bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thromboelastographic Assessment of Fibrinolytic Activity in Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Single-Center Observational Study
Authors: Arnolds David E. , Scavone Barbara M. 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:
Postpartum hemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal mortality. Antifibrinolytic therapy has the potential to influence outcomes in postpartum hemorrhage, but the incidence of elevated fibrinolytic activity in postpartum hemorrhage is unknown.

METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed thromboelastography (TEG) results obtained for postpartum hemorrhage from 118 deliveries at The University of Chicago. TEG results were obtained as part of our postpartum hemorrhage protocol when blood loss exceeded 500 mL after vaginal delivery or 1000 mL after cesarean delivery. Our primary outcome was the incidence of elevated fibrinolytic activity, which we predefined as clot lysis ≥3% at 30 minutes (Ly30) on kaolin TEG. Platelet-mediated clot retraction can also lead to an elevated Ly30 on kaolin TEG. Therefore, to distinguish between fibrinolysis and clot retraction, we evaluated clot lysis using functional fibrinogen TEG, which contains a platelet inhibitor. We considered a kaolin TEG Ly30 ≥3% in conjunction with a nonzero functional fibrinogen TEG Ly30 suggestive of elevated fibrinolytic activity. We also recorded quantitative blood loss, primary etiology of hemorrhage, standard laboratory measurements of coagulation, and demographic and obstetric characteristics of the study population.

RESULTS:
The median kaolin TEG Ly30 was 0.2% (interquartile range: 0%–0.8%). Fifteen of 118 women (12.7%; 95% confidence interval, 7.9%–19.9%) had kaolin TEG Ly30 values ≥3%. Of 15 patients with elevated Ly30 values, functional fibrinogen TEG Ly30 was available for 13, of which none demonstrated detectable clot lysis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our observation that none of the patients in our sample with kaolin TEG Ly30 values ≥3% had a nonzero functional fibrinogen TEG Ly30 value suggests that the observed elevations in kaolin TEG Ly30 may have been secondary to platelet-mediated clot retraction as opposed to fibrinolysis. Platelet-mediated clot retraction should be distinguished from fibrinolysis when assayed using viscoelastic techniques in postpartum hemorrhage. Further research is necessary to determine the optimal methods to assess fibrinolytic activity in postpartum hemorrhage.
La vigilancia de la salud en España: ¿necesidades de mejora?
Authors: Terradillos García María Jesús 
Published: April 2020

La Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) define la vigilancia de la salud en el trabajo como la recopilación, el análisis, la interpretación y la difusión continuada y sistemática de datos a efectos de la prevención, y comprende tanto la vigilancia de la salud de los trabajadores (vigilancia de la salud individual) como la del medio ambiente de trabajo (vigilancia de la salud colectiva), siendo las actividades de vigilancia de la salud individual fundamentalmente de carácter diagnóstico-preventivo, orientadas a la detección precoz de posibles daños derivados del trabajo, mientras que las de nivel colectivo son de carácter epidemiológico.
Uno de los instrumentos de los que se vale la Medicina del Trabajo es precisamente esta vigilancia de la salud, que permite evaluar, controlar y realizar un seguimiento de la repercusión de las condiciones de trabajo sobre la salud de la población trabajadora. Se trata, pues, de una técnica complementaria de las utilizadas por el resto de disciplinas de prevención de riesgos laborales ­­–Seguridad, Higiene y Ergonomía y Psicosociología– por lo que no tiene sentido su consideración como instrumento aislado de prevención: ha de integrarse en las políticas de prevención globales de la empresa…
Energy losses and fluorescent efficiency of RhB-doped polymer microfibers via optical waveguiding excitation
Authors: Li Mengjie , Zhang Yaping , Zhang Xining , Dai Hao , Liu Juan , Yu Hang , She Linlin , Liu Yongshuai , Liang Dingxin , Wu Zhijun , Pu Jixiong 
Published: April 2020

We demonstrate the dependencies of energy losses and fluorescent efficiencies on doping concentrations for rhodamine B (RhB)-doped polymer microfibers (PMFs) under optical waveguiding excitation. Compared with the four doping concentration groups (2.0 mg/g, 2.4 mg/g, 2.8 mg/g, and 3.2 mg/g), the 2.4 mg/g concentration group has the largest energy loss rates (

