bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ordovician Proto–basin in South China and its Tectonic Implications: Evidence from the Detrital Zircon U–Pb Ages of the Ordovician in Central Hunan, China
Authors: ZHANG Jibiao , NI Jingbo , LIU Yanxue , ZHANG Heng , BU Ling 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCaledonian orogeny is another important tectonic event in South China Block after the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. With a view to constrain the tectonic evolution and proto–basin in South China, this paper reports the geochemical and zircon U‐Pb dating data of the Ordovician strata in central Hunan, South China. Geochemical features and paleocurrent directions suggest that the lower Ordovician deposited in a passive continental margin basin with a provenance of quartzose components and showing an affinity with the Yangtze Block. U‐Pb age data for 260 detrital zircons from upper Ordovician identify three major age populations as: 900–1200 Ma, 1400–1800 Ma and 2400–2700 Ma. The detrital zircon age spectrum as well as the paleocurrent directions suggest that upper Ordovician deposited in a foreland basin and showing a close affinity with the Cathaysia Block. It is also suggest that the lower Ordovician continuously accepted the mineral from the Yangtze Block, whereas the provenance of the upper Ordovician sedimentary basin changed from the Yangtze Block to the Cathaysia Block. This change implies a tectonic movement, which caused the transformation of the proto–basin in the Hunan area in SCB from passive continental margin basin to foreland basin probably took place during late Ordovician. This fact also demonstrate that the Caledonian orogeny in South China Block began no later than 453 Ma, and a new crustal evolution model is proposed.
Darwinian individuality of extrachromosomal genetic elements calls for population genetics tinkering
Authors: Garoña Ana , Dagan Tal 
Published: October 2020

SummaryPlasmids are extrachromosomal genetic elements commonly found in prokaryotic (and sometime eukaryotic) cells. Small plasmids are often considered cryptic and their effect on the host is elusive, while large plasmids may encode functions that are essential for the host lifestyle and attain a secondary chromosome status. Plasmids are thus an important source of raw material for microbial genome evolution outside the mainstream of bacterial chromosomes. The discovery of plasmid‐mediated antibiotic resistance led to extensive research on the contribution of plasmids to the environmental dimensions of antibiotic resistance and the evolution of plasmid‐host interactions following the acquisition of plasmids encoding for antibiotic resistance. Recent experimental studies revealed the importance of intracellular plasmid diversity for plasmid‐host interactions. Here we describe the evolutionary forces at play during plasmid evolution in a top‐down approach: this includes the effect of processes at the level of the host population and the consideration of plasmids as Darwinian individuals within the host cell.
Ratio between negative and positive lymph nodes is a novel prognostic indicator for patients with esophageal cancer: A Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database analysis
Authors: Xiao Wanyi , Liang Huagang , Zhang Hongdian , Jia Ran , Yang Yueyang , Wang Yang , Tang Peng , Yu Zhentao 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore whether the ratio between negative and positive lymph nodes (RNP) could predict the overall survival (OS) of esophageal cancer (EC) patients with lymph node metastasis following esophagectomy.MethodsWe utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to include the records of 2374 patients with lymph node metastases post‐surgery. All patients were randomly assigned into the training cohort (n = 1424) and validation cohort (n = 950). Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors. A novel RNP ‐based TRNPM staging system was proposed. The prognostic value of N, RNP, TNM and TRNPM staging system was evaluated using the linear trend χ2 test, likelihood ratio χ2 test, and Akaike information criterion (AIC) to determine the potential superiorities. We constructed nomograms to predict survival in both cohorts, and the calibration curves confirmed the predictive ability.ResultsUnivariate analyses showed that N and RNP stage significantly influenced the OS of patients. Multivariate analyses revealed that RNP was an independent prognostic predictor in both the training and validation cohorts. For the stratification analysis in the two cohorts, we found significant differences in the prognosis of patients in different RNP groups on the basis of the different N stages and the number of dissected lymph nodes. In addition, the lower AIC value of RNP stage and TRNPM staging system represented superior predictive accuracy for OS than the N stage and TNM staging system, respectively. Furthermore, the calibration curves for the probability of three‐ and five‐year survival showed good consistency between nomogram predictive abilities and actual observation.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that compared to the classical pathological lymph nodal staging system, the RNP stage showed superior predictive accuracy for OS and can serve as a more effective prognostic guidance for lymph node positive EC patients.
Quantifying effects of tracking data bias on species distribution models
Authors: O'Toole Malcolm , Queiroz Nuno , Humphries Nicolas E. , Sims David W. , Sequeira Ana M. M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Telemetry datasets are becoming increasingly large and covering a wider range of species using different technologies (GPS, Argos, light‐based geolocation). Together, such datasets hold tremendous potential to understand species' space use at broad spatial scale, through the development of species distribution or habitat suitability models (SDMs) to predict environmental dependencies of species across space and time. However, tracking datasets can be heavily biased and an assessment of how such biases affect SDM predictions, and therefore, our interpretation of animal distributions is lacking.

