bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal laser procedure for vision improvement in patients with late stage dry age-related macular degeneration - a retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Stein Raymond M. , Markowitz Samuel N. , Berry II Michael J. , Berry Michael J. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: To determine the safety and efficacy of corneal photovitrification (CPV), a new corneal laser procedure, for vision improvement in patients with late stage dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design: Retrospective observational cohort study Participants: 32 eyes of 17 patients with late stage dry AMD; each eye received a single CPV corneal laser procedure and had 12 months (12m) post-treatment (Tx) follow-up. Methods: Pre- and post-Tx examinations included slit-lamp biomicroscopy, subjective manifest refraction, best corrected distance and near visual acuity (BCDVA and BCNVA), and potential visual acuity (PVA). Additional examinations including contrast sensitivity (CS), corneal topography (CT), ray tracing aberrometry (RTA) and microperimetry (MP) were obtained for a subgroup (n=12) of eyes. Main Outcome Measures: BCDVA, BCNVA, PVA, CS, CT, RTA and MP measurements Results: Safety – There were no complications or adverse events. Efficacy – Mean (± SD) BCDVA improved significantly (p < 0.004) from 20/238 (1.08 logMAR) at baseline to 20/144 (0.86 logMAR) at 12m post-Tx corresponding to 11.0 (± 13.1) letters gained. Mean contrast sensitivity improved significantly (p < 0.05) by a factor of 1.86 from baseline at 12m post-Tx. Conclusions: Subject to the limitation of a small sample size, this pilot study indicates that the CPV corneal laser procedure is safe and efficacious for vision improvement in patients with late stage dry AMD. The CPV Tx mechanism of action involves retinal irradiance distribution modifications that may stimulate patient use of functional, rather than atrophied, retinal regions.
<p><strong>A review of jumping plant lice of the genus <em>Ctenarytaina</em> (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Aphalaridae) associated with <em>Syzygium</em> (Myrtaceae)</strong></p>
Authors: BURCKHARDT DANIEL , GILIOMEE JAN H. , HAMILTON-ATTWELL VICTOR L. , QUEIROZ DALVA L. 
Published: December 2020

Twelve Ctenarytaina species with confirmed or suspected associations with Syzygium are revised. The following six new species are diagnosed, described and illustrated: Ctenarytaina baliota Burckhardt sp. nov. (from Malaysia: Sabah), C. daleae Burckhardt sp. nov. (Malaysia: Sabah), C. loebli Burckhardt sp. nov. (Malaysia: Sabah), C. melanota Burckhardt sp. nov. (South Africa), C. picea Burckhardt sp. nov. (Thailand) and C. taylori Burckhardt sp. nov. (Malaysia: Sabah). One new generic synonym is proposed (Ctenarytaina = Eurhinocola syn. nov.) as are two new combinations: Ctenarytaina aurata (Li), comb. nov. from Neophyllura, and Ctenarytaina gravelyi (Crawford), comb. nov. from Eurhinocola. A key is provided to adults and, as far as known, to the fifth instar immatures. Two African species (Ctenarytaina fomenae Tamesse and C. melanota sp. nov.) induce witches’ broom on their hosts. Confirmed host plants of Ctenarytaina species are from Syzygium (6 spp.), Eucalyptus (5 spp.) and other Myrtaceae, as well as from one genus in each of the families Onagraceae, Rutaceae and Theaceae. More than two thirds of the species with confirmed hosts are monophagous, the others are narrowly oligophagous. About one fifth of the described Ctenarytaina species have adventive populations outside their natural range. Key words: adventive, distribution, host plant, Phytoplasma, Spondyliaspidinae, Sternorrhyncha, taxonomy, witches’ broom
2  J, 10  Hz, 1047  nm Nd:YLF master oscillator power amplifier laser
with near-diffraction-limited beam quality
Authors: Makarov A. M. , Kornev A. F. , Katsev Yu. V. , Stupnikov V. K. 
Published: December 2020

We report on a joule-level, 1047 nm Nd:YLF master oscillator power
amplifier laser with near-diffraction-limited beam quality. The master
oscillator and two-stage two-pass amplifier were all-flashlamp-pumped.
