bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The characteristics and spatial distributions of prostate cancer in autopsy specimens
Authors: Zhou Yi , Mai Zhipeng , Yan Weigang , Chen Yuliang , Zhou Zhien , Xiao Yu , Wang Wenze , Shang Zhiyuan , Yuan Runqiang , Ji Zhigang , Li Hanzhong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe characteristics of prostate cancer on autopsy and early‐stage prostate cancer are identical. Using autopsy specimens, we analysed prostate cancer characteristics and clarified the spatial distributions of lesions.MethodWe obtained prostate specimens from Chinese donors without a prostate cancer diagnosis and analyzed prostate cancer pathological characteristics on autopsy by whole‐mount sampling. We determined the distributions of lesions in horizontal and vertical dimensions. The horizontal dimension included four horizontal quadrants (left‐anterior, left‐posterior, right‐anterior, and right‐posterior quadrants), the peripheral zone, and the transition zone.ResultThe overall positive rate of prostate cancer among 113 specimens was 35.4%. There were 73 lesions in 40 prostates with prostate cancer. The positive rates of lesions in the left‐anterior, left‐posterior, right‐anterior, and right‐posterior quadrants were 24.7% (18/73), 27.4% (20/73), 26.0% (19/73), and 21.9% (16/73), respectively. The positive rate of prostate cancer was 74% in the areas between the apex above 0.5–0.8 cm and the middle slice. There were 22 (30.1%) and 51 (69.9%) lesions in the superior and inferior half of the prostate. There were no significant differences in the median volume and Gleason grade group between the superior and inferior half (p = .876 and p = .228).ConclusionIn the horizontal dimension, the positive rate of prostate cancer was consistent in the four quadrants. Prostate cancer mainly originated from the areas between the apex above 0.5–0.8 cm and the middle slice. Compared with the superior half, the inferior half of the prostate had a higher positive rate but the same lesion characteristics.
NR1I2 genetic polymorphisms and the risk of anti‐tuberculosis drug‐induced hepatotoxicity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Miaomiao , Qiu Yunliang , Jin Yanyu , Liu Wenpei , Wang Qingliang , Yi Honggang , Tang Shaowen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnti‐tuberculosis drug‐induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH) is a serious adverse drug reaction. Conflicting results have been obtained regarding the associations of nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (NR1I2) gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to ATDH. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the associations using a systematic review/meta‐analysis approach. PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and SinoMed databases were searched for all eligible studies from inception to June 10, 2020. Pooled adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to evaluate the strength of the association between the NR1I2 polymorphisms and the risk of ATDH. Subgroup analysis was performed by region of origin, and meta‐regression were performed to detect potential sources of heterogeneity. A total of five case‐control studies involving 572 cases and 1867 controls were identified. Fourteen SNPs in the NR1I2 gene have been reported, and the most heavily studied SNPs were rs3814055 and rs7643645. The pooled estimates did not exhibit any significant associations between SNPs rs3814055 and rs7643645 and the risk of ATDH (rs3814055: dominant model, OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.82‐1.22, P = 1.00; recessive model, OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.76‐1.78, P = .48; rs7643645: dominant model, OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.64‐1.68, P = .89; recessive model, OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.65‐1.49, P = .93). Subgroup analysis obtained similar negative results in Chinese patients, and the diagnostic criteria of ATDH may be the source of heterogeneity. Based on the meta‐analysis described in this report, we did not observe any association between NR1I2 gene polymorphisms and ATDH susceptibility. However, this conclusion should be interpreted with caution due to the low number of studies and the relatively small sample size.
