bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary Team Care in the Surgical Management of Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Grayson Jessica W. , Nayak Agnish , Winder Mark , Jonker Benjamin , Alvarado Raquel , Barham Henry , McCormack Ann , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective Despite multidisciplinary care being commonly recommended, there remains limited evidence supporting its benefits in pituitary disease management. This study aimed to assess the impact of multidisciplinary care in pituitary surgery.
Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed comparing pituitary surgery outcomes among consecutive patients within a quaternary referral center in 5 years before and after introduction of a multidisciplinary team (MDT). Primary outcomes were endocrine (transient diabetes insipidus [DI], syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone [SIADH], and new hypopituitarism) and surgical (cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] leak, epistaxis, intracranial hemorrhage, and meningitis) complications, length of hospital stay, and intrasellar residual tumor.
Results 279 patients (89 pre-MDT vs. 190 post-MDT) were assessed (age 54 ± 17 years, 48% female). Nonfunctioning adenomas were most common (54%). In the post-MDT era, more clinically functioning tumors (42 vs. 28%, p = 0.03) were treated. Transient DI and SIADH occurred less often post-MDT (20 vs. 36%, p < 0.01 and 18 vs. 39%, p < 0.01), as well as new hypothyroidism (5 vs. 15, p < 0.01). Hospital stay was shorter post-MDT (5[3] vs. 7[5] days, p < 0.001) and intrasellar residuals were less common (8 vs. 35%, p < 0.001). Complications were more frequent pre-MDT independent of tumor size, hormone status, and surgical technique (odds ratio [OR] = 2.14 [1.05–4.32], p = 0.04).
Conclusion Outcomes of pituitary surgery improved after the introduction of an MDT. Pituitary MDTs may benefit both patients and the health system by improving quality of care and reducing hospital stays.
Physiological changes during first encounters and their role in determining the perceived interaction quality
Authors: Rudnicki Konrad , Declerck Carolyn , De Backer Charlotte , Berth Mario 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhat determines if the first interaction between strangers will be a pleasant experience? We conducted an experiment to investigate the extent to which the perceived quality of an interaction is influenced by conversation content and context, and we document the physiological changes that are likely to play a role in establishing rapport. Females who did not know each other met in pairs and conducted a gossip- or creativity task, either face-to-face or online. The conversation content had no effect on the quality of online interactions. However in the face-to-face condition gossip was associated with better interaction quality. Tonic electrodermal activity steadily declined throughout the interaction, while phasic electrodermal activity first peaked and then returned to baseline. Neither were related to perceived interaction quality. Heart rate variability (HRV) dropped at first but then remained stable. A smaller drop in HRV drop corresponded to higher ratings of rapport and liking. Together these results suggest that gossip can improve the quality of a face-to-face interaction between strangers, and support the conjecture that parasympathetic activity is a marker of human openness to social engagement.
Morphology of wetting-layer states in a simple quantum-dot wetting-layer model
Authors: Eichelmann Marcel , Wiersig Jan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The excitation of semiconductor quantum dots often involves an attached wetting layer with delocalized single-particle energy eigenstates. These wetting-layer states are usually approximated by (orthogonalized) plane waves. We show that this approach is too crude. Even for a simple model based on the effective-mass approximation and containing one or a few lens-shaped quantum dots on a rectangular wetting layer, the wetting-layer states typically show a substantially irregular and complex morphology. To quantify this complexity we use concepts from the field of quantum chaos such as spectral analysis of energy levels, amplitude distributions, and localization of energy eigenstates.
Designing functional ferroelectric interfaces from first-principles: dipoles and band bending at oxide heterojunctions
Authors: Dorin Rusu , Filip Lucian Dragos , Pintilie Lucian , Butler Keith Tobias , Plugaru Neculai 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The fundamental phenomena at ferroelectric interfaces have been the subject of thorough theoretical and computational studies due to their usefulness in a large variety of emergent electronic devices, solar cells and catalysts. Ferroelectricity determines interface band-bending and shifts in electron energies, which can be beneficial or detrimental to device performance. However, the underlying mechanisms are still the subject of debate and investigation, as a deeper understanding of the electrochemistry is required to develop bona fide design principles for functional ferroelectric surfaces and interfaces. Here, using first principles calculations within the GGA + U formalism, we investigate the problem of band alignment in non-defective, asymmetric SrRuO3/PbTiO3/SrRuO3 capacitors with ultra-thin ferroelectric layers. The effects of the dielectric size on the polar distortion stability and interface-specific properties are analyzed. It is shown that the critical size of the dielectric for polarization switching is

