bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selbstorganisation in Wasser mit N‐substituierten Aminen
Authors: Jiao Tianyu , Wu Guangcheng , Zhang Yang , Shen Libo , Lei Ye , Wang Cai‐Yun , Fahrenbach Albert C. , Li Hao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDie Iminsynthese hat eine lange Geschichte als dynamische kovalente Reaktion der Wahl für die Konstruktion rein kovalenter molekularer Architekturen. In organischen Lösungsmitteln ist die Entstehung von Iminbindungen reversibel, die Produkte sind aber thermodynamisch stabil. In Gegenwart von Wasser sind Iminbindungen dagegen labil, ein Umstand, der ihren Nutzen als Vermittler von Selbstorganisation in wässrigen und biologischen Medien beschränkt. In diesem Aufsatz besprechen wir wasserkompatible dynamische kovalente Bindungen auf der Basis von N‐substituierten Iminderivaten, nämlich Hydrazonen und Oximen, für die Selbstorganisation metallfreier organischer Architekturen mit gut definierten Strukturen. Wir erläutern die Gründe, warum Hydrazone und Oxime in Wasser robuster sind als ihre Ausgangsimine, und beleuchten aktuelle Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Selbstorganisation, der Charakterisierung und der Designprinzipien verschiedener komplexer Moleküle, einschließlich Makrozyklen, Käfige, Catenane und Knoten, in wässrigen Medien. Auch neue Anwendungen dieser Moleküle, einschließlich Gasterkennung und ‐abtrennung, werden besprochen.
An N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene‐Derived Distonic Radical Cation
Authors: Gallagher Nolan M. , Ye Hong‐Zhou , Feng Shuting , Lopez Jeffrey , Zhu Yun Guang , Van Voorhis Troy , Shao‐Horn Yang , Johnson Jeremiah A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present the discovery of a novel radical cation formed through one‐electron oxidation of an N‐heterocyclic carbene–carbodiimide (NHC–CDI) zwitterionic adduct. This compound possesses a distonic electronic structure (spatially separate spin and charge regions) and displays persistence under ambient conditions. We demonstrate its application in a redox‐flow battery exhibiting minimal voltage hysteresis, a flat voltage plateau, high Coulombic efficiency, and no performance decay for at least 100 cycles. The chemical tunability of NHCs and CDIs suggests that this approach could provide a general entry to redox‐active NHC–CDI adducts and their persistent radical ions for various applications.
Multicentre study of the risk of invasive cancer and use of sentinel node biopsy in women with a preoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Munck F , Clausen E W , Balslev E , Kroman N , Tvedskov T F , Holm-Rasmussen E V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the breast that is diagnosed by biopsy implies a risk of upstaging to invasive carcinoma (IC) on final pathology. These patients require a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for axillary staging. A two-stage procedure is not always feasible and precise selection of patients who should be offered SLNB is crucial. The aims were: to determine the rate of upstaging, and use of redundant and required SLNB in women with a preoperative diagnosis of DCIS; and to identify patient and tumour characteristics that increase the risk of upstaging.

Methods
Patients with DCIS treated between 2008 and 2016 were identified using Orbit operation planning system software, and those suitable for the study were selected based on review of the medical records. Upstaging rates and proportions of redundant and required SLNBs were calculated. Associations between clinicopathological characteristics and upstaging were analysed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Results
Of 1368 patients initially identified, 975 women with a preoperative diagnosis of DCIS were included in the study. Tumours in 246 of these patients (25·2 per cent) were upstaged to IC. Redundant SLNB was performed in 392 of 975 women (40·2 per cent). Forty-four patients (4·5 per cent) with a final diagnosis of IC were not offered SLNB and thus potentially undertreated. In adjusted analysis, DCIS size, palpability and mass formation identified by breast imaging were associated with increased risk of upstaging. The Van Nuys classification was not associated with upstaging.

Conclusion
Most patients with IC on final pathology underwent SLNB, but a considerable number of patients with DCIS had a redundant SLNB. Lesion size, palpability and mass formation, but not Van Nuys classification group, are suggested risk factors for upstaging.
