bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Edible Starch and Sodium Bi-carbonate on Postharvest Quality of Minimally Processed Carrot and Potato
Authors: Mehedi Md. Nazmul Hasan , Halder Avijit , Hasan Md. Fakhrul , Toma Nowrin Islam , Rouf Md. Abdur , Farthouse Jannatul , Islam Md. Aktarul 
Published: June 2020

The demand for healthy and ready-to-eat products has been growing steadily over the years. However, these products are very susceptible to spoilage and have a short shelf-life. In this research, edible coatings based on edible starch (aloe vera gel) and NaHCO3 were applied on fresh-cut vegetable samples (carrot and potato), and the changes in their bio-chemical properties and microbial changes were monitored during 6 days of storage at 4ºC. Two factor experiments, Factor A; postharvest treatments (different concentration of aloe gel and NaHCO3) and Factor B; two vegetable species (Carrot and Potato) were laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Different concentration of aloe vera gel and NaHCO3 solutions were prepared as per treatment. The prepared slices of vegetable species were treated with different treatment combinations and stored in 200 g capacity polyethylene bags sealed under air, vacuum or modified active atmosphere and then bio-chemically (Titratable Acidity (TA), Ascorbic Acid (AA) content, Total Soluble Solids (TSS), Reducing Sugar (RS), Non-reducing Sugar (NRS), pH) and microbiologically assessed. Higher rate of edible starch (30%) + NaHCO3 (2%) treated potato (CT12) showed the superior performance on TA (1.290), TSS (5.200% Brix), NRS content (0.340) and pH (4.773% Brix) compare to control and other interaction treatments of the study at 6 days after storage while untreated potato (T0) showed statistically lower AA (6.575 mg/25 g) TA (0.464) TSS (3.856), pH (3.827) NRS (0.133). Growth of bacterial colonies on NA media had statistically highest (14.00) in untreated potato and lowest (5.00) in T12 treated potato while fungal colonies on PDA media range of 4.00 to 11 at 6 DAS. The study may help small-scale establishments to increase the shelf-life of minimally processed vegetables.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Preoperative T Staging of Gastric Cancer (A Critical Appraisal)
Authors: Ahmad Syed Sajad , Robbani Irfan , Rasool Sheikh Riaz , Yaseen Syed Besina , Wani Rouf Ahmad , Mir Abdul Wahid , Mushtaq Tabasum 
Published: June 2020

Background: Gastric cancer accounts for many cancer-related deaths, is one of the top leading cause of cancer-associated mortality. Tumor staging and classification depends upon histological, immune histochemical tests along with the radiological imaging. In the preoperative T staging of gastric cancer, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become principal attention in recent years.
Aim: Evaluating the accuracy of MRI in the preoperative T staging of gastric cancer vis-a-vis post-operative pathological staging.
Methods: A total of 37 patients were initially taken in our study, out of which 13 patients were excluded as they underwent neo adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for the down staging of the tumor. The 24 patients became the sample size of our study and their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T stage was correlated with pathological T-stage.
Results: The diagnostic accuracy of T1 stage by MRI was 87.5%, with 94.7% specificity and 60% sensitivity (n=24, κ -value = 0.58; P-value<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of T2 stage by MRI was 87.5%, with 88.2% specificity and 85.7% sensitivity (n=24, κ- value= 0.69; P-value<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of T3 stage by MRI was 91.7% with 93.3% specificity and 88.9% sensitivity (n=24, κ -value= 0.82; P-value<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of T4 stage by MRI was 95.8%, with 100% specificity and 75% sensitivity (n=24, κ- value= 0.80; P-value<0.05).
Conclusion: Because of high accuracy and specificity in determining the depth of invasion of gastric cancer, MRI proves to be an invaluable diagnostic tool in the preoperative T staging of gastric cancer and therefore is very useful in sidestepping unnecessary surgery by supervising the selection of treatment decisions.
Grain Zinc Phytic Acid and Nutrient Uptake in Common Bean is Influenced by Sources and Concentrations of Zinc Fertilization
Authors: Baligah Hujjat Ul , Mir Shakeel Ahmad , Sofi Parvaze , Mir Aamir Hassan 
Published: June 2020

Aim: To study the effect of different sources and levels of zinc fertilization on phytic acid content and nutrient uptake in common beans.
