bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing Students' Perceptions of Clinical Experience
Authors: Windsor Ann 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Senior nursing students were interviewed in this study to better understand the clinical learning experience from the students' point of view.
Results of the study revealed that the nursing students were indeed learning in their clinical experience. The major categories of learning were classified as nursing skills, time management, and professional socialization. The quality of learning was reportedly affected by the quality of the student's preparation, characteristics of the instructor, and the variety of clinical opportunities to which students were exposed.
The data also reflected a pattern of student development which was separated into three stages. The first stage was permeated with anxiety and obsession with the rules of task performance. The second stage was a difficult transition period where students stuggled with identifying the roles of nurses. During the final stage, the students become more comfortable with performing nursing tasks and become interested in expanding their role and becoming more independent. As the students strived for independence, they identified more closely with staff nurses and withdrew from instructors.
The (lost) Arch of Titus: the visibility and prominence of victory in Flavian Rome
Authors: Barron Caroline 
Published: May 2020

The Arch of Titus in the Roman Forum has long been held as the definitive illustration of Rome’s conquest of Judaea and the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE. The relief decoration of the plundering of the Temple, Titus’s triumphal journey into Rome and his eventual apotheosis have become synonymous with our knowledge of events and the devastation wrought upon the city. However, the inscription from the lost Arch of Titus in the Circus Maximus arguably contributes more to our understanding of how the Flavian dynasty themselves perceived their victory, and how they used it to advertise their military might and establish their rule as the rightful heirs to the Augustan legacy of conquest and dominion. This article considers the lost Arch of Titus and its inscription, and its role in the establishment of the Flavian legacy in Rome. It argues that the text must be read in conjunction with the other triumphal monuments of Vespasian and Titus – the Colosseum, Arch of Titus in the Roman Forum and the Temple of Peace – whose reality, visibility and prominence collectively gave strength to the claim that the lost Arch commemorated: the exceptional nature of the Roman victory in Jerusalem.
Apollo, Christ, and Mithras: Constantine in Gallia Belgica
Authors: Digeser Elizabeth DePalma 
Published: May 2020

Since the advent of history as a formal discipline, we have struggled to explain how Constantine I (r. 306-37) could reconcile devotion to the sun god with the veneration of Christ, especially during the first decade of his reign in Britain and Gaul. Rather than trying to reconcile disparate accounts to construct an image of an emperor who fits our categories of "Christian" or "pagan", however, I propose that we should not use these accounts as windows into the emperor’s soul. Instead, we should understand them as appealing to differing constituencies within the emperor’s domain. Overall, the provinces of Britain and Gaul – a de facto separate state in the third century – remained loyal to Constantine for the rest of his reign, even after he left the region for good in 316. His success testifies to the power of these seemingly contradictory portrayals, which continued to circulate in the region well into the Middle Ages and beyond. I argue that the principal pagan and Christian accounts share a vision of the emperor as the divine warrior who slays the beast of darkness – an image also compatible with the cult of Mithras, widely popular in this area. People across the variegated religious topography of the region found this image compelling because it spoke to different traditions in different ways. The deep and wide resonance of this image contributed not only to consolidating Constantine’s position, but also to sustaining its own remarkably long life as the archetype of the "good sovereign".
Personnifications de Rome et du pouvoir romain en Asie Mineure : quelques exemples
Authors: Caponio Emmanuelle Rosso 
Published: May 2020

Les Grecs des périodes classique et hellénistique ont créé de nombreuses abstractions à caractère politique dont les cultes et les images ont durablement marqué l’espace civique et la vie religieuse des cités. Cette contribution porte sur les personnifications à caractère politique, nouvelles ou réinterprétées, exprimant le pouvoir romain dans la province d’Asie. Si le culte de Romè revêt un statut particulier, les personnifications d’institutions ou de corps politiques, mais aussi de « bienfaits » associés au pouvoir de Rome sont également fréquentes : leur étude à partir de trois fondations significatives – le Sebasteion d’Aphrodisias, l’arc de Pergè et la fondation de C. Vibius Salutaris à Ephèse – permet de saisir les spécificités du pouvoir romain vues par les communautés civiques des provinces hellénophones et de comprendre l’articulation du pouvoir impérial et du pouvoir local.
UHRF1 Controls Thymocyte Fate Decisions through the Epigenetic Regulation of EGR1 Expression
Authors: Zhang Yiwen , Chen Yingshi , Ma Rong , Jiang Yawen , Liu Jun , Lin Yingtong , Chen Siqi , Xia Mengying , Zou Fan , Zhang Junsong , Pan Ting , Wang Lie , Wei Lai , Zhang Hui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Thymocyte differentiation is a highly complex process that is accompanied by epigenetic changes. Ubiquitin-like containing PHD ring finger 1 (UHRF1) is a critical epigenetic modifier involved in various cellular processes. In this study, we demonstrated that it is highly expressed in T cell precursors of the thymus. Further, its deficiency results in significantly reduced thymocyte cellularity and thymus size in mice. Through systematic analysis based on single-cell RNA sequencing, we found that UHRF1 deficiency thwarts αβ T cell lineage development, whereas biasing γδ T lineage differentiation dampens the progression of immature single-positive cells. UHRF1 deficiency promotes the IL-17 secreting and RORγt expression in γδ T cell, indicating a Tγδ17 phenotype. Further, the analysis of gene-regulatory networks demonstrated that UHRF1 controls the expression of early growth response 1 (EGR1). UHRF1 interacts with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) at the CpG promoter region of Egr1 loci and affects the nearby chromatin modifications of H3K9me3 and H3K4me3. Taken together, our results demonstrate that UHRF1 is a key factor that mediates the epigenetic regulation of EGR1 and, consequently, thymocyte fate decisions.
Religion and constitution. Some Hungarian perspectives
Authors: Schanda Balázs 
Published: May 2020

