bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Ion‐Conducting, Scalable, and Mechanically Reinforced Ceramic Film for High Voltage Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Kim Hyun Woo , Han Jinhyup , Lim Young Jun , Choi YunSeok , Lee Eungje , Kim Youngsik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConcerning the safety aspects of Li+ ion batteries, an epoxy‐reinforced thin ceramic film (ERTCF) is prepared by firing and sintering a slurry‐casted composite powder film. The ERTCF is composed of Li+ ion conduction channels and is made of high amounts of sintered ceramic Li1+xTi2‐xAlx(PO4)3 (LATP) and epoxy polymer with enhanced mechanical properties for solid‐state batteries. The 2D and 3D characterizations are conducted not only for showing continuous Li+ ion channels thorough LATP ceramic channels with over 10−4 S cm−1 of ionic conductivity but also to investigate small amounts of epoxy polymer with enhanced mechanical properties. Solid‐state Li+ ion cells are fabricated using the ERTCF and they show initial charge–discharge capacities of 139/133 mAh g−1. Furthermore, the scope of the ERTCF is expanded to high‐voltage (>8 V) solid‐state Li+ ion batteries through a bipolar stacked cell design. Hence, it is expected that the present investigation will significantly contribute in the preparation of the next generation reinforced thin ceramic film electrolytes for high‐voltage solid‐state batteries.
High‐Performance and Reliable Lead‐Free Layered‐Perovskite Transistors
Authors: Zhu Huihui , Liu Ao , Shim Kyu In , Hong Jisu , Han Jeong Woo , Noh Yong‐Young 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPerovskites have been intensively investigated for their use in solar cells and light‐emitting diodes. However, research on their applications in thin‐film transistors (TFTs) has drawn less attention despite their high intrinsic charge carrier mobility. In this study, the universal approaches for high‐performance and reliable p‐channel lead‐free phenethylammonium tin iodide TFTs are reported. These include self‐passivation for grain boundary by excess phenethylammonium iodide, grain crystallization control by adduct, and iodide vacancy passivation through oxygen treatment. It is found that the grain boundary passivation can increase TFT reproducibility and reliability, and the grain size enlargement can hike the TFT performance, thus, enabling the first perovskite‐based complementary inverter demonstration with n‐channel indium gallium zinc oxide TFTs. The inverter exhibits a high gain over 30 with an excellent noise margin. This work aims to provide widely applicable and repeatable methods to make the gate more open for intensive efforts toward high‐performance printed perovskite TFTs.
Engineered Creation of Periodic Giant, Nonuniform Strains in MoS2 Monolayers
Authors: Blundo Elena , Di Giorgio Cinzia , Pettinari Giorgio , Yildirim Tanju , Felici Marco , Lu Yuerui , Bobba Fabrizio , Polimeni Antonio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe realization of ordered strain fields in 2D crystals is an intriguing perspective in many respects, including the instauration of novel transport regimes and enhanced device performances. However, the current straining techniques hardly allow to reach strains higher than ≈3% and in most cases there is no control over the strain distribution. In this work, a method is demonstrated to subject micrometric regions of atomically thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) to giant strains with the desired ordering. Selective hydrogen‐irradiation of bulk flakes allows the creation of arrays of size/position‐controlled monolayer domes containing pressurized hydrogen. However, the gas pressure is ruled by energy minimization, limiting the extent and geometry of the mechanical deformation of the 2D membrane. Here, a protocol is developed to create a mechanical constraint, that alters remarkably the morphology of the domes, otherwise subject to universal scaling laws, as demonstrated by atomic force microscopy. This enables the realization of unprecedented periodic configurations of large strain gradients—estimated by numerical simulations—with the highest strains being close to the rupture critical values (>10%). The creation of such high strains is confirmed by Raman experiments. The method proposed here represents an important step toward the strain engineering of 2D crystals.
