bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When Do those “Risk-Taking Adolescents” Take Risks? The Combined Effects of Risk Encouragement by Peers, Mild-to-Borderline Intellectual Disability and Sex
Authors: Wagemaker Eline , Huizenga Hilde M. , Dekkers Tycho J. , Collot d’Escury-Koenigs Annematt L. , Salemink Elske , Bexkens Anika 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAdolescents with mild to borderline intellectual disability (MBID) show more daily life risk taking than typically developing adolescents. To obtain insight in when these “risk-taking adolescents” especially take risks, we investigated main and interaction effects of (a) MBID, (b) sex, and (c) type of peer influence on risk taking. The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) was used as a proxy of real-life risk taking. 356 adolescents (12–19 years, 51.7% MBID, 63.4% boys) were randomly assigned to one of three BART peer-influence conditions: solo (no peers), positive risk encouragement (e.g., ‘You are cool if you continue’) or negative risk encouragement (e.g., ‘You are a softy if you do not continue’). The main finding was that boys with MBID took more risks than typically developing boys in the negative risk encouragement condition. Boys with MBID also took more risks in the negative risk encouragement condition compared to the solo condition, whereas typically developing boys did not. There were no such effects for girls. Surprisingly, boys with MBID took less risks in the solo condition than typically developing boys. We conclude that boys with MBID especially show high risk taking when peers belittle or threat with exclusion from the peer group. Prevention and intervention programs should specifically target boys with MBID to teach them to resist negative risk encouragement by peers.
Residual Thermal Strain Distribution Measurement of Underfills in Flip Chip Electronic Packages by an Inverse Approach Based on the Sampling Moiré Method
Authors: Wang Q. , Ri S. , Enomoto T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResidual deformation evaluation of underfill (UF) materials in flip chips is crucial to improve the reliability of electronic packages. In this study, we propose to evaluate the residual thermal strain distributions using an inverse method based on the sampling moiré technique. Even if a grid pattern is fabricated on the specimen at room temperature, the residual strain distributions at an arbitrary temperature relative to the specimen formation temperature can be successfully calculated. The residual strain distributions relative to the free contraction state at an arbitrary temperature can also be measured when the coefficient of thermal expansion is available. A thermal chamber for flip chips was designed under a laser scanning microscope. Using the proposed method, the normal, shear and principal internal strain distributions and deformation characteristics of two kinds of UFs in flip chips were investigated relative to 150 °C. The strains of the UF with low glass transition temperature (UF-A) concentrate near the die material, especially at the die corner, while the strain concentration of the underfill with high glass transition temperature (UF-B) mainly occurs at the die corner and the buffer layer. The maximum principal strain of UF-A is greater than that of UF-B around the die corner. The residual maximum principal strain distributions relative to the free contraction state at 25 °C were compared with the simulation results by the finite element method. The residual strain distribution trends from experiments are consistent with those from simulations.
Energy efficiency in SMEs: overcoming the communication barrier
Authors: Palm Jenny , Backman Fredrik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article discusses ineffective knowledge and information communication as an important barrier to improving energy efficiency in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and considers how to make functional communication an enabler of future SME energy-efficiency programmes. Energy audits – important tools when addressing energy efficiency in companies – are often performed by professionals with an engineering background, which does not reflect the backgrounds of those receiving the audit, inhibiting the interpretation of those audits. SMEs must actively process the information, and their employees must be able to connect the information to existing knowledge.We analysed two methods used by Swedish municipal energy-efficiency programmes to improve energy efficiency in SMEs. The results indicate that in the programme providing SMEs with third-party information, but without any possibility to process the information, the energy-efficiency results were poor, while in the programme in which SMEs were actively engaged in all stages and could discuss problems and results with peers, the energy-efficiency results were better.In implementing SME energy-efficiency programmes, municipalities should avoid simply offering audits. Instead, they should find methods that facilitate knowledge creation among the participants, allowing the participating SMEs to share experience and knowledge with one another and with experts, and to take home ideas, testing them in their own contexts, and communicating their experiences. This would be a way to make communication an enabler rather than a barrier.
