bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Oxygen Saturation Monitoring in Preterm Newborns in the NICU: The Italian Picture
Authors: Perrone Serafina , Giordano Maurizio , Bernardo Giuseppe De , Lugani Paola , Sarnacchiaro Pasquale , Stazzoni Gemma , Buonocore Giuseppe , Esposito Susanna , Tataranno Maria Luisa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Although many studies emphasize the importance of using oxygen saturation (SpO2) targets in the NICUs, there is a wide variability in used saturation ranges among centers. Primary aim was to draw a representative picture on how the management of oxygen monitoring is performed in the Italian NICUs. Second aim was to identify healthcare-professionals related factors associated with oxygen targeting in the preterm population. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data collection via an electronic survey form. A questionnaire containing pre-piloted and open questions on monitoring and management of the SpO2 was administered to neonatologists across the network of the Italian Society of Neonatology. The questions focused on: the infrastructure, specific training, healthcare professionals and patients-related factors. The results of the survey were anonymously collected, summarized and analyzed. Results: Out of 378 questionnaires, 93 were correctly filled. Thirty-six different SpO2 ranges were observed. Centers using written standard operating procedures on oxygen management and SpO2 monitoring maintained a correct average range of SpO2 90-95%, avoided hyperoxia and reconsidered saturation targets in relation to comorbidities. 39.8% of responders disabled alarms during neonatal care. One center used biomarkers for complete monitoring of neonatal oxygenation status. Conclusions: There is considerable variation in SpO2 targets for preterm infants in the Italian NICUs. Standard operating procedures and specific training for health care personnel are the main factors playing a role for the correct maintenance of the recommended oxygen targets in preterms.
Rac Inhibition As A Novel Therapeutic Strategy for EGFR/HER2 Targeted Therapy Resistant Breast Cancer
Authors: Borrero-Garcia Luis D , Maldonado Maria del Mar , Medina-Velázquez Julia I , Troche-Torres Angel , Velazquez-Vega Luis , Grafals-Ruiz Nilmary , Dharmawardhane Suranganie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Even though targeted therapies are available for cancers expressing oncogenic epidermal growth receptor (EGFR) and (or) human EGFR2 (HER2), acquired or intrinsic resistance often confounds therapy success. Common mechanisms of therapy resistance involve activating receptor point mutations and (or) upregulation of signaling downstream of EGFR/HER2 to Akt and (or) mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. However, additional pathways of resistance may exist thus, confounding successful therapy. Methods To determine novel mechanisms of EGFR/HER2 therapy resistance in breast cancer, gefitinib or lapatinib resistant variants were created from SKBR3 breast cancer cells. Syngenic therapy sensitive and resistant SKBR3 variants were characterized for mechanisms of resistance by mammosphere assays, viability assays, and western blotting for total and phospho proteins. Results Gefitinib and lapatinib treatments reduced mammosphere formation in the parental cells, but not in the therapy resistant variants, indicating enhanced cancer stem cell-like and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics in therapy resistant cells. The therapy resistant variants did not show significant changes in established therapy resistant pathways of Akt and MAPK activities downstream of EGFR/HER2. However, these cells exhibited elevated expression and activation of the small GTPase Rac, which is a pivotal intermediate of GFR signaling in EMT and metastasis. Therefore, the potential of the Rac inhibitors EHop-016 and MBQ-167 to overcome therapy resistance was tested and found to inhibit viability and induce apoptosis of therapy resistant cells. Conclusions Rac inhibition may represent a viable strategy for treatment of EGFR/HER2 targeted therapy resistant breast cancer.
