bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical application of autophagy‐activating peptide improved skin barrier function and reduced acne symptoms in acne‐prone skin
Authors: Lee Yoonjin , Shin Kayoung , Shin Kyong‐Oh , Yoon Seokjeong , Jung Juyeon , Hwang Eojin , Chung Hwa‐Jee , Hossini Amir M. , Zouboulis Christos C. , Baek Min Jeong , Baek Ji Hwoon , Chi Young Min , Lee Sangeun , Jeong Sekyoo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies about the important roles of autophagy signaling in sebaceous lipogenesis and epidermal differentiation suggest potential benefits of autophagy activation in acne.AimsTo investigate the effects of an autophagy activator on acne‐prone skin.MethodsAutophagy signaling in human immortalized SZ95 sebocytes, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, and 3D reconstituted skin was examined. Effects of an autophagy‐activating peptide on sebaceous lipogenesis were measured by fluorescence microscopic analysis. The clinical efficacy in acne‐prone skin was evaluated through an eight‐week, double‐blind, randomized, vehicle‐controlled study. Changes in skin surface lipid compositions were further analyzed.ResultsIn cultured sebocytes and keratinocytes, the investigated autophagy‐activating peptide increased LC3‐II expression, indicating a stimulation of autophagy signaling. Testosterone and linoleic acid treatment induced lipogenesis in cultured sebocytes and is further inhibited by the autophagy activator peptide treatment. Increased expression of differentiation marker proteins in cultured keratinocytes was also observed by autophagy‐activating peptide. In clinical study, reduction of closed comedones and the amount of skin surface lipids as well as of trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL) were observed in acne‐prone skin after autophagy‐activating peptide application. In addition, reduction of squalene and increase in cholesterol were observed after an 8‐week application.ConclusionsTopical application of an autophagy activator downregulated sebaceous lipogenesis and improved the skin barrier function. Considering the important roles of sebum and skin barrier function in acne pathogenesis, autophagy activation might represent a new therapeutic option in early forms of acne.
Cytokine storm syndrome in coronavirus disease 2019: A narrative review
Authors: Gao Y.‐M. , Xu G. , Wang B. , Liu B.‐C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is a critical clinical condition induced by a cascade of cytokine activation, characterized by overwhelming systemic inflammation, hyperferritinaemia, haemodynamic instability and multiple organ failure (MOF). At the end of 2019, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) emerged in Wuhan, China, and rapidly developed into a global pandemic. More and more evidence shows that there is a dramatic increase of inflammatory cytokines in patients with COVID‐19, suggesting the existence of cytokine storm in some critical illness patients. Here, we summarize the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation of CSS, and highlight the current understanding about the recognition and potential therapeutic options of CSS in COVID‐19.
Species traits are better determinants of mobility than management in a species‐rich meadow
Authors: Rychtecká Terezie , Lepš Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuestionInter‐annual species mobility within a community might support species co‐existence in species‐rich ecosystems. We asked how species mobility within a highly diverse grassland community is affected by species traits and how external conditions (management) affect mobility.LocationSemi‐natural wet meadow in southern Bohemia, Czech Republic (48°57′ N, 14°36′ E, 510 m a.s.l.).MethodsA manipulative experiment comprising mowing, fertilization, and removal of the dominant speciesMolinia caeruleawas established, in factorial design, in a semi‐natural species‐rich meadow in 1994. Rooting presence of all species was recorded in individual 0.1 m × 0.1 m cells grid within 0.5 m × 0.5 m permanently fixed quadrats. We used a 14‐year continuous time series to evaluate species persistence (ability to stay in a cell over time) in each plot, using the point correlation coefficient (V), and related persistence to different plant traits. At the community level we also determined mobility, as floristic dissimilarity of the individual cell and the whole 0.5 m × 0.5 m quadrat across contiguous years.ResultsThe differences in traits and mobility among species were remarkable: “sitters,” retaining their spatial position (e.g.Succisa pratensis, Carex umbrosa) had tougher leaves, usually had shoot generation overlap, a rosette and did not have effective clonal spreading; “travelers” (e.g.Lysimachia vulgaris, Lathyrus pratensis) changed their position frequently and had opposite traits. Of the experimental factors, only mowing affected mobility, increasing persistence, but all factors modified species mobility ranking slightly. Against expectation, species richness was negatively correlated with community mobility.ConclusionsA high degree of mobility in species‐rich meadows does not necessarily enhance diversity. However, a functional differentiation between more mobile and fixed species can be expected within co‐existing species. Species mobility is highly species‐specific and less affected by management.
Targeted next‐generation sequencing of adult gliomas for retrospective prognostic evaluation and up‐front diagnostics
Authors: Petersen J. K. , Boldt H. B. , Sørensen M. D. , Blach S. , Dahlrot R. H. , Hansen S. , Burton M. , Thomassen M. , Kruse T. , Poulsen F. R. , Andreasen L. , Hager H. , Ulhøi B. P. , Lukacova S. , Reifenberger G. , Kristensen B. W. 
Published: July 2020

