bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of varying educational intervention on consumer understanding and attitude toward reducing sodium in food: Implications for marketing strategies
Authors: Saraiva Gonçalves Carla , Souza Carneiro João de Deus , Abadia Reis Rocha Renata , Carvalho de Rezende Daniel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of different forms of educational intervention (active learning, passive learning, and passive learning with an authoritative effect) and the way it is presented (soft or aggressive), to improve the knowledge of consumers regarding sodium and also sodium‐reduced product labels. The different educational interventions were used to provide information about sodium chloride, its importance in the body, and the label of the product with reduced sodium content. The research questionnaire was designed to determine the effect of different educational approaches. The educational interventions were equally efficient for the participant understanding of the questions about sodium and label. For questions, which refer to participant behavior and intention to buy, the educational intervention, passive learning was slightly (p ≤ .05) better than the others. The aggressive approach proved to be more efficient compared to the soft approach as the approach technique for educational intervention. The use of shocking information, such as the mortality rate, is an important tool to influence consumers to change their behavior.Practical ApplicationsThis research provides unprecedented information for the scientific community and the food industry. It expands the knowledge about the effectiveness of educational interventions (active learning, passive learning, and passive learning with authoritarian effect), which plays an effective role in improving consumer understanding of the damages caused by excessive sodium intake. The results of this can be study used to define media plans in order to achieve the consumption and consequently guide the consumer to consume less sodium.
Optimal age‐dependent income taxation in a dynamic extensive model: The case for negative participation tax on young people
Authors: Kataoka Takao , Takamatsu Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe consider optimal age‐dependent income taxation in a dynamic model where the labor‐leisure choice is the extensive margin, each household faces idiosyncratic shocks to labor productivity and a pecuniary cost to work, and there is no insurance market against the shocks. We show that the well‐known property of the optimal participation tax rate in the static model continues to hold in our dynamic economy, that is, the participation tax rates for some income groups with low consumption are likely negative. In dynamic models, the optimal participation tax rate depends on age and on labor income. Our numerical simulations suggest that a negative participation tax should be restricted to young households.
Pentapeptide‐repeat, cytoplasmic‐membrane protein HglK influences the septal junctions in the heterocystous cyanobacterium Anabaena
Authors: Arévalo Sergio , Flores Enrique 
Published: December 2019

AbstractN2‐fixing heterocystous cyanobacteria grow as chains of cells that are connected by proteinaceous septal junctions, which traverse the septal peptidoglycan through nanopores and mediate intercellular molecular transfer. In the model organism Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, proteins SepJ, FraC and FraD, which are localized at the cell poles in the intercellular septa, are needed to produce septal junctions. The pentapeptide‐repeat, membrane‐spanning protein HglK has been described to be involved in the deposition of the heterocyst‐specific glycolipid layer, but the hglK mutant also showed intercellular septa broader than in the wild type. Here we found that hglK mutant of Anabaena is impaired in the expression of heterocyst‐related genes coxB2A2C2 (cytochrome c oxidase) and nifHDK (nitrogenase), indicating a defect in heterocyst differentiation. HglK was predominantly localized at the intercellular septa and was required to make long filaments, produce a normal number of nanopores and express full intercellular molecular transfer activity. However, the effects of hglK inactivation were not additive to those of the inactivation of sepJ and/or fraC‐fraD. We suggest that HglK contributes to the architecture of the intercellular septa with an impact on the function of septal junctions.
Natural variation in the Arabidopsis AGO2 gene is associated with susceptibility to potato virus X
Authors: Brosseau Chantal , Bolaji Ayooluwa , Roussin‐Léveillée Charles , Zhao Zhenxing , Biga Sébastien , Moffett Peter 
Published: December 2019

Summary

RNA silencing functions as an anti‐viral defence in plants through the action of DICER‐like (DCL) and ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins. Despite the importance of this mechanism, little is known about the functional consequences of variation in genes encoding RNA silencing components.

The AGO2 protein has been shown to be important for defense against multiple viruses, and we investigated how naturally occurring differences in AGO2 between and within species affects its antiviral activities.

We find that the AGO2 protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, but not Nicotiana benthamiana, effectively limits potato virus X (PVX). Consistent with this, we find that the A. thaliana AGO2 gene shows a high incidence of polymorphisms between accessions, with evidence of selective pressure. Using functional analyses, we identify polymorphisms that specifically affect AGO2 antiviral activity, without interfering with other AGO2‐associated functions such as anti‐bacterial resistance or DNA methylation.

Our results suggest that viruses adapt to overcome RNA silencing in their hosts. Furthermore, they indicate that plant–virus interactions have influenced natural variation in RNA‐silencing components and that the latter may be a source of genetically encoded virus resistance.
