bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central line catheterisation as a cause of vocal cord palsy
Authors: Richards Emma , Suman Ravinder , Skalidi Nikoleta , Jennings Christopher 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We report an unusual case of vocal cord palsy secondary which developed following insertion of a central line. A 46-year-old gentleman was admitted with seizure activity and reduced GCS. Following failed attempts at establishing intravenous or intraosseous access, a central line was placed into the right internal jugular vein. After extubation, the patient was found to have a right vocal cord palsy. Contemporaneous computed tomography (CT) imaging of the neck and thorax was performed to determine the cause of the palsy. Although this CT was clear, review of the original trauma CT showed a haematoma within the right carotid sheath. This led to a diagnosis of neuropraxia secondary to haematoma from central venous catheterisation. The patient went on to make a full recovery. We discuss our case with review of previous literature and discussion of management in such situations.
Three-dimensional simulations of accretion flow in the progenitor of Tycho’s supernova
Authors: Xue Li , Jiao Cheng-Liang , Li Yuan 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We run 3D numerical simulations for the accretion flow around the white dwarf (WD) in the progenitor system of Tycho’s supernova (SN). The mass of the WD, mass of the companion star, and the orbital period are set to be 1M⊙, 1.6M⊙, and 0.794 d, respectively, based on theoretical and observational researches of Tycho’s SN remnant (SNR). We find that when the magnetic field in the accreted material is negligible, outflowing wind is concentrated near the equatorial plane. When the magnetic field has energy equipartition with internal energy, polar wind is comparable with the equatorial wind. A carefully chosen magnetic field between the above two cases ($B=5.44\times 10^3 \rm {G}$) can roughly reproduce the latitude-dependent wind required to form the peculiar periphery of Tycho’s SNR. Including a reasonable amount of viscosity in the calculation does not change our conclusion.
An off-centred bulge or a satellite? Hydrodynamical N-body simulations of the disc galaxy NGC 5474
Authors: Pascale R , Bellazzini M , Tosi M , Annibali F , Marinacci F , Nipoti C 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We present dynamical models of the star-forming galaxy NGC 5474 based on N-body hydrodynamical numerical simulations. We investigate the possible origin of the compact round stellar structure, generally interpreted as the bulge of the galaxy, but unusually off-set by ${\simeq} 1\, {\rm kpc}$ in projection from the visual and the kinematic centres of both the star and the gas discs. We argue that it is very unlikely that the putative bulge is in a coplanar orbit in the disc plane, showing that such a configuration would be hardly compatible with its smooth and regular spatial distribution, and, in case its mass is above $10^8\, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$, also with the regular ${\rm H\,{\small I}}$ velocity field of NGC 5474. Instead, if the putative bulge is in fact an early-type satellite galaxy orbiting around NGC 5474, not only the off-set can be easily produced by projection effects, but our simulations suggest that the gravitational interaction between the two systems can explain also the warped ${\rm H\,{\small I}}$ distribution of NGC 5474 and the formation of its loose spiral arms. As a by-product of the simulations, we find that the peculiar overdensity of old stars detected in the south-west region of NGC 5474 may be explained with the interaction between NGC 5474 and a smaller stellar system, unrelated to the putative bulge, accreted in the disc plane.
MEGARA-GTC stellar spectral library – II. MEGASTAR first release
Authors: Carrasco E , Mollá M , García-Vargas M L , Gil de Paz A , Cardiel N , Gómez-Alvarez P , Berlanas S R 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
MEGARA is an optical integral field and multi-object fibre-based spectrograph for the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio CANARIAS that offers medium-to-high spectral resolutions (FWHM) of R ≃ 6000, 12 000, 20 000. Commissioned at the telescope in 2017, it started operation as a common-user instrument in 2018. We are creating an instrument-oriented empirical spectral library from MEGARA-GTC stars observations, MEGASTAR, crucial for the correct interpretation of MEGARA data. This piece of work describes the content of the first release of MEGASTAR, formed by the spectra of 414 stars observed with R ≃ 20 000 in the spectral intervals 6420–6790 Å and 8370–8885 Å, and obtained with a continuum average signal-to-noise ratio around 260. We describe the release sample, the observations, the data reduction procedure and the MEGASTAR data base. Additionally, we include in Appendix A an atlas with the complete set of 838 spectra of this first release of the MEGASTAR catalogue.
