bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic relationships of uncultured bacteria associated with the microalgae Gambierdiscus
Authors: Rambo Ian M. , Dombrowski Nina , Constant Lauren , Erdner Deana , Baker Brett J. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryMicrobial communities inhabit algae cell surfaces and produce a variety of compounds that can impact the fitness of the host. These interactions have been studied via culturing, single‐gene diversity and metagenomic read survey methods that are limited by culturing biases and fragmented genetic characterizations. Higher‐resolution frameworks are needed to resolve the physiological interactions within these algal–bacterial communities. Here, we infer the encoded metabolic capabilities of four uncultured bacterial genomes (reconstructed using metagenomic assembly and binning) associated with the marine dinoflagellates Gambierdiscus carolinianus and G. caribaeus. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that two of the genomes belong to the commonly algae‐associated families Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae. The other two genomes belong to the Phycisphaeraceae and include the first algae‐associated representative within the uncultured SM1A02 group. Analyses of all four genomes suggest these bacteria are facultative aerobes, with some capable of metabolizing phytoplanktonic organosulfur compounds including dimethylsulfoniopropionate and sulfated polysaccharides. These communities may biosynthesize compounds beneficial to both the algal host and other bacteria, including iron chelators, B vitamins, methionine, lycopene, squalene and polyketides. These findings have implications for marine carbon and nutrient cycling and provide a greater depth of understanding regarding the genetic potential for complex physiological interactions between microalgae and their associated bacteria.
Geographic diversification in real estate investment trusts
Authors: Feng Zhilan , Pattanapanchai Maneechit , Price S. McKay , Sirmans C. F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhether geographic diversification within property portfolios is ideal remains an open question, with most studies finding either a diversification discount or no evidence of benefits. Using a sample of equity real estate investment trusts (REITs) from 2010 to 2016, we find a nonlinear relation between geographic diversification and firm value. Specifically, geographic diversification is associated with higher REIT values for firms that can be described as being more transparent (i.e., they have high levels of institutional ownership or invest in core property types). Whereas, geographic concentration is associated with higher REIT values for firms that can be described as being less transparent (i.e., they have low levels of institutional ownership or invest in noncore property types). Operating efficiency, at both the property‐ and firm‐levels, are the means by which the diversification value is realized. Operations improve as property portfolios become more geographically diversified for more transparent firms. When the improvements are decomposed into revenue generation and expense efficiency portions, we find revenue generation to be the main operational channel through which the benefits are obtained.
Social and ecological complexity is associated with gestural repertoire size of wild chimpanzees
Authors: ROBERTS Sam G. B. , ROBERTS Anna I. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIncreasing our understanding of primate gestural communication can provide new insights into language evolution. A key question in primate communication is the association between the social relationships of primates and their repertoire of gestures. Such analyses can reveal how primates use their repertoire of gestural communication to maintain their networks of family and friends, much as humans use language to maintain their social networks. In this study we examined the association between the repertoire of gestures (overall, manual and bodily gestures, and gestures of different modalities) and social bonds (presence of reciprocated grooming), coordinated behaviors (travel, resting, co‐feeding), and the complexity of ecology (e.g. noise, illumination) and sociality (party size, audience), in wild East African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). A larger repertoire size of manual, visual gestures was associated with the presence of a relationship based on reciprocated grooming and increases in social complexity. A smaller repertoire of manual tactile gestures occurred when the relationship was based on reciprocated grooming. A smaller repertoire of bodily gestures occurred between partners who jointly traveled for longer. Whereas gesture repertoire size was associated with social complexity, complex ecology also influenced repertoire size. The evolution of a large repertoire of manual, visual gestures may have been a key factor that enabled larger social groups to emerge during evolution. Thus, the evolution of the larger brains in hominins may have co‐occurred with an increase in the cognitive complexity underpinning gestural communication and this, in turn, may have enabled hominins to live in more complex social groups.
