bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Alkaloidal Compounds from Khat (Catha edulis) Leaves
Authors: Kiros Tsegu 
Published: December 2020

Khat belongs to the family Celastraceae, genus Catha, and species edulis. More than 200 compounds have previously been identified in Khat leaves, including: 40 alkaloids, terpenoids and sterol, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Researchers have spent their effort and time merely on study of the alkaloidal components (mainly the stimulant agents, cathinone and cathine) of Khat both qualitatively and quantitatively. The two principal Khat stimulant compounds, cathinone and cathine, by now are well established. But, on the contrary, previous studies on the non-alkaloidal constituents of the plant were limited. The objective of this work was therefore to isolate and characterize compounds from non-alkaloidal fractions of the plant’s leaves. In this work, two non-alkaloidal compounds (KNA-1 and KNA-2) were isolated and characterized from the acid-EtOAc extract of fresh and oven-dried leaves of Khat (Catha edulis). From the present study, it is possible to conclude that investing more effort and time on searching additional non-alkaloidal principles from the leaves of Khat is so necessary. And further works could be done in the future to isolate extra non-alkaloidal compounds from the leaves and other parts of Khat and evaluate their biological activity.
Avances y desafíos de métodos y modelos computacionales aplicados al análisis de información en redes sociales
Authors: Diaz Mendivelso Johan David , Suárez Barón Marco Javier 
Published: December 2020

Este artículo presenta la revisión de la literatura científica dirigida al estudio y análisis del estado actual de investigaciones relacionadas con la aplicación de métodos y modelos para el análisis social en entornos digitales, los cuales faciliten el descubrimiento de conocimiento a partir de la gestión de información contenida en redes sociales de tipo corporativo. El estudio explora temas relacionados con la extracción de información útil y análisis de cadenas textuales utilizando técnicas de indexación semántica latente apoyadas por el procesamiento del lenguaje natural (PLN). Para la revisión, se aplicó una metodología basada en el planteamiento de palabras clave que funcionen como insumo en la búsqueda de documentación en bases de datos indexadas y fuentes primarias; los documentos resultantes se filtran en un análisis detallado que se realiza individualmente, seleccionando así las mejores fuentes para plantear una revisión técnica. Por último, se plantean algunos resultados y trabajos futuros para garantizar el inicio de nuevas investigaciones.
Al realizar la revisión planteada, se detecta que investigaciones de este tipo establecen un camino apropiado para las organizaciones empresariales y sociales, dando estrategias computacionales para descubrir conocimiento a través de técnicas de visualización de patrones, los cuales ayudan a la toma de decisiones sobre I+D+i y permiten garantizar el desarrollo y avance de planes operativos. Se justifica la necesidad de realizar y llevar a cabo proyectos relacionados con temas de análisis de información que se encuentra en entornos virtuales como lo son las redes sociales, aplicando técnicas de PLN y modelos I+D+i; con lo anterior, se podría dar vía libre para el planteamiento de nuevos proyectos que pertenezcan al área de conocimiento.
Tet1Isoforms Differentially Regulate Gene Expression, Synaptic Transmission, and Memory in the Mammalian Brain
Authors: Greer C.B. , Wright J. , Weiss J.D. , Lazarenko R.M. , Moran S.P. , Zhu J. , Chronister K.S. , Jin A.Y. , Kennedy A.J. , Sweatt J.D. , Kaas G.A. 
Published: December 2020

