bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic and predictive potential of lncRNA CASC2 targeting miR-155 in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with nephritis complication
Authors: Mohamed Nada R. , El-Fattah Abeer l. Abd , Shaker Olfat , Sayed Ghadir A 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLupus nephritis (LN) is a serious problem that results from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complications. Recent studies have highlighted that non-coding RNA (ncRNA) dysregulation is a notable feature in patients with SLE. As a result, this research was designed to investigate lncRNA CASC2 and miR-155 levels as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers in SLE patients, including those with and without nephritis, and to investigate their effectiveness in assessing disease severity and predicting LN. Our study included 60 patients with SLE who were subclassified into (30 non-LN and 30 LN groups), along with 30 control subjects. Quantification of lncRNA CASC2 and miR-155 in serum samples from the Egyptian population was carried out with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The disease activity index (SLEDAI) for SLE was evaluated, and the analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was implemented. Increased levels of lncRNA CASC2 were observed in SLE patients compared to healthy controls, with even higher levels observed in the LN group versus the non-LN patients’ group. Conversely, miR-155 was noted to be down-regulated in SLE patients relative to controls, and its levels were lower in the LN group relative to the non-LN patients’ group. The elevated expression of lncRNA CASC2 and reduced expression of miR-155 were both correlated to the severity of the disease. The current study illustrated that both lncRNA CASC2 and miR-155 could act as valuable non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for SLE and predicting LN among SLE patients, as well as their abilities to detect the disease severity and progression.
Rhodium-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of in situ generated nitrile ylides with alkenes: a route to quaternary 2-trifluoromethyl-1-pyrrolines
Authors: He Caicai , Li Linxuan , Li Shuang , Chen Hongzhu , Zhang Hongru , Wu Yong , Zhang Xiaolong , Sivaguru Paramasivam , Karunanidhi Murali , Bi Xihe 
Published: December 2024

A rhodium-catalyzed three-component reaction of trifluoromethyl N-triftosylhydrazones, alkenes, and nitriles is reported, which provides diverse α-trifluoromethyl-1-pyrrolines bearing a quaternary carbon center via in situ generated nitrile ylides.
A study on identifying representative trips for mobility service design
Authors: Kim Jeongyun , Tak Sehyun , Yoon Jinwon , Yeo Hwasoo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecently, with growing interest in urban mobility patterns, the demand for collecting and analysing origin‐destination (OD) data is increasing. Due to the large scale and dimensionality of OD data, there are two issues in analysing the data: big‐data storage and major pattern extraction. To deal with two issues at the same time, this study suggests a principal control analysis‐based major demand identification method to improve the usability of microscopic OD data. Especially, this study focuses on finding principal components that preserve major patterns from OD data with small random noise so that the data can be effectively used for mobility service design. The proposed method is applied to smart card data of Seoul and Sejong and extracted major demand patterns from peak‐ and non‐peak hour data of these cities. The degree of daily regularity, reconstruction accuracy, and compression rate of the reconstructed data is analysed varying sets of principal components. The obtained results show that the major demands contain a low volume and a large volume of demand and with lower‐order principal components, major demands can be efficiently extracted by removing randomly appearing small‐volume demand. In addition, the trade‐off behaviour is observed between the degree of daily regularity and reconstruction accuracy depending on the compression rate. Based on the observations, it can be found that the loss of major demand patterns could be prevented when targeting a reconstruction accuracy of 90–95% and the proposed method can reduce the data size while preserving major mobility patterns.
Relay‐assisted D2D communication over novel multicluster two‐wave and multi‐cluster fluctuating two‐ray channels
Authors: Mehdi Haider , Hussain Zakir , Rabbani Muhammad Junaid , Atif Saleem Syed Muhammad , Ahmed Syed Areeb 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA decode and forward relay assisted device‐to‐device (D2D) communications over a novel multicluster two‐wave (MTW) fading is analysed with Terahertz (THz) channel conditions. Co‐channel interference (CCI) over a recently proposed multi‐cluster fluctuating two‐ray (MFTR) fading is also present at relay and receiver. Maximal ratio combining (MRC) and power harvesting based on power splitting are present at relay and receiver. A characteristic function based approach is used here to derive success probability, outage probability and capacity with outage expressions. The expressions depend on THz channel parameters, distances between various nodes in D2D system, power harvesting parameter and fading channel conditions. The system is numerically analysed under various D2D network conditions.
