bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does thoracic outlet syndrome cause cerebrovascular hyperperfusion? Diagnostic markers for occult craniovascular congestion
Authors: Larsen Kjetil , Galluccio Felice C. , Chand Sharma Karam 
Published: May 2020

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is known to be associated with diffuse craniological comorbidities (CCM), such as occipital headaches, migraines, vestibular dysfunction, tinnitus and fatigue. Conventionally, these problems have been suggested to be a manifestation of positional vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Angiography tends to be normal in TOS sufferers, however, and doppler ultrasonography of the vertebral artery fails to demonstrate severe flow reduction. TOS is attributed to the brachial plexus and subclavian artery being compressed in the interscalene triangle, costoclavicular or subpectoral passages. The vertebral and carotid arteries arise from subclavian artery proximal to the sites of obstruction in TOS. Numerous reports of resolved CCM post-scalenectomy and first-rib resection, despite lacking vertebral artery impairment, have been documented. TOS CCM, moreover, share many of the symptoms seen in systemic and intracranial hypertension. Reports of subclavian thromboembolus migrating to the head have been documented in incidences of TOS, showing the potential for flow retrogradation. We postulate that the blood prevented from entering the brachium due to distal subclavian compression, retrogrades to the brain via the carotid and vertebral arteries, resulting in craniovascular hyperperfusion and congestion.
Abbreviations: Thoracic outlet syndrome: TOS, Vertebral artery: VA, Vertebrobasilar insufficiency: VBI, Cerebrovascular hyperperfusion: CVH, Blood-brain barrier: BBB, Myalgic encephalomyelitis: ME, “Time of flight”: TOF,
Citation: Larsen K, Galluccio FC, Chand SK. Does thoracic outlet syndrome cause cerebrovascular hyperperfusion? Diagnostic markers for occult craniovascular congestion. Anaesth pain intensive care 2020;24(1)___
Received – 30 November 2019;
Reviewed – 2, 6 February 2019;
Accepted – 27 February 2019;
Recommendations from GATCU for management of emergent surgical procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic (SARS-COV-2)
Authors: López Ruiz JA , Tallón Aguilar L , Pareja Ciuró F , Aranda Narváez J 
Published: May 2020

Resumen

La pandemia global por COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2) ha provocado una saturación de los servicios sanitarios, lo cual también ha afectado a las urgencias quirúrgicas. Dado el carácter no demorable de dichas urgencias, es importante el establecer unas recomendaciones de actuación en estos casos. Estas recomendaciones tratan sobre el manejo de las patologías quirúrgicas urgentes más frecuentes y de los pacientes politraumatizados durante la pandemia, así como las medidas a tomar con los pacientes infectados o con sospecha de infección por COVID-19, con el objetivo de garantizar una asistencia adecuada a nuestros pacientes, así como minimizar el riesgo de contagio de los equipos quirúrgicos.
Fisiología del estrés y su integración al sistema nervioso y endocrino.
Authors: Romero Romero Emilio Eduardo , Young José , Salado-Castillo Rigoberto 
Published: May 2020

Actualmente el estrés puede ser definido como el mecanismo de enlace entre un agente estresor y su órgano diana que resulta en una respuesta psicofisiológica, caracterizada por liberación de glucocorticoides.
La respuesta al estrés está mediada por dos sistemas distintos, los cuales están interrelacionados, estos son: El sistema simpático-adrenomedular (SAM) y el sistema hipotalámico-pituitario-adrenocortical (HPA). El sistema SAM es una región de la división simpática del sistema nervioso autónomo, que libera adrenalina de la médula; en cambio, el eje HPA, se encarga de la producción de glucocorticoides.
La presente revisión tiene como primer objetivo definir y clasificar al estrés y como segundo objetivo indicar cuáles son los principales sistemas afectados por el estrés, por último, indicaremos el efecto del estrés en la memoria y la relación entre el estrés y la ganancia de peso.
La respuesta al estrés se puede dar con la activación de diferentes vías fisiológicas, una de efectos inmediatos, la segunda de efectos intermedios y la última denominada estrés crónico.
HPA al ser estimulado por eventos estresantes, provoca la elevación de glucocorticoides que estimulan la ingesta de comida, en particular alimentos con alto contenidos calóricos, esta ingesta puede ser utilizada por los individuos como método de afrontamiento contra el estrés y finalmente inducir el trastorno de obesidad.
High Seropositivity of HIV, Hepatitis and Syphilis in Prisoner Blood Donors than the General Population Volunteers from the Punjab, Pakistan –A Longitudinal 13 Years Study
Authors: Imran Qadeer  , Muhammad Aslamkhan  , Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar  , Fazal Ellahi  
Published: May 2020

