bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practice of Expert Critical Care Nurses in Situations of Prognostic Conflict at the End of Life
Authors: Robichaux Catherine McBride , Clark Angela P. 
Published: April 2020

• Background Prolonging the living-dying process with inappropriate treatment is a profoundly disturbing ethical issue for nurses in many practice areas, including the intensive care unit. Despite the frequent occurrence of such distressing events, research suggests that critical care nurses assume a limited role in end-of-life decision making and care planning.• Objectives To explore the practice of expert critical care nurses in end-of-life conflicts and to describe actions taken when the nurses thought continued aggressive medical interventions were not warranted.• Methods A qualitative design was used with narrative analysis of interview data that had a temporal ordering of events. Interviews were conducted with 21 critical care nurses from 7 facilities in the southwestern United States who were nominated as experts by their colleagues.• Results Three recurrent narrative plots were derived: protecting or speaking for the patient, presenting a realistic picture, and experiencing frustration and resignation. Narratives of protecting or speaking for the patient concerned preventing further technological intrusion and thus permitting a dignified death. Presenting a realistic picture involved helping patients’ family members reframe the members’ sense of the potential for recovery. Inability to affect a patient’s situation was expressed in narratives of frustration and resignation.• Conclusions The transition from curative to end-of-life care in the intensive care unit is often fraught with ambiguity and anguish. The expert nurses demonstrated the ability and willingness to actively protect and advocate for their vulnerable patients even in situations in which the nurses’ actions did not influence the outcomes.
The Characteristics of Korean Traditional Post-Fermented Tea (Chungtaejeon)
Authors: Moon Doo-Gyung 
Published: April 2020

The structure of the bacterial community involved in the production of oriental traditional post-fermented tea (Chungtaejeon) was investigated using 16S rRNA gene analysis. The main microorganisms in fermentation process of Chungtaejeon are identified as Pantoea sp. and Klebsiella oxytoca. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the taxonomic affiliation of the dominant species in the Chungtaejeon was γ-proteobacteria. The bacterial community size was higher about 100 times in Chungtaejeon compared with other Korean tea and puer-tea. Also, the fungal community size was higher about seven times in the Chungtaejeon than in the other post-fermented teas. However, the archaeal community size was highest about six times in the Chungtaejeon. Therefore, the bacteria, fungal and archaeal community sizes were highest for Chungtaejeon than in the seven post-fermented teas. As a result, the microbial communities of Chungtaejeon were the largest compared with other teas. The catechin content decreased from 12.10 to 3.80 mg/g, and epicatechin (EC) and gallic acid contents were increased to 28.50 and 8.02 mg/g, respectively, during manufacturing. The Pantoea sp. may perform an important role for manufacturing and fermentation to gallic acid from catechins of Chungtaejeon.
Anger in lineup identification and creation
Authors: Greenstein Michael , Franklin Nancy 
Published: April 2020

SummaryAs an approach‐oriented emotion, anger appears to affect behavioral thresholds in a range of contexts. The current work consists of three experiments examining this in the context of eyewitness identification procedures. Experiments 1 and 2 examined the relationship between a witness' anger and identification reliability, and Experiment 3 examined the relationship between a lineup creator's anger and the quality of selected lineup fillers. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that anger during an identification procedure is associated with increased risk of false identifications and reduced confidence‐accuracy calibration. Experiment 3 showed that anger is associated with lower quality of fillers selected by lineup creators. Together, these experiments suggest that anger may undermine the quality of eyewitness evidence, even when the witnesses themselves are not the ones experiencing anger and even when anger is not directed at the perpetrator or suspect.
A Bioinspired Wireless Epidermal Photoreceptor for Artificial Skin Vision
Authors: Zhang Yujia , Tao Tiger H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSkin vision can be found in many invertebrates, such as earthworms, jellyfish, and octopuses using light‐sensitive rod cells in the skin. It enables optical perception and colorimetric responses, providing intriguing capabilities that human skin does not have. A bioinspired wireless, battery‐free, artificial skin vision (ASV) device consisting of flexible optical and optoelectronic components which essentially mimic the hierarchical structures and biological functions of rod cells in a skin‐like configuration for light sensing and signal processing is developed. The ASV device can collect sweat with integrated microfluidic channels and allow real‐time measurement of on‐skin fluids by monitoring the intrinsic optical properties via a customizable microprism light filter. The device also shows sensitive colorimetric responses to input stimulus at chosen detection wavelengths and demonstrates a capacity for in situ quantitative analysis of biomarkers in sweat through alternative colorimetric light filters. Multiple ASVs together create a body area network with a collection of wireless sensors that can work in parallel to acquire multidimensional human physiological signals and predict fitness variations using a specified deep learning neural network. The system has potential applications in biomimetic engineering, physiological monitoring, and intelligent personalized diagnostics.
