bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating system architectures for driving range estimation and charge planning for electric vehicles
Authors: Thorgeirsson Adam Thor , Vaillant Moritz , Scheubner Stefan , Gauterin Frank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDue to sparse charging infrastructure and short driving ranges, drivers of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) can experience range anxiety, which is the fear of stranding with an empty battery. To help eliminate range anxiety and make BEVs more attractive for customers, accurate range estimation methods need to be developed. In recent years, many publications have suggested machine learning algorithms as a fitting method to achieve accurate range estimations. However, these algorithms use a large amount of data and have high computational requirements. A traditional placement of the software within a vehicle's electronic control unit could lead to high latencies and thus detrimental to user experience. But since modern vehicles are connected to a backend, where software modules can be implemented, high latencies can be prevented with intelligent distribution of the algorithm parts. On the other hand, communication between vehicle and backend can be slow or expensive. In this article, an intelligent deployment of a range estimation software based on ML is analyzed. We model hardware and software to enable performance evaluation in early stages of the development process. Based on simulations, different system architectures and module placements are then analyzed in terms of latency, network usage, energy usage, and cost. We show that a distributed system with cloud‐based module placement reduces the end‐to‐end latency significantly, when compared with a traditional vehicle‐based placement. Furthermore, we show that network usage is significantly reduced. This intelligent system enables the application of complex, but accurate range estimation with low latencies, resulting in an improved user experience, which enhances the practicality and acceptance of BEVs.
Seismic behavior of precast concrete beam‐column connections with bolt connectors in columns
Authors: Xue Weichen , Bai Haoyang , Dai Lingjie , Hu Xiang , Dubec Miroslav 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article investigated four concrete beam‐column connections experimentally, including an interior precast specimen, an exterior precast specimen and two corresponding cast‐in‐place (CIP) specimens. Longitudinal rebars of precast columns were connected by embedded bolt connectors, while longitudinal rebars of precast beams were welded in CIP core areas. These full‐scale beam‐column connections with axial compression ratio 0.5 were tested under reversed cyclic loading to estimate seismic behavior. The results revealed that failure pattern of all specimens was flexural failure which occurred at beam ends near column face. No obvious damage took place in core areas and columns. The hysteresis curves of all specimens were relatively plump, showing relatively good energy dissipation capacity. The difference of bearing capacity between precast specimens and corresponding CIP specimens was not greater than 5%. Displacement ductility of the interior and exterior precast specimens was 3.17 and 2.70, which was about 5.4% lower and 3.4% higher than that of corresponding CIP specimens, respectively. A degenerated four‐linear restoring force model was proposed for the precast beam‐column connections with bolt connectors in columns.
Targeted and untargeted detection of fentanyl analogues and their metabolites in hair by means of UHPLC-QTOF-HRMS
Authors: Salomone Alberto , Di Corcia Daniele , Negri Pierre , Kolia Maria , Amante Eleonora , Gerace Enrico , Vincenti Marco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDetection of new psychoactive substances and synthetic opioids is generally performed by means of targeted methods in mass spectrometry, as they generally provide adequate sensitivity and specificity. Unfortunately, new and unexpected compounds are continuously introduced in the illegal market of abused drugs, preventing timely updating of the analytical procedures. Moreover, the investigation of biological matrices is influenced by metabolism and excretion, in turn affecting the chance of past intake detectability. In this scenario, new opportunities are offered by both the non-targeted approaches allowed by modern UHPLC-HRMS instrumentation and the investigation of hair as the matrix of choice to detect long-term exposure to toxicologically relevant substances. In this study, we present a comprehensive and validated workflow that combines the use of UHPLC-QTOF-HRMS instrumentation with a simple hair sample extraction procedure for the detection of a variety of fentanyl analogues and metabolites. A simultaneous targeted and untargeted analysis was applied to 100 real samples taken from opiates users. MS and MS/MS data were collected for each sample. Data acquisition included a TOF-MS high-resolution scan combined with TOF-MS/MS acquisition demonstrating considerable capability to detect expected and unexpected substances even at low concentration levels. The predominant diffusion of fentanyl was confirmed by its detection in 68 hair samples. Other prevalent analogues were furanylfentanyl (28 positive samples) and acetylfentanyl (14 positive samples). Carfentanil, methylfentanyl, and ocfentanil were not found in any of the analyzed samples. Furthermore, the retrospective data analysis based on untargeted acquisition allowed the identification of two fentanyl analogues, namely β-hydroxyfentanyl and methoxyacetylfentanyl, which were not originally included in the panel of targeted analytes.
EANM position paper on article 56 of the Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom (basic safety standards) for nuclear medicine therapy
Authors: Konijnenberg Mark , Herrmann Ken , Kobe Carsten , Verburg Frederik , Hindorf Cecilia , Hustinx Roland , Lassmann Michael 
Published: October 2020

