bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference group influences and campaign exposure effects on rhino horn demand: Qualitative insights from Vietnam
Authors: Dang Vu Hoai Nam , Nielsen Martin Reinhardt , Jacobsen Jette Bredahl 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

While considerable effort is invested in rhino horn demand reduction campaigns, it is unclear to what extent users are exposed to and accept the messages in these ads.

We investigate recall as an indicator of exposure and the influence of different reference groups by conducting 50 semi‐structured interviews with self‐reported rhino horn users in Hanoi using an interpretative thematic analysis.

The decision to buy or use rhino horn was almost exclusively influenced by peers with perceived expertise using rhino horn, whereas commonly used deliverers of such campaigns—traditional medicine practitioners, doctors, government officials, business leaders and celebrities—had very little influence.

Campaign exposure was relatively high, but campaign influence low as consumers considered recent demand reduction campaigns and the reference groups delivering the message as well as the implementing organizations unreliable and driven by profit.

Willingness to sign a pledge to refrain from buying, using or gifting rhino horn encouraged by employers or association was relatively high. However, the majority of respondents stated they would not comply with this pledge.

Case studies of users or their next of kin having experienced negative or no effect of rhino horn were suggested possibly effective in reducing demand by consumers themselves.

To increase the acceptance of demand reduction campaigns, organizations could consider forgoing their own branding to reduce distrust in the target audience.

