bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intérêt thérapeutique du milnacipran et de la clomipramine au cours d’un traitement de 3 mois: résultats d’un essai comparatif
Authors: Clerc G , Pagot R , Bouchard JM , Oules J , Guibert M , Assicot M , Guillard A , Cottin M , Dachary JM , Bezaury JP , Parmentier G , Gresle P , von Frenckell R , Serre C 
Published: April 2020

RésuméCent douze patients hospitalisés pour un épisode dépressif majeur (75% appartenant au sous-type mélancolique), d’origine endogène selon les critères de Newcastle, ont reçu du milnacipran (100 mg/24 h) ou de la clomipramine (150 mg/24 h) pendant une durée maximale de 3 mois lors d‘un essai réalisé en double-insu. Après exclusion d‘une observation du groupe clomipramine (arrêt à J3 pour nausées), restaient 111 observations exploitables pour l’analyse de l’activité : (milnacipran : 55 ; clomipramine: 56). Quatre-vingt-quatorze pour cent des patients ont atteint 4 semaines de traitement, 78% 8 semaines et 74% 12 semaines. Le nombre de sorties d’essai était comparable dans les 2 groupes, le pourcentage de celles qui étaient liées à un défaut d’activité étant identique (12,5%). A tous les temps étudiés, de J7 à J84, les évolutions obtenues sous milnacipran et sous clomipramine ont été comparables, pour les scores totaux des échelles de dépression de Hamilton (1967), de Montgomery et Asberg (1979) (MADRS) et de ralentissement de Widlocher (1981), mais aussi pour chacun des items de ces échelles. L’amélioration moyenne du score total de la MADRS a été, à partir d’un score initial de 38, de: 41% à J14; 66% à J28; 74% à J56; 76% à J84 sous milnacipran; 41% à J14; 59% à J28; 76% à J56; 83% à J84 sous clomipramine. Pour tous les paramètres étudiés, les niveaux de signification étaient particulièrement élevés (P = 0,3 à 0,9), indiquant des profils d’activité pharmacodynamique identiques pour le milnacipran et la clomipramine. L’appréciation du rapport bénéfice/risque (CG1-3), a été constamment favorable au milnacipran, avec des différences significatives à J14, J21, J28, J56 et J70: ces résultats favorables traduisaient la meilleure tolérance du milnacipran, notamment vis-à-vis des sécheresses buccales, des vertiges et des tremblements. Les activités antidépressives du milnacipran 100 mg et de la clomipramine 150 mg ont été identiques tout au long de cet essai de 3 mois. Le milnacipran a été mieux toléré que la clomipramine. Les résultats de cette étude ont confirmé ceux d‘études antérieures, en référence à d‘autres tricycliques ou à un placebo.
Nosological status of schizoaffective disorders: Theoretical models and empirical evidence
Authors: Maj Mario , Kemali Dargut 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe question of the nosological status of schizoaffective disorders remains one of the most controversial issues of clinical psychiatry. There are, in fact, at least five different hypotheses about the nature of these disorders: • that they are always variants of schizophrenia, • that they are always variants of major affective disorders, • that they represent a “third psychosis” distinct from both schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness, • that they find their place in the intermediate position of a “continuum” whose poles are represented by the typical forms of schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness, • that they result from the simultaneous occurrence of a true schizophrenia and a true manic-depressive illness in the same patient. The last of these hypotheses can hardly be accepted, since it would predict an annual frequency of schizoaffective disorders of about 2 per 108, compared to the actual frequency of 2 per 105. Of the remaining four hypotheses, the first two are consistent with the Kraepelinian “dichotomic” paradigm, whereas the third and the fourth contradict this paradigm. The results of empirical investigations (that is, of family studies, outcome studies and studies on response to drug treatments in schizoaffective patients) do not provide a full support to any of the above hypotheses. What empirical evidence seems to show, instead, is that schizoaffective disorders represent a heterogeneous group of syndromes. Part of these disorders can be interpreted, upon close scrutiny, as variants of either of the major psychoses (for instance, bipolar schizoaffective States appear to be closely allied to major affective disorders). There seems to be, however, a subpopulation of schizoaffective patients which escapes the Kraepelinian dichotomic model.
Machaut's motets on secular songs
Authors: CLARK ALICE V. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTIn his three motets with tenors taken from secular songs, Guillaume de Machaut experiments with upper voice structures that borrow from the talea principle used in chant-based motets, creating hybrid forms that reflect aspects of the motet's overall subject. In two cases, Machaut sets up upper-voice taleae that do not coincide with their song-based tenor but interact with it in interesting ways. Trop plus est bele / Biauté paree de valour / Je ne sui mie certeins (M20) balances these formal principles to reflect a perfect love balanced between the dedicatory and the sacralised, while Lasse! comment oublieray / Se j'aim mon loyal ami / Pour quoy me bat mes maris? (M16) creates three opposing forms that reflect a Lady looking in two different directions, towards a beloved and a husband who abuses her. Dame je sui cilz qui weil endurer / Fins cuers doulz, on me deffent / T. Fins cuers doulz (M11) does not define regular upper-voice taleae, but rather uses the tools by which taleae are defined in the upper voices – long rests, hocket sections, and melodic repetition – to merge disparate formal principles in the service of a motet that discusses a woman who merges a soft appearance with a hard reality. Here Machaut also uses hexachordal punning, combining sharps and flats to express the Lady's contradictory qualities.
