bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in a Tertiary Centre in Western Region, Nepal
Authors: Pun Chandra Bahadur , Tuladhar Sarita , Upadhyaya Tirtha Lal , Gurung Jamuna , Dhungana Durga 
Published: December 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a multisystem disease. It has multiple complications like retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, diabetes ketoacidosis, and stroke. Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is one of the blinding complications of diabetes. This study was done to find out the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients attending in the outpatient department (OPD) of internal medicine, Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital (GMCTHRC), Pokhara, Nepal.
Materials and Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was performed among the 200 diabetes mellitus patients attending in the medicine OPD from 15th December 2017 to 15thDecember 2018. They were referred to eye OPD of GMC. The detailed eye examination including fundus evaluation under mydriasis was done to all the patients. The diagnosis of DR was graded using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study classification (ETDRS). Patients having hypertension and other retinal diseases were excluded from the study. Data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPPS) version 11.20.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 63.02 ±11.8 years. In our study 60.5% of the patients were male and 39.5% were female. Diabetes retinopathy was seen in 29.5% patients, of which non proliferative diabetes retinopathy (NPDR) was present in 19.5%, proliferative diabetes retinopathy (PDR) in 9.5% and 0.5% had diabetes maculopathy.
Conclusion: The prevalence of DR is quite significant in the people with diabetes. Early diagnosis and management of retinopathy will help to avoid blindness due to the diabetic retinopathy.
Radio Wrocław w środowisku upolitycznionym
Authors: Szot Lucyna 
Published: December 2020

Celem niniejszego studium przypadku regionalnego Radia Wrocław jest analiza uwarunkowań paralelizmu politycznego w kontekście profesjonalizmu i niezależności dziennikarzy. Zakładano, iż wpływy polityczne Prawa i Sprawiedliwości po 2015 roku znajdują istotne odzwierciedlenie w funkcjonowaniu publicznego Radia Wrocław, a zasady stanowiące o profesjonalizmie zawodowym dziennikarzy tej rozgłośni, w tym klasyczne postawy bezstronności i obiektywizmu, są zagrożone. Istotnymi zmiennymi zależnymi były wartości, z jakimi utożsamiają się dziennikarze (m.in. sukces zawodowy i niezależność), oraz mechanizmy polityki kadrowej. Metody badań: badania ilościowe, przeprowadzone przez autorkę w latach 2011–2012 i 2020 metodą ankietową na dwóch próbach celowych. Analizą objęto także badania fokusowe zrealizowane w 2015 roku przez wrocławską pracownię BEELINE Research & Consulting. Wyniki i wnioski: zmiany wprowadzane w Radiu Wrocław w latach 2016–2019 miały wszechstronny charakter. W kontekście politycznym szczególnie istotne były te dotyczące kadry zarządzającej oraz linii programowej redakcji po 2017 roku. Badania empiryczne przeprowadzone w 2020 roku ukazują konsekwencje tych zmian, w postaci spadku słuchalności oraz pojawienia się nowych – w stosunku do badań z lat 2011–2012 – preferencji w hierarchii wartości dziennikarzy (związanych ze światopoglądem chrześcijańskim). Oryginalność i wartość poznawcza: próba diagnozy zjawiska paralelizmu politycznego w regionalnym radiu publicznym może stanowić cenne wprowadzenie do problematyki komunikowania politycznego z udziałem mediów publicznych. W procesie budowy kapitału społecznego kluczowe znaczenie mają orientacje zawodowe dziennikarzy, stanowiące istotny komponent wiedzy na temat wykorzystania mediów publicznych w zarządzaniu partycypacyjnym. Wyniki analizy tego zagadnienia mogą pomóc w formułowaniu rekomendacjidotyczących rozwiązań legislacyjnych i strategicznych na poziomie regionalnym i krajowym.
*Istotne fragmenty niniejszego artykułu, obejmujące charakterystykę Radia Wrocław i wprowadzanychw nim zmian, opublikowałam wcześniej w artykule Pionierska cyfryzacja Radia Wrocław, „Studia i Perspek-tywy Medioznawcze”, 2, 2020, s. 97–113.
