bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional expression of a novel methanol-stable esterase by Geobacillus subterraneus DSM13552 for biocatalytic synthesis of cinnamyl acetate in a solvent-free system
Authors: Cai Xianghai , Lin Lin , Shen Yaling , Wei Wei , Wei Dong-zhi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Esterases are widely distributed in nature and have important applications in medical, industrial and physiological. Recently, the increased demand for flavor esters has prompted the search of catalysts like lipases and esterases. Esterases from thermophiles also show thermal stability at elevated temperatures and have become enzymes of special interest in biotechnological applications. Although most of esterases catalyzed reactions are carried out in toxic and inflammable organic solvents, the solvent-free system owning many advantages such as low cost and easy downstream processing. Results: The gene estGSU 753 from Geobacillus subterraneus DSM13552 was cloned, sequenced and overexpressed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The novel gene has an open reading frame of 753 bp and encodes 250-amino-acid esterase (EstGSU753). The sequence analysis showed that the protein contains a catalytic triad formed by Ser97, Asp196 and His226, and the Ser of the active site is located in the conserved motif Gly95-X-Ser97-X-Gly99 included in most esterases and lipases. The protein catalyzed the hydrolysis of p NP-esters of different acyl chain lengths, and the enzyme specific activity was 70 U/mg with the optimum substrate p NP-caprylate. The optimum pH and temperature of the recombinant enzyme were 8.0 and 60 °C respectively. The resulting EstGSU753 showed remarkable stability against methanol . After the incubation at 50% methanol for 9 days, EstGSU753 retained 50% of its original activity. Even incubation at 90% methanol for 35 h, EstGSU753 retained 50% of its original activity. Also, the preliminary study of the transesterification shows the potential value in synthesis of short-chain flavor esters in a solvent-free system, and more than 99% conversion was obtained in 6 h (substrate: cinnamyl alcohol, 1.0 M). Conclusions: This is the first report of esterase gene cloning from Geobacillus subterraneus with detailed enzymatic properties. This methanol-stable esterase showed potential value in industrial applications especially in the perfume industry.
Medication omission rates in New Zealand Residential Aged Care Homes: a national description
Authors: Garratt Stephanie M , Kerse Ngaire M , Peri Kathryn , Jonas Monique F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

BackgroundA medication omission is an event where a prescribed medication is not taken before the next scheduled dose. Medication omissions are typically classed as errors within Residential Aged Care (RAC) homes, as they have the potential to lead to harm if poorly managed, but may also stem from good clinical decision-making. This study aimed to quantify the incidence, prevalence, and types of medication omissions in RAC homes on a national scale, using a New Zealand-based sample.MethodsWe conducted retrospective pharmaco-epidemiology of de-identified medication administration e-records from December 1st2016 to December 31st2017. Four tiers of de-identified data were collected: RAC home level data (ownership, levels of care), care staff level data (competency level/role), resident data (gender, age, level of care), and medication related data (omissions, categories of omissions, recorded reasons for omission). Data were analysed using SPSS version 24 and Microsoft Excel.ResultsA total of 11, 015 residents from 374 RAC homes had active medication charts; 8,020 resided in care over the entire sample timeframe. A mean rate of 3.59 medication doses were omitted per 100 (±7.4) dispensed doses/resident (s.d. 7.43). Seventy-three percent of residents had at least one dose omission. The most common omission category used was ‘not-administered’ (49.9%), followed by ‘refused’ (34.6%). The relationship between ownership type and mean rate of omission was significant (p=0.002), corporate operated RAC homes had a slightly higher mean (3.73 versus 3.33), with greater variation. The most commonly omitted medications were Analgesics and Laxatives. Forty-eight percent of all dose omissions were recorded without a comment justifying the omission.ConclusionsThis unique study is the first to report rate of medication omissions per RAC resident over a one-year timeframe. Although the proportion of medications omitted reported in this study is less than previously reported by hospital-based studies, there is a significant relationship between a resident’s level of care, RAC home ownership types, and the rate of omission.
