bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The non-coding RNA miR-17~92 is a central mediator of T cell activation
Authors: Dölz Marianne , Gagnon John D. , Kornete Mara , Marone Romina , Bantug Glenn , Kageyama Robin , Hess Christoph , Ansel K. Mark , Seyres Denis , Roux Julien , Jeker Lukas T. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryT cell activation is paramount for productive adaptive immune responses. CD28 is a key clinically targeted immunoregulatory receptor because it provides the prototypical costimulatory signal required for T cell activation. Therefore, a precise understanding of the molecular consequences of CD28 costimulation has direct therapeutic relevance. Here, we uncover that the microRNA cluster miR-17~92 is part of the molecular program triggered by CD28 costimulation and hence T cell activation. Combining genetics, transcriptomics, bioinformatics and biochemical miRNA:mRNA interaction maps we demonstrate that transgenic miR-17~92 can cell-intrinsically largely overcome defects caused by CD28-deficiency. miR-17~92 promotes transcription of a proinflammatory gene signature by enhancing the calcineurin/NFAT pathway. miR-17~92 binds to and represses a network of genes including several negative regulators of T cell activation. Finally, CD28-deficient T cells exhibit derepressed miR-17~92 target genes during activation, demonstrating that this non-coding RNA is required to shape the transcriptome. Thus, we propose that miR-17~92 constitutes a central mediator for T cell activation, integrating signals by the TCR and CD28 costimulation. In this model miR-17~92 facilitates T cell activation by dampening the breaks that prevent T cell activation.
Defects in plant immunity modulate the rates and patterns of RNA virus evolution
Authors: Navarro Rebeca , Ambrós Silvia , Butković Anamarija , Carrasco José L. , González Rubén , Martínez Fernando , Wu Beilei , Elena Santiago F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is assumed that host genetic variability for susceptibility to infection necessarily conditions virus evolution. Differences in host susceptibility can either drive the virus to diversify into strains that track different defense alleles (e.g., antigenic diversity) or to infect only the most susceptible genotypes. To clarify these processes and their effect on virulence, we have studied how variability in host defense responses determine the evolutionary fate of viruses. To accomplish this, we performed evolution experiments withTurnip mosaic potyvirusinArabidopsis thalianamutants. Mutant plants had disruptions in infection-response signaling pathways or in genes whose products are essential for potyvirus infection. Genotypes were classified into five phenogroups according to their response to infection. In order to disentangle how host susceptibility affects virus adaptation, independent viral lineages were evolved in selected plant genotypes. Evaluating disease-related traits of the evolved lineages, we found that evolution proceeded faster in the most resistant hosts than in the most permissive ones, as expected for adaptation to a harsh environment. By sequencing the genomes of the evolved viral lineages, we found that the multifunctional protein VPg turned out to be the target of selection in most host genotypes. When all evolved viral lineages were tested for fitness in all plant genotypes used in the experiments, we found compelling evidences that generalist viruses were selected by the most restrictive plant genotypes, while permissive genotypes selected for specialist viruses. Overall, this work illustrates how different host defense signaling pathways constrain not only disease-related traits but virus evolution.
Does dopamine synthesis capacity predict individual variation in curiosity?
Authors: van Lieshout Lieke L. F. , van den Bosch Ruben , Hofmans Lieke , de Lange Floris P. , Cools Roshan 
Published: October 2020

SummaryCuriosity, which can be defined as “intrinsically motivated information-seeking”, is an important driving force in our everyday lives. Based on previous evidence demonstrating a link between information prediction errors and dopamine neuronal firing rates, we asked whether the drive to seek information varies with individual differences in dopamine synthesis capacity. In order to investigate this, we let participants perform a lottery task in which we independently manipulated outcome uncertainty, outcome valence (gains versus losses) and expected value, and asked participants to indicate their curiosity for each presented lottery. In a separate session, participants underwent an [18F]DOPA PET scan to quantify their dopamine synthesis capacity. We replicate previous behavioral results, showing that curiosity is a function of outcome uncertainty as well as outcome valence (gain versus loss). However, we found no evidence that curiosity or the sensitivity to outcome uncertainty, outcome valence and expected value was related to participants’ dopamine synthesis capacity in the ventral striatum, the caudate nucleus or the putamen. These findings stress the need for further studies into the role of dopamine in (different types of) curiosity.
On the role of photoreceptor identity in controlling accurate wiring of theDrosophilavisual circuit
Authors: Ji Weiyue , Wu Lani F. , Altschuler Steven J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring development, neurons extend in search of synaptic partners. Precise control of axon extension velocity can therefore be crucial to ensuring proper circuit formation. How velocity is regulated – particularly by the extending axons themselves – remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate this question in theDrosophilavisual system, where photoreceptors make precise connections with a specific set of synaptic partners that together create a circuit underpinning neural superposition (NSP). We used a combination of genetic perturbations and quantitative image analysis to investigate the influence of cell identity on growth cone velocity and subsequent spatial-temporal coincidence of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. Our study provides a case study of how cell autonomous properties of presynaptic axons play a pivotal role in controlling the dynamics of growing axons and determining the formation of a precise neuronal circuit.
Study of corrosion behavior of virgin and recycled Pb anodes used in zinc electrowinning industry
Authors: Nakisa Shima , Parvini Ahmadi Naghi , Moghaddam Javad , Ashassi-Sorkhabi Habib 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The composition and corrosion behaviors of recycled and virgin Pb anode were investigated in industrial zinc electrowinning solution with different methods. The purpose of this study is the illustration of good anticorrosion activity of virgin Pb anodes compared to recycled one in industrial operation, while the compositions of both of them are the same which obtained from quantmetry method.

