bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neugeborenes mit Nasenagenesie: Neonatologische Herausforderungen bei
der Versorgung eines Neugeborenen mit Bosma-Arhinie-Mikrophthalmie-Syndrom
(BAMS)
Authors: Stromiedel Helen , Van Quekelberghe Chantal , Yigit Gökhan , Naimi Ammar Al , Bahlmann Franz , Sader Robert , Guchlerner Marina , Lüchtenberg Marc , Latta Kay , Cho Chie Hee , Wollnik Bernd , Kunzmann Steffen 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungAnhand eines weiblichen Neugeborenen soll das seltene Krankheitsbild der
konnatalen Nasenagenesie vorgestellt werden. In der Schwangerschaft fielen
eine intrauterine Wachstumsrestriktion mit Polyhydramnion und eine
Mittelgesichtshypoplasie auf. Das Atemwegsmanagement nach primärer
Sectio in der 38+4 SSW gelang mittels Schienung durch einen
Güdel- bzw. im Verlauf Rachentubus ohne Zeichen einer
respiratorischen Insuffizienz. Neben der vollständigen Nasenagenesie
zeigten sich bei unauffälligen zerebralen Strukturen ein
Hypertelorismus, ein gotischer Gaumen, ein beidseitiger Mikrophthalmus und
Iriskolobom. Die Nahrungsaufnahme wurde mit einer orogastralen Sonde
sichergestellt, durch Trinktraining und einen speziellen Schnuller konnten
eine bessere Koordination und Trinkleistung erzielt werden. Der sich bei
assoziierten Fehlbildungen ergebende Verdacht auf ein
Bosma-Arhinie-Mikrophthalmie-Syndrom (BAMS) wurde humangenetisch durch den
Nachweis einer heterozygoten de novo Mutation im SMCHD1-Gen, welches eine
Schlüsselfunktion in der Embryogenese der menschlichen Nase spielt,
bestätigt (c.1043A>G; pHis348Arg). Aus neonatologischer
Sicht ist oftmals die initiale Kreißsaal-Versorgung eine
Herausforderung: Patienten mit Nasenagenesie werden häufig
postpartal intubiert und elektiv tracheotomiert. Bei fehlender
respiratorischer Problematik und Nahrungsaufnahme mit perzentilengerechtem
Wachstum besteht jedoch keine dringliche Indikation zur frühzeitigen
plastisch-chirurgischen Versorgung, insbesondere da diese mit Gefahren wie
Sepsis und Wachstumsstörungen im Mittelgesicht behaftet ist.
Impact of sedation on the Performance Indicator of Colonic Intubation
Authors: Nass Karlijn J. , van Doorn Sascha C. , van der Vlugt Manon , Fockens Paul , Dekker Evelien 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background The Performance Indicator of Colonic Intubation (PICI) is a new measure of high-quality colonic intubation. Adequate PICI was defined as cecal intubation without significant discomfort and use of minimal sedation. This study assessed achievement of PICI within the Dutch colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program, and determined the association between PICI and adenoma detection rate (ADR). PICI achievement when using the Dutch median midazolam dose was also assessed.
Methods This retrospective study was conducted within the Dutch fecal immunochemical test-based CRC screening program. Colonoscopy and pathology data were prospectively collected in a national database. Data between January 2016 through January 2018
were analyzed. Adequate PICI was defined as successful cecal intubation, Gloucester Comfort Scale (GCS) of 1 – 3, and use of ≤ 2.5 mg midazolam.
Results 107 328 colonoscopies were performed during the study period. Adequate PICI was achieved in 49 500 colonoscopies (46.1 %). In colonoscopies with inadequate PICI, inadequacy was due to higher sedation doses in 87.8 %. Adequate PICI was associated with higher ADR (odds ratio 1.16, 95 % confidence interval 1.12 – 1.20). When using a cutoff of 5 mg midazolam, median dose in this Dutch population, adequate PICI was achieved in 95 410 colonoscopies (88.9  %).
Conclusion PICI appeared to be heavily dependent on sedation practice. Because of wide variation in sedation practice between individual endoscopists and countries, the benefit of PICI as a quality indicator is limited.
Pbx1, Meis1, and Runx1 Expression Is Decreased in the Diaphragmatic and Pulmonary Mesenchyme of Rats with Nitrofen-Induced Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Takahashi Toshiaki , Friedmacher Florian , Zimmer Julia , Puri Prem 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroduction Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and associated pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) are thought to originate from mesenchymal defects in pleuroperitoneal folds (PPFs) and primordial lungs. Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 1 (Pbx1), its binding partner myeloid ecotropic integration site 1 (Meis1), and runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1) are expressed in diaphragmatic and lung mesenchyme, functioning as transcription cofactors that modulate mesenchymal cell proliferation. Furthermore, Pbx1 −/− mice develop diaphragmatic defects and PH similar to human CDH. We hypothesized that diaphragmatic and pulmonary Pbx1, Meis1, and Runx1 expression is decreased in the nitrofen-induced CDH model.Materials and Methods Time-mated rats were exposed to nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day 9 (D9). Fetal diaphragms (n = 72) and lungs (n = 48) were microdissected on D13, D15, and D18, and were divided into control and nitrofen-exposed specimens. Diaphragmatic and pulmonary gene expression levels of Pbx1, Meis1, and Runx1 were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunofluorescence-double-staining for Pbx1, Meis1, and Runx1 was combined with mesenchymal/myogenic markers Gata4 and myogenin to evaluate protein expression.Results Relative mRNA expression of Pbx1, Meis1, and Runx1 was significantly decreased in PPFs (D13), developing diaphragms/lungs (D15), and muscularized diaphragms/differentiated lungs (D18) of nitrofen-exposed fetuses compared with controls. Confocal-laser-scanning-microscopy revealed markedly diminished Pbx1, Meis1, and Runx1 immunofluorescence in diaphragmatic and pulmonary mesenchyme, associated with less proliferating mesenchymal cells in nitrofen-exposed fetuses on D13, D15, and D18 compared with controls.Conclusion Decreased Pbx1, Meis1, and Runx1 expression during diaphragmatic development and lung branching morphogenesis may reduce mesenchymal cell proliferation, causing malformed PPFs and disrupted airway branching, thus leading to diaphragmatic defects and PH in the nitrofen-induced CDH model.
Effect of Feeding Strategies on the Development of Fulminant Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Hartman Heather A. , Pennell Christopher , Aronoff Stephen , Arthur L. Grier 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) causes significant neonatal morbidity. A subset of infants experience precipitous decline and death from fulminant-NEC (F-NEC). We sought to determine the effect of feeding practices on the development of this more virulent form of NEC.
Materials and Methods Premature neonates developing Bell's stage II or III NEC between May 2011 and June 2017 were reviewed. Infants were stratified as having NEC or F-NEC, defined as NEC-totalis or NEC causing rapid decline and death within 72 hours. Risk factors extracted included demographics, gestational age, and weight at NEC diagnosis. Feeding data extracted included age at first feed, caloric density, type of feed (breast milk or formula), and whether full volume feeds were reached. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed.
Results A total of 98 patients were identified, of which 80 were included. In total, 57 patients had NEC and 23 had F-NEC. Reaching full volume feeds was associated with F-NEC on both univariate and multivariate analysis (37.9 vs. 4.5%; odds ratio: 67, 95% confidence interval: 6.606–2041, p = 0.003). Infants developing F-NEC achieved full feeds earlier (22.5 vs. 19.8 days, p = 0.025) on univariate but not multivariate analysis. There was no difference in the rates of NEC and F-NEC among infants receiving breast milk (standard or fortified) or formula (standard or increased caloric density; p = 0.235).
Conclusion Among premature neonates with NEC, reaching full volume feedings was associated with a nearly 70-fold increased risk of F-NEC. Assuming it was possible to predict an infant's development of NEC, alternative feeding regimens might reduce the risk of F-NEC in this population.
The Effect of Age and the Delay before Surgery on the Outcomes of Intercostal Nerve Transfers to the Musculocutaneous Nerve: A Retrospective Study of 232 Cases of Posttraumatic Total and Near-total Brachial Plexus Injuries
Authors: Bhatia Anil , Kulkarni Aditi , Zancolli Pablo , Martinez Raul Rodriguez , Clifton Jorge , El-Gammal Tarek , Muset Alex 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction Posttraumatic brachial plexus injuries are devastating, as the brain and spinal cord are disconnected from the upper limb. Restoration of elbow flexion has been widely recognized as the primary objective of nerve reconstruction. In the absence of utilizable (ruptured) root stumps in the neck, one has recourse only to nerve transfers. The direct transfer of intercostal nerves to the musculocutaneous nerve is one of the techniques that has been commonly employed over the past four decades. However, the outcomes of this procedure cited in the literature have varied considerably. The patient’s age and the delay from the accident to surgery have been known to affect the results of nerve reconstruction operations. The authors present a study of the effect of these parameters on intercostal nerve transfers.
Methods The data of 232 patients with total and near-total brachial plexus injuries treated by the senior author between April 1995 and December 2015 was examined. Intercostal nerve transfers were used for the restoration of biceps function in each of these patients. The outcomes were tabulated, and the correlation with the age and the delay before surgery was examined.
