bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RAS-NAAD: 40-yr High-Resolution North Atlantic Atmospheric Hindcast for Multipurpose Applications (New Dataset for the Regional Mesoscale Studies in the Atmosphere and the Ocean)
Authors: Gavrikov Alexander , Gulev Sergey K. , Markina Margarita , Tilinina Natalia , Verezemskaya Polina , Barnier Bernard , Dufour Ambroise , Zolina Olga , Zyulyaeva Yulia , Krinitskiy Mikhail , Okhlopkov Ivan , Sokov Alexey 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe present in this paper the results of the Russian Academy of Sciences North Atlantic Atmospheric Downscaling (RAS-NAAD) project, which provides a 40-yr 3D hindcast of the North Atlantic (10°–80°N) atmosphere at 14-km spatial resolution with 50 levels in the vertical direction (up to 50 hPa), performed with a regional setting of the WRF-ARW 3.8.1 model for the period 1979–2018 and forced by ERA-Interim as a lateral boundary condition. The dataset provides a variety of surface and free-atmosphere parameters at sigma model levels and meets many demands of meteorologists, climate scientists, and oceanographers working in both research and operational domains. Three-dimensional model output at 3-hourly time resolution is freely available to the users. Our evaluation demonstrates a realistic representation of most characteristics in both datasets and also identifies biases mostly in the ice-covered regions. High-resolution and nonhydrostatic model settings in NAAD resolve mesoscale dynamics first of all in the subpolar latitudes. NAAD also provides a new view of the North Atlantic extratropical cyclone activity with a much larger number of cyclones as compared with most reanalyses. It also effectively captures highly localized mechanisms of atmospheric moisture transports. Applications of NAAD to ocean circulation and wave modeling are demonstrated.
Two Different Methods for Flash Drought Identification: Comparison of Their Strengths and Limitations
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhu Ye , Ren Liliang , Otkin Jason , Hunt Eric D. , Yang Xiaoli , Yuan Fei , Jiang Shanhu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFlash droughts are extreme phenomena that have been identified using two different approaches. The first approach identifies these events based on unusually rapid intensification rates, whereas the second approach implicitly identifies short-term features. This latter approach classifies flash droughts into two types, namely, precipitation deficit and heat wave flash droughts (denoted as PDFD and HWFD). In this study, we evaluate these two approaches over the Yellow River basin (YRB) to determine which approach provides more accurate information about flash droughts and why. Based on the concept of intensification rate, a new quantitative flash drought identification method focused on soil moisture depletion during the onset–development phase is proposed. Its performance was evaluated by comparing the onset time and spatial dynamics of the identified flash droughts with PDFD and HWFD events identified using the second approach. The results show that the rapid-intensification approach is better able to capture the continuous evolution of a flash drought. Since the approach for identifying PDFD and HWFD events does not consider changes in soil moisture with time, it cannot ensure that the events exhibit rapid intensification, nor can it effectively capture flash droughts’ onset. Evaluation of the results showed that the chosen hydrometeorological variables and corresponding thresholds, particularly that of temperature, are the main reasons for the poor performance of the PDFD and HWFD identification approach. This study promotes a deeper understanding of flash droughts that is beneficial for drought monitoring, early warning, and mitigation.
Machine-Learning Mesoscale and Submesoscale Surface Dynamics from Lagrangian Ocean Drifter Trajectories
Authors: Aksamit Nikolas O. , Sapsis Themistoklis , Haller George 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLagrangian ocean drifters provide highly accurate approximations of ocean surface currents but are sparsely located across the globe. As drifters passively follow ocean currents, there is minimal control on where they will be making measurements, providing limited temporal coverage for a given region. Complementary Eulerian velocity data are available with global coverage but are themselveslimited by the spatial and temporal resolution possible with satellite altimetry measurements. In addition, altimetry measurements approximate geostrophic components of ocean currents but neglect smaller submesoscale motions and require smoothing and interpolation from raw satellite track measurements. In an effort to harness the rich dynamics available in ocean drifter datasets, we have trained a recurrent neural network on the time history of drifter motion to minimize the error in a reduced-order Maxey–Riley drifter model. This approach relies on a slow-manifold approximation to determine the most mathematically relevant variables with which to train, subsequently improving the temporal and spatial resolution of the underlying velocity field. By adding this neural-network component, we also correct drifter trajectories near submesoscale features missed by deterministic models using only satellite and wind reanalysis data. The effect of varying similarity between training and testing trajectory datasets for the blended model was evaluated, as was the effect of seasonality in the Gulf of Mexico.
