bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of insulin degludec and insulin glargine U300 on glycaemic stability in individuals with type 1 diabetes: A multicentre, randomized controlled crossover study
Authors: Miura Hiroshi , Sakaguchi Kazuhiko , Otowa‐Suematsu Natsu , Yamada Tomoko , So Anna , Komada Hisako , Okada Yuko , Hirota Yushi , Tamori Yoshikazu , Ogawa Wataru 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo compare the effects of insulin degludec (IDeg) and insulin glargine U300 (IGlarU300) on glycaemic stability in subjects with type 1 diabetes.Materials and methodsIn this multicentre, crossover trial, 46 individuals with type 1 diabetes and essentially undetectable circulating C‐peptide were randomly assigned to either the IDeg‐first/IGlarU300‐second group or the IGlarU300‐first/IDeg‐second group, and were treated with the respective basal insulins for 4‐week periods. Data were collected in the last week of each treatment period. The primary aim was to examine the potential non‐inferiority of IDeg relative to IGlarU300 with regard to day‐to‐day variability, as evaluated by the standard deviation (SD) of fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. Intra‐day glycaemic variability and other variables were also determined by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).ResultsThe SD of FBG for IDeg was non‐inferior to that for IGlarU300. The mean of FBG, coefficient of variation of FBG, and various glycaemic variability indexes determined by CGM did not differ between the two insulins. Whereas the administered doses of the insulins also did not differ, the mean glycaemic value was lower for IDeg than IGlarU300; the time above the target range (>180 mg/dL [10.0 mmol/L]) and the time below the target range (<70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L]) were shorter and longer, respectively, for IDeg than IGlarU300.ConclusionsOur data suggest that IDeg and IGlarU300 have comparable glucose‐stabilizing effects in individuals with type 1 diabetes. However, the glucose‐lowering effect of IDeg may be greater than that of IGlarU300 when titrated with a unit‐based protocol.
Cardiometabolic risk factor control in black and white people in the United States initiating sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors: A real‐world study
Authors: Montvida Olga , Verma Subodh , Shaw Jonathan E. , Paul Sanjoy K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore cardiometabolic risk profiles, the probability of sustainable control, and the effectiveness of treatment with sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in black and white adults in the United States with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsUsing nationally representative US electronic medical records, 72 690 white and 10 004 black adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes initiating SGLT2 inhibitors during the period 2013 to 2018, continuing it for ≥6 months, and with follow‐up of ≥12 months, were identified. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and lipid changes at 6 months, and sustainability of control over 18 months post SGLT2 inhibitor initiation were explored, separately in those with and without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).ResultsThe white group was older (58 years) with lower mean HbA1c (8.5%), compared to the black group (age 54 years, HbA1c 9.0%). Body mass index distribution was similar. The proportions of people with uncontrolled SBP, LDL cholesterol, non‐HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were 24%, 42%, 51% and 62%, respectively, in white patients, and 31%, 51%, 49% and 32%, respectively, in black patients. At 6‐month follow‐up white and black patients had similar adjusted reductions in HbA1c (1.1%), SBP (8–10 mmHg), LDL cholesterol (0.26 – 0.34 mmol / L) and body weight (1.1–1.4 kg). However, over 18 months' follow‐up, compared to white patients, black patients were significantly less likely to achieve sustainable control in HbA1c (odds ratio [OR] 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63–0.72), body weight (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.72–0.91), SBP (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.61–0.74) and LDL cholesterol (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67–0.89). Triglyceride control was significantly better among black patients. Black patients had a significantly higher risk factor burden, irrespective of ASCVD status.ConclusionsWhile the effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors was similar among black and white patients, irrespective of ASCVD status, black patients continued to have worse cardiometabolic risk factor burden after SGLT2 inhibitor initiation.