Results The strength of the biceps regained was better in patients younger than 30 years old and those operated upon earlier than 6 months from the accident. The differences in outcomes were found to be statistically significant (p = 0.001 for preoperative delay and p < 0.005 for the patient’s age).
Conclusion The results give clear proof of the significant effect of the age and preoperative delay on the outcomes of intercostal nerve transfers for restoration of biceps function. These findings can serve as pointers to help the surgeon in choosing the method of nerve reconstruction in a given case.
Oral Ulceration and Indian Herbs: A Scoping Review
Authors: Agnihotri Archna , Kaur Antervir , Arora Rosy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOral ulcers are one of the most prevalent oral mucosal diseases. The etiology of oral mucosal ulcers still has to be discerned as a variety of precipitating factors and causes have been implicated. Unless associated with some underlying systemic component, the condition generally takes 10 to 14 days to resolve, sometimes to recur soon. During the active disease phase, it affects eating, drinking and swallowing, thus affecting the quality of life. The treatment is generally symptomatic and is limited to the use of analgesics, antibiotics and topical application of steroids. The use of these over-the-counter drugs can sometimes lead to severe adverse effects. Herbal medicaments provide a safer and efficacious alternative to synthetic drugs. This article aims to review the most commonly used herbal medicines and investigate their efficacy in treating oral ulcers.
The Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown on Plastic Surgery Training and Practice in India
Authors: Kumar Shalabh , More Amrita , Harikar Mandara ,   Dharini
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background A nationwide lockdown due to the outbreak of COVID-19 has posed unforeseen challenges. Lockdown, physical distancing, and restrictions on medical practice have affected the training of residents and the professional and personal life of plastic surgeons. An online survey was conducted to assess this impact.
Methods A questionnaire was circulated on Whatsapp groups from 15 to 21 of May and snowball sampling was done. The survey was designed to have a separate set of questions for residents and practitioners. The obtained results were analyzed, according to SPSS software version 25.
Results A total of 206 responses were obtained (107 residents and 96 consultants) from across the country. The average age of consultants was 38.10 years, with mean experience of 4 years (range 0.5–33 years). As much as 56.3% of practitioners and 87.8% of residents were working in hospitals treating COVID-19. Average fall in number of OPD cases and elective surgeries was 75%. This led to financial strain on 86.5% of consultants and adversely affected training of 86% residents. As much as 86.9% of residents and 67.7% of consultants hoped that the online teaching pattern continued after the pandemic.
Conclusion Universities need to recognize the loss in training for residents due to the pandemic and formulate plans to overcome it. Institutions and associations conducting webinars can streamline and archive them for future use.
Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria derived from infant intestines may activate macrophages and lead to different IL-10 secretion
Authors: Liang Huijing , Luo Zihao , Miao Zhonghua , Shen Xi , Li Ming , Zhang Xuguang , Chen Jiehua , Ze Xiaolei , Chen Qiwei , He Fang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, three strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria originally isolated from healthy infants, were tested for their abilities to activate RAW264.7 cells. Gene expression and cytokine production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) of RAW264.7 cells were evaluated. The activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and nuclear factor-κB (NK-κB) were also assessed. These results suggest lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in infants may promote production of IL-10 in macrophages, conferring a protective effect in hosts suffering from inflammation. Dimerization of TLR2 and MyD88 and subsequent phosphorylation of the key downstream signaling molecules, such as MAPKs and NK-κB, may be one of the key underlying mechanisms of activation of macrophages by these microbes. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli induced macrophages to secrete IL-10 in a different manner, which may relate to their abilities to activate key signaling pathways mediated by TLR2 and MyD88.
X(2239) and

