bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled clinical study evaluating the efficacy and safety of intratumoral treatment of canine mast cell tumors with tigilanol tiglate (EBC‐46)
Authors: De Ridder Thomas R. , Campbell Justine E. , Burke‐Schwarz Cheryl , Clegg David , Elliot Emily L. , Geller Samuel , Kozak Wendy , Pittenger Stephen T. , Pruitt Jennifer B. , Riehl Jocelyn , White Julie , Wiest Melissa L. , Johannes Chad M. , Morton John , Jones Pamela D. , Schmidt Peter F. , Gordon Victoria , Reddell Paul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of tigilanol tiglate (TT) for local intratumoral treatment of mast cell tumors (MCTs) in dogs.MethodsA randomized controlled clinical study in 2 phases involving 123 dogs with cytologically diagnosed MCT. Phase 1 compared 81 TT‐treated dogs with 42 control dogs; phase 2 allowed TT treatment of control dogs and retreatment of dogs that failed to achieve tumor resolution after TT treatment in phase 1. Tigilanol tiglate (1 mg/mL) was injected intratumorally with dose based on tumor volume. Concomitant medications were used to minimize potential for MCT degranulation. Modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors were used to evaluate treatment response at 28 and 84 days. Adverse events and quality of life were also assessed.ResultsA single TT treatment resulted in 75% complete response (CR) (95% confidence interval [CI] = 61‐86) by 28 days, with no recurrence in 93% (95% CI = 82‐97) of dogs by 84 days. Eight TT‐treated dogs that did not achieve CR in phase 1 achieved CR after retreatment, increasing the overall CR to 88% (95% CI = 77‐93). Control dogs had 5% CR (95% CI = 1‐17) at 28 days. Wound formation after tumor slough and wound size relative to tumor volume were strongly associated with efficacy. Adverse events typically were low grade, transient, and directly associated with TT's mode of action.ConclusionsTigilanol tiglate is efficacious and well tolerated, providing a new option for the local treatment of MCTs in dogs.
Convergence of optimal expected utility for a sequence of discrete‐time markets
Authors: Kreps David M. , Schachermayer Walter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe examine Kreps' conjecture that optimal expected utility in the classic Black–Scholes–Merton (BSM) economy is the limit of optimal expected utility for a sequence of discrete‐time economies that “approach” the BSM economy in a natural sense: The nth discrete‐time economy is generated by a scaled n‐step random walk, based on an unscaled random variable ζ with mean 0, variance 1, and bounded support. We confirm Kreps' conjecture if the consumer's utility function U has asymptotic elasticity strictly less than one, and we provide a counterexample to the conjecture for a utility function U with asymptotic elasticity equal to 1, for ζ such that .
Impact of gastric per‐oral endoscopic myotomy on static and dynamic pyloric function in gastroparesis patients
Authors: Watts Lydia S. , Baker Jason R. , Lee Allen A. , Harer Kimberly , Bowers Nicole , Law Ryan , Hasler William L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundFunctional Lumen Imaging Probe (EndoFLIP) tests typically measure static pyloric parameters, but the pylorus exhibits phasic variations on manometry. Dynamic changes in pyloric function have not been quantified using EndoFLIP, and the impact of Gastric Per‐Oral Endoscopic Myotomy (G‐POEM) on static and dynamic pyloric activity in gastroparesis is unknown.MethodsEndoFLIP balloon inflation to 30, 40, and 50 mL was performed to measure mean, maximum, and minimum values and variability in pyloric diameter and distensibility before and after G‐POEM in 20 patients with refractory gastroparesis. The impact of phasic contractions on these pyloric measures was compared.Key ResultsG‐POEM increased mean (P < .0001) and maximum (P = .0002) pyloric diameters and mean (P = .02) and maximum (P = .02) pyloric distensibility on 50 mL EndoFLIP inflation but not intraballoon pressures or minimum diameters or distensibility. Temporal variability of pyloric diameter (P = .02) and distensibility (P = .02) also increased after G‐POEM. Phasic coupled contractions propagating from the antrum through the pylorus were observed in 37.5% of recordings; other phasic activity including isolated pyloric contractions were seen in 23.3%. Variability of pyloric diameter and distensibility tended to be higher during recordings with phasic activity. Some pyloric responses to G‐POEM were influenced by age, gastroparesis etiology, gastric emptying, and prior botulinum toxin injection.Conclusions & InferencesPyloric activity exhibits dynamic changes on EndoFLIP testing in gastroparesis. G‐POEM increases maximal but not minimal diameter and distensibility with increased variations, suggesting this therapy enhances pyloric opening but may not impair pyloric closure. Phasic pyloric contractions contribute to variations in pyloric activity.
