bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standards in Biologic Lesions: Cutaneous Thermal Injury and Inhalation Injury Working Group 2018 Meeting Proceedings
Authors: Moffatt Lauren T , Madrzykowski Daniel , Gibson Angela L F , Powell Heather M , Cancio Leopoldo C , Wade Charles E , Choudhry Mashkoor A , Kovacs Elizabeth J , Finnerty Celeste C , Majetschak Matthias , Shupp Jeffrey W ,   The Standards in Biologic Lesions Working Group, Amini-Nik Saeid , Cancio Leopoldo C , Choudhry Mashkoor A , Choudhry Mashkoor A , Christy Robert J , Finnerty Celeste C , Gibson Angela L F , Gurtner Geoffrey C , Holmes James H , Kovacs Elizabeth J , Majetschak Matthias , Martyn J A Jeevendra , Moffatt Lauren T , Muthumalaiappan Kuzhali , Powell Heather M , Shupp Jeffrey W , Supp Dorothy M , Wade Charles E , Grove Brian , Tucholski David , Madrzykowski Daniel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
On August 27 and 28, 2018, the American Burn Association, in conjunction with Underwriters Laboratories, convened a group of experts on burn and inhalation injury in Washington, DC. The goal of the meeting was to identify and discuss the existing knowledge, data, and modeling gaps related to understanding cutaneous thermal injury and inhalation injury due to exposure from a fire environment, and in addition, address two more areas proposed by the American Burn Association Research Committee that are critical to burn care but may have current translational research gaps (inflammatory response and hypermetabolic response). Representatives from the Underwriters Laboratories Firefighter Safety Research Institute and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives Fire Research Laboratory presented the state of the science in their fields, highlighting areas that required further investigation and guidance from the burn community. Four areas were discussed by the full 24 participant group and in smaller groups: Basic and Translational Understanding of Inhalation Injury, Thermal Contact and Resulting Injury, Systemic Inflammatory Response and Resuscitation, and Hypermetabolic Response and Healing. A primary finding was the need for validating historic models to develop a set of reliable data on contact time and temperature and resulting injury. The working groups identified common areas of focus across each subtopic, including gaining an understanding of individual response to injury that would allow for precision medicine approaches. Predisposed phenotype in response to insult, the effects of age and sex, and the role of microbiomes could all be studied by employing multi-omic (systems biology) approaches.
A tiered system using substantial clinical benefit and patient acceptable symptomatic state scores to evaluate 2-year outcomes of hip arthroscopy with the Hip Outcome Score
Authors: Martin RobRoy L , Kivlan Benjamin R , Christoforetti John J , Wolff Andrew B , Nho Shane J , Salvo John P , Van Thiel Geoff , Matsuda Dean , Carreira Dominic S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
There is no information to define variations in hip arthroscopy outcomes at 2-year follow-up using the Hip Outcome Score (HOS). To offer a tiered system using HOS absolute substantial clinical benefit (SCB) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) scores for 2-year hip arthroscopy outcome assessment. This was a retrospective review of patients having hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement and/or chondrolabral pathology. On initial assessment and 2 years (±2 months) post-operatively, subjects completed the HOS activity of daily living (ADL) and Sports subscales, categorical self-rating of function and visual analog scale for satisfaction with surgery. Receiver operator characteristic analysis identified absolute SCB and PASS HOS ADL and Sports subscale scores. Subjects consisted of 462 (70%) females and 196 (30%) males with a mean age of 35.3 years [standard deviation (SD) 13] and mean follow-up of 722 days (SD 29). SCB and PASS scores for the HOS ADL and Sports subscales were accurate in identifying those at a ‘nearly normal’ and ‘normal’ self- report of function and at least 75% and 100% levels of satisfaction (area under the curve &gt;0.70). This study provides tiered SCB and PASS HOS scores to define variations in 2-year (±2 months) outcome after hip arthroscopy. HOS ADL subscale scores of 84 and 94 and Sports subscale scores of 61 and 87 were associated with a ‘nearly normal’ and ‘normal’ self-report of function, respectively. HOS ADL subscale scores of 86 and 94 and Sports subscale score of 74 and 87 were associated with being at least 75% and 100% satisfied with surgery, respectively. Level of evidence: III, retrospective comparative study.
