bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Shading Factor for Single and Double Glazing According to Solar Heat Gain / Window Heat Loss Ratio in Turkey for Residential Buildings
Authors: Kon Okan , Caner İsmail 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, solar heat gains due to solar radiation and heat losses due to air temperature difference between outdoor and indoor from single and double glazed windows for the heating period in residential buildings were determined and their ratios were calculated. For five climate zones in Turkey determined by Turkish Building Insulation Standard (TS 825); the heating months were identified for the south, north, and east-west directions. The reference indoor temperature value for heating is 19°C. It is accepted that heating will be performed in the months when the outdoor air temperatures are below this temperature. The warmest climate zone is the first zone and the coldest climate zone is the fifth zone. July has the highest air temperature month for all climate zones and January has the lowest. The highest value of solar radiation occurs in June and the lowest in December. The effects of the shading factor and the number of layers for the windows were found in the calculations. In order to find the effect of shading factor, the shading factor for discrete and adjacent buildings and heat transfer coefficients for single and double glazing were determined from TS 825. Then, the solar heat gains, window heat losses and their ratios were determined by using the shading factor for discrete and adjacent buildings and without shading factor for single and double glazing. It was calculated that the solar heat gain/window heat loss ratio was higher in double glazed windows. It means that benefit from solar energy for double layer glazing is much more than single layer glazing for heating period.
The Mathematical Model of Autonomous System on Renewable Sources for Recreation and Relaxation of the Big Cities’
Authors: Zicmane I , Berzina K , Lomane T , Zicmane I , Berzina-Novikova N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Urbanization is a worldwide historical process that is related to the deep transformation of the existing cities and settlements. This process is based on the development of the industry, transport, housing, construction, as well as the spread of the urban way of living. Among the negative factors of urbanization, the following ones can be outlined: an active increase in environmental pollution by means of industrial emissions and waste, the lag of technological and sanitary welfare, as well as engineering communications, utilities and services from the housing stock growth, increase in level of city noise. Apart from the ever-increasing pollution levels of air, water and soil, an increased sociability aspect common for the urban community takes place. On the one hand, this characteristic brings positive influence and facilitates into the formation of a more balanced and stable nervous system of a younger generation, an improved mental fitness and the support of a professional and constructive tone. On the other hand, however, when processing an increased amount of information, a nervous system of a person is not able to recreate the previous operating state, when the level of adaptability was higher. This causes for a new dynamic stereotype to be formed, which in certain cases can lead to a disruption that can be found in neurosis and neurotic states. Despite the constantly accelerating pace of life, observed among urban residents, however paradoxical, a presence of hypodynamy can be distinguished, which influences the formation of cardiovascular disease.
The purpose of this publication is to develop a mathematical model of a new hybrid technology in the form of a modular autonomous house “Urbanrelax”, which serves for the removal of an emotional overload and stress of urban residents. The aim, therefore, is to develop a system that would be supplied solely by renewable energy sources. Design of engineering communication and supply systems (including lighting, ventilation, light and music background, etc.) will be taken into account. As an outcome, a model of a complex system is planned based on the synergy of various science sectors such as energy, medicine, music, economy, etc., as well as smart grid technologies.
The Study of Urban Energy Balance and Water Balance in Bashundhara Residential Area, Dhaka
Authors: Rana Golam Morsalin Choudhury 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dhaka is a densely populated megacity. Many parts of this city are overcrowded. The city is now expanding on all sides, but on the eastern front, there are some major developments by public and private organizations. Bashundhara residential area is one of them which is being developed by the Bashundhara group on eastern the side of Dhaka city since the 1980s. There are some urban microclimatic challenges in this area, such as poor water drainage system, waterlogging, natural canals are blocked by the new development, no parks, playfield within the studied area, set back rule violation by landowners, little vegetation contributed to an imbalance in Energy and Water cycle. This study focused on the study of the current situation and possible development through altering and adding surface pavement, vegetation, and trees, reducing building footprint, enlarging water surface by remote sensing technology using qGIS software. Though there are some limitations of this study, the results show strong scope for the development of the existing microclimatic situation in Bashundhara residential area as well as knowledge from this exercise can be applied to other parts of Dhaka.
