bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hkakabo Razi landscape as one of the last exemplar of large contiguous forests
Authors: Suarez-Rubio Marcela , Connette Grant , Aung Thein , Kyaw Myint , Renner Swen C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDeforestation and forest degradation around the world endanger the functioning of ecosystems, climate stability, and conservation of biodiversity. We assessed the spatial and temporal dynamics of forest cover in Myanmar’s Hkakabo Razi Landscape (HRL) to determine its integrity based on forest change and fragmentation patterns from 1989 to 2016. Over 80% of the HRL was covered by natural areas, from which forest was the most prevalent (around 60%). Between 1989 and 2016, forest cover declined at an annual rate of 0.225%. Forest degradation occurred mainly around the larger plains of Putao and Naung Mung, areas with relatively high human activity. Although the rate of forest interior loss was approximately 2 to 3 times larger than the rate of total forest loss, forest interior was prevalent with little fragmentation. Physical and environmental variables were the main predictors of either remaining in the current land-cover class or transitioning to another class, although remaining in the current land cover was more likely than land conversion. The forests of the HRL have experienced low human impact and still constitute large tracts of contiguous forest interior. To ensure the protection of these large tracts of forest, sustainable forest policies and management should be implemented.
Neurotoxicity of HIV-1 Tat is attributed to its penetrating property
Authors: Tang Xiaoli , Lu Huafei , Ramratnam Bharat 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe have recently engineered an exosomal Tat (Exo-Tat) which can activate latent HIV-1 in resting CD4+ T lymphocytes from antiretroviral treated HIV-1 infected patients. HIV-1 Tat protein can penetrate cell membrane freely and secrete into extracellular medium. Exo-Tat loses this penetrating property. HIV-1 Tat protein can damage the synaptic membranes contributing to the development of dementia in HIV-1 infected patients. To investigate whether the penetrating property attributes to synaptic damage in vivo, we have generated adeno-associated viruses AAV-Tat and AAV-Exo-Tat viruses. Vehicle control or AAV viruses (1 × 1012 GC/mouse in 200 μl PBS) were injected into Balb/cj mice via tail veins. The mRNA and protein expression levels in blood, brain, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, lung, muscle and spleen were determined on day 21. Intravenously injected AAV-Tat or AAV-Exo-Tat mainly infects liver and heart. Short-term expression of Tat or Exo-Tat doesn’t change the expression levels of neuronal cytoskeletal marker β3-tubulin and synaptic marker postsynaptic density 95 protein (PSD-95). Wild-type Tat, but not Exo-Tat, reduces the expression level of synaptic marker synaptophysin significantly in mice, indicating that penetrating property of HIV-1 Tat protein attributes to synaptic damage.
Identification of the hypertension drug niflumic acid as a glycine receptor inhibitor
Authors: Ito Daishi , Kawazoe Yoshinori , Sato Ayato , Uesugi Motonari , Hirata Hiromi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGlycine is one of the major neurotransmitters in the brainstem and the spinal cord. Glycine binds to and activates glycine receptors (GlyRs), increasing Cl− conductance at postsynaptic sites. This glycinergic synaptic transmission contributes to the generation of respiratory rhythm and motor patterns. Strychnine inhibits GlyR by binding to glycine-binding site, while picrotoxin blocks GlyR by binding to the channel pore. We have previously reported that bath application of strychnine to zebrafish embryos causes bilateral muscle contractions in response to tactile stimulation. To explore the drug-mediated inhibition of GlyRs, we screened a chemical library of ~ 1,000 approved drugs and pharmacologically active molecules by observing touch-evoked response of zebrafish embryos in the presence of drugs. We found that exposure of zebrafish embryos to nifedipine (an inhibitor of voltage-gated calcium channel) or niflumic acid (an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2) caused bilateral muscle contractions just like strychnine-treated embryos showed. We then assayed strychnine, picrotoxin, nifedipine, and niflumic acid for concentration-dependent inhibition of glycine-mediated currents of GlyRs in oocytes and calculated IC50s. The results indicate that all of them concentration-dependently inhibit GlyR in the order of strychnine > picrotoxin > nifedipine > niflumic acid.
