bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grundtvig teologiske udvikling til omkring affattelsen af »De levendes land«
Authors: Glenthøj Elisabeth Albinus 
Published: September 2020

The Development of Grundtvig ’s Theology until about the Time of the Composition of .The Land of the Living. About the Eschatological Tension in the Understanding of the Kingdom of GodBy Elisabeth Albinus GlenthøjIn order to characterize briefly Grundtvig’s ideas about the Kingdom of God, the following statements are crucial: The Kingdom of God will break through visibly at the Second Coming of Christ. Until then the Kingdom is present to Faith and Hope through the Holy Spirit.The tension between the eschatological, visible Kingdom of God and the presence of the Kingdom now is a common theme in Grundtvig’s hymns. This study seeks to trace the development of Grundtvig’s theology towards his fully developed view of the Kingdom of God. The subject of the study is the great hymn, .The Land of the Living., from 1824, which contains beginnings of Grundtvig’s more elaborated view. The basic texts of the study are sermons by Grundtvig from 1821 to 1824, the period in which the eschatological tension emerges.Sections I to II.A. bring a chronological outline of the development of Grundtvig’s theology during the period until and including the year 1824. Section II.B. examines »The Land of the Living« in the light of this outline. Throughout the study the emphasis is on the emergence of the eschatological tension.From his parents Grundtvig inherits a belief in a Kingdom of God hereafter, but as Grundtvig experiences the presence of the Lord through the Holy Spirit - in his own life and in the Church - the theology develops towards an understanding of the Kingdom of God as already present to Faith and Hope through the Holy Spirit. The future visible Kingdom illuminates the life of the Church already. Thus the eschatological tension emerges.The continuity between the future and the present Kingdom of God is found in the union with Christ through the Holy Spirit. This union is granted in Baptism and is nourished first and foremost through the Eucharist, and, next, through prayer and words of praise. Grundtvig’s experience of Pentecost underlies »The Land of the Living«: The Holy Spirit builds up the heart of man to become a temple for the Father and Son (stanza 12). Stanzas 7 to 11 elaborate the content of this unity with the Trinity. From here originates the life of the Church in the love of God and of one’s neighbour, a life which, through the Holy Spirit, takes man closer to the likeness to Christ; the goal is reached in Eternity. Wherever the love of God prevails, the Kingdom of God is present (stanza 13); that is where men are »co-operating witnesses to the divine struggle of the Spirit against the flesh«, against everything »which seeks to ... wipe out His image, destroy His temple within us« (Eighth Sunday after Trinity, 1824).
Naar Skyggen er ligest...
Authors: Lundgreen-Nielsen Flemming 
Published: September 2020

»When the Shadow comes nearest..« By Flemming Lundgreen-NielsenThis small contribution deals with two intricate lines from stanza 5 of Grundtvig’s 1824 poem .The Land of the Living.. They are usually taken to mean that when likeness in the shape of shadows comes nearest the real thing, the little ones observing them weep, because in human poetry and arts which strive to reflect eternity similarity is not and can never be identity. Chr. Thodberg has repeatedly since 1971 suggested a different understanding of the lines to the effect that »ligest« (i.e. .most similar to.) may be interpreted as »most vertical«, referring to the shrinkage or entire disappearance of shadows at noon, when the sun reaches zenith. Thodberg departs from an off-hand commentary by Grundtvig about this natural fact in a sermon delivered on 27 March 1823. The author tries to demonstrate that Grundtvig's varying usage of theword shadow (»Skygge«) both before and after 1824 makes it impossible to arrive at an unambiguous determination regarding the word in the said lines. Furthermore, the superlative degree »ligest« meaning »most vertical« neither seems to have been recorded in the language of Grundtvig and his contemporaries nor in older periods.Contrarily, »ligest« meaning »most similar to« can be found in ancient Danish proverbs which Grundtvig studied extensively from 1816 and until he edited and published a collection of them in 1845, and it can also be located in contemporary literature. Returning from there to the meaning of shadow, the author by means of quotes from Grundtvig’s brief but precise historical evaluations of Plato and his philosophy (in 1812 and 1833) is inclined to support the traditional interpretation that the shadows making little ones weep originate in the famous cave metaphor in the fifth book of Plato’s dialogue The Republic. Finally, two other details deriving from Grundtvig’s studies of Danish proverbs in the Peder Syv edition (1688) are mentioned to throw light on a couple of nebulous expressions in two other lyrical poems by him.
