bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cacao capitalism in coastal Ecuador: Production processes and accumulation in non‐transitionary agrarian capitalism during the long 19th century
Authors: Fenton Robert P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHistories of agrarian capitalism have often been constrained by the implications of Robert Brenner's work on the subject. This essay, employing archival and secondary research on Ecuador's long 19th century experiences with cacao capitalism, argues that production processes and localized forms of accumulation, rather than class structure and legal relations, should be included in our definition of the concept. By focusing on how fixed capital in cacao trees and the production of the yearly cacao commodity responded to global demand and local material conditions, I propose amplifying the concept of agrarian capitalism, as well as a rethinking of coastal Ecuador's history of capitalist development. I highlight how both absolute and relative forms of surplus value generation coexisted in coastal Ecuador's cacao haciendas, while demonstrating how financial instruments used for extending the cacao frontier undermined the prospects for long‐term growth.
Serum CA19‐9, CA‐125 and CEA as tumor markers for mucinous ovarian tumors
Authors: Lertkhachonsuk Arb‐aroon , Buranawongtrakoon Supree , Lekskul Navamol , Rermluk Naparat , Wee‐Stekly Wei‐Wei , Charakorn Chuenkamon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo analyze the use of serum cancer antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9), cancer antigen 125 (CA‐125) and carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA) in predicting the malignant potential of mucinous ovarian tumor, and to assess the clinical factors associated with these tumors.MethodsThis retrospective study collected the data from 314 patients who were diagnosed with mucinous ovarian tumor. These patients had preoperative serum CA19‐9, CA‐125, CEA available and underwent surgery at Ramathibodi Hospital between January 2010 and December 2016. The diagnostic performance of CA19‐9, CA‐125 and CEA was analyzed using the receiver operator characteristic curve. The associations between clinicopathological factors and serum CA19‐9, CA‐125 and CEA level were also analyzed.ResultsA total of 314 patients were recruited in this study. They consisted of 221 patients with benign mucinous ovarian tumor (70.38%), 65 patients with borderline mucinous ovarian tumor (20.70%) and 28 patients with mucinous ovarian carcinoma (8.92%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the tumor size, elevated serum CA19‐9, CA‐125 and CEA influenced the tumor pathology. The mucinous ovarian tumor with large tumor size, elevated serum CA19‐9, CA‐125 and CEA more than the cut off values showed a positive correlation with the risk ratio of 1.60 (95% CI = 1.13–2.28; P = 0.005), 1.74 (95% CI = 1.22–2.47; P = 0.002), 1.90 (95% CI = 1.34–2.70; P < 0.001), 1.58 (95% CI = 1.10–2.29; P = 0.020), respectively. CA‐125 provided the highest diagnostic performance, with an area under receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.745, to differentiate between borderline, malignant or benign mucinous ovarian tumor.ConclusionPreoperative elevation of the serum CA19‐9, CA‐125, CEA and tumor size are useful predictors to differentiate between benign, borderline and malignant mucinous ovarian tumor. The best predictor is CA‐125, followed by CA19‐9 and CEA.
Sex hormone‐binding globulin regulates glucose metabolism in human placental trophoblasts via cAMP/PKA/CREB1
Authors: Chi Xinshu , Feng Chong , Wang Xiaoyan , Jin Zhen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in human placental trophoblasts and involvement of the cAMP/PKA/CREB1 signaling pathway in these effects.MethodsAn insulin resistance cell model of human trophoblasts was established. An SHBG‐overexpression plasmid was transfected into these cells, and the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), CREB and p‐CREB was detected and analyzed in normal cells, model cells and all groups of transfected cells by real‐time PCR and western blotting; cAMP, PKA, glucose consumption and pyruvic acid levels were also detected.ResultsAmong the four groups, there was no significant difference in the expression of CREB mRNA or GLUT1 mRNA (P > 0.05); however, CREB, p‐CREB, GLUT1 protein, cAMP and PKA showed low expression (P < 0.05) and cell glucose consumption and pyruvate production were decreased (P < 0.05) in the model group, compared to the normal group. SHBG overexpression in insulin‐resistant cells partially increased the levels of p‐CREB, GLUT1, cAMP and PKA (P < 0.05). Intracellular glucose consumption and pyruvate production were nearly restored to the levels observed in cells from the normal group.ConclusionSex hormone‐binding globulin regulates GLUT1 expression via the cAMP/PKA/CREB1 pathway and affects glucose transport in the placenta, which can induce insulin resistance and gestational diabetes.
