bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accretion of Gas Giants Constrained by the Tidal Barrier
Authors: Li Ya-Ping , Chen Yi-Xian , Lin Douglas N. C. , Zhang Xiaojia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
After protoplanets have acquired sufficient mass to open partial gaps in their natal protostellar disks, residual gas continues to diffuse onto horseshoe streamlines under the effect of viscous dissipation, and to meander in and out of the planets’ Hill sphere. Within the Hill sphere, the horseshoe streamlines intercept gas flow in circumplanetary disks. The host star’s tidal perturbation induces a barrier across the converging streamlines’ interface. Viscous transfer of angular momentum across this tidal barrier determines the rate of mass diffusion from the horseshoe streamlines onto the circumplanetary disks, and eventually the accretion rate onto the protoplanets. We carry out a series of numerical simulations to test the influence of this tidal barrier on superthermal planets. In weakly viscous disks, the protoplanets’ accretion rate steeply decreases with their masses above the thermal limit. As their growth timescale exceeds the gas depletion timescale, their masses reach asymptotic values comparable to that of Jupiter. In relatively thick and strongly viscous disks, protoplanets’ asymptotic masses exceed several times that of Jupiter. Two-dimensional numerical simulations show that such massive protoplanets strongly excite the eccentricity of nearby horseshoe streamlines, destabilize orderly flow, substantially enhance the diffusion rate across the tidal barrier, and elevate their growth rate until their natal disk is severely depleted. In contrast, eccentric streamlines remain stable in three-dimensional simulations. Based on the upper falloff in the observed mass distribution of known exoplanets, we suggest that their natal disks had relatively low viscosity (α ∼ 10−3) and modest thickness (H/R ∼ 0.03–0.05).
The Quasar SDSS J140821.67+025733.2 Does Not Contain a 196 Billion Solar Mass Black Hole
Authors: Guo Hengxiao , Barth Aaron J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The black hole in the quasar SDSS J140821.67+025733.2 has been reported to have a mass of 1.96 × 1011
M
⊙ based on measurements from the SDSS DR12 Quasar Catalog. As a result, references to this object as the most massive known black hole in the universe have recently appeared in scientific articles and in popular media including Wikipedia. We show that this extremely high mass estimate is incorrect, resulting from a faulty measurement of the C iv line width. From a new measurement of the Mg ii line width, we derive an estimate of M
BH ≈ 8 × 109
M
⊙.
Adherence Affects Monocyte Innate Immune Function and Metabolic Reprogramming after Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation In Vitro
Authors: Otto Natasja A , Butler Joe M , Ramirez-Moral Ivan , van Weeghel Michel , van Heijst Jeroen W J , Scicluna Brendon P , Houtkooper Riekelt H , de Vos Alex F , van der Poll Tom 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Circulating nonadherent monocytes can migrate to extravascular sites by a process that involves adherence. Alterations in intracellular metabolism shape the immunological phenotype of phagocytes upon activation. To determine the effect of adherence on their metabolic and functional response human monocytes were stimulated with LPS under nonadherent and adherent conditions. Adherent monocytes (relative to nonadherent monocytes) produced less TNF and IL-1β (proinflammatory) and more IL-10 (anti-inflammatory) upon LPS stimulation and had an increased capacity to phagocytose and produce reactive oxygen species. RNA sequencing analysis confirmed that adherence modified the LPS-induced response of monocytes, reducing expression of proinflammatory genes involved in TLR signaling and increasing induction of genes involved in pathogen elimination. Adherence resulted in an increased glycolytic response as indicated by lactate release, gene set enrichment, and [13C]-glucose flux analysis. To determine the role of glycolysis in LPS-induced immune responses, this pathway was inhibited by glucose deprivation or the glucose analogue 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG). Although both interventions equally inhibited glycolysis, only 2DG influenced monocyte functions, inhibiting expression of genes involved in TLR signaling and pathogen elimination, as well as cytokine release. 2DG, but not glucose deprivation, reduced expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation affected TNF and IL-10 release in a similar way as 2DG. Collectively, these data suggest that adherence may modify the metabolic and immunological profile of monocytes and that inhibition of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, but not inhibition of glycolysis alone, has a profound effect on immune functions of monocytes exposed to LPS.