Building collective power in citizen-led initiatives for health accountability in Guatemala: The role of networks
Authors: Hernandez Alison , Hurtig Anna-Karin , Goicolea Isabel , Sebastian Miguel San , Jerez Fernando , Hernandez-Rodriguez Francisco , Flores Walter 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Citizen-led accountability initiatives are a critical strategy for redressing the causes of health inequalities and promoting better health system governance. A growing body of evidence points to the need for putting power relations at the forefront of understanding and operationalizing citizen-led accountability, rather than technical tools and best practices. In this study, we apply a network lens to the question of how initiatives build collective power to redress health system failures affecting marginalized communities in three municipalities in Guatemala. Methods Network mapping and interpretive discussions were used to examine relational qualities of citizen-led initiatives’ networks and explore the resources they offer for mobilizing action and influencing health accountability. Participants in the municipal-level initiatives responded to a social network analysis questionnaire focused on their ties of communication and collaboration with other initiative participants and their interactions with authorities regarding health system problems. Discussions with participants about the maps generated enriched our view of what the ties represented and their history of collective action and also provided space for planning action to strengthen their networks. Results Our findings indicate that network qualities like cohesiveness and centralization reflected the initiative participants’ agency in adapting to their sociopolitical context, and participants’ social positions were a key resource in providing connection to a broad base of support for mobilizing collective action to document health service deficiencies and advocate for solutions. Their legitimacy as “representatives of the people” enabled them to engage with authorities from a bolstered position of power, and their iterative interactions with authorities further contributed to develop their advocacy capabilities and resulted in accountability gains. Conclusions Our study provided evidence to counter the tendency to underestimate the assets and capabilities that marginalized citizens have for building power, and affirmed the idea that best-fit, with-the-grain approaches are well-suited for highly unequal settings characterized by weak governance. Efforts to support and understand change processes in citizen-led initiatives should include focus on adaptive network building to enable contextually-embedded approaches that leverage the collective power of the users of health services and grassroots leaders on the frontlines of accountability.
Evaluation of the Effect of The Mouth Gag Application on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter of Pediatric Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy or Adenotonsillectomy: Observational study
Authors: ALTIPARMAK Basak , Toker Melike Korkmaz , UYSAL Ali Ihsan , KOSEOGLU Sabri , Demirbilek Semra Gumus 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background A mouth gag is usually used during tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy surgeries, cleft palate repair, obstructive sleep apnea surgery and intraoral tumor excision. The placement of the gag causes hemodynamic changes similar to laryngoscopy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the mouth gag placement on optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) of pediatric patients. The secondary aim is to assess the relationship between neck extension for positioning of head and increase in ONSD measurement. Methods The trial is registered to Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry with Trial ID: ACTRN12618000551291. This prospective, observational study was performed in a tertiary university hospital operating theatre between 01.05.2018-01.07.2018. Thirty-five children aged < 18 years, with ASA I status, and scheduled for tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy surgeries were prospectively included in the study. Measurements of ONSD were performed (T0) after induction of anesthesia, (T1) after endotracheal intubation, (T2) after placement of the mouth gag and (T3) 20 minutes after the placement of the mouth gag. The degree of neck extension was assessed by the angle between the Frankfort plane and horizontal plane of the operation table in natural position Results All participants completed the study. There were significant differences in ONSD values according to time (p < 0.001). The maximum increase in ONSD values was detected after intubation (0.69±0.06 mm) and immediately after the mouth gag placement (0.67±0.07 mm). ONSD values continued to increase 20 minutes after the gag placement. There was no relation between degree of neck extension and ONSD values (β = 0.63, p=0.715) Conclusions The application of a mouth gag causes significant increases in ONSD measurements of children. Therefore, the duration of the mouth gag application during surgeries might be limited.
The etiology and prognosis of canalicular laceration repair using canalicular anastomosis combined with bicanalicular stent intubation
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Qin Xiuhong , Ji Jiali , Lu Yang , Xu Li , Guo Tao , Xiao Caiwen , Zhang Zhenzhen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the etiology of lacrimal canalicular laceration and explore possible risk factors influencing prognosis.Methods: A total of 142 patients (142 eyes) with lacrimal canalicular lacerations were reviewed and surgically repaired using canalicular anastomosis combined with bicanalicular stent intubation between March 2017 and March 2018. The analyzed data contained demographic information, types of trauma, injury location, associated additional ocular injuries and surgerical outcomes at follow-up. The main outcome measures were anatomic success rate, functional success rate, and complications of surgery.Results: The mean patient age was 42.07 years(ranging from 1-75 years) and 112 (78.87%) were men. Upper and lower canalicular lacerations were found in 14 (9.86%) and 112 (78.87%)patients, respectively, and both canalicular lacerations were found in 16 patients (11.27%). Electric bike accidents were the leading cause of injury with 76(53.52%)patients. There were 100 (70.42%)patients who had lid lacerations without tarsal plate fracture and 42 (29.58%)patients who had lid lacerations with tarsal plate fracture. Anatomic success rate was 98.59%, and functional success rate was 83.8%. Functional reconstruction failure rates were higher in patients with indirect injuries, lid lacerations with tarsal plate fracture, and with punctum splitting(P<0.05). Surgical complications were detected in the form of lacrimal punctum ectropion in 3(2.11%)patients, punctum splitting in 2(1.41%)patients, stent extrusion and loss in 2(1.41%)patients. Conclusions: Electric bike accidents have become the leading cause of injury instead of the motor vehicle accidents because of changes in lifestyle. The indirect injuries, lid lacerations with tarsal plate fracture and with punctum splitting, were significantly more likely to lead to a poor prognosis, as comfirmed by the lower functional success rate of surgery.
