bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily lettuce supplements promote foraging behavior and modify the gut microbiota in captive frugivores
Authors: Greene Lydia K. , Clarke Tara A. , Southworth Chelsea A. , Bornbusch Sally L. , Ehmke Erin E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor captive primates, greater provisioning of leafy greens or foliage can promote natural foraging behavior while boosting fiber intake. Recalcitrant fiber, although minimally available to endogenous metabolism, is readily fermented into nutrients by gut microbes. Whereas most primates in captivity consume fiber‐limited diets and harbor imbalanced gut microbiota compared to their wild conspecifics, the importance of fiber provisioning to primate gut microbiota has predominately been studied in folivores. We, therefore, determined if commercial lettuce could be used to encourage foraging behavior and modify the gut microbiota of captive frugivores. We provisioned ruffed lemurs (Varecia rubraandV. variegata) with romaine lettuce, on top of the standard dietary fare, for 10 consecutive days. Before and across the period of lettuce supplementation, we collected observational data of animal feeding and fecal samples for microbiome analysis, determined via amplicon sequencing. The ruffed lemurs and their gut microbes responded to lettuce provisioning. In particular, younger animals readily ate lettuce and showed no decline in consumption across study days. When controlling for the effects of host species and social‐group membership, lettuce consumption shifted the composition of the gut microbiome away from each lemur's own baseline, an effect that became stronger as the study progressed. In the final study days,Ruminococcaceae UCG‐008andAkkermansia, microbes typically and respectively associated with fiber metabolism and host health, were significantly enriched in the consortia of lettuce‐provisioned subjects. Ultimately, the routine offering of lettuce, leafy greens, or foliage to captive frugivores may benefit animal wellbeing.
Dynamics of Nambu monopole in two Higgs doublet models. Cosmological Monopole Collider
Authors: Eto Minoru , Hamada Yu , Kurachi Masafumi , Nitta Muneto 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study the dynamics of the Nambu monopole in two Higgs doublet models, which is a magnetic monopole attached by two topological Z strings (Z flux tubes) from two opposite sides. The monopole is a topologically stable solution of the equation of motions when the Higgs potential has global U (1) and ℤ2 symmetries. In this paper, we consider more general cases without the ℤ2 symmetry, and find that it is no longer a static solution but moves along the Z string being pulled by the heavier string. After analytically constructing an asymptotic form of the monopole, we confirm such a motion using the numerical relaxation method. In addition, we analyze the real time dynamics of the monopole based on a point-like approximation. Consequently, if there were long string networks with the monopoles in the early universe, the monopole accelerates nearly to the speed of light emitting electromagnetic radiations as a synchrotron accelerator, and collides to an anti-monopole on the string. This collision event, which we call the cosmological monopole collider, can produce much heavier particles than those we can see today, e.g., at the Large Hadron Collider.
Temporal covariance structure of multi-spectral phenotypes and their predictive ability for end-of-season traits in maize
Authors: Anche Mahlet T. , Kaczmar Nicholas S. , Morales Nicolas , Clohessy James W. , Ilut Daniel C. , Gore Michael A. , Robbins Kelly R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKey messageHeritable variation in phenotypes extracted from multi-spectral images (MSIs) and strong genetic correlations with end-of-season traits indicates the value of MSIs for crop improvement and modeling of plant growth curve.AbstractVegetation indices (VIs) derived from multi-spectral imaging (MSI) platforms can be used to study properties of crop canopy, providing non-destructive phenotypes that could be used to better understand growth curves throughout the growing season. To investigate the amount of variation present in several VIs and their relationship with important end-of-season traits, genetic and residual (co)variances for VIs, grain yield and moisture were estimated using data collected from maize hybrid trials. The VIs considered were Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green NDVI, Red Edge NDVI, Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index, Enhanced Vegetation Index and simple Ratio of Near Infrared to Red (Red) reflectance. Genetic correlations of VIs with grain yield and moisture were used to fit multi-trait models for prediction of end-of-season traits and evaluated using within site/year cross-validation. To explore alternatives to fitting multiple phenotypes from MSI, random regression models with linear splines were fit using data collected in 2016 and 2017. Heritability estimates ranging from (0.10 to 0.82) were observed, indicating that there exists considerable amount of genetic variation in these VIs. Furthermore, strong genetic and residual correlations of the VIs, NDVI and NDRE, with grain yield and moisture were found. Considerable increases in prediction accuracy were observed from the multi-trait model when using NDVI and NDRE as a secondary trait. Finally, random regression with a linear spline function shows potential to be used as an alternative to mixed models to fit VIs from multiple time points.
