bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Lesinurad and allopurinol on experimental Hyperuricemia in mice: biochemical, molecular and Immunohistochemical study
Authors: Alghamdi Youssef Saeed , Soliman Mohamed Mohamed , Nassan Mohamed Abdo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHyperuricemia is an abnormal increase in uric acid levels in the blood. It is the cause of gout that manifested by inflammatory arthritis and painful disable. Therefore, current study evaluated the potential ameliorative impact of Lesinurad and Allopurinol on the kidneys of hyperuricemic mice at the biochemical, molecular and cellular levels.MethodsLesinurad and allopurinol alone or in combination were orally administered to hyperuricemic and control mice for seven consecutive days. Levels of uric acid and blood urea nitrogen, along with antioxidants and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) were measured in the serum. The mRNA expression of mouse urate anion transporter-1, glucose transporter 9, organic anion transporters, in renal tissues were examined using quantitative real time PCR. Simultaneously, the immunoreactivity of transforming growth factor-beta 1 was examined immunohistochemically.ResultsLesinurad and allopurinol administration resulted in significant decrease in serum levels of uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, xanthine oxidase activity, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) reported in hyperuricemic mice. Both partially reversed oxonate-induced alterations in renal mURAT-1, mGLUT-9, mOAT-1 and mOAT-3 expressions, as well as alterations in the immunoreactivity of TGF- β1, resulting in the increase of renal uric acid secretion and excretion. The combined administration of lesinurad and ALP restored all altered parameters in a synergistic manner, improving renal function in the hyperuricemic mouse model employed.ConclusionThis study confirmed synergistic ameliorative hypouricemic impact of both lesinurad and allopurinol in the treatment of hyperuricemia in mice at the biochemical, molecular and cellular levels.
The use and effectiveness of colorful, contextualized, student-made material for elementary mathematics instruction
Authors: Kaminski Jennifer A. , Sloutsky Vladimir M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
There is anecdotal evidence that many elementary teachers integrate mathematics lessons and art activities by having students first make colorful, rich material that is subsequently used in an instructional activity. However, it is unclear whether such activities effectively promote learning and transfer of mathematical concepts. The goal of the present research was to examine the use and effectiveness of such “math-and-art” activities on children’s ability to acquire basic fraction knowledge. We report the results of a survey of practicing elementary school teachers in the United States, their use of activities involving physical material, and the resources they use for ideas to supplement the standard curriculum. Two experiments examined first-grade students’ learning, transfer, and recognition of fraction knowledge from rich, contextualized material versus simple, generic material.

