bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the association between optimal energy intake and all‐cause mortality in older patients with diabetes mellitus using the Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial
Authors: Omura Takuya , Tamura Yoshiaki , Yamaoka Takuya , Yoshimura Yukio , Sakurai Takashi , Umegaki Hiroyuki , Kamada Chiemi , Iimuro Satoshi , Ohashi Yasuo , Ito Hideki , Araki Atsushi ,   The Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial Research Group
Published: December 2019

AimSelecting optimal energy intake during diet therapy for older patients with diabetes mellitus is difficult because of the large differences in physical function and comorbid diseases. In Japan, although requirements for total energy intake are calculated by multiplying a person's standard bodyweight (BW) by the amount of physical activity, evidence supporting the application of this method among older people is limited. Therefore, we aimed to assess optimal energy intake by evaluating the relationship between energy intake and mortality in older patients.MethodsWe evaluated data from a 6‐year prospective follow up of 756 older patients with diabetes mellitus, and the association between baseline nutrient intake and mortality. Total energy intake and nutrients were evaluated, and energy intake per actual BW was categorized into quartiles (Q). Cox regression analysis was used for statistical analyses. Energy intake per standard BW or age‐related target BW was statistically analyzed using the same protocol.ResultsAnalysis of energy intake per actual BW showed that hazard ratios for mortality was significantly higher in Q1 and Q4. Similar associations were found for energy intake per standard or target BW. Subgroup analysis showed that mortality rate was the lowest in Q2 in the young‐old population and in Q3 in the old‐old population.ConclusionsA U‐shaped relationship was observed between energy intake per BW and mortality in older patients with diabetes mellitus, which suggests that the optimal energy intake per actual or target BW should encompass a wide range to prevent malnutrition and excessive nutrition in these patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 59–65.
How I investigate acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Narayanan Damodaran , Weinberg Olga K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a neoplasm of immature myeloid cells and is associated with a wide variety of clinical presentations, morphological features, immunophenotypes, and genetic findings. Recent advances in identification of cytogenetic abnormalities and mutations have provided novel insights into the pathogenesis of AML. Based on the above‐mentioned parameters, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified AML into 25 subtypes, including 2 provisional entities, which differ in prognosis and treatment. In addition, certain mutations are associated with germline predisposition and increase the risk of inherited AML, which warrants family screening. Therefore, precise diagnosis and classification of AML are the most important steps in patient management. Both these steps require incorporation of history, clinical presentation, and laboratory results with studies performed by a pathologist. Pathologist‐initiated studies include morphologic evaluation on the bone marrow aspirate and/or core biopsy, immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and/or immunohistochemistry, cytogenetic analysis by karyotyping and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization, and molecular testing using gene panels and/or next‐generation sequencing. A similar approach is employed during follow‐up of patients after beginning treatment. Here, we describe in detail the various aspects of the workup, including purpose, limitations, and practice guidelines for the different studies. The process of choosing appropriate materials for the different studies is also addressed. We also provide an algorithm for the workup and risk stratification of AML based on guidelines recommended by the WHO, College of American Pathologists, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, American Society of Clinical Oncology, European Society of Medical Oncology, and the European LeukemiaNet.