COLGALT1 is a Prognostic Biomarker in Clear Renal Cell Carcinoma Correlated with Immune Infiltrates: A Study Based on TCGA Data
Authors: Han Bangmin , Liu Shiwei , Xing Qianwei , Yu Yang , Wang Yi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: COLGALT1, as one gene enriched in metabolic pathways, which may be related to the tumorigenesis and progression. We aim to explore the potential value of COLGALT1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) through the study.Methods: We searched The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to collecte ccRCC patients’ information including clinicopathologic parameters and COLGALT1 gene expression. We also validiated the COLGALT1 mRNA expression by qRT-PCR. Then, We evaluated the relationship between COLGALT1 and overall survival (OS) by the Cox regression analyses. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was utilized to compare between tissues with different COLGALT1 expression levels. Microsatellite Instability (MSI), Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) and Neoantigen were evaluated through different tools. By TIMER, correlations between COLGALT1 and immune cell infiltrations were analyzed. The ESTIMATE algorithm was used to calculate the estimate, stromal and immune scores for ccRCC. Finally, CIBERSORT was carried out to explore the connection between the COLGALT1 and the tumor immune microenvironment.Results: Significant gene expression of COLGALT1 was identified between normal and ccRCC tissues. Multivariate analysis indicated that high expression of COLGALT1 was linked to poor OS (P = 0e+00). GSEA results demonstrated that high COLGALT1 expression was associated with metabolic pathways. COLGALT1 was identified to be one independent prognostic factor through the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. One nomogram was integrated including both the clinicopathologic variables and COLGALT1 expression to provide a quantitative approach to clinicians for predicting prognostic risk. Futher more, we find out some genes which are significantly correlated with COLGALT1. Besides, MSI and TMB showed strong correlations with COLGALT1 in ccRCC. Also, the correlations between COLGALT1 with immune infiltrations were found in ccRCC. Finally, immune microenvironment including immune checkpoint molecules, immune cells and mismatch repair protein were proved to be linked to COLGALT1 in ccRCC.Conclusions: Our results revealed that COLGALT1 could act as a favorable prognostic factor for ccRCC. Besides, this study also provided one method to determine the immune infiltration of patients and some signal pathways which are potential regulated by COLGALT1 in ccRCC.
A Competing Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival Among Patients with Prostate Cancer after Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Zhou Xianghong , Qiu Shi , Jin Di , Jin Kun , Zheng Xiaonan , Li Jiakun , Yang Lu , Wei Qiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: We aimed to develop a detailed individual survival prognostication tool based on competing risk analyses to predict the risk of 5-year cancer-specific death after radical prostatectomy for patients with prostate cancer (PCa).Methods: We obtained the data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2004-2016). The main variables obtained included age at diagnosis, marital status, race, pathological extension, regional lymphonode status, prostate specific antigen level, Gleason Score biopsy. In order to reveal the independent prognostic factors. The cumulative incidence function was used as the univariable competing risk analyses and The Fine and Gray’s proportional subdistribution hazard approach was used as the multivariable competing risk analyses. With these factors, a nomogram and risk stratification based on the nomogram was established. Concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves were used for validation.Results: A total of 95,812 patients were included and divided into training cohort (n = 67,072) and validation cohort (n = 28,740). Seven independent prognostic factors including age, race, marital status, pathological extension, regional lymphonode status, PSA level, and GS biopsy were used to construct the nomogram. In the training cohort, the C-index was 0.828 (%95CI, 0.812-0.844), and the C-index was 0.838 (%95CI, 0.813-0.863) in the validation cohort. The results of the cumulative incidence function showed that the discrimination of risk stratification based on nomogram is better than that of the risk stratification system based on D'Amico risk stratification.Conclusions: We successfully developed the first competing risk nomogram to predict the risk of cancer-specific death after surgery for patients with PCa. It has the potential to help clinicians improve postoperative management of patients
