bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-density lipoprotein from active SLE patients is more atherogenic to endothelial cells than low-density lipoprotein from the same patients during remission
Authors: Rodríguez-Calvo Ricardo , Guardiola Montse , Oliva Iris , Arrando Hugo , Arranz Idoia , Ferré Anna , Pellicer Paula , Parra Sandra , Ribalta Josep , Castro Antoni 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
SLE patients have an enhanced risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease is not fully explained by traditional Framingham cardiovascular risk factors. Specific features of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, other than plasma concentration, may induce accelerated atherosclerosis at early stages in these patients. Thus, we aimed to explore the impact of LDL from both active and inactive SLE patients on human aortic endothelial cells.

Methods
Human aortic endothelial cells were stimulated with the same concentration of LDL particles isolated from pooled serum that was collected from 13 SLE patients during both active and inactive states. Gene expression and cell migration assays were performed.

Results
Circulating LDL particles obtained from healthy volunteers and SLE patients in both remission and flare states were comparable in terms of number, cholesterol and triglyceride content, and net electric charge. Stimulation of cells with LDL from active SLE patients induced the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (∼2.0-fold, P &lt; 0.05), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (∼2.0-fold, P &lt; 0.05) and matrix metallopeptidase 2 (∼1.6-fold, P &lt; 0.01) compared with cells stimulated with LDL from inactive SLE patients. Additionally, LDL extracted from active patients increased cell migration in a wound-healing assay (1.4-fold, P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Our data show that, at the same LDL concentration, LDL from active SLE patients had increased proatherogenic effects on endothelial cells compared with LDL from the same patients when in an inactive or remission state.
The basal ganglia and the cerebellum in human emotion
Authors: Pierce Jordan E , Péron Julie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The basal ganglia (BG) and the cerebellum historically have been relegated to a functional role in producing or modulating motor output. Recent research, however, has emphasized the importance of these subcortical structures in multiple functional domains, including affective processes such as emotion recognition, subjective feeling elicitation and reward valuation. The pathways through the thalamus that connect the BG and cerebellum directly to each other and with extensive regions of the cortex provide a structural basis for their combined influence on limbic function. By regulating cortical oscillations to guide learning and strengthening rewarded behaviors or thought patterns to achieve a desired goal state, these regions can shape the way an individual processes emotional stimuli. This review will discuss the basic structure and function of the BG and cerebellum and propose an updated view of their functional role in human affective processing.
Media attention and policy response: 21st century chemical regulation in the USA
Authors: Matus Kira J M , Bernal Marie N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article explores the relationship between media coverage of chemical hazards, scientific understandings of chemical risk, and policy change in the USA at the state level from 1990 to 2010. We observe that media coverage compounded by scientific development, especially in relation to a greater understanding of chemical hazards and approaches to its management, affected public perception of health and environmental risk, aiding in a shift of expectations about necessary levels of statutory protection from the states. We also note the emergence of effective framings of chemical risk around impacts on vulnerable populations, such as children, where media attention and policy action created important coalitions of support. The resulting increased state-, county-, and city-level policy action eventually led to support and momentum policy change at the federal level. This study helps to clarify how media attention to chemical hazards may play an important role in influencing eventual policy responses and risk management approaches.
Gestational sleep deprivation is associated with higher offspring body mass index and blood pressure
Authors: Harskamp-van Ginkel Margreet W , Ierodiakonou Despo , Margetaki Katerina , Vafeiadi Marina , Karachaliou Marianna , Kogevinas Manolis , Vrijkotte Tanja G M , Chatzi Leda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the association between gestational sleep deprivation and childhood adiposity and cardiometabolic profile.MethodsData were used from two population-based birth cohorts (Rhea study and Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study). A total of 3,608 pregnant women and their children were followed up until the age of 11 years. Gestational sleep deprivation was defined as 6 or fewer hours of sleep per day, reported by questionnaire. The primary outcomes included repeated measures of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat, serum lipids, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels in childhood. We performed a pooled analysis with adjusted linear mixed effect and Cox proportional hazards models. We tested for mediation by birthweight, gestational age, and gestational diabetes.ResultsGestational sleep deprivation was associated with higher BMI (beta; 95% CI: 0.7; 0.4, 1.0 kg/m2) and waist circumference (beta; 95% CI: 0.9; 0.1, 1.6 cm) in childhood, and increased risk for overweight or obesity (HR; 95% CI: 1.4; 1.1, 2.0). Gestational sleep deprivation was also associated with higher offspring DBP (beta; 95% CI: 1.6; 0.5, 2.7 mmHg). The observed associations were modified by sex (all p-values for interaction &lt; 0.05); and were more pronounced in girls. Gestational diabetes and shorter gestational age partly mediated the seen associations.ConclusionsThis is the first study showing that gestational sleep deprivation may increase offspring’s adiposity and blood pressure, while exploring possible mechanisms. Attention to glucose metabolism and preterm birth might be extra warranted in mothers with gestational sleep deprivation.
Bioactivity of Circulatory Factors After Pulmonary Exposure to Mild or Stainless Steel Welding Fumes
Authors: Kodali Vamsi , Shoeb Mohammad , Meighan Terence G , Eye Tracy , Friend Sherri A , Hubczak John , Kashon Michael L , Zeidler-Erdely Patti C , Antonini James M , Erdely Aaron 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Studies suggest that alterations in circulating factors are a driver of pulmonary-induced cardiovascular dysfunction. To evaluate, if circulating factors effect endothelial function after a pulmonary exposure to welding fumes, an exposure known to induce cardiovascular dysfunction, serum collected from Sprague Dawley rats 24 h after an intratracheal instillation exposure to 2 mg/rat of 2 compositionally distinct metal-rich welding fume particulates (manual metal arc welding using stainless steel electrodes [MMA-SS] or gas metal arc welding using mild steel electrodes [GMA-MS]) or saline was used to test molecular and functional effects of in vitro cultures of primary cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (PCMEs) or ex vivo organ cultures. The welding fumes elicited significant pulmonary injury and inflammation with only minor changes in measured serum antioxidant and cytokine levels. PCME cells were challenged for 4 h with serum collected from exposed rats, and 84 genes related to endothelial function were analyzed. Changes in relative mRNA patterns indicated that serum from rats exposed to MMA-SS, and not GMA-MS or PBS, could influence several functional aspects related to endothelial cells, including cell migration, angiogenesis, inflammation, and vascular function. The predictions were confirmed using a functional in vitro assay (scratch assay) as well as an ex vivo multicellular environment (aortic ring angiogenesis assay), validating the concept that endothelial cells can be used as an effective screening tool of exposed workers for determining bioactivity of altered circulatory factors. Overall, the results indicate that pulmonary MMA-SS fume exposure can cause altered endothelial function systemically via altered circulating factors.
Compartment Syndrome in Operatively Managed Pediatric Monteggia Fractures and Equivalents
Authors: Kopriva John , Awowale John , Whiting Paul , Livermore Andrew , Siy Alex , Hetzel Scott , Noonan Kenneth 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is not commonly associated with pediatric Monteggia fractures or Monteggia equivalents (MF/ME). The aims of this study were: (1) To document a rate of ACS among children with operatively managed MF/ME, comparing this to the rate of ACS in classically associated Type 3 supracondylar humerus (T3-SCH) fractures at the same institution; (2) To determine which patients with MF/ME are at highest risk for ACS.

