bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High thermal plasticity and vulnerability in extreme environments at the warm distributional edge: the case of a tidepool shrimp
Authors: Amsalem Eyal , Rilov Gil 
Published: April 2020

1.AbstractClimate change threatens the resilience of species, especially at their warm distributional edge in extreme environments. However, not much is known about the thermal vulnerability of marine intertidal species at this edge. We investigated the thermal vulnerability of the tidepool shrimp,Palaemon elegansin the fast-warming southeastern Mediterranean, its warm distributional edge. Tidepool organisms experience strong and fast thermal fluctuations. This might make them more resilient to change, but also bring them closer to their thermal limits during extreme conditions. To test the shrimp’s resilience, we tested three hypotheses: (1)P. elegancein the southeast Mediterranean has higher critical thermal maximum (CTMax) than in cooler regions, (2) the shrimp possess seasonal acclimatization, but (3) long exposure to extreme summer temperatures might erode its thermal performance making it vulnerable to future climate change. We characterized the shrimp’s thermal environment and population dynamics, determined CTMax and tested diverse physiological performance attributes (respiration, digestion, activity, growth) under a wide range of temperatures during winter and summer.P. eleganshas a wide optimum performance range between 20-30°C during summer and its CTMax is 38.1°C, higher than its Atlantic counterparts. However, its warming tolerance is only 0.3°C, indicating low capacity for dealing with further warming in pools compared to northeast Atlantic populations that have wider tolerance. Prolonged exposure to current mean summer values in open water (∼ 32°C) would also significantly reduce its performance and increase mortality. This suggests that its population viability may be reduced under continuous regional warming and intensification of extreme events.
An integrated mosquito small RNA genomics resource reveals dynamic evolution and host responses to viruses and transposons
Authors: Ma Qicheng , Srivastav Satyam P. , Gamez Stephanie , Feitosa-Suntheimer Fabiana , Patterson Edward I. , Johnson Rebecca M. , Matson Erik R. , Gold Alexander S. , Brackney Douglas E. , Connor John H. , Colpitts Tonya M. , Hughes Grant L. , Rasgon Jason L. , Nolan Tony , Akbari Omar S. , Lau Nelson C. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTAlthough mosquitoes are major transmission vectors for pathogenic arboviruses, viral infection has little impact on mosquito health. This immunity is due in part to mosquito RNA interference (RNAi) pathways that generate antiviral small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). RNAi also maintains genome integrity by potently repressing mosquito transposon activity in the germline and soma. However, viral and transposon small RNA regulatory pathways have not been systematically examined together in mosquitoes. Therefore, we developed an integrated Mosquito Small RNA Genomics (MSRG) resource that analyzes the transposon and virus small RNA profiles in mosquito cell cultures and somatic and gonadal tissues across four medically important mosquito species. Our resource captures both somatic and gonadal small RNA expression profiles within mosquito cell cultures, and we report the evolutionary dynamics of a novel Mosquito-Conserved piRNA Cluster Locus (MCpiRCL) composed of satellite DNA repeats. In the larger culicine mosquito genomes we detected highly regular periodicity in piRNA biogenesis patterns coinciding with the expansion of Piwi pathway genes. Finally, our resource enables detection of crosstalk between piRNA and siRNA populations in mosquito cells during a response to virus infection. The MSRG resource will aid efforts to dissect and combat the capacity of mosquitoes to tolerate and spread arboviruses.
Reproductive phasiRNA loci and DICER-LIKE5, but not microRNA loci, diversified in monocotyledonous plants
Authors: Patel Parth , Mathioni Sandra M. , Hammond Reza , Harkess Alex E. , Kakrana Atul , Arikit Siwaret , Dusia Ayush , Meyers Blake C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn monocots other than maize and rice, the repertoire and diversity of microRNAs (miRNAs) and the populations of phased, secondary, small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) are poorly characterized. To remedy this, we sequenced small RNAs from vegetative and dissected inflorescence tissue in 28 phylogenetically diverse monocots and from several early-diverging angiosperm lineages, as well as publicly available data from 10 additional monocot species. We annotated miRNAs, siRNAs and phasiRNAs across the monocot phylogeny, identifying miRNAs apparently lost or gained in the grasses relative to other monocot families, as well as a number of tRNA fragments misannotated as miRNAs. Using our miRNA database cleaned of these misannotations, we identified conservation at the 8th, 9th, 19thand 3’ end positions that we hypothesize are signatures of selection for processing, targeting, or Argonaute sorting. We show that 21-nt reproductive phasiRNAs are far more numerous in grass genomes than other monocots. Based on sequenced monocot genomes and transcriptomes, DICER-LIKE5 (DCL5), important to 24-nt phasiRNA biogenesis, likely originated via gene duplication before the diversification of the grasses. This curated database of phylogenetically diverse monocot miRNAs, siRNAs, and phasiRNAs represents a large collection of data that should facilitate continued exploration of small RNA diversification in flowering plants.
