bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attractiveness of Male and Female Adults ofCryptolestes ferrugineus(Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) to Conspecifics With and Without Grain
Authors: Currie Sarah , Bharathi Vimala S K , Jian Fuji , Fields Paul G , Jayas Digvir S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhether stored-grain insects can communicate with each other inside stored-grain bulks is an important question for the development of pest management programs. Movements of the individual adults of Cryptolestes ferrugineus towards caged adult(s), in the presence or absence of wheat, were studied inside an apparatus (10 cm length), using an infrared camera. The numbers of the caged adults were 1, 20, or 50 of females or males, and 100 or 200 mixed-sex adults. Without grain, both males and females moved towards the caged single male, but not the caged single female. With grain, neither males nor females moved towards the caged single male or female. When 50 males were added to the cage, females did move significantly towards the caged males. There were trends for introduced males and females to move towards caged males at higher densities.
Fragmented Ownership and Natural Resource Use: Evidence from the Bakken
Authors: Leonard Bryan , Parker Dominic P 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDoes land fragmentation impair spatially expansive natural resource use? We conduct empirical tests using ownership variation on the Bakken, one of the world's most valuable shale oil reserves. Long before shale was discovered, US policies created a mosaic of private, jointly owned and tribal government parcels on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation. We find that all three forms of fragmentation reduced production during the 2010–15 oil boom, especially joint ownership and the interspersion of small parcels of government and private land. We estimate implied gains from consolidation and discuss implications for the use (or conservation) of other spatially expansive resources.
Acculturation in Context: The Relationship Between Acculturation and Socioenvironmental Factors With Level of and Change in Cognition in Older Latinos
Authors: Lamar Melissa , Barnes Lisa L , Leurgans Sue E , Fleischman Debra A , Farfel Jose M , Bennett David A , Marquez David X 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Latinos are 1.5 times as likely to develop Alzheimer’s dementia as non-Latino Whites. This health disparity may arise from multiple influences with culturally relevant factors receiving increasing attention. Models of acculturation stress the importance of considering acculturation-related factors within the context of socioenvironmental factors to better capture the Latino experience in the United States.

Methods
We measured 10 acculturation and contextually-related variables in 199 Latinos (age 69.7 years) without dementia participating in Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center studies. We tested the relationship between these variables via Principal Component Analysis (PCA), then investigated how resulting components associated with level of and longitudinal change in global and domain-specific cognition using separate linear mixed-effects models adjusted for relevant confounders and their interactions with time.

Results
The PCA revealed a 3-factor unrotated solution (variance explained ~70%). Factor 1, representing acculturation-related aspects of nativity, language- and social-based acculturation, was positively associated with level, but not change, in global cognition, semantic memory, and perceptual speed. Factor 2, representing contextually-related socioenvironmental experiences of discrimination, social isolation, and social networks, was negatively associated with level of global cognition, episodic and working memory, and faster longitudinal decline in visuospatial ability. Factor 3 (familism only) did not associate with level or change in any cognitive outcome.

