bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for the Responsible Use of Deception in Simulation
Authors: Calhoun Aaron W. , Pian-Smith May , Shah Anjan , Levine Adam , Gaba David , DeMaria Samuel , Goldberg Andrew , Meyer Elaine C. 
Published: July 2020

Summary Statement
Many techniques and modifications commonly used by the simulation community have been identified as deceptive. Deception is an important issue addressed by both the newly adopted Healthcare Simulationist Code of Ethics and the American Psychological Association Code of Conduct. Some view these approaches as essential whereas others question their necessity as well as their untoward psychological effects. In an attempt to offer guidance to simulation-based healthcare educators, we explore educational practices commonly identified as deceptive along with their potential benefits and detriments. We then address important decision points and high-risk situations that should be avoided to uphold ethical boundaries and psychological safety among learners. These are subsequently analyzed in light of the Code of Ethics and used to formulate guidelines for educators that are intended to ensure that deception, when necessary, is implemented in as psychologically safe a manner as possible.
Effects of Team Size and a Decision Support Tool on Healthcare Providers' Workloads in Simulated Neonatal Resuscitation
Authors: Roitsch Charles M. , Hagan Joseph L. , Patricia Karen E. , Jain Seema , Chen Xinpu , Arnold Jennifer L. , Devaraj Sridevi , Sundgren Nathan C. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction
Optimal resuscitation team size for workload distribution among team members is not known. In addition, decision support tools (DSTs) are available to improve team performance, but the effect on workload is not known. Because increased workload can impair performance, we aimed to determine whether team size or use of a DST alters workload in healthcare providers (HCPs) while performing neonatal resuscitation.

Methods
We report a substudy of a randomized, 2 × 2 factorial design study using 109 Neonatal Resuscitation Program–trained HCPs. Healthcare providers were randomized to 1 of 4 permutations, including team size of 2 versus 3 and using DST versus memory alone while performing 2 simulated neonatal resuscitations. The HCPs' workload was assessed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index obtained after each scenario. Mixed effects linear models compared the effect of team size and DST use on National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index scores.

Results
When all team members were combined, there was an increased workload in teams of 2 HCPs compared with teams of 3 and was primarily due to an increase in workload on the team leaders. Decision support tool use increased workload for the other team members in the first of the 2 scenarios but did not increase workload in the second scenario.

Conclusions
Teams of 2 HCPs reported a higher workload compared with teams of 3 HCPs. Decision support tool use can increase workload for other team members when first introduced as a new task. This study highlights the need to consider factors that negatively affect mental workload when determining the composition of a resuscitation team.
Supportive and palliative care for people with respiratory problems and preexisting serious mental illness
Authors: Peryer Guy , Barnes Sylvia , Farquhar Morag 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
People living with serious mental illness are at a higher risk of developing respiratory problems that can lead to increased morbidity and early mortality. This review aimed to identify recent advances in care provision for people with respiratory problems and preexisting serious mental illness to ease symptom burden and reduce the risk of premature mortality.

Recent findings
Intervention-based studies in this area are scarce. The evidence reviewed originated from observational studies. Concluding comments from the synthesis suggest there are specific needs for proactive screening of respiratory function as part of routine physical health checks across care settings for people living with serious mental illness, more stringent monitoring of comorbid chronic lung conditions and increased attention in reducing the frequency respiratory infections. Integrated services across care settings are needed to support people with serious mental illness to limit the impact of modifiable lifestyle factors known to be detrimental to respiratory health, such as smoking.

Summary
Key priorities are identified to improve accessibility and inclusivity of respiratory care pathways for people living with serious mental illness to support early detection and proactive monitoring of respiratory problems to help reduce the risk of early mortality.
Schizophrenia and cancer
Authors: González-Rodríguez Alexandre , Labad Javier , Seeman Mary V. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
The cancer mortality rate in persons with schizophrenia is higher than it is in the general population. The purpose of this review is to determine why, and to identify solutions.

