bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune modulation by complement receptor 3-dependent human monocyte TGF-β1-transporting vesicles
Authors: Halder Luke D. , Jo Emeraldo A. H. , Hasan Mohammad Z. , Ferreira-Gomes Marta , Krüger Thomas , Westermann Martin , Palme Diana I. , Rambach Günter , Beyersdorf Niklas , Speth Cornelia , Jacobsen Ilse D. , Kniemeyer Olaf , Jungnickel Berit , Zipfel Peter F. , Skerka Christine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExtracellular vesicles have an important function in cellular communication. Here, we show that human and mouse monocytes release TGF-β1-transporting vesicles in response to the pathogenic fungusCandida albicans. Soluble β-glucan fromC. albicansbinds to complement receptor 3 (CR3, also known as CD11b/CD18) on monocytes and induces the release of TGF-β1-transporting vesicles. CR3-dependence is demonstrated using CR3-deficient (CD11b knockout) monocytes generated by CRISPR-CAS9 genome editing and isolated from CR3-deficient (CD11b knockout) mice. These vesicles reduce the pro-inflammatory response in human M1-macrophages as well as in whole blood. Binding of the vesicle-transported TGF-β1 to the TGF-β receptor inhibitsIL1Btranscription via the SMAD7 pathway in whole blood and inducesTGFB1transcription in endothelial cells, which is resolved upon TGF-β1 inhibition. Notably, human complement-opsonized apoptotic bodies induce production of similar TGF-β1-transporting vesicles in monocytes, suggesting that the early immune response might be suppressed through this CR3-dependent anti-inflammatory vesicle pathway.
A male-biased sex-distorter gene drive for the human malaria vector Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Simoni Alekos , Hammond Andrew M. , Beaghton Andrea K. , Galizi Roberto , Taxiarchi Chrysanthi , Kyrou Kyros , Meacci Dario , Gribble Matthew , Morselli Giulia , Burt Austin , Nolan Tony , Crisanti Andrea 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOnly female insects transmit diseases such as malaria, dengue and Zika; therefore, control methods that bias the sex ratio of insect offspring have long been sought. Genetic elements such as sex-chromosome drives can distort sex ratios to produce unisex populations that eventually collapse, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. We report a male-biased sex-distorter gene drive (SDGD) in the human malaria vectorAnopheles gambiae. We induced super-Mendelian inheritance of the X-chromosome-shredding I-PpoI nuclease by coupling this to a CRISPR-based gene drive inserted into a conserved sequence of thedoublesex(dsx) gene. In modeling of invasion dynamics, SDGD was predicted to have a quicker impact on female mosquito populations than previously developed gene drives targeting female fertility. The SDGD at thedsxlocus led to a male-only population from a 2.5% starting allelic frequency in 10–14 generations, with population collapse and no selection for resistance. Our results support the use of SDGD for malaria vector control.
Layer 4 pyramidal neuron dendritic bursting underlies a post-stimulus visual cortical alpha rhythm
Authors: Traub Roger D. , Hawkins Karen , Adams Natalie E. , Hall Stephen P. , Simon Anna , Whittington Miles A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlpha rhythms (9–11 Hz) are a dominant feature of EEG recordings, particularly over occipital cortex on cessation of a visual stimulation. Little is known about underlying neocortical mechanisms so here we constructed alpha rhythm models that follow cessation of cortical stimulation. The rhythm manifests following a period of gamma frequency activity in local V1 networks in layer 4. It associates with network level bias of excitatory synaptic activity in favour of NMDA- rather than AMPA-mediated signalling and reorganisation of synaptic inhibition in favour of fast GABAA receptor-mediated events. At the cellular level the alpha rhythm depended upon the generation of layer 4 pyramidal neuron dendritic bursting mediated primarily by PPDA-sensitive NR2C/D-containing NMDA receptors, which lack the magnesium-dependent open channel block. Subthreshold potassium conductances are also critical. The rhythm dynamically filters outputs from sensory relay neurons (stellate neurons in layer 4) such that they become temporally uncoupled from downstream population activity.
