bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Karyotypes of water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae): new data and review of published records
Authors: Angus Robert B , Sadílek David , Shaarawi Fatma , Dollimore Hayley , Liu Hsing-Che , Seidel Matthias , Sýkora Vít , Fikáček Martin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study summarizes available data on karyotypes of water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea: Hydrophilidae), based on newly acquired data of 23 genera and 64 species. We combine these data with previously published data, which we review. In total, karyotypes are available for 33 genera and 95 species, covering all subfamilies and tribes. Available data indicate that most groups of the Hydrophilidae are diploid and sexually reproducing, with XY (♂) and XX (♀) sex chromosomes; the Y chromosome is always minute and does not recombine with X during meiosis. Exceptions are known in Anacaena, with parthenogenetic diploid or triploid populations in some species and sex chromosomes fused with autosomes in others. The diploid number of chromosomes is 2n = 18 in the subfamilies Acidocerinae, Chaetarthriinae, Enochrinae and Hydrophilinae. Variations are known in species of Anacaena and Berosus (both usually with 2n = 18) and in Hydrochara and Hydrophilus with an increased number of chromosomes (2n = 30). The number of chromosomes is increased in the subfamily Cylominae (2n = 24–30) and in all subclades of the subfamily Sphaeridiinae (2n = 22–32). We summarize protocols for obtaining chromosome slides used for this study and provide step-by-step guidelines to facilitate future cytogenetic studies.
What is the Molecular Basis of Nonhost Resistance?
Authors: Panstruga Ralph , Moscou Matthew J. 
Published: August 2020

This article is part of the Top 10 Unanswered Questions in MPMI invited review series.Nonhost resistance is typically considered the ability of a plant species to repel all attempts of a pathogen species to colonize it and reproduce on it. Based on this common definition, nonhost resistance is presumed to be very durable and, thus, of great interest for its potential use in agriculture. Despite considerable research efforts, the molecular basis of this type of plant immunity remains nebulous. We here stress the fact that “nonhost resistance” is a phenomenological rather than a mechanistic concept that comprises more facets than typically considered. We further argue that nonhost resistance essentially relies on the very same genes and pathways as other types of plant immunity, of which some may act as bottlenecks for particular pathogens on a given plant species or under certain conditions. Thus, in our view, the frequently used term “nonhost genes” is misleading and should be avoided. Depending on the plant–pathogen combination, nonhost resistance may involve the recognition of pathogen effectors by host immune sensor proteins, which might give rise to host shifts or host range expansions due to evolutionary-conditioned gains and losses in respective armories. Thus, the extent of nonhost resistance also defines pathogen host ranges. In some instances, immune-related genes can be transferred across plant species to boost defense, resulting in augmented disease resistance. We discuss future routes for deepening our understanding of nonhost resistance and argue that the confusing term “nonhost resistance” should be used more cautiously in the light of a holistic view of plant immunity.
From Africa to the USA: A Combined Strategy for Nursing Education
Authors: Weierbach Florence M. , Halford Sandy K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Engaging students in class when first-hand experience is not available is challenging. Three teaching strategies, flipped classroom, a guest speaker, and technology, engaged students during a global health class. Students were given a graded preclass assignment, which was used to guide the class session when an expert physician from Zambia joined us using technology. On the day of class, students were engaged and asked questions of the physician related to global health and culture. Combining the three strategies was an innovative and effective way to engage students, with many sharing with faculty that this was their favorite class day.
Diagnostic capacity of skin tumor artificial intelligence-assisted decision-making software in real-world clinical settings
Authors: Li Cheng-Xu , Fei Wen-Min , Shen Chang-Bing , Wang Zi-Yi , Jing Yan , Meng Ru-Song , Cui Yong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Youzhi artificial intelligence (AI) software is the AI-assisted decision-making system for diagnosing skin tumors. The high diagnostic accuracy of Youzhi AI software was previously validated in specific datasets. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of diagnostic capacity between Youzhi AI software and dermatologists in real-world clinical settings.