Design: Randomized complete block design.
Place and Duration of study: Division of soil science and agricultural chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Sheri Kashmir University of agricultural science and technology, Kashmir, between 2017-2018.
Methodology: A field experiment was conducted to verify the response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to the different sources zinc fertilizer. Three different sources of Zinc Viz:- Zinc Sulphate, Zinc Gluconate and Zinc EDTA were used. Each fertilizer was used in three different amounts. Concentration of Zinc, overall zinc uptake, phytic acid, phytic acid Zinc molar ratio and overall nutrient uptake was estimated.
Results: The data was analyzed using OPSTAT software at P= 0.05. The application of zinc had a positive impact on increase of zinc concentration from 36.6 to 58.2 mg kg-1 in common bean and overall zinc uptake from 0.43 to 1.02 kg ha-1. It was observed that with the increase in levels of zinc there was a decrease in the concentration of phytic acid from 11.92 to 7.8 mg g-1 hence, phytic acid: Zinc molar ratio also decreased from 31.2 to 13.2. There was a positive correlation between nutrient uptake and zinc concentration in beans.
Conclusion: Application of Zinc significantly increased the overall nutrient uptake of plants except phosphorus. Among all the sources, Zinc EDTA proved to be most efficient fertilizer followed by zinc Gluconate for enhancing the concentration of zinc and decreasing the concentration of anti- nutritional factor (phytic acid) in beans. Therefore zinc fertilization can be used as an effective method to improve zinc concentration in beans and hence combat zinc deficiency.
In vitro Assessment of Antiplasmodial Activity and Acute Oral Toxicity of Dissotis rotundifolia Extracts and Fractions on Plasmodium falciparum Strains
Authors: Djehoue Rock , Adamou Rafiou , Amoussa Abdou Madjid O. , Medjigbodo Adande A. , Laleye Anatole , Sanni Ambaliou , Djogbenou Luc S. , Lagnika Latifou 
Published: June 2020

Aim: Dissotis rotundifolia were selected after an ethnopharmacological survey conducted on plants used traditionally for malaria treatment in South Benin, with the aim of discovering new natural active extracts against malaria parasites.
Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Bioactive Natural Substances, University of Abomey-Calavi (Benin)/ Laboratory of Infectious Vector Borne Diseases, Regional Institute of Public Health (Benin)/ Laboratoire d’Histologie, de Cytogénétique et d’Embryologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (Benin). The study was conduct from October 2018 to June 2019 in Benin.
Methodology: The antiplasmodial activity of the plant extracts was evaluated using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) immunodetection assay. The extract with the best antiplasmodial activity were used on Wistar rats for acute toxicity.
Results: Ethanolic extract of Dissotis rotundifolia showed promising activity (Isolate: IC50 = 22.58 ± 1.12 µg/mL; 3D7: IC50 = 6.81 ± 0.85 µg/mL) on Plasmodium falciparum compared to the aqueous extract (Isolate: IC50 > 100 µg/mL; 3D7: IC50> 100 µg/mL). The aqueous fraction of D. rotundifolia exhibit highly potent activity against P. falciparum strain (Isolate: IC50 > 100 µg/mL μg/mL; 3D7: IC50 = 4.05 ± 0.72 μg/mL). Haemolytic effect of actives extracts and fractions is less than 5%. Ethanolic extract of D. rotundifolia revealed no obvious acute toxicity in rat up to the highest dose administered (2000 mg/kg).
Conclusion: This study justifies traditional uses of D. rotundifolia against malaria. A bioguided fractionation of these extracts would identify molecules responsible for their antiplasmodial activity. Moreover, these results could lead to the design of improved traditional medicines in the basis of this plant.
Fast and Effective Region-based Depth Map Upsampling with Application to Location Map-Free Reversible Data Hiding
Authors: Chung Kuo-Liang , Tseng Yu-Ling , Chan Tzu-Hsien , Wang Ching-Sheng 
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we rst propose a fast and eective region-based depth map upsampling method, and then propose a joint upsampling and location map-free reversible data hiding method, simpled called the JUR method. In the proposed upsampling method, all the missing depth pixels are partitioned into three disjoint regions: the homogeneous, semi-homogeneous, and non- homogeneous regions. Then, we propose the depth copying, mean value, and bicubic interpolation approaches to reconstruct the three kinds of missing depth pixels quickly, respectively. In the proposed JUR method, without any location map overhead, using the neighboring ground truth depth pixels of each missing depth pixel, achieving substantial quality, and embedding capacity merits. The comprehensive experiments have been carried out to not only justify the execution-time and quality merits of the upsampled depth maps by our upsampling method relative to the state-of-the-art methods, but also justify the embedding capacity and quality merits of our JUR method when compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of Mathematics Anxiety Behavior on Mathematics Performance in Kenya
Authors: Nathan O. M. , Jackob K. O. 
