bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline-nickel chloride composites
Authors: Prasher Sangeeta , Kumar Mukesh , Kaur Updesh , Tyagi Sachin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
NiCl2/polyaniline composites with varying NiCl2 concentration have been synthesized and characterized for structural and optical modifications in polyaniline with the addition of NiCl2, and to explore the effect of addition of NiCl2 on the electrical properties of polyaniline. FTIR spectral peaks attributed to various entities present in polyaniline have been shifted towards longer wavelengths with the addition of NiCl2. The d-spacing for the two x-ray diffraction peaks at 20.30° and 26.22° has been determined by using the Bragg’s relation and found to decrease with the addition of NiCl2. The SEM images of the composites indicate the uniform dispersal of the salt in the polymeric conformation. The band edge of UV-VIS spectra of the composites has been found to blue shift indicating increase in the band gaps with the increased NiCl2 concentration except for a concentration of 5%. The capacitance has been found to decrease with increase in frequency and the increase in the NiCl2 content. The resistance has been found to increase with the addition of NiCl2 thus establishing a positive correlation between the optical band gap and variations of resistance with the addition of NiCl2 to the polyaniline.
Synthesis of biotin caped Mn2+ activated ZnS quantum dots with their structural stability and modulation of opto-electronic properties
Authors: Goel Anshika , Keshari Ashish K , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Mn2+ activated ZnS (ZnS:Mn2+) nanoparticles biotin matrix have been synthesized by chemical co-precipitation route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed single phase zinc blend structure with crystallite sizes ranging from 1.5 to 1.9 nm. The small particle sizes are believed to have single domain crystallites because of quantum confinement of particles in the biotin matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows smooth and polygon shape potato like morphology having cluster size varying from 77μm to 182μm. Optical measurement shows the band gap of 3.85 eV which has been blue shifted and is accredit to the quantum size effect. The particle size estimated for this gap is to be 2.03 nm and is good agreement with sizes obtained from XRD. The luminescence feature of the as synthesized sample was also reported. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra shows two wide peaks centred at 408 nm and 520 nm respectively. The first emission at 408 nm with short time is attributed to the defects of ZnS while another peak at 520 nm attributed in green emission due to the elemental sulphur species on the surface of zinc sulphide. The both emissions are blue shifted and are attributed to the small particle sizes. The well known manganese related orange-red emission peak cantered at 590 nm has not been observed and is completely quenched that confirmed that the Mn2+ ions have been allocated outside the ZnS crystals. A new emission at 338 nm appears to have radiative transitions from the defect level to the acceptor levels. Thus, by using suitable activator and capping molecule, we are able to stabilize the growth of nanoparticles at room temperature, thereby enhance the structural and opto-electronic properties.
Synthesis and Ultrasonic Investigation of Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosuspension with Water
Authors: Jain Alok , Kaur Parminder , Juglan K.C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Synthesis of Graphene Oxide (GO) was done using Original Hummer’s Method. The prepared GO specimen was reduced further with Hydrazine monohydrate to create Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO). RGO were evaluated using characterization techniques such as FESEM, EDS, FTIR, XRD, and Raman. These techniques help to confirm the production of GO and conversion of GO into RGO. Suspension of RGO in double-distilled Water with different concentrations was produced using ultrasonication for 24 hours. This suspension was further tested with the help of the UV-Vis technique to confirm the presence of RGO in the suspension. DLS was done to confirm the nano dimensions of RGO particles in the water solution. Ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity were measured for all prepared nanosuspensions. The acoustical parameter such as adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular length, and acoustical impedance was calculated from experimental data.
Third Harmonic Generation of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian laser Beam
Authors: Sharma Vinay , Thakur Vishal , Kant Niti 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn present study we have investigated the third harmonic generation (THG) of self-focused Hermite-cosh-Gaussian (HchG) laser beam, propagating through plasma. When intense short pulse laser propagates through plasma results ponderomotive force on electrons due to which electrons move away from the axial region, creating a low density plasma region. Due to electrostatic force, electrons gain oscillatory velocity and results density perturbation. Density oscillations at frequency 2ω1couple with oscillatory velocity of electrons, at the fundamental frequency of incident laser result THG. Due to phase mismatch with the incident pulse, the third harmonic pulse is of smaller amplitude. Wiggler field satisfy the resonance condition by providing additional momentum to the photon of third harmonic pulse and this result increase in the normalized amplitude of third harmonic pulse. In the present study the study of beam width parameter with normalized propagation distance at optimum values of different laser parameters has been studied. We derived the coupled differential equation for the normalized amplitude,A'30/A10, of third harmonic pulse. We analysed the efficiency of third harmonic pulse withξat optimum values of normalized intensity of fundamental laser.
FP-LAPW calculations on electronic and thermoelectric properties of Mn2CoCr Heusler compound
Authors: Srivastava Vipul , Kaur Navdeep , Dar Sajad A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Heusler compounds have been remarkable among the materials due to their fascinating properties. These materials are also important in terms of applications in thermoelectric device formation. The Mn2CoCr is one of the Heusler compounds investigated in reference to its band structure and thermo-electric properties by using density functional theory. Mn2CoCr crystallizes in Fm-3m (space group 225) phase and ferromagnetically stable under ambient conditions. We have calculated its bulk modulus, first order pressure derivative of bulk modulus, band structure, density of states, Seebeck coefficient and power factor.
Determination of terrestrial radionuclides and related radiological risks in the soils from Pangi Valley of Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumari Punam , Kumar Gulshan , Prasher Sangeeta , Kumar Mukesh , Mehra Rohit , Kaur Sarabjot 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The present study has been aimed to analyze the concentration activities of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil samples collected from Pangi valley, Himachal Pradesh by means of gamma spectrometry with NaI(TI) detector and has been found to vary between 39.61 to 79.72 Bqkg−1 with average of 57.66 Bqkg−1, 32.8 to 66.57 Bqkg−1 with average of 49.69 Bqkg−1 and 495.62 to 653.85 Bqkg−1 with average of 579.41 Bqkg−1, respectively. Radium equivalent activity in these samples has also been determined and observed lower than the maximum permissible value 370 Bqkg−1, acceptable for the safe use. The average absorbed dose rate in air at 1 m height from the ground level has been found 81.43 nGyh−1, while the average outdoor and indoor annual effective dose rate has been calculated as 0.099 and 0.40 mSvy−1 respectively. The estimation of excess life time cancer risk assessments suggests about 13 out of 10000 persons may get affected by carcinogenic diseases due to indoor effective dose. The calculated external and internal hazard indices have been found to be less than unity.
Numerical study of nonlinear current density produced by beating of two chirped lasers in plasma with density-ripple
Authors: Mehta Alka , Kant Niti , Thakur Vishal , Rajput Jyoti 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the present model, a detailed theoretical investigation of the nonlinear current density produced by beating of chirped pulse lasers in plasma having spatial ripple density is conducted. In our mechanism, we consider two Gaussian lasers with electric fields