Laypeople's and dental students' perceptions of a diastema between central and lateral incisors: Evaluation using scanpaths and colour‐coded maps
Authors: Tanaka Orlando , Vitral Robert Willer Farinazzo , Miyoshi Caio Seiti , Meira Thiago Martins , Camargo Elisa Souza , Pithon Matheus Melo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to use eye tracking to analyse people's visual perceptions of smiles with a diastema between the maxillary central and lateral incisors, based on different categories of observers.Setting and Sample PopulationsAn image of a diastema between the maxillary central and lateral incisors was shown to dental students and laypeople.Materials and MethodsOur null hypothesis was that there would be no difference in the visual perception of the different graduations of diastemas between the two groups. The diastemas were edited in Photoshop® to gradually increase the distance between the maxillary central and lateral incisors from no diastema to 1.5 mm and 3.5 mm diastemas. These diastemas were evaluated by using a TheEyeTribe© tracker in conjunction with OGAMA© 5.0 software. A total of 37 dental students and 33 laypeople looked at eight randomly arranged images of smiles. The data were analyzed using color coded maps, scanpaths, and the Kruskal‐Wallis test with a level of significance of 5%.ResultsLaypeople tended to observe the eyes, focusing more on the right than the left, and spent less time focusing on the diastema region than did the dental students. There were differences for the same magnitude of diastema within participant groups. As the width of the diastema increased, both students and laypeople focused more on the diastema region.ConclusionsThe two groups of evaluators presented different perceptions of smiles in cases of diastema between the maxillary central and lateral incisors when evaluated using eye‐tracking.
A novel pathogenic mutation in the COL7A1 gene resulting in mild autosomal dominant bullous dermolysis of the newborn
Authors: Lor Michael , Liu Michael , Kuklinski Lawrence F. , Hogeling Marcia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBullous dermolysis of the newborn is a subtype of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa that typically resolves within the first two years of life. We present a case of autosomal dominant bullous dermolysis of the newborn and report a novel pathogenic mutation. This case highlights that collagen VII mutations may present clinically with a mild phenotype.
The least effective pollinator principle: specialized morphology despite generalized ecology
Authors: Pauw A. , Cocucci A. A. , Sérsic A. N. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

The large body of work on the adaptation of plants to pollinators is still somewhat incomplete because most studies focus on one‐to‐one interactions. How will adaptation proceed in a multi‐pollinator environment? According to Stebbins' Most Effective Pollinator Principle, ‘the characteristics of the flower will be moulded by those pollinators that visit it most frequently and effectively.’

To test this hypothesis, we studied the pollination biology of Pelargonium incrassatum (Geraniaceae) in the Namaqualand Region of Southern Africa. This species has a long floral tube and we expected its most important pollinator to have a long proboscis.

Contrary to expectations, the most important pollinator was a short proboscid fly (a new species of Prosoeca), while Prosoeca peringueyi, which had a proboscis that matched the floral tube length, was a rare visitor. Consistent with the high degree of trait mismatching, we did not detect selection on tube length at most sites.

The paradox of mismatching traits can be resolved by considering the strength of the trade‐off involved. Adaptation to the rare species can apparently occur without incurring the cost of reduced pollination by the abundant species. Generally, species may often evolve specialized morphology if they do not incur the cost of ecological specialization.
