bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overnight at the Crossroads: Abelardo Lafuente’s Architectural Legacy for ‘The Hong Kong and Shanghai Hotels Ltd.’ in Shanghai
Authors: Leonardo Pérez Álvaro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The business success of the most important hotel company in Asia in the 20th century, and therefore of its owners, the Kadoorie Family, is intertwined with the life of the only Spanish architect in the city of Huangpu. A long-forgotten story, its discovery reveals the interests, tastes and cultural mix of the multinational community that inhabited the most open city of the continent. Abelardo Lafuente García-Rojo (Madrid 1871–Shanghai 1931) worked uninterruptedly for the ‘Hong Kong and Shanghai Hotels Ltd.’ (HSH) for ten years since 1916. In that decade, he carried out interior renovations in eight HSH hotels in the cities of Shanghai, Hong Kong and Shameen in Canton. Along with that, he worked for many clients and introduced the Spanish neo-Arab style in several buildings which still stand today in the city under unknown authorship. His professional career in China—linked to the HSH—is a case study of the cultural melting pot of the city of Shanghai. Lafuente is nowadays a foot note in Shanghai’s architecture history and yet he deserves a chapter of his own, and this article is the first step.
Sedation-related complications during anesthesiologist-administered sedation for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a prospective study
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng C. , Ganion Nicole , Knebel Phillip , Bopp Christian , Brenner Thorsten , Weigand Markus A. , Sauer Peter , Schaible Anja 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) require adequate sedation or general anesthesia. To date, there is lack of consensus regarding who should administer sedation in these patients. Several studies have investigated the safety and efficacy of non-anesthesiologist-administered sedation for ERCP; however, data regarding anesthesiologist-administered sedation remain limited. This prospective single-center study investigated the safety and efficacy of anesthesiologist-administered sedation and the rate of successful performed ERCP procedures.

Methods
The study included 200 patients who underwent ERCP following anesthesiologist-administered sedation with propofol and remifentanil. Procedural data, oxygen saturation, systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate, recovery score, patient and endoscopist satisfaction, as well as 30-day mortality and morbidity data were analyzed.

Results
Sedation-related complications occurred in 36 of 200 patients (18%) and included hypotension (SBP < 90 mmHg) and hypoxemia (O2 saturation < 90%) in 18 patients (9%) each. Most events were minor and did not necessitate discontinuation of the procedure. However, ERCP was terminated in 2 patients (1%) secondary to sedation-related complications. Successful cannulation was performed in all patients. The mean duration of the examination was 25 ± 16 min. Mean recovery time was 14 ± 10 min, and high post-procedural satisfaction was observed in both, patients (mean visual analogue scale [VAS] 9.6 ± 0.8) and endoscopists (mean VAS 9.3 ± 1.3).

Conclusion
This study suggests that anesthesiologist-administered sedation is safe in patients undergoing ERCP and is associated with a high rate of successful ERCP, shorter procedure time, and more rapid post-anesthesia recovery, with high patient and endoscopist satisfaction.
Personal preferences of participation in fall prevention programmes: a descriptive study
Authors: Barmentloo Lotte M. , Olij Branko F. , Erasmus Vicki , Smilde Dini , Schoon Yvonne , Polinder Suzanne 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Participation in fall prevention programmes is associated with lower risk of injurious falls among older adults. However participation rates in fall prevention interventions are low. The limited participation in fall prevention might increase with a preference based approach. Therefore, the aims of this study are to a) determine the personal preferences of older adults regarding fall prevention and b) explore the association between personal preferences and participation.

Methods
We assessed the personal preferences of older adults and the association between their preferences, chosen programme and participation level. Nine different programmes, with a focus on those best matching their personal preferences, were offered to participants. Twelve weeks after the start of the programme, participation was assessed by questionnaire. Logistic regression was performed to test the association between preferences and participation and an ANOVA was performed to assess differences between the number of preferences included in the chosen programme and participation level.

Results
Of the 134 participants, 49% preferred to exercise at home versus 43% elsewhere, 46% preferred to exercise alone versus 44% in a group and 41% indicated a programme must be free of charge while 51% were willing to pay. The combination of an external location, in a group and for a fee was preferred by 27%, whereas 26% preferred at home, alone and only for free. The presence of preferences or the extent to which the programme matched earlier preferences was not associated with participation.

