bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B vaccination status and vaccine immune response among children in rural Senegal
Authors: Perieres L , Coste M , Ndiour S , Halfon P , Sokhna C , Ba E , Diallo A , Boyer S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis B vaccination during childhood is key to reduce the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In Senegal, a highly endemic country, the three-dose hepatitis B vaccine and the birth dose vaccine were introduced in the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in 2004 and 2016 respectively. This study aimed to determine chronic HBV infection prevalence, hepatitis B vaccination status and vaccine immunity among children in Senegal.

Methods
A cross-sectional study including HBV screening was conducted at home among children aged 6 months to 15 years (i.e. born after the introduction of the HBV vaccine in the EPI) in the rural zone of Niakhar. Dried Blood Spot (DBS) samples were collected for the detection of HBsAg, anti-HBc Ab and anti-HBs Ab using chemoluminescence. Vaccination status was assessed using information on vaccination cards. Detectable vaccine immunity was defined with an adjusted DBS threshold of DOI≥0.36 IU/mL (corresponding to 10 IU/mL in venous blood sampling).

Results
Between October and December 2018, 455 children were enrolled. Preliminary results show that 7/455 (1.5%) had been in contact with HBV (positive anti-HBc Ab) and 5/455 (1.1%) had chronic HBV infection (positive HBsAg).
Only 161/455 (35.4%) children had a vaccination card available. Among those, 150/161 (93.2%) received at least 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine, of which 83/150 (55.3%) had detectable vaccine immunity. The proportion of children with detectable vaccine immunity was significantly higher in children &lt;5 years than in children aged 5-9 and 10-15 (72.3% versus 47.3%, p = 0.006 and 72.3% versus 14.3%, p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Preliminary results suggest a low prevalence of HBV chronic infection among children born after the introduction of HBV vaccination in Senegal. However, detectable vaccine immunity rapidly decreases with age among vaccinated children, signalling a need for further studies on the immune response to HBV vaccination in this context.

Key messages
HBV chronic infection is low among children born after the introduction of HBV vaccination in Senegal. Further studies on the immune response to HBV vaccination in this context are needed.
Danish policymakers and research evidence in public health policy process
Authors: Loncarevic N , Bertram M , Tanggaard Andersen P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Evidence-informed policymaking in public health, understood as interaction of the best available research evidence and “other types of evidence”, is known to have sound influence on population well-being. However, lack of using and producing research evidence by public health policymakers has been well documented. The aim of this study was to assess policymakers’ research involvement in the research process as well as motivators and barriers for the use and production of research evidence.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey was carried out in the period of Dec 2018 - Jan 2019 using a pre-tested, self-administrated questionnaire. Participants were Danish policymakers’ members of the Danish Society of Public Health (DSPH) and with practical experience being involved in a health policy-making process. The questionnaire was distributed through the DSPH members email list. Reported outcome variables; for this abstract are parts of the larger study: health policymakers’ research involvement in the last 12Mo; policymakers’ motivators and barriers to use and produce research in policy-making.

Results
Response rate: 100/480 (15%). 78% were involved in critical evaluation of research for policy-making; 77% were able to identify relevant research literature; 41% did not use research evidence; 40% did not conduct any surveys; 57% did not write research reports; 65% never used reference systems; 46% did not analyze any research data. The three motivators reported to use and produce research in the last 12Mo were: identification of the problem that needs to be addressed; development of research skills; and job satisfaction. The three main barriers were: other job-related priorities; lack of time for research; lack of research funding.

Conclusions
This study reinforced that public health policymakers need more practical knowledge and skills as well as organizational support and management to use and produce research evidence for evidence-informed policy-making.

Key messages
Successful evidence-informed policymaking requires capacity-building interventions targeting policymakers, supported, implemented and evaluated by their organizations. Policymakers do not dismiss evidence-informed policy practice, but their “positions” and conditions at a work place sometimes do not allow them to fully follow it.
Caesarean section and neonatal outcomes among women of migrant origin in Finland
Authors: Bastola K , Koponen P , Gissler M , Kinnunen T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
In Finland, limited information is available on neonatal disparities among migrant origin women. We investigated differences in caesarean section and neonatal outcomes between migrant and Finnish origin women in Finland.

Methods
National data from the Medical Birth Register of Finland included information on the most recent singleton birth of all women (n = 382 233) between January 2004 and December 2014. We categorized women into nine regional categories based on their country of origin by linked population data from Statistics Finland. Women with Finnish origin were used as a reference group. Our main statistical method was logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, socio-economic status, pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational age, parity, marital status, smoking during pregnancy, and ponderal index.

