bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Diverse Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus Isolates in Maize Seed
Authors: Bernardo Pauline , Frey Timothy S. , Barriball Kelly , Paul Pierce A. , Willie Kristen , Mezzalama Monica , Kimani Esther , Mugambi Cyrus , Wangai Anne , Prasanna Boddupalli M. , Redinbaugh Margaret G. 
Published: December 2020

Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) has driven the emergence of maize lethal necrosis worldwide, where it threatens maize production in areas of East Africa, South America, and Asia. It is thought that MCMV transmission through seed may be important for introduction of the virus in new regions. Identification of infested seed lots is critical for preventing the spread of MCMV through seed. Although methods for detecting MCMV in leaf tissue are available, diagnostic methods for its detection in seed lots are lacking. In this study, ELISA, RT-PCR, and RT-qPCR were adapted for detection of MCMV in maize seed. Purified virions of MCMV isolates from Kansas, Mexico, and Kenya were then used to determine the virus detection thresholds for each diagnostic assay. No substantial differences in response were detected among the isolates in any of the three assays. The RT-PCR and a SYBR Green-based RT-qPCR assays were >3,000 times more sensitive than commercial ELISA for MCMV detection. For ELISA using seed extracts, selection of positive and negative controls was critical, most likely because of relatively high backgrounds. Use of seed soak solutions in ELISA detected MCMV with similar sensitivity to seed extracts, produced minimal background, and required substantially less labor. ELISA and RT-PCR were both effective for detecting MCMV in seed lots from Hawaii and Kenya, with ELISA providing a reliable and inexpensive diagnostic assay that could be implemented routinely in seed testing facilities. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Use of Electronic Health Record Data to Estimate the Probability of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in a National Cohort of Hospitalized Veterans
Authors: Steel Tessa L. , Malte Carol A. , Bradley Katharine A. , Hawkins Eric J. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
Inpatient alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is common and early treatment improves outcomes, but no prior study has used electronic health record (EHR) data, available at admission, to predict the probability of inpatient AWS. This study estimated the probability of inpatient AWS using prior-year EHR data, hypothesizing that documented alcohol use disorder (AUD) and AWS would be strongly associated with inpatient AWS while exploring associations with other patient characteristics.

Methods:
The study investigated patients hospitalized ≥24 hours on medical services in the Veterans Health Administration during 2013 using EHR data extracted from the Veterans Health Administration Corporate Data Warehouse. ICD-9-CM diagnosis code, demographic, and healthcare utilization data documented in the year before admission defined prior-year AUD, AWS, and other factors associated with inpatient AWS. The primary outcome, inpatient AWS, was defined by inpatient ICD-9-CM codes.

Results:
The unadjusted probability of AWS was 5.0% (95% CI 4.5%–5.4%) among 209,151 medical inpatients overall, 26.4% (95% CI 24.4%–28.4%) among those with prior-year AUD, and 62.5% (95% CI 35.2%–39.7%) among those with prior-year AWS. Of those with AWS, 86% had documented prior-year AUD and/or AWS. Other patient characteristics associated with increased probability of inpatient AWS (P < 0.001) were: male sex, single relationship status, homelessness, seizure, and cirrhosis.

Conclusions:
Although inpatient providers often use history to predict AWS, this is the first study in hospitalized patients to inform and validate this practice, showing that prior-year diagnosis of AUD and/or AWS in particular, can identify the majority of inpatients who should be monitored for AWS.
Impacts of the COVID-19 Shutdown on Gambling Patterns in Australia: Consideration of Problem Gambling and Psychological Distress
Authors: Gainsbury Sally M. , Swanton Thomas B. , Burgess Martin T. , Blaszczynski Alex 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
The COVID-19 pandemic reduced access to gambling and contributed to widespread psychological distress. Psychological distress is a known risk factor for problem gambling as it can motivate excessive gambling as a coping response. The availability of gambling is considered a factor in maintaining problems. This paper aimed to investigate the impact of the shutdown of gambling venues on Australians, particularly among those vulnerable to mental health problems and gambling disorder.

