bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Jurassic mafic arc magmatism in the eastern North China Craton: Geochemical evidence for westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific slab
Authors: Fang Wei , Dai Li-Qun , Zheng Yong-Fei , Zhao Zi-Fu , Ma Li-Tao , Zhao Kai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSubduction of the Paleo-Pacific slab beneath the North China Craton (NCC) has exerted a strong influence on the Mesozoic destruction of the craton. However, no Andean-type arc magmatism has been reliably identified in the eastern NCC. Here we report the occurrence of Jurassic arc-like lamprophyres in the Liaodong Peninsula, providing a snapshot of the Paleo-Pacific slab subduction beneath the NCC in the early Mesozoic. Zircon U-Pb dating of the lamprophyres yields consistent ages of 158–155 Ma for magma crystallization. These lamprophyres all exhibit typical arc-like trace element distribution patterns, but show a series differences in their radiogenic isotope compositions and the other geochemical variables. Type 1 lamprophyres exhibit weakly enriched Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes with (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.7075–0.7085, εNd(t) values of −3.9 to −1.3 and εHf(t) values of −5.4 to −0.3, whereas Type 2 lamprophyres exhibit moderately enriched radiogenic isotopes with (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.7096–0.7117, εNd(t) values of −12.2 to −7.6 and εHf(t) values of −12.8 to −4.7. There are also systematic differences in zircon Hf isotopes and whole-rock Ba/Th, Ba/La, Sr/Nd, Th/Nd, Th/Yb, and La/Sm ratios for the two types of lamprophyre. Taken together, these similarities and differences can be accounted for by metasomatic reaction of the cratonic mantle wedge with two properties of liquid phase derived from subducting Paleo-Pacific slab. One is aqueous solutions from the subducting basaltic oceanic crust, and the other is hydrous melts from the subducting terrigenous. The two properties of subduction zone fluids were incorporated in different proportions into the mantle sources of these lamprophyres. Accordingly, the lamprophyres were derived from the metasomatic mantle sources. This qualitative interpretation is verified by quantitative modeling of the geochemical transfer at the slab-mantle interface in a paleo-oceanic subduction zone. Therefore, the Jurassic lamprophyres in the eastern NCC provide the geochemical evidence for the crust-mantle interaction during the Paleo-Pacific slab subduction beneath eastern Asia in the early Mesozoic, when the chemical metasomatism by the slab-derived fluids would have weakened the cratonic mantle for its thinning and destruction in the Early Cretaceous.
Recycling of mercury from the atmosphere-ocean system into volcanic-arc–associated epithermal gold systems
Authors: Deng Changzhou , Sun Guangyi , Rong Yimeng , Sun Ruiyang , Sun Deyou , Lehmann Bernd , Yin Runsheng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Photochemical processes generate mass-independent fractionation (MIF) of mercury (Hg) isotopes in the atmosphere-ocean system, and the subduction of marine sediments or hydrated oceanic crust may recycle the resultant Hg isotope signature into the volcanic-arc environment. This environment typically hosts epithermal gold deposits, which are characterized by a specific Hg-Sb-As metal association. We investigated the Hg isotopic composition of seven volcanic-arc–related epithermal gold deposits in northeast China and revisited the isotopic composition of Hg in hydrothermal ore deposits in circum-Pacific and Mediterranean volcanic arcs. The gold ore samples in northeast China mostly display positive Δ199Hg values (0.11‰ ± 0.07‰, 1σ, n = 48) similar to those observed in the Pacific Rim (0.07‰ ± 0.09‰, 1σ, n = 182) and the Mediterranean Cenozoic volcanic belt (0.09‰ ± 0.08‰, 1σ, n = 9). Because Hg in marine sediments and seawater has positive Δ199Hg, we infer that Hg-bearing epithermal deposits in active continental margin settings receive most Hg from recycled seawater in marine sediments, through the release of Hg by dehydration from the subducting oceanic slab. However, negative to near-zero Δ199Hg values were observed in Hg-bearing deposits in the South China craton (−0.09‰ ± 0.05‰, 1σ, n = 105) and in the intraplate magmatic-hydrothermal Almadén Hg deposit in Spain (−0.02‰ ± 0.06‰, 1σ, n = 26), which are considered to relate to basement and mantle sources, respectively. Hg isotopes have the potential to trace lithospheric Hg cycling.