Methods
A total of 106 patients who underwent skin tumor resection in the Dermatology Department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from July 2017 to June 2019 and were confirmed as skin tumors by pathological biopsy were selected. Dermoscopy and clinical images of 106 patients were diagnosed by Youzhi AI software and dermatologists at different dermoscopy diagnostic levels. The primary outcome was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Youzhi AI software with that of dermatologists and that measured in the laboratory using specific data sets. The secondary results included the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, F-measure, and Matthews correlation coefficient of Youzhi AI software in the real-world.

Results
The diagnostic accuracy of Youzhi AI software in real-world clinical settings was lower than that of the laboratory data (P < 0.001). The output result of Youzhi AI software has good stability after several tests. Youzhi AI software diagnosed benign and malignant diseases by recognizing dermoscopic images and diagnosed disease types with higher diagnostic accuracy than by recognizing clinical images (P = 0.008, P = 0.016, respectively). Compared with dermatologists, Youzhi AI software was more accurate in the diagnosis of skin tumor types through the recognition of dermoscopic images (P = 0.01). By evaluating the diagnostic performance of dermatologists under different modes, the diagnostic accuracy of dermatologists in diagnosing disease types by matching dermoscopic and clinical images was significantly higher than that by identifying dermoscopic and clinical images in random sequence (P = 0.022). The diagnostic accuracy of dermatologists in the diagnosis of benign and malignant diseases by recognizing dermoscopic images was significantly higher than that by recognizing clinical images (P = 0.010).

Conclusion
The diagnostic accuracy of Youzhi AI software for skin tumors in real-world clinical settings was not as high as that of using special data sets in the laboratory. However, there was no significant difference between the diagnostic capacity of Youzhi AI software and the average diagnostic capacity of dermatologists. It can provide assistant diagnostic decisions for dermatologists in the current state.
Factors associated with the incidence of ectopic pregnancy in women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment
Authors: Jin Xiao-Ying , Li Chao , Xu Wen , Liu Liu , Wei Min-Ling , Fei Hai-Yi , Li Jing , Zhou Feng , Zhang Song-Ying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a common complication in women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment, but the underlying causes for this remain unclear. This study aimed to explore factors affecting the incidence of EP in in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Methods
This was a retrospective study on the incidence of EP in IVF/ICSI cycles between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017. Patient age, infertility diagnosis (tubal factor or not), primary or secondary infertility, type of cycle (frozen-thawed or fresh), type of embryo(s) transferred (cleavage embryo or blastocyst), number of embryos transferred (one, two, or three), previous history of EP, and endometrial combined thickness were analyzed to explore their relationships with the incidence of EP. Based on clinical typing results, the patients were divided into an EP group or a non-EP group. Categorical variables were analyzed using Chi-squared test or Fisher exact test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore their associations with the incidence of EP.

Results
The percentage of patients with primary infertility in EP group was significantly lower than that in non-EP group (31.3% vs. 46.7%, χ
2 = 26.032, P < 0.001). The percentage of patients with tubal infertility in EP group was also significantly higher than that in non-EP group (89.2% vs. 63.6%, χ
2 = 77.410, P < 0.001). The percentages of patients with transfer of cleavage-stage embryo or blastocyst (91.4% vs. 84.4%, χ
2 = 10.132, P = 0.001) and different endometrial combined thickness (ECT) (χ
2 = 18.373, P < 0.001) differed significantly between EP and non-EP groups. For patients who had a previous history of one to four EPs, the percentage of patients undergoing transfer of a cleavage-stage embryo was significantly higher in EP group than that in non-EP group (92.2% vs. 77.6%, χ
2 = 13.737, P < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, tubal infertility was strongly associated with EP (adjusted odds ratio: 3.995, 95% confidence interval: 2.706–5.897, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
In IVF/ICSI cycles, transfer of a blastocyst-stage embryo, especially for patients with a previous history of EP, reduced the rate of EP. Tubal infertility was strongly associated with EP.
Cochlear Implant Therapy Improves the Quality of Life in Older Patients—A Prospective Evaluation Study
Authors: Issing Christian , Baumann Uwe , Pantel Johannes , Stöver Timo 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To determine the effects of cochlear implant (CI) hearing rehabilitation on quality of life in older patients (≥65 yr).