Continuous‐wave and cavity‐dumped 1064 nm Nd:YVO4 laser based on the magneto‐optical effect
Authors: Zhong Jia‐Rui , Zhang Ting 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper, continuous‐wave and cavity‐dumped Nd:YVO4 lasers are studied. Firstly, through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the output characteristics of a continuous‐wave laser based on the magneto‐optical effect are analysed using the rate equation. The continuous adjustment of output power and pump threshold power is realised using the magneto‐optical effect to rotate the polarisation direction of laser. The theoretical simulation results show that the output power of the laser could be effectively controlled under different magnetic field intensities. On this basis, the authors explore the cavity‐dumped laser system based on the magneto‐optical effect. By adjusting the intensity of the magnetic field and rising edge time, the pulse width and waveform could be flexibly adjusted. The relationship between the magnetic field intensity in the low Q period and the spot radius of the pump and the signal beam and the output energy and the output pulse waveform is analysed. These research results lay a foundation for further optimising the design and application of magneto‐optical effect lasers.
Concept and theoretical performance analysis for decentralised digital synchronisation in distributed radar sensor networks
Authors: Kenney Russell H. , Metcalf Justin G. , McDaniel Jay W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a decentralised technique for achieving frequency, time, and phase synchronisation of platforms cooperating in a distributed radar sensor network. The proposed method is advantageous for existing digital radar systems as it can be implemented entirely in the software without the use of additional RF hardware required by other techniques. The synchronisation signal model for signals transmitted and received in various clock domains is presented and an estimation model is subsequently derived for estimating and correcting the clock drifts. A modified version of a previously developed phase and clock bias correction procedure is outlined for correcting time and phase after frequency synchronisation. A comprehensive theoretical performance analysis of the technique is performed in which the expected maximum achievable performance is derived in terms of the Cramér–Rao lower bound for frequency, time, and phase measurements. Multiple Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed technique approaches this performance limit. Finally, a simulated distributed transmit beamforming scenario is provided to show the application of the proposed technique in a practical system architecture. The results of this show that as the signal‐to‐noise ratio approaches moderate levels, the proposed synchronisation technique enables the beamforming network to achieve nearly optimal coherent energy gain at the beamforming destination.
Gradient descent based dynamic optimization for VSG dominated microgrid
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Decheng , Zhang Qun , Du Jian , Wang Qinshan , Wang Qiong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs the integration of distributed generation units into the power grid continues to grow, the system becomes increasingly vulnerable to power fluctuations and potential failures, which significantly challenge grid stability. Virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) have emerged as a key technology to enhance grid stability by emulating the behavior of traditional synchronous generators. However, with multiple VSGs operating within independent microgrids, coordinating their control parameters becomes critical to ensuring stable and reliable operation. This article proposes an optimization method based on the gradient descent algorithm to fine‐tune the control parameters of multiple VSGs in independent microgrids. A small‐signal model for microgrids with multiple VSGs is developed to analyze the system's dynamic behavior under small disturbances. The proposed method optimizes VSG control parameters to improve the frequency and voltage dynamic response and enhance the overall system stability. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed multi‐VSG control parameter optimization method significantly enhances the frequency and voltage dynamic response, as well as the stability of the independent microgrid under small disturbances, offering a practical solution for improving microgrid performance in real‐world applications.
The transition from slow to fast wind as observed in composition observations
Authors: Alterman B. L. , Rivera Y. J. , Lepri S. T. , Raines J. M. 
