bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic ultrasonography can detect a cause in the majority of patients with idiopathic acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Umans Devica S. , Rangkuti Carlos K. , Sperna Weiland Christa J. , Timmerhuis Hester C. , Bouwense Stefan A. W. , Fockens Paul , Besselink Marc G. , Verdonk Robert C. , van Hooft Jeanin E. ,   for the Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group
Published: August 2020

Background Idiopathic acute pancreatitis (IAP) has a 25 % pancreatitis recurrence rate. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) may diagnose treatable causes of IAP and hence prevent recurrence. The goal of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to determine the diagnostic yield of EUS and its impact on recurrence.
Methods PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for English studies on EUS in adults with IAP. The primary outcome was diagnostic yield. Secondary outcomes included recurrence. Methodological quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 score. Meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled diagnostic yield and risk ratio with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model with inverse variance method.
Results 22 studies were included, with 1490 IAP patients who underwent EUS. Overall diagnostic yield was 59 % (874 /1490; 95 %CI 52 % – 66 %). The most common etiologies were biliary (429 /1490; 30 %, 95 %CI 21 % – 41 %) and chronic pancreatitis (271 /1490; 12 %, 95 %CI 8 % – 19 %). In 2 % of patients, neoplasms were detected (45 /1490; 95 %CI 1 % – 4 %). There was no difference in yield between patients with or without recurrent IAP before EUS (risk ratio 0.89, 95 %CI 0.71 – 1.11).
Conclusions EUS is able to identify a potential etiology in the majority of patients with IAP, detecting mostly biliary origin or chronic pancreatitis, but also neoplasms in 2 % of patients. EUS may be associated with a reduction of recurrence rate. Future studies should include complete diagnostic work-up and preferably include patients with a first episode of IAP only.
Acute Myocarditis and Eculizumab Caused Severe Cholestasis in a 17-Month-Old Child Who Has Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Associated with Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli
Authors: Yesilbas Osman , Yozgat Can Yilmaz , Akinci Nurver , Sonmez Sirin , Tekin Eser , Talebazadeh Faraz , Jafarov Uzeyir , Temur Hafize Otcu , Yozgat Yilmaz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCardiovascular involvement is uncommon in pediatric patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC-HUS). In this case report we presented a case of 17-month-old toddler who had a sporadic type of STEC-HUS complicated by acute myocarditis. The patient was successfully treated by a single dose of eculizumab after six doses of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) were inefficient to prevent the cardiac complication. Hepatotoxicity was observed after a single dose of eculizumab. Hepatic and cholestatic enzyme levels slowly returned to normal within 6 months. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of myocarditis/cardiomyopathy treated with eculizumab in STEC-HUS. This case illustrates the need for vigilance regarding myocardial involvement and eculizumab-induced hepatotoxicity in STEC-HUS.
Visualizing Opportunity Index Data Using a Dashboard Application: A Tool to Communicate Infant Mortality-Based Area Deprivation Index Information
Authors: Fareed Naleef , Swoboda Christine M. , Jonnalagadda Pallavi , Griesenbrock Tyler , Gureddygari Harish R. , Aldrich Alison 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background An area deprivation index (ADI) is a geographical measure that accounts for socioeconomic factors (e.g., crime, health, and education). The state of Ohio developed an ADI associated with infant mortality: Ohio Opportunity Index (OOI). However, a powerful tool to present this information effectively to stakeholders was needed.
Objectives We present a real use-case by documenting the design, development, deployment, and training processes associated with a dashboard solution visualizing ADI data.
Methods The Opportunity Index Dashboard (OID) allows for interactive exploration of the OOI and its seven domains—transportation, education, employment, housing, health, access to services, and crime. We used a user-centered design approach involving feedback sessions with stakeholders, who included representatives from project sponsors and subject matter experts. We assessed the usability of the OID based on the effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction dimensions. The process of designing, developing, deploying, and training users in regard to the OID is described.
