bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assuming one dose per day yields a similar estimate of medication adherence in patients with stroke: An exploratory analysis using linked registry data
Authors: Ung David , Dalli Lachlan L. , Lopez Derrick , Sanfilippo Frank M. , Kim Joosup , Andrew Nadine E. , Thrift Amanda G. , Cadilhac Dominique A. , Anderson Craig S. , Kilkenny Monique F. 
Published: July 2020

PurposePrescribed daily dose (PDD), the number of doses prescribed to be taken per day, is used to calculate medication adherence using pharmacy claims data. PDD can be substituted by (i) one dose per day (1DD), (ii) an estimate based on the 75th percentile of days taken by patients to refill a script (PDD75) or (iii) the World Health Organization's defined daily dose (DDD). We aimed to compare these approaches for estimating the duration covered by medications and whether this affects calculated 1‐year adherence to antihypertensive medications post‐stroke.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of prospective cohort data from the ongoing Australian Stroke Clinical Registry linked with pharmacy claims data. Adherence was calculated as the proportion of days covered (PDC) for 1DD, PDD75 and DDD. Differences were assessed using Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests.ResultsAmong 12 628 eligible patients with stroke, 10 057 (80%) were prescribed antihypertensive medications in the year after hospital discharge (78.2% aged ≥65 years, 45.2% female). Overall, the 75th percentile of patient time until next medication refill was 39 days. The greatest variations in dose regimens, estimated using person‐ and dose‐level refill times, were for beta blockers (11.4% taking two tablets/day). There were comparable levels of adherence between 1DD and the PDD75 (median PDC 91.0% vs 91.2%; P = 0.70), but adherence was slightly higher using DDD (92.3%; both P < 0.001). However, this would represent a clinically nonsignificant difference.ConclusionAdherence to antihypertensive medications shows similar estimates across standard measures of dosage in patients during the first year after an acute stroke.
Predicting regional hotspots of phylogenetic diversity across multiple species groups
Authors: Franke Sophia , Brandl Roland , Heibl Christoph , Mattivi Angelina , Müller Jörg , Pinkert Stefan , Thorn Simon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe protection of phylogenetic diversity has become a priority in conservation biology, but its achievement requires a detailed understanding of (a) hotspots of phylogenetic diversity on a management‐relevant scale and (b) the land use and climate factors determining local phylogenetic diversity. In this study, we identified spatial patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and their environmental drivers.LocationBavaria, Germany.MethodsTo map the cross‐taxon phylogenetic diversity, we combined species distribution data obtained from country‐wide monitoring programmes and phylogenetic trees of birds, bats, dragonflies, grasshoppers and butterflies and calculated the phylogenetic diversity standardized by species richness. Generalized additive models were used to test the effects of land use and climate on phylogenetic diversity. We identified hotspots of phylogenetic diversity and assessed the extent to which established protected areas in Bavaria cover these hotspots.ResultsHigh coverage by urban areas, arable land and water bodies negatively affected the phylogenetic diversity of most species groups. The phylogenetic diversity of birds increased with increasing meadow cover. Climate did not influence the phylogenetic diversity of the studied groups. We identified 10 regional hotspots that contained the highest standardized phylogenetic diversity across the examined species groups. There was a strong mismatch between hotspots of phylogenetic diversity among the species groups. Protected areas (national parks, natural reserves and areas of the Flora‐Fauna‐Habitat Directive) overlapped only to ~9.6% with these hotspots of standardized phylogenetic diversity.Main conclusionsCross‐taxon approaches are required to identify hotspots of phylogenetic diversity at a management‐relevant scale. At regional scales, land use was more important than climate in determining phylogenetic diversity. Our study highlights the importance of involving land users into strategies for protecting phylogenetic diversity.
A moral vision for the presidential election
Authors: Stone Ronald H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe essay celebrates the “Mirror of Princes” writing of political philosophy that appeared in Augustine's City of God, the history of Western political philosophy and in the political thought of ancient China. It upholds the tradition of the good ruler while noting the ambiguities of morality in politics. It notes the political power of the American president in the current global context. While emphasizing the need for the good ruler to love the people he serves it focuses on the need for reform in health care, education, and race relations.
Astrocytic‐neuronal crosstalk gets jammed: Alternative perspectives on the onset of neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Roman Celia , Egert Luisa , Di Benedetto Barbara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInvestigating interactions of glia cells and synapses during development and in adulthood is the focus of several research programmes which aim at understanding the neurobiology of brain physiological and pathological processes. Both glia‐specific released and membrane‐bound proteins play essential roles in the development, maintenance and functionality of synaptic connections. Alterations in synaptic contacts in specific brain areas are hallmarks of several brain diseases, such as major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Thus, a deeper knowledge about putative astrocyte dysfunctions which might affect the synaptic compartment is warranted to improve treatment options. Here, we present the latest advances about the role of glia cells in orchestrating the arrangement of synapses and neuronal networks in physiological and pathological states. We specifically focus on the role of astrocytes in the phagocytosis of neuronal synapses as a novel mechanism which drives the refinement of neuronal circuits and might be affected in pathological conditions. Finally, we propose this astrocyte‐dependent mechanism as a putative alternative target of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of brain disorders.
