bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental stress maintains trioecy in nematode worms
Authors: Anderson Ashlyn G. , Bubrig Louis T. , Fierst Janna L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSex is determined by chromosomes in mammals but it can be influenced by the environment in many worms, crustaceans and vertebrates. Despite this, there is little understanding of the relationship between ecology and the evolution of sexual systems. The nematodeAuanema freiburgensishas a unique sex determination system in which individuals carrying one X chromosome develop into males while XX individuals develop into females in stress-free environments and self-fertile hermaphrodites in stressful environments. Theory predicts that trioecious populations with coexisting males, females and hermaphrodites should be unstable intermediates in evolutionary transitions between mating systems. In this article we study a mathematical model of reproductive evolution based on the unique life history and sex determination ofA. freiburgensis. We develop the model in two scenarios, one where the relative production of hermaphrodites and females is entirely dependent on the environment and one based on empirical measurements of a population that displays incomplete, ‘leaky’ environmental dependence. In the first scenario environmental conditions can push the population along an evolutionary continuum and result in the stable maintenance of multiple reproductive systems. The second ‘leaky’ scenario results in the maintenance of three sexes for all environmental conditions. Theoretical investigations of reproductive system transitions have focused on the evolutionary costs and benefits of sex. Here, we show that the flexible sex determination system ofA. freiburgensismay contribute to population-level resilience in the microscopic nematode’s patchy, ephemeral natural habitat. Our results demonstrate that life history, ecology and environment may play defining roles in the evolution of sexual systems.
Inducible cell-specific mouse models for paired epigenetic and transcriptomic studies of microglia and astroglia
Authors: Chucair-Elliott Ana J. , Ocañas Sarah R. , Stanford David R. , Ansere Victor A. , Buettner Kyla B. , Porter Hunter , Eliason Nicole L. , Reid Justin , Sharpe Amanda L. , Stout Michael B. , Beckstead Michael J. , Miller Benjamin F. , Richardson Arlan , Freeman Willard M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEpigenetic regulation of gene expression occurs in a cell type-specific manner. Current cell-type specific neuroepigenetic studies rely on cell sorting methods that can alter cell phenotype and introduce potential confounds. Here we demonstrate and validate a Nuclear Tagging and Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (NuTRAP) approach for temporally controlled labeling and isolation of ribosomes and nuclei, and thus RNA and DNA, from specific CNS cell types. Paired analysis of the transcriptome and DNA modifications in astrocytes and microglia demonstrates differential usage of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in CG and non-CG contexts that corresponds to cell type-specific gene expression. Application of this approach in LPS treated mice uncovers microglia-specific transcriptome and epigenome changes in inflammatory pathways that cannot be detected with tissue-level analysis. The NuTRAP model and the validation approaches presented can be applied to any CNS cell type for which a cell type-specific cre is available.
Apical Constriction Reversal upon Mitotic Entry Underlies Different Morphogenetic Outcomes of Cell Division
Authors: Ko Clint S. , Kalakuntla Prateek , Martin Adam C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDuring development, coordinated cell shape changes and cell divisions sculpt tissues. While these individual cell behaviors have been extensively studied, how cell shape changes and cell divisions that occur concurrently in epithelia influence tissue shape is less understood. We addressed this question in two contexts of the earlyDrosophilaembryo: premature cell division during mesoderm invagination, and native ectodermal cell divisions with ectopic activation of apical contractility. Using quantitative live-cell imaging, we demonstrated that mitotic entry reverses apical contractility by interfering with medioapical RhoA signaling. While premature mitotic entry inhibits mesoderm invagination, which relies on apical constriction, mitotic entry in an artificially contractile ectoderm induced ectopic tissue invaginations. Ectopic invaginations resulted from medioapical myosin loss in neighboring mitotic cells. This myosin loss enabled non-mitotic cells to apically constrict through mitotic cell stretching. Thus, the spatial pattern of mitotic entry can differentially regulate tissue shape through signal interference between apical contractility and mitosis.
Sub physiological temperature induces pervasive alternative splicing in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Tzani Ioanna , Monger Craig , Motheramgari Krishna , Gallagher Clair , Hagan Ryan , Kelly Paul , Costello Alan , Meiller Justine , Floris Patrick , Zhang Lin , Clynes Martin , Bones Jonathan , Barron Niall , Clarke Colin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRNA sequencing (RNASeq) has been widely used to associate alterations in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell gene expression with bioprocess phenotypes, however alternative mRNA splicing, has thus far, received little attention. In this study, we utilised RNASeq for transcriptomic analysis of a monoclonal antibody producing CHOK1 cell line subjected to a temperature shift. More than 2,365 instances of differential splicing were observed 24hrs after the reduction of cell culture temperature. 1,163 of these alternative splicing events were identified in genes where no changes in abundance were detected by standard differential expression analysis. Ten examples of alternative splicing were selected for independent validation using qPCR in the monoclonal antibody producing CHOK1 line used for RNASeq and a further 2 CHOK1 cell lines. This analysis provided evidence that exon skipping and mutually exclusive splicing events occur in genes linked to the cellular response to changes in temperature and mitochondrial function. While further work is required to determine the impact of changes in mRNA sequence on cellular phenotype, this study demonstrates that alternative splicing analysis can be utilised to gain a deeper understanding of post-transcriptional regulation in CHO cells during biopharmaceutical production.
Boundary tourism and touristic boundaries in Marseille’s northern districts
Authors: Hascoët Yannick 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the touristic classification of the developing practices in the northern districts of Marseille (France).

