bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptual ambiguity hinders measurement and management of ecosystem disservices
Authors: Saunders Manu E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

The term ‘ecosystem disservices’ is used to refer to ecological costs that humans experience from nature. Managing ecosystems to protect ecosystem function and minimize costs to human well‐being is a global imperative.

Like ecosystem services, disservices are outcomes of ecological processes and interactions. They are supplied concurrently with ecosystem services, not as isolated outcomes of ecosystem function. Therefore, accurate measurement of disservices must identify the ecological interactions contributing to the disservice, as well as any associated services. Despite regular calls for increased rigour around measuring services and disservices, conceptual and methodological ambiguities dominate the ecosystem disservices literature.

A systematic literature review revealed 85 studies that aimed to explicitly identify or measure ecosystem disservices. Only 13 studies met both essential criteria for an empirical assessment of disservices: identification of the ecological interactions supplying the disservice and identification of associations between services and disservices.

Most empirical studies identify ecosystem disservices based on subjective opinions or proxy data, and rarely acknowledge how disservices are related to services within the system. Some identify the presence of unwanted organisms, management costs, minor nuisances and personal aversions as ecosystem disservices.

Synthesis and applications. Disservices are supplied concurrently with ecosystem services and human perceptions do not always accurately represent ecological costs in social–ecological systems. Hence, knowledge of the ecological interactions underlying perceived and actual disservices is vital for evidence‐informed decision‐making that sustains biodiversity and human well‐being.
Air care: an ‘aerography’ of breath, buildings and bugs in the cystic fibrosis clinic
Authors: Brown Nik , Buse Chrissy , Lewis Alan , Martin Daryl , Nettleton Sarah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith significant relevance to the Covid‐19 pandemic, this paper contributes to emerging ‘aerographic’ research on the socio‐materialities of air and breath, based on an in‐depth empirical study of three hospital‐based lung infection clinics treating people with cystic fibrosis. We begin by outlining the changing place of atmosphere in hospital design from the pre‐antibiotic period and into the present. We then turn to the first of three aerographic themes where air becomes a matter of grasping and visualising otherwise invisible airborne infections. This includes imagining patients located within bodily spheres or ‘cloud bodies’, conceptually anchored in Irigaray's thoughts on the ‘forgetting of the air’ and Sloterdijk's immunitary ‘spherology’ of the body. Our second theme explores the material politics of air, air conditioning, window design and the way competing ‘air regimes’ come into conflict with each other at the interface of buildings, bodies and the biotic. Our final theme attends to the ‘cost of air’, the aero‐economic problem of atmospheric scarcity within modern high‐rise, deep‐density healthcare architectures.
The symbol in the body: the un‐doing of a dissociation through Embodied Active Imagination in Jungian analysis
Authors: Fleischer Karin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractJung understood dissociation as a natural state of the psyche, capable of turning defensive through development. Based on this premise, and its conception on the equivalence between psyche and matter, the present work describes the un‐doing of a dissociation expressed through a chronic enterocolitis disorder. When the symbol remains closer to the body and its most instinctive manifestations, we need to descend to that level in order to let the vertical axis connection be gradually restored through the therapeutic relationship – the horizontal axis. In other words, this un‐doing requires that patient and analyst follow the unconscious path proposed by symbolic expressions that gradually emerge through the patient’s body and active imagination. Movement is our most primitive and fundamental experience. Many authors (Stern, Panksepp, Gallese) have agreed that, in addition to being first in terms of development, movement continues to have primacy over any other experience throughout life. This means that emotions, bodily concepts and, later, speech, evolve from a somatic basis. In the light of such neuroscientific findings, Jung’s vision of the correspondence of psyche and matter will be revisited in order to portray how the analytic bond provides a context for the re‐establishment of the linking/creative function of the archetype, and allows the restoring of the ego‐Self axis connection by including non‐verbal approaches, such as body‐based active imagination, also known as Authentic Movement. Authentic Movement is an amplification of Jung’s active imagination method that enables a dialogue between the ego and the diverse configurations of the unconscious. When such dialogue is grounded in the body, there is an easier access to the affective dimension stored in implicit memory. That which was relived through the body can gradually be remembered, and affects hitherto rejected, find other symbolic ways of being expressed and contained in the analytic vas.
