bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and morphological characteristics of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in granulomatous pulmonary diseases
Authors: Semenova A. H. , Makar'yants N. N. , Lepekha L. N. , Shmelev E. I. , Sivokozov I. V. , Dem'yanenko N. G. 
Published: February 2020

The purposeof this study was to determine detection rate and clinical and morphological characteristics of mediastinal lymphadenopathy (ML) in patients with respiratory system sarcoidosis (RSS), disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis (DPT) and exogenic allergic alveolitis (EAA).Materials and Methods.Patients (n= 278) with established diagnosis RSS, DPT, EAA were investigated. The cumulative index parameters were determined, hematology test, assessments of pulmonary function, diffuse lung capacity, diffusion coefficient were performed in all patients. Computed tomography of chest organs and morphologic examination of mediastinal lymph node (LN) biopsy were performed.Results.Subjects with newly diagnosed (n= 72) and recurrent (n= 104) disease were observed among patients with RSS (n= 176). ML was observed in 95% of cases, involved bronchopulmonary, bifurcation, paratracheal and paraaortal groups; dimensions of intrathoracic LN (ITLN) were 20.0 ± 1.9 mm. Epitheliocellular granulomas (EG) without necrosis, not fusing with each other, were established morphologically; they were determined in recurrent disease course in association with background fibrosis. In patients with DPT (n= 41), subacute (n= 28) and chronic (n= 13) disease course was noted. With subacute course of DPT in 28.6% of cases, ML of paratracheal and bifurcation groups (dimensions of ITLN – 13.1 ± 0.3 mm) was observed, with chronic course – the enlargement of paratracheal and bronchopulmonary LN (7.7% of cases). EG with necrosis and tendency to fusion was verified histologically; inflammatory process involved LN capsule and could be spread to fatty tissue. In patients with EAA (n= 76), acute (n= 10), subacute (n= 38) and chronic (n= 28) disease courses were observed. With acute EAA course, hyperplasia of ITLN of bifurcation and tracheo-bronchial groups up to 13.5 ± 0.6 mm was observed in 20% of cases. Follicular hyperplasia with widening and edema of hermintative centers was observed at morphological investigation. With subacute EAA course, increased ITLN in bifurcation and broncho-pulmonary groups up to 13.6 ± 0.6 mm were observed in 46% of cases. Formation of histiocytic-macrophagal granulomas without epithelioid cells and deposit precipitation in the plasma cell aggregation areas was found at morphological evaluation. With chronic EAA, ML in broncho-pulmonary and paratracheal groups was detected in 17.8% of cases (enlargement of LN up to 11 ± 0.9 mm). The formation of diffuse and focal fibrosis and hyalinosis was noted morphologically.Conclusion.ML is observed in all granulomatous pulmonary diseases studied, however its rate and severity, composition of involved ITLN groups and character of morphological changes is different which is possible to use in diagnostics.
Interpretación del desempeño operativo de las pruebas de tamizaje y de diagnóstico de enfermedades en obstetricia y ginecología
Authors: Gaitán-Duarte Hernando , Rubio-Romero Jorge Andrés , Gómez-Chantraine Margarita 
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: explicar tanto los conceptos que subyacen a la evaluación de la validez de una prueba diagnóstica empleada para realizar tamizaje o para confirmar o descartar una enfermedad y aclarar cómo se aplican las características operativas de una prueba diagnóstica para disminuir la incertidumbre acerca de la presencia de la enfermedad para la cual ésta es utilizada.Metodología: a partir de un caso hipotético, se emplean los estimadores del desempeño de una prueba diagnóstica, los conceptos que subyacen a la evaluación e interpretación de las pruebas de tamizaje y de diagnóstico y los métodos propios para evaluar las características operativas. Finalmente, se concluye con la puesta en práctica de los estimadores de validez para resolver un problema planteado.Resultados: los conceptos de la historia natural de la enfermedad, la definición de normalidad, las proporciones y las razones son primordiales para el uso y la interpretación adecuada de las características operativas de una prueba de tamizaje o de diagnóstico. La determinación de la probabilidad preprueba y el conocimiento de la razón de probabilidades positiva y negativa de las pruebas son necesarios para reducir el nivel de incertidumbre en el proceso de diagnóstico.Conclusión: la interpretación adecuada de las características operativas de las pruebas de tamizaje y de diagnóstico es útil para dar solución de manera explícita a los problemas que se enfrentan en la práctica clínica diaria.
A THE FUNCTIONALITY OF THE MIDDLE VALUE OF THE INDONESIAN VERSION OF EMOTIONAL LEARNING INSTRUMENT
Authors: Sulaeman Erwin , Rahayu Wardani , Kamaruddin Erdawaty , Widodo Winona Amanda Tiara , Widodo Winona Amanda Tiara 
Published: February 2020

