bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high-resolution map of reactive nitrogen inputs to China
Authors: Wang Sitong , Zhang Xiuming , Wang Chen , Zhang Xiuying , Reis Stefan , Xu Jianming , Gu Baojing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo feed an increasingly affluent population, reactive nitrogen (Nr) inputs to China’s lands and waters have substantially increased over the past century. Today, China’s Nr emissions account for over one third of global total emissions, leading to serious environmental pollution and health damages. Quantifying the spatial variability of Nr inputs is crucial for the identification of intervention points to mitigate Nr pollution, which, however, is not well known. Here, we present a database describing Nr inputs to China for the year 2017 with a 1 km × 1 km resolution, considering land use and Nr sources, compiled by using the CHANS model. Results show that the North China Plain, the Sichuan Basin and the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Plain are hotspots of Nr inputs, where per hectare Nr input is an order of magnitude higher than that in other regions. Cropland and surface water bodies receive much higher Nr inputs than other land use types. This unique database will provide basic data for research on environmental health and global change modelling.
NFKB1 gene rs28362491 ins/del variation is associated with higher susceptibility to myocardial infarction in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Luo Jun-Yi , Li Yan-Hong , Fang Bin-Bin , Tian Ting , Liu Fen , Li Xiao-Mei , Gao Xiao-Ming , Yang Yi-Ning 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI), the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, is a disease in which multiple environmental and genetic factors are involved. Recently, researches suggested that insertion/deletion (ins/del) variation of NFKB1 gene rs28362491 is a functional polymorphism. In the present study, we aimed to explore the relation between variation of NFKB1 gene rs28362491 and MI by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) in 359 MI patients and 1085 control participants. Gensini score was used to evaluate the degree of coronary artery stenosis in MI patients. The plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, malonaldehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were randomly measured by ELISA both in MI patients and control participants. We found that the detected frequencies of D allele (41.2% vs. 36.4%, P = 0.021) and DD genotype (17.5% vs. 12.0%, P = 0.022) were significantly higher in MI patients than in control participants. Compared with II or ID genotype carriers, the Gensini score in MI patients with DD genotype was 32–43% higher (both P < 0.001). Moreover, DD genotype carries had more diseased coronary arteries (P = 0.001 vs. II or ID genotype). Of note, IL-6 levels in MI patients carrying DD genotype were significantly higher than that in control participants and other genotype carriers in MI patients (both P < 0.05). In conclusion, NFKB1 gene rs28362491 DD genotype was associated with a higher risk of MI and more severe coronary artery lesion, which also had a potential influence on the level of inflammatory cytokine IL-6.
Seasonality and light phase-resetting in the mammalian circadian rhythm
Authors: Hannay Kevin M. , Forger Daniel B. , Booth Victoria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study the impact of light on the mammalian circadian system using the theory of phase response curves. Using a recently developed ansatz we derive a low-dimensional macroscopic model for the core circadian clock in mammals. Significantly, the variables and parameters in our model have physiological interpretations and may be compared with experimental results. We focus on the effect of four key factors which help shape the mammalian phase response to light: heterogeneity in the population of oscillators, the structure of the typical light phase response curve, the fraction of oscillators which receive direct light input and changes in the coupling strengths associated with seasonal day-lengths. We find these factors can explain several experimental results and provide insight into the processing of light information in the mammalian circadian system. In particular, we find that the sensitivity of the circadian system to light may be modulated by changes in the relative coupling forces between the light sensing and non-sensing populations. Finally, we show how seasonal day-length, after-effects to light entrainment and seasonal variations in light sensitivity in the mammalian circadian clock are interrelated.
