bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blockchain speculation or value creation? Evidence from corporate investments
Authors: Autore Don M. , Clarke Nicholas , Jiang Danling 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany corporate executives believe blockchain technology is broadly scalable and will achieve mainstream adoption, yet there is little evidence of significant shareholder value creation associated with corporate adoption of blockchain technology. We collect a broad sample of firms that invest in blockchain technology and examine the stock price reaction to the “first” public revelation of this news. Initial reactions average close to +13% and are followed by reversals over the next 3 months. However, we report a striking difference based on the credibility of the investment. Blockchain investments that are at an advanced stage or are confirmed in subsequent financial statements are associated with higher initial reactions and little or no reversal. The results suggest that credible corporate strategies involving blockchain technology are viewed favorably by investors.
Construction and identification of influenza plasmid pool imparting high yields to candidate vaccine viruses in Vero cell at low temperature
Authors: Liu Ze , Geng Xingliang , Cui Zhaohai , Li Weidong , Ou Xia , Liao Guoyang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe generated plasmid pools for the rapid preparation of candidate vaccine strains, which could grow in the Vero cells at low temperature. Firstly, we cloned in the pHW2000 plasmid each of the eight gene segments (PB2, PB1, PA, hemagglutinin [HA], neuraminidase [NA], NS, NP, M) of two master donor strains (MDS), respectively, A/Yunnan/1/2005Vca(H3N2) and B/Yunnan/2/2005Vca(By), which had Vca phenotype (cold‐adapted phenotype in Vero cells). Secondly, the similar operation was implemented with each of the HA, NA and NP segments of circulating strains with epidemic potential (parental strains). The virus rescue techniques were employed in this study, according to the homology rate of HA segments between MDS and parental strains. Then, we harvested amount of new Vca virus strains. By transmission electron microscope, it could observe new viruses' diameter and length were from 100 to 120 nm. Importantly, these reassortant viruses could get high‐yield production in Vero cells at 25℃ from the beginning to the fourth generation, which was significantly differ from their original parental viruses. Additional, these production 16 new Vca strains could maintain enough antibody binding capacity and attenuation phenotype, which consisted with their MDS. So these plasmid pools constructed by mount of different influenza A and B virus gene fragments could present desired working performance and provide convenience and realization for more Vca reassortant virus as candidate vaccine strain if needing.
A simple novel approach for detecting blood–brain barrier permeability using GPCR internalization
Authors: Csaba Z. , Vitalis T. , Charriaut‐Marlangue C. , Margaill I. , Coqueran B. , Leger P.‐L. , Parente I. , Jacquens A. , Titomanlio L. , Constans C. , Demene C. , Santin M. D. , Lehericy S. , Perrière N. , Glacial F. , Auvin S. , Tanter M. , Ghersi‐Egea J.‐F. , Adle‐Biassette H. , Aubry J.‐F. , Gressens P. , Dournaud P. 
Published: September 2020

AimsImpairment of blood–brain barrier (BBB) is involved in numerous neurological diseases from developmental to aging stages. Reliable imaging of increased BBB permeability is therefore crucial for basic research and preclinical studies. Today, the analysis of extravasation of exogenous dyes is the principal method to study BBB leakage. However, these procedures are challenging to apply in pups and embryos and may appear difficult to interpret. Here we introduce a novel approach based on agonist‐induced internalization of a neuronal G protein‐coupled receptor widely distributed in the mammalian brain, the somatostatin receptor type 2 (SST2).MethodsThe clinically approved SST2 agonist octreotide (1 kDa), when injected intraperitoneally does not cross an intact BBB. At sites of BBB permeability, however, OCT extravasates and induces SST2 internalization from the neuronal membrane into perinuclear compartments. This allows an unambiguous localization of increased BBB permeability by classical immunohistochemical procedures using specific antibodies against the receptor.ResultsWe first validated our approach in sensory circumventricular organs which display permissive vascular permeability. Through SST2 internalization, we next monitored BBB opening induced by magnetic resonance imaging‐guided focused ultrasound in murine cerebral cortex. Finally, we proved that after intraperitoneal agonist injection in pregnant mice, SST2 receptor internalization permits analysis of BBB integrity in embryos during brain development.ConclusionsThis approach provides an alternative and simple manner to assess BBB dysfunction and development in different physiological and pathological conditions.
