bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of novel surface coating composed of MDPB and MPC with dual functionality of antibacterial activity and protein repellency
Authors: Thongthai Pasiree , Kitagawa Haruaki , Kitagawa Ranna , Hirose Nanako , Noree Susita , Iwasaki Yasuhiko , Imazato Satoshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResin‐based reconstructive/restorative materials with antibacterial effects are potentially useful for preventing dental and oral diseases. To this end, the immobilization of an antibacterial component on the surface of a resin by incorporating polymerizable bactericide such as a quaternary ammonium compound‐monomer 12‐methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) is an effective technique. However, the effectiveness of immobilized bactericide is reduced by salivary protein coverage. We address this issue by utilizing 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer, which exhibits protein repellency, with MDPB to fabricate a novel copolymer, which served as a surface coating on a methacrylate‐based resin. This coating provided a more hydrophilic surface than that provided by MDPB coating and reduced the adsorption of bovine serum albumin and salivary protein. To evaluate bacterial growth on the contact surface, Streptococcus mutans suspension was placed on the coated specimen. After 24‐h incubation, MDPB/MPC copolymer exhibited killing effects against S. mutans. Moreover, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate biofilm formation after 48‐h incubation in S. mutans suspension, which revealed sparse biofilm and dead bacteria in biofilm on the surface coated with MDPB/MPC. Overall, the proposed surface coating on dental resins exhibited protein‐repellent ability and inhibitory effects against bacteria and oral biofilms.
Trends, burden, and impact of arrhythmia on cardiac amyloid patients: A 16‐year nationwide study from 1999 to 2014
Authors: Isath Ameesh , Correa Ashish , Siroky Gregory P. , Perimbeti Stuthi , Mohammed Selma , Chahal C. Anwar A. , Padmanabhan Deepak , Mehta Davendra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA) have increased mortality, which can be explained in part by an increased risk of arrhythmias. The burden of arrhythmias in CA, their predictors, and impact on in‐hospital outcomes remains unclear. The role of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICD) in this population is also uncertain.MethodsWe queried the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) using ICD‐9‐CM codes 277.39 and 425.7 to identify CA. Twelve common arrhythmias were extracted using appropriate, validated ICD‐9‐CM codes. ICD implantation was identified using procedure ICD‐9 codes 37.94 to 37.98, 00.51 and 00.54.ResultsThere were a total of 145,920 CA hospitalizations between 1999 and 2014 in the United States and 56,199 (38.5%) of them were associated with arrhythmias. The prevalence of arrhythmias remained relatively constant from 41.5% in 1999 to 40.2% in 2014. The most common arrhythmia was atrial fibrillation (25.4%). In‐patient mortality was significantly higher in CA patients with arrhythmias (10.4% vs 6.5%, P < .001). ICD implantation was performed in 1,381 (0.94%) patients with CA and analysis revealed an incremental trend in implantation over the study period (0.48% in 1999 to 0.65% in 2014). In‐hospital mortality was significantly lower in patients who underwent ICD implantation (3.7% vs 8%; P = .0078). CA patients with arrhythmias also had an increased cost of hospitalization and length of stay ($65,046 ± 1,079 vs $53,322 ± 687 and 8.3 ± 0.1 vs 7.4 ± 0.1 days, respectively; P < .0001).ConclusionCardiac arrhythmias are common in patients with CA and are associated with worse in‐hospital outcomes, increased length of stay, and cost of hospitalization.