Recurring urothelial carcinomas show genomic rearrangements incompatible with a direct relationship
Authors: Marzouka Nour-Al-Dain , Lindgren David , Eriksson Pontus , Sjödahl Gottfrid , Bernardo Carina , Liedberg Fredrik , Axelson Håkan , Höglund Mattias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe used the fact that patients with non-muscle invasive bladder tumors show local recurrences and multiple tumors to study re-initiation of tumor growth from the same urothelium. By extensive genomic analyses we show that tumors from the same patient are clonal. We show that gross genomic chromosomal aberrations may be detected in one tumor, only to be undetected in a recurrent tumor. By analyses of incompatible changes i.e., genomic alterations that cannot be reversed, we show that almost all tumors from a single patient may show such changes, thus the tumors cannot have originated from each other. As recurring tumors share both genomic alterations and driver gene mutations, these must have been present in the urothelium in periods with no tumor growth. We present a model that includes a growing and evolving field of urothelial cells that occasionally, and locally, produce bursts of cellular growth leading to overt tumors.
Differentiation of low and high grade renal cell carcinoma on routine MRI with an externally validated automatic machine learning algorithm
Authors: Purkayastha Subhanik , Zhao Yijun , Wu Jing , Hu Rong , McGirr Aidan , Singh Sukhdeep , Chang Ken , Huang Raymond Y. , Zhang Paul J. , Silva Alvin , Soulen Michael C. , Stavropoulos S. William , Zhang Zishu , Bai Harrison X. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPre-treatment determination of renal cell carcinoma aggressiveness may help guide clinical decision-making. We aimed to differentiate low-grade (Fuhrman I–II) from high-grade (Fuhrman III–IV) renal cell carcinoma using radiomics features extracted from routine MRI. 482 pathologically confirmed renal cell carcinoma lesions from 2008 to 2019 in a multicenter cohort were retrospectively identified. 439 lesions with information on Fuhrman grade from 4 institutions were divided into training and test sets with an 8:2 split for model development and internal validation. Another 43 lesions from a separate institution were set aside for independent external validation. The performance of TPOT (Tree-Based Pipeline Optimization Tool), an automatic machine learning pipeline optimizer, was compared to hand-optimized machine learning pipeline. The best-performing hand-optimized pipeline was a Bayesian classifier with Fischer Score feature selection, achieving an external validation ROC AUC of 0.59 (95% CI 0.49–0.68), accuracy of 0.77 (95% CI 0.68–0.84), sensitivity of 0.38 (95% CI 0.29–0.48), and specificity of 0.86 (95% CI 0.78–0.92). The best-performing TPOT pipeline achieved an external validation ROC AUC of 0.60 (95% CI 0.50–0.69), accuracy of 0.81 (95% CI 0.72–0.88), sensitivity of 0.12 (95% CI 0.14–0.30), and specificity of 0.97 (95% CI 0.87–0.97). Automated machine learning pipelines can perform equivalent to or better than hand-optimized pipeline on an external validation test non-invasively predicting Fuhrman grade of renal cell carcinoma using conventional MRI.
Diversity of secoiridoid glycosides in leaves of UK and Danish ash provide new insight for ash dieback management
Authors: Sidda John D. , Song Lijiang , Parker Jack L. , Studholme David J. , Sambles Christine , Grant Murray 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSecoiridoid glycosides are anti-feeding deterrents of the Oleaceae family recently highlighted as potential biomarkers in Danish ash trees to differentiate between those tolerant and susceptible to the fungal disease ash dieback. With the knowledge that emerald ash borer has recently entered Europe from Russia, and that extensive selection trials are ongoing in Europe for ash dieback tolerant European ash (Fraxinus excelsior), we undertook comprehensive screening of secoiridoid glycosides in leaf extracts of trees tolerant and susceptible to ash dieback sampled from sites in the UK and Denmark. Here we report an unexpected diversity of secoiridoid glycosides in UK trees and higher levels of secoiridoid glycosides in the UK sample group. While it is unlikely that secoiridoid glycosides generally can serve as reliable markers for ash dieback susceptibility, there are differences between tolerant and susceptible groups for specific secoiridoids. We predict that the high levels—and structural diversity—of secoiridoids present in the UK group may provide a robust reservoir of anti-feeding deterrents to mitigate future herbivore threats such as the Emerald ash borer.