Estimating Chemotherapy Use Among Patients With a Prior Primary Cancer Diagnosis Using SEER-Medicare Data
Authors: Lam Clara J K , Enewold Lindsey , McNeel Timothy S , White Dolly P , Warren Joan L , Mariotto Angela B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Cancer treatment studies commonly exclude patients with prior primary cancers due to difficulties in ascertaining for which site treatment is intended. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare patients 65 years and older diagnosed with an index colon or rectal cancer (CRC) or female breast cancer (BC) between 2004 and 2013 were included. Chemotherapy, defined as “any chemotherapy” and more restrictively as “chemotherapy with confirmatory diagnoses,” was ascertained based on claims data within 6 months of index cancer diagnosis by prior cancer history. Any chemotherapy use was slightly lower among patients with a prior cancer (CRC: no prior = 17.4%, prior = 16.1%; BC: no prior = 12.9%, prior = 12.0%). With confirmatory diagnoses required, estimates were lower, especially among patients with a prior cancer (CRC: no prior = 16.8%, prior = 13.6%; BC: no prior = 12.6%, prior = 11.0%). These findings suggest that patients with prior cancers can be included in studies of chemotherapy use; requiring confirmatory diagnoses can increase treatment assignment confidence.
Research with Refugees in Fragile Political Contexts: How Ethical Reflections Impact Methodological Choices
Authors: Müller-Funk Lea 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Research with refugees poses particular ethical challenges, especially if data is collected in places where most refugees today live: namely countries neighbouring conflict, ones that are sometimes at war with their country of origin and where refugees are exposed to different degrees of legal vulnerability, posing security risks to participants and researchers alike. These challenges are exacerbated when data is collected across countries and includes survey research. The article adds to the emergent literature on ethics in forced displacement by highlighting how security precautions and ethical considerations influence and shape methodological choices. Based on recent fieldwork with Syrian refugees in Lebanon and Turkey in 2018, the article discusses a mixed-methods approach combining in-depth interviews with an individual survey based on multistage cluster sampling, random walks and limited focused enumeration. Advocating for a refugee-centred approach, it elaborates on: (i) how to negotiate ‘ethics in practice’; (ii) how risks and violence influence the choice of fieldwork sites; and (iii) how ethical considerations impact in particular quantitative or mixed-methods studies. It describes the advantages of including members of refugee populations in research teams, as well as open challenges with regard to risks, informed consent, confidentiality, sensitive issues, positionality, advocacy and collaborative writing efforts.
Clustering with JWST: Constraining galaxy host halo masses, satellite quenching efficiencies, and merger rates at z = 4−10
Authors: Endsley Ryan , Behroozi Peter , Stark Daniel P , Williams Christina C , Robertson Brant E , Rieke Marcia , Gottlöber Stefan , Yepes Gustavo 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Galaxy clustering measurements can be used to constrain many aspects of galaxy evolution, including galaxy host halo masses, satellite quenching efficiencies, and merger rates. We simulate JWST galaxy clustering measurements at z ∼ 4–10 by utilizing mock galaxy samples produced by an empirical model, the universemachine. We also adopt the survey footprints and typical depths of the planned joint NIRCam and NIRSpec Guaranteed Time Observation program planned for Cycle 1 to generate realistic JWST survey realizations and to model high-redshift galaxy selection completeness. We find that galaxy clustering will be measured with ≳5σ significance at z ∼ 4–10. Halo mass precisions resulting from Cycle 1 angular clustering measurements will be ∼0.2 dex for faint (−18 ≳ $\mathit {M}_{\mathrm{UV}}^{ }$ ≳ −19) galaxies at z ∼ 4–10 as well as ∼0.3 dex for bright ($\mathit {M}_{\mathrm{UV}}^{ }$ ∼ −20) galaxies at z ∼ 4–7. Dedicated spectroscopic follow-up over ∼150 arcmin2 would improve these precisions by ∼0.1 dex by removing chance projections and low-redshift contaminants. Future JWST observations will therefore provide the first constraints on the stellar–halo mass relation in the epoch of reionization and substantially clarify how this relation evolves at z &gt; 4. We also find that ∼1000 individual satellites will be identifiable at z ∼ 4–8 with JWST, enabling strong tests of satellite quenching evolution beyond currently available data (z ≲ 2). Finally, we find that JWST observations can measure the evolution of galaxy major merger pair fractions at z ∼ 4–8 with ∼0.1–0.2 dex uncertainties. Such measurements would help determine the relative role of mergers to the build-up of stellar mass into the epoch of reionization.
