bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERANAN BIAYA DISTRIBUSI DAN BIAYA PERSONAL SELLING TERHADAP PENJUALAN PADA TOKO ERA KERAMIKA PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Salim Edy , Lie Darwin , Butarbutar Marisi , Julyanthry Julyanthry 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to examine and analyze 1. The Description of distribution costs, personal selling costs, and sales at Keramika Pematangsiantar Era Store. 2. The role of distribution cost and personal selling costs on sales the Pematangsiantar Era Keramika Store both simultaneously and partially.Based on the results of the analysis through the trend formlula for 1. Distribution cost, it can be interpreted that the distribution cost are interpreted that the distribution costs are positively proportional to sales, where when X is raised one unit is predicted to increase sales. The trend for 2. Personal selling costs, it means that the costs of personal selling is positively proportional to sales, where when X is raised one unit is predicted to increase sales. 3. Sales trend, it means that sales experience a monthly increase of 197.368,42. Based on the results of the analysis and evaluation of distribution cost and personal selling cost, it has a role in increasing sales at Keramika Pematangsiantar Era Store. Keyword: Distribution Cost, Personal Selling Cost, and Sales
PENGARUH KECERDASAN SPIRITUAL DAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Riesvi Aufiar , Lie Darwin , Efendi Efendi , Sherly Sherly 
Published: July 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : 1. Untuk mengetahui gambaran kecerdasan spiritual, kecerdasan emosional, dan kinerja pegawai pada Badan Narkotika Nasional Pematangsiantar. 2. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecerdasan spiritual dan kecerdasan emosional terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Badan Narkotika Nasional Pematangsiantar baik secara simultan maupun parsial. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut : 1. Kecerdasan spiritual, kecerdasan emosional dan kinerja pegawai sudah baik. 2. Kecerdasan spiritual dan kecerdasan emosional berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja pegawai. 3. Kecerdasan spiritual dan kecerdasan emosional memiliki hubungan yang kuat dan positif dengan kinerja pegawai. Kemudian baik tidaknya kinerja pegawai dapat dijelaskan oleh kecerdasan spiritual dan kecerdasan emosional. 4. Hasil uji hipotesis menyatakan H0 ditolak, artinya kecerdasan spiritual dan kecerdasan emosional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai baik secara simultan maupun parsial.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN UKURAN PERUSAHAN ANTARA PT TELKOMSEL TBK DAN PT XL AXIATA TBK
Authors: Nazar Ahlul , Huda Nurul 
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar perbedaan yang signifikan ukuran perusahaan antara PT Telkomsel Tbk dan PT XL Axiata Tbk. Penelitian komparatif, populasi penelitian ini adalah data laporan keuangan PT TERKOMSEL TBK selama 22 tahun dari tahun 1997-2018 dan PT XL AXIATA TBK yaitu selama 18 tahun dari tahun 1999-2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Sampel penelitian ini selama 5 tahun dari 2014-2018 terdaftar di bursa saham. Jenis data penelitian kuantitatif dengan sumber data sekunder. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji normalitas data dan independent sample t-test. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel Ukuran Perusahan pada PT Telkomsel Tbk dan PT XL Axiata Tbk. berdasarkan nilai Sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,010 sehingga nilai signifikan 0,000 > 0, 05, maka Ha ditolak dan H0 diterima yang menyatakan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara Ukuran Perusahaanpada PT Telkomsel Tbk dan PT XL Axiata Tbk.AbstractThis study aims to find out how big a significant difference in company size between PT Telkomsel Tbk and PT XL Axiata Tbk. Comparative research, the population of this study is the data of PT TERKOMSEL TBK's financial statements for 22 years from 1997-2018 and PT XL AXIATA TBK for 18 years from 1999-2018. The sampling technique in this study uses purposive sampling. This research sample for 5 years from 2014-2018 was listed on the stock exchange. Types of quantitative research data with secondary data sources. The data analysis technique uses normality test data and independent sample t-test. The analysis shows that the Company Size variable at PT Telkomsel Tbk and PT XL Axiata Tbk. based on the Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.010 so that a significant value of 0,000> 0, 05, Ha is rejected and H0 is accepted stating that there is no significant difference between Company Size at PT Telkomsel Tbk and PT XL Axiata Tbk.
LARVAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE WATER MITE PIONA NODATELLA TUZOVSKIJ, 2015 (ACARI: HYDRACHNIDIA, PIONIDAE)
Authors: Tuzovskij Petr V. 
Published: July 2020