E‐portfolios and Entrustable Professional Activities to support competency‐based education in dietetics
Authors: Bramley Andrea Louise , Thomas Colleen J , Mc Kenna Lisa , Itsiopoulos Catherine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe concept of Entrustable Professional Activities, recently pioneered in medical education, has emerged to support the implementation of competency‐based education. Although competency‐based frameworks are widely used in healthcare professional education to develop outcomes‐based curricula, assessment of student competency in professional placement settings remains challenging. The novel concept of Entrustable Professional Activities together with established methods of competency assessment, namely e‐portfolios and self‐assessment, was implemented in the “[La Trobe University Dietetic program in 2015–2016. This study aimed to appraise the e‐portfolio and evaluate the use of Entrustable Professional Activities to assess competence. A mixed‐methods evaluation, using qualitative and quantitative surveys with follow‐up structured consultations, was conducted with final year dietetics students and their supervisors. Dietetics students were comfortable with Entrustable Professional Activities and competency‐based assessment, whereas supervisors preferred Entrustable Professional Activity based assessment. All stakeholders valued student self‐assessment and the ongoing use of structured e‐portfolios to develop and document competency. The use of structured e‐portfolios, student self‐assessment, and the emerging concept of Entrustable Professional Activities are useful tools to support dietetics student education in professional placement settings.
The ABI4‐RbohD/VTC2 regulatory module promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation to decrease seed germination under salinity stress
Authors: Luo Xiaofeng , Dai Yujia , Zheng Chuan , Yang Yingzeng , Chen Wei , Wang Qichao , Chandrasekaran Umashankar , Du Junbo , Liu Weiguo , Shu Kai 
Published: September 2020

Summary

Salinity stress enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by activating the transcription of NADPH oxidase genes such as RbohD, thus mediating plant developmental processes, including seed germination. However, how salinity triggers the expression of ROS‐metabolism‐related genes and represses seed germination has not yet been fully addressed.

In this study, we show that Abscisic Acid‐Insensitive 4 (ABI4), a key component in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, directly combines with RbohD and Vitamin C Defective 2 (VTC2), the key genes involved in ROS production and scavenging, to modulate ROS metabolism during seed germination under salinity stress.

Salinity‐induced ABI4 enhances RbohD expression by physically interacting with its promoter, and subsequently promotes ROS accumulation, thus resulting in cell membrane damage and a decrease in seed vigor. Additional genetic evidence indicated that the rbohd mutant largely rescues the salt‐hypersensitive phenotype of ABI4 overexpression seeds. Consistently, the abi4/vtc2 double mutant showed the salt‐sensitive phenotype, similar to the vtc2 mutant, suggesting that both RbohD and VTC2 are epistatic to ABI4 genetically.

Altogether, these results suggest that the salt‐induced RbohD transcription and ROS accumulation is dependent on ABI4, and that the ABI4‐RbohD/VTC2 regulatory module integrates both ROS metabolism and cell membrane integrity, ultimately repressing seed germination under salinity stress.
The potential threat of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Rothan Hussin A. , Byrareddy Siddappa N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) during the COVID‐19 pandemic raised a global alert from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Health Alert Network. The main manifestations of MIS‐C (also known as pediatric MIS (PMIS)) in the setting of a severe inflammatory state include fever, diarrhea, shock, and variable presence of rash, conjunctivitis, extremity edema, and mucous membrane changes. In some cases, these symptoms progressed to multi‐organ failure. The low percentage of children with asymptomatic cases compared with mild illness and moderate illness could be correlated with the rare cases of MIS‐C. One potential explanation for the progression to severe MIS‐C disease despite the presence of readily detectable anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies could be due to the potential role of antibody‐dependent enhancement (ADE). We reason that the incidence of the ADE phenomenon whereby the pathogen‐specific antibodies can promote pathology should be considered in vaccine development against SARS‐CoV‐2.
