bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personalised medicine and the decision to withhold chemotherapy in early breast cancer with intermediate risk of recurrence – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wallerstedt Susanna M. , Nilsson Ek Astrid , Olofsson Bagge Roger , Kovács Anikó , Strandell Annika , Linderholm Barbro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the evidence for decision making, at the health care and the patient levels, regarding the use of gene expression assays to inform chemotherapy decisions in breast cancer patients with intermediate clinical risk of recurrence.

Methods
Systematic literature searches were performed (January 2002–April 2020) in Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and HTA databases. Inclusion criteria: patients (P) were individuals with post-surgical breast cancer at intermediate clinical risk of recurrence; intervention (I)/comparison (C) was (i) use of, versus no use of, a gene expression assay and (ii) withholding versus providing chemotherapy; outcomes (O) were overall survival (OS), health-related quality of life (HRQL), and recurrence. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs were included. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed where possible.

Results
Three inconclusive non-RCTs, respectively, compared OS and recurrence with and without a gene expression assay. No studies investigated HRQL. Regarding the comparison withholding versus providing chemotherapy based on a gene expression assay, one RCT and four non-RCTs evaluated OS. In the RCT, 93.9% (I) versus 93.8% (C) were alive at 9 years. Three RCTs and seven non-RCTs evaluated recurrence. Three RCTs could be pooled regarding distant recurrence; 4.29% versus 3.88% had such an event (risk ratio: 1.12 (95% confidence interval: 0.90 to 1.39).

Conclusion
Regarding the use of gene expression assays in breast cancer, evidence on patient effects, informing patient-level chemotherapy decision making, is available. However, evidence for prioritisation at the overall health care level, i.e. use of, versus no use of, such assays, is largely lacking.
Persönlichkeit, Lebensbedeutungen und Angst vor dem Tod bei affektiven Störungen
Authors: Mavrogiorgou Paraskevi , Chmielewski Fabian , Hanning Sven , Juckel Georg 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Befunde der bislang wenigen durchgeführten Untersuchungen legen nahe, dass die Angst vor dem Tod eine zentrale kausale und aufrechterhaltende Variable bei der Entstehung psychischer Störungen ist. Hierbei ist die Bedeutung von Persönlichkeit oder lebenserfüllenden und krisenbewältigenden Verhaltensweisen nicht abschließend geklärt.

Material und Methoden
An der vorgestellten explorativen Studie nahmen 54 ambulante Psychotherapiepatienten (27 Frauen und 27 Männer, Alter im Mittel 43,7 Jahre [Standardabweichung, SD ± 13,2 Jahre]) teil. Bei mehr als 90 % der Teilnehmenden bestanden psychische Störungen aus den ICD-10-Bereichen F3 (affektive Störungen) und F4 (neurotische, Belastungs- und somatoforme Störungen). Mithilfe von semistrukturierten Interviews und Fragebogen wurden Daten u. a. zu Angst vor dem Tod („Bochumer-Fragebogen zur Erfassung der Angst vor dem Tod und der Einstellung zum Tod“, BOFRETTA), Persönlichkeitsdimensionen (NEO-Fünf-Faktoren-Inventar, NEO-FFI) und Lebensbedeutungen erhoben.

Ergebnisse
Lediglich für die Persönlichkeitsdimension Neurotizismus (nach NEO-FFI) fanden sich signifikante Korrelationen mit den 3 BOFRETTA-Kenngrößen, wobei ein höherer Neurotizismusgrad mit einem höheren BOFRETTA-Gesamtwert (r = 0,496; p ≤ 0,000), einem höheren Wert der Angst vor dem Tod (r = 0,524; p ≤ 0,000) und einer negativen Einstellung zum Tod (r = 0,401; p = 0,003) korrelierte. Zudem zeigte sich ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen Angst vor dem Tod und Sinnkrise (r = 0,284; p = 0,038). Schließlich fanden sich signifikante Zusammenhänge zwischen der Dimension „Ordnung“ des Fragebogens zu Lebensbedeutungen und Lebenssinn (LeBe) und den BOFRETTA-Werten (Angst: r = 0,458; p ≤ 0,000; Einstellung: r = 0,521; p ≤ 0,000; Gesamt: r = 0,504; p ≤ 0,000). Gerade in Bezug auf diese Zusammenhänge ergaben sich wesentliche Geschlechterunterschiede.