Results We report feedback provided by stakeholders for the OID categorized by function, content, and aesthetics. The OID has multiple, interactive components: choropleth map displaying OOI scores for a specific census tract, graphs presenting OOI or domain scores between tracts to compare relative positions for tracts, and a sortable table to visualize scores for specific county and census tracts. Changes based on parameter and filter selections are described using a general use-case. In the usability evaluation, the median task completion success rate was 83% and the median system usability score was 68.
Conclusion The OID could assist health care leaders in making decisions that enhance care delivery and policy decision making regarding infant mortality. The dashboard helps communicate deprivation data across domains in a clear and concise manner. Our experience building this dashboard presents a template for developing dashboards that can address other health priorities.
Potential Role of Growth Hormone in a Pediatric Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Farrier David , Sandweiss Alexander J. , Bartlett Brittnie , Abid Farida 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGrowth hormone (GH) is often prescribed in pediatric populations with short stature and is associated with several potential adverse events. One underrecognized potential adverse event is its effect on intracerebral vasculature, with concern for its ability to cause cerebrovascular accident. We present a pediatric case of presumed transient ischemic attack in the setting of chronic GH administration for idiopathic short stature syndrome. We propose potential pathogenic mechanisms for intracerebral vessel stenosis. We hope this case becomes a resource for clinicians and other healthcare providers when deciding whether or not to start GH in their young patients.
An Unusual Case of Isolated Cryptococcal Osteomyelitis of Mastoid: An Enigma!
Authors: Srinivasan Dharanya , Ravichandran Subhashini Puducherry , Ramasamy Karthikeyan , Ganesan Sivaraman , Alexander Arun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCryptococcosis is a disseminated fungal infection commonly affecting the lungs and the central nervous system in immunocompromised patients. Herein we report a rare case of isolated mastoid osteomyelitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans which was initially not recognized due to its uncommon presentation akin to a Betzold’s abscess. A 61-year-old male presented with complaints of left ear discharge for a 1-month duration associated with a swelling in the left side of the neck for which he underwent incision and drainage without any significant improvement. a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan revealed extensive erosion of the left mastoid cavity with a collection. Intraoperatively, red friable granulation tissue was seen within the antrum, histopathology of which revealed capsulated yeast forms. The patient underwent left canal wall down mastoidectomy along with antifungal treatment. Bone involvement is rare in patients with cryptococcal infection with vertebrae being the most common site of cryptococcal osteomyelitis. The clinical presentation is nonspecific and can pose a diagnostic dilemma, as the condition can mimic both Betzold’s abscess as well as malignancy. CT findings and the use of specific fungal stains in histopathology will aid in diagnosing this condition. The purpose of this case report is to establish the first case of isolated cryptococcal mastoid osteomyelitis in the database of fungal osteomyelitis. The confirmation of fungal osteomyelitis should be based on histopathological examination. The possibility of fungal osteomyelitis should be borne in mind in any case of insidiously increasing mass with unclear etiology so that prompt antifungal therapy with surgical debridement is initiated.
Back to disciplines: exploring the stability of publication regimes in chemistry: the case of the Journal of the American Chemical Society (1879–2010)
Authors: Noel Marianne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBased on a case study, this article explores the stability of publication regimes (as defined by Hilgartner (2015, 2017)) in chemistry. Starting with a slight detour via open access (OA) policies, it concentrates on the conditions of editorial production and trade of a scholarly journal, from an historical perspective enriched by a sociology of valuation and pricing. Prices are seen as social constructs as I consider the modalities of market coordination among actors of the publishing enterprise in a major scholarly society, the American Chemical Society (ACS). The study focuses on the Journal of the American Chemical Society (JACS), a periodical that was founded in 1879 by the ACS, of which it is the “flagship” journal. The investigation relies mainly on a detailed examination of the JACS imprint from a diachronic perspective (1879–2010). I describe how scientific papers (as singular entities) gradually entered into a commodity market, first with the page-charge mechanism and the imposition of authors’ fees, up to the emergence of the Article Processing Charge (APC) model, where the authors/institutions pay fees to have the electronic versions of their articles in OA. The proposed timeline in five periods is marked by two points of rupture that correspond to State intervention and the adoption of federal laws. Inherited from the deployment of science regimes in the post-WWII period, revenue collection models were collectively invented by the ACS and its members as successive adjustments to address massive imbalances caused by changes in scientific, institutional, and regulatory environments. Specific market mechanisms and modes of coordination have been put in place to support the development and guarantee the continuity of a disciplinary program (that of chemistry) in the frame of what I call a disciplinary publication regime.
