bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A user‐centered, learning asthma smartphone application for patients and providers
Authors: Gaynor Mark , Schneider David , Seltzer Margo , Crannage Erica , Barron Mary Lee , Waterman Jason , Oberle Andrew 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProblemSmartphone applications are an increasingly useful part of patients' self‐management of chronic health conditions. Asthma is a common chronic health condition for which good self‐management by patients is very helpful in maintaining stability. User‐centered design and intelligent systems that learn are steps forward in building applications that are more effective in providing quality care that is scalable and tailored to each patient.MethodsA literature and application store search to review historic and current asthma smart phone applications. User‐centered design is a methodology that involves all stakeholders of a proposed system from the beginning of the design phase to the end of installation. One aspect of this user‐centered approach involved conducting focus groups with patients and health care providers to determine what features they desire for use in applications and create a model to build smart infrastructure for a learning health care system. A simple prototype for an asthma smartphone application is designed and built with basic functionality.OutcomesOnly one publication in the literature review of asthma smartphone applications describes both user‐centered design and intelligent learning systems. The authors have presented a set of user‐desired attributes for a smart health care application and a possible data flow diagram of information for a learning system. A prototype simple user‐centered designed asthma smartphone application that better assists patients in their care illustrates the value of the proposed architecture.DiscussionOur user‐centered approach helped design and implement a learning prototype smart phone application to help patients better manage their asthma and provide information to clinical care providers. While popular in other industries, user‐centered design has had slow adoption in the health care area. However, the popularity of this approach is increasing and will hopefully result in mobile application that better meets the needs of both patients and their care providers.
Geisinger's effort to realize its potential as a learning health system: A progress report
Authors: Davis F. Daniel , Williams Marc S. , Stametz Rebecca A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn the last two decades, several organizational initiatives have moved Geisinger into closer alignment with the key characteristics of the learning health system (LHS) model. The intent of this experience report is to provide a firsthand view of the potential of the model and of the complex, multifaceted nature of any endeavor designed and implemented to realize that potential.MethodsAfter describing Geisinger, we offer a critical self‐assessment of our progress toward the goal of becoming an LHS, followed by an account of the challenges.ResultsGeisinger has made incremental but measurable progress in implementing the LHS model, especially in two key domains: in patient‐clinician engagement and science and informatics. Other challenges, however, present significant opportunities for additional forward movement, especially with respect to incentives, culture, and leadership.ConclusionBecoming a fully realized LHS is and will be a long‐term challenge for any organization that embraces this aspiration.
Polysaccharide Based Hemostatic Strategy for Ultrarapid Hemostasis
Authors: Chen Yeyi , Wu Lei , Li Pengpeng , Hao Xiao , Yang Xiao , Xi Guanghui , Liu Wen , Feng Yakai , He Hongchao , Shi Changcan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBleeding complications usually cause significant morbidity and mortality in civilian and military populations. In clinical application, hemostatic sponges, gauzes, hydrogel, and bandages are widely used as the traditional effective hemostatic products for hemorrhage. However, the traditional hemostatic devices or agents cannot meet the requirement for treatment of massive bleeding. Therefore, the excellent hemostatic performance of hemostatic products are of great significance for saving lives. Natural polysaccharides, as the main chemical component, have been widely used in the preparation of hemostasis due to their perfect biocompatibility and biodegradability. Polysaccharide based hemostatic products are available in variety of forms, such as, hydrogel, sponges, gauze and microspheres. The purpose of the present review is to report the research progress on polysaccharide hemostatic products and technology.
