bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydromechanical Performance of Heat-Treated Bentonite
Authors: Tan Yunzhi , Li Hui , Wang Peirong , Sun De’an , Sun Wenjing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As a buffer material in nuclear waste disposal repository, bentonite experiences long-term persistent heating because of thermal energy released from the sealed nuclear waste canisters. There is no conclusive evidence on how high temperature affects the self-sealing capacity of bentonites. To investigate this effect, bentonite was heated in a muffle furnace at a constant temperature (105°C) for different time periods. The free swelling ratio, swelling pressure, permeability, and specific surface area are used to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of the heated samples. Results revealed that with the increase in the heating time, the free swelling ratio and swelling pressure decrease significantly. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the bentonite sample heated for 90 days reveals a shift from 6° to 9° for the angle corresponding to the (001) diffraction peak of montmorillonite, and with the increase in the heating time, the spacing distance decreases from 1.5 to 0.94 nm. Meanwhile, siliceous oxide is formed during heating, resulting in a cluster of bentonite particles. Results obtained from the infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the water adsorbed on the intralayer and interlayer surfaces is completely evaporated when the temperature approaches 200°C, but only part of the ionic-bonded water vaporizes, while the structural water remains unchanged. Furthermore, during evaporation, sodium and magnesium ions disappear. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that bentonite particles are aggregated, rather than uniformly dispersed, which confirms the aforementioned inference. In addition, results obtained from the particle size distribution tests of heated bentonite revealed the same conclusion about its microstructure.
Extraretinal Spike Normalization in Retinal Ganglion Cell Axons
Authors: Fogli Iseppe Alex , Ogata Genki , Johnson Jeffrey S. , Partida Gloria J. , Johnson Nicholas , Passaglia Christopher L. , Ishida Andrew T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSpike conduction velocity characteristically differs between myelinated and unmyelinated axons. Here we test whether spikes of myelinated and unmyelinated paths differ in other respects by measuring rat retinal ganglion cell (RGC) spike duration in the intraretinal, unmyelinated nerve fiber layer and the extraretinal, myelinated optic nerve and optic chiasm. We find that rapid spike firing and illumination broaden spikes in intraretinal axons but not in extraretinal axons. RGC axons thus initiate spikes intraretinally and normalize spike duration extraretinally. Additionally, we analyze spikes that were recorded in a previous study of rhesus macaque retinogeniculate transmission and find that rapid spike firing does not broaden spikes in optic tract. The spike normalization we find reduces the number of spike properties that can change during RGC light responses. However, this is not because identical spikes fire in all axons. Instead, our recordings show that different subtypes of RGC generate axonal spikes of different durations and that the differences resemble spike duration increases that alter neurotransmitter release from other neurons. Moreover, previous studies have shown that RGC spikes of shorter duration can fire at higher maximum frequencies. These properties should facilitate signal transfer by different mechanisms at RGC synapses onto subcortical target neurons.
Cytosine Methylation Affects the Mutability of Neighboring Nucleotides in Germline and Soma
Authors: Kusmartsev Vassili , Drożdż Magdalena , Schuster-Böckler Benjamin , Warnecke Tobias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMethylated cytosines deaminate at higher rates than unmethylated cytosines, and the lesions they produce are repaired less efficiently. As a result, methylated cytosines are mutational hotspots. Here, combining rare polymorphism and base-resolution methylation data in humans, Arabidopsis thaliana, and rice (Oryza sativa), we present evidence that methylation state affects mutation dynamics not only at the focal cytosine but also at neighboring nucleotides. In humans, contrary to prior suggestions, we find that nucleotides in the close vicinity (±3 bp) of methylated cytosines mutate less frequently. Reduced mutability around methylated CpGs is also observed in cancer genomes, considering single nucleotide variants alongside tissue-of-origin-matched methylation data. In contrast, methylation is associated with increased neighborhood mutation risk in A. thaliana and rice. The difference in neighborhood mutation risk is less pronounced further away from the focal CpG and modulated by regional GC content. Our results are consistent with a model where altered risk at neighboring bases is linked to lesion formation at the focal CpG and subsequent long-patch repair. Our findings indicate that cytosine methylation has a broader mutational footprint than is commonly assumed.
КОЛИВАННЯ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНО-ГРАДІЄНТНОЇ ЦИЛІНДРИЧНОЇ ОБОЛОНКИ, ЩО КОНТАКТУЄ З В'ЯЗКОПРУЖНОЮ РІДИНОЮ
Authors: Kaklar D. Hosseini 
Published: February 2020

