bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative stopping power measurements and prosthesis artifacts reduction in proton CT
Authors: Civinini Carlo , Scaringella Monica , Brianzi Mirko , Intravaia Matteo , Randazzo Nunzio , Sipala Valeria , Rovituso Marta , Tommasino Francesco , Schwarz Marco , Bruzzi Mara 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present a set-up for proton computed tomography (pCT), composed of a microstrip silicon tracker and a YAG:Ce calorimeter, able to directly measure the relative stopping power (RSP) maps to be used in hadron therapy. The system, tested with an electron density phantom at the Trento proton Therapy Center, is able to correlate measured and expected RSP with discrepancies of the order of 1% or less. Furthermore, pCT tomographies of an anthropomorphous head phantom taken with our device, when compared with x-ray CT images of the same object, evidence a significant reduction of artifacts induced by titanium spinal bone prosthesis and tungsten dental filling.
Alpha particle ripple loss in CFETR steady-state scenario
Authors: Zhao Rui , Wang Zheng-Xiong , Wang Feng , Hao Bao-Long , Team CFETR 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Confinement of alpha particles is one of the key issues of burning plasma in tokamaks. Due to the discreteness of the toroidal field (TF) coils, the loss alpha particles induced by TF ripple can cause a strong heat load on the first wall. In this work, by using the guiding center code ORBIT, we investigated alpha particle TF ripple loss in Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) steady-state scenario (v20190422), in which both the initial distribution and classical steady-state slowing down distribution of alpha particles are considered. Effects of TF ripple on three particle loss mechanisms, namely prompt loss, ripple well trapping loss and stochastic diffusion loss, are analyzed in detail. Through comparison, it is found that the stochastic diffusion is the main mechanism of alpha particle ripple loss. Moreover, the toroidal and poloidal profiles of the heat load on the first wall are calculated and compared with the safety threshold of CFETR. In addition, a comparison study of alpha particle ripple loss in the hybrid scenario (v20190422) has been carried out. It is found that both total particle loss fraction and maximum heat load in the steady-state scenario are approximately 50% larger than those in the hybrid scenario.
Alternative design strategy and multi-material integration in the development of biologically-inspired soft robots: a proof-of-concept
Authors: Romanò Jacopo , Lazzari Fabio , Garavaglia Lorenzo , Pittaccio Simone 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the feasibility and consequences of using complex, nonlinear geometries in the manufacturing of soft robots actuated with shape memory alloys (SMAs). Anatomically-informed shaping of the functional elements was exploited to design the components of a finger-like soft robot. The SMAs were characterised and selected to provide the device actuation. This process involved thermo-mechanical tests to obtain material parameters for a finite element method model, which was then used to carry out a comparative analysis of different actuator shapes. Additive manufacturing and multi-material integration were then exploited to manufacture the device. The soft robot actuation was characterised using a combined thermal and motion-capture-based analysis. The paper presents a shape-mediated design strategy to obtain soft actuation in an integrated multi-material through the introduction of conjugated nonlinear shapes for the constituents and a spatially-changing relationship between their sections/stiffnesses.
A new invertible model of magnetorheological damper based on sigmoid function
Authors: Lu Hongwei , Xu Zhongming , Gao Kaizhan , Zhang Zhifei , Li Zhi , Xie Jujiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
As an intelligent device, the magnetorheological (MR) damper has received extensive attention in many fields. However, in the real-time control system, it is still extremely necessary to develop a simple, accurate and invertible dynamic model of the MR damper. In this work, a new invertible MR dynamic model based on sigmoid function is proposed. According to the experimental data of a common MR damper, it is assumed that the damping force at zero velocity under constant current is only related to current and independent of the excitation frequency. The preliminary sigmoid model based on this hypothesis can better adapt to different frequency excitations while reducing the complexity of the model. In addition, according to the parameter analysis of the proposed preliminary model, the relationship between the parameters and the input current is reasonably simplified, so that the final model can meet reversibility requirements in the control system while ensuring accuracy. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed model, it is compared with the existing sigmoid models from the literature. The results show that the proposed model has certain advantages in the number of parameters, accuracy and reversibility, which is suitable for the real-time control system.
Application Research on Quality Stability Control of a Spray Drying Tower for Naphthalene Superplasticizer based on Siemens PLC
Authors: Xie Yonghui , Liu Ruchun , Wang Xiaojun , Hou Xujie , Shi Qinghai 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article introduced a control scheme based on Siemens PLC to handle the quality stability issue in operation of the spray drying tower for Naphthalene Superplasticizer. A series feed-forward control scheme is proposed to solve the problems of water content fluctuation of naphthalene series water reducer slurry and solid content fluctuation caused by frequent and wide range fluctuation of gas pressure as fuel. The practical application shows that the control scheme can handle the fluctuation of water content well.
