bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genes acting in longevity‐related pathways in the endoparasitoid, Pteromalus puparum
Authors: Xiong Shijiao , Yu Kaili , Ye Xinhai , Fang Qi , Deng Yi , Xiao Shan , Yang Lei , Wang Beibei , Wang Fei , Yan Zhichao , Wang Fang , Song Qisheng , Stanley David W. , Ye Gongyin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAmong insects, lifespans vary over a broad range, from the short‐lived mayflies to the 17‐year periodical cicadas. Generally, lifespans are determined by a phase in life, the reproductive lifespan, which varies among species. Numerous pathways, such as the insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signaling pathway, the target of rapamycin pathway and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinases pathways, influence aging and lifespan. Components of these pathways were identified as lifespan‐related genes, including genes mediating growth, metabolism, development, resistance, and other processes. Many age‐related genes have been discovered in fruit flies, honeybees, and ants among other insect species. Studies of insect aging and longevity can help understand insect biology and develop new pest management technologies. In this paper, we interrogated the new Pteromalus puparum genome, from which we predicted 133 putative lifespan‐related genes based on their homology with known lifespan‐related genes of Drosophila melanogaster. These genes function in five signaling pathways and three physiological processes. The conserved domain structures of these genes were predicted and their expression patterns were analyzed. Amino acid sequence alignments and domain structure analysis indicate that most components remain conserved across at least six insect orders. The data in this paper will facilitate future work on parasitoid lifespans, which may have economic value in biocontrol programs.
Prevalence of Motor Difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Analysis of a Population‐Based Cohort
Authors: Licari Melissa K. , Alvares Gail A. , Varcin Kandice , Evans Kiah L. , Cleary Dominique , Reid Siobhan L. , Glasson Emma J. , Bebbington Keely , Reynolds Jess E. , Wray John , Whitehouse Andrew J. O. 
Published: October 2019

Motor impairment is not currently included in the diagnostic criteria or evaluation of autism. This reflects the lack of large‐scale studies demonstrating its prominence to advocate for change. We examined the prevalence of motor difficulties at the time of diagnosis in a large sample of children with autism utilizing standardized assessment, and the relationship between motor difficulties, core autism symptomology, and other prominent clinical features. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales were administered to children from the Western Australian Register for Autism Spectrum Disorders aged ≤6 years (N = 2,084; 81.2% males, 18.8% females). Prevalence of motor difficulties was quantified based on scores from the motor domain of the Vineland and then compared to other domains of functioning within the Vineland (communication, daily living, and socialization), the DSM criteria, intellectual level, age, and gender. Scores on the Vineland indicated that 35.4% of the sample met criteria for motor difficulties (standard score <70), a rate almost as common as intellectual impairment (37.7%). Motor difficulties were reported by diagnosing clinicians in only 1.34% of cases. Motor difficulties were common in those cases meeting diagnostic criteria for impairments in nonverbal behavior and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors. The prevalence of motor difficulties also increased with increasing age of diagnosis (P < 0.001). Findings from the present study highlight the need for further consideration of motor difficulties as a distinct specifier within the diagnostic criteria for ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 298–306. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryIn this population‐based cohort that included 2,084 children with autism aged ≤6 years, over one‐third met the criteria for motor difficulties, a rate almost as common as intellectual disability. This study demonstrates that motor difficulties are a prominent feature of the autism phenotype requiring further consideration in both the diagnostic criteria and evaluation of autism.
Circle of Willis anomalies in Turner syndrome: Absent A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery
Authors: Kruszka Paul , Buscetta Ashley , Acosta Maria T. , Banks Nicole , Addissie Yonit A. , Toro Camilo , Luby Marie , Latour Lawrence , Vezina Gilbert , Page David C. , Muenke Maximilian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeTurner syndrome (TS) is the most common sex chromosome disorder in women and is associated with a higher than expected death rate secondary to cerebrovascular disease, including stroke. This study evaluates the cerebral vascular anatomy of individuals with TS.MethodsTwenty‐one women with TS had brain magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). These MRAs were evaluated in a blinded manner with a control group of 25 men and 25 women who had MRA imaging for multiple indications including migraine headaches, psychiatric disorders, and seizures.ResultsTwenty‐nine percent of women with TS were missing an A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) compared to 0% in the control group (p < .001). There were no other significant differences in the circle of Willis (COW) in women with TS compared with the control group. A complete COW was found in 3 of 21 (14%) of women with TS and 12 of 47 (26%) controls (p = .36).ConclusionWomen with TS have a significantly different intracranial vascular anatomy, specifically the absence of the A1 segment of the ACA when compared to male and female controls. More research in brain imaging in women with TS and stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases is needed to determine the clinical significance of this anomaly.
