bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Frequencies of HLA-DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 Alleles and Haplotypes Are Observed in the Arbovirus-Related Neurological Syndromes
Authors: Sonon Paulin , Brito Ferreira Maria Lúcia , Santos Almeida Renata , Saloum Deghaide Neifi Hassan , Henrique Willcox Glauco , Guimarães Elizabeth Lima , da Purificação Júnior Antônio Fernando , Cordeiro Marli Tenório , Antunes de Brito Carlos Alexandre , de Albuquerque Maria de Fátima Militão , Lins Roberto D , Donadi Eduardo A , Lucena-Silva Norma 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
We took advantage of the 2015–2016 Brazilian arbovirus outbreak (Zika [ZIKV]/dengue/chikungunya viruses) associated with neurological complications to type HLA-DRB1/DQA1/DQB1 variants in patients exhibiting neurological complications and in bone marrow donors from the same endemic geographical region.

Methods
DRB1/DQA1/DQB1 loci were typed using sequence-specific oligonucleotides. In silico studies were performed using X-ray resolved dimer constructions.

Results
The DQA1*01, DQA1*05, DQB1*02, or DQB1*06 genotypes/haplotypes and DQA1/DQB1 haplotypes that encode the putative DQA1/DQB1 dimers were overrepresented in the whole group of patients and in patients exhibiting peripheral neurological spectrum disorders (PSD) or encephalitis spectrum disorders (ESD). The DRB1*04, DRB1*13, and DQA1*03 allele groups protected against arbovirus neurological manifestation, being underrepresented in whole group of patients and ESD and PSD groups. Genetic and in silico studies revealed that DQA1/DQB1 dimers (1) were primarily associated with susceptibility to arbovirus infections; (2) can bind to a broad range of ZIKV peptides (235 of 1878 peptides, primarily prM and NS2A); and (3) exhibited hydrophilic and highly positively charged grooves when compared to the DRA1/DRB1 cleft. The protective dimer (DRA1/DRB1*04) bound a limited number of ZIKV peptides (40 of 1878 peptides, primarily prM).

