bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near‐Infrared‐Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells and Perovskite‐Based Tandem Photovoltaics
Authors: Kothandaraman Radha K. , Jiang Yan , Feurer Thomas , Tiwari Ayodhya N. , Fu Fan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained tremendous attention due to their high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and potential for low‐cost manufacturing. Their wide and tunable bandgap makes perovskites an ideal candidate for tandem solar cells (TSCs) with well‐established narrow bandgap photovoltaic technologies, such as crystalline silicon and Cu(In,Ga)Se2, to boost the PCEs beyond the Shockley–Queisser limit at affordable additional cost. Although perovskite‐based TSCs have shown rapid progress over the past few years, they are far from reaching their practical efficiency limit. In addition, technology commercialization needs to overcome several challenges such as processing upscalability and long‐term operational stability of solar modules. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the recent progress of perovskite‐based TSCs is provided and the key challenges in the field are discussed. First, the structural and optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskite materials and preparation methods of metal halide perovskite layers are introduced. Next, the important constituents of near‐infrared (NIR) transparent PSCs for achieving high efficiency along with high NIR transmittance are highlighted. Then the developments in perovskite‐based TSCs are reviewed, the limiting factors are outlined, and strategies to boost the efficiencies well beyond 30% are provided. Finally, the review is concluded by highlighting the bottlenecks for commercialization and providing an outlook for technology advancement.
Ultra‐Long Van Der Waals CdBr2 Micro/Nanobelts
Authors: Wang Fei , Jia Lemin , Ding Ying , Cai Haihuai , Zheng Wei , Huang Feng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecently, 1D van der Waals materials with appealing optoelectronic properties different from 2D layered materials have attracted widespread attention. However, the existing methods are incapable of growing the high‐quality and large‐size 1D van der Waals materials to a certain extent. Here, a new method of organic liquid phase synthesis followed by annealing is proposed, which overcomes the crystal size limitation caused by chemical vapor deposition and successfully synthesizes the high‐quality ultra‐long (millimeter level) van der Waals CdBr2 micro/nanobelts without being limited by substrate matching. The Raman tensor of CdBr2 with extremely high anisotropy is extracted, revealing the structure and physical properties of this van der Waals crystal. What is more, based on this material, the photodetectors with high responsivity are manufactured. Methodologically, compared with current methods, this work indicates the advantages of liquid phase synthesis in growing high‐quality, large‐size 1D van der Waals materials. It is believed that the method proposed in this paper can provide a noble perspective for the study of 1D van der Waals materials and arouse a lot of interest in the field of optoelectronics.
Firms’ heterogeneity, demand accumulating, and exchange rate pass‐through
Authors: Tan Yong , Zhao Chen Carol 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, we study how the export behaviors of new and incumbent exporters differentially respond to exchange rate shocks. We establish a dynamic model, in which new exporters strategically charge a lower price than incumbent exporters to grow their customer base and increase future sales. The model predicts that new exporters adjust their prices more aggressively relative to their incumbent counterparts in response to exchange rate fluctuations. Using a transaction‐level data set containing all Chinese exporters during the 2000–2009 period, we find supporting evidence for the model's predictions: new exporters adjust their price 1.5 times more than incumbent exporters. This, in turn, results in export quantities being less responsive to exchange rate shocks among new exporters. The result holds for a series of robustness checks. The findings imply that there are different degrees of exchange rate pass‐through among new and incumbent exporters.
Influence of Deer Hunting and Residual Stand Structure on Tree Regeneration in Deciduous Forests
