bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effort-Reward Imbalance, Mental Health and Burnout in Occupational Groups That Face Mental Stress
Authors: Diekmann Katharina , Böckelmann Irina , Karlsen Håvard R. , Lux Anke , Thielmann Beatrice 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between mental health, effort-reward imbalance, intrinsic overcommitment and burnout in occupational groups that face mental stress.

Methods:
Three hundred forty-six people aged 43.8 ± 9.9 years in professions characterized by mental strain (medical assistants, nurses, bank employees, teachers) were surveyed. The Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, overcommitment, General Health Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used.

Results:
There were occupational group-specific differences. Nurses showed the highest effort-reward imbalance, the highest impaired mental health and risk of burnout. The intrinsic overcommitment was highest among teachers. Gender and work experience had no influence, but there were some differences in age.

Conclusions:
The occupational groups we studied experience stress differently. They would benefit from the establishment of general conditions to improve the management of stress in the workplace. The focus should be on improving mental health.
Associations Between Office Location and Adiposity in Office Workers
Authors: Gay Jennifer L. , Buchner David M. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Evaluate whether having to walk longer distances to common destinations within office buildings is associated with less adiposity and greater occupational physical activity.

Methods:
Distances between offices and amenities were measured for 108 office-based workers, as was body fat percentage, waist circumference, number of sedentary breaks at work, and duration and intensity of activity at work.

Results:
Being further away from the building entrance was correlated with lower body fat percentage. Greater distance from a participant's office to the copier was associated with smaller waist circumferences. Correlations were found between distance to the bathroom and work activity, and sedentary breaks with distance to the break room and distance from the printer or copier.

Conclusions:
Worksites interested in improving the health of their employees should consider how building design affects occupational physical activity and health.
Precarious Employment as Compared With Unemployment Reduces the Risk of Depression in the Elderly in Korea
Authors: Park Sungjin , Kang Mo-Yeol , Lee June-Hee 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To compare how depression develops in precarious employment and in unemployment, as how precarious jobs impact unemployment-related depression is relatively unknown.

Methods:
Using the 1st to 4th Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging survey data, 5638 older people were analyzed to measure depression incidence in relation to employment status. A Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale form was chosen to identify depression. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for a number of variables.

Results:
Unemployment-related depression risk was significantly higher than for precarious employment. Depression risk was significantly lower for male full-time permanent workers than precarious workers, but was not significantly different in women.

Conclusions:
To prevent the deterioration of mental health in the elderly, an extensive job promotion campaign including precarious work is required.
Quality Assurance During a Global Pandemic
Authors: Jones Ian F. , Lammers Daniel T. , Conner Jeffery R. , Holtestaul Torbjorg A. , Ieronimakis Nicholas , Caretti David , McClellan John M. , Eckert Matthew J. , Bingham Jason R. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
The proliferation of improvised masks during the COVID-19 pandemic has raised questions regarding filter effectiveness and safety. We sought to compare the effectiveness of commonly used improvised filter materials against N95 industry standards.

Methods:
Six different filter materials commonly used in the community were tested using both single- and multi-layer configurations with the TSI 8130 automated filter tester in accordance with National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) standards for N95 respirators.

Results:
Only three of the tested filter material configurations met N95 parameters with regard to filtration efficiency and pressure drop across the filter material—the: True-high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, four-layer MERV 13 and 14 HVAC filters.

Conclusions:
Many proposed filter materials for improvised masks do not meet current industry standards and may pose safety and efficacy concerns. Care should be taken when selecting materials for this critical respirator component, particularly for health care workers or others at high risk for pathogen exposure.
Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Examine the Effects of Duty Status on Acute Stress and Tiredness in Firefighters
Authors: Courtney Jimikaye B. , Lipsey Tiffany , Braun Barry , Henry Kim , Nelson Tracy L. , Li Kaigang 
Published: August 2020

Objective:Characterize firefighters’ acute stress and tiredness by duty status (ie, “off night/day,” “on night/day”).Methods:Thirty nine career firefighters completed three, eight-day smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment periods with seven surveys per day assessing stress and tiredness. Mixed-effects location scale models examined duty status effects on stress and tiredness.Results:Firefighters’ lowest stress and tiredness levels were when off-duty (β = 16.27 andβ = 24.71, respectively) and their highest levels were when on-duty (β = 24.47 andβ = 32.18, respectively). Within-subject effects of duty status accounted for a larger proportion of variability in stress and tiredness for all duty types, except for stress when “on-duty night/off-duty day.”Conclusions:Firefighters had more similar stress and tiredness outcomes when they were on-duty and less similar outcomes when off-duty. This could be due to firefighters having more similar experiences when they are on- versus off-duty.
Clinical Balance Testing to Screen for Patients With Vestibular Disorders: A Retrospective Case-control Study
Authors: Salah Mahadi , Van de Heyning Paul , De Hertogh Willem , Van Rompaey Vincent , Vereeck Luc 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Identify clinical screening tests to proficiently screen for patients with vestibular disorders.