“Silver economy” as a resorce of inclusive development of the national economy
Authors: Zhukovska Alina 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. For a long period time, the world scientific community has been actively working on finding out the directions, methods, instruments and mechanisms for the economic growth provision. The current trends in the world economy have led scientists to recognize that the market economy alone is not able to solve the key social problems and that economic development alone is not enough to ensure the full effective development of the state. That is why the concept of the inclusive economic development is especially relevant today. Elderly people have significant potential to achieve the inclusive development objectives. On the one hand, the elderly people cause a serious problem connected with the budget imbalances, and on the other hand, they are a new resource for the inclusive development through the expansion of the labor market, consumption and production.Objective: to study the genesis of the «silver economy» conception, analyze its theoretical provisions, establish a connection with the conception of «inclusive economy», substantiate the prospects for the development of the «silver economy» for the foreseeable future and develop the public policy measures to provide the deepening of the integration of the elderly people into the economic life of society.Methods. To achieve this objective the following general and special methods are used: induction and deduction, logical generalization, analysis and synthesis, comparison, grouping.Results. The genesis and chronology of the conception of «silver economy» are studied. The conceptual apparatus of the concept of «silver economy» is examined through the prism of the terms used in this study. The author’s definition of the concept of «silver economy» is offered and its connection with the conception of the «inclusive development» is established. The basic models of the «silver economy», developed by the foreign scientists are studied. The prospects for the development of the «silver economy» for the nearest future are outlined. The perspective directions of the «silver economy» development are defined. A list of state policy measures that will promote the development of the «silver economy» in the country is offered.Discussion. Further research should be aimed at outlining the prospects for using the basic provisions of the concept of «silver economy» in the domestic economy.
Theoretical and organizational aspects of optimization of activities of trade enterprises based on the logistic approach
Authors: Boichyk Iryna , Spyk Halyna , Voloshyn Orysya 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Trade enterprises aim to meet consumer demand and, as a result, make a profit. Uncertainty of the external environment and the presence of a number of different problems in the economic activity of trade enterprises necessitates a revision of approaches to the formation of trade and technological processes and their optimization based on the use of modern logistics tools.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to justify the need for the use of logistic tools in organizing trade and technological processes at trade enterprises, to identify the relevant stages of the implementation of logistics, the specificity of the main elements of the trading process.Methods. To establish and identify the constituent elements of trade and technological processes, the study used analytical empiricism with an emphasis on the logistic approach, which allows the formation of effective trading activities based on the optimization of logistic processes. The study used the method of assessment and generalization to develop and substantiate proposals aimed at the development of trading activities on a logistical basis. results. A conceptual approach to the introduction of logistics at trade enterprises has been formed taking into account the possibilities of optimizing the movement of goods based on high-quality information support for goods flows and their material and financial support. The study substantiates that the effective development of a trading company is possible by combining two important components of the process: a set of trading and technological processes, which are a totality of logistic operations for selling goods to customers and management of trade and technological processes. The result of the study is also the authentication of the stages of the formation of the logistics system and the development of the trading company, creating opportunities for the development of subsystems for managing its productivity, including through the use of modern information systems and platforms. Discussion. In this context, perspective direction of further research is the development of methods of analysis of actual indicators, research of components of formation of information support of reengineering of trade and technological processes of trade enterprises with use of modern software products and their resource potential.
Efficiency of the enterprise resources usage: practical aspect
Authors: Abernikhina Iryna , Sokyrykska Iryna 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Under the crisis circumstances in the economy an important task for enterprises is to consolidate and sometimes expand their position in the market. In this context, it is important to analyze the indicators of resource use, that allow to assess their use level and identify areas to help improve their efficiency.Methods. The theoretical basis of the study is the scientific publications of domestic and foreign scholars to assess the effectiveness of the enterprise resources usage. The results are obtained through the methods: analysis – in the study of basic theoretical, methodological approaches to assessing the efficiency of resource use; abstraction – to determine the essential characteristics of the key indicators of resource efficiency; generalization – to systematize indicators for the efficiency assessment of enterprise resources use. The purpose is to search the directions to increase the efficiency of resources use in the conditions of an enterprise economic activity on the basis of the recent methodical achievements.Results. A thorough analysis of indicators for assessing the enterprise resources effectiveness on the basis of domestic and foreign scientists study is realized. It is proposed to systematize the most common indicators in order to assess the enterprise resources efficiency in quantitative terms into three groups: relative indicators of business activity (turnover ratios), indicators of resource management efficiency (turnover duration) and indicators of company assets efficiency for profit generation (profitability). An improved system of indicators has been applied to assess the resource use efficiency in the conditions of a real enterprise. Perspectives. Prospects for further research are to establish the degree of efficiency influence of enterprise resources use on the profit level with the mathematical models.
