bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routine restaging after primary non-surgical treatment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma—a review
Authors: Seebauer Caroline Theresa , Hackenberg Berit , Grosse Jirka , Rennert Janine , Jung Ernst-Michael , Ugele Ines , Michaelides Ioannis , Mehanna Hisham , Hautmann Matthias G. , Bohr Christopher , Künzel Julian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Treatment of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma with radiotherapy or chemoradiation is an established alternative to laryngeal surgery in many cases, but particularly for advanced tumors without cartilage invasion. Imaging modalities face the challenge of distinguishing between posttherapeutic changes and residual disease in the complex anatomic subsite of the larynx. Guidelines concerning restaging of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are presented by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and other national guidelines, but clearly defined recommendations for routine restaging particularly for laryngeal cancer are lacking.

Methods
A systematic search was carried out in PubMed to identify studies evaluating routine restaging methods after primary non-surgical treatment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma from 2009 to 2020.

Results
Only three studies were deemed eligible, as they included at least ≥50% patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and evaluated imaging modalities to detect residual cancer. The small number of studies in our review suggest restaging with fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) 3 months after initial treatment, followed by direct laryngoscopy with biopsy of the lesions identified by FDG PET/CT.

Conclusion
Studies evaluating restaging methods after organ-preserving non-surgical treatment of laryngeal carcinoma are limited. As radiotherapy (RT), chemoradiotherapy (CRT), systemic therapy followed by RT and radioimmunotherapy are established alternatives to surgical treatment, particularly in advanced laryngeal cancers, further studies are needed to assess and compare different imaging modalities (e.g. PET/CT, MRI, CT, ultrasound) and clinical diagnostic tools (e.g., video laryngoscopy, direct laryngoscopy) to offer patients safe and efficient restaging strategies. PET or PET/CT 3 months after initial treatment followed by direct laryngoscopy with biopsy of the identified lesions has the potential to reduce the number of unnecessary laryngoscopies.
Effectiveness of new molecules against widespread moulds for food-safe hardwood and softwood packaging
Authors: Giordano Luana , Gonthier Paolo , Negro Francesco , Zanuttini Roberto , Cremonini Corrado 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWood packaging materials (WPMs) are widely used for collecting, storing and trading a wide range of products, including fresh fruit, vegetables and grains. The occurrence of moulds on WPMs used in the food industry must be avoided at every stage of the supply chain. This study aimed at (1) characterising fungal mould populations developing on fresh boards of hardwoods (European beech and poplar) and softwoods (Norway spruce and eastern white pine) commonly used by the packaging industry, and (2) assessing the effectiveness of two new molecules approved to come in contact with food, potassium sorbate and copper-8-quinolinolate, against mould growth and sporulation. A total of 322 fungal isolates belonging to 182 putatively different morphotypes were obtained. Spruce and beech boards were found to harbour a higher number of putatively different morphotypes compared to poplar and pine. The spectrum of fungi mostly included Ascomycota and the most abundant taxa were Trichoderma spp. and Penicillium spp. The effectiveness of the two new molecules (potassium sorbate approved for the use in both Europe and USA, and copper-8-quinolinolate approved for the use in USA only) was assessed on treated test pieces by inoculating conidial suspensions combining the three most common fungal species for each wooden material. Both preservatives showed comparable effectiveness and significantly reduced (P < 0.05) mould mycelial growth and sporulation on all the tested wooden materials compared to untreated controls, representing a suitable option for the control of moulds on WPMs.
Area-Dependent Quantum Field Theory
Authors: Runkel Ingo , Szegedy Lóránt 
Published: November 2020