Methods:
Australian adults who had gambled at least once in the past 12 months (N = 764, 85.2% male) completed an online cross-sectional survey. Self-report measures retrospectively assessed typical monthly gambling frequency and expenditure before and after the COVID-19 venue shutdown, problem gambling, and psychological distress.

Results:
Significant median decreases in gambling frequency were observed, both online and overall. No relationship was found between psychological distress and baseline or increases in gambling. Greater problem gambling severity was related to higher baseline gambling, but not to increases in gambling. Exploratory analysis showed that individuals engaged in moderate-risk gambling, but not problem gambling, were more likely to report increased gambling frequency compared to nonproblem and low-risk gamblers combined.

Conclusions:
Findings provide important insights into how changes in availability influence gambling participation, and for understanding the effectiveness of forced restrictions and venue exclusion strategies. Most people moderated their gambling when venue-based gambling was unavailable and opportunities for sports betting were limited. However, harms experienced by individuals with some gambling problems may have been exacerbated during the period of limited access. Policies to enhance prevention and treatment of gambling problems are necessary even when availability is reduced.
Brief Psychological Interventions for Reducing Prescription Opioid Use, Related Harm, and Pain Intensity in Patients With Chronic Pain
Authors: Elphinston Rachel A. , Sterling Michele , Leung Janni , Gray Paul D. , Scotti Requena Simone , Connor Jason P. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
Brief psychological interventions (BPIs) have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing substance use and related harm. No systematic review has examined their potential to reduce or prevent prescription opioid use or related harm, and/or pain intensity in opioid-using patients with chronic noncancer pain (CNCP). Recognizing the importance of patient preferences in evidence-based practice, we also sought to assess patient interest in BPIs.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic review of studies published between 1980 and 2020 was conducted using 5 databases. Eligible treatment studies included patients ≥18 years old, with CNCP, and who were using prescription opioids. An adjunctive study independent of our review was also undertaken in 188 prescription opioid-using patients (77% female; M
age=49 y) diagnosed with CNCP. Patients completed pain-related questionnaires online and indicated if they would consider BPI treatment options.

Results:
The review identified 6 studies. Given the heterogeneity across studies, a meta-analysis was not conducted. A narrative review found that all of the 6 studies demonstrated some evidence for BPI effectiveness for reducing opioid use or related harms; these were assessed as having mostly low methodological quality. Mixed support for the effect on pain intensity was found in 1 study. Despite the inconclusive findings and heterogenous studies identified in the review, 92% of patients in our survey reported interest in receiving a BPI.

Discussion:
In combination, these findings highlight the inconsistency between patient demand and the availability of evidence for BPIs targeting opioid use, related harm, and pain intensity. Future work should examine the effectiveness of BPIs in higher quality studies.
Surrogate Humane Endpoints in Small Animal Models of Acute Lung Injury: A Modified Delphi Consensus Study of Researchers and Laboratory Animal Veterinarians*
Authors: McGinn Ryan , Fergusson Dean A. , Stewart Duncan J. , Kristof Arnold S. , Barron Carly C. , Thebaud Bernard , McIntyre Lauralyn , Stacey Dawn , Liepmann Mark , Dodelet-Devillers Aurore , Zhang Haibo , Renlund Richard , Lilley Elliot , Downey Gregory P. , Brown Earl G. , Côté Lucie , dos Santos Claudia C. , Fox-Robichaud Alison E. , Hussain Sabah N.A. , Laffey John G. , Liu Mingyao , MacNeil Jenna , Orlando Holly , Qureshi Salman T. , Turner Patricia V. , Winston Brent W. , Lalu Manoj M. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
In many jurisdictions, ethical concerns require surrogate humane endpoints to replace death in small animal models of acute lung injury. Heterogenous selection and reporting of surrogate endpoints render interpretation and generalizability of findings between studies difficult. We aimed to establish expert-guided consensus among preclinical scientists and laboratory animal veterinarians on selection and reporting of surrogate endpoints, monitoring of these models, and the use of analgesia.