The laser produced 2 J output pulses with 3 ns duration at 10 Hz pulse
repetition rate. High beam quality was achieved by using a liquid
stimulated Brillouin scattering mirror and additional
astigmatism compensation.
Semiquantitative single-photon-emission computed tomography /computed tomography study to evaluate concomitant ulnar impaction syndrome in patients presenting with triangular fibrocartilage complex tears
Authors: Lee Yohan , Oh Dongkyu , Han Jeong Hee , Gong Hyun Sik , Lee Won Woo 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionPatients presenting with tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) can have ulnar positive variance, for which the clinical relevance to concomitant ulnar impaction syndrome (UIS) may be unclear. We hypothesized that maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), a semiquantitative single-photon-emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) value, would distinguish between the traumatic TFCC tear and degenerative TFCC tear associated with the UIS. This study aimed to compare SUVmax between patients with TFCC tear only and patients with TFCC tear and UIS.MethodsA total of 26 patients presenting with TFCC tears on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) underwent semiquantitative SPECT/CT examinations. The diagnosis of concomitant UIS was made based on positive ulnar impaction tests and MRI findings. We compared the SUVmax between patients with and without concomitant UIS. We also calculated the cutoff value for the diagnosis of UIS using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsOf 26 patients, 14 had concomitant UIS, and 12 had TFCC tears only. The SUVmax was significantly higher in patients with concomitant UIS than in those without UIS (p = 0.048). With a SUVmax cutoff value of 4.09 for UIS, sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 82% were obtained.ConclusionsIn the semiquantitative SPECT/CT examinations of patients with TFCC tears, those with concomitant UIS had a higher SUVmax than those without UIS. Semiquantitative SPECT/CT can be helpful in confirming concomitant UIS in patients with TFCC tears.
Incidence of intoxication events and patient outcomes in Taiwan: A nationwide population-based observational study
Authors: Chen Chun-Kuei , Chan Yi-Ling , Su Tse-Hsuan 
Published: December 2020

Background
Intoxicated patients were frequently managed in the emergency departments (ED) with few studies at national level. The study aimed to reveal the incidence, outcomes of intoxications and trend in Taiwan.

Methods
Adults admitted to an ED due to an intoxication event between 2006 and 2013 were identified using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The rate of intoxication and severe intoxication events, mortality rate, hospital length of stay (LOS), and daily medical costs of these patients were analyzed. Changes over time were analyzed using Joinpoint models. Multivariable generalized regressions with GEE were used to assess the effect of sex, age, and presence of prior psychiatric illness.

Results
A total of 20,371 ED admissions due to intoxication events were identified during the study period, and the incidence decreased with annual percentage change of 4.7% from 2006 to 2013. The mortality rate, hospital LOS, and daily medical costs were not decreased over time. Males and geriatric patients had more severe intoxication events, greater mortality rates, and greater daily medical costs. Patients with psychiatric illnesses had higher mortality rates and a longer hospital LOS, but lower daily medical expenses.

Conclusion
From 2006 to 2013, there was a decline in the incidence of ED admission for intoxication events in Taiwan. Males, geriatric patients, and those with psychiatric illnesses had greater risks for severe intoxication and mortality.
