bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Vastus Medialis obliquus and The Vastus Lateralis Muscle Atrophy is Existed in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Authors: Dong Conglei , Li Ming , Hao Kuo , Zhao Chao , Piao Kang , Lin Wei , Fan Chongyi , Niu Yingzhen , Wang Fei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: whether the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) atrophy exists in patients with PFPS and whether the amount of atrophy differs between the VMO and vastus lateralis muscle (VLM) is still obscure. Materials and methods: From June 2016 to March 2019, 61 patients with PFPS were collected into the study group, and an age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) matched cohort of 61 patients with normal knees were randomly selected into the control group. All enrolled subjects had undergone computed Tomography (CT) scans in the supine position. The cross-sectional area of the VMO and VLM in the sections of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mm above the upper pole of the patella were measured, and VMO/VLM area ratio were evaluated as well. Results: In the study group and the control group, the VMO area in the section that 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mm above the upper pole of the patella were 732.64±306.43 mm2 and 941.66±366.83 mm2 (P<0.001), 876.32±341.47 mm2 and 1119.6±405.01 mm2 (P<0.001), 1039.31±410.21 mm2 and 1302.75±425.14 mm2 (P<0.001), 1178.26±449.10 mm2 and 1496.67±474.70 mm2 (P<0.001), 1289.78±487.78 mm2 and 1643.33±507.08 mm2 (P<0.001); the VLM area in the section that 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mm above the upper pole of the patella were 127.61±66.74 mm2 and 192.2±152.40 mm2 (P=0.003), 183.47±85.41 mm2 and 262.55±187.98 mm2 (P=0.004), 250.66±133.70 mm2 and 352.35±291.96 mm2 (P=0.015), 326.06±139.94 mm2 and 466.27±343.11 mm2 (P=0.013), 574.19±390.00 mm2 (P=0.005); the VMO/ VLM area ratio in the section that 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mm above the upper pole of the patella were 0.83±0.11 and 7.44±5.13 (P<0.001), 5.37±2.49 and 6.32±4.69 (P=0.168), 4.64±2.43 and 4.15±1.94 (P=0.554), 3.90±1.55 and 3.96±1.66 (P=0.434), 3.42±1.36 and 3.48±1.62 (P=0.826).Conclusion: In patients with PFPS, the VMO and VLM atrophy was existed in the section of 0-20 mm above the upper pole of the patella in comparison with normal people; and the atrophy of the VMO was more evident than that of the VLM in the section that 0-5 mm above the upper pole of the patella. These findings support the rationale for use of general quadriceps exercise combined with VMO strengthening exercise as part of rehabilitation program for patients with PFPS.
How to Achieve Faster Osteotomy Healing and Prevent Refracture after Ulnar Shortening Osteotomy?
Authors: Kang Jong woo , Cha Soo Min , Kim Sang-gyun , Choi In Cheul , Suh Dong Hun , Park Jong Woong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Parallel osteotomy is essential for favorable osteotomy reduction and healing and technically challenging during diaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO). This study aimed to evaluate the advantages of guided osteotomy for parallel osteotomy and reduction osteotomies and healing over freehand osteotomy. It also aimed to identify surgical factors affecting healing after diaphyseal USO.Methods: Between June 2005 and March 2016, 136 wrists that had undergone diaphyseal USO for ulnar impaction syndrome (UIS) were evaluated. The wrists were divided into two groups according to the osteotomy technique (Group 1: freehand osteotomy, 74 wrists; Group 2: guided osteotomy, 62 wrists). The osteotomy reduction gap and time to osteotomy healing (union and consolidation) were compared between the groups. A multiple regression test was performed to identify the surgical factors affecting healing. The cut-off length of the reduction gap to achieve osteotomy union on time and the cut-off period to decide the failure of complete consolidation were statistically calculated. Results: The baseline characteristics were not different between the two groups. The osteotomy reduction gap, time to osteotomy union, and complete consolidation were shorter in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p=0.002, <0.001, 0.002). The osteotomy reduction gap was a critical surgical factor affecting both time to osteotomy union and complete consolidation (p<0.001, <0.001). The use of a dynamic compression plate affected only the time to complete consolidation (p<0.001). The cut-off length of the osteotomy reduction gap to achieve osteotomy union on time was 0.85 mm. The cut-off period to decide the failure of complete consolidation was 23.5 months after osteotomy.Conclusions The minimal osteotomy reduction gap was the most important for timely osteotomy healing in the healthy ulna and a guided osteotomy was beneficial to reducing the osteotomy reduction gap during USO.
