bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between an aerodynamically driven, wall-bound drop and a single groove
Authors: Seiler Patrick M. , Roisman Ilia V. , Tropea Cameron 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe interaction between an air-driven, wall-bound drop and a groove in the wall of a channel flow has been investigated experimentally using a high-speed video system. Three major outcomes of drop interaction with the groove are observed: (i) the drop passes over the groove, (ii) the drop is immediately fully captured in the groove or (iii) the drop is captured after first wetting the rear side of the groove. The mechanisms leading to these different outcomes are governed by the aerodynamic drag force, by inertial and gravity forces, and by the adhesion force associated with the substrate wettability. A threshold condition for drop capture is developed, based on the ratio of the typical time for drop passage over the groove to the time for the drop to be sucked into the groove. It has been shown that the probability for drop capture increases for higher Bond numbers.
Initiation mechanism and quantitative mass movement analysis of the 2019 Shuicheng catastrophic landslide
Authors: Zhou Jia-wen , Li Hai-bo , Lu Gong-da , Zhou Yue , Zhang Jie-yuan , Fan Gang 
Published: September 2020

The 2019 Shuicheng landslide was a typical landslide in that failure occurred in the slope deposits and there was a close correlation with the antecedent rainfall. The initiation mechanism was analysed using field investigations, laboratory tests and numerical simulations and the characteristics of mass movement were quantitatively assessed. The numerical results indicated that the infiltration of rainfall decreased the shear resistance of the slope and increased the pore water pressure and soil weight, resulting in a large deformation of the slope and a gradual deterioration in its stability. After saturation, as the pore water pressure coefficient (
r
u
) approached 0.3, the overall safety factor decreased to 1 and failure eventually occurred. Quantitative mass assessment showed that the unique terrain aggravated the erosion and entrainment effects and that the inclusion of loose material and water promoted the movement of the debris avalanche by changing it into a fluidized state, resulting in a much larger landslide volume with a long runout distance. As a result, the volume of the failed mass, which was calculated by an unmanned aerial vehicle and terrestrial laser scanning modelling techniques to be
c.
4.7 × 10
5
m
3
in the source area, almost quadrupled to >2.0 × 10
6
m
3
.
Fine-Grained Privacy Detection with Graph-Regularized Hierarchical Attentive Representation Learning
Authors: Chen Xiaolin , Song Xuemeng , Ren Ruiyang , Zhu Lei , Cheng Zhiyong , Nie Liqiang 
Published: September 2020

