bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medial Ankle Stability Evaluation With Dynamic Ultrasound: Establishing Natural Variations in the Healthy Cohort
Authors: Saengsin Jirawat , Hagemeijer Noortje C. , Ho Chang Song , Lubberts Bart , Waryasz Gregory , Guss Daniel , DiGiovanni Christopher W. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Destabilizing injuries to the deltoid ligament have relied on radiographic stress examination for diagnosis, with a focus on medial clear space (MCS) widening. Recently, studies have demonstrated the use of ultrasonography to assess deltoid ligament injury, but not the medial ankle stability. The purpose of this study was to assess the MCS via ultrasonography while weight-bearing and with a gravity stress test (GST) in the uninjured ankle as a means of establishing normative values for future comparison.

Methods:
Twenty-six participants with no reported ankle injury in their premedical history were included. The MCS was examined using ultrasonography with the patient lying in a lateral decubitus position to replicate a GST with the ankle held in a neutral and plantarflexed position as well as while weight-bearing. The MCS was assessed in mm at the anteromedial and inferomedial aspect of the ankle joint.

Results:
With weight-bearing, the average anterior MCS and inferior MCS were 3.6 and 3.3 mm, respectively. During the GST in neutral ankle position, the average anterior MCS was 4.1 mm, whereas the average inferior MCS was 4.0 mm. When measured during the GST in plantarflexed ankle position, the averages anterior MCS and inferior MCS increased to 4.4 mm. MCS values were notably higher with GST than with weight-bearing measurements (P < 0.001). MCS values were notably higher with the foot in a plantarflexed compared with a neutral position when doing GST (P < 0.001). No notable differences in MCS distance were found when comparing laterality (P > 0.05). Height had a notable effect on all MCS values (P < 0.05). Inter- and intra-rater reliabilities for ultrasonographic MCS measurements were all excellent (interclass correlation coefficient >0.75).

Discussion:
Ultrasound can reliably measure the MCS of the ankle while doing dynamic stress manoeuvres. With the deltoid ligament intact, a GST increases MCS widening more than weight-bearing, and holding the ankle in plantarflexion while doing a gravity stress view, further increases this difference.

Levels of evidence:
Diagnostic studies—investigating a diagnostic test: Level III
Habilidades funcionais e qualidade de vida em crianças com Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda
Authors: Weber Meyene Duque , Merey Leila Simone Foerster , Soares-Marangoni Daniele De Almeida 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Comparar as capacidades funcionais e a qualidade de vida entre crianças com leucemia linfoblástica aguda em tratamento com quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia e crianças sem o tratamento, de 4 a 7 anos de idade.Método: Participaram do estudo 50 crianças, sendo 25 em tratamento (grupo experimental) e 25 que já terminaram o tratamento (grupo controle), avaliados por meio do Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade (PEDI) e da Escala de Qualidade de Vida da Criança (AUQEI).Resultados: Não houve diferença entre os grupos nos escores brutos do PEDI e na pontuação do AUQEI. Os escores normativos do PEDI apresentaram-se predominantemente abaixo do esperado para a idade em ambos os grupos. A pontuação do AUQEI demonstrou uma qualidade de vida prejudicada no grupo experimental e no controle.Conclusão: Sugere-se que a leucemia linfoblástica aguda e seus tratamentos (quimio e radioterápicos) geram prejuízos funcionais e psicossociais, tanto no momento do tratamento oncológico como após sua conclusão e remissão da doença. É relevante que haja promoção de um acompanhamento longitudinal e multiprofissional da criança com câncer, a fim de minimizar os danos e reinseri-la na comunidade efetivamente.
Co-constructing the Video Consultation-competent patient
Authors: Nielsen Ann Merrit Rikke 
Published: November 2020

