bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algebraic hull of maximal measurable cocycles of surface groups into Hermitian Lie groups
Authors: Savini A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFollowing the work of Burger, Iozzi and Wienhard for representations, in this paper we introduce the notion of maximal measurable cocycles of a surface group. More precisely, let $$\mathbf {G}$$
G
be a semisimple algebraic $${\mathbb {R}}$$
R
-group such that $$G=\mathbf {G}({\mathbb {R}})^{\circ }$$

G
=
G

(
R
)

∘

is of Hermitian type. If $$\Gamma \le L$$

Γ
≤
L

is a torsion-free lattice of a finite connected covering of $$\mathrm{PU}(1,1)$$

PU
(
1
,
1
)

, given a standard Borel probability $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-space $$(\Omega ,\mu _\Omega )$$

(
Ω
,

μ
Ω

)

, we introduce the notion of Toledo invariant for a measurable cocycle $$\sigma :\Gamma \times \Omega \rightarrow G$$

σ
:
Γ
×
Ω
→
G

. The Toledo invariant remains unchanged along G-cohomology classes and its absolute value is bounded by the rank of G. This allows to define maximal measurable cocycles. We show that the algebraic hull $$\mathbf {H}$$
H
of a maximal cocycle $$\sigma $$
σ
is reductive and the centralizer of $$H=\mathbf {H}({\mathbb {R}})^{\circ }$$

H
=
H

(
R
)

∘

is compact. If additionally $$\sigma $$
σ
admits a boundary map, then H is of tube type and $$\sigma $$
σ
is cohomologous to a cocycle stabilizing a unique maximal tube type subdomain. This result is analogous to the one obtained for representations. In the particular case $$G=\mathrm{PU}(n,1)$$

G
=
PU
(
n
,
1
)

maximality is sufficient to prove that $$\sigma $$
σ
is cohomologous to a cocycle preserving a complex geodesic. We conclude with some remarks about boundary maps of maximal Zariski dense cocycles.
SUMO modification in apoptosis
Authors: Li Peiyao , Jing Huiru , Wang Yanzhe , Yuan Lei , Xiao Hui , Zheng Qian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractApoptosis and clearance of dead cells is highly evolutionarily conserved from nematode to humans, which is crucial to the growth and development of multicellular organism. Fail to remove apoptotic cells often lead to homeostasis imbalance, fatal autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMOs) modification is a post-translational modification of ubiquitin proteins mediated by the sentrin-specific proteases (SENPs) family. SUMO modification is widely involved in many cellular biological process, and abnormal SUMO modification is also closely related to many major human diseases. Recent researches have revealed that SUMO modification event occurs during apoptosis and clearance of apoptotic cells, and plays an important role in the regulation of apoptotic signaling pathways. This review summarizes some recent progress in the revelation of regulatory mechanisms of these pathways and provides some potential researching hotpots of the SUMO modification regulation to apoptosis.
T-tubule remodeling in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Vitale Giulia , Coppini Raffaele , Tesi Chiara , Poggesi Corrado , Sacconi Leonardo , Ferrantini Cecilia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe highly organized transverse T-tubule membrane system represents the ultrastructural substrate for excitation–contraction coupling in ventricular myocytes. While the architecture and function of T-tubules have been well described in animal models, there is limited morpho-functional data on T-tubules in human myocardium. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary disease of the heart muscle, characterized by different clinical presentations at the various stages of its progression. Most HCM patients, indeed, show a compensated hypertrophic disease (“non-failing hypertrophic phase”), with preserved left ventricular function, and only a small subset of individuals evolves into heart failure (“end stage HCM”). In terms of T-tubule remodeling, the “end-stage” disease does not differ from other forms of heart failure. In this review we aim to recapitulate the main structural features of T-tubules during the “non-failing hypertrophic stage” of human HCM by revisiting data obtained from human myectomy samples. Moreover, by comparing pathological changes observed in myectomy samples with those introduced by acute (experimentally induced) detubulation, we discuss the role of T-tubular disruption as a part of the complex excitation–contraction coupling remodeling process that occurs during disease progression. Lastly, we highlight how T-tubule morpho-functional changes may be related to patient genotype and we discuss the possibility of a primitive remodeling of the T-tubule system in rare HCM forms associated with genes coding for proteins implicated in T-tubule structural integrity, formation and maintenance.
ESMvis: a tool for visualizing individual Experience Sampling Method (ESM) data
Authors: Bringmann Laura F. , van der Veen Date C. , Wichers Marieke , Riese Harriëtte , Stulp Gert 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The experience sampling method (ESM) is used for intensive longitudinal time-series data collection during normal daily life. ESM data give information on momentary affect, activities and (social) context of, for example, patients suffering from mental disorders, and allows for person-specific feedback reports. However, current personalized feedback reports only display a selection of measured variables, and typically involve only summary statistics, thus not reflecting the dynamic fluctuations in affect and its influencing factors. To address this shortcoming, we developed a tool for dynamically visualizing ESM data.

