bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Confounding Due to Poor Health in an Accelerometer–Mortality Study
Authors: MATTHEWS CHARLES E. , TROIANO RICHARD P. , SALERNO ELIZABETH A. , BERRIGAN DAVID , PATEL SHREYA B. , SHIROMA ERIC J. , SAINT-MAURICE PEDRO F. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Confounding due to poor health is a concern in accelerometer-based studies of physical activity and health, but detailed investigations of this source of bias are lacking.

Methods
US adults (n = 4840) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003 to 2006) wore an accelerometer for 1 to 7 d (mean = 5.7 d) and were followed for mortality through 2015. Logistic regression was used to examine odds ratios between poor health (chronic conditions, self-reported health, mobility limitations, frailty) and low physical activity levels; Cox models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI for mortality associations for a 1 h·d−1 increase in moderate-to-vigorous–intensity physical activity (MVPA) using two commonly used cut-points (MVPA760, MVPA2020). Modeling scenarios with shorter and longer follow-up time, increasing adjustment for poor health, by age group, and after excluding early years of follow-up were used to assess bias.

Results
Over a mean of 10.1 yr of follow-up, 1165 deaths occurred. Poor health was associated with low MVPA760 levels and increased mortality risk. In fully adjusted MVPA760 models, HR was 26% stronger comparing 0 to 4 yr (HR = 0.46) with 0 to 12 yr of follow-up (HR = 0.62), particularly in older adults (65 yr and older). Increasing statistical adjustment for poor health attenuated MVPA760 associations by 13% to 15%, and exclusion of the first 2 yr of follow-up had limited effects. Comparable results were obtained with the MVPA2020 cut-point.

Conclusions
We did not find evidence that confounding by health status resulted in entirely spurious MVPA–mortality associations; however, potential bias was appreciable in modeling scenarios involving shorter follow-up (<6 yr), older adults, and more limited statistical adjustment for poor health. The strength of MVPA–mortality associations in studies reflecting these scenarios should be interpreted cautiously.
Decentralized solar-powered drinking water ozonation in Western Kenya: an evaluation of disinfection efficacy
Authors: Hendrickson Colin , Oremo Jared , Akello Oscar Oluoch , Bunde Simon , Rayola Isaac , Akello David , Akwiri Daniel , Park Sung-Jin , Dorevitch Samuel 
Published: May 2020

Background: Decentralized drinking water treatment methods generally apply membrane-based treatment approaches. Ozonation of drinking water, which previously has only been possible at large centralized facilities, can now be accomplished on a small-scale using microplasma technology. The efficacy of decentralized solar-powered ozonation for drinking water treatment is not known. Methods: We established a 1,000L decentralized solar-powered water treatment system located in Kisumu County, Kenya. Highly contaminated surface water is pumped to the treatment system, which includes flocculation and filtration steps prior to ozonation. Turbidity, total coliform bacteria, and E. coli were measured at various stages of water treatment, and bacterial log reduction values (LRVs) were calculated. Results: Nine trials were conducted treating 1000L of water in three hours. Baseline turbidity and E. coli concentrations were reduced from a median of 238 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) and 2,752 most probable number/100mL, respectively, in surface water to 1.0 NTU and undetectable E. coli per100mL in finished drinking water. The nine trials yielded a mean E. coli LRV of 3.36 (2.71-4.00, 95% CI). Conclusions: Based on the observed reduction of E. coli, the solar-powered system shows promise as a means for producing safe drinking water. Further research is needed to characterize limitations, scalability, economic viability, and community perspectives that could help determine the role for similar systems in other settings.
Data-driven three-dimensional super-resolution imaging of a turbulent jet flame using a generative adversarial network
Authors: Xu Wenjiang , Luo Weiyi , Wang Yu , You Yancheng 
Published: May 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) is becoming a well-established tool for turbulent combustion diagnostics. However, the 3D CT technique suffers from contradictory demands of spatial resolution and domain size. This work therefore reports a data-driven 3D super-resolution approach to enhance the spatial resolution by two times along each spatial direction. The approach, named 3D super-resolution generative adversarial network (3D-SR-GAN), builds a generator and a discriminator network to learn the topographic information and infer high-resolution 3D turbulent flame structure with a given low-resolution counterpart. This work uses numerically simulated 3D turbulent jet flame structures as training data to update model parameters of the GAN network. Extensive performance evaluations are then conducted to show the superiority of the proposed 3D-SR-GAN network, compared with other direct interpolation methods. The results show that a convincing super-resolution (SR) operation with the overall error of