Combined use of multiparametric flow cytometry and cytomorphology to enhance detection of neuroblastoma metastatic cells in bone marrow
Authors: Manenq Christine , Lesesve Jean‐François , Dreumont Natacha , Massin Frédéric , Salignac Sylvain , Mansuy Ludovic , Chastagner Pascal , Latger‐Cannard Véronique , Broséus Julien 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn the context of neuroblastoma (NB), the screening for bone marrow (BM) metastasis is a recurrent issue for hematology laboratory routine practice. Detection of low tumor burden using light microscopy is often difficult. In this regard, our objective was to evaluate the performance of multiparametric flow cytometry (FC) for detecting NB metastatic cells in BM.MethodsWe applied a new FC multiparametric panel allowing the analysis of the co‐expression of 5 surface markers: GD2 (disialoganglioside 2), CD9, CD56, CD81, and CD90, on CD45‐negative BM cell populations, and compared results with BM biopsy immunohistochemistry, which is the reference method.ResultsIn spike‐in tests, the multiparametric FC successfully detected NB cells mixed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells to a level of 0.01%. FC analysis was performed on 45 sets of BM aspirates sampled from 21 children, either at diagnosis or during follow‐up. Combining multiparametric FC with light microscopy improved NB metastasis detection, with a higher sensitivity (76.9% vs 61.5%) and a higher specificity (94.4% vs 77.8%) as compared to light microscopy alone. At the time of diagnosis, multiparametric FC detected NB metastatic cells in all cases.ConclusionThese results illustrate the performance of multiparametric FC analysis to detect metastatic BM infiltration of NB. This is of particular interest in an emergency context, since when combined with light microscopy, it enhances the detection of metastatic invasion within a short timeframe, allowing an adapted and rapid clinical management.
Poor access to kidney disease management services in susceptible patient populations in rural Australia is associated with increased aeromedical retrievals for acute renal care
Authors: Gardiner Fergus W. , Bishop Lara , Gale Lauren , Harwood Abby , Teoh Narci , Lucas Robyn M. , Jones Martin , Laverty Martin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundInequalities in access to renal services and acute care for rural and remote populations in Australia have been described but not quantified.AimTo describe: the coverage of renal disease management services in rural and remote Australia; and the characteristics of patients who had an aeromedical retrieval for renal disease by Australia's Royal Flying Doctor Service (RFDS).MethodsData from the RFDS, the Australian Bureau of Statistics, and Health Direct were used to estimate provision of renal disease management services by geographic area. RFDS patient diagnostic data were prospectively collected from 2014 to 2018.ResultsMany rural and remote areas have limited access to regular renal disease management services. Most RFDS retrievals for renal disease are from regions without such services. The RFDS conducted 1636 aeromedical retrievals for renal disease, which represented 1.6% of all retrievals. Among retrieved patients, there was a higher proportion of men than women (54.6% vs 45.4%, P < 0.01), while indigenous patients (n = 546, 33.4%) were significantly younger than non‐indigenous patients (40.9 vs 58.5, P < 0.01). There were significant differences in underlying diagnoses triggering retrievals between genders, with males being more likely than females to be transferred with acute renal failure, calculus of the kidney and ureter, renal colic, obstructive uropathy, and kidney failure (all P < 0.01). Conversely, females were more likely to have chronic kidney disease, disorders of the urinary system, acute nephritic syndrome, tubulo‐interstitial nephritis, and nephrotic syndrome (all P < 0.01).ConclusionAeromedical retrievals for acute care were from rural areas without regular access to renal disease prevention or management services.
Inhibition of MELK produces potential anti‐tumour effects in bladder cancer by inducing G1/S cell cycle arrest via the ATM/CHK2/p53 pathway
Authors: Chen Song , Zhou Qiang , Guo Zicheng , Wang Yejinpeng , Wang Lu , Liu Xuefeng , Lu Mengxin , Ju Lingao , Xiao Yu , Wang Xinghuan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the biological function of MELK and the therapeutic potential of OTSSP167 in human bladder cancer (BCa). First, we observed overexpression of MELK in BCa cell lines and tissues and found that it was associated with higher tumour stage and tumour grade, which was consistent with transcriptome analysis. High expression of MELK was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in BCa patients, and MELK was found to have a role in the cell cycle, the G1/S transition in mitosis, and DNA repair and replication. Furthermore, BCa cells presented significantly decreased proliferation capacity following silencing of MELK or treatment with OTSSP167 in vitro and in vivo. Functionally, reduction in MELK or treatment of cells with OTSSP167 could induce cell cycle arrest and could suppress migration. In addition, these treatments could activate phosphorylation of ATM and CHK2, which would be accompanied by down‐regulated MDMX, cyclin D1, CDK2 and E2F1; however, p53 and p21 would be activated. Opposite results were observed when MELK expression was induced. Overall, MELK was found to be a novel oncogene in BCa that induces cell cycle arrest via the ATM/CHK2/p53 pathway. OTSSP167 displays potent anti‐tumour activities, which may provide a new molecule‐based strategy for BCa treatment.
