bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycosylated fibronectin point‐of‐care test for diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia in a low‐resource setting: a prospective Southeast Asian population study
Authors: Nagalla SR , Janaki V , Vijayalakshmi AR , Chayadevi K , Pratibha D , Rao PV , Sage KM , Nair‐Schaef D , Bean E , Roberts CT , Gravett MG 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the performance of a glycosylated fibronectin (GlyFn) point‐of‐care (POC) test for pre‐eclampsia (PE) in a large Southeast Asian cohort (India) in comparison to previously described biomarkers.DesignA total of 798 pregnant women at ≥20 weeks of gestation were enrolled in a prospective case‐control study. Study participants included 469 normotensive women with urinary mg protein/mmol creatinine ratio <0.3, 135 with PE (hypertension with urinary mg protein/mmol creatinine ratio ≥0.3) and 194 with gestational hypertension (hypertension with urinary mg protein/mmol creatinine ratio <0.3).MethodsGlyFn levels were determined using a POC device and PIGF, sFlt‐1 and PAPPA2 levels were determined by immunoassay. Performance was assessed using logistic regression modelling and receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Classification performance and positive and negative predictive values are reported at specific thresholds.ResultsIncreased levels of GlyFn, soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) and pregnancy‐associated placental protein A2 (PAPPA2), and decreased levels of placental growth factor (PlGF) were significantly associated (P < 0.01) with clinically defined PE. Area under the ROC (AUROC) values with 95% confidence intervals were: GlyFn, 0.99 (0.98–0.99); PlGF, 0.96 (0.94–0.98); sFlt‐1, 0.86 (0.83–0.89); and PAPPA2, 0.96 (0.94–0.97). Of subjects with GH, 48% were positive for more than two PE biomarkers, and 70% of these delivered preterm.ConclusionsThe Lumella™ GlyFn POC test has been validated in a low/middle‐income country setting for PE diagnosis and may be a useful adjunctive tool for early identification, appropriate triage, and improved outcomes.Tweetable abstractThe Lumella™ point‐of‐care test had excellent performance in diagnosing PE in a large Southeast Asian cohort.
The effect of COVID‐19 lockdowns on political support: Some good news for democracy?
Authors: BOL DAMIEN , GIANI MARCO , BLAIS ANDRÉ , LOEWEN PETER JOHN 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMajor crises can act as critical junctures or reinforce the political status quo, depending on how citizens view the performance of central institutions. We use an interrupted time series to study the political effect of the enforcement of a strict confinement policy in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Specifically, we take advantage of a unique representative web‐based survey that was fielded in March and April 2020 in Western Europe to compare the political support of those who took the survey right before and right after the start of the lockdown in their country. We find that lockdowns have increased vote intentions for the party of the Prime Minister/President, trust in government and satisfaction with democracy. Furthermore, we find that, while rallying individuals around current leaders and institutions, they have had no effect on traditional left–right attitudes.
Coyote (Canis latrans) in South America: potential routes of colonization
Authors: MONROY‐VILCHIS Octavio , GONZÁLEZ‐MAYA José F. , BALBUENA‐SERRANO Ángel , ELVIR Fausto , ZARCO‐GONZÁLEZ Martha M. , RODRÍGUEZ‐SOTO Clarita 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuring the last century, the coyote (Canis latrans) has increased its distribution in Central America. Before the 1980s, it had not been recorded in Panama. New records show that coyotes have crossed the Panama Canal, indicating that continues to expand; therefore, there is a possibility that it will reach northern South America. Our objectives were to identify potential coyote colonization routes to South America, and the variables that favor its expansion. We hypothesized that habitat fragmentation benefits coyote expansion. We applied 7 algorithms to model the potential distribution of the coyote, using 196 presence records and 12 variables. The models with better performance were used to generate a consensus model. Using our consensus model and the areas with highest probability of presence, a potential colonization route was generated between Central America and northern South America. This route lies through southern Costa Rica, along the Pacific coast of Panama to the south, to the Andean mountains in northern Colombia. The variables that explained potential coyote distribution were human population density, altitude, and percentage of crops with positive influence, and tropical broadleaf forests with negative influence. These results indicate that human activities and deforestation are related to coyote distribution expansion. Actions can be implemented within the identified route to improve environmental management, in order to avoid the presence of the coyote in the ecosystems of northern South America.
