bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an educational video providing key messages for doctors to counsel families following a first afebrile seizure
Authors: Ng Eleanor W M , Le Marne Fleur , Sinclair Kate G , Lorentzos Michelle S , Waak Michaela , Deuble Natalie , Georgeson Thomas , Rao Arjun , Rikhi Surbhi , Mallitt Kylie‐Ann , Bye Ann 
Published: September 2020

AimThe aim was to evaluate an educational video in educating doctors on the key messages and follow‐up pathways following a first afebrile seizure presentation. A multidisciplinary expert team developed the video (http://www.pennsw.org.au/families/resources/first-seizure-pack-and-video) based on available evidence and best‐practice. It contains a role‐play between the parent/child and physician. It addresses: key messages to impart following a first seizure, seizure first aid, safety messages including necessary precautions post‐discharge, contents of the First Seizure Pack for families, follow‐up pathway and issues for discussion with the paediatrician at a later appointment.MethodsPaediatric/Emergency department (ED) trainees across three Australian sites were recruited during terms 1 and 2, 2019. A repeated measures design was used. Multilevel modelling analyses were performed. The primary outcome was clinician knowledge. Secondary outcomes were confidence in answering questions and counselling families. Qualitative data on the utility, strengths and weaknesses of the video were evaluated.ResultsA total of 127 participants consented, one withdrew prior to commencing. A total of 126 baseline surveys, 115 follow‐up surveys and 45 1‐month follow‐up surveys were returned. Viewing the video significantly improved knowledge of key messages at immediate follow‐up (P < 0.001) and 1‐month follow‐up (P = 0.048). Likewise, confidence was significantly improved; 96.5% of responders found the video useful, 90.3% were likely to use the resource in the future and 82% would change their approach to counselling. Most liked aspects of the resource were clarity/conciseness of the information (n = 70) and comprehensiveness (n = 38).ConclusionThis education video significantly improved clinician knowledge and confidence in counselling families following first seizure.
Methylation Pattern and Expression Dynamics of Methylase and Photosystem Genes Under varying light Intensities in Fugacium kawagutii (Symbiodiniaceae)
Authors: Yang Feng , Li Ling , Lin Senjie 
Published: September 2020

Previous studies have documented extensive methylation of CpG islands and abundant methyltransferase gene (DNMT) in Fugacium kawagutii (formerly Symbiodinium kawagutii) genome. However, whether DNA methylation plays a role in regulating gene expression in this and other dinoflagellates remains unclear. Here, we characterized gene body methylation levels using methylation‐specific PCR (MS‐PCR) and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) and measured transcriptional levels for three photosystem genes in F. kawagutii under different light conditions (20, 100, and 600 µE · m−2 · s−1). To explore the association of methylation with DNA methylase, the expression of DNA methyltransferase (Symbio‐DIRS‐Dnmt3) was also measured. Our results showed that peridinin–chlorophyll a–binding protein (PCP), light‐harvesting complex (LHC), and chlorophyll a‐c–binding protein complex (acpPC) gene expression was all significantly up‐regulated under low light in which their methylation level was down‐regulated, constant, and elevated, respectively. Symbio‐DIRS‐Dnmt3 exhibited elevated transcriptional level under increased light intensity. The results led us to hypothesize that DNA methylation level can be modulated by environmental conditions such as irradiance, probably through the regulation of Symbio‐DIRS‐Dnmt3 transcription level, and in turn may regulate the expression of genes in F. kawagutii. Further study is needed to determine whether the same gene methylation and expression characteristics reported here occur in other dinoflagellates and to explore their ecological implications.
