bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the factors influencing prolongation of inter-repair terms of capital repairs of the apartment house
Authors: Korol O A , Dekhtyar E V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In modern conditions, the most important method of ensuring the safety of the housing stock and improving the living conditions of the population is capital repairs, as a form of simple reproduction of the housing stock, inextricably interrelated with the process of expanded reproduction (construction, reconstruction and modernization). However, at the present time, despite the long, protracted process of reforming the housing and communal sector and a number of significant transformations and changes, the housing problem remains still unresolved. At the same time, it is impossible not to recognize the fact that the unsatisfactory state of the housing stock significantly reduces the level of socio-economic development of our country and the comfort of living of citizens. The article identifies the main factors that affect the prolongation of the inter-repair terms of capital repairs of an apartment building, and the ranking of ranks was made because of expert assessments. The vector of priorities for drawing up a curve of indicators of importance of estimated criteria is calculated.
Processes controlling programmed cell death of root velamen radicum in an epiphytic orchid
Authors: Li Jia-Wei , Zhang Shi-Bao , Xi Hui-Peng , Bradshaw Corey J A , Zhang Jiao-Lin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Development of the velamen radicum on the outer surface of the root epidermis is an important characteristic for water uptake and retention in some plant families, particularly epiphytic orchids, for survival under water-limited environments. Velamen radicum cells derive from the primary root meristem; however, following this development, velamen radicum cells die by incompletely understood processes of programmed cell death (PCD).

Methods
We combined the use of transmission electron microscopy, X-ray micro-tomography and transcriptome methods to characterize the major anatomical and molecular changes that occur during the development and death of velamen radicum cells of Cymbidium tracyanum, a typical epiphytic orchid, to determine how PCD occurs.

Key Results
Typical changes of PCD in anatomy and gene expression were observed in the development of velamen radicum cells. During the initiation of PCD, we found that both cell and vacuole size increased, and several genes involved in brassinosteroid and ethylene pathways were upregulated. In the stage of secondary cell wall formation, significant anatomical changes included DNA degradation, cytoplasm thinning, organelle decrease, vacuole rupture and cell wall thickening. Changes were found in the expression of genes related to the biosynthesis of cellulose and lignin, which are instrumental in the formation of secondary cell walls, and are regulated by cytoskeleton-related factors and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. In the final stage of PCD, cell autolysis was terminated from the outside to the inside of the velamen radicum. The regulation of genes related to autophagy, vacuolar processing enzyme, cysteine proteases and metacaspase was involved in the final execution of cell death and autolysis.

Conclusions
Our results showed that the development of the root velamen radicum in an epiphytic orchid was controlled by the process of PCD, which included initiation of PCD, followed by formation of the secondary cell wall, and execution of autolysis following cell death.
The BODY-Q Cellulite Scale: A Development and Validation Study
Authors: Klassen Anne F , Kaur Manraj N , de Vries Claire E E , Poulsen Lotte , Breitkopf Trisia , Pusic Andrea 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Cellulite is a localized metabolic disorder of the subcutaneous tissue. To measure the impact of cellulite and its treatment(s) on patients’ health-related quality of life, a psychometrically sound patient-reported outcome measure is needed.

Objectives
The authors sought to develop and field test a new BODY-Q cellulite scale to measure the appearance of cellulite.

Methods
Appearance-related codes from the original BODY-Q qualitative interviews were reexamined, and a set of cellulite-specific items was developed and refined through cognitive patient interviews (n = 10) and expert input (n = 17). This scale was field-tested in adults with cellulite through 2 crowdworking platforms. Rasch Measurement Theory analysis was employed to refine the scale and examine its psychometric properties.

Results
The field-test sample included 2129 participants. The 15-item scale was reduced in length to 11 items. Data from the sample fit the Rasch model (X2 [99] = 21.32, P = 0.06). All items had ordered thresholds and mapped out a targeted clinical hierarchy. The reliability statistics for the person separation index was 0.94 and for Cronbach’s alpha was 0.97. In terms of validity, worse scores on the cellulite scale were associated with being more bothered by how the cellulite looked overall, having more severe cellulite on the Patient-Reported Photo-numeric Cellulite Severity Scale, and having more self-reported cellulite and more areas of the body with cellulite.

