bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking stream microbial community functional genes to dissolved organic matter and inorganic nutrients
Authors: Fasching Christina , Akotoye Christian , Bižić Mina , Fonvielle Jeremy , Ionescu Danny , Mathavarajah Sabateeshan , Zoccarato Luca , Walsh David A. , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Xenopoulos Marguerite A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere is now increasing evidence for the importance of microbial regulation of biogeochemical cycling in streams. Resource availability shapes microbial community structure, but less is known about how landscape‐mediated availability of nutrients and carbon can control microbial functions in streams. Using comparative metagenomics, we examined the relationship between microbial functional genes and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM), nutrients, and suspended microbial communities in 11 streams, divided into three groups based on the predominant land cover category (agriculture, forested, or wetland). Using weighted gene co‐occurrence network analysis, we identified clusters of functions related to DOM composition, agricultural land use, and/or wetland and forest land cover. Wetland‐dominated streams were characterized by functions related to nitrogen metabolism and processing of aromatic carbon compounds, with strong positive correlations with dissolved organic carbon concentration and DOM aromaticity. Forested streams were characterized by metabolic functions related to monomer uptake and carbohydrates, such as mannose and fructose metabolism. In agricultural streams, microbial functions were correlated with more labile, protein‐like DOM, PO4, and NO3, likely reflecting functional adaptation to labile DOM and higher nutrient concentrations. Distinct changes in the functional composition and loss of functional diversity of microorganisms became evident when comparing natural to agricultural catchments. Although all streams showed signs of functional redundancy, loss of species richness per function in agricultural catchments suggests that microbial functions in natural catchments may be more resilient to disturbance. Our results provide new insight into microbial community functions involved in nutrient and carbon biogeochemical cycles and their dependence on specific environmental settings.
Multi‐Factors Associated With Efficacy and Adverse Events of Fractional Erbium:YAG Laser‐Assisted Delivery of Topical Betamethasone for Stable Vitiligo: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Huang Chuchu , Li Peiyao , Wang Ben , Deng Yuxuan , Li Ji , Mao Mengping , Jian Dan 
Published: December 2019

Background and ObjectivesAlthough topical corticosteroids are still the first‐line option for vitiligo, its efficacy is still unsatisfactory for stable vitiligo. A few studies have focused on laser‐assisted drug delivery (LADD) but were limited by their sample deficiency and analyses of the influencing factors. To determine the efficacy, adverse events, and their influencing factors of fractional erbium: yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Er:YAG) laser‐assisted topical delivery of corticosteroids in stable vitiligo.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 1,026 lesions in 684 patients with stable vitiligo who underwent treatment with fractional Er:YAG laser‐assisted delivery of topical compound betamethasone solution between January 2014 and December 2017. Multi‐factors associated with different outcomes were analyzed by logistic regression in this study.ResultsA total of 413 of 1,026 lesions (40.3%) were effective 12 months after the first treatment. Age (<14 years old), disease duration (<1 year), lesion location (on face and neck), hairy lesions, and drug concentration were independent factors associated with effective repigmentation. A common adverse event was hyperpigmentation (14.4%), which was highly correlated with 22% density.ConclusionsFractional Er:YAG laser‐assisted delivery of topical compound betamethasone is a good option for the management of vitiligo. The treatment may be suggested in these situations: younger patients, shorter disease duration, and lesions on the face and neck with hair. The appearance of white hair in the lesion area does not affect our confidence in vitiligo treatment. Density >22% may cause hyperpigmentation, but it does not significantly contribute to the efficacy. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outdoor atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel and weathering steel exposed to the tropical‐coastal climate of Thailand
Authors: Palsson Namurata S. , Wongpinkaew Kosit , Khamsuk Piya , Sorachot Sikharin , Pongsaksawad Wanida 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study focuses on atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel and weathering steel exposed at two different locations with dissimilar meteorological parameters and airborne pollutants in Thailand. The samples are subjected to an outdoor atmosphere for up to 36 months at Rayong, close to the Gulf of Thailand, and Phangnga, near the Andaman Sea. Thickness loss (µm), corrosion rate (µm/year) together with corrosion product morphology and composition are systematically analyzed using X‐ray diffraction and a scanning electron microscope. Corrosion resistance of the tested steels exposed at both locations is discussed based on the above‐mentioned parameters and calculated corrosion kinetics. The results indicate that the total time of wetness, amount of rainfall and chloride deposition rate play an important role in corrosion behavior of the tested steels. Alloying elements, copper, chromium and nickel, are shown to improve corrosion resistance of the samples when exposed at the location with a higher chloride concentration.