Towards doubling fibre yield for cotton in the semiarid agricultural area by increasing tolerance to drought, heat and salinity simultaneously
Authors: Esmaeili Nardana , Cai Yifan , Tang Feiyu , Zhu Xunlu , Smith Jennifer , Mishra Neelam , Hequet Eric , Ritchie Glen , Jones Don , Shen Guoxin , Payton Paxton , Zhang Hong 
Published: September 2020

SummaryAbiotic stresses such as extreme temperatures, water‐deficit and salinity negatively affect plant growth and development, and cause significant yield losses. It was previously shown that co‐overexpression of the Arabidopsis vacuolar pyrophosphatase gene AVP1 and the rice SUMO E3 ligase gene OsSIZ1 in Arabidopsis significantly increased tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses and led to increased seed yield for plants grown under single or multiple abiotic stress conditions. It was hypothesized that there might be synergistic effects between AVP1 overexpression and OsSIZ1 overexpression, which could lead to substantially increased yields if these two genes are co‐overexpressed in real crops. To test this hypothesis, AVP1 and OsSIZ1 were co‐overexpressed in cotton, and the impact of OsSIZ1/AVP1 co‐overexpression on cotton's performance under normal growth and multiple stress conditions were analysed. It was found that OsSIZ1/AVP1 co‐overexpressing plants performed significantly better than AVP1‐overexpressing, OsSIZ1‐overexpressing and wild‐type cotton plants under single, as well as under multiple stress conditions in laboratory and field conditions. Two field studies showed that OsSIZ1/AVP1 co‐overexpressing plants produced 133% and 81% more fibre than wild‐type cotton in the dryland conditions of West Texas. This research illustrates that co‐overexpression of AVP1 and OsSIZ1 is a viable strategy for engineering abiotic stress‐tolerant crops and could substantially improve crop yields in low input or marginal environments, providing a solution for food security for countries in arid and semiarid regions of the world.
Total hip replacement in dogs with contralateral pelvic limb amputation: A retrospective evaluation of 13 cases
Authors: Gifford Amy B. , Lotsikas Peter J. , Liska William D. , Israel Sarah K. , Rochat Mark C. , Saunders W. Brian , Guiot Laurent P. , Marcellin‐Little Denis J. , Benjamino Kevin P. , Dyce Jonathan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report the clinical characteristics, surgical management, and medium‐term outcomes of total hip replacement (THR) performed in dogs with previous contralateral pelvic limb amputation.AnimalsThirteen client‐owned dogs.Study designMulti‐institutional retrospective clinical study.MethodsData recorded from medical records included signalment, indication for amputation and THR, and surgical complications. Implant positioning and complications were assessed on radiographs. Clinical outcomes were evaluated during follow‐up examinations by one of the authors and through a mobility‐ and lifestyle‐based questionnaire completed by owners.ResultsAll 13 dogs had satisfactory clinical results at follow‐up a median of 3 months (range, 2‐36) after THR. No postoperative luxation was recorded. Four dogs had minor complications that did not require additional treatment. The only major complication was one failure of osseointegration of a cementless acetabular cup, and it was successfully revised.ConclusionTotal hip replacement resulted in satisfactory clinical results and acceptable morbidity in this population.Clinical significanceTotal hip replacement should be considered in dogs with severe coxofemoral joint disease and contralateral pelvic limb amputation.
Antibody reactivity with new antigens revealed in multi‐transgenic triple knockout pigs may cause early loss of pig kidneys in baboons
Authors: Ariyoshi Yuichi , Takeuchi Kazuhiro , Pomposelli Thomas , Ekanayake‐Alper Dilrukshi K. , Shimizu Akira , Boyd Lennan , Estime Ermance , Ohta Mayu , Asfour Arsenoi , Scott Arn J. , Ayares David , Lorber Marc , Sykes Megan , Sachs David , Yamada Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent advances in gene editing technology have enabled the production of multi‐knockout (KO) and transgenic pigs in order to overcome immunologic barriers in xenotransplantation (XTx). However, the genetic manipulations required to produce these changes may have the unintended consequence of producing or revealing neoantigens reactive with natural antibodies present in baboons. In this study, we examined whether the neoantigens that develop in multi‐transgenic (mTg) GalT, Cytidine monophospho‐N‐acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH), β‐1,4‐N‐acetyl‐galactosaminyl transferase 2 (B4) KO pigs can cause rejection of xenografts in baboons.MethodsFive baboons that had <35% cytotoxicity against GalT‐KO peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a pre‐screening assay received pig kidneys and vascularized thymic grafts (VT + K) from multi‐transgenic