bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth weight prediction by Lee formula based on fractional thigh volume in term pregnancies – is it helpful?
Authors: Mlodawski Jakub , Wolder Daniel , Niziurski Piotr , Adamczyk-Gruszka Olga , Głuszek Stanisław , Rokita Wojciech 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionUltrasonographic estimation of fetal weight (EFW) is a standard obstetrical procedure in daily clinical practice. Formulas for calculating EFW most commonly are a combination of two-dimensional measurements. A relatively new approach is the use of three-dimensional measurements such as fractional thigh volume (TVol) incorporated into specific regression equations. The objective of this study was to compare the Lee formula based on three-dimensional ultrasonographic TVol in the estimation of fetal weight before delivery in term pregnancies to the Hadlock I formula.Material and methods2D/3D abdominal ultrasonography was performed in 104 women, 37–41 gestational weeks, and measurements of biparietal dia¬meter, head circumference, abdomen circumference, and femur length, TVol were taken. Using these measurements, we compared the Lee to the Hadlock formulas in EFW. The timing of procedures was measured in 20 randomly chosen patients by an independent observer.ResultsMean percentage errors of formulas, Lee vs. Hadlock, were 2.13% ±9.31% vs. –2.02% ±8.79%, (p = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in median absolute percentage errors between the two formulas (6.09% vs. 6.10%, p = 0.56). The proportion of newborns with estimated birth weights (BW) within ±10% of actual BW was not significantly different between the two formulas (73% vs. 71%, p = 0.11). There was a significant difference in the proportion of the newborns with estimated BW within ±5% (33% vs. 42%, p = 0.000006). Statistical measurements for test performance in detecting fetuses with BW ≥ 4000 g were sensitivity 85% vs. 60%, specificity 88% vs. 96%, and accuracy 88% vs. 89%. There was no significant difference in the time to perform the measurements (69 s for Lee formula vs. 58 s for Hadlock formula, p = 0.16).ConclusionsThigh volume measurement incorporated into the Lee single parameter formula is comparable to the Hadlock I formula in terms of accuracy in predicting fetal weight before delivery. There was no significant difference in the time needed for taking necessary measurements between the two groups.
White Mica Geochemistry: Discriminating Between Barren and Mineralized Porphyry Systems
Authors: Uribe-Mogollon Camilo , Maher Kierran 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Grasshopper prospect, located 23 km west-southwest from Dillon, Montana, presents exposed zones of phyllic alteration assemblages comprising the early and late phyllic styles. The mineral chemistry of white micas from both phyllic alteration zones was evaluated by short-wave infrared spectroscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The early phyllic expression consists of white to green micas characterized by longer Al-OH absorption wavelengths (2,204–2,210 nm), whereas the late phyllic phase contains white micas with shorter Al-OH absorption wavelengths (2,197–2,204 nm). Correlation with electron microprobe data found that the Tschermak substitution in the white micas is mainly controlled by Mg concentrations. Based on LA-ICP-MS data, higher Mn and Sr concentrations characterize white micas from the early phyllic alteration, whereas higher concentrations of B, Ba, Cr, Cs, Cu, Li, Rb, Sc, Sn, Ti, Tl, V, and W are present in white micas from the late phyllic style. Systematic zoning patterns of trace element concentrations in white micas from the early and late phyllic alteration styles were confirmed at Grasshopper. In general, increasing trends toward the center of the system were observed in V, Cu, Sc, Sn, W, and Zn, whereas increasing trends outward from the hydrothermal center were reported in Li and Cs. Comparison of the trace element concentrations of white micas from the early phyllic style from the barren system of Grasshopper and the mineralized system of Copper Cliff indicates significant differences in Zn, Cr, B, Tl, Sn, and Cs. Therefore, we propose a preliminary discrimination (Zn + Cr + B vs. Tl + Sn + Cs) plot that can be used to differentiate white micas from the early phyllic alteration among mineralized and weakly to unmineralized systems.
