bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Biomarkers Do Not Differ Between Persistently Seronegative vs Seropositive People With HIV After Treatment in Early Acute HIV Infection
Authors: Cai Catherine W , Pinyakorn Suteeraporn , Kroon Eugène , de Souza Mark , Colby Donn J , Pankam Tippawan , Pattanachaiwit Supanit , Ubolyam Sasiwimol , Rupert Adam , Lallemand Perrine , Dewar Robin , Highbarger Helene C , Ananworanich Jintanat , Vasan Sandhya , Sereti Irini 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Persistent viral activity may cause enduring seropositivity and inflammation in treated people with HIV (PWH). We compared inflammatory biomarkers between early treated PWH who remained seronegative or seroconverted and found similar levels of D-dimer, soluble cluster of differentiation 14, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6, indicating that seronegativity does not affect chronic inflammation in early treated PWH.
Sequential Regular Variation: Extensions of Kendall’s Theorem
Authors: Bingham Nicholas H , Ostaszewski Adam J 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRegular variation is a continuous-parameter theory; we work in a general setting, containing the existing Karamata, Bojanic–Karamata/de Haan and Beurling theories as special cases. We give sequential versions of the main theorems, that is, with sequential rather than continuous limits. This extends the main result, a theorem of Kendall’s (which builds on earlier work of Kingman and Croft), to the general setting.
Short-termism, Managerial Talent, and Firm Value
Authors: Thakor Richard T 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper examines how the firm’s choice of investment horizon interacts with rent-seeking by privately informed, multitasking managers and the labor market. Two main results surface. First, managers prefer longer-horizon projects that permit them to extract higher rents from firms, so short-termism involves lower agency costs and is value maximizing for some firms. Second, when firms compete for managers, firms practicing short-termism attract better managerial talent when talent is unobservable, but larger firms that invest in long-horizon projects hire more talented managers when talent is revealed. (JEL D82, D86, G31, G32, J41)Received July 25, 2019; editorial decision July 7, 2020 by Editor Uday Rajan.
Efficacy of baricitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis with 3 years of treatment: results from a long-term study
Authors: Smolen Josef S , Xie Li , Jia Bochao , Taylor Peter C , Burmester Gerd , Tanaka Yoshiya , Elias Ayesha , Cardoso Anabela , Ortmann Rob , Walls Chad , Dougados Maxime 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the long-term efficacy of once-daily baricitinib 4 mg in patients with active RA who were either naïve to DMARDs or who had inadequate response (IR) to MTX.

Methods
Analyses of data from two completed 52-week, phase III studies, RA-BEGIN (DMARD-naïve) and RA-BEAM (MTX-IR), and one ongoing long-term extension (LTE) study (RA-BEYOND) were performed (148 total weeks). At week 52, DMARD-naïve patients treated with MTX monotherapy or baricitinib 4 mg+MTX in RA-BEGIN were switched to open-label baricitinib 4 mg monotherapy; MTX-IR patients treated with adalimumab (+MTX) in RA-BEAM were switched to open-label baricitinib 4 mg (+MTX) in the LTE. Patients who received placebo (+MTX) were switched to baricitinib 4 mg (+MTX) at week 24. Low disease activity (LDA) [Simple Disease Activity Index (SDAI) ≤11], clinical remission (SDAI ≤ 3.3), and physical functioning [Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) ≤ 0.5] were assessed. Data were assessed using a non-responder imputation.

Results
At week 148, SDAI LDA was achieved in up to 61% of DMARD-naïve patients and 59% of MTX-IR patients initially treated with baricitinib, and SDAI remission was achieved in up to 34% of DMARD-naïve patients and 24% of MTX-IR patients; HAQ-DI ≤ 0.5 was reached in up to 48% of DMARD-naïve patients and 38% of MTX-IR patients initially treated with baricitinib. Over 148 weeks, 3.6% and 10.7% of MTX-IR patients discontinued across treatment groups due to lack of efficacy or due to adverse events, respectively; discontinuation rates were similar in the DMARD-naïve population.

Conclusion
Treatment with baricitinib 4 mg demonstrated efficacy for up to 3 years and was well tolerated.
Do Psychological Interventions Work for Psychosis in Adolescents?
Authors: Daruvala Rhea , Kumar Ajit , Datta Soumitra Shankar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
There is emerging evidence to show that psychological interventions such as cognitive remediation therapy (CRT), psychoeducation, family therapy, and group psychotherapies may be useful for adolescents with psychosis. The current review is on the effects of various psychological interventions for adolescents with psychosis compared with treatment as usual (TAU) or other psychological interventions.

Methods
We undertook a comprehensive search for all randomized controlled trials on the topic as per predefined criteria. For binary data, a standard estimation of risk ratio, and, for continuous data, the mean difference between groups were estimated. GRADE approach was used to assess studies. “Risk of Bias” was calculated, and finally random-effects model was used for analyses.