Effect of Suction and Confining Pressure on Shear Strength and Dilatancy of Highly Compacted Silty Sand: Single-Stage versus Multistage Triaxial Testing
Authors: Rivera-Hernandez Xavier A. , Vahedifard Farshid , Ellithy Ghada S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Evaluating short- and long-term performance of engineered earthen structures and slopes requires proper understanding of the behavior of compacted and highly compacted soils. However, limited studies exist in the literature of unsaturated soil mechanics experimentally testing highly compacted soils, which often possess complex shear strength and dilatancy characteristics. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of suction and confining pressure on shear strength and dilatancy of a highly compacted silty sand through multistage and single-stage triaxial testing. Multistage triaxial testing offers a time and cost efficient approach that can reasonably represent field conditions where soils experience fluctuations in external loading conditions (e.g., flood loading/unloading). This article presents the results of consolidated drained multistage and single-stage triaxial tests on highly compacted silty sand under saturated and unsaturated conditions. Soil specimens were isotropically consolidated at a constant matric suction of 0 (saturated), 20, 50, and 95 kPa under net confining pressures of 50, 100, and 200 kPa. Unsaturated specimens consistently exhibited higher shear strength in multistage and single-stage tests compared to saturated specimens. Peak state lines for all unsaturated tests were plotted and found to be near parallel to the saturated peak state line. All tested specimens exhibited dilatancy following a small initial contraction. Although the dilatancy during shearing in multistage tests was comparable to that in the single-stage tests, the cumulative volumetric strain resulted in a net increase in the specimen volume in the case of unsaturated tests, and a net decrease in the case of saturated tests. This difference in volumetric strain behavior resulted in a lower peak shear strength of the saturated specimens tested using multistage testing compared to single stage but a higher peak shear strength in the case of the unsaturated specimens.
Trace DNA: A Review, Discussion of Theory, and Application of the Transfer of Trace Quantities of DNA Through Skin Contact
Authors: Wickenheiser RA 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Advances in STR PCR DNA profiling technology allow for the analysis of minute quantities of DNA. It is frequently possible to obtain successful DNA results from cellular material transferred from the skin of an individual who has simply touched an object. Handling objects, such as weapons or other items associated with a crime, touching surfaces, or wearing clothing, may represent sufficient contact to transfer small numbers of DNA bearing cells, or trace DNA, which can be successfully analyzed. With this minimal amount of contact required to yield a suspect profile comes tremendous crime solving potential, and a number of considerations for prudent application, and the maximization of evidentiary value. Evidentiary materials not previously considered must be recognized and preserved, and the resulting DNA type profiles interpreted in their proper forensic context.
In Vivo Facial Tissue Depth Measurements for White British Children
Authors: Wilkinson CM 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper reports the results of a study of facial tissue depth measurement in White British children of both sexes, aged between 11 and 18 years. The purpose of this research was to increase the information available upon tissue depth data for children, primarily for use in forensic facial reconstruction. Facial tissue depths were measured at 21 anatomical points using ultrasonic echo-location. The mid-philtral, upper lip border and lower lip border points showed consistently larger tissue depths in the males than the females, and the zygomatic attachment showed consistently larger tissue depths in the females than the males. The males showed a general increase in tissue depth with an increase in age at all the mid-line facial points and the cheek points. The females showed increased tissue depth with age at all the points except the infra-orbital, lateral orbital, mid-zygomatic arch and mid-mandibular points. A table of mean tissue depths was developed for males and females divided into two-yearly age groups.
Experiments in the Combustibility of the Human Body
Authors: Christensen AM 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper provides possible explanations for two previously misunderstood circumstances surrounding cases of socalled “spontaneous human combustion”—the nearly complete cremation of human bone, and the failure of such fires to spread to nearby combustibles. Two experiments were conducted. The first involved the cremation of “healthy” and “osteoporotic” human bone and observing the resulting fragmentation and color change. Osteoporotic elements consistently displayed more discoloration and a greater degree of fragmentation than healthy ones. The second experiment involved the combustion of a sample of human tissue and observation of the flame height and burning area in order to calculate the effective heat of combustion. The resulting heat was 17kJ/g indicating a fire that is unlikely to spread. These results, which are among the first obtained for human samples, lend further support and credence to previous scientific explanations for “spontaneous human combustion.”
Decomposition Chemistry of Human Remains: A New Methodology for Determining the Postmortem Interval
Authors: Vass AA , Barshick S-A , Sega G , Caton J , Skeen JT , Love JC , Synstelien JA 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study was conducted to characterize the chemistry associated with the decomposition of human remains with the objective of identifying time-dependent biomarkers of decomposition. The purpose of this work was to develop an accurate and precise method for measuring the postmortem interval (PMI) of human remains. Eighteen subjects were placed within a decay research facility throughout a four-year time period and allowed to decompose naturally. Field autopsies were performed and tissue samples were regularly collected until the tissues decomposed to the point where they were no longer recognizable (encompassing a cumulative degree hour (CDH) range of approximately 1000 (3 weeks)). Analysis of the biomarkers (amino acids, neurotransmitters, and decompositional by-products) in various organs (liver, kidney, heart, brain, muscle) revealed distinct patterns useful for determining the PMI when based on CDHs. Proper use of the methods described herein allow for PMIs so accurate that the estimate is limited by the ability to obtain correct temperature data at a crime scene rather than sample variability.