This article discusses the psychometric validity of the Indonesian version of emotional learning instruments with a scale of five and four response categories. The purpose of this study is to produce an Indonesian version of emotional learning instrument with an effective response category scale used by Indonesians. The instrument is a modification of the scale of the Learning Environment Research Questionnaire on Emotional Climate Classroom. This study is a survey of 1494 responses of 7th and 8th grade junior high school students. Samples were selected by random sampling and based on considerations of schools implementing the 2013 Curriculum. Modification instruments consisting of 43 items were tested in obtaining validity based on item difficulty estimations and psychometric criteria with Rasch modeling. The results of this study indicate that the Andrich threshold validity testing meets the monotonic characteristics and the Standardized Residual Correlation is higher, so the scale of the five response categories is more effective to measure the Indonesian version of emotional learning instruments than the scale of the four response categories.
Keywords: Functionality of middle value, ELVI, Rasch Modeling
Ujian Nasional sebagai Panoptikon Bangsa
Authors: Gianto Gianto 
Published: February 2020

National Examination is the assessment of learning outcomes by the government which aims to assess the achievement of national competency on specific subjects in the group of subjects in science and technology. The results are used as one of the considerations for mapping the program quality or the educational unit, as the basic selection to the next education level, determining students' graduation, and giving scholarship for improving the quality of education. Panopticon was originally a concept of the prison building designed by English philosopher and social theorist Jeremy Bentham in 1785. The design concept was allowing a guard to watch prisoners everywhere. Later, Panopticon not merely architectural designs, but he became a model of community supervision and discipline, which also applied today. National Exam as State Panoptikon is a philosophical concept where the values in National Examination is examined or analyzed using the concepts and values of Panoptikon
The Determination of Partial Pressure Maintenance Performance by Laboratory Flow Tests
Authors: Craig F.F. , Geffen T.M. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, Volume 207, 1956, pages 42–49.

Abstract
Laboratory model flow tests have been made to simulate field conditions of partial pressure maintenance by dispersed gas drive on rocks having sandstone-type porosity. In this production method there is a significant saturation gradient between injection and production wells. A means of calculating relative permeability characteristics from partial pressure maintenance flow tests has been developed. This method takes into account the saturation gradient. These kg/ko characteristics are identical to those for solution and external gas drives. This method of calculation, which has been proved experimentally, has limitations; however, it is valid for cases likely to be encountered in field prediction of partial pressure maintenance performance.
The production performance of a hypothetical reservoir has been calculated for several different injection programs, involving both full and partial pressure maintenance. Results indicate that the maximum oil recovery by these gas injection programs is obtained by full pressure maintenance at the original bubble point. Correspondingly lower oil recoveries are obtained by postponing gas injection and/or by reducing the degree of pressure maintenance.

Introduction
Dispersed gas injection is an important method of recovering additional oil beyond that obtainable by pressure depletion alone. The injected gas acts as a source of additional energy to displace oil from the rock formation as well as to retard oil shrinkage in the reservoir. In practice, gas injection is usually started after the reservoir pressure has fallen below the original bubble point. For various reasons sufficient gas is generally not injected to completely maintain the pressure in the reservoir. So, injecting gas at a declining reservoir pressure results in a combined external and solution gas drive. These two oil displacement processes are characterized by different gross saturation distributions in the reservoir. The external gas drive, like all frontal drive processes, inherently results in an oil saturation which increases from the injection wells to the producing wells. In the solution gas drive there is essentially a uniform oil saturation throughout the reservoir, provided the field is being depleted uniformly.
An Evaluation of a Gas Drive Method for Determining Relative Permeability Relationships
Authors: Owens W.W. , Parrish D.R. , Lamoreaux W.E. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 207, 1956, pages 275–280.

Abstract
Several methods are now being used by the industry for determining the gas-oil flow characteristics of reservoir rock samples. Most of the laboratory experimental methods can be classified either as steady-state, unsteady-state, or Hassler-type tests. Although the validity of the results obtained by any specific method is not questioned, in general, the complexity of these methods leaves much to be desired. This investigation dealt primarily with the development of a simplified unsteady-state (gas drive) laboratory test method for measuring kg/ ko relationships of small core samples. A procedure for selecting uniform and representative sandstone rock samples was developed since it was observed that the reliability of the test results was dependent upon having a sample which was uniform in porosity and permeability. The importance of factors known to influence the results of this type test, such as oil viscosity, gas expansion, and pressure differential were evaluated. The method of calculating the test results was found to give valid data over a wide range of gas expansion. The limits of pressure differential and oil viscosity which would insure reliable results were defined. In comparison with other presently used testing methods, the gas drive method requires considerably less apparatus, is less time consuming, and is more readily adaptable to a routine type core test.
An Extended Analysis of Bottom Water Drive Reservoir Performance
Authors: Hutchinson T.S. , Kemp C.E. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 207, 1956, pages 256–261.