Reactive oxygen species in reproduction: harmful, essential or both?
Authors: Jamil M. , Debbarh H. , Aboulmaouahib S. , Aniq Filali O. , Mounaji K. , Zarqaoui M. , Saadani B. , Louanjli N. , Cadi R. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe process of embryonic development is crucial and radically influences preimplantation embryo competence. It involves oocyte maturation, fertilization, cell division and blastulation and is characterized by different key phases that have major influences on embryo quality. Each stage of the process of preimplantation embryonic development is led by important signalling pathways that include very many regulatory molecules, such as primary and secondary messengers. Many studies, bothin vivoandin vitro, have shown the importance of the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as important second messengers in embryo development. ROS may originate from embryo metabolism and/or oocyte/embryo surroundings, and their effect on embryonic development is highly variable, depending on the needs of the embryo at each stage of development and on their environment (in vivoor underin vitroculture conditions). Other studies have also shown the deleterious effects of ROS in embryo development, when cellular tissue production overwhelms antioxidant production, leading to oxidative stress. This stress is known to be the cause of many cellular alterations, such as protein, lipid, and DNA damage. Considering that the same ROS level can have a deleterious effect on the fertilizing oocyte or embryo at certain stages, and a positive effect at another stage of the development process, further studies need to be carried out to determine the rate of ROS that benefits the embryo and from what rate it starts to be harmful, this measured at each key phase of embryonic development.
Mature and immature platelets during the first week after birth and incidence of patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Sallmon Hannes , Metze Boris , Koehne Petra , Opgen-Rhein Bernd , Weiss Katja , Will Joachim C. , Franke Christina Victoria , Hansmann Georg , Koestenberger Martin , Bührer Christoph , Berger Felix , Weber Sven C. , Cremer Malte 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground:Thrombocytopenia is a risk factor for patent ductus arteriosus. Immature and mature platelets exhibit distinct haemostatic properties; however, whether platelet maturity plays a role in postnatal, ductus arteriosus closure is unknown.Methods:In this observational study, counts of immature and mature platelets (=total platelet count − immature platelet count) were assessed on days 1, 3, and 7 of life in very low birth weight infants (<1500 g birth weight). We performed echocardiographic screening for haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus on day 7.Results:Counts of mature platelets did not differ on day 1 in infants with (n = 24) and without (n = 45) haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, while infants with significant patent ductus arteriosus exhibited lower counts of mature platelet on postnatal days 3 and 7. Relative counts of immature platelets (fraction, in %) were higher in infants with patent ductus arteriosus on day 7 but not on days 1 and 3. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis unraveled associations between both lower mature platelet counts and higher immature platelet fraction (percentage) values on days 3 and 7, with haemodynamically significant ductus arteriosus. Logistic regression analysis revealed that mature platelet counts, but not immature platelet fraction values, were independent predictors of haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus.Conclusion:During the first week of postnatal life, lower counts of mature platelets and higher immature platelet fraction values are associated with haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus. Lower counts of mature platelet were found to be independent predictors of haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus.
Therapist beliefs about exposure therapy implementation
Authors: Meyer Johanna M. , Kelly Peter J. , Deacon Brett J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Exposure therapy is consistently indicated as the first-line treatment for anxiety-related disorders. Unfortunately, therapists often deliver exposure therapy in an overly cautious, less effective manner, characterized by using their own ‘therapist safety behaviours’. Cognitive behavioural models postulate that beliefs about therapist safety behaviours are related to their use; however, little is known about the beliefs therapists hold regarding therapist safety behaviour use. The present study aimed to identify the beliefs exposure therapists have regarding the necessity of therapist safety behaviours and to examine the relationship between this construct and therapist safety behaviour use. Australian psychologists (n = 98) completed an online survey that included existing measures of therapist safety behaviour use, therapist negative beliefs about exposure therapy, likelihood to exclude anxious clients from exposure therapy, and use of intensifying exposure techniques. Participants also completed the Exposure Implementation Beliefs Scale (EIBS), a measure created for the present study which assesses beliefs regarding the necessity of therapist safety behaviours. Beliefs about the necessity of therapist safety behaviours – particularly in protecting the client – significantly predicted therapist safety behaviour use. Findings suggest that exposure therapy training media should aim to decrease therapist safety behaviour use by addressing beliefs about the necessity of therapist safety behaviours, especially in protecting the client.

