bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of association of native and exotic boring polychaetes on the southeastern Pacific coast of Chile: the combined importance of negative, positive and random interactions
Authors: Neill Paula E. , Rozbaczylo Nicolás , Villaseñor-Parada Cristóbal , Guzmán-Rendón Garen , Sampértegui Sandra , Hernández Cristián E. 
Published: April 2020

Background
Studies of biological invasions focus on negative interactions between exotic and native biotas, emphasizing niche overlap between species and competitive exclusion. However, the effects of positive interactions and coexistence are poorly known. In this study we evaluate the importance of positive, negative, or random species associations in explaining the coexistence of native and exotic boring polychaetes inhabiting invertebrate hosts, on the southeastern Pacific coast of Chile. We assess three hypotheses to explain the observed patterns: positive species interactions, weak competitive interactions, and competitive intransitivity.

Methodology
To assess the potential effect of competition between native and exotic polychaetes we analyzed patterns of co-occurrence of species pairs in northern and southern regions, using the metric of the probabilistic model. Since biotic interactions can affect not only native species, we also evaluated correlations between native and exotic polychaete abundance, using reduced major axis regression linear models. To assess the transitivity of competitive hierarchies we used metrics and analytical methods based on abundance matrices to estimate species competition and patch transition matrices.

Results
On average 50% of the species pairs presented significant weak negative associations, all associated with the exotic species Polydora rickettsi; the remaining 50% had random associations, and none showed positive associations. However, the relationship of abundance between native and exotic boring polychates supports a tendency towards coexistence. At local and regional scales, we observed the presence of a transitive network competition structure, where the exotic boring polychaete, P. rickettsi was generally the dominant species.

Conclusions
Our results support that native and exotic boring polychaete species coexist through weak competitive interactions. Nevertheless, the large number of random interactions observed indicates that species coexistence can be accounted for by stochastic processes, as proposed by neutral theory. Coexistence may be a frequent result of interactions between native and exotic species, although less apparent than competitive exclusion. Thus, the probabilistic point-of-view used here provides a statistical tool for evaluating coexistence as a result of exotic and native species’ interactions, an idea which has been proposed in invasion ecology, but largely lacks empirical support and methodologies for detecting underlying mechanisms. Finally, we found evidence that P. rickettsi is a successful invader by being competitively dominant, but not excluding other species.
Dietary squid paste supplementation promotes feed intake via brain-gut dynamic response in Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis
Authors: Sun Cunxin , Qian Yu , Liu Wenbin , Xu Weina , Wang Kaizhou , Liu Bo 
Published: April 2020

Background
As the primary source of protein for aquaculture, fishmeal has reached the extremity of sustainable development, our previous studies have proven that rice protein concentrate and squid paste are outstanding protein source and stimulant for Pelodiscus sinensis. However, little attention has been given to the molecular mechanism of the appetite modulated by the dietary nutrient factor, especially for a reptile. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate feed intake and brain-gut dynamic responses to dietary rice protein concentrate and squid paste in Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis.

Methods
Three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic practical diets were formulated including 60% fishmeal (CT), 42% fishmeal + 18% rice protein concentrate (RP) and 42% fishmeal + 18% rice protein concentrate + 1% squid paste (RPS), respectively. Microcapsule lysine was supplemented in RP and RPS diets to balance the amino acid profile. Turtles (initial weight 30.65 ± 0.97 g) were fed three times daily to apparent satiation. After the 8-week feeding trial, the turtles were exposed to 48h food deprivation, then the dynamic expression of the orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides were measured.