Abstract
The bottom water drive analysis presented by Muskat has been extended to include fields with wider well spacings. Curves are presented from which volumetric sweepout, water-oil ratio, and rate relations may be calculated. The effects of non-unity ratios on sweepout efficiency and productivity decline have been studied by an approximate method. Also, the effect of gravity on volumetric sweepout has been approximated for a particular geometry.

Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to report work done in applying the analysis of bottom water drive reservoirs given by Muskat to a larger class of reservoirs, to extend this analysis to include the effects of gravity and non-unity mobility ratios in an approximate manner, and to investigate the rate of decline of productive capacity.
The bottom water drive type reservoir is one where the oil is underlain by a water zone of sufficient thickness that water movement is essentially vertical. This system is defined in more detail in the appendix and a one well element is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1.
Muskat obtained solutions to the equations describing the volumetric displacement efficiency of idealized bottom water drive systems by assuming that gravity effects due to differences in density between oil and water were negligible and that the mobilities of oil and water were the same. If either of these assumptions is not made, the complexity of the system makes an analytical solution well nigh impossible at the present stage of mathematical development. Coles and Stade developed an approximation to consider these factors. The authors have refined approximations, starting with the same basic assumption, which should give a somewhat quantitative picture of bottom water drive performance when mobilities are not equal and the effects of gravity are not negligible. The results of these approximate calculations can then be used to obtain the decline in well productivity as the field is depleted.
Delayed gastric emptying after pancreatoduodenectomy: comparison between invaginated pancreatogastrostomy and pancreatojejunostomy
Authors: Hayama Satoshi , Senmaru N , Hirano Satoshi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The association between delayed gastric emptying (DGE) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) and pancreatic reconstruction technique remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the occurrence of DGE differs between pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) and pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) .

Methods: A total of 83 patients who underwent subtotal stomach-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy was retrospectively analyzed, and the factors associated with clinically relevant DGE were explored. These patients were divided into a PG group and a PJ group according to the pancreatic reconstruction. DGE occurrence and its association with intra-abdominal complications was compared between the two types of pancreatic reconstruction.

Results: The overall incidence of DGE was 27.7%. Intra-abdominal complications including pancreatic fistula were strongly associated with DGE. As to the pancreatic reconstruction, DGE developed more frequently in the PG than in the PJ. In addition, DGE with intra-abdominal complications tended to be more frequent in PG, despite the fact that intra-abdominal complications occurred at a similar frequency in both groups.