Authors: Ward Jeffrey S. , Williams Scott C. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTChronically overabundant white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations have made it difficult to regenerate desirable woody species throughout much of their range in the eastern United States and southern Canada. Neither silvicultural prescriptions nor deer management alone have resulted in successful forest regeneration. We tallied woody stems (≥1 m tall, <10 cm diameter) on 62 hunted and 46 nonhunted forest stands throughout Connecticut, USA, during autumn 2015 to spring 2018; all stands had a timber regeneration harvest from 2–12 years prior to our study (2003–2016). Our objective was to examine the influence of the combination of deer management and residual stand structure on woody regeneration diversity, density, and composition. After accounting for the influence of stand structures over a range of residual basal areas from 0–23 m2/ha, we found that deer had a negative effect on regeneration diversity, density, and species composition. Moreover, we found that the combination of state‐regulated deer hunting and forest‐overstory removal resulted in greater woody‐plant regeneration rates with increased diversity. Stem densities of oak–hickory (Quercusspp.–Caryaspp.), maple (Acerspp.), and minor species, as well as combined species, were greater in hunted versus nonhunted stands, and in clearcuts as opposed to 2‐aged and shelterwood stands. American beech (Fagus grandifolia) and shrub species did not differ in stem density regardless of hunting or treatment prescription. Our study indicates that for properties where the management goal is to create dense vegetation with high tree, shrub, and herbaceous species diversity, managers should both encourage hunting to reduce pressure on browse‐sensitive species and leave as few postharvest residual trees as possible to maximize growing space for regeneration. A lack of deer harvest and overstory removal in southern New England resulted in low diversity vegetation dominated by lesser preferred species such as birch (Betulaspp.) or American beech. The use of hunting as a tool to relieve browsing pressure will improve both woody and herbaceous plant regeneration where light is not limited. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Was leisten ambulante Pflegehaushalte? Eine Befragung zu Eigenleistungen und finanziellen Aufwänden
Authors: Räker Miriam , Schwinger Antje , Klauber Jürgen 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die Mehrzahl der Pflegebedürftigen wird auch heute in der eigenen Häuslichkeit unter Einbindung unterschiedlicher Hilfen versorgt. Mit Hilfe einer Online-Befragung wurden rund 1.100 Hauptpflegepersonen zu den aufgebrachten finanziellen und zeitlichen Eigenleistungen befragt. Die Analysen zeigen auf, dass die ambulante Pflege maßgeblich durch die Hauptpflegeperson und weitere in die Pflege eingebundene Personen getragen wird. Es zeigt sich ein deutlicher Zusammenhang zwischen Belastungsfaktoren bezogen auf das Vorliegen einer Demenz sowie der Pflegeschwere und der selbst geleisteten Pflege und Betreuung. Privat aufgewendete finanzielle Mittel werden nur von jedem Vierten der Befragten angegeben. Diese privaten Aufwendungen sind ebenfalls bei Haushalten mit demenziell Erkrankten überdurchschnittlich hoch und steigen mit dem Pflegegrad an. Einkommen, Bildung oder Erwerbstätigkeit hingegen haben keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die privat aufgewendeten finanziellen Mittel. Wenn auch die Mehrzahl der Pflegehaushalte die Situation bewältigen kann, zeigen bis zu einem Viertel der Haushalte hohe Belastungswerte. Die Erhebung rückt damit Fragen nach gezielter Unterstützung und einem differenzierten Leistungszuschnitt in den Fokus.
The planar limit of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 superconformal quiver theories
Authors: Fiol Bartomeu , Martfnez-Montoya Jairo , Fukelman Alan Rios 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We compute the planar limit of both the free energy and the expectation value of the 1/2 BPS wilson loop for four dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal quiver theories, with a product of SU(N)s as gauge group and hi-fundamental matter. Supersymmetric localization reduces the problem to a multi-matrix model, that we rewrite in the zero­ instanton sector as an effective action involving an infinite number of double-trace terms, determined by the relevant extended Cartan matrix. We find that the results, as in the case of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs with a simple gauge group, can be written as sums over tree graphs. For the $$ \hat{A_1} $$

