bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health of healthcare professionals during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia
Authors: Yitayih Yimenu , Mekonen Seblework , Zeynudin Ahmed , Mengistie Embialle , Ambelu Argaw 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic causes healthcare professionals to suffer mental health problems such as psychological distress, anxiety, depression, denial and fear. However, studies are lacking related to Ethiopia and to Africa in general.AimsTo study the mental health of healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia.MethodA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Jimma University Medical Center among 249 healthcare professionals. The data were collected using self-administered questionnaires between 22 and 28 March 2020. The psychological impact was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R) and symptoms of insomnia were measured using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Social support was evaluated using the three-item Oslo Social Support Scale. Data were analysed using logistic regression to examine mutually adjusted associations, expressed as adjusted odds ratios. The psychosocial status of the healthcare professionals was predicted using a classification tree model supported by the genetic search method.ResultsThe prevalence of psychological distress among healthcare professionals was 78.3%. The mean IES-R score was 34.2 (s.d. = 19.4). The ISI score indicated that the prevalence of insomnia was 50.2%. Higher psychological distress was associated with younger age, having insomnia, not having a daily update on COVID-19, and feeling stigmatised and rejected in the neighbourhood because of hospital work.ConclusionsThis study indicates that, in Ethiopia, the prevalence of psychological distress among healthcare professionals is high and associated with specific sociodemographic risks.
Catalytic Enantioselective Proton Transfer Reactions
Authors: Cao Jin , Zhu Shou-Fei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnantioselective proton transfer refers to the process of enantioselective introduction of protons to carbanions through the recognition of prochiral faces. Enantioselective proton transfer can easily construct tertiary carbon stereocenters, which widely exist in natural products and bioactive compounds. However, catalytic enantioselective proton transfer has been a long-lasting challenge in asymmetric synthesis because the proton is the smallest ion and the proton transfer process of active intermediates is generally fast with complicated pathways and strong background reaction. In recent years, a series of new catalysts and catalytic strategies have been developed for stereocontrol of proton transfer processes in various organic reactions. At the same time, more in-depth mechanism studies have revealed detailed information and regulations of proton transfer in catalytic reactions. This paper reviews the recent progress on catalytic enantioselective proton transfer reactions according reaction types. At the end of this paper, the stereocontrol strategies of catalytic proton transfer are classified and the prospects of this field are also presented.
Smart bracelet to assess physical activity after cardiac surgery: A prospective study
Authors: Hauguel-Moreau Marie , Naudin Cécile , N’Guyen Lee , Squara Pierre , Rosencher Julien , Makowski Serge , Beverelli Fabrice 
Published: December 2020

Objectives
Little is known about the physical activity of patients after cardiac surgery. This study was designed to assess this activity using a connected bracelet.

Methods
In this prospective, monocentric study, patients scheduled for cardiac surgery were offered to wear an electronic bracelet. The main objective was to measure the physical activity recovery. Secondary objectives were the predictors of the correct use of the monitoring system, of the physical recovery and, if any, the relationship between physical activity and out-of-hospital morbidity.

Results
One hundred patients were included. Most patients (86%) were interested in participating in the study. The compliance to the device and to the study protocol was good (94%). At discharge, the mean number of daily steps was 1454 ± 145 steps, increasing quite homogeneously, reaching 5801±1151 steps at Day 60. The best fit regression curve gave a maximum number of steps at 5897±119 (r2 = 0.97). The 85% level of activity was achieved at Day 30±3. No predictor of noncompliance was found. At discharge, age was independently associated with a lower number of daily steps (p <0.001). At Day 60, age, peripheral arterial disease and cardio-pulmonary bypass duration were independently associated with a lower number of daily steps (p = 0.039, p = 0.041 and p = 0.033, respectively).

Conclusions
After cardiac surgery, wearing a smart bracelet recording daily steps is simple, well tolerated and suitable for measuring physical activity. Standard patients achieved around 6000 daily steps 2 months after discharge. 85% of this activity is reached in the first month.

