bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of biobased and nanotechnology packaging – a review
Authors: Lindström Tom , Österberg Folke 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This review deals with the evolution of bio-based packaging and the emergence of various nanotechnologies for primary food packaging. The end-of life issues of packaging is discussed and particularly the environmental problems associated with microplastics in the marine environment, which serve as a vector for the assimilation of persistent organic pollutants in the oceans and are transported into the food chain via marine and wild life. The use of biodegradable polymers has been a primary route to alleviate these environmental problems, but for various reasons the market has not developed at a sufficient pace that would cope with the mentioned environmental issues. Currently, the biodegradable plastics only constitute a small fraction of the fossil-based plastic market. Fossil-based plastics are, however, indispensable for food safety and minimization of food waste, and are not only cheap, but has generally more suitable mechanical and barrier properties compared to biodegradable polymers. More recently, various nanotechnologies such as the use of nanoclays, nanocellulose, layer-by-layer technologies and polyelectrolyte complexes have emerged as viable technologies to make oxygen and water vapor barriers suitable for food packaging. These technological developments are highlighted as well as issues like biodegradation, recycling, legislation issues and safety and toxicity of these nanotechnologies.
Superior Fe
x
N electrocatalyst derived from 1,1′-diacetylferrocene for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline and acidic media
Authors: Jiang Hunan , Li Jinyang , Liang Mengni , Deng Hanpeng , Zhou Zuowan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Although Fe–N/C catalysts have received increasing attention in recent years for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), it is still challenging to precisely control the active sites during the preparation. Herein, we report Fe
x
N@RGO catalysts with the size of 2–6 nm derived from the pyrolysis of graphene oxide and 1,1′-diacetylferrocene as C and Fe precursors under the NH3/Ar atmosphere as N source. The 1,1′-diacetylferrocene transforms to Fe3O4 at 600°C and transforms to Fe3N and Fe2N at 700°C and 800°C, respectively. The as-prepared Fe
x
N@RGO catalysts exhibited superior electrocatalytic activities in acidic and alkaline media compared with the commercial 10% Pt/C, in terms of electrochemical surface area, onset potential, half-wave potential, number of electrons transferred, kinetic current density, and exchange current density. In addition, the stability of FGN-8 also outperformed commercial 10% Pt/C after 10000 cycles, which demonstrates the as-prepared Fe
x
N@RGO as durable and active ORR catalysts in acidic media.
Finite element analysis of natural fibers composites: A review
Authors: Alhijazi Mohamad , Zeeshan Qasim , Qin Zhaoye , Safaei Babak , Asmael Mohammed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNatural fiber composites (NFCs) also termed as biocomposites offer an alternative to the existing synthetic fiber composites, due to their advantages such as abundance in nature, relatively low cost, lightweight, high strength-to-weight ratio, and most importantly their environmental aspects such as biodegradability, renewability, recyclability, and sustainability. Researchers are investigating in depth the properties of NFC to identify their reliability and accessibility for being involved in aircrafts, automotive, marine, sports’ equipment, and other engineering fields. Modeling and simulation (M&S) of NFCs is a valuable method that contributes in enhancing the design and performance of natural fibers composite. Recently many researchers have applied finite element analysis to analyze NFCs’ characteristics. This article aims to present a comprehensive review on recent developments in M&S of NFCs through classifying the research according to the analysis type, NFC type, model type, simulation platform and parameters, and research outcomes, shedding the light on the main applicable theories and methods in this area, aiming to let more experts know the current research status and also provide some guidance for relevant researches.
