bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primordial gravitational waves spectrum in the Coupled-Scalar-Tachyon Bounce Universe
Authors: Zhang Nan , Cheung Yeuk-Kwan E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe extend our study on the Coupled-Scalar-Tachyon Bounce Universe to obtain its gravitational waves spectrum. We derive in detail the equations of motion for the tensorial modes of primordial metric perturbations in the Coupled-Scalar-Tachyon Bounce Universe. We solve for the gravitational wave equations in the pre-bounce contraction and the post-bounce expansion epochs. To match the solutions of the tensor perturbations, we idealise the bounce process yet retaining the essential physical properties of the bounce universe. We put forward two matching conditions: one ensures the continuity of the gravitational wave functions and the other respects the symmetric nature of the bounce dynamics. The matching conditions connect the two independent modes of gravitational waves solutions before and after the bounce. We further analyze the scale dependence and time dependence of the gravitational waves spectra in the bounce universe and compare them with the primordial spectrum in the single field inflation scenario. We discuss the implications to early universe physics and present model independent observational signatures extracted from the bounce universe.
Remarks on the non-Riemannian sector in Double Field Theory
Authors: Cho Kyoungho , Park Jeong-Hyuck 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTaking $$\mathbf {O}(D,D)$$O(D,D) covariant field variables as its truly fundamental constituents, Double Field Theory can accommodate not only conventional supergravity but also non-Riemannian gravities that may be classified by two non-negative integers, $$(n,\bar{n})$$(n,n¯). Such non-Riemannian backgrounds render a propagating string chiral and anti-chiral over n and $$\bar{n}$$n¯ dimensions respectively. Examples include, but are not limited to, Newton–Cartan, Carroll, or Gomis–Ooguri. Here we analyze the variational principle with care for a generic $$(n,\bar{n})$$(n,n¯) non-Riemannian sector. We recognize a nontrivial subtlety for $${n\bar{n}\ne 0}$$nn¯≠0 that infinitesimal variations generically include those which change $$(n,\bar{n})$$(n,n¯). This seems to suggest that the various non-Riemannian gravities should better be identified as different solution sectors of Double Field Theory rather than viewed as independent theories. Separate verification of our results as string worldsheet beta-functions may enlarge the scope of the string landscape far beyond Riemann.
Effects of heated water-based versus land-based exercise training on vascular function in individuals with peripheral artery disease
Authors: Park Song-Young , Wong Alexei , Son Won-Mok , Pekas Elizabeth J. 
Published: February 2020

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disease that is associated with poor vascular function, walking impairment, and reduced quality of life. Land-based exercise therapy (LBET) is frequently recommended to improve walking and reduce symptoms. Recently, evidence has suggested that heated-water exercise therapy (HWET) is an effective intervention for PAD. However, the efficacy of LBET versus HWET in PAD patients had not been elucidated. Therefore, we sought to compare effects of LBET with HWET on cardiovascular function, exercise tolerance, physical function, and body composition in PAD patients. PAD patients ( n = 53) were recruited and randomly assigned to a LBET group ( n = 25) or HWET group ( n = 28). The LBET group performed treadmill walking, whereas the HWET group performed walking in heated water for 12 wk. Leg (legPWV) and brachial-to-ankle arterial stiffness (baPWV), blood pressure (BP), ankle-brachial index (ABI), 6-min walking distance (6MWD), claudication onset time (COT), physical function, and body composition were assessed before and after 12 wk. There were significant group-by-time interactions ( P < 0.05) for legPWV, BP, 6MWD, COT, body composition, and resting metabolic rate (RMR). Both groups significantly reduced ( P < 0.05) legPWV, BP, and body fat percentage, and HWET measures were significantly lower than LBET measures. Both groups significantly increased 6MWD, COT, and RMR, and HWET group measures were significantly greater than LBET measures. A time effect was noted for baPWV reduction in both groups ( P < 0.05). These results suggest that both LBET and HWET improve cardiovascular function, exercise tolerance, and body composition, and HWET showed considerably greater improvements compared with LBET in patients with PAD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The results of this study reveal for the first time that although land-based exercise therapy is effective for reducing arterial stiffness and blood pressure in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), heated-water exercise therapy demonstrates greater benefits on vascular function. The greater improvements in muscular strength, time to onset of claudication, and exercise tolerance after heated-water exercise therapy may have clinical implications for improving quality of life in patients with PAD. The heated-water exercise therapy intervention demonstrated relatively higher exercise training adherence (∼88%) compared with the land-based exercise intervention (∼81%).
Pan-Cancer Efficacy of Vemurafenib in BRAFV600-Mutant Non-Melanoma Cancers
Authors: Subbiah Vivek , Puzanov Igor , Blay Jean-Yves , Chau Ian , Lockhart A. Craig , Raje Noopur S. , Wolf Juergen , Baselga José , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Roszik Jason , Diamond Eli L. , Riely Gregory J. , Sherman Eric J. , Riehl Todd , Pitcher Bethany , Hyman David M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

