bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Self‐Reported and Biological Measures of Nicotine Consumption Among Young Adult Nondaily Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Doran Neal , Correa John B. , Myers Mark G. , Tully Lyric 
Published: May 2020

Background and ObjectivesIntermittent, dual use of cigarettes and e‐cigarettes is a common pattern among youth and young adults. However, little is known about the validity of self‐report measures of nicotine consumption in these populations. The goal of the present study was to examine associations between self‐reported frequency of cigarette and e‐cigarette use and nicotine levels in hair samples at two assessments 1 year apart.MethodsParticipants (n = 90; 65% female) were 19‐ to 25‐year‐old intermittent cigarette smokers recruited from the community for a longitudinal study of tobacco use. They submitted hair samples via mail, 1 and 2 years after enrollment in the parent study.ResultsFindings indicated that days of use of both cigarettes and e‐cigarettes in the past 30 days independently predicted hair nicotine in the full sample, and when examining only timepoints at which any cigarette use was reported. Timepoints when any e‐cigarette use was reported, hair nicotine was positively associated with e‐cigarette but not cigarette frequency.Discussion and ConclusionsData suggest that self‐report measures are valid methods of assessing intermittent use of both cigarettes and e‐cigarettes. Findings also suggest that dual users may tend to consume more nicotine and thus be at greater risk for dependence than single product users.Scientific SignificanceThese results are among the first to indicate that hair analysis can be used to detect intermittent nicotine exposure via both cigarettes and e‐cigarettes. (Am J Addict 2020;29:471–475)
Molecular profiling of a primary cutaneous signet‐ring cell/histiocytoid carcinoma of the eyelid
Authors: Raghavan Shyam S. , Clark Melissa , Louie Christine Y. , Jensen Kristin C. , Dietrich Brian , Beadle Beth Michelle , El‐Sawy Tarek , Baik Fred , Kunder Christian A. , Brown Ryanne A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPrimary cutaneous signet‐ring cell/histiocytoid carcinoma of the eyelid is a rare and aggressive neoplasm. Fewer than 50 cases have been reported in the literature, and the genetic driving mutations are unknown. Herein, we present a case of this rare disease along with the results of molecular profiling via targeted next‐generation sequencing. The patient is an 85‐year‐old man who presented with left eyelid swelling initially thought to be a chalazion. After no response to incision and drainage and antibiotics, an incisional biopsy was performed. Histopathologic sections revealed a proliferation of cells with signet‐ring and histiocytoid morphology arranged singly and in cords infiltrating the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle. The lesional cells strongly expressed cytoplasmic cytokeratin 7 and nuclear androgen receptor. Next‐generation sequencing revealed aCDH1mutation, which is known to confer signet‐ring morphology in other carcinomas. Pathogenic mutations inNTRK3,CDKN1B, andPIK3CAwere also detected. To our knowledge, this is the first documented genetic analysis of this rare disease with findings that offer insights into disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.
Alcohol use in times of the COVID 19: Implications for monitoring and policy
Authors: Rehm Jürgen , Kilian Carolin , Ferreira‐Borges Carina , Jernigan David , Monteiro Maristela , Parry Charles D. H. , Sanchez Zila M. , Manthey Jakob 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBased on a literature search undertaken to determine the impacts of past public health crises, and a systematic review of the effects of past economic crises on alcohol consumption, two main scenarios—with opposite predictions regarding the impact of the current COVID‐19 pandemic on the level and patterns of alcohol consumption—are introduced. The first scenario predicts an increase in consumption for some populations, particularly men, due to distress experienced as a result of the pandemic. A second scenario predicts the opposite outcome, a lowered level of consumption, based on the decreased physical and financial availability of alcohol. With the current restrictions on alcohol availability, it is postulated that, for the immediate future, the predominant scenario will likely be the second, while the distress experienced in the first may become more relevant in the medium‐ and longer‐term future. Monitoring consumption levels both during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic will be necessary to better understand the effects of COVID‐19 on different groups, as well as to distinguish them from those arising from existing alcohol control policies.
