bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR BABYLON PARK
Authors: & Jasim Al-Bawi 
Published: June 2020

Attention Recently directed to the importance of urban parks and gardens, being one of the basic and essential components to develop quality of urban life. The evaluation of design characteristics of the historical landscape parks from different aspects, one of the most important goals aspires landscape designer to be studied within the master plan of the city. The search adopted field survey methodology and observation, description within limits of current study. Babylon park using the camera and recording videos, in order to embody the components and elements of the overall site, using aerial maps of park site to sketching the sites accurately ,taking into consideration relationship of study area to neighboring areas. Evaluation process of Babylon Tourist Park included four main stages the obtain information,analysis characteristic features, determine the importance and integrity of the site), were also distributed evaluation form on a sample of experience in the planning,design and plants persons responsible for the management and maintenance of the park. After Data were processed using Microsoft office excel 2010. To find duplicates and percentages for evaluators answers. The results for the evaluation for the artificial components (the main gate,the main buildings,the roads and the lanes) were appropriate for the site ,mean while the car park was unsuitable in terms of design aesthetic and functionality regarding the natural components. The effectiveness of the observation of nature got the highest evaluation, followed by recreational travel and the and finally holding concerts and confirmed the importance of evaluating the results of the park and all the interlocutor where you got the utmost preference as a public garden combines with view of natural and historical properties. Vegetation has been characterized by large trees with great differences in the kind and tissue of the tree , while the shrubs was a great contrast to the average in terms of forms and spun.It turns out that Babylon tourist park is one of the most important natural parks - historical, which is located in the city of Hilla, center, and increasingly important compared with the gardens of other city because it is one of the elements of the powerful attractions of the city culturally and historically as a result of his involvement in important historical events as well as it relates to environmental and natural monuments.
INFLUENCE OF WHEY FOLIAR SPRAYING AND GROWING POINT PINCHING ON GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERES OF OKRA
Authors: & Muhammed Abed AL-Hussain 
Published: June 2020

An experiment was carried out in the fields that belong to agiriculture college /Baghdad university (AL-Jadyria) according to randomized compeleted blocks design(R.C.B.D.) with three replications during the spring season of 2015 to Study impact of growing point pinching and foliar spraying of whey on some traits of vegetative growth and yield of okra(Abelmoschus esculentus L.Moench) AL-Batra local cultivar.The experiment was included six treatments which was pinching or no pinching of growthing point and foliar spraying of whey with three concentration (0%,50%and75%).The results showed that pinching was siginificant in all traits of vegetative growth except plant High where the highest values of branches number , diameter of stem and leafes numbers which were(1.911 branch/plant , 3.45 cm/plant ,84.0 leaf/plant) respectively while there was not significant differences in foliar spraying of whey in all traits except plant high which was(163.6 cm/plant)with 75%. The interaction between pinching and foliar spraying of whey with(75%)was significant to plant high and branches number which were (167.0 cm/plant and 2.133 branch/plant) respectively and the interaction between pinching and comparison treatment of whey(0%) was significant to diameter of stem and leafes number which were (3.67 cm/plant and 88.80 leaf/plant) respectively. The results point out that pinching treatments were not significant in all traits of yield while whey fliar spraying with(50%) was significant to fruit weight average and yield per plant which were (2.76 gm/plant and 0.2103 kg/plant) respectively. The interaction between pinching and comparison treatment of whey(0%) was significant to fruits number per plant which was(82.7 fruit/plant) and interaction between pinching and foliar spraying of whey with(50%) was significant to fruit weight average and yield per plant which were(2.92 gm/fruit and 0.228 kg/plant) respectively.
EFFECT OF EXTRACTION OF SHEEP MANURE WITH WARM WATER ON THE GROWTH AND NUTRIENTS CONTENT OF TOMATO PLANTS UNDER CULTIVATION OF PLASTIC HOUSES
Authors: & Al-Sulaimawi Al-A'amry 
Published: June 2020

