bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association of Vitamin D with Brain Cognitive Functions: A Literature Review
Authors: Alzahrani Yahya A. , Alomary Mohammed A. , Alzahrani Abdulmajeed A. , Eskandarani Mawaddah M. , Aljabry Iman S. , Alzahrani Yahya M. 
Published: December 2020

Vitamin D is a well-known steroid hormone that plays an important role in controlling bone levels of calcium, phosphorus, and overall mineralization. Several animal and human studies indicate that vitamin D hypovitaminosis may be linked to an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and dementia. The objective of the present review is to summarize current knowledge of the effects of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D intake on cognitive function. The possible underline mechanisms of these effects were also discussed. We reviewed the literature starting from 1986 to 2019 by searching PubMed, Cochrane, Semantic Scholar, Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases for all observational studies, randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews using the keywords “vitamin D and Alzheimer disease”, “neuroprotective effect of vitamin D”, “vitamin D deficiency and Alzheimer ”, “role of vitamin D in neurodegenerative diseases ”, ” vitamin D and amyloidogenesis”, “acetylcholine and vitamin D”, and “memory and vitamin D ”.We also referred to animal and in vitro studies that dealt with the possible mechanisms of actions of the neuroprotective effect of vitamin D. Our findings showed that Vitamin D supplementation improves cognitive performance via reducing amyloidogenesis, restoration of neurotransmission, maintaining calcium balance, regulating neurotrophic factors, anti-inflammatory action, apoptosis regulation, antioxidant, and vascular processes. This review might be open new horizons in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the disease and neurodegeneration and enable the development of new approaches in treatment and prevention of the disease.
Impact of Socioeconomic Inequalities on Child Malnutrition
Authors: Qambrani Zamir Ahmed , Jamali Asif Nadeem , Siyal Habibullah , Azhar Sarah , Haque Hafiz Syed Imran-ul , Qamar Ambreen 
Published: December 2020

Socioeconomic status and the education of mother plays important role in providing better health care and nutrition to children. To the best of our knowledge the major population of Pakistan belongs to middle class and identification of malnutrition in our setups may help the policy makers to develop certain parameters to provide better nutrition to children under 5 years of age. The aims of current study were to analyze the prevalence of malnutrition and their association with different socioeconomic status in tertiary care hospital of Hyderabad.
Study Design: Cross sectional.
Place and Duration of Study: Study was performed at nutritional stabilization center of pediatric department of tertiary care hospital Hyderabad during the month of July 2019 to January 2020.
Methodology: Preformed proforma was designed to record the data of participants. Hospital protocols using WHO guidelines (17) i.e. 10 steps for in-patient care of severe malnutrition were started & followed with feeding F-75 & F-100. Data was analyzed on SPSS-20.
Results: The minimum age recorded was 8 months and maximum was found to be 45 months (3 years 9 months). 72% were females and 70% of participants had Weight to height ratio below normal. Prevalence of severe acute malnutrition was found to be 35.2%. After admission and management protocols 91.6% were recovered however, mortality was observed in 8.9% participants. Chi square analysis of all socioeconomic groups showed highly significant results with severe acute malnutrition (p-value= 0.001).
Conclusion: Current study concluded a high prevalence of SAM in Pakistani population that is about 35.2%, out of which majority was from lower socioeconomic class.
The Effect of Financial Health Level on Increasing Profitability of Insurance Companies Listed on IDX Period of 2014-2018
Authors: Anshori Mohamad Yusak , Fasila Ira , Muttaqiin Ninnasi 
Published: December 2020

This study was conducted to examine the effect of financial health level of insurance companies on their increasing profitability. It uses profitability as the dependent variable measured by Return on Assets (ROA) and the independent variable is financial health level measured by Non-Performing Loans (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Operational Efficiency Ratio (BOPO). It is quantitative research in which the sample was taken using a purposive sampling method. It uses secondary data collected from the annual financial reports of insurance companies during the 2014-2018 period. There were 10 companies selected and the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques with the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program version 23. The results show that three variables— such as Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Net Interest Margin (NIM)— have a positive effect on Return On Assets (ROA). On the contrary, the two variables such as Non-Performing Loans (NPL) and Operational Efficiency Ratio (BOPO) have no effect on Return on Assets (ROA).