Conclusion
Despite the fact that preferences can vary greatly among older adults, local programmes should be available for at least the two largest subgroups. This includes a programme at home, offered individually and for free. In addition, local healthcare providers should cooperate to increase the accessibility of currently available group programmes.
Association between cytomegalovirus end-organ diseases and moderate-to-severe dementia: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Lee Kyoung Hwa , Kwon Da Eun , Do Han Kyung , La Yeonju , Han Sang Hoon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The association between cytomegalovirus (CMV) and dementia remains controversial. Previous studies have suggested that CMV serostatus, as assessed by serum immunoglobulin G, plays a role in neurodegeneration with cognitive impairment. We aimed to evaluate the association between CMV tissue-invasive end-organ diseases and moderate-to-severe dementia.

Methods
The ICD 10th revision codes from the National Health Insurance Database covering the entire population of the Republic of Korea were used to classify patients into exposed (n = 687, age ≥ 40 years, with CMV disease) and unexposed (n = 3435, without CMV disease) groups, matched by age and sex at a 1:5 ratio of exposed: unexposed. All non-HIV-1-infected subjects selected during 2010–2014 with a washout period of the previous 4 years were followed up until December 2016 to identify newly diagnosed cases of moderate-to-severe dementia.

Results
Multivariate regression model (M3) adjusted for age, sex, low income, body mass index, transplantation status, malignant neoplasms, end-stage renal disease on dialysis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia showed a significantly higher incidence of dementia (odds ratio: 1.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.2–2.8) in the exposed group than that in the unexposed group. The risk of vascular dementia (2.9, 1.1–7.5) was higher than that of Alzheimer’s disease (1.6, 1.0–2.6) in the exposed group in M3. In M3, patients aged 40–59 years with CMV diseases had a significantly higher risk of all kinds of dementia than those aged 60–79 and ≥ 80 years (11.7, 2.5–49.4 vs. 1.8, 1.1–3.2 vs. 1.3, 0.5–2.8; P = 0.025).

Conclusions
CMV diseases may be associated with the risk of moderate-to-severe dementia.
Risk stratification for prostate cancer management: value of the Cambridge Prognostic Group classification for assessing treatment allocation
Authors: Parry M. G. , Cowling T. E. , Sujenthiran A. , Nossiter J. , Berry B. , Cathcart P. , Aggarwal A. , Payne H. , van der Meulen J. , Clarke N. W. , Gnanapragasam V. J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The five-tiered Cambridge Prognostic Group (CPG) classification is a better predictor of prostate cancer-specific mortality than the traditional three-tiered classification (low, intermediate, and high risk). We investigated radical treatment rates according to CPG in men diagnosed with non-metastatic prostate cancer in England between 2014 and 2017.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with non-metastatic prostate cancer were identified from the National Prostate Cancer Audit database. Men were risk stratified according to the CPG classification. Risk ratios (RR) were estimated for undergoing radical treatment according to CPG and for receiving radiotherapy for those treated radically. Funnel plots were used to display variation in radical treatment rates across hospitals.

Results
A total of 61,999 men were included with 10,963 (17.7%) in CPG1 (lowest risk group), 13,588 (21.9%) in CPG2, 9452 (15.2%) in CPG3, 12,831 (20.7%) in CPG4, and 15,165 (24.5%) in CPG5 (highest risk group). The proportion of men receiving radical treatment increased from 11.3% in CPG1 to 78.8% in CGP4, and 73.3% in CPG5. Men in CPG3 were more likely to receive radical treatment than men in CPG2 (66.3% versus 48.4%; adjusted RR 1.44; 95% CI 1.36–1.53; P < 0.001). Radically treated men in CPG3 were also more likely to receive radiotherapy than men in CPG2 (59.2% versus 43.9%; adjusted RR, 1.18; 95% CI 1.10–1.26). Although radical treatment rates were similar in CPG4 and CPG5 (78.8% versus 73.3%; adjusted RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98–1.04), more men in CPG5 had radiotherapy than men in CPG4 (79.9% versus 59.1%, adjusted RR 1.26; 95% CI 1.12–1.40).

