bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure-Based Methadone and Lorazepam Weaning Protocol Reduces Wean Length in Children
Authors: Wilson Alexandra K. , Ragsdale Carolyn E. , Sehgal Ila , Vaughn Micah , Padilla-Tolentino Eimeira , Barczyk Amanda N. , Lawson Karla A. 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVEDetermine if a standardized methadone and lorazepam weaning protocol that is based on dose and duration of exposure can reduce the length of opioid and benzodiazepine weaning and shorten hospital stay.METHODSRetrospective cohort study performed in a 24-bed medical/surgical PICU. A total of 177 patients on opioid and/or benzodiazepine infusions for &gt;3 days were included; 75 patients pre protocol (June 2012– June 2013) were compared with 102 patients post implementation of a standardized weaning protocol of methadone and lorazepam (March 2014–March 2015). The recommended wean was based on duration of infusions of &gt;3 days up to 5 days (no wean), 5 to 13 days (short wean), and ≥14 days (long wean).RESULTSMedian number of days on methadone for patients on opioid infusions for 5 to 13 days was reduced from 8.5 to 5.7 days (p = 0.001; n = 45 [pre], n = 68 [post]) and for patients on opioid infusions for ≥14 days, from 29.7 to 11.5 days (p = 0.003; n = 9 [pre], n = 9 [post]) after protocol implementation. The median number of days on lorazepam for patients on benzodiazepine infusions for 5 to 13 days was reduced from 8.1 to 5.2 days (p = 0.020; n = 43 [pre], n = 55 [post]) and for patients on benzodiazepine infusions for ≥14 days, from 27.4 to 9.3 days (p = 0.011; n = 9 [pre], n = 8 [post]). There was no difference in methadone or lorazepam wean length for patients on 3 to 5 days of infusions. There was no difference in adverse events or hospital length of stay.CONCLUSIONSA methadone and lorazepam weaning protocol based on patient's exposure to opioids and benzodiazepines (dose and duration) reduces weaning length.
Achieving Vancomycin Troughs Within Goal Range in Low Birth Weight Neonates
Authors: Stone Sadie B. , Benner Kim , Utley Aubrey , MacLennan Paul , Coghill Carl H. 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE
Vancomycin is commonly used in the neonatal population to treat Gram-positive bacterial infections. Despite frequent use, consensus on the ideal dosing regimen in low birth weight (LBW) neonates is lacking. The objective of this research is to determine how frequently vancomycin troughs within goal range (10–20 mg/L) are achieved with empiric dosing in critically ill neonates and infants weighing less than 2500 g.

METHODS
This retrospective review evaluated LBW infants who were admitted to a level IV NICU from January 2015 to December 2016. Patients were included if they had a vancomycin trough sample collected at steady state (after at least 3 doses). Three trough cohorts (subtherapeutic: &lt;10 mg/L, therapeutic: 10–20 mg/L, and supratherapeutic: &gt;20 mg/L) were compared with 1-way ANOVA for continuous data and a chi-square analysis for categorical data.

RESULTS
A total of 74 patients were included, with a mean birth weight (BW) of 819.7 ± 355.4 g and a mean gestational age (GA) of 26.4 ± 3.7 weeks. Only 27 patients (36.5%) had therapeutic vancomycin trough concentrations. Subtherapeutic troughs were recorded in 40 patients (54.1%), while supratherapeutic troughs were recorded in 7 patients (9.5%). Although there was no difference between the initial dose, initial frequency was significantly different between cohorts (p = 0.04).

CONCLUSION
Empiric dosing regimens do not produce vancomycin troughs within the goal range in most LBW patients.
Perceived Versus Demonstrated Understanding of the Complex Medications of Medically Complex Children
Authors: Blackmer Allison B. , Fox David , Arendt Dave , Phillips Kyle , Feinstein James A. 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES
Parents and caregivers of children with medical complexity (CMC) manage complex medication regimens (CMRs) at home. Parental understanding of CMRs is critical to safe medication administration. Regarding CMR administration, we 1) described the population of CMC receiving CMRs; 2) assessed parental perceived confidence and understanding; and 3) evaluated parental demonstrated understanding.