Background: HBV, HCV, HIV and Syphilis are leading transfusion transmitted infections. Blood donors are screened against these infectious diseases before transfusion to patients.Methods: Data of general population and volunteer prisoner blood donors is retrieved from records of January 2007 to September 2009. Data is analysed using Epi Info version 3.5.1. Blood donors were screened using ELISA method against HCV, HBV, and HIV while VDRL method is used for screening against Syphilis.Results: Prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and Syphilis in general population blood donors is 3.3%, 4.7%, 0.51% and 0.47% respectively. Prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and Syphilis in prisoner blood donation is 7.81%. 15.42%, 1.17%, and 7.63% respectively.Conclusion: Prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV and Syphilis is high in prisoners as compared to general population.
The Heliospheric Current Sheet and Plasma Sheet during Parker Solar Probe’s First Orbit
Authors: Lavraud B. , Fargette N. , Réville V. , Szabo A. , Huang J. , Rouillard A. P. , Viall N. , Phan T. D. , Kasper J. C. , Bale S. D. , Berthomier M. , Bonnell J. W. , Case A. W. , Dudok de Wit T. , Eastwood J. P. , Génot V. , Goetz K. , Griton L. S. , Halekas J. S , Harvey P. , Kieokaew R. , Klein K. G. , Korreck K. E. , Kouloumvakos A. , Larson D. E. , Lavarra M. , Livi R. , Louarn P. , MacDowall R. J. , Maksimovic M. , Malaspina D. , Nieves-Chinchilla T. , Pinto R. F. , Poirier N. , Pulupa M. , Raouafi N. E. , Stevens M. L. , Toledo-Redondo S. , Whittlesey P. L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We present heliospheric current sheet (HCS) and plasma sheet (HPS) observations during Parker Solar Probe’s (PSP) first orbit around the Sun. We focus on the eight intervals that display a true sector boundary (TSB; based on suprathermal electron pitch angle distributions) with one or several associated current sheets. The analysis shows that (1) the main density enhancements in the vicinity of the TSB and HCS are typically associated with electron strahl dropouts, implying magnetic disconnection from the Sun, (2) the density enhancements are just about twice that in the surrounding regions, suggesting mixing of plasmas from each side of the HCS, (3) the velocity changes at the main boundaries are either correlated or anticorrelated with magnetic field changes, consistent with magnetic reconnection, (4) there often exists a layer of disconnected magnetic field just outside the high-density regions, in agreement with a reconnected topology, (5) while a few cases consist of short-lived density and velocity changes, compatible with short-duration reconnection exhausts, most events are much longer and show the presence of flux ropes interleaved with higher-β regions. These findings are consistent with the transient release of density blobs and flux ropes through sequential magnetic reconnection at the tip of the helmet streamer. The data also demonstrate that, at least during PSP’s first orbit, the only structure that may be defined as the HPS is the density structure that results from magnetic reconnection, and its byproducts, likely released near the tip of the helmet streamer.
The Persistent Radio Jet Coupled to Hard X-Rays in the Soft State of Cyg X-1
Authors: Zdziarski Andrzej A. , Shapopi J. N. S. , Pooley Guy G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We study long-term radio/X-ray correlations in Cyg X-1. We find the persistent existence of a compact radio jet in its soft state. This represents a new phenomenon in black hole binaries, in addition to compact jets in the hard state and episodic ejections of ballistic blobs in the intermediate state. While the radio emission in the hard state is strongly correlated with both the soft and hard X-rays, the radio flux in the soft state is not directly correlated with the flux of the dominant disk blackbody in soft X-rays, but instead it is lagged by about 100 days. We interpret the lag as occurring in the process of advection of the magnetic flux from the donor through the accretion disk. On the other hand, the soft-state radio flux is very tightly correlated with the hard X-ray, 15–50 keV, flux without a measurable lag and at the same rms. This implies that the X-ray-emitting disk corona and the soft-state jet are powered by the same process, probably magnetically.
Simulations Show that Vortex Flows Could Heat the Chromosphere in Solar Plage
Authors: Yadav Nitin , Cameron R. H. , Solanki S. K. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The relationship between vortex flows at different spatial scales and their contribution to the energy balance in the chromosphere is not yet fully understood. We perform three-dimensional (3D) radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a unipolar solar plage region at a spatial resolution of 10 km using the MURaM code. We use the swirling-strength criterion that mainly detects the smallest vortices present in the simulation data. We additionally degrade our simulation data to smooth out the smaller vortices, so that also the vortices at larger spatial scales can be detected. Vortex flows at various spatial scales are found in our simulation data for different effective spatial resolutions. We conclude that the observed large vortices are likely clusters of much smaller ones that are not yet resolved by observations. We show that the vertical Poynting flux decreases rapidly with reduced effective spatial resolutions and is predominantly carried by the horizontal plasma motions rather than vertical flows. Since the small-scale horizontal motions or the smaller vortices carry most of the energy, the energy transported by vortices deduced from low-resolution data is grossly underestimated. In full-resolution simulation data, the Poynting flux contribution due to vortices is more than adequate to compensate for the radiative losses in plage, indicating their importance for chromospheric heating.
Politiques du doute et régimes de vérité à l’« ère de l’os ». ADN et adoptions symboliques des corps récupérés dans les charniers au Pérou et en Espagne
Authors: Delacroix Dorothée , Noûs Camille 
Published: May 2020

