bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Trends and Practices Among 6-23 Months Old Children: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study From Bhaktapur, Nepal
Authors: Uprety Sophiya , Khadka Anjita , Paudyal Alina , Shrestha Dhruba 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Child undernutrition has been a prevailing issue in country like Nepal. Though there has been progress over the decades, the burden of child undernutrition still remains unacceptably high. It is important to look at how infants and young children’s feeding practices and nutritional status are affected by nutrition transitioning in rapidly urbanizing Nepal Methods: This is a cross-sectional research design Children aged 6-23 months and their mothers visiting the hospital for regular immunization services constituted the study population. Data was collected from 305 children over four months from September 2019 to January 2020. Anthropometric measurements (weight and length) were collected of all children and their mothers/caretakers were interviewed on the IYCF practices via a semi-structured questionnaire Data was analyzed using WHO Anthro Survey Analyzer, Microsoft Excel and STATA 15.Results: Early initiation of breastfeeding was 47.9% and use of bottle was 48.5%. Minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet were 66.2%, 79.1% and 54.4% respectively. Consumption of nutrient-poor packaged foods was 63.0% with biscuits being the most common type (52.1%) and 32.8% of the children were found to be drinking tea. Overall, 13.8% of the children were stunted, 3.9% were underweight and 1.7% were wasted while 2.3% were overweight.Conclusion: The practices related to breastfeeding and diets of young children in urban areas of Nepal are not optimal with only around half meeting the minimum standards recommended by the WHO. Therefore, there is a pressing need to wake up to the rapidly changing dietary patterns among young children through necessary urban nutrition policies and programmatic interventions, the rising adverse nutrition issues can be nipped in the bud before they get too pervasive.
The Impacts of Implementing Primary Care Indicators and Related Financial Incentives on the Trends of Vaccination Coverage Against Influenza Among Elderly People in Hungary
Authors: Szőllősi Gergő , Al-Tammemi Ala’a , Harsányi Szilvia , Garbóczy Szabolcs Dr. , Dr.Balogh Nándor , Simon Ildikó Dr. , Kolozsvári László Dr. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Influenza is considered one of the most important global public health issues, and a main contributing factor to significant mortality and morbidity across many countries worldwide, especially among elderlies. This study aimed to evaluate the changes of flu vaccination coverage among elderlies in Hungary over the past years and to analyze the effect of implementing financial incentive related primary care indicators on the vaccination coverage.Methods 95% Confidence intervals for proportions of people aged 65 or above regarding influenza vaccination status were calculated yearly in order to detect the trends of vaccination coverage in Hungary before and after an 8-year period of the introduction of indicators system.Results Despite the financial motivational incentives provided to general practitioners to vaccinate their patients against influenza, the vaccination coverage is declining in recent years i.e. before the implementation: 36.01% (95% CI: 35.98 – 36.04); after the implementation: 28.03% (95% CI : 28.01 - 28.06).Conclusions According to our results, the implementation of indicators system and related financial incentives could not exploit the potential opportunities in the aspect of increasing the flu vaccination coverage among elderlies in Hungary. Therefore, increasing the flu vaccination coverage should be achieved, not only with free -of- charge vaccines and financial incentives, but also with other possible options such as raising the awareness among people and implementing an effective, follow up system.
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in humans
Authors: Ellebedy Ali , Turner Jackson , Kim Wooseob , Kalaidina Elizaveta , Goss Charles , Rauseo Adriana , Schmitz Aaron , Hansen Lena , Haile Alem , Klebert Michael , Pusic Iskra , O’Halloran Jane , Presti Rachel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Infection or vaccination induces a population of long-lived bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs) that are a persistent and essential source of protective antibodies1–5. Whether this population is induced in patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unknown. Recent reports have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients experience a rapid decay in their antigen-specific serum antibodies, raising concerns that humoral immunity against this virus may be short-lived6–8. Here we show that in patients who experienced mild infections (n=73), serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) antibodies indeed decline rapidly in the first 3 to 4 months after infection. However, this is followed by a more stable phase between 4- and 8-months after infection with a slower serum anti-S antibody decay rate. The level of serum antibodies correlated with the frequency of S-specific long-lived BMPCs obtained from 18 SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients 7 to 8 months after infection. S-specific BMPCs were not detected in aspirates from 11 healthy subjects with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Comparable frequencies of BMPCs specific to contemporary influenza virus antigens or tetanus and diphtheria vaccine antigens were present in aspirates in both groups. Circulating memory B cells (MBCs) directed against the S protein were detected in the SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients but not in uninfected controls, whereas both groups had MBCs against influenza virus hemagglutinin. Overall, we show that robust antigen specific long-lived BMPCs and MBCs are induced after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection of humans.
Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Survival Prognosis in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Ding Dongyan , Lang Tingyuan , Zou Dongling , Tan Jiawei , Chen Jia , Wang Dong , Li Rong , Li Yunzhe , Liu Jingshu , Ma Cui , Zhou Qi , Zhou Lei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: Accurately forecasting the prognosis could improve therapeutic management of cancer patients, however, the currently used clinical features are difficult to provide enought information. The purpose of this study is to develop a survival prediction model for cervical cancer patients with big data and machine learning algorithms. Results: The cancer genome atlas cervical cancer data, including the expression of 1046 microRNAs and the clinical information of 309 cervical and endocervical cancer and 3 control samples, were downloaded. Missing values and outliers imputation, samples normalization, log transformation and features scaling were performed for preprocessing and 3 control, 2 metastatic samples and 707 microRNAs with missing values ≥ 20% were excluded. By Cox Proportional-Hazards analysis, 55 prognosis-related microRNAs (20 positively and 35 negatively correlated with survival) were identified. K-means clustering analysis showed that the cervical cancer samples can be separated into two and three subgroups with top 20 identified survival-related microRNAs for best stratification. By Support Vector Machine algorithm, two prediction models were developed which can segment the patients into two and three groups with different survival rate, respectively. The models exhibite high performance : for two classes, Area under the curve = 0.976 (training set), 0.972 (test set), 0.974 (whole data set); for three classes, AUC = 0.983, 0.996 and 0.991 (group1, 2 and 3 in training set), 0.955, 0.989 and 0.991 (group 1, 2 and 3 in test set), 0.974, 0.993 and 0.991 (group 1, 2 and 3 in whole data set) .Conclusion: The survival prediction models for cervical cancer were developed. The patients with very low survival rate (≤ 40%) can be separated by the three classes prediction model first. The rest patients can be identified by the two classes prediction model as high survival rate (≈ 75%) and low survival rate (≈ 50%).
Location-Sharing Protocol for Privacy Protection in Mobile Online Social Networks
Authors: Ruan Ou , Zhang Lixiao , Zhang Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Location-based services are becoming more and more popular in mobile online so-cial networks(mOSNs) for smart cities, but users' privacy also has aroused wide concern, such as locations, friend sets and other private information. At present, many location sharing protocols in mOSNs have been proposed, but these pro-tocols are inecient and ignore some security risks. In this paper, we propose a new location sharing protocol, which solves these two issues by using symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption properly. We adopt the following methods to reduce the communication and computation costs: only setting up one loca-tion server; connecting social network server and location server directly instead of through celluar towers; avoiding broadcast encryption. We introduce dummy iden-tities to protect users' identity privacy, and prevent location server from inferring users' activity tracks by updating dummy identities in time. The details of security and performance analysis with the related protocols show that our protocol enjoys two advantages: (1) it's more ecient than the related protocols, which greatly re-duces the computation and communication costs; (2) it satises all security goals, however, most previous protocols only meet some security goals.