BRAF V600 mutations occur in a wide range of tumor types, and RAF inhibition has become standard in several of these cancers. Despite this progress, BRAFV600 mutations have historically been considered a clear demonstration of tumor lineage context–dependent oncogene addiction, based predominantly on the insensitivity to RAF inhibition in colorectal cancer. However, the true broader activity of RAF inhibition pan-cancer remains incompletely understood. To address this, we conducted a multicohort “basket” study of the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib in non-melanoma BRAFV600 mutation–positive solid tumors. In total, 172 patients with 26 unique cancer types were treated, achieving an overall response rate of 33% and median duration of response of 13 months. Responses were observed in 13 unique cancer types, including historically treatment-refractory tumor types such as cholangiocarcinoma, sarcoma, glioma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and salivary gland carcinomas. Collectively, these data demonstrate that single-agent BRAF inhibition has broader clinical activity than previously recognized.

Significance:
These data suggest that BRAFV600 mutations lead to oncogene addiction and are clinically actionable in a broad range of non-melanoma cancers, including tumor types in which RAF inhibition is not currently considered standard of care.
See related commentary by Ribas and Lo, p. 640.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 627
Rice Intake, Arsenic Exposure, and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease Among US Adults in MESA
Authors: Sobel Marisa H. , Sanchez Tiffany R. , Jones Miranda R. , Kaufman Joel D. , Francesconi Kevin A. , Blaha Michael J. , Vaidya Dhananjay , Shimbo Daichi , Gossler Walter , Gamble Mary V. , Genkinger Jeanine M. , Navas‐Acien Ana 
Published: February 2020

Background

Arsenic‐related cardiovascular effects at exposure levels below the
US
Environmental Protection Agency's standard of 10 μg/L are unclear. For these populations, food, especially rice, is a major source of exposure. We investigated associations of rice intake, a marker of arsenic exposure, with subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) markers in a multiethnic population.

Methods and Results

Between 2000 and 2002, MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) enrolled 6814 adults without clinical
CVD
. We included 5050 participants with baseline data on rice intake and markers of 3
CVD
domains: inflammation (hsCRP [high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein], interleukin‐6, and fibrinogen), vascular function (aortic distensibility, carotid distensibility, and brachial flow‐mediated dilation), and subclinical atherosclerosis at 3 vascular sites (carotid intima‐media thickness, coronary artery calcification, and ankle‐brachial index). We also evaluated endothelial‐related biomarkers previously associated with arsenic. Rice intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Urinary arsenic was measured in 310 participants. A total of 13% of participants consumed ≥1 serving of rice/day. Compared with individuals consuming <1 serving of rice/week, ≥1 serving of rice/day was not associated with subclinical markers after demographic, lifestyle, and
CVD
risk factor adjustment (eg, geometric mean ratio [95%
CI
] for hs
CRP
, 0.98 [0.86–1.11]; aortic distensibility, 0.99 [0.91–1.07]; and carotid intima‐media thickness, 0.98 [0.91–1.06]). Associations with urinary arsenic were similar to those for rice intake.

