bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alles Wut? Der Einfluss von Emotionen auf die Wahrnehmung und Wirkung von TV-Debatten am Beispiel der Bundestagswahl 2017
Authors: Waldvogel Thomas 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungLange Zeit dominierten kognitive Zugänge die politik- und kommunikationswissenschaftliche Debattenforschung in Deutschland. Wir argumentieren in diesem Beitrag, dass Rezipienten eine Fernsehdebatte nicht nur durch ihre eigene parteipolitische Brille selektiv wahrnehmen, sondern deren emotionalen Zustände die Verarbeitung politischer Informationen, die Wahrnehmungsprozesse aber auch die politische Urteils- und Einstellungsbildung maßgeblich beeinflussen. Auf Basis von Echtzeit- und Umfragedaten von 1191 Studienteilnehmern im Rahmen einer Feldstudie zu einer TV-Debatte der Bundestagswahl 2017 zeigen wir, dass die Kandidaten unterschiedliche Emotionen unter den Rezipienten evozieren, welche sich entlang von Parteibindungen strukturieren. Zweitens wird deutlich, dass stark ausgeprägte Emotionen sowohl in der zeitlichen Dynamik als auch interindividuell zu signifikant unterschiedlichen Wahrnehmungen führen und gleichzeitig die Homogenität innerhalb emotionaler Teilgruppen erhöhen können. Dabei hat die Valenz, verstanden als Differenzierung zwischen positiven und negativen Emotionen, einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Echtzeitbewertungen der Kandidaten. Drittens zeigen wir, dass Emotionen die strukturellen Wirkmechanismen der Debattenrezeption auf nachgelagerte Einstellungen wie die Urteile über die Debattenleistung und die Kandidatenevaluation systematisch beeinflussen. Insgesamt finden wir empirische Evidenz dafür, dass ein einfaches duales Prozess-Modell über die Wirkung von Emotionen, welches deren Valenz in den Mittelpunkt stellt und auf einem bipolaren Kontinuum abbildet, eine hohe Konformität mit unseren Daten aufweist.
Designing the Swedish Crime Harm Index: an Evidence-Based Strategy
Authors: Kärrholm Fredrik , Neyroud Peter , Smaaland John 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Research Question
Which method for deriving a Crime Harm Index (Policing 10:171–183, 2016) for Sweden from criminal justice sources offers the best evidence for providing a sensitive indicator of differences in harm levels across offence categories?

Data
The number of days of imprisonment for each offence category associated with five different kinds of scales were extracted and compared: consensus by an expert panel of judges, the statutory maximum penalties, statutory minimum penalties, the average of maximum and minimum penalties and the average of actual sentences imposed in a recent time period for each crime type. Unlike the UK, for which the Cambridge Crime Harm Index draws on sentencing guidelines, Sweden has no such guidelines to offer.

Methods
The data were compared for sensitivity defined as the difference in length of imprisonment days between high and low severity crimes, as well as other characteristics of the data sources.

Findings
Given the available alternatives, the sentencing data average of actual sentences handed down by crime type provided the greatest reliability and sensitivity across the penalties for offences of high and low severity. Applying that method to both crime trends and crime mapping produces substantially different results from counting all crimes with equal weight and can be used by police and others to allocate resources with greater precision in relation to harm prevention.

Conclusions
On both empirical and normative grounds, the average sentences in a recent time period for each crime category provides the most sensitive and democratic method for establishing an officially recognized Swedish Crime Harm Index.