Conclusions
The BODY-Q cellulite scale can be utilized to measure appearance of cellulite and provides a solid basis for future studies evaluating the impact of cellulite and its treatment.
Different community assembly mechanisms underlie similar biogeography of bacteria and microeukaryotes in Tibetan lakes
Authors: Liu Keshao , Liu Yongqin , Hu Anyi , Wang Feng , Chen Yuying , Gu Zhengquan , Anslan Sten , Hou Juzhi 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTGeographic patterns of bacteria and microeukaryotes have attracted increasing attention. However, mechanisms underlying geographic patterns in the community composition of both microbial groups are still poorly resolved. In particular, knowledge of whether bacterial communities and microeukaryotic communities are subject to the same or different assembly mechanisms is still limited. In this study, we investigated the biogeographic patterns of bacterial and microeukaryotic communities of 23 lakes on the Tibetan Plateau and quantified the relative influence of assembly mechanisms in shaping both microbial communities. Results showed that water salinity was the major driving force in controlling the community structures of bacteria and microeukaryotes. Although bacterial and microeukaryotic communities exhibited similar distance-decay patterns, the bacterial communities were mainly governed by environmental filtering (a niche-related process), whereas microeukaryotic communities were strongly driven by dispersal limitation (a neutral-related process). Furthermore, we found that bacteria exhibited wider niche breadths and higher dispersal ability but lower community stabilities than microeukaryotes. The similar distribution patterns but contrasting assembly mechanisms effecting bacteria and microeukaryotes resulted from the differences in dispersal ability and community stability. Our results highlight the importance of considering organism types in studies of the assembly mechanisms that shape microbial communities in microbial ecology.
Economic Sanctions in Flux: Enduring Challenges, New Policies, and Defining the Future Research Agenda
Authors: Early Bryan R , Cilizoglu Menevis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPolicymakers employ economic sanctions to deal with a wide range of international challenges, making them an indispensable foreign policy tool. While scholarship on sanctions has tended to focus on the factors affecting their success, newer research programs have emerged that explore the reasons for why sanctions are threatened and initiated, the ways they are designed and enforced, and their consequences. This scholarship has yielded a wealth of new insights into how economic sanctions work, but most of those insights are based on sanctions observations from the 20th Century. The ways that policymakers employ sanctions have fundamentally changed over the past two decades, though, raising concerns about whether historically derived insights are still relevant to contemporary sanctions policies. In this forum, the contributors discuss the scholarly and policy-relevant insights of existing research on sanctions and then explore what gaps remain in our knowledge and new trends in sanctions policymaking. This forum will inform readers on the state of the art in sanctions research and propose avenues for future research.
YC-1 sensitizes the antitumor effects of boron neutron capture therapy in hypoxic tumor cells
Authors: Harada Takaomi , Hirose Katsumi , Wada Yuki , Sato Mariko , Ichise Koji , Aoki Masahiko , Kato Takahiro , Takeda Ken , Takai Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The uptake of boron into tumor cells is a key factor in the biological effects of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The uptake of boron agents is suppressed in hypoxic conditions, but the mechanism of hypoxia-induced modulation of suppression of boron uptake is not clear. Therefore, we evaluated whether hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) contributes to attenuation of the antitumor effects of BNCT in hypoxic tumor cells. We also tested whether YC-1, a HIF-1α-targeting inhibitor, has therapeutic potential with BNCT. To elucidate the mechanism of attenuation of the effects of BNCT caused by hypoxia, deferoxamine (DFO) was used in experiments. Cells were incubated in normal oxygen, hypoxic conditions (1% O2) or 5 μM DFO for 24 h. Then, cells were treated with 10B-boronophenylalanine (BPA) for 2 h and boron accumulation in cells was evaluated. To clarify the relationship between HIF-1α and L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), gene expression was evaluated by a using HIF-1α gene knockdown technique. Finally, to improve attenuation of the effects of BNCT in hypoxic cells, BNCT was combined with YC-1. Boron uptake was continuously suppressed up to 2 h after administration of BPA by 5 μM DFO treatment. In cells treated with 5 μM DFO, LAT1 expression was restored in HIF-1α-knocked down samples in all cell lines, revealing that HIF-1α suppresses LAT1 expression in hypoxic cells. From the results of the surviving fraction after BNCT combined with YC-1, treatment with YC-1 sensitized the antitumor effects of BNCT in cells cultured in hypoxia.
