bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External validation and clinical utility of prognostic prediction models for gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Meertens Linda J. E. , Scheepers Hubertina C. J. , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Roeleveld Nel , Aardenburg Robert , van Dooren Ivo M. A. , Langenveld Josje , Zwaan Iris M. , Spaanderman Marc E. A. , van Gelder Marleen M. H. J. , Smits Luc J. M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe performed an independent validation study of all published first trimester prediction models, containing non‐invasive predictors, for the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the clinical potential of the best performing models was evaluated.Material and methodsSystemically selected prediction models from the literature were validated in a Dutch prospective cohort using data from Expect Study I and PRIDE Study. The predictive performance of the models was evaluated by discrimination and calibration. Clinical utility was assessed using decision curve analysis. Screening performance measures were calculated at different risk thresholds for the best model and compared with current selective screening strategies.ResultsThe validation cohort included 5260 women. Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 127 women (2.4%). The discriminative performance of the 12 included models ranged from 68% to 75%. Nearly all models overestimated the risk. After recalibration, agreement between the observed outcomes and predicted probabilities improved for most models.ConclusionsThe best performing prediction models showed acceptable performance measures and may enable more personalized medicine‐based antenatal care for women at risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus compared with current applied strategies.
Randomised oral stimulation and exclusive breastfeeding duration in healthy premature infants
Authors: Skaaning Diana , Carlsen Emma , Brødsgaard Anne , Kyhnæb Anne , Pedersen Maj , Ravn Stine , Pryds Ole , Kronborg Hanne 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimAlthough exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for all newborn in the first 6 months of life, only 13% of Danish premature infants complies with this. This trial aimed to examine whether oral stimulation prolonged exclusive breastfeeding in premature infants.MethodA randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark between 2016 and 2018. Systematic oral stimulation was performed by the parents after training by occupational therapists. Primary outcome was exclusive breastfeeding duration with 6 months' follow‐up, analysed by intention‐to‐treat.ResultsIncluded were 211 infants (53% boys) with a mean gestational age of 231 days, allocated in ratio 1:1 to oral stimulation or standard care. There was no difference in exclusive breastfeeding duration between infants orally stimulated and control infants. Thus, for orally stimulated infants, median duration was 122 days (interquartile range 40‐183) in contrast to 154 days (interquartile range 61‐183) for the controls, P value .16. At 6 months of age, 27% of orally stimulated infants were exclusively breastfed compared with 25% of controls.ConclusionIn healthy premature infants, oral stimulation performed by parents has no long‐lasting effect on breastfeeding duration. Attention should be directed to parental education and involvement.
Aberrant sinus node firing during β‐adrenergic stimulation leads to cardiac arrhythmias in diabetic mice
Authors: Lubberding Anniek F. , Pereira Laetitia , Xue Jianbin , Gottlieb Lisa A. , Matchkov Vladimir V. , Gomez Ana M. , Thomsen Morten B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimCardiovascular complications, including cardiac arrhythmias, result in high morbidity and mortality in patients with type‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Clinical and experimental data suggest electrophysiological impairment of the natural pacemaker of the diabetic heart. The present study examined sinoatrial node (SAN) arrhythmias in a mouse model of T2DM and physiologically probed their underlying cause.MethodsElectrocardiograms were obtained from conscious diabetic db/db and lean control db/+ mice. In vivo SAN function was probed through pharmacological autonomic modulation with isoprenaline, atropine and carbachol. Blood pressure stability and heart rate variability (HRV) were evaluated. Intrinsic SAN function was evaluated through ex vivo imaging of spontaneous Ca2+ transients in isolated SAN preparations.ResultsWhile lean control mice showed constant RR intervals during isoprenaline challenge, the diabetic mice experienced SAN arrhythmias with large RR fluctuations in a dose‐dependent manner. These arrhythmias were completely abolished by atropine pre‐treatment, while carbachol pretreatment significantly increased SAN arrhythmia frequency in the diabetic mice. Blood pressure and HRV were comparable in db/db and db/+ mice, suggesting that neither augmented baroreceptor feedback nor autonomic neuropathy is a likely arrhythmia mechanism. Cycle length response to isoprenaline was comparable in isolated SAN preparations from db/db and db/+ mice; however, Ca2+ spark frequency was significantly increased in db/db mice compared to db/+ at baseline and after isoprenaline.ConclusionOur results demonstrate a dysfunction of cardiac pacemaking in an animal model of T2DM upon challenge with a β‐adrenergic agonist. Ex vivo, higher Ca2+ spark frequency is present in diabetic mice, which may be directly linked to in vivo arrhythmias.
