bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mismatch between poor fetal growth and rapid postnatal weight gain in the first 2 years of life is associated with higher blood pressure and insulin resistance without increased adiposity in childhood: the GUSTO cohort study
Authors: Ong Yi Ying , Sadananthan Suresh Anand , Aris Izzuddin M , Tint Mya Thway , Yuan Wen Lun , Huang Jonathan Y , Chan Yiong Huak , Ng Sharon , Loy See Ling , Velan Sendhil S , Fortier Marielle V , Godfrey Keith M , Shek Lynette , Tan Kok Hian , Gluckman Peter D , Yap Fabian , Choo Jonathan Tze Liang , Ling Lieng Hsi , Tan Karen , Chen Li , Karnani Neerja , Chong Yap-Seng , Eriksson Johan G , Wlodek Mary E , Chan Shiao-Yng , Lee Yung Seng , Michael Navin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Using longitudinal ultrasounds as an improved fetal growth marker, we aimed to investigate if fetal growth deceleration followed by rapid postnatal weight gain is associated with childhood cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in a contemporary well-nourished population.

Methods
We defined fetal growth deceleration (FGD) as ultrasound-measured 2nd-3rd-trimester abdominal circumference decrease by ≥0.67 standard deviation score (SDS) and rapid postnatal weight gain (RPWG) as 0–2-year-old weight increase by ≥0.67 SDS. In the GUSTO mother-offspring cohort, we grouped 797 children into four groups of FGD-only (14.2%), RPWG-only (23.3%), both (mismatch, 10.7%) or neither (reference, 51.8%). Adjusting for confounders and comparing with the reference group, we tested associations of these growth groups with childhood cardiometabolic biomarkers: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measured abdominal fat (n = 262), liver fat (n = 216), intramyocellular lipids (n = 227), quantitative magnetic resonance-measured overall body fat % (BF%) (n = 310), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (n = 323), arterial wall thickness (n = 422) and stiffness (n = 443), and blood pressure trajectories (ages 3–6 years).

Results
Mean±SD birthweights were: FGD-only (3.11 ± 0.38 kg), RPWG-only (3.03 ± 0.37 kg), mismatch (2.87 ± 0.31 kg), reference (3.30 ± 0.36 kg). FGD-only children had elevated blood pressure trajectories without correspondingly increased BF%. RPWG-only children had altered body fat partitioning, higher BF% [BF = 4.26%, 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.34, 6.19)], HOMA-IR 0.28 units (0.11, 0.45)] and elevated blood pressure trajectories. Mismatch children did not have increased adiposity, but had elevated ectopic fat, elevated HOMA-IR [0.29 units (0.04,0.55)] and the highest blood pressure trajectories. Associations remained even after excluding small-for-gestational-age infants from analyses.

Conclusions
Fetal growth deceleration coupled with rapid postnatal weight gain was associated with elevated childhood cardiometabolic risk biomarkers without correspondingly increased BF%.
Weighted Voting-Based Effective Free-Viewing Attention Prediction On Web Image Elements
Authors: Vidyapu Sandeep , Vedula Vijaya Saradhi , Bhattacharya Samit 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuantifying and predicting the user attention on web image elements finds applications in synthesis and rendering of elements on webpages. However, the majority of the existing approaches either overlook the visual characteristics of these elements or do not incorporate the users’ visual attention. Especially, obtaining a representative quantified attention (for images) from the attention allocation of multiple users is a challenging task. Toward overcoming the challenge for free-viewing attention, this paper introduces four weighted voting strategies to assign effective visual attention (fixation index (FI)) for web image elements. Subsequently, the prominent image visual features in explaining the assigned attention are identified. Further, the association between image visual features and the assigned attention is modeled as a multi-class prediction problem, which is solved through support vector machine-based classification. The analysis of the proposed approach on real-world webpages reveals the following: (i) image element’s position, size and mid-level color histograms are highly informative for the four weighting schemes; (ii) the presented computational approach outperforms the baseline for four weighted voting schemes with an average accuracy of 85% and micro F1-score of 60%; and (iii) uniform weighting (same weight for all FIs) is adequate for estimating the user’s initial attention while the proportional weighting (weight the FI in proportion to its likelihood of occurrence) extends to the latter attention prediction.
