bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Pittard John 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This brief conclusion notes that perhaps unlike strong conciliationism, the rationalist weak conciliationism that is defended in the book does not by itself provide a way of criticizing all undesirable forms of religious extremism. And a widespread attempt to follow rationalist weak conciliationism would arguably do less to improve humankind’s overall accuracy on religious matters than a widespread attempt to follow strong conciliationism. It is maintained that these considerations are not reasons to think that rationalist weak conciliationism is incorrect. Moreover, strong conciliationism may prove corrosive to both epistemic and practical rationality in the religious domain.
Shaping Cities and the Social Relationships Within Them
Authors: Polèse Mario 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Some cities are more compact, and others are more sprawled; some are more segregated by class or race, and others are more socially cohesive. The outcomes are always in part shaped by national policies. This chapter first explores the drivers of urban form and of social and economic relations in cities, beginning with public policies toward transit, car use, and the consumption of land. Then it turns to the role of downtowns in shaping cities. The greatest challenge remains the promotion of social cohesion and social peace in large, diverse urban regions, notably in ethnically and racially divided societies. Instituting appropriate models of metropolitan governance, ensuring the equitable provision of people services (such as education and health), and curbing exclusionary practices (NIMBYs) are core issues, which societies have approached differently. The success of Vienna, ranked the world’s most livable city, has its roots in a unique model of metropolitan governance and housing provision but one that is difficult to transpose to other national settings.
Shaping the Local Economic Environment
Authors: Polèse Mario 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the attributes that help make local environments conducive to productive economic behavior. Several attributes are explored, beginning with integrity in local government and a short history of corruption and urban mismanagement in America, New Orleans serving as an instructive example. New Orleans’s sad story takes us back to Louisiana’s early history, the issue of race never far from the surface. The chapter also describes how the roots of Silicon Valley’s success go back to the California Gold Rush, helping to shape a unique institutional environment that promoted innovation. As the chapter explains, the unlikely success of Minneapolis-St. Paul, both peripheral and cold, can be traced back to Minnesota’s first settlers. Many of these early settlers were Scandinavian who traditionally placed a high value on education and work. Primary and secondary education matter as much, and often more, than PhDs. A competent and numerically literate workforce is at the core of many small and midsized urban success stories.
Paris
Authors: Polèse Mario 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Paris is one of the world’s truly great cities. Yet, this great metropolis punches below its weight. Although it is continental Europe’s largest city, it is not the continent’s financial or corporate center; nor is it a leader in today’s digital economy. This chapter examines the reasons behind Paris’s apparent weakness as a global economic player. Five reasons are explored: (1) the decline of the French language and French culture on the world stage; (2) France’s highly centralized tradition of governance and rigid labor market; (3) the political fragmentation of metropolitan Paris, still in search of an appropriate model of regional governance; (4) Paris’s social divides, manifested most cruelly in the impoverished cités of its suburbs; (5) the French state’s policies toward central Paris, which have tended to favor cultural monuments over economic and research functions.
Pradyumna and His Foundation Narrative in the Critical Text Harivaṃśa
Authors: Austin Christopher R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Chapter 3 turns to the Harivaṃśa’s foundational episode of Pradyumna’s birth. As soon as Pradyumna is born, the demon Śambara abducts him and gives him to his wife Māyāvatī to raise as her own son. Māyāvatī approaches Pradyumna sexually once he is fully grown, explaining that she is not his mother; Pradyumna slays Śambara, accepts Māyāvatī as a love partner, and returns to his real family, where Kṛṣṇa identifies him as the rebirth of Kāmadeva, the God of Love. The episode is examined through a number of lenses, particularly a set of gendered premises on the nature of women and certain social-sexual dynamics of South Asian families. In sum, it is argued that the Harivaṃśa birth narrative constructs Pradyumna as a vaṃśa-vīra, or “lineage-hero,” a champion whose sexual virility and beauty, military power and resilience against the forces of infant mortality make him a champion of his father’s ancestral line.
Pradyumna-Kāmadeva in the Major Vaiṣṇava Purāṇas
Authors: Austin Christopher R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Chapter 4 documents Pradyumna’s changing identity and significance in the context of the evolving Vaiṣṇava tradition, chiefly through an analysis of the abduction narrative as it is retold in the Viṣṇu, Bhāgavata, and Brahmavaivarta Purāṇas. Without radically changing the original Harivaṃśa scene, the sources reveal that three characteristics of Pradyumna have begun to emerge through a process of mutual fertilization: he is Kāmadeva, the handsome God of Love incarnate; he is a master of māyā or illusion; and he is a double of his father Kṛṣṇa. Important shifts in the meaning and role of bhakti (devotion) in Kṛṣṇa worship between the fifth and tenth centuries ce are identified as key factors underlying these developments. Particularly, Pradyumna’s identity as both the God of Love reborn and the double of Kṛṣṇa becomes hugely significant for the Bhāgavata Purāṇa, which is deeply invested in a theology of Kṛṣṇa as a magnetic object of desire.