Results
Compared with Finnish women, Sub-Saharan African women had higher odds for caesarean sections OR 2.14 (95% CI 1.96, 2.33), preterm births OR 1.22 (95% CI 1.0, 1.43), low 5 minutes Apgar score OR 3.73 (95% CI 3.09, 4.49), and intensive care unit care OR 1.39 (95% CI 1.24, 1.56) for newborns. South Asian and East Asian women were at increased risk for caesarean births OR 1.52 (95% CI 1.36, 1.71) and OR 1.19 (95% CI 1.10, 1.28) respectively, preterm birth OR 1.46 (95% CI 1.20, 1.77), and OR 1.28 (95% CI 1.13, 1.46) and low 5 minutes Apgar score OR 2.06 (95% CI 1.55, 2.76), and OR 1.36 (95% CI 1.11, 1.67) compared with Finnish women. Middle Eastern and Latin America/Caribbean women had higher odds for caesarean births OR 1.13 (95% CI 1.02, 1.24), and OR 1.66 (95% CI 1.39, 1.97) respectively and low 5 minutes Apgar score OR 1.69 (95% CI 1.34, 2.14) and OR 2.12, (95% CI 1.37, 3.26) compared with Finnish women.

Conclusions
Groups of women with higher risk for caesarean section and poor neonatal outcomes were identified and they may need more attention in maternal and child health services.

Key messages
Women from Sub-Saharan African, East Asian and South Asian origin had an elevated risk for most of the poor obstetric outcomes compared with Finnish women. Women from East Asian and Russian/former USSR countries had lower risk for caesarean section and newborns care in intensive care unit compared with Finnish women.
Vaccination apps: a missing opportunity from various perspectives?
Authors: Catozzi D , Gualano M R , Kakaa O , Voglino G , Bert F , Siliquini R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Apps for vaccination are rarely a topic in scientific literature, despite the growth of interest in mobile applications about physical exercise, food intake and even chronic diseases management. Since 2014 WHO is wishing and technically supporting the development of a pan-European vaccination app to overcome the trending vaccine hesitancy, and instituted this year a Department of Digital Health. This research aims to evaluate apps for general population, and parents in particular.

Methods
We looked for apps from Google Play Store, the official Android store, searching single words related to vaccination with an Italian IP address, then exporting results. The research provided 1086 univocal apps that underwent a selection based on title, marketplace description and website if available, and further classified by category and other variables.

Results
The 117 selected apps were downloaded 15 million times in total. The most common category is vaccination reminder and recorder (41% of apps with 2.4 mln downloads - DL), alone or as a part of a broad health manager, mostly designed for parents. The second one is medical education apps (35%, 343k DL) most of which in English and designed for healthcare professionals, then games (10.3% of apps but the most downloaded with 12 mln DL), appointment makers (7.7%, 122k DL) powered by Regional Healthcare Service, and vaccination travel managers (6%, 13k DL). Only 26.5% provided both description and app content in Italian.

Conclusions
While literature states reminding apps may be a helpful resource to ease the completion of vaccinal duty, the n° of downloads shows a lack of interest or expose flaws in their features (e.g. absence of translation). This study also displays offer fragmentation regarding these new technological opportunities to raise vaccination awareness among peoples: neither a single Italian app is provided by the Ministry, nor a pan-European app by E.U., making WHO’s wishes even more actual today.

Key messages
Vaccination reminder apps are a helpful but under-utilized tool for parents, maybe due to offer fragmentation, lack of translation and need of country adaptations. The creation of a centralized information service for mobile users is a challenge for European Digital Health in times of trending vaccine hesitancy.
The impact of a national public awareness campaign on dementia knowledge and help-seeking in Ireland
Authors: Hickey D , Glynn R W , Shelley E , Lawlor B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Dementia is a growing public health issue in Ireland primarily due to the ageing population. Increasing public knowledge of dementia has been identified as a key priority to reduce disease burden. This study evaluated the impact of a dementia communication campaign on dementia knowledge and help-seeking intention among the general public in Ireland.

Methods
In 2016, a nationally-representative sample of over 1,200 adults in Ireland was surveyed to inform a nationwide dementia awareness campaign entitled Understand Together. Multiple factors were examined including sociodemographic characteristics, dementia advertising awareness, dementia knowledge and help-seeking intention. A similar survey (N = 1,003) was conducted in 2018 to evaluate public awareness of the campaign and its association with dementia knowledge and help-seeking intention. Data from the 2016 and 2018 surveys were analysed using univariable analysis and logistic regression, adjusted for sociodemographics.

