bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile Observation Field Experiment of Atmospheric Vertical Structure and Its Application in Precipitation Forecasts Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Cheng Xinghong , Xu Xiangde , Bai Gang , Wang Ruiwen , Ma Jianzhong , Su Debin , Chen Bing , Ma Siying , Hu Chunmei , Zhang Shengjun , Zhao Runze , Yang Hongda , Cheng Siyang , Zhang Wenqian , Wang Shizhu , Xie Gang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe carried out the first Mobile Field Observation Campaign of Atmospheric Profiles (MFOCAP) in the southeast Tibet and the Three‐River Source Region (TRSR) of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) by adopting two vehicle‐mounted integrated mobile observations (MO) system from July 18 to 30, 2021. Reliable MO data sets of air temperature (Ta), water vapor density (WVD) and relative humidity (RH) with high spatio‐temporal resolution over the TP were obtained and assimilated to improve precipitation forecast using the four‐dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation (DA) method. The results show that Ta, WVD and RH profile data retrieved with the mobile microwave radiometer (MR) are credible over the TP. The atmospheric vertical structure measured by the mobile MR can reproduce the spatio‐temporal evolution characteristics of water vapor transport, temperature stratification and cloud structure. The distribution pattern of 24‐hr accumulated rainfall prediction with Ta profile DA was closer to measurements, and 6–12 hr forecasts for low to moderate rainfall in the central and western regions of Qinghai province were improved significantly. Data assimilation with air temperature retrievals from mobile MR observations were found beneficial for accurate simulation of water vapor transport, convergence and divergence of wind field, and upward motion associated with precipitation events. The finding of this study highlights the value of MR remote sensing observations in improving the rainfall monitoring and forecasts over the TP and downstream regions.
Investigation of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the cockle shell-derived calcium silicate-based pulp capping material: a pilot study
Authors: Amonchaiyapitak Orana , Santiwong Busayarat , Wasanapiarnpong Thanakorn , Chanamuangkon Theerapat , Linsuwanont Pairoj 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Hard-setting calcium hydroxide-based materials, e.g., Dycal and Life, have been widely used for direct pulp capping. However, various studies have shown undesirable effects such as high solubility and unpredictable dentine bridge formation. Bioceramic, mainly composed of tricalcium and dicalcium silicates, e.g., mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine, have provided more desirable physical and biological properties. This study aims to measure the physical properties, chemical properties, and biological response of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) on three dental pulp-capping materials, Dycal, Life, and cockle shell-derived tricalcium silicate pulp capping material (C-Cap).

Methods
C-Cap was prepared from cockle shells and rice husk ash. Its chemical composition was identified using X-ray diffractometry. The setting time, flow, solubility, and radiopacity tests were performed following the International Organization for Standardization 6876:2012. pH and calcium ion release were measured. The materials were subjected to an extraction medium at various concentrations and subsequently measured for cytotoxicity and migration on HDPCs, from three healthy, mature permanent teeth from different donors. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by examining alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity and alizarin red staining assay. The data were tested for a normal distribution. The differences among groups were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test (p < 0.05).

Results
The setting time of each material was approximately 1–2 min. C-Cap showed the lowest solubility (10.27% ± 1.02%) compared to Dycal (12.67% ± 0.94%) and Life (12.74% ± 1.33%), with a significant difference (p < 0.05). All materials exhibited radiopacity ranging from 2.4 to 2.9 mm of aluminum. C-Cap had the highest flow, alkalinity, and calcium ion release. C-Cap was significantly less cytotoxic than Dycal and Life (p < 0.05). The migration of HDPCs cultured in C-Cap extraction medium (27.74% ± 0.12%) was comparable to that in serum-free medium (27.09% ± 0.08%) with a significant difference (p < 0.05). The mineralization by HDPCs maintained in C-Cap extraction medium was significantly higher than those in Dycal and Life extraction mediums with a significant difference (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
C-Cap, a tricalcium silicate-based pulp capping material has potential for further development. C-Cap exhibited comparable physical properties and superior biological properties when compared to Dycal and Life.
Immediate and delayed micro shear bond strength evaluation of two glass ionomer cements to composite resin by using different bonding techniques—an in vitro study
Authors: Saleh Somaya Ali , Hassan Nisreen Nabiel , Algarni Amna , Zahran Ranya , Farag Abeer , Hashem Danya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
Evaluating immediate and delayed micro shear bond strength (µSBS) between composite resin and glass ionomer cements using different adhesive systems and mechanical surface treatment.

