bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Caregivers of People With Dementia Search for Dementia-Specific Information on the Internet: Survey Study
Authors: Efthymiou Areti , Papastavrou Evridiki , Middleton Nicos , Markatou Artemis , Sakka Paraskevi 
Published: March 2020

Background
During the last decade, more research has focused on web-based interventions delivered to support caregivers of people with dementia. However, little information is available in relation to internet use among caregivers in general, especially those caring for people with dementia.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dementia-related internet use and factors that may be associated with its use among caregivers of people with dementia in Greece.

Methods
Secondary data from the Greek Dementia Survey of the Athens Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders were collected from April to June 2017. A total of 580 caregivers of people with dementia participated in the study.

Results
The majority of the caregivers reported that they had used the internet in the previous 3 months (84.1%, 488/580). Nearly half of the caregivers (47.5%, 276/580) reported that they had received dementia services online. Bivariate analysis showed that a dementia-specific search of information was associated with age, education, kinship, and years of care. Age (odds ratio [OR] 2.362, 95% CI 1.05-5.33) and education (OR 2.228, 95% CI 1.01-4.94) were confirmed as predictors, with younger caregivers and those with higher educational attainment being more likely to search for dementia-specific information. Use of the internet to search for dementia information was only related to hours of care. The internet use by caregivers within the previous 3 months was associated with variables such as age, education, occupation, kinship, years of care, and self-reported impact on physical and social health.

Conclusions
Caregivers of people with dementia in Greece, as in the other southern European countries, are essential agents of the national health system. The existing short- and long-term respite care services are limited or nonexistent. Currently, caregivers receive mostly support and education from memory clinics and municipality consultation centers, which are mainly based in central cities in Greece. Despite the dementia awareness movement in Greece, there is still space to integrate the role of technology in the support and education of caregivers. Development of training programs for enhancing electronic health literacy skills as well as web-based services provision could support Greek caregivers in their everyday caring tasks.
Pengujian Keunggulan Empat Galur Harapan Tomat (<em>Solanum lycopersicum </em>L.)
Authors: Rahayu Yayuk Dwi , Murti Rudi Hari 
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keunggulan masing-masing galur. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Balai Pengembangan dan Promosi Agribisnis Perbenihan Hortikultura (BPPAPH) Ngipiksari, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta pada bulan Juni hingga November 2018. Bahan penelitian yang digunakan adalah empat galur harapan tomat (G6, G9, Gamato 1 dan Gamato 5) dan empat varietas pembanding (Intan, Ratna, Gondol Putih dan Gondol Hijau). Rancangan percobaan lapangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan empat ulangan sebagai blok dan terdiri atas dua set percobaan (determinate dan indeterminate). Variabel pengamatan berupa karakter kuantitatif (tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, ukuran daun, umur berbunga, umur panen optimal, ukuran buah, rongga buah, tebal daging buah, padatan terlarut total, kekerasan buah, berat per buah, dan berat buah per tanaman). Data yang didapat dianalisis dengan Uji Kontras Ortogonal pada taraf nyata α%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan galur G6 dan G9 memiliki umur panen (78,58 hst dan 82,67 hst) lebih cepat dibandingkan Intan (87,5 hst) dan Ratna (81,3 hst). Galur Gamato 1 dan Gamato 5 memiliki rerata bobot buah per butir (103,03 gram dan 111,4 gram) lebih berat dibandingkan Gondol Putih (58 gram) dan Gondol Hijau (72,10 gram). Rerata bobot buah per pohon galur Gamato 1 (1533,55 gram) dan Gamato 5 (1715,36 gram) lebih tinggi dari pembandingnya Gondol Putih (994,62 gram) dan Gondol Hijau (1380,24 gram). Kata kunci: keunggulan; tomat; galur harapan; dataran tinggi
EVALUATION OF ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLET OF IBUPROFEN-β-CYCLODEXTRIN INCLUSION COMPLEX
Authors: PURNAMASARI NUR AINI DEWI , SAPUTRA PRATAMA ANGGI 
Published: March 2020

