bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment as Learning in Medical Education: Feasibility and Perceived Impact of Student-Generated Formative Assessments
Authors: Lakhtakia Ritu , Otaki Farah , Zary Nabil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Self-directed learning is a vital competency, desirable to sustain lifelong competencies in health professions education. Contemporary education practices emphasize this aspect of undergraduate medical education through innovative designs of teaching and learning like the flipped classroom and team-based learning. Assessment as learning can be a unique way to inculcate active learning habits. It charges the student to create formative assessments, reinforcing student-centred deep learning, and critical thinking. This study aims to explore, from a learner perspective, the feasibility and perceived learning impact of student generated formative assessments. Methods The study design employed an educational intervention on a cohort of students in the second year of a six-year undergraduate medical program. The study design involved engaging students' in generating assessments using peer-collaboration, tutor facilitation, and feedback as part of a single course curriculum delivery. The exercise was followed by a mixed methods accrual of student perceptions through surveys. Quantitative survey data was analysed on SPSS. Qualitative inputs underwent thematic analysis. Results Students’ overall score of satisfaction with the educational intervention was 84%. On quantitative analysis, this was strongly correlated with scores for ease and impact on a 5-point Likert scale. The themes that emerged from the qualitative analysis, included: prominent characteristics, immediate gains, and expected long-term benefits of their engagement in preparing the formative assessment. Within the characteristics theme, the following categories emerged: individuals’ engagement, effective interdependencies, novelty, and time requirement. The identified immediate gains included increased motivation, and acquisition of knowledge and skills. As for the expected long-term benefits, they included critical thinking and problem solving, and clinical reasoning. Conclusions As a form of assessment associated learning, student-generated assessments are perceived as viable and constructive, and a stimulating educational exercise by the student-authors. In the short term, the activity constituted for the students a fun, challenging opportunity to deep dive into the content, be creative in designing questions, and improve exam-taking skills. Students expected the long-term effects to include enhancement of critical thinking, and inculcation of student-centred attributes of lifelong learning and peer collaboration, vital to the practice of medicine.
Ibuprofen alters epoxide hydrolase activity and epoxy-oxylipin metabolites associated with different metabolic pathways in murine livers
Authors: Tiwari Shuchita , Yang Jun , Morisseau Christophe , Durbin-Johnson Blythe , Hammock Bruce , Gomes Aldrin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Over the last decade oxylipins have become more recognized for their involvement in several diseases. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen are known to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, but how NSAIDs affect oxylipins, in addition to COX products, in animal tissues is not well understood. Investigation of oxylipins in livers from male and female mice treated with 100mg/kg/day of ibuprofen for 7 days showed that oxylipins and COX products that were altered by ibuprofen in male livers were 7 times more than in female livers. In male and female livers some prostaglandins were altered, while diols, hydroxy fatty acids and epoxides were only significantly altered in male livers. Some soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) products, such as 9,10-DiHODE were found to be decreased, while sEH substrates (such as 9(10)-EpODE) were found to be increased in male livers treated with ibuprofen, but not in female livers. The enzymatic activities of sEH and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) were elevated by ibuprofen in both males and females. Analyzing the influence of sex on the effect of ibuprofen on oxylipins and COX products showed that approximately 27% of oxylipins detected were influenced by sex. The results reveal that ibuprofen disturbs not only the COX pathway, but also the CYP450 and lipoxygenase pathways in male mice, suggesting that ibuprofen is likely to generate sex related differences in biologically active oxylipins. Increased sEH activity is likely to be one of the mechanisms by which ibuprofen alters the CYP450 pathway.
