bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic multicoil technique (DYNAMITE) MRI on human brain
Authors: Juchem Christoph , Theilenberg Sebastian , Kumaragamage Chathura , Mullen Michael , DelaBarre Lance , Adriany Gregor , Brown Peter B. , McIntyre Scott , Nixon Terence W. , Garwood Michael , de Graaf Robin A. 
Published: June 2020

PurposeSpatial encoding for MRI is generally based on linear x, y, and z magnetic field gradients generated by a set of dedicated gradient coils. We recently introduced the dynamic multicoil technique (DYNAMITE) for B0 field control and demonstrated DYNAMITE MRI in a preclinical MR environment. In this study, we report the first realization of DYNAMITE MRI of the in vivo human head.MethodsGradient fields for DYNAMITE MRI were generated with a 28‐channel multicoil hardware arranged in 4 rows of 7 coils on a cylindrical surface (length 359 mm, diameter 344 mm, maximum 5 A per coil). DYNAMITE MRIs of a resolution phantom and in vivo human heads were acquired with multislice gradient‐echo, multislice spin‐echo, and 3D gradient‐echo sequences. The resultant image fidelity was compared to that obtained with conventional gradient coil technology.ResultsDYNAMITE field control enabled the realization of all imaging sequences with average gradient errors ≤ 1%. DYNAMITE MRI provided image quality and sensitivity comparable to conventional gradient technology without any obvious artifacts. Some minor geometric deformations were noticed primarily in the image periphery as the result of regional field imperfections. The imperfections can be readily approximated theoretically through numerical integration of the Biot‐Savart law and removed through image distortion correction.ConclusionThe first realization of DYNAMITE MRI of the in vivo human head has been presented. The obtained image fidelity is comparable to MRI with conventional gradient coils, paving the way for full‐fledged DYNAMITE MRI and B0 shim systems for human applications.
A novel methodology for evaluating wear behavior of rubber composites under combination of sliding and rolling conditions
Authors: Wu Yanping , Dong Jia , Sun Congzhi , Li Jinlong , Chen Jianmin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe wear behavior of tire tread rubber composites has attracted widespread attention of researcher duo to its serious environmental pollution and high frequency of occurrence for a long time. Herein, a new test method is developed, an improved Akron friction testing machine on a laboratory scale was utilized to estimate the wear loss and mechanism of the rubber composites under rolling and sliding coupling condition. The results indicated that the wear loss quickly increases with the increase of the relative sliding velocity. The main wear mechanism, including adhesive, thermofatigue, tear and curl wear, was governed by the thermal deposition of the worn surface. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed thermal decomposition tear region gradually expanded on the worn surface by increasing relative sliding velocity. The heat distribution numerical analysis supported the experimental results, which confirmed that the heat distribution of the worn surface is entirely consistent with the distribution of the thermal decomposition tear region.
Synthesis and characterization of modular polyphosphonate homopolymers and copolymers
Authors: Totsch Timothy R. , Stanford Victoria L. , Klep Oleksander , Burdette Mary K. , Grant Benjamin , Foulger Stephen H. , Gray Gary M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLinear polyphosphonates with the generic formula –[P(Ph)(X)OR′O]n– (X = S or Se) have been synthesized by polycondensations of P(Ph)(NEt2)2 and a diol (HOR′OH = 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4‐benzenedimethanol, tetraethylene glycol, or 1,12‐dodecanediol) followed by reaction with a chalcogen. Random copolymers have been synthesized by polycondensations of P(Ph)(NEt2)2 and mixture of two of the diols in a 2:1:1 mol ratio followed by reaction with a chalcogen. Block copolymers with the generic formula –[P(Ph)(X)OR′O](x + 2) –[P(Ph)(X)OR′O](x + 3)– (X = S or Se) have been synthesized by the polycondensations of Et2N[P(Ph)(X)OR′O](x + 2)P(Ph)NEt2 oligomers with HOR′O[P(Ph)(X)OR′O](x + 3)H oligomers followed by reaction with a chalcogen. The Et2N[P(Ph)(X)OR′O](x + 2)P(Ph)NEt2 oligomers are prepared by the reaction of an excess of P(Ph)(NEt2)2 with a diol while the HOR′O[P(Ph)(X)OR′O](x + 3)H oligomers are prepared by the reaction of P(Ph)(NEt2)2 with an excess of the diol. In each case the excess, x is the same and determines the average block sizes. All of the polymers were characterized using 1H, 13C{1H}, and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, TGA, DSC, and SEC. 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy demonstrates that the random and block copolymers have the expected arrangements of monomers and, in the case of block copolymers, verifies the block sizes. All polymers are thermally stable up to ~300°C, and the arrangements of monomers in the copolymers (block vs. random) affect their degradation temperatures and Tg profiles. The polymers have weight average MWs of up to 3.8 × 104 Da.
