bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Richards Christopher J. , Olivier Kenneth N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOver the past decade, the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection has been increasing in cystic fibrosis patients. Along with this have come a host of complications and burdens to patients that threaten longevity and quality of life. The two main constituents of NTM pulmonary disease, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and M. abscessus, are notoriously difficult to treat with suboptimal clinical responses and are accompanied by high treatment burdens for patients. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of NTM epidemiology, pathogenesis, professional society guidelines for diagnosis and treatment, and the efficacy of current management recommendations, with attention to cystic fibrosis patients. We go on to examine drugs of emerging but unknown efficacy in clinical use to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current state of management of NTM for cystic fibrosis patients.
Treatment of Type II Scaphoid Nonunion Advanced Collapse Lesions by Scaphoid Distal Pole Resection and Proximal Tenodesis of Extensor Brevis Carpi Radialis: Technique Description and Case Series
Authors: Gusmão Filho Niceas da Silva , de Oliveira Ricardo Kaempf 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective To describe a new surgical technique and treatment outcomes of type II scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) lesions by scaphoid distal resection associated to the tenodesis of the remaining proximal pole with the extensor brevis carpi radialis tendon.
Material and Methods This is a retrospective, observational study in which six patients were enrolled and submitted to this original technique, from February 2016 to March 2018. Only those patients with a comprehensive assessment and minimum 6 months postoperative evolution were included. Patient data, such as age, gender, and dominance, along with injury characteristics, previous therapies, complaints, and time span between appearance of the lesion and surgery were all analyzed.
Results Among the six patients assessed, four were male, with ages ranging from 28 and 46 years (mean, 38.1 years). The elapsed time between nonunion diagnosis or scaphoid fracture and definitive treatment ranged from 34 to 72 months, with an average of 48.0 months. The mean follow-up time between the surgery and final results assessment was 15.3 months, ranging from 8 to 22 months. Preoperative measured mean pain was 8.8, ranging from 8 to 10. At 6 months postoperatively, mean pain assessment was 1.5, ranging from 0 to 5. We added wrist flexion and extension to assess joint range of motion. Preoperatively, the mean measure was 76.6°, ranging from 55° to 90°. Postoperatively, the mean was 127.1°, ranging from 110° to 140°. One patient had proximal scaphoid necrosis at 8 months postoperatively as a complication. The patient was treated with proximal carpectomy, with good clinical outcome; however, he did not return to his original job activities. The other five patients did return to their previous labor activities.
Conclusions Treatment of type II SNAC lesions by resection of the distal scaphoid associated to tenodesis of the remaining proximal pole with a portion of the extensor brevis carpi radialis tendon has proved to be a useful, safe technique. Having low morbidity and few complications, the treatment represents a good alternative to previously described techniques.
Media logic in the coverage of election promises: comparative evidence from the Netherlands and the US
Authors: Ergün Erkan , Karsten Niels 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article analyzes the occurrence of media logic in the coverage of election promises in the Netherlands and the US. Whereas studies of media logic commonly focus separate attention on one of its various manifestations, we believe a comprehensive understanding requires a more inclusive approach. In response, we include five aspects of media logic in our study of news coverage: the occurrence of (a) the strategy frame, (b) the game frame, (c) the conflict frame, (d) personalization, and (e) negativity. Our study contributes innovatively to the existing literature by taking an approach that, rather than starting from campaign manifestos, analyzes election promises as they are reported on in newspapers. We take this approach because the media are the primary source of information about election promises for citizens. The results of our study indicate that media logic is ubiquitous in the coverage of election promises, but that media logic does not always behave across different media and political systems in the way the literature predicts. Notably, the results show that, in contrast to our expectations, coverage of election promises is more negative in the Netherlands than in the US.
Krotov method for optimal control of closed quantum systems
Authors: Morzhin O. V. , Pechen A. N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The mathematics of optimal control of quantum systems is of great interest in connection with fundamental problems of physics as well as with existing and prospective applications to quantum technologies. One important problem is the development of methods for constructing controls for quantum systems. One of the commonly used methods is the Krotov method, which was initially proposed outside of quantum control theory in articles by Krotov and Feldman (1978, 1983). This method was used to develop a novel approach to finding optimal controls for quantum systems in [64] (Tannor, Kazakov, and Orlov, 1992), [65] (Somlói, Kazakov, and Tannor, 1993), and in many other works by various scientists. Our survey discusses mathematical aspects of this method for optimal control of closed quantum systems. It outlines various modifications with different forms of the improvement function (for example, linear or linear-quadratic), different constraints on the control spectrum and on the admissible states of the quantum system, different regularisers, and so on. The survey describes applications of the Krotov method to controlling molecular dynamics and Bose–Einstein condensates, and to quantum gate generation. This method is compared with the GRAPE (GRadient Ascent Pulse Engineering) method, the CRAB (Chopped Random-Basis) method, and the Zhu–Rabitz and Maday–Turinici methods.
