bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of hydrodynamic molecular nanoliquid flow with heat and mass transmission between two spinning parallel plates
Authors: Shuaib Muhammad , Bilal Muhammad , Qaisar Salman 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The current article illustrates a three dimensional hydrodynamics nanoliquid flow between two parallel rotating plates. The ambition of the study is to inquire the combined effects of electric and magnetic field on nanoliquid flow with mass and heat transfer characteristics. The base fluid of water is synthesized with copper oxide CuO nanoparticles. The subsequent arrangement of flow model is reduced to a dimensionless set of equations through similarity approach. For the numerical solution, the transformed equations are further tackled with the MATLAB package boundary value solver (bvp4c). To ensure the accuracy, the outcomes are also simulated by Runge Kutta fourth order method. The nature of velocity, heat, and mass transfer rate versus Reynolds number, electrical parameter, molecular diffusion, magnetic parameter and rotation parameter are sketched and discussed. The growing credit of Dufour and Soret number effectively enhances the mass transfer rate, because due to molecular diffusion, the net flux of molecules from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration increases, as a result mass transfer ratio enhances. It has been concluded that CuO nanoparticles positively effects the molecular energy transmission and can be used for cooling purposes.
Charged anisotropic compact objects obeying Karmarkar condition
Authors: Gómez-Leyton Y , Javaid Hina , Rocha L S , Tello-Ortiz Francisco 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This research develops a well–established analytical solution of the Einstein-Maxwell field equations. We analyze the behavior of a spherically symmetric and static interior driven by a charged anisotropic matter distribution. The class I methodology is used to close the system of equations and a suitable relation between the anisotropy factor and the electric field is imposed. The inner geometry of this toy model is described using an ansatz for the radial metric potential corresponding to the well–known isotropic Buchdahl space-time. The main properties are explored in order to determine if the obtained model is appropriate to represent a real compact body such as neutron or quark star. We have fixed the mass and radii using the data of the compact objects SMC X–1 and LMC X–4. It was found that the electric field and electric charge have magnitudes of the order of ∼1021 [V/cm] and ∼1020 [C], respectively. The magnitude of the electric field and electric charge depends on the dimensionless parameter χ. To observe these effects on the total mass, mass–radius ratio and surface gravitational red–shift, we computed numerical data for different values of χ.
Dependences of ultrasonic modulation of coherent light on optical frequency shift and phase modulation
Authors: Weng Cuncheng , He Youwu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In ultrasound-modulated optical tomography, the incident light is frequency-shifted and phase-modulated simultaneously by ultrasound. Both the optical frequency shift and phase modulation can cause ultrasonic modulation of coherent light. However, the two types of ultrasonic modulation have not been obtained separately so far. In this paper, the two types of ultrasonic modulation are obtained separately by Raman–Nath diffraction, and analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The dependences of ultrasonic modulation on the optical frequency shift and phase modulation are therefore revealed. The intensity of ultrasound-modulated light based on the optical frequency shift varies periodically with the ultrasonic frequency. Additionally, the intensity of ultrasound-modulated light based on the optical phase modulation varies periodically at twice the ultrasonic frequency. At last, the maximum modulation depths based on the optical frequency shift and phase modulation are 0.5 and 1.67, respectively.
Strong cosmic censorship for a scalar field in an Einstein-Maxwell-Gauss-Bonnet-de Sitter black hole *
Authors: Gan Qingyu , Wang Peng , Wu Houwen , Yang Haitang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It has been shown that the Christodoulou version of the strong cosmic censorship (SCC) conjecture can be violated for a scalar field in a near-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black hole. In this paper, we investigate the effects of higher derivative corrections to the Einstein-Hilbert action on the validity of SCC, by considering a neutral massless scalar perturbation in

- and

-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-Gauss-Bonnet-de Sitter black holes. Our numerical results show that the higher derivative term plays a different role in the

case than it does in the

case. For

, the SCC violation region increases as the strength of the higher derivative term increases. For

, the SCC violation region first increases and then decreases as the higher derivative correction becomes stronger, and SCC can always be restored for a black hole with a fixed charge ratio when the higher derivative correction is strong enough. Finally, we find that the

version of SCC is respected in the

case, but can be violated in some near-extremal regimes in the

case.
Index of a matrix, complex logarithms, and multidimensional Fresnel integrals
Authors: Vivo Pierpaolo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We critically discuss the problem of finding the λ-index

N

(

λ

)

∈

[

0
,
1
,
…
,
N

]

of a real symmetric matrix
M
, defined as the number of eigenvalues smaller than λ, using the entries of
M
as only input. We show that a widely used formula

N

(

λ

)

=

lim

ε
→

0

+

1

2
π
i

log

d
e
t

(

M
−
λ
+
i
ε

)