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of the inclusion complex formation of ibuprofen (IB) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in improving water solubility and taste masking as well as to study the effect of the combined use of super disintegrants in IB-β-CD ODT (Orally disintegrating tablet).
Methods: IB-β-CD inclusion complex was prepared by spray drying technique with a 1:1 molar ratio. ODTs were prepared by the direct compression method using various ratios of Ac-Di-Sol® and Kollidon® CL as super disintegrant. The inclusion complex was characterized using spectroscopy FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared) and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). The physical properties and dissolution rate of ODTs were evaluated. Dissolved drug concentration at 60 min (Q60) and Dissolution Efficiency (DE60) was calculated using the dissolution test result.
Results: The unpleasant taste of IB had been successfully masked by IB-β-CD. Formula 1 was observed having 14.5 sec of disintegration, fastest compared to the other formulas. Moreover DE60 value of formula I was higher than the other formulas (113.45).
Conclusion: IB-β-CD Inclusion complex prepared by spray drying method (1: 1) increased the water solubility and masked the unpleasant taste compared to IB moreover combination of Ac-Di-Sol® and Kollidon® CL increased ODT dissolution rate.
THE THE EFFECT OF ALMOND OIL ON THE PERMEABILITY OF KETOPROFEN HYDROGEL
Authors: HASAN ZAHRAA ALAA , AL-MOUSAWY JINAN MUHAMMED MUHSIN , ALGHURABI HAMID SADEQ KHALEEL 
Published: March 2020

Objective: The object of this study is to formulate ketoprofen hydrogels and to evaluate their permeability following the incorporation of almond oil as a penetration enhancer.
Methods: Five formulas (F2-F6) of ketoprofen hydrogels were formulated with the employment of carbopol 940 and triethanolamine. A gradual increase in the amount of almond oil was used in each formula. In vitro penetration and release kinetic study was conducted for all the formulations and compared with the control formula (F1) which was prepared without the incorporation of almond oil.
Results: There was a strong positive correlation between % of incorporated almond oil and the % of drug released when the samples were compared with F1 that was formulated without almond oil. After 24 h, 90% of medication was penetrated from ketoprofen hydrogel formulation (F6), which had 5% almond oil.
Conclusion: Almond oil has successfully worked as a natural penetration enhancer when five ketoprofen hydrogel formulations were prepared and evaluated.
THE OPTIMIZATION OF RP-HPLC CONDITION USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGN FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF METFORMIN HCL AND GLIMEPIRIDE IN SPIKED PLASMA
Authors: IZMA HAYATUN , MARTONO SUDIBYO , LUKITANINGSIH ENDANG 
Published: March 2020

Objective: Aim of this study was to develop and validate the RP-HPLC method using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) for simultaneous analysis metformin HCl and glimepiride in spiked plasma.
Methods: The chromatographic system was comprised of acetonitrile-phosphate buffer 0.0125 M+Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) 1 mmol as a mobile phase and Ascentis® Phenyl C18 (250 x 4.6 mm i.d.; 5 µm) column as a stationary phase with UV detector at 210 nm. Three independent variables included phosphate buffer (%), pH and flow rate were optimized using Box-Behnken Design. The observed responses were retention time, peak area and resolution.
Results: The predicted optimum condition of the RP-HPLC system consisted of phosphate buffer solution of 72%, pH at 4.3 and flow rate at 0.8 ml/min. By using this condition, the duration of analysis was more than 18 min, so it was necessary to modify the flow rate to be 1.0 ml/min to get shorter analysis duration. This condition was then applied to analyze metformin and glimepiride in spiked plasma and validated according to the EMA guideline. AUC of interfering components at the IS retention time between 588-1092 mV, the linearity of metformin was 0.9993 and glimepiride was 0.9991, accuracy and precision were between-13.33% until 16.08%, dilution integrity and metformin stability studies were between-4.01% until 11.82%, and for glimepiride stability studies were between-37.48% until-4.76%.
Conclusion: Box-Behnken Design can help optimize the HPLC system, and the optimum condition was valid to analyze metformin and glimepiride in spiked plasma by considering the storage time of plasma samples.
A A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF QUALITY CONTROL TESTING ON CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL CONVENTIONAL TABLETS IN IRAQ
Authors: ALBO HAMRAH KARRAR TALIB KHUDHAIR , AL-SHAIBANI ABULFADHEL JABER NEAMAH , AL-EDRESI SARMAD SABAH , AL-GBURI KARRAR MOHAMMED HASAN 
Published: March 2020

