bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valorization of Agro-industrial Bio-waste from Seed Cotton in the Restoration of Degraded Soils in the District of Korhogo in Northern Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Alphonse Alui Konan , Didier Martial Yao Saraka , Franck Oro Zokou , Albert Yao-Kouamé 
Published: January 2020

The objective of this study was to restore degraded soils with organic manure from agro-industrial bio-waste (seed cotton) in the Department of Korhogo in Northern Côte d'Ivoire.
The research plots were set up in a Fisher block experimental design with four treatments, namely T0 (control soil), T1 (bio-waste at 1 month of biodegradation), T2 (bio-waste at 3 months of degradation) and T3 (bio-waste at 6 months of degradation).
On each of the treatments, bio-waste was applied using spreading technique and the variety F8128 of corn was sown to evaluate the agronomic performance of bio-waste. Four agronomic parameters were measured: Plant height, collar diameter, ear weight and grain yield. Likewise, the physical, physico-chemical and chemical analyses of the soil were performed before sowing and after corn harvesting.
The work was carried out from 2018 to 2019 in the district of Korhogo in Northern Côte d'Ivoire.
Our study shows significant increase in corn grain yield in each of the treatments (T1 = 2.26 T/ha; T2 = 1.98 T/ha and T3 = 1.48 T/ha) compared to the control (T0 = 1 T/ha). Laboratory analyses of the soil and bio-waste indicate a very low level of organic matter (MO varies from 0.55 to 0.77 g.kg-1) in the soil of the experimental plot and good mineralization of the organic matter in the bio-waste regardless of the decomposition time (C/N varies from 12 to 13). After application of the bio-waste, the organic matter content (T3 = 10.28 g.kg-1; T1 = 23.61 g.kg-1 and T2 = 23.63 g.kg-1) and nitrogen content (T3 = 0.69 g.kg-1; T1 = 1.16 g.kg-1 and T2 = 1.21 g.kg-1) of the various treatments significantly increased compared to the control soil (MO = 0.66 g.kg-1 and N = 0.013 g.kg-1). The pH level increased where the organic manure was applied becoming slightly acidic (5.7 to 6.4) compared to the control that had strong acidic reaction (4.8 to 5.1).
Based on our study, it is evident that organic fertilizer has positive effect on corn yield. The seed cotton bio-waste has had an improving effect on the degraded soil of in Northern Côte d’Ivoire.
Synthesis and Reactivity of 1,1‐ and 1,2‐Bisboronate Species
Authors: Nallagonda Rajender , Kumar Nivesh , Reddy Reddy Rajasekhar , Shioukhi Israa , Sagi Hila , Masarwa Ahmad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the past four decades, the chemistry of 1,1‐ and 1,2‐bisboronate compounds has been extensively explored. Many interesting structural features and reaction patterns have emerged, and more importantly, these compounds now feature prominently in both metal‐catalyzed and metal‐free transformations for the formation of CC bonds and C–heteroatom and other processes. This chapter aims to highlight the recent development in this rising research field, focusing on the synthesis of 1,1‐ and 1,2‐bisboronate compounds and their reactivity and selectivity that originate from the use of these bisboronates.
Domestic Adoption
Authors: Leve Leslie D. , Harold Gordon T. , Kintner Cady 
Published: January 2020

More than 100,000 domestic adoptions occur each year in the United States through public agency, private agency, and independent adoptions. A growing body of evidence highlights the important role of the adoptive family in facilitating the healthy development of the adopted child, as well as the role that experiences prior to adoption play in the adoptee's development. This entry summarizes key research studies on adopted children (age 0–12 years), including a recent intervention study with adoptive families. International research and the value of the domestic adoption design in addressing questions about the interplay between nature and nurture are also discussed.
