bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Density Electromyography Provides New Insights into the Flexion Relaxation Phenomenon in Individuals with Low Back Pain
Authors: Murillo Carlos , Martinez-Valdes Eduardo , Heneghan Nicola R. , Liew Bernard , Rushton Alison , Sanderson Andy , Falla Deborah 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent research using high-density electromyography (HDEMG) has provided a more precise understanding of the behaviour of the paraspinal muscles in people with low back pain (LBP); but so far, HDEMG has not been used to investigate the flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP). To evaluate this, HDEMG signals were detected with grids of electrodes (13 × 5) placed bilaterally over the lumbar paraspinal muscles in individuals with and without LBP as they performed repetitions of full trunk flexion. The root mean square of the HDEMG signals was computed to generate the average normalized amplitude; and the spatial FRP onset was determined and expressed as percentage of trunk flexion. Smoothing spline analysis of variance models and the contrast cycle difference approach using the Bayesian interpretation were used to determine statistical inference. All pain-free controls and 64.3% of the individuals with LBP exhibited the FRP. Individuals with LBP and the FRP exhibited a delay of its onset compared to pain-free controls (significant mean difference of 13.3% of trunk flexion). They also showed reduced normalized amplitude compared to those without the FRP, but still greater than pain-free controls (significant mean difference of 27.4% and 11.6% respectively). This study provides novel insights into changes in lumbar muscle behavior in individuals with LBP.
A specific fungal transcription factor controls effector gene expression and orchestrates the establishment of the necrotrophic pathogen lifestyle on wheat
Authors: Jones Darcy A. B. , John Evan , Rybak Kasia , Phan Huyen T. T. , Singh Karam B. , Lin Shao-Yu , Solomon Peter S. , Oliver Richard P. , Tan Kar-Chun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe fungus Parastagonospora nodorum infects wheat through the use of necrotrophic effector (NE) proteins that cause host-specific tissue necrosis. The Zn2Cys6 transcription factor PnPf2 positively regulates NE gene expression and is required for virulence on wheat. Little is known about other downstream targets of PnPf2. We compared the transcriptomes of the P. nodorum wildtype and a strain deleted in PnPf2 (pf2-69) during in vitro growth and host infection to further elucidate targets of PnPf2 signalling. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed (DE) genes revealed that genes associated with plant cell wall degradation and proteolysis were enriched in down-regulated DE gene sets in pf2-69 compared to SN15. In contrast, genes associated with redox control, nutrient and ion transport were up-regulated in the mutant. Further analysis of the DE gene set revealed that PnPf2 positively regulates twelve genes that encode effector-like proteins. Two of these genes encode proteins with homology to previously characterised effectors in other fungal phytopathogens. In addition to modulating effector gene expression, PnPf2 may play a broader role in the establishment of a necrotrophic lifestyle by orchestrating the expression of genes associated with plant cell wall degradation and nutrient assimilation.
A simple and flexible high-throughput method for the study of cardiomyocyte proliferation
Authors: Neininger Abigail C. , Long J. Hunter , Baillargeon Sophie M. , Burnette Dylan T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCardiac muscle cells lack regenerative capacity in postnatal mammals. A concerted effort has been made in the field to determine regulators of cardiomyocyte proliferation and identify therapeutic strategies to induce division, with the ultimate goal of regenerating heart tissue after a myocardial infarct. We sought to optimize a high throughput screening protocol to facilitate this effort. We developed a straight-forward high throughput screen with simple readouts to identify small molecules that modulate cardiomyocyte proliferation. We identify human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiCMs) as a model system for such a screen, as a very small subset of hiCMs have the potential to proliferate. The ability of hiCMs to proliferate is density-dependent, and cell density has no effect on the outcome of proliferation: cytokinesis or binucleation. Screening a compound library revealed many regulators of proliferation and cell death. We provide a comprehensive and flexible screening procedure and cellular phenotype information for each compound. We then provide an example of steps to follow after this screen is performed, using three of the identified small molecules at various concentrations, further implicating their target kinases in cardiomyocyte proliferation. This screening platform is flexible and cost-effective, opening the field of cardiovascular cell biology to laboratories without substantial funding or specialized training, thus diversifying this scientific community.