Розглянуті геометрично нелінійні коливання функціонально-градієнтної циліндричної оболонки, що контактує з в'язкопружньою рідиною. За допомогою варіаційного принципу Гамільтона – Остроградського визначення частоти коливань даної системи зведено до розв'язування системи диференціальних рівнянь. Рівняння руху в'язкопружної рідини отримано за допомогою векторного рівняння Нав'є – Стокса
EVALUATION OF THE RELIABILITY TEST RESULTS OF A ROCKET ENGINE BASED ON A LOGICAL-PROBABILISTIC METHOD
Authors: Podolchak Sergey Mikhailovich 
Published: February 2020

A logical-probabilistic method for evaluating the test result is proposed, which is based on the theory of evidence of Dempster-Schafer with some assumptions that do not affect the final result. Currently, there is an acute question of creating new types of rocket technology in connection with a change in the situation on the international and domestic market. When creating new samples, it is necessary to pay special attention to the level of their reliability, but also remember to take into account the financial component of projects for the development and manufacture of products.
In this regard, research is currently being conducted not only in the direction of increasing the reliability of complex technical systems, which include rocket engines, but also in reducing the cost of their refinement. One of the research options in this direction was proposed by the author in this work.
The aim of the work and research as a whole was to demonstrate the capabilities of the chosen method for evaluating the test results, according to which it would be possible to draw conclusions about the success of the tests themselves.
As studies have shown, the logical-probabilistic method for evaluating test results based on the Dempster-Schafer theory of evidence, due to the lack of a priori information, can be used in the development of new rocket engine models, but only in a narrow direction. More widely, this method can be used in the design of products based on accumulated experience (amount of information) on existing analogues. Dempster-Schafer proof theory can be applied at earlier design stages, but only in combination with other reliability models.
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE MANIPULATOR MOVEMENTS USING MATHCAD
Authors: Ashchepkova Natalya Sergeevna 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The method of the stability analysis of the manipulator program movements with use of Mathcad applied programs package is offered. On the basis of the manipulator’s kinematic scheme, the matrices of homogeneous transformations of Denavit Hartenberg are formed and a mathematical model of the extended control object is drawn up. An outline of an extended object control system consisting of a manipulator and an actuator is presented. For example, the linear equations of the manipulator, actuators, meter and controller are considered. The task of synthesizing the manipulator control algorithm is to determine the coefficients of the matrix transfer function of the controller that satisfy the conditions of stability and quality of transients. Mathematical modeling of manipulator programmatic movements was performed using the Matchad application package. The analysis of simulation results allows us to evaluate: manipulator workspace, control system performance, grip positioning accuracy, dependence of grip positioning error on the nature of load and the law of motion. A change in the dynamic characteristics of an extended control object causes a change in the controllability of systems, for the considered example rang Q = 2, i.e. the system is fully controllable.
This method can be used to analyze the manipulation of the manipulator at the design stage; allows to determine the influence of design, kinematic and dynamic parameters on the manipulation of the manipulator and perform mathematical modeling of the manipulator motion. Calculation examples are given that confirm the expediency and effectiveness of using the Mathcad application software package to solve this type of problem.
STUDY OF STRESS AND STRAIN STATES OF REINFORCEMENT IN RUBBER-METAL PRODUCTS DURING THEIR MANUFACTURE
Authors: Khorolskyi Mikhail Stepanovich , Sanin Anatoliy Fedorovich 
Published: February 2020