The dynamic regulation of DNA methylation in postmitotic neurons is necessary for memory formation and other adaptive behaviors. Ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) plays a part in these processes by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), thereby initiating active DNA demethylation. However, attempts to pinpoint its exact role in the nervous system have been hindered by contradictory findings, perhaps due in part, to a recent discovery that two isoforms of theTet1gene are differentially expressed from early development into adulthood. Here, we demonstrate that both the shorter transcript (Tet1S) encoding an N-terminally truncated TET1 protein and a full-lengthTet1(Tet1FL) transcript encoding canonical TET1 are co-expressed in the adult mouse brain. We show thatTet1Sis the predominantly expressed isoform and is highly enriched in neurons, whereasTet1FLis generally expressed at lower levels and more abundant in glia, suggesting their roles are at least partially cell type-specific. Using viral-mediated, isoform and neuron-specific molecular tools, we find that the individual repression of each transcript leads to the dysregulation of unique gene ensembles and contrasting changes in basal synaptic transmission. In addition,Tet1Srepression enhances, whileTet1FLimpairs, hippocampal-dependent memory in male mice. Together, our findings demonstrate that eachTet1isoform serves a distinct role in the mammalian brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the brain, activity-dependent changes in gene expression are required for the formation of long-term memories. DNA methylation plays an essential role in orchestrating these learning-induced transcriptional programs by influencing chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding. Once thought of as a stable epigenetic mark, DNA methylation is now known to be impermanent and dynamically regulated, driving neuroplasticity in the brain. We found thatTet1, a member of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of enzymes that mediates removal of DNA methyl marks, is expressed as two separate isoforms in the adult mouse brain and that each differentially regulates gene expression, synaptic transmission and memory formation. Together, our findings demonstrate that eachTet1isoform serves a distinct role in the CNS.
Heterogeneity of Age-Related Neural Hyperactivity along the CA3 Transverse Axis
Authors: Lee Heekyung , Wang Zitong , Zeger Scott L. , Gallagher Michela , Knierim James J. 
Published: December 2020

Age-related memory deficits are correlated with neural hyperactivity in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Abnormal CA3 hyperactivity in aged rats has been proposed to contribute to an imbalance between pattern separation and pattern completion, resulting in overly rigid representations. Recent evidence of functional heterogeneity along the CA3 transverse axis suggests that proximal CA3 supports pattern separation while distal CA3 supports pattern completion. It is not known whether age-related CA3 hyperactivity is uniformly represented along the CA3 transverse axis. We examined the firing rates of CA3 neurons from young and aged, male, Long–Evans rats along the CA3 transverse axis. Consistent with prior studies, young CA3 cells showed an increasing gradient in mean firing rate from proximal to distal CA3. However, aged CA3 cells showed an opposite, decreasing trend, in that CA3 cells in aged rats were hyperactive in proximal CA3, but possibly hypoactive in distal CA3, compared with young (Y) rats. We suggest that, in combination with altered inputs from the entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus (DG), the proximal CA3 region of aged rats may switch from its normal function that reflects the pattern separation output of the DG and instead performs a computation that reflects an abnormal bias toward pattern completion. In parallel, distal CA3 of aged rats may create weaker attractor basins that promote abnormal, bistable representations under certain conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrior work suggested that age-related CA3 hyperactivity enhances pattern completion, resulting in rigid representations. Implicit in prior studies is the notion that hyperactivity is present throughout a functionally homogeneous CA3 network. However, more recent work has demonstrated functional heterogeneity along the CA3 transverse axis, in that proximal CA3 is involved in pattern separation and distal CA3 is involved in pattern completion. Here, we show that age-related hyperactivity is present only in proximal CA3, with potential hypoactivity in distal CA3. This result provides new insight in the role of CA3 in age-related memory impairments, suggesting that the rigid representations in aging result primarily from dysfunction of computational circuits involving the dentate gyrus (DG) and proximal CA3.
Educação popular de base comunitária e pedagogia do comum: memória, trajetória e desafios
Authors: Osorio Vargas Jorge 
Published: December 2020