Lovastatin‐mediated MCF‐7 cancer cell death involves LKB1‐AMPK‐p38MAPK‐p53‐survivin signalling cascade
Authors: Huang Shiu‐Wen , Chyuan I‐Tsu , Shiue Ching , Yu Meng‐Chieh , Hsu Ya‐Fen , Hsu Ming‐Jen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that statins, which are widely used in lowering serum cholesterol and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, also exhibits anti‐tumour properties. The underlying mechanisms by which statins‐induced cancer cell death, however, remain incompletely understood. In this study, we explored the anti‐tumour mechanisms of a lipophilic statin, lovastatin, in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. Lovastatin inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Lovastatin caused p21 elevation while reduced cyclin D1 and survivin levels. Lovastatin also increased p53 phosphorylation, acetylation and its reporter activities. Results from chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that p53 binding to the survivin promoter region was increased, while Sp1 binding to the region was decreased, in MCF‐7 cells after lovastatin exposure. These actions were associated with liver kinase B1 (LKB1), AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) activation. Lovastatin's enhancing effects on p53 activation, p21 elevation and survivin reduction were significantly reduced in the presence of p38MAPK signalling inhibitor. Furthermore, LKB1‐AMPK signalling blockade abrogated lovastatin‐induced p38MAPK and p53 phosphorylation. Together these results suggest that lovastatin may activate LKB1‐AMPK‐p38MAPK‐p53‐survivin cascade to cause MCF‐7 cell death. The present study establishes, at least in part, the signalling cascade by which lovastatin induces breast cancer cell death.
Evolutionary developmental genetics of teeth and odontodes in jawed vertebrates: a perspective from the study of elasmobranchs
Authors: Berio Fidji , Debiais‐Thibaud Mélanie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMost extant vertebrates display a high variety of tooth and tooth‐like organs (odontodes) that vary in shape, position over the body and nature of composing tissues. The development of these structures is known to involve similar genetic cascades and teeth and odontodes are believed to share a common evolutionary history. Gene expression patterns have previously been compared between mammalian and teleost tooth development but we highlight how the comparative framework was not always properly defined to deal with different tooth types or tooth developmental stages. Larger‐scale comparative analyses also included cartilaginous fishes: sharks display oral teeth and dermal scales for which the gene expression during development started to be investigated in the small‐spotted catsharkScyliorhinus caniculaduring the past decade. We report several descriptive approaches to analyse the embryonic tooth and caudal scale gene expressions inS. canicula. We compare these expressions wih the ones reported in mouse molars and teleost oral and pharyngeal teeth and highlight contributions and biases that arise from these interspecific comparisons. We finally discuss the evolutionary processes that can explain the observed intra and interspecific similarities and divergences in the genetic cascades involved in tooth and odontode development in jawed vertebrates.
Effect of acute kidney injury on long‐term outcomes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients using the International Club of Ascites‐acute kidney injury criteria
Authors: Sohn Won , Kim Jung Hee , Cho Ju‐Yeon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThis study aimed to investigate the effect of acute kidney injury (AKI) on long‐term mortality of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhotic patients using International Club of Ascites (ICA)‐AKI criteria.MethodsA total of 157 cirrhotic patients with a first episode of SBP between 2007 and 2016 were analyzed. We investigated the long‐term mortality with related risk factors of SBP in cirrhosis including the ICA‐AKI criteria. The ICA‐AKI stage at SBP diagnosis is evaluated by stages 0–3. Stage progression was defined as a progression of AKI to a higher stage.ResultsThe ICA‐AKI stage at the diagnosis of SBP was stage 0 in 91 (58%), stage 1 in 33 (21%), stage 2 in 19 (12%), and stage 3 in 14 patients (9%). Stage progression within 48 h after SBP diagnosis was noted in 18 patients (12%). Multivariable analysis showed that the risk factors for overall survival were age ≥ 60 years (hazard ratio [HR] 1.74, P = 0.029), serum sodium ≤ 130 mmol/L (HR 1.3, P = 0.017), ICA‐AKI stage 1 (HR 2.51, P = 0.003), ICA‐AKI stage 2 or 3 (HR 3.36, P < 0.001), and stage progression at 48 h after SBP diagnosis (HR 2.57, P = 0.004). The differences in overall survival using the ICA‐AKI in patients without AKI using the conventional criteria were significantly different (P = 0.019).ConclusionAcute kidney injury and its progression are significant risk factors for mortality in cirrhotic patients with SBP. The application of the ICA‐AKI criteria is important and advantageous for early evaluation and intervention for a better prognosis in cirrhotic patients with SBP.
