bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compulsory educational mental health support system in Japan
Authors: Nishio Akihiro , Kakimoto Machi , Horita Ryo , Yamamoto Mayumi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMental health problems among children present an important public health issue worldwide. Early detection, assessment, and support in schools might have a significant impact on mental health outcomes and child health and wellbeing. The purpose of this article is to show the mental health support system and its historical transition in Japan. In general, Japanese schools have a Yogo teacher (a school nurse) who works full time, as well as three types of mental health specialists who work part time: school counselors, advisors, and social workers. The regularity of visits from the three types of specialists depends on schools and regions. In general, school counselors visit schools more often than do other specialists, for approximately 4 h per week. The other specialists either visit the schools rarely or not at all because they are sometimes not hired. The strengths of the Japanese system included much provision of psychological consultations and a small budget compared to Western countries. Almost all school counselors are clinical psychologists with master’s degrees who are skillful at handling students’ mental problems. Moreover, they are capable of providing intensive psychological counseling in school settings in Japan. The weakness is that there is no specialist available who supports students’ academic or school life. General teachers take on the role of the Western countries’ “school counselors.” There are also few specialists who can be approached for social support compared to Western countries.
Ministerial Leadership and Endorsement of Bureaucrats: Experimental Evidence from Presidential Governments
Authors: Lee Don S. , Park Soonae 
Published: February 2020

AbstractScholars have debated what constitutes effective ministerial leadership with respect to administrative competence versus political influence. The authors contribute experimental evidence to this debate through a unique survey design of endorsement experiments. Using original data from 949 national civil servants in South Korea, this article examines civil servants’ assessments of ministerial leadership in three central dimensions of public management: internal management, interbranch coordination, and policy formulation/implementation. Further, existing variation in the characteristics of agencies is used to test whether such variation induces systematic differences in civil servants’ responses. Findings show that that civil servants’ attitudes toward ministerial leadership are asymmetric in nature. Ministers with civil service backgrounds are endorsed in all three dimensions, whereas ministers with legislative backgrounds receive increased support only for interbranch coordination skills. The levels of support for ministers with different backgrounds also vary across agency types. This analysis has implications for public management practice and agency control in presidential governments.
Prints as communication of power: Cardinal Carlo Barberini and the synods of his abbeys
Authors: Fidanza Giovan Battista 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe interest shown by Cardinal Carlo Barberini (Rome, 1630‐1704; cardinal from 23 June 1653) in the images connected with the synods he convened in the two abbeys nullius dioeceseos of Subiaco and Farfa reflects the importance he gave to his power over these two institutions, of which he was commendatory abbot. This position implied not only the spiritual and temporal government of the abbeys and their dependent territories (like that of a bishop), but the right to gather their income. These synods may be regarded as a sort of public enthronement, further enhanced by the related prints commissioned by the cardinal. This article presents new information found during archival research on Carlo Barberini as patron of prints. Unpublished documents in the Barberini Archives of the Vatican Library relate to seven etchings, payments made to the printmakers and printers, and other interesting technical details. The etchers commissioned by Cardinal Barberini – the Frenchman Dominique Barrière and the Italian Francesco Bufalini – were relatively famous. The copper plates used for the prints studied here are also identified.
Three computational approaches to weakly nonlocal Poisson brackets
Authors: Casati Matteo , Lorenzoni Paolo , Vitolo Raffaele 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe compare three different ways of checking the Jacobi identity for weakly nonlocal Poisson brackets using the theory of distributions, pseudo‐differential operators, and Poisson vertex algebras, respectively. We show that the three approaches lead to similar computations and same results.
High‐resolution X‐ray fluorescence profiling of hybrid event beds: Implications for sediment gravity flow behaviour and deposit structure
Authors: Hussain Arif , Haughton Peter D. W. , Shannon Patrick M. , Turner Jonathan N. , Pierce Colm S. , Obradors‐Latre Arnau , Barker Simon P. , Martinsen Ole J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHybrid event beds form when turbidity currents that transport or locally acquire significant quantities of mud decelerate. The mud dampens turbulence driving flow transformations, allowing both mud and sand to settle into dense, near‐bed fluid layers and debris flows. Quantifying details of the mud distribution vertically in what are often complex tiered deposits is critical to reconstructing flow processes and explaining the diverse bed types left by mud‐bearing gravity flows. High‐resolution X‐ray fluorescence core scanning provides continuous vertical compositional profiles that can help to constrain mud distribution at sub‐millimetre scale, offering a significant improvement over discrete sampling. The approach is applied here to cores acquired from the Pennsylvanian Ross Sandstone Formation, western Ireland, where a range of hybrid event beds have been identified. Raw X‐ray fluorescence counts are calibrated against element concentrations and mineral abundances determined on coincident core plugs, with element and element log‐ratios used as proxies to track vertical changes in abundances of quartz, illite (including mica), chlorite and calcite cement. New insights include ‘stepped’ (to higher values) as opposed to ‘saw‐tooth’ vertical changes in mud content and the presence of compositional banding that would otherwise be overlooked. Hybrid event beds in basin floor sheets that arrived ahead of the prograding fan system have significantly cleaner sandy components than those in mid‐fan lobes. The latter may imply that the heads of the currents emerging from mid‐fan channels entrained significant mud immediately before they collapsed. Many of the H3 debrites are bipartite with a sandier H3a division attributed to re‐entrainment and mixing of a trailing debris or fluid mud flow (H3b) with sand left by the forward part of the flow. Hybrid event bed structure may thus partly reflect substrate interaction and mixing during deposition, and the texture of the bed divisions may not simply mirror those in the suspensions from which they formed.
