bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile and Reliable Emission‐Based Nanomolar Anion Sensing by Luminescent Iridium Receptors Featuring Chelating Halogen‐Bonding Sites
Authors: Kampes Robin , Tepper Ronny , Görls Helmar , Bellstedt Peter , Jäger Michael , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn anion sensor is presented that combines a bidentate hydrogen‐ (HB) or halogen‐bonding (XB) site with a luminescent monocationic Ir fragment for strong binding of common anions (Ka up to 6×104 m−1) with diagnostic emission changes. A new emission‐based protocol for fast and reliable detection was derived on the basis of correction for systematic but unspecific background effects. Such a simple correction routine circumvents the hitherto practical limitations of systematic emission‐based analysis of anion binding with validated open‐source software (BindFit). The anticipated order of Ka values was obeyed according to size and basicity of the anions (Cl>Br=OAc) as well as the donor atom of the receptor (XB: 6×104 m−1 > HB: 5×103 m−1), and led to submicromolar limits of detection within minutes. The results were further validated by advanced NMR techniques, and corroborated by X‐ray crystallographic data and DFT analysis, which reproduced the structural and electronic features in excellent agreement. The results suggest that corrected emission‐based sensing may become a complementary, reliable, and fast tool to promote the use of XB in various application fields, due to the simple and fast optical determination at high dilution.
Integrating clustering and regression for workload estimation in the cloud
Authors: Yu Yongjia , Jindal Vasu , Yen I‐Ling , Bastani Farokh , Xu Jie , Garraghan Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWorkload prediction has been widely researched in the literature. However, existing techniques are per‐job based and useful for service‐like tasks whose workloads exhibit seasonality and trend. But cloud jobs have many different workload patterns and some do not exhibit recurring workload patterns. We consider job‐pool‐based workload estimation, which analyzes the characteristics of existing tasks' workloads to estimate the currently running tasks' workload. First cluster existing tasks based on their workloads. For a new task J, collect the initial workload of J and determine which cluster J may belong to, then use the cluster's characteristics to estimate J′s workload. Based on the Google dataset, the algorithm is experimentally evaluated and its effectiveness is confirmed. However, the workload patterns of some tasks do have seasonality and trend, and conventional per‐job‐based regression methods may yield better workload prediction results. Also, in some cases, some new tasks may not follow the workload patterns of existing tasks in the pool. Thus, develop an integrated scheme which combines clustering and regression and utilize the best of them for workload prediction. Experimental study shows that the combined approach can further improve the accuracy of workload prediction.
Reward/Punishment‐Based Decision Making in Rodents
Authors: Orsini Caitlin A. , Simon Nicholas W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeficits in decision making are at the heart of many psychiatric diseases, such as substance abuse disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Consequently, rodent models of decision making are germane to understanding the neural mechanisms underlying adaptive choice behavior and how such mechanisms can become compromised in pathological conditions. A critical factor that must be integrated with reward value to ensure optimal decision making is the occurrence of consequences, which can differ based on probability (risk of punishment) and temporal contiguity (delayed punishment). This article will focus on two models of decision making that involve explicit punishment, both of which recapitulate different aspects of consequences during human decision making. We will discuss each behavioral protocol, the parameters to consider when designing an experiment, and finally how such animal models can be utilized in studies of psychiatric disease. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Behavioral trainingSupport Protocol: Equipment testingAlternate Protocol: Reward discriminationBasic Protocol 2: Risky decision‐making task (RDT)Basic Protocol 3: Delayed punishment decision‐making task (DPDT)
Insights in Chloroquine Action: Perspectives and Implications in Malaria and COVID‐19
Authors: Pillat Micheli Mainardi , Krüger Arne , Guimarães Lara Mendes Ferreira , Lameu Claudiana , de Souza Edmarcia Elisa , Wrenger Carsten , Ulrich Henning 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMalaria is a threat to human mankind and kills about half a million people every year. On the other hand, COVID‐19 resulted in several hundred thousand deaths since December 2019 and remains without an efficient and safe treatment. The antimalarials chloroquine (CQ) and its analog, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), have been tested for COVID‐19 treatment, and several conflicting evidence has been obtained. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the evidence regarding action mechanisms of these compounds against Plasmodium and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, together with cytometry applications. CQ and HCQ act on the renin angiotensin system, with possible implications on the cardiorespiratory system. In this context, flow and image cytometry emerge as powerful technologies to investigate the mechanism of therapeutic candidates, as well as for the identification of the immune response and prognostics of disease severity. Data from the large randomized trials support the conclusion that CQ and HCQ do not provide any clinical improvements in disease severity and progression of SARS‐CoV‐2 patients, as well as they do not present any solid evidence of increased serious side effects. These drugs are safe and effective antimalarials agents, but in SARS‐CoV‐2 patients, they need further studies in the context of clinical trials. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Mass‐Added Density Modulation for Sorting Cells Based on Differential Surface Protein Levels
Authors: Sarnik Sylvia A. , Sutermaster Bryan A. , Darling Eric M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCell sorting is a powerful tool in basic research and therapeutic enrichment. However, common cell sorting methods, such as fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) and magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS) have significant limitations, such as generally low cell yields or restriction to binary separation, respectively. To address these limitations, we developed a two‐step cell sorting method called mass‐added density centrifugation (MADC) to enable nonbinary separation of large cell numbers based on surface protein levels. In the first MADC step (mass‐adding), antibody‐directed massive microparticles bind target surface proteins to modulate single‐cell density proportionally to target protein level. Second, microparticle‐laden cells are subjected to discontinuous density gradient centrifugation, whereby they separate into discrete density bands which can be isolated for downstream use. MADC will prove especially advantageous for obtaining sufficient cell numbers for protein analyses from large source populations, and it is a fast process that can facilitate live cell enrichment for therapies that require tens of millions of cells. Here, we demonstrate MADC's utility for both live and fixed cell sorts of multiple cell types based on abundance of an example target protein, CD44. CD44 quantity in separated cell groups was assayed with western blots and correlated with modulated cell density. This novel sorting method enables rapid, nonbinary isolation of large quantities of cells based on surface protein levels and should prove useful in both basic science and therapeutic applications. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Off‐grid DoA estimation method of wideband signals
Authors: Eghbali Yasoub , Ferdosizade Naeiny Mahmoud 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this paper, an off‐grid direction of arrival (DoA) estimation method is proposed for wideband signals. This method is based on the sparse representation (SR) of the array covariance matrix. Similar to the time domain DoA estimation methods, the correlation function of the sources was assumed to be the same and known. A new measurement vector is obtained using the lower‐left triangular elements of the covariance matrix. The DoAs are estimated by quantizing the entire range of continuous angle space into discrete grid points. However, the exact DoAs may be located between two grid points; therefore, this estimation has errors. The accuracy of DoA estimation is improved by the minimization of the difference between the new measurement vector and its estimated values. Simulation results revealed that the proposed method can enhance the DoA estimation accuracy of wideband signals.
Data analysis and management system design of contaminated site based on intelligent data acquisition vehicle and 5G communication
Authors: Zhang Shuyuan , Cheng Quanguo 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe integration of information is an important feature of the fourth industrial revolution, and the interconnection of all things is permeating the world at an amazing speed. In 2019, 5G communication technology has started to be commercialized in the world. Its high transmission speed, low delay, high reliability, and other technical features provide technical support for the application of intelligent driving vehicle technology. In a specific environment, such as tunnels, deserts, and dangerous areas, if the traditional manual method is used to collect environmental data, it is difficult to achieve, and the operability is not strong, and even there will be security risks. Intelligent car has intelligent mechanism such as identification, detection, and environmental data collection, it can replace human work in bad conditions, and it has broad application prospects. Compared with the traditional manual acquisition method, the intelligent data acquisition vehicle is more operable and practical, the difficulty of environmental data acquisition is greatly reduced, and the implementation cost is generally lower than the manual acquisition method. In this paper, an intelligent collection vehicle system based on 5G communication technology is constructed and applied to the data analysis of polluted sites. At the same time, this paper constructs a data analysis and management system based on hardware structure. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively analyze the data of polluted sites and has strong practicability.