An experiment was conducted under greenhouse condition at a farm located in AlImary district east of Baghdad to study the effect of sheep manure water extract on the growth of tomato plants var. Wijdan during the season of 2014-2015.The experiment was consisted of 14 treatments which included of sheep manure with hot (42ْC) and lmbient (20ْC) Water temperature applied either by foliar at 25% and 50% concentration or directly to the soil at 50% and 100% concentration splited to 7 applications control treatments either distilled water as foliar and recommended chemical fertilizers (applied to soil). The experiment was designed according to the random complete block statistical design (RCBD) with three replications Results showed that the chemical treatment and the treatment of hot water extracted significantly when compared with the cold counterpart especially the treatment of hot water extract sheep manure sprayed at 50% and soil applied at 100% concentration in plant height, leaf number, leaf area , plant dry weight and total chlorophyll. In addition, the chemical treatment and the treatment of hot water foliar applied at 50% and soil applied at 100% concentration significantly increased concentration of N ,P and K in leaf tissue while hot extract gave the highest Ca and Mg concentration in leaf tissue.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF DIFFEREN LEVEL OF SOIL SALINITY ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF WHEAT CROP IN WASIT PROVINCE
Authors: & Farhan Nassir 
Published: June 2020

The study sample included 590 farmers in Wasit province, has been taking samples of soils that the first two levels of the samples 0-15 cm, and second 15-30 cm, from different agricultural people in the province, was the level of salinity of the soil analysis, in the laboratories of the Faculty of agricultural techniques / Musayyib, SPSS software to analyze the function and use the influence of the level of soil salinity on the productivity of wheat crop, and traversed by testing the function of class I and II, and turned out to be an inverse relationship which determine the level of critical soil salinity b 12.13 Desiminz / m, a level which even then the average revenue dunum with average costs, also identified the level of salinity of the soil, which then become the productivity of the crop is equal to zero when the function 18.163 ds m-1. The study recommended that the Department of Agriculture is committed to non-introduction of land that soil salinity level higher than 12 ds m-1 within the agricultural plan for the province of Wasit, because that is a waste of economic resources. The study also recommended the need to draw a map of the levels of land salinity in general to determine the crop structure that is appropriate different levels of salinity, and recommended the encouragement of farmers who are their lands with high levels of soil salinity on other crops more tolerant to salinity, such as barley, alfalfa and clover, and others.
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SALIVARY AMYLASE INHIBITOR EXTRACTED FROM BARLEY
Authors: & Hakeem Abood 
Published: June 2020

Amylase inhibitors were purified by many sequential steps included concentration by gradual addition of ammonium sulfate at saturation ratios. ranged from 0 to 90% . The best ratio of saturation was found to be 70% as the specific activity and inhibition activity toward Human alpha-amylase(HAS) were the highest ( 8 U/mg and 6 U/ml respectively as compared to those of the rest ratios, the ratio of saturation with ammonium sulfate 60 % and then 50%, (5.8 ,5.5 )U/ml and( 7.7 ،7 )U/mg respectively for inhibition activity and specific activity and for 40% ,30%20% saturation the inhibition activity and specific activity were(5 ،4.8 ،4 ) u/ml (6.6 ،6 ،5.8) u/mg respectively .The precepitation step was followed by ionic exchange chromatography technique by DEAE-cellulose column( 3×11 )cm and the results showed that there was one peak with inhibition activity toward (HAS). Further purification steps were conducted using gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 column (1.5 × 60)cm; the purification folds was5.59 times with outcome of 46.5%.The results of alpha-amylase inhibitors characterization showed that the molecular weight was about 23.44 and 22.9 kDa as determined by electrophoresis and gel filteration respectively.
EFFECT OF SOME SOIL PROPERTIES ON IRON SORPTION
Authors: & et al. Jar Allah 
Published: June 2020