Transcriptomic and proteomic signatures of stemness and differentiation in the colon crypt
Authors: Habowski Amber N. , Flesher Jessica L. , Bates Jennifer M. , Tsai Chia-Feng , Martin Kendall , Zhao Rui , Ganesan Anand K. , Edwards Robert A. , Shi Tujin , Wiley H. Steven , Shi Yongsheng , Hertel Klemens J. , Waterman Marian L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntestinal stem cells are non-quiescent, dividing epithelial cells that rapidly differentiate into progenitor cells of the absorptive and secretory cell lineages. The kinetics of this process is rapid such that the epithelium is replaced weekly. To determine how the transcriptome and proteome keep pace with rapid differentiation, we developed a new cell sorting method to purify mouse colon epithelial cells. Here we show that alternative mRNA splicing and polyadenylation dominate changes in the transcriptome as stem cells differentiate into progenitors. In contrast, as progenitors differentiate into mature cell types, changes in mRNA levels dominate the transcriptome. RNA processing targets regulators of cell cycle, RNA, cell adhesion, SUMOylation, and Wnt and Notch signaling. Additionally, global proteome profiling detected >2,800 proteins and revealed RNA:protein patterns of abundance and correlation. Paired together, these data highlight new potentials for autocrine and feedback regulation and provide new insights into cell state transitions in the crypt.
FEDReD
Authors: Hottier C. , Babusiaux C. , Arenou F. 
Published: August 2020

Aims. We aim to map the 3D distribution of the interstellar extinction of the Milky Way disc up to distances larger than those probed with the Gaia parallax alone.
Methods. We applied the FEDReD (Field Extinction-Distance Relation Deconvolver) algorithm to the 2MASS near-infrared photometry together with the Gaia DR2 astrometry and photometry. This algorithm uses a Bayesian deconvolution approach, based on an empirical HR-diagram representative of the local thin disc, in order to map the extinction as a function of distance of various fields of view.
Results. We analysed more than 5.6 million stars to obtain an extinction map of the entire Galactic disc within |b| < 0.24°. This map provides information up to 5 kpc in the direction of the Galactic centre and more than 7 kpc in the direction of the anticentre. This map reveals the complete shape of structures that are known locally, such as the Vela complex and the split of the local arm. Furthermore, our extinction map shows many large “clean bubbles”, especially the one in the Sagittarius-Carina complex, and four others, which define a structure that we nickname the butterfly.
Magnetic field transport in compact binaries
Authors: Scepi N. , Lesur G. , Dubus G. , Jacquemin-Ide J. 
Published: August 2020

Context. Dwarf novæ (DNe) and low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) show eruptions that are thought to be due to a thermal-viscous instability in their accretion disk. These eruptions provide constraints on angular momentum transport mechanisms.
Aims. We explore the idea that angular momentum transport could be controlled by the dynamical evolution of the large-scale magnetic field. We study the impact of different prescriptions for the magnetic field evolution on the dynamics of the disk. This is a first step in confronting the theory of magnetic field transport with observations.
Methods. We developed a version of the disk instability model that evolves the density, the temperature, and the large-scale vertical magnetic flux simultaneously. We took into account the accretion driven by turbulence or by a magnetized outflow with prescriptions taken, respectively, from shearing box simulations or self-similar solutions of magnetized outflows. To evolve the magnetic flux, we used a toy model with physically motivated prescriptions that depend mainly on the local magnetization β, where β is the ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic pressure.
Results. We find that allowing magnetic flux to be advected inwards provides the best agreement with DNe light curves. This leads to a hybrid configuration with an inner magnetized disk, driven by angular momentum losses to an MHD outflow, sharply transiting to an outer weakly-magnetized turbulent disk where the eruptions are triggered. The dynamical impact is equivalent to truncating a viscous disk so that it does not extend down to the compact object, with the truncation radius dependent on the magnetic flux and evolving as Ṁ−2/3.
