bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of tobacco product cessation among youth and adults in the USA: findings from the PATH Study Waves 1–3 (2013–2016)
Authors: Kasza Karin A , Edwards Kathryn C , Tang Zhiqun , Stanton Cassandra A , Sharma Eva , Halenar Michael J , Taylor Kristie A , Donaldson Elisabeth A , Hull Lynn C , Bansal-Travers Maansi , Limpert Jean , Zandberg Izabella , Gardner Lisa D , Hammad Hoda T , Borek Nicolette , Kimmel Heather L , Compton Wilson M , Hyland Andrew 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo report on demographic and tobacco use correlates of cessation behaviours across tobacco products (cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), cigars, hookah and smokeless tobacco) among the US population.DesignData were drawn from the first three waves (2013–2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of US youth (ages 12–17) and adults (ages 18+) . Past 30-day (P30D) tobacco users at Wave 1 (W1) or Wave 2 (W2) were included (n=1374 youth; n=14 389 adults). Generalised estimating equations were used to evaluate the association between demographic and tobacco use characteristics at baseline, with cessation behaviours at follow-up (discontinuing use, attempting to quit, quitting), over two 1-year periods (W1–W2, W2–Wave 3).ResultsAmong adult users of each type of tobacco product, frequency of use was negatively associated with discontinuing use. Among adult cigarette smokers, non-Hispanic white smokers, those with lower educational attainment and those with lower household income were less likely to discontinue cigarette use; ENDS use was positively associated with making quit attempts but was not associated with cigarette quitting among attempters; smokeless tobacco use was positively associated with quitting among attempters; tobacco dependence was negatively associated with quitting among attempters. Among youth cigarette smokers, tobacco dependence was negatively associated with making quit attempts.DiscussionDemographic correlates of tobacco cessation behaviours underscore tobacco use disparities in the USA. Use of ENDS and use of smokeless tobacco products are positively associated with some adult cigarette cessation behaviours.
Tectonic evolution of Anglesey and adjacent mainland North Wales
Authors: Schofield D. I. , Leslie A. G. , Wilby P. R. , Dartnall R. , Waldron J. W. F. , Kendall R. S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Appalachian–Caledonian Orogen preserves a complex record of piecemeal trans-oceanic terrane transfer and accretion during the early Paleozoic collision between West Gondwana and Laurentia, whilst the intervening Iapetus oceanic tracts were largely destroyed. The now preserved terranes include arc fragments of Laurentian and Gondwanan affinity, oceanic fragments incorporated into the Gondwanan continental margin, and remnants of the Gondwanan continental slope apron and adjacent platform (both Ganderia and Megumia). A new tectonostratigraphic synthesis for the island of Anglesey (and adjacent NW Wales) reveals a comprehensive record of the Appalachian orogenic cycle in the UK segment of the orogen of the peri-Gondwanan margin prior to amalgamation into the Laurentian margin. We identify elements of Late Neoproterozoic accretion forming the pre-Appalachian basement; Cambrian extension, deposition and continental margin growth; Early Ordovician accretion and renewed extension; and, finally, terminal Caledonian collision and continental foreland-basin development.
Intratumoral Comparison of Nanoparticle Entrapped Docetaxel (CPC634) with Conventional Docetaxel in Patients with Solid Tumors
Authors: Atrafi Florence , van Eerden Ruben A.G. , van Hylckama Vlieg Marte A.M , Oomen-de Hoop Esther , de Bruijn Peter , Lolkema Martijn P. , Moelker Adriaan , Rijcken Cristianne J. , Hanssen Rob , Sparreboom Alex , Eskens Ferry A.L.M. , Mathijssen Ron H.J. , Koolen Stijn L.W. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
CPC634 is a novel nanoparticle entrapping docetaxel, developed to enhance the intratumoral chemotherapy exposure. This randomized cross-over study compared the intratumoral and plasma pharmacokinetics of CPC634 with conventional docetaxel.

