bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Caregiving Interface Work Scale in employed Japanese family caregivers
Authors: Sakka Mariko , Kita Sachiko , Sato Iori , Soejima Takafumi , Eguchi Hisashi , Tokita Masahito , Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko , Shimazu Akihito , Kamibeppu Kiyoko 
Published: December 2020

AimThis study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the Caregiving Interface Work Scale (J‐CIWS) for use with employed Japanese family caregivers.MethodsPermission was obtained from the developer of the original CIWS. The CIWS contains 20 items: 10 measuring care interface work (CIW) and 10 measuring work interface care (WIC). Responses are measured on a five‐point Likert scale. The J‐CIWS was developed through forward‐ and back‐translation and cognitive interviews of employed family caregivers. An internet survey was conducted with 116 employed family caregivers, and 78 participants answered a retest. Questionnaire items included the J‐CIWS and demographic factors. Factor analysis was conducted to determine the J‐CIWS factor structure. Validity was assessed based on known‐groups, convergent and discriminant validity. Internal consistency was examined by calculating Cronbach's α. Test–retest reliability was examined by calculating the Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsThe mean participant age was 50.3 years; 74 (63.8%) were male. The average weekly working and caregiving hours were 41.6 and 12.1 h, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original two‐factor model. High internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.90) and sufficient test–retest reliability (weighted κ score >0.45) were demonstrated for both subscales. Convergent and discriminant validity were acceptable for the two subscales (CIW and WIC).ConclusionsThis study confirmed the usefulness of the CIWS within a Japanese context. The J‐CIWS may be useful for evaluating the extent of the conflict between work and care among employed family caregivers. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 254–261.
Pathologically oriented descriptive study of male genital circumcisions across medical and surgical specialties
Authors: Mazzoni Daniel , Pool Louis , Muir Jim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCircumcision is one of the most frequently performed procedure by clinicians, yet its role and indication in clinical practice lacks consensus and remains unclear. We sought to evaluate a collection of male circumcisions to determine the range of indications, histopathological diagnoses, and type of clinicians associated with circumcision.MethodsWe performed a retrospective descriptive cohort study of male patients who received a circumcision reported by one major dermatopathology laboratory between January 2017 and December 2018. Data were extracted from the histological report of the pathologist for each case. Patient age, type of clinician, clinical notes, and histopathological diagnosis were evaluated.Results"/> A total of 406 circumcisions were identified. The median age for circumcision was 36 (IQR 16‐61). Boys less than 18 years of age made up 24% (98/406). Histological diagnoses included normal (43/406, 11%), nonspecific inflammation (82/406, 20%), inflammatory conditions (264/406, 65%), infections (9/406, 2.2%), benign neoplasms (5/406, 1.0%), and scar tissue (3/406, 0.7%). The most common diagnosis was balanitis xerotica obliterans (226/406, 56%). Rarely, genital infections and neoplastic lesions were identified. Circumcisions were performed by urologists (289/406, 71.2%), general practitioners (76/406, 18.7%), general surgeons (32/406, 8%), pediatric surgeons (5/406, 1%), and dermatologists (4/406, 1%). The main indications for circumcision were phimosis (110/202, 54%), suspected lichen sclerosus (28/202, 14%), and balanitis (15/202, 7%).ConclusionCircumcision was performed for a broad range of genital dermatoses across various medical and surgical specialties. Few studies have described these observations. We discuss the common pathological conditions leading to circumcision and its role in diagnosis and treatment.