METHODS
Cross-sectional clinic-based assessment of knowledge and understanding of CMC using CMRs who received primary care in a large pediatric complex care clinic. CMRs were identified by the receipt of ≥1 of the following: 1) ≥10 concurrent medications; 2) ≥1 high-risk medication; or 3) ≥1 extemporaneously compounded medication. Parents reported their perceived confidence and understanding of CMRs, and then demonstrated understanding through 3 medication-related tasks.

RESULTS
Of 156 CMCs, most were &lt;10 years of age (63.5%), white (75%), had neurologic impairment (76.9%), and used a median of 8 medications (IQR, 5–10). Parents were female (76.9%) with a mean age of 38.8 ± 11.5 years, white (69.9%), spoke English (94.2%), and had some college education (82.1%). On 11 confidence and understanding statements, most parents reported a high perceived level of understanding and confidence, with combined agreement or strong agreement ranging between 81.2% and 98.7%. Only 73.1% correctly identified medications taken for specified conditions, 40.4% reported complete dosing parameters, and 54.8% correctly measured 2 different medication doses. Significant differences existed between parental perceived understanding versus the 3 demonstrated tasks (all p &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Substantial opportunities exist to improve medication safety and efficacy in the outpatient, in-home setting including improved medication-specific education and medication-related supports.
Response of Irrigation and Mulching on Yield, Water Use Efficiency, Nutrient Use Efficiency and Economy of Mango Cv. Banganpalli in (Semiarid Region) Southern Telangana Region
Authors: Thirupathaiah Guvvali , Bhagwan A. , Kumar A. Kiran , Kumar K. Avil , Vijaya D. 
Published: January 2021

An investigation was carried out on sandy loam soils of semi arid regions of southern Telangana to analyze the potential of drip irrigation along with mulch on mango fruit yield, water and nutrient use efficiency. The treatments of present study were comprised of two levels mulching (M0-without mulch and M1-with mulching), with silver Polyethylene of 100 micron thickness were used and two levels of irrigation (I1 -75% and I2 100% ETc through drip), here irrigation levels and mulching together constituting four treatment combinations with five replications under 2x2 factorial randomized block design and the treatment combinations are: I1M0-75% ETc + No mulching, I1M1- 75% ETc + with mulch, I2M0- 100% ETc + No mulching and I2M1- 100 % ETc + with mulch. The study revealed that drip irrigation 100% ETc along with silver polythene mulch showed better performance in terms of yield, water use efficiency, nutrient use efficiency as well as economics. Maximum yield of 89.11 kg tree-1 combination of 75 % ETc + with mulching has proven the maximum water use efficiency (5.54 g liter-1 water consumption) and fertilizers use efficiency (0.89 q kg-1 fertilizer application) however along with maximum net return of 400973. 90 rupees ha-1, net return of 346873.90 ha-1 per hectare and B: C ratio of 7.41 was recorded in I2M1 (100 % ETc + with mulch). So the experiment suggests that drip irrigation along with mulch has the potential to provide greater benefit by optimizing the use of water resources. But the interaction of 75 % ETc + with mulching has proven the maximum water use efficiency (6.28 g liter-1 water consumption).
Knowledge and Perception of Saudi Dental Professionals Regarding the Use of Resin Infiltration in their Clinical Practice; A Survey-Based Study in Riyadh, KSA
Authors: Alhammad Abdullah Fozan A. , Alrayes Adel Omer M. , Alhedaithy Mohammad Mogbil A. , Alabdulkarim Abdulkarim Abdullah A. , Alhakeem Faisal Raafat F. , Alhussain Badr Soliman M. , Ansari Shahzeb Hasan 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Throughout the advancement of subsurface caries lesions, mineral is disbanded out of the enamel, causing enhanced penetrability that look like clinically as incipient or white spot lesions. Nowadays, these lesions are regularly treated by increasing remineralization, e.g., by enhancing the patient’s oral hygiene or fluoridation. Nevertheless, in uncooperative patients with cavitated proximal lesions, this approach has significant drawbacks.
Methodology: A total of 508 dentists filled the online survey, which was distributed using social media and emails. Online questionnaire was constructed consisting of questions related to demographic data followed by questions linked to their knowledge and perception of Resin Infiltration use among their patients.
