bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Markers Associated with Antimalarial Drug Resistance and Haemoglobin Genotypes Among Malaria Patients in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Benjamin Gideon Yakusak , Inabo Helen Ileigo , Muhammad Hassan Isa Doko , Olayinka Busayo O 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Malaria is a disease of public health concern in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa. The emergence of drug resistance, particularly among P. falciparum strains, has been a major contributor to the global burden of malaria. This research was aimed at detecting genetic markers associated with antimalarial drug resistance and assessing the distribution of haemoglobin genotypes among malaria patients in of Kaduna State, Nigeria.Methods Three hundred (300) blood samples were collected from consenting individuals attending selected hospitals, in the three senatorial districts of Kaduna State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain relevant data from the study participants. The samples were screened for malaria parasites by microscopy and malaria rapid diagnostic test kit. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from one third of the malaria positive samples, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used for detection of the drug resistance genes. Pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfdhfr, pfdhps and pfatpase6 genes were detected at expected amplicon sizes from the malaria positive samples. The pfatpase6 PCR amplicons were sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was created using MEGA X to determine their relatedness to published sequences.Results Pfcrt (80%) had the highest prevalence, followed by pfdhfr (60%), pfmdr1 (36%) and pfdhps (8%). Pfatpase6 was also detected in 73.3% of the samples. The phylogenetic tree showed that all the pfatpase6 gene sequences (both the ones from this study and those published in NCBI Genbank) had the same origin and were closely related. However, the sequences from NCBI Genbank were from one clade; arising from a common ancestor (monophyletic) thus they were more closely related to themselves, than to the pfatpase6 sequences obtained in this study. Of all the malaria positive participants, those with HbAA (73%) haemoglobin genotype had the highest percentage followed by HbAS (23%), HbAC (3%) and HbSS (1).Conclusion We detected Plasmodium falciparum genes associated with drug resistance to commonly used antimalarials in the study area. Expression of these genes could have serious consequences in the treatment of malaria. Persons with HbAS, HbAC and HbSS may enjoy some protection from falciparum malaria than those with HbAA.
Next Generation Exome Sequencing of paediatric Asthma Identifies Rare and Novel Variants in Candidate Genes
Authors: Bogari Neda , Amin Amr A , Rayes Husni H , Abdelmotelb Ahmed , Taher Mohiuddin M , Al-Allaf Faisal A. , Bouazzaoui Abdellatif , O’Gorman Luke , Holloway John W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Multiple genes have been implicated to have a role in asthma predisposition by association studies. Paediatric patients often manifest more extensive disease and a particularly severe disease course. It is likely that genetic predisposition could play a more substantial role in this group. This study aims to identify the spectrum of rare and novel variation in known paediatric asthma susceptibility genes using whole exome sequencing-analysis in nine individual cases of childhood onset allergic asthma. Data were processed through an analytical pipeline to align sequence reads, conduct quality checks, identify and annotate variants where patient sequence differed from the reference sequence. Results: DNA samples from the nine children with a history of bronchial asthma diagnosis underwent targeted exome capture and sequencing. For each patient, the entire complement of rare variation within strongly associated candidate genes was catalogued. The analysis showed 21 variants in the subjects, 13 had been previously identified and 8 were novel. Also, amongst of which, nineteen were non-synonymous and 2 were nonsense. With regard to the novel variants, the 2 non-synonymous variants in the PRKG1 gene (PRKG1: p.C519W and PRKG1: p.G520W) were presented in 4 cases, and a non-synonymous variant in the MAVS gene (MAVS: p.A45V) was identified in 3 cases. The variants we found in this study will enrich the variants spectrum and build up the database in the Saudi population. Novel eight variants were identified in the study which provides more evidence in the genetic susceptibility in asthma among Saudi children.Conclusion: Screening a cohort of Saudi children for molecular identification of polymorphisms associated with allergic asthmatic response. These, together with the clinical phenotypes, revealed genetic determinants for paediatric asthma and also we compared to the similar previous reports. Providing a genetic screening map for the molecular genetic determinants of allergic disease in Saudi children, with the goal of reducing the impact of chronic diseases on the health and the economy. We belief that the advanced specified statistical filtration/annotation programs used in this study succeeded to release such results in preliminary study, exploring the genetic map of that disease in Saudi children.