Discussion
Acculturation- and contextually-related factors differentiated from each other and differentially contributed to cognition and cognitive decline in older Latinos. Providers should query acculturation and lived experiences when evaluating cognition in older Latinos.
Economic evaluation and health systems strengthening: a review of the literature
Authors: Cleary Susan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Health systems strengthening (HSS) is firmly on the global health and development agenda. While a growing evidence base seeks to understand the effectiveness of HSS, there is limited evidence regarding cost and cost-effectiveness. Without such evidence, it is hard to argue that HSS represents value for money and the level of investment needed cannot be quantified. This paper seeks to review the literature regarding the economic evaluation of HSS from low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings, and to contribute towards the development of methods for the economic evaluation of HSS. A systematic search for literature was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and the Health Systems Evidence database. MeSH terms related to economic evaluation were combined with key words related to the concept of HSS. Of the 204 records retrieved, 52 were retained for full text review and 33 were included. Of these, 67% were published between January 2015 and June 2019. While many HSS interventions have system wide impacts, most studies (71%) investigated these impacts using a disease-specific lens (e.g. the impact of quality of care improvements on uptake of facility deliveries). HSS investments were categorized, with the majority being investments in platform efficiency (e.g. quality of care), followed by simultaneous investment in platform efficiency and platform capacity (e.g. quality of care and task shifting). This review identified a growing body of work seeking to undertake and/or conceptualize the economic evaluation of HSS in low- and middle-income countries. The majority assess HSS interventions using a disease-specific or programmatic lens, treating HSS in a similar manner to the economic evaluation of medicines and diagnostics. While this approach misses potential economies of scope from HSS investments, it allows for a preliminary understanding of relative value for money. Future research is needed to complement the emerging evidence base.
Does metformin improve the efficacy of standard epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer?
Authors: Lin Zhangyu , Li Guangchen , Xu Xinyu , Mei Jiandong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether metformin improved the efficacy of standard epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. A total of 99 papers were found using the reported search, of which 4 represented the best evidence to answer this clinical question. The authors, journal, publication date, country, study type, treatment regimen, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. We concluded that the addition of metformin to EGFR-TKI might improve the survival of patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer and diabetes mellitus type 2. However, for non-diabetic non-small-cell lung cancer patients with EGFR mutation, the efficiency of additional metformin in EGFR-TKI treatment remains unclear because of the conflicting results of only 2 available studies.
Performance evaluation of a novel PVT-GSHP heating system on energy-efficient poultry houses: long-term monitoring
Authors: Gurler Tugba , Elmer Theo , Cui Yuanlong , Omer Siddig , Riffat Saffa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The case study presented in this paper is an innovative ground source heat pump (GSHP) system constituted by a hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) solar system for poultry houses. Farmers tend to not to apply GSHPs because of the high prices of excavation and time consumption. The innovative heat pump system assessed in this study comprises of a new type of heat exchangers; a thin-tube solar polyethylene heat exchanger installed between roof tiles and PV panels and a novel vertical ground heat exchanger to utilize the heat stored in the soil. The heating system applied to a poultry house are monitored and evaluated under a variety of environmental and operating conditions to achieve annual/long-term efficiency of the heating system in Kirton, UK. The maximum heating demand of the poultry house is determined 34.4 MWh/PC while the minimum is 11,1 MWh/PC. The monitored results show that the heat pump produced 15.02 MWh of thermal energy per annum. Solar PV and heat pump worked very well together with solar PV covering all the heat pump’s annual electrical energy requirement and generated 8.74 MWh of extra electricity exported to the grid. The seasonal coefficient of performance is found 3.73 through a year. The novel PVT-GSHP heating system is a very promising solution for high fossil fuel consumption in the agriculture industry and the energy savings of the whole system can be noticeably increased dependent up on the system controlling.
Intravenous mecillinam compared with other β-lactams as targeted treatment for Escherichia coli or Klebsiella spp. bacteraemia with urinary tract focus
Authors: Boel Jonas Bredtoft , Antsupova Valeria , Knudsen Jenny Dahl , Jarløv Jens Otto , Arpi Magnus , Holzknecht Barbara Juliane 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Mecillinam (amdinocillin) is active against Gram-negative bacteria. Clinical data on the efficacy of IV mecillinam for severe urinary tract infections is sparse.

Objectives
To assess the effectiveness of targeted IV mecillinam compared with other β-lactams for bacteraemia with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. and a urinary tract focus.

Patients and methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study at five university hospitals in the Capital Region of Denmark from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to compare the primary composite endpoint (all-cause mortality or bacteraemia recurrence within 30 days) between patients treated with mecillinam versus ampicillin, cefuroxime, piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem.