The predictive value of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in the prognosis of acute coronary syndrome patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Quan Xiao-Qing , Wang Run-Chang , Zhang Qing , Zhang Cun-Tai , Sun Lei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The association between the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is not fully understood. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation between LMR and mortality or major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with ACS. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of science. The association between LMR and mortality or MACE was analyzed in patients with ACS. The search was updated to April 15, 2020. Results: A total of 5 studies comprising 4343 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that lower LMR predicted short-term mortality/MACE (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46–8.14, P < 0.05) and higher long-term mortality/MACE (HR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.36– 2.13, P < 0.05). According to our subgroup analysis, there is still has a statistical significance for LMR to predict long-term mortality/MACE in any subgroups. Conclusions: This study suggested that lower LMR value might be associated with higher short-term mortality/MACE and long-term mortality/MACE in ACS patients. Especially for younger ACS patients, low LMR was more closely associated with poor prognosis.
A Multivariate Multilevel Analysis of the Risk Factors Associated with Anthropometric Indices in Iranian mid-adolescents
Authors: Alamolhoda Marzieh , Heydari Seyyed Taghi , Ayatollahi Seyyed Mohammad Taghi , Tabrizi Reza , Akbari Maryam , Ardalan Arash 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The present study was conducted to jointly assess some specific factors related to body fat measures using a multivariate multilevel analysis in a representative sample of Iranian mid-adolescents. Methods: This study was conducted among 2538 students (1286 boys) aged 14 - 20 years old, who were randomly selected among 16 public high schools by multi-stage random sampling procedure from all education districts of Shiraz, Iran. Data on demographic characteristics, family history of obesity, physical activity, socio-economic (SES) variables and screen time were collected. Height, weight, triceps (TST), abdominal (AST), and subscapular (SST) skinfold thickness were measured and their body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A multivariate multilevel approach was used to analyze the factors associated with obesity measures of the TST, AST, SST at the child and district levels. Results: In this study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated to be 10.2 and 5.1%, respectively. Overall, the major portion of the total variance in TST (97.1%), AST (97.7%), and SST (97.5%) was found at the child level. The results of multivariate multilevel method revealed that being girls, having a family history of obesity, and SES were significantly associated with increasing of three body fat measures (all the p-values were less than 0.05). There were significant positive associations between moderate to vigorous physical activities with AST and SST (for AST: β =2.54, SE=1.40, p=0.05; for SST: β =2.24, SE=1.20, p=0.05). Compared to children in 14-16 age group, children in age group 16-18 years had less TST (β =-0.67, SE=0.34, p=0.04). Furthermore, other age groups and screen time did not play an important role in three outcome variables. Conclusions: The results showed some factors that contribute to three body fat measures. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective interventions to prevent the effects of individual and environmental undesirable factors on childhood obesity in both family and community levels.
Transcriptomic and physiological analyses of rice seedlings under different nitrogen supplies provide insight into the regulation involved in axillary bud outgrowth
Authors: Wang Rongna , Qian Junjie , Fang Zhongming , Tang Jihua 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: N is an important macronutrient required for plant development and significantly influences axillary bud outgrowth, which affects tillering and grain yields of rice. However, how different N concentrations affect axillary bud growth at the molecular and transcriptional levels remains unclear. Results: In this study, morphological changes in the axillary bud growth of rice seedlings under different N concentrations ranging from low to high levels were systematically observed. To investigate the expression of N-induced genes involved in axillary bud growth, we used RNA-seq technology to generate mRNA transcriptomic data from two tissue types, basal parts and axillary buds, of plants grown under six different N concentrations. In total, 10,221 and 12,180 DEGs induced by LN or HN supplies were identified in the basal parts and axillary buds, respectively, via comparisons to expression levels under NN level. Analysis of the coexpression modules from the DEGs of the basal parts and axillary buds revealed an abundance of related biological processes underlying the axillary bud growth of plants under N treatments. Among these processes, the activity of cell division and expansion was positively correlated with the growth rate of axillary buds of plants grown under different N supplies. Additionally, TFs and phytohormones were shown to play crucial roles in determining the axillary bud growth of plants grown under different N concentrations. Further validation of OsGS1;2 and OsGS2 , the rice mutants of which presented altered tiller numbers, validated our transcriptomic data. Conclusion: These results indicate that different N concentrations affect the axillary bud growth rate, and our study revealed comprehensive expression profiles of genes that respond to different N concentrations, providing an important resource for future studies attempting to determine how axillary bud growth is controlled by different N supplies.