Optimization of chromatography to overcome matrix effect for reliable estimation of four small molecular drugs from biological fluids using LC–MS/MS
Authors: Trivedi Vikas , Shah Priyanka A. , Shrivastav Pranav S. , Sanyal Mallika 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe article describes a systematic study to overcome the matrix effect during chromatographic analysis of gemfibrozil, rivastigmine, telmisartan and tacrolimus from biological fluids using LC–ESI–MS/MS. All four methods were thoroughly developed by the appropriate choice of analytical column, elution mode and pH of mobile phase for improved chromatography and overall method performance. Matrix effect was assessed by post‐column analyte infusion, slope of calibration line approach and post‐extraction spiking. The best chromatographic conditions established were: Acquity BEH C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column with 5.0 mm ammonium acetate, pH 6.0–methanol as the mobile phase under gradient program for gemfibrozil; Luna CN (50 × 2.0 mm, 3 μm) column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile–10 mm ammonium acetate, pH 7.0 (90:10, v/v) for rivastigmine; Inertsustain C18 (100 × 2.0 mm, 5 μm) column using methanol–2.0 mm ammonium formate, pH 5.5 (80: 20, v/v) as the mobile phase for isocratic elution of telmisartan; and Acquity BEH C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with methanol–10 mm ammonium acetate, pH 6.0 (95:5, v/v) as mobile phase for tacrolimus. The methods were thoroughly validated as per European Medicines Agency and US Food and Drug Administration guidance and were successfully applied for pharmacokinetic studies in healthy subjects.
EGFR enhances the stemness and progression of oral cancer through inhibiting autophagic degradation of SOX2
Authors: Lv Xiao‐Xi , Zheng Xiao‐Yu , Yu Jiao‐Jiao , Ma Hua‐Rui , Hua Cheng , Gao Run‐Tao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and correlates with poor prognosis. EGFR has been demonstrated to be associated with cancer stem cell traits in HNSCC. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is far from elucidated. Here, SOX2, one of the most important stem cell markers, was identified as a binding partner and substrate of EGFR. EGFR signaling inhibition decreases SOX2 expression by promoting its autophagic degradation. Mechanistically, EGFR activation induces SOX2 phosphorylation at the Y277 site and reduces its ubiquitination, which inhibits its association with p62 and subsequent autophagic degradation. Gefitinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, shows in vitro and in vivo protective effects against oral cancer cells that can be reversed through autophagy inhibition. Our study suggests that EGFR plays an important role in the development of cancer stem cells by stabilizing SOX2. Targeting EGFR in combination with conventional chemotherapy might be a promising strategy for the treatment of HNSCC through elimination of cancer stem cells.
Palladium‐Catalyzed [3+2] and [2+2+2] Annulations of 4‐Iodo‐2‐quinolones with Activated Alkynes through Selective C−H Activation
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Jiang Jiyue , Yasui Takeshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed reaction of 4‐iodo‐2‐quinolones with activated alkynes was investigated. Cyclopenta[de]quinoline‐2(1 H)‐ones and/or phenanthridine‐6(5 H)‐ones were obtained through [3+2] annulation involving aromatic C−H activation or [2+2+2] annulation involving vinylic C−H activation, respectively. Reasonable mechanisms for the formation of these annulation products have been proposed based on density functional theory calculations.
Facile Fabrication of Bio‐ and Dual‐Functional Poly(2‐oxazoline) Bottle‐Brush Brush Surfaces
Authors: Du Yunhao , Zhang Tao , Gieseler Dan , Schneider Maximilian , Hafner Daniel , Sheng Wenbo , Li Wei , Lange Fred , Wegener Erik , Amin Ihsan , Jordan Rainer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPoly(2‐oxazoline)s (POx) bottle‐brush brushes have excellent biocompatible and lubricious properties, which are promising for the functionalization of surfaces for biomedical devices. Herein, a facile synthesis of POx is reported which is based bottle‐brush brushes (BBBs) on solid substrates. Initially, backbone brushes of poly(2‐isopropenyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PIPOx) were fabricated via surface initiated Cu0 plate‐mediated controlled radical polymerization (SI‐Cu0CRP). Poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PMeOx) side chains were subsequently grafted from the PIPOx backbone via living cationic ring opening polymerization (LCROP), which result in ≈100 % increase in brush thickness (from 58 to 110 nm). The resultant BBBs shows tunable thickness up to 300 nm and high grafting density (σ) with 0.42 chains nm−2. The synthetic procedure of POx BBBs can be further simplified by using SI‐Cu0CRP with POx molecular brush as macromonomer (Mn=536 g mol−1, PDI=1.10), which results in BBBs surface up to 60 nm with well‐defined molecular structure. Both procedures are significantly superior to the state‐of‐art approaches for the synthesis of POx BBBs, which are promising to design bio‐functional surfaces.