Survey of Gravitationally lensed Objects in HSC Imaging (SuGOHI) – V. Group-to-cluster scale lens search from the HSC–SSP Survey
Authors: Jaelani Anton T , More Anupreeta , Oguri Masamune , Sonnenfeld Alessandro , Suyu Sherry H , Rusu Cristian E , Wong Kenneth C , Chan James H H , Kayo Issha , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Chao Dani C-Y , Coupon Jean , Inoue Kaiki T , Futamase Toshifumi 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the largest sample of candidate strong gravitational lenses belonging to the Survey of Gravitationally lensed Objects in HSC Imaging for group-to-cluster scale (SuGOHI-c) systems. These candidates are compiled from the S18A data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC–SSP) Survey. We visually inspect ∼39 500 galaxy clusters, selected from several catalogues, overlapping with the Wide, Deep, and UltraDeep fields, spanning the cluster redshift range of 0.05 &lt; zcl &lt; 1.38. We discover 641 candidate lens systems, of which 536 are new. From the full sample, 47 are almost certainly bona fide lenses, 181 of them are highly probable lenses, and 413 are possible lens systems. Additionally, we present 131 lens candidates at galaxy scale serendipitously discovered during the inspection. We obtained spectroscopic follow-up of 10 candidates using the X-shooter. With this follow-up, we confirm eight systems as strong gravitational lenses. Of the remaining two, one of the sources is too faint to detect any emission, and the other has a tentative redshift close to the lens redshift, but additional arcs in this system are yet to be observed spectroscopically. Since the HSC–SSP is an ongoing survey, we expect to find ∼600 definite or probable lenses using this procedure and even more if combined with other lens finding methods.
Properties of the environment around active galactic nucleus / luminous galaxy pairs through the HSC wide survey
Authors: Shirasaki Yuji , Akiyama Masayuki , Toba Yoshiki , He Wanqiu , Goto Tomotsugu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We investigated the properties of active galactic nucleus (AGN) environments, particularly environments where the association of a luminous galaxy (LG) is found within 4 Mpc from an AGN with redshift 0.8–1.1. For comparison, three additional AGN environments, (namely, AGNs of all types, type 1 AGNs with X-ray and/or radio detection, and type 2 AGNs) and an environment of blue M*, the characteristic luminosity of the Schechter function, galaxies were investigated. The cross-correlation function with the surrounding galaxies was measured and compared between the AGN and blue galaxy samples. We also compared the distributions of color, absolute magnitude, and stellar mass of the galaxies around such target objects. The properties of clusters detected using surrounding galaxies selected based on a photometric redshift were examined and compared for different samples. The target AGNs were drawn from the Million Quasars (MILLIQUAS) catalog, and the blue galaxies were drawn from six redshift survey catalogs (SDSS, WiggleZ, DEEP2, VVDS, VIPERS, and PRIMUS). The galaxies used as a measure of the environment around the targets were drawn from the S18a internal data released by the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program. We found that, among the five AGN and blue galaxy samples considered, the environment of AGN–LG pairs is the most enriched with luminous galaxies. We also found an enhancement in the number of mass-selected clusters in the AGN–LG pair sample against those in the other samples. The results obtained in this study indicate that existence of multiple clusters is the major driver in the association of AGNs and LGs, rather than a single large-mass dark matter halo hosting the AGN.
