bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of a new dietary index assessing nutrient security by aggregating probabilistic estimates of the risk of nutrient deficiency in two French adult populations
Authors: Salomé Marion , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Fouillet Hélène , Touvier Mathilde , Hercberg Serge , Huneau Jean-François , Mariotti François 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough micronutrient deficiencies affect 2 billion people worldwide, no index focuses on measuring the risk of overt nutrient deficiency. We aimed to develop an index that could capture the nutrient dimension of nutritional security, a nutrient security index (named SecDiet), and evaluate its apparent validity. The SecDiet (range: 0–1) is based on the square-weighted average of the probabilities that the intake of twelve critical nutrients exceeds the threshold value associated with a risk of overt deficiency. Using adult populations from a French representative survey (INCA3, n 1774) and a large cohort (NutriNet-Santé, n 104 382), the content and construct validity of the SecDiet was evaluated by estimating associations of the SecDiet with its components and with relevant socio-demographic characteristics. The SecDiet was high in the overall population (0·93 (SD 0·09) in INCA3) and markedly skewed towards 1 (i.e. lower risk of insufficient intake). It correlated positively with its twelve components (r 0·17–0·78, all P < 0·001). The SecDiet was associated with monthly income (P = 0·002), perception of financial situation, professional situation, food insufficiency and security statuses (all P < 0·001) in the INCA3 population and with monthly income, professional situation and level of education (all P < 0·001) in the NutriNet-Santé population. Unlike a broader nutrient-based quality index taken as comparison, the SecDiet mean decreased and the tail of its distribution notably extended downwards in at-risk sub-populations, thus revealing its specific sensitivity. The SecDiet could be used to screen sub-groups or study the determinants of nutrient insecurity in large population surveys.
Does inoculation with native rhizobia enhance nitrogen fixation and yield of cowpea through legume-based intercropping in the northern mountainous areas of Vietnam?
Authors: Nguyen Trung Thanh , Atieno Mary , Herrmann Laetitia , Nakasathien Sutkhet , Sarobol Ed , Wongkaew Arunee , Nguyen Kien Tri , Lesueur Didier 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the Northern mountainous region of Vietnam, cassava–cowpea intercropping system has been widely promoted with support from the local agricultural department. However, cowpea yield is often limited because of a low Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) activity due to its low natural nodulation and lack of available effective Rhizobium products. The aim of this study was to identify the most effective native rhizobia isolate nodulating cowpea with the potential to increase BNF and yield of cowpea. A greenhouse experiment was initially conducted with five treatments: three native rhizobia isolates (CMBP037, CMBP054, and CMBP065); a control (no inoculation and no N application); and N+ (no inoculation, application of N as KNO3). Field inoculations were carried out and the treatments were as follows: a control (no inoculation); CMBP (037+054) – a mixture of strains from Mau Dong; CMBP065 strain from Cat Thinh. CMBP054 and CMBP065 had the highest nodulation in the greenhouse (46.4 and 60.7 nodules plant−1, respectively) and were rated as effective with symbiotic efficiency (SEF) of 54.56 and 55.73%, respectively. In the field, CMBP (037+054) recorded significantly higher nodulation (19.4 nodules plant−1) than the control (11.7 nodules plant−1). CMBP (037+054) also increased cowpea shoot dry weight, shoot N, and yield by 28.6, 4.9, and 10.5%, respectively, compared to the uninoculated control. This effect was slope dependent (statistically significant in moderate and steep slope, not with gentle slope). Besides, the high expansion rate of intercropping with cowpea showed the high adoption level of these agroecological practices by local farmers. This study reveals the potential of native rhizobia inoculation to enhance soil fertility and sustainable agriculture in the Northern mountainous region of Vietnam and proposes enhanced efforts to promote the availability and utilization of effective inoculants for cowpea.