∼

4

%

and the peak signal-to-noise ratio of 37 dB can be reached with an upscaling factor of 2, representing an eight times enhancement of the total voxel number. Moreover, the trained network can predict the SR structure of the jet flame with a different Reynolds number without retraining the network parameters.
Mantis: an all-sky visible-to-near-infrared hyper-angular
spectropolarimeter
Authors: Foster Robert , Gray Deric , Bowles Jeffrey , Korwan Dan , Slutsker Ilya , Sorokin Mikhail , Roche Michael , Smith Adam , Pezzaniti Larry 
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we introduce and present first results from Mantis, a pushbroom type
spectropolarimeter recently acquired by the Naval Research Laboratory
and built by Polaris Sensor Technologies, Inc. The instrument is
designed for high spatial and spectral resolution polarimetric imaging
of downwelling skylight. Linear Stokes vectors are acquired over the
spectral range of 382–1017 nm, with

≈
0.64

n
m

channel spacing, and each line scan
consists of 2226 pixels over a 72° field of view (0.75 mrad
instantaneous). Measurement of the full sky dome is achieved through
the use of a high-precision motorized pan-tilt unit and systematic
scanning. An automated Sun shade allows for data collection in the
main solar plane without saturation of the focal plane. The
uncertainty in the degree of linear polarization varies between 0.07%
and 0.5%, depending on incidence angle and wavelength. The total
radiometric uncertainty is 2.07% to 2.5%, of which 2% is absolute
calibration error. Preliminary data analysis reveals the instrument
has a large potential for remote sensing applications.
Improvement of dark signal evaluation and signal-to-noise ratio of multichannel receivers in NIR heterodyne spectroscopy application for simultaneous CO2 and CH4 atmospheric measurements
Authors: Zenevich Sergei , Gazizov Iskander , Churbanov Dmitry , Spiridonov Maxim , Rodin Alexander 
Published: May 2020

This work presents the design of multichannel heterodyne signal detection. The measuring capabilities of the proposed configuration were tested based on the developed multichannel laser heterodyne spectroradiometer (MLHS). The MLHS can simultaneously detect absorption features of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 in the NIR spectral range with an ultra-high spectral resolution of λ/δλ ∼ 6 × 107. Such a high resolution allows the MLHS to measure fully resolved individual line contours at 1.605 µm and 1.655 µm for CO2 and CH4 respectively. We propose a new method for synchronous measurements of dark and mixed signals and discuss its effect on the recorded data. We demonstrate advantages of the proposed technique by detailed comparison of data measured by MLHS and a single channel laser heterodyne spectroradiometer.
Die Kirche des Heiligen Geistes. Die Ekklesiologie des orthodoxen Theologen Nikolai Afanasiev
Authors: Avakian Sylvie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article presents the theology of the Orthodox theologian Nikolai Afanasiev, who calls the Church, the Church of the Holy Spirit. The Church, as Afanasiev expresses it, »lives and acts through the [Holy] Spirit,« so the Holy Spirit is its true inner principle. For Afanasiev, all the baptized are called to the Holy Priesthood. He recognizes the love and witness of Christ as paramount for the Church, before ecclesial power and its law. In this sense, Afanasiev's position differs from the prevailing understanding of the Church in the two common traditions of the West and the East, which often regard the Church as subject to the conditions and necessities of the law.
Tipo de cambio real y finanzas públicas subnacionales: efectos de las depreciaciones reales en Argentina
Authors: Puig Julián Mariano , Pitetti Diego Andrés 
Published: May 2020

