bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing surface charge densities on optical fibers with a trapped ion
Authors: Ong Florian R , Schüppert Klemens , Jobez Pierre , Teller Markus , Ames Ben , Fioretto Dario A , Friebe Konstantin , Lee Moonjoo , Colombe Yves , Blatt Rainer , Northup Tracy E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We describe a novel method to measure the surface charge densities on optical fibers placed in the vicinity of a trapped ion, where the ion itself acts as the probe. Surface charges distort the trapping potential, and when the fibers are displaced, the ion’s equilibrium position and secular motional frequencies are altered. We measure the latter quantities for different positions of the fibers and compare these measurements to simulations in which unknown charge densities on the fibers are adjustable parameters. Values ranging from −10 to +50 e µm−2 were determined. Our results will benefit the design and simulation of miniaturized experimental systems combining ion traps and integrated optics, for example, in the fields of quantum computation, communication and metrology. Furthermore, our method can be applied to any setup in which a dielectric element can be displaced relative to a trapped charge-sensitive particle.
An improved cellular automata model for TiN inclusion precipitation
Authors: Gao Xiaohan , Meng Xiangning , Cui Lei , Zhang Kun , Meng Yunfei , Zhu Miaoyong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The mesoscopic dendrite growth model in the solidification process of molten steel is established, based on the cellular automata model. To accurately describe the TiN nucleation process, a heterogeneous nucleation model was used to describe the TiN nucleation process. The accuracy of the dendrite growth model is verified by comparing the CA model and Lipton–Glicksman–Kurz (LGK) analytical model. The growth process of TiN precipitates was simulated by dynamic mesh generation. Meanwhile, the influence of grid anisotropy on dendrite growth is greatly weakened by introducing the decentered square algorithm, and the growth of the equiaxed crystal in all directions is simulated. The results show that the calculated results of the model are in good agreement with the volume and morphology of TiN observed in the experiment. Meanwhile, it is found that the smaller TiN will dissolve at the end of solidification, and there will be a re-precipitation. The precipitation time of High-N and High-Ti alloy systems with the same concentration product is basically the same, but the final precipitation solid fraction of TiN inclusions in High-N (small Ti/N) alloy is larger. N element is the decisive factor of TiN precipitation.
The effect of SO2 on the Ni-YSZ electrode of a solid oxide electrolyzer cell operated in co-electrolysis
Authors: Jeanmonod G , Diethelm S , Van Herle J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this work, the effect of sulphur poisoning of the Ni-YSZ electrode of an SOEC operated in co-electrolysis mode was investigated. Short-term tests with exposure up to 5 ppmv of SO2 were performed at OCV and under polarization (

0.25

A

c
m

−
2

). The two-stages degradation pattern observed consisted of an initial fast voltage increase followed by a slower voltage increase similar to that of an SOFC exposed to H2S. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the analysis of the distribution of relaxation times showed that both the catalytic and electrochemical reactions were affected by SO2. After extended periods in SO2-free reactant, only a partial recovery of the performances was observed even when exposure amounted to only 0.5 ppmv of SO2 independently on the current density. A durability test at a constant polarization of

0.5

A

c
m

−
2

showed a voltage ‘runaway’ behavior during successive exposures to 1 ppmv and 2 ppmv of SO2. This behavior originated from a drastic increase of the serial resistance, which almost completely recovered when the SO2 supply was cut. This behavior was not observed during exposure to 0.5 ppmv of SO2, suggesting that, in these test conditions, the voltage ‘runaway’ behavior could be avoided at a sub-ppmv level. Successive exposure-recovery cycles were found to weaken the SOEC tolerance to SO2 and a low frequency pseudo-inductive arc was observed in the impedance response during and after the second exposure to SO2.
Associations of Maternal Early-Pregnancy Glucose Concentrations With Placental Hemodynamics, Blood Pressure, and Gestational Hypertensive Disorders
Authors: Erkamp Jan S , Geurtsen Madelon L , Duijts Liesbeth , Reiss Irwin K M , Mulders Annemarie G M G J , Steegers Eric A P , Gaillard Romy , Jaddoe Vincent W V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risks of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. We hypothesized that high maternal glucose concentrations in early pregnancy are associated with adverse placental adaptations and subsequently altered uteroplacental hemodynamics during pregnancy, predisposing to an increased risk of gestational hypertensive disorders.