Defeatist performance beliefs in individuals at clinical high‐risk for psychosis and outpatients with chronic schizophrenia
Authors: Clay Kendall B. , Raugh Ian M. , Bartolomeo Lisa A. , Strauss Gregory P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimPrior studies indicate that defeatist performance beliefs (DPBs) are elevated in those in the chronic phase of schizophrenia (SZ) and associated with negative symptoms, functional outcome and neurocognitive impairment. However, it is unclear whether these same patterns of results hold in participants at clinical high‐risk (CHR) for psychosis.MethodsTwo studies were conducted to determine whether prior results in SZ could be replicated and extended to CHR. Participants included 184 healthy controls (CN) and 186 outpatients with chronic SZ for Study 1, and 30 CN and 35 CHR in Study 2. In both studies, participants completed the DPB scale and measures of negative symptoms, psychosocial functioning and neurocognition.ResultsBoth chronic SZ and CHR participants had elevated DPBs compared to CN (p's < .01). In SZ, higher DPBs were associated with greater negative symptoms (r's = .31‐.37, p's < .01), poorer social functioning and impaired social cognition (r = −.40, P < .001). In CHR, greater DPBs were associated with poorer social functioning (r = −.52, P < .05) and impairments in the neurocognitive domains of reasoning (r = −.48, P < .05) and processing speed (r = −.41, P < .05). Models testing whether DPBs mediated links between negative symptoms and functioning, negative symptoms and cognition and cognition and functioning were nonsignificant in SZ and CHR samples.ConclusionsFindings generally provide support for the cognitive model of negative symptoms and functioning and suggest that DPBs are an important clinical target across phases of psychotic illness.
Can the occipital alpha‐phase speed up visual detection through a real‐time EEG‐based brain–computer interface (BCI)?
Authors: Vigué‐Guix Irene , Morís Fernández Luis , Torralba Cuello Mireia , Ruzzoli Manuela , Soto‐Faraco Salvador 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElectrical brain oscillations reflect fluctuations in neural excitability. Fluctuations in the alpha band (α, 8–12 Hz) in the occipito‐parietal cortex are thought to regulate sensory responses, leading to cyclic variations in visual perception. Inspired by this theory, some past and recent studies have addressed the relationship between α‐phase from extra‐cranial EEG and behavioural responses to visual stimuli in humans. The latest studies have used offline approaches to confirm α‐gated cyclic patterns. However, a particularly relevant implication is the possibility to use this principle online, whereby stimuli are time‐locked to specific α‐phases leading to predictable outcomes in performance. Here, we aimed at providing a proof of concept for such real‐time neurotechnology. Participants performed a speeded response task to visual targets that were presented upon a real‐time estimation of the α‐phase via an EEG closed‐loop brain–computer interface (BCI). According to the theory, we predicted a modulation of reaction times (RTs) along the α‐cycle. Our BCI system achieved reliable trial‐to‐trial phase locking of stimuli to the phase of individual occipito‐parietal α‐oscillations. Yet, the behavioural results did not support a consistent relation between RTs and the phase of the α‐cycle neither at group nor at single participant levels. We must conclude that although the α‐phase might play a role in perceptual decisions from a theoretical perspective, its impact on EEG‐based BCI application appears negligible.
A functional m6A‐RNA methylation pathway in the oyster Crassostrea gigas assumes epitranscriptomic regulation of lophotrochozoan development
Authors: Le Franc Lorane , Bernay Benoit , Petton Bruno , Since Marc , Favrel Pascal , Rivière Guillaume 
Published: August 2020

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent epitranscriptomic mark in eukaryotic RNA, with crucial roles for mammalian and ecdysozoan development. Indeed, m6A‐RNA and the related protein machinery are important for splicing, translation, maternal‐to‐zygotic transition and cell differentiation. However, to date, the presence of an m6A‐RNA pathway remains unknown in more distant animals, questioning the evolution and significance of the epitranscriptomic regulation. Therefore, we investigated the m6A‐RNA pathway in the oyster Crassostrea gigas, a lophotrochozoan model whose development was demonstrated under strong epigenetic influence. Using mass spectrometry and dot blot assays, we demonstrated that m6A‐RNA is actually present in the oyster and displays variations throughout early oyster development, with the lowest levels at the end of cleavage. In parallel, by in silico analyses, we were able to characterize at the molecular level a complete and conserved putative m6A machinery. The expression levels of the identified putative m6A writers, erasers and readers were strongly regulated across oyster development. Finally, RNA pull‐down coupled to LC‐MS/MS allowed us to prove the actual presence of readers able to bind m6A‐RNA and exhibiting specific developmental patterns. Altogether, our results demonstrate the conservation of a complete m6A‐RNA pathway in the oyster and strongly suggest its implication in early developmental processes including MZT. This first demonstration and characterization of an epitranscriptomic regulation in a lophotrochozoan model, potentially involved in the embryogenesis, bring new insights into our understanding of developmental epigenetic processes and their evolution.