Conclusions. Models of DNe and LMXB light curves typically require the outer, viscous disk to be truncated in order to match the observations. There is no generic explanation for this truncation. We propose that it is a natural outcome of the presence of large-scale magnetic fields in both DNe and LMXBs, with the magnetic flux accumulating towards the center to produce a magnetized disk with a fast accretion timescale.
A multi-chord stellar occultation by the large trans-Neptunian object (174567) Varda
Authors: Souami D. , Braga-Ribas F. , Sicardy B. , Morgado B. , Ortiz J. L. , Desmars J. , Camargo J. I. B. , Vachier F. , Berthier J. , Carry B. , Anderson C. J. , Showers R. , Thomason K. , Maley P. D. , Thomas W. , Buie M. W. , Leiva R. , Keller J. M. , Vieira-Martins R. , Assafin M. , Santos-Sanz P. , Morales N. , Duffard R. , Benedetti-Rossi G. , Gomes-Júnior A. R. , Boufleur R. , Pereira C. L. , Margoti G. , Pavlov H. , George T. , Oesper D. , Bardecker J. , Dunford R. , Kehrli M. , Spencer C. , Cota J. M. , Garcia M. , Lara C. , McCandless K. A. , Self E. , Lecacheux J. , Frappa E. , Dunham D. , Emilio M. 
Published: August 2020

Context.We present results from the first recorded stellar occultation by the large trans-Neptunian object (174567) Varda that was observed on September 10, 2018. Varda belongs to the high-inclination dynamically excited population, and has a satellite, Ilmarë, which is half the size of Varda.Aims.We determine the size and albedo of Varda and constrain its 3D shape and density.Methods.Thirteen different sites in the USA monitored the event, five of which detected an occultation by the main body. A best-fitting ellipse to the occultation chords provides the instantaneous limb of the body, from which the geometric albedo is computed. The size and shape of Varda are evaluated, and its bulk density is constrained using Varda’s mass as is known from previous works.Results.The best-fitting elliptical limb has semi-major (equatorial) axis of (383 ± 3) km and an apparent oblateness of 0.066 ± 0.047, corresponding to an apparent area-equivalent radiusR′equiv = (370±7) km and geometric albedopv= 0.099 ± 0.002 assuming a visual absolute magnitudeHV= 3.81 ± 0.01. Using three possible rotational periods for the body (4.76, 5.91, and 7.87 h), we derive corresponding MacLaurin solutions. Furthermore, given the low-amplitude (0.06 ± 0.01) mag of the single-peaked rotational light-curve for the aforementioned periods, we consider the double periods. For the 5.91 h period (the most probable) and its double (11.82 h), we find bulk densities and true oblateness ofρ= (1.78 ± 0.06) g cm−3,ɛ= 0.235 ± 0.050, andρ= (1.23 ± 0.04) g cm−3,ɛ= 0.080 ± 0.049. However, it must be noted that the other solutions cannot be excluded just yet.
Sociological Research on Self-Employed Respondents in the Context of Developing Self-Employed Citizens’ Education Management in the Conditions of Digitalization
Authors: Razov Pavel Viktorovich , Korablin Yuriy Alekseevich , Oborskiy Aleksey Yurievich , Novikov Alexey V. , Shcherbachenko Petr S. 
