bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ecological factors on fine‐scale patterns of social structure in African lions
Authors: Mbizah Moreangels M. , Farine Damien R. , Valeix Marion , Hunt Jane E. , Macdonald David W. , Loveridge Andrew J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Environmental variations can influence the extent to which individuals interact with other individuals by changing the value of grouping. It is well known that many species can form and disband groups, often in response to the distribution and abundance of resources.

While previous studies showed that resources influence the broad‐scale structure of animal groups, knowledge gaps remain on whether they affect fine‐scale patterns of association among individuals within groups.

We quantify association patterns in African lions while simultaneously monitoring the abundance and distribution of prey. We test how social and ecological factors, including individual trait (age, sex, reproductive state) similarity and prey availability (prey abundance, dispersion, herd size and body size) affect within‐pride social structure in African lions.

We found that individual decisions about associates depended on resource availability with individuals associating equally across all members of the pride when prey herds were scarce, aggregated or large bodied, and associating more exclusively (in subgroups of preferred associates) when prey herds were abundant, dispersed or small bodied. Individuals within lion prides seemed to be buffering against changes in prey availability by modulating their strength and density of connections with conspecifics when prides split into subgroups. The strength and density of connections among individuals within subgroups was greater when prey herds were large and lower when prey herds were dispersed or are large bodied.

Our findings suggest that individual lions are making social decisions at both the subgroup level and the pride level, with decisions representing putatively fitness‐enhancing strategies. Individuals were typically shifting between having few strong connections and having many weaker connections depending on prevailing ecological conditions, with prey abundance, dispersion and body size having the greatest impact on decisions about splitting into subgroups. The maintenance of connections within prides and subgroups in the face of ecological change suggests that the fission–fusion nature of lion prides might be essential for the long‐term maintenance of social connections even when short‐term conditions do not allow them. More broadly, our study reveals how fission–fusion dynamics and ecological factors can simultaneously have an effect on animals across multiple levels of sociality.
Predictors of work engagement: Drawing on job demands–resources theory and public service motivation
Authors: Mussagulova Assel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe scholarship on work engagement has proliferated in the past several decades, building a solid body of evidence for its role in positive achievements at, and attitudes to, work. Similarly, public service motivation (PSM) became a permanent fixture in the public sector management research, having generated insights on predisposition to serving the public and its impact on performance of civil servants. However, there is limited evidence on the relationship between PSM and work engagement. To address this gap, we surveyed 218 civil servants occupying mid‐level management positions in the civil service of a small European country of Moldova. Using moderation analysis, we find that higher PSM strengthens the positive impact of some job resources, such as perceived social impact on work engagement, whereas lower PSM makes the negative effect of some job demands, such as red tape, more pronounced. This highlights the importance of PSM in work engagement of mid‐career managers, and its role as both an enhancer and a coping mechanism.We find that high public service motivation (PSM) strengthens the positive relationship between work engagement and job resources, whereas low PSM makes the negative impact of job demands on work engagement more pronounced. To improve work engagement, public agencies should help employees understand how their individual efforts contribute to the overall prosocial impact of the public service.
Assessment of innovation and foreign direct investment: An investigation of OECD countries
Authors: Li Boying , Chang Chun‐Ping , Zheng Mingbo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUsing a panel cointegration method incorporating structural breaks and cross‐sectional dependence, this paper explores the long‐run equilibrium relationship between innovation and foreign direct investment (FDI) in 30 OECD countries. The results from the panel stationary test show that FDI and innovation variables follow a stationary process with several structural breaks over the period 1999–2018. The results also suggest an equilibrium relationship with structural breaks between FDI and innovation in OECD countries. The panel dynamic OLS model with breaks further reveals that FDI is positively associated with innovation performance and vice versa in OECD countries. Therefore, this paper sheds light on the relationship between FDI and innovation in OECD countries.
Suburbanization of the Self: Religious Revival and SocioSpatial Fragmentation in Contemporary Poland
Authors: Pobłocki Kacper 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, I trace the elective affinity between planetary suburbanization and emergent forms of radical religiosity. I show how the centuries‐long spatial hegemony of the Catholic Church in Poland has recently been undermined by the ‘fundamentalist' broadcaster Radio Maryja—the bellwether of the Polish right‐wing nationalist resurgence. I describe the twentieth‐century suburbanization of both the state and Catholicism in Poland, supported by an analysis of a village‐cum‐suburb in one of Poland's largest agglomerations. I show how the latest wave of suburbanization, triggered by Poland's opening up to global flows of capital in 2004, ran parallel to the emergence of a ‘post‐secular', ‘individual' and ‘intellectual' strain of faith. I tie these in with the life stories and changes in gender and labour regimes of two key informants. I also show that the surge of right‐wing nationalism should not be understood as a backlash against neoliberalization, but that it represents instead a project of regime change and new elite formation.