The Identification of Stolen Paintings Using Comparison of Various Marks
Authors: Shor Y , Novoselsky Y , Klein A , Lurie DJ , Levi JA , Vinokurov A , Levin N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Several oil paintings, suspected of being stolen, were found in the possession of an art dealer in Tel-Aviv, Israel. The authors were asked to determine if these paintings were the stolen ones, based on photographs, stretchers, and frames submitted by the alleged owners in France. A physical match was found between two of the questioned paintings and two stretchers. Another painting was identified as being previously affixed to the original frame by several nails. The fourth painting was identified as being the one photographed by the alleged owner. This identification was done by comparing micro-topography marks revealed by the illumination conditions of that photograph and of the questioned painting.
Review of: Forensic DNA Typing
Authors: Sensbaugh GF 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The forensic potential of DNA profiling for human identification burst upon the scene in late 1985. Since then, forensic DNA testing has gone through several phases of technological and operational advance resulting in more rapid analysis, extension of testing to ever smaller biological samples, and a de facto international standardization based on use of commercial kits. We appear now to have arrived at an operational plateau centered on the typing of short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphisms according to standardized protocols using electrophoresis instrumentation. STR markers are used worldwide for forensic identification purposes and are the core markers in virtually all national identification databases; the U.S. national DNA database system (CODIS) is based on a consensus set of 13 STR markers.
The Emotional and Psychological Impact of Mass Casualty Incidents on Forensic Odontologists
Authors: Webb DA , Sweet D , Pretty IA 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Motivated by the findings of a previous research project, 38 forensic odontologists with known occupational experience of mass casualty incidents completed a questionnaire designed to elicit both quantitative and qualitative data. The questionnaire sought to provide an insight into the psychological and emotional impact of conducting work of this nature. Two psychometric scales were included in the questionnaire, The Positive and Negative Affect scale (PANAS) and the Impact of Events Scale (IOE). In addition, a number of open-ended questions relating to the personal experiences of the respondent during the mass casualty incident were also included. Quantitative findings indicate that on the whole mass casualty incidents resulted in a positive experience for the respondents, although over a third reported being distressed, upset or irritable at some time during the event. Sense of achievement and camaraderie were among the qualitative themes elicited that help explain the positive reactions. Working conditions, politics and the victims were cited as sources of negativity.
Review of: The Robert F. Borkenstein International Symposium on Alcohol and Forensic Science—The Influence of Alcohol and Drugs on Transportation Safety
Authors: Caplan YH 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This is an important contribution to the field of forensic alcohol testing and a testament to its historical development with a focus on one of its stalwarts, Dr. Robert F. Borkenstein. The nine chapters may be classified into three sections. First, the life and work of Dr. Borkenstein (one chapter), second, a review of principles and the development of alcohol testing and programs (six chapters), and third, clinical aspects (two chapters). The appreciation of history is fundamental to the advancement of science and this publication uniquely combines science with history and allows the reader to review the current status of alcohol testing while tracing the path of such knowledge.