A Safe Polyzwitterionic Hydrogel Electrolyte for Long‐Life Quasi‐Solid State Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Leng Kaitong , Li Guojie , Guo Jingjing , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Aoxuan , Liu Xingjiang , Luo Jiayan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAqueous zinc metal batteries are safe, economic, and environmentally friendly. However, the dendrite growth and inevitable corrosion issues under aqueous condition greatly restrict the development of long cycling life zinc metal batteries. To achieve the long‐term reversible zinc deposition/dissolution, a polyzwitterionic hydrogel electrolyte (PZHE) is constructed with record high room temperature ionic conductivity of 32.0 mS cm−1 and Zn2+ transference number of 0.656. The abundant hydrophilic and charged groups in the zwitterionic polymer can well immobilize water molecules in the polymer skeleton and reduce side reactions. The charged groups of the zwitterionic polymer can also homogenize the ion distribution and achieve uniform zinc deposition. Long cycling life of over 3500 h is achieved for the symmetric batteries with PZHE. Full cells with VS2 and MnO2 cathodes are also demonstrated to exhibit excellent cycling stability. With combined advantages of physical and chemical crosslinking gels, the PZHE enabled flexible quasi‐solid state zinc metal batteries with excellent processability, self‐healing property and safety, can operate even under various extreme conditions such as cutting, soaking, hammering, washing, burning, and freezing. It is believed that the PZHE can provide a promising opportunity and pave the way for other long‐life aqueous batteries.
Frequency‐Agile Temporal Terahertz Metamaterials
Authors: Pitchappa Prakash , Kumar Abhishek , Liang Haidong , Prakash Saurav , Wang Nan , Bettiol Andrew A. , Venkatesan Thirumalai , Lee Chengkuo , Singh Ranjan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSpatiotemporal manipulation of electromagnetic waves has recently enabled a plethora of exotic optical functionalities, such as non‐reciprocity, dynamic wavefront control, unidirectional transmission, linear frequency conversion, and electromagnetic Doppler cloak. Here, an additional dimension is introduced for advanced manipulation of terahertz waves in the space‐time, and frequency domains through integration of spatially reconfigurable microelectromechanical systems and photoresponsive material into metamaterials. A large and continuous frequency agility is achieved through movable microcantilevers. The ultrafast resonance modulation occurs upon photoexcitation of ion‐irradiated silicon substrate that hosts the microcantilever metamaterial. The fabricated metamaterial switches in 400 ps and provides large spectral tunability of 250 GHz with 100% resonance modulation at each frequency. The integration of perfectly complementing technologies of microelectromechanical systems, femtosecond optical control and ion‐irradiated silicon provides unprecedented concurrent control over space, time, and frequency response of metamaterial for designing frequency‐agile spatiotemporal modulators, active beamforming, and low‐power frequency converters for the next generation terahertz wireless communications.