Bibliography: 158 titles.
Multiple health and environmental impacts of foods
Authors: Clark Michael A , Springmann Marco , Hill Jason , Tilman David 
Published: October 2019

SignificanceDietary choices are a leading global cause of mortality and environmental degradation and threaten the attainability of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Climate Agreement. To inform decision making and to better identify the multifaceted health and environmental impacts of dietary choices, we describe how consuming 15 different food groups is associated with 5 health outcomes and 5 aspects of environmental degradation. We find that foods associated with improved adult health also often have low environmental impacts, indicating that the same dietary transitions that would lower incidences of noncommunicable diseases would also help meet environmental sustainability targets.
Optimal functionalization of a molecular electrocatalyst for hydride transfer
Authors: Xu Shenzhen , Carter Emily A. 
Published: October 2019

SignificanceCatalytic reduction reactions via hydride transfer (HT) are ubiquitous in (photo)electrochemical systems being explored for sustainable production of fuels and chemicals. Optimizing the hydride donor—the key catalytic intermediate—is essential to improving performance. Using a well-vetted density functional theory (DFT)-based solvated embedded cluster model, we find that molecular functionalization could significantly enhance the stability (against protonation) of adsorbed 2-pyridinide, which is the probable hydride donor in heterogeneous CO2reduction to methanol on GaP photoelectrodes. Specifically, the hydride donor’s performance correlates strongly with the electron-withdrawing capability of substituents. Among all those considered, the –CH2–CH2F functional group appears to be the optimal substituent, which is determined by balancing the trade-off between stability enhancement and HT-barrier increase of functionalized hydride donors.
An unbounded approach to microfluidics using the Rayleigh–Plateau instability of viscous threads directly drawn in a bath
Authors: Cai Lingzhi , Marthelot Joel , Brun P.-T. 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Liquid jets break into droplets to minimize their surface area. This interfacial phenomenon is central to many engineering applications, e.g., microfluidics, exploiting the small size and monodispersity of instability-mediated droplets. However, another facet of this hydrodynamical process is usually neglected: droplets formed by an instability are periodically spaced following the most unstable mode of the instability. Here, we harness this inherent periodicity to generate soft materials with spatial order. We “freeze” liquid inclusions in a silicon-based polymer matrix and unravel a pathway to control both the droplets size and position, independently. Using experiments and theory, we provide a physical basis for the development of instability-assisted 3-dimensional printing and show how features much smaller than the nozzle size can be obtained.
Isoglosses and subdivisions of Iranian
Authors: Korn Agnes 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to look at some of the problems with the traditional subdivisions of Iranian and at possible new approaches. It builds on an argument made inKorn (2016a), adding discussion and further illustrating problems in the data and methods involved in the traditional model of relations among the Iranian languages. It specifically points out that the traditional family tree is based on a set of isoglosses that is an artefact of the data that happened to be available at the time. In addition, the question arises whether the wave model or the concept of linguistic areas would be more adequate to account for the data. The discovery of a corpus of Bactrian manuscripts encourages a new approach. I argue that a sub-branch including Bactrian, Parthian and some other languages is a hypothesis that deserves to be tested; at the same time, the comparison with other Iranian languages as well as typological considerations permit to assess the role of language contact.
Parental strategies in argumentative dialogues with their children at mealtimes
Authors: Bova Antonio 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study focuses on parent-child argumentation to identify the argumentative strategies most frequently used by
parents to resolve in their favor the process of negotiation occurring during argumentative dialogues with their children at
mealtime. Findings of the analysis of 132 argumentative dialogues indicate that parents mostly use arguments based on the notions
of quality and quantity in food-related discussions. The parents use other types of arguments such as the appeal to consistency,
the arguments from authority, and the arguments from analogy, in discussions related to the teaching of correct behaviors in
social situations within and outside the family context. The results of this study show how parents and children contribute to
co-constructing the dialogic process of negotiating their divergent opinions.
The polyphonic pastor
Authors: Kraut Joshua 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The current study draws on insights from research on reported speech, or more accurately what Tannen (2007) calls “constructed dialogue” to elucidate its role as an argumentative
device as observed in a journalistic interview with a prominent American minister. I explore diverse techniques the minister uses
to marshal a multiplicity of respected voices – an impressive Bakhtinian polyphony – to defend faith. An important contribution of
this study lies in its integration of what Gumperz (1977, 1982) calls
“contextualization cues”, paralinguistic signaling mechanisms (stress, pitch, speech rate, etc.), and constructed dialogue as
phenomena which function together. The study reveals how various contextualization cues embedded within constructed dialogue
contribute to framing knowledge claims as reliable.