Results
We included 1129 patients in the primary analysis, of which 146 were given IV mecillinam as targeted treatment. We found no significant difference in the primary endpoint between patients treated with mecillinam versus ampicillin and cefuroxime, but found a higher risk for the primary endpoint in the piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem groups, with adjusted HRs of 2.22 (95% CI 1.24–3.97, P &lt; 0.01) and 2.48 (95% CI 1.04–5.93, P = 0.04), respectively, compared with mecillinam.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that IV mecillinam may be a suitable targeted treatment for bacteraemia with a urinary tract focus. However, these results need confirmation by randomized controlled studies.
Successful Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy in Patients With 80% Full Thickness Burns
Authors: Rasmussen Jack , Erdogan Mete , Loubani Osama , Green Robert S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Despite advances in burn care, mortality in adult patients with extensive burn injuries remains a concern, particularly in those who develop concurrent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In cases of ARDS refractory to conventional treatments, venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may represent a viable salvage therapy, even in the major burn population. We present the case of a 38-year-old man with full thickness burns to over 80% of his body, who developed severe ARDS 4 days postburn. After failing to respond to deep sedation, paralysis, and proning, ECMO therapy was initiated to maintain oxygenation and ventilation. Over the next 14 days, while the patient was treated with ECMO, he successfully underwent three major operations to debride and allograft approximately 65% of his body surface area, including one in the prone position. ECMO therapy was discontinued on postburn day 18, and the patient had his wounds reconstructed and survived his injuries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a burn patient with such severe burns requiring surgical intervention that has been treated with ECMO and survived, and the first case of a burn patient on ECMO having surgery in the prone position. They conclude this case serves as a “proof of concept” that ECMO is a potential treatment for appropriately selected major burn patients with ARDS who fail to respond to other therapies.
D-lactate production in the acorn barnacleBalanus glandula(Darwin, 1854) (Cirripedia: Balanidae) under emersion stress
Authors: Rangaswami Xenia L , Ober Gordon T , Gilman Sarah E 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnaerobic metabolism is an important response to stress in many organisms. Intertidal species often face heat stress during low tide. Balanus glandula (Darwin, 1854) is a high-shore intertidal barnacle common to the Pacific that experiences prolonged low-tide air exposure. It is not known whether B. glandula uses anaerobic metabolism during emersion, or if its use varies by latitude. We measured low tide D-lactate production in two US west coast populations of B. glandula separated by 14 degrees of latitude. We exposed barnacles to seven low-tide air temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 38 °C) for which aerobic respiration has been previously measured. Our northern population of B. glandula increased D-lactate production at high air temperatures where aerobic metabolic depression is known to occur, indicating sublethal stress. In contrast, our southern population showed little increase in D-lactate over the same temperature range, coincident with high aerobic respiration across those temperatures. In a second experiment, we quantified D-lactate at 1, 2, and 6 hours post-emersion for northern B. glandula exposed to either a 10 or 38 °C low tide, to measure their potential lactate usage. While D-lactate was elevated at 38 °C compared to the 10 °C control immediately following low tide exposure, it dropped to control levels, and was likely excreted, within 1 hour of re-immersion. Our results suggest that the low latitude population of B. glandula may be more resilient to climate change than its high latitude counterpart in the absence of adaptation, which has strong implications for species distribution.
The Implications of and Responses to COVID-19: Localizing Human Rights in the City of York (UK)
Authors: Gready Paul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This essay attempts to capture the human rights implications of COVID-19, and responses to it, in the city of York (UK). Three human rights contributions are identified: ensuring that responses enhance dignity, the right to life, non-discrimination, and protect the most vulnerable; using human rights when balancing priorities and making difficult decisions; and optimizing the link between disease and democracy. The overarching aim is to localize and contextualize human rights in a meaningful way in the city, and thereby to provide meaningful guidance to the City Council and statutory agencies when implementing the difficult measures required by the pandemic, and to support civil society advocacy and monitoring. This work, led by the York Human Rights City (YHRC) network, illustrates the value of a localized ‘thick description’ of human rights and the multi-dimensional picture of challenges, innovations and solutions facilitated by such an approach.
Verification and Implementation of HIV Antibody Differentiation Testing to Improve Turnaround Time for the HIV Diagnostic Algorithm
Authors: Chambliss Allison B , Shulman Ira A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Relying on reference laboratories for HIV confirmation testing may lead to delays in treatment and can cause stress for patients who have positive HIV screening results.

