bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of Patient-level Prediction Model for In-hospital Mortality in Congenital Heart Disease Surgery: Regression and Machine Learning analysis
Authors: Du Xinwei , Wang Hao , Wang Shunming , He Yi , Zheng Jinghao , Zhang Haibo , Yin Lifeng , Chen Yiwei , Xu Zhiwei , Lu Zhaohui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Prediction of in-hospital death is important for patient management as well as risk-adjusted evaluation of Congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery performance. Using a large database containing CHD surgery records of 12 years, we aim to establish patient-level in-hospital mortality prediction models.Methods: Patients with congenital heart disease who underwent surgery at Shanghai Children’s Medical Center from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2017 were included in the study. Each procedure was assigned a complexity score based on Aristotle Score with modification. In-hospital mortalities for various surgery procedures were estimated. In-hospital death prediction models including a procedure complexity score and patient-level risk factors were constructed using logistic regression analysis and machine learning methods. The predictive values of the models were tested. Results: Among 24,684 patients underwent CHD operations, there were 595 (2.4%) in-hospital deaths. The results showed that AUC of the prediction model based on logistic regression is 0.864 (95% CI: 0.833-0.895, P <0.001), the sensitivity is 0.831 and the specificity is 0.786. The AUC of the Gradient boosting model is 0.884 (95 %% CI: 0.858-0.909, P <0.001), the sensitivity and specificity were 0.838 and 0.785 respectively. The feature importance analysis found that the variable (average score) that had the greatest impact on the model's prediction performance was operation score (95.6), and other variables (average scores) were Age (days) (95.5), Ultrasound MV （54.6）, Ultrasound atrial level （54.5）, Palliative operation (45.8), Operation history (38.8), Ultrasound TV2 (32.1), Urgent operation (30.8), Ultrasound ventricular level (30.5), and Spo2 ≤ 90% (30.3).Conclusions: Model constructed using machine learning method and logistic regression containing procedure complexity score and pre-operative patient-level factors had high accuracy in in-hospital mortality prediction. Operation score and age have the greatest impact on model prediction performance.
Privacy Preserving User Authentication Scheme based on Password and Smart Card for Multi-Server Environment
Authors: Mlatho Stanley , Chirwa Prince , Gabriel Yesaya , Kim Hyunsung 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Advancement in information and communication technology provides a scalable platform for various communication services, where a remote user can access the server from anywhere and anytime. The multi-server environment introduces a scalable platform such that a user can interact with any server using single registration. These services adopt authentication schemes in order to ensure secure and privacy preserving access to the resources. Recently Zhao et al. proposed a user authentication scheme based on password and smart card for the multi-server environment. They argued that their scheme is secure from well-known attacks. In this paper, we first identify that Zhao et al.’s scheme suffers from the denial of service attack and the privacy attack and does not provide user friendliness. After that, we propose a new privacy preserving user authentication scheme as a remedy scheme of Zhao et al.’s scheme. Through the rigorous formal and informal security analysis, we show that our scheme is secure against various known attacks including attacks founded in Zhao et al.’s scheme. Furthermore, we simulate our scheme for the formal security verification using ProVerif tool.
A Study on the Impact of Chinese Family Culture on Citizens' Voluntary Organ Donation
Authors: Luo Aijing , He Haiyan , Xie Wenzhao , Xu Zehua , Ouyang Wei , Xin Zirui , Chen Yang , Yuan Yifeng , Liu Fei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Family members’ attitude is the key factor in organ donation. This study aimed to analyze the attitude and willingness of families towards organ donation and to explore the impact of Chinese family culture on voluntary organ donation.Methods: Taking the family as a unit, a total of 15 families (59 family members) were interviewed using the semi-structured interviews.Results: Among the 59 participants, 58 had heard of organ donation, 30 were unwilling to donate organs, 25 had an intention to donate, and 13 were very taboo about it. 29 weren’t giving consent for family members’ donation, only 8 supported families to sign up as donors. Particularly, 7 participants could donate their organs but wouldn’t donate organs of family members. The family culture models were divided into the patriarchal family culture model (4 families), independent family culture model (8 families), patriarchal subversion family culture model (3 families). Based on the influence of social and cultural factors (taking national policy as an example) on the willingness to donate organs of relatives, the family culture models were divided into the stubborn family culture model (3 families), swing family culture model(9 families), and selfless dedication family culture model(3 families). Conclusions: Organ donation is still a taboo topic in Chinese families. Although the patriarchal family cultural model is no longer dominant, the father's thoughts and views still play an essential role in the whole family. Most families belong to the swing family culture model, and the willingness to donate is greatly influenced by social and cultural factors.