Internal Migration in Chinese Cities: An Exploration of Youths’ Experiences of Delinquency
Authors: Hung Jason 
Published: January 2020

Introduction. In China, urban police tend to arrest and interrogate internal migrants when crimes occur, as they believe migrant cohorts are the main cause of crime. Detecting risk factors in migrant children's delinquency is necessary in order to allow authorities to limit the scope of crime.
Methods. This essay explores studies from Chicago School of Criminology, in additional to other relevant western criminological literature. This essay investigates how poor living conditions, undue levels of fear of crime, deficiency in the formation of social bonds, lack of informal control at home and school, and development of social strain are associated with migrant children's delinquency in China.
Findings. Socioeconomic challenges drive migrant children to delinquency. Migrant children are subject to discrimination and exclusion at school and public spaces, in addition to segregation residentially. The unfair treatment they receive contributes to their inability to develop a metropolitan social bonds and trust. Similarly, migrant parents are victimised by social discrimination, exploitation and exclusion, minimising their opportunities to exercise positive parenting. Their economic hardships impede migrant cohorts from alleviating poverty and increasing community engagement. Local urbanites' fear of crime against migrant cohorts fosters mutual misunderstanding, mistrust and conflicts. Social tension and fear of crime reinforce local urban residents' segregation and discrimination against internal migrants.
Conclusions. Migrant children may demonstrate a higher propensity of delinquency than local counterparts. However, more attention should be given to their victimisation as a result of economic hardships and social inequalities, in order to effectively exercise crime control in Chinese cities.
La influencia del género en el aprendizaje matemático en España. Evidencias desde PISA
Authors: Fuentes De Frutos Silvia , Renobell Santaren Víctor 
Published: January 2020

Diferentes estudios muestran que la variable sexo incide en el rendimiento matemático del alumnado (Rodríguez, Delgado y Bakieva, 2011; Rodríguez-Mantilla, Fernández-Diaz y Jover, 2018). El presente trabajo indaga sobre la existencia y evolución de una brecha de género en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en España, en base a los resultados de la evaluación PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) en todas sus ediciones. Se valora también la competencia matemática del alumnado español sin diferencia de sexo. Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica de los último 30 años y un análisis multisectorial de los datos en base a los informes PISA. Los resultados del estudio indican una mejor competencia matemática en alumnos que en alumnas. Por otra parte, los resultados más actuales muestran una notable mejoría en el rendimiento matemático por parte del alumnado español en su conjunto.
Assessment of crusting effects on interrill erosion by laser scanning
Authors: Hu Yaxian , Fister Wolfgang , He Yao , Kuhn Nikolaus J. 
Published: January 2020

Background
Crust formation affects soil erosion by raindrop impacted flow through changing particle size and cohesion between particles on the soil surface, as well as surface microtopography. Therefore, changes in soil microtopography can, in theory, be employed as a proxy to reflect the complex and dynamic interactions between crust formation and erosion caused by raindrop-impacted flow. However, it is unclear whether minor variations of soil microtopography can actually be detected with tools mapping the crust surface, often leaving the interpretation of interrill runoff and erosion dynamics qualitative or even speculative.

Methods
In this study, we used a laser scanner to measure the changes of the microtopography of two soils placed under simulated rainfall in experimental flumes and crusting at different rates. The two soils were of the same texture, but under different land management, and thus organic matter content and aggregate stability. To limit the amount of scanning and data analysis in this exploratory study, two transects and four subplots on each experimental flume were scanned with a laser in one-millimeter interval before and after rainfall simulations.

Results
While both soils experienced a flattening, they displayed different temporal patterns of crust development and associated erosional responses. The laser scanning data also allowed to distinguish the different rates of developments of surface features for replicates with extreme erosional responses. The use of the laser data improved the understanding of crusting effects on soil erosional responses, illustrating that even limited laser scanning provides essential information for quantitatively exploring interrill erosion processes.
Determinants of Success and Sustainability of Farmer Organizations in the North West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Mugah Nji Patience , Dorothy Engwali Fon 
Published: January 2020

Aims: This article seeks to evaluate the determinants or factors that contribute to the success of Farmer Organizations and their sustainability.
Study Design: The research method was based on field surveys.