Classifying biogeographic realms of the endemic fauna in the Afro‐Arabian region
Authors: Soultan Alaaeldin , Wikelski Martin , Safi Kamran 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimUnderstanding diversity patterns and identifying the environmental factors that shape these patterns are essential for ecology and conservation. The Afro‐Arabian region comprises one of the most important biogeographic areas connecting continents. Yet, little emphasis has been put on understanding its endemic fauna in relation to its biogeographic realms. Our objective is to fill the gaps in knowledge on diversity patterns and biogeography that are essential for prioritizing the overdue conservation efforts.LocationThe study area covers mostly the hot desert climate region in North Africa and Arabia, and includes the Mediterranean, Sahel, and Ethiopian highlands (hereafter “Afro‐Arabian region”).MethodsWe used distribution maps developed by IUCN and BirdLife for species endemic to the Afro‐Arabian region belonging to the four tetrapod classes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, to identify the endemic richness hotspots. We then used multivariate analyses to delineate biogeographic regions and evaluate their relationship with the environmental factors.ResultsOur study reveals a complex map of the richness hotspots for the endemic tetrapod classes. The main hotspots of endemism were concentrated at the margins of the study area, along the Mediterranean coast, Ethiopian highlands, and along the Red Sea Mountains. We propose classifying the Afro‐Arabian region into three discrete biogeographic realms for endemic amphibians, four for reptiles and birds, and five discrete biogeographic realms for endemic mammals. The identified realms are defined by their environmental conditions and the historical geological processes.Main conclusionsRichness hotspots of endemic tetrapod classes were heterogeneously distributed in the Afro‐Arabian region. Our results support the hypothesis that species diversity patterns and endemism have been shaped by the environmental conditions and the paleogeographic processes. Each of the identified bioregions is associated with a characteristic set of tetrapod species. Our results are a benchmark for assessing the effectiveness of the protected areas and for implementing conservation plans for biodiversity.
Water availability as a major climatic driver of taxonomic and functional diversity in a desert reptile community
Authors: Chiacchio Michele , Grimm‐Seyfarth Annegret , Henle Klaus , Mihoub Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe impact of climate change is considered to be particularly important in arid environments where ectotherm species constitute the majority of vertebrates. Surprisingly, most studies dealing with the response of reptiles to climate change focus only on a few species. Here, we used a 30‐yr monitoring dataset to assess the consequences of climatic variations on a desert reptile community in eastern Australia. Community structure was measured in three habitat plots differing in flood regime using a range of metrics: the number of individuals and species, alpha biodiversity indices, species turnover, functional diversity, and an indicator describing the change in the critical maximum temperature of the community. Although the functional groups of species sharing similar traits were not clustered by habitat plots, diversity indices were highly plot‐specific. Community composition significantly shifted over time toward higher abundance of individuals for species tolerant to heat in two plots, whereas we found an opposite trend in the third plot. Importantly, the response patterns of the different diversity indices to climatic parameters were not uniform. Yet, water‐related parameters were overall more influential than temperature. A decrease in water availability paired with rising temperatures may have strongly negative impacts. We stress that combining different diversity metrics is critical to better grasp the complexity of community responses to climate change and that predicting future changes in reptile communities of deserts needs to account for the complementarity of different sources of water supply such as those resulting from the dynamics of local rainfalls with flood regime.
