bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Pseudoplanar Heterojunction Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Nonfullerene Alloyed Acceptor
Authors: Wan Ji , Zhang Lifu , He Qiannan , Liu Siqi , Huang Bin , Hu Lei , Zhou Weihua , Chen Yiwang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe vast majority of ternary organic solar cells are obtained by simply fabricating bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layers. Due to the inappropriate distribution of donors and acceptors in the vertical direction, a new method by fabricating pseudoplanar heterojunction (PPHJ) ternary organic solar cells is proposed to better modulate the morphology of active layer. The pseudoplanar heterojunction ternary organic solar cells (P‐ternary) are fabricated by a sequential solution treatment technique, in which the donor and acceptor mixture blends are sequentially spin‐coated. As a consequence, a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.2% is achieved with a Voc of 0.79 V, Jsc of 25.6 mA cm−2, and fill factor (FF) of 69.8% compared with the ternary BHJ system of 13.8%. At the same time, the alloyed acceptor is likely formed between two the acceptors through a series of in‐depth explorations. This work suggests that nonfullerene alloyed acceptor may have great potential to realize effective P‐ternary organic solar cells.
Multilevel Hollow MXene Tailored Low‐Pt Catalyst for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution in Full‐pH Range and Seawater
Authors: Xiu Luyang , Pei Wei , Zhou Si , Wang Zhiyu , Yang Pengju , Zhao Jijun , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMultilevel hollow structures provide a superior material platform to conventional designs for exceptional functionalities enabled by wide tailorability of interfacial properties and local microenvironments. Herein, a facile strategy is reported for tailoring the electrocatalytic performance of a low‐Pt catalyst over a wide range of pH conditions using multilevel hollow MXene with sufficient diffusion channels, multiple reactive surface areas, and robust frameworks with high conductivity and hydrophilic and aggregation resistance. Their synergy with ultrafine Pt creates efficient multifunctional catalytic interfaces with high Pt utilization, and overall enhanced charge transport, H+/water adsorption activation, intermediate H binding, and ionic/mass exchange. The resultant catalyst fully exceeds the commercial 20% Pt/C by 10–20 folds in mass activity for hydrogen evolution through the full pH range. The highest mass activity of 12.94 A mgPt−1 is achieved in an alkaline electrolyte with 1/8 Pt usage of 20% Pt/C. This catalyst also exhibits the best combination of high activity, long lifetime (250 h, 31 times of Pt/C), and nearly 100% Faradaic efficiency among 20% Pt/C (8 h) and documented electrocatalysts (10–100 h) for hydrogen production in natural seawater. This study offers an effective interface‐engineering strategy to regulate electrocatalysis over broad chemical conditions to meet the complicated application criteria.
Multifunctional Phosphorus‐Containing Lewis Acid and Base Passivation Enabling Efficient and Moisture‐Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Zhi , Dou Jinjuan , Kou Song , Dang Jialin , Ji Yongqiang , Yang Guanjun , Wu Wu‐Qiang , Kuang Dai‐Bin , Wang Minqiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMultiple‐cation lead mixed‐halide perovskites (MLMPs) have been recognized as ideal candidates in perovskite solar cells in terms of high efficiency and stability due to decreased open‐circuit voltage loss and suppressed yellow phase formation. However, they still suffer from an unsatisfactory long‐term moisture stability. In this study, phosphorus‐containing Lewis acid and base molecules are employed to improve device efficiency and stability based on their multifunction including recombination reduction, phase segregation suppression, and moisture resistance. The strong fluorine‐containing Lewis acid treatment can achieve a champion PCE of 22.02%. Unencapsulated and encapsulated devices retain 63% and 80% of the initial efficiency after 14 days of aging under 75% and 85% relative humidity, respectively. The better passivation of Lewis acid implies more halide defects than Pb defects at the MLMP surface. This unbalanced defect type results from phase segregation that is the synergistic effect of Cs and halide ion migrations. Identifying defect type based on different passivation effects is beneficial to not only choose suitable passivators to boost the efficiency and slow down the moisture degradation of MLMP solar cells, but also to understand the mechanism of defect‐assisted moisture degradation.
