bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The holobiont concept before Margulis
Authors: Baedke Jan , Fábregas‐Tejeda Alejandro , Nieves Delgado Abigail 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn recent years, Lynn Margulis has been credited in various articles as the person who introduced the concept of holobiont into biology in the early 1990s. Today, the origin of evolutionary studies on holobionts is closely linked to her name. However, Margulis was not the first person to use this concept in its current context. That honor goes to the German theoretical biologist Adolf Meyer‐Abich, who introduced the holobiont concept nearly 50 years before her (in 1943). Although nearly completely forgotten today, in the 1940–60s he developed a comprehensive theory of evolutionary change through “holobiosis.” It had a surprisingly modern outlook, as it not only addressed tenets of today's evolutionary developmental biology (evo‐devo), like the origin of form and production of variation, but also anticipated key elements of Margulis' later endosymbiotic theory. As the holobiont concept has become an important guiding concept for organizing research, labeling conferences, and publishing articles on host‐microbiota collectives and hologenomes, the field should become aware of the independent origin of this concept in the context of holistic biology of the 1940s.
Developmental regulatory system of ocular‐side‐specific asymmetric pigmentation in flounder: Critical role of retinoic acid signaling
Authors: Chen Qiran , Sato Kota , Yokoi Hayato , Suzuki Tohru 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe body color of the Pleuronectiformes is bilaterally asymmetric between right and left halves, with a dark ocular‐side and a white blind‐side. This body color asymmetry develops by restricted differentiation of melanophores and xanthophores on the ocular‐side during metamorphosis, accompanied by migration of one eye to the future ocular‐side. In this study, we elucidated the developmental regulatory system of this lateralized pigmentation. We found that in flounder, Sox10‐positive chromatophore progenitors appear bilaterally both in the ocular‐ and blind‐side skin of metamorphosing larvae, and that those arriving at the ocular‐side skin differentiate into gch2‐positive chromatoblasts and then chromatophores. Transient exposure of metamorphosing larvae to retinoic acid (RA)‐induced progenitors on the blind‐side to differentiate into gch2‐positive chromatoblasts. On the contrary, exposure to an RA receptor antagonist, BMS493, suppressed the differentiation of gch2‐positive chromatoblasts on the ocular‐side. Thus, we demonstrated that RA is essential for flounder chromatophore progenitors to differentiate into chromatoblasts. At the time of chromatoblast differentiation on the ocular‐side, cyp26b1, which inactivates RA, was upregulated on the blind‐side skin compared with the ocular‐side. Therefore, we surmise that ocular‐side‐specific pigmentation is regulated by the inhibition of RA‐signaling by cyp26b1 on the blind‐side.
Evaluation of Forkhead Box P3 gene polymorphisms in chronic HBV infection
Authors: Akgöllü Ersin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes liver failure, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The FOXP3 gene polymorphisms, the rs2232365 A/G and the rs3761548 A/C, were identified to be associated with regulatory T cell‐mediated immunosuppression. The response to HBV infection may be affected by FOXP3 polymorphisms. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between FOXP3 gene polymorphisms and chronic HBV infection risk.MethodsFOXP3 gene polymorphisms were explored in 237 chronic HBV patients and in 237 individuals with HBV spontaneous clearance using a real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe patients with rs2232365 AG and rs3761548 AC genotype had a 1.20‐ and a 1.58‐fold greater HBV risk than non‐carriers patients, although they were not significant. Moreover, the AA genotypes of both polymorphisms in the males and females had an increased the persistent HBV risk, although this also was not statistically significant.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the present study is the first report to demonstrate that these polymorphisms have no effect on the risk of chronic HBV infection. This results suggest that FOXP3 gene polymorphisms and FOXP3 expression should be evaluated together with frequency of regulatory T cells in HBV infection.