Materials and methods
A total of 240 specimens of glass ionomer restorative materials were divided into two groups: Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) namely Riva Light Cure and Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (CGIC) namely Riva Self Cure. These were subdivided into immediate (24 h) and delayed (3 months) storage and further divided into smooth, medium, and rough surface treatment with either total etch (TE) or self-etch (SE) adhesive strategies. Composite resin was applied and µSBS of the sample was determined and failure modes were examined.

Results
Immediate µSBS of RMGIC was superior than CGIC and TE was better than SE. Within RMGIC, smooth surface has significantly higher bond strength than medium and rough stone surface treatment. Delayed µSBS of RMGIC was superior than CGIC. Within RMGIC specimens, TE and smooth and medium grit had significantly better bond strength than SE and rough grit. Within CGIC, statistically higher bond strength values were found with medium grit compared to smooth while no difference was found between TE and SE.

Conclusion
Bonding composite resin to smooth RMGIC using TE yielded higher bond strength values than CGIC regardless of the time. Bonding composite resin immediately to CGIC is best done using a TE technique. However, delayed bonding to CGIC requires roughening of the CGIC surface prior to placement of the composite resin to obtain improved bonding.
Apicomplexan mitoribosome from highly fragmented rRNAs to a functional machine
Authors: Wang Chaoyue , Kassem Sari , Rocha Rafael Eduardo Oliveira , Sun Pei , Nguyen Tan-Trung , Kloehn Joachim , Liu Xianyong , Brusini Lorenzo , Bonavoglia Alessandro , Barua Sramona , Boissier Fanny , Lucia Del Cistia Mayara , Peng Hongjuan , Tang Xinming , Xie Fujie , Wang Zixuan , Vadas Oscar , Suo Xun , Hashem Yaser , Soldati-Favre Dominique , Jia Yonggen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe phylum Apicomplexa comprises eukaryotic parasites that cause fatal diseases affecting millions of people and animals worldwide. Their mitochondrial genomes have been significantly reduced, leaving only three protein-coding genes and highly fragmented mitoribosomal rRNAs, raising challenging questions about mitoribosome composition, assembly and structure. Our study reveals how Toxoplasma gondii assembles over 40 mt-rRNA fragments using exclusively nuclear-encoded mitoribosomal proteins and three lineage-specific families of RNA-binding proteins. Among these are four proteins from the Apetala2/Ethylene Response Factor (AP2/ERF) family, originally known as transcription factors in plants and Apicomplexa, now repurposed as essential mitoribosome components. Cryo-EM analysis of the mitoribosome structure demonstrates how these AP2 proteins function as RNA binders to maintain mitoribosome integrity. The mitoribosome is also decorated with members of lineage-specific RNA-binding proteins belonging to RAP (RNA-binding domain abundant in Apicomplexa) proteins and HPR (heptatricopeptide repeat) families, highlighting the unique adaptations of these parasites. Solving the molecular puzzle of apicomplexan mitoribosome could inform the development of therapeutic strategies targeting organellar translation.
A blazar in the epoch of reionization
Authors: Bañados Eduardo , Momjian Emmanuel , Connor Thomas , Belladitta Silvia , Decarli Roberto , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Venemans Bram P. , Walter Fabian , Wang Feige , Xie Zhang-Liang , Barth Aaron J. , Eilers Anna-Christina , Fan Xiaohui , Khusanova Yana , Schindler Jan-Torge , Stern Daniel , Yang Jinyi , Andika Irham Taufik , Carilli Christopher L. , Farina Emanuele P. , Fabian Andrew , Hennawi Joseph F. , Pensabene Antonio , Rojas-Ruiz Sofía 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Relativistic jets are thought to play a crucial role in the formation and evolution of massive galaxies and supermassive black holes. Blazars, which are quasars with jets aligned along our line of sight, provide insights into the jetted population and have been observed up to redshifts of z = 6.1. Here, we report the discovery and multi-wavelength characterization of the blazar VLASS J041009.05−013919.88 at z = 7 (age of the Universe ~750 Myr), which is powered by a ~7 × 108 M
⊙ black hole. The presence of this high-redshift blazar implies a large population of similar but unaligned jetted sources in the early Universe. Our findings suggest two possible scenarios. In one, the jet in J0410−0139 is intrinsically low power but appears highly luminous due to relativistic beaming, suggesting that most ultraviolet-bright quasars at this redshift host jets. Alternatively, if J0410−0139 represents an intrinsically powerful radio source, there should be hundreds to thousands of radio-quiet quasars at z ≈ 7 with properties like those of J0410−0139, a prediction in tension with observed quasar densities based on their ultraviolet luminosity function. These results support the hypothesis that the rapid growth of black holes in the early Universe may be driven by jet-enhanced or obscured super-Eddington accretion, potentially playing a key role in forming massive black holes during the epoch of reionization.