Stimuli‐Responsive Nanomaterials for Smart Tumor‐Specific Phototherapeutics
Authors: Zhou Bo , Guo Zhengxi , Lin Zhaoxin , Jiang Bang‐Ping , Shen Xing‐Can 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhototherapy, a type of photoresponsive regulation of biological activities, together with additional stimuli‐responsive features, offers significant potential for enhancing the precision and eﬃcacy of cancer treatments. To achieve tumor‐specific therapeutics, numerous studies have focused on the development of smart phototherapeutic nanomaterials (PNMs) that can respond to endogenous pathological characteristics (e. g., mild acidity, the overproduction of glutathione, the overproduction of hydrogen peroxide, the overexpression of specific surface receptors, etc.) present in the tumor and/or exogenous stimuli. Such responsiveness can effectively improve the physicochemical properties, cellular uptake, tumor‐targeting performance, and pharmacokinetic profile of PNMs. Herein, we will systematically discuss recent advances in this field. Moreover, potential challenges and future directions in the development of stimuli‐responsive PNMs are also presented to support the development of this emerging cutting‐edge research area.
Effect of quantization and positron concentration on shielding potentials in electron‐positron‐ion plasma
Authors: Hafeez Sidra , Ali Shahid , Ikram Muhammed , Khan Majid 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe kinetic theory of plasma has been employed to compute the test‐charge potential distributions accounting for quantization effects in magnetized electron‐positron‐ion (EPI) plasmas. In this regard, the degenerate positrons and electrons are assumed to follow the Fermi‐Dirac distribution, while inertial ions are modelled by Maxwellian velocity distribution. By solving the Fourier‐transformed Vlasov–Poisson equations, a modified dielectric function and electrostatic potential is obtained. By imposing various constraints on the test‐charge speed, the potential profile has been analysed in terms of Debye–Hückel (DH), far‐field (FF), and wake‐field (WF) potentials. It has been found that the amplitude of DH and FF potentials increases by the inclusion of quantization effects, and it becomes the opposite for the WF potential profile. Furthermore, the variation of positron concentration significantly affects the DH, FF, and WF potentials. The present findings are important to understand the shielding phenomenon in degenerate multi‐species plasmas.
Activation of the regeneration‐associated gene STAT3 and functional changes in intact nociceptors after peripheral nerve damage in mice
Authors: Bernal Laura , Cisneros Elsa , Roza Carolina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the context of neuropathic pain, the contribution of regeneration to the development of positive symptoms is not completely understood. Several efforts have been done to described changes in axotomized neurons, however, there is scarce data on changes occurring in intact neurons, despite experimental evidence of functional changes. To address this issue, we analysed by immunohistochemistry the presence of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3), an accepted marker of regeneration, within DRGs where axotomized neurons were retrogradely labelled following peripheral nerve injury. Likewise, we have characterized abnormal electrophysiological properties in intact fibres after partial nerve injury.Methods/ResultsWe showed that induction of pSTAT3 in sensory neurons was similar after partial or total transection of the sciatic nerve and to the same extent within axotomized and non‐axotomized neurons. We also examined pSTAT3 presence on non‐peptidergic and peptidergic nociceptors. Whereas the percentage of neurons marked by IB4 decrease after injury, the proportion of CGRP neurons did not change, but its expression switched from small‐ to large‐diameter neurons. Besides, the percentage of CGRP+ neurons expressing pSTAT3 increased significantly 2.5‐folds after axotomy, preferentially in neurons with large diameters. Electrophysiological recordings showed that after nerve damage, most of the neurons with ectopic spontaneous activity (39/46) were non‐axotomized C‐fibres with functional receptive fields in the skin far beyond the site of damage.ConclusionsNeuronal regeneration after nerve injury, likely triggered from the site of injury, may explain the abnormal functional properties gained by intact neurons, reinforcing their role in neuropathic pain.SignificancePositive symptoms in patients with peripheral neuropathies correlate to abnormal functioning of different subpopulations of primary afferents. Peripheral nerve damage triggers regenerating programs in the cell bodies of axotomized but also in non‐axotomized nociceptors which is in turn, develop abnormal spontaneous and evoked discharges. Therefore, intact nociceptors have a significant role in the development of neuropathic pain due to their hyperexcitable peripheral terminals. Therapeutical targets should focus on inhibiting peripheral hyperexcitability in an attempt to limit peripheral and central sensitization.