−
log

d
e
t

(

M
−
λ
−
i
ε

)

based on the branch-cut structure of the complex logarithm should be handled with care, as it generically fails to produce the correct result if the same branch is chosen for the two logarithms. We improve the formula using multidimensional Fresnel integrals, showing that even the new version provides at most a self-consistency equation for

N

(

λ

)

, whose solution is not guaranteed to be unique. Our results are corroborated by explicit examples and numerical evaluations.
Emotion recognition using speckle pattern analysis and k-nearest neighbors classification
Authors: Lupa Yitzhak Hadas , Tzabari Kelman Yarden , Moskovenko Alexey , Zhovnerchuk Evgenii , Zalevsky Zeev 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Emotion recognition is a basic communication tool in our daily interaction, and the recognition of emotions without contact and with high sensitivity may be very useful for various purposes. This paper presents a preliminary experimental investigation in which emotions of healthy subjects were recognized while they performed facial gestures related to those different emotions. Their faces were illuminated with a few laser spots and the formed back-scattered speckle patterns were analyzed with a camera having proper optics. By analyzing the temporal variation in the spatial distribution of those speckle patterns we estimated the muscles’ contraction–release motion in specific locations. The used data amount for the estimation procedure was less than 1% of the face frame so as to maintain the subjects’ privacy. Moreover, the presented optic method enables the detection of minor movements that cannot be recognized by the naked eye or conventional visual processing. After applying the machine learning k-nearest neighbors algorithm, we succeeded in reaching 89% accuracy in the recognition of emotions for the combination of two classification steps: subject recognition among the participants, and then emotion recognition among three optional emotions: happiness, sadness and neutral expression.
Machine learning-based integrative analysis of methylome and transcriptome identifies novel prognostic DNA methylation signature in uveal melanoma
Authors: Hou Ping , Bao Siqi , Fan Dandan , Yan Congcong , Su Jianzhong , Qu Jia , Zhou Meng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common primary intraocular human malignancy with a high mortality rate. Aberrant DNA methylation has rapidly emerged as a diagnostic and prognostic signature in many cancers. However, such DNA methylation signature available in UVM remains limited. In this study, we performed a genome-wide integrative analysis of methylome and transcriptome and identified 40 methylation-driven prognostic genes (MDPGs) associated with the tumorigenesis and progression of UVM. Then, we proposed a machine-learning-based discovery and validation strategy to identify a DNA methylation-driven signature (10MeSig) composing of 10 MDPGs (AZGP1, BAI1, CCDC74A, FUT3, PLCD1, S100A4, SCN8A, SEMA3B, SLC25A38 and SLC44A3), which stratified 80 patients of the discovery cohort into two risk subtypes with significantly different overall survival (HR = 29, 95% CI: 6.7–126, P &lt; 0.001). The 10MeSig was validated subsequently in an independent cohort with 57 patients and yielded a similar prognostic value (HR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2–3.7, P = 0.006). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the 10MeSig is an independent predictive factor for the survival of patients with UVM. With a prospective validation study, this 10MeSig will improve clinical decisions and provide new insights into the pathogenesis of UVM.
The Biological Deserts Fallacy: Cities in Their Landscapes Contribute More than We Think to Regional Biodiversity
Authors: Spotswood Erica N , Beller Erin E , Grossinger Robin , Grenier J Letitia , Heller Nicole E , Aronson Myla F J 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTCities are both embedded within and ecologically linked to their surrounding landscapes. Although urbanization poses a substantial threat to biodiversity, cities also support many species, some of which have larger populations, faster growth rates, and higher productivity in cities than outside of them. Despite this fact, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the potentially beneficial links between cities and their surroundings. We identify five pathways by which cities can benefit regional ecosystems by releasing species from threats in the larger landscape, increasing regional habitat heterogeneity and genetic diversity, acting as migratory stopovers, preadapting species to climate change, and enhancing public engagement and environmental stewardship. Increasing recognition of these pathways could help cities identify effective strategies for supporting regional biodiversity conservation and could provide a science-based platform for incorporating biodiversity alongside other urban greening goals.
High Throughput Semiquantitative UHPSFC–MS/MS Lipid Profiling and Lipid Class Determination
Authors: Bartosova Zdenka , Gonzalez Susana Villa , Voigt André , Bruheim Per 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
High throughput and high-resolution lipid analyses are important for many biological model systems and research questions. This comprises both monitoring at the individual lipid species level and broad lipid classes. Here, we present a nontarget semiquantitative lipidomics workflow based on ultrahigh performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC)-mass spectrometry (MS). The optimized chromatographic conditions enable the base-line separation of both nonpolar and polar classes in a single 7-minute run. Ionization efficiencies of lipid classes vary 10folds in magnitude and great care must be taken in a direct interpretation of raw data. Therefore, the inclusion of internal standards or experimentally determined Response factors (RF) are highly recommended for the conversion of raw abundances into (semi) quantitative data. We have deliberately developed an algorithm for automatic semiquantification of lipid classes by RF. The workflow was tested and validated using a bovine liver extract with satisfactory results. The RF corrected data provide a more representative relative lipid class determination, but also the interpretation of individual lipid species should be performed on RF corrected data. In addition, semiquantification can be improved by using internal or also external standards when more accurate quantitative data are of interest but this requires validation for all new sample types. The workflow established greatly extends the potential of nontarget UHPSFC–MS/MS based analysis.