Crop and forest pest metawebs shift towards increased linkage and suitability overlap under climate change
Authors: Grünig Marc , Mazzi Dominique , Calanca Pierluigi , Karger Dirk Nikolaus , Pellissier Loïc 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlobal changes pose both risks and opportunities to agriculture and forestry, and biological forecasts can inform future management strategies. Here, we investigate potential land-use opportunities arising from climate change for these sectors in Europe, and risks associated with the introduction and establishment of novel insect pests. Adopting a metaweb approach including all interaction links between 126 crops and forest tree species and 89 black-listed insect pest species, we show that the metawebs shift toward increased numbers of links and overlap of suitable area under climate change. Decomposing the metaweb across regions shows large saturation in southern Europe, while many novel interactions are expected for northern Europe. In light of the rising consumer awareness about human health and environmental impacts of food and wood production, the challenge will be to effectively exploit new opportunities to create diverse local agriculture and forestry while controlling pest species and reducing risks from pesticide use.
The roles of MASPIN expression and subcellular localization in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Xiao-Fei , Liang Bo , Zeng Da-Xiong , Lei Wei , Chen Cheng , Chen Yan-Bin , Huang Jian-An , Gu Ning , Zhu Ye-Han 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Accumulating studies have confirmed that mammary serine protease inhibitor (MASPIN) plays an essential role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, results are still controversial or inconsistent. In the present study, we attempted to identify the clinical significance of MASPIN and its potential molecular roles in NSCLC. The correlation of MASPIN with prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics was assessed by meta-analysis. Additionally, the potential molecular mechanisms of MASPIN in NSCLC was also investigated through several online databases. A total of 2220 NSCLC patients from 12 high quality studies were included and the results indicated that up-regulated MASPIN nucleus and cytoplasm expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–2.04, P&lt;0.05), elevated MASPIN cytoplasm expression was associated with poor OS (HR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.01–2.07, P&lt;0.05), disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.31–2.88, P=0.001), and disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.18–3.99, P=0.013). MASPIN both nucleus and cytoplasm location were associated with clinicopathological characteristics. Bioinformatics analysis validated the above results and suggested that human serpin family B member 5 (SERPINB5) hypomethylated levels were negatively correlated with its mRNA expression. Bioinformatics analysis also revealed the 85 most frequently altered neighboring genes of SERPINB5, and gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed 20 GO terms and 3 KEGG pathways with statistical significance. MASPIN had a statistically negative correlation with NSCLC prognosis, functioning as an oncoprotein by hypomethylation and influencing specific pathways involving the 85 genes identified herein. MASPIN might be a promising prognostic signature in NSCLC.
Communication Profile of a Minimally Verbal School-Age Autistic Child: A Case Study
Authors: Vidal Verónica , McAllister Anita , DeThorne Laura 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe present clinical focus draws on an intrinsic case study to provide a thick description of the communication profile of John, a 9-year-old minimally verbal autistic student.MethodSpecifically, traditional behavioral assessments, classroom video observations, and semistructured interviews were used to gather information regarding John's communication profile and potential sensory–motor differences.ResultsConvergent evidence indicated that John's expressive profile was characterized by single words, emergent word combinations, some conventional gestures, and a low frequency of communicative initiations. Concomitant language comprehension challenges and poor intelligibility associated with motor speech impairment were also indicated. His sensory–motor profile was marked by fine motor impairment, relative strengths in gross motor abilities, and sensory differences across visual, hearing, and tactile modalities.ConclusionDirect implications for supporting minimally verbal autistic students like John include the need to (a) consider sensory–motor influences on social interaction and (b) support flexible use of multimodal communication resources, including augmentative and alternative communication.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12202448
Erfolgreiche Therapie einer Sarkoidose mit TNF-alpha-Antagonisten
Authors: Heyne S. , Günther C. , Abraham S. , Beissert S. 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Sarkoidose ist eine Systemerkrankung, die vorwiegend die Lunge und auch die Haut betreffen kann. Charakteristisch sind erythematöse bis livide Plaques, die schmerzen können und bei Lokalisation an sichtbaren Körperbereichen zu Stigmatisierung mit Einschränkung der Lebensqualität führen können. Die Gabe von Steroiden ist die Standardtherapie, die jedoch nicht für alle Patienten ausreichend ist. Wir berichten über 2 Patienten mit kutaner Manifestation einer Sarkoidose, die erfolgreich mit TNF-alpha-Antagonisten behandelt wurden.
