bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Det produktive praksissjokket: Nyutdannede læreres fortellinger om lærer-elev-forholdet i overgangen fra lærerutdanning til lærerarbeid
Authors: Amdal Irina Ivashenko , Willbergh Ilmi 
Published: December 2020

Overgangen fra lærerutdanning til lærerarbeid omtales i forskningen både som utfordrende og som en mulighet for profesjonell utvikling. Denne studien undersøker hvordan nyutdannede læreres overgang fra utdanning til arbeid kan forstås som en danningsprosess. Studien baserer seg på ti semistrukturerte intervjuer med fem deltakere (ett i siste semester på grunnskolelærerutdanningen og ett etter de første tre månedene i arbeid). Studien benytter narrativ og tematisk analyse, og bygger på et hermeneutisk danningsteoretisk perspektiv. Sett fra et slikt perspektiv er overgangen en prosess preget av utvikling og horisontutvidelse der forandringen finner sted etter at de nyutdannede har kommet ut i jobb. Vi finner at de nyutdannedes forståelseshorisont etter tre måneder i arbeid er preget av deres tidligere forståelser. Det å begynne å jobbe utløser en opplevelse av at de forventningene man hadde, ikke innfris. Videre finner vi at det at den nyutdannede går fra å være den som lærer, til å bli den som har ansvar for andres læring og danning, har stor betydning for oppfattelsen av lærer-elev-forholdet. Sett fra denne artikkelens perspektiv kan overgangen fra utdanning til arbeidsliv forstås som en potensielt smertefull danningsprosess som initierer de nyutdannedes profesjonelle utvikling.
Nøkkelord: nye læreres utvikling, lærer-elev-forhold, danning, narrativ analyse, lærerutdanning

The productive transition into teaching: Novice teachers’ narratives of the teacher-pupil relationship
Abstract
The transition from teacher education to the teaching profession is challenging, but also an opportunity for professional development. The present study investigates novice teachers’ transition into teaching from the perspective of Bildung. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with five participants twice: the last semester in the teacher education programme, and after three months in practice. The interviews were analysed by using thematic and narrative analysis, as well as a hermeneutic and Bildung-centred perspective. Seen from this perspective, the transition is a process characterised by development and broadening of horizon of understanding, where the change occurs after starting work. We find that the novice teachers’ horizons after three months of work are influenced by their previous horizons. Also, we find that the shift from being a learner to becoming responsible for other people’s learning, has a considerable impact on the novice teachers’ understanding of the teacher-pupil relationship. This article argues that the transition from teacher education to working in schools, is a potentially painful process of Bildung that initiates professional development for novice teachers.
Keywords: novice teachers’ development, teacher-pupil relationship, Bildung, narrative analysis, teacher education
Aplikace cizího veřejného práva v řízeních před správními orgány
Authors: Handrlica Jakub 
Published: December 2020

Zatímco otázky aplikace cizího práva při rozhodování ve věcech civilního práva jsou tradičně předmětem zájmu právní nauky, problematika aplikace cizího veřejného práva správními orgány byla v odborné literatuře tematizována jenom zřídka. Důvod je přitom zřejmý: Aplikace cizího práva v soukromoprávních věcech byla státy tradičně připouštěna, protože režimy civilního práva v různých jurisdikcích byly považovány za vzájemně rovné. Co se týče práva veřejného, státy takovou rovnost v zásadě nepřipouštěly a naopak vyžadovaly, aby bylo při rozhodování ve věcech veřejného práva rigidně aplikováno vnitrostátní správní právo. I za této situace lze ovšem v našem právním řádu identifikovat případy, kdy je správnímu orgánu svěřena pravomoc rozhodovat ve věcech veřejného práva a současně má tento správní orgán aplikovat cizí správní právo. Skutečnost, že takové situace nejsou konvenčními, implikuje řadu praktických aplikačních problémů, které mohou v těchto komplikovaných situacích nastat.