Effect of short‐course exercise training on the frequency of exacerbations and physical activity in patients with COPD: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ko Fanny Wai‐San , Tam Wilson , Siu Eddy H.S. , Chan Ka‐Pang , Ngai Jenny Chun‐Li , Ng So‐Shan , Chan Tat On , Hui David Shu‐Cheong 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and objectivePrevious studies have suggested that early pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programmes post‐AECOPD are an effective and safe intervention for reducing hospital admissions and improving quality of life. This study assessed whether a short course of exercise training post‐AECOPD with periodic reinforcement exercise training and phone call reminders reduces readmissions and increases physical activity in COPD patients.MethodsSubjects were randomized into either the (i) intervention group (IG), consisting of 4–8 weeks of training supervised by a physiotherapist and phone contact every 2 weeks by a case manager providing support and reinforcement of continuous exercise at home or (ii) usual care group (UG), which had no input by a physiotherapist or case manager. Readmissions were assessed at 12 months. Activities of all patients were assessed by an activity monitor at baseline, 3 and 12 months.ResultsAltogether, 136 subjects were included and randomized (68 in IG and 68 in UG). The age, gender and FEV1% predicted were 75.0 ± 6.7 years, 132 males and 47.0 ± 16.2%, respectively. The mean number of readmissions for AECOPD (1.06 vs 1.72 times, P = 0.014) was less and time to first readmission was increased (146.8 vs 122.4 days, P = 0.005) in the IG versus UG at 12 months. At 12 months, there was no change in activity measured by activity monitor between the two groups.ConclusionThis programme decreased exacerbation frequency and increased the time of readmissions for AECOPD. It did not improve physical activities and exercise tolerance at 12 months.
Validity of the Finnish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA)
Authors: Aunola Kaisa , Sorkkila Matilda , Tolvanen Asko 
Published: June 2020

The aim of the present study was to validate the Finnish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) using data from 1,688 Finnish parents (91% mothers) living in Finland with at least one child living at home. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the theoretical four‐factor structure of the PBA – emotional exhaustion in one’s parental role, contrast with previous parental self, feelings of being fed up with one’s parental role, and emotional distancing from one’s children. Internal consistency for the total scale was excellent (Cronbach’s alpha ≥ 0.90) and for the subscales from acceptable (alpha ≥ 0.70) to excellent. The results further demonstrated strict factorial invariance of PBA across genders and educational status groups. Finally, the PBA and its four subscales correlated as expected with the three criteria variables (depressive symptoms, sleep disruptions, and self‐esteem), the latent factors of all three criteria variables being still clearly unique and separate constructions from parental burnout factors.
‘The Sea is Our Life’. Woman in the Fishery Sector of the Valencian Community
Authors: Herrera‐Racionero Paloma , Lizcano Emmánuel , Miret‐Pastor Luis , Mascarell Yesmina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTraditionally the role of women in fishing has gone largely unnoticed, but now in recent years there has been a growing interest about them. However, the task of identifying and quantifying the role played by women in fisheries has yet to be fully developed. This study tackles the role of women in fishing from a double perspective, both quantitatively and qualitatively, focusing on the case of inshore fishing in the Valencia Community (VC) in Spain. Official statistics now incorporate some important changes in order to reflect a more realistic view of women’s involvement in fishing. However, beyond ‘official’ trades and figures, there is a wealth of work largely done by women that goes unnoticed but it's essential for the fishing sector. Overcoming this, introducing women into fishing studies, statistics and fishing institutions, recognising the work of women in the fishing sector or promoting women who work in tasks traditionally carried out by men is a challenge for such a traditional sector, immersed in profound economic and social change.
The use of smartphone‐obtained images to extrapolate canine packed cell volume
Authors: Breheny Craig R. , Kinsey Steven E. , Gow Adam G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether a smartphone‐obtained image can be used to extrapolate the PCV of canine blood samples.DesignProspective study of surplus blood obtained from clinical cases.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.InterventionsBlood samples were placed on filter paper, and images were obtained with a smartphone in different environments. These results were then compared to the PCV measurements on the same samples following the World Health Organization guidelines.MeasurementsSixty‐nine samples were assessed and identified that smartphone images, obtained in a controlled environment, were able to predict the PCV of the samples. This prediction was most accurate when assessing samples of a normal erythroid mass or polycythemic samples.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that smartphone‐obtained images do have a utility in predicting canine PCV. If this can be incorporated into a smartphone application, there would be scope to use this in low resource settings.