Published: August 2020

The authors’ goal has been to show the need to improve both the general level of education of self-employed citizens, and, mainly, the actual level of specialized competencies. The modern world does not tolerate an unskilled approach in any business. Therefore, special education for self-employed citizens is their internal need that has direct impact on their well-being and relevance in the modern labor market. Real digital technologies aim at improving comfort for self-employed citizens while realizing their need in specialized education. For efficient forecasting, the inductive analysis method has been chosen. This is when the current and previous situations in the self-employed market are examined, then the main factors of the market development are revealed, and the main reasons for the formalization of self-employment are considered. Based on this, the prospects for increasing the self-employed citizens’ groups as consumers of general and specialized education are defined. Sociological instruments of this study include expert surveys, in-depth interviews, analysis of Internet publications of central print media, and content analysis.The main results of the study are as follows:• There is an exponential increase in the number of registered self-employed citizens – consumers of specialized education in the medium term.• Self-employed citizens specializing in such areas as IT, tutoring, online courses, beauty industry may become the most promising in the market of additional specialized education.• Self-employed citizens aged 35 – 45 are the most promising in the market of general education, mainly in pension legislation.• The accessibility of self-employed citizens as potential consumers of educational services can be ensured mainly through their official registration. The official registration of self-employed citizens can be stimulated by a) more favorable tax regimes for self-employed citizens, b) a simplified registration procedure, and c) the introduction of harsh administrative penalties for evading the registration.
Design and Implementation of Basic Department Operation Model
Authors: Khodakova Nina Pavlovna , Sukhova Elena Ivanovna , Smirnova Irina E. , Ilyushina Nataliya , Abdrashitova Tatyana Anatolievna 
Published: August 2020

The article deals with an approach to designing and implementing the operation model for the basic department in the education quality control system at higher education institutions. The approach refers to university structure within the framework of network interaction between university and school employees. The authors describe the designed structure and main components of the operation model of the university basic department and list organizational and pedagogical conditions for the implementation of the basic department model at university. The authors give a brief description and characterize the components required in the process of establishing the interaction: content-related, managerial and resulting. Within the framework of the model, the authors provide a brief personal characteristic of the head of the basic department that is essential and determines the key direction for development.The developed model has been implemented at the Institute of pedagogy and psychology of education of the State autonomous general education institution of higher education “Moscow City University” in cooperation with Moscow schools.
Heterogeneity in colorectal cancer incidence among people recommended 3-yearly surveillance post-polypectomy: a validation study
Authors: Robbins Emma C. , Wooldrage Kate , Stenson Iain , Pack Kevin , Duffy Stephen , Weller David , Levin Theodore , Conell Carol , Wright Suzanne , Nickerson Claire , Martin Jessica , Cross Amanda J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Colonoscopy surveillance is recommended for patients at increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) following adenoma removal. Low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups are defined by baseline adenoma characteristics. We previously examined intermediate-risk patients from hospital data and identified a higher-risk subgroup who benefited from surveillance and a lower-risk subgroup who may not require surveillance. This study explored whether these findings apply in individuals undergoing CRC screening.
Methods This retrospective study used data from the UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening Trial (UKFSST), English CRC screening pilot (ECP), and US Kaiser Permanente CRC prevention program (KPCP). Screening participants (50 – 74 years) classified as intermediate-risk at baseline colonoscopy were included. CRC data were available through 2006 (KPCP) or 2014 (UKFSST, ECP). Lower- and higher-risk subgroups were defined using our previously identified baseline risk factors: higher-risk participants had incomplete colonoscopies, poor bowel preparation, adenomas ≥ 20 mm or with high-grade dysplasia, or proximal polyps. We compared CRC incidence in these subgroups and in the presence vs. absence of surveillance using Cox regression.
Results Of 2291 intermediate-risk participants, 45 % were classified as higher risk. Median follow-up was 11.8 years. CRC incidence was higher in the higher-risk than lower-risk subgroup (hazard ratio [HR] 2.08, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.07 – 4.06). Surveillance reduced CRC incidence in higher-risk participants (HR 0.35, 95 %CI 0.14 – 0.86) but not statistically significantly so in lower-risk participants (HR 0.41, 95 %CI 0.12 – 1.38).
Conclusion As previously demonstrated for hospital patients, screening participants classified as intermediate risk comprised two risk subgroups. Surveillance clearly benefited the higher-risk subgroup.