Step-like dependence of memory function on pulse width in spintronics reservoir computing
Authors: Yamaguchi Terufumi , Akashi Nozomi , Nakajima Kohei , Kubota Hitoshi , Tsunegi Sumito , Taniguchi Tomohiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhysical reservoir computing is a type of recurrent neural network that applies the dynamical response from physical systems to information processing. However, the relation between computation performance and physical parameters/phenomena still remains unclear. This study reports our progress regarding the role of current-dependent magnetic damping in the computational performance of reservoir computing. The current-dependent relaxation dynamics of a magnetic vortex core results in an asymmetric memory function with respect to binary inputs. A fast relaxation caused by a large input leads to a fast fading of the input memory, whereas a slow relaxation by a small input enables the reservoir to keep the input memory for a relatively long time. As a result, a step-like dependence is found for the short-term memory and parity-check capacities on the pulse width of input data, where the capacities remain at 1.5 for a certain range of the pulse width, and drop to 1.0 for a long pulse-width limit. Both analytical and numerical analyses clarify that the step-like behavior can be attributed to the current-dependent relaxation time of the vortex core to a limit-cycle state.
Radiomics features of hippocampal regions in magnetic resonance imaging can differentiate medial temporal lobe epilepsy patients from healthy controls
Authors: Park Yae Won , Choi Yun Seo , Kim Song E. , Choi Dongmin , Han Kyunghwa , Kim Hwiyoung , Ahn Sung Soo , Kim Sol-Ah , Kim Hyeon Jin , Lee Seung-Koo , Lee Hyang Woon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo investigative whether radiomics features in bilateral hippocampi from MRI can identify temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). A total of 131 subjects with MRI (66 TLE patients [35 right and 31 left TLE] and 65 healthy controls [HC]) were allocated to training (n = 90) and test (n = 41) sets. Radiomics features (n = 186) from the bilateral hippocampi were extracted from T1-weighted images. After feature selection, machine learning models were trained. The performance of the classifier was validated in the test set to differentiate TLE from HC and ipsilateral TLE from HC. Identical processes were performed to differentiate right TLE from HC (training set, n = 69; test set; n = 31) and left TLE from HC (training set, n = 66; test set, n = 30). The best-performing model for identifying TLE showed an AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.848, 84.8%, 76.2%, and 75.0% in the test set, respectively. The best-performing radiomics models for identifying right TLE and left TLE subgroups showed AUCs of 0.845 and 0.840 in the test set, respectively. In addition, multiple radiomics features significantly correlated with neuropsychological test scores (false discovery rate-corrected p-values < 0.05). The radiomics model from hippocampus can be a potential biomarker for identifying TLE.
Habenula kisspeptin retrieves morphine impaired fear memory in zebrafish
Authors: Sivalingam Mageswary , Ogawa Satoshi , Parhar Ishwar S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe habenula is an evolutionarily conserved brain structure, which has recently been implicated in fear memory. In the zebrafish, kisspeptin (Kiss1) is predominantly expressed in the habenula, which has been implicated as a modulator of fear response. Hence, in the present study, we questioned whether Kiss1 has a role in fear memory and morphine-induced fear memory impairment using an odorant cue (alarm substances, AS)-induced fear avoidance paradigm in adult zebrafish, whereby the fear-conditioned memory can be assessed by a change of basal place preference (= avoidance) of fish due to AS-induced fear experience. Subsequently, to examine the possible role of Kiss1 neurons-serotonergic pathway, kiss1 mRNA and serotonin levels were measured. AS exposure triggered fear episodes and fear-conditioned place avoidance. Morphine treatment followed by AS exposure, significantly impaired fear memory with increased time-spent in AS-paired compartment. However, fish administered with Kiss1 (10–21 mol/fish) after morphine treatment had significantly lower kiss1 mRNA levels but retained fear memory. In addition, the total brain serotonin levels were significantly increased in AS- and Kiss1-treated groups as compared to control and morphine treated group. These results suggest that habenular Kiss1 might be involved in consolidation or retrieval of fear memory through the serotonin system.
