bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of 3‐month treatment outcome of IgG4‐DS based on BP artificial neural network
Authors: Shao Yanxiong , Wang Zhijun , Cao Ningning , Shi Huan , Xie Lisong , Fu Jiayao , Zheng Lingyan , Yu Chuangqi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to establish an effective back‐Propagation artificial neural network (BP‐ANN) model for automatic prediction of 3‐month treatment outcome of IgG4‐DS.MethodsA total of 26 IgG4‐DS patients at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were involved in the study. They were all followed for >3 months. The primary outcome was reduction of serum IgG4 (sIgG4) after 3‐month treatment. The association between risk factors and reduction of sIgG4 was analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation test. According to the R values, we built a BP‐ANN model by MATLAB R2019b.ResultsThe average reduction of sIgG4 was 5.55 ± 5.03. After Spearman's rank correlation test, ESR, sIgG4, and sIgG were independently associated with reduction of sIgG4 (p < .05) and were selected as input variables. Take into account these parameters, BP‐ANN model was developed and the coefficient of determination (R2) model was 0.95512.ConclusionThe BP‐ANN model based on ESR, sIgG4, and sIgG could predict the 3‐month reduction of sIgG4 for IgG4‐DS patients. It showed potential clinical application value.
Oropharyngeal cancer and osteoradionecrosis in a novel radiation era: a single institution analysis
Authors: Patel D. , Haria S. , Patel V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThis study investigates the incidence of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) in patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) since the use of intensity‐modulating radiation therapy (IMRT).Materials and methodsThe multi‐disciplinary log for head and neck cancer (HNC) at Guys & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust was used to identify and collect data on all patients with OPC and treated with a curative intent. Basic and oncology‐related demographic data were collected retrospectively. The presence and absence of ORN along with the causative factor was recorded.ResultsA total of 361 patients were available for analysis 1‐year post‐IMRT with the number decreasing to 129 patients at ≥5 years post‐IMRT. Thirty‐eight cases of ORN were identified from which 29 patients had necrotic areas in the region of pre‐RT dental extractions. The occurrence of spontaneous ORN was most evident within the first 2 years following RT while induced causes appear a steady lifelong threat particularly in the human papilloma virus (HPV)‐positive OPC group.ConclusionsThe introduction of novel targeted IMRT has not seen a significant reduction in the incidence of ORN with the condition of concern particularly evident in the HPV‐positive OPC group. These patients present with a relatively intact dentition receiving RT doses above the threshold for development of ORN. Additionally, the favourable long‐term survival of the HPV‐positve OPC population is likely to be contributory to the rise of cases seen which provides a clinical challenge the dental sector will have to proactively manage.
Difference Between Posterior Monteggia Fractures and Posterior Fracture‐Dislocation of Proximal Ulna in Adults
Authors: Liu Jun‐yang , Zhang Ji‐zheng , Wang Ye‐ming , Tian Xu , Dong Jing‐ming 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo figure out the difference between patients with posterior Monteggia fractures which were concomitant with proximal radioulnar joint (PRUJ) dislocation and posterior fracture‐dislocation of the proximal ulna that were not concomitant with PRUJ.MethodsFrom January 2016 to January 2019, 37 consecutive adult patients who had posterior fracture‐dislocation of proximal ulna (no PRUJ dislocation, n = 16) and posterior Monteggia fractures (PRUJ dislocation, n = 21) were included. All patients had intraoperative fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT) scans, and standard radiography (anteroposterior view and lateral view). The mechanism of injury, the cases with open fracture, sustained multiple injuries and classification of fracture was recorded. The clinical details of the patients such as the final range of motion (ROM) and the Broberg–Morrey scores were described.ResultsPatients with PRUJ dislocation (ten type A, five type B, and six type D) and those without concomitant PRUJ dislocation (fifteen type A and one type C) exhibited an obvious difference according to the classifications of Jupiter et al. (P = 0.010). Ninety‐five percent of patients who had PRUJ dislocation were accompanied by a metaphyseal fracture, while only 50% of the patients who did not have PRUJ dislocation were accompanied by a metaphyseal fracture (P = 0.002). Meanwhile, 16 of 20 metaphyseal fractures had more than one fragment in the group of dislocations, but five of eight metaphyseal fractures were comminuted in the control group. The two groups exhibited an obvious difference (P = 0.009). The 21 patients who sustained a radioulnar dislocation had less mean arc of flexion, pronation, and Broberg–Morrey scores were significantly less than the patients of the control group (flexion: 117.38 ± 14.46 vs 127.50 ± 13.416, P = 0.035; pronation: 59.76 ± 11.88 vs 67.50 ± 6.58, P = 0.017; Broberg–Morrey: 80.48 ± 12.17 vs 88.19 ± 10.28, P = 0.040).ConclusionsPatients suffering posterior Monteggia fractures had more metaphyseal fractures, more comminuted fractures of the metaphysis, and worse ultimate ulnohumeral motion than patients of posterior fracture‐dislocation of proximal ulna.