Design/methodology/approach
Its corrosion properties and electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen evolution reaction were appraised using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic polarization and ionic equilibrium methods. In addition, composition of anodes investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) method. The surface composition of samples was studied via X-ray diffractogram (XRD).

Findings
The results indicate that the anodes display different anodic behaviors during the galvanostatic polarization. Virgin Pb anode shows a “potential reduction” about 320 mV lower than recycled Pb anode after 6 h of polarization; also, the stable potential after 72 h for virgin Pb anode is 100 mV lower than recycled Pb anode. Also, The XPS results show a trace amount of Cl in recycled anodes which cause the more corrosion activity. XRD results indicate that virgin Pb anodes have been covered by more oxides than recycled anodes after 72 h of electrowinning.

Originality/value
The treatment of corrosion behavior by virginity has not been detected by any researchers yet. Therefore, it is imperative to study the corrosion behavior and exact composition analysis of virgin and recycled Pb anodes to comprehension of them. This paper fulfills this need.
An improved bootstrap method introducing error ellipse for numerical analysis of fatigue life parameters
Authors: Ge Haiyan , Liu Xintian , Fang Yu , Wang Haijie , Wang Xu , Zhang Minghui 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce error ellipse into the bootstrap method to improve the reliability of small samples and the credibility of the S-N curve.Design/methodology/approachBased on the bootstrap method and the reliability of the original samples, two error ellipse models are proposed. The error ellipse model reasonably predicts that the discrete law of expanded virtual samples obeys two-dimensional normal distribution.FindingsBy comparing parameters obtained by the bootstrap method, improved bootstrap method (normal distribution) and error ellipse methods, it is found that the error ellipse method achieves the expansion of sampling range and shortens the confidence interval, which improves the accuracy of the estimation of parameters with small samples. Through case analysis, it is proved that the tangent error ellipse method is feasible, and the series of S-N curves is reasonable by the tangent error ellipse method.Originality/valueThe error ellipse methods can lay a technical foundation for life prediction of products and have a progressive significance for the quality evaluation of products.
What’s past is prologue: history, current status and future prospects of library development in Bhutan
Authors: Wangdi Sonam , LeGrand Cathleen , Norbu Phuntsho , Rinzin Sonam 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to outline the history of libraries in Bhutan, to describe the current state of library development and to recommend priority areas for library enhancement.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors have worked extensively as library professionals in Bhutan and share factual details derived from their personal experience. They review the published literature, particularly the fieldwork of two scholars who studied Bhutan’s libraries and library workers. The authors use their own experience to interpret those findings and make suggestions for future development.

Findings
The paper briefly traces the evolution of print culture and the history of libraries, exploring monastic, school, college, public and national libraries. The paper examines government policies regarding education and libraries and discusses the acknowledgment of the value of libraries and the lack of actual support.

Originality/value
There is limited study of the history of reading culture or libraries in Bhutan. The authors document their first-hand experiences and efforts to implement systems for library resource sharing and professional development. The authors hope that this record will serve to illuminate past effort, to describe the unique information environment in Bhutan and to guide future decision-making. The authors recommend many future avenues for study, including reading habits, information-seeking behavior and attitudes toward libraries and librarians.
Review of Powell, Emilia (2020): Islamic Law and International Law: Peaceful Resolution of Disputes, Oxford and others, Oxford University Press
Authors: Niedermeier Alexander 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to critically review the book Islamic Law and International Law by Emilila Powell.

Design/methodology/approach
The book review is undertaken from a comparative legal and political science perspective, including arguments and insights from international relations, international law, Islamic law, Islamic culture, religious studies, legal history and European as well as international political history.

Findings
While the empirical part of Powell’s work (chapters 5, 6 and 7) shows a methodologically veryc well done approach and at the same time highly interesting insights, both foundation and context show several critical points, in particular, a lack of differentiation with respect to the Western politico-legal tradition, its concepts and the resulting implications.

