bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Light–Matter Interaction in 10B Monoisotopic Boron Nitride Infrared Nanoresonators
Authors: Autore Marta , Dolado Irene , Li Peining , Esteban Ruben , Alfaro‐Mozaz Francisco Javier , Atxabal Ainhoa , Liu Song , Edgar James H. , Vélez Saül , Casanova Fèlix , Hueso Luis E. , Aizpurua Javier , Hillenbrand Rainer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhonon‐polaritons, mixed excitations of light coupled to lattice vibrations (phonons), are emerging as a powerful platform for nanophotonic applications. This is because of their ability to concentrate light into extreme sub‐wavelength scales and because of their longer phonon lifetimes compared to their plasmonic counterparts. In this work, the infrared properties of phonon‐polaritonic nanoresonators made of monoisotopic 10B hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) are explored, a material with increased phonon‐polariton lifetimes compared to naturally abundant h‐BN due to reduced photon scattering from randomly distributed isotopes. An average relative improvement of 50% of the quality factor of monoisotopic h‐BN nanoresonators is obtained with respect to nanoresonators made of naturally abundant h‐BN, allowing for the sensing of nanometric‐thick films of molecules through both surface‐enhanced absorption spectroscopy and refractive index sensing. Further, even strong coupling between molecular vibrations and the phonon‐polariton resonance in monoisotopic h‐BN ribbons can be achieved.
A Modular Fluorescent Probe for Viscosity and Polarity Sensing in DNA Hybrid Mesostructures
Authors: Ludwanowski Simon , Samanta Avik , Loescher Sebastian , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Walther Andreas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere exists a critical need in biomedical molecular imaging and diagnostics for molecular sensors that report on slight changes to their local microenvironment with high spatial fidelity. Herein, a modular fluorescent probe, termed StyPy, is rationally designed which features i) an enormous and tunable Stokes shift based on twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) processes with no overlap, a broad emission in the far‐red/near‐infrared (NIR) region of light and extraordinary quantum yields of fluorescence, ii) a modular applicability via facile para‐fluoro‐thiol reaction (PFTR), and iii) a polarity‐ and viscosity‐dependent emission. This renders StyPy as a particularly promising molecular sensor. Based on the thorough characterization on the molecular level, StyPy reports on the viscosity change in all‐DNA microspheres and indicates the hydrophilic and hydrophobic compartments of hybrid DNA‐based mesostructures consisting of latex beads embedded in DNA microspheres. Moreover, the enormous Stokes shift of StyPy enables one to detect multiple fluorophores, while using only a single laser line for excitation in DNA protocells. The authors anticipate that the presented results for multiplexing information are of direct importance for advanced imaging in complex soft matter and biological systems.
Elderly musculoskeletal disease burden in Karachi, Pakistan: Associations and implications for developing countries
Authors: Sabzwari Saniya , Fatmi Zafar , Khan Adeel Ahmed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe global rise in the older population has increased the rates of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, conditions that impact mobility and functionality. There is limited data on musculoskeletal disease in older populations residing in developing countries.MethodsA community‐based study using multistage cluster random sampling of older individuals was conducted in Karachi. Predefined criteria were used for osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Gait assessment was performed.ResultsMore than half of the participants were females and 53% reported illiteracy. Around 30% had osteoporosis and two‐thirds had osteoarthritis. Multivariate analysis showed associations of female sex, Pashtun ethnicity, illiteracy, and hypertension with the combined variable of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.ConclusionsThe prevalence of osteoarthritis was higher than in other regional studies. Presence of both osteoporosis and osteoarthritis increased the risk of certain geriatric syndromes. High rates of musculoskeletal morbidity are seen in the elderly in Pakistan. Measures at a health‐system level are required for better outcomes in older adults.