Locked-in and living delta pathways in the Anthropocene
Authors: Santos Maria J. , Dekker Stefan C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDelta systems are fundamental to the persistence of large human populations, food systems and ecosystem processes. Structural changes in natural and social components of deltas, emerging from past land-use changes, have led deltas to become locked-in loosing the ability to transform back into living deltas, and making them more at risk. We propose a framework to assess whether deltas become locked-in by changes in natural or social infrastructure, by examining the dynamic coupling between population and land-use development over 300 years for 48 deltas globally. We find that 46% of the deltas are defined as living, where population, irrigation, and cropland are correlated. Of the 54% locked-in deltas, 21% show changes in natural infrastructure to cropland (n = 6) or irrigation (n = 4), and 33% (n = 16) show changes in social infrastructure. Most locked-in deltas are in Europe but also in other continents due to decoupled development of population and cropland. While, locked-in deltas due to changes in natural infrastructure have highest average risks, those with changes in social infrastructure and the living deltas have highest risks from future relative sea level rise. These results show that deltas have varying natural and social components derived from a 300 years historical perspective, which are not taken into account in risk assessments for global deltas.
Oxidative stress induced by the anti-cancer agents, plumbagin, and atovaquone, inhibits ion transport through Na+/K+-ATPase
Authors: Alharbi Yousef , Kapur Arvinder , Felder Mildred , Barroilhet Lisa , Pattnaik Bikash R. , Patankar Manish S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOxidative stress inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), the ion channel that maintains membrane potential. Here, we investigate the role of oxidative stress-mediated by plumbagin and atovaquone in the inhibition of NKA activity. We confirm that plumbagin and atovaquone inhibit the proliferation of three human (OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, and TYKNu) and one mouse (ID8) ovarian cancer cell lines. The oxygen radical scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), attenuates the chemotoxicity of plumbagin and atovaquone. Whole-cell patch clamping demonstrates that plumbagin and atovaquone inhibit outward and the inward current flowing through NKA in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3. Although both drugs decrease cellular ATP; providing exogenous ATP (5 mM) in the pipet solution used during patch clamping did not recover NKA activity in the plumbagin or atovaquone treated SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. However, pretreatment of the cells with NAC completely abrogated the NKA inhibitory activity of plumbagin and atovaquone. Exposure of the SKOV-3 cells to either drug significantly decreases the expression of NKA. We conclude that oxidative stress caused by plumbagin and atovaquone degrades NKA, resulting in the inability to maintain ion transport. Therefore, when evaluating compounds that induce oxidative stress, it is important to consider the contribution of NKA inhibition to their cytotoxic effects on tumor cells.
Association of exhaled carbon monoxide with risk of cardio-cerebral-vascular disease in the China Kadoorie Biobank cohort study
Authors: Qiu Gaokun , Yu Kuai , Yu Canqing , Li Wending , Lv Jun , Guo Yu , Bian Zheng , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Chen Zhengming , Hu Frank B. , Li Liming , Wu Tangchun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExhaled carbon monoxide (COex) level has been proposed as a noninvasive and easily-obtainable cardiovascular risk marker, however, with limited prospective evidence, and its association with stroke risk has been rarely explored. Measurements of COex were performed during 2004–2008 baseline examinations in the China Kadoorie Biobank study among 512,891 adults aged 30–79 years from 10 diverse study areas. After excluding participants with baseline cardiopulmonary diseases, stroke and cancer, 178,485 men and 267,202 women remained. Cox regression yielded hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of cardio-cerebral-vascular disease (CCVD) associated with COex levels, with sequential addition of adjustment for proxy variables for CO exposure, including study area indexing ambient CO variations at large, and smoking and solid fuel use, apart from adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. During 7-year follow-up, we documented 1744 and 1430 major coronary events (myocardial infarction plus fatal ischemic heart disease), 8849 and 10,922 ischemic strokes, and 2492 and 2363 hemorrhagic strokes among men and women, respectively. The HRs with 95% CIs comparing the highest with lowest COex quintile were 2.15 [1.72, 2.69] for major coronary events, 1.65 [1.50, 1.80] for ischemic stroke, and 1.35 [1.13, 1.61] for hemorrhagic stroke among men, while among women higher associated risk was only observed for major coronary events (1.64 [1.35, 2.00]) and ischemic stroke (1.87 [1.73, 2.01]). The elevated risks were consistent when COex level was over 3 ppm. However, these associations were all attenuated until null by sequential addition of stratification by study areas, and adjustments of smoking and solid fuel use. Nevertheless, the association with ischemic stroke was maintained among the subgroup of male smokers even with adjustment for the depth and amount of cigarette smoking (HR [95% CI]: 1.37 [1.06, 1.77]), while a negative association with hemorrhagic stroke also appeared within this subgroup. Higher COex level (over 3 ppm) was associated with elevated risk of ischemic CCVD, but not independently of CO exposure. Our finding suggests that, though not an independent risk factor, COex could potentially provide a cost-effective biomarker for ischemic cardio-cerebral-vascular risk, given that CO exposure is ubiquitous.