Evidence for early arousal‐based differentiation of emotions in children’s musical production
Authors: Kragness Haley E. , Eitel Matthew J. , Baksh Ammaarah M. , Trainor Laurel J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAccurate perception and production of emotional states is important for successful social interactions across the lifespan. Previous research has shown that when identifying emotion in faces, preschool children are more likely to confuse emotions that share valence, but differ in arousal (e.g. sadness and anger) than emotions that share arousal, but differ on valence (e.g. anger and joy). Here, we examined the influence of valence and arousal on children's production of emotion in music. Three‐, 5‐ and 7‐year‐old children recruited from the greater Hamilton area (N = 74) ‘performed’ music to produce emotions using a self‐pacing paradigm, in which participants controlled the onset and offset of each chord in a musical sequence by repeatedly pressing and lifting the same key on a MIDI piano. Key press velocity controlled the loudness of each chord. Results showed that (a) differentiation of emotions by 5‐year‐old children was mainly driven by arousal of the target emotion, with differentiation based on both valence and arousal at 7 years and (b) tempo and loudness were used to differentiate emotions earlier in development than articulation. The results indicate that the developmental trajectory of emotion understanding in music may differ from the developmental trajectory in other domains.
Whose reading matters? Rereading Exodus 1 in the context of African (South African) women
Authors: Masenya (Ngwan'a Mphahlele) Madipoane 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe narrative of the interaction of African (South African) women and the Bible is first situated within the framework of the folktale of the Lion and the Rabbit. The theme of the multiplication of (male) babies as featured in Exodus 1 is then re‐read through the hermeneutical lenses of African (South African) women's experiences. If Exodus 1 is read in family‐oriented cultures like that of ancient Israel and Africa, what insights may be gleaned? Which reading(s) may emerge? Will the resultant readings matter especially to African (South) African women? The preceding questions, will be engaged with in this essay.
Churches in transforming mission: A story of Lutheran communion in Africa
Authors: Mungure Elieshi Ayo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe argument of this paper is that the legacy of “ecclesia semper reformanda” (churches in a continued reformation and renewal) in Africa should not only transform the theological perspective of the Lutheran communion, but also take stock of the diaconal, social, economic and political realities of its members. In other words, a theology done in Africa needs tools and methodologies that are more comprehensive.
Companion planting to attract pollinators increases the yield and quality of strawberry fruit in gardens and allotments
Authors: Griffiths‐Lee Janine , Nicholls Elizabeth , Goulson Dave 
Published: May 2020

1. Global pollinator declines have led to concern that crop yields might fall as a result of a pollination deficit. Companion planting is a traditional practice thought to increase yield of insect pollinated crops by planting a co‐flowering species next to the crop.2. Using a combination of conventional researcher‐led experiments and observational citizen scientist data, we tested the effectiveness of bee‐friendly borage (Borago officinalis) as a companion plant to strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). Insect visitors to the ‘Test’ (strawberry + borage) versus ‘Control’ (strawberry only) plants were observed, and strawberry fruit collected. Strawberries collected during the researcher‐led experiment were also subject to fruit measurements and assessments of market quality.3. Companion plants were found to significantly increase both yield and market quality of strawberries, suggesting an increase in insect pollination per plant. Test strawberries companion planted with borage produced an average of 35% more fruits, and 32% increased yield by weight. Test strawberry plants produced significantly more fruit of higher aesthetic quality when assessed by Marketing Standards for Strawberries.4. Although there was no significant difference in the overall insect visits, when broken down by broad insect group there were significantly more flies visiting the test strawberries than controls.5. These results could have implications for both gardeners and commercial growers. As consumers prefer a cosmetically perfect fruit, the production of fruit with increased aesthetics aids food waste reduction.
Survival of native seedlings planted by volunteers: The Lower Cotter, ACT case study
Authors: Hnatiuk Sarah , Rayner Ian , Brookhouse Matthew , Freudenberger David 
Published: May 2020

SummaryVolunteer labour is often used for planting native seedlings for revegetation projects. The survival of such plantings is seldom monitored and reported. The overall survival of seedlings at three years of age was assessed for eight years of plantings established by nearly 15,000 volunteers in the Lower Cotter River catchment in the Australian Capital Territory. Mean survival was 66.8% across all years. We conclude that volunteers can be effectively integrated into large‐scale revegetation projects if they are well trained and organised.