Effects of blend composition on the morphologies and physical properties of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene blends
Authors: Seo Jae Sik , Jeon Ho Tak , Han Tae Hee 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe morphologies and physical properties of twin‐screw‐extruded polycarbonate/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (PC/ABS) blends with various blend ratios are studied. The needle‐like co‐continuous phase in PC‐rich blends changes to the sea‐island phase for blend ratios of more than 50 wt% ABS. While pure PC exhibits an almost‐Newtonian flow behavior, PC/ABS blends exhibit the interesting rheological transition. The viscosities of the ABS‐rich blends at low shear rates are almost equal to those of the pure ABS polymer. The yield stress for the PC/ABS blend ratio of 3:7 is the highest in composition. At the frequency of 10 rad/s, the PC‐rich blends exhibit highly viscous properties, whereas the ABS‐rich blends present highly elastic properties as the temperature increases. Moreover, the ABS polymer in the PC/ABS polymer blend induces significant change at the fracture surface of PC, transitioning from brittle to ductile nature.
Optimization and modeling of the performance of polydimethylsiloxane for pervaporation of ethanol−water mixture
Authors: Zentou Hamid , Abidin Zurina Zainal , Yunus Robiah , Biak Dayang Radiah Awang , Issa Mohammed Abdullah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResponse surface methodology was used to optimize the performance of pervaporation of ethanol aqueous solution using polydimethylsiloxane hollow‐fiber membrane. The effects of four operating conditions, that is, the feed temperature (30–50°C), the feed flow rate (10–50 L/h), ethanol concentration (5–20 wt%), and the vacuum pressure (10–50 KPa) on the membrane selectivity and the total flux of permeation were investigated with response surface methodology. The results showed that a quadratic model was suggested for both selectivity and total flux showing a high accuracy with R2 = 0.9999 and 0.9995, respectively. The developed models indicated a significant effect of the four studied factors on both selectivity and total flux with some significant interactions between these factors. The optimum selectivity was 15.56, achieved for a feed temperature of 30°C, feed flow rate of 10 L/h, ethanol concentration of 15 wt%, and a permeate pressure of 10.74 KPa whereas the optimum total flux was 1833.66 g/m2.h was observed for at a feed temperature of 50°C, a feed flow rate of 50 L/h, ethanol concentration of 15 wt%, and a permeate pressure of 49.38 KPa.
CRISPR/Cas12a‐mediated CHO genome engineering can be effectively integrated at multiple stages of the cell line generation process for bioproduction
Authors: Schweickert Patrick G. , Wang Ning , Sandefur Stephanie L. , Lloyd Michael E. , Konieczny Stephen F. , Frye Christopher. C. , Cheng Zhuo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMost biopharmaceuticals produced today are generated using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, therefore significant attention is focused on methods to improve CHO cell productivity and product quality. The discovery of gene‐editing tools, such as CRISPR/Cas9, offers new opportunities to improve CHO cell bioproduction through cell line engineering. Recently an additional CRISPR‐associated protein, Cas12a (Cpf1), was shown to be effective for gene editing in eukaryotic cells, including CHO. In this study, we demonstrate the successful application of CRISPR/Cas12a for the generation of clonally derived CHO knockout (KO) cell lines with improved product quality attributes. While we found Cas12a efficiency to be highly dependent on the targeting RNA used, we were able to generate CHO KO cell lines using small screens of only 96–320 clonally derived cell lines. Additionally, we present a novel bulk culture analysis approach that can be used to quickly assess CRISPR RNA efficiency and determine ideal screen sizes for generating genetic KO cell lines. Most critically, we find that Cas12a can be directly integrated into the cell line generation process through cotransfection with no negative impact on titer or screen size. Overall, our results show CRISPR/Cas12a to be an efficient and effective CHO genome editing tool.
