bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting those experiencing food insecurity: A scoping review of the role of a dietitian
Authors: Kundra Aashna , Batool Hiba , Moore Sally G. , Aslett‐Bentley Avril , Noonan‐Gunning Sharon , Rice Isabel , Smith Jo , Marino Luise V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing levels of food insecurity in the United Kingdom (UK) suggest an imperative to consider the role of dietitians in supporting people who may have insufficient access to safe and nutritious food.ObjectiveTo explore the available evidence on the (i) role of a dietitian, (ii) impact of support and (iii) training needs of dietitians to support those with inadequate access to food.Methods and DesignScoping review methodology was used to identify qualitative, quantitative and grey literature on the role of dietitians in supporting those with/or at risk of food insecurity. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) was used to report the evidence reviewed for this study. Methods included multiple literature searches, charting of data extracted, and content analysis. The data of interest included the country of study, study methodology, the population of interest, the role of a dietitian, the measures, tools or guidance used and a summary of key findings.ResultsIn total, 466 studies were identified, following the removal of duplicate records, 243 records were screened for inclusion; the full text of 95 articles was reviewed for eligibility, and 19 were included in the review. Articles were summarised descriptively using tables and synthesised to identify emerging themes. Overarching themes of dietitians' role included, (i) identification and screening of food insecurity, (ii) facilitating community interventions and (iii) policy development.ConclusionsDietitians hold a range of roles to support people at risk of or experiencing food insecurity. However, there are considerable gaps in current training programmes, and a paucity of evidence describing the impact dietitians have on improving nutrition outcomes for those individuals at risk of or experiencing food insecurity.
Monitoring conformational changes in the human neurotransmitter transporter homologue LeuT with 19F‐NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Daminato Alberto , Loland Claus J. , Cabrita Eurico J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNeurotransmitter:sodium symporters (NSS) reuptake neurotransmitter molecules from the synaptic space through Na+‐coupled transport. They are thought to work via the alternating access mechanism, exploring multiple configurations dictated by the binding of substrates and ions. Much of the current knowledge about these transporters has been derived from examining the structure of the Leucine Transporter (LeuT), a bacterial counterpart to human NSSs. Multiple crystal structures of LeuT provided valuable information regarding the steps involved in this mechanism. Dynamical data connecting the crystal structure to the transport cycle are critical to understanding how ligands are translated through the membrane. In the present study, we applied 19F‐based nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to 19F labelled LeuT to monitor how substrates and ions binding affect the conformations of the transporter. By selecting mutations and ligands known to affect the conformational equilibrium of LeuT, we identified and assigned four NMR resonances to specific conformational states of LeuT. We observe that Na+ ions produce closure of the extracellular vestibule to a state similarly induced by Na+ and substrates. Conversely, K+ ions seem to shift the conformational equilibrium toward inward‐facing intermediates, arguably by competing with Na+. The present study assembles a framework for NMR‐based dynamical studies of NSS transporters and demonstrates its feasibility for tackling large membrane LeuT‐fold transporters.image
Management strategy and experience of vasa previa in perinatal centers: A nationwide survey in Japan
Authors: Ogoyama Manabu , Hasegawa Junichi , Saji Shota , Hirono Satsuki , Horie Kenji , Suzuki Hirotada , Takahashi Hironori 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimTo clarify the current situation and outcomes of vasa previa (VP) in Japan.MethodsA questionnaire survey on VP was conducted at all 408 perinatal centers in Japan. The content of the survey included (1) the management strategy for pregnant women who were diagnosed with VP and (2) the number and outcomes of VP cases managed between January 2020 and December 2022.ResultsQuestionnaires were collected from 220 (53.9%: 220/408) perinatal centers. (1) A total of 78.8% (164/208) of facilities implemented routine hospitalization. Routine hospitalization was initiated at 32 (22–36) [median (range)] weeks of gestation. The timing of planned cesarean section (CS) was at 36 (33.5–39) weeks of gestation in 198 facilities. (2) Of the 220 facilities that responded, 109 (49.5%: 109/220) accommodated patients with VP during the observation period. The total number of VP cases was 351, with a frequency of one case (0–33) per single perinatal center for 3 years. Emergency CS was required in 89 cases (25.4%: 89/351). There were no fetal or neonatal deaths in this study. The number of undiagnosed patients with VP prenatally was seven (2.0%: 7/351). Umbilical vessel rupture occurred in two cases (0.6%: 2/351).ConclusionsCurrent management strategies in Japanese perinatal centers that responded to this survey appear to yield good perinatal outcomes in VP. Additional studies and comparisons are needed to elucidate the necessity of routine hospitalization, the optimal duration of hospitalization, and the timing of planned CS.