Time effects of bacterial vaginosis on infant morbidities in Kenya assessed using modified skewed generalized estimating equations
Authors: Mwenda Ngugi , Nduati Ruth , Kosgey Mathew , Kerich Gregory 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Infant morbidity and mortality are indicators used globally as measures of a country’s health status. Among the 8 millennium development goals (MDGs), this study aimed to address goal four (MDG 4) on the reduction of child mortality and six (MDG 6) on combating HIV and other diseases. We assessed different health conditions caused by bacterial vaginosis (BV) that could have life-long effects among infants. We aimed to address the time effects of BV on the long-term cause of infants' morbidities when asymmetry is assumed. We analyzed infant data from HIV-positive mothers with known BV status from a randomized controlled trial study conducted in Nairobi, Kenya. We aimed to investigate the effect of BV on infant morbidity with time from birth up to the age of 6 months. We derived a score for morbidity incidences depending on illnesses reported in the register during scheduled visits only. By adjusting for the mother’s BV status, child’s HIV status, sex, feeding status, and weight for age, we used two approaches for analysis. We considered and fitted the traditional generalized estimating (GEE) equations and our proposed skewed generalized estimating equations (SGEE). Overall, we included information on 327 infants. One thousand nine hundred sixty-two repeated measurements were available for analysis. Among the 327 mothers, 148 (45%) tested positive for BV, while 179 (55%) tested negative. We found that BV, gender, and time were associated with multiple health conditions in infants. Infants of women who tested positive for BV, at month 1, had 4.46 higher odds of various health conditions compared to infants of mothers who tested negative. The effects of BV tended to decrease with time, and at 5 months of age, children in the BV group had 1.10 times the odds of experiencing morbidity incidence. In the SGEE model, BV was statistically significant at the 0.05 level with a positive coefficient, indicating that children in the BV group had a higher probability of experiencing multiple morbidities. BV is a significant predictor of infant morbidity because its effects on exposed infants could persist over time. In contrast, the traditional GEE results showed an insignificant positive coefficient. The results indicate the need to factor in the skewness during analysis in case of data transformation, especially when converting from continuous to binary data for parsimony and straightforward interpretation of the effects of covariates. Maternal BV status was positively associated with morbidity incidences, which highlights the need for early intervention for infected women. Accelerated programs promoting access to BV treatment with proper infant handling practices that better deal with emerging multiple health conditions in infants may prove useful in reducing the incidence of infant morbidity in Kenya. Emphasis on care to promote better health for infants during growth is necessary to achieve the MDGs.