Structural Basis of RNA Cap Modification by SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus
Authors: Viswanathan Thiruselvam , Arya Shailee , Chan Siu-Hong , Qi Shan , Dai Nan , Hromas Robert A. , Park Jun-Gyu , Oladunni Fatai , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Gupta Yogesh K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronoavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19 illness, has caused over 2 million infections worldwide in four months. In SARS coronaviruses, the non-structural protein 16 (nsp16) methylates the 5’-end of virally encoded mRNAs to mimic cellular mRNAs, thus protecting the virus from host innate immune restriction. We report here the high-resolution structure of a ternary complex of full-length nsp16 and nsp10 of SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of cognate RNA substrate and a methyl donor, S-adenosyl methionine. The nsp16/nsp10 heterodimer was captured in the act of 2’-O methylation of the ribose sugar of the first nucleotide of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA. We reveal large conformational changes associated with substrate binding as the enzyme transitions from a binary to a ternary state. This structure provides new mechanistic insights into the 2’-O methylation of the viral mRNA cap. We also discovered a distantly located ligand-binding site unique to SARS-CoV-2 that may serve as an alternative target site for antiviral development.
Conservation and divergence of DNA replication control inChlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Ikui Amy E. , Ueki Noriko , Pecani Kresti , Cross Frederick 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTWe recently isolated temperature-sensitive cell cycle mutants inChlamydomonas reinhardtiifor which the causative mutations were located in genes annotated for potential involvement in DNA replication.Chlamydomonashas a very long G1 period during which cells grow up to ~10-fold without division, followed by rapid cycles of DNA replication and mitosis (‘multiple fission’). All of the candidate DNA replication mutants tested were defective in completion of the first round of DNA replication, and also failed to produce mitotic spindles. For a subset of the mutants, we rescued temperature-sensitive lethality with tagged transgenes and used the resulting strains to analyze abundance and localization control of the tagged protein. All of the DNA replication proteins tested were essentially undetectable until late G1, accumulated during the period of multiple fission and then were degraded as cells completed their terminal divisions. MCM4 and MCM6 were localized to the nucleus during the division cycle except for transient cytoplasmic localization during mitosis. CDC45 showed strict protein location to the nucleus and co-localized to spindles during mitosis. In contrast, CDC6 was detected in the nucleus only transiently during early divisions within the overall multiple fission cycle. Cdc6 protein levels were very low, but increased upon treatment with MG132, a proteasome inhibitor. We also tested if these DNA replication proteins are regulated by cyclin dependent kinase (CDK). There are two main CDKs inChlamydomonas, CDKA1 and CDKB1. We found that CDC6 protein level was severely reduced in acdka1mutant, but not in acdkb1mutant. MG132 did not detectably increase CDC6 levels in thecdka1mutant, suggesting that CDKA1 upregulates CDC6 at the transcription level. Since MCM4, MCM6 and CDC6 were all essentially undetectable during the long G1 before DNA replication cycles began, we speculate that loading of origins with the MCM helicase may not occur until the end of the long G1, unlike in the budding yeast system. These results provide a microbial framework for approaching replication control in the plant kingdom.
Regulatory control circuits for stabilizing long-term anabolic product formation in yeast
Authors: D’Ambrosio Vasil , Dore Eleonora , Di Blasi Roberto , van den Broek Marcel , Sudarsan Suresh , Horst Jolanda ter , Ambri Francesca , Sommer Morten O.A. , Rugbjerg Peter , Keasling Jay. D , Mans Robert , Jensen Michael K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEngineering living cells for production of chemicals, enzymes and therapeutics can burden cells due to use of limited native co-factor availability and/or expression burdens, totalling a fitness deficit compared to parental cells encoded through long evolutionary trajectories to maximise fitness. Ultimately, this discrepancy puts a selective pressure against fitness-burdened engineered cells under prolonged bioprocesses, and potentially leads to complete eradication of high-performing engineered cells at the population level. Here we present the mutation landscapes of fitness-burdened yeast cells engineered for vanillin-β-glucoside production. Next, we design synthetic control circuits based on transcriptome analysis and biosensors responsive to vanillin-β-glucoside pathway intermediates in order to stabilize vanillin-β-glucoside production over ∼55 generations in sequential passage experiments. Furthermore, using biosensors with two different modes of action we identify control circuits linking vanillin-β-glucoside pathway flux to various essential cellular functions, and demonstrate control circuits robustness and 92% higher vanillin-β-glucoside production, including 5-fold increase in total vanillin-β-glucoside pathway metabolite accumulation, in a fed-batch fermentation compared to vanillin-β-glucoside producing cells without control circuits.