The “earliest tabulate corals” are not tabulates
Authors: Elias Robert J. , Lee Dong-Jin , Pratt Brian R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPutative tabulate-like corals dating to the Cambrian Explosion are not true tabulates. Early Ordovician fossils identified as Lichenaria and previously accepted as the earliest tabulate corals actually belong to Amsassia, which may be a calcareous alga. The earliest definite tabulates appeared in the latest Middle Ordovician as part of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, prior to the earliest confirmed occurrence of tabulate species that do belong to Lichenaria in the Late Ordovician. With Cambrian (Epoch 2) tabulate-like fossils being separated from the appearance of true tabulates by a time span of ∼50 m.y., a direct phylogenetic connection is unlikely. Thus, the prevailing understanding of the origin and evolutionary history of tabulate corals needs to be reconsidered. The appearance of both major groups of Paleozoic corals, tabulates and rugosans, at the same time on separate paleocontinents must be taken into account in determining biological and geological factors involved in the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event.
Management of pregnancy in case of multiple and giant uterine fibroids
Authors: Reis-de-Carvalho Catarina , Lopes João , Henriques Alexandra , Clode Nuno 
Published: November 2020

Uterine fibroids are common among women of reproductive age. During the pregnancy, the potential complications of fibroids, although rare, are of frequent clinical concern. Available studies describing management and obstetrical outcomes in pregnant women with giant fibroids are limited. We present the case of a 39-year-old pregnant woman with multiple and large uterine fibroids. During the pregnancy, there was adequate fetal development, without major maternal complications. Given the characteristics of the fibroids and breech position of the fetus, an elective caesarean section was decided, and postpartum hysterectomy planned. This challenging obstetrical case required a multidisciplinary approach.We considered crucial discussing five main issues: preconceptional counselling, tailored pregnancy surveillance, decision of time and route of delivery, decision to perform a peripartum hysterectomy and management of decreasing blood loss perioperatively. Given the limitation of the published reports, we believe that sharing our experience, along with a literature review, is beneficial for other clinicians.
Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease preceded by cutaneous plasmacytosis successfully treated by tocilizumab
Authors: Aita Tetsuro , Hamaguchi Sugihiro , Shimotani Yoko , Nakamoto Yohei 
Published: November 2020

A woman aged 45 years with a 1.5-year history of violaceous plaques on the forehead and chest presented with fever, weight loss and aggravation of the plaques. Inflammatory markers and interleukin-6 level were elevated, and superficial lymphadenopathies and splenomegaly were identified by CT scan. Immunohistochemical findings of the lymph node and the skin showed polyclonal plasmacytosis and follicular hyperplasia, leading to the diagnosis of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) after human herpesvirus-8 infection was excluded. The patient was successfully treated with anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab, following relapse after prednisolone therapy.Our literature review found 11 case reports of pathologically confirmed iMCD preceded by cutaneous plasmacytosis. The median duration of asymptomatic phase with only skin lesions was 7.5 years, whereas the phase lasted only for 1.5 years in our case. iMCD can develop shortly after asymptomatic cutaneous plasmacytosis. Tocilizumab can be a treatment of choice for this type of iMCD.