Getty Museum Family Room – Educational Issues on Scaffolding and Transfer of Learning
Authors: Lee Tiffany Shuang‐Ching 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn order better to support children’s learning experiences, art museums have begun to establish interactive art exhibitions designed for family visitors. However, as more of these interactive exhibitions are established, some museum professionals are raising concerns about whether these exhibitions actually facilitate young visitors’ learning or impede them from engaging further with the art objects exhibited. Using the Family Room (FR) of the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angles as a case study, this research examines the educational principles considered and the challenges encountered when conceptualising and implementing its interactive exhibition. My research shows that the FR project team emphasised three educational principles to be integrated into the exhibition design: (1) interactive learning, (2) family as a learning unit, and (3) enhance the learning of basic artistic elements. The FR’s overarching educational objective is to encourage transfer of learning between the FR to the Getty traditional art galleries. My research concludes with three suggestions to be considered in future practices of art museum education (1) the limits and potentials of interactives, (2) the interactive exhibition design and scaffolding, and (3) transfer of learning between galleries.
Relationships between wild bee abundance and fruit set of Camellia oleifera Abel
Authors: Li Hongying , Orr Michael C. , Luo Ancai , Dou Feiyue , Kou Ruomei , Hu Feng , Zhu Chaodong , Huang Dunyuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCamellia oleifera Abel. is an economically important plant for edible oils. To investigate the importance of wild bee abundance at different canopy and spatial scale for fruit set of Camellia oleifera, we evaluated the relationship of bee abundance with fruit set using yellow pan trap, with additional focus on distance and wild bee abundance counts at a farm in China for 2 years. We found that yellow traps collected 95% more individual bees than the second‐best (pink) trap colour. Looking across canopy positions, the number of wild bees (including Colletes gigas, Andrena camellia, Andrena striata, Andrena hunanensis and Andrena chekiangensis) varied significantly in each year. The fruit set also varied significantly based on canopy position. In 2018, there was with an average fruit set of 34.13% in the lower canopy, 54.30% in the middle canopy and 47.41% in the upper canopy. In 2019, fruit set was 29.67% in the lower canopy, 54.15% in the middle canopy and 47.36% in the upper canopy. Comparing inter‐annual changes, only the fruit set and number of bees in the low canopy showed significant differences between 2018 and 2019. Fruit set and wild bee abundance were positively correlated in all canopy layers in each year, and there was an interactive effect between canopy and bee abundance on fruit set. Across 205 trees, growth indicators, crown size and tree height, increased significantly from 2018 to 2019, but the fruit set did not increase with the significant increase in the number of flowers. From the spatial perspective, wild bee abundance and fruit set were positively correlated, but fruit set was negatively correlated with distance from a large bee nesting aggregation nearby. Among the variables investigated, bee abundance seems to have the strongest influence on fruit set in C. oleifera.
Interregional negotiations and strategic delegation under government subsidy schemes
Authors: Shinohara Ryusuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe examine the strategic delegation problem in the context of interregional negotiations under the subsidy policies of a central government. It is well known that when such negotiations are delegated to representatives, each region in a country elects its representative strategically, resulting in inefficient negotiation outcomes. This study focuses on a common subsidy policy called a cost‐matching grant to examine whether an optimal grant exists that restores the efficiency of negotiation outcomes. Our results show that the central government obtains this optimal grant if the manipulability of the negotiation breakdown outcome is sufficiently weak. The strength of the manipulability is important because introducing a grant generates a new kind of manipulation of negotiation breakdown outcomes. However, when a new representative is elected after a negotiation breaks down, the new manipulability is negated. Hence, the central government always obtains the optimal cost‐matching grant.
