bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a local nomogram‐based scoring system for predicting overall survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A rural appalachian experience
Authors: Mohamed Rowida , Sangani Rahul G. , Kamal Khalid M. , LeMaster Traci J. , Rudisill Toni Marie , Scott Virginia G. , Kelley George A. , Wen Sijin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccurate staging systems are essential for assessing the severity of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and guiding clinical management. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of pulmonary comorbidities and body mass index (BMI) in IPF, develop a nomogram predicting overall survival (OS), and create a nomogram‐based survival prediction model.MethodsPatients with IPF were identified from electronic medical records of the West Virginia hospital system. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis was used for variable selection, and a nomogram was constructed. Risk groups were defined based on the nomogram's probability tertiles. The performance of the nomogram‐based model was evaluated using Harrell's concordance index (C‐index) and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test.ResultsThe study included 152 patients with IPF. The majority of the patients were elderly, male, and had a BMI above 24 kg/m2. The median survival duration was 7.6 years. The survival rates were 91% at 1 year, 78% at 3 years, and 68% at 5 years. LASSO regression selected carbon monoxide lung diffusion capacity percentage predicted (DLco%), BMI, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism, and sleep apnea as independent predictive variables. The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination (C‐index = 0.71) and calibration.ConclusionsPulmonary comorbidities and BMI have significant prognostic value in IPF, emphasizing the necessity for consistent screening, assessment, and management of these factors in IPF care. Furthermore, the nomogram‐based staging system showed promising performance in predicting OS and represents an actionable staging system that could potentially improve clinical management in IPF. Further validation of the nomogram is warranted to confirm its utility in clinical practice.
Stability Analysis of Split‐Step θ$$ \theta $$‐Milstein Scheme for Stochastic Delay Integro‐Differential Equations
Authors: Liu Linna , Zhou Shuaibo , Fang Jianyin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces and analyzes a split‐step ‐Milstein (SSTM) scheme specifically designed for stochastic delay integro‐differential equations (SDIDEs). Given reasonable assumptions regarding the drift term, diffusion term, and integral term, it is established that for small stepsize constraint, the SSTM method with is mean square exponential stable. Additionally, the result shows that also demonstrates the same stability under more stringent conditions on stepsize. Ultimately, two numerical experiments are presented to verify the validity of the obtained results.
Doubly Exponential Growth and Decay for a Semilinear Heat Equation With Logarithmic Nonlinearity
Authors: Long QunFei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this note, we consider the initial boundary value problem for a parabolic equation with logarithmic nonlinearity, which has been studied by Chen et al. and Han. We firstly estimate the upper bound function with doubly exponential property for the weak solutions and establish the doubly exponential decay and at most doubly exponential growth criteria for the weak solutions by the logarithmic Sobolev inequality, the derivative formula for the product, the Newton–Leibniz formula, and the logarithmic properties. We secondly establish a newly infinity blow‐up criterion such that the lower bound function of weak solutions is at least doubly exponential growth by the nonconcavity method and the nonincreasing property for the energy functional. We finally establish a sufficient condition such that the upper bound function with doubly exponential growth is greater than or equal to the lower bound function with doubly exponential growth by the quotient comparison principle. In addition, we also find the threshold of the doubly exponential growth and the doubly exponential decay and obtain for any as These research results improve previous results from both decay and growth.
Effective Dynamics for a Class of Stochastic Parabolic Equation Driven by LéVy Noise With a Fast Oscillation
Authors: Zhao Jin‐Wei , Ge Bin , Liu Lu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we mainly study the effective dynamic behavior of a class of stochastic parabolic equations driven by Lévy noise with a fast oscillation, and the coefficients of the system are assumed to satisfy the non‐Lipschitz condition. The work in the article is roughly divided into two parts. The first part, due to the change of conditions, we must consider the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the system. In the second part, we show that the original system driven by Lévy noise is reduced into an effective equation. To be more accurate, the fast component equation is averaged out, and there exists an effective process converging to the original stochastic parabolic equation. The main contribution is that the obtained results can extend the existing results from the Lipschitz condition to a weaker condition with a wider application scope, that is, the non‐Lipschitz condition, and the driving process is Lévy noise, which seems new in the existing literature.