Modellvalidierung mit Hilfe von Quantil-Quantil-Plots unter Solvency II
Authors: Pfeifer Dietmar 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungNach etlichen Jahren Vorarbeit ist das Projekt Solvency II Anfang 2016 in den Ländern der Europäischen Union legislativ umgesetzt worden. Damit verbunden sind einige wesentliche Änderungen der jeweiligen nationalen Versicherungsaufsichtsgesetze. Ein neuer Aspekt hierbei ist die Vorschrift, potenzielle Abweichungen des Risikoprofils des Unternehmens von den Annahmen, die der Standardformel zur Berechnung des Solvency Capital Requirements (SCR) zugrunde liegen, zu analysieren und zu beurteilen. Für das Prämien- und Reserve-Risiko bzw. die zugehörigen Schaden-Kosten-Quoten wird dabei stillschweigend eine Lognormalverteilung unterstellt. In dieser Arbeit wird ein einfaches, aber dennoch mathematisch korrektes Verfahren auf der Basis von Quantil-Quantil-Plots vorgestellt, mit dem eine solche Analyse durchgeführt werden kann.
Detection of Subtle Sensor Errors in Mineral Processing Circuits Using Data-Mining Techniques
Authors: Pothina Rambabu , Ganguli Rajive 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe economics of a mineral processing circuit is dependent on the numerous sensors that are critical to optimization and control systems. The sheer volume of sensors results in mines not being able to keep the sensors calibrated. When a sensor goes off calibration, it results in errors which can severely impact plant economics. Normally, these errors are not detected until the error grows and becomes a large (“gross”) error. Undetected errors are not remedied until the next calibration, which on average are a year apart Beamex (2019) [1] across all industries. Classical statistical methods that depend on linear relationships between input and response variables are typically used to find gross errors, but are not effective for highly non-linear and non-stationary operations in mining and mineral processing industries. Calibration of sensors is time-consuming and generally requires physical intervention that results in equipment downtimes causing production losses. Therefore, in situ detection methods are warranted that do not require physical removal of sensors to compare with standard measurements or well-calibrated sensors. Data-mining based techniques and algorithms have high success rate in tackling such problems. This paper presents results from a groundbreaking multi-year big data research project whose goal was to develop data-mining-based original techniques in a multi-sensor environment to identify when sensors start to stray, rather than wait for errors to grow. The carbon stripping (gold) circuit in the Pogo Mine of Alaska was selected for this project. Maintaining strip vessel temperatures at optimum levels is crucial for maximizing gold recoveries at Pogo, and hence the focus was on the temperature sensors of the two strip vessels. An automated algorithm to detect errors in strip vessel temperature sensors was developed that exploited data from multiple sensors in the strip circuit. This algorithm was able to detect with a high success rate when bias errors of magnitude as low as ± 2% were artificially induced into strip vessel temperature data streams. The detection times of about 1 month were much less than the industry average calibration frequency of 1 year. Thus, the algorithm helps detect errors early, without stopping the circuit. The algorithm alarms can serve as triggers when calibrations are done. Experimental methodology along with results, limitations of algorithms, and future research are also presented in this paper.
