bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differing Progression to Posterior Glottic Stenosis in Autoimmune and Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Dion Gregory R. , De la Chapa Julian S. , Bettenhausen Whitney , Dominguez Laura M. , Simpson C. Blake 
Published: September 2020

Objectives/HypothesisWe sought to characterize rates of progression to posterior glottic stenosis (PGS) from autoimmune or idiopathic subglottic stenosis.Study DesignThis was a retrospective review.MethodsPatients from a tertiary‐care laryngology practice over a 10‐year period with autoimmune or idiopathic subglottic stenosis (SGS) were included. Patients with a history of prolonged intubation or other causes of iatrogenic stenosis were excluded. PGS was confirmed on videostrobolaryngoscopy recordings by a fellowship‐trained laryngologist. PGS type (1–4) was also recorded. Demographic information was recorded, and if applicable, autoimmune disease type was specified. Time until PGS was recorded along with the number of interventions. Chi‐squared analysis was used to compare PGS in autoimmune and idiopathic SGS.ResultsA total of 77 patients were identified with autoimmune (32 patients) or idiopathic (45 patients) subglottic stenosis. Autoimmune pathologies included systemic lupus erythematosus, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), rheumatoid arthritis, relapsing polychondritis, and sarcoidosis, with GPA the most common (14/32). Patients with autoimmune SGS had a higher rate of PGS (10 of 32) compared to idiopathic subglottic stenosis (1 of 45) for an odds ratio of 20 (95% CI: 2.4–166.4, P = .006). Patients with idiopathic SGS were more likely to be female (all 45 compared to 29/32 autoimmune, P = .07) and older (mean 53 (range 29–75) compared to 46 (20–82), P = .02).ConclusionsIn this large patient cohort, autoimmune SGS patients were found to have a higher likelihood of developing PGS compared to their idiopathic counterparts, suggesting that counseling for this progression may be warranted.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1816–1820, 2021
Tracheal Resection in the Management of Thyroid Cancer: An Evidence‐Based Approach
Authors: Allen Meredith , Spillinger Aviv , Arianpour Khashayar , Johnson Jared , Johnson Andrew P. , Folbe Adam J. , Hotaling Jeffrey , Svider Peter F. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveDetermine the effect of patient demographics and surgical approach on patient outcomes after tracheal resection in the management of thyroid cancer.Study DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsSystematic review of literature was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library to identify patients with thyroid carcinoma who underwent tracheal resection. Pooled estimates for patient demographics, presenting findings, complications, and outcomes are determined using random‐effects meta‐analyses.ResultsNinety‐six relevant studies encompassing 1,179 patients met inclusion criteria. Meta‐analysis pooled rates of complications: 1.7% (confidence interval [CI] 0.8–2.5; P < .001; I2 = 1.85%) airway complications, 2.8% (CI 1.6–3.9; P < .001; I2 = 13.34%) bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, 2.2% (CI 1.2–3.1; P < .001; I2 = 6.72%) anastomotic dehiscence. Circumferential resection pooled estimates major complications, locoregional recurrence, distal recurrence, overall survival: 14.1% (CI 8.3–19.9; P < .001; I2 = 35.26%), 15% (CI 9.6–20.3; P < .001; I2 = 38.2%), 19.7% (CI 13.7–25.8; P < .001; I2 = 28.83%), 74.5% (CI 64.4–84.6; P < .001; I2 = 85.07%). Window resection estimates: 19.8% (CI 6.9–32.8; P < .001; I2 = 18.83%) major complications, 25.6% (CI 5.1–46.1; P < .014; I2 = 84.68%) locoregional recurrence, 15.6% (CI 9.7–21.5; P < .001; I2 = 0%) distal recurrence, 77.1% (CI 58–96.2; P < .001; I2 = 78.77%) overall survival.ConclusionManagement of invasive thyroid carcinoma may require tracheal resection to achieve locoregional control. Nevertheless, postoperative complications are not insignificant, and therefore this risk cannot be overlooked when counseling patients perioperatively. Laryngoscope, 131:932–946, 2021
Electrodiagnostic testing in acute facial palsy: Outcomes and comparison of methods