Results
Awareness of dementia advertising increased from 17% (2016) to 32% (2018) (p &lt; 0.001). Women (OR 1.51, 95%CI 1.14-2.00), rural residents (OR 1.48, 95%CI 1.10-2.00), respondents aged 40-59 years (OR 1.96, 95%CI 1.40-2.74) or 60+ years (OR 2.18, 95%CI 1.47-3.22), and those who knew someone with dementia (OR 2.06, 95%CI 1.55-2.75) were more likely to be aware of the campaign. Very good or good dementia knowledge and awareness that dementia risk is modifiable increased from 24% to 33% (p &lt; 0.05) and 46% to 52% (p &lt; 0.05), respectively. There was a linear association between campaign awareness and both help-seeking (OR 1.81, 95%CI 1.36-2.40) and holding a positive view of the potential benefits of early diagnosis (OR 1.97, 95%CI 1.35-2.88).

Conclusions
The ongoing campaign, as well as future communication strategies, should continue to focus on increasing awareness of modifiable risk to support prevention. Campaign messaging/modalities should be targeted at harder to reach population groups.

Key messages
Public communication on dementia can improve knowledge and help-seeking. Health communication campaign evaluation can identify, and inform the targeting of, hard to reach population groups.
Public participation in health data governance: a scoping review
Authors: De Freitas C , Silva S , Maia T , Amorim M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The sheer growth of the health data shared and traded globally holds great promise and menace to public health. Big health data can foster scientific advancements with potential to heal millions across the globe. However, inerasable digital footprints left by the use of apps and digital services challenge people’s privacy and autonomy in (un)foreseeable ways that may cause them to stop sharing data. While many argue that public participation in data governance is a right, others view it as a means to increase data subjects’ recruitment and amass large quantities of data. Little systematic knowledge exists, however, about the arguments for and impact of public participation on health data policy and management.

Methods
A descriptive systematic scoping review was performed. Studies indexed in PubMed, WoS and PsycINFO published until March 2019 were searched. Only empirical, original, peer-reviewed studies reporting on public participation on health data governance were included. Eligibility and data extraction were performed by 3 researchers.

Results
The 21 studies analyzed point to public participation in several governance dimensions including data access, linkage, dissemination and policy. Involvement of (potential) data subjects in health data governance was substantiated by democratic arguments of legitimacy, transparency and accountability. However, the need to earn public support for data generation and use can override these arguments and foster utilitarian approaches that may transform participatory exercises into a technology of legitimation for a priori made decisions. Furthermore, although public participation in data governance can deliver instrumental benefits (e.g. participant-centred data policy), systematic assessment of participatory exercises’ impact is lacking.

Conclusions
Public participation in health data governance can promote public trust in and thrust for science. Further research is needed to fully assess its impact.

Key messages
Democratic-led participatory exercises in health data governance can foster public trust in science. Further research is needed to fully assess the impact of public participation in data governance.
How primary care and public health interact in local health contracts in France?
Authors: Kendir M s , Bodo Mr Le , Breton M r , Bourgueil M r 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

The demographic and epidemiological changes orient health care services towards communities with a focus on prevention and health promotion. Moreover, in France, the rapid decline of General Practitioners affect access to care in certain areas. Thus, it has made a call for interaction of primary care (PC) services and public health which can be strengthened by the actions at the local level. In 2009, the local health contracts (Contract local de santé; CLS) were developed to foster collaborative actions on the social determinants of health and to improve access to care. Considering the critical contribution of PC in these issues, one may ask how CLS mobilized PC and facilitate linkages between actions oriented toward population and primary care.
The objective of this ancillary study (part of the CloterreS project), is to explore how often and how CLS involve PC in access to care and public health related actions.
A mixed-method study based on document analysis, with a random sample of 17 CLSs (N = 165) from all French regions, was developed. A quantitative analysis of the 440 forms identified in 17 CLS computed frequency of involvement of PC actors and/or PC organizations and a qualitative analysis defined typology of interactions.
All CLS and 20.1% (n = 86) of the forms involved PC actors and 43.2% (n = 185) concerned access to care. Of the access to care forms, 35.7% (n = 66) concerned PC. The most common strategies related to actions on the health workforce and on planning of services. The role of primary care professionals was as the target of the action and rarely as leader and partner.
PC, mostly GP’s involvement, had a big place and access to care was at the core of local health contracts. The impact of CLS as an instrument to invite interaction public health and healthcare at the local level should be further assessed.

