bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflexión sobre algunos conceptos clave de la investigación en educación Matemática: didáctica, concepto, competencia, esquema y situación
Authors: D’Amore Bruno , Fandiño Pinilla Martha Isabel 
Published: March 2020

La Educación Matemática, como campo disciplinario para la producción de conocimientos en torno a los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Matemática, se consolida cada vez más en el ámbito internacional. Múltiples son los estudios que se llevan a cabo en los diferentes países; esto ha generado el uso con diferentes significados de varias expresiones, tales como Didáctica, Concepto, Competencia, Esquema, Situación, entre otros. En este breve ensayo, el autor lleva a cabo algunas reflexiones que pretenden clarificar, desde cierta perspectiva, los significados de estos términos clave que aparecen a menudo en los textos que se ocupan de la investigación en Educación Matemática.

Palabras clave: didáctica de la matemática, concepto, competencia, esquema, situación.

Abstract
Mathematics Education, as a disciplinary field for the production of knowledge around the teaching-learning processes of Mathematics, is increasingly consolidated in the international arena. There are multiple studies that are carried out in different countries; this has generated the use with different meanings of several expressions, such as Didactics, Concept, Competence, Scheme, Situation, among others. In this brief essay, the author carries out some reflections that seek to clarify, from a certain perspective, the meanings of these key terms that often appear in the texts that deal with research in Mathematics Education.
Keywords: mathematics didactics, concept, competence, scheme, situation.

Resumo
A Educação Matemática, como campo disciplinar para a produção de conhecimento em torno dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem da Matemática, está cada vez mais consolidada na arena internacional. Existem vários estudos que são realizados em diferentes países; Isso gerou o uso de diferentes significados de várias expressões, como Didática, Conceito, Competência, Esquema, Situação, entre outros. Neste breve ensaio, o autor realiza algumas reflexões que procuram esclarecer, de certa perspectiva, os significados desses termos fundamentais que geralmente aparecem nos textos que lidam com a pesquisa em Educação Matemática.
Palavras-chave: didática de matemática, conceito, competência, esquema, situação.
Reto al ingenio probabilístico: una propuesta didáctica para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de las probabilidades
Authors: Gandica-de-Roa Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

Esta investigación se orienta hacia la utilización de juegos inéditos de mesa, como herramienta metodológica de apoyo al proceso de enseñanza de probabilidades, propuestos por estudiantes de Estadística en Ingeniería Industrial de la Universidad Experimental Nacional del Táchira (UNET).
El proyecto surge como estrategia para mejorar las dificultades de aprendizaje de modelos de probabilidad, dirigido a disminuir el alto índice de reprobados en el tema, además de ampliar las potencialidades intelectuales y creativas del alumno, involucrándole en un proceso recreativo que impulsa habilidades de razonamiento, creatividad y procesamiento lógico estadístico. Diversos autores han mostrado que a través del diseño de juegos de mesa didácticos, enfocados a “aprender jugando”, se puede lograr un aprendizaje significativo, divertido y prolífero.
Además de inducir creatividad e ingenio, los cuales constituyen pilares fundamentales en los estudios de Ingeniería. En este ambiente, los estudiantes inventan el juego de azar, establecen sus reglas, diseñan sus entidades y tablero, y plantean interrogantes mediante la identificación de relaciones entre el juego y los conceptos de teoría de probabilidades aprendidos durante las clases impartidas. El juego debe contener distintos planteamientos teóricos, los cuales requieren ser resueltos por los jugadores para avanzar en el mismo.
A través del desarrollo del juego se realizan evaluaciones sobre conceptos propios de la asignatura, lo cual resulta en una propuesta didáctica innovadora, que estimula el aprendizaje y adquisición de conocimiento que ayuda a reducir temores hacia el cálculo e interpretación de los eventos probabilísticos.
Análise de custo-minimização da troca entre medicamento referência e biossimilar (infliximab): sustentabilidade na relação tratamento vs. sistema de saúde suplementar
Authors: Ramires Yohanna , Tartari De Oliveira Bruna Mariana , De Sousa Fernando Miguel , Lind Jolline , Ganem Longhi Joy , Lopes Rocha Jaime Luis 
Published: March 2020

