bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Core/Shell Structured Ni/Fe3O4 Composites with Enhanced Electromagnetic Absorption Performances
Authors: Zhu Yanyan , Wang Hongyan , Zhang Keying , Chen Chong , Cao Hongxia 
Published: December 2020

Core/shell structured Ni/Fe3O4 composites with grain sizes of 200–800 nm were synthesized by using a hydrothermal method. The phase structure, morphology, magnetic and electromagnetic absorption properties of the as-prepared samples were characterized by various analysis techniques. Experimental results revealed that spinel Fe3O4 was in situ deposition on the surface of Ni spheres through electrostatic interactions. Moreover, the Ni/Fe3O4 mass ratios had a significant influence on the electromagnetic absorption performances. When the mass ratio of Ni/Fe3O4 was 1:1, the composites reached an outstanding reflection loss (RL) of [Formula: see text]48.06[Formula: see text]dB at 12.96[Formula: see text]GHz with a thin thickness of 1.8[Formula: see text]mm. Meanwhile, the effective absorption bandwidth was 5.36[Formula: see text]GHz (10.72–16.08[Formula: see text]GHz), covering the X and Ku bands. The enhanced electromagnetic absorption performance of core/shell structured Ni/Fe3O4 composites as compared to pure Ni, may be attributed to the multiple interfacial polarization, magnetic exchange coupling resonance and optimal impedance matching. Consequently, core/shell structured Ni/Fe3O4 composites would be promising candidates for a wider range of electromagnetic absorption applications.
L(3,2,1)-Labeling problems on trapezoid graphs
Authors: Amanathulla Sk , Pal Madhumangal 
Published: December 2020

In graph theory, one of the most important problems is graph labeling. Labeling of graph has a very wide range of applications in [Formula: see text]-ray crystallography, missile guidance, coding theory, signal processing, radar, data base management, astronomy, communication network addressing, circuit design, etc. An extension of [Formula: see text]-labeling ([Formula: see text]-labeling) is [Formula: see text]-labeling ([Formula: see text]-labeling), which is now becoming a well-studied problem due to its application in real life situations. [Formula: see text]-labeling problem and the importance of [Formula: see text]-labeling problem motivates us to consider [Formula: see text]-labeling problem for trapezoid graph. The [Formula: see text]-labeling of a graph [Formula: see text] is an assignment [Formula: see text] from [Formula: see text] to the set [Formula: see text] such that if [Formula: see text] then [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text] then [Formula: see text] and if [Formula: see text] then [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the distance between the nodes [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text]-labeling number of a graph is denoted by [Formula: see text], it is the highest label used to label the graph [Formula: see text]. In this paper, for trapezoid graph [Formula: see text], it is proved that [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the degree of the graph [Formula: see text]. This upper bound is the first upper bound for [Formula: see text]-labeling problem on trapezoid graph. Also, to label any trapezoid graph, we have designed an algorithm which maintains the upper bound of the label.
Modeling and analysis of media’s role in popularizing the blue whale game
Authors: Verma Harendra , Pandya Nidhi , Mishra Vishnu Narayan , Mathur Pankaj 
Published: December 2020

Media plays a vital role in disseminating any crucial information to the society. This helps the unaware population of the society to gain awareness regarding a particular information. But many times it is seen that, even though an information is being transmitted through the print or electronic media for a very long period of time, many youngsters although aware about the negative aspects of the information, act as unaware and sometimes face a fatal result as in the case of the Blue Whale Game. In this paper, we have proposed a mathematical model depicting the effect of transmitting an information by media, particularly “Blue Whale Game”. We have concluded with the help of some simple calculations and figures, that because of the prolonged repeated transmission by the media regarding the blue whale game, curiousness got generated among the young generation and they tried to know more and more about the game, which in turn made them follow the game as designed by the game developer and in many cases turned out to be lethal.