Out‐of‐stock, sold out, or unavailable? Framing a product outage in online retailing
Authors: Peterson Robert A. , Kim Yeolib , Jeong Jaeseok 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTerms, such as “out‐of‐stock,” “sold out,” and “unavailable” are commonly used by retailers to communicate a product or brand outage. Although these terms are technically equivalent, prior research on product outage and product scarcity suggest that they may be interpreted and processed differently by consumers. The present research investigated whether the manner in which a product outage was framed elicited different consumer behavioral intentions, attributions, and perceptions in the context of online retailing. Data were collected by means of an online experiment. The experiment incorporated a hypothetical scenario approach in which research participants were asked to react to a particular combination of treatment and blocking factors. Results demonstrated that ceteris paribus, framing a product or brand outage as “sold out” produces fewer negative product and website reactions than does framing it as “out‐of‐stock” or “unavailable.”
Epigenetics/epigenomics and prevention by curcumin of early stages of inflammatory‐driven colon cancer
Authors: Wu Renyi , Wang Lujing , Yin Ran , Hudlikar Rasika , Li Shanyi , Kuo Hsiao‐Chen D. , Peter Rebecca , Sargsyan Davit , Guo Yue , Liu Xia , Kong AN 
Published: December 2019

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the US and worldwide. CRC is the second most common cancer‐related death in both men and women globally. Chronic inflammation has been identified as one of the major risk factors of CRC. It may drive genetic and epigenetic/epigenomic alterations, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non‐coding RNA regulation. Current prevention modalities for CRC are limited and some treatment regimens such as use the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug aspirin may have severe side effects, namely gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding. Therefore, there is an urgent need of developing alternative strategies. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that several dietary cancer chemopreventive phytochemicals possess anti‐inflammation and antioxidative stress activities, and may prevent cancers including CRC. Curcumin (CUR) is the yellow pigment that is found in the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa). Many studies have demonstrated that CUR exhibit strong anticancer, antioxidative stress, and anti‐inflammatory activities by regulating signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2, nuclear factor‐κB, and epigenetics/epigenomics pathways of histones modifications, and DNA methylation. In this review, we will discuss the latest evidence in epigenetics/epigenomics alterations by CUR in CRC and their potential contribution in the prevention of CRC.
Carbon monoxide: An emerging therapy for acute kidney injury
Authors: Yang Xiaoxiao , de Caestecker Mark , Otterbein Leo E. , Wang Binghe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTreating acute kidney injury (AKI) represents an important unmet medical need both in terms of the seriousness of this medical problem and the number of patients. There is also a large untapped market opportunity in treating AKI. Over the years, there has been much effort in search of therapeutics with minimal success. However, over the same time period, new understanding of the underlying pathobiology and molecular mechanisms of kidney injury have undoubtedly helped the search for new therapeutics. Along this line, carbon monoxide (CO) has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent because of its demonstrated cytoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. CO has also been shown to sensitize cancer, but not normal cells, to chemotherapy. This is particularly important in treating cisplatin‐induced AKI, a common clinical problem that develops in patients receiving cisplatin therapies for a number of different solid organ malignancies. This review will examine and make the case that CO be developed into a therapeutic agent against AKI.
