bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of a handheld turbine spirometer to conventional spirometry in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Avdimiretz Nicholas , Wilson David , Grasemann Hartmut 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) ambulatory care, handheld spirometry in individual clinic rooms would improve patient flow and potentially reduce patient‐to‐patient contact. A validation study was conducted to examine the accuracy of an entirely handheld turbine spirometer vs a standard laboratory device in pediatric CF patients.MethodsSpirometric data were obtained from 76 CF patients aged less than 18 years in the ambulatory setting using the Micro Loop Spirometer (CareFusion) and compared to same‐day data from conventional laboratory spirometry.ResultsLinear relationships were obtained between devices, demonstrating good correlation: r = .99, .99, .97, and .82 for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEF25%‐75%, and peak expiratory flow, respectively (P < .001 for all). Biases (mean differences between devices) were −65 mL for FEV1 (P < .001) and −115 mL for FVC (P < .001) on the handheld. Bland‐Altman plots demonstrated scatter in bias across all volumes. Limits of agreement (defined as mean ± 2 standard deviations [SD]) were large: +189 to −319 mL for FEV1, equating to large limits of agreement for FEV1 percent predicted of +9.0% to −13.9%. For repeated measurements on the same device on different days, a larger percent SD was obtained with the handheld compared to the conventional spirometer (6.7% vs 5.1%, respectively). Importantly, a relatively large number (15%) demonstrated a decrease in FEV1 percent predicted of ≥10% on the handheld compared to conventional.ConclusionsThis suggests that while both devices have passed the recommendations for spirometry testing per American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society, handheld turbine vs conventional spirometers may not be used interchangeably in the pediatric CF population.
The evolution of spatial networks of migration in Brazil between 1980 and 2010
Authors: Carvalho Rodrigo Coelho de , Charles‐Edwards Elin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhile there is a large volume of research discussing the role of internal migration in the transformation of the Brazilian national settlement system, past studies have shown conflicting tendencies towards population concentration and dispersion. This paper analyses the evolution of the spatial networks formed by migration flows and the changes in the direction of these flows since the 1980s. Network analysis methods proved to be a valuable tool to determine the degree of concentration in the Brazilian migration system, examine the overall changes in the topology or shape of the migration network and study its spatial manifestations over time. Results indicate a highly concentrated migration system (notably polarised by the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo) but also evidence of a multiplication of both places of migration origin and destination, increasing connectivity and reciprocity of flows, although the pace of these changes seems to be slowing down.
Investigation of the effect of thermal insulation materials on packaging performance
Authors: Wang Kaibao , Yang Liu , Kucharek Mariusz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis investigation evaluates thermal insulation performance of a typical shipping container with different insulation materials. A mathematical model developed from our previous work was used to analyse the effect of packaging characteristics on insulative performance. A number of materials were employed as a liner to insulate a typical cardboard box, and the effect of these materials on package insulative performance was evaluated through experimental tests and the transistent thermal model. The results showed that application of aluminium foil to the internal liner surface of polyethylene gave 46% increase in the package insulative performance compared with the original polyethylene‐insulated packages. An improvement of 79% and 106% in insulative performance per unit liner thickness was obtained from packages insulated with a polyisocyanurate board and aerogel blanket compared with the polystyrene‐insulated package. The results also indicated that temperature surrounding the package played a significant role in the maximum insulation time. Furthermore, an excellent agreement was obtained between the mathematical model and the experimental results across all packaging aspects studied in this work.
What is the evidence on the best way to get evidence into use in education?