Executive SummaryThe EC Directive 2013/59/Euratom states in article 56 that exposures of target volumes in nuclear medicine treatments shall be individually planned and their delivery appropriately verified. The Directive also mentions that medical physics experts should always be appropriately involved in those treatments. Although it is obvious that, in nuclear medicine practice, every nuclear medicine physician and physicist should follow national rules and legislation, the EANM considered it necessary to provide guidance on how to interpret the Directive statements for nuclear medicine treatments.For this purpose, the EANM proposes to distinguish three levels in compliance to the optimization principle in the directive, inspired by the indication of levels in prescribing, recording and reporting of absorbed doses after radiotherapy defined by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU):

Most nuclear medicine treatments currently applied in Europe are standardized. The minimum requirement for those treatments is ICRU level 1 (“activity-based prescription and patient-averaged dosimetry”), which is defined by administering the activity within 10% of the intended activity, typically according to the package insert or to the respective EANM guidelines, followed by verification of the therapy delivery, if applicable.

Non-standardized treatments are essentially those in developmental phase or approved radiopharmaceuticals being used off-label with significantly (> 25% more than in the label) higher activities. These treatments should comply with ICRU level 2 (“activity-based prescription and patient-specific dosimetry”), which implies recording and reporting of the absorbed dose to organs at risk and optionally the absorbed dose to treatment regions.

The EANM strongly encourages to foster research that eventually leads to treatment planning according to ICRU level 3 (“dosimetry-guided patient-specific prescription and verification”), whenever possible and relevant.

Evidence for superiority of therapy prescription on basis of patient-specific dosimetry has not been obtained. However, the authors believe that a better understanding of therapy dosimetry, i.e. how much and where the energy is delivered, and radiobiology, i.e. radiation-related processes in tissues, are keys to the long-term improvement of our treatments.
Differences in men and women suffering from CRSwNP and AERD in quality of life
Authors: Bartosik Tina J. , Liu David T. , Campion Nicholas J. , Villazala-Merino Sergio , Janik Stefan , Dahm Valerie , Mueller Christian A. , Vyskocil Erich , Stanek Victoria , Quint Tamara , Bangert Christine , Eckl-Dorna Julia , Schneider Sven 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
While the overall impact of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) on patients’ health is diverse, many affected individuals have a substantially impaired quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of sex-associated differences specifically in the subgroups of CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) by assessing QoL parameters in women and men separately.

Methods
In a retrospective single-center study, 59 patients with CRSwNP (39 males and 20 females) and 46 patients with AERD (18 males and 28 females) were included. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) evaluating QoL via the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20 German Adapted Version (SNOT-20 GAV) as well as the total polyp score (TPS) were analysed.

Results
There was no significant difference in TPS (p = 0.5550) and total SNOT-20 GAV scores (p = 0.0726) between male or female patients with CRSwNP or AERD. Furthermore, no significant sex differences were found within disease groups regarding the subcategories of the SNOT-20 GAV items.

