bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A SkyMapper view of the Large Magellanic Cloud: the dynamics of stellar populations
Authors: Wan Zhen , Guglielmo Magda , Lewis Geraint F , Mackey Dougal , Ibata Rodrigo A 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We present the first SkyMapper stellar population analysis of the Large Magellanic Cloud (hereafter LMC), including the identification of 3578 candidate Carbon Stars through their extremely red g − r colours. Coupled with Gaia astrometry, we analyse the distribution and kinematics of this Carbon Star population, finding the LMC to be centred at (RA, Dec.) = (80.90° ± 0.29, −68.74° ± 0.12), with a bulk proper motion of $(\mu _{\alpha },\mu _{\delta }) = (1.878\pm 0.007,0.293\pm 0.018) \, \mathrm{mas \, yr^{-1}}$ and a disc inclination of i = 25.6° ± 1.1 at position angle θ = 135.6° ± 3.3°. We complement this study with the identification and analysis of additional stellar populations, finding that the dynamical centre for red giant branch stars is similar to that seen for the Carbon Stars, whereas for young stars the dynamical centre is significantly offset from the older populations. This potentially indicates that the young stars were formed as a consequence of a strong tidal interaction, probably with the Small Magellanic Cloud. In terms of internal dynamics, the tangential velocity profile increases linearly within $\sim \!3\ \, \mathrm{kpc}$, after which it maintains an approximately constant value of $V_{\mathrm{ rot}} = 83.6\pm 1.7 \, \mathrm{km \, s^{-1}}$ until $\sim \!7 \, \mathrm{kpc}$. With an asymmetric drift correction, we estimate the mass within $7\, \mathrm{kpc}$ to be $M_{\rm LMC}(\lt 7\, \mathrm{kpc}) = (2.5\pm 0.1)\times 10^{10}{\rm \, {\rm M}_{\odot }}$ and within the tidal radius ($\sim\! 30\ \, \mathrm{kpc}$) to be $M_{\rm LMC}(\lt 30\, \mathrm{kpc}) = (1.06 \pm 0.32)\times 10^{11}\ {\rm \, {\rm M}_{\odot }}$, consistent with other recent measurements.
Characterization of the ground layer of turbulence at Paranal using a robotic SLODAR system
Authors: Butterley T , Wilson R W , Sarazin M , Dubbeldam C M , Osborn J , Clark P 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We describe the implementation of a robotic SLODAR instrument at the Cerro Paranal observatory. The instrument measures the vertical profile of the optical atmospheric turbulence strength, in 8 resolution elements, to a maximum altitude ranging between 100 and 500 m. We present statistical results of measurements of the turbulence profile on a total of 875 nights between 2014 and 2018. The vertical profile of the ground layer of turbulence is very varied, but in the median case most of the turbulence strength in the ground layer is concentrated within the first 50 m altitude, with relatively weak turbulence at higher altitudes up to 500 m. We find good agreement between measurements of the seeing angle from the SLODAR and from the Paranal DIMM seeing monitor, and also for seeing values extracted from the Shack–Hartmann active optics sensor of Very Large Telescope (VLT) Unit Telescope 1 (UT1), adjusting for the height of each instrument above ground level. The SLODAR data suggest that a median improvement in the seeing angle from 0.689 to 0.481 arcsec at wavelength 500 nm would be obtained by fully correcting the ground-layer turbulence between the height of the UTs (taken as 10 m) and altitude 500 m.
Structure of HhaI endonuclease with cognate DNA at an atomic resolution of 1.0 Å
Authors: Horton John R , Yang Jie , Zhang Xing , Petronzio Theresa , Fomenkov Alexey , Wilson Geoffrey G , Roberts Richard J , Cheng Xiaodong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHhaI, a Type II restriction endonuclease, recognizes the symmetric sequence 5′-GCG↓C-3′ in duplex DNA and cleaves (‘↓’) to produce fragments with 2-base, 3′-overhangs. We determined the structure of HhaI in complex with cognate DNA at an ultra-high atomic resolution of 1.0 Å. Most restriction enzymes act as dimers with two catalytic sites, and cleave the two strands of duplex DNA simultaneously, in a single binding event. HhaI, in contrast, acts as a monomer with only one catalytic site, and cleaves the DNA strands sequentially, one after the other. HhaI comprises three domains, each