bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of new consent procedures on uptake of the schools-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme
Authors: Fisher Harriet , Hickman Matthew , Ferrie Joanne , Evans Karen , Bell Michael , Yates Julie , Roderick Marion , Reynolds Rosy , MacLeod John , Audrey Suzanne 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Local policy change initiating new consent procedures was introduced during 2017–2018 for the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme year in two local authorities in the south–west of England. This study aims to assess impact on uptake and inequalities.

Methods
Publicly available aggregate and individual-level routine data were retrieved for the programme years 2015–2016 to 2018–2019. Statistical analyses were undertaken to show: (i) change in uptake in intervention local authorities in comparison to matched local authorities and (ii) change in uptake overall, and by local authority, school type, ethnicity and deprivation.

Results
Aggregate data showed uptake in Local Authority One increased from 76.3% to 82.5% in the post-intervention period (risk difference: 6.2% P = 0.17), with a difference-in-differences effect of 11.5% (P = 0.03). There was no evidence for a difference-in-differences effect in Local Authority Two (P = 0.76). Individual-level data showed overall uptake increased post-intervention (risk difference: +1.1%, P = 0.05), and for young women attending school in Local Authority One (risk difference: 2.3%, P &lt; 0.01). No strong evidence for change by school category, ethnic group and deprivation was found.

Conclusion
Implementation of new consent procedures can improve and overcome trends for decreasing uptake among matched local authorities. However, no evidence for reduction in inequalities was found.