Freedom of religion shall be a universally recognized human right. States have developed highly different models with regard to their relations to religious communities. Some kind of neutrality of the state has to be preserved in order to provide due respect to all faiths. Derived from a religious heritage and beyond religious beliefs the cultural identity of peoples gains a rising signifficance. The historically determined identity of nations is expressed various ways including the public endorsement of the legacy shaped by religious communities. Beyond the national level and within their boundaries local communities express identities in various ways. The Basic Law of Hungary (2011) is characterized by an open commitment to the religious roots of the national culture but maintains the respect for religious freedom and consequently also remains in the framework of religious neutrality.
School, ethnicity and nation-building in post-colonial Myanmar
Authors: Bigagli Francesco 
Published: May 2020

Drawing on concepts of ethnicity and ethnic nationalism, this paper seeks to analyze the reasons and extent to which school education has been utilized to define the newborn nation. This will be done through an analysis of Myanmar’s political history and, subsequently, through an examination of specific educational policies and practices such as the introduction of a one-language policy, standardized curriculum and textbooks and teacher-centered pedagogies that have deliberately been used in the attempt to assimilate rather than integrate Myanmar’s ethnic diversity. The second part of the paper will address the nature and dynamics of decades of identity-based conflicts arguing that the “ethnicization”of the education system in favour of the Bamar majority has not only acted as a catalyst for the perpetuation of violence exacerbating divisions along civil-military lines but has reinforced ethno-linguistic identities through the use of education as a tool of resistance, with critical implications for social cohesion, tolerance for diversity and the overall future of the country.
The Sacred Architecture of Byzantium
Authors: Patricios Nicholas N 
Published: May 2020

The churches of the Byzantine era were built to represent heaven on earth. Architecture, art and liturgy were intertwined in them to a degree that has never been replicated elsewhere, and the symbolism of this relationship had deep and profound meanings. Sacred buildings and their spiritual art underpinned the Eastern liturgical rites, which in turn influenced architectural design and the decoration which accompanied it. Nicholas N Patricios here offers a comprehensive survey, from the age of Constantine to the fall of Constantinople, of the nexus between buildings, worship and art. His identification of seven distinct Byzantine church types, based on a close analysis of 370 church building plans, will have considerable appeal to Byzantinists, lay and scholarly. Beyond categorizing and describing the churches themselves, which are richly illustrated with photographs, plans and diagrams, the author interprets the sacred liturgy that took place within these holy buildings, tracing the development of the worship in conjunction with architectural advances made up to the 15th century.
Focusing on buildings located in twenty-two different locations, this sumptuous book is an essential guide to individual features such as the synthronon, templon and ambo and also to the wider significance of Byzantine art and architecture.
“Hold me, Gerty, hold me”: Lily Bart's Queer Desire
Authors: Champion H. J. E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In her provocatively titled article from 2007, Katherine Joslin asks “Is Lily Gay?” Such a line of questioning is part of the queer turn in Wharton scholarship, which aims to complicate traditional criticism often based on heterosexual or binary assumptions. This study uses Joslin's bold and exciting question as a starting point in an effort to extend the argument further. It proposes a queer reading of The House of Mirth that takes into consideration Edith Wharton's own contradictory attitudes toward queer sexuality, situating the text within historical notions of queerness from the turn of the century. Lily Bart is then “queered” through the use of Georg Simmel's theories of flirtation, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's literary love triangles, and close readings of the novel's “queer episodes” that tease out the meanings behind Wharton's sensual language. The study predominantly questions Lily's failure to cooperate with fixed notions of futurity—in this case signified by marriage—proposing that this refusal serves to destabilize linear heteronormative growth and positions her in a state of queered flux. Such a reading therefore attempts to reconsider traditional heteronormative understandings of The House of Mirth.
The Frenchwoman Dépaysée: Edith Wharton and Gabrielle Landormy
Authors: Campbell Donna 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In a series of late unpublished letters that Wharton wrote to Elizabeth Gaskell (Lily) Norton between 1924 and 1937, an Edith Wharton character gone astray appears in the form of Gabrielle Landormy, a young Frenchwoman whose transnational wanderings between France and the United States made her, in a term that Millicent Bell applied to Wharton herself, dépaysée, or “out of [her] element, adrift and astray.” Gabrielle Landormy worked for Wharton during World War I but throughout the 1920s and 1930s drifts between France and the United States as an object of irritation and concern. This article, based on hitherto-undiscussed sources, traces Landormy's movements and Wharton's reactions to them as revealed in the letters and other documents, to demonstrate that Landormy's case calls into question the ways nationality, the transnational body, and troublesome questions of sexuality and autonomy can be addressed, especially by those who, like Wharton, would prefer to have women conform to a national ideal.
Assessing the growth in clinical skills using a progress clinical skills examination
Authors: Laird-Fick Heather S. , Chang Chi , Wang Ling , Parker Carol , Malinowski Robert , Emery Matthew , Solomon David J. 
Published: May 2020