We generated simulated tracks based on predetermined environmental values for a random predator and a central place forager, and then sampled positions from those tracks based on a combination of five common biases in tracking datasets: (a) tagging location; (b) tracking device; (c) data gaps within tracks; (d) premature tag detachment (or failure) and (e) different processing methods. We then used 240 combinations of the resulting biased simulated datasets to develop binomial generalised linear (GLM) and additive (GAM) models to estimate habitat suitability in different environmental sets (cool deep, cool coastal, warm deep and warm coastal environments).

Our results show that tagging location and length of tracks have the largest effects in decreasing model performance, but that these biases can be overcome by adding a small percentage of additional, relatively less biased tracks to the dataset. In comparison, the effects from all other biases were almost negligible, including for low resolution tracking datasets for which sufficient tracks are available. We also highlight the need for a cautionary approach when using processing methods that can introduce other biases (e.g. interpolated locations). Similar trends were obtained for the random predator and the central place forager, but with relatively lower model performance for the latter.

We provide evidence that even non‐GPS tracking datasets can be readily used to improve the knowledge of large‐scale space use by species without the need for detailed processing and tracking reconstruction. This is especially relevant in the current context of rapid increase in data acquisition and the urgent need to address the large spatial scale ecological consequences of global change.
Universal Basic Income and Work in Catholic Social Thought
Authors: Ward Kate 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCatholic social thought (CST) has obvious resonance with universal basic income proposals, due to the tradition’s insistence on basic needs as human rights, comfort with government redistribution, and preference for programs that promote the agency of individuals and local communities, among other similarities. However, some CST scholars believe basic income challenges dearly held values of the tradition. This essay examines both views, concluding that basic income can comport with CST’s view of work, correctly understood.
Humane Capital: A Reexamination of Catholic Social Teachings in Light of the Shift to Human Capital
Authors: Beauchamp Andrew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman capital is the set of productive knowledge, skills, and traits that individuals possess. Productive knowledge and skills are typically learned through education and work experience. Character traits matter both for the application of knowledge and skills and for their acquisition in the first place. In the past 100 years—and with enormous social consequences—the economy has transitioned to human capital being the most important resource for individual and social outcomes. Societies responded by emphasizing schooling as the means to develop this resource. In recent decades, however, researchers have discovered that human capital acquisition depends on certain character skills best developed early in life before schooling starts, typically within families. Current research and policy are investigating which combination of early life schooling and improvement in family circumstances can best help people acquire the character skills, and then human capital, needed to flourish. These changes have important implications for the social teachings of the Catholic Church, including moral insights into the distribution of resources, emphasis on the active subject in human work, and the role of civil society in promoting ideas and institutions conducive to an ideal human ecology.
On the Priority of Labor Over Capital
Authors: Clark Charles M. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn his encyclical Laborem Exercens, John Paul II asserts the principle of the priority of labor over capital. The purpose of this article is to examine this principle. The conflict between labor and capital is often noted as an essential part of capitalism. There is a long tradition of assigning more significance to labor than to capital. In fact, the classical economists argued that labor determined the “value” of a good. To understand this conflict, we must first review what is capital and its role in capitalism. We will then look at John Paul II’s assertion of the principle of labor over capital, followed by a review of how economists have understood the relationship between labor and capital. Neoclassical economists dismiss labor and capital as classes, so they believe there is no conflict. We examine one neoclassical economist’s claim of a gap in the principle of the priority of labor over capital by not including finance capital in the analysis. We demonstrate that the Church’s teachings on usury answer the objections raised. We conclude with a review of the implications of the priority of labor over capital.
Karol Wojtyła’s Katolicka Etyka Społeczna as Precursor and Hermeneutic Key to Pope John Paul II’s Economic Teaching
Authors: Beyer Gerald J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe highly anticipated publication of Karol Wojtyła’s Katolicka etyka społeczna (KES) in 2018 provides a novel and important basis for understanding the economic thinking of Pope John Paul II. The text is comprised of Wojtyła’s extensive lecture notes from the 1950s on the topic of Catholic social teaching and spans almost 500 pages. KES illustrates the future pope’s deep concern for economic justice as a young priest and his ambivalence towards capitalism, which persisted throughout his papacy. Given the size of KES, this article selectively focuses on Wojtyła’s treatment of topics of continuing relevance: the right of the Church to pronounce on economic matters; private property and the “social mortgage” on it; inequality, the just distribution of resources, and the “option for the poor”; the moral assessment of capitalism and Marxism; the dignity of labor and workers’ rights; and the role of conflict in promoting the common good. I contend that KES is consonant with the later papal teaching of John Paul II on economic justice and that it provides a hermeneutic key to understanding it. Furthermore, I argue that the “radicalism” of Karol Wojtyła on matters of economic justice in KES coheres with papal social teaching from Pope Paul VI through that of Pope Francis.
Is there any association between symptoms and findings on imaging in pelvic floor defaecatory dysfunction? A prospective study
