bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language Development From Early Childhood to Adolescence in Youths With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Brady Nancy C. , Fleming Kandace , Bredin-Oja Shelley L. , Fielding-Gebhardt Heather , Warren Steven F. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate language growth in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) from early childhood to adolescence and the influence of maternal responsivity on language growth.

Method
We conducted a longitudinal analysis of language development in 55 youths (44 males, 11 females) with FXS. Data collection spanned the ages of 11–216 months. We measured expressive and receptive vocabulary with standardized tests. The number of different words and mean length of utterance were obtained from language sample analyses of mother–child interactions. We also measured maternal comments (responsivity indicator) produced during the language samples and child nonverbal IQ.

Results
Growth models indicated that rates of number of different words and receptive vocabulary were related to maternal commenting. Mean length of utterance did not change significantly over time. Expressive vocabulary measured with a standardized test grew, but the growth was not related to maternal commenting. Nonverbal IQ was related to all language outcomes at age of 10 years and to changes over time in vocabulary. Visual analysis indicated that the highest scores on standardized tests were produced by girls; however, measures derived from language sample analyses appeared similar for boys and girls. Language models for boys only were similar to the total sample models with lower scores at age of 10 years for some outcomes.

Conclusion
Results of persistent language impairments for most youths with FXS suggest the need for continued, focused interventions aimed at improved language productions in addition to a responsive environment.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13022825
Comparison of Dual- and Single-Source Dual-Energy CT for Diagnosis of Acute Pulmonary Artery Embolism
Authors: Petritsch Bernhard , Pannenbecker Pauline , Weng Andreas Max , Veldhoen Simon , Grunz Jan-Peter , Bley Thorsten Alexander , Kosmala Aleksander 
Published: October 2020

Purpose Comparison of dual-source dual-energy CT (DS-DECT) and split-filter dual-energy CT (SF-DECT) regarding image quality and radiation dose in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed pulmonary dual-energy CT angiography (CTPA) scans performed on two different CT scanners in 135 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). Scan parameters for DS-DECT were 90/Sn150 kV (n = 68 patients), and Au/Sn120 kV for SF-DECT (n = 67 patients). The iodine delivery rate was 1400 mg/s in the DS-DECT group vs. 1750 mg/s in the SF-DECT group. Color-coded iodine distribution maps were generated for both protocols. Objective (CT attenuation of pulmonary trunk [HU], signal-to-noise ratio [SNR], contrast-to-noise ratio [CNR]) and subjective image quality parameters (two readers [R], five-point Likert scale), as well as radiation dose parameters (effective radiation dose, size-specific dose estimations [SSDE]) were compared.
Results All CTPA scans in both groups were of diagnostic image quality. Subjective CTPA image quality was rated as good or excellent in 80.9 %/82.4 % (R1 / R2) of DS-DECT scans, and in 77.6 %/76.1 % of SF-DECT scans. For both readers, the image quality of split-filter iodine distribution maps was significantly lower (p < 0.05) with good or excellent ratings in only 43.3 %/46.3 % (R1 / R2) vs. 83.8 %/88.2 % for maps from DS-DECT. The HU values of the pulmonary trunk did not differ between the two techniques (p = n. s.), while both the SNR and CNR were significantly higher in the split-filter group (p < 0.001; p = 0.003). Both effective radiation dose (2.70 ± 1.32 mSv vs. 2.89 ± 0.94 mSv) and SSDE (4.71 ± 1.63 mGy vs. 5.84 ± 1.11 mGy) were significantly higher in the split-filter group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion The split-filter allows for dual-energy imaging of suspected pulmonary embolism but is associated with lower iodine distribution map quality and higher radiation dose.