Duration of Study: The study was carried out between August 2018 and October 2019.
Methodology: Sample: Data was collected through face-to-face interviews and 299 respondents (255 Farmer organisations members, and 44 community members) were selected using the multi-stage cluster and purposive sampling techniques. Data from the study was analysed using descriptive statistics.
Results: Results revealed that the main problems witnessed by Farmer Organisations which slow down their growth include capital accumulation (86.4%), unavailability of loan (79.5%), and lack of skilled personnel (65.9%) and high illiteracy level of members (43.2%). While mismanagement of group funds by leaders (13.6%), government interference (29.5%), was of low impact. Factors that contribute to the success and sustainability of farmer organisation among others are good group leadership skills (90.2%) members, meeting the needs of the members (84.3%), assist in community development (58.8%) other factors include origin of group, assistance, communication and members involvement in decision making, membership participation, guiding principles and regulations, type of activity and profitability.
Conclusion: For farmer organizations to be successful and sustainable government agencies and NGOs in the sector should help the farmer organizations by providing financial assistance, farm inputs and seeds, provide post harvest infrastructures, regular extension services and the Farmer organizations should be market and advocacy oriented.
To Study the Anthropometric Measurements of the Neonates between 28 to 42 Weeks of Gestational Age at the Tertiary Health Care Center, Bhavnagar, Gujarat
Authors: A. Patel Shreya , R. Gohil Jayendra , D. Gamit Vibhuti , K. Suthar Mamta 
Published: January 2020

Aims: To study the anthropometric measurements of the neonates between 28 to 42 weeks of gestational age. To express them as smoothed percentiles and obtain their correlation with the constant. Comparing the data trend with the Shah Study conducted twelve years ago in the same institute.
Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study of 500 (selected out of 1223 by convenience sampling) live new-borns, 28 to 42 weeks gestational age (confirmed by Ballard score) was conducted in NICU and post-natal ward, Sir-T hospital, Bhavnagar. Infantometer and non-stretchable measuring tape were used for measurements.
Results: Demographic data- female, male: [247 (49.4%), 253 (50.6%)]. The newborns weighing < 2.499 kg were n= 193(38.6%), 2.500- 3.00 kg n=247(49.4%) and > 3.00 kg n= 60(12%). 244 newborns were <37 weeks old (48.8%) and 256 were 37- 42 weeks old (51.2%), with 37 weeks old contributing n=167(33.4%). The male newborn had higher anthropometric variable than female: Weight, Crown Heel Length, Head Circumference, Chest Circumference, Ponderal Index, Thigh Circumference, Mid Arm Circumference, Foot Length were 2.500, 46.73, 31.65, 29.69, 2.38, 12.06, 8.4, 6.79 of female and 2.595, 47.43, 32.08, 29.95, 2.39, 12.19, 8.2, 7.13 of male respectively, except in MAC.
By comparing the mean of the parameters of 34 to 38 week newborns, the mean of TC and MAC of the present study was found to be increased than in Shah Study. Similarly, the mean of weight in 34, 36, 37 and 38, CHL in 36 and 38, the HC in 36, 37 and 38, the CC in 34, 35, 36 and 37, the FL in 35 and 37, and the Ponderal Index in 34, 35 and 38 week newborns, of present study was increased, as compared to Shah Study. By Pearson’s correlation, the maximum association was found with TC (r 0.934), followed by PI (0.868) and HC (0.844) in the present study and with TC (0.966) in Shah Study. The intrauterine growth curves were constructed by plotting percentile values of each anthropometric parameter against gestational age in weeks.
Conclusion: The nutrition has improved in the near term and full-term neonates. The percentile charts constructed in accordance with current data trends thus can be utilised regionally.