Missing decidual Doppler signals as a new diagnostic criterion for placenta accreta spectrum: A case described using superb microvascular imaging
Authors: Horinouchi Takashi , Yoshizato Toshiyuki , Kojiro‐Sanada Sakiko , Kozuma Yutaka , Yokomine Masato , Ushijima Kimio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present a case of a 34‐year‐old pregnant woman with a prior cesarean delivery presenting with placenta previa. Placenta previa accreta was diagnosed from missing decidual flow signals using superb microvascular imaging (SMI). At 31 weeks' gestation, B‐mode ultrasonography showed that the placenta was attached to the anterior uterine segment, extending over the internal cervical os. In normally appearing myometrium, SMI demonstrated double layers of flow signals underneath the placental basal plate, corresponding to myometrial and decidual flows. The thin myometrium located on the bladder where sonolucent zones were not visible revealed three different flow patterns in the Doppler signals underneath the basal plate as follows: double layers (both myometrium and decidual tissues present); a single layer (myometrium alone) or no layers (decidual tissues missing). A cesarean hysterectomy was performed at 37 weeks, and histology confirmed the presence of placenta accreta.
Desensitization strategy for hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin in five patients with gynecological cancer
Authors: Toyohara Yusuke , Sone Kenbun , Nishida Haruka , Taguchi Ayumi , Miyamoto Yuichiro , Tanikawa Michihiro , Mori Mayuyo , Tsuruga Tetsushi , Matsumoto Yoko , Oda Katsutoshi , Osuga Yutaka , Fujii Tomoyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimCarboplatin is a key drug for gynecologic cancers. However, hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) are major adverse effects that might necessitate carboplatin discontinuation. Desensitization is an effective method in patients who developed initial HSR and further required carboplatin treatment. Here, we aimed to evaluate our experience with the use of the carboplatin desensitization protocol in five patients at the University of Tokyo Hospital.MethodsWe established a four‐step, 5‐h desensitization protocol for our hospital. Observational and retrospective analyses were performed. Additionally, we have shared the patients' clinical information with the emergency department to ensure the safety of this protocol.ResultsFive patients with recurrent gynecological cancer were treated using this protocol. Four of the five patients were treated effectively and 28 of 29 desensitization protocols were completed successfully. In one patient, we switched to olaparib successfully after two courses of our protocol. One patient who developed grade 4 HSR during initial carboplatin administration developed grade 2 HSR and we discontinued the protocol.ConclusionThe carboplatin desensitization protocol is very efficient. The outcome of our protocol was on a par with other protocols. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to indicate that switching to olaparib can be considered a suitable option in patients who develop HSR to carboplatin.
Hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome affects psychological well‐being of adolescents
Authors: Besenek Mert , Gurlek Beril 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinological disorder in reproductive age and criterion have recently been revised for adolescent age group. Research regarding effects of PCOS on psychological well‐being is limited; and majority of the studies are conducted in adult patients. We aimed to examine psychological effects of PCOS in adolescents who are diagnosed using latest criterion.MethodsCases were divided into PCOS and control groups according to their clinical, ultrasonographical and biochemical features. Beck depression inventory (BDI), State & Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI‐I/II), Self‐Confidence Scale (SCS), Multidimensional Peer‐Victimization Scale (MPVS) and Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS‐A) were used in psychiatric evaluation.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between groups regarding psychiatric scale scores. However, several biochemical parameters (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17‐hydroxyprogesterone) and clinical (Ferriman–Gallwey score [FGS]) of hyperandrogenism affected certain indicators of psychological well‐being such as social anxiety, low self‐esteem and peer victimization. In some psychiatric scales, biochemical indicators were found correlated while clinical indicators were not.ConclusionSimilar psychiatric scale scores between groups may indicate preliminary stages for adolescent PCOS in which endocrinological, physical and social factors have not yet reached their full potential for their effect on emergence of psychological problems; thus making this age group critical for interventions of prevention measures. In addition, while examining the effects of PCOS on psychological well‐being, biochemical parameters of hyperandrogenism might be as effective as physical manifestations (FGS); and high levels of biochemical parameters of hyperandrogenism might also affect psychological state.
Clinical characterization of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome in women based on the presence or absence of Hunner lesions and glomerulations
Authors: Watanabe Daiji , Akiyama Yoshiyuki , Niimi Aya , Nomiya Akira , Yamada Yuta , Sato Yusuke , Nakamura Masaki , Kawai Taketo , Yamada Daisuke , Suzuki Motofumi , Igawa Yasuhiko , Kume Haruki , Homma Yukio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the clinical characteristics of three groups of female patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) classified according to the presence or absence of Hunner lesions (HL) and glomerulations.MethodsThe clinical records of 100 female patients with IC/BPS who underwent their first bladder hydrodistension at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into patients having (HL–IC; n = 57) or lacking (BPS; n = 43) HL. BPS patients were further classified as those with (29) and without (14) glomerulations. Among these three subtypes, demographics, comorbidities, symptom parameters including a visual analog scale for pain scores, O'Leary and Sant Symptom and Problem (OSSI/OSPI) Indices, frequency volume chart variables, and bladder capacity at hydrodistension were compared.ResultsHL–IC patients were older and had higher OSSI/OSPI scores, greater daytime frequency and nocturia, reduced maximum and average voided volumes, and smaller bladder capacity at hydrodistension compared with BPS patients. Pain intensity and illness duration were comparable among the three groups. HL–IC patients had autoimmune disorders as comorbidities more often, but had psychiatric disorders and irritable bowel syndrome less often compared with BPS patients. No discernible differences in clinical characteristics of symptom severity and comorbid disorders were evident between BPS patients with and without glomerulations.ConclusionsThe presence of HL is associated with distinctive clinical characteristics, while glomerulations are not in female patients with IC/BPS. The presence of HL, but not glomerulations, is a robust phenotypic feature of IC/BPS in women.
Anthropogenic injuries disrupt social associations of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Sarasota Bay, Florida
Authors: Greenfield Michelle R. , McHugh Katherine A. , Wells Randall S. , Rubenstein Daniel I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSocial connectivity is important for measuring the fitness of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). While interactions in fission‐fusion societies vary between individuals, studies show that repeated interactions enhance reproduction and foraging success. Injuries that potentially remove an individual from its association network may disrupt these interactions. Using data from the long‐term resident dolphin community in Sarasota Bay, Florida, we investigated how anthropogenic injuries affect the dolphins' social associations by examining the differences before and after injury to individuals. We examined group size, strength, eigenvector centrality, clustering coefficient, and number of triangles and analyzed whether the animal's sex, age class, type of injury, or human intervention affected these values. We found that while group size did not change, injured dolphins had fewer preferred associates (HWI > 0.14) and were found in more fluid groups immediately after injury, but started returning to normal association levels after 2 years. This initial decrease in connectivity was not related to the age, sex, type of injury, or intervention. Despite the fluidity in individual associations, the strongest bonds remained stable, those between mothers and calves and those between male alliance partners. These findings provide some of the first information relating injuries and social networks for animals.
