bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Low Risk Doesn’t Mean No Risk”: The Making of Lesbian Safer-Sex and the Creation of New (S)experts in the Late Twentieth Century
Authors: Elizabeth Hannah J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores the creation and dissemination of lesbian safer-sex as an idea and set of practices between 1980 and 2000 in Britain. The chapter considers how lesbian safer-sex was defined, discussed, and practiced by drawing on textual sources which disseminated and contested new knowledge about sex and risk to women who had sex with women in Britain during the AIDS crisis. It is argued that lesbian safer-sex constituted a set of practices and knowledges designed by queer women responding directly to perceived risks by drawing on personal experiences, a variety of expertise, and the transatlantic exchange of queer health advice. The chapter interrogates who these “experts” were, where their expertise came from, how they defined safer-sex, and how these definitions were adapted and resisted across the late twentieth century, resulting in plurality and ambivalence which persists to this day. In doing so, the chapter tracks the emergence of the dental dam as both an object and signifier of lesbian safer-sex as a set of practices, and a site of expertise which transgressed borders, national, personal, and political.
Childminders and the Limits of Mothering as Experiential Expertise, England c. 1948–2000
Authors: Davis Angela 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter will explore how childminders were seen as experts in the care of young children. Focusing on three key pieces of legislation—the Nurseries and Child-Minders Regulation Act (1948), the Health Service and Public Health Act (1968) and the Children Act (1989)—it will trace the ways in which their experiential expertise was constructed and the limits of their characterisation as experts. The portrayal of childminders also reveals wider concerns about gender, class and race as they often intersected in the figure of the childminder and her clients. The chapter will therefore explore whether the experiential expertise of all childminders (and the mothers who employed them) was viewed equally. Recent research has explored how the growing number of working married women encouraged debate over how their employment and domestic responsibilities should best be combined. Yet childminders have rarely been written about within historical scholarship. Based on an analysis of parliamentary papers, medical and sociological literature and press reports, this article will therefore add to existing scholarship by focusing on childminders themselves and exploring the notion of childminders’ status as experts in the care of young children.
“Daddy Knows Best”: Professionalism, Paternalism and the State in Mid-Twentieth-Century British Child Diswelfare Experiences
Authors: Lambert Michael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter argues that disclosures made during successive inquiries into historical child and family abuse challenge existing understanding of state power in mid-twentieth-century Britain. By foregrounding lived experience and surfacing omission and commission by officials, inquiries have exposed the limits of technocratic expertise and narratives of professional authority. Yet such narratives remain foundational to social policy teleology and historical social work identity associated with the inexorable rise of the social democratic welfare state; they become increasingly seductive under the shadow of their neoliberal decline. Such actions constitute a diswelfare; what Richard Titmuss terms social losses against aggregate welfare gains. This diswelfare is compounded by the voices of those affected, children, being disregarded by the perpetrator: the state. The child welfare state had little consideration for what Robert Pinker considers to be their subjective state of welfare. Barbara Wootton succinctly captured the gendered infantilising logic of this paternal power within prevailing social service logics: “Be quiet dear, daddy knows best”. Ultimately, the chapter shows that lived experiences of welfare state failure requires historians to foreground the coercive power of the state, rather than the redistribution of welfare, in our understanding of the mid-twentieth-century British child welfare state.
Fire, Fairs, and Dragonflies: The Writings of Gifted Children and Age-Bound Expertise
Authors: Crane Jennifer 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter uses children’s writings to argue that age must be considered as a hugely limiting modifier of experiential expertise; of how it was lived and felt, and how it could be used. Despite substantive policy and media interest in gifted children in the mid-to-late twentieth century, gifted children’s testimonies were typically published only when conforming to specific visions of the appropriate precocious child. Nonetheless, the chapter also argues, gifted young people did exert expertise within voluntary spaces that were meaningful to them. Many young people enjoyed participating in these spaces, despite their limited influence. Others used these spaces to experiment with lively written critique of adult authority. Linking to this collection’s central framing, then, this chapter shows that young people labelled “gifted” were able to “fare well” within a broader “state of welfare”, even if their specific needs were not always catered for in the institutions of the “welfare state”. Yet the chapter shows, also, that the holding of experiential expertise did not guarantee that children could “fare well”; many found this expertise a burden, rejected it, or sought to offer themselves “self-care” while negotiating their distinct new identity as “gifted”.