Histone acetylation orchestrates wound-induced transcriptional activation and cellular reprogramming in Arabidopsis
Authors: Rymen Bart , Kawamura Ayako , Lambolez Alice , Inagaki Soichi , Takebayashi Arika , Iwase Akira , Sakamoto Yuki , Sako Kaori , Favero David S. , Ikeuchi Momoko , Suzuki Takamasa , Seki Motoaki , Kakutani Tetsuji , Roudier François , Sugimoto Keiko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPlant somatic cells reprogram and regenerate new tissues or organs when they are severely damaged. These physiological processes are associated with dynamic transcriptional responses but how chromatin-based regulation contributes to wound-induced gene expression changes and subsequent cellular reprogramming remains unknown. In this study we investigate the temporal dynamics of the histone modifications H3K9/14ac, H3K27ac, H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and H3K36me3, and analyze their correlation with gene expression at early time points after wounding. We show that a majority of the few thousand genes rapidly induced by wounding are marked with H3K9/14ac and H3K27ac before and/or shortly after wounding, and these include key wound-inducible reprogramming genes such asWIND1,ERF113/RAP2.6 LandLBD16. Our data further demonstrate that inhibition of GNAT-MYST-mediated histone acetylation strongly blocks wound-induced transcriptional activation as well as callus formation at wound sites. This study thus uncovered a key epigenetic mechanism that underlies wound-induced cellular reprogramming in plants.
A VLT/FLAMES survey for massive binaries in Westerlund 1
Authors: Clark J. S. , Ritchie B. W. , Negueruela I. 
Published: November 2019

Context. The formation, properties, and evolution of massive stars remain subject to considerable theoretical and observational uncertainty. This impacts on fields as diverse as galactic feedback, the production of cosmic rays, and the nature of the progenitors of both electromagnetic and gravitational wave transients.
Aims. The young massive clusters many such stars reside within provide a unique laboratory for addressing these issues. In this work we provide a comprehensive stellar census of Westerlund 1 in order to to underpin such efforts.
Methods. We employed optical spectroscopy of a large sample of early-type stars to determine cluster membership for photometrically-identified candidates, characterise their spectral type, and identify new candidate spectroscopic binaries.
Results. Sixty nine new members of Westerlund 1 are identified via I-band spectroscopy. Together with previous observations, they illustrate a smooth and continuous morphological sequence from late-O giant through to OB supergiant. Subsequently, the progression bifurcates, with one branch yielding mid-B to late-F hypergiants, and cool supergiants, and the other massive blue stragglers prior to a diverse population of H-depleted WRs. We identify a substantial population of O-type stars with very broad Paschen series lines, a morphology that is directly comparable to known binaries in the cluster. In a few cases additional low-resolution R-band spectroscopy is available, revealing double-lined He I profiles and confirming binarity for these objects; suggesting a correspondingly high binary fraction amongst relatively unevolved cluster members.
Conclusions. Our current census remains incomplete, but indicates that Westerlund 1 contains at least 166 stars with initial masses estimated to lie between ∼25 M⊙ and ∼50 M⊙, with more massive stars already lost to supernova. Our data is consistent with the cluster being co-eval, although binary interaction is clearly required to yield the observed stellar population, which is characterised by a uniquely rich cohort of hypergiants ranging from spectral type O to F, with both mass-stripped primaries and rejuvenated secondaries or merger products present. Future observations of Wd1 and similar stellar aggregates hold out the prospect of characterising both single- and binary- evolutionary channels for massive stars and determining their relative contributions. This in turn will permit the physical properties of such objects at the point of core-collapse to be predicted, which is of direct relevance for understanding the formation of relativistic remnants such as the magnetars associated with Wd1 and other young massive clusters.
Früherkennung der Alzheimer-Krankheit mit Biomarkern der Bildgebung oder aus dem Liquor
Authors: Grimmer Timo 
Published: November 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSeit kurzem ist es möglich, die Alzheimer-Krankheit als die häufigste Ursache demenzieller Syndrome anhand von Biomarkern unabhängig von der klinischen Symptomatik zu diagnostizieren. Gerade die Biomarker, die die Amyloid-Pathologie anzeigen, werden bereits Jahre vor Auftreten der ersten klinischen Symptome positiv; werden zusätzlich die Biomarker der Tau-Pathologie und der Neurodegeneration positiv, erhöht sich die diagnostische Spezifität und die Wahrscheinlichkeit klinischer Verschlechterung im kürzeren Verlauf. Es wird die Güte der Biomarker für die Früherkennung der Alzheimer-Krankheit und für die Prognose des klinischen Verlaufs dargestellt.Die Alzheimer-Biomarker erlauben die Früherkennung der Alzheimer-Krankheit, bevor sich ein demenzielles Syndrom entwickelt. Damit können Patienten identifiziert werden, bei denen Interventionen zur Verzögerung des Fortschreitens der klinischen Symptomatik und des Verhinderns der Demenz erprobt werden.