Availability and affordability of medicines and cardiovascular outcomes in 21 high-income, middle-income and low-income countries
Authors: Chow Clara Kayei , Nguyen Tu Ngoc , Marschner Simone , Diaz Rafael , Rahman Omar , Avezum Alvaro , Lear Scott A , Teo Koon , Yeates Karen E , Lanas Fernando , Li Wei , Hu Bo , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio , Gupta Rajeev , Kumar Rajesh , Mony Prem K , Bahonar Ahmad , Yusoff Khalid , Khatib Rasha , Kazmi Khawar , Dans Antonio L , Zatonska Katarzyna , Alhabib Khalid F , Kruger Iolanthe Marike , Rosengren Annika , Gulec Sadi , Yusufali Afzalhussein , Chifamba Jephat , Rangarajan Sumathy , McKee Martin , Yusuf Salim 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesWe aimed to examine the relationship between access to medicine for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among people at high risk of CVD in high-income countries (HICs), upper and lower middle-income countries (UMICs, LMICs) and low-income countries (LICs) participating in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.MethodsWe defined high CVD risk as the presence of any of the following: hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, smoker, diabetes or age >55 years. Availability and affordability of blood pressure lowering drugs, antiplatelets and statins were obtained from pharmacies. Participants were categorised: group 1—all three drug types were available and affordable, group 2—all three drugs were available but not affordable and group 3—all three drugs were not available. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models with nested clustering at country and community levels, adjusting for comorbidities, sociodemographic and economic factors.ResultsOf 163 466 participants, there were 93 200 with high CVD risk from 21 countries (mean age 54.7, 49% female). Of these, 44.9% were from group 1, 29.4% from group 2 and 25.7% from group 3. Compared with participants from group 1, the risk of MACEs was higher among participants in group 2 (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.31), and among participants from group 3 (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.50).ConclusionLower availability and affordability of essential CVD medicines were associated with higher risk of MACEs and mortality. Improving access to CVD medicines should be a key part of the strategy to lower CVD globally.
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and mercury in never-pregnant women of fertile age: association with fish consumption and unfavorable lipid profile
Authors: Bjorke-Monsen Anne-Lise , Varsi Kristin , Averina Maria , Brox Jan , Huber Sandra 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo examine concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and lifestyle factors that may contribute to higher levels of pollutants in never-pregnant women of fertile age.DesignObservational cross-sectional study.SettingParticipants were recruited among employees and students at Haukeland University Hospital and the University of Bergen, Norway.ParticipantsHealthy, never-pregnant Norwegian women (n=158) of fertile age (18–39 years).OutcomesConcentrations of 20 different PFASs, mercury (Hg), lead, cadmium, total, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, in addition to self-reported data on dietary intake.ResultsSeven PFASs were detected in more than 95% of the women. Women aged 30–39 years had higher concentrations of sum PFAS compared with younger women. Serum PFASs were significantly intercorrelated (rho: 0.34–0.98, p<0.001) and six of them were significantly correlated to whole blood Hg (rho: 0.21–0.74, p<0.01). Fish consumption was the strongest predictor for most serum PFASs and for whole blood Hg. Fish consumption and serum perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) concentrations were both positively associated with serum total and LDL cholesterol, established risk factors for cardiovascular disease.ConclusionsThe majority of Norwegian never-pregnant women of fertile age had a mixture of seven different PFASs and Hg detected in their blood. PFAS concentrations were higher in older women and associated with fish intake. As the mean age of women at first birth is increasing, several factors require further consideration including diet, as this may influence the burden of PFAS to the next generation.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov ID:NCT03272022, Unique Protocol ID: 2011/2447, Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics West (2011/2447), 12 January 2012.
