bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased mitochondrial respiration of adipocytes from metabolically unhealthy obese compared to healthy obese individuals
Authors: Böhm Anja , Keuper Michaela , Meile Tobias , Zdichavsky Marty , Fritsche Andreas , Häring Hans-Ulrich , de Angelis Martin Hrabě , Staiger Harald , Franko Andras 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAmong obese subjects, metabolically healthy (MHO) and unhealthy obese (MUHO) subjects exist, the latter being characterized by whole-body insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and subclinical inflammation. Insulin resistance and obesity are known to associate with alterations in mitochondrial density, morphology, and function. Therefore, we assessed mitochondrial function in human subcutaneous preadipocytes as well as in differentiated adipocytes derived from well-matched donors. Primary subcutaneous preadipocytes from 4 insulin-resistant (MUHO) versus 4 insulin-sensitive (MHO), non-diabetic, morbidly obese Caucasians (BMI > 40 kg/m2), matched for sex, age, BMI, and percentage of body fat, were differentiated in vitro to adipocytes. Real-time cellular respiration was measured using an XF24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer (Seahorse). Lipolysis was stimulated by forskolin (FSK) treatment. Mitochondrial respiration was fourfold higher in adipocytes versus preadipocytes (p = 1.6*10–9). In adipocytes, a negative correlation of mitochondrial respiration with donors’ insulin sensitivity was shown (p = 0.0008). Correspondingly, in adipocytes of MUHO subjects, an increased basal respiration (p = 0.002), higher proton leak (p = 0.04), elevated ATP production (p = 0.01), increased maximal respiration (p = 0.02), and higher spare respiratory capacity (p = 0.03) were found, compared to MHO. After stimulation with FSK, the differences in ATP production, maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity were blunted. The differences in mitochondrial respiration between MUHO/MHO were not due to altered mitochondrial content, fuel switch, or lipid metabolism. Thus, despite the insulin resistance of MUHO, we could clearly show an elevated mitochondrial respiration of MUHO adipocytes. We suggest that the higher mitochondrial respiration reflects a compensatory mechanism to cope with insulin resistance and its consequences. Preserving this state of compensation might be an attractive goal for preventing or delaying the transition from insulin resistance to overt diabetes.
Improved collateral flow and reduced damage after remote ischemic perconditioning during distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in aged rats
Authors: Ma Junqiang , Ma Yonglie , Shuaib Ashfaq , Winship Ian R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCirculation through cerebral collaterals can maintain tissue viability until reperfusion is achieved. However, collateral circulation is time limited, and failure of collaterals is accelerated in the aged. Remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerC), which involves inducing a series of repetitive, transient peripheral cycles of ischemia and reperfusion at a site remote to the brain during cerebral ischemia, may be neuroprotective and can prevent collateral failure in young adult rats. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of RIPerC to improve blood flow through collaterals in aged (16–18 months of age) Sprague Dawley rats during a distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Laser speckle contrast imaging and two-photon laser scanning microscopy were used to directly measure flow through collateral connections to ischemic tissue. Consistent with studies in young adult rats, RIPerC enhanced collateral flow by preventing the stroke-induced narrowing of pial arterioles during ischemia. This improved flow was associated with reduced early ischemic damage in RIPerC treated aged rats relative to controls. Thus, RIPerC is an easily administered, non-invasive neuroprotective strategy that can improve penumbral blood flow via collaterals. Enhanced collateral flow supports further investigation as an adjuvant therapy to recanalization therapy and a protective treatment to maintain tissue viability prior to reperfusion.