Einfluss von Lebensstil auf kognitiven Abbau und Demenz
Authors: Rodriguez Francisca S. , Ross Sabrina , Spilski Jan 
Published: November 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGZusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Da aktuell keine Wunderpille gegen Demenz in Sicht ist, bieten gerade nicht pharmakologische Interventionen vielversprechende Möglichkeiten in der Prävention und Versorgung. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Evidenzlage zum Einfluss des Lebensstils auf die kognitive Gesundheit im höheren Lebensalter zu eruieren.
Material und Methoden In der Datenbank ‚Pubmed‘ wurde nach systematischen Literaturübersichten und Metaanalysen zu kognitiven Aktivitäten, körperlicher Bewegung, sozialen Aktivitäten, Musik, Kunst, Meditation, Religion und Umgang mit Tieren gesucht.
Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass kognitive, körperliche und soziale Aktivität zu besserer kognitiver Leistungsfähigkeit, selbst bei Personen mit Demenz, und geringerem Demenzrisiko führen können. Tanzen, Meditation, religiöse Aktivitäten und Kunst scheinen ebenso protektiv zu wirken. Die Evidenzlage zu Musik und Tiertherapie ist nicht aussagekräftig.
Schlussfolgerung Der Lebensstil kann ein wichtiger Behandlungsfaktor sein, der zur Stabilisierung der kognitiven Fähigkeiten beiträgt und schon frühzeitig als Prävention in die Behandlung einbezogen werden kann. Es empfiehlt sich dringend, Möglichkeiten zu eruieren, um dies zu ermöglichen.
Medizinische Maßnahmen zur Demenzprävention
Authors: Adler Georg 
Published: November 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGKörperliche Erkrankungen wie arterielle Hypertonie, Typ-2-Diabetes-mellitus, Hyperhomozysteinämie und Hypercholesterinämie sind mit einem erhöhten Risiko für die Entwicklung einer Alzheimer-Demenz verbunden. Sie treten gehäuft bei Personen auf, die an Demenzprävention interessiert sind. Ein Nutzen der Behandlung dieser Risikofaktoren zur Demenzprävention erscheint wahrscheinlich, ist aber unterschiedlich gut belegt. Die Wirksamkeit der einzelnen Risikofaktoren und der präventive Nutzen ihrer Behandlung hängt vermutlich von verschiedenen Merkmalen der betreffenden Person ab, z. B. Geschlecht, Alter, medizinische Vorgeschichte und Apolipoprotein E-Genotyp. Daher sollten sinnvolle Präventionsempfehlungen im Sinne einer personalisierten Medizin diese Variablen berücksichtigen.
Präventionsansätze zur Reduktion von Konsumrisiken in der Berliner Partyszene
Authors: Helbig Jonas , Ernst Felicitas , Viohl Leonard , Roediger Lukas , Köhler Stephan , Ströhle Andreas , Romanczuk-Seiferth Nina , Heinz Andreas , Betzler Felix 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Untersuchung des Konsumverhaltens der Berliner Partyszene und Identifizierung gewünschter Hilfsangebote zur Reduktion von Konsumrisiken.
Methoden Erfassung quantitativer (Fragebogen, N = 877) und qualitativer (Interviews, N = 20) Daten.
Ergebnisse Der Konsum von Substanzen war weit verbreitet (insbesondere Alkohol, Cannabis, Amphetamin, MDMA, Kokain, Ketamin) und mehrheitlich riskant. Als Hilfsangebote gewünscht wurden von den Befragten vor allem Beratungsangebote und Drug Checking.
Schlussfolgerung Ein Ausbau von Hilfsangeboten ist notwendig und innerhalb der Zielgruppe erwünscht.