Androgens modify therapeutic response to cabazitaxel in models of advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Begemann Diane , Wang Yang , Yang Wei , Kyprianou Natasha 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDisruption of the phenotypic landscape via epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) enables prostate cancer cells to metastasize and acquire therapeutic resistance. Our previous studies demonstrated that cabazitaxel (CBZ) (second‐generation Food and Drug Administration‐approved taxane chemotherapy), used for the treatment of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), causes reversal of EMT to mesenchymal‐epithelial transition (MET) and reduces expression of kinesin motor protein KIFC1 (HSET). The present study examined the effect of sequencing CBZ chemotherapy mediated MET on prostate tumor redifferentiation overcoming therapeutic resistance in models of advanced prostate cancer.MethodsTo examine the impact of androgens on the antitumor effect of CBZ, we used human prostate cancer cell lines with different sensitivity to androgens and CBZ, in vitro, and two human prostate cancer xenograft models in vivo. Tumor‐bearing male mice (with either the androgen‐sensitive LNCaP or the CRPC 22Rv1 xenografts) were treated with CBZ (3 mg/kg) alone, or in combination with castration‐induced androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) for 14 days.ResultsCell viability assays indicate that the presence of 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (1 nM) confers resistance to CBZ in vitro. CBZ treatment in vivo induced MET in LNCaP‐derived tumors as shown by increased E‐cadherin and decreased N‐cadherin levels. Sequencing CBZ after ADT improves tumor response in androgen‐sensitive LNCaP, but not in CRPC 22Rv1 xenografts. Mechanistic dissection revealed a novel association between the androgen receptor and HSET in prostate cancer cells that is inhibited by CBZ in an androgen‐dependent manner.ConclusionsOur findings provide new insights into the phenotypic reprogramming of prostate cancer cells to resensitize tumors to CBZ action. This evidence is of translational significance in treatment sequencing (CBZ and ADT) towards improved therapeutic benefit in patients with lethal CRPC.
Experimental study on dust explosion vented through a bent duct
Authors: Pang Lei , Zhang Zhiwen , Cui Shiqi , Yuan Chunmiao , Zhu Xinrui , Yin Jiaxin , Sun Siheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, a self‐designed small cylindrical vessel was used to perform a dust explosion venting experiment through a bent duct. Based on this experiment, the influence of the bend distance and the static activation overpressure of the venting film on the explosion overpressure and the flame propagation was investigated. The results showed that both the maximum venting overpressure and pressure rise rate within the vessel increased with the decrease in the bend distance and increase in the static activation overpressure. In contrast, the duration of the combustion within the vessel exhibited the opposite trend. A typical “three‐peak” overpressure structure formed by the film rupture shock wave, secondary explosion in the duct, and continuous combustion within the vessel was observed in the duct. The third peak overpressure was dominant throughout the process. The intensity of the secondary explosion in the duct was positively correlated with the bend distance and static activation overpressure. Shorter bend distances led to greater peak‐overpressure drops after passing the bend. However, the attenuation of the secondary explosion intensity along the duct with static activation overpressure is not obvious.
Quantitative estimation of scopoletin from Argyreia speciosa (L. f.) sweet by a validated high performance thin layer chromatographic method
Authors: Vyas Niraj , Raval Manan , Patel Nidhi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRoots of Argyreia speciosa (L. f.) Sweet (Convolvulaceae) are indicated in Ayurveda to treat male reproductive system function debilities. Studies have shown that methanolic extract of the roots are capable in stimulating serum testosterone content in vitro and in vivo in rats as experimental animals. Scopoletin was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic extract. High‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method was developed for estimation of scopoletin from bioactive fraction of Argyreia speciosa (L. f.) Sweet. Samples of isolated scopoletin were applied as thin bands (8 mm) on silica gel pre‐coated on aluminum thin‐layer chromatography plates. Separation of scopoletin was achieved using mobile phase by trial‐error approach and optimized mobile phase was consisted of petroleum ether:ethyl acetate:formic acid (3:7:0.3, v/v/v). Scanning was performed in fluorescence mode at 366 nm. Evaluation was performed by linear regression using peak area. The integration was carried out and amount of scopoletin was found 2.49 ± 0.037 mg% w/w of dried weight basis of plant extract. The developed method was also validated in terms of linearity, precision, sensitivity, accuracy, specificity, and robustness as per ICH Q2(R1) guideline. This method can serve as an analytical tool for chemical evaluation of plant extract containing scopoletin.