Review of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) technologies for high-grade waste heat to power conversion
Authors: Marchionni Matteo , Bianchi Giuseppe , Tassou Savvas A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the European Industry, 275 TWh of thermal energy is rejected into the environment at temperatures beyond 300 °C. To recover some of this wasted energy, bottoming thermodynamic cycles using supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) as working fluid are a promising technology for the conversion of the waste heat into power. CO2 is a non-flammable and thermally stable compound, and due to its favourable thermo-physical properties in the supercritical state, can lead to high cycle efficiencies and a substantial reduction in size compared to alternative heat to power conversion technologies. In this work, a brief overview of the sCO2 power cycle technology is presented. The main concepts behind this technology are highlighted, including key technological challenges with the major components such as turbomachinery and heat exchangers. The discussion focuses on heat to power conversion applications and benefits of the experience gained from the design and construction of a 50 kWe sCO2 test facility at Brunel University London. A comparison between sCO2 power cycles and conventional heat to power conversion systems is also provided. In particular, the operating ranges of sCO2 and other heat to power systems are reported as a function of the waste heat source temperature and available thermal power. The resulting map provides insights for the preliminary selection of the most suitable heat to power conversion technology for a given industrial waste heat stream.
Deep Open Set Recognition Using Dynamic Intra-class Splitting
Authors: Schlachter Patrick , Liao Yiwen , Yang Bin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper provides a generic deep learning method to solve open set recognition problems. In open set recognition, only samples of a limited number of known classes are given for training. During inference, an open set recognizer must not only correctly classify samples from known classes, but also reject samples from unknown classes. Due to these specific requirements, conventional deep learning models that assume a closed set environment cannot be used. Therefore, special open set approaches were taken, including variants of support vector machines and generation-based state-of-the-art methods which model unknown classes by generated samples. In contrast, our proposed method models unknown classes by atypical subsets of training samples. The subsets are obtained through intra-class splitting (ICS). Based on a recently proposed two-stage algorithm using ICS, we propose a one-stage method based on alternating between ICS and the training of a deep neural network. Finally, several experiments were conducted to compare our proposed method with conventional and other state-of-the-art methods. The proposed method based on dynamic ICS showed a comparable or better performance than all considered existing methods regarding balanced accuracy.
Gender and the future of macroeconomics: an evolutionary approach
Authors: Dow Sheila 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGender lends itself well to an evolutionary analysis which focuses on non-equilibrium change and transformation for individuals within society. Decomposition by such an important category as gender helps us understand the economy at the macro level, and design macroeconomic policy, better. It also provides the foundation for advocating equal gender rights and outcomes. But, where gendered policy issues arise in mainstream macroeconomics (income maldistribution, labour market composition, etc.), the subject matter is narrowed by its microfoundations, by focusing on GDP growth and on suboptimal outcomes being explained by market imperfections. An approach which takes gender seriously requires the different epistemology which arises from feminism: it does not rely on dualistic categorisations, but builds on the idea of situated knowledge, which in turn requires a pluralist methodology and an acceptance of fundamental uncertainty. Such a methodology allows for emergent identity, for the cognitive roles of emotion and social convention, and for attention to power other than market power. Reflecting on how limited is the scope for mainstream macroeconomics to address gender, and what is required of a useful alternative, a political economy approach provides a clear focus for a more general discussion of the future of macroeconomics from an evolutionary perspective.
On approximating minimizers of convex functionals with a convexity constraint by singular Abreu equations without uniform convexity
Authors: Le Nam Q. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe revisit the problem of approximating minimizers of certain convex functionals subject to a convexity constraint by solutions of fourth order equations of Abreu type. This approximation problem was studied in previous articles of Carlier–Radice (Approximation of variational problems with a convexity constraint by PDEs of Abreu type. Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations58 (2019), no. 5, Art. 170) and the author (Singular Abreu equations and minimizers of convex functionals with a convexity constraint, arXiv:1811.02355v3, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., to appear), under the uniform convexity of both the Lagrangian and constraint barrier. By introducing a new approximating scheme, we completely remove the uniform convexity of both the Lagrangian and constraint barrier. Our analysis is applicable to variational problems motivated by the original 2D Rochet–Choné model in the monopolist's problem in Economics, and variational problems arising in the analysis of wrinkling patterns in floating elastic shells in Elasticity.
