bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Protein Epitope Targeted by the Antibody Response to Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Rowley Anne H , Baker Susan C , Arrollo David , Gruen Leah J , Bodnar Tetyana , Innocentini Nancy , Hackbart Matthew , Cruz-Pulido Yazmin E , Wylie Kristine M , Kim Kwang-Youn A , Shulman Stanford T 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundKawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of childhood acquired heart disease in developed nations and can result in coronary artery aneurysms and death. Clinical and epidemiologic features implicate an infectious cause but specific antigenic targets of the disease are unknown. Peripheral blood plasmablasts are normally highly clonally diverse but the antibodies they encode are approximately 70% antigen-specific 1–2 weeks after infection.MethodsWe isolated single peripheral blood plasmablasts from children with KD 1–3 weeks after onset and prepared 60 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We used the mAbs to identify their target antigens and assessed serologic response among KD patients and controls to specific antigen.ResultsThirty-two mAbs from 9 of 11 patients recognize antigen within intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in ciliated bronchial epithelial cells of fatal cases. Five of these mAbs, from 3 patients with coronary aneurysms, recognize a specific peptide, which blocks binding to inclusion bodies. Sera from 5/8 KD patients day ≥ 8 after illness onset, compared with 0/17 infant controls (P &lt; .01), recognized the KD peptide antigen.ConclusionsThese results identify a protein epitope targeted by the antibody response to KD and provide a means to elucidate the pathogenesis of this important worldwide pediatric problem.
Accounting for data variability in multi-institutional distributed deep learning for medical imaging
Authors: Balachandar Niranjan , Chang Ken , Kalpathy-Cramer Jayashree , Rubin Daniel L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Sharing patient data across institutions to train generalizable deep learning models is challenging due to regulatory and technical hurdles. Distributed learning, where model weights are shared instead of patient data, presents an attractive alternative. Cyclical weight transfer (CWT) has recently been demonstrated as an effective distributed learning method for medical imaging with homogeneous data across institutions. In this study, we optimize CWT to overcome performance losses from variability in training sample sizes and label distributions across institutions.

Materials and Methods
Optimizations included proportional local training iterations, cyclical learning rate, locally weighted minibatch sampling, and cyclically weighted loss. We evaluated our optimizations on simulated distributed diabetic retinopathy detection and chest radiograph classification.

Results
Proportional local training iteration mitigated performance losses from sample size variability, achieving 98.6% of the accuracy attained by centrally hosting in the diabetic retinopathy dataset split with highest sample size variance across institutions. Locally weighted minibatch sampling and cyclically weighted loss both mitigated performance losses from label distribution variability, achieving 98.6% and 99.1%, respectively, of the accuracy attained by centrally hosting in the diabetic retinopathy dataset split with highest label distribution variability across institutions.

Discussion
Our optimizations to CWT improve its capability of handling data variability across institutions. Compared to CWT without optimizations, CWT with optimizations achieved performance significantly closer to performance from centrally hosting.

Conclusion
Our work is the first to identify and address challenges of sample size and label distribution variability in simulated distributed deep learning for medical imaging. Future work is needed to address other sources of real-world data variability.
The acetabulum in healed Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease is cranially retroverted and associated with global reduction of femoral head coverage: a matched-cohort study
Authors: Maranho Daniel A , Ferrer Mariana , Kalish Leslie A , Hovater Whitney , Novais Eduardo N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
To evaluate the acetabular morphology in healed Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease after skeletal maturity using computed tomography (CT) scan and to compare with matched controls. We identified 33 (37 hips) patients with healed Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease and closed triradiate cartilage who underwent pelvic CT scan. Each patient was matched based on sex, age and side to a subject with no history of hip disease who had undergone pelvic CT evaluation because of abdominal pain. Both cohorts had 23 (70%) males and mean age of 16.4–16.5 ± 3.6 years. Two independent readers assessed lateral center-edge angle (LCEA), acetabular inclination angle (IA), acetabular depth-width ratio (ADR), acetabular version 10 mm below the dome (cranial) and at the acetabular center and anterior (AASA) and posterior acetabular sector angles (PASA). All measurements had good to excellent interobserver agreement (intraclass coefficients ≥ 0.87). The hips in the Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease cohort had a smaller mean ± standard deviation (SD) superior, anterior and posterior acetabular coverage as assessed by LCEA (13.2° ± 10.7° versus 28.2° ± 3.4°; P &lt; 0.0001), IA (11.6° ± 6.7° versus 3.5° ± 2.8°; P &lt; 0.0001), AASA (52.4° ± 9.5° versus 59.3° ± 5.0°; P = 0.001) and PASA (79.3° ± 5.9° versus 92.3° ± 5.5°; P &lt; 0.0001) compared with controls. The acetabulum was shallower (ADR 287 ± 45 versus 323 ± 28; P = 0.0002) and the acetabular version was decreased cranially (0.4°±9.2° versus 8.2°±6.8°; P = 0.0002) and at the acetabular center (13.7°±5.1° versus 17.2° ±3.8°; P = 0.004) in Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease hips. After skeletal maturity, hips with healed Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease have shallower and more cranially retroverted acetabula, with globally reduced coverage of the femoral head compared with age-, sex- and side-matched control hips.
