bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating sexual health in sex workers and men who have sex with men: the SMESH cross-sectional protocol study
Authors: Wendland Eliana Marcia , Bessel Marina , Comerlato Juliana , Horvath Jaqueline Driemeyer Correia , Falcetta Frederico , Mendes Pereira Gerson Fernando , de Souza Flávia Moreno Alves , Domingues Carla , Maranhão Ana Goretti Kalume , Kops Natalia Luiza 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, and vaginal and anal sex are the most common transmission routes. Sex workers and men who have sex with men (MSM) are more exposed to the virus, and therefore, a higher frequency of this infection would be expected. The prevalence of HPV infection types and the forms and factors of transmission must be investigated to control infection-related outcomes. This protocol study will be the first nationwide study with a uniform methodology to evaluate HPV prevalence of and infection types among sex workers and MSM in Brazil.Methods and analysisThis multicentre cross-sectional study will be conducted with a respondent-driven sampling method to recruit 1174 sex workers and 1198 MSM from all regions of Brazil. The study will consist of preliminary interviews to verify the eligibility criteria and characterise the network size as well as a second questionnaire to obtain sociodemographic, behavioural and sexual information. Specimens from the oral cavity and anal and cervical or penile/scrotal sites will be collected. All HPV samples will be processed in a certified central laboratory. Other sexually transmitted infections will be evaluated by interview and by rapid testing for HIV and syphilis. Strict quality control will be conducted using different procedures, including the training and certification of the health professionals responsible for acquiring data and monitoring visits.Ethics and disseminationThe project was approved by the research ethics committee of the main institution and the corresponding ethics committees of the recruitment sites. Due to the literature gap on the sexual health of sex workers and MSM and the intense stigma surrounding these populations, a critical analysis of the study results will contribute to epidemiological knowledge and will be useful for the development of strategies against virus morbidities.
Use of touch screen tablets to support social connections and reduce responsive behaviours among people with dementia in care settings: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Hung Lillian , Berndt Annette , Wallsworth Christine , Horne Neil , Gregorio Mario , Mann Jim , Son Cathy , Camps Ainsley , Chow Bryan , O'Neill Ryan , Chaudhury Habib 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionThe disabilities associated with dementia make the adjustment to staying in a care setting stressful. Separation from family can exacerbate the effects of stress. The use of touch screen tablets such as an iPad may offer potential to support the person with dementia staying in a care setting. Although electronic devices are used among people with dementia for a variety of purposes, a comprehensive review of studies focusing on their impact in care settings for social connection and patient/resident behaviour is lacking. This scoping review will focus on the use of touch screen tablets to support social connections and reducing responsive behaviours of people with dementia while in a care setting, such as a hospital ward.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will follow Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology. The review team consists of two patient partners and three family partners, a nurse researcher, a research assistant and an academic professor. All authors including patient and family partners were involved in preparing this scoping review protocol. In the scoping review, we will search the following databases: MEDLINE, AgeLine, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO and IEEE. Google and Google Scholar will be used to search for additional literature. A hand search will be conducted using the reference lists of included studies to identify additional relevant articles. Included studies must report on the impact of using a touch screen technology intervention that involves older adults with dementia in care settings, published in English since 2009.Ethics and disseminationThis review study does not require ethics approval. By examining the current state of using touch screen tablets to support older people with dementia in care settings, this scoping review can offer useful insight into users’ needs (eg, patients’ and care providers’ needs) and inform future research and practice. We will share the scoping review results through conference presentations and an open access publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
Impact of economic recessions on healthcare workers and their crises’ responses: study protocol for a systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative evidence for the development of an evidence-based conceptual framework
Authors: Jesus Tiago Silva , Kondilis Elias , Filippon Jonathan , Russo Giuliano 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionDuring economic recessions, health professionals face reduced income and labour opportunities, hard conditions often exacerbated by governments’ policy responses to crises. Growing evidence points to non-negligible effects on national health workforces and health systems—decrease in motivation, burnout, migration—arising from the combination of crisis-related factors. However, no theoretical conceptualisation currently exists framing the impacts recessions have on human resources for health (HRH), or on their reactions.Methods and analysisThis paper lays out a protocol for a systematic review of the existing qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method evidence on the economic recessions and HRH; results from the review will be used to develop a conceptual framework linking existing theories on recessions, austerity measures, health systems and population health, with a view of informing future health policies. Eight relevant databases within the health, health systems, multidisciplinary and economic literature will be searched, complemented by secondary searches and experts’ input. Eligible studies will present primary quantitative or qualitative evidence on HRH impacts, or original secondary analyses. We will cover the 1970–2019 period—the modern age of global economic recessions—and full texts in English, Spanish, Italian, French, Portuguese or Greek. Two reviewers will independently assess, perform data extraction and conduct quality appraisal of the texts identified. A ‘best-fit’ framework synthesis will be applied to summarise the findings, using an a priori, theoretically driven framework. That preliminary framework was built by the research team to inform the searches, and will be appraised by external experts.Ethics and disseminationIn addition to peer-reviewed publications, the new framework will be presented in global health systems research conferences and inform regional policy dialogue workshops in Latin America on economic recessions and health systems.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019134165.
Which urban land covers/uses are associated with residents’ mortality? A cross-sectional, ecological, pan-European study of 233 cities
Authors: Olsen Jonathan R , Nicholls Natalie , Moon Graham , Pearce Jamie , Shortt Niamh , Mitchell Richard 
Published: November 2019