High Temperature Co‐electrolysis for Power‐to‐X
Authors: Dueñas Diana María Amaya , Riedel Marc , Riegraf Matthias , Costa Rémi , Friedrich Kaspar Andreas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHigh temperature solid oxide cells are attractive electrochemical reactors to perform simultaneous reduction of steam and CO2 into syngas with the possibility of delivering a tailored composition to downstream processes. The main thermodynamic considerations, performance and impedance curves of electrolyte supported cells in co‐electrolysis are shown as a function of temperature and pressure. In dynamic operation, the thermal changes that the reactor undergoes appear stronger in co‐electrolysis mode than in steam electrolysis and should be considered in the development of operating strategies.
A buck‐boost integrated high gain non‐isolated half‐bridge series resonant converter for solar PV/battery fed multiple load LED lighting applications
Authors: Veeramallu Venkata Kondala Satyakar , S. Porpandiselvi , B. L. Narasimharaju 
Published: December 2019

SummarySolar photovoltaic (SPV) or battery fed multiple load LED lighting applications are gaining importance these days, which require independent voltage regulation and dimming control. Half‐bridge resonant converters are mostly used due to their simple structure. In this paper, a buck‐boost integrated high gain non‐isolated symmetrical half‐bridge series resonant converter is proposed for multiple load LED lighting applications. With the aid of integrated buck‐boost operation, the output voltage can be regulated below and above the nominal input voltage effectively and can produce twice the gain as compared with classical half‐bridge converters. Frequency modulation is implemented for output voltage regulation. Pulse width modulation (PWM) dimming has been adopted for illumination control. The proposed driver results in several advantages such as low cost, compact size, improved efficiency due to soft‐switching, simple control, independent dimming, and effective operation for multiple loads. Thus, the proposed non‐isolated driver configuration is well suited for SPV/battery fed multiple load LED lighting applications. The proposed configuration is tested with single LED load of 22 W and dual‐LED loads of 22 W and 43 W. There is an excellent consensus between the simulation and the experimental outcomes.
Using a trait‐based approach for assessing the vulnerability and resilience of hillslope seep wetland vegetation cover to disturbances in the Tsitsa River catchment, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Libala Notiswa , Palmer Carolyn G. , Odume Oghenekaro Nelson 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHill slope seep wetlands are ecologically and economically important ecosystems as they supply a variety of ecosystem services to society. In South Africa, livestock grazing is recognized as one of the most important disturbance factors changing the structure and function of hill slope seep wetlands. This study sought to investigate the potential effect of livestock grazing on the resilience and vulnerability of hillslope seep wetland vegetation cover using a trait‐based approach (TBA). Changes in vegetation cover were used as a surrogate for indicating grazing intensity. The degree of human disturbances was assessed using the Anthropogenic Activity Index. A TBA was developed using seven plant traits, resolved into 27 trait attributes. Based on the developed approach, plant species were grouped into vulnerable and resilient groups in relation to grazing pressure. It was then predicted that species belonging to the vulnerable group would be less dominant at the highly disturbed sites, as well as in the winter season when grazing pressure is at its peak. The approach developed enabled accurate predictions of the responses of hillslope plant species to grazing pressure seasonally, but spatially, only for the summer season. The predicted responses during the winter season across sites did not match the observed results, which could be attributed to the difficulty in species identification and accurate estimation of vegetation cover during winter. Overall, the approach developed here provides a general framework for applying the TBA and can thus be tested and applied elsewhere.