Sex-specific Effect and Disconnect Between Plasma Levels of FXII and FXIIa-C1-esterase Inhibitor Complexes in Pneumonia
Authors: Ehrlich Kristin , Wilhelm Jochen , Wolff Jens-Christian , Markart Philipp , Bein Gregor , Pak Oleg , Barreto Guillermo , Weissmann Norbert , Seeger Werner , Schaefer Liliana , Kuebler Wolfgang , Wygrecka Malgorzata 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Sex-dependent differences in immunity and coagulation play an active role in 28 the outcome of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Factor XII acts at the crossroads 29 between inflammation and coagulation thus representing a point of convergence in host 30 defense against infection. Here, we evaluated FXII/FXIIa levels in plasma of CAP patients 31 and correlated them to clinical disease severity.Methods and Results: FXII was activated in CAP plasma as evident by the presence of 33 FXIIa-C1-esterase inhibitor (C1INH) complexes. The levels of FXIIa-C1INH complexes 34 were elevated in plasma of CAP patients (n=140) as compared to age- and sex-matched 35 healthy controls (n=58; p<0.001). No simultaneous decrease in FXII levels, indicating its 36 consumption, was observed. Stratification by sex revealed augmented levels of FXII in 37 plasma of CAP women as compared to healthy females (p=0.008) yet no apparent differences 38 in men (p=0.619). This sex-specific difference was, however, attributable to the lower levels 39 of FXII in healthy females relative to healthy men (p=0.011). Upon contact with CAP plasma, 40 isolated blood neutrophils released FXII and female blood neutrophils were able to re-induce 41 FXII mRNA synthesis (p=0.031). Despite this sex-specific effect, exposure of female blood 42 neutrophils to estradiol did not induce FXII mRNA expression. Finally, although we observed 43 accumulation of FXIIa-C1INH complexes in plasma of severe CAP patients, the relationship 44 between the levels of FXIIa-C1INH complexes and CAP severity, as assessed by CRB65 45 score, did not reach statistical significance (p=0.057). 46Conclusions: Our study identifies age- and sex-dependent differences in FXII expression that 47 may contribute to specific clinical outcomes in CAP in different patient subgroups.
Bacteriophage cocktail supplementation improves growth performance, gut microbiome and production traits in broiler chickens
Authors: Upadhaya Santi Devi , Ahn Je Min , Cho Jae Hyoung , Kim Hyeun Bum , Kim Jin Young , Kang Dae Kyung , Kim Sung Woo , Kim Inho 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Effective antibiotic alternatives are the urgent need of poultry industry to control disease outbreaks. Phage therapy mainly utilizes lytic phages to kill their respective bacterial hosts and can be attractive solution to combating the emergence of antibiotic resistance in livestock. Methods: Five hundred and four one-day--old broilers (Ross 308) were allotted into 1 of 4 treatment groups according to a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments consisted of CON (basal diet), PC (CON + 0.025% Avilamax®(antibiotics), TR1 (CON + 0.05% bacteriophage), and TR2 (CON + 0.10 % bacteriophage) groups. Results: A significant linear effect on body weight gain (BWG) was observed during day 1-7, day 22-35, and overall experiment in bacteriophage (BP) supplemented groups. The BWG tended to be higher (P = 0.08) and the feed intake (FI) was increased (P = 0.017) in birds fed PC than CON diets. A greater (P = 0.016) BWG and trends in increased FI (P = 0.06) were observed during the overall experiment period in birds fed PC than CON diet. A trend in linear (P = 0.0833) increment in excreta Lactobacillus counts was observed in birds fed graded level of BP supplemented diets. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was decreased in PC (65.28%), while it was similar in TR1, 2, (90.65%, 86.72%, 81.44%) compared to CON (90.19%). At the species level, relative abundance of Lactobacillus salivarus was higher in TR1 (40.15%) and TR2 (38.58%) compared with CON (20.04%) and PC (18.05%). A linear reduction in the weight of Bursa of Fabricus (P = 0.022) and spleen (P = 0.052) was seen in birds fed increasing level of BP diets and a trend in increment (P = 0.059) in the weight of gizzard was observed in birds fed PC than BP diets. Linear and quadratic responses were observed in redness of breast muscle color in birds fed graded level of BP. Conclusions:The increase in dietary BP supplementation linearly increased BWG, Lactobacillus counts and enhanced beneficial microbiota in the gut, and 0.05% BP addition was sufficient for supporting immune organs, bursa and spleen.