Emerging Dual‐Channel Transition‐Metal‐Oxide Quasiaerogels by Self‐Embedded Templating
Authors: Guo Hele , Zhou Jun , Li Qianqian , Li Yueming , Zong Wei , Zhu Jixin , Xu Jingsan , Zhang Chao , Liu Tianxi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe lack of precise control of particle sizes is the critical challenge in the assembly of 3D interconnected transition‐metal oxide (TMO) for newly‐emerging energy conversion devices. A self‐embedded templating strategy for preparing the TMO@carbon quasiaerogels (TMO@C‐QAs) is proposed. By mimicking an aerogel structure at a microscale, the TMO@C‐QA successfully assembles size‐controllable TMO nanoparticles into 3D interconnected structure with surface‐enriched carbon species. The morphological evolutions of intermediates verify that the self‐embedded Ostwald ripening templating approach is responsible for the dual‐channel TMO@C‐QA formation. The general self‐embedded templating strategy is easily extended to prepare various TMO@C‐QAs, including the Co3O4@C‐QA, Mn3O4@C‐QA, Fe2O3@C‐QA, and NiO@C‐QA. Benefiting from the unparalleled 3D interconnected network of aerogels, the Co3O4@C‐QA displays superior bifunctional catalytic activities for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as well as high specific capacity and excellent long‐term stability for lithium‐ion battery (LIB) anode. A proof‐of‐concept battery‐powered electrolyzer with Co3O4@C‐QA cathode and anode powered by a full LIB with Co3O4@C‐QA anode is presented. The battery‐powered electrolyzer made of the state‐of‐the‐art TMOs can exhibit great competitive advantages due to its supreme multifunctional energy conversion performance for future water electrolysis.
Encapsulation of Human Natural and Induced Regulatory T‐Cells in IL‐2 and CCL1 Supplemented Alginate‐GelMA Hydrogel for 3D Bioprinting
Authors: Kim Juewan , Hope Christopher M. , Gantumur Narangerel , Perkins Griffith B. , Stead Sebastian O. , Yue Zhilian , Liu Xiao , Asua Ane U. , Kette Francis D. , Penko Daniella , Drogemuller Christopher J. , Carroll Robert P. , Barry Simon C. , Wallace Gordon G. , Coates Patrick Toby 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRegulatory T‐cells (Tregs) are important modulators of the immune system through their intrinsic suppressive functions. Systemic adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded Tregs has been extensively investigated for allogeneic transplantation. Due to the time‐consuming and costly expansion protocols of Tregs, more targeted approaches could be beneficial. The encapsulation of human natural and induced Tregs for localized immunosuppression is described for the first time. Tregs encapsulated in alginate‐gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel remain viable, phenotypically stable, functional, and confined in the structure. Supplementation of the hydrogel with the Treg‐specific bioactive factors interleukin‐2 and chemokine ligand 1 improves Treg viability, suppressive phenotype, and function, and attracts to the structure CCR8+ T‐cells enriched with anti‐inflammatory subpopulations, including Tregs, from human peripheral blood. Furthermore, these findings are applicable to 3D bioprinting. Co‐axial printing of murine pancreatic islets with human natural and induced Tregs protects the islets from xenoresponse upon co‐culture with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This establishes the co‐encapsulation of Tregs by co‐axial 3D bioprinting as a valid option for providing local immune protection to allogeneic cellular transplants such as pancreatic islets.