Preliminary evaluation of the use of high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy during recovery from general anesthesia in dogs with obstructive upper airway breathing
Authors: Jagodich Tiffany A. , Bersenas Alexa M. E. , Bateman Shane W. , Kerr Carolyn L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundBrachycephalic airway syndrome can pose a risk of complicated recovery from anesthesia as a result of irritation to the excess pharyngeal andlaryngeal tissue present in affected dogs. High‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy is a respiratory support modality that offers provision of continuous positive airway pressure via high gas flow rates. The HFNC system actively warms and humidifies inspired gases, which improves comfort and facilitates tolerance of the high flow rates in people and dogs. HFNC oxygen therapy was applied to brachycephalic dogs that developed increased work of breathing or hypoxemia in the recovery phase of anesthesia to determine if this device would be tolerable and effective for relief of upper respiratory difficulty.Key FindingsThe HFNC nasal prong interface is well suited to the brachycephalic facial structure. The application of HFNC was found to reduce dyspnea scores in patients with signs of upper airway obstruction after general anesthesia. Aerophagia and changes in PCO2 were noted.SignificanceApplication of HFNC in the recovery period may result in improved airflow during times of somnolent obstructive breathing, not unlike the use of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in sleep‐disordered breathing in people.
Performance Degradation and Flow Instability of Axial-Flow Fan Due to Upstream Obstacle
Authors: Kang Donghyuk , Shinohara Takeru , Nakamura Shinsaku , Nishibe Koichi , Sato Kotaro , Yokota Kazuhiko , Ohue Hiroshi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper elucidates the performance degradation and flow instability of an axial fan caused by the presence of disk-shaped obstacles upstream of the fan, such as wall surfaces. The increase in pressure loss and the decrease in shaft power coefficient due to inlet swirl flow, and the increase in pressure loss due to the outlet swirl flow, cause performance degradation. When the obstacle is closer to the fan, the strong swirl flow causes a negative pressure region between the fan and the obstacle, reversing the flow direction. This phenomenon is caused by the diffuser effect of the outward flow and the increase in pressure by acting as a multiblade centrifugal fan. At a low flow rate, a clockwise vortex is generated at the center of the obstacle and induces two counterclockwise rotating vortices. The vortices circumferentially separate the inward and outward flows along the fan's axis in a uniform manner, and their cores are circularly rotated by the clockwise vortex. These findings can contribute to the layout of fans under spatial restriction and suppression of flow instability due to obstacles.
Is Physical Activity Associated With Physical Performance in Adults With Intellectual Disability?
Authors: Xu Jian , Choi Poram , Motl Robert W. , Agiovlasitis Stamatis 
Published: June 2020

Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior may contribute to physical function in adults with intellectual disability (ID). This study examined whether objectively measured PA and sedentary behavior levels are associated with physical performance in adults with ID. Fifty-eight adults with ID (29 women and 29 men, age 44 ± 14 years) underwent a measurement of physical performance with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and PA and sedentary time using a hip-worn accelerometer (wGT3X-BT; ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL). Moderate PA and age were significantly associated with the SPPB score (r = .39 and .34, respectively; p < .01). A hierarchical-regression model with moderate PA and age as independent variables indicated that moderate PA was a significant predictor of SPPB (p < .001; R2 = .153), but age was not (p = .123; R2 change = .036). Overall, moderate PA was significantly associated with the SPPB score, even after accounting for age, in adults with ID.