Theorizing Media Memory: Six Elements Defining the Role of the Media in Shaping Collective Memory in the Digital Age
Authors: Neiger Motti 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article wishes to untangle the relationships between media and collective memory and present the contribution of communication scholarship in general, and journalism studies in particular, to our understanding of the term “collective memory.” After presenting the roots of the concept, the article deconstructs it by providing six perspectives on the term: (a) its multidirectional disposition (from the present to the past and vice versa), (b) its concretization in media texts and other products, (c) the functional role it plays for the community, (d) its socio‐political aspects, (e) the technological qualities of the process of the mediatization, (f) its narratological characteristics and formation. Each of the abovementioned attributes throws a different light on the mediation of collective memory and provides insights regarding the role of the media in the construction of cultural memory and shared recollections in the digital age.
Optimizing O‐negative RBC utilization using a data‐driven approach
Authors: Virk Mrigender S. , Lancaster David , Quach Thinh , Lim Albert , Shu Elaine , Belanger Geoffrey , Pham Tho D. 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUNDO‐negative red blood cells (ON‐RBC) are a precious resource and the international blood banking community has become increasingly concerned with its inappropriate utilization. AABB recently made several recommendations to address the issue. Solutions must be multifaceted and involve donor centers, blood banks, and clinical departments. From the perspective of a hospital blood bank, it is difficult to rely solely on increased donor recruitment and ubiquitous blood typing of the entire in‐patient population. We therefore focused on interventions within the blood bank to optimize inventory and policies to ensure appropriate ON‐RBC utilization.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTransfusion data over one year was examined for the rate of out‐of‐group/inappropriate ON‐RBC. Furthermore, we assessed whether that rate was related to product life on the day of transfusion. We also examined our stock inventory levels and how excess inventory can contribute to inappropriate ON‐RBC usage.RESULTSThe ON‐RBC inventory level was decreased in order to reduce the rate of inappropriate transfusions while maintaining a safe level for optimal patient care. Compared to baseline, our intervention caused ON‐RBCs to be transfused earlier in their shelf‐life (9.27 vs. 11.15 days from expiration [DFE], p = 0.0012). This reduced the overall rate of inappropriate ON‐RBC transfusions (67% vs. 54%, p = 0.0035), approximating 185 units of ON‐RBC saved over the course of 6 months.CONCLUSIONSA data‐driven approach to optimize stock inventory levels is widely applicable; it can be adopted by numerous institutions to improve utilization and establish a benchmark for the broader blood banking community.
Retrospective evaluation of the use of hemodialysis in dogs with suspected metaldehyde poisoning (2012–2017): 11 cases
Authors: Teichmann‐Knorrn Svenja , Doerfelt Stefanie , Doerfelt René 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate dogs treated with hemodialysis for severe metaldehyde intoxication and to compare them with conventionally‐managed patients.DesignRetrospective study (2012–2017).SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsData from 18 dogs with severe metaldehyde intoxication were analyzed. Eleven dogs were treated with intermittent hemodialysis and 7 managed conventionally.InterventionsNone.Measurement and main resultsMetaldehyde poisoning was diagnosed based on clinical signs and toxicological analysis or presence of turquoise material in the gastrointestinal content. Clinical signs, additional treatments, dialysis prescription, duration of anesthesia and hospitalization, complications, and outcome were documented. Results were analyzed by t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, and Chi‐square test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Dialysis was performed for median (range) 180 min (150–420 min) with median of 2.28 L/kg (1.66–4.48 L/kg) blood volume processed. In the hemodialysis group, anesthesia was discontinued at a median of 3.0 hours (1.5–6.7 h) after starting dialysis. The conventional‐group received general anesthesia for a median of 17.5 hours (7.0–30.5 h). No further anticonvulsive treatment was necessary for the hemodialysis group. Time to hospital discharge was shorter in dialyzed dogs (median 18 h; 15–41 h) compared to conventionally treated dogs (median 89 h; 61–168 h; P = 0.0014). Aspiration pneumonia was reported in 5 conventionally treated dogs and none of the dialyzed dogs (P = 0.001). Five dialyzed dogs developed hematoma at the dialysis catheter site. One dog in each group was euthanized.ConclusionHemodialysis significantly decreases the requirement for anesthesia and length of hospitalization in dogs with metaldehyde intoxication. Aspiration pneumonia occurred less often in dialyzed patients. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm the clinical utility of hemodialysis in dogs with metaldehyde poisoning.