Lung mechanical properties distinguish children with asthma with normal and diminished lung function
Authors: Comberiati Pasquale , Spahn Joseph D. , Paull Keith , Faino Anna , Cherniack Reuben , Covar Ronina A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren with asthma, even those with severe persistent disease, can have forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) values ≥100% of predicted, while others have diminished FEV1.ObjectiveWe sought to characterize the lung mechanical properties underlying these two asthma phenotypes and the mechanisms explaining the paradox of severe asthmatic children, whom when clinically stable can have an FEV1 >100% of predicted, but during an acute bronchospastic episode can experience a life‐threatening asthma event.MethodsLung mechanics were evaluated in three groups of children: asthmatics with FEV1 ≥100% (HFEV1; n = 13), asthmatics with FEV1 ≤80% (LFEV1; n = 14) and non‐asthmatic controls (n = 10). A linear mixed model was used to examine the relationship between volume and static transpulmonary pressures obtained at total lung capacity (TLC); actual TLC %of predicted and flow; and static transpulmonary pressure and flow.ResultsHFEV1 asthmatics had larger airways (FEV1 z‐scores 1.12 vs −2.37; P < .05), greater lung volumes (mean % of predicted TLC 134.8% vs 109.6%; P < .05) and lower airway resistance (mean %of predicted Raw 101.9% vs 199.9%; P < .05) compared to the LFEV1 group. Moreover, HFEV1 asthmatics had significantly reduced elastic recoil pressure (pressure‐volume curve shifted upward and to the left) and higher lung compliance (0.21 vs 00.9 L/cm H2O; P < .05) compared to the LFEV1 group. The pressure‐flow curves revealed the LFEV1 group to have significantly increased resistance to flow in the upstream segment of the airways at all lung volumes studied compared to HFEV1.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceHFEV1 asthmatic children display distinct lung mechanical proprieties compared to their LFEV1 asthmatic peers. With loss of elastic recoil pressure, the HFEV1 group could generate normal FEV1 due to proportionally enlarged airways and reduced airway resistance, while airflow limitation in the LFEV1 is due to increased airway resistance. Loss of elastic recoil and interdependence during acute bronchoconstriction episodes may predispose the HFEV1 group to catastrophic reductions in airflow.
Correlation between glucose metabolism and serum steroid hormones in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Li Xuelin , Zhang Tianyue , Li Shengxian , Deng Yuying , Wang Lihua , Tao Tao , Wang Shujie , Gu Yanyun , Gu Weiqiong , Hong Jie , Liu Wei , Wang Weiqing , Zhang Yifei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivePolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased prevalence of dysglycaemia, which includes impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with PCOS demonstrate abnormal patterns of steroid hormones. Here, we analyse the correlation between glucose metabolism and serum steroid hormones in PCOS.DesignObservational double‐centre study.Patients914 patients with PCOS.MeasurementsWe assessed the glucose metabolism status of all patients according to the 1999 WHO criteria. Serum steroid hormones were measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 26 years (interquartile range: 21‐30), and 40.6% (371/914) had abnormal glucose metabolism: 29.3% (268/914) had prediabetes, and 11.3% (103/914) had T2DM. Correlation analysis not adjusting for confounding factors revealed that serum aldosterone, androstenedione, oestrone, pregnenolone and the free androgen index were positively correlated, while progesterone was negatively correlated with the risk of abnormal glucose metabolism. After adjusting for age, body mass index and fasting insulin levels in the logistic regression model, only aldosterone (P = .013), androstenedione (P = .046) and oestrone (P = .014; in quartiles) were correlated with the risk of abnormal glucose metabolism.ConclusionsThis study indicates a high prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM in patients with PCOS. Furthermore, there were positive correlations of serum aldosterone, androstenedione and oestrone with the risk of abnormal glucose metabolism after adjusting for confounding factors.