This paper gves the first description of larva of of the water mite Piona nodatella Tuzovskij, 2015 (Acari: Hydrachnidia, Pionidae).
Signatures of Intermittency and Fine-scale Turbulence in the Very Local Interstellar Medium
Authors: Fraternale Federico , Pogorelov Nikolai V. , Burlaga Leonard F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study presents the first Voyager 1 (V1) observation of magnetic turbulence intermittency and fine-scale structures associated with the propagation of a shock wave in the outer heliosheath. The intermittent event starts on DOY 178 in 2014 upstream of the shock wave that overtook V1 on DOY 237 at 140 au from the Sun. The distribution of magnetic field increments follows the q-Gaussian distribution with the index q ≈ 1.57 for the maximum variance component. Evidence is provided of fine-scale structures well below the Coulomb collisional scale. They undergo a turbulent cascade at scales less than 10−3 au. Observed magnetohydrodynamic fluctuations show signatures of irregular filamentary structures, sawtooth-like waveforms of mixed compressible/transverse nature, which evolve into shocklets and current sheets. Observational data challenges the interpretation of the interstellar plasma in the outer heliosheath as a featureless medium at scales below the collisional mean free path of about 1 au. These results are of importance for better understanding of turbulent processes in the outer heliosheath, including magnetic reconnection, shock-turbulence interaction, Galactic cosmic-ray transport, plasma wave generation, and radio emission.
The Nearest Discovered Black Hole Is Likely Not in a Triple Configuration
Authors: Safarzadeh Mohammadtaher , Toonen Silvia , Loeb Abraham 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
HR 6819 was recently claimed to be a hierarchical triple system of a Be star in a wide orbit around an inner binary system of a black hole (BH) and a B III type star. We argue that this system is unlikely to be a hierarchical triple for three reasons. (i) Given that this system is discovered in a magnitude-limited Bright Star Catalog, the expected number of such systems in the Milky Way (MW) amounts to about 104, while the estimate for the MW budget for such systems is between 102 and 103 systems under generous assumptions. Such a large gap cannot be reconciled as it would otherwise likely overflow the MW budget for BHs. (ii) The dynamical stability of this system sets lower bounds on the orbital separation of the outer Be star, while it not being resolved by Gaia places an upper limit on its projected sky separation. We show that these two constraints would imply a narrow range for the outer orbit without resorting to geometrical fine-tuning. (iii) The triple system should have survived the stellar evolution prior to the formation of the BH in the inner binary. We perform numerical simulations starting with conservative initial conditions of this system and show that a small parameter space for BH progenitor star’s mass loss, BH natal kicks, and initial orbital separation can reproduce HR 6819. Therefore, we propose this system is a chance superposition of a Be star with a binary.
Detection of Periodicity in SiO Maser Intensity and Velocity Shift of the Symbiotic Star CH Cyg
Authors: Cho Se-Hyung , Yang Haneul , Yun Youngjoo , Yoon Dong-Hwan , Kim Jaeheon , Kim Dong-Jin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We performed simultaneous monitoring observations of H2O 616–523 and SiO v = 1, 2,

0, SiO v = 1,

1,

maser lines toward the symbiotic star CH Cyg from 2012 December to 2019 November using the Korean very long baseline interferometry Network single-dish telescope. SiO v = 1, 2,

and v = 1,

maser lines were detected for the first time. A periodicity of about 2.5 yr in the SiO maser intensity was found, showing its association with the pulsation of the M giant in CH Cyg. Only the SiO v = 2,

maser, without detections of the v = 1,

maser, was detected in 6 epochs out of 15 v = 2, J = 1–0 maser detected epochs. In addition, the SiO v = 1,

maser intensity was always stronger than that of the v = 1,

maser except for one epoch, providing a critical constraint on the different masing conditions by different transitions, according to changes of the CH Cyg symbiotic system. We also found the gradual redshifted peak velocities of the SiO masers had about a 2.5 yr periodicity corresponding to the period of peak intensities (redshifted up to about

with respect to the stellar velocity of the M giant). Two possible explanations can be suggested for the 2.5 yr period of the SiO maser intensity and velocity behaviors, although their actual causes remain uncertain.
Elemental Abundance Consequence of Adding Two Bulk Earths to the Solar Convection Zone
Authors: Cowley Charles R. , Bord Donald J. , Yüce Kutluay 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We calculate the abundance change if two bulk earths were added to the solar convection zone, which is assumed to be 5 × 1031 gm or 0.025 M
⊙. The resulting differential abundance plot resembles those found in stellar precision differential abundance studies.
Ramus : un état des lieux depuis 2000
Authors: Couzinet Dominique 
Published: July 2020

