bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point‐of‐care ultrasound use for vascular access assessment and cannulation in hemodialysis: A scoping review
Authors: Schoch Monica , Bennett Paul N. , Currey Judy , Hutchinson Alison M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) for access assessment and guided cannulation has become more common in hemodialysis units. The aims of this scoping review were to determine: circumstances in which renal nurses and technicians use POCUS; the barriers and facilitators; and evidence of the effects of POCUS in guiding assessment and cannulation. A search was conducted of CINAHL, Medline, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ProQuest, Trove and Google Scholar as grey literature sources. Of 1904 publications, 21 studies met inclusion criteria (11 full text and 10 abstracts). These included primary research publications (n = 5), clinical observational cohort studies (n = 5), case studies (n = 3), published guidelines (n = 2), and published position papers (n = 6). POCUS was used for: assessing arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation; identifying landmarks and abnormalities; assessing alternate cannulation sites; performing new AVF cannulation; performing difficult cannulation; increasing cannulation accuracy; performing cannulation through stents; and patient self‐cannulation training. There were scant data on the barriers to, and facilitators of the use of POCUS, and a distinct lack of empirical evidence to support its use. These knowledge gaps highlight the need for further clinical studies, particularly randomized clinical trials, to test the effectiveness of POCUS in hemodialysis for assessment and guided cannulation.
Calcretes and travertines from the Palaeocene Itaboraí Basin as evidence of the early evolution of the Southeastern Brazil Continental Rift
Authors: Adler Paula Braga , De Ros Luiz Fernando , Mansur Kátia Leite , Ferrari André Luiz , Fernandes Luiz Alberto , Sial Alcides Nóbrega 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Itaboraí Basin, located in Rio de Janeiro state, is the smallest segment of the Southeastern Brazil Continental Rift, and the first to open, during the Palaeocene. Numerous studies focused on its fossiliferous content, but few systematically approached its depositional and diagenetic processes and products. A detailed description of the basal sedimentary deposits that remained after nearly fifty years of exploitation for cement production allowed an interpretation of the initial tectono‐sedimentary conditions responsible for the formation of the Basin. The macroscopic and petrographic description of outcrops and well core samples of the calcretes and travertines that correspond to the initial basin infill was integrated with stable isotope geochemistry. The calcretes were separated into different facies (powdery, nodular, massive, platy, laminated and brecciated), and classified according to morphogenetic stages. Their main microscopic features include nodules, contraction cracks, vadose pisoliths, rhizocretions, infiltrated clays, corroded grains, expanded micas and clay aggregates with bimasepic–plasmic microfabric. The travertines exhibit diverse forms of abiotic calcite crystal aggregates (plumose, lamellar to prismatic‐radial, spherulitic) and a minor proportion of microbial microcrystalline precipitates (bacterial shrubs). Tectonically active periods, characterized by intense fault movements associated with humid climate, promoted hydrothermal activity, formation of travertines and modification of the alluvial deposits and calcrete facies by ascending fluids. During periods of tectonic stability under arid to semi‐arid climate, the exposed alluvial and hydrothermal deposits were influenced by pedogenetic processes. Sulphide‐rich carbonate hydrothermal breccias occur in the main fault zone at the southern border. The characterization of extremely active pedogenetic and hydrothermal processes during opening and early evolution of the Itaboraí Basin is essential to the understanding of the initial evolution of the Southeastern Brazil Continental Rift. Additionally, some isotopic and petrographic similarities of the Itaboraí carbonates with the vast South Atlantic Aptian Pre‐Salt lacustrine deposits may offer an interesting contribution to the understanding of that important petroleum province.
Integrated care and the ‘agentification’ of the English National Health Service
Authors: Wright John S. F. , Turner Simon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntegrated care is a global reform principle for improving patient access and outcomes by ensuring that healthcare organisations deliver services in a joined‐up, person‐centred way. Following reforms designed to infuse agency within English National Health Service (NHS) organisations, the agenda for integration must come to grips with the different approaches to joint working that these organisations mobilise, and the compatibility of their different agentic orientations. We build a matrix for identifying the extent to which different forms of agency orient nine NHS organisational types. Interrogating the Strategic and Operational Plans of these organisations for the period 2015–2018 based on questions derived from the matrix, we associate each organisation with one of eight generalised models. Assuming that there is greater potential for integration where organisations mobilise similar forms of agency, we discuss the incentives and potential governance changes that policy makers might consider to enhance integrative potential.