Introdução: Infliximab (IFX) é um anticorpo monoclonal, amplamente empregado no tratamento de doenças autoimunes. No entanto, seu elevado custo é um fator limitante de acesso à terapia. Com o advento dos biossimilares (BSM), cópias autorizadas de medicamentos biológicos referência, e seus custos reduzidos, esta realidade pode ser modificada. A partir da troca entre um medicamento referência pelo seu BSM é esperada economia significativa, com a mesma resposta clínica, contribuindo para uma relação sustentável entre o sistema de saúde e o acesso ao tratamento. Objetivo: avaliar o impacto financeiro a partir de análise de custo-minimização, das versões referência e biossimilar do IFX em uma operadora de plano de saúde com mais de 500.000 vidas em Curitiba, Paraná. Metodologia: estudo retrospectivo e descritivo, seguido de análise de custo-minimização entre os beneficiários que fizeram uso de IFX, de 1 de janeiro de 2016 a 31 de dezembro de 2017, através de dados secundários extraídos do sistema informatizado da operadora. Avaliou-se possível permutaentre as drogas a fim de descrever a economia da hipotética substituição. Estabeleceram-se como critérios de exclusão o pagamento indevido da tecnologia, não pagamento e glosas justificadas. Após exclusão, calcularam-se despesas individuais e totais do IFX através dos custos das apresentações. Custos diretos e indiretos de materiais e profissionais envoltos no cuidado não foram incorporados ao cálculo. As análises econômicas foram conduzidas através do software Excel®, versão 2007. Resultados: evidenciou-se que 185 pacientes, totalizando 1.441 liberações, fizeram uso de IFX referência no período avaliado. Destas, 31 liberações foram excluídas devido aos critérios devidamente estipulados. Por fim, 1.410 liberações foram incluídas no estudo. A análise de custo identificou utilização de 5.354 frascos de IFX referência, por 13 especialidades, totalizando R$ 22.937.911,30 de despesas, que incluem valores pagos pela tecnologia e taxas de infusão, e média de R$ 16.268,02 (±R$ 4.257,91) por liberação e R$ 123.988,71 (±R$ 84.855,52) por paciente. Quando aplicada a mudança hipotética, o custo ajustado passa a R$ 16.099.739,66, média de R$ 11.418,26 (±R$ 2.975,37) e R$ 87.025,62 (±R$ 59.419,06) por liberação e beneficiário, respectivamente. Perfazendo um valor diferencial de R$ 6.838.171,64 na suposta economia de recursos. Conclusão: a análise econômica no tratamento com imunobiológicos mostra-se extremamente relevante, pois contribui com o melhor uso da terapêutica de custo elevado garantindo a sustentabilidade do sistema de saúde. Medicamentos BSM apresentam-se como uma opção custo-minimizatória em comparação com o tratamento referência para saúde suplementar.
Impacto de erros no uso de medicamentos relacionados a hipoglicemiantes dentro das redes de atenção à saúde no sistema de saúde suplementar
Authors: Ramalho Rodrigues Sarah , Ferreira Gomes Ligia 
Published: March 2020

Desde o estabelecimento das guias de boas práticas relacionadas à notificação e cuidado de Erros de Medicação – Medication Errors, a via de como os profissionais direcionam suas as informações relacionadas aos eventos adversos vem sendo questionada. Os hipoglicemiantes representam uma importante classe de medicação alvo deste tipo de ocorrência, como evento adverso corriqueiro ao paciente diabético. Neste trabalho, a notificação de eventos de hipoglicemia relacionada ao uso de medicamentos hipoglicemiantes foi avaliada a partir da análise descritiva de informações contidas em uma base de dados de contas médicas do Sistema deda Saúde Suplementar referentes ao período de Janeiro de 2010 a Dezembro de 2016. A análise centrou-se no levantamento dos eventos hospitalares e número de pacientes registrados com CID’s relacionados a hipoglicemia e diabetes. Os resultados foram organizados em três grupos: amostra geral, pacientes com eventos de hipoglicemia e pacientes em uso de hipoglicemiantes. O levantamento inicial da amostra total de 50.709 pacientes relacionados a 74.874 eventos durante o período foram analisados e somente 0,2% destes eventos estavam notificados como relacionados ao uso de hipoglicemiantes. O grupo de pacientes em uso de hipoglicemiantes também apresentou frequência de internações maior do que a encontrada na amostra geral e na amostra com hipoglicemia. A distribuição de eventos de hipoglicemia pôde indicar que a prevalência de eventos de hipoglicemia associada ao diabetes está claramente subnotificada, sendo o uso de hipoglicemiantes associado a maior taxa de internação. Conclui-se que o sistema de notificação de eventos relacionados ao uso de hipoglicemiantes precisa ser aperfeiçoado e propõe-se a capacitação das equipes multiprofissionais que atuam na atenção ao paciente diabético como intervenção.
Variations and Changes in Language Acqisition in Children
Authors: S D Sudeep 
Published: March 2020