Through detailed multimodal EMCA analysis, this paper explores consultations between a geriatric patient in a residential rehabilitation facility, his local caregivers, his relative, and his GP, who is present via telepresence robot. The analysis focuses on a) the patient’s interaction with the telepresence robot and the other participants in the opening sequences, including the establishment of joint attention, as a mutual accomplishment; b) how the role of “the competent Video Consultation (VC)-patient” is negotiated and co-constructed (Goodwin, 2013; Jacoby & Ochs, 1995) over time; and c) how the patient displays increasing VC-competences and develops practices associated with a situational identity as “tech-savvy patient” (Suchman, 2009; Zimmerman, 2008).
When a different perspective and contextual knowledge change the conclusions: Commentary on Baugerud et al. (2020)
Authors: Melinder Annika , Magnusson Mikaela , Ask Karl , Gilstrap Livia , Landström Sara 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn this commentary, we raise concerns about potential methodological shortcomings in a recent paper by Baugerud et al. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2020, 34, 654–663, which threaten the validity and the interpretative power of the original authors' conclusions. Our concerns relate to (a) the use of a scoring system that fails to account for how children's legal rights have been implemented in the Norwegian legal system; (b) the failure to acknowledge the legal and ethical rationales behind the use of specific procedures in the Norwegian child interviewing model; (c) the lack of justification based on developmental theory or empirical distributions when creating age groups for statistical comparisons; and (d) the seemingly arbitrary and selective use of outcome variables to support a negative interpretation of the Norwegian interviewing model. Finally, because applied research may directly inform policy decisions, we argue that authors need to be particularly transparent with any potential conflicts of interest and have a low threshold for reporting such.
Monolayer Vanadium‐Doped Tungsten Disulfide: A Room‐Temperature Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor
Authors: Zhang Fu , Zheng Boyang , Sebastian Amritanand , Olson David H. , Liu Mingzu , Fujisawa Kazunori , Pham Yen Thi Hai , Jimenez Valery Ortiz , Kalappattil Vijaysankar , Miao Leixin , Zhang Tianyi , Pendurthi Rahul , Lei Yu , Elías Ana Laura , Wang Yuanxi , Alem Nasim , Hopkins Patrick E. , Das Saptarshi , Crespi Vincent H. , Phan Manh‐Huong , Terrones Mauricio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS), achieved through substitutional doping of spin‐polarized transition metals into semiconducting systems, enable experimental modulation of spin dynamics in ways that hold great promise for novel magneto–electric or magneto–optical devices, especially for two‐dimensional (2D) systems such as transition metal dichalcogenides that accentuate interactions and activate valley degrees of freedom. Practical applications of 2D magnetism will likely require room‐temperature operation, air stability, and (for magnetic semiconductors) the ability to achieve optimal doping levels without dopant aggregation. Here, room‐temperature ferromagnetic order obtained in semiconducting vanadium‐doped tungsten disulfide monolayers produced by a reliable single‐step film sulfidation method across an exceptionally wide range of vanadium concentrations, up to 12 at% with minimal dopant aggregation, is described. These monolayers develop p‐type transport as a function of vanadium incorporation and rapidly reach ambipolarity. Ferromagnetism peaks at an intermediate vanadium concentration of ~2 at% and decreases for higher concentrations, which is consistent with quenching due to orbital hybridization at closer vanadium–vanadium spacings, as supported by transmission electron microscopy, magnetometry, and first‐principles calculations. Room‐temperature 2D‐DMS provide a new component to expand the functional scope of van der Waals heterostructures and bring semiconducting magnetic 2D heterostructures into the realm of practical application.
Instabilities in an Optical Black‐Hole Laser
Authors: Rincon‐Estrada Juan David , Bermudez David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Hamiltonian of optical fields in a nonlinear dispersive fiber is studied. Quantum field fluctuations are spontaneously created close to an optical event horizon through the analog Hawking effect. The simplest model is considered for an optical black‐hole laser, where the Hawking radiation is produced and amplified inside a cavity formed by two horizons: a black hole and a white hole. It is found that resonant Hawking radiation originates from a discrete set of instabilities and tunnels out of the horizons. Finally, the numerical results are compared with the resonance and instability conditions and a phenomenological model is developed to give a clear physical picture.
The effects of obesity on the human body part III: Cardiovascular, digestive, excretory, endocrine, and reproductive
