bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surprising diagnosis in a patient with acute coronary syndrome: a case report of acute streptococcal pharyngitis-associated perimyocarditis
Authors: Chatzantonis Grigorios , Meier Claudia , Bietenbeck Michael , Rueckert Jan , Dorsel Thomas , Yilmaz Ali , Florian Anca 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Streptococcal pharyngitis is a common infection, with both suppurative and non-suppurative complications. Most importantly, a streptococcal infection can cause heart disease in different pathophysiological pathways. Acute non-rheumatic perimyocarditis appears to be a more frequent pathological entity associated with streptococcal pharyngitis as once thought, which is poorly understood and explored.

Case summary
We present the case of a middle-aged man with acute chest pain, electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, and elevated cardiac enzymes following a recent episode of pharyngitis in which streptococcal-associated perimyocarditis was diagnosed. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging established the diagnosis and allowed cardiac disease monitoring after successful antibiotic therapy resulting in complete clinical recovery.

Discussion
Patients presenting with acute chest pain, ECG abnormalities, and cardiac enzyme elevations do not always suffer from an ischaemic heart attack. A thorough investigation comprising a detailed past medical history and non-invasive imaging such as CMR are the cornerstones for unravelling a correct diagnosis and implementing a proper treatment—as was shown in the present clinical case.
Mid-term outcomes of valve-sparing root reimplantation with leaflet repair
Authors: Yokawa Koki , Henmi Soichiro , Nakai Hidekazu , Yamanaka Katsuhiro , Omura Atsushi , Inoue Takeshi , Okita Yutaka , Okada Kenji 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Valve repair for aortic insufficiency (AI) requires a tailored surgical approach determined by the leaflet and aortic disease. In this study, we used a repair-oriented system for the classification of AI, and we elucidated long-term outcomes of aortic root reimplantation with this classification system.

METHODS
From 1999 to 2018, a total of 197 patients underwent elective reimplantation (mean age: 52.7 ± 17.7 years; 80% male). The aortic valve was tricuspid in 143 patients, bicuspid in 51 patients and quadricuspid in 3 patients. A total of 93 patients had type I AI (aortic dilatation), 57 patients had type II AI (cusp prolapse) and 47 patients had type III AI (restrictive). In total, 104 of the 264 patients (39%) had more than 1 identified mechanism.

RESULTS
In-hospital mortality was 0.5% (1/197). Mid-term follow-up (mean follow-up duration: 5.5 years) revealed a late mortality rate of 4.2% (9/197). Aortic valve reoperation was performed on 16 patients (8.0%). Rates of freedom from aortic valve replacement and freedom from aortic valve-related events at 10 years of follow-up were 87.0 ± 4.0% and 60.6 ± 6.0%, respectively; patients with type Ib AI (98.3 ± 1.7%; 80.7 ± 7.5%) had better outcomes than patients with type III AI (59.6 ± 15.6%; 42.2 ± 13.1%, P = 0.01). In patients with types II and III AI who had bicuspid aortic valves, rates of freedom from aortic valve-related events at 5 years of follow-up were 95.2 ± 4.7% and 71.7 ± 9.1%, respectively (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
This repair-oriented system for classifying AI could help to predict the durable aortic valve repair techniques. Patient selection according to the classification is particularly important for long-term durability.

Clinical trial registration number
B190050.
