bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Lifestyle Practices and Nutritional Status among Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Kruthi B. N. , Raghunath H. , Hamsa M. 
Published: December 2019

Background and Objectives: Overweight and obesity are not only the biggest problem among the middle-aged but also among children, teenagers and young adults. Early detection of the factors causing obesity, in turn, helps in the prevention of its complications. The objectives of the study were to assess the various lifestyle practices among medical students and to correlate the relationship between the nutritional status and biochemical parameters.
Methods: A cross-sectional - study was conducted on MBBS students studying at Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Mandya, Karnataka, India. Self-administered questionnaires were given to the students followed by the recording of their anthropometric measurements. Nutritional status was assessed using the Body Mass Index (BMI). Fasting blood sample was collected from the student and analysed the biochemical parameters.
Results: Out of 325 students, 48.9% were male students and 51.1% were female students. It was found that a higher percentage of female students (53%) was on a balanced diet as compared to male students (47.2%). The daily consumption of fruits and vegetables were less amongst students of both genders. Mean values of Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C) were higher among male students as compared to female students. Mean values of few biochemical parameters like FBS, TC, TG and LDL-C were higher amongst obese students along with a corresponding decrease in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C).
Conclusion: Our study showed that unhealthy dietary and lifestyle practices were associated with increased levels of various biochemical parameters and it was more common amongst male students. Increased biochemical parameters like FBS, TC, TG and LDL-C with the corresponding decrease in HDL-C is an alarming sign for increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease among the younger age group.
Adolescent Obesity and Overweight Prevalence amongst Urban Population of Pakistan
Authors: Khosa Zulfiqar , Bazai M. Yaseen , Mehmood Tariq , Mehboob Mukhtar , Zubair Muhammad , Sharif Mehwish , Sana Hamaiyal , Murad Sania 
Published: December 2019

Background: Adolescent obesity is a worldwide threatening health challenge. Current study was designed to assess the obesity and overweight occurrence in adolescent age groups of 12-18 years pertaining to high and low income groups of the city of Quetta Pakistan.
Methods and Results: A total of 2000 school children were investigated and classified into 1088 High Income Category (HIC) and 912 Low Income Category (LIC). Obesity and overweight were reviewed by using Body Mass Index (BMI) and Triceps Skin Fold Thickness (TSFT) specifying age and sex values for adolescents. By using BMI as the core value, occurrence of obesity and overweight remained as 1.3% to 0.5% in LIC respectively. And in HIC the obesity and overweight percentile remained 3.3% and 1.5% respectively (p<0001). While using TSFT criteria, the obesity and overweight occurrence in LIC was 0.4% and 0.4% and in HIC the obesity and overweight assessments were 1.4% and 0.7% respectively (p˂0001). Current study presented that obesity and overweight occurrence found higher in HIC compared to LIC adolescent age groups. This emphasizing the possibilities based on modified pattern of dietary habits and physical activities with mount in income height.
Conclusions: Socioeconomic condition matters in pattern of obesity and overweight amongst adolescent.
Long noncoding RNA LINC00662 promotes M2 macrophage polarization and hepatocellular carcinoma progression via activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Tian Xiaohui , Wu Yuanyuan , Yang Yating , Wang Jiaxin , Niu Menglan , Gao Shanjun , Qin Tao , Bao Dengke 
Published: December 2019

Tumor‐associated macrophages have important roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation and progression. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also been reported to be involved in HCC. In this study, we explored how lncRNA LINC00662 may influence HCC progression through both tumor cell‐dependent and macrophage‐dependent mechanisms. LINC00662 was found to be upregulated in HCC, and high LINC00662 levels correlated with poor survival of HCC patients. LINC00662 upregulated WNT3A expression and secretion via competitively binding miR‐15a, miR‐16, and miR‐107. Through inducing WNT3A secretion, LINC00662 activated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in HCC cells in an autocrine manner and further promoted HCC cell proliferation, cell cycle, and tumor cell invasion, while repressing HCC cell apoptosis. In addition, acting through WNT3A secretion, LINC00662 activated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in macrophages in a paracrine manner and further promoted M2 macrophage polarization. Via activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and M2 macrophages polarization, LINC00662 significantly promoted HCC tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Hence, targeting LINC00662 may provide novel therapeutic strategy against HCC.
Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Multicomponent Therapy in Patients With Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Guinot Michel , Maindet Caroline , Hodaj Hasan , Hodaj Enkelejda , Bachasson Damien , Baillieul Sébastien , Cracowski Jean-Luc , Launois Sandrine 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveFibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic painful condition partly due to alterations in pain modulation by the central nervous system. Multicomponent therapy (MT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have both been reported as pain modulators in patients with FM. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of rTMS on pain with a combination of MT and rTMS versus MT alone.MethodsThirty‐nine FM patients with visual analog scale (VAS) results for pain of ≥40 mm were randomized to active or sham rTMS (high‐frequency, primary motor cortex M1) plus 12 weeks of MT (3 sessions per week combining aerobic training, pool‐based exercises, and relaxation). Repetitive TMS was started 2 weeks prior to MT and maintained until the end of the program (week 14). Assessments were achieved at baseline, at week 14, and at 6 months (week 40) after completion of the program. The main criterion was pain reduction, as assessed by the weekly mean self‐reported level of pain (reported daily). Secondary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness (graded maximal exercise test), cardiac autonomic adaptations, and FM impact (using scales for FM impact, depression, sleep efficiency, and pain catastrophizing).ResultsThe reduction of the weekly mean of pain reported daily did not differ significantly between groups (using repeated measures of analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Two‐way ANOVAs showed that pain VAS results, as well as cardiorespiratory fitness, quality of life, depression, and catastrophizing, improved significantly at week 14 and remained stable until week 40. Neither cardiac autonomic adaptations nor sleep efficiency changed significantly.ConclusionRepetitive TMS did not reduce pain in patients with FM who followed the MT program.
Centimeter‐Scale and Visible Wavelength Monolayer Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Cho Joy , Amani Matin , Lien Der‐Hsien , Kim Hyungjin , Yeh Matthew , Wang Vivian , Tan Chaoliang , Javey Ali 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMonolayer 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have shown great promise for optoelectronic applications due to their direct bandgaps and unique physical properties. In particular, they can possess photoluminescence quantum yields (PL QY) approaching unity at the ultimate thickness limit, making their application in light‐emitting devices highly promising. Here, large‐area WS2 grown via chemical vapor deposition is synthesized and characterized for visible (red) light‐emitting devices. Detail optical characterization of the synthesized films is performed, which show peak PL QY as high as 12%. Electrically pumped emission from the synthetic WS2 is achieved utilizing a transient‐mode electroluminescence device structure, which consists of a single metal–semiconductor contact and alternating gate fields to achieve bipolar emission. Utilizing this aforementioned structure, a centimeter‐scale (≈0.5 cm2) visible (640 nm) display is demonstrated, fabricated using TMDCs to showcase the potential of this material system for display applications.
Upconversion Nanoparticle Powered Microneedle Patches for Transdermal Delivery of siRNA
Authors: Wang Min , Han Yiyuan , Yu Xiaojun , Liang Liangliang , Chang Hao , Yeo David C. , Wiraja Christian , Wee Mei Ling , Liu Linbo , Liu Xiaogang , Xu Chenjie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMicroneedles (MNs) permit the delivery of nucleic acids like small interfering RNA (siRNA) through the stratum corneum and subsequently into the skin tissue. However, skin penetration is only the first step in successful implementation of siRNA therapy. These delivered siRNAs need to be resistant to enzymatic degradation, enter target cells, and escape the endosome–lysosome degradation axis. To address this challenge, this article introduces a nanoparticle‐embedding MN system that contains a dissolvable hyaluronic acid (HA) matrix and mesoporous silica‐coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs@mSiO2). The mesoporous silica (mSiO2) shell is used to load and protect siRNA while the upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) core allows the tracking of MN skin penetration and NP diffusion through upconversion luminescence imaging or optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Once inserted into the skin, the HA matrix dissolves and UCNPs@mSiO2 diffuse in the skin tissue before entering the cells for delivering the loaded genes. As a proof of concept, this system is used to deliver molecular beacons (MBs) and siRNA targeting transforming growth factor‐beta type I receptor (TGF‐βRI) that is potentially used for abnormal scar treatment.