E
→

1

and

E
→

2

propagating along

z
^

, polarized along ŷ direction. The lasers have a linear frequency chirp and the frequency Ω1 and Ω2can be chosen as the required frequency range. A transverse nonlinear ponderomotive force is experienced by the plasma electrons due to the lasers beating in plasma. As a consequence, plasma electrons get an oscillatory velocity that paired with the density ripple to generate a stronger transient transverse nonlinear current. Our theoretical simulation unveil that by optimizing the chirp parameter a prominent change in nonlinear oscillating current is depicted.
Nanofluids rheology for viscoelastic Oldroyd-B fluid: a revised model
Authors: Gupta Urvashi , Kaur Jeevanpreet 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A revised model is used to study Rayleigh-Bénard convection of a viscoelastic Oldroyd-B nanofluid layer with physically realistic boundary condition i.e. the flux of nanoparticle volume fraction is zero on the boundaries. Combined behaviours of thermophoretic effects and Brownian motions due to the presence of nanoparticles is emphasized. It is found that for the case of Oldroyd-B nanofluids oscillatory convection sets in before stationary convection. For stationary convection viscoelastic nanofluid acts just as a Newtonian nanofluid due to the absence of viscoelastic parameters in the expression of thermal Rayleigh number. Interestingly, oscillatory motions come into existence due to viscoelasticity of the Oldroyd-B fluid. Further, the stress relaxation parameter hastens the onset of oscillatory convection while strain retardation parameter has the effect of postponing it. Behaviour of parameters under consideration is numerically seen using the software Mathematica. The critical frequency of oscillation as a function of strain retardation parameter for various values of physical parameters is computed and its effect on the stability of the system is depicted graphically.
rw*-closed sets in Alexandroff Spaces
Authors: Bhardwaj N , Sharma P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper explained and defined the notion of regular weakly-star closed (briefly known as rw*-closed) sets in alexandroff spaces in which every point has a minimal neighbourhood. We discuss the characterizations and study their properties based on set theory along with the notion of rw*-open sets.
An efficient intuitionistic fuzzy approach for location selection to install the most suitable energy power plant
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Yadav Rakesh , Majumder Arunava 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper develops a decision support system for multi-factor based energy plant installation in various locations. As, the conditions to implement an energy plant in different locations varies a lot, therefore, based on these conditions specific type of power generation plant should be installed. But, because of environmental sustainability, social, and economical issues, some restrictions are imposed in building all types of power plants in every location which may create difficulties to satisfy the demand of energy for those locations. Thus, there must be a suitable methodology to decide the most appropriate power generation plant to be installed in the most appropriate place. In this respect, this paper develops an efficient process for building the most appropriate energy production plant based on intuitionistic fuzzy logic. The study is inspired by Sanchez's approach which was initiated to diagnose some medical conditions. The Sanchez's method is adopted here and utilized to obtain the degree of membership functions to choose the proper location for the proper plant. The entire methodology was illustrated with the algorithm and flowchart. To validate the model, data of seven Indian states are collected from several sources. The study concluded that the proposed methodology can obtain the degrees of appropriateness which specifies how much a specific power plant is suitable to be implemented in a particular location.
Development Of Mathematical Model Related To Bumps On The Road
Authors: Yadav R , Kumar M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Road bumps are one of the traffic calming tool installed on the roads to control the speed of the vehicles, to avoid accidents and help pedestrians to cross the road. Road bumps should be set up keeping in the mind the various factors such as location type, traffic type, population density, and others. Work was done on the various types of road bumps mainly conical-shaped road bumps and usage of the Fourier series which is effective for periodic shaped bumps. In this paper, we are going to use the Laplace transform which is effective not only on the periodic type of the road bumps but also on the complex structures of road bumps and will study it on the hollow rectangular shaped road bumps. We will find the parameters especially effective distance between the two consecutive road bumps and displacement caused to the vehicle which would help in the designing of the road bumps so that vehicle could move safely over the bumps and least damage could be caused to it and travellers inside it.
