bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Anti‐photoaging Effects of Pre‐ and Post‐treatment of Platelet‐rich Plasma on UVB‐damaged HaCaT Keratinocytes
Authors: Cui Xiao , Ma Yongshi , Wang Hong , Huang Jianfang , Li Linlin , Tang Jianbing , Cheng Biao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlatelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has seen wide clinical use owing to its regenerative and repair abilities. Objective: To investigate the anti‐photoaging effects of pre‐ and post‐treatment of PRP on UVB‐damaged HaCaT cells. Methods: HaCaT cells were irradiated with 80 mJ/cm2 UVB, before or after PRP treatment (1000 × 107/L), and following measurements were taken: survival rate of UVB‐irradiated HaCaT cells, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Western blot was used to determine the effect of different PRP intervention on the expression of PI3K, AKT, ERK, MMP‐1, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1 and γ‐H2AX in the UVB‐irradiated HaCaT cells. Results: pre‐ and post‐PRP treatment reduced MDA content and increased the activities of GSH‐Px, SOD and CAT in photoaged HaCaT cells. These changes resulted in reduced cytotoxic effects. Besides, different PRP intervention promoted cell proliferation via PI3K/AKT pathway. Furthermore, PRP application suppressed the expression of γ‐H2AX. Also, PRP intervention alleviated photoaging effects by upregulating the expression level of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1) while downregulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression level in photoaged HaCaT cells. Conclusion: pre‐ and post‐PRP treatment play anti‐photoaging role through strengthening cellular oxidative defense capacity, mitigating MMP expression, alleviating DNA damages and promoting proliferation of UVB‐irradiated HaCaT cells.
Host density dependence and environmental factors affecting laurel wilt disease incidence
Authors: Choudhury Robin A. , Er Hong Ling , Hughes Marc A. , Smith Jason A. , Pruett Gretchen E. , Konkol Joshua , Ploetz Randy C. , Marois James J. , Garrett Karen A. , van Bruggen Ariena H. C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHost size, density, and distribution, in addition to climate, can affect the likelihood a pathogen will invade and saturate landscapes. Laurel wilt, caused by the vector‐borne pathogen Raffaelea lauricola, has devastated populations of native Lauraceae in the south‐eastern USA, and continues to spread. We surveyed 87 plots in six coastal islands in South Carolina, Georgia, and north Florida, and one inland site (Archbold Biological Station) in south Florida for laurel wilt‐affected and unaffected individual plants belonging to the genus Persea. The coastal island sites were surveyed once in 2008 or 2009, and the inland site was surveyed eight times from 2011 to 2013. Disease incidence per plot ranged from 0% to 96%, with mean disease incidence 42% across all sites. Disease incidence was positively correlated with trunk diameter and with density of hosts with trunk diameter >5 cm, but negatively correlated with the degree of clustering, which was highest for small trees. A recursive partitioning model indicated that higher disease incidence was associated with moderate temperatures, wider trunk diameter, lower relative humidity, and lower wind speeds. Disease progress over time at Archbold followed a Gompertz curve, plateauing at 3% in 2 years. The dispersal kernel for disease incidence from a focus followed a negative exponential distribution. The number of plots with diseased trees at Archbold was similar for redbay (P. borbonia) and swampbay (P. palustris) but was lower for silkbay (P. humilis). Understanding how host density, size, and diversity interact with environmental effects will help guide future risk prediction efforts.
Metabolomic differences of seminal plasma between boars with high and low average conception rates after artificial insemination
Authors: Zhang Yu‐ting , Liu Yan , Liang Han‐lin , Xu Qian‐qian , Liu Zhong‐hua , Weng Xiao‐gang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSeminal plasma is a complex biological fluid containing many metabolites including amino acids, fructose, carbohydrates and lipids Metabolites play important roles in multiple biological processes, but details and significance of the seminal plasma metabolome related to boar fertility are unknown. The aim of the present study was to compare the comprehensive metabolome of seminal plasma from boars with different conception rate after artificial insemination and to identify the potential biomarkers. Semen samples were collected from boars which divided into two groups according to the conception rates in the offspring. Seminal plasma metabolites were isolated, purified, and then subjected to Ultra‐high Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC‐qTOF‐MS) procession. A total of 576 (Positive ion mode) and 377 (Negative ion mode) metabolites were identified in seminal plasma. Metabolites were identified and categorized according to their major chemical classes, including carboxylic acids and derivatives, organooxygen compounds, amino acids, peptides, and alogues, fatty amides, fatty acyls, benzene and substituted derivatives, purine nucleotides, pyrimidine nucleotides, glycosyl compounds, fatty acids and conjugates. The results showed that 4‐Aminobenzoate, Pro‐Asn, Ile‐Tyr, Homoveratric acid and D‐Biotin were higher in semen of boar with higher conception rate (HG) versus lower conception rate (LG) (p < .05), whereas L‐Serine, Butoxyacetic acid, S‐Methyl‐5'‐thioadenosine, Capsaicin and 1‐O‐(cis‐9‐Octadecenyl)‐2‐O‐acetyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (PAF) were lower in HG than in LG (p < .05). These metabolites may be considered as candidate biomarkers for different fertility in boars.