Objective: The present study was performed to compare the quality of conventional tablets loaded with candesartan cilexetil. The selected candesartan cilexetil tablets were commercialized in the Iraq market and produced by different companies.
Methods: Different batches of candesartan cilexetil oral tablets (the concentration of candesartan was 8 mg) were subjected to quality control tests. Tests included weight variation, friability, hardness, drug content, disintegration time and in vitro release study. The protocols of these tests were performed according to USP pharmacopeia.
Results: The results, in this study, revealed that all the used batches of candesartan cilexetil oral tablets complied with the specification of USP pharmacopeia for weight uniformity, friability value (% loss) was<1. Hardness results of the tablets were 4.9-6.6 Kg/cm2, which was within the required limits (i.e. 4-8 Kg/cm2). Disintegration time was<15 min in both Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF) and Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF). The percentage of drug content in all marketed tablets was found between 96.2 % and 99.8 %, reflecting compliance with the pharmacopeia limits (i.e. 85-115 %). An in vitro release study indicated that the release of all marketed tablets exceeds 80 % within 15 min.
Conclusion: All the studied tablets, loaded with candesartan cilexetil, were produced within the standard criteria of tablet production. The quality control analysis of the selected tablets, in this study, revealed satisfactory pharmaceutical properties (including safety and effectiveness) that comply within the limits of USP pharmacopeia.
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND STABILITY STUDIES OF SOLID SELF EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF NIFEDIPINE
Authors: BINDHANI SABITRI , MOHAPATRA SNEHAMAYEE , KAR RAJAT KUMAR 
Published: March 2020

Objective: The objective of this work was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of Nifedipine by preparing a solid-self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (Solid-smedds).
Methods: Liquid-self-emulsifying drug delivery system formulations were prepared by using linseed oil as oil, tween 80 as a surfactant and PEG 400 as cosurfactant. Components were selected by solubility screening studies and the self-emulsifying region was identified by the pseudo-ternary phase diagram. Thermodynamic stability study was performed for the determination of stable liquid-smedds formulation. These formulations were evaluated for self-emulsification time, drug content analysis, robustness to dilution test, particle size analysis, in vitro diffusion study, and Stability study. Solid self-micro emulsifying formulations were prepared by using aerosil-200 at a different ratio. Lf9S (0.65:1) was selected due to its highest drug entrapment efficiency and a decrease in particle size. It was selected for further studies into DSC, SEM, FTIR, and XRD analysis.
Results: DSC and XRD result shows that the drug within the formulation was in the amorphous state. From the SEM study, it was observed that the drug has been uniformly distributed and having a smooth surface. From the in vitro dissolution study, it improved the dissolution rate of nifedipine which was 98.70% of drug release where pure drug release only 6.72%.
Conclusion: In conclusion, a solid self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system is improved the solubility and drug release rate but also improved the stability of the formulation.
TOPICAL ANTI-PSORIATIC NANOPARTICULATE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: BHISE KIRAN , KHAN SHADAB , MULLA GHAZALA 
Published: March 2020