Cellular ageing of oral fibroblasts differentially modulates extracellular matrix organization
Authors: Atkuru Srividya , Muniraj Giridharan , Sudhaharan Thankiah , Chiam Keng‐Hwee , Wright Graham Daniel , Sriram Gopu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAgeing is associated with an impaired cellular function that can affect tissue architecture and wound healing in gingival and periodontal tissues. However, the impact of oral fibroblast ageing on the structural organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is poorly understood. Hence, in this study, we investigated the impact of cellular ageing of oral fibroblasts on the production and structural organization of collagen and other ECM proteins.MethodsOral fibroblasts were serially subcultured, and replicative cellular senescence was assessed using population doubling time, Ki67 counts and expression of P21WAFI. The production and structural organization of ECM proteins were assessed at early (young‐oFB) and late (aged‐oFB) passages. The thickness and pattern of collagen produced by live cultures of young‐ and aged‐oFB were assessed using a label‐free and non‐invasive second harmonic generation (SHG)‐based multiphoton imaging. Expression of other ECM proteins (fibronectin, fibrillin, collagen‐IV and laminins) was evaluated using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy‐based depth profile analysis.ResultsAged‐oFB displayed a higher population doubling time, lower Ki67+ cells and higher expression of P21WAFI indicative of slower proliferation rate and senescence phenotype. SHG imaging demonstrated that young‐oFB produced a thick, interwoven network of collagen fibres, while the aged‐oFB produced thin and linearly organized collagen fibres. Similarly, analysis of immunostained cultures showed that young‐oFB produced a rich, interwoven mesh of fibronectin, fibrillin and collagen‐IV fibres. In contrast, the aged‐oFB produced linearly organized fibronectin, fibrillin and collagen‐IV fibres. Lastly, there was no observable difference in production and organization of laminins among the young‐ and aged‐oFB.ConclusionOur results suggest that oral fibroblast ageing impairs ECM production and more importantly the organization of ECM fibres, which could potentially impair wound healing in the elderly.
Reproductive strategies of animal‐pollinated plants on high mountains: A review of studies from the “Third Pole”
Authors: Tong Ze‐Yu , Wu Ling‐Yun , Huang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHaving hundreds of big mountains, the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and its southern boundary, the Hengduan Mountains Region, represent one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. In the so‐called “Third Pole of the earth”, diverse effects of climate change and habitat heterogeneity could have driven the evolution of plant adaptive strategies. In this review, we collected and compiled recent sources of reproductive biology in animal‐pollinated plants, stressing the questions that need further attention, including pollination system, pollen limitation, self‐compatibility, and sexual system. We constructed plant–pollinator interaction networks based on the case studies from this region, showing that the majority of pollinators were bees, moths, butterflies, and flies were also important, and bats and birds were rare. As the unpredictable (cold, rainy or windy) weather affects pollinator activities, sexual reproduction seemed to be pollen limited, but available studies show that the exact pattern of pollen limitation is still under debate. Self‐compatibility could be either a solution, or a result from pollen limitation. Moreover, plant sexual systems can be regarded as an integrated module that counters pollen limitation. As phylogenetic relationships were constructed, diverse genera experienced rapid radiation were revealed in these mountainous areas. Further studies of evolutionary transitions in reproductive systems of congeners will unveil potential factors shaping the general pattern of adaptive strategies in animal‐pollinated plants. Further studies will be beneficial in using advanced new techniques, examining phenotypic selection under common gardens, and considering chemical ecology in interactions between plants and florivores, particularly in pollen fate.
Inter‐colony invasion between wild naked mole‐rat colonies
Authors: Braude S. , Hess J. , Ingram C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite published reports of inter‐colony aggression and invasion in the laboratory, direct aggressive competition for resources has not previously been considered as a driving force for the large colony size in naked mole‐rats (Heterocephalus glaber). We report evidence that wild colonies of naked mole‐rats invade neighbouring colonies and thus expand their territories. Furthermore, as has been observed in laboratory colonies, invading colonies may kidnap un‐weaned pups which can subsequently be incorporated into the workforce. This is convergent with the slave‐making ants and suggests that intergroup aggression between naked mole‐rat colonies may be a strong selective pressure for group living and extreme colony size.
The Effect of Pre‐reading Instruction on Vocabulary Learning: An Investigation of L1 and L2 Readers’ Eye Movements
Authors: Pellicer‐Sánchez Ana , Conklin Kathy , Vilkaitė‐Lozdienė Laura 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study examined the effect of pre‐reading vocabulary instruction on learners’ attention and vocabulary learning. We randomly assigned participants (L1 = 92; L2 = 88) to one of four conditions: pre‐reading instruction, where participants’ received explicit instruction on six novel items and read a text with the items repeated eight times; reading‐only, where participants simply read the same text with the novel items repeated eight times; reading‐baseline, where participants read the same text with the repeated items replaced by known (control) words; and instruction‐only, where participants received explicit instruction on the novel items and read an unrelated text. Eye‐tracking was used to measure amount of attention to the vocabulary during reading. We assessed knowledge of the target vocabulary in three immediate posttests (form recognition, meaning recall, and meaning recognition). Results showed that pre‐reading instruction (plus reading the text) led to both more vocabulary learning and a processing advantage. Cumulative reading times were a significant predictor of meaning recognition scores.