The three‐dimensionality of the “gummy smile”
Authors: Bockow Rebecca 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe “gummy smile” is a complex developmental issue that requires a three‐dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. This article explores the multifaceted nature of the gummy smile, tracing its origins to early childhood growth patterns and breathing dysfunctions. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the interplay between skeletal development, soft tissue function, and breathing modalities in the formation of craniofacial structures. The article discusses how early mouth breathing and tongue dysfunction can lead to maladaptive skeletal growth, resulting in vertical maxillary excess and other facial imbalances. It highlights the critical role of nasal breathing and proper tongue posture in promoting healthy craniofacial development. Treatment options are presented for both growing children and adults, ranging from preventive measures to surgical interventions. For children, the focus is on early intervention to redirect growth patterns, while for adults, comprehensive treatment may include orthognathic surgery to correct established skeletal discrepancies. By providing an in‐depth analysis of the three‐dimensional aspects of the gummy smile, this article aims to equip interdisciplinary teams with the knowledge needed for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning. It underscores the importance of addressing underlying causes rather than merely treating symptoms, promoting a holistic approach to patient care in aesthetic dentistry.
Longitudinal cytokine profile in severe COVID‐19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A single centre study from Egypt
Authors: Sobh Ali , Elnagdy Marwa H , Mosa Doaa Mosad , Korkor Mai S , Alawfi Abdulsalam D , Alshengeti Amer M , Al‐Mazroea Abdulhadi H , Bafail Rawan , Samman Waad A , El‐Agamy Dina S , Abo‐Haded Hany M 
Published: December 2024

AimThe severity of COVID‐19 is influenced by uncontrolled hyper‐inflammatory response with excessive release of many cytokines and chemokines. The understanding of the temporal change in the cytokine levels that underlies the diverse clinical presentations of COVID‐19 can help in the prediction of the disease outcome and in the design of proper treatment strategies.MethodData were collected from children (<18 years old) hospitalised with severe COVID‐19 or severe MIS‐C who were compared to a group of healthy control children. Patient demographics, clinical, laboratory data and cytokines profiles were evaluated. Blood samples were collected within 24 h of admission for all enrolled children and on Day 14.ResultsTwenty‐five children with severe COVID‐19 and 23 cases with severe MIS‐C were included in the study. The biochemical and inflammatory markers tend to be elevated in MIS‐C group. There was a significant difference between studied cases and the control group in the following cytokines: G‐CSF, IL‐10, HMGB1, TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐8 and INF‐gamma (P < 0.05). While there was a significant difference between severe COVID‐19 and MIS‐C groups in the following cytokines at Day 1 of admission; IL‐10, IL‐6, IL‐8 and INF‐gamma; while at Day 14, there was a significant difference only for G‐CSF, IL‐10 and IL‐6, all other cytokines were comparable.ConclusionOur study underpinned patterns of cytokine response in severe COVID‐19 and MIS‐C. There is a significant upregulation in pro‐inflammatory cytokines (mainly G‐CSF, IL‐10, HMGB1, TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐8 and INF‐gamma). These biomarkers that could imply on the severity rating and treatment strategies, should be preferentially assessed in SARS‐CoV‐2 associated immunological events.
Multimodes of floral disparity versus species diversity in adaptive radiation of Petrocodon (Gesneriaceae) upon Qinghai–Tibet Plateau uplift
Authors: Li Peng‐Wei , Liu Jing , Liu Ming‐Tao , Pan Bo , Dong Yang , Wang Yin‐Zheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdaptive radiation is usually triggered by great in situ or ex situ environmental changes. How an adaptive radiation occurs on lands and how species richness relates to morphodisparity have been a major focus of evolutionary biology. Petrocodon, diversified in the southeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), represents an ideal model to address these questions. To elucidate the dynamics of adaptive radiation of Petrocodon, we took an integrative approach, including phylogenetic, dating, disparity versus diversity, pollination, and gene expression analyses. Petrocodon with six clades has experienced radiation following the QTP uplift. Multiple modes of floral morphodisparity versus species diversity occur in the radiation process that are directly linked to their colonizing new environments and diversification with geographic expansion. Pollination and gene expression analyses suggest that accelerated emergence of de novo mutations might be relevant to the multiplex floral disparity and pollinator shifts in Petrocodon. For the first time in plants, we report that decreased genetic constraints on floral architecture triggered by QTP uplift might have generated abundant floral morphological variants, which were further targeted by selection for ecological divergence. The multiple modes of floral disparity versus species diversity may be attributed to accelerated mutations in colonizing new environments and repeated modifications of the already evolved traits in subsequent diversification and geographic expansion in Petrocodon. Our findings shed novel light on the interplay of ecological, developmental and evolutionary dynamics of disparity versus diversity in relation to trajectory changes of floral architecture in responses to environmental disturbance in a terrestrial plant group.