Clinical trial registry number
NCT03113565
The crystal structure of mouse IRG1 suggests that cis-aconitate decarboxylase has an open and closed conformation
Authors: Chun Hye Lin , Lee So Yeon , Kim Ki-Hwa , Lee Chang Sup , Oh Tae-Jin , Park Hyun Ho 
Published: December 2020

Itaconate, produced as an offshoot of the TCA cycle, is a multifunctional immunometabolite possessing antibacterial, antiviral, immune regulation, and tumor progression activities. The production of itaconate in biological systems is catalyzed by cis-aconitate decarboxylase (CAD, also known as immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1) in mammals). In this study, we solved the structure of IRG1 from Mus musculus (mouse IRG1). Structural comparison analysis revealed that IRG1 can exist in either an open or closed conformation and that this is controlled by the A1 loop located proximal to the active site. Our closed form structure was maintained by an unidentified molecule in the active site, which might mimic its substrate.

Protein Data Bank accession codes
Coordinate and structural factors were deposited with the Protein Data Bank under PDB ID: 7BR9.
Quality of acute internal medicine: A patient-centered approach. Validation and usage of the Patient Reported Measure-acute care in the Netherlands
Authors: Kremers Marjolein N. T. , Mols Elsemieke E. M. , Simons Yvonne A. E. , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Holleman Frits , Nanayakkara Prabath W. B. , Haak Harm R. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundProviding high quality care is important and has gained more attention since the introduction of value-based healthcare. Value should be measured by outcomes achieved, relevant for patients. Patient-centeredness is one domain for quality improvement determined by the Institute of Medicine, aiming to deliver care responsive to the patient. The development and implementation of patient reported outcome- and experience measures can be used for this goal. Recently, we developed the Patient Reported Measure (PRM)-acute care, based on five relevant domains to evaluate and improve the quality of care in the Emergency Department (ED).ObjectiveTo validate the PRM-acute care, in order to evaluate and improve patient-centered care in the ED.MethodsWe performed a prospective questionnaire-based study. Patients ≥18 years presenting for internal medicine in the ED were eligible. The validity of the PRM-acute care was evaluated according to the COSMIN-criteria. We performed hypotheses testing to evaluate construct validity. The perceived quality of care was evaluated by statistical analysis.ResultsFace- and content validity was evaluated based on previously performed research and deemed good. Construct validity was supported by demonstrated differences between subgroups; patients with severe symptoms had a higher perceived quality of care. The correlation between overall satisfaction and the total mean score of the PRM-acute care (r = 0,447, p = 0.01) was significant. Overall, patients reported a mean perceived quality of care of 4.67/6.0.ConclusionThe PRM-acute care is a valid instrument to measure the perceived quality of care in an acute setting for internal medicine patients. Additionally, patients reported a good perceived quality of care in the ED with scores ranging from moderate to well for each of the relevant domains. Therefore, we believe that the PRM-acute care can be implemented in daily practice to evaluate the perceived quality of care and to improve the quality of acute care.
A systematic review of interventions for reducing heavy episodic drinking in sub-Saharan African settings
Authors: Sileo Katelyn M. , Miller Amanda P. , Huynh Tina A. , Kiene Susan M. 
Published: December 2020

Objective
Assess the effect of non-pharmacological alcohol interventions on reducing heavy episodic drinking (HED) outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
A systematic review of the available literature through August 19, 2020 was conducted. Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials testing non-pharmacological interventions on alcohol consumption in sub-Saharan Africa were eligible for inclusion. Eligible outcomes included measures of HED/binge drinking, and measures indicative of this pattern of drinking, such as high blood alcohol concentration or frequency of intoxication. Three authors extracted and reconciled relevant data and assessed risk of bias. The review protocol is available on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42019094509). The Cochrane Handbook recommendations for the review of interventions and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines guided all methodology.