Kognitive Trainings zur Demenzprävention
Authors: Marczak Agnies 
Published: November 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAngesicht der Fülle und Heterogenität des Angebots an kognitiven Trainings stellt sich die Frage nach der Wirksamkeit dieser Verfahren. Da vermehrt computergestützte Trainings Anwendung finden, wurden für diese Arbeit Untersuchungen, die diese Form der Darbietung getestet haben, ausgewählt. Die Wirksamkeitsprüfung bei Personen mit Demenz zeigte keine signifikanten Effekte, jedoch geben die Studien Hinweise auf die mögliche Wirksamkeit alternativer Trainings, z. B. unter Anwendung von virtueller Realität, die bei dementen Probanden bessere Ergebnisse im Vergleich zu traditionellen Verfahren erzielt hat. Bei Personen mit einer leichten kognitiven Beeinträchtigung zeigten sich in einigen Untersuchungen kleine bis moderate Effekte, jedoch ist die Studienlage widersprüchlich. Bei kognitiv gesunden Personen sind die Effekte im kleinen und moderaten Bereich, die Studienlage ist hierbei homogener. Bei der Art des Trainings zeigte sich zusätzlich, dass ein Gruppentraining einem Einzeltraining überlegen ist, und dass die Wirksamkeit bei 1- bis 3-mal Trainingseinheiten in der Woche gegeben ist. Möglicherweise spielen dabei motivationale Parameter eine Rolle. Zusammenfassend können kognitive Trainings bei kognitiv Gesunden und bei Personen mit einer leichten kognitiven Beeinträchtigung zur Erhaltung der geistigen Leistungsfähigkeit empfohlen werden.
Wie bewerten Führungskräfte den Einsatz von psychiatrieerfahrenen Genesungsbegleitern?
Authors: Aretz Tobias , Jungbauer Johannes 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Anliegen Die Perspektive des Personalmanagements auf die Peer-Arbeit in psychiatrischen Einrichtungen sollte untersucht werden.
Methode In einer qualitativen Interviewstudie wurden elf Führungskräfte psychiatrischer Institutionen befragt, die Genesungsbegleiter beschäftigen.
Ergebnisse Die Befragten zogen eine insgesamt positive Bilanz hinsichtlich des Einsatzes von Genesungsbegleitern. Peer-Support wurde als besonderes Qualitätsmerkmal einer psychiatrischen Einrichtung beschrieben. Darüber hinaus wurden Verbesserungen im Hinblick auf ein positiveres therapeutisches Klima geschildert. Aufgrund ihrer Erfahrungen benannten die Führungskräfte eine Reihe von Aufgaben des Change Managements, z. B. im Hinblick auf die Vorbereitung der Organisation, Personalauswahl und -finanzierung, Tätigkeitsbeschreibungen und die Integration der Genesungsbegleiter im Team.
Diskussion Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die spezifischen Vorteile von Peer-Support für die Weiterentwicklung der psychiatrischen Praxis. Einige Implikationen für das Personalmanagement werden diskutiert.
Could Vitamin D be Associated with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy? Evidence from Pooling Studies
Authors: Yuan Jing , Zhou Jian-Bo , Zhao Wei , Zhang Rui-Heng , Cai Yao-Hua , Shu Lin-Ping , Qi Lu , Yang Jin-Kui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractContrasting data about the association between proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and vitamin D status remain unknown. First, a hospital-based cross-sectional study consisting of 889 diabetic retinopathy (DR) and non-DR (NDR) patients was admitted. Further the accumulated evidence was performed to explore the association and dose-response relationship. Our study indicated that the odd ratio for PDR in vitamin D deficiency (VDD) individuals was significantly increased (1.60, 95% CI 1.06–2.42), compared with NDR in vitamin D sufficiency individuals, adjusted by age, sex, diabetic duration, and HbA1c. Four studies plus our study with data on vitamin D levels in 4970 patients with PDR and NDR subjects are compared. Association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of PDR exists (OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.40–2.05; I2=0%, p=0.61). Association between a nonlinear trend for vitamin D decrease with risk of DR was significant (chi2=16.53, p=0.0003). No significant heterogeneity in identified studies was found (goodness of fit chi2=2.98, p=0.225). It is concluded that vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Chancen zur Umsetzung der Leitlinienempfehlungen zu psychosozialen Therapien im Rahmen des Bundesteilhabegesetzes (BTHG)
Authors: Gühne Uta , Konrad Michael 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Erstellung von Behandlungsleitlinien bewirkt allein noch keine verbesserte Versorgung der Patienten. Die Umsetzung der Leitlinien ist von verschiedenen, u. a. von strukturellen Bedingungen abhängig. Im Update der S3-Leitlinie „Psychosoziale Therapien bei schweren psychischen Erkrankungen“ werden auf systematische Weise sehr verschiedene psychosoziale Therapien aufgegriffen und einer Überprüfung deren Wirksamkeit unterzogen. Die Umsetzung der daraus resultierenden und in einem aufwendigen Konsensusprozess abgestimmten Empfehlungen bleibt durch die gegliederte Sozialgesetzgebung in Deutschland erschwert. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt auf, welche Chancen im Bundesteilhabegesetz (BTHG) für die Umsetzung der Leitlinienempfehlungen liegen.