Erenumab Efficacy on Comorbid Cluster Headache in Patients With Migraine: A Real‐World Case Series
Authors: Silvestro Marcello , Tessitore Alessandro , Scotto di Clemente Fabrizio , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Russo Antonio 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundMonoclonal antibodies (mABs) against calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor have emerged as effective and well‐tolerated preventive medications for migraine. The key role played by CGRP has been recently demonstrated also in the pathophysiology of cluster headache (CH), paving the way for studies aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mABs targeting CGRP also in CH. However, no trials have been conducted so far to test the efficacy and tolerability of erenumab as CH preventive treatment.Case SeriesWe describe the cases of 5 patients with both migraines and CH with previous failures of preventive treatments. All patients were treated with monthly erenumab (70 or 140 mg) showing good results not only on migraine but also on CH attacks frequency and intensity. Improvements of both intensity and frequency of CH attacks occurred only after at least 3 months of treatment, with monthly erenumab 140 mg, suggesting that longer treatment and higher doses are needed in CH in comparison to migraine.Discussion and ConclusionOur findings support the efficacy and tolerability of monthly erenumab 140 mg as a preventive treatment in patients suffering from both migraines without aura and CH. We speculate that erenumab could represent a low‐risk alternative for CH patients (with or without comorbid migraine) who did not tolerate common CH preventatives therapies or for whom the therapies were not successful. Certainly, randomized trials are needed to confirm these observations and we hope that our data, showing a delayed therapeutic effect only with the highest dose of erenumab (140 mg/month), can be taken into account in designing future trials.
Morphologically high‐grade microcystic adnexal carcinoma: a report of two cases
Authors: Brenn Thomas , Wiedemeyer Katharina , Calonje Eduardo 
Published: May 2020

AimsMicrocystic adnexal carcinoma is a distinctive sweat duct carcinoma of low‐grade malignant potential with a risk for locally destructive growth and local recurrence. Distant metastases and disease‐related mortality are exceptional. The histological hallmarks of these tumours are the diffusely infiltrative growth within the dermis, the frequent invasion of subcutaneous structures, the presence of perineurial invasion, and the bland cytological features. The tumours are organised in cords and strands, and show keratocyst formation and duct differentiation in varying proportions. Marked cytological atypia, nuclear pleomorphism, brisk and atypical mitotic activity and necrosis are not typically seen in these tumours.Methods and resultsWe report two patients presenting with large, slowly growing tumours on the face showing areas of morphologically high‐grade carcinoma arising on a background of unequivocal microcystic adnexal carcinoma. Both patients are alive with follow‐up of up to 6 years, with no evidence of disease.ConclusionsMorphologically high‐grade transformation in microcytic adnexal carcinoma is a rare phenomenon that does not appear to confer a risk for aggressive behaviour. Recognition depends on sampling of the areas of conventional microcystic adnexal carcinoma.
Grading of prostate cancer: the impact of including intraductal carcinoma on the overall Grade Group assigned in diagnostic biopsies
Authors: Chen‐Maxwell Daphne , Prendeville Susan 
Published: May 2020

AimsThe Gleason score/Grade Group (GrG) is a key parameter for clinical decision‐making in prostate cancer. The World Health Organization currently recommends that intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDCP) should not be factored into the GrG; however, grading of IDCP is controversial, with variability among genitourinary pathologists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of grading of the IDCP component on the final GrG in prostate biopsies.Methods and resultsThe study included 123 prostate biopsies (12 cores +/− additional MRI‐targeted cores) with GrG1–GrG4 invasive carcinoma and IDCP. All cases were graded by a genitourinary pathologist using two different methods: (i) grading of invasive carcinoma only; and (ii) grading of both invasive carcinoma and IDCP. The overall GrG, excluding the IDCP component, was GrG1 in 3% (n = 4) of cases, GrG2 in 37% (n = 45), GrG3 in 52% (n = 64), and GrG4 in 8% (n = 10). When the IDCP component was included in grading, the overall GrG changed in 28 cases (23%). The GrG increased by one grade in 15 of 28 cases (54%), and by two or more grades in 13 of 28 cases (46%). Upgrading was due to comedonecrosis (39%, 11/28), solid growth (4%, 1/28), or an increased proportion of Gleason grade 4 (57%, 16/28).ConclusionsAlthough the GrG was unchanged in the majority of cases, grading of IDCP altered the final GrG in a significant minority of biopsies in this series, and often by more than one grade, which may have important implications for risk categorisation of individual patients. These findings highlight the need for consensus on grading of IDCP in routine practice, and the optimal method of incorporating IDCP into clinical risk models for patient management.