Effects of an Orexin‐2 Receptor Antagonist on Sleep and Event‐Related Oscillations in Female Rats Exposed to Chronic Intermittent Ethanol During Adolescence
Authors: Amodeo Leslie R. , Wills Derek N. , Sanchez‐Alavez Manuel , Ehlers Cindy L. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAlcohol use is on the rise among women in the United States which is especially concerning since women who drink have a higher risk of alcohol‐related problems. Orexin (hypocretin) receptor antagonists may have some therapeutic value for alcohol‐induced insomnia; however, the use of this class of drugs following female adolescent binge drinking is limited. The current study will address whether adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) in female rats can result in lasting changes in sleep pathology and whether orexin‐targeted treatment can alleviate these deficits.MethodsFollowing a 5‐week AIE vapor model, young adult rats were evaluated on waking event‐related oscillations (EROs) and EEG sleep. Subsequently, AIE rats were treated with orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) antagonist (MK‐1064; 10, 20mg/kg) to test for modifications in sleep pathology and waking ERO.ResultsFemale AIE rats exhibited lasting changes in sleep compared to controls. This was demonstrated by increased fragmentation of slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement sleep, as well as reductions in delta and theta power during SWS. There was no impact of AIE on waking EROs. Acute MK‐1064 hastened SWS onset and increased the number of SWS episodes, without increasing sleep fragmentation in AIE and controls. While treatment with MK‐1064 did not impact sleep EEG spectra, waking ERO energy was increased in delta, theta, and beta frequency bands.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that AIE can produce lasting changes in sleep in female rats, highly similar to what we previously found in males. Additionally, while the OX2R antagonist promoted sleep in both alcohol‐exposed and unexposed rats, it did not reverse most of the alcohol‐induced disruptions in sleep. Thus, OX2R antagonism may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of insomnia, but not the specific signs of alcohol‐induced insomnia.
Permanent brain arrest as the sole criterion of death in systemic circulatory arrest
Authors: Gardiner D. , McGee A. , Bernat J. L. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryHistorically, there has been a tendency to think that there are two types of death: circulatory and neurological. Holding onto this tendency is making it harder to navigate emerging resuscitative technologies, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and the recent well‐publicised experiment that demonstrated the possibility of restoring cellular function to some brain neurons 4 h after normothermic circulatory arrest (decapitation) in pigs. Attempts have been made to respond to these difficulties by proposing a unified brain‐based criterion for human death, which we call ‘permanent brain arrest’. The clinical characteristics of permanent brain arrest are the permanent loss of capacity for consciousness and permanent loss of all brainstem functions, including the capacity to breathe. These losses could arise from a primary brain injury or as a result of systemic circulatory arrest. We argue that permanent brain arrest is the true and sole criterion for the death of human beings and show that this is already implicit in the circulatory‐respiratory criterion itself. We argue that accepting the concept of permanent cessation of brain function in patients with systemic permanent circulatory arrest will help us better navigate the medical advances and new technologies of the future whilst continuing to provide sound medical criteria for the determination of death.
The rise of organ donation after circulatory death: a narrative review
Authors: Gardiner D. , Charlesworth M. , Rubino A. , Madden S. 
Published: May 2020

SummarySolid organ transplantation saves and transforms lives. The original type of organ donation from deceased patients was controlled donation after circulatory death, previously referred to as non‐heart beating organ donation. The rise of donation after circulatory death in the UK came about through advances in critical care and transplant medicine and support from several key organisations in developing a robust ethical, legal and professional framework. The transplant waiting list reached a historic peak in 2009–2010 of 8000 patients, but fell by 25% to 6000 in 2017–2018. There has also been a steady rise in the number of deceased donors and the number of donations after circulatory death. The contribution of donation after circulatory death to the total number of donations rose steadily between 2000 and 2012 and has remained about 40% since. Although the situation has improved for patients waiting for a transplant, deaths and long waits remain common. Changes to legislative, technical and peri‐mortem procedures may greatly change future practices in donation after circulatory death in the UK.