AbstractArea-dependent quantum field theory is a modification of two-dimensional topological quantum field theory, where one equips each connected component of a bordism with a positive real number—interpreted as area—which behaves additively under glueing. As opposed to topological theories, in area-dependent theories the state spaces can be infinite-dimensional. We introduce the notion of regularised Frobenius algebras in Hilbert spaces and show that area-dependent theories are in one-to-one correspondence to commutative regularised Frobenius algebras. We also provide a state sum construction for area-dependent theories. Our main example is two-dimensional Yang–Mills theory with compact gauge group, which we treat in detail.
Moniliella spathulata, an oil-degrading yeast, which promotes growth of barley in oil-polluted soil
Authors: Mikolasch Annett , Berzhanova Ramza , Omirbekova Anel , Reinhard Anne , Zühlke Daniele , Meister Mareike , Mukasheva Togzhan , Riedel Katharina , Urich Tim , Schauer Frieder 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The yeast strain Moniliella spathulata SBUG-Y 2180 was isolated from oil-contaminated soil at the Tengiz oil field in the Atyrau region of Kazakhstan on the basis of its unique ability to use crude oil and its components as the sole carbon and energy source. This yeast used a large number of hydrocarbons as substrates (more than 150), including n-alkanes with chain lengths ranging from C10 to C32, monomethyl- and monoethyl-substituted alkanes (C9–C23), and n-alkylcyclo alkanes with alkyl chain lengths from 3 to 24 carbon atoms as well as substituted monoaromatic and diaromatic hydrocarbons. Metabolism of this huge range of hydrocarbon substrates produced a very large number of aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic acids. Fifty-one of these were identified by GC/MS analyses. This is the first report of the degradation and formation of such a large number of compounds by a yeast. Inoculation of barley seeds with M. spathulata SBUG-Y 2180 had a positive effect on shoot and root development of plants grown in oil-contaminated sand, pointing toward potential applications of the yeast in bioremediation of polluted soils.

Key points
• Moniliella spathulata an oil-degrading yeast
• Increase of the growth of barley
Breeding stage, not sex, affects foraging characteristics in masked boobies at Rapa Nui
Authors: Lerma Miriam , Dehnhard Nina , Luna-Jorquera Guillermo , Voigt Christian C. , Garthe Stefan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Sexual segregation in foraging occurs in some species and populations of boobies (Sulidae), but it is not a general pattern. Sexual segregation in foraging may occur to avoid competition for food, and this competition may intensify during specific stages of breeding. We examined sexual segregation in foraging in relation to breeding stage in masked boobies Sula dactylatra at Rapa Nui by tracking simultaneously incubating and chick-rearing birds using GPS recorders (n = 18) and collected a total of 11 regurgitate samples. Stable isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N) of whole blood samples were carried out in 20 birds. There were no differences in foraging trip parameters or diet between females and males. Both sexes traveled farther and for longer while incubating than while rearing chicks. Isotopic niches (δ13C and δ15N) overlapped to some degree among all groups at all times, but the lowest overlap between sexes occurred during incubation. While preying on ephemerally distributed flying fish, vertical or horizontal competition avoidance may be almost impossible, and thus females and males share their foraging grounds. Since birds were tracked simultaneously, shorter foraging trips of chick-rearing birds must be an effect of the constraints of provisioning the chick. Differences observed in δ15N and δ13C values between sexes may be caused by subtle differences in their foraging behaviors, or by differences in physiology linked to breeding. Our findings suggest that local oceanography and its inherent food distribution are determinants for sexual segregation in foraging patterns in masked boobies and possibly also other booby species.