Key messages
Many of the local access to care actions involved primary care professionals. The local level appears strategic to integrate public health and health services yet more evidence is needed on its role.
Prison health: governance and monitoring do matter
Authors: Lopez-Acuña D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This presentation will focus on the concept of good governance for prison health, touching upon concepts such as equivalence of care, independent healthcare, standards of care and human rights approaches to healthcare in detained settings. Effective governance and policymaking are supported and fostered by timely and accurate information, however this is largely lacking in European prison systems. Although some steps ahead have been made with the launch of the Health in Prisons European Database (HIPED) in 2016, strengthening health information systems in prison settings is a key priority.
Exploring online anti-vaccination movements: the role of social media in public health communications and reporting
Authors: Soborg B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Vaccination against Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) was successfully introduced in the Danish childhood vaccination program in 2009 for girls aged 12 with coverage reaching approximately 90%. However, media attention focusing on vaccine safety resulted in a rapid drop in vaccination coverage from 2015. In May 2017, a national campaign “Stop HPV - stop cervical cancer” with aim to regain trust in the official HPV vaccine recommendation and to increase vaccination coverage, was launched. The primary target group of the campaign are mothers in doubt whether to HPV vaccinate their daughter. One of the main elements of the campaign is the social media strategy which includes a Facebook (FB) page “Stop HPV - stop cervical cancer”. New content is made for the page one or twice weekly with a wide range of different post styles used. The FB page is staffed throughout the week and every comment made on the FB page personally answered by the staff. The communication strategy used for the campaign is “heart-brain” with a strategy of communicating “brain” facts about safety and effectiveness of the vaccine while on the other hand telling narrative “heart” stories, such as personal stories of women with cervical cancer. The strategy is in line with recommendations from World Health Organization (WHO) who acknowledge health communication related to vaccines is not only about telling facts, but also about eliciting emotions, creating trust and ensuring genuine understanding by the target group. Communicating on FB about the Childhood vaccination programme has not been used by the Danish Authorities before and there has been a keen interest to learn from the campaign initiative. To quantify and qualify the interaction on Facebook, engagement rates and sentiment analysis to the different types of FB posts have been evaluated and focus groups used to describe the preferred communication style. Data from the evaluation and the impact of the campaign will be presented at the workshop.
Taking the high road: The politics of win-win approaches
Authors: Gingrich J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Policy is rarely a direct reflection of public opinion. Party systems and patterns of political competition shape the way issues are presented in politics and the incentive politicians have to act on them. Despite the alleged pro-elderly bias of many political institutions in European countries, and the potential for some types of spending on the elderly to provide broader social benefits, policymakers often do not introduce the most effective policies for supporting healthy ageing.

Methods
Political manifestos and voting patterns will be examined in order to determine how/if public opinions are translating into changes in government that want to tear down the welfare state and blame it on ageing.

Results
Although it is true that public spending (e.g. pensions, health) on the elderly remains more extensive and insulated from cuts than other forms of spending, second, in many (not all) countries policies that would help the elderly age in a healthy way are to introduced. These latter policies, which include spending on the poorest elderly, ensuring access to high quality home care and other services, and investing in declining regions where elderly people are often disproportionately likely to live, often are limited.

Conclusions
Where cross-class/cross-generational coalitions come together to address gender inequities (among the elderly and working age), and develop public services, high road models are possible. Where conflict is framed largely inter-generationally, the well-being of pensioners may be preserved in the short-run, but less investment in the long-run infrastructure of healthy ageing emerges. To make these arguments, the paper shows descriptive patterns of policy developments from the 1980s to today, combined with a brief case study of the UK.
Education, lifestyle and life course differences in level of work incapacity – genes and environment
Authors: Seglem K , Torvik F , Røysamb E , Gjerde L C , Magnus P , Reichborn-Kjennerud T , Svedberg P , Ørstavik R , Vollrath M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
As many countries face an aging workforce, it is becoming ever more relevant to understand the underlying causes of work incapacity across the entire working age. Previous twin studies have demonstrated that work incapacity is influenced by genetic as well as environmental factors. Furthermore, educational attainment and lifestyle behaviors are relatively stable from early adulthood and are associated with work incapacity. This association may be confounded by unobserved factors - both genetic and environmental. In two separate twin studies, we examine 1) the stability and change in genetic and environmental factors influencing work incapacity from age 18 until retirement, and sex differences in these effects, and 2) the associations and likelihood of causality between educational attainment, lifestyle and sickness absence.

Methods
study 1: A population-based sample of 28,759 twins were linked to high quality national registry data and followed for up to 23 years. We measured work incapacity as the total proportion of potential workdays lost due to sickness absence, rehabilitation, and disability benefits.
study 2: Data from a subsample of 8,806 twins who completed health questionnaires were linked to registry data on sickness absence and educational attainment. Self-reported lifestyle behaviors were smoking, physical activity and BMI (height and weight).

Results
study 1: Structural equation modeling indicated moderate genetic influences on work incapacity throughout life in both men and women, with a high degree of genetic stability from young to old adulthood.
study 2: Preliminary regression analyses indicated that genetic factors largely confound the associations between educational attainment, lifestyle and sickness absence.

Conclusions
Genetic factors seem to be a major issue in understanding causes of work incapacity. Largely the same genetic factors influence individual differences in work incapacity throughout working age.