bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral imaging as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between amalgam tattoos and other dark pigmented intraoral lesions
Authors: Laimer Johannes , Bruckmoser Emanuel , Helten Tom , Kofler Barbara , Zelger Bettina , Brunner Andrea , Zelger Bernhard , Huck Christian W. , Tappert Michelle , Rogge Derek , Schirmer Michael , Pallua Johannes D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe goal of this project is to identify any in‐depth benefits and drawbacks in the diagnosis of amalgam tattoos and other pigmented intraoral lesions using hyperspectral imagery collected from amalgam tattoos, benign, and malignant melanocytic neoplasms. Software solutions capable of classifying pigmented lesions of the skin already exist, but conventional red, green and blue images may be reaching an upper limit in their performance. Emerging technologies, such as hyperspectral imaging (HSI) utilize more than a hundred, continuous data channels, while also collecting data in the infrared. A total of 18 paraffin‐embedded human tissue specimens of dark pigmented intraoral lesions (including the lip) were analyzed using visible and near‐infrared (VIS–NIR) hyperspectral imagery obtained from HE‐stained histopathological slides. Transmittance data were collected between 450 and 900 nm using a snapshot camera mounted to a microscope with a halogen light source. VIS–NIR spectra collected from different specimens, such as melanocytic cells and other tissues (eg, epithelium), produced distinct and diagnostic spectra that were used to identify these materials in several regions of interest, making it possible to distinguish between intraoral amalgam tattoos (intramucosal metallic foreign bodies) and melanocytic lesions of the intraoral mucosa and the lip (each with P < .01 using the independent t test). HSI is presented as a diagnostic tool for the rapidly growing field of digital pathology. In this preliminary study, amalgam tattoos were reliably differentiated from melanocytic lesions of the oral cavity and the lip.
Cardiac injury is associated with inflammation in geriatric COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Yan Xu , Wang Shuang , Ma Piyong , Yang Bo , Si Daoyuan , Liu Guohui , Liu Long , Ding Mei , Yang Wen , Li Jiayu , Sun Huan , Yang Ping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundGeriatric patients with coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) are at high risk of developing cardiac injury. Identifying the factors that affect high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I may indicate the cause of cardiac injury in elderly patients, and this could hopefully assist in protecting heart function in this patient population.MethodsOne hundred and eighty inpatients who were admitted for COVID‐19 were screened. Patients older than 60 years were included in this study, and the clinical characteristics and laboratory results of the cohort were analyzed. The correlation between cardiac injury and clinical/laboratory variables was statistically analyzed, and further logistic regression was performed to determine how these variables influence cardiac injury in geriatric patients.ResultsAge (p < 0.001) significantly correlated with cardiac injury, whereas sex (p = 0.372) and coexisting diseases did not. Rising procalcitonin (p = 0.001), interleukin‐2 receptor (p < 0.001), interleukin 6 (p = 0.001), interleukin 10 (p < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor α (p = 0.001), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (p = 0.001), D‐dimer (p < 0.001), white blood cells (p < 0.001), neutrophils (p = 0.001), declining lymphocytes (p < 0.001), and natural killer cells (p = 0.005) were associated with cardiac injury and showed predictive ability in the multivariate logistic regression.ConclusionOur results suggest that age and inflammatory factors influence cardiac injury in elderly patients. Interfering with inflammation in this patient population may potentially confer cardiac protection.
A study of monocular near‐to‐eye display positions for a navigation task
Authors: Woldegiorgis Bereket Haile , Lin Chiuhsiang Joe , Nuraini Aisyah Iadha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWearable computers with near‐eye‐displays (NEDs) are expected to be fundamental components of the future smart systems, for which several companies are concurrently working. NEDs are designed and commercially available with different display locations; at the top, middle, or bottom of one of the eyes. It is not known how the location of displays and the nature of tasks would influence the comfort of users. In this study, the effects of display positions and the number of turns on visual discomfort of wearing NEDs during navigation tasks were evaluated. The experiment considered four display positions and three number of turns for 2D maze navigation tasks. The eye movement data were recorded by using a Tobii eye tracker, and then blink rates, eye movement velocities, saccades rates, and subjective ratings were analyzed. The results have shown that the blink rates, saccades rate, and eye movement velocities were sensitive to the positions of the displays, where the top‐right was marginally more comfortable display position. However, subjective ratings did not show significant differences. It is concluded that monocular NEDs can be used for shorter duration navigation tasks, with a reasonably acceptable level of visual comfort.