Editorial: the most commonly used IBD indices still fail to represent real life and subjective patient experience
Authors: Creemers Rob H. , Bloem Sjaak , van Bodegraven Adriaan A. 
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Lauriot dit Prevost et al and Pariente papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15681 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15736.
Self‐care performance in children with cerebral palsy: a longitudinal study
Authors: Burgess Andrea , Boyd Roslyn N , Chatfield Mark D , Ziviani Jenny , Sakzewski Leanne 
Published: May 2020

AimTo investigate self‐care developmental trajectories in children with cerebral palsy (CP) across all functional ability levels, according to Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) levels.MethodThis was a prospective longitudinal population‐based study of 71 children aged from 2 years 6 months to 12 years, with CP (47 [66%] males, 24 [34%] females). Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) measures were taken at 2 years 6 months, 3, 4, and 5 years, and the PEDI ‐ Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI‐CAT) between 8 and 12 years. At 8 to 12 years, children were classified in MACS levels I (21; 30%), II (22; 31%), III (16; 23%), IV (6; 8%), and V (6; 8%). Longitudinal analysis of the PEDI Functional Skills Scale self‐care and PEDI‐CAT daily activities domains used the published linking equation, and multilevel mixed‐effects regression modelling with interaction between age and MACS.ResultsBetween 5 and 12 years of age, children classified in MACS levels I to III continued to show progress in self‐care development (PEDI‐CAT scaled scores estimated change per year: I, 0.72; II, 0.49; III, 0.48). Children classified in MACS level IV showed an upward non‐significant trend between 5 and 8 to 12 years (estimated change 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.04 to 0.88). Children in MACS level V showed a decline in self‐care (estimated change: −0.65; 95% CI −1.16 to −0.14).InterpretationSelf‐care development attained by 8 to 12 years of age was related to the severity of manual ability impairment. Application of the linking equation from PEDI to PEDI‐CAT is somewhat uncertain at the extreme lower end of the scale. Our study supports recommendations for items to be added to the PEDI‐CAT to address floor effect.What this paper adds

Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) levels are most appropriate to use in models predicting self‐care performance.
Children classified in MACS levels I to III showed steady rates of improvement in self‐care.
Children in MACS level IV showed an upward trend of improvement in self‐care.
Children in MACS level V showed a decline in self‐care.
Manual ability and self‐care are closely linked in children with cerebral palsy across childhood.
Seeing yourself clearly: Self‐identification of a body image problem in adolescents with an eating disorder
Authors: Fatt Scott J. , Mond Jonathan , Bussey Kay , Griffiths Scott , Murray Stuart B. , Lonergan Alexandra , Hay Phillipa , Pike Kathleen , Trompeter Nora , Mitchison Deborah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimMany adolescents who meet diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder do not self‐identify as having a problem and may consequently be less likely to seek help. Extant research investigating self‐identification has been limited to specific populations (ie, girls meeting criteria for bulimic‐type eating disorders). This study investigated how self‐identification varied across sex, eating disorder diagnoses, and the presence of extreme eating behaviours, and how self‐identification was related to help‐seeking in adolescents.MethodsParticipants included 1002 Australian school students (75.5% female, Mage = 15.14 years, SD = 1.40) who met DSM‐5 diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder. An online survey assessed self‐identification of having a body image problem, as well as sex, eating disorder diagnosis, extreme eating behaviours, help‐seeking for a body image problem, and other potential correlates of self‐identification (demographics, psychological distress, social function, weight and shape concerns).ResultsApproximately, 2 in 3 adolescents with an eating disorder self‐identified as having a body image problem. Girls who met criteria for a major eating disorder diagnosis, and those engaging in extreme eating behaviours, were more likely to self‐identify. When adjusting for covariates, only sex remained significantly associated with self‐identification. Adolescents who self‐identified were 2.71 times more likely to seek help for a body image problem, adjusting for covariates.ConclusionsPublic health strategies ought to promote awareness regarding the different ways that body image problems might manifest among both girls and boys, as well as the potential gravity of such problems. Awareness among parents, teachers and primary care providers should also be considered.