Assessment of yield components of some cassava (Manihot esculentaCrantz) genotypes using multivariate analysis such as path coefficients
Authors: Njoku Damian Ndubuisi , Mbah Emmanuel Ukaobasi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCassava, which is a tropical storage root crop, serves as a veritable source of carbohydrate for people living in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is also an important source of industrial starch, biopolymers, animal feeds and ethanol. However, the genetic improvement of the crop is impeded by dearth in information on its genetic variability. A field experiment was carried out at the National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike (05° 29′ N; 07° 33′ E; 122 m a.s.l.), Nigeria, aimed at assessing the interrelationship between fresh root yield and thirteen quantitative yield-related characters of twenty-eight (28) newly developed cassava genotypes. The rain-fed experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with dual replications in 2016/2017 cropping seasons. The results indicated that the newly developed cassava genotypes [2] NR110315 followed by [20] B1-5 and [1] NR110238 exhibited (P< 0.05) highest fresh root yield among the twenty-eight genotypes tested. The fresh root yield of [2] NR110315 (18.77 Mt ha−1) was relatively higher compared with [18] NR050080, which gave the least root yield of 5.38 Mt ha−1. The correlation coefficients obtained from the associations among the variables were positive and exhibited highly significant (P≤ 0.01) association, especially between leaf area index (LAI) and root diameter as well as with fresh root yield of cassava. Among the nine variables subjected to the path analysis, LAI, starch content, above ground dry matter (AGDM), weight of fresh marketable roots per plant and root length that contributed positively and directly to higher fresh root yield require greater attention during selection and breeding in cassava studies. The direct effect of the variables indicating their magnitudes in decreasing order showed that LAI exhibited the greatest effect followed by starch content, AGDM, weight of fresh marketable roots plant−1, root length, % cassava bacterial blight incidence and % Cassava mosaic disease incidence, which had the lowest direct effect on root yield of cassava. Cyanide potential exhibited a direct, weak and negative effect on fresh root yield. The results further suggested that cassava improvement could be achieved through these characters that have positive and highly significant magnitude effect on fresh root yield.
Präventionspolitik – Nicht nur ein Themenfeld für das Gesundheitsressort
Authors: Arnold Laura , Mörschel Katharina , Suffel Anne , von Philipsborn Peter 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Effektive Gesundheitsförderungs- und Präventionsmaßnahmen adressieren übergeordnete, strukturelle Risikofaktoren übertragbarer wie nichtübertragbarer Krankheiten. Diese sind zumeist außerhalb des Gesundheitssektors verortet und erfordern einen Health in All Policies (HiAP) Ansatz. Die weltweite Ausbreitung des SARS-CoV-2-Virus verdeutlicht die Notwendigkeit einer ressortübergreifenden Präventionspolitik mit klarer HiAP-Perspektive und politisch institutioneller Verankerung.
Global Health needs more than International Health Regulations – the case of Covid-19
Authors: Razum Oliver , Bozorgmehr Kayvan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The International Health Regulations are a legally binding instrument which should support WHO in coordinating pandemic control. Covid-19 has demonstrated the limits of international cooperation in pandemics. An even broader Global Health approach would be needed that focusses not only on controlling outbreaks, but acknowledges societal expectations and implements Health in All Policies.
HiAP nach COVID-19: Eine Zukunftsperspektive des Nachwuchsnetzwerk Öffentliche Gesundheit
Authors: Arnold Laura , Drees Simon , Geffert Karin , Gepp Sophie , Jung Laura , Kerstin Sell , Jan M. Stratil 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Im diesem Artikel diskutieren Mitglieder des Nachwuchsnetzwerkes Öffentliche Gesundheit über Chancen und Herausforderungen einer gesundheitsförderlichen Gesamtpolitik, im Sinne von Health in All Policies (HiAP), angesichts der aktuellen COVID-19-Pandemie. Dabei werden unterschiedliche Perspektiven, vom Zusammenwirken verschiedener Politikbereiche, bis hin zum Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst, skizziert.
Die Public Health-Strategie Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Roller Gottfried , Wuthe Jürgen 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die Herausforderungen unseres Gesundheitssystems erfordern einen langfristigen gesundheitspolitischen Ansatz und eine Stärkung des öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (ÖGD). Mit einer Gesundheitsstrategie und der Weiterentwicklung des ÖGD hat Baden-Württemberg frühzeitig auf diese Entwicklungen reagiert. Dennoch zeigt die aktuelle Situation (COVID-19-Pandemie), dass der ÖGD strukturell und inhaltlich weiter- entwickelt werden muss.
Die zehn zentralen Aufgaben für die öffentliche Gesundheit (EPHO) berühren fast alle Politikfelder
Authors: Jakubowski Elke 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die WHO hat im Jahre 2012 zehn zentrale Aufgaben für die öffentliche Gesundheit (EPHO) definiert. Bis ins Jahr 2020 haben die EPHO jedoch nur vereinzelt in Deutschland Berücksichtigung gefunden. In der Eindämmung der Coronavirus-Pandemie spielt der Öffentliche Gesundheitsdienst (ÖGD) eine wichtige Rolle für die Umsetzung der Maßnahmen des Infektions- und Gesundheitsschutzes in fast allen Politikfeldern. Entscheidungsträger haben das erkannt und setzen sich auf Bundes- und Landesebene für eine Stärkung des ÖGD ein. Die EPHO empfehlen sich dabei als Handlungswege für die Stärkung des ÖGD in Deutschland.
