bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male‐specific Y‐chromosomal regions in waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)
Authors: Montgomery Jacob S. , Giacomini Darci A. , Weigel Detlef , Tranel Patrick J. 
Published: December 2020

Summary

Amaranthus tuberculatus and Amaranthus palmeri are agronomically important weed species, both with stable dioecious reproductive systems. An understanding of the genetic basis of sex determination may lead to new methods of managing these troublesome weeds. Previous research identified genomic sequences associated with maleness in each species.

Male‐specific sequences were used to identify genomic regions in both species that are believed to contain sex‐determining genes, i.e. the male‐specific Y (MSY) region. These regions were compared to understand if sex determination is controlled via the same physiological pathway and if dioecy evolved independently.

A contiguously assembled candidate MSY region identified in Amaranthus palmeri is approximately 1.3 Mb with 121 predicted gene models. In Amaranthus tuberculatus, several contigs, with combined length of 4.6 Mb and with 147 gene models, were identified as belonging to the MSY region. Synteny was not detected between the two species’ candidate MSY regions but they shared two predicted genes.

With lists of candidate genes for sex determination containing fewer than 200 in each species, future research can address whether sex determination is controlled via similar physiological pathways and whether dioecy has indeed evolved independently in these species.
Stability of single‐jaw vs two‐jaw surgery following the correction of skeletal class III malocclusion: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rizk Mumen Z. , Torgersbråten Nina , Mohammed Hisham , Franzen Tanya Jeanette , Vandevska‐Radunovic Vaska 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis review aims to compare the stability of sagittal skeletal and overjet anteroposterior correction of skeletal class III malocclusion in single‐jaw and two‐jaw orthognathic procedures. An unrestricted comprehensive electronic search was undertaken on Embase, Cochrane's CENTRAL, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus and LILACs databases up to October 2020. The bibliographies of relevant studies, ongoing, unpublished and grey literature were screened. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, bias assessment and data extraction; a third reviewer mediated inconsistencies. Randomized clinical trials, prospective cohort, retrospective cohort and series with a minimum of 1 year follow‐up were eligible for inclusion. Additional subgroup analyses were undertaken. The generated effects were scored using the GRADE approach. Nine articles met the inclusion criteria and eight studies were subsequently analysed quantitatively. No significant difference in sagittal stability at the ANB angle, A‐point or B‐point on a short‐term was detected. However, a statistically significant difference, indicating a greater short‐term relapse in overjet with mandibular setbacks alone, was found (MD: −0.40 mm; 95% CI −0.77 to −0.04; I2: 0%; P = .03). Long‐term follow‐up (≥5 years) revealed a statistically non‐significant difference in stability of sagittal skeletal and overjet corrections. Within the limitations of this review, both procedures seem to offer comparable skeletal and overjet stability outcomes; however, further high‐quality research is required to confirm these findings.
Predicting mandibular growth based on CVM stage and gender and with chronological age as a curvilinear variable
Authors: Franchi Lorenzo , Nieri Michele , McNamara James A. , Giuntini Veronica 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop a prediction model that combines the information derived from chronological age (analysed as a curvilinear variable), gender and the CVM method to predict mandibular growth.Settings and Sample Population50 participants (29 females, 21 males) were selected from the AAOF Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection, the Michigan Growth Study and the Denver Child Growth study.Materials and MethodsIn this investigation, 456 lateral cephalograms were analysed by applying a mixed effect model. The outcome variable was the annualized increment in total mandibular length (Co‐Gn) during the year following the lateral cephalogram on which the cervical stage and chronological age were evaluated. The predictive variables were chronological age up to the fifth order, gender, stage of cervical vertebral maturation, as well as interactions between age and gender, age and cervical stage, and gender and cervical stage.ResultsCervical stage, chronological age up to the fourth order, gender, and the interaction between age and gender were significant predictors of annualized increments in mandibular length. The annualized increment in Co‐Gn was significantly greater for CS 3 when compared to all other cervical stages. Further, annualized increments in Co‐Gn for CS 1 and CS 2 were significantly greater when compared to CS 5.ConclusionsCervical stage, chronological age and gender can be used jointly to predict the annualized increment in mandibular growth. Cervical stage 3 exhibited the greatest annualized increase in mandibular length.
Technological revolution in the US energy sector, understanding the implications for the US dependency on fossil energy imports