consisting of a mixed five-stranded β sheet with a defined function. The first domain contains the catalytic-site; the second contains residues for sequence recognition; and the third contributes to non-specific DNA binding. The active-site belongs to the ‘PD-D/EXK’ superfamily of nucleases and contains the motif SD-X11-EAK. The first two domains are similar in structure to two other monomeric restriction enzymes, HinP1I (G↓CGC) and MspI (C↓CGG), which produce fragments with 5′-overhangs. The third domain, present only in HhaI, shifts the positions of the recognition residues relative to the catalytic site enabling this enzyme to cleave the recognition sequence at a different position. The structure of M.HhaI, the biological methyltransferase partner of HhaI, was determined earlier. Together, these two structures represent the first natural pair of restriction-modification enzymes to be characterized in atomic detail.
A Randomized Clinical Trial Examining the Effects of Instructions for Electronic Cigarette Use on Smoking-Related Behaviors and Biomarkers of Exposure
Authors: Hatsukami Dorothy K , Meier Ellen , Lindgren Bruce R , Anderson Amanda , Reisinger Sarah A , Norton Kaila J , Strayer Lori , Jensen Joni A , Dick Laura , Murphy Sharon E , Carmella Steven G , Tang Mei-Kuen , Chen Menglan , Hecht Stephen S , O’connor Richard J , Shields Peter G 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have the potential to significantly reduce exposure to harmful constituents associated with cigarette smoking when smokers completely substitute cigarettes with e-cigarettes. This study examined patterns of e-cigarette and cigarette use, and extent of toxicant exposure, if smokers were instructed and incentivized to completely switch to e-cigarettes compared to instructions to use the product ad libitum.Aims and MethodsUS adult daily smokers (n = 264; 49.2% female; Mage = 47.0), uninterested in quitting smoking immediately, were recruited from Minneapolis, MN, Columbus, OH, and Buffalo, NY. Participants were randomized to 8 weeks of instructions for (1) ad libitum use of e-cigarettes (AD-E), (2) complete substitution of cigarettes with e-cigarettes (CS-E), (3) complete substitution of cigarettes with nicotine gum or lozenge (CS-NRT), or (4) continue smoking of usual brand cigarettes (UB). Participants were incentivized for protocol compliance, including complete switching in the CS-E and CS-NRT groups. Outcome variables were cigarette smoking rate and tobacco-related biomarkers of exposure.ResultsSmokers in the CS-E and CS-NRT groups showed lower rates of smoking and lower exposure to carbon monoxide, tobacco carcinogens, and other toxicants than smokers in the AD-E group. In general, no significant differences were observed between CS-E versus CS-NRT or between AD-E versus UB for most biomarkers. Significantly higher 7-day point prevalence smoke-free rates were observed for CS-E versus CS-NRT.ConclusionsSmokers instructed and incentivized to completely switch to e-cigarettes resulted in lower smoking rates and greater reductions in exposures to harmful chemicals than smokers instructed to use the product ad libitum.ImplicationsSmokers instructed to completely substitute e-cigarettes for cigarettes displayed significantly lower levels of smoking and biomarkers of exposure to carcinogens and toxicants, compared to smokers instructed to use e-cigarettes ad libitum and similar levels as smokers instructed to completely substitute with nicotine replacement therapies. Furthermore, a higher rate of complete switching was achieved with e-cigarettes versus nicotine replacement therapies. Approaches to maximize complete substitution with e-cigarettes are an important area for future research.
Evaluation of the Impact of a Regional Educational Advertising Campaign on Harm Perceptions of E-Cigarettes, Prevalence of E-Cigarette Use, and Quit Attempts Among Smokers
Authors: Tattan-Birch Harry , Jackson Sarah E , Ide Charlotte , Bauld Linda , Shahab Lion 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
We evaluated how effective an advertising campaign that was piloted by Cancer Research UK in January/February 2018 was at promoting quit attempts by increasing awareness of the relative harms of e-cigarettes compared with smoking.

