bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinic-pathological characteristics of MMR protein, KRAS-NRAS-BRAF gene mutation, HER-2 and PD-L1 status in 3822 Chinese colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Zhang Li , Chen Nan , Li Zhongwu , Wu Aiwen , Chen Jie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
ObjectivesColorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers. It is a heterogeneous tumor. The aim of this study was to investigate MMR protein expression, KRAS-NRAS-BRAF gene mutation, HER-2 and PD-L1 status in large Chinese CRC patients. MethodsWe reviewed all CRC patients who underwent surgery in Peking University Cancer Hospital between 2010 and 2018 from a prospective collected medical database. We analyzed the clinic-pathological factors associated with immunohistochemistry profiles. We analyzed KRAS-NRAS-BRAF gene changes through ARMS-PCR. ResultsIn our study, d-MMR frequency of CRC was 8%. d-MMR was more common in poorly differentiated colorectal cancer (p = 0.000), and d-MMR was more likely to occur in stage T3 + T4( p = 0.026), and p-MMR was more likely to have lymph node metastasis(p = 0.000). d-MMR was more likely to occur in the right colon, and p-MMR patients usually occur in the rectum sigmoid colon(p = 0.000). p-MMR patients were more likely to have distant metastasis (p = 0.000). We analyzed all 3822 patients with-BRAF status available by IHC, the frequency of BRAF positive expression ration was 1.4%. A total of 1068 colorectal cancer patients had gene analysis by ARMS-PCR. 484 of them had KRAS gene mutation, 28 NRAS gene mutation, 20 BRAF mutation and 536 patients had no mutation. The percentage was 45%, 2.6%, 2%, and 50%, respectively. d-MMR patients usually had BRAF gene mutation (p < 0.001). KRAS and NRAS gene mutations were not associated with MMR status (p = 0.846, p = 0.438). PD-L1 expression was higher in the female group (p = 0.034), poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma group(p = 0.026), and d-MMR group (p = 0.005). The ratio of HER-2 3 + was 1.9%, and HER-2 3 + was usually found in p-MMR group(p = 0.043). ConclusionOur data can improve deeper understanding of colorectal cancer carcinogenic factors and future therapies for colorectal cancer.
Prognostic Impact of APOBEC3B Expression for Tumor-infiltrating Cytotoxic T cells in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Hyunho , Kim Okran , Lee Myung Ah , Lee Ji Youl , Hong Sung-Hoo , Ha U-Syn , Yim Kwangil , Kim In-Ho 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The APOBEC3B enzymes are endogenous carcinogenic mutagens. Metastatic urothelial carcinomas often harbor APOBEC3B-mediated mutations in which tCw to T or G substitution occurs. A high mutation burden in urothelial carcinoma can increase T-cell immunity against cancer cells, affecting prognosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate patient survival and CD8+ T-cell density according to APOBEC3B expression in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma who underwent cytotoxic chemotherapy.Methods: We performed a retrospective study in 94 patients with urothelial carcinoma who were treated with the first line palliative chemotherapy. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to evaluate APOBEC3B expression and CD8+/CD3 ratio of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Survival curves according to APOBEC3B expression were generated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. The correlation between APOBEC3B expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was analyzed using Pearson’s chi-squared test. Results: A high APOBEC3B expression was detected in 71 of the 94 patients (75.5%). The median overall survival of patients with high APOBEC3B expression (15 months) was longer than that of patients with low APOBEC3B expression (p = 0.045 by log-rank test). The hazard ratio based on the Cox regression analysis was 0.252 (95% confidence interval 0.082–0.781, p = 0.017). APOBEC3B expression was associated with the CD8+/CD3+ ratio of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (odds ratio 2.914, 95% confidence interval 1.030–8.249, p = 0.039).Conclusions: APOBEC3B expression was an independent prognostic factor in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cells correlated with APOBEC3B expression.
Prognostic Nomogram for Penile Cancer, an Analysis Based on SEER Database
Authors: Chen Yong-Bo , Gao Liang , Tang Liang-You , Guo Jiang , Tian Yu-Chang , You Ping-Hong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: We aimed to establish a prognostic nomogram for Penile Cancer (PC) patients based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database.Methods: Data of 1694 patients between 2010 and 2015 were downloaded and extracted from the SEER database. Then, they were randomly divided into the development group (70%) and the verification group (30%). Following, the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was respectively used to explore the possible risk factors of PC. Factors which significantly related to the overall survival (OS) were used to establish the nomogram. Further, the concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and calibration curve were used to assess the nomogram, respectively. An internal validation was carried out to test the accuracy and effectiveness of nomogram. Finally, the Kaplan-Meier calculation was used to predict the further survival status of these patients.Results: Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression demonstrated that the independent prognostic risk factors associated with PC were age, stage T, N and M, and grade, with a moderate c-index of 0.732 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.706-0.757] in development group and 0.743 (95% CI, 0.703-0.782) in verification group. Meanwhile, the areas under the ROC (AUC) of 3-year and 5-year survival were 0.739 and 0.727, respectively. The survival calibration curves of 3-year and 5-year brought out a high consistency. Conclusion: Our study obtained a satisfactory nomogram to reveal the survival of PC patients, which could be helpful for clinicians to assess the situation of PC patients and to implement the further treatment.
Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Breast: A Population-Based Study Using the SEER Database
Authors: Gu Zhangyuan , Liu Juan , Lin Xiaoyan , Wang Cheng , Li Jiejing , Fu Yun , Cheng Xiaolin , Xu Cheng , Zhuang Zhigang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The present study is aimed at summarizing the clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis, and management of breast adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC). Methods: A population-based study was performed using retrospectively extracted data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database for breast cancer patients with histological diagnoses of ASC, infiltrating duct carcinoma (IDC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from 2004 to 2016. End-points were overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM). Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was employed to minimize selection bias of baseline characteristics. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used for identifying valuable prognostic factors. Results: ASC presented similar tumor size but low histological grade and less lymph node metastasis compared to IDC. ASC expressed less positive rate of hormone receptors and barely HER2, which was similar with SCC (estrogen receptor (ER): ASC 27.74% and SCC 21.53%, progesterone receptor (PR): ASC 18.06% and SCC 12.85%, HER2: ASC 4.44% and SCC 7.53%). ASC patients underwent the same treatment as IDC (chemotherapy 36.99% vs. 41.86%, BCS 50.58% vs 52.83%, P >0.05), only with less radiotherapy (39.88% vs. 48.34%, P<0.05). Median follow-up data of 78 months showed that the prognosis of IDC patients was better than that of ASC patients (all P <0.05 for BCSM and OS). After adjustment for clinicopathological and therapeutic factors in Cox proportional hazards models, ASC was no longer an independent poor prognosis factor. In matched groups, no significant difference in BCSM nor OS was observed between ASC and IDC groups. In HR-negative patients, the prognosis of ASC was similar with that of IDC, and both were superior to SCC. In HR-positive patients, the five-year survival rate of ASC was only about 60%, which was far less than that in ASC of HR-negative, the poor prognosis of ASC was closer to that of SCC. Multivariate analysis showed that older age (age≥60) and advanced AJCC stage (III and IV) were independent factors of poor prognosis in ASC, breast-conserving surgery was also ideally suited for ASC. Conclusions: ASC has unique clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. To improve the clinical and biological understanding of ASC can make breast cancer patients get more individualized treatment.
Maximum chest CT score predicts progression to severe illness in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study from Wuhan, China
Authors: Xiao Jianwei , Li Xiang , Xie Yuanliang , Huang Zengfa , Ding Yi , Zhao Shengchao , Yang Pei , Du Dan , Liu Bin , Wang Xiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: We investigated the clinical course and imaging findings of hospitalized patients who were initially diagnosed with moderate COVID-19 symptoms to identify risk factors associated with progression to severe/critical symptoms.Methods: This study was a retrospective single-center study at The Central Hospital of Wuhan. 243 patients with confirmed COVID­19 pneumonia were enrolled in the analysis, of which 40 patients progressed from moderate to severe/critical symptoms during follow up. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between moderate and severe/critical symptom types. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify the risk factors associated with symptom progression.Results: Patients with severe/critical symptoms were older (p＜0.001) and more often male (p=0.046). We found that the combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and high maximum CT scores was associated with disease progression. Maximum CT scores (≥11) had the greatest predictive value for disease progression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was 0.861 (95% CI: 0.811-0.902).Conclusions: Maximum CT scores and COPD are associated with patient deterioration. Maximum CT scores (≥11) are associated with severe illness.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients in Tokyo: A Single-Center Observational Study
Authors: Banno Aya , Hifumi Toru , Okamoto Hiroshi , Masaki Minori , Seki Koichiro , Isokawa Shutaro , Otani Norio , Hayashi Kuniyoshi , Ishimatsu Shinichi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Japan has been successful in maintaining low mortality rates during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We sought to investigate the characteristics, inflammatory laboratory finding trends, and outcomes among critically ill Japanese patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with COVID-19. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed in a single institution in the center of Tokyo. Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU from March 19 to April 30, 2020 were included. Trends for significant inflammatory laboratory findings were analyzed. In-hospital death, days of mechanical ventilation or oxygen supplementation, days of ICU or hospital stay were followed until May 26, 2020. Results: Twenty-four patients were included. Median age was 57.5 years, and 79% were male. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was elevated to a median of 10.1 on admission and peaked on Day 10 of illness. Seventeen patients were intubated on Day 11 of illness and received mechanical ventilation. One patient underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The majority (88%) received systemic steroids, including 16 patients who received high dose methylprednisolone (500-1000 mg). Favipiravir was used in 38% of patients. Two patients, including 1 who refused intensive care, died. Eighteen patients were discharged. Median length of ICU and hospital stay for all patients was 6 and 22 days, respectively. Median length of ventilator dependency was 7 days. Four patients underwent a tracheostomy and received prolonged ventilation for more than 21 days. One patient receiving mechanical ventilation died. All survivors discontinued ventilator use. Mortality was remarkably low and prolonged ventilation was inevitable yet discontinued.Conclusions: Mortality was remarkably low in our single institutional study. Prolonged ventilation was inevitable yet discontinued. Trends of systemic inflammatory laboratory markers reflected the clinical course of COVID-19.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Coal Prices Under the New Normal of China's Economy
