bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes self‐management education exposure and glycated haemoglobin levels among Marshallese participants in a randomized controlled study
Authors: McElfish P. A. , Long C. R. , Bursac Z. , Scott A. J. , Felix H. C. , Schulz T. K. , Worley M. A. , Rowland B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsA randomized control trial (RCT) of diabetes self‐management education (DSME), undertaken by a community‐based participatory research (CBPR) partnership between the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) and the Marshallese community in Arkansas. The RCT examined the effect of hours of intervention exposure, with the hypothesis that increased exposure is one reason the Adapted‐Family DSME was found to be more effective than the Standard DSME.MethodsSome 221 Marshallese with type 2 diabetes were randomized to an Adapted‐Family DSME group (in‐home setting) (n = 110) or a Standard DMSE group (community setting) (n = 111). The Adapted‐Family DSME included 10 h of education that covered the core self‐care elements recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and American Association of Diabetes Educators’ (AADE) recommendations. The Standard DSME included 10 h of intervention with all ADA and AADE core elements.ResultsThe number of hours of intervention exposure in the Adapted‐Family DSME arm (mean = 8.0; median = 10.0) was significantly higher than the number of hours of intervention received in the Standard DSME arm (mean = 1.5; median = 0.0). As hypothesized, higher exposure was associated with a significant reduction in HbA1c in a model including only study arm and exposure (P = 0.01), and in a model including study arm, exposure, and all demographic variables (P = 0.046).ConclusionsThis finding is consistent with previous reviews that showed increased exposure to DSME produced improved glycaemic control and ≥ 10 h of DSME produces clinically meaningful reductions in HbA1c.
Antibody‐ and macrophage‐mediated segmental demyelination in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: clinical, electrophysiological, immunological and pathological correlates
Authors: Vallat J.‐M. , Mathis S. , Vegezzi E. , Richard L. , Duchesne M. , Gallouedec G. , Corcia P. , Magy L. , Uncini A. , Devaux J. 
Published: November 2019

Background and purposeChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder critically lacking diagnostic biomarkers. Autoantibodies to nodal and paranodal components have recently been described in a small subset of patients. Here, the diagnostic value of immune reactivity toward the myelin compartment was investigated.MethodsNinety‐four French CIDP patients were retrospectively studied. The reactivity toward the peripheral nerve was investigated. Sural nerve biopsies were examined by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence.ResultsTwenty‐one patients (22%) and three patients (3%) presented with a strong immunoglobulin G or immunoglobulin M reactivity respectively against the myelin compartment. The clinical, electrophysiological and morphological features were examined in nine of these patients for whom sural nerve biopsies were available. Seven patients were electrodiagnosed with definite CIDP, one with possible CIDP and one was unclassifiable but sural nerve biopsy argued for CIDP diagnosis. Electron microscopy of sural nerve biopsies demonstrated the presence of macrophage‐mediated demyelination restricted to the internode in all nine patients. Immunolabelling for voltage‐gated sodium channels, myelin and axonal markers confirmed the presence of segmental demyelination and of remyelination. The nodal and paranodal regions, however, were unaffected in these patients. Nerve conduction studies corroborated the multifocal and segmental profile, and seven patients showed increased duration of proximal (1.5–5.1 times) and/or distal (1.2–3.4 times) compound muscle action potential in at least two nerves.ConclusionAntibody‐ and macrophage‐mediated demyelination appears responsible for conduction alterations in CIDP patients and nerve immunostaining assays may serve as a supportive diagnostic biomarker.