Results: Overall knowledge reported by the participants regarding Resin Infiltration was 25.2% poor, 72.9% moderate and only 1.9% excellent. 64% of the dental professionals knew that RI is a micro-invasive procedure.
Conclusion: It can be concluded from the findings that the knowledge of Riyadh based dental professionals regarding the use, indication and technique of Resin Infiltration is not satisfactory.
Testing the Giles hypothesis using geometric morphometrics
Authors: Simons Evan A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe Giles hypothesis posits that differences in the cranial morphology of Pan troglodytes and Gorilla gorilla are largely the result of allometric scaling. However, previous support for the Giles hypothesis was based on bivariate plots of linear measurements. This investigation uses geometric morphometric methods to retest this hypothesis and its prediction that extending the ontogenetic trajectory of a chimpanzee would produce an adult gorilla‐like cranial morphology.Materials and MethodsForty‐three 3D cranial landmarks were collected from an ontogenetic series of 76 Pan troglodytes and 58 Gorilla gorilla specimens. Ontogenetic trajectories of cranial shape change were computed via multivariate regression of Procrustes aligned coordinates against LnCS (size vector) and molar eruption stage (developmental vector). These two vectors were then used in developmental simulations to extend the ontogenetic trajectories of adult chimpanzees. Allometric trajectories of chimpanzees and gorillas were also directly compared using Procrustes ANOVA.ResultsPan and Gorilla significantly differ in their allometric trajectories, and none of the Pan developmental simulations resembled actual adult gorillas. Additionally, the more the Pan developmental vector was extended, the more morphologically distinct the simulations became from actual adult gorillas.DiscussionTaken together, these results do not support the Giles hypothesis that allometric scaling is primarily responsible for observed morphological differences between chimpanzee and gorilla crania. This investigation demonstrates that neither “growing” a chimpanzee to the size of a gorilla, nor extending a chimpanzee's developmental shape trajectory will result in an adult gorilla‐like cranial morphology as they differ in their patterns of allometry.
An Analysis of Anatomy Education Before and During Covid‐19: May–August 2020
Authors: Harmon Derek J. , Attardi Stefanie M. , Barremkala Malli , Bentley Danielle C. , Brown Kirsten M. , Dennis Jennifer F. , Goldman Haviva M. , Harrell Kelly M. , Klein Barbie A. , Ramnanan Christopher J. , Richtsmeier Joan T. , Farkas Gary J. 
Published: January 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) created unparalleled challenges to anatomy education. Gross anatomy education has been particularly impacted given the traditional in‐person format of didactic instruction and/or laboratory component(s). To assess the changes in gross anatomy lecture and laboratory instruction, assessment, and teaching resources utilized as a result of Covid‐19, a survey was distributed to gross anatomy educators through professional associations and listservs. Of the 67 survey responses received for the May–August 2020 academic period, 84% were from United States (US) institutions, while 16% were internationally based. Respondents indicated that in‐person lecture decreased during Covid‐19 (before: 76%, during: 8%, P < 0.001) and use of cadaver materials declined (before: 76 ± 33%, during: 34 ± 43%, P < 0.001). The use of cadaver materials in laboratories decreased during Covid‐19 across academic programs, stand‐alone and integrated anatomy courses, and private and public institutions (P ≤ 0.004). Before Covid‐19, cadaveric materials used in laboratories were greater among professional health programs relative to medical and undergraduate programs (P ≤ 0.03) and among stand‐alone relative to integrated anatomy courses (P ≤ 0.03). Furthermore, computer‐based assessment increased (P < 0.001) and assessment materials changed from cadaveric material to images (P < 0.03) during Covid‐19, even though assessment structure was not different (P > 0.05). The use of digital teaching resources increased during Covid‐19 (P < 0.001), with reports of increased use of in‐house created content, BlueLink, and Complete Anatomy software (P < 0.05). While primarily representing US institutions, this study provided evidence of how anatomy educators adapted their courses, largely through virtual mediums, and modified laboratory protocols during the initial emergence of the Covid‐19 pandemic.