Fabrication of the Polymersomes with Unique and Even Nonequilibrium Morphologies
Authors: Dou Jinkang , Yang Ruiqi , Du Kun , Li Yanran , Huang Xiayun , Chen Daoyong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHerein, efficient fabrication of polymersomes that have unique and nonequilibrium morphologies is reported. Starting from preparing big polymeric vesicles sized around 2 µm with a flexible but crosslinkable structure, a controllable morphological transformation process from the vesicles via prolate vesicles and the pearl‐chain‐like structure, which are the two intermediate structures, to vesicle‐end‐capped tubes is conducted. Significantly, each of the intermediates is a regular polymersome and occupies a distinct phase space in the transformation process and thus can be separately processed and prepared. By crosslinking the structures, respectively, regular polymersomes with unique but stable morphologies are fabricated. Furthermore, the 1D polymersomes contain narrow necks. These narrow necks are sensitive to ultrasound vibration and broken by gentle ultrasound treatment to form regular open‐ended tubes and open‐ended vesicles, which are nonequilibrium but stable morphologies and difficult to prepare by existing methods.
Anatomy of the nerves to the teres minor and the long head of the triceps brachii for electromyography
Authors: Kim Mee‐Gang , Hong Eun Ah , Nam Yong Seok , Lee Jong In 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the branching pattern and topographic anatomy of the nerves to the teres minor (Tm) and the long head of the triceps brachii (LHT) in relation to reference lines extending between surface landmarks, to identify the innervation patterns of, and the optimal needle placement points within, the Tm and the LHT.MethodsThe anatomical courses of the nerves to the Tm and the LHT were investigated in 37 upper limbs of fresh‐frozen cadavers. Distances from the acromion to nerve penetration points, and crossing points of reference lines with the Tm and LHT were measured in 27 cadaveric upper limbs.ResultsThe Tm was innervated by the axillary nerve in all specimens in three patterns, and the LHT was innervated exclusively by the radial nerve. Our dissection and measurements indicate that the midpoint of the reference line from the acromion to the inferior angle of the scapula is the optimal needle insertion point for the Tm. The target point for the LHT appears to be the one‐third point of the reference line from the acromion to the medial epicondyle, or the two‐thirds point of the reference line from the acromion to the axillary fold.ConclusionsWe investigated the branching pattern of the nerves to the Tm and the LHT and propose optimal needle placement points for electromyography of the Tm and LHT.
Ionic Liquid‐Driven Formation of and Cation Exchange in Layered Sulfido Stannates – a CH2 Group Makes the Difference
Authors: Peters Bertram , Möbs Martin , Michel Nick , Tambornino Frank , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo types of layered sulfido stannates or a molecular cluster compound are obtained upon ionothermal treatment of the simple sulfido stannate salt K4[SnS4]
4H2O that is based on binary tetrahedral [SnS4]4− anions. The formation of the respective products, novel compounds (C4C1C1Im)2[Sn3S7] (1 a), (C4C1C2Im)2[Sn3S7] (1 b), and (C4C1C2Im)2[Sn4S9] (2) with layered anionic substructures, or the recently reported compound (C4C1C1Im)4+x[Sn10O4S16(SMe)4][An]x (A) comprising a molecular cluster anion, is controlled by both the choice of the ionic liquid cation and the reaction temperature. We report the scale‐up of the syntheses by a factor of 100 with regard to other reported ionothermal syntheses of related compounds, and a procedure of how to isolate them in phase‐pure form – both being rare observations in chalcogenido stannate chemistry in ionic liquids. Moreover, the synthesis of compound 1 a can be achieved by rapid cation exchange starting out from 1 b, which has not been reported for organic cations in any chalcogenido stannate salt to date.