Conclusion
Thus, quality of life is severely impaired in patients suffering from various forms of CRS regardless of their sex.
Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium ryanae, and Cryptosporidium bovis in samples from calves in Austria
Authors: Lichtmannsperger Katharina , Harl Josef , Freudenthaler Katharina , Hinney Barbara , Wittek Thomas , Joachim Anja 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFecal samples of 177 calves of up to 180 days of age with diarrhea from 70 farms in Austria were examined to obtain information on the occurrence of Cryptosporidium species. Initially, all samples were examined by phase-contrast microscopy. Cryptosporidium-positive samples (55.4%; n = 98) were screened by gp60 PCR, resulting in 68.4% (n = 67) C. parvum–positive samples. The remaining 31 gp60-PCR-negative and the phase-contrast microscopy negative samples (n = 79) were screened by PCR targeting a 700 bp fragment of the 18S rRNA gene. Sequencing of the PCR products revealed the presence of C. parvum (n = 69), C. ryanae (n = 11), and C. bovis (n = 7). The latter two species have never been described in Austria. C. parvum–positive samples were genotyped at the gp60 gene locus, featuring four subtypes (IIaA15G2R1, IIaA21G2R1, IIaA19G2R1, IIaA14G1R1). The most frequently detected subtype IIaA15G2R1 (n = 52) was present in calves from 30 different farms. IIaA14G1R1 (n = 5) occurred on a single farm, subtype IIaA21G2R1 (n = 4) on two farms, and subtype IIaA19G2R1 (n = 4) on three farms. The results confirm the widespread occurrence of zoonotic C. parvum in diarrheic calves.
Eine Bestandsaufnahme zur Klimakrise inmitten der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Rieder Harald E. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie atmosphärische Konzentration gutgemischter Treibhausgase ist seit 1850 drastisch angestiegen. Hauptursache hierfür ist menschliches Handeln, vor allem die Verbrennung fossiler Energieträger. Die Auswirkung dieser Veränderung der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Erdatmosphäre ist ein positiver Strahlungsantrieb, welcher sich letztendlich in der beobachteten Erderwärmung manifestiert. Die globale Mitteltemperatur hat seit der vorindustriellen Zeit um ca. 1,0 °C zugenommen und bei fortschreitender Emission von Treibhausgasen auf heutigem Niveau droht eine Temperaturzunahme bis 2100 von 3,7 °C bis 4,8 °C über dem Durchschnitt von 1850–1900. Ein derartiger Temperaturanstieg wäre mit fatalen Folgen für viele Ökosysteme und auch uns Menschen verbunden, wie die Sachstandsberichte des Weltklimarats dies eindrücklich darlegen. Aus diesem Grund wurde auf der Pariser-Klimakonferenz beschlossen, die globale Erwärmung auf unter 2 °C, idealerweise auf 1,5 °C gegenüber dem vorindustriellen Niveau zu begrenzen. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, sind rasche und drastische Emissionsreduktionen hin zu Netto-Null-Emission spätestens bis 2050 erforderlich. Ein Blick auf die Entwicklung der globalen Treibhausgasemissionen der letzten Jahre und Jahrzehnte zeigt deutlich, wie weit wir von diesem Ziel entfernt sind, steigen die globalen Emissionen doch immer noch an. Auch die im Rahmen der Pariser Klimaziele zugesagten nationalen Emissionsreduktionen sind auf momentanem Stand nicht ausreichend, um das 1,5-°C-Ziel zu erreichen. Es ist nun höchste Zeit, die Anstrengungen deutlich zu erhöhen. Noch ist die Erreichung des 1,5-°C-Ziels möglich, die Zeit, um die erforderlichen Maßnahmen zur Emissionsminderung zu setzen, läuft aber binnen dieses Jahrzehnts ab.
Bremst die Doppik öffentliche Investitionen? Ergebnisse aus drei aktuellen Evaluationsstudien
Authors: Christofzik Désirée I. , Dorn Florian , Gäbler Stefanie , Raffer Christian , Rösel Felix 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungInternationale Organisationen empfehlen nachdrücklich, öffentliche Haushalte von der klassischen kameralen Buchführung auf die doppelte Buchführung (Doppik) umzustellen. Doppische Haushalte sollen den Wertverzehr der öffentlichen Infrastruktur offenlegen und die implizite Verschuldung sichtbar machen. Drei unabhängig voneinander entstandene Studien haben die Wirkung der Doppik am Beispiel deutscher Kommunen evaluiert und kommen zu teils überraschenden Ergebnissen. Doppisch buchende Kommunen veräußern zwar wie erwartet weniger öffentliches Vermögen, sie investieren aber tendenziell auch weniger in neues Vermögen. Diese empirischen Ergebnisse nähren Zweifel, ob die doppelte Buchführung tatsächlich nachhaltigere Haushaltsentscheidungen fördert.
Request of hospital care dropped for TIA but remained stable for stroke during COVID-19 pandemic at a large Italian university hospital
Authors: Balestrino Maurizio , Coccia Alberto , Boffa Alessandra Silvia , Furgani Andrea , Bermano Francesco , Finocchi Cinzia , Bandettini di Poggio Monica Laura , Malfatto Laura , Farinini Daniele , Schenone Angelo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReduced incidence of stroke during COVID-19 pandemic was sometimes reported. While decrease in stroke incidence and fear of patients to go to the hospitals were sometimes invoked to explain this decrease, reduction in urban pollution was also hypothesized as a possible cause. We investigated statistically the incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and of transient ischemic attacks, at a large Italian tertiary stroke center during the pandemic. We analyzed statistically the number of transient ischemic attacks (TIA), ischemic strokes (IS) and hemorrhagic strokes (HS) between March 8 and May 2, 2020, the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy, and compared them with the identical period of 2019. We also analyzed the concentration of small particulate matter (PM10) in 2019 and 2020, to see if it could account for modified incidence of strokes or TIA. We found a large, significant drop in TIA (− 51%) during the pandemic compared to the same period of 2019. By contrast, the number of HS was identical, and IS showed a not significant − 24% decrease. PM10 concentration, already low in 2019, did not further decrease in 2020. Patients kept seeking hospital care when experiencing permanent neurological symptoms (stroke), but they tended not go to the hospital when their symptoms were transient (TIA). The fact that we did not observe a significant decrease in strokes may be explained by the fact that in our city the concentration of small particulate matter did not change compared to 2019.
The ketogenic diet corrects metabolic hypogonadism and preserves pancreatic ß-cell function in overweight/obese men: a single-arm uncontrolled study
Authors: La Vignera Sandro , Cannarella Rossella , Galvano Fabio , Grillo Agata , Aversa Antonio , Cimino Laura , Magagnini Cristina M. , Mongioì Laura M. , Condorelli Rosita A. , Calogero Aldo E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Overweight and obesity are increasingly spread in our society. Low testosterone levels are often present in these patients, the so-called metabolic hypogonadism, that further alters the metabolic balance in a sort of vicious cycle. Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has been reported to efficiently reduce body weight, glycaemia, and the serum levels of insulin, glycated hemoglobin, but its effects on β-cell function and total testosterone (TT) levels are less clear.