Analyses of del(GJB6‐D13S1830) and del(GJB6‐D13S1834) deletions in a large cohort with hearing loss: Caveats to interpretation of molecular test results in multiplex families
Authors: Pandya Arti , O'Brien Alexander , Kovasala Michael , Bademci Guney , Tekin Mustafa , Arnos Kathleen S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundMutations involving the closely linked GJB2 and GJB6 at the DFNB1 locus are a common genetic cause of profound congenital hearing loss in many populations. In some deaf GJB2 heterozygotes, a 309 kb deletion involving the GJB6 has been found to be the cause for hearing loss when inherited in trans to a GJB2 mutation.MethodsWe screened 2,376 probands from a National DNA Repository of deaf individuals.ResultsFifty‐two of 318 heterozygous probands with pathogenic GJB2 sequence variants had a GJB6 deletion. Additionally, eight probands had an isolated heterozygous GJB6 deletion that did not explain their hearing loss. In two deaf subjects, including one proband, a homozygous GJB6 deletion was the cause for their hearing loss, a rare occurrence not reported to date.ConclusionThis study represents the largest US cohort of deaf individuals harboring GJB2 and GJB6 variants, including unique subsets of families with deaf parents. Testing additional members to clarify the phase of GJB2/GJB6 variants in multiplex families was crucial in interpreting clinical significance of the variants in the proband. It highlights the importance of determining the phase of GJB2/GJB6 variants when interpreting molecular test results especially in multiplex families with assortative mating.
The perforator flap from the contralateral large healthy breast as an alternative for breast reconstruction or combined breast and thoracic reconstruction
Authors: He Jinguang , Wang Tao , Xu Hua , Zhang Yi , Liu Ying , Dong Jiasheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt has been demonstrated that contralateral breast tissue can be used for delayed breast reconstruction. The current report presented the clinical outcomes of the perforator flap from the contralateral lower breast as a pedicled flap for immediate or delayed breast reconstruction and as a free flap for delayed breast reconstruction or simultaneous breast and thoracic reconstruction in patients with macromastia.MethodsFrom June 2014 to August 2018, a total of 15 female patients with a mastectomy defect on one side and a large healthy breast on the other side were collected in our department. The pedicled flap based on the fourth internal thoracic artery perforator from the healthy breast was harvested for three immediate breast reconstructions and five delayed breast reconstructions. The free flap with the thoracoacromial vascular pedicle from the contralateral breast was transferred to the defect side for three delayed breast reconstructions and four simultaneous breast and thoracic reconstructions.ResultsThe flap sizes ranged from 9 × 26 to 20 × 40 cm. All flaps survived well postoperatively. Two patients developed delayed wound healing problems on the reconstructed breast. No patient had complications with reduction mammaplasty. The mean follow‐up for patients was 21 months, with no tumor recurrence in either breast. The patients were satisfied with the reconstruction even though a certain degree of asymmetry was observed in all cases.ConclusionFor patients with a large healthy breast, the contralateral breast is an alternative tissue source for breast reconstruction or combined breast and thoracic reconstruction.
Shellfish Tropomyosin IgE Cross‐Reactivity Differs Among Edible Insect Species
Authors: Palmer Lee K. , Marsh Justin T. , Lu Mei , Goodman Richard E. , Zeece Michael G. , Johnson Philip E. 
Published: February 2020

ScopeInsects are a potentially environmentally friendly alternative dietary protein source to supplement mammalian and fish sources, but potential allergenic risks are a concern. Consumption of insects may result in anaphylaxis and has been implicated in cross‐reactivity with shellfish. Many allergenic proteins may be involved in cross‐reactivity, including tropomyosin (TM). The uniformity of TM cross‐reactivity among edible insects is unknown. Candidate edible insects for variability in shellfish IgE cross‐reactivity are investigated.Methods and resultsSelected insects and known related sources of allergens are extracted and probed by immunoblot with sera/plasma from patients sensitized to insects or shellfish. Quantification of TM in these extracts is performed using mass spectrometry. A comparison of the quantity of TM and the IgE reactivity of TM from these insects is performed. Distinct patterns of IgE cross‐reactivity are observed with three insect species showing diminished reactivity. This pattern is not consistent with the amount of TM present in these insects, or with overall sequence homology.ConclusionInsects display a diversity of TM‐associated IgE reactivity. It is likely that minor sequence features and/or structural effects are primarily responsible. Additionally, it is demonstrated that some insect species may present significantly less IgE cross‐reactivity to shrimp than do others.