Genetic Ancestry Contributes to Somatic Mutations in Lung Cancers from Admixed Latin American Populations
Authors: Carrot-Zhang Jian , Soca-Chafre Giovanny , Patterson Nick , Thorner Aaron R. , Nag Anwesha , Watson Jacqueline , Genovese Giulio , Rodriguez July , Gelbard Maya K. , Corrales-Rodriguez Luis , Mitsuishi Yoichiro , Ha Gavin , Campbell Joshua D. , Oxnard Geoffrey R. , Arrieta Oscar , Cardona Andres F. , Gusev Alexander , Meyerson Matthew 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Inherited lung cancer risk, particularly in nonsmokers, is poorly understood. Genomic and ancestry analysis of 1,153 lung cancers from Latin America revealed striking associations between Native American ancestry and their somatic landscape, including tumor mutational burden, and specific driver mutations in EGFR, KRAS, and STK11. A local Native American ancestry risk score was more strongly correlated with EGFR mutation frequency compared with global ancestry correlation, suggesting that germline genetics (rather than environmental exposure) underlie these disparities.

Significance:
The frequency of somatic EGFR and KRAS mutations in lung cancer varies by ethnicity, but we do not understand why. Our study suggests that the variation in EGFR and KRAS mutation frequency is associated with genetic ancestry and suggests further studies to identify germline alleles that underpin this association.
See related commentary by Gomez et al., p. 534.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 521
Research network propagation: The impact of PhD students’
temporary international mobility
Authors: Horta Hugo , Birolini Sebastian , Cattaneo Mattia , Shen Wenqin , Paleari Stefano 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As the global mobility of researchers increases, many of whom are supported by national funding agencies’ mobility schemes, there is growing interest in understanding the impact of this overseas mobility on knowledge production and networking. This study addresses a relatively understudied mobility—the temporary international mobility of PhD students in STEM fields—and its relation to the establishment of research collaborations between mobile PhD students and researchers at the host university and with other researchers overseas. First, we find that 55% of the participants established relevant international collaborations (i.e., with hosting supervisors and/or others at the hosting university), and we explore these collaboration patterns in detail by taking a novel research propagation approach. Second, we identify features of the visiting period that influence the formation of research collaborations abroad, such as the prestige of the host university, the duration of the international mobility period, the cultural distance, and the number of peer PhD students at the host university. Previous research collaborations between the home and host supervisors are also found to play a crucial role in research collaboration development. Age at the time of mobility is not found to be particularly relevant. We find that female PhD students are less able to benefit from collaborative research efforts than male students. These findings advance the knowledge of global research networks and provide important insights for research funding agencies aiming to promote international research mobility at the doctoral level.
The effectiveness of peroneal nerve functional electrical simulation for the reduction of bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease: A feasibility study for a randomised control trial
Authors: Taylor Paul N , Sampson Trish , Beare Ben , Donavon-Hall Maggie , Thomas Peter W , Marques Elsa , Strike Paul , Seary Coralie , Stevenson Valerie L , Padiachy Diran , Lee James , Nell Sheila 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To assess the feasibility of a multi-site randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of functional electrical stimulation on bradykinesia in people with Parkinson’s disease. Design: A two-arm assessor blinded randomised controlled trial with an 18 weeks intervention period and 4 weeks post-intervention follow-up. Setting: Two UK hospitals; a therapy outpatient department in a district general hospital and a specialist neuroscience centre. Participants: A total of 64 participants with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and slow gait <1.25 ms−1. Interventions: Functional electrical stimulation delivered to the common peroneal nerve while walking in addition to standard care compared with standard care alone. Main measures: Feasibility aims included the determination of sample size, recruitment and retention rates, acceptability of the protocol and confirmation of the primary outcome measure. The outcome measures were 10 m walking speed, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test, Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39, EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level, New Freezing of Gait questionnaire, Falls Efficacy Score International and falls diary. Participants opinion on the study design and relevance of outcome measures were evaluated using an embedded qualitative study. Results: There was a mean difference between groups of 0.14 ms−1 (CI 0.03, 0.26) at week 18 in favour of the treatment group, which was maintained at week 22, 0.10 ms−1 (CI –0.05, 0.25). There was a mean difference in UPDRS motor examination score of –3.65 (CI –4.35, 0.54) at week 18 which was lost at week 22 –0.91 (CI –2.19, 2.26). Conclusion: The study design and intervention were feasible and supportive for a definitive trial. While both the study protocol and intervention were acceptable, recommendations for modifications are made.