Effect of nanoclay on the properties of rosin derivative cross‐linked green composite based on chicken feather fiber and modified vegetable oil
Authors: Gogoi Gitashree , Chowdhury Chayanika , Maji Tarun K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFully biodegradable composites based on waste chicken feather fiber (CF), functionalized epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), rosin derivative and various nanoclay percentages were prepared via compression molding. Rosin derivative was synthesized as a substitute of styrene/divinylbenzene. Nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the synthesized rosin derivatives structures. Delamination and distribution of silicate layers were studied by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyse compatibility among modified ESO and rosin. FTIR study revealed the interaction between resin, CF, rosin derivative, and nanoclay. The nanoclay loaded composites showed better mechanical properties than the nanoclay free composite. The thermal stability of nanoclay loaded composites were also found to be enhanced. Composites loaded with nanoclay (3 wt%) revealed the least chemical resistance, volumetric swelling and water vapor uptake capacity.
Microfluidic Synthesis of Semiconductor Materials: Toward Accelerated Materials Development in Flow
Authors: Campbell Zachary S. , Bateni Fazel , Volk Amanda A. , Abdel‐Latif Kameel , Abolhasani Milad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractControlled synthesis of semiconductor nano/microparticles has attracted substantial attention for use in numerous applications from photovoltaics to photocatalysis and bioimaging due to the breadth of available physicochemical and optoelectronic properties. Microfluidic material synthesis strategies have recently been demonstrated as an effective technique for rapid development, controlled synthesis, and continuous manufacturing of solution‐processed semiconductor nano/microparticles, due to enhanced parametric control enabling precise tuning of material properties, size, and morphologies. In this review, the basics of microfluidic material synthesis approaches complemented with recent advances in the flow fabrication of metal oxide, chalcogenide, and perovskite semiconductor particles are discussed. Furthermore, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven materials–space exploration and accelerated formulation optimization using modular microfluidic reactors are outlined. Finally, future directions for the fabrication of semiconducting materials in flow and the implementation of AI with automated microfluidic reactors for accelerated material discovery and development are presented.
Tailoring of Mechanical Properties of Highly Filled Nano‐Aluminized Propellants by Modifying Binder Polymer Microstructure
Authors: Sanyal Bedabrata , Chakravarthy Satyanarayanan R. , Venkata L. Ramesh Marri , Agnihotri Gaurav , Kumar Verma Deo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUse of nano sized aluminium powder in place of micron sized powder leads to increase in specific impulse of solid composite propellants. However, poor mechanical properties of nano‐aluminized propellants prevent their use in actual rocket motors. An attempt has been made here, to improve the mechanical properties by using different HTPB resins having different functionality type distribution. Adjustment of isocyanate to hydroxyl ratio, and ratio of the chain extender, Butane‐diol, to the cross‐linker, Tri‐Methylol‐Propane, had also been tried to investigate their effect on mechanical properties. Nano‐aluminium content in the propellant samples could be raised to the conventional level of 18 % by use of Iso Decyl Pelargonate as plasticizer in place of Dioctyl Adipate. This made the samples at par with the conventional micro‐aluminium propellants, and the experimental results comparable. The microstructural changes of HTPB significantly improved the tensile strength of the nano‐aluminium propellants to 0.65 MPa and break elongation to 17 % respectively. Recorded heat of combustion values are at 5990 J/g. These figures meet industrial tolerance and make the propellant acceptable for use while increasing its specific impulse beyond today's conventional levels. The technology established has potentials to increase nano‐aluminium content further, and augment ballistic properties of solid motors, upholding the required industrial restrictions of rheological and physico‐mechanical parameters.