The umbrella effect of Natura 2000 annex species spreads over multiple taxonomic groups, conservation attributes and organizational levels
Authors: Morán‐López R. , Cortés Gañán E. , Uceda Tolosa O. , Sánchez Guzmán J. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Natura 2000 network (N2K) was designed using species and habitats annexed in the European Union’s (EU) Directives of Birds (BD) and Habitats (HD). The selection of such species receives increasing criticism, as does the frequent use of design methods not based on Systematic Conservation Planning (SCP). As a result, a proportion of the EU’s biodiversity may remain uncovered by the network, irrespective of the degree of coverage of the annex species. Data limitations currently prevent rigorous EU‐wide gap analysis for multiple biodiversity components simultaneously (i.e., taxonomic groups, conservation attributes and organizational levels), but regional data at finer resolutions may add evidence of the breadth of the umbrella effect to be expected. We tested the hypothesis that an objectively designed N2K may confer the EU´s annex species an umbrella effect over multiple biodiversity components. This conjoint analysis of multiple taxa, attributes and levels is rarely done. We used distribution data of terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates in one of the richest regions in the EU (Extremadura, Spain), whose reserves and biodiversity surpass many EU countries, and where the N2K was designed through SCP. We implemented a gap analysis explicitly including annex species status, conservation‐relevant attributes (rarity, endemicity and vulnerability) and organizational levels (species, richness and hotspots). The annexed species acted as an umbrella group at the species, richness and hotspot levels, successfully covering rarity, endemicity and vulnerability. Our results show that the set of species that currently forms the EU’s directives annexes has a wide umbrella potential, at least where objective SCP methods were used for reserve design. We suggest that, under such conditions, N2K design could essentially remain constant within a context of changing threat status, the challenge of conservation resting more on management measures than on redesigns of the network.
Species Distribution Modelling predicts habitat suitability and reduction of suitable habitat under future climatic scenario for Sclerophrys perreti: A critically endangered Nigerian endemic toad
Authors: Nneji Lotanna M. , Salako Gabriel , Oladipo Segun O. , Ayoola Adeola O. , Onadeko Abiodun B. , Adedeji Babatunde E. , Omotoso Olatunde , Ugwumba Adiaha Alda A. , Adeola Adeniyi C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSclerophrys perreti is a critically endangered Nigerian native frog currently imperilled by human activities. A better understanding of its potential distribution and habitat suitability will aid in conservation; however, such knowledge is limited for S. perreti. Herein, we used a species distribution model (SDM) approach with all known occurrence data (n = 22) from our field surveys and primary literature, and environmental variable predictors (19 bioclimatic variables, elevation and land cover) to elucidate habitat suitability and impact of climate change on this species. The SDM showed that temperature and precipitation were the predictors of habitat suitability for S. perreti with precipitation seasonality as the strongest predictor of habitat suitability. The following variable also had a significant effect on habitat suitability: temperature seasonality, temperature annual range, precipitation of driest month, mean temperature of wettest quarter and isothermality. The model predicted current suitable habitat for S. perreti covering an area of 1,115 km2. However, this habitat is predicted to experience 60% reduction by 2050 owing to changes in temperature and precipitation. SDM also showed that suitable habitat exists in south‐eastern range of the inselberg with predicted low impact of climate change compared to other ranges. Therefore, this study recommends improved conservation measures through collaborations and stakeholder's meeting with local farmers for the management and protection of S. perreti.
Comparison of foveal avascular zone and retinal vascular density in healthy Chinese and Caucasian adults
Authors: Wylęgała Adam , Wang Lifei , Zhang Shengjuan , Liu Zhiqiang , Teper Sławomir , Wylęgała Edward 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to measure and compare the retinal vascular parameters and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in Chinese and Caucasian populations by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A).MethodsFifty‐one eyes of Han Chinese and 43 eyes of Caucasians were retrospectively included in our study. The measurements were acquired using Zeiss Cirrus 5000, with the same software version 10 in Poland and China.ResultsThe size of the FAZ was 0.33 ± 0.012 and 0.28 ± 0.014 mm2 (p = 0.0289) and the diameter was 2.43 ± 0.06 and 2.18 ± 0.07 mm (p = 0.0057) for Chinese and Caucasian populations, respectively. However, no differences were observed in circularities between the populations. The full Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) vessel length density was significantly different for Chinese (17.05 ± 0.24 mm/mm2) and Caucasian (16.08 ± 0.43 mm/mm2) populations. In addition, the outer ETDRS vessel length density was significantly different for Chinese (16.43 ± 0.42 mm/mm2) and Caucasian (17.47 ± 0.24 mm/mm2) populations, but the central 7.33 ± 1.68 versus 9.32 ± 1.54 mm/mm2 for the Caucasian and Chinese and inner 16.14 ± 0.52 for Caucasian and 16.93 ± 0.27 mm/mm2 for Chinese subjects density was not. A significant yet weak positive correlation between FAZ and vessel density was observed (r = 0.216). Furthermore, no significant intersexual differences were observed in study parameters.ConclusionThe Chinese population had larger FAZ with higher vessel length density in the superficial layers of the retina than the Caucasian population.