Sierra Nevada sweep: metagenomic measurements of bioaerosols vertically distributed across the troposphere
Authors: Jaing Crystal , Thissen James , Morrison Michael , Dillon Michael B. , Waters Samantha M. , Graham Garrett T. , Be Nicholas A. , Nicoll Patrick , Verma Sonali , Caro Tristan , Smith David J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo explore how airborne microbial patterns change with height above the Earth’s surface, we flew NASA’s C-20A aircraft on two consecutive days in June 2018 along identical flight paths over the US Sierra Nevada mountain range at four different altitudes ranging from 10,000 ft to 40,000 ft. Bioaerosols were analyzed by metagenomic DNA sequencing and traditional culturing methods to characterize the composition and diversity of atmospheric samples compared to experimental controls. The relative abundance of taxa changed significantly at each altitude sampled, and the diversity profile shifted across the two sampling days, revealing a regional atmospheric microbiome that is dynamically changing. The most proportionally abundant microbial genera wereMycobacteriumandAchromobacterat 10,000 ft;StenotrophomonasandAchromobacterat 20,000 ft;DelftiaandPseudoperonosporaat 30,000 ft; andAlcaligenesandPenicilliumat 40,000 ft. Culture-based detections also identified viableBacillus zhangzhouensis,Bacillus pumilus, andBacillusspp. in the upper troposphere. To estimate bioaerosol dispersal, we developed a human exposure likelihood model (7-day forecast) using general aerosol characteristics and measured meteorological conditions. By coupling metagenomics to a predictive atmospheric model, we aim to set the stage for field campaigns that monitor global bioaerosol emissions and impacts.
Diabetes mellitus is independently associated with adverse clinical outcome in soft tissue sarcoma patients
Authors: Stelzl Adrian , Aziz Faisal , Riedl Jakob M. , Posch Florian , Smolle Maria A. , Stojakovic Tatjana , Terbuch Angelika , Pichler Martin , Bergovec Marko , Leithner Andreas , Liegl-Atzwanger Bernadette , Stotz Michael , Gerger Armin , Sourij Harald , Szkandera Joanna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperglycemia are known predictors of adverse outcome in different tumor entities. The present study investigated the effect of DM and pre-surgery blood glucose levels on cancer specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) in non-metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients. A total of 475 STS patients who underwent curative resection were included in this retrospective study. CSS, DFS, and OS were assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves. The association between pre-existing DM as well as mean pre-surgery blood glucose levels and all 3 survival endpoints was analyzed using Cox-hazard proportional (for OS and DFS) and competing risk regression models (for CSS). In unadjusted analysis, DM was significantly associated with adverse CSS (sub-hazard ratio [SHR]: 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–3.90, p = 0.013) and OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.05, 95% CI 1.28–3.28) and remained significant after adjusting for established prognostic factors (CSS: adjusted SHR 2.33, 95% CI 1.21–4.49, p = 0.012; OS: adjusted HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.17–3.28, p = 0.010), respectively. There was no significant association of DM with DFS (p = 0.149). The mean pre-surgery glucose levels were not significantly associated with inferior outcome (CSS: p = 0.510, OS: p = 0.382 and DFS: p = 0.786). This study shows, that DM represents a negative prognostic factor for clinical outcome in STS patients after curative resection.
The role of nanoparticle structure and morphology in the dissolution kinetics and nutrient release of nitrate-doped calcium phosphate nanofertilizers
Authors: Carmona Francisco J. , Dal Sasso Gregorio , Bertolotti Federica , Ramírez-Rodríguez Gloria B. , Delgado-López José M. , Pedersen Jan Skov , Masciocchi Norberto , Guagliardi Antonietta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBio-inspired synthetic calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles (NPs), mimicking the mineral component of bone and teeth, are emergent materials for sustainable applications in agriculture. These sparingly soluble salts show self-inhibiting dissolution processes in undersaturated aqueous media, the control at the molecular and nanoscale levels of which is not fully elucidated. Understanding the mechanisms of particle dissolution is highly relevant to the efficient delivery of macronutrients to the plants and crucial for developing a valuable synthesis-by-design approach. It has also implications in bone (de)mineralization processes. Herein, we shed light on the role of size, morphology and crystallinity in the dissolution behaviour of CaP NPs and on their nitrate doping for potential use as (P,N)-nanofertilizers. Spherical fully amorphous NPs and apatite-amorphous nanoplatelets (NPLs) in a core-crown arrangement are studied by combining forefront Small-Angle and Wide-Angle X-ray Total Scattering (SAXS and WAXTS) analyses. Ca2+ ion release rates differ for spherical NPs and NPLs demonstrating that morphology plays an active role in directing the dissolution kinetics. Amorphous NPs manifest a rapid loss of nitrates governed by surface-chemistry. NPLs show much slower release, paralleling that of Ca2+ ions, that supports both detectable nitrate incorporation in the apatite structure and dissolution from the core basal faces.