Conclusion
Protective haplotypes may recognize arbovirus peptides more specifically than susceptible haplotypes.
Risk Factors for Non–Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Type 16/18 Cervical Infections and Associated Lesions Among HPV DNA–Negative Women Vaccinated Against HPV-16/18 in the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial
Authors: Sierra Mónica S , Tsang Sabrina H , Hu Shangying , Porras Carolina , Herrero Rolando , Kreimer Aimée R , Schussler John , Boland Joseph , Wagner Sarah , Cortes Bernal , Rodríguez Ana C , Quint Wim , van Doorn Leen-Jan , Schiffman Mark , Sampson Joshua N , Hildesheim Allan ,   Costa Rica Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Trial (CVT) Group, Cortés Bernal , González Paula , Herrero Rolando , Jiménez Silvia E , Porras Carolina , Rodríguez Ana Cecilia , Hildesheim Allan , Kreimer Aimée R , Lowy Douglas R , Schiffman Mark , Schiller John T , Sherman Mark , Wacholder Sholom , Pinto Ligia A , Kemp Troy J , Sidawy Mary K , Quint Wim , van Doorn Leen-Jan , Struijk Linda , Palefsky Joel M , Darragh Teresa M , Stoler Mark H 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFactors that lead human papillomavirus (HPV) infections to persist and progress to cancer are not fully understood. We evaluated co-factors for acquisition, persistence, and progression of non–HPV-16/18 infections among HPV-vaccinated women.MethodsWe analyzed 2153 women aged 18–25 years randomized to the HPV-vaccine arm of the Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial. Women were HPV DNA negative for all types at baseline and followed for approximately 11 years. Generalized estimating equation methods were used to account for correlated observations. Time-dependent factors evaluated were age, sexual behavior, marital status, hormonally related factors, number of full-term pregnancies (FTPs), smoking behavior, and baseline body mass index.ResultsA total of 1777 incident oncogenic non–HPV-16/18 infections were detected in 12 292 visits (average, 0.14 infections/visit). Age and sexual behavior–related variables were associated with oncogenic non–HPV-16/18 acquisition. Twenty-six percent of incident infections persisted for ≥1 year. None of the factors evaluated were statistically associated with persistence of oncogenic non–HPV-16/18 infections. Risk of progression to Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia grade 2 or worst (CIN2+) increased with increasing age (P for trend = .001), injectable contraceptive use (relative risk, 2.61 [95% confidence interval, 1.19–5.73] ever vs never), and increasing FTPs (P for trend = .034).ConclusionsIn a cohort of HPV-16/18–vaccinated women, age and sexual behavior variables are associated with acquisition of oncogenic non–HPV-16/18 infections; no notable factors are associated with persistence of acquired infections; and age, parity, and hormonally related exposures are associated with progression to CIN2+.
Researcher Profile: Przemysław Prusinkiewicz
Authors: Shekar Rachel G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Przemysław (Przemek) Prusinkiewicz is a Professor of Computer Science at the University of Calgary, Canada, where he creates models, simulations and visualizations of plant development. He received his MSc and PhD at the Technical University of Warsaw, where he studied Computer Science and Engineering under Prof. Stanislaw Budkowski.
A comparative analysis: international variation in PET-CT service provision in oncology—an International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership study
Authors: Lynch Charlotte , Reguilon Irene , Langer Deanna L , Lane Damon , De Prithwish , Wong Wai-Lup , Mckiddie Fergus , Ross Andrew , Shack Lorraine , Win Thida , Marshall Christopher , Revheim Mona-Eliszabeth , Danckert Bolette , Butler John , Dizdarevic Sabina , Louzado Cheryl , Mcgivern Canice , Hazlett Anne , Chew Cindy , O’connell Martin , Harrison Samantha 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
To explore differences in position emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) service provision internationally to further understand the impact variation may have upon cancer services. To identify areas of further exploration for researchers and policymakers to optimize PET-CT services and improve the quality of cancer services.

Design
Comparative analysis using data based on pre-defined PET-CT service metrics from PET-CT stakeholders across seven countries. This was further informed via document analysis of clinical indication guidance and expert consensus through round-table discussions of relevant PET-CT stakeholders. Descriptive comparative analyses were produced on use, capacity and indication guidance for PET-CT services between jurisdictions.

Setting
PET-CT services across 21 jurisdictions in seven countries (Australia, Denmark, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway and the UK).

Participants
None.

Intervention(s)
None.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
None.

Results
PET-CT service provision has grown over the period 2006–2017, but scale of increase in capacity and demand is variable. Clinical indication guidance varied across countries, particularly for small-cell lung cancer staging and the specific acknowledgement of gastric cancer within oesophagogastric cancers. There is limited and inconsistent data capture, coding, accessibility and availability of PET-CT activity across countries studied.

Conclusions
Variation in PET-CT scanner quantity, acquisition over time and guidance upon use exists internationally. There is a lack of routinely captured and accessible PET-CT data across the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership countries due to inconsistent data definitions, data linkage issues, uncertain coverage of data and lack of specific coding. This is a barrier in improving the quality of PET-CT services globally. There needs to be greater, richer data capture of diagnostic and staging tools to facilitate learning of best practice and optimize cancer services.
Multiple polymerase acidic (PA) I38X substitutions in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus permit polymerase activity and cause reduced baloxavir inhibition
Authors: Jones Jeremy C , Pascua Philippe N Q , Harrington Walter N , Webby Richard J , Govorkova Elena A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Baloxavir marboxil is an antiviral drug that targets the endonuclease activity of the influenza virus polymerase acidic (PA) protein. PA I38T/M/F substitutions reduce its antiviral efficacy.

Objectives
To understand the effects of the 19 possible amino acid (AA) substitutions at PA 38 on influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 polymerase activity and inhibition by baloxavir acid, the active metabolite of baloxavir marboxil.

