bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus‐Based Electrocatalysts: Black Phosphorus, Metal Phosphides, and Phosphates
Authors: Li Xin , Wang John 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEnormous progresses have been made in developing advanced energy conversion and storage technologies, which inevitably require high‐performance electrocatalysts. Recently, phosphorus (P)‐based materials have drawn tremendous attention as a class of promising electrocatalysts and presented intrinsic electrochemical activity and widely tunable property. In a timely response to the ongoing interests, issues faced in P‐based inorganic materials, and the approaches to address them in relation to energy conversion reactions, including hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and oxygen reduction reaction are investigated. The emphasis is focused on the key strategies to modulate black phosphorus, metal phosphides, and phosphates‐based electrocatalysts, although it is impossible to include all possible P‐compounds. The strategies are analyzed and discussed in four aspects, namely, morphological engineering, tuning in crystallinity, compositional tailoring, and material hybridization. They are aimed to modulate the key parameters involved in electrocatalysis, such as the adsorption energy, and density of the active sites, electrical conductivity, and durability of these P‐based inorganic electrocatalysts. With the thorough understandings established for the rational design of the efficient electrocatalysts, the challenges and perspectives in the future development of these high‐performance P‐based systems are briefly looked into.
All‐In‐One Stainless‐Steel Mesh Oxide Composites Anode for Flexible Li‐Ion Battery
Authors: Zhang Baofeng , Xu Youlong , Wang Jie , Ma Xiaoning , Lin Jun , Wang Chao , Xue Xu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor portable and wearable electronics, a flexible full battery can lead to tremendous development. However, certain issues with the anode still exist, such as complexity, low capacity, and poor stability. Herein, a flexible metal oxide (MOx) composite anode is synthesized in situ, which transfers a stainless‐steel mesh (SSM) to the SSM‐MOx‐900@PPy anode, with void‐array MOx nanoframeworks encapsulated within polypyrrole (PPy). The hierarchical structure offers a close connection and highly interpenetrated porous conductive network between PPy and MOx, which sufficiently constrains the volume changes and enhances the electronic conductivity. Besides, the binder‐free connection between the active material and current collector is effective for charge transport and robust structural stability during the electrochemical processes. The prepared SSM‐MOx@PPy anode exhibits low contact resistance, decreased charge transfer resistance, and enhanced Li+ diffusion coefficient, resulting in an ultrahigh capacity of 1000 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and outstanding cycling stability of 640.9 mAh g−1 with a retention rate of 99% after 100 cycles at 1 C. The high‐power full battery fabricated by the SSM‐MOx‐900@PPy and LiFePO4 can be bent and folded freely without obvious capacity attenuation (99.2% of the initial value after 100 bending cycles). These results may provide valuable guidance for designing advanced anodes.
Annular Structural Colors from Bowl‐Like Shriveled Photonic Microshells of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Shan Yu‐Wei , You Lu‐Qian , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Yang Yu‐Jie , Ge Ya‐Hao , Che Kai‐Jun , Li Sen‐Sen , Chen Lu‐Jian , Li Quan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStructural colors obtained by self‐organized microstructures have found a variety of applications, such as decorations, displays, and encryption microarrays, and have been widely investigated for the excellent stability and anisotropic optical responses upon external stimuli. Here, the fabrication of a variety of bowl‐like shriveled microshells using helical cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) by glass‐capillary‐based microfluidic techniques is reported. Interestingly, the internal and selective Bragg interferences of the radially arranged helical CLC structure enable the color‐correlative optical responses, resulting in the generation of annular color rings with variable reflection wavelengths and geometries by tuning the pitch and adjusting the incubation parameters. In addition, the manipulation of shriveled photonic microshells is demonstrated under a magnetic field. Benefiting from the low‐cost fabrication of optical interference microstructures and the controllable generation of structural color, it is expected that this class of shriveled photonic CLC microshells might pioneer a novel route for future photonic applications and beyond.