L’article propose un bref état des lieux des études consacrées à Pierre de La Ramée, dit Ramus (1515-1572) et au ramisme depuis 2000, date du dernier bilan établi par Peter Sharratt (1939-2014), à qui le colloque rend hommage. Il est suivi d’une bibliographie (2005-2018), partagée presque également entre les études portant sur Ramus et celles consacrées à sa réception et à la diffusion internationale du ramisme. Les trois champs de recherche identifiés par Sharratt entre 1987 et 2000 (le débat sur l’« humanisme » de Ramus, la définition du « ramisme » et la mise en évidence du contexte social et politique) ont confirmé leur fécondité, et l’on observe un renouvellement de la recherche sur les combats et controverses, et sur les rapport de Ramus avec les sciences, le droit et la politique.
L'INTERPRETAZIONE DEL MONDO ANTICO IN <em>DE L'ORIGINE DES LOIX, DES ARTS, ET DES SCIENCES; ET DE LEURS PROGRÈS CHEZ LES ANCIENS PEUPLES</em> (1758) DI ANTOINE-YVES GOGUET E LE FORME DELLA SUA RICEZIONE NEL SETTECENTO TEDESCO
Authors: Agazzi Elena 
Published: July 2020

This essay presents the ways in which a crucial transition has been made the object of erudite reasoning. This transition concerns the passage from a vision of universal history based on chronological and historical calculation, as attested in Francesco Bianchini’s (1662-1729) Istoria Universale (1697), aimed at confirming the historical truth of the Holy Scriptures and reconstructing the events of humankind in a global time and space, towards a historical-philosophical analysis, focused on the progress and decline of civilizations, on the basis of their discoveries in various fields of knowledge. Herder, who thought of himself as one of the greatest innovators of eighteenth-century historiography, especially due to his Ideen (1784-1791), reflected on how to overcome the missing link between the reconstruction of sacred history and the profane history of ancient civilizations as well as on how to highlight the cultural achievements of different peoples. In the late 1760s, he envisaged a solution simultaneously developed by historian Johann Christoph Gatterer, thus inaugurating a genealogical method designed for the study of the past. Just like Gatterer, Herder criticized the systematic setup of J.J. Winckelmann’s Geschichte der Kunst des Althertums (1764), taking – as argued here – Antoine-Yves Goguet’s De l’origine des loix, des arts, et des sciences; et de leurs progrès chez les anciens peuples (1758) as his model. Within a few years, Goguet’s work was translated across Europe. Winckelmann certainly knew this work, but did not explicitly mention it for reasons of methodological convenience, since Goguet considered – among other things – the role of the Greeks in the ancient world to be overestimated.
LA PRIMA AMBASCIATA ETIOPICA IN OCCIDENTE (1315 CA.) SVELATA DA UN CRONISTA MILANESE
Authors: Chiesa Paolo 
Published: July 2020

A passage from the unpublished Cronica universalis by the Milanese Dominican Galvano Fiamma (d. c. 1345) contains news about the expedition carried out in 1291 by two Genoese ships, which was intended to reach India by the Atlantic route. Until now, this expedition was known only from the Annales Ianuenses; according this text, the commanders of the expedition were the Vivaldi brothers, although in Galvano’s account the name of the admiral is Ubertus of Savignone. Galvano’s source is a lost libellus written by a Genoese priest, Giovanni da Carignano, who said he got information about the sailors’ fate from an embassy that came from Ethiopia around 1315: the ambassadors told that the Genoese had arrived in their land, but had given up returning home because of the difficulties of the journey. Galvano’s new witness anticipates by a century the first known contacts between Ethiopia and Western Europe in the middle ages.
Biodiesel production from Vitex doniana (black plum) seed oil via a two-step catalyzed transesterification
Authors: Ndukwe Gloria Ihuoma , Ndukwe Gloria Ihuoma , Ugboaja Anselem Tochukwu 
Published: July 2020

Increasing global energy demands have led to increased search for alternative sources of fuel. Due to its similarities with petroleum-based diesel, biodiesel arose as a potential replacement for diesel. In this study, biodiesel was produced from the seed oil of Vitex doniana (black plum) using a two-step catalyzed transesterification method. The biodiesel produced was also characterized. Physico-chemical analyses carried out on the produced biodiesel gave strong indication that it can serve as an alternative feedstock, having recorded a comparable flash point of 110 °C to American Society of Testing Materials and European Committee for Standardization standards; though kinematic viscosity measurements showed biodiesel products of relatively high viscosity which has the tendency to leave deposits on combustion. Spectroscopic analyses indicated successful transesterification with 95-98% biodiesel yield.

