bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bolt Strength in Sectional Body Construction of Valves
Authors: Shitolé Bhaskar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
ASME B16.34-2017 Section 6.4.2 provides requirements for valves with bolted body joints and threaded body joints. The section states that valves with bodies of sectional construction such that bolted or threaded body joints are subject to piping mechanical loads in addition to the pressure rating for which the valve is designed, shall satisfy the following requirements. For bolted joints, the requirement is a simple formula where the product of pressure rating class designation and ratio of area bounded by the effective outside periphery of a gasket or O-ring or other seal-effective periphery and total effective bolt tensile stress area are less than a certain constant. For bolts of strength less than 137.9 MPa, the value of constant reduces as a multiple of 50.76 times the bolt tensile strength in MPa required or provided in a sectional construction. Section 6.4.3 cautions that the minimum requirements of ASME B16.34 may fall short in scenarios due to valve design, special gaskets, high temperature service, creep characteristics etc. This paper reviews and studies this ASME B16.34 requirement which was triggered by failure of a valve with section body construction in the field. Traditionally valves have been considered as rigid bodies when analyzing a piping system for stresses, support loads, terminal point loads and deflections. The rigid modelling assumes the strength of the valve is much higher than an equivalent straight length of pipe. Some computer programs have a provision that permits modeling the valve as a multiple like 3- or 4-times pipe section modulus. This paper compares the strength of piping and valves based on inherent valve body thickness, body sectional bolting provided and strength of the equivalent piping flanges. The paper makes conclusions for the user to be aware of so that pre-emptive actions can be taken when using valves with sectional body construction.
Development of the External Pressure Charts for 2¼Cr-1Mo and Mod.9Cr-1Mo Steel at Elevated Temperature Design
Authors: Ando Masanori , Okajima Satoshi , Imo Kazumichi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
For the required thickness estimation against buckling in the elevated temperature design, the external pressure chart for two kinds of ferritic steel, 2 1/4Cr-1Mo and Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel, was developed. On the basis of the guideline described in the ASME BPVC Section II, Part D, Mandatory Appendix 3 with mechanical and physical properties provided in the JSME fast reactor code, the external pressure charts for each material were constructed. The minimum stress-strain curve for evaluating the external pressure chart was applied the stress-strain equation with design yield strength, Sy, provided by the JSME fast reactor code. As a result, three external pressure charts with digital values were proposed for elevated temperature design. Moreover, the rationalization effect from the current alternative was evaluated by the sample problem. This proposal resolves two issues. One is alternative use of chart for lower strength material over the 150 °C. The other is the external pressure chart above 480°C for which ferritic steels are not available.
Seismic Evaluation Method of Piping Systems by Inelastic Response Spectrum Analysis: Part 1 — Response Analysis
Authors: Tamura Ichiro , Sakai Michiya , Matsuura Shinichi , Shimazu Ryuya , Tamashiro Hiroaki , Mabuchi Soichi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An inelastic response-spectrum-analysis method for multi-degree-of-freedom systems was proposed. The method has lower analysis loads and good outlook given by the inelastic response spectrum like the elastic response-spectrum-analysis method, and is not an equivalent-linearization method. We propose a seismic evaluation method of piping systems to conduct seismic design using the inelastic response-spectrum-analysis. In this paper, the inelastic analysis method of piping systems for the seismic evaluation method is proposed and applied to a benchmark analysis problem of a piping system vibration test. The analysis result is compared with the vibration test result of the piping system. They are consistent and applicability of the analysis to the piping system was confirmed.