Double Negative Differential Resistance Device Based on Hafnium Disulfide/Pentacene Hybrid Structure
Authors: Jung Kil‐Su , Heo Keun , Kim Min‐Je , Andreev Maksim , Seo Seunghwan , Kim Jin‐Ok , Lim Ji‐Hye , Kim Kwan‐Ho , Kim Sungho , Kim Ki Seok , Yeom Geun Yong , Cho Jeong Ho , Park Jin‐Hong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecently, combinations of 2D van der Waals (2D vdW) materials and organic materials have attracted attention because they facilitate the formation of various heterojunctions with excellent interface quality owing to the absence of dangling bonds on their surface. In this work, a double negative differential resistance (D‐NDR) characteristic of a hybrid 2D vdW/organic tunneling device consisting of a hafnium disulfide/pentacene heterojunction and a 3D pentacene resistor is reported. This D‐NDR phenomenon is achieved by precisely controlling an NDR peak voltage with the pentacene resistor and then integrating two distinct NDR devices in parallel. Then, the operation of a controllable‐gain amplifier configured with the D‐NDR device and an n‐channel transistor is demonstrated using the Cadence Spectre simulation platform. The proposed D‐NDR device technology based on a hybrid 2D vdW/organic heterostructure provides a scientific foundation for various circuit applications that require the NDR phenomenon.
First amyloid β1‐42 certified reference material for re‐calibrating commercial immunoassays
Authors: Boulo Sébastien , Kuhlmann Julia , Andreasson Ulf , Brix Britta , Venkataraman Iswariya , Herbst Victor , Rutz Sandra , Manuilova Ekaterina , Vandijck Manu , Dekeyser Filip , Bjerke Maria , Pannee Josef , Charoud‐Got Jean , Auclair Guy , Mazoua Stéphane , Pinski Gregor , Trapmann Stefanie , Schimmel Heinz , Emons Hendrik , Quaglia Milena , Portelius Erik , Korecka Magdalena , Shaw Leslie M. , Lame Mary , Chambers Erin , Vanderstichele Hugo , Stoops Erik , Leinenbach Andreas , Bittner Tobias , Jenkins Rand G. , Kostanjevecki Vesna , Lewczuk Piotr , Gobom Johan , Zetterberg Henrik , Zegers Ingrid , Blennow Kaj 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionReference materials based on human cerebrospinal fluid were certified for the mass concentration of amyloid beta (Aβ)1‐42 (Aβ42). They are intended to be used to calibrate diagnostic assays for Aβ42.MethodsThe three certified reference materials (CRMs), ERM‐DA480/IFCC, ERM‐DA481/IFCC and ERM‐DA482/IFCC, were prepared at three concentration levels and characterized using isotope dilution mass spectrometry methods. Roche, EUROIMMUN, and Fujirebio used the three CRMs to re‐calibrate their immunoassays.ResultsThe certified Aβ42 mass concentrations in ERM‐DA480/IFCC, ERM‐DA481/IFCC, and ERM‐DA482/IFCC are 0.45, 0.72, and 1.22 μg/L, respectively, with expanded uncertainties (k = 2) of 0.07, 0.11, and 0.18 μg/L, respectively. Before re‐calibration, a good correlation (Pearson's r > 0.97), yet large biases, were observed between results from different commercial assays. After re‐calibration the between‐assay bias was reduced to < 5%.DiscussionThe Aβ42 CRMs can ensure the equivalence of results between methods and across platforms for the measurement of Aβ42.
Non‐Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease are Reduced by Nabilone
Authors: Peball Marina , Krismer Florian , Knaus Hans‐Günther , Djamshidian Atbin , Werkmann Mario , Carbone Federico , Ellmerer Philipp , Heim Beatrice , Marini Kathrin , Valent Dora , Goebel Georg , Ulmer Hanno , Stockner Heike , Wenning Gregor K. , Stolz Raphaela , Krejcy Kurt , Poewe Werner , Seppi Klaus ,   Collaborators of the Parkinson's Disease Working Group Innsbruck
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of nabilone, a synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol analogue, as a treatment for non‐motor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsThis was a phase II placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, parallel‐group, enriched enrollment randomized withdrawal trial conducted at the Medical University Innsbruck. A random sample of 47 patients with PD with stable motor disease and disturbing NMS defined by a score of ≥4 points on the Movement Disorder Society ‐ Unified PD Rating Scale‐I (MDS‐UPDRS‐I) underwent open‐label nabilone titration (0.25 mg once daily to 1 mg twice daily, phase I). Responders were randomized 1:1 to continue with nabilone or switch to placebo for 4 weeks (phase II). The primary efficacy criterion was the change of the MDS‐UPDRS‐I between randomization and week 4. Safety was analyzed in all patients who received at least one nabilone dose.ResultsBetween October 2017 and July 2019, 19 patients received either nabilone (median dose = 0.75 mg) or placebo. At week 4, mean change of the MDS‐UPDRS‐I was 2.