Probiotics Supplementation Alleviate Corticosterone-induced Fatty Liver Disease Related With the Changes of Hepatic Lipogenesis and Gut Microbiota Profile in Broiler
Authors: Mei Wenqing , Feng Yuyan , Yao Zhihao , Luo Haonan , Ni Yingdong , Zhao Ruqian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:Emerging evidencesindicate a close relationship between gut microbiotaand fatty liver disease.It has been suggested that gut microbiota modulation with probiotics improved fatty liver disease in rodents and human, yet it still remains unclear in poultry.Results: Ninety six one-day-old green-legged chicken were divided into control group (CON) and probiotic group (PB), respectively. Probiotics were administrated throughdrinking water for two weeks from 1-day-old. At 28 d of age,16 broilers selectedfromCON or PB group randomly, and receivedvehicle(15% ethanol) or CORT(4.0 mg/kg)treatmentdaily viasubcutaneous injection for a week to induce fatty liver. At the end of the experiment, broilers from 4 groups,control group(CON), corticosterone group (CORT), probiotic group (PB), PB plusCORT group(CORT&PB),were slaughtered for sampling and analysis.The results showed that probiotics administration significantly prevented CORT-induced body weight loss(P<0.05), but did not alleviate the reduction of immune organs weight caused by CORT. Compared to CON,broilers in CORT group exhibited a significant increase of triglyceride (TG) levelin both plasma and liver(P< 0.01), as well as severe hepatocytic steatosis and hepatocellular ballooning, and accompanied with the up-regulation of hepatic lipogenesis genes expression. However, probiotics supplementation markedly decreased the intrahepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis histological score, which was associated withthedown-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) mRNA (P< 0.05)as well as it protein (P= 0.06) expression.Cecal microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that CORT treatment induced distinct gut microbiota alterations with a decrease of microbial diversity, and anincrease of proteobacteriaabundance (P<0.05). On the contrary, probiotic supplementation increased the beta diversity and increased community richness and diversity index(P> 0.05), as well as the abundance of Intestinimonas(P<0.05).Conclusion: Our results indicate that CORT treatment induced serious fatty liver disease and altered the gut microbiota composition in broilers, however,probiotics supplementation from post-hatching had a beneficial effect on alleviatingfatty liver disease through regulating lipogenic genes expression and increasing gut microbiota diversity andbeneficial bacteria abundanceimbalance.
Dietary Flaxseed Meal and Chromium: a Nutritional Intervention in Broiler Chicken to Study the Prospective Growth Performance, Tissue Lipid Composition and Metabolism, Health Indices, and Serum Lipid Chemistry
Authors: Mir Nasir Akbar , Tyagi Praveen K. , Begum Jubeda , Dev Kapil , Biswas Avishek , Tyagi Pramod K. , Sharma Divya , Deo Chandra , Mandal A.B. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:Flaxseed in a richest terrestrial source of w-3 fatty acid – alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) which can be incorporated in chicken meat when it is included in chicken ration. ALA can further be acted up on by desaturating enzymes to generate PUFA such as EPA and DHA which increase the health value of chicken meat. However, dietary flaxseed results in concurrent increase in lipid oxidation due higher unsaturation and negative impact on chicken growth performance. These negative effects of flaxseed feeding can be reversed by chromium supplementation in broiler chicken. Thus, this study investigated growth performance and efficiency, lipid composition, lipid metabolism, health indices, and serum lipid chemistry of broiler chicken fed flaxseed meal (FSM) and chromium (Cr).Results:Feeding of 100 g FSM exerted negative effects on the growth performance during starter phase only (0-3 weeks) and overall growth efficiency parameters in broiler chicken, whereas, Cr supplementation reversed these negative effects.100 g FSM reduced abdominal fat in chicken and Cr supplementation linearly decreased it with minimum at 1.5 mg Cr/kg diet.Feeding of 100 g FSM favourably improved the activities of lipid metabolism enzymes which resulted in improved fatty acid profile and health indices of chicken meat.No significant effect of Cr supplementation was observed on lipid metabolism, fatty acid profile, and health indices of chicken meat.100 g FSM decreased serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient, and atherogenic index of plasma, whereas, Cr supplementation decreased these parameters linearly with increasing levels. Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation were increased by FSM, whereas, Cr supplementation linearly decreased them with increasing levels; and inverse trend was observed in serum HDL cholesterol levels.Conclusions: Feeding of 100 g FSM exert negative effects on growth performance of young chicken (0-3 weeks), favourably alter lipid metabolism which results in improved fatty acid profile and health indices of chicken meat. It improves the serum lipid profile and atherogenic indices in broiler chicken, but negatively affects the oxidative stability of lipids. However, Cr supplementation at the rate of 1.5 mg/kg diet successfully overcomes these negative effects of FSM feeding on growth performance and lipid oxidative stability.
