bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of the Impact of COVID-19 on Oncologists’ Decision Making in Cancer
Authors: Ürün Yüksel , Hussain Syed A. , Bakouny Ziad , Castellano Daniel , Kılıçkap Saadettin , Morgan Gilberto , Mckay Rana R. , Pels Kevin , Schmidt Andrew , Doroshow Deborah B. , Schütz Fábio , Albiges Laurence , Lopes Gilberto , Catto James W. F. , Peters Solange , Choueiri Toni K. 
Published: August 2020

PURPOSETo understand readiness measures taken by oncologists to protect patients and health care workers from the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and how their clinical decision making was influenced by the pandemic.METHODSAn online survey was conducted between March 24 and April 29, 2020.RESULTSA total of 343 oncologists from 28 countries participated. The median age was 43 years (range, 29-68 years), and the majority were male (62%). At the time of the survey, nearly all participants self-reported an outbreak in their country (99.7%). Personal protective equipment was available to all participants, of which surgical mask was the most common (n = 308; 90%). Telemedicine, in the form of phone or video encounters, was common and implemented by 80% (n = 273). Testing patients with cancer for COVID-19 via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction before systemic treatment was not routinely implemented: 58% reported no routine testing, 39% performed testing in selected patients, and 3% performed systematic testing in all patients. The most significant factors influencing an oncologist’s decision making regarding choice of systemic therapy included patient age and comorbidities (81% and 92%, respectively). Although hormonal treatments and tyrosine kinase inhibitors were considered to be relatively safe, cytotoxic chemotherapy and immune therapies were perceived as being less safe or unsafe by participants. The vast majority of participants stated that during the pandemic they would use less chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and steroids. Although treatment in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and first-line metastatic disease was less affected, most of the participants stated that they would be more hesitant to recommend second- or third-line therapies in metastatic disease.CONCLUSIONDecision making by oncologists has been significantly influenced by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Study on Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Kojima Takahiko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this award account are described our achievements in proton-coupled electron transfer reactions performed by transition metal complexes. Topics include formation and reactivity of RuIV-oxo and RuIII-oxyl complexes, and hydrogen-atom transfer from substrates to RuIII-pterin complexes. Based on kinetic analysis of the reactions, mechanistic insights into those reactions are gained to shed light on the reactivity of metal complexes as hydrogen-atom acceptors. In addition, we present our efforts in artificial photosynthesis concerning efficient and photocatalytic water oxidation by a dinuclear CoIII complex as well as selective CO2 reduction by NiII complexes.
Description of the MRI and ultrasound imaging features of giant epidermal cysts
Authors: Pressney Ian , Khoo Michael , Hargunani Rikin , Saifuddin Asif 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
Guidelines suggest that lesions over 5 cm in dimension should be referred to a specialist sarcoma centre due to the possibility of malignancy. Few epidermal cysts (ECs) reach or exceed this size and are termed giant ECs (GECs). The purpose of this study is to report on a large series of GECs.

Methods:
Retrospective review of histologically proven GECs over an 8-year period. Patient demographics with MRI and ultrasound (US) appearances were evaluated.

Results:
A total of 14 cases were included with eight males and six females. Mean age was 51 years. 11 lesions were oval and three bi-lobed in shape, while 12 demonstrated dermal apposition. All were hyperintense on water-sensitive sequences and isointense to slightly hypointense on T1W imaging. Internal clefts were seen in 13 cases and 11 demonstrated chemical shift artefact (CSA) on MRI. On US, 12 showed well-defined linear hypoechoic clefts, with 66.6% having dis-organised compared with 33.3% peripherally located clefts. One ‘pseudo testis’ pattern and one showing irregular striped echogenicity termed novel ‘pseudo muscle’ appearance. No cases demonstrated internal vascularity on Doppler US.