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(1), 75-82.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i1.7
The Effect of the Decline on Pottery in Ghana and Socio-Economic Implications on Potters
Authors: Nortey S. , Asiamoaso E. 
Published: July 2020

Demand for pottery in Ghana is declining according to empirical studies and this has socio-eco­nomic implications on the potters. The perpetuation of the potter’s trade is vital to maintaining and preserving humankind’s culture and livelihood. This paper used qualitative and quanti­tative approaches to discuss the effect of the decline in pottery and its socio-economic impli­cations on potters. The study sampled 500 practising potters from four centres in Ashanti and Bono regions of Ghana; Appiadu, Pankrono, Afari and Tanoso. Findings showed that there has been a decline on pottery in Ghana which inadvertently has socio-economic implications on the potters. The study established that there has been a decline in pottery activities. Analyses revealed that there is an appreciable socio-economic variance between potters who solely de­pended on pottery as opposed to others who combined it with other jobs. Location was a highly influential factor in determining the potters’ economic condition (p≤0.05). The effect of the declining demand on retention was highly significant in terms of potter’s willingness to quit or remain in the industry (p<0.05). The paper recommends teaching artists must intervene in developing the skills of these potters, a development of traditional in-depth design exploration through workshops.
Keywords: Pottery, socio-economic effect, pottery centres, potters, clay
Pub Interaction in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Bamgbose Ganiu Abisoye , Ajayi Temitope Michael 
Published: July 2020

Studies in the area of discourse analysis in Nigeria have explored so many aspects of human life. However, existing studies have glossed over the nature of discussions in pubs. Sourcing data from selected pubs in three southwestern states of Nigeria, this study investigates the nature of interactions in pubs, using register and common ground theoretical framework. Analysing a total of nine (9) excerpts, the study shows that women/ladies, football and politics are three common topics in the discourse in southwestern pubs. The means of conversing is always spoken and this makes for the spontaneous flow of the discussions. Discussions are usually casual despite the fact that affective involvement is usually high. The affective involvement is usually due to the passion people have for the topics identified. Power relation is usually equal and, in few cases where it is not, common ground’s coordinating devices like convention, precedence and manifest are utilised to sustain cordiality and avoid domination or intimidation. The study concludes that language use in pubs has its peculiarity and uniqueness and therefore deserves linguistic enquiry.
Validation and Use of Quality of life Impact of Refractive Correction Questionnaire in Spectacle Wearers in Malawi: A clinic-based study
Authors: Kaphle Dinesh 
Published: July 2020

Background To assess the psychometric properties of the QIRC questionnaire and use it as an outcome measure in spectacle wearers attending an eye clinic in Malawi. MethodsParticipants who had uncorrected distance visual acuity of below 6/18 and improved to 6/9 or better with spectacles on both eyes were included in the study. The participants self-administered the Chichewa version of the QIRC questionnaire that was translated and culturally adapted for Malawian settings. Psychometric evaluation of the QIRC responses was carried out using the WinSteps software (Version 3.92.1; Winsteps, Chicago, IL) by applying the Andrich rating scale model of the Rasch analysis.Results One hundred and forty-three participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 27.64 ± 2.91; age range; 16 to 39 years; male, 51.7%) completed the QIRC. The Chichewa QIRC had satisfactory psychometric properties (Ordered response categories, Person separation index, 1.93; Item separation index, 3.42; Targeting 0.70) including excellent Rasch-model fit statistics (Infit and Outfit MnSq < 1.30 for all items). The QIRC score was not significantly associated with sex, age, magnitude of refractive error, occupation and status of previous spectacle wear (p> 0.05 for all). The QIRC scores negatively correlated with uncorrected visual acuity (in logMAR) in the better eye (spearman’s rho=-0.34, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe translated and culturally adapted version of the QIRC Questionnaire had satisfactory psychometric properties to measure the refractive error-specific quality of life in Malawi. It performed well as an outcome measure of spectacle wear.
Key words: validation, quality of life, Rasch analysis, spectacles, Malawi
Microorganisms Associated with Post-Harvest Spoilage of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) in Makurdi, Central Nigeria
Authors: Aernan P T , Okoh T , Adejo O E 
Published: July 2020