A class of goodness‐of‐fit test for the additive hazards model with case‐cohort data
Authors: Cao Yongxiu , Yu Jichang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe case‐cohort design is commonly used in epidemiological studies due to its cost‐effectiveness. The additive hazards model is widely used in survival analysis when the hazards difference is constant. In this article, we propose a class of goodness‐of‐fit test statistics for the assumption of the additive hazards model with case‐cohort data through a class of asymptotically mean‐zero multiparameter stochastic processes. We also establish the asymptotic theory of the proposed test statistics and a resampling scheme is adopted to approximate its asymptotic distribution. The performance of the proposed test statistics is evaluated through simulation studies and a real dataset is analyzed to illustrate the proposed method.
One‐dimensional maximum‐likelihood estimation for spaceborne precipitation radar data assimilation
Authors: Ikuta Yasutaka , Okamoto Kozo , Kubota Takuji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpaceborne precipitation radar such as Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)/dual‐frequency precipitation radar (DPR) provides valuable observations of precipitation systems in three dimensions. Assimilation of GPM/DPR data is becoming an important technique for improving the accuracy of forecasting to complement scarce ground‐based observations. This study presents a new, one‐dimensional maximum‐likelihood estimation (1D‐MLE) method developed by the authors that enables the estimation of relative humidity profiles according to a non‐Gaussian probability density function. By assimilating the estimated relative humidity profiles using a four‐dimensional variational (4D‐Var) method, mesoscale precipitation forecasts by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) have been considerably improved. The displacement of forecast precipitation during a severe weather event, in particular, is improved significantly. It was found that forecasting accuracy was maintained for a narrow GPM/DPR swath and low revisit frequency by repeating the assimilation–forecast cycle. Since the effectiveness was confirmed, the JMA began assimilating GPM/DPR data using the 1D‐MLE approach from March 2016.
The Weibull log‐logistic mixture distributions: Model, theory and application to lifetime data
Authors: Rachid Azzaz , Naima Boudrissa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLifetime data collected from reliability tests are among data that often exhibit significant heterogeneity caused by variations in manufacturing, which makes standard lifetime models inadequate. Finite mixture models provide more flexibility for modeling such data. In this paper, the Weibull‐log‐logistic mixture distributions model is introduced as a new class of flexible models for heterogeneous lifetime data. Some statistical properties of the model are presented including the failure rate function, moments generating function, and characteristic function. The identifiability property of the class of all finite mixtures of Weibull‐log‐logistic distributions is proved. The maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of model parameters under the Type I and Type II censoring schemes is derived. Some numerical illustrations are performed to study the behavior of the obtained estimators. The model is applied to the hard drive failure data made by the Backblaze data center, where it is found that the proposed model provides more flexibility than the univariate life distributions (Weibull, Exponential, logistic, log‐logistic, Frechet). The failure rate of hard disk drives (HDDs) is obtained based on MLE estimates. The analysis of the failure rate function on the basis of SMART attributes shows that the failure of HDDs can have different causes and mechanisms.
New Genuinely Multipartite Entanglement
Authors: Luo Ming‐Xing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe quantum entanglement as one of the important resources has been verified by using different local models. There is no efficient method to verify single multipartite entanglement that is not generated by multisource quantum networks with local operations and shared randomness. The goal in this work is to solve this problem. First, a new local model is proposed for describing all the states that can be generated by using distributed entangled states and shared randomness without classical communication. This model is stronger than the biseparable model and implies new genuinely multipartite entanglement. With the present local model it is proved that all the permutationally symmetric entangled pure states are new genuinely multipartite entanglement. It is further proved that the new feature holds for all the multipartite entangled pure states in the biseparable model with the dimensions of local systems being not larger than three. The new multipartite entanglement is also robust against general noises. Finally, a simple Bell inequality is provided to verify new genuinely multipartite entangled pure qubit states in the present model. The results show new insight into featuring the genuinely multipartite entanglement in the distributive scenarios.
Beware of effects on isotopes of dissolved oxygen during storage of natural iron‐rich water samples: A technical note
Authors: Köhler Inga , Piatka David , Barth Johannes A.C. , Martinez Raul E. 