Conclusions:
MRI signal findings of GECs are often characteristic with hyperintensity on water-sensitive sequences, dermal apposition, CSA and internal clefts while US features of disorganised or clumped hypoechoic clefts and absence of neovascularity were commonly seen. Recognition of combinations of both US and MRI features of GECs should reduce the requirement for pre-excisional needle biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.

Advances in knowledge:
1. Identification of common imaging features of GECs should avoid unnecessary pre-excisional biopsy despite their large size in the appropriate MDT setting.
2. A novel ‘pseudo-muscle’ appearance is described on MRI and US.
Creating Social Contagion Through Firm-Mediated Message Design: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment
Authors: Sun Tianshu , Viswanathan Siva , Zheleva Elena 
Published: August 2020

We study whether and how a firm can enhance social contagion simply by varying the message shared by customers with their friends. We focus on two key components of information contained in the message—information about the sender’s purchase status prior to referral and information about the existence of referral rewards—and their impacts on the recipient’s purchase decision and further referral behavior. In collaboration with an online daily-deal platform, we design and conduct a large-scale randomized field experiment involving more than 75,000 customers to identify the causal effect of different message designs on creating social contagion. We find that small variations in message content can have a significant impact on both recipients’ purchase and referral behaviors. Specifically, we find that (1) adding only information about the sender’s purchase status increases the likelihood of the recipient’s purchase but has no impact on follow-up referrals, (2) adding only information about referral reward increases the recipient’s follow-up referrals but has no impact on purchase likelihood, and (3) adding information about both the sender’s purchase and the referral rewards increases neither the likelihood of purchase nor follow-up referrals. We build a model to analyze the tradeoff between more adoption and more diffusion and implement the best-performing message design in a production system with millions of shared messages per year (with a projected increase in net profits of more than US$1 million per year). We further exploit the rich heterogeneity in deal, recipient, sender, and social-tie characteristics and examine the mechanisms underlying the effect of message design. The results suggest that both social learning and social utility are at work, and the attenuation in the recipient’s purchase is mainly driven by a decrease in social learning resulting from credibility concerns. The findings of the study provide actionable guidelines to firms for optimal design of messages at the aggregate and more granular levels. This paper was accepted by Anandhi Bharadwaj, information systems.
Asset Volatility and Capital Structure: Evidence from Corporate Mergers
Authors: Levine Oliver , Wu Youchang 
Published: August 2020

We exploit cross-sectional variation in the predictable changes in asset volatility following corporate acquisitions to identify the effect of business risk on capital structure. We find that postmerger changes in leverage and cash holdings are strongly predicted by expected asset volatility changes estimated using premerger information. These capital structure adjustments are partly achieved through the choice of payment method. Our findings provide direct evidence for the coinsurance effect of mergers on debt capacity. More broadly, they suggest that firm risk is a first-order determinant of leverage, consistent with the tradeoff theory of capital structure. Our coefficient estimates imply that a one-standard deviation decline in a firm’s asset volatility corresponds to a 7.5-percentage point increase in leverage. This paper was accepted by Renee Adams, finance.
Monitoring cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with severe mental illness in an inpatient mental health setting: a secondary data analysis
Authors: Mwebe Herbert P , Volante Margaret , Weaver Tim 
Published: August 2020