Valgus Knee Braces May Have No Long-term Effect on Pain Improvement and Functional Activity in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Fan Yinuo , Li zhongfeng , Zhang Haitao , Hong Guoju , Wu Zhongshu , Li Weifeng , Chen Lixin , Wu Yunlong , Wei Qiushi , He Wei , Chen Zhenqiu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:KOA as a high incidence of old age seriously affects the quality of life of the elderly. The valgus knee bracesareaimportantphysical therapy for KOA, but its specific effect is not clear.This meta-analysisis to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of valgus knee braces on pain and function improvement in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods :A meta-analysis of clinical randomized controlled trials(RCTs) on pain and functional changes in patients with KOA after using valgus knee braces. The search period is from the self-built database to May 2020, and the search range is PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. First, two authors independently screened the literature, formulated inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, and determined the included literature. The researchers then extracted the interventions and outcome indicators of included literature, and assessed the risk of bias through Cochrane Handbook 5.0.1. Finally, Revman5.3 was used for data analysis.Results :A total of 10 articles were included in this study, including 739 patients. 8 articles related to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score, the results showed that RR = -0.29, 95% CI [-0.73, 0.15], P = 0.20; There were 4 articles on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) function score, the results showed that RR = -0.15, 95% CI [-0.41,0.11], P = 0.26; Two articles related to the impact of Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) score, the results showed that RR = 0.58, 95% CI [-4.25, 5.42], P = 0.81; 3articles were related to KOOS activities of daily living (KOOS-ADL) score, the results showed that RR = 0.04, 95% CI [-0.62,0.69], P = 0.91.These results indicated that the valgus knee braces have no statistically significant in pain and functional activity improvement of patients with KOA. The subgroup analysis showed that the follow-up time was the source of the heterogeneity of the VAS pain score. Conclusion :The current evidence suggests that valgus knee braces may not effectively improve pain symptom and functional activity in KOA patients in the long-term, but only benefit KOA patients in the short-term.
Effects of long-term and brain-wide colonization of peripheral bone-marrow derived myeloid cells in the CNS
Authors: Hohsfield Lindsay A. , Najafi Allison R. , Ghorbanian Yasamine , Soni Neelakshi , Hingco Edna E. , Kim Sung Jin , Jue Ayer Darling , Swarup Vivek , Inlay Mathew A. , Green Kim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Microglia, the primary resident myeloid cells of brain, play critical roles in immune defense by maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to injury or disease. However, microglial activation and dysfunction has been implicated in a number of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, thus developing tools to manipulate and replace these myeloid cells in CNS is of therapeutic interest.
Methods
Using whole body irradiation, bone marrow transplant, and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibition, we achieve long-term and brain-wide (~ 80%) engraftment and colonization of peripheral bone marrow-derived myeloid cells (i.e. monocytes) in the brain parenchyma and evaluated the long-term effects of their colonization in the CNS.
Results
Here, we identify a monocyte signature that includes an upregulation in Ccr1, Ms4a6b, Ms4a6c, Ms4a7, Apobec1, Lyz2, Mrc1, Tmem221, Tlr8, Lilrb4a, Msr1, Nnt, and Wdfy1, and a downregulation of Siglech, Slc2a5, and Ccl21a/b. We demonstrate that irradiation and long-term (~ 6 months) engraftment of the CNS by monocytes induces brain-region dependent alterations in transcription profiles, astrocytes, neuronal structures, including synaptic components, and cognition. Although our results show that microglial replacement with peripheral derived myeloid cells is feasible and that irradiation-induced changes can be reversed by the replacement of microglia with monocytes in the hippocampus, we also observe that brain-wide engraftment of peripheral myeloid cells (relying on irradiation) can result in cognitive and synaptic deficits.
