bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative needs assessment of human trafficking in Ethiopia: recommendations for a comprehensive, coordinated response
Authors: Choi Kristen R. , Beck Dana C. , Khan Munmun A. , Bell Sue Anne , Beza Lemlem , Munro-Kramer Michelle L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Human trafficking is a global human rights violation that has profound health, economic, and social impacts. There has been little investigation of service needs and response options for human trafficking survivors in Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to understand the potential service needs and response options for human trafficking in Ethiopia from multiple stakeholder perspectives.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative needs assessment and used content analysis to analyze individual interviews with key stakeholder groups including service providers, academics, lawyers, and non-government organization (NGO) workers between the summer of 2015 – spring of 2016.

Results
In total, 17 individuals participated and content analysis elicited four overarching themes related to post-trafficking needs, including mental health considerations, barriers and facilitators to providing survivor services, survivor service needs, and comprehensive care models.

Conclusions
This qualitative needs assessment suggests that trafficking survivors may require professional and community services throughout their trafficking experiences, including medical care, economic and job opportunities, legal advocacy, and mental health services. Interventions should harness preexisting community strengths such as Ethiopia’s “social healing system,” health extension workers, and mobile technology. Future studies should explore tailored interventions and comprehensive models of care implemented within the pre-existing healthcare, social service, and community structures.
Reproductive health and the politics of abortion
Authors: Blystad Astrid , Haukanes Haldis , Tadele Getnet , Moland Karen Marie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis editorial provides an overview of a thematic series that brings attention to the persistently deficient and unequal access to sexual and reproductive health services for young women in sub-Saharan Africa. It represents an effort to analyze the multifaceted relationship between laws, policies and access to services in Ethiopia, Zambia and Tanzania. Using a comparative perspective and qualitative research methodology, the papers presented in this issue explore legal, political and social factors and circumstances that condition access to sexual and reproductive health services within and across the three countries. Through these examples we show the often inconsistent and even paradoxical relationship between the formal law and practices on the ground. Particular emphasis is placed on safe abortion services as an intensely politicized issue in global sexual and reproductive health. In addition to the presentation of the individual papers, this editorial comments on the global politics of abortion which represents a critical context for the regional and local developments in sexual and reproductive health policy and care provision in general, and for the contentious issue of abortion in particular.
Rationally assembled albumin/indocyanine green nanocomplex for enhanced tumor imaging to guide photothermal therapy
Authors: An Feifei , Yang Zhao , Zheng Meichen , Mei Ting , Deng Guowei , Guo Ping , Li Yanan , Sheng Ruilong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHerein, a novel phototheranostic nanocomplex that is self-assembled from bovine serum albumin (BSA) and indocyanine green (ICG) is developed for enhanced near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging, which benefits the guidance on in vivo cancer photothermal therapy (PTT). The study confirms that the binding of ICG with the bind sits on the albumin will result in improved hydrolytic stability and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). The ICG loading ratio in the nanocomplex is optimized and confirms the loading ratio of 0.5% ICG to be the optimal content. The optimized ICG–BSA nanocomplex (ICG–BSA NC) possesses a higher PLQY of 16.8% than that of free ICG (2.7%). The high PLQY and efficient passive targeting ability of ICG–BSA NC help improve its in vivo tumor accumulation and NIR fluorescence imaging significantly. Under laser irradiation, efficient PTT with obvious tumor growth suppression on a triple negative breast tumor model can be observed in the ICG–BSA NC treated group.
Characterization of VDR and CYP27B1 expression in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle before embryo transfer: implications for endometrial receptivity
Authors: Guo Jing , Liu Shan , Wang Peng , Ren Haiying , Li Yuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Molecular analyses of vitamin D in a typical cycling endometrium has received minimal research attention in the reproductive field. This study was designed to assess how expression of the endometrial vitamin D receptor (VDR) and CYP27B1, a vitamin D metabolizing enzyme, change during the menstrual cycle in women of reproductive age. In addition, this study explores the association between expression of vitamin D-VDR system and endometrial receptivity during the implantation window.