MeCP2_e2 partially compensates for lack of MeCP2_e1: A male case of Rett syndrome
Authors: Takeguchi Ryo , Takahashi Satoru , Kuroda Mami , Tanaka Ryosuke , Suzuki Nao , Tomonoh Yuko , Ihara Yukiko , Sugiyama Nobuyoshi , Itoh Masayuki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundRett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that predominantly affects girls. Its causative gene is the X‐linked MECP2 encoding the methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MeCP2). The gene comprises four exons and generates two isoforms, namely MECP2_e1 and MECP2_e2. However, it remains unclear whether both MeCP2 isoforms have similar function in the brain.MethodsWe report a case of a boy with typical RTT. Male cases with MECP2 variants have been considered inviable, but somatic mosaicism of the variants can cause RTT in males. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed to search for the genetic background.ResultsA novel nonsense and mosaic variant was identified in exon 1 of MECP2, and the variant allele fraction (VAF) was 28%. Our patient had the same level of VAF as that in reported male cases with mosaic variants in MECP2 exon 3 or 4, but manifested RTT symptoms that were milder in severity compared to those in these patients.ConclusionThis is probably because the variants in MECP2 exon 3 or 4 disrupt both isoforms of MeCP2, whereas the variant in exon 1, as presented in this study, disrupts only MeCP2_e1 but not MeCP2_e2. Therefore, our findings indicate that MeCP2_e2 may partially compensate for a deficiency in MeCP2_e1.
Development of a new methylation‐based fetal fraction estimation assay using multiplex ddPCR
Authors: Ioannides Marios , Achilleos Achilleas , Kyriakou Skevi , Kypri Elena , Loizides Charalambos , Tsangaras Kyriakos , Constantinou Louiza , Koumbaris George , Patsalis Philippos C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundNon‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for fetal aneuploidies has rapidly been incorporated into clinical practice. Current NGS‐based methods can reliably detect fetal aneuploidies non‐invasively with fetal fraction of at least 4%. Inaccurate fetal fraction assessment can compromise the accuracy of the test as affected samples with low fetal fraction have an increased risk for misdiagnosis. Using a novel set of fetal‐specific differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and methylation sensitive restriction digestion (MSRD), we developed a multiplex ddPCR assay for accurate detection of fetal fraction in maternal plasma.MethodsWe initially performed MSRD followed by methylation DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) and NGS on fetal and non‐pregnant female tissues to identify fetal‐specific DMRs. DMRs with the highest methylation difference between the two tissues were selected for fetal fraction estimation employing MSRD and multiplex ddPCR. Chromosome Y multiplex ddPCR assay (YMM) was used as a reference standard, to develop our fetal fraction estimation model in male pregnancy samples. Additional 123 samples were tested to examine whether the model is sex dependent and/or ploidy dependent.ResultsIn all, 93 DMRs were identified of which seven were selected for fetal fraction estimation. Statistical analysis resulted in the final model which included four DMRs (FFMM). High correlation with YMM‐based fetal fractions was observed using 85 male pregnancies (r = 0.86 95% CI: 0.80–0.91). The model was confirmed using an independent set of 53 male pregnancies.ConclusionBy employing a set of well‐characterized DMRs, we developed a SNP‐, sex‐ and ploidy‐independent methylation‐based multiplex ddPCR assay for accurate fetal fraction estimation.
Resolution enhancement for inverse synthetic aperture radar images using a deep residual network
Authors: Gao Xunzhang , Qin Dan , Gao Jingkun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA framework for inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image resolution enhancement using a deep residual network is proposed. Our framework directly learns an end‐to‐end mapping in the form of a deep residual network (ResNet) between the input low‐resolution (LR) images and the output high‐resolution (HR) images with respect to the point spread function (PSF). In our network, residual blocks without batch normalization (BN) layers are applied to retain ISAR image contrast, and parametric rectified linear unit (PReLU) which can adaptively learn the negative coefficients is used as the activation function. The complex‐valued ISAR imagery is divided into two real‐valued channels to preserve phase information implicitly. Experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain higher quality HR images compared with traditional sparsity‐driven methods while freeing itself from a prior model for radar echoes and a complicated parameter estimation process.