Synthesis of Allylamine Derivatives via Intermolecular Aza‐Wacker‐Type Reaction Promoted by Palladium‐SPRIX Catalyst
Authors: Sen Abhijit , Zhu Linpeng , Takizawa Shinobu , Takenaka Kazuhiro , Sasai Hiroaki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn intermolecular aza‐Wacker‐type reaction was developed. When a readily available olefin was treated with a nitrogen nucleophile in the presence of a Pd‐SPRIX complex and potassium persulfate, allylamine derivatives were obtained with high yield and excellent regioselectivity. The mechanistic studies showed that the reaction followed first‐order dependence on the olefin as well as palladium catalyst, but zero‐order dependence on the nitrogen nucleophile.magnified image
Is 2020 the year when primatologists should cancel fieldwork?
Authors: Reid Michael J. C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractYear 2020 has brought the greatest global pandemic to hit the world since the end of the First World War. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the resulting disease named coronavirus disease 2019 has brought the world to its knees both financially and medically. The American Society of Primatologists has postponed their annual meetings from the end of May 2020 until the end of September 2020, while the International Primatological Society have postponed their biennial congress from August 2020 to August 2021, which has also resulted in their 2022 meetings in Malaysia being pushed back until 2023. Here, I explore the potential dangers of pursuing any primate fieldwork during this pandemic on our study species, their ecosystems, and local peoples. I believe that the risk of bringing this virus into our study ecosystems is too great and that primatologists should cancel all field research until the pandemic ends or a vaccine/reliable treatment is widely available. This is the year we all must become One Health practitioners!
Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals in Metal–Organic Framework Host: Not Merely Enhanced Stability
Authors: Zhang Congyang , Li Wanbin , Li Liang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs an emerging optical material, perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties and show great potential for various optoelectronic applications. However, the inherent inferior stability against moisture, oxygen, light and heat limit their practical application. As well, the exploration and development of perovskite NCs with novel properties and functions are new challenges. To achieve these goals, the integration and encapsulation of perovskite NCs with multifunctional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to form perovskite NC@MOF composites, is a promising strategy for enhancing the stability and broadening the application scope. In this minireview, we summarize and discuss the synthesis strategies and functional mechanisms of perovskite NC@MOF composites, along with applications of light emitting diodes (LED), information security, photocatalysis, sensing, and detection. We further briefly point out the current challenges as well as the future opportunities for the emerged composite materials.
Study of polymerization kinetics and copolymerization behavior ofN‐[3‐(dimethylamino)propyl]methacryamide and cationic surfmers
Authors: Wang Yifan , Duan Ming , Wang Xiujun , Jing Bo , Wang Fei , Xiong Yan , Fang Shenwen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGas flotation is one of the important technologies for oily wastewater treatment and the surface‐active polymer is an important kind of developing flotation agents. In this article, the flotation performance, polymerization kinetics, and copolymerization behavior of surface‐active copolymer ofN‐[3‐(dimethylamino) propyl] methacrylamide (DMAPMA) and dodecyl dimethyl propenyl ammonium chloride (C12DM) and copolymer of DMAPMA and decyl dimethyl vinylbenzyl ammonium chloride(C10MVBA) were investigated. The flotation experiment showed that both copolymers had an oil removal of 97% at the concentration of 30 mg/L. The result of polymerization kinetics showed that the polymerization initiation rate was influenced by the monomer concentration and the polymerization termination was dominated by bimolecular termination and accompanied by unimolecular termination. The activation energy of DMAPMA‐C12DM copolymerization (89.64 kJ/mol) was smaller than that of DMAPMA‐C10MVBA (91.65 kJ/mol) copolymerization. The reactivity ratios of DMAPMA and C12DM were 0.46 and 15.52, respectively, as well as the reactivity ratios of DMAPMA and C10MVBA were 1.19 and 35.77, respectively. These results are meaningful for the oily wastewater flotation and the copolymerization mechanism of DMAPMA‐based copolymer.