Stress and strain states are typical for rubber-to-metal bonding areas in the rubber-metal products developed specifically for the space industry, particularly those with thin-walled reinforcement, i.e. dampers and brackets. To achieve maximum rubber adhesion to metal, 80-120 µm shot or aluminum oxide blasting at the air pressure of 0.6-0.8 MPa is applied to the reinforcing steel of straight or any other shape. The blasting process causes an improvement in the hardness of the material by strain hardening, which results in the backward deformation of the reinforcement. After the blasting process, the reinforcing steel changes its geometry and stress and strain state. A new equilibrium state appears.
Rubber-metal products are typically cast under pressure using press molds by vulcanizing a rubber mix at high temperatures. Bonding rubber to metal using an adhesive takes place simultaneously. During the molding process, the deformed reinforcement returns to its original shape once the pressure is applied and preserves its shape for some time due to strong rubber-to-metal bonds. Yet, after the rubber-metal product is taken out of the mold, the stress and strain state emerges in the rubber-to-metal bonding area, as the reinforcing steel wants to return to its equilibrium state. With the relaxation developing as time passes, delamination of the rubber-to-metal system occurs and the product can no longer be used.
As a result of our research, we determined the relationship between the strength of the rubber-to-metal adhesion and the deformation using standard samples and proposed the methods of the stress and strain state simulation that can be used for development of new technologies enabling manufacturing of rubber-metal products with no or small stress and strain levels. The paper outlines the key approaches to relieving the stress and strain states in the rubber-metal products with thin-walled reinforcement. Using the standard samples, we proved that relieving of the stress and strain state will ensure product operability during the entire period of warranty.
<i>Les Douze Tribus: La communaute messianique de Sus en France</i> by Bernadette Rigal-Cellard. Les Éditions l’Harmattan, 2019
Authors: Palmer Susan J. 
Published: February 2020

Les Douze Tribus: La communaute messianique de Sus en France by Bernadette
Rigal-Cellard. Les Éditions l’Harmattan, 2019. 126pp., Pb. 13.5€, ISBN-13:
9782806636737; ePDF 9.99€, ISBN-13: 9782806651495.
Linguistic Ethnography of a Multilingual Call Center: London Calling by Johanna Woydack (2019)
Authors: Cooper Grace Fay 
Published: February 2020

Linguistic Ethnography of a Multilingual Call Center: London Calling by Johanna Woydack (2019), London: Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN: 978-3-319-93322-1 (hardback), 978-3-319-93323-8 (eBook), Pp. xv + 214.
Validação Exploratória e Confirmatória da Escala de Resiliência Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC-10) numa Amostra de Inscritos em Centros de Emprego
Authors: Almeida Maria Helena , Dias Sara , Xavier Miguel , Torgal Jorge 
Published: February 2020

Introdução: Bonanno definiu resiliência como a capacidade do indivíduo em lidar com os eventos traumáticos, nomeadamente a capacidade de manter os níveis de funcionamento físico e psicológico relativamente estáveis. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da escala de resiliência Connor-Davidson de 10 itens. A escala resumida apresenta boas qualidades psicométricas (α Cronbach – 0,85) quando comparada com a escala longa (25 itens) (α Cronbach – 0,89).Material e Métodos: Obtivemos uma amostra de conveniência de inscritos em centros de emprego que foi aleatoriamente dividida em duas subamostras (amostra 1 = 5127 e amostra 2 = 5134). Aplicámos a análise de componentes principais na amostra 1. Com a amostra 2 procedeu-se à análise fatorial confirmatória usando o método da máxima verosimilhança. Usámos a análise multigrupo para a comparação do modelo fatorial entre os géneros e a situação profissional. Efetuámos a análise convergente e divergente através da análise de correlação de Pearson.Resultados: A análise de componentes principais extraiu um fator com uma variância explicada de 53,97%. A análise fatorial confirmatória comprovou a unidimensionalidade da escala. Confirmámos a invariância entre géneros e situação profissional. A escala de resiliência Connor-Davidson de 10 itens correlacionou-se positivamente com as medidas da escala SF-36 e negativamente com a escala GHQ-12.Discussão: A análise exploratória e confirmatória corroborou a unidimensionalidade e boas propriedades psicométricas, semelhantes à escala original de 10 itens.Conclusão: Trata-se do primeiro estudo de validação desta escala na população portuguesa (Portugal), de acordo com a pesquisa efetuada. Os seus resultados são muito satisfatórios, recomendando-se o seu uso na população portuguesa.
Volar Plate Fixation in Adults with a Displaced Extra-Articular Distal Radial Fracture Is Cost-Effective
Authors: Mulders Marjolein A.M. , Walenkamp Monique M.J. , van Dieren Susan , Goslings J. Carel , Schep Niels W.L. ,   on behalf of the VIPER Trial Collaborators
Published: February 2020