The Impact of Airborne Doppler Aerosol Wind (DAWN) Lidar Wind Profiles on Numerical Simulations of Tropical Convective Systems during the NASA Convective Processes Experiment (CPEX)
Authors: Cui Zhiqiang , Pu Zhaoxia , Emmitt G. David , Greco Steven 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHigh-spatiotemporal-resolution airborne Doppler Aerosol Wind (DAWN) lidar profiles over the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico region were collected during the NASA Convective Processes Experiment (CPEX) field campaign from 27 May to 24 June 2017. This study examines the impact of assimilating these wind profiles on the numerical simulation of moist convective systems using an Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model (WRF-ARW). A mesoscale convective system and a tropical storm (Cindy) that occurred on 16 June 2017 in a strong shear environment and on 21 June 2017 in a weak shear environment, respectively, are selected as case studies. The DAWN wind profiles are assimilated with the NCEP Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation analysis system using a three-dimensional variational (3DVar) and a hybrid three-dimensional ensemble-variational (3DEnVar) data assimilation systems to provide the initial conditions for a short-range forecast. Results show that the assimilation of DAWN wind profiles has significant positive impacts on convective simulations with the two assimilation approaches. The assimilation of DAWN wind profiles creates notable adjustments in the analysis of the divergence field for WRF simulations with a good agreement of wind forecasts with radiosonde observations. The quantitative precipitation forecasting is also improved. In general, the 3DEnVar data assimilation method is deemed more promising for DAWN data assimilation. There are cases with Tropical Storm Cindy in which DAWN data have slight to neutral impact on rainfall forecasts with 3DVAR, implying complicated interactions between errors of retrieved wind data and background error covariance in the lower and upper troposphere.
High-Resolution Ensemble HFV3 Forecasts of Hurricane Michael (2018): Rapid Intensification in Shear
Authors: Hazelton Andrew T. , Zhang Xuejin , Gopalakrishnan Sundararaman , Ramstrom William , Marks Frank , Zhang Jun A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe FV3GFS is the current operational Global Forecast System (GFS) at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), which combines a finite-volume cubed sphere dynamical core (FV3) and GFS physics. In this study, FV3GFS is used to gain understanding of rapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclones (TCs) in shear. The analysis demonstrates the importance of TC structure in a complex system like Hurricane Michael, which intensified to a category 5 hurricane over the Gulf of Mexico despite over 20 kt (10 m s−1) of vertical wind shear. Michael’s RI is examined using a global-nest FV3GFS ensemble with the nest at 3-km resolution. The ensemble shows a range of peak intensities from 77 to 159 kt (40–82 m s−1). Precipitation symmetry, vortex tilt, moisture, and other aspects of Michael’s evolution are compared through composites of stronger and weaker members. The 850–200-hPa vertical shear is 22 kt (11 m s−1) in the mean of both strong and weak members during the early stage. Tilt and moisture are two distinguishing factors between strong and weak members. The relationship between vortex tilt and humidification is complex, and other studies have shown both are important for sheared intensification. Here, it is shown that tilt reduction leads to upshear humidification and is thus a driving factor for intensification. A stronger initial vortex and early evolution of the vortex also appear to be the key to members that are able to resist the sheared environment.