3D-Printing Preoperative Planning and Radius Osteotomy External Fixation for Adult Acute Plastic Bowing of the Forearm
Authors: Song Jinqi , Lu Guangyuan , Ouyang Xiahui , Huang Dinggen , Wang Xuebing , Deng Xuefeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAcute plastic deformation of forearm is rare in adults, current treatments have different disadvantages. This article to report a new treating to adult acute plastic bowing of the forearm. MethodsWe report one adult case which diagnosis of acute plastic bowing of the forearm, and display a new treatment to this injury, 3D-printing preoperative planning and radius osteotomy external fixation. ResultsThe case achieved full range of movement. Conclusions3D-printing preoperative planning and radius osteotomy external fixation is more effective, safe,exact and easy to conduct.
Malalignment and Distal Contact of Short Tapered Stems Could be Associated with Postoperative Thigh Pain in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Chen Zhijie , Li Bin , Chen Kaizhe , Feng Jianmin , Wang Yi , Liu Zhihong , He Chuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose Short tapered stem placement has been extensively employed in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Suboptimal fixation tends to cause postoperative complications, such as thigh pain. However, it remains unclear whether poor seating/alignment of short tapered stems contributes to thigh pain. In this study, we retrospectively examined the factors that might be associated with the thigh pain. Methods Medical records of 230 patients who had undergone THAs at our hospital were reviewed retrospectively. All patients received the same mediolateral (ML) short tapered femoral stems. The association between thigh pain and patients’ demographics, radiographic findings, or the type of fitting of the femoral stems was investigated.Results In our cohort, 68 patients (27.8%) presented with thigh pain. Among 203 type I fit patients, 62 (30.5%) developed thigh pain, while only 6 out of 43 (12.2%) type II fit patients had thigh pain, with the differences being statistically significant (x2=6.706, p=0.01). In addition, hip anteroposterior radiographs exhibited that the stem angulation (mean 2.52°), variation in angulation (mean 1.32°), and the extent of femoral stem subsidence (mean 0.29cm) were greater in patients with thigh pain than in their counterparts without thigh pain (all p<0.05). Conclusion Malalignment and improper seating of short tapered stems could be at least one of the reasons for post-THA thigh pain. The distal contact between the stem tip and medial femoral cortex might result in thigh pain. Our study suggested that distal implant contact should be avoided, and stem alignment should be meticulously performed in the placement of ML short tapered femoral stems for THA.
A Modified Oblique Incision in Hamstring Tendon Graft Harvesting During ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Zhu Biao , Li XueLei , Lou Tengteng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: During anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction, different methods of harvesting hamstring tendon may lead to different degrees of injury to the inferior patellar branch of the saphenous nerve(IPBSN). Most of recent studies in the literature suggest that the classic oblique incision(COI) can reduce the incidence of IPBSN injury. We proposed a modified oblique incision(MOI) and compared it with the COI in terms of the resulting levels of injury and sensory loss and the clinical outcome.Methods: Patients with ACL injury admitted to our hospital from April 2015 to July 2019 were randomly selected and included in our study. Thirty patients underwent the COI to harvest hamstring tendons, and the other 32 patients underwent the MOI. The pin prick test was performed to detect the sensation loss at 2 weeks, 6 months and 1 year after the operation. Digital photos of the region of hypoesthesia area were taken, and then computer software (Adobe Photoshop CS6, 13.0.1) was used to calculate the area of the hypoesthesia. The length of the incision and knee joint functional score were also recorded. Results: At the final follow-up, the incidence of IPBSN injury in COI and MOI were 33.3% and 9.4%, and the areas of paresthesia were 26.4±2.4 cm2 and 9.8±3.4 cm2 respectively. There was no significant difference in the incision length or knee functional score between the two groups.Conclusion: The MOI can significantly reduce the risk of injury to the IPBSN, reduce the area of hypoesthesia and lead to high subjective satisfaction. Therefore, compared with the COI, the MOI is a better method of harvesting hamstring tendons in ACL reconstruction.
Women's Knowledge and Attitude towards Cervical Cancer Preventive Measures and associated factors In South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, North Central Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tafere Yilkal , Jemere Tezera , Desalegn Tsion , Melak Addisu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

The aim of the current research was to assess women's knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer preventions in South Gondar zone.
Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in South Gondar zone, Ethiopia. A total of 844 women aged 18 and above have participated in the current study. Binary and multivariable logistic models were used to assess predictors of women’s knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer.