​ObjectivesThe study aim was to determine whether the range and distribution of all, and proportions of specific, land covers/uses within European cities are associated with city-specific mortality rates.​Setting233 European cities within 24 countries.​ParticipantsAggregated city-level all-cause and age-group standardised mortality ratio for males and females separately and Western or Eastern European Region.​ResultsThe proportion of specific land covers/uses within a city was related to mortality, displaying differences by macroregion and sex. The land covers/uses associated with lower standardised mortality ratio (SMR) for both Western and Eastern European cities were those characterised by ‘natural’ green space, such as forests and semi-natural areas (Western Female coefficient: −18.3, 95% CI −29.8 to −6.9). Dense housing was related to a higher SMR, most prominently in Western European cities (Western Female coefficient: 17.4, 95% CI 9.6 to 25.2).​ConclusionsThere is pressure to build on urban natural spaces, both for economic gain and because compact cities are regarded as more sustainable, yet here we offer evidence that doing so may detract from residents’ health. Our study suggests that urban planners and developers need to regard retaining more wild and unstructured green space as important for healthy city systems.
Effect of workflow metrics on clinical outcomes of low diffusion-weighted imaging Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (DWI-ASPECTS) patients subjected to mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Panni Pietro , Michelozzi Caterina , Richard Sébastien , Marnat Gaultier , Blanc Raphaël , Consoli Arturo , Mazighi Mikael , Piotin Michel , Dargazanli Cyril , Arquizane Caroline , Sibon Igor , Anxionnat René , Hossu Gabriela , Bourcier Romain , Anadani Mohammad , Lapergue Bertrand , Gory Benjamin 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundAlthough accumulating evidence has demonstrated the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with low Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS), it is still unclear how workflow metrics impact the clinical outcomes of this subgroup of patients.MethodsPatients with acute stroke and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) ASPECTS ≤5 at baseline, who underwent MT within 6 hours of symptoms onset, were included from a prospectively maintained national multicentric registry between January 1, 2012 to August 31, 2017. The degree of disability was assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days. The primary outcome was functional independence defined as mRS 0 to 2 at 90 days.ResultsThe study included 291 patients with baseline DWI-ASPECTS ≤5. Good outcome was achieved in 82 (28.2%) patients, and 104 (35.7%) patients died within 90 days. Successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 2b-3) rate was 75.3%, and median onset to recanalization (OTR) time was 2 268min. Among time-related variables, OTR emerged as the strongest predictor of primary outcome (adjusted OR for every 60 min 0.59, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.77; p<0.001). mTICI 2c-3 independently predicted a good outcome (adjusted OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.004 to 3.6; p=0.049) along with age and baseline DWI-ASPECTS. Recanalization status failed to significantly impact outcome in the DWI-ASPECTS 0–3 subpopulation.ConclusionsNear complete reperfusion (mTICI 2c-3) and OTR are the strongest modifiable outcome predictors in patients with DWI-ASPECTS≤5 treated with MT.
Casimir wormholes
Authors: Garattini Remo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCasimir energy is always indicated as a potential source to generate a traversable wormhole. It is also used to prove the existence of negative energy which can be built in the laboratory. However, in the scientific literature there is no trace of the consequences on the traversable wormhole itself. In this work, we would like to consider such a source to see if and which kind of traversable wormhole can be produced. In a further analysis, we examine also the consequences of quantum weak energy conditions on the traversability of the wormhole. We find agreement with the original Casimir traversable wormhole. Nevertheless, despite the traversability result, one finds once again that the traversability is only in principle but not in practice.
Eye position signals in the dorsal pulvinar during fixation and goal-directed saccades
Authors: Schneider Lukas , Dominguez-Vargas Adan-Ulises , Gibson Lydia , Kagan Igor , Wilke Melanie 
Published: November 2019