Molecular switches and dual channel detection of Cd2+ and Fe3+ ions based on a multipodand system
Authors: Singh Prabhpreet 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMultipodand conjugates were designed and synthesized and incorporated 5‐chloro‐8‐hydroxyquinoline for efficient performance and fine tuning to behave as molecular switches by the addition of metals ions, protonation, and their combination in CH3CN and CH3CN–H2O. Dipodand 3 and tetrapodand 4 showed a switching ‘ON’ of fluorescence (λem = 435–445) with Zn2+ and Cd2+ (OR logic) and switching ‘OFF’ of fluorescence (λem = 402) in the presence of Cu2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ (NOR logic). 4 showed switching ‘OFF’ of fluorescence at 402 nm at low concentrations of Ag+, Pb2+, Hg2+ and Fe3+ and, on further accumulation of these metal ions, excimer bands at 432 nm (Ag+) and 510 nm (Pb2+, Hg2+ and Fe3+) provided the opportunity for ‘ON–OFF–ON’ switching. In contrast, 3 showed no change with Ag+, while Pb2+ caused only ‘ON–OFF’ switching and Hg2+ and Fe3+ ions caused similar ‘ON–OFF–ON’ switching. The H+‐induced ‘ON–OFF–ON’ molecular switch was combined with Cu2+ that persuaded NOR logic to mimic inhibit (INH) logic. The compound also exhibited a H+/Cu2+‐induced ‘OFF–ON–OFF’ type of signalling pattern. These proton‐induced multiple outputs provide opportunities for YES, NOT logic gates. 3 showed selective ‘ON–OFF’ behaviour with Fe3+ ions and ‘OFF–ON’ behaviour with Cd2+ ions in 20% HEPES buffer–CH3CN.
A deep learning approach to evaluate the feasibility of enzymatic reactions generated by retrobiosynthesis
Authors: Kim Yeji , Ryu Jae Yong , Kim Hyun Uk , Jang Woo Dae , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRetrobiosynthesis allows the designing of novel biosynthetic pathways for the production of chemicals and materials through metabolic engineering, but generates a large number of reactions beyond the experimental feasibility. Thus, an effective method that can reduce a large number of the initially predicted enzymatic reactions has been needed. Here, we present Deep learning‐based Reaction Feasibility Checker (DeepRFC) to classify the feasibility of a given enzymatic reaction with high performance and speed. DeepRFC is designed to receive Simplified Molecular‐Input Line‐Entry System (SMILES) strings of a reactant pair, which is defined as a substrate and a product of a reaction, as an input, and evaluates whether the input reaction is feasible. A deep neural network is selected for DeepRFC as it leads to better classification performance than five other representative machine learning methods examined. For validation, the performance of DeepRFC is compared with another in‐house reaction feasibility checker that uses the concept of reaction similarity. Finally, the use of DeepRFC is demonstrated for the retrobiosynthesis‐based design of novel one‐carbon assimilation pathways. DeepRFC will allow retrobiosynthesis to be more practical for metabolic engineering applications by efficiently screening a large number of retrobiosynthesis‐derived enzymatic reactions. DeepRFC is freely available at https://bitbucket.org/kaistsystemsbiology/deeprfc.
Altered spontaneous brain activity patterns in patients with neovascular glaucoma using amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Peng Zhi‐You , Liu Yu‐Xin , Li Biao , Ge Qian‐Min , Liang Rong‐Bin , Li Qiu‐Yu , Shi Wen‐Qing , Yu Ya‐Jie , Shao Yi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeovascular glaucoma (NVG) can cause irreversible visual impairment and abnormal spontaneous changes in brain's visual system and other systems. There is little research on this aspect at present. However, amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) can be used as an rs‐fMRI analysis technique for testing changes in spontaneous brain activity patterns.PurposeThe aim of this study was to probe the local characteristics of spontaneous brain activity in NVG patients and analyze their correlation with clinical behaviors.MethodsResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) scans were obtained from eighteen patients with NVG (8 males, 10 females) and eighteen healthy controls (HCs; 8 males and 10 females) who were matched in age, gender, and education level. We evaluated spontaneous brain activity with the ALFF method. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the average ALFF values for altered brain regions of NVG patients with those of HCs.ResultsCompared with HCs, NVG patients had lower ALFF values in the right cuneus, right middle occipital gyrus, left cingulate gyrus, right precuneus, and left medial frontal gyrus (p < 0.001). Higher ALFF values were observed in the right superior frontal gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus (p < 0.001). Analysis of the ROC curves of the brain regions showed that the specificity and accuracy of ALFF values between NVG and HCs in the area under the curve were acceptable (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe patients with NVG exhibited anomalous spontaneous activity in different brain regions; these finding should establish the foundation for a more comprehensive understanding of the pathological mechanisms of NVG. Furthermore, these abnormal variations in specific brain regions can be considered possible clinical indices of NVG.