Aplikasi Ujian Berbasis Komputer Pada MTs NW Lenek 1
Authors: Yunita Astuti  , Lalu Puji Indra Kharisma  , Ahmad Ashril Rizal  
Published: January 2021

Dalam era globalisasi sekarang ini, tekonologi informasi berkembang dengan sangat pesat, baik dari segi infrastruktur, jaringan, perangkat dan juga perangkat lunak. Hal tersebut mendorong digitalisasi dalam segala aspek kehidupan, tak terkecuali dalam pelaksanaan ujian pada berbagai lembaga pendidikan. Ujian sebagai salah satu cara untuk mengevaluasi proses belajar untuk mengukur taraf pencapaian kemampuan, kepribadian dan intelegensi peserta didik. Sehingga menjadikan ujian merupakan tahapan penting dalam proses belajar mengajar. Beberapa tahun yang lalu, pelaksanaan ujian diberbagai sekolah di Indonesia masih menggunakan cara manual, yaitu menggunakan kertas soal dan jawaban. Ujian dengan cara seperti ini memberikan berbagai persoalan yang sangat kompleks, dimulai dari tingkat kecurangan dan kendala pendistribusian soal ke berbagai daerah. Untuk itu pemerintah mulai mencanangkan Ujian Nasional dan Ujian Sekolah berbasis Komputer untuk mengatasi kendala-kendala tersebut. Termasuk MTS NW Lenek 1, yang sudah mengimplementasikan Ujian Nasional Berbasis Komputer (UNBK). Untuk itu penulis mengembangkan aplikasi ujian pada MTS NW Lenek 1, untuk memberikan kemudahan didalam pelaksanaan dan pengolahan data ujian bagi siswa maupun guru. Aplikasi Ujian ini dibuat menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan perangkat lunak database MySQL.
Kata Kunci:Aplikasi ujian berbasis komputer, MYSQL
Efficacy of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Antagonists in the Treatment of Acute Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Canlas Kristina M. , Macalintal-Canlas Regina A. , Sakai Fumihiko 
Published: January 2021

Objective. This study determined the efficacy of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists in the treatment of acute migraine.
Methods. Seven randomized, controlled trials were included. Outcome measures used were pain freedom and pain relief two hours after treatment.
Results. The difference in pain freedom 2 hours post-dose significantly favored gepants 140/150 mg (OR=2.39, 95% CI=1.93-2.96, P<0.00001) and 280/300 mg (OR=2.94, 95% CI=2.44-3.35, P<0.00001) over placebo, while the difference in pain freedom 2 hours post- dose did not significantly favor triptans over gepants 140/150 mg and vice versa (OR=0.62, 95% CI=0.32-1.21, P=0.16) and over gepants 280/300 mg (OR=0.86, 95% CI=0.64-1.15, P=0.34). The difference in pain relief 2 hours post-dose significantly favored gepants 140/150 mg (OR=2.49, 95% CI=2.13-2.91, P<0.00001) and 280/300 mg (OR=2.78, 95% CI=2.41-3.21, P<0.00001) over placebo. The difference in pain relief 2 hours post-dose significantly favored triptans over gepants 140/150 mg (OR=0.73, 95% CI=0.56-0.96, P=0.03), but not over gepants 280/300 mg and vice versa (OR=0.98, 95% CI=0.76-1.27, P=0.89).
Conclusion. With regard to pain freedom and pain relief two hours post-dose, CGRP antagonists are more efficacious than placebo in the treatment of acute migraine but there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate superior efficacy of CGRP antagonists over triptans.
Disability Weight Determination for Road Traffic Injuries in the Philippines: Metro Manila Scenario
Authors: Juban Noel R. , Lam Hilton Y. , Caro Ruzanne M. , Concepcion Jorge M. , Dela Rosa Tammy L. , Berberabe A’Ericson , Dumlao Karen June P. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. To determine the Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) weights of road traffic injuries and use the DALY weights in determining the total DALYs lost in Metro Manila using available data.
Methods. Consensus on DALY weights for each of the 31 International Classification of Diseases (ICD)10 codes related to road traffic injuries was done using Delphi Process. Experts from different fields were invited to participate in 2 rounds of discussion-and-scoring were done to obtain consensus were obtained for each DALY weight. Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PHIC) data on the counts of the 31 ICD 10 coded claims for the years 2011, 2012, and 2013 were obtained and used to calculate the total DALY lost due to vehicular injuries for Metro-Manila.