Possible Consequences of Global Climate Change in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Konovalov Alexey , Baturova Galina , Gavrilenko Tatyana , Grigorenko Olga 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
On December 25, 2019, by an order of the Government of the Russian Federation, the National Plan of Measures for the first stage of adaptation to the climate change for the period until 2022 was approved. This plan pays considerable attention to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. In 2020-2021, it is planned to develop and approve a separate sectoral plan for adaptation to the climate change in the macroregion. In general, among the key problems of the socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, the unpreparedness of all types of infrastructure for the possible consequences of the global climate change is particularly notable. Climate change occurring in the macroregion is superimposed by additional anthropogenic factors, including chemical pollution, excess catch of aquatic biological resources, changes in land use, population growth, and changes in the structure of the economy. The problem of the impact of climate processes on socio-economic development is fundamental and has its positive or negative manifestations in all spheres of life. The negative manifestations of the climate change primarily include consequences for ecosystems, the environment, infrastructure, especially coastal areas, public health and traditional local lifestyles. The positive effects of climate change include reducing heating costs, expanding opportunities for agriculture and forestry, developing shipping along routes in the Northern Sea, as well as expanding access and increasing the extraction of mineral and marine biological resources.
City Information Modeling – an expedient tool for developing sustainable, responsive and resilient cities?
Authors: Schaufler C , Schwimmer E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
When initiating a property development project, an extensive amount of information has to be collected and evaluated to derive a development concept that can meet the needs, requirements and demands prevailing in the given urban context. This data is commonly gathered via desktop research and is usually not comprehensive enough to depict the whole picture. The same is true for information on development restrictions, design principles to encourage sustainable behavior of city dwellers, and information on the surrounding built environment to foster local synergies. On the building level, Building Information Modeling (BIM) has proven to be a useful tool to overcome these problems of incomplete and disjointed information and requirements. In recent years, an effort has been made to apply the principles of BIM to the city level and establish City Information Modeling (CIM) as a crucial analysis and planning tool for the sustainable cities of tomorrow. The research questions are thus: Which data sets should be included for CIM to become an expedient tool for urban development? What requirements must CIM meet? And what added value can CIM offer to all involved parties? First results indicate that CIM can contribute to the development of responsive and resilient cities, covering numerous sustainability goals.
Regional Energy Demand Analysis Portal (REDAP) Digitalisation: enabling better government decision-making in the building & transport sectors
Authors: Conway N , Hainoun Ali 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Worldwide, there is an increasing awareness and sense of urgency about the need to transition towards efficient, sustainable and low-carbon energy systems. This process, however, involves the complex task of performing integrated energy-demand analysis which helps to formulate the necessary clean and optimised energy supply strategies. For this reason, today’s governments are supporting collaborative research initiatives that will enable better-informed government decision-making on the rollout of smart energy systems. This ERA-Net-backed Regional Energy Demand Analysis Portal (REDAP) project [1] is one such initiative. REDAP aspires to become a globally-recognised digital methodology for estimating regional energy demand within the built environment. Informed by the recommendations of the UN’s Initiative on Global Geospatial Information Management (UN-GGIM), the REDAP consortium will improve, automate, standardise and replicate an existing and proven building sector energy demand analysis technique and incorporate into it a new methodology for analysing transport energy demand. The resulting ‘spatio-temporal’ model will provide governments with regional-specific insights into the integrated and ever-changing socio-economic and technological drivers behind this demand. By enabling governments to monitor and report on regional energy performance, REDAP is expected to address the targets of multiple Sustainable Development Goals, including: 7. Affordable and Clean Energy, 11. Sustainable Cities and Communities, and 12. Responsible Consumption and Production.
Embodied GHG emissions of buildings – Critical reflection of benchmark comparison and in-depth analysis of drivers
Authors: Röck Martin , Balouktsi Maria , Mendes Saade Marcella Ruschi , Rasmussen Freja Nygaard , Hoxha Endrit , Birgisdottir Harpa , Frischknecht Rolf , Habert Guillaume , Passer Alexander , Lützkendorf Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the face of the unfolding climate crisis, the role and importance of reducing Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the building sector is increasing. This study investigates the global trends of GHG emissions occurring across the life cycle of buildings by systematically compiling life cycle assessment (LCA) studies and analysing more than 650 building cases. Based on the data extracted from these LCA studies, the influence of features related to LCA methodology and building design is analysed. Results show that embodied GHG emissions, which mainly arise from manufacturing and processing of building materials, are dominating life cycle emissions of new, advanced buildings. Analysis of GHG emissions at the time of occurrence, shows the upfront ‘carbon spike’ and emphasises the need to address and reduce the GHG ‘investment’ for new buildings. Comparing the results with existing life cycle-related benchmarks, we find only a small number of cases meeting the benchmark. Critically reflecting on the benchmark comparison, an in-depth analysis reveals different reasons for cases achieving the benchmark. While one would expect that different building design strategies and material choices lead to high or low embodied GHG emissions, the results mainly correlate with decisions related to LCA methodology, i.e. the scope of the assessments. The results emphasize the strong need for transparency in the reporting of LCA studies as well as need for consistency when applying environmental benchmarks. Furthermore, the paper opens up the discussion on the potential of utilizing big data and machine learning for analysis and prediction of environmental performance of buildings.