Study design:
Retrospective case-control study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
318 healthy individuals and 331 subjects with vestibular disorders.

Interventions:
All subjects performed Romberg and Jendrassic maneuver with eyes closed (ROMJec), standing on foam with eyes open (SOFeo) and eyes closed (SOFec), Tandem Romberg with eyes open (TReo) and eyes closed (TRec), single leg stance with eyes open (SLSeo) and eyes closed (SLSec), Tandem gait (TG) and Timed Up and Go (TUG).

Main outcome measures:
Significant differences in performance on the balance tests.

Results:
For the age-group <40 years, TUG >6 seconds (OR 102.4; p <0.0001) and SLSec <30 seconds (OR 48.0; p <0.0001) proved to be the most predictive combination of testing (AUC 0.9; LR+ 15.8; LR− 0.2), with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 88.4%. For the age-group 40–60, TUG >7 seconds (OR 4.0; p = 0.0107) and TRec <30 seconds (OR 63.1; p < 0.0001) was the most predictive combination of tests (AUC 0.9 LR+ 6.0; LR− 0.1), with a PPV of 93.8%. For the age-group >60 the combination of TUG >8 seconds (OR 17.4; p < 0.0001) and SOFec <30 seconds (OR 10.4; p < 0.0001) was the most predictive (AUC 0.9 LR+ 6.3; LR− 0.2), with a PPV of 84.8%.

Conclusions:
Combinations of clinical tests are proposed to promptly screen for vestibular disorders in specific age groups. To interpret the results for the individual patient, the physician must take the history and the general examination into consideration.
Protein and physical activity in older persons
Authors: Yeung Suey S.Y. , Chan Ruth S.M. , Woo Jean 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to highlight recent evidence on protein requirement and physical activity recommendations in older adults and their interrelationship.

Recent findings
Higher protein intake in older adults is beneficial for better physical function, reduced fracture risk, healthy ageing and lower mortality. However, the association between protein quality and health remains inconsistent. Higher physical activity is associated with a lower risk of physical dependence, frailty, cognitive impairment and mortality. Prospectively increasing or even sustaining physical activity can be protective against adverse health outcomes compared with decreasing physical activity. There is a synergistic protective effect of protein intake and physical activity on health. Data on the bidirectional link between protein intake and physical activity are scarce. Whether increasing physical activity can help to increase energy intake (and thus protein intake) and vice versa require further research.

Summary
The key role of protein intake and physical activity in optimizing health in older adults is well established. The synergistic effects of these two modifiable lifestyle factors strengthen the need to consider dietary and physical activity recommendations together. Future research may examine the bidirectional link between diet and physical activity, which could potentially be one of the strategies to increase the uptake of recommendations for protein intake and physical activity in older adults.
Cost-effectiveness of Abdominal Ultrasound Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Pancreatic Cancer Screening in Familial High-Risk Individuals in Japan
Authors: Kowada Akiko 
Published: August 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to assess cost-effectiveness of abdominal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and no screening for pancreatic cancer screening in familial high-risk individuals (HRIs).

Methods
We developed decision trees with Markov models for a hypothetical cohort of familial HRIs at the age of 50 year using a healthcare sector perspective and a lifetime horizon. Main outcomes were costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.

Results
In a base-case analysis, abdominal ultrasound was the most cost-effective (US $11,035, 17.4875 QALYs). Magnetic resonance imaging yielded the best benefits. Cost-effectiveness was sensitive to the incidence of pancreatic cancer. Endoscopic ultrasound was more cost-effective than abdominal ultrasound when the incidence of pancreatic cancer was greater than 0.008 and under 0.016. Magnetic resonance imaging was more cost-effective than endoscopic ultrasound when the incidence of pancreatic cancer was greater than 0.016. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis using Monte-Carlo simulation for 10,000 trials demonstrated that abdominal ultrasound was cost-effective 76% of the time at a willingness-to-pay threshold of US $50,000/QALY gained.