How do muskratsOndatra zibethicusaffect ecosystems? A review of evidence
Authors: Bomske Caleb M. , Ahlers Adam A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMuskratsOndatra zibethicusare reported to have wide‐ranging effects on wetland habitats, sometimes earning them the labels ‘keystone species’ or ‘ecosystem engineers’.We conducted an extensive review of the scientific literature and evaluated evidence for muskrats as potential keystone species or ecosystem engineers, and more generally, their known impacts on wetland ecosystems.We identified 363 publications (peer‐reviewed articles, books, theses, and reports) regarding muskrats, 202 of which were in an ecological context. Only 6% (n = 13) of these explicitly considered muskrats as ecosystem engineers (n = 9) or keystone species (n = 4).Our review found that muskrat populations may have broad effects on both wetland flora and fauna. However, studies generally occurred over small spatiotemporal scales and used dissimilar methods and reporting, which limited our inference regarding muskrats’ influence on wetland ecosystems.Research explicitly identifying muskrats as ecosystem engineers or keystone species is limited, but published evidence suggests that muskrats may have an effect on plant species diversity and habitat heterogeneity, which in turn may influence other animal species. However, long‐term and experimental research is needed to uncover impacts that muskrats have on ecosystems.
New constraints on the formation of lunar mafic impact melt breccias from S‐Se‐Te and highly siderophile elements
Authors: Gleißner Philipp , Becker Harry 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMass fractions of the siderophile volatile elements S, Se, and Te were determined together with highly siderophile elements (HSE) and osmium isotope ratios in multiple aliquots of five lunar mafic impact melt breccias. The impactites were sampled from presumably Imbrium‐related ejecta deposits at the Apollo 14, 15, and 16 landing sites. As in many mafic impact melt breccias, all studied impactites display fractionated siderophile element patterns characteristic of differentiated metal, interpreted to reflect metal‐rich impactor material from the core of a differentiated planetesimal. The compositional record of Fra Mauro crystalline matrix breccias and recent constraints on the time of their formation suggest that the admixture of this differentiated metal component to the Procellarum KREEP Terrane occurred before the Imbrium basin was formed. The impact melt rock portion of dimict breccia 61015 displays fractionations of HSE like other mafic impact melt breccias, but CI chondrite‐like ratios of S, Se, Te, and Ir. Preservation of these contrasting impactor signatures in a single impactite sample demonstrates mixing of differentiated metal and CI chondrite‐like impactor material and their homogenization in an impact melt sheet. Correlations of highly siderophile element ratios between impactites from different Apollo landing sites suggest that siderophile element inventories of many lunar impactites were affected by similar mixing processes. Mass fractions and ratios of S, Se, and Te in other mafic impact melt breccias closely resemble those of pristine mafic target rocks.
The medico‐legal helpline: A content analysis of postgraduate medical trainee advice calls
Authors: McDougall Allan , Zaslow Joanna , Zhang Cathy , Yang Qian , Nuth Janet , Tsai Ellen , Lee Shirley , Lefebvre Guylaine , Calder Lisa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContextAvailable literature exploring medical liability and postgraduate medical education consistently posits that postgraduate trainees worry about their exposure to medico‐legal liability. This assumption has formed the basis for research and curriculum development.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the encounters that lead physicians‐in‐training to seek external medico‐legal guidance. We sought to provide empirical evidence on trends and themes related to medico‐legal advice requests from physicians‐in‐training.MethodsOur primary dataset consisted of records of calls from physicians‐in‐training to the medico‐legal helpline of the Canadian Medical Protective Association (CMPA), a national mutual defence organisation providing medico‐legal advice and liability protection for over 95% of Canada's physicians. We conducted a trend analysis of the frequency of calls for advice over 10 years from physician‐in‐training compared with non‐trainee physicians. Furthermore, we performed a content analysis of calls made over the most recent 2 years (2016‐2017) to elucidate the concerns that led to trainees seeking medico‐legal advice.ResultsThe 10‐year trend analysis revealed that the annual growth in the number of physician‐in‐training advice calls (8.8%) exceeded other CMPA physician groups and was in excess of trainee population growth over the same period. The content analysis identified four core themes: managing confidential information, complex care situations, academic matters and patient safety incidents.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that trainees are asking questions about their medico‐legal liability with increasing frequency. This study contributes new evidence on the issues that lead to trainees seeking help. We believe that understanding trainees' medico‐legal advice requests will support medical educators to tailor quality improvement education to learners' needs.
