bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Therapy With Anti‐CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies and Botulinum Toxin for Migraine Prevention: Is There a Rationale?
Authors: Pellesi Lanfranco , Do Thien P. , Ashina Håkan , Ashina Messoud , Burstein Rami 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo narratively review the pathophysiological rationale of dual therapy with anti‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide monoclonal antibodies and botulinum toxin type A in treatment‐resistant chronic migraine prevention.BackgroundFor the prevention of chronic migraine, several pharmacological therapies are available, including oral medications, botulinum toxin type A, and the newly approved monoclonal antibodies targeting calcitonin gene‐related peptide or its receptor. However, monotherapy does not yield benefits in some affected individuals, which raises the question of whether dual therapy with monoclonal antibodies and botulinum toxin type A hold promise in patients with treatment‐resistant chronic migraine.MethodWe searched MEDLINE for articles published from database inception to December 31st, 2019. Publications were largely selected from the past 10 years but commonly referenced and highly regarded older publications were not excluded.ResultsPreclinical data suggest that anti‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide monoclonal antibodies and botulinum toxin type A have synergistic effects within the trigeminovascular system. Of note, findings indicate that fremanezumab – an antibody targeting the calcitonin gene‐related peptide – mainly prevents the activation of Aδ‐fibers, whereas botulinum toxin type A prevents the activation of C‐fibers.ConclusionThere is currently only indirect preclinical evidence to support a rationale for dual therapy with anti‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide monoclonal antibodies and botulinum toxin type A for chronic migraine prevention. Rigorous studies evaluating clinical efficacy, safety, and cost‐effectiveness are needed.
Multi‐wall carbon nanotubes by catalytic decomposition of carbon monoxide on Ni/MgO
Authors: Lee Hwanseok , Kim Taewoo , Cho Dae‐Seung , Yoon Sanghyeon , Shin Hyun‐Gyoo , Lee Heesoo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe redox behavior of the catalyst and the catalytic decomposition of carbon monoxide (CO) were investigated in the synthesis process of multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) using Ni/MgO catalyst. The surface morphology of the heated Ni layer was observed by TEM to confirm the formation of NiO particles (50 nm or less) and NiO (222). The chemical reaction behavior of the catalyst in CO the atmosphere was displayed via TG‐DSC analysis, and the reduction of NiO was revealed due to the mass decrease of 2.71 wt% and the exothermic peak at around 400°C. The deposition of carbon was identified with an increase in mass and the exothermic peak near 600°C. Ni (111) and carbon (002) facets was taken place in a diffraction pattern of carbon deposited catalyst, indicating the reduction in NiO and the graphitic carbon deposition. The crystallinity of the graphitic carbon was analyzed as the ratios of 0.998 for ID/IG and 0.26 for sp3/sp2 in Raman and photoelectron spectra. The encapsulated Ni in MWCNT was observed through TEM‐EDS, verifying the activation of the catalyst by CO.
Psychobiological markers of allostatic load in depressed and nondepressed mothers and their adolescent offspring
Authors: Nelson Benjamin W. , Sheeber Lisa , Pfeifer Jennifer , Allen Nicholas B. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundA substantial body of research has emerged suggesting that depression is strongly linked to poor physical health outcomes, which may be partly due to increased allostatic load across stress response systems. Interestingly, health risks associated with depression are also borne by the offspring of depressed persons. Our aim was to simultaneously investigate whether maternal depression is associated not only with increased allostatic load across cardiac control, inflammation, cellular aging, but also if this is transmitted to adolescent children, possibly increasing the risk for early onset of psychiatric conditions and disease in these offspring.MethodsA preregistered, case–control study of 180 low‐income mothers (50% mothers depressed, 50% mothers nondepressed) and their adolescent offspring was conducted to determine how depressed mothers and their adolescent offspring systematically differ in terms of autonomic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic cardiac control; inflammation; cellular aging; and behavioral health in offspring, which are indicators suggestive of higher allostatic load.ResultsFindings indicate that depressed mothers and their adolescent offspring differ in terms of comorbid mental and physical health risk profiles that are suggestive of higher allostatic load. Findings indicate that depressed mothers exhibit elevated resting heart rate and decreased heart rate variability, and adolescent offspring of depressed mothers exhibit greater mental health symptoms, elevated heart rate, and accelerated biological aging (shorter telomeres). These effects persisted after controlling for a range of potential covariates, including medication use, sex, age, and adolescents’ own mental health symptoms.ConclusionsFindings indicate that maternal depression is associated with increased allostatic load in depressed women and their adolescent children, possibly increasing risk for early onset of psychiatric conditions and disease in these offspring. Future research is needed to delineate why some biological systems are more impacted than others and to explore how findings might inform preventative programs targeted at adolescent offspring of depressed mothers.
