bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ordo-Silurian assemblage in the Indochina interior: Geochronological, elemental, and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf-O isotopic constraints of early Paleozoic granitoids in South Laos
Authors: Wang Yuejun , Zhang Yuzhi , Qian Xin , Senebouttalath Vongpaseuth , Wang Yang , Wang Yukun , Gan Chengshi , Zaw Khin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn order to verify the early Paleozoic accretionary assemblage in the Indochina interior and constrain the Prototethyan tectonic evolution in Southeast Asia, this study presents a set of new U-Pb geochronological, elemental, and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf-O isotopic data for the fifty-two representative granitoids in South Laos. The granitoids from the Kontum terrane, Tam Ky-Phuoc Son tectonic zone, and southern Truong Son igneous zone in South Laos yield the crystallization ages of 464–485 Ma, 455–471 Ma, and 427–446 Ma, respectively, with a northerly younging trend within the Indochina interior. They are mainly monzogranite with A/CNK = 0.96–1.99 and K2O &gt; Na2O, which are marked by enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements and depletion in high field strength elements with remarkable Nb-Ta, Sr-P, and Ti negative anomalies. Their initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from 0.70510 to 0.71559, εNd(t) from −9.5 to −3.0, (206Pb/204Pb)i from 18.65 to 19.72, (207Pb/204Pb)i from 15.66 to 15.80, and (208Pb/ 204Pb)i from 38.84 to 39.79. The corresponding zircon ɛHf(t) and δ18O values are in the range of −10.6 to +1.0 and 6.88‰ to 8.94‰, respectively. In addition, their Sr-Nd-Pb and Hf-O isotopic compositions are generally similar with those of time-equivalent granitoids in South Tibet and SW Yunnan, China, and synchronous mafic-intermediate igneous rocks in South Laos, but distinctive from those of the supracrustal sedimentary-derived South China Paleozoic granite and Lincang-Sukhothai S-type granite. The early Paleozoic granitoids in South Laos might have originated from a mixed source of the wedge-derived juvenile crust coupled with supracrustal materials. All these data synthetically suggest the southward subduction of the Tam Ky-Phuoc Son Ocean and the northerly on-growing Ordo-Silurian accretionary orogenesis within the previously defined “single-ancient” Indochina block. The assemblage of the Indochina block might initiate at ca. 430 Ma in the Silurian and terminate in the Early-Middle Devonian.
Epidemiology of visual impairment, sight-threatening or treatment-requiring
diabetic eye disease in children and young people in the UK: findings from
DECS
Authors: Ibanez-Bruron Maria Carolina , Solebo Ameenat Lola , Cumberland Phillippa , Rahi Jugnoo S 
Published: June 2020

Background
We investigated the incidence and causes of sight-threatening
diabetes-related eye disease in children living with diabetes in the UK, to
inform the national eye screening programme and enable monitoring of
trends.

Methods
We undertook a prospective active national surveillance via the British
Ophthalmic Surveillance Unit. Eligible cases were children aged 18 years or
younger, with type 1 or 2 diabetes, newly diagnosed between January 2015 and
February 2017 with sight-threatening diabetic eye disease.

Results
Eight children were reported. The annual incidence of all
sight-threatening diabetes-related eye disease requiring referral to an
ophthalmologist among children living with diabetes (n=8) in the UK was 1.21
per 10 000 person-years (95% CI 0.52 to 2.39) and was largely attributable to
cataract (n=5) 0.76 per 10 000 person-years (95% CI 0.25 to 1.77). The
incidence of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (n=3) among those eligible
for screening (12 to 18 year-olds living with diabetes) was 1.18 per 10 000
person-years (95% CI 0.24 to 3.46). No subjects eligible for certification as
visually impaired or blind were reported.