Results
The review included 7 studies (n = 317). Two studies compared CRT and TAU with TAU alone. CRT showed improvement in short-term memory compared with those in the TAU group (relative risk 0.58, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.89, participants = 31, very low-certainty evidence). When comparing group psychosocial therapy with TAU, global state scores measured using Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) were clearly higher in the intervention arm (mean difference 5.10, 95% CI 1.35 to 8.85, participants = 56, very low-certainty evidence) as compared with the TAU group. None of the other interventions were found to be significantly effective for the treatment of psychosis in adolescents.

Conclusions
Evidence suggests that psychological interventions may have beneficial effects in the treatment of adolescents with psychosis, but the evidence is of low or very low certainty.
A partial compensation scheme for MMC-based railway cophase power supply
Authors: Sun Peiliang , Li Kang , Xing Chen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a partial compensation scheme for V/v transformer cophase traction power supply in high-speed railway systems. The scheme compensates variable traction load current, and controls the current phase at the secondary side of the V/v transformer for power factor correction and negative sequence current reduction. To achieve this, the grid side current phase angles are optimized while satisfying the grid code on the power factor and voltage unbalance limits. The optimized phase angles are then used to design control references under varying load conditions. The compensation control action is updated regularly based on real-time measurements of the traction load, and the required currents are controlled by a 25-level single-phase back-to-back MMC power conditioner to achieve the compensation target. Static and dynamic load compensation performances are verified based on the simulation studies.
The role of PAs in providing mental health care
Authors: Mauldin Sheila G. , Morton-Rias Dawn , Barnhill Grady C. , Kozikowski Andrzej , Hooker Roderick S. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The prevalence of psychiatric and substance use disorders in the United States is rising and of growing concern. Because such behavioral conditions are widespread, one approach is to collaborate with various medical professionals to help offset this demand. To address this issue, the frequency and types of mental health conditions encountered by physician assistants (PAs) were assessed. The National Commission on the Certification of Physician Assistants Practice Analysis was examined for the types of mental health conditions encountered across the spectrum of medical and surgical practices. The findings reveal that, in 2015, at least 62% of PAs saw and evaluated mental health conditions and behavioral disorders at least weekly in their settings. These patient diagnoses were seen with variability based on the specialty of the PA. The highest percentage of cases reported by PAs were in psychiatry, followed by general internal medicine, emergency medicine, family medicine, and hospital medicine. With the profession projected to grow, recruiting, retaining, and integrating more PAs into mental health care is a suggested strategy for addressing national provider shortages.
Universal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) Testing Uptake in the Labor and Delivery Unit
Authors: Kernberg Annessa , Kelly Jeannie , Nazeer Sarah , Russell Sharman , Tuuli Methodius , Stout Molly J. , Raghuraman Nandini , Carter Ebony B. 
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing uptake in the labor and delivery unit and rationales for declining testing, and to institute a process to increase equitable testing uptake.

METHODS:
We conducted a quality-improvement initiative from May 28–June 25, 2020, during the first 4 weeks of universal SARS-CoV-2 testing in the Barnes-Jewish Hospital labor and delivery unit. All consecutive patients presenting for delivery without coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms were offered testing over four 1-week phases. Phase I documented the rate of testing uptake. Phase II recorded patients' reasons for declining testing. Phase III used phase II findings to create and implement shared decision-making tools. Phase IV offered each patient who declined nasopharyngeal testing an oropharyngeal alternative. The primary outcome was rate of SARS-CoV-2 testing uptake by phase.

RESULTS:
Of 270 patients, 223 (83%) accepted testing and 47 (17%) declined. Maternal age and mode of delivery were similar between groups, whereas testing uptake was higher among nulliparous, White, Hispanic, or privately insured patients. There was a significant increase in the primary outcome of SARS-CoV-2 testing across phases I–IV, from 68% to 76% to 94% to 95%, respectively (Somers' D 0.45; 95% CI of association 0.30–0.59). The most commonly cited reason for declining testing was concern regarding testing discomfort. In subgroup analyses by race and insurance type, there was a significant increase in testing uptake across phases I–IV for Black patients (56%, 54%, 91%, 92%; Somers' D 0.36; 95% CI of association 0.28–0.64), White patients (76%, 93%, 96%, 100%; Somers' D 0.59; 95% CI of association 0.38–0.8), those with Medicaid insurance (60%, 64%, 88%, 92%; 95%; Somers' D 0.39; CI of association 0.22 to 0.56), and those with private insurance (77%, 96%, 97%, 100%; Somers' D 0.63; 95% CI of association 0.40–0.86).