Long cycles and spanning subgraphs of locally maximal 1‐planar graphs
Authors: Fabrici I. , Harant J. , Madaras T. , Mohr S. , Soták R. , Zamfirescu C. T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA graph is 1‐planar if it has a drawing in the plane such that each edge is crossed at most once by another edge. Moreover, if this drawing has the additional property that for each crossing of two edges the end vertices of these edges induce a complete subgraph, then the graph is locally maximal 1‐planar. For a 3‐connected locally maximal 1‐planar graph G, we show the existence of a spanning 3‐connected planar subgraph and prove that G is Hamiltonian if G has at most three 3‐vertex‐cuts, and that G is traceable if G has at most four 3‐vertex‐cuts. Moreover, infinitely many nontraceable 5‐connected 1‐planar graphs are presented.
Effects of myeloid cell-restricted TNF inhibitors in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Drutskaya Marina S. , Nosenko Maxim A. , Gorshkova Ekaterina A. , Mokhonov Vladislav V. , Zvartsev Ruslan V. , Polinova Almina I. , Kruglov Andrey A. , Nedospasov Sergei A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Systemic TNF neutralization can be used as a therapy for several autoimmune diseases. To evaluate the effects of cell type-restricted TNF blockade, we previously generated bispecific antibodies that can limit TNF secretion by myeloid cells (myeloid cell-specific TNF inhibitors or MYSTIs). In this study several such variable domain (VH) of a camelid heavy-chain only antibody-based TNF inhibitors were compared in relevant experimental models, both in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with MYSTI-2, containing the anti-F4/80 module, can restrict the release of human TNF (hTNF) from LPS-activated bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) cultures of humanized TNF knock-in (mice; hTNFKI) more effectively than MYSTI-3, containing the anti-CD11b module. MYSTI-2 was also superior to MYSTI-3 in providing in vivo protection in acute toxicity model. Finally, MYSTI-2 was at least as effective as Infliximab in preventing collagen antibody-induced arthritis. This study demonstrates that a 33 kDa bispecific mini-antibody that specifically restricts TNF secretion by macrophages is efficient for amelioration of experimental arthritis.
Morphological structure of the aortic wall in three Delphinid species with shallow or intermediate diving habits: Evidence for diving adaptation
Authors: Mompeó Blanca , Pérez Lilian , Fernández Antonio , Saavedra Pedro , Rivero Miguel , Arbelo Manuel , Arregui Marina , Suárez‐Santana Cristian , Bernaldo‐de‐Quiros Yara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSome modifications in the vascular system of marine mammals provide adaptive advantages for diving. This study analyses the organisation of the aortic wall in dolphins, observing artery changes in volume and blood pressure for diving behaviour. Samples of three aortic segments (ascending, thoracic and abdominal) of three dolphin species were processed for histological and morphometric studies. The three dolphin species used, striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba), Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) and common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), have shallow or intermediate diving habits. Our results indicated that the components of the aortic wall of the dolphins had different dispositions in the three selected segments. The aortic wall decreased in thickness along its length due to a loss of the lamellar units in the tunica media and a thinning of the main elements of the lamellar units along the artery. The life stage had little influence on the thickness of the aortic wall except for the ascending aorta. The weight, body length, species or sex of the specimen did not significantly influence the thickness of the wall or the lamellar units. In summary, the histological and morphometric aortic structure in dolphins, in relation to the studied parameters, seems to be similar to that previously described of terrestrial mammals such as pigs, except for a larger difference in the proportion of lamellar units between the ascending and thoracic segments.