Published: June 2020

We propose a deterministic model that describes the dynamics of students who have the capabilityWe propose a deterministic model that describes the dynamics of students who have the capabilityto perform well in mathematics examinations and engage in careers that demand its applicationand the negative inuence of individuals with mathematics anxiety on the potential students.Our model is based on SIR classical infectious model classes with Susceptible (S) and Infected (I)taken as Math anxious students (Ax) and Removed (R) adopted as achievers students (Aa) . Themodel is shown to be both epidemiologically and mathematically well posed. In particular, weprove that all solutions of the model are positive and bounded; and that every solution with initialconditions in remains in the set for all time. The existence of unique math anxious-freeand endemic equilibrium points is proved and the basic reproduction number R0 computed usingnext generation matrix approach. A global stability of anxious-free and the endemic equilibria areperformed using Lasselles invariance principle of Lyapunov functions. Sensitivity analysis showsthat achievement rate of potential achievers and achievement rate of math anxious students are the most sensitive parameters. This indicates that effort should be directed towards theseparameters, by having well trained mathematics staff and the best printed and technological resources so as to control the spread of mathematics anxiety. Furthermore, scaling up the understanding level of mathematics algorithms, lowers the mathematics anxiety level and consequently, the spread of mathematics anxiety amongst students reduces. Lastly, some numerical simulations are performed to verify the theoretical analysis result using Matlab software.
Relation of plasma β‐amyloid, clusterin, and tau with cerebral microbleeds: Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Romero José Rafael , Demissie Serkalem , Beiser Alexa , Himali Jayandra J. , DeCarli Charles , Levy Daniel , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveCerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are associated with higher risk of stroke and dementia, predating clinical diagnosis by several years. CMB are considered markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD): hypertensive (deep CMB) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (lobar CMB). We related plasma β‐Amyloid (40, 42 and their ratio), clusterin, and tau levels to CMB to elucidate their role as biomarkers for the angiopathies represented by CMB.MethodsDementia, stroke, and other neurological disease‐free Framingham Heart Study participants with available CMB and biomarker measurements were included. We related biomarker levels (standardized for analyses) to CMB presence overall and stratified by brain topography (any, lobar, deep), using multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsCMB were observed in 208 (5.7%) participants (mean age 57 years, 54% women). After multivariable adjustment, Aβ1‐40 was associated with any CMB (OR (95%CI) 1.20 (0.99, 1.45) P = 0.062)) and lobar CMB (OR (95%CI) 1.33 (1.05, 1.68) P = 0.019), but not with deep CMB. Log‐Aβ1‐42 levels were not associated with CMB overall. Clusterin was related to mixed CMB (1.70 [1.05, 2.74], P = 0.031). Tau levels were associated with any CMB (OR (95%CI) 1.26 (1.07, 1.49) P = 0.006), lobar CMB (OR (95%CI) 1.26 (1.05, 1.52) P = 0.013), and with deep CMB (OR (95% CI) 1.46 (1.13, 1.89) P = 0.004).InterpretationWe found that plasma Aβ1‐40 and Tau are associated with CMB but further studies are needed to confirm their role in hemorrhage prone CSVD represented by CMB and as indicators of ongoing subclinical neuronal injury.