Significance statement
In some animals, females and males forage on different areas or prey on different species to avoid competition for food resources. In boobies (Sula sp.), some studies show evidence of sexual segregation in foraging and others do not. Here, we tested if sexual segregation in foraging occurred in masked boobies on the Pacific island of Rapa Nui by studying simultaneously incubating and chick-rearing birds. We found no evidence of sexual segregation on foraging behavior or diet. We discuss that the difference between this and other studies in boobies may be an effect of the local prey availability. When the prey community is more diverse and heterogeneously distributed, each sex may access different resources and thus sexual foraging segregation will occur. In contrast, in areas like Rapa Nui where prey resources are distributed ephemerally, sexual segregation in foraging will not be useful and is thus less likely to occur.
Short‐ and Long‐Term Outcomes of Transabdominal Preperitoneal, Open Mesh Plug and Open Tissue Inguinal Hernia Repair
Authors: Takayama Yuichi , Kaneoka Yuji , Maeda Atsuyuki , Takahashi Takamasa , Kiriyama Muneyasu , Seita Kazuaki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere have been few comparisons of the postoperative outcomes of transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP), open mesh plug (mesh plug) and open tissue (tissue) hernia repair. The objectives of this study were to compare these repair methods.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 1813 inguinal hernia patients between January 2008 and December 2016. Of these patients, 474 underwent TAPP repair, 1293 underwent mesh plug repair, and 46 underwent tissue repair. The short‐term and long‐term outcomes determined by questionnaire were compared among the three groups. In addition, risk factors for patient dissatisfaction were assessed.ResultsIn the TAPP group, the postoperative complications rate was the lowest at 4.6% (7.4% and 6.5% in the mesh plug and the tissue groups, respectively, P = 0.07), and recurrence rate was lower compared to the mesh plug group (0.8% vs. 3.3%, P = 0.002). As long‐term outcomes, 92%, 88% and 75% of patients were satisfied in the TAPP, mesh plug and tissue groups, respectively (P = 0.03). The rate of patients with numbness was 3.1% in the TAPP group, 5.2% in the mesh plug group and 14% in the tissue group (P = 0.04). Predictive independent risk factors for patient dissatisfaction were complications (OR: 3.99, 95% CI: 1.35–11.8, P = 0.012) and infection (OR: 16.9, 95% CI: 1.25–229, P = 0.003).ConclusionsTAPP repair is superior to mesh plug and tissue repairs in terms of complications, satisfaction and numbness, as determined by questionnaire. Complications and infection were independently associated with the patient dissatisfaction.
Identification of Common Themes from Never Events Data Published by NHS England
Authors: Omar Islam , Graham Yitka , Singhal Rishi , Wilson Michael , Madhok Brijesh , Mahawar Kamal K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundNever events (NEs) are serious clinical incidents that cause potentially avoidable harm and impose a significant financial burden on healthcare systems. The purpose of this study was to identify common never events.MethodsWe analysed the NHS England NE data from 2012 to 2020 to identify common never events category and themes.ResultsWe identified 51 common NE themes in 4 main categories out of a total of 3247 NE reported during this period. Wrong‐site surgery was the most common category (n = 1307;40.25%) followed by retained foreign objects (n = 901;27.75%); wrong implant or prosthesis (n = 425;13.09%); and non‐surgical/infrequent ones (n = 614; 18.9%). Wrong‐side (laterality) and wrong tooth removal were the most common wrong‐site NE accounting for 300 (22.95%) and 263 (20.12%) incidents, respectively. There were 197 (15%) wrong‐site blocks, 125 (9.56%) wrong procedures, and 96 (7.3%) wrong skin lesions excised. Vaginal swabs were the most commonly retained items (276;30.63%) followed by surgical swabs (164;18.20%) and guidewires (152;16.87%). There were 67 (7.44%) incidents of retained parts of instruments and 48 (5.33%) retained instruments. Wrong intraocular lenses (165; 38.82%) were the most common wrong implants followed by wrong hip prostheses (n = 94; 22.11%) and wrong knees (n = 91; 21.41%). Non‐surgical events accounted for 18.9% (n = 614) of the total incidents. Misplaced naso‐or oro‐gastric tubes (n = 178;29%) and wrong‐route administration of medications were the most common events in this category (n = 111;18%), followed by unintentional connection of a patient requiring oxygen to an air flow‐meter (n = 93; 15%).ConclusionThis paper identifies common NE categories and themes. Awareness of these might help reduce their incidence.
Ex vivo machine perfusion: current applications and future directions in liver transplantation
Authors: Michelotto Julian , Gassner Joseph M. G. V. , Moosburner Simon , Muth Vanessa , Patel Madhukar S. , Selzner Markus , Pratschke Johann , Sauer Igor M. , Raschzok Nathanael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Liver transplantation is the only curative treatment option for end-stage liver disease; however, its use remains limited due to a shortage of suitable organs. In recent years, ex vivo liver machine perfusion has been introduced to liver transplantation, as a means to expand the donor organ pool.

Purpose
To present a systematic review of prospective clinical studies on ex vivo liver machine perfusion, in order to assess current applications and highlight future directions.

Methods
A systematic literature search of both PubMed and ISI web of science databases as well as the ClinicalTrials.gov registry was performed.