Distribution Model of Time Between Failures in CNC System
Authors: Lu Guiyou 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the fault data of 50 CNC milling machine CNC systems are used. By observing the scatter plot of the probability density function and distribution function of the time between faults, the type of the distribution model is initially selected. After the inspection, the distribution model of CNC system failure interval time was established, and the three main reliability indexes were evaluated.
Identification of Isomorphism in Multistage Planetary Gear Trains
Authors: Wang Jungang , Yang Shinan , Liu Yande , Mo Ruina , Zeng Liping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Isomorphism identification of kinematic chains occupies an important place in the field of mechanism structure synthesis. A method to identify the isomorphism of multistage planetary gear trains is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the structure topology model and the corresponding link-link adjacency matrix are presented, to describe the schematic diagram of multistage planetary gear trains. Then, based on the hamming number method, the hamming number matrix is obtained by the link-link adjacency matrix, and the hamming value of link, the hamming number and the hamming strings of multistage planetary gear trains are introduced, which can determine whether the multistage planetary gear trains is isomorphic or not. The study shows that this work is beneficial to the development of new multistage planetary gear trains.
Feeder Layout Optimization and Feeding Sequence Optimization in High Speed and High Precision Placement Machine
Authors: Huang Yinhua , Zhao Lianxing , Liu Peng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
As for the multi-optimization mutual coupling process optimization for mounting production with multiple 1210 or1812 resistor components and the relatively low nozzle requirement, a fast multi-objective hierarchical optimization method with low matching requirement for parallel nozzle and placement sequence optimization is proposed. In the hierarchical structure, the nozzle optimization is constructed as a 0-1 integer programming optimization model for the first master hierarchy. In the second hierarchical, feeder optimization and picking order are parallel optimized based on the first hierarchy optimization. The respective problems related algorithm strategies have been proposed. The engineering experiments show that this Feeder layout optimization and Feeding sequence optimization method can significantly improve the overall performance of the multi-head placement machine with high speed and high precision.
Research on 3D virtual display method of American style modern home furnishing
Authors: Wu Juan , Feng XiYe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The theme of this paper is to design a 109 square meter three bedroom and two hall house with plane plan and 3D display of soft decoration. The purpose of this paper is to create a comfortable American style modern home environment for the householder. The key content of the home design is the design of the plan: including the removal of the wall, the plane layout, the ceiling size, the ground pavement, the lighting circuit and the erection Face; soft decoration: including sofa, dining table, chair, bed, cabinet, adornment and other material appearance and color matching.
Extension Intelligence for Process Manufacturing
Authors: Li Xingsen , Guo Hengfa , Chen Siyuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) is supporting much innovation in intelligent manufacturing in the ubiquitous network information environment, while there are still many problems such as production quality vs costs to produce, and new intelligent theory and method is needed. Based on Extenics, we put forward the concept of Extension Intelligence and analyse the characteristics of extension intelligence, then present its implementation path and steps for the application. Multi-dimensional information and knowledge will be extended from the industrial big data of manufacturing system and the Internet to build the basic-element model in order to deal with engineering problems by extension and transformation algorithms. The application proves the validity of Extension Intelligence.
Research on Framework of Fault Prognostics and Health Management System for Complex System
Authors: Junbin Shi , Huanxi Cai , Xianming Jiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the framework of fault prognostics and health management for complex systems. Aiming at the problems of lack of effective organization and management of fault diagnosis resources and low resource sharing rate, this paper analyzes the characteristics of complex system and the shortcomings of traditional diagnosis mode, puts forward the service-oriented PHM system architecture, studies the system service mode and characteristics, analyzes the key technologies and main function modules of establishing the system, and carries out public PHM system service level for complex equipment field Taiwan research provides a new way of thinking.
Study on the metal flow behaviour of deformation areas of large ring radial-axial rolling process
Authors: Cheng S X , Gu R J , Du X B , Shao G D , Yang D X , Yang B 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Ring radial-axial rolling technology is the best method to produce high quality large seamless ring. The metal flow behaviour of deformation areas of large ring radial-axial rolling process is studied. It is found that the fishtail pit of up-down surface of the ring section arises after the section passes through radial rolling area and that of in-out surface of the ring section arises after the section passes through axial rolling area. In order to gain better ring section, single radial rolling process is needed to remove the fishtail pit of in-out surface after double radial-axial rolling process. The study is very useful to constitute the process scheme of large ring radial-axial rolling.