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53 to 3.74, p = 0.002, effect size = 1.15) in the placebo versus 1.00 (95% CI −0.16 to 2.16, p = 0.280, effect size = 0.42) in the nabilone‐group (difference: 1.63, 95% CI 0.09 to 3.18, p = 0.030, effect size = 0.66). Seventy‐seven percent of patients had adverse events (AEs) during open‐label titration, most of them were transient. In the double‐blind phase, similar proportions of patients in each group had AEs (42% in the placebo group and 32% in the nabilone group). There were no serious AEs.InterpretationOur results highlight the potential efficacy of nabilone for patients with PD with disturbing NMS, which appears to be driven by positive effects on anxious mood and night‐time sleep problems.Trial registry: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03769896) and EudraCT (2017‐000192‐86). ANN NEUROL 2020;88:712–722
Photochemically Induced Ring Opening of Spirocyclopropyl Oxindoles: Evidence for a Triplet 1,3‐Diradical Intermediate and Deracemization by a Chiral Sensitizer
Authors: Li Xinyao , Kutta Roger J. , Jandl Christian , Bauer Andreas , Nuernberger Patrick , Bach Thorsten 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe photochemical deracemization of spiro[cyclopropane‐1,3′‐indolin]‐2′‐ones (spirocyclopropyl oxindoles) was studied. The corresponding 2,2‐dichloro compound is configurationally labile upon direct irradiation at λ=350 nm and upon irradiation at λ=405 nm in the presence of achiral thioxanthen‐9‐one as the sensitizer. The triplet 1,3‐diradical intermediate generated in the latter reaction was detected by transient absorption spectroscopy and its lifetime determined (τ=22 μs). Using a chiral thioxanthone or xanthone, with a lactam hydrogen bonding site as a photosensitizer, allowed the deracemization of differently substituted chiral spirocyclopropyl oxindoles with yields of 65–98 % and in 50–85 % ee (17 examples). Three mechanistic contributions were identified to co‐act favorably for high enantioselectivity: the difference in binding constants to the chiral thioxanthone, the smaller molecular distance in the complex of the minor enantiomer, and the lifetime of the intermediate 1,3‐diradical.
Design Strategy Towards Horizontally Oriented Luminescent Tetradentate‐Ligand‐Containing Gold(III) Systems
Authors: Tang Man‐Chung , Li Lok‐Kwan , Lai Shiu‐Lun , Cheung Wai‐Lung , Ng Maggie , Wong Chun‐Yin , Chan Mei‐Yee , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhosphorescent dopants are promising candidates for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Although it has been established that the out‐coupling efficiency and overall performances of vacuum‐deposited OLEDs can be significantly improved by a horizontal orientation of the dopants, no horizontally oriented gold(III) complexes have been reported to date. Herein, a novel class of tetradentate C^C^N^N ligand‐containing gold(III) complexes with a preferential horizontal orientation successfully generated through a one‐pot reaction is reported. These complexes demonstrate high photoluminescence quantum yields of 70 % and a high horizontal dipole ratio of 0.87 in solid‐state thin films. Green‐emitting OLEDs based on these complexes operate with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 20.6 % with an estimated out‐coupling efficiency of around 30 %. A promising device stability has been achieved in the vacuum‐deposited OLEDs, with operational half‐lifetimes of around 37 500 h at 100 cd m−2.
Construction of Axially Chiral Compounds via Central‐to‐Axial Chirality Conversion
Authors: Yang Hui , Chen Jie , Zhou Ling 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCentral‐to‐axial chirality conversion represents a fascinating class of chemical processes consisting of the destruction of stereogenic centers and the simultaneous installation of axial chiral elements, which provides efficient methods for the preparation of axially chiral compounds. Using the strategy, a wide range of axially chiral compounds, including biaryls, heterobiaryls, aromatic amides, allenes and vinyl arenes, have been synthesized with high efficiency and excellent enantioselectivity. In addition, central‐to‐axial chirality conversion strategy has been applied to the synthesis of natural products. The strategy has undoubtedly become and will continue to be a hot research topic in the field of asymmetric catalysis and synthesis. In this minireview, we selected some examples to introduce the developments and trends in the central‐to‐axial chirality conversion strategy up to April 2020.