Prenant pour objet l’ouverture des charniers de la guerre civile au Pérou et du franquisme en Espagne, cet article interroge le triple enjeu associé à la récupération des restes humains qui sont à la fois objet de revendications politiques, pivot d’une économie affective et pièce d’une économie probatoire. Le travail de terrain réalisé dans les Andes péruviennes et en Navarre montre qu’au-delà de l’objectif de restituer une dignité aux morts et à leurs proches, les exhumations contemporaines contribuent aussi à remettre en question l’identité des corps récupérés, parfois de façon informelle, vingt à quarante ans plus tôt. Des lieux de souvenir, entretenus depuis plusieurs décennies par les familles qui imaginaient détenir là le corps de leur proche, sont ainsi ouverts et « vérifiés » grâce aux nouvelles technologies qui s’appuient notamment sur l’analyse ADN. L’article examine les impacts de cette épreuve de vérité sur la relation intime au parent disparu, sur les positionnements politiques que défendent différents collectifs et différentes personnes, et sur leur rapport même à la citoyenneté dans cette nouvelle configuration bio-scientifique.
Sur les traces des disparus au Mexique
Authors: Melenotte Sabrina 
Published: May 2020

Le Mexique connaît depuis douze ans des violences extrêmes et massives modifiant en profondeur le traitement politique, culturel et social des disparus et des morts en masse. Devenue récemment une priorité dans l’agenda politique, la disparition, forcée ou non, reste une énigme pour les vivants hantés par l’incertitude et les fantômes. Face à l’inaction de l’État, les familles des victimes font « justice par elles-mêmes » et conjurent cette malemort par deux principales actions : « lire la terre » pour en faire émerger des fosses clandestines et « lire le cadavre » pour rendre une identité à ces morts qui dérangent. À partir d’une description ethnographique d’un dimanche de recherche de fosses clandestines menées en 2016 avec des familles du collectif « Les autres disparus » à Iguala, dans l’État du Guerrero, cet article démontre à quel point suivre les traces des disparus signifie davantage que mener de simples fouilles : les recherches de fosses clandestines concentrent l’opération de restauration d’un ordre matériel et symbolique face au puzzle macabre laissé par les violences politiques et criminelles. Elles constituent de nouveaux rituels modernes et réintroduisent du sens et du sacré là où les traces des crimes sont camouflées.
Les origines du concept de Trinité
Authors: Morlet Sébastien 
Published: May 2020

