bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collecting regional data for public health focusing on diet and sustainability measures using myfood24
Authors: Cade J.E. , Rycroft C. , Beer S. , Corrigan N 
Published: December 2024

There is no regular, routine measurement of food and nutrient intake undertaken regionally in the UK. This makes evaluation of local public health interventions challenging. Consumers want to be more sustainable in what they are eating. Social media penetration in the UK is 90%(1), with ∼47m people using Facebook, a potential route to study recruitment. Nutritional analysis software with accurate underpinning food composition and sustainability data could enable quick and easy large scale data collection. This study aimed to collect diet and sustainability measures using online tools and to test the feasibility of using social media to obtain a large, regionally focused sample in a short time.We undertook a rapid, time limited, regional (Yorkshire and Humber) food and nutrient tracking survey ‘One day: Diet in Yorkshire and Humber’ for use with policy makers(2). A Facebook (FB) boost approach was used to recruit a regional sample of adults. Participants completed a brief online demographic survey and used myfood24® to give a detailed measure of their food intake for the previous day. myfood24® generic and branded databases were used(3) which include sustainability metrics.The FB posts were boosted for 21 days and reached 76.9k individuals. Just under £1,000 was spent on 3 FB boosts and 1,428 participants completed the questionnaire. 673 participants also completed the one-day diet diary. Hull, Barnsley and Doncaster had the highest rates of overweight and obesity in the region. Overall nutrient values recorded were similar to national survey data for older women. Intakes of fibre (mean 18g, SD 11) and iron (mean 9.6mg, SD 5.0) were low. For the first time, measures of sustainability from the diet were calculated from myfood24®.The mean greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) were 5.9(kg CO2 eq/day) (95% CI 5.6, 6.1); land use 9.0 (m2year/day) (95% CI 7.6, 10.3) and water use 582 (l/day) (95% CI 551, 611). Regression analysis showed that for each additional 100kcal consumed there was a significant increase in GHGE of 0.9 (kg CO2 eq/day) (95% CI 0.8, 1.1). Land and water use were also significantly increased with increasing energy intake. Adjusting for total energy, protein intake was positively associated with all 3 metrics. Carbohydrate was inversely associated with GHGE and land use. However, fat intake was not associated with any of the sustainability measures. Portions of fruit and vegetables consumed were positively associated with water use only.Diet is clearly linked to sustainability. The mean GHGE from diet is equivalent to driving an average car ∼22km/day. We successfully recruited a large sample in a short timeframe using FB. Participants were able to use online tools to report food intakes. This data is relevant to local and national policy makers to monitor and evaluate public health programmes.
From Bytes to Bites; Advancing Data Collection Methodologies for Enhanced Branded Food Insights
Authors: Kirwan L.B. , O’Sullivan E. , Hogan S. , Douglas F. , Kelly D’O 
Published: December 2024

Nutrition research relies on food databases which are extensively used in dietary surveys, clinical practice, research, and policy development (1). Online data volume is expected to increase up to 180 zettabytes by 2025, due to a proliferation of internet-connected devices, the growth of social media platforms, and a digital transformation of industries (2). Webscraping, a method to extract data from websites, has been previously used in Ireland to evaluate online retailer information as a potential source for monitoring food reformulation efforts in the Irish retail market (3). This study aims to outline a process for, and evaluate the use of, webscraping on online supermarket websites to increase data availability to researchers.An online supermarket website was selected to trial the new process. Octoparse software version 8 was downloaded. 12 data fields of interest were identified; cost, lifestyle, net weight, Directions for use, Storage instructions, Nutrition information, Front of pack information, legal name, brand name, manufacturer, ingredients, and allergy advice. A process was defined for data web scraping in four main steps; 1) collection of category level URL’s, 2) collection of product level URL’s, 3) collection of data at product level within defined fields and 4) data cleaning and re-structuring. A workflow was created in Octoparse for steps i - iii and step iv was completed using Excel version 16.69.1.83 category level page links were generated and entered into Octoparse software. Webscraping was completed on 3,095 product level URLs. Data on 1,450 products (47%) were successfully scraped as they had data within the 12 defined data fields. A new dataset was created for the 1,450 products with data fields including information on nutrition (energy, fat, of which saturates, carbohydrate, of which sugars, fibre, protein and salt), costs per serving and per kg, lifestyle factors (e.g. whether a product was vegetarian or vegan), ingredient lists and allergy advice. 637 products (44%) were found to have vegetarian/vegan claims. Micronutrient level data was limited.An increased availability of online data presents an opportunity for the development of new and more systematically updated datasets, and may increase the availability of information on branded products. Webscraping enables researchers to create new databases, and systematically update datasets, with less resources. This study enhances the availability of data and may enable researchers to explore new avenues for understanding food environments. Future research should test the process on additional websites to increase coverage of the Irish retail market and across different regions, identify sources with more in-depth nutritional data, and evaluate use case in mobile applications. Web scraping offers a promising tool for advancing research in food science and nutrition, and providing access to diverse datasets for research and innovation that change with the times.