Recent Advances in Luminescent Recognition and Chemosensing of Iodide in Water
Authors: Valdes‐García Josue , Rosales‐Vázquez Luis D. , Bazany‐Rodríguez Iván J. , Dorazco‐González Alejandro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis Minireview covers the latest developments of chemosensors based on transition‐metal receptors and organic fluorophores with specific binding sites for the luminescent detection and recognition of iodide in aqueous media and real samples. In all selected examples within the last decade (made‐post 2010), the iodide sensing and recognition is probed by monitoring real‐time changes of the fluorescence or phosphorescence properties of the chemosensors. This review highlights effective strategies to iodide sensing from a structural approach where the iodide recognition/sensing process, through supramolecular interactions as coordination bonds, hydrogen bonds, halogen bonds and electrostatic interactions, is transduced into an optical change easily measurable. The selective iodide sensing is an active field of research with global interest due to the importance of iodide in biological, medicinal, industrial, environmental and chemical processes.
Synthesis of Sub‐nanometer Porous Carbon Film for Energy Storage
Authors: Shu Zhen , Liu Zhifang , Cao Huaqiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCarbon‐based supercapacitors are a kind of supercapacitors with very promising applications because of their low cost, good stability and adjustable properties. Simple and rapid syntheses of carbon materials with a high surface area and narrow pore size distribution are of great significance to practical applications of carbon‐based supercapacitors. Here we report a new strategy to synthesize sub‐nanometer porous carbon films (Snp‐CF) via a condensation reaction under mild conditions. Carbon films exhibit a narrow pore size distribution (6.6 Å) and high surface area (508 m2 g−1) after annealing at 700 °C. Snp‐CF‐700 displays a good specific capacity and excellent cycle performance (130 F g−1 after 5000 cycles, 118 % of initial 110 F g−1).
Activation of the Unreactive Bond in C70 Fullerene toward Diels‐Alder Reaction by Encapsulation of a Lithium Atom
Authors: Li Zisheng , Jiang Yuhang , Wu Yabei , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDiels‐Alder cycloaddition reaction is useful for generation of covalent derivatives of fullerenes. Diels‐Alder reactions of C70 and dienes usually take place at the carbon‐carbon bond that has a short bond length in C70, while the bonds with long lengths are generally unreactive. In this paper, we investigated the reactivities of Li+@C70 and Li@C70 toward Diels‐Alder reactions with cyclohexadiene by means of density functional theory calculations. We found that the thermodynamic and kinetic reactivities of the fullerene cage are changed significantly after the encapsulation of the lithium ion or atom. The encapsulated lithium ion causes a remarkable decrease of the activation barrier for the cycloaddition reaction, which can be ascribed to the enhanced orbital interaction between cyclohexadiene and the fullerene cage. The unreactive bond with a long length in C70 is activated efficiently after the encapsulation of the lithium atom. According to the activation‐strain model analysis, the improved reactivity of the long bond is associated with the small deformation energy and large interaction energy of the reactants. Unlike conventional Diels‐Alder reactions that proceed through concerted mechanism, the reaction of Li@C70 and cyclohexadiene undergoes an unusual stepwise mechanism because of the open‐shell electronic structure of Li@C70.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia skin infiltrates presenting as eyebrow alopecia and erythematous pruritic papules refractory to treatment with topical steroids
Authors: Zhu Jane L. , Goff Heather W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe describe a patient who presented with erythematous papules and hair loss solely limited to the eyebrows. Clinicians should be aware of this presentation of leukemia cutis and consider this diagnosis in a patient with a history of CLL.
Transabdominal ultrasound sonography findings in peritonitis due to the spread of Crohn's disease to the penetration
Authors: Takahara Masahiro , Hiraoko Sakiko , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the presence of the clinical signs of peritonitis, transabdominal ultrasound sonography by experienced technicians or physicians could be a fast and reliable imaging tool for confirmation of disease status.
Gingival metastasis of a breast carcinoma
Authors: Ndiaye Moustapha , Faye Ababacar Diegane , Diouf Mame Sanou , Ndiaye Ciré , Sy Abdou , Diallo Adja Coumba , Loum Birame , Deguenonvo Richard , Diom Evelyne Siga , Ndiaye Malick , Ndiaye Issa Cheikh , Diallo Bay Karim , Tall Abdourahmane , Diouf Raymond 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report a case of metastasis to the gingiva of breast carcinoma. The breast tumor was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by a radical mastectomy associated with axillary dissection. The gingival lesion occurred 7 months after surgery; the metastasis was confirmed by a biopsy.