Physiology of maerl algae: Comparison of inter‐ and intraspecies variations
Authors: Qui‐Minet Zujaila Nohemy , Davoult Dominique , Grall Jacques , Delaunay Coralie , Six Christophe , Cariou Thierry , Martin Sophie 
Published: December 2020

Free‐living red coralline algae play an important role in the carbon and carbonate cycles of coastal environments. In this study, we examined the physiology of free‐living coralline algae‐forming maerl beds in the Bay of Brest (Brittany, France), where Lithothamnion corallioides is the dominant maerl (i.e., rhodolith) species. Phymatolithon calcareum and Lithophyllum incrustans are also present (in lower abundances) at a specific site in the bay. We aimed to assess how maerl physiology is affected by seasonality and/or local environmental variations at the inter‐ and intraspecific levels. Physiological measurements (respiration, photosynthetic, and calcification rates) were performed using incubation chambers in winter and summer to compare (1) the dominant maerl species at three sites and (2) three coexisting maerl species at one site. Comparison of the three coexisting maerl species suggests that L. corallioides is the best adapted to the current environmental conditions in the Bay of Brest, because this species is the most robust to dissolution in the dark in winter and has the highest calcification efficiency in the light. Comparisons of L. corallioides metabolic rates between stations showed that morphological variations within this species are the main factor affecting its photosynthetic and calcification rates. Environmental factors such as freshwater inputs also affect its calcification rates in the dark. In addition to interspecies variation in maerl physiology, there were intraspecific variations associated with direct (water physico‐chemistry) or indirect (morphology) local environmental conditions. This study demonstrates the plasticity of maerl physiology in response to environmental changes, which is fundamental for maerl persistence.
Clinicopathologic and radiographic features in 33 cats with aspiration and 26 cats with bronchopneumonia (2007‐2017)
Authors: Dear Jonathan D. , Vernau William , Johnson Eric G. , Hulsebosch Sean E. , Johnson Lynelle R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAspiration pneumonia (AP) and bronchopneumonia (BP) are poorly characterized diseases in cats that share clinical similarities to inflammatory airway disease (IAD).ObjectivesDescribe clinicopathologic, radiographic, and microbiologic features in cats with AP and BP and compare findings to those in cats with IAD.AnimalsThirty‐three cats with AP and 26 with BP; 44 cats with IAD.MethodsRetrospective case‐control study. Results extracted for all cats included signalment, physical examination findings, historical details, and potential risk factors for aspiration. Diagnostic test results were summarized including CBC, bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid analysis and microbial culture. Radiographs were reviewed in masked fashion and scored for severity. Results of BAL fluid analysis were assessed for evidence of septic inflammation.ResultsCats with AP were less likely to be presented for evaluation of cough (P <.001) and more likely to be hypothermic (P= .01) than were cats with IAD or BP. Median duration of signs was significantly shorter in cats with AP (12 days) compared to cats with BP or IAD (270 and 180 days;P= .01). Radiographically, cats with AP were more likely to have an alveolar pattern and higher total score than were cats with BP or IAD.Mycoplasmaspp. were the organisms most commonly cultured from BAL fluid in cats with BP, but were not cultured from any cats with AP.Conclusion and Clinical ImportancePneumonia must be distinguished from IAD in cats with cough and AP should be considered in cats with acute onset of tachypnea.
Activity of Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume extract against the biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide synthesis of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Zhang Zhong , Zeng Jumei , Zhou Xuedong , Xu Qianda , Li Chenghui , Liu Yiduo , Zhang Chaoliang , Wang Liu , Zeng Weicai , Li Yuqing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLigustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume is utilized as a traditional Chinese herbal tea with various health benefits and protective effects. Streptococcus mutans is an important cariogenic oral bacteria species. The present study aimed to assess the influence of Ligustrum robustum extract (LRE) on the biofilm formation of S. mutans and the mechanism of its action, as well as to identify its chemical components. For chemical identification, HPLC‐MS and nuclear magnetic resonance were applied and four identified phytochemicals were reported (Ligurobustoside B, Ligurobustoside N, Ligurobustoside J, and Ligurobustoside C). The dose‐dependent (0.5 to 2.0 μg/μL) antimicrobial toxicity of LRE against S. mutans biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), Crystal violet stain, and CFU counting. The microstructure of S. mutans biofilm treated with LRE was investigated both on glass coverslips and ex vivo bovine dental enamel by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, LRE downregulated the expression of S. mutans glucosyltransferase‐encoding genes gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD, and the quorum sensing (QS) factors comD and comE, suggesting its toxic mechanism. In addition, the result of CCK‐8 test on human oral cells revealed an acceptable biocompatibility of LRE. These findings indicated the possible application of this daily consumed herbal tea for caries prevention.