The Effects of Vitamin D and Marine Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Chronic Knee Pain in Older US Adults: Results From a Randomized Trial
Authors: MacFarlane Lindsey A. , Cook Nancy R. , Kim Eunjung , Lee I‐Min , Iversen Maura D. , Gordon David , Buring Julie E. , Katz Jeffrey N. , Manson JoAnn E. , Costenbader Karen H. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveKnee pain from osteoarthritis is frequent in the adult population. Prior trials have had conflicting results concerning the therapeutic effects of vitamin D on knee pain, and few trials have investigated marine Omega‐3 fatty acids (n‐3 FA).MethodsIn the double‐blind, placebo‐controlled Vitamin D and Omega‐3 Trial (VITAL), 25,871 US adults were randomized in a 2‐by‐2 factorial design to receive vitamin D or n‐3 FA. We identified a subgroup with chronic knee pain prior to randomization and assessed knee pain at baseline and annually during follow‐up using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) (graded on a 0–100 scale, where 100 indicates worst symptoms). Repeated measures modeling was used to test the effect of randomized treatment on WOMAC pain scores over follow‐up after adjustment for age and sex. Analyses were repeated for WOMAC function and stiffness.ResultsThis study included 1,398 participants who returned at least one knee pain questionnaire. The mean age was 67.7 years, 66% were women, and the mean ± SD WOMAC pain score was 37 ± 19. The mean ± SD follow‐up time was 5.3 ± 0.7 years. WOMAC pain did not differ between the active vitamin D group and the vitamin D placebo group or between the active n‐3 FA group and the n‐3 FA placebo group at any time point during follow‐up. Linear time‐by‐treatment interactions were not significant for either treatment (vitamin D, P = 0.41; n‐3 FA, P = 0.77). Vitamin D and n‐3 FA supplementation did not significantly affect WOMAC function or stiffness scores over time.ConclusionOur findings indicate that vitamin D and n‐3 FA supplementation for a mean of 5.3 years does not reduce knee pain or improve function or stiffness in a large sample of US adults with chronic knee pain.
Efficient Noble‐Metal‐Free Catalysts Supported by Three‐Dimensional Ordered Hierarchical Porous Carbon
Authors: Zhou Weiqiang , Liang Teo Wei , Wang Dongdong , Zuo Gancheng , Jana Deblin , Qian Cheng , Wang Hou , Liu Jiawei , Zhao Yanli 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDevelopment of heterogeneous catalysts has attracted increasing attention, owing to their remarkable catalytic performance and recyclability. Herein, we report well‐developed heterogeneous catalysts with a three‐dimensional ordered hierarchical structure, constructed from nickel or cobalt nanoparticles embedded in porous carbon. The obtained catalysts were fully characterized by several techniques. On account of the uniform distribution of metal nanoparticles in the porous carbon matrix and large diffusion channels that allow for effective mass transport, the catalysts exhibited superior catalytic performance for styrene epoxidation reaction. In particular, the catalysts showed good catalytic activity, high selectivity and excellent recyclability toward the styrene epoxidation. Thus, this facile approach developed allows for fabricating advanced heterogeneous catalysts with high catalytic activities for useful practical applications.
Planen und Bauen mit Holz – effizient und sicher
Authors: Lechner Markus , Engel Thomas , Kurzer Christoph , Rauch Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDas mehrgeschossige Bauen mit Holz erfreut sich steigender Beliebtheit und nimmt in den europäischen und außereuropäischen Ländern in den letzten Jahren stark zu. Diese Entwicklung wird in Deutschland gegenwärtig noch von bauordnungsrechtlichen Einschränkungen für den brennbaren Baustoff Holz gebremst. Abweichungen vom landesspezifischen Bauordnungsrecht sind oftmals die einzige Lösung und stellen eine besondere Herausforderung für die Planer dar. Unabhängig vom Baustoff müssen Planung und Bau immer unter Berücksichtigung der geltenden Gesetze, Verordnungen und Richtlinien erfolgen. Zur Gestaltung eines effizienten und sicheren Planungs‐ und Bauablaufs stehen dem Bauherren, dem Entwurfsverfasser, den Fachplanern und den ausführenden Firmen praxisorientierte Planungshilfen wie der „Brandschutznavigator“ und die Bauteildatenbank „dataholz.eu“ zur Verfügung. Während der Brandschutznavigator Hintergründe und Vorgaben in Bezug auf das Bauordnungsrecht für den Baustoff Holz präsentiert, stellt die Bauteildatenbank dataholz.eu eine umfangreiche Auswahl an Bauteilen mit Nachweisdokumenten, Anschlussdetails und Projektbeispielen zur Verfügung. Dieser Beitrag zeigt anhand von ausgewählten Anwendungsbeispielen im Holzbau die bauordnungsrechtliche Sachlage und die zielgerichtete Einbindung der beiden Webseiten in den Planungs‐ und Bauprozess.