Salivary redox biomarkers of overweight and obese adults in response to prebiotics intervention
Authors: Meng Xiangyu , Ke Lijing , Li Li 
Published: December 2024

Overweight and obesity are fast-growing risk to health. Its occurrence and prevalence are positively correlated to oxidative stress and inflammation. Saliva, as a crucial biological fluid, contains numerous redox biomarkers related to overweight and obesity(1) and is consistent with the corresponding biomarkers in blood(2). The prebiotics have been found to regulate the energy metabolism and reduce the severity of obesity. Their influences on salivary redox homeostasis, however, remain unclear. This study set out to investigate the changes in salivary redox biomarkers of overweight/obese Chinese adults in response to prebiotic intervention.In total 102 overweight and obese adults (BMI ≥ 26.5, male: female = 48:54) were recruited and randomly assigned to intervention group and placebo control. The intervention group received a prebiotics cocktail (10 g per serving, containing 3.6 g of inulin, 3.6 g of resistant dextrin, 0.8 g of oat fiber, 0.8 g of psyllium husk), while the control group received a placebo, 3 times per day for three months. Their saliva samples before and after intervention were collected by natural flow method and quantified for the salivary flow rate, total protein content, and salivary redox biomarkers, namely ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), thiol, uric acid, malondialdehyde, glutathione (GSH) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity. There are 32 participants has completed the intervention while the other 70 participants are still ongoing.The data collected to date showed an average weight reduction of 5.37 kg in the intervention group and 0.72 kg in the placebo control, with a significantly different BMI (p < 0.05). The intervention group showed significant decreases in salivary uric acid and malondialdehyde (p < 0.05), and significant increases in FRAP, GSH levels, and SOD enzyme activity (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were found among other biomarkers. It is worth noting that the salivary flow rate increased slightly while gaining the weight loss, although not significantly. Upon completion of the study, the salivary attributes will be correlated with gut microbiome profile to interpret the link between redox homeostasis in body fluids and prebiotics-caused gut microbial alternation.This study provides new insights in the redox biomarkers of overweight or obese adults, particularly in response to the prebiotic intervention and the subsequent weight loss. It may facilitate the establishment of noninvasive methods for determination of the redox biomarkers of obese patients and evaluation of dietary intervention.
An investigation into the palatability of a new glycomacropeptide based protein substitute among a sample of phenylketonuria patients.
Authors: Gallagher E. , Randles G. , Hovey J. , O’Neill J.L. , Wilkinson S. 
Published: December 2024

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited rare metabolic disorder that is caused by a lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. One in every 4,545 infants born in Ireland have PKU(1). This condition is managed by a low protein diet and the consumption of nutritional supplements that provide all essential amino-acids. However, the palatability of these supplements is often unpleasant, as they are formulated with pure amino-acids(2). Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a by-product of cheese making that is naturally low in phenylalanine, while still being a rich source of amino-acids. As it is a natural protein source, it has improved palatability and texture, and is a suitable alternative to aminoacid based supplements(3).The aim of this study was to evaluate the palatability of a new GMP based protein substitute PKU GMPro Ultra, Lemonade and Vanilla flavours, among a sample of PKU patients, and assess their expected compliance of using this product.Samples of the study product were available for monadic taste testing at two patient events that took place in December 2023 and March 2024. All PKU patients attending were eligible to take part. The taste test was not blinded, as the patients were aware they were tasting either the lemonade or vanilla flavoured study product. Patients sampled ∼20ml of the study product and then answered a short six-question survey. This included questions on age, gender, the rating of the product out of 5 (5 being the highest and 1 being the lowest) and expected compliance of one serving of the product (180ml). Compliance was measured using a Likert scale. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS v29 to calculate frequencies, mean and standard deviation.A total of 21 PKU patients taste tested the study samples. The mean age of patients was 17.88 years (SD 12.9), with 67% of participants being aged 16 years or younger. With regards to taste, it was found that 62% (n = 13) of patients rated the product either 4/5 or 5/5, therefore rating the product satisfactory(4). The other 38% (n = 8) rated the product between 1 to 3 out of 5. Patients were also asked how likely it was that they would finish a whole serving of the study product. 67% (n = 14) reported that they were likely to complete one serving of the study product, while 33% (n = 7) stated they were unlikely to finish a whole serving.In this sample of PKU patients, the majority found the new GMP based protein substitute to be palatable. These substitutes have been shown to be highly palatable, safe and acceptable alternatives to amino-acid based protein substitutes, which may improve dietary compliance(5). It is important that patients have a wide choice of protein substitutes, which are convenient, flexible and avoid taste-fatigue.