≈
2

nm

(5 PbTiO3 u.c.). Below this limit there is no bulk-like region in the dielectric, the space charge accumulated at interfaces leads to the presence of gap states in the whole PbTiO3 layer and ferroelectricity vanishes. We draw the band alignment diagrams as given by the band line-up and band structure terms, as well as by taking Ti 3s semi-core states as reference. In the ferroelectric structures, both approaches predict a strong effect of band-bending on the type of contact, Schottky or Ohmic, at the asymmetric interfaces. The effect of interface states on the interface dipole amplitude and band alignment is discussed.
Measuring the temperature and heating rate of a single ion by imaging
Authors: Srivathsan Bharath , Fischer Martin , Alber Lucas , Weber Markus , Sondermann Markus , Leuchs Gerd 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present a technique based on high resolution imaging to measure the absolute temperature and the heating rate of a single ion trapped at the focus of a deep parabolic mirror. We collect the fluorescence light scattered by the ion during laser cooling and image it onto a camera. Accounting for the size of the point-spread function and the magnification of the imaging system, we determine the spatial extent of the ion, from which we infer the mean phonon occupation number in the trap. Repeating such measurements and varying the power or the detuning of the cooling laser, we determine the heating rate induced by any kind of effect other than photon scattering. In contrast to other established schemes for measuring the heating rate, the ion is always maintained in a state of thermal equilibrium at temperatures close to the Doppler limit.
Double-slit interferometry as a lossy beam splitter
Authors: Sadana Simanraj , Sanders Barry C , Sinha Urbasi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We cast diffraction-based interferometry in the framework of post-selected unitary description towards enabling it as a platform for quantum information processing (QIP). We express slit-diffraction as an infinite-dimensional transformation and truncate it to a finite-dimensional transfer matrix by post-selecting modes. Using such a framework with classical fields we show that a customized double-slit setup is effectively a lossy beam splitter in a post-selected sense. Diffraction optics provides a robust alternative to conventional multi-beam interferometry with scope for miniaturization, and also has applications in matter wave interferometry. In this work, the classical treatment of slit-diffraction sets the stage for quantization of fields and implementing higher-dimensional QIP like that done with other platforms such as orbital angular momentum.
ν’s in Particle Physics and Cosmology
Authors: Nasri Salah 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We propose a minimal scale-invariant (SI) scotogenic model and study its phenomenological implications. The SI scotogenic predicts a singlet scalar (dilaton) that triggers electroweak symmetry breaking and sources the lepton number violation that allows radiative neutrino mass. A viable parameter space is found for dark matter candidate and the observed neutrino oscillation. The model can be probed in lepton flavor violating processes, future dark matter direct detection experiments, and collider searches.
B − L violating interactions in supersymmetric SO(10) models
Authors: Nath Pran , Syed Raza M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An analysis is given of B − L violating interactions in SO(10) arising from the integration of

10
+

10

¯

of SU(5) of heavy Higgs. The analysis is done within the well defined missing partner model where the doublet-triplet splitting arises naturally. The Higgs representations of the model consist of two 10-plets, one 120, one 210 plet and a

126
+

126

¯

representations of SO(10). The SO(10) symmetry is spontaneously broken by the singlet in the