Residents’ perspective of quality improvement and patient safety education in Canadian emergency medicine residency programs
Authors: Trivedi Sachin V. , Hartmann Riley J. , Hall Justin N. , Nasser Laila , Porplycia Danielle , Kwok Edmund S. H. , Chartier Lucas B. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesQuality improvement and patient safety (QIPS) competencies are increasingly important in emergency medicine (EM) and are now included in the CanMEDS framework. We conducted a survey aimed at determining the Canadian EM residents’ perspectives on the level of QIPS education and support available to them.MethodsAn electronic survey was distributed to all Canadian EM residents from the Royal College and Family Medicine training streams. The survey consisted of multiple-choice, Likert, and free-text entry questions aimed at understanding familiarity with QIPS, local opportunities for QIPS projects and mentorship, and the desire for further QIPS education and involvement.ResultsOf 535 EM residents, 189 (35.3%) completed the survey, representing all 17 medical schools; 77.2% of respondents were from the Royal College stream; 17.5% of respondents reported that QIPS methodologies were formally taught in their residency program; 54.7% of respondents reported being “somewhat” or “very” familiar with QIPS; 47.2% and 51.5% of respondents reported either “not knowing” or “not having readily available” opportunities for QIPS projects and QIPS mentorship, respectively; 66.9% of respondents indicated a desire for increased QIPS teaching; and 70.4% were interested in becoming involved with QIPS training and initiatives.ConclusionsMany Canadian EM residents perceive a lack of QIPS educational opportunities and support in their local setting. They are interested in receiving more QIPS education, as well as project and mentorship opportunities. Supporting residents with a robust QIPS educational and mentorship framework may build a cohort of providers who can enhance the local delivery of care.
POLICING, ‘SCIENCE’, AND THE CURIOUS CASE OF PHOTO-FIT
Authors: LAWRENCE PAUL 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article analyses the curious development and subsequent refinement of the Photo-FIT system for the identification of criminal suspects, used by police forces around the world from the 1970s. Situating Photo-FIT in a succession of other technologies of identification, it demonstrates that, far from representing the onward march of science and technology (and the way in which both were harnessed to the power of the state in the twentieth century), Photo-FIT was the brainchild of an idiosyncratic entrepreneur wedded to increasingly outmoded notions of physiognomy. Its adoption by the Home Office was primarily determined by the particular context of the later 1960s, and its continued use owed more to vested interest and energetic promotion than to scientific underpinnings or proven efficacy. It did, however, in the longer term, provide the impetus for the development of a new sub-field of psychology and pave the way for the development of increasingly sophisticated facial identification technologies still used today. Overall, the article demonstrates the long persistence of physiognomic thinking in twentieth-century Britain, the way in which new technology is socially constructed, and the persuasive power of ‘pseudo-science’.
AZTEC-PERIOD POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION OF WESTERN MORELOS, MEXICO
Authors: Mason Roger D. , Earle David D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Tlahuica, a Nahua ethnic group, arrived in what is now western Morelos and conquered several preexisting towns circaa.d.1100. Members of Tlahuica elite lineages took control of irrigable land and foundedaltepeme(small city-states). As population increased, segmentation occurred until there were 32altepeme. The elite's control of the irrigable land was the basis for collecting tribute consisting of cotton cloth. The 32altepemein western Morelos became part of threeseñoríos(regional centers) comprised of multiplealtepemebya.d.1400: Cuauhnahuac, Tlaquiltenango, and Xiutepec. Coatlan, located in the southwestern part of western Morelos, remained an independent polity separate from the threeseñoríos. The 32altepemewere conquered by the Triple Alliance in the 1430s and 1450s, putting a halt to further conquests by theseseñoríosand leaving Coatlan as an independent buffer state between the Tlahuicaseñoríosand Chontal polities to the southwest. The Triple Alliance did not displace the local population in western Morelos or send colonists from the Basin of Mexico, as they did in non-Nahua provinces of the empire.
Evidence for Cognitive Deficits in X-Linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Authors: Kasselimis Dimitrios , Karadima Georgia , Angelopoulou Georgia , Breza Marianthi , Tsolakopoulos Dimitrios , Potagas Constantin , Panas Marios , Koutsis Georgios 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective:X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX) is an hereditary neuropathy caused by mutations inGJB1coding for connexin-32, found in Schwann cells, but also expressed in oligodendrocytes. Reports have identified CNS involvement in CMTX, but no systematic study of cognitive function has been published.Methods:We assessed 24 CMTX patients (13 males; 9GJB1mutations) with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, including tests of memory, language, and executive functions.Results:No differences in cognitive performance were observed between males and females. A case-by-case investigation revealed selective deficits in individual patients. One subgroup (29%) demonstrated executive abnormalities; and a non-overlapping subgroup (29%), prominent reading (decoding) abnormalities.Conclusions:The present data provide evidence for cognitive deficits in CMTX. Emerging neuropsychological patterns are also discussed.
