bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate likelihood inference for the volume under the ROC surface
Authors: Ruli Erlis , Ventura Laura 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground:With three ordered diagnostic categories, the volume under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) surface, which is the extension of the area under the ROC curve for binary diagnostic outcomes, is the most commonly used measure for the overall diagnostic accuracy. For a continuous‐scale diagnostic test, classical likelihood‐based inference about the area under the ROC curve can be inaccurate, in particular when the sample size is small, and higher order inferential procedures have been proposed.Aim:The goal of this paper is to illustrate higher order likelihood procedures for parametric inference in small samples, which provide accurate point estimates and confidence intervals for the volume under the ROC surface.Methods:Simulation studies are performed in order to illustrate the accuracy of the proposed methodology, and two applications to real data are discussed.Results:We show that likelihood modern inference provide refinements to classical inferential results. Furthermore, the freely available R package likelihoodAsy makes now their use almost automatic.Conclusion:Modern likelihood inference based on higher‐order asymptotic methods for the area under the ROC surface provide refinements to classical inferential results. A possible limitation of higher‐order asymptotic methods for practical use is that their software implementation can be awkward. Nevertheless, use of the freely available R package likelihoodAsy makes such implementation straightforward.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis diagnosed promptly by bronchial brushing cytology in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Suo Liye , Sheu Tiffany G. , Crumley Suzanne M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRespiratory cytology plays an important role in the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection. The timely diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) can be very challenging due to the nonspecific cytomorphologic features and limited number of organisms, especially in the immunocompetent patients. Here, we reported a case of TB diagnosed promptly by bronchial brushing cytology in a 51‐year‐old immunocompetent patient. She presented with a 4 cm fungating lesion involving right lower lobe of the lung and mediastinal lymphadenopathy with an initial concern for malignancy. Bronchial brushing showed scattered acute inflammatory cells in the background of necrosis. A cell block was prepared and acid‐fast bacilli (AFB)‐positive organisms were identified. Subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed on the sputum detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This case highlights the importance of recognizing the cytomorphology of TB from a bronchial brushing specimen; and also emphasizes the potential utility of the cell block from respiratory cytology in the diagnosis of TB.
Probing TCNQ‐mediated Metal Reduction Reactions at Liquid‐liquid Interface with SECM
Authors: Nieminen Eemi , Kazimova Nargiz , Murtomäki Lasse 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMetal reduction at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) has been studied with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Metal cations in the aqueous phase are reduced by 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane anion (TCNQ−) residing in the oil phase, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). TCNQ− is formed at the SECM tip by reducing TCNQ, which results in a positive feedback loop between the tip and the ITIES when an electron is donated to a metal cation. The effect of the Galvani potential difference on the rate of the interfacial electron transfer was investigated, establishing the potential difference either by an additional substrate electrode in the aqueous phase or by an a common ion in both phases. It is shown that the Galvani potential difference as a driving force does enable TCNQ− mediated Cu2+ reduction. Finite element method (FEM) simulations were run to provide information on the reaction kinetics and stoichiometry.
Morphologic adjustments of actively evolving highly curved neck cutoffs
Authors: Richards Derek , Konsoer Kory 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTNeck cutoffs and their resultant oxbow lakes are important and prominent features of riverine landscapes. Detailed field‐based research focusing on the morphologic evolution of neck cutoffs is currently insufficient to fully characterize cutoff evolution. High‐resolution bathymetric data were collected over 3 years for the purpose of determining channel morphology and morphologic change on three actively evolving neck cutoffs. Results indicate the following general trends in morphologic adjustment: (1) a longitudinal bar in the upstream meander limb that develops near the entrance to the abandoned bend; (2) a deep scour hole in the downstream meander limb immediately downstream of the cutoff channel; (3) erosion of the bank opposite the cutoff in the downstream meander limb; (4) a cutoff bar in the downstream meander limb at the junction corner of the cutoff channel and the downstream meander limb; and (5) perching of the exit of the abandoned bend above the cutoff channel due to channel bed incision. The results presented herein were used to develop a conceptual model that depicts the morphologic evolution of highly curving neck cutoffs. The findings of this research are combined with recent analyses of the three‐dimensional flow structure through neck cutoffs to provide a mechanistic explanation for the morphodynamics of neck cutoffs. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of social defeat stress and fluoxetine treatment on neurogenesis and behavior in mice that lack zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3) and vesicular zinc