Authors: LI Yang , CHENG Haozhou , REN Yuqi , YANG Kunpeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: After China's economy entered a new normal, the economic growth slowed down, energy market demand shrank, and the coal industry suffered from serious overcapacity. In this context, the Chinese government carried out supply-side structural reform and implemented a series of policies to cut overcapacity and destocking.Methods: By using time series data, this paper establishes vector error correction model, combined with Granger causality test and variance decomposition, to study the factors influencing coal prices under the new normal of economy. Results: The empirical results show that under the new normal of the economy, coal social inventory, oil production and natural gas production have a greater impact on the coal price, while coal consumption and raw coal production have a smaller impact on the coal price. According to the analysis, at the present stage, fossil energy, especially coal, occupies too high proportion in China's energy structure, which can no longer meet the requirements of energy use under the new normal of economy. Conclusion: According to the empirical results and analysis, the Chinese energy structure must be adjusted. In the short term, supply-side structural reform policies must be deepened to change the status quo of China's coal industry as soon as possible. In the long run, non-fossil energy technologies should be vigorously developed to provide stable and cheap non-fossil energy, thus reducing the use of fossil energy and increasing the use of non-fossil energy.
The Prognostic Roles and Clinical Features of CD44v9 in Human Solid Cancers—A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Deng Yuanxiu , Wang Jie , Ji Shenhui , Huang Lu , Feng Meijiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: CD44 is the primary receptor for hyaluronic acid and serves as a marker for cancer stem cells. CD44v9 is one of CD44’s variants and takes part in cancer’s growth and metastasis. However, the prognostic roles and clinical features of CD44v9 in cancers remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to summarize the prognostic significance and clinical features of CD44v9 in human solid cancers.Methods: we systematically searched all of related studies in PubMed, the Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane library up to June 2020. We analyzed the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the prognostic functions and clinical features of CD44v9 in various human solid cancers.Results: In this meta-analysis, we included 1705 cancer patients among 12 studies. Results indicated that high expression of CD44v9 was significantly related to poorer overall survival (OS) (HR=1.60, 95%CI 1.28-1.99, P<0.0001), recurrence-free survival/progression-free survival/disease-free survival (RFS/PFS/DFS).( HR=1.81, 95%CI 1.16-2.84, P=0.009) and disease-specific survival/cancer-specific survival (DSS/CSS) (HR=2.93, 95%CI 1.69-5.10, P<0.001). At the same time, we also found that high expression of CD44v9 increased the possibility of lymphoid infiltrates (OR=1.59, 95%CI 1.16-2.20, P=0.005), vascular invasion (OR=1.57, 95%CI 1.11-2.22, P=0.010) and higher TNM stage (OR=1.63, 95%CI 1.19-2.23, P=0.002).Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that CD44v9 overexpression is associated with worse OS, RFS/PFS/CFS and DSS/CSS in patients with solid cancers, which might be a biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers in the future.
Dimensions of Sexual Violence in Perimenopausal Women: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Hajifoghaha Mahboubeh , Mokhlesi Seyede-Samira , Alizadeh Shiva , Dabiri Fatemeh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: Violence against women is a crisis in public health and breaking human rights. Sexual violence has more adverse outcomes for middle-aged women, their families and society. The present study will be conducted to review the dimensions of sexual violence in perimenopausal women. In this study, published articles from 2010 to 2020 will be reviewed. Methods: This protocol is written based on the PRISMA-P checklist. For this purpose, the articles that have the inclusion criteria will be selected by searching in databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, SID and, Magiran using appropriate keywords. Articles of systematic review, letters to the editor, abstracts, and clinical trials will be excluded. A STROBE checklist will be used to assess the quality of articles. Discussion: This systematic review will be addressed sexual violence in perimenopausal women as well as demographic factors affecting the existence of sexual violence. The results can be a guide for health planners to reduce this social problem and solve the worries of this group of society by providing the counseling programs. Registration: This protocol is registered in PROSPERO with number CRD42020191679.