Modeling unobserved heterogeneity in hedonic price models
Authors: Francke Marc , Van de Minne Alex 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper studies unobserved heterogeneity in hedonic price models, arising from missing property and locational characteristics. Specifically, commercial real estate is very heterogeneous, and data on detailed property characteristics are often lacking. We show that adding mutually independent property random effects to a hedonic price model results in more precise out‐of‐sample price predictions, both for commercial multifamily housing in Los Angeles and owner‐occupied single‐family housing in Heemstede, the Netherlands. The standard hedonic price model does not take advantage of the fact that some properties sell more than once. We subsequently show that adding spatial random effects leads to an additional increase in prediction accuracy. The increase is highest for properties without prior sales.
Dietary habits and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among hepatitis B surface antigen carriers: A prospective cohort study in China
Authors: Yu Cheng Xiao , Chen Yong Sheng , Ge Zi Jun , Zhang Yong Hui , Xu Xin , Tian Ting , Wen Yang , Zhu Jian , Song Ci , Chen Jian Guo , Hu Zhi Bin 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveIn this prospective cohort study, we aimed to evaluate the association between dietary habits and the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive carriers in Qidong, an hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐epidemic area in China.MethodsA total of 3199 HBsAg carriers aged 30‐70 years in a prospective cohort in Qidong, China from 2007 to 2011 were included in the study. At baseline, all participants self‐reported their dietary habits in a questionnaire interview. A follow‐up check‐up was performed every 6 months to identify HCC cases until November 2017. Cox’s regression analysis and an interaction analysis were performed to estimate the relative risks of HCC in terms of baseline diet.ResultsAmong 3199 HBsAg‐positive participants, 270 developed HCC (143.86/100 000 person‐years [PYs]). Compared with participants who rarely consume garlic, the risk of HCC in those who consumed it ≥ once per week decreased along with the increase in frequency (HR = 1.00, 0.90 and 0.62 in those who consumed it rarely vs those who consumed it 1‐6 times per week and ≥ 7 times per week, respectively). This study found a synergistic effect between garlic and tea consumption on the risk of HCC (P = 0.039 for a multiplicative interaction).ConclusionsHBsAg carriers should improve their diet. Regular consumption of garlic and tea drinking may reduce the HCC incidence in HBsAg carriers.
Treatment with or without bevacizumab as a first‐line and maintenance therapy for advanced non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Jun Ni , Hanping Wang , Xiaoyan Si , Yan Xu , Mengzhao Wang , Xiaotong Zhang , Li Zhang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPemetrexed and bevacizumab as monotherapies, or in combination, have been approved for maintenance therapy following platinum‐based induction in patients with advanced nonsquamous non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The differences in the benefits of bevacizumab for treatment during early or late NSCLC have not yet been characterized.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from 35 patients with advanced naïve NSCLC who had received pemetrexed/platinum with or without bevacizumab followed by maintenance therapy with pemetrexed alone or pemetrexed plus bevacizumab. The data were analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox regression adjusted for risk factors. Patients were grouped according to treatment conditions. Group A received pemetrexed plus platinum followed by pemetrexed alone (Pem‐Pt/Pem). Group B received pemetrexed plus platinum followed by pemetrexed and bevacizumab (Group B; Pem‐Pt/Pem + Bev). Group C received pemetrexed, platinum, and bevacizumab during induction therapy, and pemetrexed as maintenance therapy (Group C; Pem‐Pt + Bev/Pem + Bev). We assessed the significance of introduction of bevacizumab at different stages of treatment.ResultsA total of 13 (37.1%) patients were included in Group A, nine patients (25.7%) were included in Group B, and 13 patients (37.1%) were included in Group C. Among the 35 patients, 69.2% were male, and the median age was 59 years (range 40–75). The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 7.7 months (231 days, range 134–410 days) in Group A, 9.3 months (280 days, range 84–565 days) in Group B, and 8.0 months (241 days, range 108–665 days) in Group C. The median PFS was not significantly different among the three groups (P = 0.233). Similarly, bevacizumab did not significantly affect PFS (P = 0.630).ConclusionsThe addition of bevacizumab into induction chemotherapy or maintenance therapy provided limited benefits to PFS in our study, but previous studies suggested that bevacizumab may improve disease control. In that way, we presume that early use of bevacizumab may provide a greater benefit.