Priorisierung von Kindergesundheit im Kontext von HiAP
Authors: Thyen Ute , Geene Raimund 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Kinder und Jugendliche profitieren in besonderem Maße von einer nachhaltig geplanten integrierten Förderung und Erhaltung der Gesundheit, die alle Politikbereiche durchdringt und aufeinander abgestimmt ist. Die Begründung liegt in ihrer besonderen Angewiesenheit auf die Familie als primäre Lebenswelt, in der Gesundheit, Schutz, Förderung und Beteiligung verwirklicht wird. Die Gesellschaft und die Regierung unterstützen Familien in diesen Aufgaben.
Environmental exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and their role in endometriosis: a systematic literature review
Authors: Sirohi Diksha , Al Ramadhani Ruqaiya , Knibbs Luke D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Endocrine-related diseases and disorders are on the rise globally. Synthetically produced environmental chemicals (endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)) mimic hormones like oestrogen and alter signalling pathways. Endometriosis is an oestrogen-dependent condition, affecting 10–15% of women of the reproductive age, and has substantial impacts on the quality of life. The aetiology of endometriosis is believed to be multifactorial, ranging from genetic causes to immunologic dysfunction due to environmental exposure to EDCs. Hence, we undertook a systematic review and investigated the epidemiological evidence for an association between EDCs and the development of endometriosis. We also aimed to assess studies on the relationship between body concentration of EDCs and the severity of endometriosis.

Method
Following PRISMA guidelines, a structured search of PubMed, Embase and Scopus was conducted (to July 2018). The included studies analysed the association between one or more EDCs and the prevalence of endometriosis. The types of EDCs, association and outcome, participant characteristics and confounding variables were extracted and analysed. Quality assessment was performed using standard criteria.

Results
In total, 29 studies were included. Phthalate esters were positively associated with the prevalence of endometriosis. The majority (71%) of studies revealed a significant association between bisphenol A, organochlorinated environmental pollutants (dioxins, dioxin-like compounds, organochlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls) and the prevalence of endometriosis. A positive association between copper, chromium and prevalence of endometriosis was demonstrated in one study only. Cadmium, lead and mercury were not associated with the prevalence of endometriosis. There were conflicting results for the association between nickel and endometriosis. The relationship of EDCs and severity of endometriosis was not established in the studies.

Conclusion
We found some evidence to suggest an association between phthalate esters, bisphenol A, organochlorinated environmental pollutants and the prevalence of endometriosis. Disentangling these exposures from various other factors that affect endometriosis is complex, but an important topic for further research.
Stochastic PDEs in 𝒮' for SDEs driven by Lévy noise
Authors: Bhar Suprio , Bhaskaran Rajeev , Sarkar Barun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article we show that a finite-dimensional stochastic differential equation driven by a Lévy noise can be formulated as a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) driven by the same Lévy noise. We prove the existence result for such an SPDE by Itô’s formula for translation operators, and the uniqueness by an adapted form of “Monotonicity inequality”, proved earlier in the diffusion case. As a consequence, the solutions that we construct have the “translation invariance” property.
Die grammatische Terminologie derOsnova slovnice slavjanske narěčja ilirskogavon Vjekoslav Babukić (1836)
Authors: Keipert Helmut 
Published: September 2020

SummaryDuring the past decennia, Vjekoslav Babukić’sOsnova slovnice slavjanske narěčja ilirskoga(Zagreb, 1836) has come to be widely regarded in Croatia as the first codification of a Štokavian-based standard language for all Croats and has enjoyed an accordingly privileged status. The present article is intended as a reminder that this grammar was undoubtedly written first and foremost as a foundation in order to create a common literary language for all South Slavs, at least for the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes. Such a broader view is firmly supported by the obvious “all-Slavic spirit” (sveslavenski duh) attributed to the text by Lj. Gaj already in 1836 and can further be substantiated by means of a short examination of Babukić’s peculiarly mixed metalanguage that combines Kajkavian-German-Latin and Serbian-Russian-Church Slavonic terms.