Background:
To our knowledge, a health economic evaluation of volar plate fixation compared with plaster immobilization in patients with a displaced extra-articular distal radial fracture has not been previously conducted.

Methods:
A cost-effectiveness analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial was performed. Ninety patients were randomly assigned to volar plate fixation or plaster immobilization. The use of resources per patient was documented prospectively for up to 12 months after randomization and included direct medical, direct non-medical, and indirect non-medical costs due to the distal radial fracture and the received treatment.

Results:
The mean quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) at 12 months were higher in patients treated with volar plate fixation (mean QALY difference, 0.16 [bias-corrected and accelerated 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.07 to 0.27]). (The 95% CIs throughout are bias-corrected and accelerated.) In addition, the mean total costs per patient were lower in patients treated with volar plate fixation (mean difference, −$299 [95% CI, −$1,880 to $1,024]). The difference in costs per QALY was −$1,838 (95% CI, −$12,604 to $9,787), in favor of volar plate fixation. In a subgroup analysis of patients who had paid employment, the difference in costs per QALY favored volar plate fixation by −$7,459 (95% CI, −$23,919 to $3,233).

Conclusions:
In adults with a displaced extra-articular distal radial fracture, volar plate fixation is a cost-effective intervention, especially in patients who had paid employment. Besides its better functional results, volar plate fixation is less expensive and provides a better quality of life than plaster immobilization.

Level of Evidence:
Economic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Association Between High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Idiopathic Adhesive Capsulitis
Authors: Park Hyung Bin , Gwark Ji-Yong , Jung Jaehoon , Jeong Soon-Taek 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Chronic inflammation is implicated in the development of idiopathic adhesive capsulitis (IAC), whose association with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation marker, is undetermined. This study’s purposes were to investigate the association between high-sensitivity CRP levels and IAC and to determine the metabolic factors associated with high-sensitivity CRP.

Methods:
This case-control study examined a group of 202 patients with IAC and without intrinsic shoulder lesions or extrinsic causes and a control group of 606 age and sex-matched persons seeking general check-ups at our health promotion center during the same period as the case group. Control subjects had normal shoulder function and no previously diagnosed adhesive capsulitis; no medication for diabetes, dyslipidemia, and thyroid abnormalities; and no history of trauma or of shoulder surgery. The studied variables were body mass index; diabetes; thyroid abnormalities; dyslipidemias; triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) >3.5; serum levels of thyroid hormone, fasting glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c); and high-sensitivity CRP >1.0 mg/L. Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis evaluated the matched sets of subjects. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined for the studied variables possibly affecting IAC.

Results:
Serum high-sensitivity CRP >1.0 mg/L was significantly associated with IAC (OR, 2.47 [95% CI, 1.65 to 3.70]) after adjusting for diabetes, fasting glucose level, HbA1c, dyslipidemia, TG/HDL >3.5, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (p ≤ 0.031). Diabetes (OR, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.09 to 3.33]), fasting glucose level (OR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.12 to 2.12]), HbA1c (OR, 2.00 [95% CI, 1.25 to 3.22]), hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.03 to 3.41]), hypo-high-density lipoproteinemia (OR, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.04 to 3.79]), and TG/HDL >3.5 (OR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.06 to 1.88]) were significantly associated with high-sensitivity CRP >1.0 mg/L in patients with IAC (p ≤ 0.039).