Conclusions
The CPG classification distributes men in five risk groups that are about equal in size. It reveals differences in treatment practices in men with intermediate-risk disease (CPG2 and CPG3) and in men with high-risk disease (CPG4 and CPGP5) that are not visible when using the traditional three-tiered risk classification.
HBV X protein-based therapeutic vaccine accelerates viral antigen clearance by mobilizing monocyte infiltration into the liver in HBV carrier mice
Authors: Horng Jau-Hau , Lin Wei-Hsiang , Wu Chang-Ru , Lin You-Yu , Wu Li-Ling , Chen Ding-Shinn , Chen Pei-Jer 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistently infected about 250 million people worldwide, and a curative treatment remains an unmet medical need. Among many approaches to treat chronic hepatitis B (CHB), therapeutic vaccines have been developed for two decades, but none have yielded promising results in clinical trials. Therefore, dissection of HBV clearance mechanisms during therapeutic vaccination in appropriate models, which could give rise to new curative therapies, is urgently needed. Growing evidence indicates that prolonged and intensive exposure of antigen-specific T cells to viral antigens is a major cause of T cell exhaustion, and decreases anti-HBV immunity efficacy of therapeutic vaccination. HBV X protein (HBx) is expressed at low levels, and the understanding of its immunogenicity and potential in therapeutic CHB vaccines is limited.

Methods
HBV genome sequences from CHB patients were cloned into a pAAV plasmid backbone and transfected into immunocompetent mouse hepatocytes through hydrodynamic injection. Mice carrying > 500 IU/mL serum HBV surface antigen (HBs) for more than 4 weeks were considered HBV carriers mimicking human CHB and received 3 doses of weekly HBx vaccine by subcutaneous immunization. Serum HBV clearance was evaluated by monitoring serum HBs and HBV-DNA titers. Residual HBV in the liver was evaluated by western blotting for HBV core antigen. The splenic antigen-specific T cell response was quantified by a 15-mer overlapping peptide-stimulated interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Blood and hepatic immune cells were quantified by flow cytometric analysis.

Results
Our HBx-based vaccine induced systemic HBx-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in HBV carrier mice and demonstrated significant HBs and HBV-DNA elimination. The protective effect persisted for at least 30 days without additional booster immunization. Different infiltrating myeloid cell subsets, each with distinctive roles during immune-mediated HBV clearance, were found in the liver of vaccinated mice. During vaccine therapy, inflammatory monocyte depletion resulted in sustained HBV clearance inhibition, whereas phagocytic monocyte-derived macrophage and Kupffer cell elimination resulted in only transient inhibition of vaccine-induced HBV clearance.

Conclusions
We report the potential role of HBx as a major immunogen in an HBV therapeutic vaccine and the significance of a liver-infiltrating monocyte subset during hepatic viral clearance.
Different effects of SGLT2 inhibitors according to the presence and types of heart failure in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Hwang In-Chang , Cho Goo-Yeong , Yoon Yeonyee E. , Park Jin Joo , Park Jun-Bean , Lee Seung-Pyo , Kim Hyung-Kwan , Kim Yong-Jin , Sohn Dae-Won 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on cardiac function are not fully understood. We investigated the changes in cardiac function in diabetic patients according to the presence and types of heart failure (HF).

Methods
We retrospectively identified 202 diabetic patients who underwent echocardiography before, and 6 to 24 months after the initiation of SGLT2i. After propensity score matching with diabetic patients without SGLT2i, the study population (n = 304) were categorized into group 1 (without HF nor SGLT2i; n = 76), group 2 (without HF and received SGLT2i; n = 78), group 3 (with HF but without SGLT2i; n = 76), and group 4 (with HF and received SGLT2i; n = 74). Changes in echocardiographic parameters were compared between these 4 groups, and between HF patients with reduced versus preserved ejection fraction (EF).

Results
After a median 13 months of follow-up, HF patients with SGLT2i showed a significant decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LV-EDD; from 57.4 mm [50.0–64.9] to 53.0 mm [48.0–60.0]; p < 0.001) and improvement in LV-EF (from 36.1% [25.6–47.5] to 45.0% [34.8–56.3]; p < 0.001). LV mass index and diastolic parameters also showed improvements in HF patients with SGLT2i. The SGLT2i-induced improvements in cardiac function were more prominent in HF patients than those without HF, and in HFrEF patients than HFpEF patients.