Accuracy of EBRA‐cup measurements after reconstruction of severe acetabular defects at revision THR
Authors: Abrahams John M. , Callary Stuart A. , Jang Sung W. , Hewitt Joseph , Howie Donald W. , Solomon Lucian B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRadiostereometric analysis (RSA) is the most accurate method of measuring component migration using radiographs but is restricted to use in prospective studies. Ein‐Bild‐Roentgen‐analyze (EBRA)‐Cup can be used retrospectively, but its accuracy to measure component migration following revision is unknown. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of EBRA‐Cup measurements of uncemented acetabular component migration after revision total hip replacement (THR). The secondary aim was to compare the number of cases identified using EBRA‐Cup and RSA as having proximally migrated above and below 1 mm at 2 years postoperatively. EBRA‐Cup measurements were performed on plain antero‐posterior pelvic radiographs taken at the same time as RSA radiographs in a prospective cohort of 53 hips undergoing acetabular revision. At 2 years, the mean difference between the RSA and EBRA‐Cup measurements for 17 components used to treat pelvic discontinuity was 0.90 mm, significantly greater than the mean difference of 0.28 mm for 36 components without discontinuity (P = .0001). The mean difference between the RSA and EBRA‐Cup measurements at 2 years for hips that were reconstructed with an acetabular component alone, 0.28 mm, was significantly lower than hips that were reconstructed with an acetabular component in combination with an augment and/or cage, 0.74 mm (P = .0005). In conclusion, EBRA‐Cup can accurately measure migration of uncemented acetabular components used at revision THR. The presence of pelvic discontinuity, and addition of augments and cages, significantly influenced the accuracy of EBRA‐Cup measurements. EBRA‐Cup and RSA had good agreement on classification of components that migrated proximally above or below 1 mm at 2 years, with 100% sensitivity, and 87% specificity.
Synergistic Rheological Behavior of Mixed Micellar Solutions of Surfactin and Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide
Authors: Zhao Jing , Fang Bo , Guo Yiguang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper investigated the rheological properties of novel viscoelastic thickening micelle system formed by surfactin and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The total concentration of surfactin and CTAB was maintained at 12 wt%. The rheological behavior of the surfactin/CTAB synergistic micelles with different mass ratio and pH was systematically investigated. For the surfactin/CTAB micellar system with a mass ratio varied from 1/11 to 4/8, the viscosity of the micelles rose to a maximum with increasing pH, and then decreased with a further increase of pH. When the mass ratio was surfactin:CTAB = 2.5:9.5 (pH 5.72), the maximum viscosity of the micelle solution reached 8170 mPa. s. Meanwhile, the viscosity curve of the surfactin/CTAB systems was described by the nonlinear co‐rotational Jeffreys model. This work sets a rheological foundation for the application of surfactin/CTAB systems. The thixotropic loop area of the micelles was basically zero. Through viscoelasticity measurements, the results demonstrated that the appropriate surfactin/CTAB mass ratio would favor the stability of the network structure of the synergistic thickening system. The value of G″(viscous modulus) is always higher than the value of G′ (elastic modulus).
Lifetime prediction model of electrophoretic display based on high temperature and high humidity test
Authors: Wu Mi , Luo Yujie , Wu Fenfang , Chen Yu , Wang Xidu , Zeng Xi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper studied the failure model of electrophoretic display (EPD) under different temperature and humidity conditions. With nine high temperature and high humidity tests, it verified that the Arrhenius accelerated lifetime model and the Peck accelerated lifetime model were not suitable for the lifetime prediction of EPD. Therefore, based on these two accelerated life models, this article proposed a new acceleration lifetime model, the Luo, Wu and Wu (LWW) model, which was more suitable for EPDs.
Durability of galvanised fasteners in timber construction
Authors: Nürnberger Ulf , Köse Esref Cenk 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article describes the possible corrosion conditions for fasteners in timber outdoor constructions. In the case of fasteners (e.g., timber screws), a distinction must be made between corrosion outside the timber and in contact with the timber. In case of contact with timber, the influence of timber constituents (acetic acid and timber protection agents), which are effective when the moisture content of the timber is high, must be taken into account. In the weathered area, the corrosion exposure and the corrosion of zinc coatings in contact with timber can, therefore, be higher than in pure atmospheric corrosion. In nonweathered areas, it may be reversed due to possible concentration of pollutants outside the timber and insufficient timber moisture. Recent research results are explained using timber screws as an example. Furthermore, the requirements for zinc coatings for fasteners in timber construction are presented on the basis of the current standardisation.