A
1

̂

case, we find that the contribution of each tree can be interpreted as the partition function of a generalized Ising model defined on the tree; we conjecture that the partition functions of these models defined on trees satisfy the Lee-Yang property, i.e. all their zeros lie on the unit circle.
Higher-derivative corrections to entropy and the weak gravity conjecture in Anti-de Sitter space
Authors: Cremonini Sera , Jones Callum R.T. , Liu James T. , McPeak Brian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We compute the four-derivative corrections to the geometry, extremality bound, and thermodynamic quantities of AdS-Reissner-Nordström black holes for general dimensions and horizon geometries. We confirm the universal relationship between the extremality shift at fixed charge and the shift of the microcanonical entropy, and discuss the consequences of this relation for the Weak Gravity Conjecture in AdS. The thermodynamic corrections are calculated using two different methods: first by explicitly solving the higher-derivative equations of motion and second, by evaluating the higher-derivative Euclidean on-shell action on the leading-order solution. In both cases we find agreement, up to the addition of a Casimir energy in odd dimensions. We derive the bounds on the four-derivative Wilson coefficients implied by the conjectured positivity of the leading corrections to the microcanonical entropy of thermodynamically stable black holes. These include the requirement that the coefficient of Riemann-squared is positive, meaning that the positivity of the entropy shift is related to the condition that c − a is positive in the dual CFT. We discuss implications for the deviation of η/s from its universal value and a potential lower bound.
Seeding Structures for a Community of Practice Focused on Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Implementing Across Disciplines and Waves
Authors: Penney Lauren S. , Homoya Barbara J. , Damush Teresa M. , Rattray Nicholas A. , Miech Edward J. , Myers Laura J. , Baird Sean , Cheatham Ariel , Bravata Dawn M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The Community of Practice (CoP) model represents one approach to address knowledge management to support effective implementation of best practices.

Objective
We sought to identify CoP developmental strategies within the context of a national quality improvement project focused on improving the quality for patients receiving acute transient ischemic attack (TIA) care.

Design
Stepped wedge trial.

Participants
Multidisciplinary staff at six Veterans Affairs medical facilities.

Interventions
To encourage site implementation of a multi-component quality improvement intervention, the trial included strategies to improve the development of a CoP: site kickoff meetings, CoP conference calls, and an interactive website (the “Hub”).

Approach
Mixed-methods evaluation included data collected through a CoP attendance log; semi-structured interviews with site participants at 6 months (n = 32) and 12 months (n = 30), and CoP call facilitators (n = 2); and 22 CoP call debriefings.

Key Results
The critical seeding structures that supported the cultivation of the CoP were the kickoffs which fostered relationships (key to the community element of CoPs) and provided the evidence base relevant to TIA care (key to the domain element of CoPs). The Hub provided the forum for sharing quality improvement plans and other tools which were further highlighted during the CoP calls (key to the practice element of CoPs). CoP calls were curated to create a positive context around participants’ work by recognizing team successes. In addition to improving care at their local facilities, the community created a shared set of tools which built on their collective knowledge and could be shared within and outside the group.

Conclusions
The PREVENT CoP advanced the mission of the learning healthcare system by successfully providing a forum for shared learning. The CoP was grown through seeding structures that included kickoffs, CoP calls, and the Hub. A CoP expands upon the learning collaborative implementation strategy as an effective implementation practice.
Haemoglobin and Hematinic Status Before and After Bariatric Surgery over 4 years of Follow-Up
Authors: Shipton Michael J. , Johal Nicholas J. , Dutta Neel , Slater Christopher , Iqbal Zohaib , Ahmed Babur , Ammori Basil J. , Senapati Siba , Akhtar Khurshid , Summers Lucinda K. M. , New John P. , Soran Handrean , Adam Safwaan , Syed Akheel A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Bariatric surgery is associated with deficiencies of vitamins and minerals, and patients are routinely advised supplements postoperatively. We studied prevalence of vitamin B12, folate and iron deficiencies and anaemia before and after bariatric surgery over 4 years of follow-up.

Materials and Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 353 people with obesity, including 257 (72.8%) women, who underwent gastric bypass (252, 71.4%) or sleeve gastrectomy (101, 28.6%) at our National Health Service bariatric centre in Northwest England.