Registration of attentional function as a predictor of incident delirium (the RAPID study)
Authors: van Zuylen Mark L. , Hermanides Jeroen , ten Hoope Werner , Preckel Benedikt , van de Beek Diederik , van Gool Willem A. , Schoenmaker Niels 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionOlder adults undergoing elective surgery have a high risk of developing postoperative delirium (POD). Validated models predicting POD are scarce. This study investigated whether preoperative impairment of attentional function predicts POD in older adults without previously diagnosed cognitive impairment.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study we recruited patients aged ≥70 years preceding major elective surgery. Preoperatively a visual vigilance test was administered to determine intra‐individual reaction‐time variability. Postoperatively, presence of delirium was screened daily.ResultsWe recruited 152 patients, 25 (16.4%) developed POD. Intra‐individual reaction‐time variability was not significantly different between patients with or without POD (0.18 ± 0.08 ms vs 0.22 ± 0.11 ms; P = 0.087). Receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated a poor accuracy for POD (area under the curve 0.609 ± 0.63). Except for surgery duration, no clinically significant between‐group differences were found for secondary outcome parameters.DiscussionPreoperative intra‐individual reaction time variability does not predict the incidence of POD in older patients undergoing major elective surgery.
Dimerization and Néel Order in Different Quantum Spin Chains Through a Shared Loop Representation
Authors: Aizenman Michael , Duminil-Copin Hugo , Warzel Simone 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ground-states of the spin-Santiferromagnetic chain$$H_{{\text {AF}}}$$HAFwith a projection-based interaction and the spin-1/2 XXZ-chain $$ H_{{\text {XXZ}}}$$HXXZat anisotropy parameter$$\Delta =\cosh (\lambda ) $$Δ=cosh(λ)share a common loop representation in terms of a two-dimensional functional integral which is similar to the classical planarQ-state Potts model at$$ \sqrt{Q}= 2S+1 =2\cosh (\lambda )$$Q=2S+1=2cosh(λ). The multifaceted relation is used here to directly relate the distinct forms of translation symmetry breaking which are manifested in the ground-states of these two models: dimerization for$$H_{{\text {AF}}}$$HAFat all$$S> 1/2$$S>1/2, and Néel order for$$ H_{{\text {XXZ}}} $$HXXZat$$\lambda >0$$λ>0. The results presented include: (i) a translation to the above quantum spin systems of the results which were recently proven by Duminil–Copin–Li–Manolescu for a broad class of two-dimensional random-cluster models, and (ii) a short proof of the symmetry breaking in a manner similar to the recent structural proof by Ray–Spinka of the discontinuity of the phase transition for$$Q>4$$Q>4. Altogether, the quantum manifestation of the change between$$Q=4$$Q=4and$$Q>4$$Q>4is a transition from a gapless ground-state to a pair of gapped and extensively distinct ground-states.
Ageing and mobility—motor control in the circle of life
Authors: Sammer A. , Sammer F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAgeing starts with the first day of life. The way in which we and our musculoskeletal system age depends greatly upon how much we move. From the very beginning, movement is the essence of life—starting in the eighth week of gestation with autonomic movements, so-called general movements. These early movements are essential to development of the proprioceptive system, which is necessary to plan and control movement itself. As is every other system in the body, the visual, vestibular, and perceptive systems are subject to an ageing process. Together with degenerative processes of the musculoskeletal system, these changes lead to the common problems of elderly people: chronic pain, balance problems, falls. Manual medicine, with its low risk approach, can help to improve these problems.
Left-sided location is a risk factor for lymph node metastasis of T1 colorectal cancer: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Mochizuki Kenichi , Kudo Shin-ei , Ichimasa Katsuro , Kouyama Yuta , Matsudaira Shingo , Takashina Yuki , Maeda Yasuharu , Ishigaki Tomoyuki , Nakamura Hiroki , Toyoshima Naoya , Mori Yuichi , Misawa Masashi , Ogata Noriyuki , Kudo Toyoki , Hayashi Takemasa , Wakamura Kunihiko , Sawada Naruhiko , Ishida Fumio , Miyachi Hideyuki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Although some studies have reported differences in clinicopathological features between left- and right-sided advanced colorectal cancer (CRC), there are few reports regarding early-stage disease. In this study, we aimed to compare the clinicopathological features of left- and right-sided T1 CRC.