Adverse event management in the TOURMALINE-MM3 study of post-transplant ixazomib maintenance in multiple myeloma
Authors: Kaiser Martin , Beksaç Meral , Gulbrandsen Nina , Schjesvold Fredrik , Hájek Roman , Moreau Philippe , de Arriba de la Fuente Felipe , Mateos María-Victoria , West Sharon , Spencer Andrew , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Suryanarayan Kaveri , Czorniak Michael , Li Cong , Teng Zhaoyang , Labotka Richard , Dimopoulos Meletios A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled TOURMALINE-MM3 study (NCT02181413) demonstrated improved progression-free survival with ixazomib maintenance versus placebo post autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in multiple myeloma patients. We report additional safety data from TOURMALINE-MM3 to inform adverse event (AE) management recommendations. Patients were randomized 3:2 to receive ixazomib (n = 395) or placebo (n = 261) on days 1, 8, and 15 of 28-day cycles for ~ 2 years or until progressive disease/toxicity. The initial 3-mg ixazomib dose was escalated to 4 mg in cycle 5, if tolerated in cycles 1–4. Safety was a secondary endpoint assessed in all treated patients; AEs were graded using Common Terminology Criteria for AEs v4.03. The rate of grade ≥ 3 AEs was higher in the ixazomib arm (19%) than in the placebo arm (5%), but the rate of discontinuation due to AEs was similar (7% vs. 5%). For AEs of clinical interest, rates were higher with ixazomib versus placebo: nausea 39% versus 15%, vomiting 27% versus 11%, diarrhea 35% versus 24%, thrombocytopenia 13% versus 3%, and peripheral neuropathy 19% versus 15%. However, the majority of events were low-grade, manageable with supportive therapy or dose reduction, and reversible, and did not result in discontinuation. There was no evidence of cumulative, long-term, or late-onset toxicity with ixazomib maintenance. Ixazomib is an efficacious and tolerable option for post-ASCT maintenance. AEs associated with ixazomib maintenance can be managed in the context of routine post-ASCT supportive care due to the limited additional toxicity. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02181413
Clostridium massiliamazoniense sp. nov., New Bacterial Species Isolated from Stool Sample of a Volunteer Brazilian
Authors: Dione Niokhor , Lo Cheikh Ibrahima , Raoult Didier , Fenollar Florence , Fournier Pierre-Edouard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe study of the gut microbiota by the “culturomics concept” permitted us to isolate, from human stool sample, an unknown anaerobic bacterium within the genus Clostridium for which we propose the name Clostridium massiliamazoniense sp. nov. It was isolated from the fecal flora of a healthy 49-year-old Brazilian male. Here, we describe the characteristics of this organism and its complete genome sequencing and annotation. Clostridium massiliamazoniense sp. nov., ND2T (= CSURP1360 = DSMZ 27309) is a Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic member of Firmicutes with a 3,732,600 bp-long genome and a G+C content of 27.6%.
Accuracy of fully guided orthodontic mini-implant placement evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography: a study involving human cadaver heads
Authors: Kniha Kristian , Brandt Maximilian , Bock Anna , Modabber Ali , Prescher Andreas , Hölzle Frank , Danesh Golamreza , Möhlhenrich Stephan Christian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of fully guided orthodontic mini-implant (OMI) placements supported by tooth- (TBGs) or gingiva-borne silicone guides (GBGs) based on virtually superimposed lateral cephalograms on virtual plaster models.