Estimation of internal corrosion degree from observed surface cracking of concrete using mesoscale simulation with Model Predictive Control
Authors: Kuntal Vikas Singh , Jiradilok Punyawut , Bolander John E. , Nagai Kohei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCorrosion of the steel reinforcing bars in concrete structures is one of the major maintenance problems. Corrosion results in expansive pressure on the surrounding concrete, which causes internal damage that may become visible as surface cracking. Such damage may degrade structural safety and serviceability. Effective maintenance requires the evaluation of residual performance based on estimates of spatially nonuniform levels of corrosion, which are typically obtained through surface measurements only. In this study, the authors have developed a simulation system for estimating the levels of internal corrosion along the reinforcing bar length from surface crack information. This innovative system is produced by integrating the technique of Model Predictive Control (MPC) with Rigid‐Body‐Spring Models (RBSM) of corrosion‐induced cracking at the concrete mesoscale. In this study, MPC controls the simulated surface cracks such that they match the observed cracks by optimizing the internal expansions of springs representing the steel‐concrete interface within the RBSM. The applicability of the system is verified using both synthetic crack width data and crack data collected from in‐house laboratory testing. In the laboratory testing, corrosion levels were quantified by 3D scanning of the extracted reinforcing bars. The simulation results agree with the corrosion measurements, demonstrating the potential of the MPC‐RBSM system for predicting the corrosion distribution along reinforcing bars using surface crack data.
A case of late‐onset Chediak‐Higashi syndrome with progressive gait disturbance and cognitive dysfunction caused by novel variant in LYST gene
Authors: Nakamura Takeshi , Koh Kishin , Takiyama Yoshihisa , Takahashi Makio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChediak‐Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease that mostly manifests immunodeficiency, albinism, abnormal bleeding, and other pigmentary abnormalities in childhood. However, the attenuated cases of late‐onset CHS may only express progressive cognitive dysfunction. Herein, we observed a case of late‐onset CHS with progressive gait ataxia, spastic paralysis, cognitive dysfunction, and peripheral neuropathy without any immunological abnormalities or skin depigmentation. Giant granules in neutrophils were identified by Giemsa staining, and genetic analysis showed the presence of a novel homozygous missense variant (c.172 C>G, p. L58V) in LYST gene. To consider late‐onset CHS as a differential neurodegenerative disorder, peripheral blood cytology is necessary to search for lysosomal LYST gene abnormalities.
Nonpharmacological interventions to improve the psychological well‐being of women accessing abortion services and their satisfaction with care: A systematic review
Authors: Wang Na , Allen Jyai , Gamble Jenny , Creedy Debra K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHow women perceive and experience abortion impacts their subsequent psychological well‐being. This systematic review evaluated nonpharmacological interventions designed to support women undergoing abortion services and improve their psychological well‐being and satisfaction with care. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, Social Services Abstracts, and PTSD Pubs. All searches were limited to peer‐reviewed articles published in English from January 2010 to February 2020. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility. Ten studies were included, involving four types of interventions: music therapy; social support; information support; and mandated waiting and counseling requirements on abortion access. Outcome measures were divided into four categories comprised of cognitive domains, emotional and psychological well‐being, clinical symptoms, and satisfaction with care. However, there is limited evidence on intervention effects. Most studies report null or mixed intervention effects. Even though some positive effects on women's cognitive outcomes and satisfaction with care were seen, findings across studies were inconclusive. Findings also show that methodological limitations such as lack of theoretical basis, inadequate reporting and no power sample size calculation were apparent across studies. There is limited evidence about nonpharmacological interventions designed to improve women's satisfaction with abortion services or psychological outcomes subsequent to accessing abortion services. Well‐designed interventions that meet the needs of service‐users should be developed and rigorously tested.
Women's experience of stress and related use of diet and/or dietary supplements
Authors: McCabe Delia , Lockwood Craig 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWomen's lives are negatively impacted by chronic psychological stress. Dietary supplement use to manage stress is prolific despite inadequate evidence to support supplementation. The researchers used participatory action research to examine the experience of living with stress and the role that diet and/or dietary supplements played in the self‐reported ability to manage stress among community dwelling women. Convenience sampling was used to recruit eight women. Focus group sessions were held across eight consecutive weeks wherein personal experiences of stress and dietary strategies to manage stress were audio‐recorded. Verbatim transcripts of the sessions, journal notes, and email correspondence were analyzed, identifying codes, categories, and six themes: “causes and effects of stress,” “thinking patterns and stress,” “confusion and skepticism about using dietary strategies to manage stress,” “the role of relationships in experiencing stress,” “the role of relationships in managing physical health and stress,” and “stress‐management strategies.” Participants experienced habitual stress responses, skepticism about dietary stress management strategies, and long‐reaching physical and psychological effects on key relationships. Health professionals may find similar perspectives influencing the choices of chronically stressed women they support.