bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological impact of ultraviolet-B radiation on spider mites and its application in integrated pest management
Authors: Osakabe Masahiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany plant-dwelling mites reside on lower leaf surfaces. The biological impact of solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on spider mites has been demonstrated over the last decade. Due to the serious problem of acaricide resistance in spider mites, the development of alternative control methods and establishment of an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy are urgently needed, especially for greenhouse horticultural crops such as strawberries. A physical control method for spider mites using UV-B lamps (UV-B method) has been established. Using the UV-B method, simultaneous control of spider mites and powdery mildew, a major disease, is possible, making it is a favorable IPM strategy. Here, I introduce general findings regarding the biological impact of UV radiation on spider mites and phytoseiid mites, useful natural enemies for biological control, over the last decade, including dose response, effective wavelengths, and photoreactivation. Moreover, I introduce the application of UV-B to spider mite control in strawberry greenhouses, including the possibility of concurrent use with biological control via phytoseiid mites, and discuss its possible contributions to IPM.
Robotic Bronchoscopy for the Diagnosis of Peripheral Lung Nodules: a Review
Authors: Puchalski Jonathan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Conventional bronchoscopy has limitations based on an inability to accurately reach and reliably diagnose peripheral lesions with many studies having a yield of less than 50%. Although newer technology such as virtual bronchoscopy, use of smaller bronchoscopes, peripheral endobronchial ultrasound, and electromagnetic navigation may have some improvements and a better safety profile, oftentimes transthoracic or surgical biopsies are required to establish a diagnosis and rule out malignancy. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential benefits of robotic bronchoscopy, the latest in technological advances for this very common medical issue.

Recent Findings
Recently published early studies suggest the yield of robotic bronchoscopy may surpass 90%. Studies performed in cadavers and humans suggest robotic bronchoscopic platforms are better than currently existing bronchoscopic modalities for lung nodule diagnosis and have a favorable safety profile.

Summary
Although additional multi-center randomized clinical trials are needed, robotic bronchoscopy appears poised to supplement current bronchoscopic techniques for establishing a diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.
Should COVID-19 Mother Breastfeed her Newborn Child? A Literature Review on the Safety of Breastfeeding for Pregnant Women with COVID-19
Authors: Bhatt Harshil 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Breastfeeding is beneficial to both the newborn and the mother. During the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns have been raised on whether the SARS-CoV-2 virus could be transmitted from COVID-19 positive mother to the newborn through breastmilk. The purpose of this review is to examine the available evidence on the risks of transmission of infection from COVID-19 mothers to their newborns through breastfeeding.

Recent Findings
Data is very limited in this regard, with only a few smaller case series, and case reports have been published so far. In most of the studies, breastmilk samples from COVID-19 mothers tested negative for the virus. In the case reports where the virus was detected in breastmilk and the infants were diagnosed with COVID-19, it remained unclear whether the disease was transmitted through breastmilk or direct contact or through delivery. Another hypothesis is that the viral antibodies could pass to the newborn passively through breastmilk of COVID-19 positive mothers and give immunity to the child, but data is minimal.

Summary
Based on the currently available limited evidence and recognizing the benefits of breastfeeding, it may be concluded that if the health of the mother and her newborn allows, direct breastfeeding or extracted breastmilk should be encouraged by the healthcare providers after a careful discussion of the risks of vertical transmission to the mother and her family. Preventive measures should be taken by COVID-19 mothers to prevent droplet transmission of infection to the infants while breastfeeding.