Gaming
Authors: Blumberg Fran C. , Montgomery Anne , Graver Cleve A. , Oates Caroline , Blades Mark 
Published: January 2020

Contemporary digital games use sophisticated computer technology to generate realistic‐looking environments and convincing challenges. Games can be designed for recreational purposes, for academic and training purposes, and to promote physical or psychological well‐being. Two thirds of US households include at least one person who plays video games for at least 3 hours a week. Games are often categorized by genre, including shooter, fighting, and action games; adventure games; role‐playing games; sports games; and “serious” games in educational contexts. Games encourage involvement by giving players the opportunity to interact with the features of the game, feedback on the effectiveness of their performance, and “immerse” themselves in the game, that is, be a feeling presence within the game. The positive outcomes from game playing include enhanced cognitive skills, collaboration between players, and increased prosocial behaviors. New areas of research include a greater focus on how users become more adept at playing any individual game over a period of time, and the effects of ever more sophisticated modes of game delivery, like virtual reality.
Adhesive Hydrogels for Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration Using Minimally Invasive Procedures
Authors: Salzlechner Christoph , Haghighi Tabasom , Huebscher Isabella , Walther Anders Runge , Schell Sophie , Gardner Alexander , Undt Gerhard , da Silva Ricardo M. P. , Dreiss Cécile A. , Fan Kathleen , Gentleman Eileen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMinimally invasive surgical procedures aiming to repair damaged maxillofacial tissues are hampered by its small, complex structures and difficult surgical access. Indeed, while arthroscopic procedures that deliver regenerative materials and/or cells are common in articulating joints such as the knee, there are currently no treatments that surgically place cells, regenerative factors or materials into maxillofacial tissues to foster bone, cartilage or muscle repair. Here, hyaluronic acid (HA)‐based hydrogels are developed, which are suitable for use in minimally invasive procedures, that can adhere to the surrounding tissue, and deliver cells and potentially drugs. By modifying HA with both methacrylate (MA) and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa) groups using a completely aqueous synthesis route, it is shown that MA‐HA‐Dopa hydrogels can be applied under aqueous conditions, gel quickly using a standard surgical light, and adhere to tissue. Moreover, upon oxidation of the Dopa, human marrow stromal cells attach to hydrogels and survive when encapsulated within them. These observations show that when incorporated into HA‐based hydrogels, Dopa moieties can foster cell and tissue interactions, ensuring surgical placement and potentially enabling delivery/recruitment of regenerative cells. The findings suggest that MA‐HA‐Dopa hydrogels may find use in minimally invasive procedures to foster maxillofacial tissue repair.
Sodium/Potassium‐Ion Batteries: Boosting the Rate Capability and Cycle Life by Combining Morphology, Defect and Structure Engineering
Authors: Huang Huijuan , Xu Rui , Feng Yuezhan , Zeng Sifan , Jiang Yu , Wang Huijuan , Luo Wei , Yu Yan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCarbon‐based materials have been considered as the most promising anode materials for both sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), owing to their good chemical stability, high electrical conductivity, and environmental benignity. However, due to the large sizes of sodium and potassium ions, it is a great challenge to realize a carbon anode with high reversible capacity, long cycle life, and high rate capability. Herein, by rational design, N‐doped 3D mesoporous carbon nanosheets (N‐CNS) are successfully synthesized, which can realize unprecedented electrochemical performance for both SIBs and PIBs. The N‐CNS possess an ultrathin nanosheet structure with hierarchical pores, ultrahigh level of pyridinic N/pyrrolic N, and an expanded interlayer distance. The beneficial features that can enhance the Na‐/K‐ion intercalation/deintercalation kinetic process, shorten the diffusion length for both ions and electrons, and accommodate the volume change are demonstrated. Hence, the N‐CNS‐based electrode delivers a high capacity of 239 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 10 000 cycles for SIBs and 321 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 5000 cycles for PIBs. First‐principles calculation shows that the ultrahigh doping level of pyridinic N/pyrrolic N contributes to the enhanced sodium and potassium storage performance by modulating the charge density distribution on the carbon surface.