Results

About 66% of the women had heard about cervical cancer. The percentage of women who heard about cervical cancer was 66%. Regarding the main source of information of respondents, 75.4% were heard from health professionals. Sixty two point four percent of women knew at least one preventive measure and 82.6% of participants knew at least one symptom or sign. Among study participants, 25% and 64% had good knowledge, and favorable attitude towards cervical cancer prevention measures, respectively. Being reside in rural (AOR = .21, 95%CI; .18, .34), not attending formal education (AOR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.3, 0.75), low income (AOR = .57, 95% CI: .43, .81) and having < 4 children ((AOR = .8, 95% CI: .60–.86) were negatively associated with knowledge toward cervical cancer prevention measures
Region-specific expression of young small-scale duplications in the human central nervous system
Authors: Brohard Solène , Frouin Vincent , Meyer Vincent , Chalabi Smahane , Deleuze Jean-François , Floch Edith Le , Battail Christophe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The duplication of genes is one of the main genetic mechanisms that led to the gain in complexity of biological tissue. Although the implication of duplicated gene expression in brain evolution was extensively studied through comparisons between organs, their role in the regional specialization of the adult human central nervous system has not yet been well described. Results: Our work explored intra-organ expression properties of paralogs through multiple territories of the human central nervous system (CNS) using transcriptome data generated by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) consortium. Interestingly, we found that paralogs were associated with region-specific expression in CNS, suggesting their involvement in the differentiation of these territories. Beside the influence of gene expression level on region-specificity, we observed the contribution of both duplication age and duplication type to the CNS region-specificity of paralogs. Indeed, we found that small scale duplicated genes (SSDs) and in particular ySSDs ( SSDs younger than the 2 rounds of whole genome duplications ) were more CNS region-specific than other paralogs. Next, by studying the two paralogs of ySSD pairs, we observed that when they were region-specific, they tend to be specific to the same region more often than for other paralogs, showing the high co-expression of ySSD pairs. Extension of this analysis to families of paralogs showed that the families with co-expressed gene members (i.e. homogeneous families) were enriched in ySSDs. Furthermore, these homogeneous families tended to be region-specific families, where the majority of their gene members were specifically expressed in the same region. Conclusions: Overall, our study suggests the major involvement of ySSDs in the differentiation of human central nervous system territories. Therefore, we show the relevance of exploring region-specific expression of paralogs at the intra-organ level.
Comparison of Long-term outcomes between Lynch sydrome and sporadic colorectal cancer: a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Xu Yun , Li Cong , Zheng Charlie Zhi-Lin , Zhang Yu-Qin , Guo Tian-An , Liu Fang-Qi , Xu Ye 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome. Comparison of prognosis between LS and sporadic CRC (SCRC) were rare,with conflicting results. This study aimed to compare the long-term outcomes between patients with LS and SCRC.
Methods
Between June 2008 and September 2018, a total of 47 patients were diagnosed with LS by genetic testing at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. A 1:2 propensity score matching was performed to obtain homogeneous cohorts from SCRC group. Thereafter, 94 SCRC patients were enrolled as control group. The long-term survival rates between the two groups were compared, and the prognostic factors were also analyzed.
Results
The 5-year OS rate of LS group was 97.6%, which was significantly higher than of 82.6% for SCRC group (p = 0.029). The 5-year PFS rate showed no significant differences between the two groups (78.0% for LS group vs. 70.6% for SCRC patients; p = 0.262). The 5-year TFS rates in LS group was 62.1% for LS patients, which were significantly lower than of 70.6% for SCRC group (p = 0.039). By multivariate analysis, we found that tumor progression of primary CRC and TNM staging were independent risk factors for OS.
Conclusion
LS patients have better long-term survival prognosis than SCRC patients. Strict regular follow-up monitoring, detection at earlier tumor stages, and effective treatment are key to ensuring better long-term prognosis.
Mutation Analysis of TP53 in Colorectal Cancer, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Authors: Ali Ihsan , Fayyaz Aamna , Anwar Zahid , Saif Irfan , Khan Ikram , Jahangir Muhammad , Kakakhel Mian Adnan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is a kind of solid tumor and third most common of cancer which leads to death. It is a heterogeneous disease characterized by genetic and epigenetic aberrations. For this purpose, a total of 50 blood samples in EDTA tubes was collected from Peshawar with complete information of patients using questionnaireResult The results of the present study indicate that the ratio of CRC in males is higher 62% than females (38%). Histopathological results indicate that moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma is 25 (50%) followed by poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma 15 (30%), Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma 8 (16%), and Metastatic adenocarcinoma 2 (4%) in 50 CRC patients. Grading distribution indicating 34% of patients were having a high grade of carcinoma while 66% had low-grade carcinoma. The nucleotide sequence of the human TP53 gene of CRC patients was aligned with the human wild-type TP53 database sequence with NC_191170 (NCBI) using CLUSTALW. After BLASTING, the mutation was found in exon 5 and exon 7 of TP53, while no mutation was found in exon 8 of TP53. That patient in which point mutation was found in exon 5 and 7 respectively showed less survival as compared to that of colorectal cancer patients having no point mutation in the TP53 gene.Conclusion The present study concluded that point mutations were found in exons 5 & 7 of the TP53 gene and patients having TP53 gene mutations shown less survival rate compared to CRC patients having no mutations.