An exceptional case of posterior shoulder fracture dislocation in patient with recurrent anterior dislocation forming “Mirror Hill‐Sachs lesion”
Authors: Guity Mohammad Reza , Khan Furqan Mohammad Yaseen , Bagheri Nima 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA posterior dislocation should be always kept in mind in a painful shoulder especially after trauma or seizure. Even in the presence of recurrent dislocation, the direction may be different from one episode to another.
Decompression technique — A modified approach for lateral alveolar ridge augmentation: A case report
Authors: Puisys Algirdas , Auzbikaviciute Viktorija , Vindasiute‐Narbute Egle , Zukauskas Saulius , Deikuviene Justina , Razukevicius Dainius 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA particular technique can increase the mucosal and peri‐implant bone thickness, prevent compression around implant neck, and obtain proper space for the following prosthetic treatment with an adequate emergence profile.
Synthesis, Modification, and Lithium‐Storage Properties of Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4
Authors: Chen Junxin , Huang Zhe , Zeng Weihao , Cao Fei , Ma Jingjing , Tian Weixi , Mu Shichun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are currently widely applied in many aspects of life, but with the development, the capacity of lithium‐ion batteries can no longer meet the needs. One of the dominant factors to restricting the capacity of LIBs is the cathode materials. Among the derivatives of spinel cathode LiMn2O4 (LMO), LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) has become one of the research promising cathode materials in the current LIBs due to its high working voltage (4.7 V) and large theoretical specific capacity (147 mAh g−1). However, the short cycle life of LNMO during the electrochemical process limits its large‐scale commercial applications. Thus, it is necessary to summarize and discuss the recent development of LNMO. Through comparison with LiMn2O4, the structure, electrochemical properties of LNMO, influence of Mn on the performance of LNMO, and the capacity fading mechanism are analyzed and discussed in detail. We also summarize the modification methods of LNMO and the influence of preparation methods on the structure and performance of LNMO. Finally, some prospects of LNMO cathode are put forward. This Review article can provide helpful references for future design and construction of LNMO.
Multiregion single‐cell sequencing reveals the transcriptional landscape of the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhong Yu , Zhuang Zhenkun , Xie Jiarui , Lu Yueer , Huang Chengzhi , Sun Yan , Wu Liang , Yin Jianhua , Yu Hang , Jiang Zhiqiang , Wang Shanshan , Wang Chunqing , Zhang Yuanhang , Huang Yilin , Han Chongyin , Zhong Zhenggang , Hu Jialin , Ouyang Ying , Liu Huisheng , Yu Mengya , Wei Xiaochan , Chen Dandan , Huang Lizhen , Hou Yong , Lin Zhanglin , Liu Shiping , Ling Fei , Yao Xueqing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem formed by distinct and interacting cell populations, and its composition is related to cancer prognosis and response to clinical treatment. In this study, we have taken the advantage of two single‐cell RNA sequencing technologies (Smart‐seq2 and DNBelab C4) to generate an atlas of 15,115 immune and nonimmune cells from primary tumors and hepatic metastases of 18 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We observed extensive changes in the proportions and functional states of T cells and B cells in tumor tissues, compared to those of paired non‐tumor tissues. Importantly, we found that B cells from early CRC tumor were identified to be pre‐B like expressing tumor suppressors, whereas B cells from advanced CRC tumors tended to be developed into plasma cells. We also identified the association of IgA+IGLC2+ plasma cells with poor CRC prognosis, and demonstrated a significant interaction between B‐cell and myeloid‐cell signaling, and found CCL8+ cycling B cells/CCR5+ T‐cell interactions as a potential antitumoral mechanism in advanced CRC tumors. Our results provide deeper insights into the immune infiltration within CRC, and a new perspective for the future research in immunotherapies for CRC.