bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical treatment of a case of avulsion of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle in a cat
Authors: Sabbatini Pietro , Jones Ciarán 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAvulsion of the origin of the gastrocnemius muscle is a rare condition typically resulting from an acute, low‐grade local muscle injury: it usually presents as a weight‐bearing lameness with a tarsal hyperflexion. Surgical reattachment of the avulsed portion of the muscle is considered the treatment of choice. Overall, this pathology carries a good prognosis when a positive surgical outcome is achieved. A 9‐year‐old, female, neutered, domestic shorthair cat presented with an acute‐onset, weight‐bearing lameness and a plantigrade stance in the right hindlimb. Clinical and radiographic findings lead to a diagnosis of avulsion of the lateral origin of the gastrocnemius muscle: this was surgically anchored as close as possible to its anatomical origin, the tarsocrural joint was then locked in extension using a calcaneo‐tibial cortical positional screw for 5 weeks, and the leg was splinted for 7 weeks post‐operatively. At the 4‐month post‐surgical follow‐up, the cat showed a satisfactory limb function.
Introduction
Authors: van Suijlekom Walter D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEver since the early days of noncommutative geometry it has become clear that this field of mathematics has close ties with physics, and with gauge theories in particular. In fact, non-abelian gauge theories, and even more prominently, the Standard Model of particle physics, were a guiding principle in the formulation of noncommutative manifolds in [1, 2].
The Noncommutative Geometry of Electrodynamics
Authors: van Suijlekom Walter D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the previous chapters we have described the general framework for the description of gauge theories in terms of noncommutative manifolds. The present chapter serves two purposes. First, we describe abelian gauge theories within the framework of noncommutative geometry, which at first sight appears to be a contradictio in terminis. Second, in Sect. 11.2 we show how this example can be modified to provide a description of one of the simplest examples of a field theory in physics, namely electrodynamics. Because of its simplicity, it helps in gaining an understanding of the formulation of gauge theories in terms of almost-commutative manifolds, and as such it provides a first stepping stone towards the derivation of the Standard Model from noncommutative geometry in Chap. 13.
Phenomenology of the Noncommutative Standard Model
Authors: van Suijlekom Walter D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn Theorems 13.10 and 13.11, we have derived the full Lagrangian for the Standard Model from the almost-commutative manifold $$M\times F_{\scriptscriptstyle SM}$$

M
×

F

SM

. One can find several relations among the coefficients in the Lagrangian, which we shall derive here. We then use the renormalization group equations to obtain predictions for the Standard Model at ‘lower’ (i.e. particle accelerator) energies.
Conclusion
Authors: Zhao Xinyan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis monograph examines the limitations of current WTO rules in supporting the SDGs. While WTO agreements touch on various sustainability issues, they fall short of providing a comprehensive framework for sustainable development. The monograph contends that existing rules excessively limit members’ regulatory policy space and proposes replacing the necessity test with a sustainability test. This new test would prioritise sustainable development values over trade concerns, ensuring that domestic regulations align with the SDGs and balance different sustainable development interests. Additionally, this monograph advocates for incorporating trade-related sustainable development commitments and the sustainability test into the WTO framework. It also offers recommendations for formalising these efforts through the establishment of a sustainable development club within the WTO.
Progress in Embedding Sustainability into WTO Rules
Authors: Zhao Xinyan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMany WTO members are actively negotiating new rules to enhance the sustainability of their commitments within the organisation. These negotiations are pivotal in driving the constitutionalisation of the WTO and reforming its rules. Given the stagnation of multilateral negotiations, WTO members are engaging in plurilateral negotiations to advance these rules. I categorise these negotiations into three main areas: liberalising international trade, advancing social rights, and committing to environmental sustainability. This chapter examines the progress and outcomes of these negotiations to determine which TSDCs are being incorporated into WTO law and whether they are adequate to establish a legal basis for the sustainability test.
A critical study of the Monte Carlo replica method
Authors: Costantini Mark N. , Madigan Maeve , Mantani Luca , Moore James M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present a detailed mathematical study of the Monte Carlo replica method as applied in the global fitting literature from the high-energy physics theory community. For the first time, we provide a rigorous derivation of the parameter distributions implied by the method, and show that, whilst they agree with Bayesian posteriors for linear models, they disagree otherwise. We proceed to numerically quantify the disagreement between the Monte Carlo replica method and the Bayesian method in the context of two phenomenologically relevant scenarios: fits of the SMEFT Wilson coefficients, and fits of PDFs (albeit in a toy scenario). In both scenarios, we find that uncertainty estimates of the quantities of interest are discrepant between the two approaches when non-linearity is relevant. Our findings motivate future investigation of Bayesian methodologies for global PDF fits, especially in the context of simultaneous determination of PDFs and SMEFT Wilson coefficients.