Authors: McAllister Brendan B. , Pochakom Angela , Fu Selena , Dyck Richard H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDepression is a leading cause of disability worldwide, in part because the available treatments are inadequate and do not work for many people. The neurobiology of depression, and the mechanism of action of common antidepressant drugs such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), is not well understood. One mechanism thought to underlie the effects of these drugs is upregulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Evidence indicates that vesicular zinc is required for modulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, at least under some circumstances. Vesicular zinc refers to zinc that is stored in the synaptic vesicles of certain neurons, including in the hippocampus, and released in response to neuronal activity. It can be eliminated from the brain by deletion of zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3), as is the case in ZnT3 knockout mice. Here, we examined the effects of repeated social defeat stress and subsequent chronic treatment with the SSRI fluoxetine on behavior and neurogenesis in ZnT3 knockout mice. We hypothesized that fluoxetine treatment would increase neurogenesis and reverse stress‐induced behavioral symptoms in wild type, but not ZnT3 knockout, mice. As anticipated, stress induced persistent depression‐like effects, including social avoidance and anxiety‐like behavior. Fluoxetine decreased social avoidance, though the effect was not specific to the stressed mice, but did not affect anxiety‐like behavior. Surprisingly, stress increased the survival of neurons born 1 day after the last episode of defeat stress. Fluoxetine treatment also increased cell survival, particularly in wild type mice, though it did not affect proliferation. Our results did not support our hypothesis that vesicular zinc is required for the behavioral benefits of fluoxetine treatment. As to whether vesicular zinc is required for the neurogenic effects of fluoxetine, our results were inconclusive, warranting further investigation into the role of vesicular zinc in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
Validity of self‐reported anthropometrics in Arabic‐speaking adults in Australia
Authors: Arjunan Punitha , Kovai Vilas , Jalaludin Bin , Rooney Janelle 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIssue addressedBody mass index (BMI) is generally accepted as a useful measurement for monitoring risk factors in adults. Although self‐reported anthropometric measurements are deemed to be more cost‐effective, its accuracy has been debated. While BMI based on self‐reported measures may have to be relied on, accuracy of reporting such measures among culturally and linguistically diverse groups is unknown.MethodsFace‐to‐face surveys were conducted among 272 adults of Arabic‐speaking backgrounds living in south western Sydney using non‐probability sampling to collect data for directly measured and self‐reported BMI. Agreement between both measures was determined by the Cohen's kappa coefficient analyses. The Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed‐ranks and Mann‐Whitney U tests were used to compare the differences in median values between both measures. The Bland‐Altman analysis was conducted to identify the limits of agreement between both measurements.ResultsThere was substantial agreement between both self‐reported and directly measured data (kappa = 0.70). Significant small median differences were found between both direct and self‐reported overall BMI measure (27.58 vs 27.34; P < .0001) with a significantly greater median difference for females compared to males (0.76 vs 0.38 kg/m2; P = .05). However, the 95% limits of agreement were moderately large for BMI (−5.1 and 6.4).ConclusionSelf‐reported data for height and weight are generally appropriate for calculating BMI for health promotion interventions among adults from Arabic‐speaking backgrounds but should be used cautiously when assessing BMI status at the individual level.So what?When limited resources are available for accomplishing health promotion interventions, self‐reporting measures may be used as a proxy for assessing BMI.
Infants' perceptions of cooperation between a human and robot
Authors: Wang Ying , Park Yun‐Hee , Itakura Shoji , Henderson Annette Margaret Elizabeth , Kanda Takayuki , Furuhata Naoki , Ishiguro Hiroshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCooperation is fundamental to human society; thus, it may come as little surprise that by their second birthdays, infants are able to perceive when two human agents are working together towards a shared goal. However, far less is known about whether infants view nonhuman agents as being capable of cooperative shared goals. Thirteen‐month‐old infants were habituated to a cooperative interaction involving a human and robot agent as they worked to remove a toy from inside a box. While previous research suggests that infants readily structure the actions of human cooperative partners as being towards a shared goal, surprisingly infants in the current study did not extend their expectations about cooperation when a robot agent was present. These findings contribute to our understanding of the nature of infants' developing notions of goal‐directed behaviour and are the first examination of infants' perceptions of cooperation involving robotic agents.