Impact of monovision on dynamic accommodation of early presbyopes
Authors: Almutairi Meznah S , Altoaimi Basal H , Bradley Arthur 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo examine the impact of monovision on dynamic changes in accommodation, pupil responses, spherical aberration and resultant image quality in early presbyopes.MethodsRefractive state, pupil size and spherical aberration levels were monitored in nine early presbyopes who exhibited some accommodation (40–50 years, mean = 42 ± 2.37 years) using a Shack‐Hartmann aberrometer as a binocularly viewed stimulus stepped closer (from 2 m to 40 cm), or farther (from 40 cm to 2 m). Comparison data from two fully presbyopic (i.e. non‐accommodating) subjects (ages 46 and 61 years) and two young adults (ages 26 and 29 years) were also collected. Each subject was fit with four different refractive strategies: (1) both eyes corrected for 2 m, (2) both eyes corrected for 40 cm, (3) monovision with the measured right eye corrected for 2 m and, (4) monovision with the right eye corrected for 40 cm. Monochromatic image quality was quantified using the AreaMTF metric.ResultsWhen fit with monovision, the largest number of early presbyopes produce an accommodative response dominated by the right eye correction (distance or near) as the stimulus is abruptly changed from the retinal conjugate plane of one eye to that of the other eye. However, the accommodative responses in some early presbyopes were always dominated by the distance corrected eye, the near corrected eye, or by convergence. When the stimulus approached, the near corrected eye experienced high image quality only if there was no accommodative response. However, reduced image quality was observed if an accommodative response was initiated. Neither accommodation nor pupil response latencies were longer with monovision corrections compared with bilateral distance corrections (p > 0.05). In the early presbyopes, spherical aberration was reduced during near viewing, but primarily due to pupil miosis and not lens shape changes.ConclusionAs the stimulus was abruptly changed from the retinal conjugate plane of the distance corrected eye to that of the near corrected eye, most early presbyopes fit with monovision accommodated, which resulted in a decline, not an increase in image quality in the near corrected eye. These results reveal a non‐optimal accommodative strategy in early presbyopes fit with monovision.
Clinical Effects of Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion by Conventional Open versus Percutaneous Robot‐Assisted Minimally Invasive Pedicle Screw Placement in Elderly Patients
Authors: Feng Shuo , Tian Wei , Wei Yi 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous robot‐assisted minimally invasive pedicle screw insertion versus freehand fluoroscopy‐assisted pedicle screw insertion using a traditional open technique in elderly patients undergoing an oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) procedure.MethodsBased on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 80 patients with lumbar degenerative disease who attended the spinal surgery department of the Beijing Jishuitan Hospital between January 2017 and April 2018 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were randomized 1:1 to undergo percutaneous robot‐assisted minimally invasive pedicle screw insertion (experimental group, n = 40) or freehand fluoroscopy‐assisted pedicle screw insertion using a traditional open technique (control group, n = 40). Outcomes were accuracy of screw placement evaluated on postoperative CT using the modified Gertzbein and Robbins scale, operative time, blood loss, postoperative drainage, lower back and leg pain evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS), lumbar function evaluated using the Oswestry disability index (ODI), and complication rates.ResultsA total of 344 vertebral pedicle screws were inserted: 170 screws in the experimental group, and 174 screws in the control group. Accurate screw placement was significantly higher in the experimental group (98.2% [167/170]) than in the control group (93.1% [162/174]). Clinical outcomes showed significant differences between the experimental and control groups in operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative VAS for lower back pain in the immediate postoperative period.ConclusionRobot‐assisted pedicle screw insertion in OLIF is an effective strategy for the management of elderly patients with lumbar degenerative diseases.
Psychological consultancy in mental health services: A systematic review of service, staff, and patient outcomes
Authors: Ghag Jeetender , Kellett Stephen , Ackroyd Katie 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesPsychological consultation in mental health is an organizational intervention aiming to enable mental health care to be delivered in a more efficient manner. This review sought to: (1) clarify what theoretical models underpin consultancy, (2) define how consultancy is implemented, (3) assess the methodological rigour of the evidence base, and (4) define the outcomes achieved for services, staff, and patients. The review was focal to direct and indirect forms of consultation.MethodPRISMA guidelines were followed. Three databases were searched identifying N = 17 studies, and these were quality assessed using the QualSyst quality ratings checklist. Studies were grouped by model of consultation and outcome. A thematic analysis then clustered the patient, staff, and service outcomes into either discrepant or confirmatory evidence.ResultsThe most frequently adopted theoretical models underpinning psychological consultation are cognitive‐behavioural and cognitive‐analytic. Method of consultancy implementation is typically via case formulation meetings. Study quality varied from limited to strong. The main confirmatory and positive outcomes for staff are an increase in understanding and also more positive feelings towards patients, and for the service, there is a reduced need for other interventions.ConclusionsPsychological consultation appears a useful and worthwhile aspect of leadership by psychological therapists. Training in delivering consultancy needs to be well integrated into the core curricula of clinical training programmes. The evidence base is still in its infancy, and further well‐controlled research is required.