∼

0.102

d
B

/

µ

m

and

∼

0.036

d
B

/

µ

m

for the excitation light and the fluorescence, respectively) and the highest fluorescence ratio at the coupling point. Further analysis demonstrates that the fluorescent emitting efficiency at the output end is approximately exponentially decaying with the propagation distance. The fluorescent emitting efficiency is also related to the doping concentration, which obtains the optimal fluorescent propagation effect at the doped PMF with a concentration of 2.8 mg/g. This work may provide a helpful reference for waveguiding circuit integration and active device design based on dye-doped micro/nanofibers.
X-ray phase contrast imaging of spherical capsules
Authors: Fourmaux S. , Hallin E. , Krol A. , Bourgade J. L. , Kieffer J. C. 
Published: April 2020

We demonstrate that a laser-based synchrotron X-ray source can be used to image and characterize in a single laser shot spherical capsules similar to ICF targets. Thus, we establish this source potential for real-time ultrafast imaging of the ICF laser driver interaction with the target. To produce the X-ray beam we used a 160 TW high power laser system with 3.2 J and 20 fs incident on a supersonic gas jet target at 2.5 Hz repetition rate. We produced 2.7 × 109 photons/0.1% BW/sr/shot at 10 keV with a critical energy E
c
= 15.1 keV. In our experimental conditions the spatial resolution was 4.3 μm in the object plane. We show that it is feasible to image the capsule structure and experimentally retrieve the phase information.
Diamond optical vortex generator processed by ultraviolet femtosecond laser
Authors: Gao Si , Li Ze-Zheng , Hu Zhi-Yong , Yu Feng , Chen Qi-Dai , Tian Zhen-Nan , Sun Hong-Bo 
Published: April 2020

We propose a precise diamond micromachining method based on ultraviolet
femtosecond laser direct writing and a mixed acid heating chemical
treatment. The chemical composition of the attached clusters generated
during laser ablation and their effects on morphologies were
investigated in experiments. The averaged roughness of pristine and
processed regions reduced to 0.64 nm and 9.4 nm from 20.5 nm and
37.4 nm, respectively. With this method, spiral zone plates (SZPs)
were inscribed on a high-pressure high-temperature diamond surface as
micro-optical vortex generators. The optical performances of the
diamond SZPs were characterized in both experiments and simulations,
which were very consistent with each other. This chemical auxiliary
processing method will contribute greatly to the wide application of
integration and miniaturization of diamond surface optical
components.
Pulse-to-pulse spectral noise in a spontaneous parametric down conversion light source
Authors: A. S. Ashik , Tidemand-Lichtenberg Peter , Rodenko Olga , Pedersen Christian 
Published: April 2020

The presence of pronounced chemical signatures of several important molecules and gases in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral region has enabled numerous spectroscopic applications in diverse fields such as environmental monitoring and the life sciences. This has motivated the development of new, efficient light sources and detectors in this spectral region. In this work, we report on the development and characterization of a simple, low-cost, tunable mid-IR light source, covering the 1.45 µm to 3.5 µm spectral region, based on spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) in MgO doped periodically poled lithium niobate (MgO:PPLN). The spectral coverage can be easily extended to 5 µm simply by choosing a crystal with an appropriate poling period. A low repetition rate, passively

Q

-switched laser provides high-energy pump pulses at 1.03 µm for the SPDC source, resulting in the generation of signal and idler fields. The source is characterized in terms of pulse-to-pulse spectral stability of the generated signal field. Interestingly, a high pulse-to-pulse energy stability does not necessarily lead to high spectral stability. Pulse-to-pulse spectral stability is measured at different pump pulse energies, showing improved spectral stability when operated well above the SPDC threshold.
Observation of spatial self-phase modulation induced via two competing mechanisms
Authors: Xiao Si , Zhang Yu , Ma Ying , Wang Yiduo , He Yilin , Zhang Jingdi , Jiang Yongqiang , Li Xiaohong , Yang Ruixin , He Jun , Wang Yingwei 
Published: April 2020

Two spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) patterns were observed in suspensions of

B
i

2

T
e
S
e

2

nanosheets. Two mechanisms were found to produce SSPM with different occurrence times and power dependence. The Type I (narrow) rings are attributed to the coherent third-order nonlinear optical Kerr effect, which induces self-diffraction in 2D materials, and the Type II (wide) rings are assigned to the contribution of a thermal effect. The nonlinear refractive index of