Authors: Andresen Nicholas S. , Zhu Vivian , Lee Andrew , Sebetka Wendy , Kimura Jun , Hansen Marlan R. , Gantz Bruce J. , Sun Daniel Q. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo study the relationship between various electrodiagnostic modalities in acute facial palsy.SettingAcademic tertiary care center.PatientsOne‐hundred and six patients who presented with traumatic or non‐traumatic acute facial paralysis (House‐Brackmann, HB, grade 6/6) between 2008 and 2017 and underwent acute electrodiagnostic testing.InterventionElectroneurography (ENoG) using nasolabial fold (NLF) or nasalis muscle (NM) methods, and volitional electromyography (EMG) in all patients.Main outcome measuresPercent degeneration of ipsilateral facial nerve compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) on NLF‐ and NM‐ENoG, presence or absence of muscle unit potentials (MUPs) on EMG.ResultsExtent of facial nerve degeneration measured by NLF‐ and NM‐ENoG were highly correlated (r = 0.85, P < .01) on each test and on serial testing. NLF‐ and NM‐ENoG concordantly diagnosed ≥90% degeneration in 44 patients (80%), of whom 32 patients were diagnosed to have 100% degeneration by both methodologies. Absence of MUPs on EMG was 63% sensitive and 92% specific for ≥90% degeneration on ENoG, with a positive predictive value of 90%. For patients with Bell's palsy, percent degeneration on ENoG was also correlated to HB score at 1 year. Surgical decompression resulted in mean HB scores of 2.2 and 3.0 for patients with Bell's palsy and trauma, respectively.ConclusionsNM‐ENoG may be a valid and comparable method to NLF‐ENoG for predicting the recovery of facial nerve function in acute paralysis. Absence of MUPs on EMG is a specific measure of severe degeneration and highly predictive of candidacy for surgical decompression.Level of evidenceLevel 3.
Nonlinear Volume Holography in 3D Nonlinear Photonic Crystals
Authors: Liu Shan , Mazur Leszek Mateusz , Krolikowski Wieslaw , Sheng Yan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNonlinear photonic crystals (NPCs) are transparent materials with a space‐dependent (often periodic) second‐order nonlinearity, which have been used extensively for the generation and control of coherent light at new frequencies. Thanks to recently introduced fabrication techniques capable of 3D nonlinearity engineering, explorations of nonlinear wave interaction with improved or unique functionalities of 3D configurations become possible. Here, the experimental example of nonlinear volume holography based on 3D NPCs is presented. The 3D modulation of nonlinearity enables reconstruction of optical beams at new frequency with predesigned phase and amplitude structures. Furthermore, a simultaneous synchronization of phase velocities of the fundamental reading beam and the generated new frequency beam ensures increased conversion efficiency. A proof‐of‐concept nonlinear holographic reconstruction of second harmonic vortex beam is obtained with an optically induced 3D nonlinear volume hologram in ferroelectric calcium barium niobate crystal. The results show the nonlinear volume holography based on 3D NPC provides a novel promising approach for efficient realization of optical complex beams at new frequencies, paving the way for applications in all‐optical signal processing, super‐resolution imaging, and 3D laser displays.
Effects of Al3+ concentration in hydrothermal solution on the microstructural and corrosion resistance properties of fabricated MgO ceramic layer on AZ31 magnesium alloy
Authors: Wang Zhihu , Zhang Jumei , Bai Lijing , Zhang Guojun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPorous magnesium oxide (MgO) ceramic layers were prepared on AZ31 magnesium alloy via microarc oxidation (MAO) and sustained hydrothermal treatment at 90°C for 18 h in alkaline zinc nitrate solution with varying Al3+ concentrations. Increasing the Al3+ concentration advanced the formation of layered double hydroxide (LDH) films on the MgO ceramic layers, enabling the sealing of micropoles and cracks via in situ growing. Electrochemical and immersion test results indicated that the MAO/hydrothermal treatment‐prepared LDH/MgO composite coatings achieved increased corrosion resistance than single MAO ceramic layers, due to the sealing effect and ion‐exchange capacity of LDHs. Furthermore, as Al3+ concentration in hydrothermal solution increased, the anticorrosion properties of the composite coatings were enhanced. Concludingly, LDH/MgO composite coatings could provide augmented long‐term anticorrosion protection for magnesium alloys compared with single MAO ceramic layers.