Primary tumor location impacts survival in colorectal cancer patients after resection of liver metastases
Authors: Bingmer Katherine , Ofshteyn Asya , Bliggenstorfer Jonathan T. , Kethman William , Ammori John B. , Charles Ronald , Stein Sharon L. , Steinhagen Emily 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRight‐sided colon cancers (R‐CC) are associated with worse outcomes compared to left‐sided colon cancers (L‐CC). We hypothesize that R‐CC with synchronous liver metastases who undergo resection of primary and metastatic sites have worse survival and that survival will vary significantly among R‐CC, L‐CC, and rectal cancer (ReC).MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2016 was used to identify colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases who underwent surgical resection of both primary and metastatic disease. Survival was analyzed by multivariate Cox regression.ResultsA total of 2275 patients were included; 38% R‐CC, 46% L‐CC, and 16% ReC. R‐CC primary tumors tended to be larger than 5 cm, higher grade, and mucinous (all P < .001). Compared to patients with R‐CC, both L‐CC and ReC had improved overall (HR 0.72; P < .001; HR 0.75, P = .006) and disease‐specific (HR 0.71, P < .001; HR 0.73, P = .008) survival. There was no difference in survival between L‐CC and ReC.ConclusionsPatients with R‐CC have significantly worse survival than L‐CC or ReC. This provides additional evidence that R‐CC tumors are fundamentally different from L‐CC and ReC tumors. Future studies should determine factors responsible for this disparity, and identify targeted treatment based on primary tumor location.
Effect of Treatment Sequencing on the Tumor Response to Combined Treatment With Ultrasound‐Stimulated Microbubbles and Radiotherapy
Authors: Klein Jonathan , Tran William , Lai Priscilla , Al‐Mahrouki Azza , Giles Anoja , Czarnota Gregory J. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate whether timing and sequencing of ultrasound‐stimulated microbubbles (USMBs) and external beam radiotherapy (XRT) affect the treatment response in a preclinical prostate cancer model.MethodsProstate cancer xenografts were treated with ultrasound‐stimulated lipid microspheres before and after 8‐Gy XRT. Treatments were separated by 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours, with 5 tumors per group. Tumor effects were evaluated by microvessel density (measured by CD31 staining), cell death (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end‐labeling and hematoxylin–eosin staining), and hypoxia (carbonic anhydrase 9 staining).ResultsAdministering USMBs 6 hours before XRT showed the maximum treatment effect using all 3 assays. At this time, the mean cell death index ± SD was 36% ± 10%, compared with 19% ± 4% for no separation between USMB treatment and XRT; the microvessel density was 9 ± 3 counts per field (19 ± 5 without separation); and the percentage of hypoxic cells was 10% ± 5% (21% ± 4%). The observed treatment effect was greater with USMBs before XRT than when administering XRT first, but these differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe maximum tumor effect was observed with USMBs delivered 6 hours before XRT. The sequencing of treatment did not have a significant effect on the tumor response.
A novel strategy for the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma: DNA methylation
Authors: Liu Aimei , Wu Qinghua , Peng Dapeng , Ares Irma , Anadón Arturo , Lopez‐Torres Bernardo , Martínez‐Larrañaga María‐Rosa , Wang Xu , Martínez María‐Aránzazu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe cancer mortality rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second highest in the world and the therapeutic options are limited. The incidence of this deadly cancer is rising at an alarming rate because of the high degree of resistance to chemo‐ and radiotherapy, lack of proper, and adequate vaccination to hepatitis B, and lack of consciousness and knowledge about the disease itself and the lifestyle of the people. DNA methylation and DNA methylation‐induced epigenetic alterations, due to their potential reversibility, open the access to develop novel biomarkers and therapeutics for HCC. The contribution to these epigenetic changes in HCC development still has not been thoroughly summarized. Thus, it is necessary to better understand the new molecular targets of HCC epigenetics in HCC diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. This review elaborates on recent key findings regarding molecular biomarkers for HCC early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Currently emerging epigenetic drugs for the treatment of HCC are summarized. In addition, combining epigenetic drugs with nonepigenetic drugs for HCC treatment is also mentioned. The molecular mechanisms of DNA methylation‐mediated HCC resistance are reviewed, providing some insights into the difficulty of treating liver cancer and anticancer drug development.
Conformable dual‐band wireless energy harvester dedicated to the urban environment
Authors: Berges Romain , Fadel Ludivine , Oyhenart Laurent , Vigneras Valérie , Taris Thierry 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study presents a wireless energy harvester optimized to convert far‐field radio frequency (RF) energy to direct current (DC) voltages at very low received power levels. It is based on a conformable dual‐band rectenna implemented on a polyimide‐based flexible substrate using screen printing technology and commercially off the shelf devices. At 900 MHz, the proposed rectenna provides a rectified voltage of 1 V for a power density of 10.5 mW m−2 and features an RF to DC conversion of 20% for an available input power of −15 dBm reaching 30% at −5 dBm. At 2.4 GHz, the optimal efficiency is only 10%. The harvester has been characterized in laboratory and then tested in a realistic scenario: the remote powering of a clock, consuming 5 μA at 1 V is demonstrated with a smartphone downloading a video at 30 cm.