On Rortian conceptual engineering
Authors: Huang Yuanfan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper explores how contemporary discussions of conceptual engineering can benefit from Richard Rorty's approach by outlining Rortian conceptual engineering. Three perspectives on Rortian conceptual engineering are discussed. First, Rortian conceptual engineering represents a form of radical conceptual engineering that dismisses the role of folk intuitions and views philosophical progress as the replacement of old problems with new ones. More specifically, Rortian conceptual engineering sees conceptual revolution as a process in which new metaphors replace old literal meanings. Second, Rorty's metaphilosophical distinction between epistemological and conversational philosophy is more profound than the distinctions between conceptual analysis and conceptual engineering, or between functional and nonfunctional approaches, thus enhancing our understanding of two types of contemporary conceptual engineering: epistemological and conversational. Third, Rorty argues that choosing concepts should take into account not only the competing concepts but also the conceptual schemes in which these concepts are situated.
The counternarrative in early Pynchon: Race and power in “The Secret Integration”
Authors: Larsson Kristian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe issue of race and power in “The Secret Integration” requires re‐examination. Politically oriented readers have characterized the plot as forms of alignment with racism and segregation, whereas readers focusing on the esthetics and development of the authorship have to some degree recognized the role of the counternarrative in this early short story. What is at stake in the debate is the function of Pynchon's textual strategies of ambiguity and unreliable narration, and the significance of the text in relation to the wider authorship. This essay maintains that the story signals counternarratives to systemic racism and power on the plot, discourse, and thematic level. Pynchon's text not only makes resistance to racist and segregationist worldviews a prominent feature of the discourse and the reading process but also locates tension between openness and narrow‐mindedness among the main characters, at the thematic and plot levels. This essay demonstrates how “The Secret Integration” moves from modes of non‐conformism so prevalent in Pynchon's early short stories to a mode of counterhistory of fundamental importance to the later work.
The Effect of Reminiscence Therapy on the Assessment of Depression, Anxiety and Self‐Esteem in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: An Intervention Study
Authors: Zeleníková Renáta , Hosáková Jiřina , Kozáková Radka , Bobčíková Katka , Bužgová Radka 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundReminiscence therapy (RT) is a widely used approach to promote well‐being among older adults and is an effective intervention method for older adults with diverse health conditions, including community‐dwelling older adults.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to determine the impact of group RT on assessments of depression, anxiety and self‐esteem in older adults living in the community.MethodsWe implemented sessions of group simple RT. The sample consisted of 24 older adults living in the community who attended a 12‐week RT course. The duration of each reminiscence session was 60 min. The average age of the sample was 74.7 years. We used the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, the Rosenberg self‐esteem scale, the Older adults' Quality of Life—Brief version and the Sense of Coherence scale to assess mental health outcomes before and after intervention.ResultsAfter intervention, we observed statistically significant improvements in assessments of depression (p < 0.001), anxiety (p = 0.011), self‐esteem (p = 0.007) and the comprehensibility dimension of the sense of coherence scale (p = 0.039). Depression showed the largest effect size (Cohen's d = 0.870; 95% CI: 0.392 to 1.335), indicating a large effect, followed by self‐esteem (Cohen's d = 0.612; 95% CI: −1.044 to −0.170) and anxiety (Cohen's d = 0.543; 95% CI: 0.108 to 0.967), both of which demonstrated a moderate effect.ConclusionsWe found group RT to be effective for several outcomes among older adults. Reminiscence is a good non‐invasive treatment for the promotion of mental health in community‐dwelling older adults.Implications for PracticeAs research has now established RT to be an essential component of activities for older adults in senior care facilities, we should also offer it to those living in the community as an effective activity for the promotion of healthy aging among older adults.