Endothelial Function in Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A
Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gong Ningning , Gao Cuixia , Chen Xuedi , Fang Yuan , Tian Limin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine whether patients with
subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) have impaired endothelial function, which
is assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) and flow-mediated
dilatation (FMD) of brachial artery. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library
databases and the key studies references were searched in our study, prior
to July 2017 for all language articles about FMD or C-IMT in SCH and
euthyroid subjects. Two authors screened documents and extracted data by
pre-established standard independently. The pooled estimate for continuous
data was calculated using random-effects models. Statistical heterogeneity
was evaluated using I2 statistics. Subgroup analyses were
conducted to assess the robustness of the meta-analysis. Publication bias
was examined with funnel plot analysis and Egger’s test. In this
meta-analysis, 10 studies with 760 subjects are related to FMD with SCH and
23 studies with 1521 subjects are related to C-IMT with SCH. The pooled
estimate of the weighted mean difference (WMD) has revealed that SCH
correlated with increased C-IMT [WMD 0.069 mm; 95% CI
(0.042, 0.095); p<0.001] and decreased FMD [WMD
−1.848%; 95% CI (−2.298, −1.399);
p<0.001] with high heterogeneity. Compared with EU controls,
SCH was also associated with an increased diastolic blood pressure (DBP),
systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC)
levels, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This meta-analysis
demonstrates that SCH is associated with endothelial dysfunction, which may
relate with increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Hypertension and
dyslipidemia may play a crucial part in the development of endothelial
dysfunction.
Treatment with Metformin and Combination of Metformin Plus Pioglitazone on Serum Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ali Durr-e-Shewar , Shah Mohsin , Ali Asif , Malik Muhammad Omar , Rehman Farhat , Badshah Haroon , Ehtesham Ehtesham , Vitale Salvatore Giovanni 
Published: November 2019

AbstractElevated serum levels of inflammatory mediators in conditions such as PCOS reflect a low-grade chronic inflammation and this has been attributed to be associated with insulin-resistance in PCOS. Therefore, insulin-sensitizing agents are suggested to improve both reproductive as well as metabolic aspects of PCOS. This study aimed to compare the effects of metformin taken alone with that of a combination of metformin and pioglitazone on menstrual cycle, hormonal parameters, insulin resistance, and inflammatory biomarkers in women with PCOS. One hundred and six women with PCOS participated in the study. All subjects were randomized into two-arm intervention groups (Arm 1 and 2). Participants in Arm-1 received metformin (500 mg BD) daily while those in Arm-2 a combination of metformin (500 mg BD) and pioglitazone (15 mg BD) for 12 wks. Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were measured using ELISA whereas insulin resistance was assessed using HOMA-IR. At baseline women with PCOS had significantly elevated circulating concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8. Treatment decreased IL-6 in both the groups, however, only the combination group showed a significant decrease (p=0.005). Serum IL-8 level had a significant decrease after treatment in both groups (p <0.001). HOMA-IR and insulin levels also decreased in both the groups (both p <0.001). Testosterone, FSH, and prolactin significantly decreased in both groups. LH also decreased in both groups, however, the change was significant only in the combination group (p=0.013). Combination of metformin and pioglitazone therapy was more effective as compared to metformin alone in reducing the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 as well as insulin resistance in PCOS.
Alkaloid Enantiomers from Isatis tinctoria with Neuroprotective Effects against H2O2-Induced SH-SY5Y Cell Injury
Authors: Xi Yu-Fei , Lou Li-Li , Xu Zhi-Yong , Hou Zi-Lin , Wang Xiao-Bo , Huang Xiao-Xiao , Song Shao-Jiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSix pairs of alkaloid enantiomers including 11 new alkaloids (1a/1b–5a/5b, 6a) were isolated from the leaves of Isatis tinctoria. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses. Enantiomers were separated successfully by chiral chromatographic column and the absolute configurations of all isolates were determined by comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. The isolated alkaloids were evaluated for their neuroprotective activities against H2O2-induced cell injury in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The results showed that 5a/5b and 6a/6b exhibited potent neuroprotective activities at 50 µM compared with the H2O2-treated group.