126
+

126

¯

and 210. In this work we focus on the B−L interactions arising from the elimination of

10
+

10

¯

plets of SU(5). We compute five field and six field B−L violating operators. The analysis extends previous analyses where B−L violating interactions arising from the elimination of

5
+

5
¯

and

45
+

45

¯

were computed. Specifically we compute dimension 6, 7 and 9 operators. These interactions can generate GUT scale baryogengesis, proton decay, and

n
−

n
¯

oscillations.
(2+1) dimensional cosmological models in f(R, T) gravity with (R, T)
Authors: Islam Safiqul , Kumar Praveen , Khadekar G.S. , Das Tapas K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We intend to study a new class of cosmological models in f(R, T) modified theories of gravity, hence define the cosmological constant as a function of the trace of the stress energy-momentum-tensor T and the Ricci scalar R, and name such a model Λ(R, T) gravity where we have specified a certain form of Λ(R, T). Λ(R, T) is also defined in the perfect fluid and dust case. Some physical and geometric properties of the model are also discussed. The pressure, density and energy conditions are studied both when Λ is a positive constant and when Λ = Λ(t), i.e a function of cosmological time, t. We study behavior of some cosmological quantities such as Hubble and deceleration parameters. The model is innovative in the sense that it has been described in terms of both R and T and display better understanding of the cosmological observations.
Theoretical electronic structure with rovibrational and dipole moment calculation of the SiS Molecule
Authors: El Kasty Hind , Zeid Israa , El-Kork Nayla , Korek Mahmoud 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The quantitative distribution of the molecular abundances in the universe is a classical problem in astronomy, astrophysics and cosmo-chemistry. Astrophysicists are interested in determining the abundances of molecular species in order to: (1) Know the primordial composition of the solar system, and its relation to the past and present composition of the earth. (2) Have a complete understanding of physical and chemical processes taking place in the stellar atmospheres and the interstellar medium (3) Test the hypotheses that have been proposed for element formation. To investigate the presence of astronomical sources, experimental astrophysicists usually study the wavelength and intensity of light that they emit. Many diatomic molecular species are present in various astrophysical sources, however, the theoretical studies on such species are not enough and information is missing in that area. Knowledge of the electronic structure, Franck-Condon factors (FCFs), and other related quantities for a band system of a diatomic molecule is essential to arrive at its astrophysically significant parameters such as kinetics of the energy transfer, radiative lifetimes, band intensity, vibrational temperature, etc. In this view, the spectroscopic and ro-vibrational constants, FCFs of several electronic states of the diatomic molecule SiS electronic have been evaluated in this work. We performed theoretical calculation of the low-lying electronic state, of the molecule SiS by using the Complete Active Space Self Consistent Field (CASSCF) method followed by the Multi Reference Configuration Interaction with Davidson correction MRCI+Q. The potential energy along with the dipole moment curves of these states have been calculated along with the spectroscopic constants Re, ωe, Be, and Te. Additionally, the Rotation-vibration lines for the considered electronic states were obtained by direct solution of the nuclear motion Schrödinger equation using the canonical approach with program Rovib-1