Le problème classique des « origines » du concept de Trinité conduit traditionnellement ou bien à des approches confessionnelles qui supposent l’existence de ce concept déjà dans le texte biblique, ou bien, au contraire, à la recherche d’influences extérieures à la tradition juive ou chrétienne, dans les « triades » polythéistes. En réalité, les premiers textes chrétiens dans lesquels s’élabore réellement la doctrine trinitaire – ceux des « apologistes » du ii e siècle – montrent que 1) la source essentielle est philosophique : les premiers développements de théologie trinitaire s’inscrivent dans une tradition médioplatonicienne de lecture de la « Lettre 2 » attribuée à Platon, et les affirmations de l’Écriture sont relues à la lumière de la triade platonicienne ; 2) l’idée de Trinité n’est pas apparue dans la tradition patristique comme un « mystère », mais au contraire comme une doctrine parfaitement rationnelle, et supposée même démontrer, parmi d’autres arguments, le caractère philosophique des croyances chrétiennes. La « mystérisation » de cette doctrine est un développement ultérieur.
Genèse théologique d’un concept métaphysique : le cas de l’existence. Richard de Saint-Victor
Authors: Bardout Jean-Christophe 
Published: May 2020

La philosophie antique et, spécialement, les différentes versions du néoplatonisme ont fourni à la spéculation trinitaire de nombreux instruments théoriques. Parmi eux, le concept d’existence occupe une place éminente, notamment dans le De Trinitate de Richard de Saint-Victor. Après avoir pris acte des difficultés liées à l’emploi du concept de personne, Richard utilise avec une lucidité inégalée les ressources théoriques qu’offre la structure singulière du terme « ex-sistentia », et le mobilise pour penser l’être du Christ, comme ce qui, tout à la fois, provient du Père et subsiste en tant que personne autonome. En Dieu, l’existence s’avère seule en mesure de penser la singularité des personnes sans compromettre leur égalité et l’unité de son essence. C’est donc grâce à la théologie trinitaire que l’existence accède tout d’abord à son propre destin en métaphysique.
Teachers’ learning at schools: developing pedagogical capacity for curriculum design trhough {co-teaching | cogenerative dialogue}
Authors: El Kadri Michele Salles 
Published: May 2020

This article aims at discussing development in an experience of engaging teachers and students in the design of the curriculum at a public school. It is grounded on a socio-historical perspective of learning and in (coteaching | cogenerative dialogue) as a theorethical-methodological approach. Data was gathered in a two-year project through interactions meetings at schools and analyzed through critical discourse analysis (transitivity) and conversational analysis. The results of the study point out that having had the opportunity to interact in co-plannings and redesigning the curriculum, new attitudes emerged. Furthermore, participating in more democratic spaces and being able to redesign their own curricula during teaching practicum had effects on how the participants perceive the participation of high school students. It is concluded that developing teachers' pedagogical capacity for curriculum design may influence the degree to which teachers engage in a principled, reform-oriented analysis when creating learning opportunities for students.
Occurrence of respiratory symptoms in elderly persons heard by the family health strategy in Águas Lindas, Ananindeua, Pará State
Authors: Teixeira Renato da Costa , Santos Kézia Danniely da Silva , Silva Marinara do Socorro Dias da , Normando Valéria Marques Ferreira , Teixeira Madacilina de Melo 
Published: May 2020