Results
The results showed that no significant effect was observed on feed intake when fishmeal was replaced by rice protein concentrate (P = 0.421), while significantly improved feed intake was found by squid paste supplemented (P = 0.02). The mRNA expression of anorexigenic peptides, such as leptin receptor, insulin receptor, pro-opiomelanocortin, cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript, cholecystokinin (and its receptor) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor in the brain increased significantly at 3 h past feeding (P < 0.05), and then decreased. Nevertheless, neuropeptide Y and peptide YY mRNA expression showed the valley at 3h and peak at 12h past feeding. Intestinal cholecystokinin receptor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor mRNA expression showed no difference during the postprandial time (P > 0.05). The results suggested that squid paste is an outstanding stimulant for Pelodiscus sinensis. Furthermore, the orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides evaluated here might play an essential role in short-term fasting to this species, of which the dynamic expression levels were regulated by squid paste.
Relationship between Profile of the Farmers and Their Attitude towards Sustainable Agricultural Practices
Authors: Deshmukh J. M. , Dhawale S. P. , Kanade S. V. 
Published: April 2020

The present study was conducted in Latur district from Marathwada region of Maharashtra state during the years 2018-19. Three talukas viz., Latur, Ausa and Renapur of Latur District were selected randomly and four villages from each taluka were selected randomly. From each village ten members were randomly selected constituting the sample size 120. A number of profile characteristics were selected as independent variables to find out profile of farmers from the study area. All profile characteristics, age, education, family size, annual income, social participation, extension contacts, sources of information, knowledge level were found in medium category while majority of the respondents were having marginal land holding. It was observed from that variables like age and family size had found to be non-significant relationship with attitude of farmers towards sustainable agricultural practices. Variables like education, land holding, annual income, social participation and extension contact found to be positive and significant relationship with attitude of farmers towards sustainable agricultural practices. Variables like source of information and knowledge had positive and highly significant relationship with attitude of farmers towards sustainable agricultural practices.
Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (Glomus clarum) and Compost on Early Growth Response of Parkia biglobosa under a Greenhouse Condition
Authors: Musa F. B. , Sulaiman O. N. , Olayiwola V. A. , Abiodun F. O. , Agbo-Adediran O. A. 
Published: April 2020

Background and Objective: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) plays a role in the structural stability of soil which governs most soil activities. Stable organic manure such as compost may provide a suitable habitat and energy source for mycorrhizal growth, which is also a benefits in view of soil productivity. The impact of a combination of compost and mycorrhizal on plant growth was assessed in this study. Hence, experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of compost and mycorrhizalon the early growth response of Parkia biglobosa under a greenhouse condition.
Materials and Methods: In the greenhouse of the Department of Bioscience, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria. A 2 × 5 factorial experiment in a complete randomized design was conducted; two levels of mycorrhizal (with and without); five levels of compost (10t/ha, 20t/ha, 30t/ha, 40t/ha and no amendments) in two (2) kilogram soil under four (4) replications was set up. Laboratory analyses of soil and organic amendment incorporated in the soil were done. Data on growth variables were taken fortnightly. The data was statistically analyzed and mean were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Results: The results showed that, there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the plant height of Parkia biglobosa between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants across all weeks after transplanting (WAT),compost application with the interaction of AMF at 40 t/harecorded the highest plant height and number of leaves at 16WAT with 35.14 cm and 29.75 respectively, which are relatively comparable to other treatments used, the least plant height and number of leaves were observed when -AMF 0 t/ha ( control) was used as an amendment with 23.00 cm and AMF 0t/ha (15.05) respectively. For collar diameter, all the treatments were comparable to one another except + AMF 30t/ha which produced the lowest collar diameter with mean value of 2.97mm.
Conclusion: Based on the description of results above, it can be concluded that: The Inoculation of the AMF and compost significantly affect the early growth performance of Parkia biglobosa, thus providing optimum soil physical conditions for it growth.
Prescribing Trends of Amlodipine in Outpatient Setting
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: April 2020