Conclusions

Rice intake was not associated with subclinical
CVD
markers in a multiethnic
US
population. Research using urinary arsenic is needed to assess potential
CVD
effects of low‐level arsenic exposure. Understanding the role of low‐level arsenic as it relates to subclinical
CVD
may contribute to
CVD
prevention and control.
So Many Tall Tales: Constantijn L’Empereur’s Polemical Reading of Benjamin of Tudela’s Book of Travels
Authors: Freedman Marci 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The twelfth-century Jewish traveller, Benjamin of Tudela and his Book of Travels has attracted widespread attention since the Middle Ages. The narrative, however, has largely been read and studied in the context of what it can tell scholars about the medieval world. This article shifts the approach away from the Book of Travels’ content to its reception. Under discussion is Constantijn L’Empereur’s 1633 Latin edition. This article reveals how L’Empereur elevated the Book of Travels from a travelogue into a work of rabbinic literature to undermine the text’s authority. It argues that by attacking the veracity of the account, L’Empereur employed the narrative in anti-Jewish polemics against the cunning, and theologically blind Jews to illustrate the errors of their beliefs. By illuminating L’Empereur’s engagement with the text, the article also situates L’Empereur’s use of rabbinic literature in the wider early modern debate about the utility of Hebrew language study and rabbinic literature for Christian scholars.
Słowiński comparativus jako paralela dla rekonstruowanych zjawisk przedhistorycznych
Authors: Szeptyński Rafał 
Published: February 2020

This is the corrected version of the retracted article under the same title, which was published with the following DOI: https://doi.org/10.11649/sfps.1736The Slovincian Comparative as a Parallel for Reconstructed Prehistoric PhenomenaThis article deals with an innovative type of comparatives in Slovincian (Kashubian) (cf., e.g. gąstńei̯šï ‘thicker’ ← gąstï ‘thick’, as opposed to the inherited forms gąstšï, gąscei̯šï). The -ń- extension of the formative originates from intransitive change-of-state verbs of the type gąstńec ‘to become thick(er)’ ← gąstï. This phenomenon reflects a more general tendency in the development of Slavic and Indo-European languages. The significance of the Slovincian material is that it provides synchronic evidence from the first half of the twentieth century. To jest poprawiona wersja wycofanego artykułu o tym samym tytule, który był opublikowany pod następującym numerem DOI: https://doi.org/10.11649/sfps.1736Słowiński comparativus jako paralela dla rekonstruowanych zjawisk przedhistorycznychNiniejszy artykuł dotyczy pewnego innowacyjnego typu comparatiwów w słowińskim (kaszubskim) (por. np. gąstńei̯šï ‘gęstszy’ ← gąstï ‘gęsty’ wobec odziedziczonych gąstšï, gąscei̯šï). Rozszerzenie -ń- w wykładniku wywodzi się z nieprzechodnich czasowników zmiany stanu typu gąstńec ‘gęstnieć’ ← gąstï. Zjawisko to odzwierciedla ogólniejszą tendencję w rozwoju języków słowiańskich i indoeuropejskich. Znaczenie materiału słowińskiego polega na możliwości potwierdzenia procesu na poziomie synchronicznym w pierwszej połowie XX wieku.
Trusting Autonomous Security Robots: The Role of Reliability and Stated Social Intent
Authors: Lyons Joseph B. , Vo Thy , Wynne Kevin T. , Mahoney Sean , Nam Chang S. , Gallimore Darci 
Published: February 2020

Objective This research examined the effects of reliability and stated social intent on trust, trustworthiness, and one’s willingness to endorse use of an autonomous security robot (ASR). Background Human–robot interactions in the domain of security is plausible, yet we know very little about what drives acceptance of ASRs. Past research has used static images and game-based simulations to depict the robots versus actual humans interacting with actual robots. Method A video depicted an ASR interacting with a human. The ASR reviewed access credentials and allowed entrance once verified. If the ASR could not verify one’s credentials it instructed the visitor to return to the security checkpoint. The ASR was equipped with a nonlethal device and the robot used this device on one of the three visitors (a research confederate). Manipulations of reliability and stated social intent of the ASR were used in a 2 × 4 between subjects design ( N = 320). Results Reliability influenced trust and trustworthiness. Stated social intent influenced trustworthiness. Participants reported being more favorable toward use of the ASR in military contexts versus public contexts. Conclusion The study demonstrated that reliability of the ASR and statements regarding the ASR’s stated social intent are important considerations influencing the trust process (inclusive of intentions to be vulnerable and trustworthiness perceptions). Application If robotic systems are authorized to use force against a human, public acceptance may be increased with availability of the intent-based programming of the robot and whether or not the robot’s decision was reliable.
Attachment and Epigenetics: A Scoping Review of Recent Research and Current Knowledge
Authors: Darling Rasmussen Pernille , Storebø Ole Jakob 
Published: February 2020