hCD47, human thrombomodulin (hTBM), human endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) with/without hCD46 and hCD55 with GalT‐KO/NeuGC‐KO/B4‐KO (mTg Tri‐KO) swine. In order to further examine the effects of anti‐donor non‐Gal natural antibody (nAb), anti‐pig preformed IgM and IgG nAb binding against the GalT‐KO PBMCs was compared with the donor‐type PBMCs using donor pretransplant sera as well as 5 additional naïve baboon sera by flow cytometric analysis.ResultsFive baboons that received VT + K grafts had stable renal function in the first 11 days (serum creatinine < 1.5 mg/dL). Two of the five baboons had higher binding of preformed IgG to mTg Tri‐KO PBMCs than to GalT‐KO PBMCs (mTg Tri‐KO > GalT‐KO), and they rejected their grafts at POD 20. In contrast, the other three baboons demonstrated either mTg Tri‐KO = GalT‐KO or mTg Tri‐KO < GalT‐KO, and they maintained renal function 43, 52, and 154 days without rejection. Among 10 baboon sera, two had less antibody binding against PBMCs that were syngeneic to the mTg Tri‐KO than against GalT‐KO PBMCs (mTg Tri‐KO < GalT‐KO); three had similar binding to mTg Tri‐KO and GalT‐KO PBMCs (mTg Tri‐KO = GalT‐KO); and five had higher binding to m Tg Tri‐KO than to GalT‐KO PBMCs (mTg Tri‐KO > GalT‐KO).ConclusionsThese data suggest that neoantigens associated with mTg Tri‐KO promote acute xenograft rejection in a pig‐to‐baboon VT + K XTx model. The screening assays may be useful to select “safe” recipients to receive mTg Tri‐KO kidneys.
Does the first hour of continuous electroencephalography predict neonatal seizures?
Authors: Macdonald-Laurs Emma , Sharpe Cynthia , Nespeca Mark , Rismanchi Neggy , Gold Jeffrey J , Kuperman Rachel , Wang Sonya , Lee Ngoc Minh D , Michelson David J , Haas Richard , Reed Peter , Davis Suzanne L 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveProlonged continuous video-electroencephalography (cEEG) is recommended for neonates at risk of seizures. The cost and expertise required to provide a real-time response to detected seizures often limits its utility. We hypothesised that the first hour of cEEG could predict subsequent seizures.Design and settingRetrospective multicentre diagnostic accuracy study.Patients266 term neonates at risk of seizure or with suspected seizures.InterventionThe first hour of cEEG was graded by expert and novice interpreters as normal, mildly, moderately or severely abnormal; seizures were identified.Main outcome measuresAssociation between abnormalities in the first hour of cEEG and the presence of seizures during total cEEG monitoring.Results50/98 (51%) of neonates who developed seizures had their first seizure in the first hour of cEEG monitoring. The ‘time-to-event’ risk of seizure from 0 to 96 hours was 0.38 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.44) while the risk in the first hour was 0.19 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.24). cEEG background was normal in 48% of neonates, mildly abnormal in 30%, moderately abnormal in 13% and severely abnormal in 9%. Inter-rater agreement for determination of background was very good (weighted kappa=0.81, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.91). When neonates with seizures during the first hour were excluded, an abnormal background resulted in 2.4 times increased risk of seizures during the subsequent monitoring period (95% CI 1.3 to 4.4, p<0.003) while a severely abnormal background resulted in a sevenfold increased risk (95% CI 3.4 to 14.3, p<0.0001).ConclusionsThe first hour of cEEG in at-risk neonates is useful in identifying and predicting whether seizures occur during cEEG monitoring up to 96 hours. This finding enables identification of high-risk neonates who require closer observation.
Hepatorenal syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Simonetto Douglas A , Gines Pere , Kamath Patrick S 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTHepatorenal syndrome (HRS), the extreme manifestation of renal impairment in patients with cirrhosis, is characterized by reduction in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Hepatorenal syndrome is diagnosed when kidney function is reduced but evidence of intrinsic kidney disease, such as hematuria, proteinuria, or abnormal kidney ultrasonography, is absent. Unlike other causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), hepatorenal syndrome results from functional changes in the renal circulation and is potentially reversible with liver transplantation or vasoconstrictor drugs. Two forms of hepatorenal syndrome are recognized depending on the acuity and progression of kidney injury. The first represents an acute impairment of kidney function, HRS-AKI, whereas the second represents a more chronic kidney dysfunction, HRS-CKD (chronic kidney disease). In this review, we provide critical insight into the definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of hepatorenal syndrome.