Skin DNA methylation profile in atopic dermatitis patients: A case–control study
Authors: Olisova Olga Yu. , Kochergin Nikolay G. , Kayumova Lyailya N. , Zavarykina Tatiana M. , Dmitriev Alexey A. , Asanov Aliy Yu. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a worldwide disease with a complex aetiology. Both genetic and environmental factors cause a predisposition to AD. DNA methylation may be an additional predisposing factor. The goal of our study was to investigate genome‐wide methylation profiles of skin from patients with AD and healthy persons. This case–control study included 12 AD patients and 6 healthy volunteers. DNA methylation levels in skin samples were analysed using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. We found that the methylation profile of skin from patients with AD was significantly different from that of healthy controls. Differential DNA methylation was observed for genes involved in a number of AD‐related processes including regulation of the immune response, activation of lymphocytes, cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of the epidermis. Our study indicates the involvement of epigenetic regulation in the development of atopic dermatitis.
Altered visual environment affects a tropical freshwater fish assemblage through impacts on predator–prey interactions
Authors: Ehlman Sean M. , Torresdal Jack D. , Fraser Douglas F. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Increased turbidity and siltation caused by rock quarrying, mining, and deforestation are pervasive disturbances in aquatic systems. Turbidity interferes with vision for aquatic organisms, potentially altering predator–prey interactions.

We studied the effects of these disturbances in Trinidadian streams by surveying predators and their shared prey both in streams with versus without quarries as well as in a focal stream before and after the establishment of a quarry. Then, to evaluate whether differential foraging success in turbid water might underlie abundance patterns of predators, we experimentally induced turbidity in mesocosms and measured predator foraging success.

Upstream quarry presence had a dramatic effect on the benthic structure of streams, greatly increasing siltation. A substantial decrease in the abundance of a diurnal cichlid predator (Crenicichla frenata) was associated with quarry presence, while a nocturnal erytherinid predator (Hoplias malabaricus) was equally as abundant in streams with or without quarries. The density of their shared prey, the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata) remained unchanged.

In mesocosm trials, Crenicichla were less successful predators with turbidity, whereas Hoplias performed equally across turbidities. These foraging success results help explain differences in demographic shifts in response to turbidity for both predators.

By relating short‐term effects of an anthropogenically altered visual environment on species interactions to abundance patterns of predators and prey, this study helps to identify an important mechanism whereby changes to species’ visual ecology may have long‐term effects on population biology.
What is the maximum nitrogen in marandu palisadegrass fertilization?
Authors: Sales Kyron C. , Cabral Carlos E. A. , Abreu Joadil G. , Barros Lívia V. , Silva Felipe G. , Cabral Carla H. A. , Santos Alyce R. M. , Silva Junior Carlos A. , Campos Filho João B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe absence of nutrient replacement, especially nitrogen (N), is one of the main causes of grazing system underutilization and tropical climate pasture degradation. Therefore, N is a very important nutrient in the pasture maintenance; however, it is necessary to know the maximum limit to be used of this nutrient, since fertilization increases production cost. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the N dose that provides the highest production of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu), and the fertilization effect on pasture degradation process and forage nutritive value. Treatments consisted in the application of : 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg N ha−1 cycle−1 of regrowth. The evaluations were carried out during the summers (November to April) of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. The highest dry matter yield (DMY) and forage accumulation rate (FAR) occurred between doses of 50 and 75 kg ha−1 cycle−1, with no change in productive potential at higher doses. The reduction in mineral content and the increase in crude protein (CP) are the main changes in the nutritional value of marandu palisadegrass, with no pronounced effect on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) and potentially digestible dry matter proportions of CP in the cell wall (CPCW) and in cellular content (CPCC).The productive effect of nitrogen fertilization under marandu palisadegrass is the increase in DMY and FAR. Thus, the use of nitrogen fertilizers in pasture systems with marandu palisadegrass has a greater impact on the area gain than the individual gain, assuming these systems, the use of nitrogen doses of 50 to 75 kg ha−1 cycle−1.