Patients and Methods:
Adult patients with solid tumors were randomized to receive CPC634 (75 mg/m2) in cycle 1, and conventional docetaxel (75 mg/m2) in cycle 2 or vice versa. The study was powered to identify a 25% increase of intratumoral total docetaxel exposure after CPC634 infusion compared with conventional docetaxel. Four patients were allocated per tumor sampling time point, that is, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, 7 and 14 days after infusion during both cycles. Total docetaxel and released docetaxel from the nanoparticle were determined in tumor tissue derived from a metastatic lesion and in plasma. Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed using linear mixed modeling.

Results:
In total, 24 evaluable patients were included. In the tumor, CPC634 exhibited a 461% higher total docetaxel (P &lt; 0.001) and a comparable released docetaxel concentration (P = 0.43). Plasma AUCinf was 27% higher (P = 0.001) and Cmax was 91% lower (P &lt; 0.001) for CPC634 released docetaxel. The median observed neutrophil count nadir after conventional docetaxel treatment was lower (0.50 × 109/L) compared with CPC634 (4.30 × 109/L; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions:
Here, we demonstrated that CPC634 enhanced the intratumoral total docetaxel exposure compared with conventional docetaxel. The lower incidence of neutropenia during CPC634 treatment is presumably related to lower plasma Cmax of released docetaxel. The unique pharmacokinetic profile of CPC634 nanoparticles has the potential to improve docetaxel treatment. A phase II efficacy trial of CPC634 is currently ongoing.
Increasing Mortality From Premature Coronary Artery Disease in Women in the Rural United States
Authors: Bossard Matthias , Latifi Yllka , Fabbri Matteo , Kurmann Reto , Brinkert Miriam , Wolfrum Mathias , Berte Benjamin , Cuculi Florim , Toggweiler Stefan , Kobza Richard , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Moccetti Federico 
Published: April 2020

Background
Previous reports have described a leveling off of mortality from premature coronary artery disease (CAD). In recent years, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors has increased in rural communities and young adults.

Methods and Results
We extracted CAD mortality rates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database from 1999 to 2017, focusing on mortality from premature CAD (defined as <65 years of age in women) and urban–rural differences. Variations in mortality rates over time, assessed with Joinpoint regression modeling, are expressed as estimated annual percentage change (95% CI) and stratified by urbanization, sex, age, and race. Age‐adjusted mortality rates decreased for women and men. Stratification by urbanization revealed that premature CAD mortality is stagnating among women in rural areas. However, this stagnation conceals a statistically significant increase in CAD mortality rates since 2009 in women aged 55 to 64 years (estimated annual percentage change: +1.4%; 95% CI, +0.3% to +2.5%) and since 1999 in women aged 45 to 54 years (estimated annual percentage change: +0.6%; 95% CI, +0.2% to 1.0%). Since 1999, mortality has been stagnating in the youngest group (aged 35–44 years; estimated annual percentage change: +0.2%; 95% CI, −0.4% to +0.8%). Stratification by race indicated an increase in mortality rates among white rural women. Premature CAD mortality remains consistently higher in the rural versus urban United States, regardless of sex, race, and age group.

Conclusions
Premature CAD mortality rates have declined over time. However, stratification by sex and urbanization reveals disparities that would otherwise remain concealed: CAD mortality rates have increased among women from rural areas since at least 2009.
Binge Alcohol Exposure in Adolescence Impairs Normal Heart Growth
Authors: Ai Lizhuo , Perez Edith , Asimes AnnaDorothea , Kampaengsri Theerachat , Heroux Maxime , Zlobin Andrei , Hiske Mark A. , Chung Charles S. , Pak Toni R. , Kirk Jonathan A. 
Published: April 2020

Background
Approximately 1 in 6 adolescents report regular binge alcohol consumption, and we hypothesize it affects heart growth during this period.