Results. Road traffic related injuries affected mostly young people (mean 34 yo + 15) and affected mostly men (81%). There were a total of 3,199 injuries seen in 2,573 patients. 98.1% of the patients had a < 1 year type of injury with an average disability weight of 0.34154 and a total DALYs lost of 300.4. 0.5% of the patients had a ≥ 1 year type of injury with an average disability weight of 0.2726 and a total DALYs lost of 218.08.1.4% of the patients most likely died from their injuries earning a total DALYs lost of 1,440.The sum of DALYs lost is equivalent to a total of 1,958.12.
Conclusion. The Metro Manila loses roughly Php 76.6 Million per year due to road traffic injuries and accidents. These events are highly preventable. Without proper interventions, road traffic injuries may lead to impoverishment of the young families who pick up the pieces, or are left behind.
Reduced Levels of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lizarondo Felix Paolo J. , Nacianceno Patricia A. , Yap-Silva Claudine 
Published: January 2021

Background. Alopecia areata is postulated to be an autoimmune disease of which vitamin D may play a role being found in the immune system and hair.
Objective. To determine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with alopecia areata compared with healthy controls.
Methods. Observational studies on association of vitamin D levels on alopecia areata compared to healthy controls were obtained from all published articles until July 2018 on MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, TRIP, HERDIN, and Google. Review Manager 5.3 was used for the meta-analysis.
Results. The search strategy yielded 13 qualified articles for the full-length review and 11 studies, containing 916 patients, were included in the meta-analysis using the pooled random effects model. The pooled mean difference of the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between alopecia areata patients and healthy controls was -9.55 (95% CI, -10.51 to -8.59) with heterogeneity (I2=85%).
Conclusion. In conclusion, there were reduced levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in alopecia areata compared to healthy controls and vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in alopecia areata compared to healthy controls. There was also a trend of lower vitamin D levels in the more severe forms of alopecia.
The Effect of Aerobic and Anaerobic Interval Exercise on the Proliferation Phase of Wound Healing in Tooth Extraction of Rattus novergicus
Authors: Oki Aqsa Sjuhada , Farhana Nurul , Yuliati  
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The healing process of tooth extraction is desired to take place faster to restore the normal tissue. Physical exercise is proven to accelerate wound healing through various physiological mechanisms. Aerobic exercise increases oxygen perfusion which leads to wound healing process. On the other hand, anaerobic exercise stimulates reactive oxygen species and may interfere with the wound healing process.
Objective. To observe if there are differences in the effectiveness of wound healing after tooth extraction based on the number of fibroblast and neovascularization in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) that performed interval aerobic or anaerobic exercise.
Methods. Rats were divided into 3 groups, a control group and two treatment groups which performed the aerobic physical exercise or the anaerobic physical exercise. Fibroblast and neovascularization were calculated 7 days after the tooth extraction. Data were analyzed using Krusskal-Wallis statistical tests.
Results. The aerobic exercise group showed the higher number of fibroblasts and neovascularization compared to anaerobic exercise group, while the control group showed the lowest number of fibroblast and neovascularization.
Conclusion. This study demonstrated that aerobic physical exercise accelerates wound healing in the proliferation phase better than anaerobic exercise and no exercise.
