bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which behaviour change techniques within interventions to prevent weight gain and/or initiate weight loss improve adiposity outcomes in young adults? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ashton Lee M. , Sharkey Thomas , Whatnall Megan C. , Haslam Rebecca L. , Bezzina Aaron , Aguiar Elroy J. , Collins Clare E. , Hutchesson Melinda J. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryYoung adulthood is associated with the highest rate of weight gain compared with any other adult age group. This review evaluates the effectiveness of interventions with adiposity outcomes among young adults and identifies which behaviour change techniques (BCTs) are most effective. BCT utilization was assessed using Michie's 93‐item BCT Taxonomy v1. Six electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials assessing change in adiposity in young adults (17‐35 years) until December 2019; identifying 21,582 articles. Fifty‐one studies were included. Meta‐analyses for weight (n=19 studies), body mass index (BMI) (n=20 studies), and waist circumference (n=10 studies) demonstrated no significant between‐group differences at ≤3 or >3 months. There were no differences between interventions focusing on weight loss or weight‐gain prevention. Narrative synthesis showed significant between‐group differences in weight change, favouring the intervention in 14/43 (33%) studies. In studies assessing BMI and waist circumference, this was 31% (11/36) and 25% (4/16). Two BCTs had a percentage effectiveness ratio >50% in weight loss interventions; social support (unspecified) and self‐monitoring behaviour, and one in weight‐gain prevention interventions; and goal‐setting (outcome). Findings demonstrate initial potential for these types of BCTs and can help build cumulative evidence towards delivering effective, cost‐efficient, and replicable interventions.
Homology of posterior interray plates in crinoids: a review and new perspectives from phylogenetics, the fossil record and development
Authors: Ausich William I. , Wright David F. , Cole Selina R. , Sevastopulo George D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite their importance for understanding phylogeny, character evolution and classification, well‐constrained homology relationships for posterior plating in crinoids have only recently been attempted. Here, we re‐evaluate posterior plate homologies in all major crinoid lineages using development, fossil ontogenies and phylogenetic evidence. Based on these lines of evidence, we change terminology for some posterior plates to correct misnomers and make recommendations for updated terminology of others to better reflect homology. Among pentacrinoids (disparids, hybocrinids, eucladids, flexibles and articulates) the relative position of posterior interray plates, not their topology, reflects homology. From proximal to distal, pentacrinoid posterior plates are the radianal, anal X and right sac plate, regardless of the total number of plates in the adult calyx. Camerate posterior plating contrasts with pentacrinoids, but insufficient data are available to resolve homology relationships between these two clades. More examples of early post‐larval ontogeny are needed in camerates and other Palaeozoic crinoids.
Desmopressin response in nocturnal enuresis showing concentrated urine
Authors: Akagawa Shohei , Tsuji Shoji , Akagawa Yuko , Yamanouchi Sohsaku , Kimata Takahisa , Kaneko Kazunari 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Japan, the use of desmopressin (1‐desamino‐8‐D‐arginine vasopressin) is only recommended for nocturnal enuresis with unconcentrated first morning urine, which suggests a relative deficiency of antidiuretic hormone secretion during sleep. However, no such limitations have been described in a standardization document of the International Children’s Continence Society. We aimed to determine whether desmopressin treatment induces any response in nocturnal enuresis with concentrated first morning urine.MethodsOutpatients aged 6–15 years who exhibited monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis were examined. Data were obtained from 41 treatment‐naive patients (median age 9.7 years) with nocturnal enuresis, who received desmopressin as their first line of treatment. The patients were divided into two groups demonstrating unconcentrated (osmolality < 800 mOsm/L, Low‐Osm group) and concentrated (osmolality ≥ 800 mOsm/L, High‐Osm group) first morning urine, respectively; we compared the response to desmopressin treatment between the groups at 1 month after the administration or updosing of desmopressin; responses were defined as partial or complete according to the International Children’s Continence Society standards. Mann–Whitney U‐tests or Fisher’s exact tests were used for analysis.ResultsThe Low‐Osm (median age 9.6 years) and High‐Osm groups (median age 9.7 years) had 14 and 27 patients, respectively; the response rates to desmopressin treatment were 64.3% and 59.2%, respectively, indicating no significant differences (P = 0.99).ConclusionDesmopressin treatment may be a feasible option for treating nocturnal enuresis with concentrated first morning urine.
The sociology of intellectuals in the 20th and 21st century
Authors: Želinský Dominik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSociologists have treated intellectuals and their ideas for a long time as mere products of external social structures. Recently, however, researchers shifted their focus to cultural explanations, appreciating more fully the role cultural structures play in shaping their biographical trajectories and success. At the same time, I argue that these theories do not fully integrate the insight of performance theories and focus usually on textual self‐presentation of intellectuals. Although such an approach is valuable, I propose that sociologists should pay attention also to the processes of meaning‐making that make up intellectual appeal on stage. In the second part of the paper, I argue that the sociology of intellectuals has been for too long obsessed with questions of success and prestige, and I propose that sociologists should shift their attention to the underappreciated and marginalised among intellectuals.