Methods
We introduce a new framework, ESMvis, for giving descriptive feedback, focusing on direct visualization of the dynamic nature of raw data. In this ESM feedback approach, raw ESM data are visualized using R software. We applied ESMvis to data collected for over 52 weeks on a patient diagnosed with an obsessive–compulsive disorder with comorbid depression.

Results
We provided personalized feedback, in which both the overall trajectory and specific time moments were captured in a movie format. Two relapses during the study period could be visually determined, and subsequently confirmed by the therapist. The therapist and patient evaluated ESMvis as an insightful add-on tool to care-as-usual.

Conclusion
ESMvis is a showcase on providing personalized feedback by dynamic visualization of ESM time-series data. Our tool is freely available and adjustable, making it widely applicable. In addition to potential applications in clinical practice, ESMvis can work as an exploratory tool that can lead to new hypotheses and inform more complex statistical techniques.
Hybrid collective intentionality
Authors: Brouwer Thomas , Ferrario Roberta , Porello Daniele 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe theory of collective agency and intentionality is a flourishing field of research, and our understanding of these phenomena has arguably increased greatly in recent years. Extant theories, however, are still ill-equipped to explain certain aspects of collective intentionality. In this article we draw attention to two such underappreciated (and intertwined) aspects: the failure of the intentional states of collectives to supervene on the intentional states of their members, and the role of non-human factors in collective agency and intentionality (‘hybrid’ collective intentionality). We propose a theory of collective intentionality which builds on the ‘interpretationist’ tradition in metasemantics and the philosophy of mind as initiated by David Lewis and recently developed further by Robbie Williams. The collective-level analogue of interpretationism turns out to look different in some ways from the individual-level theory, but is well-suited to accommodating phenomena such as hybrid collective intentionality. Complemented with Kit Fine’s theory of variable embodiment, such a theory also provides a diachronic account of intentional collectives.
The Role of Autoantibodies in Arrhythmogenesis
Authors: Li Jin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The role of autoantibodies in arrhythmogenesis has been the subject of research in recent times. This review focuses on the rapidly expanding field of autoantibody-mediated cardiac arrhythmias.

Recent Findings
Since the discovery of cardiac autoantibodies more than three decades ago, a great deal of effort has been devoted to understanding their contribution to arrhythmias. Different cardiac receptors and ion channels were identified as targets for autoantibodies, the binding of which either initiates a signaling cascade or serves as a biomarker of underlying remodeling process. Consequently, the wide spectrum of heart rhythm disturbances may emerge, ranging from atrial to ventricular arrhythmias as well as conduction diseases, irrespective of concomitant structural heart disease or manifest autoimmune disorder.