Mechanistic characterization of UDP‐glucuronic acid 4‐epimerase
Authors: Borg Annika J. E. , Dennig Alexander , Weber Hansjörg , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: July 2020

UDP‐glucuronic acid (UDP‐GlcA) is a central precursor in sugar nucleotide biosynthesis and common substrate for C4‐epimerases and decarboxylases releasing UDP‐galacturonic acid (UDP‐GalA) and UDP‐pentose products, respectively. Despite the different reactions catalyzed, the enzymes are believed to share mechanistic analogy rooted in their joint membership to the short‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) protein superfamily: Oxidation at the substrate C4 by enzyme‐bound NAD+ initiates the catalytic pathway. Here, we present mechanistic characterization of the C4‐epimerization of UDP‐GlcA, which in comparison with the corresponding decarboxylation has been largely unexplored. The UDP‐GlcA 4‐epimerase from Bacillus cereus functions as a homodimer and contains one NAD+/subunit (kcat = 0.25 ± 0.01 s−1). The epimerization of UDP‐GlcA proceeds via hydride transfer from and to the substrate’s C4 while retaining the enzyme‐bound cofactor in its oxidized form (≥ 97%) at steady state and without trace of decarboxylation. The kcat for UDP‐GlcA conversion shows a kinetic isotope effect of 2.0 (±0.1) derived from substrate deuteration at C4. The proposed enzymatic mechanism involves a transient UDP‐4‐keto‐hexose‐uronic acid intermediate whose formation is rate‐limiting overall, and is governed by a conformational step before hydride abstraction from UDP‐GlcA. Precise positioning of the substrate in a kinetically slow binding step may be important for the epimerase to establish stereo‐electronic constraints in which decarboxylation of the labile β‐keto acid species is prevented effectively. Mutagenesis and pH studies implicate the conserved Tyr149 as the catalytic base for substrate oxidation and show its involvement in the substrate positioning step. Collectively, this study suggests that based on overall mechanistic analogy, stereo‐electronic control may be a distinguishing feature of catalysis by SDR‐type epimerases and decarboxylases active on UDP‐GlcA.
Fatigue properties of combined friction stir and adhesively bonded AA6082‐T6 overlap joints
Authors: Maciel Ricardo , Bento Tiago , Braga Daniel F.O. , da Silva Lucas F.M. , Moreira Pedro M.G.P. , Infante Virgínia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEven though friction stir welding (FSW) has been shown to produce high performing butt joints, stress concentration at the weld edges in overlap FSW significantly reduces the performance of these joints. By combining FSW and adhesive bonding into a friction stir (FS) weld bonding, joint mechanical performance is greatly improved. Quasistatic and fatigue strength of the proposed FS weld‐bonding joints was assessed and benchmarked against overlap FSW and adhesive bonding. The characterization of the structural adhesive is also presented, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), as well as mechanical characterization with curing temperature. A small process parameter study was made to select proper FSW parameters for AA6082‐T6 overlap FSW and FS weld‐bonded joints. FS weld bonding achieved a significant increase in quasistatic and fatigue strength when compared with overlap FSW, with 79.9% of the fatigue strength of adhesive‐bonded joints at 106 cycles, whereas FSW had 41.6%.
Multiple lines of evidence reveal complex rainbow trout responses to stream habitat enhancements
Authors: Collins Scott F. , Baxter Colden V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Habitat enhancements seek to ameliorate the detrimental effects of environmental degradation and take many forms, but usually entail structural (e.g. logs, cribs, reefs) or biogenic (e.g. carrion additions, vegetation plantings, fish stocking) augmentations with the intent of increasing fish annual production (i.e. accrual of new fish biomass through time). Whether efforts increase fish production or simply attract fish has long been subject to debate.

Streams of the Pacific Northwest are commonly targeted for habitat enhancements to mitigate for the detrimental effects of dams and other forms of habitat degradation on Pacific salmon. Nutrient mitigation (i.e. the practice of artificially fertilising freshwaters) is a form of biogenic habitat enhancement that attempts to mimic the enrichment effects of a natural Pacific salmon spawning event. This approach assumes nutrient augmentations alleviate nutrient limitation of primary producers and/or food limitation of primary and secondary consumers, culminating in increased fish production.