Revealing the origin of multiphasic dynamic behaviors in cyanobacteriochrome
Authors: Wang Dihao , Li Xiankun , Zhang Sheng , Wang Lijuan , Yang Xiaojing , Zhong Dongping 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Cyanobacteriochromes detect a broad range of light conditions to regulate various physiological processes in cyanobacteria. However, the initial photoinduced isomerization reaction in cyanobacteriochromes has not been well understood. The coupling motion of the excited chromophore with the local protein environment has not been carefully addressed and the often-observed multiphasic dynamic behavior was mostly attributed to the ground-state heterogeneity. Here, by integrating both femtosecond-resolved fluorescence and absorption methods, we revealed significant active-site solvation and thus elucidate a new molecular picture of photoisomerization, paving the way to explain many observations in cyanobacteriochromes and phytochromes.
Identifying collagen VI as a target of fibrotic diseases regulated by CREBBP/EP300
Authors: Williams Lynn M. , McCann Fiona E. , Cabrita Marisa A. , Layton Thomas , Cribbs Adam , Knezevic Bogdan , Fang Hai , Knight Julian , Zhang Mingjun , Fischer Roman , Bonham Sarah , Steenbeek Leenart M. , Yang Nan , Sood Manu , Bainbridge Chris , Warwick David , Harry Lorraine , Davidson Dominique , Xie Weilin , Sundstrӧm Michael , Feldmann Marc , Nanchahal Jagdeep 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Fibrosis remains a major unmet medical need as therapeutic targets discovered in animal models have failed to translate. A major challenge for identifying novel targets is the limited availability of early-stage human disease tissue. Here, we utilize Dupuytren’s disease (DD), a common localized fibrotic disorder, to evaluate the impact of epigenetic regulation of myofibroblasts and identify potential tractable targets in human fibrosis. We demonstrate that the epigenetic regulator CREBBP/EP300 is a critical determinant of the profibrotic phenotype. Furthermore, we identify collagen VI to be a key downstream target of CREBBP/EP300 and reveal valuable insights in the role it plays in key profibrotic functions, including contractile force, chemotaxis, and wound healing, and hence its potential as a therapeutic target.
Prolegomena to a theory of chorophorics
Authors: Ursini Francesco-Alessio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to offer a theoretical analysis of chorophorics, a recently proposed pro-formal category that can refer either to “places”, or to locations as arguments of spatial relations. It is suggested that chorophorics are a common category that displays heterogeneous morphological properties but homogeneous syntactic distribution and semantic interpretation. Evidence supporting this argument is offered via eight genetically unrelated languages. The evidence shows that at least three different types of chorophorics can be individuated across languages: chorophorics as a sub-type of prepositions, of case-marked nouns or of postpositions. A formal account is offered, based on a Lexical Syntax analysis. The account shows that chorophorics share a similar distribution with prepositional phrases and receive their “place” sense from their distribution in discourse contexts.