Unrecognized challenges of treating status migrainosus: An observational study
Authors: Iljazi Afrim , Chua Abigail , Rich-Fiondella Raymond , Veronesi Maria , Melo-Carrillo Agustin , Ashina Sait , Burstein Rami , Grosberg Brian 
Published: March 2020

Background Status migrainosus is a condition with limited epidemiological knowledge, and no evidence-based treatment guideline or rational-driven assessment of successful treatment outcome. To fill this gap, we performed a prospective observational study in which we documented effectiveness of treatment approaches commonly used in a tertiary headache clinic. Material and methods Patients with episodic and chronic migraine who experienced continuous and prolonged attacks for more than 72 hours were treated with dexamethasone (4 mg orally twice daily for 3 days), ketorolac (60 mg intramuscularly), bilateral nerve blocks (1–2% lidocaine, 0.1–0.2 ml for both supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves, 1 ml for both auriculotemporal nerves, and 1 ml for both greater occipital nerves), or naratriptan (2.5 mg twice daily for 5 days). Hourly (for the first 24 hours) and daily (for first 30 days) change in headache intensity was documented using appropriate headache diaries. Results Fifty-four patients provided eligible data for 60 treatment attempts. The success rate of rendering patients pain free within 24 hours and maintaining the pain-free status for 48 hours was 4/13 (31%) for dexamethasone, 7/29 (24%) for nerve blocks, 1/9 (11%) for ketorolac and 1/9 (11%) for naratriptan. These success rates depended on time to remission, as the longer we allowed the treatments to begin to work and patients to become pain free (i.e. 2, 12, 24, 48, 72, or 96 hours), the more likely patients were to achieve and maintain a pain-free status for at least 48 hours. Discussion These findings suggest that current treatment approaches to terminating status migrainosus are not satisfactory and call attention to the need to develop a more scientific approach to define a treatment response for status migrainosus.
The effect of the glycemic control on the aqueous humor glucose levels in diabetic patients undergoing elective cataract surgery
Authors: Gomel Nir , Barequet Irina S , Lipsky Lior , Bourla Nirit , Einan-Lifshitz Adi 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: Aqueous humor glucose levels play a role in the anterior segment disorders’ pathophysiology, mainly in diabetics. Our purpose was to evaluate the ratio of aqueous humor glucose levels to blood glucose levels in diabetics and to evaluate the correlation between this ratio and blood glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Methods: This prospective study was performed in Sheba Medical Center during 2016–2018. The study included type 2 diabetic patients admitted for elective cataract surgery. Blood glucose levels were measured immediately before surgery. HbA1c was obtained within 3 months preoperatively. At the beginning of surgery, 0.05–0.1 mL aqueous humor was drawn. Main outcome measures were aqueous humor glucose/blood glucose ratio and the correlation between HbA1c and aqueous humor glucose/blood glucose ratio. Results: Thirty-seven patients (mean age 75.2 ± 11.2 years) were recruited. The average aqueous humor glucose/blood glucose ratio was 0.69 ± 0.20. A significant positive correlation was found between aqueous humor and blood glucose levels, Pearson coefficient constant R = 0.63 (p < 0.01), and specifically stronger among older patients R = 0.89 (p < 0.01), females R = 0.74 (p < 0.01), patients with short-term disease (<10 years) R = 0.80 (p < 0.01), and patients treated with oral anti-diabetic treatment R = 0.74 (p < 0.01). A significant strong positive correlation was found between HbA1c levels and aqueous humor glucose/blood glucose ratio R = 0.62 (p < 0.01), and specifically stronger among older patients R = 0.82 (p < 0.01), males R = 0.70 (p < 0.01), patients with prolonged disease (⩾10 years) R = 0.540 (p < 0.05), and patients treated with oral anti-diabetic treatment R = 0.62 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: A significant strong correlation was found between aqueous humor glucose levels and blood glucose levels. Poor glycemic control was strongly correlated with an increased ratio, reflecting an increased anterior chamber’s glucose permeability. Older age group was found to have stronger correlation of poor glycemic control with this ratio.