Authors: Mourdghaffari Mohammad , Daheshiar Hussein , Hajimineh Rahmat , Shafiei Hasan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDuring various periods, the United States (the US) has adopted diverse policies for achieving self‐sufficiency in supplying its required energy. Technological revolution that has begun from a decade ago pursues the goal of energy independency. Using new technologies for developing its unconventional oil and gas resources, the United States has taken steps in line with the accomplishment of its objective of energy independence. Numerous articles have examined the various technical, economic and political aspects and consequences of the US technological revolution. This paper, in a new and innovative approach based on theoretical framework of neorealism, aims to show the implications of technological revolution in energy sector on the US dependency on fossil energy imports. Efforts will be made to find an answer to this main question as to what effects have the technological revolution occurrence in energy sector had on the US dependency on the fossil energy imports? In response, the study's main hypothesis is that, the US policy to exploit the unconventional oil and gas resources through technological revolution can be elaborated within the framework of the self‐sufficiency strategy for energy production in line with the reduction of the threats stemming from dependency on the oil and gas imports.
The management consultancy effect: Demand inflation and its consequences in the sourcing of external knowledge
Authors: Sturdy Andrew J. , Kirkpatrick Ian , Reguera Nuria , Blanco‐Oliver Antonio , Veronesi Gianluca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe growing use of external management consultancy services by public sector organizations has generated controversy. Some claim that users have become overreliant on, or even addicted to, this source of knowledge. However, our understanding of this phenomenon and the precise nature of its risks is underdeveloped. In this article, we address these concerns by focusing on whether using consulting services inflates future demand and on its consequences for efficiency. This is examined in the context of the English National Health Service and the adoption of New Public Management practices such as outsourcing and private finance initiative contracting. Based on an analysis of four years of data, the results suggest that using consulting services is associated with demand inflation and has negative implications for client organizational efficiency. These findings reveal a strong management consultancy effect, emphasizing the risks associated with demand inflation, with implications for both theory and policy.
Market access and resource endowment define the soil fertility status of smallholder farming systems of South‐Kivu, DR Congo
Authors: Balume Kayani Isaac , Agumas Birhanu , Musyoki Mary , Nziguheba Generose , Marohn Carsten , Benz Martin , Vanlauwe Bernard , Cadisch Georg , Rasche Frank 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study verified the inter‐related effect of ‘market distance’, defined as walking time, ‘farm typology’, defined as resource endowment, and ‘site’, defined as geographic location with contrasting agro‐ecologies, as well as farmers’ indigenous knowledge on soil fertility variability in smallholder farming systems in two distinct regions (Bushumba, Mushinga) of South‐Kivu, DR Congo. A total of 384 soil samples were selected from representative farmers’ fields and analysed for soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC) content and quality, as well as nutrient contents, using midDRIFTS (mid‐infrared diffuse reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy) and wet chemistry analyses. MidDRIFTS was also used to calculate SOC stability indexes as SOC quality proxies. ‘Market distance’ and ‘farm typology’ were key determinants of soil fertility variability, both with contrasting trends in Bushumba and Mushinga. Decreasing soil fertility with increasing market distance was noted across all farm typologies. ‘Farm typology’ was related to exchangeable calcium and magnesium, while ‘site’ resulted in a difference of plant available phosphorus. SOC quality indexes were related to ‘site’, interacting with ‘market distance’. A ‘market distance’ effect became obvious in the medium wealthy and poor farms of Mushinga, where a lower SOC quality in remote fields plots was noted with increasing market distance. In agreement with farmers’ indigenous knowledge, soil fertility levels were higher in deep than shallow soils, which were reflected in higher nutrient stocks in deep soils receiving organic amendments. Our results inferred that soil fertility variability across smallholder farms must consider various inter‐related determinants as basis for site‐specific fertility management interventions.
A simplified extracorporeal photopheresis procedure based on single high‐dose ultraviolet A light irradiation shows similar in vitro efficacy
Authors: Buchele Vera , Hackstein Holger 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundExtracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is one of the most widely used and effective cell‐based therapies for the treatment of T‐cell–mediated diseases. The patients' white blood cells (WBCs) are collected by apheresis and exposed to the photosensitizer 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP) and ultraviolet A (UVA) light before retransfusion. The UVA/8‐MOP combination has been in use in ECP for more than 4 decades; however, whether ECP can be simplified by UVA light irradiation only has never been analyzed.Study Design and MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells were treated with classical ECP or different UVA light doses only (UVAonly). Treatment efficacy was investigated by apoptosis induction in WBC subsets, inhibition