Sequential Targeting in Crosslinking Nanotheranostics for Tackling the Multibarriers of Brain Tumors
Authors: Wu Hao , Lu Hongwei , Xiao Wenwu , Yang Jinfan , Du Hongxu , Shen Yingbin , Qu Haijing , Jia Bei , Manna Suman K. , Ramachandran Mythili , Xue Xiangdong , Ma Zhao , Xu Xiaobao , Wang Zhongling , He Yixuan , Lam Kit S. , Zawadzki Robert J. , Li Yuanpei , Lin Tzu‐Yin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe efficacy of therapeutics for brain tumors is seriously hampered by multiple barriers to drug delivery, including severe destabilizing effects in the blood circulation, the blood–brain barrier/blood–brain tumor barrier (BBB/BBTB), and limited tumor uptake. Here, a sequential targeting in crosslinking (STICK) nanodelivery strategy is presented to circumvent these important physiological barriers to improve drug delivery to brain tumors. STICK nanoparticles (STICK‐NPs) can sequentially target BBB/BBTB and brain tumor cells with surface maltobionic acid (MA) and 4‐carboxyphenylboronic acid (CBA), respectively, and simultaneously enhance nanoparticle stability with pH‐responsive crosslinkages formed by MA and CBA in situ. STICK‐NPs exhibit prolonged circulation time (17‐fold higher area under curve) than the free agent, allowing increased opportunities to transpass the BBB/BBTB via glucose‐transporter‐mediated transcytosis by MA. The tumor acidic environment then triggers the transformation of the STICK‐NPs into smaller nanoparticles and reveals a secondary CBA targeting moiety for deep tumor penetration and enhanced uptake in tumor cells. STICK‐NPs significantly inhibit tumor growth and prolong the survival time with limited toxicity in mice with aggressive and chemoresistant diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. This formulation tackles multiple physiological barriers on‐demand with a simple and smart STICK design. Therefore, these features allow STICK‐NPs to unleash the potential of brain tumor therapeutics to improve their treatment efficacy.
Large‐Scale Ultrathin 2D Wide‐Bandgap BiOBr Nanoflakes for Gate‐Controlled Deep‐Ultraviolet Phototransistors
Authors: Gong Chuanhui , Chu Junwei , Qian Shifeng , Yin Chujun , Hu Xiaozong , Wang Hongbo , Wang Yang , Ding Xiang , Jiang Shangchi , Li Alei , Gong Youpin , Wang Xianfu , Li Chaobo , Zhai Tianyou , Xiong Jie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTernary two‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors with controllable wide bandgap, high ultraviolet (UV) absorption coefficient, and critical tuning freedom degree of stoichiometry variation have a great application prospect for UV detection. However, as‐reported ternary 2D semiconductors often possess a bandgap below 3.0 eV, which must be further enlarged to achieve comprehensively improved UV, especially deep‐UV (DUV), detection capacity. Herein, sub‐one‐unit‐cell 2D monolayer BiOBr nanoflakes (≈0.57 nm) with a large size of 70 µm are synthesized for high‐performance DUV detection due to the large bandgap of 3.69 eV. Phototransistors based on the 2D ultrathin BiOBr nanoflakes deliver remarkable DUV detection performance including ultrahigh photoresponsivity (Rλ, 12739.13 A W−1), ultrahigh external quantum efficiency (EQE, 6.46 × 106%), and excellent detectivity (D*, 8.37 × 1012 Jones) at 245 nm with a gate voltage (Vg) of 35 V attributed to the photogating effects. The ultrafast response (τrise = 102 µs) can be achieved by utilizing photoconduction effects at Vg of −40 V. The combination of photocurrent generation mechanisms for BiOBr‐based phototransistors controlled by Vg can pave a way for designing novel 2D optoelectronic materials to achieve optimal device performance.
Color‐Tunable Photoluminescence and Whispering Gallery Mode Lasing of Alloyed CsPbCl3(1–x)Br3x Microstructures
Authors: An Yuehua , Shen Xia , Zhang Yanyan , Liu Da , Wu Yu , Guo Pengfei , Zhou Weichang , Hao Yuying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBandgap engineering of perovskite micro/nanostructures is important in designing multifunctional optoelectronic circuits. Especially, wavelength tunable lasing and modes are essential to the practical applications of micro/nanoscale lasers. Here, for the first time, a sample source‐moving chemical vapor deposition approach for the spatial bandgap engineering of cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbCl3(1–x)Br3x, X = 0–0.75) alloy microstructures on a single sapphire substrate is reported. Owing to temperature‐selected effort along the deposition zoon, cesium lead halide perovskites alloy CsPbCl3(1–x)Br3x microcrystals with engineerable bandgap from 2.39 to 2.91 eV are obtained. The emission light can be modulated gradually from blue (425 nm) to green (512 nm) under a 320 nm laser illumination. Furthermore, these alloyed perovskites structures grown on the sapphire substrate show stable emission with no measurable degradation after 24 h under a continuous wavelength 320 nm laser radiation. More importantly, high‐quality wavelength tunable whispering gallery mode lasing with emission peaks from 429 to 521 nm are first successfully fabricated based on these alloyed pervoskite crystals. These composition‐graded perovskite microcrystals demonstrated here may find applications in multicolor display and broad band light sources.