CONCLUSION:
Universal SARS-CoV-2 testing uptake significantly increased through a rapid-cycle improvement initiative. Aligning hospital policy with patient-centered approaches led to nearly universally acceptable testing.
Immunotherapy in multiple myeloma: when, where, and for who?
Authors: Verkleij Christie P.M. , Korst Charlotte L.B.M. , van de Donk Niels W.C.J. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
Immunotherapy is transforming treatment of multiple myeloma patients in all stages of their disease. This review will discuss recent developments in immunotherapy in multiple myeloma with a focus on antibodies, antibody–drug conjugates, and T-cell-redirection strategies.

Recent findings
CD38-targeting antibodies have single agent activity in multiple myeloma, and especially when combined with other drugs, are improving the clinical outcome of patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Also the SLAMF7-targeting antibody, elotuzumab, improves the survival of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients, when it is combined with either lenalidomide or pomalidomide. Several novel immunotherapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells, antibody–drug conjugates, and bispecific antibodies, are active in patients who developed resistance to all currently available antimultiple myeloma drugs, including immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, and CD38 antibodies. These new immunotherapeutic agents frequently target B-cell maturation antigen, which is highly and uniformly expressed on multiple myeloma cells. However, other targets, such as GPRC5D, are also being investigated.

Summary
Immunotherapy is incorporated into first-line and relapse regimens, and is improving the survival of both newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients.
Adjuvant treatment of early male breast cancer
Authors: Corti Chiara , Crimini Edoardo , Criscitiello Carmen , Trapani Dario , Curigliano Giuseppe 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
Male breast cancer (MaBC) is a rare disease, and some challenges exist in its management because current treatment recommendations are extrapolated from trials that mostly excluded men. This review will revise all available data that could improve the treatment of MaBC, with a special focus on adjuvant systemic treatments.

Recent findings
To date, men with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, who are candidates for adjuvant endocrine therapy, should be offered tamoxifen (TAM) for five years. Additional five years are possible, according to tolerance and recurrence risk. If TAM is contraindicated, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist or antagonist and aromatase inhibitor should be proposed. Chemotherapy and targeted therapy in the other breast cancer subtypes should be used with the same indications offered to women with breast cancer. All men with breast cancer should be offered genetic counseling and germline genetic testing of cancer predisposition genes.

Summary
For decades, men with breast cancer have been treated suboptimally and denied the participation in clinical trials. Recently, many clinical trials started enrolling both genders, as strongly endorsed by the Food and Drug Administration. Hopefully, this turnaround will help subdue the disparities in the quality of care.
Follicular Unit Excision Punches and Devices
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Love Robin P. , True Robert H. , Harris James A. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND
Follicular unit excision (FUE) is used to harvest follicular units for hair transplantation using trephine punches. The characteristics of FUE punches can impact the success of this technique; thus, many innovative punch designs and devices have been developed. With many options available, it can be difficult for the hair restoration surgeon to know which punch best suits the needs of their patients.

OBJECTIVE
To provide a comprehensive review of punch shapes and devices available.

METHODS
Search of PubMed, reference mining of relevant publications, and hand searching trade publications.

RESULTS
We examined FUE punches and devices and consolidated descriptive information for each to create textual and visual guides. No single punch shape or device may suit all cases; thus, it is important to know the best uses and limitations of each.

CONCLUSION
The surgeon should have a comprehensive knowledge base of available punch shapes and devices and understand the advantages and disadvantages of each. It is also beneficial to have an in-depth knowledge of skin properties and follicular unit structure. Ultimately, understanding the dynamics behind punch excision will enhance the FUE technique.
A Pandemic Application of Creative Destruction in Healthcare
Authors: Short Jeffrey B. , Mammen Adrin 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARY
The story of COVID-19 at Montefiore Health System is not really a story about a virus or a pandemic. It is a story about innovation—accelerating innovation. Indeed, the COVID-19 crisis has spurred innovation at healthcare organizations across the country, helping them respond to unprecedented times. The pandemic radically disrupted the entire healthcare sector as demand and supply shocks simultaneously affected established processes and supply chains. Similarly, patients’ demands for healthcare drastically changed. Nothing could be taken for granted—not even the health of employees or their ability to come to provide care. In this new reality, digital innovation is fundamental for healthcare organizations as they make their transition into recovery. The Montefiore experience exemplifies how the COVID-19 pandemic can serve as the catalyst for digital innovation.
Moving Forward to Nurture Workforce Resilience in Crisis
Authors: Owens Katie M. 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARY
As the CEO of a firm that helps organizations improve performance through culture and learning, and as someone who has spent the past 12 years coaching thousands of individual leaders, staff members, and physicians at hundreds of hospitals and health systems, I have seen both the positive effects of resilience and the negative effects of a lack of resilience. During the COVID-19 pandemic, I and my team have worked with organizations to find ways to help their distressed employees take better care of themselves and, in turn, help their patients as our collective recovery continues.
The aberrant subclavian artery: approach to management
Authors: Karangelis Dimos , Loggos Spiros , Tzifa Aphrodite , Mitropoulos Fotios A. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
Aberrant subclavian artery (ASCA) represents one of the most common congenital vascular anomalies of the aortic arch. The majority of ASCAs are associated with an aneurysm which occurs at their origin from the descending thoracic aorta, namely, the Kommerell's diverticulum. In this review, we discuss recent data with regards to indications of treatment and surgical management of these anatomical variants.