Research limitations/implications
The book represents an excellent starting point that should inspire new, more intensive as well as exhaustive research on this topic.

Practical implications
The book generates valuable insights for practitioners such as judges at international courts dealing with issues involving so-called Islamic law states, as well as politicians or public service officials in the context of international law and international politics.

Originality/value
As the paper is a comprehensive review of the book based upon comparatively based insights from international relations, international law, Islamic law, Islamic culture, religious studies, legal history and European as well as international political history, the arguments of Powell are analyzed and commented upon in a comprehensive, well-founded and fair way. This should give potential readers a good understanding of Powell’s arguments, inspire a critical lecture of the book and contribute to the important discourse on the connex between international law and Islamic law.
Do Firms Strategically Internalize Disclosure Spillovers? Evidence from Cash‐Financed M&As
Authors: KIM JINHWAN , VERDI RODRIGO S. , YOST BENJAMIN P. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTWe investigate whether managers internalize the spillover effects of their disclosure on the stock price of related firms and strategically alter their disclosure decisions when doing so is beneficial. Using data on firm‐initiated disclosures during all‐cash acquisitions, we find evidence consistent with acquirers strategically generating news that they expect will depress the target's stock price. Our results suggest the disclosure strategy leads to lower target returns during the negotiation period when the takeover price is being determined and results in a lower target premium. These findings are robust to a battery of specifications and falsification tests. Our results are consistent with expected spillovers influencing the timing and content of firms’ disclosures in M&A transactions.
Job insecurity, commitment and proactivity towards the organization and one's career: Age as a condition
Authors: Huang Guo‐hua , Zhang Yong , Zhang Xiaomeng , Long Lirong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEmployees today are faced with increasing levels of job insecurity (JI), which refers not only to the loss of one's job but also the loss of various job features that one desires to keep. We studied how two different aspects of JI perceptions, namely, quantitative JI and qualitative JI, influence employees' commitment and proactivity towards their organizations and careers, and we examined age as a condition of such effects. Time‐lagged data from 236 Chinese employees and their supervisors support most of our hypotheses, that is, qualitative JI affects commitment and, in turn, proactivity towards one's organization, whereas quantitative JI affects commitment and, in turn, proactivity towards one's career. Furthermore, the impact of qualitative JI was found to be stronger for younger employees, while the impact of quantitative JI was found to be stronger for older employees.
A chromosome‐level genome assembly of rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis
Authors: Zhao Xianxin , Xu Hongxing , He Kang , Shi Zhenmin , Chen Xi , Ye Xinhai , Mei Yang , Yang Yajun , Li Meizhen , Gao Libin , Xu Le , Xiao Huamei , Liu Ying , Lu Zhongxian , Li Fei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Crambidae, Lepidoptera), is an important agricultural pest that causes serious losses to rice production in rice‐growing regions with high humidity and temperature. However, a lack of genomic resources limits in‐depth understanding of its biological characteristics and ecological adaptation. Here, we sequenced the genome of rice leaffolder using the Illumina and PacBio platforms, yielding a genome assembly of 528.3 Mb with a contig N50 of 524.6 kb. A high percentage (96.4%) of Benchmarking Universal Single‐Copy Orthologs (BUSCOs) were successfully detected, suggesting high‐level completeness of the genome assembly. In total, 39.5% of the genome consists of repeat sequences and 15,045 protein‐coding genes were annotated. Comparative phylogenomic analysis showed that some gene families associated with hormone biosynthesis expanded in rice leaffolder. Next, we used the Hi‐C technique to produce a chromosome‐level genome assembly with a scaffold N50 of 16.1 Mb by anchoring 3,248 scaffolds to 31 chromosomes. The rice leaffolder genome showed high chromosomal synteny with the genome of four other lepidopteran insects. By comparing coverage ratios from the genome resequencing of male and female pupae, we identified near intact Z and W chromosomes. The W chromosome is estimated as 20.75 Mb, which is the most complete known W chromosome in Lepidoptera. The protein‐coding genes on the W chromosome were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways. In all, the high‐quality genome assembly and the near‐intact W chromosome of rice leaffolder should be a useful resource for the fields of insect migration, chromosome evolution and pest control.
