bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of cognitive reserve in cognitive variability in euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder: cross-sectional cluster analysis
Authors: Tsapekos Dimosthenis , Strawbridge Rebecca , Mantingh Tim , Cella Matteo , Wykes Til , Young Allan H. 
Published: October 2020

Background
People with bipolar disorder have moderate cognitive difficulties that tend to be more pronounced during mood episodes but persist after clinical remission and affect recovery. Recent evidence suggests heterogeneity in these difficulties, but the factors underlying cognitive heterogeneity are unclear.

Aims
To examine whether distinct cognitive profiles can be identified in a sample of euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder and examine potential differences between subgroups.

Method
Cognitive performance was assessed across four domains (i.e. processing speed, verbal learning/memory, working memory, executive functioning) in 80 participants. We conducted a hierarchical cluster analysis and a discriminant function analysis to identify cognitive profiles and considered differences in cognitive reserve, estimated cognitive decline from premorbid cognitive functioning, and clinical characteristics among subgroups.

Results
Four discrete cognitive profiles were identified: cognitively intact (n = 25; 31.3%); selective deficits in verbal learning and memory (n = 15; 18.8%); intermediate deficits across all cognitive domains (n = 30; 37.5%); and severe deficits across all domains (n = 10; 12.5%). Cognitive decline after illness onset was greater for the intermediate and severe subgroups. Cognitive reserve scores were increasingly lower for subgroups with greater impairments. A smaller proportion of cognitively intact participants were using antipsychotic medications compared with all other subgroups.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that individuals with cognitively impaired profiles demonstrate more cognitive decline after illness onset. Cognitive reserve may be one of the factors underlying cognitive variability across people with bipolar disorder. Patients in the intermediate and severe subgroups may be in greater need of interventions targeting cognitive difficulties.
The Plasma Metabolomic Profile is Differently Associated with Liver Fat, Visceral Adipose Tissue, and Pancreatic Fat
Authors: Lind Lars , Salihovic Samira , Risérus Ulf , Kullberg Joel , Johansson Lars , Ahlström Håkan , Eriksson Jan W , Oscarsson Jan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Context
Metabolic differences between ectopic fat depots may provide novel insights to obesity-related diseases.

Objective
To investigate the plasma metabolomic profiles in relation to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume and liver and pancreas fat percentages.

Design
Cross-sectional.

Setting
Multicenter at academic research laboratories.

Patients
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess VAT volume, the percentage of fat in the liver and pancreas (proton density fat fraction [PDFF]) at baseline in 310 individuals with a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 and with serum triglycerides ≥ 1.7 mmol/l and/or type 2 diabetes screened for inclusion in the 2 effect of omega-3 carboxylic acid on liver fat content studies.

Intervention
None.

Main Outcome Measure
Metabolomic profiling with mass spectroscopy enabled the determination of 1063 plasma metabolites.

Results
Thirty metabolites were associated with VAT volume, 31 with liver PDFF, and 2 with pancreas PDFF when adjusting for age, sex, total body fat mass, and fasting glucose. Liver PDFF and VAT shared 4 metabolites, while the 2 metabolites related to pancreas PDFF were unique. The top metabolites associated with liver PDFF were palmitoyl-palmitoleoyl-GPC (16:0/16:1), dihydrosphingomyelin (d18:0/22:0), and betaine. The addition of these metabolites to the Liver Fat Score improved C-statistics significantly (from 0.776 to 0.861, P = 0.0004), regarding discrimination of liver steatosis.

Conclusion
Liver PDFF and VAT adipose tissue shared several metabolic associations, while those were not shared with pancreatic PDFF, indicating partly distinct metabolic profiles associated with different ectopic fat depots. The addition of 3 metabolites to the Liver Fat Score improved the prediction of liver steatosis.
Targeting Corticotroph HDAC and PI3-Kinase in Cushing Disease
Authors: Zhang Dongyun , Damoiseaux Robert , Babayan Lilit , Rivera-Meza Everett Kanediel , Yang Yingying , Bergsneider Marvin , Wang Marilene B , Yong William H , Kelly Kathleen , Heaney Anthony P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Context
Cushing disease (CD) is a life-threatening disorder. Therapeutic goals include symptom relief, biochemical control, and tumor growth inhibition. Current medical therapies for CD by and large exert no action on tumor growth.

Objective
To identify drugs that inhibit corticotroph tumor adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion and growth.