New Wigner Distribution and Ambiguity Function for the Offset Fractional Fourier Transform and Their Applications
Authors: Minh Lai Tien 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces the new offset fractional Fourier Wigner distribution and offset fractional Fourier ambiguity function (OFrWD and OFrAF). Moreover, many various useful properties of them are also derived. Besides, convolutions via offset fractional Fourier transform are also introduced. Furthermore, the relationships between proposed convolutions and the OFrWD as well as OFrAF are also obtained. In addition, with the help of simulation, applications of OFrWD and OFrAF are established, such as designing multiplicative filters in the offset fractional Fourier transform (OFrFT) domain and detecting the parameters of single‐component and multicomponent linear frequency‐modulated (LFM) signals.
Compact Non‐Planner Inverted Stacked Modified Microstrip Antenna With Enhanced Performance of Ultra‐Wideband Applications
Authors: Verma Sonmati , Singh Rajiv Kumar , Srivastava Neelam , Verma Alka , Sarkar Anirban 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article introduces a compact non‐planner inverted stacked microstrip antenna tailored for ultrawideband (UWB) applications. The innovative design of the antenna features a folded feed technique combined with a slotted lower patch and an additional parasitic upper patch, showcasing a novel approach to enhancing performance. Compactness is achieved by integrating a shorting wall, significantly reducing the antenna size without compromising performance. The proposed antenna demonstrates exceptional simulated bandwidth (S11<−10 dB) of 11020 MHz (3.6–14.62 GHz), equivalent to 120.9%, and measured impedance bandwidth of 11310 MHz (3.63–14.94 GHz), reflecting a substantial fractional bandwidth of 121.80%. Furthermore, it achieves a peak gain of 9 dBi, making it highly suitable for UWB operations. The combination of its compact size, extensive bandwidth, and stable radiation patterns makes this antenna a highly effective and appropriate choice for UWB technology.
Comparative Analysis of Vestibular Dysfunction and Compensation in Ramsay‐Hunt Syndrome and Vestibular Neuritis
Authors: Lovin Benjamin D. , Vrabec Jeffrey T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate vestibular loss and compensation in Ramsay‐Hunt syndrome with dizziness (RHS‐D) and vestibular neuritis (VN).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study from 2019 to 2023.SettingTertiary care neurotology practice.MethodsPatients with RHS‐D or VN who underwent videonystagmography, including cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), caloric stimulation, rotary chair, and oculomotor testing, were reviewed and stratified by vertigo etiology. The main outcome measures were rates and severity of vestibular loss, as measured by cVEMP and caloric stimulation, and of vestibular compensation, as measured by rotary chair and oculomotor testing.ResultsTen patients were found to have RHS‐D and 22 with VN. Caloric and cVEMP abnormalities were noted in 100 and 70% of RHS‐D patients compared to 60 and 20% with VN (P = .029 and P = .034, respectively). RHS‐D patients were significantly more likely to present with concurrent caloric and cVEMP abnormalities compared to VN (70 and 13%, respectively; P = .009). Vestibular loss appeared more severe in RHS‐D compared to VN suggested by significantly lower mean bithermal slow phase velocity sum (3.8 and 21 degrees per second, respectively), greater canal paresis (78.7 and 40.2%, respectively), and greater cVEMP amplitude asymmetry (64 and 31%, respectively) (P = .014, P < .001, and P = .053, respectively). Regarding vestibular compensation, abnormal gain asymmetry was present in 88% of RHS‐D patients with a mean asymmetry of 31.2 compared to 11% in VN with a mean of 14.0 (P = .019 and P = .003, respectively).ConclusionCompared to VN, RHS‐D patients appear to suffer from a more profound vestibular loss and a worsened ability to compensate for such deficits.