The use of quantitative sensory testing in cancer pain assessment: A systematic review
Authors: Martland Maisie E. , Rashidi Ahmad S. , Bennett Michael I. , Fallon Marie , Jones Chris , Rolke Roman , Mulvey Matthew R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize the literature on the use of quantitative sensory testing (QST) in the assessment of pain in people with cancer and to describe which QST parameters consistently demonstrate abnormal sensory processing in patients with cancer pain.Databases and Data TreatmentMedline, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, SCOPUS and CENTRAL were searched for observational or experimental studies using QST in patients with a cancer diagnosis and reporting pain. Search strategies were based on the terms “quantitative sensory testing”, “cancer”, “pain”, “cancer pain” and “assessment”. Databases were searched from inception to January 2019. Data were extracted and synthesized narratively, structured around the different QST modalities and sub‐grouped by cancer pain aetiology (tumour‐ or treatment‐related pain).ResultsSearches identified 286 records of which 18 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. Three studies included patients with tumour‐related pain, and 15 studies included patients with pain from chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Across all studies, 50% (9/18) reported sensory abnormities using thermal detection thresholds (cool and warm), 44% (8/18) reported abnormal mechanical detection thresholds using von‐Frey filaments and 39% (7/18) found abnormal pinprick thresholds. Abnormal vibration and thermal pain (heat/cold) thresholds were each reported in a third of included studies.ConclusionThis systematic review highlights the lack of published data characterizing the sensory phenotype of tumour‐related cancer pain. This has implications for our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of cancer pain. Understanding the multiple mechanisms driving cancer pain will help to move towards rational individualized analgesic treatment choices.SignificanceThis systematic review found that pain in cancer patients is associated with abnormal sensory responses to thermal, mechanical and pinprick stimuli. However, these findings are based primarily on studies of chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy and data on tumour‐related pain are lacking, warranting further research.
Sensor Platform with a Custom‐tailored Aptamer for Diagnosis of Synthetic Cannabinoids
Authors: Balaban Simge , Man Ezgi , Durmus Ceren , Bor Gulsah , Ceylan Ayse Elcin , Pinar Gumus Z. , Evran Serap , Coskunol Hakan , Timur Suna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are the large group of abused drugs and detection of them is still a challenge. Hence, new methods for analysis of SCs are being investigated. We aimed to develop a novel system for selective analysis of SCs. First, various custom‐tailored aptamers against the target SCs were selected through GO‐SELEX process. Toggling between different SC analytes during successive rounds of selection was performed to generate cross‐reactive aptamers. Then, the amino‐capped aptamers were synthesized and easily attached to the cysteamine‐covered gold electrodes. Analytical parameters and selectivity of the aptasensors were compared by using electrochemical techniques. After comparison of the analytical features and selectivity towards target analytes, one of the aptamers designated as Apta‐1 was chosen for further measurements. The aptasensor was tested by using differential pulse voltammetry technique against JWH‐018 (5‐pentanoic acid), selected as a model for SCs. The linearity and limit of detection were determined as 0.01–1.0 ng/mL and 0.036 ng/mL. Finally, sample application in synthetic urine samples was successfully performed with standard addition method, as confirmed by LC‐QTOF/MS. JWH‐018 (4‐hydroxypentyl), JWH‐073 (3‐hydroxybutyl), JWH‐250 (5‐hidroxypentyl) and HU‐210 were used to test the selectivity of the aptasensor and the system was shown to recognize all these SCs. Also other illegal drugs did not significantly interfere with the signal responses.
Touch and look: The role of visual‐haptic cues for categorical learning in primary school children
Authors: Broadbent Hannah , Osborne Tamsin , Kirkham Natasha , Mareschal Denis 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBenefits of synchronous presentation of multisensory compared to unisensory cues are well established. However, the generality of such findings to children's learning with visual and haptic sensory cue pairings is unclear. Children aged 6 to 10 years (N = 180) participated in a novel tabletop category‐learning paradigm with visual, haptic, or visuohaptic informative cues. The results indicated that combinations of complimentary visual and haptic cues facilitated learning above unisensory visual cues only in 8‐year‐old children. Primarily, however, haptic information was found to dominate children's category learning across ages, particularly in the youngest children (6‐year‐olds), even with equal discriminability of haptic and visual exemplars. These findings suggest developmental changes in the ability to effectively combine unrelated visual and haptic information for categorical learning. Implications for the use of nonpertinent visuohaptic cues in learning tasks within educational settings at different ages, and in particular the dominance of haptic stimuli for children's learning, are discussed.Highlights

A novel category learning task examined the role of unisensory and multisensory visual and haptic information in children's learning.