Ex vivo magnetic particle imaging of vascular inflammation in abdominal aortic aneurysm in a murine model
Authors: Mangarova Dilyana B. , Brangsch Julia , Mohtashamdolatshahi Azadeh , Kosch Olaf , Paysen Hendrik , Wiekhorst Frank , Klopfleisch Robert , Buchholz Rebecca , Karst Uwe , Taupitz Matthias , Schnorr Jörg , Hamm Bernd , Makowski Marcus R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are currently one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. Inflammation is crucial in the disease progression, having a substantial impact on various determinants in AAAs development. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an innovative imaging modality, enabling the highly sensitive detection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), suitable as surrogate marker for molecular targeting of vascular inflammation. For this study, Apolipoprotein E-deficient-mice underwent surgical implantation of osmotic minipumps with constant Angiotensin II infusion. After 3 and 4 weeks respectively, in-vivo-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ex-vivo-MPI and ex-vivo-magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) were performed. The results were validated by histological analysis, immunohistology and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. MR-angiography enabled the visualization of aneurysmal development and dilatation in the experimental group. A close correlation (R = 0.87) with histological area assessment was measured. Ex-vivo-MPS revealed abundant iron deposits in AAA samples and ex-vivo histopathology measurements were in good agreement (R = 0.76). Ex-vivo-MPI and MPS results correlated greatly (R = 0.99). CD68-immunohistology stain and Perls’-Prussian-Blue-stain confirmed the colocalization of macrophages and MNPs. This study demonstrates the feasibility of ex-vivo-MPI for detecting inflammation in AAA. The quantitative ability for mapping MNPs establishes MPI as a promising tool for monitoring inflammatory progression in AAA in an experimental setting.
Elevational is the main factor controlling the soil microbial community structure in alpine tundra of the Changbai Mountain
Authors: Tang Mingze , Li Lin , Wang Xiaolong , You Jian , Li Jiangnan , Chen Xia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo reveal the self-coordination mechanism of the fragile ecosystem of alpine tundra, we explored the relationship between soil microorganisms and other elements. On the alpine tundra of the Changbai Mountain, different vegetation types, altitudes and soil properties were selected as driving factors of soil microbial community. Soil microbial community, C- and N-cycling functional microbial and fungal biomass were analyzed. Structural equation model was used to study the control of biotic and abiotic factors in rhizosphere soil microbial community. The results showed that the pH value of soil had the strongest direct impact on the diversity and community structure of soil microorganisms, and had significant correlation with most of the C- and N-cycling functional microbial; organic carbon and vegetation also have strongest direct effect on fungal biomass, but all of them were not main factors influence soil microbial community structure, the elevation was the main controlling factor. In addition, the elevation mainly through indirect action affects the soil microbial community by driving distribution of plant species, soil organic carbon and pH value. This finding highlighted that elevation was the main predictor to determine rhizosphere microbial community structure but not vegetation in alpine tundra of Changbai Mountain.
Loss of Rsph9 causes neonatal hydrocephalus with abnormal development of motile cilia in mice
Authors: Zou Wenzheng , Lv Yuqing , Liu Zux iang , Xia Pengyan , Li Hong , Jiao Jianwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHydrocephalus is a brain disorder triggered by cerebrospinal fluid accumulation in brain cavities. Even though cerebrospinal fluid flow is known to be driven by the orchestrated beating of the bundled motile cilia of ependymal cells, little is known about the mechanism of ciliary motility. RSPH9 is increasingly becoming recognized as a vital component of radial spokes in ciliary “9 + 2” ultrastructure organization. Here, we show that deletion of the Rsph9 gene leads to the development of hydrocephalus in the early postnatal period. However, the neurodevelopment and astrocyte development are normal in embryonic Rsph9−/− mice. The tubular structure of the central aqueduct was comparable in Rsph9−/− mice. Using high-speed video microscopy, we visualized lower beating amplitude and irregular rotation beating pattern of cilia bundles in Rsph9−/− mice compared with that of wild-type mice. And the centriolar patch size was significantly increased in Rsph9−/− cells. TEM results showed that deletion of Rsph9 causes little impact in ciliary axonemal organization but the Rsph9−/− cilia frequently had abnormal ectopic ciliary membrane inclusions. In addition, hydrocephalus in Rsph9−/− mice results in the development of astrogliosis, microgliosis and cerebrovascular abnormalities. Eventually, the ependymal cells sloughed off of the lateral wall. Our results collectively suggested that RSPH9 is essential for ciliary structure and motility of mouse ependymal cilia, and its deletion causes the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus.
