bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlations Between Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values of WB-DWI&nbsp;and Clinical Parameters in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Zhang Bei , Bian Bingyang , Zhao Zhiwei , Lin Fang , Zhu Zining , Lou Mingwu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
PURPOSE: Whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (WB-DWI) is a method for evaluating bone marrow infiltration in multiple myeloma (MM). This study seeks to elucidate the correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and some selected clinical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 101 Chinese patients with MM who had undergone WB-DWI from May 2017 to May 2019 were enrolled in this study. The ADC values of the MM lesions and the clinical parameters were quantified at the first (baseline) visit and after four-course induction chemotherapy. Multiple linear regression and logistic analyses were carried out to find the implicit inherent relationships within the patients’ data.RESULTS: The paired Wilcoxon test showed that the ADC values at the baseline visit (ADC0) were significantly lower than the values after four-course induction chemotherapy (ADC4 c) (p < 0.001), including different therapeutic responses. The Revised International Staging System (RISS) stage, type of MM, and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) were predictors of clinically significant increases or decreases in the ADC values (p< 0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that the ADC0 was negatively associated with β2-MG (p ＜ 0.001) and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement (p = 0.012), while the RISS Stage Ⅲ (p = 0.001), type IgG λ (p = 0.005), and albumin were negatively associated with ADC4 c (p = 0.010). The impacts of the therapeutic response were associated with ADC0 and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement (p ＜ 0.001).CONCLUSION: The ADC values of WB-DWI may be associated with clinical parameters of MM including the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) result, and may be useful in the prognosis of patients with MM.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR2000029587
Unveiling the experiences of women of reproductive age with access to iron-rich food and the use of gutka: an exploratory study from a coastal slum of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Ameer , Tariq Eleze , Cheema Daniyaal Ahmad , Khan Uzma , Saleem Sarah , Shafiq Yasir 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAnemia among married women of reproductive age (MWRA) is an emerging public health issue. With the growing prevalence in coastal slums, understanding of community perceptions, practices and attitudes towards consuming iron-rich food items is very crucial. An in-depth understanding of why community women are consuming gutka is also important in these slums. The aim of this paper is to present the findings of this qualitative study to better understand community perceptions and experiences regarding access to iron-rich food and use of gutka. MethodA simple exploratory design using focus group discussions with nonpregnant MWRA and community health workers as well as thorough interviews with different shopkeepers were performed at Rehri Goth, a coastal slum at Karachi, Pakistan. Further, observational visits were also conducted to perform a market survey and to explore the situation regarding the availability of iron-rich food items in the community. ResultsCommunity-level knowledge and understanding on consuming iron-rich food items was poor, and many participants shared concerns regarding accessibility in terms of purchasing power as well as poor availability of these food items in the community as the key issues. These issues are rooted in the sociocultural beliefs that lead to adopting behaviors that result in the use of monotonous diet. These findings were consistent with the fact that observational visits revealed that the community has very low availability of four iron-rich items. Meat shops are only available in 21.4% of the area, and beef availability was only 41.7% during observational visits. Additionally, gutka consumption is considered by locals as a solution to poor accessibility of food. ConclusionStudy findings suggest that strategies should be developed at the policy-forming and implementation level to increase awareness about consuming iron-rich food items as well as initiatives to improve the accessibility to these items.
The vesicular release probability sets the strength of individual Schaffer collateral synapses
Authors: Dürst Céline , Wiegert J. Simon , Schulze Christian , Helassa Nordine , Torok Katalin , Oertner Thomas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Information processing in the brain is controlled by quantal release of neurotransmitters, a tightly regulated process. Even in a single axon, presynaptic boutons differ in the number of docked vesicles, but it is not known if the vesicular release probability (pves) is homogenous or variable between individual boutons. We optically measured evoked transmitter release at individual Schaffer collateral synapses using the genetically encoded glutamate sensor iGluSnFR, localizing the fusion site on the bouton with high spatiotemporal precision. Fitting a binomial model to measured response amplitude distributions allowed us to extract the quantal parameters N, pves, and q. Schaffer collateral boutons typically released only a single vesicle under low pves conditions and switched to multivesicular release in high calcium saline. We found that pves was highly variable between individual boutons and had a dominant impact on presynaptic output.