Conclusions:
Serum high-sensitivity CRP >1.0 mg/L is an independent associated marker for IAC. Dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia, which are recognized factors associated with IAC, are also associated with high-sensitivity CRP >1.0 mg/L in these patients, supporting the interaction of chronic systemic inflammation in IAC.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Use and Adverse Effects of Oral and Intravenous Antibiotic Administration for Suspected Infection After Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Yao Jie J. , Jurgensmeier Kevin , Woodhead Benjamin M. , Whitson Anastasia J. , Pottinger Paul S. , Matsen Frederick A. , Hsu Jason E. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
When performing revision shoulder arthroplasty, surgeons do not have access to the results of intraoperative culture specimens and will administer empiric antibiotics to cover for the possibility of deep infection until the culture results are finalized. The purpose of this study was to report the factors associated with the initiation, modification, and adverse events of 2 different postoperative antibiotic protocols in a series of revision shoulder arthroplasties.

Methods:
In this study, 175 patients undergoing revision shoulder arthroplasty were treated with either a protocol of intravenous (IV) antibiotics if there was a high index of suspicion for infection or a protocol of oral antibiotics if the index of suspicion was low. Antibiotics were withdrawn if cultures were negative and were modified as indicated if the cultures were positive. Antibiotic course, modification, and adverse effects to antibiotic administration were documented.

Results:
On univariate analysis, factors significantly associated with the initiation of IV antibiotics were male sex (p < 0.001), history of infection (p < 0.001), intraoperative humeral loosening (p = 0.003), and membrane formation (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, male sex (p = 0.003), history of infection (p = 0.003), and membrane formation (p < 0.001) were found to be independent predictors of the initiation of IV antibiotics. On the basis of preoperative and intraoperative characteristics, surgeons anticipated the culture results in 75% of cases, and modification of antibiotic therapy was required in 25%. The modification from oral to IV antibiotics due to positive culture results was made significantly more often in male patients (p < 0.001). Adverse effects of antibiotic administration occurred in 19% of patients. The rates of complications were significantly lower in the patients treated with oral antibiotics and a shorter course of antibiotics (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Complications associated with antibiotic administration after revision shoulder arthroplasty are not infrequent and are more common in patients whose initial protocol is IV antibiotics. Further study is needed to balance the effectiveness and risks of post-revision antibiotic treatment given the frequency of antibiotic-related complications.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Yazdi Hamidreza , Restrepo Camilo , Foltz Carol , Hammad Mohammed , Chung Paul H. , Gomella Leonard G. , Parvizi Javad 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Male patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty have a higher risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) compared with female patients. The exact reason for this finding is not well known. This study aimed to determine if patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are at increased risk of PJI.

Methods:
A total of 12,902 male patients who underwent primary or revision total joint arthroplasty from January 2006 to April 2017 were retrospectively identified. The mean patient age was 62.47 years and the mean patient body mass index was 30.1 kg/m2. The majority of patients were Caucasian or African American. Most surgical procedures involved the hip joints (57.8%) and were primary arthroplasties (86%). Of these patients, 386 (3%) had symptomatic BPH. Among this group, 250 patients with symptomatic BPH were identified and were matched in an approximate 1:3 ratio with 708 control patients. Using the International Consensus Meeting criteria, patients who developed PJI were identified.

Results:
The PJI rate was 7.9% in the symptomatic BPH group and 2.8% in the control group. Multivariate regression analysis in unmatched groups showed that symptomatic BPH was a strong independent risk factor for PJI. After matching for variables related to outcomes, symptomatic BPH remained a significant risk factor for PJI (p = 0.01).

Conclusions:
Patients with symptomatic BPH had a higher risk of PJI compared with the control patients. This may partly explain the higher rate of PJI that is seen in male patients.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.