Remembering Africanization: two conversations among elderly science workers about the perpetually promissory
Authors: Geissler P. Wenzel , Gerrets René , Kelly Ann H. , Mangesho Peter , Poleykett Branwyn , Okwaro Ferdinand Moyi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe ‘Africanization’ of science after decolonization was replete with dreams. Claims to Africa's place in the high-modern world, expectations of national technological and economic progress, and individual dreams of scientific discovery, professional development and fulfilled careers drove scientific work and lives. The term Africanization, coined by the colonizers, reproduced colonial notions of race but also stimulated the imagination of mid-twentieth-century African scientists, who hotly debated and enthusiastically embraced it. Half a century later, some dreams have failed, but many more remain unfulfilled. This article examines two reunions of Tanzanian and European science workers – in Amani in 2015 and in Cambridge in 2013 – who had worked together in the decades after Tanzania's independence at Amani Hill Research Station, then one of Africa's foremost laboratories for research on malaria and other tropical diseases. It explores ideas of good science and experiences of social differentiation, divergent dreams and persistent tensions – and the role of joking in remembering these.
From Russia with love: medical modernities, development dreams, and Cold War legacies in Kenya, 1969 and 2015
Authors: Prince Ruth J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn 1966, a new hospital was being built in western Kenya with Soviet aid. Designed by Soviet architects and planners, with equipment transported from the USSR, it was to be the largest hospital in Kenya. Still referred to today by Kenyans as ‘Russia’, it was the pet project of Oginga Odinga, the central figure of political opposition in postcolonial Kenya, who cultivated friendship with the USSR. Like the training offered to African students at the Patrice Lumumba University in Moscow, the hospital was a gift of the Soviets, a material embodiment of medical modernity, socialist internationalism and Africa's hopeful future. However, it soon became deeply embroiled in Kenya's Cold War politics. This article explores the remains and legacies of these Soviet gifts, tracing their connections to visions of progress and development, decolonization and struggles for political freedom in postcolonial Kenya. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, archival material, newspaper reports and interviews with Kenyans who were educated in the Soviet Union, I trace how, in institutional, bureaucratic, affective and biographical remains, diverging dreams and anticipations of progress and development converged and collided. Russia, like the city of which it forms a part, emerges as a palimpsest: a site of hopes and dreams, violence and disappointment, and the anticipation of futures.
Plasma expansion towards an electrically insulated surface
Authors: Rhodes Dov J. , Farrell William M. 
Published: March 2020

The problem of plasma expansion into a vacuum is revisited with the addition of a finite boundary condition; an electrically insulated surface. As plasma expands towards a charge-accumulating surface, the leading electron cloud charges the surface negatively, which in turn repels electrons and attracts ions. This plasma–surface interaction is shown to result in a feedback process which accelerates the plasma expansion. In addition, we examine the decrease in (negative) surface potential and associated near-surface electron density. To investigate this plasma coupling with an electrically floating surface, we develop an analytic model including four neighbouring plasma regions: (i) undisturbed plasma, (ii) quasi-neutral self-similar expansion, (iii) ion front boundary layer and (iv) electron cloud. A key innovation in our approach is a self-contained analytic approximation of the ion front boundary layer, providing a spatially continuous electric field model for the early phase of bounded plasma expansion.
Optimal, resource-rational or sub-optimal? Insights from cognitive development
Authors: Bejjanki Vikranth R. , Aslin Richard N. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We agree with the authors regarding the utility of viewing cognition as resulting from an optimal use of limited resources. Here, we advocate for extending this approach to the study of cognitive development, which we feel provides particularly powerful insight into the debate between bounded optimality and true sub-optimality, precisely because young children have limited computational and cognitive resources.