A Self‐Assembled Plasmonic Substrate for Enhanced Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Hou Shuai , Chen Yonghao , Lu Derong , Xiong Qirong , Lim Yun , Duan Hongwei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) has found widespread uses in biosensing, molecular imaging, and light harvesting. Plasmonic metal nanostructures offer the possibility of engineering photonic environment of specific fluorophores to enhance the FRET efficiency. However, the potential of plasmonic nanostructures to enable tailored FRET enhancement on planar substrates remains largely unrealized, which are of considerable interest for high‐performance on‐surface bioassays and photovoltaics. The main challenge lies in the necessitated concurrent control over the spectral properties of plasmonic substrates to match that of fluorophores and the fluorophore–substrate spacing. Here, a self‐assembled plasmonic substrate based on polydopamine (PDA)‐coated plasmonic nanocrystals is developed to effectively address this challenge. The PDA coating not only drives interfacial self‐assembly of the nanocrystals to form closely packed arrays with customized optical properties, but also can serve as a tailored nanoscale spacer between the fluorophores and plasmonic nanocrystals, which collectively lead to optimized fluorescence enhancement. The biocompatible plasmonic substrate that allows convenient bioconjugation imparted by PDA has afforded improved FRET efficiency in DNA microarray assay and FRET imaging of live cells. It is envisioned that the self‐assembled plasmonic substrates can be readily integrated into fluorescence‐based platforms for diverse biomedical and photoconversion applications.
Self‐Assembly of Completely Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals with Improved Stability by Anchoring on Kaolinite Lamellae
Authors: Lv Wenzhen , Li Ling , Li Mingguang , Xu Ligang , Huang Wei , Chen Runfeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCompletely inorganic lead halide perovskite (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) are attracting increasing attention due to their outstanding luminescent properties, but their inherently poor stability is a severe impediment to further practical applications. Here, a facile two‐step synthetic procedure for preparing highly stable CsPbX3 NCs with the assistance of kaolinite lamellae (KL) is demonstrated. Systematic investigation shows that the cesium ions can be anchored tightly to the KL with the aid of strong Coulombic force interactions. These trigger the efficient growth of orthorhombic phase CsPbX3 NCs on the KL surfaces in a highly ordered manner. As a benefit of the inhibited aggregation caused by isolation and the anchoring effect of KL, the CsPbBr3‐KL composites display high luminescent efficiency (up to 73.0%) and excellent stability in air (>240 h). An efficient, stable, white light‐emitting diode device is fabricated by packaging green CsPbBr3‐KL and red CsPb(Br0.5I0.5)3‐KL composites on a blue GaN chip. These findings demonstrate the first attempt to improve the stability of CsPbX3 NCs by designing composites with materials having natural layers. This should shed important light on the preparation of high‐efficiency, stable, and color‐tunable perovskite materials for applications requiring high‐performance devices.
Complete Control of Multichannel, Angle‐Multiplexed, and Arbitrary Spatially Varying Polarization Fields
Authors: Wang Enliang , Niu Jiebin , Liang Yonghao , Li HaiLiang , Hua Yilei , Shi Lina , Xie Changqing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn recent years, much effort is dedicated to the generation of vectorial optical fields with an arbitrary spatially varying polarization distribution by means of metasurfaces. However, simultaneous and independent control of the amplitude, phase, and polarization is still challenging, especially for the multichannel generation of a vectorial optical field with an angle‐multiplexed functionality. Here, a facile route, called coherent pixel polarization metaholography, is proposed to realize multichannel, angle‐multiplexed, and arbitrary spatially varying polarization fields and demonstrate how to enable a fully independent realization of full Poincaré beams (lemon, start, spider, and web beams), dual‐way switching print images, vectorial print images, and optical polarization knot profiles. Importantly, the demonstrated angle‐multiplexed metasurfaces have an independently controllable handedness and azimuth and can possess up to four channels. Such angle‐multiplexed multichannel arbitrary spatial polarization fields may enable various applications, including optical dynamic displays, information communication, optical encryption, and quantum experiments.
