bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative and disorganized symptoms mediate the relationship between verbal learning and global functioning in adolescents with early-onset psychosis
Authors: Smelror Runar Elle , Rund Bjørn Rishovd , Lonning Vera , Jørgensen Kjetil Nordbø , Wedervang-Resell Kirsten , Andreassen Ole A. , Ueland Torill , Myhre Anne M. , Agartz Ingrid 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNeurocognitive deficits are associated with impaired global functioning and psychotic symptoms. However, whether symptoms can mediate the relationship between neurocognition and global functioning in adolescent psychosis is unclear. Here, we investigated if symptoms assessed with the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), mediated the relationship between neurocognitive performance and global functioning in adolescents with non-affective early-onset psychotic disorders (EOP). Sixty-one adolescent EOP patients (age 12–18 years) from 2 Norwegian clinical cohorts were included. Linear regression models were applied to investigate associations between neurocognitive domains from the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and global functioning. PANSS symptoms were analyzed using the Wallwork/Fortgang five-factor model. Using the INDIRECT macro for SPSS, mediation effects were tested using bootstrapping with 95% bias corrected confidence intervals. Verbal learning was positively associated with global functioning (P < 0.001) and negatively associated with the disorganized symptom factor (P = 0.002), controlling for age, sex and cohort. Testing of indirect effects, controlling for age, sex and cohort, showed that the Negative (point estimate = 1.56, 95% CI 0.22, 3.47) and Disorganized (point estimate = 1.24, 95% CI 0.05, 3.69) symptom factors significantly mediated the relationship between verbal learning and global functioning. We found that verbal learning, negative and disorganized symptoms influenced global functioning in adolescents with EOP, while reality-distorted positive symptoms did not. These results suggest that assessing these domains in EOP is helpful for planning treatment and rehabilitation programs focusing on functional outcome.
Analysing trade-offs in adaptation decision-making—agricultural management under climate change in Finland and Sweden
Authors: Wiréhn Lotten , Käyhkö Janina , Neset Tina-Simone , Juhola Sirkku 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn light of the increased focus on climate change adaptation, there is a need to understand when and how adaptation decision-making generates trade-offs. This study presents a novel framework for adaptation trade-off assessments, which integrates (I) two trade-off mechanisms (direct and interactions) and (II) two types of trade-off characteristics (substantive and processual). Perspectives on adaptation trade-offs were collected from 37 Swedish and Finnish agricultural experts through semi-structured interviews supported by serious gaming and visualization. The data were thematically analysed based on the provided analytical framework. The results show that trade-offs in agricultural adaptation decision-making processes involve balancing a number of socio-ecological system aspects that are of different character and have different functions. The study identified 20 aspects generating trade-offs related to adaptation management in Swedish and Finnish agriculture, among which ‘crop yield and profitability’, ‘farm economy’, ‘pest and weed robustness’ and ‘soil quality’ were discussed as the most prominent by respondents. The framework enables an examination of complex trade-off structures that can have implications for adaptation management decisions. The results show that the identified aspects constitute different components and functions of trade-offs, including both processual and/or substantive ones. In conclusion, the 20 identified aspects and the framework together demonstrate the importance of the two types of adaptation trade-offs and the resulting complexity of climate change adaptation decision-making in Swedish and Finnish agriculture. Furthermore, the study asserts the potential of applying the framework for various strategic contexts—to recognize and cope with trade-offs in adaptation management.
Stratified periodic water waves with singular density gradients
Authors: Escher Joachim , Knopf Patrik , Lienstromberg Christina , Matioc Bogdan-Vasile 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe consider Euler’s equations for free surface waves traveling on a body of density stratified water in the scenario when gravity and surface tension act as restoring forces. The flow is continuously stratified, and the water layer is bounded from below by an impermeable horizontal bed. For this problem we establish three equivalent classical formulations in a suitable setting of strong solutions which may describe nevertheless waves with singular density gradients. Based upon this equivalence we then construct two-dimensional symmetric periodic traveling waves that are monotone between each crest and trough. Our analysis uses, to a large extent, the availability of a weak formulation of the water wave problem, the regularity properties of the corresponding weak solutions, and methods from nonlinear functional analysis.
