bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concomitant accumulations of ions, osmoprotectants and antioxidant system-related substances provide salt tolerance capability to succulent extreme-halophyte Scorzonera hieraciifolia
Authors: ALTUNTAŞ Cansu , TERZİ Rabiye 
Published: January 2021

Halophytes adapting to live in salinized areas can activate some
tolerance mechanism through signal compounds to cope with salinity.
However, the role of co-activity of signal compounds in salt tolerance
of halophytes is not yet fully understood. We have firstly detected that
Scorzonera hieraciifolia with fleshy shoots is a succulent
extreme-halophyte and researched the changes in signal compounds
involved in the salt tolerance mechanism, including inorganic ions,
osmoprotectants and substances related to antioxidant system. The levels
of signal compounds such as calcium, magnesium, proline, soluble sugar,
hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, ascorbate and glutathione concomitantly
increased when thickness of shoot tissues enhanced under excess
salinity. There were 3.3-fold, 5-fold, 8-fold and 10-fold enhancements
in the levels of inorganic ions (Ca and
Mg), hydrogen peroxide, ascorbate and glutathione in
the shoots treated with excess salinity, respectively. Contents of
sodium, potassium and chlorine, and antioxidant enzyme activities,
superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase,
catalase and glutathione reductase, also increased in the salinized
shoots. Western blot analysis showed that the increases in antioxidant
enzyme activities were consistent with increases in their protein
contents.
The results suggest that extraordinary salt tolerance capacity in
Scorzonera hieraciifolia, a succulent extreme-halophyte can be
improved by modulated accumulations of signal compounds, especially
calcium, magnesium, osmoprotectants, reactive oxygen species and
antioxidant substances. Moreover, massive induction of antioxidant
enzymes can make strong contributions to salt stress tolerance of
S. hieraciifolia.
Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery
Authors: Swanson Scott J. , White Abby 
Published: January 2021

Since the early 1990s, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has revolutionized surgical care. The era of VATS is sufficiently mature that enough data have accrued to compare the efficacy of VATS with that of open procedures. In this regard, anatomic pulmonary resection by VATS has led to significant reductions in morbidity, mortality, and hospital length of stay, allowing patients a more expeditious return to regular activities. VATS has been used in the treatment of both benign and malignant diseases of the chest. Furthermore, VATS may be used in selected patients with early-stage lung cancer without breaching oncologic surgical principles. This review covers the case for VATS technology; operative planning; basic thoracoscopy operative technique; VATS procedures for pleural disease, pulmonary wedge resection, spontaneous pneumothorax and bullous disease, lung volume reduction surgery, lobectomy, mediastinal lymph node dissection, pericardial window, mediastinal masses, management of thoracic trauma, sympathectomy and splanchnicectomy; and cost considerations. Figures show preoperative evaluation; proper patient position in the operating room, with the patient propped on pontoons; triangulation technique for port placement in relation to intrathoracic structures and targets; thoracoscope and trocar placement; video and monitors; wedge resection with lung compression clamp; tissue-reinforced stapler inserted into the chest; endoleader looped around the superior pulmonary vein; endoleader looped around the truncus anterior and its branch; and division of the upper lobe bronchus. Tables list indications and relative contraindications for VATS procedures, basic instruments and equipment used for VATS procedures, and operative steps for VATS lobectomy.

This review contains 10 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 35 references
Key words: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; VATS; Minimally invasive thoracic surgery; Thoracoscopy; Rigid thoracoscope; Flexible thoracoscope; Thoracoport
Hereditary Colorectal Cancer and Polyposis Syndromes
Authors: Guillem Jose G. , Ammori John B 
Published: January 2021

The majority of cases of inherited colorectal cancer (CRC) are accounted for by two syndromes: Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). In the management of FAP, the role of prophylactic surgery is clearly defined, although the optimal procedure for an individual patient depends on a number of factors. In the management of Lynch syndrome, the indications for prophylactic procedures are emerging. The authors address the clinical evaluation, investigation findings, medical and surgical therapy, and extracolonic diseases of FAP, attenuated form of FAP (AFAP), MYH-associated polyposis, Lynch syndrome, familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX), hyperplastic polyposis syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and juvenile polyposis syndrome. AFAP has been described that is associated with fewer adenomas and later development of CRC compared with classic FAP. The AFAP phenotype occurs in less than 10% of FAP patients. The clinical criteria for AFAP are no family members with more than 100 adenomas before the age of 30 years and (1) at least two patients with 10 to 99 adenomas at age over 30 years or (2) one patient with 10 to 99 adenomas at age over 30 years and a first-degree relative with CRC with few adenomas. Given that polyposis has a later onset and the risk of CRC is less well established in AFAP, some authors question whether prophylactic colectomy is necessary in all AFAP patients.