Evolutionary relationships of the ancient fern lineage the adder's tongues (Ophioglossaceae) with description of Sahashia gen. nov
Authors: Zhang Liang , Fan Xue‐Ping , Petchsri Sahanat , Zhou Lin , Pollawatn Rossarin , Zhang Xin , Zhou Xin‐Mao , Thi Lu Ngan , Knapp Ralf , Chantanaorrapint Sahut , Limpanasittichai Ponpipat , Sun Hang , Gao Xin‐Fen , Zhang Li‐Bing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs an ancient lineage of ferns, Ophioglossaceae are evolutionarily among the most fascinating because they have the highest chromosome count of any known organism as well as the presence of sporophores, subterranean gametophytes, eusporangiate sporangia without annuli, and endophytic fungi. Previous studies have produced conflicting results, identifyingsome lineages with unresolved relationships, and have paid much attention to the subfamily Botrychioideae. But the other species‐rich subfamily, Ophioglossoideae, has remained largely understudied and only up to 12 accessions of Ophioglossoideae have been sampled. In this study, DNA sequences of seven plastid markers of 149 accessions (75 in Ophioglossoideae) representing approximately 82 species (approximately 74% of estimated species diversity sensu J. Syst. Evol., 2016, 54, 563) in the family, and two Marattiaceae and two Psilotaceae, are used to infer a phylogeny. Our major results include: (1) Ophioglossaceae are resolved as monophyletic with strong support, and so are all four subfamilies and genera sensu PPG I except Botrypus and Ophioglossum; (2) a new genus Sahashia is segregated from Botrypus so that the monophyly of Botrypus can be retained; (3) the monophyly of Ophioglossum in its current circumscription is uncertain in spite of our large character sampling; (4) there is substantial cryptic speciation in Ophioderma detected by our molecular and morphological study; (5) the recognition of Holubiella is advocated based on its morphology and its sister relationship with Sceptridium; and (6) a novel sister relationship between Botrychium and the JHS clade (Japanobotrychium + (Holubiella + Sceptridium)) is discovered.
Titanium implant surface properties enhance osseointegration in ovariectomy induced osteoporotic rats without pharmacologic intervention
Authors: Lotz Ethan M. , Cohen David J. , Schwartz Zvi , Boyan Barbara D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study determined whether implant surfaces that promote osseointegration in normal rats can promote osseointegration in osteoporotic rats without pharmacologic intervention.Materials and MethodsVirgin female 8‐month‐old CD Sprague Dawley rats (N = 25) were ovariectomized. At 6 weeks, microstructured/non‐nanostructured/hydrophobic, microstructured/nanostructured/hydrophobic, or microstructured/nanostructured/hydrophilic Ti implants (Ø2.5 × 3.5 mm; Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) were placed in the distal metaphysis of each femur. At 28 days, bone quality and implant osseointegration were assessed using microCT, histomorphometrics, and removal torque values (RTVs). Calvarial osteoblasts were isolated and cultured for 7 days on Ø15 mm Ti disks processed to exhibit similar surface characteristics as the implants used for the in vivo studies. The phenotype was assessed by measuring the production of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, BMP2, VEGF, and RANKL.ResultsMicrostructured/nanostructured/hydrophilic implants promoted increased bone‐to‐implant contact and RTVs in vivo and increased osteoblastic marker production in vitro compared to microstructured/non‐nanostructured/hydrophobic and microstructured/nanostructured/hydrophobic implants, suggesting that osseointegration occurs in osteoporotic animals, and implant surface properties improve its rate.ConclusionsAlthough all modified implants were able to osseointegrate in rats with OVX‐induced osteoporosis without pharmacologic intervention, the degree of osseointegration was greater around microstructured/nanostructured/hydrophilic implant surfaces. These results suggest that when appropriate microstructure is present, hydrophilicity has a greater influence on Ti implant osseointegration compared to nanostructures. Moreover, modified implant surfaces can exert their control over the altered bone turnover observed in osteoporotic patients to stimulate functional osseointegration. These results provide critical insight for developing implants with improved osseointegration in patients with metabolic disorders of bone remodeling.