Three-Dimensional Morphological Analysis of the Femoral Neck Torsion Angle - An Anatomical Study
Authors: Zhang Ru-yi , Su Xiu-yun , Zhao Jing-xin , Li Jian-tao , Zhang Li-cheng , Tang Pei-fu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The femoral neck torsion angle (FNTA) is an important but often neglected parameter in assessments of the anatomical morphology of the femoral neck, which is often confused with the femoral neck anteversion angle (FNAA) in the current literature. Currently, the measurement methods reported in the literature all adopt the naked eye or two-dimensional (2D) visualization method, and the measurement parameters and details are not clearly defined. The objection of this research was to provide a reliable 3D method for determining the femoral neck axis, to improve the measurement method of the FNTA, and to analyze the anatomical and clinical significance of the results.Methods: Computed tomography (CT) data of 200 patients who received a lower extremity CT angiography examination were selected, and the bilateral femurs were reconstructed with three dimensional CT (3D CT). First, the 3D axis of the femoral neck was built. Second, the long axis of the cross section the femoral neck isthmus (FNI) and femoral neck basilar part (FNB) were confirmed by the “inertia axes” method, and the plane consisting of the long axis of the cross-section and the center of the femoral head was defined as the long axial plane. Third, the coronal plane of the proximal femur was determined through the long axis of the proximal femur and the femoral coronal. Finally, the FNTAs (the angles between the long axial planes and the coronal plane of the proximal femur) of FNI and FNB were measured. The size of FNTA was compared between the sexes and sides and different locations, the correlation between the parameters and age, height and weight were evaluated.Results: The difference in FNTA was statistically significant between the isthmus and the basilar part (isthmus 30.58 ± 8.90° vs. basilar part 23.79 ± 3.98°; p < 0.01). Significant difference in the FNTA was observed between the sexes (males 31.99 ± 9.25° vs. females 27.49 ± 7.19°; p < 0.01). The increase in FNTA from the basilar part to the isthmus was 6.79 ± 8.06°, and the male (7.87 ± 8.57°) was greater than the female (4.44 ± 6.23°, p < 0.01). However, no significant difference in the values was observed between sides. Height exerted the greatest effect on the FNTA according to the correlation analysis (r = 0.255, p＜0.001). Conclusions: This study found a reliable 3D method for the determination of the femoral neck axis improved the measurement method of the FNTA and made it more accurate and repeatable. The results provided a methodological basis and theoretical support for the research and development of internal fixation device for femoral neck fracture and the spatial configuration of implants in treatment. And, the optimal opening point of the femoral medullary cavity was recommended to locate at the posterior position of the top of the femoral neck cross-section during hip replacement.
Developing whole-school mental health and wellbeing intervention through pragmatic formative process evaluation: A case-study of innovative local practice within the School Health Research Network
Authors: Gobat Nina H , Littlecott Hannah , Williams Andy , McEwan Kirsten , Stanton Helen , Robling Michael , Rollnick Stephen , Murphy Simon , Evans Rhiannon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The evidence-base for whole school approaches aimed at improving student mental health and wellbeing remains limited. This may be due to a focus on developing and evaluating de-novo, research led interventions, while neglecting the potential of local, contextually-relevant innovation that has demonstrated acceptability and feasibility. This study reports a novel approach to modelling and refining the theory of a whole-school restorative approach, alongside plans to scale up through a national educational infrastructure in order to support robust scientific evaluation. Methods: A pragmatic formative process evaluation was conducted of a routinized whole-school restorative approach aimed at improving student mental health and wellbeing in Wales. Results: The study reports seven phases of the pragmatic formative process evaluation that may be undertaken in the development and evaluation of interventions already in routine practice: 1) identification of innovative local practice; 2) scoping review of evidence-base to identify existing intervention programme theory; outcomes; and contextual characteristics that influence programme theory and implementation; 3) establishment of a Transdisciplinary Action Research (TDAR) group; 4) co-production of an initial intervention logic model with stakeholders; 5) confirmation of logic model with stakeholders; 6) planning for intervention refinement; and 7) planning for feasibility and outcome evaluation. The phases of this model may be iterative and not necessarily sequential. Conclusions: Formative, pragmatic process evaluations support researchers, policy-makers and practitioners in developing a robust scientific evidence-base for acceptable and feasible local innovation that does not have a clear evidence base. The case of a whole-school restorative approach provides a case example of how such an evaluation may be undertaken.