Comparison of the therapeutic effect of amniotic fluid stem cells and their exosomes on monoiodoacetate‐induced animal model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Zavatti Manuela , Beretti Francesca , Casciaro Francesca , Bertucci Emma , Maraldi Tullia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe cartilage tissue engineering associated with stem cell‐related therapies is becoming very interesting since adult articular cartilage has limited intrinsic capacity for regeneration upon injury. Amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC) have been shown to produce exosomes with growth factors and immunomodulating molecules that could stop tissue degradation and induce cartilage repair. Based on this state of the art, the main aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of the secreted exosomes, compared to their AFSC source, in MIA‐induced animal model of osteoarthritis mimicking a chronic and degenerative process, where inflammation is also involved and lead to irreversible joint damage. Exosomes, obtained by the use of a commercial kit, prior to the injection in animal knee joints, were characterized for the presence of typical markers and HGF, TGFβ, and IDO. Then, analyses were performed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and behavioral scoring up to 3 weeks after the treatment. Exosome‐treated defects showed enhanced pain tolerance level and improved histological scores than the AFSC‐treated defects. Indeed by 3 weeks, TGFβ‐rich exosome samples induced an almost complete restoration of cartilage with good surface regularity and with the characteristic of hyaline cartilage. Moreover, cells positive for resolving macrophage marker were more easily detectable into exosome‐treated joints. Therefore, a modulating role for exosomes on macrophage polarization is conceivable, as demonstrated also by experiments performed on THP1 macrophages. In conclusion, this study demonstrates for the first time the efficacy of human AFSC exosomes in counteract cartilage damage, showing a positive correlation with their TGFβ content.
Ultrastable CoxSiyOz Nanowires by Glancing Angle Deposition with Magnetron Sputtering as Novel Electrocatalyst for Water Oxidation
Authors: Cano Manuel , Garcia‐Garcia Francisco J. , Rodríguez‐Padrón Daily , González‐Elipe Agustín R. , Giner‐Casares Juan J. , Luque Rafael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCobalt is one of the most promising non‐noble metal as electrocatalyst for water oxidation. Herein, a highly stable silicon‐cobalt mixed oxide thin film with a porous columnar nanostructure is proposed as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). CoOx and CoxSiyOz layers with similar thickness were fabricated at room temperature by magnetron sputtering in a glancing angle configuration (MS‐GLAD) on tin‐doped indium oxide (ITO) substrates. After characterization, a comparative study of the electrocatalytic performance for OER of both layers was carried out. The excellent long‐term stability as electrocatalyst for OER of the porous CoxSiyOz thin film demonstrates that the presence of silicon on the mixed oxide network increases the mechanical stability of the Si/Co layer, whilst maintaining a considerable electrocatalytic response.
Continuous Flow Synthesis of ACE Inhibitors From N‐Substituted l‐Alanine Derivatives
Authors: Breen Christopher P. , Jamison Timothy F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA strategy for the continuous flow synthesis of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors is described. An optimization effort guided by in situ IR analysis resulted in a general amide coupling approach facilitated by N‐carboxyanhydride (NCA) activation that was further characterized by reaction kinetics analysis in batch. The three‐step continuous process was demonstrated by synthesizing 8 different ACE inhibitors in up to 88 % yield with throughputs in the range of ≈0.5 g h−1, all while avoiding both isolation of reactive intermediates and process intensive reaction conditions. The process was further developed by preparing enalapril, a World Health Organization (WHO) essential medicine, in an industrially relevant flow platform that scaled throughput to ≈1 g h−1.
Catalyst Control in Switching the Site Selectivity of C−H Olefinations of 1,2‐Dihydroquinolines: An Approach to Positional‐Selective Functionalization of Quinolines
Authors: Das Riki , Khot Nandkishor Prakash , Deshpande Akanksha Santosh , Kapur Manmohan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA unique approach to achieve site‐selective C−H olefinations exclusively at the C‐3‐ or C‐8‐positions in the quinoline framework has been developed by catalyst control. Distal C(3)−H functionalization is achieved by using palladium catalysis, whereas proximal C(8)−H functionalization is obtained by employing ruthenium catalysis. Switching the site selectivity within a single substrate directly indicates two diverse pathways, which are operating under the palladium‐ and ruthenium‐catalyzed reaction conditions.