Published: December 2020

RationaleInvestigations of the isotope ratios of dissolved oxygen (δ18ODO) provide valuable information about the oxygen cycle in aquatic systems. However, oxidation of Fe(II) may change pristine δ18ODO values during storage and can lead to a misinterpretation. We sampled an Fe(II)‐rich spring system and measured δ18ODO values at various time intervals in order to determine influences of Fe‐oxidation.MethodsWater samples were collected from an Fe‐rich spring and related stream and the δ18ODO values were measured in fresh, 4‐ and 13‐day‐old samples with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Three replicates were measured for each sample with a 1σ of ± 0.2‰. On‐site parameters and Fe(II) contents were also measured over the course of the spring system by multi‐parameter probes and spectrophotometry.ResultsThe δ18ODO values over the course of the spring system in fresh, 4‐ and 13‐day‐old samples revealed differences of up to 8‰. We explain this increase by the consumption of DO by Fe(II)‐oxidation. After a flow length of 85 m the differences in δ18ODO values between fresh and older samples decreased because most of the Fe(II) was consumed.ConclusionsFalse interpretations of δ18ODO values are possible if Fe‐rich water samples are measured after too long storage, and we recommend measurement immediately after sampling.
Scedosporium apiospermum lung disease in a patient with nontuberculous mycobacteria
Authors: Ogata Hiroaki , Harada Eiji , Okamoto Isamu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough tuberculosis is a major underlying cause of pulmonary mycetoma due to Scedosporium apiospermum, little is known about coinfection with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and S. apiospermum. A 67‐year‐old man with NTM presented with recurrent haemoptysis. Computed tomography of the chest revealed pulmonary mycetoma in the left upper lobe of the lung, and culture of bronchial washing fluid yielded S. apiospermum. Oral voriconazole therapy ameliorated both haemoptysis and mycetoma findings. As far as we are aware, this is the first reported case of S. apiospermum lung disease in a patient with NTM but without tuberculosis. The possibility of S. apiospermum infection should thus be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary mycetoma. Although S. apiospermum mycetoma resembles aspergilloma, antifungal strategies for these two conditions differ, with the collection of culture specimens such as by bronchoscopy being compulsory for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of S. apiospermum infection.
A note on marginal correlation based screening
Authors: Wang Run , Dutta Somak , Roy Vivekananda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIndependence screening methods such as the two‐samplet‐test and the marginal correlation based ranking are among the most widely used techniques for variable selection in ultrahigh‐dimensional data sets. In this short note, simple examples are used to demonstrate potential problems with the independence screening methods in the presence of correlated predictors. Also, an example is considered where all important variables are independent among themselves and all but one important variables are independent with the unimportant variables. Furthermore, a real data example from a genome‐wide association study is used to illustrate inferior performance of marginal correlation screening compared to another screening method.
Extreme ensemble of extreme learning machines
Authors: Mansoori Eghbal G. , Sara Massar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExtreme learning machine (ELM) has attracted attentions in pattern classification problems due to its preferences in low computations and high generalization. To overcome its drawbacks, caused by the randomness of input weights and biases, the ensemble of ELMs was proposed. The diversity of ELMs forming the ensemble was studied broadly in the literature, via using different activation functions and/or different number of hidden neurons. However, less attention was paid to aggregation mechanism in ensemble of ELMs. To speed up this aggregation process, we propose an ensemble framework for ELMs, called extreme ensemble of ELMs (EEoELMs) because of its extreme speed in ensemble process. In this framework, the input weights of each ELM are randomly pre‐assigned as usual. The ELMs make use of the same/distinct activation functions to increase the diversity of classifiers and so the generalization of ensemble. The output weights of each ELM are set using Moore–Penrose inverse method. However, the aggregation mechanism in EEoELM is novel. Instead of using majority/weighted voting on the prediction results of ELMs, their output neurons are combined in a new decision/ensemble layer. The output of this layer determines the ensemble output. As the weights of this decision layer are also computed using Moore–Penrose inverse method, the ensemble is extremely fast. Experimental results on synthetic and real‐world datasets indicate the acceptable classification performance of EEoELM in much less computational efforts.