We highlight the importance of conducting formative research using both quantitative and qualitative methods based on interviews with actual rhino horn users. While qualitative studies of motivations by confirmed users entail the risk that they retrospectively explain motivations in order to appear internally consistent with their usage of the product, it provides valuable insight into their self‐image and thereby options for affecting their behaviour.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Metro‐SMHOP 01: Metronomics combination with cyclophosphamide‐etoposide and valproic acid for refractory and relapsing pediatric malignancies
Authors: El kababri Maria , Benmiloud Sarra , Cherkaoui Siham , El houdzi Jamila , Maani Khadija , Ansari Nawal , Khoubila Nissrine , Kili Amina , El khorassani Mohammed , Madani Abdellah , Tazi Mohammed Adnane , Ahid Samir , Hessissen Laila , Quessar Asmaa , Harif Mhamed , Khattab Mohammed , André Nicolas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn low‐ and middle‐income countries, therapeutic options for advanced, refractory, or relapsing malignancies are limited due to local constraints such as cost of drugs, distance from oncology centers, and lack of availability of new anticancer drugs. Metronomics, which combines metronomic chemotherapy (MC) and drug repositioning, allows for the provision of new therapeutic options for patients in this setting.Aim of the studyTo evaluate the activity and toxicity of a metronomic regimen in Moroccan pediatric patients with refractory or relapsing malignancies.Patients and methodsFrom July 2014 to January 2018, patients with refractory/relapsing solid tumors treated in five pediatric oncology centers were consecutively enrolled. The metronomic regimen consisted of 28‐day cycles with daily oral administration of cyclophosphamide (30 mg/m2) from days 1 to 21, together with oral etoposide (25 mg/m2) from days 1 to 21 followed by break of one week and daily valproic acid (20 mg/kg) from days 1 to 28.ResultsNinety‐eight children (median age, 8 years) were included. Underlying malignancies were neuroblastoma (24 patients), Ewing sarcoma (18), osteosarcoma (14), rhabdomyosarcoma (14), and miscellaneous tumors (28). A total of 557 cycles were given (median: 6; range, 1‐18 cycles). One‐year progression‐free survival of our patients was 19%, and one‐year overall survival was 22%. Complete response was obtained in three cases (3%), partial response in 11 cases (11%), and tumor stabilization for more than six months in 28 cases (28%).ConclusionThis three‐drug metronomic combination was well tolerated and associated with tumor response and disease stabilization in 42 patients even for a long period.
Structure design and multiobjective optimization of CFRP/aluminum hybrid crash box
Authors: Ma Qihua , Zha Yibin , Dong Boyan , Gan Xuehui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo improve the crashworthiness and reduce vehicle weight, a crash box made of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP)/aluminum (Al) hybrid materials was introduced in the paper. Quasistatic axial compression tests and numerical simulations were conducted for pure Al tubes and CFRP/Al hybrid tubes. The simulation models were validated and were further employed to investigate the effects of geometry, aluminum tube thickness, fiber wrapping angle and CFRP layers on the crashworthiness of the hybrid crash box under axial loading and 30° oblique collision. The multiobjectives were taken to obtain the optimal geometrical dimensions, aluminum tube thickness, wrapping angle, and the number of layers. The crashworthiness of the optimal CFRP/Al hybrid crash box was compared with that of original aluminum crash box. It was found that the mass of the crash box was reduced by 35.21%, while the specific energy absorption (SEA) and mean crushing force (Fmean) were increased by more than 18% and 46%, respectively. The paper was aimed to provide some references for the design and optimization of composite crash box.
Synthesis and fundamental properties of methacrylate polymer containing five‐membered cyclic trithiocarbonate group
Authors: Nishi Masayuki , Komeda Masahiro , Aoyagi Naoto , Yoshida Yoshiaki , Endo Takeshi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract4‐(1,3‐Dithia‐2‐thioxocyclopenthyl)methacrylate (TCMA), containing the five‐membered trithiocarbonate moiety, was prepared from glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) through 2,3‐epithiopropyl methacrylate (ETMA). At first step, GMA was converted to ETMA by the reaction using thiourea. At second step, ETMA was reacted efficiently with carbon disulfide in the presence of a catalytic amount of 1,2‐dimethyltetrahydropyrimidine to give TCMA. The polymerization of TCMA proceeded under standard radical conditions to give the polymeric TCMA in 94% yield. The copolymerizations of TCMA with ethyl acrylate (EA) or acrylonitrile (AN) were conducted by changing the feed molar ratios of the monomers, in which the corresponding copolymers were obtained in over 83% yields. In addition, the obtained polymers showed the high values of refractive index over ca. 1.6 due to the presence of the cyclic trithiocarbonate structure.
Synthesis of a conjugated polymer for sensing ferric/ferrous cations based on dual responses