of T‐cell proliferation, and the ability of monocytes to induce allogeneic T‐cell expansion and to respond to lipopolysaccharide and interferon‐γ stimulation in vitro.ResultsHigh‐dose UVAonly treatment (5 J/cm2) was as efficient as ECP to induce apoptosis within 48 hours. UVAonly treatment modulated the composition of the surviving cells by improving monocyte survival and promoting CD8+ T‐cell apoptosis. Both ECP and UVAonly treatment inhibited anti‐CD3/anti‐CD28 triggered T‐cell proliferation. Interestingly, whereas ECP‐treated monocytes exhibited a markedly reduced capacity to respond to stimulation and to induce allogeneic T‐cell proliferation, UVAonly treatment preserved monocyte functionality to some degree.ConclusionsHigh‐dose UVAonly and standard ECP showed comparable efficacy in inducing apoptosis and inhibiting direct T‐cell proliferation. Hence, UVAonly treatment can be a simplified alternative to ECP therapy. Furthermore, increased monocyte survival with partially preserved functionality after UVAonly treatment may provide a novel method for immunoregulation.
The Persianization of English in multilingual Tehran
Authors: Sahranavard Neda , Lee Jerry Won 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article examines the uses of English in the multilingual cityscape of Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Drawing from photographic data of 400 publicly visible signs in Tehran, this study aims to understand the various ways in which English, as both a linguistic and cultural resource, operates in tandem with emergent Iranian cultural practices in the context of globalization, especially in relation to the centrality of Persianness to contemporary Iranian national identity. The article, in addition to offering a sociolinguistic history and contemporary portrait of English in Iran, demonstrates how English is used not only to index Western cultural influences and ideals but also how English is relocalized in accordance with the local communicative needs of contemporary Iranians in Tehran. We refer to this phenomenon as the Persianization of English, in which English operates in a discursive field delinked from its indexes to Western culture.
Kriging Approach Dedicated to Represent Hydrodynamic Bearings
Authors: Silva Barbosa Jefferson , Campanine Sicchieri Leonardo , Dourado Arinan De Piemonte , Cavalini Aldemir Ap , Steffen Valder 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The mathematical modeling of journal bearings has advanced significantly since the Reynolds equation was first proposed. Advances in the processing capacity of computers and numerical techniques led to multiphysical models that are able to describe the behavior of hydrodynamic bearings. However, many researchers prefer to apply simple models of these components in rotor-bearing analyses due to the computational effort that complex models require. Surrogate modeling techniques are statistical procedures that can be applied to represent complex models. In this work, Kriging models are formulated to substitute the thermohydrodynamic (THD) models of three different bearings found in a Francis hydropower unit, namely, a cylindrical journal (CJ) bearing, a tilting-pad journal (TPJ) bearing, and a tilting-pad thrust (TPT) bearing. The results determined by using the proposed approach reveal that Kriging models can be satisfactorily used as surrogate THD models of hydrodynamic bearings.
‘As easy as riding a bike’: a systematic review of injuries and illness in road cycling
Authors: Rooney Dáire , Sarriegui Inigo , Heron Neil 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo allow the implementation of effective injury and illness prevention programmes for road cyclists, we wanted to first identify the injury/illness burden to this group of athletes. We, therefore, undertook a systematic review of all reported injuries/illness in road cycling.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesIdentification of articles was achieved through a comprehensive search of: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from inception until January 2020.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies reporting injuries/illness in adults participating in road cycling. Cycling commuter studies were excluded from the analysis.MethodTwo review authors independently screened titles and abstracts for eligibility and trial quality. Initial search criteria returned 52 titles and abstracts to be reviewed, with 12 studies included after reviewing the full text articles.ResultsThe most common injuries sustained were abrasions, lacerations and haematomas accounting for 40–60% of the total injuries recorded. Fractures (6–15%) were the second most frequent type of injury. Head injuries (including concussions) accounted for 5–15% of injuries with musculotendinous injuries accounting for 2–17.5%. The upper limb was more frequently affected by injuries than the lower limb, with amateurs appearing to be at higher risk of injury/illness than professionals. Clavicle was the prevalent fracture, with patellofemoral syndrome the number one overuse diagnosis. No meta-analysis of the results was undertaken due to the inconsistent methods of reporting.ConclusionThis is the first systematic review of road cycling injuries. Injuries most often affected the upper limb, with clavicle being the most prevalent fracture and the most common overuse injury being patellofemoral syndrome.
In vitro degradation of low-density polyethylene by new bacteria from larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella
Authors: Montazer Zahra , Habibi Najafi Mohammad B. , Levin David B. 
Published: December 2020