Identification of acquiredPIGAmutations and additional variants by next‐generation sequencing in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Li Jing , Lin Yani , Chen Long , Qin Li , Tan Hao , Zou Junyan , Zhang Donglei , Nie Yanbo , Wang Guangjuan , Zhang Hong , Liu Enbin , Chen Xuejing , Ru Kun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionParoxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal disease of hematopoietic stem cells. It is caused by somatic mutation of the X‐linkedPIGAgene, resulting in a deficient expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored proteins (GPI‐APs). In this study, we aimed to explore the diagnostic value of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and potential molecular basis in PNH patients.MethodsGenomic DNA of 85 PNH patients was analyzed by a 114‐gene NGS panel.ResultsMutational analysis ofPIGAidentified 124 mutations in 92% PNH patients, including 101 distinct mutations and 23 recurrent mutations. Among them, 102 mutations were newly reported. Most mutations were located in exon 2 ofPIGAgene, and truncated mutation was the most common one. Other mutations were detected in 26 out of 85 cases, including five cases ofDNMT3Avariants, four cases ofASXL1variants, and four cases ofU2AF1variants. Clonal analysis was performed in one case and outlined a linear evolution pattern in classic PNH. There was a positive correlation between number ofPIGAmutations and fraction of GPI‐APs deficient granulocytes.ConclusionThe detection ofPIGAmutations and additional variants by targeted NGS not only shed light on the genetic characteristics of PNH, but also provided an important reference value in the diagnosis of PNH at molecular level.
Health status and healthcare trends of individuals accessing Australian aged care programmes over a decade: the Registry of Senior Australians historical cohort
Authors: Inacio Maria C. , Lang Catherine , Bray Sarah C. E. , Visvanathan Renuka , Whitehead Craig , Griffith Elizabeth C. , Evans Keith , Corlis Megan , Wesselingh Steve 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the health profile, service and medicine use of Australians in the aged care sector will help inform appropriate service provision for our ageing population.AimsTo examine the 2006–2015 trends in (i) comorbidities and frailty of individuals accessing aged care, and (ii) health services, medicine use and mortality after entry into long‐term care.MethodsCross‐sectional and population‐based trend analyses were conducted using the Registry of Senior Australians.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2015, 509 944 individuals accessed permanent residential care, 206 394 home care, 283 014 respite and 124 943 transition care. Over this time, the proportion of individuals accessing permanent residential care with high frailty scores (≥0.3) increased (19.7–49.7%), as did the proportion with 5–9 comorbidities (46.4–54.5%), with similar trends observed for those accessing other services. The median number of medicines dispensed in the year after entering permanent residential care increased from 9 (interquartile range (IQR) 6–12) to 10 (IQR 7–14), while remaining stable in home care (2006: 9, IQR 5–12, 2015: 9, IQR 6–13). Short‐term (within 100 days) mortality in those accessing permanent care was higher in 2006 (15.6%, 95% CI 15.2–16.0) than 2015 (14.6%, 95% CI 14.3–14.9). Longer term (101–1095 days, 2006: 44.3%, 95% CI 43.7–45.0, 2015: 46.4%, 95% CI 45.8–46.9) mortality was higher in 2015 compared to 2006. Mortality in individuals accessing home care did not change.ConclusionThe health of older Australians accessing aged care programmes has declined while frailty increased, with an increasing use of medicine and worse long‐term mortality in some. Funding and care models need to adapt to this changing profile.