as hidden-strange molecular states from

interaction *
Authors: Zhu Jun-Tao , Liu Yi , Chen Dian-Yong , Jiang Longyu , He Jun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work, we propose the possible assignment of the newly observed

, as well as

, as a molecular state from the interaction of a baryon

and an antibaryon

. With the help of effective Lagrangians, the

interaction is described within the one-boson-exchange model with

,

,

,

, and

exchanges considered. After inserting the potential kernel into the quasipotential Bethe-Salpeter equation, the bound states from the

interaction can be studied by searching for the pole of the scattering amplitude. Two loosely bound states with spin parities

and

appear near the threshold with almost the same parameter. The

state can be assigned to

observed at BESIII, which is very close to the

threshold. The scalar meson

can be interpreted as a

state from the

interaction. The annihilation effect is also discussed through a coupled-channel calculation plus a phenomenological optical potential. It provides large widths to two bound states produced from the

interaction. The mass of the

state is slightly larger than the mass of the

state after including the annihilation effect, which is consistent with our assignment of these two states as

and

, respectively. The results suggest that further investigation is required to understand the structures near the

threshold, such as

,

, and

.
Alpha decay of heavy and super heavy nuclei with a generalized electrostatic potential
Authors: Budaca R. , Budaca A. I. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Half-lives of α decay for Z≥ 84 nuclei are calculated based on the WKB theory applied for a phenomenological potential barrier composed of a centrifugal contribution and a screened electrostatic interaction represented by a Hulthen potential. For favored decays, the model has a single adjustable parameter associated with the screening of the electrostatic potential. The description of half lives for unfavored decays requires an additional hindrance term. A good agreement with experimental data is obtained in all considered cases. The evolution of the screening parameter for each nucleus revealed its dependence on shell filling. The model is also used for theoretical predictions on a few nuclei with uncertain or incomplete decay information.
Constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings via Wγjj production at the LHC *
Authors: Guo Yu-Chen , Wang Ying-Ying , Yang Ji-Chong , Yue Chong-Xing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Vector boson scattering at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is sensitive to anomalous quartic gauge couplings (aQGCs). In this study, we investigate the aQGC contribution to Wγjj production at the LHC with

TeV in the context of an effective field theory (EFT). The unitarity bound is applied as a cut on the energy scale of this production process, which is found to have significant suppressive effects on signals. To enhance the statistical significance, we analyze the kinematic and polarization features of the aQGC signals in detail. We find that the polarization effects induced by aQGCs are unique and can discriminate the signals from the SM backgrounds well. With the proposed event selection strategy, we obtain the constraints on the coefficients of dimension-8 operators with current luminosity. The results indicate that the process

is powerful for searching for the

and

operators.
Cross section measurements on zirconium isotopes for ~14 MeV neutrons and their theoretical calculations of excitation functions *
Authors: Li Yong , Song Yueli , Zhou Fengqun , Chang Xinyi , Zhang Xiaopeng , Tian Mingli , Yuan Shuqing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The cross sections for the 94Zr(n,d*)93m+gY, 96Zr(n,γ)97Z, 96Zr(n,2n)95Zr, 90Zr(n,α)87mSr, 94Zr(n,α)91Sr,90Zr(n,p)90mY, 92Zr(n,p)92Y, and 94Zr(n,p)94Y reactions have been measured in the neutron energy range of 13.5-14.8 MeV by means of the activation technique. The neutrons were produced via the D-T reaction. A high-purity germanium detector with high energy resolution was used to measure the induced γ activities. In combination with the nuclear reaction theoretical models, the excitation curves of the above-mentioned eight nuclear reactions within the incident neutron energy range from the threshold to 20 MeV were obtained by adopting the nuclear theoretical model program system Talys-1.9. The resulting experimental cross sections were analyzed and compared with the experimental data from published studies. Calculations were performed using Talys-1.9 and are in agreement with our experimental results, previous experimental values, as well as results of the theoretical excitation curves at the corresponding energies. The theoretical excitation curves generally match the experimental data well.
Search for invisible decays of the Higgs boson produced at the CEPC *
Authors: Tan Yuhang , Shi Xin , Kiuchi Ryuta , Ruan Manqi , Jing Maoqiang , Yu Dan , Zhang Kaili , Lou Xinchou , Mo Xin , Li Gang , Jyotishmati Susmita 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC), proposed as a future Higgs boson factory, will operate at a center-of-mass energy of 240 GeV and will accumulate 5.6 ab−1 of integrated luminosity in 7 years. In this study, we estimate the upper limit of BR(