Background Epigenetic research has pointed to that the interaction between genetics and environmental factors may play a role in making some individuals more vulnerable than others. Aim The aim of this article was to present a broad perspective on the current state of knowledge in a relatively new and complex field of “attachment and epigenetic processes.” Method We conducted a scoping review based on a systematic literature search in PsycINFO, PubMed, and Embase databases for relevant abstracts using the terms attachment and epigenet*. Results In total, 11 studies were included. Research predating 2009 and animal studies were excluded in order to review the current state of research in humans. Conclusion Overall, there seems to be a consistency in the literature, pointing to a link between early childhood adversity, attachment processes, and epigenetic changes. However, research in human subjects is still limited.
Evaluation of Algorithms Used for PrEP Surveillance Using a Reference Population From New York City, July 2016–June 2018
Authors: Furukawa Nathan W. , Smith Dawn K. , Gonzalez Charles J. , Huang Ya-Lin A. , Hanna David B. , Felsen Uriel R. , Zhu Weiming , Arnsten Julia H. , Patel Viraj V. 
Published: February 2020

Objective: Daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) use as HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is monitored by identifying TDF/FTC prescriptions from pharmacy databases and applying diagnosis codes and antiretroviral data to algorithms that exclude TDF/FTC prescribed for HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), HIV treatment, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatment. We evaluated the accuracy of 3 algorithms used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Gilead Sciences, and the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) using a reference population in Bronx, New York. Methods: We extracted diagnosis codes and data on all antiretroviral prescriptions other than TDF/FTC from an electronic health record database for persons aged ≥16 prescribed TDF/FTC during July 2016–June 2018 at Montefiore Medical Center. We reviewed medical records to classify the true indication of first TDF/FTC use as PrEP, PEP, HIV treatment, or HBV treatment. We applied each algorithm to the reference population and compared the results with the medical record review. Results: Of 2862 patients included in the analysis, 694 used PrEP, 748 used PEP, 1407 received HIV treatment, and 13 received HBV treatment. The algorithms had high specificity (range: 98.4%-99.0%), but the sensitivity of the CDC algorithm using a PEP definition of TDF/FTC prescriptions ≤30 days was lower (80.3%) than the sensitivity of the algorithms developed by Gilead Sciences (94.7%) or NYSDOH (96.1%). Defining PEP as TDF/FTC prescriptions ≤28 days improved CDC algorithm performance (sensitivity, 95.8%; specificity, 98.8%). Conclusions: Adopting the definition of PEP as ≤28 days of TDF/FTC in the CDC algorithm should improve the accuracy of national PrEP surveillance.
Effects of an integrated transitional care program for stroke survivors living in a rural community: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Deng Aiwen , Yang Sidong , Xiong Ribo 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To evaluate the effect of an integrated transitional care program on health outcomes in stroke survivors based on an original community for healthcare. Design: A pilot randomized controlled trial with blinded assessment. Randomization by statistician using computer-generated, random numbers concealed in opaque envelopes. Setting: A tertiary hospital and participants’ home across Lishui, China. Subjects: A total of 98 people with acute cerebral hemorrhage or cerebral infarction, eight weeks following discharge from our hospital. Interventions: Each participant received stroke unit–based treatment including acute medical treatment, early rehabilitation and health education. Patients in the intervention group received ongoing rehabilitation at home through multidisciplinary team, while patients in the control group received secondary stroke prevention. Main measures: Short-Form Health Survey-36, Modified Barthel Index and Caregiver Strain Index at four and eight weeks, respectively, after discharged. Results: A total of 98 participants were recruited (intervention n = 49, control n = 49). Patients had an average age of 61.4 years (61.4 ± 18.3). Mean values of Physical Components Summary and Mental Components Summary, integral components of Short-Form Health Survey-36, were significantly better in the intervention group at four and eight weeks (40.2 ± 6.3 and 42.9 ± 3.7 for the former; 43.9 ± 2.6 and 46.1 ± 1.8 for the later). The same trend was observed in Modified Barthel Index (87.1 ± 9.2 and 92.5 ± 6.7 at four and eight weeks, respectively). But the significant improvement in Caregiver Strain Index was only observed at four weeks. There were significant differences between groups in these scores. Conclusion: The transitional care program has been proven to be feasible and improve health-related outcomes.
Acupuncture for whiplash-associated disorder following road traffic collision: a physiotherapy service evaluation
Authors: Stuart Samuel , Armstrong Michael , Sewell Jennifer , Dixon Cheryl , Morris Rosie 
Published: February 2020