Conclusions
Use of SGLT2i improved cardiac function in diabetic patients, regardless of the presence of HF. The improvements were more prominent in HF patients, especially in those with HFrEF. These improvements in cardiac function would contribute to the clinical benefit of SGLT2i.
Neoadjuvant rituximab modulates the tumor immune environment in patients with high risk prostate cancer
Authors: Ryan Stephen T. , Zhang Jing , Burner Danielle N. , Liss Michael , Pittman Emily , Muldong Michelle , Shabaik Ahmed , Woo Jason , Basler Nicole , Cunha Jonathan , Shalapour Shabnam , Estrada Monica V. , Karin Michael , Messer Karen , Howell Stephen , Kane Christopher J. , Jamieson Christina A. M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Immunotherapeutic regulation of the tumor microenvironment in prostate cancer patients is not understood. Most antibody immunotherapies have not succeeded in prostate cancer. We showed previously that high-risk PCa patients have a higher density of tumor infiltrating B-cells in prostatectomy specimens. In mouse models, anti-CD20 antibody ablation of B-cells delayed PCa regrowth post-treatment. We sought to determine whether neoadjuvant anti-CD20 immunotherapy with rituximab could reduce CD20+ B cell infiltration of prostate tumors in patients.

Methods
An open label, single arm clinical trial enrolled eight high-risk PCa patients to receive one cycle of neoadjuvant rituximab prior to prostatectomy. Eleven clinical specimens with similar characteristics were selected as controls. Treated and control samples were concurrently stained for CD20 and digitally scanned in a blinded fashion. A new method of digital image quantification of lymphocytes was applied to prostatectomy sections of treated and control cases. CD20 density was quantified by a deconvolution algorithm in pathologist-marked tumor and adjacent regions. Statistical significance was assessed by one sided Welch’s t-test, at 0.05 level using a gatekeeper strategy. Secondary outcomes included CD3+ T-cell and PD-L1 densities.

Results
Mean CD20 density in the tumor regions of the treated group was significantly lower than the control group (p = 0.02). Mean CD3 density in the tumors was significantly decreased in the treated group (p = 0.01). CD20, CD3 and PD-L1 staining primarily occurred in tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). Neoadjuvant rituximab was well-tolerated and decreased B-cell and T-cell density within high-risk PCa tumors compared to controls.