Suicidal behavior in patients with severe mental disorders prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Bergström Jakob , Josefsson Pontus , Taipale Heidi , Sijbrandij Marit , Witteveen Anke , Monzio Compagnoni Matteo , Lora Antonio , Felez-Nobrega Mireia , Haro Josep Maria , Melchior Maria , van der Waerden Judith , Gemes Katalin , Amin Ridwanul 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundDetermining whether the incidence of suicidal behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic changed for those with severe mental disorders is essential to ensure the provision of suicide preventive initiatives in the case of future health crises.MethodsUsing population-based registers, quarterly cohorts from the first quarter of 2018 (2018Q1) to 2021Q4 were formed including all Swedish-residents >10 years old. Interrupted time series and generalized estimating equations analyses were used to evaluate changes in Incidence Rates (IR) of specialised healthcare use for suicide attempt and death by suicide per 10 000 person-years for individuals with or without specific severe mental disorders (SMDs) during, compared to before the pandemic.ResultsThe IR (95% Confidence interval, CI) of suicide in individuals with SMDs decreased from 16.0 (15.0–17.1) in 2018Q1 to 11.6 (10.8–12.5) in 2020Q1 (i.e. the quarter before the start of the pandemic), after which it dropped further to 6.7 (6.3–7.2) in 2021Q2. In contrast, IRs of suicide attempt in SMDs showed more stable trends, as did the trends regarding suicide and suicide attempt for individuals without SMD. These discrepancies were most evident for individuals with substance use disorder and ASD/ADHD. Changes in IRs of suicide v. suicide attempt for one quarter during the pandemic for substance misuse were 11.2% v. 3.6% respectively. These changes for ASD/ADHD were 10.7% v. 3.6%.ConclusionsThe study shows pronounced decreases in suicide rates in individuals with SMDs during the pandemic. Further studies aiming to understand mechanisms behind these trends are warranted to consult future suicide prevention strategies.
Licenses to retain in Tudor England, 1541–1585
Authors: McKelvie Gordon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Late medievalists have shown that retaining was central to English political society in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. They have also debunked the myth that Henry VII sought to end noble retaining and shown that such practices continued into the sixteenth century. Despite this, there has been no focused examination of licenses that Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I granted to select individuals permitting them to retain beyond those categories of servants specified in early acts. These licenses are a unique and underexplored source base that allows questions normally posed by medievalists to be posed for the early modern period. This article examines 138 licenses between 1541 and 1585, identifying the patterns of such grants and their role in understanding the crown's use of noble and gentry retaining in the mid sixteenth century. The reason for each grant differed but all recipients were deemed useful to the crown for various reasons, illustrating the continued collaboration between crown and nobility into the sixteenth century. Throughout, this article emphasises the implications of licenses to retain for understanding the attitude of the English crown to the private power of nobles and gentry over the longue durée.
Developing land-use planning scenarios in Türkiye to reduce water-induced soil erosion
Authors: Saygın Fikret , Aytop Halil , Dengiz Orhan 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Because soil erosion constrains agricultural productivity and overuse of soils exacerbates erosion, land use can only be sustained through the implementation of land evaluation. We studied five land-use scenarios including erosion-reducing land terracing and contour farming using ILSEN modelling. These scenarios’ rates of soil loss were determined using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) method. We found that all the erosion-reducing scenarios reduced soil loss compared to the current land use of the study area; in the non-agricultural land use, soil erosion was reduced 4.25 times. The model is expected to inform reduction of soil erosion in geographies characterized by rugged topography.
Pattern reversal chromatic VEPs like onsets, are unaffected by attentional demand
Authors: Arthur Christabel , Kavcar Osman B. , Wise Mackenzie V. , Crognale Michael A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Attention has been shown to modulate the visual evoked potential (VEP) recorded to reversing achromatic patterns. However, the chromatic onset VEP appears to be robust to attentional shifts. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses to both chromatic and achromatic reversing patterns are also affected by attention. Resolution and comparison of these results is problematic due to differences in presentation mode, stimulus parameters, and the source of the response. Here, we report the results of experiments using comparable perceptual contrasts, pattern reversals, and a co-extensive and highly demanding multiple object tracking (MOT) task while exploring the effects of attentional modulation across both the chromatic (L − M) and (S − (L + M)) and the achromatic visual pathways. Our findings indicate that although achromatic VEPs are modulated by attention, chromatic VEPs are more robust to attentional modulation, even when using comparable stimulus presentation modes and in the presence of a highly demanding distractor task. In addition, we found that the majority of the modulation appears to be from a relative decrease in response due to the distractor task rather than a relative increase in response during heightened attention to the stimulus.