In Situ Encapsulation of Nile Red or Doxorubicin during RAFT‐Mediated Emulsion Polymerization via Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Engström Joakim , Asem Heba , Brismar Hjalmar , Zhang Yuning , Malkoch Michael , Malmström Eva 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHydrophobic agents, a fluorescent dye (Nile red, NR) or an anticancer drug (doxorubicin, DOX), are encapsulated into poly((N‐[3‐(dimethylamino) propyl] methacrylamide)‐b‐poly (methyl methacrylate) (PDMAPMA‐b‐PMMA) nanoparticles (NPs) via one‐pot reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT)‐mediated emulsion polymerization in water. The macroRAFT, PDMAPMA, is chain‐extended with the methyl methacrylate (MMA), with the hydrophobic agents soluble in MMA, resulting in loaded NPs, with either NR or DOX via polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA). The NR‐loaded NPs are visualized by structured illumination microscopy (SIM), thus indicating the successful loading of the fluorescent dye into the PMMA core. The DOX‐loaded NPs exhibit a sustained release profile over 5 d, showing a small burst effect during the first 2 h, as compared with the free DOX. The DOX‐loaded NPs show higher cell toxicity than the free DOX in RAW 264.7 cell line. The results demonstrate the potential of using emulsion polymerization for synthesis of tailored and reproducible NPs encapsulating hydrophobic agents.
Technical Note: Validation of TG 233 phantom methodology to characterize noise and dose in patient CT data
Authors: Ria Francesco , Solomon Justin B. , Wilson Joshua M. , Samei Ehsan 
Published: February 2020

PurposePhantoms are useful tools in diagnostic CT, but practical limitations reduce phantoms to being only a limited patient surrogate. Furthermore, a phantom with a single cross sectional area cannot be used to evaluate scanner performance in modern CT scanners that use dose reduction techniques such as automated tube current modulation (ATCM) and iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms to adapt x‐ray flux to patient size, reduce radiation dose, and achieve uniform image noise. A new multisized phantom (Mercury Phantom, MP) has been introduced, representing multiple diameters. This work aimed to ascertain if measurements from MP can predict radiation dose and image noise in clinical CT images to prospectively inform protocol design.MethodsThe adult MP design included four different physical diameters (18.5, 23.0, 30.0, and 37.0 cm) representing a range of patient sizes. The study included 1457 examinations performed on two scanner models from two vendors, and two clinical protocols (abdominopelvic with and chest without contrast). Attenuating diameter, radiation dose, and noise magnitude (average pixel standard deviation in uniform image) was automatically estimated in patients and in the MP using a previously validated algorithm. An exponential fit of CTDIvol and noise as a function of size was applied to patients and MP data. Lastly, the fit equations from the phantom data were used to fit the patient data. In each patient distribution fit, the normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) values were calculated in the residuals’ plots as a metric to indicate how well the phantom data can predict dose and noise in clinical operations as a function of size.ResultsFor dose across patient size distributions, the difference between nRMSE from patient fit and MP model data prediction ranged between 0.6% and 2.0% (mean 1.2%). For noise across patient size distributions, the nRMSE difference ranged between 0.1% and 4.7% (mean 1.4%).ConclusionsThe Mercury Phantom provided a close prediction of radiation dose and image noise in clinical patient images. By assessing dose and image quality in a phantom with multiple sizes, protocol parameters can be designed and optimized per patient size in a highly constrained setup to predict clinical scanner and ATCM system performance.