Conclusions
This is the first study to treat patients prior to surgical prostate removal with an immunotherapy that targets B-cells. Rituximab treatment reduced tumor infiltrating B and T-cell density especially in TLSs, thus, demonstrating inter-dependence between B- and T-cells in prostate cancer and that Rituximab can modify the immune environment in prostate tumors. Future studies will determine who may benefit from using rituximab to improve their immune response against prostate cancer.
Trial registration NCT01804712, March 5th, 2013 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01804712?cond=NCT01804712&draw=2&rank=1
ProBDNF promotes sepsis-associated encephalopathy in mice by dampening the immune activity of meningeal CD4+ T cells
Authors: Luo Ru-Yi , Luo Cong , Zhong Feng , Shen Wei-Yun , Li Hui , Hu Zhao-Lan , Dai Ru-Ping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) increases the mortality of septic patients, but its mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of T lymphocytes, proBDNF, and their interaction in the pathogenesis of SAE.MethodsFear conditioning tests were conducted for cognitive assessment in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg kg−1)-induced septic mice. Meninges and peripheral blood were harvested for flow cytometry or qPCR. FTY720 and monoclonal anti-proBDNF antibody (McAb-proB) were used to investigate the effect of lymphocyte depletion and blocking proBDNF on the impaired cognitive functions in the septic mice.ResultsIn the septic mice, cognitive function was impaired, the percentage of CD4+T cells were decreased in the meninges (P= 0.0021) and circulation (P= 0.0222), and pro-inflammatory cytokines were upregulated, but the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 (P< 0.0001) and IL-13 (P= 0.0350) were downregulated in the meninges. Lymphocyte depletion by intragastrically treated FTY720 (1 mg kg−1) for 1 week ameliorated LPS-induced learning deficit. In addition, proBDNF was increased in the meningeal (P= 0.0042) and peripheral (P= 0.0090) CD4+T cells. Intraperitoneal injection of McAb-proB (100 μg) before LPS treatment significantly alleviated cognitive dysfunction, inhibited the downregulation of meningeal (P= 0.0264) and peripheral (P= 0.0080) CD4+T cells, and normalized the gene expression of cytokines in the meninges. However, intra-cerebroventricular McAb-proB injection (1 μg) did not have such effect. Finally, exogenous proBDNF downregulated the percentage of CD4+T cells in cultured splenocytes from septic mice (P= 0.0021).ConclusionUpregulated proBDNF in immune system promoted the pathogenesis of SAE through downregulating the circulating CD4+T cells, limiting its infiltration into the meninges and perturbing the meningeal pro-/anti-inflammatory homeostasis.
Genetic profiling of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the Bartholin’s glands reveals potential new routes for targeted therapies: a case report
Authors: Nakamura Kohei , Aimono Eriko , Tanishima Shigeki , Nomura Hidetaka , Imai Mitsuho , Hayashi Hideyuki , Nishihara Hiroshi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Bartholin gland carcinomas (BGCs) are rare tumor types, for which no molecular analyses including genomic sequencing have been reported to date. Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) of the Bartholin’s glands are an atypical histological type of BGC, and currently nothing is known regarding their genetic profiles or similarity to ACC carcinogenesis in other organs including the salivary glands, thereby limiting possible therapeutic options using precision medicine.

Case presentation
We used targeted gene sequencing to analyze the occurrence of 160 cancer-related genes in two patients with BG-ACC. KRAS and KDM6A mutations were detected in tumor samples collected from each patient. No KRAS mutations have been previously reported in salivary gland ACCs, indicating that the carcinogenesis of BG-ACC differs from that of the salivary gland ACCs. KDM6A mutations are often reported in salivary gland ACCs and facilitate novel gene-targeted therapy, including the use of BET and HDAC inhibitors.

Conclusions
A better understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms will help to clarify the carcinogenesis of BG-ACC. In turn, this will enable treatment with novel targeting agents, as well as the initial exploration of gene-based precision oncological therapies, which aim to improve treatment outcomes for patients with this disease.
The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis pathway in human diseases
Authors: Wu Tenghui , Yin Fei , Guang Shiqi , He Fang , Yang Li , Peng Jing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects cause rare genetic disorders characterised by developmental delay/intellectual disability, seizures, dysmorphic features, and diverse congenital anomalies associated with a wide range of additional features (hypotonia, hearing loss, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and several other features). Glycosylphosphatidylinositol functions as an anchor to link cell membranes and protein. These proteins function as enzymes, adhesion molecules, complement regulators, or co-receptors in signal transduction pathways. Biallelic variants involved in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins biosynthetic pathway are responsible for a growing number of disorders, including multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome; hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome/Mabry syndrome; coloboma, congenital heart disease, ichthyosiform dermatosis, mental retardation, and ear anomalies/epilepsy syndrome; and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-55. This review focuses on the current understanding of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects and the associated genes to further understand its wide phenotype spectrum.
Ulam’s stability for some linear conformable fractional differential equations
Authors: Wang Sen , Jiang Wei , Sheng Jiale , Li Rui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, by introducing the concepts of Ulam type stability for ODEs into the equations involving conformable fractional derivative, we utilize the technique of conformable fractional Laplace transform to investigate the Ulam–Hyers and Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stability for several kinds of linear differential equations in the frame of conformable fractional derivative.
A fractional derivative with two singular kernels and application to a heat conduction problem
Authors: Baleanu Dumitru , Jleli Mohamed , Kumar Sunil , Samet Bessem 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article, we suggest a new notion of fractional derivative involving two singular kernels. Some properties related to this new operator are established and some examples are provided. We also present some applications to fractional differential equations and propose a numerical algorithm based on a Picard iteration for approximating the solutions. Finally, an application to a heat conduction problem is given.