Late Developments of the Harivaṃśa and the Prabhāvatī Episode
Authors: Austin Christopher R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the Harivaṃśa’s appendices or late additions made roughly over the fifth- to twelfth-century ce period, particularly the elaboration of the Pradyumna-Śambara battle and the introduction of an altogether new and lengthy episode, the Prabhāvatī romance or slaying of Vajranābha, colored by the erotic-aesthetic vocabulary of śṛṅgāra. Here, the driving theme of Pradyumna’s mythic persona is reasserted, namely the audacious appropriation of a feminine figure ostensibly protected by an enemy male, whose violent defeat comes parceled with the emasculating discovery of his failure to protect her from the handsome boy’s virile magnetism. The chapter argues that the Prabhāvatī episode applies as never before the logic of the avatāra system, making of Pradyumna a charming actor upon a stage who, like his father Kṛṣṇa, assumes a temporary guise in a theatrical mode in order to destroy a demonic power threatening the gods and the cosmic order.
Free Speech and the University
Authors: Baer Ulrich 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This first chapter identifies two problems with free speech in the college context. First, free speech creates a conflict when it interferes with the equality guarantees legally mandated for higher education. Second, free speech controversies undermine the university’s role as an arbiter of truth in society. When viewed in relation to equality and truth, the issues surrounding free speech take on larger significance. They signal a crisis for democracy not by prohibiting hate speech but by eroding the university’s purpose of making decisions over what merits debate and what is considered settled and widely accepted truth.
What “Snowflakes” Get Right About Free Speech
Authors: Baer Ulrich 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
How do we balance the university’s fundamental commitments to freedom of expression and to equality? With the help of philosophy, political science, legal scholarship, and common sense, it is possible to draw a bright line around ideas that do not merit further debate. These ideas suggest that some people are inherently inferior human beings. It is not necessary to include arguments about such pseudo-science in universities to maintain freedom of academic research. The student protesters who object to such speakers correctly point out that the standing and participation of minority students, faculty, and staff in the university are not just desirable and beneficial for the advancement of knowledge, but also legally mandated. The chapter concludes that the advocacy of white supremacy and its response in protest movements constitute the fundamental question facing our democracy today.
A Slippery Slope, or Who Is to Draw the Line?
Authors: Baer Ulrich 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Is there reason to fear that any regulation of speech, which our laws have always recognized, will lead to the suppression of voices we currently like? Is the cost of having free speech the toleration of hate speech? This chapter relies on leading legal scholars to show that the slippery slope is not an argument, and that invoking it serves to shut down productive debate rather than identify a genuine risk. It is not only possible but necessary to draw a line regarding hate speech, and it is possible to define such speech.
History: From Jazz Ambassadors to Hip Hop Diplomats
Authors: Katz Mark 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter chronicles the history of official US cultural diplomacy, starting in the 1930s up until the birth of hip hop diplomacy in 2001 and the establishment of Next Level, the first State Department–funded hip hop diplomacy program, in 2013. National security threats have long been the animating force behind US cultural diplomacy. First, the threat was fascism. Later, it was communism, and then terrorism. The first hip hop “diplomat” was rapper Toni Blackman. Next Level originated in the State Department’s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA). Mark Katz was the founding director of Next Level.
Songs Instead of Missiles: Agency and Subversive Complicity
Authors: Katz Mark 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses how US hip hop artists justify their participation in State Department–sponsored programs given hip hop’s traditional oppositional, anti-government stance. Many factors motivate artists to participate. Artists cite this work as an opportunity to travel; teach; encounter different cultures; represent their country, culture, gender, race, ethnicity, etc.; and build global hip hop community. This chapter considers whether these artists can be considered complicit with the actions of the government, whether they can act subversively, and whether they can do both at the same time, embodying what can be called subversive complicity.
Conclusion
Authors: Katz Mark 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The conclusion considers the value of the partnership between hip hop and diplomacy. Hip hop diplomacy has value in convening groups unlikely to collaborate otherwise; it can be a source of validation for hip hop artists and their communities; and it can generate a favorable view of the United States and good will towards its citizens. Such positive outcomes, however, are not automatic and require that programs be conducted with respect, humility, self-awareness and a willingness to collaborate with local partners. Although the State Department faced severe funding cuts in the first years of the Trump administration, hip hop diplomacy has remained well-funded, although its future is uncertain. Specific anecdotes and case studies come from Next Level programs in Bangladesh, El Salvador, and Morocco.