Three bacterial species isolated from whole body extracts of the greater wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella, were evaluated for their ability to utilize low-density polyethylene (LDPE) as a sole carbon source in vitro. These bacteria were identified as Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Bacillus aryabhattai, and Microbacterium oxydans. Their ability to biodegrade LDPE was assessed by growth curves, cell biomass production, polyethylene (PE) weight loss, and the presence of LDPE hydrolysis products in the growth media. Consortia of these bacteria with three other bacteria previously shown to degrade LDPE (Cupriavidus necator H16, Pseudomonas putida LS46, and Pseudomonas putida IRN22) were also tested. Growth curves of the bacteria utilizing LDPE as a sole carbon source revealed a peak in cell density after 24 h. Cell densities declined by 48 h but slowly increased again to different extents, depending on the bacteria. Incubation of LDPE with bacteria isolated from greater wax moth larvae had significant effects on bacterial cell mass production and weight loss of LDPE in PE-containing media. The bacterial consortia were better able to degrade LDPE than were the individual species alone. Gas chromatographic analyses revealed the presence of linear alkanes and other unknown putative LDPE hydrolysis products in some of bacterial culture media.
Gauss–Bonnet term corrections in scalar field cosmology
Authors: Fomin Igor 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe influence of non-minimal coupling of a scalar field and the Gauss–Bonnet term on the inflationary stage of evolution of the universe is investigated in this paper. The main cosmological effects of such a coupling were considered. The deviations between Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet inflation and standard one based on Einstein gravity were determined. The corrections of a weak GB coupling preserving the type of the scalar field potential to standard inflationary models is considered as well.
Measurement of the $$e^+e^- \rightarrow K^+ K^- \pi ^0$$ cross section with the SND detector
Authors: Achasov M. N. , Barnyakov A. Yu. , Barnyakov M. Yu. , Baykov A. A. , Beloborodov K. I. , Berdyugin A. V. , Berkaev D. E. , Bogdanchikov A. G. , Botov A. A. , Buzykaev A. R. , Dimova T. V. , Druzhinin V. P. , Golubev V. B. , Kardapoltsev L. V. , Kharlamov A. G. , Korol A. A. , Kovrizhin D. P. , Kravchenko E. A. , Kupich A. S. , Lysenko A. P. , Martin K. A. , Muchnoy N. Yu. , Melnikova N. A. , Obrazovsky A. E. , Onuchin A. P. , Pakhtusova E. V. , Perevedentsev E. A. , Pugachev K. V. , Savchenko Y. S. , Serednyakov S. I. , Shatunov P. Yu. , Shatunov Yu. M. , Shtol D. A. , Shwartz D. B. , Silagadze Z. K. , Surin I. K. , Tikhonov Yu. A. , Usov Yu. V. , Zemlyansky I. M. , Zhabin V. N. , Zhulanov V. V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe process $$e^+e^-\rightarrow K^+K^-\pi ^0$$