CONSCIÊNCIA FONOLÓGICA, FONÉTICA ARTICULATÓRIA E ENSINO
Authors: BENEVIDES Aline De Lima 
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo discutem-se conceitos essenciais de fonética articulatória relacionando-os com o conceito de consciência fonológica, a fim de mostrar como aquele pode ser base do desenvolvimento deste. Para isso, expõem-se características do sistema de escrita do português, explicitando a relação letra-som. Além disso, parte-se da fonética articulatória para apresentar o sistema fonológico do PB. Busca-se, por fim, relacionar questões articulatórias com os correntes desvios de escrita encontrados nos textos de alunos de todas as séries do ensino regular. REFERÊNCIASBORTONI-RICARDO, S. M. Métodos de alfabetização e consciência fonológica: o tratamento de regras de variação e mudança. SCRIPTA, Belo Horizonte, v. 9, n. 18, p. 201-220, 1º sem. 2006.CHOMSKY, N. Language and Mind. 3 ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 190 p.CRISTÓFARO-SILVA, T. Fonética e Fonologia do Português. 9 ed. São Paulo: Contexto, 2009. 275 p.CRISTÓFARO-SILVA, T. Qual é a diferença entre consciência fonológica e consciência fonêmica? Letra A, Belo Horizonte, ano 4, n. 16, out./nov. 2008, p. 3.GODOY, D. M. A. Aprendizagem inicial da leitura e da escrita no português do Brasil: influência da consciência fonológica e do método de alfabetização. Tese de Doutorado. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2005. 188 p.LAMPRECHT, R. R. Qual é a diferença entre consciência fonológica e consciência fonêmica? Letra A, Belo Horizonte, ano 4, n. 16, out./nov. 2008, p. 3.MARTINS, M. A.; VIEIRA, S. R. TAVARES, M. A. Ensino de Português e Sociolinguística. São Paulo: Contexto, 2014.MORAIS J.; BERTELSON P.; CARY L.; ALEGRIA J. Literacy training and speech segmentation. Cognition, 24, p. 45-64, 1986.PINHEIRO, A. M. V. Leitura e Escrita: uma abordagem cognitiva. Campinas: Editorial Psy II, 1994. 219 p.RIBEIRO, V. da S. Consciência fonológica e aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita: uma análise dessa relação em crianças em fase inicial de alfabetização. Entrepalavras, Fortaleza, ano 1. v. 1, n.1, p. 100-116, ago/dez 2011.SANTOS, R. S. SOUZA, P. C. Fonética. In: FIORIN, J. L. (Org.) Introdução à Linguística II. Princípios de análise. 4 ed. São Paulo: Contexto, 2008. p. 9-32.SNOWLING, M. J. HULME, C. A Ciência da Leitura. São Paulo: Penso, 2013.SOUZA, P. C. Dez livros para conhecer os sistemas de escrita. Disponível em: https://www.fflch.usp.br/sites/fflch.usp.br/files/2018-02/Sistemas%20de%20Escrita.pdf. Acesso em: 08/09/2018.STERIADE, D. The syllable. In: BRIGHT, W. (ed.) Oxford Encyclopedia of Linguistics. 2002. p. 1-15. Disponível em http://lingphil.mit.edu/papers/steriade/Steriade2002SyllableOEL.pdf. Acesso em 25/10/2018.VELOSO, J. A língua na escrita e a escrita da língua. Algumas considerações gerais sobre transparência e opacidade fonémicas na escrita do português e outras questões. In: Da Investigação às Práticas. Estudos de Natureza Educacional, vol. VI (1), 2005, p. 49-69. Recebido em 22-11-2018Aceito em 22-02-2019
COMPARISON OF HEMODYNAMIC STABILITY WITH CISATRACURIUM AND ATRACURIUM IN PATIENTS WITH LOW EJECTION FRACTION UNDERGOING CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING
Authors: Naseer Mehwish , Bashir Imran , Paracha Vaqar Ilahi , Ahmad Kaleem , Chaudhry Imtiaz Ahmed , Ahmed Tahseen 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the hemodynamic stability with cisatracurium and atracurium in patients with low ejection fraction undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesiology, Army Cardiac Center, Lahore, from Jan 2018 to Nov 2018.
Methodology: A total of 80 adult patients were recruited or invited to participate in this study. Further the cohort was divided in to two groups with respect to their treatment by draw method. Group I contained a total of 40 patients, which were given Cisatracurium 0.2mg/kg at induction of anesthesia. The group II patients constitute the same number but the treatment medication given was 0.5mg/kg Atracurium at induction.
Results: Before anesthesia induction, pulse rate was 84.10 ± 5.54 bpm and 83.01 ± 5.72 bpm in group A and B, respectively (p=0.385). At 4 minutes after anesthesia induction, pulse rate was 83.05 ± 5.58 bpm and 86.37 ± 6.62 bpm in group A and B, respectively (p=0.017). Before anesthesia induction, mean arterial pressure was 71.07 ± 7.62 mmHg and 69.22 ± 10.77 mmHg in group A and B, respectively (p=0.378). At 4 minutes after anesthesia induction, mean arterial pressure was 68.22 ± 8.17 mmHg and 72.20 ± 8.09 mmHg in group A and B, respectively (p=0.032) table-II.
Conclusion: We may conclude from our study that although there is significant difference of the change in arterial blood pressure due to the both drugs. The group A was having more stable hemodynamic indexes where the drug administrated was Cisatracurium.Keywords: , , , , .