- Verdenskrøniken 1812 som verdenslitteraturhistorie
Authors: Lundgreen-Nielsen Flemming 
Published: September 2020

Verdenskrøniken 1812 som verdenslitteraturhistorie[The World Chronicle 1812 as a history of world literature]By Flemming Lundgreen-NielsenHidden in Grundtvig’s World Chronicle, 1812, is a history of world literature, infact the first published attempt of its kind written in Danish by a single scholar.This easily escapes attention as Grundtvig’s numerous paragraphs on poetry andliterary history are not marked typographically. This paper examines and discusses his most important statements chronologically. Even if Grundtvig’s brief portrayals of poets often describe a short bloom followed by rapid decay and an inevitable fall, he ends in foreseeing a renewal of Nordic literature led by Steffens, Oehlenschläger and himself. Thus Grundtvig, as early as 1812, introduces the Danish romantic breakthrough (1802 onwards) as a poetological paradigm which otherwise is first acknowledged by literary historians writing in the 1870s, ‘80s and ‘90s. Grundtvig’s survey of world literature has been overshadowed by more conspicuous and provocative qualities of his text but deserves a sober-minded consideration.
Epidemic Curve of Covid-19 Cases after Lockdown in the Municipality of Belém, Pará State, Brazil
Authors: Vilhena Fabiane Diniz Machado , Dias Thamyles da Silva , Ferreira Patricia da Silva , Costa Leiliane Cristina de Souza , Corrêa Adriely Veloso , Santos Pamela Farias , Silva Denise Miriam de Barros da , Oliveira Letícia Gomes de 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To describe the evolution of COVID-19 cases three weeks after the start of the lockdown in the municipality of Belém, State of Pará.
Methodology: Descriptive-epidemiological study, quantitative approach. The reported cases of Covid-19 were collected and analyzed in the municipality of Belém, from May 28 to June 3, 2020, that is, three weeks after the decree that regulated the lockdown. Data were extracted from the websites of the state departments and the following variables were evaluated: gender, age group, city.
Results: It was identified that there were records of 92 confirmed cases and 19 deaths from coronavirus in the municipality. People aged 60 years or older were the ones who received the most confirmation of the disease and who also died the most. Women were predominant among confirmed cases and men among deaths.
Conclusion: The present study consists of offering the academic environment reflections about the implementation of lockdown and how it reflects on the possible control of the increase of cases in the face of the coronavirus pandemic, based on the collection of epidemiological data of the disease, carried out in the municipality. For this, there was an increasing trend in the number of both confirmed cases and deaths. However, after the lockdown, it was possible to identify that the incidence remained in an isolation rate interval, without exponential growth, different from what was expected without the strategy. This contributes to the lower demand for care in health services and funeral homes.
A Mathematical Modeling of Tuberculosis Dynamics with Hygiene Consciousness as a Control Strategy
Authors: Mawira Phineas Z. , Malonza David M. 
Published: September 2020

Tuberculosis, an airborne infectious disease, remains a major threat to public health in Kenya. In this study, we derived a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations from the SLICR mathematical model of TB to study the effects of hygiene consciousness as a control strategy against TB in Kenya. The effective basic reproduction number (R0) of the model was determined by the next generation matrix approach. We established and analyzed the equilibrium points. Using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion for local stability analysis and comparison theorem for global stability analysis, the disease-free equilibrium (DFE) was found to be locally asymptotically stable given that R0 < 1. Also by using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion for local stability analysis and Lyapunov function and LaSalle’s invariance principle for global stability analysis, the endemic equilibrium (EE) point was found to be locally asymptotically stable given that R0 > 1. Using MATLAB ode45 solver, we simulated the model numerically and the results suggest that hygiene consciousness can helpin controlling TB disease if incorporated effectively.