Recent findings
Various surgical methods have been described for the repair of ASCA and Kommerell's diverticulum. Traditionally, treatment included open surgery; however, recent studies describe a shift of conventional treatment to more hybrid or endovascular approaches. The heterogeneity in the anatomy and presentation of these clinical entities as well as patient-related factors have prevented conduction of randomized trials for the best available modality of treatment. This dearth of literature is well depicted in the current guidelines.

Summary
The optimal surgical procedure has to be tailored to every patient according to the presentation, individual anatomy, and patient's risk profile. Conventional surgery for ASCA and Kommerell's diverticulum has acceptable mortality and complication rates, whereas hybrid repairs report encouraging results. Further studies are required to provide sufficient evidence which will formulate a clear frame of treatment indications and optimal surgical methods, as well as evaluate long-term results following hybrid repair.
Wound Dehiscence Following Upper Blepharoplasty: A Review of 2,376 Cases
Authors: Homer Natalie A. , Zhou Siwei , Watson Alison H. , Durairaj Vikram D. , Nakra Tanuj 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
There have been limited studies evaluating specifically the incidence of wound dehiscence following isolated upper blepharoplasty. This is a large-scale upper blepharoplasty review to evaluate the rate of wound dehiscence, to assess risk factors, and to analyze management outcomes.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent upper blepharoplasty at a single surgery center. All incisions were closed using either 6-0 fast-absorbing plain gut or polypropylene suture in a running fashion, with an additional interrupted suture near the lateral wound edge. Incidence of wound dehiscence was determined and further assessed by patient age (≤67 or >67 years), gender, preexisting medical conditions, smoking history, and suture type.

Results:
A total of 1,190 patients (2,376 eyelids) met inclusion criteria. In total, there were 34 instances (1.4%) of wound dehiscence in 32 patients at an average 9 days (range, 0–30 days) following surgery. Evaluation of wound dehiscence rates by demographic factors revealed male gender to be a significant predictor of wound dehiscence (p = 0.0062). Age, hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes were not predictors of wound dehiscence. Lifetime smoking history increased risk for wound dehiscence (p < 0.0001). Use of fast-absorbing plain gut suture was also significantly associated with dehiscence, when compared with polypropylene (p = 0.0025). Multivariate analysis revealed male gender and fast-absorbing plain gut suture to be independent risk factors for wound dehiscence. Seventeen eyelids with wound separation were observed for second-intention healing, 1 underwent delayed scar revision. Fourteen eyelids were repaired primarily using suture and 3 with cyanoacrylate surgical skin adhesive. All patients reported satisfaction with their final outcome, and objective final healing was deemed satisfactory.

Conclusions:
Wound dehiscence following isolated upper blepharoplasty is rare and associated with male gender and fast-absorbing plain gut suture. Patients with wound separation may be successfully managed with individualized care.
Sport Motivation as a Possible Indicator of Concussion Reporting Intentions Among Young Athletes
Authors: Warmath Dee , Winterstein Andrew P. , Myrden Susan 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To assess the relationship between sport motivation and intentions to report concussion symptoms among young adult athletes.

Design:
Cross-sectional study (level of evidence: 3).

Subjects:
One thousand three hundred five young adult athletes of various sports and levels of competitiveness from the Survey Sampling International panel.

Methods:
Data were collected through an online survey. Ordinary least squares regression was used to examine the relationship between motivation and reporting intentions controlling for competitiveness and perceived risk of injury.

Results:
Athletes who play their sport for self-regulated (autonomous) reasons have higher intentions to seek care for concussion-like symptoms, whereas those who play to achieve gains external to the sport or avoid punishment (controlled motivation) have lower intentions. A one-point increase in autonomous motivation was associated with an 11.5-point increase in reporting intention (t = 6.629, P < 0.001), whereas a one-point increase in controlled motivation was associated with an 8.1-point decrease in reporting intention (t = −4.562, P < 0.001). Betas from the model suggested that autonomous motivation had a stronger effect than controlled motivation (0.226 vs −0.163).

Conclusions:
Innovation in care, concussion education, and cultivation of team culture supportive of autonomous motivation could increase concussion reporting. Measuring sport motivation may reveal which athletes require more proactive attention to ensure symptoms are not concealed. Furthermore, messages to reinforce autonomous motivation may increase willingness to report.