Conclusions
These findings provide insight into better understanding the role and complexity of myeloid cells in the brain, including their regulation of other CNS cells and functional outcomes.
Microbial Predominance and Antimicrobial Resistance in a Tertiary Hospital: A Six-year Retrospective study from Outpatients and Patients Visiting the Emergency Department
Authors: Wang CaiFeng , Li Wen , Gao Juanjuan , Zhang Dancheng , Li Yali , Li Fang , Lei Jine 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective: To assessing the characteristics of of microbial species and the antimicrobial resistance in a Tertiary Hospital with 49 outpatient clinics and emergency department in Northwestern China, of six years. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using HIS database of a tertiary hospital between the full-year period of 2013 and 2018. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted by automated systems and/or the Kary-Bauer disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed using the WHONET 5.6 software. The Cochran–Armitage test was used to study the trends over the period. Results: A total of 19,028 specimens were submitted for the laboratory tests of microbiology. Among 49 units, only Emergency Department and Kidney Transplantation Clinic with the number of submission showed a significant increase annually (P<0.001). A total of 3,849 non-repetitive isolates were identified, covering more than 200 species, of which gram-positive cocci accounted for 46.4% and gram-negative bacilli 45.3%. The methicillin-resistant rates of S. aureus and S. epidermidis were 25.1% and 74.6%, respectively. The isolates of 60.9% of E. coli and 33.5% of K. pneumonia contained extended spectrum β lactamases. Moreover, there were no Staphylococci and Enterococci resistant to linezolid, vancomycin and tigecycline. In addition, the percentages of E. coli, K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa isolates resistant to carbapenems were low (0.0%, 1.1% and 18.7%, respectively). Conclusion: Vancomycin, linezolid and tigecycline are among the most effective treatment for outpatients with gram-positive infection. Carbapenems are among the most effective for gram-negative infection. There is no significant annual increase of common multidrug resistances.
Postnatal inactivation of Shank3 expression is insufficient to produce behavioral phenotypes associated with germline deficiency
Authors: Hulbert Samuel William , Yan Haidun , Wang Xiaoming , Bey Alexandra L. , Lin Mary S. , Jiang Yong-hui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The developmental origins of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) remain largely unknown. To begin to answer this question, a few studies have implemented conditional gene expression technology to induce or rescue ASD-causing mutations at different times during mouse development. Methods: In the current study, we crossed a ubiquitously-expressed inducible Cre line with mice containing loxP sites surrounding Shank3 exons 4-22 (Shank3 e4-22flox). We then delivered tamoxifen to determine the effects of disrupting Shank3 expression during two different time periods in development. Results: We found that reducing Shank3 expression in fully developed mice had minimal effects on behaviors that are characteristic of the conventional knockout mice. Similarly, disrupting Shank3 expression during an earlier time period (postnatal day 10-21) did not induce behaviors associated with germline deficiency. However, we observed differences in electrophysiological phenotypes for the two groups of conditional knockout mice. Conclusions: Because inducing mutations in adult mice or during early postnatal development is insufficient to cause ASD-like behaviors, Shank3 may play a role even earlier in development, but limited efficiency of the disruption could have contributed to our negative results. We also report considerable mortality when delivering tamoxifen across several different routes of administration, bringing further attention to caution the use of this type of conditional gene expression technology in future studies.