Haptic cues dominated learning from 6 to 10 years of age, particularly when combined with visual information in older children.
Findings infer protracted development of benefits in combining visuohaptic cues, and dominance of haptic over visual information for category learning.
The passive investment bubble
Authors: Tokic Damir 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSince the 2008 financial crisis, investors have significantly increased their allocation to passive investment vehicles, such as the exchange traded funds. At the same time, the active investment funds experienced significant outflows as their performance underperformed the major indices. As the result of these capital flows, the market participation balance potentially changed, which increased the possibility of a market bubble—which some already define as the passive investment bubble.
Prognostic value of infiltrating immune cells in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)
Authors: Liu Shiyi , Li Saijiao , Wang Yanqing , Wang Feiyan , Zhang Li , Xian Shu , Yang Dongyong , Yuan Mengqin , Dai Fangfang , Zhao Xin , Liu Yuping , Jin Yumeng , Zeng Zihang , Mahgoub Omer Kamal Ahmed , Zhou Chenliang , Cheng Yanxiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, we attempted to evaluate the prognostic value of infiltrating immune/stromal cells in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), by using the immune scores and stromal scores based on the “Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumours using Expression data” algorithm to represent the levels of infiltrating immune cells and stromal cells. We found that the infiltrating immune cells were associated with poor prognosis of ccRCC. To assess the role of infiltrating immune cells in ccRCC cells, first, we performed differentially expressed genes analysis and functional analysis for validation. The results showed that the underlying mechanism by which infiltrating immune cells promoted cancer progression involved in regulating the nuclear division, angiogenesis, and immune response. Next, we investigated the relationship between infiltrating immune cells and mutations in ccRCC cells. We found that the infiltrating immune cells have certain effects on genetic mutations. In conclusion, infiltrating immune cells within the tumor microenvironment can be used to predict prognosis in ccRCC.
Design, synthesis, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal evaluation of 4‐aminoquinoline‐1,3,5‐triazine derivatives
Authors: Bhat Hans Raj , Masih Anup , Shakya Anshul , Ghosh Surajit Kumar , Singh Udaya Pratap 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA series of 4‐aminoquinoline 1,3,5‐triazine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activity against cancer cell lines HeLa, MCF‐7, HL‐60, HepG2 where these derivatives exert significant anticancer activity. The molecules found nontoxic against MCF‐12A. The molecules also showed potent inhibition of EGFR‐TK as compared to eroltinib in enzyme‐based assay. The newly synthesized derivatives were screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus using cefixime and fluconazole as standard. Antibacterial screening results suggest that compound 7c showed potent activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and P. vulgaris. In antifungal screening, compound 7b showed significant activity against A. niger, A. fumigatus and moderate activity against C. albicans.
Negative‐ion/positive‐ion coincidence spectroscopy as a tool to identify anionic fragments: The case of core‐excited CHF3
Authors: Kivimäki Antti , Stråhlman Christian , Sankari Rami , Richter Robert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe have studied the dissociation of the trifluoromethane molecule, CHF3, into negative ionic fragments at the C 1s and F 1s edges. The measurements were performed by detecting coincidences between negative and positive ions. We observed five different negative ions: F−, H−, C−, CF−, and F2−. Their production was confirmed by the analysis of triple coincidence events (negative‐ion/positive‐ion/positive‐ion or NIPIPI coincidences) that were recorded with cleaner signals than those of the negative‐ion/positive‐ion coincidences. The intensities of the most intense NIPIPI coincidence channels were recorded as a function of photon energy across the C 1s and F 1s excitations and ionization thresholds. We also observed dissociation channels involving the formation of one negative ion and three positive ions. Our results demonstrate that negative‐ion/positive‐ion coincidence spectroscopy is a very sensitive method to observe anions, which at inner‐shell edges are up to three orders of magnitude less probable dissociation products than cations.