Effects of Extreme Hydrogen Environments on the Fracture and Fatigue Behavior of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steels
Authors: Smith Thale R. , San Marchi Chris , Sugar Joshua D. , Balch Dorian K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) offers the potential for increased design flexibility in the low volume production of complex engineering components for hydrogen service. However, the suitability of AM materials for such extreme service environments remains to be evaluated. This work examines the effects of internal and external hydrogen on AM type 304L austenitic stainless steels fabricated via directed-energy deposition (DED) and powder bed fusion (PBF) processes. Under ambient test conditions, AM materials with minimal manufacturing defects exhibit excellent combinations of tensile strength, tensile ductility, and fatigue resistance. To probe the effects of extreme hydrogen environments on the AM materials, tensile and fatigue tests were performed after thermal-precharging in high pressure gaseous hydrogen (internal H) or in high pressure gaseous hydrogen (external H). Hydrogen appears to have a comparable influence on the AM 304L as in wrought materials, although the micromechanisms of tensile fracture and fatigue crack growth appear distinct. Specifically, microstructural characterization implicates the unique solidification microstructure of AM materials in the propagation of cracks under conditions of tensile fracture with hydrogen. These results highlight the need to establish comprehensive microstructure-property relationships for AM materials to ensure their suitability for use in extreme hydrogen environments.
Application of Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Methodology for Japanese Reactor Pressure Vessels Using PASCAL4
Authors: Lu Kai , Katsuyama Jinya , Li Yinsheng , Yoshimura Shinobu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) methodology, which represents the influence parameters in their inherent probabilistic distributions, is deemed to be promising in the structural integrity assessment of pressure-boundary components in nuclear power plants. To strengthen the applicability of PFM methodology in Japan, Japan Atomic Energy Agency has developed a PFM analysis code called PASCAL4 (PFM Analysis of Structural Components in Aging LWRs, Version 4) which can be used to evaluate the failure frequency of reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) considering neutron irradiation embrittlement and pressurized thermal shock events. PASCAL4 is expected to make a significant contribution to the probabilistic integrity assessment of Japanese RPVs. In this study, PFM analyses are performed for a Japanese model RPV using PASCAL4, and the effects of non-destructive examination and neutron fluence mitigation on failure frequency of RPV are quantitatively evaluated. From the analysis results, it is concluded that PASCAL4 is useful for the structural integrity assessment of RPVs and can enhance the applicability of PFM methodology.
Effect of Thermal Aging on the Deformation and Failure Behaviors of Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels Under Excessive Cyclic Loads
Authors: Kim Jin Weon , Kim Sang Eon , Kim Yun Jae 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study conducts failure tests using a simulated specimen to investigate the effect of thermal aging on the deformation and failure behaviors of system, structure, and components (SSCs) of nuclear power plants (NPPs) made of cast austenitic stainless steels (CASSs) under excessive seismic loads. Both unaged and thermally aged CF8A CASSs were used for the experiment, and the large cyclic loads in the form of displacement-control and load-control were applied at a quasi-static displacement rate. Displacement-controlled tests were performed at room temperature (RT) and 316°C and load-controlled tests were performed at RT. The results show that the deformation behaviors of aged CF8A CASS under both types of cyclic load are almost the same as those of unaged CF8A CASS. The thermal aging slightly promotes the failure of CF8A CASS under displacement-controlled cyclic loads, but the failure of specimen still occurs under the cyclic load levels several times higher than the load of the design basis earthquake. Under load-controlled cyclic loads, thermal aging retards the failure of CF8A CASS. Consequently, the thermal aging has no apparent negative effect on the deformation and failure behaviors of CASSs under large cyclic loads, even if it considerably changes the strength, ductility, and fracture toughness of CASSs.
Application Examples of ASME Code Case N-513 Implementation
Authors: McGill Robert O. , Cipolla Russell C. , Houston Eric J. , Janowiak Ronald J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Code Case N-513 provides evaluation rules and criteria for temporary acceptance of flaws, including through-wall flaws, in moderate energy piping. The application of the Code Case is restricted to Class 2 and 3 systems, so that safety issues regarding short-term system operation are minimized. The first version of the Code Case was published in 1997. Since then, there have been five revisions to the Code Case that have been published by ASME. The Code Case has been used numerous times by utilities to avoid unscheduled shutdowns without impacting plant safety.
Recent revisions of Code Case N-513 continue to expand its scope to piping components including elbows, reducers, branch tees and gate valve body ends. This paper provides three application examples of the Code Case implementation based on US plant operating experience. Specifically, detailed evaluations of through-wall leakage in straight pipe, a piping elbow and gate valve body end are provided. These examples will help facilitate Code Case implementation by future users.