AimsWe aimed to reclassify a population‐based cohort of 529 adult glioma patients to evaluate the prognostic impact of the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) central nervous system tumour classification. Moreover, we evaluated the feasibility of gene panel next‐generation sequencing (NGS) in daily diagnostics of 225 prospective glioma patients.MethodsThe retrospective cohort was reclassified according to WHO 2016 criteria by immunohistochemistry for IDH‐R132H, fluorescence in situ hybridization for 1p/19q‐codeletion and gene panel NGS. All tumours of the prospective cohort were subjected to NGS analysis up‐front.ResultsThe entire population‐based cohort was successfully reclassified according to WHO 2016 criteria. NGS results were obtained for 98% of the prospective patients. Survival analyses in the population‐based cohort confirmed three major prognostic subgroups, that is, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)‐mutant and 1p/19q‐codeleted oligodendrogliomas, IDH‐mutant astrocytomas and IDH‐wildtype glioblastomas. The distinction between WHO grade II and III was prognostic in patients with IDH‐mutant astrocytoma. The survival of patients with IDH‐wildtype diffuse astrocytomas carrying TERT promoter mutation and/or EGFR amplification overlapped with the poor survival of IDH‐wildtype glioblastoma patients.ConclusionsGene panel NGS proved feasible in daily diagnostics. In addition, our study confirms the prognostic role of glioma classification according to WHO 2016 in a large population‐based cohort. Molecular features of glioblastoma in IDH‐wildtype diffuse glioma were linked to poor survival corresponding to IDH‐wildtype glioblastoma patients. The distinction between WHO grade II and III retained prognostic significance in patients with IDH‐mutant diffuse astrocytic gliomas.
An international survey on clinicians' perspectives on the diagnosis and management of chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction and enteric dysmotility
Authors: Vasant Dipesh H. , Pironi Loris , Barbara Giovanni , Bozzetti Federico , Cuerda Cristina , Joly Francisca , Mundi Manpreet , Paine Peter , Staun Michael , Szczepanek Kinga , Van Gossum André , Wanten Geert , Lal Simon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (CIPO) and enteric dysmotility (ED) are small intestinal motility disorders defined by radiological and manometric criteria. In the absence of consensus guidelines, we surveyed opinions on the diagnosis and management of CIPO and ED among experts from different countries.MethodsA survey questionnaire was circulated electronically to members of the European society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, European Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, and United European Gastroenterology. Only responses from participants completing all required components were included.Key ResultsOf 154 participants, 93% agreed that CIPO and ED should be classified separately. Overall, 73% reported an increasing incidence of CIPO and ED, with hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome the group with the largest increase in referrals (37%), particularly in the UK (P < .0001). The majority (95%) find diagnosing CIPO and ED difficult. Notably, antroduodenal manometry, a test mandated to diagnose ED, is infrequently used (only 21% respondents use in >50% cases) and full thickness biopsies were reported to seldom influence medical treatment, nutritional management, and prognosis. Respondents reported that very few treatments are useful for most patients, with bacterial overgrowth treatment, prucalopride, and psychological therapies felt to be the most useful. While only 23% of clinicians felt that parenteral nutrition (PN) improves gastrointestinal symptoms in >50% of cases, 68% reported PN dependency at 5 years in the majority of cases.Conclusions and InferencesThese data highlight the difficulties with diagnosing and managing CIPO and ED and underscore the urgent need for international, multidisciplinary, clinical practice guidelines.
Food supplements and diet as treatment options in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Dimidi Eirini , Whelan Kevin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional bowel disorder affecting 5.7% of the general population. Most patients relate their symptoms of IBS to foods they consume with diet being the most frequently reported factor impacting their life. However, although some foods may trigger symptoms, others may provide symptom relief. Indeed, several foods and diets have been investigated for their effectiveness in relieving IBS symptoms. In this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, a double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled trial in 160 patients with IBS demonstrated Aloe vera not to be effective in improving IBS symptoms. The aim of this review is to discuss the evidence on the effect of food supplements and diets in the management of IBS. Specifically, this review examines the evidence for aloe vera, peppermint oil, probiotics, fiber and prebiotics, healthy eating, the low FODMAP diet, and the gluten‐free diet.
Lycopodium root meristem dynamics supports homology between shoots and roots in lycophytes
Authors: Fujinami Rieko , Nakajima Atsuko , Imaichi Ryoko , Yamada Toshihiro 
Published: July 2020