Authors: Dupont Graham , Bordes Stephen J. , Lachkar Stefan , Wahl Lauren , Iwanaga Joe , Loukas Marios , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis third installment of The Effects of Obesity on the Human Body discusses the endocrine, digestive, reproductive, cardiovascular, and excretory systems. Obesity is known to upset hormonal balance, leading to widespread metabolic disorders involving organs such as the liver and pancreas. Furthermore, the hypersecretion of leptin from adipose tissue triggers various responses from the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems, with implications for energy and nutrient balance and uptake.
Evaluating the challenge of China's crossverging young “Enviro‐Materialists”
Authors: Dermody Janine , Zhao Anita Lifen , Koenig‐Lewis Nicole , Hanmer‐Lloyd Stuart 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChina's industrialization is reshaping its younger age generation toward increased materialism and social visibility. This is problematic because materialistic social status consumption can undermine a deeper commitment to sustainability. We evaluate this phenomenon by examining sustainable consumption buying in China, through the theories of crossvergence (valuing modernization) and stickiness (valuing traditions). Specifically, we examine the moderation effects of Chinese age generations, in three socio‐historical periods, on this sustainability behavior. Namely, the post‐50/60s consolidation, post‐70s revolution, and post‐80s social reform age generations. Utilizing an online panel survey (n = 981), we investigated the direct and indirect effects—via pro‐environmental self‐identity—of materialism, social consumption motivation, and environmental concern on these generations sustainable buying behaviors. Importantly, we found the positive direct effect of materialism on sustainability buying was significantly higher for the younger post‐80s cohort, in contrast to the post‐50/60s and post‐70s generations. Social consumption was higher among the post‐80s and post‐70s generations. Environmental concern was insignificant for the post‐80s but a significantly higher influence on the post‐70s generation. This suggests a new younger consumer generation is emerging, who in juxtaposition to current notions of consuming sustainably, appear to mix materialism and sustainability together to consume as green materialists. We have named this consumer group “enviro‐materialists.” These enviromaterialists raise important questions about the currently under‐researched generational underpinnings of sustainable consumption and the macrosystems within which this takes place. We propose interconnected governmental and corporate marketing interventions. These have potential to increase the sustainability behaviors of China's enviro‐materialists, while reducing their materialism.
Die additive Farbmischung
Authors: Ducci Matthias 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungEs werden zahlreiche Experimente zur Demonstration der additiven Farbmischung mit fluoreszierenden Lösungen präsentiert, die überwiegend aus Alltagsprodukten hergestellt werden. Überdies kombinieren die Versuche die Themenfelder additive Farbmischung, Indikatoren und Säure‐Base‐Reaktionen, chemisches Gleichgewicht sowie Fluoreszenz und Fluoreszenzlöschung auf eine sehr anschauliche Art miteinander, worin die verschiedenen Einsatzmöglichkeiten im Chemieunterricht und damit ihr fachdidaktisches Potential zu sehen ist.
Optimal spectra for double object‐colour solids
Authors: Centore Paul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOptimal colours for human vision occur on the boundary of a three‐dimensional object‐colour solid, and result from optimal reflectance spectra that take on only the values 0 and 1, with at most two transitions between those values. Different illuminants lead to different solids. If there are two illuminants and a single sensing device, then we can construct a six‐dimensional double object‐colour solid by concatenating colour signals from both illuminants. Colours on the boundary of a double‐object solid, and the spectra that generate them, can also be called optimal. This article shows that, while optimal spectra for double solids take on only the values 0 and 1, there is no maximum number of transitions between those values: given a device, we can always construct two illuminants such that the resulting double object‐colour solid has an optimal reflection spectrum with as many transitions as desired.
Picture worth a thousand words: Updating repeat photography for 21st century ecologists
Authors: Hammond William M. , Stone Marie E. B. , Stone Paul A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Anthropogenic climate change is altering every ecosystem on Earth. Understanding these changes requires quality baseline measurements of ecosystem states. While satellite imagery provides a coarse baseline for regional‐scale changes in vegetation, landscape‐scale observations are lacking. Ground‐based repeat photographic points (RPP) can provide this finer baseline. As precise visual records of ecosystems at a particular time, RPP provide rich data for diverse uses. Current methodology for establishing RPP, developed in the era of film cameras, requires placement of permanent markers in a landscape to provide accurate repeats over time. Another form of RPP involves relocating sites of historic photographs, to assess change between historic and present‐day photographs. Through a three‐year field survey, we synthesized these techniques to modernize repeat photography for the 21st century ecologist.