Physical activity coaching for adults with mobility limitations: protocol for the ComeBACK pragmatic hybrid effectiveness-implementation type 1 randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hassett Leanne , Tiedemann Anne , Hinman Rana S , Crotty Maria , Hoffmann Tammy , Harvey Lisa , Taylor Nicholas F , Greaves Colin , Treacy Daniel , Jennings Matthew , Milat Andrew , Bennell Kim L , Howard Kirsten , van den Berg Maayken , Pinheiro Marina , Wong Siobhan , Kirkham Catherine , Ramsay Elizabeth , O'Rourke Sandra , Sherrington Catherine 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionMobility limitation is common and often results from neurological and musculoskeletal health conditions, ageing and/or physical inactivity. In consultation with consumers, clinicians and policymakers, we have developed two affordable and scalable intervention packages designed to enhance physical activity for adults with self-reported mobility limitations. Both are based on behaviour change theories and involve tailored advice from physiotherapists.Methods and analysisThis pragmatic hybrid effectiveness-implementation type 1 randomised control trial (n=600) will be undertaken among adults with self-reported mobility limitations. It aims to estimate the effects on physical activity of: (1) an enhanced 6-month intervention package (one face-to-face physiotherapy assessment, tailored physical activity plan, physical activity phone coaching from a physiotherapist, informational/motivational resources and activity monitors) compared with a less intensive 6-month intervention package (single session of tailored phone advice from a physiotherapist, tailored physical activity plan, unidirectional text messages, informational/motivational resources); (2) the enhanced intervention package compared with no intervention (6-month waiting list control group); and (3) the less intensive intervention package compared with no intervention (waiting list control group). The primary outcome will be average steps per day, measured with the StepWatch Activity Monitor over a 1-week period, 6 months after randomisation. Secondary outcomes include other physical activity measures, measures of health and functioning, individualised mobility goal attainment, mental well-being, quality of life, rate of falls, health utilisation and intervention evaluation. The hybrid effectiveness-implementation design (type 1) will be used to enable the collection of secondary implementation outcomes at the same time as the primary effectiveness outcome. An economic analysis will estimate the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of the interventions compared with no intervention and to each other.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained by Sydney Local Health District, Royal Prince Alfred Zone. Dissemination will be via publications, conferences, newsletters, talks and meetings with health managers.Trial registration numberACTRN12618001983291.
Haemolymphatic cancer among children in Sardinia, Italy: 1974–2003 incidence
Authors: Broccia Giorgio , Carter Jonathan , Ozsin-Ozler Cansu , Meloni Federico , Pilia Ilaria , Satta Giannina , Murgia Giulio , Campagna Marcello , Cocco Pierluigi 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo explore the time trend and geographical distribution of childhood leukaemia incidence over the territory of the Italian region of Sardinia.SettingAll hospitals departments, diagnostic centres and social security agencies in Sardinia were regularly screened in 1974–2003 to identify, register and review the diagnoses of incident cases of haematological malignancies (HM).ParticipantsThe whole child population aged 0–14 resident in Sardinia.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIncidence and time trend of childhood HM and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) over the study period, and use of Bayesian methods to plot the probability of areas with excess incidence on the regional map.ResultsOverall, 675 HM cases, including 378 ALL cases, occurred among children aged 0–14 years resident in Sardinia in 1974–2003, with an incidence rate of 6.97×10-5 (95% CI 6.47 to 7.51) and 3.85×10-5 (95% CI 3.48 to 4.26), respectively. Incidence of HM and ALL showed an upward trend along the study period especially among females. Three communes out of the 356 existing in 1974, namely Ittiri, Villa San Pietro and Carbonia, stand out as areas with excess incidence of HM and ALL in particular and another, Carloforte, for ALL only.ConclusionsOur results might serve as convincing arguments for extending the coverage of routine cancer registration over the whole Sardinian population, while prompting further research on the genetic and environmental determinants in the areas at risk.