The Prevalence of Nonsyndromic Oral Clefts in Twins Compared to Singletons: The Association With Birth Weight
Authors: Kariyawasam Diluma , Jahanfar Shayesteh 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: To examine the prevalence of nonsyndromic oral clefts in twins compared to singletons in the United States and to evaluate the association between birth weight and nonsyndromic oral clefts. Design: A large population-based cross-sectional study was performed using the data from the US National Center for Health Statistics database in 2017. Participants: Our sample consisted of 128 310 twins and 3 723 273 singletons. Methods: The variables collected were sociodemographic variables, environmental predictors, and clinical measures. Descriptive analysis, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Main Outcome Measure: The main outcome variable in our study is nonsyndromic oral clefts. Results: The prevalence of nonsyndromic oral clefts was 5.22 per 10 000 in twins and 5.12 per 10 000 in singletons. Results show no significant risk of nonsyndromic oral clefts in twins compared to singletons ( P = .92). There was a significant relationship between birth weight and infant diagnosed with nonsyndromic oral clefts ( P = .01). Unadjusted odds ratio for birth weight was 2.52 (95% CI: 2.25-2.82). Adjusted odds for potential confounders such as mother’s age, race, mother’s education, gender of the infant, APGAR 5-minute score, gestational age, prenatal smoking, number of prenatal care visits, and mother’s body mass index were resulted in similar but with a slightly lower odds of 2.11 (95% CI: 1.78-2.50). Conclusion: Compared to singletons, twins did not have higher risk of nonsyndromic oral clefts. Infants with low birth weight were more prone to have nonsyndromic oral clefts.
Periprosthetic femoral fractures in sideways fall configuration: comparative numerical analysis of the influence of femoral stem design
Authors: Franceschini Massimo , Barbera Luigi La , Anticonome Alberto , Ottardi Claudia , Tanaka Atsuki , Villa Tomaso 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of periprosthetic fractures occurring as a result of a sideways fall in total hip arthroplasty patients, and to compare the predictions of numerical models in terms of load distribution on the implanted femur with clinical data. Materials and methods: 3 numerical models were built: 1 for intact femur and 2 for implanted femur with a straight stem (resembling PBF, Permedica) and with an anatomical stem (resembling ABG II, Stryker). 4 loading configurations were simulated; 1 simulates a vertical load, and 3 simulate a fall with impact on the greater trochanter in different directions. Stress state calculated in the implanted femur was compared for the 2 models with reference to the intact case. These were compared with clinical data collected at a single centre (Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy) where 41 patients were investigated after periprosthetic fracture: 26 patients had a straight uncemented stem and 15 an anatomical uncemented stem. Results: The maximum calculated strain in compression in the case of ABG II implanted femur was 2 times higher than in the presence of PBF stem in the vertical loading configuration. For configurations of sideways fall, in both models, there was a progressive increase of stress state in the bone with increasing angle. Simulations of sideways fall elicited results in accordance with clinical observations: due to the peculiar stem design and consequent state of stress in the bone, anatomical stems seem to induce trochanteric fractures more frequently, while for straight stems type B fractures are more likely to occur. Conclusions: Clinical findings confirmed numerical model predictions: stem design seems to highly influence distribution of stress in the bone and consequent localisation of the fracture site.