Cardiovascular MRI evidence of reduced systolic function and reduced LV mass in rheumatoid arthritis: impact of disease phenotype
Authors: Bissell L. A. , Erhayiem B. , Hensor E. M. A. , Fent G. , Burska A. , McDiarmid A. K. , Swoboda P. P. , Donica H. , Plein S. , Buch M. H. , Greenwood J. P. , Andrews J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe accelerated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) requires further study of the underlying pathophysiology and determination of the at-risk RA phenotype. Our objectives were to describe the cardiac structure and function and arterial stiffness, and association with disease phenotype in patients with established) RA, in comparison to healthy controls, as measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). 76 patients with established RA and no history of CVD/diabetes mellitus were assessed for RA and cardiovascular profile and underwent a non-contrast 3T-CMR, and compared to 26 healthy controls. A univariable analysis and multivariable linear regression model determined associations between baseline variables and CMR-measures. Ten-year cardiovascular risk scores were increased in RA compared with controls. Adjusting for age, sex and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, patients with RA had reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (mean difference − 2.86% (− 5.17, − 0.55) p = 0.016), reduced absolute values of mid systolic strain rate (p < 0.001) and lower late/active diastolic strain rate (p < 0.001) compared to controls. There was evidence of reduced LV mass index (LVMI) (− 4.56 g/m2 (− 8.92, − 0.20), p = 0.041). CMR-measures predominantly associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors; male sex and systolic blood pressure independently with increasing LVMI. Patients with established RA and no history of CVD have evidence of reduced LV systolic function and LVMI after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors; the latter suggesting cardiac pathology other than atherosclerosis in RA. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, rather than RA disease phenotype, appear to be key determinants of subclinical CVD in RA potentially warranting more effective cardiovascular risk reduction programs.
Verified Analysis of Random Binary Tree Structures
Authors: Eberl Manuel , Haslbeck Max W. , Nipkow Tobias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis work is a case study of the formal verification and complexity analysis of some famous probabilistic algorithms and data structures in the proof assistant Isabelle/HOL. In particular, we consider the expected number of comparisons in randomised quicksort, the relationship between randomised quicksort and average-case deterministic quicksort, the expected shape of an unbalanced random Binary Search Tree, the randomised binary search trees described by Martínez and Roura, and the expected shape of a randomised treap. The last three have, to our knowledge, not been analysed using a theorem prover before and the last one is of particular interest because it involves continuous distributions.
The imperial roots of global trade
Authors: Gokmen Gunes , Vermeulen Wessel N. , Vézina Pierre-Louis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThroughout history empires facilitated trade within their territories by building and securing trade and migration routes, and by imposing common norms, languages, religions, and legal systems, all of which led to the accumulation ofimperial capital. In this paper, we collect novel data on the rise and fall of empires over the last 5000 years, construct a measure of accumulatedimperial capitalbetween countries, and estimate its relationship with trade patterns today. Our measure ofimperial capitalhas a positive and significant effect on trade beyond potential historical legacies such as sharing a language, a religion, a legal system, or links via natural trade and invasion routes. This suggests a persistent and previously unexplored influence of long-gone empires on current trade.
Integrated dispersive structures for bandwidth-enhancement of silicon grating couplers
Authors: Klenk Rouven H. , Schweikert Christian , Hoppe Niklas , Nagy Lotte , Elster Raik , Vogel Wolfgang , Berroth Manfred 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn photonic integrated circuits grating couplers are commonly used to establish an efficient and stable fiber-to-chip link. However, the actual coupling efficiency of a fiber-to-chip interface depends strongly on the used wavelength and exhibits a maximum at a distinct target wavelength, determined by grating design parameters. In this paper, an enhancement of the optical bandwidth of silicon grating couplers by adding integrated dispersive structures is discussed. These are realized by single layers, prism-like geometries and additional silicon nitride gratings. Theoretical considerations for a bandwidth-enhancement by dispersive layers are performed and applied to an existing grating coupler design. A simulated 1dB-bandwidth of up to 90 nm at a maximum efficiency of − 0.65 dB in the C-band could be achieved, which is an enhancement to a factor of about 2 compared with the original coupler design.
Aiding culturally responsive assessment in schools in a globalising world
Authors: Nortvedt Guri A. , Wiese Eline , Brown Martin , Burns Denise , McNamara Gerry , O’Hara Joe , Altrichter Herbert , Fellner Magdalena , Herzog-Punzenberger Barbara , Nayir Funda , Taneri Pervin Oya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAcross the world, teachers’ classroom assessment tasks and responsibilities are becoming more diverse due to increased migration. In this review, we address how migrant students are affected by assessment, both summative and formative, at the classroom level, with a focus on culturally responsive assessment (CRA). Previous research has shown that CRA practices mainly occur in student-centred classrooms. Furthermore, both student and teacher beliefs about teaching and learning might negatively affect migrant students’ opportunities to engage in assessment situations. Teaching and assessment practices should be negotiated and aligned with and included in classroom norms to be culturally responsive. We propose that what is generally considered a valid and reliable assessment practice might need to be adjusted to account for students’ cultural ways of knowing and participating and how this is expressed and communicated within the classroom.