Conclusions
Secondary prevention of visual disability due to retinopathy is currently
the sole purpose of national eye screening programmes globally. However, the
rarity of treatment-requiring retinopathy in children/young people living with
diabetes, alongside growing concerns about suboptimal screening uptake, merit
new consideration of the utility of screening for primary prevention of
diabetes-related morbidity by using the screening event and findings as a
catalyst for better diabetes self-management.
Spending and quality after three years of Medicare’s bundled payments for medical conditions: quasi-experimental difference-in-differences study
Authors: Rolnick Joshua A , Liao Joshua M , Emanuel Ezekiel J , Huang Qian , Ma Xinshuo , Shan Eric Z , Dinh Claire , Zhu Jingsan , Wang Erkuan , Cousins Deborah , Navathe Amol S 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether longer term participation in the bundled payments for care initiative (BPCI) for medical conditions in the United States, which held hospitals financially accountable for all spending during an episode of care from hospital admission to 90 days after discharge, was associated with changes in spending, mortality, or health service use.DesignQuasi-experimental difference-in-differences analysis.SettingUS hospitals participating in bundled payments for acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or pneumonia, and propensity score matched to non-participating hospitals.Participants238 hospitals participating in the Bundled Payments for Care Improvement initiative (BPCI) and 1415 non-BPCI hospitals. 226 BPCI hospitals were matched to 700 non-BPCI hospitals.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were total spending on episodes and death 90 days after discharge. Secondary outcomes included spending and use by type of post-acute care. BPCI and non-BPCI hospitals were compared by patient, hospital, and hospital market characteristics. Market characteristics included population size, competitiveness, and post-acute bed supply.ResultsIn the 226 BPCI hospitals, episodes of care totaled 261 163 in the baseline period and 93 562 in the treatment period compared with 211 208 and 78 643 in the 700 matched non-BPCI hospitals, respectively, with small differences in hospital and market characteristics after matching. Differing trends were seen for some patient characteristics (eg, mean age change −0.3 years at BPCI hospitals v non- BPCI hospitals, P<0.001). In the adjusted analysis, participation in BPCI was associated with a decrease in total episode spending (−1.2%, 95% confidence interval −2.3% to −0.2%). Spending on care at skilled nursing facilities decreased (−6.3%, −10.0% to −2.5%) owing to a reduced number of facility days (−6.2%, −9.8% to −2.6%), and home health spending increased (4.4%, 1.4% to 7.5%). Mortality at 90 days did not change (−0.1 percentage points, 95% confidence interval −0.5 to 0.2 percentage points).ConclusionsIn this longer term evaluation of a large national programme on medical bundled payments in the US, participation in bundles for four common medical conditions was associated with savings at three years. The savings were generated by practice changes that decreased use of high intensity care after hospital discharge without affecting quality, which also suggests that bundles for medical conditions could require multiple years before changes in savings and practice emerge.
Radiation-induced Adaptive Response: New Potential for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Coleman C. Norman , Eke Iris , Makinde Adeola Y. , Chopra Sunita , Demaria Sandra , Formenti Silvia C. , Martello Shannon , Bylicky Michelle , Mitchell James B. , Aryankalayil Molykutty J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Radiotherapy is highly effective due to its ability to physically focus the treatment to target the tumor while sparing normal tissue and its ability to be combined with systemic therapy. This systemic therapy can be utilized before radiotherapy as an adjuvant or induction treatment, during radiotherapy as a radiation “sensitizer,” or following radiotherapy as a part of combined modality therapy. As part of a unique concept of using radiation as “focused biology,” we investigated how tumors and normal tissues adapt to clinically relevant multifraction (MF) and single-dose (SD) radiation to observe whether the adaptations can induce susceptibility to cell killing by available drugs or by immune enhancement. We identified an adaptation occurring after MF (3 × 2 Gy) that induced cell killing when AKT-mTOR inhibitors were delivered following cessation of radiotherapy. In addition, we identified inducible changes in integrin expression 2 months following cessation of radiotherapy that differ between MF (1 Gy × 10) and SD (10 Gy) that remain targetable compared with preradiotherapy. Adaptation is reflected across different “omics” studies, and thus the range of possible molecular targets is not only broad but also time, dose, and schedule dependent. While much remains to be studied about the radiation adaptive response, radiation should be characterized by its molecular perturbations in addition to physical dose. Consideration of the adaptive effects should result in the design of a tailored radiotherapy treatment plan that accounts for specific molecular changes to be targeted as part of precision multimodality cancer treatment.
Theophylline as an Add-On to Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Modrau Boris , Andersen Grethe , Mikkelsen Irene Klærke , Nielsen Anne , Hansen Mikkel Bo , Johansen Martin Berg , Eskildsen Helle Wulf , Povlsen Jan Plougmann , Yavarian Yousef , Mouridsen Kim , Østergaard Leif , Bach Flemming Winther , Hjort Niels 
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose:
Delayed recanalization increases the risk of infarct growth and poor clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke. The vasoactive agent theophylline has shown neuroprotective effects in animal stroke models but inconclusive results in case series and randomized clinical trials. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate whether theophylline, as an add-on to thrombolytic therapy, is safe and effective in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Methods:
The TEA-Stroke trial (The Theophylline in Acute Ischemic Stroke) was an investigator-initiated 2-center, proof-of-concept, phase II clinical study with a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design. The main inclusion criteria were magnetic resonance imaging–verified acute ischemic stroke, moderate to severe neurological deficit (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of ≥4), and treatment with thrombolysis within 4.5 hours of onset. Participants were randomly assigned in the ratio 1:1 to either 220 mg of intravenous theophylline or placebo. The co-primary outcomes were early clinical improvement on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and infarct growth on magnetic resonance imaging at 24-hour follow-up.