Claiming and Curating Experiential Expertise at the Children’s Telephone Helpline, Childline UK, 1986–2006
Authors: Colpus Eve 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter considers the experiential expertise of children and young people through a case study of the children’s telephone helpline, ChildLine UK. ChildLine was launched in 1986 as the first nationwide telephone helpline for “children in trouble or danger”. Initially offering a service to listen to children’s needs and problems, it developed as a lobbying body for policy change around children’s welfare. Reading organisational literature alongside evidence of ChildLine’s reception amongst policy-makers, practitioners, and children, the chapter offers an innovative methodological approach to examine the communication and translation of experiential expertise about children’s wellbeing. It looks both at the representation of children as experiential experts by ChildLine, exploring the presentational strategies used within organisational publications to harness young people’s experiential expertise, and how the helpline claimed professional expertise in children’s wellbeing. This work was not achieved without resistance, however, and the final section of the chapter discusses evidence of children cutting across the organisation’s goals to represent children’s experience and experiential expertise. Children’s subversive acts, it is argued, show young people engaging with the helpline in order to articulate alternative ideas about the usefulness of the service within their own logics of fairness and wellbeing, which might be different to ChildLine’s.
Surgical Trauma Comparison of Inframammary Fold versus Endoscopic Transaxillary Approaches in Breast Augmentation: A 7-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Zhaoyu , Qiu Zhao , Tong Jing , Yang Jie , Luo Chao , Jiang Wenbin , Wang Rongrong , Sun Jiaming 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess differences in surgical trauma between the inframammary fold approach and endoscopic transaxillary approach in breast augmentation surgery.

Methods
One hundred and ninety-four patients who underwent breast augmentation using either an inframammary fold or endoscopic transaxillary approach were enrolled. All procedures were primary and bilateral cases. Patients’ demographics and indicators, such as operation duration, postoperative volume of drainage, drainage duration, length of hospital stay, and postoperative pain scores, were observed and analyzed.

Results
One hundred and five patients underwent inframammary fold incisions, while the remaining 89 received transaxillary incisions. The operation duration was significantly shorter in the inframammary fold group than in the transaxillary group, while the VAS scores were significantly lower (p < 0.001). Similarly, differences in the age and fertility status between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were noted in the scores of the remaining indicators (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
This research demonstrated that while patients in the endoscopic transaxillary group were typically younger, which is commonly hypothesized to result in superior results, the inframammary fold approach may offer a surgical option with reduced trauma and pain and concomitantly greater convenience and efficiency, yielding high satisfaction levels among Chinese women.

Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266
Recent Strategies of Oxygen Carrier Design in Chemical Looping Processes for Inherent CO2 Capture and Utilization
Authors: Kim Yikyeom , Kim Hyeon Seok , Kim Hyunjung , Ha Jeongin , Kang Dohyung , Lee Jae W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChemical looping processes are considered a promising pathway for the efficient production of various fuels and chemicals. Temporally or spatially separated reduction and oxidation reaction in chemical looping can offer various advantages such as enhancing energy efficiency, surpassing equilibrium limitations, and eliminating the need for separation. However, the efficiency of the chemical looping process highly depends on the performance of the oxygen carrier. Higher gas conversion can increase separation efficiency and higher solid conversion can reduce the amount of cycled oxygen carrier. The performance indicators are highly related to the thermodynamic properties of the oxygen carriers and their redox kinetics. This review introduces some key articles and recent achievements for the enhancement of such properties. The different research strategies are discussed for enhancing the performance of stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric oxygen carriers. Through the rational design of oxygen carrier material, an energy-efficient chemical looping process is possible.
Translational research in the generation of therapeutic medicine for wound healing: a review
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Kumar Vivek , Mohan Aditi , Gupta Garima , Kashyap Vineeta 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChronic wounds, such as diabetic ulcers, venous leg ulcers, and pressure sores, are among the most difficult to manage. Despite advancements in medical science, key clinical issues remain unresolved, particularly in addressing these persistent and complex wounds. Chronic wounds fail to follow the typical stages of healing due to impaired activation of various biological pathways. These conditions underscore the urgent need for more effective therapeutic options, as current treatments often fall short in promoting complete healing. The human wound healing process is a complex biological phenomenon involving the simultaneous activation of multiple molecular and cellular pathways. We systematically inspected databases for studies evaluating role of different growth factors, stem cell therapies and regenerative or wound healing medicine in wound healing and tissue regeneration. Regenerative medicine has focused on wound healing because of the accessibility, structure, and regenerative potential of the skin during the healing process. Furthermore, in order to acquire successful market access and widespread adoption, the effectiveness of new technologies should be evaluated based on their outcomes and the economic impact on healthcare. To fully harness the potential of regenerative medicine and wound healing therapies, it is essential to conduct rigorous studies that establish the safety and efficacy of new treatments for specific patient populations. This review explores these challenges and emphasizes how regenerative medicine, with its focus on utilizing biological mechanisms to repair damaged tissues, presents a promising path forward. By examining the roles of various growth factors, stem cell therapies, and emerging regenerative treatments, the review delves into their impact on wound healing and tissue regeneration. Moreover, it highlights key molecular pathways and therapeutic targets that could be leveraged to improve outcomes, potentially overcoming the limitations of existing approaches.
