bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global, regional, and national burden of ischaemic heart disease and its attributable risk factors, 1990–2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: Dai Haijiang , Much Arsalan Abu , Maor Elad , Asher Elad , Younis Arwa , Xu Yawen , Lu Yao , Liu Xinyao , Shu Jingxian , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to estimate the burden and risk factors for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017.

Methods and results
Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 were used. Prevalence, incidence, deaths, years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs) were metrics used to measure IHD burden. Population attributable fraction was used to estimate the proportion of IHD deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors. Globally, in 2017, 126.5 million [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 118.6 to 134.7] people lived with IHD and 10.6 million (95% UI 9.6 to 11.8) new IHD cases occurred, resulting in 8.9 million (95% UI 8.8 to 9.1) deaths, 5.3 million (95% UI 3.7 to 7.2) YLDs, and 165.0 million (95% UI 162.2 to 168.6) YLLs. Between 1990 and 2017, despite the decrease in age-standardized rates, the global numbers of these burden metrics of IHD have significantly increased. The burden of IHD in 2017 and its temporal trends from 1990 to 2017 varied widely by geographic location. Among all potentially modifiable risk factors, age-standardized IHD deaths worldwide were primarily attributable to dietary risks, high systolic blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol, high fasting plasma glucose, tobacco use, and high body mass index in 2017.

Conclusion
Our results suggested that IHD remains a major public health challenge worldwide. More effective and targeted strategies aimed at implementing cost-effective interventions and addressing modifiable risk factors are urgently needed, particularly in geographies with high or increasing burden.
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and Post-Genocide Justice 25 Years On
Authors: Labuda Patryk I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
2019 marked the 25th anniversary of the Rwandan genocide and of the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). After prosecuting 73 people, including high-ranking politicians and military leaders, the Rwanda Tribunal closed its doors in 2015. Together with its sister tribunal, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, the ICTR is considered one of the first-generation ad hoc tribunals mandated to bring justice to countries emerging from conflict. This review essay examines four books to take stock of the scholarly debate on the ICTR’s performance. After analysing the Tribunal’s achievements and shortcomings, it explains that scholarly assessments of the ICTR rely on two different analytical lenses – a national and/or international perspective – to make claims about the roles of international criminal tribunals. The essay then discusses the ICTR’s interactions with other post-genocide justice mechanisms in Rwanda and the compatibility of concurrent judicial responses to mass violence. In conclusion, it suggests that evolving interpretations of the ICTR’s performance reflect prevailing ideas about the goals and limitations of international criminal tribunals.
Relevance of obstructive sleep apnea and smoking: Obstructive sleep apnea and smoking
Authors: Esen Ayse Didem , Akpinar Meltem 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The data concerning the association of smoking and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are limited. The effects of cigarette smoking on OSA still remain obscure.

Objectives
To reveal the impact of smoking on obstructive sleep apnea.

Methods
About 384 patients with the diagnosis of OSA through full night polysomnographic (PSG) examination were included to the study. The demographic data (age, sex and BMI), complaints and medical history, status of smoking as non-smokers and smokers, smoking frequency (cigarettes/day), polysomnograhic data comprising apnea hypopnea index (AHI), non-REM sleep AHI (NREM AHI), REM sleep AHI (REM AHI), minimum oxygen saturation (min SaO2) were recorded for all the subjects. Non-smokers and smokers were compared in terms of severity of OSA.