Determination of the risk propagation path of cascading faults in chemical material networks based on complex networks
Authors: Wang Zheng , Hu Yiyi , Dong Ran , Jia Xiaoping , Wang Fang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn a chemical material network, a small fault is easy to spread and cause serious consequences, which is the embodiment of a complex network cascading fault. In order to ensure the safety and stability of chemical production, it is necessary to study the cascading fault propagation of a chemical material network. Firstly, the chemical material network model is constructed, and the SR algorithm is used to identify the important nodes in the network, which is the basis for selecting attack nodes. Secondly, the fault propagation strength is defined by the fault propagation probability and material hazard degree. The fault propagation probability is calculated by constructing the load cascading fault model of nodes. Based on the rough set theory and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the index weights of flammability and explosiveness, toxicity, and corrosiveness are calculated to get the material hazard degree. Finally, based on the fault propagation strength, the risk propagation path of cascading fault is obtained by the ant colony algorithm. The case analysis shows that the proposed method can find the risk propagation path of cascading faults in material networks in the chemical production process, which provides certain basis for cascading fault prevention, selection of key monitoring variables, and risk assessment.
Predicting 90 day acute heart failure readmission and death using machine learning‐supported decision analysis
Authors: Sarijaloo FarnazBabaie , Park Jaeyoung , Zhong Xiang , Wokhlu Anita 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReadmission or death soon after heart failure (HF) admission is a significant problem. Traditional analyses for predicting such events often fail to consider the gamut of characteristics that may contribute– tending to focus on 30‐day outcomes even though the window of increased vulnerability may last up to 90 days. Risk assessments incorporating machine learning (ML) methods may be better suited than traditional statistical analyses alone to sort through multitude of data in the electronic health record (EHR) and identify patients at higher risk.HypothesisML‐based decision analysis may better identify patients at increased risk for 90‐day acute HF readmission or death after incident HF admission.Methods and ResultsAmong 3189 patients who underwent index HF hospitalization, 15.2% experienced primary or acute HF readmission and 11.5% died within 90 days. For risk assessment models, 98 variables were considered across nine data categories. ML techniques were used to help select variables for a final logistic regression (LR) model. The final model's AUC was 0.760 (95% CI 0.752 to 0.767), with sensitivity of 83%. This proved superior to an LR model alone [AUC 0.744 (95% CI 0.732 to 0.755)]. Eighteen variables were identified as risk factors including dilated inferior vena cava, elevated blood pressure, elevated BUN, reduced albumin, abnormal sodium or bicarbonate, and NT pro‐BNP elevation. A risk prediction ML‐based model developed from comprehensive characteristics within the EHR can efficiently identify patients at elevated risk of 90‐day acute HF readmission or death for whom closer follow‐up or further interventions may be considered.
Young adult cancer caregivers' exposure to cancer misinformation on social media
Authors: Warner Echo L. , Waters Austin R. , Cloyes Kristin G. , Ellington Lee , Kirchhoff Anne C. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to describe young adult cancer caregivers' exposure to cancer misinformation on social media.MethodsEligible participants were 18 to 39 years old, used social media weekly, and cared for an adult patient with cancer diagnosed 6 months to 5 years before (N = 21). Recruitment occurred from August 2017 to June 2018 in person at oncology clinics and online. Semistructured telephone interviews were recorded and analyzed with grounded theory methods through 2 rounds of coding (κ = 0.88).ResultsCaregivers were on average 29.1 years old, female (76.2%), non‐Hispanic White (90.5%), college educated (57.1%), and caring for a spouse/partner (47.6%). Caregivers were exposed to a variety of cancer misinformation topics; some felt uncertain in their caregiving ability when confronted with cancer misinformation. Caregivers crosschecked online sources and consulted trusted individuals (eg, family, friends, and health care providers) to determine the quality of cancer‐related information and manage cancer misinformation.ConclusionsCancer misinformation on social media may influence caregiving behaviors and decision making. Whether caregivers correctly and consistently identify cancer misinformation on social media is unknown. Supporting digital literacy to mitigate cancer misinformation on social media may improve young cancer caregivers' access to credible cancer information.Lay Summary

Cancer misinformation on social media affects young adult cancer caregivers' perceptions of their social support network.

Caregivers differ in how they evaluate cancer information for quality and in how this information influences their health behaviors and caregiving decisions.