An international survey to inform priorities for new guidelines on von Willebrand disease
Authors: Kalot Mohamad A. , Al‐Khatib Mohammed , Connell Nathan T. , Flood Veronica , Brignardello‐Petersen Romina , James Paula , Mustafa Reem A. ,   For the VWD working group
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionvon Willebrand disease (VWD) is an inherited bleeding disorder caused by a quantitative or qualitative dysfunction of von Willebrand factor. Clinicians, patients and other stakeholders have many questions about the diagnosis and management of the disease.AimTo identify topics of highest importance to stakeholders that could be addressed by guidelines to be developed by the American Society of Hematology (ASH), the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH), the National Hemophilia Foundation (NHF) and the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH).MethodsA survey to determine and prioritize topics to be addressed in the collaborative development of guidelines for VWD was distributed to international stakeholders including patients, caregivers and healthcare providers (HCPs). Representatives of the four organizations coordinated the distribution strategy. The survey focused on both diagnosis and management of VWD, soliciting 7‐point Likert‐scale responses and open‐ended comments, in English, French and Spanish. We conducted descriptive analysis with comparison of results by stakeholder type, gender and countries' income classification for the rating questions and qualitative conventional content data analysis for the open‐ended responses.ResultsA total of 601 participants responded to the survey (49% patients/caregivers and 51% healthcare providers). The highest priority topics identified were diagnostic criteria/classification, bleeding assessment tools and treatment options for women and surgical patients. In contrast, screening for anaemia and differentiating plasma‐derived therapy versus recombinant therapies received lower ratings.ConclusionThis survey highlighted areas of importance to a diverse representation of stakeholders in the diagnosis and management of VWD, providing a framework for future guideline development and implementation.
The Day My Life Changed: A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Patients With New Daily Persistent Headache
Authors: Palacios‐Ceña Domingo , Talavera Blanca , Gómez‐Mayordomo Víctor , García‐Azorín David , Gallego‐Gallego María , Guerrero Ángel L. , Cuadrado María‐Luz 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the views and experiences of a group of Spanish patients suffering from new daily persistent headache (NDPH).MethodsA qualitative descriptive study was conducted with patients diagnosed with NDPH. Purposeful sampling was performed among patients attending a specialized Headache Unit at 2 university hospitals between February 2017 and December 2018. In total, 18 patients (11 women, 7 men; mean age 45.3, standard deviation 10.6) with a median duration of illness of 70 months (interquartile range, 24‐219) were recruited to this study. Data were collected through in‐depth interviews, researchers’ field notes and patients’ drawings. Thematic analysis was used to identify emerging themes.ResultsThree main themes were identified: (1) the origin of the illness and seeking answers; (2) characteristics of the pain; and (3) the impact of pain on patients’ lives. The patients precisely recalled the time of onset and the trigger of the pain. Pain was constantly present, although it varied in form. At the onset, pain was perceived as a sign of alarm while, over time, it became an invisible illness. The headache commonly had a major impact on everyday life and could cause lifestyle changes. In addition, pain could be emotionally disruptive and could also lead to family estrangement and a search for solitude.ConclusionsOur results provide insight into how NDPH is experienced, which may be helpful in managing NDPH patients. In our cohort, patients identified precipitating events but sought answers regarding the origin of their illness and their pain. Pain was a continuous sensation that had a major impact on patients’ daily lives and emotions.
Clinicodermoscopic study of histoid leprosy: a case series
Authors: Acharya Prakash , Mathur Mahesh C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundHistoid leprosy (HL) is a highly bacilliferous form of leprosy which requires early diagnosis and management. Dermoscopy is a noninvasive diagnostic method for various malignant and nonmalignant disorders. The aim of this study was to describe the dermoscopic patterns of various types of HL lesions over different body parts.MethodsThis was a hospital‐based observational study which evaluated the clinical and dermoscopic features of a series of patients with the diagnosis of HL. The diagnosis was confirmed clinically, histologically, and through the demonstration of bacilli. A handheld dermatoscope at 10x magnification in polarized mode was employed to examine multiple lesions over various body sites.ResultsA total of four patients (three female, one male) were included. Papules were the most common type of lesion, and limbs were most frequently involved. Linear branching vessels and shiny white structures were present in all cases and in all lesion types. The linear branching vessels frequently presented in the form of crown vessels. Ulcerated lesions and umbilicated lesions also showed prominent vascularity. Follicular plugging was observed in the lesions over limbs.ConclusionDermoscopy may aid in the diagnosis of HL by showing prominent dermoscopic features such as linear branching vessels and shiny white structures.