Materials and methods
Lateral cephalograms and corresponding plaster models were virtually superimposed for the planning of OMI positions; fully guided TBGs and GBGs were fabricated (each, n = 10). A total of 40 OMIs were inserted in a paramedian position into the palate of 20 human cadavers. Postoperative cone-beam computer tomographies (CBCTs) were carried out, and an accuracy evaluation was performed by comparing preoperative planning models and postoperative CBCTs. Deviations of the axis, tip, centre of the shoulder and vertical position of each of the implants were evaluated. Furthermore, the transfer accuracy measured by postoperative CBCT scans were compared with the accuracy determined using an intraoral scanner.

Results
A significant deviation between TBGs (2.81° SD 2.69) and GBGs (6.22° SD 4.26) regarding implant angulation was evaluated (p = 0.005). Implant tip and implant shoulder deviations revealed no statistical differences between the guides. Accuracy values of oral scans regarding vertical deviations were significantly more inaccurate when compared with CBCTs (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The accuracy of an OMI position can be significantly increased by using a guide extension over the teeth. Vertical implant positions presented the lowest deviations. Postoperative oral scans and CBCTs represent diverging accuracy measurements when compared with virtual planning.

Clinical relevance
Users must keep in mind that despite virtual planning deviations, inaccuracies of a few millimetres may occur.
From oxbow to mire: Chironomidae and Cladocera as habitat palaeoindicators
Authors: Płóciennik Mateusz , Pawłowski Dominik , Vilizzi Lorenzo , Antczak-Orlewska Olga 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChironomidae and Cladocera are useful palaeoindicators to describe long-term dynamics in biodiversity of freshwater aquatic communities. However, palaeoecological studies relying on these aquatic invertebrates have generally focused on post-glacial lakes, with relatively few applications to floodplain water bodies such as palaeo-oxbow lakes. In this study, zone-level (stratigraphic) trends in Chironomidae and Cladocera assemblage composition were analysed from a small palaeo-oxbow lake in a Central European river valley of Poland. Summer air temperature and hydrological conditions were found to be the main drivers of Cladocera and Chironomidae populations, causing a cascade effect in assemblage composition. At the local habitat scale, there were autecological differences in both taxonomic groups reflecting different responses to abiotic and biotic factors. Specifically, Cladocera responded distinctly to plant vegetation and fish predation during the Late Glacial lake phase, whereas Chironomidae were more sensitive to paludification processes and disappeared in the Northgrippian dry phase of the mire. Both groups indicated fluvial activity of the River Grabia, although the response was different. Also, species richness was higher in the more taxonomically diverse Chironomidae compared to Cladocera. As both groups responded to the same factors in a different way, it is recommended that they should be used in parallel in palaeoecological research studies.
Eligibility for subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in patients with left ventricular assist device
Authors: Zormpas Christos , Eiringhaus Jörg , Hillmann Henrike A. K. , Hohmann Stephan , Müller-Leisse Johanna , Schmitto Jan D. , Veltmann Christian , Duncker David 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) could be a promising alternative to the conventional transvenous ICD in patients with LVAD due to its reduced risk of infection. However, surface ECG is altered following LVAD implantation and, since S-ICD detection is based on surface ECG, S-ICD could be potentially affected. The aim of the present study was to analyze S-ICD eligibility in patients with LVAD.

Methods
Seventy-five patients implanted with an LVAD were included in this prospective single-center study. The ECG-based screening test and the automated screening test were performed in all patients.

Results
Fifty-five (73.3%) patients had either a positive ECG-based or automated screening test. Out of these, 28 (37.3%) patients were found eligible for S-ICD implantation with both screening tests performed. ECG-based screening test was positive in 50 (66.6%) patients; automated screening test was positive in 33 (44.0%) patients. Three ECG-based screening tests could not be evaluated due to artifacts. With the automated screening test, in 9 (12.0%) patients, the test yielded no result.