Features of classic lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia in reflectance confocal microscopy: A preliminary study
Authors: Kurzeja Marta , Czuwara Joanna , Walecka Irena , Olszewska Malgorzata , Rudnicka Lidia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundClassic lichen planopilaris (LPP) and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) are primary lymphocytic cicatricial alopecia. In patients with ambiguous clinical presentation, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) a new noninvasive skin imaging technique, could be a helpful diagnostic tool. The aim of our study was to describe the characteristic features of classic LPP and FFA using RCM.Materials and methodsTen patients with classic lichen planopilaris and two with frontal fibrosing alopecia were examined with RCM.ResultsLichenoid inflammatory infiltrate around the hair follicle was observed in three cases of classic LPP and FFA (3/12; 25.0%). Extensive perifollicular fibrosis was seen in nine patients (9/12; 75.0%) with classic LPP and FFA. An increased number of white, ill‐defined, coarse dermal fibers at the level of the superficial dermis were visible in seven cases (7/12; 58.3%). Moreover, dilated blood vessels were present in seven patients with classic LPP and FFA (7/12; 58.3%).ConclusionSumming up, reflectance confocal microscopy allows to visualize major key diagnostic features of classic lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia in the real time. The value of RCM examination in scarring alopecia needs to be further evaluated, but it appears to be a useful adjuvant tool for the initial diagnosis of classic LPP and FFA.
Autologous umbilical cord blood for red cell concentrate transfusion in preterm infants in the era of delayed cord clamping: An uncontrolled clinical trial
Authors: Abiramalatha Thangaraj , Radhakrishnan Krishnamoorthy , Panicker Vinod Kumar , Ninan Binu , Godla Usharani , Chandrasekaran Ashok , Balakrishnan Umamaheswari , Amboiram Prakash 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the utility of autologous umbilical cord blood (UCB) for red cell concentrate (RCC) transfusion in preterm infants.MethodsWe recruited preterm infants born at ≤30 weeks' gestation or have an estimated fetal weight <1,200 g. We intended to perform delayed cord clamping (DCC) and to collect UCB following DCC. The quality parameters used included blood culture performed once, and biochemical and haematological parameters assessed weekly.ResultsOf the 46 recruited neonates, DCC could be performed for 1 minute in 11 (23.9%) and for 30–59 seconds in 10 (21.7%) infants. The success rate of UCB collection was significantly lower in infants who underwent DCC for 1 minute (27%) compared to those who underwent DCC for 30–59 seconds (70%) or immediate cord clamping (72%) (pvalue 0.031).Twenty‐five UCBs were stored after eliminating three that had positive culture. UCB had satisfactory quality for transfusion from day 3 (when blood culture report was available) to 14 (after which pH decreased to <6.5).Thirteen infants required 27 RCC transfusions. Autologous UCB could be used for only five (18.5%) transfusions.ConclusionThe success rate of UCB collection after DCC for 1 minute is low. Autologous UCB meets less than one‐fifth of transfusion requirements. Hence, autologous UCB transfusion is not a workable option in preterm infants.
Malathion insecticide resistance inAedes aegypti: laboratory conditions andin situexperimental approach through adult entomological surveillance
Authors: Leandro André de Souza , Rios Jean Avemir , Britto André da Silva , Galvão Sandro Roberto , Lopes Renata Defante , Rivas Açucena Veleh , Martins Caroline Amaral , da Silva Isaac , Delai Robson Michael , Gonçalves Daniela Dib , da Silva Mário Antônio Navarro , Palacio‐Cortès Angela Maria , Schuartz Valéria , Sibim Alessandra Cristiane , de Castro Wagner Antonio Chiba 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn Brazil, the most common method of controlling outbreaks of arbovirus is by the use of chemical sprays, which kill the insect vector,Aedes aegypti. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance ofAe. aegyptito the insecticide, malathion, in situ. The location of this study was the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu, in the state of Paraná, Brazil.MethodsUltra‐low‐volume (ULV) fogging equipment was used, by vehicle, to apply the insecticide in situ, and mosquito populations after treatment were compared with those of control areas. The resistance of strains collected from the municipality was compared to the Rockefeller strain under laboratory conditions.ResultsWe found 220 adult female specimens and 7423 eggs ofAe. aegyptiin the areas subjected to UBV treatment, whereas 245 adult females and 10 557 eggs were found in the control areas. The UBV treatment area showed no significant difference compared to the control area, for all the indices. Mortality of the Rockefeller colony varied more quickly when there were slight variations in malathion concentration than the Foz do Iguaçu population.