Study design:
Prospective observational study.

Setting:
Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Medical University Frankfurt/Main.

Patients:
Patients aged between 65 and 86 years who received unilateral CI therapy for the first time.

Intervention:
Unilateral cochlear implantation.

Main Outcome Measures:
In addition to audiological parameters, the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale – old (WHOQL-OLD) was used to assess quality of life prior to surgery, at the time of first fitting of the audio processor (approx. 1 mo after surgery) and 6 months afterward. Dementia and depression were excluded using dementia detection test (DemTect) and geriatric depression scale.

Results:
Speech recognition improved significantly during the study period. Furthermore, the total WHOQL-OLD score showed a significant improvement of quality of life comparing the preoperative and the 6 months data (60.0 ± 15.7 to 66.8 ± 12.2 points) (p = 0.001). Only 6 months after surgery, comparable quality of life values were achieved compared to the corresponding population average of the same age group (67.96 ± 14.74 points). No statistically significant difference remained between the study group and the age-adjusted population average (p = 0.37).

Conclusion:
To achieve auditory rehabilitation, CI treatment in older patients can be strongly recommended, not only hearing rehabilitation, but also to improve quality of life.
Aligning Hearing Aid and Cochlear Implant Improves Hearing Outcome in Bimodal Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Holtmann Laura Christine , Janosi Anna , Bagus Heike , Scholz Tim , Lang Stephan , Arweiler-Harbeck Diana , Hans Stefan 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Patients with unilateral deafness and residual hearing on the contralateral ear can benefit from a cochlear implant (CI) on one side and a hearing aid (HA) on the other. However, hearing improvement among these patients is heterogenous. Interindividual differences in bimodal benefit may be caused by a mismatch of CI and HA. The aim of this study was to clinically apply a HA fitting strategy and to evaluate hearing outcome with and without a dedicated bimodal fitting formula.

Study Design:
Prospective non-randomized study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Twelve patients using a CI processor and a conventional HA were enrolled. Before and after the new HA had been adjusted to the patient and linked to the CI, pure-tone audiometry and localization tests were performed. Speech perception was determined in quiet and noise. Tests were repeated after 6 and 12 weeks. To evaluate the subjective listening comfort two questionnaires (Oldenburg Inventory and HISQUI19) were assessed.

Intervention:
Therapeutic.

Results Main outcome measure:
Word recognition in quiet, sentence recognition in noise. Speech perception in noise improved significantly: directed suppression of noise helped to segregate the target speech signal from a mixture of sounds or competing speakers. Evaluation of the questionnaires revealed a positive subjective hearing experience compared with patients’ initial settings of the devices.

Conclusion:
By linking CI and HA hearing and speech perception can be improved. However, good counselling at the outset is essential to obtain enhanced outcome.
Posttraumatic Cranial Suture Diastasis in Pediatric Temporal Bone Fractures
Authors: Reeve Nathaniel H. , Kahane Jacob B. , Miller Jordan , Cross Chad , Young Allen , Ng Matthew 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Only a handful of case reports exist describing posttraumatic sutural diastasis in the calvarium and none report concurrent temporal bone involvement. We aim to describe diastasis along the temporal bone suture lines in the setting of temporal bone trauma and to identify clinical sequelae.

Study Design:
Retrospective case review.

Setting:
Tertiary Level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
Forty-four patients aged 18 and younger who suffered a temporal bone fracture from 2013 to 2018 were identified. Diastasis and diastasis with displacement at the occipitomastoid, lambdoid, sphenosquamosal and petro-occipital sutures, and synchondroses were determined.

Main Outcome Measures:
The presence of temporal bone suture and synchondrosal diastasis following temporal bone trauma. Diastasis was defined as sutural separation of a distance greater than 1 mm in comparison to the contralateral side.