Methods and Results
Adolescent, genetically diverse, male Wistar rats were gavaged with water or ethanol once per day for 6 days. In vivo structure and function were assessed before and after exposure. Binge alcohol exposure in adolescence significantly impaired normal cardiac growth but did not affect whole‐body growth during adolescence, therefore this pathology was specific to the heart. Binge rats also exhibited signs of accelerated pathological growth (concentric cellular hypertrophy and thickening of the myocardial wall), suggesting a global reorientation from physiologic to pathologic growth. Binge rats compensated for their smaller filling volumes by increasing systolic function and sympathetic stimulation. Consequently, binge alcohol exposure increased PKA (protein kinase A) phosphorylation of troponin I, inducing myofilament calcium desensitization. Binge alcohol also impaired in vivo relaxation and increased titin‐based cellular stiffness due to titin phosphorylation by PKCα (protein kinase C α). Mechanistically, alcohol inhibited extracellular signal‐related kinase activity, a nodal signaling kinase activating physiology hypertrophy. Thus, binge alcohol exposure depressed genes involved in growth. These cardiac structural alterations from binge alcohol exposure persisted through adolescence even after cessation of ethanol exposure.

Conclusions
Alcohol negatively impacts function in the adult heart, but the adolescent heart is substantially more sensitive to its effects. This difference is likely because adolescent binge alcohol impedes the normal rapid physiological growth and reorients it towards pathological hypertrophy. Many adolescents regularly binge alcohol, and here we report a novel pathological consequence as well as mechanisms involved.
Incremental Prognostic Impact of Peripheral Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction on the Development of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Toya Takumi , Sara Jaskanwal D. , Ahmad Ali , Nardi Valentina , Taher Riad , Lerman Lilach O. , Lerman Amir 
Published: April 2020

Background
Peripheral microvascular endothelial dysfunction (PMED) has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events, but there is a lack of information characterizing the predictive value of PMED for future risk of ischemic stroke (IS).

Methods and Results

This retrospective observational cohort study enrolled 637 patients who underwent non‐invasive microvascular endothelial function assessment using reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry. Reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry index ≤2 was defined as PMED. Of 280 patients with PMED, 12 (4.3%) patients developed IS, compared with only 4 (1.1%) of 357 patients without PMED during a median follow‐up of 5.3 years. Patients with PMED had lower IS‐free survival compared with patients without PMED (log‐rank
P
=0.03). Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) analyses showed that PMED predicted the incidence of IS, with a HR of 3.43, 95% CI, 1.10–10.63 (
P
=0.03); adjusted HR of 3.70, 95% CI, 1.18–11.59 (
P
=0.02) after adjusting for sex, smoking history, and atrial fibrillation; adjusted HR of 3.45, 95% CI, 1.11–10.72 (
P
=0.03) after adjusting for CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score; adjusted HR of 5.70, 95% CI, 1.40–23.29 (
P
=0.02) after adjusting for revised Framingham Stroke Risk Score. Reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry index improved discrimination of risk for IS after adding reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry index to CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score and revised Framingham Stroke Risk Score.