Rapidly Customizable, Scalable 3D‐Printed Wireless Optogenetic Probes for Versatile Applications in Neuroscience
Authors: Lee Juhyun , Parker Kyle E. , Kawakami Chinatsu , Kim Jenny R. , Qazi Raza , Yea Junwoo , Zhang Shun , Kim Choong Yeon , Bilbily John , Xiao Jianliang , Jang Kyung‐In , McCall Jordan G. , Jeong Jae‐Woong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOptogenetics is an advanced neuroscience technique that enables the dissection of neural circuitry with high spatiotemporal precision. Recent advances in materials and microfabrication techniques have enabled minimally invasive and biocompatible optical neural probes, thereby facilitating in vivo optogenetic research. However, conventional fabrication techniques rely on cleanroom facilities, which are not easily accessible and are expensive to use, making the overall manufacturing process inconvenient and costly. Moreover, the inherent time‐consuming nature of current fabrication procedures impede the rapid customization of neural probes in between in vivo studies. Here, a new technique stemming from 3D printing technology for the low‐cost, mass production of rapidly customizable optogenetic neural probes is introduced. The 3D printing production process, on‐the‐fly design versatility, and biocompatibility of 3D printed optogenetic probes as well as their functional capabilities for wireless in vivo optogenetics is detailed. Successful in vivo studies with 3D printed devices highlight the reliability of this easily accessible and flexible manufacturing approach that, with advances in printing technology, can foreshadow its widespread applications in low‐cost bioelectronics in the future.
Near Infrared‐Activatable Platinum‐Decorated Gold Nanostars for Synergistic Photothermal/Ferroptotic Therapy in Combating Cancer Drug Resistance
Authors: del Valle Andrea C. , Yeh Chih‐Kuang , Huang Yu‐Fen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFerroptotic cell death results from glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation and/or glutathione (GSH) depletion. Elevated GSH levels are often found in multidrug‐resistant (MDR) tumor cells, reducing their sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs and the efficacy of treatment. MDR cells also acquire a dependency on GPX4, reducing their oxidative stress and promoting their survival. Therefore, the depletion of GSH and inactivation of GPX4 has the potential to be a superior treatment strategy for MDR tumors. Platinum‐decorated gold nanostars (Pt‐AuNS) are presented as a novel metal nanoprodrug for ferroptotic therapy against MDR tumors. Under dark conditions, the synthesized Pt‐AuNS exhibit negligible levels of toxicity. Upon exposure of the Pt‐AuNS to near‐infrared (NIR) light, active metallic (Pt and Au) species are released, subsequently inducing cytotoxicity. The mechanism of action is attributed to GSH depletion and GPX4 inactivation, accumulating lipid hydroperoxides, which in turn leads to ferroptosis. In in vivo xenograft, the MDR cancer model confirmed the NIR light‐activation of Pt‐AuNS prodrugs, resulting in efficient ferroptotic therapeutic action against MDR tumors without long‐term side effects. The findings lay the groundwork for using Pt‐AuNS prodrugs responsive to NIR light as ferroptosis‐inducing agents in chemo‐resistant cancer cells and demonstrate their potential for use in future clinical applications.
Epitaxial Growth of PbS Nanocrystals from PbI2 Nanosheet Templates and Its Application in Fast Near‐Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Jin Zhixin , Hu Chao , Lan Yang , Cao Yulin , Deng Hui , Yang Xiaokun , Wang Jing , Song Haisheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHeterostructures of 0D/2D materials synergistically combine the advantages of two different materials, and photodetectors (PDs) based on such heterostructures demonstrate superior detection properties as compared to those based on each individual material. Here, a facile solution method is proposed for the fabrication of 0D/2D heterostructures to overcome the limitations of the traditional chemical vapor deposition method. The 0D PbS nanocrystals (NCs) are epitaxially grown from 2D‐PbI2 nanosheet templates by a simple wet‐chemical sulfuration process. The resulting heterojunction PDs demonstrate wide detection range up to 2000 nm, a fast photoresponse of ≈400 µs, and a specific detectivity of more than 1012 Jones. The superior device performances are attributed to the underneath PbI2 layer, which can not only be used as the precursor layer but also help to passivate the defect states of PbS NCs. More importantly, the developed Structured II device with Au–PbI2 Schottky contact effect can suppress the dark current of PD to extend its depletion region and improve the response speed. Overall, this study demonstrates a novel strategy for the growth of 0D/2D heterostructures in conjunction with fast near‐infrared detection, which surmount the limitations of photoconductive detectors in terms of large‐scale synthesis and response speed.