A Thermosetting Polyurethane with Excellent Self‐Healing Properties and Stability for Metal Surface Coating
Authors: Xu Heng , Tu Jing , Xiang Guifeng , Zhang Yang , Guo Xiaode 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSelf‐healing performance of materials can greatly improve the life of materials and reduce their maintenance costs. Therefore, preparation of self‐healing coating materials is expected to be the development trend of coating materials. In this paper, thermosetting polyurethane material (HTPB‐PG‐SS‐TDI) is designed with excellent mechanical performance, thermal stability, acid–base resistance property, and self‐healing capability by introducing SS (4,4‐dihydroxy diphenyl dithioether) into thermosetting polyurethane chain. Maximum stress of the polyurethane is up to 2.65 MPa, Maximum strain can reach 700%. Self‐healing efficiency of stress can reach above 95%, and it also has efficient function of healing scratch, self‐healing efficiency of scratch is excellent. The polyurethane material is applied to the metal surface coating, which has remarkable self‐healing function to the scratches on the metal surface and significant acid–base resistance. It can be applied to metal surface protection to provide guidance for future research on infrastructure surface coating.
Favorable Thermoresponsive Shape Memory Effects of 3D Printed Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(ε‐Caprolactone) Blends Fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Liu Hao , He Hui , Huang Bai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe shape of 3D printed products can be transformed over time, achieving 4D printing. In this work, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) blends are fabricated via fused deposition modeling (FDM). The thermoresponsive shape memory effects (SMEs) of 3D printed blends are investigated by stress‐controlled dynamic mechanical analysis in tension mode. The SME mechanism is clarified in detail, along with the crystallization and melting behaviors, dynamic mechanical properties, and morphologies of PLA/PCL blends. It is confirmed that the crystallinity of reversible phase PCL, the glass transition behavior of fixed phase PLA and the two‐phase interfaces have important effects on the shape memory performance. Furthermore, the SME can be tuned by optimizing printing parameters. The 3D printed product fabricated with raster angle of 45°/−45°, infill density of 80%, and layer thickness of 0.05 mm exhibits a favorable SME at the deformation temperature of 65 °C. Shape memory products fabricated via FDM technology have great application potential for 4D printing.
3D Printing of High‐Performance Isocyanate Ester Thermosets
Authors: Wu Tao , Jiang Pan , Ji Zhongying , Guo Yuxiong , Wang Xiaolong , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh‐performance materials for 3D printing are increasingly desired to meet more and more requirements from various fields including aerospace and high‐tech equipment. In this study, 3D printing of isocyanate ester thermosets with high performances, such as excellent mechanical properties and thermal resistance, is realized with a facile method. A precursor of acrylate isocyanate ester with good photocuring capability is first synthesized with the reaction of tolylene‐2,4‐diisocyanate and hydroxypropyl acrylate. Then, mixed with diluent NeoRad U‐6282 and photoinitiator Irgacure 819, it forms ultraviolet curable resins for 3D printing. The digital light processing 3D printing of the resins results in high‐precision 3D structures, which finally turn out high‐performance thermoset materials after the cross‐linking of isocyanate groups at elevated temperature. 3D printing of isocyanate ester thermosets with high printing accuracy, excellent mechanical properties, and good heat resistance will expand the applications of 3D printing by meeting the high demands from many industries on both mechanical and thermal performance.
A Spirocyclic Parabanic Acid Masked N‐Heterocyclic Carbene as Thermally Latent Pre‐Catalyst for Polyamide 6 Synthesis and Epoxide Curing
Authors: Altmann Hagen J. , Frey Wolfgang , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract1,3‐Dicyclcohexyl‐6,9‐dimethyl‐1,3,6,9‐tetraazaspiro[4.4]non‐7‐ene‐2,4‐dione, a spirocyclic parabanic acid derivative of N,N‐dimethylimidazole, is used as thermally latent, protected N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in polymerizing anhydride‐cured epoxide resins, and azepan‐2‐one, respectively. The protected carbene is synthesized from 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium‐2‐carboxylate in the presence of two equivalents of cyclohexyl isocyanate. In the synthesis of epoxide resin thermosets, this class of latent NHC allows the production of fast and fully cured materials with high crosslinking content. Fast and complete conversion is found in the anionic ring opening polymerization (AROP) of azepan‐2‐one (ε‐caprolactam, CLA) with and without additional activators.