Microorganisms associated with post-harvest spoilage of tomato fruits in Makurdi were evaluated. Random sampling techniques were used to pick 250 spoilt tomato fruits from North-bank, Wurukum, High level, Wadata and Modern markets. The bacteria isolated were Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtillis, Esherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus while isolated fungi included Aspergillusspp, Alternaria species, Rhizopusspp, Candida species and Fusarium species. The bacteria isolated, from the spoilt tomato fruits sampled from Wurukum market had the highest colony forming unit of 6.5 x 10 (CFU/ml) followed by the ones sampled from Wadata, High-level, North-bank and Modern markets having 5.8 x 10 6 (CFU/ml), 4.3 x 10 6 (CFU/ml), 4.3 x 10 6 (CFU/ml), and 2.8 x 10 6 (CFU/ml) respectively. The fungi isolated from the spoilt tomato fruits from Wadata market had the highest colony forming unit of 6.7 x 10 (CFU/ml) followed by the samples from Wurukum, North-bank, High-level and Modern markets with 5.2 x 10 (CFU/ml), 4.6 x 10 (CFU/ml), 4.4 x 10 (CFU/ml) and 4.2 x 10 (CFU/ml) respectively. Using the same sampling techniques pathogenicity test on fifty (50) healthy tomato fruits from the same markets confirmed that bacteria and fungi that were earlier identified on the spoilt tomato fruits were still responsible for the spoilage, showing that deterioration of tomato fruits in Makurdi markets is due to the activities of these bacteria and fungi pathogens. Proper sanitary measures should be taken to improve harvesting and handling of tomato fruits to reduce spoilage caused by these pathogens.
PELAKSANAAN PENDIDIKAN BUDI PEKERTI DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER SISWA DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA NEGERI I TEMBILAHAN HULU
Authors: Hasnawati Hasnawati  
Published: July 2020

Pendidikan budi pekerti adalah upaya untuk membentuk perilaku peserta didik yang tercermin dalam kata, perbuatan, sikap, pikiran, perasaan, kerja, dan hasil karya berdasarkan nilai, norma, dan moral luhur bangsa Indonesia melalui kegiatan bimbingan, pengajaran dan latihan.
Rumusan dalam penelitian ini adalah: bagaimana pelaksanaan pendidikan budi pekerti dan faktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan pendidikan budi pekerti dalam membentuk karakter siswa di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri I Tembilahan Hulu. Sedangkan yang menjadi tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: untuk mengetahui sejauhmana pelaksanaan pendidikan budi pekerti dan faktor apa yang mempenagruhi pelaksanaan pendidikan budi pekerti dalam membentuk karakter siswa di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri I Tembilahan Hulu. Adapun manfaat penelitian ini diantaranya adalah: untuk menambah dan meningkatkan wawasan dan pengalaman penulis, sebagai informasi bagi sekolah dalam penerapan pendidikan budi pekerti, sebagai informasi bahwa pelaksanaan pendidikan budi pekerti dalam membentuk karakter siswa perlu dilaksanakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri I Tembilahan Hulu yang berjumlah 4 orang, sedangkan yang menjadi objek adalah pelaksanaan pendidikan budi pekerti dalam membnetuk karakter di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri I Tembilahan Hulu. Kemudian yang menjadi populasi adalah guru Pendidikan Agama Islam yang berjumlah 4 orang di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri I Tembilahan Hulu. Dalam mengumpulkan data penulis menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya data yang telah terkumpul dianalisis dengan cara deskripsi kualitatif.
Setelah data terkumpul dan dilakukan penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa : dari hasil observasi, pelaksanaan pendidikan budi pekerti dalam membentuk karakter siswa di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri I Tembilahan Hulu mencapai persentase 80,11%, berada pada interval 81%-100% dan dikategorikan sangat baik. Aktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan pendidikan budi pekerti di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri I Tembilahan Hulu adalah faktor dari semua mata pelajaran yang menerapkan materi pendidikan budi pekerti, faktor dari stockholder atau lingkungan, dan dari kegiatan lingkungan sekolah dalam menerapkan pelaksanaan pendidikan pekerti.
Kata Kunci :Pendidikan Budi Pekerti, Karakter siswa