Authors: Zhang Yichen , Zhan Hao , Chen Jiajun , Sun Lijuan , Fan Li‐Juan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA conjugated polymer (PPETE‐RB) with poly[p‐(phenylene ethynylene)‐alt‐(thienylene‐ethynylene)] (PPETE) as the backbone with pendant rhodamine B (RB) groups in the close‐ring spirolactam form was synthesized. With long spacer between backbone and pedant groups as well as long solubilizing side chains, the polymer possesses good solubility in most organic solvents and relatively large molecular weight. The fluorescence of the conjugated polymer in THF exhibited selective dual responses upon adding Fe3+/Fe2+ but negligible response upon other cations. The emission around 481 nm (excited at 360 nm) decreased and that around 571 nm (excited at 520 nm) emerged and increased when increasing the concentration of iron ions. The responses to Fe3+ and Fe2+ are very similar. The limits of detection were found to fall in between 6 μM and 8 μM. The mechanism study showed that the quenching around 481 nm was due to the inner filter effect (IFE) between the Fe3+/Fe2+ and PPETE‐RB; while that enhancement around 571 nm could be attributed to the formation of fluorescent ring‐open structure from nonfluorescent spirolactam of pedant RB group upon Fe3+/Fe2+. Such dual and opposite responses provided more reliable information than single response for sensing applications.
CXCL12γ induces human prostate and mammary gland development
Authors: Jung Younghun , Kim Jin Koo , Lee Eunsohl , Cackowski Frank C. , Decker Ann M. , Krebsbach Paul H. , Taichman Russell S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpithelial stem cells (ESCs) demonstrate a capacity to maintain normal tissues homeostasis and ESCs with a deregulated behavior can contribute to cancer development. The ability to reprogram normal tissue epithelial cells into prostate or mammary stem‐like cells holds great promise to help understand cell of origin and lineage plasticity in prostate and breast cancers in addition to understanding normal gland development. We previously showed that an intracellular chemokine, CXCL12γ induced cancer stem cells and neuroendocrine characteristics in both prostate and breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. However, its role in normal prostate or mammary epithelial cell fate and development remains unknown. Therefore, we sought to elucidate the functional role of CXCL12γ in the regulation of ESCs and tissue development.MethodsProstate epithelial cells (PNT2) or mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) with overexpressed CXCL12γ was characterized by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blots, and immunofluorescence for lineage marker expression, and fluorescence activated cell sorting analyses and sphere formation assays to examine stem cell surface phenotype and function. Xenotransplantation animal models were used to evaluate gland or acini formation in vivo.ResultsOverexpression of CXCL12γ promotes the reprogramming of cells with a differentiated luminal phenotype to a nonluminal phenotype in both prostate (PNT2) and mammary (MCF10A) epithelial cells. The CXCL12γ‐mediated nonluminal type cells results in an increase of epithelial stem‐like phenotype including the subpopulation of EPCAMLo/CD49fHi/CD24Lo/CD44Hi cells capable of sphere formation. Critically, overexpression of CXCL12γ promotes the generation of robust gland‐like structures from both prostate and mammary epithelial cells in in vivo xenograft animal models.ConclusionsCXCL12γ supports the reprogramming of epithelial cells into nonluminal cell‐derived stem cells, which facilitates gland development.
Composting susceptible fruit wastes reduces Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) reproductive habitat
Authors: Hooper Holly , Grieshop Matthew J 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDDrosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an invasive, polyphagous vinegar fly pest that is primarily controlled by calendar‐based broad‐spectrum insecticide programs. Nonchemical management tactics are urgently needed to reestablish IPM within affected berry and cherry cropping systems. Composting is a post‐harvest crop sanitation strategy that could potentially be used to manage D. suzukii infestation of fruit wastes.RESULTSThis study found that D. suzukii emergence decreased exponentially with an increasing proportion of chicken manure, with emergence reduced by 95% in compost treatments containing 25% chicken manure. Furthermore, Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) demonstrated a response similar to D. suzukii in the field.CONCLUSIONIntegrating this control tactic into existing D. suzukii management programs may help to reduce the need for insecticide applications for D. suzukii as well as provide improved management of other Drosophila spp. in post‐harvest systems.
Median control charts for monitoring asymmetric quality characteristics double bounded
Authors: Lima‐Filho Luiz M. A. , Bourguignon Marcelo , Ho Linda L. , Fernandes Fidel Henrique 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn many practical situations, the quality characteristics of interest assume values in the range (0,1), like rates and proportions (but they are not results from Bernoulli experiments). Most control charts built for these quality characteristics rely on monitoring parameters of their probability distribution functions or on their averages after some reparameterization of their density probability function. However, for highly asymmetric distributions, the median is a more appropriate location parameter than the average. In this paper, we propose Shewhart‐type control charts for monitoring the median of observations taken from quality characteristics double bounded after reparameterization of two probability density functions: Kumaraswamy and unit Weibull. The performance of the control charts is evaluated and compared in terms of run length (RL) analysis considering three estimators for the median. Finally, we also carry out two applications to demonstrate the applicability of these control charts.
A method for stable carbon isotope measurement of underivatized individual amino acids by multi‐dimensional high‐performance liquid chromatography and elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Sun Yuchen , Ishikawa Naoto F. , Ogawa Nanako O. , Kawahata Hodaka , Takano Yoshinori , Ohkouchi Naohiko 
Published: July 2020