Aim: This study aims to illustrate the Prescribing Trends of Amlodipine in Outpatient Setting in Al-Kharj city.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study that was conducted in a public hospital in Alkharj city. The outpatient prescriptions were reviewed to evaluate the prescription patterns of Amlodipine. The data were collected and analyzed using Excel software, the descriptive data were represented by frequencies and percentages.
Results: The majority of amlodipine prescriptions were for patients more than 40 years old. The most prescribed departments were internal medicine followed by emergency and cardiology department. Amlodipine was mainly prescribed by resident physicians.
Conclusion: Amlodipine is one of the most prescribed antihypertensive drugs. It is prescribed mainly by residents, many of them without sufficient experiences. This may lead to inappropriate prescribing patterns, as a result more efforts needed to increase the knowledge of prescribers regarding the appropriate use of cardiovascular medicines including amlodipine.
Regaining access to marginal knowledge in a classroom setting
Authors: Butler Andrew C. , Black‐Maier Allison C. , Campbell Kathryn , Marsh Elizabeth J. , Persky Adam M. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryStudents learn large amounts of information, but not all of it is remembered after courses end – meaning that valuable class time is often spent reviewing background material. Crucially, laboratory research suggests different strategies will be effective when reactivating previously learned information (i.e. marginal knowledge), as opposed to learning new information. In two experiments, we evaluated whether these laboratory results translated to the classroom. Topics from prior courses were tested to document which information students could no longer retrieve. Half were assigned to a not‐tested control and half to the intervention; for these topics, students answered multiple‐choice questions (without feedback) that gave them the chance to recognize the information they had failed to retrieve. Weeks later, students completed a final assessment on all topics. Crucially, multiple‐choice testing increased the retrieval of previously forgotten information, providing the first classroom demonstration of the reactivation of marginal knowledge.
External Validation of a Risk Score for Major Toxicity Among Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drug Users: Real‐World Application
Authors: Solomon Daniel H. , Paynter Nina P. , Guan Hongshu , Kremer Joel M. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveWe previously derived and validated a risk score for major nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) toxicity over 1 year among NSAID users in a randomized controlled trial. This work was extended to examine the risk score's performance in an external population using real‐world data.MethodsPatients enrolled in the Corrona Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Registry were included if they initiated use of an NSAID. We defined the original risk factors previously identified in the risk score for major NSAID toxicity: age; male sex; history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes; tobacco use; statin use; elevated serum creatinine and hematocrit values; and RA. Additionally, we defined the occurrence of major toxicity, including major adverse cardiovascular events, acute kidney injury, significant gastrointestinal events, and mortality. The original risk factors were assessed in Cox regression examining discrimination and calibration. Low (less than 1%), intermediate (1%‐4%), and high (more than 4%) risk categories for 1‐year risk were applied to the population.ResultsA total of 5231 patients from Corrona who had a new NSAID exposure period were included. The original risk score model showed good discrimination (C‐index 0.70). Not all of the original variables were statistically significant in real‐world data. Using the original risk score weights, 1363 (26.1%) patients had predicted risk of less than 1%, 3571 (68.3%) had predicted risk of 1% to 4%, and 297 (5.7%) had predicted risk of more than 4%.ConclusionThe original NSAID major toxicity risk score demonstrated good model fit characteristics in this external real‐world cohort. These results suggest that such a risk score is valid in typical practice and could be considered for clinical care.
Separable multi‐innovation stochastic gradient estimation algorithm for the nonlinear dynamic responses of systems