Enhancing early detection of neurological and developmental disorders and provision of intervention in low-resource settings in Uttar Pradesh, India: study protocol of the G.A.N.E.S.H. programme
Authors: Toldo Moreno , Varishthananda Swami , Einspieler Christa , Tripathi Neeraj , Singh Anshu , Verma Surendra K , Vishwakarma Kanchan , Zhang Dajie , Dwivedi Agyeya , Gupta Ritika , Karn Sanjay , Kerketta Nirmal , Narayan Ram , Nikam Singh Karuna , Rani Sumitra , Singh Akanksha , Singh Divyanshu , Singh Krishna Pratap , Singh Navin , Singh Neeraj , Singh Rishi , Singh Shyam P , Srivastava Rakesh , Srivastava Sandeep , Srivastava Sanjeev , Yadav Gopal , Yadav Preeti , Yadav Sheshnath , Yadav Sujata , Marschik Peter B 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionAround 9% of India’s children under six are diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders. Low-resource, rural communities often lack programmes for early identification and intervention. The Prechtl General Movement Assessment (GMA) is regarded as the best clinical tool to predict cerebral palsy in infants <5 months. In addition, children with developmental delay, intellectual disabilities, late detected genetic disorders or autism spectrum disorder show abnormal general movements (GMs) during infancy. General Movement Assessment in Neonates for Early Identification and Intervention, Social Support and Health Awareness (G.A.N.E.S.H.) aims to (1) provide evidence as to whether community health workers can support the identification of infants at high-risk for neurological and developmental disorders and disabilities, (2) monitor further development in those infants and (3) initiate early and targeted intervention procedures.MethodsThis 3-year observational cohort study will comprise at least 2000 infants born across four districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. Community health workers, certified for GMA, video record and assess the infants’ GMs twice, that is, within 2 months after birth and at 3–5 months. In case of abnormal GMs and/or reduced MOSs, infants are further examined by a paediatrician and a neurologist. If necessary, early intervention strategies (treatment as usual) are introduced. After paediatric and neurodevelopmental assessments at 12–24 months, outcomes are categorised as normal or neurological/developmental disorders. Research objective (1): to relate the GMA to the outcome at 12–24 months. Research objective (2): to investigate the impact of predefined exposures. Research objective (3): to evaluate the interscorer agreement of GMA.Ethics and disseminationG.A.N.E.S.H. received ethics approval from the Indian Government Chief Medical Officers of Varanasi and Mirzapur and from the Ramakrishna Mission Home of Service in Varanasi. GMA is a worldwide used diagnostic tool, approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Graz, Austria (27-388 ex 14/15). Apart from peer-reviewed publications, we are planning to deploy G.A.N.E.S.H. in other vulnerable settings.
Family history of non-communicable diseases and associations with weight and movement behaviours in Australian school-aged children: a prospective study
Authors: Downing Katherine L , Hesketh Kylie D , Timperio Anna , Salmon Jo , Moss Katrina , Mishra Gita 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo assess differences in weight status and movement behaviour guideline compliance among children aged 5–12 years with and without a family history of non-communicable diseases (NCDs).DesignProspective.Setting and participantsWomen born between 1973 and 1978 were recruited to the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH) via the database of the Health Insurance Commission (now Medicare; Australia’s universal health insurance scheme). In 2016–2017, women in that cohort were invited to participate in the Mothers and their Children’s Health Study and reported on their three youngest children (aged <13 years). Data from children aged 5–12 years (n=4416) were analysed.MeasuresMothers reported their children’s height and weight, used to calculate body mass index (kg/m2), physical activity, screen time and sleep. In the 2015 ALSWH Survey, women reported diagnoses and family history of type 2 diabetes, heart disease and hypertension. Logistic regression models determined differences between outcomes for children with and without a family history of NCDs.ResultsBoys with a family history of type 2 diabetes had 30% (95% CI: 0.51%–0.97%) and 43% lower odds (95% CI: 0.37%–0.88%) of meeting the sleep and combined guidelines, respectively, and 40% higher odds (95% CI: 1.01%– 1.95%) of being overweight/obese. Girls with a family history of hypertension had 27% lower odds (95% CI: 0.57%–0.93%) of meeting the screen time guidelines. No associations were observed for family history of heart disease.ConclusionsChildren who have a family history of type 2 diabetes and hypertension may be at risk of poorer health behaviours from a young age. Mothers with a diagnosis or a family history of these NCDs may need additional support to help their children develop healthy movement behaviours and maintain healthy weight.