Results
Thirteen intervention trials were identified that met our inclusion criteria and measured change in HED. Studies were judged of moderate quality. A beneficial effect of non-pharmacological interventions on HED was reported in six studies, three of which were deemed clinically significant by the review authors; no statistically significant effects were identified in the other seven studies. Interventions achieving statistical and/or clinical significance had an intervention dose of two hours or greater, used an array of psychosocial approaches, including Motivational Interviewing integrated in Brief Intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy and integrated risk reduction interventions, and were delivered both individually and in groups.

Conclusions
Evidence for the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce HED in sub-Saharan African settings was limited, demonstrating the need for more research. To strengthen the literature, future research should employ more rigorous study designs, improve consistency of HED measurement, test interventions developed specifically to address HED, and explore structural approaches to HED reduction.
Determinants of births protected against neonatal tetanus in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis using EDHS 2016 data
Authors: Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundEven though there is low coverage of maternal health services such as antenatal care and skilled birth attendant delivery as well as poor sanitary practice during delivery in Ethiopia, the proportion of births protected by the tetanus vaccine is low. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the determinants of births protected against neonatal tetanus in Ethiopia.ObjectiveTo assess the determinants of births protected against neonatal tetanus in Ethiopia.MethodThe study was based on secondary data analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data. A weighted sample of 7590 women who gave birth within five years preceding the survey was used for analysis. We conducted a multilevel analysis, due to the hierarchical nature of the data. Variables with p-value <0.05 in the multivariable analysis were declared to be significantly associated with having births protected against neonatal tetanus.ResultIn this study, mothers with primary education [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.23; 95%CI: 1.04, 1.44] and secondary and above education [AOR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.06, 1.73], media exposure [AOR = 1.35; 95%CI: 1.15, 1.58], not perceiving distance from the health facility as a big problem [AOR = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.08,1.42], one antenatal care (ANC) visit [AOR = 1.56; 95%CI: 2.71, 4.68], two to three ANC visit [AOR = 11.82; 95%CI: 9.94,14.06], and four and more ANC visit [AOR = 15.25; 95%CI: 12.74, 18.26], being in Amhara [AOR = 0.59; 95%CI: 0.38,0.92], Afar [AO = 0.41; 95%CI: 0.25,0.66], and Harari [AOR = 1.88; 95%CI: 1.15,3.07] regions, being in communities with higher level of women education [AOR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.03,1.52], and higher level of media exposure [AOR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.01,1.48] were significant predictors of having a protected birth against neonatal tetanus.ConclusionIn this study, both individual level and community level factors were associated with having protected birth against neonatal tetanus. Therefore, strengthening maternal health services such as ANC visits and interventions related to increasing media campaigns regarding tetanus could increase the immunization against tetanus among reproductive-age women. In addition, it is also better to give attention to those reproductive age group women from remote areas and also better to distribute maternal services fairly and equally between regions.
Effect of IRT5 probiotics on dry eye in the experimental dry eye mouse model
Authors: Moon Jayoon , Ryu Jin Suk , Kim Jun Yeop , Im Sin-Hyeog , Kim Mee Kum 
Published: December 2020

Objective
To investigate the clinical effects of IRT5 probiotics in the environmental dry eye model.

Methods
Eight week old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups; control group (n = 16) received oral gavage of 300 μL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) alone once daily, IRT5 group (n = 9) received oral gavage of 1 x 109 CFU IRT5 probiotics powder in 300 μL PBS once daily, both groups for 11 to 12 days. Simultaneously, all mice underwent dry eye induction. Tear secretion, corneal staining and conjunctival goblet cell density were evaluated. Quantative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for inflammation-related markers was performed. 16S ribosomal RNA of fecal microbiome was analyzed and compositional difference, alpha and beta diversities were assessed.