Prevalence and molecular characteristics of DNA mismatch repair deficient endometrial cancer in a Japanese hospital-based population
Authors: Yamamoto Azusa , Yamaguchi Tatsuro , Suzuki Okihide , Ito Tetsuya , Chika Noriyasu , Kamae Nao , Tamaru Jun-ichi , Nagai Tomonori , Seki Hiroyuki , Arai Tomio , Tachikawa Tetsuhiko , Akagi Kiwamu , Eguchi Hidetaka , Okazaki Yasushi , Ishida Hideyuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence and molecular characteristics of defective DNA mismatch repair endometrial cancers in the Japanese population have been underexplored. Data supporting clinical management of patients with Lynch-like syndrome and germline variant of uncertain significance of mismatch repair genes are still lacking.MethodsImmunohistochemistry of mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2) was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections prepared from resected primary endometrial cancers in 395 women with a median age of 59 years. Genetic and/or epigenetic alterations of the mismatch repair genes were also investigated.ResultsLoss of expression of one or more mismatch repair proteins was observed in 68 patients (17.2%). A total of 17 out of 68 patients (25%, 4.3% of all cases) were identified as candidates for genetic testing for Lynch syndrome after excluding 51 patients with MLH1 hypermethylated cancer. Fourteen of these 17 patients subjected to genetic testing were found to have Lynch syndrome (n = 5), germline variant of uncertain significance (n = 2) or Lynch-like syndrome (n = 7). Compared with patients with Lynch syndrome, those with germline variant of uncertain significance and Lynch-like syndrome tended to demonstrate an older age at the time of endometrial cancer diagnosis (P = 0.07), less fulfillment of the revised Bethesda guidelines (P = 0.09) and lower prevalence of Lynch syndrome-associated tumors in their first-degree relatives (P = 0.01).ConclusionsThis study provides useful information for management in patients with DNA mismatch repair endometrial cancer. Specifically, cancer surveillance as recommended in patients with Lynch syndrome might not be necessary in patients with germline variant of uncertain significance and Lynch-like syndrome and their relatives.
N-hydroxypipecolic acid: a general and conserved activator of systemic plant immunity
Authors: Guerra Tiziana , Romeis Tina 
Published: July 2020

This article comments on:
Schnake A, Hartmann M, Schreiber S, Malik J, Brahmann L, Yildiz I, von Dahlen J, Rose LE, Schaffrath U, Zeier J. 2020. Inducible biosynthesis and immune function of the systemic acquired resistance inducer N-hydroxypipecolic acid in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 6444–6459.
Metre as a stylometric feature in Latin hexameter poetry
Authors: Nagy Benjamin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article demonstrates that metre is a privileged indicator of authorial style in classical Latin hexameter poetry. Using only metrical features, classification experiments are performed between the works of six authors using four different machine-learning models. The results showed a pairwise classification accuracy of at least 90% with samples as small as ten lines and no greater than seventy-five lines (up to around 500 words). In a multiclass setting, classification accuracy exceeded 95% for all four algorithms when using eighty-one-line chunks. These sample sizes are an order of magnitude smaller than those typically recommended for BOW (‘bag of words’) or n-gram approaches, and the reported accuracy is outstanding. Additionally, this article explores the potential for outlier (forgery) detection, or ‘one-class classification’. As an example, analysis of the disputed Aldine Additamentum (Sil. Ital. Pun. 8:144–223) concludes (P &lt; 0.0001) that the metrical style differs significantly from that of the rest of the poem.