ỨNG DỤNG MÔ HÌNH DNDC TÍNH TOÁN PHÁT THẢI KHÍ NHÀ KÍNH TỪ HOẠT ĐỘNG CANH TÁC LÚA NƯỚC TẠI HUYỆN CÁI BÈ-TIỀN GIANG
Authors: DINH VAN KHUONG , HOANG TRANG , HUNG ANH LE , SUSANNE ROTTER VERA 
Published: December 2020

Ở Việt Nam, canh tác lúa nước chịu trách nhiệm lớn trong phát thải khí nhà kính quốc gia. Gần đây, việc sử dụng các mô hình để mô phỏng và ước lượng phát thải từ các cánh đồng lúa đã được các nhà khoa học chú ý do tính cấp thiết và những khó khăn trong thực hiện đo đạc thực địa. Mô hình DeNitrification & DeComposition (DNDC) thường được sử dụng để mô hình phát thải khí nhà kính từ các cánh đồng lúa và một số nước đã phát triển mô hình DNDC của riêng họ. Tuy nhiên, hiện chưa có phiên bản mô hình DNDC riêng cho Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu này tập trung vào việc sử dụng mô hình DNDC để phát thải khí nhà kính từ canh tác lúa nước ở đồng bằng sông Cửu Long(ĐBSCL), Việt Nam.Địa điểm nghiên cứu này thuộc xã Hậu Mỹ Bắc B (HMBB), tỉnh Tiền Giang - một vùng sản xuất lúa điển hình với 3 vụ / năm ở ĐBSCL. Để thực hiện nghiên cứu này, thông tin về khí hậu địa phương và hoạt động canh tác được nghiên cứu tại thực địa trong một năm từ 05/03/2017 đến 04/03/2018 (365 ngày) đã được thu thập, các dữ liệu của điều kiện thực tế được tìm thấy cánh đồng lúa sẽ được nhập vào mô hình sau đó được để ước tính lượng khí thải nhà kính từ canh tác lúa trong 1 năm. Nghiên cứu này cũng phân tích độ nhạy của mô hình DNDC được điều chỉnh với các biến thể của các yếu tố khác nhau bao gồm ba nhóm chính là dữ liệu khí hậu, kết cấu đất và phương pháp canh tác. Kết quả tính toán cho thấy, trong một năm hoạt động canh tác lúa nước tại xã HMBB thải ra lượng khí thải CH4 và N2O ước tính lần lượt là 8311 kg CO2eq/ha and 8208 CO2 eq/ha. Phân tích độ nhạy cho thấy phát thải CH4 bị ảnh hưởng đáng kể bởi yếu tố thời gian ngập nước trong quá trình tưới trong khi phát thải N2O bị ảnh hưởng bởi các yếu tố về tính chất đất đất bao gồm cacbon hữu trong đất (SOC) và pH. Các yếu tố lượng mưa trung bình hàng ngày và tổng lượng phân bón NPK 20-20-15 TE sử dụng mỗi năm có tác động không đáng kể. Kết quả của nghiên cứu này khá tương đồng với một số nghiên cứu khác cũng đã được thực hiện tại Việt Nam. Do đó cần phải thực hiện thêm nhiều nghiên cứu về mô hình DNDC để kiểm tra độ phù hợp của nó trong việc mô phỏng phát thải khí nhà kính ở Việt Nam và để xây dựng phiên bản rành riêng cho Việt Nam.