The metabolic shift in highly and weakly virulent Dickeya solani strains is more affected by temperature than by mutations in genes encoding global virulence regulators
Authors: Potrykus Marta , Decorosi Francesca , Perkowska Izabela , Viti Carlo , Mengoni Alessio , Hugouvieux-Cotte-Pattat Nicole , Lojkowska Ewa 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTGlobal warming may shortly increase the risk of disease development on plants. Significant differences in the metabolic activity screened with Phenotype Microarray at 22°C and 28°C were observed between D. solani strains with high and low virulence level. Highly virulent D. solani was characterized by a higher number of metabolized compounds and a faster metabolism and was more tolerant to non-favorable pH and osmolarity. Metabolic phenotyping showed for the first time that the mutation in pecT gene, which encodes a global repressor of virulence, affects several pathways of the basic cell metabolism. PecT mutants had a higher maceration capacity of potato tissue and showed a higher pectinolytic activity than the wild-type strains. On the contrary, mutation in expI gene, which encoded the signaling molecules synthase crucial for quorum sensing, had an insignificant effect on the cell metabolism, although it slightly reduced the potato tissue maceration. The ability to utilize most of the tested compounds was higher at 28°C, while the survival at non-favorable pH and osmolarity was higher at 22°C. These results proved that the temperature of incubation had the most significant impact on the D. solani metabolic profiles.
Hacking the host: exploitation of macrophage polarization by intracellular bacterial pathogens
Authors: Thiriot Joseph D , Martinez-Martinez Yazmin B , Endsley Janice J , Torres Alfredo G 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTMacrophages play an integral role in host defenses against intracellular bacterial pathogens. A remarkable plasticity allows for adaptation to the needs of the host to orchestrate versatile innate immune responses to a variety of microbial threats. Several bacterial pathogens have adapted to macrophage plasticity and modulate the classical (M1) or alternative (M2) activation bias towards a polarization state that increases fitness for intracellular survival. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the host macrophage and intracellular bacterial interface; highlighting the roles of M1/M2 polarization in host defense and the mechanisms employed by several important intracellular pathogens to modulate macrophage polarization to favor persistence or proliferation. Understanding macrophage polarization in the context of disease caused by different bacterial pathogens is important for the identification of targets for therapeutic intervention.
redLips: a comprehensive mechanistic model of the lipid metabolic network of yeast
Authors: Tsouka S , Hatzimanikatis V 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTOver the last decades, yeast has become a key model organism for the study of lipid biochemistry. Because the regulation of lipids has been closely linked to various physiopathologies, the study of these biomolecules could lead to new diagnostics and treatments. Before the field can reach this point, however, sufficient tools for integrating and analyzing the ever-growing availability of lipidomics data will need to be developed. To this end, genome-scale models (GEMs) of metabolic networks are useful tools, though their large size and complexity introduces too much uncertainty in the accuracy of predicted outcomes. Ideally, therefore, a model for studying lipids would contain only the pathways required for the proper analysis of these biomolecules, but would not be an ad hoc reduction. We hereby present a metabolic model that focuses on lipid metabolism constructed through the integration of detailed lipid pathways into an already existing GEM of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our model was then systematically reduced around the subsystems defined by these pathways to provide a more manageable model size for complex studies. We show that this model is as consistent and inclusive as other yeast GEMs regarding the focus and detail on the lipid metabolism, and can be used as a scaffold for integrating lipidomics data to improve predictions in studies of lipid-related biological functions.
Transforming even-aged coniferous stands to multi-aged stands: an opportunity to increase tree species diversity?
Authors: Ligot Gauthier , Balandier Philippe , Schmitz Sophie , Claessens Hugues 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Transforming even-aged coniferous stands into multi-aged ones is attracting growing interest in Europe. However, applying this silvicultural treatment, maintaining a continuous cover and relying on natural regeneration require a deep understanding of the factors driving interspecific competition in the understorey. In particular, knowledge of species-specific response to different light conditions is needed to plan silvicultural treatments and forecast long-term stand composition. In this context, we assessed regeneration (±10–400 cm in height) and light conditions (±1–40 per cent of transmittance) in nine coniferous stands with ranging stand age (±20–120 years) and species composition (Norway spruce, Douglas fir, larch, silver fir and western hemlock) in Belgium. We then modelled interspecific differences in regeneration height growth to forecast the outcome of interspecific competition in different light conditions. Controlling understorey light seems an efficient way to control the interspecific competition, but with some limits, and taking into account sapling size. Maintaining low light conditions (transmittance &lt; 15 per cent) probably reduces interspecific competition as it allows small saplings (height &lt; 100 cm) of most species to grow at a comparable rate. Maintaining higher light conditions might allow a few species to rapidly overgrow the others. Species ranking in height growth changed across the studied light range only between spruce and larch, suggesting that the competition between these two species can be driven through the control of understorey light. On the other hand, controlling canopy openness was found to be insufficient, for example, to promote an advanced regeneration (height ≥ 200 cm) of fir over advanced regeneration of spruce, to promote any species over western hemlock or to promote Douglas fir. Western hemlock, a very shade-tolerant species, was found to grow three times faster than the other species in all the observed conditions (PACL = 5–20 per cent). Douglas fir saplings showed weak growth and marked defoliation, which we hypothetically relate to the recent outbreak of Contarinia pseudotsugae in Western Europe.