Fractal Analysis of Black Carbon in the Coal Mine Regions of India
Authors: Makkhan Sidhu J S , Parmar K S , Kaushal S , Soni K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Time series display irregular patterns and self-similar microstructures usually termed as fractals over a period of time, depending on several factors like climate, season, market fluctuations, growth cycles etc. Various methods are developed in mathematical modeling to investigate such trends in the time series. Black carbon is one of the major air pollutants released during several mining activities having dangerous effect on climate and human health. In this paper we aim to study the behavioral pattern and trends in the time series of black carbon concentration over the three major coal mines of India namely Raniganj, Jharia and Bokaro considering a long term time series data of past 38 years using regression and fractal dimensional analysis of black carbon between the major coal mines with the help statistical tools like Hurst exponent, predictability index and trend percent. In this comparative study it is observed that the time series display anti persistent behavior with positive and large variation then the past time. The results and comparisons obtained will be helpful in studying the behavior and trends in the concentration of black carbon over the coal mines regions. The significance of the study will be helpful to gather the interest of researcher’s, NGO’s and government towards the black carbon concentration over the coal mines so that preventive measures and new policies be framed to keep a check on black carbon concentration in these areas.
A comprehensive survey on prime cordial and divisor cordial labeling of graphs
Authors: Parthiban A. , Sharma Vishally 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article presents a short and concise survey on prime cordial and divisor cordial labeling of graphs. A prime cordial labeling of a graphG(V,E) is a bijective functionf:V(G) → {1,2,…,|V|} such that if each edgexyis assigned the label 1 ifgcd(f(x),f(y)) = 1 and 0 ifgcd(f(x),f(y)) > 1, then the number of edges labeled with 0 and the number of edges labeled with 1 differ by at most 1. Further, a divisor cordial labeling ofGis a bijectiong:V(G) → {1,2,…,|V|} such that an edgestis assigned the label 1 if oneg(s) org(t) divides the other and 0 otherwise, then the number of edges labeled with 0 and the number of edges labelled with 1 differ by at most 1. We callGa divisor cordial graph if it admits a divisor cordial labeling. This article stands divided into five sections. The first and fifth sections are reserved respectively for introduction and some important references. The second section deals with the prime cordial labeling of certain classes of graphs wherein some important known results have been recalled. The third section deals with the divisor cordial labeling of graphs in which a few known results of high interest have been outlined. In the fourth section we highlight certain conjectures and open problems in respect of the above mentioned labelling that still remain unsolved.
Impact of water toxicity and acidity on dynamics of prey-predator aquatic populations: a mathematical model
Authors: Kalra P , Shreya  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Escalation in pollution and contamination of the aquatic bodies is one of the alarming issues in recent times. Discharge of agricultural and industrial effluents into the water bodies is deteriorating the quality of water. Further, acid rain and pollutants washed off from land directly into water bodies lead to increase in acidity of water. These phenomena cause a decline in dissolved oxygen level of water, thus, threatening the survival of aquatic organisms. A non-linear mathematical model has been proposed to investigate the effect of toxicity and acidity on a prey-predator system wherein the predator is assumed to be completely dependent on prey for food. Also, it is assumed that rise in water acidity and toxicity develops impairments and infection in the lower level of food chain i.e. prey, which has indirect detrimental consequences for the growth and survival of the higher level of food chain i.e. predator due to consumption of prey by predator in the feeding process. Stability analysis of the model has been carried out and stability conditions have been derived taking into account all parameters of the proposed model. Numerical simulations are performed using MATLAB to support the analytical results obtained.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Benzotriazole Derivatives for Anti-Corrosive Study on Mild Steel in Acidic Medium