Material Characterization on the Nickel-Based Alloy 600/82 NeT-TG6 Benchmark Weldments
Authors: Akrivos Vasileios , Smith Mike C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The NeT-TG6 project examines the behaviour of a three-pass slot-welded benchmark made from Alloy 600 base material and Alloy 82 weld metal. This paper reports the material characterization studies conducted as part of the extensive round-robin activities performed to characterise the residual stress state in the TG6 benchmark using both measurement and simulation. An additional three slot specimen with one, two and three pass welds was manufactured to allow extensive characterization studies and comparison with the actual NeT-TG6 specimen, which contains only a single three-pass weld. Optical metallography and chemical composition studies examined the variability of the chemical composition and microstructure between parent material and weld metal with varying levels of dilution and differing thermo-mechanical behaviour. Micro indentation measurements were used to acquire hardness maps of the welded samples and reveal the impact of thermo-mechanical cyclic history. Electron microscopy and in particular electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) was used to estimate the grain size variation, and, in the deformed parent and each weld bead, to assess the accumulation of plastic deformation.
Effect of Residual Stress on High Temperature Hydrogen Attack for Pressure Vessels
Authors: Honma Yuta , Hashi Kunihiko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Nelson curve for carbon steel without post welding heat treatment (PWHT) was reconsidered in Annex F of API PR941 8th Edition because a lot of hydrogen damage cases of carbon steel for pressure vessels and pipes with weld joint were reported. However the mechanism of the damage initiation has not been extensively studied. For these reason, the purpose of this study was to clarify effect of residual stress on high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) and examine the mechanism in terms of microstructure.
The specimens that were simulated welding residual stress by four point bending tool were exposed to high temperature and high pressure hydrogen gas to investigate relationship between damage initiation and condition of temperature and pressure. The frequency of damage occurred by residual stress under high temperature and low hydrogen pressure conditions was higher than that under low temperature and high pressure condition. The damage occurred on boundary of ferrite and pearlite. The grain reference orientation deviation (GROD) map obtained from EBSD measurement indicated the concentration of strain on the boundary generated by plastic deformation. Thus, the damage is most likely initiated by concentration of hydrogen on ferrite-pearlite boundary at which welding strain accumulated. Moreover the damage susceptibility of ferrite-pearlite structure was higher than that of bainite structure. The microstructures in base metal is ferrite-pearlite, but that in heat affected zone is bainite by reheating and cooling at welding. Hence, the base metal has higher damage susceptibility than HAZ.
In Vitro
Susceptibility of
Fusarium
to Isavuconazole
Authors: Broutin A. , Bigot J. , Senghor Y. , Moreno-Sabater A. , Guitard J. , Hennequin C. 
Published: November 2019

To evaluate the
in vitro
susceptibility of
Fusarium
to isavuconazole, 75 clinical isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry and then tested with a broth microdilution method (EUCAST) and the gradient concentration strip (GCS) technique. The activity of isavuconazole overall was shown to be limited, with an MIC
50
of >16 μg/ml, without significant differences between the species complexes.
Inter-rater reliability in a bespoke scoring tool: the Paediatric Observation Priority Score
Authors: Bonfield Adam , Roland Damian 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveInter-rater reliability (IRR) is rarely determined for scoring systems used to recognise deterioration in children. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to determine the IRR of the Paediatric Observation Priority Score (POPS), a bespoke paediatric scoring system for ED use. The IRR of both the overall POPS and its individual parameters are to be investigated.MethodsThis is an experimental, single-centre study based in the Leicester children’s ED, England. A purposive sample of nursing, healthcare assistants and doctors were recruited from October 2017 to December 2017. Eleven prerecorded video assessments were shown to 45 participants asked to generate a POPS for each child. The participants were blinded to each other’s scores and the triage POPS. IRR among the participants POPS was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Fleiss kappa was used to determine the IRR of individual parameters.ResultsOverall, the ICC across all assessments by staff was 0.84 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.95). Fleiss kappa for parameters ranged from 0.87 to 1 for oxygen saturation, 0.48 to 0.91 for work of breathing, 0.55 to 1 for response, 0.46 to 0.87 for gut feeling, 0.53 to 1 for medical history, 0.76 to 1 for heart rate, 0.44 to 0.96 for respiratory rate and 0.51 to 1 for temperature.ConclusionsThis study suggests there is statistically moderate to excellent IRR of the POPS when assessing a variety of clinical presentations between different healthcare professionals with a range of experience.