Oxygen Vacancy‐induced Electron Density Tuning of Fe3O4 for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Gao Lulu , Tang Chongyang , Liu Jiangchao , He Lanli , Wang Hongbo , Ke Zunjian , Li Wenqing , Jiang Changzhong , He Dong , Cheng Li , Xiao Xiangheng 
Published: July 2020

Despite the tremendous efforts devoted to enhancing the activity of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts, there is still a huge challenge to deeply understand the electronic structure characteristics of transition metal oxide to guide the design of more active catalysts. Herein, Fe3O4 with oxygen vacancies (Fe3O4‐Vac) was synthesized via Ar ion irradiation method and its OER activity was greatly improved by properly modulating the electron density around Fe atoms. The electron density of Fe3O4‐Vac around Fe atoms increased compared to that of Fe3O4 according to the characterization of synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES), extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Moreover, the DFT results indicate the enhancement of the desorption of HOO* groups which significantly reduced the OER reaction barrier. Fe3O4‐Vac catalyst shows an overpotential of 353 mV, lower than that of FeOOH (853 mV) and Fe3O4 (415 mV) at 10 mA cm−2, and a low Tafel slope of 50 mV dec−1 in 1 M KOH, which was even better than commercial RuO2 at high potential. This modulation approach provides us with valuable insights for exploring efficient and robust water‐splitting electrocatalysts.
Evidence for an involvement of the ubiquitin‐like modifier ISG15 in MHC class I antigen presentation
Authors: Held Tobias , Basler Michael , Knobeloch Klaus‐Peter , Groettrup Marcus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe IFN stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) encodes a 15‐kDa ubiquitin‐like protein, that is induced by type I IFNs and is conjugated to the bulk of newly synthesized polypeptides at the ribosome. ISG15 functions as an antiviral molecule possibly by being covalently conjugated to viral proteins and disturbing virus particle assembly. Here, we have investigated the effect of ISGylation on degradation and antigen presentation of viral and cellular proteins. ISGylation did not induce proteasomal degradation of bulk ISG15 target proteins neither after overexpressing ISG15 nor after induction by IFN‐β. The MHC class I cell surface expression of splenocytes derived from ISG15‐deficient mice or mice lacking the catalytic activity of the major de‐ISGylating enzyme USP18 was unaltered as compared to WT mice. Fusion of ubiquitin or FAT10 to the long‐lived nucleoprotein (NP) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus accelerated the proteasomal degradation of NP while fusion to ISG15 did not detectably speed up NP degradation. Nevertheless, MHC‐I restricted presentation of two epitopes of NP were markedly enhanced when it was fused to ISG15 similarly to fusion with ubiquitin or FAT10. Thus, we provide evidence that ISG15 can enhance the presentation of antigens on MHC‐I most likely by promoting co‐translational antigen processing.
Management practices for West syndrome in South Asia: A survey study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Madaan Priyanka , Chand Prem , Linn Kyaw , Wanigasinghe Jithangi , Lhamu Mynak Mimi , Poudel Prakash , Riikonen Raili , Kumar Amit , Dhir Pooja , Negi Sandeep , Sahu Jitendra Kumar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesConsidering the dearth of literature on West syndrome (WS) from South Asian countries, this study aimed to evaluate the management practices in South Asia by an online survey and meta‐analysis.MethodsAn online questionnaire was sent to 223 pediatric neurologists/pediatricians in India, Pakistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Their responses were evaluated and supplemented by a meta‐analysis.ResultsOf 125 responses received (response rate: 56%), around 60% of responders observed male preponderance and an approximate lead‐time‐to‐treatment (LTTT) of 4‐12 weeks. The commonest etiology observed was a static structural insult (88.6% of responders). Most commonly used first‐line drug (country‐wise) was as follows: India—adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH, 50%); Pakistan—oral steroids (45.5%); Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Nepal—oral steroids (94.4%); Bangladesh—ACTH (2/2); Bhutan—vigabatrin (3/5). ACTH and vigabatrin are not available in Myanmar and Nepal. The most commonly used regime for ACTH was maximal‐dose‐at‐initiation‐regime in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh and gradually escalating‐regime in Pakistan. Maximum dose of prednisolone was variable—most