Polyporus Polysaccharide Regulates Proliferation, Apoptosis and Migration of Bladder Cancer Cells by Polarizing Macrophages to M1 Subtype in Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Jia Wenyu , Luo Siwan , Lai Gena , Li Shiqi , Huo Shuai , Li Meifang , Zeng Xing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPolyporus polysaccharide, an active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicinal Polyporus umbellatus, has multiple biological functions, such as anti-cancer, immune-regulating and hepatoprotective activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of PPS activated macrophages in the treatment of bladder cancer.Methods100ng/mL Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was used to induce THP-1 human leukemic cells as a macrophage model. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of CD14 and CD68 to verify the establishment of macrophage model. After that, Macrophages derived from THP-1 were treated with different concentrations of PPS (1,10 and 100ug/mL). Flow cytometry and RT-PCR were used to detected the expression of CD16, CD23, CD86, CD40 and interleukin (IL)-Iβ, INOS, IL-6 mRNA. ELISA was used to test the change of IL-1β in macrophage after the treatment with PPS. The conditioned medium from PPS-polarized macrophages was used to detect the effect of activated macrophages on bladder cancer. MTT assay, 5-ethynyl-2¢-deoxyuridine assay, flow cytometry, Transwell assay, and Western blot analysis were used to detect the effects of polarized macrophages on the viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of bladder cancer cells. Western blot was also used to analysis the change of JAK2/NF-κB pathway protein.ResultsPPS promoted the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, such as IL-Iβ and IL-6, and surface molecules CD86, CD16, CD23, and CD40 in macrophages and then polarized macrophages to M1 type. The results demonstrated that activated macrophages inhibited the proliferation of bladder cancer cells, regulated their apoptosis, and inhibited migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT). JAK2/NF-κB pathways were downregulated in the anti-bladder cancer process of activated macrophages. ConclusionThe findings indicated that PPS inhibited the proliferation and progression of bladder cancer by the polarization of macrophages to M1 type, and the JAK2/NF-κB pathway was involved in the anti-tumor process of bladder cancer.
Application of Seismic Multi-Attribute Inversion Based on Wireless Network Sensor in Dongying Delta Foreset
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Wang Cui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Seismic attributes, which are extracted from seismic information, are physical indexes used specificallyfor the measurement of geometric, dynamic, or statistical characteristics of seismic data. Current methods for seismic multi-attribute inversion include linear and nonlinear methods. By adopting the wireless module of NFC24l01, combined with the seismic data acquisition sensor, constitutes an intelligent network sensor, and then it sends the collected data to the topmost machine for analysis. Methods for the nonlinear inversion of seismic multi-attributes usually employ tools such as neural networks and support vector machines (SVMs)for mapping. Hence, inversion results obtained via nonlinear methodsare more accurate than those obtained via linear methods. In this work, with spontaneous-potential (SP) curves as the objective of nonlinear inversion, an optimized seismic attribute combination for the inversion of SP curves was identified, and the nonlinear inversion of seismic multi-attributes was achieved via the use of a deep neural network (DNN) to obtain 3D SP data. Finally, the foresetting process of a sand body of the intermediate section in Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Delta was illustrated via the horizon slice of the SP data.
Psychological Distress and Its Associated Risks Among People Who Use Drugs in Cambodia
Authors: Saing Chan Hang , Prem Kiesha , Uk Ponha , Chann Navy , Chhoun Pheak , Mun Phalkun , Tuot Sovannary , Yi Siyan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: People who use drugs are at a disproportionately higher risk of mental disorders as a consequence of prolonged exposures to social and psychological issues. However, studies on mental health among people who use drugs in resource-constrained countries are scarce. This study sheds lights on the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia.Methods: This national survey was conducted in 12 provinces in 2017 using the Respondent Driven Sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used for face-to-face interviews. Psychological distress was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). A total score of GHQ-12 > 2 indicated high psychological distress. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine factors associated with psychological distress.Results: This study included 1677 people who use drugs who had an average age of 28.6 years (SD = 7.8). Of the total sample, 41.9% had high psychological distress – 49.7% in women and 37.3% in men. In the regression model, the odds of having high psychological distress was significantly higher among participants who were 25–34 years old (AOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.01–1.70) and 35 years and above (AOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.19–2.35), had been to a drug rehabilitation center (AOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.48–2.86), had been insulted by family members (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.62–2.70), and had been sexually harassed/abused by someone (AOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.38–2.36). The odds of having high psychological distress was significantly lower among participants who were male (AOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.41–0.69), lived in own dwelling (AOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.41–0.77), reported injecting as the mode of first drug use (AOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34–0.91), and had someone taking care of when getting sick when they were growing up (AOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.47–0.99).Conclusions: This study documents a high prevalence of psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia. Older people who use drugs and those in more vulnerable subpopulations were more likely to exhibit a higher level of psychological distress. Interventions that attempt to address mental health issues among people who use drugs should be gender- and age-sensitive and target more marginalized subpopulations.