The geometry and dynamical role of stellar wind bubbles in photoionized H ii regions
Authors: Geen Sam , Bieri Rebekka , Rosdahl Joakim , de Koter Alex 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Winds from young massive stars contribute a large amount of energy to their host molecular clouds. This has consequences for the dynamics and observable structure of star-forming clouds. In this paper, we present radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations of turbulent molecular clouds that form individual stars of 30, 60, and 120 solar masses emitting winds and ultraviolet radiation following realistic stellar evolution tracks. We find that winds contribute to the total radial momentum carried by the expanding nebula around the star at 10 per cent of the level of photoionization feedback, and have only a small effect on the radial expansion of the nebula. Radiation pressure is largely negligible in the systems studied here. The 3D geometry and evolution of wind bubbles is highly aspherical and chaotic, characterized by fast-moving ‘chimneys’ and thermally driven ‘plumes’. These plumes can sometimes become disconnected from the stellar source due to dense gas flows in the cloud. Our results compare favourably with the findings of relevant simulations, analytic models and observations in the literature while demonstrating the need for full 3D simulations including stellar winds. However, more targeted simulations are needed to better understand results from observational studies.
Optimizing tomography for weak gravitational lensing surveys
Authors: Sipp Marvin , Schäfer Björn Malte , Reischke Robert 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The subject of this paper is optimization of weak lensing tomography: we carry out numerical minimization of a measure of total statistical error as a function of the redshifts of the tomographic bin edges by means of a Nelder–Mead algorithm in order to optimize the sensitivity of weak lensing with respect to different optimization targets. Working under the assumption of a Gaussian likelihood for the parameters of a w0wa CDM (cold dark matter) model and using euclid’s conservative survey specifications, we compare an equipopulated, equidistant, and optimized bin setting and find that in general the equipopulated setting is very close to the optimal one, while an equidistant setting is far from optimal and also suffers from the ad hoc choice of a maximum redshift. More importantly, we find that nearly saturated information content can be gained using already few tomographic bins. This is crucial for photometric redshift surveys with large redshift errors. We consider a large range of targets for the optimization process that can be computed from the parameter covariance (or equivalently, from the Fisher matrix), extend these studies to information entropy measures such as the Kullback–Leibler divergence and conclude that in many cases equipopulated binning yields results close to the optimum, which we support by analytical arguments.
CoolMPS for robust sequencing of single-nuclear RNAs captured by droplet-based method
Authors: Hahn Oliver , Fehlmann Tobias , Zhang Hui , Munson Christy N , Vest Ryan T , Borcherding Adam , Liu Sophie , Villarosa Christian , Drmanac Snezana , Drmanac Rade , Keller Andreas , Wyss-Coray Tony 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMassively-parallel single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq, snRNA-seq) requires extensive sequencing to achieve proper per-cell coverage, making sequencing resources and availability of sequencers critical factors for conducting deep transcriptional profiling. CoolMPS is a novel sequencing-by-synthesis approach that relies on nucleotide labeling by re-usable antibodies, but whether it is applicable to snRNA-seq has not been tested. Here, we use a low-cost and off-the-shelf protocol to chemically convert libraries generated with the widely-used Chromium 10X technology to be sequenceable with CoolMPS technology. To assess the quality and performance of converted libraries sequenced with CoolMPS, we generated a snRNA-seq dataset from the hippocampus of young and old mice. Native libraries were sequenced on an Illumina Novaseq and libraries that were converted to be compatible with CoolMPS were sequenced on a DNBSEQ-400RS. CoolMPS-derived data faithfully replicated key characteristics of the native library dataset, including correct estimation of ambient RNA-contamination, detection of captured cells, cell clustering results, spatial marker gene expression, inter- and intra-replicate differences and gene expression changes during aging. In conclusion, our results show that CoolMPS provides a viable alternative to standard sequencing of RNA from droplet-based libraries.