Direct α‐Arylation of Alcohols with Aryl Halides through a Radical Chain Mechanism
Authors: Aoki Kohei , Yonekura Kyohei , Ikeda Yuko , Ueno Ryota , Shirakawa Eiji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlcohols were found to be arylated directly at their α‐C−H bond with aryl halides in the presence of a base and a substoichiometric amount of t‐BuOOt‐Bu through a homolytic aromatic substitution mechanism.magnified image
Synthesis of Aliphatic Amides through a Photoredox Catalyzed Radical Carbonylation Involving Organosilicates as Alkyl Radical Precursors
Authors: Cartier Alex , Levernier Etienne , Dhimane Anne‐Lise , Fukuyama Takahide , Ollivier Cyril , Ryu Ilhyong , Fensterbank Louis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlkyl radicals, from primary to tertiary, formed by photocatalyzed oxidation of organosilicates, are involved efficiently in radical carbonylation with carbon monoxide (CO), in the presence of various amines and CCl4, leading to a variety of amides in moderate to good yields.magnified image
Toward the Sustainable Lithium Metal Batteries with a New Electrolyte Solvation Chemistry
Authors: Lee Seon Hwa , Hwang Jang‐Yeon , Ming Jun , Cao Zhen , Nguyen Hoang Anh , Jung Hun‐Gi , Kim Jaekook , Sun Yang‐Kook 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHerein, a new solvation strategy enabled by Mg(NO3)2 is introduced, which can be dissolved directly as Mg2+ and NO3− ions in the electrolyte to change the Li+ ion solvation structure and greatly increase interfacial stability in Li‐metal batteries (LMBs). This is the first report of introducing Mg(NO3)2 additives in an ester‐based electrolyte composed of ternary salts and binary ester solvents to stabilize LMBs. In particular, it is found that NO3− efficiently forms a stable solid electrolyte interphase through an electrochemical reduction reaction, along with the other multiple anion components in the electrolyte. The interaction between Li+ and NO3− and coordination between Mg2+ and the solvent molecules greatly decreases the number of solvent molecules surrounding the Li+, which leads to facile Li+ desolvation during plating. In addition, Mg2+ ions are reduced to Mg via a spontaneous chemical reaction on the Li metal surface and subsequently form a lithiophilic Li–Mg alloy, suppressing lithium dendritic growth. The unique solvation chemistry of Mg(NO3)2 enables long cycling stability and high efficiency of the Li‐metal anode and ensures an unprecedented lifespan for a practical pouch‐type LMB with high‐voltage Ni‐rich NCMA73 cathode even under constrained conditions.
A Chemically Soldered Polyoxometalate Single‐Molecule Transistor
Authors: Wu Chuanli , Qiao Xiaohang , Robertson Craig M. , Higgins Simon J. , Cai Chenxin , Nichols Richard J. , Vezzoli Andrea 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPolyoxometalates have been proposed in the literature as nanoelectronic components, where they could offer key advantages with their structural versatility and rich electrochemistry. Apart from a few studies on their ensemble behaviour (as monolayers or thin films), this potential remains largely unexplored. We synthesised a pyridyl‐capped Anderson–Evans polyoxometalate and used it to fabricate single‐molecule junctions, using the organic termini to chemically “solder” a single cluster to two nanoelectrodes. Operating the device in an electrochemical environment allowed us to probe charge transport through different oxidation states of the polyoxometalate, and we report here an efficient three‐state transistor behaviour. Conductance data fits a quantum tunnelling mechanism with different charge‐transport probabilities through different charge states. Our results show the promise of polyoxometalates in nanoelectronics and give an insight on their single‐entity electrochemical behaviour.
Electrolyte Solvation Manipulation Enables Unprecedented Room‐Temperature Calcium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Jie Yulin , Tan Yunshu , Li Linmei , Han Yehu , Xu Shutao , Zhao Zhenchao , Cao Ruiguo , Ren Xiaodi , Huang Fanyang , Lei Zhanwu , Tao Guohua , Zhang Genqiang , Jiao Shuhong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCalcium‐metal batteries (CMBs) provide a promising option for high‐energy and cost‐effective energy‐storage technology beyond the current state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries. Nevertheless, the development of room‐temperature CMBs is significantly impeded by the poor reversibility and short lifespan of the calcium‐metal anode. A solvation manipulation strategy is reported to improve the plating/stripping reversibility of calcium‐metal anodes by enhancing the desolvation kinetics of calcium ions in the electrolyte. The introduction of lithium salt changes the electrolyte structure considerably by reducing coordination number of calcium ions in the first solvation shell. As a result, an unprecedented Coulombic efficiency of up to 99.1 % is achieved for galvanostatic plating/stripping of the calcium‐metal anode, accompanied by a very stable long‐term cycling performance over 200 cycles at room temperature. This work may open up new opportunities for development of practical CMBs.