Synthesis of N‐Carbonyl Acridanes as Highly Potent Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization via One‐Pot Copper‐Catalyzed Dual Arylation of Nitriles with Cyclic Diphenyl Iodoniums
Authors: Peng Xiaopeng , Li Ling , Ren Yichang , Xue Huanxin , Liu Jin , Wen Shijun , Chen Jianjun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA novel Copper‐catalyzed cascade reaction between six‐membered cyclic diaryliodonium salts and nitriles is reported for the facile access to a variety of N‐carbonyl acridanes in good to excellent yields (up to 82%). The reaction is efficient and atom‐economical with a broad substrate scope (e. g. both aryl / alkyl nitriles and substituted / unsubstituted cyclic diaryliodonium salts compatible in the system). This method is particularly useful for the synthesis of substituted N‐carbonyl acridanes which are present in many pharmaceutically important compounds, but are not easy to obtain in conventional approaches. Furthermore, one of the newly synthesized acridanes displayed high antiproliferative activity against MB‐468 cancer cells (IC50=26 nM, comparable to paclitaxel and colchicine) by inhibiting tubulin polymerization. Together, these findings might grant a rapid access to a novel molecular scaffold with potential anticancer utilities.magnified image
Does gypsum increase crop grain yield on no‐tilled acid soils? A meta‐analysis
Authors: De Castro Pias Osmar H. , Tiecher Tales , Cherubin Maurício R. , Silva Aijânio G. B. , Bayer Cimélio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImproving the chemical conditions for plant growth in the subsoil is especially difficult in no‐till (NT) soil because of the low solubility of limestone. In this situation, gypsum may be recommended due to its ability to mobilize exchangeable Ca2+ and other basic cations associated with SO42− anions mainly in the soil profile, thereby alleviating Al toxicity. However, the response of crops to gypsum is contradictory and ranges from a substantial increase to a slight decrease in grain yield. In this work, a meta‐analysis comprising 129 harvests of six different grain crops (930 observation pairs in all) was conducted to identify the conditions under which grain yield responds to gypsum and to establish criteria for optimal management of gypsum as an amendment for NT soils. Based on the results, cereals (maize [Zea mays L.], wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], white oat [Avena sativa L.], barley [Hordeum vulgare L.], and rice [Oryza sativa L.]) have a high probability (77–97%) of their grain yield being increased by gypsum application to soils, with Al saturation exceeding 5% in the 0.20‐ to 0.40‐m layer. The average increase in grain yield was 14 and 7% in crops growing in the presence and absence of water deficiency, respectively. A positive response of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to gypsum was observed in water‐deficient soils with Al saturation exceeding 10%. Under these conditions, the probability of a positive response of soybean was 88%, and the average yield increase was 12%. Therefore, gypsum application decreases Al toxicity to plants and increases crop grain yields as a result in NT soils with high Al saturation.
Time‐based remote sensing yield estimates of cotton in water‐limiting environments
Authors: Thompson Corey N. , Mills Cory , Pabuayon Irish Lorraine B. , Ritchie Glen L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe use of high‐throughput phenotyping aids breeding programs in making more informed selections and advancements. This study's objectives were to determine which proximal remote sensing parameters (normalized difference red edge [NDRE], normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI], difference between canopy and air temperatures [∆T], and plant height) are robust estimators of cotton lint yield and to use a time‐integrated function of one parameter as a single phenotypic measurement for predicting yield. This study evaluated remote sensing parameters (NDRE, NDVI, ∆T, and plant height) measured weekly from squaring through boll production and development. Of these measurements, NDRE was most consistent in terms of r2, slope, and normality in predicting yield. From these findings, a temporal analysis was calculated as NDRE integrated over the season, namely NDRE‐days. Significant r2 values were detected for the individual remote sensing measurements, with the largest r2 occurring around peak bloom (80 d after planting). An r2 of 0.81 was identified between ∆T and lint yield in 2015, whereas in 2017 the largest r2 value with lint yield was with NDRE (r2 = .71). The temporal analysis showed a significant relationship between NDRE‐days and lint yield (P < .0001; r2 = .58 in 2015 and r2 = .68 in 2017) that was not cultivar specific. This study presents a suitable method that breeders could use to efficiently evaluate plant growth and estimate yield for variety selections while cutting resource requirements.
