bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Cyclical Patterns on Innovation and Transformation Processes in the Economy
Authors: Shcherbakov G. A. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: the main purpose of this article is to present and develop a cyclic approach in the theory of innovation. This section of economic theory is based on the understanding of the innovation process as a dynamic system that develops (depending on the type of innovation) within the medium or long-term cycle. The cyclic approach has an insufficiently studied subject of research. In theoretical and practical aspects, this approach is very poorly developed, despite its prospects for this method. The application of the cyclic approach in the practical sphere will increase the effectiveness of activities planning in the field of the state innovation policy, as well as increase the efficiency of the state resources using.Methods: a set of methods of theoretical research is used, including: logical, system and abstract methods, as well as specific scientific (special) research methods. Based on the study of a wide range of scientific literature, as well as statistical and factual information on innovative issues, models (modeling method) were drawn up, which were graphically fixed in the figures illustrating the main provisions of the article.Results: this article develops the cyclic approach to the innovations study, proposed in the works of foreign and domestic scientists. The article describes and presents a scientific method of innovative processes management, called "triad of innovative and transformative activity". The article also contains a brief overview of the cyclic method development in the works of domestic and foreign researchers, giving a general idea of the elaboration degree of the scientific question.Conclusions and Relevance: the analysis of the main theories and concepts in the field of innovation, gives reason to argue that scientific views on the implementation of the innovation process contain a serious omission. It consists in the fact that it does not take into account the influence of cyclical conditions of various medium-term cycle phases or long-term cycle stages. In practice, this leads to asynchronous processes that prevent the effective innovation activities.
Tax Relations from a Position of Business Safe Development and Protection of State Interests
Authors: Vyakina I. V. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: the article analyzes the tax policy of the Russian Federation and judicial practice of the cases related to tax legislation from the standpoint of business safe development and protection of state interests; contains measures that allow the formation of adequate tax relations between the state and business aimed at the development of the national economy.Methods: tax relations consider in two aspects: from the position of state interests, on the one hand, and subjective perception of business, on the other. In the research process, economic and statistical methods for processing analytical data, graphical and tabular methods for visualizing research results used, as well as methods for complex, system, comparative and structural-functional analysis and traditional general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparisons, generalizations, analogies, etc.Results: the author has performed an analysis of the structure and dynamics of tax revenues to the budget system of the Russian Federation and the results of the consideration of tax legislation application in terms of meeting the claims of various parties and the amounts recovered from lawsuits of tax authorities and taxpayers. The features of the regulatory framework to protect the interests of the state and business in the field of tax relations have considered. The key threats and opportunities for development at different levels of the functioning of tax relations have identified and specific measures aimed at improving the mechanism of tax relations between the state and business have proposed.Conclusions and Relevance: analysis of judicial practice shows an increase in the fiscal focus of the results of the consideration by the Arbitration courts of the cases related to tax legislation. The formation of a set of specific organizational and legal measures in the field of taxation aimed at improving business protection is necessary for protection of the state interests and the safe development of the national economy. They are the organization of effective interaction of business with regulatory authorities; reduction of taxation of investments in fixed assets; development of mechanisms for protecting the rights of investors.
Digital Technologies in the System of Technological Development and Knowledge Management in a Problem Region (on the example of the North Caucasus Federal district)
Authors: Batov G. H. , Khutova L. A. , Shogenov T. M. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:the purpose of the study is to analyze the state of technological development and technological structures of the region, identify the features of knowledge management and develop a model for using new knowledge using digital technologies.Methods:the research is based on the use of the methodology of the system approach, the use of methods of economic and statistical analysis, scientific abstraction, analogies and scientific generalizations. During the development of the proposed topic, classical and modern works of domestic and foreign scientists, statistical and empirical material collected in the course of field research were used. In the part concerning the technological development of the region, aspects of the theory of technological structure are used in the interpretation of domestic and foreign researchers. The experience of determining the integral indicator of the state of technological structure in the region's subjects was used.Results:the study showed that in the economy of the studied district there is a high lack of demand and immunity of scientific results from the real sector, as well as significant demand constraints, which in turn are associated with the fact that the conditions for competition are insufficiently developed here. The district subjects have not developed strategies for switching to a new format of development using innovation and digital technologies.Conclusions and Relevance:it is necessary to change the existing practices and policies, each region needs to develop its own mechanism and approach to the digital economy and technology transfer, depending on its characteristics. The proposed model of knowledge management based on the use of digital technologies and artificial intelligence can become one of the tools for realizing the potential that the district has. Using new technologies and technological developments, it will be able to fit into the new technological order and ensure economic growth.