Conclusions
PMED was associated with a >3‐fold increased risk of IS. These findings underscore the concept of the systemic nature of endothelial dysfunction, which could act as a potential marker to predict future risk of IS.
Short-term Smartphone App–Based Focused Attention Meditation Diminishes Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Wolff Nicole , Beste Christian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cognitive flexibility is an important aspect relevant to daily life situations, and there is an increasing public interest to optimize these functions, for example, using (brief) meditation practices. However, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. On the basis of theoretical considerations, both improvements and deteriorations of cognitive flexibility are possible through focused attention meditation (FAM). We investigated the effect of a brief smartphone app–based FAM on task switching using EEG methods, temporal signal decomposition, and source localization techniques (standardized low-resolution electromagnetic brain tomography). The study was conducted using a crossover study design. We show that even 15 min of FAM practicing modulates memory-based task switching, on a behavioral level and a neurophysiological level. More specifically, FAM hampers response selection and conflict resolution processes and seem to reduce cognitive resources, which are necessary to rapidly adapt to changing conditions. These effects are represented in the N2 and P3 time windows and associated with ACC. It seems that FAM increases the attention to one specific aspect, which may help to focus but carries also the risk that behavior becomes too rigid. FAM thus seems to modulate both the stimulus- and response-related aspects of conflict monitoring in ACC. Motor-related processes were not affected. The results can be explained using a cognitive control dilemma framework, suggesting that particularly alterations in background monitoring may be important to consider when explaining the effects of FAM during task switching.
Inscribing the Corpus: Scribal and Ritual Practice in the Material Culture of Dunhuang
Authors: Dachille Rae 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Qualities of the written sign impact the process of parsing a text, of making it accessible for vision, contemplation, recitation, and memory. In this article, I approach the manuscript as a visual field ordered by the configuration, combination, and differentiation of marks. This approach considers the particular challenges and potentialities that the space of the manuscript presents to a scribe as well as to a reader and how this blurs the boundaries between text and image. Through a case study of a Tibetan ritual manual, I illuminate the act of inscription as a technology with material, ritual, mnemonic, and pedagogical applications.
From the Archives to Living Tradition
Authors: Johnson Greg 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article is a brief response to Jennifer Graber’s The Gods of Indian Country and Pamela Klassen’s The Story of Radio Mind. The author responds to both texts with attention to questions of method and theory at the intersection of Indigenous studies and religious studies. This response includes comparative reflections from the author’s research contexts concerned with religion and law in contemporary Hawai`i and on Mauna Kea in particular.
North America, Turtle Island, and the Study of Religion
Authors: Graber Jennifer , Klassen Pamela E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This is the two authors’ response to the comments on their books, The Gods of Indian Country and The Story of Radio Mind, offered by Kathleen J. Martin, Sylvester A. Johnson, Tiffany Hale, and Greg Johnson. It addresses questions regarding the history of land in North America and Turtle Island, and reflects on the authors’ own ancestors’ histories, the use of a variety of sources to tell Indigenous and settler histories, and the politics and protocols of stories.
New Technologies, New Challenges for Human Rights? The Work of the Council of Europe
Authors: Lwoff Laurence 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Convergence of emerging technologies (e.g. biotechnologies, information and cognitive technologies) has opened new perspectives for progress with regard to human health. However, these technologies also open new possibilities for interventions on human beings, which may be more invasive, and possibly affect and modify individuals. Established practices in the field of biomedicine are also evolving in a way that exerts pressure on existing protective mechanisms. Thus, consideration is required as to whether existing human rights provisions are still fit for purpose or whether there is a need to re-examine, clarify or re-enforce them or even a need to identify new human rights and protective measures. This article gives an overview of the main issues considered by the Committee on Bioethics of the Council of Europe to develop a Strategic Action Plan aimed at ensuring appropriate protection of human rights in the developments in biomedicine, promoting thereby progress for human health.
The Tent of Meeting and the Women’s Mirrors in 1 Sam 2:22 and Exod 38:8
Authors: Lo Sardo Domenico 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article evaluates the relationship between the texts of 1 Sam 2:22 and Exod 38:8 using a methodology that proceeds from textual criticism to literary criticism. According to a traditional text-critical approach of the available textual witnesses (MT, LXX, 4QSama), the short reading of 1 Sam 2:22 found in LXXB 4QSama is preferable to that of MT. By contrast, using a literary critical approach, this article proposes that MT-Exod 38:8 depends on MT-1 Sam 2:22 and not vice versa. MT-1 Sam 2:22 has greater affinity with Num 4:23 and 8:24 regarding the terminology used for the women’s ‘cultic service’ at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. 1 Sam 2:22b ought to be regarded as a post-P addition made after the text of the LXX had been translated from the Hebrew. For Exod 38:8 and related texts, we examine the role of the Vetus Latina in resolving this text-critical problem.
Assessing the Impacts of Two Averaging Methods on AIRS Level 3 Monthly Products and Multiyear Monthly Means
Authors: Ding Feng , Savtchenko Andrey , Hearty Thomas , Wei Jennifer , Theobald Michael , Vollmer Bruce , Tian Baijun , Fetzer Eric 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on board NASA’s Aqua satellite provides more than 16 years of data. Its monthly gridded (Level 3) product has been widely used for climate research and applications. Since counts of successful soundings in a grid cell are used to derive monthly averages, this averaged by observations (ABO) approach effectively gives equal importance to all participating soundings within a month. It is conceivable then that days with more observations due to day-to-day orbit shift and regimes with better retrieval skills will contribute disproportionately to the monthly average within a cell. Alternatively, the AIRS Level 3 monthly product can be produced through an averaged by days (ABD) approach, where the monthly mean in a grid cell is a simple average of the daily means. The effects of these averaging methods on the AIRS version 6 monthly product are assessed quantitatively using temperature and water vapor at the surface and 500 hPa. The ABO method results in a warmer (slightly colder) global mean temperature at the surface (500 hPa) and a drier global mean water vapor than ABD method. The AIRS multiyear monthly mean temperature and water vapor from both methods are also compared with the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) product and evaluated with a simulation experiment, indicating the ABD method has lower error and is more closely correlated with MERRA-2. In summary, the ABD method is recommended for future versions of the AIRS Level 3 monthly product and more data services supporting Level 3 aggregation are needed.
COVID-19: Facts, Cultural Considerations, and Risk of Stigmatization
Authors: Bruns Debra Pettit , Kraguljac Nina Vanessa , Bruns Thomas R. 
Published: April 2020