Results
The study population consisted of 384 subjects, 253 males and 131 females. Smoking frequency was not found correlated with OSA severity. Among smokers, males had higher severe OSA rate (P = 0.002, P &lt; 0.05). In subjects with BMI &lt; 30, severe OSA rate was higher in smokers (34.44% versus 21%) (P = 0.027, P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Our study detected higher rate of severe OSA in male smokers and smokers with BMI &lt; 30. PSG data did not yield statistically significant difference in non-smokers and smokers. OSA severity was not found correlated with smoking frequency. Along with the study results, the impact of smoking on OSA is still controversial. Prospective studies with larger sample size may be contributive to further evaluation of the association of OSA with smoking.
Tailored Exercise and Home Hazard Reduction Program for Fall Prevention in Older People With Cognitive Impairment: The i-FOCIS Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Taylor Morag E , Wesson Jacqueline , Sherrington Catherine , Hill Keith D , Kurrle Susan , Lord Stephen R , Brodaty Henry , Howard Kirsten , O’Rourke Sandra D , Clemson Lindy , Payne Narelle , Toson Barbara , Webster Lyndell , Savage Roslyn , Zelma Genevieve , Koch Cecelia , John Beatrice , Lockwood Keri , Close Jacqueline C T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The evidence to support effective fall prevention strategies in older people with cognitive impairment (CI) is limited. The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to determine the efficacy of a fall prevention intervention in older people with CI.

Method
RCT involving 309 community-dwelling older people with CI. The intervention group (n = 153) received an individually prescribed home hazard reduction and home-based exercise program during the 12-month study period. The control group (n = 156) received usual care. The primary outcome was rate of falls. Secondary outcomes included faller/multiple faller status, physical function, and quality of life.

Results
Participants’ average age was 82 years (95% CI 82–83) and 49% were female. There was no significant difference in the rate of falls (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.05; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.73–1.51). A sensitivity analysis, controlling for baseline differences and capping the number of falls at 12 (4 participants), revealed a nonsignificant reduction in fall rate in the intervention group (IRR 0.78; 95% CI 0.57–1.07). Analyses of secondary outcomes indicated the intervention significantly reduced the number of multiple fallers by 26% (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.54–0.99) when adjusting for baseline differences. There was a differential impact on falls in relation to physical function (interaction term p-value = .023) with a significant reduction in fall rate in intervention group participants with better baseline physical function (IRR 0.60; 95% CI 0.37–0.98). There were no significant between-group differences for other secondary outcomes.

Conclusions
This intervention did not significantly reduce the fall rate in community-dwelling older people with CI. The intervention did reduce the fall rate in participants with better baseline physical function.

Clinical Trials Registration Number
Australian and New Zealand Trials Registry ACTRN12614000603617.
The significance of symptoms before and after surgery for anomalous aortic origin of coronary arteries in adolescents and adults
Authors: Meijer Fleur M M , Egorova Anastasia D , Jongbloed Monique R M , Koppel Claire , Habib Gracia , Hazekamp Mark G , Vliegen Hubert W , Kies Philippine 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to describe the significance of symptoms preoperatively and at medium-term follow-up in adolescent and adult patients who underwent surgery of anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA).

METHODS
Consecutive patients who underwent surgery for AAOCA in our tertiary referral centre between 2001 and 2018 were included. Clinical characteristics and symptoms were evaluated and medium-term outcomes were recorded. Symptoms were classified according to the ‘2019 ESC guidelines on chronic coronary syndromes’.

RESULTS
A total of 53 (55% male) patients with mean age of 44 at time of surgery underwent surgical repair of AAOCA. Data on symptoms and events ˃3 months after surgery were available in 34 patients with a median follow-up of 3 years (interquartile range 1.0–5.3). Preoperatively, only 35% patients had typical anginal complaints. After surgical correction of AAOCA, 59% of the patients were free of symptoms, compared to 6% preoperatively (P &lt; 0.001). A total of 3 (9%) patients needed a reoperation/reintervention related to the operated AAOCA. All 3 patients presented postoperatively with novel typical anginal complaints.