Vaginal microbiome analysis of healthy women during different periods of gestation
Authors: Li Dan , Chi Xin-Zuo , Zhang Lei , Chen Rui , Cao Jing-rong , Sun Xiao-yan , Yang He-qin , Liao Qin-ping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To assess the vaginal microbiome throughout full-term uncomplicated pregnancy, a longitudinal study was designed for 12 healthy women who had prepared to become pregnant and then delivered at term (38–42 weeks) without complications. The vaginal microbial community was studied at pre-pregnancy, 8–12, 24–28, 37–38 weeks of gestation, and puerperium, using hypervariable tag sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Sequencing produced approximately 10 million reads on the Illumina MiSeq. Members of the Firmicutes phyla were prevailing before and during pregnancy periods, and the proportion was quite as Proteobacteria until puerperium. Lactobacillus genus was abundant before and during pregnancy, but post-delivery vaginal microflora variety turned diverse. The species-level analysis revealed that a healthy vaginal microbiome before or during pregnancy was prominently dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus. Furthermore, PCoA analysis revealed for differences in the bacterial community composition between the two levels of Lactobacillus species in pre-pregnancy and pregnancy period (PC1 contribution of 58.46%, PC3 contribution of 8.64%). Based on the taxonomic and PCoA analysis, we found that L. crispatus was dominant in the vaginal microflora of healthy women before or during pregnancy, but at the puerperium, the status changed leading to decreased abundance of protective Lactobacillus species that made vaginal micro-ecological barrier vulnerable to diseases. Additionally, vaginal pH was an important environmental property affecting the vaginal microbial community.
HMGB1 A box protects neurons by potently inhibiting both microglia and T cell-mediated inflammation in a mouse Parkinson’s disease model
Authors: Tian Yu , Cao Yuwen , Chen Rong , Jing Yufeng , Xia Lin , Zhang Shiqing , Xu Huaxi , Su Zhaoliang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the subacute Parkinson’s disease (PD) mice model of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), injection of HMGB1 competitive inhibitor protein HMGB1 A box and the ethyl pyruvate (EP) that inhibit the release of HMGB1 from cells restored the number of dopaminergic neurons and TH+ fibers in the SN and striatum. Our data show that A box up-regulated CD200-CD200R signal of microglia inhibited the activation of microglia mediated by HMGB1, and the production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in vivo and in vitro mixed culture system. Microglia overexpressing CD200R produced less inflammatory chemokines and reduced the loss of TH+ neurons. In addition, HMGB1 A box decreased the level of CCL5 and significantly inhibited the infiltration of almost all T cells including Th17 and the proportion of Th17 in CD4+ T cells. In vitro MPP+ induced model and HMGB1-stimulated mesencephalic cell system activated microglia induced the differentiation of naïve T cells to Th17, and A box significantly inhibited this process. To sum up, our results show that HMGB1 A box targeting HMGB1, which effectively reduces the activation of microglia in MPTP PD model by restoring CD200-CD200R signal inhibit microglia mediated neuroinflammation and the differentiation of T cells to Th17.
The Gaia-ESO Survey: Spectroscopic-asteroseismic analysis of K2 stars in Gaia-ESO
Authors: Worley C. C. , Jofré P. , Rendle B. , Miglio A. , Magrini L. , Feuillet D. , Gavel A. , Smiljanic R. , Lind K. , Korn A. , Gilmore G. , Randich S. , Hourihane A. , Gonneau A. , Francois P. , Lewis J. , Sacco G. , Bragaglia A. , Heiter U. , Feltzing S. , Bensby T. , Irwin M. , Gonzalez Solares E. , Murphy D. , Bayo A. , Sbordone L. , Zwitter T. , Lanzafame A. C. , Walton N. , Zaggia S. , Alfaro E. J. , Morbidelli L. , Sousa S. , Monaco L. , Carraro G. , Lardo C. 