The long Q‐loop of Escherichia coli cytochrome bd oxidase is required for assembly and structural integrity
Authors: Theßeling Alexander , Burschel Sabrina , Wohlwend Daniel , Friedrich Thorsten 
Published: January 2020

Cytochrome bd‐I oxidase is a terminal reductase of bacterial respiratory chains produced under low oxygen concentrations, oxidative stress, and during pathogenicity. While the bulk of the protein forms transmembrane helices, a periplasmic domain, the Q‐loop, is expected to be involved in binding and oxidation of (ubi)quinol. According to the length of the Q‐loop, bd oxidases are classified into the S (short)‐ and the L (long)‐subfamilies. Here, we show that either shortening the Q‐loop of the Escherichia coli oxidase from the L‐subfamily or replacing it by one from the S‐subfamily leads to the production of labile and inactive variants, indicating a role for the extended Q‐loop in the stability of the enzyme.
Clinical Significance of Monitoring Hydroxychloroquine Levels in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Garg Shivani , Unnithan Rachna , Hansen Karen E. , Costedoat‐Chalumeau Nathalie , Bartels Christie M. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveDespite the pivotal role that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) plays in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), less than 50% of patients take HCQ as prescribed. Measurement of HCQ blood levels can help clinicians distinguish nonadherence versus lack of efficacy of HCQ. Our objective was to systematically review publications and perform a meta‐analysis to examine the correlation between HCQ levels and 1) nonadherence and 2) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores, in SLE.MethodsA comprehensive search was performed. We included observational and interventional studies that measured HCQ levels and assessed adherence or SLEDAI scores in adults with SLE. Forest plots compared pooled estimates of correlations between HCQ levels and reported nonadherence or SLEDAI scores.ResultsAmong 604 studies screened, 17 were reviewed. We found 3‐times higher odds of reported nonadherence in patients with low HCQ levels (odds ratio 2.95 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.63, 5.35], P < 0.001). The mean SLEDAI score was 3.14 points higher in groups with below‐threshold HCQ levels on a priori analysis (δ = 3.14 [95% CI –0.05, 6.23], P = 0.053), and 1.4 points higher in groups with HCQ levels of <500 ng/ml (δ = 1.42 [95% CI 0.07, 2.76], P = 0.039). Among 1,223 patients, those with HCQ levels ≥750 ng/ml had a 58% lower risk of active disease, and their SLEDAI score was 3.2 points lower.ConclusionWe found a strong association between low HCQ levels and reported nonadherence. Our results suggest that HCQ levels of ≥750 ng/ml might be a potential therapeutic target.
Acceptability and Content Validity of Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures Considered From the Perspective of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Shaw Yomei , Zhang Chen , Bradley Matthew , Simon Teresa A. , Schumacher Rebecca , McDonald David , Michaud Kaleb 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo consider the acceptability and content validity of patient‐reported outcome measures commonly used in rheumatoid arthritis by describing patients’ perceptions of patient‐reported outcome measures and comparing patients’ responses on patient‐reported outcome measures with their verbal accounts of disease impacts.MethodsWe used a sequential mixed methods approach, combining analysis of interviews and data from patient‐reported outcome measures (from the Health Assessment Questionnaire, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue subscale, the EuroQol 5‐domain instrument, the Short Form 36 health survey, and a visual analog scale [VAS] for pain, fatigue, sleep, and patient global assessment of disease activity). Qualitative analysis of patients’ perceptions of patient‐reported outcome measures informed a subsequent comparison between data from patient‐reported outcome measures and verbal accounts of pain, fatigue, sleep, and functional limitations to assess the effectiveness of patient‐reported outcome measures in communicating disease impact.ResultsThe study included 18 patients. Although a few patients offered positive comments about patient‐reported outcome measures, most doubted that patient‐reported outcome measures could accurately convey their experience of symptoms and functional limitations. Patients discussed the ease of responding to questions, capturing and conveying symptoms, and concerns about the underreporting of symptoms and interpretation of responses. Compared with verbal accounts, patient‐reported outcome measures often did not convey the personal significance of limitations; however, patient‐reported outcome measures captured limitations that patients omitted or described with insufficient detail during interviews. Although verbal accounts of pain could be categorized into 3 levels of severity (pain without interference in activities, pain is not the worst ever experienced but interferes with activities, and pain is omnipresent), the pain VAS was more effective at conveying finer gradations in pain severity.ConclusionAlthough patients may feel that patient‐reported outcome measures have certain shortcomings, patient‐reported outcome measures also have advantages relative to verbal discussion for communicating symptoms and disease impact.