Identification of KISS1R gene mutations in disorders of non‐obstructive azoospermia in the northeast population of China
Authors: Geng Dongfeng , Zhang Hongguo , Liu Xiangyin , Fei Jia , Jiang Yuting , Liu Ruizhi , Wang Ruixue , Zhang Guirong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundNon‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA), a serious phenotype of male spermatogenesis failure, is a multifactorial disease which is regulated by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Some gene structural variants have been demonstrated to be related to NOA. Loss‐of‐function mutations of KISS1R cause normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) which result in azoospermia at the pre‐testicular level. The objective of this research was to investigate genetic variants of KISS1R in NOA patients.MethodsThe entire coding region of 52 spermatogenesis‐associated genes (KISS1R included) was sequenced from 200 NOA patients. Mutation screening was performed to identify genetic variations of these genes by targeted exome sequencing. Sequencing data analysis was carried out by a series of bioinformatics tools. Candidate variants confirmation was performed by Sanger sequencing. Functional analysis of candidate variants was evaluated using SIFT and PolyPhen‐2.ResultsThree heterozygous missense variants in KISS1R were identified in three patients, respectively. No deleterious variations in other candidate genes were found in the three patients. Two of these three variants, p.A211T and p.G186E, had been reported in the ExAC and dbSNP database, respectively, while the other variant p.A301D was novel. These variants were all predicted to be likely pathogenic by in silico analysis.ConclusionOur study revealed three heterozygous missense variants in KISS1R which expanded the mutation spectrum of KISS1R in infertile men with NOA in the northeast of China.
Rural mental health service utilization in a Texas telepsychology clinic
Authors: Tarlow Kevin R. , McCord Carly E. , Du Yuxian , Hammett Julie , Wills Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if service utilization behaviors varied with the remoteness of clients served by a telepsychology clinic in a predominantly rural health professional shortage area (HPSA) in Texas.MethodsArchival data from 290 low‐income clients were analyzed to test associations between service utilization behaviors and clients’ distance from the nearby access points where they traveled to receive counseling services from remotely located counselors.ResultsDistance to access points did not predict differences in service utilization behaviors. However, clients in rural counties traveled farther to receive services than clients in metropolitan areas. Some utilization behaviors varied by demographic variables and depressive symptom severity.ConclusionsA “hub and spoke” model of telehealth service delivery is an acceptable model for improving access to mental health care services in rural and underserved communities, even for clients who live relatively far from access points. Telehealth providers should consider geographic, socioeconomic, transportation, and health‐related barriers to care experienced by clients when implementing services and policies.
RESCUE transesophageal echocardiography for monitoring of mechanical chest compressions and guidance for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation cannulation in refractory cardiac arrest
Authors: Giorgetti Ryan , Chiricolo Gerardo , Melniker Lawrence , Calaf Carlos , Gaeta Theodore 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere is a growing interest in using point‐of‐care transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during cardiac arrest. TEE is effective at identifying the etiology of sudden cardiovascular collapse and guiding management during the resuscitation. In selected patients with refractory cardiac arrest, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) can be considered. ECPR requires percutaneous vascular access for the implantation of veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit. We present a case of prolonged cardiac arrest in which rescue TEE was pivotal in narrowing the differential diagnosis, monitoring of mechanical chest compression performance, and guiding cannulation for ECPR.
Graph homomorphism reconfiguration and frozen H‐colorings
Authors: Brewster Richard C. , Lee Jae‐Baek , Moore Benjamin , Noel Jonathan A. , Siggers Mark 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFor a fixed graph H, the reconfiguration problem for H‐colorings (ie, homomorphisms to H) asks: given a graph G and two H‐colorings and of G, does there exist a sequence of H‐colorings such that , , and for every and ? If the graph G is loop‐free, then this is the equivalent to asking whether it possible to transform into by changing the color of one vertex at a time such that all intermediate mappings are H‐colorings. In the affirmative, we say that reconfigures to . Currently, the complexity of deciding whether an H‐coloring reconfigures to an H‐coloring is only known when H is a clique, a circular clique, a ‐free graph, or in a few other cases which are easily derived from these. We show that this problem is PSPACE‐complete when H is an odd wheel. An important notion in the study of reconfiguration problems for H‐colorings is that of a frozen H‐coloring; that is, an H‐coloring such that does not reconfigure to any H‐coloring such that . We obtain an explicit dichotomy theorem for the problem of deciding whether a given graph G admits a frozen H‐coloring. The hardness proof involves a reduction from a constraint satisfaction problem which is shown to be nondeterministic polynomial time NP‐complete by establishing the nonexistence of a certain type of polymorphism.