Results:
Using our diastasis diagnostic criteria, diastasis occurred in 41.5% of temporal bone fractures. Transverse fracture types were significantly associated with diastasis (p ≤ 0.001). Lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and loss of consciousness (LOC) were associated with the presence of diastasis with displacement and diastasis (p = 0.034 and p = 0.042, respectively). Otic capsule violation was more common in fractures with diastasis but did not reach statistical significance. There were two cases of cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea and three deaths in cases that featured diastasis.

Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that diastasis is a positive predictor for higher disruptive force injuries and more severe outcomes and complications. Posttraumatic temporal bone suture diastasis may represent a separate clinico-pathologic entity in addition to the usual temporal bone fracture classification types.
Outcomes and Safety of Blenderized Tube Feedings in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Kernizan Daphney , Mintz Daria , Colin Michele , Lee Melanie , Yoakam Lindsay , Chen Yen Ping , Iofel Elizaveta , Koniaris Soula , Weidner Melissa 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Recently, significant interest from families and healthcare providers has arisen to use blenderized tube feedings (BTF). Although many institutions are providing this nutritional option, literature documenting outcomes and safety is lacking.Methods:A retrospective chart review was performed on pediatric patients receiving BTF at Rutgers‐Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital between January 2013 and April 2017. Demographic data and dietary information before and after BTF were collected. Reasons for diet initiation, symptoms, and anthropometrics were recorded. Adverse events and outcomes were assessed through physician documentation and relevant medication changes.Results:Thirty‐five patients (24 boys) received BTF. Age at initiation of BTF ranged from 1 to 19 years (mean 8.3 +/− 5.8 [SD] years). Length of follow‐up ranged from 1 to 45 months (mean 15 +/− 12.2 months). The most common reason for starting BTF was gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (N = 32). Almost all patients were on medications for GERD, constipation, or gastrointestinal dysmotility before starting BTF (N = 33). Majority of patients had improvement in relevant symptoms (N = 20); 13 of 33 patients on gastrointestinal medications were able to wean or stop medication(s). BMI z scores did not differ before and after BTF initiation (P = 0.558). No serious life‐threatening adverse events were found.Conclusions:Our data suggest that BTF is a safe dietary intervention that may improve gastrointestinal symptoms in pediatric patients. Further prospective studies are needed to compare safety and efficacy of BTF and commercial formulas in pediatric patients.
Feasibility Study of a New Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mini-capsule Device to Measure Whole Gut Transit Time in Paediatric Constipation
Authors: Sharif Hayfa , Abrehart Nichola , Hoad Caroline L. , Murray Kathryn , Perkins Alan C. , Smith Murray , Gowland Penny A. , Spiller Robin C. , Harris Roy , Kirkham Sian , Loganathan Sabarinathan , Papadopoulos Michalis , Frost Kate , Devadason David , Marciani Luca 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
In England, 27,500 children are referred annually to hospital with constipation. An objective measure of whole gut transit time (WGTT) could aid management. The current standard WGTT assessment, the x-ray radiopaque marker (ROM) test, gives poor definition of colonic anatomy and the radiation dose required is undesirable in children. Our objective was to develop an alternative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) WGTT measure to the x-ray ROM test and to demonstrate its initial feasibility in paediatric constipation.

Methods:
With the Nottingham Young Person's Advisory Group we developed a small (8 × 4 mm), inert polypropylene capsule shell filled with MRI-visible fat emulsion. The capsule can be imaged using MRI fat and water in-phase and out-of-phase imaging. Sixteen patients with constipation and 19 healthy participants aged 7 to 18 years old were recruited. Following a common ROM protocol, the participants swallowed 24 mini-capsules each day for 3 days and were imaged on days 4 and 7 using MRI. The number of successful studies (feasibility) and WGTT were assessed. Participants’ EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale were also collected and compared between the day before the taking the first set of mini-capsules to the day after the last MRI study day.

Results:
The mini-capsules were imaged successfully in the colon of all participants. The WGTT was 78 ± 35 hours (mean ± standard deviation) for patients, and 36 ± 16 hours, P < 0.0001 for healthy controls. Carrying out the procedures did not change the EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale scores before and after the procedures.