Summary
The time has come to acknowledge autoimmune cardiac arrhythmias as a distinct disease entity. Establishing the autoantibody profile of patients will help to develop novel treatment approaches for patients.
Kaskadennutzung von Lignocellulose: LX-Verfahren trifft auf B. coagulans
Authors: Schroedter Linda , Streffer Friedrich , Streffer Katrin , Unger Peter , Venus Joachim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInvestigating alternatives for petrobased substrates, lignocellulose is an interesting yet complex feedstock that offers various possibilities for the design of new and sustainable chemical routes. The novel energy-saving LX-pretreatment was combined with thermophilic Bacillus coagulans. By this, corn straw was used in an innovative cascade obtaining biogas, lignin as well as polymerisable L-(+)-lactic acid of over 99 percents optical purity.
Transhydrogenation of pentane with 1,5- and 2,4-hexadiene over CrOx/Al2O3
Authors: Garba Mustapha D. , Jackson S. David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTranshydrogenation of pentane (P) and 1,5-hexadiene (1,5HD) and pentane and 2,4-hexadiene (2,4HD) was studied over a CrOx/alumina catalyst at 523–773 K. Thermodynamic stability differences between the conjugated (2,4-hexadiene) and non-conjugated (1,5-hexadiene) isomers indicated that transhydrogenation was favoured between pentane and 1,5-hexadiene but not pentane and 2,4-hexadiene (+ ve ∆G). At 773 K a significantly enhanced alkene yield was observed for the P/1,5HD system, clearly showing the effect of transhydrogenation. The yield of alkenes was ~ 50% and included alkylated and isomerized alkenes. Alkylation and isomerization were significant reactions under reaction conditions. Pentane was shown to affect the chemistry of 1,5HD and vice versa with the conversion of pentane significantly enhanced at all reaction temperatures, indicating a molecular interaction between the reactants even when transhydrogenation was not obvious. In contrast, no effect on the conversion of pentane was observed when the co-feed was 2,4HD. An unexpected effect of pentane on 2,4HD conversion was observed, with all reactions of cis-2,4-hexadiene (including alkylation and isomerization) being completely inhibited at low reaction temperatures (573 K and 523 K) by the presence of pentane, suggesting that pentane competes for the same sites as cis-2,4-hexadiene. Transhydrogenation activity between pentane and 1,5-hexadiene was less obvious at the lower reaction temperature, which appeared to be a kinetic effect. Direct hydrogenation of 1,5-hexadiene revealed that 1,5HD sampled the same hydrogen population for hydrogenation and transhydrogenation. Comparisons of transhydrogenation of 1-hexyne, 1,5-hexadiene, and 2,4-hexadiene with pentane have revealed significant differences in the adsorption and reaction chemistry of the three isomers.
On some properties of near-rings
Authors: Al-Shaalan Khalid H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe establish sufficient conditions for 3-prime near-rings to be commutative rings. In particular, for a 3-prime near-ring R with a derivation d, we investigate conditions such as $$d([U,V])\subseteq Z(R)$$

d
(
[
U
,
V
]
)
⊆
Z
(
R
)

, $$d(U)\subseteq Z(R)$$

d
(
U
)
⊆
Z
(
R
)

, $$x_{o}d(R)\subseteq Z(R)$$

x
o

d

(
R
)

⊆
Z

(
R
)

, and $$Ux_{o}\subseteq Z(R)$$

U

x
o

⊆
Z

(
R
)

. As a by-product, we generalize and extend known results related to rings and near-rings. Furthermore, we discuss the converse of a well-known result in rings and near-rings, namely: if $$x\in Z(R)$$

x
∈
Z
(
R
)

, then $$d(x)\in Z(R)$$

d
(
x
)
∈
Z
(
R
)