Authors: Gorard Stephen , See Beng Huat , Siddiqui Nadia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor decades there have been calls by concerned stakeholders to improve the quality of education research, and some progress has been made towards creating a more secure evidence base in some areas. More programmes and approaches that have a reasonable evidence base are now also being used in schools (but not in policy, and not necessarily because they have a reasonable evidence base). However, there has been no equivalent improvement in secure knowledge about how best to get that evidence into use, or even what difference it makes when such evidence is used. This paper looks at what little is already known about the different ways to get research evidence into use in education by summarising the results of a large‐scale review of the literature. A total of 323 of the most relevant studies were looked at across all areas of public policy, and judged for quality and contribution. Very few (33) were of the appropriate design and quality needed to make robust causal claims about evidence‐into‐use, and even fewer of these concerned education. This means that despite over 20 years of modest improvement in research on what works in education policy and practice, the evidence on how best to deploy these findings is still very weak. We consider studies in terms of several issues, including whether they look at changes in user knowledge and behaviour, or student outcomes, and how evidence is best modified before use. Providing access to raw research evidence or even slightly simplified evidence is not generally an effective way of getting it used, even if that evidence is presented to users by knowledge‐brokers, in short courses or similar. What is more likely to work for both policy and practice is the engineering of high quality evidence into a more usable format and presenting it actively or iteratively via a respected and trusted conduit, or through population measures such as legislation. Having the users actually do the research is another promising approach. Expecting each individual study they fund to have an impact is not the way forward, as this may encourage widespread use of ineffective or even harmful interventions. Publicly‐funded users, including policy‐makers, should be required to use evidence‐led programmes from those libraries providing them and which are appropriate and relevant to their aims. Research funders should support these approaches, and help to build up libraries of successfully tested programmes. Researchers need to be scrupulous, looking at their new evidence in the context of what is already known and not looking to obtain ‘impact’ from single studies. More and better research is needed on the best routes for evidence‐into‐use. However, the improvements required of all parties are as much ethical in nature as they are technical or scientific.
Adaptive event‐triggered neural control for nonlinear uncertain system with input constraint
Authors: Chen Wenli , Wang Jianhui , Ma Kemao , Wang Tao 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIn this article, the issue of developing an adaptive event‐triggered neural control for nonlinear uncertain system with input delay is investigated. The radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are adopted to approximate the uncertain terms, where the time‐varying approximation errors are considered into the approximation system. However, the RBFNNs' weight vector is extended, which may cause the computing burdens. To save network resource, the computing burden caused by the weight vector is handled with the developed adaptive control strategy. Furthermore, in order to compensate the effect of input delay, an auxiliary system is introduced into codesign. With the help of adaptive backstepping technique, an adaptive event‐triggered control approach is established. Under the proposed control approach, the effect of input delay can be compensated effectively while the considered system suffered network resource constraint, and all signals in the close‐loop system can be guarantee bounded. Finally, two simulation examples are given to verify the proposed control method's effectiveness.
Institutional entry barriers and spatial technology diffusion: Evidence from the broadband industry
Authors: Skiti Tedi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryIn this article, we examine the effects of institutional entry barriers on incumbent firms' technological diffusion. In particular, we combine new institutional economics and nonmarket perspectives to build a theoretical framework about the impact of local entry barriers on community‐based firms and how they affect incumbent firms' technology diffusion. We theorize that the local institutional environment reduces technology diffusion because of reduced entry threat, but incumbents' capabilities and the intensity of competition from private firms may moderate this effect. We exploit the exogenous geographical variation of alternative entry regimes in the U.S. broadband industry to causally capture incumbents' technology adoption strategies. This article suggests that local institutional contexts that advantage private firms over nonprivate firms may generate divergent spatial technology diffusion processes within and across firms.Managerial SummaryIn this article, we examine how firms adjust their technology adoption to their local institutional environment. We argue and empirically show that local institutions that restrict new entry by nonprivate firms reduce private incumbents' technology diffusion but the effect depends on firm and market characteristics. In particular, national incumbents are more resilient because of their capabilities while local competition by private firms moderates the negative effect of reduced entry threat. We use the context of the U.S. broadband industry to examine the effect of local institutions that provide advantages to some firms over others. Our results suggest that managers need to adjust their technology adoption strategies to the local regulatory environment taking into account firm's capabilities and market competition.