Two novel FUT1 alleles that cause para‐Bombay phenotype in a Chinese individual
Authors: Lin Feng‐Qiu , Zhang Kun‐Lian , Li Xiao‐Feng , Zhang Xu , Liu Ying , Li Jian‐Ping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundBombay and para‐Bombay phenotypes, which arise from gene mutations of α‐1,2‐fucosyltransferase FUT1, are very rare in Chinese population. A para‐Bombay phenotype Chinese individual with two novel FUT1 mutations was reported here.Study Design and MethodsThe peripheral blood and saliva samples of the proband and her family members were collected after informed consent. ABO and H blood group phenotyping was performed by haemagglutination methods. ABO genotype was determined by PCR‐SSP kit. A, B, and H antigens in saliva were detected by a hemagglutination inhibition test. Fragments encompassing the full coding region of FUT1 and FUT2 genes were PCR amplified and sequenced. Allelic sequences were validated by cloning and sequencing individual colonies.ResultsThe serologic reaction results of the proband revealed that A, B, and H antigen were absent on RBCs, but B and H antigen were presented in saliva, and the serum contains anti‐H. The proband was assigned as B/O1 by ABO genotyping. Two new heterozygous mutations of FUT1 gene, c.508dupT and c.787A>C, were identified through direct sequencing of PCR‐amplified products. TA cloning and sequencing confirmed that two novel mutations were on different alleles. FUT2 gene sequence of the proband is consistent with standard. The other family members of the proband showed normal phenotypes of ABO blood group and their genotypes are consistent with phenotypes.ConclusionTwo novel FUT1 alleles, with the previously not reported mutations c.508dupT and c.787C, respectively, are responsible for the para‐Bombay phenotype detected in the sample from the proband.
Development of the STEP-to-DB Converter for the Web-Based PDM
Authors: Kim Sun-Ho , Jeong Yong-Mun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
STEP data exchanged for collaborative engineering is usually used in CAD systems. However, it is not used so well in PDM systems due to differences in data scope and structure. In order to resolve this inefficiency, we developed the STEP file converter which can manipulate STEP data in web-based PDM systems. The translation scope is limited to AP203. The translator consists of two modules: 1) the viewer which displays STEP data in web environments and 2) mapping editor and translator between STEP schema and PDM database schema.
Information Sharing Within a Distributed, Collaborative Design Process: A Case Study
Authors: MacGregor Steven P. , Thomson Avril I. , Juster Neal P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A current research project at the University of Strathclyde is introduced which aims to better understand the role of distributed engineering design in industry and address present problems. The first major industrial case study of the project, completed within a multinational in the oil and gas industry, is then described together with the main research questions. This multinational will be described in the text as company A. The findings are split into three areas depending on the data collection method employed. The main case study issues are investigated through interviews while a profile of current activities and perceptions comes from completed questionnaires. Sampling and analysis of distributed activity over time is served by the completion of daily diaries and direct observation. These combine to increase the understanding of information sharing and collaborative design in a distributed organization. Interviews show the importance of design reuse within the organization contrasting with the pressures of formalizing all parts of a design project. The preponderance of variant design activity is also highlighted along with concerns of continued practice. The questionnaires show that 34% of engineers’ time is spent sourcing relevant information and knowledge and that the most popular sources are company systems followed by personal contact. 18% of work is found to be distributed while colleagues from another location and another floor/department know more 51% and 57% of the time respectively. The detail design phase of a distributed design project is analysed over time which finds that most collaborative work consists of simple information exchange supplementary to the main design activity. Furthermore, concentrated periods of collaborative design are found to follow these information exchange cycles’. Distributed problems are also discussed in the paper, ranging from difficulties with unfamiliar terminology to a lack of visibility at worldwide sites.