Exploring Perspectives and Preferences for Over-Diagnosis and Overtreatment of Thyroid Nodules using a MCDA Method
Authors: Karrer Linda , Zhang Shixuan , Kühlein Thomas , Kolominsky-Rabas Peter L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The detection of thyroid cancer has rapidly increased over last few decades without an increase in disease specific mortality. Several studies claim that the diagnose of thyroid nodules through routine ultrasound imaging is often the trigger for cascade effects leading to unnecessary follow-up over many years or to invasive treatment. The objective of this study was to explore physicians’ and patients’ insights and preferences for diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules as well as awareness of over-diagnosis and overtreatment. Methods: An online survey was developed using a comprehensive multi criteria decision Analysis (MCDA) framework, the EVIdence based Decision-Making (EVIDEM). The EVIDEM core model used in this study encompassed 13 quantitative criteria and four qualitative criteria. Participants were asked to provide weights for each criterion, performance scores for appraising the thyroid nodules interventions and their consideration of impact of contextual criteria. Normalized weights and standardized scores were combined to calculate a value contribution across all participants, additionally differences across participants were explored. Results: Of all 105 participants, there are 48 patients, 31 physicians and 26 normal citizens. The highest value estimate of the intervention on thyroid nodules reached 0.401 for citizens’ group and lowest value of 0.287 was reported for physicians’ group, compared to 0.359 for all participants. The highest value contributors were efficacy and prevention. Compared to all participants, physicians gave less weight to quality of life and prevention benefits. In addition, physicians’ group gave less score on the treatment such like thyroid surgery compared to other two groups. 59% participants considered healthcare system had a positive impact on the diagnostic of thyroid nodules. Conclusion: Our study shows participants’ preferences on each criterion, i.e., physician indicated keeping the intervention safe and effective more important, patients indicated quality of life after receiving intervention more important. Through comparison among participants, differences have been highlighted, which can make better communication between physicians and patients. This study provided a supportive decision making for health providers when they conduct researches on thyroid nodules.Trial registration: This study did not report the results of a health care intervention on human participants.
Immunotherapy Combined With Chemotherapy and&nbsp;Radiotherapy for a Patient With Cancer of Unknown Primary: A Case Report
Authors: Ni Qingtao , Lu KaiJin , Pan Chi , Dai ShengBin , Wang Peng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is metastatic at diagnosis with unknown primary site, indicating a high degree of malignancy with poor prognosis. The development and application of targeted therapy and Immunotherapy is the current research hotspot, and provide more treatment options for CUP.Case Presentations: A 36-year-old freeworking male presented with pain on the right hip in April 2018. After various examinations, he was diagnosed as CUP. He received chemotherapy, immunotherapy and local radiotherapy in our department. However, the use of radiotherapy after immunotherapy resulted in severe pneumonia. Conclusions: Compared with traditional treatments, immunotherapy is effective treatment with fewer side effects and better patient tolerance. However, treating physicians should continue to pay special attention to the occurrence of side effects, when radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy.
Determinants of the offer of breast milk complements for newborns
Authors: Pinheiro Josilene Maria Ferreira , Flor Taiana Brito Menêzes , Pires Vanessa Cristina da Costa , Mata Amanda Michelly Braga da , Oliveira Luana Isabelly Carneiro de , Barbosa Wanessa Pinheiro de Macedo , Andrade Fábia Barbosa de 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Although exclusive breastfeeding is recommended in the first hours of life, it is common to offer infant formula to the newborn, resulting in a negative effect on breastfeeding. This study has the objective of identifying the prevalence of the offer of food complements, its characteristics and the determining factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study, linked to a cohort study that assessed the newborn care in four public maternity wards in Natal. The sample was composed of 415 mothers and full-term newborns, with appropriate weight for gestational age and Apgar scores in 1st and 5th minutes ≥ 7. In order to analyze the association between the socioeconomic, biological and welfare characteristics and the offer of the complement for the newborn, we used Pearson’s Chi-Square, Student’s t-test, and Poisson’s regression.Results: Of the 415 newborns, 51.3% received complements (57.6% in the first hour of life), of which 92% with infant formula. Of these, only 50.7% were prescribed by the doctor. Colostrum deficiency was the main reason for indication (33.8%). The maternal age ≤ 20 years (PR=0.64; 95% CI=0.47-0.86) and between 20-30 years (PR=0.70; 95% CI=0.57-0.87) were shown as protective factors, while being primiparous (PR=1.37; 95% CI=1.11-1.60) and had undergone cesarean section (PR=1.2; 95% CI=1.00-1.45) as predictive factors. Conclusion: We observed that maternal characteristics are determinants for the offer of complement to the newborn in the first hours of life. The high prevalence shows the need for interventions that minimize the inadequate offer of infant formula and promote exclusive breastfeeding before hospital discharge.