El presente trabajo estudia el efecto de las depreciaciones reales sobre el escenario fiscal subnacional en Argentina para el período 1960–2017. Se analiza no solo el efecto sobre gastos, ingresos y deuda subnacional a nivel agregado, sino que también se focaliza en la composición de estas variables. El gasto se analiza según su clasificación económica —corrientes y de capital—, los ingresos según provengan de recaudación propia o de transferencias de otras jurisdicciones —principalmente del Gobierno Nacional— y la deuda según el prestamista —Gobierno Nacional u organismos multinacionales—. Los resultados sugieren que ante una depreciación real tanto los gastos como los ingresos caen, experimentando estos últimos una caída de mayor magnitud que deteriora el resultado fiscal y, a su vez, los efectos son heterogéneos entre las provincias. Por otra parte, la deuda pública provincial, reacciona positivamente ante dicho shock dada la elevada proporción de deuda denominada en moneda extranjera respecto del total.
Conocimiento y empleo de medidas de apoyo a las pymes en Argentina
Authors: Revale Hernán , Ascúa Rubén 
Published: May 2020

El presente trabajo propone hacer un relevamiento respecto de conocimiento y empleo de medidas de fomento a las pymes y relacionarlos con variables estructurales de las mismas. Para ello, a fines de 2017 y comienzos de 2018 se realizaron encuestas a una muestra representativa de pymes de la ciudad de Rafaela. En particular, se relevó sobre conocimiento y utilización de líneas de apoyo financiero, y sobre la ley Pyme 27264, la cual reporta de ciertos beneficios a aquellas empresas registradas en la AFIP como categoría pyme.Se observó que las empresas del sector industrial principalmente y de mayor tamaño son aquellas que conocen y utilizan en mayor medida tales tipos de políticas. Se encontró que, en términos generales, las líneas de financiamiento a las pymes son poco conocidas, y los beneficios de la ley Pyme son utilizados en una medida mayor. De los beneficios destacaron el uso del descuento del «Impuesto al cheque» del Impuesto a las Ganancias, diferir el pago del IVA por 90 días, y el descuento del Impuesto a las Ganancias de la inversión en maquinaria o infraestructura.Además, se analizaron asociaciones entre variables categóricas que representan el aprovechamiento de las medidas estudiadas y otras variables de características de interés de las empresas. Los resultados obtenidos abren nuevas preguntas a fines de ahondar en las justificaciones y la causalidad de las asociaciones.
The Impact of Combination of Ozonation and Ultrasonication Process on Morphological and Chemical Properties of κ-Carrageenan
Authors: Nurfiningsih Nurfiningsih , Ratnawati Ratnawati , Prasetyaningrum Aji 
Published: May 2020

Carrageenan application in the biomedical field is influenced by the size of molecular weight. Depolymerization process is needed for changing the high molecular weight (HMW) fraction of κ- carrageenan into low molecular weight fraction (LMW) of κ- carrageenan. Ozone is a powerful oxidant and considered for depolymerization of κ- carrageenan. This research was conducted as an investigation on the influence of the combination of ozonation and ultrasonication (OZ/US) on the chemical and morphological characteristics of κ-carrageenan. FTIR and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the change of chemical and morphological characteristics of κ-carrageenan. The result of this study showed that there was no change of chemical properties of κ-carrageenan during OZ/US treatment. The sulfate content was obtained after OZ/US treatment tends to be stable. Nevertheless, the result of SEM analysis showed that there were changes on morphological characteristics of κ-carrageenan after OZ/US treatment. Keywords: ultrasonication, κ-carrageenan, ozonation, morphological, chemical
Utilization of Crude Intracellular Chitinase Enzyme from Providencia stuartii for Glucosamine Production from Shrimp Shells
Authors: Hardoko Hardoko , Mastuti Titri Siratantri , Puspasari Desy , Halim Yuniwaty 
Published: May 2020