Hybrid bagging and boosting with SHAP based feature selection for enhanced predictive modeling in intrusion detection systems
Authors: Ahmed Usman , Jiangbin Zheng , Almogren Ahmad , Sadiq Muhammad , Rehman Ateeq Ur , Sadiq M. T. , Choi Jaeyoung 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe novelty and growing sophistication of cyber threats mean that high accuracy and interpretable machine learning models are needed more than ever before for Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems. This study aims to solve this challenge by applying Explainable AI techniques, including Shapley Additive explanations feature selection, to improve model performance, robustness, and transparency. The method systematically employs different classifiers and proposes a new hybrid method called Hybrid Bagging-Boosting and Boosting on Residuals. Then, performance is taken in four steps: the multistep evaluation of hybrid ensemble learning methods for binary classification and fine-tuning of performance; feature selection using Shapley Additive explanations values retraining the hybrid model for better performance and reducing overfitting; the generalization of the proposed model for multiclass classification; and the evaluation using standard information metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Key results indicate that the proposed methods outperform state-of-the-art algorithms, achieving a peak accuracy of 98.47% and an F1 score of 96.19%. These improvements stem from advanced feature selection and resampling techniques, enhancing model accuracy and balancing precision and recall. Integrating Shapley Additive explanations-based feature selection with hybrid ensemble methods significantly boosts the predictive and explanatory power of Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems, addressing common pitfalls in traditional cybersecurity models. This study paves the way for further research on statistical innovations to enhance Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems performance.
Magnetic properties of quenched binary and ternary quasicrystal approximants
Authors: Denoel Fernand , Shiino Takayuki , Huang Yu-Chin , Gebresenbut Girma Hailu , Pay Gómez Cesar , Mathieu Roland 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe magnetic properties of binary Gd-Cd and ternary Gd-Au-Ge crystals obtained from the newly introduced low-melt peritectic formation (LMPF) synthesis method were investigated. This method consists of a rapid quenching of the metallic melt followed by an annealing treatment at a relevant temperature. In the first system, both quasicrystal (QC) and approximant crystal (AC) phases can be stabilized, whereas only the AC phase is obtainable in the pseudo-binary Gd-(Au-Ge) system. The magnetic properties of the crystals obtained from LMPF for each system are compared to those of larger single grain crystals obtained from the self-flux (SF) method.
Molecular mechanism targeting condensin for chromosome condensation
Authors: Wang Menglu , Robertson Daniel , Zou Juan , Spanos Christos , Rappsilber Juri , Marston Adele L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Genomes are organised into DNA loops by the Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) proteins. SMCs establish functional chromosomal sub-domains for DNA repair, gene expression and chromosome segregation, but how SMC activity is specifically targeted is unclear. Here, we define the molecular mechanism targeting the condensin SMC complex to specific chromosomal regions in budding yeast. A conserved pocket on the condensin HAWK subunit Ycg1 binds to chromosomal receptors carrying a related motif, CR1. In early mitosis, CR1 motifs in receptors Sgo1 and Lrs4 recruit condensin to pericentromeres and rDNA, to facilitate sister kinetochore biorientation and rDNA condensation, respectively. We additionally find that chromosome arm condensation begins as sister kinetochores come under tension, in a manner dependent on the Ycg1 pocket. We propose that multiple CR1-containing proteins recruit condensin to chromosomes and identify several additional candidates based on their sequence. Overall, we uncover the molecular mechanism that targets condensin to functionalise chromosomal domains to achieve accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis.
Does Generalization Occur Following Speech Therapy? A Study in Children With a Cleft Palate
Authors: Alighieri Cassandra , De Coster Camille , Bettens Kim , Pereira Valerie 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
This study compared the occurrence of different types of generalization (within-class, across-class, and total generalization) following motor-phonetic speech therapy and linguistic-phonological speech therapy in children with a cleft palate ± cleft lip (CP ± L).

