bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of background characteristics on the optimal sample filling height in gamma-ray spectrometry
Authors: Ramebäck H. , Vidmar T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe minimum detectable activity (MDA) for gamma spectrometric measurements was studied as a function of filling height for two detectors having different background characteristics and for two sample matrices: a water sample with a low content of natural radionuclides, and zircon sand, with high activities of uranium and thorium. The zircon sand is also a material in which the self-attenuation of low-energy gamma photons will be high. The results show that for the water sample it is always favourable to completely fill the sample container. However, due to the inherent content of naturally occurring radionuclides in the zircon sand the MDA may not necessarily improve with the filling height, since an increased amount of sample will increase the background in the spectrum as well.
On the holistic validation of electronic materials compound for irradiation study - Experimental and calculated results
Authors: Frosio Thomas , Menaa Nabil , Magistris Matteo , Theis Chris 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDue to the large variations of chemical compositions in electronic material, the estimation of the radionuclide inventory following irradiation represents a technical challenge at CERN high-energy particle accelerators. In particular, the activation of printed circuit boards is of concern to the CERN experiments as they are widely used for various purposes ranging from safety systems to sub-detector controls. Because of maintenance operations, part of this equipment has to be removed from the accelerator machines. The literature provides a variety of compositions for electronic materials, leaving the problematic selection of the most appropriate composition for an activation study to the reader. In this article, we discuss two reference chemical compositions on the basis of a statistical analysis of large datasets of gamma spectroscopy results, and on ActiWiz calculations which take into account different activation scenarios at CERN. These results can be extended to electronic material irradiated in other particle accelerators.
Mapping of diseases from clinical medicine research—a visualization study
Authors: Chen Yilong , Dong Yiting , Zeng Yu , Yang Xiaoyan , Shen Jiantong , Zheng Lang , Jiang Jingwen , Pu Liming , Bao Qilin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBy employing bibliometric method, this study aimed to visualize the research hotspots and correlations among clinical medicine subjects. Literatures were retrieved from the PubMed database based on MeSH words and free-text phrases and screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The disease themes were manually marked according to ICD-10. Co-word analysis and strategic diagram methods were applied to explore the hot topics and development trends of disease themes. 2551 articles were included after literature screening. The amount of paper showed an increasing trend and reached a peak in 2013. The subjects of adults and the elderly accounted for 45.0% and 27.0% respectively. The United States of America had the most publication, with Massachusetts and California being the most prevalent states, and Harvard University was the most prolific institution. Co-word analysis revealed that research hot topics of diseases were divided into 8 themes, among which the most was “disease of the circulatory system” and “injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes”. The strategic diagram showed that the above two topics were mature but relatively independent, while the “physical fitness” topic was not mature enough but was closely related to the others. There are more and more data-driven studies in the field of medicine and health, while, huge development spaces in the full spectrum of the diseases do exist. Mining the published researches through bibliometrics and visualized methods could come up with valuable results to inform further study.
Knowledge structure transition in library and information science: topic modeling and visualization