Schlussfolgerung
Neurotizismus und Lebenskrise im Kontext einer psychischen Störung sowie geschlechterspezifisch unterschiedlich gewichtete Lebensbedeutungen wirken sich auf die Angst vor dem Tod aus und gehen mit einer problematischen Einstellung zum Tod einher. Eine stärkere Betrachtung dieser Zusammenhänge im Rahmen der individuell konzipierten psychotherapeutischen Behandlung eines jeden Patienten ist wünschenswert.
On Fast–Slow Consensus Networks with a Dynamic Weight
Authors: Jardón-Kojakhmetov Hildeberto , Kuehn Christian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study dynamic networks under an undirected consensus communication protocol and with one state-dependent weighted edge. We assume that the aforementioned dynamic edge can take values over the whole real numbers, and that its behaviour depends on the nodes it connects and on an extrinsic slow variable. We show that, under mild conditions on the weight, there exists a reduction such that the dynamics of the network are organized by a transcritical singularity. As such, we detail a slow passage through a transcritical singularity for a simple network, and we observe that an exchange between consensus and clustering of the nodes is possible. In contrast to the classical planar fast–slow transcritical singularity, the network structure of the system under consideration induces the presence of a maximal canard. Our main tool of analysis is the blow-up method. Thus, we also focus on tracking the effects of the blow-up transformation on the network’s structure. We show that on each blow-up chart one recovers a particular dynamic network related to the original one. We further indicate a numerical issue produced by the slow passage through the transcritical singularity.
Sigmoid resection with primary anastomosis versus the Hartmann’s procedure for perforated diverticulitis with purulent or fecal peritonitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lambrichts Daniël PV , Edomskis Pim P , van der Bogt Ruben D , Kleinrensink Gert-Jan , Bemelman Willem A , Lange Johan F 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeThe optimal surgical approach for perforated diverticulitis with purulent or fecal peritonitis (Hinchey grade III or IV) remains debated. In recent years, accumulating evidence comparing sigmoid resection with primary anastomosis (PA) with the Hartmann’s procedure (HP) was presented. Therefore, the aim was to provide an updated and extensive synthesis of the available evidence.MethodsA systematic search in Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases was performed. Studies comparing PA to HP for adult patients with Hinchey III or IV diverticulitis were included. Data on mortality, morbidity, stoma reversal, and patient-reported and cost-related outcomes were extracted. Random effects models were used to pool data and estimate odds ratios (ORs).ResultsFrom a total of 1560 articles, four randomized controlled trials and ten observational studies were identified, reporting on 1066 Hinchey III/IV patients. Based on trial outcomes, PA was found to be favorable over HP in terms of stoma reversal rates (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.29, 5.31) and reversal-related morbidity (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.16, 0.69). No differences in mortality (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.32, 2.19), morbidity (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.65, 1.51), and reintervention rates (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.39, 2.11) after the index procedure were demonstrated. Data on patient-reported and cost-related outcomes were scarce, as well as outcomes in PA patients with or without ileostomy construction and Hinchey IV patients.ConclusionAlthough between-study heterogeneity needs to be taken into account, the present results indicate that primary anastomosis seems to be the preferred option over Hartmann’s procedure in selected patients with Hinchey III or IV diverticulitis.
Intestinal motility distal of a deviating ileostomy after rectal resection with the construction of a primary anastomosis: results of the prospective COLO-MOVE study
Authors: Burghgraef T. A. , Amelung F. J. , Verheijen P. M. , Broeders I. A. M. J. , Consten E. C. J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
No consensus exists regarding the use of preoperative bowel preparation for patients undergoing a low anterior resection (LAR). Several comparative studies show similar outcomes when a single time enema (STE) is compared with mechanical bowel preparation (MBP). It is hypothesized that STE is comparable with MBP due to a decrease in intestinal motility distal of a newly constructed diverting ileostomy (DI).

Methods
In this prospective single-centre cohort study, patients undergoing a LAR with primary anastomosis and DI construction were given a STE 2 h pre-operatively. Radio-opaque markers were inserted in the efferent loop of the DI during surgery, and plain abdominal X-rays were made during the first, third, fifth and seventh postoperative day to visualize intestinal motility.