B
i

2

T
e
S
e

2

is found to be

2.30

×

10

−
5

c
m

2

W

−
1

at 700 nm. The findings described here provide an explanation for the formation of rings in 2D systems due to SSPM.
Improved performance of pure red perovskite light-emitting devices based on CsPb(Br1-xIx)3 with variable content of iodine and bromine
Authors: Guo Shuang , Liu Yue-Feng , Liu Yu-Shan , Feng Jing , Sun Hong-Bo 
Published: April 2020

All-inorganic cubic

α

−

C
s
P
b
I

3

perovskite for red perovskite light-emitting device (PeLED) applications is suffering from a phase transition. Unstable black

α

phase tends to transit to yellow

δ

phase under ambient conditions, which results in poor performance of the

C
s
P
b
I

3

-based PeLEDs. Partial replacement of iodine anion with a comparatively smaller bromine anion in the perovskite film can effectively adjust the Goldschmidt tolerance factor and stabilize the

α

-phase. A phase-stable

C
s
P
b

(

B
r

1
−
x

I

x

)
3

perovskite has been obtained at low annealing temperature of 50°C by tuning the iodine-to-bromine ratios. A PeLED with pure red emission based on the

C
s
P
b

(

B
r

0.43

I

0.57

)
3

perovskite has been demonstrated. The maximum luminance and efficiency were

2200

c
d

/

m

2

and 0.38 cd/A, respectively. Moreover, the PTAA layer was introduced between the PEDOT:PSS and perovskite film to improve the surface morphologies of perovskite. As a result, red PeLEDs with a maximum luminance of

2765

c
d

/

m

2

have been achieved.
In vivo label-free two-photon excitation autofluorescence microscopy of microvasculature using a 520 nm femtosecond fiber laser
Authors: Wu Ting , Liao Jiuling , Yu Jia , Gao Yufeng , Li Hui , Wu Jiarui , Xia Xianyuan , Shi Kebin , Zheng Wei 
Published: April 2020

Observing microvasculature in its native environment provides invaluable information to understand the initiation and development of microcirculatory related diseases. However, the lack of a high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging technique hinders in vivo investigation of the microvasculature. Recently, we found that the red blood cells can emit autofluorescence signals with short-wavelength two-photon excitation. In this study, we exploited this property and developed a time-resolved two-photon excitation microscopy system using a homemade 520 nm femtosecond fiber laser as the excitation source. Using this system, we could achieve intravital high-resolution 3D imaging of a microvascular network noninvasively. In a mouse tumor model, tumorous blood vessels could be observed and distinguished clearly from the normal vessels.
Use of Fecal Microbial Transplantation for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Colitis
Authors: Fasanello Micaela K. , Robillard Kevin T. , Boland Patrick M. , Bain Andrew J. , Kanehira Kazunori 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can result in immune-related adverse events which require rapid identification and treatment. Gastrointestinal immune-related adverse events are among the most frequent and severe of these events. ICI colitis can be refractory to current therapies such as corticosteroids and biologic therapy. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is currently used in cases of recurrent Clostridioides difficile colitis. Many investigations are underway to test the utility of FMT for additional indications, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We present a 71-year-old man with ICI colitis that was nonresponsive to currently defined management options and treated with benefit from FMT.
Putting teacher evaluation systems on the map: An overview of states' teacher evaluation systems post–Every Student Succeeds Act
Authors: Close Kevin , Amrein-Beardsley Audrey , Collins Clarin 
Published: April 2020

The Every Students Succeeds Act (ESSA) loosened the federal policy grip over states’ teacher accountability systems. We present information, collected via surveys sent to state department of education personnel, about all states’ teacher evaluation systems post–ESSA, while also highlighting differences before and after ESSA. We found that states have decreased their use of growth or value-added models (VAMs) within their teacher evaluation systems. In addition, many states are offering more alternatives for measuring the relationships between student achievement and teacher effectiveness besides using test score growth. State teacher evaluation plans also contain more language supporting formative teacher feedback. States are also allowing districts to develop and implement more unique teacher evaluation systems, while acknowledging challenges with states’ being able to support varied systems, as well as incomparable data across schools and districts in effect.
One Thing Leads to Another: Anticipating Visual Object Identity Based on Associative-Memory Templates
Authors: Boettcher Sage E.P. , Stokes Mark G. , Nobre Anna C. , van Ede Freek 
Published: April 2020