Shifting prosocial intuitions: neurocognitive evidence for a value-based account of group-based cooperation
Authors: Hackel Leor M , Wills Julian A , Van Bavel Jay J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cooperation is necessary for solving numerous social issues, including climate change, effective governance and economic stability. Value-based decision models contend that prosocial tendencies and social context shape people’s preferences for cooperative or selfish behavior. Using functional neuroimaging and computational modeling, we tested these predictions by comparing activity in brain regions previously linked to valuation and executive function during decision-making—the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), respectively. Participants played Public Goods Games with students from fictitious universities, where social norms were selfish or cooperative. Prosocial participants showed greater vmPFC activity when cooperating and dlPFC-vmPFC connectivity when acting selfishly, whereas selfish participants displayed the opposite pattern. Norm-sensitive participants showed greater dlPFC-vmPFC connectivity when defying group norms. Modeling expectations of cooperation was associated with activity near the right temporoparietal junction. Consistent with value-based models, this suggests that prosocial tendencies and contextual norms flexibly determine whether people prefer cooperation or defection.
Effect of ammoniation and harvest method on waste and consumption of corn residue bales fed to cows in a round bale feeder
Authors: Conway Ashley C , Carlson Zac , Hilscher Fred , MacDonald Jim C , Klopfenstein Terry J , Drewnoski Mary E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
To determine the effects of harvest method and ammoniation (3.7% of dry matter) on consumption and waste of baled corn residue, a 6 × 6 Latin square with a 3 × 2 factorial treatment structure was conducted. Six treatments consisted of either nonammoniated or ammoniated residue, harvested one of three ways: conventional rake and bale (CONV), New Holland Cornrower with two rows of stem chopped into the windrow with tailings (2ROW), or EZBale system (EZB) with a disengaged combine spreader and tailings dropped in a windrow. Open cows were grouped by body weight to produce a light block of two pens (448 kg ± 49.6) and a heavy block of four pens (649 kg ± 65.9). One bale was fed to each pen during each of six 7-d periods using round bale ring feeders with closed bottom panels. Residue falling around (waste) and remaining in (refusals) the feeder was collected. The daily nutrient intake was estimated as the difference between what was offered and what remained (waste plus refusals). Crude protein (CP) of residue offered did not differ (P = 0.58) among harvest methods. The digestible organic matter (DOM) content of residue offered in 2ROW and EZB bales did not differ (P = 0.86) and was greater (P &lt; 0.01) than CONV. Ammoniation increased (P &lt; 0.01) CP and DOM content of the residue offered. Total wasted and refused residue did not differ (P = 0.12) between 2ROW (29%) and EZB (37%), while CONV (42%) was greater (P = 0.02) than 2ROW but did not differ (P = 0.34) from EZB. Ammoniation reduced (P = 0.03) total waste and refusals from 41% to 32%. The nutrient content of both waste and refusals did not differ (P ≥ 0.34) among harvest methods and, with the exception of CP, was not affected (P ≥ 0.15) by ammoniation. The CP content of the waste was greater (P = 0.02) and refusals tended to be greater (P = 0.08) from ammoniated bales. The CP intake of 2ROW was greater (P ≤ 0.02) than both EZB and CONV, while EZB tended (P = 0.06) to be greater than CONV. The CP intake of all ammoniated residues was greater (P &lt; 0.01) than the nonammoniated residue. The DOM intake of nonammoniated 2ROW and EZB did not differ (P = 0.61) but was greater than nonammoniated CONV (P &lt; 0.01). Ammoniation increased (P &lt; 0.01) DOM intake. Overall, ammoniation had much larger effects than harvest method, resulting in reduced waste and refusals and greater intake of DOM and CP. However, the combination of both ammoniation and selective harvest (2ROW or EZB) was needed to result in energy and protein intakes that would meet the needs of a mature cow in mid-gestation.