Semianalytical modeling on 3D stress redistribution during hydraulic fracturing stimulation and its effects on natural fracture reactivation
Authors: Ge Jun , Jerath Sukhvarsh , Ghassemi Ahmad 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe hydraulic fracturing technique has been widely applied in many fields, such as the enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), the improvement of injection rates for geologic sequestration of CO2, and for the stimulations of oil and gas reservoirs. The key points for the success of hydraulic fracturing operations in unconventional resources are to accurately estimate the redistribution of pore pressure and stresses around the induced fracture and predict the reactivations of preexisting natural fractures. The pore pressure and stress regime around hydraulic fracture are affected by poroelastic and thermoelastic phenomena as well as by fracture opening compression. In this work, a comprehensive semi‐analytical model is used to estimate the stress and pore pressure distribution around an injection‐induced fracture from a single well in an infinite reservoir. The model allows the leak‐off distribution in the formation to be three‐dimensional with the pressure transient moving ellipsoidically outward into the reservoir from the fracture surface. The pore pressure and the stress changes in three dimensions at any point around the fracture caused by poroelasticity, thermoelasticity, and fracture compression are investigated. With Mohr‐Coulomb failure criterion, we calculate the natural fracture reactivations in the reservoir. Then, two case studies of constant water injection into a hydraulic fracture are presented. This work is of interest in the interpretation of microseismicity in hydraulic fracturing and in the estimation of the fracture spacing for hydraulic fracturing operations. In addition, the results from this study can be very helpful for the selection of stimulated wells and further design of the refracturing operations.
Progression of Alzheimer's disease and effect of scFv‐h3D6 immunotherapy in the 3xTg‐AD mouse model: An in vivo longitudinal study using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy
Authors: Güell‐Bosch J. , Lope‐Piedrafita S. , Esquerda‐Canals G. , Montoliu‐Gaya L. , Villegas S. 
Published: February 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable disease that affects most of the 47 million people estimated as living with dementia worldwide. The main histopathological hallmarks of AD are extracellular β‐amyloid (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein.In recent years, Aβ‐immunotherapy has been revealed as a potential tool in AD treatment. One strategy consists of using single‐chain variable fragments (scFvs), which avoids the fragment crystallizable (Fc) effects that are supposed to trigger a microglial response, leading to microhemorrhages and vasogenic edemas, as evidenced in clinical trials with bapineuzumab. The scFv‐h3D6 generated by our research group derives from this monoclonal antibody, which targets the N‐terminal of the Aβ peptide and recognizes monomers, oligomers and fibrils.In this study, 3xTg‐AD mice were intraperitoneally and monthly treated with 100 μg of scFv‐h3D6 (a dose of ~3.3 mg/kg) or PBS, from 5 to 12 months of age (−mo), the age at which the mice were sacrificed and samples collected for histological and biochemical analyses. During treatments, four monitoring sessions using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) were performed at 5, 7, 9, and 12 months of age. MRI/MRS techniques are widely used in both human and mouse research, allowing to draw an in vivo picture of concrete aspects of the pathology in a non‐invasive manner and allowing to monitor its development across time.Compared with the genetic background, 3xTg‐AD mice presented a smaller volume in almost all cerebral regions and ages examined, an increase in both the intra and extracellular Aβ1–42 at 12‐mo, and an inflammation process at this age, in both the hippocampus (IL‐6 and mIns) and cortex (IL‐6). In addition, treatment with scFv‐h3D6 partially recovered the values in brain volume, and Aβ, IL‐6, and mIns concentrations, among others, encouraging further studies with this antibody fragment.