Design
High throughput screen employing a novel “gain of signal” ACTH AlphaLISA assay.

Setting
Academic medical center.

Patients
Corticotroph tumor tissues from patients with CD.

Interventions
None.

Main outcome measures
Potent inhibitors of corticotroph tumor ACTH secretion and growth.

Results
From a kinase inhibitor library, we identified the dual PI3K/HDAC inhibitor CUDC-907 as a potent inhibitor of murine and human corticotroph tumor ACTH secretion (median effective concentration 1-5 nM), and cell proliferation (median inhibitory concentration 5 nM). In an in vivo murine corticotroph tumor xenograft model, orally administered CUDC-907 (300 mg/kg) reduced corticotroph tumor volume (TV [cm3], control 0.17 ± 0.05 vs CUDC-907 0.07 ± 0.02, P &lt; .05) by 65% and suppressed plasma ACTH (ACTH [pg/mL] control 206 ± 27 vs CUDC-907 47 ± 7, P &lt; .05) and corticosterone (corticosterone [ng/mL] control 180 ± 87 vs CUDC-907 27 ± 5, P &lt; .05) levels by 77% and 85% respectively compared with controls. We also demonstrated that CUDC-907 acts through HDAC1/2 inhibition at the proopiomelanocortin transcriptional level combined with its PI3K-mediated inhibition of corticotroph cell viability to reduce ACTH secretion.

Conclusions
Given its potent efficacy in in vitro and in vivo models of CD, combined with proven safety and tolerance in clinical trials, we propose CUDC-907 may be a promising therapy for CD.
Relationship of IGF-1 and IGF-Binding Proteins to Disease Severity and Glycemia in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Stanley Takara L , Fourman Lindsay T , Zheng Isabel , McClure Colin M , Feldpausch Meghan N , Torriani Martin , Corey Kathleen E , Chung Raymond T , Lee Hang , Kleiner David E , Hadigan Colleen M , Grinspoon Steven K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Context
Growth hormone (GH) and IGF-1 help regulate hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, and reductions in these hormones may contribute to development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Objective
To assess relationships between hepatic expression of IGF1 and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and measures of glycemia and liver disease in adults with NAFLD. Secondarily to assess effects of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) on circulating IGFBPs.

Design
Analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial of GHRH.

Setting
Two US academic medical centers.

Participants
Participants were 61 men and women 18 to 70 years of age with HIV-infection, ≥5% hepatic fat fraction, including 39 with RNA-Seq data from liver biopsy.

Main Outcome Measures
Hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis by histopathology and measures of glucose homeostasis.

Results
Hepatic IGF1 mRNA was significantly lower in individuals with higher steatosis and NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) and was inversely related to glucose parameters, independent of circulating IGF-1. Among the IGFBPs, IGFBP2 and IGFBP4 were lower and IGFBP6 and IGFBP7 (also known as IGFBP-related protein 1) were higher with increasing steatosis. Hepatic IGFBP6 and IGFBP7 mRNA levels were positively associated with NAS. IGFBP7 mRNA increased with increasing fibrosis. Hepatic IGFBP1 mRNA was inversely associated with glycemia and insulin resistance, with opposite relationships present for IGFBP3 and IGFBP7. GHRH increased circulating IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3, but decreased IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-6.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate novel relationships of IGF-1 and IGFBPs with NAFLD severity and glucose control, with divergent roles seen for different IGFBPs. Moreover, the data provide new information on the complex effects of GHRH on IGFBPs.
Blood platelet formation at a glance
Authors: Boscher Julie , Guinard Ines , Eckly Anita , Lanza François , Léon Catherine 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The main function of blood platelets is to ensure hemostasis and prevent hemorrhages. The 1011 platelets needed daily are produced in a well-orchestrated process. However, this process is not yet fully understood and in vitro platelet production is still inefficient. Platelets are produced in the bone marrow by megakaryocytes, highly specialized precursor cells that extend cytoplasmic projections called proplatelets (PPTs) through the endothelial barrier of sinusoid vessels. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster we discuss the mechanisms and pathways involved in megakaryopoiesis and platelet formation processes. We especially address the – still underestimated – role of the microenvironment of the bone marrow, and present recent findings on how PPT extension in vivo differs from that in vitro and entails different mechanisms. Finally, we recapitulate old but recently revisited evidence that – although bone marrow does produce megakaryocytes and PPTs – remodeling and the release of bona fide platelets, mainly occur in the downstream microcirculation.
Long-Term Outcomes of Local Excision Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: D’Alimonte Lucrezia , Bao Quoc Riccardo , Spolverato Gaya , Capelli Giulia , Del Bianco Paola , Albertoni Laura , De Paoli Antonino , Guerrieri Mario , Mantello Giovanna , Gambacorta Maria Antonietta , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Valentini Vincenzo , Coco Claudio , Pucciarelli Salvatore 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Local excision might represent an alternative to total mesorectal excision for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who achieve a major or complete clinical response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Methods
Between August 2005 and July 2011, 63 patients with mid-low rectal adenocarcinoma who had a major/complete clinical response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were enrolled in a multicenter prospective phase 2 trial and underwent transanal full thickness local excision. The main endpoint of this study was to evaluate the 5- and 10-year overall, relapse-free, local, and distant relapse-free survival, which were calculated by applying the Kaplan–Meier method. The rate of patients with rectum preserved and without stoma were also calculated.