Due to the complex and dynamic environment of social media, user generated contents (UGCs) may inadvertently leak users’ personal aspects, such as the personal attributes, relationships and even the health condition, and thus place users at high privacy risks. Limited research efforts, thus far, have been dedicated to the privacy detection from users’ unstructured data (i.e., UGCs). Moreover, existing efforts mainly focus on applying conventional machine learning techniques directly to traditional hand-crafted privacy-oriented features, ignoring the powerful representing capability of the advanced neural networks. In light of this, in this article, we present a fine-grained privacy detection network (GrHA) equipped with graph-regularized hierarchical attentive representation learning. In particular, the proposed GrHA explores the semantic correlations among personal aspects with graph convolutional networks to enhance the regularization for the UGC representation learning, and, hence, fulfil effective fine-grained privacy detection. Extensive experiments on a real-world dataset demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model over state-of-the-art competitors in terms of eight standard metrics. As a byproduct, we have released the codes and involved parameters to facilitate the research community.
Palbociclib and Trastuzumab in HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer: Results from the Phase II SOLTI-1303 PATRICIA Trial
Authors: Ciruelos Eva , Villagrasa Patricia , Pascual Tomás , Oliveira Mafalda , Pernas Sonia , Paré Laia , Escrivá-de-Romaní Santiago , Manso Luis , Adamo Barbara , Martínez Eduardo , Cortés Javier , Vazquez Silvia , Perelló Antonia , Garau Isabel , Melé Mireia , Martínez Noelia , Montaño Alvaro , Bermejo Begoña , Morales Serafin , Echarri María J. , Vega Estela , González-Farré Blanca , Martínez Débora , Galván Patricia , Canes Jordi , Nuciforo Paolo , Gonzalez Xavier , Prat Aleix 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurpose:To assess palbociclib in combination with trastuzumab with or without endocrine therapy in patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer.Patients and Methods:PATRICIA is a prospective, open-label, multicenter phase II trial. Patients had received 2–4 prior lines of anti-HER2–based regimens. Treatment consisted of palbociclib 200 mg daily for 2 weeks and 1 week off plus trastuzumab. The study was based on a Simon two-stage design comprising three cohorts: estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (cohort A), ER-positive (cohort B1), and ER-positive with letrozole (cohort B2). ER-positive patients were randomized to cohorts B1 or B2. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival rate at 6 months (PFS6). Secondary objectives included safety and evaluation of the PAM50 intrinsic subtypes.Results:Seventy-one patients were recruited (n = 15 in cohort A and 28 in each cohort B). The PFS6 rate in cohorts A, B1, and B2 was 33.3% (5/15), 42.8% (12/28), and 46.4% (13/28), respectively. Regarding safety, grade 1–2 and 3–4 toxicities occurred in 97.7% and 84.4% of patients, respectively. The most common grade 3–4 toxicities were neutropenia (66.4%) and thrombocytopenia (11.3%). Regarding PAM50, 59 (83.1%) tumors were profiled. Luminal disease defined by PAM50 was found independently associated with longer PFS compared with non-luminal disease (10.6 vs. 4.2 months median PFS; adjusted hazard ratio = 0.40; P = 0.003).Conclusions:Palbociclib in combination with trastuzumab is safe and exhibits promising survival outcomes in trastuzumab pretreated ER-positive/HER2-positive advanced breast cancer with a PAM50 Luminal A or B subtype. The enrollment was stopped prematurely, and a new randomized cohort was opened in this population.
Association of Aspirin, Metformin, and Statin Use with Gastric Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Cho Mi Hee , Yoo Tae Gon , Jeong Su-Min , Shin Dong Wook 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Anticancer effects of aspirin, metformin, and statins against gastric cancer, one of the most common cancers in the world, have been reported. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate independent associations of aspirin, metformin, and statin use with gastric cancer incidence and mortality after adjustment for concomitant use of other drugs, using pooled cohort data extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance claim database. Follow-up started on January 1, 2004 and ended at the date of gastric cancer diagnosis, death, or December 31, 2013. Exposures to drugs were defined as cumulative duration of use for aspirin and cumulative defined daily dose for metformin and statin, and were entered as time-dependent variables in Cox analysis models to avoid immortal time bias. Use of aspirin for longer than 182.5 and 547.5 days during 2-year interval was associated with reduced risks of gastric cancer incidence and mortality, respectively. Patients with diabetes were at higher risk of gastric cancer incidence and mortality than nondiabetic people, regardless of metformin treatment. However, metformin use among patients with diabetes was associated with a reduction in gastric cancer mortality in a dose-response manner. Statin use was also associated with a reduction of gastric cancer mortality in the general population, but not with gastric cancer incidence. In conclusion, long-term use of aspirin was independently associated with reduced incidence and mortality of gastric cancer in the general population, but metformin or statin use was only associated with a reduction of gastric cancer mortality in patients with diabetes and in the general population, respectively.

Prevention Relevance:
Long-term use of aspirin was independently associated with reduced incidence and mortality of gastric cancer in the general population. Metformin or statin use, however, was only associated with a reduction of gastric cancer mortality in diabetic patients and in the general population in a dose-response manner, respectively.
Utilization Pattern of Computed Tomographic Colonography in the United States: Analysis of the U.S. National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Hong Young-Rock , Xie Zhigang , Turner Kea , Datta Santanu , Bishnoi Rohit , Shah Chintan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