Summary

Roots have played a pivotal role in the conquest of land by vascular plants, yet their origin has remained enigmatic. Palaeobotanical evidence suggests that roots may have originated from subterranean shoots in some lycophyte species. If this hypothesis is correct, it would follow that the roots and shoots of extant lycophytes share fundamental developmental mechanisms.

We tracked meristem dynamics in root and shoot apices of Lycopodium clavatum using a thymidine analogue and expression patterns of histone H4, respectively. Then we compared the meristem dynamics of roots and shoots to identify developmental similarities.

Both apical meristems contained a quiescent tissue characterised by a low frequency of cell division. Actively dividing cells appeared in the quiescent tissue during dichotomous branching of both roots and shoots. As a result, the parental meristem divides into two daughter meristems, which give rise to new root or shoot apices.

These striking similarities in meristem dynamics provide new neobotanical data that support the shoot‐origin hypothesis of lycophyte roots. Although Lycopodium roots may have originated from subterranean shoots of Devonian lycophytes, these shoots may have changed into root‐bearing axes in other extant lycophyte lineages.
The spatio‐temporal biosynthesis of floral flavonols is controlled by differential phylogenetic MYB regulators in Freesia hybrida
Authors: Shan Xiaotong , Li Yueqing , Yang Song , Yang Zhongzhou , Qiu Meng , Gao Ruifang , Han Taotao , Meng Xiangyu , Xu Zhengyi , Wang Li , Gao Xiang 
Published: July 2020

Summary

Floral flavonols play specific pivotal roles in pollinator attraction, pollen germination and fertility, in addition to other functions in vegetative organs. For many plants, the process of flavonol biosynthesis in late flower development stages and in mature flower tissues is poorly understood, in contrast to early flower development stages. It is thought that this process may be regulated independently of subgroup 7 R2R3 MYB (SG7 MYB) transcription factors.

In this study, two FLS genes were shown to be expressed synchronously with the flower development‐specific and tissue‐specific biosynthesis of flavonols in Freesia hybrida.

FhFLS1 contributed to flavonol biosynthesis in early flower buds, toruses and calyxes, and was regulated by four well‐known SG7 MYB proteins, designated as FhMYBFs, with at least partial regulatory redundancy. FhFLS2 accounted for flavonols in late developed flowers and in the petals, stamens and pistils, and was targeted directly by non SG7 MYB protein FhMYB21L2. In parallel, AtMYB21 and AtMYB24 also activated AtFLS1, a gene highly expressed in Arabidopsis anthers and pollen, indicating the conserved regulatory roles of MYB21 against FLS genes in these two evolutionarily divergent angiosperm plants.