Increased deep soil respiration detected despite reduced overall respiration in permafrost peat plateaus following wildfire
Authors: Gibson Carolyn M , Estop-Aragonés Cristian , Flannigan Mike , Thompson Dan K , Olefeldt David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Wildfire in boreal permafrost peatlands causes a thickening and warming of the seasonally thawed active layer, exposing large amounts of soil carbon to microbial processes and potential release as greenhouse gases. In this study, conducted in the discontinuous permafrost zone of western Canada, we monitored soil thermal regime and soil respiration throughout the 2016 growing season at an unburned peat plateau and two nearby peat plateaus that burned 16 and 9 years prior to the study. Maximum seasonal soil temperature at 40 cm depth was 4 °C warmer in the burned sites, and active layers were ∼90 cm thicker compared to the unburned site. Despite the deeper and warmer seasonally thawed active layer, we found higher soil respiration in the unburned site during the first half of the growing season. We partitioned soil respiration into contribution from shallow and deep peat using a model driven by soil temperatures at 10 and 40 cm depths. Cumulative estimated deep soil respiration throughout the growing season was four times greater in the burned sites than in the unburned site, 32 and 8 g C m−2 respectively. Concurrently, cumulative shallow soil respiration was estimated to be lower in the burned than unburned site, 49 and 80 g C m−2 respectively, likely due to the removal of the microbially labile soil carbon in the shallow peat. Differences in deep contribution to soil respiration were supported by radiocarbon analysis in fall. With effects of wildfire on soil thermal regime lasting for up to 25 years in these ecosystems, we conclude that increased loss of deep, old, soil carbon during this period is of similar magnitude as the direct carbon losses from combustion during wildfire and thus needs to be considered when assessing overall impact of wildfire on carbon cycling in permafrost peatlands.
Terahertz continuum generation in the LCS (Lieb) lattice
Authors: Jin Qiutong , Andersen David R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rabi oscillations in two-level Dirac systems have been shown to alter the frequency content of the system’s nonlinear response. In particular, when considering Rabi oscillations in a quantum model beyond the semiclassical Boltzmann theory, even harmonics may be generated despite the centrosymmetric nature of these systems. This effect magnifies with increasing excitation intensity. In this work, we extend the Rabi theory to a three-level Dirac system arising from a line-centered-square optical lattice. In this case, the Dirac cones are bisected at the Dirac point by a flat band that persists throughout the Brillioun zone. Due to the presence of this flat band, we expect a significant enhancement of the coupling between Dirac states, resulting in a large increase of the Rabi effects and the associated nonlinearities, leading to continuum generation of terahertz radiation.
Optimism and Pain Interference in Aging Women
Authors: Judge Stephanie T , Clasey Jody L , Crofford Leslie J , Segerstrom Suzanne C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Pain interferes with people’s daily lives and often limits the extent to which they can pursue goals and engage in activities that promote well-being. However, people vary in how much interference they experience at a given level of pain.