Deep transfer learning for star cluster classification: I. application to the PHANGS–HST survey
Authors: Wei Wei , Huerta E A , Whitmore Bradley C , Lee Janice C , Hannon Stephen , Chandar Rupali , Dale Daniel A , Larson Kirsten L , Thilker David A , Ubeda Leonardo , Boquien Médéric , Chevance Mélanie , Kruijssen J M Diederik , Schruba Andreas , Blanc Guillermo A , Congiu Enrico 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a proof-of-concept experiment that demonstrates that deep learning can successfully be used for production-scale classification of compact star clusters detected in Hubble Space Telescope(HST) ultraviolet-optical imaging of nearby spiral galaxies ($D\lesssim 20\, \textrm{Mpc}$) in the Physics at High Angular Resolution in Nearby GalaxieS (PHANGS)–HST survey. Given the relatively small nature of existing, human-labelled star cluster samples, we transfer the knowledge of state-of-the-art neural network models for real-object recognition to classify star clusters candidates into four morphological classes. We perform a series of experiments to determine the dependence of classification performance on neural network architecture (ResNet18 and VGG19-BN), training data sets curated by either a single expert or three astronomers, and the size of the images used for training. We find that the overall classification accuracies are not significantly affected by these choices. The networks are used to classify star cluster candidates in the PHANGS–HST galaxy NGC 1559, which was not included in the training samples. The resulting prediction accuracies are 70 per cent, 40 per cent, 40–50 per cent, and 50–70 per cent for class 1, 2, 3 star clusters, and class 4 non-clusters, respectively. This performance is competitive with consistency achieved in previously published human and automated quantitative classification of star cluster candidate samples (70–80 per cent, 40–50 per cent, 40–50 per cent, and 60–70 per cent). The methods introduced herein lay the foundations to automate classification for star clusters at scale, and exhibit the need to prepare a standardized data set of human-labelled star cluster classifications, agreed upon by a full range of experts in the field, to further improve the performance of the networks introduced in this study.
On the possibility of through passage of asteroid bodies across the Earth’s atmosphere
Authors: Khrennikov Daniil E , Titov Andrei K , Ershov Alexander E , Pariev Vladimir I , Karpov Sergei V 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We have studied the conditions of through passage of asteroids with diameters 200, 100, and 50 m, consisting of three types of materials – iron, stone, and water ice, across the Earth’s atmosphere with a minimum trajectory altitude in the range 10–15 km. The conditions of this passage with a subsequent exit into outer space with the preservation of a substantial fraction of the initial mass have been found. The results obtained support our idea explaining one of the long-standing problems of astronomy – the Tunguska phenomenon, which has not received reasonable and comprehensive interpretations to date. We argue that the Tunguska event was caused by an iron asteroid body, which passed through the Earth’s atmosphere and continued to the near-solar orbit.