Evaluation of an emergency medicine‐focused clinical pathology training course for non‐clinical pathology house officers
Authors: Pavlides Stavros , Lynch Alex , Snowden Khalid , Leissinger Mary 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveDetermine whether an emergency medicine–focused clinical pathology training course improved the proficiency of house officers.DesignProspective blinded study.SettingVeterinary academic center.Study SubjectHouse officers enrolled in programs other than clinical pathology.InterventionsA 4‐hour curriculum was provided by a board‐certified specialist in veterinary clinical pathology.Measurements and Main ResultsA focused clinical pathology lecture course derived from historical teaching materials was delivered. A pre‐ and post‐course multiple choice question examination was taken by the enrolled house officers, as well as a survey regarding their confidence level pre‐ and post‐course utilizing a novel 5‐point scoring system, ranging from 1 (very low confidence) to 5 (very high). A total of 21 house officers completed the study, 5 of which attended didactic lectures, 13 utilized an online learning platform, and 3 used a combination of both. There was a significant improvement in all house officers’ post‐training course examination results compared to pre‐course results (pre‐course examination score: mean 49% ±12; post‐course examination score: mean 72.5% ± 15.7; P < 0.0001). There was a significant difference in pre‐ and post‐course examination scores for each of the 3 topic areas: hematology (pre‐course: mean 47% ±16; post‐course: mean 71% ± 15.8; P ≤ 0.0001); urinalysis (pre‐course: mean 65.7% ± 12.5; post‐course: mean 87.6% ± 22.1; P = 0.0004); and fluid analysis (pre‐course: mean 37.1% ± 14.1; post‐course: mean 60.5% ± 15; P ≤ 0.0001). There was also a significant increase in the house officers’ confidence score in overall clinical pathology skills (pre‐course: mean 2.2 ± 1.5; post‐course: 3.6±1.4; P = 0.0005).ConclusionThis study identified that a 4‐hour clinical pathology training course relevant to small animal emergency medicine improved the knowledge and confidence of nonclinical pathology house officers. A similar training course may prove helpful in the future to improve the proficiency of emergency veterinarians.
CT characteristics of primary splenic torsion in eight dogs
Authors: Hughes Jonathan R. , Johnson Victoria S. , Genain Marie‐Aude 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSplenic torsion is a rare potentially life‐threatening condition characterized by rotation of the spleen around the gastrosplenic and phrenosplenic ligaments leading to occlusion of venous drainage and arterial supply. This retrospective study describes the CT characteristics for dogs with surgically confirmed splenic torsion from 2013 to 2018 using the submissions to a large multinational teleradiology database. Eight dogs had the splenic torsion confirmed with surgery. Seven of eight cases had histology confirming congestion, hemorrhage, and necrosis, and one had concurrent myelolipoma infiltration. The CT characteristics included an enlarged (8/8), rounded (7/8), folded C‐shaped spleen (8/8) with a difference of median parenchymal attenuation between pre‐ and postcontrast of +1.15 HU (Hounsfield units). Other common features included a mainly homogeneous parenchyma on pre‐ and post‐contrast images (6/8), lack of subjective and objective vascular and parenchymal contrast enhancement (6/8) and free peritoneal fluid (6/8). A “whirl sign” was seen in the majority of cases (7/8) alongside a strongly hyperattenuating center (95‐416 HU) on the precontrast images (5/7), which has not been previously described in the veterinary literature. Gastric position was normal in all cases. More variable CT characteristics of the confirmed torsions were attributable to suspected partial torsion and myelolipomatous infiltration. Overall, primary splenic torsion confirmed with surgery showed consistent characteristics on CT.
Bilingual pragmatic markers in Nigerian English
Authors: Unuabonah Foluke O. , Oladipupo Rotimi O. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper examines six bilingual pragmatic markers: jare, biko, jor, shebi, shey, and fa which are borrowed from indigenous Nigerian languages into Nigerian English, with a view to examining their sources, meanings, frequencies, spelling stability, positions, collocational patterns, and discourse‐pragmatic functions in Nigerian English. The data for the study, drawn from the International Corpus of English‐Nigeria and the Nigerian component of the Global Web‐based English corpus, are analysed qualitatively and quantitatively from a postcolonial corpus pragmatic perspective. The findings show that jare, jor, shebi, and shey are borrowed from Yoruba, biko is from Igbo while fa is from Hausa. Jare, jor, and biko function as mitigation and emphasis markers, shebi and shey serve as agreement‐seeking markers while fa is an emphasis pragmatic marker. The study, thus, contributes to the growing research on bilingual pragmatic markers in second‐language contexts.