qFit 3: Protein and ligand multiconformer modeling for X‐ray crystallographic and single‐particle cryo‐EM density maps
Authors: Riley Blake T. , Wankowicz Stephanie A. , de Oliveira Saulo H. P. , van Zundert Gydo C. P. , Hogan Daniel W. , Fraser James S. , Keedy Daniel A. , van den Bedem Henry 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNew X‐ray crystallography and cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) approaches yield vast amounts of structural data from dynamic proteins and their complexes. Modeling the full conformational ensemble can provide important biological insights, but identifying and modeling an internally consistent set of alternate conformations remains a formidable challenge. qFit efficiently automates this process by generating a parsimonious multiconformer model. We refactored qFit from a distributed application into software that runs efficiently on a small server, desktop, or laptop. We describe the new qFit 3 software and provide some examples. qFit 3 is open‐source under the MIT license, and is available at https://github.com/ExcitedStates/qfit-3.0.
Preparation of Ta3N5 Nanosheet by Nitridation of Monolayer Tantalum Oxide Nanosheet
Authors: Hsu Chu‐Wei , Awaya Keisuke , Tsushida Masayuki , Sato Tetsuya , Koinuma Michio , Ida Shintaro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo‐dimensional semiconducting materials have attracted attention as photocatalysts, electrode catalysts and electronic materials. However, preparation of metal nitride nanosheet is still a significant challenge. Here, we show a tantalum nitride (Ta3N5) nanosheet with a thickness of 1.5 nm prepared via tantalum oxide [TaO3]− nanosheet derived from layered rubisium tantalum oxide (RbTaO3). The monolayer tantalum oxide nanosheet was converted to Ta3N5 nanosheet with a [110] preferred orientation in the in‐plane direction during annealing under NH3 gas flow, and showed a photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution under visible light illumination (550 nm). The H2 evolution ratio of the ultrathin Ta3N5 nanosheet was much higher than that of bulk Ta3N5 prepared from Ta2O5 powder, indicating that nanosheet structure suppresses the recombination in the photocatalytic reaction.
Evolution of technical debt remediation in Python: A case study on the Apache Software Ecosystem
Authors: Tan Jie , Feitosa Daniel , Avgeriou Paris , Lungu Mircea 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the evolution of software ecosystems and the detection of technical debt received significant attention by researchers from both industry and academia. While a few studies that analyze various aspects of technical debt evolution already exist, to the best of our knowledge, there is no large‐scale study that focuses on the remediation of technical debt over time in Python projects—that is, one of the most popular programming languages at the moment. In this paper, we analyze the evolution of technical debt in 44 Python open‐source software projects belonging to the Apache Software Foundation. We focus on the type and amount of technical debt that is paid back. The study required the mining of over 60K commits, detailed code analysis on 3.7K system versions, and the analysis of almost 43K fixed issues. The findings show that most of the repayment effort goes into testing, documentation, complexity, and duplication removal. Moreover, more than half of the Python technical debt is short term being repaid in less than 2 months. In particular, the observations that a minority of rules account for the majority of issues fixed and spent effort suggest that addressing those kinds of debt in the future is important for research and practice.
A levels‐of‐approximation approach to seismic design or assessment of beam‐column joints in shear
Authors: Fardis Michael N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractModels are proposed for the shear strength of joints, for seismic design or assessment. At first Level‐of‐Approximation, the joint reinforcement and the column axial force are lumped in a single central Tie in the corresponding direction, whose ends are connected through concrete Struts to the two compressed corners of the joint. Concrete strength and Strut widths are independent of strains. At the second Level‐of‐Approximation, any reinforcement is smeared in the volume of the joint and compressive stresses are taken as uniform in a continuous compression field. Concrete strength is taken to decrease with load cycling and increasing transverse tensile strain. As this approach gives zero strength for unreinforced joints without column axial load, a minimum shear strength is added to that from the compression field model. Its magnitude and the reduction in the strength of the compression field with load cycling, as well as the Strut widths for the first Level‐of Approximation, are calibrated using a database of 277 interior and 389 exterior joints tested to shear failure.