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on participant observation and semi-structured interviews, sometimes conducted within a sightseeing tour situation and loosely inspired by the “guided tours” technique.

Findings
The paper shows there is currently no definition of tourism in itself, just tourism for itself. Hence, the touristic classification of the implementations in Marseille’s northern districts is relative, relational and transversal.

Research limitations/implications
The paper does not exhaust (far from it) the subject of the touristic classification of the implementations in Marseille or, a fortiori, the debate on what “makes” tourism. This paper is simply one link in the historical chain of Marseille’s northern districts, which are (or are not) currently being invented as a tourist destination.

Practical implications
This research has led to sustained and continuous exchanges since 2012 with the Hôtel du Nord cooperative, which discusses and integrates the academic point of view into its practice, most notably to advance in its relationship with the touristic classification of the practices it deploys.

Originality/value
The contribution made by this paper to the debate on the classification of contemporary tourism is based on a domain that is as yet relatively unexplored from this point of view and which has benefited from the close investigation of practices that the author’s embedded-researcher position has allowed.
Assessing firesetters with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Taylor John L. , Thorne Ian 
Published: December 2019

PurposePeople with intellectual disabilities who set fires are a heterogeneous and clinically complex group who present significant challenges to the wider community and to forensic practitioners working in forensic mental health and correctional settings. There is little available in the literature to support professionals when considering assessment and formulation for clients exhibiting these perturbing behaviours. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper the materials available to assist forensic practitioners in considering assessment and formulation of people with intellectual disabilities who set fires are described and outlined.FindingsAn assessment scheme is proposed for organising information from a variety of sources to assist professionals in understanding the nature of risks and clinical needs of firesetters with intellectual disabilities. A newly revised risk assessment measure designed for this population is provided.Practical implicationsForensic practitioners are provided with a framework and tools to assist with their assessment and formulation of firesetters with intellectual disabilities.Originality/valueThis is the first time a newly revised risk assessment for firesetting behaviour by people with intellectual disabilities has been presented.
A non-programmers guide to enhancing and making sense of EZ Proxy logs
Authors: Murphy Sarah Anne 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
Libraries throughout the world use OCLC’s EZproxy software to manage access to e-resources. When cleaned, processed, visualized and enhanced, these logs paint a valuable picture of a library’s impact on researcher’s lives. The purpose of this paper is to share techniques and procedures for enhancing and de-identifying EZproxy logs using Tableau, a data analytics and visualization software, and Tableau Prep, a tool used for cleaning, combining and shaping data for analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
In February 2018, The Ohio State University Libraries established an automated daily process to extract and clean EZproxy log files. The assessment librarian created a series of procedures in Tableau and Tableau Prep to union, parse and enhance these files by adding information such as user major, user status (faculty, graduate or undergraduate) and the title of the requested resource. She last stripped the data set of identifiers and applied best practices for maintaining confidentiality to visualize the data.

Findings
The data set is currently 1.5m rows and growing. The visualizations may be filtered by date, user status and user department/major where applicable. Safeguards are in place to limit data presentation when filters might reveal a user’s identity.