Principals supporting teacher leadership: The effects of learning‐centred leadership on teacher leadership practices with the mediating role of teacher agency
Authors: Bellibaş Mehmet Şükrü , Gümüş Sedat , Kılınç Ali Çağatay 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTeacher leadership has attracted scholarly interest over the past decade because of its potential to build internal capacity for sustainable school improvement. However, the existing studies have mostly been descriptive and limited to qualitative studies, lacking in terms of showing whether and to what extent principal leadership might influence teacher leadership. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of principals' learning‐centred leadership in fostering teacher leadership and the mediating role of teacher agency in Turkey. The study conducted a cross‐sectional survey design. Structural equation modeling was used for estimating relationships among variables in the conceptual model. Findings demonstrated that principals' learning‐centred leadership had a moderate but statistically significant direct effect on teacher leadership and a significant and moderate effect on teacher agency. Findings also highlighted teacher agency as a significant mediator in the relationship between principals' learning‐centred leadership and teacher leadership. The research confirmed that principals' leadership practices with specific emphasis on teaching and learning were important for enhancing a school culture in which teachers' participation in decisions and their enthusiasm for undertaking leadership practices are supported.
Statistical approaches for spatial sample survey: Persistent misconceptions and new developments
Authors: Brus Dick J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeveral misconceptions about the design‐based approach for sampling and statistical inference, based on classical sampling theory, seem to be quite persistent. These misconceptions are the result of confusion about basic statistical concepts such as independence, expectation, and bias and variance of estimators or predictors. These concepts have a different meaning in the design‐based and model‐based approach, because they consider different sources of randomness. Also, a population mean is still often confused with a model mean, and a population variance with a model‐variance, leading to invalid formulas for the variance of an estimator of the population mean. In this paper the fundamental differences between these two approaches are illustrated with simulations, so that hopefully more pedometricians get a better understanding of this subject. An overview is presented of how in the design‐based approach we can make use of knowledge of the spatial structure of the study variable. In the second part, new developments in both the design‐based and model‐based approach are described that try to combine the strengths of the two approaches.Highlights
Ignorance of fundamental differences between design‐based and model‐based approaches still cause errors in statistical inference.
Basic statistical concepts such as independence, variance and bias of an estimator have a different meaning in the two approaches.
In estimating and testing it is important to distinguish population parameters from model parameters.
Hybrid methods that combine the strengths of the two approaches are reviewed.
Comparison of forest above‐ground biomass from dynamic global vegetation models with spatially explicit remotely sensed observation‐based estimates
Authors: Yang Hui , Ciais Philippe , Santoro Maurizio , Huang Yuanyuan , Li Wei , Wang Yilong , Bastos Ana , Goll Daniel , Arneth Almut , Anthoni Peter , Arora Vivek K. , Friedlingstein Pierre , Harverd Vanessa , Joetzjer Emilie , Kautz Markus , Lienert Sebastian , Nabel Julia E. M. S. , O'Sullivan Michael , Sitch Stephen , Vuichard Nicolas , Wiltshire Andy , Zhu Dan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGaps in our current understanding and quantification of biomass carbon stocks, particularly in tropics, lead to large uncertainty in future projections of the terrestrial carbon balance. We use the recently published GlobBiomass data set of forest above‐ground biomass (AGB) density for the year 2010, obtained from multiple remote sensing and in situ observations at 100 m spatial resolution to evaluate AGB estimated by nine dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). The global total forest AGB of the nine DGVMs is 365 ± 66 Pg C, the spread corresponding to the standard deviation between models, compared to 275 Pg C with an uncertainty of ~13.5% from GlobBiomass. Model‐data discrepancy in total forest AGB can be attributed to their discrepancies in the AGB density and/or forest area. While DGVMs represent the global spatial gradients of AGB density reasonably well, they only have modest ability to reproduce the regional spatial gradients of AGB density at scales below 1000 km. The 95th percentile of AGB density (AGB95) in tropics can be considered as the potential maximum of AGB density which can be reached for a given annual precipitation. GlobBiomass data show local deficits of AGB density compared to the AGB95, particularly in transitional and/or wet regions in tropics. We hypothesize that local human disturbances cause more AGB density deficits from GlobBiomass than from DGVMs, which rarely represent human disturbances. We then analyse empirical relationships between AGB density deficits and forest cover changes, population density, burned areas and livestock density. Regression analysis indicated that more than 40% of the spatial variance of AGB density deficits in South America and Africa can be explained; in Southeast Asia, these factors explain only ~25%. This result suggests TRENDY v6 DGVMs tend to underestimate biomass loss from diverse and widespread anthropogenic disturbances, and as a result overestimate turnover time in AGB.