Aim
To evaluate the effects of VLCKD on markers suggested to be predictive of β-cell dysfunction development, such as proinsulin or proinsulin/insulin ratio, and on TT values in a cohort of overweight or obese nondiabetic male patients with metabolic hypogonadism.

Methods
Patients with overweight or obesity and metabolic hypogonadism underwent to VLCKD for 12 weeks. Anthropometric parameters, blood testing for the measurement of glycaemia, insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, TT, calculation of body-mass index (BMI), and HOMA index were performed before VLCKD and after 12 weeks.

Results
Twenty patients (mean age 49.3 ± 5.2 years) were enrolled. At enrollement all patients presented increased insulin, HOMA index, C-peptide, and proinsulin levels, whereas the proinsulin/insulin ratio was within the normal values. After VLCKD treatment, body weight and BMI significantly decreased, and 14.9 ± 3.9% loss of the initial body weight was achieved. Glycaemia, insulin, HOMA index, C-peptide, and proinsulin significantly decreased compared to pre-VLCKD levels. Serum glycaemia, insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin levels returned within the normal range in all patients. No difference in the proinsulin/insulin ratio was observed after VLCKD treatment. A mean increase of 218.1 ± 53.9% in serum TT levels was achieved and none of the patients showed TT values falling in the hypogonadal range at the end of the VLCKD treatment.