Authors: Miyata Yosuke , Ishita Emi , Yang Fang , Yamamoto Michimasa , Iwase Azusa , Kurata Keiko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to identify topics in library and information science (LIS) using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and to visualize the knowledge structure of the field as consisting of specific topics and its transition from 2000–2002 to 2015–2017. The full text of 1648 research articles from five peer-reviewed representative LIS journals in these two periods was analyzed by using LDA. A total of 30 topics in each period were labeled based on the frequency of terms and the contents of the articles. These topics were plotted on a two-dimensional map usingLDAvisand categorized based on their location and characteristics in the plots. Although research areas in some forms were persistent with which discovered in previous studies, they were crucial to the transition of the knowledge structure in LIS and had the following three features: (1) The Internet became the premise of research in LIS in 2015–2017. (2) Theoretical approach or empirical work can be considered as a factor in the transition of the knowledge structure in some categories. (3) The topic diversity of the five core LIS journals decreased from the 2000–2002 to 2015–2017.
A Camera Model for Line-Scan Cameras with Telecentric Lenses
Authors: Steger Carsten , Ulrich Markus 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe propose a camera model for line-scan cameras with telecentric lenses. The camera model assumes a linear relative motion with constant velocity between the camera and the object. It allows to model lens distortions, while supporting arbitrary positions of the line sensor with respect to the optical axis. We comprehensively examine the degeneracies of the camera model and propose methods to handle them. Furthermore, we examine the relation of the proposed camera model to affine cameras. In addition, we propose an algorithm to calibrate telecentric line-scan cameras using a planar calibration object. We perform an extensive evaluation of the proposed camera model that establishes the validity and accuracy of the proposed model. We also show that even for lenses with very small lens distortions, the distortions are statistically highly significant. Therefore, they cannot be omitted in real-world applications.
Investigations of Free Space Optical Communications Under Real-World Atmospheric Conditions
Authors: Siegel Tobias , Chen Shun-Ping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDue to the increasing demand for higher bandwidth in modern communication systems, conventional networks are continuously expanded with new technologies to improve coverage. Free space optical communications (FSOC) shows some significant advantages concerning system setup time in comparison with the classical fiber optical systems on one hand, substantial spectral bandwidth and performances in comparison with the wireless systems under certain conditions on the other hand. This makes this technology not only a reasonable extension for metropolitan area networks but also provides the capability to set up a network after an outage in case of natural disaster quickly. But transmitting data by using FSOC involves some limiting factors that have to be considered prior to each installation. Since the atmospheric channel is not static, the influence of changing weather conditions or industrial smog have a significant impact on the available bitrate. A simulation platform is developed and presented in this paper for investigation of FSOC considering these circumstances. Regarding the atmospheric channel, turbulence, distance-dependent beam divergence, and applied modulation schemes, a general overview of the capabilities is presented and discussed. The insight of this paper should help to make a decision under which preconditions either the FSOC provides a meaningful application possibility, or the limiting factors become too crucial and other technologies must be considered.
Measuring income inequality based on unequally distributed income
Authors: Park Joongyang , Kim Youngsoon , Ju Ae-Jin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a new framework for measuring income inequality. The framework is based on the unequally distributed (UD) incomes that are obtained by removing the equally distributed parts from incomes. We then derive the normalized norm indexes from the cumulative distribution function and the unscaled Lorenz curve of the UD incomes. The relation between the normalized norm indexes and the popular Gini coefficient and coefficient of variation (CV) shows that the Gini coefficient and CV represent only parts of income inequality. We analyze example income distributions and the Luxembourg Income Study datasets to show that the normalized norm indexes evaluate income inequality appropriately and solve the negative income problem.
New Insights in RBM20 Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lennermann D. , Backs J. , van den Hoogenhof M. M. G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review aims to give an update on recent findings related to the cardiac splicing factor RNA-binding motif protein 20 (RBM20) and RBM20 cardiomyopathy, a form of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in RBM20.