Recent findings
The recent literature points to three groups of reasons why mortality is high: patient reasons such as nonadherence to treatment, provider reasons such as diagnostic overshadowing, and health system reasons such as a relative lack of collaboration between medicine and psychiatry. Strategies for cancer prevention, early detection, and effective treatment are available but difficult to put into practice because of significant barriers to change, namely poverty, cognitive and volitional deficits, heightened stress, stigma, and side effects of antipsychotic medication. The literature makes recommendations about surmounting these barriers and also offers suggestions with respect to support and palliative care in advanced stages of cancer. Importantly, it offers examples of effective collaboration between mental health and cancer care specialists.

Summary
The high mortality rate from cancer in the schizophrenia population is a matter of urgent concern. Although reasons are identifiable, solutions remain difficult to implement. As we work toward solutions, quality palliative care at the end of life is required for patients with severe mental illness.

Video abstract

http://links.lww.com/COSPC/A24
Regional Performance of Apical Support Procedures at Time of Hysterectomy for Benign Indications: What Is the Role of Surgeon Training?
Authors: Putman Jessica G. , Meister Melanie R. , Lenger Stacy M. , Lowder Jerry L. 
Published: July 2020

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with performance of concomitant apical support procedures (ASPs) with benign hysterectomy at a regional medical system.

Methods
Benign hysterectomies performed within 1 regional medical system from January 2011 to November 2017 were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and 10th Revision, and Current Procedural Terminology codes. Primary outcome was performance of concomitant ASP. χ2 Tests compared categorical variables. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with performance of concomitant ASP.

Results
A total of 12,345 benign hysterectomies were performed during the study period. Uterovaginal prolapse was the primary diagnosis in 924 (7.48%) hysterectomies and an associated diagnosis in 1180 (9.56%) hysterectomies. A total of 686 patients (5.56%) had concurrent ASPs: 119 (17.3%) in patients without a diagnosis of prolapse and 567 (82.7%) with prolapse. Using multivariable logistic regression, controlling for age, race, insurance type, hospital type, procedure year, hysterectomy route, and surgeon training in patients with a diagnosis of prolapse, older age, supracervical hysterectomy, and surgeon training were associated with performance of ASPs.