Exploring nonverbal synchrony in borderline personality disorder: A double‐blind placebo‐controlled study using oxytocin
Authors: Ramseyer Fabian , Ebert Andreas , Roser Patrik , Edel Marc‐Andreas , Tschacher Wolfgang , Brüne Martin 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesInterpersonal dysfunction is a central feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD), and the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) has been shown to impact patients’ behaviour in numerous ways. Nonverbal signals such as the coordination of body movement (nonverbal synchrony) are associated with the success of interpersonal exchanges and could thus be influenced by features of BPD and by the administration of OT.DesignWe explored the effect of intranasal OT (inOT) on nonverbal synchrony in sixteen patients with BPD and fifteen healthy controls (CTL) randomly assigned to two double‐blind clinical interviews under inOT and placebo (PL).MethodsNonverbal synchrony was assessed by automated video‐analyses of subject’s and interviewer’s body movement. Lagged cross‐correlations were used to objectively quantify coordination in dyads.ResultsSynchrony was higher than pseudosynchrony (= synchrony expected by chance), and there was a differential effect of inOT between groups: While healthy controls displayed increased synchrony under inOT, patients with BPD showed low levels of synchrony under inOT. Additionally, patient’s synchrony was negatively associated with self‐reported childhood trauma.ConclusionsNonverbal synchrony in clinical interviews is influenced by inOT, and this effect depends on subject’s diagnosis. In line with previous research implying positive associations between nonverbal synchrony and relationship quality, inOT led to an increase of synchrony in healthy controls, but not in patients with BPD. Low levels of synchrony under inOT in patients and its association with childhood trauma suggest that additional mechanisms such as rejection sensitivity might mediate BPD patients’ nonverbal behaviour.Practitioner points

Intranasal oxytocin (inOT) attenuated nonverbal synchrony – a proxy for relationship quality – in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), while it increased nonverbal synchrony in healthy controls (CTL).

Available models (rejection sensitivity; social salience) suggest that inOT may alter the way patients with BPD assess social situations, and this alteration is expressed by changes in nonverbal coordination. Patients with BPD display low levels of synchrony which are even below expected pseudosynchrony based on chance.

The association between self‐reported childhood trauma and lower synchrony in BPD was most evident for patient’s imitative behaviour: Under inOT, patients with high scores of childhood trauma refrained from imitating their interview partners.

Study limitations include small sample sizes and limited data on the psychological impact of the clinical interviews.
The risk of developing cardiovascular disease is increased for patients with prostate cancer who are pharmaceutically treated for depression
Authors: Wollersheim Barbara M. , Boekhout Annelies H. , van der Poel Henk G. , van de Poll‐Franse Lonneke V. , Schoormans Dounya 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the associations between pharmaceutically treated anxiety and depression and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) among 1‐year prostate cancer survivors.Patients and methodsA registry‐based cohort study design was used to describe the risk of incident CVD in adult 1‐year prostate cancer survivors without a history of CVD. Patients with prostate cancer diagnosed between 1999 and 2011 were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Drug dispenses were retrieved from the PHARMO Database Network and were used as proxy for CVD, anxiety, and depression. Data were analysed using Cox regression analysis to examine the risk associations between pharmaceutically treated anxiety and depression entered as a time‐varying predictor with incident CVD in 1‐year prostate cancer survivors, while controlling for age, traditional CVD risk factors, and clinical characteristics.ResultsOf the 5262 prostate cancer survivors, 327 (6%) developed CVD during the 13‐year follow‐up period. Prostate cancer survivors who were pharmaceutically treated for depression had an increased risk of incident CVD after full adjustment compared to prostate cancer survivors who were not pharmaceutically treated for depression (hazard ratio [HR] 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–2.15). The increased risk of incident CVD amongst those pharmaceutically treated for depression compared to those who were not pharmaceutically treated for depression, was only valid among: prostate cancer survivors who were aged ≤65 years (HR 2.91; 95% CI 1.52–5.55); those who were not treated with radiotherapy (HR 1.63; 95% CI 1.01–2.65); those who were treated with hormones (HR 1.76; 95% CI 1.09–2.85); those who were not operated upon (HR 1.55; 95% CI 1.07–2.25); and those with tumour stage III (HR 2.21; 95% CI 1.03–4.74) and stage IV (HR 2.47; 95% CI 1.03–5.89).ConclusionPatients with prostate cancer who were pharmaceutically treated for depression had a 51% increased risk of incident CVD after adjustment for anxiety, age, traditional CVD risk factors, and clinical characteristics. The results emphasise the need to pay attention to (pharmaceutically treated) depressed patients with prostate cancer prior to deciding on prostate cancer treatment and for a timely detection and treatment of CVD.