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3T MRI of Peripheral Vascular Malformations: Characteristics and Comparison of Two Fat-Saturated sequences: Short Tau Inversion Recovery Versus Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Volume Interpolated Gradient Recalled Echo
Authors: Höhn Florentine , Hammer Simone , Fellner Claudia , Zeman Florian , Uller Wibke , Brill Richard , Guntau Moritz , Wildgruber Moritz , Wohlgemuth Walter A. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose To assess morphological and hemodynamic characteristics of peripheral vascular malformations on 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including qualitative comparison of two fat-saturated sequences: short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and three-dimensional high-resolution volume interpolated gradient recalled echo (GRE).
Materials and Methods During 9 months, 100 patients with suspected or known vascular malformations were prospectively assessed on a 3 T scanner using T2-weighted STIR and turbo spin echo (TSE), T1-weighted TSE, time-resolved contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with interleaved stochastic trajectories (TWIST) and T1-weighted volume interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) after contrast enhancement. The analysis included signal behavior and morphologic and hemodynamic characteristics. Additionally, the image quality of the fat-saturated sequences was evaluated by 2 radiologists.
Results 86 patients (14 dropouts; 57 female, 29 male; mean age 26.8 years, age range 1–56) were analyzed. 22 had high-flow and 64 low-flow malformations, including 14 with a lymphatic component. In 21 of 22 patients with high-flow malformations, typical characteristics (flow voids, hyperdynamic arteriovenous fistula, dilated main/feeder-arteries and draining veins) were documented. Patients with low-flow malformations had phleboliths in 35 cases, fluid-fluid levels in 47 and dilated draining veins in 23. Lymphatic malformations showed peripheral contrast enhancement of cyst walls in the volume interpolated GRE. The comparison of fat-saturated sequences showed significantly better results of the volume interpolated GRE in all categories except the presence of artifacts which were significantly reduced in the STIR (p < 0.05).
Conclusion 3 T MRI with MRA provides detailed morphological and hemodynamic information of different types of peripheral vascular malformations. Contrast-enhanced high-resolution volume interpolated GRE proved superior to STIR in differentiating morphologic features and to be diagnostic in the differentiation of lymphatic parts and joint involvement.
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Endoscopic ischemic polypectomy for small-bowel polyps in patients with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome
Authors: Khurelbaatar Tsevelnorov , Sakamoto Hirotsugu , Yano Tomonori , Sagara Yuichi , Dashnyam Ulzii , Shinozaki Satoshi , Sunada Keijiro , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Yamamoto Hironori 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background To decrease the risk of bleeding or perforation, ischemic polypectomy is performed using a detachable snare or endoclip with double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) for small-bowel polyps in patients with Peutz – Jeghers syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness and feasibility of ischemic polypectomy.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent two or more sessions of ischemic polypectomy using DBE from July 2004 to August 2017.
Results 67 therapeutic DBEs were performed in nine patients during the study period and 352 polyps were treated. The median observation period was 34 months (range 12 – 66). There was a declining trend over time in the median number of polyps > 15 mm treated per patient first DBE session 6, second 2, third 1.5, fourth 0.5, fifth 0.5; P = 0.11, Friedman test). No patient required laparotomy due to intussusception during the study period. One patient developed mild acute pancreatitis after the procedure.
Conclusions Ischemic polypectomy was feasible for the control of small-bowel polyps in patients with Peutz – Jeghers syndrome.
Predictive Factors and Strategies to Prevent the Development of Type 2 Endoleaks following Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Voutsinas Nicholas , Kim Edward , Lookstein Robert A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractType 2 endoleaks are a potential complication of endovascular aortic repair for abdominal aortic aneurysms. They are caused by vessels that have been excluded from the aorta lumen, but may still fill the aneurysm sac due to collateral filling. Type 2 endoleaks may lead to increased morbidity and need for additional procedures. Being able to identify patients at risk for Type 2 endoleaks and prevent them is important for any physician who is performing endovascular aortic repair.
Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Fairman Alexander S. , Wang Grace J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince its inception in the 1990s, endovascular aortic repair has quickly replaced traditional open aortic repair (OAR) as the most common method for elective treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). After numerous iterations and failures of different endografts, the technology has undergone dramatic improvements with evidence pointing to this technology serving as a safe and durable modality, albeit with the requirement of routine surveillance. Not surprisingly, the ability to treat patients with AAAs with minimally invasive technology that could theoretically mitigate some of the risks associated with OAR, such as aortic cross clamping and significant blood loss, was also adopted in patients with ruptured AAAs and is now the preferred treatment method if anatomically feasible.
Evaluating the Effect of Leg Position and Negative Pressure Wound Therapy on Lower Extremity Oxygenation Measured by Noninvasive Tissue Oximetry: A Pilot Study
Authors: Verret Claire Isabelle , Pollie Meridith , Kerluku Jona , Dhulipala Sravan , Fufa Duretti 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Flap loss is a catastrophic complication following lower extremity reconstructions. Close monitoring can detect circulatory changes, particularly when introducing gravity through dangle protocols. Noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) tissue oximetry is one such method used for continuous monitoring of tissue perfusion. Recently, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been for compromised flaps salvage. We used NIRS to study the impact of leg positioning and NPWT on lower extremity perfusion during a mock dangle protocol.
Methods A tissue oximeter transcutaneous probe was placed on each lower limb of five normal patients at the location of the highest density of peroneal artery perforators along the distal one-third fibula. The experimental leg probe was covered with NPWT at 100 mm Hg. The contralateral leg served as control. Tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) was measured continuously for 140 minutes. Leg position was changed in every 20 minutes to mimic a dangle protocol.
Results Our results showed higher StO2 with leg elevation, and lower StO2 in dependent positions in the control limb. StO2 was consistently higher in the limb with NPWT, which had a slower rate of deoxygenation with introduction of gravity. In both conditions, on returning to neutral position from the dependent, StO2 returned to levels close to baseline.
Conclusion These data provide further information on hemodynamic changes introduced by gravity, and how NPWT might modulate these changes.
Writing and identity
Authors: Coulmas Florian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This essay explores the relationship between writing and an emblematic notion of our age, identity. It describes the symbolic functions of writing for three planes on which it is instrumentalized as a marker of identity, religion, nation and language. The discussion revolves around scriptures as a means of codifying religion, the practical and symbolic functions of writing for modern nation states, and the question of how writing affects linguistic systems, with regard to individual speakers, communities of speakers, and languages themselves. It thus appraises writing as a culture technique without which god, nation, and self wouldn’t be what nowadays we think they are.
Literacies in contact when writing Wolof – orthographic repertoires in digital communication
Authors: Lexander Kristin Vold 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the resources writers activate when they spell Wolof, a West African language they usually use more in spoken than in written communication. I apply the notion of orthographic repertoire to examine three young women’s spelling of Wolof as socially embedded practices. The analysis covers three different sets of interactional data: (1) texting by Senegalese university students, (2) discussion forum posts, and (3) transnational digital family interaction. The spelling practices are examined with reference to the colonial history of spelling in Senegal, other contemporary informal literacies in West Africa, and the sociolinguistic context of the writers. The paper shows that the different spelling resources related to the multilingual and mediated nature of their writing are drawn upon as the three young women engage in digital literacy practices including Wolof.
The multilingual practices of Laurence Sterne
Authors: Nurmi Arja 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article discusses the multilingual practices identified in the public and private writings of Laurence Sterne, novelist and clergyman. The data used consists of Sterne’s two novels as well as a selection of his personal correspondence. Sterne uses a wide variety of languages in his texts, although the most common ones are French and Latin, the languages he seems to have been most fluent in. Sterne engages in some practices associated with translanguaging, particularly in terms of playful language use and mediation of foreign-language passages, but it is impossible to pinpoint any specific characteristics of translanguaging for certain. On the whole, it would seem that the analysis of Sterne’s multilingual practices does not benefit from the translanguaging point-of-view.