Thin‐layer drying kinetics of yam slices, physicochemical, and functional attributes of yam flour
Authors: Kamal Md. Mostafa , Ali Md. Rahmat , Shishir Mohammad Rezaul Islam , Mondal Shakti Chandra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of temperature (50–80°C) on the drying behavior of yam slices and to evaluate the physicochemical and functional properties of yam flour. The results revealed that higher temperature enhanced the drying rate and moisture diffusivity (2.01 × 10−10–4.25 × 10−10 m2 s−1) and the drying process occurred entirely in the falling rate period. Twelve thin‐layer drying models were employed to fit the drying data using statistical parameters; coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error, chi‐square (χ2), sum of squares residual, and mean bias error. The results suggested that logarithmic for 50°C (R2 =0 .9990) and parabolic for 60–80°C (R2 =0 .9977–0.9991) were the best models that can adequately explain the drying behavior of yam slices. Different physicochemical and functional properties of yam flour were significantly affected by the drying temperatures. However, the developed yam flour exhibited a satisfactory range of nutritional contents, such as protein (4.79–5.97%), fat (0.59–0.74%), ash (5.57–6.60%), fiber (0.83–1.96%), starch (65.59–73.93%), carbohydrate (85.69–87.53%), and total phenolics (10.68–11.88 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/100 g (GAE/100 g). Therefore, the drying kinetic results and the physicochemical quality of developed yam flour could be useful for its industrial production.Practical ApplicationsYam is one of the leading root crops in the world and used as staple food in many countries. Postharvest storage and transport of the raw yam are one of the main problems in developing countries. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of drying temperature on the thin‐layer drying kinetics of yam slices and to evaluate a suitable drying model for describing the drying process together with the food compositions, total phenolics, and other functional and color characteristics. This study revealed a useful outcome that could convince the food producers for industrial production and consumers to consider the yam flour as a suitable alternative to rice, wheat, or corn flour for the formulation of high‐quality health food products, such as bakery, confectionery, snack, noodle, soup, and other products.
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease increases coronavirus disease 2019 disease severity in nondiabetic patients
Authors: Gao Feng , Zheng Kenneth I , Wang Xiao‐Bo , Yan Hua‐Dong , Sun Qing‐Feng , Pan Ke‐Hua , Wang Ting‐Yao , Chen Yong‐Ping , George Jacob , Zheng Ming‐Hua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has attracted increasing worldwide attention. While diabetes is known to aggravate COVID‐19 severity, it is not known whether nondiabetic patients with metabolic dysfunction are also more prone to more severe disease. The association of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) with COVID‐19 severity in nondiabetic patients was investigated here.MethodsThe study cohort comprised 65 patients with (i.e. cases) and 65 patients without MAFLD (i.e. controls). Each case was randomly matched with one control by sex (1:1) and age (±5 years). The association between the presence of MAFLD (as exposure) and COVID‐19 severity (as the outcome) was assessed by binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsIn nondiabetic patients with COVID‐19, the presence of MAFLD was associated with a four‐fold increased risk of severe COVID‐19; the risk increased with increasing numbers of metabolic risk factors. The association with COVID‐19 severity persisted after adjusting for age, sex, and coexisting morbid conditions.ConclusionHealth‐care professionals caring for nondiabetic patients with COVID‐19 should be cognizant of the increased likelihood of severe COVID‐19 in patients with MAFLD.