The Politics of Media Infrastructure: Mobile Phones and Emergent Forms of Public Communication in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Foster Robert J. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTRecent work in anthropology proposes that the ethnographic study of infrastructure offers a productive way to think about how states and corporations, citizens and consumers, all define their relations and obligations to each other. This article considers the politics of media infrastructure in Papua New Guinea (PNG) by tracing the moral economy of mobile phones. It focuses on (1) how mobile phone users have taken to social media to express dissatisfaction with the dominant mobile network operator, Digicel, a privately owned foreign company; and (2) how the PNG state has attempted to regulate the use of mobile phones and social media through cybercrime legislation and registration of Subscriber Identity Modules (SIM cards). Consideration of these two issues – matters of concern that gather publics around them – enables an assessment of the promise of improved telecommunications and social media, in particular, to make government in PNG more accountable and transparent.
A novel methodology for designing thermal processes in order to optimize stabilization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers
Authors: Soulis Spyridon , Dragatogiannis Dimitris A. , Charitidis Costas A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work is to describe a novel methodology for optimizing the stabilization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, through designing of proper thermal treatment. The methodology is based on a set of design rules and the procedure for implementing them, utilizing the time‐temperature‐transition (TTT) and the maximum permittable stress (max.stress) plots. The proposed approach is implemented in order to optimize the stabilization of commercial PAN fibers, resulting in a series of multistage thermal treatments. The changes of both physical and chemical structures of PAN during the progress of the multistage treatments were investigated and showed that the fibers were progressively converted into completely stabilized material; this gradual transformation permitted improvement of fiber annealing and minimized the effect of the decomposition reactions. The proposed methodology can be universally applied for achieving the global optimum of the stabilization process for any PAN precursor.
Applying the COM‐B model to patient‐reported barriers to medication adherence in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Heneghan Mallorie B. , Hussain Tasmeen , Barrera Leonardo , Cai Stephanie W. , Haugen Maureen , Duff Ashley , Shoop Jenny , Morgan Elaine , Rossoff Jenna , Weinstein Joanna , Hijiya Nobuko , Cella David , Badawy Sherif M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdherence to oral chemotherapy, including 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP), is suboptimal in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which is associated with increased risk of relapse. Study objectives were to examine self‐reported adherence to 6‐MP and related barriers to adherence, mapped to the capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior (COM‐B) model for behavior change.ProcedureForty‐nine parents (median, 39 years old; 76% females) and 15 patients (median, 17 years old, 20% females) completed the study survey.ResultsSuboptimal adherence was reported in 43% of parents and 73% of patients. Most parents and patients (80% and 90%, respectively) reported ≥1 adherence barrier. Parents reported difficulty helping their child meet others with ALL (43%), contacting community organizations (39%), and meeting other parents (37%). Patients reported difficulty finding out what their medications are (40%), finding out what 6‐MP does (47%), and meeting other patients (40%). Using the COM‐B, we found that parents and patients endorsed barriers in multiple components, especially physical (55%, 67%) and social opportunity (56%, 47%), highlighting that barriers to adherence may be multifaceted.ConclusionsOur results suggest that parents and patients with ALL face various prevalent barriers to medication adherence and provide insight into the development of behavioral interventions focused on promoting adherence, which is essential to prevent relapse and optimize health outcomes in ALL.
Proteomic Analysis Reveals that EPHX1 Contributes to 5‐Fluorouracil Resistance in a Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line
Authors: Sun Rui , Dong Chengyong , Li Rui , Chu Hongwei , Liu Jianhui , Hao Dingjun , Zhang Lihua , Zhao Baofeng , Wang Liming , Zhang Yukui 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe extensive drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become a major cause of chemotherapy failure. A deeper understanding of the drug resistance mechanism of tumor cells is very significant for improving the clinical prognosis of patients with HCC.Experimental DesignIn this study, proteomic studies on the composition of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐Fu) resistant Bel/5Fu cell line and its parent Bel7402 cell line by using an ionic liquid assisted proteins extraction method with the advantage of extracting plasma membrane proteins to a wider extent are performed. Then the expression level and function of differentially expressed plasma membrane proteins are verified.ResultsIn total, 25 plasma membrane proteins are shown differentially expressed in Bel/5Fu compared with Bel7402. Western blot analysis results further confirmed that the EPHX1 PLIN2 RAB27B SLC4A2 are upregulated in Bel/5Fu cells in accordance with the proteomics data. Moreover, cell viability assay and clonogenic survival assay results demonstrated that EPHX1 is closely related to the chemoresistance of Bel/5Fu to 5‐Fu.Conclusions and Clinical RelevancePlasma membrane protein EPHX1 is closely related to the chemotherapy resistance of Bel/5Fu cells and can be used as a new drug target to improve the clinical prognosis of patients with HCC.