RationaleTo achieve better precision and accuracy for δ13C analysis of individual amino acids (AAs), we have developed a new analytical method based on multi‐dimensional high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS). Unlike conventional methods using gas chromatography, this approach omits pre‐column chemical derivatization, thus reducing systematic errors associated with the isotopic measurement.MethodsThe separation and isolation of individual AAs in a standard mixture containing 15 AAs and a biological sample, spear squid (Heterololigo bleekeri) were performed. AAs were isolated using an HPLC system equipped with a reversed‐phase column and a mixed‐mode column and collected using a fraction collector. After the chromatographic separation and further post‐HPLC purification, the δ13C values of AAs were measured by EA/IRMS.ResultsThe complete isolation of all 15 AAs in the standard mixture was achieved. The δ13C values of these AAs before and after the experiment were in good agreement. Also, 15 AAs in the biological sample, H. bleekeri, were successfully measured. The δ13C values of AAs in H. bleekeri varied by as much as 30‰ with glycine being most enriched in13C.ConclusionsThe consistency between the δ13C values of reference and processed AAs demonstrates that the experimental procedure generates accurate δ13C values unaffected by fractionation effects and contamination. This method is therefore suitable for δ13C analysis of biological samples with higher precision than conventional approaches. We propose this new method as a tool to measure δ13C values of AAs in biological, ecological and biogeochemical studies.
Lessons from dermatology about inflammatory responses in Covid‐19
Authors: Criado Paulo Ricardo , Pagliari Carla , Carneiro Francisca Regina Oliveira , Quaresma Juarez Antonio Simões 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe SARS‐Cov‐2 is a single‐stranded RNA virus composed of 16 non‐structural proteins (NSP 1‐16) with specific roles in the replication of coronaviruses. NSP3 has the property to block host innate immune response and to promote cytokine expression. NSP5 can inhibit interferon (IFN) signalling and NSP16 prevents MAD5 recognition, depressing the innate immunity. Dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages are the first cell lineage against viruses' infections. The IFN type I is the danger signal for the human body during this clinical setting. Protective immune responses to viral infection are initiated by innate immune sensors that survey extracellular and intracellular space for foreign nucleic acids. In Covid‐19 the pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, but viral and host factors seem to play a key role. Important points in severe Covid‐19 are characterized by an upregulated innate immune response, hypercoagulopathy state, pulmonary tissue damage, neurological and/or gastrointestinal tract involvement, and fatal outcome in severe cases of macrophage activation syndrome, which produce a ‘cytokine storm’. These systemic conditions share polymorphous cutaneous lesions where innate immune system is involved in the histopathological findings with acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypercoagulability, hyperferritinemia, increased serum levels of D‐dimer, lactic dehydrogenase, reactive‐C‐protein and serum A amyloid. It is described that several polymorphous cutaneous lesions similar to erythema pernio, urticarial rashes, diffuse or disseminated erythema, livedo racemosa, blue toe syndrome, retiform purpura, vesicles lesions, and purpuric exanthema or exanthema with clinical aspects of symmetrical drug‐related intertriginous and flexural exanthema. This review describes the complexity of Covid‐19, its pathophysiological and clinical aspects.
Robust control design for teleoperation of multiple mobile manipulators under time delays
Authors: Ahmad Usman , Pan Ya‐Jun , Shen Henghua 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article addresses a novel multilateral teleoperation control scheme for single‐master multiple slave systems, which can be extended to n masters and n slaves without the loss of generality, where the master is a m degrees of freedom (DOF) manipulator arm and the slaves are m DOF mobile manipulators. The human operator operates the master robot to remotely control the slaves handling a target object. The master position signal is transmitted to the slave side to generate a desired object trajectory as well as the reference mobile base velocity. An adaptive robust controller is designed for the slaves to follow the desired trajectory from the master, which not only provides the excellent trajectory tracking but also optimize the internal force distribution of the object. A null space controller is designed for the mobile platforms of the mobile manipulators to achieve the velocity consensus while achieving the main task of object transportation. The novel control design uses the transmission of the environmental force feedback over the communication channel by the estimated parameters of the environment, which helps retain the stability of the overall system. The environmental force is predicted on the master side based on the estimated environmental parameters. The proposed control design can simultaneously achieve the objectives of stability, synchronization, and optimal internal force distribution. The simulation results of a single‐master and three slaves teleoperation system validate the efficacy of the proposed control algorithm.