Antimycobacterial Activity of Alkaloids and Extracts from Tabernaemontana alba and T. arborea
Authors: Guzmán-Gutiérrez Silvia Laura , Silva-Miranda Mayra , Krengel Felix , Huerta-Salazar Elizabeth , León-Santiago Mayra , Díaz-Cantón Jessica Karina , Espitia Pinzón Clara , Reyes-Chilpa Ricardo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTuberculosis is the main cause of death from a single infectious agent. Globally, according to the World Health Organization, in 2018, there were an estimated 1.2 million tuberculosis deaths. Moreover, there is a continuous appearance of drug-resistant strains. Thus, development of new antituberculosis medicines should receive high priority. Plant-derived natural products are promising candidates for this purpose. We therefore screened alkaloid extracts obtained from the root and stem barks of the Mexican Apocynaceae species Tabernaemontana alba and Tabernaemontana arborea, as well as the pure alkaloids ibogaine, voacangine, and voacamine, tested for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and cytotoxicity to mammalian Vero cells using the resazurin microtiter and the MTT assays, respectively. The extracts were analyzed by GC-MS and HPLC-UV. T. arborea root bark alkaloid extract showed the highest activity against M. tuberculosis (MIC100 = 7.8 µg/mL) of the four extracts tested. HPLC suggested that voacangine and voacamine were the major components. The latter was isolated by column chromatography, and its chemical structure was elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR, and MS. Unambiguous assignation was performed by HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY experiments. Voacamine is a dimeric bis-indole-type alkaloid and is 15 times more potent than the monomeric ibogan-type alkaloids ibogaine and voacangine (MIC100 = 15.6, 250.0, and 250.0 µg/mL, respectively). However, all of these compounds showed cytotoxicity to Vero cells, with a poor selectivity index of 1.00, 0.16, and 1.42, respectively. This is the first report of voacamine activity against M. tuberculosis.
Optic Atrophy and Generalized Chorea in a Patient Harboring an OPA10/RTN4IP1 Pathogenic Variant
Authors: Giacomini Thea , Gamucci Alessandra , Pisciotta Livia , Nesti Claudia , Fiorillo Chiara , Doccini Stefano , Morana Giovanni , Nobili Lino , Santorelli Filippo M. , Mancardi Maria Margherita , De Grandis Elisa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
RTN4IP1 pathogenic variants (OPA10 syndrome) have been described in patients with early-onset recessive optic neuropathy and recently associated with a broader clinical spectrum, from isolated optic neuropathy to severe encephalopathies with epilepsy. Here we present a case of a patient with a complex clinical picture characterized by bilateral optic nerve atrophy, horizontal nystagmus, myopia, mild intellectual disability, generalized chorea, isolated small subependymal heterotopia, and asynchronous self-resolving midbrain MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) lesions. By using massive gene sequencing, we identified in this patient the c.308G > A (p.Arg103His) homozygous pathogenic variant in the RTN4IP1 gene. Complex movement disorders and relapsing-remitting neuroradiological lesions have not been previously reported in this condition. Our case expands the clinical spectrum of OPA10 syndrome and opens new opportunities for the molecular diagnosis.
The linchpin of Eurasia: Kazakhstan and the Eurasian economic union between Russia’s defensive regionalism and China’s new Silk Roads
Authors: Pieper Moritz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses the extent to which Kazakhstan’s agency in its interaction with China’s ‘Belt and Road’ initiative is shaped not only by Russia and China’s outward projection, but also de-centring practices at the regional and sub-national level. The Kazakhstani government has embraced China’s Silk Road economic belt (SREB—the land-based ‘belt’ of the BRI) and has aligned its ‘Nurly Zhol’ domestic stimulus programme with the SREB. At the same time, Kazakhstan’s membership in the Eurasian Economic Union increases Russian leverage over Kazakhstani trade and tariff policies. The advent of the BRI thus exacerbates, but has not caused, a partially competing logic behind Russia’s defensive regionalism and Kazakhstan’s professed multi-vector foreign policy. Contrasting the latter with Russian and Chinese geopolitical constraints imposed on the sociopolitical fabric of Kazakhstan, the paper examines how Kazakhstan is a microcosm for the dynamics of a new Eurasian order in the making.