Effect of dexamethasone with granisetron or ondansetron for prevention of post-operative nausea vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological surgery
Authors: Sharma Shailendra Kumar , Singh Shalendra , Paul Debashish , Ameta Nihar , Taank Priya , Singh Tina 
Published: March 2020

Background: Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is generally self-limiting, associated with high level of patient dissatisfaction and may delay hospital discharge. The anaesthetist is usually blamed, despite evidence that PONV results from a variety of factors and variety of antiemetic drug available in market. With this issue we aim to compare the effectiveness of dexamethasone with granisetron or ondansetron in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological surgery.Methods: 120 patients were registered in this prospective, randomized double blind study. Group I (n=60) received ondansetron 4 mg intravenously (IV)+dexamethasone 8mg I/V or II (n=60) received granisetron 1 mg IV+dexamethasone 8 mg I/V prior to anaesthesia. Post-operative data of PONV was recorded at pre-defined intervals.Results: The majority of the patients were of the age group 20-25 years (55.83%). The mean score of Group I subjects was 0.30±0.72 and that of Group II was 0.20±0.57 (p=0.43). There are 3.33% of patients in group-I having vomiting episodes, and 1.67% of patients in group-II having vomiting episodes, none of the patients developed 2nd episodes of vomiting in either group. Thus it appears that dexamethasone in combination with ondansetron and granisetron is effective in decreasing the number of episodes of PONV. The occurrence of sickness episodes within 24 hours of surgery revealed no significant different in both groups. Haemodynamic variables showed no significant difference recorded in postoperative care unit between the study groups. The most common complaint was headache 16.67% in both groups. Conclusions: Dexamethasone 8 mg with either granisetron 1 mg or ondansetron 4 mg showed no significant difference in antiemetic efficacy with minimal side effects and excellent patient satisfaction.
Trends in the profile of non hodgkins lymphoma in North and South India: a study from two tertiary care hospitals in India
Authors: Sud Rahul , Kumar Kishore , Dubey A. P. , Bhagat Sagar 
Published: March 2020

Background: A number of environmental and chemical factors have been thought to been implicated in the occurrence of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas (NHLs).To fill the knowledge gap in various aspect of the disease, this study was undertaken at this tertiary care centre in Delhi and Bangalore.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in two defenses medical centre in India among patients of Non Hodgkins Lymphoma, registered at Command hospital Airforce Bangalore and Army Hospital (Research and Referral), New Delhi, between March 2016 and March 2019.Results: The disease showed a bimodal onset in both centres with 26 (26%) and 24 (24%) cases occurring in the age group of 31-40 years and 24 (24%) and 25 (25%) cases occurring in the age group of >60 years at CHAF (B) and AH (RR) respectively. B cell Lymphoma was the most common type of NHL seen in 85% and 89% patients, whereas T-cell lymphomas constituted 13% and 11% at CHAF (B) and AH (RR). 32(32%) patients presented with an Ann Arbor Stage 1 or 2 disease whereas 68(68%) patients were with Stage 3 or 4 disease at both the centers. IPI score was ≥3 in 45 % and 43% patients.Conclusions: NHL in India is a homogeneous and uniform disease. But there was increased detection of hepatosplenomegaly and associated hepatitis B/C in the southern part of India. Also, the occurrence of Cutaneous T cell lymphoma was only seen in the south India centre. The early stage NHLs has better survival and increase chance of complete response.
Effect of prenap coffee on daytime sleepiness in university students
Authors: Upadhyay Dishant B. , Agrawal Siddharth B. , Verma Anita , Mahajan Neeraj , Shah Nilima 
Published: March 2020

Background: Daytime sleepiness impairs academic performance in college students. Napping is a counter to daytime sleepiness, but often causes sleep inertia on waking up. Caffeine absorption from beverages peaks 30 minutes after their ingestion presenting a window of opportunity to have a short nap such that the time of waking up is in synchrony with onset of action of caffeine; thereby abolishing post-nap inertia and achieving synergistic mitigation of fatigue.Objective of this study to assess effect of nap, coffee, ‘coffee and nap’ and ‘wakeful break without coffee’ on daytime sleepiness using Psychomotor Vigilance Tests (PVTs) and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) score.Methods: After Institutional Review Board clearance, 10 subjects (aged 19-21 years) were selected using their Epworth Sleepiness Scale score (ESS >5) and called to the study site 8 times on different days to be exposed to these four conditions twice - only coffee (standardized), only nap (30min), coffee immediately followed by 30min nap, wakeful break (30min) without coffee or nap. Pre and post scores were recorded for electronic PVT (Reaction Time and Motor Responsiveness) and KSS for each attempt.Results: Test outcome was associated with intervention used (p=0.00001). ‘Nap only’ group was associated with deterioration in outcomes (p=0.00001), accounting for highest percentage (41%) of all deteriorated test outcomes. ‘Coffee only’ group was associated with improvement in test scores (p=0.00001), responsible for highest share (38.8%) of all improved test outcomes. ‘Nap only’ and ‘Coffee-nap’ group showed improvement in 11.67% and 21.67% of outcomes respectively. Conclusions: Pre-nap coffee is a proactive counter-measure to post nap sleep inertia.
