bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A spatial-temporal description of the SARS-CoV-2 infections in Indonesia during the first six months of outbreak
Authors: Aisyah Dewi Nur , Mayadewi Chyntia Aryanti , Diva Haniena , Kozlakidis Zisis , Siswanto  , Adisasmito Wiku 
Published: December 2020

Background
Since the first cases reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. In Indonesia, the first case was reported in early March 2020, and the numbers of confirmed infections have been increasing until now. Efforts to contain the virus globally and in Indonesia are ongoing. This is the very first manuscript using a spatial-temporal model to describe the SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Indonesia, as well as providing a patient profile for all confirmed COVID-19 cases.

Method
Data was collected from the official website of the Indonesia National Task Force for the Acceleration of COVID-19, from the period of 02 March 2020–02 August 2020. The data from RT-PCR confirmed, SARS-CoV-2 positive patients was categorized according to demographics, symptoms and comorbidities based on case categorization (confirmed, recovered, dead). The data collected provides granular and thorough information on time and geographical location for all 34 Provinces across Indonesia.

Results
A cumulative total of 111,450 confirmed cases of were reported in Indonesia during the study period. Of those confirmed cases 67.79% (75,551/111,450) were shown as recovered and 4.83% (5,382/111,450) of them as died. Patients were mostly male (50.52%; 56,300/111,450) and adults aged 31 to 45 years old (29.73%; 33,132/111,450). Overall patient presentation symptoms of cough and fever, as well as chronic disease comorbidities were in line with previously published data from elsewhere in South-East Asia. The data reported here, shows that from the detection of the first confirmed case and within a short time period of 40 days, all the provinces of Indonesia were affected by COVID-19.

Conclusions
This study is the first to provide detailed characteristics of the confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients in Indonesia, including their demographic profile and COVID-19 presentation history. It used a spatial-temporal analysis to present the epidemic spread from the very beginning of the outbreak throughout all provinces in the country. The increase of new confirmed cases has been consistent during this time period for all provinces, with some demonstrating a sharp increase, in part due to the surge in national diagnostic capacity. This information delivers a ready resource that can be used for prediction modelling, and is utilized continuously by the current Indonesian Task Force in order to advise on potential implementation or removal of public distancing measures, and on potential availability of healthcare capacity in their efforts to ultimately manage the outbreak.
Level of sex hormones and their association with acetylsalicylic acid intolerance and nasal polyposis
Authors: Espersen Julia , Weber Ursula , Römer-Franz Ariane , Lenarz Thomas , Stolle Stefan R. O. , Warnecke Athanasia 
Published: December 2020

Background
Chronic rhinosinusitis may be associated with nasal polyposis. Recurrence of disease is often observed and may be due to an intolerance of acetylsalicylic acid. Sex hormones are known to modulate allergic reactions and inflammation. Whether they may be involved in the development and progression of nasal polyposis has not been investigated yet.

Aim
Examine the relationship between levels of sex hormones and nasal polyposis.

Methods
Hormonal levels (estradiol, testosterone and progesterone) in patients with nasal polyposis (n = 26) with or without acetylsalicylic acid-intolerance were determined and compared to hormonal levels in patients with septal deviation (n = 35). Cone-beam computed tomography scans were analysed by using scores as defined by Lund and Mackay and by Kennedy.

Results
Our results show a 5 times greater odds (p = 0.01) for developing nasal polyposis in the presence of lowered estradiol plasma levels than in the presence of normal / elevated levels. When analyzing females and males separately, a 6 times greater odds for females to develop nasal polyposis in the presence of lowered estradiol plasma levels was calculated (p = 0.02). Thus, females are more likely to develop nasal polyposis when they have lowered estradiol levels than males. In addition, female patients showed an increased risk for developing ASA intolerance (p = 0.01).

Conclusion
Variation of sex hormones may be involved in nasal polyposis. Further studies including more patients to validate the presented results are required.