Long‐Lived Charge‐Transfer State Induced by Spin‐Orbit Charge Transfer Intersystem Crossing (SOCT‐ISC) in a Compact Spiro Electron Donor/Acceptor Dyad
Authors: Liu Dongyi , El‐Zohry Ahmed M. , Taddei Maria , Matt Clemens , Bussotti Laura , Wang Zhijia , Zhao Jianzhang , Mohammed Omar F. , Di Donato Mariangela , Weber Stefan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe prepared conceptually novel, fully rigid, spiro compact electron donor (Rhodamine B, lactam form, RB)/acceptor (naphthalimide; NI) orthogonal dyad to attain the long‐lived triplet charge‐transfer (3CT) state, based on the electron spin control using spin‐orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT‐ISC). Transient absorption (TA) spectra indicate the first charge separation (CS) takes place within 2.5 ps, subsequent SOCT‐ISC takes 8 ns to produce the 3NI* state. Then the slow secondary CS (125 ns) gives the long‐lived 3CT state (0.94 μs in deaerated n‐hexane) with high energy level (ca. 2.12 eV). The cascade photophysical processes of the dyad upon photoexcitation are summarized as 1NI*→1CT→3NI*→3CT. With time‐resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectra, an EEEAAA electron‐spin polarization pattern was observed for the naphthalimide‐localized triplet state. Our spiro compact dyad structure and the electron spin‐control approach is different to previous methods for which invoking transition‐metal coordination or chromophores with intrinsic ISC ability is mandatory.
Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Activity of Pt‐based Electrocatalysts: From Theoretical Mechanisms to Practical Methods
Authors: Ma Zhong , Cano Zachary P. , Yu Aiping , Chen Zhongwei , Jiang Gaopeng , Fu Xiaogang , Yang Lin , Wu Tianpin , Bai Zhengyu , Lu Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPt‐based electrocatalysts are considered as one of the most promising choices to facilitate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and the key factor enabling their success is to reduce the required amount of platinum. Herein, we focus on illuminating both the theoretical mechanisms which enable enhanced and sustained ORR activity and the practical methods to achieve them in catalysts. The various multi‐step pathways of ORR are firstly reviewed and the rate‐determining steps based on the reaction intermediates and their binding energies are analyzed. We then explain the critical aspects of Pt‐based electrocatalysts to tune oxygen reduction properties from the viewpoints of active sites exposure and altering the surface electronic structure, and further summarize representative research progress towards practically achieving these activity enhancements with a focus on platinum size reduction, shape control and core Pt elimination methods. We finally outline the remaining challenges and provide our perspectives with regard to further enhancing their activities.
Thermoplastic Membranes Incorporating Semiconductive Metal–Organic Frameworks: An Advance on Flexible X‐ray Detectors
Authors: Liang Chengyu , Zhang Shitong , Cheng Liwei , Xie Jian , Zhai Fuwan , He Yihui , Wang Yaxing , Chai Zhifang , Wang Shuao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSemiconductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged in applications such as chemical sensors, electrocatalysts, energy storage materials, and electronic devices. However, examples of semiconductive MOFs within flexible electronics have not been reported. We present flexible X‐ray detectors prepared by thermoplastic dispersal of a semiconductive MOF (SCU‐13) through a commercially available polymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride). The flexible detectors exhibit efficient X‐ray‐to‐electric current conversion with enhanced charge‐carrier mobility and low trap density compared to pelleted devices. A high X‐ray detection sensitivity of 65.86 μCGyair−1 cm−2 was achieved, which outperforms other pelleted devices and commercial flexible X‐ray detectors. We demonstrate that the MOF‐based flexible detectors can be operated at multiple bending angles without a deterioration in detection performance. As a proof‐of‐concept, an X‐ray phase contrast under bending conditions was constructed using a 5×5 pixelated MOF‐based imager.