Can we diagnose aortic arch obstruction in a fetus with an atrioventricular septal defect?
Authors: Akam-Venkata Jyothsna , Thankavel Poonam P. , Hussain Tarique , Sharma Kavita , Balakrishnan Preetha L. , Ikemba Catherine M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground:Aortic arch obstruction and/or coarctation of aorta is uncommon (5–20%) in balanced atrioventricular septal defects. Although technically challenging, prenatal diagnosis of aortic arch obstruction in atrioventricular septal defect is critical for delivery planning and improves prenatal counselling regarding the timing of cardiac surgery. We sought to identify prenatal predictors of coarctation of aorta in atrioventricular septal defect.Methods:Retrospective review of patients prenatally diagnosed with atrioventricular septal defect at two institutions.Results:Ninety-five fetuses with atrioventricular septal defect were identified and sufficient outcome data and diagnostic acoustic windows were available in 62. Six patients (10%) had coarctation of aorta after birth. Among the 38 patients with Trisomy 21, four (11%) had coarctation of aorta. On multivariable analysis, the proximal transverse aortic arch z score and ratio of left:right atrioventricular valve were independent predictors of coarctation of aorta with good interobserver reproducibility. Either proximal transverse aortic arch z score < −2, or ratio of left:right atrioventricular valve <0.7, predicted aortic arch obstruction with 100% sensitivity and 89% specificity.Conclusion:Proximal transverse aortic arch z score and lower ratio of left:right atrioventricular valve diameter are independent predictors of postnatal coarctation of aorta in fetal patients with atrioventricular septal defect. The next step is the prospective application of these parameters to create an algorithm directing fetal counselling in terms of delivery location, and expected timing of surgical interventions.
Licit magic in Pashto: artistry and ethnicity in the verses of two classical Pashtun poets
Authors: Pelevin Mikhail 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Regular remarks of early modern Pashtun authors about the language of their literary works and their ethnicity may be read as an attempt to confirm a distinct place for Pashto writings in the Persophone cultural space and also as an echo of the then-ongoing discourse on Pashtun identity. This article examines the verses of Ashraf Khān Khaṫak (d. 1694) and Kāẓim Khān Khaṫak (d. 1780), who sporadically pondered on artistry and ethnicity as intertwined issues within the framework of the classical genre of self-praise (fakhriyya) and left critical essays on Pashto poetry in the forms of qaṣīda and masnawī. By drawing on Persian poetic traditions, these authors contributed much to the emerging literary criticism in Pashto by sophisticating the discussion of poetic art in their native language. While Ashraf elaborated on the idea of poetry as ‘licit magic’, Kāẓim tried to explain the advantages of the ‘new manner’, which is now commonly known as the ‘Indian style’, for the intellectual progress of both Pashtun litterateurs and their readers. The available details from the poets’ biographies and their occasional statements also indicate that the declarative ethnic self-identification of Pashtun men of letters was intrinsically linked to tribalist ideologies.
The story of Ghazan and Nawrūz: changing narratives in the Chinggisid crisis of the fourteenth century
Authors: Hope Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The fragmentation of the Ilkhanate (1258–1335) midway through the fourteenth century coincided with the publication of several verse histories that were based upon the Blessed History (Tārīkh-i Mubārak) of Rashīd al-Dīn Hamadānī (d. 1318). Seen by many as lacking originality, these texts have often been treated as a new form of literary expression rather than a source of information about key episodes in Ilkhanid history. While it may be true that the verse histories are largely reliant on other sources for information about events that occurred before their time, the choice of what to copy and how it was presented reveals a great deal about changing attitudes to power, religion, and class as the Hülegüid Dynasty weakened and new power brokers appeared. This article will analyse how four verse histories—the Shāhnāmah-yi Chingīzī of Shams al-Dīn Kāshānī (1312–1316), the Ẓafarnāmah of Ḥamdallāh Mustawfī Qazvīnī (1335), the Shāhanshāhnāmah of Aḥmad Tabrīzī (1337), and the Ghāzānnāmah of Nūrī Azhdarī (1361)—reproduced the biography of the prominent Ilkhanid commander, Amīr Nawrūz (d. 1297), to gauge how changing circumstances influenced their view of the past. It will be shown that, although these stories may not offer much in the way of new information about Nawrūz, they do show how writers attempted to reshape their narratives to reinforce values of piety, justice, and loyalty during the Chinggisid crisis of the fourteenth century.