Methods
Adults (≥16 years, n = 2217) living in Greater Manchester (campaign region), Yorkshire & Humber and the North East of England (control regions) completed cross-sectional surveys immediately before and after the campaign period. Surveys measured socio-demographics, perceptions and use of e-cigarettes, and motivation and attempts to quit smoking. We tested interactions between time (pre, post) and region (campaign, control).

Results
36.7% (95% CI 33.0%–40.6%) of those in the intervention region recognized the campaign. In the general population, interactions were nonsignificant for all outcomes except for perception of e-cigarettes as effective cessation aids, with smaller increases from pre- to post-campaign in the campaign (49.9% to 54.0%) compared with the control region (40.5% to 55.0%; odds ratio [OR] = 0.66, 95% CI .45–0.98). Among smokers, motivation to quit increased in the intervention region (44.0% to 48.0%) but decreased in the control region (40.5% to 21.5%; OR = 2.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–7.16), with no other significant differences between regions over time. Bayes factors confirmed that nonsignificant results were inconclusive.

Conclusions
Compared with the control region, the campaign was associated with an increase in smokers’ motivation to quit but a smaller increase in adults’ perception of e-cigarettes as an effective cessation aid. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether the campaign affected other outcomes.

Implications
Past extended mass media tobacco control campaigns have been shown to change public attitudes towards smoking, improve motivation to quit smoking, and reduce smoking prevalence. Much less is known about shorter, targeted campaigns. Here we show that using mass media to communicate accurate information about the relative harms of e-cigarettes compared with smoking may be an effective strategy in increasing smokers’ motivation to quit. Moreover, even when only run for a month, such campaigns can reach a large proportion of the targeted population. Further research is needed to evaluate effects on quit attempts and success.
Emotion in Music Education
Authors: Letts Richard 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article explores the reasons behind music instructors' failure to openly acknowledge the emotional aspect of music. Perhaps emotions are private matters, not to be discussed in public; or inappropriate subject matter for a university course unless presented in the context of medicine and illness. These issues are considered due to efforts currently underway around the world to revise a number of national curricula. The article also discusses how the emotional aspects of music can be included in a curriculum.
Interface in AdS black hole spacetime
Authors: Nagasaki Koichi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We consider a defect solution in the anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole spacetime. This is a generalization of the previous work [K. Nagasaki et al., J. High Energy Phys. 1201, 139 (2012)] to another spacetime. This system consists of D3- and D5-branes. The equation of motion for a sort of nonlocal operator, an “interface”, is given and its numerical solution is shown by the numerical calculation. We also consider a string extending between this interface and the boundary of the AdS spacetime. This corresponds to the quark–interface potential in the boundary theory of the bulk black hole spacetime. This result gives a new example of a holographic relation that includes the gauge flux in the probe D5-brane.
NICE update NICE public health guidance update
Authors: Roberts Susan , Nolan Kay , Shearn Peter , Raynor Michael , Leng Gillian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article covers recently published National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance relevant to public health and a review of evidence published since we released the NICE guidance on unintentional injury prevention in under 15 year olds. The article features some of this evidence that was found to reinforce published recommendations on safety in the home and on the roads, indicating the guidance remains up to date and relevant. In addition, it importantly highlights that there is great opportunity to prevent future unintentional injury through integrated and coordinated, evidence and intelligence-informed approaches.
Low acetylcholine during early sleep is important for motor memory consolidation
Authors: Inayat Samsoon , Qandeel  , Nazariahangarkolaee Mojtaba , Singh Surjeet , McNaughton Bruce L , Whishaw Ian Q , Mohajerani Majid H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The synaptic homeostasis theory of sleep proposes that low neurotransmitter activity in sleep optimizes memory consolidation. We tested this theory by asking whether increasing acetylcholine levels during early sleep would weaken motor memory consolidation. We trained separate groups of adult mice on the rotarod walking task and the single pellet reaching task, and after training, administered physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, to increase cholinergic tone in subsequent sleep. Post-sleep testing showed that physostigmine impaired motor skill acquisition of both tasks. Home-cage video monitoring and electrophysiology revealed that physostigmine disrupted sleep structure, delayed non-rapid-eye-movement sleep onset, and reduced slow-wave power in the hippocampus and cortex. Additional experiments showed that: (1) the impaired performance associated with physostigmine was not due to its effects on sleep structure, as 1 h of sleep deprivation after training did not impair rotarod performance, (2) a reduction in cholinergic tone by inactivation of cholinergic neurons during early sleep did not affect rotarod performance, and (3) stimulating or blocking muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors did not impair rotarod performance. Taken together, the experiments suggest that the increased slow wave activity and inactivation of both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors during early sleep due to reduced acetylcholine contribute to motor memory consolidation.
Larke v Nugus: practical points in an unsettled environment
Authors: Lawson Stephen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Court of Appeal decision in Larke v Nugus was handed down in 1979. Practitioners thought that the process of disclosing information from a Will Preparation File once a Will was in dispute was well established – but there have recently been considerable changes. The Law Society produced a new version of its Practice Note in December 2018. There are disagreements between stakeholders about the steps to be taken upon receipt of a Larke v Nugus letter. Some practices must cease forthwith. This article discusses these issues.
Dying trusts, living trusts
Authors: Stone Edward 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The popularity of trusts has been on a long downward trend in the UK. According to the latest data published by HMRC in September 2019, the total number of trusts and estates registered for tax in the UK has fallen by almost one third since April 2006 to 150,000 and the number of interest in possession trusts has almost halved over the same period to 49,000. The decline is explored in this article and how it could be halted by adopting US-style “living trusts”.
Representativity and Networked Interference in Data-Rich Field Experiments: A Large-Scale RCT in Rural Mexico
Authors: Noriega Alejandro , Pentland Alex 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Modern availability of rich geospatial datasets and analysis tools can provide insight germane to the design of field experiments. Design of field experiments, and in particular the choice of sampling strategy, requires careful consideration of its consequences on the external representativity and interference (SUTVA violations) of the experimental sample. This paper presents a methodology for a) modeling the geospatial and social interaction factors that drive interference in rural field experiments; and b) eliciting a set of nondominated sample options that approximate the Pareto-optimal tradeoff between interference and external representativity, as functions of sample choice. The study develops and tests the methodology in the context of a large-scale health experiment in rural Mexico, involving more than 3,000 pregnant women and 600 health clinics across 5 states. Relevant for the practitioner, the methodology is computationally tractable and can be implemented leveraging open sourced geo-spatial data and software tools.
“I want to feel like I used to feel”: a qualitative study of causes of low libido in postmenopausal women
Authors: Thomas Holly N. , Hamm Megan , Hess Rachel , Borrero Sonya , Thurston Rebecca C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective:
Low libido is common among women over 60 and negatively impacts well-being and relationship satisfaction. Causes of low libido in this age group are not well understood. We used qualitative methods to explore older women's perceptions of causes of low libido.