Performance profile of an updated safety measure rapid assay for bacteria in platelets
Authors: Vallejo Remo P. , Shinefeld Lisa , LaVerda David , Best Nancy , Lawrence Gregory , Lousararian Adam , Hornbaker Nancy , Rasmusson Patricia , Mintz Paul D 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Verax PGD rapid test for bacteria in platelets (PLTs) has been updated to simplify workflow and improve specificity and sensitivity by employing a novel sequential format. The performance of this updated version, called PGDprime, was evaluated to determine its suitability for use as an FDA‐cleared “safety measure” to supplant the current PGD test.Study design and methodsThree consecutive cGMP‐manufactured lots of PGDprime were evaluated for specificity (at three separate sites), sensitivity, reproducibility, interfering substances, assay robustness, and detection in analytical growth and ultralow‐inoculum growth studies. PGDprime's performance was compared to that of PGD.ResultsSpecificity studies yielded no false‐positive results among 3802 individual indate PLTs of seven different types (observed specificity, 100%). PGDprime detected all 10 PGD claim bacteria at the same limit of detection or better. Wild‐type Gram‐negative bacteria growing in PLTs were detected at earlier elapsed times than PGD by 12 to 30 hours. In growth studies, PGDprime detected bacteria growing in PLTs within the same 12‐hour interval as PGD or 12 to 48 hours earlier. Assay reproducibility was not affected by operator, day of test, or manufacturing lot. PGDprime tolerated a wide variation in volume transfers, timing, temperature, and relative humidity and was not affected by 15 of 16 potential interferents found in samples at extremely high or low levels.ConclusionThe PGD test has been successfully updated to PGDprime with an innovative sequential assay format to deliver a robust simplified workflow and improved specificity and sensitivity.
Peripheral chemoreflex contribution to ventilatory long‐term facilitation induced by acute intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia in males and females
Authors: Vermeulen Tyler D. , Benbaruj Jenna , Brown Courtney V. , Shafer Brooke M. , Floras John S. , Foster Glen E. 
Published: August 2020

Key points
Ventilatory long‐term facilitation (vLTF) refers to respiratory neuroplasticity that develops following intermittent hypoxia in both healthy and clinical populations.
A sustained hypercapnic background is argued to be required for full vLTF expression in humans.
We determined whether acute intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia elicits vLTF during isocapnic‐normoxic recovery in healthy males and females. We further assessed whether tonic peripheral chemoreflex drive is necessary and contributes to the expression of vLTF.
Following 40 min of intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia, minute ventilation was increased throughout 50 min of isocapnic‐normoxic recovery. Inhibition of peripheral chemoreflex drive with hyperoxia attenuated the magnitude of vLTF.
Males and females achieve vLTF through different respiratory recruitment patterns.
AbstractVentilatory long‐term facilitation (vLTF) refers to respiratory neuroplasticity that manifests as increased minute ventilation () following intermittent hypoxia. In humans, hypercapnia sustained throughout intermittent hypoxia and recovery is considered necessary for vLTF expression. We examined whether acute intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia (IHH) induces vLTF, and if peripheral chemoreflex drive contributes to vLTF throughout isocapnic‐normoxic recovery. In 19 individuals (9 females, age: 22 ± 3 years; mean ± SD), measurements of tidal volume (VT), breathing frequency (fB), , and end‐tidal gases ( and ), were made at baseline, during IHH and 50 min of recovery. Totalling 40 min, IHH included 1 min intervals of 40 s hypercapnic hypoxia (target = 50 mmHg and = +4 mmHg above baseline) and 20 s normoxia. During baseline and recovery, dynamic end‐tidal forcing maintained resting and and delivered 1 min of hyperoxia ( = 355 ± 7 mmHg) every 5 min. The depression in during hyperoxia was considered an index of peripheral chemoreflex drive. Throughout recovery was increased 4.6 ± 3.7 l min−1 from baseline (P < 0.01). Hyperoxia depressed at baseline, and augmented depression was evident following IHH (Δ = −0.8 ± 0.9 vs. −1.7 ± 1.3 l min−1, respectively, P < 0.01). The vLTF was similar between sexes (P = 0.15), but males had larger increases in VT than females (sex‐by‐time interaction, P = 0.03), and females tended to increase fB (P = 0.09). During isocapnic‐normoxic recovery following IHH: (1) vLTF is expressed in healthy humans; (2) vLTF expression is attenuated but not abolished with peripheral chemoreflex inhibition by hyperoxia, suggesting a contribution from central nervous pathways in vLTF expression; and (3) males and females develop similar vLTF through different ventilatory recruitment strategies.