Advances in the diagnosis and management of IgG4 related disease
Authors: Lanzillotta Marco , Mancuso Gaia , Della-Torre Emanuel 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTIgG4 related disease was recognized as a unified disease entity only 15 years ago. Awareness of IgG4 related disease has increased worldwide since then, and specialists are now familiar with most of its clinical manifestations. Involvement of the pancreato-biliary tract, retroperitoneum/aorta, head and neck, and salivary glands are the most frequently observed disease phenotypes, differing in epidemiological features, serological findings, and prognostic outcomes. In view of this multifaceted presentation, IgG4 related disease represents a great mimicker of many neoplastic, inflammatory, and infectious conditions. Histopathology remains key to diagnosis because reliable biomarkers are lacking. Recently released classification criteria will be invaluable in improving early recognition of the disease. IgG4 related disease is highly treatable and responds promptly to glucocorticoids, but it can lead to end stage organ failure and even death if unrecognized. Prolonged courses of corticosteroids are often needed to maintain remission because the disease relapses in most patients. Rapid advancement in our understanding of the pathophysiology of IgG4 related disease is leading to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and possible personalized approaches to treatment.
The community health worker as service extender, cultural broker and social change agent: a critical interpretive synthesis of roles, intent and accountability
Authors: Schaaf Marta , Warthin Caitlin , Freedman Lynn , Topp Stephanie M 
Published: June 2020

This paper is a critical interpretive synthesis of community health workers (CHWs) and accountability in low-income and middle-income countries. The guiding questions were: What factors promote or undermine CHWs as accountability agents? (and) Can these factors be intentionally fostered or suppressed to impel health system accountability? We conducted an iterative search that included articles addressing the core issue of CHWs and accountability, and articles addressing ancillary issues that emerged in the initial search, such as ‘CHWs and equity.’CHWs are intended to comprise a ‘bridge’ between community members and the formal health system. This bridge function is described in three key ways: service extender, cultural broker, social change agent. We identified several factors that shape the bridging function CHWs play, and thus, their role in fomenting health system accountability to communities, including the local political context, extent and nature of CHW interactions with other community-based structures, health system treatment of CHWs, community perceptions of CHWs, and extent and type of CHW unionisation and collectivisation.Synthesising these findings, we elaborated several analytic propositions relating to the self-reinforcing nature of the factors shaping CHWs’ bridging function; the roles of local and national governance; and the human resource and material capacity of the health system. Importantly, community embeddedness, as defined by acceptability, social connections and expertise, is a crucial attribute of CHW ability to foment local government accountability to communities.
Association between faecal haemoglobin concentration and the risk of cardiovascular diseases among Taiwanese adults in a community-based screening cohort
Authors: Chien Kuo-Liong , Lin Ting-Yu , Hsu Chen-Yang , Chan Chang-Chuan , Chen Tony Hsiu-Hsi , Chen Li-Sheng 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesThe role of faecal haemoglobin as a colorectal cancer screening tool has been demonstrated. However, the association between the faecal haemoglobin concentration and the risk of cardiovascular disease events and deaths is still unclear.DesignCohort study design.SettingPopulation-based organised integrated service screening in Keelung City, TaiwanParticipantsA total of 33 355 healthy individuals aged over 40 years who were free of cardiovascular disease at study entry were followed up.Main outcomes and measuresNewly diagnosed cardiovascular disease events and deaths.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 2.39 years, a total of 2768 participants developed cardiovascular events, and after a median follow-up of 8.43 years, 317 cases of cardiovascular deaths occurred. The risk of cardiovascular disease increased with baseline faecal haemoglobin in a dose–response manner, yielding a significant elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in parallel with the incremental concentration of faecal haemoglobin (adjusted HRs=1.04, 1.10, 1.40 and 1.23 for faecal haemoglobin concentrations of 1–19, 20–49, 50–99 and ≥100 ng/mL, trend test, p<0.0001, as compared with the reference group with undetectable faecal haemoglobin concentrations). A similar pattern was observed for the risk of cardiovascular disease deaths. In addition, the faecal haemoglobin improved the prediction performance of the model for the risk of cardiovascular diseases; the integrated discrimination improvement was 0.3% (p<0.001) for cardiovascular events and 0.1% (p=0.020) for cardiovascular deaths.ConclusionsOur data support that faecal haemoglobin concentrations may be associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The biological mechanisms underlying the role of faecal haemoglobin as health outcomes should be investigated.