Methods:
We conducted 15 individual interviews and 3 focus groups (total N = 36) among sexually active women 60 and older who screened positive for low libido using a validated instrument. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded using a codebook developed by two investigators. Codes were examined, and themes related to causes of low libido emerged.

Results:
Women noted a number of different factors that contributed to low libido. The common factors that women discussed included postmenopausal vaginal symptoms, erectile dysfunction in male partners, fatigue and bodily pain, life stressors, and body image concerns. Women often found ways to adapt to these factors. These adaptations required open communication between partners regarding sex, and some women noted these conversations were difficult or not successful.

Conclusions:
A wide variety of factors contribute to low libido in women over 60, but many of these factors are addressable. Low libido in older women should not be automatically attributed to “normal” aging or to menopause; providers should take an approach to assessment and treatment that addresses biological, interpersonal and social, and psychological factors.

Video Summary
: http://links.lww.com/MENO/A499
The Relationship Between Fighting Style, Cognition, and Regional Brain Volume in Professional Combatants: A Preliminary Examination Using Brief Neurocognitive Measures
Authors: Stephen Steve J. , Shan Guogen , Banks Sarah J. , Bernick Charles , Bennett Lauren L. 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
Repetitive head impacts (RHIs) in combat sports are associated with cognitive decline and brain volume reduction. While fighting style differences between boxers, mixed martial artists (MMAs), and martial artists (MAs) have resulted in a broader spectrum of injury, the effects of RHIs on MAs relative to other fighters have not yet been explored. This study aimed to determine a differential effect of fighting style on cognition and brain.

Setting:
A large outpatient medical center specializing in neurological care.

Participants, Design, and Main Measures:
In total, 40 MAs, 188 boxers, and 279 MMAs were compared on baseline measures of subcortical regional brain volumes, after controlling for total brain volumes, and cognitive performance.

Results:
Significant differences between MAs, MMAs, and boxers were observed in subcortical brain structure volumes and cognitive measures. MMAs and MAs consistently had larger volumes and higher scores than boxers. Fighting style significantly moderated the relationship between the number of professional fights and the volumes of various subcortical brain structures and performance on a measure of processing speed at baseline.

Conclusions:
Differences in RHIs across fighting styles may be of clinical significance. Exploring changes over time within the MA, boxer, and MMA cohorts may provide insight into longer-term discrepancies in subcortical regional brain volumes and cognitive functioning across fighting styles.
An International Exploration of the Effect of Media Portrayals of Postconcussion Management on Concussion Identification in the General Public
Authors: Ku Cindy , McKinlay Audrey , Grace Randolph C. , Linden Mark , McLellan Tracey 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Concussion portrayal in media broadcasts of sporting events may contribute to lack of public understanding regarding concussion.

Methods:
In total, 828 participants from Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom completed a questionnaire assessing concussion knowledge. Participants were randomly assigned to either receive sports return-to-play (RTP) guideline information (RTP group) or not (no-RTP group). Participants viewed 12 short clips from televised rugby games and indicated whether they believed the player in each clip had sustained a concussion. Participants were then informed whether the player was removed, returned, or stayed in the game and again asked whether they thought a concussion had occurred.

Results:
Probability of reporting a likely concussion over all videos was 65.6%. When told a player's possible concussion was managed by removal from the game, participants were more likely to change their response from “no” (no concussion) to “yes” (concussion) than from “yes” to “no.” When told the player stayed or returned to the game, participants were more likely to change their response from “yes” (concussion) to “no” (no concussion) than from “no” to “yes.” There was no significant main effect for RTP guideline manipulation or interaction effect with RTP information.

Conclusion:
Additional player's injury management information influenced participants' judgments of concussion occurrence. Results show that information provided via sports media broadcasts influenced viewers' perceptions of concussion and appropriate concussion management.