bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid recovery following hip and knee arthroplasty using local infiltration analgesia: length of stay, rehabilitation protocol and cost savings
Authors: Nassar Islam , Fahey Julie , Mitchell David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe implemented local infiltration analgesia (LIA) as a technique of providing post‐operative pain management and early mobilization after arthroplasty surgery and have progressively found patients able to go home earlier. This study compares the national data on hip and knee arthroplasty provided by the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons and Medibank Private with our outcomes using LIA and rapid recovery.MethodsProspective study of one surgeon including 200 knees, and 165 hips in the two years till June 2016. Variables included in comparison to the two groups were: length of stay, percentage of patients transferred to rehabilitation or intensive care unit (ICU), readmitted within 30 days and average separation cost.ResultsHip replacement median length of stay in our series was two nights versus five nights, inpatient rehabilitation 7% versus 36%, ICU admission zero versus 4%, and readmissions 3.9% versus 6.0%, the average hospital separation cost in our series was $17 813 versus $26 734. Knee replacement median length of stay in our study was one night versus five nights, ICU 0.5% versus 3%, rehabilitation 4.5% versus 43%, and readmission 6% versus 7%, the average hospital separation cost in our group was $16 437 versus $27 505.ConclusionThe comprehensive approach of LIA and rapid recovery enables patients to have shorter hospitalization, lower rehabilitation incidence and a resultant reduction in health expenditure.
Cities, Racialized Poverty, and Infrastructures of Possibility
Authors: Baldwin Davarian L. , Crane Emma S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis essay argues that the study of urban poverty is too often characterised by the disappearance of specific people and bodily politics from our analytic frames, rendering modes of life and politics illegible to scholars. We call for attention to the embodied politics of knowledge production, as neighbourhoods surrounding universities are exploited first as laboratories for poverty scholarship—exemplified in the relationship between the Chicago School’s theory of human ecology and the racialised real estate markets—and then as devalued spaces for creative industries. Following work at the intersection of urban studies and American studies, we call for a relational reading of the archives of dominant poverty scholarship, and for scholarship attentive to the body—as a knowledge project only ever partially recorded in fieldnotes or the archives—as a key site for politics.
Large granular lymphocytic leukaemia after solid organ and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Awada Hassan , Mahfouz Reda Z. , Durrani Jibran , Kishtagari Ashwin , Jagadeesh Deepa , Lichtin Alan E. , Hill Brian T. , Hamilton Betty K. , Carraway Hetty E. , Nazha Aziz , Majhail Navneet S. , Sobecks Ronald , Visconte Valeria , Kalaycio Matt , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryT‐cell large granular lymphocytic leukaemia (T‐LGLL) is a chronic clonal lymphoproliferative disorder of cytotoxic T lymphocytes which commonly occurs in older patients and is often associated with autoimmune diseases. Among 246 patients with T‐LGLL seen at our institution over the last 10 years, we encountered 15 cases following solid organ or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Here, we studied the clinical characterization of these cases and compared them to de novo T‐LGLL. This experience represented a clear picture of the intricate nature of the disease manifestation and the complexities of several immune mechanisms triggering the clonal expansion.
Meeting vision needs of children with special educational needs: Case studies of the impact on behaviour and academic achievement
Authors: McKerr Lyn , McConnell Emma L. , Black Shelley A. , McClelland Julie , Little Julie A. , Saunders Kathryn J. , Dillenburger Karola 
Published: January 2020

Accessible summary

Children with learning disabilities often have problems with their eyesight.

We tested the eyes of nine children and checked whether they needed glasses or bigger print.

We found that when they got what they needed to see better, their behaviour improved.

This is important because children with learning disabilities need to be able to see as well as anyone else.