Selection and strength check on fasteners of protective structure in cryogenic wind tunnel
Authors: Yuan-jia Song , Huan Lai , Wan-hua Chen , Wei Zhang , Yu Hou 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Protective structure, acted as a substructure of internal insulation system in cryogenic wind tunnel, is in possession of such advantages of isolating insulation unit from cryogenic medium and reducing cold energy loss. However, the protective structure is continuously subjected to alternating pressure during the operation of cryogenic wind tunnel. Thus, the type selection and strength check on connecting fastener, acted as weak bearing component in protective structure, are investigated. Firstly, according to the composition of protective structure, three key connecting positions are determined and the corresponding connecting fasteners are selected. Then, according to the cryogenic wind tunnel working condition, the theoretical mechanical models of connecting fasteners are built under different working conditions. Finally, involving the force and moment balance, mechanics analysis and strength check are conducted on connecting fasteners. The obtained results show that the selected fasteners are conformed to the strength requirement of cryogenic wind tunnel in service, which paves the way for building the cryogenic wind tunnel in the future.
Research on SOC estimation of battery based on BP neural network
Authors: Liu Qian , Shen Yan-Jin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
State of charge (SOC) estimation is the core function of the battery management system of new energy vehicles. In this paper, BP neural network algorithm is used to estimate the real-time SOC value of the battery according to the working voltage, current, temperature, internal resistance and SOC of the previous moment. In order to improve the estimation accuracy, the initial weights and thresholds of BP neural network are optimized by genetic algorithm. The test results show that the estimation error of the optimized neural network is significantly reduced.
Approximate Stiffness Element Method for Complex Section Beam Modeling
Authors: Huang Xinshen , Li Hao , Zhang Zhenkun , Zheng Jianguo , Pei Hailong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a finite element method of simulating complex section beam element with approximate stiffness element is presented. By establishing an approximate stiffness element, the basic mechanical properties of the element are equivalent to the original complex section beam element’s. The approximate stiffness element has several sub-section beam elements, which intersect with other beam elements in space. The problem that missing of intersection points among complex section beam and other beams, which is caused by using conventional beam element, is solved. The error between the approximate stiffness element and the original complex section beam element is analyzed by theoretical deduction, and the feasibility and accuracy of the approximate stiffness element method are verified by the physical test of a bus body.
Sealing Analysis of Joint Surface of Transmission Case of An Electric Vehicle
Authors: Long Y , Wang H X , Sun Z D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In view of the oil leakage failure of the joint surface of the transmission case of an electric vehicle, a contact non-linear finite element method was used to analyze the tightness of the joint surface of the transmission case of an electric vehicle. Based on the workbench software, a finite element model of the transmission case is established. Determining the sealing performance of the case by calculating the distribution of the surface pressure and the opening of the case under static and high-speed conditions. Two optimization methods are proposed. The first method is to widen the box contact area of the oil leakage area; the second method is to increase the tightening bolts in the oil seepage area. After comparing the data obtained by the two optimization methods with the original data, it shows that reducing the sealing bolt spacing and widening the sealing surface where the sealing performance is poor makes the sealing performance greatly improved. This method provides an effective way to determine the tightness of the transmission case, provides a basis for optimal design, and lays the foundation for experimental research.
Dynamic Performance and Fatigue Analysis of ASP Pump Rotor
Authors: Qichen Niu , Gongxue Zhang , Yanhui Meng , Sen Yang , Yinfeng Tuo , Zhi Ma 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, static analysis, modal analysis and harmonic response analysis are carried out on the rotor structure of single-stage double-suction centrifugal pump. The fatigue life of the rotating shaft was analyzed with the nCode Designlife module in ANSYS. The results show that the maximum equivalent stress is greater than the allowable stress of the material and is located at the journal of the transmission torque connected with the coupling. The maximum deformation also occurs here at 0.4857mm. The axis of rotation is liable to resonate at the first natural frequency of the non-rigid body. The frequency which has the greatest influence on the vibration of the rotating shaft is near the third and fourth order natural frequencies of modal analysis and should be avoided. The minimum number of circulation at the maximum stress is 1.785e7 times, and other positions are above 1014 times. The results show that the pump group works stably under the design condition and the rotor performance meets the design requirements.