CONCLUSIONS
Adolescent and adult patients with AAOCA present with varying symptoms. Only 35% have typical anginal complaints. Surgical correction of AAOCA reduces the symptoms in the vast majority of patients. One should be aware of potential lesions of the operated coronary artery in patients presenting with typical anginal complaints postoperatively.
Residual-baseda posteriorierror estimates of mixed methods for a three-field Biot’s consolidation model
Authors: Li Yuwen , Zikatanov Ludmil T 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present residual-based a posteriori error estimates of mixed finite element methods for the three-field formulation of Biot’s consolidation model. The error estimator are upper and lower bounds of the space-time discretization error up to data oscillation. As a by-product, we also obtain a new a posteriori error estimate of mixed finite element methods for the heat equation.
Newton–Okounkov Bodies of Flag Varieties and Combinatorial Mutations
Authors: Fujita Naoki , Higashitani Akihiro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A Newton–Okounkov body is a convex body constructed from a projective variety with a globally generated line bundle and with a higher rank valuation on the function field, which gives a systematic method of constructing toric degenerations of projective varieties. Its combinatorial properties heavily depend on the choice of a valuation, and it is a fundamental problem to relate Newton–Okounkov bodies associated with different kinds of valuations. In this paper, we address this problem for flag varieties using the framework of combinatorial mutations, which was introduced in the context of mirror symmetry for Fano manifolds. By applying iterated combinatorial mutations, we connect specific Newton–Okounkov bodies of flag varieties including string polytopes, Nakashima–Zelevinsky polytopes, and Feigin–Fourier–Littelmann–Vinberg polytopes.
Immunogenicity of a Live-Attenuated Dengue Vaccine Using a Heterologous Prime-Boost Strategy in a Phase 1 Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Lin Leyi , Koren Michael A , Paolino Kristopher M , Eckels Kenneth H , De La Barrera Rafael , Friberg Heather , Currier Jeffrey R , Gromowski Gregory D , Aronson Naomi E , Keiser Paul B , Sklar Marvin J , Sondergaard Erica L , Jasper Louis E , Endy Timothy P , Jarman Richard G , Thomas Stephen J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Dengue is a global health problem and the development of a tetravalent dengue vaccine with durable protection is a high priority. A heterologous prime-boost strategy has the advantage of eliciting immune responses through different mechanisms and therefore may be superior to homologous prime-boost strategies for generating durable tetravalent immunity.

Methods
In this phase 1 first-in-human heterologous prime-boost study, 80 volunteers were assigned to 4 groups and received a tetravalent dengue virus (DENV-1–4) purified inactivated vaccine (TDENV-PIV) with alum adjuvant and a tetravalent dengue virus (DENV-1–4) live attenuated vaccine (TDENV-LAV) in different orders and dosing schedules (28 or 180 days apart).

Results
All vaccination regimens had acceptable safety profiles and there were no vaccine-related serious adverse events. TDEN-PIV followed by TDEN-LAV induced higher neutralizing antibody titers and a higher rate of tetravalent seroconversions compared to TDEN-LAV followed by TDEN-PIV. Both TDEN-PIV followed by TDEN-LAV groups demonstrated 100% tetravalent seroconversion 28 days following the booster dose, which was maintained for most of these subjects through the day 180 measurement.