Parliamentary Questions as an Instrument for Geographic Representation: The Hard Case of Portugal
Authors: Borghetto Enrico , Santana‐Pereira José , Freire André 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article asks whether and why, in a system lacking electoral incentives to cultivate personal votes, MPs might choose to signal to geographic constituents. It explores this question by analysing the number of written parliamentary questions submitted to the Portuguese parliament on two issues – unemployment and crime – between 2009 and 2015, and asking if MPs are more inclined to table questions on specific issues when their districts suffer particularly from related problems. The article finds evidence that constituency‐level problem pressure does matter for the signalling activities of MPs, although policy specialization remains the main driver of their issue emphasis. This finding contributes new knowledge to the ongoing debate on the factors accounting for the representative relationship between MPs and constituents, by drawing attention to the importance of district‐level problem pressure as one of the drivers of issue sponsorship in parliament.
Is All Politics Indeed Local? A Comparative Study of Dual Mandate‐Holders’ Role Attitudes and Behaviours in Parliament
Authors: Van de Voorde Nicolas , de Vet Benjamin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe practice of dual mandate‐holding, i.e. the simultaneous occupation of a political mandate at the (sub)national and the local level, is understudied in the comparative literature. Dual mandate‐holders embody the most direct link between local and central government, yet research has disregarded whether these actors actually feel and act as local ambassadors in parliament. In this article, we study whether councillors in parliament feel responsive for local grievances in terms of their respective role attitudes and behaviour, using the PARTIREP Comparative MP Survey. The estimated regression models demonstrate that dual mandate‐holders indeed perceive themselves as local brokers, even when controlling for various systemic‐, party‐ and individual‐level factors. On the other hand, they struggle to translate their localized attitudes into localized parliamentary behaviour, which could call one of the main arguments in favour of dual mandate‐holding into question.
Visual and refractive outcomes and complications in femtosecond laser-assisted versus conventional phacoemulsification cataract surgery: findings from a randomised, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Dzhaber Daliya , Mustafa Osama M , Alsaleh Fares , Daoud Yassine J 
Published: February 2020

Background/aimTo compare visual and refractive outcomes, changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), and complications of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) to conventional phacoemulsification surgery (CPS) in paired eyes from the same patients.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of an intraindividual, randomised, controlled clinical trial including 110 paired eyes from 55 patients that were randomised into either FLACS or CPS groups. Outcomes were recorded at baseline and postoperatively during a 3-month follow-up period.ResultsUncorrected distance visual acuity and corrected distance visual acuity were similar between FLACS and CPS over the follow-up period (p>0.05). The mean absolute refractive error was not significantly different between the two groups at postoperative month 1 (POM1) (0.3±0.2 D in FLACS vs 0.4±0.3 D in CPS, p=0.18) and month 3 (POM3) (0.3±0.3 D in FLACS vs 0.3±0.3 D in CPS, p=0.71). IOP was statistically higher in the FLACS group on postoperative day 1 (20.6±5.7 mm Hg for FLACS and 18.0±4.9 mm Hg for CPS, p=0.01). However, it was similar between the two groups subsequently (p>0.05). Intraoperatively, one case of posterior capsular block syndrome was observed in the FLACS group. Postoperatively, one case of newly developed glaucoma was observed in the FLACS group and one case of retinal tears in the CPS group.ConclusionThe 3-month postoperative refractive and visual outcomes were comparable between FLACS and CPS in paired eyes from the same patients. Complication rate was low in the study population.
ORCA study: real-world versus reading centre assessment of disease activity of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD)
Authors: Liakopoulos Sandra , Spital Georg , Brinkmann Christian K , Schick Tina , Ziemssen Focke , Voegeler Jessica , Koch Mirja , Kirchhof Bernd , Holz Frank G , Pauleikhoff Daniel , Schmitz-Valckenberg Steffen 
Published: February 2020

Background/aimsThe prospective, non-interventional ORCA module of the OCEAN study (Observation of Treatment Patterns with Lucentis in Approved Indications) evaluated the qualiy of spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) image interpretation and treatment decisions by clinicians in Germany and the impact on visual outcomes over 24 months in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).Methods2286 SD-OCT scans of 205 eyes were independently evaluated by clinicians and reading centres (RCs) regarding signs of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) activity, including presence of intraretinal fluid, subretinal fluid, and/or increase in pigment epithelial detachments. Agreement between clinicians and RCs was calculated. Treatment decisions by clinicians and the impact on treatment outcomes were evaluated.ResultsCNV activity was detected by RCs on 1578 scans (69.0%) and by clinicians on 1392 scans (60.9%), with agreement in 74.9% of cases. Of the 1578 scans with RC detected CNV activity, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections were performed by clinicians in only 35.5% (560/1578). In 19.7% of cases (311/1578), lack of treatment was justified by patients request, termination criteria or chronic cystoid spaces without other signs for CNV activity. In 44.8% of cases (707/1578) with RC detected CNV activity, clinicians claimed no treatment was necessary despite having correctly detected CNV activity in about 2/3 of these cases. In 34% of cases with presumed undertreatment, visual acuity declined in the following visit.ConclusionAlthough broad agreement on CNV activity parameters was observed between clinicians and RCs, correct identification of CNV activity did not always lead to the initiation of (re-)treatment. To preserve vision over time, correct interpretation of SD-OCT scans and careful retreatment decisions are required.Trial registration numberNCT02194803.