Spiritualität in der psychiatrischen Pflege – Begriffsanalyse und Vorschlag einer Arbeitsdefinition
Authors: Grabenweger Reinhard , Paal Piret 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Spiritualität und Religion stellen wichtige Dimensionen im ganzheitlichen Gesundheits- und Krankheitsverständnis dar. Es stellt sich die Frage, wie der Begriff „Spiritualität“ im Kontext der psychiatrischen Pflege im deutschsprachigen Raum verwendet wird. Publikationen hierzu liegen nur vereinzelt vor. Forschungsfragen und Ziele: (1) Welche Bedeutung kommt dem Begriff „Spiritualität“ im Rahmen der psychiatrischen Pflege im deutschsprachigen Raum zu? (2) Inwiefern kann von einem „reifen“ Begriff gesprochen werden? Die Bedeutung von präzisen Definitionen muss für Lehre, Forschung und Praxis betont werden. Methodik: Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche in Datenbanken (PubMed, CINAHL, LIVIVO), Google Scholar sowie eine Handsuche in Fachzeitschriften. Insgesamt wurden 13 Publikationen (Publikationszeitraum: 2013 KW 1 bis 2018 KW 40) zur Beantwortung der Fragestellung herangezogen. Eine auf festgelegten Kriterien basierte Begriffsanalyse nach Morse et al. (1996b) erfolgte. Ergebnisse: Unterschiedliche Definitionen, uneinheitlich beschriebene Eigenschaften, Voraussetzungen sowie Folgen und eine unklare Abgrenzung zu anderen Begriffen weisen auf einen schwer einzugrenzenden, sich in Entwicklung befindenden Begriff hin. Dies beeinträchtigt auch die Qualität der Studien. Eine vorläufige Arbeitsdefinition für den Bereich der psychiatrischen Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege wird vorgeschlagen. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Mangel an wissenschaftlichen Publikationen zu Spiritualität in der psychiatrischen Pflege im deutschsprachigen Raum, uneinheitliche Definitionen und ein heterogenes Verständnis von Spiritualität weisen auf weiteren Forschungsbedarf hin.
The face of noncompliance in family interaction
Authors: Goodwin Marjorie H. , Loyd Heather 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article examines the co-construction of dispute in parent-child remedial interchanges, where preference for provocation rather than agreement exists. Employing methodologies of video ethnography, linguistic anthropology, and conversation analysis, we examine practices for dispute management in middle class Los Angeles families (1540 h of video across 32 US families were collected and examined between 2002 and 2005) as well as in (sub)-working-class families in the historic center neighborhood of the Quartieri Spagnoli in Napoli, Italy (120 h of video across six families were collected and examined between 2008 and 2010). We problematize the notion that preference structures featuring politeness and moves towards swift social equilibrium in remedial interchanges are the basic organizing principles used in family interaction. Our findings suggest that rather than quickly restoring ritual equilibrium, children can create their own “character contests” in which they compete with parents for control. In response to a child’s breach, noncompliance, or offensive action, the parents can sanction inappropriate behavior, and socialize the child into what counts, in the family culture, as morally appropriate behavior. Whereas in US middle class families, the parents pursue apologies, in Neapolitan (sub)-working-class families, the parents are more concerned about explanations and accounts for inappropriate desires and actions. There is no expectation that the children apologize for untoward behavior. Across culture and class, during adult-child socializing encounters, moral claims intersect with affective stances to develop and negotiate personhood, identity, and adherence to cultural norms.
Dripping with Kindness: The Meaning of rebîbîm
Authors: Eichler Raanan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe common noun רְבִיבִים occurs six times in the Hebrew Bible (Deut 32:2; Jer 3:3; 14:22; Mic 5:6; Pss 65:10[10]; 72:6). Its contexts clearly suggest that it belongs to the semantic domain of rain and dew, and that it denotes something desirable. But further precision has eluded interpreters, and the much-discussed Ugaritic words rbb and rb are of little help in this regard. The apparent Akkadian cognate rabbu A, unmentioned in the standard Biblical Hebrew lexica, is considered here, and it is argued on that basis that the word means “gentle rain” or “drizzle.”