Conclusions: Intra-abdominal complications were strongly associated with DGE. As to the pancreatic reconstruction, DGE developed more frequently in the PG than in the PJ. We speculate that intra-abdominal complications affected patients with PG more and resulted in frequent occurrence of DGE.
Reliability, validity and invariance of the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Agala Chris B. , Fried Bruce J. , Thomas James C. , Reynolds Heidi W. , Lich Kristen Hassmiller , Whetten Kathryn , Zimmer Catherine , Morrissey Joseph P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is critical to the achievement of the third target of the UNAIDS Fast-Track Initiative goals of 2020-2030. Reliable, valid and accurate measurement of adherence are important for correct assessment of adherence and in predicting the efficacy of ART. The Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire is a six-item scale which assesses the perception of persons living with HIV about their adherence to ART. Despite recent widespread use, its measurement properties have yet to be carefully documented beyond the original study in Spain. The objective of this paper was to conduct internal consistency reliability, concurrent validity and measurement invariance tests for the SMAQ. Methods: HIV-positive women who were receiving ART services from 51 service providers in two sub-cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia completed the SMAQ in a HIV treatment referral network study between 2011 and 2012. Two cross-sections of 402 and 524 female patients of reproductive age, respectively, from the two sub-cities were randomly selected and interviewed at baseline and follow-up. We used Cronbach’s coefficient alpha (α) to assess internal consistency reliability, Pearson product-moment correlation (r) to assess concurrent validity and multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis to analyze factorial structure and measurement invariance of the SMAQ.Results: All participants were female with a mean age of 33; median: 34 years; range 18-45 years. Cronbach’s alphas for the six items of the SMAQ were 0.66, 0.68, 0.75 and 0.75 for T1 control, T1 intervention, T2 control, and T2 intervention groups, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.78, 0.49, 0.52, 0.48, 0.76 and 0.80 for items 1 to 6, respectively, between T1 compared to T2. We found invariance for factor loadings, observed item intercepts and factor variances, also known as strong measurement invariance, when we compared latent adherence levels between and across patient-groups. Conclusions: Our results show that the six-item SMAQ scale has adequate reliability and validity indices for this sample, in addition to being invariant across comparison groups. The findings of this study strengthen the evidence in support of the increasing use of SMAQ by interventionists and researchers to examine, pool and compare adherence scores across groups and time periods.
Clinical, genetic and microbiological characterization of pediatric patients with Cystic Fibrosis in a Public Hospital in Ecuador
Authors: Lascano-Vaca Yazmina , Ortiz-Prado Esteban , Gomez-Barreno Lenin , Simbaña-Rivera Katherine , Vasconez Eduardo , Lister Alexander , Arteaga-Espinosa María Emilia , Perez Geovanny F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: To carry out a complete clinical, pathological, genetic and microbiological characterization of pediatric patients with molecular confirmed cystic fibrosis (CF) attending the Carlos Andrade Marín Hospital (HCAM) within the study period. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the pediatric population with a confirmed diagnosis of CF disease who attended HCAM , one of the largest tertiary-level hospitals in Ecuador, between 2017 and 2018 was performed. All demographic, clinical and genetic variables were obtained from the electronic medical records (EMR) stored by the hospital. Results: 47 patients with CF were included in the study. Gender distribution was similar between male (48.9%, n = 23) and female patients (51.1%, n = 24). The Tiffeneau-Pinelli index (FEV 1 /FVC) changed significantly after nine months post-diagnosis (85.55 ± 13.26; p < 0.05). The most common pathogenic genetic variants were F508del, found in 52.78% of the cohort (n = 19); H609R, found in 36.11% (n = 13); g.204099A>C, found in 14.1% (n = 7), followed by G85E and the N1303K with 11.11% (n = 3) each. Conclusions: To our best knowledge, this is the first study exploring the clinical, genetic and bacteriological profile of CF’s patients in Ecuador. Within the cohort of patients, an important and unique genetic feature was characterized by the presence of the g.204099A> C and the c.206359C>A homozygous polymorphism as well as the presence of the H609R variant, a mutation only reported among Ecuadorians.
Clinical Performance Evaluation Of The Idylla™ Egfr Mutation Test On Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Delgado-Garcia Mercedes , Weynand Birgit , Izquierdo Lourdes Gómez , Barrera María José Hernández , Lobo Ángela María Blanco , Rodríguez Mar Varela , Guiu Xavier Matias , Nadal Ernest , Lobo Bélgica Márquez , Alarcão Ana , Casado Enrique de Álava , Biscuola Michele 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground detection of epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) mutations in exons 18-21 is recommended in all patients with advanced Non-small-cell lung carcinoma due to the demonstrated efficiency of the standard therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR mutated patients. Therefore, choosing a suitable technique to test EGFR mutational status is crucial to warrant a valid result in a short turnaround time using the lowest possible amount of tissue material. The Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test is a simple, fast and reliable method designed for the detection of EGFR mutations from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. The aim of this study was the Clinical Performace Evaluation of the Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test on the Idylla™ System. Methods EGFR mutational status was determined on 132 archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections with Idylla™ technology. Results were compared with the results previously obtained by routine method in the reference lab (Therascreen ® EGFR RGQ PCR v2, Qiagen in Molecular Pathology lab, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla). Results the overall agreement between results obtained with the Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test and the Comparator test method was 95.38% (with 1-sided 95% lower limit of 91.7%) showing Positive Diagnostic Agreement of 93.22% and Negative Diagnostic Agreement of 97.18%, with a Limit Of Detection ≤5%. Conclusions the Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test passed its clinical validity performance characteristics for accuracy.
Survey of human and bovine tuberculosis infection on dairy farms in southwestern China
Authors: Zhang Shu , Chen Chuang , Rao Zhengyuan , Yang Aiguo , Guo Li , Hou Wei , Zhang Liang , Yang Xiulan , Liu Yan , Wu Yumei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is a zoonotic chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) that can be transmitted between humans and cattle. The aim of our study was to identify cross-infections of MTBC between humans and cattle on dairy farms in Sichuan Province, southwestern China. Results: We selected 6 large-scale and 5 small-scale dairy farms in Sichuan Province as research sites. A total of 378 dairy farm workers (except one pregnant woman) were screened for tuberculosis symptoms and examined by X-ray. One worker was diagnosed as tuberculosis, though the sputum culture was negative. In total, 99 of 10,224 (0.97%) cows showed positive results for the purified protein derivative (PPD) skin tests. Esophageal-pharyngeal (OP) secretions from PPD-positive cows were cultured and 21 isolates were obtained. Sequences of 16s rDNA, hsp65 and rpoB and 16s-23s rRNA spacer region were amplified and sequenced. BLAST analysis classified these isolates as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) (18 M. nonchromogenicum, 1 M. hiberniae, 1 M. arupense, and 1 M. chitae isolates). Conclusion: This study indicates that the PPD-positive cows in these dairy farms were infected with NTM rather than MTBC. Tuberculosis cross-infection between humans and cows on dairy farms has been well controlled in this region.