age were respectively and significantly (p<0.05) associated with a 1.54 and 0.10 µmol/L increase in Hcy. In a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex and body mass index, a 1µmol/L increase in Hcy, was associated with a 1.69 mmHg and 1.34 mmHg increase in systolic and diastolic pressure (p< 0.0001) respectively; and a 0.01mmol/L decrease in HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05). Conclusion: HHcy occurs among hypertensive Nigerians and it is independently associated with age, HDL-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic BP.
High-Depth Viral Blood Metagenomics Reveals Extensive Anellovirus Diversity in Healthy Humans
Authors: Cebriá-Mendoza María , Arbona Cristina , Larrea Luís , Díaz Wladimiro , Arnau Vicente , Peña Carlos , Bou Juan , Sanjuán Rafael , Cuevas José 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Human blood metagenomics has revealed the presence of different types of viruses in apparently healthy subjects. By far, anelloviruses constitute the viral family that is more frequently found in human blood, although amplification biases and contaminations pose a major challenge in this field. To investigate this further, we subjected pooled plasma samples from 120 healthy donors in Spain to high-speed centrifugation, RNA and DNA extraction, random amplification, and massive parallel sequencing. Our results confirm the abundance of anelloviruses in such samples, which represented >98% of the total viral sequence reads obtained. We assembled 114 different viral genomes belonging to this family, revealing remarkable diversity. Phylogenetic analysis of ORF1 suggested 28 potentially novel anellovirus species, 24 of which were validated by Sanger sequencing to discard artifacts. These findings underscore the importance of implementing more efficient purification procedures that enrich the viral fraction as an essential step in virome studies and question the suggested pathological role of anelloviruses.
Three-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Relationships of Gangliogenesis With Folliculogenesis in Mature Mouse Ovary: A Golgi-Cox Staining Approach
Authors: Zarch Mohammad Ebrahim Asadi , Afshar Alireza , Rahmanifar Farhad , Shirazi Mohammad Reza Jafarzadeh , Baghban Mandana , Dadpasand Mohammad , Rezazadeh Farzad Mohammad , Khoradmehr Arezoo , Baharvand Hossein , Tamadon Amin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The present study was set out to investigate two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) evaluations of ovarian nervous network development and the structural relationship between folliculogenesis and gangliogenesis in mouse ovary. Adult mice ovarian tissue samples were collected from diestrus and estrus stages after cardiac perfusion. Ovarian samples were stained by a Golgi-Cox protocol. Following staining, tissues were serially sectioned for imaging. Neural filaments and ganglia were present in the ovaries. In both 2D and 3D studies, an increase in the number and area of ganglia was seen during the follicular growth. The same pattern was also seen in corpora lutea development. However, in some cases such as ratio of ganglia number to follicle area, the ratio of ganglia area to follicular area, 2D findings were different compared with the 3D results. 3D analysis of ovarian gangliogenesis showed the possible direct effect of them on folliculogenesis. Golgi-Cox staining was used in this study for 3D evaluation in non-brain tissue. The results of 3D analysis of the present study showed that, in some cases, the information provided by 2D analysis does not match the reality of ovarian neuronal function. This confirmed the importance of 3D analysis for evaluation of ovarian function.
Comparison Between Deep Inspiration Breath Hold and Shallow Breathing for Prone Photon or Proton Irradiation of the Breast and Regional Lymph Nodes
Authors: Speleers Bruno , Schoepen Max , Belosi Francesca , Vakaet Vincent , De Neve Wilfried , Deseyne Pieter , Paelinck Leen , Vercauteren Tom , Parkes Michael , Lomax Tony , Greveling Annick Van , Bolsi Alessandra , Weber Damien , Veldeman Liv , De Gersem Werner 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We report on a comparative dosimetrical study between deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) and shallow breathing (SB) in prone crawl position for photon and proton radiotherapy of whole breast (WB) and locoregional lymph node regions, including the internal mammary chain (LN_IM). We investigate the dosimetrical effects of DIBH in prone crawl position on organs-at-risk for both photon and proton plans. For each modality, we further estimate the effects of lung and heart doses on the mortality risks of different risk profiles of patients. Thirty-one patients with invasive carcinoma of the left breast and pathologically confirmed positive lymph node status were included in this study. DIBH significantly decreased dose to heart for photon and proton radiotherapy. DIBH also decreased lung doses for photons, while increased lung doses were observed using protons because the retracting heart is displaced by low-density lung tissue. For other organs-at-risk, DIBH resulted in significant dose reductions using photons while minor differences in dose deposition between DIBH and SB were observed using protons. In high-risk patients for cardiac and lung cancer mortality, average thirty-year mortality rates from radiotherapy-related cardiac injury and lung cancer were estimated at 3.12% (photon DIBH), 4.03% (photon SB), 1.80% (proton DIBH) and 1.66% (proton SB). The radiation-related mortality risk could not outweigh the ~8% disease-specific survival benefit of WB + LN_IM radiotherapy in any of the assessed treatments. Trial registration: No trial registration was performed because there were no therapeutic interventions.