A comprehensive epigenome atlas reveals DNA methylation regulating skeletal muscle development
Authors: Yang Yalan , Fan Xinhao , Yan Junyu , Chen Muya , Zhu Min , Tang Yijie , Liu Siyuan , Tang Zhonglin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
DNA methylation is important for the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and plays a critical role in mammalian development. However, the dynamic regulation of genome-wide DNA methylation in skeletal muscle development remains largely unknown. Here, we generated the first single-base resolution DNA methylome and transcriptome maps of porcine skeletal muscle across 27 developmental stages. The overall methylation level decreased from the embryo to the adult, which was highly correlated with the downregulated expression of DNMT1 and an increase in partially methylated domains. Notably, we identified over 40 000 developmentally differentially methylated CpGs (dDMCs) that reconstitute the developmental trajectory of skeletal muscle and associate with muscle developmental genes and transcription factors (TFs). The dDMCs were significantly under-represented in promoter regulatory regions but strongly enriched as enhancer histone markers and in chromatin-accessible regions. Integrative analysis revealed the negative regulation of both promoter and gene body methylation in genes associated with muscle contraction and insulin signaling during skeletal muscle development. Mechanistically, DNA methylation affected the expression of muscle-related genes by modulating the accessibly of upstream myogenesis TF binding, indicating the involvement of the DNA methylation/SP1/IGF2BP3 axis in skeletal myogenesis. Our results highlight the function and regulation of dynamic DNA methylation in skeletal muscle development.
Availability, coverage, and scope of health information systems for kidney care across world countries and regions
Authors: See Emily J , Bello Aminu K , Levin Adeera , Lunney Meaghan , Osman Mohamed A , Ye Feng , Ashuntantang Gloria E , Bellorin-Font Ezequiel , Benghanem Gharbi Mohammed , Davison Sara , Ghnaimat Mohammad , Harden Paul , Htay Htay , Jha Vivekanand , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Kerr Peter G , Klarenbach Scott , Kovesdy Csaba P , Luyckx Valerie , Neuen Brendon , O’Donoghue Donal , Ossareh Shahrzad , Perl Jeffrey , Rashid Harun Ur , Rondeau Eric , Syed Saad , Sola Laura , Tchokhonelidze Irma , Tesar Vladimir , Tungsanga Kriang , Kazancioglu Rumeyza Turan , Wang Angela Yee-Moon , Yang Chih-Wei , Zemchenkov Alexander , Zhao Ming-Hui , Jager Kitty J , Caskey Fergus , Perkovic Vlado , Jindal Kailash K , Okpechi Ikechi G , Tonelli Marcello , Feehally John , Harris David C , Johnson David W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Health information systems (HIS) are fundamental tools for the surveillance of health services, estimation of disease burden and prioritization of health resources. Several gaps in the availability of HIS for kidney disease were highlighted by the first iteration of the Global Kidney Health Atlas.

Methods
As part of its second iteration, the International Society of Nephrology conducted a cross-sectional global survey between July and October 2018 to explore the coverage and scope of HIS for kidney disease, with a focus on kidney replacement therapy (KRT).

Results
Out of a total of 182 invited countries, 154 countries responded to questions on HIS (85% response rate). KRT registries were available in almost all high-income countries, but few low-income countries, while registries for non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute kidney injury (AKI) were rare. Registries in high-income countries tended to be national, in contrast to registries in low-income countries, which often operated at local or regional levels. Although cause of end-stage kidney disease, modality of KRT and source of kidney transplant donors were frequently reported, few countries collected data on patient-reported outcome measures and only half of low-income countries recorded process-based measures. Almost no countries had programs to detect AKI and practices to identify CKD-targeted individuals with diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, rather than members of high-risk ethnic groups.