AbstractBackgroundChildren with identified special educational needs are at higher risk than other children of having visual needs that are not adequately met. This paper evaluates the impact of addressing the visual needs of these children on behaviour and academic achievements in a number of case studies.MethodNine children (4–11 years of age, from four classrooms), who attended a special school in a medium‐sized town in the UK, took part in the case studies reported here. The children were part of the Special Education Eyecare (SEE) Project. Six of the children were selected because they had unmet visual needs at baseline and required bespoke interventions to meet these needs; the other three children were selected because their visual needs had been met prior to the study and no further adjustments were needed. Repeated direct observations were conducted to assess the impact of the intervention on the children's behaviour in the classroom. The observer was “blind” with regard to the visual needs of the participants. Parents and teachers completed the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for each child, before and after the intervention. School files were analysed to assess effects on academic achievement.FindingsSubsequent to the implementation of bespoke visual adjustments, for example prescription of spectacles or changed seating in classroom, significant and sustained changes were observed with regard to the children's behaviour (i.e., increased engagement with peers and/or teachers and decreased off‐task behaviour). Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire scores showed improvements regarding total difficulties, emotional difficulties, hyperactivity and prosocial (kind and helpful) behaviour. Due to highly variable data in school files, the effects on academic achievement were inconclusive.DiscussionThe case studies reported here explored changes in behaviour of children with identified special educational needs after their visual needs were met. Findings show a positive overall effect on the behaviour of these children.
Clinically isolated syndrome, oligoclonal bands and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Teixeira Mónica , Seabra Mafalda , Carvalho Lúcia , Sequeira Lucinda , Abreu Pedro , Mendonça Teresa , Reis Jorge , Sá Maria José , Guimarães Joana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveClinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is a first demyelinating episode targeting the central nervous system. It can later fulfill the diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) or remain as a single event with no further clinical or paraclinical evidence of disease. Given the difficulty of predicting the long‐term course of the disease at the moment of the first episode, we intended to examine clinical and laboratory features associated with MS conversion, underlining the prognostic value of oligoclonal bands (OCBs) determination.MethodsWe analyzed patients with an episode compatible with CIS (not fulfilling the 2010 McDonald criteria) as the first manifestation of MS (according to the same criteria), observed in our MS clinic (n = 82).ResultsFrom our cohort, 76.8% of patients converted to MS. OCBs were present at baseline in 68.0% of MS patients, but also in 73.7% of stable CIS patients (P = .77). After stratification of the results by treatment, there was also no statistically significant association between the presence of OCBs and conversion to MS. Additionally, positive OCBs did not predict earlier conversion to MS.ConclusionsOur study outlines the high prevalence of positive OCBs in patients with CIS, even in those who, until now, do not fulfill the 2010 diagnostic criteria for MS. This raises questions about the early assumption of MS diagnosis based on OCB status. A very hasty diagnosis could result in chronic treatment initiation and a possibly lifelong stigma in patients who might never develop new lesions or have a second attack.
Guidance means accuracy: A randomized clinical trial on freehand versus guided dental implantation
Authors: Varga Endre , Antal Márk , Major László , Kiscsatári Ramóna , Braunitzer Gábor , Piffkó Jozsef 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesA randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare all three known static guided surgery protocols (pilot, partial, and full) with each other and with freehand surgery in terms of accuracy, under the same conditions.Material and MethodsA total of 207 implants of the same brand and type were placed in 101 partially edentulous volunteers in need of implantation in the mandible or maxilla or both. All cases were digitally planned, and the comparison of the planned and actual implant positions was performed using a medical image analysis software with dedicated algorithms. The primary outcome variable was angular deviation (AD, degrees). The secondary outcome variables were coronal global deviation (CGD, mm), apical global deviation (AGD, mm), and voxel overlap (VO, %).ResultsAD showed stepwise improvement in significant steps as the amount of guidance increased. The highest mean AD (7.03° ± 3.44) was obtained by freehand surgery and the lowest by fully guided surgery (3.04° ± 1.51). As for the secondary outcome variables, all guided protocols turned out to be significantly superior to freehand surgery, but they were not always significantly different from each other.ConclusionsAs for the comparison that this study sought to perform, it can be said that the static guided approach significantly improves the accuracy of dental implant surgery as compared to freehand surgery. Furthermore, the results suggest that any degree of guidance yields better results than freehand surgery and that increasing the level of guidance increases accuracy.
The effect of systemic antibiotics on clinical and patient‐reported outcome measures of oral implant therapy with simultaneous guided bone regeneration
Authors: Payer Michael , Tan Wah Ching , Han Jie , Ivanovski Saso , Mattheos Nikos , Pjetursson Bjarni E. , Zhuang Longfei , Fokas George , Wong May C. M. , Acham Stephan , Lang Niklaus P. ,   the International Team for Implantology (ITI) Antibiotic Study Group
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present superiority study was to determine the effect of systemic antibiotics primarily on patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) and post‐surgical complications in patients undergoing oral implant therapy with simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR).Materials and MethodsA total of 236 medically and periodontally healthy patients received oral implants with simultaneous GBR at seven centres. Pre‐operative antibiotics of 2 g amoxicillin were prescribed to the test group 1 hr prior to surgery and 500 mg thrice daily on days 1–3 after surgery. The control group was given a placebo. Group allocation was performed randomly. Primary outcome variables were PROMs recorded as visual analogue scale scores assessed on days 1–7 and 14 on pain, swelling, haematoma and bleeding. Post‐operative complications as secondary outcome variables were examined at 1, 2, 4 and 12 weeks from surgery. Chi‐square tests and repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed for statistical evaluation.ResultsNo statistically significant differences (p > .05) between the two groups were detected for the evaluated PROMs. The same was noted with respect to post‐surgical complications. Four implants were lost—three in the test group and one in the control group.ConclusionIn this trial, systemic antibiotics did not provide additional benefits to PROMs, nor the prevention of post‐surgical complications in medically and periodontally healthy patients undergoing oral implant therapy with simultaneous GBR. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are still required to support the clinical outcomes of this study.
Knowledge of Language Transfers From Speech to Sign: Evidence From Doubling
Authors: Berent Iris , Bat‐El Outi , Brentari Diane , Platt Melanie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDoes knowledge of language transfer across language modalities? For example, can speakers who have had no sign language experience spontaneously project grammatical principles of English to American Sign Language (ASL) signs? To address this question, here, we explore a grammatical illusion. Using spoken language, we first show that a single word with doubling (e.g., trafraf) can elicit conflicting linguistic responses, depending on the level of linguistic analysis (phonology vs. morphology). We next show that speakers with no command of a sign language extend these same principles to novel ASL signs. Remarkably, the morphological analysis of ASL signs depends on the morphology of participants' spoken language. Speakers of Malayalam (a language with rich reduplicative morphology) prefer XX signs when doubling signals morphological plurality, whereas no such preference is seen in speakers of Mandarin (a language with no productive plural morphology). Our conclusions open up the possibility that some linguistic principles are amodal and abstract.
Stakeholders' willingness and motivations to support sustainable water resources management: Insights from a Ghanaian study
Authors: Okumah Murat , Yeboah Ata S. , Amponsah Owusu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is evidence that stakeholders' willingness and motivations to support sustainable river management strategies plays a crucial role in the success of water management policies. Earlier works have highlighted some of the drivers of stakeholders' willingness, however, the generalizability of much published research on this issue is problematic given that much of the research focuses on the Global North. By conducting in‐depth interviews and applying content analysis, this paper aimed at exploring stakeholders' willingness and motivations to support sustainable water resource management as well as what stakeholders would do to support sustainable management of water resources. Results show that stakeholders appear to be willing to support water protection measures due to a wide range of motivations. Therefore, policymakers may need to emphasize those motivations when encouraging the public and/or segments of the society to engage in sustainable water resource management practices.
Gender Disparities in Sentencing
Authors: Philippe Arnaud 
Published: January 2020