Sialic acid sulfation is induced by the antibiotic treatment in mammalian cells
Authors: Ertunc Nursah , Sato Chihiro , Kitajima Ken 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) are an outermost-situated sugar of glycoproteins and glycolipids to play important roles in various biological phenomena. They are often modified by additional substituents, such as O-acetyl group, to display more than 50 different structures in nature. Of those modified Sia, nothing is known about the occurrence and biological functions of sulfated Sias (SiaSs) in mammals. To elucidate the significance of sialic acid sulfation, we investigated various mammalian-cultured cell lines for the expression of SiaS using the specific antibody 3G9. First, SiaS is expressed in a cell line-dependent and a cell density-dependent manner. Second, in CHO cells, the expression of SiaS is reversibly induced by treatment with the antibiotic G418. Taken together, the expression of SiaS is changed by intrinsic and extrinsic factors in mammalian cells. This is the first demonstration of regulated expression of SiaS.
Inverse scattering reconstruction of a three dimensional sound-soft axis-symmetric impenetrable object
*
Authors: Borges Carlos , Lai Jun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this work, we consider the problem of reconstructing the shape of a three dimensional impenetrable sound-soft axis-symmetric obstacle from measurements of the scattered field at multiple frequencies. This problem has important applications in locating and identifying obstacles with axial symmetry in general, such as, land mines. We obtain a uniqueness result based on a single measurement and propose a two-part framework for recovering the shape of the obstacle. In part 1, we introduce an algorithm to find the axis of symmetry of the obstacle by making use of the far field pattern. In part 2, we recover the shape of the obstacle by applying the recursive linearization algorithm (RLA) with multifrequency measurements of the scattered field. In the RLA, a sequence of inverse scattering problems using increasing single frequency measurements are solved. Each of those problems is ill-posed and nonlinear. The ill-posedness is treated by using a band-limited representation for the shape of the obstacle, while the nonlinearity is dealt with by applying the damped Gauss–Newton method. When using the RLA, a large number of forward scattering problems must be solved. Hence, it is paramount to have an efficient and accurate forward problem solver. For the forward problem, we apply separation of variables in the azimuthal coordinate and Fourier decompose the resulting problem, leaving us with a sequence of decoupled simpler forward scattering problems to solve. Numerical examples for the inverse problem are presented to show the feasibility of our two-part framework in different scenarios, particularly for objects with non-smooth boundaries.
Pygmy dipole resonance in the well-deformed even–even 152–162Gd
Authors: Guliyev E , Quliyev H , Kuliev A A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The electric dipole E1 strength in the well-deformed even–even 152–162Gd was calculated using a model based on translational and Galilean invariant quasi-particle random phase approximation (QRPA), where for the first time the highly-fragmented E1 strength has been predicted below the particle threshold energy. The predicted concentration of the electric dipole excitations exhausts less than 2% of the energy weighed sum rules (EWSR) below 20 MeV in rather good agreement with the experimental data for neighbor nuclei. Through cross sections, transition probabilities, and other properties, the electric dipole response was investigated in 152–162Gd for a wide range of excitation energies from 5 to 20 MeV. The calculation that was performed with the elimination of effects associated with deformation revealed that the effects associated with neutron excess play a more significant role in the formation of the pygmy dipole resonance (PDR) strength when compared to the effects associated with a changing deformation. The calculations indicate the presence of magnetic dipole excitations with summed M1 strengths in the energy region between 5 and 8 MeV was less than 10% of the total dipole strength in the same energy region. We also took into account a recent experimental study of 156Gd in our discussion and paid particular attention to this isotope.