Computational limits don't fully explain human cognitive limitations
Authors: Davis Ernest S. , Marcus Gary F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The project of justifying all the limits and failings of human cognition as inevitable consequences of strategies that are actually “optimal” relative to the limits on computational resources available may have some value, but it is far from a complete explanation. It is inconsistent with both common observation and a large body of experimentation, and it is of limited use in explaining human cognition.
Morphokinetics and in vitro developmental potential of monopronucleated ICSI zygotes until the blastocyst stage
Authors: Mateo Silvia , Vidal Francesca , Carrasco Beatriz , Rodríguez Ignacio , Coroleu Buenaventura , Veiga Anna , Boada Montserrat 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe aim of this study was to provide a more comprehensive understanding of 1PN intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) zygotes. To achieve this objective, we assessed whether all 1PN-derived embryos showed a similar morphokinetic pattern, and if the morphokinetic behaviour of 1PN-derived embryos was comparable with that of 2PN-derived embryos. In total, 149 1PN ICSI zygotes (study group) and 195 2PN ICSI zygotes (control group) were included in the study. Embryo development potential was evaluated in terms of blastocyst rate. Morphokinetic parameters, including the pronucleus diameter and kinetics of in vitro development, were also analyzed. Embryos derived from 1PN ICSI zygotes showed impaired development compared with 2PN-derived embryos, with blastocyst rates of 28.9% and 67.2%, respectively. The diameter of the pronucleus of 1PN zygotes was larger than that of 2PN zygotes. When compared with 2PN-derived embryos, those derived from 1PN zygotes had a visible pronucleus for a shorter time, in addition to a longer syngamy time and slower kinetic behaviour from two to nine cells. When 1PN-derived blastocysts and 2PN-derived blastocysts were compared, the developmental kinetics were similar in both groups, except for a delayed and longer duration of the compaction phase in 1PN-derived embryos. In conclusion, monopronucleated ICSI zygotes present differences in developmental capacity and morphokinetic behaviour compared with 2PN ICSI zygotes, showing particular morphokinetic parameters related to pronucleus formation. Only the 1PN ICSI-derived embryos that reached the blastocyst stage have similar morphokinetic development to blastocysts from 2PN zygotes.
Stellar rotation bifurcation caused by tidal locking in the open cluster NGC 2287?
Authors: Sun Weijia , Li Chengyuan , Deng Licai , de Grijs Richard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe present a detailed analysis of the projected stellar rotational velocities of the well-separated double main sequence (MS) in the young, ∼200 Myr-old Milky Way open cluster NGC 2287 and suggest that stellar rotation may drive the split MSs in NGC 2287. We find that the observed distribution of projected stellar rotation velocities could result from a dichotomous distribution of stellar rotation rates. We discuss whether our observations may reflect the effects of tidal locking affecting a fraction of the cluster’s member stars in stellar binary systems. The slow rotators are likely stars that initially rotated rapidly but subsequently slowed down through tidal locking induced by low-mass-ratio binary systems. However, the cluster may have a much larger population of short-period binaries than is usually seen in the literature, with relatively low secondary masses.
The role of cluster age on the onset of multiple populations in stellar clusters
Authors: Martocchia S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe origin of the chemical anomalies in star clusters is still an open question, although much effort has been employed both from a theoretical and observational point of view. The exploration of the dependence of such multiple stellar populations based on certain cluster properties (e.g. mass, age, metallicity) has represented a compelling line of investigation so far. Here I report an overview of the results obtained from our latest surveys aimed at characterising the phenomenon of chemical variations in star clusters that are much younger with respect to the ancient globular clusters. The fundamental question we are asking is whether these abundance patterns are only restricted to the old massive clusters; and if not, is there a difference between young and old objects?
Black Hole dynamics in Young Star Clusters
Authors: Rastello Sara , di Carlo Ugo N. , Mapelli Michela , Giacobbo Nicola , Ballone Alessandro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractYoung star clusters are a promising environment for forming binary black holes. Such binaries may form dynamically or via binary star evolution or through the interplay of these two channels. To study these formation pathways, we have performed high precision direct N-body simulations of low-mass (M < 1000 M⊙) young star clusters. The simulations were carried out with the code Nbody6++GPU coupled with the population synthesis code MOBSE. Our results highlight the importance of dynamics to form massive black hole binaries even in low-mass young star clusters.