Conclusions
Even in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of uterovaginal prolapse, ASPs are not routinely performed at time of hysterectomy. Fellowship-trained surgeons were more likely to perform ASPs. Ongoing educational efforts during training and postgraduate at the national and regional level on the importance of reestablishing apical vaginal support at time of hysterectomy is needed to prevent incident and recurrent post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse.
Managing the risk of a COVID-19 outbreak from border arrivals
Authors: Steyn Nicholas , Plank Michael J. , James Alex , Binny Rachelle N. , Hendy Shaun C. , Lustig Audrey 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn an attempt to maintain elimination of COVID-19 in New Zealand, all international arrivals are required to spend 14 days in government-managed quarantine and to return a negative test result before being released. We model the testing, isolation and transmission of COVID-19 within quarantine facilities to estimate the risk of community outbreaks being seeded at the border. We use a simple branching process model for COVID-19 transmission that includes a time-dependent probability of a false negative test result. We show that the combination of 14-day quarantine with two tests reduces the risk of releasing an infectious case to around 0.1% per infected arrival. Shorter quarantine periods, or reliance on testing only with no quarantine, substantially increases this risk. We calculate the fraction of cases detected in the second week of their two week stay and show that this may be a useful indicator of the likelihood of transmission occurring within quarantine facilities. Frontline staff working at the border risk exposure to infected individuals and this has the potential to lead to a community outbreak. We use the model to test surveillance strategies and evaluate the likely size of the outbreak at the time it is first detected. We conclude with some recommendations for managing the risk of potential future outbreaks originating from the border.
SECOND WEEK METHYL-PREDNISOLONE PULSES IMPROVE PROGNOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 PNEUMONIA: AN OBSERVATIONAL COMPARATIVE STUDY USING ROUTINE CARE DATA
Authors: Ruiz-Irastorza Guillermo , Pijoan Jose-Ignacio , Bereciartua Elena , Dunder Susanna , Dominguez Jokin , Garcia-Escudero Paula , Rodrigo Alejandro , Gomez-Carballo Carlota , Varona Jimena , Guio Laura , Ibarrola Marta , Ugarte Amaia , Martinez-Berriotxoa Agustin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOBJECTIVETo analyze the effects of a short course of methyl-prednisolone pulses (MP) during the second week of disease (week-2) in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.METHODSComparative observational study using data collected from routine care at Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. We compared patients who received week-2-MP (125250 mg/d x3) with those who did not, with the end-points time to death and time to death or endotracheal intubation.RESULTSWe included 242 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and elevated inflammatory markers at admission. Sixty-one patients (25%) received week-2-MP. Twenty-two patients (9%) died and 31 (12.8%) suffered death or intubation. The adjusted HRs for death and death or intubation for patients in the week-2-MP group were 0.35 (95%CI 0.11 to 1.06, p= 0.064) and 0.33 (95%CI 0.13 to 0.84, p=0.020), respectively. These differences were specifically seen in the subcohort of patients with a SpO2/FiO2 at day 7 lower than 353 (adjusted HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.12, p=0.073 and HR 0.34, 95%CI 0.12 to 0.94, p=0.038, respectively) but not in patients with higher SpO2/FiO2. Patients receiving out-of-week-2-MP, non-pulse glucocorticoids or no glucocorticoids had an increased adjusted risk for both outcomes compared with week-2-MP group: HR 5.04 (95% CI 0.91-27.86), HR 10.09 (95% CI 2.14-47.50), HR 4.14 (95% CI 0.81-21.23), respectively, for death; HR 7.38 (95% CI 1.86-29.29), HR 13.71 (95% CI 3.76-50.07), HR 3.58 (95% CI 0.89-14.32), respectively, for death or intubation. These differences were significant only in the subgroup with low SpO2/FiO2.CONCLUSIONSWeek-2-MP are effective in improving the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with features of inflammatory activity and respiratory deterioration entering the second week of disease. The recognition of this high-risk population should prompt early use of MP at this point.
A national consensus management pathway for Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome - Temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS): The results of a national Delphi process