Results:

Theophylline as an add-on to thrombolytic therapy improved the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at 24 hours by mean 4.7 points (SD, 5.6) compared with an improvement of 1.3 points (SD, 7.5) in the control group (
P
=0.044). Mean infarct growth was 141.6% (SD, 126.5) and 104.1% (SD, 62.5) in the theophylline and control groups, respectively (
P
=0.146). Functional independence at 90 days was 61% in the theophylline group and 58% in the control group (
P
=0.802).

Conclusions:
This proof-of-concept trial investigated theophylline administration as an add-on to thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke. The co-primary end points early clinical improvement and infarct growth at 24-hour follow-up were not significantly different after post hoc correction for multiplicity (Bonferroni technique). The small study size precludes a conclusion as to whether theophylline has a neuroprotective effect but provides a promising clinical signal that may support a future clinical trial.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: EudraCT number 2013-001989-42.
Celebrating Sultan Nevruz: Between Theological Debate and Multi-Framed Practice in Contemporary Albania
Authors: Bria Gianfranco 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This work analyses the historical developments and the acculturation of Sultan nevruz’s rite in post-socialist Albania. The general aim of this work is to examine the intertwining of social and cultural transformations with different religious discourses (native/foreign or Bektashi/sunni legacies) in Albanian society, which is shaped by communist patterns (nationalistic and secularistic heritage) and by post-socialist transformation (pluralisation). Firstly, it analyses public narratives and counter-narratives that Bektashi and other authorities produce about nevruz merging positivistic science, nationalistic rhetoric and ʿAlī’s venerations; finally, the paper focuses on worship diversification and subjectivities by believers that could build their own individual religiosity embodying, recreating or reworking the discourses of “correctness” framed by Islamic authorities.
Al-Karkh: the Development of an Imāmī-Shīʿī Stronghold in Early Abbasid and Būyid Baghdad (132-447/750-1055)
Authors: Neggaz Nassima 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Following the foundation of Baghdad by Caliph al-Manṣūr (r. 136-158/754-775) in 145/762, the neighbourhood of al-Karkh attracted many Imāmī scholars, becoming the centre of the Imāmī wikāla (network of deputies of the Imām) in the late 3rd/9th century, and then the heart of the Imāmī ḥawza (seminary) and the rationalist school of theology which developed under the Būyids (333-447/945-1055). Al-Karkh also became the centre of a popular movement of Imāmī-Shīʿa; from the Būyid period onward, the latter played a significant role in the social and political life of the city until its fall under the Mongol invasion of 656/1258. From the point of view of the micro-history, this article investigates the incubation of the Imāmī-Shīʿī movement in this suburban area of the city, bringing together topography and social history data from medieval geography manuals, historical chronicles, local histories, biographical dictionaries, poetry, and travellers’ accounts. More than a quarter, al-Karkh acted as a city within Baghdad; repeatedly destroyed and burnt down, its history sheds light on urban life in the Abbasid capital, and on the development of Imāmī-Shīʿism during its formative period.
World as (Arabic) Text: Mīr Dāmād and the Neopythagoreanization of Philosophy in Safavid Iran