Originality/value
Tableau used in concert with Tableau Prep allows an assessment librarian to clean and combine data from various sources. Once procedures for cleaning and combining data sources are established, the data driving visualizations can be set to refresh on a set schedule. This expedites the ability of librarians to derive actionable insights from EZproxy data and to share the library’s positive impact on researcher’s lives.
Marketing management capability: the construct and its dimensions
Authors: Brown Dalila , Foroudi Pantea , Hafeez Khalid 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the relationship between corporate cultural/intangible assets and marketing capabilities by examining managers’ and entrepreneurs’ perceptions in a retail setting.

Design/methodology/approach
Nineteen face-to-face interviews were conducted with UK small and medium sized enterprise (SMEs) managers and entrepreneurs to identify six sub-capabilities that form marketing capability. The authors further validated the relationship between marketing sub-capabilities and its antecedent tangible and intangible assets. The qualitative approach used provided a deeper insight into the motivations, perceptions and associations of the stakeholders behind these intangible concepts, and their relationships with their customers.

Findings
The research identified that there is a strong relationship between tangible and intangible assets, their components and the following capabilities: corporate/brand identity management, market sensing, customer relationship, social media/communication, design/innovation management and performance management. In addition, companies need to understand clearly what tangible and intangible assets comprise these capabilities. Where performance management is one of the key internal capabilities, companies must highlight the importance of strong cultural assets that substantially contribute to a company’s performance.