Gender and Climate Change Adaptation Among Rural Households in Nigeria
Authors: Ume Chukwuma Otum , Opata Patience Ifeyinwa , Onyekuru Anthony Nwa Jesus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFemale- and male-headed rural households have unequal opportunities in climate change adaptation. Efforts in climate change adaptation in regions with deeply entrenched sociocultural norms should also account for the varied gender components of climate change. The broad objective of this study is to integrate gender issues into climate change adaptation thereby distilling lessons and evidence for policymakers on how to approach the necessary transformation of gender relations in climate change interventions. The study employed focus group discussions to uncover the structural factors undermining women’s adaptive capacity, thereby making them vulnerable to climate change impacts. In addition to this, in-depth interviews were also conducted. For the in-depth interviews, 27 farmers were sampled using a snowballing method, while four focus groups were carried out differently for male and female farmers. Ten extension personnel and ten representations from the ministry of agriculture were also surveyed using in-depth interviews. Results from the study showed that female farmers in the region were more vulnerable to climate change as a result of the deeply rooted cultural systems and unwarranted assumptions about women. Findings also suggested that women with high adaptive capacity were less vulnerable to climate impacts. We conclude that gender-responsive climate change adaptation is important in achieving balanced relations that will ensure climate resilience in more equitable and nonhierarchical ways.
Open associahedra and scattering forms
Authors: Herderschee Aidan , Teng Fei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We continue the study of open associahedra associated with bi-color scattering amplitudes initiated in ref. [1]. We focus on the facet geometries of the open associahedra, uncovering many new phenomena such as fiber-product geometries. We then provide novel recursion procedures for calculating the canonical form of open associahedra, generalizing recursion relations for bounded polytopes to unbounded polytopes.
De-Bruijn-Folgen und Zauberei
Authors: Rahija Martina , Weng Annegret 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDe-Bruijn-Folgen in der Zauberkunst wurden bereits von mehreren Autoren vorgeschlagen und auch mit Erfolg auf der Bühne eingesetzt (siehe z. B. [2, 4, 11]). Insbesondere gibt es dazu einen bekannten effektvollen Trick mit einem Skatspiel bestehend aus $$32$$
32
Karten. Dieser setzt nicht voraus, dass sich der Zauberer die De-Bruijn-Folge und die Kodierung in Kartenwerte merken muss, da er alle notwendigen Informationen berechnen kann.In diesem Artikel gehen wir auf die mathematischen Grundlagen spezieller, durch lineare Abbildungen generierte De-Bruijn-Folgen ein. Mit der Theorie gelingt es uns, den Trick von $$32$$
32
Karten auf das Pokerspiel mit $$52$$
52
Karten bzw. auf das Kartenspiel „Set“  mit $$81$$
81
Karten zu übertragen. In beiden Fällen kann sich der Zauberer mit etwas Übung die nötigen Informationen errechnen und muss dadurch wenig memorieren.