O artigo é parte de um projeto do autor que, ao lado de educadores e educadoras da América Latina e do Caribe, pretende recuperar a memória da educação popular e seus critérios de análise acerca da trajetória como educadores e educadoras dos núcleos problemáticos do itinerário histórico-pedagógico dos organizadores de educação popular de base comunitária. A partir dessa perspectiva textual-biográfica são retomados, conforme os critérios do autor, os novos signos que ressignificam a educação popular em uma pedagogia do comum.Palavras-chave: Educação popular; Educação comunitária; Pedagogias; Biograficidade. ABSTRACT: This article is part of the author&#39;s project that together with educators from Latin America and the Caribbean intend to recover their memory about popular educacion and their analysis criteria about their trajectory as educators, and the problematic knots of the historical-pedagogical itinerary of community-based popular education organizations. According to the author's criteria, from this biographical perspective the new signs re-signify popular education as a pedagogy of the common.Keywords: Popular education; Communitarian education; Pedagogies; Biograficity.
Principals' role in capacity development of post level one teachers for school leadership
Authors: Khanyi Jabulani Goodwill , Naidoo Parvathy 
Published: December 2020

This study was undertaken to explore the role of principals in the capacity development of post level one teachers for school leadership positions. The success of a school and its attendant learner achievement depends largely on good school leadership. Thus, it is highly unlikely that poor or ineffective school leadership will lead to successful schools. This study argues that it is the responsibility of principals to ensure that ample opportunities exist for leadership development of post level one teachers. A qualitative research approach was selected to investigate the role principals play in building leadership capacity in post level one teachers. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with ten (10) participants at two (2) schools: one (1) principal and four (4) post level one teachers per school. The findings indicated that in both schools there was leadership capacity development taking place, but notably in different forms. It became clear that only some teachers in the participating schools were receiving adequate or effective leadership capacity development. A significant finding of this study is that principals play a fundamental role in the creation of subcommittees to enhance leadership capacity for post level one teachers. The study highlights the need that sub-committees be given sufficient authority and power to make decisions that benefit both the development of teacher leadership as well as improve teaching and learning in schools. Lastly, the study recommends that a five-year leadership capacity building program, as an internal in-service program, be introduced for all post level one teachers in schools to aid leadership capacity development.
Problem-based learning training and implementation: An analysis using semantics in Legitimation Code Theory
Authors: Hassan Salochana Lorraine 
Published: December 2020

This article focuses on Problem-based Learning (PBL) training within a Teaching Development Programme (TDP) and the subsequent application of PBL by candidates, as respondents in this study. An analysis of the training, which followed a medical model approach, is provided, as is the implementation of PBL within the various disciplinary contexts of the respondents. Legitimation Code Theory (LCT), specifically semantics, was applied as a conceptual tool in the analyses.
The data for the study was gathered through: face-to-face interviews with alumni of the TDP; document analysis and reflective journal entries of the researcher. The findings are explained in terms of strengthening and weakening of semantic density (SD) and semantic gravity (SG).
It was found that the adoption of the medical model for training academics, who came from various disciplines, might have resulted in over-contextualisation, which could have compromised the re-contextualisation of knowledge within the various disciplines. The findings also showed that respondents found it challenging to implement PBL in its pure form and needed to adapt the application of PBL to meet the unique requirements of their discipline. Therefore, it is important to consider the diverse nature of disciplines when implementing PBL.
Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Dan Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen King Cake
Authors: Maria Monica , Anshori Mohamad Yusak 
Published: December 2020

The main purpose of this research is to identify the influence of product quality (X1) and service quality (X2) towards King Cake’s customer satisfaction (Y). The population of this research is King Cake’s customers. The sample size is 63 respondents. Respondents are selected using non-probability sampling, which is Purposive Sampling. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis. The validity and reliability testing to each indicator is taken before performing the multiple linear regression analysis. The research shows that product quality (X1) and service quality (X2) significantly influences King Cake’s customer satisfaction (Y). The finding shows that service quality (X2) gives more significant value towards customer satisfaction (Y) than product quality (X1) does.
Analisis Faktor Konfirmatori Bauran Pemasaran Untuk Penciptaan Brand Image Pisang Mas Kirana (Musa Acuminate) Kabupaten Lumajang
Authors: Kurniawan Bagus Putu Yudhia 
Published: December 2020