Core–Sheath Stretchable Conductive Fibers for Safe Underwater Wearable Electronics
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Weifeng , Ye Guo , Tan Qishuo , Zhao Yan , Qiu Jiakang , Qi Shuyan , Du Xiaojia , Chen Tinglei , Liu Nan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStretchable conductive fibers can be directly woven into textiles and applied in wearable and implantable electronic devices. However, for a stretchable conductive fiber that is capable of safely using in full water environment with strains when contacting to skin, it is challenging. Herein, an ultrafine core–sheath stretchable conductive fiber (CSCF in short) with insulative outer sheath and conductive inner core is designed particularly for safe underwater electronic skin devices. CSCF starts from prestrained Lycra fiber followed by spray coating 1D conductive species (carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/silver nanowires (AgNWs)) and wrapping styrene‐(ethylene‐butylene)‐styrene (SEBS) thin film. CSCF exhibits stable core conductivity (e.g., R0 ≈ 2 × 104 S m−1, ΔR/R0 ≈ 0.1 at 100% strain) as well as surface insulation upon mechanical stretching in full water environment. The thickness‐tunable SEBS not only protects skin away from leak of CNTs and AgNWs, but also efficiently suppresses leakage current to an extremely safe level (<1 µA at 5 V) when applying in underwater electronic skin devices. A wireless charging patch composed by CSCF induction coil is able to light light emitting diode (LEDs) no matter when CSCFs are folding and stretching in water. These advantages highlight the promising application of stretchable conductive fiber with protective polymer skin for safe underwater wearable electronics.
Immobilization of Ni3Co Nanoparticles into N‐Doped Carbon Nanotube/Nanofiber Integrated Hierarchically Branched Architectures toward Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Li Tongfei , Li Sulin , Liu Qianyu , Yin Jingwen , Sun Dongmei , Zhang Mingyi , Xu Lin , Tang Yawen , Zhang Yiwei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExploring cost‐effective and high‐performance bifunctional electrocatalysts for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of paramount importance for the advancement of H2 production technology, yet remains a huge challenge. Herein, a simple electrospinning–pyrolysis strategy is developed to directly immobilize uniform Ni3Co nanoparticles into a hierarchical branched architecture constructed by in situ formed N‐doped carbon‐nanotube‐grafted carbon nanofibers. The elaborate construction of such hybrid hierarchical architecture can effectively modulate the electronic structure of the active sites, enlarge the exposure of active sites, and facilitate the electron transfer and mass diffusion, favoring both the HER and OER. As a result, the optimized catalyst requires relatively low overpotentials of 114 and 243 mV for HER and OER, respectively, to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.1 m KOH electrolyte. When employed as a bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting, the resultant catalyst shows a low cell voltage of 1.57 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2, along with an impressive stability without noticeable attenuation even after 27 h. This work presents a successful demonstration in optimizing the electrocatalytic performance of Ni‐based bifunctional electrocatalysts by simultaneously considering modulation of electronic structure, hybridization with carbon substrate, and nanostructuring through a facile synthetic strategy, which provides a new avenue to the design of a rich variety of robust transition‐metal‐based electrocatalysts for large‐scale water electrolysis.