Foreign schriftdenken in ausbau languages
Authors: Weth Constanze , Bunčić Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe concept ofschriftdenkendescribes how the knowledge of a writing system in use guides the creation of a writing system for a yet to be standardized language. Trubetz­koy described this effect with reference to the invention of the Glagolitic alphabet in the 9th century with Greek as the reference writing system. This paper demonstrates schriftdenken and measures to increase orthographic differences in two writing systems with a relatively young history: Luxembourgish (a Germanic language) and Rusyn (a Slavic language). In the Luxembourgish context, schriftdenken and orthographic separation are revealed by the historical context, whereas in the Rusyn context, both practices are related to different geographic contact situations in the countries where Rusyn is spoken and written. The reference languages for Luxembourgish are German, French and Dutch; for Rusyn, they are Russian, Ukrainian, Church Slavonic, Polish and Slovak.
On the Contribution of low-mach, high-beta Shocks to the Cosmic Ray Spectrum
Authors: Jan van Marle Allard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Astrophysical shocks accelerate particles through the Fermi acceleration process, which involves a charged particle repeatedly crossing the shock after being reflected by the local magnetic field and gaining momentum. Eventually, the particles reach relativistic speeds and can be observed as cosmic rays. This is a self self-sustaining interaction because the presence of non-thermal particles in the shock-region causes instabilities in the magnetic field, which in turn allow the magnetic field to reflect the particles. This process has been studied extensively in the case of high-Mach, low-β shocks, such as those that are found in stellar wind collisions and supernovae. However, there are astrophysical shocks, such as those that occur in colliding galaxy clusters, that are characterized by a low sonic Mach number, combined with a high plasma-beta. So far, these shocks have been largely neglected, and little is known about their ability to accelerate particles. Using a combined PIC-MHD code, we have performed a series of numerical simulations of low-Mach, high-beta shocks, to investigate the interaction between the particles and the magnetic field under such conditions. We find that even low-Mach shocks are capable of accelerating charged particles. However, due to the behaviour of the magnetic field, the process tends to be relatively inefficient, reducing the effective contribution to the cosmic ray spectrum. Furthermore, the interaction tends to radically change the nature of the shock itself, which indicates that further study is required to quantify the shocks’ long-term behaviour.
Desalination and sustainability: a triple bottom line study of Australia
Authors: Heihsel Michael , Lenzen Manfred , Behrendt Frank 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For many arid countries, desalination is considered as the final possible option to ensure water availability. Although seawater desalination offers the utilisation of almost infinite water resources, the technology is associated with high costs, high energy consumption and thus high carbon emissions when using electricity from fossil sources. In our study, we compare different electricity mixes for seawater desalination in terms of some economic, social and environmental attributes. For this purpose, we developed a comprehensive multi-regional input-output model that we apply in a hybrid life-cycle assessment spanning a period of 29 yr. In our case study, we model desalination plants destined to close the water gap in the Murray-Darling basin, Australia’s major agricultural area. We find that under a 100%-renewable electricity system, desalination consumes 20% less water, emits 90% less greenhouse gases, and generates 14% more employment. However, the positive impacts go hand in hand with 17% higher land use, and a 10% decrease in gross value added, excluding external effects.
Financial Analysis of Annual Plant-Cocoa Intercropping Farming at Kolaka Regency
Authors: Budiman Kabul , Illa Prihantini Campina , Hasbiadi  , Masitah  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Annual plant-cocoa intercropping farm with cocoa+coconut+patchouli (KKN), cocoa+coconut+anacardium (KKJ), cocoa+coconut+banana (KKP) pattern could minimize a risk of crop failure because intercropping plants resulted in more than one product, hence if one of commodity failed then it was expected profit from others commodity. Farmer want to minimize use of productive input and maximizes output in order to get sustainable production. Objective of the research was to know financial feasibility of annual plant-cocoa intercropping farming in various patterns. Location of the study was Kolaka Regency, with 270 respondents of 9 villages representing 3 districts. This study used random sampling method. This research used financial analysis of farming, such as benefit cost ratio (BCR), net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR) analysis. The analysis indicated that KKN farming pattern was feasible. KKN pattern had high feasibility to use because had B/C, NPV, IRR, and payback period ratio more feasible that other patterns and the financial analysis of cocoa intercropping farming was more feasible than cocoa monoculture farming.