Effects of sunitinib on endothelial dysfunction, metabolic changes, and cardiovascular risk indices in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Lai Silvia , Amabile Maria Ida , Mazzaferro Sandro , Mitterhofer Anna Paola , Mazzarella Angelo , Galani Alessandro , Imbimbo Giovanni , Cianci Rosario , Pasquali Marzia , Molfino Alessio ,   Study Group on Geriatric Nephrology of the Italian Society of Nephrology (SIN)
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSunitinib is a standard treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Currently, the data available on the effects of sunitinib on endothelial dysfunction, metabolic changes, and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors are limited, and we aimed to evaluate these aspects in patients with RCC after a short period of treatment.MethodsPatients affected by metastatic RCC were enrolled and evaluated before starting sunitinib (T0) and after 40 days of treatment (T1) by the flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), carotid intima media thickness (IMT), ankle‐brachial pressure index (ABI), and 24‐hour proteinuria. We also assessed serum metabolic and nutritional parameters at T0 and T1.ResultsTwenty patients (7 female), with a mean age of 61.4 ± 12.0 years, were studied. Overtime, we observed a reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = .002), FMD (P = .001) and in fasting plasma glucose levels (P = .04), as well as an increase in plasma insulin (P < .001), HOMA‐IR (P < .01), and serum total cholesterol levels (P = .01). Moreover at T1 we found a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P ≤ .001) and 24‐hour proteinuria (P < .001) compared to baseline, whereas no changes in IMT and ABI were detected.ConclusionThe changes observed overtime after sunitinib treatment in terms of markers of early endothelial dysfunction, blood pressure, as well as in glucose/insulin metabolism and proteinuria may contribute to increase CV risk in RCC patients and suggest a strict follow‐up in this setting. Larger evidences are mandatory to confirm our observations.
Design and Analysis of New Micromixers Based on Distillation Column Trays
Authors: Lameu da Silva Júnior João , Haddad Victória Anselmo , Taranto Osvaldir Pereira , Silva Santana Harrson 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFour passive micromixer designs (G1, G2, G3, and G4) based on distillation columns trays are proposed. The performance of the devices is assessed by numerical simulations. The mixing performance is investigated for different Reynolds numbers and channel heights for oil/ethanol flow. G1 and G4 designs provided a high mixing index. The G1 device achieved superior mixing performance with a moderate pressure drop due to the induced flow recirculation pattern for a relatively high flow rate, highlighting the potential use of such microdevice for scale‐up and numbering‐up of microdevices in modular chemical plant processing.
Platinized Silica Nanoporous Membrane Electrodes for Low‐Fouling Hydrogen Peroxide Detection
Authors: Li Xinru , Zhou Lin , Ding Jialian , Sun Lei , Su Bin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important molecule that is widely used or exists in foods, medicines, detergents and human body. Therefore, fast and accurate detection of H2O2 is highly important in food security, disease diagnosis, etc. In this work, we report the fabrication of platinized silica nanoporous membrane (Pt@SNM) electrodes for the detection of H2O2 in complex in vitro and in vivo environments. The porous structure of SNM can effectively confine the electrodeposition of Pt nanostructures and meanwhile prevent the adsorption of fouling species on the underlying electrode. In comparison with conventional electrodes for H2O2 detection, the current one exhibited excellent antifouling ability and worked well in complex real samples. As we demonstrated that the Pt@SNM modified carbon fiber microelectrode could work pretty stably in cortex of rat brain up to 90 min. We believe that this methodology can be extended for electrochemical detection of many other species in strongly fouling media.
Understanding the Conformational Behavior of Fluorinated Piperidines: The Origin of the Axial‐F Preference
Authors: Nairoukh Zackaria , Strieth‐Kalthoff Felix , Bergander Klaus , Glorius Frank 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGaining an understanding of the conformational behavior of fluorinated compounds would allow for expansion of the current molecular design toolbox. In order to facilitate drug discovery efforts, a systematic survey of a series of diversely substituted and protected fluorinated piperidine derivatives has been carried out using NMR spectroscopy. Computational investigations reveal that, in addition to established delocalization forces such as charge–dipole interactions and hyperconjugation, solvation and solvent polarity play a major role. This work codifies a new design principle for conformationally rigid molecular scaffolds.
Benzannulation through Ruthenium(0)‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenative Cycloaddition: Precision Synthesis and Photophysical Characterization of Soluble Diindenoperylenes
Authors: Suravarapu Sankar Rao , Parvathaneni Sai Prathima , Bender Jon A. , Roberts Sean T. , Krische Michael J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe first application of ruthenium(0)‐catalyzed 1,2‐dione‐diyne [2+2+2] cycloaddition to PAH construction is achieved by the precision synthesis of soluble diindenoperylenes (DIPs), the electronic structures of which were investigated using steady‐state absorption and emission, transient absorption, cyclic voltammetry and time‐dependent density functional theory