Results
Thirty-nine patients were included. Radio-opaque markers were situated in the ileum or right colon in 100%, 100% and 97.1% of the patients during respectively the first, third and fifth postoperative day. One patient had its most distal marker situated in the left colon during day five. In none of the patients, the markers were seen distal of the anastomosis.

Conclusion
Intestinal motility distally of the DI is decreased in patients who undergo a LAR resection with the construction of an anastomosis and DI, while preoperatively receiving a STE.
Depressive symptoms affect short- and long-term speech recognition outcome in cochlear implant users
Authors: Heinze-Köhler Katharina , Lehmann Effi Katharina , Hoppe Ulrich 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the impact of the amount of depressive symptoms in cochlear implant (CI) recipients on the development of speech recognition after CI-activation up to 2 years.

Design
Retrospective data analysis of a German short form of the Beck Depression Inventory given at initial activation of the implant in relation to monosyllabic word recognition score at conversational level at initial activation and at 3 months, 1 and 2-year follow-up measurements.

Study sample
Thirty-one CI-patients (11 female, 20 male) aged between 41 and 83 (M = 64.77, SD = 10.43) who were German native speakers, postlingually deafened, with severe hearing loss in both sides but unilaterally implanted (19 right-sided, 12 left-sided).

Results
The amount of depressive symptoms at initial activation was negatively correlated with the monosyllabic recognition score after 3 months and after 1 year of implant use.