Risk Communication
Authors: Zalk David M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnvironment, health, and safety (EHS) professionals have dedicated their careers to develop the skills, knowledge, and abilities necessary to become effective specialists. Although communication of risk is an important component of their chosen discipline, little time is dedicated to the educational process to teach effective strategies for having a constructive dialog with workers. Learning how to communicate risk with workers is probably the most important lesson for field practitioners to learn if the end goal is achieving recognition, control, and long‐term prevention of workplace hazards. Risk communication challenges faced by individual EHS disciplines can vary greatly and are further affected by the type of audience, message delivered, and how well the information is understood. Presented are models and strategies that assist in simplifying and standardizing the language that can be used by EHS professionals for communicating risk to any audience. In addition, these risk communication strategies can also benefit discussions within and between EHS disciplines, to enhance a multidisciplinary risk management program. A clear and consistent risk communication helps to ensure that all those listening can understand the risks being communicated and comprehend what their roles and responsibilities are to ensure workplace risks are minimized or eliminated.
Association of long working hours and health-related productivity loss, and its differential impact by income level: A cross-sectional study of the Korean workers
Authors: Lee Dong-Wook , Lee Jongin , Kim Hyoung-Ryoul , Kang Mo-Yeol 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to explore the association between long working hours and health-related productivity loss (HRPL), due to either sickness, absenteeism or presenteeism, stratified by household income level.

Methods
From January 2020 to February 2020, data were collected using a web-based questionnaire. A total of 4197 participants were randomly selected using the convenience sampling method. The nonparametric association between weekly working hours and HRPL was determined. Subsequently, a stratified analysis was conducted according to household income (1st, 2nd, and 3rd tertiles). Finally, the differences in HRPL of the different working hour groups (&lt;40, 40, 40-51, and ≥52 hours) were investigated using a multivariate linear regression model.

Results
Long working hours were more significantly associated with HRPL, as compared to the ‘standard’ working hours (40 hours/week). A larger proportion of productivity loss was associated with the presenteeism of workers, rather than absenteeism. The relationship between HRPL and weekly working hours was more prominent in the lower household income group.

Conclusions
The results of our study indicate that HRPL is associated with long working hours, especially in the lower household income group. Reducing the workload for the individual employee to a manageable level and restructuring sick leave policies to effectively counteract absenteeism and presenteeism may be a feasible option for better labor productivity and employee health.
The importance of organizational climate for psychosocial safety in the prevention of sexual harassment at work
Authors: Tan Malvin Ping Chieng , Kwan Sharon Sam Mee , Yahaya Azizi , Maakip Ismail , Voo Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Workplace sexual harassment is a prominent issue in Malaysia. Although the subject of sexual harassment has been researched for over two decades, information on how organizations could effectively prevent workplace sexual harassment is limited. The researchers investigated the importance of organizational climate for psychosocial safety of workplace sexual harassment prevention.

Methods
Purposive random sampling was utilized to recruit participants in the study. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted with Malaysian employees (N = 20) from various organizations. The study applied the Grounded Theory Approach (Glaser & Strauss, 1976) to identify the participants’ coping strategies in dealing with sexual harassment that occurred at their workplace.

Results
The interviews revealed that both genders were potential victims or witnesses of workplace sexual harassment. Since many Malaysian organizations do not implement any workplace sexual harassment prevention, most of the victims and witnesses tend to use passive self-coping approaches. Typically, policy and guidelines implementation would encourage employees to voice their concerns; however, we discovered that participants’ motivation to use active coping strategies depended on organizational role rather than the policy and guidelines implementation. Surprisingly, we also found out that participants from zero policy organizations used active coping strategies when the sexual harassment reached intolerable levels.

Conclusion
Organizations play a critical role in helping and supporting both victims and witnesses deal with sexual harassment at the workplace. Organizational climate for psychosocial safety is therefore crucial in the primary and secondary prevention of sexual harassment at work.