Published: July 2020

Context. The extensive stellar spectroscopic datasets that are available for studies in Galactic Archeaology thanks to, for example, the Gaia-ESO Survey, now benefit from having a significant number of targets that overlap with asteroseismology projects such as Kepler, K2, and CoRoT. Combining the measurements from spectroscopy and asteroseismology allows us to attain greater accuracy with regard to the stellar parameters needed to characterise the stellar populations of the Milky Way.
Aims. The aim of this Gaia-ESO Survey special project is to produce a catalogue of self-consistent stellar parameters by combining measurements from high-resolution spectroscopy and precision asteroseismology.
Methods. We carried out an iterative analysis of 90 K2@Gaia-ESO red giants. The spectroscopic values of Teff were used as input in the seismic analysis to obtain log g values. The seismic estimates of log g were then used to re-determine the spectroscopic values of Teff and [Fe/H]. Only one iteration was required to obtain parameters that are in good agreement for both methods and, thus, to obtain the final stellar parameters. A detailed analysis of outliers was carried out to ensure a robust determination of the parameters. The results were then combined with Gaia DR2 data to compare the seismic log g with a parallax-based log g and to investigate instances of variations in the velocity and possible binaries within the dataset.
Results. This analysis produced a high-quality catalogue of stellar parameters for 90 red giant stars from K2@Gaia-ESO that were determined through iterations between spectroscopy and asteroseismology. We compared the seismic gravities with those based on Gaia parallaxes to find an offset which is similar to other studies that have used asteroseismology. Our catalogue also includes spectroscopic chemical abundances and radial velocities, as well as indicators for possible binary detections.
Rotational dependence of turbulent transport coefficients in global convective dynamo simulations of solar-like stars
Authors: Warnecke J. , Käpylä M. J. 
Published: July 2020

Context.For moderate and slow rotation, the magnetic activity of solar-like stars is observed to strongly depend on rotation, while for rapid rotation, only a very weak or no dependency is detected. These observations do not yet have a solid explanation in terms of dynamo theory.Aims.We aim to find such an explanation by numerically investigating the rotational dependency of dynamo drivers in solar-like stars, that is, stars that have a convective envelope of similar thickness to that of the Sun.Methods.We ran semi-global convection simulations of stars with rotation rates from 0 to 30 times the solar value, corresponding to Coriolis numbers, Co, of 0 to 110. We measured the turbulent transport coefficients contributing to the magnetic field evolution with the help of the test-field method, and compared with the dynamo effect arising from the differential rotation that is self-consistently generated in the models.Results.The trace of theαtensor increases for moderate rotation rates with Co0.5and levels off for rapid rotation. This behavior is in agreement with the kineticαbased on the kinetic helicity, if one takes into account the decrease of the convective scale with increasing rotation. Theαtensor becomes highly anisotropic for Co ≳ 1. Furthermore,αrrdominates for moderate rotation (1 <  Co <  10), andαϕϕfor rapid rotation (Co ≳ 10). The effective meridional flow, taking into account the turbulent pumping effects, is markedly different from the actual meridional circulation profile. Hence, the turbulent pumping effect is dominating the meridional transport of the magnetic field. Taking all dynamo effects into account, we find three distinct regimes. For slow rotation, theαand Rädler effects are dominating in the presence of anti-solar differential rotation. For moderate rotation,αand Ω effects are dominant, indicative ofαΩ orα2Ω dynamos in operation, producing equatorward-migrating dynamo waves with a qualitatively solar-like rotation profile. For rapid rotation, anα2mechanism with an influence from the Rädler effect appears to be the most probable driver of the dynamo.Conclusions.Our study reveals the presence of a large variety of dynamo effects beyond the classicalαΩ mechanism, which need to be investigated further to fully understand the dynamos of solar-like stars. The highly anisotropicαtensor might be the primary reason for the change of axisymmetric to non-axisymmetric dynamo solutions in the moderate rotation regime.