Genetic programming with separability detection for symbolic regression
Authors: Liu Wei-Li , Yang Jiaquan , Zhong Jinghui , Wang Shibin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGenetic Programming (GP) is a popular and powerful evolutionary optimization algorithm that has a wide range of applications such as symbolic regression, classification and program synthesis. However, existing GPs often ignore the intrinsic structure of the ground truth equation of the symbolic regression problem. To improve the search efficacy of GP on symbolic regression problems by fully exploiting the intrinsic structure information, this paper proposes a genetic programming with separability detection technique (SD-GP). In the proposed SD-GP, a separability detection method is proposed to detect additive separable characteristics of input features from the observed data. Then based on the separability detection results, a chromosome representation is proposed, which utilizes multiple sub chromosomes to represent the final solution. Some sub chromosomes are used to construct separable sub functions by using separate input features, while the other sub chromosomes are used to construct sub functions by using all input features. The final solution is the weighted sum of all sub functions, and the optimal weights of sub functions are obtained by using the least squares method. In this way, the structure information can be learnt and the global search ability of GP can be maintained. Experimental results on synthetic problems with differing characteristics have demonstrated that the proposed SD-GP can perform better than several state-of-the-art GPs in terms of the success rate of finding the optimal solution and the convergence speed.
Breaking and mining-induced stress evolution of overlying strata in the working face of a steeply dipping coal seam
Authors: Chi Xiaolou , Yang Ke , Wei Zhen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe breaking features and stress distribution of overlying strata in a steeply dipping coal seam (SDCS) differ significantly from those in a near-horizontal one. In this study, the laws governing the evolution of vertical stress release and shear stress concentration in the overlying strata of coal seams with different dip angles are derived via numerical simulation, rock mechanics tests, acoustic emissions, and field measurements. Thus, the stress-driven dynamic evolution of the overlying strata structure, in which a shear stress arch forms, is determined. Upon breaking the lower part of the overlying strata, the shear stress transfers rapidly to the upper part of the working face. The damaged zone of the overlying strata migrates upward along the dip direction of the working face. The gangue in the lower part of the working face is compacted, leading to an increase in vertical stress. As the dip angle of the coal seam increases, the overlying strata fail suddenly under the action of shear stresses. Finally, the behavioral response of the overlying strata driven by shear stresses in the longwall working face of an SDCS is identified and analyzed in detail. The present research findings reveal the laws governing the behavior of mine pressure in the working face of an SDCS, which in turn can be used to establish the respective on-site guidance.
Ta-Doped Sb2Te Allows Ultrafast Phase-Change Memory with Excellent High-Temperature Operation Characteristics
Authors: Xue Yuan , Yan Shuai , Lv Shilong , Song Sannian , Song Zhitang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhase-change memory (PCM) has considerable promise for new applications based on von Neumann and emerging neuromorphic computing systems. However, a key challenge in harnessing the advantages of PCM devices is achieving high-speed operation of these devices at elevated temperatures, which is critical for the efficient processing and reliable storage of data at full capacity. Herein, we report a novel PCM device based on Ta-doped antimony telluride (Sb2Te), which exhibits both high-speed characteristics and excellent high-temperature characteristics, with an operation speed of 2 ns, endurance of > 106 cycles, and reversible switching at 140 °C. The high coordination number of Ta and the strong bonds between Ta and Sb/Te atoms contribute to the robustness of the amorphous structure, which improves the thermal stability. Furthermore, the small grains in the three-dimensional limit lead to an increased energy efficiency and a reduced risk of layer segregation, reducing the power consumption and improving the long-term endurance. Our findings for this new Ta–Sb2Te material system can facilitate the development of PCMs with improved performance and novel applications.
Bacteria-Mediated Synergistic Cancer Therapy: Small Microbiome Has a Big Hope
Authors: Lou Xinyu , Chen Zhichao , He Zhonggui , Sun Mengchi , Sun Jin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe use of bacteria to specifically migrate to cancerous tissue and elicit an antitumor immune response provides a promising platform against cancer with significantly high potency. With dozens of clinical trials underway, some researchers hold the following views: “humans are nearing the first commercial live bacteria therapeutic.” However, the facultative anaerobe Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009, which is particularly safe and shows anticancer effects in preclinical studies, had failed in a phase I clinical trial due to low tumor regression and undesired dose-dependent side effects. This is almost certain to disappoint people’s inflated expectations, but it is noted that recent state-of-the-art research has turned attention to bacteria-mediated synergistic cancer therapy (BMSCT). In this review, the foundation of bacteria-mediated bio-therapy is outlined. Then, we summarize the potential benefits and challenges of bacterial bio-therapy in combination with different traditional anticancer therapeutic modalities (chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species therapy, immunotherapy, or prodrug-activating therapy) in the past 5 years. Next, we discuss multiple administration routes of BMSCT, highlighting potentiated antitumor responses and avoidance of potential side effects. Finally, we envision the opportunities and challenges for BMSCT development, with the purpose of inspiring medicinal scientists to widely utilize the microbiome approach in patient populations.
