bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cost-effectiveness of an HCV outreach intervention for at-risk populations in London, UK
Authors: Ward Zoe , Campbell Linda , Surey Julian , Platts Steven , Glass Rachel , Hickman Matthew , Story Alistair , Vickerman Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundHCV disproportionately affects marginalized communities such as homeless populations and people who inject drugs (PWID), posing a challenge to traditional health services. The HepFriend initiative in London is a model of care utilizing HCV outreach screening and peer support to link vulnerable individuals to HCV treatment in secondary care.ObjectivesTo assess the cost-effectiveness of the HepFriend initiative from a healthcare provider perspective, compared with standard-of-care pathways (consisting of testing in primary care and other static locations, including drug treatment centres, and linkage to secondary care).MethodsCost-effectiveness analysis using a dynamic HCV transmission and disease progression model among PWID and those who have ceased injecting, including housing status and drug treatment service contact. The model was parameterized using London-specific surveillance and survey data, and primary intervention cost and effectiveness data (September 2015 to June 2018). Out of 461 individuals screened, 197 were identified as HCV RNA positive, 180 attended secondary care and 89 have commenced treatment to date. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was determined using a 50 year time horizon.ResultsFor a willingness-to-pay threshold of £20000 per QALY gained, the HepFriend initiative is cost-effective, with a mean ICER of £9408/QALY, and would become cost saving at 27% (£10525 per treatment) of the current drug list price. Results are robust to variations in intervention costs and model assumptions, and if treatment rates are doubled the intervention becomes more cost-effective (£8853/QALY).ConclusionsNew models of care that undertake active case-finding with enhanced peer support to improve testing and treatment uptake amongst marginalized and vulnerable groups could be highly cost-effective and possibly cost saving.
MIFAL: fully automated Multiple-Image Finder ALgorithm for strong-lens modelling – proof of concept
Authors: Carrasco Mauricio , Zitrin Adi , Seidel Gregor 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We outline a simple procedure designed for automatically finding sets of multiple images in strong lensing (SL) clusters. We show that by combining (a) an arc-finding (or source extracting) program, (b) photometric redshift measurements, and (c) a preliminary light-traces-mass lens model, multiple-image systems can be identified in a fully automated (‘blind’) manner. The presented procedure yields an assessment of the likelihood of each arc to belong to one of the multiple-image systems, as well as the preferred redshift for the different systems. These could be then used to automatically constrain and refine the initial lens model for an accurate mass distribution. We apply this procedure to Cluster Lensing And Supernova with Hubble observations of three galaxy clusters, MACS J0329.6-0211, MACS J1720.2 + 3536, and MACS J1931.8-2635, comparing the results to published SL analyses where multiple images were verified by eye on a particular basis. In the first cluster all originally identified systems are recovered by the automated procedure, and in the second and third clusters about half are recovered. Other known systems are not picked up, in part due to a crude choice of parameters, ambiguous photometric redshifts, or inaccuracy of the initial lens model. On top of real systems recovered, some false images are also mistakenly identified by the procedure, depending on the thresholds used. While further improvements to the procedure and a more thorough scrutinization of its performance are warranted, the work constitutes another important step toward fully automatizing SL analyses for studying mass distributions of large cluster samples.
Conditions for jet breakout in neutron stars’ mergers
Authors: Lyutikov Maxim 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We consider conditions for jet breakout through ejecta following mergers of neutron stars and provide simple relations for the breakout conditions. We demonstrate that: (i) break-out requires that the isotropic-equivalent jet energy Ej exceeds the ejecta energy Eej by Ej ≥ Eej/βej, where βej = Vej/c, Vej is the maximum velocity of the ejecta. If the central engine terminates before the breakout, the shock approaches the edge of the ejecta slowly ∝ 1/t; late breakout occurs only if at the termination moment the head of the jet was relatively close to the edge. (ii) If there is a substantial delay between the ejecta’s and the jet’s launching, the requirement on the jet power increases. (iii) The forward shock driven by the jet is mildly strong, with Mach number M ≈ 5/4 (increasing with time delay td); (iii) the delay time td between the ejecta and the jet’s launching is important for $t_\mathrm{ d} \gt t_0= ({3 }/{16}) {c M_{\mathrm{ ej}} V_{\mathrm{ ej}}}/{L_\mathrm{ j}} = 1.01 {\rm \mathrm{ s}} M_{\mathrm{ ej}, -2} L_{\mathrm{ j}, 51} ^{-1} \left({\beta _{\mathrm{ ej}}} /{0.3} \right)$, where Mej is ejecta mass, Lj is the jet luminosity (isotropic equivalent). For small delays, t0 is also an estimate of the break-out time.
Weak lensing analysis of codex clusters using dark energy camera legacy survey: mass–richness relation