The Effect of 8 Weeks of Complex Training Methods on the Countermovement Jump Performance
Authors: Králová Tereza , Hammerová Tereza , Vanderka Marián , Cacek Jan , Bozděch Michal , Vrbas Václav 
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to find out whether a more specific stimulus, such as training which stimulates the production of power above 90% of Pmax (Pmax = maximal average concentric power output), is effective in enhancing the countermovement jump (CMJ) performance using the method of complex pairs or separate execution of the exercises in the complex pair (separate complex pair).METHODSThirty male students of the Faculty of Sports Studies were divided into 2 experimental (EX1, EX2) and 1 control group (CNTR). The experimental groups trained for 8 weeks using the complex training (CT) method twice a week with the same amount of repetitions for each exercise. The complex pair consisted of half-squat jumps with the intensity over 90% of Pmax and plyometric depth-jumps. EX1 trained using the complex pair method with the intracomplex rest interval of up to 15 seconds. EX2 trained all sets of the half-squat jumps first and then all sets of the plyometric exercise. We used non-parametric statistics and linear regression analysis to evaluate the effect on increasing the CMJ performance after the intervention program.RESULTSThere were no significant differences between the pre-test and post-test in any of the experimental groups (p > 0.05), although there were significant differences between the weeks in EX1 and EX2 (p < 0.05). The CMJ performance increased insignificantly (p > 0.05) each week by 0.14 cm in EX1 and by 0.07 cm in EX2. CONCLUSIONThese results did not clearly show the application of the CT methods to be useful in enhancing the CMJ. In practice we recommend using the complex pairs to save training time and increase training intensity. However, an additional longer-term intervention experiment with a bigger sample size and groups randomized by the CMJ parameter (not by Pmax) is needed.
Caracterização dos aspectos microbiológicos do Queijo Minas Artesanal de Monte Carmelo/MG
Authors: Rezende Sthefania Dalva da Cunha , Jeronimo Marlene , Rezende Diego Cesar Veloso , Barros Mallú de Mendonça , Silva Éllen Lemes , Teixeira Paulo Tarcyo de Resende , Souza José Antonio Rodrigues de , Moreira Debora Astoni 
Published: December 2020

A região do Triângulo Mineiro é identificada como produtora de QMA e têm-se visto um número cada vez maior de produtores interessados em obter o cadastramento do IMA e com isso é necessário caracterizar o queijo elaborado para legalização esses produtores. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os aspectos microbiológicos do Queijo Minas Artesanal de Monte Carmelo/MG em diferentes tempos de maturação, tanto de produtores cadastrados, quanto em fase de cadastramento. Foram coletadas 16 amostras de queijos, sendo quatro queijarias A, B, C e D, onde cada uma forneceu quatro amostras sendo elas 0, 10, 20 e 30 dias de maturação. O Staphylococcus spp. foi encontrado em contagens elevadas em todas as amostras, já o Staphylococcus coagulase positivo foi encontrado nas queijarias A, B e C. Salmonella spp. não foi isolada nas amostras de QMA em todos os períodos de maturação estudados. Em contrapartida, a Listeria spp. foi isolada em 6 diluições, das 48 analisadas, onde foi confirmado o gênero Listeria spp. Porém não foi confirmada a presença de Listeria monocytogenes nas 6 positivas. Dessa forma, além da determinação de um período mínimo de maturação de 15 dias, onde nessa fase todos os parâmetros estão abaixo do limite máximo permitido na legislação, faz-se necessários novos estudos para contínuo desenvolvimento do Triângulo Mineiro como região produtora, bem como para a melhoria dos queijos nela produzidos e padronização de tecnologia de fabricação visando a caracterização futura pelos órgãos responsáveis.
Genome survey sequencing of the Caribbean spiny lobsterPanulirus argus: Genome size, nuclear rRNA operon, repetitive elements, and microsatellite discovery
Authors: Baeza J. Antonio 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundPanulirus argusis an ecologically relevant species in shallow water hard-bottom environments and coral reefs and target of the most lucrative fishery in the greater Caribbean region.MethodsThis study reports, for the first time, the genome size and nuclear repetitive elements, including the 45S ribosomal DNA operon, 5S unit, and microsatellites, ofP. argus.ResultsUsing ak-mer approach, the average haploid genome size estimated forP. arguswas 2.17 Gbp. Repetitive elements comprised 69.02% of the nuclear genome. In turn, 30.98% of the genome represented low- or single-copy sequences. A considerable proportion of repetitive sequences could not be assigned to known repeat element families. Taking into account only annotated repetitive elements, the most frequent belonged to Class I-LINE which were noticeably more abundant than Class I-LTR-Ty- 3/Gypsy, Class I-LTR-Penelope, and Class I-LTR-Ty-3/Bel-Pao elements. Satellite DNA was also abundant. The ribosomal operon inP. arguscomprises, in the following order, a 5′ ETS (length = 707 bp), ssrDNA (1,875 bp), ITS1 (736 bp), 5.8S rDNA (162 bp), ITS2 (1,314 bp), lsrDNA (5,387 bp), and 3′ ETS (287 bp). A total of 1,281 SSRs were identified.