Economic developments in Lumajang still based on agriculture sector. One of the major agricultural commodities in Lumajang with patented flagship product is the “Pisang Mas Kirana”. Characteristics of “Pisang Mas Kirana” is no different than other agricultural commodities, which is easily broken and consumed in a fresh state, so it needs special treatment in post-harvest handling and the right strategy for the marketing of “Pisang Mas Kirana” to be effective and efficient. One marketing strategy that is widely used is to analyze the marketing mix “Pisang Mas Kirana”. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of each indicator with the marketing mix variables that influence and contribute to the creation of the brand image of “Pisang Mas Kirana”, with the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method to estimate the model parameters. The analysis technique used in this study is a confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that the perception of respondents study to the marketing mix and brand image “Pisang Mas Kirana” were good. Most powerful indicator as a measuring product variable was the color, while the weakest was the packaging. Most powerful indicator as a measure of price variables were price variations, while the weakest was the price of “Pisang Mas Kirana”. Most powerful indicator variable as a measure of the distribution channel was location, while the weakest was transportation. Most powerful indicator as a measure of promotion variable was the media of the promotion, while the weakest was clear information. Most powerful indicator variable as a measure of brand image was the image of the consumer, while the weakest were the image makers.
SKRINING POTENSI PROBIOTIK DAN SITOTOKSIK BAKTERI Weisella confusa ISOLAT DANGKE SAPI
Authors: Djide Nana Juniarti Natsir , Asri Rangga Meidianto 
Published: December 2020

Kasus kanker kolorektal mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya di seluruh dunia. Salah satu upaya pencegahan kanker kolorektal ialah melalui konsumsi probiotik. Weisella confusa tergolong dalam kelompok bakteri asam laktat, isolasi bakteri ini dangke merupakan hal yang baru dan aktivitas probiotik dari isolat ini belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji sifat probiotik W. confusa isolat dangke dan potensi sitotoksiknya terhadap larva udang Artemia salina sebagai skrining awal efek antikanker. Metode pengujian sifat probiotik meliputi uji toleransi terhadap pH rendah dan uji toleransi terhadap garam empedu. Skrining efek sitotoksik dilakukan menggunakan metode BSLT(Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) menggunakan hasil fermentasi 72 jam dari isolat. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, W. confusa isolat dangke menunjukkan sifat toleran terhadap pH 2 dan garam empedu 0,3%. Hasil uji sitotoksikmenunjukkan bahwa filtrat hasil fermentasi memiliki nilai LC50 lebih dari 1000 µg/ml yang menandakan sampel tidak berefek sitotoksik.Disimpulkan bahwabakteri W.confusa isolat dangke menunjukkan potensi sebagai probiotik namun tidak bersifat sitotoksik sehingga tidak berpotensi untuk dilanjutkan pada uji antiproliferasi terhadap sel kanker. Pengujian aktivitas biologis lainnya disarankan untuk mengetahui potensi lain dari bakteri ini.
Pengenalan Pola Garis Telapak Tangan Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor
Authors: Fajriani Nurul 
Published: December 2020