Infinite-dimensional hierarchy of recursive extensions for all subn-leading soft effects in Yang-Mills
Authors: Nagy Silvia , Peraza Javier , Pizzolo Giorgio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Building on our proposal in [1], we present in detail the construction of the extended phase space for Yang-Mills at null infinity, containing the asymptotic symmetries and the charges responsible for subn-leading soft theorems at all orders. The generality of the procedure allows it to be directly applied to the computation of both tree and loop-level soft limits. We also give a detailed study of Yang-Mills equations under the radial expansion, giving a thorough construction of the radiative phase space for decays compatible with tree-level amplitudes for both light-cone and radial gauges. This gives rise to useful recursion relations at all orders between the field strength and the vector gauge coefficients. We construct the subn-leading charges recursively, and show a hierarchical truncation such that each charge subalgebra is closed, and their action in the extended phase space is canonical. We relate these results with the infinite-dimensional algebras that have been recently introduced in the context of conformal field theories at null infinity. We also apply our method to the computation of non-universal terms in the sub-leading charges arising in theories with higher derivative interaction terms.
Kasner eons with matter: holographic excursions to the black hole singularity
Authors: Cáceres Elena , Murcia Ángel J. , Patra Ayan K. , Pedraza Juan F. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Recent work has shown that introducing higher-curvature terms to the Einstein-Hilbert action causes the approach to a space-like singularity to unfold as a sequence of Kasner eons. Each eon is dominated by emergent physics at an energy scale controlled by higher-curvature terms of a given order, transitioning to higher-order eons as the singularity is approached. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we demonstrate that the inclusion of matter dramatically modifies the physics of eons compared to the vacuum case. We illustrate this by considering a family of quasi-topological gravities of arbitrary order minimally coupled to a scalar field. Second, we investigate Kasner eons in the interior of black holes with field theory duals and analyze their imprints on holographic observables. We show that the behavior of the thermal a-function, two-point functions of heavy operators, and holographic complexity can capture distinct signatures of the eons, making them promising tools for diagnosing stringy effects near black hole singularities.
Scalar electrodynamics and Higgs mechanism in the unfolded dynamics approach
Authors: Misuna Nikita 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We put forward a novel method of constructing unfolded formulations of field theories, which is based on initial fixation of the form of an unfolded field and subsequent looking for the corresponding unfolded equation as an identity that this field satisfies. Making use of this method, we find an unfolded formulation for 4d scalar electrodynamics. By considering a symmetry-breaking scalar potential, we study the implementation of the Higgs mechanism within the framework of the unfolded dynamics approach. We explore a deformation of unfolded modules in the symmetry-broken phase and identify a non-invertible unfolded-field redefinition that diagonalizes the higgsed system.
Genetic and pharmacological targeting of mTORC1 in mouse models of arteriovenous malformation expose non-cell autonomous signalling in HHT
Authors: Queiro-Palou Antonio , Jin Yi , Jakobsson Lars 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal high flow shunts between arteries and veins with major negative impact on the cardiovascular system. Inherited loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in endoglin, encoding an endothelial cell (EC) expressed co-receptor for BMP9/10, causes the disease HHT1/Osler-Weber-Rendu, characterized by bleeding and AVMs. Here we observe increased activity of the downstream signalling complex mTORC1 within the retinal vasculature of HHT mouse models. To investigate its importance in AVM biology, concerning subvascular action, cell specificity, signalling strength and kinetics we combine timed genetic and antibody-based models of HHT with genetic mTORC1 inhibition or activation through EC specific deletion of Rptor or Tsc1. Results demonstrate that EC mTORC1 activation is secondary to endoglin LOF and mainly a consequence of systemic effects following AVM. While genetic EC inhibition of mTORC1 only showed tendencies towards reduced AVM severity, EC overactivation counterintuitively reduced it, implying that mTORC1 must be within a certain range to facilitate AVM. Complete inhibition of mTORC1 signalling by rapamycin provided the strongest therapeutic effect, pointing to potential involvement of RAPTOR-independent pathways or AVM-promoting effects of non-ECs in this pathology.