Objective: Development of effective drug delivery in the treatment of psoriasis is the major challenge for its successful management. To develop and assess the potential of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) enriched with the powdered leaves extracts of Azadirachta indica (AE), Lawsonia inermis (LE) and fruit extract of Mallotus philippensis (ME) in the management of psoriasis.
Methods: Drug loaded NLCs were prepared via hot homogenization technique by adopting 23 factorial design with factors X1 as the concentration of lipids, X2 concentration of surfactants and X3 being the number of homogenization cycle. The responses Y1 and Y2 were particle size and zeta potential. The optimized batch was obtained from Surface response plot and was evaluated for zeta potential, % entrapment efficiency, % drug loading, Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), % in vitro diffusion of drugs from the NLCs, anti-lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide scavenging activities, cytotoxicity on HaCat cell lines, Mouse Tail and Rat ultraviolet ray B photodermatitis models for Psoriasis.
Results: The optimized batch of NLCs was found within the nanosized range with a relatively low polydispersity index and zeta potential of-20mV. The %EE for an optimized batch of NLCs was found to be 98.97±0.83%, 96.99±0.56% and 99.25±0.55% and the %DL of 21.84±0.15%, 8.55±045%, and 87.91±0.38% respectively for AE, LE and ME.
The SEM images showed the spherical vesicular structures of drugs loaded NLCs. The in-vitro diffusion of drugs from the NLCs followed initial burst release thereafter sustained release for 24 h. The AE, LE and ME loaded NLCs proved to possess anti-lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide scavenging activities, cytotoxicity on HaCat cell lines, DNA fragmentation on HaCat cell lines which are biomarkers in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The results of Mouse Tail and Rat ultraviolet ray B photodermatitis models for Psoriasis supported the anti-psoriatic potential of AE, LE and ME loaded NLCs.
Conclusion: AE, LE and ME loaded NLCs can be used for prolonged topical delivery to the psoriatic skin for an effective treatment.
Pengawasan Internal Perspektif Maqāṣid Al-Syarīʻah (Analisis Peraturan Pemerintah No. 60 Tahun 2008 tentang Sistem Pengendalian Intern Pemerintah)
Authors: Sabil Jabbar , Hasanah Rizkaul , Abdullah Arifin 
Published: March 2020

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana perspektif maqāṣid al-syarīʻah terhadap pengawasan internal yang terkandung dalam Peraturan Pemerintah No. 60 Tahun 2008 tentang Sistem Pengendalian Intern Pemerintah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan yuridis-normatif yang dipadukan dengan pendekatan maqāṣidī. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengawasan internal secara maqāṣid al-syarīʻah, dianggap sebagai bagian dari al-maṣlaḥah al-ḥājjiyyah, dan berfungsi sebagai wasā‟il (sarana). Pengawasan internal merupakan sarana untuk memudahkan penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik supaya dapat berjalan sesuai dengan aturan yang telah Allah tetapkan. Pengawasan internal merupakan bagian dari pemeliharaan agama dan harta dalam wujud pelaksanaan amar makruf nahi mungkar dan pertanggung jawaban terhadap amanah serta pemeliharaan atas harta umum (public fund). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara umum konsep pengawasan internal yang diamanahkan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah tersebut telah sesuai dengan apa yang diinginkan oleh syarak, hanya saja masih harus dilakukan penyempurnaan pada sistem pengawasannya agar apa yang diinginkan oleh syarak dapat terimplementasi dengan baik.Abstract: The aim of the research is to find out how the perspective of maqāṣid al-syarīʻah towards internal supervision contained in Government Regulation No. 60 of 2008 About the Government Internal Control System. The study was conducted with a literature research method with a juridical-normative approach combined with the maqāṣidī approach. The results showed that internal supervision by maqāṣid al-syarīʻah, was considered as part of al-maṣlaḥah al-jiājjiyyah, and functioned as wasā'il (means). Internal supervision is a means to facilitate the implementation of public services so that they can run according to the rules that God has set. Internal supervision is part of the maintenance of religion and assets in the form of the implementation of amar makruf nahi mungkar and accountability for the mandate and maintenance of public assets (public funds). So it can be concluded that in general the concept of internal supervision mandated in the Government Regulation is in accordance with what is desired by the sharak, only that improvements must be made to its monitoring system so that what is desired by the sharak can be implemented properly.
Los límites y las posibilidades del modelo de aprendizaje centrado en el alumno en una cultura escolar caracterizada por el centralismo, la imposición y el control
Authors: Valdés Dávila Ma. Guadalupe 
Published: March 2020