Utility of ‘back‐up’ arterio‐venous fistulae in patients on peritoneal dialysis and use of haemodialysis catheters
Authors: Rao Nitesh N. , Borlace Monique , Taylor Rebecca , Matthew Yvonne , Johnson David W. , Jaffrey Lauren , Mudge David W. , Bannister Kym 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients undergoing peritoneal dialysis may require unanticipated transfer to haemodialysis. Back up fistula are often created in selected patients. These may help reduce the infective burden of haemodialysis (HD) catheter.AimTo study the utility of back‐up arterio‐venous fistulae (AVF) in patients initiated on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and to determine the rates of HD catheter use in patients requiring conversion to HD.MethodsData on HD transfer and HD catheter usage were retrospectively analysed in all patients initiating PD between January 2010 and December 2014 at Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH; universal back‐up AVF creation at PD commencement) and Princess Alexandra Hospital (PAH; selective back‐up AVF creation in ‘high risk’ patients).ResultsA total of 374 patients initiated PD during the study period: 142 in RAH group and 232 in PAH group. The groups were reasonably comparable, except that RAH patients were more likely to be older, Caucasian and diabetic. Transfer to HD occurred in 33 (23%) patients in RAH group and 99 (43%) in the PAH group with respective median times to HD transfer of 289 and 295 days. HD catheter usage was required at the time of HD transfer in 11 (33%) patients at RAH and 64 (65%) in patients at PAH (P < 0.001). AVF complications occurred in 13 (9%) patients in RAH group (fistuloplasty n = 8, transposition n = 2, ligation due to ischaemia n = 2 and construction of new AVF n = 1).ConclusionPatients undergoing PD frequently require urgent unanticipated transfer to HD and back‐up AVF can be successfully utilised in this setting in the majority of cases, which in turn can reduce the infective burden of HD catheter exposure.
Highly efficient field emission from aligned ZnO/TiN core‐shell nanorods
Authors: Ma Li An , Lai Wen Zong , Wei Zhao Hui , Chen Yan Bin , Chen Hong Xiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNovel polycrystalline TiN coated ZnO core‐shell heterostructure nanorods have been prepared on carbon paper substrate via a low‐temperature hydrothermal and sputtering process. The core‐shell emitters exhibit a highly efficient field‐emission performance with a low threshold of electric field ∼0.72 V/μm, and a high emission current density ~16.41 mA/cm2, a level that is the highest of ZnO emitters reported to date. The improved field‐emission characteristics may be attributed to the unique materials combination of ZnO core and TiN shell, resulting in the conductivity enhancement, emission sites increase, and the work function reduction. Our results demonstrate that ZnO/TiN core‐shell emitter will be a distinguished candidate for electronic source devices.
Novel yeast extract is superior to colloidal oatmeal in providing rapid itch relief
Authors: Dhurat Rachita , Sharma Aseem , Surve Ravina , McCoy John , Kovacevic Maja , Goren Andy , Tan Yimei , Zou Ying , Goldust Mohamad , Situm Mirna , Stanimirovic Andrija 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundApproximately, 13.5% of the population suffers from chronic itch. Many cosmetic and pharmaceutical treatments for itch are available; however, cosmetic treatments are not reliably effective and most pharmaceutical formulations carry the risk of adverse events with chronic use.AimsPreviously, we have reported a novel extraction process of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, that is, Baker's yeast. The extract obtained from the novel process demonstrates superior anti‐itch properties compared to other yeast extracts. In our previous study, we demonstrated that, after 30 minutes, the extract significantly reduced itch when compared to a placebo lotion (P = .002).MethodsIn the present study we conducted a head‐to‐head comparison with the leading cosmetic itch product: lotion containing colloidal oatmeal (CO). A randomized double‐blinded study of 60 patients was conducted.ResultsIn our study, the novel yeast extract was vastly superior to the CO containing lotion (Aveeno™ Eczema Therapy Moisturizing Cream). We saw statistically significant difference in the reduction of itch (P = .0001) using the novel yeast extract vs the CO lotion. Additionally, the yeast extract was shown to relieve itch in as little as one minute after application.ConclusionThe novel yeast extract rapidly relieves itch and is superior to the cosmetic market leader, CO lotion.