Methods
Sixteen patients underwent standardized in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment and freeze-all techniques. Before embryo transfer, total serum 25(OH) D levels were determined through blood samples and VDR, CYP27B1, HOXA10, and CYP19 expression were determined through endometrial samples. Endometrial receptivity was also assessed using an electron microscope.

Results
We found that VDR protein expression was significantly lower throughout the endometrial secretory phase compared to the proliferative phase, while CYP27B1 expression remained constant during the menstrual cycle. During the implantation window, ultrastructural evaluation showed that higher serum vitamin D levels were associated with more mature pinopodes; VDR and HOXA10 protein expression were substantially elevated in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women; and VDR protein levels were positively correlated with HOXA10 levels. In addition, serum vitamin D levels were positively correlated with VDR and HOXA10 protein levels in the endometrium.

Conclusions
Women with increased VDR expression in the endometrium, especially during the implantation window of the menstrual cycle, were significantly more likely to be pregnant than women with decreased expression. Our results support the hypothesis that the Vitamin D-VDR system performs a role during the development of endometrial receptivity.
Glucose, insulin, insulin receptor subunits α and β in normal and spontaneously diabetic and obese ob/ob and db/db infertile mouse testis and hypophysis
Authors: Pelletier R.-Marc , Layeghkhavidaki Hamed , Vitale María L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes touches young subjects of reproductive age in epidemic proportion. This study assesses glucose, total InsulinT, Insulin2 and insulin receptor subunits α and β in testis during mouse development then, in the spontaneously type 2 diabetes models associated with infertilitydb/dbandob/obmice. IR-β and α were also assessed in spermatozoa (SPZ), anterior pituitary (AP) and serum.MethodsSerum and tissue glucose were measured with enzymatic colorimetric assays and InsulinT and Insulin2 by ELISAs in serum, interstitial tissue- (ITf) and seminiferous tubule (STf) fractions in14- > 60-day-old normal anddb/db,ob/oband wild type (WT) mice. IR subunits were assessed by immunoblotting in tissues and by immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting in serum.ResultsDevelopment: Glucose increased in serum, ITf and STf. InsulinT and Insulin2 dropped in serum; both were higher in STf than in ITf. In > 60-day-old mouse ITf, insulinT rose whereas Insulin2 decreased; InsulinT and Insulin2 rose concurrently in STf. Glucose and insulin were high in > 60-day-old ITf; in STf high insulin2 accompanied low glucose. One hundred ten kDa IR-β peaked in 28-day-old ITf and 14-day-old STf. One hundred thirty five kDa IR-α was high in ITf but decreased in STf.Glucose escalated indb/dbandob/obsera. Glucose doubled in ITf while being halved in STf indb/dbmice. Glucose significantly dropped indb/dbandob/obmice spermatozoa. InsulinT and Insulin2 rose significantly in the serum, ITf and STf indb/dbandob/obmice. One hundred ten kDa IR-β and 135 kDa IR-α decreased indb/dbandob/obITf. Only 110 kDa IR-β dropped indb/dbandob/obSTf and AP. One hundred ten kDa IR-β fell indb/dbandob/obSPZ. One hundred ten kDasIR-α rose in thedb/dbandob/obmouse sera.ConclusionInsulin regulates glucose in tubules not in the interstitium. The mouse interstitium contains InsulinT and Insulin2 whereas tubules contain Insulin2. Decreased 110 kDa IR-β and 135 kDa IR-α in thedb/dbandob/obinterstitial tissue suggest a loss of active receptor sites that could alter the testicular cell insulin binding and response to the hormone. Decreased IR-β levels were insufficient to stimulate downstream effectors in AP and tubules. IR-α shedding increased indb/dbandob/obmice.
Effectiveness of prescribing physical activity in parks to improve health and wellbeing - the park prescription randomized controlled trial
Authors: Müller-Riemenschneider Falk , Petrunoff Nicholas , Yao Jiali , Ng Alwyn , Sia Angelia , Ramiah Anbumalar , Wong Michael , Han Jane , Tai Bee Choo , Uijtdewilligen Léonie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Programs promoting population health through physical activity (PA) and exposure to nature are popular, but few have been evaluated in randomized-controlled trials (RCTs).