The qualification and training of laser/intense pulse light hair removal operators within South Africa
Authors: Thomas Mandy M. , Houreld Nicolette N. , Brooks Nicole 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundLasers and intense pulse light (IPL) sources are powerful devices that can cause skin burns, pigmentary changes, and scarring if used incorrectly. Adequate training is essential, and regulations are required to limit complications.AimsThe purpose was to investigate the qualifications and training obtained by laser hair removal operators in South Africa.MethodsQuestionnaires were distributed and information gathered from owners/managers of laser clinics, suppliers of laser devices in South Africa, individuals in the workplace performing laser hair removal procedures, and accredited tertiary institutions.ResultsA majority of clinic owners/managers (94.45%) felt that more emphasis should be placed on laser hair removal training at a tertiary level, and 66.67% outsource additional training provided by the manufacturer of laser devices. Based on the survey to manufacturers, 50% did not require any formal qualification as a minimum requirement, while 33.33% indicated laser hair removal training is incorporated at a NQF level 4 (National/Senior Certificate). The majority of individuals (68.89%) received training from tertiary institutions; however, they did not receive any practical training, and 60.87% felt the amount of training was insufficient. According to the survey sent to tertiary institutions in South Africa, only 27.78% offer laser hair removal training, and of these, 20% offer no practical training and 50% indicated that no practical examination is provided.ConclusionsThere is a clear lack of training in laser hair removal in South Africa. The industry should have standard requirements in terms of minimum practical and theoretical hours with regards to the therapy.
Students' observations of hand hygiene in nursing homes using the five moments of hand hygiene
Authors: Løyland Borghild , Peveri Anne Marthe , Hessevaagbakke Elisabeth , Taasen Inger , Lindeflaten Katrin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo use nursing students to observe hand hygiene adherence in nursing homes and to explore whether the students' reflections after observing hand hygiene practices gives them a deeper understanding of the subject matter.BackgroundResidents in nursing homes worldwide have low tolerance for healthcare‐associated infections that require antibiotics, and hand hygiene is the single most effective action to reduce infections.DesignObservational study using (a) World Health Organization's (WHO) “Five moments for hand hygiene” validated tool to record indications and adherence and (b) an exploratory study of individual reflection notes from students conducted during and after observations.MethodsFrom February 12–15, 2018, 26 nursing students in their second semester of a 3‐year bachelor programme participated as observers in five wards in four nursing homes in the Oslo metropolitan area. This study was performed according to the STROBE statement.ResultsHand hygiene was performed for 57.2% of the 2,393 indications observed and recorded. Adherence differed significantly by type of personnel and by location. Four thematic categories emerged from the reflection notes: (a) practical awareness and introspection; (b) visualisation and enhancement of understanding of practice learning; (c) incorrect hand hygiene practices; and (d) stimulation to increase essential knowledge.ConclusionHand hygiene adherence was too low to prevent healthcare‐associated infections and to reduce the use of antibiotics. The students' reflection notes indicated more “insight and understanding of the complexity of hand hygiene.” We suggest using nursing students in clinical placement as a means of incorporating different interventions as part of their learning skills and become “living reminders” of the importance of hygiene and infection prevention.Relevance for clinical practiceImproving the student's activity about hygiene and infection prevention in clinical placement may help to raise awareness by healthcare workers in nursing homes.