Methods
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viral polymerase complexes containing all 19 I38X AA substitutions were reconstituted in HEK293T cells in a mini-replicon assay. Polymerase complex activity and baloxavir inhibitory activity were measured in the presence or absence of 50 nM baloxavir acid.

Results
Only three substitutions (R, K, P) reduced polymerase activity to &lt;79% of I38-WT. When compared with the prototypical baloxavir marboxil resistance marker T38, 5 substitutions conferred 10%–35% reductions in baloxavir acid inhibitory activity (M, L, F, Y, C) and 11 substitutions conferred &gt;50% reductions (R, K, S, N, G, W, A, Q, E, D, H), while two substitutions (V, P) maintained baloxavir acid inhibitory activity.

Conclusions
Most PA 38 substitutions permit a functional replication complex retaining some drug resistance in the mini-replicon assay. This study provides a targeted approach for virus rescue and analysis of novel baloxavir marboxil reduced-susceptibility markers, supports the consideration of a broader range of these markers during antiviral surveillance and adds to the growing knowledge of baloxavir marboxil resistance profiles.
Co-Pigmentation of Caffeic Acid and Catechin on Wine Color and the Effect of Ultrasound in Model Wine Solutions
Authors: Xue Zhen-Dan , Zhang Qing-An , Wang Ting-Ting 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveWine color is considered an important indicator in judging red wine quality and is also employed to evaluate wine aging. However, wine color can be influenced by many factors.MethodIn this paper, it was investigated that the effects of caffeic acid and catechin on wine color and related mechanisms by HPLC and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy for the wine model solutions containing malvidin-3-O-glucoside. The spectrum changes of the model wine solutions (Mv-glc, Mv-glc + caffeic acid, and Mv-glc + catechin) during 120 days storage were monitored to analyze the influence of co-pigmentation on red wine color.ResultsThe results indicate that the color properties of red wine could be affected by caffeic acid and catechin to a certain extent. Moreover, caffeic acid had a stronger auxiliary color effect on the malvidin-3-O-glucoside than that of the catechin in the model wine solutions, and the former effect continued to increase with prolongation of storage time. The latter effect (catechin) only had a temporary auxiliary color effect in the beginning, and weakened from red to orange yellow with increased storage time. Furthermore, ultrasound irradiation improved co-pigmentation, resulting in the modification of wine color.ConclusionsAll results indicate that the co-pigmentation reaction of wine color could be modified by the addition of caffeic acid and ultrasonic treatment to improve the quality of red wine.
Two Decades of Ecstasy: Shifting Demographic Trends in Decedents Using MDMA
Authors: Armenian Patil , Rodda Luke N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Deaths associated with the party drug, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), over the 20-year period from 2000 to 2019 in San Francisco are presented to identify shifting demographic trends. Of the 148 cases, 129 (87.2%) were male with mean and median ages of 30 and 28 years, respectively. The most common manner of death (MOD) in males was homicide (65 of 129) and accident (49 of 129). The most common MOD in females was accident (15 of 19). Regarding racial demographics, Black homicide deaths accounted for 59 of 67 (88.1%) total homicides. The most prevalent cause of death for homicides was gunshot wounds (63 of 67, 94.0%). Homicide prevalence was high in the first decade of the study (53 of 88, 60.2%), sharply dropping off after 2011. White accidental deaths made up most of the accidental deaths (45 of 64, 70.3%). Since 2015, accidental deaths with MDMA began to rise (40 of 60, 66.7%)—most with other coingestants. Similar MDMA concentrations (median, mean ± SD) were observed between homicide (290, 450 ± 490 ng/mL) and accidental (250, 680 ± 1,120 ng/mL) deaths. MDMA concentrations were elevated in central blood compared to peripheral blood from unmatched cases. MDMA was detected in a variety of decedents during the two decades within 2000-2019, with primarily young Black male gunshot wound homicide victims in the first decade and primarily young White male accidental polydrug victims in the second decade. This study demonstrates that MDMA is no longer confined to a party setting, but can also be found in different socioeconomic strata, including its association with violent homicidal deaths.
Incorporation of Silver Nanoparticles in Hydrogel Matrices for Controlling Wound Infection