Results
The survey results confirm that many U.S. teachers use math-and-art activities and are often inspired by informal sources, such as Pinterest and YouTube. Experiment 1 examined the effectiveness of colorful, contextualized student-constructed material (paper pizzas) versus simple, pre-made material (monochromatic paper circles) in an instructional activity on fractions. Students who used the pre-made circles scored higher than those who used the student-made pizzas on pre-instruction tests of basic fraction knowledge, immediate tests of learning, and delayed tests of transfer. Experiment 2 tested students’ ability to spontaneously write fractions to describe proportions of pizzas and circles. Students who answered generic circle questions first were markedly more accurate than those who answered pizza questions first.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that rich, contextualized representations, including those made by the student, can hinder students’ learning and transfer of mathematical concepts. We are not suggesting that teachers never integrate mathematics and colorful, contextualized material, and activities. We do suggest that elementary students’ mathematics learning can benefit when initial instruction involves simple, generic, pre-made material and opportunities for students to make and use colorful, contextualized representations come later.
Exploring critical components of an integrated STEM curriculum: an application of the innovation implementation framework
Authors: Gale Jessica , Alemdar Meltem , Lingle Jeremy , Newton Sunni 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncreased emphasis on accountability in education reform and evidence-based practices underscores the need for research on the implementation of K-12 curricular innovations. However, detailed accounts of research examining fidelity of implementation for K-12 STEM curricula remain relatively scarce. This paper illustrates the application of one frequently cited framework for exploring fidelity of implementation, the innovation implementation framework. The paper describes how this framework was applied to identify and describe the implementation of critical components of a newly developed middle school STEM curriculum.ResultsDrawing on classroom observations, student interviews, and teacher interviews, the paper provides illustrative findings and practical examples of methodology and instruments employed over the course of a 2-year study of curriculum implementation. The paper discusses three ways in which the innovation implementation framework enhanced our understanding of curriculum implementation: specifying critical components of the curriculum and their enactment, informing instrument design and data collection, and revealing implementation patterns.ConclusionsThis paper provides support for the use of the innovation implementation framework to study the implementation of curricula developed within the context of research-practice partnerships. In addition to illustrating the application of the innovation implementation framework, the paper extends previous implementation work focused on efficacy and effectiveness studies to demonstrate the practical advantages of studying fidelity of implementation in the context of design and development projects.
Editorial: “Mediterranean thinking” for mapping a Mediterranean migration research agenda
Authors: Zapata-Barrero Ricard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Mediterranean is paradoxically, rarely considered a category of analysis in most Mediterranean migration research. If it were to be taken as a geographical, regional and geo-political area, it could provide migration studies a particular framework of comparison, a much needed structure for the dispersed research currently being carried out. After drawing the main contours of “Mediterranean thinking” in migration studies and defending a postcolonial account against Eurocentric views, I review the main theoretical frameworks for formulating such criticisms. Additionally, I propose how in the coming years we may be able to further develop this Med-Thinking in migration studies. A base from which a Mediterranean migration research agenda could be built with “multiple voices” contributing to Mediterranean regional building. Finally, I place this excursus as main background of the different contributions of this Special Issue.
Intra-arterial lidocaine administration during uterine fibroid embolization to reduce the immediate postoperative pain: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Duvnjak Stevo , Andersen Poul Erik 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
To investigate if intra-arterial lidocaine administrated immediately after the embolisation endpoint reduces the pain.

Methods
Forty patients were randomised and 36 completed the study for purposes of analysis. In one group, the patients got 1% 10 ml lidocaine (100 mg) administered into each uterine artery immediately after embolisation with microspheres. The other group was embolised without supplementary lidocaine. The patients scored their pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS) 2 h, 4 h, 7 h, 10 h and 24 h after embolisation, and the total amount of used morphine was noted. Three-month follow-up MRI control was scheduled for all the patients to investigate the infarction rate.

Results
Embolisation was performed without any complications and with embolisation of both uterine arteries in all cases. Intra-arterial lidocaine was administered in all 20 patients without complications, and 20 patients in a control group did not receive lidocaine intra-arterial. VAS schemes showed a significant reduction in pain experience 2 h after UFE where mean pain score in the lidocaine group was 42.7 ± 21.4 compared with the control group in which the mean pain score was 61.1 ± 20.4 (p < 0.02). There was no significant difference in pain score 4 h, 7 h, 10 h and 24 h after UFE. In the lidocaine group, the mean amount of used morphine was significantly less with 11.2 mg compared with 20.2 mg in the control group (p < 0.03). Three months of MR follow-up control showed no significant difference in the grade of fibroid infarction.

Conclusion
Intra-arterial Lidocaine administration after embolisation is safe and effective in reducing post-procedural pain in the early hours and opioid usage in the first 24 h following UAE.
Microscopic analysis of metal matrix composites containing carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Kim Daeyoung , Chang Hye Jung , Choi Hyunjoo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetallic matrix composites reinforced with carbon nanomaterials continue to attract interest because of their excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. However, two critical issues have limited their commercialization. Uniform distribution of carbon nanomaterials in metallic matrices is difficult, and the interfaces between the nanomaterials and matrices are weak. Microscope-based analysis was recently used to quantitatively examine these microstructural features and investigate their contributions to the composites’ mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. The impacts of the microstructure on these properties are discussed in the first section of this review. In the second section, the various microscopic techniques used to study the distribution of carbon nanomaterials in metallic matrices and their interfaces are described.
Characterizing subseismic faults from SK-2 drilling core (2900–4200 m): Implication for reservoir transmissibility and regional tectonic evolution
Authors: Liang Shujun , Gan Wei , Wang Chengshan 
Published: February 2020