Lewis acid–catalyzed green synthesis and biological studies of pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrazoles in aqueous medium
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Singh Baldev , Arjuna Anania 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn environmentally benign approach in aqueous medium by means of Lewis acid catalyst affords a wide spectrum of pyrazoline derivatives in satisfactory yields. [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of substituted azomethine‐N‐imines to maleimide in aqueous medium at relatively high concentrations of Lewis acid catalyst have emerged as an environment friendly alternative to conventional solvents. Promising catalytic activity has been revealed by Lewis acid like Cu (NO3)2 in aqueous medium. The obvious features of this synthetic protocol were short reaction time, high efficiency, less hazardous synthesis by benign solvent, catalysis, modest workup, and a clean reaction methodology.
Investigation of the interaction between split aptamer and vascular endothelial growth factor 165 using single molecule force spectroscopy
Authors: Li Shaoyuan , Zheng Yan , Liu Yaqin , Geng Xiuhua , Liu Xiaofeng , Zou Liyuan , Wang Qing , Yang Xiaohai , Wang Kemin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the binding of split aptamer/its target could become a breakthrough in the application of split aptamer. Herein, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a major biomarker of human diseases, was used as a model, and its interaction with split aptamer was explored with single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS). SMFS demonstrated that the interaction force of split aptamer/VEGF165 was 169.44 ± 6.59 pN at the loading rate of 35.2 nN/s, and the binding probability of split aptamer/VEGF165 was dependent on the concentration of VEGF165. On the basis of dynamic force spectroscopy results, one activation barrier in the dissociation process of split aptamer/VEGF165 complexes was revealed, which was similar to that of the intact aptamer/VEGF165. Besides, the dissociation rate constant (koff) of split aptamer/VEGF165 was close to that of intact aptamer/VEGF165, and the interaction force of split aptamer/VEGF165 was higher than the force of intact aptamer/VEGF165. It indicated that split aptamer also possessed high affinity with VEGF165. The work can provide a new method for exploring the interaction of split aptamer/its targets at single‐molecule level.
Roles of GluN2C in cerebral ischemia: GluN2C expressed in different cell types plays different role in ischemic damage
Authors: Ding Yue , Wang Le , Huo Yuexiang , Sun Yanping , Wang Long , Gao Zibin , Sun Yongjun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOver the past decade, many studies have focused on clarifying the roles of different N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits in cerebral ischemia, hoping to develop subunit‐selective drugs. Recently, more attention was given to studying the role of GluN2C in ischemia damage, which may lead to the development of new NMDA receptor antagonists for cerebral ischemia. Results showed that GluN2C inhibition or knockout can effectively alleviate the ischemic injury caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion and, contrarily, can aggravate the damage to hippocampal CA1 circuit caused by transient global cerebral ischemia. These results indicate the complicated roles of GluN2C in cerebral ischemia. In this minireview, we focus on these findings, describe the roles of GluN2C from different cell origins in ischemic damage, and explain the above inconsistent experimental results.
Development of a microporous annealed particle hydrogel for long‐term vocal fold augmentation
Authors: Pruett Lauren , Koehn Heather , Martz Teresa , Churnin Ian , Ferrante Sergio , Salopek Lisa , Cottler Patrick , Griffin Donald R. , Daniero James J. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study was to develop and provide evidence of a novel permanent injectable biomaterial for vocal fold augmentation with the potential to treat glottic incompetence by evaluating its performance in two animal models.Study DesignAnimal model.MethodsMicroporous annealed particle (MAP) hydrogel was fabricated using a water‐in‐oil emulsion method and synthetically tuned to match the stiffness modulus of native vocalis muscle. Thirty‐two New Zealand White rabbits were administered unilateral injections of MAP (n = 16), saline (n = 8), and the clinical standard hyaluronic acid (Restylane‐L) (n = 8), and evaluated at day 0, and 6‐week, 4‐month, and 6‐month endpoints. Induced vocal fold vibration was recorded with a high‐speed camera prior to euthanization, with glottic closure and mucosal wave characteristics assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively by an experienced voice clinician. Histologic analysis was performed to assess scaffold permanence, immunogenicity, and vascularization within the scaffold.ResultsHistologic analysis confirmed the MAP gel treatment group maintained its volume without migration for 6 months postimplantation. Immune staining showed minimal to nonexistent immunogenicity over the course of the implant lifetime. Extensive tissue integration and vascularization was observed histologically within the MAP gel group by immunofluorescence staining. Mucosal wave was not impaired by any of the injected materials, including the MAP gel augmentation.ConclusionsMAP gel is a nonresorbable biostimulatory injectable implant that provides superior tissue integration, stiffness matching, and permanence compared to current injectable implants, with retained biomechanical function, suggesting its potential as a new therapeutic for glottic incompetence.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:2432–2441, 2020