Methods
Subjects were 1142 cases with T1 CRC undergoing surgical or endoscopic resection between 2001 and 2018 at Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital. Of these, 776 cases were left-sided (descending colon to rectum) and 366 cases were right-sided (cecum to transverse colon). We compared clinical (patients age, sex, tumor size, morphology, initial treatment) and pathological features (invasion depth, histological grade, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, tumor budding) including lymph node metastasis (LNM).

Results
Left-sided T1 CRC showed significantly higher rates of LNM (left-sided 12.0% vs. right-sided 5.4%, P < 0.05) and lymphatic invasion (left-sided 32.7% vs. right-sided 23.2%, P < 0.05). Especially, the sigmoid colon and rectum showed higher rates of LNM (12.4% and 12.1%, respectively) than other locations. Patients with left-sided T1 CRC were younger than those with right-sided T1 CRC (64.9 years ±11.5 years vs. 68.7 ± 11.6 years, P < 0.05), as well as significantly lower rates of poorly differentiated carcinoma/mucinous carcinoma than right-sided T1 CRC (11.6% vs. 16.1%, P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Left-sided T1 CRC, especially in the sigmoid colon and rectum, exhibited higher rates of LNM than right-sided T1 CRC, followed by higher rates of lymphatic invasion. These results suggest that tumor location should be considered in decisions regarding additional surgery after endoscopic resection.

Trial registration
This study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN 000032733).
Modellierung und Simulation am Lehrstuhl für Thermoprozesstechnik
Authors: Spijker Christoph , Rath Andreas , Raupenstrauch Harald 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Arbeitsgruppe Modellierung und Simulation am Lehrstuhl für Thermoprozesstechnik beschäftigt sich primär mit der Modellierung von Verbrennungsprozessen, wobei diese Modelle meist auf industrielle Öfen angewendet werden. Je nach Aufgabenstellung wurden spezifische Modelle entwickelt, um die jeweiligen Aggregate abzubilden. Besonders zu erwähnen sind die NOX Postprocessoren, welche eine präzise Vorhersage der Stickoxidkonzentrationen mit geringem Rechenaufwand ermöglichen. Neben der numerischen Strömungsmodellierung befasst sich die Arbeitsgruppe mit dem Blick Richtung Industrie 4.0 im Projekt FalstCalc mit Multieindimensionalen Ofenmodellen, welche mehrere Tage einer Ofenreise in Minuten abbilden können.
Cold forging of gear components by a modified Samanta process
Authors: Weiß A. , Deliktas T. , Liewald M. , Missal N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCold forging of toothed components by extrusion is associated with high punching forces and tool loads, which requires the use of expensive and high-strength tool steels. High process forces result into a substantial tool deflection, which significantly reduces the precision of the toothed components. Thus, the development of alternative processes in order to reduce acting process forces in cold forging is of high interest. A potential process enhancement approach is to use a preform operation where the resulting preform can be formed partwise either in the same or in a subsequent die. Preforms allow to systematically control the material flow in subsequent forming operations. For this reason, the Institute for Metal Forming Technology in Stuttgart has developed a new cold extrusion process for manufacturing toothed components based on the conventional Samanta process. The newly developed die design of the Guided Material Flow—Samanta (GMF—Samanta) process enables efficient cold forging of gears. By means of numerical simulations and forging experiments it was successfully demonstrated that the new Guided Material Flow—Samanta process results into a significant reduction of punch force and normal pressure while simultaneously improving the die filling.
On the linear convergence rates of exchange and continuous methods for total variation minimization
Authors: Flinth Axel , de Gournay Frédéric , Weiss Pierre 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe analyze an exchange algorithm for the numerical solution total-variation regularized inverse problems over the space $$\mathcal {M}(\varOmega )$$