METHODS
In a population-based prospective cohort study from early pregnancy onwards, among 6,078 pregnant women, maternal early-pregnancy non-fasting glucose concentrations were measured. Mid and late pregnancy uterine and umbilical artery resistance indices were assessed by Doppler ultrasound. Maternal blood pressure was measured in early, mid, and late pregnancy and the occurrence of gestational hypertensive disorders was assessed using hospital registries.

RESULTS
Maternal early-pregnancy glucose concentrations were not associated with mid or late pregnancy placental hemodynamic markers. A 1 mmol/l increase in maternal early-pregnancy glucose concentrations was associated with 0.71 mm Hg (95% confidence interval 0.22–1.22) and 0.48 mm Hg (95% confidence interval 0.10–0.86) higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure in early pregnancy, respectively, but not with blood pressure in later pregnancy. Also, maternal glucose concentrations were not associated with the risks of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia.

CONCLUSIONS
Maternal early-pregnancy non-fasting glucose concentrations within the normal range are associated with blood pressure in early pregnancy, but do not seem to affect placental hemodynamics and the risks of gestational hypertensive disorders.
Optimization of lead compounds into on-demand, nonhormonal contraceptives: leveraging a public–private drug discovery institute collaboration†
Authors: Balbach Melanie , Fushimi Makoto , Huggins David J , Steegborn Clemens , Meinke Peter T , Levin Lonny R , Buck Jochen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEfforts to develop new male or female nonhormonal, orally available contraceptives assume that to be effective and safe, targets must be (1) essential for fertility; (2) amenable to targeting by small-molecule inhibitors; and (3) restricted to the germline. In this perspective, we question the third assumption and propose that despite its wide expression, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC: ADCY10), which is essential for male fertility, is a valid target. We hypothesize that an acute-acting sAC inhibitor may provide orally available, on-demand, nonhormonal contraception for men without adverse, mechanism-based effects. To test this concept, we describe a collaboration between academia and the unique capabilities of a public-private drug discovery institute.
Determination of Gemcitabine in Plasma of Bladder Cancer Patients by Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection
Authors: Wang Meng , Hiraki Ryoichi , Nakamura Norihiro , Hayama Tadashi , Yasuda Takuji , Miyata Yasuyoshi , Sakai Hideki , Nakashima Mihoko N , Nakashima Mikiro , Ohyama Kaname 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine analog that has been used for a broad spectrum of tumor, such as nonsmall-cell lung cancer, bladder cancer and pancreatic cancer. Because gemcitabine is hydrophilic, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), where analytes are retained on a polar column according to their hydrophilicity, should be adequate for separation analysis of gemcitabine. In the present study, we proposed a hydrophilic interaction chromatography with ultraviolet (HILIC-UV) method with liquid–liquid extraction and adding tetrahydrouridine to plasma samples for gemcitabine analysis of clinical samples with respect to daily and wide usage. The method successfully determined gemcitabine in 56 plasma samples of 30 unique patients. Mean plasma concentration of gemcitabine was 15.0 ± 6.0 μg/mL (mean ± standard deviation). The concentration range is consistent with the data from previous literatures. Our proposed HILIC-UV method is simple and easy handling, and is widely and clinically usable for determination of gemcitabine in human plasma.
Circulating plasma concentrations of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in men and women with heart failure and effects of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors
Authors: Sama Iziah E , Ravera Alice , Santema Bernadet T , van Goor Harry , ter Maaten Jozine M , Cleland John G F , Rienstra Michiel , Friedrich Alex W , Samani Nilesh J , Ng Leong L , Dickstein Kenneth , Lang Chim C , Filippatos Gerasimos , Anker Stefan D , Ponikowski Piotr , Metra Marco , van Veldhuisen Dirk J , Voors Adriaan A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
The current pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infects a wide age group but predominantly elderly individuals, especially men and those with cardiovascular disease. Recent reports suggest an association with use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a functional receptor for coronaviruses. Higher ACE2 concentrations might lead to increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 in patients on RAAS inhibitors.

Methods and results
We measured ACE2 concentrations in 1485 men and 537 women with heart failure (index cohort). Results were validated in 1123 men and 575 women (validation cohort).
The median age was 69 years for men and 75 years for women. The strongest predictor of elevated concentrations of ACE2 in both cohorts was male sex (estimate = 0.26, P &lt; 0.001; and 0.19, P &lt; 0.001, respectively). In the index cohort, use of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) was not an independent predictor of plasma ACE2. In the validation cohort, ACE inhibitor (estimate = –0.17, P = 0.002) and ARB use (estimate = –0.15, P = 0.03) were independent predictors of lower plasma ACE2, while use of an MRA (estimate = 0.11, P = 0.04) was an independent predictor of higher plasma ACE2 concentrations.