What is the quality of hydrogel spacer insertions? and which patients will benefit? A literature review
Authors: Drabble Joseph , Drury-Smith Heather 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAim:To evaluate the quality of rectal hydrogel spacer (HS) insertions from literature in patients undergoing radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer. The secondary aim is to assess the benefit of HSs in patients with risk factors more likely to have rectal complications, such as non-conventional radiotherapy dose fractionations and high-risk disease.Method and materials:A literature search of peer-reviewed electronic articles was carried out using Boolean connectors and Medical Subject Headings in the databases. Databases searched included ScienceDirect, Medline and Cinahl. The articles were assessed using relevant critical appraisal skills programme tools.Results:From the 26 studies used, HS showed a clinically significant relative reduction in rectal planning dose volumes for both high- and low-risk prostate cancer patients in a range of radiotherapy treatment modalities including volumetric modulated arc therapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, intensity-modulated proton therapy, stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy and brachytherapy. Spacer placements were successfully inserted in 99% of patients. However, rectal wall infiltration occurrence was 6% and ≥2 cm unsymmetrical placements in 2%.Findings:A spacer scoring system based on the HS symmetry has provided evidence of the quality of the position inserted, which was visually aided by T2-wieghted MRIs. Despite optimal HS placements ranging from 62 to 72%, HS had a clinically significant reduction of ≥25% in planned rectal V70 dose in 97% of patients.
Pitching Opera: Innovating New Music Theater at Banff and Stratford, 1970–1990
Authors: RENIHAN COLLEEN 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Banff Summer Festival of the Arts and the Stratford Summer Music Festival have been unrecognized sites of operatic innovation in Canada. Indeed, the flourishing of what might be termed “new music theater” in Canada is imbricated with the history of these two festivals. Archival research reveals that the inventive, often revolutionary, approaches to music theater honed at Stratford and Banff from 1970–1990 ultimately defined the course of Canadian new music theatre in the decades that followed. Founded in 1953 as a Shakespeare festival, the Stratford Festival eventually became renowned for its (nearly exclusive) focus on musical theater. At Banff, discussions about generic innovation occurred regularly, producing what I suggest was one of the foremost centers in the world for innovation in music theater. Charting the development of opera in Canada through conversations that took part at the Banff and Stratford festivals during the period 1970–1990 reveals the unique possibilities that the peripheral positioning of these festivals—aesthetically, critically, and geographically—offered to the development, dissemination, and innovation of so-called new music theater in Canada.
Observations of Aerosol‐Cloud Interactions During the North Atlantic Aerosol and Marine Ecosystem Study
Authors: Sinclair Kenneth , van Diedenhoven Bastiaan , Cairns Brian , Alexandrov Mikhail , Moore Richard , Ziemba Luke D. , Crosbie Ewan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractClouds and their response to aerosols constitute the largest uncertainty in our understanding of 20th‐century climate change. We present an investigation that determines linkages between remotely sensed marine cloud properties with in situ measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and meteorological properties obtained during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study. The first two deployments of this campaign have geographically similar domains but occur in different seasons allowing the response of clouds to a range of CCN concentrations and meteorological conditions to be investigated. Well‐defined connections between CCN and cloud microphysical properties consistent with the indirect effect are observed, as well as complex, nonlinear secondary effects that are partially supported by previously proposed mechanisms. Using the Research Scanning Polarimeter's remotely sensed effective variance parameter, correlation is found with liquid water path. In general, cloud macrophysical properties are found to better correlate with atmospheric state parameters than changes in CCN concentrations.