Background/Aims Life expectancy in people with lived experience of mental health conditions is reduced by up to 25 years; this is from preventable physical medical comorbidities and multi-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancers and smoking-related lung disease. Two-thirds of these deaths are avoidable if people with severe mental illness are offered prompt physical screening checks and monitoring. The aim of this article was to explore barriers to the management of cardiovascular disease risk on inpatient wards and make recommendations in relation to cardiovascular disease risk management in people with severe mental illness. Methods A structured MS Excel extraction data tool informed by best practice guidance was developed and used to extract electronic patient data on screening and monitoring of cardiovascular disease risk factors (blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, lipids, body mass index/weight, blood glucose level) across 10 inpatient psychiatric wards within one London mental health trust. A target sample of 245 electronic records of patients with severe mental illness discharged between 25 August 2018 and 13 February 2019 with length of inpatient stay >40 days was examined. Simple random sampling (MS Excel random number generator) was used to select a final sample of 120 electronic records. All the included samples had been prescribed psychotropic medication. Results Regarding patient demographics, there was an inverse correlation with age, with a greater proportion of inpatients being of a younger age: 51% aged 18–39 years compared with 14% aged 60–79 years. The study found an average of 71% compliance of the documentation of data on all individual parameters (smoking, alcohol, body mass index, blood pressure, serum glucose, serum lipids, electrocardiogram) at baseline. Results showed an average of 79% compliance for monitoring review at least once across the parameters within 3 months of admission. Conclusions It is recommended as a minimum for individuals with severe mental illness under the care of mental health services and/or taking psychotropic medication to have regular cardiometabolic risk assessment and management of risk at the point of entry into services and a review for weight, waist circumference, blood glucose checks, lipid profile, blood pressure, lifestyle choice behaviours and personal assessment of cardiovascular disease. Although progress is being made across provider services to implement the above, gaps in practice are still evident, as demonstrated in these findings.
Noise-sideband-free and narrow-linewidth photonic microwave generation based on anoptical heterodyne technique of low-noise fiber lasers
Authors: Zhang Zhitao , Zhao Qilai , Yang Changsheng , Guan Xianchao , Tan Tianyi , Wang Yafei , Zhou Kaijun , Feng Zhouming , Yang Zhongmin , Xu Shanhui 
Published: August 2020

Noise-sideband-free and narrow-linewidth photonic microwave generation based on an optical heterodyne technique is demonstrated experimentally. By beating a self-injection-locking low-noise single-frequency fiber laser and a Brillouin fiber laser, a 9.4 GHz microwave is produced, and its noise sidebands are completely suppressed. Additionally, the signal-to-noise ratio of the microwave signal is improved by 15 dB from 40 to 55 dB, and the linewidth is compressed from 1.6 to 0.53 kHz. The high-performance photonic microwave based on low-noise fiber lasers is a promising candidate in further applications such as wireless network, lidar, and satellite communication.
Measuring the shape of microbends in optical fibers
Authors: Ahmad Raja , Ko Wing , Feder Kenneth S. , Westbrook Paul S. 
Published: August 2020

We report on the distributed shape measurement of small deformations produced along the length of an optical fiber. The fiber contains multiple waveguiding cores, each inscribed with weak continuous Bragg gratings. The distributed Bragg-reflectivity data for the fiber cores, obtained from the optical backscatter reflectometry, are used to estimate the local curvature and the position of the fiber. We successfully demonstrate the sensing of periodic microdeformations—approximately 1 µm or less in amplitude and a few hundred µm in length. Such microbends are known to cause attenuation in optical fibers, and the approach presented here can enable a detailed measurement of these microbends in applications ranging from telecommunications cable design to biotechnology, robotics, manufacturing, aerospace, and security.
Optical-spatial-summing-based NOMA with fine-grained power allocation for VLC-enabled IoT applications
Authors: Hu Chao , Chen Chen , Guo Min , Yang Yanbing , Luo Jun , Chen Liangyin 
Published: August 2020

In this Letter, we propose and demonstrate a practical optical-spatial-summing-based non-orthogonal multiple access (OSS-NOMA) technique for visible light communication (VLC) systems. This technique is innovative in adopting OSS in that the transmitter of OSS-NOMA VLC can be built upon commercial illuminating light emitting diodes (LEDs), free of LEDs’ harmful nonlinearity. Unlike conventional NOMA VLC using analog components such as digital-to-analog converters and bias-T in the transmitter side, OSS-NOMA exploits only digital control signals to drive a LED array in forming optical power superposition for NOMA signals. We demonstrate that by simply switching different amounts of LED chips on or off, the proposed OSS-NOMA transmitter can deliver a fine-grained power allocation ratio ranging from 0.01 to one for two users. The implemented OSS-NOMA VLC prototype leveraging commercial components can achieve low bit error rates of