Objective
To investigate the effectiveness of a park prescription intervention (PPI) for improving total moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), other PA related behaviors, quality of life (QoL) and cardio-metabolic health among adults.

Methods
Healthy individuals aged 40 to 65 years were recruited through community health screenings and randomly assigned to 1) PPI: face-to-face Park Prescription + invitation to weekly exercise sessions in parks, or 2) control: standard PA materials. After the six-month intervention, participants completed accelerometer assessments, questionnaires on health behaviors and QoL, and health screenings. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare outcomes between groups, with secondary analysis adjusted for co-variates via multiple linear regression. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Eighty participants were allocated to each group. Participants with mean age of 51.1 (Standard Deviation: 6.3) years were predominantly female (79%) and of Chinese ethnicity (81%). Participation in the group exercise started at 48% and declined to 24% by week 26. At six-months, 145 (91%) participants attended health screenings for outcome measure collection, and 126 (79%) provided valid accelerometer data. Time spent in MVPA favored the PPI group but this difference was not statistically significant (4.4 (− 43.8, 52.7) minutes/week; when removing 2 extreme outliers 26.8 (− 9.7, 63.4) minutes/week). Time spent in parks (147.5 (2.1, 292.9) minutes/month), PA in parks (192.5 (59.5, 325.5) minutes/month), and recreational PA (48.7 (1.4, 96.0) minutes/week) were significantly greater in the PPI group. PPI also significantly improved psychological QoL (4.0 (0.0, 8.0).

Discussion
PPI improved park use, PA in parks, recreational PA, and psychological QoL but not total MVPA. Future RCTs’ are warranted to investigate PPI in different target populations and to provide further evidence for improvements in health outcomes.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02615392, 26 November 2015.
Characteristics of the urinary microbiome in kidney stone patients with hypertension
Authors: Liu Fengping , Zhang Nan , Jiang Peng , Zhai Qixiao , Li Chen , Yu Deshui , Wu Yan , Zhang Yuwei , Lv Longxian , Xu Xinyu , Feng Ninghan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Kidney stone disease (KSD) is more common in individuals with hypertension (HTN) than in individuals with normotension (NTN). Urinary dysbiosis is associated with urinary tract disease and systemic diseases. However, the role of the urinary microbiome in KSD complicated with HTN remains unclear.

Methods
This study investigated the relationship between the pelvis urinary microbiome and blood pressure (BP) in patients with KSD co-occurring with HTN (KSD-HTN) and healthy controls (HC) by conducting 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacteria in urine samples. The urine samples were collected (after bladder disinfection) from 50 patients with unilateral kidney calcium stones and NTN (n = 12), prehypertension (pHTN; n = 11), or HTN (n = 27), along with 12 HCs.