A Standardized, Pragmatic Approach to Knee Ultrasound for Clinical Research in Osteoarthritis: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project
Authors: Yerich Nadiya V. , Alvarez Carolina , Schwartz Todd A. , Savage‐Guin Serena , Renner Jordan B. , Bakewell Catherine J. , Kohler Minna J. , Lin Janice , Samuels Jonathan , Nelson Amanda E. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveThis study sought to develop and employ a comprehensive and standardized ultrasound (US) protocol and scoring atlas for the evaluation of features relevant to knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in a community‐based cohort in the United States, with the goals of demonstrating feasibility, reliability, and validity.MethodsWe utilized data from the fourth follow‐up (2016‐2018) of the Johnston County OA Project, which includes individuals with (~50%) and without radiographic KOA. All participants underwent standardized knee radiography and completed standard questionnaires including the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Bilateral knee US images were obtained by a trained sonographer using a standardized protocol and scored by trained rheumatologists using an atlas developed for this study. A total of 396 knees were each scored by two readers according to the atlas. Associations between US features, radiographic findings (graded by an expert radiologist), and KOOS scores were assessed.ResultsOverall interreader reliability for US scoring was fair to moderate. The strongest correlations between US and radiographic features were seen for osteophytes, and similarly strong correlations were seen between US osteophytes and overall radiographic Kellgren‐Lawrence Grade, demonstrating criterion validity. Features of effusion/synovitis and osteophytes were most associated with KOOS pain and impaired function.ConclusionUS is a feasible, reliable, and valid method to assess features relevant to KOA in clinical and research settings. The protocol and atlas developed in this study can be utilized to evaluate KOA in a standardized fashion in future clinical studies, enabling greater utilization of this valuable modality in osteoarthritis.
Bioresorbable, Wireless, Passive Sensors as Temporary Implants for Monitoring Regional Body Temperature
Authors: Lu Di , Yan Ying , Avila Raudel , Kandela Irawati , Stepien Iwona , Seo Min‐Ho , Bai Wubin , Yang Quansan , Li Chenhang , Haney Chad R. , Waters Emily A. , MacEwan Matthew R. , Huang Yonggang , Ray Wilson Z. , Rogers John A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMeasurements of regional internal body temperatures can yield important information in the diagnosis of immune response‐related anomalies, for precisely managing the effects of hyperthermia and hypothermia therapies and monitoring other transient body processes such as those associated with wound healing. Current approaches rely on permanent implants that require extraction surgeries after the measurements are no longer needed. Emerging classes of bioresorbable sensors eliminate the requirements for extraction, but their use of percutaneous wires for data acquisition leads to risks for infection at the suture site. As an alternative, a battery‐free, wireless implantable device is reported here, which is constructed entirely with bioresorbable materials for monitoring regional internal body temperatures over clinically relevant timeframes. Ultimately, these devices disappear completely in the body through natural processes. In vivo demonstrations indicate stable operation as subcutaneous and intracranial implants in rat models for up to 4 days. Potential applications include monitoring of healing cascades associated with surgical wounds, recovery processes following internal injuries, and the progression of thermal therapies for various conditions.
A High‐Efficiency CoSe Electrocatalyst with Hierarchical Porous Polyhedron Nanoarchitecture for Accelerating Polysulfides Conversion in Li–S Batteries
Authors: Ye Zhengqing , Jiang Ying , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are recognized as promising candidates for next‐generation electrochemical energy storage systems owing to their high energy density and cost‐effective raw materials. However, the sluggish multielectron sulfur redox reactions are the root cause of most of the issues for Li–S batteries. Herein, a high‐efficiency CoSe electrocatalyst with hierarchical porous nanopolyhedron architecture (CS@HPP) derived from a metal–organic framework is presented as the sulfur host for Li–S batteries. The CS@HPP with high crystal quality and abundant reaction active sites can catalytically accelerate capture/diffusion of polysulfides and precipitation/decomposition of Li2S. Thus, the CS@HPP sulfur cathode exhibits an excellent capacity of 1634.9 mAh g−1, high rate performance, and a long cycle life with a low capacity decay of 0.04% per cycle over 1200 cycles. CoSe nanopolyhedrons are further fabricated on a carbon cloth framework (CC@CS@HPP) to unfold the electrocatalytic activity by its high electrical conductivity and large surface area. A freestanding CC@CS@HPP sulfur cathode with sulfur loading of 8.1 mg cm−2 delivers a high areal capacity of 8.1 mAh cm−2 under a lean electrolyte. This work will enlighten the rational design of structure–catalysis engineering of transition‐metal‐based nanomaterials for diverse applications.