Objective
To internalize HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation testing within the hospital laboratory.

Methods
We analytically verified an HIV antibody differentiation immunoassay and subsequently compared result turnaround times (TATs) for HIV antibody differentiation and HIV-1 qualitative RNA in the months before and after the test internalization.

Results
HIV antibody differentiation was successfully verified. TATs for HIV antibody differentiation and HIV-1 RNA significantly improved, from medians of 40.4 hours and 156.5 hours to medians of 17.7 hours and 56.5 hours, respectively, after the internalization. The 90th-percentile turnaround times declined by 72% and 44%, respectively.

Conclusions
It is feasible for a hospital laboratory to verify HIV antibody-differentiation testing. Its implementation may considerably improve result TATs for the HIV diagnostic algorithm.
Augmenting machine learning photometric redshifts with Gaussian mixture models
Authors: Hatfield P W , Almosallam I A , Jarvis M J , Adams N , Bowler R A A , Gomes Z , Roberts S J , Schreiber C 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Wide-area imaging surveys are one of the key ways of advancing our understanding of cosmology, galaxy formation physics, and the large-scale structure of the Universe in the coming years. These surveys typically require calculating redshifts for huge numbers (hundreds of millions to billions) of galaxies – almost all of which must be derived from photometry rather than spectroscopy. In this paper, we investigate how using statistical models to understand the populations that make up the colour–magnitude distribution of galaxies can be combined with machine learning photometric redshift codes to improve redshift estimates. In particular, we combine the use of Gaussian mixture models with the high-performing machine-learning photo-z algorithm GPz and show that modelling and accounting for the different colour–magnitude distributions of training and test data separately can give improved redshift estimates, reduce the bias on estimates by up to a half, and speed up the run-time of the algorithm. These methods are illustrated using data from deep optical and near-infrared data in two separate deep fields, where training and test data of different colour–magnitude distributions are constructed from the galaxies with known spectroscopic redshifts, derived from several heterogeneous surveys.
The MOSDEF survey: an improved Voronoi binning technique on spatially resolved stellar populations at z ∼ 2
Authors: Fetherolf Tara , Reddy Naveen A , Shapley Alice E , Kriek Mariska , Siana Brian , Coil Alison L , Mobasher Bahram , Freeman William R , Sanders Ryan L , Price Sedona H , Shivaei Irene , Azadi Mojegan , de Groot Laura , Leung Gene C K , Zick Tom O 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We use a sample of 350 star-forming galaxies at 1.25 &lt; z &lt; 2.66 from the Multi-Object Spectrograph For Infra-Red Exploration (MOSFIRE) Deep Evolution Field survey to demonstrate an improved Voronoi binning technique that we use to study the properties of resolved stellar populations in z ∼ 2 galaxies. Stellar population and dust maps are constructed from the high-resolution CANDELS/3D-HST multiband imaging. Rather than constructing the layout of resolved elements (i.e. Voronoi bins) from the signal-to-noise (S/N) distribution of the H160-band alone, we introduce a modified Voronoi binning method that additionally incorporates the S/N distribution of several resolved filters. The spectral energy distribution (SED)-derived resolved E(B − V)stars, stellar population ages, star-formation rates (SFRs), and stellar masses that are inferred from the Voronoi bins constructed from multiple filters are generally consistent with the properties inferred from the integrated photometry within the uncertainties, with the exception of the inferred E(B − V)stars from our z ∼ 1.5 sample due to their UV slopes being unconstrained by the resolved photometry. The results from our multifilter Voronoi binning technique are compared to those derived from a ‘traditional’ single-filter Voronoi binning approach. We find that single-filter binning produces inferred E(B − V)stars that are systematically redder by 0.02 mag, on average, but could differ by up to 0.20 mag and could be attributed to poorly constrained resolved photometry covering the UV slope. Overall, we advocate that our methodology produces more reliable SED-derived parameters due to the best-fitting resolved SEDs being better constrained at all resolved wavelengths – particularly those covering the UV slope.