The Dialogic Turn in Language Study
Authors: Săftoiu Răzvan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Over the past hundred years, linguistic schools have put forward and adopted either divergent or convergent
positions regarding what language consists of. In this paper, I shall examine the dialogic turn in language study (i.e. language
use is dialogic use, any action is dialogically directed either initiatively or reactively) so that readers can get an insight
into the complexity of human communication. After the overview, I shall focus on some integrated components derived from the
complex whole of dialogic action such as teaching, culture, business, courtroom interaction with a view to identifying the
advantages of embracing dialogical theories of language and meaning.
Cardio-respiratory signal extraction from video camera data for continuous non-contact vital sign monitoring using deep learning
Authors: Chaichulee Sitthichok , Villarroel Mauricio , Jorge João , Arteta Carlos , McCormick Kenny , Zisserman Andrew , Tarassenko Lionel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Non-contact vital sign monitoring enables the estimation of vital signs, such as heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2), by measuring subtle color changes on the skin surface using a video camera. For patients in a hospital ward, the main challenges in the development of continuous and robust non-contact monitoring techniques are the identification of time periods and the segmentation of skin regions of interest (ROIs) from which vital signs can be estimated. We propose a deep learning framework to tackle these challenges. Approach: This paper presents two convolutional neural network (CNN) models. The first network was designed for detecting the presence of a patient and segmenting the patient’s skin area. The second network combined the output from the first network with optical flow for identifying time periods of clinical intervention so that these periods can be excluded from the estimation of vital signs. Both networks were trained using video recordings from a clinical study involving 15 pre-term infants conducted in the high dependency area of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, UK. Main results: Our proposed methods achieved an accuracy of 98.8% for patient detection, a mean intersection-over-union (IOU) score of 88.6% for skin segmentation and an accuracy of 94.5% for clinical intervention detection using two-fold cross validation. Our deep learning models produced accurate results and were robust to different skin tones, changes in light conditions, pose variations and different clinical interventions by medical staff and family visitors. Significance: Our approach allows cardio-respiratory signals to be continuously derived from the patient’s skin during which the patient is present and no clinical intervention is undertaken.
Multi-diagnostic analysis of plasma filaments in the island divertor
Authors: Zoletnik S , Anda G , Biedermann C , Carralero A D , Cseh G , Dunai D , Killer C , Kocsis G , Krämer-Flecken A , Otte M , Shanahan B , Szepesi T , Vecsei M , Zsuga L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Filaments or blobs are well known structures in turbulence in magnetic fusion devices, they are considered to be the major cross-transport channel in the scrape off layer. They originate at the last closed magnetic flux surface and propagate out on the low field side of toroidal devices due to polarization in the curved magnetic field. The Wendelstein 7-X stellarator has a complex three-dimensional magnetic field structure and additionally the plasma is bounded by a chain of magnetic islands, forming an island divertor. After the first observation of filaments in Wendelstein 7-X with video cameras a multi-diagnostic study is presented in this paper to reveal their 3D structure and dynamics. Filaments are seen to be born at the edge and, at least in some cases, seen to extend to up to 4 toroidal turns. After moving radially out a few cm they enter the edge island. Here they disappear from the equatorial plane and about 200 microseconds later reappear on the outboard side of the island. A long-wavelength (∼20–30 cm) quasi coherent mode is observed in both regions where filaments appear. The similarities and differences between the filaments seen in W7-X and other devices are discussed. Possible explanations for this strange radial propagation are considered, together with the likely role of filaments in the edge and island density profile.
Mechanism of HF condensive complex plasma modification of polyurethane membrane coatings in the air environment
Authors: Vishnevskaya O V , Voznesensky E F , Ibragimov R G , Vishnevsky V V , Kharapudko Yu V , Vishnevsky V V , Sysoev V A , Tihonova N V 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The mechanism of the high frequency condensive complex plasma modification of polyurethane membrane coatings in air is investigated. The study revealed that after plasma modification in air, oxidation and hydrolysis of polyurethane membrane coatings occurs, which is expressed in an increase in the intensity of absorption bands corresponding to primary OH groups in the range of wave numbers 1005–1070 cm−1, 1310 cm−1 and 1420 cm−1, as well as in partial destruction of polyurethane chains with the formation of urea groups, which corresponds to the vibrations of CO-groups in the range of wave numbers 1590–1690 cm−1.