Structured active fiber fabrication and characterization of a chemically high‐purified Dy3+‐doped chalcogenide glass
Authors: Xiao Xusheng , Xu Yantao , Cui Jian , Liu Xiaogang , Cui Xiaoxia , Wang Xunsi , Dai Shixun , Guo Haitao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBy conventional melt‐quenching techniques, a series of Dy3+‐doped (0.1 to 1.0 wt%) Ga5Ge20Sb15S60 bulk glasses were fabricated and their potential for developing mid‐infrared fiber laser beyond 4 μm were evaluated, in which the optimal Dy3+ doping concentration was found to be 0.3 wt% and the largest laser quality factor value (σe × τmea = 2.62 × 10−23 cm2 s) among all of the Dy3+‐doped chalcogenide glass was obtained. On this basis, through using the chemical purification methods with chlorine gas combined with the dynamic distillation process, the high‐purity GGSS glasses with low O–H and S–H absorptions were successfully fabricated, which was confirmed by the optimized mid‐infrared linear transmittance and improved fluorescent lifetimes of Dy3+: 6H13/2, 6H11/2 levels. Furthermore, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the Dy3+‐doped, single‐mode, and double‐cladding chalcogenide fibers with the core/cladding ratios of 125:60:11 and 125:66:11.5 were achieved by a multistage rod‐in‐tube fiber drawing process and extrusion methods, respectively. The GeS2‐based fiber exhibits excellent transmission performance at 1.0‐5.0 μm: 3.0 dB/m at 2.9 μm (O–H), 2.4 dB/m at 4.1 μm (S–H). Combining the advantages of high‐purity, high doping concentration and single‐mode double‐cladding structure, the optimized active fiber should be an ideal efficient and low‐threshold medium toward mid‐infrared fiber laser beyond 4 μm.
Informal Education: A New Lens on Socially Engaged Design Practices
Authors: Spencer Anna Louise 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe disciplinary intersection between community work and design is under‐explored. Despite similarities in both the context and values of the work, there has not been a significant critical comparison of their respective approaches in either theory or practice. This article suggests that informal education offers an alternative lens to consider both disciplines and inform future practice. More specifically, it considers the relevance of informal education principles in design education and design practice that has an explicit social focus. This discussion is drawn from doctoral practitioner action research in Scotland during 2016–18. The fieldwork focused on the different outlooks and approaches to work in community settings from both design and community work perspectives.
Ethnocentrism and Higher Art Education: Lingering Legacies, Imperative Nondualities
Authors: Gall David 
Published: November 2019

AbstractArt education in the USA has made great progress toward greater inclusiveness and is generally a force against resurgent fascism. Nevertheless, higher art education theory is dominated by Euro‐Western philosophical legacies, encumbered by dualism, which impede art education’s emancipative democratising potential. Recent debate about the uselessness of aesthetics illustrate this ethnocentrism. This article analyses the ethnocentrism that lingers in the postmodern legacies that undergird the debate; then shows how engagement with nondualist philosophies, predominantly non‐Euro‐Western, can make a profound difference to art education theory and practice. They are imperative to comprehending hybridity promoting global citizenship, resisting fascism and advancing global equity.
In pursuit of meaningful occupation: Employment and occupational outcomes for older Irish adults with an intellectual disability
Authors: McCausland Darren , McCallion Philip , Brennan Damien , McCarron Mary 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdults with an intellectual disability (ID) have much lower rates of employment than their counterparts without intellectual disability, which increases their risk of poverty and social exclusion. Differential treatment of people with intellectual disability in welfare and training policies suggests an expectation they will be passive welfare recipients rather than productive employees.MethodsThis paper aims to examine occupational activities by older people with intellectual disability in Ireland, exploring factors influencing outcomes using data from the IDS‐TILDA study (n = 708).ResultsMost people were unemployed but engaged in regular occupational activity. Occupational activity was associated with better emotional/mental health. Activities of Daily Living (ADL) functioning was associated with an active occupational status, while social supports most strongly predicted high occupational engagement across a range of activities.ConclusionsA focus on the individual meaning derived from a broad range of engagement may better support people with intellectual disabilities to benefit from regular occupational activity.