Respiratory diseases are among the five leading causes of death in Brazil, particularly among the elderly. This study identified the occurrence of respiratory symptoms in older persons. Specifically, a descriptive, observational, and quantitative study was conducted using a sample of elderly people enrolled in the Hypertension and Diabetes sessions of the Family Health Strategy program in a Brazilian city. MRC-ATS-DLD78 questionnaires were used to analyze respiratory symptoms with a sample comprised of 50 volunteers (mean age = 69.96 years). The median time living in a dwelling within a polluted sample area was 30 years, with 82% reporting spending more time per day at home or in the neighborhood. The presence of coughing was reported by 18% persons, expectoration (17%), productive cough (14%), wheezing (34%), dyspnea (12%), and respiratory diseases (26%). Physiological changes in aging associated with the effects of pollution exposure leave elderly people more vulnerable to respiratory diseases because they are predisposed to diseases, such as decreased pulmonary elasticity, elevated lung compliance, reduced oxygen diffusion capacity, reduced expiratory flow, and premature closure of airways. The occurrence of respiratory symptoms in the elderly was 30% with one symptom, two (22%), three (10%), four (6%), and five (2%).
Factors related to the painful conditions of patients with fibromyalgia in Maringá, Paraná state, Brazil
Authors: Leal Jean Paulo Coelho , Bertoglio Isabela Maria , Esper Lygia Queiroz , Kaneshima Alice Maria de Souza , Becker Tania Cristina Alexandrino , Santana Priscilla de Laet , Kaneshima Edilson Nobuyoshi 
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to obtain personal and clinical characteristics of patients with fibromyalgia, and to identify the factors responsible for the initiation, recurrence or intensification of painful state in each patient. The information was collected using General Characterization Form of Fibromyalgia Patients, consisting of 32 questions about personal data, location, and type of pain, identification of factors or circumstances related to the algetic state, physical activity, and pharmacological treatment. Among 14 patients included in this study, 85.71% were female. The pain intensity and time spam varied among patients, and 42.85% of them presented pain (algetic state) lasting between 6 to 10 years. Emotional trauma was the factor or circumstance related to the onset of symptoms of 71.43% of the patients. All patients reported that stressful situations resulting from conflicts in the family, social or work environment are factors responsible for reactivating and intensifying the symptoms of fibromyalgia. Factors and circumstances related to the onset, recurrence, and intensity of fibromyalgia symptoms reveal that it is necessary to inform patients that it is a benign disease, despite the painful condition,since the way they respond to daily events is a determining factor in the course of the disease.Improving physical conditioning and conducting cognitive-behavioral therapy, along with pharmacological treatments, can be successful in treating or minimizing the symptoms of fibromyalgia.
Sports Medicine Staffing Patterns and Incidence of Injury in Collegiate Men's Ice Hockey
Authors: Baugh Christine M. , Kerr Zachary Y. , Kroshus Emily , Lanser Bailey L. , Lindley Tory R. , Meehan William P. 
Published: May 2020

Context
The relative availability of clinicians as well as the types and training of health care providers have been associated with morbidity and mortality in non-athletic health care settings. Whether staffing variations are associated with injury incidence in collegiate athletes is unknown.

Objective
To evaluate whether the institutional ratio of athletes to athletic trainers (patient load) or the ratio of staff to nonstaff (graduate assistant and certified intern) athletic trainers or both is associated with the incidence of injuries sustained by male ice hockey athletes at the school.

Design
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men's ice hockey teams.

Patients or Other Participants
Collegiate men's ice hockey athletes.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The NCAA Injury Surveillance Program collected data from collegiate men's ice hockey athletes. Staffing patterns were obtained through telephone interviews. Injury counts, injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures, and injury rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and compared between the following groups: (1) schools with high (versus low) patient load and (2) schools with high (versus low) ratio of staff to nonstaff (graduate assistant and certified intern) athletic trainers.

Results
Both the patient load and relative number of staff athletic trainers were associated with variations in the incidences and types of diagnosed injuries in male ice hockey players. Specifically, fewer injuries were diagnosed by clinicians at institutions with high patient loads. The rates of injury overall and non–time-loss injuries were lower in the high patient-load group. Time-loss injury rates, severe injury rates, concussion rates, and overall rates of injury during competition were greater in the group with a higher proportion of staff athletic trainers, whereas non–time-loss injury rates were lower.

Conclusions
In this study of collegiate men's ice hockey players, athlete health outcomes were directly related to the number and types of clinicians available. Future researchers should evaluate whether this finding extends beyond men's ice hockey.