An Investigation Into the Livelihoods Strategies of Informal Women Traders in Zimbabwe
Authors: Takaza Stella , Chitereka Chipo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article investigated the livelihoods strategies used by various informal women traders doing business in the Hare Business Districts of the Harare Province. The study was informed by the Sustainable Livelihood Approach proffered by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency Division (SIDA, 2001) for Policy and Socio-Economic Analysis. A quantitative and qualitative research design was utilized and data was gathered through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and direct observations during transect walks. The objectives of the study was to; identify micro-credit schemes used by the informal women traders doing business at flea markets, explore the livelihoods of microcredit schemes as pathways towards poverty eradication and finally determine possible interventions and sustainable strategies that could be used for the informal women traders. The study revealed that women informal traders engaged in diverse activities for sustainable livelihoods strategies that eradicate poverty. Numerous informal women traders face staid livelihoods challenges, resulting in them living in dire poverty. The study calls on Government and financing institutions to finance them for local empowerment as well as gain access and control of available livelihoods resources in a meaningful way. Thus comprehensive policy interventions and sustainable strategies would enable informal women traders doing business at flea markets to eradicate poverty in Zimbabwe.
Brief psychotherapy administered by non-specialised health workers to address risky substance use in inpatients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis: A feasibility and acceptability study
Authors: Calligaro Gregory , De Wit Zani , Cirota Jacqui , Orrell Catherine , Myers Bronwyn , Decker Sebastian , Stein Dan , Sorsdahl Katherine , Dawson Rodney 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background:Only 55% of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases worldwide complete treatment, with problem substance use a risk for default and treatment failure. Nevertheless, there is little research on psychotherapeutic interventions for reducing substance use among MDR-TB patients in general, and on their delivery by non-specialist health workers in particular.Objectives:To explore the feasibility and acceptability of a non-specialist health worker-delivered 4-session brief motivational interviewing and relapse prevention (MI-RP) intervention for problem substance use and to obtain preliminary data on the effects of this intervention on substance use severity, depressive symptoms, psychological distress and functional impairment at 3 months after hospital discharge.Methods:Between December 2015 and October 2016, consenting MDR-TB patients admitted to Brewelskloof Hospital who screened at moderate to severe risk for substance-related problems on the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) were enrolled, and a baseline questionnaire administered. In the four weeks prior to planned discharge, trained counsellors delivered the MI-RP intervention. The baseline questionnaire was re-administered three-months post-discharge and qualitative interviews were conducted with a randomly selected sample of participants (n=10).Results:Sixty patients were screened: 40 (66%) met inclusion criteria of which 39 (98%) were enrolled. Of the enrolled patients, 26 (67%) completed the counselling sessions and the final assessment. Qualitative interviews revealed participants’ perceptions of the value of the intervention. From baseline to follow-up, patients reported reductions in substance use severity, symptoms of depression, distress and functional impairment.Conclusion:In this feasibility study, participant retention in the study was moderate. We found preliminary evidence supporting the benefits of the intervention for reducing substance use and symptoms of psychological distress, supported by qualitative reports of patient experiences. Randomised studies are needed to demonstrate efficacy of this intervention before considering potential for wider implementation.Trial registration: South African National Clinical Trials Register (DOH-27-0315-5007) on 01/04/2015 (http://www.sanctr.gov.za).
Enzyme additives influence bacterial communities of Medicago sativa silage as determined by Illumina sequencing
Authors: hu zongfu , Ma Deying , Niu huaxin , Chang Jie , Yu Jianhua , Tong Qing , Li Shuguo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of enzymes (cellulase combined with galactosidase) and their combination with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) on bacterial diversity in alfalfa silages using high-throughput sequencing. Alfalfa forages were treated with or without cellulase + ɑ-galactosidase (CEGA), cellulase + LP (CELP), or ɑ-galactosidase + LP (GALP). After 56 days of ensiling, all treated silages exhibited improved fermentation quality, as reflected by decreased pH, ammonium-N and increased lactic acid levels compared to the control silage (P < 0.05). Enzymatic treatment improved nutrient value by increasing crude protein levels and decreasing neutral detergent fibre (NDF) levels (P < 0.05). Silage treatment significantly altered the bacterial community, as determined by PCoA (P < 0.05). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) dominated the bacterial community of the treated silage after ensiling. The dominant bacteria changed from Garciella, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus in the control silage to Lactobacillus and Pediococcus in the CEGA silage and Lactobacillus in the CELP and GALP silages. Collectively, these results suggest that treatment with both enzymes alone and in combination with inoculants greatly increased the abundance of LAB, with Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus observed in the silage treated with enzymes alone (CEGA) and Lactobacillus observed in the silage treated with a combination of enzymes and inoculants (CELP and GALP).