Undiscernible faults on seismic reflection profiles are referred to as subseismic faults. Although most subseismic faults are undetected, they play a significant role in understanding regional tectonic evolution and can influence the flow of oil and gas. The Songliao Basin in northeast China is a typical Meso-Cenozoic continental petroliferous basin characterized by stable sedimentation, rift-depression dual structure, and large-scale oil and gas production. However, the characteristics of subseismic faults and their effect on petroleum resources remain not well understood. We have examined findings from the SK-2 east borehole located in the Songliao Basin, which is the deepest (7018 m deep below the ground surface) continental scientific drilling borehole in East Asia. We identified 46 subseismic faults at 2900–4200 m depths based on the observations of core-scanning images, macro- and microstructures, and well-logging data. Macro- and microstructural analyses indicate that most of the subseismic faults in the borehole indicate normal slip. These observations suggest that these subseismic faults may form in response to regional extension in the Shahezi (K1sh) period. The cross-cutting relationships among several groups of sheared fault planes or elongated veins filled in the fractures likely reflect multistage faulting. The subseismic faults are considered to be related to the nearby larger scale faulting as interpreted on the seismic profile. The spatial correlation between the observed subseismic faults and elevated hydrocarbon concentrations documented by borehole mud gas logging suggests that the subseismic faults might have controlled gas migration in the study area.
Caught in the Crosshairs
Authors: Sinno Nadine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Directed by Saudi Arabian filmmaker Faiza Ambah, Mariam (2015) portrays the struggles of Mariam, a Muslim French teenager who decides to wear the hijab but must contend with her school’s enforcement of a 2004 French law banning religious symbols from public institutions. Mariam must also deal with her liberal father, who opposes the hijab because of his own internalization of Islamophobic narratives that have become widespread in France. Engaging with feminist and cultural studies by such scholars as Saba Mahmood, Mohja Kahf, Lila Abu-Lughod, and Sara Ahmed, this article offers an analysis of Mariam, focusing on the protagonist’s embodied encounters with her teacher, school principal, father, and fellow students. The article argues that by recounting Mariam’s gendered and racialized struggles with forced unveiling, Ambah shifts the discourse on the head scarf from one that focuses on the perceived oppression of Islam to one that highlights the violence of the secular state.
Impact evaluation of the Steno REACH Certificate Course in Clinical Diabetes Care for health care providers in Malaysia: protocol for a quasi-experimental, mixed-methods research study
Authors: Mustapha Feisul , Calopietro Michael , Nielsen Karoline Kragelund , Aagaard-Hansen Jens , Lim Shiang Cheng , Bjerre-Christensen Ulla 
Published: February 2020