Purpose
The present study tested how optimism affects and is affected by pain interference and goal-directed activity among older women.

Methods
Every 3 months for 2 years, community-dwelling middle- and older-age women (N = 199) completed online daily diaries at home for a 7 day period, in which they reported their daily pain, pain interference, and goal-directed activity. Optimism was measured at the start and end of the study. Multilevel models tested the between- and within-person relationships among pain, optimism, and pain interference or goal-directed activity. Linear regression predicted change in optimism over 2 years from pain interference and goal-directed activity.

Results
Pain best predicted pain interference and optimism best predicted goal-directed activity. There were subtle interactions between optimism and pain-predicting interference and goal-directed activity. Accumulated goal-directed activity and pain interference across the study predicted longitudinal changes in optimism, with higher activity and lower pain interference predicting increased optimism over 2 years.

Conclusions
Optimism may play a protective role in disruptions caused by pain on a day-to-day basis, leading to increased goal-directed activity and possibly decreased pain interference. In turn, less interference and more goal-directed activity feed forward into increased optimism, resulting in a virtuous cycle that enhances optimism and well-being among older women.
Photosynthesis: basics, history and modelling
Authors: Stirbet Alexandrina , Lazár Dušan , Guo Ya , Govindjee Govindjee 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundWith limited agricultural land and increasing human population, it is essential to enhance overall photosynthesis and thus productivity. Oxygenic photosynthesis begins with light absorption, followed by excitation energy transfer to the reaction centres, primary photochemistry, electron and proton transport, NADPH and ATP synthesis, and then CO2 fixation (Calvin–Benson cycle, as well as Hatch–Slack cycle). Here we cover some of the discoveries related to this process, such as the existence of two light reactions and two photosystems connected by an electron transport ‘chain’ (the Z-scheme), chemiosmotic hypothesis for ATP synthesis, water oxidation clock for oxygen evolution, steps for carbon fixation, and finally the diverse mechanisms of regulatory processes, such as ‘state transitions’ and ‘non-photochemical quenching’ of the excited state of chlorophyll a.ScopeIn this review, we emphasize that mathematical modelling is a highly valuable tool in understanding and making predictions regarding photosynthesis. Different mathematical models have been used to examine current theories on diverse photosynthetic processes; these have been validated through simulation(s) of available experimental data, such as chlorophyll a fluorescence induction, measured with fluorometers using continuous (or modulated) exciting light, and absorbance changes at 820 nm (ΔA820) related to redox changes in P700, the reaction centre of photosystem I.ConclusionsWe highlight here the important role of modelling in deciphering and untangling complex photosynthesis processes taking place simultaneously, as well as in predicting possible ways to obtain higher biomass and productivity in plants, algae and cyanobacteria.
Plasma membrane receptor-like kinases and transporters are associated with 2,4-D resistance in wild radish
Authors: Goggin Danica E , Bringans Scott , Ito Jason , Powles Stephen B 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsResistance to the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) appears to be due to a complex, multifaceted mechanism possibly involving enhanced constitutive plant defence and alterations in auxin signalling. Based on a previous gene expression analysis highlighting the plasma membrane as being important for 2,4-D resistance, this study aimed to identify the components of the leaf plasma membrane proteome that contribute to resistance.MethodsIsobaric tagging of peptides was used to compare the plasma membrane proteomes of a 2,4-D-susceptible and a 2,4-D-resistant wild radish population under control and 2,4-D-treated conditions. Eight differentially abundant proteins were then targeted for quantification in the plasma membranes of 13 wild radish populations (two susceptible, 11 resistant) using multiple reaction monitoring.Key ResultsTwo receptor-like kinases of unknown function (L-type lectin domain-containing receptor kinase IV.1-like and At1g51820-like) and the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCB19, an auxin efflux transporter, were identified as being associated with auxinic herbicide resistance. The variability between wild radish populations suggests that the relative contributions of these candidates are different in the different populations.ConclusionsTo date, no receptor-like kinases have been reported to play a role in 2,4-D resistance. The lectin-domain-containing kinase may be involved in perception of 2,4-D at the plasma membrane, but its ability to bind 2,4-D and the identity of its signalling partner(s) need to be confirmed experimentally. ABCB19 is known to export auxinic compounds, but its role in 2,4-D resistance in wild radish appears to be relatively minor.
Nectar as manipulator: how nectar traits influence changes in pollinator groups of Aechmea vanhoutteana, a bromeliad from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Zambon Vivian , Agostini Kayna , Nepi Massimo , Rossi Mônica Lanzoni , Martinelli Adriana Pinheiro , Sazima Marlies 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNectar is an important floral resource in the establishment of plant-pollinator interactions. Recent studies have shown that nectariferous tissues are independent of the ABC model of floral development and that ecological interactions can modify their expression. In this sense, it would be interesting to study generalist species in relation to nectar production and nectary morpho-anatomy to verify the strategies used to attract different pollinator groups. We recorded nectar production dynamics in Aechmea vanhoutteana (Bromeliaceae) from a morpho-functional and ultrastructural perspective. We observed different species of hummingbirds, bees and butterflies visiting flowers of A.vanhoutteana, and their frequency varied throughout floral anthesis. The nectar volume and quantity of sugar also varied significantly during anthesis, and this spatial and temporal variability seems to be related to an increase in bee visits, representing an important aspect of the reproductive strategy of this species, since bees can fly longer distances than the observed hummingbirds (although both have territorial behaviours). Thus, it can be suggested that anatomical and physiological nectar traits may be related to pollen flow, an important aspect of the reproductive strategy of A. vanhoutteana, suggesting plant resource allocation for optimizing reproduction through nectar production.