Channel‐Trapped Convergence and Divergence of Lateral Velocity in the Pearl River Estuary: Influence of Along‐Estuary Variations of Channel Depth and Width
Authors: Pan Jiayi , Lai Wenfeng , Devlin Adam T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA cruise survey was conducted in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) in May 2014. In situ observations during this cruise reveal that at the surface in the central channel of the PRE there was a strong convergence of lateral velocity during an ebb tide and a divergence during a flood tide. The ebb tide convergence was also observed in satellite synthetic aperture radar imagery. The Finite‐Volume Coastal Ocean Model was executed in the PRE domain to accurately simulate the convergence and divergence of the cross‐estuary velocity during ebb and flood tides, respectively. Numerical experiments in an idealized estuary domain are implemented with three distinct forcing scenarios: tide, river discharge, and a combination of both. Model results show that the cross‐estuary momentum balance plays a significant role in the dynamics of the velocity convergence and divergence in the PRE. Additionally, the interaction between tide and river discharge enhances the surface convergence on ebb tide and generates the surface divergence on flood tide. The model results reveal that the along‐estuary variation of channel depth and width is responsible for the tide‐induced lateral velocity convergence and divergence in the channel, supported by the fact that when the channel depth and width are set to constant values in the model, the channel‐trapped ebb convergence substantially weakens, and the flood divergence disappears. This study provides an indication for other wide estuaries.
A Diagnosis of Anisotropic Eddy Diffusion From a High‐Resolution Global Ocean Model
Authors: Bachman Scott D. , Fox‐Kemper Baylor , Bryan Frank O. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOceanic mesoscale eddies are known to diffuse and stir tracers, and the development of skillful eddy closures is aided considerably by the accurate diagnosis of these processes from eddy‐resolving model statistics. In this work a multiple‐tracers inversion method is applied to a global mesoscale eddy‐resolving simulation, with the intent to solve for the eddy transport tensor that describes the eddy diffusion (symmetric part) and stirring (antisymmetric part). Special emphasis is placed on diagnosing the anisotropy of the horizontal transport, which is described by the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the
horizontal symmetric subtensor. Global diagnoses of these quantities, along with an examination of their vertical structures, are used to recommend an algorithm for extending the Gent and McWilliams and Redi parameterizations to include anisotropic effects.
Evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex lineages and their role in an emerging threat of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in Bamako, Mali
Authors: Senghore Madikay , Diarra Bassirou , Gehre Florian , Otu Jacob , Worwui Archibald , Muhammad Abdul Khalie , Kwambana-Adams Brenda , Kay Gemma L. , Sanogo Moumine , Baya Bocar , Orsega Susan , Doumbia Seydou , Diallo Souleymane , de Jong Bouke C. , Pallen Mark J. , Antonio Martin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn recent years Bamako has been faced with an emerging threat from multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB). Whole genome sequence analysis was performed on a subset of 76 isolates from a total of 208 isolates recovered from tuberculosis patients in Bamako, Mali between 2006 and 2012. Among the 76 patients, 61(80.3%) new cases and 15(19.7%) retreatment cases, 12 (16%) were infected by MDR-TB. The dominant lineage was the Euro-American lineage, Lineage 4. Within Lineage 4, the Cameroon genotype was the most prevalent genotype (n = 20, 26%), followed by the Ghana genotype (n = 16, 21%). A sub-clade of the Cameroon genotype, which emerged ~22 years ago was likely to be involved in community transmission. A sub-clade of the Ghana genotype that arose approximately 30 years ago was an important cause of MDR-TB in Bamako. The Ghana genotype isolates appeared more likely to be MDR than other genotypes after controlling for treatment history. We identified a clade of four related Beijing isolates that included one MDR-TB isolate. It is a major concern to find the Cameroon and Ghana genotypes involved in community transmission and MDR-TB respectively. The presence of the Beijing genotype in Bamako remains worrying, given its high transmissibility and virulence.