Probabilistic associations between stimuli afford memory templates that guide perception through proactive anticipatory mechanisms. A great deal of work has examined the behavioral consequences and human electrophysiological substrates of anticipation following probabilistic memory cues that carry spatial or temporal information to guide perception. However, less is understood about the electrophysiological substrates linked to anticipating the sensory content of events based on recurring associations between successive events. Here, we demonstrate behavioral and electrophysiological signatures of using associative-memory templates to guide perception, while equating spatial and temporal anticipation (experiments 1 and 2), as well as target probability and response demands (experiment 2). By recording the electroencephalogram in the two experiments (N= 55; 24 females), we show that two markers in human electrophysiology implicated in spatial and temporal anticipation also contribute to the anticipation of perceptual identity, as follows: attenuation of alpha-band oscillations and the contingent negative variation (CNV). Together, our results show that memory-guided identity templates proactively impact perception and are associated with anticipatory states of attenuated alpha oscillations and the CNV. Furthermore, by isolating object–identity anticipation from spatial and temporal anticipation, our results suggest a role for alpha attenuation and the CNV in specific visual content anticipation beyond general changes in neural excitability or readiness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTProbabilistic associations between stimuli afford memory templates that guide perception through proactive anticipatory mechanisms. The current work isolates the behavioral benefits and electrophysiological signatures of memory-guided identity-based anticipation, while equating anticipation of space, time, motor responses, and task relevance. Our results show that anticipation of the specific identity of a forthcoming percept impacts performance and is associated with states of attenuated alpha oscillations and the contingent negative variation, extending previous work implicating these neural substrates in spatial and temporal preparatory attention. Together, this work bridges fields of attention, memory, and perception, providing new insights into the neural mechanisms that support complex attentional templates.
Membrane-Associated α-Tubulin Is Less Acetylated in Postmortem Prefrontal Cortex from Depressed Subjects Relative to Controls: Cytoskeletal Dynamics, HDAC6, and Depression
Authors: Singh Harinder , Chmura Justyna , Bhaumik Runa , Pandey Ghanshyam N. , Rasenick Mark M. 
Published: April 2020