Significance
Retrospective clinical investigation suggesting a correlation between varying sex hormones and nasal polyposis.
Effects of fitness qigong and tai chi on middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Li Xiaoyuan , Si Hongyu , Chen Yamin , Li Shouhao , Yin Ningning , Wang Zhenlong 
Published: December 2020

Currently, qigong and tai chi exercises are the two most common preventive as well as therapeutic interventions for chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the quantitative evaluation of these interventions is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of qigong and tai chi intervention in middle-aged and older adults with T2DM. The study included 103 eligible participants, who were randomized to participate for 12 weeks, in one of the following intervention groups for the treatment of T2DM: fitness qigong, tai chi, and control group. Three biochemical measures, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and C-peptide (C-P) levels, assessed at baseline and 12 weeks, served as the primary outcome measures. During the training process, 16 of the 103 participants dropped out. After the 12-week intervention, there were significant influences on HbA1C (F2,83 = 4.88, p = 0.010) and C-P levels (F2,83 = 3.64, p = 0.031). Moreover, significant reduction in C-P levels was observed after 12-week tai chi practice (p = 0.004). Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between the duration of T2DM and the relative changes in FPG levels after qigong intervention, and the relative changes in HbA1C levels were positively correlated with waist-to-height ratio after tai chi practice. Our study suggests that targeted qigong exercise might have a better interventional effect on patients with a longer duration of T2DM, while tai chi might be risky for people with central obesity.
Trial registration: This trial was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. The registration number is ChiCTR180020069. The public title is “Health-care qigong · study for the prescription of chronic diabetes intervention.”
Video modelling technique used to manage the behaviour of uncooperative children in a dental set up
Authors: Kotian Niharika , Subramanian Erulappan Muthu Ganapathi , Ravindran Vignesh 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To investigate if video modelling is an effective technique in behaviour modelling of a child in a dental set up. Material and Methods: Fifty children aged 4-6 years indicated for pulpectomy were enrolled in this study. They were selected based on their behaviour using Frankl behaviour rating scale. Children with Frankl behaviour rating 1 and 2 were selected for this study. The video of a child who was cooperative while undergoing pulpectomy was shown to these children. The behaviour was assessed using Frankl behaviour rating scale after the video was shown to the children included in the study. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the behaviour rating score of the children before after the video of the cooperative child was shown to them. Conclusion: It was observed that video modelling is an effective technique in managing the behaviour of an uncooperative child in a dental set up.
Keywords
Video modelling; Behaviour management; Fear; Anxiety; Pediatric dentistry.
O Livro de Artista: potencialidades pedagógicas no ensino do desenho
Authors: Regatão José 
Published: December 2020

O livro de artista é uma modalidade de expressão que tem crescido de popularidade entre artistas plásticos que reconheceram as potencialidades expressivas deste suporte para a criação artística. Neste artigo pretendemos apresentar os aspetos pedagógicos da utilização do livro de artista no ensino da disciplina de desenho, refletindo sobre a utilização deste instrumento no âmbito da educação artística e analisando os resultados da sua aprendizagem. Enquanto espaço experimental por natureza, o livro de artista permite uma grande diversidade de abordagens e formatos, sendo por esse motivo um suporte ideal para promover a aprendizagem de diferentes técnicas e linguagens do desenho. Concluiu-se que este projeto promoveu uma abordagem experimental ao desenho, incentivou a pesquisa e a mobilização de conceitos, tendo proporcionado a aquisição de diversas competências técnicas e visuais.
Unfertige Studien 7: Der Tod Marwāns II. und das Massaker von Mosul
Authors: van Ess Josef 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of this article is to present two early examples of eye-witness-like reports found in Arabic historiography. The two events in question are the death of al-Marwān, the last Umayyad caliph, in 750 CE, and a massacre ordered or let happen by the new governor of Mosul, which took place in the same year. In the narration of the flight and killing of al-Marwān, the protection of the female family members is the main motive for al-Marwān’s actions. The Massacre of Mosul must have been a traumatic experience that endured in the collective memory, involving unprecedented atrocities against civilians. The historian al-Azdī (d. 945 CE) could base his account on the living tradition of the local families even 150 years after the event. There are reports from the perspectives both of victim and perpetrator. The prominent role of women is a characteristic feature of the narrations concerning both events. In the presentation of the texts, particular weight is given to details and nuances which communicate the emotional attitudes or the narrators towards the events and the moral lessons exemplified by them. This is the only way to recognize what could be called the “soul” of the text.
An original multiplex method to assess five different SARS-CoV-2 antibodies
Authors: Favresse Julien , Brauner Jonathan , Bodart Nicolas , Vigneron Alain , Roisin Sandrine , Melchionda Sabrina , Douxfils Jonathan , Ocmant Annick 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Accurate SARS-CoV-2 serological assays are urgently needed to help diagnose infection, determine past exposure of populations and assess the response to future vaccines. The study aims at assessing the performance of the multiplex D-tek COVIDOT 5 IgG assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies (N, S1+S2, S1, S2 and RBD).