CT colonography for colorectal cancer screening has been proved to be effective and cost-saving. CT colonography uses minimally invasive evaluation of colorectum and has better patient acceptance, which appears to be a promising screening modality to improve low colorectal cancer screening rate. This study investigated the utilization patterns of CT colonography and factors associated with its use among U.S. adult population. This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed the National Health Interview Survey 2015 and 2018. U.S. adults ages 45 or older without a history of colorectal cancer were included. Survey design-adjusted Wald F tests were used to compare the utilization of CT colonography during the study period. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of CT colonography among individual socioeconomic and health-related characteristics. The study sample included 34,768 individuals representing 129,430,319 U.S. adult population ages 45 or older. The overall utilization of CT colonography increased from 0.79% in 2015 to 1.33% in 2018 (P &lt; 0.001). 54.5% study participants reported being up-to-date on recommended colorectal cancer screening; of those, 1.8% used CT colonography. Compared with individuals ages 65+, those ages 45–49 years were 2.08 times (OR, 2.08, 95% confidence interval, 1.01–4.35) more likely to use CT colonography. Socioeconomically disadvantaged characteristics (e.g., racial/ethnic minority, low income, publicly funded insurance) were associated with a greater likelihood of CT colonography. This study demonstrated an increasing trend in utilization of CT colonography for colorectal cancer screening in U.S. adults. Younger individuals, racial/ethnic minorities, or those with lower income appear to have a higher CT colonography utilization.

Prevention Relevance:
Although computed tomographic (CT) colonography has been proved to be cost-effective and have better patient acceptance, its overall utilization for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is low (&lt;1.4%) among US adults aged 45+ in 2018. More efforts are needed to implement strategies to increase CT colonography for effective CRC prevention.
How Big Is Too Big?
Authors: Krebs Elizabeth D. , Beller Jared P. , Mehaffey J. Hunter , Teman Nicholas R. , Kennedy Jamie L. W. , Ailawadi Gorav , Yarboro Leora T. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
As the population becomes increasingly obese, so does the pool of potential organ donors. We sought to investigate the impact of donors with body mass index ≥40 (severe obesity) on heart transplant outcomes.

Methods:
Single-organ first-time adult heart transplants from 2003 to 2017 were evaluated from the United Network for Organ Sharing database and stratified by donor severe obesity status (body mass index ≥40). Demographics were compared, and univariate and risk-adjusted analyses evaluated the relationship between severe obesity and short-term outcomes and long-term mortality. Further analysis evaluated the prevalence of severe obesity within the pool of organ donation candidates.

Results:

A total of 26 532 transplants were evaluated, of which 939 (3.5%) had donors with body mass index ≥40, with prevalence increasing over time (2.2% in 2003, 5.3% in 2017). Severely obese donors more likely had diabetes mellitus (10.4% versus 3.1%,
P
<0.01) and hypertension (33.3% versus 14.8%,
P
<0.01), and 67.4% were size mismatched (donor weight >130% of recipient). Short-term outcomes were similar, including 1-year survival (10.6% versus 10.7%), with no significant difference in unadjusted and risk-adjusted long-term survival (log-rank
P
=0.67, hazard ratio, 0.928,
P
=0.30). Organ donation candidates also exhibited an increase in severe obesity over time, from 3.5% to 6.8%, with a lower proportion of hearts from severely obese donors being transplanted (19.5% versus 31.6%,
P
<0.01).

Conclusions:
Donor severe obesity was not associated with adverse post-transplant outcomes. Increased evaluation of hearts from obese donors, even those with body mass index ≥40, has the potential to expand the critically low donor pool.
Intraarterial Versus Intravenous Tirofiban as an Adjunct to Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yang Jianhong , Wu Yuefei , Gao Xiang , Bivard Andrew , Levi Christopher R. , Parsons Mark W. , Lin Longting , Spratt Neil , Garcia Esperon Carlos , Miteff Ferdinand , Choi Philip M.C. , Kleining Timothy , O’Brien Billy , Butcher Kenneth , Dong Qiang , Cheng Xin , Lou Min , Yin Congguo , Wang Peng , Geng Yu , Zhang Xu , Yang Xuezhi , Qiu Weiwen , Fang Qi , Sui Yi , Chen Wenhuo , Li Gang 
Published: September 2020

Background and Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate the treatment effect of intraarterial versus intravenous tirofiban during endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke.