Interactive Color‐Changing Electronic Skin Based on Flexible and Piezoelectrically Tunable Quantum Dots Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Hu Han‐Wen , Shen Tien‐Lin , Lin Tai‐Yuan , Chen Yang‐Fang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInspired by animals in nature, such as chameleons, frogs, and cephalopods, the remarkable capability of changing one's skin color has drawn considerable interests due to its wide applications in camouflage, warning methods, and visual communications. Today, research on electronic skins (e‐skins), imitating biological skin by quantifying external stimuli, to mimic this unique color‐changing function has been achieved based on the integration of a matrix of displays and sensors; however, integrated systems possess bulky and complicated fabrication processes. Here, the first attempt to demonstrate a single user‐interactive e‐skin device with color‐changing response upon applied external strain is made, while using a cost‐effective and space‐saving method, which promises to open new possibilities for the development of next‐generation e‐skins with visual response.
Stability of Perovskite Light Sources: Status and Challenges
Authors: Li Guohui , Chen Keqiang , Cui Yanxia , Zhang Yupeng , Tian Yue , Tian Bining , Hao Yuying , Wu Yucheng , Zhang Han 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStable perovskites light sources with long‐term stability are of great significance for future commercial applications. In this review, recent advances of the degradation models for perovskites and strategies for enhancing the stability of the corresponding light sources are summarized. Improving the stability and quality of perovskite materials is a common way for developing stable perovskite light sources. For strengthening the stability of perovskite light‐emitting diodes, approaches such as surface and interface engineering and employing more stable hole injection layers are effective. To enhance the stability of perovskite amplified spontaneous emission and lasers, methods such as protecting perovskites by materials with high intrinsic thermal conductivity and high stability, better thermal managements, and reducing the threshold carrier densities are useful. This work will be helpful for further prompting the performances, especially the stability of perovskite light sources in this fantastic field.
Sustainable Agriculture Practices as a Driver for Increased Harvested Cropland among Large‐Scale Growers in Arizona: A Paradox for Small‐Scale Growers
Authors: Mpanga Isaac K. , Neumann Gunter , Schuch Ursula K. , Schalau Jeff 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExtreme climate variability is a major factor threatening crop production in Arizona State. However, limited information exists on how growers are adapting with land‐use practices. Using data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Agricultural Census (2012 and 2017) of the US Department of Agriculture, this study investigates trends of land‐use practices among small‐ and large‐scale growers and their possible effects on harvested cropland. From 2012 to 2017, there are reductions in total farmlands (−0.5%) and vegetable production lands (−4%) with varying temperatures, precipitation, and drought severity index. However, harvested crop‐ and vegetable land increased by 3% and 11%, respectively, which was mainly influenced by large‐scale growers. This coincided with an increase in sustainable land‐use practices such as conservation agriculture no‐till (103%), reduced tillage (71%), and cover cropping (123%) which are most popular among large‐scale growers. Manure application also increased by 30%. However, there were reductions in other practices such as intensive tillage (−9%), use of commercial fertilizers (−0.2%), nematicides (−63%), and chemical diseases control (−16%). Unfortunately, non‐sustainable practices (irrigation, insecticide, and herbicide application increased by 27%, 39%, and 10%, respectively. This study reveals potential benefits of sustainable agricultural practices in Arizona and a need for increased adoption among small‐acreage growers.