Pre‐operative transthoracic echocardiography in ambulatory surgery—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Stenberg Ylva , Lindelöf Linnea , Hultin Magnus , Myrberg Tomi 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundCardiac disease and aberrations in central volume status are risk factors for perioperative complications, and should be identified prior to surgery. This study investigated the benefit of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for pre‐operative identification of cardiac disease and hypovolemia in ambulatory surgery.MethodsNinety‐six patients, with a mean age of 63.5 ± 12.2 years and body mass index of 27.0 ± 4.3 kg/m2, scheduled for ambulatory surgery (breast, thyroid, and minor gastrointestinal), were consecutively enrolled in this prospective observational study. Pre‐operative comprehensive TTE was performed in order to assess heart failure (HF), asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction, valvular disease, and aberrations in central volume status.ResultsPre‐operative TTE identified a total of 28 cases of HF, 13 cases of HF with reduced or moderately reduced, ejection fraction (EF), and 15 cases of HF with preserved EF. Furthermore, 46 cases of asymptomatic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction were identified. 44/96 patients were hypovolemic, 16 of whom in severe hypovolemia. Seven cases of previously unknown obstructive valvular or myocardial disease and six cases of right ventricular systolic dysfunction were identified. A total of 24% (23/96) were classified as potential critical hemodynamic findings. The number needed (NNT) to treat for pre‐operative TTE in order to find one critical finding was 4.2.ConclusionIn this ambulatory surgical cohort, a high prevalence of pre‐operative LV dysfunction and aberrations in volume status was observed. The results demonstrate that pre‐operative TTE contributed valuable hemodynamic information. The standard pre‐operative assessment for this cohort might need to be revised.
The risk of post‐operative myocardial injury after major emergency abdominal surgery: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ekeloef Sarah , Bjerrum Ellen , Kristiansen Puk , Wahlstrøm Kirsten , Burcharth Jakob , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe aim was to examine the risk of post‐operative myocardial injury after major emergency abdominal surgery and identify pre‐ and intra‐operative risk factors of post‐operative myocardial injury. Moreover, the study aimed to examine the association between post‐operative myocardial injury and clinical outcomes.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study including patients undergoing major emergency abdominal surgery from February 2017 to January 2019. Troponin I was assessed on post‐operative days 1‐3. Post‐operative myocardial injury was defined as a cardiac troponin I ≥ 45 ng per litre. Post‐operative clinical outcomes included in‐hospital myocardial infarction, in‐hospital major adverse cardiovascular events, reoperation, admission to the intensive care unit, lengths of stay, 30‐ and 90‐day all‐cause mortality.Results98 out of 401 patients (24.4%) sustained a post‐operative myocardial injury within the third post‐operative day. Increasing age was an independent risk factor of post‐operative myocardial injury (age per 10 years adjusted odds ratio 2.2 [95% CI 1.7‐2.9], P < .0001). Patients with post‐operative myocardial injury had an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, a higher admission rate to the intensive care unit, a longer median post‐operative length of stay and a higher 30‐ and 90‐day all‐cause mortality compared with patients without myocardial injury.ConclusionOne in four patients suffered a post‐operative myocardial injury within the third post‐operative day. Post‐operative myocardial injury was a risk factor of adverse cardiac and non‐cardiac clinical outcomes. Troponin monitoring could potentially improve the post‐operative risk stratification in this cohort of high‐risk surgical patients.