Using the Abstract Prototyping Technique in the Development of Design Support Systems
Authors: Opiyo E. Z. , Horváth I. , Vergeest J. S. M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the process of development of Computer Aided Design (CAD) software tools, the expected functionality reappears in various different forms, for instance, as a collection of theories, methods, algorithms or as pilot implementations. Ensuring quality of these abstract software implementations can help assuring the acceptance of the functionality. The problem is that a formal methodology for assuring quality of all these abstract implementations is not available. As an attempt to deal with this challenge, we have developed a computer based pre-implementation testing methodology that has been named abstract prototyping. The exclusive feature of the abstract prototyping technique and the philosophy behind it is that it provides a framework for pre-implementation testing and for involving the representatives of various stakeholders in the development and testing of incidental implementations. We are using abstract prototyping as a framework for development and testing of abstract implementations of design support software tools, and it appears to be useful. It provides the developers with a methodology for exploring views of various stakeholders. It thus helps reduce the risk of developing poor design support software tools. In this paper we first review the problem and then briefly introduce the abstract prototyping concept and software tools. Afterwards, we focus on explaining how to use the abstract prototyping technique in the development and testing of design support software tools.
Integrated Genome-Like Product Database and Management System
Authors: Tan Ah-Kat , Bonollo Elivio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A novel approach in organizing product data and managing product information in collaborative product design and development environments is presented. Domains of product data and information are first discussed in the context of generic models of product development process and product design process. An approach called the Product Information Management System (PRIMAS) for organizing and managing product information is subsequently described. In the system, product data is organized in a genome-like relational database (PRIMAS-DB), comprising a matrix of two categories of factors, namely, the Information Fields and the Product Constituents. The Information Fields consist of four generic domains for organizing information for the various activities represented as Product Constituents. The operational model and architecture of PRIMAS are presented. Development of a prototype for PRIMAS and plan for further work are described.
Comparative Study of Representation Structures for Modeling Function and Behavior of Mechanical Devices
Authors: Summers Joshua D. , Vargas-Hernández Noé , Zhao Zuozhi , Shah Jami J. , Lacroix Zoé 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Engineering design is focussed on the development of artifacts and systems to satisfy specified functions. Current CAD systems provide little support integrating the modeling of the function, behavior, and form of designed artifacts throughout the design process. The focus of this paper is to investigate four representations for use in function representation for conceptual design, embodiment design, and design for manufacturing. These four representations include: Graph Grammars, Exemplars, Bond Graphs, and Function Converters. It is shown that different representations are more suited for different phases of design depending upon required design tasks and for representing different types of function knowledge. Finally, an approach for integration of these representations is proposed, synthesizing a hybrid representation based upon the strengths of the four identified strategies.
Calibrating Virtual Environments for Engineering Applications
Authors: Jayaram Uma , Repp Roglenda 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A major disadvantage of some tracking systems used in virtual reality environments is the degradation in accuracy due to the presence of metals and other electromagnetic distortions in the environment. Calibration of the virtual environment to account for these distortions is essential for VR applications in engineering where correlation between the virtual environment and the physical world is important. The goal of the calibration process is to map the distorted tracker space to the physical space as accurately as possible for real-time applications.
In this paper the authors present an integrated calibration system used with an electromagnetic tracking system. The components of this system are described in detail, including data collection, grid refinement, interpolation, and evaluation. The paper describes different alternatives for measuring systematic errors of magnetic trackers in a room, and for automatically correcting them using various techniques to interpolate between sets of measurements to achieve error estimates and corrections. Several key techniques and algorithms are presented in detail and evaluated in terms of accuracy and execution time over a range of cell densities. Among the interpolation methods considered are inverse distance weighting and affine transformation mappings, as well as variations and combinations of these. The calibration system, called COVE (Calibration of Virtual Environments), has been successful in allowing accurate tracking for several engineering applications.
Problem Formulation and Basic Elements for Automated Multi-Piece Mold Design
Authors: Chen Yong , Rosen David 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Mold design can be a difficult, time-consuming process. Particularly for rapid tooling applications, delivering prototype parts with turn-around times of less than two weeks requires fast, proven mold design methods. We present a region-based approach to automated mold design that is suitable for simple two-piece molds (consisting of core and cavity), as well as molds with many additional moving sections. In our region-based approach, part faces are partitioned into regions, each of which can be formed by a single mold piece. The basic elements of our approach are concave regions (generalized pockets) and convex faces since these elements are central to the identification of regions. This paper focuses on the initial steps of automated mold design, including a problem formulation and methods for identifying the basic elements from part faces. By seeking to minimize the number of mold pieces, different partitions of faces into regions are explored until the smallest number of regions is found. During this process, faces may be split and allocated to different regions. The scope of this paper is limited to the initial steps of the region forming process. We present alternative region forming algorithms and analyze their computational complexity. Our approach is illustrated with two examples of industrial injection molded parts.
Timing Studies of Real-Time Linux for Control
Authors: Proctor Frederick M. , Shackleford William P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Linux is being used increasingly for real-time control of industrial equipment. Versions of Linux adapted to support deterministic task execution are freely available. The resolution of task timing is much higher than for typical user-level processes, on the order of tens of microseconds. At this level, timing jitter due to hardware effects is visible.