≤

3.1
×

10

−
3

for two users at a data rate of 800 kbps, confirming the promising potential of this novel OSS-NOMA VLC for Internet of Things (IoT) applications.
Collagenous Gastritis in Children: Incidence, Disease Course, and Associations With Autoimmunity and Inflammatory Markers
Authors: Käppi Timo , Wanders Alkwin , Wolving Mats , Lingblom Christine , Davidsson Bården Birgitta , Arkel Rikard , Hätting Josefine , Anderzén Johan , Wennerås Christine , Saalman Robert 
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Collagenous gastritis (CG), a rare disorder of unknown etiology, has been postulated to have immune-mediated mechanisms. We investigated (i) the incidence and prevalence of CG in a pediatric population; (ii) the clinical, endoscopic, and histologic characteristics of childhood-onset CG; and (iii) the evidence for autoimmunity and/or inflammatory activity in these patients.

METHODS:
Clinical, endoscopic, and histologic data were reviewed longitudinally in a population-based Swedish cohort of 15 patients with childhood-onset CG diagnosed in the period 2008–2019. A set of 11 autoantibodies, 4 blood inflammatory biomarkers, and the human leukocyte antigen DQ2/DQ8 genotype was analyzed cross-sectionally.

RESULTS:
The incidence rate of childhood-onset CG was 0.25/100,000 person-years, with an incidence rate ratio of girls to boys of 4.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.2–15). The prevalence of CG was 2.1/100,000 in children aged younger than 18 years. The endoscopic and histologic findings remained pathologic in all the examined patients during a median follow-up of 4.4 years. Many patients had heredity for autoimmune disorders (47%) and/or tested positive for autoantibodies (40%) or human leukocyte antigen DQ2/DQ8 (53%). No associated autoimmune comorbidities were observed. The serum levels of calprotectin and amyloid A were increased in 10/15 (67%) and 5/15 (33%) of the patients, respectively, whereas plasma C-reactive protein levels were normal in all, but 1 patient.

DISCUSSION:
The results indicate that childhood-onset CG is rare and has a chronic disease course. Although signs of autoimmune predisposition are frequent, early development of autoimmune comorbidities seems seldom. Serum calprotectin and amyloid A represent novel candidate biomarkers of inflammatory activity in CG (see Visual Abstract, Supplementary Digital Content 4, http://links.lww.com/CTG/A349).
The combined effect of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes on the risk of developing multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kozin M. S. , Kiselev I. S. , Boyko A. N. , Kulakova O. G. , Favorova O. O. 
Published: August 2020

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe chronic CNS disease characterized by autoimmune inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. The interaction of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes is shown to be important in the formation of a predisposition to many diseases.Objective: to analyze the association of MS with the carriage of biallelic combinations, including as components the polymorphisms of three genes of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and those of 16 nuclear genes, the products of which are involved in the functioning of the immune system and may participate in the development of autoimmune inflammation in MS; and, if these combinations are identified, to determine the nature of an interaction between their components. Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 540 MS patients and 406 control group individuals; all were Russians. The mitochondrial genome was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. APSampler software was used for multilocus association analysis. Results and discussion. The investigators identified five biallelic combinations that were associated with MS (p=0.0036–0.022) and possessed protective properties (odds ratio (OR) 0.67–0.75). The mitochondrial component of the identified combinations was the polymorphisms m.4580 (rs28357975), m.13368 (rs3899498), and m.13708 (rs28359178) mtDNA; the nuclear component was CXCR5 (rs523604), TNFRSF1A (rs1800693), and CD86 (rs2255214) gene polymorphisms. The interaction between the components of the identified combinations was additive. Conclusion. The data obtained in the Russian population suggest that the combined contribution of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes may affect the risk of developing MS.
Parent-child relationship and family system characteristics in families of adolescents with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Boyko E. A. , Ivanchuk E. V. , Latii K. R. , Malygin V. L. , Bykova O. V. , Batysheva T. T. 
Published: August 2020

The incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) is increasing in all age groups, including children and adolescents. Due to the severity and clinical presentations of the disease in children, sociopsychological aspects, including parent-child relationships (PCR), is the focus of attention.Objective: to study of the characteristics of PCR in families of children with MS.Patients and methods: Ten families of MS adolescents (a study group), and 10 families of healthy adolescents (a control group) were examined. The exclusion criteria were depression in a child and intellectual incapacity. The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, a family sociogram, and the parenting relationship questionnaire were used to assess PCR.Results and discussion. The families of children with MS showed symptoms of mild or moderate depression in the mothers; a predominantly unbalanced type of the family structure; the needs of mothers and children to change the distance with all family members equally; low self-esteem of the child and parent; the desire of the latter to cooperate with the child.Conclusion. PCR in families of children with MS requires further investigations.
RELATIONSHIP LEADERSHIP OF THE CHAIRMAN WITH THE EMPOWERMENT LEVEL OF FARMER GROUPS ON CHILI FARMING MANAGEMENT IN BAWANG DISTRICT, BATANG REGENCY
Authors: Sarjito Hendro , Gayatri Siwi , Dalmiyatun Tutik 
Published: August 2020

Increasing intitutional capacities among ther farmer’s is one of the key to improve farmer’s welfare. This research was conducted with the aim to analyze the relationship between the leadership of the farmer group and the level of empowerment among chili farmer’s in Bawang District, Batang Regency. The study was conducted in 20 December 2018 to 15 January 2019 in Bawang District, Batang Regency. The research method used in this study was the survey method 75 respondent were taken by the complete enumeration method. Data collection was done by using questionnaires, interviews, and direct observations in the field. Data analysis was using descriptive analysis and Rank Spearman correlation test. The results of the study showed that the level of empowerment in management of chili farming system was in medium category. The leadership level of the head of the farmer group in Bawang District were in the category of being able to lead farmer groups. There was a significant relationship between the leadership of the farmer group leader and the level of empowerment of the management of chili farming system in Bawang District, Batang Regency. Keywords: leadership, empowerment, management of chili farming system
The Effects of 6 Weeks Eccentric Training on Speed, Dynamic Balance, Muscle Strength, Power, and Lower Limb Asymmetry in Prepubescent Weightlifters
Authors: Hammami Raouf , Duncan Michael J. , Nebigh Ammar , Werfelli Hanen , Rebai Haithem 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hammami, R, Duncan, MJ, Nebigh, A, Werfelli, H, and Rebai, H. The effects of 6 weeks eccentric training on speed, dynamic balance, muscle strength, power and lower limb asymmetry in prepubescent weightlifters. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 955–962, 2022—This study examined whether 6 weeks of twice-weekly in-season hamstring eccentric training would enhance selected performance-related abilities in prepubescent male weightlifters. Twenty elite weightlifters (11.1 ± 0.8 years) were randomly split into an eccentric training intervention group (INT n = 10) or a control group (CON) that maintained their standard in-season regimen (n = 10). Pre-intervention and postintervention speed, dynamic balance, muscle strength, power, and lower limb (LL) asymmetry were assessed. Analysis of covariance controlling for maturation was used to determine any differences in the performance variables. There were no significant changes in muscle strength, dynamic balance, or LL asymmetry (all p < 0.05) because of the intervention. Both 10-m (p = 0.001) and 30-m (p = 0.007) sprint speed and agility (p = 0.049) improved to a greater extent in INT compared with the CON group. Similar results were evident for the standing long jump (p = 0.015) and 3 hop test (p = 0.004) where performance improved to a greater magnitude in INT compared with CON groups. This study suggests that eccentric training, undertaken twice weekly for 6-weeks results in positive changes in sprint speed, change of direction speed, and power performance, but not muscle strength, dynamic balance, or LL asymmetry in prepubertal weightlifters.