Caribbean Consortium for Research in Environmental and Occupational Health (CCREOH) Cohort Study: influences of complex environmental exposures on maternal and child health in Suriname
Authors: Zijlmans Wilco , Wickliffe Jeffrey , Hindori-Mohangoo Ashna , MacDonald-Ottevanger Sigrid , Ouboter Paul , Landburg Gwendolyn , Codrington John , Roosblad Jimmy , Baldewsingh Gaitree , Ramjatan Radha , Gokoel Anisma , Abdoel Wahid Firoz , Fortes Soares Lissa , Alcala Cecilia , Boedhoe Esther , Grünberg Antoon W , Hawkins William , Shankar Arti , Harville Emily , Drury S S , Covert Hannah , Lichtveld Maureen 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe Caribbean Consortium for Research in Environmental and Occupational Health prospective environmental epidemiologic cohort study addresses the impact of chemical and non-chemical environmental exposures on mother/child dyads in Suriname. The study determines associations between levels of environmental elements and toxicants in pregnant women, and birth outcomes and neurodevelopment in their children.ParticipantsPregnant women (N=1143) were enrolled from December 2016 to July 2019 from three regions of Suriname: Paramaribo (N=738), Nickerie (N=204) and the tropical rainforest interior (N=201). Infants (N=992) were enrolled at birth. Follow-up will take place until children are 48 months old.Findings to dateBiospecimens and questionnaire data on physiological and psychosocial health in pregnant women have been analysed. 39.1% had hair mercury (Hg) levels exceeding values considered safe by international standards. Median hair Hg concentrations in women from Paramaribo (N=522) were 0.64 µg/g hair (IQRs 0.36–1.09; range 0.00–7.12), from Nickerie (N=176) 0.73 µg/g (IQR 0.45–1.05; range 0.00–5.79) and the interior (N=178) 3.48 µg/g (IQR 1.92–7.39; range 0.38–18.20). 96.1% of women ate fish, respective consumption of the three most consumed carnivorous species,Hoplias aimara,Serrasalmus rhombeusandCichla ocellaris,known to have high Hg levels, was 44.4%, 19.3% and 26.3%, respectively, and was greater among the interior subcohort. 89% frequently consumed the vegetable tannia, samples of which showed presence of worldwide banned pesticides. 24.9% of pregnant women had Edinburgh Depression Scale scores indicative of probable depression.Future plansFish consumption advisories are in development, especially relevant to interior women for whom fish consumption is likely to be the primary source of Hg exposure. Effects of potentially beneficial neuroprotective factors in fish that may counter neurotoxic effects of Hg are being examined. A pesticide literacy assessment in pregnant women is in progress. Neurodevelopmental assessments and telomere length measurements of the children to evaluate long-term effects of prenatal exposures to toxicant mixtures are ongoing.
Factors associated with thrombocytopenia in patients with dengue fever: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Castilho Bruna M , Silva Marcus T , Freitas André R R , Fulone Izabela , Lopes Luciane Cruz 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveSome patients with dengue fever tend to develop thrombocytopenia during the course of infection and are thus vulnerable to haemorrhagic manifestations and other complications. However, the factors associated with the development of thrombocytopenia are unknown. We aimed to identify factors associated with an increased risk of thrombocytopenia and haematological changes in patients with confirmed dengue fever.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingBrazilian multicentre primary care databases.Participants387 patients had positive laboratory serological confirmation of dengue infection during 2014. The data were identified from two databases: Notification of Injury Information System (SINAN) and Municipal Laboratory.Main outcome measureThe presence of thrombocytopenia (platelet count <1 50×109/L). The associations of factors that predisposed patients to thrombocytopenia and haematological changes were analysed using logistic regression. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated.ResultsAmong 387 patients, 156 had both dengue and thrombocytopenia. The risk factors associated with thrombocytopenia included male sex (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.16 to 2.71, p=0.007), age of 46–64 years (OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.15 to 4.21, p=0.009) or ≥65 years (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.40 to 6.50, p=0.002), presence of leucopenia (OR: 6.85, 95% CI: 4.27 to 10.99, p<0.001) and high mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) levels (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.29 to 3.12, p=0.005).ConclusionOlder age, male sex, presence of leucopenia and high MCH levels were identified as risk factors associated with the development of thrombocytopenia in this population.