Authors: Verma Kunika , Singh Navneet 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Four novel benzotriazole derivatives 1-(Chloromethyl)-1H-Benzotriazole; 1, N-(benzo[e] [1, 2, 4]triazin-4(3-H)-ylmethylbenzenamine; 2, 1-((1-H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)methyl) hydrazine; 3 and 1-((1-H-benzo[d][ 1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)methyl) phenyl hydrazine; 4 were synthesized through micro wave irradiation (MWI) method. These derivatives were characterized and tested for anticorrosive action on iron coupons in 0.5M acidic medium at different concentration. The anti-corrosive study was done using weight loss method and corrosion rate (CR) analysis. All the synthesized derivatives gave remarkable corrosion protection effect. Major outcome of the study shows corrosion inhibitor efficiency of derivatives follows order 3, 4, 2 and 1 at 100mg/L, 3, 2, 4 and 1 at 200mg/L, 3, 4, 2 and 1 at 300mg/L. Compound 1-((1-H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)methyl)hydrazine; 3 emerges as leader in all concentration in this study while 1-(Chloromethyl)-1H-Benzotriazole; 1, shows moderate impact. This study imparts an understanding for the new class of anticorrosive benzotriazole derivatives which can be of industrial use.
Properties of Bituminous Binder Modified With Polyethylene
Authors: Sharma Sonu , Sharma Praveen Kumar , Upadhyay Niraj 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Bitumen is used as a binder in construction of flexible pavements since long. With the increase in population and number of vehicles, load on roads have been increased day by day. Thus roads which consist of unmodified bitumen suffer from serious drawbacks in the due course of time like rutting, thermal cracking, fatigue cracking, pothole formation etc. Hence, it is necessary to add a modifier in bitumen to enhance the binding property of later. Polyethylene, which is a non-degradable compound, become waste and creates pollution, owing to its high consumption. This polyethylene (melting point 120-180 °C; thermal degradation above 400 °C) in liquid state becomes sticky in nature and therefore can act as a binder. Also, major parts of both polyethylene and bitumen are hydrocarbon, hence polyethylene wastes (LDPE and HDPE) can be used to modify the bitumen and enhance the binder property of it. Like polyethenes, degradation of other polymeric wastes is also challenging and can be utilized for other purposes for minimizing the wastes and improvement in quality of available products.
Seismic exploration device based on time-frequency space algorithm
Authors: Liu Pengcheng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Among the exploration methods of oil and gas resources, one of the most important exploration methods is seismic exploration. Due to economic development, the previous shallow exploration has been unable to meet the needs, and it is necessary to conduct exploration in deep geological layers. However, as the depth increases, the signal of the geophone gradually weakens and the noise interference increases, which makes the denoising work of seismic exploration more important. Aiming at the above problems, this paper proposes the research of seismic exploration equipment based on time-frequency space algorithm, and uses different window lengths for processing based on the time-frequency peak filtering algorithm. Through simulation experiments on seismic exploration data with different frequencies, the results show that the method proposed in this paper improves the effective signal amplitude maintenance by more than 11%, and the amplitude maintenance is higher than 88%. The signal-to-noise ratio also improved from -8dB before filtering to 12.13dB. This shows that the method proposed in this paper can better meet the needs of seismic exploration signal processing.
Study on Book Ontology in the Digitization Process of Books
Authors: Li Xiao-Fei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the construction of digital library, it is difficult to find the content information of massive electronic books.Thus, the problem of many islands of information is presented, which hinders the efficient utilization of resources. This paper proposed an ontology framework of the electronic book domain to realize the semantic description of information resources. The KeyGraph algorithm was used to extract the key words of the book content abstract and chapter content of the electronic books, and the corresponding classes in the domain ontology were instantiated with the keyword content. Finally the semantic retrieval model has been proposed for extracting the query keywords. Content abstract and chapter content were obtained from book ontology. Compare query keywords with their similarity to get the final query result.
An Electronic Voting Scheme Based on ElGamal Homomorphic Encryption for Privacy Protection
Authors: Li Luecheng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Electronic voting is the product of the development of modern network technology, in view of the electronic voting system security issues. This paper puts forward a kind of electronic voting scheme based on ElGamal homomorphism encryption, the scheme using homomorphic encryption strategies to voters vote operations, to protect the identity of voters and will not be exposed, to realize the security of electronic voting, confidentiality, and fairness, eligibility, and implement the Internet security electronic voting.