Femoral revision in periprosthetic fractures using a titanium modular fluted tapered stem: mortality and clinical and radiological outcomes
Authors: Munegato Daniele , Caminita Agostino Dario , Sotiri Romeo , Rossi Andrea , Bigoni Marco , Zatti Giovanni 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the mortality and the outcomes of femoral revision in periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFF) using a titanium modular fluted tapered stem. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed femoral revisions performed for PFF with a titanium modular fluted tapered stem in 25 patients. The average age was 74.32 years. In 21 patients the type of fracture was Vancouver B2 and type B3 in 4 cases. The mean follow-up was 29.16 (0.83–104.1) months SD ± 29.49. Results: The 30-day and 1-year mortality were 8% and 12% respectively. The mean value of the Charlson Comorbidity Index was 4.8 and the mean value of ASA score was 2.4. The average time to surgery from admittance was 5.45 days with 20% of patients operated on within 48 hours. A significant correlation was found between ASA score and mortality. The mean HHS was 76 points; good-excellent results were recorded in 56% of patients. 72% had no pain and 28% had slight pain (VAS 1–3). 52% of patients were able to walk without pain, limp or aids. The mean implant subsidence was 1.57 mm and superior to 5 mm in 2 cases. As complications we recorded 4 implant dislocations (16%) and 2 infections. Reoperation rate was 12%. Conclusions: Femoral revision with a modular fluted tapered stem in patients with periprosthetic fractures results in good clinical and radiological outcomes. However, mortality remains high and, despite the modularity design, dislocation is the most frequent complication.
15-year follow-up of MoM 36-mm THA: clinical, laboratory, and radiological (CT and MRI) prospective assessment
Authors: Bozza Nicola , Guindani Nicola , Pezzotta Giuseppe , Alberto Ferrari , Castelli Claudio C 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: There is limited knowledge of the long-term results of metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty (MoM THA), particularly concerning adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR), Co/Cr ions level and revision rate. Even if MoM bearing surfaces are no longer used, long-term data could help in defining the course and best management for these patients. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical outcomes, describe radiological findings including CT metal artefact reduction algorithm for orthopaedic implants (O-MAR) and MRI multi acquisition variable resonance image combination (MAVRIC) in 36-mm MoM THA. Methods: In this long-term prospective study, 46 consecutive patients with primary MoM THA (mono- or bilateral) were enrolled between 2004 and 2005. Pinnacle acetabular cup, Summit cementless stem with 36-mm metal head and Ultamet CoCr alloy liner (Depuy Inc.) were implanted, in the same centre by the same senior surgeon. Patients were reviewed at 5-, 10- and 15-years, including Co/Cr levels and standard radiographs at every follow-up, whilst the 15-year follow-up included hip sonography, MRI MAVRIC and CT O-MAR. Results: At 15 years, the overall survival rate of the implants (both stems and cups) was 83% (30/36). Revisions were performed in 9% (4/46) because of ALTR, 2% (1/46) septic loosening and 2% periprosthetic fracture. Both Cr and Co concentration increased over time, even though remaining at low level risk at 15 years: Co from 0.11 (+/– 0.18) to 4.29 (+/– 3.26) and Cr from 0.38 (+/– 0.32) to 1.37 (+/– 1.15). Functional scores in non-revised patients showed good to excellent results in more than 90%. Engh-score correlated with time from surgery ( p = 0.017) and with sonographic, CT and RM findings ( p < 0.05). Concordance has been found between CT and MRI findings (sign-rank test, p = 0.241; Intraclass Correlation Coefficients 0.987); however, no specific MRI or CT lesion patterns could be recognised among symptomatic and non-symptomatic patients. Discussion: The long-term rate of ALTR after 36-mm MoM THA was comparable with previous studies; a regular follow-up for those implants is mandatory. During follow-up Co-Cr levels increased over time and radiography was a suitable screening technique; the Engh score in particular, proved to be a reliable assessment tool. CT O-MAR and MRI with MAVRIC protocols may add valuable data in clinical practice, although MRI is significantly more efficient than CT in the identification of ALTR lesions, peri-articular effusion and in the evaluation of soft tissues.