Australian contribution to global otolaryngology research: 2008–2018
Authors: Seah Yi Gim Jolyn , Bonnici Aliyah , Carney A. Simon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundObtaining research funding in Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery (ORL‐HNS) can be challenging. In this paper, an analysis of research output in ORL‐HNS in Australia and worldwide between 2008 and 2018 was conducted and then adjusted for the number of specialist surgeons in each country.MethodsScopus by Elsevier was used to measure research output of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) surgeons in Australia between 2008 and 2018. Each individual's career and 10‐year h‐index was identified and then repeated with self‐citations excluded. Total and 10‐year citations were also recorded. The top 15 countries in terms of research output in ORL‐HNS were also ranked based on the number of ENT articles published in the 10‐year period, and then adjusted by the number of actively practicing ENT surgeons per country.ResultsBetween 2008 and 2018, Australia published 1510 articles out of a total global output of 48 613 papers in ORL‐HNS with the top 10 authors having an h‐index placing them within the world's top 100. Whilst the USA made the greatest total contribution with 12 912 publications, when adjusted for the number of specialist ORL‐HNS clinicians in each country, Australia, Canada and India in order topped the rankings.ConclusionAustralia has established itself as a research leader in the global field of ORL‐HNS, publishing more articles per surgeon than any other country between 2008 and 2018. The Australian ORL‐HNS Academic Surgeons also rank highly on an individual basis when compared to global peers.
Transanal total mesorectal excision the Gold Coast experience: learning curve and comparison to traditional technique
Authors: Cooper Michelle , Kim Jason , Shin Brian Ng Hung , Ng Shu Kay , Lu Cu‐Tai , Nolan Gregory , Von Papen Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic and open techniques in rectal cancer are well‐published, however, technical challenges remain for mid to low rectal cancer resections in the narrow pelvis. Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) has been pioneered to potentially circumvent these challenges. The aims of this study were to evaluate the learning curve associated with our first cases of taTME as well as compare outcomes to that of conventionally performed rectal resections.MethodsThis was a single‐centre retrospective study with data collated from all elective resections by the colorectal unit from 2015 to 2017. Primary outcome was completeness of total mesorectal excision and secondary outcomes were intra‐ and post‐operative morbidity and mortality.ResultsA total of 43 patients were identified. Of which, 20 underwent taTME. Mesorectal completeness was obtained in only 47.4% in the taTME group compared to 78.3% in the anterior resection group (p = 0.115). 5.9% of patients in our taTME group had positive circumferential resection margin compared to nil in the anterior resection. Conversion rates were greater in the taTME group (15% versus 0%; 0.028). Operative time, length of stay and clavien IV and V complications were greater in the taTME group.ConclusionThis study highlights the difficulty in introducing a novel technique given the learning curve. Our results would expect to improve with increased caseload.
Feasibility study of an online modifiable Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol with specific focus on opioid avoidance
Authors: Ceuppens Charlotte , Dudi‐Venkata Nagendra N. , Lee Yanni D. , Beh Yong Z. , Bedrikovetski Sergei , Thomas Michelle L. , Kroon Hidde M. , Sammour Tarik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe high and increasing rate of opioid use is a serious issue in the Western world affecting the population's physical and mental health. In most cases, opioid dependency starts with prescriptions by medical professionals, so efforts aimed at reducing in‐hospital opioid use should result in less long‐term dependency. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing an opioid‐scarce protocol as part of a new online modifiable Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (mERAS) programme.MethodsA single‐centre retrospective study was conducted comparing a cohort treated under the new opioid‐scarce mERAS protocol (n = 96; May 2018–Nov 2018) to those treated under the original ERAS protocol (n = 84; November 2017–April 2018). The primary outcome was the quantity and duration of opioid use.ResultsFewer patients used fentanyl via intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia in the mERAS group (54% versus 70%; P = 0.03). The mERAS group was also less likely to use oral oxycodone (80% versus 99%; P < 0.0001) and for a shorter duration (median 3 versus 5 days; P = 0.0002). More local anaesthetic transversus abdominis plane catheters were used in the mERAS group (34% versus 6% in the control group; P < 0.0001).ConclusionOpioid use can be significantly reduced after elective colorectal surgery by employing an opioid‐scarce ERAS protocol. Further data is required to confirm the clinical benefits of this approach.