Enhancement of image contrast for carbon nanotube and polymer composite film in scanning electron microscope
Authors: Hashimoto Yoichiro , Ito Hiroyuki , Sasajima Masahiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImage contrast between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in a CNT/PTFE composite film, which is difficult to obtain by conventional backscattered electron (BSE) imaging, was optimized to better elucidate the distribution of CNT in the film. Ultra-low landing energy condition (0.3 keV in this study) was used to prevent specimen damage due to electron beam irradiation. Signal acceptance maps, which represent the distributions of energy and take-off angle, were calculated to evaluate the features of the signal detection system used in this study. SEM images of this composite film were taken under several sets of conditions and analyzed using these acceptance maps. CNT and PTFE in the composite film can be clearly distinguished with material and topographic contrasts using the BSE signal under optimized energy and take-off angle ranges, even at ultra-low landing energy conditions.
Acute appendicitis within a robotic port-site hernia: a case report
Authors: Qu Tong , Li Ruojia , Kothari Anai N , Anstadt Michael J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Trocar-site hernias are uncommon complications of minimally invasive surgery. The potential for incarceration or strangulation of intra-abdominal contents within trocar-site hernias can lead to major morbidity. We present a case of acute, strangulated appendicitis within a right lower quadrant 8 mm robotic trocar site following robot-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We additionally perform a brief review of the literature regarding the optimal approach to trocar-site closure.
The Crisis of Regeneration in Ruth Ozeki’s My Year of Meats and All Over Creation
Authors: Xu Wenying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRuth Ozeki’s first two novels, My Year of Meats (1998) and All Over Creation (2002), bring into focus the crisis of regeneration that humans, animals, and plants face alike. My Year of Meats exposes and indicts the global meat industry for its association with contamination, deformity, disease, and violence, all of which impact life’s fertility. All Over Creation explores the conflicts of biodiversity versus monoculture and fecundity versus biotechnological control by presenting the quandaries regarding genetically modified potatoes in Idaho. In these contexts, Ozeki creates women characters who bear the sorrow and despair of being childless due to their exposure to toxins and other environmental contaminations. Her portrayals of meat and potato farming catalog the devastating assaults of patriarchy and capitalism against Earth and its inhabitants. This essay focuswa on the subject of infertility in these two novels. Moving from the juxtaposition of animal farming with women’s infertility to that of potato farming with women’s infertility, these two novels represent their author’s unswerving endeavor to deconstruct patriarchal dualism and to unite humans and Earth in their common crisis of regeneration. Hence, this essay argues that by drawing trans-species parallels between women and animals, women and plants, Ozeki exposes and condemns patriarchal and capitalist violence that is putting life’s regeneration in peril.