Conclusions
These findings confirm significant heterogeneity in the global availability of HIS for kidney disease and highlight important gaps in their coverage and scope, especially in low-income countries and across the domains of AKI, non-dialysis CKD, patient-reported outcomes, process-based measures and quality indicators for KRT service delivery.
Resting Heart Rate predicts all-cause mortality in sub-Saharan African Patients with Heart Failure: Insight from the Douala Heart failure registry (Do-HF)
Authors: Dzudie Anastase , Barche Blaise , Mouliom Sidick , Nouko Ariane , Raissa Fogue , Njebet Jules , Sarah Abang , Abah Joseph , Djomou Armel , Nzali Archange , Nkoke Clovis , Kamdem Felicite , Kingue Samuel , Sliwa Karen , Kengne Andre Pascal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigher resting heart rate (HR) is associated with mortality amongst Caucasians with heart failure (HF), but its significance has yet to be established in sub-Saharan Africans in whom HF differs in terms of characteristics and etiologies.ObjectivesWe assessed the association of HR with all-cause mortality in patients with HF in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsThe Douala HF registry (Do–HF) is an ongoing prospective data collection on patients with HF receiving care at four cardiac referral services in Douala, Cameroon. Patients included in this report were followed-up for 12 months from their index admission, for all-cause mortality. We used Cox-regression analysis to study the association of HR with all-cause mortality during follow-up.ResultsOf 347 patients included, 343 (98.8%) completed follow-up. The mean age was 64±14 years, 176 (50.7%) were female, and median admission HR was 85 bpm. During a median follow-up of 12 months, 78 (22.7%) patients died. Mortality increased steadily with HR increase and ranged from 12.2% in the lower quartile of HR (≤69 bpm) to 34.1% in the upper quartile of HR (>100 bpm). Hazard ratio of 12-month death per 10 bpm higher heart rate was 1.16 (1.04–1.29), with consistent effects across most subgroups, but a higher effect in participants with hypertension vs those without (interaction p=0.044).ConclusionHeart rate was independently associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in this study, particularly among participants with hypertension. The implication of this finding for risk prediction or reduction should be actively investigated.
Childhood Inflammatory Markers and Risks for Psychosis and Depression at Age 24: examination of temporality and specificity of association in a population-based prospective birth cohort
Authors: Perry Benjamin I. , Zammit Stanley , Jones Peter B. , Khandaker Golam M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCross-sectional studies have reported elevated concentrations of inflammatory markers in psychosis and depression. However, questions regarding temporality and specificity of association, crucial for understanding the potential role of inflammation, remain.MethodsBased on 2,224 ALSPAC birth cohort participants, we used regression analyses to test associations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at age 9 with risks for psychosis (psychotic experiences; negative symptoms; psychotic disorder), and depression (depressive episode; symptom score) at age 24. Regression models were adjusted for sex, ethnicity, social class and body mass index. We tested for linearity (using quadratic terms) and specificity (using bivariate probit regression) of association, and used multiple imputation to explore the impact of missing data.ResultsAfter adjustments, higher IL-6 levels at age 9 were associated with increased risk of psychotic disorder (OR=1.56; 95% C.I., 1.10-2.21 per SD increase in IL-6; OR=1.49; 95% C.I., 1.02-2.18 for the top compared with bottom third of IL-6) and depressive episode (OR=1.14; 95% C.I., 0.99-1.32 per SD increase in IL-6; OR=1.49; 95% C.I., 1.02-2.18 for the top compared with bottom third of IL-6). IL-6 was associated with negative symptoms after adjusting for depression (β=0.09; 95% C.I., 0.01-0.22). There was no evidence for outcome-specific associations of IL-6. Childhood CRP was not associated with adult psychosis or depression.ConclusionsEvidence for similar, longitudinal, dose-response associations suggest that elevated childhood IL-6 could be a shared risk factor for psychosis and depression. The IL-6 pathway may represent a novel target for treatment and prevention of these disorders.