Translanguaging and world Englishes
Authors: Jenks Christopher , Lee Jerry Won 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTranslingualism and translanguaging have emerged as important constructs in the study of language and communication. Ongoing efforts to make sense of translingualism and translanguaging can be partly attributed to the way the constructs present the use of multiple language resources and how such communicative practices reflect speakers from marginalized and minority communities. It is thus natural for World Englishes to contribute to such empirical and theoretical efforts, as world Englishes scholars are committed to understanding how English, along with other language resources, are used in a range of contexts and for varied communicative purposes. To this end, the present editorial introduction, along with the contributions to this special issue, explores the ways in which translingualism and translanguaging can be understood within the context of world Englishes scholarship.
Using China English, creating translingual space
Authors: Du Qian , Lee Jerry Won , Sok Sarah 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInner Circle contexts, and especially Inner Circle academic contexts guided by ideologies of monolingualism, can frequently be spaces that are hostile to ‘different,’ non‐Inner Circle varieties of English. Meanwhile, recent research in translingualism demonstrates how individuals can produce spaces that are conducive to linguistic plurality. This paper analyzes how speakers of a non‐Inner Circle variety of English are able to use linguistic and spatial repertoires to transform an Inner Circle academic space into one in which different varieties of English can be an effective communicative resource. Using the case of graduate student speakers of an Expanding Circle (China) English in the US, we illustrate how such speakers, even if their spoken China English, when understood in isolated structural terms, may be dismissed as ‘accented,’ ‘substandard’ or even ‘unintelligible,’ create a pluralistic space of interaction in which such difference need not be an impediment to communication.
CRITICAL REMARKS ON THE COGNITIVE SCIENCE OF RELIGION
Authors: Szocik Konrad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCognitive explanations of religious beliefs propose an evolutionary past in which humans had to possess certain cognitive adaptations to survive. The aim of this article is to show that some cognitive accounts may overvalue the putative role of cognition. One such cognitive idea is an assumption that cognition has been evolutionarily shaped only, or most importantly, in the Pleistocene. This idea seems common among writers on the cognitive science of religion (CSR), but is mistaken. Cognition has been shaped throughout evolution. Another idea is that components of religion could not have been produced by natural selection (the hypothesis that religion is a by‐product). But the article suggests that there are some domains in the field of religion and religious components that could be acquired and transmitted despite or even against alleged cognitive biases. The aim of this article is to argue for an extended approach that combines a cognitive account with functional naturalistic approaches, including an adaptationist one. Such distinction could imply that cognition is not functional. Obviously, this is not the case since cognition is the process of knowing, and surely knowledge is functional. However, the main argument for such a distinction lies in the key idea of the cognitive account that as far as cognition is functional and adaptive, religious components are not. Functionalism or “adaptivism” concerning cognition contradicts functionalism concerning religion. Numbers of scholars who consider themselves part of CSR seem also to consider both cognition and religion adaptive. However, in regard to components of religion, their adaptive, functional power is only secondary. The article concludes that the study of religion—as the study of cultural evolution in general—should include a pluralistic methodology combining cognitive and evolutionary accounts with the specificity of cultural evolution.
RECENT TRENDS IN THE COGNITIVE SCIENCE OF RELIGION: NEUROSCIENCE, RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE, AND THE CONFLUENCE OF COGNITIVE AND EVOLUTIONARY RESEARCH
Authors: McCauley Robert N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCognitive science of religion (CSR) has increased influence in religious studies, the resistance of religious protectionists notwithstanding. CSR's most provocative work stresses the role of implicit cognition in explaining religious thought and conduct. Exhibiting explanatory pluralism, CSR seeks integrative accounts across the social, psychological, and brain sciences. CSR reflects prominent trends in the cognitive sciences generally. First, CSR is giving greater attention to the new tools and findings of cognitive neuroscience. Second, CSR researchers have done carefully designed, nonlaboratory studies of experience, incorporating precise physiological measures, obtaining astonishing findings about the experiences of ritual participants and observers. Third, CSR theorists have advanced evolutionary hypotheses about religions from eight perspectives (cross‐indexing three levels of selection with three mechanisms of selection). Cultural group selectionists headline credibility enhancing displays and Big Gods in the religious consolidation of large‐scale societies. Other CSR researchers marshal counterevidence and advance alternative hypotheses. CSR findings are incompatible with the New Atheists’ projects on two fronts.