Directed flow of photons in Cu

+

Au collisions at RHIC
Authors: Dasgupta Pingal , Chatterjee Rupa , Srivastava Dinesh K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Cu + Au collisions are expected to provide interesting new aspects in the understanding of anisotropic flow in heavy ion collisions due to asymmetric initial geometry on the transverse plane as well as due to the significant difference in number of participants in the two colliding nuclei. We calculate directed flow coefficient v
1 of thermal photons from 200 A GeV Cu + Au collisions at RHIC using a hydrodynamic model with fluctuating initial conditions and compare the results with the elliptic and triangular flow parameters. The photon v
1(p
T) is found to be non-zero and shows a different nature compared to the elliptic and triangular flow parameters as a function of p
T. We see a negative v
1 for p
T < 2 GeV/c, which becomes positive and rises slowly with larger p
T (>2 GeV/c) values. The QGP radiation completely dominates the v
1 in the region 1 < p
T < 6 GeV/c whereas, the contribution from hadronic phase is only marginal. In addition, the v
1 is found to be more sensitive to the initial formation time of the plasma compared to the elliptic and triangular flow parameters. Photon v
1 from Au + Au collisions is also calculated and compared with the v
1 from Cu + Au collisions. These results indicate that fluctuations play the most significant role in the determination of photon v
1 as the results from symmetric and symmetric collisions are found to be close to each other. We suggest that a simultaneous measurements of photon v

n
coefficients (n = 1, 2, 3) can provide valuable information about the initial state produced in heavy ion collisions.
Personalized automatic sleep staging with single-night data: a pilot study with Kullback–Leibler divergence regularization
Authors: Phan Huy , Mikkelsen Kaare , Chén Oliver Y , Koch Philipp , Mertins Alfred , Kidmose Preben , De Vos Maarten 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective: Brain waves vary between people. This work aims to improve automatic sleep staging for longitudinal sleep monitoring via personalization of algorithms based on individual characteristics extracted from sleep data recorded during the first night. Approach: As data from a single night are very small, thereby making model training difficult, we propose a Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence regularized transfer learning approach to address this problem. We employ the pretrained SeqSleepNet (i.e. the subject independent model) as a starting point and finetune it with the single-night personalization data to derive the personalized model. This is done by adding the KL divergence between the output of the subject independent model and it of the personalized model to the loss function during finetuning. In effect, KL-divergence regularization prevents the personalized model from overfitting to the single-night data and straying too far away from the subject independent model. Main results: Experimental results on the Sleep-EDF Expanded database consisting of 75 subjects show that sleep staging personalization with single-night data is possible with help of the proposed KL-divergence regularization. On average, we achieve a personalized sleep staging accuracy of 79.6%, a Cohen’s kappa of 0.706, a macro F1-score of 73.0%, a sensitivity of 71.8%, and a specificity of 94.2%. Significance: We find both that the approach is robust against overfitting and that it improves the accuracy by 4.5 percentage points compared to the baseline method without personalization and 2.2 percentage points compared to it with personalization but without regularization.
Bose–Einstein condensation on curved manifolds
Authors: Móller Natália S , dos Santos F Ednilson A , Bagnato Vanderlei S , Pelster Axel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Here we describe a weakly interacting Bose gas on a curved smooth manifold, which is embedded in the three-dimensional Euclidean space. To this end we start by considering a harmonic trap in the normal direction of the manifold, which confines the three-dimensional Bose gas in the vicinity of its surface. Following the notion of dimensional reduction as outlined in [L Salasnich et al, Phys. Rev. A 65, 043614 (2002)], we assume a large enough trap frequency so that the normal degree of freedom of the condensate wave function can be approximately integrated out. In this way we obtain an effective condensate wave function on the quasi-two-dimensional surface of the curved manifold, where the thickness of the cloud is determined self-consistently. For the particular case when the manifold is a sphere, our equilibrium results show how the chemical potential and the thickness of the cloud increase with the interaction strength. Furthermore, we determine within a linear stability analysis the low-lying collective excitations together with their eigenfrequencies, which turn out to reveal an instability for attractive interactions.