Infrastructure development compromises creation of low-carbon cities
Authors: Heinonen Jukka 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Of the UN SDGs, the role of infrastructure in enabling or compromising the development of future low-carbon settlements falls under the goal #11 “Sustainable cities and communities”. However, when it comes to the specific content of the SDG #11, only the subgoals 11.6 and 11.B-C loosely include these development-phase emissions. If it was shown that infrastructure development compromises creation of low-carbon cities, it would also mean that the SDG #11 might fail to guide the development to sustainable cities and communities. In this study the role of infrastructure and capital development emissions are analyzed from different perspectives by synthesizing the suggested emissions levels from previous studies. Iceland is looked at separately as a case country and the capital Reykjavik as a case city. Previous studies on Iceland are utilized to discuss the infrastructure and capital development related emissions and to compare them to the overall carbon footprints suggested for these locations and their residents. The results suggest that climate-sustainable built environment cannot be built with the currently dominant materials of concrete, steel and asphalt. The issue should quickly receive more attention before we run out of the remaining carbon quota.
Monitoring and environmental features of development of Yahsu gold deposit (Yakhsu depression, Tajikistan)
Authors: Odinaev Sh A , Malakhov F A , Yatimov U A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
On the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan, almost the entire spectrum of dangerous geological and natural-climatic phenomena is observed, and the solution of the issues of risk reduction from them is of paramount importance. The paper describes the geo-ecological problems associated with the change in landscape and geological environment in the area of gold deposits Yakhsu. It offers a rational development mechanism described conservation measures necessary to restore the landscape of the area and offers the potential use of terrikons-waste mining activities. The amplitude of the erosion cut varies widely - from the first meters in the accumulation zones to hundreds of meters in the upper valleys.
Batch Adsorption Studies on Treatment of Textile Industry Effluent using Bamboo and Green Coconut shell Activated Carbon
Authors: Bokil Shantini A. , Topare Niraj S. , Khedkar Satish V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The use of activated carbon (AC) as a strong adsorbent was commonly used. This work deals with the study of textile industry wastewater (dye) adsorption on AC produced from Bamboo and Green coconut shell through chemical activation method. The effect of various process parameters such as the amount of adsorbents, initial concentration of dye, pH, contact time, temperature and agitation speed on percentage removal of dye on the activated carbon i.e. Bamboo activated carbon (BAC) and Green Coconut Shell Activated carbon (GCSAC) batch adsorption tests were investigated. Testing was performed for quantitative description of Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium adsorption isotherms. Based on the experimental findings, the equilibrium was observed in 6 hours. Langmuir isotherm was the best suited for the adsorption of dye, with a maximal adsorption capacity of 142.86 mg / gm. The removal of dye by the use of BAC has been found to be greater than GCSAC.
Comparison of bond strength analysis on the interfacial layer of old and new concrete using latex, epoxy and glycoluril
Authors: Pothinathan SKM. , Muthukannan M. , Selvapalam Narayanan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Though other methods were updated for repairing a concrete structure, improving the bond strength of the interfacial layer with effective additives is still the remarkably outstanding technique since it highly improves the structure without any compromise with the quality and strength parameters. The primary reason for the investigation is to compare the market available materials like epoxy and latex with polymer based binding material named glycoluril by slant shear test in both compression and tension. In this comparative study, epoxy bonding depicts higher bond strength in compression than the latex bonding, whereas 3% of glycoluril bonding in the interfacial layer provided for 1cm thick in the interfacial layer were noted to improve the tensile bond strength between the old and new concrete layers which turns to be effective in the repair works of bottom of the slab/beam where tension is more.