Damped Ly α absorbers and atomic hydrogen in galaxies: the view of the GAEA model
Authors: Di Gioia Serafina , Cristiani Stefano , De Lucia Gabriella , Xie Lizhi 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Using the GAEA semi-analytic model, we analyse the connection between Damped Ly α systems (DLAs) and H i in galaxies. Our state-of-the-art semi-analytic model is tuned to reproduce the local galaxy H i mass function, and that also reproduces other important galaxy properties, including the galaxy mass–gas metallicity relation. To produce catalogues of simulated DLAs we throw 105 random lines of sight in a composite simulated volume: dark matter haloes with log$(\frac{M_{200}}{ {\rm M}_{\odot }}) \ge 11.5$ are extracted from the Millennium Simulation, while for $9.2 \le \log (\frac{M_{200}}{ \mathrm{M}_{\odot }})\lt 11.5$ we use the Millennium II, and for $8 \le \log (\frac{M_{200}}{\mathrm{M}_{\odot }}) \lt 9.2$ a halo occupation distribution model. At 2 &lt; z &lt; 3, where observational data are more accurate, our fiducial model predicts the correct shape of the column density distribution function, but its normalization falls short of the observations, with the discrepancy increasing at higher redshift. The agreement with observations is significantly improved increasing both the H i masses and the disc radii of model galaxies by a factor of 2, as implemented ‘a posteriori’ in our 2M−2R model. In the redshift range of interest, haloes with $M_{200} \ge {10}^{11} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ give the major contribution to ΩDLA, and the typical DLA host halo mass is $\sim \!{10}^{11} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. The simulated DLA metallicity distribution is in relatively good agreement with observations, but our model predicts an excess of DLAs at low metallicities. Our results suggest possible improvements for the adopted modelling of the filtering mass and metal ejection in low-mass haloes.
Precision measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant
Authors: Xue Chao , Liu Jian-Ping , Li Qing , Wu Jun-Fei , Yang Shan-Qing , Liu Qi , Shao Cheng-Gang , Tu Liang-Cheng , Hu Zhong-Kun , Luo Jun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Newtonian gravitational constant G, which is one of the most important fundamental physical constants in nature, plays a significant role in the fields of theoretical physics, geophysics, astrophysics and astronomy. Although G was the first physical constant to be introduced in the history of science, it is considered to be one of the most difficult to measure accurately so far. Over the past two decades, eleven precision measurements of the gravitational constant have been performed, and the latest recommended value for G published by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) is (6.674 08 ± 0.000 31) × 10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2 with a relative uncertainty of 47 parts per million. This uncertainty is the smallest compared with previous CODATA recommended values of G; however, it remains a relatively large uncertainty among other fundamental physical constants. In this paper we briefly review the history of the G measurement, and introduce eleven values of G adopted in CODATA 2014 after 2000 and our latest two values published in 2018 using two independent methods.
Artificial Intelligence Platform Demonstrates High Adherence in Patients Receiving Fixed-Dose Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir: A Pilot Study
Authors: Litwin Alain H , Shafner Laura , Norton Brianna , Akiyama Matthew , Agyemang Linda , Guzman Mercedes , Vera Tatiana , Heo Moonseong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study evaluated health outcomes among people who inject drugs infected with hepatitis C virus using an artificial intelligence platform. Mean (SD) cumulative adherence (visual confirmation of administration) was 91.3% (SD=10.5%). Most subjects (88.2%) achieved ≥ 80% adherence to treatment and 88.2% (15 of 17) achieved a sustained virologic response.
Management of Sigmoid Sinus Injury: Retrospective Study of 450 Consecutive Surgeries in the Cerebellopontine Angle and Intrapetrous Region
Authors: Matsushima Ken , Kohno Michihiro , Tanaka Yujiro , Nakajima Nobuyuki , Ichimasu Norio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The sigmoid sinus is the biggest obstacle when approaching the posterior fossa and temporal bone. Adequate sinus exposure is required to obtain a sufficient operative field, but sinus injury is a potentially life-threatening complication.

OBJECTIVE
To present our experience of sigmoid sinus injury and its management during surgeries in the cerebellopontine angle and intrapetrous region, with operative videos.

METHODS
A total of 450 consecutive surgeries (385 retrosigmoid and 65 transmastoid approaches) over a 4-yr period were retrospectively investigated, focusing on sigmoid sinus injury, its repair technique, and long-term patency of the sinus.