The frequency of gaseous debris discs around white dwarfs
Authors: Manser Christopher J , Gänsicke Boris T , Gentile Fusillo Nicola Pietro , Ashley Richard , Breedt Elmé , Hollands Mark , Izquierdo Paula , Pelisoli Ingrid 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
A total of 1–3 per cent of white dwarfs are orbited by planetary dusty debris detectable as infrared emission in excess above the white dwarf flux. In a rare subset of these systems, a gaseous disc component is also detected via emission lines of the Ca ii 8600 Å triplet, broadened by the Keplerian velocity of the disc. We present the first statistical study of the fraction of debris discs containing detectable amounts of gas in emission at white dwarfs within a magnitude and signal-to-noise ratio limited sample. We select 7705 single white dwarfs spectroscopically observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Gaia with magnitudes g ≤ 19. We identify five gaseous disc hosts, all of which have been previously discovered. We calculate the occurrence rate of a white dwarf hosting a debris disc detectable via Ca ii emission lines as $0.067\, \pm \, ^{0.042}_{0.025}$ per cent. This corresponds to an occurrence rate for a dusty debris disc to have an observable gaseous component in emission as 4 ± $_{2}^{4}$ per cent. Given that variability is a common feature of the emission profiles of gaseous debris discs, and the recent detection of a planetesimal orbiting within the disc of SDSS J122859.93+104032.9, we propose that gaseous components are tracers for the presence of planetesimals embedded in the discs and outline a qualitative model. We also present spectroscopy of the Ca ii triplet 8600 Å region for 20 white dwarfs hosting dusty debris discs in an attempt to identify gaseous emission. We do not detect any gaseous components in these 20 systems, consistent with the occurrence rate that we calculated.
barry and the BAO model comparison
Authors: Hinton Samuel R , Howlett Cullan , Davis Tamara M 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We compare the performance of four state-of-the-art models for extracting isotropic measurements of the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale. To do this, we created a new, public, modular code barry, which contains data sets, model fitting tools, and model implementations incorporating different descriptions of non-linear physics and algorithms for isolating the BAO feature. These are then evaluated for bias, correlation, and fitting strength using mock power spectra and correlation functions developed for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12. Our main findings are as follows: (1) all of the models can recover unbiased constraints when fit to the pre- and post-reconstruction simulations. (2) Models that provide physical descriptions of the damping of the BAO feature (using e.g. standard perturbation or effective-field theory arguments) report smaller errors on average, although the distribution of mock χ2 values indicates these are underestimated. (3) Allowing the BAO damping scale to vary can provide tighter constraints for some mocks, but is an artificial improvement that only arises when noise randomly sharpens the BAO peak. (4) Unlike recent claims in the literature when utilizing a BAO Extractor technique, we find no improvement in the accuracy of the recovered BAO scale. (5) We implement a procedure for combining all models into a single consensus result that improves over the standard method without obviously underestimating the uncertainties. Overall, barry provides a framework for performing the cosmological analyses for upcoming surveys, and for rapidly testing and validating new models.
Birth environment of circumbinary planets: are there circumbinary planets on inclined orbits?
Authors: Ma Chuan-Tao , Gong Yan-Xiang , Wu Xiao-Mei , Ji Jianghui 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
The distribution of the orbital inclination angles of circumbinary planets (CBPs) is an important scientific issue, and it is of great significance for estimating the occurrence rate of CBPs and studying their formation and evolution. Although the CBPs currently discovered by the transit method are nearly coplanar, the true distribution of the inclinations of CBPs is still unknown. Previous research on CBPs has mostly regarded them as isolated binary-planet systems, without considering the birth environment of their host binaries. It is generally believed that almost all stars are born in clusters. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the effects of the close encounters of stars on CBP systems. In this paper, we discuss how the close encounters of fly-by stars affect the inclinations of CBPs. Based on extensive numerical simulations, we have found that CBPs in a close binary with a spacing of ∼0.2 au are almost unaffected by fly-by stars. Their orbits remain coplanar. However, when the spacing of the binary stars is greater than 1 au, two to three fly-bys of an intruding star can excite a considerable inclination, even for a CBP near the unstable boundary of the binary. For CBPs in the outer region, the fly-by of a single star can excite an inclination to more than 5°. In particular, CBPs in near polar or retrograde orbits can naturally form through binary–star encounters. If close binaries are born in open clusters, our simulations suggest that there may be high-inclination CBPs in binaries with a spacing &gt;1 au.