The First Reported Pediatric Case of Primary Myoepithelial Carcinoma Involving the Whole Lung: Surgical Radical Treatment and Prosthesis Implant
Authors: Filisetti Claudia , Russo Tiziana , Pansini Andrea , Vella Claudio , Viglio Camilla , Riccipetitoni Giovanna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrimary myoepithelial carcinoma of the lung (PMC-L) arising from the bronchial glands in lower respiratory tract is exceedingly rare. Thus far, few cases in adults and only one in a pediatric patient have been recorded. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PMC-L successfully removed in a child, focusing on the importance of multidisciplinary primary surgery for the treatment of this tumor. A 7-year-old girl was admitted for persistent cough and fever; she was unresponsive to oral antibiotics. Chest radiography showed loss of volume of left lung sustained by almost total atelectasis. After routine clinical investigations, she was referred for computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging that documented the presence of a mass occupying the entire left upper lobe, infiltrating the pulmonary hilum (main bronchus, pulmonary artery, superior pulmonary vein, and pericardium). After multidisciplinary evaluation, the histopathologic diagnosis of PMC-L was established using ultrasonography-guided transthoracic core needle biopsy and bronchoscopic biopsies. She was then subjected to left pneumonectomy under extracorporeal circulation and positioning of a thoracic expander filled with 200 mL of saline solution. The postoperative course was uneventful. With TREP (very Rare Tumor in Pediatric Age) consent radiotherapy was performed (61.2 Gy). At the 10-month follow-up, the patient was alive, breathing normally without any oxygen support, without recurrence of PMC-L or metastasis, and without any chest deformity. To our knowledge, this is the first case where a pediatric patient was successfully operated for PMC-L involving the whole lung. Extracorporeal circulation enabled us to perform radical primary surgery. Prosthesis implant not only maintained normal chest expansion but also allowed focused radiotherapy, thus enabling us to prevent damage to vital organs.
From sociology of quantification to ethics of quantification
Authors: Saltelli Andrea , Di Fiore Monica 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuantifications are produced by several disciplinary houses in a myriad of different styles. The concerns about unethical use of algorithms, unintended consequences of metrics, as well as the warning about statistical and mathematical malpractices are all part of a general malaise, symptoms of our tight addiction to quantification. What problems are shared by all these instances of quantification? After reviewing existing concerns about different domains, the present perspective article illustrates the need and the urgency for an encompassing ethics of quantification. The difficulties to discipline the existing regime of numerification are addressed; obstacles and lock-ins are identified. Finally, indications for policies for different actors are suggested.
Public Service Broadcasting-Friends groups as a microcosm of public interest media advocacy
Authors: Ganter Sarah Anne , Herzog Christian , Milton Viola Candice 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article is concerned with the interdependencies between public service broadcasters and the third sector, an area in which there is little research that has provided in-depth analysis of case studies. It investigates and compares three public service broadcasting (PSB)-Friends groups in the UK, Australia, and South Africa. By means of analyzing semi-structured interviews and archival data, we address development, institutionalization and policy impact of the Voice of the Listener & Viewer, ABC-Friends, and SOS Coalition. Drawing on resource-mobilization theory we argue that, in particular, material, human, and informational resources, contextualized with political opportunities, have analytic value in explaining similarities and differences between the groups, which are conceived as a microcosm of public interest media advocacy.
Another story
Authors: Rodríguez Louro Celeste , Richard Sophie L. R. , Bharadwaj Sana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuotativebe likehas been described as “one of the most striking developments [in English]” (Tagliamonte and D’Arcy 2004: 493). Despite the vast research on quotatives and the upsurge ofbe like, the potential impact of discourse type on the grammar of quotation has rarely been assessed. Yet, discourse type has proved a relevant factor in linguistic variation (seeTravis 2007;Buchstaller 2011;Travis and Lindstrom 2016). Drawing on vernacular spoken data from our multigenerational corpus of Australian English, we include discourse type as a predictor in our recursive partitioning and logistic regression models. Our results show that similar linguistic constraints operate onbe likeacross discourse types. However, significant differences emerge regarding its social conditioning in narrative as opposed to non-narrative discourse, pointing to a strong association betweenbe likeand female storytelling.