Conclusions
Abdominal ultrasound is the most cost-effective and recommended for pancreatic cancer screening in familial HRIs in Japan. Evaluating the risk of pancreatic cancer among familial HRIs as a target for screening is significant.
Platelet Microparticles Regulate Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Qi Qinqin , Yang Bin , Li Huihui , Bao Junjun , Li Hongye , Wang Bingbing , Mei Qiao 
Published: August 2020

Objective
This study aimed to explore the clinical significance of the increase of platelet microparticles (PMPs) in acute pancreatitis (AP).

Methods
Clinical data and plasma samples from patients with AP were collected, and healthy subjects were controls. The PMPs were detected by flow cytometry; meanwhile, the ability to promote neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation was investigated. Neutrophils from healthy subjects were co-cultured with PMPs from AP patients. The NETs were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In the supernatant of cell co-culture, myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, and histone H3 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Patients with AP had elevated plasma levels of PMPs compared with controls; moreover, there were significantly higher PMPs levels in severe AP than mild AP and moderately severe AP. Healthy subjects' neutrophils were stimulated with PMPs from AP patients to release NETs. It was observed that NETs formed in AP group, but not in the controls. Correspondingly, there were higher levels of myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, and histone H3 in AP group than in controls.

Conclusions
The level of PMPs is a positive correlation with AP severity, which may be related to PMPs-NETs interaction. Platelet microparticles may be a potential predictor of severe AP and promising novel therapeutic target for AP.
Developing a Next-of-Kin Involvement Guide in Cancer Care—Results From a Consensus Process
Authors: Bergerød Inger J. , Braut Geir S. , Fagerdal Birte , Gilje Bjørnar , Wiig Siri 
Published: August 2020

Background
In hospital cancer care, there is no set standard for next-of-kin involvement in improving the quality of care and patient safety. There is therefore a growing need for tools and methods that can guide this complex area.

Objective
The aim of this study was to present the results from a consensus-based participatory process of designing a guide for next-of-kin involvement in hospital cancer care.

Method
A consensus process based on a modified Nominal group technique was applied with 20 stakeholder participants from 2 Norwegian university hospitals.

Result
The participants agreed on the 5 most important priorities for hospital cancer care services when involving next-of-kin. The results showed that next-of-kin stakeholders, when proactively involved, are important resources for the patient and healthcare professionals in terms of contribution to quality and safety in hospitals. Suggested means of involving next-of-kin were closer interaction with external support bodies, integration in clinical pathways, adjusted information, and training healthcare professionals.

Conclusion
In this study, we identified topics and elements to include in a next-of-kin involvement guide to support quality and safety in hospital cancer care. The study raises awareness of the complex area of next-of-kin involvement and contributes with theory development and knowledge translation in an involvement guide tailored for use by healthcare professionals and managers in everyday clinical practice.

Implications for Practice
Service providers can use the guide to formulate intentions and make decisions with suggestions and priorities or as a reflexive tool for organizational improvement.
Firearm Injury From Hunting .30 Caliber Bullet Passing Through an Intermediate Target (Binoculars)
Authors: Smędra Anna , Sidelnik Przemysław , Goryca Wojciech , Berent Jarosław 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article presents the results of research relating to the ricocheting of hunting ammunition and the application of these results to the investigation of a specific gunshot death, which occurred during a hunt for boars. The scene and autopsy findings revealed that a bullet had first struck a pair of binoculars around the victim's neck before entering his body. As the investigation proceeded, however, questions were raised as to whether the shot was a direct one or a ricochet. The case was thus referred to forensic medicine experts for their opinion. Experiments were conducted, which demonstrated that, although test ammunition could ricochet, the rebound fragments possessed insufficient kinetic energy to pierce the binoculars. On the basis of the experiments, it was determined that the victim had been killed by a direct shot and that the bullet had pierced the intermediate target of the binoculars before entering his body. The possibility of a ricochet producing the injuries found, that is, the victim being struck with a bullet or fragments rebounding from an obstacle, was considered unlikely.
Cerebral Vascular Thrombosis Associated With Ulcerative Colitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Crook Shannon M. , Quinton Reade A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We report a case of a sudden death of a 23-year-old man with a history of ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis due to cerebral vascular thrombosis. He was found supine in bed with no signs of trauma or drug use. Three days before being found, he had complained of fever and excessive diarrhea. At autopsy, the brain was markedly edematous with diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage over the left cerebral hemisphere. The vessels at the base of the brain were unremarkable, and there was no significant hemorrhage over the inferior surfaces. On sectioning, clotted blood was identified in the left frontal lobe and lateral ventricles. Microscopically, the left cerebral hemisphere showed extensive intraparenchymal hemorrhage, necrosis, and numerous thrombosed leptomeningeal vessels. Sections of the transverse and descending colon showed changes consistent with the history of ulcerative colitis.
Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis represents approximately 1% of all strokes and is a known rare complication associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Symptoms of cerebral venous thrombosis are highly variable and may manifest as headache, focal neurological deficits, seizure, or encephalopathy. In addition to acquired hypercoagulability risk factors patients develop during active disease flares (eg, dehydration), studies suggest that IBD itself represents an independent risk factor for thrombosis. It is important for the forensic pathologist to consider thrombotic complications, particularly those in the cerebral venous system, as potential manifestations of known or undiagnosed IBD.
Upper Limb Associated Reactions
Authors: Kahn Michelle B. , Williams Gavin , Mentiplay Benjamin F. , Bower Kelly J. , Olver John , Clark Ross A. 
Published: August 2020