Metagenomic Analysis of Bacterial Communities from a Nitrification–Denitrification Treatment of Landfill Leachates
Authors: Díaz Ana Isabel , Oulego Paula , Laca Adriana , González José Manuel , Díaz Mario 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe efficiency of the biological removal of carbon and nitrogen from leachates is determined by the activity of microbial populations present in biological reactors. In this work, a complete characterization of bacterial communities revealed by personal genome machine sequencing (PGM) has been carried out from different points of a nitrification–denitrification process operated in an urban landfill. The leachate fed to the treatment is a mixture of young leachate, old leachate, and effluent from an anaerobic digestion process, in a volume ratio of 1:0.9:0.12, respectively. The anoxic and oxic reactors are followed by an ultrafiltration step. Samples are taken from different points of the process. Results reveal the microbial diversity of the samples, which include detection of minority populations that are difficult to explore by other methods. Bacteria belonging to Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria are dominant in all the samples analyzed. Proteobacteria represents more than 50% of the total population in all cases. Samples taken after the biological treatment show a significant reduction in the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Tenericutes, and Lentisphaerae phyla in comparation with the initial leachate. The relative abundance of the classes is also studied and the most abundant in the samples are β‐Proteobacteria and Flavobacteria.
Phase 1 dose‐finding study of metformin in combination with concurrent cisplatin and radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer
Authors: Gulati Shuchi , Desai Janki , Palackdharry Sarah M. , Morris John C. , Zhu Zheng , Jandarov Roman , Riaz Muhammad K. , Takiar Vinita , Mierzwa Michelle , Gutkind J. Silvio , Molinolo Alfredo , Desai Pankaj B. , Sadraei Nooshin Hashemi , Wise‐Draper Trisha M. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate remains at 50% for patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC), thereby underscoring the need for improved treatments. An antidiabetic agent, metformin, was found in retrospective studies to improve survival in patients with HNSCC. Therefore, the authors conducted a phase 1 dose escalation study combining metformin with chemoradiotherapy in patients with LAHNSCC.MethodsNondiabetic patients with LAHNSCC were enrolled in the current study to receive escalating doses of metformin and CRT based on the modified toxicity probability interval design. Metformin cohort doses included 2000 mg, 2550 mg, and 3000 mg daily in divided doses in addition to cisplatin (at a dose of 100 mg/m2 on days 1, 22, and 43) and standard radiotherapy (70 grays). Adverse events were categorized as per the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.03).ResultsTwenty patients were enrolled, 2 of whom withdrew consent. The median age of the patients was 56 years and the majority were male (83%), were white (88%), had p16‐positive disease (72%), and were tobacco users (61%). The median length of metformin exposure was 28.5 days. The most common grade ≥3 toxicities were nausea (11%), vomiting (11%), mucositis (6%), acute kidney injury (17%), anemia (6%), and leukopenia (11%). Dose‐limiting toxicities included diarrhea and acute kidney injury. After a median follow‐up of 19 months, the 2‐year overall survival and progression‐free survival rates were 90% and 84%, respectively. No hypoglycemia events or lactic acidosis were observed. Cisplatin administration did not appear to affect metformin pharmacokinetics. The maximum tolerated dose for metformin could not be determined given the limited number of patients who tolerated metformin during chemoradiotherapy.ConclusionsTo the authors’ knowledge, the current study is the first phase 1 trial combining metformin with chemoradiotherapy. Rates of overall survival and progression‐free survival were encouraging in this limited patient population, and warrant further investigation in a phase 2 trial.
Electrolyte Effects on the Electrocatalytic Performance of Iridium‐Based Nanoparticles for Oxygen Evolution in Rotating Disc Electrodes
Authors: Arminio‐Ravelo José Alejandro , Jensen Anders W. , Jensen Kim D. , Quinson Jonathan , Escudero‐Escribano María 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProton exchange membrane water electrolysers are very promising renewable energy conversion devices that produce hydrogen from sustainable feedstocks. These devices are mainly limited by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Ir‐based nanoparticles are both reasonably active and stable for the OER in acidic media. The electrolyte composition and the pH may play a crucial role in electrocatalysis, yet they have been widely overlooked for the OER. Herein, we present a study on the effects of the composition and concentration of the electrolyte on commercial Ir black nanoparticles using concentrations of 0.05 M, 0.1 M and 0.5 M of both sulphuric and perchloric acid. The results show an important effect of the electrolyte composition on the catalytic performance of the Ir nanoparticles. The concentration of H2SO4interferes on the oxidation of Ir and decreases the catalytic performance of the catalyst. HClO4does not show strong interferences in the electrochemistry of Ir. Higher catalytic performances are observed in HClO4electrolytes in comparison to H2SO4with little effect of the concentration of HClO4.