Conclusions
A heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy for dengue merits additional evaluation for safety, immunogenicity, and potential for clinical benefit.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02239614.
From Thucydides to 1648: The “Missing” Years in IR and the Missing Voices in World History
Authors: Blachford Kevin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInternational relations (IR) defines itself as a discipline by adhering to a Westphalian narrative centered on 1648. The following paper argues that IR should broaden its engagement with history to consider the international prior to 1648 and to examine global and transnational historical accounts that challenge the states in anarchy framework. This paper examines how pre-modern history is often used within IR as a foil for which western modernity and its superiority is defined. It concludes by arguing for the need to re-read the processes of modernity and imperialism that are commonly seen as the prelude to the familiar Eurocentric stories told in IR.
Opportunities for the use of health information technology to support research
Authors: Zayas-Cabán Teresa , Wald Jonathan S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the last decade, expanding use of health information technology (IT) across the United States has created opportunities for use of electronic health data for health services and biomedical research, but efforts may be hampered by limited data access, data quality, and system functionality. We identify five opportunities to advance the use of health IT for health services and biomedical research, which informed a federal government-led, collaborative effort to develop a relevant policy and development agenda. In particular, the health IT infrastructure should more effectively support the use of electronic health data for research; provide adaptable technologies; incorporate relevant research-related functionality; support patient and caregiver engagement in research; and support effective integration of knowledge into practice. While not exhaustive, these represent important opportunities that the biomedical and health informatics communities can pursue to better leverage health IT and electronic health data for research.
How Much Can We Generalize From Impact Evaluations?
Authors: Vivalt Eva 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Impact evaluations can help to inform policy decisions, but they are rooted in particular contexts and to what extent they generalize is an open question. I exploit a new data set of impact evaluation results and find a large amount of effect heterogeneity. Effect sizes vary systematically with study characteristics, with government-implemented programs having smaller effect sizes than academic or non-governmental organization-implemented programs, even controlling for sample size. I show that treatment effect heterogeneity can be appreciably reduced by taking study characteristics into account.
‘A matter of love’
Authors: Herman Nicholas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article examines the career and collection of Lewis V. Randall (1893–1972), a German-born Jewish banker turned Montrealer and amateur art historian. Though virtually forgotten today, Randall assembled the finest collection of Renaissance art ever held in Canada. This ensemble included drawings by Leonardo, Dürer, Patinir, Schongauer, Cranach, Rembrandt and Bosch, as well as manuscript illuminations, sculptures, panel paintings and stained glass. After the Second World War, Randall founded the art history department at the University of Montreal. Drawing on his extensive network of friends, which included Erwin Panofsky and André Chastel, he assembled a brilliant but short-lived cohort of francophone scholars around the fledgling department.
Recommended Definitions of Aggressive Prostate Cancer for Etiologic Epidemiologic Research
Authors: Hurwitz Lauren M , Agalliu Ilir , Albanes Demetrius , Barry Kathryn Hughes , Berndt Sonja I , Cai Qiuyin , Chen Chu , Cheng Iona , Genkinger Jeanine M , Giles Graham G , Huang Jiaqi , Joshu Corinne E , Key Tim J , Knutsen Synnove , Koutros Stella , Langseth Hilde , Li Sherly X , MacInnis Robert J , Markt Sarah C , Penney Kathryn L , Perez-Cornago Aurora , Rohan Thomas E , Smith-Warner Stephanie A , Stampfer Meir J , Stopsack Konrad H , Tangen Catherine M , Travis Ruth C , Weinstein Stephanie J , Wu Lang , Jacobs Eric J , Mucci Lorelei A , Platz Elizabeth A , Cook Michael B ,   the Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (PC3) Working Group
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
In the era of widespread prostate-specific antigen testing, it is important to focus etiologic research on the outcome of aggressive prostate cancer, but studies have defined this outcome differently. We aimed to develop an evidence-based consensus definition of aggressive prostate cancer using clinical features at diagnosis for etiologic epidemiologic research.

Methods
Among prostate cancer cases diagnosed in 2007 in the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-18 database with follow-up through 2017, we compared the performance of categorizations of aggressive prostate cancer in discriminating fatal prostate cancer within 10 years of diagnosis, placing the most emphasis on sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV).

Results
In our case population (n = 55 900), 3073 men died of prostate cancer within 10 years. Among 12 definitions that included TNM staging and Gleason score, sensitivities ranged from 0.64 to 0.89 and PPVs ranged from 0.09 to 0.23. We propose defining aggressive prostate cancer as diagnosis of category T4 or N1 or M1 or Gleason score of 8 or greater prostate cancer, because this definition had one of the higher PPVs (0.23, 95% confidence interval = 0.22 to 0.24) and reasonable sensitivity (0.66, 95% confidence interval = 0.64 to 0.67) for prostate cancer death within 10 years. Results were similar across sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
We recommend that etiologic epidemiologic studies of prostate cancer report results for this definition of aggressive prostate cancer. We also recommend that studies separately report results for advanced category (T4 or N1 or M1), high-grade (Gleason score ≥8), and fatal prostate cancer. Use of this comprehensive set of endpoints will facilitate comparison of results from different studies and help elucidate prostate cancer etiology.
‘I Kept My Gun’: Displacement’s Impact on Reshaping Social Distinction During Return
Authors: Akoi Abraham Diing , Pendle Naomi R 
Published: September 2020