Conclusions:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Paediatric Constipation was a first-in-child feasibility study of a new medical device to measure WGTT in paediatric constipation using MRI. The study showed that the new method is feasible and is well tolerated.
Clinical Criteria Can Identify Children With Osteopenia in Newly Diagnosed Crohn Disease
Authors: Ronel Naama , Tzion Raffi Lev , Orlanski‐Meyer Esther , Shteyer Eyal , Guz‐Mark Anat , Assa Amit , Strich David , Turner Dan , Ledder Oren 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Chronic inflammation of Crohn disease (CD) is associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD). As bone mass is almost exclusively accrued during childhood, early recognition of osteopenia is especially important in pediatric CD. We aimed to identify variables associated with osteopenia to guide dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan screening to those who most need it.Methods:This was a retrospective inception cohort study of children newly diagnosed with CD, and routinely referred to DXA scans. Demographic and explicit clinical data were recorded along with whole‐body less head BMD, adjusted for age, sex, and height by z‐scores.Results:Of the 116 included children (mean age 13 ± 3.1 years, 67 [58%] boys, mean body mass index [BMI] 16.7 ± 2.6), 63 (54%) had normal BMD (z‐score > −1) or borderline osteopenia (−1 ≥ z‐score > −2) and 53 (46%) had osteopenia (z‐score ≤ −2). Osteopenia was associated with lower BMI z‐score (−0.8 ± 1.2 vs −1.8 ± 1.1, P < 0.001) and higher PCDAI (33.7 ± 15.2 vs 25.7 ± 16.5; P = 0.009) than those with BMD z‐score >−2. In total, 59% of children with BMI z‐score <−0.5 had moderate‐severe osteopenia and only 18% of those with higher z‐scores. Multivariate logistic regression identified BMI z‐score as the sole risk factor (OR 1.28 [95% CI 1.08–1.52], P = 0.005). BMI z‐score ≥−0.5 excludes osteopenia with a sensitivity 87%, specificity 49%, NPV 82%, and PPV 59%.Conclusions:Osteopenia was found in nearly half of children with newly onset CD. BMI z‐score <−0.5 should prompt referral to DXA screening.
Autoantibodies and Donor-specific Antibodies are Associated With Graft Dysfunction in Pediatric Liver Transplantation
Authors: Saelens Emma Monique , Van Biervliet Stephanie , Vande Velde Saskia , Van Winckel Myriam , Rogiers Xavier , Vanlander Aude , Daniëls Liesbeth , Bonroy Carolien , De Bruyne Ruth M.L. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Autoantibodies (AAb) and donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) are frequently present in pediatric liver transplant (LT) recipients. Their clinical significance remains incompletely understood. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of serum AAb and DSA in pediatric LT recipients and its correlation with patient characteristics and histological and biochemical parameters.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the data from 62 pediatric LT patients in follow-up at Ghent University Hospital between January 2007 and February 2018. Blood samples with AAb measurement were taken systematically, liver biopsies (LB) were performed on clinical indication.

Results:
AAb were detected in 27 (43.3%) patients, with antinuclear antibodies (ANA) being the most frequently (24%) encountered AAb. There was an association between AAb positivity and female gender (P = 0,032) and deceased donor LT (P = 0,006). Patients with positive AAb underwent a higher number of LB during their follow-up (P < 0,001), and an association was found with the presence of nonspecific histologic alterations (P = 0,032) in the absence of de novo autoimmune hepatitis. Positive AAb were also associated with higher alkaline phosphatase (P < 0,001), ALT (P < 0,001), AST (P < 0,001), γ-GT (P = 0,001), IgG (P = 0,011) and lower albumin (P = 0,029). Fourteen out of 50 (28%) patients were DSA-positive, mostly anti-HLA class II. DSA positivity was associated with T-cell-mediated rejection (P = 0,019), higher total (P = 0,033), and direct (P = 0,012) bilirubin and γ-GT (P < 0,001).

Conclusions:
The presence of AAb and DSA is associated with histological and biochemical parameters of graft dysfunction. Larger prospective studies are warranted to investigate the causal relationships between AAb and DSA development and outcome parameters post pediatric LT.