Optimizing the Optoelectronic Properties of Face‐On Oriented Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) via Water‐Assisted Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Heydari Gharahcheshmeh Meysam , Robinson Maxwell T. , Gleason Edward F. , Gleason Karen K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEngineering the texture and nanostructure to improve the electrical conductivity of semicrystalline conjugated polymers must address the rate‐limiting step for charge carrier transport. In highly face‐on orientation, the charge transport between chains within a crystallite becomes rate‐limiting, which is highly sensitive to the π–π stacking distance and interchain charge transfer integral. Here, face‐on oriented semicrystalline poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films are grown via water‐assisted (W‐A) oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD). Combining W‐A with the volatile oxidant, antimony pentachloride, yields an optimized electrical conductivity of 7520 ± 240 S cm−1, a record for PEDOT thin films. Systematic control of π–π stacking distance from 3.50 Å down to 3.43 Å yields an electrical conductivity enhancement of ≈1140%. The highest electrical conductivity also corresponds to minimum in Urbach energy of 205 meV, indicating superior morphological order. The figure of merit for transparent conductors, σdc/σop, reaches a maximum value of 94, which is 1.9× and 6.7× higher than oCVD PEDOT grown without W‐A and utilizing vanadium oxytrichloride and iron chloride oxidizing agents, respectively. The W‐A oCVD is single‐step all‐dry process and provides conformal coverage, allowing direct growth on mechanical flexible, rough, and structured surfaces without the need for complex and costly transfer steps.
Bioactive, Ion‐Releasing PMMA Bone Cement Filled with Functional Graphenic Materials
Authors: Wright Zoe M. , Pandit Avanti M. , Karpinsky Michelle M. , Holt Brian D. , Zovinka Edward P. , Sydlik Stefanie A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGraphene oxide and functionalized graphenic materials (FGMs) have promise as platforms for imparting programmable bioactivity to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐based bone cement. To date, however, graphenic fillers have only been feasible in PMMA cements at extremely low loadings, limiting the bioactive effects. At higher loadings, graphenic fillers decrease cement strength by aggregating and interfering with curing process. Here, these challenges are addressed by combining bioactive FGM fillers with a custom cement formulation. These cements contain an order of magnitude more graphenic filler than previous reports. Even at 1 wt% FGM, these cements have compressive strengths of 78– 88 MPa, flexural strengths of 74–81 MPa, and flexural stiffnesses of 1.8–1.9 GPa, surpassing the ASTM requirements for bone cement and competing with traditional PMMA cement. Further, by utilizing designer FGMs with programmed bioactivity, these cements demonstrate controlled release of osteogenic calcium ions (releasing a total of 5 ± 2 µmol of Ca2+ per gram of cement over 28 d) and stimulate a 290% increase in expression of alkaline phosphatase in human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Also, design criteria are described to guide creation of future generations of bone cements that utilize FGMs as platforms to achieve dynamic biological activity.
Forecasting exchange rates for Central and Eastern European currencies using country‐specific factors
Authors: Jaworski Krystian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study builds on two strands of the literature regarding exchange rates—developing methods to forecast them and attempting to find a link between exchange rates and macroeconomic fundamentals (i.e., addressing so called “exchange rate disconnect puzzle”). We propose looking separately at its global component (common for all the currencies) and the local component (country‐specific one) instead of modeling and forecasting the exchange rate directly. We demonstrate that in the last few years, local factors have been gaining importance in shaping the exchange rate returns for the Polish Zloty, Hungarian Forint, Czech Koruna, and Romanian Leu. We further show that the main drivers of the local component of exchange rate returns are the future values of the gross domestic product growth rate and consumer price index inflation. Using principal component analysis combined with linear regression, we exploit this tendency for forecasting purposes. Our novel approach yields superior results compared to the random walk in out‐of‐sample forecasting exercise at horizons of 1 month to over a year in the case of Central and Eastern European currencies. The results withstand the sensitivity and robustness analysis.