Results
Principal coordinates analysis showed that there were significant differences in the urinary microbiomes not only between KSD patients and HCs but also between KSD-pHTN or KSD-HTN patients and KSD-NTN patients. Gardnerella dominated in HCs, Staphylococcus dominated in KSD-NTN patients and Sphingomonas dominated in both KSD-pHTN and KSD-HTN patients. The abundance of several genera including Acidovorax, Gardnerella and Lactobacillus was correlated with BP. Adherens junction and nitrogen and nucleotide metabolism pathways, among others, were associated with changes in BP.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that patients with KSD complicated with HTN have a unique urinary microbiome profile and that changes in the microbiome may reflect disease progression and may be useful to monitor response to treatments.
Transitional B cells involved in autoimmunity and their impact on neuroimmunological diseases
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zhang Ying , Han Jinming , Yang Mengge , Zhu Jie , Jin Tao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTransitional B cells (TrB cells) represent a crucial link between immature B cells in the bone marrow and mature peripheral B cells. Although TrB cells represent one of the regulatory B cell subpopulations in healthy individuals, the frequency of CD24hiCD38hi TrB cells in circulation may be altered in individuals with autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitisoptica spectrum disorders, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, and juvenile dermatomyositis. Although TrB cells play regulatory roles under inflammatory conditions, consequences of their functional impairment vary across autoimmune diseases. Since the origin, development, and function of TrB cells, especially in humans, remain unclear and controversial, this review aimed to discuss the characteristics of TrB cells at steady state and explore their role in various immune diseases, including autoimmune rheumatic diseases and neuroimmunological diseases.
A case of rectal ulcers during aspirin therapy in acute Kawasaki disease
Authors: Han Yong , Hu Chenmin , Yu Yanping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile multisystem vasculitis and has been recognized to be one of the most common causes of acquired heart disease in children. Although gastrointestinal symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain are not uncommon in KD patients, KD with lower gastrointestinal bleeding is quite rare. Here, we describe a 3-year-old boy with typical KD who had lower gastrointestinal bleeding caused by rectal ulcers on the third day of aspirin therapy.
Distinct cortical activity patterns in Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor during a bimanual tapping task
Authors: Luft Frauke , Sharifi Sarvi , Mugge Winfred , Schouten Alfred C. , Bour Lo J. , van Rootselaar Anne Fleur , Veltink Peter H. , Heida Tijtske 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by movement deficits. Especially in PD, maintaining cyclic movement can be significantly disturbed due to pathological changes in the basal ganglia and the cerebellum. Providing external cues improves timing of these movements in PD and also affects ET. The aim of this study is to determine differences in cortical activation patterns in PD and ET patients during externally and internally cued movements.

Methods
Eleven PD patients, twelve ET patients, OFF tremor suppressing medication, and nineteen age-matched healthy controls (HC) were included and asked to perform a bimanual tapping task at two predefined cue frequencies. The auditory cue, a metronome sound presented at 2 or 4 Hz, was alternately switched on and off every 30 s. Tapping at two different frequencies were used since it is expected that different brain networks are involved at different frequencies as has been shown in previous studies. Cortical activity was recorded using a 64-channel EEG cap. To establish the cortical activation pattern in each group, the task related power (TRP) was calculated for each subject. For inter-groups analysis, EEG electrodes for divided into 5 different areas.

Results
Inter-group analysis revealed significant differences in areas responsible for motor planning, organization and regulation and involved in initiation, maintenance, coordination and planning of complex sequences of movements. Within the area of the primary motor cortex the ET group showed a significantly lower TRP than the HC group. In the area responsible for combining somatosensory, auditory and visual information both patient groups had a higher TRP than the HC group.