Error Prediction of CMM Using a Hybrid Model Based on Neural Network Quantile Regression and Kernel Density Estimation
Authors: Wu Haiting , Zhang Mei , Li Guihua , Zhao Haifeng , Wu Xiaoping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The sources of dynamic measurement error of CMM are complex and influence each other and the traditional parameter modeling method is very difficult to model. In this paper, we propose a hybrid model which combines neural network quantile regression and kernel density estimation. The hybrid model realizes the advantages of multi-angle analysis, nonlinear fitting data and non-parametric error prediction. We use this model to analyze the complex relationship between dynamic measurement error value and 3d coordinates, positioning velocity, proximity distance and contact velocity. The results show that our model has good predictive performance and is superior to the least squares estimation model.
Measurement of mechanical properties of carp scales based on digital image correlation method
Authors: Fu Zhongnan , Ma Wanlong , Zhu Tiantian , Ye Pei , Li Guihua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
As a kind of high quality natural material, the structure and mechanical properties of fish scale have been widely concerned. At present, there are few researches on fish scales in China, and most of them focus on the composition and nutritional value of fish scales, while there are few researches on their mechanical properties and microstructure. In this paper, based on the digital image correlation method and a set of self-built strain measurement system, the tensile strain of fish scale specimens was measured, and the fish scale specimens after surface speckle treatment were tensile tested and data were collected. The mechanical properties of fish scales in the uniaxial drawing process were studied and analyzed, and the microscopic images showed that the tensile strength of fish scales was related to the number of collagen fiber layers in their inner layers.
A research on evaluation and development of single-pedal function for electric vehicle based on PID
Authors: Yongqiang Zhao , Xin Zhang , Jiashi Li , Haitao Huo , Teng Ma , Chunyu Zhou 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The pure electric vehicle can be driven and regenerative braked by motor, so the development of single-pedal function which is realised by motor torque and evaluation on drivability of electric vehicle is researched in this paper. Driver can launch, accelerate, brake even park only by operating accelerator pedal. Single-pedal function is researched based on PID and Co-simulation using Matlab/Simulink and Carsim. Evaluation standards and indexes about drivability of electric vehicle with sing-pedal are developed which is implemented on a real vehicle. The research can support the optimization and development of single-pedal function for electric vehicle.
Study on the forward slip of cup with variable wall thickness during roll forming
Authors: Zhang Baohong , Hu Bin , Zhang Zhimin , Zhao Xi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Based on the principle of plastic forming, the metal flow of cup with variable wall thickness during roll forming is analyzed, and the formula of its coefficient of forward slip is derived. By comparing with the numerical simulation results, the correction formula of the coefficient of forward slip at the rim of roller is obtained. The correction formula is verified by experiment. The results show that the error between the theoretical and experimental value is 4.5%, and the agreement between them is good. This research provides a basis for the design of the roller groove for the roll forming of cup with variable wall thickness.
Electromagnetic and FEM analysis of a novel electric driving knitting needle of moving coil stack PMLM schema
Authors: Liangzhi Fan , Xiangyang Zhou , Shilin Wu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A novel electric driving knitting needle of moving coil PMLM schema is put forward in this paper. Magnet elements are arranged in a matrix form and 3-phase coil windings are epoxy packaged as the knitting needles that reciprocating along the air gaps inside the magnet matrix. Both the static magnetic flux density in air gaps and the unbalanced magnetic force on each magnet element are put forward in analytical formula. 2D and 3D FEM analysis have been carried out both in static magnetic field analysis and transient electromagnetic field analysis. It’s verified that both the structure rigidity and the motion performance are safe, and the performance of approximately 7 N peak hauling force and 20 mm movement at 20 Hz are able to be fulfilled. Future research will be reported and focused on the prototyping and the driving circuit & control strategy.
Solidification forming and numerical simulation of 90° wear-resistant bend with high-vanadium cast iron
Authors: Chen P H , Zhang Y , Li R Q 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Casting defects and macro-segregation had greatly affected the product quality. This paper revealed the effects of the arrangement of the gating system and superheat of molten iron on solid fracture, shrinkage porosity, cooling cracks, and effective stress-strain by simulation with the commercial software Pro-cast. Optimized parameters were used to produce a batch of 90° bends. The microstructure of an as-cast bend was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the service life of the bend was evaluated with delivery capacity. Simulation results showed that a 30° arranged location on the outer bend and superheat of 60 K comprised the optimized parameters. A batch of bends were produced with the optimized casting system and superheat, and in contrast to the simulation results. The simulation results were in accordance with the experimental results. In addition, the delivery capacity of high-vanadium cast iron, which was heat-treated using Quenching-partitioning process, was 26000 m3 and the economic costs were effectively reduced.