Long‐term outcomes of oesophagogastric devascularization and splenectomy in patients with portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis
Authors: Yang Lingpeng , Zhang Zifei , Zheng Jinli , Kong Junjie , Yang Xianwei , Wang Wentao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundResearch about the long‐term outcomes of oesophagogastric devascularization and splenectomy (OGDS) to treat portal hypertension (PH) is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and long‐term treatment efficacy of OGDS, especially in elderly patients.MethodsDuring 2010–2016, open splenectomy and oesophagogastric devascularization (OSOD) and laparoscopic splenectomy and oesophagogastric devascularization were performed in 124 (group A) and 29 (group C) patients diagnosed with PH and liver cirrhosis, respectively. All patients aged less than 65 years. Besides, 39 patients aged 65 years or older undergoing open splenectomy and oesophagogastric devascularization were classified into group B. All clinical data were retrospectively analysed.ResultsCompared with group A, patients in group C had longer operative time, less blood loss and shorter post‐operative hospitalization time. However, for perioperative data, there was no significant difference between group A and group B. During post‐operative follow‐up, compared with pre‐operative condition, all haematology and liver function parameters significantly changed, except for alanine aminotransferase. For post‐operative complications, only the portal vein system thrombosis rate was significantly higher in group C than group A. No significant difference was found in the overall survival rate among three groups, when non‐variceal‐rebleeding‐related deaths were excluded.ConclusionOGDS remains safe and effective to treat PH secondary to liver cirrhosis and it can be performed successfully in elderly patients and achieve a curative effect that is not inferior to young patients.
Positive detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 combined HSV1 and HHV6B virus nucleic acid in tear and conjunctival secretions of a non‐conjunctivitis COVID‐19 patient with obstruction of common lacrimal duct
Authors: Hu Yaguang , Chen Tianyan , Liu Miaomiao , Zhang Li , Wang Fang , Zhao Shuo , Liu Hui , Xia Han , Wang Yawen , Li Li 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe current outbreak of COVID‐19 has spread rapidly all over the world. Respiratory droplets and contaction with infected patients are the two major transmission routes. However, the value of tear virus nucleic acid is still not clear. We dynamic detected the SARS‐CoV‐2 in eye sample of one COVID‐19 patient with obstruction of common lacrimal ducts.MethodsBesides the routine examination, nasopharyngeal and eye swab were continuously measured by polymerase chain reaction assay and next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Gene detection was performed for drug use guidance, and flow cytometry was performed to analyse the lymphocyte subsets.ResultsNasopharyngeal swabs were positive for 22 days, but eye swabs were still continuously positive for 2 weeks after nasopharyngeal swabs turned negative. The low level of lymphocyte and the high level IL‐6 lasted for almost 4 weeks, then became near normal. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed the existing of SARS‐CoV‐2, HSV1 and HHV6B virus nucleic acid. The gene detection for drug use guidance showed the genetic locus ABCB1 (3435T>C) rs1045642 belonged to type CC and it mean the efficiency of lopinavir–ritonavir would be significantly decreased. The flow cytometry of lymphocyte subsets showed PD‐1+ CD95+ cells was accounting for 94.8% in CD3+ CD8+ T subset and for 94.8% in CD3+ TCRγδ+ T subset.ConclusionsAs obstruction of common lacrimal duct, positively detection in one eye for 2 weeks more after nasopharyngeal swab became negative. More eye swabs should be collected from COVID‐19 patients, especially from those immunocompromised, those with eye symptoms and those had a history of ocular diseases.
Editorial: increasing IBD prevalence and its complications in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Benson‐Pope Samantha Jane , Gearry Richard B. 
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to King et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15701 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15769.