Design:
A three-round consensus process, using modified Delphi methodology, with researchers who use small animal models of acute lung injury and laboratory animal veterinarians who provide care for these animals. Statements on the selection and reporting of surrogate endpoints, monitoring, and analgesia were generated through a systematic search of MEDLINE and Embase. Participants were asked to suggest any additional potential statements for evaluation.

Setting:
A web-based survey of participants representing the two stakeholder groups (researchers, laboratory animal veterinarians). Statements were rated on level of evidence and strength of support by participants. A final face-to-face meeting was then held to discuss results.

Subjects:
None.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Forty-two statements were evaluated, and 29 were rated as important, with varying strength of evidence. The majority of evidence was based on rodent models of acute lung injury. Endpoints with strong support and evidence included temperature changes and body weight loss. Behavioral signs and respiratory distress also received support but were associated with lower levels of evidence. Participants strongly agreed that analgesia affects outcomes in these models and that none may be necessary following nonsurgical induction of acute lung injury. Finally, participants strongly supported transparent reporting of surrogate endpoints. A prototype composite score was also developed based on participant feedback.

Conclusions:
We provide a preliminary framework that researchers and animal welfare committees may adapt for their needs. We have identified knowledge gaps that future research should address.
Loss of GRB2 associated binding protein 1 in arteriosclerosis obliterans promotes host autophagy
Authors: Ye Meng , Guo Xiang-Jiang , Kan Ke-Jia , Ni Qi-Hong , Chen Jia-Quan , Wang Han , Qian Xin , Xue Guan-Hua , Deng Hao-Yu , Zhang Lan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
Arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) is a major cause of adult limb loss worldwide. Autophagy of vascular endothelial cell (VEC) contributes to the ASO progression. However, the molecular mechanism that controls VEC autophagy remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of the GRB2 associated binding protein 1 (GAB1) in regulating VEC autophagy.

Methods:

In vivo and in vitro studies were applied to determine the loss of adapt protein GAB1 in association with ASO progression. Histological GAB1 expression was measured in sclerotic vascular intima and normal vascular intima. Gain- and loss-of-function of GAB1 were applied in VEC to determine the effect and potential downstream signaling of GAB1.

Results:
The autophagy repressor p62 was significantly downregulated in ASO intima as compared to that in healthy donor (0.80 vs. 0.20, t = 6.43, P < 0.05). The expression level of GAB1 mRNA (1.00 vs. 0.24, t = 7.41, P < 0.05) and protein (0.72 vs. 0.21, t = 5.97, P < 0.05) was significantly decreased in ASO group as compared with the control group. Loss of GAB1 led to a remarkable decrease in LC3II (1.19 vs. 0.68, t = 5.99, P < 0.05), whereas overexpression of GAB1 significantly led to a decrease in LC3II level (0.41 vs. 0.93, t = 7.12, P < 0.05). Phosphorylation levels of JNK and p38 were significantly associated with gain- and loss-of-function of GAB1 protein.

Conclusion:
Loss of GAB1 promotes VEC autophagy which is associated with ASO. GAB1 and its downstream signaling might be potential therapeutic targets for ASO treatment.
ANGIOGRAPHIC RISK FACTORS FOR RECURRENCE OF MACULAR EDEMA ASSOCIATED WITH BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
Authors: Kogo Takahiro , Muraoka Yuki , Uji Akihito , Ooto Sotaro , Murakami TOMOAKI , Kadomoto Shin , Iida-Miwa Yuko , Miyake Masahiro , Miyata Manabu , Tsujikawa Akitaka 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To examine angiographic risk factors for the recurrence of macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion.

Methods:
We consecutively included 51 patients with treatment-naive branch retinal vein occlusion involving the macular area. Each eye initially received 3 monthly ranibizumab injections, with additional injections as necessary. At Month 3, we examined parafoveal vessel diameter indexes (VDI) in all sectors using optical coherence tomography angiography and determined the association with retinal thickness changes (Month 3–Month 5) and the number of ranibizumab injections during 12 months.