Taking compact NMR to monitoring real reactions in large‐scale chemical industries—General considerations and learnings from a lab‐scale test case
Authors: Nestle Nikolaus , Lim Zi Jian , Böhringer Tobias , Abtmeyer Sarah , Arenz Sven , Leinweber Felix C. , Weiß Thomas , von Harbou Erik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe considerations for use of compact nuclear magnetic resonance in a large‐scale industrial environment clearly differ from those in academic and educational settings and even from those in smaller companies. In the first part of this article, these differences will be discussed along with the additional requirements that need to be fulfilled for successful applicability in different use cases. In the second part of the article, outcomes from different research activities aiming to fulfill these requirements will be presented with a focus on an online reaction‐monitoring study on a lab‐scale nucleophilic chlorination reaction.
Adaptive isogeometric analysis for phase‐field modeling of anisotropic brittle fracture
Authors: Chen Lin , Li Bin , de Borst René 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe surface energy a phase‐field approach to brittle fracture in anisotropic materials is also anisotropic and gives rise to second‐order gradients in the phase field entering the energy functional. This necessitates C1 continuity of the basis functions which are used to interpolate the phase field. The basis functions which are employed in isogeometric analysis (IGA), such as nonuniform rational B‐splines and T‐splines naturally possess a higher order continuity and are therefore ideally suited for phase‐field models which are equipped with an anisotropic surface energy. Moreover, the high accuracy of spline discretizations, also relative to their computational demand, significantly reduces the fineness of the required discretization. This holds a fortiori if adaptivity is included. Herein, we present two adaptive refinement schemes in IGA, namely, adaptive local refinement and adaptive hierarchical refinement, for phase‐field simulations of anisotropic brittle fracture. The refinement is carried out using a subdivision operator and exploits the Bézier extraction operator. Illustrative examples are included, which show that the method can simulate highly complex crack patterns such as zigzag crack propagation. An excellent agreement is obtained between the solutions from global refinement and adaptive refinement, with a reasonable reduction of the computational effort when using adaptivity.
An update on maternal medication‐related embryopathies
Authors: Gheysen Willem , Kennedy Debra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is a general perception that any exposure to medication during pregnancy poses a potential risk to the fetus. Most available data about teratogenic drugs is derived from animal studies, case reports, or cohort studies. As a result, counseling women and their partners about the safety of drugs during pregnancy can be difficult due to limited information about efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and teratogenicity of some drugs. However, this should always be done in the context of weighing up potential teratogenic risks with the perinatal risks of an untreated medical or psychiatric condition. Ideally, this counseling should occur prior to a planned pregnancy so that medications and treatment of chronic medical conditions can be optimized. It is important that clinicians providing antenatal care are able to confidently manage women including utilizing appropriate resources. This paper aims at reviewing a selected (non‐exhaustive) list of the most commonly prescribed medications considered significant human teratogens and provides recommendations for pre‐conception and antenatal counseling.