Published: December 2024

Context. The solar wind is typically categorized as fast and slow based on the measured speed (vsw). The separation between these two regimes is often set between 400 and 600 km s−1 without a rigorous definition. Observations with vsw above this threshold are considered “fast” and are typically considered to come from polar regions, that is, coronal holes. Observations with vsw below this threshold speed are considered “slow” wind and typically considered to originate outside of coronal holes. Observations of the solar wind’s kinetic signatures, chemical makeup, charge state properties, and Alfvénicity suggest that such a two-state model may be insufficiently nuanced to capture the relationship between the solar wind and its solar sources. As heavy ion composition ratios are unchanged once the solar wind leaves the Sun, they serve as a key tool for connecting in situ observations to their solar sources. Helium (He) is the most abundant solar wind ion heavier than hydrogen (H). Long-duration observations from the Wind Solar Wind Experiment (SWE) Faraday cups show that the solar wind helium abundance has two distinct gradients at speeds above and below ∼400 km s−1. This is a key motivator for identifying the separation between fast and slow wind at such a speed.
Aims. We test this two-state fast–slow solar wind paradigm with heavy ion abundances (X/H) and characterize how the transition between fast and slow wind states impacts heavy ion in the solar wind.
Methods. We study the variation in the gradients of the helium and heavy ion abundances as a function of the solar wind speed and characterize how the gradient of each abundance changes in fast and slow wind. We calculate vsw as the proton or hydrogen bulk speed. The work uses Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) heavy ion observations collected by the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer (SWICS) from 1998 to 2011. We compare the helium abundance observed by ACE/SWICS to the helium abundance observed by Wind/SWE to show that the results are consistent with prior work.
Results. We show that (1) the speed at which heavy ion abundances indicate a change between fast and slow solar wind as a function of speed is slower than the speed indicated by the helium abundance; (2) this speed is independent of heavy ion mass and charge state; (3) the abundance at which heavy ions indicate the transition between fast and slow wind is consistent with prior observations of fast wind abundances; (4) and there may be a mass or charge-state dependent fractionation process present in fast wind heavy ion abundances.
Conclusions. We infer that (1) identifying slow solar wind as having a speed of vsw ≲ 400 km s−1 may mix solar wind from polar and equatorial sources; (2) He may be impacted by the acceleration necessary for the solar wind to reach the asymptotic fast, non-transient values observed at 1 AU; and (3) heavy ions are fractionated in the fast wind by a yet-to-be-determined mechanism.
A BCool survey of stellar magnetic cycles
Authors: Bellotti S. , Petit P. , Jeffers S. V. , Marsden S. C. , Morin J. , Vidotto A. A. , Folsom C. P. , See V. , do Nascimento J.-D. 
Published: December 2024

Context. The magnetic cycle on the Sun consists of two consecutive 11-yr sunspot cycles and exhibits a polarity reversal around sunspot maximum. Although solar dynamo theories have progressively become more sophisticated, the details as to how the dynamo sustains magnetic fields are still the subject of research. Observing the magnetic fields of Sun-like stars can bring useful insights to contextualise the solar dynamo.
Aims. With the long-term spectropolarimetric monitoring of stars, the BCool survey studies the evolution of surface magnetic fields to understand how dynamo-generated processes are influenced by key ingredients, such as mass and rotation. Here, we focus on six Sun-like stars with masses between 1.02 and 1.06 M⊙ and with rotation periods of 3.5–21 d (or 0.3–1.8 in Rossby numbers), a practical sample with which to study magnetic cycles across distinct activity levels.
Methods. We analysed high-resolution spectropolarimetric data collected with ESPaDOnS, Narval, and Neo-Narval between 2007 and 2024 within the BCool programme. We measured longitudinal magnetic field from least-squares deconvolution line profiles and we inspected its long-term behaviour with both a Lomb-Scargle periodogram and a Gaussian process. We then applied Zeeman-Doppler imaging to reconstruct the large-scale magnetic field geometry at the stellar surface for different epochs.