A Bulk-Heterostructure Nanocomposite Electrolyte of Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ–SrTiO3 for Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Cai Yixiao , Chen Yang , Akbar Muhammad , Jin Bin , Tu Zhengwen , Mushtaq Naveed , Wang Baoyuan , Qu Xiangyang , Xia Chen , Huang Yizhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSince colossal ionic conductivity was detected in the planar heterostructures consisting of fluorite and perovskite, heterostructures have drawn great research interest as potential electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, so far, the practical uses of such promising material have failed to materialize in SOFCs due to the short circuit risk caused by SrTiO3. In this study, a series of fluorite/perovskite heterostructures made of Sm-doped CeO2 and SrTiO3 (SDC–STO) are developed in a new bulk-heterostructure form and evaluated as electrolytes. The prepared cells exhibit a peak power density of 892 mW cm−2 along with open circuit voltage of 1.1 V at 550 °C for the optimal composition of 4SDC–6STO. Further electrical studies reveal a high ionic conductivity of 0.05–0.14 S cm−1 at 450–550 °C, which shows remarkable enhancement compared to that of simplex SDC. Via AC impedance analysis, it has been shown that the small grain-boundary and electrode polarization resistances play the major roles in resulting in the superior performance. Furthermore, a Schottky junction effect is proposed by considering the work functions and electronic affinities to interpret the avoidance of short circuit in the SDC–STO cell. Our findings thus indicate a new insight to design electrolytes for low-temperature SOFCs.
Developing the FILL+ Tool to Reliably Classify Classroom Practices Using Lecture Recordings
Authors: Kinnear George , Smith Steph , Anderson Ross , Gant Thomas , MacKay Jill R D , Docherty Pamela , Rhind Susan , Galloway Ross 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLectures are a commonly used teaching method in higher education, but there is significant debate about the relative merits of different classroom practices. Various classroom observation tools have been developed to try to give insight into these practices, beyond the simple dichotomy of “traditional lecturing versus active learning”. Here we review of a selection of classroom observation protocols from an ethological perspective and describe how this informed the development of a new protocol, FILL+. We demonstrate that FILL+ can be applied reliably by undergraduate students after minimal training. We analysed a sample of 208 lecture recordings from Mathematics, Physics, and Veterinary Medicine and found a wide variety of classroom practices, e.g. on average lecturers spent 2.1% (± 2.6%) of the time asking questions, and 79.3% (± 19%) of the lecture talking, but individuals varied considerably. The FILL+ protocol has the potential to be widely used, both in research on effective teaching practices, and in informing discussion of pedagogical approaches within institutions and disciplines.
An in vitro model for investigation of vitamin A effects on wound	healing
Authors: Neghab Hoda Keshmiri , Soheilifar Mohammad Hasan , Djavid Gholamreza Esmaeeli 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Wound healing consists of a series of highly orderly overlapping processes characterized by hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Prolongation or interruption in each phase can lead to delayed wound healing or a non-healing chronic wound. Vitamin A is a crucial nutrient that is most beneficial for the health of the skin. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of vitamin A on regeneration, angiogenesis, and inflammation characteristics in an in vitro model system during wound healing. For this purpose, mouse skin normal fibroblast (L929), human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), and monocyte/macrophage-like cell line (RAW 264.7) were considered to evaluate proliferation, angiogenesis, and anti-inﬂammatory responses, respectively. Vitamin A (0.1–5 μM) increased cellular proliferation of L929 and HUVEC (p < 0.05). Similarly, it stimulated angiogenesis by promoting endothelial cell migration up to approximately 4 fold and interestingly tube formation up to 8.5 fold (p < 0.01). Furthermore, vitamin A treatment was shown to decrease the level of nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent effect (p < 0.05), exhibiting the anti-inflammatory property of vitamin A in accelerating wound healing. These results may reveal the therapeutic potential of vitamin A in diabetic wound healing by stimulating regeneration, angiogenesis, and anti-inﬂammation responses.