Practical model with strong interpretability and predictability: An explanatory model for individuals' destination prediction considering personal and crowd travel behavior
Authors: Zhao Juanjuan , Ye Jiexia , Xu Minxian , Xu Chengzhong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReal‐time individuals' destination prediction is of great significance for real‐time user tracking, service recommendation and other related applications. Traditional technology mainly used statistical methods based on the travel patterns mined from personal history travel data. However, it is not clear how to predict the destinations of individuals with only limited personal historical data. In this paper, taking the public transportation metro systems as example, we design a practical method called practical model with strong interpretability and predictability to predict each passenger's destination. Our main novelties are two aspects: (1) We propose to predict individuals' destination by combining personal and crowd behavior under certain context. (2) An explanatory model combining discrete choice model and neural network model is proposed to predict individuals' stochastic trip's destination, which can be applied to other transportation analysis scenarios about individuals' choice behavior such as travel mode choice or route choice. We validate our method based on extensive experiments, using smart card data collected by automatic fare collection system and weather data in Shenzhen, China. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach can achieve better performance than other baselines in terms of prediction accuracy.
Photocatalytic Oxidative [2+2] Cycloelimination Reactions with Flavinium Salts: Mechanistic Study and Influence of the Catalyst Structure
Authors: Hartman Tomáš , Reisnerová Martina , Chudoba Josef , Svobodová Eva , Archipowa Nataliya , Kutta Roger Jan , Cibulka Radek 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFlavinium salts are frequently used in organocatalysis but their application in photoredox catalysis has not been systematically investigated to date. We synthesized a series of 5‐ethyl‐1,3‐dimethylalloxazinium salts with different substituents in the positions 7 and 8 and investigated their application in light‐dependent oxidative cycloelimination of cyclobutanes. Detailed mechanistic investigations with a coumarin dimer as a model substrate reveal that the reaction preferentially occurs via the triplet‐born radical pair after electron transfer from the substrate to the triplet state of an alloxazinium salt. The very photostable 7,8‐dimethoxy derivative is a superior catalyst with a sufficiently high oxidation power (E*=2.26 V) allowing the conversion of various cyclobutanes (with Eox up to 2.05 V) in high yields. Even compounds such as all‐trans dimethyl 3,4‐bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)cyclobutane‐1,2‐dicarboxylate can be converted, whose opening requires a high activation energy due to a missing pre‐activation caused by bulky adjacent substituents in cis‐position.
Variability analysis of resistive ternary content addressable memories
Authors: Bahloul Mohamed A. , Fouda Mohammed E. , Barraj Imen , Masmoudi Mohamed 
Published: December 2020

SummaryResistive ternary content addressable memories (Re‐TCAMs) are considered a potential platform for in‐memory associative processing. Re‐TCAM permits the store and process of the data in the same physical area, allowing in‐memory computing. Given the unique properties of the non‐volatile memristive device, Re‐TCAM is capable of low search energy, large‐scale storage, and massively parallel processing. However, like any other semiconductor, memristor as a nanodevice suffers from fabrication process imperfections that provoke a significant variance in their high (RH) and low (RL) resistance states. These variations might lead to the malfunction of the Re‐TCAM array and affect its performance and reliability. This paper proposes a simplified mathematical formulation of the memristor state variability for 2T2M bit‐cell‐based Re‐TCAM array. We present a comprehensive statistical design, considering different circuit parameters and variance effects, such as tolerance of memristance variation, the memristor ratio (
), transistor technology, and memory width. The impact of these parameters on the performance is formulated as the probability of error is extensively studied, and a closed‐form expression for the optimal threshold voltage is derived. The utility of the presented investigation is illustrated using a design example with real device parameters.