Sensorimotor cortical areas contain eye position information thought to ensure perceptual stability across saccades and underlie spatial transformations supporting goal-directed actions. One pathway by which eye position signals could be relayed to and across cortical areas is via the dorsal pulvinar. Several studies have demonstrated saccade-related activity in the dorsal pulvinar, and we have recently shown that many neurons exhibit postsaccadic spatial preference. In addition, dorsal pulvinar lesions lead to gaze-holding deficits expressed as nystagmus or ipsilesional gaze bias, prompting us to investigate the effects of eye position. We tested three starting eye positions (−15°, 0°, 15°) in monkeys performing a visually cued memory saccade task. We found two main types of gaze dependence. First, ~50% of neurons showed dependence on static gaze direction during initial and postsaccadic fixation, and might be signaling the position of the eyes in the orbit or coding foveal targets in a head/body/world-centered reference frame. The population-derived eye position signal lagged behind the saccade. Second, many neurons showed a combination of eye-centered and gaze-dependent modulation of visual, memory, and saccadic responses to a peripheral target. A small subset showed effects consistent with eye position-dependent gain modulation. Analysis of reference frames across task epochs from visual cue to postsaccadic fixation indicated a transition from predominantly eye-centered encoding to representation of final gaze or foveated locations in nonretinocentric coordinates. These results show that dorsal pulvinar neurons carry information about eye position, which could contribute to steady gaze during postural changes and to reference frame transformations for visually guided eye and limb movements. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Work on the pulvinar focused on eye-centered visuospatial representations, but position of the eyes in the orbit is also an important factor that needs to be taken into account during spatial orienting and goal-directed reaching. We show that dorsal pulvinar neurons are influenced by eye position. Gaze direction modulated ongoing firing during stable fixation, as well as visual and saccade responses to peripheral targets, suggesting involvement of the dorsal pulvinar in spatial coordinate transformations.
Alterations in sleep, sleep spindle, and EEG power in mGluR5 knockout mice
Authors: Aguilar David D. , Strecker Robert E. , Basheer Radhika , McNally James M. 
Published: November 2019