Early vs Late Use of Anti-TNFa Therapy in Adult Patients With Crohn Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hamdeh Shadi , Aziz Muhammad , Altayar Osama , Olyaee Mojtaba , Murad Mohammad Hassan , Hanauer Stephen B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
While anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFa) therapies for Crohn disease (CD) were initially introduced in 1998 for biologic therapies are often introduced after a minimum of 6 years after diagnosis. The benefit of anti-TNFa early in the course of CD is still controversial, with some studies showing better outcomes but others not. To determine whether earlier introduction of anti-TNFa therapy improves efficacy in clinical trials or clinical series, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis comparing early vs late anti-TNFa use in the management of CD.

Methods
A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus was conducted from each database’s inception to November 3, 2019. We included comparative studies of early vs late use of anti-TNFa therapy in adult patients with CD.

Results
Eleven studies were included in the analysis, with a total of 2501 patients. Meta-analysis demonstrated that the early use of anti-TNFa was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the need for surgery (relative risk [RR] = 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26–0.69; I2 = 68%) and disease progression (RR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.35–0.75; I2 = 61%). Early use also showed an increase in early remission (RR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.54–2.46; I2 = 0%) and clinical response. There was no statistically significant difference in achieving late remission (RR = 1.39; 95% CI, 0.94–2.05; I2 = 65%) or mucosal healing (RR = 1.10; 95% CI, 0.63–1.91; I2 = 0%).

Conclusion
This systematic review suggests that using anti-TNFa earlier in the treatment of CD (within 3 years) may improve clinical outcomes compared to late administration in terms of achieving early clinical remission, clinical response, disease progression, and the need for surgery.
A Framework to Monitor Changes in Transmission and Epidemiology of Emerging Pathogens: Lessons From Nipah Virus
Authors: Nikolay Birgit , Salje Henrik , Khan A K M Dawlat , Sazzad Hossain M S , Satter Syed M , Rahman Mahmudur , Doan Stephanie , Knust Barbara , Flora Meerjady Sabrina , Luby Stephen P , Cauchemez Simon , Gurley Emily S 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is of uttermost importance that the global health community develops the surveillance capability to effectively monitor emerging zoonotic pathogens that constitute a major and evolving threat for human health. In this study, we propose a comprehensive framework to measure changes in (1) spillover risk, (2) interhuman transmission, and (3) morbidity/mortality associated with infections based on 6 epidemiological key indicators derived from routine surveillance. We demonstrate the indicators’ value for the retrospective or real-time assessment of changes in transmission and epidemiological characteristics using data collected through a long-standing, systematic, hospital-based surveillance system for Nipah virus in Bangladesh. We show that although interhuman transmission and morbidity/mortality indicators were stable, the number and geographic extent of spillovers varied significantly over time. This combination of systematic surveillance and active tracking of transmission and epidemiological indicators should be applied to other high-risk emerging pathogens to prevent public health emergencies.