Mutualism and the dynamics of new platform creation: A study of Cisco and fog computing
Authors: Khanagha Saeed , Ansari Shahzad (Shaz) , Paroutis Sotirios , Oviedo Luciano 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResearch summaryHow firms respond to the emergence of dominant platforms that undermine their competitiveness remains a strategic puzzle. Our longitudinal study shows how one incumbent, Cisco, responded to such a challenge by creating a new platform, Fog, without undermining the dominant platform, Cloud, where it played a complementor role. By developing a process model we reveal how a firm in a peripheral role in a platform ecosystem can reposition itself through a dynamic mix of material, symbolic and institutional actions to develop and legitimize an alternative platform. This can be done first through symbiosis with the dominant platform, then partial competition with it. We theorize the value of a mutualistic “rising tide lifts all boats” strategy in contrast to hostile “winner takes all” approaches.Managerial summaryThe increasing pervasiveness of digital platforms are driving established firms to reboot their strategy to embrace emergent forms of competition, collaboration, and mutual coexistence. Fearing disruption in their traditional business models, firms may decide to jump into the platform game. However, this is not straightforward since they do not want to go head‐to‐head with existing platforms and alienate their partners and customers by being perceived as encroaching on their turf. We describe one way that established technology firms are overcoming this dilemma through a “rising‐tide‐lifts‐all‐boats” strategy to cultivate new platforms. We show the value of seemingly inconsistent and dynamic approaches toward strategic communication and investments firm can use to lead new platforms without facing backlash from others.
SDHA‐mediated Warburg effect in malignantly transformed human bronchial epithelial cells following long‐term exposure to radon
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhou Zongpeng , Wang Zikun , Li Xiangming , Lu Guangyu , Tong Jian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRadon and its progeny have been classified as human class I carcinogens by the IARC. However, the mechanisms by which radon induces lung and other cancers, especially the radon‐induced Warburg effect, have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the succinate dehydrogenase subunit A (SDHA)‐mediated Warburg effect in (human bronchial epithelial) BEAS‐2B cells with malignant transformations induced by long‐term radon exposure. Soft agar colony formation and MMP‐9 were increased following radon‐induced malignant transformation. Additionally, we observed the Warburg effect in BEAS‐2B cells following long‐term radon exposure, evidenced by increases in the levels of glucose uptake, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Following radon exposure, the expression of SDHA was decreased, while the levels of HIF‐1α and hexokinase‐2 (HK2) were increased. Our findings suggested that the SDHA‐associated pathway may be involved in mediating the Warburg effect in radon‐induced malignant transformation of BEAS‐2B.
Biologically influenced gas fluxes revealed by high‐resolution monitoring of unsaturated soil columns
Authors: Alibert Clement , Pili Eric , Barre Pierre , Massol Florent , Chollet Simon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractModulations of advective gas fluxes at the soil–atmosphere interface were investigated using an enhanced experimental setup developed to perform tracer gas percolation experiments through unsaturated soil columns under well‐controlled conditions associated with long‐term and high‐resolution monitoring. The setup design includes the effect of watering and evaporation cycles, barometric pressure fluctuations, variations in the injection pressure, and plant metabolism. Although injected at a constant flux at the base of the columns, SF6 surface fluxes varied on a timescale of hours to days. These modulations are controlled by (a) barometric pressure, (b) water content and distribution, and (c) plant metabolism. All three mainly act on the pressure gradient. Surface gas fluxes decrease under drying conditions, which increases gas porosity and the relative gas permeability and lowers the pressure gradient. Respiration of plant roots is shown to be responsible for daytime–nighttime oscillations of the tracer flux. During nighttime, O2 consumption and CO2 production locally lowers the pressure gradient up to the root zone due to the higher solubility of CO2 in pore water, resulting in an increased SF6 flux at the surface. During daytime, enhanced water loss by evapotranspiration associated with photosynthesis dominated the respiration effect and resulted in decreasing surface gas fluxes, as generally shown for drying conditions. Surface gas fluxes are therefore controlled by combined physical, chemical, and biological processes. This has important consequences, notably when discrete flux measurements are integrated in space and/or in time to quantify emissions or when used for detecting, identifying, or monitoring underground gas sources.
A simple model for Hawking radiation
Authors: Mondal Swapnamay 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We consider n free Majorana fermions probing a SYK system comprising of N Majorana fermions. We solve the full system in deep infrared and in large N (as well as large n) limit. The essential physics of the SYK system is not affected by the probe Majoranas, except addition of another tower of primaries. The SYK system is seen to induce maximal chaos as well as the whole spectrum of primaries, on to the probe system. The renormalization of soft mode action is computed. We comment on features in common with Hawking radiation.
Intraoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer treatment efficiently targets the tumor bed preventing breast adipose stromal cell outgrowth
Authors: Uhlig Stefanie , Wuhrer Anne , Berlit Sebastian , Tuschy Benjamin , Sütterlin Marc , Bieback Karen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in bone marrow have been shown to be radioresistant, which is related to pronounced DNA repair mechanisms. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) during breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer is an innovative technique applying low energy x‑ray to the tumor bed immediately after removal of the tumor. IORT is considered to reduce the risk of local tumor recurrence by directly targeting cells of the tumor bed and altering the local microenvironment. Aim of this study was to investigate whether IORT affects the outgrowth potential of breast adipose tissue-derived MSC (bASC) as part of the tumor bed.

Materials and methods
After surgical tumor resection, biopsies of the tumor bed were taken before (pre IORT) and after IORT (post IORT) and processed applying well-established protocols for ASC isolation and characterization.

Results
In all, 95% of pre IORT tumor bed samples yielded persistently outgrowing bASC with typical ASC characteristics: fibroblastoid morphology, proliferation, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation and ASC surface marker expression. However, none of the post IORT samples yielded persistent outgrowth of bASC.

Conclusions
After breast-conserving surgery, approximately 90% of local recurrences emerge in close proximity to the initial tumor bed, potentially reflecting a significant contribution of the tumor bed to relapse. Our data show that IORT, besides the proven effect on breast cancer cells, efficiently modifies the tumor environment by having an impact on tumor bed bASC. This effect on tumor bed stromal cells might contribute to reduce the risk of tumor relapse and metastases.
Independent evolution of pain insensitivity in African mole-rats: origins and mechanisms
Authors: Smith Ewan St. John , Park Thomas J. , Lewin Gary R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is famous for its longevity and unusual physiology. This eusocial species that lives in highly ordered and hierarchical colonies with a single breeding queen, also discovered secrets enabling somewhat pain-free living around 20 million years ago. Unlike most mammals, naked mole-rats do not feel the burn of chili pepper’s active ingredient, capsaicin, nor the sting of acid. Indeed, by accumulating mutations in genes encoding proteins that are only now being exploited as targets for new pain therapies (the nerve growth factor receptor TrkA and voltage-gated sodium channel, NaV1.7), this species mastered the art of analgesia before humans evolved. Recently, we have identified pain insensitivity as a trait shared by several closely related African mole-rat species. One of these African mole-rats, the Highveld mole-rat (Cryptomys hottentotus pretoriae), is uniquely completely impervious and pain free when confronted with electrophilic compounds that activate the TRPA1 ion channel. The Highveld mole-rat has evolved a biophysical mechanism to shut down the activation of sensory neurons that drive pain. In this review, we will show how mole-rats have evolved pain insensitivity as well as discussing what the proximate factors may have been that led to the evolution of pain-free traits.
Rationalization of detection of the multiple disorders
Authors: Szajowski Krzysztof J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe will analyze the importance of elements of a complex structure on the availability of the system. The basis for the element assessment are the importance measures for multi-state systems introduced by Birnbaum (in: Krishaiah, Econometrics, principal components, reliability, and applications, Academic Press, New York, 1969) and Barlow and Proshan (Stoch Process Appl 3:153–173, 1975). The availability depends not only on the reliability, but also on the difficulty of maintenance, the ability to diagnose the need for service and its efficient implementation. If we assume that the need for maintenance is the result of deregulation, then determining the key elements to detect the moment of disorder of the system will be the basis for assessing the importance of the element for the system maintenance process.
Understanding the self of people with dementia
Authors: Hutmacher Fabian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to create and maintain an ongoing life narrative is a key characteristic of what makes us human; however, people with dementia lose this ability in the course of the disease. If the notion of having a self is intimately linked with being able to create and maintain a life narrative and if people with dementia tend to lose this ability, what kind of self do people with dementia still possess?Objective and methodsRecent theories developed in psychology and philosophy suggest that at least two notions of the self have to be distinguished: the experiencing self and the remembering self. This distinction is applied to people with dementia.ResultsWhile the remembering self is impaired in people with dementia, their experiencing self remains relatively intact. Critically, the experiencing self is a self with inner depth, mirroring the life history of the individual. Thus, the self of people with dementia is not unextended in time. Although people with dementia may have lost the ability to tell a story about their life, they are still able to express this story in their behavior.ConclusionUnderstanding the structure of the self of people with dementia can help guide interactions as well as the designing of appropriate interventions and environments. Moreover, realizing the inner depth of the self of people with dementia may help acknowledge their dignity and personhood.