One-Year, Open-Label Extension Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Abiraterone Acetate Fine Particle Formulation in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chapas-Reed Jillian , Stein Cy , Squittieri Nicholas , Concepcion Raoul 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: Abiraterone acetate is an androgen synthesis inhibitor used to treat metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The therapeutic equivalence, pharmacokinetics, and safety of abiraterone acetate fine particle (AAFP) versus originator abiraterone acetate (OAA) were examined in a Phase-2 study; sufficient similarity was observed between the 2 treatments. This 1-year, open-label, extension study evaluated the long-term safety and efficacy of AAFP. Patients and methods: This was an open-label, single-arm extension study. Patients who completed the 84-day, Phase-2, run-in study could enroll to receive 500 mg AAFP once daily and 4 mg methylprednisolone twice daily for up to 1 year. Safety was the primary endpoint, as assessed by adverse event monitoring throughout the study. Secondary efficacy endpoints included change from run-in study baseline levels of serum testosterone and prostate-specific antigen measured at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year. Results: Twenty patients enrolled, of whom 9 and 11 received prior AAFP and OAA in the run-in study, respectively. Both prior treatment groups maintained a significant decrease in serum testosterone from run-in baseline at all timepoints; mean change from run-in baseline ± standard deviation at 1 year of −6.24 ± 2.02 ( P = .0023) and −5.87 ± 3.64 ( P = .0026) ng/dL for the prior AAFP and OAA group, respectively. Change from run-in baseline in serum prostate-specific antigen was not significant. Most (84.0%) adverse events were Grade 1 or 2. Conclusion: No new safety signals were identified, and patients were able to successfully switch from OAA to AAFP with no impact.
Effect of peritoneal dialysis solution with different pyruvate concentrations on intestinal injury
Authors: Zhang Jing-Jing , Shen Hui-Qin , Deng Jiang-Tao , Jiang Lin-Lin , Zhang Qiong-Yue , Xiong Ying , Zhang Zong-Ze , Wang Yan-Lin 
Published: March 2020

To investigate the effects of direct peritoneal resuscitation with pyruvate-peritoneal dialysis solution (Pyr-PDS) of different concentrations combined with intravenous resuscitation on acid–base imbalance and intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Sixty rats were randomly assigned to group SHAM, group intravenous resuscitation, and four direct peritoneal resuscitation groups combined with intravenous resuscitation: group NS, LA, PY1, and PY2, that is, normal saline, lactate-PDS (Lac-PDS), lower concentration Pyr-PDS (Pyr-PDS1), and higher concentration Pyr-PDS (Pyr-PDS2), respectively. Two hours after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation, the pH, oxygen partial pressure, carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2), base excess, and bicarbonate ion concentration (HCO3−) of the arterial blood were measured. The intestinal mucosal damage index and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, zonula occludens-1, claudin-1, and occludin levels in intestinal issues were detected. Two hours after resuscitation, group PY2 had higher mean arterial pressure, pH, oxygen partial pressure, and base excess and lower PCO2of arterial blood than group PY1 ( P <  0.05). Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels in group PY2 were significantly lower than those in group PY1 ( P <  0.05). Zonula occludens-1, claudin-1, and occludin expression levels were significantly higher in group PY2 than in group PY1 ( P <  0.05). Direct peritoneal resuscitation with Pyr-PDS2 combined with intravenous resuscitation enhanced the hemodynamics, improved the acid–base balance, and alleviated intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury from hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rats. The mechanisms might include correction of acidosis, inhibition of inflammatory response, enhancement of systemic immune status, regulation of intestinal epithelial permeability, and maintenance of intestinal mucosal barrier function.Impact statementHemorrhagic shock is a life-threatening condition after trauma or during surgery. Acid–base imbalance and intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury are two significant causes in the pathogenetic process and multiple organ dysfunction. As a result, it is urgent and necessary to find an effective method of resuscitation in order to reverse the acid–base imbalance and protect organ function. This current study confirmed the protection against hypoxic acidosis and intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury by peritoneal resuscitation with pyruvate combined with intravenous resuscitation in rats with hemorrhagic shock. And the peritoneal dialysis solution with pyruvate of high concentration plays a crucial role in the process. It provided a new idea and possible direction of fluid resuscitation for alleviating organ injuries, protecting organ functions, and improving clinical prognosis after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.