Conclusions
This is the first study that evaluated the effects of VLCKD on proinsulin, proinsulin/insulin ratio, and TT levels. VLCKD could be safely used to improve β-cell secretory function and insulin-sensitivity, and to rescue overweight and obese patients from β-cell failure and metabolic hypogonadism.
Phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids: different in nature
Authors: Maccarrone Mauro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cannabis is one of the earliest cultivated plants, of which Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica are the most widespread and best characterized species. Their extracts contain (phyto)cannabinoids (pCBs) of therapeutic interest, such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, along with many other compounds, so that there is no “one cannabis” but several mixtures even from the same plant. This complexity is mirrored, or even exceeded, by the complexity of the molecular targets that pCBs find in our body, most of which belong to the so-called “endocannabinoid (eCB) system”. Here, we describe the major pCBs and the main components of the eCB system to appreciate their differences and mutual interactions, as well as the potential of using pCB/eCB-based drugs as novel therapeutics to treat human diseases, both in the central nervous system and at the periphery. Moreover, we address the question of the evolution of pCBs and eCBs, showing that the latter compounds were the first to appear in nature, and that the former substances took a few million years to mimic the three-dimensional structures of the latter, and hence their biological activity in our body.

Graphic abstract
Implicit Attitudes Towards Robots Predict Explicit Attitudes, Semantic Distance Between Robots and Humans, Anthropomorphism, and Prosocial Behavior: From Attitudes to Human–Robot Interaction
Authors: Spatola Nicolas , Wudarczyk Olga A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHow people behave towards others relies, to a large extent, on the prior attitudes that they hold towards them. In Human–Robot Interactions, individual attitudes towards robots have mostly been investigated via explicit reports that can be biased by various conscious processes. In the present study, we introduce an implicit measure of attitudes towards robots. The task utilizes the measure of semantic priming to evaluate whether participants consider humans and robots as similar or different. Our results demonstrate a link between implicit semantic distance between humans and robots and explicit attitudes towards robots, explicit semantic distance between robots and humans, perceived robot anthropomorphism, and pro/anti-social behavior towards a robot in a real life, interactive scenario. Specifically, attenuated semantic distance between humans and robots in the implicit task predicted more positive explicit attitudes towards robots, attenuated explicit semantic distance between humans and robots, attribution of an anthropomorphic characteristic, and consequently a future prosocial behavior towards a robot. Crucially, the implicit measure of attitudes towards robots (implicit semantic distance) was a better predictor of a future behavior towards the robot than explicit measure of attitudes towards robots (self-reported attitudes). Cumulatively, the current results emphasize a new approach to measure implicit attitudes towards robots, and offer a starting point for further investigations of implicit processing of robots.
Reducing the harmful effects of noise on the human environment. Sound insulation of industrial skeleton enclosures in the 10–40 kHz frequency range
Authors: Mikulski Witold 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the research is to work out a method for determining the sound insulation of acoustic enclosures for industrial sources emitting noise in the frequency range of 10–40 kHz and apply the method to measure the sound insulation of acoustic enclosures build of different materials.

Methods
The method is developed by appropriate adaptation of techniques applicable currently for sound frequencies of up to 10 kHz. The sound insulation of example enclosures is determined with the use of this newly developed method.

Results
The research results indicate that enclosures (made of polycarbonate, plexiglass, sheet aluminium, sheet steel, plywood, and composite materials) enable reducing the sound pressure level in the environment for the frequency of 10 kHz by 19–25 dB with the reduction increasing to 40–48 dB for the frequency of 40 Hz. The sound insulation of acoustic enclosures with a sound-absorbing material inside reaches about 38 dB for the frequency of 10 kHz and about 63 dB for the frequency of 40 kHz.

Conclusion
Some pieces of equipment installed in the work environment are sources of noise emitted in the 10–40 kHz frequency range with the intensity which can be high enough to be harmful to humans. The most effective technical reduction of the associated risks are acoustic enclosures for such noise sources. The sound pressure level reduction obtained after provision of an enclosure depends on its design (shape, size, material, and thickness of walls) and the noise source frequency spectrum. Realistically available noise reduction values may exceed 60 dB.