Archaeometric studies on the petroglyphs and rock varnish at Kilwa and Sakaka, northern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Andreae Meinrat O. , Al‐Amri Abdullah , Andreae Claire M. , Guagnin Maria , Jochum Klaus Peter , Stoll Brigitte , Weis Ulrike 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe conducted rock varnish measurements at four rock art sites in north‐western Saudi Arabia, including Kilwa and the Camel Site near Sakaka. We determined the areal densities of Mn and Fe in rock varnish that had accumulated on petroglyph surfaces since their creation, complemented by a detailed analysis of varnish samples. We inferred varnish accumulation rates by relating the Mn areal density on inscriptions to their ages estimated based on the type of script used. Applying these rates to the varnish densities on the rock art indicated that the art was produced during two distinct periods, corresponding to the Pre‐Pottery/Late Neolithic and the Bronze/Iron Age, respectively, with different artistic traditions, reflecting distinct socioeconomic and ecological conditions. Our dating approach, while admittedly burdened with substantial uncertainties, yields ages consistent with archaeological and historical evidence and it provides a unique quantitative tool to obtain at least rough ages for otherwise undatable rock art.
Glandular structures in the major interlobular and extrapancreatic ducts in the guinea pig
Authors: Gal Adrian Florin , Rus Vasile , Martonos Cristian , Damian Aurel , Pivariu Dalma , Chende Adriana , Miclăuș Viorel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe morphology of the pancreatic duct system did not receive much attention as compared to the microanatomy of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. The histological peculiarities of the excretory duct system are of major importance especially in laboratory animals like guinea pigs. The paper describes the histological peculiarities of the major interlobular and extrapancreatic ducts in guinea pigs. The pancreatic tissue samples were collected from five guinea pigs. For histological investigation, several pancreatic fragments underwent fixation in 10% buffered formalin and were later processed by the standard paraffin technique. Subsequentially, tissue sections were stained by Goldner's trichrome staining. The mucous substances were assessed by Alcian blue and Periodic acid–Schiff staining methods. The interlobular and main pancreatic ducts in the guinea pig present a simple columnar epithelium surrounded by a thick layer of dense connective tissue. The aforementioned epithelium of the main pancreatic ducts includes principal cells, goblet cells and basal cells. Additionally, the ductal epithelium presents occasional unicellular multiloculated intraepithelial mucous glands and prominent extraepithelial glands. The latter adopts a simple or compound tubular feature. The mucus elaborated by the three glandular types is mostly neutral in goblet cells, predominantly acidic in extraepithelial ductal glands, and a similar amount of acidic and neutral mucin in intraepithelial glands. In conclusion, the epithelium‐associated mucous glands in the interlobular and main pancreatic ducts in the guinea pig are restricted not only to goblet cells. A substantial mucous discharge probably with a protecting role against irritative pancreatic juice derives from the main ductal intraepithelial and extraepithelial glands.
How strong is the housing assets pillar of funding for residential aged care?
Authors: Howe Anna L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore reasons for the gap between the perception that high home ownership provides a strong pillar of funding for aged care accommodation and the actuality of half of those in residential care having this cost met by the Accommodation Supplement.MethodsReview of data from Australian Bureau of Statistics and administrative sources, and recent research studies.ResultsTrends in payment methods show continuing reliance on the Accommodation Supplement. Reasons are found in patterns of home ownership at older ages, changes in tenure and living arrangements over the age range, and increasing use of the exchange value of housing assets. Policy tensions arise between protecting access for low means residents and requiring those who are able to pay to do so.ConclusionsThe housing assets pillar at advanced ages is not as strong as early in retirement and makes it increasingly unreliable as a source of funding.
Validation of registration of pharmacological treatment in the Danish Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Registers
Authors: Schelde Astrid Blicher , Petersen Janne , Jensen Thomas Bo , Gromov Kirill , Overgaard Søren , Olesen Jonas Bjerring , Jimenez‐Solem Espen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to validate registration of pharmacological treatment in the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register (DHR) and Danish Knee Arthroplasty Register (DKR). We conducted a population‐based study in the Capital Region of Denmark, January 2012 to April 2016. Positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for antithrombotic, antihemorrhagic and antibiotic treatment registered in the DHR and DKR using electronic health records as the reference standard. For the DHR, the PPV and sensitivity were 77.9% (95% CI: 77.2‐78.6) and 99.6% (95% CI: 99.4‐99.7) for antithrombotic treatment, 70.9% (95% CI: 70.1‐71.7) and 97.4% (95% CI: 97.1‐97.7) for antihemorrhagic treatment, and 82.9% (95% CI: 82.2‐83.5) and 99.4% (95% CI: 99.3‐99.5) for antibiotic treatment, respectively. For the DKR, the PPV and sensitivity were 80.6% (95% CI: 79.8‐81.4) and 99.6% (95% CI: 99.4‐99.7) for antithrombotic treatment, and 84.4% (95% CI: 83.7‐85.1) and 100.0% (95% CI: 99.9‐100.0) for antibiotic treatment, respectively. The PPV and sensitivity for overall pharmacological treatment registered in the DHR and DKR were generally high and acceptable for use in research.