Bulk Spin Torque‐Driven Perpendicular Magnetization Switching in L10 FePt Single Layer
Authors: Tang Meng , Shen Ka , Xu Shijie , Yang Huanglin , Hu Shuai , Lü Weiming , Li Changjian , Li Mengsha , Yuan Zhe , Pennycook Stephen J. , Xia Ke , Manchon Aurelien , Zhou Shiming , Qiu Xuepeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDue to its inherent superior perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy, the FePt in L10 phase enables magnetic storage and memory devices with ultrahigh capacity. However, reversing the FePt magnetic state, and therefore encoding information, has proven to be extremely difficult. Here, it is demonstrated that an electric current can exert a large spin torque on an L10 FePt magnet, ultimately leading to reversible magnetization switching. The spin torque monotonically increases with increasing FePt thickness, exhibiting a bulk characteristic. Meanwhile, the spin torque effective fields and switching efficiency increase as the FePt approaches higher chemical ordering with stronger spin–orbit coupling. The symmetry breaking that generates spin torque within L10 FePt is shown to arise from an inherent structural gradient along the film normal direction. By artificially reversing the structural gradient, an opposite spin torque effect in L10 FePt is demonstrated. At last, the role of the disorder gradient in generating a substantial torque in a single ferromagnet is supported by theoretical calculations. These results will push forward the frontier of material systems for generating spin torques and will have a transformative impact on magnetic storage and spin memory devices with simple architecture, ultrahigh density, and readily application.
Boosting Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Performance for CO2 Reduction via Hydroxylated Graphene Quantum Dots Sensitized MIL‐101(Fe)
Authors: Liu Ning , Tang Mengqi , Wu Jinxing , Tang Liang , Huang Wenyuan , Li Qiutao , Lei Jianqiu , Zhang Xiaodong , Wang Liang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHerein, a one‐step solvothermal method that shows incorporation of the graphene quantum dots (GQDs) on Fe‐based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) [MIL‐101(Fe)] to form GQD/MIL‐101(Fe) (G/M101) composites is reported. MIL‐101(Fe) with the sensitization of GQDs could significantly improve the photocatalytic reduction efficiency of CO2 to generate CO. The prepared composites exhibit excellent optical properties and the photocatalytic activity of G/M101 composites is relevant to GQDs ratio. The CO production rate over G/M101‐5% (224.71 µmol h−1 g−1) is 5 times higher than that of MIL‐101(Fe) (46.20 µmol h−1 g−1). The promising photocatalytic activity of G/M101‐5% strongly depends on the beneficial separation and transfer of photoinduced carriers via a charge migration between GQDs and MIL‐101(Fe). The microstructures and interfacial structures of the G/M101‐5% composite demonstrate that GQDs are closely loaded on the surface of MIL‐101 (Fe), and thus favors to the photoreduction according to their sp2 bonding. This work may figure a new way for the synthesis of photocatalysts for the application on carbon stabilization.
Angular Scattering Pattern of Femtosecond Laser‐Induced Refractive Index Modifications in Optical Fibers
Authors: Reupert Aaron , Heck Maximilian , Nolte Stefan , Wondraczek Lothar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFocused femtosecond laser irradiation is used to induce light scattering modifications in the core of an optical fiber. This turns the fiber into a diffuse, line‐shaped light source. The scattering is investigated by imaging almost the full solid angle far‐field pattern for the first time. Additionally, an electromagnetic scattering model is developed to explain the observations. The findings herein change how the relationship between light scattering and the refractive index fluctuations is perceived by showing that the far‐field scattering pattern is the power spectral density of the polarization current inside the scattering center. Further, the authors contribute to a better estimation of the scattering process by showing that the total scattering power scales quadratically with the laser‐induced refractive index change and its volume.
Cinchona Squaramide‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Desymmetrization of 1,3‐Diketones Leading to Chiral 1,4‐Dihydropyridines
Authors: Dajek Maciej , Pruszczyńska Agnieszka , Konieczny Krzysztof A. , Kowalczyk Rafał 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAddition of prochiral cyclic 1,3‐diketones to Michael acceptors applying bifunctional Cinchona‐derived squaramides resulted in chiral adducts with stereoselectivities of up to 99% ee and allowed for desymmetrization of the nucleophile. These labile hemiacetal intermediates were transformed to new 1,4‐dihydropyridines with high diastereoselectivities and no erosion of optical purity. Their further oxidation to pyridine followed by Fisher indolization provided chiral pyridine‐indoles.magnified image