Gut microbiota composition of Japanese macaques associates with extent of human encroachment
Authors: Lee Wanyi , Hayakawa Takashi , Kiyono Mieko , Yamabata Naoto , Hanya Goro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn recent decades, human–wildlife interaction and associated anthropogenic food provisioning has been increasing and becoming more severe due to fast population growth and urban development. Noting the role of the gut microbiome in host physiology like nutrition and health, it is thus essential to understand how human–wildlife interactions and availability of anthropogenic food in habitats can affect an animal's gut microbiome. This study, therefore, set out to examine the gut microbiota of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) with varying accessibility to anthropogenic food and the possibility of using gut microbiota as indicator for macaques’ reliance on anthropogenic food. Using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, we described the microbial composition of Japanese macaques experiencing different types of human disturbance and anthropogenic food availability—captive, provisioned, crop‐raiding, and wild. In terms of alpha diversity, our results showed that observed richness of gut microbiota did not differ significantly between disturbance types but among collection sites, whereas Shannon diversity index differed by both disturbance types and sites. In terms of beta diversity, captive populations harbored the most distinctive gut microbial composition, and had the greatest difference compared with wild populations. Whereas for provisioned and crop‐raiding groups, the macaques exhibited intermediate microbiota between wild and captive. We identified several potential bacterial taxa at different taxonomic ranks whose abundance potentially could help in assessing macaques’ accessibility to anthropogenic food. This study revealed the flexibility of the gut microbiome of Japanese macaques and provided possible indices based on the gut microbiome profile in assessing macaques’ accessibility to/reliance on anthropogenic foods.
Ferromagnetic Phase in Graphene‐Based Planar Heterostructures Induced by Charged Impurity
Authors: Grashin Petr , Sveshnikov Konstantin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe spontaneous self‐consistent generation of axial current and corresponding dipole‐like magnetic field in a planar electron–positron system similar to graphene and related heterostructures doped by charged impurity with charge Z is explored. It is shown that this effect takes place for with being a peculiar analogue of the Curie point in ferromagnetics. The properties of the induced ferromagnetic state are studied in detail. It is also shown that the magnetic dipole arising this way leads to a significant decrease of the total Casimir (vacuum) energy of the system, which in turn provides its spontaneous generation above the “Curie point” .
Harmonic Mode‐Locked Er‐Doped Fiber Laser by Evanescent Field‐Based MXene Ti3C2Tx (T = F, O, or OH) Saturable Absorber
Authors: Feng Jiangjiang , Li Xiaohui , Feng Tianci , Wang Yamin , Liu Jie , Zhang Han 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMXenes, as a legendary family of 2D van der Waals nanosheets materials, are extensively studied due to their unique characteristics of broadband nonlinear optical response. In particular, MXenes have excellent nonlinear optical properties of very large nonlinear absorption coefficients and very large nonlinear refractive indexes, which have attracted people's great attentions to study the application of MXenes in photonics, electronics, and optoelectronics in recent years. However, the high‐repetition‐rate (HRR) ultrafast pulses are not explored based on these kinds of materials. MXene Ti3C2Tx saturable absorber (SA) based on micro‐fiber is fabricated by optical deposition method. Here, MXene Ti3C2Tx SA is used to achieve 36th harmonic mode‐locking with a repetition rate of 218.4 MHz, a central wavelength of 1566.9 nm, the pulse width of 850 fs, and the spectral width of 3.51 nm. The maximum average output power and pulse energy are 6.95 mW and 0.032 nJ, respectively. This research based on MXene Ti3C2Tx light modulator opens a bright avenue for advanced nonlinear photonics.
Preferential Formation of Mono‐Metallofullerenes Governed by the Encapsulation Energy of the Metal Elements: A Case Study on Eu@C2n (2n=74–84) Revealing a General Rule
Authors: Bao Lipiao , Li Ying , Yu Pengyuan , Shen Wangqiang , Jin Peng , Lu Xing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEncapsulating one to three metal atoms or a metallic cluster inside fullerene cages affords endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) classified as mono‐, di‐, tri‐, and cluster‐EMFs, respectively. Although the coexistence of various EMF species in soot is common for rare‐earth metals, we herein report that europium tends to prefer the formation of mono‐EMFs. Mass spectroscopy reveals that mono‐EMFs (Eu@C2n) prevail in the Eu‐containing soot. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the encapsulation energy of the endohedral metal accounts for the selective formation of mono‐EMFs and rationalize similar observations for EMFs containing other metals like Ca, Sr, Ba, or Yb. Consistently, all isolated Eu‐EMFs are mono‐EMFs, including Eu@D3h(1)‐C74, Eu@C2v(19138)‐C76, Eu@C2v(3)‐C78, Eu@C2v(3)‐C80, and Eu@D3d(19)‐C84, which are identified by crystallography. Remarkably, Eu@C2v(19138)‐C76 represents the first Eu‐containing EMF with a cage that violates the isolated‐pentagon‐rule, and Eu@C2v(3)‐C78 is the first C78‐based EMF stabilized by merely one metal atom.