Haemostatic efficacy of single‐dose factor administration in neonates with severe haemophilia undergoing circumcision
Authors: Swaminathan Neeraja , Thatcher Collin , Staber Janice M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionPerioperative management of children with haemophilia undergoing surgery is a complex and understudied topic. Circumcision is the most common procedure performed in the neonatal period, and guidelines to prevent bleeding complications from circumcision are lacking. Treatment protocols vary widely, and many centres treat patients with factor products for up to two weeks after circumcision. There is an unmet need for studies evaluating optimal factor replacement therapy around the time of circumcision in neonates with severe haemophilia.AimTo determine the efficacy of a single dose of factor replacement before circumcision to prevent bleeding complications in neonates with severe haemophilia.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of male infants born between January 2000 and June 2019. Male neonates with severe haemophilia diagnosed at the Iowa Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center (n = 22) and healthy newborn controls who underwent circumcision at the University of Iowa Hospitals were included. Data were collected from the electronic medical record. Neonates with severe haemophilia were separated into two groups—those pretreated with one dose of factor replacement before circumcision and those without pretreatment.ResultsWe observed that neonates with severe haemophilia pretreated with a single dose of factor VIII or factor IX replacement had significantly reduced bleeding complications, shorter hospital stay and required less therapeutic intervention compared with untreated patients. Importantly, pretreated patients had outcomes similar to healthy controls.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that a single dose of factor replacement before circumcision is effective to prevent bleeding in neonates with severe haemophilia.
TACC3 expression as a prognostic factor in aggressive types of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma patients
Authors: Moritsubo Mayuko , Miyoshi Hiroaki , Matsuda Kotaro , Yoshida Noriaki , Nakashima Kazutaka , Yanagida Eriko , Yamada Kyohei , Takeuchi Mai , Suzuki Takaharu , Muta Hiroko , Umeno Takeshi , Furuta Takuya , Seto Masao , Ohshima Koichi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionAdult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a malignant peripheral T‐cell neoplasm associated with human T‐cell leukemia virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1). The acute and lymphoma subtypes are regarded as aggressive ATLLs, and the overall survival (OS) of patients remains poor. Transforming acidic coiled‐coil‐containing protein 3 (TACC3) regulates microtubules, which are associated with cancer‐related proteins overexpressed in various cancers. Such a relationship has not been reported in hematopoietic tumors, including ATLL.MethodsWe examined tissue microarrays of histological samples from 92 cases of aggressive ATLL and assessed clinical features, including TACC3 protein expression levels.ResultsCompared with TACC3‐low, TACC3‐high ATLL patients were significantly older (P < .001), with a tendency toward pleomorphic variant over other morphological classifications (P = .019). TACC3‐high patients (median survival time [MST] 10.6 months, confidence interval [CI] [6.27‐15.6]) had poorer OS compared to TACC3‐low patients (MST 20 months, CI [9.43‐38.5]) (P = .0168). Moreover, multivariate analysis on TACC3 expression levels suggests that TACC3‐high is an independent significant prognostic factor (HR, 1.700; 95% CI, 1.037‐2.753; P = .0355).ConclusionCertain drugs that inhibit TACC3‐overexpressing neoplastic cells are used clinically. Further studies might highlight a key role for TACC3 in the oncogenesis and progression of ATLL.