Effects of melatonin on Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) of Holstein cow with mastitis
Authors: Wu Hao , Yao Songyang , Wang Tiankun , Wang Jun , Ren Kang , Yang Hai , Ma Wenkui , Ji Pengyun , Lu Yongqiang , Ma Hui , Zhang Lu , Liu Guoshi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Mastitis is a common disease in cows breeding. The milk quality will be significantly reduced with increased milk somatic cells which often occur in cows with mastitis. In the current study, we reported that melatonin significantly reduced the milk somatic cell count in Holstein cow with mastitis. In addition, the nutritional value of the milk also significantly improved by melatonin treatment. Results: The results showed that melatonin significantly suppressed the milk somatic cell score under any of the tested conditions. A long term of melatonin application (one year) to the cows with mastitis suppressed the somatic cell score by roughly 63% which was more efficiency than that of some antibiotic treatments. Melatonin treatment also improved the milk nutritional value by reducing its fat but increasing its lactose and protein contents. Conclusions: Melatonin application significantly improved DHI. The beneficial effects of melatonin on DHI are likely attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of melatonin.
Dialogic Discussion as a Platform for Constructing Knowledge: Student-teachers’ Interaction Patterns and Strategies in Learning to Teach English
Authors: Zhang Lawrence , Zhang Donglan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Beginning teachers are frequently heard making observations that the knowledge and skills they have acquired on the training programmes do not come handy when they want to apply them in their real-work situations. They have also reported lacking the ability to integrate theory and practice in reality. Henceforth, teacher-educators are faced with challenges of how to balance proportionally the two strands of pivotal knowledge that are necessarily connected with teacher-education curricula in pre-service teacher preparation. One of the approaches to examining the issue is to investigate student teachers’ dialogues for knowledge-construction to uncover the interaction patterns and strategies they use in negotiating lesson objectives. Against such a background, this paper reports on a study of 24 student teachers receiving training in English language teaching on the Postgraduate Diploma in Education programme at a teacher education institute in Singapore. It was intended to find out the negotiation processes in relation to lesson-planning objectives and how student teachers positioned themselves and others in the processes in the pre-service teacher-education classroom. Results show that student teachers were more concerned about surviving the first lesson than about promoting pupil learning in constructing knowledge about language teaching. The stronger peers’ dominance in the discussion process was taken for granted, suggesting that learning took place in a mutually beneficial and constructive manner and that student teachers’ willingness to cooperate and readiness to express themselves were indicative of their intention to maintain group cohesion and dynamics. These, in turn, are necessary prerequisites for student teachers to become collaborative and reflective practitioners.
Efficient SARS-CoV-2 detection in unextracted oro-nasopharyngeal specimens by rRT-PCR with the Seegene AllplexTM 2019-nCoV assay
Authors: Freppel Wesley , Merindol Natacha , Rallu Fabien , Bergevin Marco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The fight against the COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent need to detect and isolate infected people. The challenge for clinical laboratories has been finding a high throughput, cheap, and efficient testing method in the context of extraction reagent shortages on a planetary scale. To answer this need, we studied SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal swabs stored in UTM (Universal Transport Media) or RNAse-free water by rRT-PCR with the Seegene Allplex TM 2019-nCoV assay without RNA extraction. Optimal results were obtained with 1/2 dilution for swabs in RNAse free water (30/30 detected) and 1/5 dilution for swabs in UTM (29/30 detected) followed by thermal lysis. In addition, a proteinase K (PK) treatment allows a significant reduction of invalid results and increases sensitivity for detection of low viral load specimens. In a panel of 90 known positives with all 3 viral genes present and N gene Ct values from 15 to 40, our detection rate was 98.9% with PK and 94.4% without. In a panel of 60 low positives with only the N gene detectable at Ct values > 30, the detection rate was 76.7% with PK vs 53.3% without it and the invalid rate fell off from 18.3% to 0%. Furthermore, we demonstrated that our method reliably detects specimens with Ct values up to 35, however false negatives become frequent above this range. Finally, we show that swabs should be stored at -70 o C rather than 4 o C when testing cannot be performed within 72 hours of collection when laboratories are overwhelmed.