Development and Validation of an Explainable Prediction Model for Postoperative Recurrence in Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Jiang Sijie , Qi Bo , Xie Shaobing , Xie Zhihai , Zhang Hua , Jiang Weihong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to develop an interpretable machine learning (ML) predictive model to assess its efficacy in predicting postoperative recurrence in pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Study DesignA decision analysis was performed with retrospective clinical data.SettingRecurrent group and nonrecurrent group.MethodsThis retrospective study included 148 pediatric CRS treated with functional endoscopic sinus surgery from January 2015 to January 2022. We collected demographic characteristics and peripheral blood inflammatory indices, and calculated inflammation indices. Models were trained with 3 ML algorithms and compared their predictive performance using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve. Shapley Additive Explanations and Ceteris Paribus profiles were used for model interpretation. The final model was transformed into a web for interactive visualization.ResultsAmong the 3 ML models, the Random Forest (RF) model demonstrated the best discriminative ability (AUC = 0.728). After reducing features based on importance and tuning parameters, the final RF model, including 4 features (systemic immune inflammation index (SII), pan‐immune‐inflammation value (PIV) and percentage of eosinophils (E%) and lymphocytes (L%)), showed good predictive performance in internal validation (AUC = 0.779). Global interpretation of the model suggested that L% and E% substantially contribute to the overall model. Local interpretation revealed a nonlinear relationship between the included features and model predictions. To enhance its clinical utility, the model was converted into a web (https://juice153.shinyapps.io/CRSRecurrencePrediction/).ConclusionOur ML model demonstrated promising accuracy in predicting postoperative recurrence in pediatric CRS, revealing a complex nonlinear relationship between postoperative recurrence and the features SII, PIV, L%, and E%.
Epoxy resin‐based biomass composites based on modified corn stalks: Preparation, properties, and toughening mechanism
Authors: Lou Chunhua , Yang Yuxin , Jiang Siyu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, a series of sustainable eco‐friendly epoxy resin (EP)‐based biomass composites (DSA‐CS/EP) were prepared using bisphenol A EP as matrix, 2‐methylimidazole as curing agent, and corn stalk (CS) esterified with dodecene succinic anhydride (DSA) as filler. The static contact angle test results showed that the hydrophobicity of CS after esterification with DSA (DSA‐CS) was enhanced, which results in the compatibility of DSA‐CS with EP matrix was improved. And then, the DSA‐CSs were dispersed homogeneously in the matrix without agglomerating. The morphology and properties of the biomass composites were studied and analyzed in order to elucidate the toughening mechanism of CS and DSA‐CS. When the content of DSA‐CS is 15 wt%, the tensile strength and impact strength of DSA‐CS/EP reached a maximum value of 30.39 MPa and 3.34 KJ/m2, which were increased by 128.49% and 81.52% compared with pure EP. Finally, it is deduced that the possible toughening mechanism is that DSA‐CS can not only share part of the external stress but also a mutual solute region is formed between DSA‐CS and EP matrix.Highlights
Corn stalks esterified by DSA were used as reinforcement filler for epoxy resin.
The cellulose in CS was mainly esterified.
The tensile and impact strength of DSA‐CS 15/EP reached a maximum value.
A mutual solute region is formed between filler and matrix.
GWAS analysis for plant height and stem diameter in sorghum using multiple phenotyping approaches
Authors: Boatwright Lucas , Thudi Mahendar , Sangireddy Manoj Kumar Reddy , Coffin Alisa W. , Tadesse Haile K. , Vutla Sairam , Harris‐Shultz Karen , Knoll Joseph E. , Cuevas Hugo , Kumar Neeraj , Soman Chinmay , Schnable James , Punnuri Somashekhar M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important cereal crop cultivated around the globe. To identify the genomic regions responsible for plant height and stem diameter, a subset of the sorghum association panel was phenotyped using manual, ground‐robot, and drone‐based phenotyping approaches during 2019 and 2020 at Tifton, GA. Manual and ground‐robot‐based plant heights had a lower correlation (r =  0.55) than the manual and drone‐based measurements (r =  0.61). Tukey's mean difference plot analysis indicated that both high‐throughput methods were less accurate with taller accessions. In genome‐wide association studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions and deletions (indels), and copy number variants, a total of 136 and 18 SNP loci associated with plant height were identified using mixed linear model and fixed and random model circulating probability unification models. For the first time, we report eight significant SNPs associated with stem diameter using a ground‐based robot. We were able to detect all four major dwarfing genes (Dw1 through Dw4) using manual phenotyping; in contrast, Dw2 was identified using both manual and ground‐robot‐based phenotyping. Sorbi.3004G093400, a gene located 19 kb upstream of the SNP locus SBI‐04_7987371 and a member of the glycoside hydrolase superfamily 35, plays a role in stem diameter, plant height, and is involved in cellular processes. Novel associations (eight for stem diameter), SNPs, and structural variants identified in this study can be used for manipulating plant height and stem diameter in sorghum.