Results:
Parafoveal VDIs in the affected, nasal, and temporal sectors at Month 3 were significantly associated with corresponding parafoveal thickening (P = 0.020, 0.010, and <0.001, respectively), and the parafoveal VDIs in the affected and temporal sectors were significantly associated with future foveal thickening (P = 0.037, and 0.026, respectively). Moreover, the parafoveal VDI in the temporal sector showed a significant association with the total required number of ranibizumab injections (P = 0.040).

Conclusion:
The parafoveal VDI may adequately represent the degree of congestion associated with branch retinal vein occlusion. Particularly, the VDI in the temporal sector may be a good predictor of future retinal thickening in the corresponding parafovea and the fovea and the number of ranibizumab injections.
CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION SECONDARY TO PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY FOR CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: Hwang Sungsoon , Noh Hoon , Kang Se Woong , Kang Min Chae , Lee Dongyoung , Kim Sang Jin 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of complicated choroidal neovascularization (CNV) after reduced-fluence photodynamic therapy (PDT) for central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods:
This is a retrospective consecutive interventional study including 559 eyes from 520 patients treated by reduced-fluence PDT for central serous chorioretinopathy. The incidence of complicated CNV within 3 months after PDT was calculated. Baseline demographics and ocular findings were investigated to identify risk factors. The clinical course of complicated CNV was analyzed.

Results:
Seven cases experienced development of active CNV after PDT within 3 months with a median interval of 4 weeks (range, 2–12 weeks). The incidence was estimated as 1.25% (95% CI, 0.55–2.62%). Complicated CNV developed in 6 among 138 eyes (4.35%) with flat irregular pigment epithelial detachment and in 1 among 421 eyes (0.24%) without flat irregular pigment epithelial detachment (P < 0.001, Fisher's exact test). The median best-corrected visual acuity recovered from 20/100 at the time of CNV development to 20/20 after anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injections (median, 3 times).

Conclusion:
In approximately 1%, reduced-fluence PDT for central serous chorioretinopathy may be complicated by CNV, which can be well controlled with anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injection. Flat irregular pigment epithelial detachment increases the risk of secondary CNV following PDT.
USING THREE-DIMENSIONAL OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY METRICS IMPROVES REPEATABILITY ON QUANTIFICATION OF ISCHEMIA IN EYES WITH DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA
Authors: Borrelli Enrico , Parravano Mariacristina , Costanzo Eliana , Sacconi Riccardo , Querques Lea , Pennisi Flavia , De Geronimo Daniele , Bandello Francesco , Querques Giuseppe 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
Two-dimensional (2D) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is known to be prone to segmentation errors, especially in pathologic eyes. Therefore, our aim was to systematically compare intrasession repeatability between repeated scans for 2D and three-dimensional (3D) OCTA metrics in quantifying retinal perfusion in eyes with diabetic macular edema.

Methods:
Diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema who had two consecutive OCTA imaging scans obtained during the same visit were retrospectively included. A previously validated algorithm was applied to OCTA volume data to measure the 3D vascular volume and perfusion density. Optical coherence tomography angiography en face images were also processed to obtain 2D perfusion density metrics.

Results:
Twenty patients (20 eyes) with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema were included. The intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.591 to 0.824 for 2D OCTA metrics and from 0.935 to 0.967 for 3D OCTA metrics. Therefore, compared with the 2D OCTA analysis, the intraclass correlation coefficients of the 3D OCTA analysis were higher (without overlapping of the 95% confidential intervals). Similarly, the coefficient of variation (ranging from 2.2 to 4.2 for 2D OCTA metrics and from 1.9 to 2.0 for 3D OCTA metrics) indicated that the 3D OCTA-based quantifications had the highest interscan intrasession agreements. Differences in interscan 2D OCTA metrics' values were associated with average macular volume.

Conclusion:
Three-dimensional OCTA metrics have higher values of intrasession repeatability, as compared with 2D OCTA metrics. The latter finding seems to be related to the high rate of segmentation errors occurring in diabetic macular edema eyes.
PROLIFERATIVE RETINOPATHY IN A 13-YEAR-OLD WITH ADAMS–OLIVER SYNDROME
Authors: Meyer Benjamin I. , Williams Parker J. , Hanif Adam M. , Lenhart Phoebe D. , Hubbard G. Baker , Jain Nieraj 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
Adams–Oliver syndrome is a rare, inherited disorder of embryologic development that affects multiple systems. Ocular manifestations have been poorly characterized because of the low prevalence and high mortality of the disease when it is associated with internal organ and/or ophthalmic manifestations. We present a case of Adams–Oliver syndrome in a 13-year-old patient whose multimodal retinal imaging findings helped direct management.