Economic valuation of Bhumi Merapi Agrotourism in Sleman Regency
Authors: Handoyo Mulyo Jangkung , Muna Nilnal , Perwitasari Hani , Rohmah Fatkhiyah 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Agrotourism is the development of tourism that utilizes the natural environment and agricultural activities. This research aims were to identify the characteristics of visitors, to identify the factors that influence the number of visits, and to estimate the economic value of Bhumi Merapi agrotourism. This research was conducted with questionnaires survey to 75 visitors through accidental sampling method. The descriptive-analytical method was used to know the characteristics of visitors, multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the factors that influence the number of visits, and the economic value was measured using zonal travel cost method. The results indicated that the characteristics of visitors to the Bumi Merapi agrotourism are most visitors aim for recreation in groups of less than or equal to 10 people, come from the Sleman district and plan to return visit. Income and visit experience had a positive influence; meanwhile, travel cost, distance, and the number of the family had a negative impact on the number of Bhumi Merapi visitors. The economic value of Bhumi Merapi agrotourism consists of total willingness to pay and the total value paid, respectively Rp. 61,022,254,800.00 / year and Rp. Rp12,164,238,100.00 / year.
Potential production and utilization of agricultural and food industry wastes as animal feed in Manokwari Regency
Authors: Widayati Trisiwi W. , Santoso Budi , Rahayu B. W. I. , Rahardjo Djoko , Hariadi Bambang Tj. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to know the potential of agricultural waste production and its benefits as animals feed in Manokwari. Data was collected from oil palm and rice areas, 2 traditional markets and 3 food industries in Manokwari Regency. The data collected consisted of data on the daily potential of each waste, the nutritional content of each waste and its benefits as a determinant component of the cost of pig and goat feeds. The results showed that the three most commonly found agricultural wastes were rice straw, oil palm frond, and rice bran with production of 104,876.71, 42,147.95, 11586.60 kg/day, respectively, while food industry waste, namely tofu pulp, fish waste and banana peel with production of 2400, 1000, 127.50 kg/day respectively. The crude protein content of agricultural waste varied from 2.2-15.8%, while food industry waste varied from 0.97 to 31.2%. The use of agricultural and the food industry wastes as a grower period pig feed provided the margin profit per kg of live weight was IDR 39,618.83, while the grower kacang goat was 4,127.53. Based on this study it was concluded that agricultural and food industry wastes were potentially economically as pigs and goats feeds in Manokwari.
Factors affecting sugarcane production in Probolinggo Regency, East Java Province
Authors: Masyhuri  , Rahayu Waluyati Lestari , Rohmah Fatkhiyah , Yoga Prasada Imade 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As one of the staple foods, sugar consumption increases every year. The need for sugar is growing very rapidly while an unbalanced increase in production has caused Indonesia to be an importer of raw sugar and refined sugar. This is caused by various factors, one of the main factors is the limited amount of sugarcane production which is the raw material for making sugar. Therefore, in order to increase sugar cane production, this research was conducted with the aim to find out the factors affecting sugarcane production in Probolinggo Regency, East Java. The type of data used is primary data. Data was obtained by interviewing 35 farmers in Probolinggo Regency. The sample location of the study was taken using the purposive sampling method, and farmer samples were taken using the simple random sampling method. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression methods with OLS (Ordinary Least Square) models. The results showed that the factors affecting sugarcane production in Probolinggo Regency were the variables of farmers’ land tenure, the use of organic fertilizers, seeds, and labour.