Implications and discussion
The new consent procedures increased uptake in one of the intervention sites and appeared to overcome trends for decreasing uptake in matched sites. There are issues in relation to the quality of data which require addressing.
Evaluation of an oral joint supplement on gait kinematics and biomarkers of cartilage metabolism and inflammation in mature riding horses
Authors: Much Mattea L , Leatherwood Jessica L , Martinez Rafael E , Silvers Brittany L , Basta Casey F , Gray Lydia F , Bradbery Amanda N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Twenty stock-type horses (589 ± 126 kg BW; 13 ± 8 yr) were used in a completely randomized design for 28-d to evaluate the impact of a joint supplement on gait kinematics, inflammation, and cartilage metabolism. Horses were stratified by age, sex, body weight (BW), and initial lameness scores and were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments consisting of either a 100-g placebo top-dressed daily to 0.6% BW (as-fed) commercial concentrate (CON; n = 10; SafeChoice Original, Cargill, Inc.), or an oral joint supplement (SmartPak Equine LLC) containing glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, methylsulfonylmethane, turmeric, resveratrol, collagen, silica, and boron (TRT; n = 10). Horses were group-housed with ad libitum access to coastal bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon) and allowed to graze pasture 2 h/d. Horses were exercised progressively 4 d/wk at 45 min each. On days 13 and 27, blood was harvested followed by a 19.3-km exercise stressor on concrete. Horses traveled at the walk, with no more than 15 min at the trot. Every 14 d, BW and BCS were recorded, and blood was collected for plasma prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), serum collagenase cleavage neopeptide (C2C), carboxypropeptide of type II collagen (CPII), and chondroitin sulfate 846 epitope (CS846) analysis. Kinematic gait analysis was performed every 14 d (Kinovea v.0.8.15) to determine stride length (SL) and range of motion (ROM) of the knee and hock at the walk and trot. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. All horses increased BW and BCS over time (P ≤ 0.01). Hock ROM increased in TRT horses (P ≤ 0.02) at the walk and tended to increase at the trot compared to CON (P = 0.09). At the walk, SL and knee ROM increased over time, independent of dietary treatment (P ≤ 0.01); no time effect was observed at the trot (P &gt; 0.15). Regardless of treatment, C2C and CPII increased over time (P ≤ 0.05) and no effect was observed for CS846 or PGE2 (P &gt; 0.12). In response to the exercise stressor, CPII and PGE2 decreased (P ≤ 0.05) from day 13 to 14, and CS846 and PGE2 tended to decrease (P ≤ 0.10) from day 27 to 28, independent of dietary treatment. In conclusion, hock ROM at the walk and trot was most sensitive to dietary treatment. Supplementation did not alter biomarker concentration of collagen metabolites or systemic inflammation in the 28-d period, but a future study utilizing arthrocentesis may be warranted to specifically evaluate intra-articular response to dietary treatment.
Towards sensor-based calving detection in the rangelands: a systematic review of credible behavioral and physiological indicators
Authors: Chang Anita Z , Swain David L , Trotter Mark G 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Calving is a critical point in both a cow and calf’s life, when both become more susceptible to disease and risk of death. Ideally, this period is carefully monitored. In extensive grazing systems, however, it is often not economically or physically possible for producers to continuously monitor animals, and thus, calving frequently goes undetected. The development of sensor systems, particularly in these environments, could provide significant benefits to the industry by increasing the quantity and quality of individual animal monitoring. In the time surrounding calving, cows undergo a series of behavioral and physiological changes, which can potentially be detected using sensing technologies. Before developing a sensor-based approach, it is worthwhile considering these behavioral and physiological changes, such that the appropriate technologies can be designed and developed. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify changes in the dam’s behavioral and physiological states in response to a calving event. Articles (n = 104) consisting of 111 independent experiments were assessed following an intensive search of electronic databases. Commonly reported indicators of parturition (n = 38) were identified, and temporal trend graphs were generated for 13 of these changes. The results compare trends in behavioral and physiological changes across a variety of animal-related factors and identifies several reliable indicators of parturition for detection with sensors, namely calf grooming behavior, changes in rumination duration, and lying bouts. This synthesis of literature suggests that variability exists between individuals and thus, combining several calving indicators may result in a more broadly applicable and accurate detection of parturition.
Prism adaptation treatment for upper-limb complex regional pain syndrome: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Halicka Monika , Vittersø Axel D. , McCullough Hayley , Goebel Andreas , Heelas Leila , Proulx Michael J. , Bultitude Janet H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Initial evidence suggested that people with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) have reduced attention to the affected side of their body and the surrounding space, which might be related to pain and other clinical symptoms. Three previous unblinded, uncontrolled studies showed pain relief after treatment with prism adaptation, an intervention that has been used to counter lateralised attention bias in brain-lesioned patients. To provide a robust test of its effectiveness for CRPS, we conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial of prism adaptation for unilateral upper-limb CRPS-I. Forty-nine eligible adults with CRPS were randomized to undergo 2 weeks of twice-daily home-based prism adaptation treatment (n = 23) or sham treatment (n = 26). Outcomes were assessed in person 4 weeks before and immediately before treatment, and immediately after and 4 weeks after treatment. Long-term postal follow-ups were conducted 3 and 6 months after treatment. We examined the effects of prism adaptation vs sham treatment on current pain intensity and the CRPS symptom severity score (primary outcomes), as well as sensory, motor, and autonomic functions, self-reported psychological functioning, and experimentally tested neuropsychological functions (secondary outcomes). We found no evidence that primary or secondary outcomes differed between the prism adaptation and sham treatment groups when tested at either time point after treatment. Overall, CRPS severity significantly decreased over time for both groups, but we found no benefits of prism adaptation beyond sham treatment. Our findings do not support the efficacy of prism adaptation treatment for relieving upper-limb CRPS-I. This trial was prospectively registered (ISRCTN46828292).
Long-term opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain: second update of the German guidelines
Authors: Petzke Frank , Bock Frietjof , Hüppe Michael , Nothacker Monika , Norda Heike , Radbruch Lukas , Schiltenwolf Marcus , Schuler Matthias , Tölle Thomas , Viniol Anika , Häuser Winfried 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
The opioid epidemic in North America challenges national guidelines worldwide to define the importance of opioids for the management of chronic noncancer pain (CNCP).