Elevation of the renal threshold for glucose is associated with insulin resistance and higher glycated hemoglobin levels
Authors: Hieshima Kunio , Sugiyama Seigo , Yoshida Akira , Kurinami Noboru , Suzuki Tomoko , Ijima Hiroko , Miyamoto Fumio , Kajiwara Keizo , Jinnouchi Katsunori , Jinnouchi Tomio , Jinnouchi Hideaki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe renal threshold for glucose (RTg) corresponds to a blood glucose level of ~180 mg/dL; however, in hospitals, patients are often encountered who are hyperglycemic, but urine glucose test strip‐negative, who remain negative for urine glucose even at blood glucose concentrations >180 mg/dL, implying a high RTg value. In this study, we aimed to identify factors determining high RTg in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsWe estimated RTg (eRTg) using urinalysis data from 67 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients for whom the glucose infusion rate (GIR) was determined by hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp. After allocating patients to two groups according to their baseline eRTg (<180 mg/dL or ≥180 mg/dL), we identified the factors affecting eRTg using simple and multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsGIR, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin use and dyslipidemia differed significantly between the groups. In simple regression analysis, GIR, HbA1c, body muscle‐to‐fat ratio and insulin use were significantly correlated with eRTg; and in multiple regression analysis, GIR and HbA1c remained independent negative and positive determinants, respectively, with the contribution of GIR being substantial. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, when GIR <5.7 was used as the insulin resistance threshold, the cut‐off value of eRTg was 189 mg/dL (P = 0.0001). Furthermore, in receiver operating characteristic analysis using eRTg ≥189 mg/dL, the cut‐off value for HbA1c was 8.0% (P = 0.0006).ConclusionsHigh eRTg is associated with low GIR and high HbA1c, with GIR making a substantial contribution.
Empirical model of clinical learning environment and mentoring of culturally and linguistically diverse nursing students
Authors: Mikkonen Kristina , Merilainen Merja , Tomietto Marco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo develop and test an empirical model of clinical learning environment and mentoring of culturally and linguistically diverse nursing students.BackgroundClinical learning is an essential part of nursing education; nursing students are required to master clinical competences and build a professional identity during their education. The global mobility of nurses requires high proficiency in cultural adaptability as well as the successful integration of cultural diversity into the healthcare system on a national level.DesignThe research design was a quantitative cross‐sectional study. STROBE statement was used to enhance the quality and transparency of research.MethodsData were collected from eight universities during the 2015–2016. The analysis included data from 187 participants, collected using the CLES+T scale and CALDs. Instrument validity was tested with confirmatory factor analysis, while the hypotheses were tested with a structural equation model.ResultsPedagogical atmosphere was shown to be positively related to cultural diversity (0.66), orientation into the clinical placement (0.54) and the role of the student (0.25), and all of these relationships were statistically significant. These dimensions—with the exception of the role of the student—also showed a significantly positive influence on the mentoring relationship (respectively, 0.32, 0.71, 0.18). Fit indexes demonstrate an adequate model's fit.ConclusionsThe model needs to be further piloted and tested in organisational structures of clinical practice of culturally and linguistically diverse nursing students. The dimensions that explain mentoring in clinical learning needed to be further addressed in a theoretically consistent and empirically driven approach, according to these findings.Relevance to clinical practiceIn our study, we found that environmental and relational aspects are the most important for building an effective clinical learning environment. Universities and healthcare organisations can jointly leverage the model to foster clinical learning environments in clinical practice.