common response from India: 3‐4 mg/kg/d; Pakistan, Bhutan, and Bangladesh: 2 mg/kg/d; Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Myanmar: 5‐8 mg/kg/d or 60 mg/d. The total duration of hormonal therapy (including tapering) ranged from 4 to 12 weeks (67/91). Most responders considered cessation of spasms for four weeks as complete response (54/111) and advised electroencephalography (EEG; 104/123) to check for hypsarrhythmia resolution. Difficult access to pediatric EEG in Bhutan and Nepal is concerning. More than 95% of responders felt a need for more awareness. The meta‐analysis supported the preponderance of male gender (68%; confidence interval [CI]: 64%‐73%), structural etiology(80%; CI 73%‐86%), longer LTTT (2.4 months; CI 2.1‐2.6 months), and low response rate to hormonal therapy(18% and 28% for ACTH and oral steroids respectively) in WS in South Asia.SignificanceThis study highlights the practices and challenges in the management of WS in South Asia. These include a preponderance of male gender and structural etiology, a longer LTTT, difficult access to pediatric EEG, nonavailability of ACTH and vigabatrin in some countries, and low effectiveness of hormonal therapy in this region.
Sign‐bit shaping using polar codes
Authors: İşcan Onurcan , Böhnke Ronald , Xu Wen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA new polar coding scheme for higher order modulation is presented. The proposed scheme is based on multi‐level coding (MLC) with natural binary labeling, where the highest bit‐level (called the sign‐bit) is generated depending on the previous bit‐levels such that the modulated symbols approach to a target distribution to reduce shaping loss. With polar codes, the scheme can be realized by replacing the polar encoder in the sign‐bit level by a successive cancellation (SC) decoder so that the overall complexity does not increase compared to a conventional MLC scheme. Numerical simulations show that compared to conventional transmission with uniform symbol distribution, significant performance improvements can be obtained using such a sign‐bit shaping scheme. By employing more complex decoders, such as the SC list (SCL) decoder which can operate across bit levels, the proposed scheme can outperform Gallager's random coding bound.
Particle deposition and sensory drive
Authors: Poindexter Stephanie A. , Garrett Eva C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe mutualism between chemical cues emitted into the air and variations in how primates respond to them using olfaction has demonstrated aspects of species‐specific adaptations. Building on this mutualism we can look at particle deposition as another means to understanding how various environments may have elicited biological changes that enable efficient communication. Research on particle movement and deposition within the nasal cavity is largely based on questions about health as it relates to drug delivery systems and overall olfactory function in modern humans. With increased access to 3D models and the use of computational fluid dynamic analysis, researchers have been able to simulate site‐specific deposition, to determine what particles are making it through the nasal cavity to the main olfactory epithelium, which ultimately leads to processing in the olfactory bulb. Here we discuss particle deposition research, sensory drive and their potential applications to evolutionary anthropology.
Development and optimization of spray‐dried functional oil microcapsules: Oxidation stability and release kinetics
Authors: Yue Hao , Qiu Bin , Jia Min , Liu Jie , Wang Jing , Huang Fenghong , Xu Tongcheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to optimize the microencapsulation method for a functional oil using high amylose corn starch (HACS) and assessed its structure and antioxidant capacity. The results showed that the optimal microencapsulation condition is achieved by using 28.5% of functional oil, 15.75% of HACS, and 57.86% of proportion of monoglyceride in emulsifier with 94.86% microencapsulation efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurement showed that the functional oil microcapsules were uniform size, smooth surface, spherical shape, and without cracks in the wall of the capsules. In vitro oil release of microencapsulates results showed that microencapsulated functional oil containing HACS has a better sustained release effect. The microcapsules containing HACS exhibited a lower lipid oxidation rate during storage. In conclusion, microencapsulation of HACS as wall material improved the stability of functional oil and this formulation of microcapsules was satisfactorily applied in powdered food for diabetic patients.