Effect of Tourniquet Use in Ankle Arthroscopic Surgery on Postoperative Recovery: A Prospective Non- Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Huang Tingting , Liu Haixiao , Hu Yuezheng , Xu Xinxian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of this prospective non- randomized controlled study was to explore the effect of tourniquet use on joint swelling, pain, functional outcome, and tourniquet- related ischemia- reperfusion injury (IRI) during ankle arthroscopic surgery.52 patients who received ankle arthroscopy were allocated to had the procedure done with the tourniquet inflated (the Control group, n= 27) or without the tourniquet inflated (the NT group, n= 25). The main outcome measures were: (1) The amount of swelling of the ankle; (2) Pain as measured by a visual analog scale (VAS); (3) The levels of MDA, IMA,TOS, TAS and OSI at 10 min before incision (T1)，after the completion of surgery (T2), and 30 min after tourniquet deflation (T3); (4) The functional outcome as measured by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle hindfoot score; (5) The rate of complication. All patients were reviewed at a mean follow- up of 14.2 months (range, 12- 19 months). The mean circumferences of the ankle in the NT group were significantly lower than those in the Control group on postoperative day 2 and 5 (p<0.05). The mean level of VAS in the Control group was significantly higher on postoperative day 2 (p<0.05). The outcomes of AOFAS ankle hindfoot score were comparable between groups postoperatively (p>0.05). The levels of MDA, IMA, TOS and OSI were all significantly lower in the NT group compared at T2 and T3 (p<0.05), and the level of TAS was significantly lower in the NT group at T3 (p<0.05). The complication rates of two groups were comparable (p>0.05).With the use of tourniquet during ankle arthroscopic surgery, there was increased joint swelling and pain postoperatively, and a trend toward increased levels of MDA, IMA, TOS, TAS and OSI intraoperatively. Thus, we do not recommend using a tourniquet in this type of procedure.
Uncovering the Pharmacological of Xiaochaihu Decoction in the Treatment of Pancreatitis Based on the Network Pharmacology
Authors: Zhan Lianghui , Pu Jinbao , Hu Yijuan , Xu Pan , Liang Weiqing , Ji Chunlian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundXiaochaihu Decoction (XD) was a traditional prescription, has been demonstrated the pharmacodynamic on pancreatitis. But the underline mechanism remained to be explored. Therefore, this study was aimed to combined network pharmacology method and molecular docking technology to demonstrate the potential mechanism of XD treated with pancreatitis.MethodsFirstly, compounds of seven herbs containing XD were collected from TCMSP Database and the putative targets of Pancreatitis were obtained from OMIM, TTD, Genecards Database. Then PPI network was constructed according to the matching results between XD potential targets and pancreatic neoplasms targets. Furthermore, enrichment analysis on GO and KEGG by DAVID utilized bioinformatics resources. Finally, Molecular Docking was performed to simulate the interaction between the active compound of XD and putative targets.ResultsA total of 196 active ingredients and 91 putative targets were selected out. The PPI interaction network analysis demonstrated that Quercetin was the candidate agents and MAPK3, IL-6 and TP53 were the potential targets for the XD treatment of pancreatitis. The KEGG analysis revealed that pathways in cancers, TNF signaling way, MAPK signaling way might play an important role in pancreatitis therapy. And Molecular Docking results showed that Quercetin combined well with MAPK3, IL-6 and TP53.ConclusionThis study illustrated that Quercetin containing in XD might played an important role in pancreatitis therapy by acting the key genes of MPAK3, IL-6 and TP53. And it also provided a strategy to elucidate the mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) at the level of network pharmacology.
The Scutellarin Protects Mouse Ovarian Granulosa Cells from ZEA-Induced Injury
Authors: Yi Yanyan , Wan Shuangxiu , Wang Shaoyu , Khan Ajab , Guo Jianhua , Zheng Xiaozhong , Li Hongquan , Sun Na 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe zearalenone (ZEA) contained in the animal grain feeds is produced by Fusarium fungi and this toxin targets ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) to cause reproductive disorders in female animals. Current research on drugs that can rescue ZEA-induced GCs damage is limited. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of scutellarin (Scu) on ZEA-induced apoptosis of mouse ovarian GCs and its mechanism.ResultsIn one set of experiments, the primary cultured mouse ovarian GCs were co-treated with ZEA and scutellarin for 24 h. The results showed that Scu significantly alleviated ZEA-induced cell damage, restored cell cycle arrest, and inhibited apoptosis by reducing the ratio of cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-PARP, and Bax/Bcl-2. In other set of experiments, six weeks old mice were intragastrical administered with 40 mg/kg ZEA for 2 h, followed by 100 mg/kg Scu for 3 d. It was shown that Scu inhibited ZEA-induced apoptosis and positive signal expression of cleared-caspase-3 in the ovarian granulosa layer, with the involvement of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. ConclusionScu attenuated ZEA-induced reproductive toxicity by targeting mouse ovarian GCs, mainly affecting cell cycle phase distribution and apoptosis via mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in vitro and in vivo. These data provide strong evidence that Scu can be further developed as potential new therapeutic drug for preventing or treating reproductive toxicity caused by animal exposure to ZEA found in the grains of animal feeds.