How to arouse students' desire to learn biochemistry
Authors: Yang Rongwu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTeaching biochemistry well is not an easy job for teachers and so is learning biochemistry well for students. Just as many students often complain, they virtually always fail in either physiology or biochemistry. I have been teaching biochemistry at Nanjing University for over 25 years and am very successful in my biochemistry‐teaching career. The way and style that I teach biochemistry is highly praised by both my students and my fellow teachers. As an instructor, the most important thing is, I think, you have to do your best to arouse or ignite students' interest in biochemistry learning. But how? In this article, I will introduce many first‐hand practical tips on how to arouse the students ‘interest in studying biochemistry from giving the first lecture to last lecture, from how to combine advanced teaching methods with traditional teaching methods to how to combine classic biochemistry with latest biochemical developments, from the main classroom teaching to organization of extracurricular activities as the second classroom, and so on. These tips are proven very useful and then can be followed by other professors who are teaching biochemistry. Hopefully, they can help many professors improve their skills for teaching biochemistry.
Incubators: Building community networks and developing open educational resources to integrate bioinformatics into life science education
Authors: Ryder Elizabeth F. , Morgan William R. , Sierk Michael , Donovan Samuel S. , Robertson Sabrina D. , Orndorf Hayley C. , Rosenwald Anne G. , Triplett Eric W. , Dinsdale Elizabeth , Pauley Mark A. , Tapprich William E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile it is essential for life science students to be trained in modern techniques and approaches, rapidly developing, interdisciplinary fields such as bioinformatics present distinct challenges to undergraduate educators. In particular, many educators lack training in new fields, and high‐quality teaching and learning materials may be sparse. To address this challenge with respect to bioinformatics, the Network for the Integration of Bioinformatics into Life Science Education (NIBLSE), in partnership with Quantitative Undergraduate Biology Education and Synthesis (QUBES), developed incubators, a novel collaborative process for the development of open educational resources (OER). Incubators are short‐term, online communities that refine unpublished teaching lessons into more polished and widely usable learning resources. The resulting products are published and made freely available in the NIBLSE Resource Collection, providing recognition of scholarly work by incubator participants. In addition to producing accessible, high‐quality resources, incubators also provide opportunities for faculty development. Because participants are intentionally chosen to represent a range of expertise in bioinformatics and pedagogy, incubators also build professional connections among educators with diverse backgrounds and perspectives and promote the discussion of practical issues involved in deploying a resource in the classroom. Here we describe the incubator process and provide examples of beneficial outcomes. Our experience indicates that incubators are a low cost, short‐term, flexible method for the development of OERs and professional community that could be adapted to a variety of disciplinary and pedagogical contexts.