Highly Efficient 2D NIR‐II Photothermal Agent with Fenton Catalytic Activity for Cancer Synergistic Photothermal–Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Qiuhong , Guo Qiangbing , Chen Qian , Zhao Xiaoxu , Pennycook Stephen J. , Chen Hangrong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a promising cancer therapeutic modality with high therapeutic specificity, however, its therapeutic effectiveness is limited by available high‐efficiency photothermal agents (PTAs), especially in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) biowindow. Here, based on facile liquid‐exfoliated FePS3 nanosheets, a highly efficient NIR‐II PTA with its photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 43.3% is demonstrated, which is among the highest reported levels in typical PTAs. More importantly, such Fe‐based 2D nanosheets also show superior Fenton catalytic activity facilitated by their ultrahigh specific surface area, simultaneously enabling cancer chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Impressively, the efficiency of CDT could be further remarkably enhanced by its photothermal effect, leading to cancer synergistic PTT/CDT. Both in vitro and in vivo studies reveal a highly efficient tumor ablation under NIR‐II light irradiation. This work provides a paradigm for cancer CDT and PTT in the NIR‐II biowindow via a single 2D nanoplatform with desired therapeutic effect. Furthermore, with additional possibilities for magnetic resonance imaging, photoacoustic tomography, as well as drug loading, this Fe‐based 2D material could potentially serve as a 2D “all‐in‐one” theranostic nanoplatform.
Strategies for Improving the Stability of Tin‐Based Perovskite (ASnX3) Solar Cells
Authors: Yao Huanhuan , Zhou Faguang , Li Zhizai , Ci Zhipeng , Ding Liming , Jin Zhiwen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough lead‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are highly efficient, the toxicity of lead (Pb) limits its large‐scale commercialization. As such, there is an urgent need to find alternatives. Many studies have examined tin‐based PSCs. However, pure tin‐based perovskites are easily oxidized in the air or just in glovebox with an ultrasmall amount of oxygen. Such a characteristic makes their performance and stability less ideal compared with those of lead‐based perovskites. Herein, how to address the instability of tin‐based perovskites is introduced in detail. First, the crystalline structure, optical properties, and sources of instability of tin‐based perovskites are summarized. Next, the preparation methods of tin‐based perovskite are discussed. Then, various measures for solving the instability problem are explained using four strategies: additive engineering, deoxidizer, partial substitution, and reduced dimensions. Finally, the challenges and prospects are laid out to help researchers develop highly efficient and stable tin‐based perovskites in the future.
Coordination Engineering of Single‐Crystal Precursor for Phase Control in Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Qin Yuan , Zhong Hongjie , Intemann Jeremy J. , Leng Shifeng , Cui Minghuan , Qin Chaochao , Xiong Min , Liu Feng , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Yao Kai 
Published: February 2020

Abstract2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (RPPs) have recently drawn significant attention because of their structural variability that can be used to tailor optoelectronic properties and improve the stability of derived photovoltaic devices. However, charge separation and transport in 2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from quantum well barriers formed during the processing of perovskites. It is extremely difficult to manage phase distributions in 2D perovskites made from the stoichiometric mixtures of precursor solutions. Herein, a generally applicable guideline is demonstrated for precisely controlling phase purity and arrangement in RPP films. By visually presenting the critical colloidal formation of the single‐crystal precursor solution, coordination engineering is conducted with a rationally selected cosolvent to tune the colloidal properties. In nonpolar cosolvent media, the derived colloidal template enables RPP crystals to preferentially grow along the vertically ordered alignment with a narrow phase variation around a target value, resulting in efficient charge transport and extraction. As a result, a record‐high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.68% is demonstrated for a (TEA)2(MA)2Pb3I10 (n = 3) photovoltaic device with negligible hysteresis. Remarkably, superior stability is achieved with 93% retainment of the initial efficiency after 500 h of unencapsulated operation in ambient air conditions.
Isolated spontaneous superior mesenteric artery dissection: A rare cause of unexplained abdominal pain
Authors: Chang Hung‐Chuen , Wu Chin‐Chu , Chen Yen‐Yang , Yang Kuo‐Ching 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIsolated spontaneous superior mesenteric artery dissection is a rare disease. The natural history of this rare vascular disease is not well established. Herein, we report the case of a 41‐year‐old male presented with intermittent epigastric pain. A computed tomography scan showed a proximal superior mesenteric artery dissection with jejunal branches involvement. The symptom was improved after prostaglandin E1 therapy. A follow‐up of abdominal computed tomography showed stationary lesion of superior mesenteric artery. Gastroenterologists should recognize and pay attention to this rare cause of unexplained abdominal pain. Management of isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection is varied on the clinical presentation. Conservative treatment may be the first choice for the patients without evidence of bowel ischemia.