bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting fiber‐reinforced polymer–concrete bond strength using artificial neural networks: A comparative analysis study
Authors: Haddad Rami , Haddad Madeleine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe repair efficiency of fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) is crucially linked to bond strength between FRP and concrete. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) technique is employed for the prediction of FRP–concrete bond strength based on more than 440 data points collected from literature work for training and testing of the proposed ANNs model. Such a model facilitates investigating the effect of various key parameters in controlling the bond. These are concrete compressive strength, maximum aggregate size, FRP thickness and modulus of elasticity, FRP‐to‐concrete length and width ratios, and adhesive tensile strength. The proposed ANNs model shows high fitting and prediction capability of training and testing data, respectively, with low mean square errors. Its accuracy of prediction far exceeds that of literature empirical models. Furthermore, the present comparative and sensitivity study of the predicted bond strength promotes the understanding of the impact of the above key parameters.
Seismic behavior of frames with weak bolted end plate connections rehabilitated by posttensioned tendons under near‐/far‐field earthquakes
Authors: Saberi Vahid , Saberi Hamid , Gerami Mohsen , Kheyroddin Ali 
Published: February 2020

SummaryPosttensioned tendons can be used for rehabilitation of frames as well as for providing self‐centering ability. The optimum selection of retrofit parameters is carried out based on their effect on the seismic behavior of a structure. The results of 2D numerical modeling of the frames in this paper revealed that the rehabilitation of a frame with weak end plate bolted connection by adding posttensioned tendons improves the seismic response of the weak frame to be close to that of the reference frame, whose connections are designed according to AISC code. It was observed that the roof displacements were reduced by 5%, and the maximum story drifts in near‐ and far‐field earthquakes were reduced by 8% and 2% in the rehabilitated frames on average compared to those of the reference frame. The results of 3D substructure numerical models, verified by experimental results, indicated that the changes in the tendon diameter from 12 to 18 mm increased the moment capacity and initial rotational stiffness by 38% and 60%, respectively, compared to those of the reference model. The increase in tendon distance from 18 to 22 cm resulted in 29% rise in moment capacity compared to that of the reference frame.
Evaluating time domain reflectometry and coaxial impedance sensors for soil observations by the U.S. Climate Reference Network
Authors: Wilson Timothy B. , Diamond Howard J. , Kochendorfer John , Meyers Tilden P. , Hall Mark , Casey Nancy W. , Baker C. Bruce , Leeper Ronald , Palecki Michael A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two commercial‐grade electromagnetic sensors in measuring soil water content for the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN). One sensor was a 50‐MHz coaxial impedance dielectric sensor (model HydraProbe, Stevens Water Monitoring Systems). The second sensor was a 1‐GHz time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensor (model TDR‐315L, Acclima). There was no substantial difference between both probes in daily mean volumetric soil water content and soil temperature measurements at a 0.1‐m depth in a customized uniform loamy soil testbed in Oak Ridge, TN, from 2016 to 2018, and at select USCRN stations with a variety of soils. However, the TDR‐315L provided more representative soil water content measurements for stations with high‐clay‐content soils than the HydraProbe. These results confirm the necessity of using site‐specific soil properties for soil sensors like the HydraProbe for estimating soil water content in different soil environments. They also suggest that TDR sensors may provide an opportunity to improve USCRN soil moisture measurements in higher‐clay‐content soils.
Calibration of ionic and cellular cardiac electrophysiology models
Authors: Whittaker Dominic G. , Clerx Michael , Lei Chon Lok , Christini David J. , Mirams Gary R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCardiac electrophysiology models are among the most mature and well‐studied mathematical models of biological systems. This maturity is bringing new challenges as models are being used increasingly to make quantitative rather than qualitative predictions. As such, calibrating the parameters within ion current and action potential (AP) models to experimental data sets is a crucial step in constructing a predictive model. This review highlights some of the fundamental concepts in cardiac model calibration and is intended to be readily understood by computational and mathematical modelers working in other fields of biology. We discuss the classic and latest approaches to calibration in the electrophysiology field, at both the ion channel and cellular AP scales. We end with a discussion of the many challenges that work to date has raised and the need for reproducible descriptions of the calibration process to enable models to be recalibrated to new data sets and built upon for new studies.This article is categorized under:
Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models
Existence and Regularity of Spheres Minimising the Canham–Helfrich Energy
Authors: Mondino Andrea , Scharrer Christian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe prove the existence and regularity of minimisers for the Canham–Helfrich energy in the class of weak (possibly branched and bubbled) immersions of the 2-sphere. This solves (the spherical case) of the minimisation problem proposed by Helfrich in 1973, modelling lipid bilayer membranes. On the way to proving the main results we establish the lower semicontinuity of the Canham–Helfrich energy under weak convergence of (possibly branched and bubbled) weak immersions.