Classification approaches for sorting maize (Zea mays subsp. mays) haploids using single‐kernel near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Gustin Jeffery L. , Frei Ursula K. , Baier John , Armstrong Paul , Lübberstedt Thomas , Settles A. Mark 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDoubled haploids (DHs) are an important breeding tool for creating maize inbred lines. One bottleneck in the DH process is the manual separation of haploids from among the much larger pool of hybrid siblings in a haploid induction cross. Here, we demonstrate the ability of single‐kernel near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (skNIR) to identify haploid kernels. The skNIR is a high‐throughput device that acquires an NIR spectrum to predict individual kernel traits. We collected skNIR data from haploid and hybrid kernels in 15 haploid induction crosses and found significant differences in multiple traits such as percent oil, seed weight, or volume, within each cross. The two kernel classes were separated by their NIR profile using Partial Least Squares Linear Discriminant Analysis (PLS‐LDA). A general classification model, in which all induction crosses were used in the discrimination model, and a specific model, in which only kernels within a specific induction cross, were compared. Specific models outperformed the general model and were able to enrich a haploid selection pool to above 50% haploids. Applications for the instrument are discussed.
Development of multiple cutaneous and follicular neoplasms associated with canine papillomavirus type 3 in a dog
Authors: Orbell Helen L. , Munday John S. , Orbell Geoffrey M. B. , Griffin Craig E. 
Published: August 2020

A 12‐year‐old spayed English pointer dog developed multiple skin lesions including pigmented viral plaques, basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas and trichoblastomas. Canine papillomavirus type 3 was detected in multiple lesions suggesting common aetiology.
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Different Bayesian Methods for Updating the Fatigue Crack Size Distribution in a Tubular Joint
Authors: Khalili H. , Oterkus S. , Barltrop N. , Bharadwaj U. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Offshore platforms are prone to fatigue damage. To evaluate the fatigue damage, these platforms are periodically inspected during the in-service lifetime. Inspection activities provide additional information, which includes detection and measurement of crack size. A Bayesian framework can be used to update the probability distribution of the uncertain parameters such as crack size. After updating the distribution of the crack size, it is possible to improve the estimation of joint reliability. The main purpose of this study is to present different methods of Bayesian inference to update the probability distribution of the crack size using the inspection results and to demonstrate how the results are different. Two different methods are presented: analytical (conjugate) and numerical methods. The advantages and shortcomings of each method are discussed. To compare the results of the analytical and numerical methods, two different situations are considered; updating the crack size distribution for a particular joint and updating the crack size distribution for several joints that have almost the same conditions. Although the proposed methodology can be applied to different kinds of structures, an example of tubular joints in a specific jacket platform is presented to demonstrate the proposed approach and to compare the results of two methods.
A Hybrid Method for Predicting Ship Maneuverability in Regular Waves
Authors: Mei Tianlong , Liu Yi , Ruiz Manasés Tello , Lataire Evert , Vantorre Marc , Chen Changyuan , Zou Zaojian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Traditionally, ship maneuvering is analyzed under calm water condition. In a more realistic scenario, such as a ship sailing in waves, the importance of taking the wave effects into account should be stressed. In this context, this paper proposes a hybrid method for predicting ship maneuverability in regular waves by combining a potential flow theory based panel method and a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-based computational fluid dynamics method. The mean wave drift forces are evaluated by applying a three-dimensional time-domain higher-order Rankine panel method, which takes the effects of ship's forward speed and lateral speed into consideration. The hull-related hydrodynamic derivatives in the equations of ship maneuvering motion are determined by using a RANS solver based on the double-body model. Then, the two-time scale method is applied to predict ship maneuvering in regular waves by integrating the seakeeping model in a three degrees-of-freedom MMG model for ship maneuvering motion. The numerical results of a laterally drifting S175 container ship, including the wave-induced motions, wave drift forces, and turning trajectories in regular waves, are presented and compared with the available experimental data in literature. The results show that the proposed hybrid method can be used for qualitatively predicting ship maneuvering behavior in regular waves.