Surgical practices during cholecystectomy in Algeria: results of a survey
Authors: Tidjane Anisse , Serradj Nabil Boudjenan , Ikhlef Nacim , Benilha Soumia , Benmaarouf Noureddine , Tabeti Benali 
Published: March 2020

Background: The cholecystectomy is one of the most practiced surgeries; the learned societies published guidelines to improve surgical practices. Guidelines are sometimes not followed, either by negligence, by lack of means or adequate professional environment. So, to know the real practices of surgeons, a survey was conducted.Methods: An anonymous national survey involving all practicing Algerian surgeons was conducted. At the end of the survey, all data were captured and processed using the SPSS v20 software; χ2 tests were used to compare different groups of surgeons.Results: Only 122 responses were retained, twenty-two percent of surgeons perform open cholecystectomy. No surgeon performed routinely cholangiography, 43% extracted the gallbladder using extraction disposal, 18% performed systematic abdominal cavity drainage, all surgeons send the gallbladder to histology for examination and postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis was routinely prescribed by 69% of surgeons. The average postoperative hospitalisation recommended by surgeons was 1.65 days (0-5) days. The experience of the surgeon or his position was associated with lower rates of systematic prescription of antibiotic prophylaxis, and with a lower duration of postoperative hospitalisation.Conclusions: We recommend publication of guidelines of good practices adapted to the socio-professional and economic context of countries.
Clinical study of fistula in ano with special reference to its surgical management
Authors: Ghose Sivaji Sankar , Chowdhury Mili Das , Dharmamer M. Y. 
Published: March 2020

Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the results of “Lay open method” fistulectomy technique in treating fistula-in-ano in terms of relief of symptoms, healing of wound, recurrence rate and post-operative complications.Methods: Total 45 cases with definite history of fistula and clinically diagnosed cases of fistula in ano selected for the study. A final diagnosis was made after proctoscopic examination under anaesthesia during operation and by histopathological examination after completion of operation. In all the patients, lay open method fistulectomy was done. Post-operative period was closely monitored and all the cases were meticulously followed for a variable period of time.Results: The common fistulas were low anal type (80%). External opening was mostly located in the posterior mid zone (44.44%). Internal opening was found in 30 cases (66.66%) during per rectal digital examination while proctoscopic examination revealed internal opening in 26 cases (57.77%). Pain (22.22%), retention of urine (8.88%) were the commonest immediate as well as incontinence (1; 2.22%) and recurrence (1; 2.22%) were the delayed post-operative complications. 90% of cases had a satisfactory healing of their wounds within 21 days. Excellent results were achieved in 77.77% cases and only one case of recurrence (2.22%).Conclusions: Encouragingly high success rates were achieved in our patients, but this series comprised a very small number of patients in a short period of time with limited amenities; also follow up of very short duration and irregular for which a definite conclusion is difficult to arrive at.
Correlation between clinical grading of adenoid or tonsil hypertrophy and adenoid or tonsil volume post adenotonsillectomy: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kokong Daniel D. , Adoga Adeyi A. , Turaki Ishaku , Maan Nuhu D. , Yaro John P. , Innocent Emmanuel 
Published: March 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Measuring adenoid or tonsil volume in surgically removed specimens is likely the most accurate method for quantifying adenotonsillar hypertrophy severity which may predict the extent of surgery to curtail post tonsillectomy haemorrhage a potential lethal complication.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> All patients with adenoid or tonsil hypertrophy were graded clinically while the objective grading by volumetric saline displacement in accordance with Archimedes’ principle; between August 1, 2017 to July 31, 2019 at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria. Data analysis was by the SPSS version 21.0 Chicago IL, USA. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The study had 96 participants with a M:F=1.7:1. Age range was 9 months to 51 years, median was 3 yrs, mean was 9.5 yrs±15.5 yrs with 83 (86.5%) who were ≤18 yrs. Main features of this study, no. of patients in snoring was 83 (86.5%), nasal obstruction 71 (74.0%), rhinorrhoea 32 (33.3%), noisy breathing 23 (24.0%), dysphagia- 18 (18.8%), mouth breathing 18 (18.8%). Grading of this study was 78 (81.2%) were Brodsky grade III &amp; IV while 72 (75.0%) had ANR of ≥0.5. Blood loss was range 10 ml to 250 ml, median 35 ml, mean 52.7±46.9 ml while 51 (63.0%) had blood loss of ≤50 ml. Volume of surgical specimen of adenoid; range 0.20-4.50 ml, mean 1.56±0.83 ml while tonsil; (Rt)-range 1.00-12.50 ml, mean 3.18±1.97 ml. There was a positive correlation between adenoid or tonsil grade and volume at 99% CI; (r)=0.409, (p=0.000) and grade (mean) 3.11±0.78, volume (mean) 3.18±1.96.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study establishes a positive correlation between clinical grading of adenoid or tonsil and volume with a certain level of accuracy which may predict extent of surgery to avoid post tonsillectomy hemorrhage, a life-threatening/lethal complication from excessive, partial or suboptimal surgery commonly.</p>
Comparative study of outcomes of type-1 tympanoplasty with and without anterior tucking
Authors: Gangadar S. Kiran , Priyadarshini G. 