e
+

e
-

→

K
+

K
-

π
0

is studied with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
-

collider. Basing on data with an integrated luminosity of 26.4 $$\hbox {pb}^{-1}$$

pb

-
1

we measure the $$e^+e^-\rightarrow K^+K^-\pi ^0$$

e
+

e
-

→

K
+

K
-

π
0

cross section in the center-of-mass energy range from 1.28 up to 2 GeV. The measured mass spectrum of the $$K\pi $$

K
π

system indicates that the dominant mechanism of this reaction is the transition through the $$K^{*}(892)K$$

K

∗

(
892
)

K

intermediate state. The cross section for the $$\phi \pi ^0$$

ϕ

π
0

intermediate state is measured separately. The SND results are consistent with previous measurements in the BABAR experiment and have comparable accuracy. We study the effect of the interference between the $$\phi \pi ^0$$

ϕ

π
0

and $$K^*K$$

K
∗

K

amplitudes. It is found that the interference gives sizable contribution to the measured $$e^+e^- \rightarrow \phi \pi ^0\rightarrow K^+K^-\pi ^0$$

e
+

e
-

→
ϕ

π
0

→

K
+

K
-

π
0

cross section below 1.7 GeV.
Super-Penrose process for extremal charged white holes
Authors: Zaslavskii O. B. 
Published: December 2020

We consider collision of two particles 1 and 2 near the horizon of the extremal Reissner–Nordström (RN) black hole that produces two other particles 3 and 4. There exists such a scenario that both new particles fall into a black hole. One of them emerges from the white hole horizon in the asymptotically flat region, and the other one oscillates between turning points. However, the unbounded energies [Formula: see text] at infinity (super-Penrose process (SPP)) turn out to be impossible for any finite angular momenta [Formula: see text]. In this sense, the situation for such a white hole scenarios is opposite to the black hole ones, where the SPP is found earlier to be possible for the RN metric even for all [Formula: see text]. However, if [Formula: see text] themselves are unbounded, the SPP does exist for white holes.
On generalized configuration space and its homotopy groups
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhao Xuezhi 
Published: December 2020

Let [Formula: see text] be a subset of vector space or projective space. The authors define generalized configuration space of [Formula: see text] which is formed by [Formula: see text]-tuples of elements of [Formula: see text], where any [Formula: see text] elements of each [Formula: see text]-tuple are linearly independent. The generalized configuration space gives a generalization of Fadell’s classical configuration space, and Stiefel manifold. Denote generalized configuration space of [Formula: see text] by [Formula: see text]. For studying topological property of the generalized configuration spaces, the authors calculate homotopy groups for some special cases. This paper gives the fundamental groups of generalized configuration spaces of [Formula: see text] for some special cases, and the connections between the homotopy groups of generalized configuration spaces of [Formula: see text] and the homotopy groups of Stiefel manifolds. It is also proved that the higher homotopy groups of generalized configuration spaces [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are isomorphic.