This paper describes Linux and real-time Linux, its application for industrial control, and shows the results of some timing studies. Various timing techniques are presented and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. A method for improving timing is presented.
Computer-Based Design of Disc Brakes by Multi-Objective Form Optimization
Authors: Metwalli Sayed M. , Hegazi Hesham A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the application of CAD to design disc brakes using multi-objective form optimization. Temperature and disc (rotor) volume are two competing design objective functions used to obtain the optimum design parameters of disc brakes. The geometrical parameters affecting disk brake design such as the outer and inner disc diameters, disc thickness, pad thickness and pad angle are considered. The exponents of the two competing objective functions are to be optimized for better results. A sensitivity analysis of the two exponents (A and B) is used for this optimization procedure. The design vector for optimizing disc brakes includes the outer disc diameters, diameter ratio, disc thickness, and pad angle. The multi-objective formulation satisfies maximum attained torque; minimum actuating force; minimum thermal stresses; minimum temperature and minimum disc volume. A comparison with two previous optimization results indicates a marked improvement of the present design since previous results did not consider all design parameters or optimized objectives.
Relative Cooling With Liquid for Gas Turbines: Part I — A Solution for Exceeding 2000 K at Turbine Inlet
Authors: Constantin Sandu , Brasoveanu Dan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The thermal efficiency of gas turbines is critically dependent on the temperature of burnt gases at turbine inlet, the higher this temperature the higher the efficiency. Stochiometric combustion would provide maximum efficiency, but in the absence of an internal cooling system, turbine blades cannot tolerate gas temperatures that exceed 1300 K. Therefore, for this temperature, the thermal efficiency of turbine engine is 40% less than theoretical maximum. Conventional air-cooling techniques of turbine blades allow inlet temperatures of about 1500 K on current operating engines yielding thermal efficiency gains of about 6%. New designs, that incorporate advanced air-cooling methods allows inlet temperatures of 1750–1800 K, with a thermal efficiency gain of about 6% relative to current operating engines. This temperature is near the limit allowed by air-cooling systems. Turbine blades can be cooled with air taken from the compressor or with liquid. Cooling systems with air are easier to design but have a relatively low heat transfer capacity and reduce the efficiency of the engine. Some cooling systems with liquid rely on thermal gradients to promote re-circulation from the tip to the root of turbine blades. In this case, the flow and cooling of liquid are restricted. For best results, cooling systems with liquid should use a pump to re-circulate the coolant. In the past, designers tried to place this pump on the engine stator and therefore were unable to avoid high coolant losses because it is impossible to reliably seal the stator-rotor interface. Therefore it was assumed that cooling systems with liquid could not incorporate pumps. This is an unwarranted assumption as shown studying the system in a moving frame of reference that is linked to the rotor. Here is the crucial fact overlooked by previous designers. The relative motion of engine stator with respect to the rotor is sufficient to motivate a cooling pump. Both the pump and heat exchange system that is required to provide rapid cooling of liquid with cold ambient air, could be located within the rotor. Therefore, the entire cooling system can be encapsulated within the rotor and the sealing problem is circumvented. Compared to recent designs that use advanced air-cooling methods, such a liquid cooling system would increase the thermal efficiency by 8%–11% because the temperatures at turbine inlet can reach stoichiometric levels and most of the heat extracted from turbine during cooling is recuperated. The appreciated high reliability of the system will permit a large applicability in aerospace propulsion.
Reading Required Characters in Market of Products by Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Arakawa Masao , Nakayama Hirotaka , Yun Ye Boon , Ishikawa Hiroshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we will try to help decision making of very early design stage what the designers have to take into account to design competitive products. The proposed method is based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and through DEA; we will derive requirements of needs in the markets for the products. As for numerical example, we use 108 data from automobile and classify them into 11 categories and find out the character of each category and showed how the weights shift to gain competitive power in the market.
Product Line Design Selection Under Uncertainty and With Competitive Advantage
Authors: Li Hui , Azarm Shapour 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An approach for product line design is presented in which a line of products is selected for launching into the market. In the approach, the product line design is viewed as a selection process with two main stages: design alternative generation and design alternative evaluation. The focus of this paper is on the design alternative evaluation stage. Issues considered include a large variety of customer preferences, market competitions, multiple business goals, uncertainty, and commonality among the alternatives in a product line. Because of the combinatorial nature of the problem, genetic algorithms are used in the design evaluation stage. Product line design selection of a cordless screwdriver is used as a demonstration example. However, the emphasis in the example is on the approach and not in the details per se.