In vitro and in vivo protective effect of Lotus seedpod extract against acetaminophen-induced liver injury
Authors: Tseng Hsien-Chun , Hsu Jen ying , Huang Xiao-Yin , Lin Hui-Hsuan , Chen Jing-Hsien 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most widely used analgesic agents while overdose APAP will lead to severe hepatotoxicity. Lotus seedpod, a traditional herbal, is rich in polyphenol and has been shown to possess antioxidant, radioprotective and anti-cancer activities. This study examined the hepatoprotective role of lotus seedpod extracts (LSE) in vitro and in vivo.
Methods

Firstly, LSE or its main compound epigallocatechin (EGC) dose-dependently improved the survival of human hepatocyte HepG2 cells from APAP-induced loss of viability. In vivo study, the BALB/c mice were supplemented with or without LSE (1% and 2%) during the 9-week treatment period in the presence or absence of APAP (i.p.; 400 mg/kg) twice per week.
Results

In vitro study revealed that LSE or EGC showed potential in reducing APAP-induced occurrence of apoptosis confirmed by morphological and biochemical features, including an increase in the distribution of hypodiploid phase, apoptotic bodies formation, and caspases activation. Molecular data showed that antiapoptotic effects of LSE or EGC mediated via intrinsic, extrinsic and ASK 1/JNK apoptotic signaling pathways. Further data showed that LSE inhibited the APAP-induced the protein expression of iNOS to decrease inflammation. In vivo study showed that LSE treatments significantly decreased the serum levels of the hepatic enzyme markers GOT and GPT induced by APAP. LSE also inhibited the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) during APAP treatment. LSE at 1% significantly restored the decrease in glutathione (GSH) content and elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase and glutathione reductase (GRd), in the liver. Western blotting data demonstrated that LSE inhibited the expression of caspase − 3, -8, -9 in APAP-induced liver injury.
Conclusions

LSE protected APAP-induced hepatotoxicity which could be a novo strategy for treatment.
High rate biological contactor system using waste activated sludge from trickling filter/solids contact process
Authors: Wong Tiow Ping , Babcock Roger W. , Hu Bing , Schneider Joachim , Milan Sheldon 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A high-rate biological contactor process (HRBC) can be used as primary treatment instead of a clarifier to remove particulate, colloidal and soluble fractions of organic matter via biosorption plus flotation and divert it to anaerobic digestion for methane production, simultaneously reducing secondary aeration energy demand. Pilot and bench tests were conducted at a range of contact times (15–60 min) and contactor dissolved oxygen (DO) (0.2–2.0 mg/L) using waste activated sludge (WAS) from a trickling filter/solids contact (TF/SC) process in the HRBC. Biosorption performance was lowest when contact times were &lt;30 min and unstable at DO &lt; 0.5 mg/L. The overall average of 20% sCOD capture was similar to previous findings by others using WAS from conventional AS. The biomethane potential (BMP) of the HRBC float material can be as high as that of primary sludge (340–400 mL CH4/g VS), which is much greater than WAS. Operating the HRBC with a long contact time (&gt;30 min) or with high DO (&gt;1 mg/L) increases the amount of biosorption but reduces the BMP of the float. It was also found that biosorption only effectively occurs when a WAS is paired with the wastewater from the same facility.