RESULTS
Pinhole-sized bleedings were controlled sufficiently by bipolar coagulation or fibrin glue-soaked hemostatic fabric. For lacerations of smaller than 3 mm, the sinus wall was reconstructed by suturing. For larger or unsuturable holes, patching a Gore-Tex membrane on a fibrin glue sheet (without any suturing) was used for the reconstruction. Hemostatic agents were not used for large lacerations to avoid any potential risks of delayed sinus occlusion. Major sinus injury requiring suturing or Gore-Tex patching occurred in 13 cases (2.9%). The bleeding was immediately controlled without sinus clamping, and surgery was not discontinued owing to the injury in any of them. The patients had no postoperative symptoms associated with sinus injury. In all the reconstructed sinuses, patency was confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging at the final follow-up.

CONCLUSION
Sigmoid sinus injury can be well managed with long-term patency by utilizing different repair techniques. Initial safe and adequate exposure around the injury site was essential for all of these repair procedures.
Experimental study of (p, 2p) reactions at 392 MeV on 12C, 16O, 40Ca and 208Pb nuclei leading to low-lying states of residual nuclei
Authors: Noro Tetsuo , Wakasa Tomotsugu , Ishida Takashi , Yoshida Hidetomo P , Dozono Masahiro , Fujimura Hisako , Fujita Kunihiro , Hatanaka Kichiji , Ishikawa Takatsugu , Itoh Masatoshi , Kamiya Junichiro , Kawabata Takahiro , Maeda Yoshikazu , Matsubara Hiroaki , Nakamura Masanobu , Sakaguchi Harutaka , Sakemi Yasuhiro , Shimizu Yohei , Takeda Hiroyuki , Tameshige Yuji , Tamii Atsushi , Tamura Keisuke , Terashima Satoru , Uchida Makoto , Yasuda Yusuke , Yosoi Masaru 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We have measured the differential cross-sections and analyzing powers for ($p,2p$) reactions at an incident energy of 392 MeV on $^{12}$C, $^{16}$O, $^{40}$Ca, and $^{208}$Pb nuclei, leading to discrete states of the residual nuclei. The data are compared with two kinds of distorted-wave impulse approximation (DWIA) calculations, a standard calculation using a global optical potential and a calculation using wave functions generated in a relativistic Hartree model. The spectroscopic factors deduced from these two calculations agree with those determined in ($e,e'p$) studies mostly within 15% in the case of the lighter three target nuclei. However, those for the $^{208}$Pb target are overestimated compared with the ($e,e'p$) results. In the heavy target case, the DWIA results are very sensitive to the radius parameter of the bound-state potential and thus a careful treatment is required. Regarding the analyzing powers of the present measurement, we confirmed that the $j$-dependence is sufficient for practical spectroscopic use.
Proper effective temperature of nonequilibrium steady state
Authors: Hoshino Hironori , Nakamura Shin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We define a proper effective temperature for relativistic nonequilibrium steady states (NESSs). A conventional effective temperature of NESSs is defined from the ratio of the fluctuation to the dissipation. However, NESSs have relative velocities to the heat bath in general, and hence the conventional effective temperature can be frame-dependent in relativistic systems. The proper effective temperature is introduced as a frame-independent (Lorentz-invariant) quantity that characterizes NESSs. We find that the proper effective temperature of NESSs is higher than the proper temperature of the heat bath in a wide range of holographic models even when the conventional effective temperature is lower than the temperature of the heat bath.
Contributions of Health Professions Students to Health System Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Potential Strategies and Process for U.S. Medical Schools
Authors: Long Nathaniel , Wolpaw Daniel R. , Boothe David , Caldwell Catherine , Dillon Peter , Gottshall Lauren , Koetter Paige , Pooshpas Pardis , Wolpaw Terry , Gonzalo Jed D. 