Measures of nocturnal oxyhemoglobin desaturation in children with neuromuscular disease or Prader‐Willi syndrome
Authors: Kaditis Athanasios G. , Polytarchou Anastasia , Moudaki Aggeliki , Panaghiotopoulou‐Gartagani Polytimi , Kanaka‐Gantenbein Christina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesEvidence for nocturnal oximetry interpretation in patients with abnormal neuromuscular function is limited. We aimed to compare children with neuromuscular disease (NMD) or Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) to otherwise healthy subjects with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) or without respiratory disorder (controls) regarding nocturnal oximetry parameters.MethodsWe analyzed recordings from children with: (a) NMD; (b) PWS; (c) snoring and adenotonsillar hypertrophy and/or obesity (SDB); and (d) controls. Outcomes included: (a) basal SpO2; (b) proportions of subjects with McGill oximetry score (MOS) >1 (clusters of desaturations); and (c) desaturation index (SpO2 drops ≥3%/h‐ODI3).ResultsData of 12 subjects with NMD (median age, 5.2 years; IQR, 2.7, 8.2), 14 children with PWS (5 years; 2.3, 6.9), 21 children with SDB (5.8 years; 4.6, 9.6), and 20 controls (6.2 years; 5.4, 11.2) were analyzed. Children with NMD, PWS, and SDB had lower basal SpO2 than controls (95.6% [94.5%, 96.9%], 96.2% [95.1%, 97.4%], 96.1% [95.8%, 97.5%] vs 97.8% [97.2%, 97.9%], respectively; (P < .01). NMD and PWS showed the greatest negative effect on basal SpO2 (P < .05). Children with SDB or PWS had a higher risk of MOS >1 than patients with NMD (OR, 25.9 [95% CI, 3.4‐200.4] and 9.5 [1.5‐62.6]). NMD, PWS, and SDB were similar regarding ODI3, which was elevated compared to ODI3 in controls (P < .05). Frequent desaturations predominated in NMD, while periods of sustained desaturation were noted in NMD and PWS.ConclusionPWS and NMD have a negative effect on basal SpO2, while clusters of desaturations are prevalent in patients with PWS or obstructive SDB.
Ligand‐protein interactions in lysozyme investigated through a dual‐resolution model
Authors: Fiorentini Raffaele , Kremer Kurt , Potestio Raffaello 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA fully atomistic (AT) modeling of biological macromolecules at relevant length‐ and time‐scales is often cumbersome or not even desirable, both in terms of computational effort required and a posteriori analysis. This difficulty can be overcome with the use of multiresolution models, in which different regions of the same system are concurrently described at different levels of detail. In enzymes, computationally expensive AT detail is crucial in the modeling of the active site in order to capture, for example, the chemically subtle process of ligand binding. In contrast, important yet more collective properties of the remainder of the protein can be reproduced with a coarser description. In the present work, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach through the calculation of the binding free energy of hen egg white lysozyme with the inhibitor di‐N‐acetylchitotriose. Particular attention is payed to the impact of the mapping, that is, the selection of AT and coarse‐grained residues, on the binding free energy. It is shown that, in spite of small variations of the binding free energy with respect to the active site resolution, the separate contributions coming from different energetic terms (such as electrostatic and van der Waals interactions) manifest a stronger dependence on the mapping, thus pointing to the existence of an optimal level of intermediate resolution.
Simulation of vadose zone flow processes via inverse modeling of modified multistep outflow for fine‐grained soils
Authors: Bahrami Amir , Aghamir Fateme 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCharacterization and measurement of the hydraulic properties of unsaturated porous media is still a challenge in natural environments, although exact knowledge of the soil's hydraulic properties [unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity (K), volumetric water content (θ), soil matric head (h)] is crucial for solving many soil, hydrological, and environmental issues. The main purpose of this study was to establish a modified multistep outflow technique that facilitates laboratory operations and reduces time and costs. We also focused on inverse parameter optimization of the Mualem–van Genuchten (MVG) model with laboratory‐provided data for three fine‐grained soils. This modified version was assessed by inverse modeling of the MVG model and the generalized reduced gradient algorithm. The results represent the best estimate of the adjusted parameters and the very low uncertainty associated with the fitted values. The soil hydraulic functions were simulated well up to pressures of 1,500 kPa and their uncertainties were extremely low. The R2 values were 88 to 97 and 81 to 96% for the soil water characteristics and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity functions, respectively. The simultaneous optimization of the nonlinear hydraulic functions from a single transient flow experiment agreed well with their observed data for each soil examined. Besides, by eliminating the use of tensiometers and having no independent measurements of saturated soil hydraulic conductivity and saturated volumetric water content, the modified version was faster and easier than the conventional method. The proposed protocol appears to be suited for the vadose zone flow simulation of fine‐grained soils.