The effect of catastrophic health expenditure on exit from poverty among the poor in South Korea
Authors: Kim Eunkyoung , Kwon Soonman 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe study aims to examine the effect of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) on exit from poverty among the poor at the poverty line of less than 40% of median income level (MIL), analysing data from the Korean Welfare Panel Study 2008–2016 through a discrete time event history analysis. Effects of CHE on poverty exit were different between exit to near‐poverty and exit to non‐poverty. Households facing CHE were less likely to exit from poverty to near‐poverty at the CHE thresholds of 20%–30%; however, effects of CHE were not associated with exiting from poverty to non‐poverty. Considering the majority of types of exit from poverty were exit to near‐poverty (about 70%), this result would raise concerns that occurrences of CHE may pose a big threat to their already limited household budget of the poor. Combined loss of income due to ill health and financial burden due to health care may force the poor to be stuck at poverty. The study was the first exploratory study in South Korea to examine the effect of CHE on exit from poverty. This study is expected to contribute to better understanding of the economic consequences of out‐of‐pocket payments due to health care among the poor over time. Reduction in the incidence of CHE by expanding the benefits coverage of the national health insurance in Korea can be an important step to reduce poverty.
Hydrogels Generated from Cyclic Poly(2‐Oxazoline)s Display Unique Swelling and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Trachsel Lucca , Romio Matteo , Zenobi‐Wong Marcy , Benetti Edmondo M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCyclic macromolecules do not feature chain ends and are characterized by a higher effective intramolecular repulsion between polymer segments, leading to a higher excluded‐volume effect and greater hydration with respect to their linear counterparts. As a result of these unique properties, hydrogels composed of cross‐linked cyclic polymers feature enhanced mechanical strength while simultaneously incorporating more solvent with respect to networks formed from their linear analogues with identical molar mass and chemical composition. The translation of topology effects by cyclic polymers into the properties of polymer networks provides hydrogels that ideally do not include defects, such as dangling chain ends, and display unprecedented physicochemical characteristics.
Context-specific volume–delay curves by combining crowd-sourced traffic data with automated traffic counters: A case study for London
Authors: Casey Gerard , Zhao Bingyu , Kumar Krishna , Soga Kenichi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Traffic congestion across the world has reached chronic levels. Despite many technological disruptions, one of the most fundamental and widely used functions within traffic modeling, the volume–delay function has seen little in the way of change since it was developed in the 1960s. Traditionally macroscopic methods have been employed to relate traffic volume to vehicular journey time. The general nature of these functions enables their ease of use and gives widespread applicability. However, they lack the ability to consider individual road characteristics (i.e., geometry, presence of traffic furniture, road quality, and surrounding environment). This research investigates the feasibility to reconstruct the model using two different data sources, namely the traffic speed from Google Maps’ Directions Application Programming Interface (API) and traffic volume data from automated traffic counters (ATC). Google’s traffic speed data are crowd-sourced from the smartphone Global Positioning System (GPS) of road users, able to reflect real-time, context-specific traffic condition of a road. On the other hand, the ATCs enable the harvesting of the vehicle volume data over equally fine temporal resolutions (hourly or less). By combining them for different road types in London, new context-specific volume–delay functions can be generated. This method shows promise in selected locations with the generation of robust functions. In other locations, it highlights the need to better understand other influencing factors, such as the presence of on-road parking or weather events.