Offshore Wind‐Hydrogen Systems Fault Detection Based on CNN‐BiLSTM‐AM Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Tianxiang , Sun Li , Zhou Yilai , Kang Zhuang , Li He , Kang Jichuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study presents a novel deep learning‐based approach for fault detection in offshore wind‐hydrogen systems. A fault detection model is developed using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), bidirectional long short‐term memory networks (BiLSTMs), and an attention mechanism (AM). The model is trained on a dataset generated through fault injection techniques, which simulate real‐world faults in the system. Key operational parameters, such as wind speed and hydrogen production rate, are used to detect faults effectively. This paper reduces reliance on actual experiments, and introducing artificial faults allows system performance assessment under different fault scenarios, lowering project risks and costs. This work facilitates automatic feature extraction and high‐precision classification of time‐series fault data, which covers a fully automated learning process from data to fault detection. The outstanding performance of the method is validated through computation and result comparison.
A portable low‐cost incubation chamber for real‐time characterization of soil respiration
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thuc , Altman Ariel , Huang Laibin , Rodrigues Jorge L. Mazza , Dahlke Helen E. , Kamennaya Nina A. , Levintal Elad 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMonitoring CO2 or O2 concentrations within a closed, volume‐defined chamber is widely used to quantify soil respiration during laboratory soil incubation experiments. The standard method of using periodic manual gas sampling is costly, labor‐intensive, and frequently fails to capture the aerobic respiration process. Thus, tools that allow continuous, real‐time tracking of CO2 and O2 concentration changes are needed for soil respiration research. This study presents a new, portable, low‐cost (∼$700), open‐source sensor system to measure CO2 and O2 concentrations in four closed chambers. We provided non‐engineering end‐users with step‐by‐step instructions on how to build the system, enabling replication and customization. System performance was tested by comparing two respiration rates using the same soil—soil with and without glucose added for 1 week. Consistent CO2 production and O2 consumption rates were measured at 1‐min intervals, and the reliability of the system was validated by a trace gas analyzer. Two distinctive continuous apparent respiratory quotient time series between two soil treatments were observed, with higher values of CO2 in glucose soil, demonstrating the ability of the system to capture ongoing respiration processes and sufficient sensitivity to distinguish differences among respiration substrates (i.e., glucose). The tested performance of the system highlights its capabilities for soil respiration research and the potential for further adoption in real‐time gas monitoring applications.
Terminal Tryptophan‐Directed Anisotropic Self‐Assembly for Precise Protein Nanostructure Regulation
Authors: Jang Young Eun , Huh June , Choi Yoobin , Kim Yusik , Lee Jeewon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA common challenge in nanotechnology is synthesizing nanomaterials with well‐defined structures. In particular, it remains a major unresolved challenge to precisely regulate the structure and function of protein nanomaterials, which are structurally diverse, highly ordered, and complex and offer an innovative means that enables a high performance in various nanodevices, which is rarely achievable with other nanomaterials. Here an innovative approach is proposed to fabricating multi‐dimensional (0‐ to 3D) protein nanostructures with functional and structural specialties via molecular‐level regulation. This approach is based on a stable, consistent, anisotropic self‐assembly of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein‐derived engineered building blocks where genetically added tryptophan residues are externally tailored. The unique structural characteristics of each nanostructure above are demonstrated in detail through various analyses (electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering) and further investigated through molecular dynamics simulations, indicating that this control, anisotropic, and molecular assembly‐based approach to regulating protein nanostructures holds great potential for customizing a variety of nanomaterials with unique functions and structures.