Oligocene-Neogene lithospheric-scale reactivation of Mesozoic terrane accretionary structures in the Alaska Range suture zone, southern Alaska, USA
Authors: Waldien Trevor S. , Roeske Sarah M. , Benowitz Jeffrey A. , Twelker Evan , Miller Meghan S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTerrane accretion forms lithospheric-scale fault systems that commonly experience long and complex slip histories. Unraveling the evolution of these suture zone fault systems yields valuable information regarding the relative importance of various upper crustal structures and their linkage through the lithosphere. We present new bedrock geologic mapping and geochronology data documenting the geologic evolution of reactivated shortening structures and adjacent metamorphic rocks in the Alaska Range suture zone at the inboard margin of the Wrangellia composite terrane in the eastern Alaska Range, Alaska, USA. Detrital zircon uranium-lead (U-Pb) age spectra from metamorphic rocks in our study area reveal two distinct metasedimentary belts. The Maclaren schist occupies the inboard (northern) belt, which was derived from terranes along the western margin of North America during the mid- to Late Cretaceous. In contrast, the Clearwater metasediments occupy the outboard (southern) belt, which was derived from arcs built on the Wrangellia composite terrane during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. A newly discovered locality of Alaska-type zoned ultramafic bodies within the Clearwater metasediments provides an additional link to the Wrangellia composite terrane. The Maclaren and Clearwater metasedimentary belts are presently juxtaposed by the newly identified Valdez Creek fault, which is an upper crustal reactivation of the Valdez Creek shear zone, the Late Cretaceous plate boundary that initially brought them together. 40Ar/39Ar mica ages reveal independent post-collisional thermal histories of hanging wall and footwall rocks until reactivation localized on the Valdez Creek fault after ca. 32 Ma. Slip on the Valdez Creek fault expanded into a thrust system that progressed southward to the Broxson Gulch fault at the southern margin of the suture zone and eventually into the Wrangellia terrane. Detrital zircon U-Pb age spectra and clast assemblages from fault-bounded Cenozoic gravel deposits indicate that the thrust system was active during the Oligocene and into the Pliocene, likely as a far-field result of ongoing flat-slab subduction and accretion of the Yakutat microplate. The Valdez Creek fault was the primary reactivated structure in the suture zone, likely due to its linkage with the reactivated boundary zone between the Wrangellia composite terrane and North America in the lithospheric mantle.
Adipokines in early and mid-pregnancy and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes: a longitudinal study in a multiracial cohort
Authors: Francis Ellen C , Li Mengying , Hinkle Stefanie N , Cao Yaqi , Chen Jinbo , Wu Jing , Zhu Yeyi , Cao Haiming , Kemper Karen , Rennert Lior , Williams Joel , Tsai Michael Y , Chen Liwei , Zhang Cuilin 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionSeveral adipokines are implicated in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), however, longitudinal data in early pregnancy on many adipokines are lacking. We prospectively investigated the association of a panel of adipokines in early and mid-pregnancy with GDM risk.Research design and methodsWithin the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons cohort (n=2802), a panel of 10 adipokines (plasma fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4), chemerin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), adiponectin, omentin-1, vaspin, and retinol binding protein-4) were measured at gestational weeks (GWs) 10–14, 15–26, 23–31, and 33–39 among 107 GDM cases (ascertained on average at GW 27) and 214 non-GDM controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate ORs of each adipokine and GDM, controlling for known GDM risk factors including pre-pregnancy body mass index.ResultsThroughout pregnancy changes in chemerin, sOB-R, adiponectin, and high-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMW-adiponectin) concentrations from 10–14 to 15–26 GWs were significantly different among GDM cases compared with non-GDM controls. In early and mid-pregnancy, FABP4, chemerin, IL-6 and leptin were positively associated with increased GDM risk. For instance, at 10–14 GWs, the OR comparing the highest versus lowest quartile (ORQ4–Q1) of FABP4 was 3.79 (95% CI 1.63 to 8.85). In contrast, in both early and mid-pregnancy adiponectin (eg, ORQ4–Q1 0.14 (0.05, 0.34) during 10–14 GWs) and sOB-R (ORQ4–Q1 0.23 (0.11, 0.50) during 10–14 GWs) were inversely related to GDM risk. At 10–14 GWs a model that included conventional GDM risk factors and FABP4, chemerin, sOB-R, and HMW-adiponectin improved the estimated prediction (area under the curve) from 0.71 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.77) to 0.77 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.82).ConclusionsA panel of understudied adipokines including FABP4, chemerin, and sOB-R may be implicated in the pathogenesis of GDM with significant associations detected approximately 10–18 weeks before typical GDM screening.