Abstrak Pengenalan telapak tangan merupakan sistem biometrik yang digunakan untuk pengenalan individu pada penggunaan proses autentikasi atau password untuk mendapatkan hak akses. Ini karena telapak tangan memiliki karakteristik unik, dan cenderung stabil. Selain itu, pengenalan telapak tangan tidak mengganggu kenyamanan seseorang saat pengambilan citra. Namun hingga kini masih ada kendala pada sistem pengenalan telapak tangan. Seperti gambar garis telapak yang tidak dalam kondisi baik untuk dikenali, karena diambil dengan menggunakan kamera biasa. Oleh karena itu,. Untuk mendapatkan pengenalan pola telapak tangan yang baik, penelitian ini menggunakan ekstraksi fitur morfologi dan pengenalan pola garis telapak tangan dengan metode Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor (FKNN). Berdasarkan hasil percobaan yang dilakukan, penggunaan metode Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor (FKNN) dalam pengenalan pola garis telapak tangan diperoleh nilai akurasi tertinggi sebesar 93%, dan untuk nilai akurasi rata-rata sebesar 82,6%. Kata kunci: Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor (FKNN), Pengenalan Telapak Tangan Abstract The introduction of the palms is a biometric system used for individual recognition on the use of the authentication process or password to gain access rights. This is because the palms have unique characteristics, and tend to be stable. In addition, the introduction of the palm does not interfere with one's comfort when taking the image. But until now there are still obstacles in the system of recognition of the palm of the hand. Such as palm line drawings that are not in good condition to be recognized, as taken with ordinary camera. Therefore,. To obtain a good palm line image, this study used morphological feature extraction and palm pattern recognition using the Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor (FKNN) method. Based on the experimental results, the use of Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor (FKNN) method in recognition of palm pattern pattern obtained the highest accuracy value of 93%, and for the average accuracy value of 82.6%.
Biomechanical Properties in Different Types of Thin Corneas in Menoufia Population
Authors: Zaky Adel Galal , Ellakwa Amin Faisal , Basiony Ahmed Ibrahim 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background:To evaluate and compare corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) in normal thin (NT) healthy corneas with central corneal thickness (CCT) 470-500 µm with matched thickness in keratoconus suspect (KCS) and keratoconus (KC) and eyes.Methods: A total of 103 eyes in three groups were included prospectively: NT, KCS and KC groups based on clinical examination and pentacam findings. Corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) were measured by the ocular response analyzer (ORA). CCT ,CH and CRF were compared between the three groups and statistically analyzed by variance tests.Results:The three groups consisted of 44 NT, 26 KCS, and 33 KC. The mean CH measured was 8.689 ± 1.775, 9.051 ± 1.1190 and 8.129 ± 0.8539 mmHg in NT, KCS and KC eyes, respectively. The mean CRF was 8.441 ± 1.663, 8.337 ± 1.114 and 7.2422 ± 1.3110 mmHg in NT, KCS and KC eyes, respectively. Within range of central corneal thickness (470 – 500 µm), only mean CRF was statistically significantly different between the NT and KC (P < 0.05); there was no statistically significant difference between NT and KCS, nor the mean CH between each group (P > 0.05).Conclusions: CRF only can be helpful in differentiating KC from NT eyes; KCS could not be predicted with either corneal biomechanical metrics. No benefit from CH in differentiating between the three study groups.
Bacteraemia Variation During The COVID-19 Pandemic; A Multi-Centre UK Secondary Care Ecological Analysis.
Authors: Denny Sarah , Rawson Timothy M , Satta Giovanni , Pallett Scott JC , Abdulaal Ahmed , Hughes Stephen , Gilchrist Mark , Mughal Nabeela , Moore Luke S P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives – We investigated for change in blood stream infections (BSI) with Enterobacterales, coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus during the first UK wave of SARS-CoV-2 across six London hospitals.Methods – A retrospective multicentre ecological analysis was undertaken evaluating all blood cultures taken from adults from 01 April 2017 to 30 April 2020 across six acute hospitals in London. Linear trend analysis and ARIMA models allowing for seasonality were used to look for significant variation.Results –119,584 blood cultures were included. At the height of the UK SARS-CoV-2 first wave in April 2020, Enterobacterales bacteraemias were at an historic low across two London trusts (63/3814, 1.65%), whilst CoNS were at an historic high (173/3814, 4.25%). This differed significantly for both Enterobacterales (p=0.013) and CoNS (p<0.01), when compared with prior periods, even allowing for seasonal variation. S. pneumoniae (p=0.631) and S. aureus (p=0.617) BSI did not vary significant throughout the study period.Conclusions – Significantly fewer than expected Enterobacteriales BSI occurred during the UK peak of the COVID-19 pandemic; identifying potential causes, including potential unintended consequences of national self-isolation public health messaging, is essential. High rates of CoNS BSI, presumably representing contamination associated with increased use of personal protective equipment, may result in inappropriate antimicrobial use and indicates a clear area for intervention during further waves.