We established 100 RPP in the Peloncillo Mountains of New Mexico, recapturing 86 RPP in the three years (2015–2017) of the study. During our study, a large (>16,000 ha) complex of wildfires burned more than half of the RPP sites we established in the prior month, providing a unique opportunity to assess method accuracy after dramatic landscape disturbance by comparing burned, unburned, pre‐, and post‐fire RPP image recapture precision.

Our method produced 92% mean similarity for 86 RPP between original and repeated photographs, with no difference between burned and unburned sites. Interval between photographs did not cause a decline in similarity.

Our updated methods can be practically applied to nearly all terrestrial study systems. Landscape changes driven by human (e.g., effects of anthropogenic climate change, land use) and natural activities (e.g., wildfires, phenology, and hydrologic events) are especially well suited to our updated methods. Modern smartphones include the technology necessary (e.g., camera, GPS, and compass) to employ our method and provide a means for low‐cost deployment of the technique in diverse landscapes. We encourage broad adoption of this technique to establish baseline RPP of ecosystems across the globe, and the formation of a centralized database for repeat photography.
Detecting spawning of threatened chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta over a large spatial extent using eDNA sampling: Opportunities and considerations for monitoring recovery
Authors: Homel Kristen M. , Franklin Thomas W. , Carim Kellie J. , McKelvey Kevin S. , Dysthe Joseph C. , Young Michael K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOver the last century, anthropogenic activities have caused substantial declines in the abundance of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) throughout their range in western North America. As a result, chum salmon were listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1999. Recovery strategies have been developed, but limited baseline data on distribution impedes implementation of these strategies. Traditional methods for identifying spawning distribution (e.g., spawning ground surveys) may be inadequate for rare species like chum salmon because of a low detection probability. In contrast, environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling is extremely sensitive to species presence and has the potential to supplement or replace existing methods for monitoring listed species. However, legal and administrative issues associated with accurately describing distribution of a listed species put a premium on understanding factors that influence detection of a species by eDNA sampling. In this study, we (a) developed and tested a quantitative PCR‐based eDNA assay for chum salmon, (b) collected eDNA samples to describe the spawning distribution of this species in Columbia River tributaries between Bonneville and The Dalles Dams, and (c) tested whether spawn surveyors could inadvertently transport chum salmon DNA between streams on their boots and waders. The newly developed assay was specific and sensitive to chum salmon DNA in both tissue and eDNA samples. Chum salmon DNA was detected in the positive control site and in four streams, which increased known contemporary spawning locations in the study area. In the contamination trial, surveyors successfully introduced chum salmon DNA into the study area but eDNA was only detected intermittently and locally over the next 11 days. The accuracy of eDNA sampling, combined with success in detecting a rare species at the population scale, makes this technique well‐suited for monitoring recolonization of chum salmon during the recovery process.
A role for TASK2 channels in the human immunological synapse
Authors: Fernández‐Orth Juncal , Rolfes Leoni , Gola Lukas , Bittner Stefan , Andronic Joseph , Sukhorukov Vladimir L. , Sisario Dmitri , Landgraf Peter , Dieterich Daniela C. , Cerina Manuela , Smalla Karl‐Heinz , Kähne Thilo , Budde Thomas , Kovac Stjepana , Ruck Tobias , Sauer Markus , Meuth Sven G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe immunological synapse is a transient junction that occurs when the plasma membrane of a T cell comes in close contact with an APC after recognizing a peptide from the antigen‐MHC. The interaction starts when CRAC channels embedded in the T cell membrane open, flowing calcium ions into the cell. To counterbalance the ion influx and subsequent depolarization, Kv1.3 and KCa3.1 channels are recruited to the immunological synapse, increasing the extracellular K+ concentration. These processes are crucial as they initiate gene expression that drives T cell activation and proliferation. The T cell‐specific function of the K2P channel family member TASK2 channels and their role in autoimmune processes remains unclear. Using mass spectrometry analysis together with epifluorescence and super‐resolution single‐molecule localization microscopy, we identified TASK2 channels as novel players recruited to the immunological synapse upon stimulation. TASK2 localizes at the immunological synapse, upon stimulation with CD3 antibodies, likely interacting with these molecules. Our findings suggest that, together with Kv1.3 and KCa3.1 channels, TASK2 channels contribute to the proper functioning of the immunological synapse, and represent an interesting treatment target for T cell‐mediated autoimmune disorders.
Prognostic role of intraparotid lymph node metastasis in primary parotid cancer: Systematic review
Authors: Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando , Thielker Jovanna , Robbins K. Thomas , Olsen Kerry D. , Shaha Ashok R. , Mäkitie Antti A. , de Bree Remco , Vander Poorten Vincent , Quer Miquel , Rinaldo Alessandra , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Rodrigo Juan Pablo , Hamoir Marc , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic importance of intraparotid lymph node metastasis (P+) in patients with primary parotid gland carcinoma is unclear.MethodsNineteen retrospective and noncomparative cohort studies, published between 1992 and 2020, met the inclusion criteria and included 2202 patients for this systematic review.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of the P in adult patients in the unselected studies was 24.10% (95% confidence interval = 17.95‐30.25). The number of P+ lymph nodes per patient was counted in only three studies and ranged from 1 to 11. The 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rate based on Kaplan‐Meier analysis varied from 83% to 88% in P− patients compared to 36% to 54% in P+ patients. The average hazard ratio for tumor recurrence in patients with P+ compared to P− was 2.67 ± 0.58.ConclusionsP+ is an independent negative prognostic factor in primary parotid gland cancer and should be included into the treatment planning.
Combination Therapies Including Cilofexor and Firsocostat for Bridging Fibrosis and Cirrhosis Attributable to NASH
Authors: Loomba Rohit , Noureddin Mazen , Kowdley Kris V. , Kohli Anita , Sheikh Aasim , Neff Guy , Bhandari Bal Raj , Gunn Nadege , Caldwell Stephen H. , Goodman Zachary , Wapinski Ilan , Resnick Murray , Beck Andrew H. , Ding Dora , Jia Catherine , Chuang Jen‐Chieh , Huss Ryan S. , Chung Chuhan , Subramanian G. Mani , Myers Robert P. , Patel Keyur , Borg Brian B. , Ghalib Reem , Kabler Heidi , Poulos John , Younes Ziad , Elkhashab Magdy , Hassanein Tarek , Iyer Rajalakshmi , Ruane Peter , Shiffman Mitchell L. , Strasser Simone , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Alkhouri Naim ,   for the ATLAS Investigators
Published: November 2020