Methods:
The second update of the German guidelines on long-term opioid therapy for CNCP was developed by 26 scientific associations and 2 patient self-help organizations. A systematic literature search in CENTRAL, Medline, and Scopus (to May 2019) was performed. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials and open-label extension studies with opioids for CNCP were conducted. Levels of evidence were assigned according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine classification system. The formulation and strength of recommendations were established by multistep formalized procedures to reach a consensus according to German Association of the Medical Scientific Societies regulations. The guidelines underwent external review by 4 experts and public commentary.

Results:
Opioids are one drug-based treatment option for short- (4–12 weeks), intermediate- (13–26 weeks), and long-term (>26 weeks) therapy of chronic pain in osteoarthritis, diabetic polyneuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, and low back pain. Contraindications are primary headaches, functional somatic syndromes, and mental disorders with the (cardinal) symptom of pain. For specified other clinical pain conditions, short- and long-term therapy with opioids should be evaluated on an individual basis. Long-term therapy with opioids is associated with relevant risks.

Conclusion:
Responsible application of opioids requires consideration of possible indications and contraindications, as well as regular assessment of clinical response and adverse effects. Neither uncritical opioid prescription nor general rejection of opioids is justified in patients with CNCP.
Liver Resection for Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gelli Maximiliano , Sebagh Mylène , Porcher Raphaël , Romanelli Elena , Vibert Eric , Sa Cunha Antonio , Castaing Denis , Rosmorduc Olivier , Samuel Didier , Adam René , Cherqui Daniel 
Published: August 2020

Background and Aims:
LR and LT are the standard curative options for early HCC. LT provides best long-term survival but is limited by organ shortage. LR, readily available, is hampered by high recurrence rates. Salvage liver transplantation is an efficient treatment of recurrences within criteria. The aim of the study was to identify preoperative predictors of non transplantable recurrence (NTR) to improve patient selection for upfront LR or LT at initial diagnosis.

Study Design:
Consecutive LR for transplantable HCC between 2000 and 2015 were studied. A prediction model for NTR based on preoperative variables was developed using sub-distribution hazard ratio after multiple imputation and internal validation by bootstrapping. Model performance was evaluated by the concordance index after correction for optimism.

Results:
A total of 148 patients were included. Five-year overall survival and recurrence free survival were 73.6% and 29.3%, respectively (median follow-up 45.8 months). Recurrence rate was 54.8%. NTR rate was 38.2%. Preoperative model for NTR identified >1 nodule [sub-distribution hazard ratio 2.35 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35–4.09], AFP >100 ng/mL (2.14 95% CI 1.17–3.93), and F4 fibrosis (1.93 95% CI 1.03–3.62). The apparent concordance index of the model was 0.664 after correction for optimism. In the presence of 0, 1, and ≥2 factors, NTR rates were 2.6%, 22.7%, and 40.9%, respectively. The number of prognostic factors was significantly associated with the pattern of recurrence (P = 0.001) and 5-year recurrence free survival (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Cirrhosis, >1 nodule, and AFP >100 ng/mL were identified as preoperative predictors of NTR. In the presence of 2 factors or more upfront transplantation should be probably preferred to resection in regard of organ availability. Other patients are good candidates for LR and salvage liver transplantation should be encouraged in eligible patients with recurrence.
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Using Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil (PF) Versus Carboplatin and Paclitaxel (CROSS Regimen) for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC)
Authors: Wong Ian Y. H. , Lam K. O. , Zhang Rui Qi , Chan Wendy W. L. , Wong Claudia L. Y. , Chan Fion S. Y. , Kwong Dora L. W. , Law Simon Y. K. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
This study compared the efficacy of PF-based and CROSS-based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for ESCC.

Background:
PF-based regimen has been a standard regimen for ESCC, but it has been replaced by the CROSS regimen in the past few years, despite no prospective head-to-head comparative study has been performed.

Methods:
This is a single center retrospective study. Records of all ESCC patients who have received neoadjuvant PF with 40 Gy radiotherapy in 20 daily fractions (PFRT Group) or CROSS with 41.4 Gy radiotherapy in 23 daily fractions (CROSS Group) during the period 2002 to 2019 were retrieved. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed to minimize baseline differences. The primary and secondary endpoints were overall survival and clinicopathological response. Subgroup analysis (“CROSS Eligibility”) was performed based on tumor length, cT-stage, cM-stage, age, and performance status.