Application of cold plasma for bioactivation of sowing material
Authors: Gabdrakhmanov Az T , Israphilov I H , Shafigullin L N , Gabdrakhmanova T F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An innovative installation for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of various crops with cold plasma, it allows to increase their germination, resistance of plants to external stresses, productivity and ecological value of the product were proposed in this paper.
The composition of alpha case of the titanium casting obtained in a ceramic mold based on MgO
Authors: Yu Petrov E , Lyakhovich A M , Kashapov N F , Lomaeva S F , Mistahov R I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method has been used to study the alpha case formed on the surface of a titanium alloy during its casting into ceramic molds, based on a mixture of oxides of magnesium, silicon, calcium, and water glass, as a binder. It is established that the alpha case consists of mold metal oxides, titanium oxides and complex intermetallic compounds based on titanium and mold elements.
Influence of different processes of the electron emission on the ultrahigh charging of a dust particle in plasma by the energetic e-beam.
Authors: Akishev Yu S , Balakirev A A , Karalnik V B , Petryakov A V , Trushkin N I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Results of numerical modeling of dynamics of ultrahigh charging of the dust particle surrounded with plasma and irradiated by an electron beam with high electron energy are given in the presented work. The e-beam was created by the pulsed open discharge in strongly overvoltage regime.The maximum negative charge accumulated on the irradiated particle is defined by the intensity of processes of charging and discharging of a target. In general, the process of charging is defined by e-beam parameters (its energy and the current density) while the discharging of a target depends on many processes, such as delivery of positive ions from the plasma onto a negatively charged target and also an emission of electrons from a target surface. In its turn, the electron emission from a surface is caused by the various processes including kinetic emission of electrons due to impact of the target by fast ions, secondary electron emission by e-beam, thermo-emission and auto-emission of electrons in case of strong heating of a particle and emergence of the strong electric field on a surface of the highly charged target. The ultrahigh charging of the dust particle irradiated by an e-beam with the energy of 25 keV was modeled. Results of numerical calculations about influence of the listed above discharging processes of a target on its maximum negative charge and potential have shown that the greatest contribution to the target discharging process belongs to the kinetic electron emission caused by fast positive ions.
Verification of two averaged models of three-phase filtration in inhomogeneous layers of oil reservoirs, obeying uniform distribution
Authors: Plokhotnikov S P , Bogomolov V A , Salimyanov I T , Ya Al Jabri A , Kamal A R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper studies the possibility of using two averaged models, including models with modified relative phase permeabilities for solving filtration problems. Furthermore, a method of averaging the relative phase permeabilities for the three-phase filtration problem was created. The problem of three-phase isothermal displacement of oil and gas with water was solved during areal flooding in a stratified reservoir. Five-point and nine-point waterflood systems were considered. In addition, a comparative analysis of the calculation results based on three-dimensional and two-dimensional three-phase filtration models is performed.
Register impurities in the plasma forming gas helium in a large volume reactor using plasma electron spectroscopy method
Authors: Saifutdinov A I , Sysoev S S , Kudryavtsev A A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The results of this article show the possibility of determining the qualitative composition of impurities in buffer helium in a high-volume vacuum reactor by initiating a short glow in a small (non-working) part of this volume and using the PLES method.
Some of radiation regularities of the hydrogen in the gas discharge with water-solution cathode
Authors: Tazmeev K K , Tazmeev A K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The radiation of hydrogen in gas discharge, which ignited between a liquid electrolyte and copper electrode in the current range of 1–15 A was studied. As the liquid electrolyte, solutions of sodium chloride in distilled water with concentrations in the range of 2-10 g/l were used. Spectral studies were carried out in the visible region of radiation.
Development features of the plasma flow in the gas discharge with the liquid electrolyte cathode
Authors: Tazmeeva R N , Tazmeev B K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The plasma flows in the form of a flat vertical wall were obtained and investigated. The discharge was ignited in an open air atmosphere in the range of currents of 2-15 A. The possibility of forming the plasma flow with parameters acceptable for energy-intensive technologies is shown.
Modification of surface of textile materials with silver nanoparticles in the radio-frequency induction plasma discharge of low pressure
Authors: Timoshina Y A , Voznesensky E F , Tskhay E S , Sysoev V A , Krasina I V , Kulevtsov G N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The results of experimental researches on the modification of knitted polyester materials with a solution of silver nanoparticles using radio-frequency induction plasma treatment are presented. The uniformity of application of the antibacterial preparation on the surface of textiles, as well as the effectiveness of fixing silver nanoparticles in the surface layer of the material were investigated.