Randomised clinical trial of group‐based physiotherapy in extremely low birthweight children with minimal/mild motor impairment: A preliminary study
Authors: Brown Laura , Burns Yvonne R , Watter Pauline , Gibbons Kristen S , Gray Peter H 
Published: December 2019

AimExtremely low birthweight infants often present with mild neurodevelopmental impairments in gross motor function and postural stability in early childhood. The aim of the study was to undertake a randomised controlled trial to determine the short‐ and longer‐term effects of group‐based physiotherapy compared to standard care on performance in extremely low birthweight children with minimal/mild impairment.MethodsFifty children aged 4 years, born <28 weeks gestation and/or birthweight <1000 g with minimal/mild motor impairment were enrolled in a randomised controlled trial and randomly allocated to 6 weeks of group‐based intervention (n = 24) or standard care (n = 26). The intervention consisted of a combination of traditional physiotherapy and task‐oriented approaches of approximately 1 h in duration and varied according to each child's strengths and weaknesses. Baseline, post intervention and 1 year post baseline assessments included Movement Assessment Battery for Children‐2 (MABC‐2), single leg stance, lateral reach and long jump.ResultsForty‐eight (96%) children completed the study, which demonstrated no significant differences between the intervention and standard care groups on any of the assessments. Both groups improved initially from baseline to initial reassessment on the MABC‐2 (P < 0.001). For both groups, however, MABC‐2 manual dexterity, aiming/catching and total score declined from baseline to 1 year follow‐up. However, for both groups, single leg stance and limb strength were significantly improved from baseline to 1 year follow‐up.ConclusionsThere were no differences in outcomes between groups. Both approaches may contribute to improved short‐term performance and longer‐term improvements on functional skills in extremely preterm children.
Icariside II improves myocardial fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats by inhibiting collagen synthesis
Authors: Fu Shu , Li Yeli , Wu Yuting , Yue Yun , Yang Danli 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to investigate the effects of icariside II (ICS II) on myocardial fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and to explore the possible mechanisms.

Methods
We used SHRs as animal models, and we administered ICS II (4, 8 or 16 mg/kg) orally by gavage for 12 consecutive weeks (Fu et al., Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100: 64). The left ventricular morphology of the rats was observed using haematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining. The occurrence of myocardial interstitial fibrosis was detected by Masson's trichrome staining. The protein levels of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Collagen I, III, matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), phospho-Smad2 (p-Smad2), phospho-Smad3 (p-Smad3) and phospho-p38 (p-p38) were examined by Western blotting.

Key findings
The results suggested that ICS II improved myocardial interstitial and perivascular collagen deposition and decreased Collagen I/III and α-SMA expression. ICS II (8 and 16 mg/kg) downregulated the expression of MMP-2 and MMP9 and upregulated the expression of TIMP1. In addition, the protein levels of p-Smad2/3, TGF-β1 and p-p38 were decreased by ICS II treatment.

Conclusions
The results suggest that ICS II can inhibit the expression of Collagen I and Collagen III through the MMP/TIMP-1 and TGF-β1/Smad2,3/p-p38 signalling pathways and that it has therapeutic effects on myocardial fibrosis.
The Influence of Color on Brand Extension: Mediation Role of Processing Style
Authors: Kim Yeung‐Jo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractColor carries distinct psychological meanings and thus it may induce a different cognitive processing style. Adopting this conceptual framework, the current research investigated the influence of color on brand extension evaluation. For color manipulation, participants were given the picture of a brand extension product (e.g., notebook) on a blue versus red background on a sheet of paper. Then participants evaluated the brand extension product. The finding revealed that participants in the blue‐background condition evaluated the extension product more favorably than those in the red‐background condition. This research further demonstrated that processing style mediated the effect of color on the evaluation of the brand extension product by using a visual matching task. In addition, this research showed the moderating effect of brand slogan on brand extension evaluation. Participants in the blue‐background condition evaluated the extension product (i.e., digital camera) more favorably when they were exposed to the abstract brand slogan, whereas participants in the red‐background condition evaluated the extension product more favorably when they were exposed to the concrete brand slogan.