Authors: Xu Ling , Ding Feng , Wan Lijuan , Sheng Jie 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis article is concerned with the parameter identification problem of nonlinear dynamic responses for the linear time‐invariant system by means of an impulse excitation signal and discrete observation data. Using the impulse signal as the input, the impulse response experiment is carried out and the dynamical moving sampling is designed to generate the measured data for deriving new identification algorithms. By applying the moving window data that contain the dynamical information of the system to be identified, an objective function with respect to the parameters of the systems is constructed according to the impulse response. In accordance with different functional relations between the system parameters and the system output response, the unknown parameter vector of the system is separated into a linear parameter vector and a nonlinear parameter vector. Based on the separated parameter vectors, two subidentification models are constructed and a separable identification algorithm is presented through the gradient search to improve the accuracy. Moreover, for the purpose of enhancing the estimation accuracy and capturing the dynamical feature of the systems, the moving window data are employed to develop the separable identification algorithm. The performance of the proposed separable identification method is illustrated via a numerical example.
Stabilization and Topical Skin Delivery of Framework Nucleic Acids using Ionic Liquids
Authors: Tanner Eden E. L. , Wiraja Christian , Curreri Christina A. , Xu Chenjie , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFramework nucleic acids (FNAs) are emerging nanocarriers owing to their inherent biocompatibility, precise assembly, and inherent compatibility with NA therapeutics. Topical administration of FNAs promises gene therapy of skin diseases. However, their stabilization and delivery efficiency across the stratum corneum remain a challenge. This work reports the use of choline carboxylic acid‐based ionic liquids to simultaneously address these two hurdles. First, the FNAs are assembled and solvated, and their structural stability is confirmed using fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and gel electrophoresis. Of the six formulations tested, choline octenoate exhibits the best stabilizing properties at room temperature. Additionally, this formulation successfully transports FNAs into the lower dermis region in intact, ex vivo porcine skin.
Nanovortex‐Driven All‐Dielectric Optical Diffusion Boosting and Sorting Concept for Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Platforms
Authors: Canós Valero Adrià , Kislov Denis , Gurvitz Egor A. , Shamkhi Hadi K. , Pavlov Alexander A. , Redka Dmitrii , Yankin Sergey , Zemánek Pavel , Shalin Alexander S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ever‐growing field of microfluidics requires precise and flexible control over fluid flows at reduced scales. Current constraints demand a variety of controllable components to carry out several operations inside microchambers and microreactors. In this context, brand‐new nanophotonic approaches can significantly enhance existing capabilities providing unique functionalities via finely tuned light−matter interactions. A concept is proposed, featuring dual on‐chip functionality: boosted optically driven diffusion and nanoparticle sorting. High‐index dielectric nanoantennae is specially designed to ensure strongly enhanced spin−orbit angular momentum transfer from a laser beam to the scattered field. Hence, subwavelength optical nanovortices emerge driving spiral motion of plasmonic nanoparticles via the interplay between curl−spin optical forces and radiation pressure. The nanovortex size is an order of magnitude smaller than that provided by conventional beam‐based approaches. The nanoparticles mediate nanoconfined fluid motion enabling moving‐part‐free nanomixing inside a microchamber. Moreover, exploiting the nontrivial size dependence of the curled optical forces makes it possible to achieve precise nanoscale sorting of gold nanoparticles, demanded for on‐chip separation and filtering. Altogether, a versatile platform is introduced for further miniaturization of moving‐part‐free, optically driven microfluidic chips for fast chemical analysis, emulsion preparation, or chemical gradient generation with light‐controlled navigation of nanoparticles, viruses or biomolecules.
Shifting the odds of dryland farming: The career of B.A. Stewart
Authors: Evett Steven R. , Steiner Jean L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRaised on a small dairy farm in semi‐arid western Oklahoma, Dr. B.A. Stewart was involved in agricultural challenges at an early age. Attending Oklahoma A&M College in Stillwater, he became enthralled by the power of chemistry and biology to address agricultural problems. He began a soil science career, first in Stillwater and later with the then new USDA Agricultural Research Service in Fort Collins, CO. Working on nitrogen pollution from feedlots, he developed new nitrogen assay methods, became involved in environmental work, and assisted in focusing the early work of the Environmental Protection Agency. In 1963, Stewart became Director of the USDA ARS Laboratory at Bushland, TX, where he developed programs in nitrogen and phosphorus management in dryland and