Methods
Sensitivity and dynamic trend to seropositivity were evaluated in 218 samples obtained from 46 rRT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients. Non-SARS-CoV-2 sera (n=118) collected before the COVID-19 pandemic with a potential cross-reaction to the SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay were included in the specificity analysis.

Results
A gradual dynamic trend since symptom onset was observed for all IgG antibodies. Sensitivities before day 14 were suboptimal. At ≥21 days, sensitivities reached 100% (93.4–100%) for N, S1+S2, S2 and RBD-directed IgG and 96.3% (87.3–99.6%) for S1-directed IgG. In 42 out of 46 patients (91.3%), all five antibodies were detected at ≥14 days. The four remaining patients had between 2 and 4 positive antibodies at their respective maximal follow-up period. The specificity was 100 % for S1+S2, S2 and RBD, 98.3% for N and 92.4% (86.0–96.5%) for S1-directed IgG. The combined use of antigens increases the early sensitivity whilst enforcing high specificity.

Conclusions
Sensitivities at ≥21 days and specificities were excellent, especially for N, S1+S2, S2 and RBD-directed IgG. Caution is however required when interpreting single S1-directed reactivities. Using a multiplex assay complies with the orthogonal testing algorithm of the CDC and allows a better and critical interpretation of the serological status of a patient.
Gel point determination of gellan biopolymer gel from DC electrical conductivity
Authors: Jahan Nusrat , Shahnaz Sakiba , Hossain Khandker S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Gellan is an anionic bacterial polysaccharide, which in aqueous solution dissociates into a charged gellan polymer molecule containing carboxyl ions and counter ions and forms thermoreversible gel under appropriate conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of polymer concentration, the concentration of added monovalent metallic ion, and temperature on the DC electrical conductivity of the gellan. Results suggest that the DC conductivity decreases with the increasing polymer concentrations and the added monovalent metallic ions. Such a decrease in DC conductivity can be attributed to the reduction of the mobility of counter ions due to the increase in the crosslinking density of the gellan network. DC conductivity of gellan gels was increased with temperature, which is interpreted as the dissolution of physically cross-linked networks, thus increasing the mobility of counter ions. The behavior of temperature variation of DC electrical conductivity reveals an abrupt change at a specific temperature, which can be considered a way to determine the gel point or sol–gel transition temperature T
c of this thermoreversible biopolymer gel. This result agrees with that of rheological measurements where the viscosity showed a similar trend with temperature and diverges to infinity at the temperature close to T
c.
Kartographie gelebter Ökotopien