This review contains 26 tables and 173 references
Keywords: Colorectal cancer, Lynch syndrome, hyperplastic polyp, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis
Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis: Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Ziegler Kenneth R. , Naslund Thomas C. 
Published: January 2021

Nearly 800,000 strokes are reported in the United States annually, with an economic impact upward of $33 billion. Carotid artery disease, familiar to all vascular surgeons, accounts for just over one fifth of these strokes. However, these cases reflect an opportunity for the surgeon to intervene and mitigate the substantial burden of stroke. This review includes the epidemiology of stroke in the United States and the carotid artery and noncarotid etiologies of stroke, including atherosclerotic disease, fibromuscular dysplasia, carotid artery dissection, and cardioembolism. The clinical presentations of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and transient ischemia attacks are examined, as are the major findings expected in the patient history and physical examination. Strategies for further evaluation of the patient are discussed, including the use of sonographic imaging of the carotid artery and the relative advantages and disadvantages among the dominant modes of brain imaging. New updates to the review include interventional approaches toward the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, as well as the latest strategies regarding the timing of carotid endarterectomy after stroke and the utility of carotid artery stenting in these patients, with active areas of current research highlighted. Figures show a computed tomographic (CT) angiogram of fibromuscular dysplasia of an internal carotid artery, a CT angiogram of an internal carotid artery dissection showing a defect in the dissection, a CT scan demonstrating hemorrhagic conversion of cardioembolic stroke, a CT scan of acute thalamic hemorrhage, a CT scan of evolving ischemic stroke, a T2-weighted image demonstrating acute left frontal stroke and remote right frontal stroke, T1- and T2-weighted images of right parietal ischemic stroke, and M1 occlusion of a middle cerebral artery treated successfully with transcatheter thrombectomy. Tables list Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound and University of Washington criteria for duplex ultrasound diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis.

This review contains 8 figures, 8 tables, and 68 references.
Keywords: Carotid stenosis, ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, endovascular therapy, thrombolysis, infarct, hemorrhagic stroke, atherosclerosis, embolism
Strategies of Hemodialysis Access
Authors: Macsata Robyn A. , Sidawy Anton N. 
Published: January 2021

Chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have become common diagnoses in the United States; in response, several clinical practice guidelines for the surgical placement and maintenance of arteriovenous (AV) hemodialysis access have been published. This review examines temporary hemodialysis access, permanent hemodialysis accesses, and the Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow (HeRO) graft. Figures show trends in the number of incident cases of ESRD, in thousands, by modality, in the US population, 1980 to 2012, Medicare ESRD expenditures, algorithm for access location selection, autogenous posterior radial branch-cephalic wrist direct access (snuff-box fistula), autogenous radial-cephalic wrist direct access (Brescia-Cimino-Appel fistula), autogenous radial-basilic forearm transposition, prosthetic radial-antecubital forearm straight access, prosthetic brachial (or proximal radial) antecubital forearm looped access, autogenous brachial (or proximal radial) cephalic upper arm direct access, autogenous brachial (or proximal radial) basilic upper arm transposition, prosthetic brachial (or proximal radial) axillary (or brachial) upper arm straight access, prosthetic superficial femoral-femoral (vein) lower extremity straight access and looped access, prosthetic axillary-axillary (vein) chest looped access, straight access, and body wall straight access, HeRO graft, banding of the outflow access tract, distal revascularization with interval ligation, upper extremity edema and varicosities associated with venous hypertension, internal jugular to subclavian venous bypass, and puncture-site pseudoaneurysms of an AV access. Tables list AV access configuration, autogenous AV access patency rates, and prosthetic AV access patency rates.
This review contains 20 figures, 3 tables, and 76 references.
Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, End-stage renal disease, Short- and Long-term dialysis catheters, Autogenous AV access, Prosthetic AV access, HeRO graft, Arterial Steal, Venous hypertension, Pseudoaneurysm, Megafistula
Rehabilitation of the Burn Patient
Authors: Stewart Barclay T , Mandell Samuel P , Gibran Nicole 
Published: January 2021

Burn rehabilitation begins the moment the patient contacts the healthcare system and, for many patients, it never truly ends. Returning severely burned patients to their pre-injury level of function has become more challenging, as more severely burned patients survive their injury. The need for rehabilitation does not simply correspond with burn depth, total body surface area involved, or injury severity. Other factors also impact need for rehabilitation, such as anatomic location of injury (eg, across finger joints, face), additional psychosocial strain from a house fire or having an injured loved one, or body image concerns related to visible scarring. To meet these and other challenges posed by burn injuries, rehabilitation requires a multidisciplinary team including, but not limited to, nursing, surgery, burn therapy, rehabilitation medicine, vocational counseling, rehabilitation psychology, psychiatry, and nutrition. Accord­ingly, verification as a burn center by the American Burn Association requires a goal-oriented, multidisciplinary rehabilitation program. This chapter broadly discusses the spectrum and integral components of burn rehabilitation.
This review contains 13 figures, 8 tables, and 71 references.
Key Words: burn, community integration, function, mental health, multidisciplinary, outcome, pain, quality of life, reconstruction, rehabilitation, therapy.
Constipation: Diagnosis and Investigation
Authors: Knowles Charles H 
Published: January 2021