Sulfasalazine Modifies Metabolic Profiles and Enhances Cisplatin Chemosensitivity on Cholangiocarcinoma Cells in in vitro and in vivo models
Authors: Thanee Malinee , Padthaisong Sureerat , Suksawat Manida , Dokduang Hasaya , Phetcharaburanin Jutarop , Klanrit Poramate , Titapun Attapol , Namwat Nisana , ngiamwibool Prakasit Sa- , Khuntikeo Narong , Saya Hideyuki , Loilome Watcharin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Sulfasalazine (SSZ) is widely known as an xCT inhibitor suppressing CD44v9 expressed cancer stem like cells (CSCs) being related to redox regulation. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has a high recurrence rate and no effective chemotherapy. A recent report revealed high levels of CD44v9 positive cells in CCA patients. Therefore, a combination of drugs could prove a suitable strategy for CCA treatment via individual metabolic profiling. Methods: We examined the effect of xCT-targeted CD44v9-CSCs using sulfasalazine combined with cisplatin (CIS) or gemcitabine in CCA in vitro and in vivo model and did NMR-based metabolomics of xenograft mice tumor tissues. Results: Our findings suggest that combined SSZ and CIS leads to a higher inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of cell death than CIS alone in both in vitro and in vivo models. Xenograft mice showed that the CD44v9-CSC marker and CK-19-CCA proliferative marker were reduced in the combination treatment. Interestingly, different metabolic signatures and the significant metabolites were observed in the drug treated group compared with the control group that revealed the cancer suppression mechanisms. Conclusions: Taken together, SSZ could improve CCA therapy by sensitization to CIS through killing CD44v9-positive cells and modifying the metabolic pathways, in particular tryptophan degradation (i.e. kynurenine pathway, serotonin pathway) and nucleic acid metabolism.
Mixed Type of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: Outcomes and Novel Classification
Authors: xiang ming , Wu Chun , Pan Zhengxia , Wang Quan , Xi Linyun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
PurposeTo summarize the diagnosis and treatment of 13 patients with mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) and propose a novel classification for mixed TAPVC.MethodsA retrospective review of 13 patients with mixed TAPVC undergoing repair at a single institution was conducted between January 2000 and November 2019. The diagnosis of mixed-type TAPVC was made in all patients using echocardiography combined with computed tomography angiography. According to the mixed TAPVC anatomy, there were 3 patients with type I TAPVC (2+2 veins), 10 patients with type II TAPVC (3+1 veins) and no patients with type III TAPVC. Correspondingly, there was 1 patient with the “SVC+VV” subtype, 2 patients with the “CS+C” subtype, 8 patients with the “CS+VV” subtype, 1 patient with the “CS+SVC” subtype and 1 patient with the “RA+SVC” subtype according to our classification system. All patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.ResultsThe median weight at surgery was 4.6±1.0 kg (3.4-7.3 kg), and the median age at surgery was 96.2±81.2 days (10-242 days). The median cardiopulmonary bypass time was 132.7±25.1 minutes (range, 100 to 190 min). The cross-clamping time was 69.2±14.4 minutes (range, 45 to 88 min). The hospital mortality rate was 7.7% (1 of 13), with late mortality occurring in 1 patient because of pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO) 7 months after surgery. The average follow-up after surgery was 3.4 ± 2.2 years (range, 5 months to 8 years). The survival rates at 3 and 5 years were both 90.9% ± 8.7% (95% CI: 73.8%-108%). All remaining surviving patients were asymptomatic.ConclusionMixed TAPVC can be repaired with good results in children and can be correctly diagnosed with echocardiography combined with computed tomography angiography. The classification system we propose is pragmatic and can guide the surgical approach.