Comparative study of treatment interventions for patellar tendinopathy: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: López-Royo Maria Pilar , Gómez-Trullén Eva Maria , Ortiz-Lucas Maria , Galán-Díaz Rita Maria , Bataller-Cervero Ana Vanessa , Al-Boloushi Zaid , Hamam-Alcober Yasmina , Herrero Pablo 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionPatellar tendinopathy is a degenerative disease of the patellar tendon, which affects athletes from a variety of sports, and is especially predominant in sports involving high-impact jumping. The aim of this study is to determine the additional effect of two interventions combined with eccentric exercise and compare which one is the most effective at short-term and long-term follow-up for patients with patellar tendinopathy.Methods and analysisThis study is a randomised controlled trial with blinded participants. Measurements will be carried out by a specially trained blinded assessor. A sample of 57 patients with a medical diagnosis of patellar tendinopathy will participate in this study and will be divided into three treatment groups. Eligible participants will be randomly allocated to receive either: (a) treatment group with percutaneous needle electrolysis, (b) treatment group with dry needling or (c) treatment group with placebo needling. In addition, all groups will perform eccentric exercise. Functionality and muscle strength parameters, pain, ultrasound appearances and patient perceived quality of life shall be evaluated using the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment for patellar (VISA-P), jump tests, Visual Analogue Scale, ultrasound images and Short Form-36 (SF-36), respectively. Participants will be assessed at baseline, at 10 weeks and at 22 weeks after baseline. The expected findings will allow us to advance in the treatment of this injury, as they will help determine whether a needling intervention has additional effects on an eccentric exercise programme and whether any of the needling modalities is more effective than the other.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Aragon (N° PI15/0017). The trial will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.Trial registration numberNCT02498795
Patient safety in ambulatory care from the patient's perspective: a retrospective, representative telephone survey
Authors: Geraedts Max , Krause Svenja , Schneider Michael , Ortwein Annette , Leinert Johannes , de Cruppé Werner 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesData on patient safety problems (PSPs) in ambulatory care are scarce. The aim of the study was to record the frequency, type, severity and point of origin of PSPs in ambulatory care in Germany.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional study.SettingComputer-assisted telephone interviews with randomly recruited citizens aged ≥40 years in Germany who were asked about their experiences with PSPs in ambulatory care.Participants10 037 citizens ≥40 years.MeasuresA new questionnaire was developed to record patient experiences with PSPs in ambulatory care. The study reported here targets patient experiences in the last 12 months. The questionnaire focuses on PSPs in seven areas of medical treatment: anamnesis/diagnostic procedures; medication; vaccination, injection, infusion; aftercare; outpatient surgery; office administration; other areas. For each PSP reported, detailed questions were asked about the specialist group concerned, and, on the most serious harm, the severity of the harm and its consequences. The target parameters are presented as proportions with 95% CIs.Results1422 of the respondents (14%) reported 2589 PSPs. The areas most frequently affected by PSPs were anamnesis/diagnostic procedures (61%) and medication (15%). General practitioners accounted for 44% of PSPs, orthopaedists for 15% and internists for 10%. 75% of PSPs were associated with harm, especially unnecessarily prolonged pain or deterioration of health; 35% of PSPs led to permanent harm. 804 PSPs (32%) prompted patients to see another doctor for additional treatment; 255 PSPs (10%) required inpatient treatment.ConclusionPSPs experienced by patients are widespread in ambulatory care in Germany. The study reveals in which areas of medical treatment efforts to prevent PSPs could make the greatest contribution to improving patient safety. It also demonstrates the valuable contribution of patient reports to the analysis of PSPs.