Efficacy of Occupational Therapy Interventions on Quality of Life in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tofani Marco , Ranieri Alessandro , Fabbrini Giovanni , Berardi Anna , Pelosin Elisa , Valente Donatella , Fabbrini Andrea , Costanzo Matteo , Galeoto Giovanni 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo review studies assessing the efficacy of occupational therapy interventions on quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease.MethodWe followed the international guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses checklist. Databases (PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, OTsekeer, Scopus, Cinhal, and Web of Science) were searched to identify randomized controlled trials of occupational therapy interventions in patients with Parkinson's disease up to 2019 and with no restriction on language. The primary outcome of the meta‐analysis was the evaluation of quality of life following occupational therapy interventions. Because of the heterogeneity of the studies, we examined the data by using a random effect model.ResultsWe identified 15 randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria, and 4 of these were included in the meta‐analysis. Studies with a follow‐up of 2 to 3 months showed that occupational therapy interventions significantly improved the quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease, with a mean difference of −2.08 (95% confidence interval, −2.52 to −1.64; P < 0.00001). Studies reporting a longer follow‐up (6–12 months) also showed that occupational therapy interventions improved the quality of life, with a mean difference of −2.56 (95% confidence interval, −3.52 to −1.61; P < 0.00001).ConclusionDifferent occupational therapy interventions may be effective in improving the quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease. However, because of the limited number of studies available, the strength of the evidence should be considered moderate.
A novel NFIA gene nonsense mutation in a Chinese patient with macrocephaly, corpus callosum hypoplasia, developmental delay, and dysmorphic features
Authors: Zhang Yan , Lin Cai Mei , Zheng Xiao Lan , Abuduxikuer Kuerbanjiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundNFIA gene (OMIM*600727) has been shown to be associated with a syndrome of central nervous system malformations (corpus callosum and ventriculomegaly) with or without urinary tract defects(BRMUTD) (OMIM#613735) with a low incidence.Methods and Results We presented the clinical data of a 3‐month‐old Chinese infant with clinical features such as thin corpus callosum, ventriculomegaly, development delay, and dysmorphic features (macrocephaly, hypertelorism, slightly pointed chin, broad forehead, and large ears). Genomic DNA was extracted for Trio Whole Exome Sequencing. Preliminary genetic tests revealed one de novo heterozygous nonsense mutation c.220 C>T (p.Arg74Ter) of the NFIA gene (NM_005595).Conclusion Genetic DNA sequencing is a crucial method for diagnosing BRMUTD. This approach enriches the genotype and spectrum of BRMUTD syndrome and the outcome of the patient.
Dynamic Classification for Materials‐Informatics: Mining the Solar Cell Space
Authors: Yosipof Abraham , Khalemsky Anna , Gelbard Roy , Senderowitz Hanoch 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ever‐growing data acquisition speed represents a challenge for data analysis in materials sciences in general and the field of solar cells in particular. This is because many unsupervised and supervised learning algorithms require model re‐derivation when presented with new samples which are markedly different from those used for model construction. Dynamic segmentation addresses this problem by continuously updating the clusters structure, for example, by splitting old clusters or opening new ones, as new samples are presented. In this work we present the application of a Dynamic Classification Unit (DCU) to the study of the photovoltaic space. Using a database of 1165 metal oxide‐based solar cells, constructed from five libraries, we demonstrate that the DCU algorithm, when initiated with only 10 % of the database, correctly classified 82 % of the remaining, 90 % samples. At the same time the algorithm unveiled the presence of interesting trends, outliers and compositional activity cliffs. These abilities may prove useful for the analysis of the photovoltaic space and in turn may contribute to the design of solar cells with improved properties. We suggest that DCU and other dynamic clustering methods will find wide applications in the rapidly developing field of materials informatics.
Improved Glucose Intolerance through a Distinct Mouse Olfactory Receptor 23‐Induced Signaling Pathway Mediating Glucose Uptake in Myotubes and Adipocytes
Authors: Kang Wesuk , Zhang Kelun , Tong Tao , Park Taesun 
Published: September 2020

ScopeIt is aimed to determine the role of mouse olfactory receptor 23 (MOR23) in regulation of glucose uptake in myotubes and adipocytes and investigate whether administration of a possible MOR23 ligand, α‐cedrene, attenuates the high fat diet (HFD)‐induced glucose intolerance by enhancing the OR‐mediated signaling pathway in mice.Methods and ResultsMOR23 is genetically inactivated by specific small interfering RNA in C2C12 myotubes and 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and stimulated with α‐cedrene under both basal and insulin‐stimulated conditions. In addition, Male C57BL/6N mice are fed a normal diet, HFD, or HFD supplemented with 0.2% α‐cedrene. In C2C12 myotubes and 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, genetic inactivation of MOR23 significantly decrease glucose uptake and MOR23 downstream signaling under both basal and insulin‐stimulated conditions. On the other hand, α‐cedrene‐mediated MOR23 stimulation results in increased glucose uptake and upregulation of MOR23 signaling molecules, absent in MOR23‐depleted myotubes and adipocytes. Moreover, in mice, α‐cedrene administration ameliorates HFD‐induced glucose intolerance. Activation of MOR23 signaling cascade is also confirmed in basal and insulin stimulated skeletal muscles and adipose tissues of α‐cedrene‐treated mice.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that MOR23 is a novel factor for the regulation of glucose uptake and whole‐body glucose homeostasis and has therapeutic potential for diabetes treatment.