Our results reveal a novel regulatory and synthetic mechanism underlying flavonol biosynthesis in floral organs and tissues which may be exploited to investigate supplementary roles of flavonols in flowers.
Anxiety and oral lichen planus
Authors: Liao Honglin , Luo Yuxue , Long Li , Peng Jiakuan , Qiu Xuemei , Yuan Peiyang , Xu Hao , Jiang Lu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the association between oral lichen planu(OLP) and anxiety.Subjects and MethodsThis study included 174 OLP patients and 174 healthy controls. We assessed anxiety by Self‐rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and recorded OLP lesion type and severity. t test and analysis of variance were applied for continuous variants and chi‐square test was performed for categorical variants. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression analysis were used for multi‐variable analysis.Resultshe SAS score of OLP patients was higher than that of healthy individuals. There was no significant difference in SAS score between the OLP subgroups, obtained according to age, type, and severity, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed gender was the only factor that affected the SAS score of OLP patients. Compared with weakly anxiety‐related groups, the SAS score and female ratio of highly anxiety‐related group were obviously higher. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that males were less exposed to highly anxiety‐related types than females.ConclusionsOLP patients tend to be more anxious compared with healthy individuals, and female patients are more anxious than male patients. There might be two types of OLP patients: weakly anxiety‐related or highly anxiety‐related. These results highlight the significance of psychological counseling in OLP disease management.
Occipitocervical Fusion via Cervical Pedicle Fixation Assisted with O‐arm Navigation
Authors: Wang Yu‐cheng , Zhou Zhang‐zhe , Wang Bin , Zhang Kai , Chen Hao , Chen Kang‐wu , Mao Hai‐qing 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical outcomes of occipitocervical fusion (OCF) using cervical pedicle fixation with assistance of O‐arm navigation and present its clinical feasibility.MethodsFrom January 2015 to December 2016, eight patients with a variety of diagnoses were surgically treated with occipitocervical fusion using cervical pedicle screws under O‐arm navigation. All patients received full workup consisting of clinical and radiological assessments. Perioperative parameters including operating time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, surgical outcomes were recorded. Postoperative data were acquired resorting to the scheduled follow‐up 3, 6 and 12 months after their discharge and annually afterwards. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) Scores and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Scale were used to evaluate neurological function. The accuracy of screw placement was classified according to a modified classification of Gertzbein and Robbins. The fusion status was evaluated in reference to the Bridwell's posterior fusion grades.ResultsThe patient cohort comprised of five males and three females, with the average age of 51.9 years (range from 18 to 74 years). The patients all showed indications for OCF and were performed with polyaxial screws through cervical pedicles. The average operation time was 274 min (range from 226 to 380 min), with the intraoperative blood loss of 437.5 mL and the blood transfusion volume of 481.3 mL. The average follow‐up time was 23.5 months (range from 17 to 32 months). All patients exhibited radiographic evidence of osseous fusion by X‐ray and computed tomography (CT) at the final follow‐up. No neurovascular complications were found during the follow‐up time, and the clinical symptoms were observed to be significantly improved in all the patients. Thirty‐four cervical pedicle screws were implanted within the eight patients, with the accuracy of cervical pedicle screw placements as 94.1% (32/34), among which, two pedicle screws were found to broken through the cervical pedicles that were evaluated as Grade II.ConclusionsOccipitocervical fusion via cervical pedicle fixation assisted with O‐arm navigation is a feasible and safe procedure with a vast range of indications.
Safety of bioelectrical impedance analysis in advanced heart failure patients