Authors: Pangli Harpreet , Vatanpour Saba , Hortamani Shamim , Jalili Reza , Ghahary Aziz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor centuries, silver has been recognized for its antibacterial properties. With the development of nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have garnered significant attention for their diverse uses in antimicrobial gel formulations, dressings for wound healing, orthopedic applications, medical catheters and instruments, implants, and contact lens coatings. A major focus has been determining AgNPs’ physical, chemical, and biological characteristics and their potential to be incorporated in biocomposite materials, particularly hydrogel scaffolds, for burn and wound healing. Though AgNPs have been rigorously explored and extensively utilized in medical and nonmedical applications, important research is still needed to elucidate their antibacterial activity when incorporated in wound-healing scaffolds. In this review, we provide an up-to-date, 10-yr (2010–2019), comprehensive literature review on advancements in the understanding of AgNP characteristics, including the particles’ preparation and mechanisms of activity, and we explore various hydrogel scaffolds for delivering AgNPs.
Interrater Agreement and Reliability of Burn Size Estimations Between Emergency Physicians and Burn Unit
Authors: Yoo Michael J , Pawlukiewicz Alec J , Wray Jesse P , Long Brit J , Hunter Curtis J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The initial approach to burn injuries has remained relatively unchanged over the past several decades and revolves around trauma assessment and fluid resuscitation, frequently initiated in the emergency department (ED). While previous research suggests that emergency physicians (EP) are poor estimators at total body surface area (TBSA) affected, we believe that estimation differences are improving, specifically at academic centers with co-located burn units that emphasize burn injury education. This study investigated the interrater agreement and reliability of burn size estimations at an academic ED and its co-located burn unit. This single-center, retrospective study was conducted at a large academic ED with a co-located burn unit. The study included adult patients admitted to the burn unit after receiving paired burn size estimations from EPs and the burn unit. The primary endpoint was the interrater agreement, measured by the kappa coefficient, κ, of 10% TBSA estimation intervals. The secondary endpoint was the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), evaluating the reliability of exact, nonranged, and TBSA estimations. A chart review was performed for patients evaluated from November 1, 2016 to July 31, 2019. One thousand one hundred and eighty-four patients were admitted to the burn unit, 1176 of which met inclusion criteria for the primary endpoint. The κ of TBSA between EPs and the burn unit was 0.586, while the weighted κ was 0.775. These values correlate with moderate and substantial agreements, respectively. Additionally, 971 patients had exact TBSA estimations from paired EPs and the burn unit which were used for the secondary endpoint. The ICC between EPs and the burn unit was 0.966, demonstrating an excellent reliability. Further sub-analysis was performed, revealing mean over- and underestimation differences of exact TBSA estimations of 3.93 and 2.93, respectively. EPs at academic institutions with co-located burn units are accurate estimators of TBSA in the assessment of burn injuries. We believe that burn education, to include core rotations within the burn unit, plays a major role in improved burn size estimations.
Instant Cup of Soup: Can Kids Safely Prepare and Carry?
Authors: Allen Courtney E , Little Wendalyn K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Scalds are a common cause of burn injury in children. Instant soup and noodle products have been identified as a common cause of pediatric burn injuries, with both the preparation process and product packaging implicated as predisposing factors. A cohort of children was observed simulating the preparation of a cup of noodle soup to identify steps in the process in which injury was mostly likely to occur. Nineteen percent of participants spilled the simulated soup onto themselves, representing potential burn injuries had the liquid been hot. The upper extremity was the most commonly affected body area and spillage occurred most commonly while the participant was transporting the cup of simulated soup. Targeted caregiver education about the potential dangers to children from instant soup and noodle products and investigation into safer packaging are needed to decrease the risk of these injuries in children.