M
(
Ω
)

of Radon measures on a subset $$\varOmega $$
Ω
of $$\mathbb {R}^d$$

R

d

. Our main result states that under some regularity conditions, the method eventually converges linearly. Additionally, we prove that continuously optimizing the amplitudes of positions of the target measure will succeed at a linear rate with a good initialization. Finally, we propose to combine the two approaches into an alternating method and discuss the comparative advantages of this approach.
Current therapy of KRAS-mutant lung cancer
Authors: Ghimessy Aron , Radeczky Peter , Laszlo Viktoria , Hegedus Balazs , Renyi-Vamos Ferenc , Fillinger Janos , Klepetko Walter , Lang Christian , Dome Balazs , Megyesfalvi Zsolt 
Published: June 2020

AbstractKRAS mutations are the most frequent gain-of-function alterations in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) in the Western world. Although they have been identified decades ago, prior efforts to target KRAS signaling with single-agent therapeutic approaches such as farnesyl transferase inhibitors, prenylation inhibition, impairment of KRAS downstream signaling, and synthetic lethality screens have been unsuccessful. Moreover, the role of KRAS oncogene in LADC is still not fully understood, and its prognostic and predictive impact with regards to the standard of care therapy remains controversial. Of note, KRAS-related studies that included general non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) population instead of LADC patients should be very carefully evaluated. Recently, however, comprehensive genomic profiling and wide-spectrum analysis of other co-occurring genetic alterations have identified unique therapeutic vulnerabilities. Novel targeted agents such as the covalent KRAS G12C inhibitors or the recently proposed combinatory approaches are some examples which may allow a tailored treatment for LADC patients harboring KRAS mutations. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the therapeutic approaches of KRAS-mutated LADC and provides an update on the most recent advances in KRAS-targeted anti-cancer strategies, with a focus on potential clinical implications.
Axiomatic Natural Philosophy and the Emergence of Biology as a Science
Authors: van den Berg Hein , Demarest Boris 
Published: June 2020

AbstractErnst Mayr argued that the emergence of biology as a special science in the early nineteenth century was possible due to the demise of the mathematical model of science and its insistence on demonstrative knowledge. More recently, John Zammito has claimed that the rise of biology as a special science was due to a distinctive experimental, anti-metaphysical, anti-mathematical, and anti-rationalist strand of thought coming from outside of Germany. In this paper we argue that this narrative neglects the important role played by the mathematical and axiomatic model of science in the emergence of biology as a special science. We show that several major actors involved in the emergence of biology as a science in Germany were working with an axiomatic conception of science that goes back at least to Aristotle and was popular in mid-eighteenth-century German academic circles due to its endorsement by Christian Wolff. More specifically, we show that at least two major contributors to the emergence of biology in Germany—Caspar Friedrich Wolff and Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus—sought to provide a conception of the new science of life that satisfies the criteria of a traditional axiomatic ideal of science. Both C.F. Wolff and Treviranus took over strong commitments to the axiomatic model of science from major philosophers of their time, Christian Wolff and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, respectively. The ideal of biology as an axiomatic science with specific biological fundamental concepts and principles thus played a role in the emergence of biology as a special science.
Multiple Attractors and Long Transients in Spatially Structured Populations with an Allee Effect
Authors: Vortkamp Irina , Schreiber Sebastian J. , Hastings Alan , Hilker Frank M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present a discrete-time model of a spatially structured population and explore the effects of coupling when the local dynamics contain a strong Allee effect and overcompensation. While an isolated population can exhibit only bistability and essential extinction, a spatially structured population can exhibit numerous coexisting attractors. We identify mechanisms and parameter ranges that can protect the spatially structured population from essential extinction, whereas it is inevitable in the local system. In the case of weak coupling, a state where one subpopulation density lies above and the other one below the Allee threshold can prevent essential extinction. Strong coupling, on the other hand, enables both populations to persist above the Allee threshold when dynamics are (approximately) out of phase. In both cases, attractors have fractal basin boundaries. Outside of these parameter ranges, dispersal was not found to prevent essential extinction. We also demonstrate how spatial structure can lead to long transients of persistence before the population goes extinct.