Background and Aims
Advanced fibrosis attributable to NASH is a leading cause of end‐stage liver disease.

Approach and Results
In this phase 2b trial, 392 patients with bridging fibrosis or compensated cirrhosis (F3‐F4) were randomized to receive placebo, selonsertib 18 mg, cilofexor 30 mg, or firsocostat 20 mg, alone or in two‐drug combinations, once‐daily for 48 weeks. The primary endpoint was a ≥1‐stage improvement in fibrosis without worsening of NASH between baseline and 48 weeks based on central pathologist review. Exploratory endpoints included changes in NAFLD Activity Score (NAS), liver histology assessed using a machine learning (ML) approach, liver biochemistry, and noninvasive markers. The majority had cirrhosis (56%) and NAS ≥5 (83%). The primary endpoint was achieved in 11% of placebo‐treated patients versus cilofexor/firsocostat (21%; P = 0.17), cilofexor/selonsertib (19%; P = 0.26), firsocostat/selonsertib (15%; P = 0.62), firsocostat (12%; P = 0.94), and cilofexor (12%; P = 0.96). Changes in hepatic collagen by morphometry were not significant, but cilofexor/firsocostat led to a significant decrease in ML NASH CRN fibrosis score (P = 0.040) and a shift in biopsy area from F3‐F4 to ≤F2 fibrosis patterns. Compared to placebo, significantly higher proportions of cilofexor/firsocostat patients had a ≥2‐point NAS reduction; reductions in steatosis, lobular inflammation, and ballooning; and significant improvements in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, bile acids, cytokeratin‐18, insulin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, ELF score, and liver stiffness by transient elastography (all P ≤ 0.05). Pruritus occurred in 20%‐29% of cilofexor versus 15% of placebo‐treated patients.

Conclusions
In patients with bridging fibrosis and cirrhosis, 48 weeks of cilofexor/firsocostat was well tolerated, led to improvements in NASH activity, and may have an antifibrotic effect. This combination offers potential for fibrosis regression with longer‐term therapy in patients with advanced fibrosis attributable to NASH.