Results
Twenty-one articles on prospective clinical trials on ex vivo liver machine perfusion were identified. Out of these, eight reported on hypothermic, eleven on normothermic, and two on sequential perfusion. These trials have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of ex vivo liver machine perfusion in both standard and expanded criteria donors. Currently, there are twelve studies enrolled in the clinicaltrials.gov registry, and these focus on use of ex vivo perfusion in extended criteria donors and declined organs.

Conclusion
Ex vivo liver machine perfusion seems to be a suitable strategy to expand the donor pool for liver transplantation and holds promise as a platform for reconditioning diseased organs.
Blockchain-enabled supply chain: analysis, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Jabbar Sohail , Lloyd Huw , Hammoudeh Mohammad , Adebisi Bamidele , Raza Umar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractManaging the integrity of products and processes in a multi-stakeholder supply chain environment is a significant challenge. Many current solutions suffer from data fragmentation, lack of reliable provenance, and diverse protocol regulations across multiple distributions and processes. Amongst other solutions, Blockchain has emerged as a leading technology, since it provides secure traceability and control, immutability, and trust creation among stakeholders in a low cost IT solution. Although Blockchain is making a significant impact in many areas, there are many impediments to its widespread adoption in supply chains. This article is the first survey of its kind, with detailed analysis of the challenges and future directions in Blockchain-enabled supply chains. We review the existing digitalization of the supply chain including the role of GS1 standards and technologies. Current use cases and startups in the field of Blockchain-enabled supply chains are reviewed and presented in tabulated form. Technical and non-technical challenges in the adoption of Blockchain for supply chain applications are critically analyzed, along with the suitability of various consensus algorithms for applications in the supply chain. The tools and technologies in the Blockchain ecosystem are depicted and analyzed. Some key areas as future research directions are also identified which must be addressed to realize mass adoption of Blockchain-based in supply chain traceability. Finally, we propose MOHBSChain, a novel framework for Blockchain-enabled supply chains.
Frequency and risk factors for postoperative aneurysm residual after microsurgical clipping
Authors: Obermueller Kathrin , Hostettler Isabel , Wagner Arthur , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias , Zimmer Claus , Gempt Jens , Meyer Bernhard , Wostrack Maria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
Aneurysm residuals after clipping are a well-known problem, but the course of aneurysm remnants in follow-up is not well studied. No standards or follow-up guidelines exist for treatment of aneurysm remnants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for postoperative aneurysm remnants and their changes during follow-up.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of 666 aneurysms treated via clipping in our hospital from 2006 to 2016. Postoperative and follow-up angiographic data were analyzed for aneurysm remnants and regrowth. Clinical parameters and aneurysm-specific characteristics were correlated with radiological results.

Results
The frequency of aneurysm residuals was 12% (78/666). Aneurysms located in the middle cerebral artery (p = 0.02) showed a significantly lower risk for incomplete aneurysm occlusion. Larger aneurysms with a diameter of 11–25 mm (p = 0.005) showed a significantly higher risk for incomplete aneurysm occlusion. Five patients underwent re-clipping during the same hospital stay. Remnants were stratified based on morphological characteristics into “dog ears” (n = 60) and “broad based” (n = 13). The majority of the “dog ears” stayed stable, decreased in size, or vanished during follow-up. Broad-based remnants showed a higher risk of regrowth.