Regime switching affine processes with applications to finance
Authors: van Beek Misha , Mandjes Michel , Spreij Peter , Winands Erik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe introduce the notion of a regime switching affine process. Informally this is a Markov process that behaves conditionally on each regime as an affine process with specific parameters. To facilitate our analysis, specific restrictions are imposed on these parameters. The regime switches are driven by a Markov chain. We prove that the joint process of the Markov chain and the conditionally affine part is a process with an affine structure on an enlarged state space, conditionally on the starting state of the Markov chain. Like for affine processes, the characteristic function can be expressed in a set of ordinary differential equations that can sometimes be solved analytically. This result unifies several semi-analytical solutions found in the literature for pricing derivatives of specific regime switching processes on smaller state spaces. It also provides a unifying theory that allows us to introduce regime switching to the pricing of many derivatives within the broad class of affine processes. Examples include European options and term structure derivatives with stochastic volatility and default. Essentially, whenever there is a pricing solution based on an affine process, we can extend this to a regime switching affine process without sacrificing the analytical tractability of the affine process.
Cyclic lot-sizing problems with sequencing costs
Authors: Grigoriev Alexander , Kreuzen Vincent J. , Oosterwijk Tim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study a single-machine lot-sizing problem, where n types of products need to be scheduled on the machine. Each product is associated with a constant demand rate, maximum production rate and inventory costs per time unit. Every time when the machine switches production between products, sequencing costs are incurred. These sequencing costs depend both on the product the machine just produced and on the product the machine is about to produce. The goal is to find a cyclic schedule minimizing total average costs, subject to the condition that all demands are satisfied. We establish the complexity of the problem, and we prove a number of structural properties largely characterizing optimal solutions. Moreover, we present two algorithms approximating the optimal schedules by augmenting the problem input. Due to the high-multiplicity setting, even trivial cases of the corresponding conventional counterparts become highly non-trivial with respect to the output sizes and computational complexity, even without sequencing costs. In particular, the length of an optimal solution can be exponential in the input size of the problem. Nevertheless, our approximation algorithms produce schedules of a polynomial length and with a good quality compared to the optimal schedules of exponential length.
Bidirectional Relationship of Sleep with Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties: A Five-year Follow-up of Finnish Adolescents
Authors: Kortesoja Laura , Vainikainen Mari-Pauliina , Hotulainen Risto , Rimpelä Arja , Dobewall Henrik , Lindfors Pirjo , Karvonen Sakari , Merikanto Ilona 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe long-term effects of sleep on adolescent psychosocial well-being are mostly unknown, although insufficient sleep has been associated with emotional and behavioral difficulties in cross-sectional studies. With a five-year follow-up of Finnish adolescents (Time 1: n = 8834; Mean age = 13 years, 51.1% female, Time 2: n = 5315, Mean age = 15 years, 51.6% female, Time 3: n = 3712; Mean age = 17 years; 50.2% female), the purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate the relations between self-reported sleep duration, sleep problems, and emotional and behavioral difficulties during adolescence. Emotional and behavioral difficulties were assessed using The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) measuring emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems and total difficulties. Sleep duration was calculated by counting the hours between self-reported bedtime and wake-up time. Sleep problems were assessed with a single question about the general sleep problems. According to the cross-lagged models for sleep and emotional and behavioral difficulties, the findings of this study indicate a developmental process during adolescence where, firstly, short sleep duration is a stronger predictor for current and prospective emotional and behavioral difficulties than vice versa. Secondly, increased emotional and behavioral difficulties expose adolescents to current and later sleep problems more strongly than reverse. Thus, the results show that short sleep duration predisposed to emotional and behavioral difficulties across adolescence, which then led to more prospective sleep problems. These findings suggest a developmental process where sleep and emotional and behavioral difficulties are intertwined in shaping adolescents’ health.