Effect of the surface shape of a large space body on its fragmentation in a planetary atmosphere
Authors: Khrennikov Daniil E , Titov Andrei K , Ershov Alexander E , Klyuchantsev Andrei B , Pariev Vladimir I , Karpov Sergei V 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Employing the finite element and computational fluid dynamics methods, we have determined the conditions for the fragmentation of space bodies or preservation of their integrity when they penetrate into the Earth’s atmosphere. The origin of forces contributing to the fragmentation of space iron bodies during the passage through the dense layers of the planetary atmosphere has been studied. It was shown that the irregular shape of the surface can produce transverse aerodynamic forces capable of causing deformation stress in the body exceeding the tensile strength threshold of iron.
Measuring significant changes in chromatin conformation with ACCOST
Authors: Cook Kate B , Hristov Borislav H , Le Roch Karine G , Vert Jean Philippe , Noble William Stafford 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Chromatin conformation assays such as Hi-C cannot directly measure differences in 3D architecture between cell types or cell states. For this purpose, two or more Hi-C experiments must be carried out, but direct comparison of the resulting Hi-C matrices is confounded by several features of Hi-C data. Most notably, the genomic distance effect, whereby contacts between pairs of genomic loci that are proximal along the chromosome exhibit many more Hi-C contacts that distal pairs of loci, dominates every Hi-C matrix. Furthermore, the form that this distance effect takes often varies between different Hi-C experiments, even between replicate experiments. Thus, a statistical confidence measure designed to identify differential Hi-C contacts must accurately account for the genomic distance effect or risk being misled by large-scale but artifactual differences. ACCOST (Altered Chromatin COnformation STatistics) accomplishes this goal by extending the statistical model employed by DEseq, re-purposing the ‘size factors,’ which were originally developed to account for differences in read depth between samples, to instead model the genomic distance effect. We show via analysis of simulated and real data that ACCOST provides unbiased statistical confidence estimates that compare favorably with competing methods such as diffHiC, FIND and HiCcompare. ACCOST is freely available with an Apache license at https://bitbucket.org/noblelab/accost.
Leptospirosis presented with erythema nodosum on four limbs: an unusual presenting
Authors: Davoodi Lotfollah , Kazeminejad Armaghan , Jafarpour Hamed , Razavi Alireza 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Leptospirosis is a common disease between humans and animals characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations. Erythema nodosum (EN) is a common clinical form of panniculitis or subcutaneous adipose inflammation caused by hypersensitivity responses to antigens, but the presence of EN in a subject with leptospirosis is a very rare case presentation. We will present a 42-year-old man with a headache, myalgia, nausea and rigid tender on the shin and both forearms, which was a typical form of EN lesions.
Inhibition of mTOR suppresses IFNα production and the STING pathway in monocytes from systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Murayama Goh , Chiba Asako , Kuga Taiga , Makiyama Ayako , Yamaji Ken , Tamura Naoto , Miyake Sachiko 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
Increased IFNα is important in the pathogenesis of SLE. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are considered the main producer of IFNα upon Toll-like receptor pathway activation. However, which cells produce IFNα following stimulation with cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of IFN genes (STING) in SLE remains unknown. We investigated the IFNα producing capacity of myeloid cells under cGAS-STING pathway stimulation.

Methods
IFNα levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from SLE patients and healthy controls stimulated with 2′3′c-GAMP, a stimulator of cGAS-STING, were measured by intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry. STING expression and its co-localization with TBK1 were examined by flow cytometry or confocal microscopy. The effects of in vitro exposure to IFNα on IFNα production and STING expression, and in vitro rapamycin treatment on IFNα production and STING, pTBK1 and IRF3 expression were examined.

Results
IFNα was produced by monocytes, conventional dendritic cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells upon cGAS-STING pathway activation. The frequency of IFNα-producing monocytes positively correlated with SLE disease activity. STING expression and its co-localization with TBK1 were increased in lupus monocytes. Prior exposure to IFNα enhanced the IFNα-producing capacity of monocytes. Inhibition of the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway suppressed IFNα production from monocytes and downregulated enhanced STING expression and its downstream molecules.