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic poses an unprecedented challenge to U.S. health systems, particularly academic health centers (AHCs) that lead in providing advanced clinical care and medical education. No phase of AHC efforts is untouched by the crisis, and medical schools, prioritizing learner welfare, are in the throes of adjusting to suspended clinical activities and virtual classrooms. While health professions students are currently limited in their contributions to direct clinical care, they remain the same smart, innovative, and motivated individuals who chose a career in health care and who are passionate about contributing to the needs of people in troubled times. The groundwork for operationalizing their commitment has already been established through the identification of value-added, participatory roles that support learning and professional development in health systems science (HSS) and clinical skills. This pandemic, with rapidly expanding workforce and patient care needs, has prompted a new look at how students can contribute. At the Penn State College of Medicine, staff and student leaders formed the COVID-19 Response Team to prioritize and align student work with health system needs. Starting in mid-March 2020, the authors used qualitative methods and content analysis of data collated from several sources to identify 4 categories for student contributions: the community, the health care delivery system, the workforce, and the medical school. The authors describe a nimble coproduction process that brings together all stakeholders to facilitate work. The learning agenda for these roles maps to HSS competencies, an evolving requirement for all students. The COVID-19 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to harness the capability of students to improve health.
Other AHCs may find this operational framework useful both during the COVID-19 pandemic and as a blueprint for responding to future challenges that disrupt systems of education and health care in the United States.
A student made MOOC for medical students during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Moreno David Fabian Ramirez 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundLatin America was one of the last regions of the world to become affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. As a response to the emergency virtual education was implemented in almost every country of the region.Methodsa massive open online course about epilepsy was made using only free software and platforms following the international league against epilepsy competence-based domains for epileptology teaching.Results250 healthcare students signed up for the course and only 17.2% of them had previously participated in courses like this one. This course had a completion rate of 37.2% and of the students that completed the course 98.3% would participate in course like this in the future.ConclusionIn conclusion MOOCs can be easily implemented as a powerful pedagogic strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic and can have a positive impact not only in in its proposed learning objectives but it can help closing the gap that prevent Latin American healthcare students to acquire actively knowledge trough them.Personal, Professional, and Institutional Social Network accountsFacebook:https://www.facebook.com/davidfabianrmFacebook:https://www.facebook.com/Grupo-de-Investigaci%C3%B3n-en-Epidemiolog%C3%ADa-Cl%C3%ADnica-de-Colombia-GRECO-107921290887449Discussion PointsHow can a student made MOOC impact Latin American medical students?Can a student made MOOC encourage medical students to use and discover new educational online offers?COVID-19 pandemic can be a good time to improve the academy using new technologies and pedagogic strategies.MOOCs can become a powerful tool for learning and teaching worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic.MOOCs are an attractive tool for teaching and learning during the social distancing caused by COVID-19.
High-throughput fetal-fraction amplification increases analytical performance of noninvasive prenatal screening
Authors: Welker Noah C. , Lee Albert K. , Kjolby Rachel A.S. , Wan Helen Y. , Theilmann Mark R. , Jeon Diana , Goldberg James D. , Haas Kevin R. , Muzzey Dale , Chu Clement S. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTPurposeThe percentage of a maternal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sample that is fetal-derived (the fetal fraction; FF) is a key driver of the sensitivity and specificity of noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS). On certain NIPS platforms, >20% of women with high body-mass index (and >5% overall) receive a test failure due to low FF (<4%).MethodsA scalable fetal-fraction amplification (FFA) technology was analytically validated on 1,264 samples undergoing whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-based NIPS. All samples were tested with and without FFA.ResultsZero samples had FF<4% when screened with FFA, whereas 1 in 25 of these same patients had FF<4% without FFA. The average increase in FF was 3.9-fold for samples with low FF (2.3-fold overall) and 99.8% had higher FF with FFA. For all abnormalities screened on NIPS, z-scores increased 2.2-fold on average in positive samples and remained unchanged in negative samples, powering an increase in NIPS sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionsFFA transforms low-FF samples into high-FF samples. By combining FFA with WGS-based NIPS, a single round of NIPS can provide nearly all women with confident results about the broad range of potential fetal chromosomal abnormalities across the genome.