PFARS: Enhancing throughput and lifetime of heterogeneous WSNs through power‐aware fusion, aggregation, and routing scheme
Authors: Khan Rahim , Zakarya Muhammad , Tan Zhiyuan , Usman Muhammad , Jan Mian Ahmad , Khan Mukhtaj 
Published: October 2019

SummaryHeterogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of resource‐starving nodes that face a challenging task of handling various issues such as data redundancy, data fusion, congestion control, and energy efficiency. In these networks, data fusion algorithms process the raw data generated by a sensor node in an energy‐efficient manner to reduce redundancy, improve accuracy, and enhance the network lifetime. In literature, these issues are addressed individually, and most of the proposed solutions are either application‐specific or too complex that make their implementation unrealistic, specifically, in a resource‐constrained environment. In this paper, we propose a novel node‐level data fusion algorithm for heterogeneous WSNs to detect noisy data and replace them with highly refined data. To minimize the amount of transmitted data, a hybrid data aggregation algorithm is proposed that performs in‐network processing while preserving the reliability of gathered data. This combination of data fusion and data aggregation algorithms effectively handle the aforementioned issues by ensuring an efficient utilization of the available resources. Apart from fusion and aggregation, a biased traffic distribution algorithm is introduced that considerably increases the overall lifetime of heterogeneous WSNs. The proposed algorithm performs the tedious task of traffic distribution according to the network's statistics, ie, the residual energy of neighboring nodes and their importance from a network's connectivity perspective. All our proposed algorithms were tested on a real‐time dataset obtained through our deployed heterogeneous WSN in an orange orchard and also on publicly available benchmark datasets. Experimental results verify that our proposed algorithms outperform the existing approaches in terms of various performance metrics such as throughput, lifetime, data accuracy, computational time, and delay.
Comparing eDNA metabarcoding and species collection for documenting Arctic metazoan biodiversity
Authors: Leduc Noémie , Lacoursière‐Roussel Anaïs , Howland Kimberly L. , Archambault Philippe , Sevellec Maelle , Normandeau Eric , Dispas Antoine , Winkler Gesche , McKindsey Christopher W. , Simard Nathalie , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundArctic biodiversity has long been poorly documented and is now facing rapid transformations due to ongoing climate change and other impacts, including shipping activities. These changes are placing marine coastal invertebrate communities at greater risk, especially in sensitive areas such as commercial ports. Preserving biodiversity is a significant challenge, going far beyond the protection of charismatic species and involving suitable knowledge of the spatiotemporal organization of species. Therefore, knowledge of alpha, beta, and gamma biodiversity is of great importance to achieve this objective, particularly when partnered with new cost‐effective approaches to monitor biodiversity.Method and resultsThis study compares metabarcoding of COI mitochondrial and 18S rRNA genes from environmental DNA (eDNA) water samples with standard invertebrate species collection methods to document community patterns at multiple spatial scales. Water samples (250 ml) were collected at three different depths within three Canadian Arctic ports: Churchill, MB; Iqaluit, NU; and Deception Bay, QC. From these samples, 202 genera distributed across more than 15 phyla were detected using eDNA metabarcoding, of which only 9%–15% were also identified through species collection at the same sites. Significant differences in taxonomic richness and community composition were observed between eDNA and species collections at both local and regional scales. This study shows that eDNA dispersion in the Arctic Ocean reduces beta diversity in comparison with species collections while emphasizing the importance of pelagic life stages for eDNA detection.ConclusionThe study also highlights the potential of eDNA metabarcoding to assess large‐scale Arctic marine invertebrate diversity while emphasizing that eDNA and species collection should be considered as complementary tools to provide a more holistic picture of coastal marine invertebrate communities.
Parametric optimization of a direct injection ‐ compression ignition engine fuelled with butanol/diesel blend using response surface methodology
Authors: Kattela Siva Prasad , Surapaneni Srinivasa Rao , V. R. K. Raju 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper presents results of a simulation study on the performance and emission characteristics of a direct injection compression ignition engine, fuelled with butanol/diesel blend (20% of butanol‐by volume, called as Bu20). The aim of this study is identify optimum values of the engine operating parameters for this Bu20 fuel, which give the best performance with minimum emissions. CONVERGE CFD software was used to carry‐out the simulation studies. Simulation studies were carried out by varying four operating parameters of the engine, viz., compression ratio (CR) (16.5, 17.5, and 18.5), fuel injection pressure (FIP) (200, 220, and 240 bar), start of injection (SOI) (21, 23, and 25° CA bTDC) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) (0, 10, and 20%). The engine performance was evaluated in terms of indicated specific fuel consumption (ISFC), soot and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Response surface methodology was employed for developing response models for the three output parameters considered, that is, ISFC, NOx, and soot. From the analysis of variance, it was observed that all the developed response models were statistically significant. Desirability approach was used to find the optimum combination of the input parameters with an objective of minimizing the three output responses that is, ISFC, NOx, and soot. The analysis showed that engine operation with optimum values of the operating parameters, that is, CR of 17.5, FIP of 240 bar, SOI of 25° CA bTDC and EGR rate of 10% would give better performance with minimum emissions for Bu20 fuel, compared to the engine performance with baseline configuration.