Refining Energy Levels in ReS2 Nanosheets by Low‐Valent Transition‐Metal Doping for Dual‐Boosted Electrochemical Ammonia/Hydrogen Production
Authors: Lai Feili , Chen Nan , Ye Xiaobin , He Guanjie , Zong Wei , Holt Katherine B. , Pan Bicai , Parkin Ivan P. , Liu Tianxi , Chen Renjie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractElectrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are intriguing approaches to nitrogen fixation and hydrogen production under ambient conditions, given the need to discover efficient and stable catalysts to light up the “green chemistry” future. However, bottlenecks are often found during N2/H2O activation, the very first step of NRR/HER, due to energetic electron injection from the surface of electrocatalysts. It is reported that the bottlenecks for both NRR and HER can be tackled by engineering the energy level via low‐valent transition‐metal doping, simultaneously, where rhenium disulfide (ReS2) is employed as a model platform to prove the concept. The doped low‐valent transition‐metal domains (e.g., Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) in ReS2 provide more active sites for N2/H2O chemisorption and electron transfer, not only weakening the NN/OH bonds for easier dissociation through proton coupling, but also elevating d‐band center toward the Fermi level with more electron energy for N2/H2O reduction. As a result, it is found that iron‐doped ReS2 nanosheets wrapped nitrogen‐doped carbon nanofiber (Fe‐ReS2@N‐CNF) catalyst exhibits superior electrochemical activity with eightfold higher ammonia production yield of 80.4 µg h−1 mg−1cat., and lower onset overpotential of 146 mV and Tafel slope of 63 mV dec−1, when comparing with the pristine ReS2.
3D Chemical Cross‐Linking Structure of Black Phosphorus@CNTs Hybrid as a Promising Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yupu , Wang Lili , Xu Hao , Cao Junming , Chen Duo , Han Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe existence of rechargeable lithium ion batteries with high operating voltage, high energy density, and excellent cycling performance are drawing increasing attention due to their viability to be used as portable power and in electrical applications. However, there is a considerable problem that the conductivity of the active material becomes poor due to the volume expansion under the condition of repeated circulation, which reduces the performance of the device, thus hindering its practical application. As an emerging 2D material, black phosphorus (BP) has drawn significant attention in the field of Li‐ion battery energy storage due to its large theoretical capacity of 2596 mA h g−1 and ability to absorb large amount of Li atoms. Here, a unique 3D conductive structure with the BP and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), displaying good stability and high conductivity for the fabrication of BP@CNTs hybrid‐based Li‐ion batteries is described. With strong trapping, good affinity, structure stable, and high adsorption for polyphosphorus, the developed BP@CNTs hybrid electrodes display high capacity, good electrical conductivity, and a stable cycle life. Additionally, the lithium ion batteries can illuminate the light emitting diode, proving that the materials have great potential for development of energy storage devices.
Reconfigurable Logic‐in‐Memory and Multilingual Artificial Synapses Based on 2D Heterostructures
Authors: Xiong Xiong , Kang Jiyang , Hu Qianlan , Gu Chengru , Gao Tingting , Li Xuefei , Wu Yanqing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNonvolatile logic devices have attracted intensive research attentions recently for energy efficiency computing, where data computing and storage can be realized in the same device structure. Various approaches have been adopted to build such devices; however, the functionality and versatility are still very limited. Here, 2D van der Waals heterostructures based on direct bandgap materials black phosphorus and rhenium disulfide for the nonvolatile ternary logic operations is demonstrated for the first time with the ultrathin oxide layer from the black phosphorus serving as the charge trapping as well as band‐to‐band tunneling layer. Furthermore, an artificial electronic synapse based on this heterostructure is demonstrated to mimic trilingual synaptic response by changing the input base voltage. Besides, artificial neural network simulation based on the electronic synaptic arrays using the handwritten digits data sets demonstrates a high recognition accuracy of 91.3%. This work provides a path toward realizing multifunctional nonvolatile logic‐in‐memory applications based on novel 2D heterostructures.