Background
This study evaluates the generalizability of an eight-station progress clinical skills examination and assesses the growth in performance for six clinical skills domains among first- and second-year medical students over four time points during the academic year.

Methods
We conducted a generalizability study for longitudinal and cross-sectional comparisons and assessed growth in six clinical skill domains via repeated measures ANOVA over the first and second year of medical school.

Results
The generalizability of the examination domain scores was low but consistent with previous studies of data gathering and communication skills. Variations in case difficulty across administrations of the examination made it difficult to assess longitudinal growth. It was possible to compare students at different training levels and the interaction of training level and growth. Second-year students outperformed first-year students, but first-year students’ clinical skills performance grew faster than second-year students narrowing the gap in clinical skills over the students’ first year of medical school.

Conclusions
Case specificity limits the ability to assess longitudinal growth in clinical skills through progress testing. Providing students with early clinical skills training and authentic clinical experiences appears to result in the rapid growth of clinical skills during the first year of medical school.
Time matters: genetic composition and evaluation of effective population size in temperate coastal fish species
Authors: Francisco Sara M. , Robalo Joana I. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundExtensive knowledge on the genetic characterization of marine organisms has been assembled, mainly concerning the spatial distribution and structuring of populations. Temporal monitoring assesses not only the stability in genetic composition but also its trajectory over time, providing critical information for the accurate forecast of changes in genetic diversity of marine populations, particularly important for both fisheries and endangered species management. We assessed fluctuations in genetic composition among different sampling periods in the western Portuguese shore in three fish species.MethodsWhite seabreamDiplodus sargus, sand smeltAtherina presbyterand shannyLipophrys pholiswere chosen, because of their genetic patterns in distinct ecological environments, insight into historical and contemporary factors influencing population effective size (Ne), and degree of commercial exploitation. Samples were obtained near Lisbon between 2003 and 2014 and screened for genetic variation with mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Analyses included genealogies, genetic diversities, temporal structures and contemporaryNe.ResultsFor mtDNA no temporal structure was detected, while for nDNA significant differences were recorded between some sampling periods for the shanny and the sand smelt. Haplotype networks revealed deep genealogies, with various levels of diversification. The shanny revealed a smallerNe/generation when compared to the other species, which, in turn, revealed no evidence of genetic drift for most study periods. These results highlight the fact that temporal variations in genetic pool composition should be considered when evaluating the population structure of fish species with long distance dispersal, which are more vulnerable to recruitment fluctuations.
Correlation between Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Endoscopic, Histopathologic and Clinical Activities of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Flefel Mohammed G. , Mourad Heba A. , Hasby Eiman A. , Ezzat Sherif E. , Mohamed Waleed S. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Detection of activity of ulcerative colitis (UC) is vital for predicting treatment outcome. The assessment depends on clinical, serologic, and endoscopic findings. One of the noninvasive biomarkers for disease activity detection is serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL).
Aim: To assess the relationship between NGAL and endoscopic, histopathologic and clinical activity of UC.
Methods: This study was conducted on 50 cases with definitive diagnosis of UC and 15 cases with normal colonoscopy examination as controls. UC cases were considered active if Geobes score was ≥3.1. Complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and liver and kidney function tests were done. Serum NGAL was estimated using ELISA technique.
Results: UC cases were classified into active group (n = 36) and inactive group (n = 14). In active UC cases, median value (IQR) of serum NGAL was significantly increased (101.15 (67.53 – 156.40) ng/mL) compared to inactive cases (63.35 (60.98–65.20) ng/mL) and control group (24.80 (15.50 – 31.50) ng/mL). Serum NGAL was well correlated with Geobes score, Mayo score, CRP and ESR. Serum NGAL at cut-off ≥ 63 can predict activity with sensitivity 88.89%, specificity 85.71%, PPV 94.12% and NPV 75%.
Conclusion: Serum NGAL is valuable noninvasive marker for assessment of UC disease activity.
PRE-EQC: A Proficiency Testing Program for Pre-Analytical and Analytical Monitoring Using Pooled Samples without Preservatives
Authors: Pal Shyamali 
Published: May 2020