Authors: Roehrich Luise , Suendermann Simon , Just Isabell Anna , Knierim Jan , Mulzer Johanna , Mueller Marcus , Eulert‐Grehn Jaime‐Juergen , Hummel Manfred , Starck Christoph , Potapov Evgenij , Knosalla Christoph , Falk Volkmar , Schoenrath Felix 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac cachexia and frailty are major complications of advanced heart failure (AHF). Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) may provide valuable information regarding fluid balance, muscle mass and prognosis. The main concerns regarding the use of BIA in AHF patients remain arrhythmias and electromagnetic interferences with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Reliable data regarding patients on continuous‐flow ventricular assist device (cf‐VAD) remain scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of BIA in AHF patients on pro‐arrhythmogenic therapy with an implanted CIED and/or with a cf‐VAD.MethodsWe prospectively performed 217 BIA measurements in 143 AHF patients at risk of severe arrhythmias due to inotropic support/a history of ventricular arrhythmias and/or treated with CIED, including 104 patients with an ICD, CRT or pacemaker and 95 patients with a cf‐VAD. All patients were under continuous Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring and clinical surveillance for 24 hours.ResultsNo adverse events were observed during the 217 BIA measurements: No rhythm disturbances were documented in the telemetric monitoring during or within 30 minutes after the measurement. CIEDs showed no malfunction, regardless of the location measured or the device manufacturer. In particular, no inappropriate shocks were observed. No alarms, flow disturbances, or malfunctions of the cf‐VAD occurred during or after the measurements.ConclusionWe consider BIA a safe measurement with major clinical relevance in our cohort of AHF patients, despite an increased arrhythmic potential on inotropic support or the presence of implanted electronic devices (ICD, CRT, pacemaker and cf‐VAD).
Effectiveness and safety of high‐power and short‐duration ablation for cavotricuspid isthmus ablation in atrial flutter
Authors: Kwon Hee‐Jin , Lee Seong Soo , Park Young Jun , Park Seung‐Jung , Park Kyoung‐Min , Kim June Soo , On Young Keun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite many studies on new tools and strategies for cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation, there is an unmet need to improve the CTI ablation procedure. Recently, high‐power short‐duration (HPSD) ablation has been widely used for pulmonary vein (PV) isolation in atrial fibrillation. We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of HPSD for CTI ablation in atrial flutter (AFL).MethodsEighty‐four patients who underwent CTI ablation with or without simultaneous PV isolation between January 2018 and February 2019 were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. We compared procedural characteristics, periprocedural complications, and recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATa) between the HPSD group (50 W for 15 s) and conventional group (30 W for 60 s).ResultsA total of 84 patients were divided into the HPSD (n = 42) and conventional (n = 42) groups. Bidirectional CTI block was achieved in all patients and 95% achieved bidirectional block after the first‐line ablation in both groups. Although there was no difference in the total number of ablation lines between the two groups (1.17 ± 0.7 vs 1.38 ± 0.8, P = .067), HPSD ablation significantly reduced total ablation time compared to the conventional group (236.0 ± 85.6 vs 534.2 ± 235.2 s, P < .001). One pericardial tamponade was reported in the HPSD group. During the mean follow‐up of 9.3 ± 4.8 months, CTI‐dependent AFL recurrence occurred in one patient in the HPSD group. Recurrence of ATa developed in 14 patients with no significant difference between the groups.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that HPSD CTI ablation is safe and can shorten procedure time.
Are developing countries accumulating sufficient total factor productivity to sustain their economic growth and job creation? Empirical evidence from the Middle East and North Africa region
Authors: Abou Hamia Mohamad Ahmad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study contributes new evidence on why the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has failed to create decent jobs for decades. The growth accounting exercise reveals that the region suffered from an acute total factor productivity (TFP) deficit in the 1990s; it improved remarkably in the 2000s, before deteriorating significantly in the period between 2010 and 2017. Throughout the three subperiods, the region’s growth relied heavily on capital accumulation. The severe deficit in TFP and the heavy reliance on physical capital for decades impaired the region’s ability to sustain economic growth and to create decent jobs in the long run. The study recommends more government interventions in knowledge accumulation as a critical precondition for employment generation in developing countries.