Spatial Variability of the Snowmelt‐Albedo Feedback in Antarctica
Authors: Jakobs C. L. , Reijmer C. H. , van den Broeke M. R. , van de Berg W. J. , van Wessem J. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSurface melt is an important process for the stability of ice shelves, and therewith the Antarctic ice sheet. In Antarctica, absorption of solar radiation is mostly the largest energy source for surface melt, which is further enhanced by the snowmelt‐albedo feedback (SMAF): Refrozen snow has a lower albedo than new snow, which causes it to absorb more solar radiation, further increasing the energy available for surface melt. This feedback has previously been shown to increase surface melt by approximately a factor of 2.5 at Neumayer Station in East Antarctica. In this study, we use a regional climate model to quantify SMAF for the entire Antarctic ice sheet. We find that it is most effective on ice shelves in East Antarctica, and is less important in the Antarctic Peninsula and on the Ross and Filchner‐Ronne ice shelves. We identify a relationship between SMAF and average summer 2 m air temperatures, and find that SMAF is most important around 265 ± 2 K. On a subseasonal scale, we identify several parameters that contribute to SMAF: the length of dry periods, the time between significant snowfall events and snowmelt events, and prevailing temperatures. We then apply the same temperature dependency of SMAF to the Greenland ice sheet and find that it is potentially active in a narrow band around the ice sheet, and finally discuss how the importance of SMAF could change in a warming climate.
Structural basis for voltage-sensor trapping of the cardiac sodium channel by a deathstalker scorpion toxin
Authors: Jiang Daohua , Tonggu Lige , Gamal El-Din Tamer M. , Banh Richard , Pomès Régis , Zheng Ning , Catterall William A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVoltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels initiate action potentials in excitable cells, and their function is altered by potent gating-modifier toxins. The α-toxin LqhIII from the deathstalker scorpion inhibits fast inactivation of cardiac NaV1.5 channels with IC50 = 11.4 nM. Here we reveal the structure of LqhIII bound to NaV1.5 at 3.3 Å resolution by cryo-EM. LqhIII anchors on top of voltage-sensing domain IV, wedged between the S1-S2 and S3-S4 linkers, which traps the gating charges of the S4 segment in a unique intermediate-activated state stabilized by four ion-pairs. This conformational change is propagated inward to weaken binding of the fast inactivation gate and favor opening the activation gate. However, these changes do not permit Na+ permeation, revealing why LqhIII slows inactivation of NaV channels but does not open them. Our results provide important insights into the structural basis for gating-modifier toxin binding, voltage-sensor trapping, and fast inactivation of NaV channels.
Nanoscale decoupling of electronic nematicity and structural anisotropy in FeSe thin films
Authors: Ren Zheng , Li Hong , Zhao He , Sharma Shrinkhala , Wang Ziqiang , Zeljkovic Ilija 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn a material prone to a nematic instability, anisotropic strain in principle provides a preferred symmetry-breaking direction for the electronic nematic state to follow. This is consistent with experimental observations, where electronic nematicity and structural anisotropy typically appear hand-in-hand. In this work, we discover that electronic nematicity can be locally decoupled from the underlying structural anisotropy in strain-engineered iron-selenide (FeSe) thin films. We use heteroepitaxial molecular beam epitaxy to grow FeSe with a nanoscale network of modulations that give rise to spatially varying strain. We map local anisotropic strain by analyzing scanning tunneling microscopy topographs, and visualize electronic nematic domains from concomitant spectroscopic maps. While the domains form so that the energy of nemato-elastic coupling is minimized, we observe distinct regions where electronic nematic ordering fails to flip direction, even though the underlying structural anisotropy is locally reversed. The findings point towards a nanometer-scale stiffness of the nematic order parameter.