Schrenk spruce leaf litter decomposition varies with snow depth in the Tianshan Mountains
Authors: Gong Lu , Chen Xin , Zhang Xueni , Yang Xiaodong , Cai Yanjiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSeasonal snowfall, a sensitive climate factor and the main form of precipitation in arid areas, is important for forest material circulation and surface processes and profoundly impacts litter decomposition and element turnover. However, how the thickness and duration of snow cover affect litter decomposition and element release remain unclear. Thus, to understand the effects of snow on litter decomposition, fiber degradation and their relationships with soil properties, a field litterbag experiment was conducted under no, thin, medium, and thick snow cover in a Schrenk spruce (Picea schrenkiana) forest gap in the Tianshan Mountains. The snow cover period exhibited markedly lower rates of decomposition than the snow-free period. The litter lignin, cellulose and N concentrations in the pregrowing season and middle growing season were significantly higher than those in the deep-freeze period, and the litter C and P concentrations were significantly higher during the onset of the freeze–thaw period, deep-freeze period and thaw period than in the late growing season. The litter cellulose, C and N concentrations were significantly higher under thick snow cover than under no snow cover in most stages. Moreover, the correlations among litter mass, cellulose, lignin/cellulose and soil bulk density varied with snow cover depth. The temporal variations and snow cover depth affected the decomposition process significantly. The former affected lignin, cellulose and P, and the latter affected cellulose, C and N and changed the litter-soil properties relationship. These differences provide references for understanding how winter conditions affect material cycling and other ecological processes under climate change.
Green fluorescent protein-based lactate and pyruvate indicators suitable for biochemical assays and live cell imaging
Authors: Harada Kazuki , Chihara Takami , Hayasaka Yuki , Mita Marie , Takizawa Mai , Ishida Kentaro , Arai Mary , Tsuno Saki , Matsumoto Mitsuharu , Ishihara Takeshi , Ueda Hiroshi , Kitaguchi Tetsuya , Tsuboi Takashi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGlycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, whereas fermentation can then produce lactate from pyruvate. Here, we developed single fluorescent protein (FP)-based lactate and pyruvate indicators with low EC50 for trace detection of metabolic molecules and live cell imaging and named them “Green Lindoblum” and “Green Pegassos,” respectively. Green Lindoblum (EC50 of 30 µM for lactate) and Green Pegassos (EC50 of 70 µM for pyruvate) produced a 5.2- and 3.3-fold change in fluorescence intensity in response to lactate and pyruvate, respectively. Green Lindoblum measured lactate levels in mouse plasma, and Green Pegassos in combination with D-serine dehydratase successfully estimated D-serine levels released from mouse primary cultured neurons and astrocytes by measuring pyruvate level. Furthermore, live cell imaging analysis revealed their utility for dual-colour imaging, and the interplay between lactate, pyruvate, and Ca2+ in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Therefore, Green Lindoblum and Green Pegassos will be useful tools that detect specific molecules in clinical use and monitor the interplay of metabolites and other related molecules in diverse cell types.