The type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5) represents a novel therapeutic target for schizophrenia and other disorders. Schizophrenia is associated with progressive abnormalities in cortical oscillatory processes including reduced spindles (8–15 Hz) during sleep and increased delta (0.5–4 Hz)- and gamma-band activity (30–80 Hz) during wakefulness. mGluR5 knockout (KO) mice demonstrate many schizophrenia-like behaviors, including abnormal sleep. To examine the effects of mGluR5 on the maintenance of the neocortical circuitry responsible for such neural oscillations, we analyzed sleep/wake electroencephalographic (EEG) activity of mGluR5 KO mice at baseline, after 6 h of sleep deprivation, and during a visual method of cortical entrainment (visual steady state response). We hypothesized mGluR5-KO mice would exhibit translationally relevant abnormalities in sleep and neural oscillations that mimic schizophrenia. Power spectral and spindle density analyses were performed across 24-h EEG recordings in mGluR5-KO mice and wild-type (WT) controls. Novel findings in mGluR5 KO mice include deficits in sleep spindle density, wake alpha power, and 40-Hz visual task-evoked gamma power and phase locking. Sigma power (10–15 Hz), an approximation of spindle activity, was also reduced during non-rapid eye movement sleep transitions. Our observations on abnormal sleep/wake are generally in agreement with previous reports, although we did not replicate changes in rapid eye movement sleep. The timing of these phenotypes may suggest an impaired circadian process in mGluR5 KO mice. In conclusion, EEG phenotypes in mGluR5 KO mice resemble deficits observed in patients with schizophrenia. These findings implicate mGluR5-mediated pathways in several translationally relevant phenotypes associated with schizophrenia, and suggest that agents targeting this receptor may have harmful consequences on sleep health and daily patterns of EEG power. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) knockout (KO) mice show several translationally relevant abnormalities in neural oscillatory activity associated with schizophrenia. These include deficits in sleep spindle density, sigma and alpha power, and 40-Hz task-evoked gamma power. The timing of these phenotypes suggests an impaired circadian process in these mice. Previously reported rapid eye movement sleep deficits in this model were not observed. These findings suggest mGluR5-enhancing drugs may improve sleep stability and sleep spindle density, which could impact memory and cognition.
Shared Genetic Etiology of Obesity-Related Traits and Barrett's Esophagus/Adenocarcinoma: Insights from Genome-Wide Association Studies
Authors: Böhmer Anne C. , Hecker Julian , Schröder Julia , Gharahkhani Puya , May Andrea , Gerges Christian , Anders Mario , Becker Jessica , Hess Timo , Kreuser Nicole , Thieme René , Noder Tania , Venerito Marino , Veits Lothar , Schmidt Thomas , Fuchs Claudia , Izbicki Jakob R. , Hölscher Arnulf H. , Dietrich Arne , Moulla Yusef , Lyros Orestis , Lang Hauke , Lorenz Dietmar , Schumacher Brigitte , Mayershofer Rupert , Vashist Yogesh , Ott Katja , Vieth Michael , Weismüller Josef , Moebus Susanne , Knapp Michael , Neuhaus Horst , Rösch Thomas , Ell Christian , Nöthen Markus M. , Whiteman David C. , Tomlinson Ian , Jankowski Janusz , Fitzgerald Rebecca C. , Palles Claire , Vaughan Thomas L. , Gockel Ines , Thrift Aaron P. , Fier Heide , Schumacher Johannes 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background:
Obesity is a major risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) and its precursor Barrett's esophagus (BE). Research suggests that individuals with high genetic risk to obesity have a higher BE/EA risk. To facilitate understanding of biological factors that lead to progression from BE to EA, the present study investigated the shared genetic background of BE/EA and obesity-related traits.

Methods:
Cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression was applied to summary statistics from genome-wide association meta-analyses on BE/EA and on obesity traits. Body mass index (BMI) was used as a proxy for general obesity, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) for abdominal obesity. For single marker analyses, all genome-wide significant risk alleles for BMI and WHR were compared with summary statistics of the BE/EA meta-analyses.

Results:
Sex-combined analyses revealed a significant genetic correlation between BMI and BE/EA (rg = 0.13, P = 2 × 10−04) and a rg of 0.12 between WHR and BE/EA (P = 1 × 10−02). Sex-specific analyses revealed a pronounced genetic correlation between BMI and EA in females (rg = 0.17, P = 1.2 × 10−03), and WHR and EA in males (rg = 0.18, P = 1.51 × 10−02). On the single marker level, significant enrichment of concordant effects was observed for BMI and BE/EA risk variants (P = 8.45 × 10−03) and WHR and BE/EA risk variants (P = 2 × 10−02).

Conclusions:
Our study provides evidence for sex-specific genetic correlations that might reflect specific biological mecha-nisms. The data demonstrate that shared genetic factors are particularly relevant in progression from BE to EA.