Optimal management of blood glucose, blood pressure and atrial fibrillation to reduce the risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Fan Li , Pan Jian‐An , Lin Hao , Wang Chang‐Qian , Zhang Jun‐Feng , Gu Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension and atrial fibrillation (AF) are risk factors for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).AimTo examine the effects of the simultaneous control of all three conditions on new‐onset HFpEF in this population.MethodsThis prospective cohort study enrolled 552 patients with T2DM, hypertension and AF, but without clinical signs or symptoms of heart failure. The participants were followed up for 5 years to examine the effects of glycaemic control (haemoglobin A1c: <7.0%, 7.0%–8.0% and >8.0%), blood pressure (BP) control (systolic BP: <120, 120–140 and >140 mmHg) or rhythm versus rate control for AF on new‐onset HFpEF.ResultsWith a follow up of 5 years, the new‐onset HFpEF occurred in 62 of 552 enrolled participants. Among the different control level for diabetes, hypertension and AF, the intensive blood glucose (BG) control, poor BP control and rate control of AF had the highest risk of new‐onset HFpEF, and the conservative BG control, intensive BP control and rhythm control of AF had the lowest risk of new‐onset HFpEF. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that both poor BP control (hazard ratio (HR): 1.421, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.013–1.992, P = 0.042) and rate control of AF (HR: 1.362, 95% CI: 1.006–1.821, P = 0.033) were independently associated with the development of new‐onset HFpEF.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that, besides intensive BP control, conservative BG control and rhythm control of AF were crucial factors to delay the progression of HFpEF among patients with T2DM, hypertension and AF.
Development of stereo vision in young infants
Authors: Röthlisberger Martina , Frick Andrea 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, infants’ visual processing of depth‐inducing stimuli was tested using a new method suitable for experimental settings. Stereograms of the Lang‐Stereopad® were presented in a timed preferential‐looking paradigm to determine infants’ preference for a stereogram as compared to a stimulus not inducing an impression of depth. A total of 80 infants were tested at 7 months of age; of these, a sub‐sample of 41 infants were tested longitudinally at 4 and 7 months to characterize the developmental trajectory of their preference. Infants were simultaneously presented with a card showing a random‐dot stereogram (800ʺ disparity) and a similar looking dummy card without stereogram. In the total sample, 7‐month‐olds showed a clear preference for the stereogram regardless of sex. In the longitudinal sample, 7‐month‐olds but not 4‐month‐olds looked significantly longer to the stereogram as compared to the dummy card. On individual level, 56% of the 4‐month‐olds and 85% of the 7‐month‐olds predominantly looked at the stereogram. The findings yield evidence for a clear developmental progression and show that the test cards of the Lang‐Stereopad® prototype provide a viable instrument to determine the preference for depth‐inducing stimuli in young infants when used in a controlled experimental setting.
Physical health assessment and cardiometabolic monitoring practices across three adult mental health inpatient units – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Howard Rebekah , Kuhn Lisa , Millar Freyja , Street Maryann 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAustralians with lived experience of mental illness die on average 10 or more years earlier than the general population. Cardiometabolic disorders, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, are common causes of premature death in this cohort. Little is known about cardiometabolic monitoring practices in mental health inpatient units. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of cardiometabolic monitoring and physical health assessments of adult mental health consumers within the first 72 hours of admission to an inpatient unit. We implemented a retrospective descriptive exploratory design by medical record audit. Data were collected using a pre‐validated audit tool, adapted with recent literature and policy, from a randomly selected sample of consumers admitted to three acute mental health adult inpatient units of a large Australian metropolitan health service in 2016. Of 228 consumers, the mean age was 37.5 (range 18–64) years and 51.3% were women. Cardiometabolic risks were common, yet most consumers received incomplete cardiometabolic monitoring. While few consumers (15%) were diagnosed with cardiometabolic comorbidities, 67.5% were prescribed psychotropic medications with high cardiometabolic risk. Compliance with recommended cardiometabolic monitoring varied considerably between risk factors: for example, blood pressure was measured in 56.1% of consumers, whereas waist circumference was never recorded. There were no statistically significant associations between cardiometabolic monitoring completion and sex or cardiometabolic risk. These findings demonstrate the need for increased education and awareness of cardiometabolic risk and identify a critical gap between physical health assessment practices and recommendations for this cohort.