Spatial accessibility to colonoscopy and its role in predicting late‐stage colorectal cancer
Authors: Zahnd Whitney E. , Josey Michele J. , Schootman Mario , Eberth Jan M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo better determine the relationship between spatial access to colonoscopy and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes, our objective was to examine the agreement of the classic, enhanced, and variable two‐step floating catchment area (2SFCA) methods in evaluating spatial access to colonoscopy and to compare the predictive validity of each method related to late‐stage CRC. 2SFCA methods simultaneously consider supply/demand of services and impedance (ie, travel time).Data SourcesColonoscopy provider locations were obtained from the South Carolina Ambulatory Surgery Database. ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) level population estimates and area‐level poverty level were obtained from the American Community Survey. Rurality was determined by the United States Department of Agriculture's Rural‐Urban Commuting Area codes. Individual‐level CRC data were obtained from the South Carolina Central Cancer Registry.Study DesignUsing the classic, enhanced, and variable 2SFCA methods, we calculated ZCTA‐level spatial access to colonoscopy. We assessed agreement between the three methods by calculating Spearman's rank coefficients and weighted Kappas (Κ). Global and Local Moran's I were used to assess spatial clustering of accessibility scores across 2SFCA methods. We performed multilevel logistic regression analyses to examine the association between spatial accessibility to colonoscopy, area‐ and individual‐level factors, and late‐stage CRC.Principal FindingsWe found strong agreement (Weighted Κ = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.79‐0.86) and identified similar clustering patterns with the classic and enhanced 2SFCA methods. There was negligible agreement among the classic/enhanced 2SFCA and the variable 2SFCA. Across all 2SFCA methods, regression models showed that spatial access to colonoscopy, rurality, and poverty level were not associated with greater odds of late‐stage CRC, though Black race was associated with late‐stage CRC across all models.ConclusionsNone of the 2SFCA methods showed an association with late‐stage CRC. Future studies should explore which elements (spatial or nonspatial) of access to care have the greatest impact on CRC outcomes.
Interactions between cell wall polysaccharides and polyphenols: Effect of molecular internal structure
Authors: Liu Xuwei , Le Bourvellec Carine , Renard Catherine M. G. C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCell wall polysaccharides (CPSs) and polyphenols are major constituents of the dietary fiber complex in plant‐based foods. Their digestion (by gut microbiota) and bioefficacy depend not only on their structure and quantity, but also on their intermolecular interactions. The composition and structure of these compounds vary with their dietary source (i.e., fruit or vegetable of origin) and can be further modified by food processing. Various components and structures of CPSs and polyphenols have been observed to demonstrate common and characteristic behaviors during interactions. However, at a fundamental level, the mechanisms that ultimately drive these interactions are still not fully understood. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the internal factors that influence CPS–polyphenol interactions, describes the different ways in which these interactions can be mediated by molecular composition or structure, and introduces the main methods for the analysis of these interactions, as well as the mechanisms involved. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview is provided of recent key findings in the area of CPS–polyphenol interactions. It is becoming clear that these interactions are shaped by a multitude of factors, the most important of which are the physicochemical properties of the partners: their morphology (surface area and porosity/pore shape), chemical composition (sugar ratio, solubility, and non‐sugar components), and molecular architecture (molecular weight, degree of esterification, functional groups, and conformation). An improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive interactions between CPSs and polyphenols may allow us to better establish a bridge between food processing and the bioavailability of colonic fermentation products from CPSs and antioxidant polyphenols, which could ultimately lead to the development of new guidelines for the design of healthier and more nutritious foods.