Technical Note: Noninvasive mid‐IR fiber‐optic evanescent wave spectroscopy (FEWS) for early detection of skin cancers
Authors: Basov Svetlana , Dankner Yair , Weinstein Marcelo , Katzir Abraham , Platkov Max 
Published: September 2020

PurposeMelanoma is the most lethal of the three primary skin cancers, including also basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which are less lethal. The accepted diagnosis process involves manually observing a suspicious lesion through a Dermascope (i.e., a magnifying glass), followed by a biopsy. This process relies on the skill and the experience of a dermatologist. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no accepted automatic, noninvasive, and rapid method for the early detection of the three types of skin cancer, distinguishing between them and noncancerous lesions, and identifying each of them. It is our aim to develop such a system.MethodsWe developed a fiber‐optic evanescent wave spectroscopy (FEWS) system based on middle infrared (mid‐IR) transmitting AgClBr fibers and a Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). We used the system to perform mid‐IR spectral measurements on suspicious lesions in 90 patients, before biopsy, in situ, and in real time. The lesions were then biopsied and sent for pathology. The spectra were analyzed and the differences between pathological and healthy tissues were found and correlated.ResultsFive of the lesions measured were identified as melanomas, seven as BCC, and three as SCC. Using mathematical analyses of the spectra of these lesions we were able to tell that all were skin cancers and we found specific and easily identifiable differences between them.ConclusionsThis FEWS method lends itself to rapid, automatic and noninvasive early detection and characterization of skin cancers. It will be easily implemented in community clinics and has the potential to greatly simplify the diagnosis process.
Using Bioenergetics to Estimate Consumption of Stocked Age-0 Walleye by a Suite of Piscivores
Authors: Grausgruber Emily Elise , Weber Michael John 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Age-0 Walleye Sander vitreus are stocked throughout North America to maintain and supplement populations. Predation has been implicated as a factor limiting survival of stocked age-0 Walleye; however, the timing, duration, and extent of poststocking predation remains uncertain. Our objectives were to estimate the abundance of predators in areas adjacent to stocking locations, estimate temporal variation in the proportion of stocked age-0 Walleye (98–287 mm) in predator diets, and estimate the total proportion of stocked age-0 Walleye that were consumed. The diets of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, Northern Pike Esox lucius, and adult Walleye were examined in East Okoboji and West Okoboji lakes, Iowa, before and after age-0 Walleye stocking, and bioenergetics models were used to estimate the number of age-0 Walleye consumed from stocking through ice-up. During both years, Largemouth Bass had the highest densities in West Okoboji Lake, whereas densities of all other predators were similar in East Okoboji Lake. The highest proportions of age-0 Walleye in predator diets (up to 1.0) generally occurred within 14 d after the most recent stocking event, with the proportion of age-0 Walleye in predator diets decreasing thereafter. Northern Pike had the highest proportion of age-0 Walleye in their diets (mean ± SD = 0.12 ± 0.32 age-0 Walleye/individual) followed by Largemouth Bass (0.11 ± 0.30 age-0 Walleye/individual) and adult Walleye (0.04 ± 0.20 age-0 Walleye/individual). At the end of 2016, the estimated proportion of age-0 Walleye consumed was 0.15 ± 0.08 (95% CI) in East Okoboji Lake and 0.29 ± 0.13 in West Okoboji Lake. At the end of 2017, the estimated proportion of age-0 Walleye consumed was 0.47 ± 0.16 in East Okoboji Lake and 0.64 ± 0.02 in West Okoboji Lake. Overall, predators consumed large proportions of stocked Walleye, suggesting that alternative stocking practices should be considered.