Key learning aims

(1)
To understand what therapist safety behaviours are in the context of exposure therapy.

(2)
To identify common beliefs about therapist safety behaviours.

(3)
To understand how beliefs about therapist safety behaviours relate to therapist safety behaviour use.

(4)
To consider how exposure therapy delivery may be improved by modifying beliefs about therapist safety behaviours.

(5)
To explore how beliefs about therapist safety behaviours may be modified to reduce therapist safety behaviour use.
Group therapists: combine alliance building with paying specific attention to the patient’s perception
Authors: Muschalla Beate 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn slow-open groups as well as therapies of less than ten sessions, each group session holds importance. Patients, therapists and co-therapists have different perspectives and may gain different experiences from a group session. This study investigates the perspectives of patients, therapists and co-therapists on alliance, new insights and therapist techniques in the same group session. Do the three actors perceive these group aspects similarly or differently? Which group aspects are related with the outcome coping? One hundred and forty-nine sessions of a cognitive behaviour therapy group have been investigated. Patients, therapists and co-therapists gave ratings on their perceived alliance, group topics and insights as well as therapists’ technique competency. Concerning new insights, there was concordance between patients and co-therapists (r= .211,p< .05). Concerning alliance, there was a concordance between patients and therapists (r= .327,p< .01). Therapists focusing on alliance building was associated with lower patient outcomes in terms of work coping (β = –.391). The quality of therapeutic techniques was the same in groups with higher and lower outcomes. Patients’ perception of whether they felt good in the group session was explanative for session outcome, while therapists’ perceptions and context conditions (supervision, number of participants) was not. Patients, therapists and co-therapists have different perspectives on the same group therapy session. Patients’ perceptions are associated with session outcomes. A lower session outcome must not be associated with a poor technique performance of the therapist. Therapists should not only be aware of alliance building and correct technical performance, but they must alsobe aware of patients’ perceptionsof the group process and outcome.Key learning aimsThe present research is the first evaluation of group session aspects and session outcomes in rehabilitation patients with work anxieties in slow-open groups. We will learn:(1)Whether patients’, therapists’ and co-therapists’ perceptions of the same group session are similar or different;(2)Whether group sessions that result in worse outcomes are different from group sessions resulting in a better outcome;(3)Which aspects of the group session are predictive for a better outcome.
Adapting IAPT services to support frontline NHS staff during the Covid-19 pandemic: the Homerton Covid Psychological Support (HCPS) pathway
Authors: Cole C.L. , Waterman S. , Stott J. , Saunders R. , Buckman J.E.J. , Pilling S. , Wheatley J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic is exerting unprecedented pressure on NHS Health and Social Care provisions, with frontline staff, such as those of critical care units, encountering vast practical and emotional challenges on a daily basis. Although staff are being supported through organisational provisions, facilitated by those in leadership roles, the emergence of mental health difficulties or the exacerbation of existing ones amongst these members of staff is a cause for concern. Acknowledging this, academics and healthcare professionals alike are calling for psychological support for frontline staff, which not only addresses distress during the initial phases of the outbreak but also over the months, if not years, that follow. Fortunately, mental health services and psychology professional bodies across the United Kingdom have issued guidance to meet these needs. An attempt has been made to translate these sets of guidance into clinical provisions via the recently established Homerton Covid Psychological Support (HCPS) pathway delivered by Talk Changes (Hackney & City IAPT). This article describes the phased, stepped-care and evidence-based approach that has been adopted by the service to support local frontline NHS staff. We wish to share our service design and pathway of care with other Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services who may also seek to support hospital frontline staff within their associated NHS Trusts and in doing so, lay the foundations of a coordinated response.