Aim: External Quality Assurance (EQA) is basic requirement of a medical laboratory to assess the quality assurance and achieve the accreditation. The available EQA schemes evaluate the analytical performances of the laboratory but neither evaluate pre analytical factors nor mimic actual laboratory process. PRE-EQC has combined both performances in single scheme and assisting the participant laboratories to take appropriate corrective action and interpretations.
Design: Pre-Analytical monitoring evaluates transport condition, correlation of the stability of samples and temperature, storage condition and environment of the laboratory of the participants and its effect on the results. A sample is specially prepared to estimate haemolysis, lipemic and icteric index.
Clinical Biochemistry: Serum, fluoride and biological fluid (CSF exempted) samples are pooled from the routine collection of specimens. Pooled fractions are homogenized in a rotary shaker for 10 minutes. The clear samples are poured in individual double pack primary containers, which are placed between two gel packs in a “biohazard” labelled plastic bag. Temperature is recorded, kept in insulated thermocol box and sent to the destination.
Urine Routine & Microalbumin, Creatinine Examination: Urine sample is stabilized using preservative.
Methods: The process of sample pool to result submission has been completed within 6 days as samples are without preservative. Stability mimicking the transport, homogeneity and validation of assigned values were done.
Statistical Calculations: As per ISO 13528:2015.
Results and Discussion: The SD of the assigned values showed better performance than existing schemes and within the range of CLIA recommended SD.
Conclusion: The PRE-EQC sample from direct and microalbumin from direct specimen has achieved good reproducibility than lyophilized material.
Assessment of Inflammatory and Cardiac Status of Echis ocellatus Snake-bite Victims in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Manafa P. O. , Njoku G. C. Jackson , Onyenekwe C. C. , Ekuma-Okereke O. , Nnadi E. E. , Ebugosi R. S. , Chukwuma G. O. , Onah E. C. , Chukwuanukwu R. C. , Nwene K. E. , Manafa V. I. , Ogbuowelu O. S. 
Published: May 2020

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the inflammatory and cardiac status of snakebite victims using serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), troponin-I (TnI), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) as markers in Echis ocellatus snakebite victims before and after administration of EchiTAb-G antivenom.
Materials and Methods: A total of 80subjects (40 Echis ocellatus bite victims and 40 apparently healthy indivuals as test and control subjects respectively) were purposively recruited for this study. Venous blood samples were collected within 4hours after bite. The whole blood clotting time (WBCT20) was determined immediately. Another batch of samples were collected from same snakebite victims, 2days post administration of the anti-venom. CRP and Troponin-I levels were evaluated using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique while serum total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were assayed spectrophotometrically.
Results: The mean serum levels of troponin-I (2.98±5.75) and CRP (36.64±29.01) were significantly higher in Echis ocellatus bite victims before administration of anti-venom compared with control subjects (0.007±0.3 and 0.99±0.28) and after post administration of anti-venom (0.16±1.39 and 15.96±17.36) (P<0.05) respectively. Conversely, the mean plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly lower (p<0.05) in snake bite subjects before anti-venom administration when compared with control and snake bite subjects after post administration of anti-venom. Furthermore, the mean serum levels of troponin-I and CRP correlated significantly positive when correlated between snake bite subjects before (r=0.498, p=0.001) and after (r=0.430, p=0.006) anti-venom administration respectively.
Conclusion: The research findings therefore suggest that Echis ocellatus envenomation triggers inflammatory reaction which could be the reason behind the alteration in cardiac markersas evidenced by the significant elevations in serum troponin-I and CRP levels amongst snake bite victims compared to the non-snake bite control groups thus, could cause cardiac arrest before anti-venom administration.