Results
Of 63 patients, 38 (60%) were male and 25 (40%) were female, with a median (range) age of 64 (25–82) years. At baseline, the following clinical stages were found: cT2, n = 21 (33.3%); cT3, n = 42 (66.6%), 39 (61.9%) patients were cN+. At a median (range) follow-up of 108 (32–166) months, the estimated cumulative 5- and 10-year overall survival, relapse-free survival, local recurrence-free survival, and distant recurrence-free survival were 87% (95% CI 76–93) and 79% (95% CI 66–87), 89% (95% CI 78–94) and 82% (95% CI 66–91), both 91% (95% CI 81–96), and 90% (95% CI 80–95) and 86% (95% CI 73–93), respectively. Overall, 49 (77.8%) patients had their rectum preserved, and 54 (84.1%) were stoma-free.

Conclusion
In highly selected patients, the local excision approach after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is associated with excellent long-term outcomes, high rates of rectum preservation and absence of permanent stoma.
Quantification and correction of the scattered X-rays from a megavoltage photon beam to a linac-mounted kilovoltage imaging subsystem
Authors: Iramina Hiraku , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Miyabe Yuki , Mukumoto Nobutaka , Ono Tomohiro , Hirashima Hideaki , Mizowaki Takashi 
Published: October 2020

Objective: To quantify and correct megavoltage (MV) scattered X-rays (MV-scatter) on an image acquired using a linac-mounted kilovoltage (kV) imaging subsystem. Methods and materials: A linac-mounted flat-panel detector (FPD) was used to acquire an image containing MV-scatter by activating the FPD only during MV beam irradiation. 6-, 10-, and 15 MV with a flattening-filter (FF; 6X-FF, 10X-FF, 15X-FF), and 6- and 10 MV without an FF (6X-FFF, 10X-FFF) were used. The maps were acquired by changing one of the irradiation parameters while the others remained fixed. The mean pixel values of the MV-scatter were normalized to the 6X-FF reference condition (MV-scatter value). An MV-scatter database was constructed using these values. An MV-scatter correction experiment with one full arc image acquisition and two square field sizes (FSs) was conducted. Measurement- and estimation-based corrections were performed using the database. The image contrast was calculated at each angle. Results: The MV-scatter increased with a larger FS and dose rate. The MV-scatter value factor varied substantially depending on the FPD position or collimator rotation. The median relative error ranges of the contrast for the image without, and with the measurement- and estimation-based correction were −10.9 to −2.9, and −1.5 to 4.8 and −7.4 to 2.6, respectively, for an FS of 10.0 × 10.0 cm2. Conclusions: The MV-scatter was strongly dependent on the FS, dose rate, and FPD position. The MV-scatter correction improved the image contrast. Advances in knowledge: The MV-scatters on the TrueBeam linac kV imaging subsystem were quantified with various MV beam parameters, and strongly depended on the fieldsize, dose rate, and flat panel detector position. The MV-scatter correction using the constructed database improved the image quality.
Repeatability and reproducibility of MRI apparent diffusion coefficient applied on four different regions of interest for patients with axial spondyloarthritis and healthy volunteers scanned twice within a week
Authors: Møller Jakob Møllenbach , Østergaard Mikkel , Thomsen Henrik S , Hangaard Stine , Sørensen Inge J , Madsen Ole Rintek , Pedersen Susanne J 
Published: October 2020