Recent Findings
While most research on RBM20 splicing targets has focused on titin (TTN), multiple studies over the last years have shown that other splicing targets of RBM20 including Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIδ (CAMK2D) might be critically involved in the development of RBM20 cardiomyopathy. In this regard, loss of RBM20 causes an abnormal intracellular calcium handling, which may relate to the arrhythmogenic presentation of RBM20 cardiomyopathy. In addition, RBM20 presents clinically in a highly gender-specific manner, with male patients suffering from an earlier disease onset and a more severe disease progression.

Summary
Further research on RBM20, and treatment of RBM20 cardiomyopathy, will need to consider both the multitude and relative contribution of the different splicing targets and related pathways, as well as gender differences.
A short history of studies on intelligence and brain in honeybees
Authors: Menzel Randolf 
Published: August 2020

AbstractReflections about the historical roots of our current scientific endeavors are useful from time to time as they help us to acknowledge the ideas, concepts, methodological approaches, and idiosyncrasies of the researchers that paved the ground we stand on right now. The 50-year anniversary of Apidologie offers the opportunity to refresh our knowledge about the history of bee research. I take the liberty of putting the founding year of Apidologie in the middle of the period I cover here. The nascent period of behavioral biology around the late 19th to the early twentieth century was intimately connected with a loss of concepts related to the mental functions of the brain, concepts that were rooted in Darwin’s theory of gradualism in the living world including cognition in animals. This loss was celebrated both in ethology and behaviorism as the gateway to scientific impartiality. Using this apparently strict scientific approach, impressive discoveries were made by observing and strictly quantifying the behavior of bees. The first forays into the brain, however, uncovered a richness of structure and function that reached far beyond stereotypical input/output connections and opened the way to compensating the conceptual restrictions imposed on us by traditional ethology. Honeybee research provides us with a particularly exciting story in this context. The cognitive turn in behavioral biology is intimately connected to the increasing knowledge of how the brain works, also in honeybee research. What has been achieved so far is just the beginning, but it gives us a glimpse of a promising future. Teamwork between neuroscientists and behavioral biologists is needed to elucidate brain functions such as the expectation of future outcomes and intentionality as an entry to animal intelligence reflecting the flexibility and adaptability in behavior also seen in honeybees.
Modeling in food across the scales: towards a universal mass transfer simulator of small molecules in food
Authors: Vitrac O. , Hayert M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMultiscale modeling in food is the cutting-edge strategy to revisit food structure and food composition to meet specific targets such as bioavailability, oral perception, or to evaluate the contamination of food by chemicals. A special implementation of Langevin dynamics is proposed to describe mass transfer in structured food. The concepts of random walks over discrete times and physicochemical interactions are connected via an exact solution of the Fokker–Planck equation across interfaces. The methodology is illustrated on the calculation of effective diffusivities of small solutes in emulsions in relationship with their polydispersity, the volume fraction of dispersed phase d = [0.1, 0.4], the ratio of diffusion coefficients between the two phases, rD = [10−2, 102], and the partition coefficients between the continuous and disperse phases, K = [10−2, + ∞[. Simulated diffusion paths are detailed in 2D emulsions and the effective diffusivities compared with the core–shell model of Kalnin and Kotomin (J Phys A Math Gen 31(35):7227–7234, 1998). The same effects are finally tabulated for 3D emulsions covering the full range of food applications. The methodology is comprehensive enough to enable various extensions such as chemisorption, adsorption in the surfactant layer, local flows, flocculation/creaming.
Association Between Overt Hyperthyroidism and Risk of Sexual Dysfunction in Both Sexes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pan Yin , Xie Qiang , Zhang Zhuoni , Dai Yuechu , Lin Lizhong , Quan Mingming , Guo Xiaowei , Shen Maolei , Zhao Shankun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Numerous studies have shown the detrimental effects of overt hyperthyroidism on sexual functioning but a quantitative result has not yet been synthesized.

Aim
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis that quantifies the association between overt hyperthyroidism and the risk of sexual dysfunction (SD).

Methods
A meta-analysis of studies in the literature published prior to February 1, 2020, from 4 electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, and PsychINFO) was conducted. All analyses were performed using the random-effects model comparing individuals with and without overt hyperthyroidism.

Outcomes
The strength of the association between overt hyperthyroidism and risk of SD was quantified by calculating the relative risk (RR) and the standard mean difierences with 95% CI. The quality of evidence for the reported outcome was based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.

Results
Of 571 publications, a total of 7 studies involving 323,257 individuals were included. Synthetic results from 7 eligible studies indicated that overt hyperthyroidism led to significant SD in both sexes (pooled RR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.3–5.17, P = .007; heterogeneity: I2 = 98.8%, P &lt; .001). When we analyzed the data of men and women independently, the pooled results consistently showed that men and women with overt hyperthyroidism were at over 2-fold higher risk of SD than the general populations (RR for males = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.03–6.52, P = .044; RR for females = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.47–4.28, P = .001). Combined standard mean diffierences from those studies providing the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) suggested that women with overt hyperthyroidism were associated with a significantly lower FSFI value in FSFI total scores, subscale sexual arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and satisfaction domain (all P &lt; .05). The overall quality of evidence in our study was considered to be moderate.

Clinical Implications
Clinicians should know the detrimental effects of overt hyperthyroidism on sexual functioning in clinical practice. Measurement of thyroid hormones should be included in the assessment of patients presenting with SD when they show symptoms of clinical hyperthyroidism.

Strengths & Limitations
This is the first meta-analysis quantifying the relationship between overt hyperthyroidism and the risks of SD. However, the combined results were derived from limited retrospective studies along with substantial heterogeneities.