How did SARS-CoV-19 spread in India from Italy, Iran and China? Genetic surveillance of early cases and virus demography
Authors: Thakur Mukesh , Singh Abhishek , Joshi Bheem Dutt , Ghosh Avijit , Singh Sujeet Kumar , Singh Neha , Sharma Lalit Kumar , Chandra Kailash 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSARS-CoV-19 after emerging from Wuhan, drastically devastated all sectors of human life by crushing down the global economy and increased psychological burden on public, government, and healthcare professionals. We manifested by analyzing 35 early coronavirus cases of India, that virus introduction in India, occurred from Italy, Iran and China and population demography apparently revealed a rapid population expansion after the outbreak with a present steady growth. We depicted nucleotide substitutions in structural genes, drove for the adaptive selection and plead for sequencing more genomes to facilitate identification of new emerged mutants, genetic evolution and disease transmission caused by coronavirus.
A research agenda for problematising profit and profitability
Authors: Lowe Alan , Nama Yesh , Preda Alexandru 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to advance a research agenda on the topic of problematising profit and profitability. This paper also acts as an introduction to this Accounting, Auditing & Accountability (AAAJ) special section which aims to foster the development of literature focussing on critically evaluating issues surrounding profit and profitability and their sometimes, deleterious effects on society. The authors encourage an interdisciplinary discussion on the concepts of profit and profitability and various ways in which the authors could potentially problematise these concepts.Design/methodology/approachThe authors undertake a purposive interdisciplinary review to provide context on problematising profit and profitability by briefly discussing the evolution of the concept of profit and by reviewing some contemporary debates and discussions about the role and status of profit and profitability.FindingsIn order to further develop the literature on problematising profit and profitability, it is important to broaden the analytical framework in order to (1) uncover the assumptions that make profitable activities possible as well as justifications of such activities; (2) analyse the practices of profit not only in the sense of computational practices but also in the sense of strategic and rhetorical calculations; (3) evaluate the practices of profit and profitability where they are situated within social and power relationships and (4) connect practices of profit to specific social imaginaries of profit.Originality/valueIn setting out a future research agenda, this paper fosters theoretical and methodological pluralism and encourages box-breaking research in the research community focussing on problematising profit and profitability in various settings. The perspectives offered in this paper provides not only a basis for further research in this critical area of discourse and regulation on the role and status of profit and profitability but also provides emancipatory potential for practitioners (to be reflective of their practices and their undesired consequences of such practices) whose overarching focus is on these accounting numbers.
Why do consumers buy organic food? Results from an S–O–R model
Authors: Liang Austin Rong-Da , Lim Wai-Mun 
Published: April 2020

PurposeOrganic food consumption is a complex process that makes it difficult for organic food businesses to develop appropriate marketing strategies. This study thus adopted the stimuli–organism–response (S–O–R) model to create a comprehensive framework to understand consumers' organic food purchase decisions.Design/methodology/approachThis study collected 592 valid samples in organic food chain stores and markets by random sampling method. Meanwhile, structural equation modelling was adopted to test hypotheses.FindingsThe research findings indicate that consumer preference for natural food was the most important factor for enhancing purchase intention, followed by health consciousness, health risk, attitude towards organic food and trust in labelling. Perceptions of nutritional value positively influenced attitudes towards organic food and trust in labelling, followed by perceptions of environmental effects; conversely, attitudes towards organic food labelling had the least effect on increasing trust in labelling. Attitudes towards organic food labelling was the most important factor influencing positive attitudes towards organic food, followed by consumer perception of environmental protection effects.Originality/valueThis study demonstrates the relative influence of different variables on organic food purchase intention. Compared with consumer attitude towards organic food and trust in labelling, consumers' individual health was the most important factor influencing their purchase intention. As health and naturalness are attractive factors for consumers, the organic food industry can emphasize health protection in their marketing strategies.