Collaborative Study of Three Methods for Determination of Aflatoxin in Peanuts and Peanut Products
Authors: Waltking A E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study directly comparing the proposed BF method with the two AOAC official first action methods for aflatoxin in peanut products (commonly designated as the CB and t he Celite methods) was carried out on both naturally contaminated ground peanuts and specially prepared peanut butters, as well as commercial peanut butter and peanut meal to which known amounts of the anatoxins were added. Included in the study were: comparisons of a proposed variation in the CB method; a study of silica gels used for the cleanup step of the CB method; comparison of the visual and instrumental evaluation of the TLC plates; and a spectrophotometric procedure for calibration of the standards. Statistical evaluation of t h e results indicated that no advantage was obtainable through the proposed revision in the CB method nor in the use of a common silica gel lot for t h e cleanup column. The standard calibration method was shown to be both accurate and precise and instrumental evaluations of the TLC plates were shown to be more precise than visual determinations. In addition to being faster and more convenient and requiring less reagents,the BF method was equal to the official methods with respect to between-and withinlaboratory precision and accuracy.
Note on Improved Method for Determination of Vitamins D2 and D3 in Pharmaceuticals by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Erdody P , Murray T K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Micro columns of silicic acid are substituted for TLC in the GLC determination of vitamins D2 and D3 in pharmaceuticals. By using the micro columns, a more diverse range of pharmaceutical preparations can be analyzed.
Titrimetric Determination of Dithiodiglycolic Acid in Cold Permanent Wave Solutions
Authors: Bauza Milda J , Nelson J W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Dithiodiglycolic acid (DTDGA) is determined in cold permanent wave solutions containing thioglycolic acid (TGA) by a procedure based on reduction of DTDGA to TGA and titration with standard iodine solution. The increase in titer between the reduced and unreduced sample represents DTDGA. Five collaborators analyzed each of two commercial products and four synthetic mixtures for TGA and DTDGA content. Results of the study show an average recovery of 101% for the total acids (DTDGA + TGA). Standard deviation is 2.8% for DTDGA and 1.2% for the total acids. It is recommended that the method be adopted as official first action.
Molar Absorptivity Values for Aflatoxins and Justification for Their Use as Criteria of Purity of Analytical Standards
Authors: Rodricks J V , Stoloff L , Pons W A , Robertson J A , Goldblatt L A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Measurements of molar absorptivities in methanol were carried out by two laboratories on samples of anatoxins Bi and Gi prepared and purified independently in four laboratories and on samples of aflatoxins B2 and G2 prepared and purified independently in three laboratories. Molar absorptivities of pure aflatoxins Bi, B2, G1, and G2 in benzene-acetonitrile (98 + 2) were determined at two laboratories. With the exception of aflatoxin G2, no significant difference between aflatoxin samples could be demonstrated. Molar absorptivity values and absorbance ratios for each aflatoxin, based on these data, are given. Statistical 95% confidence limits were established for a single determination of molar absorptivity. A statistical study was made of the components of variance which contribute to the accuracy of the determination of molar absorptivity. A comparison of the fluorescence intensities of spots of various aflatoxin preparations, developed on silica gel-coated thin layer plates, with the amount of aflatoxin in each spotting solution as determined by absorbance measurements, demonstrated the validity of using absorbance and fluorescence comparison measurements for aflatoxin quantitation.
Determination of Ethylene Oxide and Ethylene Chlorohydrin in Plastic and Rubber Surgical Equipment Sterilized with Ethylene Oxide
Authors: Brown Daniel J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is presented for the determination of ethylene chlorohydrin and ethylene oxide residues in plastic and rubber surgical equipment. Samples are extracted with p-xylene and the desired constituents are isolated by column chromatography. Ethylene oxide is converted to ethylene chlorohydrin on a Celite column. Sweep co-distillation is then employed for further purification, if necessary, before gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. The lower detection limit is approximately 25 ng. Recoveries of 3.5’50 ppm chlorohydrin from 20’35 g samples range from 64 to 100%, depending on the absorbing capacity of the material being analyzed and the condition of the adsorbent.