inv) for three independent channels, including two leptonic channels and one hadronic channel, at the CEPC. Based on the full simulation analysis, the upper limit of BR(

inv) could reach 0.26% at the 95% confidence level. In the Stand Model (SM), the Higgs boson can only decay invisibly via

, so any evidence of invisible Higgs decays that exceed BR(

inv) of the SM will indicate a phenomenon that is beyond the SM (BSM). The invariant mass resolution of the visible hadronic decay system

,

inv) is simulated, and the physics requirement at the CEPC detector for reaching this is given.
Successful clean energy technology transitions in emerging economies: learning from India, China, and Brazil
Authors: Khosla Radhika , Kamat Ajinkya Shrish , Narayanamurti Venkatesh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Technological innovation and widespread deployment of clean-energy technologies in emerging economies are critical for a global clean energy transition. Success or failure in this endeavour will have long-term energy and carbon consequences. A fundamental question exists about whether, and how, emerging economies can accelerate clean-energy transitions, given the unprecedented scales of their impending socio-economic and infrastructure transitions, and often-underdeveloped technological innovation capabilities and supporting finances. We reflect on this question by undertaking a retrospective analysis of past and recent large-scale rapid clean-energy technology transitions in the three largest emerging economies—of light emitting diodes in India, solar photovoltaics in China, and sugarcane ethanol fuel in Brazil—each of which grew out of an unexpected set of initial technological conditions and resulted in dramatic changes to the global technological landscape. In examining how each country overcame its conventional technological lag, we discuss synthetic lessons for accelerated clean-energy transitions in emerging economy contexts: the essential role of PSEs in leveraging economies of scale; complementarities between domestic policies and global value chains; and the continued importance of domestic R&D and academia-industry linkages. We argue that forging clean-energy pathways requires a holistic systems approach, with a shift from isolated policy approaches to a portfolio of coordinated innovation policies where demand, research and development, and manufacturing are all strategically developed.
Ethics and Privacy Considerations Before Deploying Sensor Technologies for Exposure Assessment in the Workplace: Results of a Structured Discussion Amongst Dutch Stakeholders
Authors: le Feber Maaike , Jadoenathmisier Trishala , Goede Henk , Kuijpers Eelco , Pronk Anjoeka 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Will sensor-based exposure assessment be the future in workplace settings? Static instruments with embedded sensors are already applied to monitor levels of dangerous substances—in the context of acute health effects—at critical locations. However, with wearable, lightweight, miniaturized (low-cost) sensors developing quickly, much more is possible with sensors in relation to exposure assessment. Sensors can be applied in the work environment, on machines, or on employees and may include sensors that measure chemical exposures, but also sensors or other technologies that collect contextual information to support the exposure measurements. Like every technology it also has downsides. Sensors collect data on individuals that, depending on the purpose, need to be shared with others (e.g. health, safety and environment manager). One can imagine that people are afraid of misuse. To explore possible ethical and privacy issues that may come along with the introduction of sensors in the workplace, we organized a workshop with stakeholders (n = 32) to discuss three possible sensor-based scenarios in a structured way around five themes: purpose, efficacy, intrusiveness, proportionality, and fairness. The main conclusion of the discussions was that stakeholders currently see benefits in using sensors for applied targeted studies (short periods, clear reasons). In order to find acceptance for the implementation of sensors, all individuals affected by the sensors or its data need to be involved in the decisions on the purpose and application of sensors. Possible negative side effects need to be discussed and addressed. Continuous sensor-based monitoring of workers currently appears to be a bridge too far for the participants of this workshop.