Results. Two of our slow rotators, namely HD 9986 and HD 56124 (Prot ∼ 20 d), exhibit repeating polarity reversals in the radial or toroidal field component on shorter timescales than the Sun (5–6 yr). HD 73350 (Prot ∼ 12 d) has one polarity reversal in the toroidal component and HD 76151 (Prot = 17 d) may have short-term evolution (2.5 yr) modulated by the long-term (16 yr) chromospheric cycle. Our two fast rotators, HD 166435 and HD 175726 (Prot = 3 − 5 d), manifest complex magnetic fields without an evident cyclic evolution.
Conclusions. Our findings indicate the potential dependence of the magnetic cycles’ nature on the stellar rotation period. For the two stars with likely cycles, the polarity reversal timescale seems to decrease with a decreasing rotation period or Rossby number. These results represent important observational constraints for dynamo models of solar-like stars.
2.9 Fluorination Enabled by Photoredox Reactions
Authors: Koike T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In recent years, photoredox catalysis has become a useful strategy in the field of synthetic chemistry because generation of reactive radicals, ionic species, and organometallics under mild reaction conditions can be realized. This review mainly discusses fluorination reactions of carbon skeletons using photoredox catalysis. In addition, seminal works on photochemical hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) and photocatalyst-free photoinduced electron-transfer systems are also handled. These systems can be applied to fluorination reactions of C—H bonds, C—C bonds, C=C bonds, and appropriate functional groups.
A small-scale spatial heterogeneity in photochemical reflectance index and intensity of reflected light at 530 nm in pea (Pisum sativum) leaves is sensitive to action of salinization
Authors: Kior Anastasiia , Yudina Lyubov , Zolin Yuriy , Popova Alyona , Sukhova Ekaterina , Sukhov Vladimir 
Published: December 2024

Remote sensing of stressor action on plants is an important step of their protection. Measurement of photochemical reflectance index (PRI) can be used to detect action of stressors including salinization; potentially, a small-scale spatial heterogeneity of PRI (within leaf or its part) can be an indicator of this action. The current work was devoted to analysis of sensitivity of the small-scale heterogeneity in PRI and in the reflected light intensity at 530 nm (approximately corresponding to the measuring wavelength for PRI) in leaves of pea (Pisum sativum) plants to action of salinization. Plants were cultivated under controlled conditions of a vegetation room and under open-air conditions. It was shown that both the standard deviation of PRI and coefficient of variation of the reflected light intensity at 530 nm were sensitive to action of salinization on plants. Moreover, this variation coefficient was negatively corelated to the potential quantum yield of PSII; i.e. increasing the coefficient could be used to estimate decreasing this yield caused by photodamage of PSII under salinization. Our results show that the small-scale spatial heterogeneity in PRI and the reflected light intensity at 530 nm can be used as additional tools of the remote sensing of plant responses under action of salinization.
What transcends “translation universals” across time?
Authors: Pang Shuangzi , Wang Kefei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Translation universals have been a central focus in corpus-based translation studies (CBTS), providing key
insights into translated texts. However, their diachronic aspects remain underexplored despite extensive study. This study
addresses this gap using Biber’s (1988) linguistic feature indicators. It primarily
investigates the diachronic evolution of register features in translated Chinese texts across four sampling periods, aiming to
identify potential translation-specific features that may emerge over time. The study utilizes the CDCMC, a diachronic composite
corpus comprising twenty million words sampled over four periods and spanning five genres. The research findings are as follows: (1) from a diachronic perspective, our analysis reveals a notable
tendency towards “leveling out” in text variety among translated Chinese texts, with changes being comparatively smaller than
those observed in original Chinese texts; (2) diachronic analysis revealed significant differences in four-dimensional features
between translated and original Chinese texts, highlighting that translated texts are more informative, logically and semantically
explicit, and demonstrate stronger argumentative and persuasive qualities than original Chinese texts; (3) multivariate regression
analysis indicates stable linguistic traits over time with significant stage-wise variations, supporting translation as
“constrained language” while also suggesting translated Chinese texts possess a degree of “activeness” compared to originals.