Unstable total hip replacement: why? Clinical and radiological aspects
Authors: Perticarini Loris , Rossi Stefano M P , Benazzo Francesco 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the most common cause of revision hip surgery in the United States, ahead of aseptic loosening and infection, and is responsible for considerable economic cost related to frequent readmission and/or revision surgery. The aim of this article is to identify the clinical and radiological factors related to the unstable total hip replacement. Methods: We performed a literature search to assess current strategies to define clinical and radiological characteristics of dislocation after primary THA using the PubMed platform. The characteristics related to THA instability were divided into patient related factors, implant related factors and surgeon experience. Results: Patient-related factors for instability identified are: age; inflammatory joint disease; prior hip surgery; preoperative diagnosis; comorbidity; ASA score; presence of spino-pelvic abnormality; and neurological disability. Gender, simultaneous bilateral THA and restrictive postoperative precautions do not influence rate of THA dislocation. Implant related factors identified are: surgical approach; component malposition; femoral head size; and the use of dual-mobility or constrained solution. Surgeon experience also reduces the rate of dislocation. Discussion: Dislocation is a major complication of THAs, and causes include patient-derived factors, surgical factors, or both. It is imperative to determine the cause of the instability via a complete patient and radiographic evaluation and to adjust the reconstruction strategy accordingly.
The Feasibility and Effects of Qigong Intervention (Mind-Body Exercise) in Cancer Patients With Insomnia: A Pilot Qualitative Study
Authors: Low Sara L. K. , Cheema Birinder S. , Tan Hsiewe Ying , Birling Yoann , Zhu Xiaoshu 
Published: December 2020

Background: Up to 80% of cancer patients experience insomnia that significantly affects their quality of life. This pilot qualitative study investigated the feasibility and effects of a 3-week Qigong (mind-body exercise) intervention with a 1-week follow-up in cancer patients experiencing insomnia. Methods: Cancer patients with insomnia who had completed radiotherapy or chemotherapy treatment and/or were at least 8 weeks post-cancer-related surgery were recruited. Primary outcomes were feasibility outcomes, which included recruitment, retention, attendance, completion of assessment, adverse events and participant feedback via a questionnaire and focus group/individual interview. Secondary outcomes on insomnia severity and sleep quality were measured using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at baseline, mid, post-intervention and follow-up. Results: Seven participants were recruited and two withdrew from the study. The participant retention rate was 71.4% with an overall attendance rate of more than 84% and participants were able to complete all required assessments. An adverse event relating to the worsening of existing musculoskeletal condition was reported. Qualitative analysis of participant feedback identified 4 emerging themes: (1) experience from Qigong intervention; (2) class preferences; (3) barriers to participation; and (4) recommendation for improvement. Participants reported increased relaxation, improved sleep and energy level, better upper body flexibility and reduced stress. Both ISI and PSQI scores improved significantly ( P < .05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that it is feasible to employ the current clinical trial design using Qigong intervention on insomnia in cancer patients. Preliminary data suggest that the intervention may improve sleep outcomes, however, these findings need to be confirmed by future robust randomized controlled trials. Trial registration: The trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001670268) http://www.ANZCTR.org.au/ACTRN12618001670268.aspxon10October2018 .
Digoxin-specific antibody fragments for the treatment of suspected Nerium oleander toxicosis in a cat
Authors: Galton Aaron F , Granfone Marcella C , Caldwell Dana J 
Published: December 2020

Case summary A 6-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat presented for lethargy and gastrointestinal signs after possible exposure to Nerium oleander leaves. The cat developed a ventricular arrhythmia that responded positively to the administration of digoxin-specific antibody fragments. Underlying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was also diagnosed after the development of congestive heart failure. Humane euthanasia was elected owing to a lack of significant response to continued therapy. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the use of digoxin-specific antibody fragments in a cat. Nerium oleander toxicosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and digoxin-specific antibody fragments have been used effectively in humans and animals. The development of cardiac necrosis may have contributed to worsening arrhythmias and highlights the importance of early intervention. The use of digoxin-specific antibody fragments for suspected N oleander toxicosis in a cat resulted in a rapid response and appeared to be well tolerated.