Correlations of Scapular Dimensions: A Tool to Identify Scapulae with Completely Ossified Superior Transverse Scapular Ligaments and Suprascapular Neuropathy
Authors: Adewale Adesanya Olamide , Segun Okeniran Olatayo , Usman Ibe Michael , Monima Ann Lemuel , Kegoye Eric Simidi , Kasozi Keneth Iceland , Nalugo Halima , Ssempijja Fred 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background. A better understanding of the anatomy of the suprascapular notch and relationship with scapular dimensions are vital in the diagnosis, prevention, and assessment of the suprascapular nerve (SN) entrapment syndrome. Our purposes were to classify the suprascapular notches, determine the prevalence of completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament, scapular dimensions, and their relationship among the different types of the suprascapular notch (SSN). Methods: An experimental study in which the SSN types and scapular dimensions were determined using previous methods. Statistical analyses were done using GraphPad Prism v.6 and MS Excel Version 2019, one-way ANOVA was used to compare and Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation of scapular dimensions. Results: The superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) was completely ossified in 8% of cases. There were no significant differences between the scapular dimensions for the different SSN types. For type VI SSN there is a strong negative correlation between A, B against D. There are strong (positive or negative) correlations between types I and III from type VI for A-axis; types I, III from VI for B; type IV and VI for C axis; and type III and VI for D axis.Conclusions: The prevalence of the completely ossified STSL in our study was moderately high; the correlation studies suggest that the scapular dimensions could be a valuable tool in the prediction, diagnosis, prevention, and assessment of the SN neuropathy due to the scapulae with the completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligaments (type VI SSN). Further studies on correlation analyses of scapular dimensions and characteristics of suprascapular notches are vital.
Changes in resting-state Functional Connectivity of Cerebellum in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: a case-control study
Authors: Zhou Zhi , Zhu Rui , Shao Wen , Zhang Shujuan , Wang Lei , Ding Xuejiao , Peng Dantao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background This case-control study is aimed to investigate the correlation of altered functional connectivity (FC) in cerebellum with cognitive impairment in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Methods The morphometric and resting-state FC MRI analysis including 47 participants with AD, 32 with aMCI and 43 age-matched normal controls (NCs) were conducted. We compared the cerebellar gray matter volume and cerebellar FC with cerebral cortical regions among three groups. To investigate the relationship of cerebellar FC with cognition, we measure the correlation of significant altered FC and individual cognitive domain.Results No significant morphometric differences of cerebellum was observed across three groups. The patients with AD had weaker cerebral cortical FCs in bilateral Crus I, left VIIb and IX compared to NCs, and in bilateral Crus I compared to patients with aMCI. For patients with aMCI, the weaker FC were found between right Crus I, left VIIb and IX and cerebral cortical regions compared to NCs. The strength of left cerebellar FC positively correlated with specific cognitive subdomains, including executive function, attention, visuospatial function, and global cognition in AD and aMCI.Conclusions These findings demonstrated the alteration of cerebellar FC with cerebral cortical regions, and the correlation of cerebellar FC and cognitive impairment in AD and aMCI.
Bile acid, glucose, lipid profile, and liver enzyme changes in pre-diabetics after sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Mak Tsz Kin , Huang Shifang , Guan Bingsheng , Au Hoyin , Chong Tsz Hong , Peng Juzheng , Chen Fazhi , Liang Chuqiao , Lai Wanjing , Ho LongLam , Wang Cunchuan , yang jingge 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundFew articles have studied pre-diabetes after sleeve gastrectomy. Bile acid, and lipid metabolism remains inconsistent in post-bariatric patients. ObjectiveTo explore bile acid and glucose, lipid, and liver enzyme changes in different diabetic status underwent sleeve gastrectomy. To discuss the impact of bariatric surgery and its potential benefits to pre-diabeticsMethods202 overweight and obese patients underwent bariatric surgery between January 2016 and October 2018 in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into Pre-diabetes (n=32), Non-diabetes (n=144), and Diabetes (n=26) and analyzed respectively. Data of glucose and lipid metabolism were collected from medical records from baseline and each follow-up visit.ResultSignificant improvement in body weight, glucose and lipid metabolism, and liver enzyme at P≤0.05 in prediabetics were found throughout first year post-op. Improvement of glycemic control was first seen in a month post op, followed by persistent improvement in the next 12 months. Total bile acid (TBA) decreased, associated with ALT improvement, in pre-diabetes 1-year post-surgery. There was no significant differences in HbA1c, glucose, and triglycerides (TG) between Pre-diabetics and T2DM nor between prediabetics and non-diabetics at 12 months post-surgery.ConclusionLSG is highly effective in interfering glucose and lipid metabolism as well as total bile acid of prediabetics in the first year post op. Thus, LSG is indeed an alternative for overweight and obese prediabetics