Charging and energy fluctuations of a driven quantum battery
Authors: Crescente A , Carrega M , Sassetti M , Ferraro D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We consider a quantum battery modelled as a set of N independent two-level quantum systems driven by a time dependent classical source. Different figures of merit, such as stored energy, time of charging and energy quantum fluctuations during the charging process, are characterized in a wide range of parameters, by means of numerical approach and suitable analytical approximation scheme. Particular emphasis is put on the role of different initial conditions, describing the preparation state of the quantum battery, as well as on the sensitivity to the functional form of the external time-dependent drive. It is shown that an optimal charging protocol, characterized by fast charging time and the absence of charging fluctuations, can be achieved starting from the ground state of each two-level system, while other pure preparation states are less efficient. Moreover, we argue that a periodic train of peaked rectangular pulses can lead to fast charging. This study aims at providing a useful theoretical background in view of future experimental solid-state implementations.
Divertor impurity seeding with a new feedback control scheme for
maintaining good core confinement in grassy-ELM H-mode regime with tungsten
monoblock divertor in EAST
Authors: Xu G.S. , Yuan Q.P. , Li K.D. , Wang L. , Xu J.C. , Yang Q.Q. , Duan Y.M. , Meng L.Y. , Yang Z.S. , Ding F. , Liu J.B. , Guo H.Y. , Wang H.Q. , Eldon D. , Tao Y.Q. , Wu K. , Yan N. , Ding R. , Wang Y.F. , Ye Y. , Zhang L. , Zhang T. , Zang Q. , Li Y.Y. , Liu H.Q. , Jia G.Z. , Liu X.J. , Si H. , Li E.Z. , Zeng L. , Qian J.P. , Lin S.Y. , Xu L.Q. , Wang H.H. , Gong X.Z. , Wan B.N. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Small perturbations and strong impurity exhaust capability associated with the
small grassy ELMs render the grassy-ELM regime a suitable candidate for
achieving steady-state H-mode operation with a radiative divertor, especially in
a metal-wall device, such as the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak
(EAST). As the degradation of pedestal performance with excessive divertor
impurity seeding or accumulation tends to be accompanied with significantly
increased radiation near the divertor X point, feedback control of the absolute
extreme ultraviolet (AXUV) radiation near the X point has been employed to
maintain the confinement property in EAST. However, the absolute value of the
AXUV radiation at the outer target varies with plasma conditions as during the
divertor detachment process. Thus, a new feedback-control scheme has been
recently developed and applied to grassy-ELM H-mode plasmas in EAST to achieve
stationary partial detachment while maintaining good global energy confinement
with H
98,y2 >1. In this scheme, electron
temperatures (T
et) measured by divertor Langmuir
probes are used to identify the onset of detachment, and then the plasma control
system (PCS) switches to the feedback control of one channel of AXUV radiation
near the X point, where a steep gradient in the radiation profile is present.
The feedback is performed through pulse-width-modulated duty cycle of a piezo
valve to seed impurities with mixed gas (50% Ne and 50% D2) from the
outer target plate near the strike point in the upper tungsten monoblock
divertor. T
et near the strike point is maintained in
the range of 5–8 eV, and peak surface temperature on the outer target
plate (T
IR,peak) is suppressed and maintained at
∼180 °C, based on infrared camera measurements. The plasma stored energy
maintains nearly constant over the entire feedback-control period. It thus
offers a highly promising plasma control scenario suitable for long-pulse
high-performance H-mode operation in EAST, which is potentially applicable to
future steady-state fusion reactors as an integrated solution for the control of
both ELM-induced transient and steady-state divertor heat loads while
maintaining good core confinement.