Conclusion
The psychological status in terms of depressive symptoms is an important parameter regarding the rehabilitative outcome of CI-patients. Care staff and CI-users should be sensitized to the link between depressive symptoms and the development of speech recognition with CI.
Grazing resistance and poor food quality of a widespread mixotroph impair zooplankton secondary production
Authors: Vad Csaba F. , Schneider Claudia , Lukić Dunja , Horváth Zsófia , Kainz Martin J. , Stibor Herwig , Ptacnik Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that global climate change promotes the dominance of mixotrophic algae especially in oligotrophic aquatic ecosystems. While theory predicts that mixotrophy increases trophic transfer efficiency in aquatic food webs, deleterious effects of some mixotrophs on consumers have also been reported. Here, using a widespread mixotrophic algal genus Dinobryon, we aimed to quantify how colonial taxa contribute to secondary production in lakes. We, therefore, studied the dietary effects of Dinobryon divergens on Cladocera (Daphnia longispina) and Copepoda (Eudiaptomus gracilis), representing two main taxonomic and functional groups of zooplankton. In feeding experiments, we showed that Dinobryon was largely grazing resistant and even inhibited the uptake of the high-quality reference food in Daphnia. Eudiaptomus could to some extent compensate with selective feeding, but a negative long-term food quality effect was also evident. Besides, Eudiaptomus was more sensitive to the pure diet of Dinobryon than Daphnia. Low lipid content and high C:P elemental ratio further supported the low nutritional value of the mixotroph. In a stable isotope approach analysing a natural plankton community, we found further evidence that carbon of Dinobryon was not conveyed efficiently to zooplankton. Our results show that the increasing dominance of colonial mixotrophs can result in reduced dietary energy transfer to consumers at higher trophic levels. In a wider perspective, global climate change favours the dominance of some detrimental mixotrophic algae which may constrain pelagic trophic transfer efficiency in oligotrophic systems, similarly to cyanobacteria in eutrophic lakes.
Nano-electronic Simulation Software (NESS): a flexible nano-device simulation platform
Authors: Berrada Salim , Carrillo-Nunez Hamilton , Lee Jaehyun , Medina-Bailon Cristina , Dutta Tapas , Badami Oves , Adamu-Lema Fikru , Thirunavukkarasu Vasanthan , Georgiev Vihar , Asenov Asen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present a flexible and open-source multi-scale simulation software which has been developed by the Device Modelling Group at the University of Glasgow to study the charge transport in contemporary ultra-scaled Nano-CMOS devices. The name of this new simulation environment is Nano-electronic Simulation Software (NESS). Overall NESS is designed to be flexible, easy to use and extendable. Its main two modules are the structure generator and the numerical solvers module. The structure generator creates the geometry of the devices, defines the materials in each region of the simulation domain and includes eventually sources of statistical variability. The charge transport models and corresponding equations are implemented within the numerical solvers module and solved self-consistently with Poisson equation. Currently, NESS contains a drift–diffusion, Kubo–Greenwood, and non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) solvers. The NEGF solver is the most important transport solver in the current version of NESS. Therefore, this paper is primarily focused on the description of the NEGF methodology and theory. It also provides comparison with the rest of the transport solvers implemented in NESS. The NEGF module in NESS can solve transport problems in the ballistic limit or including electron–phonon scattering. It also contains the Flietner model to compute the band-to-band tunneling current in heterostructures with a direct band gap. Both the structure generator and solvers are linked in NESS to supporting modules such as effective mass extractor and materials database. Simulation results are outputted in text or vtk format in order to be easily visualized and analyzed using 2D and 3D plots. The ultimate goal is for NESS to become open-source, flexible and easy to use TCAD simulation environment which can be used by researchers in both academia and industry and will facilitate collaborative software development.
Compromised Hippocampal Neuroplasticity in the Interferon-α and Toll-like Receptor-3 Activation-Induced Mouse Depression Model
Authors: Sanchez-Mendoza Eduardo H. , Camblor-Perujo Santiago , Martins Nascentes-Melo Luiza , Dzyubenko Egor , Fleischer Michael , Silva de Carvalho Tayana , Schmitt Linda-Isabell , Leo Markus , Hagenacker Tim , Herring Arne , Keyvani Kathy , Bera Sujoy , Kononenko Natalia , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Hermann Dirk M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDisrupted neuronal plasticity due to subtle inflammation is considered to play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder. Interferon-α (IFN-α) potentiates immune responses against viral pathogens that induce toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) activation but evokes severe major depressive disorder in humans by mechanisms that remain insufficiently described. By using a previously established mouse model of depression induced by combined delivery of IFN-α and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a TLR3 agonist, we provide evidence that IFN-α and poly(I:C) reduce apical dendritic spine density in the hippocampal CA1 area ex vivo via mechanisms involving decreased TrkB signaling. In vitro, IFN-α and poly(I:C) treatments required neuronal activity to reduce dendritic spine density and TrkB signaling. The levels of presynaptic protein vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT)-1 and postsynaptic protein postsynaptic density-95 (PSD95) were specifically decreased, whereas the expression of both synaptic and extrasynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor 1 (AMPAR1) was increased by IFN-α and poly(I:C) delivery. Patch clamp recordings in primary hippocampal neurons revealed that morphological changes at the synapse induced by IFN-α and poly(I:C) costimulation were accompanied by an increased action potential threshold and action potential frequency, indicative of impaired neuronal excitability. Taken together, IFN-α and poly(I:C) delivery leads to structural and functional alterations at the synapse indicating that compromised neuroplasticity may play an integral role in the pathogenesis of immune response-induced depression.