Authors: Daniel Antje , Exner Andreas 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Forschung zu Utopien erfährt neuerdings einen Aufschwung. Sie behandelt jedoch überwiegend fiktionale Sozialutopien. Konkrete utopische Praktiken im Sinne gelebter Utopien wurden dagegen noch kaum untersucht. Viele gelebte Utopien fokussieren auf das Mensch-Natur-Verhältnis. Der vorliegende Artikel fasst diese Praktiken als gelebte Ökotopien und schlägt eine Systematisierung entlang der Dimensionen von Grenzziehung, Temporalität und strategischer Praxis vor. Diese Systematisierung wird anhand empirischer Beispiele für gelebte Ökotopien aus verschiedenen Praxisfeldern illustriert. Indem vielfältige gelebte Ökotopien einen differenzierten Zukunftsraum im Hier und Jetzt eröffnen, politisieren sie den Raum und bieten Beispiele für konkrete Alternativen zur dominanten Form des Mensch-Natur-Verhältnisses.
Experiences of a Little Cuban Town in Quarantine Because of Covid-19: Trade of Agricultural Products in the Search for Food Security
Authors: Milian Gómez Jorge Freddy , Delgado Triana Yanelys 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Food systems and trade of agricultural products have been affected by States measures in response to the evolution of the Covid-19 pandemic. Cuba, a Caribbean island, is equally hard hit by Coronavirus pandemic. Cuba’s reality becomes much more complex when it has to face the economic and financial blockade imposed as a unilateral coercive measure by the US government, causing the impossibility of buying raw materials abroad to produce first need products and food. This essay, framing the global problem of Covid-19, aims to understand how trade of agricultural products is regulated in Cuba in times of pandemic for quarantine areas, taking specific municipality experiences as a model. It is necessary to disseminate the good experiences following three main constitutional principles: right to adequate food, food safety and municipal autonomy. Main results are based on demonstrating if there is an appropriate articulation between local government, producers and trader’s direct benefits to strengthen the food security of population will be obtained.
PPARGC1A promoter DNA-methylation level and glucose metabolism in Ecuadorian women with Turner syndrome
Authors: Álvarez-Nava Francisco , Salinas Marco , Bastidas Daniela , Vicuña Yosselin , Racines-Orbe Marcia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Reduced gene expression of PPARGC1A in subjects with insulin resistance (IR) has been reported. Insulin resistance occurs early on the course of Turner syndrome (TS). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PPARGC1A promoter DNA methylation status in lymphocytes and insulin sensitivity and secretion in Ecuadorian females with TS.

Methods
We examined a cohort of 34 Ecuadorian patients with TS along with a sex-, age- and BMI-matched reference group. All subjects received a standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin resistance and secretion indices were calculated. The PPARGC1A methylated DNA/unmethylated DNA ratio and mitochondrial content (mtDNA/nDNA ratio) were further determined.

Results
Notably, the PPARGC1A DNA methylation level was significantly higher in TS subjects than the reference group and correlated with IR indices. Conversely, mitochondrial content was significantly lower in the study group than healthy controls and negatively correlated with the PPARGC1A methylated DNA/unmethylated DNA ratio in TS individuals. PPARGC1A promoter DNA methylation status contributed to 20% of the total variability in Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) independently of BMI or age in TS subjects.