Cell-based and antibody-mediated immunotherapies directed against leukemic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia: Perspectives and open issues
Authors: Valent Peter , Bauer Karin , Sadovnik Irina , Smiljkovic Dubravka , Ivanov Daniel , Herrmann Harald , Filik Yüksel , Eisenwort Gregor , Sperr Wolfgang R. , Rabitsch Werner 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Despite new insights in molecular features of leukemic cells and the availability of novel treatment approaches and drugs, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a major clinical challenge. In fact, many patients with AML relapse after standard therapy and eventually die from progressive disease. The basic concept of leukemic stem cells (LSC) has been coined with the goal to decipher clonal architectures in various leukemia-models and to develop curative drug therapies by eliminating LSC. Indeed, during the past few years, various immunotherapies have been tested in AML, and several of these therapies follow the strategy to eliminate relevant leukemic subclones by introducing LSC-targeting antibodies or LSC-targeting immune cells. These therapies include, among others, new generations of LSC-eliminating antibody-constructs, checkpoint-targeting antibodies, bi-specific antibodies, and CAR-T or CAR-NK cell-based strategies. However, responses are often limited and/or transient which may be due to LSC resistance. Indeed, AML LSC exhibit multiple forms of resistance against various drugs and immunotherapies. An additional problems are treatment-induced myelotoxicity and other side effects. The current article provides a short overview of immunological targets expressed on LSC in AML. Moreover, cell-based therapies and immunotherapies tested in AML are discussed. Finally, the article provides an overview about LSC resistance and strategies to overcome resistance.
Effect of the dosage of MWCNT's on deterioration resistant of concrete subjected to combined freeze–thaw cycles and sulfate attack
Authors: Gao Fangfang , Tian Wei , Wang Yawei , Wang Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the deterioration resistant of concrete with and without multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) against combined freeze–thaw cycles and sulfate attack was studied, and concretes incorporating MWCNTs (i.e., 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 wt%) as partial replacement of Portland cement were exposed to 5% sodium sulfate solution under freeze–thaw cycles. The performance, including compressive strength, relative dynamic elastic modulus, mass loss, microstructure, deterioration resistant coefficient of concretes were evaluated. Results show that when exposed to 5% sodium sulfate solution, MWCNTs could enhance the mechanical and durability properties of concrete subjected to combined freeze–thaw cycles and sulfate attack, regardless of the dosage of MWCNTs. The deterioration resistant of MWCNTs concrete was not increase with the increase dosage of MWCNTs. And the best resistance performance was obtained in concrete containing lower dosage of MWCNTs. In addition, MWCNTs could promote formation of hydration and corrosion products, and delay deterioration of concrete was demonstrated by SEM and thermogravimetric analysis.
A comparative study on rumen ecology of water buffalo and cattle calves under similar feeding regime
Authors: Wang Qiyan , Gao Xiaomei , Yang Yunyan , Zou Caixia , Yang Yingbai , Lin Bo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn all, 12 male water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves and Holstein (Bos taurus) calves of similar age (10 ± 5 days) were selected to explore the mechanism underlying the differences in growth performance and feed conversion ratio between the two species. The experiment contains 33 days of sucking period and 40 days of post‐weaning period. Both calves were fed the same amounts of milk in sucking period, and starter and oat grass were supplied ad libitum both before and after the weaning period. Feed intake, growth performance, ruminal fermentation parameters and the ruminal microbial community were measured the during experiment period. Results showed no differences in growth performance and feed intake between the two species in sucking period; however, the feed/gain ratio (F/G) of the water buffalo was higher than that of Holstein calve (p > 0.05). After weaning, the intake of starter by the Holstein calf was higher while intake of grass by the water buffalo was higher resulting in higher growth performance of and a lower F/G ratio for Holstein (p < 0.05). The rumen of Holstein calf showed higher levels of propionate, lower levels of acetate and branched‐chain fatty acids than that of water buffalo during both periods (p < 0.05). The rumen of water buffalo showed a higher number of observed bacterial species and Shannon diversity as compared with that of Holstein calf. The members belonging to the bacterial phylum Bacteroides and genus Prevotella in the rumen of Holstein calf were higher (p < 0.05), while Firmicutes and fibrolytic bacteria Ruminobacter and Ruminococcus were lower (p < 0.05) than that of water buffalo. In conclusion, the water buffalo calves demonstrated clearly of having significant population of bacterial community and better fibre digestion than those of cattle calves.