Estimated Incidence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Illness and Hospitalization—United States, February–September 2020
Authors: Reese Heather , Iuliano A Danielle , Patel Neha N , Garg Shikha , Kim Lindsay , Silk Benjamin J , Hall Aron J , Fry Alicia , Reed Carrie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the United States, laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is nationally notifiable. However, reported case counts are recognized to be less than the true number of cases because detection and reporting are incomplete and can vary by disease severity, geography, and over time.MethodsTo estimate the cumulative incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, symptomatic illnesses, and hospitalizations, we adapted a simple probabilistic multiplier model. Laboratory-confirmed case counts that were reported nationally were adjusted for sources of underdetection based on testing practices in inpatient and outpatient settings and assay sensitivity.ResultsWe estimated that through the end of September, 1 of every 2.5 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 2.0–3.1) hospitalized infections and 1 of every 7.1 (95% UI: 5.8–9.0) nonhospitalized illnesses may have been nationally reported. Applying these multipliers to reported SARS-CoV-2 cases along with data on the prevalence of asymptomatic infection from published systematic reviews, we estimate that 2.4 million hospitalizations, 44.8 million symptomatic illnesses, and 52.9 million total infections may have occurred in the US population from 27 February–30 September 2020.ConclusionsThese preliminary estimates help demonstrate the societal and healthcare burdens of the COVID-19 pandemic and can help inform resource allocation and mitigation planning.
A critical discussion of inclusive approaches to sexualities in ELT
Authors: Bollas Angelos 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this article is to challenge heteronormative as well as homonormative practices in English language teaching. In doing so, the paper demonstrates that both complete absence of LGBTQI+ references in ELT materials, as well as recent attempts to provide more inclusive approaches to materials design and classroom practices, can be problematic for L2 learners irrespective of their sexuality. The paper traces current developments in ELT materials design with regards to inclusive classroom practices and argues that attempts towards exclusivity may reflect (hetero/homo)normative views, and can therefore perpetuate a culture—learning and otherwise—of discrimination and social exclusion. It concludes by identifying the need for an alternative approach—one that does not focus on inclusion but on diversity.
The bright side of social cheaters: potential beneficial roles of “social cheaters” in microbial communities
Authors: García-Contreras Rodolfo , Loarca Daniel 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTCooperation in microbial communities via production of public goods is susceptible to social cheating, since selfish individuals that do not contribute to their synthesis but benefit from their production thrive in the presence of cooperators. This behavior has been observed in the laboratory using bacterial and yeast models. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that cheating is frequent in natural microbial communities. In the laboratory, social cheating can promote population collapse or “tragedy of the commons” when excessive. Nevertheless, there are diverse mechanisms that counteract cheating in microbes, as well as theoretical and experimental evidence that suggests possible beneficial roles of social cheaters for the microbial populations. In this mini review manuscript we compile and discuss such possible roles.
Costs of open, arthroscopic and combined surgery for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Hassebrock Jeffrey D , Wyles Cody C , Hevesi Mario , Maradit-Kremers Hilal , Christensen Austin L , Levey Bruce A , Trousdale Robert T , Sierra Rafael J , Bingham Joshua S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A variety of options exist for management of patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Most studies to date have focused on clinical outcomes; however, there are currently no data on comparative cost of these techniques. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in-hospital costs between patients managed with periacetabular osteotomy, hip arthroscopy or a combination for DDH. One hundred and nine patients were included: 35 PAO + HA, 32 PAO and 42 HA. There were no significant differences in the demographic parameters. Operative times were significantly different between groups with a mean of 52 min for PAO, 100 min for HA and 155 min for PAO + HA, (P &lt; 0.001). Total direct medical costs were calculated and adjusted to nationally representative unit costs in 2017 inflation-adjusted dollars. Total in-hospital costs were significantly different between each of the three treatment groups. PAO + HA was the most expensive with a median of $21 852, followed by PAO with a median of $15 124, followed by HA with a median of $11 582 (P &lt; 0.001). There was a significant difference between outpatient median costs of $11 385 compared with $24 320 for inpatients (P &lt; 0.001). Procedures with greater complexity were more expensive. However, a change from outpatient to inpatient status with HA moved that group from the least expensive to similar to PAO and PAO + HA. These data provide an important complement to clinical outcomes reports as surgeons and policymakers aim to provide optimal value.