Conclusion
Our study has confirmed the potentially devastating sexual health consequences caused by overt hyperthyroidism. However, additional rigorous studies with sizable samples are still needed to better elucidate this evidence.
The Impact of Australian Psychologists’ Education, Beliefs, Theoretical Understanding, and Attachment on the Use and Implementation of Exposure Therapy
Authors: Rowe Clancy , Kangas Maria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the relative contributions of university education, exposure specific training, and beliefs about exposure therapy (ET) in relation to the frequency, duration, and intense delivery of ET by Australian psychologists. Associations between clinicians’ use of and theoretical conceptualisation of ET, and attachment style were also evaluated. A total of 115 Australian psychologists (N = 94 females) completed an online survey. Findings revealed that a majority of participants used cognitive behaviour therapy (93%) and ET (88%) to treat anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder. The majority who used ET (90%) reported using therapist-assisted in vivo exposure with clients. Findings also showed that therapists spend 42% of session time on exposure. Moreover, therapists who reported more comprehensive training had more positive beliefs about ET. Positive beliefs about ET, and clearer conceptualisation of treatment, were related to greater use and more intense implementation of ET. Psychologists with a more preoccupied or dismissive attachment style were less likely to deliver intense ET. The findings suggest that ET-specific training may be a powerful medium to improving the adoption and application of ET. Clinician's theoretical conceptualisation of ET and interpersonal attachment style are also worthy targets for future research and training in ET.
The Episode of National Lockdown in the Pandemic: Air Traffic Restriction as the Control Strategy and Its Impact on Existing Cases and Recovery Rate of Novel Coronavirus Disease in Megacities of China
Authors: Li Jiannan , Wang Zhaoguo , Yuan Bocong , Liang Haixuan , Liang Wenqi 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:The effectiveness of air traffic restriction in containing the spread of infectious diseases is full of controversy in prior literature. In January 2020, the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) announced air traffic restriction in response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This study’s aim is to empirically examine the policy effectiveness.Method:The data from 2 third-party platforms are used in this investigation. The COVID-19 data from the platform DXY and the air traffic data from Airsavvi are matched to each other. The robust panel regression with controlling city effect and time effect is conducted.Results:The curvilinear relations are found between the air traffic restriction and the existing cases, and the recovery rate (quadratic term = 9.006 and −0.967, respectively). As the strength of air traffic restriction is growing, the negative effect (-8.146) of air traffic restriction on the existing cases and the positive effect (0.961) of air traffic restriction on the recovery rate, respectively, begin decreasing.Conclusion:On the macro level, the air traffic restriction may help alleviate the growth of existing cases and help raise the recovery rate of COVID-19 in megacities of China, but both these effects will marginally recede as the restriction strength is intensifying.
Defining COVID-19 as a Disaster Helps Guide Public Mental Health Policy
Authors: Alkhayyat Abdulaziz , Pankhania Kishan 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to be a devastating chapter in history. The consequences of the pandemic unfold daily and they extend beyond physical health. Current research suggests that it is a public mental health crisis. With regard to the physical effects of COVID-19, policy-makers have drawn from past experiences, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak of 2003, to craft unique responses. A similar approach must be taken to address the mental health effects of the pandemic. Because COVID-19 can fit the definitions of a mental health disaster, it can be addressed using the principles of disaster mental health management. This letter to the editor presents arguments for defining COVID-19 as a mental health disaster, the challenges facing policy-makers in addressing it as such, and calls upon researchers to fill this gap in the literature.
Reduced Emergency Department Utilization During the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Viral Fear or Lockdown Effect?
Authors: Barten Dennis G. , Latten Gideon H.P. , van Osch Frits H.M. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, several frontline workers have expressed their concerns about reduced emergency department (ED) utilization. We aimed to examine the changes in ED utilization during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, in a country with a well-developed primary care system.Methods:A retrospective analysis of ED utilization was performed in 3 Dutch hospitals during a 60-day period, starting on February 15, 2020. The identical period in 2019 was used as a reference. ED visits were labeled as COVID-related (defined as COVID-19 suspected) or non-COVID-related. Admission rates were compared using chi-square tests, and the reduction in ED visits was assessed descriptively.Results:During the study period, daily ED volume was 18% lower compared to that of 2019. ED utilization further declined (-29%) during lockdown. Combined admission rates were higher in 2020 compared to those in 2019 (P < 0.001), and they were higher for COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 ED visits (P < 0.001).Conclusions:ED utilization was markedly reduced during the local rise of COVID-19 in a region with a well-developed primary care system and relatively low ED self-referral rates. Although it cannot directly be concluded from the findings of our study, this observation likely reflects a complex interaction between pure lockdown effects and viral fear, which warrants further research.
DocuSky, A Personal Digital Humanities Platform for Scholars
Authors: Tu Hsieh-Chang , Hsiang Jieh , Hung I-Mei , Hu Chijui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDocuSky is a personal digital humanities platform for humanities scholars, which aims to become a platform on which a scholar can satisfy all her digital needs with no direct IT assistance. To this end, DocuSky provides tools for a scholar to download material from the Web and prepare (annotating, building metadata) her material, a one-click function to build a full-text searchable database, and tools for analysis and visualization. DocuSky advocates the separation of digital content and tools. Being an open platform, it encourages IT developers to build tools to suit scholars’ needs, and it has already incorporated several popular Web resources and external tools into its environment. Interoperability is ensured through the format DocuXML. In addition to describing the design principles of DocuSky, we will show its main features, together with several important tools and examples. DocuSky was originally developed for Sinological studies. We are enriching it to work in other languages.