Objective
The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate the relationships between stationary and dynamic associated reaction (AR) tests in people with acquired brain injury using surface electromyography (sEMG) muscle activity and three-dimensional motion analysis kinematic measures and (2) assess the test-retest reliability of sEMG and seated tests of ARs.

Design
Forty-two adults with acquired brain injury underwent AR testing with seated contralateral maximal voluntary isometric contraction tests and walking (self-selected and fast speeds). Associated reaction measurements included biceps brachii sEMG, elbow goniometry, and three-dimensional motion analysis kinematics during walking. Pearson correlations evaluated the relationships between seated and dynamic walking AR tests and between muscle activity and kinematic measures. Chronic participants were reassessed 1 wk later for reliability.

Results
A strong (r = 0.65) and moderate (r = 0.53) relationship existed for biceps brachii sEMG during seated and walking tests at self-selected and fast walk, respectively. A weak to moderate relationship existed between biceps brachii sEMG and kinematics during walking and between seated and walking measures of ARs (r = 0.23–0.53). All tests had strong to very strong test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients, >0.78).

Conclusion
Seated contralateral maximal voluntary isometric contraction tests correlate only weakly to moderately with AR walking kinematics and moderately to strongly with biceps brachii activation during walking. Moderate relationships exist between sEMG and kinematics, indicating that they may provide different information for ARs.
Demographics and Durable Medical Equipment Needs of Persons With Disabilities in a Charitable Rehabilitation Clinic
Authors: Martinez Claudia I. , Sanchez Ashley N. , Stampas Argyrios , Woo Jean , Verduzco-Gutierrez Monica 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study characterizes the demographics and durable medical equipment needs of persons with disabilities to improve utilization and management of resources at a philanthropic rehabilitation clinic. Paper charts from all encounters between 2013 and 2018 were reviewed. Data collected include sex, age, ethnicity, insurance status, diagnoses, and durable medical equipment requested/received. Paper charts that were incomplete or illegible were excluded. Among 763 individuals, there were 1157 encounters for durable medical equipment requests. Forty-six percent of individuals were uninsured. Thirty-seven percent had federal insurance such as Medicare or Medicaid, and 6% private insurance. Fifty-five percent of individuals were Hispanic, 28% African American, and 14% White. Fifty-six percent of encounters were with individuals with a neurological diagnosis, 18% medical diagnosis, 17% musculoskeletal/autoimmune diagnosis, 6% amputation diagnosis, and 3% cancer diagnosis. Of the 2680 items distributed, 34% were wheelchair parts and repair, 30% personal hygiene/incontinence supplies, 25% mobility equipment, and 11% bathroom equipment. Of the 513 unmet items requested, 49% were mobility equipment, 24% wheelchair parts and repair, 17% personal hygiene/incontinence supplies, and 11% bathroom equipment. More than a third (43%) of durable medical equipment requests were from individuals with either private insurance or federal payers, which implies lack of adequate coverage on durable medical equipment to maintain mobility and independence.
Clinical and Anatomical Considerations for Management of a Complete Tear of the Distal Rectus Femoris Myotendinous Junction
Authors: Holder Eric K. , Rose Alysha , Haims Andrew 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The knee extensor mechanism is a highly complex multilayered and reinforced structure. Quadriceps muscle injuries are considered to be common, particularly among athletes; however isolated rectus femoris injuries involving the distal myotendinous junction are considered to be exceedingly rare with very few case reports published to date. Thus, the presentation and diagnosis of this injury can be elusive and treatment is nonuniform. There is limited literature published advocating both nonsurgical and surgical management. We illustrate the clinical and radiologic presentation of a traumatic, nonsport-related distal rectus femoris muscle injury treated operatively. The presentation of this injury along with anatomical and clinical considerations is portrayed in detail. This case report contributes to the sparse literature regarding this injury and delineates management considerations.