Although constipation is no longer treated primarily with surgery, surgeons continue to regularly see patients with constipation in ward and ambulatory settings. It is therefore critical that surgeons have a practical approach to the patient with constipation in respect of diagnosis, investigation, and management. This review covers background knowledge in terms of the definition, classification, epidemiology, and etiology of constipation. It then addresses the clinical evaluation and investigation of the patient with chronic constipation. A subsequent review follows on to cover medical and surgical management.

This review contains 6 figures, 8 tables and 59 references
Key Words: chronic constipation, constipation, defecation disorder, defecography, dyssynergia, intussusception, manometry, proctography, rectocele, slow-transit
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA DAN SUMBER BELAJAR ABAD 21
Authors: Mulyono  , Ampo Ilham 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang pemanfaatan sumber dan media belajar di era modernisasi dan globalisasi seperti di abad ke 21 ini, pendidikan menjadi semakin penting untuk menjamin peserta didik memiliki keterampilan (life skills). Hal ini sesuai dengan tuntutan abad 21 dimana peserta didik harus memiliki kompetensi berpikir dan belajar. Kompetensi-kompetensi tersebut diantaranya adalah kompetensi komunikasi (communication), kolaborasi (collaboration), berpikir kritis dan memecahkan masalah (critical thinking and problem solving) kreatif dan inovatif (creativity and innovation). Dalam pesatnya perkembangan IPTEK menuntut berbagai perubahan mendasar termasuk perubahan dalam memanfaatkan penggunaan media dan sumber belajar. Sehingga dengan adanya media dan sumber belajar yang lebih bervariatif, maka akan menjawab berbagai permasalahan pembelajaran sehingga akan menciptakan tujuan hasil pembelajaran yang lebih maksimal.
Kata kunci: Media, Sumber, Belajar

ABSTRACT

This article aims to describe the use of learning resources and media in the era of modernization and globalization such as in this 21st century, Education to be more and more important to guarantee the member of education to have skills (life skills).It is in accordance with the 21st century pursuit , where they should have the competence of thinking and learning. Those competences are such as competence to communicate, collaborate, think critically, solve problems, and to be creative and innovative. Along with rapid development of Science and Technology it pursue many basic – changes including the changes in utilizing the use of media and learning resources.So that with the media and learning resources that are more varied, it will answer various learning problems so that it will create a goal of learning outcomes that is more leverage.Keyword: Media, Resources, Learning
The Effect of The Use of Video on English Vocabulary Mastery of The Elementary Second Level Students at SDN 018 Samarinda
Authors: Pane Widi Syahtia , Geroda Godefridus Bali 
Published: January 2021

Vocabulary is one of language components that plays an important role in communication. Through vocabulary, students can develop the four skills in English language such as listening, reading, writing, and speaking. There are many ways in teaching vocabulary and increasing vocabulary mastery. In this study, the writer used video as a technique. In this study, the writer wants to found out that has any significant effect of the use of Video on English vocabulary mastery of the elementary second level students at SDN 018 Samarinda.The design of this study was pre-experimental design. The writer gave pre-test, treatment, and post-test to one group. The sample of this study was 30 students of the elementary second level students at SDN 018 Samarinda. In analyzing data, the writer used t-test to find out the significance difference between the result before treatment (pre-test) and after treatment (post-test).In pre-test, from 30 students, 7 students got A (excellent), 6 students got B (good), 7 students got C (fair), 6 students got D (poor), and 4 students got E (fail). In post-test, from 30 students, 13 students got A (excellent), 8 students got B (good), 8 students got C (fair), 1 student got D (poor), and no students got E (fail). The mean score of vocabulary before treatment (pre-test) was fair (67,7) and the mean score of vocabulary after treatment (post-test) was good (78,7). The result of the findings of the study showed t-count (6.358) is greater ( ˃ ) than t-table (2.045) at level of significant (p) = 5% and df = 29. It means the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. It means that the use of Video give very significant effects on vocabulary to the elementary second level students of SDN 018 Samarinda
Teacher's Challenges in Teaching English to Young Learner using Montessori Method
Authors: Kai Jian Chong , Syahtia Pane Widi 
Published: January 2021