Objectives: The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) may be used as a biomarker for diagnosis and/or monitoring treatment response in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), but this requires reliable ADC measurements. This study assessed test–retest repeatability and reproducibility of ADC measurements using four different region of interest (ROI) settings. Methods: In this prospective study, the sacroiliac joints (SIJs) of 25 patients with axSpA and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were imaged twice at a mean interval of 6.8 days in a 1.5 T scanner using, multishot echoplanar diffusion-weighted sequences. ADCs at four ROI settings were assessed: 5 mm and 10 mm anatomic band-shaped, 15 mm linear, and 40 mm2 circular. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) assessments showed that the interstudy repeatability was good for median ADC (ADCmed) and 95th-percentile ADC (ADC95) measurements in patients with axSpA (0.77–0.83 and 0.75–0.83, respectively), but poor-to-moderate in healthy subjects (0.27–0.55 and 0.13–0.37, respectively). For all ROI settings, intrareader reproducibility was excellent for ADCmed-measurements (ICC:0.85–0.99) and moderate-to-excellent for ADC95 measurements (ICC:0.68–0.96). The 5 mm ROI had the least estimated bias and highest level of agreement on Bland–Altman plots. The interreader reproducibility was moderate (ICC:0.71). The 15 mm linear ROI produced significantly greater ADCmed and ADC95 measurements than all other ROI settings (p < 0.01–0.02), except for the circular ROI ADC95 measurements. Conclusion: ROI settings influence ADC measurements. Interstudy repeatability of SIJ ADC measurements is independent of ROI settings. However, the 5 mm ROI showed the least bias and random error and seems preferable. Advances in knowledge: ADC measurements are affected by ROI settings, and this should be taken into account when assessing ADC maps.
Plan quality assessment of modern radiotherapy delivery techniques in left-sided breast cancer: an analysis stratified by target delineation guidelines
Authors: Ahmad Irfan , Chufal Kundan Singh , Bhatt Chandi Prasad , Miller Alexis Andrew , Bajpai Ram , Chhabra Akanksha , Chowdhary Rahul Lal , Pahuja Anjali Kakria , Gairola Munish 
Published: October 2020

Objective: This study compares planning techniques stratified by consensus delineation guidelines in patients undergoing whole-breast radiotherapy based on an objective plan quality assessment scale. Methods: 10 patients with left-sided breast cancer were randomly selected, and target delineation for intact breast was performed using Tangent (RTOG 0413), ESTRO, and RTOG guidelines. Consensus Plan Quality Metric (PQM) scoring was defined and communicated to the physicist before commencing treatment planning. Field-in-field IMRT (FiF), inverse IMRT (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans were created for each delineation. Statistical analyses utilised a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance, after applying a Bonferroni correction. Results: Total PQM score of plans for Tangent and ESTRO were comparable for FiF and IMRT techniques (FiF vs IMRT for Tangent, p = 0.637; FiF vs IMRT for ESTRO, p = 0.304), and were also significantly higher compared to VMAT. Total PQM score of plans for RTOG revealed that IMRT planning achieved a significantly higher score compared to both FiF and VMAT (IMRT vs FiF, p < 0.001; IMRT vs VMAT, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Total PQM scores were equivalent for FiF and IMRT for both Tangent and ESTRO delineations, whereas IMRT was best suited for RTOG delineation. Advances in knowledge: FiF and IMRT planning techniques are best suited for ESTRO or Tangent delineations. IMRT also yields better results with RTOG delineation.
Artificial intelligence in radiology: does it impact medical students preference for radiology as their future career?
Authors: Bin Dahmash Abdulmajeed , Alabdulkareem Mohammed , Alfutais Aljabriyah , Kamel Ahmed M , Alkholaiwi Feras , Alshehri Shaker , Al Zahrani Yousof , Almoaiqel Mohammed 
Published: October 2020