A new Changhsingian (Lopingian) brachiopod fauna of the shallow‐water clastic shelf facies from Fujian Province, south‐eastern China
Authors: Wu Huiting , Zhang Yang , Stubbs Thomas L. , Liu Jingqi , Sun Yuanlin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough much attention has been paid to Changhsingian brachiopods in South China, there are only two Chinese studies, published in 1979 and 1990, on Changhsingian brachiopods from the south‐eastern part of South China. Based on systematically collected fossil material, this paper describes and quantitatively analyses a Changhsingian brachiopod fauna from the Luokeng Formation at the Hongtian section, Fujian Province, south‐eastern China, for the first time. Of the brachiopods (30 species in 19 genera) described and illustrated, Cathaysia yongdingensis Liao and an endemic genus of South China (Qinglongia) are reported in English for the first time. Two new species, Neochonetes (Sommeriella) longa and Neochonetes (Sommeriella) transversa, are also proposed. The Hongtian fauna is mainly composed of Cathaysia (29.4%), Neochonetes (19.3%), Linoproductus (13.5%), and Orthothetina (11.7%), and is correlated with the brachiopod fauna from the lower part of the Luokeng Formation in Fujian Province. Based on new and previously published quantitative data, we suggest that the Cathaysia–Neochonetes–Orthothetina Assemblage should represent the early Changhsingian brachiopod fauna in the shallow‐water clastic shelf of Fujian Province. After comparing this fauna with contemporaneous brachiopod fauna from the shallow‐water clastic shelf in the Yangtze area, we find that Neochonetes is a common genus in both areas, but that Fusichonetes is predominant in the Yangtze, while Cathaysia–Orthothetina are the additional main genera in south‐western China.
Protective effects of Sasa veitchii extract on acute ethanol‐induced hepatotoxicity in mice
Authors: Yoshioka Hiroki , Tominaga Sarah , Nishikawa Mai , Ichimaru Yoshimi , Maeda Tohru , Nonogaki Tsunemasa , Fujii Hirohisa , Nakao Makoto 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTAimHigh alcohol consumption leads to alcohol‐related disease. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Sasa veitchii extract (SE) on ethanol‐induced liver injury.MethodsOf four groups of 7‐week‐old male mice (control, SE, ethanol, and SE + ethanol groups), SE and SE + ethanol groups were orally treated with SE once a day for 3 days. Twenty‐four hours after the last administration, the SE + ethanol and ethanol groups were intraperitoneally injected with ethanol (2 g/kg). The mice in each group were euthanized 24 h after ethanol administration, and blood and livers were collected.ResultsHistopathological examination of the livers of ethanol‐treated mice revealed a depletion of glycogen. Ethanol injection resulted in high plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and high levels of hepatic lipid peroxidation and inflammatory cytokines. Pretreatment with SE reversed all these changes in SE + ethanol mice compared to that in the ethanol group. Moreover, SE injection increased the hepatic protein levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2.ConclusionOur results show that SE protected the mice against acute ethanol‐induced hepatic injury by modulating oxidative stress and ethanol metabolism, and hence, could be explored for treatment of alcohol‐related disease.
Micrositing under practical constraints addressing the energy‐noise‐cost trade‐off
Authors: Mittal Prateek , Mitra Kishalay 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWind energy is running well ahead of its peers to deal with the demand–supply and environmental crisis due to fossil fuels. However, continuous exploitation of land led wind farms built in close proximity of dwellings of human beings, restricted zones, causing adverse effect on health and the environment. In this work, using a widely used model for wake and acoustic model (ISO‐9613‐2), the optimal number and locations of turbines in a farm has been determined while meeting several conflicting objectives such as noise propagation, energy, and cost. An index‐based decomposition and repair strategy (iDRS) using different indices for grid locations and performing repair on chromosomes to enhance the performance of convergence has been proposed as solution methodology. Comparing with a well‐established case study, the methodology is applied next to another realistic case, where the effects of the presence of practical constraints on the optimal layout are demonstrated. A designer can select a layout from several choices from the obtained Pareto set of solutions based on the permissible noise limits, cost obligations, and the extent of harnessed energy.