Anti-hyperglycaemic and insulin-releasing effects of Camellia sinensis leaves and isolation and characterisation of active compounds
Authors: Ansari Prawej , Flatt Peter R. , Harriott Patrick , Abdel-Wahab Yasser H. A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnti-diabetic actions of Camellia sinensis leaves, used traditionally for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treatment, have been determined. Insulin release, membrane potential and intra-cellular Ca were studied using the pancreatic β-cell line, BRIN-BD11 and primary mouse pancreatic islets. Cellular glucose-uptake/insulin action by 3T3-L1 adipocytes, starch digestion, glucose diffusion, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV) activity and glycation were determined together with in vivo studies assessing glucose homoeostasis in high-fat-fed (HFF) rats. Active phytoconstituents with insulinotropic activity were isolated using reversed-phase HPLC, LCMS and NMR. A hot water extract of C. sinensis increased insulin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. Insulinotropic effects were significantly reduced by diazoxide, verapamil and under Ca-free conditions, being associated with membrane depolarisation and increased intra-cellular Ca2+. Insulin-releasing effects were observed in the presence of KCl, tolbutamide and isobutylmethylxanthine, indicating actions beyond K+ and Ca2+ channels. The extract also increased glucose uptake/insulin action in 3T3L1 adipocyte cells and inhibited protein glycation, DPP-IV enzyme activity, starch digestion and glucose diffusion. Oral administration of the extract enhanced glucose tolerance and insulin release in HFF rats. Extended treatment (250 mg/5 ml per kg orally) for 9 d led to improvements of body weight, energy intake, plasma and pancreatic insulin, and corrections of both islet size and β-cell mass. These effects were accompanied by lower glycaemia and significant reduction of plasma DPP-IV activity. Compounds isolated by HPLC/LCMS, isoquercitrin and rutin (464·2 Da and 610·3 Da), stimulated insulin release and improved glucose tolerance. These data indicate that C. sinensis leaves warrant further evaluation as an effective adjunctive therapy for T2DM and source of bioactive compounds.
Socioeconomic deprivation in early life and symptoms of depression and anxiety in young adulthood: mediating role of hippocampal connectivity
Authors: Čermaková Pavla , Andrýsková Lenka , Brázdil Milan , Marečková Klára 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundExperience of early-life socioeconomic deprivation (ELSD) may increase the risk of mental disorders in young adulthood. This association may be mediated by structural and functional alterations of the hippocampus.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study on 122 participants of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood. Information about ELSD was collected via questionnaire from mothers during the first 18 months of participants’ lives. At age 23–24, participants underwent examination by structural magnetic resonance imaging, resting-state functional connectivity and assessment of depressive symptoms (Mood and Feelings Questionnaire) and anxiety (Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). The association of ELSD with brain outcomes in young adulthood was assessed with correlations, linear regression (adjusting for sex, socioeconomic position and mother's mental health) and moderated mediation analysis.ResultsHigher ELSD was associated with greater depressive symptoms (B = 0.22; p = 0.001), trait anxiety (B = 0.07; p = 0.02) and lower global connectivity of the right hippocampus (B = −0.01; p = 0.02). These associations persisted when adjusted for covariates. In women, lower global connectivity of the right hippocampus was associated with stronger trait anxiety (B = −4.14; p = 0.01). Global connectivity of the right hippocampus as well as connectivity between the right hippocampus and the left middle temporal gyrus mediated the association between ELSD and trait anxiety in women. Higher ELSD correlated with a lower volume of the right hippocampus in men, but the volume of the right hippocampus was not related to mental health.ConclusionsEarly preventive strategies targeted at children from socioeconomically deprived families may yield long-lasting benefits for the mental health of the population.
THE EAR IS A LABYRINTH: JULIO ESTRADA SEARCHING FOR THE MINOTAUR
Authors: Chin Pablo Santiago 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article explores Julio Estrada's musical thinking in his early and recent works. Estrada's early works precede the development of his graphication method in the 1980s, and his recent works follow the completion of his opera Murmullos del Páramo in 2006. It is his music of these three decades between 1980 and 2006 that is most widely scrutinised – a music centred on the extensive conception and manifestation of sound as a continuum and aided in the creational process by coloured drawings on graph paper – but this article focuses on lesser-known pieces from the 1970s like Melódica and Solo para uno, as well as recent works such as his opera-in-progress, a major project conceived as a book to be read and imagined, rather than performed. It is hoped that close examination of these pieces will significantly broaden the understanding of Estrada's creative drive and lifelong research, revealing how these works entangle with his better-known developments of the sound continuum and graphication method and share common concerns with work from across his career.