Graphical Abstract
An in-vogue plant, Peronema canescens Jack: traditional uses and scientific evidence of its bioactivities
Authors: Shalihin Muhammad Irhash , Khatib Alfi , Yusnaidar Yusnaidar , Tarigan Indra Lasmana , Latief Madyawati 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPeronema canescens Jack (sungkai) has been utilized to treat numerous medical conditions in the traditional healing practices of people in Sumatra and Borneo for generations. The diverse secondary metabolites in the plant give preliminary scientific evidence of the validity of its traditional uses and further studies have confirmed its various bioactivities. The plant’s pharmacological properties have been studied occasionally before 2020, leading to its antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activity discoveries. In 2020, sungkai was rumored to be able to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which made it gain popularity that changed the history of its pharmacological studies dramatically. Since then, research on sungkai has been pursued exponentially in more diversified and specialized bioactivities. Recent studies over the past three years revealed that the plant further has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antidiabetic activities. Reports continue to emerge suggesting the presence of other sungkai’s bioactivities. A comprehensive review was presented covering the topic, starting from the discussion of traditional uses of sungkai to its bioactivity studies. The review is integrated with the key events of its bioactivity studies development in history and its link to the current studies. Most recent scientific evidence of sungkai bioactivities is discussed and critically analyzed to give insight into its future development direction. Additionally, the attempt to develop numerous derivative products from sungkai is also briefly introduced. Scientific studies evince that sungkai is a promising plant as a source of bioactive compounds that could be developed for modern medicine.
ON ULTRAPRODUCTS, THE SPECTRAL THEOREM AND RIGGED HILBERT SPACES
Authors: HIRVONEN ÅSA , HYTTINEN TAPANI 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We start by showing how to approximate unitary and bounded self-adjoint operators by operators in finite dimensional spaces. Using ultraproducts we give a precise meaning for the approximation. In this process we see how the spectral measure is obtained as an ultralimit of counting measures that arise naturally from the finite dimensional approximations. Then we see how generalized distributions can be interpreted in the ultraproduct. Finally we study how one can calculate kernels of operators K by calculating them in the finite dimensional approximations and how one needs to interpret Dirac deltas in the ultraproduct in order to get the kernels as propagators

$\langle x_{1}|K|x_{0}\rangle $

.
‘So, what’s wrong with colonialism?’ – Understanding colonialism’s political, territorial and epistemic injustice
Authors: Saeed Raza 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn (ongoing) interrogation of colonial wrongdoing is important for debates on decolonisation, restorative justice, racial and gender equality and global political and socio-economic equality. This article presents a theoretical study of colonialism’s legal-political injustices and aims to (re)turn the discussion on colonialism to the field’s most powerful insight, i.e. that of of epistemic violence and injustice. This article also suggests that the reach of this historical injustice went much further than the politics of autonomy, usurpation of territorial rights, political disenfranchisement and resource appropriation. To address the question of colonialism’s distinctiveness as a political mission, which has been discussed in recent debates within analytic philosophy, it argues that colonialism’s epistemic injustice, which denied the very existence and the traditions of the colonised, is the foundational and distinctive feature of colonialism as a political system and which drives its continued impact to this day.