Published: March 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tympanoplasty is a surgical procedure for closing the tympanic membrane perforation and reconstructing the tympanic membrane and hearing, commonly after trauma and chronic otitis media. The aim of the study was to compare the clinical and audiological outcomes of tympanoplasty with or without anterior tucking.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this prospective study, 50 patients with chronic otitis media (COM) were divided into two groups. Group 1 underwent type 1 tympanoplasty with anterior tucking method, and group 2 underwent type 1 tympanoplasty without anterior tucking. The result was measured on graft uptake and hearing outcome at 6 months postoperatively by performing pure tone audiometry. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The hearing improvement was almost the same in both the groups. Graft uptake was good in type 1 tympanoplasty with tucking (96%) when compared to without tucking tympanoplasty (92%). Complications like residual perforation were seen in both groups equally. Anterior marginal blunting was noted (8%) in type 1 tympanoplasty with tucking.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The hearing improvement of type-1 tympanoplasty with anterior tucking and without anterior tucking is the same. Type-1 tympanoplasty with anterior tucking has a better graft acceptance. The only disadvantage of type-1 tympanoplasty with anterior tucking is anterior marginal blunting.</p>
A descriptive study to determine the bacterial flora and antibiotic sensitivity of lower respiratory tract in tracheostomised patients
Authors: Rao Kulkarni Manik , . Panchami 
Published: March 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tracheostomy is one of the commonest operations performed by an otorhinolaryngologist for various indications and in different age groups and tracheo-bronchitis is a common complication in tracheostomised patients. This study designed to determine the bacterial flora and antibiotic sensitivity of lower respiratory tract following tracheostomy in hospitalized patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a descriptive study of 50 tracheostomised patients carried out from December 2017 to May 2019, at VIMS Ballari. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Stridor was the most common indication for tracheostomy (70%). Tracheal aspirate was sent for bacterial culture and sensitivity on day 0, 1 week and 3 weeks post tracheostomy. Majority of the patients showed no growth in the day 0 and 3weeks post tracheostomy bacterial cultures of the tracheal aspirate. Bacterial cultures yielded growth in majority of the patients in the 1-week post tracheostomy cultures. The sensitivity pattern, intermediate response pattern and resistance pattern to the first line antibiotics that are regularly used in our hospital were studied in all the 3 samples of tracheal aspirates that were sent for bacterial culture from all the 50 tracheostomised patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It is a good practice to send the tracheal aspirate for culture and sensitivity following Tracheostomy. If the patient is started on suitable antibiotics based on the culture postoperative recovery will be hastened, risk of postoperative infections like tracheitis, tracheobrochitis, stoma site infection and other lower respiratory tract infections can be reduced.</p>
Study of bacterial pathogens causing chronic suppurative otitis media and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates at a tertiary care centre in Kochi
Authors: Nair Geetha , Mampilly Tanya Tonny , Vasudevan Bindhu , Lancy J. 
Published: March 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is defined as chronic inflammation of middle ear and mastoid cavity presenting with recurrent ear discharges through a tympanic membrane perforation. Complications of CSOM were frequent in pre-antibiotic era. Injudicious use of antibiotics led to the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains and complications in return. To isolate the organisms associated with CSOM in a tertiary care centre and to detect their antibiogram.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this clinical, prospective, cross sectional study, a total of 100 patients clinically diagnosed with CSOM were enrolled from January to December 2019 (1 year). </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Of the 100 samples collected, predominant bacteria were isolated in 58 patients (58%). The most common isolate was <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (29 isolates) followed by <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (24), <em>Klebsiella</em> species (3) and 1 isolate each of <em>Pneumococci</em> and <em>Acinetobacter</em> species. Among the 29 isolates of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, 8 (28%) were multidrug resistant. Sensitivity was 100% to imipenem followed by 97% to meropenem,79% to gentamicin, 76% to amikacin, 66% to ciprofloxacin, 41% to piperacillin tazobactam and 17% to ceftazidime. Of the 24 isolates of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, 4 (16%) were methicillin resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate, of which 28% were multi drug resistant. This calls for the judicious use of antibiotics and alternative measures for treatment of drug resistant strains. Formulating an antibiotic policy based on the local antibiogram can help in preventing the emergence and spread of resistant pathogens.</p>