Aging alters Hv1‐mediated microglial polarization and enhances neuroinflammation after peripheral surgery
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐jing , Zheng Xin‐xun , Zhang Xin‐yun , Zhang Yi , Huang Bao‐yi , Luo Tao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPerioperative neurocognitive disorders have been widely recognized as common adverse events after surgical intervention. Aging is one of the most important independent risk factors for worsened cognitive outcome, and this deterioration is linked to exacerbated microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation in the aged brain. Under pathological stimulation, microglia are capable of polarizing toward proinflammatory M1 and anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotypes. In the present study, we examined how aging affects microglial responses and neuroinflammation following peripheral surgery. Adult (2‐3 months) and aged (18 months old) male C57/BL6 mice were subjected to tibial fracture or sham surgery. Aged mice exhibited higher level of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) in the hippocampus. The expression of synaptic protein synaptophysin (SYP) was also markedly reduced in the aged brain after the surgery. Both adult and aged mice showed significant increases in M1 microglial polarization (CD16/32). In contrast, tibial fracture surgery induced a decreased M2 microglial polarization (CD206, Ym1/2, Arg1) in aged brain but enhanced M2 microglial polarization in adult brain. Aged mice have upregulated voltage‐gated proton channel (Hv1) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit expression compared with adult mice. The percentage of CD16/32‐positive M1 microglia colabeling with Hv1 was higher in aged mice after tibial fracture surgery. Thus, Hv1/NADPH oxidase upregulation in the aged brain may shift the dynamic equilibrium of microglial activation toward M1 polarization and exaggerate postoperative neuroinflammatory responses after peripheral surgical intervention.
Gene Banks, Seed Libraries, and Vegetable Sanctuaries: The Cultivation and Conservation of Heritage Vegetables in Britain, 1970–1985
Authors: Curry Helen Anne 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIndividual seed saving and exchange are considered important components of contemporary efforts to conserve crop genetic diversity that ramify at local, regional, and global scales. Yet the very fact that the contributions of these activities to conservation need to be made explicit by seed savers and those who study them indicates that the practices of seed saving and exchange may not immediately be recognized as conservation‐oriented activities. This article investigates why and how individual seed saving came to be aligned with a broader conservation agenda in Britain through a historical examination of the promotion of seed saving by the Henry Doubleday Research Association (HDRA) in the 1970s and 1980s. It demonstrates how several HDRA initiatives that aimed to preserve vegetable diversity also re‐inscribed British gardeners’ ordinary labor as conservation work. This historical study complements sociological and ethnographic studies, highlighting the role of a prominent organization in creating pathways for individuals to engage in local, national, and international conservation through seed saving. It also serves as a reminder that the connections between these activities had to be made explicit—that is, that there was (and is) work involved in connecting individual acts of seed saving to conservation outcomes at different scales.
Exploring the complexity of partnerships in development policy and practice: Upstairs and downstairs
Authors: den Heyer Molly , Johnson Dustin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMotivationThe term partnership, and the balance of ownership within it, significantly influence the direction of the development field and whether it will be able to address increasingly complicated global challenges such as climate change, peace and security and growing inequality.PurposeThe article explores the nature of government donor–recipient partnerships, the struggle over ownership, and the possibility of transitioning from top‐down aid policy to genuine development co‐operation.Approach and MethodsThe discussion is based on the lead author’s doctoral research and the authors’ experiences of working with the Coady International Institute and the Roméo Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative.FindingsThe research revealed ample evidence that proclamations of more equitable partnerships or recipient ownership of aid policy are undermined by historical power dynamics and coherency to dominant development narratives. However, a closer examination also found some room to create change as policy is negotiated and interpreted in a multitude of smaller policy spaces, including influences from networks of civil society organizations (CSOs). The article looks at two CSOs that use their “downstairs” position to act as interlocutors with Southern partners. In some cases, they fostered more equitable partnerships and support South–South networks by applying an emancipatory learning approach and adapting aid modalities. This points to the potential for slow—and often reluctant—progress towards more equitable global partnerships and innovative practices.Policy ImplicationsThe findings suggest that the asymmetrical nature of government donor–recipient partnerships can be addressed through a more nuanced learning approach and increased engagement with CSOs that can experiment with project modalities and support for CSO networks.
Overcome Barriers to End to End Research with Demonstrated ROI
Authors: Harper Christy 
Published: November 2019

To really sell the value of User Centered Design (UCD) research you must be able to demonstrate the return on investment (ROI) to your company. A strong case study is one of the best ways to educate the organization about the need for end to end research.Strong case studies to sell the value of User Centered Design (UCD) research and get a better return on investment (ROI).
Servant Leaders and Gatekeepers
Authors: Bethune Kevin 
Published: November 2019

How design leaders can ensure that the experiences we create are thoughtfully geared to the increasingly multi‐faceted, multi‐cultural audiences we will ultimately serve in the future. How do we ensure the right leadership rubrics to keep us (and our peers) on the Servant Leader end of the spectrum?With the increasingly multi‐faceted, multicultural audiences we will ultimately serve in the future, how do we ensure the right leadership guide to be a Servant Leader.