Conclusion
In two independent cohorts of patients with heart failure, plasma concentrations of ACE2 were higher in men than in women, but use of neither an ACE inhibitor nor an ARB was associated with higher plasma ACE2 concentrations. These data might explain the higher incidence and fatality rate of COVID-19 in men, but do not support previous reports suggesting that ACE inhibitors or ARBs increase the vulnerability for COVID-19 through increased plasma ACE2 concentrations.
Association of depression and anxiety with adherence in primary care patients with heart failure—cross-sectional results of the observational RECODE-HF cohort study
Authors: Eisele Marion , Harder Malte , Rakebrandt Anja , Boczor Sigrid , Marx Gabriella , Blozik Eva , Träder Jens-Martin , Störk Stefan , Herrmann-Lingen Christoph , Scherer Martin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Psychological distress has a negative impact on the prognosis and quality of life for patients with heart failure. We investigated the association between psychological distress and the patients’ adherence to medical treatment (medication adherence) and self-care advice (lifestyle adherence) in heart failure. We further examined whether there are different factors associated with low medication compared to low lifestyle adherence.

Method
This secondary analysis of the RECODE-HF cohort study analyzed baseline data of 3099 primary care heart failure patients aged 74 ± 10 years, 44.5 % female. Using multivariable regression, factors relating to medication and lifestyle adherence were investigated in order to estimate the extent to which these factors confound the association between psychological distress and adherence.

Results
Psychological distress was significantly associated with poorer medication adherence but not with lifestyle adherence after controlling for confounders. We identified different factors associated with medication compared to lifestyle adherence. A higher body mass index, a less developed social network, living alone, fewer chronic co-morbidities and unawareness of the heart failure diagnosis were only related to lower lifestyle adherence. Higher education was associated with poorer medication adherence. Male sex, younger age, lower self-efficacy and less familiar relation with the general practitioner were common factors associated with both lower medication and lifestyle adherence.