Methods:
Children ages 2 to 12 with MF/ME requiring operative management at an academic institution over a 14-year period were identified. The Monteggia fractures were characterized using the Bado classification; equivalent injuries were identified according to established criteria. Similarly, all patients with T3-SCH fractures managed over the same period were identified. Record review included demographic, procedural, and radiographic variables. Statistical analysis compared the rates of ACS in both groups and determined risk factors associated with developing ACS in patients with MF/ME.

Results:
The rate of ACS in MF/ME was 9 of the 59 (15.3%), which was significantly higher than the rate of ACS in T3-SCH fractures 2 of the 230 (0.9%) (P=0.001). Comparing MF/ME with ACS to those without; there was no difference in sex (P=1.00), Bado Type (P=0.683), or Monteggia fracture versus equivalent (P=0.704). MF/ME with preoperative vascular deficits (22.2%) and those undergoing intramedullary fixation of the radius were more likely to develop ACS (P=0.021 and 0.015, respectively), and there was a trend toward higher rates of ACS among MF/ME with preoperative neurological deficits (P=0.064).

Conclusions:
Patients with operatively managed MF/ME had a significantly higher rate of ACS compared with patients with T3-SCH fractures. With no predisposition based on Bado classification or Monteggia fracture versus equivalent, all operatively managed MF/ME appear to be at risk for ACS. Patients with preoperative neurovascular deficits and those undergoing intramedullary radial fixation develop ACS at higher rates. Careful assessment of the forearm for signs and symptoms of ACS both before and after fixation is critical.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective case control.
Effect of sustained intensive therapy with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis: a 5-year real-world consecutive study
Authors: Cai Yue-Ming , Li Ru , Ye Hua , He Jing , Sun Xiao-Lin , Jin Jia-Yang , Liu Jia-Jia , Gan Yu-Zhou , You Xu-Jie , Xu Jing , Shi Lian-Jie , Cheng Gong , Wang Qing-Wen , Li Zhan-Guo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Intensive therapy with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) has been reported to improve the outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, real-world study on the effect of intensive therapy on RA sustained remission is still lacking. This study aimed to investigate the outcome of sustained intensive DMARD therapy (SUIT) for RA in a real-world 5-year consecutive cohort.