Catalytic Activity of Ti‐based MXenes for the Hydrogenation of Furfural
Authors: Naguib Michael , Tang Wenjie , Browning Katie L. , Veith Gabriel M. , Maliekkal Vineet , Neurock Matthew , Villa Alberto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHerein we report on the catalytic activity of Ti‐based MXenes (Ti3CNTz and Ti3C2Tz) for biomass transformation. MXenes were found to be active catalysts for the hydrogenation of furfural using either gaseous hydrogen or 2‐propanol as solvent and hydrogen source. Both catalysts showed good activity in the conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol, with furfuryl ether as the main by‐product. Stability tests indicated that Ti3CNTz is more stable than Ti3C2Tz against deactivation. Ab initio calculations were used to examine the hydrogenation and etherification reactions pathways and their corresponding reaction energetics on the Ti3CNTz MXene. The results indicate that the hydrogenation of the carbonyl bond efficiently proceeds via the heterolytic activation of hydrogen over the metal‐oxygen site pair followed by the addition of the proton and hydride to the C and O atoms of the carbonyl. The subsequent hydrogenation of the unsaturated furan ring via metal bound hydrogen, however, is calculated to be much more difficult. Protons bound to the oxygen of the MXene are acidic and can also catalyze the etherification of the resulting alcohols. The bifunctional acid‐metal site pairs also selectively catalyze the hydrogenolysis of the furfuryl alcohol to form 2‐methyl furan.
Time Programmable Locking/Unlocking of the Calix[4]arene Scaffold by Means of Chemical Fuels
Authors: Del Giudice Daniele , Spatola Emanuele , Cacciapaglia Roberta , Casnati Alessandro , Baldini Laura , Ercolani Gianfranco , Di Stefano Stefano 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, we report that 2‐cyano‐2‐phenylpropanoic acid and its p‐Cl, p‐CH3 and p‐OCH3 derivatives can be used as chemical fuels to control the geometry of the calix[4]arene scaffold in its cone conformation. It is shown that, under the action of the fuel, the cone calix[4]arene platform assumes a “locked” shape with two opposite aromatic rings strongly convergent and the other two strongly divergent (“pinched cone” conformation). Only when the fuel is exhausted, the cone calix[4]arene scaffold returns to its resting, “unlocked” shape. Remarkably, the duration of the “locked” state can be controlled at will by varying the fuel structure or amount. A kinetic study of the process shows that the consume of the fuel is catalyzed by the “unlocked” calixarene that behaves as an autocatalyst for its own production. A mechanism is proposed for the reaction of fuel consumption.
Main Group Multiple Bonds for Bond Activations and Catalysis
Authors: Weetman Catherine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSince the discovery that the so‐called “double‐bond” rule could be broken, the field of molecular main group multiple bonds has expanded rapidly. With the majority of homodiatomic double and triple bonds realised within thep‐block, along with many heterodiatomic combinations, this Minireview examines the reactivity of these compounds with a particular emphasis on small molecule activation. Furthermore, whilst their ability to act as transition metal mimics has been explored, their catalytic behaviour is somewhat limited. This Minireview aims to highlight the potential of these complexes towards catalytic application and their role as synthons in further functionalisations making them a versatile tool for the modern synthetic chemist.
Antimicrobial Peptide Mimetics Based on a Diphenylacetylene Scaffold: Synthesis, Conformational Analysis, and Activity
Authors: Peacock Hayden , Henriques Sónia Troeira , Benfield Aurélie H. , Elliott Alysha G. , Luo Jinghui , Luccarelli James , Nagano Masanobu , Craik David J. , Hamilton Andrew D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMimics of natural antimicrobial peptides are promising compounds to fight the rising threat of multi‐drug resistant bacteria. Here we report the design, synthesis and conformational analysis of a new class of antimicrobial peptide mimetics incorporating a diphenylacetylene scaffold. Within a small set of compounds, we observe a correlation between amphiphilicity, the efficiency of partitioning into negatively charged membranes and antibacterial activity. The most amphiphilic compound, which contains four isoleucine residues and four lysine residues, displays species‐selective antibacterial activity (most active against Bacillus subtills) and low haemolytic activity. Solution‐phase conformational analysis of this compound indicates that a defined structure is adopted in the presence of negatively charged phospholipid membranes and aqueous 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol but not in water. A conformation model indicates that the cationic and hydrophobic functional groups are segregated. These results may inform the development of highly selective antimicrobial peptide mimetics for therapeutic applications.