Children acquire language spontaneously without being explicitly taught how. Their mastery of sounds passes through stages determined by a progression from unmarked to more marked sounds, unmarked ones also being those most commonly found in languages and least likely to erode over time, as discovered by founding linguist Roman Jakobson. Their mastery of other aspects of grammar proceeds along with their ability to master rules, rather than simply memorize.
It was once thought that children learned to speak simply by imitating adults: They hear adults saying words, and then they pick up words. However, modern linguists have found that it is something apparently innate to the species, and thus it proceeds according to basic aspects of linguistic structure.
Most children start producing words from a time between the age eight and twelve months. Many children have ten words in their vocabulary at the age of fifteen months. They gradually pick up speed from that point onwards. An eighteen month old child may learn only one or two new words a day; whereas a four year old will acquire a dozen. Children do not just master a basket of words and expressions. There’s something more constrained and systematic going on. Words are just empty shells. There is no point in learning a new word if they don’t learn its meaning. Children are remarkably good at this too. They are able to learn a word’s meaning at the first time they hear it used. For instance; a child sees a cow running in a field and hear his/her mother say “cow” the child typically will figure out the right way that the word refers to the animal; not to its colour, or to its legs or to the fact that its running.
A Lexical Analysis of Words Signifying Happiness in Dickens' Novel Oliver Twist
Authors: Alwan Zainab Hussein 
Published: March 2020

Being a transient state, happiness extends from the highest degree of pleasure to the lowest one. It differs from one person to another. Lexically, happiness can be fulfilled by using certain words that are used to describe this feeling. The existing study tries tofind answers for the subsequent queries:

What are the most common words uttered to express happiness in Dickens' novel Oliver Twist?
Is there a distinction between happiness and other negative feelings in the texts above?
Do they all have the same indications of happiness?

This paper aims at:

Examining the semantic aspects of words denoting happiness in Dickens' novel Oliver Twist.
Identifying the correlation between happiness and other negative feelings in the text above.

3.Investigating the implied meaning of that words used in this particular novel.
KAJIAN POLA PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DAN STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN WILAYAH KEPESISIRAN PURWOREJO
Authors: Kharisma Gaby Nanda , Ghiffari Rizky Adriadi , Surono Surono , Busrah Zulfitrani , Effendy Zulhan , Khakim Nurul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurworejo is a regency on the southern coast of Java has a potential resource but due to the aspect of disaster risk, this regency is also classified in the disaster risk assessment index class starting from the low, middle and high classes. The research objective is to examine the physical characteristics and land use patterns of coastal areas in Purworejo Regency, Central Java to then determine the coastal area strategy in the area. The location of the study is Munggangsari Beach, Grabag District, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province. The methods used in this study include literature studies, remote sensing, field surveys (observation and measurement), and interviews. From the results of data and image analysis, there was an increase in livestock and pond fisheries activities in the Purworejo Coastal area from 2006 to 2014. The existence of these activities has the potential to harm the surrounding environment, one of which is groundwater quality. Whereas land use in the form of vacant and physical land generally decreases in area. This shows that from 2006 - 2016 there was high population pressure. Policy, technical capacity (early warning system procurement) is needed for the institution and strong emergency response mechanism in its application.Keywords: Purworejo, Coastal Region, Disaster risk, Remote Sensing, Early Warning System AbstrakPurworejo sebagai kabupaten yang berada di wilayah kepesisiran selatan Pulau Jawa memiliki potensi sumberdaya tetapi bila ditinjau dari aspek risiko bencana kabupaten ini juga terkasifikasi pada kelas indeks kajian risiko bencana mulai dari kelas rendah, menengah, dan tinggi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji karakteristik fisik dan pola penggunaan lahan wilayah kepesisiran Kabupaten Purworejo, Jawa Tengah untuk kemudian menentukan strategi wilayah kepesisiran pada daerah tersebut. Lokasi kajian yakni Pantai Munggangsari, Kecamatan Grabag, Kabupaten Purworejo, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi studi literatur, penginderaan jauh, survei lapangan (pengamatan dan pengukuran langsung), dan wawancara. Dari hasil analisis data dan citra terjadi peningkatan aktivitas peternakan dan perikanan tambak di wilayah Pesisir Purworejo dari tahun 2006 hingga 2014. Adanya aktivitas kegiatan tersebut berpotensi memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan sekitar salah satunya terhadap kualitas airtanah. Sedangkan untuk penggunaan lahan berupa tanah kosong dan gisik pada umumnya terjadi penurunan luasan. Hal tersebut menunjukkan dari tahun 2006 – 2016 terjadi tekanan penduduk yang tinggi. Dibutuhkan kebijakan, kapasitas teknis (pengadaan sistem peringatan dini) pada lembaga serta mekanisme penanganan darurat bencana yang kuat dalam pengaplikasiannya.Kata Kunci: Purworejo, Wilayah Kepesisiran, Risiko bencana, Penginderaan Jauh, EWS
EDITORIAL: Free speech in Fiji
Authors: Robie David 
Published: March 2020

Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart informa tion and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.- Article 19, Universal Declaration of Human Rights
When military strongman Commodore Voreqe Bainimarama staged his creeping coup d’état on 5 December 2006—Fiji’s fourth in two decades—he was quick to declare: ‘We will uphold media freedom’ (cited in Foster, 2007). Barely two and a half years later, when he finished off the job with a putsch—dubbed ‘coup 4.5’ by some—and after having expelled three publishers, two New Zealand diplomats and five journalists over the intervening period, he told Radio New Zealand freedom of speech ‘causes trouble’ and must be curbed to allow the military government do its work (Bainimarama: Free speech ‘causes trouble’, 15 April 2009).
Noted: Primer migrates online
Authors: Middleton Julie 
Published: March 2020

The trio of books dubbed The News Manual, which grew out of a search in the mid-1980s for resources for University of Paua New Guinea students, were published in 1991 with backing from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).
Thorough and clear guide to basic reporting skills, including ethics, the law, and English grammar, their 700 pages formed an important resource in a region where only a lucky few got tertiary training, let alone specialised journalism coaching, and were (still are) often plucked from a short secondary school career and thrown in the deep end.
'Impartial'? No, this is a tribute to a people's suffering
Authors: Robie David 
Published: March 2020

Kunda Dixit is a remarkable journalist innovator. He has been one of the visionary writers who have beeen able to make sense of development journalism and development communication theory and translate this into practice. A decade before this book, his Dateline.Earth: Journalism.as.if.the.planet.mattered (1996) became a sought after classic and should be in every South Pacific newsroom (but is actually in very few).
Journalists and aid workers – an ambivalent relationship
Authors: Westphal Florian 
Published: March 2020

Commentary: The relationship between the news media and humanitarians remains extremely important as both play a key role in terms of shaping of what we know and how we experience armed conflicts of which most of us have no first-hand knowledge. By shaping public perceptions, these two actors also influence the actions taken by governments and the international community to put an end to or alleviate the suffering caused by wars. Yet, as this keynote address at the Reporting Wars conferences in Sydney and Wellington in May 2009 seeks to explain, there is nothing automatic about this process.
The Pacific right to know in the Digital Age
Authors: Herman Francis 
Published: March 2020

Commentary: The explosion of mobile telephony in some islands of the South Pacific has literally connected our peoples to the rest of the world and opened up access to a wide variety of information. While there are some who view this expansion as a huge threat to the traditional media, the ongoing development and expansion of this technology presents the traditional media with enormous opportunities to reach a wider audience at basically little cost. But of course there is also a financial cost to the consumer, which in the case of the South Pacific can be a significant issue.
Pacific freedom of the press: Case studies in independent campus-based media models
Authors: Robie David 
Published: March 2020