This paper uses the universe of convictions in France between 2000 and 2003 to document the gender gap in sentencing. It reveals three main findings. First, during this period, and after controlling for very precise descriptions of the offences as well as other observable characteristics, women received prison sentences that were 15 days shorter, on average, than those of men who committed comparable offences. This represents a 33% decrease relative to the average sentence length in the sample (45 days in the entire sample). Second, this gender gap is also observed for mixed‐gender pairs of criminals (one man and one woman) who are convicted together, on the same day, by the same person and for the same crime. Finally, this paper presents robust evidence that the gender gap is affected by the gender of the judge, but not that of the prosecutor. Using the evolution of the courts’ composition between 2000 and 2003, the results show that a one‐standard‐deviation increase in the number of women in the court decreases the gender gap by 10%.
BlockU: Extended usage control in and for Blockchain
Authors: Khan Yasar , Ali Toqeer , Fariz Megat , Moreira Fernando , Branco Frederico , Martins José , Gonçalves Ramiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn electronic business transaction among untrusted bodies without consulting a mutually trusted party has remained widely accepted problem. Blockchain resolves this problem by introducing peer‐to‐peer network with a consensus algorithm and trusted ledger. Blockchain originally introduced for cryptocurrency that came with proof‐of‐work consensus algorithm. Due to some performance issues, scientists brought concept of permissioned Blockchain. Hyperledger Fabric is a permissioned Blockchain targeting business‐oriented problems for industry. It is designed for efficient transaction execution over Blockchain with pluggable consensus model; however, there is limitation of rapid application development. Hyperledger introduced a new layer called Hyperledger Composer on top of the Fabric layer, which provides an abstract layer to model the business application readily and quickly. Composer provides a smart contract to extend the functionality and flexibility of Fabric layer and provides a way of communication with other systems to meet business requirements. Hyperledger Composer uses role‐based access control (RBAC) model to secure access to its valuable assets. However, RBAC is not enough because many business deals require continuous assets monitoring. Our proposed model, BlockU, covers all possible access control models required by a business. BlockU can monitor assets continuously during transactions and updates attributes accordingly. Moreover, we incorporate hooks in Hyperledger Composer to implement extended permission model that provides extensive permission management capability on an asset. Subsequently, our proposed enhanced access control model is implemented with a minimal change to existing Composer code base and is backward compatible with the current security mechanism.
Maternal and Paternal Attachment Style and Chaos as Risk Factors for Parenting Behavior
Authors: Zvara Bharathi J. , Lathren Christine , Mills‐Koonce Roger ,   the Family Life Project Key Contributors
Published: January 2020