Short Exposure to Full Moonlight Has a Long‐Term Impact on Brassica juncea Cell Activity and Growth
Authors: Priyanka Govindegowda , Singiri Jeevan R. , Novoplansky Nurit , Grafi Gideon 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLunar farming, often regarded as a myth, is regularly practiced in many places around the world (e.g., India) where framers organized their agricultural activities according to moon phases. Early and recent work showed that exposure to moonlight affects the life cycle of plants, from seed germination and vegetative growth to fruit maturation and dispersal. Here we addressed the long‐term effect of short exposure to full moonlight (FML) on cellular activities in Brassica juncea by analyzing protein and metabolite profiles immediately after 3‐night‐exposure (3NE) or 7 and 15 days after exposure (DAE) to FML. This study shows an increase in nuclear size following 3NE to FML, which was accompanied by changes in protein and metabolite profiles. We identified significant alterations in protein and metabolite profiles between FML and dark‐treated plants in conjunction with developmental stages, which persisted long after exposure to FML. Most notable are the changes in composition of metabolite interconversion enzymes (MIEs) at various developmental stages which were intensified in FML‐treated plants. Changes in MIEs were accompanied by significant alterations in metabolite composition and level, particularly at 15DAE, including branched‐chain amino acids (e.g., valine, leucine), multiple sugars (raffinose, glucose, sucrose) as well as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates malic acid and citric acid. Thus, our results show that short‐term exposure to FML triggers a developmental switch resulting in a long‐term impact on plant performance that brings about an increase in cell activities and consequently enhanced growth. Our results call for meticulous research on this lunar phenomenon and its potential to enhance crop plant growth and development.
From bias to balance: Testing the effect of feedback on ideological bias expression. A registered report
Authors: Ziemer Carolin‐Theresa , Finn Christine , Rothmund Tobias 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMotivated reasoning posits that ideological beliefs and goals bias individuals' information processing particularly regarding socio‐political information. However, most individuals are unaware that ideological bias shapes their perception and judgment making them easy targets for political polarization. This leads to the strong need to address and mitigate this bias. Utilizing an ideological bias task that assesses the degree of expressing one's ideological bias in the estimation of socio‐political facts, we test the effects of feedback on the reduction of ideological bias. With a three between‐factor design (feedback‐only vs. feedback + social norm nudge vs. no feedback control), we test a representative German sample at two time points (Nt1 = 1229, Nt2 = 1001). Participants who received feedback on the extent of their ideological bias displayed a significant bias reduction between t1 and t2 compared to the control group. An additional social norm nudge emphasizing the societal value of unbiased decision‐making did not result in a stronger reduction of ideological bias. Moreover, general bias awareness did not moderate the effect of feedback on bias reduction. Our findings contribute to a growing understanding about the suggestibility of ideological bias and illuminate the (limited) potential of bias awareness in mitigating biased information processing.
Assessing the Impact of Exposure Misclassification in Case–Control Studies of Self‐Reported Medication Use
Authors: Adrien Nedghie , MacLehose Richard F. , Werler Martha M. , Yazdy Mahsa M. , Fox Matthew P. , Parker Samantha E. ,   The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEmpirically evaluating the potential impact of recall bias on observed associations of prenatal medication exposure is crucial.ObjectiveWe sought to assess the effects of exposure misclassification on previous studies of the use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in early pregnancy and increased risk of amniotic band syndrome (ABS).MethodsUsing data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) on births from 1997 to 2011, we included 189 mothers of infants with ABS and 11,829 mothers of infants without congenital anomalies. We identified external studies of medication use during pregnancy to obtain validity parameters for a probabilistic bias analysis to adjust for exposure misclassification. Due to uncertainty about the transportability of these parameters, we conducted multidimensional bias analyses to explore combinations of values on the results.ResultsWhen we assumed higher specificity in cases or higher sensitivity in controls, misclassification‐adjusted estimates suggested confounding‐adjusted estimates were attenuated. However, in a few instances, when we assumed greater sensitivity in the cases than the controls (and Sp ≥ 0.9), the misclassification‐adjusted estimates suggested upward bias in the confounding‐adjusted estimates.ConclusionsResults from our bias analysis highlighted that the magnitude of bias depended on the mechanism and the extent of misclassification. However, the parameters available from the validation studies were not directly applicable to our study. In the absence of reliable validation studies, considering mechanisms of bias and simulation studies to outline combinations of plausible scenarios to better inform conclusions on the effects of these medications on pregnancy outcomes remains important.
Enhancing risk and crisis communication with computational methods: A systematic literature review
Authors: Munro Madison H. , Gore Ross J. , Lynch Christopher J. , Hastings Yvette D. , Reinhold Ann Marie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecent developments in risk and crisis communication (RCC) research combine social science theory and data science tools to construct effective risk messages efficiently. However, current systematic literature reviews (SLRs) on RCC primarily focus on computationally assessing message efficacy as opposed to message efficiency. We conduct an SLR to highlight any current computational methods that improve message construction efficacy and efficiency. We found that most RCC research focuses on using theoretical frameworks and computational methods to analyze or classify message elements that improve efficacy. For improving message efficiency, computational and manual methods are only used in message classification. Specifying the computational methods used in message construction is sparse. We recommend that future RCC research apply computational methods toward improving efficacy and efficiency in message construction. By improving message construction efficacy and efficiency, RCC messaging would quickly warn and better inform affected communities impacted by current hazards. Such messaging has the potential to save as many lives as possible.