Mutations of the Histone Linker H1-4: An Expanded Cohort and Functional Characterization of Frameshift Mutant H1.4 in Neurons
Authors: Tremblay Martine W , Green Matthew V , Rosenfeld Jill A , Streff Haley , Craigen William , Bekheirnia Nasim , Tala Saeed Al , Tan Wendy D , West Anne E , Jiang Yong-hui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Rahman syndrome (RMNS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by mild to severe intellectual disability, hypotonia, anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, vision problems, brittle bones, and dysmorphic facies. De novo heterozygous mutations in H1-4 (HIST1H1E) encoding the linker histone H1.4 are found in patients with RMNS; however, the underlying mechanisms causing the pronounced neurological manifestations are not understood. The majority of reported mutations in H1-4 are small insertions or deletions that create a shared frameshift, resulting in an H1.4 protein that is both truncated and possessing an abnormal C-terminal tail.Methods: Seven Rahman syndrome subjects with C-terminal frameshift mutations as well as three patients with heterozygous null mutations in H1-4 were described in detail. Lymphoblastoid cells from these patients were used to identify transcriptional abnormalities in RMNS. Wildtype or mutant frameshifted human H1.4 protein was exogenously expressed in primary rat hippocampal neurons, and neuronal structure and function were assessed using immunohistochemistry and multi-electrode array recordings. Results: Individuals with heterozygous null variants in the H1-4 gene lack several key RMNS phenotypes, supporting the hypothesis that RMNS is due to a gain-of-function of the frameshift mutant H1.4 protein. In cultured rat hippocampal neurons, H1.4 was localized to the nucleus, though the frameshift mutant H1.4 had a distinct subnuclear distribution and enlarged nuclei. Overexpression of frameshift mutant H1.4 had minimal effects on dendritic morphology; however, it significantly reduced neuronal firing rate relative to neurons overexpressing wildtype human H1.4. Limitations: Given the small number of RMNS cases worldwide, the true breadth of phenotypes remains unknown. Though our data do not show robust differential expression of any genes, larger cohorts for clinical and molecular studies will be needed to gain reliable data.Conclusions: These data are the first to characterize the consequence of frameshift mutant H1.4 in neurons. These data provide new insights into the breadth of phenotypes and causes of neurological dysfunction in RMNS and highlight the need for future studies on the function of histone H1.4 in neurons.
Study on Population Dynamics, Occurrence Mechanism and Control Measures of Cultural Relics Pests in the Hall of Mental Cultivation of the Forbidden City
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Gu An , Wei Le 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Insect infestations seriously threaten the safety of organic cultural relics and ancient buildings. Every year, the Palace Museum spends a large amount of money and time on the prevention and control of cultural relics pests, but there is still no systematic and targeted method. The Hall of Mental Cultivation is a representative and important building in the Forbidden City. Through three years of pest investigation, the species, occurrence mechanism and development trend of the main pests were discovered. During the investigation, more than 10 species of insects were trapped. Pests of cultural relics included carpet beetle (Anthrenus picturatus hintoni Mroczkowski and Thylodrias contractus Motschulsky), silverfish (Ctenolepisma villosa), powder post beetle (Lyctus brunneus Stephens), booklice (Loposcelis bostrychophila), spider beetle (Ptinus japonicus Reitter and Gibbium aequinoctiale Boieldieu) and clothes moth (Tinea pellionella), among which the Anthrenus picturatus hintoni Mroczkowski was the primary pests. Abundant resources of organic cultural relics, suitable temperature, humidity and light environment, and the existence of cypress are favorable factor for the occurrence of pests. Analysis of these triggers is helpful for Integrated Pest Management. The period with the largest number of active pests in the Hall of Mental Cultivation is July and August. April, May are the rapid growth period, and the influence of the carpet beetles on the overall change trend is significant. Combined with the living habits of main insect pest——carpet beetles, the killing time of different killing means can be effectively grasped: fumigation should be in July and August when the maximum amount, while chemical spray should be combined with the flowering period of trees (March to May).