Changes in the Urine Proteome in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer After Different Drug Treatments
Authors: Zhang Yameng , Heng Ziqi , Wei Jing , Wang Yingyi , Gao Youhe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most threatening diseases to human life and health because of its mortality. How to choose more efficient drugs and the appropriate timing of treatment for patients with advanced lung cancer is still a problem. As the urine proteome can sensitively reflect the pathological or physiological changes of the body, it has the potential to reflect the dynamic changes of the body after drug treatment. To investigate the changes in the urine proteome of patients with advanced lung cancer after different drug treatments, urine samples were collected and analyzed at different time points. The changes in the urine proteome from the pretreatment state were different in each patient, although some of them were treated with the same drugs. The changes in the biological processes reflected by the differential urinary proteins were consistent with the changes in the clinical manifestations of the patients. This study demonstrates that the pathophysiological changes of patients with advanced lung cancer can be reflected by changes in urinary protein after different drug treatments. In addition, the changes in urinary proteins can reflect the different biological processes in patients after the same drug treatment, and the patients’ clinical condition assessment results are consistent with these changes. These findings may provide additional information for clinical treatment.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Factors Among Diarrheal Outpatients in South Gondar Zone, Northwest, Ethiopia
Authors: Yemata Getaneh , Azanaw Melkalem , Bilal Lemma , Mekonnen Birku 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are major public health problems in several tropical and subtropical developing countries with poor socio-economic status including Ethiopia. Diarrheal patients are a major part of the population with a high risk of intestinal parasitosis. There is a scarcity of studies on intestinal parasite infection among diarrheal patients in South Gondar. As a result, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasite infection among diarrheal patients in this area. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March to May 2019 with a structured questionnaire data collection technique. A total sample of 240 diarrheal patients included in the study and a simple random sampling technique was used. The stool sample from each study subject was collected and analyzed by direct wet mount techniques. Data were entered in Epi Data Version 4.6.0.0 and exported to Stata version 14 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to measure the association of factors with the outcome variable. Factors that have an association with the outcome variable at p-value 0.25 was taken into the multivariable logistic regression analysis to control the potential confounders. The result of the final model will be expressed in terms of adjusted Odd Ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) and statistical significance will be declared if the P-value is less than 0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among 240 diarrheal patients was 45.4%. The majorities of the positive cases were single infections (85.2%) while the remains were double infections (14.8%). Among the intestinal parasitic infections Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (E. histolytica/dispar) was the highest 60 (55.5%), and followed by Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) 26 (24.1%), Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides) 4(3.7%), hookworm4(3.7%) and Enterobius vermicularis 4(3.7%). The presence of intestinal parasitic infections had significantly associated with marital status (AOR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.18,0.91).),shoe-wearing habit (AOR:2.81; 95% CI:1.07,7.37) and fingernail cleanliness (AOR:5.12; 95% CI: 2.35,11.12). Conclusion: Intestinal parasitic infections were a highly prevalent health problem among populations in Lay Gaynte woreda. Poor hygiene of fingernails and no shoes wearing a habit were risk factors for intestinal parasites infection among diarrheal patients.
Identification of Hub Genes, Modules and Metabolic Pathways Associated With Lung Adenocarcinoma: A System Biology Approach
Authors: Roudi Raheleh , Beikzadeh Behnaz , Roviello Giandomenico , D'angelo Alberto , Hadizadeh Morteza 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common and fatal malignant tumour worldwide with a five‐year overall survival rate of only 15%. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a heterogeneous disease. The use of microarray datasets along with bioinformatics knowledge might help to clarify the expression profile of cancer, molecular markers for the initial screening of tumour and the underlying biological mechanisms. The present study is designed to identify differential expression genes and molecular mechanisms of LUAD compared to normal lung tissues using systems biology approaches.Methods Four GSE datasets (GSE75037, GSE63459, GSE32863 and GSE10072) were selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Data processing and meta-analysis were performed using the R statistical programming language, The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with each stage were obtained. The common and unique DEGs between stages of LUAD and adjacent normal lung tissues were initiated by Venny tool. Common genes, including upregulated and downregulated genes, were then analyzed to a STRING database to obtain protein-protein interaction (PPI). STRING output was analyzed by MCODE and CytoHubba applications of Cytoscape to identify modules of co-expression and hub genes, respectively.Results The shared upregulated and downregulated DEGs among LUAD stages were 22 and 140 genes, respectively, when compared to normal lung tissues. Unique genes for each stage were also identified. The hub genes were PECAM1, TEK, CDH5, VWF and ANGPT1. Most of the top cluster genes were enriched for Gα(s) signalling events, GPCR ligand binding, class B/2 (Secretin family receptors), platelet activation, signalling and aggregation in the main three co-expression clusters. Most of the shared genes (16 genes) were enriched in the metabolic pathway of hemostasis. Meaningful signaling pathways for unique genes were found at each stage.Conclusions In the present study main three co-expression clusters, metabolic pathways and biological processes were identified to understand mechanisms underlying LUAD pathogenesis, development and progression at different stages. Unique upregulated and downregulated DEGs at each stage were identified with FERMT1 and SIX1 as specific early-stage diagnostic biomarkers for stage IB and IIB. 5 hub genes were observed, including PECAM1, TEK, CDH5, vWF and ANGPT1 which might be crucial for the onset and progression of LUAD.