Objective: To test medical students’ perceptions of the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on radiology and the influence of these perceptions on their choice of radiology as a lifetime career. Methods: A cross-sectional multicenter survey of medical students in Saudi Arabia was conducted in April 2019. Results: Of the 476 respondents, 34 considered radiology their first specialty choice, 26 considered it their second choice, and 65 considered it their third choice. Only 31% believed that AI would replace radiologists in their lifetime, while 44.8% believed that AI would minimize the number of radiologists needed in the future. Approximately 50% believed they had a good understanding of AI; however, when knowledge of AI was tested using five questions, on average, only 22% of the questions were answered correctly. Among the respondents who ranked radiology as their first choice, 58.8% were anxious about the uncertain impact of AI on radiology. The number of respondents who ranked radiology as one of their top three choices increased by 14 when AI was not a consideration. Radiology conferences and the opinions of radiologists had the most influence on the respondents’ preferences for radiology. Conclusion: The worry that AI might displace radiologists in the future had a negative influence on medical students’ consideration of radiology as a career. Academic radiologists are encouraged to educate their students about AI and its potential impact when students are considering radiology as a lifetime career choice. Advances in knowledge: Rapid advances of AI in radiology will certainly impact the specialty, the concern of AI impact on radiology had negative influence in our participants and investing in AI education and is highly recommended.
Fatores associados à alteração da taxa de filtração glomerular em praticantes de atividade física em São Luís, MA
Authors: Aguiar Paula Francinette Fernandes , Silveira Victor Nogueira da Cruz , Messias Letícia Cecília de Nazaré Rocha da Luz , Martins Isabelle Christine Vieira da Silva , Reis Andréa Dias , Dos Santos Alexsandro Ferreira , Rocha Amanda Negrão da , Castro Ahirlan Silva de , Veloso Helma Jane Ferreira 
Published: October 2020

Introdução: A doença renal crônica é caracterizada como sendo uma anormalidade da estrutura ou função renal, que se mantêm por 43 meses ou mais, e que apresenta implicações para a saúde e, tradicionalmente, a taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) é considerada como o melhor marcador de função renal. Objetivou-se avaliar os fatores associados a alterações na TFG em praticantes de atividade física de São Luís, Maranhão. Método: Estudo transversal com amostra de 84 indivíduos praticantes de atividade física. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, bioquímicos, de consumo alimentar e antropométricos. A análise estatística contemplou o teste de Shapiro Wilk para verificação da normalidade e, confirmada a normalidade, foi utilizado o teste t de Student para avaliar a diferença entre as variáveis explanatórias com o desfecho (redução da função renal, ou seja: TGF reduzida < 60 ml/min, calculada pela equação de CKD-EPI). A significância estatística foi estabelecida em p < 0,05. Resultados: A TFG reduzida (< 60 ml/min) foi observada em 2,4% dos indivíduos e sua média foi de 89,5 ± 19 ml/min/1,73m2. Associaram-se ao desfecho: idade (32,4 ± 9,4 anos); o sexo feminino (53,6%) e o consumo de proteína. Conclusão: A média de TFG encontrada foi elevada e a maioria dos indivíduos avaliados estavam com valores dentro da normalidade.
Online matters: Future visions of digital making and materiality in hobby crafting
Authors: Kouhia Anna 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Over the past twenty years, hobby crafting has experienced a revival of interest, as people have started to seek new ways to engage with crafts as creative leisure in an increasingly digital world. Along the way, emerging, digital technologies have provided new tools and ways to engage in hobby crafting. Indeed, today’s hobby crafts are frequently concerned with material mediated via the internet and accomplished with the aid of software, which also affects our understanding of maker identities in online communities. This article argues that digitalization has not only revolutionized hobbyist craft making with new tools and technologies, but has also paved new ways for practising creative skills, which has had a significant impact on makers’ engagements with craft materials, objects and communities of practices. This is demonstrated through netnographic explorations on Facebook’s leisure craft community where digital material practices are increasingly prevalent in hobbyists’ everyday life. As a conclusion, the article speculates on visions of the future of hobby crafts and its relevance as a leisure pursuit.
Crafts: Today’s Anthology for Tomorrow’s Crafts, Fabien Petiot And Chloé Braunstein Kriegel (eds) (trans. Eileen Powis, Gammon Sharpley, Fabien Petiot, Chloé Braunstein Kriegel And Francoise Jollant Kneebone) (2018)
Authors: Jefferies Janis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Crafts: Today’s Anthology for Tomorrow’s Crafts, Fabien Petiot And Chloé Braunstein Kriegel (eds) (trans. Eileen Powis, Gammon Sharpley, Fabien Petiot, Chloé Braunstein Kriegel And Francoise Jollant Kneebone) (2018)
Paris: Editions Norma, 434 pp., ISBN 978-2-37666-007-1, h/bk, £57.40