The Neuroscience of Addiction
Authors: Butler Jay C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Effective public health approaches to addressing the opioid crisis require an understanding of addiction as a health condition primarily involving the brain, rather than an individual’s series of ongoing “bad choices” or inherent criminal tendencies that ultimately lead to poor health outcomes. Addiction has been defined as “the most severe, chronic stage of substance-use disorder, in which there is a substantial loss of self-control, as indicated by compulsive drug taking despite the desire to stop taking the drug.” Whether addiction is viewed primarily as a “disease” or the outcome of experiential and environmental influences, chronic changes that occur in the brain of the person with addiction form the scientific basis of an effective public health response. Understanding the behavioral changes driven by addiction is vital since they have a profound impact on public safety, the criminal justice system, and public health. This chapter provides an overview of the changes that occur in the brain during development of addiction and how understanding these changes can improve public health practice and policy. It complements more complete clinical and basic science reviews of the neuroscience of addiction that have been recently published.
Collaborating to Address Substance Use Disorder in Correctional Settings
Authors: Martin Rosemarie A. , Alexander-Scott Nicole , Wendelken Joseph , Clarke Jennifer G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
For years, advocates in Rhode Island, including many individuals on staff at the Rhode Island Department of Corrections, envisioned a criminal justice system that did not perpetuate the crises of substance use disorder and overdose and instead helped address them thought treatment and recovery supports. In 2016, the state’s corrections department introduced the first statewide correctional system medication-assisted treatment program in the country to initiate a comprehensive program to screen for opioid use disorder. The program is demonstrating successful results. Continued public health and corrections collaboration lay the groundwork for additional innovations in program implementation, including the Rhode Island Department of Health’s focus on health equity and the social determinants of health. This chapter shares the Rhode Island experience as a potential model for other state programs.
Systems Thinking and the Opioid Epidemic in Georgia
Authors: Manteuffel Brigitte , Alderman Leigh , Branscomb Jane , Minyard Karen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Systems thinking in public health is an analytic approach that takes a broad perspective to a health issue or challenge and considers the interrelated pieces and dependencies at play within the larger context of that issue. Systems thinking describes the interconnected factors that combine to contribute to many of the complex public health challenges practitioners face in their day-to-day work. Key to systems thinking is the idea that to truly solve a public health problem, one must understand and change the way the system works to create and sustain that problem. Changing just one part of a system can have incomplete (or even adverse) effects on overall outcomes. A systems thinking approach to the opioid epidemic involves understanding that a combination of factors that address various components and structures of the system is warranted to curb opioid misuse and addiction trends at the local, state, and national levels.
Public Health and the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Tennis Gary , Martz Kenneth J. , Charlier Jac A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Approximately two-thirds of America’s incarcerated population suffers with untreated or undertreated substance use disorders, and many of those individuals commit several crimes related to drug use and addiction on a daily basis prior to being incarcerated. To end the opioid epidemic in the United States we not only need to bolster our health care and public health response to substance use disorders, we need to engage the criminal justice system as a specific touchpoint for public health intervention in communities and states across the country. The principal argument in the chapter is that while individuals with opioid and/or other substance use disorders should get treatment before ever being involved in crime—if they are justice-involved, it is imperative that the criminal justice system serve as a belated but necessary public health and health care intervention supportive of treatment, recovery, and prevention of addiction.
Prescribing Guidelines and Opioid Stewardship
Authors: Bicket Mark , Alexander Caleb 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Given the central role that the overuse of prescription opioids has played in the opioid epidemic, prescribing guidelines and opioid stewardship are critical strategies to reduce opioid-related addiction, injury, and death. This chapter highlights why prescribing guidelines are important and can improve the safe and effective use of opioids in clinical practice. Prescribing guidelines represent one important approach to fostering opioid stewardship, although there are many others, including public health surveillance, sound organizational policies, and patient and family engagement. Guidelines provide an efficient means of disseminating best practices to prescribers, patients, and others in a position to influence clinical care, such as policymakers and payers. Rigorously developed guidelines offer a valuable synthesis of the field, and thus serve as an important resource for individuals and organizations looking for an authoritative examination of the evidence base supporting the use of opioids in clinical and community practice.