Mouse models of uveal melanoma: Strengths, weaknesses, and future directions
Authors: Richards Jackson R. , Yoo Jae Hyuk , Shin Donghan , Odelberg Shannon J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUveal melanoma is the most common primary malignancy of the eye, and a number of discoveries in the last decade have led to a more thorough molecular characterization of this cancer. However, the prognosis remains dismal for patients with metastases, and there is an urgent need to identify treatments that are effective for this stage of disease. Animal models are important tools for preclinical studies of uveal melanoma. A variety of models exist, and they have specific advantages, disadvantages, and applications. In this review article, these differences are explored in detail, and ideas for new models that might overcome current challenges are proposed.
Risk factors for febrile urinary tract infections in the first year after pediatric renal transplantation
Authors: Arpali Emre , Karatas Cihan , Akyollu Basak , Akinci Serkan , Gunaydin Bilal , Sal Oguzhan , Nayir Ahmet , Kocak Burak 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUrinary tract infection is the most common infectious complication following kidney transplant. Anatomic abnormalities, bladder dysfunction, a positive history of febrile urinary tract infection, and recipient age are reported risk factors. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for fUTI, which necessitated hospitalization in the first year after renal transplantation in our pediatric transplant population. A retrospective review of 195 pediatric patients who underwent kidney transplant between 2008 and 2017 from a single institution was performed. All patients admitted to the hospital with fUTI were marked for further analyses. The risk factors including age, gender, dialysis type, history of urologic disorders, and preoperative proteinuria for fUTI in the first year after kidney transplantation and graft survivals were investigated. Independent‐sample t test and chi‐square tests were used for univariate analysis. Exhaustive CHAID algorithm was used for multivariate analysis. The data of 115 male and 80 female patients were retracted. The mean ages of our cohort for males and females were 9.5 ± 5.1 and 10 ± 4.8 years, respectively. The age of the patients at transplant and their gender were found to be a statistically significant risk factors for developing fUTIs. Multivariate analysis showed that fUTI was common in female patients and a subgroup of male patients who had preoperative proteinuria, but no neurogenic bladder had higher risk compared with male patients without proteinuria. Patient surveillance and antibiotic prophylaxis algorithms can be developed to prevent febrile urinary tract infections seen after pediatric kidney transplantation in risky population.
Haploidentical bone marrow transplantation in a patient with sickle cell disease and acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Chellapandian Deepak , Nicholson Cameron L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMyeloid neoplasms in children with sickle cell disease have been rarely reported, and the exact underlying connection between these two conditions is not clearly understood. Whether the acute myeloid leukemia in hydroxyurea‐treated sickle cell patients is co‐incidental or related to therapy remains an unanswered question. Herein, we report a 14‐year‐old girl of Haitian descent with sickle beta zero thalassemia on chronic hydroxyurea therapy who developed FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)‐mutated acute myeloid leukemia and underwent a complete disease remission following a combination chemotherapy with sorafenib and was subsequently treated using a T cell replete unmanipulated haploidentical bone marrow transplantation followed by post‐transplant cyclophosphamide.
Impunity and Hope
Authors: Reeves Tony 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIs there a duty to prosecute grave international crimes? Many have thought so, even if they recognize the obligation to be defeasible. However, the theoretical literature frequently leaves the grounds for such a duty inadequately specified, or unsystematically amalgamated, leaving it unclear which considerations should drive and shape processes of criminal accountability. Further, the circumstance leaves calls to end impunity vulnerable to skeptical worries concerning the risks and costs of punishing perpetrators. I argue that a qualified duty to prosecute can be substantiated on the basis of a single class of reasons, though also that standard justifications of international criminal law (as currently conceived) are not up to the task. The account exploits the expressive dimension of punishment, but locates the central good of criminal accountability in its capacity to appropriately enable an agential stance on the part of subjects in transitional circumstances. It can legitimate, in a way to be specified, hope. The approach also displays the cynicism of an anti‐impunity ethos in the absence of a robust commitment to securing basic human rights in transitional circumstances.