Data on COVID-19 supports targeted social distancing could be an effective way to reduce morbidity and mortality, but could inadvertently increase stigma for affected populations. As health care providers we must be aware of the facts of COVID-19, cultural implications, and potential for stigmatization of populations affected by COVID-2019. It is important to consider the real economic impact related to lost workdays due to quarantine and social isolation efforts as well as travel restrictions that may negatively impact access to care and ability to pay for care. Efforts geared towards general education about the disease and the rationale for quarantine and public health information provided to the general public can reduce stigmatization. Countries who are successful at aggressive screening, early identification, patient isolation, contact tracing, quarantine, and infection control methods should also address the risk of stigmatization among populations and the negative effects which could occur. The cases of COVID-19 will continue to rise and the virus will be sustainable for future infections. Timely and appropriate public health interventions addressing cultural impact and risk for stigmatization along with proper screening, treatment, and follow up for affected individuals and close contacts can reduce the number of infections, serious illness, and deaths.
Comparison Between the Diagnostic Performance of 1.5 T and 3.0 T field Strengths for Detecting Deep Vein Thrombosis Using Magnetic Resonance Black-Blood Thrombus Imaging
Authors: Ye Yufeng , He Xueping , Huang Chen , Shi Caiyun , Deng Wei , Luo Wenfeng , Liang Jianke , He Zhuonan , Mao Huan , Liang Qiwei , Chen Dongya , Chen Hanwei , Xie Guoxi 
Published: April 2020

Background: Magnetic resonance (MR) black-blood thrombus imaging (BTI) is an accurate diagnostic technique for detecting deep vein thrombosis (DVT) but to date there have been no studies comparing the diagnostic performance and consistency of this technique at different field strengths. In this study, we evaluated and compared the diagnostic performance of BTI for detecting DVT at 1.5 T and 3.0 T field strengths. Methods: A total of 40 patients with DVT were enrolled in this study from November 2015 up to October 2018. All patients underwent BTI, a contrast-free T1-weighted MR imaging technique for detecting DVT, and contrast-enhanced MR venography (CE-MRV) at 1.5 T or 3.0 T field strengths. The MR data analyses used 1160 segments from the venous lumen of the 40 patients. The signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio between thrombus and muscle/lumen were calculated to compare BTI at 1.5 T or 3.0 T to determine the image performance for thrombus detection at 1.5 T or 3.0 T. Two physicians blinded to the study evaluated all BTI images and calculated the overall sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, and diagnostic consistency at 1.5 T and 3.0 T. These images and values were compared to control CE-MRV images that had been obtained by 2 senior physicians and used as reference standards. In addition, the reliability and consistency of diagnoses between observers were also evaluated. Results: Two study-blind physicians reviewed all BTI images to diagnose thrombus and to determine SE, SP, PPV, NPV, and accuracy. There were no statistical differences in SE, SP, PPV, NPV, or accuracy between the 1.5 T and 3.0 T groups. Conclusions: Black-blood thrombus imaging has high SE, SP, and accuracy for DVT diagnosis both at 1.5 T and 3.0 T field strengths. This noninvasive diagnostic technique, which does not require the use of contrast agents, can be widely used in the clinical screening of DVT and follow-up after treatment.