We conducted a multi‐year manipulative experiment and tracked responses of interior rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to annual additions of Pacific salmon carcasses as part of an effort to enhance the productivity of salmonid populations in streams where salmon runs have been lost. We employed an integrated approach to partition the mechanisms driving numerical responses of trout populations across timescales, to assess population turnover, and to track responses to habitat enhancements across individual to population level metrics.

Short‐term numerical increases by trout were shaped by immigration and subsequently via retention of individuals within treatment reaches. As trout moved into treated stream reaches, individuals foraged, grew, and subsequently moved to other locations such that short‐term increases in fish numbers did not persist from year to year. All told, additions of salmon carcasses alleviated apparent food limitation and thereby increased secondary production of rainbow trout. However, at an annual time scale, increased production manifested as larger individual fish, not more fish within treated reaches. Fish movements and high population turnover within treated stream reaches apparently led to the subsequent dispersal of increased fish production.

We found multiple lines of evidence that indicated that annual additions of salmon carcasses aggregated rainbow trout and enhanced their annual production. Through this replicated management experiment, we documented dynamic individual and population level responses to a form of stream habitat manipulation across weekly and annual timescales.
Genomic‐wide sequencing reveals remarkable connection between widely disjunct populations of the internationally threatened bog buck moth
Authors: Dupuis Julian R. , Geib Scott M. , Schmidt Christian , Rubinoff Daniel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Rare, threatened species often suffer from habitat fragmentation, which leads to smaller populations vulnerable to negative impacts including inbreeding depression and collapse of metapopulation dynamics. Therefore, understanding the population structure and relationships of each population of a threatened species is critical for prioritising habitat conservation and reintroduction efforts.
The bog buck moth (Hemileuca sp.) is a lineage previously recognised as several populations of conservation concern in New York state and the Province of Ontario. Recent genomic research discovered that bog buck moth from New York was a highly divergent, distinct entity compared to the group's diversity across North America.
Nevertheless, the Canadian populations have not been evaluated and are geographically disjunct from the nearest New York population by ~170 km. As New York populations are in sharp decline, confirming that the relatively robust Ontario populations are conspecific, and understanding their relationship to New York populations, is a conservation priority.
We integrated genomic data from an Ontario population into a broader dataset containing populations from across the range of the species group. Bog buck moth populations from Ontario and New York were identified as reciprocally monophyletic conspecifics, and other ecologically similar populations of Hemileuca from the western Great Lakes region are confirmed to be a different, widespread species.
These results corroborate the restricted range of the bog buck moth and suggest that Ontario and New York populations have not been in recent contact. Therefore, reintroduction efforts must be developed in the context of this population structure.
Changes in facial signs due to age and their respective weights on the perception of age, on a tired‐look or a healthy glow among differently aged Chinese men
Authors: Flament F. , Abric A. , Amar D. , Ye C. , Caron J. , Negre C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the respective weights of certain facial signs on the assessment of perceived age, tired‐look and healthy glow on Chinese men of different ages.Material and methodsPhotographs were taken of the faces of 420 Chinese men of different ages, under standardized conditions. These photographs allowed to focus and define 15 facial signs, which were then graded by 15 experts and dermatologists, using standardized scales provided by a reference Skin Aging Atlas. The facial signs were dispatched into 5 clusters, namely wrinkles/texture, ptosis/sagging, pigmentation disorders, vascular disorders and cheek skin pores. A naïve panel, composed of 80 Chinese women, of similar age range were asked, when viewing full‐face photographs, to: (i) attribute on a 0–10 scale their perception of both the tired‐look and healthy glow aspects and (ii) estimate the age of the subject.ResultsWith the exception of vascular disorders, the severity of all 4 clusters increased with age, although at different rates. The ptosis/sagging or pigmentation disorders showed a rather regular progression. Although perceived ages and real ages were found to be closely correlated, the vast majority of subjects were judged older by 2–10 years. The changes in facial signs (and their related clusters) were significantly correlated with perceived age, with the exceptions of skin spot density and cheek skin pores. Although the aspects of tired‐look and healthy glow were logically found to be anti‐correlated, tired‐look was more statistically associated with perceived age for the five clusters. Signs of eye contour appear to be closely correlated with the perception of a tired‐look.ConclusionWithin facial clinical clusters, wrinkles/texture and ptosis/sagging are major factors in the assessment of perceived age in Chinese men. Tired‐look appears to be strongly associated with perceived age.