Advent of Proteomic Tools for Diagnostic Biomarker Analysis in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Singh Manisha , Singh Surinder P. , Dubey P.K. , Rachana R , Mani Shalini , Yadav Deepshikha , Agarwal Mugdha , Agarwal Shriya , Agarwal Vinayak , Kaur Harleen 
Published: June 2020

:
Locating remedies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been majorly restricted by the inefficiency
to establish a definitive detection model for early-stage diagnosis of pathological events. This
current lapse in AD diagnosis also limits the therapeutic efficiency of the drugs, which might have
been effective if given at the earlier stages of the disease. The indicated situation directs towards the
burgeoned need for an effective biomarker technique that will help in early detection of AD and would
be imminently useful to facilitate improved diagnosis and stimulate therapeutic trials. Till date, the
major biomarkers, specifically associated with AD detection, may help in determining the early-stage
AD diagnosis and identifying alterations in the cellular proteome, offering deeper insight into disease
etiology. Currently existing multidisciplinary clinical diagnosis of AD is a very tedious, expensive
procedure and requires highly trained and skilled professionals who are rarely available outside the
specialty clinics. Mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) or Presenilin 1 and 2 (PSEN1 and
PSEN2) are some biomarkers acting as critical checkpoints for AD diagnosis. However, the presence
of some associated biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) such as total-Tau (tTau), phosphorylated-
Tau (pTau) 181 and Amyloid-β (Aβ) 1-42 using structural or functional imaging techniques is considered
for confirmatory diagnosis of AD. Furthermore, the molecular diagnosis of AD incorporates various
sophisticated techniques including immuno-sensing, machine learning, nano conjugation-based
detections, etc. In the current review description, we have summarized the various diagnostic approaches
and their relevance in mitigating the long-standing urgency of targeted diagnostic tools for
detection of AD.
Primary Hypertriglyceridemia: A Look Back on the Clinical Classification and Genetics of the Disease
Authors: Musambil Mohthash , Al-Rubeaan Khalid , Al-Qasim Sara , Al Naqeb Dhekra , Al-Soghayer Abdulrahman 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is one of the most common metabolic disorders
leading to pancreatitis and cardiovascular disease. HTG develops mostly due to impaired metabolism of
triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Although monogenic types of HTG exist, most reported cases are polygenic
in nature.

Aim:
This review article is focused on the classification of Primary HTG and the genetic factors behind
its development with the aim of providing clinicians a useful tool for early detection of the disease in
order to administer proper and effective treatment.

Discussion:
HTG is often characterized by a complex phenotype resulting from interactions between
genetic and environmental factors. In many instances, the complexity, perplexing causes, and classification
of HTG make it difficult for clinicians to properly diagnose and manage the disorder. Better
availability of information on its pathophysiology, genetic factors involved, environmental causes, and
their interactions could help in understanding such complex disorders and could support its effective
diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusion:
The current review has summarized the case definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology,
clinical presentation, classification, associated genetic factors, and scope of genetic screening in the diagnosis
of primary HTG.
Essential Oil and Hydrosol Extract Chemical Composition, Phytochemicals of Algerian Rhus pentaphylla Desf. and its Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Benmansour Nassima , Allal Asma , Selles Chaouki , Tabti Boufeldja , Muselli Alain 
Published: June 2020

Background:Rhus pentaphylla Desf. (Anacardiaceae) widely grown in Algeria, is an underutilized plant and remains poorly studied. To investigate for the first time, the chemical composition profile of essential oil and hydrosol extract; besides Total Phenolic (TPC), Flavonoid (TFC) and Condensed Tannins Contents (CTC) of fruits, leaves and roots, the fatty acid composition was assessed. The radical scavenging activity of R. pentaphylla extracts was then evaluated.Methods:Essential oil and hydrosol extract were isolated respectively by hydrodistillation and liquidliquid- extraction from the aerial parts of R. pentaphylla. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Chemical compositions of various extracts were investigated using Gas Chromatography (GC) and GC-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).Results:The results of GC and GC-MS analysis revealed 83 components in essential oil and 75 components in hydrosol extract representing respectively 96.9% and 92.5% of the total extract composition. The main constituents were hexadecanoic acid (31.5%) followed by spathulenol (14.9%) in the oil while the higher amount present in the hydrosol extract was of spathulenol (14.2%). Otherwise, 13 and 18 fatty acids were identified in roots and fruits respectively. The highest levels of TPC and CTC were found in roots extracts while the highest quantity of TFC has been recorded in the leaves extract. Besides, hydrosol extract was able to scavenge DPPH and FRAP free radicals more efficiently than essential oil.Conclusion:R. pentaphylla contains bioactive substances that could be used as a new promising source of antioxidant compounds in different applications.