Altered somatosensory evoked potentials associated with improved reaction time in a simple sensorimotor response task following repetitive practice
Authors: Akaiwa Mayu , Iwata Koki , Saito Hidekazu , Sasaki Takeshi , Sugawara Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionRepetitive practice of sensorimotor tasks is widely used for neurorehabilitation; however, it is unknown how practice alters sensory processing (e.g., recognition, discrimination, and attentional allocation) and associated cognitive processing, such as decision‐making. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether long‐latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) reflecting sensory processing, attention, and decision‐making are altered by sensorimotor learning.MethodsFifteen participants performed a simple sensorimotor response task (thumb opposition in response to surface electrical stimulation), with experimental recording sessions before and after three days of practice. We then compared multiple SEP waveforms and reaction times (RTs) between pre‐ and postpractice trials.ResultsThe RT was reduced after practice of three days, and we found a significant positive correlation between ΔRT and ΔN140lat at F3, Cz, and C3′, ΔRT and ΔN250lat at F3, and there was a significant negative correlation between ΔRT and ΔP300amp at C3′.ConclusionThe present study suggests that motor learning improves somatosensory processing and attentional allocation via neuroplasticity and that these alterations are reflected by specific SEP changes.
Memory deficits in Sprague Dawley rats with spontaneous ventriculomegaly
Authors: Luna‐Munguia Hiram , Gasca‐Martinez Deisy , Marquez‐Bravo Luis , Concha Luis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionSpontaneous ventriculomegaly has been observed in rats that were presumed normal. Because the external phenotype of these animals is unremarkable, they can be inadvertently included in behavioral experiments, despite the considerable enlargement of the ventricular system, reduced cortical thickness, and hippocampal atrophy upon imaging. Given the role of such structures in memory consolidation, we evaluated long‐term memory retention while decision making in rats with spontaneous ventriculomegaly.MethodsWe studied adult male Sprague Dawley rats, identified as having spontaneous ventriculomegaly, while performing baseline magnetic resonance imaging scanning intended for a different research protocol. Control (n = 7) and experimental (n = 6) animals were submitted to a delayed‐alternation task (no delay, 30, 60, and 180 s) and an object‐in‐context recognition task. During the first task, we evaluated the number of correct choices as well as the latency to reach any of the cavities located at the end of each branch arm during each trial. The second task assessed the rodents’ ability to remember where they had previously encountered a specific object, calculating the context recognition index.ResultsWhen compared to control animals, rats with spontaneous ventriculomegaly required significantly more training sessions to reach the 80% criterion during the training phase. Moreover, they showed reduced delayed‐alternation performance in the evaluated times, reaching significance only at 180 s. Increased latencies while trying to reach the cavity were also observed. Evaluation of the long‐term memory formation during the object‐in‐context recognition task showed that subjects with ventriculomegaly spent less time investigating the familiar object, resulting in a significantly decreased recognition index value.ConclusionOur results are the first to show how spontaneous ventriculomegaly‐induced cerebral structural damage affects decision‐making behaviors, particularly when comparing between immediate and delayed trials. Moreover, this lesion disrupts the animals’ ability to recall or express contextual information.
Modulation of transmembrane pressure in manufacturing scale tangential flow filtration N‐1 perfusion seed culture
Authors: Karst Daniel J. , Ramer Kevin , Hughes Erik H. , Jiang Canping , Jacobs Pieter J. , Mitchelson Fernie G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMammalian cells were grown to high density in a 3,000 L culture using perfusion with hollow fibers operated in a tangential flow filtration mode. The high‐density culture was used to inoculate the production stage of a biomanufacturing process. At constant permeate flux operation, increased transmembrane pressures (TMPs) were observed on the final day of the manufacturing batches. Small scale studies suggested that the filters were not irreversibly fouled, but rather exposed to membrane concentration polarization that could be relieved by tangential sweeping of the hollow fibers. Studies were undertaken to analyze parameters that influence the hydrodynamic profile within hollow fibers; including filter area, cell density, recirculation flow rate, and permeate flow rate. Results indicated that permeate flow rate had the greatest influence on modulating TMP. Further evaluation showed a significant decrease in TMP when permeate flow was reduced, and this occurred without any negative effect on cell growth or viability. Hence, a 30% reduction of permeate flow rate was implemented at manufacturing scale. A stable operation was achieved as TMP was successfully reduced by 75% while preserving all critical factors for performance in the perfusion bioreactor.