Conclusions
Our collective findings suggest that expression of PPARGC1A and lower mitochondrial number affect the metabolic phenotype in TS subjects.
Temporal calibration and synchronization of robotic total stations for kinematic multi-sensor-systems
Authors: Thalmann Tomas , Neuner Hans 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Despite the increasing interest in kinematic data acquisition, Robotic Total Stations (RTSs) are still relatively seldom used. No matter if Mobile Mapping Systems or Control & Guidance, GNSS is mostly used as position sensor, which limits the application to outdoor areas. For indoor applications, a combination of relative sensors is usually employed. One reason why RTSs are not used is the challenging time referencing and synchronization. In this work we analyze the challenges of a synchronized kinematic application of RTSs and present solutions.
Our approach is based on a wireless network synchronization to establish a precise temporal reference frame. The achievable synchronization quality is thoroughly examined. In addition we develop a kinematic model of spherical measurements, that incorporates timing related parameters. To estimate these parameters we propose a temporal calibration utilizing an industrial robot. Both parts of our approach are evaluated using a test setup of two total stations, proofing an overall synchronization accuracy of 0.2 ms. An overall horizontal kinematic point accuracy of 2.3 mm reveals the potential of sufficiently synchronized RTSs.
Empirical analyses of robustness of the square Msplit estimation
Authors: Wiśniewski Zbigniew , Zienkiewicz Marek Hubert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper presents Msplit estimation as an alternative to methods in the class of robust M-estimation. The analysis conducted showed that Msplit estimation is highly efficient in the identification of observations encumbered by gross errors, especially those of small or moderate values. The classical methods of robust estimation provide then unsatisfactory results. Msplit estimation also shows high robustness to single gross errors of large values. The presented analysis of Msplit estimators’ robustness is of a chiefly empirical nature and is based on the example of a simulated levelling network and a real angular-linear network. Using the Monte Carlo method, mean success rates for outlier identification were determined and the courses of empirical influence functions were specified. The outcomes of the analysis were compared with the relevant values achieved via selected methods of robust M-estimation.
The Strategic Common Law Court of Aharon Barak and its Aftermath: On Judicially-Led Constitutional Revolutions and Democratic Backsliding
Authors: Weill Rivka 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There is renewed scholarly interest in studying the dynamics of constitutional revolutions and the explanations for the rise of constitutional courts around the world. At the same time, there is growing discussion of democratic backsliding and concern that democracies are exhibiting extremism, weakening of opposition forces and constitutional courts, and violations of civil and political rights that are pertinent to vibrant democracies. Scholars try to study both phenomena and understand the relationship between them. Israel is an important case study for both agendas. This Article analyzes the jurisprudence of Aharon Barak, one of the greatest jurists of our time with a worldwide reputation for revolutionizing both Israeli constitutional law and comparative constitutional law. It explains the tactics and strategy used by Barak to revolutionize Israeli constitutional law on issues of reasonableness, proportionality, standing, justiciability, constitutional review, equality, and supra-constitutional law. It reveals how each revolution paved the way for the next. It offers explanations for the effectiveness of these judicially-led revolutions as well as possible bases for their legitimation. Barak was a common law judge and ultimately treated parliamentary sovereignty as a doctrine arising from common law and constrained by common law, though he never quite put it in these terms. The Article concludes with explanations for the political backlash experienced by the current Israeli Supreme Court that some have characterized as democratic backsliding. It argues that the Court contributes to the development of law as part of a dialog and interaction between the different branches of government. As the Court operates within these dynamics, it must understand and take into account the institutional, political, and social environments in which it operates to preserve legitimacy and achieve efficacy. Barak was a strategic player that laid foundations for an expansive judicial power, but his Court was very prudent in utilizing that power. His successors may have contributed unintentionally to the backlash against the Court by following Barak’s substantive jurisprudence, but not necessarily his prudent tactics and strategy.
Overlooked diversity in Argentine caviomorph rodents: the need to increase field efforts
Authors: Pardiñas Ulyses F. J. , Galliari Carlos A. , Krauczuk Ernesto R. , Rey Nicolás R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Based on a variety of evidence (photographs, feces, specimens), three previously unsuspected caviomorph rodents are reported from Argentina: (1) a spiny rat (Echimyidae) probably belonging to the genus Phyllomys, in northern Misiones Province near Iguazú National Park; (2) an undetermined octodontid (Octodontidae) in western Chacoan Córdoba Province; and (3) the octodontid Spalacopus (Octodontidae), in high-Andean ranges of San Juan Province. The latter constitutes the first record of the genus for Argentina, and all the three findings highlight the necessity to increase collecting efforts in the country.