Authors: Hainsworth Alison J. , Solanki Deepa , Morris Samantha J. , Igbedioh Carlene , Schizas Alexis M. P. , Williams Andrew B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo compare features on imaging (integrated total pelvic floor ultrasound (transperineal, transvaginal) and defaecation proctography) with bowel, bladder and vaginal symptoms in pelvic floor defaecatory dysfunction.MethodA prospective observational case series of 216 symptomatic women who underwent symptom severity scoring (bowel, bladder and vaginal), integrated total pelvic floor ultrasound and defaecation proctography. Anatomical (rectocele, intussusception, enterocele, cystocele) and functional (co‐ordination, evacuation) features were examined.ResultsIrrespective of imaging modality, patients with a rectocele had higher International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire – Vaginal Symptoms (ICIQ‐VS) scores than patients without. On integrated total pelvic floor ultrasound, ICIQ‐VS quality of life scores were higher in those with a rectocele. There was a higher International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire – Bowel Symptoms (ICIQ‐BS) bowel pattern score in those with a rectocele, and a lower ICIQ‐BS bowel pattern and sexual impact score in those with intussusception. Poor co‐ordination was associated with increased ICIQ‐BS bowel control scores and obstructed defaecation symptom scores. On defaecation proctography, ICIQ‐VS symptom scores were lower in patients with poor co‐ordination.ConclusionPatients with a rectocele on either imaging modality may have qualitative vaginal symptoms on assessment. In patients with bowel symptoms but no vaginal symptoms, it is not possible to predict which anatomical abnormalities will be present on imaging.
ALK‐positive compound Spitz nevus with extensive perineural and intraneural neurotropism
Authors: Brown Ryanne A. , Wang Jennifer Y. , Raghavan Shyam S. , Zhang Jingjing , Wan Derrick C. , Born Donald , Koo Matthew , Hazard Florette K. , Novoa Roberto A. , Rieger Kerri E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHistorically recognized by their characteristic histopathologic features, Spitz neoplasms are now known to be molecularly defined by mutually exclusive recurrent abnormalities that cause activation of the MAPK pathway. Spitz neoplasms with ALK rearrangements frequently demonstrate polypoid growth with a plexiform arrangement of nested, fusiform melanocytes in intersecting fascicles. Although neurotropism has been described in indolent Spitz neoplasms, this feature is not frequently mentioned in publications on histopathologic assessment of this group of melanocytic tumors. Here, we present an unusual case of a 3‐year‐old female with an ALK‐positive compound Spitz nevus with extensive perineural and intraneural neurotropism occurring on the vermilion border of the lower lip.
Temporal shift between daily sperm movement and mating (sperm reflux) in the Asian comma butterfly, Polygonia c‐aureum
Authors: Hiroyoshi Satoshi , Mitsunaga Takayuki , Reddy Gadi V.P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTemporal changes in mating behavior and daily sperm movement were examined in adult males of the butterfly Polygonia c‐aureum L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), reared under L15:D9 photoperiod at 21 °C. In this butterfly, when extra sperm is present in the duplex (storage organ) at mating, sperm reflux occurs: extra sperm are moved from the duplex to the lower and middle portions of the vasa deferentia by peristaltic movement of the lower portion of the vasa deferentia. It is known in several moth species that daily sperm movement from the testis to the upper portion of the vasa deferentia and from the upper vasa deferentia to the duplex occurs in a circadian manner. If sperm reflux and daily sperm movement occur at the same time, it could create confusion, because these sperm movements are directed oppositely. In this study, we examined the temporal changes of sperm movement and mating behavior in P. c‐aureum in order to clarify whether the two sperm movements are separated in time. Our results showed that most matings occurred during the second half of the photophase, whereas daily eupyrene (nucleate) sperm movement from the upper to the middle portion of the vasa deferentia occurred immediately after light on (early photophase), indicating the presence of a time lag between mating and daily sperm movement. As sperm reflux occurs during mating, these two oppositely directed sperm movements could be performed without conflict.
Is the mechanism of action of antiseizure drugs a key element in the choice of treatment?
Authors: Guery Deborah , Rheims Sylvain 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAbout 25 antiseizure drugs are available for the treatment of patients with epilepsy. The choice of the most suited drug for a specific patient is primarily based on the results of the pivotal randomized clinical trials and on the patient’s characteristics and comorbidities. Whether or not the mechanism of action of the antiseizure drugs should be also taken into account to better predict the patient’s response to the treatment remains a matter of debate. Despite the apparent complexity and diversity of antiseizure drug mechanisms of action, the reality unfortunately remains that they are very close, in particular with regard to their relationship with the pathophysiology of epilepsy. With the only exception of the association between lamotrigine and sodium valproate, there are no clinical data that formally support a synergistic association between certain antiseizure drugs in terms of efficacy. However, anticipating risk of adverse events by limiting as far as possible the combination of drugs, which share the same mechanisms of action, is undoubtedly an important driver of daily therapeutic decisions.
Fatigue crack growth simulation of interacting multiple cracks in perforated plates with multiple holes using boundary cracklet method
Authors: Ahmed Talal , Yavuz Abdulkadir , Turkmen Halit S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, the recently developed boundary cracklet method (BCM) is used to model the fatigue crack propagation (FCP) in complex geometries in two‐dimensional domain. Several benchmark examples of FCP are analysed to show the effectiveness of BCM. Calculated stress intensity factors and crack paths show good agreement with reference studies. BCM is further used to simulate the multiple cracks interaction in a perforated plate with multiple holes having different cases of precracks emanating from edges of the plate and outer periphery of holes under fatigue loading. FCP is assumed to follow Paris–Erdogan law, and the maximum tangential stress criteria are used to predict the direction of propagation in each step. Moreover, to describe the computational efficiency of a numerical method in fatigue problems, a new parameter is introduced: Yavuz's fatigue computational efficiency factor (YCF), which is the number of computed million cycles per hour (CPU time).
Fine‐scale movements and interactions of platypuses, and the impact of an environmental flushing flow
Authors: Hawke Tahneal , Bino Gilad , Kingsford Richard T. , Iervasi Dion , Iervasi Kylie , Taylor Matthew D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The platypus is a cryptic mammal that inhabits freshwater streams and rivers of eastern Australia. Tracking the movements of wild platypuses has been notoriously difficult due to the animals' morphology and methodological limitations. Knowledge of fine‐scale movements and interactions among individuals remain particularly poorly understood, as do responses to changes in hydrology.