A study on high‐temperature co‐gasification reactivity characteristics and kinetics analysis of Hami coal and its liquefaction residue
Authors: Guo Qinghua , Huang Yuchen , Gong Yan , Wei Juntao , Yu Guangsuo 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, the rapid pyrolysis chars of Hami bituminous coal and its liquefaction residue were prepared using a high‐frequency furnace. A thermogravimetric analyzer was used to investigate the gasification reactivity and determine the mixing ratio of coal and its liquefaction residue. In addition, a scanning electron microscope, a physisorption analyzer, and a laser raman spectrometer were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of samples. Furthermore, kinetics analysis using the isoconversional method was conducted. The results showed that the gasification reactivity was affected by gasification temperature, pore structure, and carbon structure. When the gasification temperature increased to 1300 °C, the gasification reactivity of the liquefaction residue char was close to that of coal char. From the gasification reactivity point of view, the liquefaction residue could be utilized as a raw material in entrained‐flow gasification. The mixing ratio of the raw coal to the liquefaction residue was preferably 2:1. The research on activation energy showed that the gasification process belonged to pore diffusion control in the range of temperatures investigated. Specifically, there was a synergistic effect between the coal char and the liquefaction residue char in co‐gasification, which was beneficial to the gasification reaction.
A yeast optogenetic toolkit (yOTK) for gene expression control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: An‐adirekkun Jidapas (My) , Stewart Cameron J. , Geller Stephanie H. , Patel Michael T. , Melendez Justin , Oakes Benjamin L. , Noyes Marcus B. , McClean Megan N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOptogenetic tools for controlling gene expression are ideal for tuning synthetic biological networks due to the exquisite spatiotemporal control available with light. Here we develop an optogenetic system for gene expression control integrated with an existing yeast toolkit allowing for rapid, modular assembly of light‐controlled circuits in the important chassis organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We reconstitute activity of a split synthetic zinc‐finger transcription factor (TF) using light‐induced dimerization mediated by the proteins CRY2 and CIB1. We optimize function of this split TF and demonstrate the utility of the toolkit workflow by assembling cassettes expressing the TF activation domain and DNA‐binding domain at different levels. Utilizing this TF and a synthetic promoter we demonstrate that light intensity and duty cycle can be used to modulate gene expression over the range currently available from natural yeast promoters. This study allows for rapid generation and prototyping of optogenetic circuits to control gene expression in S. cerevisiae.
Process intensification by frontal chromatography: Performance comparison of resin and membrane adsorber for monovalent antibody aggregate removal
Authors: Vogg Sebastian , Pfeifer Felix , Ulmer Nicole , Morbidelli Massimo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAggregates are amongst the most important product‐related impurities to be removed during the downstream processing of antibodies due to their potential immunogenicity. Traditional operations use cation‐exchange resins in bind‐elute mode for their separation. However, frontal analysis is emerging as an alternative. In this study, a three‐step process development for a membrane adsorber and a resin material is carried out, allowing the comparison between the stationary phases. Based on a screening study, optimal loading conditions are determined, which show that weak binding is favored on the membrane and strong binding on the resin. Transfer of these findings to breakthrough experiments shows that at 99% pool purity the yield is higher for the membrane, while the resin can be loaded twice as high, exceeding yields of 85%. For the investigated antibody and based on a given regeneration protocol, the productivity of the two phases is similar, ranging around 200  g/(L·h). Due to the higher loading, the resin requires about one‐third less buffer than the membrane. Furthermore, the implementation of a wash step after loading allows to further increase yield by about 5%. In comparison to a generic bind‐elute process, productivity and buffer consumption are improved by an order of magnitude.