High‐yield lipid production from lignocellulosic biomass using engineered xylose‐utilizing Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Yook Sang Do , Kim Jiwon , Gong Gyeongtack , Ko Ja Kyong , Um Youngsoon , Han Sung Ok , Lee Sun‐Mi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLignocellulosic biomass shows high potential as a renewable feedstock for use in biodiesel production via microbial fermentation. Yarrowia lipolytica, an emerging oleaginous yeast, has been engineered to efficiently convert xylose, the second most abundant sugar in lignocellulosic biomass, into lipids for lignocellulosic biodiesel production. Yet, the lipid yield from xylose or lignocellulosic biomass remains far lower than that from glucose. Here we developed an efficient xylose‐utilizing Y. lipolytica strain, expressing an isomerase‐based pathway, to achieve high‐yield lipid production from lignocellulosic biomass. The newly developed xylose‐utilizing Y. lipolytica, YSXID, produced 12.01 g/L lipids with a maximum yield of 0.16 g/g, the highest ever reported, from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Consequently, this study shows the potential of isomerase‐based xylose‐utilizing Y. lipolytica for economical and sustainable production of biodiesel and oleochemicals from lignocellulosic biomass.
Pulmonary embolism: clinical presentation and diagnosis in the oldest old
Authors: Chan Ting F. , Ngian Vincent J. J. , Hsu Kelvin , Frankel Anthony , Ong Bin S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) in the oldest old (persons aged ≥85) is increasing, but there are limited data on its clinical features and diagnosis. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 302 consecutive patients with confirmed PE and compared the oldest old to the young (aged <65) and the younger old (aged 65–84). The most common symptoms in the oldest old were dyspnoea (74.3%) and tachypnoea (71.4%), but the prevalence of chest pain decreased with advancing age. Delayed diagnosis was most common in the oldest old and was associated with increasing age, absence of dyspnoea, presence of cardiorespiratory disease and a higher Charlson Comorbidity index. Better age‐specific diagnostic pathways are required in this population.
Enhancing community of inquiry and reflective thinking skills of undergraduates through using learning analytics‐based process feedback
Authors: Yılmaz Ramazan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis research aims to investigate into the effect of using learning analytics (LA)‐based process feedback on students' perceptions of community of inquiry (teaching, social and cognitive presence) and their reflective thinking skills. By using a mixed‐method research approach (QUAN + qual), this study was conducted as an experimental design with the pretest–posttest control group. A total of 104 university students who were randomly assigned to the experiment group (EG) and control group (CG) were recruited in this study. The procedure was conducted within the scope of the computing course based on the flipped classroom (FC) model. While the participants in the EG received LA‐based process feedback which shows their LA results in a weekly manner, those in the CG did not get any LA‐based process feedback. The data were collected through the Community of Inquiry Scale, the Reflective Thinking Scale and a semi‐structured student opinion form. The findings indicated that sending feedback including the students' LA results had a statistically significant effect on the students' perceptions of community of inquiry and reflective thinking skills. Based on the findings of the study, several recommendations for teachers, instructional designers and researchers have been made.