Developing a Culture of Opioid Stewardship
Authors: Michalowski Allison , Boateng Sarah , Fraser Michael R. , Levine Rachel L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The goal of opioid stewardship is to provide public health practitioners and health care professionals with the education and tools they need to appropriately prescribe opioid medications to patients for whom an opioid is indicated and to reduce the overall supply of unused opioid medications that might be diverted and used by individuals other than the intended patient. In this chapter, the Pennsylvania Department of Health’s experience with developing a comprehensive opioid stewardship approach illustrates that creating a statewide culture of opioid stewardship is a process requiring active involvement of health care professionals, provider and patient groups, law enforcement agencies, academic institutions and large health systems, state policymakers and politicians, and the general public. By analyzing Pennsylvania’s experience of building a culture of opioid stewardship, other states can learn how to foster opioid stewardship to ensure its effective spread across the nation.
Social Contracts: The Formation of Political Sovereignty
Authors: Brett Mark G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The creation of political sovereignty in ancient Israel arose through alliances of kinship networks under a king, and this was facilitated by tribal elders and by a single charismatic leader, Samuel. The chapter shows how the elders of Israel prevailed in their argument for a king “like all the nations” by entering into social contracts between kinship groups, rather than by invoking a preexisting divine law that provides for the possibility of monarchy. The subsequent history of kingship eventually gave rise to a utopian law that provides for a strangely modern-looking constitutional monarch (Deut 17:14–20), but there is no evidence in the books of Samuel that the legal framework of Deuteronomy helped to shape the origins of political sovereignty in ancient Israel and Judah.
Colonial Inversions: Roger Williams and Wiremu Tāmihana
Authors: Brett Mark G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter turns to some remarkable examples in the colonial history of the Bible’s reception. In the seventeenth century, Roger Williams opposed Puritan national allegories by adopting the Persian imperial imaginary in order to secure Indian rights on Rhode Island. Wiremu Tāmihana advanced a similar anticolonial purpose in nineteenth-century Aotearoa New Zealand by embracing the law of kingship from Deuteronomy. Whether in ancient or modern times, the sheer complexity of intergroup conflict in colonial contexts is not always reducible to binary contrasts between elites and subalterns, or imperialists and nativists. The more subtle postcolonial readings will attend to the details of mimetic circulation, both in the compositional layers of the Bible and in its reception. The discussion includes historical reflections on the settler colonial context within which this book was written, Australia.
Conclusions, Hypotheses, and Reflections
Authors: Klawans Jonathan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The main conclusions of the work are briefly recapitulated. The Christian heresiological condemnation of novelty has Jewish roots. The Jewish aversion to innovation can be seen in the various ways ancient Jews disguised new things as if they were older. The early Christian embrace of innovation constitutes an important departure from broader ancient Jewish trends. Building on these conclusions, some additional hypotheses are offered concerning the possible interrelationships between heresiological condemnations of innovation and polemical, supersessionistic assertions of innovation. Perhaps the Christian embrace of the new and condemnation of the old were themselves born as polemic responses to Jewish condemnations of novelty. Finally, some additional reflections are offered for consideration, concerning the eventual “partings of the ways” between Judaism and Christianity and some intriguing interrelationships between heresiology and scholarship.
Introduction
Authors: Hamidaddin Abdullah 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe introduction highlights the main issues that have arisen when exploring religion in Saudi Arabia, and the different approach this volume takes. It also explores the development of debates on religion in Saudi Arabia, demonstrating that the recent critiques of religion have some precedent, and showing how the internet and the rise of social media accelerated the development of those debates in both form and content. Then it discusses a personal encounter with heresy and nonbelief in Saudi Arabia which prompted interest in this matter and the writing of this book. It briefly points to the volume’s methodological justifications for using social media as a key source of social understanding. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, this introduction discusses the key ethical considerations this volume has had to undertake as it analyzes public and private statements in matters of a highly sensitive nature.
Religious Disengagements
Authors: Hamidaddin Abdullah 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis chapter explores in detail some of the stories of Saudis who underwent changes in their belief system, specifically changes away from the basic fundamental precepts of Islam. This chapter complements that discussion on public criticism of religion on Twitter by understanding the stories behind the ideas. It probes into the personal lives of individuals of various religious, educational, and socioeconomic backgrounds seeking a deeper understanding of the reasons behind their religious transformations. The chapter highlights the key issues pertaining to those stories, most notably the biases and misinterpretations that are inextricable and unavoidable, and also the validity of using life stories to understand a wider social phenomenon. Finally, the chapter discusses the impact of modernity on those religious transformations, suggesting that modern sensibilities have a more fundamental impact on disengaging from religion than do philosophical or scientific ideas.