Montessori Method is rarely used in Indonesia, especially Samarinda, and schools that apply this method are still relatively few. Teachers who choose this method and teach in schools that use this method are ready to face the challenges based on Pertiwi et al. (2020) when teaching children to learn English using a specific Method. This article reports a qualitative study that figures out the Teacher's challenges in teaching English for young learners around 5-6 years old using Montessori Method to "Follow the child" and use the English Language as their instruction language. Two kindergarten English teachers in Nido Montessori School participated in this study, and data were collected through interview-based on case study design.
This study indicated that teachers face several challenges when teaching English to young learners using the Montessori Method. Children who lack the English Language create limited communication between teachers and children because children can express what they need using the Language. Children with different characteristics challenges teachers focus on each of them and follow all of their need. Teaching English to the young learner using Montessori Method sometimes does not match the teaching topic or lesson, and this challenging Teacher to quickly use another teaching technique to make all the children able to follow the lesson.
In conclusion, teaching English to young learners using a specific method (Montessori Method) will challenge the English Teacher.
PENGARUH KETERAMPILAN DASAR MENGAJAR GURU TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA
Authors: Syafitri Fanie Ryant 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh keterampilan dasar mengajar guru terhadap hasil belajar pelajaran fisika pada materi cahaya di kelas VIlI SMP Negeri 1 Bontang. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIll-A dan VIIl-B yang berjumiah 45 siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode survey explanatory. Untuk mengukur keterampilan dasar mengajar guru dan hasil belajar siswa, teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah angket dan tes tertulis. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dihubungkan dengan menggunakan uji regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa dengan rata rata nilai sebesar 77,22 dan keterampilan dasar mengajar guru termasuk dalam kriteria tinggi, yaitu sebesar 71%. Dari hasil analisis regresi linear sederhana dengan bantuan program SPSS 20didapatkan persamaan Y=17,241 +0,778X. Uji F diperoleh nilai Fhitung= 56,017 dengan signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05 sehingga Haditerima. Secara parsial (uji t) diperoleh thitung4,067 (pada taraf signifikansi 5%) sehingga Ha diterima. Secara parsial terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara persepsi siswa tentang keterampilan dasar mengajar guru terhadap hasil belajar fisika pada materi cahaya di kelas VII SMP Negeri l Bontang.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNIG (PBL) MATA PELAJARAN IPA PADA TEMA LINGKUNGAN SAHABAT KITA SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Hidayat  , Amir Muhammad , Herliani  
Published: January 2021

Every education should experience a new innovation designed to teach special skills, beliefs and concepts to become better. The 2013 curriculum emphasizes performance assessments to determine the achievement of student competencies that include knowledge, skills and attitudes, the focus of educational assessments is the successful learning of learners to achieve the competencies defined in this case teachers can enrich ideas and ideas to help optimize student thinking skills. IPA Learning provides students to develop curiosity, knowledge, improve process skills, and awareness to appreciate the nature of God's creation and preserve the surrounding natural environment as well as the basis for continuing to a higher level of education.The main objective of Problem Based Learning (PBL) is the ability to think critical and problem solving skills while developing learners ' ability to actively build their own knowledge. The PBL is also intended to develop the independence of learning and the social skills of learners that are formed when they work to identify relevant information, strategies, and learning resources to resolve problems. The research method used is research and Development to produce a specific product, and to test the effectiveness of the product. Research and Development aims to improve the quality of education and develop and validate the outcomes of education. The study obtained pre-test and post-test value data which will be carried out by the process of data processing using SPSS 2.4 i.e. the T test in pairs (Paired-Samples T Test) wasobtained that the average value of Pre-Test 68.4 and the average Post-Test value of 87.8. Number of 15 students. Deviation Freedom 14 value sig. 2 tailled 0.000 with a degree of confidence 95%. Where the lowest grade pre-test students are 60 and the highest 75 while the lowest post-test students are 85 andthe highest 93. Based on the results it shows that the grades of students increased by 19.4% or 291 points. It can be said that the PBL model SCIENCE subject reference book developed can improve student learning outcomes.
EFISIENSI PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK SISWA KELAS II SEKOLAH DASAR DI SAMARINDA
Authors: Marhuma  , Siddik Mohammad , Rahardjo Budi 
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the results of the analysis of the needs of teachers and students, the results of field trials, and the effectiveness test so that they produce appropriate learning thematic teaching materials. This type of research is development research that refers to the ADDIE development model. The research data were obtained from the results of interviews, observation sheets, validation sheets of thematic learning teaching materials, teacher responses and test study results. The results of the assessment of the development of thematic teaching materials, validated by experts, obtained 90% of the very valid conversion results, the analysis of student learning outcomes after using the results of developing thematic teaching materials obtained 90.04% very effective categories. Thematic teaching materials developed by researchers use the ADDIE model that is feasible, effective and efficient to use in the learning process in elementary schools.