Laboratory experiment was carried out in order to study the adsorption of Fe as FeEDDHA as related to some soil properties in six calcareous soils from the middle of Iraq. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations were used for describing Fe adsorption. The best equation was chosen according to highest value of r, r2 and t and least value of Standard error of estimate. The results showed that Freunglich equation was more efficient for describing Fe sorption compared with other physicochemical equations used, depending on highest values of, r (0.985), r2 (0.970) and t ( 20.01) and lower standard error SE.e (0.186). Maximum adsorption capacity in tested soils were 415.2, 393.7, 353.7, 344.2, 318.4 and 306.0 µg Fe g-1soil while the binding strength were 0.059, 0.046, 0.059, 0.051, 0.059 and 0.064 ml Fe µg-1 for Balad, Al-Khalis, Al-Raaid, Al-Wehda, Al-Mussayib and Al-Rashidaaa. 59.2% of the applied Fe was sorbed on soil while 40.8% remained soluble in soil solution. Freunglich adsorption constants (lnKf and 1/n) significantly correlated with Langmuir maximum adsorption (b) and binding strength (K). Also, the maximum adsorptive capacity (b) of Langmuir models statistically related to soil properties (EC, total and active carbonate and plant available Fe). It can be concluded from this study that Freunglich and Langmuir equations were more suitable for describing Fe adsorption in all tested soils. Tested soils sorbed Fe according to the following arrangement: Balad > Al-Khalis > Al-Raaid > Al-Wehda > Al-Mussayib > Al-Rashidaa.
THE FFECT OF IRRIGATION LEVELS ON SOME VEGETATIVE GROWTH PARAMETERS AND YIELD OF RICE UNDER DRY FARMING SYSTEM
Authors: & Salem Hadi 
Published: June 2020

A field trial was carried out at the Rice Research Station in Mushkhab ( Najaf/ south of Iraq)State Broad for Agricultural Researches, during the Summer of 2013 in Clay Loam soil. The experiment was laid in split plot with two replications, to test the drought tolerance of different local and foreign varieties of rice .Rice varieties used were 6 varieties of aerobic rice from the International Rice Research Institute(IRRI) and local cultivars Anber33 and Jasmine. Two methods of irrigation ,flood irrigation, and 6 irrigation levels at "-10,-33,-50,-100 KPa" were used in this investigation .Studied parameters were: plant height ,spike length, flag leaf area, % of infertility , weight of 1000 grains and grain yield. Results indicated that varieties and irrigation treatments and their interaction had no significant differences on % of infertility and plant height .Varieties had significant effect on grain yield while irrigation treatment effected significantly on weight of 1000 grains. Interaction between varieties and irrigation had no significant effect on % of infertility , weight of 1000 grains and grain yield. Besides, irrigation treatments and varieties and their interaction had no significant effect on deltoid length.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOME SOIL PROPERTIES AND WHEAT AND BARLEY PRODUCTIVITY IN ALLUVIAL SOIL AT WASET GOVORNORATE
Authors: & Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to show the relationship between some soil properties and land productivity from wheat and barely crops. The study area located in Al-Muwafaqia – Waset Govornorate / central of Iraq. General soil data were collected from previous soil survey work done in 1992 ,and new soil samples from the same profile location were collected to determine some soil properties . The actual land productivity from Wheat and Barely crops were collected from the same selected sites . The results indicate some variations in land productivity for the selected crops and wheat productivity was higher than barely productions. Wheat productivity was ranged from 2000 to 2350 kg.ha-1 with mean of 2118.75 Kg.ha-1, while barely productivity ranged from 2000 to 2350 kg.ha-1 with mean of 20187.5 kg.ha-1. All soil properties show a positive and significant correlation with crops productivity except soil salinity which shows a negative correlation. Soil salinity considered as the most limiting factor for crops production as well as bad land management practices and the impact of the socioeconomic condition.
RESPONS OF BREAD WHEAT YIELD AND IT,S COMPONENTS TO BORON AND VITAMIN C FOLIAR APPLIED
Authors: & Zeboon Al-Hilfy 
Published: June 2020