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization of 16S rRNA in Escherichia coli Using Multiple Photo‐Cross‐Linkable Probes
Authors: Fujimoto Kenzo , Watanabe Nanami 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRNA forms various secondary structures depending on its sequence in cells; the influence of secondary structures must be considered when detecting, regulating, or manipulating RNA. In this study, we utilized the cooperativity of multiple photo‐cross‐linkable assistant probes to evaluate photo‐cross‐linking for RNAs with complex secondary structures. We succeeded in increasing the fluorescence intensity 39.9 times in the region where detection was difficult owing to the formation of a complex secondary structure in the conventional fluorescence in situ hybridization method. This method enables the detection, regulation, and manipulation of RNA that forms various structures depending on the sequence.
Copper Tetracyanoquinodimethane: From Micro/Nanostructures to Applications
Authors: Zheng Yingshuang , Li Jie , Ji Deyang , Dong Huanli , Li Liqiang , Fuchs Harald , Hu Wenping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCopper tetracyanoquinodimethane (CuTCNQ) has been investigated around 40 years as a representative bistable material. Meanwhile, micro/nanostructures of CuTCNQ is considered as the prototype of molecular electronics, which have attracted the world's attention and shown great potential applications in nanoelectronics. In this review, methods for synthesis of CuTCNQ micro/nanostructures are first summarized briefly. Then, the strategies for controlling morphologies and sizes of CuTCNQ micro/nanostructures are highlighted. Afterwards, the devices based on these micro/nanostructures are reviewed. Finally, an outlook of future research directions and challenges in this area is presented.
Near‐Field Nanoscopic Terahertz Imaging of Single Proteins
Authors: Yang Zhongbo , Tang Dongyun , Hu Jiao , Tang Mingjie , Zhang Mingkun , Cui Hong‐Liang , Wang Lihua , Chang Chao , Fan Chunhai , Li Jiang , Wang Huabin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTerahertz (THz) biological imaging has attracted intense attention due to its capability of acquiring physicochemical information in a label‐free, noninvasive, and nonionizing manner. However, extending THz imaging to the single‐molecule level remains a challenge, partly due to the weak THz reflectivity of biomolecules with low dielectric constants. Here, the development of graphene‐mediated THz scattering‐type scanning near‐field optical microscope for direct imaging of single proteins is reported. Importantly, it is found that a graphene substrate with high THz reflectivity and atomic flatness can provide high THz contrast against the protein molecules. In addition, a platinum probe with an optimized shaft length is found enabling the enhancement of the amplitude of the scattered THz near‐field signals. By coupling these effects, the topographical and THz scattering images of individual immunoglobulin G (IgG) and ferritin molecules with the size of a few nanometers are obtained, simultaneously. The demonstrated strategy thus opens new routes to imaging single biomolecules with THz.
Water reforms in Brazil: Challenges and opportunities for promoting water security in a continental‐sized country
Authors: Cunha Libanio Paulo Augusto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBrazil's legal and institutional framework for water resources management has recently undergone significant reforms that have reshaped the landscape of Brazil's national and subnational water governance systems in the next years. This paper examines the prospects for water security in the context of these water reforms, considering different water security dimensions. The results of national surveys, studies, plans, and federal programs developed over the last years reveal the necessity of casting the “water security envelope” wide enough to include concerns about water conservation and water governance in Brazil.