The incidence of airway haemorrhage in manual versus mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Asha Stephen Edward , Doyle Sarah , Paull Glenn , Hsieh Victar 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the incidence of airway haemorrhage between participants who received manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and those who had received mechanical CPR using the LUCAS device.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted by means of a medical chart review. All non-traumatic cardiac arrest patients that presented to the ED, from May 2014 to February 2018, were recruited. The groups were stratified according to those who had the majority of CPR performed using the LUCAS and those who had the majority of CPR performed manually. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with airway haemorrhage, defined as blood observed in the endotracheal tube, pharynx, trachea or mouth, and documented in the doctor or nursing notes. Logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for confounders.Results12 of 54 (22%) participants in the majority LUCAS CPR group had airway haemorrhage, compared with 20 of 215 (9%) participants in the majority manual CPR group, a difference of 13% (95% CI 3% to 26%, p=0.02). The unadjusted odds for developing airway haemorrhage in the majority LUCAS CPR group was 2.8 (95% CI 1.3 to 6.1). After adjusting for confounders, the odds for developing airway haemorrhage in the majority LUCAS CPR group was 2.5 (95% CI 1.1 to 5.7).ConclusionsThe LUCAS mechanical CPR device is associated with a higher incidence of airway haemorrhage compared with manual CPR. Limitations in the study design mean this conclusion is not robust.
Estimation of associations between 10 common gene polymorphisms and gastric cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis
Authors: Xie Zongjing , Wang Bingmei , Chai Yongjie , Chen Junyin 
Published: November 2019

AimsAssociations between polymorphisms in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)/mannose-binding lectin (MBL)/interleukin-4 (IL-4)/interleukin-6 (IL-6)/phospholipase C ε−1 (PLCE1) and gastric cancer (GC) were already reported by many studies, yet the conclusions of these studies were somehow controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to better clarify associations between polymorphisms inCTLA-4/MBL/IL-4/IL-6/PLCE1and GC by combing the results of all relevant studies.MethodsEligible studies were searched from PubMed, Embase, WOS and CNKI. We used Review Manager to combine the results of individual studies.ResultsForty-three studies were included in this meta-analysis. Combined results revealed thatCTLA-4rs5742909 (dominant comparison: OR: 1.58, 95 % CI: 1.01 to 2.48; allele comparison: OR: 1.69, 95 % CI: 1.12 to 2.56) andPLCE1rs2274223 (dominant comparison: OR: 0.84, 95 % CI: 0.72 to 0.98; recessive comparison: OR: 1.23, 95 % CI: 1.08 to 1.40; over-dominant comparison: OR: 1.16, 95 % CI: 1.00 to 1.34; allele comparison: OR 0.88, 95 % CI 0.78 to 0.99) polymorphisms were significantly associated with GC in the general population. We also obtained similar significant associations with GC for rs5742909 and rs2274223 polymorphisms in East Asians. Nevertheless, no positive results were observed for the other eight investigated polymorphisms.ConclusionCollectively, this meta-analysis demonstrated thatCTLA-4rs5742909 andPLCE1rs2274223 polymorphisms may confer susceptibility to GC, especially for East Asians.