Quality Assessment of Gegen Zhitong Mixture Based on Chemical Fingerprints Combined with Quantitative Analysis of Multi‐Components with a Single‐Marker
Authors: Xin Hu , Zhiqiang Hu , Lu Cheng , Hongfeng Xu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas were one of the most important treasures in TCMs. Gegen Zhitong mixture (GGZTM) was a Chinese medicine preparation (CMP) developed by Wuhan No.1 Hospital according to a TCM formula. The comprehensive quality assessment of CMPs is necessary to ensure their safe and effective use for medical purposes. However, the existing quality evaluation of GGZTM was limited to the content determination of a single marker compound, making it difficult to fully monitor its overall quality. Therefore, an approach that profiled a comprehensive chemical description of GGZTM based on high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed for the first time, and the characteristic common peaks of GGZTM were identified in the present study. Secondly, a quantitative analysis of multi‐components with a single‐marker (QASM) was developed, which could be employed to simultaneously determine the content of three components in GGZTM. Finally, the laboratory prepared a self‐made GGZTM according to the prescription composition and systematically compared it with the GGZTM through similarity analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis based on chemical fingerprints and the content of intrinsic marker components. In conclusion, the developed method is accurate and stable and can be applied to quality control in the production process of GGZTM.
Recent Advances of Metal‐Organic Frameworks and Derivatives for Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries
Authors: Wang Dan‐Yang , Choo Hong‐Han , Hu Erhai , Song Jinxuan , Sumboja Afriyanti , Anggraningrum Ivandini T. , Syahrial Anne Zulfia , Yan Qingyu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn light of cost‐effectiveness, high volumetric capacity, and abundant supplies on Earth of aluminum metal, the rechargeable aluminum battery (RAB) represents a cutting‐edge alternative for energy storage devices. RABs have achieved significant progress as a result of tireless efforts; however, challenges like as expensive ionic liquid electrolytes, a restricted voltage window of aqueous electrolytes, corroded anode, and rapid capacity degradation limit their practical applications. In terms of increasing RAB mileage, electrode materials can be regarded as the foundation of battery performance. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), which have customizable topologies, multiple active sites, and various metal centers and ligands, are promising electrode materials. Herein, for the first time, we deliver in detail the recent advancement of MOFs in RABs. The relationship on structure‐properties‐performance of MOFs is thoroughly discussed. MOF and MOF‐derived electrode materials are first summarized. In aluminum sulfur/selenium batteries, MOF can serve as a host to capture the sulfides or selenides. Furthermore, the MOF as catalysts for aluminum‐air batteries are provided. Then we focused on the challenges and opportunities that RABs would face in the future, and some prospects are presented. We believe this account will facilitate the exploration of MOFs in RABs and give more inspiration for discovering advanced RABs.
Non‐Original and Digitally Captured Handwriting: Considerations for Forensic Handwriting Examinations
Authors: Jones Kylie , Bird Carolyne Lindsay 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNon‐original handwriting and signatures are commonly encountered in the forensic environment. Non‐original handwriting could be the product of a reproduction, or originally executed writing that has been digitally recorded or captured. Forensic handwriting examiners (FHEs) are required to take into consideration several limiting factors when expressing opinions regarding apparent similarities and/or dissimilarities when examining non‐original samples of writing. Handwriting that has been digitally captured has a unique set of limitations but could also have additional, useful features such as dynamic measurements that, under certain conditions, can contribute to the comparison. This article is an overview of the rationale for the special treatment and thought afforded to non‐original and digitally captured writing during a handwriting or signature examination and comparison process and is intended to guide the thought process and considerations required by FHEs when encountering this type of material.