Results:
One hundred (out of 109) patients (CROSS group) and propensity score matched 100 (out of 210) patients (PFRT group) were included. Esophagectomy rates in CROSS and PFRT group were 69% and 76%, respectively (P = 0.268). R0 resection rates were 85.5% and 81.6% (P = 0.525) and the pathological complete remission rates were 24.6% and 35.5% (P = 0.154). By intention-to-treat, the median survival was 16.7 and 32.7 months (P = 0.083). For “CROSS Eligible subgroup,” the median survival of the CROSS and PFRT group was 21.6 versus 44.9 months (P = 0.093).

Conclusions:
There is no statistically difference in survival or clinicopathological outcome between both groups, but the trend favors PFRT. Prospective head-to-head comparison and novel strategies to improve the outcomes in resectable ESCC are warranted.
First Long-term Oncologic Results of the ALPPS Procedure in a Large Cohort of Patients With Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Petrowsky Henrik , Linecker Michael , Raptis Dimitri A. , Kuemmerli Christoph , Fritsch Ralph , Kirimker Onur E. , Balci Deniz , Ratti Francesca , Aldrighetti Luca , Voskanyan Sergey , Tomassini Federico , Troisi Roberto I. , Bednarsch Jan , Lurje Georg , Fard-Aghaie Mohammad-Hossein , Reese Tim , Oldhafer Karl J. , Ghamarnejad Omid , Mehrabi Arianeb , Abraham Mauro E. Tun , Truant Stéphanie , Pruvot Francois-René , Hoti Emir , Kambakamba Patryk , Capobianco Ivan , Nadalin Silvio , Fernandes Eduardo S. M. , Kron Philipp , Lodge Peter , Olthof Pim B. , van Gulik Thomas , Castro-Benitez Carlos , Adam René , Machado Marcel Autran , Teutsch Martin , Li Jun , Scherer Marcus N. , Schlitt Hans J. , Ardiles Victoria , de Santibañes Eduardo , Brusadin Roberto , Lopez-Lopez Victor , Robles-Campos Ricardo , Malagó Massimo , Hernandez-Alejandro Roberto , Clavien Pierre-Alain 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
To analyze long-term oncological outcome along with prognostic risk factors in a large cohort of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) undergoing ALPPS.

Background:
ALPPS is a two-stage hepatectomy variant that increases resection rates and R0 resection rates in patients with primarily unresectable CRLM as evidenced in a recent randomized controlled trial. Long-term oncologic results, however, are lacking.

Methods:
Cases in- and outside the International ALPPS Registry were collected and completed by direct contacts to ALPPS centers to secure a comprehensive cohort. Overall, cancer-specific (CSS), and recurrence-free (RFS) survivals were analyzed along with independent risk factors using Cox-regression analysis.