Current state of knowledge on cultural practices and sanitary threats of the horse in Algerian society
Authors: Khaled Hamza , Besbaci Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Algeria is a typical country of great and ancestral equestrian tradition where horses are a varied asset in terms of animal genetic resources, offering an important diversity of breeds in terms of their adaptation and their capacity for production in their natural environment. This literature review aims to illustrate the role played by the horse in Algerian culture and traditions from the past to the present and, to present main diseases studied throughout the country. The equine industry occupies a prominent place in the history and economy of North Africa, especially in Algeria, horse has a major role in sustainable development, particularly in the environmental field, by playing a particular role in the management of spaces and landscapes beneficial to the maintenance and development of biodiversity, but also in its relationship with humans. Especially in the Center and West of the country, horses are the main actors of "Fantasia", which ensures the continuity of an authentic military equestrian tradition, it is a simulation of traditional military action. According to the prevalence rates, the main diseases threatening horses’ health are Equine Influenza, West Nile Virus, Equine Viral Arteritis, Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis, Lyme disease, Toxoplasmosis, Microsporidiosis and Pinworms. However, low rates were observed for Rhinopneumonitis, Brucellosis, Surra and Cryptosporidiosis. Actually, horses deserve more attention from public authorities and civil society, to preserve this animal considered as a part of the national and humanitarian heritage.
Is p-Type Doping in TeO2 Feasible?
Authors: Xiao 肖 Zewen 泽文 , Qiu 邱 Chen 晨 , Wei 魏 Su-Huai 苏淮 , Hosono 细 Hideo 野秀雄 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Wide-bandgap two-dimensional (2D) β-TeO2 has been reported as a high-mobility p-type transparent semiconductor [
Nat. Electron.
4 277 (2021)], attracting significant attention. This “breakthrough” not only challenges the conventional characterization of TeO2 as an insulator but also conflicts with the anticipated difficulty in hole doping of TeO2 by established chemical trends. Notably, the reported Fermi level of 0.9 eV above the valence band maximum actually suggests that the material is an insulator, contradicting the high hole density obtained by Hall effect measurement. Furthermore, the detected residual Se and the possible reduced elemental Te in the 2D β-TeO2 samples introduces complexity, considering that elemental Se, Te, and Te1−x
Se
x
themselves are high-mobility p-type semiconductors. Therefore, doubts regarding the true cause of the p-type conductivity observed in the 2D β-TeO2 samples arise. In this Letter, we employ density functional theory calculations to illustrate that TeO2, whether in its bulk forms of α-, β-, or γ-TeO2, or in the 2D β-TeO2 nanosheets, inherently exhibits insulating properties and poses challenges in carrier doping due to its shallow conduction band minimum and deep valence band maximum. Our findings shed light on the insulating properties and doping difficulty of TeO2, contrasting with the claimed p-type conductivity in the 2D β-TeO2 samples, prompting inquiries into the true origin of the p-type conductivity.
Analyzing MEMS resonator static pull-in and dynamics under electric excitation via position feedback controller
Authors: Abdelraouf M E , Kandil A , Zahra W K , Elsaid A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) have efficacious and widespread use in several applications such as signal filtering, time referencing, sensing, and more. This paper’s aim is to study the effect of a position feedback controller on a clamped-clamped MEMS resonator. The resonator’s dynamics are modeled and studied to establish both the mode shape function and temporal function. Then, the method of multiple scales (MMS) is applied to generate analytical formulas for the resonator response, capturing nonlinearities and stability regions across various voltage levels. Several response plots are shown to clarify the controller’s impact on the dynamical behavior of the resonator. The general behavior of the analyzed model is verified numerically using the fourth order Rung-Kutta technique. Incorporating the position feedback controller delayed static pull-in by increasing the DC pull-in voltage threshold. In addition, the analysis of the frequency and voltage response curves of different feedback settings indicates small vibration changes and reveals that the nonlinear behavior of the resonator changes from softening to hardening with the increase of the gap distance.