Severe SARS‐CoV‐2 patients develop a higher specific T‐cell response
Authors: Demaret Julie , Lefèvre Guillaume , Vuotto Fanny , Trauet Jacques , Duhamel Alain , Labreuche Julien , Varlet Pauline , Dendooven Arnaud , Stabler Sarah , Gachet Benoit , Bauer Jules , Prevost Brigitte , Bocket Laurence , Alidjinou Enagnon Kazali , Lambert Marc , Yelnik Cécile , Meresse Bertrand , Dubuquoy Laurent , Launay David , Dubucquoi Sylvain , Montaigne David , Woitrain Eloise , Maggiotto François , Bou Saleh Mohamed , Top Isabelle , Elsermans Vincent , Jeanpierre Emmanuelle , Dupont Annabelle , Susen Sophie , Brousseau Thierry , Poissy Julien , Faure Karine , Labalette Myriam ,   the Lille Covid Research Network (LICORNE)
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesAssessment of the adaptive immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is crucial for studying long‐term immunity and vaccine strategies. We quantified IFNγ‐secreting T cells reactive against the main viral SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens using a standardised enzyme‐linked immunospot assay (ELISpot).MethodsOverlapping peptide pools built from the sequences of M, N and S viral proteins and a mix (MNS) were used as antigens. Using IFNγ T‐CoV‐Spot assay, we assessed T‐cell and antibody responses in mild, moderate and severe SARS‐CoV‐2 patients and in control samples collected before the outbreak.ResultsSpecific T cells were assessed in 60 consecutive patients (mild, n = 26; moderate, n = 10; and severe patients, n = 24) during their follow‐up (median time from symptom onset [interquartile range]: 36 days [28;53]). T cells against M, N and S peptide pools were detected in n = 60 (100%), n = 56 (93.3%), n = 55 patients (91.7%), respectively. Using the MNS mix, IFNγ T‐CoV‐Spot assay showed a specificity of 96.7% (95% CI, 88.5–99.6%) and a specificity of 90.3% (75.2–98.0%). The frequency of reactive T cells observed with M, S and MNS mix pools correlated with severity and with levels of anti‐S1 and anti‐RBD serum antibodies.ConclusionIFNγ T‐CoV‐Spot assay is a reliable method to explore specific T cells in large cohorts of patients. This test may become a useful tool to assess the long‐lived memory T‐cell response after vaccination. Our study demonstrates that SARS‐CoV‐2 patients developing a severe disease achieve a higher adaptive immune response.
Comprehensive phenotyping of endothelial cells using flow cytometry 2: Human
Authors: Grant Dillon , Wanner Nicholas , Frimel Matthew , Erzurum Serpil , Asosingh Kewal 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn vascular research, clinical samples and samples from animal models are often used together to foster translation of preclinical findings to humans. General concepts of endothelia and murine‐specific endothelial phenotypes were discussed in part 1 of this two part series. Here, in part 2, we present a comprehensive overview of human‐specific endothelial phenotypes. Pan‐endothelial cell markers, organ specific endothelial antigens, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping of blood‐borne endothelial cells are reviewed.
Macrocyclic sulfone derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro biological evaluation and molecular docking
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad , Latif Abdul , Ammara  , Ali Akbar , Ribeiro Alany Ingrid , Farooq Umar , Ullah Farhat , Khan Ajmal , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed , Ahmad Manzoor , Ali Mumtaz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn artificial series of macrocycles based on 4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol intermediate was synthesized using a multistep procedure involving oxidation of bisphenol sulfide, etherification of phenolic hydroxyl groups, and final ring closure with different diamines. Different chemical species having aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic characters were incorporated into macrocyclic frameworks in the final step of ring closure. This simple and easily executable synthetic strategy was applied to synthesize 15 macrocycles (5a‐o) in excellent yields. Characterization of the synthesized products was achieved through well‐known modern spectroscopic techniques such as IR, NMR, and Mass. Macrocycles 5m and 5n were found to show significant AChE inhibition with IC50 values of 76.9 ± 0.24 and 71.2 ± 0.77 μM, respectively. Macrocycle 5n was also found to be an active inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50 score of 55.3 ± 0.54 μM. Among others, macrocycle 5l cyclized with o‐phenylenediamine demonstrated moderate inhibition with IC50 value of 81.1 ± 0.54 μM. Increasing interest in studying interactions of macrocycles with different enzymatic targets compelled us to design and synthesize sulfone‐based macrocycles that might prove as highly potent class of biologically active compounds.