PrimeDesign software for rapid and simplified design of prime editing guide RNAs
Authors: Hsu Jonathan , Grünewald Julian , Szalay Regan , Shih Justine , Anzalone Andrew , Lam Kin Chung , Shen Max , Petri Karl , Liu David , Joung J. Keith , Pinello Luca 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Prime editing (PE) is a versatile genome editing technology, but design of the required guide RNAs is more complex than for standard CRISPR-based nucleases or base editors. Here we describe PrimeDesign, a user-friendly, end-to-end web application and command-line tool for the design of PE experiments. PrimeDesign can be used for single and combination editing applications, as well as genome-wide and saturation mutagenesis screens. Using PrimeDesign, we constructed PrimeVar, a comprehensive and searchable database that includes candidate prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) and nicking sgRNA (ngRNA) combinations for installing or correcting >68,500 pathogenic human genetic variants from the ClinVar database. Finally, we used PrimeDesign to design pegRNAs/ngRNAs to install a variety of human pathogenic variants in human cells.
Cancer-associated Fibroblasts Release Exosomal CBFB&nbsp;That Dictate an Aggressive Bone Metastasis Phenotype in Breast Cancer&nbsp;
Authors: Su Chih Ming , Huang Wen-Chien , Kuo Kuang-Tai , Hsieh Ming-Shou , Fong Iat-Hang , Yeh Chi-Tai , Lin Chih-Cheng , Chao Tsu-Yi , Lee Wei-Hwa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Construction and Validation of a Ferroptosis-related Prognostic Signature in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sun Zhuolun , Jing Changying , Xiao Chutian , Zhang Mingxiao , Wang Zhenqing , Li Mingzhao , Wang Hua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common and lethal renal cell carcinoma (RCC) histological subtype. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death and serves an essential role in tumor occurrence and development. The purpose of this study is to analyze ferroptosis-related gene (FRG) expression profiles and to construct a multi-gene signature for predicting the prognosis of KIRC patients.Methods:RNA-sequencing data and clinicopathological data of KIRC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed FRGs between KIRC and normal tissues were identified using ‘limma’ package in R. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted to elucidate the biological functions and pathways of differentially expressed FRGs. Consensus clustering was used to investigate the relationship between the expression of FRGs and clinical phenotypes. Univariate and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis were used to screen genes related to prognosis and construct the optimal signature. Then, a nomogram was established to predict individual survival probability by combining clinical features and prognostic signature.Results: A total of 19 differentially expressed FRGs were identified. Consensus clustering identified two clusters of KIRC patients with distinguished prognostic. Functional analysis revealed that metabolism-related pathways were enriched, especially lipid metabolism. A 7-gene ferroptosis-related prognostic signature was constructed to stratify the TCGA training cohort into high- and low-risk groups where the prognosis was significantly worse in the high-risk group. The signature was identified as an independent prognostic indicator for KIRC. These findings were validated in the testing cohort, the entire cohort, and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort. We further demonstrated that the signature-based risk score was highly associated with the KIRC progression. Further stratified survival analysis showed that the high-risk group had a significantly lower overall survival (OS) rate than those in the low-risk group. Moreover, we constructed a nomogram that had a strong ability to forecast the OS of the KIRC patients.Conclusion: We constructed a ferroptosis-related prognostic signature, which might provide a reliable prognosis assessment tool for clinician to guide clinical decision-making and outcomes research.
Follow Up of COVID-19 Features in Recovered Adults without Comorbidities– Persistent Symptoms and Lab-Abnormalities
Authors: Varghese Julian , Sandmann Sarah , Vollenberg Richard , Ochs Kevin , Schrempf Inga , Froemmel Christopher , Dugas Martin , Schmidt Hartmut , Tepasse Phil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: With increasing numbers of patients recovering from COVID-19, there is increasing evidence for persisting symptoms and the need for follow-up studies. Methods: This retrospective study included patients without comorbidities, who recovered from COVID-19 and attended an outpatient clinic at a university hospital for follow-up care and potential convalescent plasma donation. Network analysis was applied to visualize symptom combinations and persistent symptoms. Comprehensive lab-testing was ascertained at each follow-up to analyze differences regarding patients with vs without persistent symptoms. Results: 116 patients were included, age range was 18-69 years (median: 41) with follow-ups ranging from 22 to 102 days. The three most frequent persisting symptoms were Fatigue (54%), Dyspnea (29%) and Anosmia (25%). Lymphopenia was present in 13 of 112 (12%) cases. Five of 35 cases (14%) had Lymphopenia in the later follow-up range of 80-102 days. Serum IgA concentration was the only lab parameter with significant difference between patients with vs without persistent symptoms with reduced serum IgA concentrations in the patient cohort of persisting symptoms (p=0.0219). Conclusion: Lymphopenia persisted in a noticeable percentage of recovered patients. Moreover, higher serum IgA concentration is associated with a positive effect regarding symptom persistence.