EARLY MORTALITY & MORBIDITY IN MITRAL VALVE REPLACEMENT WITH TOTAL SUB-VALVULAR APPARATUS PRESERVATION, PARTIAL PRESERVATION AND NO PRESERVATION - A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Ashfaq Muhammad , Ali Nasir , Janjua Asif Mahmood , Khan Naser Ali , Ashgar Muhammad Imran , Ullah Kifayat , Javed Yasir 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the early morbidity & mortality of total sub-valvular apparatus preservation technique vs partial preservation technique and no preservation technique in mitral valve replacement.
Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology Rawalpindi, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2018.
Methodology: One hundred fifty seven patients who underwent Mitral valve replacement were included in study. These patients were divided into three groups; group “A” comprised of those patients with total subvalvular apparatus preservation (n1=46), group “B” comprised of those patients with partial sub-valvular apparatus preservation (n2=70), group “C” comprised of those patients with no sub-valvular apparatus preservation(n3=41).
Results: There were no statistical difference in the pre-operative data of the patients. No statistical difference noted in cross clamp & bypass time (p>0.05). The early morbidity in terms of ICU stay, Ventilation time, Inotropic supports, post-operative bleeding, Blood transfusion, postoperative rhythm abnormality & Re-exploration were statically significant (p<0.05). The mortality rate of patients with total sub-valvular apparatus preservation was 2.17% which is significantly less than those with partial preservation (2.85%) & no preservation (9.75%).
Conclusions: Mitral valve replacement with total subvalvular apparatus preservation had low postoperative morbidity & mortality in comparison with partial and no preservation techniques.
FREQUENCY OF UNIDENTIFIED DIABETES MELLITUS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Rashdi Amna , Ali Jahanzab , Ahmed Ayaz , Shahzad Syed Khurram , Shahzad Khurram , Usman Ahmad 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of unidentified Diabetes Mellitus in Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Army Cardiac Centre Lahore, Lahore, from Jan 2020 to Feb 2020.
Methodology: Patients (male and females) with acute myocardial infarction both ST Elevation MI and non-ST Elevation MI presenting to cardiac centre were included through consecutive non probability sampling technique. Patients with gestation diabetes mellitus and diabetes type I were excluded. Data was collected through detailed questionnaire covering the necessary variables. Distribution of unrecognized diabetes in these patients were determined through Blood Sugar Fasting and HBA1c levels undersigned by the classified Pathologist.
Results: Over the study period, a total of 150 patients were included. 68.6% were males with 40.6% patients suffering from STEMI and 28% with NSTEMI. Among 31.2% females, 12.6% patients had STEMI and 18.6% had NSTEMI. Out of total patients, 40% were known case of diabetes, 26.6% were newly diagnosed diabetics, normoglycemic were 23.3% and impaired fasting blood glucose levels was present in 10% patients. Total 40 (26.6%) patients were those who were first diagnosed diabetes during admission for acute MI management. In unidentified diabetic group STEMI was more common than NSTEMI with male predominance.
Conclusion: There is a high frequency of unrecognized diabetes mellitus in patients with acute Myocardial infarction in our population. Therefore, in high risk patients for ischemic heart disease, screening for diabetes is routinely suggested to take timely preventive efforts and avoid complications.
FREQUENCY OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR INFARCTION AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ACUTE INFERIOR WALL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Samin Ariz , Ali Nasir , Farhan Shaheer , Mustafa Syed Hassan , Javaid Mahnoor , Malik Saqib , Khan Sajid , Arshad Saamia , Touqeer Mahwish , Tuyyab Farhan 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of right ventricular infarction among patients with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction.
Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from, Jan 2017 to Sep 2017.
Methodology: A total of 163 patients aged 18-75 years and admitted to coronary care unit (CCU) with first attack of acute inferior wall myocardial infarction, were recruited through non probability purposive sampling. Electrocardiogram and Echo were performed of all patients and their findings were noted for the frequency of right ventricular infarction in acute inferior wall myocardial infarction.
Results: There were 117 (72%) males and 46 (28%) females. Patients were stratified according to their age in four groups i.e. 13 (8%) patients were less than 40 years of age, 26 (16%) patients were aged between 41 and 50 years, 46 (28%) patients were aged between 51 and 60 years of age and 78 (48%) patients were above 60 years of age. Mean ± SD was 60 ± 1.28. Out of 163 patients, 44 (27%) had right ventricular infarction while 119 (73%) did not have right ventricular infarction.
Conclusion: The frequency of right ventricular infraction among patients presenting with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction was 27%.