Key learning aims

(1)
To understand the ways staff can be psychologically and emotionally impacted by working on the frontline of disease outbreaks.

(2)
To understand the ways in which IAPT services have previously supported populations exposed to crises.

(3)
To learn ways of delivering psychological support and interventions during a pandemic context based on existing guidance and research.
Landesweite Normierung des Hessischen Kindersprachscreenings
Authors: J. Tomasik Martin , Lindner Nina , Weiland Marina , Schmidt Melanie , Moser Urs , Kieslich Matthias 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Das Hessische Kindersprachscreening stellt ein Verfahren zur Feststellung des Sprachstands bei Kindern im Alter von 4;0 bis 4;6 Jahren dar. In der hier vorgestellten Überarbeitung wurden zunächst eine neue kriteriumsorientierte Skalierung und eine neue Normierung an einer flächendeckenden Stichprobe von insgesamt N = 43 556 Kindern aus knapp 900 Kindertageseinrichtungen in Hessen durchgeführt. Berichtet werden neben deskriptiven Item- und Skalenkennwerten auch die Befunde zur Objektivität, zur Reliabilität sowie zur Konstrukt- und faktoriellen Validität, die allesamt sehr zufriedenstellend ausfallen. Anschließend werden die diagnostischen Schwellenwerte (Cut-off-Werte) für die zwei Screeningergebnisse „sprachpädagogischer Förderbedarf“ und „medizinischer Abklärungsbedarf“ bestimmt und die Sensitivität und Spezifität dieser Schwellenwerte betrachtet. Es wird argumentiert, dass mit dem überarbeitetem Kindersprachscreening ein Verfahren vorliegt, dass sich durch insgesamt sehr zufriedenstellende psychometrische Eigenschaften auszeichnet und damit für die Zielsetzung geeignet ist, eine möglichst frühe und zielgerichtete Diagnose sprachlicher Defizite bei Vorschulkindern zu ermöglichen.
Assessment und Vorhersage von Burnout gemäß des Effort-Reward Imbalance-Modells bei Medizinischen Fachangestellten
Authors: Fauser David , Scholz Maria , Wirtz Markus Antonius 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Psychosoziale Arbeitsbelastungen und Burnout haben eine zentrale Bedeutung für die Gesundheit der Erwerbstätigen im Gesundheitswesen. Das Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) hat sich als generisches Instrument zur Erfassung von Burnout-Indikatoren in der psychosozialen Gesundheitsforschung etabliert. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Analyse des Zusammenhangs zwischen Burnout und dem Effort-Reward Imbalance-Modell (ERI) in einer Stichprobe von n = 1 438 Medizinischen Fachangestellten (MFA). Das CBI kann theoriekonform konfirmatorisch modelliert werden. Für den ERI müssen für das Konstrukt Reward 3 Subfacetten Arbeitsplatzsicherheit, Beruflicher Aufstieg und Anerkennung und Gehalt definiert sowie 3 Items eliminiert werden, da keine eindeutige Konstruktzuordnung möglich ist. Für beide modifizierten Modelle kann eine akzeptable bis gute Modellpassung nachgewiesen werden. Mittels eines Strukturgleichungsmodells kann die Varianz der Ausprägung von Burnout zu 46 % durch die ERI-Dimensionen aufgeklärt werden. Die Erfassung der Konstrukte und die theoriebasierte Modellierung der Merkmalszusammenhänge bieten einen Ansatzpunkt zur Diagnostik und zum Verständnis Burnout-bezogener Aspekte der Arbeitssituation von MFA.
Wirkung des Präventionsprogramms „Medienhelden“ auf den Zusammenhang von traditionellem sowie Cybermobbing und internalisierenden Auffälligkeiten