Risk of non-affective psychotic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder by refugee status in Sweden
Authors: Duggal Arvinder K , Kirkbride James B , Dalman Christina , Hollander Anna-Clara 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundRefugees have different experiences of obtaining a refugee status, however it remains unclear if this affects their risk of psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate whether risk for non-affective psychotic disorder (NAPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) differs between quota refugees (resettled from refugee camps) and non-quota refugees (former asylum seekers).MethodA register-based cohort with a sample size of 52 561 refugees in Sweden starting 1 January 1997 ending 31 December 2011. Exposure: refugee status (quota or non-quota refugees). Cox regression models estimated adjusted HRs with 95% CIs for NAPD (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), F20–29) and PTSD (ICD-10, F43.1) by refugee status.ResultsThere were more non-quota refugees (77.0%) than quota refugees (23.0%). In total we identified 401 cases of NAPD, 1.0% among quota refugees and 0.7% among non-quota refugees, and 1070 cases of PTSD, 1.9% among quota refugees and 2.1% among non-quota refugees. Male quota refugees were at increased risk for NAPD compared with male non-quota refugees (HRmale=1.41, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.82 and HRfemale=0.65, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.00). All quota refugees were at a reduced risk of PTSD compared with non-quota refugees (HR=0.74, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.87).ConclusionsThis study suggests that risk of NAPD and PTSD varies for quota and non-quota refugees, highlighting the possibility that different experiences of the migration process differentiate the risk of psychiatric disorders among refugees.
Constraining exotic spin dependent interactions of muons and electrons
Authors: Yan H. , Sun G. A. , Peng S. M. , Guo H. , Liu B. Q. , Peng M. , Zheng H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMany experiments have been performed to search for the exotic spin-dependent interactions in ranges from $$\sim \upmu $$∼μm to astrophysical range which corresponds to the energy scale of less than $$\sim $$∼10 eV. At present, nearly all known experiments searching for these new interactions at the macroscopic range are for protons, neutrons, and electrons. Constraints at this range for other fermions such as muons are scarce, though muons might be the most suspicious particles which might take part in new interactions, considering their involvement of several well-known puzzles of modern physics. We use the anomalous magnetic moment and electric dipole moment (EDM) to study the exotic spin-dependent interactions for muons and electrons. The muon’s magnetic moment might indicate existing of the pseudo-scalar–pseudo-scalar (PP) type interaction. We set up a constraint for the scalar–pseudo-scalar (SP) type interaction at the interested range for muons. For the PP type interaction of electrons, we obtained a new constraint at the range of $$\sim $$∼ nm to $$\sim $$∼ 1 mm. Since all the present experiments searching for the new forces give zero results, it is reasonable to consider that these new interactions might only couple to muons. We propose to further search for the new interactions using the muon spin rotation techniques.
The NOTCH–FOXM1 Axis Plays a Key Role in Mitochondrial Biogenesis in the Induction of Human Stem Cell Memory–like CAR-T Cells
Authors: Kondo Taisuke , Ando Makoto , Nagai Nao , Tomisato Wataru , Srirat Tanakorn , Liu Binbin , Mise-Omata Setsuko , Ikeda Mari , Chikuma Shunsuke , Nishimasu Hiroshi , Nureki Osamu , Ohmura Mitsuyo , Hayakawa Noriyo , Hishiki Takako , Uchibori Ryosuke , Ozawa Keiya , Yoshimura Akihiko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that stem cell memory T (TSCM) cell-like properties are important for successful adoptive immunotherapy by the chimeric antigen receptor–engineered-T (CAR-T) cells. We previously reported that both human and murine-activated T cells are converted into stem cell memory-like T (iTSCM) cells by coculture with stromal OP9 cells expressing the NOTCH ligand. However, the mechanism of NOTCH-mediated iTSCM reprogramming remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that the NOTCH/OP9 system efficiently converted conventional human CAR-T cells into TSCM-like CAR-T, “CAR-iTSCM” cells, and that mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming played a key role in this conversion. NOTCH signaling promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid synthesis during iTSCM formation, which are essential for the properties of iTSCM cells. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) was identified as a downstream target of NOTCH, which was responsible for these metabolic changes and the subsequent iTSCM differentiation. Like NOTCH-induced CAR-iTSCM cells, FOXM1-induced CAR-iTSCM cells possessed superior antitumor potential compared with conventional CAR-T cells. We propose that NOTCH- or FOXM1-driven CAR-iTSCM formation is an effective strategy for improving cancer immunotherapy.

Significance:
Manipulation of signaling and metabolic pathways important for directing production of stem cell memory–like T cells may enable development of improved CAR-T cells.