irrigated agriculture, became a recognized proponent of soil and water conservation, worked with the beef cattle industry, and developed programs in dryland and irrigated cropping systems, including evapotranspiration measurement and modeling. Stewart became involved internationally through his work with USAID and ICARDA, service as Editor‐in‐Chief for the SSSA Journal, and editing of the book series, Advances in Soil Science, from 1985 to 2018. This led to the 1988 International Conference on Dryland Farming at Bushland. The 460 participants from 52 countries and 36 states defined the challenges in research and policy to develop future successful dryland farming. In 1993, Stewart retired from USDA ARS and became the first director of the Dryland Agriculture Institute at West Texas A&M University, teaching and researching with 74 successful M.S. and Ph.D. students over 24 years.
Acute mitral valve regurgitation causing severe alveolar hemorrhage
Authors: Sakamoto Ayaka , Enomoto Yuki , Watabe Hiroaki , Koyama Yasuaki , Matsumoto Yukei , Shimojo Nobutake , Marushima Aiki , Kawano Satoru , Inoue Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundAcute mitral regurgitation could occur without common symptoms like hemodynamic instability, but with dyspnea, hemoptysis, and right‐sided infiltration on radiography. We report a case of severe alveolar hemorrhage caused by acute mitral regurgitation, which occurred in the absence of shock.Case PresentationA 40‐year‐old man presented with dyspnea with bloody phlegm and hypoxia, despite being hemodynamically stable. Chest radiography revealed right‐sided infiltration, and bronchoscopy showed fresh bloody phlegm in his tracheae. No specific findings were detected with any tests. After treatment with several medications and support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, his condition improved, although the etiology of the disease remained unknown. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram revealed severe mitral valve regurgitation with ruptured mitral chordae tendineae. These suggested that the sudden onset of mitral valve regurgitation had caused severe alveolar hemorrhage.ConclusionSevere alveolar hemorrhage, especially with right‐sided infiltration on chest radiography, should be considered a symptom of acute mitral regurgitation.
Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Outcome Predictors in Pediatric Anti–N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis
Authors: Bartels Frederik , Krohn Stephan , Nikolaus Marc , Johannsen Jessika , Wickström Ronny , Schimmel Mareike , Häusler Martin , Berger Andrea , Breu Markus , Blankenburg Markus , Stoffels Johannes , Hendricks Oliver , Bernert Günther , Kurlemann Gerd , Knierim Ellen , Kaindl Angela , Rostásy Kevin , Finke Carsten 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate disease symptoms, and clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and to perform longitudinal volumetric MRI analyses in a European multicenter cohort of pediatric anti–N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) patients.MethodsWe studied 38 children with NMDARE (median age = 12.9 years, range =1–18) and a total of 82 MRI scans for volumetric MRI analyses compared to matched healthy controls. Mixed‐effect models and brain volume z scores were applied to estimate longitudinal brain volume development. Ordinal logistic regression and ordinal mixed models were used to predict disease outcome and severity.ResultsInitial MRI scans showed abnormal findings in 15 of 38 (39.5%) patients, mostly white matter T2/fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensities. Volumetric MRI analyses revealed reductions of whole brain and gray matter as well as hippocampal and basal ganglia volumes in NMDARE children. Longitudinal mixed‐effect models and z score transformation showed failure of age‐expected brain growth in patients. Importantly, patients with abnormal MRI findings at onset were more likely to have poor outcome (Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category score > 1, incidence rate ratio = 3.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31–9.31, p = 0.012) compared to patients with normal MRI. Ordinal logistic regression models corrected for time from onset confirmed abnormal MRI at onset (odds ratio [OR] = 9.90, 95% CI = 2.51–17.28, p = 0.009), a presentation with sensorimotor deficits (OR = 13.71, 95% CI = 2.68–24.73, p = 0.015), and a treatment delay > 4 weeks (OR = 5.15, 95% CI = 0.47–9.82, p = 0.031) as independent predictors of poor clinical outcome.InterpretationChildren with NMDARE exhibit significant brain volume loss and failure of age‐expected brain growth. Abnormal MRI findings, a clinical presentation with sensorimotor deficits, and a treatment delay > 4 weeks are associated with worse clinical outcome. These characteristics represent promising prognostic biomarkers in pediatric NMDARE. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:148–159