Conclusions
A middle cerebral artery location seems to lower the risk for the incomplete clip occlusion of an aneurysm. Greater aneurysm size (11–25 mm) is associated with a postoperative aneurysm remnant. The majority of “dog-ear” remnants appear to remain stable during follow-up. In these cases, unnecessarily frequent angiographic checks could be avoided. By contrast, broad-based residuals show a higher risk of regrowth that requires close imaging controls if retreatment cannot be performed immediately.
A new molecular risk pathway for postpartum mood disorders: clues from steroid sulfatase–deficient individuals
Authors: Thippeswamy Harish , Davies William 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPostpartum mood disorders develop shortly after childbirth in a significant proportion of women. These conditions are associated with a range of symptoms including abnormally high or low mood, irritability, cognitive disorganisation, disrupted sleep, hallucinations/delusions, and occasionally suicidal or infanticidal ideation; if not treated promptly, they can substantially impact upon the mother’s health, mother-infant bonding, and family dynamics. The biological precipitants of such disorders remain unclear, although large changes in maternal immune and hormonal physiology following childbirth are likely to play a role. Pharmacological therapies for postpartum mood disorders can be effective, but may be associated with side effects, concerns relating to breastfeeding, and teratogenicity risks when used prophylactically. Furthermore, most of the drugs that are used to treat postpartum mood disorders are the same ones that are used to treat mood episodes during non-postpartum periods. A better understanding of the biological factors predisposing to postpartum mood disorders would allow for rational drug development, and the identification of predictive biomarkers to ensure that ‘at risk’ mothers receive earlier and more effective clinical management. We describe new findings relating to the role of the enzyme steroid sulfatase in maternal postpartum behavioural processes, and discuss how these point to a novel molecular risk pathway underlying postpartum mood disorders. Specifically, we suggest that aberrant steroid hormone–dependent regulation of neuronal calcium influx via extracellular matrix proteins and membrane receptors involved in responding to the cell’s microenvironment might be important. Testing of this hypothesis might identify novel therapeutic targets and predictive biomarkers.
A novel clinically-oriented classification of fine-needle aspiration cytology for salivary gland tumors: a 20-year retrospective analysis of 1175 patients
Authors: Taniuchi Masataka , Kawata Ryo , Omura Shuji , Haginomori Shin- Ichi , Terada Tetsuya , Higashino Masaaki , Kurisu Yoshitaka , Hirose Yoshinobu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhen determining treatment strategy for a salivary gland tumor, assessing histology and malignancy grade before surgery is essential. Several new diagnostic classification systems for salivary gland cytology have recently been proposed. However, none incorporate histology and grade of malignancy.MethodsWe developed a new cytology classification system that incorporates histology and grade of malignancy of salivary gland tumors (OMC classification), consisting of 11 categories. Our OMC classification was applied to 1175 patients who had preoperative cytology and confirmed final pathological diagnosis available from the past 20 years at our hospital (benign tumor: 981 patients, malignant tumor: 194 patients).ResultsBased on the cytology, 729 patients (62.0%) had benign histology (Category 4–1), and 87 patients (7.4%) were diagnosed with grade of malignancy (Category 6–3 + 6–4). Based on the final pathological diagnosis, the accuracy rate of Category 4–1 and Category 6–3 + 6–4 of our classification system was 93.4% and 88.5%, respectively.ConclusionBased on the correct diagnosis rate, the inclusion of histology and grade of malignancy in the salivary gland cytology classification was considered feasible. Thus, the OMC classification system is considered a useful tool when determining the treatment strategy for a salivary gland tumor.
Cultural Values and the Coliform Bacterial Load of “Masato,” an Amazon Indigenous Beverage
Authors:   Indigenous Health and Adaption to Climate Change Research Group (IHACC), Bussalleu Alejandra , Di-Liberto Aldo , Carcamo Cesar , Carrasco-Escobar Gabriel , Zavaleta-Cortijo Carol , King Matthew , Berrang-Ford Lea , Maurtua Dora , Llanos-Cuentas Alejandro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAccess to safe drinking water is limited in many isolated areas, such as the Amazon where Indigenous peoples frequently reside. Identifying safe forms of drinking water accepted by the communities could have positive health benefits for Indigenous peoples. Many Amazon Indigenous peoples traditionally prepare and consume a fermented beverage called masato, which is frequently the only form of water consumption. Despite its widespread consumption and evidence of the health benefits of fermentation, masato remains poorly investigated. We partnered with a Shawi Indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon to conduct participatory photography to research masato preparation, and to characterize key cultural features and to assess the presence of total and fecal coliform bacteria by using a membrane filter technique. Pictures show that masato preparation is a key part of cultural practices and that there are clear gender roles in the preparation process. We found that 100% of communal water sources (26/26) were contaminated with coliform bacteria; by contrast, fewer, 18% of masato samples (2/11), were positive for coliform. This exploratory study suggests that fermented beverages like masato merit further investigation as they represent an Indigenous method to improve water quality in Amazonian communities where water safety cannot be assured.