Method:

Thirteen children with a CP ± L (
M
age
= 7.50 years) who previously participated in a block-randomized, sham-controlled design comparing motor-phonetic therapy (
n
= 7) and linguistic-phonological therapy (
n
= 6) participated in this study. Speech samples consisting of word imitation and sentence imitation were collected on different data points before and after therapy and perceptually assessed using the Dutch translation of the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech—Augmented. The percentages within-class, across-class, and total generalization were calculated for the different target consonants. Generalization in the two groups was compared over time using linear mixed models (LMMs).

Results:
LMM revealed significant Time × Group interactions for the percentage within-class generalization in sentence imitation and total generalization in sentence imitation tasks indicating that these percentages were significantly higher in the group of children who received linguistic-phonological intervention. No Time × Group interactions were found for the percentages across-class generalization.

Conclusions:
Generalization can occur following both motor-phonetic intervention as well as linguistic-phonological intervention. A linguistic-phonological approach, however, was observed to result in larger percentages of within-class and total generalization scores. As children with a CP ± L often receive yearlong intervention to eliminate cleft-related speech sound errors, these findings on the superior generalization effects of linguistic-phonological intervention are important to consider in clinical practice.
AI‐powered automated analysis of bone scans: A survey
Authors: Lin Qiang , He Yang , Guo Sihan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs one of the key techniques of artificial intelligence, deep learning has emerged as an effective approach for analysing medical images. Various imaging techniques including the planar bone scintigraphy, single photon emission computed tomography and PET can be used to evaluate, in vivo, bone conditions. The introduction of deep learning techniques especially the convolutional neural networks can significantly improve diagnosis accuracy and efficiency of nuclear medicine physicians. Focusing on bone scans acquired by various nuclear medicine imaging techniques, his paper reviews existing work on deep learning‐based classification, segmentation and object detection of bone scans. Specifically, an overview of existing work about research objective is presented, deep learning models are adopted, and main results are achieved. Research challenges and directions for developing automated analysis of bone scans with deep learning techniques are then discussed.
Detecting flying objects in synthetic aperture radar images using Moving Target Indicator methods
Authors: Hansen Elliot J. , Ng Brian W.‐H. , Preiss Mark 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe growing proliferation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors brings the tantalising prospect of extending their utility into ‘novel’ applications. One potential extension is the detection of fast moving and accelerating flying objects in SAR imagery. However, since SAR image formation typically assumes the scene to be static over the coherent processing interval, moving objects give rise to blurred point spread functions, significant range migration and even potential aliasing of target signatures. The result is reduced target to clutter ratio (TCR) and poor detection performance. Successful detection of airborne targets thus requires compensation for potentially large target acceleration and velocity values observed over the comparatively long dwell times typical of practical SAR collection paradigms. This paper considers this problem and presents two main ideas to achieve this goal: a carefully constructed Moving Target Indicator (MTI) detection method implemented using real‐world Ingara SAR data, and a theoretical ground clutter suppression method. The MTI detection method combines several well‐known techniques for the flying target detection problem: interferometric processing, clutter suppression, and autofocus, and provides an extended acceleration phase compensation technique for highly accelerating targets such as planes. This proposed processing pipeline has been applied to experimental data of a plane during take off (a challenging Doppler unambiguous moving target), with the goal of continued detecting and tracking of this target. A generalised SAR signal model is presented that parameterises a flying moving target signature in terms of range and azimuthal target velocities and accelerations. Data driven approaches for estimating these motion parameters are examined and applied to experimental data acquired with the Ingara SAR sensor. The detection method was found to improve TCR by around 6 dB, along with superior detection and tracking performance. Following this, a theoretical study into suppressing ground clutter via multi‐channel cross‐track interferometry is investigated. Three separate ground clutter suppression methods, coherent subtraction, conventional beamforming, and minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer, are presented then analysed using stochastic simulations. The MVDR adaptive beamformer method was found to provide the best performance for the scenario simulated.
The Freudian subject in the digital sphere: on systems and the alethosphere
Authors: Heimann Marc , Hübener Anne-Friederike 
Published: December 2024