Background: Whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) is a common musculoskeletal condition that frequently occurs following a road traffic collision. Physiotherapy is often prescribed to help with the symptoms and injuries. Research evidence has demonstrated that acupuncture may be beneficial, but no studies have examined the routine clinical use of acupuncture by physiotherapists for treatment of WAD. Therefore, a physiotherapy service evaluation was conducted to examine the effects of acupuncture on WAD following a road traffic collision. Methods: This study involved 87 patients who attended a private physiotherapy practice following a road traffic collision after referral by their solicitor as part of a personal injury claim. Patients were included if they had been diagnosed with WAD (grades I–III) and received acupuncture as part of their treatment. An average of three sessions of acupuncture were received, which primarily involved needling of traditional acupuncture points and/or myofascial trigger points of the neck and upper/lower back. Results: Pain significantly reduced ( p < 0.001). Musculoskeletal outcome measures including neck disability index, Oswestry low back pain scale and Quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (Quick-DASH) scale also significantly improved (all p < 0.001). Adverse events were minor. The majority of the patients (n = 66) were able to return to full-work duties following treatment. Conclusion: Acupuncture appears to be an effective clinical treatment for WAD following a road traffic collision and should be considered by physiotherapists working with such patient groups.
Comparison of 2g vs 1 g of Prophylactic Cefazolin in Surgical Site Infections in Trauma Surgery Below the Knee
Authors: Sanders Fay R. K. , Kistemaker Rosanne M.G. , van ’t Hul Mirjam , Schepers Tim 
Published: February 2020

Background: The rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) after foot or ankle surgery remains high, despite the implementation of antibiotic prophylaxis. Recently, guidelines suggest a single dose of 2 g instead of 1 g of cefazolin for implant surgery; this decision is largely based on pharmacokinetic studies. However, the clinical effect of this higher dose has never been investigated in foot and ankle surgery. This retrospective cohort study investigated the effect of 2 g compared with 1 g of prophylactic cefazolin on the incidence of SSIs in foot and ankle surgery. Methods: All patients undergoing trauma-related surgery of the foot, ankle, or lower leg between September 2015 and March 2019 were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of an SSI. SSIs were compared between patients receiving 1 g and 2 g of cefazolin as surgical prophylaxis, using a propensity score to correct for possible confounders. Results: A total of 293 patients received 1 g and 126 patients received 2 g of cefazolin. The overall number of SSIs was 19 (6.5%) in the 1-g group and 6 (4.8%) in the 2-g group. Corrected for possible confounders, this was not statistically significant (OR, 0.770; P = .608). Conclusion: Even though the decrease in SSI rate from 6.5% to 4.8% was found not to be statistically significant, it might be clinically relevant considering the reduction in morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Research linking pharmacokinetic and clinical results of prophylactic cefazolin is needed to establish whether or not the current recommendations and guidelines are sufficient for preventing SSIs in foot and ankle surgery. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative series.