Correlation between saw blade width and kerf width
Authors: Menschel Melissa , Pokines James T. , Reinecke Gary 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMost studies of saw marks have focused on morphological characteristics and their utility in identifying saws suspected to have been utilized in cases of criminal dismemberment. The present study examined the extent to which metric analysis may be used to correlate saw blade measurements with minimum kerf widths (MKWs). A sample of 56 partially defleshed white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) long bones was utilized as proxy for human remains. The long bones were cut using a variety of commercially available saws, including 11 manual‐powered and 5 mechanical‐powered saws. A total of 496 false start kerfs (FSKs) were created. Two experiments were performed, with the first test examining the MKWs of FSKs produced on specimens that were restrained using a bench vise, while the second test analyzed the MKWs of FSKs produced on minimally restrained specimens. Statistical analysis using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) indicated a positive relationship between saw blade width (mm) and MKW, with blade width (p < 0.001) and the overall difference between the mechanical‐ and manual‐powered saws (p = 0.029) tested, reaching statistical significance. A comparison of MKWs produced using manual‐powered saws on restrained and minimally restrained bones suggests that restraint condition (p = 0.009) has a statistically significant effect. In comparisons of MKWs to blade widths, the average ratio for mechanical‐powered saws is 18.7% greater than the average ratio for manual‐powered saws. While the mode of the ratios was 1.42, thus supporting the general rule that MKW does not exceed 1.5 times blade width, multiple individual ratios did surpass 1.5.
Membrane disruption of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum induced by myriocin from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LZN01
Authors: Wang Hengxu , Wang Zhigang , Liu Zeping , Wang Kexin , Xu Weihui 
Published: September 2020

SummaryMyriocin, which is produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LZN01, can inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon). In the present study, the antifungal mechanism of myriocin against Fon was investigated with a focus on the effects of myriocin on the cell membrane. Myriocin decreased the membrane fluidity and destroyed the membrane integrity of Fon. Significant microscopic morphological changes, including conidial shrinkage, the appearance of larger vacuoles and inhomogeneity of electron density, were observed in myriocin‐treated cells. A membrane‐targeted mechanism of action was also supported by transcriptomic and proteomic analyses; a total of 560 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 285 common differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. The DEGs were further verified by using RT‐qPCR. The combined analysis between the transcriptome and proteome revealed that the expression of some membrane‐related genes and proteins, mainly those related to sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, ABC transporters and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, was disordered. Myriocin affected the serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT) activity as evidenced through molecular docking. Our results indicate that myriocin has significant antifungal activity owing to its ability to induce membrane damage in Fon.
Klotho overexpression improves amyloid‐β clearance and cognition in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhao Yue , Zeng Chen‐Ye , Li Xiao‐Hong , Yang Ting‐Ting , Kuang Xi , Du Jun‐Rong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia, characterized by the presence of amyloid‐β (Aβ) plaques. We previously reported that Klotho lowered Aβ levels in the brain and protected against cognitive deficits in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1(APP/PS1) mice. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we induced intracerebral Klotho overexpression in 13‐month‐old APP/PS1 mice by injecting lentivirus that carried full‐length mouse Klotho cDNA in the lateral ventricle of the brain. We examined the effects of Klotho overexpression on cognition, Aβ burden, Aβ‐related neuropathology, microglia transformation, and Aβ transport systems in vivo. Additionally, we investigated the effects of Klotho on Aβ transport at the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier by knocking down Klotho in primary human choroid plexus epithelial cells (HCPEpiCs). The upregulation of Klotho levels in the brain and serum significantly ameliorated Aβ burden, neuronal and synaptic loss and cognitive deficits in aged APP/PS1 mice. Klotho treatment significantly inhibited NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and the subsequent transformation of microglia to the M2 type that may enhance microglia‐mediated Aβ clearance. Meanwhile, Klotho overexpression also regulated Aβ transporter expression, which may promote Aβ transporter‐mediated Aβ clearance. Moreover, the ability of HCPEpiCs to transport Aβ in vitro was also significantly impaired by Klotho knockdown. Given the neuroprotective effect of Klotho overexpression, the present findings suggest that Klotho should be further investigated as a potential therapeutic target for AD.
Conditioned odor aversion as a tool for reducing post‐release predation during animal translocations
Authors: Tobajas J. , Descalzo E. , Villafuerte R. , Jimenez J. , Mateo R. , Ferreras P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPredation is a key factor in prey population dynamics and could impact population recovery. One common means employed to recover prey populations is that of translocations, but most fail owing to high predation during the early stages. We tested whether conditioned odor aversion can reduce predation during animal translocations by using the predation of the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus by the red fox Vulpes vulpes as a case study. Following a before‐after control‐impact design (BACI), we deployed bait stations monitored using camera‐traps in two zones to which rabbits were translocated. One week before the rabbits were released, microencapsulated levamisole was added to rabbit baits located in the treatment zones, along with vanilla essence as an odor cue. A total of 148 rabbits were distributed in artificial warrens with the odor cue and 68 of them were fitted with radio collars in order to determine their survival rates. The response to the treatment and translocation as regards subsequent rabbit abundance was evaluated using N‐mixture models, while rabbit establishment was evaluated using a warren use index (WUI). The treatment decreased the proportion of baits consumed by foxes, but this decrease was partially compensated by other predators. WUI and rabbit population growth increased significantly more after translocations in the treatment zones than in the control zones. The short‐term survival of translocated rabbits was also higher in the treatment zones than in the control zones. Our study showed that conditioned odor aversion reduced rabbit predation by foxes, and had a positive effect on rabbit population growth after translocation, since there was an increase in rabbit survival and warren establishment. This method could be used as a non‐lethal tool for the recovery of a key prey when carrying out programs concerning the reintroduction of endangered predators or for other vulnerable species requiring translocations.