Authors: Harwood Rachel , Allin Benjamin , Jones Christine E , Whittaker Elizabeth , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Ramanan Athimalaipet , Kaleem Musa , Tulloh Robert , Peters Mark J , Almond Sarah , Davis Peter J , Levin Michael , Faust Saul N. , Knight Marian , Kenny Simon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a consensus management pathway for children with Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome - Temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS).DesignA three-phase online Delphi process and virtual consensus meeting sought consensus over the investigation, management and research priorities from 98 multidisciplinary participants caring for children with PIMS-TS. 46 participants (47%) completed all three phases. Participants were grouped into three panels and scored each statement from 1 (disagree) to 9 (strongly agree). In phase two participants were shown their panel’s scores, and in phase three all panels’ scores.Consensus agreement was defined as ≥70% of participants in each panel scoring the statement 7-9, and <15% scoring 1-3, and consensus disagreement was the opposite of this. Statements which achieved consensus in 2/3 panels were discussed at the consensus meeting, and when ≥70% participants agreed with the statement it achieved consensus.Results255 statements were assessed, with ‘consensus agreement’ achieved for 111 (44%), ‘consensus disagreement’ for 29 (11%), and no consensus for 115 (45%). The 140 consensus statements were used to derive the consensus management pathway.ConclusionsA national consensus pathway has been developed for children suspected of having the novel syndrome PIMS-TS in a timely, cost-efficient manner, in the midst of a global pandemic. Use of a rapid online Delphi process has made this consensus process possible. Future evidence will inform updates to this guidance, which in the interim provides a solid framework to support clinicians caring for children with PIMS-TS.
Genomic adaptations to an endolithic lifestyle in the coral-associated algaOstreobium
Authors: Iha Cintia , Dougan Katherine E. , Varela Javier A. , Avila Viridiana , Jackson Christopher J. , Bogaert Kenny A. , Chen Yibi , Judd Louise M. , Wick Ryan , Holt Kathryn E. , Pasella Marisa M. , Ricci Francesco , Repetti Sonja I. , Medina Mónica , Marcelino Vanessa R. , Chan Cheong Xin , Verbruggen Heroen 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe green algaOstreobiumis an important coral holobiont member, playing key roles in skeletal decalcification and providing photosynthate to bleached corals that have lost their dinoflagellate endosymbionts.Ostreobiumlives in the coral’s skeleton, a low-light environment with variable pH and O□ availability. We present theOstreobiumnuclear genome and a metatranscriptomic analysis of healthy and bleached corals to improve our understanding ofOstreobium’s adaptations to its extreme environment and its roles as a coral holobiont member. TheOstreobiumgenome has 10,663 predicted protein-coding genes and shows adaptations for life in low and variable light conditions and other stressors in the endolithic environment. This alga presents a rich repertoire of light-harvesting complex proteins but lacks many genes for photoprotection and photoreceptors. It also has a large arsenal of genes for oxidative stress response. An expansion of extracellular peptidases suggests thatOstreobiummay supplement its energy needs by feeding on the organic skeletal matrix, and a diverse set of fermentation pathways allow it to live in the anoxic skeleton at night.Ostreobiumdepends on other holobiont members for vitamin B12, and our metatranscriptomes identify potential bacterial sources. Metatranscriptomes showedOstreobiumbecoming a dominant agent of photosynthesis in bleached corals and provided evidence for variable responses among coral samples and differentOstreobiumgenotypes. Our work provides a comprehensive understanding of the adaptations ofOstreobiumto its extreme environment and an important genomic resource to improve our comprehension of coral holobiont resilience, bleaching and recovery.
Nuclear compartmentalization of TERT mRNA and TUG1 lncRNA transcripts is driven by intron retention: implications for RNA-directed therapies
Authors: Dumbović Gabrijela , Braunschweig Ulrich , Langner Heera K. , Jastrzebska Katarzyna , Smallegan Michael , Blencowe Benjamin , Cech Thomas R. , Caruthers Marvin H. , Rinn John L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNumerous global connections have been made between splicing and other layers of gene regulation, including the spatial partitioning of the transcriptome in the cell. Yet, there has been surprisingly little analysis of the spatio-temporal regulation of individual protein-coding and non-coding RNA molecules in single cells. Here we address how intron retention influences the spatio-temporal dynamics of transcripts from two clinically relevant genes: TERT (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) pre-mRNA and TUG1 (Taurine-Upregulated Gene 1) lncRNA. Single molecule RNA FISH revealed that nuclear TERT transcripts uniformly and robustly retain two specific introns whose splicing occurs during mitosis. In contrast, TUG1 has a bimodal distribution of fully spliced cytoplasmic and intron-retained nuclear transcripts. We further test the functionality of intron-retention events using RNA-targeting thiomorpholino antisense oligonucleotides to block intron excision. We show that intron retention is the driving force for the nuclear compartmentalization of these RNAs. For both RNAs, altering this splicing-driven subcellular distribution had significant effects on cell growth. Together, these findings show that stable retention of specific introns can orchestrate spatial compartmentalization of RNAs within the cell; this process reveals new targets for RNA-based therapies.