Analysis of wind characteristics parameters with the application of lidar and mast
Authors: Sharma Pramod Kumar , Gautam Atul , Warudkar Vilas , Ahmed Siraj , Bhagoria J.L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDifferent probability distribution functions have been used to characterize wind resource parameters considering uncertainty in wind potential. However, the application of the best distributions functions is still the most challenging task. In the present work, a comparative statistical analysis of wind speed data, collected from mast and lidar for different distribution model using different numerical methods at different heights, has been performed. It also seeks to select the best alternative method among the maximum likelihood method, modified maximum likelihood method, and WAsP. The 2 years (2015 to 2017) met mast wind data, height ranging from 20 to 100 m, are used to perform wind statistical analysis. One‐month wind data are also monitored by lidar (20, 50, 80, 100, 120, 150, 180, 200, and 220 m). Based on the extrapolated met mast wind data at different heights using power law, log law, and Deaves and Harris model, the results were categorized in two ways. In the first part, results indicate that the R2 and root mean square error for wind speed and direction at different observed heights were equal to or higher than 0.95 and 0.1568, respectively, at Dhanuskhkodi, while in the second part, the Deaves and Harris model merely exhibits 2.12% bias, while it is 5.68% for the other extrapolating models in comparison with the power law and log law.
Serious Play: Inflecting the Multicultural Science Education Debate Through and for (Socratic) Dialogue
Authors: Higgins Marc 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to differentially revisit themulticultural science education debate, a central curricular location that acts as both a potential entry point and problematic gate-keeping device for Indigenous science to-come, by inflecting it with a potentially less oppositional mode of meaning-making: serious play. Within this debate, it is generally agreed upon that there is a clear moral imperative to respect students from diverse cultural backgrounds within the multicultural science education classroom. However, what constitutes respect and how it is enacted continues to be hotly debated due to differing considerations of “what counts” as science. This has produced two largely incommensurable positions around the inclusion of Indigenous ways-of-living-with-Nature (e.g., ethnoscience, Indigenous science): those who contest its status as scientific knowledge and those who champion it. However, as the process of debate enacted is commonly one of opposition, there is little room for meaning-made across positions. Above and beyond addressing the sources of knowledge that continue to uphold this serious debate, this chapter plays with/in the debate processes as a means of opening these foreclosed spaces in science education as both form and content lead to the excluding, differing, and deferring of Indigenous science to-come.
Tinkering with/in the Multicultural Science Education Debate: Towards Positing An(Other) Ontology
Authors: Higgins Marc 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to address the ways in which ontology, as an absent presence, is always already (re)shaping science education. Particularly, this chapter uses and troubles Cobern and Loving’s reminder that attention to ontology is uncommon within the multicultural science education debate. As they call for a (re)consideration of how epistemology aligns with ontology, concluding that knowing nature through WMS is universal and “common sense”, an ethic of deconstructive tinkering—using concepts, categories, and constructs that are uncommon to the context of science education to explore that which is common—is employed herein. Latching onto the binary co-constitution of common and uncommon, and moments in which they vacillate as a lever to (re)open spaces of science education to other meanings (e.g., Indigenous science to-come), Cobern and Loving’s criteria of ontological alignment is unsettled, (re)situating their claim of “common sense” towards (re)opening the logics of the multicultural science education debate.
Positing Cartesianism as an Ontology Within Science Education: Towards a More Response-Able Inheritance with Dr. Frédérique Apffel-Marglin
Authors: Higgins Marc 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to archeologically dig into the historicity and operationalization of science education’s ontological inheritance: Cartesianism. Attention is brought to how Cartesianism plays, has played, and will play an active role in the (fore)closure of response-ability. To undertake this work, I draw from a series of expert interviews with Dr. Frédérique Apffel-Marglin that unpack the historical, geographical, political, economic, and religious forces of the “birth of modernity” and reveal the ways in which this “common sense” went from being uncommon to common and continues to persist. In turn, these insights are read, through the multicultural science education debate in order to (re)open the space for responsiveness therein. In thinking with Apffel-Marglin, it is argued that the making common of Cartesianism not only (fore)closes the possible possibilities for responding to Indigenous science to-come, but also to account for and be accountable to the ontology of WMS and what it produces.