The Hα line emission of the Be star β Psc: the last 40 yr
Authors: Levenhagen Ronaldo S , Diaz Marcos P , Amôres Eduardo B , Leister Nelson V 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
A study on the photosphere and disc of the Be star β Psc is presented. We recover almost 40 yr of high-resolution spectroscopic observations and additional data gathered from the BeSS data base. We evaluate the photospheric parameters from the spectral energy distribution (SED) and fittings of state-of-the-art non-LTE model atmospheres to observed helium, carbon, silicon, and magnesium line profiles. Our models include the stellar geometric deformation as well as the co-latitude dependence of temperature and gravity, aiming to derive the effects of rotation on the stellar parameters. We estimate the circumstellar disc parameters from the fitting of models assuming different disc properties, namely its radius and gas density profile. The disc inclination angle i is constrained from the fittings of He i 4471 Å, Mg ii 4481 Å, C ii 4267 Å,  and Si ii 4128, 4132 Å  lines with gravity darkened models. Our findings, based on model fittings, suggest that during the last 40 yr, the disc radius changed within the interval 5.5 ≤ Rd ≤ 7.8 $R/R_{*}\,$, the disc base gas density within 5 × 10−13 ≤ ρ ≤ 1 × 10−12 g cm−3, while the radial power-law density index m assumed values between 2.0 and 2.3. These results are in agreement with recent works dealing with spectroscopic and interferometric measurements of this object.
Velocity dispersion in the interstellar medium of early galaxies
Authors: Kohandel M , Pallottini A , Ferrara A , Carniani S , Gallerani S , Vallini L , Zanella A , Behrens C 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the structure of spatially resolved, line-of-sight velocity dispersion for galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) traced by [C $\scriptstyle \rm II$] $158\, \mu \rm {m}$ line emission. Our laboratory is a simulated prototypical Lyman-break galaxy, ‘Freesia, part of the serra suite’. The analysis encompasses the redshift range 6 &lt; z &lt; 8, when Freesia is in a very active assembling phase. We build velocity dispersion maps for three dynamically distinct evolutionary stages (Spiral Disc at z = 7.4, Merger at z = 8.0, and Disturbed Disc at z = 6.5) using [C $\scriptstyle \rm II$] hyperspectral data cubes. We find that, at a high spatial resolution of 0.005 arcsec (≃30 pc), the luminosity-weighted average velocity dispersion is $\sigma _{\rm {CII}}\simeq 23{\text {--}}38\, {\rm km\, s^{-1}}$ with the highest value belonging to the highly structured Disturbed Disc stage. Low-resolution observations tend to overestimate σC ii values due to beam smearing effects that depend on the specific galaxy structure. For an angular resolution of 0.02 arcsec (0.1 arcsec), the average velocity dispersion is $16{\!-\!}34{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ($52{\!-\!}115{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) larger than the actual one. The [C $\scriptstyle \rm II$] emitting gas in Freesia has a Toomre parameter $\mathcal {Q}\simeq 0.2$ and rotational-to-dispersion ratio of vc/σ ≃ 7 similar to that observed in z = 2−3 galaxies. The primary energy source for the velocity dispersion is due to gravitational processes, such as merging/accretion events; energy input from stellar feedback is generally sub-dominant ($\lt 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$). Finally, we find that the resolved σC ii−ΣSFR relation is relatively flat for $0.02\lt {\Sigma }_{\rm SFR}/{\rm M}_{\odot }\rm {yr}^{-1} {\rm kpc}^{-2} \lt 30$, with the majority of data lying on the derived analytical relation $\sigma \propto \Sigma _{\rm SFR}^{5/7}$. At high SFR, the increased contribution from stellar feedback steepens the relation, and σC ii rises slightly.