Chitin hydrolysis using enzyme is one of the methods to produce glucosamine in shorter time compared to using microbial cells, but the ability to produce glucosamine at enzyme’s optimum condition is influenced by substrate concentration and fermentation time. The objective of this research was to determine the optimum substrate concentration and fermentation time of shrimp shells’ chitin to produce glucosamine at the optimum pH and temperature of crude intracellular chitinase enzyme from Providencia stuartii. Method used was experimental method, started by extraction of intracellular enzyme from P. stuartii, followed by determination of optimum pH and temperature of enzyme. The optimum condition was used for experiment of shrimp shells’ chitin fermentation with treatments of chitin substrate concentration (0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0%) and fermentation time (2, 4, 6 and 24 hours). Results showed that optimum enzyme activity occurred at pH of 5.0 and temperature of 40oC, which was about 6.03 U/ml. Concentration of chitin substrate and fermentation time influenced the amount of glucosamine obtained. Fermentation of shrimp shells’ chitin using crude intracellular enzyme was optimum at 1.0% substrate concentration and 6 hours fermentation time, which produced glucosamine about 1680.06±58.49 ppm. Keywords: intracellular chitinase enzyme, glucosamine, shrimp shells’ chitin, P. stuartii
Kinetics and equilibriums adsorption of Cu (II) ion by chitosan and cross-linked chitosan-bentonite
Authors: Hargono Hargono , Sarah Angga Mei , Nevrita Feninda , Jos Bakti 
Published: May 2020

The sorption of Cu (II) particle from aqueous solution onto chitosan and cross-connected chitosan-bentonite (CTS-BTN) as adsorbent were conducted in batch conditions. The impact of different test parameters: starting pH, sorption time was assessed. Equilibrium studies have been completed to decide the limit of chitosan and CTS-BTN for Cu (II) particle. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used in the examination of the trial information as linearized conditions. It was discovered that the isotherm information were all around portrayed by the Langmuir isotherm. Chitosan and CTS-BTN showed an adsorption capacity of 125 mg/g and 142.86 mg/g, respectively. The constant of adsorption rate was investigation utilizing a pseudo first order and a pseudo second order model. The pseudo second order model brought about the best fit with test information (R2= 0,991 for CTS and R2= 0,995 for CTS-BTN), additionally giving a constant rate k2, ads= 8.85 x 10-5 g/mg min for CTS and 3.72 x 10-4 g/mg min for CTS-BTN. Recommending that this model could be used in design and applications.Keywords: adsorption; Cu(II) ion; chitosan; cross-linked; isotherm; kinetics
Study on Organic Redox Flow Battery Mechanism using TEMPO and FMN-Na Solutions
Authors: Kusumah Faishal Maulana , Pridiana Dita Baeti , Kusnadi Peter , Ariyanti Dessy 
Published: May 2020