Authors: Phriksee Anirut , Jullo Eric , Limousin Marceau , Shan HuanYuan , Finoguenov Alexis , Komonjinda Siramas , Wannawichian Suwicha , Sawangwit Utane 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We present the weak-lensing analysis of 279 CODEX clusters using imaging data from 4200 deg2 of the DECam Legacy Survey (DECaLS) Data Release 3. The cluster sample results from a joint selection in X-ray, optical richness in the range 20 ≤ λ < 110, and redshift in the range 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.2. We model the cluster mass (M200c) and the richness relation with the expression $\left\langle M_{\rm 200c} | \lambda \right\rangle \propto M_{0} \, (\lambda / 40)^{F_{\lambda }}$. By measuring the CODEX cluster sample as an individual cluster, we obtain the best-fitting values, $M_{0} = 3.24^{+0.29}_{-0.27} \times 10^{14} \text{M}_{\odot }$, and $F_{\lambda } = 1.00 ^{+0.22}_{-0.22}$ for the richness scaling index, consistent with a power-law relation. Moreover, we separate the cluster sample into three richness groups; λ = 20–30, 30–50, and 50–110, and measure the stacked excess surface mass density profile in each group. The results show that both methods are consistent. In addition, we find an excellent agreement between our weak lensing based scaling relation and the relation obtained with dynamical masses estimated from cluster member velocity dispersions measured by the SDSS-IV/SPIDERS team. This suggests that the cluster dynamical equilibrium assumption involved in the dynamical mass estimates is statistically robust for a large sample of clusters.
A general strategy exploiting m5C duplex-remodelling effect for selective detection of RNA and DNA m5C methyltransferase activity in cells
Authors: Yang Tianming , Low Joanne J A , Woon Esther C Y 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRNA:5-methylcytosine (m5C) methyltransferases are currently the focus of intense research following a series of high-profile reports documenting their physiological links to several diseases. However, no methods exist which permit the specific analysis of RNA:m5C methyltransferases in cells. Herein, we described how a combination of biophysical studies led us to identify distinct duplex-remodelling effects of m5C on RNA and DNA duplexes. Specifically, m5C induces a C3′-endo to C2′-endo sugar-pucker switch in CpG RNA duplex but triggers a B-to-Z transformation in CpG DNA duplex. Inspired by these different ‘structural signatures’, we developed a m5C-sensitive probe which fluoresces spontaneously in response to m5C-induced sugar-pucker switch, hence useful for sensing RNA:m5C methyltransferase activity. Through the use of this probe, we achieved real-time imaging and flow cytometry analysis of NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 (NSUN2) activity in HeLa cells. We further applied the probe to the cell-based screening of NSUN2 inhibitors. The developed strategy could also be adapted for the detection of DNA:m5C methyltransferases. This was demonstrated by the development of DNA m5C-probe which permits the screening of DNA methyltransferase 3A inhibitors. To our knowledge, this study represents not only the first examples of m5C-responsive probes, but also a new strategy for discriminating RNA and DNA m5C methyltransferase activity in cells.
Identification of a novel structure-specific endonuclease AziN that contributes to the repair of azinomycin B-mediated DNA interstrand crosslinks
Authors: Chen Xiaorong , Sun Yuedi , Wang Shan , Ying Kun , Xiao Le , Liu Kai , Zuo Xiuli , He Jing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) induced by the highly genotoxic agent azinomycin B (AZB) can cause severe perturbation of DNA structure and even cell death. However, Streptomyces sahachiroi, the strain that produces AZB, seems almost impervious to this danger because of its diverse and distinctive self-protection machineries. Here, we report the identification of a novel endonuclease-like gene aziN that contributes to drug self-protection in S. sahachiroi. AziN expression conferred AZB resistance on native and heterologous host strains. The specific binding reaction between AziN and AZB was also verified in accordance with its homology to drug binding proteins, but no drug sequestering and deactivating effects could be detected. Intriguingly, due to the high affinity with the drug, AziN was discovered to exhibit specific recognition and binding capacity with AZB-mediated ICL structures, further inducing DNA strand breakage. Subsequent in vitro assays demonstrated the structure-specific endonuclease activity of AziN, which cuts both damaged strands at specific sites around AZB-ICLs. Unravelling the nuclease activity of AziN provides a good entrance point to illuminate the complex mechanisms of AZB-ICL repair.
Smoking and Long-Term Sick Leave in a Japanese Working Population: Findings of the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study
Authors: Hori Ai , Inoue Yosuke , Kuwahara Keisuke , Kunugita Naoki , Akter Shamima , Nishiura Chihiro , Kinugawa Chihiro , Endo Motoki , Ogasawara Takayuki , Nagahama Satsue , Miyamoto Toshiaki , Tomita Kentaro , Yamamoto Makoto , Nakagawa Tohru , Honda Toru , Yamamoto Shuichiro , Okazaki Hiroko , Imai Teppei , Nishihara Akiko , Sasaki Naoko , Uehara Akihiko , Murakami Taizo , Shimizu Makiko , Eguchi Masafumi , Kochi Takeshi , Konishi Maki , Kashino Ikuko , Yamaguchi Miwa , Nanri Akiko , Kabe Isamu , Mizoue Tetsuya , Dohi Seitaro 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Few studies have investigated the association between tobacco smoking and sick leave (SL) in Japan.