BE COOL! a digital learning environment to challenge and socially include gifted learners
Authors: Eysink Tessa H. S. , van Dijk Alieke M. , de Jong Ton 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the development of the BE COOL! learning environment that gives all children, gifted and non-gifted, the opportunity to learn at a level matching their specific needs and abilities within the social context of regular education. BE COOL! uses the ability-adjusted jigsaw method, in which children of varying ability levels work together on a design for which they acquire knowledge by working on tailored assignments in groups with children with the same ability level. This differentiation method unites elements of learning by design, learning together, and learning by inquiry. In this article, we first present the conceptual foundations underlying BE COOL! Next, we describe the learning environment and its components as incorporated in a seven-week science lesson series in which fourth to sixth graders must design a liveable house on the moon for a family of four. Then, we describe our design process, in which research and development alternated and we end with a brief presentation of the learning environment’s added value for educational practice.
State of the Evidence Traffic Lights 2019: Systematic Review of Interventions for Preventing and Treating Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Novak Iona , Morgan Catherine , Fahey Michael , Finch-Edmondson Megan , Galea Claire , Hines Ashleigh , Langdon Katherine , Namara Maria Mc , Paton Madison CB , Popat Himanshu , Shore Benjamin , Khamis Amanda , Stanton Emma , Finemore Olivia P , Tricks Alice , te Velde Anna , Dark Leigha , Morton Natalie , Badawi Nadia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewCerebral palsy is the most common physical disability of childhood, but the rate is falling, and severity is lessening. We conducted a systematic overview of best available evidence (2012–2019), appraising evidence using GRADE and the Evidence Alert Traffic Light System and then aggregated the new findings with our previous 2013 findings. This article summarizes the best available evidence interventions for preventing and managing cerebral palsy in 2019.Recent FindingsEffective prevention strategies include antenatal corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, caffeine, and neonatal hypothermia. Effective allied health interventions include acceptance and commitment therapy, action observations, bimanual training, casting, constraint-induced movement therapy, environmental enrichment, fitness training, goal-directed training, hippotherapy, home programs, literacy interventions, mobility training, oral sensorimotor, oral sensorimotor plus electrical stimulation, pressure care, stepping stones triple P, strength training, task-specific training, treadmill training, partial body weight support treadmill training, and weight-bearing. Effective medical and surgical interventions include anti-convulsants, bisphosphonates, botulinum toxin, botulinum toxin plus occupational therapy, botulinum toxin plus casting, diazepam, dentistry, hip surveillance, intrathecal baclofen, scoliosis correction, selective dorsal rhizotomy, and umbilical cord blood cell therapy.SummaryWe have provided guidance about what works and what does not to inform decision-making, and highlighted areas for more research.
Overexpression miR-486-3p Promoted by Allicin Enhances Temozolomide Sensitivity in Glioblastoma Via Targeting MGMT
Authors: Wu Henggang , Li Xu , Zhang Tiehui , Zhang Guojun , Chen Jingnan , Chen Li , He Min , Hao Bilie , Wang Cheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system that develops chemotherapy resistance. Previous studies showed that Allicin could inhibit multiple cancer cells including glioblastoma, but the function of Allicin in glioblastoma is still unclear. Our work aimed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. The results showed that miR-486-3p levels were greatly increased in glioblastoma during Allicin treatment. Overexpression of miR-486-3p increased chemosensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ) in vitro and in vivo. O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) was identified as a direct target of miR-486-3p, and miR-486-3p overexpression prevented the protein translation of MGMT. Moreover, overexpression of MGMT restored miR-486-3p-induced chemosensitivity to TMZ. Taken together, our studies revealed that Allicin could upregulate miR-486-3p and enhance TMZ sensitivity in glioblastoma. The results suggested that in the future, Allicin can be used as an adjuvant therapy with TMZ to improve the prognosis of patients, and miR-486-3p may be a potential target for glioblastoma treatment to improve the curative effects.
Marking behaviour and census of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in riverine habitats: what can scat abundances and non-invasive genetic sampling tell us about otter numbers?
Authors: Sittenthaler Marcia , Schöll Eva Maria , Leeb Christoph , Haring Elisabeth , Parz-Gollner Rosemarie , Hackländer Klaus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGrowing human-wildlife conflicts and legal conservation obligations increased the need for precise information on Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) population parameters for species status assessment and wildlife management measures. Scat surveys have become the method of choice to monitor species distribution range, abundance and habitat use. Although methodological concerns exist, scat abundance is often used as main indicator for otter population estimates and trends. To evaluate whether scat counts serve as good proxy for otter densities in linear stream habitats, we modelled the relationship between old/fresh scat abundance and otter numbers on two spatial scales, including also seasonal effects. Actual otter densities and marking behaviour were ascertained by genotyping of otter faeces collected at 218 marking sites along 132.6 km of four salmonid streams. Otter densities in our study areas ranged from 0.16 to 0.28 otters per stream kilometre. The age of scats and the level of spatial scale were determining factors when evaluating the suitability of scat abundance as index for otter densities. Covering large parts of an otter’s territory, fresh scat abundance increased with otter density, irrespectively of season. On the spatial scale of single marking sites, the relationship was not well supported, and no relationship could be found when using old scats in the models. Otter marking behaviour and differences in marking site use intensity, as well as seasonal differences in traceability and accumulation of old scats were discussed to bias the relationship between scat abundance and otter numbers.