Objective and BackgroundHousehold chaos and insecure parental attachment styles are associated with lower quality parenting behaviors. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding fathers' parenting behaviors, and no studies examine whether chaotic home environments moderate the attachment style–parenting behavior relationship.MethodUsing data from both mothers and fathers of 742 children (40.5% African American) living in rural, low‐resource communities, the current study examined the individual and joint effects of self‐reported adult attachment style and two domains of household chaos on observed maternal and paternal parenting behaviors during structured play with their 58‐month‐old child (49.6% female).ResultsMultivariate models revealed that even after controlling for confounders, attachment insecurity predicted lower quality parenting behavior for mothers and fathers. Further, for both mothers and fathers, the disorganized domain of household chaos, representing environments high in noise, clutter, and disorder, predicted less sensitive and more intrusive parenting behavior. Finally, for mothers with dismissive attachment styles, high levels of disorganization appeared to exacerbate caregiving difficulties; this moderating relationship was not evident for fathers.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the stress of a chronically disorganized family environment may influence the expression of mothers' insecure tendencies in the context of parenting, thereby intensifying less sensitive and more intrusive parenting behaviors.ImplicationsThese findings suggest that the stress of a chronically disorganized family environment may impact the expression of mothers' insecure tendencies in the context of parenting, thereby intensifying less sensitive and more intrusive parenting behaviors.
Intergenerational Economic Mobility Between Mothers and Children: Racial and Ethnic Disparities
Authors: Lee Jaewon , Sun Fei 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesThis study focuses on the impact of race and ethnicity on intergenerational mobility between mothers and children.BackgroundMost studies have examined intergenerational mobility between fathers and their children. Racial and ethnic disparities might explain the high rates of intergenerational inequality in mobility.MethodsThe current study used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 for Children and Young Adults. The two data sets were merged based on mother and child's identification number. The final sample consisted of 1,245 non‐Black/non‐Hispanic, 740 Black, and 538 Hispanic dyads. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses were conducted.ResultsThere are ethnic and racial disparities in net worth and poverty among mothers. Black and Hispanic mothers were less likely to accumulate net worth compared with non‐Black/non‐Hispanic mothers, and they were also at greater risk of being in poverty compared with non‐Black/non‐Hispanic mothers. For intergenerational economic mobility, net worth and not living in poverty across mothers were associated with higher income among young adult children. Black race moderated the relationship between maternal net worth and young adult children's income.ConclusionA new perspective is necessary to explore intergenerational economic mobility, considering relations between mothers and children rather than fathers and children.ImplicationsEliminating discrimination in the labor market is critical to addressing racial and ethnic disparities in economic resources. Service programs to help Black women with children to save money or increase their job opportunities should be in place to improve their potential for upward economic mobility across generations.