Ethical considerations when conservation research involves people
Authors: Brittain Stephanie , Ibbett Harriet , de Lange Emiel , Dorward Leejiah , Hoyte Simon , Marino Agnese , Milner‐Gulland E. J. , Newth Julia , Rakotonarivo Sarobidy , Veríssimo Diogo , Lewis Jerome 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSocial science is becoming increasingly important in conservation, with more studies involving methodologies that collect data from and about people. Conservation science is a normative and applied discipline designed to support and inform management and practice. Poor research practice risks harming participants and, researchers, and can leave negative legacies. Often, those at the forefront of field‐based research are early‐career researchers, many of whom enter their first research experience ill‐prepared for the ethical conundrums they may face. We draw on our own experiences as early‐career researchers to illuminate how ethical challenges arise during conservation research that involves human participants. Specifically, we considered ethical review procedures, conflicts of values, and power relations, and devised broad recommendations on how to navigate ethical challenges when they arise during research. In particular, we recommend researchers apply reflexivity (i.e., thinking that allows researchers to recognize the effect researchers have on the research) to help navigate ethical challenges and encourage greater engagement with ethical review processes and the development of ethical guidelines for conservation research that involves human participants. Such guidelines must be accompanied by the integration of rigorous ethical training into conservation education. We believe our experiences are not uncommon and can be avoided and hope to spark discussion to contribute to a more socially just conservation.
Associations between gastric histopathology and the occurrence of colonic polyps
Authors: Sonnenberg A. , Turner K. O. , Genta R. M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimCompromise of the gastric acid barrier may facilitate bacterial invasion of the lower intestinal tract and promote the development of colonic neoplasia. Our study aimed to test the associations between histopathological abnormalities of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract in patients undergoing bidirectional endoscopy.MethodThe Inform Diagnostics database is a national electronic repository of histopathological records of patients distributed throughout the USA. A case–control study of 302 061 patients, 163 168 of whom had colonic polyps, evaluated whether the occurrence of colonic polyps was influenced by the presence of the following gastro‐oesophageal diagnoses: gastric Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric intestinal metaplasia, fundic gland polyps and gastric hyperplastic polyps. The influence of individual diagnoses on the occurrence of colonic polyps was expressed as odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe odds ratio for tubular adenomas being associated with gastric H. pylori was 1.53 (1.49–1.58), with intestinal metaplasia 1.65 (1.59–1.71), with fundic gland polyps 1.49 (1.45–1.54) and with gastric hyperplastic polyps 1.85 (1.75–1.96). The odds ratio for sessile serrated polyps being associated with gastric H. pylori was 1.03 (0.96–1.10), with intestinal metaplasia 1.21 (1.13–1.30), with fundic gland polyps 1.79 (1.69–1.89) and with gastric hyperplastic polyps 1.52 (1.35–1.71.ConclusionA diminished gastric acid barrier function, which occurs in various upper gastrointestinal diseases associated with lowered gastric acid output, may promote the development of colonic neoplasia.