Protocol for Implementation of an Evidence Based Parentally Administered Intervention for Preterm Infants
Authors: White-Traut Rosemary C , Brandon Debra , Kavanaugh Karen , Gralton Karen , Pan Wei , Myers Evan R. , Andrews Bree , Msall Michael , Norr Kathleen F. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMulti-sensory behavioral interventions for preterm infants have the potential to accelerate feeding, growth, and optimize developmental trajectories and increase parents’ interactive engagement with their infants. However, few neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) provide evidence-based standardized early behavioral interventions as routine care. Lack of implementation is a major gap between research and clinical practice. H-HOPE, is a standardized behavioral intervention with an infant- directed component (Massage+) and a parent-directed component (four participatory guidance sessions that focus on preterm infants’ behaviors and appropriate responses). H-HOPE has well documented efficacy. The purpose of this implementation study is to establish H-HOPE as the standard of care in 5 NICUs. MethodsThe study employs a Type 3 Hybrid design to simultaneously examine the implementation process and effectiveness in five NICUs. To stagger implementation across the clinical sites, we use an incomplete stepped wedge design. The five participating NICUs were purposively selected to represent different acuity levels, number of beds, locations and populations served. Our implementation strategy integrates our experience conducting H-HOPE and a well-established implementation model, the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR identifies influences (facilitators and barriers) that affect successful implementation within five domains: intervention characteristics, outer setting (the hospital and external events and stakeholders), inner setting (NICU), implementers’ individual characteristics, and the implementation process. NICUs will use the CFIR process, which includes three phases: Planning and Engaging, Executing, and Reflecting and Evaluating. Because sustaining is a critical goal of implementation, we modify the CFIR implementation process by adding a final phase of Sustaining.DiscussionThis study builds on the CFIR, adding Sustaining H-HOPE to observe what happens when sites begin to maintain implementation without outside support, and extends its use to the NICU acute care setting. Our mixed methods analysis systematically identifies key facilitators and barriers of implementation success and effectiveness across the five domains of the CFIR. Long term benefits have not yet been studied but may include substantial health and developmental outcome for infants, more optimal parent-child relationships, reduced stress and costs for families, and substantial indirect societal benefits including reduced health care and special education costs.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT04555590, Registered on 8/19/2020
The Application of Knowledge Stylised Facts in West Africa Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU)
Authors: Amanzou Aubin Nogbou Andetchi , Zie Ballo , Flavien Troupa Sery Guy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa has one of the dynamic economies in the world. Unfortunately, the performance achieve has not led to a reduction of social issues. So, the government are making massive investment to overcome social issues. This massive public investment highlights the exogenous nature of the current economic growth. So, a change of the strategy in the economic management of sub-Saharan Africa is required. One solution remains the change of economic paradigm: the transition from exogenous economic with decreased return to endogenous economic with increased return. The theoretical explanation of such arguments are supported by New Growth Theory. However, the implementation of the new theory required compliance to a set of indicators known as stylized facts. In 2009, Romer and Jones have developed a list of stylized corresponding to the need of New Growth Theory. The stylized facts of the West African Economic and Monetary Union have been compared to the standard facts of Romer and Jones in order to apply the recommendations of New Growth Theory in this area. To reach that aim, the stylized facts have been described and analysed with econometric panel model. As result, we find that the description of the stylized facts in WAEMU fitted perfectly with that of Romer and Jones for the same period. Unfortunately, when using data, institution don’t work as expected by Romer and Jones (2010). This study strengthens the argument for the implementation of economic policy based on the valorisation of knowledge economic in WAEMU.