Methods:
This study retrospectively examined 503 patients with acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion who received endovascular thrombectomy within 24 hours of stroke onset. Patients were divided into 3 groups: no tirofiban (n=354), intraarterial tirofiban (n=79), and intravenous tirofiban (n=70). The 3 groups were compared in terms of recanalization rate, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, in-hospital death rate, 3-month death, and 3-month outcomes measured by modified Rankin Scale score (good clinical outcome of 0–2, poor outcome of 5–6). The comparison was statistically assessed by propensity score matching, followed by Freidman rank-sum test and pairwise Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction.

Results:

The propensity score matching resulted in 92 matched triplets. Compared with the no-tirofiban group, the intravenous tirofiban group showed significantly increased recanalization (96.7% versus 64.1%,
P
<0.001), an increased rate of 3-month good outcome (69.5% versus 51.2%,
P
=0.034), and a lower rate of 3-month poor outcome (12.2% versus 41.4%,
P
<0.001). There was no significant difference between the tirofiban intravenous and no-tirofiban groups in terms of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (2.2% versus 0%,
P
=1.000). However, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was significantly increased in the intraarterial-tirofiban group compared with the no-tirofiban group (19.1% versus 0%,
P
<0.001), with an increased rate of in-hospital death (23.6% versus 0%
P
<0.001), and increased rate of 3-month death (26.8% versus 11.1%,
P
=0.021). The intraarterial-tirofiban and no-tirofiban group showed no significant difference in recanalization rate (66.3% versus 64.1%,
P
=1.000).