Brood parasitism leads to zero recruitment in the globally endangered Yellow CardinalGubernatrix cristata
Authors: ATENCIO MELINA , REBOREDA JUAN CARLOS , MAHLER BETTINA 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe Yellow CardinalGubernatrix cristatais an ‘Endangered’ passerine from southern South America. For the past three years a management plan for Yellow Cardinals has been implemented in Argentina, in which rescued individuals from the illegal cage bird trade were released back into suitable habitats within their population of origin. We studied the reproductive success of a mixed population of released and wild Yellow Cardinals in La Pampa province, Argentina, during the reproductive season of 2019. The population was highly parasitized by the brood parasitic Shiny CowbirdMolothrus bonariensis. The frequency of parasitism was 100% and the intensity of parasitism was 4.5 ± 3.4 (mean ± SD) eggs per parasitized nest (range 1–13). No Yellow Cardinal chicks were recruited in the monitored nests, mainly as a consequence of Shiny Cowbird parasitism. The unusually high rate of parasitism led to a poor outcome of the reintroduction programme and indicates the need to update the conservation actions that have been carried out for the Yellow Cardinal so far. Shiny Cowbird abundance varies within the distribution of Yellow Cardinals, related to habitat modification and farming activities. Thus, further research on habitat suitability and assessment of Shiny Cowbird abundance should be incorporated into future strategies for the conservation of the Yellow Cardinal.
Cycle partitions of regular graphs
Authors: Gruslys Vytautas , Letzter Shoham 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMagnant and Martin conjectured that the vertex set of any d-regular graph G on n vertices can be partitioned into
$n / (d+1)$
paths (there exists a simple construction showing that this bound would be best possible). We prove this conjecture when
$d = \Omega(n)$
, improving a result of Han, who showed that in this range almost all vertices of G can be covered by
$n / (d+1) + 1$
vertex-disjoint paths. In fact our proof gives a partition of V(G) into cycles. We also show that, if
$d = \Omega(n)$
and G is bipartite, then V(G) can be partitioned into n/(2d) paths (this bound is tight for bipartite graphs).
Pregestational BMI and higher offspring’s risk of overweight/obesity in smoker and non-smoker mothers
Authors: Martín-Calvo Nerea , Santiago Neri Susana , Segura Gloria , Fernandez-Lazaro Cesar I , Barbería-Latasa María , Martínez-González Miguel-Ángel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:To assess the association between pregestational BMI and offspring’s risk of overweight/obesity after accounting for the most important confounders, especially maternal smoking habit.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:The Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) study is a prospective cohort of Spanish graduates with more than 22 000 participants nationwide. Recruitment started in 1999, and it is permanently open. Data on diet, lifestyle and clinical diagnoses are collected at baseline and every 2 years.Participants:Women from the SUN cohort who reported at least one pregnancy during follow-up (n 3496) were invited to this study. Among them, 1527 agreed to participate and completed an additional more detailed online questionnaire on their pregnancy history and their offspring’s nutritional status.Results:After excluding 165 children, we analysed data of 2791 participants born to 1485 mothers and observed that each 5 kg/m2 increase in pregestational BMI was associated with a 0·22 (95 % CI 0·15, 0·29) higher z-score in offspring’s BMI and higher risk of overweight/obesity (multivariable-adjusted relative risk (RR) 1·57 (95 % CI 1·39, 1·77)) in childhood or adolescence. Furthermore, we observed stronger association in children born to smoker mothers (RR 1·91; 95 % CI 1·48, 2·46) than from non-smoker mothers (RR 1·51; 95 % CI 1·31, 1·73) (Pfor interaction = 0·02).Conclusions:We found a synergistic interaction between pregestational BMI and maternal smoking habit on offspring’s z-score of the BMI and in their risk of overweight/obesity. Although further research is needed to analyse dose–response relationships, these findings reinforce the importance of promoting healthy lifestyles in pregnant women in order to prevent childhood obesity.
MODELLING HUMAN CARRYING CAPACITY AS A FUNCTION OF FOOD AVAILABILITY
Authors: ZULKARNAEN DINY , RODRIGO MARIANITO R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe assume that human carrying capacity is determined by food availability. We propose three classes of human population dynamical models of logistic type, where the carrying capacity is a function of the food production index. We also employ an integration-based parameter estimation technique to derive explicit formulas for the model parameters. Using actual population and food production index data, numerical simulations of our models suggest that an increase in food availability implies an increase in carrying capacity, but the carrying capacity is “self-limiting” and does not increase indefinitely.