Molecular Mapping of a Novel Lesion Mimic Gene (lm4) Associated with Enhanced Resistance to Stripe Rust in Bread Wheat
Authors: Liu Rong , Lu Jing , Zheng Shigang , Du Mei , Zhang Chihong , Wang Mingxiu , Li Yunfang , Xing Jiayi , Wu Yu , Zhang Lei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Lesion mimics (LMs) are disease-like symptoms that occur randomly on plant green leaves in the absence of pathogens. A previous study showed that LMs are related to enhanced resistance to a broad spectrum of diverse pathogen races and programmed cell death (PCD). Stripe rust is a globally epidemic fungal disease that can substantially reduce the quality and yield of crops. The development of resistant cultivars is an economical and environmentally friendly way to enhance the adaptability and yield stability of crops instead of the use of fungicide applications. Results: In this study, a novel LM gene affording Pst resistance was identified and mapped with molecular markers developed for marker-assisted selection (MAS)-based wheat breeding. In this study, a novel LM gene named lm4, which is closely linked (8.06 cM) to SSR markers Xgwm210 and Xgwm455, was identified by using a Yanzhan 1/Neixiang 188 RIL population. The genetic distance of lm4 was then narrowed such that it was flanked by SSR markers with 0.51 cM and 0.77 cM intervals. Two SSR markers, lm4_01_cib and lm4_02_cib, were developed based on the content in the Chinese Spring genome database and wheat 660K SNP results; these markers can be used to conduct MAS of LMs in wheat. The results also showed that lm4 significantly improved the resistance of stripe rust in wheat. Conclusions: Therefore, lm4 is associated with stripe rust resistance, which may provide theoretical support for future crop disease-resistance breeding and for understanding the plant apoptosis mechanism.
Does the Natural Carcinogen Ptaquiloside Degrade Readily in Groundwater?
Authors: Wu Jane S. , Clauson-Kaas Frederik , Lindqvist Dan Nybro , Rasmussen Lars Holm , Strobel Bjarne W. , Hansen Hans Christian Bruun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Ptaquiloside (PTA) is a natural carcinogen found in bracken ferns. PTA is released from the plants via soil to surface and groundwaters from where humans can be exposed via drinking water. Primary degradation of PTA is due to hydrolysis with formation of pterosin B (PTB). Temperature and pH determine the rate of hydrolysis under pure experimental conditions. To assess the applicability of the experimental model to natural groundwaters, PTA degradation kinetics were examined in a range of natural groundwaters at environmentally relevant conditions.Results: PTA was quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. Over an 80-day study period, PTA half-lives ranged from 6.5 to 47 days (natural pH; 8.0oC). The fastest degradation was observed for the most alkaline groundwaters with pH of around 8. Rates of degradation was well predicted using an existing rate equation for hydrolysis. However, deviations from this model were found, especially at the extremes of the examined pH-range (4.7-8.2). The rate of conversion of PTA to PTB was close to unity around neutral pH. However, at slightly acidic conditions, formation of PTB could only count for 9% of the degraded PTA, indicating formation of other products.Conclusions: Degradation of PTA in groundwater is determined by pH and temperature, and PTA can prevail for months under slightly acid to neutral pH conditions. The existing laboratory-based model for PTA hydrolysis is generally applicable for groundwaters but needs further validation at high and low pH.
Establishment of Metabolic Syndrome Prediction Model for Occupational Population based on the Lasso Regression Algorithm
Authors: Xie Qiao-Ying , Wang Ming-Wei , Hu Zu-Ying , Chu Yan-Ming , Cao Cheng-Jian , Wang Min , Wang Cong , Kang Jing-Yu , Fu Xin-Yan , Zhang Xing-Wei , Feng Zhan-Hui , Li Jian-Bo , Cheng Yong-Ran 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) screening is important for the early detection of occupational population. This study aimed to screen out biomarkers related to MS and establish a risk assessment and prediction model for the routine physical examination of an occupational population.Methods: The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression algorithm of machine learning was used to screen biomarkers related to MS. Then, the accuracy of the logistic regression model was further verified based on the Lasso regression algorithm. Finally, the screened biomarkers were used to establish a logistic regression model and calculate the odds ratio (OR) of the corresponding biomarkers. Results: A total of 2844 occupational workers were included, and 10 biomarkers related to MS were screened. The area under the curve (AUC) value for non-Lasso and Lasso regression was 0.652 and 0.907, respectively. The established risk assessment model revealed that the main risk factors were basophil absolute count (OR: 3.38), platelet packed volume (OR: 2.63), leukocyte count (OR: 2.01), red blood cell count (OR: 1.99), and alanine aminotransferase level (OR: 1.53). Conclusion: The risk assessment model based on the Lasso regression algorithm helped identify Metabolic syndrome with high accuracy in physically examining an occupational population.