Land use Land cover studies and its effects on Valuation using GIS Techniques in Madurai Town Planning Area, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Balaji L , Muthukannan M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Land use land cover mapping practices over period in Madurai district varies due to increase of urban and rural migration. Valuation of land in urban areas is very important tool towards economic impact on human communities. Madurai is a temple city located on Vagai river bank which attract most tourists and also increase the urban areas due to various factors such as rural migration, Population increase. With the evidence from Government Land Register (GLR) and Present Market Rate (PMR )Values the Population is directly proportional to the value of land. Population increase last 12 years and built-up areas also increased. This paper studies the urban sprawl using land use land cover changes over the period of 2007 to 2019 between GLR and PMR values as per real estate practices in India. Using GIS techniques the analysis of urban sprawl of the city as well GLR, PMR values relationship by interpolation method to assess the land valuation practices which followed by Government of India.
Segmentation of cervix using minimum spanning superpixel tree detector
Authors: Sheela Shiney TS , Albert Jerome S , Rose Jemila 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cervical cancer occurs in cervix region of women which is life threatening and is a key research in the field of medical diagnosis. Cervical cancer can be prevented if precancerous changes is diagnosed earlier and cured properly. But finding cancer at the earlier stage is a tedious process. Cervical cancer screening is crucial since utmost of the screening procedures are invasive in nature. The objective is to automatically extract the area where in the cervical cancer starts to occur. In order to diagnose cervical cancer and distinguish the malignant and benign tissues, a cytology image obtained by cervicographic or colposcopy device is used. A robust segmentation algorithm is proposed that uses superpixel for the image segmentation method. This method is regularized by the combination of structural properties such as color, texture, and spatial data present in the superpixel graph.
Synthesis of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil and Emission Characteristics of Its blends
Authors: Topare Niraj S. , Patil Kiran D. , Khedkar Satish V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In converting different vegetable oils for the respective esters, at a minimum reaction temperature and faster rate of the fatty acids, the catalyst plays a very important role which can be changed into fatty acid esters (FAME), also known as biodiesel by transesterification reaction with methanol. Homogenous and heterogeneous catalysts have been identified as catalysts and among these catalysts. Homogeneous catalysts were chosen because it was possible to generate more biodiesel at a comparatively faster rate. As a feedstock, soybean waste cooking oil (SWCO) was used in this research work. With the help of a conventional mechanical stirrer reactor, SWCO with methanol was heated at various temperatures. As a catalyst, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) is used. It evaluated the effect of various parameters such as reaction temperature (60°C, 70°C, and 80°C), the reaction time of 2 hours, and loading of the catalyst (0.5 wt. %, 0.7 wt. %, and 1 wt. % KOH and NaOH). Results show that biodiesel produced from soybean waste cooking oil was within the recommended standards of biodiesel fuel. The transesterification reaction using KOH catalyst was more effective than the NaOH catalyst. The yield and conversion of biodiesel produced from SWCO by using 0.5 wt. % KOH catalysts at 60°C are 93.2 % and 96.16 % respectively while; the yield and conversion of biodiesel produced from SWCO by using 0.5 wt. % NaOH catalysts at 60°C are 91.35 % and 94.5 % respectively. Blends of 10, 20, 30, 50 and 100% by volume of biodiesel derived from soybean waste cooking oil and diesel fuel were prepared as B10, B20, B30, B50 and B100. Biodiesel blends have ASTM standards that are similar to diesel fuel, and the ORSAT apparatus has used to exhaust gas.
Production, structural and corrosion protection study of electroactive polyamide/alumina nanocomposites
Authors: Chavhan Jitendra , Rathod Ramesh , Malav Jeetendra Kumar , Umare Suresh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Electroactive polyamide/alumina nanocomposite of various compositions has been been synthesized by in situ oxidative coupling polymerization followed by thermal imidization. X-ray diffraction confirmed pattern of all nanocomposite shows peak corresponding to both alpha-alumina and polyamide. Fourier Transform Infrared and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were indicated the presence of amide group and alumina nanoparticles in the nanocomposites respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscope and Transmission electron microscopy showed continuous phase of EPA with Al2O3 particles of 8–18 nm size in the composite. The average roughness values amongst the nanocomposite coating indicated no significant variation. The water contact angle of pure electroactive polyamide and nanocomposite coating showed hydrophilic and hydrophobic property respectively and the slightly hydrophobic nanocomposite coatings posses a superior corrosion resistance than the electroactive polyamide coated and bare 201 stainless steel.