Integrated Analysis of Circular RNA Associated Cerna Network Reveals Potential CircRNA Biomarkers in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Shen Hui , Pan Huan , Lu Jianju , Shen Jianfen , Xu Longsheng , Sheng Han , Liu Beibei , Yao Ming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThere is increasing evidence that circular RNA (circRNA) is closely related to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. circRNA has been identified as a sponge of microRNA (miRNA) in a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and is involved in the regulation of mRNA expression. However, the roles of cancer specific circRNAs in circRNA-related ceRNA network of breast cancer (BRCA) are still unclear. This study aims to construct a ceRNA network associated with circRNA and to explore new therapeutic and prognostic targets and biomarkers for breast cancer.MethodsWe downloaded the circRNA expression profile of BRCA from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray datasets and downloaded the miRNA and mRNA expression profiles of BRCA from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, these data were included in the study for comprehensive analysis. Differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) were identified and a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network was constructed based on circRNA–miRNA pairs and miRNA–mRNA pairs. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis were performed on mRNAs regulated by circRNAs in ceRNA networks. Survival analysis and correlation analysis of all mRNAs and miRNAs in the ceRNA network were performed. The STRING search tool was used to predict the interaction between proteins, and the hub genes were screened by the MCODE plugin in Cytoscape.ResultsA total of 72 DEcircRNAs, 158 DEmiRNAs and 2762 DE mRNAs were identified. The constructed ceRNA network contains 60 circRNA-miRNA pairs and 140 miRNA-mRNA pairs, including 40 circRNAs, 30 miRNAs and 100 mRNAs. Functional enrichment indicated that DEmRNAs regulated by DEcircRNAs in ceRNA networks were significantly enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MicroRNAs in cancer and Proteoglycans in cancer. Survival analysis and correlation analysis of all mRNAs and miRNAs in the ceRNA network showed that a total of 13 mRNAs and 6 miRNAs were significantly associated with overall survival, and 48 miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs had a significant negative correlation. A PPI network was established and 21 hub genes were determined from the network. After comprehensive analysis, four potential ceRNA regulatory axes were constructed based on three circRNAs, two miRNAs, and three mRNAs.ConclusionsThis study provides an effective bioinformatics basis for further understanding the molecular mechanisms and predictions of breast cancer. A better understanding of the circRNA-related ceRNA network in BRCA will help identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
Combinatorial analyses reveal cellular composition changes have different impacts on transcriptomic changes of cell type specific genes in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Johnson Travis S. , Xiang Shunian , Dong Tianhan , Huang Zhi , Cheng Michael , Wang Tianfu , Yang Kai , Ni Dong , Huang Kun , Zhang Jie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains are characterized by progressive neuron loss and gliosis. Previous studies comparing AD versus control using bulk brain tissue samples have not considered cell composition changes in AD brains that can cause transcriptional changes not due to transcriptional regulation.Using five large transcriptomic datasets, we mined conserved gene co-expression network modules, and applied differential expression and differential co-expression analysis on the modules in AD versus control brains. Combined with cell type deconvolution analysis, we addressed the question of whether the module expression changes are due to altered cellular composition or transcriptional regulation. Our findings were validated using four additional datasets.We discovered that the increased expression of microglia modules can be explained by increased microglia population in AD brains rather than gene upregulation. In contrast, the decreased expression and perturbed co-expression in AD neuron modules are due to both neuron loss and regulation of neuronal pathways and several transcriptional factors are identified for such regulation. Similarly, the strong changes in expression and co-expression in astrocyte modules can also be attributed to a combinatory effect from astrogliosis and astrocyte gene activation in AD brains. The astrocyte modules expressions also strongly correlated with the clinicopathological biomarkers.In summary, we demonstrated that combinatorial analysis is a powerful approach to delineate the origin of transcriptomic changes in bulk tissue data, which leads to a deeper understanding of key genes/pathways in AD.
Utilities of Peripheral Nerve Blocks beyond the Operating Room: A Narrative Review
Authors: Krishna Prasad GV  
Published: October 2020

Intravenous analgesia has been the standard method employed to alleviate pain. However, intravenous analgesia cause higher rate of systemic side-effects, patient discomfort and longer hospital stays. In recent times, peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) have become the most preferred choice for a variety of procedures in operating room. PNBs lower the risks of peri-operative challenges, they involve in lowering the number of opioid-related complications, and they mitigate the need for general anaesthesia. Further, peripheral nerve blocks with the assistance from ultrasound technology provide superior choices over traditional pain-relieving methods practiced in the operating room. Objective of the current review article is to throw light on the peripheral nerve blocks and their utilities other than operation theatres. Also, this review article throws light on the several utilities of peripheral nerve blocks in trauma cases, block on arrival, upper limb, lower limb, chest and abdomen, head injury, maxillofacial injuries, uses in central vein canulations, recurrent ventricular tachycardia, interventional radiology, chronic pains with acute presentation and gangrene of limbs.