. In addition, we provide useful examples illustrating our results.
Discrete octonion Fourier transform and the analysis of discrete 3-D data
Authors: Błaszczyk Łukasz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to further develop the theory of octonion Fourier transformations (OFT), but from a different perspective than before. It follows the earlier work by Błaszczyk and Snopek, where they proved a few essential properties of the OFT of real-valued functions of three continuous variables. The research described in this article applies to discrete transformations, i.e. discrete-space octonion Fourier transform (DSOFT) and discrete octonion Fourier transform (DOFT). The described results combine the theory of Fourier transform with the analysis of solutions for difference equations, using for this purpose previous research on algebra of quadruple-complex numbers. This hypercomplex generalization of the discrete Fourier transformation provides an excellent tool for the analysis of 3-D discrete linear time-invariant (LTI) systems and 3-D discrete data.
Improving ductal carcinoma in situ classification by convolutional neural network with exponential linear unit and rank-based weighted pooling
Authors: Zhang Yu-Dong , Satapathy Suresh Chandra , Wu Di , Guttery David S. , Górriz Juan Manuel , Wang Shui-Hua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a pre-cancerous lesion in the ducts of the breast, and early diagnosis is crucial for optimal therapeutic intervention. Thermography imaging is a non-invasive imaging tool that can be utilized for detection of DCIS and although it has high accuracy (~ 88%), it is sensitivity can still be improved. Hence, we aimed to develop an automated artificial intelligence-based system for improved detection of DCIS in thermographs. This study proposed a novel artificial intelligence based system based on convolutional neural network (CNN) termed CNN-BDER on a multisource dataset containing 240 DCIS images and 240 healthy breast images. Based on CNN, batch normalization, dropout, exponential linear unit and rank-based weighted pooling were integrated, along with L-way data augmentation. Ten runs of tenfold cross validation were chosen to report the unbiased performances. Our proposed method achieved a sensitivity of 94.08 ± 1.22%, a specificity of 93.58 ± 1.49 and an accuracy of 93.83 ± 0.96. The proposed method gives superior performance than eight state-of-the-art approaches and manual diagnosis. The trained model could serve as a visual question answering system and improve diagnostic accuracy.
CaCO3-Assisted Preparation of pH-Responsive Immune-Modulating Nanoparticles for Augmented Chemo-Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhu Yujie , Yang Zhijuan , Dong Ziliang , Gong Yimou , Hao Yu , Tian Longlong , Yang Xianzhu , Liu Zhuang , Feng Liangzhu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDue to the negative roles of tumor microenvironment (TME) in compromising therapeutic responses of various cancer therapies, it is expected that modulation of TME may be able to enhance the therapeutic responses during cancer treatment. Herein, we develop a concise strategy to prepare pH-responsive nanoparticles via the CaCO3-assisted double emulsion method, thereby enabling effective co-encapsulation of both doxorubicin (DOX), an immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducer, and alkylated NLG919 (aNLG919), an inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). The obtained DOX/aNLG919-loaded CaCO3 nanoparticles (DNCaNPs) are able to cause effective ICD of cancer cells and at the same time restrict the production of immunosuppressive kynurenine by inhibiting IDO1. Upon intravenous injection, such DNCaNPs show efficient tumor accumulation, improved tumor penetration of therapeutics and neutralization of acidic TME. As a result, those DNCaNPs can elicit effective anti-tumor immune responses featured in increased density of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cytotoxic T cells as well as depletion of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs), thus effectively suppressing the growth of subcutaneous CT26 and orthotopic 4T1 tumors on the Balb/c mice through combined chemotherapy & immunotherapy. This study presents a compendious strategy for construction of pH-responsive nanoparticles, endowing significantly enhanced chemo-immunotherapy of cancer by overcoming the immunosuppressive TME.
The statistical power of individual-level risk preference estimation
Authors: Monroe Brian Albert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAccurately estimating risk preferences is of critical importance when evaluating data from many economic experiments or strategic interactions. I use a simulation model to conduct power analyses over two lottery batteries designed to classify individual subjects as being best explained by one of a number of alternative specifications of risk preference models. I propose a case in which there are only two possible alternatives for classification and find that the statistical methods used to classify subjects result in type I and type II errors at rates far beyond traditionally acceptable levels. These results suggest that subjects in experiments must make significantly more choices, or that traditional lottery pair batteries need to be substantially redesigned to make accurate inferences about the risk preference models that characterize a subject’s choices.
I-support soft arm for assistance tasks: a new manufacturing approach based on 3D printing and characterization