Optical imaging method to quantify spatial dose variation due to the electron return effect in an MR‐linac
Authors: Andreozzi Jacqueline M. , Brůža Petr , Cammin Jochen , Pogue Brian W. , Gladstone David J. , Green Olga 
Published: December 2019

PurposeTreatment planning systems (TPSs) for MR‐linacs must employ Monte Carlo‐based simulations of dose deposition to model the effects of the primary magnetic field on dose. However, the accuracy of these simulations, especially for areas of tissue‐air interfaces where the electron return effect (ERE) is expected, is difficult to validate due to physical constraints and magnetic field compatibility of available detectors. This study employs a novel dosimetric method based on remotely captured, real‐time optical Cherenkov and scintillation imaging to visualize and quantify the ERE.MethodsAn intensified CMOS camera was used to image two phantoms with designed ERE cavities. Phantom A was a 40 cm × 10 cm × 10 cm clear acrylic block drilled with five holes of increasing diameters (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 cm). Phantom B was a clear acrylic block (25 cm × 20 cm × 5 cm) with three cavities of increasing diameter (3, 2, 1 cm) split into two halves in the transverse plane to accommodate radiochromic film. Both phantoms were imaged while being irradiated by 6 MV flattening filter free (FFF) beams within a MRIdian Viewray (Viewray, Cleveland, OH) MR‐linac (0.34 T primary field). Phantom A was imaged while being irradiated by 6 MV FFF beams on a conventional linac (TrueBeam, Varian Medical Systems, San Jose, CA) to serve as a control. Images were post processed in Matlab (Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA) and compared to TPS dose volumes.ResultsControl imaging of Phantom A without the presence of a magnetic field supports the validity of the optical image data to a depth of 6 cm. In the presence of the magnetic field, the optical data shows deviations from the commissioned TPS dose in both intensity and localization. The largest air cavity examined (3 cm) indicated the largest dose differences, which were above 20% at some locations. Experiments with Phantom B illustrated similar agreement between optical and film dosimetry comparisons with TPS data in areas not affected by ERE.ConclusionThere are some appreciable differences in dose intensity and spatial dose distribution observed between the novel experimental data set and the dose models produced by the current clinically implemented MR‐IGRT TPS.
Is our current understanding and management of nocturia allowing improved care? International Consultation on Incontinence‐Research Society 2018
Authors: Hervé Francois , Abrams Paul , Bower Wendy , De Wachter Stefan , Epstein Matthew , Lombardo Riccardo , Robinson Dudley , Tubaro Andrea , Wein Alan , Weiss Jeffrey P. , Everaert Karel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsNocturia or waking at night, to urinate is a common cause of awakenings and may lead to sleep disturbance, impaired somatic health, impaired quality of life, and increased mortality.The aim of this report is to point out and discuss the aspects and issues that need to be addressed to improve the care of nocturia.MethodsThis paper is a report of the presentations and subsequent discussion of a Think Tank session at the annual International Consultation on Incontinence‐Research Society (ICI‐RS) in June 2018 in Bristol.Results and conclusionNocturia is a known risk factor for in‐hospital falls. Unfortunately, its assessment in acutely hospitalized (older) people is not the current practice and ward‐based care plans are not tailored to this symptom. A new care pathway for hospitalized patients who have nocturia should be considered.More research into the relation of cardiovascular disorders and nocturnal polyuria (NP) is warranted and management of NP patients may be improved by involving a cardiologist in their management. There is definitely a need for phenotyping nocturia in relation to bladder capacity, filling phase, and emptying phase symptoms and how to treat the different phenotypes.In the near future, smart automated monitoring devices and applications might help us to diagnose and treat nocturia with less efforts.