Coumaronochromone as antibacterial and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors from Aerva persica (Burm.f.) Merr.: experimental and first-principles approaches
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Irfan Ahmad , Assiri Mohammed A. , Sumrra Sajjad H. , Saleem Muhammad , Hussain Riaz , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Aerva plants are exceptionally rich in phytochemicals and possess therapeutics potential. Phytochemical screening shows that Aerva persica (Burm.f.) Merr. contains highest contents i.e., total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, anthraquinones and glycosides. In-vitro antibacterial and enzymatic (carbonic anhydrase) inhibition studies on methanol extracts of A. persica indicated the presence of biological active constituents within chloroform soluble portions. Investigation in the pure constituents on the chloroform portions of A. persica accomplished by column chromatography, NMR and MS analysis. The bioguided isolation yields four chemical constituents of coumaronochromone family, namely aervin (1-4). These pure chemical entities (1-4) showed significant antibacterial activity in the range of 60.05–79.21 µg/ml against various bacterial strains using ampicillin and ciprofloxacin as standard drugs. The compounds 1-4 showed promising carbonic anhydrase inhibition with IC50 values of 19.01, 18.24, 18.65 and 12.92 µM, respectively, using standard inhibitor acetazolamide. First-principles calculations revealed comprehensive intramolecular charge transfer in the studied compounds 1-4. The spatial distribution of highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, ionization potential, molecular electrostatic potential and Hirshfeld analysis revealed that these coumaronochromone compounds would be proficient biological active compounds. These pure constituents may be used as a new pharmacophore to treat leaukomia, epilepsy, glaucoma and cystic fibrosis.
Microstructure Evolution of Peak-Aged ZK60 Magnesium Alloy under High Strain Rate Deformation
Authors: Yang Yang , Yang Shuangjun , Wang Zhen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The microstructure evolution of peak-aged ZK60 magnesium alloy under high strain rate deformation was studied by the radial collapse of a thick-walled cylinder technique and transmission electron microscope. The results showed that the rod-like β1’ phase was the main precipitated phase in the peak-aged ZK60 magnesium alloy, and precipitate-free regions were present along the grain boundaries. A large number of twins and dislocations were produced in the sample within 4.0 μs after high strain rate loading, and a number of thin and long rod-like β1’ phases were observed within the dislocated tangle of the deformed sample. The length and diameter of the rod-like phases in the samples were gradually reduced, and some of the rod-like phases were converted into spherical phases with increasing strain rate, which indicated that the original precipitated phases were partly dissolved after high strain rate loading. The microhardness of the samples increased from HV80.12 to HV101.20 as the strain rate increased.
Diagnostic testing of autonomous cortisol secretion in adrenal incidentalomas
Authors: Ueland Grethe Å , Grinde Thea , Methlie Paal , Kelp Oskar , Løvås Kristian , Husebye Eystein S 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
Autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) is a condition with ACTH-independent cortisol overproduction from adrenal incidentalomas (AI) or adrenal hyperplasia. The hypercortisolism is often mild, and most patients lack typical clinical features of overt Cushing’s syndrome (CS). ACS is not well defined and diagnostic tests lack validation.

Methods:
Retrospective study of 165 patients with AI evaluated clinically and by assay of morning plasma ACTH, late-night saliva cortisol, serum DHEA sulphate (DHEAS), 24-h urine-free cortisol, and cortisol after dexamethasone suppression.

Results:
Patients with AI (n = 165) were diagnosed as non-functioning incidentalomas (NFI) (n = 82) or ACS (n = 83) according to current European guidelines. Late-night saliva cortisol discriminated poorly between NFI and ACS, showing a high rate of false-positive (23/63) and false-negative (38/69) results. The conventional low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) did not improve the diagnostic specificity, compared with the 1 mg overnight DST. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of DHEAS in the two cohorts demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.76 (P < 0.01) with a sensitivity for ACS of 58% and a specificity of 80% using the recommended cutoff at 1.04 µmol/L (40 µg/dL).

Conclusion:
We here demonstrate in a large retrospective cohort of incidentaloma patients, that neither DHEAS, late-night saliva cortisol nor 24-h urine free cortisol are useful to discriminate between non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas and ACS. The conventional LDDST do not add further information compared with the 1 mg overnight DST. Alternative biomarkers are needed to improve the diagnostic workup of ACS.