South Pacific university-based journalism school publications were innovative newspaper publishers from 1975 onwards and among early pioneers of online publishing in the mid-1990s. Several publications have become established long-term with viable economic models and have had an impact on Oceania’s regional independent publishing. All have been advocates of a free press and freedom of expression under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Among early trendsetters were Uni Tavur, Liklik Diwai in Papua New Guinea, and Wansolwara and Pacific Journalism Online in Fiji. Wansolwara and its online edition was also the flagbearer for independent publishing under the pressure of two coups d’état in 2000 and 2006 in Fiji. All newspapers have contended with censorship in various forms. Now Wansolwara has embarked on a publishing partnership with a leading post-coup Fiji daily newspaper. This article analyses the independent media published by communication studies educational programmes in Fiji and Papua New Guinea. It examines how a variety of niche publishing formula have boosted independent coverage and issues-based journalism on wide-ranging topics such as human rights, news media facing censorship and freedom of information.
Pengaruh keberadaan gulma (Ageratum conyzoides dan Boreria alata) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga ukuran varietas kedelai (Glycine max L. Merr) pada percobaan pot bertingkat
Authors: Kilkoda Abdul Karim , Nurmala Tati , Widayat Dedi 
Published: March 2020

Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jati-nangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji eksudat akar yang terdapat pada gulma Ageratum conyzoides dan Borreria alata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai. Percobaan dilakukan mulai dari bulan Oktober 2014 sampai dengan bulan Desember 2014 dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial. Faktor perlakuan pertama adalah jenis gulma terdiri dari 3 taraf antara lain gulma A. Conyzoides, gulma B. alata dan tanpa gulma (kontrol). Perlakuan kedua adalah ukuran benih varietas kedelai yang terdiri dari 3 taraf. Total kombinasi perlakuan adalah 9 kombinasi perlakuan, dengan 3 kali ulangan, sehingga diperoleh 27 perlakuan. Rancangan perlakuan adalah Tanpa Gulma + varietas Gepak Kuning (benih ukuran kecil); Tanpa Gulma + varietas Gema (benih ukuran sedang); Tanpa Gulma + varietas Grobogan (benih ukuran besar); Gulma A. conyzoides + Gepak kuning (benih ukuran kecil); Gulma A. conyzoides + Gema (benih ukuran sedang); Gulma A. conyzoides + Grobogan (benih ukuran besar); Gulma B. alata + Gepak kuning (benih ukuran kecil); Gulma B. alata + Gema (benih ukuran sedang); Gulma B. alata + Grobogan (benih ukuran besar). Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi bahwa hampir sebagian besar parameter yang diamati pada komponen pertumbuhan memperlihatkan pengaruh perlakuan ukuran benih varietas yang dicobakan tidak berbeda nyata, kecuali pada pengamatan jumlah daun 8 mst komponen pertumbuhan, dimana varietas Grobogan mempunyai jumlah daun yang lebih banyak dibandingkan kedua jenis varietas lainnya, begitupun pada pengaruh interaksi hanya terdapat pada parameter tinggi tanaman pengamatan 8 mst. Kata kunci : Gulma ∙ Ageratum conyzoides ∙ Borreria alata ∙ Pertumbuhan ∙ Hasil
Pengaruh berbagai dosis pupuk silika organik dan tingkat kekerasan biji terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman hanjeli pulut (Coix lacryma- Jobi.L) genotip 37”.
Authors: Nurmala Tati , Yuniarti Anni , Syahfitri N. 
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis silika organik dan tingkat kekerasan biji yang dapat memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman hanjeli pulut (Coix lacryma- Jobi.L). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2015 sampai dengan bulan Mei 2016 di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari enam perlakuan dan empat kali ulangan, yaitu: Kontrol; Silika dosis (4,50 g/tanaman); (9,00 g/tanaman); (13,50 g/tanaman); (18,00 g/tanaman); (22,50 g/tanaman), sehingga diperoleh 24 petak percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, perlakuan tanpa pupuk silika organik berpengaruh terhadap biomassa total tanaman hanjeli, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan dan indeks luas daun tanaman hanjeli. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dengan pupuk silika organik pada dosis 9,00 g/tanaman, 13,50 g/tanaman dan 22,50 g/tanaman memberikan hasil yang sama dengan perlakuan tanpa pupuk silika pada biomassa tanaman total. Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara rendemen biji pecah kulit dengan kekerasan biji (r=0,26). Hasil tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa setiap peningkatan rendemen biji pecah kulit, akan diikuti kenaikan kekerasan biji. Kata kunci: Hanjeli (Coix lacryma- Jobi.L), pupuk silika organik, dosis pupuk.