Results
There was no difference in NEI score but significant increase in tear secretion was observed in IRT5 group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in goblet cell density between groups. Quantative RT-PCR of cornea and conjunctiva revealed increased TNF-α expression in IRT5 group (p < 0.001) whereas other markers did not significantly differ from control. IRT5 group had significantly increased species diversity by Shannon index (p = 0.041). Beta diversity of genus by UniFrac principle coordinates analysis showed significant distance between groups (p = 0.001). Compositional differences between groups were observed and some were significantly associated with tear secretion. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed Christensenellaceae (p = 0.009), Lactobacillus Helveticus group (p = 0.002) and PAC001797_s (p = 0.011) to strongly influence tear secretion.

Conclusion
In experimental dry eye model, IRT5 probiotics treatment partially improves experimental dry eye by increasing tear secretion which was associated with and influenced by the change in intestinal microbiome. Also, intestinal microbiome may affect the lacrimal gland through a different mechanism other than regulating inflammation.
Nociones, consideraciones y ventajas de la inteligencia de negocios BI
Authors: Zamora Carrillo Hans , Novoa Torres Norberto , Bermúdez Huérfano Davián Ricardo 
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo de revisión aborda y presenta una serie de definiciones, aclaraciones y conceptos claves encaminado a una metodología de implementación de las técnicas y/o herramientas tecnológicas necesarias para una solución de inteligencia de negocios aplicada a un entorno u ámbito empresarial, con el fin de optimizar así todos los procesos, análisis y de toma de decisiones de las compañías, generando valor competitivo y evitando que las mismas se vean rezagadas en la dinámica mercantil actual, haciendo uso de los datos e información de su propia operación o del entorno.
THE EFFICIENCY OF SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum) FARMS USING THE DEA (DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS) APPROACH IN PURWOREJO REGENCY
Authors: Setyaningrum Widyadhari Febriani , Ekowati Titik , Kristanto Budi Adi 
Published: December 2020

The research was purposed to know the technical efficiency level of sugarcane farming in Purworejo regency. The research method used DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) with the input-oriented assumption to measure the efficiency score from each observed farming. The result of the research showed most of the sugarcane farming in Purworejo regency was categorized as inefficient. According to DEA-CRS calculation, there were 11 sugarcane farming 19,3 %) who have operated efficiently and 46 sugarcane farming (80,7%) have not operated efficiently yet (inefficient). The efficiency calculation using Variable Return To Scale (VRS) assumption resulted in an average efficiency value of 0.937. Efficiency was reached by 21 people (36.84%) while the other 36 people (63.16%) still have not reached efficiency yet.
An application of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in a university teaching hospital
Authors: Miranda Mariana Izelli , Barbosa Danilo Hisano , Cotrim Syntia Lemos 
Published: December 2020

Supplier’s management plays an important role in cost and quality performance of purchasing companies. This important role has provided the growth of studies on the application of multi-criteria analysis method in manufacturing companies, although, with less impact on the services sector, mainly in the healthcare sector. For that reason, this research aimed to show the results of Fuzzy AHP multi-criteria analysis method application in a university teaching hospital, with the purpose of improving the operation and internal management of pharmacy suppliers. Among the main results and contributions of the research, it is an elaborated description of each step of the method, followed by contextualization of the sector, revealing the application of fuzzy inference in the analysis of variables mostly qualitative in this specific sector. The findings of this study can provide the managers with valuable insights into the dimensions that reflect decision making when choosing suppliers in the setting of a university teaching hospital. By knowing these criteria, hospitals can increase their quality of service by selecting the best supply options for medical and hospital supplies, providing better service to patients.
Unexpected Role of Physiological Estrogen in Acute Stress-Induced Memory Deficits
Authors: Hokenson Rachael E. , Short Annabel K. , Chen Yuncai , Pham Aidan L. , Adams Emily T. , Bolton Jessica L. , Swarup Vivek , Gall Christine M. , Baram Tallie Z. 
Published: December 2020