Methods:
Single patient case report reviewing medical records and imaging.

Results:
Visual acuity upon presentation was 20/40 in each eye. Ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography revealed peripheral nonperfusion with terminal vascular bulbs, and leakage from a temporal fibrovascular complex in the left eye. Fundus autofluorescence imaging showed hyperautofluorescence associated with optic disc drusen and the fibrovascular complex. Treatment with targeted laser photocoagulation was associated with regression of the neovascularization.

Conclusion:
Retinal manifestations of Adams–Oliver syndrome as observed with ultra-widefield fundus imaging may resemble those of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. Treatment of avascular retina with panretinal photocoagulation can be considered.
Validation of the single-cuff oscillometric blood pressure monitor InBody BPBIO750 for public spaces according to the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/European Society of Hypertension/International Organization for Standardization Universal Standard
Authors: Ntineri Angeliki , Prapa Sofia , Bountzona Ioanna , Menti Ariadni , Stergiou George S. 
Published: December 2020

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the single upper-arm cuff oscillometric blood pressure (BP) monitor InBody BPBIO750 developed for self-measurement by adults in public spaces (kiosk) according to the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/European Society of Hypertension/International Organization for Standardization (AAMI/ESH/ISO) Universal Standard (ISO 81060-2:2018).

Methods
Subjects were recruited to fulfil the age, gender, BP and cuff distribution criteria of the AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard in general population using the same arm sequential BP measurement method.

Results
A total of 102 subjects were recruited and 85 were analyzed [mean age 56.7 ± 15.4 (SD) years, 40 men, arm circumference 32.3 ± 5.3 cm, range 22–42 cm]. For validation criterion 1, the mean ± SD of the differences between the test device and reference BP readings was 2.2 ± 6.1/−2.2 ± 5.2 mmHg (systolic/diastolic). For criterion 2, the SD of the averaged BP differences between the test device and reference BP per subject was 5.00/4.63 mmHg (systolic/diastolic).

Conclusion
The InBody BPBIO750 device fulfilled all the requirements of the AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard (ISO 81060-2:2018) in general population and can be recommended for clinical use in adults.
Endoscopic mucosal resection of large colonic laterally spreading tumors using a dedicated viscous solution for submucosal injection (ORISE gel): a short case series (with video)
Authors: Lisotti Andrea , Marocchi Gianmarco , Calì Anna , Fusaroli Pietro 
Published: December 2020

Objective
Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of large (>20 mm) laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) was usually rescheduled to guarantee experienced operator and enough endoscopic schedule time. The use of viscous solutions allows a reduction in repeated injections, snare resections and procedural time. The aim was to describe the outcome of EMR of large LSTs performed at the time of index colonoscopy, using ORISE gel (Boston Scientific).

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed retrieving patients who underwent EMR of large colonic LSTs at the time of index colonoscopy. EMR was performed after dynamic injection of ORISE gel to create a submucosal cushion. Procedural parameters, together with pathological and endoscopic outcomes, were analyzed.

Results
Five patients [three males, median age 65 (45–70) years] were included. Median LST size was 35 mm (25–40). Median procedure time was 8 min (range 3–13). En bloc resection was achieved in one out of five cases; four out of five were planned as piecemeal resections. A median of 10 mL (10–20) of viscous solution was injected. R0 resection was achieved in the single case who underwent en bloc EMR, whereas it was not assessable in the case of piecemeal resections. One self-limiting bleeding was observed.

Conclusion
The use of ORISE gel allows a well-tolerated and rapid performance of EMR of large colonic LSTs even at the time of index colonoscopy. In our opinion, in these specific situations, the use of viscous solutions is advisable and also affordable.