Originality/value
Previous work on dynamic capability analysis is too generic, predominantly relating to the manufacturing sector, and/or focussing on using a single case study example. This study extends the concept of marketing capability in a retail setting by identifying six sub-capabilities and describing the relationship of each with tangible and intangible assets. Through extensive qualitative analysis, the authors provide evidence that by fully exploiting their embedded culture and other intangible components, companies can more favourably engage with their customers to attain a sustainable competitive advantage.
The research cost of adapting agriculture to climate change: A global analysis to 2050
Authors: Baldos Uris Lantz C. , Fuglie Keith O. , Hertel Thomas W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInvestments in agricultural research and development (R&D) made over the next few decades will likely prove critical in offsetting adverse climate change impacts on the global food system. In this study, we offer cost estimates of public R&D‐led adaptation to climate change grounded in an explicit framework relating the flow of annual R&D expenditures to building knowledge capital and thereby raising productivity in agriculture. Our research uses a comprehensive collection of historical public agricultural R&D expenditure and a literature review of elasticity estimates linking knowledge stocks to agricultural productivity growth for key world regions. Given climate‐driven crop yield projections generated from extreme combinations of crop and global circulation models, we find that offsetting crop yield losses projected by climate and crop models over 2006–2050 would require increased R&D adaptation investments of between $187 billion and $1,384 billion (in 2005 $PPP) if we invest between 2020 and 2040. This is 16–118% higher than global R&D investment if present spending trends continue. Although these costs are significant, worldwide R&D‐led climate adaptation could offer favorable economic returns. Moreover, R&D‐led adaptation could deliver gains in food security and environmental sustainability by mitigating food price increases and slowing cropland expansion.
Cash transfer program and child underweight—Empirical evidence from a causal mediation analysis
Authors: Liao Pei‐An , Chang Hung‐Hao , Su Yi‐Ju 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite the existence of a voluminous literature on cash transfer programs, little is known about their impacts on the underweight of children. To fill the knowledge gap, this study uses a unique individual panel data set to analyze how participation in the Children Sponsorship Program (CSP) improves underweight status among needy children and adolescents in Taiwan. This study examines not only the program effect on children's underweight, but also underscores the potential pathways behind the program effect by employing a causal mediation analysis. Our analysis finds that exiting the CSP has a negative impact on the improvement of underweight status. Moreover, eating breakfast every day and receiving pocket money from parents can be two significant mediators that link the effect of exiting the CSP and the change in underweight status among children and adolescents.
Morphological features of the gastrointestinal tract of Garganey (Anas querquedula, Linnaeus 1758)—Oesophagus to coprodeum
Authors: Hanafy Basma G. , Abumandour Mohamed M. A. , Bassuoni Naglaa F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present work was aimed to study the gastrointestinal tract in Garganey from the oesophagus to coprodeum by the aid of the gross morphology, scanning electron microscopy and histology. At the level of the thoracic inlet, the oesophagus had a thick part which had numerous tortuous longitudinal folds carried transverse folds on them. Histologically, the thick part had thick epithelium and appeared more folded with more and larger glands. The mucosa of the proventriculus had mucosal folds appeared as a leaf‐like with rounded tips. The openings of the proventriculus glands were projected with papillae on the epithelial surface. The gizzard lined with horizontal layer of cuticle which sent vertical parts of cuticle. The duodenal villi were pentagonal in shape with sharply pointed tips, while the jejunal villi were triangular with rounded ends, and the ileal villi were wide and pentagonal in shape with pointed tips. The mucosa of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was thrown into villi lined by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells with difference in the form, length, density and number. The apical points of the duodenal and ileal villi appeared pointed, while the jejunal villi had rounded ends. The jejunal villi were longer and numerous than the duodenal villi, but the ileal villi appeared with different length and less numerous. The mucosa of the caecum had numerous mucous glands which surrounded by circular crypts. The rectal mucosa had longitudinal folds and semilunar and circular crypts. The mucosa of the coprodeum had longitudinal folds surrounded by crypts.
Endothelial–platelet interactions in influenza‐induced pneumonia: A potential therapeutic target
Authors: Rommel Marcel G. E. , Milde Christian , Eberle Regina , Schulze Harald , Modlich Ute 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEvery year, influenza viruses spread around the world, infecting the respiratory systems of countless humans and animals, causing illness and even death. Severe influenza infection is associated with pulmonary epithelial damage and endothelial dysfunction leading to acute lung injury (ALI). There is evidence that an aggressive cytokine storm and cell damage in lung capillaries as well as endothelial/platelet interactions contribute to vascular leakage, pro‐thrombotic milieu and infiltration of immune effector cells. To date, treatments for ALI caused by influenza are limited to antiviral drugs, active ventilation or further symptomatic treatments. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of influenza‐mediated pathogenesis, permissive animal models and histopathological changes of lung tissue in both mice and men and compare it with histological and electron microscopic data from our own group. We highlight the molecular and cellular interactions between pulmonary endothelium and platelets in homeostasis and influenza‐induced pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss novel therapeutic targets on platelets/endothelial interaction to reduce or resolve ALI.
Manual perineal protection: The know‐how and the know‐why
Authors: Kleprlikova Hana , Kalis Vladimir , Lucovnik Miha , Rusavy Zdenek , Blaganje Mija , Thakar Ranee , Ismail Khaled M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractManual perineal protection is an obstetric intervention to mitigate the risk of perineal trauma. There are two effective techniques (Finnish and Viennese) with minor but distinctive differences in between them. The main aim of this study was to explore clinicians’ knowledge about the manual perineal protection technique they use. The study took place in three maternity units that support manual perineal protection policy in three European countries (Czech Republic, Slovenia and the UK). Our study demonstrated that the majority of participants are aware of the concept of manual perineal protection. However, there were significant differences between staff responses regarding their views and experience with manual perineal protection in general. Less than 6% of respondents were able to provide an accurate account of the actual maneuvers they perform when manually protecting the perineum. Although this is not necessarily synonymous with suboptimal performance, it highlights the potential need to give more attention to the theory that underpins the technical skill in manual perineal protection training programs.
Towards a New Flashmob Unionism: The Case of theFight for 15Movement
Authors: Pasquier Vincent , Daudigeos Thibault , Barros Marcos 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnionism renewal has been described as a hybridization process between ‘old’ and ‘new’ logics. Understanding how these two potentially conflicting logics might be combined, however, has so far received little attention. Through the study of the Fight for 15 (FF15) movement, we investigate how the old ‘collectivist’ logic of action‐oriented unions and the new ‘connectivist’ logic are being hybridized. To do so, we develop a mixed‐methods approach that combines interviews with Twitter data. We evidence three mechanisms through which the collectivist and connectivist logics are being hybridized, namely, imbrication, camouflage and cumulation. We suggest to name ‘flashmob unionism’ the hybrid logic of FF15, characterized by apparently spontaneous mobilizations, a loosely co‐ordinated organization, a personalized communication and online virality.
Mitochondrial pharmacology: featured mechanisms and approaches for therapy translation
Authors: Wang Xin , Galli Gina , Campanella Michelangelo 
Published: December 2019

Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Featured Mechanisms and Approaches for Therapy Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.22/issuetoc