Act Consequentialism without Free Rides
Authors: Greene Preston , Levinstein Benjamin A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConsequentialist theories determine rightness solely based on real or expected consequences. Although such theories are popular, they often have difficulty with generalizing intuitions, which demand concern for questions like “What if everybody did that?” Rule consequentialism attempts to incorporate these intuitions by shifting the locus of evaluation from the consequences of acts to those of rules. However, detailed rule‐consequentialist theories seem ad hoc or arbitrary compared to act consequentialist ones. We claim that generalizing can be better incorporated into consequentialism by keeping the locus of evaluation on acts but adjusting the decision theory behind act selection. Specifically, we should adjust which types of dependencies the theory takes to be decision‐relevant. Using this strategy, we formulate a new theory, generalized act consequentialism, which we argue is more compelling than rule consequentialism both in modeling the actual reasoning of generalizers and in delivering correct verdicts.
Subjective ratings of fear are associated with frontal late positive potential asymmetry, but not with early brain activity over the occipital and centro‐parietal cortices
Authors: Grassini Simone , Sikka Pilleriin , Revonsuo Antti , Koivisto Mika 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe human frontal cortex is asymmetrically involved in motivational and affective processing. Several studies have shown that the left‐frontal hemisphere is related to positive and approach‐related affect, whereas the right‐frontal hemisphere is related to negative and withdrawal‐related affect. The present study aimed to investigate whether evolutionarily threatening stimuli modulate asymmetrical frontal activity. We examined hemispheric differences in frontal late positive potentials (f‐LPP asymmetry) and frontal alpha power activation (frontal alpha asymmetry, FAA) in response to images depicting snakes, spiders, butterflies, and birds. Results showed that the late component of f‐LPP asymmetry, but not FAA, was modulated by the category of stimuli. Specifically, threatening stimuli (snakes and spiders) evoked a relatively large late f‐LPP over the right‐frontal hemisphere than non‐threatening stimuli (birds and butterflies). Moreover, this relatively great right‐frontal activity was positively associated with the subjective ratings of fear. Importantly, the subjective ratings of fear were not associated with early brain activity over the occipital or centro‐parietal cortices. These results suggest that late f‐LPP asymmetry may reflect higher order affective processes, specifically the subjective appraisal of threatening stimuli and the subjective experience of fear, that are independent of the fast and automatic processing of evolutionarily significant and affectively arousing stimuli.
Materiality and Global Spiritual Networks: Old and new sacred places and objects
Authors: Rocha Cristina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, I am interested in how belief and religious materiality—sacred objects, places, infrastructures and digital media—are entangled in globalisation processes. Drawing on a case study of the John of God spiritual movement, I analyse the ways in which places and objects that have recently acquired sacred status enter into older, more established global spiritual networks, and by doing so are able to travel and ‘settle’ elsewhere. I argue that if we want to make sense of the place of religion in the world today, we need to link two fields of research on religion which have mostly developed separately: the fields of Material Religion and Globalisation of Religion. Furthermore, I contend that it is precisely because of its (mostly mobile) materiality that the John of God movement was able to survive somewhat after its charismatic leader was sentenced and jailed for sexual crimes in 2019.