Authors: Melvin-Koushki Matthew 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The heavily Neoplatonic and antiquarian-perennialist tenor of Safavid philosophy is now widely recognized by specialists; but few have acknowledged its equally notable Neopythagorean turn. Likewise, that the primary mode of applied Neoplatonic-Neopythagorean philosophy as a Safavid imperial way of life was occult science has been ignored altogether, making impossible a history of its practice. The case of the Twelver Shiʿi sage-mage Mīr Dāmād – famed down to the present as an occult scientist – is here especially illustrative: for he was largely responsible for this Neopythagoreanization of Safavid philosophy, which saw the remarkable transmogrification of Ibn Sīnā himself into a Neopythagorean-occultist, by his espousal of a peculiarly Mamluk-Timurid-Aqquyunlu brand of philosophical lettrism (ʿilm al-ḥurūf) in at least three of his many works. The example of this imperial Neopythagoreanizing lettrist is thus crucial for understanding the intellectual and religiopolitical continuity of Safavid Shiʿi culture with Sunni precedent, as well as contemporary Persianate and Latinate parallels. Within Western history of science more broadly, Mīr Dāmād and the host of his fellow Muslim kabbalists must now be restored to the master mathesis narrative whereby scientific modernity is but the upshot of early modern Western philosophers’ penchant for reading the world as a mathematical text.
Les Imams et les Ghulāt. Nouvelles réflexions sur les relations entre imamisme « modéré » et shiʿisme « extrémiste »
Authors: Amir-Moezzi Mohammad Ali 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
L’article examine la complexité voire la confusion qui marque la notion de ghulūw à travers l’étude des ouvrages hérésiologiques et doctrinaux dans leur grande diversité. L’étude montre que tous les thèmes qualifiés d’« extrémistes » se trouvent intégrés, d’une façon ou d’une autre, dans le corpus doctrinal shiʿite dit « modéré » ; tous sauf un : l’antinomisme (ibāḥa). A l’époque pré-bouyide, le ghulūw consistait-il principalement en ibāḥa ? Il s’agit d’une nouvelle problématique à ajouter au dossier de l’hypothèse de l’auteur, examinée dans plusieurs études antérieures, selon laquelle une distinction nette entre un shiʿisme « modéré » et un shiʿisme « extrémiste » semble tardive et idéologiquement orientée.
Islamic Theology in Thirty Topics: a Yemeni Zaydī Tradition Preserved in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana
Authors: Lucas Scott 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
For five centuries, Yemeni Zaydī scholars composed theological works that adhered to a thirty-topic framework. This article identifies the origins of this framework in a treatise by Qāḍī Jaʿfar al-Buhlūlī (d. 573/1177-1178) and shows that four Zaydī scholars who lived in the decades following him adopted it in at least some of their writings. I then trace the development of commentaries and versifications on the two core texts of the thirty topics tradition, Aḥmad al-Raṣṣāṣ’s (d. 621/1224) Miṣbāḥ al-ʿulūm and his al-Khulāṣa al-nāfiʿa. Altogether, I identify eighteen Zaydī writings that follow the thirty-topic framework, seventeen of which are held in manuscript in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan. The article concludes with critical editions of excerpts from three commentaries on Miṣbāḥ al-ʿulūm on the topic of the Prophet Muḥammad’s intercession on Judgement Day.
Misplaced Verses: a Qurʾānic Hermeneutic of One Early Shiite Approach
Authors: Witztum Joseph 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
While contemporary scholars usually highlight Shiite claims concerning the omission, addition or alteration of words in the Qurʾān, the claims about the compilation of the text have not received sufficient attention beyond the pioneering work of Ignaz Goldziher. This article expands on Goldziher’s comments, which focused on the commentary of ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-Qummī, by examining the related works of Saʿd b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Qummī and Muḥammad b. Ibrāhim al-Nuʿmānī as well. A few examples are studied in detail with a focus on the exegetical logic behind the Shiite claims and on the continuity and break with Sunni exegetical traditions. Also examined is the relationship of these Shiite claims to the critiques of the Qurʾān put forth by heretics in the eighth and ninth centuries.
Opioid Prescribing and Use After Pediatric Umbilical Hernia Repair
Authors: Lee Matthew L. , Camp Lauren B. , Raval Mehul V. , Huang Eunice Y. 
Published: June 2020