Investment Barriers and Labeling Schemes for Socially Responsible Investments
Authors: Gutsche Gunnar , Zwergel Bernhard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGiven the increasing role of socially responsible investing (SRI), but still limited participation of individual (i.e. small, retail) investors, the objective of this study is twofold: (i) We aim to identify investment barriers regarding SRI for individual investors and analyze to what extent these barriers vary across different investor groups. (ii) We analyze to what extent sustainability or transparency labels can help to overcome these barriers. To this end, we empirically analyze data from a survey and a stated choice experiment for a broad sample of financial decision makers in German households. The results suggest that a considerable amount of respondents can imagine to invest in a socially responsible manner, which is promising for policymakers and practitioners who aim to foster sustainable development and SRI. However, too high information costs are a severe barrier for potential future investors and a considerable share of respondents distrusts providers of socially responsible investment products. Banks, who could help to solve this problem, appear not to fulfill their role as intermediaries. But we find that labels might serve as a complement to banks. Especially sustainability certificates that confirm the consideration of sustainability criteria could decrease information costs and overcome at least some barriers for some investor groups, particularly for new investors. However, the results also suggest that a certain degree of basic knowledge and trust in providers of socially responsible investment products is required before labels work efficiently.
Serum vitamin D levels are associated with structural and functional properties of the carotid artery in older men and women
Authors: Oudshoorn Christian , Mezzadri Martina , Colin Edgar M. , van Dijk Suzanne C. , Ruitenbeek Astrid G. , van den Meiracker Anton H. , van der Cammen Tischa J. M. , Mattace-Raso Francesco U. S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background and aims
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and carotid and brachial artery distensibility in patients older than 55 years, referred to the outpatient clinic of the department of internal medicine and geriatric medicine of the Erasmus Medical Center, in Rotterdam.

Methods and results
From April to July 2006 we consecutively enrolled 49 elder patients (21 men and 28 women, mean age 78 ± 8 years) without a cardiovascular event within 6 weeks before the visit. Carotid and brachial artery distensibility coefficients and serum 25(OH)D levels (mean 50 ± 28.8 nmol/L) were assessed. Multivariate analysis (with linear regression model) was performed to investigate the relation between these parameters: carotid artery distensibility coefficient was associated with serum 25(OH)D levels (β = 0.112; 95% CI 0.053 0.172; p = 0.001). Moreover, a negative association was also observed between carotid artery distensibility coefficient and mean arterial pressure (β = −0.279; 95% CI, −0.339 −0.159; p = 0.0001). On the contrary, brachial artery distensibility has shown no association with 25(OH)D levels, being negatively linked to LDL-cholesterol levels and heart rate. An association was also observed between serum 25(OH)D level and carotid artery intima–media thickness.

Conclusion
Our results revealed that serum 25(OH)D levels of older men and women were associated with both structural and functional properties of the carotid artery. No association was found with the brachial artery distensibility.
Personality Openness Predicts Driver Trust in Automated Driving
Authors: Li Wenmin , Yao Nailang , Shi Yanwei , Nie Weiran , Zhang Yuhai , Li Xiangrong , Liang Jiawen , Chen Fang , Gao Zaifeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMaintaining an appropriate level of trust in automated driving (AD) is critical to safe driving. However, few studies have explored factors affecting trust in AD in general, and no study, as far as is known, has directly investigated whether driver personality influences driver trust in an AD system. The current study investigates the relation between driver personality and driver trust in AD, focusing on Level 2 AD. Participants were required to perform a period of AD in a driving simulator, during which their gaze and driving behavior were recorded, as well as their subjective trust scores after driving. In three distinct measures, a significant correlation between Openness and driver trust in the AD system is found: participants with higher Openness traits tend to have less trust in the AD system. No significant correlations between driver trust in AD and other personality traits are found. The findings suggest that driver personality has an impact on driver trust in AD. Theoretical and practical implications of this finding are discussed.