AbstractScholarship prompted by 40 years of mass repatriations has highlighted that repatriations and returns are shaped by social navigation and renegotiation of ‘home’. This article argues that the original experience of displacement itself, and the interconnected social rupture or continuity, moderates this negotiation and has consequences for social distinction, class reproduction, and political emplacement as refugees return. Specifically, the article considers the diverse social implications of both refugee camp education and wartime militarization, and the mediation of their social consequences by the specificities of histories of initial displacement. We do this by exploring the first 10 years of socio-political struggles of men born in Southern Sudan in the 1980s who lived in Kakuma Refugee Camp (Kenya) in the 1990s and who returned to Southern Sudan after the 2005 peace agreement. The article contrasts experiences of those who were born in Greater Gogrial and Greater Bor as a way to take account of different histories of displacement.
A Note on Evagrius’ Cosmological and Metaphysical Statements
Authors: Costache Doru 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Overall, contemporary scholars consider Evagrius’ Chapters on Knowledge a metaphysical work which proposes a fully fledged cosmology. This cosmology refers to the pre-existence of a spiritual universe and the final dematerialization of the cosmos. Recent scholars, however, challenge the metaphysical assumption, advocating a monastic interpretation. I apply to Chapters the monastic lens of Evagrius’ The Monk and The Gnostic, proposing that his metaphysical and cosmological narrative encodes a map of spiritual experience. My approach also relies on recent reinterpretations of Evagrius’ masters and intellectual heirs.
A revised view of the Canis Major stellar overdensity with DECam and Gaia: new evidence of a stellar warp of blue stars
Authors: Carballo-Bello Julio A , Martínez-Delgado David , Corral-Santana Jesús M , Alfaro Emilio J , Navarrete Camila , Vivas A Katherina , Catelan Márcio 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) imaging combined with Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) data to study the Canis Major overdensity. The presence of the so-called Blue Plume stars in a low-pollution area of the colour–magnitude diagram allows us to derive the distance and proper motions of this stellar feature along the line of sight of its hypothetical core. The stellar overdensity extends on a large area of the sky at low Galactic latitudes, below the plane, and in the range 230° &lt; ℓ &lt; 255°. According to the orbit derived for Canis Major, it presents an on-plane rotation around the Milky Way. Moreover, additional overdensities of Blue Plume stars are found around the plane and across the Galaxy, proving that these objects are not only associated with that structure. The spatial distribution of these stars, derived using Gaia astrometric data, confirms that the detection of the Canis Major overdensity results more from the warped structure of the Milky Way disc than from the accretion of a dwarf galaxy.
Genomic Signatures of Coevolution between Nonmodel Mammals and Parasitic Roundworms
Authors: Hu Yibo , Yu Lijun , Fan Huizhong , Huang Guangping , Wu Qi , Nie Yonggang , Liu Shuai , Yan Li , Wei Fuwen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAntagonistic coevolution between host and parasite drives species evolution. However, most of the studies only focus on parasitism adaptation and do not explore the coevolution mechanisms from the perspective of both host and parasite. Here, through the de novo sequencing and assembly of the genomes of giant panda roundworm, red panda roundworm, and lion roundworm parasitic on tiger, we investigated the genomic mechanisms of coevolution between nonmodel mammals and their parasitic roundworms and those of roundworm parasitism in general. The genome-wide phylogeny revealed that these parasitic roundworms have not phylogenetically coevolved with their hosts. The CTSZ and prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta (P4HB) immunoregulatory proteins played a central role in protein interaction between mammals and parasitic roundworms. The gene tree comparison identified that seven pairs of interactive proteins had consistent phylogenetic topology, suggesting their coevolution during host–parasite interaction. These coevolutionary proteins were particularly relevant to immune response. In addition, we found that the roundworms of both pandas exhibited higher proportions of metallopeptidase genes, and some positively selected genes were highly related to their larvae’s fast development. Our findings provide novel insights into the genetic mechanisms of coevolution between nonmodel mammals and parasites and offer the valuable genomic resources for scientific ascariasis prevention in both pandas.