Minimizing Time Fed Rotifers Maximizes Hybrid Striped Bass Larval Growth in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
Authors: Fuller S Adam 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Hybrid Striped Bass (HSB; White Bass Morone chrysops × Striped Bass M. saxatilis) represent a valuable sector of the U.S. aquaculture industry. Despite their commercial importance, one factor limiting the growth of the HSB industry is the lack of refined methods to rear larvae in tanks, including the lack of knowledge about optimal rearing conditions, feeding behavior, and efforts to reduce the time larvae spend utilizing live foods. Four-day-old HSB larvae were stocked into two recirculating aquaculture systems (72.0–73.9 larvae/L) maintained at 18°C and 26°C. Larvae were fed three times daily with either rotifers Brachionus plicatilis (60 rotifers · mL−1 · tank−1 · d−1) or brine shrimp Artemia sp. (12 Artemia · mL−1 · tank−1 · d−1) according to the designated replicated treatment for 2–12 d in 2-d increments where larvae were progressively weaned from rotifers onto Artemia. The number of days fed rotifers (DFR) had no significant effect on survival of larvae reared at either 18°C (46.6%) or 26°C (30.2%). However, there was a significant difference in larval survival between the two temperatures. Larvae were measured at the conclusion of the study, and those reared at 18°C were shorter (8.00 mm TL) than those reared at 26°C (9.59 mm TL); TL and body depth of larvae varied significantly among treatments by temperature, DFR, and their interaction. These results demonstrate that minimizing the time spent feeding on rotifers maximized the growth of HSB larvae. Results also indicate that Artemia is a suitable diet for 6-d-old larval HSB and that the fish can easily be weaned from rotifers at both optimum (26°C) and suboptimum (18°C) culture temperatures while maintaining suitable growth. Notably, this was achieved with no significant drop in survival. Additional research is needed to optimize Artemia nauplius feeding regimes to minimize the time for which HSB must be given live feeds in order to wean to a dry diet more quickly while optimizing growth and survival.
Assessing Establishment and Growth of Agricultural Plantings on Reservoir Mudflats
Authors: Norris David M. , Hatcher Hunter R. , Colvin Michael E. , Coppola Giancarlo , Lashley Marcus A. , Miranda Leandro E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Winter drawdowns in flood control reservoirs create expansive mudflats that lack the vegetation typical of littoral zones, which reduces the amount of structure available for fish habitat. This study investigated the feasibility of establishing agricultural plantings as a management action to ameliorate mudflats by providing structural cover following reservoir refilling. We tested cool-season annual grasses and clovers applied in several mixed and monoculture treatments that were sown on the mudflats of Enid Reservoir, Mississippi, during the winter drawdown in three consecutive years. Soil samples were taken for analysis of pH and macronutrients prior to planting. Plantings were monitored until the following spring to evaluate effectiveness of establishment through ground coverage, height, and stem density sampling. Plots were assigned a seeding treatment of either grasses (ryegrass Lolium spp. or triticale x Triticosecale sp.), clovers (balansa clover Trifolium michelianum or berseem clover Trifolium alexandrinum), or both (mixed plantings) or left as an unseeded control. Differences among plant treatments were assessed via repeated measures analysis of variance and differences among means evaluated with Tukey's honestly significant difference test. Soil productivity within the study area was poor all 3 years. Grasses germinated both when disked into the soil and when top sown, while clover only germinated when disked. Plots seeded with grasses performed better than control plots with respect to stem density, height, and ground coverage, while plots seeded with grass and clover mixtures performed better than control plots only with respect to height, and plots seeded with only clover did not perform significantly better than control plots. Results serve as an evaluation of the efficacy of agricultural plant establishment on the mudflats of a flood control reservoir, inform the direction of future research, and identify considerations regarding the application of agricultural plantings as a management tool to create fish habitat.
Equilibrium strategies and optimal pricing in an online retailing queueing system
Authors: Wang Jinting , Wang Zhongbin , Chen Yang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article considers an M/M/1 online retailing queueing model with strategic customers and a monopoly retailer. Customers arrive according to a Poisson process, and upon arrival, they decide whether to purchase the product based on a reward‐cost structure. The valuation of the product is determined by its matching probability with the demand. After receiving the purchased product, each customer enters a “virtual” orbit to update the information about the product and then makes her decision on whether to replace or return the product based on the product's assessed value. Accordingly, a two‐dimensional decision among customers is formulated and we investigate the equilibrium customer strategies and the optimal pricing strategy for the retailer. Interestingly, in equilibrium, we find that the system's throughput can be nonmonotone in the product's matching probability. In addition, under the equilibrium strategy of customers, we reveal the fact that the retailer's optimal price is not necessarily increasing in the matching probability. From the perspective of the social planner, the returning behavior can worsen the social welfare, and therefore those unsatisfied customers are encouraged to replace the product rather than to return it. Finally, some numerical experiments are conducted to verify our results and to examine the sensitivity of several key performance measures of the system.