Review of: Forensic Engineering Investigation
Authors: Batterman S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This book appears to be a sequel, or expanded version, of Mr. Noon's previous book, Introduction to Forensic Engineering, which was previously reviewed in JFS, Vol. 40, No. 1, p. 152. The current book is divided into 23 chapters, and is arranged as follows: Chapter 1—Introduction Chapter 2—Wind Damage to Residential Structures Chapter 3—Lightning Damage to Well Pumps Chapter 4—Evaluating Blasting Damage Chapter 5—Building Collapse Due to Roof Leakage Chapter 6—Putting Machines and People Together Chapter 7—Determining the Point of Origin of a Fire Chapter 8—Electrical Shorting Chapter 9—Explosions Chapter 10—Determining the Point of Ignition of an Explosion Chapter 11—Arson and Incendiary Fires Chapter 12—Simple Skids Chapter 13—Simple Vehicular Falls Chapter 14—Vehicle Performance Chapter 15—Momentum Methods Chapter 16—Energy Methods Chapter 17—Curves and Turns Chapter 18—Visual Perception and Motorcycle Accidents Chapter 19—Interpreting Lamp Filament Damages Chapter 20—Automotive Fires Chapter 21—Hail Damage Chapter 22—Blaming Brick Freeze-Thaw Deterioration on Hail Chapter 23—Management's Role in Accidents and Catastrophic Events
Human Remains Sold to the Highest Bidder! A Snapshot of the Buying and Selling of Human Skeletal Remains on eBay®, an Internet Auction Site
Authors: Huxley AK , Finnegan M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Internet auction sites have become increasingly popular, with diverse items up for sale to the public worldwide. The purposes of this paper are to inform the forensic community that human skeletal remains, old and new, are for sale on the eBay® internet auction site, and to advise forensic scientists that eBay® does not use a forensic anthropologist to assess photographs of these materials. Over the last few years, this website was “surfed,” with numerous auctions during this period. After contacting eBay® by email, representatives responded that they adhere to Native American Grave Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) and that their website indicates that auctions must state that sale of human remains is for instructional purposes only. Based on the photographs, the remains appear to be of prehistoric and modern origin. An unfortunate consequence of such sale may generate interest in stealing remains from graves, mortuaries, hospitals, or county morgues worldwide.
Exploring the Psychological and Somatic Impact of Identity Theft
Authors: Sharp T , Shreve-Neiger A , Fremouw W , Kane J , Hutton S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Identity theft is a new and growing form of white-collar crime. This exploratory study examined the psychological and somatic impact of identity theft and coping methods utilized by victims. Thirty-seven victims of identity theft participated in regional victim focus groups. Participants completed a victim impact questionnaire designed by the authors and the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18). The majority of participants expressed an increase in maladaptive psychological and somatic symptoms post victimization. Results on the BSI indicated that identity theft victims with unresolved cases, in contrast to those with resolved cases, were more likely to have clinically elevated scores when compared with a normative sample. Relatively similar coping mechanisms were utilized across victims. The results from this study suggest that victims of identity theft do have increased psychological and physical distress, and for those whose cases remain unresolved, distress is maintained over time.
Hippocampus Guides Adaptive Learning during Dynamic Social Interactions
Authors: FeldmanHall Oriel , Montez David F. , Phelps Elizabeth A. , Davachi Lila , Murty Vishnu P. 
Published: December 2020

How do we evaluate whether someone will make a good friend or collaborative peer? A hallmark of human cognition is the ability to make adaptive decisions based on information garnered from limited prior experiences. Using an interactive social task measuring adaptive choice (deciding who to reengage or avoid) in male and female participants, we find the hippocampus supports value-based social choices following single-shot learning. These adaptive choices elicited a suppression signal in the hippocampus, revealing sensitivity for the subjective perception of a person and how well they treat you during choice. The extent to which the hippocampus was suppressed was associated with flexibly interacting with prior generous individuals and avoiding selfish individuals. Further, we found that hippocampal signals during decision-making were related to subsequent memory for a person and the offer they made before. Consistent with the hippocampus leveraging previously executed choices to solidify a reliable neural signature for future adaptive behavior, we also observed a later hippocampal enhancement. These findings highlight the hippocampus playing a multifaceted role in socially adaptive learning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAdaptively navigating social interactions requires an integration of prior experiences with information gleaned from the current environment. While most research has focused on striatal-based feedback learning, open questions remain regarding the role of hippocampal-based episodic memory systems. Here, we show that during social decisions based on prior experience, hippocampal suppression signals were sensitive to adaptive choice, while hippocampal enhancements was related to subsequent memory for the original social interaction. These findings highlight the hippocampus playing a multifaceted role in socially adaptive learning.