Effect of RhoA/Rho‐kinase inhibitor in Human Internal Mammary Artery and Clinical Implications
Authors: Hou Hai-Tao , Wang Jun , Wang Zheng-Qing , Yang Qin , He Guo-Wei 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesCoronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) is the treatment of choice for severe coronary artery disease (CAD). Graft failure is a common complication after CABG. Different biological mechanisms contribute to the pathophysiology of vascular graft failure including vasospasm. RhoA/Rho‐kinase (ROCK) pathway plays an important role in cell contraction of cardiovascular disease. ROCK is a downstream effector of small GTP‐binding protein RhoA and has two isoforms, ROCK1 and ROCK2. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of ROCK inhibitor fasudil on the vasoconstriction in human internal mammary artery (IMA) from patients undergoing CABG and to explore whether the combination of fasudil and nitroglycerin (NTG) is superior than being used alone.MethodsIsolated human IMA rings (n=8 in each experimental group) taken from 58 patients undergoing CABG were studied in myograph. Cumulative concentration‐relaxation curves for fasudil (−9 to −3.5 log M) were established in IMA precontracted with KCl (30 mM) and U46619 (−8 log M). Cumulative concentration‐contraction curves for KCl (5 to 120 mM) and U46619 (−9 to −4.5 log M) were also established in two ways: (1) in three groups pretreated with the plasma concentration (−6.3 log M) and 10‐fold higher concentration of fasudil (−5.3 log M) or vehicle to estimate the depression effect of fasudil; (2) in four groups pretreated with fasudil (−6.3 log M), NTG (0.1 μM), the combination, and vehicle for 40 minutes. Western Blot was used to measure the change of the ROCK2 protein.ResultsFasudil caused similar cumulative relaxation in KCl‐ or U46619‐ contracted (p > 0.05) rings. Pretreatment with −5.3 log M fasudil significantly depressed subsequent contraction by KCl (P < 0.01 vs. control, P < 0.05 vs. −6.3 log M) and U46619 (P < 0.05 vs. control or −6.3 log M). Pretreatment with the combination of NTG and fasudil significantly depressed the cumulative contraction by KCl (P < 0.01 vs. control; P < 0.05 vs. −5.3 log M; P < 0.01 vs. NTG). Similarly, in U46619‐induced contraction, the combination also significantly depressed the contraction (P < 0.001 vs. control; P < 0.05 vs. −5.3 log M fasudil; P < 0.01 vs. NTG). Fasudil also caused a decrease of ROCK2 protein content (p < 0.05).ConclusionsFasudil has a potent inhibitory effect on the vasoconstriction mediated by KCl and U46619 in human conduit arteries. Combination of fasudil and NTG is more effective than fasudil or NTG alone. These findings provide a new antispastic method in CABG and may be beneficial to long‐term patency of the grafts.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [81870288 & 81870227]; the Non‐profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences [2019XK310001 & 2018TX31002]; Tianjin Science and Technology Committee[18PTZWHZ00060];Binhai New Area Health Bureau (2016BWKY007 & 2018BWKZ005).
Heterologous Expression and Characterization of Ancient Orphaned Type II Polyketide Synthase Enzymes
Authors: Klein Joshua G. , Kokona Bashkim , Charkoudian Louise K. 
Published: April 2020

Type II polyketides are polyaromatic bacterial secondary metabolites which have seen great success in the clinic. Doxorubicin and tetracycline are two such FDA‐approved drugs which showcase the potential anticancer and antibiotic properties of type II polyketides. These molecules are produced via enzymatic assembly lines (polyketide synthases; PKSs) encoded by biosynthetic gene clusters. Further study of diverse type II PKSs can allow for a greater understanding into how enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway interact to form structurally complex and pharmacologically relevant molecules. Our research focuses on the in vitro characterization of key enzymes in the type II PKSs encoded by ancient and orphaned biosynthetic gene clusters. We have been able to heterologously express several of these key enzymes from various previously‐unstudied bacterial strains. We have also characterized and confirmed the expression of these enzymes via various analytical techniques including gel electrophoresis, sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation, and fast protein liquid chromatography. These methods of characterization will allow for novel insights into the in vitro structure of these type II PKS enzymes. By harnessing the powerful biosynthetic capability of type II PKSs and studying how these enzymes interact with their native partners, we can develop tools to attain new chemical diversity through chemical engineering approaches.Support or Funding InformationThis research is funded by the National Science Foundation Career Grant #1652424, awarded to LKC. Conference support has also been provided from the Marian E. Koshland Integrated Natural Sciences Center.