Los aspectos puntuales del cambio radical que se promueve a partir de la revolución tecnológica constituyen un marco de referencia que permite entender por qué los sistemas e instituciones educativas han modificado sustancialmente su currículum a fin de dar respuestas oportunas a los retos y demandas que plantea el entorno globalizado.Transitar de la enseñanza al aprendizaje es un cambio que, por decreto a nivel de la política educativa, los docentes han de realizar. Esta reforma educativa a nivel discursivo presenta múltiples bondades, pero asumirla, encarnarla en la vida de las aulas, representa reto y dificultad. El cambio educativo puede ser preciso, relativamente fácil y rápido en la dimensión de la política curricular, en los aspectos estructurales, pero la transformación en profundidad de los procesos educativos en el aula, en lo cotidiano del día a día resulta mucho más compleja, precisamente porque el cambio se incita en una cultura escolar que sigue anclada a las características heredadas por la modernidad.
Entre significados de estudiantes del aprendizaje escolar y miradas docentes y no docentes de la modalidad de educación permanente en contextos vulnerables de la zona sur de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Facciola Mariana C. 
Published: March 2020

En el presente artículo se presentan los resultados parciales acerca de la exploración de los significados atribuidos al aprendizaje escolar de jóvenes y adultos (n17) deuna escuela media de adultos del barrio de la zona sur de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Los mismos se obtuvieron por entrevistas semiestructurada y fueron analizadas por métodocomparativo constante. Se construyeron veintiún códigos y cinco categorías: el aprendizaje como promotor del saber y del ser alguien requiere de esfuerzo y motivación. Seidentifican factores subjetivos y sociales que dificultan el proceso, así como también redes de ayuda que facilitan el aprendizaje. Las categorías emergentes constituyeron labase del diseño de la encuesta cuyas preguntas abiertas y cerradas fueron tomadas a docentes y no docentes de la modalidad (n73). En el análisis de las preguntas abiertasse identificaron dos tipos de miradas acerca de los sujetos de aprendizaje: quienes consideran a los jóvenes y adultos como sujetos pasivos, víctimas de las situaciones familiares,escolares y económicas y otra que los considera como sujetos activos, actores de su propia vida y constructores de otros futuros posibles. Se concluye que las miradas de los docentes y no docentes ejercen una influencia simbólica significativa y son predictores de futuro para los sujetos de la modalidad. Esta polarización de miradas reclama un trabajo de explicitación y revisión de prácticas profesionales.
La construcción narrativa del aprendizaje
Authors: González García Javier 
Published: March 2020

El artículo analiza el uso y la dimensión social de las narraciones en la escuelabásica, orientados por enfoques constructivistas. Para ello, se formulan tres preguntascomo punto de partida: ¿cómo construimos significados a partir de narraciones?; ¿son las narraciones un puente entre cognición y emoción?; ¿la narración contribuyeal desarrollo de una identidad cultural?. El intento de respuesta a cada una de estas cuestiones aporta una serie de funciones educativas: las narraciones pueden dar formaa experiencias, vivencias y conocimientos en un todo comprensible que funciona como una zona de desarrollo próximo; contribuyen al intercambio entre cognición yemoción desarrollando la imaginación; y juegan un papel clave en la creación, aceptación, o rechazo de una identidad cultural.
Sistemas alternativos y aumentativos de comunicación para el tratamiento de niños con trastorno del espectro autista
Authors: Echeguia Cudolá Jimena 
Published: March 2020

En el abordaje terapéutico de los niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA), esfundamental incorporar la construcción y utilización de los sistemas alternativos yaumentativos de comunicación (SAAC). Los SAAC son un conjunto organizado de elementos no vocales para comunicar. No surgen espontáneamente, sino que se adquieren mediante un aprendizaje formal y deliberado. Mediante su aplicación, se favorece el desarrollo del lenguaje oral y se proveen herramientas para que el niño comience a interactuar con el medio, garantizando de esta forma un pleno e integral desarrollo del sujeto (Valdez, 2012). Solo de esta manera es que podemos pensar en una verdadera inclusión del niño en el ámbito escolar y social. Esto se sustenta a partir de lo trabajado y observado en la práctica profesional de la autora de esta comunicación, como terapeuta en habilidades sociales y comunicación de niños con TEA.