The best task allocation process is to decide on one’s own: effects of the allocation agent in human–robot interaction on perceived work characteristics and satisfaction
Authors: Tausch Alina , Kluge Annette 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNew technologies are ever evolving and have the power to change human work for the better or the worse depending on the implementation. For human–robot interaction (HRI), it is decisive how humans and robots will share tasks and who will be in charge for decisions on task allocation. The aim of this online experiment was to examine the influence of different decision agents on the perception of a task allocation process in HRI. We assume that inclusion of the worker in the allocation will create more perceived work resources and will lead to more satisfaction with the allocation and the work results than a decision made by another agent. To test these hypotheses, we used a fictional production scenario where tasks were allocated to the participant and a robot. The allocation decision was either made by the robot, by an organizational unit, or by the participants themselves. We then looked for differences between those conditions. Our sample consisted of 151 people. In multiple ANOVAs, we could show that satisfaction with the allocation process, the solution, and with the result of the work process was higher in the condition where participants themselves were given agency in the allocation process compared to the other two. Those participants also experienced more task identity and autonomy. This has implications for the design of allocation processes: The inclusion of workers in task allocation can play a crucial role in leveraging the acceptance of HRI and in designing humane work systems in Industry 4.0.
Do drivers change their manual car-following behaviour after automated car-following?
Authors: Louw Tyron , Goncalves Rafael , Torrao Guilhermina , Radhakrishnan Vishnu , Lyu Wei , Puente Guillen Pablo , Merat Natasha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere is evidence that drivers’ behaviour adapts after using different advanced driving assistance systems. For instance, drivers’ headway during car-following reduces after using adaptive cruise control. However, little is known about whether, and how, drivers’ behaviour will change if they experience automated car-following, and how this is affected by engagement in non-driving-related tasks (NDRT). The aim of this driving simulator study, conducted as part of the H2020 L3Pilot project, was to address this topic. We also investigated the effect of the presence of a lead vehicle during the resumption of control, on subsequent manual driving behaviour. Thirty-two participants were divided into two experimental groups. During automated car-following, one group was engaged in an NDRT (SAE Level 3), while the other group was free to look around the road environment (SAE Level 2). Both groups were exposed to Long (1.5 s) and Short (.5 s) Time Headway (THW) conditions during automated car-following, and resumed control both with and without a lead vehicle. All post-automation manual drives were compared to a Baseline Manual Drive, which was recorded at the start of the experiment. Drivers in both groups significantly reduced their time headway in all post-automation drives, compared to a Baseline Manual Drive. There was a greater reduction in THW after drivers resumed control in the presence of a lead vehicle, and also after they had experienced a shorter THW during automated car-following. However, whether drivers were in L2 or L3 did not appear to influence the change in mean THW. Subjective feedback suggests that drivers appeared not to be aware of the changes to their driving behaviour, but preferred longer THWs in automation. Our results suggest that automated driving systems should adopt longer THWs in car-following situations, since drivers’ behavioural adaptation may lead to adoption of unsafe headways after resumption of control.
Rapid and Reliable Detection of Echinococcus multilocularis from Faeces Using Droplet Digital PCR
Authors: Bagó Fabian , Hoelzl Franz , Knauer Felix , Kübber-Heiss Anna , Smith Steve 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Alveolar echinococcosis is a severe helminthic disease in humans caused by larvae of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. Austria is considered an endemic area with hotspots having up to 45% prevalence (Bagó et al. in Proceedings of the Zoo and Wildlife Health Conference 2019, Berlin, p. 91, 2019). At our facility, we have registered a notifiable increase of animals submitted for the diagnosis of E. multilocularis since 2016. Therefore, we investigated high throughput diagnostic methods to provide rapid and reliable results in comparison with our current method.

Methods
We have developed and compared a novel method of detection using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) combined with previous target specific extraction according to Maas et al. (Vet Parasitol 230:20–24, 2016), with our current macroscopic method “Shaking in a Vessel Technique” (SVT) by Duscher et al. (Parasitol Res 95(1):40–42, 2005). We investigated 77 wild canids (72 red foxes, 5 golden jackals) using both methods. The data were analyzed using a non-Bayesian approach, applying bootstrapping to create confidentiality intervals.