Photocatalysis in Dual Catalysis Systems for Carbon‐Nitrogen Bond Formation
Authors: Singh Swati , Roy Vishal Jyoti , Dagar Neha , Sen Partha Pratim , Roy Sudipta Raha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe development of versatile methods for the formation of carbon‐nitrogen bonds has significant impact on the synthetic chemistry community. However, it remains challenging owing to the utilization of costly catalyst systems and harsh reaction conditions. Compared to conventional methods, photoredox catalysis which harnesses the energy from light has emerged as an environmentally benign and cost‐effective strategy for promoting challenging C−N bond constructions. Furthermore, the synergistic action of photoredox catalysis with another catalytic process has a profound impact on the reactivity profiles of many traditional synthetic routes. Over the recent years, immense progress has been made towards expediting photocatalysis in dual‐catalysis for achieving various industrially important C−N bond formation processes under milder conditions. This review highlights the advancement of the state‐of‐the‐art achieved in these dual‐catalytic platforms for the construction of C−N bonds over the last decade.magnified image
Access to 10‐Phenanthrenols via Electrochemical C−H/C−H Arylation
Authors: Mei Ruhuai , Yang Chenrui , Xiong Feng , Mao Meihua , Li Hongmei , Sun Junmei , Zou Liang , Ma Wenbo , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA protocol for the synthesis of 10‐phenanthrenol from 1‐biphenyl‐2‐ylethanone bearing an electron‐withdrawing group through metal‐ and oxidant‐free C−H/C−H arylation has been established. The electrochemical intramolecular cycloaromatization avoids the use of excess amounts of chemical oxidizing agents, and provides concise and regio‐selective access to a variety of valuable 10‐phenanthrenol derivatives.magnified image
Modeling maize and soybean responses to climatic change and soil degradation in a region of South America
Authors: Casali Lucía , Herrera Juan M. , Rubio Gerardo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClimatic change effects on crop yields are expected to be crop‐ and site specific. Here, Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer models were used to evaluate climatic change effects and mitigation strategies on maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields in soils of the subtropical and semi‐arid region of Chaco. Simulations were performed for the DK747 and A8000 genotypes, calibrated for the CERES‐Maize model in a previous report and for the CROPGRO‐Soybean model in the present study, respectively. Both crops markedly differ in their response to climatic change and putative levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration. The observed significant reductions in maize yields in future climate scenarios (5–42% compared with the baseline, 1986–2010) were more associated with increased temperatures that shortened the crop cycle than with water stress. Delaying the sowing date is a feasible strategy to mitigate this effect. Projected temperature increases are expected to play a secondary role in determining soybean yields. Instead, water stress will continue to be an important constraint to soybean yield in the context of global warming, but this effect is strongly affected by rainfall regimes. Responses to raising CO2 levels were more pronounced in soybean (+10–40%) than in maize (+2–4%). Soil degradation exacerbated the negative effects of global warming on crop yields, especially on maize, which highlights the importance of soil conservation practices. The observed high interannual climatic variability and the different sensitivities of maize and soybean to climatic variables indicate that crop diversification would be the key to improve the resilience of the agrosystems under the future scenarios.
A pilot clinical trial with losartan in Myhre syndrome
Authors: Cappuccio Gerarda , Caiazza Martina , Roca Alessandro , Melis Daniela , Iuliano Antonella , Matyas Gabor , Rubino Marta , Limongelli Giuseppe , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionMyhre syndrome (MS) is an ultra‐rare disorder due to pathogenic variants in the SMAD4 gene that encodes a protein regulating the TGF‐β pathway and extra‐cellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. Main clinical features of MS include thickening of skin and joint stiffness. Previous studies showed that losartan improved ECM deposition in MS fibroblasts.Materials and methodsFour molecularly confirmed MS subjects (mean age 23.8 ± 17 years) were evaluated for: (a) skin thickness by Rodnan score, (b) joint range of motion (ROM) by goniometry, and (c) speckle‐tracking echocardiogram. Following baseline evaluations, three MS individuals received losartan for 12 months and pre‐defined endpoints were monitored after 6 and 12 months of treatment.ResultsAt baseline, Rodnan scores were increased, joint ROM was reduced, and speckle‐tracking echocardiogram revealed reduced myocardial strain. In three MS subjects, improvements in skin thickness, joint ROM and to a lesser extent of myocardial strain, were observed after 6 and 12 months of losartan treatment.ConclusionsAlthough further long‐term controlled clinical trials with a larger number of affected individuals are needed, the present study suggests that losartan might improve skin, joint and heart abnormalities of MS.