Role of MdERF3 and MdERF118 natural variations in apple flesh firmness/crispness retainability and development of QTL‐based genomics‐assisted prediction
Authors: Wu Bei , Shen Fei , Wang Xuan , Zheng Wen Yan , Xiao Chen , Deng Yang , Wang Ting , Yu Huang Zhen , Zhou Qian , Wang Yi , Wu Ting , Feng Xu Xue , Hai Han Zhen , Zhong Zhang Xin 
Published: December 2020

SummaryRetention of flesh texture attributes during cold storage is critical for the long‐term maintenance of fruit quality. The genetic variations determining flesh firmness and crispness retainability are not well understood. The objectives of this study are to identify gene markers based on quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and to develop genomics‐assisted prediction (GAP) models for apple flesh firmness and crispness retainability. Phenotype data of 2664 hybrids derived from three Malus domestica cultivars and a M. asiatica cultivar were collected in 2016 and 2017. The phenotype segregated considerably with high broad‐sense heritability of 83.85% and 83.64% for flesh firmness and crispness retainability, respectively. Fifty‐six candidate genes were predicted from the 62 QTLs identified using bulked segregant analysis and RNA‐seq. The genotype effects of the markers designed on each candidate gene were estimated. The genomics‐predicted values were obtained using pyramiding marker genotype effects and overall mean phenotype values. Fivefold cross‐validation revealed that the prediction accuracy was 0.5541 and 0.6018 for retainability of flesh firmness and crispness, respectively. An 8‐bp deletion in the MdERF3 promoter disrupted MdDOF5.3 binding, reduced MdERF3 expression, relieved the inhibition on MdPGLR3, MdPME2, and MdACO4 expression, and ultimately decreased flesh firmness and crispness retainability. A 3‐bp deletion in the MdERF118 promoter decreased its expression by disrupting the binding of MdRAVL1, which increased MdPGLR3 and MdACO4 expression and reduced flesh firmness and crispness retainability. These results provide insights regarding the genetic variation network regulating flesh firmness and crispness retainability, and the GAP models can assist in apple breeding.
Assessing spirometry competence through certification in community‐based healthcare settings in Australia and New Zealand: A position paper of the Australian and New Zealand Society of Respiratory Science
Authors: Schneider Irene , Rodwell Leanne , Baum Sarah , Borg Brigitte M. , Del Colle Eleonora A. , Ingram Emily R. , Swanney Maureen , Taylor Deborah ,   ANZSRS Community‐Based Spirometry Competency Working Group
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTSpirometry has been established as an essential test for diagnosing and monitoring respiratory disease, particularly asthma and COPD, as well as in occupational health surveillance. In Australia and New Zealand, there is currently no pathway for spirometry operators in community‐based healthcare settings to demonstrate spirometry competence. The Australia and New Zealand Society of Respiratory Science (ANZSRS) has identified a need for developing a pathway for operators working in community‐based practices in Australia and New Zealand to demonstrate spirometry competence and certification. Spirometry certification provides evidence to patients, clients, employers and organizations that an individual has participated in an assessment process that qualifies them to perform spirometry to current international spirometry standards set out by the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS). This document describes a competence assessment pathway that incorporates a portfolio and practical assessment. The completion of this pathway and the award of certification confer an individual is competent to perform spirometry for 3 years, after which re‐certification is required. The adoption of this competency assessment and certification process by specialist organizations, and the commitment of operators performing spirometry to undergo this process, will enhance spirometry quality and practice in community‐based healthcare settings.