Methods
We followed 70 896 workers aged 20–59 years (60 133 males, 10 763 females) between April 2012 and March 2017. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the associations between smoking (smoking status and intensity) and long-term SL (ie, SL lasting ≥30 consecutive days). Cause-specific analyses were also conducted.

Results
A total of 1777 people took long-term SL during a follow-up of 307 749 person years. Compared with never-smokers, current smokers were at a higher risk of long-term SL (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19 to 1.48). Cause-specific analyses revealed that current smoking was associated with a higher risk of SL due to all physical disorders (HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.22 to 1.69), cancer (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.10 to 2.01), cardiovascular disease (CVD; HR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.31 to 3.55), and injuries/external causes (HR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.31 to 2.58). Former smokers were at a higher risk of SL due to cancer at a borderline significance level (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.92). Low-intensity smoking (ie, 1–10 cigarettes smoked per day) was associated with all-cause SL, SL due to CVD, and SL due to injuries/external causes compared with never-smokers.

Conclusion
In a large cohort of working-age Japanese, smoking was associated with a greater risk of long-term SL. Greater effort is needed to mitigate disease burden associated with smoking at workplace in Japan.

Implications
Our study contributes to the literature on the association between smoking and SL in several ways. First, the study was conducted among a Japanese working population. While the association has been extensively studied in Western setting, few attempts have been made elsewhere. Second, cause-specific analyses were undertaken in our study. Third, we paid attention to the effect of low-intensity smoking on SL given that there is growing evidence of an elevated health risk associated with low-intensity smoking.
Fritz Heider
Authors: Schmidt Marion 
Published: October 2019