Successful emergency evacuation from a hospital within a 5-km radius of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant: the importance of cooperation with an external body
Authors: Sawano Toyoaki , Shigetomi Shuichi , Ozaki Akihiko , Nishikawa Yoshitaka , Hori Arinobu , Oikawa Tomoyoshi , Maeda Masaharu , Tsubokura Masaharu 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Emergency evacuation during a disaster may have serious health implications in vulnerable populations. After the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) in March 2011, the Japanese central government immediately issued an evacuation order for residents living near the plant. There is limited information on the process of evacuation from medical institutions within the evacuation zone and the challenges faced. This study collected and analyzed publicly available resources related to the Futaba Kosei Hospital, located 3.9 km northwest of the FDNPP, and reviewed the hospital’s evacuation procedures. On the day of the accident at the FDNPP, 136 patients were admitted in the aforementioned hospital. The hospital’s director received information about the situation at the FDNPP from the local disaster task force and requested the immediate evacuation of all patients. Consequently, four patients, including those with an end-stage condition, died during the evacuation. Early intervention by external organizations, such as the Japan Self-Defense Forces, helped the hospital to complete the evacuation without facing major issues. However, despite such an efficient evacuation, the death of four patients suggests that a significant burden is placed on vulnerable people during emergency hospital evacuations. Those with compromised health experience a heavy burden during a nuclear disaster. It is necessary for hospitals located close to a nuclear power plant to develop a more detailed evacuation plan by determining the methods of communication with external organizations that could provide support during evacuation to minimize the burden on vulnerable patients.
EUV irradiation of exoplanet atmospheres occurs on Gyr time-scales
Authors: King George W , Wheatley Peter J 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Exoplanet atmospheres are known to be vulnerable to mass-loss through irradiation by stellar X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) emission. We investigate how this high-energy irradiation varies with time by combining an empirical relation describing stellar X-ray emission with a second relation describing the ratio of solar X-ray to EUV emission. In contrast to assumptions commonly made when modelling atmospheric escape, we find that the decline in stellar EUV emission is much slower than in X-rays, and that the total EUV irradiation of planetary atmospheres is dominated by emission after the saturated phase of high-energy emission (which lasts around 100 Myr after the formation of the star). The EUV spectrum also becomes much softer during this slow decline. Furthermore, we find that the total combined X-ray and EUV emission of stars occurs mostly after the saturated phase. Our results suggest that models of atmospheric escape that focus on the saturated phase of high-energy emission are oversimplified, and when considering the evolution of planetary atmospheres it is necessary to follow EUV-driven escape on Gyr time-scales. This may make it more difficult to use stellar age to separate the effects of photoevaporation and core-powered mass-loss when considering the origin of the planet radius valley.
Odorant Receptors for Detecting Flowering Plant Cues Are Functionally Conserved across Moths and Butterflies
Authors: Guo Mengbo , Du Lixiao , Chen Qiuyan , Feng Yilu , Zhang Jin , Zhang Xiaxuan , Tian Ke , Cao Song , Huang Tianyu , Jacquin-Joly Emmanuelle , Wang Guirong , Liu Yang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOdorant receptors (ORs) are essential for plant–insect interactions. However, despite the global impacts of Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) as major herbivores and pollinators, little functional data are available about Lepidoptera ORs involved in plant-volatile detection. Here, we initially characterized the plant-volatile-sensing function(s) of 44 ORs from the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera, and subsequently conducted a large-scale comparative analysis that establishes how most orthologous ORs have functionally diverged among closely related species whereas some rare ORs are functionally conserved. Specifically, our systematic analysis of H. armigera ORs cataloged the wide functional scope of the H. armigera OR repertoire, and also showed that HarmOR42 and its Spodoptera littoralis ortholog are functionally conserved. Pursuing this, we characterized the HarmOR42-orthologous ORs from 11 species across the Glossata suborder and confirmed the HarmOR42 orthologs form a unique OR lineage that has undergone strong purifying selection in Glossata species and whose members are tuned with strong specificity to phenylacetaldehyde, a floral scent component common to most angiosperms. In vivo studies via HarmOR42 knockout support that HarmOR42-related ORs are essential for host-detection by sensing phenylacetaldehyde. Our work also supports that these ORs coevolved with the tube-like proboscis, and has maintained functional stability throughout the long-term coexistence of Lepidoptera with angiosperms. Thus, beyond providing a rich empirical resource for delineating the precise functions of H. armigera ORs, our results enable a comparative analysis of insect ORs that have apparently facilitated and currently sustain the intimate adaptations and ecological interactions among nectar feeding insects and flowering plants.