Structural basis of light‐harvesting in the photosystem II core complex
Authors: Müh Frank , Zouni Athina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhotosystem II (PSII) is a membrane‐spanning, multi‐subunit pigment–protein complex responsible for the oxidation of water and the reduction of plastoquinone in oxygenic photosynthesis. In the present review, the recent explosive increase in available structural information about the PSII core complex based on X‐ray crystallography and cryo‐electron microscopy is described at a level of detail that is suitable for a future structure‐based analysis of light‐harvesting processes. This description includes a proposal for a consistent numbering scheme of protein‐bound pigment cofactors across species. The structural survey is complemented by an overview of the state of affairs in structure‐based modeling of excitation energy transfer in the PSII core complex with emphasis on electrostatic computations, optical properties of the reaction center, the assignment of long‐wavelength chlorophylls, and energy trapping mechanisms.
Anticodon‐binding domain swapping in a nondiscriminating aspartyl‐tRNA synthetase reveals contributions to tRNA specificity and catalytic activity
Authors: Chuawong Pitak , Likittrakulwong Wirot , Suebka Suwimon , Wiriyatanakorn Nuttapon , Saparpakorn Patchreenart , Taweesablamlert Amata , Sudprasert Wanwisa , Hendrickson Tamara , Svasti Jisnuson 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe nondiscriminating aspartyl‐tRNA synthetase (ND‐AspRS), found in many archaea and bacteria, covalently attaches aspartic acid to tRNAAsp and tRNAAsn generating a correctly charged Asp‐tRNAAsp and an erroneous Asp‐tRNAAsn. This relaxed tRNA specificity is governed by interactions between the tRNA and the enzyme. In an effort to assess the contributions of the anticodon‐binding domain to tRNA specificity, we constructed two chimeric enzymes, Chimera‐D and Chimera‐N, by replacing the native anticodon‐binding domain in the Helicobacter pylori ND‐AspRS with that of a discriminating AspRS (Chimera‐D) and an asparaginyl‐tRNA synthetase (AsnRS, Chimera‐N), both from Escherichia coli. Both chimeric enzymes showed similar secondary structure compared to wild‐type (WT) ND‐AspRS and maintained the ability to form dimeric complexes in solution. Although less catalytically active than WT, Chimera‐D was more discriminating as it aspartylated tRNAAsp over tRNAAsn with a specificity ratio of 7.0 compared to 2.9 for the WT enzyme. In contrast, Chimera‐N exhibited low catalytic activity toward tRNAAsp and was unable to aspartylate tRNAAsn. The observed catalytic activities for the two chimeras correlate with their heterologous toxicity when expressed in E. coli. Molecular dynamics simulations show a reduced hydrogen bond network at the interface between the anticodon‐binding domain and the catalytic domain in Chimera‐N compared to Chimera‐D or WT, explaining its lower stability and catalytic activity.
Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis from gallbladder cancer mimicking diffuse alveolar haemorrhage
Authors: Higo Hisao , Suzaki Noriyuki , Nagata Takuya , Togami Taro , Ohara Nobuya , Marukawa Masaomi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDiagnosis in cases with pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis as a primary manifestation is difficult due to unawareness of the cancer. An 81‐year‐old man was admitted due to a one‐week history of dyspnoea and haemoptysis. Chest computed tomography showed diffuse bilateral ground‐grass opacity and partial consolidation. We suspected diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. High‐dose methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide did not improve his condition and he died from respiratory failure. Autopsy revealed pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis of whole lungs and primary gallbladder cancer. We should consider pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis in the differential diagnosis of patients with haemoptysis and diffuse lung opacity of unknown origin.