Results
At baseline, mean (standard error) age was 46.0 (0.6) years, body mass index 53.1 (0.4) kg/m2, serum vitamin B12 400.2 (16.4) pg/L, folate 7.7 (0.2) μg/L, iron 12.0 (0.3) μmol/L, ferritin 118.3 (8.4) μg/L and haemoglobin 137.9 (0.8) g/L. Frequency of low vitamin B12 levels reduced from 7.5% preoperatively to 2.3% at 48 months (P < 0.038). Mean folate levels increased from baseline to 48 months by 5.3 μg/L (P < 0.001) but frequency of low folate levels increased from 4.7% preoperatively to 10.3% (P < 0.048). Ferritin levels increased from baseline to 48 months by 51.3 μg/L (P < 0.009). Frequency of low ferritin levels was greater in women (39.1%) than in men (8.9%) at baseline (P < 0.001) and throughout the study period. Haemoglobin was low in 4.6% of all patients at baseline with no significant change over the study period.

Conclusion
There were notable rates of haematinic insufficiencies in bariatric surgical candidates preoperatively. Our study lends further support to regular supplementation with vitamin B12, folic acid, and iron in people undergoing bariatric surgery.
Mechanical Support in Early Cardiogenic Shock: What Is the Role of Intra-aortic Balloon Counterpulsation?
Authors: Kimman Jesse R. , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Endeman Henrik , Brugts Jasper J. , Constantinescu Alina A. , Manintveld Olivier C. , Dubois Eric A. , den Uil Corstiaan A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe aim to summarize recent insights and provide an up-to-date overview on the role of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) counterpulsation in cardiogenic shock (CS).Recent FindingsIn the largest randomized controlled trial (RCT) of patients with CS after acute myocardial infarction (AMICS), IABP did not lower mortality. However, recent data suggest a role for IABP in patients who have persistent ischemia after revascularization. Moreover, in the growing population of CS not caused by acute coronary syndrome (ACS), multiple retrospective studies and one small RCT report on significant hemodynamic improvement following (early) initiation of IABP support, which allowed bridging of most patients to recovery or definitive therapies like heart transplant or a left ventricular assist device (LVAD).SummaryRoutine use of IABP in patients with AMICS is not recommended, but many patients with CS either from ischemic or non-ischemic cause may benefit from IABP at least for hemodynamic improvement in the short term. There is a need for a larger RCT regarding the role of IABP in selected patients with ACS, as well as in patients with non-ACS CS.
Treatment of sample under-representation and skewed heavy-tailed distributions in survey-based microsimulation: An analysis of redistribution effects in compulsory health care insurance in Switzerland
Authors: Schoch Tobias , Müller André 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe credibility of microsimulation modeling with the research community and policymakers depends on high-quality baseline surveys. Quality problems with the baseline survey tend to impair the quality of microsimulation built on top of the survey data. We address two potential issues that both relate to skewed and heavy-tailed distributions.First, we find that ultra-high-income households are under-represented in the baseline household survey. Moreover, the sample estimate of average income underestimates the known population average. Although the Deville–Särndal calibration method corrects the under-representation, it cannot achieve alignment of estimated average income in the right tail of the distribution with known population values without distorting the empirical income distribution. To overcome the problem, we introduce a Pareto tail model. With the help of the tail model, we can adjust the sample income distribution in the tail to meet the alignment targets. Our method can be a useful tool for microsimulation modelers working with survey income data.The second contribution refers to the treatment of an outlier-prone variable that has been added to the survey by record linkage (our empirical example is health care cost). The nature of the baseline survey is not affected by record linkage, that is, the baseline survey still covers only a small part of the population. Hence, the sampling weights are relatively large. An outlying observation together with a high sampling weight can heavily influence or even ruin an estimate of a population characteristic. Thus, we argue that it is beneficial—in terms of mean square error—to use robust estimation and alignment methods, because robust methods are less affected by the presence of outliers.
Sexualerziehung in Jugendwohngruppen