Fritz Heider (b. 1896–d. 1988) was an Austrian-American Gestalt and social psychologist. He is considered one of the founding fathers of interpersonal social psychology, contributing in particular his theories of attribution, balance, and motivation. (For attribution theory see the Oxford Bibliographies in Psychology article “Attribution Theory” by Bertram F. Malle and Joanna Korman) Studying in Graz and Berlin, he was influenced both by the Berlin school of Gestalt psychology under Wertheimer, Köhler, and Koffka and the Graz school under Alexius Meinong, as well as by his lifelong friendship with Kurt Lewin. He emigrated to the United States in 1930 to take a joint position at Smith College and the Clarke School for the Deaf in Northampton, Massachusetts. In 1947, he took a position as professor of psychology at the University of Kansas department of psychology, where he remained for the rest of his career. He was married to Gestalt and child psychologist Grace Moore Heider, with whom he also collaborated professionally during their time at the Clarke School. Heider’s approach was not laboratory-based, but philosophical and observational. He was a close observer of how people interact with each other and their surroundings, and also analyzed stories, aphorisms, fables, and fairy tales for generalizable narratives of human behavior. Heider believed that individuals use a kind of naïve or common-sense psychology to explain the behavior of others; this common-sense psychology thus shapes their perception of and interaction with their social world. For decades, he collected and systematized his observations in his notebooks, which were later published. While he was a meticulous and nuanced observer, he was not a prolific writer. Open to different influences, he long grappled with how to systematize human behavior into a generalizable theoretical system of social interaction. Influenced by Kurt Lewin, he sometimes tried to capture interpersonal behavior in a kind of mathematical shorthand, though he never lost sight of the essentially human dimension of his material. Apart from his autobiography, he only published four monographs: in 1927, his revised thesis, Ding und Medium; in 1940 and 1941, together with his wife, two monographs on the psychology of deafness; and in 1958 The psychology of interpersonal relations, which is considered his main work and a seminal contribution to social psychology. Beyond these works, Heider published about a dozen articles on various aspects of phenomenology, Gestalt and social psychology, and the history of psychology. He had few graduate students but nevertheless influenced younger generations through his seminars and his traveling and teaching abroad.
Balancing multiple mandates: A case study of public research institutes in South Africa
Authors: Kruss Glenda 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe role of public research institutes (PRIs) in innovation and development is typically researched as a linked couplet with universities, but there is little empirical research on PRIs specifically. The article investigates how PRIs in late-developing countries balance multiple mandates, shaped by disciplinary fields and historical trajectories, drawing on comparative case studies of five PRIs in South Africa. PRIs succeeded in articulating new and ambitious strategic policies but most struggled to give effect to expanded mandates. The article compares their ‘interactive capabilities’ by examining the internal and external interface structures and incentive mechanisms created to support and promote interaction with other knowledge producers and users and highlights misalignments at the macro level. National policy will need to promote the development of stronger interactive capabilities if PRIs are to balance their mandate to link to global knowledge flows, grow economic competitiveness, and address complex problems arising from high levels of poverty and inequality.
Logics of Gender Justice and Their Meaning for the Study of Sexuality and Gender Identity: A Dialogue
Authors: Ayoub Phillip M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This piece dialogues with Htun and Weldon's exceptional new book, The Logics of Gender Justice, as it relates to LGBTI rights. Beyond engaging the authors' questions of when and why governments promote women's rights, I also engage their argument that equality is not one issue but many linked issues, including issues of sexuality and gender identity. My own reflections on their work thus address the contributions the book makes to the study of political science, as well as open questions about how their logic of gender justice might apply across other issue areas less explored in the book. Htun and Weldon's own definition of gender justice also rightly includes space for LGBTQI people, which I see as an invitation to think through the typology in relation to these communities. The piece begins by reflecting on the book's theoretical and methodical innovations around the complexities of gender politics, before moving on to the multi-faceted role of religion in gender justice, and then theoretical assumptions around visibility of the marginalized.
Pediatric Tracheostomy Wound Healing: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Odom Brian H. , Yates Charlotte , Lowe Leah , VanHoose Lisa 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVETo compare wound products by measuring time to granulation tissue and time to complete wound healing for tracheostomy wounds in the pediatric population.METHODSInvestigators identified 134 charts of patients treated January 2013 and June 2017; 93 charts met the inclusion criteria. This study compared the use of a foam dressing (n = 34) to the foam dressing plus a wound filler (n = 59) in patients who developed or were admitted with a wound caused by a tracheostomy device.PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURESTime in days to granulation tissue and to wound closure.RESULTSThe average time to complete wound closure for participants in this study was 14 days. There was no statistically significant difference in time to granulation tissue or wound closure formation between the wound care products (F2,34= 1.11,P= .34). Cluster analysis (10 splits) revealed that pressure injury stage was the best predictor, accounting for 41% of the variance in the high treatment response group (those healing in <14 days). Patients who were African American with a stage 2 pressure injury, had a PUSH score of 5 or more, and were using a foam plus a wound filler dressing were 86% more likely to be in the high-response group.CONCLUSIONSAll wounds reviewed healed with current wound care practices without surgical intervention. Best practice for healing tracheostomy wounds in pediatric patients should include the wound filler in the first 14 days based on variable interaction.
A Simple, Objective, and Mathematical Grading Scale for the Assessment of Facial Nerve Palsy
Authors: Bansal Mohan , Shah Alaap , Gosai Bhavik , Joshi Krupal , Shah Pankaj 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
It is imperative to acquire a simple, objective, and mathematical method for the assessment of facial nerve palsy which can be universally accepted and implemented. A grading scale which is convenient, continuous and economical was attempted for the first time for global and region-specific assessment of facial nerve palsy.