Evaluation of the seismic capacity of cultural heritage in case of aggregate buildings: the Castle of Rosignano Marittimo
Authors: Puppio Mario Lucio , Ariu Matteo , Deligia Mariangela , Doveri Fabio , Ferrini Martina , Sassu Mauro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The partitioning of masonry buildings in Structural Units (SUs), or aggregate of Structural Units, is a useful tool to simplify the analysis of the buildings and the study of static and seismic vulnerability. However, this allocation is affected by uncertainties, simplification, and sometimes unavoidable miscalculation due to the directionality of this subdivision. This procedure exposes the results to discrepancies due to the way the building is divided. The Castle of Rosignano is emblematic. In this paper, the dependence of the results on how the Structural Units are considered is analyzed, as well as the role of structural in plan and elevation irregularities on various SUs and their combination. Non-linear static analysis corresponding to different distributions of the building in Structural Units, the uncertainties about material properties, and different directions of the seismic action are analyzed, and the respective results are discussed here. A simplified approach, for the study of aggregate buildings on an urban scale, is based on the so-called “tabular method”. Several Authors proposed and improved similar methods applied to different urban contexts. A comparison of simplified methodologies with the results of the detailed FEM analysis is also discussed and presented here. Finally, a simplified approach is proposed based on the regularity parameter of the building in aggregate. Taking the evidence from FEM analysis as a physical-mechanical base, the authors propose the quantitative definition of irregularity parameters and the use of them to determine the building vulnerabilities. The proposed procedure aimed to be a practical tool to determine, in an expeditious manner, the seismic capacity of a masonry building in aggregate. The model proposed in this paper, applied to the case of the study of Rosignano Marittimo (a typical situation of aggregate building in a historical context in Tuscany, Italy) shows emblematic results that can be extended to analogous configuration.
Efficient extraction of carboxylated nanocellulose from ionoSolv pulps with alkaline H2O2 assisted oxidation
Authors: Rafat Aida Abouelela , Verdía Barbará Pedro , Ullah Asim , Kontturi Eero , Law Robert V. , Hallett Jason P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We report a simple procedure to produce carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from grassy biomass (Miscanthus X Giganteus) using a two-step approach consisting of biomass fractionation with a protic ionic liquid followed by oxidation of the resulting cellulose-rich pulps with H2O2. The impact of the fractionation severity on the composition, structure, size, thermal stability, crystallinity, and degree of polymerization of the CNCs was evaluated. It was found that fractionation severity had a large impact on the pulp purity and its reactivity during the oxidation stage. Nevertheless, the impact on the properties of the final CNCs was small. CNCs were recovered as suspensions of negatively charged, electrostatically stable, needle-like CNCs with a lower degree of crystallinity (58–61%) compared to the precursor pulps (65–69%). The presence of carboxyl groups on the surface of the CNCs facilitated the stability of the suspensions but also caused a slight decrease in the thermal stability of the CNCs. A milder oxidation process followed by ultrasonication allowed us to maximize the production of CNCs while better preserving the degree of crystallinity of the cellulose (63%).
Exploring the Neuroprotective Effects of Rufinamide in a Streptozotocin-Induced Dementia Model
Authors: Kaur Darshpreet , Grewal Amarjot Kaur , Fouad Dalia , Kumar Amit , Singh Varinder , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Welson Nermeen N. , Singh Thakur Gurjeet 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDue to the complex pathophysiology of AD (Alzheimer’s Disease), there are currently no effective clinical treatments available, except for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. However, CREB (cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein) has been identified as the critical factor for the transcription in memory formation. Understanding the effect of potential drugs on the CREB pathway could lead to the development of new therapeutic molecules. Rufinamide has shown promise in improving memory in animal models, and these effects may be associated with modulation of the CREB pathway, however, this has not been previously reported. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the involvement of the CREB pathway in the cognitive improvement effects of rufinamide in STZ (streptozotocin) induced mouse model of dementia. Administration of STZ [3 mg/kg, i.c.v. (intracerebroventricular) bilaterally] significantly impaired cognitive performance in step-down passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests in animals, reduced brain endogenous antioxidant levels (GSH, superoxide dismutase, and catalase), and increased marker of brain oxidative stress [TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances)] and inflammation [IL-1β (Interleukin-1 beta), IL-6 (Interleukin-6), TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor alpha) and NF-κB (Nuclear factor kappa B)], along with neurodegeneration. These effects were markedly reversed by rufinamide (50 and 100 mg/kg) when administered to STZ animals. However, the pre-treatment with the CREB inhibitor (666-15) in STZ and rufinamide-administered animals neutralized the beneficial influence of rufinamide. Our data suggest that rufinamide, acting via CREB signaling, reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory markers while elevating anti-oxidant levels. Our study has established that rufinamide may act through CREB signaling in an investigational AD model, which could be crucial for developing new treatments beneficial in progressive neurological disorders.