Group 2i Isochrysidales produce characteristic alkenones reflecting sea ice distribution
Authors: Wang Karen Jiaxi , Huang Yongsong , Majaneva Markus , Belt Simon T. , Liao Sian , Novak Joseph , Kartzinel Tyler R. , Herbert Timothy D. , Richter Nora , Cabedo-Sanz Patricia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlkenones are biomarkers produced solely by algae in the order Isochrysidales that have been used to reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) since the 1980s. However, alkenone-based SST reconstructions in the northern high latitude oceans show significant bias towards warmer temperatures in core-tops, diverge from other SST proxies in down core records, and are often accompanied by anomalously high relative abundance of the C37 tetra-unsaturated methyl alkenone (%C37:4). Elevated %C37:4 is widely interpreted as an indicator of low sea surface salinity from polar water masses, but its biological source has thus far remained elusive. Here we identify a lineage of Isochrysidales that is responsible for elevated C37:4 methyl alkenone in the northern high latitude oceans through next-generation sequencing and lab-culture experiments. This Isochrysidales lineage co-occurs widely with sea ice in marine environments and is distinct from other known marine alkenone-producers, namely Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica. More importantly, the %C37:4 in seawater filtered particulate organic matter and surface sediments is significantly correlated with annual mean sea ice concentrations. In sediment cores from the Svalbard region, the %C37:4 concentration aligns with the Greenland temperature record and other qualitative regional sea ice records spanning the past 14 kyrs, reflecting sea ice concentrations quantitatively. Our findings imply that %C37:4 is a powerful proxy for reconstructing sea ice conditions in the high latitude oceans on thousand- and, potentially, on million-year timescales.
Efficient assembly of nanopore reads via highly accurate and intact error correction
Authors: Chen Ying , Nie Fan , Xie Shang-Qian , Zheng Ying-Feng , Dai Qi , Bray Thomas , Wang Yao-Xin , Xing Jian-Feng , Huang Zhi-Jian , Wang De-Peng , He Li-Juan , Luo Feng , Wang Jian-Xin , Liu Yi-Zhi , Xiao Chuan-Le 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLong nanopore reads are advantageous in de novo genome assembly. However, nanopore reads usually have broad error distribution and high-error-rate subsequences. Existing error correction tools cannot correct nanopore reads efficiently and effectively. Most methods trim high-error-rate subsequences during error correction, which reduces both the length of the reads and contiguity of the final assembly. Here, we develop an error correction, and de novo assembly tool designed to overcome complex errors in nanopore reads. We propose an adaptive read selection and two-step progressive method to quickly correct nanopore reads to high accuracy. We introduce a two-stage assembler to utilize the full length of nanopore reads. Our tool achieves superior performance in both error correction and de novo assembling nanopore reads. It requires only 8122 hours to assemble a 35X coverage human genome and achieves a 2.47-fold improvement in NG50. Furthermore, our assembly of the human WERI cell line shows an NG50 of 22 Mbp. The high-quality assembly of nanopore reads can significantly reduce false positives in structure variation detection.
Hydroxamic acid-modified peptide microarrays for profiling isozyme-selective interactions and inhibition of histone deacetylases
Authors: Moreno-Yruela Carlos , Bæk Michael , Vrsanova Adela-Eugenie , Schulte Clemens , Maric Hans M. , Olsen Christian A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHistones control gene expression by regulating chromatin structure and function. The posttranslational modifications (PTMs) on the side chains of histones form the epigenetic landscape, which is tightly controlled by epigenetic modulator enzymes and further recognized by so-called reader domains. Histone microarrays have been widely applied to investigate histone–reader interactions, but not the transient interactions of Zn2+-dependent histone deacetylase (HDAC) eraser enzymes. Here, we synthesize hydroxamic acid-modified histone peptides and use them in femtomolar microarrays for the direct capture and detection of the four class I HDAC isozymes. Follow-up functional assays in solution provide insights into their suitability to discover HDAC substrates and inhibitors with nanomolar potency and activity in cellular assays. We conclude that similar hydroxamic acid-modified histone peptide microarrays and libraries could find broad application to identify class I HDAC isozyme-specific substrates and facilitate the development of isozyme-selective HDAC inhibitors and probes.