Using MUSE-AO observations to constrain the formation of the large nuclear star cluster in FCC 47
Authors: Fahrion Katja , Lyubenova Mariya , van de Ven Glenn , Hilker Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNuclear star clusters (NSCs) are found in at least 70% of all galaxies, but their formation path is still unclear. In the most common scenarios, NSCs form in-situ from the galaxy’s central gas reservoir, through merging of globular clusters (GCs), or through a combination of the two. As the scenarios pose different expectations for angular momentum and stellar population properties of the NSC in comparison to the host galaxy and the GC system, it is necessary to characterise the stellar light, NSC, and GCs simultaneously. Wide-field observations with modern integral field units such as the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) allow to perform such studies. However, at large distances, NSCs usually are not resolved in MUSE observations. The particularly large NSC (Reff ∼ 66 pc) of the early-type galaxy FCC 47 at distance of ∼20 Mpc is an exception and is therefore an ideal laboratory to constrain NSC formation of external galaxies.
Simulating star-forming regions in spiral galaxies with AMUSE
Authors: Rieder Steven , Dobbs Clare , Bending Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe present a model for hydrodynamic + N-body simulations of star cluster formation and evolution using AMUSE. Our model includes gas dynamics, star formation in regions of dense gas, stellar evolution and a galactic tidal spiral potential, thus incorporating most of the processes that play a role in the evolution of star clusters.We test our model on initial conditions of two colliding molecular clouds as well as a section of a spiral arm from a previous galaxy simulation.
Evolution and origin of Blue Stragglers in 47 Tucanae
Authors: Parada Javiera , Richer Harvey , Heyl Jeremy , Kalirai Jason , Goldsbury Ryan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUsing data from the core of 47 Tuc we have identified stars in different evolutionary stages in the colour-magnitude diagram, and used the effects of mass segregation on their radial distribution to study the evolution and origin of blue stragglers (BSS). We separate the BSS into 2 samples by their magnitude and find considerable differences in their distribution. Bright BSS are more centrally concentrated with mass estimates over twice the turn-off mass suggesting an origin involving a triple or multiple star system. The distribution of the faint BSS is close to that of the main-sequence (MS) binaries pointing to these stars as their likely progenitors. Using MESA models, we calculate the expected number of stars in each evolutionary stage and compare it with the observed number of stars. Results indicate that BSS have a post-MS evolution comparable to that of a normal star of the same mass and a MS-BSS lifetime of about 200 – 300 Myr.
The origin of metal-poor and metal-rich globular clusters in E-MOSAICS
Authors: Reina-Campos Marta 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIt has been a long-standing open question why observed globular cluster (GC) populations of different metallicities differ in their ages and spatial distributions, with metal-poor GCs being the older and radially more extended of the two. We use the suite of 25 Milky Way-mass cosmological zoom-in simulations from the E-MOSAICS project, which self-consistently model the formation and evolution of stellar clusters and their host galaxies, to understand the properties of observed GC populations. We find that the different ages and spatial distributions of metal-poor and metal-rich GCs are the result of regular cluster formation at high redshift in the context of hierarchical galaxy assembly. We also find that metallicity on its own is not a good tracer of accretion, and other properties, such as kinematics, need to be considered.
Spectroscopy of LMC cluster stars
Authors: Dupree A. K. , Johnson C. I. , Mateo M. , Milone A. P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHigh resolution spectra of stars in the ≈200 Myr LMC globular cluster, NGC 1866, reveal rapidly rotating stars with variable H α emission and absorption, and signatures of outflowing material. The variable H α line can substantially affect photometric measurements obtained with HST/WFC3 narrow-band filters.