Conclusions:
As an adjunct to endovascular thrombectomy, intravenous tirofiban is associated with high recanalization rate and good outcome, whereas intraarterial tirofiban is associated with high hemorrhagic rate and death rate.
The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer: Contributing to Earth Observations for over 40 Years
Authors: Kalluri S. , Cao C. , Heidinger A. , Ignatov A. , Key J. , Smith T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR), which have been flying on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) polar-orbiting weather satellites since 1978, provide the longest global record of Earth observations from a visible–infrared imager. Experience gained through AVHRRs has been integral to the development of the new-generation sensors such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), and associated data processing algorithms in the United States, as well as a similar class of sensor by space agencies around the world. Over four decades of data have been vital for studying Earth and its change. TheMetOp-Csatellite that was successfully launched in 2018 carries the last AVHRR. This article reviews the contributions of AVHRR in building a continuous global data record over the last 40 years on the occasion of its last launch.
The Interannual Variability of the Tropical Divergence Tilt and Its Connection with the Extratropical Circulation
Authors: Zurita-Gotor Pablo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrevious theoretical work has suggested that the strength of the divergent eddy momentum flux in the deep tropics, due to correlations between rotational zonal velocities and divergent meridional velocities, increases with the meridional tilt of the large-scale divergence field. To test that idea, this work investigates the interannual variability of the divergent eddy momentum flux in reanalysis data. Consistent with the theory, it is found that the eddy momentum flux variability is driven by two main parameters: the amplitude of the tropical stationary wave and the tilt of the divergence field. Together, these two parameters account for 80% (90%) of the interannual eddy momentum flux variance during boreal (austral) winter. The interannual variability of these parameters is governed by the internal atmospheric dynamics. During boreal winter, interannual changes in MJO variability explain nearly half of the interannual variance in the stationary wave amplitude, depending on whether on average MJO anomalies interfere constructively or destructively with the stationary wave. The interannual variability of the divergence phase tilt is modulated by tropical–extratropical interactions in the Pacific. The tilt increases during the negative phase of the west Pacific Oscillation associated with a dipole of upper-level divergence (convergence) on the northern (southern) side of the Pacific jet exit region.
The Poisson Link between Internal Wave and Dissipation Scales in the Thermocline. Part I: Probability Density Functions and the Poisson Modeling of Vertical Strain
Authors: Pinkel Robert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe irregular nature of vertical density profiles is a ubiquitous characteristic of the ocean thermocline. This distortion can be quantified by tracking a set of constant-density (isopycnal) surfaces over time. Examination of 30 000 km of vertical density profile data from seven Pacific Ocean sites indicates that the statistics of isopycnal vertical separation follow the gamma probability distribution, the continuous representation of a Poisson process. All aspects of this process are specified by a single parameter κ0, of order 0.5–2 m−1 across the Pacific. When vertical wavenumber spectra of vertical strain are nondimensionalized by κ0, the variability in these pan-Pacific spectra reduce from a factor of 20 to a factor of 2. Given that numerous dimensionless metrics such as the Richardson number, Froude number, Burger number, etc., are required to specify dynamical balances in the sea, it is intriguing that a single-parameter model describes all aspects of the statistics of vertical strain over the range of scales ~2–200 m. While both internal wave and vortical motions are present in the data, the waves dominate the strain signal at these sites. The high-wavenumber cutoff in the strain spectrum is set by the nonsinusoidal waveform of short-vertical-scale internal waves. As large-scale numerical models improve in resolution, they should replicate this Poisson structure in order to properly model plankton variability, vertical diffusion, horizontal dispersion, sound propagation, and other fine-scale phenomena.
The Poisson Link between Internal Wave and Dissipation Scales in the Thermocline. Part II: Internal Waves, Overturns, and the Energy Cascade
Authors: Pinkel Robert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe irregular nature of vertical profiles of density in the thermocline appears well described by a Poisson process over vertical scales 2–200 m. To what extent does this view of the thermocline conflict with established models of the internal wavefield? Can a one-parameter Poisson subrange be inserted between the larger-scale wavefield and the microscale field of intermittent turbulent dissipation, both of which require many parameters for their specification? It is seen that a small modification to the Poisson vertical correlation function converts it to the corresponding correlation function of the Garrett–Munk (GM) internal wave spectral model. The linear scaling relations and vertical wavenumber dependencies of the GM model are maintained provided the Poisson constant κ0 is equated with the ratio of twice the displacement variance to the vertical correlation scale of the wavefield. Awareness of this Poisson wavefield relation enables higher-order strain statistics to be determined directly from the strain spectrum. Using observations from across the Pacific Ocean, the average Thorpe scale of individual overturning events is found to be nearly equal to the inverse of κ0, the metric of background thermocline distortion. If the fractional occurrence of overturning ϕ is introduced as an additional parameter, a Poisson version of the Gregg–Henyey relationship can be derived. The Poisson constant, buoyancy frequency, and ϕ combine to create a complete parameterization of energy transfer from internal wave scales through the Poisson subrange to dissipation. An awareness of the underlying Poisson structure of the thermocline will hopefully facilitate further improvement in both internal wave spectral models and ocean mixing parameterizations.
Seasonal Forecast Skill of ENSO Teleconnection Maps
Authors: Lenssen Nathan J. L. , Goddard Lisa , Mason Simon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEl Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant source of seasonal climate predictability. This study quantifies the historical impact of ENSO on seasonal precipitation through an update of the global ENSO teleconnection maps of Mason and Goddard. Many additional teleconnections are detected due to better handling of missing values and 20 years of additional, higher quality data. These global teleconnection maps are used as deterministic and probabilistic empirical seasonal forecasts in a verification study. The probabilistic empirical forecast model outperforms climatology in the tropics demonstrating the value of a forecast derived from the expected precipitation anomalies given the ENSO phase. Incorporating uncertainty due to SST prediction shows that teleconnection maps are skillful in predicting tropical precipitation up to a lead time of 4 months. The historical IRI seasonal forecasts generally outperform the empirical forecasts made with the teleconnection maps, demonstrating the additional value of state-of-the-art dynamical-based seasonal forecast systems. Additionally, the probabilistic empirical seasonal forecasts are proposed as reference forecasts for future skill assessments of real-time seasonal forecast systems.