The burden of diabetes continues to increase in Malaysia, and the public primary health sector has an insufficient number of health care providers well-trained in diabetes care. The Ministry of Health Malaysia collaborated with Steno Diabetes Center to educate primary care doctors and nurses on the fundamentals of clinical diabetes care using a competency-based approach that blends e-learning, classroom-based learning, and clinic-based group work. This programme is called Steno REACH Certificate Course in Clinical Diabetes Care (SRCC). The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the SRCC intervention in improving diabetes-related knowledge, attitudes, skills and clinical practices among non-specialised doctors and general nurses working in public health clinics in Malaysia. This paper presents the study protocol. A quasi-experimental, mixed-methods study based on Solomon’s Four Group Design was applied. Non-specialist doctors and general nurses from ten health clinics were randomly selected to receive the educational intervention. Comparison clinics were purposive selected matching on proxy indicators for quality of diabetes care. The intervention consisted of 50 hours of e-learning, 48 hours of classroom-based learning and approximately 25 hours of work-based learning that covered all main aspects of clinical diabetes care and delivered over a six-month period. Primary outcomes were changes in diabetes-related knowledge, attitudes, skills, and clinical practice. Patients’ perceptions regarding the quality of care provided were classified as a secondary outcome. Other outcome measures included patients' assessment of their chronic disease care and providers' perceptions, attitudes and perceived barriers in care delivery. Results from this study will inform future educational approaches within the Malaysian health system. The study is unique because it evaluated a pertinent public health topic using a very robust methodology.
Effects of ‎tamoxifen on the reproductive system of female breast cancer patients: an ultrasound-based cohort study
Authors: Abd-Alhussain‎ Ghasak Kais , Alatrakji‎ Mohammed Qasim Yahya Mal-Allah , Saleh‎ Wieeam Abdulfattah , Fawzi Hayder Adnan , Mahmood‎ Aqeel‎ Shaker 
Published: February 2020

Background: Tamoxifen (TMX) is regarded as standard treatment for breast cancer (BC) patients‎. In recent years, several studies have reported gynecological side effects and due to TMX's estrogenic effects. Here, we evaluate the side effects of TMX on the ‎endometrium and ovaries of female BC patients. Methods: This was an ultrasound-based cohort study conducted in three oncology centers in Baghdad, Iraq. A total of ‎‎255 female patients were included, 140 premenopausal (PreM) and 115 postmenopausal (PostM), with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BC using TMX adjuvant hormonal treatment for at least three months after surgery and adjuvant ‎chemo/radiotherapy.‎ Ultrasound (US) on the endometrium and ovaries of the women following ‎BC surgery/chemotherapy (baseline) and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months following was performed‎. Data collected included age, menopausal status, co-morbid chronic illness and medications, including duration of TMX treatment. Results: Presence of ovarian cyst was significantly higher in the PreM ‎compared to PostM ‎women, while there were no significant differences for other gynecological findings.‎ At ‎baseline, endometrial thickness (ET) was significantly higher in the PreM compared to the PostM women. In both groups, women with increased ET became more frequent from baseline to 3 ‎months, from 3 to 6 ‎months, from 6 to 12 months, and from 12 ‎ to 24 months. At all time periods, ‎women with increased ET was ‎significantly higher in the PostM compared PreM women, resulting ‎in a risk of ET increase by 6 folds (ranging from 3 – ‎‎11 folds) ‎in PostM compared to PreM women. Conclusions: Longer duration of TMX is associated with increased ET. Duration of TMX did not appear to increase the risk of various gynecological outcomes, for example endometrial cancer rate was low. Finally, there was an increase in ET, which appeared to be six-folds higher in PostM compared to PreM women.‎
Comparison of major bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndrome that underwent coronary artery bypass grafting treated with clopidogrel or ticagrelor: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rohman Mohammad Saifur , Purnamasari Yeni , Ilmawan Muhammad , Mahdi Bagus Aulia , Tamara Fredo , Mahendra Aditya Indra , Mazen Mazen , Heriansyah Teuku , Yamin Muhammad , Pikir Budi Susetio , Fajar Jonny Karunia 
Published: February 2020

Background: There is controversy among physicians regarding the use of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Moreover, the evidence of previous studies about this topic remained inconclusive. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis concerning the relation between the risk of major bleeding and the use of different DAPT (clopidogrel or ticagrelor) in ACS patients treated with CABG. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted during March to October 2019. Searches were carried out in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science. The predictor covariate in our present study was DAPT (clopidogrel or ticagrelor), and the outcome measure was the risk of major bleeding. Sub-group analysis was also performed, where data were classified into pre- and post-CABG. Furthermore, to determine the correlation and effect estimation, data were analyzed using fixed or random effect model. Results: A total of 13 studies consisting 34,015 patients treated with clopidogrel and 32,661 patients treated with ticagrelor was included in our study. Our pooled calculation revealed that the incidence of major bleeding was not different significantly between clopidogrel and ticagrelor. In pre- and post-CABG sub-groups, our results also found no significant difference in major bleeding incidence between clopidogrel and ticagrelor groups. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis clarifies that clopidogrel, compared to ticagrelor, or vice versa, is not associated with the risk of major bleeding in ACS patients treated with CABG.
The effect of women’s bargaining power within couples on contraceptive use in Cameroon
Authors: Tchakounté Tchuimi Dimitri , Kamga Benjamin Fomba 
Published: February 2020