Effects of buoyancy ratio on diffusion of solid particles inside a pipe during double diffusive flow of a nanofluid
Authors: Aly Abdelraheem M. , Mohamed Ehab Mahmoud 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to use an incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method for simulating buoyancy ratio and magnetic field effects on double diffusive natural convection of a cooper-water nanofluid in a cavity. An open pipe is embedded inside the center of a cavity, and it is occupied by solid particles.

Design/methodology/approach
The dimensionless governing equations in Lagrangian form were solved by ISPH method. Two different thermal conditions were considered for the solid particles. The actions of the solid particles were tracked inside a cavity. The effects of Hartman parameter, Rayleigh number, nanoparticles volume fraction and Lewis number on features of heat and mass transfer and flow field were tested.

Findings
The results showed that the buoyancy ratio changes the directions of the solid particles diffusion in a cavity. The hot solid particles were raised upwards at aiding mode (N > 0) and downwards at an opposing mode (N < 0). A comparison is made with experimental and numerical simulation results, and it showed a well agreement.

Originality/value
Novel studies for the impacts of buoyancy ratio on the diffusion of solid particles embedded in an open pipe during double-diffusive flow were conducted.
Challenging behaviour, inpatient services and governance in England
Authors: Joyce Theresa 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the current situation in relation to restrictive interventions, and some actions that could be taken to reduce them. The quality of care provided by inpatient services for people with intellectual disabilities has come under increasing scrutiny in recent years – from Winterbourne View in 2011 to Whorlton Hall in 2019, there has been increasing concern that admission to hospital does not always result in a good outcome for the patients. For some people, it has resulted in further deterioration in their physical and mental health, separation from families and supports and reduced probability of living as part of their community. This is in spite of knowledge and evidence of what good practice looks like.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines the extent to which inpatient services deliver good practice in treatment and care and, where this is not happening, the extent to which they are subject to effective governance.FindingsPeople admitted to inpatient services can be at risk of poor-quality care and the overuse of restrictive interventions. There is guidance available that addresses what should be in place for them to receive high-quality care and treatment, and this clearly is available to many people. However, others can find themselves placed in increasingly restrictive environments and in circumstances where their human rights are at risk of being breached. There is increasing evidence that these services do not follow good practice guidance in terms of staff skills, development and implementation of effective care plans and governance arrangements that address these issues. Regulators, commissioners and managers could, and should, focus on these issues to ensure that the most vulnerable receive the care and treatment they need while in hospital.Originality/valueService providers are aware of the difficulties in developing alternative community services. This places even more importance on the need to ensure that care and treatment in hospital is of a good standard, and that the use of restrictive interventions is minimised. McGillet al.(this issue) describe the features of a capable environment and it may be that hospitals consider that the requirements are unlikely to be implemented effectively in a ward/unit setting. However, a shift of focus in doing this could result in a reduction in restrictive interventions and a better experience – potentially for both the staff and the patients. And families could have some reassurance that their relative was receiving the best quality care and treatment, and that their human rights were being upheld.
Constrained listening, audience alignment, and expert communication
Authors: Fischer Paul E. , Heinle Mirko S. , Smith Kevin C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider a cheap‐talk setting with two senders and a continuum of receivers with heterogenous preferences. Each receiver is constrained to listen to one of the senders but can choose which sender to listen to. The introduction of a second sender facilitates more informative communication and even enables full communication for a large set of sender preference pairs. We use the model to assess the size and characteristics of sender audiences, the amount of information communicated, and the impact of the senders' biases on the receivers' actions.