Conclusion
Promising factors for increasing medication adherence (reduction of psychological distress) and lifestyle adherence (explaining the patient his/her heart failure diagnosis more than once and increase in the patients’ self-efficacy), which were found in this cross-sectional study, must be further investigated in longitudinal studies.
Biodiversity and dairy traits of lactic acid bacteria from foliage of aromatic plants before and after dehydration process monitored by a smart sensors system
Authors: Gaglio Raimondo , Catania Pietro , Orlando Santo , Vallone Mariangela , Moschetti Giancarlo , Settanni Luca 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The main hypothesis of this work was to evaluate the presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) intrinsically resistant to plant essential oils in sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and laurel (Laurus nobilis), for future applications in functional cheese production by addition of aromatic herbs. The effect of the drying process on the viability of LAB was evaluated with three biomass densities (3, 4 and 5 kg/m2). The drying densities did not affect weight loss, but influenced the levels of LAB of sage and laurel. A total of 10 different strains of Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus raffinosus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides were identified from laurel, while sage did not host any LAB species. In particular, L. mesenteroides was the only species sensitive to the heat treatment. Only five strains, all enterococci, were resistant to at least one antibiotic, even though no strain showed gelatinase or haemolytic activity. The investigation on the technological traits useful in cheese making demonstrated that all LAB can be considered non starter LAB, because they were characterized by a slow acidification capacity (the pH was still above 6.00 after 3 d) and a very limited autolysis (the maximum decrease of the optical density at 599 nm was barely 0.2).
Microbiome-Based Biomarkers for IBD
Authors: Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are complex immune-mediated diseases that are characterized by a heterogeneity in presentation and clinical course. Although various clinical covariates predict adverse outcomes in these patients, they are insufficiently informative. The gut microbiome likely plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Consequently, microbiome-based biomarkers may play an important role in risk stratification and disease prediction. Initial cross-sectional studies showed a reduced gut microbial diversity in patients with Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis, a depletion of phyla with anti-inflammatory effects such as those belonging to Firmicutes, and an increased abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria in specific disease phenotypes. Subsequent studies longitudinally tracking microbial changes and clinical outcomes have shown dynamic changes correlating with or predictive of disease activity and resistance to therapy. The development of multicenter cohorts using harmonized protocols is essential to robustly validate these biomarkers and facilitate the integration of their evaluation into clinical practice.
Nonlinear interactions of nearly non-dispersive equatorial shallow-water waves
Authors: Wang Mian , Wang Zhan , Hajduk Hennes 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper is concerned with nonlinear interactions of fundamental equatorial modes. In order to understand the mechanism of large-scale atmospheric motions in the near equator regime—especially the observed wavenumber-frequency spectrum—we develop novel models describing interactions among Kelvin, Yanai and Poincaré waves. Based on the methods of multiple scales and Galerkin projection, the primitive equations can be simplified to model equations which reduce the complexity and cost of computation significantly. Subsequently, the detailed numerical results indicate that wave interactions between the aforementioned modes in the non-dispersive regime depends on initial amplitude and relative phase and that the eastward Yanai wave can be generated from the second Poincaré mode. We also compare the simplified models to an advanced finite element approximation for the primitive equations. The fact that results of the latter are in good agreement, at least qualitatively, with those of the simplified models, indicates that reduced models capture most of the wave interaction mechanisms in the nearly non-dispersive regime.
When, Who, and How to Sample: Designing Practical Surveillance for 7 Neglected Tropical Diseases as We Approach Elimination
Authors: Toor Jaspreet , Coffeng Luc E , Hamley Jonathan I D , Fronterre Claudio , Prada Joaquin M , Castaño M Soledad , Davis Emma L , Godwin William , Vasconcelos Andreia , Medley Graham F , Hollingsworth T Déirdre 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
As neglected tropical disease programs look to consolidate the successes of moving towards elimination, we need to understand the dynamics of transmission at low prevalence to inform surveillance strategies for detecting elimination and resurgence. In this special collection, modelling insights are used to highlight drivers of local elimination, evaluate strategies for detecting resurgence, and show the importance of rational spatial sampling schemes for several neglected tropical diseases (specifically schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminths, lymphatic filariasis, trachoma, onchocerciasis, visceral leishmaniasis, and gambiense sleeping sickness).
The origin, fate and function of macrophages in the peripheral nervous system—an update
Authors: Amann Lukas , Prinz Marco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe field of macrophage biology has made enormous progress over recent years. This was triggered by the advent of several new techniques such as the establishment of Cre/loxP-based transgenic mouse models that allowed for the first time delineation of the ontogeny and function of specific macrophage populations across many tissues. In addition, the introduction of new high-throughput technologies like bulk RNA sequencing and later single-cell RNA sequencing as well as advances in epigenetic analysis have helped to establish gene expression profiles, enhancer landscapes and local signaling cues that define and shape the identity of diverse macrophage populations. Nonetheless, some macrophage populations, like the ones residing in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), have not been studied in such detail yet. Here, we discuss recent studies that shed new light on the ontogeny, heterogeneity and gene expression profiles of resident macrophages in peripheral nerves and described differential activation of macrophage subsets during and after acute sciatic nerve injury.
In vitro interaction of isavuconazole and anidulafungin against azole-susceptible and azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus isolates
Authors: Buil J B , Brüggemann R J M , Bedin Denardi L , Melchers W J G , Verweij P E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
The voriconazole and echinocandin combination has been found to be synergistic in vitro and in vivo against most Aspergillus fumigatus isolates, both with a WT azole phenotype and an azole-resistant phenotype. The interaction between isavuconazole and echinocandins is less well studied. This is especially true for azole-resistant isolates.

Objectives
We investigated the in vitro interaction between isavuconazole and anidulafungin for 30 A. fumigatus isolates including 18 azole-resistant isolates with various isavuconazole resistance phenotypes.

Methods
The isavuconazole/anidulafungin interaction was studied by using an adapted EUCAST-based 2D (12 × 8) chequerboard broth microdilution colorimetric assay using XTT. The interaction was analysed by FIC index (FICi) analysis and Bliss independence (BI) interaction analysis.

Results
Both the FICi analysis and the BI analysis showed synergistic interaction between isavuconazole and anidulafungin for the majority of WT and azole-resistant isolates. As we did not see significant beneficial effects of combination therapy in TR46/Y121F/T289A isolates at clinically achievable drug concentrations, it is unlikely that TR46/Y121F/T289A infections would benefit from isavuconazole and anidulafungin combination therapy.

Conclusions
In regions with high azole resistance rates this combination may benefit patients with WT disease, azole-resistant invasive aspergillosis and those with mixed azole-susceptible and azole-resistant infection, but may not be beneficial for aspergillosis due to isolates with high isavuconazole resistance, such as TR46/Y121F/T289A isolates.