Background: The prevalence of contraception among married women, evaluated at 23%, is low in Cameroon. Maternal death rates, estimated at 782 deaths per 100,000 live births, are very worrying. The National Strategic Plan for Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (2015-2020) focuses on increasing contraceptive prevalence as a means to reduce maternal death. This paper identifies women’s bargaining power as a factor that may stimulate contraceptive use. The objective of this study is to measure the effect of women's bargaining power within couples on contraceptive use. Methods: The data used come from the Demographic and Health Survey and Multiple Indicators (DHS-MICS) conducted in 2011. Women’s bargaining power within couples is measured by a Woman Bargaining Power Composite Index (WBPCI) built through a multiple correspondence analysis. Descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, cross tabulation, chi-square test) and the probit model were used to analyze the relationship between WBPCI and contraceptive use. Additionally, since the target population for this study is couples in which women were not pregnant, a Heckman probit model was also estimated to address the potential selection bias. Results: The results of the descriptive statistics show that women's bargaining power is higher among women who use contraception than for those who do not. The results of the probit model show that women's bargaining power significantly increases the probability of contraceptive use by 3.4%. In addition, the probability of using contraception also increases with the education of women. The estimation of the Heckman probit model illustrates that the effect of women's bargaining power on the probability of contraceptive use remains virtually unchanged. Conclusions: To reduce high maternal death rates in Cameroon, public health policies should not only focus on the health system itself but should also focus on social policies to empower women in the household.
Karl August Hermanni hiina-soome-eesti keelevõrdlus ning kehtivad ja kehtetud etümoloogiad parandustega
Authors: Gao Jingyi 
Published: February 2020

Selles töös on üle vaadatud Karl August Hermanni 1895. aastal ilmunud artikkel, milles ta võrdles mandariinihiina keelt uurali keeltega, eriti eesti ja soome keelega, ning järeldas, et need keeled on omavahel suguluses. Hermanni toodud tõendid fonoloogia, morfoloogia ja süntaksi alal on mitmesugused. Hermanni leitud mõistete sarnasused on originaalsed. Selle töö autori hinnangul on Hermanni töös välja toodud kaheksast etümoloogilisest võrdlusest viis kehtivad, üks kahtlane, kaks kehtetud. Autor on täiendanud kehtivaid võrdlusi ja parandanud kehtetuid võrdlusi. Nende etümoloogiliste võrdluste tõestamiseks on välja toonud veel 12 etümoloogilist võrdlust, mille loovad kas sõnaalguline või riimivastavus. Tulemusena on esitatud kokku 19 hiinauurali etümoloogiat.
Abstract. Jingyi Gao: Karl August Hermann’s Chinese-Finnish-Estonian language comparison, valid and invalid etymologies with corrections. The present study inspects Karl August Hermann’s article published in 1895, in which he compared Mandarin Chinese to Uralic languages, especially to Finnish and Estonian, and concluded that these languages are related. His proofs of phonology, morphology, and syntax domains are various. His findings of conception similarities are original. The present author estimates that of Hermann’s eight etymological comparisons, five are valid, one is doubtful, two are invalid. The author has amended the valid comparisons and corrected invalid comparisons. In order to verify these comparisons, further 12 etymological comparisons are given, which form onset or rhyme correspondences. As a result, a total of 19 Sino-Uralic etymologies are given.