Stress may promote emotional and cognitive disturbances, which differ by sex. Adverse outcomes, including memory disturbances, are typically observed following chronic stress, but are now being recognized also after short events, including mass shootings, assault, or natural disasters, events that consist of concurrent multiple acute stresses (MAS). Prior work has established profound and enduring effects of MAS on memory in males. Here we examined the effects of MAS on female mice and probed the role of hormonal fluctuations during the estrous cycle on MAS-induced memory problems and the underlying brain network and cellular mechanisms. Female mice were impacted by MAS in an estrous cycle-dependent manner: MAS impaired hippocampus-dependent spatial memory in early-proestrous mice, characterized by high levels of estradiol, whereas memory of mice stressed during estrus (low estradiol) was spared. As spatial memory requires an intact dorsal hippocampal CA1, we examined synaptic integrity in mice stressed at different cycle phases and found a congruence of dendritic spine density and spatial memory deficits, with reduced spine density only in mice stressed during high estradiol cycle phases. Assessing MAS-induced activation of brain networks interconnected with hippocampus, we identified differential estrous cycle-dependent activation of memory- and stress-related regions, including the amygdala. Network analyses of the cross-correlation offosexpression among these regions uncovered functional connectivity that differentiated impaired mice from those not impaired by MAS. In conclusion, the estrous cycle modulates the impact of MAS on spatial memory, and fluctuating physiological levels of sex hormones may contribute to this effect.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:Effects of stress on brain functions, including memory, are profound and sex-dependent. Acute stressors occurring simultaneously result in spatial memory impairments in males, but effects on females are unknown. Here we identified estrous cycle-dependent effects of such stresses on memory in females. Surprisingly, females with higher physiological estradiol experienced stress-induced memory impairment and a loss of underlying synapses. Memory- and stress-responsive brain regions interconnected with hippocampus were differentially activated across high and low estradiol mice, and predicted memory impairment. Thus, at functional, network, and cellular levels, physiological estradiol influences the effects of stress on memory in females, providing insight into mechanisms of prominent sex differences in stress-related memory disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder.
High-Frequency Neuronal Bursting is Essential for Circadian and Sleep Behaviors inDrosophila
Authors: Fernandez-Chiappe Florencia , Frenkel Lia , Colque Carina Celeste , Ricciuti Ana , Hahm Bryan , Cerredo Karina , Muraro Nara Inés , Ceriani María Fernanda 
Published: December 2020

Circadian rhythms have been extensively studied inDrosophila; however, still little is known about how the electrical properties of clock neurons are specified. We have performed a behavioral genetic screen through the downregulation of candidate ion channels in the lateral ventral neurons (LNvs) and show that the hyperpolarization-activated cation current Ihis important for the behaviors that the LNvs influence: temporal organization of locomotor activity, analyzed in males, and sleep, analyzed in females. Using whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology we demonstrate that small LNvs (sLNvs) are bursting neurons, and that Ihis necessary to achieve the high-frequency bursting firing pattern characteristic of both types of LNvs in females. Since firing in bursts has been associated to neuropeptide release, we hypothesized that Ihwould be important for LNvs communication. Indeed, herein we demonstrate that Ihis fundamental for the recruitment of pigment dispersing factor (PDF) filled dense core vesicles (DCVs) to the terminals at the dorsal protocerebrum and for their timed release, and hence for the temporal coordination of circadian behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIon channels are transmembrane proteins with selective permeability to specific charged particles. The rich repertoire of parameters that may gate their opening state, such as voltage-sensitivity, modulation by second messengers and specific kinetics, make this protein family a determinant of neuronal identity. Ion channel structure is evolutionary conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates, making any discovery easily translatable. Through a screen to uncover ion channels with roles in circadian rhythms, we have identified the Ihchannel as an important player in a subset of clock neurons of the fruit fly. We show that lateral ventral neurons (LNvs) need Ihto fire action potentials in a high-frequency bursting mode and that this is important for peptide transport and the control of behavior.