Model to assess workload of village doctors in the National Essential Public Health Services Program in six provinces of China
Authors: Yin Delu , Yin Tao , Yang Huiming , Wang Lihong , Chen Bowen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: No studies, particularly quantitative analyses, have been conducted regarding the workload of village doctors in the National Essential Public Health Services (NEPHS) program and differences in service delivery by village doctors, according to region and services. In this study, we developed a quantitative analysis approach to measure the workload of NEPHS provided by village doctors in six provinces of China in 2016. We aimed to identify areas and services of the NEPHS needing improvement, so as to implement targeted measures to ensure adequate delivery of NEPHSs in rural remote underserved areas.Methods: Based on survey data from 300 town hospital centers (THCs) located in 60 counties in the six selected provinces, we calculated village doctors’ share of workload under the NEPHS using the equivalent value (EV) model. To define the workload and corresponding EV of each NEPHS, a series of five meetings was held with THC managers, public health workers, family physicians, nurses and village doctors. Field observations were conducted to verify the workload and EV of each service.Results: Village doctors’ share of the workload under the NEPHS program was 43.71% across the 300 sampled THCs in six provinces. The village doctors’ workload shares for different NEPHS ranged from 17.14% to 57.00%. The percentage workload undertaken by village doctors under the NEPHS program varied across different provinces, with the highest proportion 63.4% and the lowest 28.5%.Conclusions: The total NEPHS workload assigned to village doctors by THCs in the six sampled provinces exceeded the Chinese government’s requirement of 40%, but the workload proportion in some provinces was less than 40%. In addition, the percentage workload for some NEPHS undertaken by village doctors was lower than others. We suggest conducting district-level analysis of the workload among village doctors under the NEPHS program using the EV method, to identify areas and services needing improvement, to implement targeted measures to expand and promote health service provision in China’s rural underserved areas.
Deep neural networks for high harmonic spectroscopy in solids
Authors: Klimkin Nikolai , Ivanov Misha (Mikhail) 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Neural networks are a prominent tool for identifying and modeling complex patterns, which are otherwise hard to detect and analyse. While machine learning and neural networks have
been finding applications across many areas of science and technology, their use in decoding ultrafast
dynamics of quantum systems driven by strong laser fields has been limited so far. Here we use deep neural networks to analyze spectra of highly nonlinear optical response
of a crystal to intense few-cycle laser pulses. We construct a deep neural network that can efficiently utilize such spectra to resolve both the complex spectral phase of ultrashort laser pulses and simultaneously reconstruct the band structure of the crystal. Our results offer a new tool for attosecond spectroscopy of quantum dynamics and also open a route to developing all-solid-state devices for complete characterization of few-cycle pulses, including their nonlinear chirp and the carrier envelope phase.
Sustainable life-cycle assessment of mixing approaches in water storage tanks
Authors: Fard Mohammad Alizadeh , Barkdoll Brian D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Poor mixing in water storage tanks can cause stagnant zones that could pose negative public health effects. The present study uses Life Cycle Assessment to decide among the only three mixing options available, namely sprinkler, multiple inlets, and a mechanical mixer for the first time. These options were compared using different life-cycle assessment (LCA) tools using an 80-year lifetime as the functional unit while assuming that all three options result in acceptable water quality. Using SimaPro modeling software as well as the IPCC 2013 GWP 100a V1.0 and Cumulative Energy Demand methods, these three mixing approaches were compared with and without waste recycling. Results showed that application of a sprinkler is the least expensive option. Damage-cost analyses for categories of human health, ecosystem quality, and resources showed that a sprinkler caused the least damage and cost, while a mixer resulted in the most damage and cost.
COMO PROMOVER ALIMENTAÇÃO SAUDÁVEL PARA CRIANÇAS EM TEMPOS DE COVID-19?
Authors: Gabriela Fernandes Assunção Débora , Freitas de Oliveira Amanda , Mclaine Costa Saraiva Fully Thalita , Danielly da Silva Ribeiro Karla 
Published: November 2020

O distanciamento social provocado pela pandemia da COVID-19 trouxe mudanças na rotina, sendo essencial manter/promover práticas alimentares saudáveis neste período. Assim, o projeto “Promoção da Assistência Nutricional Materno-Infantil: grupo AMInutri (PJ227-2020)” desenvolveu remotamente uma cartilha composta por receitas práticas, baseadas nas diretrizes nacionais, para estimular o ato de cozinhar com crianças, como uma ferramenta para promoção da alimentação saudável. A cartilha foi divulgada em diversas páginas eletrônicas e redes sociais, sendo obtidos relatos com fotos e vídeos de sua execução. Também foi traduzida para a língua inglesa para compor e-book e aumentar sua disseminação. Esse produto cumpriu o papel da extensão universitária, articulando saberes/competências do ensino, pesquisa e extensão em prol do bem estar da sociedade durante a pandemia.
Palavras-chave: Isolamento Social, Alimentação Infantil, Culinária