Comparative secretome profile analysis of cultured immortalized human endometrial stromal cells supplemented with implanted versus nonimplanted blastocyst‐conditioned medium: A preliminary analysis
Authors: Xiong Feng , Yao ZhiHong , Chen PeiLin , Sun Qing , Zhong HuiXian , Wan CaiYun , Zeng Yong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimHuman endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) were previously shown to be capable of discriminating embryos with different qualities. Here we aimed to compare the specific response of the HESC secretome to implanted blastocyst‐conditioned medium (BCM) versus nonimplanted medium and identify cytokine candidates useful for the assessment of blastocyst implantation.MethodsCleavage embryos were individually cultured in one microdrop of medium for blastocyst formation. The BCM was collected after fresh blastocyst transfer on day 5 and used to supplement HESC culture medium. A high‐throughput antibody array covering 440 cytokines was used to detect the secretory proteins of HESCs supplemented with implanted or nonimplanted BCM.ResultsA total of 22 differentially expressed proteins were found out of 440 cytokines in the supernatant of HESCs supplemented with BCM from the implanted group compared to the nonimplanted group, including seven upregulated and 15 downregulated proteins. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in cell chemotaxis and motility, and ERK1/2 cascade regulation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis suggested that the mitogen‐activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt pathways were mainly involved.ConclusionHESCs specifically responded to BCM from different quality blastocysts, a finding that can be used to develop a novel approach for blastocyst quality assessment.
Is there a relationship between basic birth beliefs and pregnancy‐related anxiety in Turkey
Authors: Durgun Ozan Yeter , Alp Yilmaz Figen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimIt is important to investigate the relationship between the beliefs about birth as a natural or medical process and the pregnancy‐related anxiety that has a powerful impact on the negative outcomes of labor. This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between basic birth beliefs and pregnancy‐related anxiety in Turkey.MethodsThis descriptive, cross‐sectional and correlational study was conducted in a University hospital located in eastern Turkey.The study sample included 473 primiparae having completed 14 weeks of pregnancy. The Birth Belief Scale and Pregnancy‐Related Anxiety Questionnaire/PRAQ‐R2 were used to collect the data.ResultsA relationship was found between birth beliefs and pregnancy‐related anxiety. Strong beliefs about birth as a medical process or weak beliefs about birth as a natural process were found to be related with fear of giving birth and worries about bearing a handicapped child.ConclusionA relationship was detected between beliefs of pregnant women about birth as a medical and natural process and fear of giving birth, worries about bearing a handicapped child., concern about own appearance. It is highly important to detect the birth beliefs in order to help women have a healthy pregnancy period and to decrease their anxiety levels. Pregnancy‐related anxieties of women must be detected, and their birth beliefs that result in anxiety must not be overlooked during the provision of prenatal healthcare services.
Pain and disability in women with patellofemoral pain relate to kinesiophobia, but not to patellofemoral joint loading variables
Authors: De Oliveira Silva Danilo , Willy Richard W. , Barton Christian J. , Christensen Kelly , Pazzinatto Marcella F. , Azevedo Fábio M. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAltered patellofemoral joint (PFJ) loading and elevated kinesiophobia are commonly reported in people with patellofemoral pain (PFP). However, the relative relationship of these physical‐psychological variables with pain and disability in people with PFP is unknown.AimTo explore the relationship of PFJ loading during stair ascent and kinesiophobia, with self‐reported pain and disability in women with PFP.MethodsFifty‐seven women with PFP completed the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, a Visual Analog Scale (0‐100 mm) for pain during stair ascent, and the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (disability). Stair ascent mechanics were assessed via three‐dimensional motion analysis while participants ascended an instrumented seven‐step staircase. Peak PFJ contact force and stress, and PFJ contact force and stress loading rates were estimated using a musculoskeletal model. The relationships of PFJ kinetics during stair ascent and kinesiophobia, with the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (disability) and pain during stair ascent, were evaluated with Spearman rank correlation. Variables (kinetics and kinesiophobia) significantly correlating with the dependent variables (pain and disability) were inserted in linear regression models.ResultsKinesiophobia was moderately associated with self‐reported pain (rho = 0.37) and disability (rho = −0.58) in women with PFP. No PFJ loading variables were found to be associated with self‐reported pain or disability (P > .05). Kinesiophobia explained 14% of the variance of participants’ pain while ascending stairs and 33% of the variance of participant's self‐reported disability.ConclusionAddressing kinesiophobia during treatment of women with PFP may be important to reduce self‐reported pain and disability.
Sexuality and digital Space
Authors: Adams‐Santos Dominique 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince the Internet's inception, sociologists have sought to understand the role digital spaces play in mediating communication, interaction, and its impact on the broader social world. Sociological literature at the intersection of sexuality and digital space presents a key area of inquiry, charting the generative, and sometimes utopian, aspects of sexuality's insertion into the virtual sphere, as well as the problems and drawbacks of this relationship. By drawing on select empirical studies, this article charts three dominant research strands on sexuality and digital space: (a) the influence of digital platforms in sexual selfhood projects; (b) macro‐level trends and micro‐level practices of desire, attraction, and dating online; and (c) the role of digital platforms in sustaining sexual subcultures. I propose additional approaches and lines of inquiry to further develop research in these areas.