Top-induced contributions to H → $$ b\overline{b} $$ and H → $$ c\overline{c} $$ at $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^3\right) $$
Authors: Mondini Roberto , Schubert Ulrich , Williams Ciaran 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper we present a fully-differential calculation for the contributions to the partial widthsH →$$ b\overline{b} $$bb¯andH →$$ c\overline{c} $$cc¯that are sensitive to the top quark Yukawa couplingytto order$$ {\alpha}_s^3 $$αs3. These contributions first enter at order$$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$αs2through terms proportional toytyq(q=b, c). At order$$ {\alpha}_s^3 $$αs3corrections to the mixed terms are present as well as a new contribution proportional to$$ {y}_t^2 $$yt2. Our results retain the mass of the final-state quarks throughout, while the top quark is integrated out resulting in an effective field theory (EFT). Our results are implemented into a Monte Carlo code allowing for the application of arbitrary final-state selection cuts. As an example we present differential distributions for observables in the Higgs boson rest frame using the Durham jet clustering algorithm. We find that the total impact of the top-induced (i.e. EFT) pieces is sensitive to the nature of the final-state cuts, particularlyb-tagging andc-tagging requirements. For bottom quarks, the EFT pieces contribute to the total width (and differential distributions) at around the percent level. The impact is much bigger for theH →$$ c\overline{c} $$cc¯channel, with effects as large as 15%. We show however that their impact can be significantly reduced by the application of jet-tagging selection cuts.
MS renormalization of S-wave quarkonium wavefunctions at the origin
Authors: Chung Hee Sok 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe computeS-wave quarkonium wavefunctions at the origin in the$$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$MS¯scheme based on nonrelativistic effective field theories. We include the effects of nonperturbative long-distance behaviors of the potentials, while we determine the short-distance behaviors of the potentials in perturbative QCD. We obtain$$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$MS¯-renormalized quarkonium wavefunctions at the origin that have the correct scale dependences that are expected from perturbative QCD, so that the scale dependences cancel in physical quantities. Based on the calculation of the wavefunctions at the origin, we make model-independent predictions of decay constants and electromagnetic decay rates ofS-wave charmonia and bottomonia, and compare them with measurements. We find that the poor convergence of perturbative QCD corrections are substantially improved when we include corrections to the wavefunctions at the origin in the calculation of decay constants and decay rates.
High-dimensional sphere packing and the modular bootstrap
Authors: Afkhami-Jeddi Nima , Cohn Henry , Hartman Thomas , de Laat David , Tajdini Amirhossein 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We carry out a numerical study of the spinless modular bootstrap for conformal field theories with current algebra U(1)c× U(1)c, or equivalently the linear programming bound for sphere packing in 2c dimensions. We give a more detailed picture of the behavior for finite c than was previously available, and we extrapolate as c → ∞. Our extrapolation indicates an exponential improvement for sphere packing density bounds in high dimen- sions. Furthermore, we study when these bounds can be tight. Besides the known cases c = 1/2, 4, and 12 and the conjectured case c = 1, our calculations numerically rule out sharp bounds for all other c < 90, by combining the modular bootstrap with linear programming bounds for spherical codes.
Current and future neutrino oscillation constraints on leptonic unitarity
Authors: Ellis Sebastian A. R. , Kelly Kevin J. , Li Shirley Weishi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe unitarity of the lepton mixing matrix is a critical assumption underlying the standard neutrino-mixing paradigm. However, many models seeking to explain the as-yet-unknown origin of neutrino masses predict deviations from unitarity in the mixing of the active neutrino states. Motivated by the prospect that future experiments may provide a precise measurement of the lepton mixing matrix, we revisit current constraints on unitarity violation from oscillation measurements and project how next-generation experiments will improve our current knowledge. With the next-generation data, the normalizations of all rows and columns of the lepton mixing matrix will be constrained to ≲10% precision, with thee-row best measured at ≲1% and theτ-row worst measured at∼10% precision. The measurements of the mixing matrix elements themselves will be improved on average by a factor of 3. We highlight the complementarity of DUNE, T2HK, JUNO, and IceCube Upgrade for these improvements, as well as the importance ofντappearance measurements and sterile neutrino searches for tests of leptonic unitarity.