Sedimentary Nutrient Supply in Productive Hot Spots off the West Antarctic Peninsula Revealed by Silicon Isotopes
Authors: Cassarino Lucie , Hendry Katharine R. , Henley Sian F. , MacDonald Ellen , Arndt Sandra , Freitas Felipe S. , Pike Jennifer , Firing Yvonne L. 
Published: December 2020

In this study we evaluate the benthic fluxes of silicic acid along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Silicic acid (DSi) is one of the macronutrients essential in fuelling biological hot spots of diatom‐dominated primary production along the WAP. Here we measure the concentration and stable silicon isotopic composition of DSi in porewater profiles, biogenic silica content (BSi), and diatom abundance from sediment cores collected along the WAP. We couple these measurements with reaction‐transport modeling, to assess the DSi flux and the processes that release this key nutrient from the sediment into the overlying waters. Our results show that the benthic DSi flux is dominated by the diffusive flux, which is estimated to be equivalent to 26.7 ± 2.7 Gmol yr−1 for the WAP continental shelf. The DSi isotope profiles reveal the important impact of sedimentary processes on porewater DSi and suggest that biogenic silica dissolution is the main source of DSi in porewaters and consequently of the benthic fluxes. Our integrated data‐model assessment highlights the impact of surface productivity on sedimentary processes and the dynamic environment of core‐top sediments where dissolution and reverse weathering reactions control DSi exchanges.
Geothermal Convection and Double Diffusion Based on Profiling Floats in the Black Sea
Authors: Stanev E. V. , Chtirkova B. , Peneva E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHere, we revisit the existing concepts of the vertical structure of deep layers in the Black Sea using data from sensors deployed on profiling floats. The deep transition layer (DTL) between 700 and 1,700 m acts as an interface between the baroclinic layer and the largest bottom convective layer (BCL) of the world oceans. On top of DTL are the warm intermediate layer and deep cold intermediate layer. They both showed strong trends in the last 15 years due to warmer climate and intensification of warmer intrusions from Bosporus. A “salinity wave” was detected in 2005–2009 below ∼1,700 m, which evidenced for the first time the penetration of gravity flow from Bosporus down to the bottom. The layering of water masses was explained as resulting from the different distribution of sources of heat and salt, double diffusion, and balances between the geothermal and salinity flows in the BCL.
Auroral Arcs: The Fracture Theory Revisited
Authors: Haerendel Gerhard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe fracture theory for auroral arcs, developed by the author since 1980, compares the decoupling of the magnetic field from the ionosphere by the auroral acceleration region (AAR) with the breaking of a solid rod. In the latter elastic energy stored by the bending is converted into kinetic energy of the stress release motion. Similarly, magnetic energy stored in sheared magnetic fields is temporarily converted into stress release motions and finally transported as Poynting flux into the AAR. The fracture theory has been especially applied to arcs embedded in the convection of the evening auroral oval. The present study subjects the different steps in the fracture process to a critical analysis in the light of new physical insights. This boils down to a revision of the illustrating cartoon used in the earlier publications, without having affecting the quantitative evaluations. The first revision concerns the height extent of the AAR. It must be largely increased. The second revision introduces a nearly 2‐D magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) turbulence into the state of the AAR. This is supported by high‐altitude electric field data and leads to new view of auroral rays. The third revision describes the transition from the AAR to the ionosphere as structured by so‐called potential fingers, which contain substantial fractions of the total field‐parallel potential drop. The most important modification pertains to the average U‐shaped potential of a spontaneously propagating AAR. While the leading edge of the auroral current sheet is structured by stress release motions, the reverse flow in the rear section escapes simple interpretation. It is proposed that this flow is driven by a turbulent transport of reversed momentum from front to rear in response to the incompressibility of the magnetic field in the acceleration region. This leads to a revision of the field‐aligned currents and wavefield in the rear of the arc.