Extraction and Gas Chromatographic Determination of N-Nitrosodimethylamine in Smoked Fish: Application to Smoked Nitrite-Treated Chub
Authors: Howard John W , Fazio Thomas , Watts James O 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
N-Nitrosodimethylamine can be determined in smoked nitrite-treated chub fish as follows: The fish sample is digested in methanolic potassium hydroxide; the nitrosamine is distilled from alkaline solution, further isolated by extraction and column chromatographic techniques, and determined by GLC with a modified thermionic detector. Recoveries of N-nitrosodimethylamine added at levels of 10 ppb ranged from 70 to 86%. The application of the procedure to the analysis of 5 experimental lots of smoked nitrite-treated chubs indicates that N-nitrosodimethylamine is not produced in the flesh under the conditions of the processing treatment used.
Stability of Individual Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 Standards in Benzene and Chloroform Solutions
Authors: Robertson J A , Pons W A , Goldblatt L A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 primary standards were stored in benzene and chloroform solutions for 1 year at 28 and –18°C. Storage at either temperature produced only minor changes in molar absorptivity; the decreases ranged from 0.5 to 2.9% and averaged 1.9% at 28°C and ranged from 0.3 to 1.4% and averaged 1.0% at –18°C. Solution fluorescence KQ showed a greater decrease; it ranged from 8 to 22% and averaged 15% at 28°C and ranged from 7 to 19% and averaged 14% at –18°C. Thin layer chromatography of standards stored 1 year showed a single spot for each aflatoxin and the absence of any other fluorescent derivatives.
GLC Determination of Ethopabate in Chicken Tissues by Derivative Formation
Authors: Handy P R , Holzer F J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The published method for the determination of ethopabate residues in chicken tissues has been improved by formation of the 2,4- dinitrophenyl derivative of m-phenetidine, which is produced by hydrolysis of ethopabate. The derivative is suitable for gas-liquid chromatography, using an electron affinity detector, and allows a simpler cleanup procedure. The sensitivity of the method is about 0.05 ppm; average recoveries at 0.5 ppm range between 66 and 97% for all tissues.
Nalidixic Acid in Chicken Tissue
Authors: Browning Robert S , Pratt Edward L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Nalidixic acid in chicken muscle and liver homogenates can be estimated by spectrophotofluorimetric measurement. The method, effective for determining nalidixic acid in tissue at levels of 100 ppb, involves extraction, cleanup, and measurement of fluorescence of the isolated drug in 60% H2SO4. In a collaborative study the average recovery was 93% of actual values and the overall estimated standard deviation was 26 ppb. The method is recommended for adoption as official first action.
Specific GLC Method for Determining Residues of Carbaryl by Electron Capture Detection after Derivative Formation
Authors: Butler Lillian I , Mcdonough Leslie M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Residues of carbaryl were determined by a specific procedure based on the preparation of two derivatives. Samples of bees, bee bread, bee pollen, and cows’ milk were extracted with chloroform and cleaned up by acetonitrile petroleum ether partitioning and then by liquid chromatography. Subsequently the residues were hydrolyzed to 1-naphthol, part of which was trichloroacetylated and part of which was brominated and acetylated. Both derivatives were then determined by electron capture gas chromatography on the same column and at the same temperature . This procedure required only slightly more time than analysis by preparation of a single derivative. Recoveries from samples fortified at levels of 0.005–16.0 p pm ranged from 70 to 112%.
Thin Layer Chromatographic Separation and Chromogenic Detection of Diazinon and Some of Its Known or Suspected Metabolites and/or Degradation Products
Authors: Siewierski Marie , Helrich Kenneth 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Diazinon and 5 of its known or suspected transformation products were chromatographed on thin layer sheets and thin layer silica gel plates, using a variety of solvents. Ten chromogenic sprays with sensitivity ranges from 0.05 to 1 μg were used to identify the migrated compounds on the thin layer chromatogram. Two-dimensional TLC separated all the compounds in a single procedure. Several crops fortified at levels of 0.5 to 2.0 ppm were successfully analyzed for these compounds.