Real-world evidence study for distribution of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and its elements on chronic bronchitis in China
Authors: Kong Qing , Li Mihui , Qin Xuanfeng , Lv Yubao , Tang Zihui 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To investigate the distribution and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and its elements on chronic bronchitis (CB) based on real-world data (RWD) so as to optimize the treatment strategies. Methods: A real-world study based on 2207 medical records collected from five hospitals in China, to explore the relationship between TCM syndrome and CB using the big data methods. Factor analyses were used to reduce the dimensions of TCM syndrome elements and found common factors. Additionally, cluster analyses were performed to value combinations of TCM syndrome element. Finally, association rule analyses were employed to assess the structures of TCM syndromes elements and estimate the patterns of TCM syndrome. Results: A total of 21 TCM syndromes were extracted from RWD in this work. There were four TCM syndromes consisting of Tan_Zhuo_Zu_Fei, Tan_Re_Yong_Fei, Feng_Han_Xi_Fei, and Feng_Re_Fan_Fei with [Formula: see text]% frequency based on the distribution frequency. The two top Xu TCM syndromes of Fei_Yin_Xu and Fei_Shen_Qi_Xu were identified. The top six pathogenesis TCM syndrome elements were Tan, Huo, Feng, Han, Qi_Xu, and Yin_Xu. Factor analyses, cluster analyses, and association rule analyses demonstrated that Tan, Huo, Feng, Han, Qi-Xu, Yin-Xu, Fei, and Shen were the core TCM syndrome elements. Conclusion: The four common Shi TCM syndromes of Tan_Zhuo_Zu_Fei, Tan_Re_Yong_Fei, Feng_Han_Xi_Fei, and Feng_Re_Fan_Fei for CB were detected in the real world study, and the two Xu TCM syndromes of Fei_Yin_Xu and Fei_Shen_Qi_Xu were identified. The Mix TCM syndrome of Fei_Pi_Qi_Xu_Tan_Shi_Yun_Fei was the main syndrome. The core TCM syndrome elements of Tan, Huo, Feng, Han, Qi_Xu, and Yin_Xu, Fei, and Shen were determined in the entire sample.
Kindly bent to free us
Authors: Radanne Gabriel , Saffrich Hannes , Thiemann Peter 
Published: August 2020

Systems programming often requires the manipulation of resources like file handles, network connections, or dynamically allocated memory. Programmers need to follow certain protocols to handle these resources correctly. Violating these protocols causes bugs ranging from type mismatches over data races to use-after-free errors and memory leaks. These bugs often lead to security vulnerabilities.
While statically typed programming languages guarantee type soundness and memory safety by design, most of them do not address issues arising from improper handling of resources. An important step towards handling resources is the adoption of linear and affine types that enforce single-threaded resource usage. However, the few languages supporting such types require heavy type annotations.
We present Affe, an extension of ML that manages linearity and affinity properties using kinds and constrained types. In addition Affe supports the exclusive and shared borrowing of affine resources, inspired by features of Rust. Moreover, Affe retains the defining features of the ML family: it is an impure, strict, functional expression language with complete principal type inference and type abstraction. does not require any linearity annotations in expressions and supports common functional programming idioms.