Is the value of urodynamics undermined by poor technique?: ICI‐RS 2018
Authors: Gammie Andrew , Almeida Fernando , Drake Marcus , Finazzi Agrò Enrico , Kirschner‐Hermanns Ruth , Lemos Nucelio , Martens Frank , Mehnert Ulrich , Rosier Peter , Valentini Francoise , Abrams Paul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe quality of urodynamic measurements in clinical practice has been debated as a matter of concern. It is considered plausible that this has a direct bearing on patient care and the perceived value of urodynamic testing.MethodsThis is a report of the proceedings of the Think Tank: “Is the value of urodynamics undermined by poor technique?” from the Annual International Consultation on Incontinence—Research Society, which took place in June 2018 in Bristol, UK. The Think Tank discussed the evidence for deficiencies in urodynamic test quality and considered the implications of improvements for clinical diagnosis and practice.ResultsThere is evidence that technique affects urodynamic quality, and that urodynamic practice is variable. Factors such as team skill set, technologies used, and training received will also affect the quality of urodynamic service. Questions exist regarding the influence of technique on the utility and perceived value of urodynamics.ConclusionsWe suggest research questions that will provide the necessary evidence on the link between technique, reporting, and outcome, and clarify the role of good practice in the utility of urodynamic testing.
Can we predict the success of prostatic surgery for male lower urinary tract symptoms: ICI‐RS 2018?
Authors: De Wachter Stefan , Hervé Francois , Averbeck Marcio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsMale lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common and bothersome symptoms in the aging population, of which the etiology is multifactorial. Prostatic surgery may be considered to alleviate some of these LUTS, especially in patients in which benign prostatic obstruction is believed to be the underlying cause.The aim of this paper is to discuss underlying pathophysiology, signs, and conditions that may lead to success or failure after prostatic surgery in male patients with LUTS.MethodsThe paper is a report of presentations and subsequent discussions at the annual International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society, in June 2018 in Bristol.Results and conclusionsUnfavorable outcomes after prostatic surgery are reported in 25% to 30% of the patients. This may be due to persistent or de novo symptoms, related to the multifactorial origin of symptoms. Specific underlying conditions such as with detrusor overactivity, detrusor underactivity, and nocturnal polyuria are discussed in their relationship with prostatic surgery. Knowledge gaps are addressed and specific research questions proposed.
How can we better manage drug‐resistant OAB/DO? ICI‐RS 2018
Authors: Chermansky Christopher , Schurch Brigitte , Rahnama'i Mohammad S. , Averbeck Marcio A. , Malde Sachin , Mancini Vito , Valentini Francoise , Sahai Arun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsBotulinum toxin A (BTX‐A), sacral nerve stimulation (SNM), and posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) are established treatments for idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB) refractory to oral drug therapy. At the ICI‐RS meeting in Bristol in 2018 a think tank was convened to address the question of how to better manage drug‐resistant OAB/DO (detrusor overactivity).MethodsThe think tank conducted a literature review and an expert consensus meeting focusing on the evidence for predicting response and adverse events (AEs) with the current therapies for drug‐resistant idiopathic OAB.ResultsSeveral factors have been associated with poor outcomes using BTX‐A including increasing age, body mass index, male sex, and frailty. Voiding dysfunction with BTX‐A also appears to be more prevalent in those with increasing age, male sex, higher baseline postvoid residual and with poorer contractility as assessed by urodynamic parameters. SNM full implantation appears to be higher with the first stage tined lead placement procedure compared to percutaneous nerve evaluation. Urodynamics do not appear to predict outcomes with SNM. Patients with psychiatric comorbidity are more likely to experience AEs with SNM. Outcomes related to lead positioning and the number of active electrodes are mixed in predicting long term success. Patients with increased daytime frequency and lower first sensation of bladder filling were independent factors associated with success with PTNS.ConclusionsFurther research is required to optimize these procedures and to better understand which patients will benefit from the various options available in managing refractory OAB.