Methods
Based on a consecutive cohort of 610 out-patients with RA, remission of RA was assessed in 541 patients from 2012 to 2017, by dividing into SUIT, non-SUIT, and intermittent SUIT (Int-SUIT) groups. Changes in the disease activity scores were evaluated by 28-joint disease activity score based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR), 28-joint disease activity score based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP), and clinical deep remission criteria (CliDR). Cumulative remission rates between different groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and predictive factors of sustained remission were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
The remission rates of the SUIT group decreased from 12.0% (65/541) to 5.6% (20/359) based on DAS28-ESR, from 14.0% (76/541) to 7.2% (26/359) based on DAS28-CRP, and from 8.5% (46/541) to 3.1% (11/359) based on CliDR, respectively, with a gradually decreasing trend during the 5 years. The SUIT regimen led to a significantly higher cumulative remission rate than non-SUIT regimen based on DAS28-ESR (39.7% vs. 19.5%, P = 0.001), DAS28-CRP (42.0% vs. 19.6%, P = 0.001), and CliDR (24.5% vs. 8.7%, P = 0.001). The cumulative remission rates of patients treated with SUIT regimen were significantly higher than those treated with Int-SUIT regimen based on DAS28-ESR (39.7% vs. 25.7%, P = 0.043) and CliDR (24.5% vs. 14.2%, P = 0.047), but there was no significant difference between the two groups based on DAS28-CRP (42.0% vs. 27.4%, P = 0.066). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the use of SUIT regimen was an independent favorable predictor according to different remission definitions (for DAS28-ESR: odds ratio [OR], 2.215, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.271–3.861, P = 0.005; for DAS28-CRP: OR, 1.520, 95% CI: 1.345–1.783, P = 0.002; for CliDR: OR, 1.525, 95% CI: 1.314–1.875, P = 0.013).

Conclusion
Sustained intensive treatment of RA is an optimal strategy in daily practice and will lead to an increased remission rate.
Drug-induced priapism
Authors: Pucci Mark , Roussak Penelope , Pang David , Darrad Maitrey 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Drug-induced priapism is a rare but serious condition associated with a variety of prescribed and illicit drugs. The most common causes include antipsychotics, oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, the antidepressant trazodone, and alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists prescribed for hypertension or lower urinary tract symptoms (such as prazosin and tamsulosin). Risk factors include predisposing conditions such as sickle cell disease, spinal cord injury, and history of previous priapism. When patients present to the Emergency Department with priapism, a thorough drug history should be carried out, including use of recreational drugs and drugs obtained without prescription.
Association Between Dry Eye and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Subclinical Inflammation May Be Part of the Process
Authors: Asfuroğlu Yonca , Kan Özgür , Asfuroğlu Mahmut , Baser Emre 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the changes in tear function in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and establish whether there is a correlation between hormonal levels, novel hematologic biomarkers, and dry eye parameters.

Material and Method:
Forty-seven patients with PCOS and 43 age-matched patients with unexplained infertility were included in the control group. Follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), 17-OH progesterone, fasting and postprandial glucose, fasting insulin, and cholesterol metabolites were evaluated in both groups. In addition, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were obtained from a complete blood count. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was administered, and all patients underwent tear break-up time (BUT) and Schirmer I tests. Bivariate correlations were investigated using Spearman correlation coefficient analysis.

Results:
The mean age of the PCOS group and the control group was 27.66±3.96 years and 29.28±6.83 years, respectively. Schirmer I test scores and BUT values were significantly lower and OSDI results were significantly higher in the PCOS group (P=0.003, P<0.001, and P=0.004). An inverse correlation was found between DHEA-S and BUT values in the PCOS group (r=−0.296, P=0.043). Similarly, a negative correlation was also present between NLR and BUT values in the PCOS group (r=−0.322, P=0.027).

Conclusions:
Dry eye can be well established by sensitive tests in patients with PCOS. The severity of dry eye may be correlated with the level of inflammation and hyperandrogenism.
Prevention of Acquisition of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnancy Through Hygiene-based Behavioral Interventions: A Systematic Review and Gap Analysis
Authors: Barber Victoria , Calvert Anna , Vandrevala Tushna , Star Caroline , Khalil Asma , Griffiths Paul , Heath Paul T. , Jones Christine E. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the most common nongenetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss in childhood and an important cause of neurodisability. There is no licensed cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine and no antenatal treatment for congenital CMV that is routinely recommended in clinical practice in the United Kingdom.

Objectives:
To review the published literature for studies that evaluated preventative hygiene-based interventions in pregnancy for their impact on knowledge about CMV prevention, the uptake of preventative behaviors or the acquisition of CMV in pregnancy.

Search Strategy:
Searches were carried out in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases.