Development and assessment of an instrument measuring environmental health perception and behavior toward reproductive health of female adolescents
Authors: Kim Hyun Kyoung 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThis study is aimed to develop and test the measurement of environmental health perceptions and behavior concerning female adolescents' reproductive health.MethodsThe scales constructed through literature review, in ‐depth interview, and factor analysis based on the protection motivation theory. The sample comprised 384 female adolescents for exploratory factor analysis, aged 18‐22 years, and recruited in September‐November 2019 in South Korea. The construct was validated using factor analysis, convergent validity, and known‐group comparisons. Reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and half‐split reliability.ResultsThe environmental health perception for female adolescents (EHP‐FA) comprises “Sensitivity,” “Susceptibility,” “Response efficacy,” and “Self‐efficacy.” The environmental health behavior for female adolescents (EHB‐FA), based on principal component analysis, yielded 19 items with five factors, including “Chemical reduction,” “Electromagnetic reduction,” “Food selection,” “Cosmetic selection,” “Dust & Gas reduction,” and explained 62.6% of the variance (Cronbach's α = .93).ConclusionThe utility of EHP‐FA and EHB‐FA recommend assessment of female youth's environmental attention and health behavior in the community. Nursing professionals can use the scales to promote female adolescents' reproductive health.
Clinical and trichoscopic evaluation of trichloroacetic acid 35% vs phenol 88% peels in treatment of alopecia areata
Authors: Mahgoub Doaa , Mohye Eldeen Riham , Saadi Dina , El‐Samanoudy Solwan , Ibrahim Sarah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAmong alopecia areata (AA) treatments, contact irritants (anthralin) and topical immunotherapies (diphenylcyclopropenone) have been successfully used. Chemoexfoliation can potentially be utilized, acting as irritants and consecutively immunomodulators. Peels via therapeutic wounding provoke growth factors and cytokines that may induce hair regrowth.AimTo evaluate and compare trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 35% and phenol 88% peels effectiveness and tolerability in patchy AA.Patients/MethodsThis comparative, randomized, double‐blind study included 20 patients with multifocal patchy AA. In each patient, 2 patches were selected and randomized into group I (20 patches: TCA 35%) and group II (20 patches: phenol 88%). A session was performed every 3 weeks for 9 weeks. Response was assessed by two blinded observers as regards percentage of clinical improvement, severity of alopecia tool (SALT), and trichoscopic scaled scores for dystrophic and terminal hairs, respectively. Patients were scheduled for follow‐up visits over 6 months past treatment cessation.ResultsA total of 19 patients completed the study and showed significant reduction in SALT score. TCA‐ and phenol‐treated patches demonstrated significant improvement in the percentage of clinical improvement, trichoscopic scale of dystrophic and terminal hairs. However, TCA was superior to phenol as it showed significant more reduction in trichoscopic score of dystrophic hairs and significant higher increase in terminal hairs. Phenol yielded significant higher discomfort than TCA. No relapse was detected.ConclusionsTrichloroacetic acid 35% and phenol 88% peels can be considered effective therapeutic modalities for patchy AA. TCA 35% represents a treatment of choice in terms of the efficacy and tolerability.
ECONOMETRICS MEETS SENTIMENT: AN OVERVIEW OF METHODOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Algaba Andres , Ardia David , Bluteau Keven , Borms Samuel , Boudt Kris 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe advent of massive amounts of textual, audio, and visual data has spurred the development of econometric methodology to transform qualitative sentiment data into quantitative sentiment variables, and to use those variables in an econometric analysis of the relationships between sentiment and other variables. We survey this emerging research field and refer to it assentometrics, which is a portmanteau of sentiment and econometrics. We provide a synthesis of the relevant methodological approaches, illustrate with empirical results, and discuss useful software.