Background Opioid overuse is a concern in adult and pediatric populations. Physician education may improve appropriate opioid prescribing and patient instruction for use. Prescribing and use of opioid for pain control after pediatric umbilical hernia repair (UH) before and after surgeon education was evaluated. This is a substudy of a multi-institutional study assessing prescribing practice before and after surgeon education. This study further assessed patient prescription filling pattern and parent report of pain control. Methods A retrospective study was performed evaluating children who underwent UH 6 months before and after an educational presentation on opioid use. Prescriptions, prescription fills, patient medication use, and pain control effectiveness were assessed. Adverse events were collected. Results There were 78 subjects in the pre- and 99 in the posteducation group. Opioid prescribed changed from 98.7% to 61.6% ( P < .0001), and nonopioid prescriptions increased following education ( P = .0063). The number of opioid prescriptions filled decreased ( P = .0296). There were limited data on opioid doses used and quality of pain control, but the posteducation group showed good pain control. There was no difference in adverse events. Discussion Surgeon education on current opioid epidemic and strategies for opioid stewardship improves opioid prescribing and use without adversely impacting pain control or clinical outcome.
Patterns of Anemia in Married Women and Their Children in Cambodia: A Synthetic Cohort Analysis
Authors: I’Aronu Ngozi J. , Onyeneho Nkechi G. , Ozumba Benjamin C. , Subramanian S.V. 
Published: June 2020

Aim To explore the prevalence of anemia in three cohorts of women, namely, married yet to be mothers, married and are mothers, and currently pregnant, to ascertain the patterns in anemia in women. Methods We analyzed a sample of 130,965 married women from four Demographic Health Surveys: 2000, 2005, 2009 and 2015. The primary focus for the analysis was married women aged 15 to 49 years. In the absence of a longitudinal data that followed the same women over the periods, a synthetic cohort of the women of that age-group was constructed to get women aged 15 to 64 years over the four surveys. Women who were aged 15 to 19 years in 2000 were the same as those 30 to 34 years in 2015, while those aged 45 to 49 years in 2000 were the same as 60 to 64 years in 2015. Results Logistic regression revealed that young mothers were significantly more infected ( p < .001). Pregnancy affected anemia in the women ( p < .001). Being younger and richer were associated with odds ratios of 0.599 (95% confidence interval, CI: [0.560, 0.640]) and 0.765 (95% CI: [0.726, 0.807]) for anemia, respectively. Being pregnant had odds ratio of 1.642 (95% CI: [1.439, 1.872]) for anemia. Conclusion Public health strategies should target social deprivation at the household level while addressing maternal health issues. An analysis of data on unmarried women and their children is recommended.
Influence of menstrual status and pathological type on the apparent diffusion coefficient in cervical cancer: a primary study
Authors: Dong Yue , Dong Rui Tong , Zhang Xiao Miao , Song Qing Ling , Yu Tao , Hong Luo Ya 
Published: June 2020

Background Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value is an important quantitative parameter in the research of cervical cancer, affected by some factors. Purpose To investigate the effect of pathological type and menstrual status on the ADC value of cervical cancer. Material and Methods A total of 352 individuals with pathologically confirmed cervical cancer between January 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively enrolled in this study, including 317 cases with squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 35 cases with adenocarcinomas (AC); 177 patients were non-menopausal and 175 were menopausal. All patients underwent a routine 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) examination using b-values of 0, 800, and 1000 s/mm2. Three parameters including mean ADC (ADCmean), maximum ADC (ADCmax), and minimum ADC (ADCmin) of cervical cancer lesions were measured and retrospectively analyzed. Independent samples t-test was used to compare the difference of ADC values in different menstrual status and pathological types. Results In all menopausal and non-menopausal patients, the ADCmean and ADCmin values of SCC were lower than those of AC ( P<0.05), the ADCmax of two pathological types showed no statistical difference ( P > 0.05). In menopausal patients, the ADCmean, ADCmax, and ADCmin values of SCC were not statistically different compared with those of AC ( P > 0.05). The ADCmean, ADCmax, and ADCmin values of different pathological types cervical cancers in non-menopausal patients were all higher than those in menopausal patients ( P<0.05). Conclusion The ADC values of the cervical cancers were different in different pathological types and were also affected by menstrual status.