Incidence trends in pediatric central nervous system tumors in Canada: a 15 years report from Cancer and Young People in Canada (CYP-C) registry
Authors: Larouche Valérie , Toupin Annie-Kim , Lalonde Benoît , Simonyan David , Jabado Nada , Perreault Sébastien 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to present a national surveillance report on pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors in Canada during the period between 2001 and 2015.MethodsAll pediatric patients with a diagnosis of primary CNS tumors were collected by the Cancer in Young People in Canada (CYP-C) surveillance system that includes every patient less than 15 years of age with a tumor seen in one of the 17 pediatric oncology centres in Canada. This registry included malignant and benign CNS tumors. We calculated the age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs) per 100 000 person-years for CNS tumors overall and by age group, major histology subgroups, and geographical distribution over the country.ResultsOverall, 3306 patients less than 15 years old had been diagnosed with a CNS tumor in Canada in 2001–2015 with a 1.23:1 male to female ratio. The overall AAIR is 3.80. The three most frequent groups of tumors were low-grade gliomas (36.4%), high-grade gliomas (22.3%), and embryonal tumors (18.7%) with incidence rates of 1.41, 0.86, and 0.72 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The incidence rate of pediatric CNS tumors is stable during the period 2001–2015 in Canada and no significant differences were seen between malignant and benign tumors over the country.ConclusionsThese data represent all the pediatric patients 0–14 years old with a CNS tumor in the Canadian population. Incidence rates by age group, sex, and subgroups of tumors are similar to those seen in the literature.
Predictive Evidence and Unpredictable Freedom
Authors: Pundik Amit 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
When determining in criminal proceedings whether an individual performed a certain culpable action, predictive evidence is often ignored. Most notably, and with few exceptions, base-rates are excluded. The hostility of criminal fact-finding towards predictive evidence is also apparent in the deeply rooted suspicion of bad character and previous convictions. In this paper, I seek to explain this hostility by suggesting that criminal fact-finding implicitly adheres to the view that culpable conduct requires free will that is necessarily unpredictable. While theorists tend to agree that it is possible to predict a free action, at least with some degree of confidence, I contend that criminal fact-finding adheres to the view that free actions cannot have either subjective or objective probabilities. It is not only the lack of sufficient information that prevents an accurate prediction of how an agent will act freely: free actions cannot be predicted because their probability does not exist.
A low-cost and duplicable portable solar adaptive optics system based on LabVIEW hybrid programming
Authors: Ren Deqing , Wang Gang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We have developed a portable solar adaptive optics (PSAO) for diffraction-limited imaging based on today’s multi-core personal computer. Our PSAO software is written in LabVIEW code, which features block-diagram function based programming and can dramatically speed up the software development. The PSAO can achieve a ~1000 Hz open-loop correction speed with a Shack–Hartmann Wave-front Sensor (SH-WFS) in 11 × 11 sub-aperture configuration. The image shift measurements for solar wave-front sensing are the most time-consuming computations in a solar adaptive optics (AO) system. Since our current LabVIEW program does not fully support multi-core techniques for the image shift measurements, it cannot fully take advantage of the multi-core computer’s power for parallel computation. In order to accelerate the AO system’s running speed, a dedicated message passing interface/open multi-processing parallel programming technique is developed for our LabVIEW-based AO program, which fully supports multi-core parallel computation in LabVIEW programming. Our experiments demonstrate that the hybrid parallel technique can significantly improve the running speed of the solar AO system, and this work paves the way for the applications of a low-cost and duplicable PSAO system for large solar telescopes.
Discovery of annular X-ray emission centered on MAXI J1421-613: Dust-scattering X-rays?
Authors: Nobukawa Kumiko K , Nobukawa Masayoshi , Yamauchi Shigeo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report the discovery of an annular emission of $\sim\!\! {3^{\prime }}\!-\!{9^{\prime }}$ radius around the center of a transient source, the X-ray burster MAXI J1421-613, in the Suzaku follow-up analysis. The spectrum of the annular emission shows no significant emission-line structure, and is well explained by an absorbed power-law model with a photon index of $\sim\!\! 4.2$. These features exclude the possibility that the annular emission is a shell-like component of a supernova remnant. The spectral shape, the time history, and the X-ray flux of the annular emission agree with the scenario that the emission is due to a dust-scattering echo. The annular emission is made under a rare condition of the dust-scattering echo, where the central X-ray source, MAXI J1421-613, exhibits a short time outburst with three X-ray bursts and immediately re-enters a long quiescent period. The distribution of the hydrogen column density along the annular emission follows that of the CO intensity, which means that MAXI J1421-613 is located behind the CO cloud. We estimate the distance to MAXI J1421-613 to be $\sim\!\! 3\:$kpc assuming that the dust layer responsible for the annular emission is located at the same position as the CO cloud.