Results
Sensitivity for droplet digital PCR was 90.51% with the 95% credibility interval ranging from 82.50 to 96.92%, whereas mean sensitivity for SVT was 92.04% with a 95% credibility interval ranging from 84.75% to 98.36%. Additionally, a non-linear regression similar to R2 could be pointed out between the counted worms and the results gathered from ddPCR.

Conclusion
Magnetic capture extraction followed by ddPCR shows strong potential as a high throughput method for diagnosing E. multilocularis prevalence in diverse canid populations as well as infection intensities of individual animals, giving valuable epidemiological insights of the distribution amongst wild canids as an alternative to conventional qPCR or macroscopic methods.
Deep Learning in Transport Studies: A Meta-analysis on the Prediction Accuracy
Authors: Varghese Varun , Chikaraishi Makoto , Urata Junji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDeep learning methods are being increasingly applied in transport studies, while the methods require modellers to go through a try-and-error model tuning process particularly on choosing neural network structure. Moreover, the accuracy level also depends on other factors such as the type of data, sample size, region of data collection, and time of prediction. To efficiently facilitate such a model tuning process, this study attempts to summarize the relationship between the prediction accuracy of deep learning models and the factors which influence it. We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature by adopting a detailed search strategy, followed by a meta-analysis on prediction accuracy. Four separate linear mixed effects models, taking into account unobserved heterogeneities in prediction accuracy across studies, were developed to statistically test the impacts of influential factors on prediction accuracy for (a) all observations (136 studies; 2314 cases), (b) studies with MAPE, MRE, and average accuracy indicators (86 studies; 1,878 cases), (c) classification-based studies with accuracy indicator (29 studies; 220 cases), and (d) traffic forecasting studies with MAPE, MRE, and average accuracy indicators (36 studies, 991 cases). The final model includes additional factors to test the influence of sample size and time horizon of prediction variables. The findings showed that, as expected, deep learning models, particularly ones that consider spatiotemporal dependencies of transport phenomena, show better prediction accuracies compared to conventional machine learning models. We also found that, on average, the prediction accuracy is improved by 5.90% with 100 million additional data, while the accuracy is reduced by 5.28% with 100 min increase in time horizon of prediction in traffic forecasting studies. We concluded this paper with a comprehensive summary of the existing findings on the applications of deep learning to transport studies.
Bioecology of Anagyrus saccharicola (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the pink sugarcane mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Authors: Souza Ivana Lemos , de Paulo Hágabo Honorato , Taguti Érica Ayumi , Martinelli Nilza Maria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractParasitoids can be used as biological agents of pest control. Anagyrus saccharicola Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a parasitoid of the pink sugarcane mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Although this mealybug is present in all sugarcane-producing countries, there is limited information regarding this pest and its parasitoid. Aiming to elucidate information on bioecological parameters of A. saccharicola, were evaluated the survival of parasitoid females and males at three temperatures, the host preference of the parasitoid, and the fecundity and longevity of the host. In addition, the parasitism rate of A. saccharicola was estimated based on three factors, feeding, mating, and time. Survival was evaluated at 20, 25, and 30°C. Host preference was conducted on 15-, 20-, and 30-day-old mealybugs. And the parasitism rate was evaluated in fed and unfed, mated and unmated parasitoids and with 24 h and newly emerged. The temperature of 20°C was the most favorable for parasitoid survival. Parasitism occurred at all evaluated ages of the mealybug; however, the preference was for those that were 30-days-old. The parasitized mealybugs longevity was approximately 8 additional days after parasitization, and non-parasitized mealybugs lived for an additional 20 days for mealybugs aged 30 and 20 days at the outset of the tests, and a further 13 days for the 15 days. Feeding and mating after 24 h of emergence resulted in a higher parasitism rate. These findings can contribute to more efficient rearing of A. saccharicola and in the planning of the biological control of S. sacchari in the integrated pest management programs.