Frequency of use, moral incongruence and religiosity and their relationships with self‐perceived addiction to pornography, internet use, social networking and online gaming
Authors: Lewczuk Karol , Nowakowska Iwona , Lewandowska Karolina , Potenza Marc N. , Gola Mateusz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsMoral incongruence involves disapproval of a behavior in which people engage despite their moral beliefs. Although considerable research has been conducted on how moral incongruence relates to pornography use, potential roles for moral incongruence in other putative behavioral addictions have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of moral incongruence in self‐perceived addiction to: (i) pornography; (ii) internet addiction; (iii) social networking; and (iv) online gaming.DesignA cross‐sectional, preregistered, online survey using multivariable regression.SettingOnline study conducted in Poland.Participants1036 Polish adults aged between 18 and 69 years.MeasurementsMeasures included self‐perceived behavioral addiction to pornography, internet use, social networking and online gaming and their hypothesized determinants (moral incongruence, frequency of use, time of use, religiosity, age and gender).FindingsHigher moral incongruence (β = 0.20, P < 0.001) and higher religiosity (β = 0.08, P < 0.05) were independently associated with higher self‐perceived addiction to pornography. Additionally, frequency of pornography use was the strongest of the analyzed predictors (β = 0.43, P < 0.001). A similar, positive relationship between high moral incongruence and self‐perceived addiction was also present for internet (β = 0.16, P < 0.001), social networking (β = 0.18, P < 0.001) and gaming addictions (β = 0.16, P < 0.001). Religiosity was uniquely, although weakly, connected to pornography addiction, but not to other types of addictive behaviors.ConclusionsMoral incongruence may be positively associated with self‐perception of behavioral addictions including not only pornography viewing, but also internet use, social networking and online gaming.
Pelvic endometriosis and natural killer cell immunity
Authors: Fukui Atsushi , Mai Chuxian , Saeki Shinichiro , Yamamoto Mayu , Takeyama Ryu , Kato Toru , Ukita Yuji , Wakimoto Yu , Yamaya Ayano , Shibahara Hiroaki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEndometriosis is a chronic disease that commonly affects women in their reproductive age. It has been reported that the infertility due to endometriosis is largely caused by pelvic adhesion, oocyte damage, and so on. There are several causes of endometriosis including bacterial infections, immunological abnormalities, epigenetics, and aberrant DNA methylation. The natural killer (NK) cells present in the peritoneal fluid express CD16 and CD56. They also express NK cell inhibitory receptors and activating receptors and usually work to eliminate endometrial cells in the retrograde menstruation. However, in women with endometriosis, the changes in these receptors and production of cytokines by NK cells cause the onset and progression of endometriosis. In this review, we have focused on the role of NK cells in pelvic endometriosis and presented the immunological abnormalities in endometriosis including the possibility of future treatment.
Active Today, Replenished Tomorrow? How Daily Physical Activity Diminishes Next‐Morning Depletion
Authors: Rost Emily A. , Glasgow Trevin E. , Calderwood Charles 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundPhysical activity is a salient input to psychological health and well‐being. Recent applied psychology research suggests that physical activity of a greater intensity is particularly important for recovery from work‐related effort expenditure. However, whether and how moderate‐to‐vigorous levels of physical activity influence recovery outside of working populations remains unclear. Further, the process through which this relationship unfolds on a day‐to‐day basis has yet to be mapped.MethodWe conducted a 10‐day daily diary study in a sample of 66 college students that incorporated objective measurements of physical activity and sleep to address these research gaps.ResultsWe found that higher levels of daily moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity were associated with leisure‐time psychological detachment from daily school demands, which in turn related to longer duration sleep that diminished next‐morning depletion.DiscussionWe discuss how our findings advance a dynamic perspective of the intersection of physical activity and recovery from day‐to‐day that can be applied outside of working populations.