Retrospective case analysis of antiviral therapies for HHV‐6 encephalitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Toomey Danny , Phan Tuan L. , Nguyen Vanessa , Phan Thommas T. , Ogata Masao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHuman herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) is one of the most common causes of encephalitis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There are no FDA‐approved treatments specifically for HHV‐6 encephalitis; HHV‐6 disease is typically treated with CMV antivirals. A review of antiviral medications used to treat HHV‐6 encephalitis was conducted by aggregating data from case reports found on PubMed. Articles were included if they examined at least one HCT patient diagnosed with HHV‐6 encephalitis and described their treatment course and outcome. Key data were abstracted from 123 cases described in 52 studies. The proportion of patients with encephalitis who died or developed sequelae was 63.6% among ganciclovir monotherapy recipients (n = 44), 55.3% among foscarnet monotherapy recipients (n = 47), and 37.5% among recipients of combination therapy with foscarnet and ganciclovir (n = 32). Logistic regression revealed that recipients of foscarnet (OR 4.286, 95% CI 1.235‐14.877, P = .022) and ganciclovir (OR 5.625, 95% CI 1.584‐19.975, P = .008) monotherapies were more likely to develop sequelae compared to recipients of combination therapy, respectively. In multivariate analyses, non‐cord blood transplant was identified as an independent risk factor for developing sequelae after receiving ganciclovir monotherapy (OR 5.999, 95% CI 1.274‐28.254, P = .023). There was no difference in mortality between patients who received combination therapy and those who received monotherapy. In conclusion, combination therapy with foscarnet and ganciclovir may reduce sequelae, but not mortality, secondary to HHV‐6 encephalitis.
Epidemiological characteristics of de novo hepatitis B infection in liver transplant recipients—An experience from a tertiary care centre in Qatar
Authors: Nair Arun P. , Sasi Sreethish , Al‐Maslamani Muna S. , Chandra Prem , Hashim Samar A. , Abu Jarir Sulieman , Derbala Moutaz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of hepatitis B surface antigen in a patient with previously negative hepatitis B virus (HBV) serology post‐orthotropic liver transplant (OTLX) is known as de novo hepatitis B (DNHB). As there are no data on patients with DNHB available from Qatar, we aim to do a pioneer study indexing their clinical profile and epidemiology of patients with DNHB in Qatar.Materials and MethodsThis descriptive epidemiological study was done by retrospectively reviewing records of 159 post‐OTLX patients. HBV serology of these patients post‐OTLX was reviewed, and 17 were identified as DNHB cases. Baseline epidemiological characteristics were defined and compared between DNHB cases and the rest. DNHB cases were analyzed statistically using the chi‐square test and Kaplan‐Meier curve.ResultsThe majority of the subjects were men (65%) and Qataris (40%). Mean age was 57.4 ± 12.5 years. Bulk of them underwent OTLX in China (44%). The overall incidence of DNHB was 10.7%, with transplants in China having significantly higher incidence than transplants from all other countries. The mortality rate was 23.5% in DNHB cases compared to 2.8% in non‐DNHB. 67% of patients survived at least 64 months after the diagnosis of DNHB. Five‐year survival did not vary significantly between those with DNHB and those without.ConclusionOrthotropic liver transplant in centers selecting donors liberally without screening for HBV poses the risk of DNHB. We recommend having protective levels of HBs antibodies before OTLX. Prophylactic antiviral treatment should be considered until peri‐operative HBV transmission has been excluded by screening hepatic tissue for HBV DNA.