Field experiment was conducted during 2010 – 2011 and 2011 – 2012 winter seasons at the Experimental Farm, Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture University of Baghdad. RCBD design with four replications were used to study the effect of Boron and vitamin C foliar applied on yield and some it,s components of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. cv. Abu – Ghraib-3. The experiment involved two factors ,the first was boron foliar in five concentrations 0,100, 200, 300, 400 mg L-1 the second was vitamin C foliar applied in five concentrations 0,1,2,3,4, gmL-1 at booting stage. Results of the experiment showed :300 mg B L-1 was superior in grain yield 6.726,6.771 Mg ha-1) for both seasons and some yield components ( spike number for the second season 574.9 spike m-2 , fertility 97.27% 97.34% and number of grain 66.39 , 65,22 grain spik-1 ) for both seasons . Foliar of Vitamin C with 4 gm L-1 was significantly affected grain yield (6.820 , 6.879 Mg ha-1 ) for both seasons respectively . Foliar of Vitamin C with 4 gm L-1 was significantly affected on grain yield and some it,s components (6.820 , 6.878 Mg ha-1 ) as compared to control which gave (4.882 ,4.906 Mg ha-1) for both seasons, respectively .The interaction between two factors was significant in some characters ( number of spike and grain yield ).
EXTENSION AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION FOR BEE KEEPERS TO DEVELOP AND INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF IRAQ
Authors: & AL – Bedrey AL- Kafage 
Published: June 2020

The research aimed to identify the level of bee keepers innovation to develop and increase productivity in the central region of Iraq , In order to achieve the goals of research a questionnaire consisted of two parts, designed the first part included a bilateral scale to measure the level of beekeepers innovations, consists of ( 46 ) paragraphs Distributed on five fields (bee keeping , the area to take advantage of the bees in environment, the detection of diseases and pests ,the treating diseases and pest control , the field of honey products and peripherals manufacturing ), The second part included a barometer quadrilateral to measure the reasons consists of ( 34 ) paragraphs Distributed on four pivots (environmental causes , extension, economic , social). The research community a random sample ( 38%)of the which is (Baghdad, Babil, Najaf) a random sample (15%) of the total number of beekeepers totaling (1098) breeders in the provinces covered by the research, to be the size of the sample (165) educator for the bees . The results showed that bee keepers suffer from weak innovation levels, as the highest rate is (66.7%) of the beekeepers within the level of innovation (0-15) and an average of (11.12) degree and a standard deviation (7.53) degrees . The results showed that the causes that lead bee keepers to innovation is (social causes) came first in the level of importance as it reached the level of significance (2.38) degrees while last (extension causes) and the level of significance (1.93) degrees Researcher recommends the necessity of providing the requirements and production equipment for beekeeping encouraging high international standard prices in order to promote the level of innovation to beekeepers in central region of Iraq and should be concerted efforts by government agencies and of devices guidance, research and beekeepers.
DISTINGUISH AMONG SOME SELECTIVE WATERMELONS BY USING ISSR TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Elias M. S. 
Published: June 2020

This experiment conducted Using 12 primers related to ISSR technology in distinguishing among the 21 selective back to the three variety of watermelon they are each of the selective Crimson Sweet which code to W1, W2, W3 and W4 and the variety Sugar Baby which coded to SH1 ,SH2 ,SH3 ,SH4 ,SH5,SH6 and SH7 and the variety Charleston Gray which is coded to G1 ,G2,G3 ,G4 ,G5 ,G6 ,G7 ,G8, G9 and G10 . The results showed that the primers used gave 89 total bands were all of the polymorphism was 100%. Found that the primers 810, 840 and 864 were high ability of the way to give it the highest numbers of bands while the primers 808 and 834 of the ability of the few by giving them fewer bands. 9 primers able to give distinct bands for some selective, which distinguishes them from the rest of the other primers. The results showed that the principles component analysis ( PCA) for the variety Crimson Sweet correlation the selective W1 and W2 while W3 not correlation with W4 or with each other, and correlation SH1 , SH3 and SH6 with each other apart from the SH4 , SH7 , SH2 and SH5 in the variety Sugar Baby as to the selective of Charleston Gray has divided into two groups, the first group included five selective G7 , G5 ,G6, G4 and G8 apart from the second group, which included five selective G1 , G2 , G3 , G9 and G10. . And it found that the high genetic distance between the two varieties Charleston Gray and Sugar Baby. Therefore the primers ISSR showed that the variance between the communities by variance of arrangement of nucleotide. It can be concluded the possibility of the use of biotechnology in breeding programs.
EXTENSION PROGRAMS PLANNING UNDER COMPREHENSIVE QUALITY STANDARDS IN SOME MIDDLE PROVINCES OF IRAQ
Authors: & Naji Al-zaidy 
Published: June 2020