AbstractModern concepts of information based in computation are centrally reliant on the idea of the system as a holistic and encompassing structure that might be complex, but never includes true indeterminacy. The unconscious of the Freudian subject on the other hand is centrally marked by an indeterminacy that is not transferable to the digital sphere. How to conceptualize these competing ontologies and their effect on the subject? The current zeitgeist more often than not implies a universal computability, especially with the genesis of modern AI. However, by taking the logical basis of computability into account a different picture appears. To demarcate where psychoanalysis and continental philosophy’s concept of the subject leave the realm of the computable, the foundational logics of Heidegger and Lacan are utilized.
Comparison of chlorophyll content estimation using chlorophyll meters and leaf chloroplast pigments extracted from Eucalyptus urophylla and Khaya senegalensis seedlings
Authors: Silva Leandro Dias da , Bonfim Raul Antonio Araújo do , Barbosa Mateus Pires , Sá Milton Carriço , Oliveira Leonardo Santos de , Almeida Matheus Ferreira , Cairo Paulo Araquém Ramos 
Published: December 2024

Context Estimating chloroplast pigment content by using chlorophyll meters is faster and cheaper than by using traditional pigment-extraction protocols. However, the reliability of chlorophyll meters requires a preliminary test of the relationship between the estimated and actual concentrations. Aims To establish an optimized protocol for extracting leaf chloroplast pigments from Eucalyptus urophylla and Khaya senegalensis seedlings. Moreover, we evaluated the relationship between chlorophyll-content estimation by using chlorophyll meters with the SPAD index by using SPAD-502 and with Falker chlorophyll index (FCI) by using ClorofiLOG, and that by using the optimal chloroplast pigment-extraction protocol. Methods The effectiveness of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) saturated with CaCO3 at 25°C and 65°C and 80% acetone (v/v) was assessed as extractors, by using different incubation times. Chlorophyll-content estimation was assessed using chlorophyll meters with the SPAD index by using SPAD-502 and with Falker chlorophyll index (FCI) by using ClorofiLOG. Key results For both Eucalyptus urophylla and Khaya senegalensis seedlings, the optimal protocol for extracting pigments from chloroplasts was incubation for 4 h by using DMSO saturated with CaCO3 at 65°C. Chlorophyll-content estimation using SPAD-502 and ClorofiLOG showed a strong positive correlation with measurements from the optimized pigment-extraction protocol. Furthermore, the regression equations of the chlorophyll-content estimation with chlorophyll meters allowed predicting the real content, because the values were very close to those measured using traditional extraction protocols. Conclusions The SPAD index and the FCI were reliable methods for estimating chlorophyll content in seedlings of both species. This could make measuring the chloroplast pigments faster and cheaper, especially regarding experimentation under field conditions.