Optimization of multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 system for highly efficient genome editing in Setaria viridis
Authors: Weiss Trevor , Wang Chunfang , Kang Xiaojun , Zhao Hui , Elena Gamo Maria , Starker Colby G. , Crisp Peter A. , Zhou Peng , Springer Nathan M. , Voytas Daniel F. , Zhang Feng 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYIn recent years, Setaria viridis has been developed as a model plant to better understand the C4 photosynthetic pathway in major crops. With the increasing availability of genomic resources for S. viridis research, highly efficient genome editing technologies are needed to create genetic variation resources for functional genomics. Here, we developed a protoplast assay to rapidly optimize the multiplexed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated (Cas9) system in S. viridis. Targeted mutagenesis efficiency was further improved by an average of 1.4‐fold with the exonuclease, Trex2. Distinctive mutation profiles were found in the Cas9_Trex2 samples, with 94% of deletions larger than 10 bp, and essentially no insertions at all tested target sites. Further analyses indicated that 52.2% of deletions induced by Cas9_Trex2, as opposed to 3.5% by Cas9 alone, were repaired through microhomology‐mediated end joining (MMEJ) rather than the canonical non‐homologous end joining DNA repair pathway. Combined with a robust Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation method with more than 90% efficiency, the multiplex CRISPR/Cas9_Trex2 system was demonstrated to induce targeted mutations in two tightly linked genes, svDrm1a and svDrm1b, at a frequency ranging from 73% to 100% in T0 plants. These mutations were transmitted to at least 60% of the transgene‐free T1 plants, with 33% of them containing bi‐allelic or homozygous mutations in both genes. This highly efficient multiplex CRISPR/Cas9_Trex2 system makes it possible to create a large mutant resource for S. viridis in a rapid and high throughput manner, and has the potential to be widely applicable in achieving more predictable and deletion‐only MMEJ‐mediated mutations in many plant species.
Potential markers of healing from near infrared spectroscopy imaging of venous leg ulcer. A randomized controlled clinical trial comparing conventional with hyperbaric oxygen treatment
Authors: Longobardi Pasquale , Hartwig Valentina , Santarella Luigi , Hoxha Klarida , Campos Jhonny , Laurino Marco , Salvo Pietro , Trivella Maria Giovanna , Coceani Flavio , Rocco Monica , L'Abbate Antonio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to ascertain whether the simultaneous measurement of hemoglobin O2 saturation (StO2) and dimension of venous leg ulcers (VLU) by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) imaging can predict the healing course with protocols employing a conventional treatment alone or in combination with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). NIRS 2D images of wound region were obtained in 81 patients with hard‐to‐heal VLU that had been assigned, in a randomized controlled clinical trial, to the following protocols: 30 HBOT sessions, adjunctive to the conventional therapy, either twice daily over 3 weeks (group A) or once daily over 6 weeks (group B), and conventional therapy without HBOT (group C). Seventy‐three patients completed the study with a total of 511 NIRS images being analyzed. At the end of treatment, wound area was significantly smaller in all three groups. However, at the 3‐week mark the wound area reduction tended to be less evident in group A than in the other groups. This trend continued up to the 6‐week end‐point when a significantly greater area reduction was found with group B (65.5%) and group C (56.8%) compared to group A (29.7%) (P < .01). Furthermore, a higher incidence of complete healing was noted with group B (20%) than with group A (4.5%) and group C (3.8%). When using a final wound reduction in excess of 40% to distinguish healing from nonhealing ulcers, it was found that only the former present NIRS StO2 values abating over the study period both at center and edge of lesions. In conclusion, NIRS analysis of StO2 and wound area can predict the healing course of VLU. Adjunctive HBOT significantly facilitates VLU healing compared to the conventional treatment alone. This positive action, however, becomes manifest only with a longer and less intensive treatment schedule.
Overproduction of a Dominant Mutant of the Conserved Era GTPase Inhibits Cell Division inEscherichia coli
Authors: Zhou Xiaomei , Peters Howard K. , Li Xintian , Costantino Nina , Kumari Vandana , Shi Genbin , Tu Chao , Cameron Todd A. , Haeusser Daniel P. , Vega Daniel E. , Ji Xinhua , Margolin William , Court Donald L. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTCell growth and division are coordinated, ensuring homeostasis under any given growth condition, with division occurring as cell mass doubles. The signals and controlling circuit(s) between growth and division are not well understood; however, it is known inEscherichia colithat the essential GTPase Era, which is growth rate regulated, coordinates the two functions and may be a checkpoint regulator of both. We have isolated a mutant of Era that separates its effect on growth and division. When overproduced, the mutant protein Era647 is dominant to wild-type Era and blocks division, causing cells to filament. Multicopy suppressors that prevent the filamentation phenotype of Era647 either increase the expression of FtsZ or decrease the expression of the Era647 protein. Excess Era647 induces complete delocalization of Z rings, providing an explanation for why Era647 induces filamentation, but this effect is probably not due to direct interaction between Era647 and FtsZ. The hypermorphicftsZ* allele at the native locus can suppress the effects of Era647 overproduction, indicating that extra FtsZ is not required for the suppression, but another hypermorphic allele that accelerates cell division through periplasmic signaling,ftsL*, cannot. Together, these results suggest that Era647 blocks cell division by destabilizing the Z ring.IMPORTANCEAll cells need to coordinate their growth and division, and small GTPases that are conserved throughout life play a key role in this regulation. One of these, Era, provides an essential function in the assembly of the 30S ribosomal subunit inEscherichia coli, but its role in regulatingE. colicell division is much less well understood. Here, we characterize a novel dominant negative mutant of Era (Era647) that uncouples these two activities when overproduced; it inhibits cell division by disrupting assembly of the Z ring, without significantly affecting ribosome production. The unique properties of this mutant should help to elucidate how Era regulates cell division and coordinates this process with ribosome biogenesis.