Decreasing voriconazole requirement in a patient after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation discontinuation: A case report
Authors: Peterson Eric L. , Chittick Paul J. , Richardson Chad L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPatients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may display large decreases in drug concentrations due to increases in volume of distribution and drug binding to ECMO circuits, tubing, oxygenator, and coating materials. We report a case of a critically ill male with a 10‐month status post‐deceased donor renal transplant and being treated with voriconazole for suspected aspergillosis. Initially, multiple dose increases, up to 11.3 mg/kg/dose, were required while on ECMO therapy to obtain goal voriconazole trough concentrations between 2 and 5.5 mcg/mL. The patient's voriconazole dose requirement subsequently decreased to 7.3 mg/kg/dose after ECMO discontinuation, which represented a 45% reduction in voriconazole dose requirement. Based upon this experience, voriconazole appears to bind to artificial surfaces on ECMO devices. In addition to close monitoring of trough levels, it may be appropriate to empirically reduce the voriconazole dose in patients after ECMO discontinuation.
The anti‐adhesive effect of anti‐VEGF agents in experimental models: A systematic review
Authors: Giannis Dimitrios , Geropoulos Georgios , Ziogas Ioannis A. , Gitlin Jordan , Oropallo Alisha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdhesions constitute a major problem in abdominal‐pelvic and thoracic surgery with significant impact in the postoperative quality of life and healthcare services utilization. Adhesiogenesis is the result of increased fibrin formation, impaired fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. Despite the recent advancements, the ideal anti‐adhesive agent remains to be determined. To this end, we performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases to identify studies investigating the antiadhesive role of anti‐VEGF agents in peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial experimental adhesion models. Fifteen studies were eligible for inclusion with a total population of 602 animals (334 rats, 180 rabbits, and 88 mice). The majority of included studies (11/15) used bevacizumab, while three studies used other anti‐VEGF antibodies and one study used an anti‐VEGFR‐antibody. A rat model was used in nine studies, while rabbit (n = 3) or mouse (n = 3) models were used less frequently. Eleven studies used peritoneal models, three studies used pleural models, and one study used a pericardial model. The scales (n = 12) and interval (Range: 1‐42 days) used for the evaluation of adhesions varied between the studies. All studies demonstrated a significant decrease in adhesion scores between the anti‐VEGF and control groups up to 42 days postprocedure. VEGF blockade resulted in decreased fibrosis in four out of five studies that used peritoneal models, while the effect on pleural models depended on the pleurodesis agent and was significant between 7 and 28 days. The effect of anti‐VEGF agents on anastomosis integrity depends on the dose and the model that is used (inconclusive results).Current data support the anti‐adhesive role of Anti‐VEGF agents in all three serosal surfaces up to 6 weeks postprocedure. Further studies are needed to confirm the anti‐adhesive role of anti‐VEGF agents in pleural and pericardial adhesion experimental models and investigate any effect on anastomosis integrity in peritoneal models.
Use of conversational agents in rehabilitation following brain injury, disease, or stroke: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Hocking Judith , Oster Candice , Maeder Anthony 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of the review is to identify peer-reviewed literature reporting the design and use of conversational agents in rehabilitation for adults with brain injury, disease, or stroke.

Introduction:
Rehabilitation for adults with brain injury, disease, or stroke provides goal-directed care to overcome functional impairments and reduced independence. However, recovery can be impacted due to rehabilitation being time-limited. New therapy approaches supporting rehabilitation and self-management are warranted. Conversational agents provide personal computer-based dialogues that can be designed to meet the specific needs of clients. Interacting with a conversational agent may support rehabilitation for clients with brain injury, disease, or stroke.

Inclusion criteria:
Studies that report the design or use of conversational agents in rehabilitation for adults aged over 18 years with brain injury, disease, or stroke will be considered for inclusion. Research settings may include hospitals, community settings, and homes. Eligible study types are peer-reviewed research protocols, prototype development papers, and pilot and clinical trials.

Methods:
Primary sourcing databases (MEDLINE [Ovid], Scopus, ProQuest [all databases], Web of Science) and gray literature sources will be searched with no date limitations. Only studies published in English will be considered due to feasibility limitations. Two independent reviewers will screen the retrieved papers by title and abstract, and the selected papers by full-text review. Any disagreements will be resolved by an objective arbitrator. Data to be extracted and analyzed from included papers will include details of participants, concept, context, and the study design. Results will be presented narratively and in tabular format.