Teaching small animal reproduction via virtual patients
Authors: Vogt Lena , Duckwitz Veronica , Arlt Sebastian P. , Haimerl Peggy , Bartel Alexander , Hautzinger Claudia , Birk Stephan , Haase Sebastian , Ladwig‐Wiegard Mechthild , Doherr Marcus G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVirtual patients have become an interesting alternative in medical education. Due to increasing demands regarding theoretical and clinical teaching and to improve an interdisciplinary approach, a new blended learning concept including virtual patients was developed and implemented in the veterinary curriculum of the Freie Universität Berlin. In the presented project, three virtual patients from the field of canine reproduction were developed. They focus on pregnancy diagnosis with suspected luteal insufficiency, pyometra and benign prostatic hyperplasia, respectively. The results of an evaluation by veterinary students of the 7th semester showed a high acceptance of virtual patients in a blended learning reproduction module in the interdisciplinary lectures. Students especially preferred videos, such as video lectures, hands‐on videos and animations as well as a glossary for background information, to successfully and autonomously work on a virtual case. The content covered by the new modules that were developed in the context of this project is part of a spiral curriculum; they will be revised and enhanced during the clinical year.
Survey on the oral health status of community‐dwelling older people with visual impairment
Authors: Hidaka Rena , Furuya Junichi , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Matsubara Chiaki , Obana Michiyo , Tokunaga Junji , Endo Keiko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsLittle is known about the impact of low vision (LV) on dental care in the elderly population. The present study aimed to clarify the oral health status and oral health behavior of older people with LV.Methods and resultsWe surveyed community‐dwelling older people (age ≥ 65 years, non‐LV = 35, LV = 23); and collected data on sex, age, systemic diseases, oral health status, and oral health behavior. Although there was no difference in dental clinic visits within one year, the LV group received significantly lesser oral health instructions by dental hygienists and dentists than the non‐LV (60.9% vs 85.7%, P < 0.05) group. Additionally, the LV group was more than twice as aware of the “8020 Campaign,” written by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan than the non‐LV group. The non‐LV group had higher awareness of thickening agents and denture cleaners, both of which may require visual input. Although we had assumed that LV would lead to poor results for the oral health status, there were no demonstrable differences between both groups.ConclusionOlder individuals with LV require suitable forms of nonvisual communication to receive oral health instruction and literacy.
Credit rationing and firm exports: Microeconomic evidence from small and medium‐sized enterprises in China
Authors: Cheng Dong , Tan Yong , Yu Jian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of credit rationing on export performance by small and medium‐sized firms in China. We use a detailed firm‐level data provided by the Small and Medium‐sized Enterprises Dynamic Survey (SMEDS) during 2015–16 to conduct this analysis. The SMEDS provides firm‐specific measures of credit rationing based directly on firm‐level responses to the survey rather than indirect ones, based on firm‐level financial statements. We find that, at the extensive margin, weak and strong credit rationing reduces export probability of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) by 15.1% and 39.6%, respectively. At the intensive margin, they decrease SMEs' export values by more than 20.0% and over 28.8%, respectively. Different than existing literature, we construct valid firm‐level instruments, firm‐level housing stock, for credit rationing rather than using province‐level instruments. We also employ county‐industry‐level instruments and obtain consistent estimates. In addition, credit rationing exhibits heterogeneous impacts on firms with different liquidity ratios, product portfolios, external collateral and capital utilisation rates.
An economic analysis of different treatments for bleeding in patients with acquired haemophilia
Authors: Kim Chong H. , Simmons Sierra C. , Wang Dandan , Najafzadeh Parisa , Azad Ameneh , Pham Huy P. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundAcquired haemophilia A (AHA), with potentially high risk of morbidity and mortality, occurs as a result of inhibitors against factor VIII. Bleeding due to AHA can be treated with activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC), recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) or recently, recombinant porcine‐sequence factor VIII (rpFVIII). We extended our previous cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) comparing rpFVIII against the available traditional options.MethodsFor high‐titred, haemorrhaging AHA patients treated with either aPCC, rFVIIa or rpFVIII, over the course of 6‐days, a Markov simulation was conducted to evaluate the outcomes when these patients transitioned into any of the four following health states: (1) continuous bleeding, (2) thrombosis, (3) stop bleeding and (4) death, with states (2), (3) and (4) modelled as absorbing states. All model parameters were obtained from the medical literature, except the costs of aPCC, rFVIIa and the factor VIII assay, which came from our institutional data.ResultsExcluding the cost of the initial treatment on day 0, the total subsequent treatment cost of rFVIIa was substantially more than the costs of aPCC and rpFVIII ($13 925 vs. $1778 vs. $6957, respectively). The average quality‐adjusted life days (QALDs) gained from rpFVIII was lowest (4·89 vs. 4·9 for rFVIIa and 4·91 for aPCC). Overall, aPCC dominated the other two treatments. The model was determined to be robust across the tested ranges for all input variables.ConclusionBased on this economic model, for AHA patients with high titres who were bleeding, aPCC was the most cost‐effective treatment option and may be considered for use if there is no clinical contraindication.