Additive manufacturing of hydroxyapatite bioceramic scaffolds: Dispersion, digital light processing, sintering, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility
Authors: Feng Chengwei , Zhang Keqiang , He Rujie , Ding Guojiao , Xia Min , Jin Xinxin , Xie Chen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramic scaffolds were fabricated by using digital light processing (DLP) based additive manufacturing. Key issues on the HA bioceramic scaffolds, including dispersion, DLP fabrication, sintering, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility were discussed in detail. Firstly, the effects of dispersant dosage, solid loading, and sintering temperature were studied. The optimal dispersant dosage, solid loading, and sintering temperature were 2 wt%, 50 vol%, and 1250 °C, respectively. Then, the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the HA bioceramic scaffolds were investigated. The DLP-prepared porous HA bioceramic scaffold was found to exhibit excellent mechanical properties and degradation behavior. From this study, DLP technique shows good potential for manufacturing HA bioceramic scaffolds.
Tribological performance and microstructural evolution of α-brass alloys as a function of zinc concentration
Authors: Liu Zhilong , Messer-Hannemann Philipp , Laube Stephan , Greiner Christian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTailoring a material’s properties for low friction and little wear in a strategic fashion is a long-standing goal of materials tribology. Plastic deformation plays a major role when metals are employed in a sliding contact; therefore, the effects of stacking fault energy and mode of dislocation glide need to be elucidated. Here, we investigated how a decrease in the stacking fault energy affects friction, wear, and the ensuing sub-surface microstructure evolution. Brass samples with increasing zinc concentrations of 5, 15, and 36 wt% were tested in non-lubricated sphere-on-plate contacts with a reciprocating linear tribometer against Si3N4spheres. Increasing the sliding distance from 0.5 (single trace) to 5,000 reciprocating cycles covered different stages in the lifetime of a sliding contact. Comparing the results among the three alloys revealed a profound effect of the zinc concentration on the tribological behavior. CuZn15 and CuZn36 showed similar friction and wear results, whereas CuZn5 had a roughly 60% higher friction coefficient (COF) than the other two alloys. CuZn15 and CuZn36 had a much smaller wear rate than CuZn5. Wavy dislocation motion in CuZn5 and CuZn15 allowed for dislocation self-organization into a horizontal line about 150 nm beneath the contact after a single trace of the sphere. This feature was absent in CuZn36 where owing to planar dislocation slip band-like features under a 45° angle to the surface were identified. These results hold the promise to help guide the future development of alloys tailored for specific tribological applications.
How the fluorographene replaced graphene as nanoadditive for improving tribological performances of GTL-8 based lubricant oil
Authors: Ci Xiaojing , Zhao Wenjie , Luo Jun , Wu Yangmin , Ge Tianhao , Xue Qunji , Gao Xiulei , Fang Zhiwen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFluorographene, a new alternative to graphene, it not only inherits the 2-dimensional (2D) layered structure and outstanding mechanical properties, but also possesses controllable C–F bonds. It is meaningful to reveal the evolution processes of the tribological behaviors from graphene to fluorographene. In this work, fluorinated reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (F–rGO) with different degree of fluorination were prepared using direct gas-fluorination and they were added into gas to liquid-8 (GTL-8) base oil as lubricant additive to improve the tribological performance. According to the results, the coefficient of friction (COF) reduced by 21%, notably, the wear rate reduced by 87% with the addition of highly fluorinated reduced graphene oxide (HF–rGO) compared with rGO. It was confirmed that more covalent C–F bonds which improved the chemical stability of HF–rGO resisted the detachment of fluorine so the HF–rGO nanosheets showed less damage, as demonstrated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectra, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Meanwhile, the ionic liquid (IL) adsorbed on HF–rGO successfully improved the dispersibility of F–rGO in GTL-8 base oil. The investigation of tribofilm by TEM and focused ion beam (FIB) illustrated that IL displayed a synergy to participate in the tribochemical reaction and increased the thickness of tribofilm during the friction process.
Risk taking, sensation seeking and personality as related to changes in substance use from adolescence to young adulthood
Authors: LaSpada Natalia , Delker Erin , East Patricia , Blanco Estela , Delva Jorge , Burrows Raquel , Lozoff Betsy , Gahagan Sheila 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study examined changes in substance use from adolescence to young adulthood as related to adolescents’ risk taking, sensation seeking, antisocial activities, and personality traits.MethodsChilean youth (N = 890, 52% female) were studied in adolescence (14.5 and 16.2 years) and young adulthood (M age 21.3 years). Risk taking was assessed via a laboratory‐based performance task (Balloon Analogue Risk Task), and self‐administered questionnaires assessed sensation seeking, antisocial behaviors, personality and substance use.ResultsFrequent involvement in sensation seeking and antisocial activities were associated with increased odds of continued marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood and of illicit substance use at young adulthood. High risk taking was associated with a reduced likelihood of discontinuing marijuana use at young adulthood, and high agreeableness and conscientiousness were associated with reduced likelihood of new onset marijuana use and illicit substance use at young adulthood.ConclusionsResults highlight specific risk‐taking tendencies and personality characteristics that relate to initiating, continuing, or discontinuing substance use at entry into adulthood. Sensation seeking and involvement in antisocial activities were the two foremost risk factors for continued use, which is a forecaster of drug dependence. Findings suggest potential prevention and intervention targets for abstaining from or discontinuing substance use as youth transition to adulthood.