Similarities and Differences in the Rupture Processes of the 1952 and 2003 Tokachi‐Oki Earthquakes
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroaki , Koketsu Kazuki , Miyake Hiroe , Kanamori Hiroo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe investigated the similarities and differences between the rupture processes of the 1952 and 2003 Tokachi‐oki earthquakes (Mw ∼ 8) that occurred 51 years apart in the southernmost region of the Kuril subduction zone. This event pair is rare because seismic waveforms of both events were instrumentally recorded. We performed joint source inversion analyses of both earthquakes to better understand the rupture processes of this earthquake sequence. The dataset for the 1952 earthquake consists of teleseismic and strong motion data which were obtained by digitizing copies of analog seismograms. Two datasets were made for the 2003 earthquake to examine the effect of data limitation and to facilitate a comparison of the inversion results of the two earthquakes. One dataset consists of a large amount of teleseismic, strong motion, and geodetic data. The other dataset is similar to that of the 1952 earthquake. Our results show that the rupture propagation, slip areas, and maximum slip amounts were similar for the 1952 and 2003 earthquakes in the Tokachi‐oki region. However, there are two important differences: the 1952 earthquake was initiated by anMw6.1 subevent in the Tokachi‐oki region, and its rupture extended to the adjacent Akkeshi‐oki region. The similarity in the rupture pattern of the M8‐class earthquake pair suggests the persistence of asperities on the plate interface, while the differences imply a degree of variability in the initiation and termination of the cascading rupture process.
Stochastic Generation of Future Hydroclimate Using Temperature as a Climate Change Covariate
Authors: Kiem Anthony S. , Kuczera George , Kozarovski Pavel , Zhang Lanying , Willgoose Garry 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is now standard practice for water supply agencies to use stochastic models to generate synthetic hydroclimate sequences that preserve the key statistics contained in the observed/instrumental hydroclimate data (usually rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, and streamflow) for use as inputs when determining water security. However, this approach is only adequate for determining current and future water supply risks if nonstationarity in past and future climate is accounted for. In this study, we develop an approach for stochastically generating future seasonal (monthly to annual) hydroclimatic conditions at multiple sites for water supply security assessment that capitalizes on an Australia‐wide relationship between annual average daily maximum temperature and annual rain (and flow). This approach is practical as it (i) avoids the extra time and additional uncertainties introduced by downscaling and bias correction of climate model produced rainfall information and (ii) takes advantage of the fact that climate model projections for temperature change are more realistic than climate model projections for rainfall. The approach is applied to a case study for catchments supplying Sydney, Australia's largest city. Two future scenarios were evaluated, 1 and 2°C warming over the next 50 years. Large reductions in streamflow were simulated, particularly for the 2°C scenario, resulting in major impacts on water security in the absence of any intervention. This is consistent with recent warming since 1990 being associated with more than a 40% decrease in average annual streamflow when compared with the average annual streamflow over the ∼110 years historical record.
Characterizing Physical Properties of Streambed Interface Sediments Using In Situ Complex Electrical Conductivity Measurements
Authors: Wang Chen , Briggs Martin A. , Day‐Lewis Frederick D. , Slater Lee D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStreambed sediment physical properties such as surface area, are difficult to quantify in situ but exert a high‐level control on a wide range of biogeochemical processes and sorption of contaminants. We introduce the use of complex electrical conductivity (CC) methods (also known as spectral‐induced polarization (SIP)) that measure both real and imaginary conductivity to noninvasively and efficiently characterize shallow streambed sediments. We explore the method through synthetic modeling, laboratory, and field measurements to demonstrate the sensitivity of imaginary conductivity to sediment surface area, controlled in part by fine‐grained iron oxides produced by anoxic groundwater discharge. Laboratory measurements verify expected relationships between CC parameters and sediment properties. Synthetic modeling using a 1D analytical model illustrates the influence of water layer depth and conductivity on the field CC measurements made at the streambed‐stream water interface. Specifically, the inverted sediment imaginary conductivity is less impacted by uncertainty in the water layer depth and conductivity relative to the real conductivity and phase shift. Field CC measurements along a landfill‐impacted river reveal discrete streambed zones with enhanced bulk surface area generally corresponding to anoxic groundwater discharge zones with high concentrations of fine‐grained iron oxide precipitates.