Groundwater Responses to Deluge and Drought in the Fraser Valley, Pacific Northwest
Authors: Nott A. H. , Allen D. M. , Hahm W. J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGroundwater level variations represent signals of superimposed physical processes, with memory. Groundwater level records are used to understand how aquifer systems respond to natural and anthropogenic perturbations. Here we analyze groundwater levels across the South Coast of British Columbia (BC) in the Pacific Northwest with the objective of determining groundwater responses to atmospheric rivers (ARs) and drought. An AR catalog was derived and used to associate precipitation amounts to AR occurrence. Droughts were quantified using dry day metrics, in conjunction with the standardized precipitation index. Historically (1980–2023), from September to January, approximately 40% of total precipitation was contributed by ARs. From April to September, more than 50% of days received no precipitation, with typically 26 consecutive dry days. We used the autocorrelation structure of groundwater levels, commonly used to characterize aquifer memory, to identify two distinct clusters of observation well responses. Cluster 1 wells respond to recharge from local precipitation, primarily rainfall, and respond rapidly to both ARs during winter recharge and significant rainfall deficits during summer. Cluster 2 wells are driven by local precipitation but are influenced by the Fraser River's large summer freshet which briefly recharges the aquifers, thereby delaying drought propagation. The results suggest that groundwater memory encapsulates multiple hydrogeological factors, including boundary conditions, influencing the response outcome to extreme events.
Woody Cover Fuels Large Wildfire Risk in the Eastern US
Authors: Ivey Michaella A. , Wonkka Carissa L. , Weidig Noah C. , Donovan Victoria M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLarge wildfires are increasing in the eastern United States; however, what factors are heightening large wildfire risk remains unclear. Increases in fuel loads from woody encroachment and canopy infilling have been associated with increasing wildfire risk in other US regions. Understanding if and where woody cover increases wildfire risk can help direct proactive fuels management. We characterize multi‐scale changes in woody cover through time and assess the relationship between woody cover and large wildfire (>200 ha) occurrence in the eastern US between 1990 and 2020. We found a 37% increase in woody cover across the eastern US, with increases occurring in every ecoregion. The odds of large wildfire increased as woody cover increased in most central and southern ecoregions, where large wildfires were typically more likely in areas with high woody cover (70%–100% cover). Our findings suggest fuels management will be an important tool for reducing large wildfire risk.
Early–middle Permian Mediterranean gorgonopsian suggests an equatorial origin of therapsids
Authors: Matamales-Andreu Rafel , Kammerer Christian F. , Angielczyk Kenneth D. , Simões Tiago R. , Mujal Eudald , Galobart Àngel , Fortuny Josep 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTherapsids were a dominant component of middle–late Permian terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, eventually giving rise to mammals during the early Mesozoic. However, little is currently known about the time and place of origin of Therapsida. Here we describe a definitive therapsid from the lower–?middle Permian palaeotropics, a partial skeleton of a gorgonopsian from the island of Mallorca, western Mediterranean. This specimen represents, to our knowledge, the oldest gorgonopsian record worldwide, and possibly the oldest known therapsid. Using emerging relaxed clock models, we provide a quantitative timeline for the origin and early diversification of therapsids, indicating a long ghost lineage leading to the evolutionary radiation of all major therapsid clades within less than 10 Myr, in the aftermath of Olson’s Extinction. Our findings place this unambiguous early therapsid in an ancient summer wet biome of equatorial Pangaea, thus suggesting that the group originated in tropical rather than temperate regions.
Mathematical sizing and design analysis of permanent magnet vernier machine for contra‐rotating wind power applications
Authors: Fatima Mehroz , Khan Faisal , Ullah Wasiq , Akuru Udochukwu Bola 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOver the years, wind energy technology has vividly made progress, as it is economical and cleaner against fossil‐fuel alternatives. With the rapid upsurge in turbine ratings up to the MW‐power generation level, an unceasing effort is crucial to increase the torque/power density and power factor of the wind‐powered machines. Amongst wind‐powered machines, the permanent magnet vernier machine (PMVM) is renowned for its high torque density. This paper discusses the detailed design flow of a novel contra‐rotating PMVM including sizing equation, geometric relationships, and FEA‐based electromagnetic performance analysis compared to the conventional PMVM. The proposed contra‐rotating PMVM is analysed with two different winding configurations that is, first with crossed‐toroidal and later with concentrated winding configuration, and a comprehensive comparative analysis is made between proposed and conventional PMVM topologies. The contra‐rotation of rotors provides more torque/power than the co‐rotation within the given machine's size. This comparative analysis provides noteworthy insights into the superior performance of the proposed contra‐rotating PMVM topologies regarding torque/power, power factor, and efficiency. A superior torque/power of value 538.23 Nm/1.6 kW is achieved in the case of the design with crossed‐toroidal winding configuration with an efficiency of 97.82% whereas, a high‐power factor of 0.98 with an efficiency of 91.36% is achieved in the case of the design with concentrated winding configuration.