Graphical Abstract
Fine-scale residency and temperature-driven habitat selection in a migratory shark species
Authors: J. Thorburn , É. Gagnon , J. Martin , L.-A. Henry , P.J. Wright , J. Dodd , M. James , F. Neat 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMany marine species exhibit complex and diverse movements that vary across spatial and temporal scales. These movements must be accounted for when designing effective management and conservation efforts. While environmental cues such as temperature and salinity have been shown to influence the movements of mobile species, it is increasingly documented that social factors can also influence space use and population behaviour. Understanding how various factors influence movement enhances our ability to predict the space use of highly dynamic ocean species. Spurdog (Squalus acanthias), known for their tendency to aggregate and use of both coastal and oceanic environments, are an ideal model species for studying drivers of movement. To investigate movement and habitat selection in spurdog, we conducted an acoustic telemetry study from June 2016 to July 2017, tagging 51 spurdog in a partially enclosed fjordic sea loch on the west coast of Scotland. The thermal profile of Loch Etive was recorded to complement the movement data. Our study revealed temperature as a pivotal driver of movement and habitat selection in spurdog, with the unique thermal environment of the fjord enabling year-round residency at a previously undocumented spatial scale, suggesting that such habitats may be especially important for mobile marine species. This study demonstrates the importance of understanding environmental influences on space use and movement to develop effective, climate-resilient management strategies for spurdog and other mobile marine species.
Solving the inclusion problem: gender without representationalism
Authors: Willems Ed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Recent work in the metaphysics of gender mostly focuses on trying to solve the exclusion problem - roughly, the problem of giving a metaphysical account of gender that doesn’t exclude anyone from their appropriate gender category. It is acknowledged that no completely satisfactory answer to the exclusion problem has yet been given in the literature; typically such theories fail to account for the diverse experiences and characteristics of trans people. One response is to adopt an anti-realism about gender properties, such as Heather Logue’s gender fictionalism. I rebut the move to an anti-realism, showing that it relies on assuming a representationalism about gender vocabulary that we need not hold. I put forward a non-representationalist theory of gender properties that analyses gender vocabulary in terms of its inferential profile, rather than its representational features. This theory constitutes a deflationary realism about gender properties; it solves the inclusion problem, and guarantees the first-person epistemic authority of an individual regarding their own gender identity.
VNR_LBP: A New Approach to Congestion Control Using Virtualization and Switch Migration in SDN
Authors: Jenabzadeh MohammadReza , Ayatollahitafti Vahid , Mollakhalili Meybodi MohammadReza , Ardakani MohammadReza Mollahoseini , Javadpour Amir 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn order to improve network performance, traffic management is imperative. In addition to increasing the volume of network data, software-defined networks have expanded and the amount of information exchanged between the data plane and the control plane has increased. This will lead to congestion and reduce network efficiency because more traffic will flow through these networks. Congestion in these networks can be controlled effectively with switch migration. A mechanism that provides congestion control through the virtual migration of switches is presented, known as Virtual Network Request Load Balancing Profit (VNR_LBP). It is a problem to have many requests at a switch node, and to solve it, there is an effective solution. Network virtualization allows the controller to migrate switches into this space by taking advantage of available resources in switches and links. In order to control congestion, we have calculated the profit function of nodes and links to determine how much congestion exists. We also request a virtual network (VNR) to reduce load and manage resources. Lastly, the proposed method was evaluated using NS2 simulator according to various criteria. Simulated results show that in comparison with the basic method, the proposed method increases throughput by about 4.3%, decreases delay by about 5.3%, and reduces the average cost by 26%.
Predictors of Understaging with EUS and PET-CECT in Early Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Venkataramani Karthik , Jiwnani Sabita , Niyogi Devayani , Tiwari Virendrakumar , Pramesh C. S. , Karimundackal George 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The clinicoradiological staging for esophageal cancer is fraught with variable accuracy, potentially depriving patients who have been understaged of the benefit of neoadjuvant therapy, which has been shown to improve long-term survival in locally advanced malignancies. It is imperative to identify these high-risk tumors for tailored treatment.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of a prospective database of patients undergoing esophagectomy for carcinoma esophagus between 2011 and 2019. Patients with clinicoradiological early-stage esophageal carcinoma (T1/2 and N0), staged with EUS and fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (FDG PET-CECT), and undergoing upfront surgery were included. Demographic profile, staging, perioperative outcomes, and follow-up data were extracted from electronic records and analyzed using SPSS 26.0.

Results
During this period, we performed 1496 esophagectomies, of which 68 patients (4.5%) underwent upfront surgery for early-stage tumors. The overall concordance between clinical and surgical staging was 55.8%. The positive predictive value (PPV) of EUS for T1, T2, and N0 was 81.6%, 46.7%, and 82.4%, respectively, with 10.2% and 17% upstaging to T3 and N + , respectively. On multivariate analysis, T2 on EUS and tumors longer than 3.5 cm and having standardized uptake value (SUVmax) > 3.05 on FDG PET were strong predictors of stage migration. The 3-year overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort was 74.2%, while those who were understaged had a worse outcome, with a 3-year survival of 48.2%.

Conclusion
Endoscopic T2 stage, length more than 3.5 cm, and SUVmax more than 3.05 are associated with significant understaging and hence should be considered for neoadjuvant therapy.