Conclusions
Patients implanted with an LVAD showed lower S-ICD eligibility rates compared with patients without LVAD. With an S-ICD eligibility rate of maximal 73.3%, S-ICD therapy may be a feasible option in these patients. Nevertheless, S-ICD implantation should be carefully weighed against potential device-device interference. Prospective studies regarding S-ICD eligibility before and after LVAD implantation are required to further elucidate the role of S-ICD therapy in this population.
Impact of unit-specific metrics and prescribing tools on a family medicine ward
Authors: Mercuro Nicholas J. , Lodise Thomas P. , Kenney Rachel M. , Rezik Berta , Vemulapalli Raghavendra C. , Costandi Mariam J. , Davis Susan L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:Prescribing metrics, cost, and surrogate markers are often used to describe the value of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs. However, process measures are only indirectly related to clinical outcomes and may not represent the total effect of an intervention. We determined the global impact of a multifaceted AMS initiative for hospitalized adults with common infections.Design:Single center, quasi-experimental study.Methods:Hospitalized adults with urinary, skin, and respiratory tract infections discharged from family medicine and internal medicine wards before (January 2017–June 2017) and after (January 2018–June 2018) an AMS initiative on a family medicine ward were included. A series of AMS-focused initiatives comprised the development and dissemination of: handheld prescribing tools, AMS positive feedback cases, and academic modules. We compared the effect on an ordinal end point consisting of clinical resolution, adverse drug events, and antimicrobial optimization between the preintervention and postintervention periods.Results:In total, 256 subjects were included before and after an AMS intervention. Excessive durations of therapy were reduced from 40.3% to 22% (P < .001). Patients without an optimized antimicrobial course were more likely to experience clinical failure (OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.17–4.72). The likelihood of a better global outcome was greater in the family medicine intervention arm (62.0%, 95% CI, 59.6–67.1) than in the preintervention family medicine arm.Conclusion:Collaborative, targeted feedback with prescribing metrics, AMS cases, and education improved global outcomes for hospitalized adults on a family medicine ward.
Mobile Professionals and Metropolitan Models: The German Roots of Vocational Education in Latin America
Authors: Schrank Andrew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Latin American model of vocational education has been widely portrayed as a homegrown success story, particularly by scholars and stakeholders who are aware of the region’s skill deficits, wary of alien solutions, and suspicious of institutional transfers more generally. Is the Latin American model really homegrown? I use a combination of qualitative and quantitative data to trace the model’s mores and methods not to the New World but to Central Europe and go on to identify three different transmission paths in the 20th century:imitationby Latin Americans of German origin, descent, and/or training in the run-up to World War II;propagationby West Germanattachésand advisors in an effort to rehabilitate their country’s image in the wake of the war; andadaptationby local employers and policymakers—who received additional support from Germany—at the turn of the last century. The results suggest that institutional importation is less a discreteeventoroutcometo be avoided than an ongoingprocessthat, first, entails translation, adaptation, and at times obfuscation by importers as well as exporters; and, second, is facilitated by immigrants, their descendants, and diplomats in transnational contact zones.
In the Name of the Cross: Christianity and Anti-Semitic Propaganda in Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy
Authors: Kertzer David I. , Mokosch Gunnar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe role played by Christianity and Christian churches in the demonization of the Jews by the German National Socialist and Italian Fascist regimes remains a subject of intense controversy. The historiography at the base of this debate has been largely rooted in research on either Germany or Italy, yet comparative empirical study is particularly well-suited to allow broader generalizations. Such work is especially valuable given the very different relationships the two regimes maintained with the churches. This article identifies similarities and differences in the Nazi and Italian Fascist uses of Christianity in their efforts to turn their populations against the Jews through examination of two of their most influential popular anti-Semitic propaganda vehicles:La difesa della razzain Italy andDer Stürmerin Germany. Both mixed pseudoscientific racial theories with arguments based on Christian religious authority, and both presented themselves as defenders of Christianity against the Jewish threat. Yet while the Italian publication, reflecting the Fascist regime's close relationship with the Roman Catholic Church, took care to present itself as in harmony with the Church, the German publication adopted a much more critical attitude toward contemporary German churches and churchmen, casting them as having strayed from the true teachings of Jesus.