We tracked movements of 15 platypuses (six females, nine males) downstream of the Jindabyne Dam on the Snowy River, using externally attached acoustic transmitters (September–November 2017), to assess spatio‐temporal activity patterns among individuals and changes in movement and activity before and after an environmental flushing flow. As the study took place during the breeding season, we expected to observe overlap in area of activity among males and females, but not among males due to increased territoriality during these months. We also anticipated that a large flow event would impact their activity and foraging behaviour, possibly displacing platypuses downstream.

Overlaps in area of activity and temporal co‐occurrence within a pool varied among individuals, with two resident males exhibiting some spatial overlap of activity and varying temporal co‐occurrence, despite tracking during the breeding season. All six tracked females were captured in the same pool and appeared to be residents, possibly highlighting preferences for certain habitats during the breeding months.

We found no evidence that the movements of adult platypuses were affected by an environmental flushing flow, with no significant changes to area of activity, number of detections, or daily range of movements. However, foraging duration increased in the week after the flow, possibly associated with increased prey availability.

These findings suggest that territoriality between males during and after the breeding season may depend on platypus density and resource availability and that pools with high resource availability may support several breeding females.
Water cost savings from soil biochar amendment: A spatial analysis
Authors: Kroeger Jennifer E. , Pourhashem Ghasideh , Medlock Kenneth B. , Masiello Caroline A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile a large body of literature exists on the ability of biochar to retain water and nutrients, little research exists connecting these benefits to biochar qualities, water retention mechanisms, and optimal locations for agricultural use. More information is needed for biochar stakeholders to make informed decisions about where deployment should occur. Specifically, we need to know the biochar characteristics that drive changes in soil water properties, how these effects vary geographically, and what financial benefits farmers can expect in their specific region to identify where biochar can be deployed for optimal results. We conducted a meta‐analysis of the relationship between biochar properties, application rates and observed change in water holding capacity (WHC) as a function of soil texture. Then we mapped our results across US counties to determine where biochar application could yield the largest improvements in soil water properties and added an economic model designed to predict how biochar‐driven changes in soil WHC drive irrigation expenses. Limited data drove our focus to sandy soils, and among these locations, our results suggest that biochar application will be especially effective in the southeast, far north and northeast, and western United States. In a prototype application of our model we predict a 37% reduction in irrigated water use for an instrumented site in Nebraska. Our combined statistical and economic models will be useful for future field experiment proposals, farmers purchasing biochar, and decision makers working to incentivize agricultural advances.