Study Design:
Hospital-based observational study.

Setting:
Medical college hospital.

Patients:
Ten normal subjects and 51 patients with facial paralysis.

Interventions:
Patients with facial nerve palsy were graded according to the revised version of House–Brackmann grading system (HBGS-2) and a newly proposed grading system.

Main Outcome Measures:
The results of the present study were compared with the HBGS-2. Data were analyzed using SPSS-17 (IBM Corporation, New York) for descriptive statistics, normality test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Mann–Whitney U test.

Results:
The mean time spent on recording measurements was 288 seconds. For the new method and HBGS-2, the modes were graded 3 and 4, corresponding to incomplete facial paralysis. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were found significant. In Mann–Whitney U test, probability value indicated that grades of new scale were similar to grades of HBGS-2.

Conclusion:
The proposed simple, objective and mathematical (SOM) method of grading facial nerve palsy is convenient and provides global and regional continuous percentage that can monitor the progress and classify the patients with facial paralysis into six-point grades based on severity. This system was having substantial compatibility with HBGS-2 grading. For further validity, multi-center study with a larger sample of patients would be required.
Ageing Transcriptome Meta-Analysis Reveals Similarities Between Key Mammalian Tissues
Authors: Palmer Daniel , Fabris Fabio , Doherty Aoife , Freitas Alex A. , de Magalhães João Pedro 
Published: October 2019

1AbstractUnderstanding the expression changes that come with age is an important step in understanding the ageing process as a whole. By combining such transcriptomic data with other sources of information, for instance protein-protein interaction (PPI) data, it is possible to make inferences about the functional changes that occur with age. To address this, we conducted a meta-analysis on 127 publicly available microarray and RNA-Seq datasets from mice, rats and humans, to identify genes that are commonly differentially expressed with age in mammals. We also conducted analyses on subsets of these datasets, to produce transcriptomic signatures for brain, heart and muscle tissues, all of which are important tissues in the pathophysiology of ageing. This approach identified the transcriptomic signatures of the ageing system, as well as brain, heart and muscle tissues. We then applied enrichment analysis and machine learning to functionally describe those signatures. This revealed a typical ageing signature including the overexpression of immune and stress response genes and the underexpression of metabolic and developmental genes. Further analysis of the ageing expression signatures revealed that genes differentially expressed with age tend to be broadly expressed across tissues, rather than be tissue-specific, and that the ageing expression signatures (particularly the overexpressed signatures) of the whole system, brain and muscle tend to include genes that are central in PPI networks. We also show that genes underexpressed in the brain are highly central in a co-expression map, suggesting that underexpression of these genes may play a part in cognitive ageing. In sum, we show numerous functional similarities between the ageing transcriptomes of these important tissues, a broad non-specific expression pattern in genes differentially expressed with age, along with altered network properties of these genes in both a PPI and co-expression network.