Outcomes of Surgically Treated Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome in Runners
Authors: Salzler Matthew , Maguire Kathleen , Heyworth Benton E. , Nasreddine Adam Y. , Micheli Lyle J. , Kocher Mininder S. 
Published: March 2020

Background: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is primarily seen in running athletes. Previous outcomes of surgical treatment with fasciotomy have suggested moderate pain relief, but evidence is lacking regarding postoperative return to running. Hypothesis: Running athletes with limiting symptoms of CECS will show high rates of return to running after fasciotomy. Study Design: Case series. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Running athletes treated with fasciotomy for CECS at a single institution were identified using a surgical database and asked to complete a questionnaire designed to assess postoperative pain, activity level, return to running, running distances, overall satisfaction, and rate of revision fasciotomy. Results: A total of 43 runners met the inclusion criteria, and 32 runners completed outcomes questionnaires at a mean postoperative follow-up of 66 months. In total, 27 of these 32 patients (84%) returned to sport(s) after fasciotomy. However, 9 (28%) of these patients pursued nonrunning sports, 5 (16%) due to recurrent pain with running. Of the 18 patients who returned to running sports (56%), the mean weekly running distance decreased postoperatively. Recurrence of symptoms was reported in 6 patients (19%), 4 of whom had returned to running and 2 of whom had been unable to return to sports. All of these 6 patients elected to undergo revision fasciotomy surgery. Twenty-five (78.1%) patients reported being satisfied with their procedure. In the overall cohort, the mean visual analog scale scores for pain during activities/sports decreased from 7.9 preoperatively to 1.7 postoperatively. Conclusion: Fasciotomy for CECS in runners may provide significant improvement in pain and satisfaction in over three-quarters of patients and return to sports in 84% of patients. However, only 56% returned to competitive running activity, with a subset (19%) developing recurrent symptoms resulting in revision surgery. Clinical Relevance: Fasciotomy has been shown to decrease pain in most patients with CECS. This study provides outcomes in running athletes after fasciotomy for CECS with regard to return to sports, maintenance of sports performance, and rates of revision surgery.
Predicting Factors for Return to Prefracture Ambulatory Level in High Surgical Risk Elderly Patients Sustained Intertrochanteric Fracture and Treated With Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) With and Without Cement Augmentation
Authors: Kulachote Noratep , Sa-ngasoongsong Paphon , Sirisreetreerux Norachart , Chulsomlee Kulapat , Thamyongkit Sorawut , Wongsak Siwadol 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Postoperative outcomes in the elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture were generally poor with a low rate of return to prefracture ambulatory level (RPAL). Recent studies showed that proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) with cement augmentation might be useful for postoperative functional recovery. This study aimed to compare the outcomes in elderly patients with high surgical risk, American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) grade 3 or 4, who sustained intertrochanteric fractures and were treated with PFNA with and without cement augmentation, and to correlate perioperative surgical factors with the RPAL. Methods: A retrospective consecutive series was conducted based on 135 patients with prefracture ambulation classified as independent in community with or without a single cane (68 in augmented group and 67 in control group). Perioperative data and data on the complications within 1-year postsurgery were collected and compared. Predictive factors for RPAL were analyzed via logistic regression analysis. Results: The overall 1-year postoperative mortality rate was 10% (n = 14) with no significant difference between groups ( P = .273). The proportion of elderly patients with RPAL in the augmented group was significantly higher than for those in the control group (48% vs 29%, P = .043). Via univariate analysis, ASA grade 4 ( P = .077), history of stroke ( P = .035), and use of cement augmentation ( P = .041) were correlated with RPAL. However, multivariate regression analysis showed that ASA grade 4 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18-0.90, P = .026) and use of cement augmentation (OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.22-6.05, P = .014) were the significant predictors for RPAL. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that PFNA with cement augmentation is safe and effectiveness in the intertrochanteric fracture treatment of elderly. Postoperative functional recovery, like RPAL, in elderly patients who sustained intertrochanteric fractures is relatively low, especially in those with ASA grade 4. However, cement augmentation with PFNA might be helpful for increasing the RPAL in high-surgical-risk geriatric patients.