Predictors of HbA1c Trajectories in Predominantly Black Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Keenan Mary E , Berlin Kristoffer S , Cook Jessica L , Ankney Rachel L , Klages Kimberly L , Semenkovich Katherine A , Rybak Tiffany M , Banks Gabrielle G , Choquette Adora E , Alemzadeh Ramin , Eddington Angelica R 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveFollowing the Journal of Pediatric Psychology’s special edition on health disparities, calling for Phase 2 research exploring mechanisms of racial groups in health disparities, this study aims to explore social information processing predictors of longitudinal hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) trajectories in a racially diverse group of adolescents. The social information processing model of glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) posits that adolescents who make negative attributions about reactions of friends are likely to find adherence difficult in social situations, have increased stress, and have suboptimal glycemic control.MethodsOne hundred eighty-four youth with T1D completed self-report measures and HbA1c at three time points within 1 year was extracted from medical records. Growth mixture modeling empirically derived classes of HbA1c trajectories and explored predictive relationships of social information processing variables, demographics, and diabetes characteristics.ResultsThree classes emerged: High Decelerating, Mid-High Accelerating, and Near-Optimal Accelerating. Black/African American participants were highly likely to be in the High and Mid-High groups. Higher anticipated adherence difficulties in social situations predicted increased odds of being in the Mid-High versus Near-Optimal HbA1c group. Increased diabetes stress predicted increased odds of being in the High versus Near-Optimal and Mid-High groups.ConclusionsContinuing research on mechanisms behind this health disparity is necessary with more representation from varied racial and ethnic groups. Equal access to diabetes technology and psychosocial treatments are recommended and implications for clinical intervention development are discussed.
A retroperitoneal mass presenting as acute scrotum: a rare presentation and review of the literature
Authors: Alyami Ali , Alkhayal Abdullah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The acute scrotum is defined as a new-onset pain of the intrascrotal contents. The differential diagnosis of acute scrotum includes a variety of etiologies. We report a case of an 18 years old presented with acute scrotal pain with scrotal ultrasound suggestive of testicular torsion, underwent bilateral orchiopexy for suspected testicular torsion. The patient came later with persistent testicular pain. A computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis was done and showed a retroperitoneal mass. We suggest that patients with atypical presentation of the acute scrotum should undergo CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis to rule out retroperitoneal pathologies and referred pain.
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR): Fifty Years of Achievements That Impact Science and Society
Authors: Alving Carl R 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThirty-four historical achievements since 1970 that emanated from scientific research at the Walter Army Institute of Research are identified and documented. Impact areas include vaccines, drug development, and clinical assays to prevent or treat infectious diseases; neuropsychiatric management of warrior performance and combat casualty; blood delivery management; and radiation protection.
Photohadronic modelling of the 2010 gamma-ray flare from Mrk 421
Authors: Rosales de León Alberto , Brown Anthony M , Chadwick Paula M 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Blazars are a subclass of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that have a relativistic jet with a small viewing angle towards the observer. Recent results based on hadronic scenarios have motivated an ongoing discussion of how a blazar can produce high energy neutrinos during a flaring state and which scenario can successfully describe the observed gamma-ray behaviour. Markarian 421 is one of the closest and brightest objects in the extragalactic gamma-ray sky and showed flaring activity over a 14-days period in 2010 March. In this work, we describe the performed analysis of Fermi-LAT data from the source focused on the MeV range (100 MeV–1 GeV), and study the possibility of a contribution coming from the pγ interactions between protons and MeV SSC target photons to fit the very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission. The fit results were compared with two leptonic models (one-zone and two-zone) using the Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) test, which evaluates goodness-of-fit alongside the simplicity of the model. In all cases, the photohadronic model was favoured as a better fit description in comparison to the one-zone leptonic model, and with respect to the two-zone model in the majority of cases. Our results show the potential of a photohadronic contribution to a lepto-hadronic origin of gamma-ray flux of blazars. Future gamma-ray observations above tens of TeV and below 100 MeV in energy will be crucial to test and discriminate between models.