Resolving Rabin’s paradox
Authors: Bleichrodt Han , Doctor Jason N. , Gao Yu , Li Chen , Meeker Daniella , Wakker Peter P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present a theoretical model of Rabin’s famous calibration paradox that resolves confusions in the literature and that makes it possible to identify the causes of the paradox. Using suitable experimental stimuli, we show that the paradox truly violates expected utility and that it is caused by reference dependence. Rabin already showed that utility curvature alone cannot explain his paradox. We, more strongly, do not find any contribution of utility curvature to the explanation of the paradox. We find no contribution of probability weighting either. We conclude that Rabin’s paradox underscores the importance of reference dependence.
The Porosity and Permeability of Binary Grain Mixtures
Authors: Glover Paul W. J. , Luo Miao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe processes that control binary mixing of two sizes of grains have been investigated theoretically and validated by comparison with experimental data. These seemingly simple experiments are difficult to carry out with the degree of precision needed to test the models. We have developed a methodology allowing porosity and permeability to be measured to within ± 4.415% and ± 4.989% (at a flow rate of 5.13 cm3/s) of each value, respectively. Theoretical considerations recognise mixing processes: (1) an interstitiation process whereby small grains fit between larger grains and (2) a replacement process whereby large grains replace smaller grains and the porosity associated with them. A major result of this work is that the theoretical models describing these two processes are independent of grain size and grain shape. The latter of these two findings infers that the models developed in this work are applicable to any shape of grain or type of packing, providing that a representative porosity of each size of grain pack is known independently, either experimentally or theoretically. Experimental validation has shown that the newly developed relationships for porosity described measurements of porosity for near-ideal binary mixtures extremely well, confirming that porosity is always reduced by binary mixing, and that the degree of reduction depends upon the size of the ratio between the two grain sizes. Calculation of permeability from the packing model has also been done. Six different permeability estimation methods have been used. It was found that the most accurate representations of the experimental permeability were obtained (1) when the exact RGPZ (Revil, Glover, Pezard, Zamora) method was used with the porosity mixing models developed in this work and (2) when the exact RGPZ method was used with the weighted geometric mean to calculate a representative grain size.
Combined use of companion planting and PGPR for the assisted phytoextraction of trace metals (Zn, Pb, Cd)
Authors: Konkolewska Agnieszka , Piechalak Aneta , Ciszewska Liliana , Antos-Krzemińska Nina , Skrzypczak Tomasz , Hanć Anetta , Sitko Krzysztof , Małkowski Eugeniusz , Barałkiewicz Danuta , Małecka Arleta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBiomass production and metal accumulation in plant tissue (bioconcentration) are two critical factors limiting the phytoextraction rate. Metal translocation to aboveground organs should be accounted for as the third most important factor, as harvesting of the plant roots is usually economically disadvantageous. These three parameters could be potentially increased with the use of companion planting, a well-known agricultural technique, and inoculation with plant growth–promoting bacteria (PGPB). The aim of the study was to determine whether intercropping and inoculation with endophytic PGPB (Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJNT) can increase the efficiency of phytoextraction of Zn, Pb, and Cd. The study was conducted on Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. “Małopolska” grown in a monoculture or co-planted with Zea mays L. “Codimon” and Medicago sativa L. “Sanditi.” Results show that companion planting and inoculation with rhizobacteria can increase the efficiency of metal phytoextraction, mainly by increasing the yield of dry biomass and the survival rate of plants grown on contaminated soil. We have shown that the simultaneous planting of B. juncea with M. sativa and inoculation with PGPB were the most efficient variants of assisted phytoextraction reaching a recovery of 95% Zn, 90% Cd, and on average about 160% Pb compared with control B. juncea plants grown in monoculture.
Mac Lane’s Comparison Theorem for the Kleisli Construction Formalized in Coq
Authors: Ekici Burak , Kaliszyk Cezary 
Published: February 2020

Abstract(co)Monads are used to encapsulate impure operations of a computation. A (co)monad is determined by an adjunction and further determines a specific type of adjunction called the (co)Kleisli adjunction. Mac Lane introduced the comparison theorem which allows comparing these adjunctions bridged by a (co)monad through a unique comparison functor. In this paper we specify the foundations of category theory in Coq and show that the chosen representations are useful by certifying Mac Lane’s comparison theorem and its basic consequences. We also show that the foundations we use are equivalent to the foundations by Timany. The formalization makes use of Coq classes to implement categorical objects and the axiomuniqueness of identity proofsto close the gap between the contextual equality of objects in a categorical setting and the judgmental Leibniz equality of Coq. The theorem is used by Duval and Jacobs in their categorical settings to interpret the state effect in impure programming languages.