Men and Women Have Similar Neisseria gonorrhoeae Bacterial Loads: a Comparison of Three Anatomical Sites
Authors: van der Veer Brian M. J. W. , Hoebe Christian J. P. A. , Dukers-Muijrers Nicole H. T. M. , van Alphen Lieke B. , Wolffs Petra F. G. 
Published: August 2020

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
is a common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI). Currently, there are limited data on the bacterial load in both men and women and on both genital and extragenital sites. Therefore, we quantified
N. gonorrhoeae
bacterial loads in a large population of women, heterosexual men, and men who have sex with men (MSM) at three different anatomical sites.
N. gonorrhoeae
-positive samples (
n
= 1265) of STI clinic consultations (
n
= 944) were tested for
N. gonorrhoeae
with the Roche Cobas 4800 system, and quantification cycle (
Cq
) values were used as an inversely proportional measure for
N. gonorrhoeae
bacterial load after interpolation from a standard curve.
Heterogeneous trends in burden of heart disease mortality by subtypes in the United States, 1999-2018: observational analysis of vital statistics
Authors: Shah Nilay S , Molsberry Rebecca , Rana Jamal S , Sidney Stephen , Capewell Simon , O’Flaherty Martin , Carnethon Mercedes , Lloyd-Jones Donald M , Khan Sadiya S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To describe trends in the burden of mortality due to subtypes of heart disease from 1999 to 2018 to inform targeted prevention strategies and reduce disparities.

Design
Serial cross sectional analysis of cause specific heart disease mortality rates using national death certificate data in the overall population as well as stratified by race-sex, age, and geography.

Setting
United States, 1999-2018.

Participants
12.9 million decedents from total heart disease (49% women, 12% black, and 19% <65 years old).

Main outcome measures
Age adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) and years of potential life lost (YPLL) for each heart disease subtype, and respective mean annual percentage change.

Results
Deaths from total heart disease fell from 752 192 to 596 577 between 1999 and 2011, and then increased to 655 381 in 2018. From 1999 to 2018, the proportion of total deaths from heart disease attributed to ischemic heart disease decreased from 73% to 56%, while the proportion attributed to heart failure increased from 8% to 13% and the proportion attributed to hypertensive heart disease increased from 4% to 9%. Among heart disease subtypes, AAMR was consistently highest for ischemic heart disease in all subgroups (race-sex, age, and region). After 2011, AAMR for heart failure and hypertensive heart disease increased at a faster rate than for other subtypes. The fastest increases in heart failure mortality were in black men (mean annual percentage change 4.9%, 95% confidence interval 4.0% to 5.8%), whereas the fastest increases in hypertensive heart disease occurred in white men (6.3%, 4.9% to 9.4%). The burden of years of potential life lost was greatest from ischemic heart disease, but black-white disparities were driven by heart failure and hypertensive heart disease. Deaths from heart disease in 2018 resulted in approximately 3.8 million potential years of life lost.

Conclusions
Trends in AAMR and years of potential life lost for ischemic heart disease have decelerated since 2011. For almost all other subtypes of heart disease, AAMR and years of potential life lost became stagnant or increased. Heart failure and hypertensive heart disease account for the greatest increases in premature deaths and the largest black-white disparities and have offset declines in ischemic heart disease. Early and targeted primary and secondary prevention and control of risk factors for heart disease, with a focus on groups at high risk, are needed to avoid these suboptimal trends beginning earlier in life.