Barriers to Social Inclusion with the Egyptian Museums; New Approach Towards Disability
Authors: Zakaria Nevine Nizar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEach person in Egypt, including the 15 million with disabilities and more than 3.5 million who are 65 and older, – have the right to access museums without barriers. Egyption law, requires accommodations for each disabled person so they have equal opportunity to participate in the cultural life of the community. Unfortunately, Egypt's museums have not prioritized accessibility, despite the legislation that establishes these rights of access. This forum identifies the source of the problem as a problem of public discourse and political will rather than the legal principles that have laid the foundations for universal design in western cultures. The author proposes a new strategic vision for Egypt's museums to work within their enabling legislation to interpret state policy in ways that can accelerate inclusive practices. This strategy acknowledges that the Egyptian context where accommodation has focused on a medical model, and acknowledges that the cultural challenges with implementation of a social model requires a shift in thinking that is already been achieved in other nations. Moreover, by working within their governing systems, the author suggests that the museum can lead a shift in public discourse toward removing environmental barriers in ways that benefit all people in Egypt rather than the medical model that promotes prejudice and victimhood of those who require accommodation.
“I don't know but I know who to ask”: 12‐month‐olds actively seek information from knowledgeable adults
Authors: Bazhydai Marina , Westermann Gert , Parise Eugenio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractActive social communication is an effective way for infants to learn about the world. Do pre‐verbal and pre‐pointing infants seek epistemic information from their social partners when motivated to obtain information they cannot discover independently? The present study investigated whether 12‐month‐olds (N = 30) selectively seek information from knowledgeable adults in situations of referential uncertainty. In a live experiment, infants were introduced to two unfamiliar adults, an Informant (reliably labeling objects) and a Non‐Informant (equally socially engaging, but ignorant about object labels). At test, infants were asked to make an impossible choice—locate a novel referent among two novel objects. When facing epistemic uncertainty—but not at other phases of the procedure—infants selectively referred to the Informant rather than the Non‐Informant. These results show that pre‐verbal infants use social referencing to actively and selectively seek information from social partners as part of their interrogative communicative toolkit. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/23dLPsa-fAY
Evaluation of the size of cardiac structures in patients with high body mass index
Authors: Carnevalini Mariana , Deschle Héctor , Amenabar Agustina , Casso Norberto , Gantesti Jessica , Alfie Laura , Torres Bianqui Carolina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsIsometric indexation of cardiac structures fails in patients with overweight. The aim of the study was to evaluate the LA indexed volume (LAVOL), left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and the aortic sinus diameter (AOSD) in healthy subjects with normal and high BMI and find the allometric correction exponent.MethodsFour hundred and thirty patients without cardiac pathology were analyzed. Patients were divided into groups: Group I BMI < 24.9 187 patients, Group II BMI 25‐29.9 154 patients, Group III BMI 30‐34.9 63 patients, and Group IV 35‐39.9 26 patients. A Doppler echocardiogram was performed. The parameters indexed were compared between groups. When allometric growth was verified, the allometric coefficient was calculated.ResultsMale sex 242 p (56%), mean age: 44.87 ± 13.10 years, better correlation: LAVOL, LV mass, and AOSD with body surface area (BSA) (LAVOL R: .74, R2 .55, LV mass R: .73, R2: 0.53, AOSD R: .57, R2: .35), LVEDD with high (R: .63, R2: .39) were observed. A significant increase was observed in LAVOL and LVMI in the groups with increased BMI. We observed a decrease in the indexed AOSD and a marginal difference between groups in LVEDD. The allometric correction exponent calculated was as follows: LAVOL: 0.96 and for LVMI: 0.97.ConclusionsAllometric correction is superior to isometric indexation to assess LAVOL and LVMI in obese and overweight patients. Allometric correction would allow differentiating deviations from VOLAI and IMVI attributable to obesity from those attributable to an associated pathology.