Impact:
Our study quantifies the genetic correlation between BE/EA and obesity. Further research is now warranted to elucidate these effects and to understand the shared pathophysiology.
Sex Disparity Observed for Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score in Predicting Mortality Among Patients with Early Stage ER-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Fei , Reid Sonya , Zheng Wei , Pal Tuya , Meszoely Ingrid , Mayer Ingrid A. , Bailey Christina E. , Park Ben Ho , Shu Xiao-Ou 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Prognostic value of Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score (RS) in male patients with breast cancer is understudied. We evaluated associations of RS with overall mortality in male patients with breast cancer and compared it with female counterparts.

Experimental Design:
With a cohort of 848 male and 110,898 female patients with breast cancer identified from the National Cancer Database (2010–2014), we estimated HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall mortality associated with RS using Cox regression models. RS was evaluated continuously, as well as by categorization following respective traditional (≤17, 18–30, and ≥31) and TAILORx (≤10, 11–25, and ≥26) cutoffs.

Results:
RS was positively associated with mortality in male patients (HR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02–1.26 per unit RS increment) up to RS &gt; 21, after which the risk plateaued. Among female patients, mortality began to increase with RS only when RS &gt; 23 (HR = 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.02 per unit of RS increment). The intermediate- (HR = 5.37; 95% CI, 1.79–16.11) and high-risk diseases (HR = 4.28; 95% CI, 1.22–14.97) defined by TAILORx, but not traditional cutoffs established for female patients, were associated with elevated mortality risk in men even after adjustment for demographic, clinical characteristics, and treatments, except chemotherapy.

Conclusions:
RS is associated with mortality in male patients with breast cancer at a much lower threshold than that for female patients. Studies are needed to establish specific guidelines for RS thresholds for male patients with breast cancer.
Effect of single dose follicle stimulating hormone on follicular aspiration, in vitro fertilization and pregnancy rate
Authors: Moraes Mayara Ellen Bardi de , Adona Paulo Roberto , Guemra Samuel , De Bem Tiago Henrique Camara , Miranda Moysés Dos Santos 
Published: November 2019

The present study evaluated Brangus cows treated with single doses of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) subjected to follicular aspiration after 24 h to assess oocyte recovery, in vitro fertilization and pregnancy rate. Follicles exceeding 3 millimeters in diameter were aspirated, 200 mg of FSH was administered 2 days later, and a new ovum pickup was performed 24 h afterward. These methods were performed 3 times every 3 days. In control, follicular aspirations occurred at intervals of 1-week without FSH administration o. The aspirated oocytes were evaluated, submitted to in vitro fertilization and the embryos were transferred to the recipients. The average recovery of oocytes was higher (p<0.05) in control cows (12.4±1.8) than in treated cows (9.4±1.3). There was no difference (p>0.05) in the mean percentage of viable oocytes (52.0±3.9 and 62.7±4.7%) or the mean percentage of embryos (41.4±4.8 and 41.5±4.2%) among control and treated cows, respectively. The mean percentage of pregnancy did not differ (p>0.05) for control cows (43.8±2.7%), and treated cows (40.9±6.8%). In conclusion, FSH treatment did not improve oocyte recovery, in vitro fertilization, and pregnancy percentage. However, there is possibility of several consecutive ovum pickup every t3 days, concentrating the in vitro fertilization and the pregnancy percentage.
From a Legal Proof to a Historical Fact: Trajectories of an Ottoman Document in a Franciscan Monastery, Sixteenth to Twentieth Century
Authors: Sekulić Ana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhile scholarship on the Ottoman Empire has explored its rich archives with great enthusiasm, there has been little work on the circulation of documents among the Empire’s subjects. This paper explores the archive of a Franciscan monastery in Ottoman Bosnia by following a single document in Ottoman Turkish from its issuance in the mid-sixteenth century to its interpretation within a historical monograph in the early twentieth. I address the ways in which the document circulated beyond the imperial offices and how the Franciscans transformed it through strategies including storing, marking, interpreting, cataloging, and silencing. The paper sheds light on the convergence between the deployment of the Ottoman documents and the rise of the Franciscan authority, indicating how Franciscan usage of the archive produced useful narratives beyond the confines and control of the Empire.