The research aimed to determine the overall quality standards through literature and specialists and overall quality experts , and to identifying the applied level by managers in some provinces of the central region . In order to achieve the objectives of the research , the researcher developed five scale ranging from grades ' ( 0-4 ) degree for the purpose of identifying the level of application of total quality standards for program planning by managers in the provinces of the central region , included (73) items distributed on (10) axes and ( 4) field (inputs , processes , outputs , feedback ) . The research was conducted on a random sample of 50% of Iraqi middle provinces ( Baghdad , Karblaa , Najaf , Wasit ) . A random sample about 39% of the agricultural divisions of these provinces of 20 agricultural divisions were chosen . The sample of respondents was 96 , 7 of them ( general manager , two assistants of the general manager and heads of the technical departments) were in department of agricultural extension and training , 15 of them ( the managers of agricultural directorates and the heads of agricultural extension and Heads of departments of planning in those offices) , 60 of them person ( heads of agricultural divisions and the officials of the units of agricultural extension and planning ), 4 of them ( managers of extensional training centers ) 10 of them of extension farms officials in the chosen research provinces . Results have showed that the level of application of total quality standards for planning and agricultural extension programs by managers in some provinces of the central region , by (50% ) The researcher recommende the adoption of the search results by the Ministry of Agriculture/ Planning Department to improve the agricultural extension programs planning process : Also the researcher recommended the need to review budgets and financial measures to ensure the provision of the necessary work indicative items on time , and its importance that the extension organization has independent operational budget on all levels , and to be distributed to the terms and aspects of exchange of field activities.
THE VALUE CHAIN OF FISH FOR FLOATING CAGES AND POND TECHNIQUES IN BAGHDAD PROVINCE
Authors: & et al. AL- Flujy 
Published: June 2020

The fish sector is considered an important component of the economies of many countries in the world including Arab countries . This work is considered as the first attempt to study value chain for fish in Iraq. The objective of this study is to identify the main problems and constraints facing different channels or links the value chain of fish, and to analyse revenue, production costs, and to calculate some quantitative indicators like value added . The results showed that average value added of the different links are amount: 22.13dinars/kg, 1007.7 dinar/kg, 242.9 dinar/kg and 1023.5 dinars/kg from each links hatcheries, producers, wholesalers and retailers , the results also showed that the share of different links from value chain for average value additionrs as follows : 0.96% for hatcheries link , 43.8% for producer link , 10.6% for wholesalers link and 44.6% for retailers link. While cages producers added 68.5% from average value added it is amount 2796. 9 dinar/ kg on level techniques of floating cages . The study also identifis the main challenges and problems facing each link in chain value and forward the suitable solution and recommendation for government Authorities and private sector in order to increase the efficiency of fish in Iraq .
THE VALUE CHAIN OF FISH TECHNIQUES OF FLOATING CAGES AND PONDS IN DEUANYA PROVINCE
Authors: & et al. AL- FLUJy 
Published: June 2020

The fish sector is considered an important component of the economies of many countries in the world including Arab countries. It is also considered an important component of food security. This work is considered as the first attempt to study value chain for fish in Iraq. The objective of this study is to identify the main problems and constrains facing different links in the value chain of fish, and to analyse revenue, production costs, and to calculate some quantitative indicators like value added. The results showed that average value added of the different links is amount to: 22.2dinars/kg , 2012.7 dinar/kg, 109.3 dinar/kg, 872.3 dinars/kg from each links hatcheries, producers, wholesalers and retailers. The results also showed that the share of different links from value chain for average total value additionrs as follows: 0.73% for hatcheries link, 66.7% for producer link , 3.6% for wholesalers link, and 28.9% for retailers link. While cages producers added 65.5% from average value added it is amount to 2912. 7 dinar/ kg; on the level techniques cages floating. The study also identifis the main challenges and problems facing each link in chain value and forward the suitable solution and recommendation for government authorities and private sector in order to increase the efficiency of fish in Iraq.