Authors: Hess Markus , Schultze-Krumbholz Anja , Scheithauer Herbert 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Das Cybermobbing-Präventionsprogramm „Medienhelden“ richtet sich an Schüler_innen der Klassen 7 bis 10, ihre Lehrkräfte und ihre Eltern. Die Wirksamkeit wurde in einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie (Pre-Posttest-Design, 9-Monats-Intervall) evaluiert. Die vorliegende Cross-Lagged-Panel-Analyse wurde mit 586 deutschen Jugendlichen (11 – 17 Jahre, M = 13,3 Jahre, nIG = 232; nKG = 354) durchgeführt. In der Kontrollgruppe sagten Indikatoren für internalisierende Symptome (geringes Selbstwertgefühl, Depression) beim Vortest Viktimisierung bei traditionellem Mobbing zum Posttest vorher. Ein höheres Ausmaß an Cybermobbing sagte ein höheres Ausmaß an internalisierenden Symptomen vorher. In der Interventionsgruppe wurden diese Effekte nicht gefunden. Dafür war ein höherer Grad an Viktimisierung beim Vortest mit geringeren internalisierenden Problemen beim Posttest verbunden.
Trace Elements and Li Isotope Compositions Across the Kamchatka Arc: Constraints on Slab‐Derived Fluid Sources
Authors: Liu Haiyang , Xiao Yilin , Sun He , Tong Fengtai , Heuser Alexander , Churikova Tatiana , Wörner Gerhard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChalcophile elements and lithium (Li) isotopes were measured on lavas from a 220‐km transect across the Kamchatka arc in order to investigate the fluid variations below arc volcanoes and to trace the geochemical behaviour of Li in convergent plate margins. From the Eastern Volcanic Front (EVF), through the Central Kamchatka Depression (CKD), into the Sredinny Range (SR) volcanic zones, chalcophile element ratios (e.g., As/Ce and Sb/Ce) show clear across‐arc variations, decreasing (e.g., As/Ce: 0.20 to 0.03 and Sb/Ce: 0.013 to 0.002) with increasing depth above the slab (110 to 400 km). This clearly indicates a gradually decreasing influx of slab‐derived fluids added to the mantle wedge as the slab subducts below Kamchatka. In addition, the anomalously high U/Th, La/Sm, and B/Nb ratios in the CKD lavas suggest lawsonite breakdown reaction dominates the fluid release in this area. However, Li/Y (0.07 to 1.78) and δ7Li (+1.8 to +5.4‰, with an exception of +8.6‰ in CKD) show limited variations and values similar to the MORB mantle. A dehydration model suggests that slab‐derived fluids, which are characterized by high Li concentration and high δ7Li, do not control the Li budget in Kamchatka arc lavas. Therefore, the isotopic heavy Li from slab‐derived fluids likely equilibrates in the sub‐arc mantle, which acts as a buffer for Li systematics. In addition, based on the Li isotopic signatures of Klyuchevskoy volcano, our study demonstrates insignificant Li isotopic fractionation during mantle melting and subsequent differentiation.
Pathogenic diversity of RNA variants and RNA variation-associated factors in cancer development
Authors: Yang Hee Doo , Nam Suk Woo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecently, with the development of RNA sequencing technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) for RNA, numerous variations of alternatively processed RNAs made by alternative splicing, RNA editing, alternative maturation of microRNA (miRNA), RNA methylation, and alternative polyadenylation have been uncovered. Furthermore, abnormally processed RNAs can cause a variety of diseases, including obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer. Especially in cancer development, aberrant RNAs caused by deregulated RNA modifiers or regulators are related to progression. Accumulating evidence has reported that aberrant RNAs promote carcinogenesis in many cancers, including liver cancer, leukemia, melanoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, and other cancers, in which abnormal RNA processing occurs in normal cells. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the precise roles and mechanisms of disease-related RNA processing in various cancers for the development of therapeutic interventions. In this review, the underlying mechanisms of variations in the RNA life cycle and the biological impacts of RNA variations on carcinogenesis will be discussed, and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of tumor malignancies will be provided. We also discuss emerging roles of RNA regulators in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.