Effects of Moxibustion on Amygdala -HPA Axis in Rats with Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome Induced by Hydrocortisone Injection
Authors: Ye Wen-guo , Yao Hai-hua , Min You-jiang , Luo Kai-tao , Sun Jie , Yuan Zheng , Wu Hui-qi , Cheng Li-hong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The syndrome of kidney-yang deficiency is one of the main syndromes in traditional Chinese medicine. Modern evidences prove that the hypothalamus - pituitary - adrenal axis (HPA axis) function disorder is the main material basis of kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. The upper regulating center, such as hippocampus and amygdala can affected HPA axis. Although moxibustion have a therapeutic effect for kidney-yang deficiency syndromes, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of suspended moxibustion on amygdala and HPA axis and elucidated the possible molecular mechanism of moxibustion in improving kidney-yang deficiency syndrome.Methods: 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal group ( n=12) and the model-building group (n=48). Rats in the model-building group were given intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone to establish the model of kidney-yang deficiency. The 48 rats successfully modeled were then randomly divided into model group (model, n=12) , carbenoxolone intraperitoneal injection group (CBX, n=12), moxibustion group (moxi, n=12) and moxibustion plus carbenoxolone intraperitoneal injection group (moxi+CBX, n=12). In the moxibustion group, Shenshu (BL23) and Guanyuan (CV4) points were treated with moxibustion for 14 days. After treatment, the level of corticostesone (CORT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in serum, the expressions of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and ACTH in rats’ amygdala and (or) hypothalamus, pituitary were detected. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance.Results: Compared with the normal group, the level of CRH, ACTH and CORT in serum, and the mRNA and protein expressions of MR, GR and 11β-HSD1in amygdala, the mRNA and protein expressions of 11β-HSD1 in hypothalamus and CRF mRNA expression in amygdala and hypothalamus, and ACTH mRNA expression in pituitary of rats in the model group were all significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or 0.01). After treatment with moxibustion, except for 11β-HSD1 mRNA expression, the observation index mentioned above were increased to different degrees compared with those in the model group (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion: Suspended moxibustion can effectively improve the serum levels of ACTH, CRH and CORT, and can up-regulate the mRNA and protein expression of MR, GR , 11β-HSD1, CRF and ACTH in amygdala and hypothalamus of kidney-yang deficiency rats, which may be one of the molecular mechanisms of moxibustion in improving kidney-yang deficiency syndrome.
Addressing Unmet Basic Needs for Children with Sickle Cell Disease: Clinic and Staff Perspectives
Authors: Loo Stephanie , Brochier Annelise , Wexler Mikayla Gordon , Long Kristin , Kavanagh Patricia , Garg Arvin , Drainoni Mari-Lynn 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess pediatric hematology clinic staff’s perspectives regarding barriers and facilitators in addressing unmet basic needs for children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Six focus groups were held at four urban pediatric hematology clinics in New England from November to December 2019. Discussion questions were developed to align with the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) implementation science framework, focusing on the domains of context and recipient and how clinics address adverse social determinants of health (SDoH) in their patient populations. A summative content analytical approach was taken to identify major themes in the data. We discerned the following themes: (1) families of children with SCD experience numerous unmet basic needs; (2) clinic staff believed they had a role to play in addressing these unmet basic needs; (3) staff felt their ability to address families’ unmet basic needs depended upon caregivers’ capacity to act on staff’s recommendations; and (4) clinic staff’s ability to address these needs was limited by organizational and systemic factors beyond their control. These findings have important implications for how best to address adverse SDoH for this vulnerable pediatric population so that urban-based pediatric hematology clinics can more equitably support families.