Barriers and facilitators influencing facility-based childbirth in rural Haiti: a mixed method study with a convergent design
Authors: Raymondville Maxi , Rodriguez Carly A , Richterman Aaron , Jerome Gregory , Katz Arlene , Gilbert Hannah , Anderson Gregory , Joseph Jean Paul , Franke Molly F , Ivers Louise C 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionHaiti has the highest maternal mortality rate in the Western Hemisphere. Facility-based childbirth is promoted as the standard of care for reducing maternal and neonatal mortality. We conducted a convergent, mixed methods study to assess barriers and facilitators to facility-based childbirth at Hôpital Universitaire de Mirebalais (HUM) in Mirebalais, Haiti.MethodsWe conducted secondary analyses of a prospective cohort of pregnant women seeking antenatal care at HUM and quantitatively assessed predictors of not having a facility-based childbirth at HUM. We prospectively enrolled 30 pregnant women and interviewed them about their experiences delivering at home or at HUM.ResultsOf 1105 pregnant women seeking antenatal care at the hospital between May and December 2017, 773 (70%) returned to the hospital for facility-based childbirth. In multivariable analyses, living farther from the hospital (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.73; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.96), poverty (AOR=0.93; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.99) and household hunger (AOR=0.45; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.79) were associated with not having a facility-based childbirth. Primigravid women were more likely to have a facility-based childbirth (AOR=1.34, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.76). Qualitative data provided insight into the value women place on traditional birth attendants (‘matrons’) during home-based childbirths. While women perceived facility-based childbirths as better equipped to handle birth complications, barriers such as distance, costs of transportation and supplies, discomfort of facility birthing practices and mistreatment by medical staff resulted in negative perceptions of facility-based childbirths.ConclusionPregnant women in rural Haiti must overcome substantial structural barriers and forfeit valued support from traditional birth attendants when they pursue facility-based childbirths. If traditional birth attendants could be involved in care alongside midwives at facilities, women may be more inclined to deliver there. While complex structural barriers remain, the inclusion of matrons at facilities may increase uptake of facility-based childbirths, and ultimately improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.
A vulnerability index for COVID-19: spatial analysis at the subnational level in Kenya
Authors: Macharia Peter M , Joseph Noel K , Okiro Emelda A 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundResponse to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic calls for precision public health reflecting our improved understanding of who is the most vulnerable and their geographical location. We created three vulnerability indices to identify areas and people who require greater support while elucidating health inequities to inform emergency response in Kenya.MethodsGeospatial indicators were assembled to create three vulnerability indices; Social VulnerabilityIndex (SVI), Epidemiological Vulnerability Index (EVI) and a composite of the two, that is, Social Epidemiological Vulnerability Index (SEVI) resolved at 295 subcounties in Kenya. SVI included 19 indicators that affect the spread of disease; socioeconomic deprivation, access to services and population dynamics, whereas EVI comprised 5 indicators describing comorbidities associated with COVID-19 severe disease progression. The indicators were scaled to a common measurement scale, spatially overlaid via arithmetic mean and equally weighted. The indices were classified into seven classes, 1–2 denoted low vulnerability and 6–7, high vulnerability. The population within vulnerabilities classes was quantified.ResultsThe spatial variation of each index was heterogeneous across Kenya. Forty-nine northwestern and partly eastern subcounties (6.9 million people) were highly vulnerable, whereas 58 subcounties (9.7 million people) in western and central Kenya were the least vulnerable for SVI. For EVI, 48 subcounties (7.2 million people) in central and the adjacent areas and 81 subcounties (13.2 million people) in northern Kenya were the most and least vulnerable, respectively. Overall (SEVI), 46 subcounties (7.0 million people) around central and southeastern were more vulnerable, whereas 81 subcounties (14.4 million people) were least vulnerable.ConclusionThe vulnerability indices created are tools relevant to the county, national government and stakeholders for prioritisation and improved planning. The heterogeneous nature of the vulnerability indices underpins the need for targeted and prioritised actions based on the needs across the subcounties.