Conclusion
Enhanced IFNα from lupus monocytes induced by augmented STING pathway activation is associated with SLE pathogenesis. Suppression of the mTOR pathway downregulated the enhanced STING expression and the subsequent IFNα production by monocytes.
Presidential Address: Start Spreading the News: Illuminating the Effects of Climate Change as a Social Problem
Authors: Mezey Nancy J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The theme for the 2019 SSSP meetings is a call to sociologists and social scientists to draw on their sociological roots to illuminate the social in all social problems with an eye to solving those problems. The address encourages sociologists to speak as broadly as possible so that the discipline becomes a central voice in larger public discourses. The 2019 SSSP Presidential Address is a call to focus on what is the largest social problem: climate change. After a brief overview of the science of climate change, the address focuses on the anthropogenic causes of climate change and the reasons why climate change is a social justice issue. Looking specifically at rising sea levels, the address then focuses on New York City as an example of the effects of and some responses to climate change. The address concludes with a discussion of how sociologists can and should draw deeply on the discipline’s theoretical roots, empirical tools, and pedagogical skills to illuminate climate change as a social problem.
Using on-demand dry ice production as an alternative cryogenic cold chain for bovine artificial insemination outreach in low-resource settings1
Authors: Kuiper Mark , Spencer Maribeth , Kanyima Benon M , Ng Chin H , Newell Mark , Turyahikayo Silver , Makoni Nathaniel , Madan Damian , Lieberman Daniel H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) is widely used in livestock industries to breed for desirable characteristics and increase yields. The standard practice of storing and transporting bovine semen uses liquid nitrogen (LN), a scarce commodity in many regions of the world. This study explored the feasibility of using dry ice, a more readily available alternative. We developed equipment that dispenses dry ice from widely available liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) tanks into an easily transportable device. In vivo fertility results with a dry ice cold chain showed no statistical difference to the conventional LN method. In vitro bovine semen analyses also showed that storage under these conditions minimally affects characteristics associated with fertility. A dry ice cold chain system could leverage the global availability of LCO2 to expand the reach of AI and other cold storage applications of biological materials in low-resource settings.
SMART2D—development and contextualization of community strategies to support self-management in prevention and control of type 2 diabetes in Uganda, South Africa, and Sweden
Authors: Absetz Pilvikki , Van Olmen Josefien , Guwatudde David , Puoane Thandi , Alvesson Helle Mölsted , Delobelle Peter , Mayega Roy , Kasujja Francis , Naggayi Gloria , Timm Linda , Hassen Mariam , Aweko Juliet , De Man Jeroen , Álvarez Ahlgren Jhon , Annerstedt Kristi Sidney , Daivadanam Meena 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications are increasing rapidly in low- and middle-income countries, as well as among socioeconomically disadvantaged populations in high-income countries. Support for healthy lifestyle and self-management is paramount but not well implemented in health systems, and there is need for knowledge on how to design and implement interventions that are contextualized and patient centered and address special needs of disadvantaged population groups. The SMART2D project implements and evaluates a lifestyle and self-management intervention for participants recently diagnosed with or being at increased risk for T2D in rural communities in Uganda, an urban township in South Africa, and socioeconomically disadvantaged urban communities in Sweden. Our aim was to develop an intervention with shared key functions and a good fit with the local context, needs, and resources. The intervention program design was conducted in three steps facilitated by a coordinating team: (a) situational analysis based on the SMART2D Self-Management Framework and definition of intervention objectives and core strategies; (b) designing generic tools for the strategies; and (c) contextual translation of the generic tools and their delivery. This article focuses on community strategies to strengthen support from the social and physical environment and to link health care and community support. Situational analyses showed that objectives and key functions addressing mediators from the SMART2D framework could be shared. Generic tools ensured retaining of functions, while content and delivery were highly contextualized. Phased, collaborative approach and theoretical framework ensured that key functions were not lost in contextualization, also allowing for cross-comparison despite flexibility with other aspects of the intervention between the sites. The trial registration number of this study is ISRCTN11913581.