Deeply cooled core of the Phoenix galaxy cluster imaged by ALMA with the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect
Authors: Kitayama Tetsu , Ueda Shutaro , Akahori Takuya , Komatsu Eiichiro , Kawabe Ryohei , Kohno Kotaro , Takakuwa Shigehisa , Takizawa Motokazu , Tsutsumi Takahiro , Yoshikawa Kohji 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We present measurements of the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect (SZE) toward SPT-CL J2334-4243 (the Phoenix galaxy cluster) at $z=0.597$ by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Band 3. The SZE is imaged at $5^{\prime \prime }$ resolution (corresponding to the physical scale of $23\:h^{-1}\:$kpc) within $200\:h^{-1}\:$kpc from the central galaxy, with the peak signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 11. Combined with the Chandra X-ray image, the ALMA SZE data further allow for non-parametric deprojection of electron temperature, density, and entropy. Our method can minimize contamination by the central active galactic nucleus and the X-ray absorbing gas within the cluster, both of which greatly affect the X-ray spectrum. We find no significant asymmetry or disturbance in the SZE image within the current measurement errors. The detected SZE signal shows much higher central concentration than other distant galaxy clusters and agrees well with the average pressure profile of local cool-core clusters. Unlike in typical clusters at any redshift, the gas temperature drops by at least a factor of 5 toward the center. We identify $\sim\!\! 6 \times 10^{11}\, M_\odot$ cool gas with temperature $\sim\!\! 3\:$keV in the inner $20\:h^{-1}\:$kpc. Taken together, our results imply that the gas is indeed cooling efficiently and nearly isobarically down to this radius in the Phoenix cluster.
First detection of X-ray line emission from Type IIn supernova 1978K with XMM-Newton’s RGS
Authors: Chiba Yuki , Katsuda Satoru , Yoshida Takashi , Takahashi Koh , Umeda Hideyuki 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report on robust measurements of elemental abundances of the Type IIn supernova SN 1978K, based on the high-resolution X-ray spectrum obtained with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) onboard XMM-Newton. The RGS clearly resolves a number of emission lines, including N Ly$\alpha$, O Ly$\alpha$, O Ly$\beta$, Fe xvii, Fe xviii, Ne He$\alpha$, and Ne Ly$\alpha$ for the first time from SN 1978K. The X-ray spectrum can be represented by an absorbed, two-temperature thermal emission model, with temperatures of $kT \sim 0.6$ keV and 2.7 keV. The elemental abundances are obtained to be N $=$$2.36_{{-0.80}}^{{+0.88}}$, O $=$$0.20 \pm {0.05}$, Ne $=$$0.47 \pm {0.12}$, Fe $=$$0.15_{{-0.02}}^{{+0.01}}$ times the solar values. The low metal abundances except for N show that the X-ray emitting plasma originates from the circumstellar medium blown by the progenitor star. The abundances of N and O are far from the CNO-equilibrium abundances expected for the surface composition of a luminous blue variable, and resemble the H-rich envelope of less massive stars with masses of 10–25$\, M_{\odot }$. Together with other peculiar properties of SN 1978K, i.e., a low expansion velocity of 500–1000 km s$^{-1}$ and SN IIn-like optical spectra, we propose that SN 1978K is a result of either an electron-capture SN from a super asymptotic giant branch star, or a weak Fe core-collapse explosion of a relatively low-mass ($\sim \! \! 10\, M_{\odot }$) or high-mass ($\sim$20–25$\, M_{\odot }$) red supergiant star. However, these scenarios cannot naturally explain the high mass-loss rate of the order of $\dot{M} \sim 10^{-3}\, M_{\odot }\:{\rm yr^{-1}}$ over $\gtrsim$1000 yr before the explosion, which is inferred by this work as well as many other earlier studies. Further theoretical studies are required to explain the high mass-loss rates at the final evolutionary stages of massive stars.