Relations between play skills and mathematical skills in toddlers
Authors: Reikerås Elin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlay is central to children’s learning and development in the early years, including the learning of mathematics. The aim of the present study was to explore how play skills are related to mathematical skills in toddlers by examining the correlations between different kinds of play skills and mathematical skills, and how level of play skills is related to mathematical skills. The participants were 1088 toddlers in Norwegian Early Childhood and Care institutions who were observed by the staff in 3-month periods beginning when they were 2½ years old. The skills in mathematics and play were assessed by structured observation. The overall scores for play skills and the scores for all types of play skills correlated significantly with the scores for all mathematical areas and the total score for mathematics. The skills Interaction in Play and Independence in Play displayed the strongest correlations with mathematical skills. Rule-based Play was difficult for the toddlers, whereas Pretend Play and Exploring and Construction Play correlated with mathematical skills and may be types of play that are more suitable when introducing mathematics in toddler groups. When the group of toddlers was divided into three subgroups according to their level of play skills, the level of play skills was strongly related to the level of mathematical skills. Toddlers with weak, middle or strong play skills also exhibited corresponding low, medium or high levels of mathematics skills, which emphasises the importance of understanding the relations between play and mathematical learning when working with toddlers.
A modular approach to cataloguing marine science data
Authors: Leadbetter Adam , Meaney Will , Tray Elizabeth , Conway Andrew , Flynn Sarah , Keena Tara , Kelly Caoimhín , Thomas Rob 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ability to access and search metadata for marine science data is both a key requirement for answering fundamental principles of data management (making data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) and also in meeting domain-specific, community defined standards and legislative requirements placed on data publishers. This paper describes a modular data model to answer the functional requirements developed from these drivers and illustrates how this data model can be operationalised. The ability of this solution to meet the FAIR principles is then assessed.
Towards successful innovations in education: Development and validation of a multi-dimensional Innovative Work Behaviour Instrument
Authors: Lambriex-Schmitz Peggy , Van der Klink Marcel R. , Beausaert Simon , Bijker Monique , Segers Mien 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOur study aims to develop and validate a multidimensional Innovative Work Behaviour instrument to measure teachers IWB. Current IWB conceptualizations and operationalizations need further attention. Existing measurements miss empirical evidence of the construct validity and moreover do not include a sustainability dimension. Based on a thorough and comprehensive conceptualization of IWB, we first adapted and extended the items of previously used instruments and developed items for a sustainability dimension. Second, we tested the construct validity of this newly developed multi-dimensional IWB instrument in a Dutch context, using Rasch techniques and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The psychometric characteristics were examined in a sample of teachers working in vocational education (N = 440). The results revealed five dimensions of IWB, namely Opportunity Exploration, Idea Generation, Idea Promotion, Idea Realization (differentiated in two sub-dimensions: Criterion-based implementation and learning-based communication) and Idea sustainability (differentiated in two sub-dimensions: External dissemination and internal embedding). The dimensions were reliably measured (α .84- .94) using 44 items. This new instrument, which builds on recent conceptualizations of IWB as well as on the pivotal innovation models of West and Farr (1989) and Fullan (2007), offers for an international group of researchers a conceptually sound and valid tool to validate explanatory models of innovative teacher behaviour. For practitioners in the domain of educational innovation, it offers the opportunity to diagnose, in a sound way, the extent of the necessary conditions of teachers IWB for an educational innovation to succeed.
Applications of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Grid-Scale Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Chen Tianmei , Jin Yi , Lv Hanyu , Yang Antao , Liu Meiyi , Chen Bing , Xie Ying , Chen Qiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the electrical energy transformation process, the grid-level energy storage system plays an essential role in balancing power generation and utilization. Batteries have considerable potential for application to grid-level energy storage systems because of their rapid response, modularization, and flexible installation. Among several battery technologies, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) exhibit high energy efficiency, long cycle life, and relatively high energy density. In this perspective, the properties of LIBs, including their operation mechanism, battery design and construction, and advantages and disadvantages, have been analyzed in detail. Moreover, the performance of LIBs applied to grid-level energy storage systems is analyzed in terms of the following grid services: (1) frequency regulation; (2) peak shifting; (3) integration with renewable energy sources; and (4) power management. In addition, the challenges encountered in the application of LIBs are discussed and possible research directions aimed at overcoming these challenges are proposed to provide insight into the development of grid-level energy storage systems.