Epigenetic biotypes of post-traumatic stress disorder in war-zone exposed veteran and active duty males
Authors: Yang Ruoting , Gautam Aarti , Getnet Derese , Daigle Bernie J. , Miller Stacy , Misganaw Burook , Dean Kelsey R. , Kumar Raina , Muhie Seid , Wang Kai , Lee Inyoul , Abu-Amara Duna , Flory Janine D. ,   The PTSD Systems Biology Consortium, Hoke Allison , Chakraborty Nabarun , Petzold Linda , Wu Gwyneth , Guffanti Guia , Kim Taek-Kyun , Lee Min Young , Bierer Linda , Hood Leroy , Wolkowitz Owen M. , Mellon Synthia H. , Doyle Francis J. , Yehuda Rachel , Marmar Charles R. , Ressler Kerry J. , Hammamieh Rasha , Jett Marti 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heterogeneous condition evidenced by the absence of objective physiological measurements applicable to all who meet the criteria for the disorder as well as divergent responses to treatments. This study capitalized on biological diversity observed within the PTSD group observed following epigenome-wide analysis of a well-characterized Discovery cohort (N = 166) consisting of 83 male combat exposed veterans with PTSD, and 83 combat veterans without PTSD in order to identify patterns that might distinguish subtypes. Computational analysis of DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles identified two PTSD biotypes within the PTSD+ group, G1 and G2, associated with 34 clinical features that are associated with PTSD and PTSD comorbidities. The G2 biotype was associated with an increased PTSD risk and had higher polygenic risk scores and a greater methylation compared to the G1 biotype and healthy controls. The findings were validated at a 3-year follow-up (N = 59) of the same individuals as well as in two independent, veteran cohorts (N = 54 and N = 38), and an active duty cohort (N = 133). In some cases, for example Dopamine-PKA-CREB and GABA-PKC-CREB signaling pathways, the biotypes were oppositely dysregulated, suggesting that the biotypes were not simply a function of a dimensional relationship with symptom severity, but may represent distinct biological risk profiles underpinning PTSD. The identification of two novel distinct epigenetic biotypes for PTSD may have future utility in understanding biological and clinical heterogeneity in PTSD and potential applications in risk assessment for active duty military personnel under non-clinician-administered settings, and improvement of PTSD diagnostic markers.
SLFN11 informs on standard of care and novel treatments in a wide range of cancer models
Authors: Winkler Claudia , Armenia Joshua , Jones Gemma N. , Tobalina Luis , Sale Matthew J. , Petreus Tudor , Baird Tarrion , Serra Violeta , Wang Anderson T. , Lau Alan , Garnett Mathew J. , Jaaks Patricia , Coker Elizabeth A. , Pierce Andrew J. , O’Connor Mark J. , Leo Elisabetta 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) has been linked with response to DNA-damaging agents (DDA) and PARP inhibitors. An in-depth understanding of several aspects of its role as a biomarker in cancer is missing, as is a comprehensive analysis of the clinical significance of SLFN11 as a predictive biomarker to DDA and/or DNA damage-response inhibitor (DDRi) therapies.

Methods
We used a multidisciplinary effort combining specific immunohistochemistry, pharmacology tests, anticancer combination therapies and mechanistic studies to assess SLFN11 as a potential biomarker for stratification of patients treated with several DDA and/or DDRi in the preclinical and clinical setting.

Results
SLFN11 protein associated with both preclinical and patient treatment response to DDA, but not to non-DDA or DDRi therapies, such as WEE1 inhibitor or olaparib in breast cancer. SLFN11-low/absent cancers were identified across different tumour types tested. Combinations of DDA with DDRi targeting the replication-stress response (ATR, CHK1 and WEE1) could re-sensitise SLFN11-absent/low cancer models to the DDA treatment and were effective in upper gastrointestinal and genitourinary malignancies.

Conclusion
SLFN11 informs on the standard of care chemotherapy based on DDA and the effect of selected combinations with ATR, WEE1 or CHK1 inhibitor in a wide range of cancer types and models.