Results:
The cohort included 510 patients from 22 ALPPS centers over a 10-year period. Ninety-day mortality was 4.9% and median overall survival, CSS, and RFS were 39, 42, and 15 months, respectively. The median follow-up time was 38 months (95% confidence interval 32–43 months). Multivariate analysis identified tumor-characteristics (primary T4, right colon), biological features (K/N-RAS status), and response to chemotherapy (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) as independent predictors of CSS. Traditional factors such as size of metastases, uni versus bilobar involvement, and liver-first approach were not predictive. When hepatic recurrences after ALPPS was amenable to surgical/ablative treatment, median CSS was significantly superior compared to chemotherapy alone (56 vs 30 months, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
This large cohort provides the first evidence that patients with primarily unresectable CRLM treated by ALPPS have not only low perioperative mortality, but achieve appealing long-term oncologic outcome especially those with favorable tumor biology and good response to chemotherapy.
Choices of Therapeutic Strategies for Colorectal Liver Metastases Among Expert Liver Surgeons
Authors: Ignatavicius Povilas , Oberkofler Christian E. , Chapman William C. , DeMatteo Ronald P. , Clary Bryan M. , D’Angelica Michael I. , Tanabe Kenneth K. , Hong Johnny C. , Aloia Thomas A. , Pawlik Timothy M. , Hernandez-Alejandro Roberto , Shah Shimul A. , Vauthey Jean-Nicolas , Torzilli Guido , Lang Hauke , Line Pål-Dag , Soubrane Olivier , Pinto-Marques Hugo , Robles-Campos Ricardo , Boudjema Karim , Lodge Peter , Adam René , Toso Christian , Serrablo Alejandro , Aldrighetti Luca , DeOliveira Michelle L. , Dutkowski Philipp , Petrowsky Henrik , Linecker Michael , Reiner Cäcilia S. , Braun Julia , Alikhanov Ruslan , Barauskas Giedrius , Chan Albert C. Y. , Dong Jiahong , Kokudo Norihiro , Yamamoto Masakazu , Kang Koo Jeong , Fong Yuman , Rela Mohamed , De Aretxabala Xabier , De Santibañes Eduardo , Mercado Miguel Ángel , Andriani Oscar C. , Torres Orlando Jorge M. , Pinna Antonio D. , Clavien Pierre-Alain 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To test the degree of agreement in selecting therapeutic options for patients suffering from colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) among surgical experts around the globe.

Summary/Background:
Only few areas in medicine have seen so many novel therapeutic options over the past decades as for liver tumors. Significant variations may therefore exist regarding the choices of treatment, even among experts, which may confuse both the medical community and patients.

Methods:
Ten cases of CRLM with different levels of complexity were presented to 43 expert liver surgeons from 23 countries and 4 continents. Experts were defined as experienced surgeons with academic contributions to the field of liver tumors. Experts provided information on their medical education and current practice in liver surgery and transplantation. Using an online platform, they chose their strategy in treating each case from defined multiple choices with added comments. Inter-rater agreement among experts and cases was calculated using free-marginal multirater kappa methodology. A similar, but adjusted survey was presented to 60 general surgeons from Asia, Europe, and North America to test their attitude in treating or referring complex patients to expert centers.

Results:
Thirty-eight (88%) experts completed the evaluation. Most of them are in leading positions (92%) with a median clinical experience of 25 years. Agreement on therapeutic strategies among them was none to minimal in more than half of the cases with kappa varying from 0.00 to 0.39. Many general surgeons may not refer the complex cases to expert centers, including in Europe, where they also engage in complex liver surgeries.

Conclusions:
Considerable inconsistencies of decision-making exist among expert surgeons when choosing a therapeutic strategy for CRLM. This might confuse both patients and referring physicians and indicate that an international high-level consensus statements and widely accepted guidelines are needed.
Spinal cord injury can be relieved by the polysaccharides of Tricholoma matsutake by promoting axon regeneration and reducing neuroinflammation
Authors: Liu Jun , Yang Feng , Cheng Maofeng , Zhang Yan 
Published: August 2020

Background
With an increase in the number of spinal cord injuries (SCIs) in China, severe dysfunction of the limb below the injured segment is prominent. Among the studies centered on the factors inducing SCIs, inflammatory response has a dramatic input on the pathogenesis of SCIs.

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Tricholoma matsutake polysaccharides (TMP) on function recovery following SCIs.

Methods
The cell viability, neurite growth, NF-kappa B, TNFα and IL-6 production from hydrogen peroxide-treated PC12 cells were analyzed. In-vivo, a total of 36 male C57 mice were divided into sham group, SCI group and TMP group (100 mg/kg). The protective effects of TMP were evaluated by Basso mouse scale (BMS) scores, HE staining, immunofluorescence and Western blotting.

Results
TMP promoted neurite growth and inhibited TNFα, IL-6 and NF-kappa B signaling in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. Moreover, compared with the SCI group, the BMS scores and nerve regeneration showed a significant increase, while NF-kappa B signaling, TNFα and IL-6 production significantly decreased after TMP treatment.

Conclusion
TMP has a protective effect against SCIs in vitro and in vivo, which may be a potential strategy for future application in clinical practice.