Among numerous energy storage technologies, redox flow battery is one of the promising technologies that can be used to supply reliable continuation of electricity to electricity grids with a scale up to MW or MWh. In this paper, the process mechanism and optimization of redox flow battery using organic solution such as Riboflavin-5’-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (FMN-Na) as anolyte and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) as catholyte were investigated. Sodium and chloride ions in salt feed were moved respectively to anolyte and catholyte by electrochemical reaction of electrolytes during the charge process and return to the feed during the discharge process. The study was carried out by given electric current with different voltage to graphite electrode range 1,5-10,5 volts and TEMPO concentration 0,02-0,08 M. The result shows that the optimum voltage is 7,5 volts with the concentration of TEMPO 0,06 M. The result also confirms the role of TEMPO solutions in the cathode. In addition to that, the FTIR and SEM analysis to the sedimentation generated during the process also revealed the change of the anolyte and catholyte after charging process.Keywords: Organic; Flow Battery; TEMPO; FMN-Na; energy storage
Language and gender: Mainstreaming and the persistence of patriarchy
Authors: Cameron Deborah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Issues related to gender (and sexuality), largely ignored in the early development of sociolinguistics, have emerged as a cornerstone of the field. Spurred on by the feminist movement and new generations of engaged scholars addressing how language use both reveals and embeds gender inequalities, scholarship on such questions is now “mainstream” across a range of disciplines. Deborah Cameron argues that the primary focus in recent decades on social identity and performance, while path-breaking in many ways, has had the unintended consequence of drawing attention away from core issues of power and patriarchy in terms of gender relations.
Race, language, and representations
Authors: Lo Adrienne 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In her contribution, Adrienne Lo reflects on how scholars of language use have engaged with issues of race and racialization in the United States since the 1970s. She traces how scholars’ emphases have shifted between a focus on the “real” and authentic productions of language varieties by racialized groups and the ways political, economic and cultural forces shape how that language use is represented and (de)legitimized. Lo concludes with a discussion of the stakes of sociolinguistic study of race given the contestations around “race” as a concept, and argues that research in this space should seek to engage broader publics.
Musings on Native American language reclamation and sociolinguistics
Authors: Leonard Wesley Y. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSociolinguistic approaches to Native American languages are best conducted as part of a project of “language reclamation,” argues Wesley Y. Leonard. He discusses how framings of Indigenous languages as “endangered,” while in some ways well-intentioned, replicate the distance of language communities from scholarly research. An emphasis on reclamation – “efforts by Indigenous communities to claim the right to speak their heritage languages” – highlights the role of the community members in the production of knowledge on and the revival of Native American languages.
Multi-frame super resolution via deep plug-and-play CNN regularization
Authors: Zhao Shengrong , Liang Hu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBecause of the ill-posedness of multi-frame super resolution (MSR), the regularization method plays an important role in the MSR field. Various regularization terms have been proposed to constrain the image to be estimated. However, artifacts also exist in the estimated image due to the artificial tendency in the manually designed prior model. To solve this problem, we propose a novel regularization-based MSR method with learned prior knowledge. By using the variable splitting technique, the fidelity term and regularization term are separated. The fidelity term is associated with an “L2{L^{2}}-L2{L^{2}}” form sub-problem. Meanwhile, the sub-problem respect to regularization term is a denoising problem, which can be solved by denoisers learned from a deep convolutional neural network. Different from the traditional regularization methods which employ hand-crafted image priors, in this paper the image prior model is replaced by learned prior implicitly. The two sub-problems are solved alternately and iteratively. The proposed method cannot only handle complex degradation model, but also use the learned prior knowledge to guide the reconstruction process to avoid the artifacts. Both the quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate that the proposed method gains better quality than the state-of-the-art methods.
Bigger data, better questions, and a return to fourth down behavior: an introduction to a special issue on tracking datain the National football League
Authors: Lopez Michael J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMost historical National Football League (NFL) analysis, both mainstream and academic, has relied on public, play-level data to generate team and player comparisons. Given the number of oft omitted variables that impact on-field results, such as play call, game situation, and opponent strength, findings tend to be more anecdotal than actionable. With the release of player tracking data, however, analysts can better ask and answer questions to isolate skill and strategy. In this article, we highlight the limitations of traditional analyses, and use a decades-old punching bag for analysts, fourth-down strategy, as a microcosm for why tracking data is needed. Specifically, we assert that, in absence of using the precise yardage needed for a first down, past findings supporting an aggressive fourth down strategy may have been overstated. Next, we synthesize recent work that comprises this special Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports issue into player tracking data in football. Finally, we conclude with some best practices and limitations regarding usage of this data. The release of player tracking data marks a transition for the league and its’ analysts, and we hope this issue helps guide innovation in football analytics for years to come.
The crystal structure of poly[bis(N,N-dimethylformamide-κ1
O)(μ4- 2′,5,5′,5′′-tetracarboxy-[1,1′:4′,1′′-terphenyl]-3,3′′-dicarboxylato-κ4
O:O′:O′′:O′′′)manganese(II)] — N,N-dimethylformamide (1/2), C36H40N4O16Mn
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Chen Guo , Liu Yanping , Wang Gao , Liu Liyu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C36H40N4O16Mn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.5247(11) Å, b = 19.0823(19) Å, c = 10.5502(11) Å, β = 112.641(2)°, V = 1955.6(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0619, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1741, T = 296 K.
Learning in Context: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach to Analyze Knowledge Acquisition at Trade Fairs
Authors: Zhu Yi-wen , Bathelt Harald , Zeng Gang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConceptualizations of trade fairs as temporary clusters have identified important learning processes at such events, particularly at leading international trade fairs – both in developed and developing countries. However, little attention has been paid to the home contexts of participating firms that may affect knowledge acquisition patterns. In particular, it is unclear which contextual factors may influence learning behavior. This paper aims to investigate the role of geographical context conditions at the exhibitors’ permanent locations and whether their knowledge acquisition behavior during trade fairs varies systematically with aspects, such as city scale, peripherality, growth dynamics and connectivity. Our analysis is based on a survey of 211 firms conducted between 2014 and 2018 at the China International Industry Fair (CIIF) in Shanghai – one of Asia’s most important manufacturing fairs. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), the study identifies significant pathways of knowledge acquisition and how these differ with geographical context.