Soil disturbance under small harvester traffic in paddy‐based smallholder farms in China
Authors: Huo Lian Fei , Liang Lei , Abbas Adnan , White David , Ding Qi Shuo , Wang Xiao Chan , He Rui Yin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMachine‐induced soil disturbance may negatively impact the sustainability of a smallholder farming system. On‐farm studies at 143 fields were conducted over three crop seasons with the goal of quantifying the effect of soil disturbance on rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddy productivity induced by small harvesters (i.e., power <75 kW, weight < 3.5 Mg, and working width <2200 mm). A field survey toolbox containing fine‐layered cone penetration test, soil micro‐relief measurement, soil physics test (water content, bulk density, and porosity), documentation of field attributes, harvesters’ technical specifications, cropping systems, and farmers’ practices was used for field observation. Results showed that harvester traffic increased soil bulk density and decreased soil porosity. However, harvester‐induced soil changes in statistics were not detected. In addition, trafficked lanes had great soil strength (P = .05) than non‐trafficked lanes, and equipment induced compaction was limited to the surface 150 mm. Therefore, small harvesters minimized subsurface soil damage. However, regardless of the model and specification, all harvesters caused ruts. Small field sizes, irregular field shapes, inconsistent field management practices, lacking soil protection awareness, excessive soil water content during rice harvesting and random field traffic were identified as major factors aggravating soil disturbance. Above these, several well‐established approaches to alleviate machine‐induced soil damage were also observed during the field survey, including pre‐harvesting drainage, floating chassis, ultra‐narrow wheels, and puddling.
Resource availability alters fitness trade‐offs: implications for evolution in stressful environments
Authors: MacTavish Rachel , Anderson Jill T. 
Published: January 2020

PremiseIndustrialization and human activities have elevated temperatures and caused novel precipitation patterns, altering soil moisture and nutrient availability. Predicting evolutionary responses to climate change requires information on the agents of selection that drive local adaptation and influence resource acquisition and allocation. Here, we examined the contribution of nutrient and drought stress to local adaptation, and we tested whether trade‐offs across fitness components constrain or facilitate adaptation under resource stress.MethodsWe exposed 35 families of Boechera stricta (Brassicaceae) to three levels of water and two levels of nutrient supply in a factorial design in the greenhouse. We sourced maternal families from a broad elevational gradient (2499–3530 m a.s.l.), representing disparate soil moisture and nutrient availability.ResultsConcordant with local adaptation, maternal families from arid, low‐elevation populations had enhanced fecundity under severe drought over those from more mesic, high‐elevation sites. Furthermore, fitness trade‐offs between growth and reproductive success depended on the environmental context. Under high, but not low, nutrient levels, we found a negative phenotypic relationship between the probability of reproduction and growth rate. Similarly, a negative phenotypic association only emerged between fecundity and growth under severe drought stress, not the benign water treatment levels, indicating that stressful resource environments alter the direction of trait correlations. Genetic covariances were broadly concordant with these phenotypic patterns.ConclusionsDespite high heritabilities in all fitness components across treatments, trade‐offs between growth and reproduction could constrain adaptation to increasing drought stress and novel nutrient levels.
Ectopic maxillary third molar in Early PleistoceneHomo antecessorfrom Atapuerca‐Gran Dolina site (Burgos, Spain)
Authors: Martín‐Francés Laura , Martinón‐Torres María , Martínez de Pinillos Marina , Bayle Priscilla , Fernández‐Colón Pilar , García‐Campos Cecilia , Modesto‐Mata Mario , Carbonell Eudald , Arsuaga Juan Luis , Bermúdez de Castro José María 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesHere we describe the case of an ectopic maxillary third molar (M3), preventing the eruption of the M2, in the individual H3 of the hominin hypodigm of level TD6.2 of the Early Pleistocene site of Gran Dolina (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain).Materials and MethodsThe fossil remains from the TD6.2 level of the Gran Dolina site (about 170 specimens) are assigned toHomo antecessor. Different geochronological methods place these hominins in the oxygen isotopic stage 21, between 0.8 and 0.85 million years ago (Ma). The immature individual H3 is represented by an almost complete midface (ATD6‐69), preserving various teeth in situ. We used high‐resolution microtomograhy (mCT) to investigate the abnormal position of the left M3, virtually reconstruct M2, and M3as well as assessing the development stage of these. Finally, we compare this case with extinct and extant populations.ResultsBased on the identified signs, we suggest that individual H3 suffered from a unilateral impaction of the M2as a result of the ectopic position of the developing M3.DiscussionWe conclude that the most likely etiology for the ectopic position of the M3is the lack of space in the maxilla. We discuss possible contributing factors, such as morphometric aspects of the maxilla and the early mineralization of the M3, to support the M2impaction. Finally, due to the early age at death of this individual we did not identify any secondary lesion associated with the M2impaction.