Moving Ions Vary Electronic Conductivity in Lead Bromide Perovskite Single Crystals through Dynamic Doping
Authors: García‐Batlle Marisé , Baussens Oriane , Amari Smaïl , Zaccaro Julien , Gros‐Daillon Eric , Verilhac Jean‐Marie , Guerrero Antonio , Garcia‐Belmonte Germà 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetal halide perovskite single crystals are being explored as functional materials for a variety of optoelectronic applications. Among others, solar cells, field‐effect transistors, and X‐ and γ‐ray detectors have shown improved performance and stability. However, a general uncertainty exists about the relevant mechanisms governing the electronic operation. This is caused by the presence of mobile ions and how these defect species alter the internal electrical field, interact with the contact materials, or modulate electronic properties. Here, a set of high‐quality thick methylammonium lead tribromide single crystals contacted with low‐reactivity chromium electrodes are analyzed by impedance spectroscopy. Through examination of the sample resistance evolution with bias and releasing time, it is revealed that an interplay exists between the perovskite electronic conductivity and the defect distribution within the crystal bulk. Ion diffusion after bias removing changes the local doping density then governing the electronic transport. These findings indicate that the coupling between ionic and electronic properties relies upon a dynamic doping effect caused by moving ions that act as mobile dopants. In addition to electronic features, the analysis extracts values for the ion diffusivity in the range of 10−8 cm2 s−1 in good agreement with other independent measurements.
Can poverty status explain obesity in developing countries? Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Dogbe Wisdom 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe relationship between socioeconomic status and obesity remains inconclusive in both developed and developing countries. In Ghana, the rate of reduction in poverty continues to decline as the gap in poverty between urban and rural areas increases. However, the impact of such an economic inequality on body weights has not yet been studied. Using the Ghana Living Standard Survey 2017 (GLSS7) data from the Ghana Statistical Service, I study the link between poverty and body weights in Ghana. The GLSS7 collects detailed information from households, including their socioeconomic characteristics, health, access to financial services, and asset ownership. Due to the endogeneity between poverty status (proxy for income) and obesity, a recursive bivariate probit model is used to estimate the impact of poverty on participants' body weight measured by body mass index. The results suggest a strong negative relationship between poverty and overweight/obesity (p < .00) in the univariate probit model. Marital status, ethnicity, urbanization, and employment types are found to be factors that significantly influence weight status and poverty status. Obesity is also found to be a condition among household heads of higher socioeconomic status in Ghana. [EconLit Citations: C3, D12, D91, I1].
Occupational buckwheat allergy as a cause of allergic rhinitis, asthma, contact urticaria and anaphylaxis—An emerging problem in food‐handling occupations?
Authors: Jungewelter Soile , Airaksinen Liisa , Pesonen Maria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBuckwheat is a known, though uncommon, allergen in occupational settings. It has recently gained popularity as healthy food and as an ingredient in gluten‐free diets. We describe a series of six patient cases with occupational immediate allergy to buckwheat. Three cooks, two bakers, and a worker in a grocery store were occupationally exposed to buckwheat flour and developed immediate allergy to buckwheat, which was confirmed by skin prick testing and measurement of specific immunoglobulin E antibodies. Four of the patients were diagnosed with occupational asthma, four with occupational rhinitis, and two with occupational contact urticaria caused by buckwheat. Three of the six patients suffered anaphylaxis as consequence of their occupational buckwheat allergy after ingestion of food that contained buckwheat. The high rate of life‐threatening reactions, together with a short exposure time to buckwheat before sensitization occurred in these cases, highlights the importance of a detailed occupational history and a high index of suspicion for occupational food allergens.