Selection Criteria:
All human studies, limited to women of childbearing age were included.

Data Collection and Analysis:
Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of the methods and results of included articles. Extracted data were classified using Cochrane guidelines.

Main Results:
Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. These show that preventative measures are acceptable to pregnant women, can impact their behavior and have the potential to reduce CMV in pregnancy. They are limited by several factors; sample size, nonrandomized trial design and interventions that are beyond routine clinical practice.

Conclusions:
An effective intervention that changes behavior in pregnancy and reduces the risk of CMV acquisition is needed as part of routine care. There is currently insufficient evidence about the form that this intervention should take.

Registration:
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017069666.
Differences between Breast Cancer Reconstruction and Institutionally Established Normative Data Using the BREAST-Q Reconstruction Module: A Comparative Study
Authors: Klifto Kevin M. , Aravind Pathik , Major Melissa , Payne Rachael M. , Shen Wen , Rosson Gedge D. , Cooney Carisa M. , Manahan Michele A. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Evidence is limited for BREAST-Q scores in women without breast cancer or breast surgery to establish baseline values for clinical interpretation. The primary aim of this study was to compare differences in breast satisfaction and quality of life in women without breast cancer and without breast surgery to patients undergoing breast reconstruction using the BREAST-Q.

Methods:
The authors performed a single-center, patient-reported outcomes comparative study. A sample of 300 women attending gynecology appointments completed a study-specific demographics form and preoperative BREAST-Q reconstruction module. Eligible women had no history of breast cancer or breast surgery and were not currently pregnant (control group). The authors compared prospectively collected control group data to demographics and preoperative and 12-month postoperative BREAST-Q scores in 300 breast reconstruction patients, retrospectively selected from a prospectively collected registry.

Results:
Control group BREAST-Q scores were higher in Satisfaction with Breasts (mean, 59.3 versus 55.3; p < 0.042) and Physical Well-being Chest scores (mean, 84.1 versus 78.8; p < 0.001), and lower for Physical Well-being Abdomen scores (mean, 81.9 versus 88.7; p < 0.001) when compared to breast reconstruction patients’ preoperative scores. When compared with breast reconstruction patients’ 12-month postoperative scores, control group scores were lower in Satisfaction with Breasts (mean, 59.3 versus 65.5; p < 0.002) and Psychosocial Well-being (mean, 69.5 versus 76.2; p < 0.001) and higher in Physical Well-being Chest (mean, 84.1 versus 78.2; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The authors found differences in preoperative and 12-month postoperative BREAST-Q scores between breast reconstruction patients and a comparable control population. Establishing normative BREAST-Q data could serve as an important baseline for breast outcomes research and better understanding of patients’ ability to recover quality of life following reconstruction.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, II.
Rhinoplasty Refinements: Revision Rhinoplasty Using Fresh Frozen Costal Cartilage Allograft
Authors: Rohrich Rod J. , Shanmugakrishnan R. Raja , Mohan Raja 
Published: June 2020

Summary:
A crooked nose is challenging for a surgeon and needs to be treated using a systematic approach. Correction of nasal deformities such as a retracted columella in a revision rhinoplasty may need additional cartilage to correct the framework. Fresh frozen cartilage graft has been used as an extended spreader graft and a columellar strut graft to correct this problem. This option prevents donor-site morbidity associated with harvesting autologous cartilage.
The SPF-SPLF Graft: Building the Ideal Dorsum in Revision Rhinoplasty
Authors: Robotti Enrico , Leone Francesco 
Published: June 2020

Summary:
Achieving a natural appearing dorsum in secondary rhinoplasty remains an elusive goal. An inherent contradiction exists between the two most usually used techniques: solid rib segment and diced cartilage fascia constructs. The former will often cause edge visibility, in addition to potential warping and distortion; the latter prevents from both but may generate obtuse, ill-defined borders with poor shape control, possible contour asymmetries, and often a tubular appearance. A solution to the equation can be found in an innovative technique that combines three elements: perichondrium, rectus fascia, and a rib lamination. The combination is called the sandwich of perichondrium and fascia (SPF) or the sandwich of perichondrium, rib lamination, and fascia (SPLF). As a single unit over the entire dorsum, the issues of junction irregularity inherent in the use of separate graft segments, and of asymmetries in the dorsal contour because of inadequate distribution of diced cartilage, are avoided. In a greater than 18-month experience on 23 cases at the time of writing, the SPF-SPLF graft has proved to be an ideal solution. Adequate edge definition and elegant related shadowing are provided, precise tailoring is attained, and proper height of the dorsum contour is reestablished, following adequate reconstruction of the underlying dorsal plateau. The gradual flow from SPF to SPLF is logical and progressive according to need, and proper fixation ensures long-term stability of the hybrid construct. All three elements required are harvested from the same donor site with a resulting minimal scar.