Authors: Mantey Dominik 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag verbindet zwei Herausforderungen der stationären Erziehungshilfe: Beteiligung und Sexualerziehung. Er zeigt, warum auch Sexualerziehung konsequent beteiligungsorientiert gestaltet werden sollte. Außerdem werden Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten für einzelne Bereiche der Sexualerziehung skizziert, etwa für die sexualitätsbezogene Begleitung einzelner Jugendliche sowie für die Gestaltung von sexualpädagogischen Gruppenangeboten. Zugleich werden Grenzen der Beteiligung aufgezeigt, z. B. dort, wo der Schutz der Jugendlichen im Vordergrund stehen muss. Des Weiteren werden besondere Herausforderungen benannt, die sich aus dem Thema „Sexualität“ für die Gestaltung von Beteiligungsprozessen ergeben.
Aerobic oxidative desulfurization via magnetic mesoporous silica-supported tungsten oxide catalysts
Authors: Jiang Wei , Gao Xiang , Dong Lei , Xiao Jin , Zhu Lin-Hua , Chen Guang-Ying , Xun Su-Hang , Peng Chong , Zhu Wen-Shuai , Li Hua-Ming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
It is usually difficult to remove dibenzothiophenes from diesel fuels by oxidation with molecular oxygen as an oxidant. In the study, tungsten oxide was supported on magnetic mesoporous silica by calcination to form a magnetically separable catalyst for oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel. By tuning different calcining temperatures, the catalyst calcined at 500 °C showed a high catalytic activity with molecular oxygen as the oxidant. Under optimal reaction conditions, the sulfur removal of DBT reached 99.9% at 120 °C after 8 h. Furthermore, the removals of 4-methyldibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene could also get up to 98.2% and 92.3% under the same conditions. The reaction mechanism was explored by selective quenching experiments and FT-IR spectra.
Persistence in the market risk premium: evidence across countries
Authors: Caporale Guglielmo Maria , Gil-Alana Luis A. , Martin-Valmayor Miguel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper provides evidence on the degree of persistence of one of the key components of the CAPM, namely the market risk premium, as well as its volatility. The analysis applies fractional integration methods to data for the US, Germany and Japan, and for robustness purposes considers different time horizons (2, 5 and 10 years) and frequencies (monthly and weekly). The empirical findings in most cases imply that the market risk premium is a highly persistent variable which can be characterized as a random walk process, whilst its volatility is less persistent and exhibits stationary long-memory behaviour. There is also evidence that in the case of the US the degree of persistence has changed as a results of various events; this is confirmed by both endogenous break tests and the associated subsample estimates. Market participants should take this evidence into account when designing their investment strategies.
Total Urinary Arsenic and Inorganic Arsenic Concentrations and Birth Outcomes in Pregnant Women of Tacna, Peru: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fano-Sizgorich Diego , Vásquez-Velásquez Cinthya , Yucra Sandra , Vásquez Vanessa , Tokeshi Patricio , Aguilar Julio , Ramírez-Atencio Claudio , Barr Dana Boyd , Gonzales Gustavo F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInorganic arsenic exposure has been linked to the development of several health conditions, including adverse birth outcomes, and around 150 million of people worldwide are exposed to levels above the WHO suggested limit of 10 μg/L. A recent risk assessment in pregnant women of Tacna, of this same population performed by our group, found that 70.25% were exposed to arsenic concentrations in drinking water ≥ 25 μg/L. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between prenatal total urinary arsenic (U-tAs) and inorganic arsenic (U-iAs) with adverse birth outcomes. A total of 147 pregnant women from the province of Tacna, Peru, during February–March, 2019, were evaluated for U-tAs and U-iAs exposure during their second trimester of pregnancy, while the birth records of their children were collected from the local hospital. The geometric mean U-tAs was 43.97 ± 25.88 μg/L (P50 22.30, range 5.99–181.94 μg/L) and U-iAs was 5.27 ± 2.91 μg/L. Controlling for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, mother’s education, and newborn sex, no relationship was observed between tertile of U-tAs and the birth outcomes considered, although we found an apparent but statistically non-significant dose–response relationship for small for gestational age 2.38% (95% CI 0.003, 0.16), versus 7.32% (95% CI 0.02, 0.21%), and versus 8.57% (95% CI 0.03, 0.25%). This finding requires further evaluation considering other factors such as metabolic arsenic species, additional maternal covariates, and ethnicity.