Diffusion MRI Reversibility in Ischemic Stroke Following Thrombolysis: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lakomkin Nikita , Pan Jonathan , Stein Laura , Malkani Brijesh , Dhamoon Mandip , Mocco J 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEDiffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) detects early infarction in acute stroke. With the substantial progress in stroke therapies, the frequency of posttreatment DWI reversibility in modern stroke cohorts is currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic literature review examining the relationship between characteristics of patients with ischemic stroke and DWI reversibility following treatment with lytic therapy.METHODSA systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, yielding a total of 422 unique articles. Studies that were nonclinical or did not report data pertaining to DWI reversibility in the context of an acute stroke series were excluded. Characteristics regarding presentation, diagnosis, intervention, and the timing of DWI reversibility were collected for each study.RESULTSAfter full‐text review, 10 studies were identified as meeting inclusion criteria. The number of patients with DWI reversal ranged from .9% to 50%, whereas the extent of reversal ranged from 1.8% to 72.7%. Studies reporting on younger patients describe greater rates of reversibility following stroke treatment.CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that early DWI signal may not represent the definitive DWI burden in recanalized populations. However, substantial heterogeneity exists regarding the rate of DWI reversal following recanalization. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the relationship among time to treatment, early reversal rates, and clinical outcomes. Physicians should use caution when basing clinical decisions on DWI lesion volumes, as these likely change to some degree with recanalization.
Use of the sport concussion assessment tools in the emergency department to predict persistent post‐concussive symptoms in children
Authors: Bressan Silvia , Clarke Cathriona J , Anderson Vicki , Takagi Michael , Hearps Stephen J C , Rausa Vanessa , Anderson Nicholas , Doyle Melissa , Dunne Kevin , Oakley Ed , Davis Gavin A , Babl Franz E 
Published: May 2020

AimThe Sport Concussion Assessment Tool v3 (SCAT3) and its child version (ChildSCAT3) are composite tools including a symptom scale, a rapid cognitive assessment (standardised assessment of concussion (SAC)) and the modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS). It is unclear whether their use for the acute assessment of paediatric concussion in the emergency department (ED) may help predict persistent post‐concussive symptoms (PPCS). We aim to assess the predictive value of the main SCAT3/ChildSCAT3 components for PPCS when applied in the ED.MethodsA single‐site, prospective longitudinal cohort study of children aged 5–18 years assessed within 48 h of their concussion at the ED of a state‐wide tertiary paediatric hospital and followed up at the affiliated concussion clinic, between November 2013 and August 2017. PPCS was defined as ≥2 new or worsening symptoms at 1 month post‐injury using the Post‐Concussive Symptom Inventory.ResultsOf the 370 children enrolled, 213 (57.7% <13 years old) provided complete data. Of these, 34.7% had PPCS at 1 month post‐injury (38.2% of children <13 years and 30.0% ≥13 years of age,P= 0.272). The adjusted ORs from multiple logistic regression models, for number and severity of symptoms, and for the SAC and mBESS performance in both the ChildSCAT3/SCAT3, were all not significant. The area under the curve of receiver operator characteristic curves for all analysed ChildSCAT3/SCAT3 components was below 0.6.ConclusionsAlthough SCAT3 and ChildSCAT3 are recommended tools to assist with concussion diagnosis and monitoring of patient recovery, their use in the ED does not seem to help predict PPCS.