Transhumants and Rural Change in Northern Greece Throughout the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Öncel Fatma 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article examines the sedentarization of transhumants in northern Greece within the context of the political, legal, social, and economic transformation of the region that occurred throughout the nineteenth century. Based on a wide range of primary sources, this research conducts a chronological survey of the local actors, events, and institutions with reference to a broader political and economic context. It emphasizes that, in the first half of the century, a provincial-elite regime and imperial policies did not create substantial change in transhumance. In the 1860s, however, economic transformations at both imperial and global levels did accelerate change in the region's land and labour regimes. In response, regional landholders began to institute sedentarization, adopting various legal and economic means based on strategies including negotiation, persuasion, and compulsion.
Person-centred research practice: the user involvement in research of older adults with first-hand experience of reablement
Authors: Jokstad Kari , Landmark Bjørg Th. , Skovdahl Kirsti 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUser involvement is increasingly common in health-care research, and the ideal is user participation and influence during all research stages. Here we describe and reflect on the processes and outcomes associated with advisory group–researcher collaboration from a person-centred perspective. When planning a study in which older adults’ experiences of reablement were investigated, older adults with previous first-hand experience of reablement participated in an advisory group. We found that the fostering of healthful relationships, in which experiential and research knowledge are considered complimentary and equitable, and all members have the power to exercise their unique roles, seems to be a prerequisite for the co-creation of knowledge. Also, practical arrangements and social relationships constitute important details that are crucial to ensuring contribution from older adults with health-related conditions. While such individuals may be unable to participate during all stages of a research project, their involvement on an advisory level during the initial stages can increase study quality and relevance. Input from the advisory group members contributed to the improvement of the language in the study information sheet, improvement of the study design, development and validation of the interview guide, and insight into how the interviews should be conducted. The personal knowledge and expertise of the advisory group members, which emanated from their immediate sensitivity, contributed to the person-centredness in the study.
The Gender Citation Gap in Undergraduate Student Research: Evidence from the Political Science Classroom
Authors: Liu Li-Yin , Devine Christopher J. , Gauder Heidi 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTPrevious studies documented a “gender citation gap” in political science whereby women are less likely to be cited in published research and course syllabi, especially by male scholars. However, no previous study examined citation patterns among students in political science courses to determine if similar patterns are evident in their research. This article analyzes an original database of individual as well as group research assignments from an undergraduate research methods course. Our analysis indicates that male students are significantly less likely than female students to cite research published by women—whether as first authors, any of the authors, or the average percentage of authors per team. However, in a subsequent group research assignment, gender diversity had no discernible effect on group citation patterns. We discuss the implications of these findings for current pedagogical practices and the future state of the discipline.
Distortion mitigation for 100 and 250 MHz discrete supply modulation of a three-stage K-band MMIC PA
Authors: Duffy Maxwell Robert , Lasser Gregor , Popović Zoya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a high-efficiency linear GaN K-band transmitter for broadband high peak-average power ratio (PAPR) signals. A GaN MMIC 18.5–24 GHz three-stage power amplifier with over 4 W peak output power, 20 dB saturated gain, and 40% peak PAE is supply-modulated with a four-level discrete dynamic supply GaN MMIC. For 100 MHz signals with ${\rm PAPR}\gt 10\, {\rm dB}$, we demonstrate an average efficiency improvement from 14 to 20% with a simultaneous linearity improvement in noise power ratio (NPR) from 23 to 26 dB through a shaping function focused on gain linearization. For 250 MHz signal bandwidth, there is no observed degradation in NPR and the efficiency is improved by 5 percentage points. For discrete supply modulation, the switching transients between levels are experimentally investigated for wideband signals.