Risks of developing ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease in relation to silica dust exposure in Sweden: a case–control study
Authors: Wallden Albin , Graff Pål , Bryngelsson Ing-Liss , Fornander Louise , Wiebert Pernilla , Vihlborg Per 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo determine whether occupational exposure to silica dust causes an increased risk of developing Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).DesignCase–control study of CD (K50) and UC (K51) from 2007 through 2016. Controls were matched to cases (2:1) based on age, sex and county at the time of diagnosis. A job exposure matrix was used to estimate the occupational silica exposure of all cases and controls.SettingMedical and occupational data from the National Outpatient Register were used to implement a case–control analysis, while the two controls used for each case were selected from the National Register of the Total Population.ParticipantsAll men and women aged 20–65 years old who were diagnosed with CD (K50) and UC (K51) during the years of study were included and assigned two controls, resulting in 58 136 cases and 116 272 controls.Main outcomesSilica dust exposure correlates with an increased risk of developing UC in men and CD in women.ResultsThe prevalence of UC was significantly higher in the group exposed to silica dust (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.21) than in controls, particularly in individuals with over 5 years exposure. When stratified by sex, a significantly increased OR was detected for men (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.22). This trend was also consistent with longer exposure times. The prevalence of UC was not increased in exposed women. The prevalence of CD was significantly increased among exposed women (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.65), but not for exposed men.ConclusionsSilica dust exposure correlates with an increased risk of developing UC, especially in men, and the risk seems to increase with the duration and degree of exposure. Conversely, silica dust exposure correlates positively with the risk of developing CD in women.
Spatiotemporal trends in cattle lungworm disease (Dictyocaulus viviparus) in Great Britain from 1975 to 2014
Authors: McCarthy Catherine , van Dijk Jan 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundClinical disease caused by the bovine lungworm (Dictyocaulus viviparus) causes significant welfare and economic problems for the livestock industry. Anecdotal reports suggest that the number of clinical cases has increased, particularly in Northern England and Scotland. However, these spatiotemporal changes have not been quantified and the current impact that the disease is having across Great Britain remains unclear.MethodsHere, we report a retrospective analysis of the spatial distribution, seasonality and age of lungworm cases reported by the Veterinary Investigation Diagnosis Analysis database from 1975 to 2014.ResultsA sharp overall increase in the dictyocaulosis diagnostic rate (DR, cases / 1000 submissions) was observed, with, for example, median 2010–2014 DR 3.5 times as high as 1980–1984 DR. Such increases were most pronounced for Scotland, which became the region with the highest proportion of cases by 2009. Cases were increasingly diagnosed during the winter months (December–February).ConclusionThe apparent spatiotemporal changes in lungworm epidemiology pose new challenges to cattle farmers in Great Britain. Farmers and veterinarians need to remain vigilant for this disease and consider it as a possible cause for milk production losses at any time of the year. Awareness levels may have to be raised particularly in northern England and Scotland.
Constraining top-quark couplings combining top-quark and $$\varvec{B}$$ decay observables
Authors: Bißmann Stefan , Erdmann Johannes , Grunwald Cornelius , Hiller Gudrun , Kröninger Kevin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present a first, consistent combination of measurements from top-quark and B physics to constrain top-quark properties within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of this approach and detail the ingredients required for a proper combination of observables from different energy scales. Specifically, we employ measurements of the $$t\bar{t}\gamma $$tt¯γ cross section together with measurements of the $$\bar{B}\rightarrow X_s\gamma $$B¯→Xsγ branching fraction to test the Standard Model and look for new physics contributions to the couplings of the top quark to the gauge bosons within SMEFT. We perform fits of three Wilson coefficients of dimension-six operators considering only the individual observables as well as their combination to demonstrate how the complementarity between top-quark and B physics observables allows to resolve ambiguities and significantly improves the constraints on the Wilson coefficients. No significant deviation from the Standard Model is found with present data.
Five dimensional Chern–Simons gravity for the expanded (anti)-de Sitter gauge group $${\hbox {C}}_5$$
Authors: Paixão Matheus M. A. , Piguet Olivier 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study the Hamiltonian dynamics of a five-dimensional Chern–Simons theory for the gauge algebra $$C_5$$C5 of Izaurieta, Rodriguez and Salgado, the so-called $$\hbox {S}_H$$SH-expansão of the 5D (anti-)de Sitter algebra (a)ds, based on the cyclic group $${\mathbb {Z}}_4$$Z4. The theory consists of a 1-form field containing the (a)ds gravitation variables and 1-form field transforming in the adjoint representation of (a)ds. The gravitational part of the action necessarily contains a term quadratic in the curvature, beyond the Einstein–Hilbert and cosmological terms, for any choice of the two independent coupling constants. The total action is also invariant under a new local symmetry, called “crossed diffeomorphisms”, beyond the usual space-time diffeomorphisms. The number of physical degrees of freedom is computed. The theory is shown to be “generic” in the sense of Bañados, Garay and Henneaux, i.e., the constraint associated to the time diffeomorphisms is not independent from the other constraints.