A dynamic evolutionary game model of web celebrity brand eWOM marketing control strategy
Authors: Liao Mengjie , Zhang Jian , Wang Ruimei 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to recognize whether government policy supervision or social network platform supervision can effectively promote the control of misconducts of web celebrity brand eWOM marketing and to identify the key factors influencing the unhealthy web celebrity marketing environment.Design/methodology/approachTheoretical research was employed to develop a practical approach for applying evolutionary game theory to eWOM marketing controlling strategies modeling via dynamic visualization, systematic simulation experiments.FindingsEvolutionary game theory combined with dynamic simulation modeling can provide a formal approach to understanding web celebrity brand eWOM marketing decision-making in social media, which can thus support the control of unhealthy web celebrity marketing environment. The results demonstrate that the reasonable control of social platform control costs may be more effective than the government policy on web celebrity fake brand eWOM marketing behaviors.Originality/valueThe study enriches the research on the management and control of eWOM marketing as well as provides guidance for the sustainable development of the web celebrity economy in social media.
Can online social interaction improve the digital finance participation of rural households?
Authors: He Jing , Li Qinghai 
Published: April 2020

PurposeDigital finance is a promising way to realize inclusive finance. However, the determinants of digital finance participation are largely unknown. This study aims to analyze the interface between social interaction and the digital finance participation of rural households and explore potential channels of social interaction to help them access digital finance.Design/methodology/approachUsing rural household survey data from China in 2017, employing the probit, ordered probit and count model, this study assesses the relationship between social interaction and digital finance.FindingsThe authors find that active online social interaction of rural households promotes digital finance participation, which also increases the depth and breadth of digital finance usage. Meanwhile, the role of traditional offline social interaction is insignificant. Contextual interaction is the channel through which online social interaction influences digital finance participation. Moreover, word-of-mouth, common topic pleasure and social norms in endogenous interactions are irrelevant. In addition, the role of online social interaction complements offline social interaction at promoting digital finance participation.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the understanding of digital finance by investigating the possible channels by which social interaction influences digital finance participation and highlight an important channel–contextual interaction, especially for online social interaction. This study expands the content of social interaction from traditional offline social interaction to online social interaction to evaluate the interface between social interaction and financial behavior more comprehensively.
Is nutritional status associated with income growth? Evidence from Chinese adults
Authors: Gao Yang , Zheng Zhihao , Henneberry Shida R. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis study estimates the income elasticities of calorie, macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein and fat) and key micronutrients including cholesterol, vitamin A, vitamin C, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc and insoluble fiber separately for urban and rural adults aged 18–60, using China Health and Nutrition Survey data set from 2004 to 2011.Design/methodology/approachA semiparametric model, a two-way fixed-effects model and a quantile regression approach are employed to estimate nutrient–income elasticities.FindingsThe income elasticities of calorie, protein, fat, cholesterol and calcium are in the range of 0.059–0.076, 0.059–0.076, 0.090–0.112, 0.134–0.230, 0.183–0.344 and 0.058–0.105, respectively. The income elasticity of each of the other nutrients is less than 0.1. The income elasticities of calorie and the majority of nutrients included are larger for rural residents than for urban residents and for low-income groups than for medium- and high-income groups. Overall, in spite of having a relatively small impact, income growth is shown to still have an impact on improving the nutritional status of Chinese adults.Originality/valueThis study estimates nutrient–income elasticities separately for urban and rural adults, expanding the scope of the study regarding the impact of income on the nutritional status in China. Moreover, this study uses a pooled sample generated from the personal food consumption records covering foods consumed at home and away from home during 2004–2011, which is thus likely to more comprehensively reveal the causal relationship between income growth and changes in the nutritional status in China.
The adventure (sex)pedition: revisiting Kurt Hahn's educational aims
Authors: Vernon Franklin 
Published: April 2020

PurposeDiscourses celebrating Kurt Hahn's practical and intellectual contributions to the field of progressive education are ubiquitous. However, the centrality of sexuality in Hahn's educational aims is often misrecognized in contemporary accounts. The purpose of this paper is to provide an historical and historicized contextualization of Hahn's hypervigilance on young male sexuality as it pertained to his educational aims.Design/methodology/approachThis is an historical analysis of sexuality in Kurt Hahn's educational aims and practices. It draws on Hahn's own writings and speeches, coupled with documents from his students and colleagues, educational historians, German historians and historians of both world wars. The paper is informed by critical theory as well as critical approaches to gender, sexuality and pedagogy.FindingsContrary to contemporary accounts, Kurt Hahn was neither a liberal nor modernizing progressive educator, nor was he interested in generalized sexual repression. Hahn developed a homophobic pedagogy due to his belief that inside all young males were the latent capacities to either be homosexual or contribute societal value. His political-aristocratic allegiances, desire to identify and educate future ruling classes and fear homosexuality was the death of social value led to the use of adventure as a form of preemptive conversion therapy.Originality/valueThis paper links several historical threads and analyses to provide a unique vantage point for understanding the origins of adventure as pedagogical intervention and Kurt Hahn's aims of education.