Variable infant care contributions in cooperatively breeding groups of wild saddleback tamarins
Authors: Erb Wendy M. , Porter Leila M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAmong non‐human primates, alloparental infant care is most extensive in callitrichines, and is thought to be particularly costly for tamarins whose helpers may suffer increased energy expenditure, weight loss, and reduced feeding time and mobility. The costs and benefits of infant care likely vary among group members yet very few wild studies have investigated variable infant care contributions. We studied infant care over an 8‐month period in four wild groups of saddleback tamarins in Bolivia to evaluate: (a) what forms of infant care are provided, by whom, and when, (b) how individuals adjust their behavior (activity, vigilance, height) while caring for infants, and (c) whether individuals differ in their infant care contributions. We found that infant carrying, food sharing, and grooming varied among groups, and immigrant males—those who joined the group after infants were conceived—participated less in infant care compared to resident males. Adult tamarins fed less, rested more, and increased vigilance while carrying infants. Although we did not detect changes in overall activity budgets between prepartum and postpartum periods, tamarins spent more time scanning their environments postpartum, potentially reflecting increased predation risk to both carriers and infants during this period. Our study provides the first quantitative data on the timing and amount of infant carrying, grooming, and food transfer contributed by all individuals within and among multiple wild groups, filling a critical knowledge gap about the factors affecting infant care, and highlighting evolutionary hypotheses for cooperative breeding in tamarins.
Anisotropic Boron–Carbon Hetero‐Nanosheets for Ultrahigh Energy Density Supercapacitors
Authors: Wu Tianyu , Wu Xingjiang , Li Lianhui , Hao Mingming , Wu Guan , Zhang Ting , Chen Su 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA 2D boron nanosheet that exhibits high theoretical capacitance, around four times that of graphene, is a significant supercapacitor electrode. However, its bulk structure with low interlaminar conduction and porosity restricts the charge transfer, ion diffusion, and energy density. Herein, we develop a new 2D hetero‐nanosheet made of anisotropic boron–carbon nanosheets (ABCNs) by B−C chemical bonds via gas‐phase exfoliation and condensation bottom‐up strategy. The ABCNs are constructed into high flexible supercapacitor electrode by microfluidic electrospinning. The ABCN electrode greatly promotes smooth migration and excessive storage of electrolyte ions due to large interlayer conductivity, ionic pathways, and accessible surfaces. The flexible supercapacitor delivers ultrahigh volumetric energy density of 167.05 mWh cm−3 and capacitance of 534.5 F cm−3. A wearable energy‐sensor system is designed to stably monitor physiological signals.
From scientific obscurity to conservation priority: Research on angler catch rates is the catalyst for saving the hump‐backed mahseer Tor remadevii from extinction
Authors: Pinder Adrian C. , Raghavan Rajeev , Britton J. Robert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The mahseer (Tor spp.) fishes of South and Southeast Asia are iconic megafaunal species that are highly valued by recreational anglers. Knowledge on their populations is limited owing to the challenges associated with sampling these large‐bodied fishes (>50 kg) in remote monsoonal rivers.
Despite its global iconic status among recreational anglers, the hump‐backed mahseer of the Cauvery River (South India) lacked a valid scientific name and was on a trajectory towards extinction until its rapidly declining population status was established by analyses of angler catch records.
Angling records from 1998 to 2012 showed that mahseer catch rates had increased in this period. The resulting publication in Aquatic Conservation (AQC) highlighted the positive role of catch‐and‐release angling in providing information on data‐poor species. However, further analyses showed that these catches comprised not one but two distinct phenotypes.
Before 1993, all mahseer captured were hump‐backed; since then, a blue‐fin phenotype appeared in catches and subsequently dominated them. These results triggered further studies indicating that the hump‐backed mahseer was the endemic Tor remadevii and that the blue‐fin was the invasive Tor khudree, introduced in 1976 and then stocked periodically from hatcheries.
The initial AQC publication successfully demonstrated the high value of organized angling as a monitoring tool for data‐poor fishes and its application to assessing the temporal population patterns of large‐bodied fishes in monsoonal rivers. It was also the catalyst for initiating subsequent studies on T. remadevii that, together, enabled its recent assessment as ‘Critically Endangered’ on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. In the absence of the AQC paper, and the subsequent studies that it triggered, it is highly probable that the species would have remained on a trajectory towards rapid extinction. Instead, the first major steps to safeguarding its future have been taken.