Ethylene is a local modulator of jasmonate-dependent phenolamide accumulation duringManduca sextaherbivory inNicotiana attenuata
Authors: Figon Florent , Baldwin Ian T. , Gaquerel Emmanuel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRapid reconfigurations of intimately connected phytohormone signaling networks allow plants to tune their physiology to constantly varying ecological conditions. During insect herbivory, most of the induced changes in defense-related leaf specialized metabolites are controlled by jasmonate (JA) signaling, which, in the wild tobaccoNicotiana attenuata, recruits MYB8, a transcription factor controlling the accumulation of phenolic-polyamine conjugates (phenolamides). In this and other plant species, herbivory also locally triggers ethylene (ET) production but the outcome of the JA-ET crosstalk at the level of secondary metabolism regulation has remained superficially investigated. Here, we analyzed local and systemic herbivory-induced changes by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in leaves of transgenic plants impaired in JA, ET and MYB8 signaling. Parsing deregulations in this factorial data-set identified a network of JA/MYB8-dependent phenolamides for which impairment of ET signaling attenuated their accumulation only in locally-damaged leaves. Further experiments revealed that ET, albeit biochemically interrelated to polyamine metabolism via the intermediateS-adenosylmethionine, does not impart on free polyamine levels, but instead significantly modulates phenolamide levels and marginally affected transcript levels in this pathway. This study identifies ET as a local modulator of phenolamide investments and provides a metabolomics data-platform to mine associations between herbivory-induced signaling and specialized metabolite groups inN. attenuata.Summary statementHerbivory-elicited ethylene acts as a local enhancer of the production of jasmonate/MYB8-dependent phenolamides during the defense response ofNicotiana attenuataleaves against herbivory by the lepidopteran larvaManduca sexta.
Molecular analyses reveal consistent food web structure with elevation in rainforestDrosophila- parasitoid communities
Authors: Jeffs Christopher T. , Terry J. Christopher D. , Higgie Megan , Jandová Anna , Konvičková Hana , Brown Joel J. , Lue Chia Hua , Schiffer Michele , O’Brien Eleanor K. , Bridle Jon , Hrcek Jan , Lewis Owen T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe analysis of interaction networks across spatial environmental gradients is a powerful approach to investigate the responses of communities to global change. Using a combination of DNA metabarcoding and traditional molecular methods we built bipartiteDrosophila-parasitoid food webs from six Australian rainforest sites across gradients spanning 850 m in elevation and 5° Celsius in mean temperature. Our cost-effective hierarchical approach to network reconstruction separated the determination of host frequencies from the detection and quantification of interactions. The food webs comprised 5-9 host and 5-11 parasitoid species at each site, and showed a lower incidence of parasitism at high elevation. Despite considerable turnover in the relative abundance of hostDrosophilaspecies, and contrary to some previous results, we did not detect significant changes to fundamental metrics of network structure including nestedness and specialisation with elevation. Advances in community ecology depend on data from a combination of methodological approaches. It is therefore especially valuable to develop model study systems for sets of closely-interacting species that are diverse enough to be representative, yet still amenable to field and laboratory experiments.
Arc1 and the microbiota together modulate growth and metabolic traits inDrosophila
Authors: Keith Scott A. , Bishop Cassandra , Fallacaro Samantha , McCartney Brooke M. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTPerturbations to animal-associated microbial communities (the microbiota) have deleterious effects on various aspects of host fitness, but the molecular processes underlying these impacts are poorly understood. Here we identify a novel connection between the microbiota and the neuronal factor Arc1 that affects growth and metabolism inDrosophila. We find thatArc1exhibits tissue-specific microbiota-dependent expression changes, and that germ-free flies bearing a null mutation ofArc1exhibit delayed and stunted larval growth, along with a variety of molecular, cellular, and organismal traits indicative of metabolic dysregulation. Remarkably, we show that the majority of these phenotypes can be fully suppressed by mono-association with a singleAcetobacter sp.isolate, through mechanisms involving both bacterial diet modification and live bacteria. Additionally, we provide evidence that Arc1 function in key neuroendocrine cells of the larval brain modulates growth and metabolic homeostasis under germ-free conditions. Our results reveal a novel role for Arc1 in modulating physiological responses to the microbial environment, and highlight how host-microbe interactions can profoundly impact the phenotypic consequences of genetic mutations in an animal host.SUMMARYDrosophilaArc1 exhibits microbiota-dependent, tissue-specific differential expression and functionally interacts with a keyAcetobacter sp.isolate to regulate developmental growth and metabolic traits.