Conclusions
Different neurological networks are involved during cued and non-cued movements in ET, PD and HC. Distinct cortical activation patterns were revealed using task related power calculations. Different activation patterns were revealed during the 2 and 4 Hz tapping task indicating different strategies to execute movements at these rates. The results suggest that a including a cued/non-cued tapping task during clinical decision making could be a valuable tool in an objective diagnostic protocol.
Prevalence of acquired drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral- experiencing subjects from 2012 to 2017 in Hunan Province of central South China
Authors: Zou Xiaobai , He Jianmei , Zheng Jun , Malmgren Roberta , Li Weisi , Wei Xiuqing , Zhang Guoqiang , Chen Xi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are few data on the prevalence of acquired drug resistance mutations (ADRs) in Hunan Province, China, that could affect the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART).ObjectivesThe main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of acquired drug resistance (ADR) the epidemic characteristics of HIV-1-resistant strains among ART-failed HIV patients in Hunan Province, China.MethodsART-experienced and virus suppression failure subjects in Hunan between 2012 and 2017 were evaluated by genotyping analysis and mutations were scored using theHIVdb.stanford.edualgorithm to infer drug susceptibility.ResultsThe prevalence of HIV-1 ADR were 2.76, 2.30, 2.98, 2.62, 2.23and 2.17%, respectively, from 2012 to 2017. Overall 2295 sequences were completed from 2932 ART-failure patients, and 914 of these sequences were found to have drug resistance mutation. The most common subtype was AE (64.14%), followed by BC (17.91%) and B (11.50%). Among those 914 patients with drug resistance mutations,93.11% had NNRTI-associated drug resistance mutations, 74.40% had NRTI drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and 6.89% had PI DRMs. Dual-class mutations were observed in 591 (64.66%) cases, and triple-class mutations were observed in 43 (4.70%) cases. M184V (62.04%), K103N (41.90%) and I54L (3.83%) were the most common observed mutations, respectively, in NRTI-, NNRTI- and PI-associated drug resistance. 93.76% subjects who had DRMs received the ART first-line regimens. CD4 count, symptoms in the past 3 months, and ART adherence were found to be associated with HIV-1 DR.ConclusionsThis study showed that although the prevalence of HIV-acquired resistance in Hunan Province is at a low-level, the long-term and continuous surveillance of HIV ADR in antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) patients is necessary.
Effects of interoceptive training on decision making, anxiety, and somatic symptoms
Authors: Sugawara Ayako , Terasawa Yuri , Katsunuma Ruri , Sekiguchi Atsushi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Interoception is the perception of afferent information that arises from any point within the body. Individual differences in interoception have been associated with affective processing and decision-making processing. The somatic marker hypothesis summarizes the potential effects of interoception on decision-making processes. According to this theory, individuals with interoceptive dysfunction exhibit disadvantageous decision making. Recently, enhancement of interoceptive accuracy, an element of interoception assessed by objective decision-making tasks, has been demonstrated using biofeedback. Garfinkle et al. developed an interoceptive training task, modified from the heartbeat perception task, which enhanced interoceptive accuracy and reduced anxiety symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of interoceptive training on decision-making processes. Based on improvements in interoceptive accuracy, we hypothesized that decision-making scores would change in a manner indicative of increased rationality.

Methods
This longitudinal interventional study was performed with interoceptive training. Before and after the intervention, interoceptive accuracy and rationality of decision-making processes were assessed using a heartbeat perception task and rational decision-making tasks, respectively. Fourteen healthy volunteers (nine women; mean age, 21.9 ± 4.5 years) participated. The analysis included data from 12 participants. To detect individual differences in the effects of interoceptive accuracy on rationality of decision making, correlation analysis was conducted on change ratios of the indices of interoceptive accuracy and rationality of decision making.

Results
Interoceptive training resulted in significant enhancement of interoceptive accuracy scores and significant reductions in somatic symptom and state anxiety scores. In contrast, interoceptive training did not cause significant changes in decision-making indices. There was a significant positive correlation between change ratios of indices of interoceptive accuracy and rationality of decision making.

Conclusions
The results suggested a causal relation between interoception and rationality of decision making. These findings will enhance the understanding of mechanisms underlying alterations of decision-making related to psychotherapy by focusing on interoception.

Trial registration
Trial registration number: UMIN000037548.
Tumor burden is a potential marker of PARP inhibitor effects in ovarian cancer: a head-to-head observational series
Authors: Ni Jing , Zhou Rui , Cheng Xianzhong , Xu Xia , Guo Wenwen , Chen Xiaoxiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Olaparib, a poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, has proven to be effective and safe as maintenance therapy and multiline therapy in ovarian cancer, especially in patients with BRCA mutations. This study intended to observe the influence of tumor load on the efficacy and safety of olaparib in recurrent ovarian cancer.

Cases presentation
Three patients harbored gBRCAwt with low tumor load (LTL), while two women harbored BRCAmt with high tumor load (HTL) were recruited. Two of the three LTL patients achieved partial response, and the other showed stable disease. Both HTL patients were assessed to have progressive disease in a short time. Olaparib appears to be effective and safe for LTL recurrent ovarian cancer patients even if it is gBRCAwt, while the response is poor in HTL patients.

Conclusions
Tumor load may be another potential marker to predict the effect of PARP inhibitors. The present head-to-head observational series provides new evidence on this issue for further research from bench to bedside in the future.