Safety, feasibility and efficacy of side‐alternating vibration therapy on bone and muscle health in children and adolescents with musculoskeletal disorders: A pilot trial
Authors: Vesey Renuka M , Hofman Paul L , Derraik José GB , Colle Patrícia , Biggs Janene B , Munns Craig F , Cutfield Wayne S , Gusso Silmara 
Published: May 2020

AimsA pilot study was performed to establish the safety, feasibility and efficacy of vibration therapy (VT) on bone and muscle health in children and adolescents with a range of musculoskeletal disorders.MethodsSeventeen participants (15.7 years ± 2.9 years), with conditions that impacted on their musculoskeletal health, completed 20 weeks of side‐alternating VT for 9 min/session, 4 times/week at 20 Hz. Data were collected at baseline and after 20 weeks of intervention. Assessments included whole‐body dual‐energyX‐ray absorptiometry, muscle function (force plate) and 6‐min walk test.ResultsCompliance with the prescribed VT training protocol was relatively high overall at 78% and there were no adverse events reported. After 20 weeks intervention, functional assessments showed time taken to perform the chair test was reduced by 15% (P = 0.018), leg balance improved with standard ellipse area decreasing by 88% (P = 0.006) and distance walked in the 6‐min walk test improved by 9% (P = 0.002). Participants displayed increased total body mass (1.94 kg; P = 0.018) with increased lean mass (1.20 kg; P = 0.019) but not fat mass (P = 0.19). There was no change in total body bone mineral density (P = 0.44) or bone mineral content (P = 0.07).ConclusionsTwenty weeks of side‐alternating VT was a feasible protocol that was associated with improvements in physical function and no detrimental effects on lean mass, bone mass or density in children and adolescents with musculoskeletal disorders.
Evaluating the status of fern and lycophyte nothotaxa in the context of the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification (PPG I)
Authors: Liu Hong‐Mei , Schuettpelz Eric , Schneider Harald 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHybridization has long been recognized as common in ferns, but the products of this arguably evolutionary important process have often been ignored in classifications. For example, the recently published Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification (PPG I) covered all hierarchical ranks from class to genus but did not include intergeneric hybrids (nothogenera). Here, we provide for the first time a comprehensive evaluation of previously proposed nothogenera in the context of a current phylogeny‐based pteridophyte classification (i.e., PPG I). We find that several nothogenera nested in the orders Osmundales and Polypodiales are supported in the framework of PPG I, but others are superfluous. Five new nothogenera are introduced here for the first time. We also explore the distribution of nothospecies across the pteridophyte phylogeny for the first time. We are unable to reject the hypothesis that species richness and nothospecies diversity are correlated, despite the finding that some temperate lineages contribute more nothospecies than expected whereas several tropical lineages lack them. This pattern could be the consequence of either fundamental differences in modes of speciation in temperate and tropical zones or unequal efforts to record nothospecies. In general, we emphasize the need to take nothogenera into account when proposing generic classifications, but the information provided by the existence of such hybrids needs to be carefully evaluated. Our results underscore the need to report and study hybrids in ferns and lycophytes, especially in biodiversity rich areas.
Hydrous olivine alteration on Mars and Earth
Authors: Váci Zoltán , Agee Carl B. , Herd Christopher D. K. , Walton Erin , Tschauner Oliver , Ziegler Karen , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Greenberg Eran , Monique‐Thomas Sylvia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHydrous alteration of olivine macrocrysts in a Martian olivine phyric basalt, NWA 10416, and a terrestrial basalt from southern Colorado are examined using SEM, EPMA, TEM, and µXRD techniques. The olivines in the meteorite contain linear nanotubes of hydrous material, amorphous areas, and fluid dissolution textures quite distinct from alteration identified in other Martian meteorites. Instead, they bear resemblance to terrestrial deuteric alteration features. The presence of the hydrous alteration phase Mg‐laihunite within the olivines has been confirmed by µXRD analysis. The cores of the olivines in both Martian and terrestrial samples are overgrown by unaltered rims whose compositions match those of a separate population of groundmass olivines, suggesting that the core olivines are xenocrysts whose alteration preceded crystallization of the groundmass. The terrestrial sample is linked to deep crustal metasomatism and the “ignimbrite flare‐up” of the Oligocene epoch. The comparison of the two samples suggests the existence of an analogous relatively water‐rich magmatic reservoir on Mars.