Foot care knowledge, attitudes and practices among patients with diabetic foot and amputation in St. Kitts and Nevis
Authors: Hanley Gracelyn , Chiou Piao‐Yi , Liu Chieh‐Yu , Chen Hui‐Mei , Pfeiffer Stefani 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAbout one‐third of admissions to the surgical unit annually are diabetes foot infections in need of amputation In St. Kitts and Nevis. However, the risk factors related to diabetes foot and amputation remain unknown. This study investigated factors associated with diabetic foot and amputation (DFA). Retrospective case control study design, and purposive and quota sampling method was used to recruit the participants. Patients with and without DFA were interviewed at two main hospitals, several primary health centres, and a private doctor's office during July and August 2018. Self‐development questionnaires were applied to assess patients' demographic, physical and behaviour, foot care knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to DFA. Chi‐square, t‐test, and multiple logistic regressions were used to analyse the data. A total of 210 patients were evaluated, 89 had DFA, while 121 did not, with a mean age of 61.10 (SD = 11.85). Participants' responses indicated good knowledge, favourable attitudes, and adequate practices related to foot care. The two items of the questionnaire, ways to maintain blood flow in the lower extremities and wash their feet daily, had significant lower score in DFA group. In multiple logistic regression, knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to foot care were not a significant predictor of DFA. Being male was a predictor of DFA than female (OR = 3.53; 95% CI = 1.65‐7.57; P < .01). Participants who were currently unemployed were less likely to have DFA than those who were employed (OR = 0.38; 95% Cl = 0.17‐0.86; P < .05). Comparing patients with the longest experience of diabetes mellitus (31 years or more) with those who had diabetes for the shortest period of time (between 1 and 10 years) was less likely to have DFA (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.15‐0.97; P = <.05). The combination of these independent variables could explain 29% of the variance in DFA. Based on these findings, strategies to prevent diabetic foot and amputation should focus on male and outdoor heavy worker, and longer duration of diabetes patients which are identified in this study.
Effects of strength‐based intervention on health outcomes of family caregivers of persons with dementia: A study protocol
Authors: S. F. Yu Doris , Cheng Sheung‐Tak , Chow Esther Oi‐Wah , Kwok Timothy , Mccormack Brendan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aims at identifying the health effects of a strength‐based intervention on family caregivers of persons with dementia and to explore the underlying mechanism. The perception of family caregivers on the strength‐based intervention will also be explored.DesignThis sequential mixed‐method study comprises a double‐blind randomized controlled trial and a descriptive qualitative study.MethodsA group of 372 family caregivers of persons with dementia will be recruited from community settings. They will be randomized to receive the strength‐based intervention or a dementia education program. Based on Antonovksy's theory of salutogenesis, the strength‐based intervention integrates skills of narrative therapy and empowerment strategies. It comprises 14 weekly group‐based sessions and two bi‐weekly follow‐up telephone calls. The education program serves as the control intervention. Validated instruments are used to measure sense of coherence, coping, caregiver burden, and health‐related quality of life at baseline, 14 weeks, and 22 weeks. Mixed‐effects models and path analysis will be used to identify the treatment effect and the mediating mechanism. A subsample of 30 caregivers who report differential changes in the health outcome will be engaged in qualitative interviews. The study was funded in 2017.DiscussionThis study marks the first attempt to adopt a theory‐driven strength‐based approach to improve the health outcomes of family caregivers of persons with dementia. The stringent and comprehensive evaluation will inform its effects and the underlying mechanism.ImpactThis study will have important theoretical and public health implications. Theoretically, the study will enhance understanding of Antonovsky's theory of salutogenesis by examining the modifiability of sense of coherence and the way it enhances health‐related outcomes. In terms of public health implications, the strength‐based intervention focusing on optimizing the inner strength can provide a new paradigm to promote the adjustment of family caregivers of persons with dementia.Trial RegistrationThis project was registered in the Clinical Trials Registry of the Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics (registration number: CUHK_CCRB00551; date registered: 6 April 2017).