Authors: Arleo Luca , Stano Gianni , Percoco Gianluca , Cianchetti Matteo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSoft robotics is an emerging scientific field well known for being widespread employed in several applications where dexterity and safe interaction are of major importance. In particular, a very challenging scenario in which it is involved concerns bio-medical field. In the last few years, several soft robotic devices have been developed to assist elderly people in daily tasks. In this paper, the authors present a new manufacturing approach for the fabrication of I-SUPPORT, a soft arm used to help needful people during shower activities. The proposed I-SUPPORT version, based on pneumatic and cable-driven actuation, is manufactured using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), the most common and inexpensive Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology. The advantages offered by FFF technology compared to traditional manufacturing methods regard: (i) the possibility to increase the automation degree of the process by reducing manual tasks, (ii) the decrease of assembly operations and (iii) an improvement in terms of supply chain. Moreover, the constitutive I-SUPPORT elements have been printed separately to save time, reduce materials and optimize the waste in case of failure. Afterwards, the proposed soft robotic arm has been tested to evaluate the performances and of the chambers, module and the whole I-SUPPORT manipulator.
Towards speech quality assessment using a crowdsourcing approach: evaluation of standardized methods
Authors: Naderi Babak , Zequeira Jiménez Rafael , Hirth Matthias , Möller Sebastian , Metzger Florian , Hoßfeld Tobias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSubjective speech quality assessment has traditionally been carried out in laboratory environments under controlled conditions. With the advent of crowdsourcing platforms tasks, which need human intelligence, can be resolved by crowd workers over the Internet. Crowdsourcing also offers a new paradigm for speech quality assessment, promising higher ecological validity of the quality judgments at the expense of potentially lower reliability. This paper compares laboratory-based and crowdsourcing-based speech quality assessments in terms of comparability of results and efficiency. For this purpose, three pairs of listening-only tests have been carried out using three different crowdsourcing platforms and following the ITU-T Recommendation P.808. In each test, listeners judge the overall quality of the speech sample following the Absolute Category Rating procedure. We compare the results of the crowdsourcing approach with the results of standard laboratory tests performed according to the ITU-T Recommendation P.800. Results show that in most cases, both paradigms lead to comparable results. Notable differences are discussed with respect to their sources, and conclusions are drawn that establish practical guidelines for crowdsourcing-based speech quality assessment.
Numerical evidences of almost convergence of wave speeds for the Burridge–Knopoff model
Authors: Mascia C. , Moschetta P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with the numerical approximation of a stick–slip system, known in the literature asBurridge–Knopoff model, proposed as a simplified description of the mechanisms generating earthquakes. Modelling of friction is crucial and we consider here the so-called velocity-weakening form. The aim of the article is twofold. Firstly, we establish the effectiveness of the classicalPredictor–Corrector strategy. To our knowledge, such approach has never been applied to the model under investigation. In the first part, we determine the reliability of the proposed strategy by comparing the results with a collection of significant computational tests, starting from the simplest configuration to the more complicated (and more realistic) ones, with the numerical outputs obtained by different algorithms. Particular emphasis is laid on the Gutenberg–Richter statistical law, a classical empirical benchmark for seismic events. The second part is inspired by the result by Muratov (Phys Rev 59:3847–3857, 1999) providing evidence for the existence of traveling solutions for a corresponding continuum version of the Burridge–Knopoff model. In this direction, we aim to find some appropriate estimate for the crucial object describing the wave, namely itspropagation speed. To this aim, motivated by LeVeque and Yee (J Comput Phys 86:187–210, 1990) (a paper dealing with the different topic of conservation laws), we apply a space-averaged quantity (which depends on time) for determining asymptotically an explicit numerical estimate for the velocity, which we decide to nameLeVeque–Yee formulaafter the authors’ name of the original paper. As expected, for the Burridge–Knopoff, due to its inherent discontinuity of the process, it is not possible to attach to a single seismic event any specific propagation speed. More regularity is expected by performing some temporal averaging in the spirit of theCesàro mean. In this direction, we observe the numerical evidence of thealmost convergenceof the wave speeds for the Burridge–Knopoff model of earthquakes.
The interrelation between data and AI ethics in the context of impact assessments
Authors: Kazim Emre , Koshiyama Adriano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the growing literature on artificial intelligence (AI) impact assessments, the literature on data protection impact assessments is heavily referenced. Given the relative maturity of the data protection debate and that it has translated into legal codification, it is indeed a natural place to start for AI. In this article, we anticipate directions in what we believe will become a dominant and impactful forthcoming debate, namely, how to conceptualise the relationship between data protection and AI impact. We begin by discussing the value canvas i.e. the ethical principles that underpin data and AI ethics, and discuss how these are instantiated in the context of value trade-offs when the ethics are applied. Following this, we map three kinds of relationships that can be envisioned between data and AI ethics, and then close with a discussion of asymmetry in value trade-offs when privacy and fairness are concerned.