Ab initio investigation of topological phase transitions induced by pressure in trilayer van der Waals structures: the example of h-BN/SnTe/h-BN
Authors: Lima Matheus P , Besse Rafael , Da Silva Juarez L F 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The combination of two-dimensional crystals through the formation of van der Waals bilayers, trilayers, and heterostructures has been considered a promising route to design new materials due to the possibility of tuning their properties through the control of the number of layers, alloying pressure, strain, and other tuning mechanisms. Here, we report a density functional theory study on the interlayer phonon coupling and electronic structure of the trilayer h-BN/SnTe/h-BN, and the effects of pressure on the encapsulation of this trilayer system. Our findings demonstrated the establishment of a type I junction in the system, with a trivial bandgap of 0.55 eV, which is 10 % lower than the free-standing SnTe one. The almost inert h-BN capping layers allow a topological phase transition at a pressure of 13.5 GPa, in which the system evolves from a trivial insulator to a topological insulator. In addition, with further increase of the pressure up to 35 GPa, the non-trivial energy bandgap increases up to 0.30 eV. This behavior is especially relevant to allow experimental access to topological properties of materials, since large non-trivial energy bandgaps are required.
Dark-field signal extraction in propagation-based phase-contrast imaging
Authors: Gureyev T E , Paganin D M , Arhatari B , Taba S T , Lewis S , Brennan P C , Quiney H M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A method for extracting the dark-field signal in propagation-based phase-contrast imaging is proposed. In the case of objects consisting predominantly of a single material, or several different materials with similar ratios of the real decrement to the imaginary part of the complex refractive index, the proposed method requires a single image for extraction of the dark-field signal in two-dimensional projection imaging. In the case of three-dimensional tomographic imaging, the method needs only one image to be collected at each projection angle. Initial examples using simulated and experimental data indicate that this method can improve visualization of small sharp features inside a larger object, e.g. the visualization of microcalcifications in propagation-based x-ray breast cancer imaging. It is suggested that the proposed approach may be useful in other forms of biomedical imaging, where it can help one to obtain additional small-angle scattering information without increasing the radiation dose to the sample.
Sn-bridge type-Ⅱ PCN/Sn/SnO heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Chen Yefeng , Tang Dan , Wang Zhuhan , Yin Mengyun , Yang Qin , Zhou Yafen , Cheng Zhengjun , Wang Zhonghua , Zhang Kaiming , Zhou Limei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The porous g-C3N4 (PCN)/Sn/SnO ternary type-II heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized by simple heat treatment combined with photodeposition. The results of a series of characterizations displayed that, with an electronic bridge structure, the type-II heterojunction photocatalyst has been successfully prepared. In the presence of PCN/Sn/SnO, RhB was degraded entirely in 40 min, and the conversion and selectivity of benzylamine oxidative reaction reached 99.9% within 6 h. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of PCN/Sn/SnO is attributed to high specific surface area and the metallic Sn0 acting as electron bridges at the interface between SnO and PCN, which can accelerate the speed of photogenerated electrons transmission and inhibit recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. After five cycles of operation, PCN/Sn/SnO maintained high photocatalytic activity. A reasonable photocatalytic reaction pathway was proposed via the free radical quenching test and mechanism analysis.
Assessing Land-Use and Land-Cover Change (LULCC) Between 2009 and 2019 Using Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia
Authors: Darren How J A , Mohd Hasmadi I , Farrah Melissa M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cameron Highlands has witnessed multiple land encroachment activities as well as repeated deforestation leading to extensive land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) over the last 6 decades. This is due to the heightened increase in demand for urban growth as well as agricultural activities and tourism industries. This study aims to identify land cover classes and assess their changes in Cameron Highlands between 2009 and 2019. Geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques were used to process and analyse Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 imageries with the Object-based Image Analysis (OBIA) classification technique. The result showed that the study area experienced large changes in both agriculture and urban, as well as primary forests. LULC change for agriculture nearly tripled in 10 years from 4.93% in 2009 to 12.63% in 2019. Moreover, urban development increased from 7.48% in 2009 and 9.12% in 2019. However, the expense of this is at the cost of primary forests declining by 59.44 km2 (8.87%) of total land area from 2009 until 2019. The overall accuracy of the classification achieved 94.6%. This study would be able to provide suggestions and a basis for LULCC as well as forest monitoring in other mountainous regions of the world.