Cytoskeletal proteins and post-translational modifications play a role in mood disorders. Post-translational modifications of tubulin also alter microtubule dynamics. Furthermore, tubulin interacts closely with Gαs, the G-protein responsible for activation of adenylyl cyclase. Postmortem tissue derived from depressed suicide brain showed increased Gαsin lipid-raft domains compared with normal subjects. Gαs, when ensconced in lipid rafts, couples less effectively with adenylyl cyclase to produce cAMP, and this is reversed by antidepressant treatment. A recentin vitrostudy demonstrated that tubulin anchors Gαsto lipid rafts and that increased tubulin acetylation (due to HDAC6 inhibition) and antidepressant treatment decreased the proportion of Gαscomplexed with tubulin. This suggested that deacetylated-tubulin might be more prevalent in depression. This study examined tubulin acetylation in whole-tissue homogenate, plasma membrane, and lipid-raft membrane domains in tissue from normal control subjects, depressed suicides, and depressed nonsuicides (human males/females). While tissue homogenate showed no changes in tubulin acetylation between control, depressed suicides, and depressed nonsuicides, plasma membrane-associated tubulin showed significant decreases in acetylation from depressed suicides and depressed nonsuicides compared with controls. No change was seen in expression of the enzymes responsible for tubulin acetylation or deacetylation. These data suggest that, during depression, membrane-localized tubulin maintains a lower acetylation state, permitting increased sequestration of Gαsin lipid-raft domains, where it is less likely to couple to adenylyl cyclase for cAMP production. Thus, membrane tubulin may play a role in mood disorders, which could be exploited for diagnosis and treatment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThere is little understanding about the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of depression and, in severe cases, suicide. Evidence for the role of microtubule modifications in progression of depressive disorders is emerging. These postmortem data provide strong evidence for membrane tubulin modification leading to reduced efficacy of the G protein, Gαs, in depression. This study reveals a direct link between decreased tubulin acetylation in human depression and the increased localization of Gαsin lipid-raft domains responsible for attenuated cAMP signaling. The evidence presented here suggest a novel diagnostic and therapeutic locus for depression.
Application of Civil Law Theory In the Termination of Custody of Adopted Children in Indonesia
Authors: Rezki Annissa , Anggraeni RR Dewi , Yunus Nur Rohim 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:Today there are so many couples who have long been married, but have not been blessed with a child in married life. In Indonesia, so many believe that one of the efforts to get a child is by inducement, which is presenting a foster child to give a provocation to a couple who do not have children to be immediately given offspring. Most of them raised their own family, others lifted children from other people who are not family, and even raised children from orphanages whose origins are unclear. From this the legal protection of the adopted child is needed in order to obtain guarantees and a decent life. This study will discuss how legal protection, the criteria for terminating custody of adopted children, and inheritance rights will be obtained. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with a normative approach.Keywords: foster children, child protection, civil lawAbstrak:Zaman sekarang begitu banyaknya pasangan yang sudah lama menikah, namun belum dikaruniai seorang anak dalam kehidupan berumah tangga. Di Indonesia begitu banyak yang percaya bahwa salah satu upaya untuk mendapatkan seorang anak adalah dengan pancingan, yaitu menghadirkan seorang anak asuh untuk memberikan pancingan kepada pasangan yang belum memiliki anak agar segera diberikan keturunan. Sebagian besar ada yang mengangkat dari pihak keluarga sendiri, ada juga yang mengangkat anak dari orang lain yang bukan keluarga, bahkan mengangkat anak dari panti asuhan yang tidak jelas asal usulnya. Dari hal tersebut diperlukan perlindungan hukum terhadap anak yang diangkat tersebut agar mendapat jaminan dan kehidupan yang layak. Dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas bagaimana perlindungan hukum, kriteria pemutusan hak asuh anak angkat, dan hak waris yang akan didapatkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan normatif.Kata kunci : anak asuh, perlindungan anak, hukum perdata
Морфофункціональні особливості Pinus sylvestris L. у лісостанах борів Малого Полісся
Authors: Zaika Volodymyr , Rudenko Anatoliy 
Published: April 2020

Досліджували формування та морфофізіологічні особливості функціонування 27-145-річних соснових деревостанів природного насінного походження, які ростуть в сухих, свіжих, вологих, сирих і мокрих борах Малого Полісся. Встановлено, що Pinus sylvestris L. в борах Малого Полісся росте за V-І класами бонітету. Переважно тут формуються чисті соснові деревостани. Однак у складі близько половини деревостанів трапляється також Betula pendula Roth., частка якої коливається від поодиноких екземплярів до 10%. Вона характеризується істотним відставання за ростом від сосни, яке за висотою становить 22,1-78,9%, а за діаметром – 17,4-70,1%. Повнота деревостанів природного походження, не залежно від віку, коливається в межах 0,50-0,93.
Найкращі умови для росту і функціонування P. sylvestris серед борових типів лісу складаються в свіжих і вологих борах. У цих умовах сосна характеризується найвищою продуктивністю. Вона формує хвою, яка за морфолого-анатомічними показниками та вмістом пластидних пігментів найбільшою мірою наближена до генетично-зумовленого рівня. В сирих борах виявлено істотне погіршення стану P. sylvestris, яке проявляється у зниженні інтенсивності росту дерев, зменшенні морфолого-анатомічних показників хвої та біосинтезу зелених і жовтих пігментів. Встановлено, що серед молодняків істотно вищими середньоденними показниками біоелектричних потенціалів характеризується сосна в сухих і свіжих борах. У середньовікових і пристиглих деревостанах виявлено істотне зниження біоелектричної активності сосни в сухих і свіжих борах та зростання – у вологих, сирих і мокрих. У молодняків, середньовікових і пристиглих деревостанів простежується достатньо чітке зростання показників імпедансу і зменшення поляризаційної ємності зі збільшенням вологості ґрунту. Найменш сприятливі умови для життєдіяльності P. sylvestris складаються в мокрому борі. Найбільш чутливими до зміни умов зволоження в борах виявились довжина, площа перетину і поверхні хвої, вміст хлорофілів і діелектричні показники.