bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-estimation of geomagnetic field and in-orbit fluxgate magnetometer calibration parameters
Authors: Alken Patrick , Olsen Nils , Finlay Christopher C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor the past 20 years, state of the art geomagnetic core field models have relied heavily on magnetic measurements made from space-based instrumentation. These models have revealed rapid global magnetic field variations on sub-decadal timescales originating in Earth’s core. With the end of the CHAMP mission in 2010 and the launch of Swarm in late 2013, there has been a 3-year gap in high-quality satellite measurements of the geomagnetic field. Geomagnetic field models have therefore relied on ground observatory data to fill in this gap period. However, ground observatories are unable to provide a truly global picture of the core field and its temporal changes. Many satellites in operation carry vector fluxgate “platform” magnetometers for attitude control, which can offer an alternative to relying on ground observatory measurements during the gap period. However, these instruments need to be carefully calibrated in order to provide meaningful information on Earth’s core field. Some previous studies attempted to calibrate such instruments with a priori geomagnetic field models. This approach has several disadvantages: (1) errors in the model will introduce errors in the calibration parameters, and (2) relying on an a priori model may not be feasible in the post-Swarm era. In this paper, we develop a novel approach to build a time-dependent geomagnetic field model from platform magnetometer data, by co-estimating their calibration parameters with the internal field parameters. This method does not require an a priori geomagnetic field model, but does require a dataset of previously calibrated data. We use CHAMP, Swarm, and ground observatory measurements to supply this dataset, and incorporate platform magnetic measurements from DMSP and Cryosat-2 during the gap years. We find that the calibration parameters of DMSP and Cryosat-2 can be reliably estimated, and these missions provide meaningful information on rapid core field variations during the gap period.
Simulated east–west differences in F-region peak electron density at Far East mid-latitude region
Authors: Ren Zhipeng , Zhao Biqiang , Wan Weixing , Liu Libo , Li Xing , Yu Tingting 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUsing TIME3D-IGGCAS model, we simulated the east–west differences in F-region peak electron density (NmF2) in the Far East mid-latitude region near the longitudinal sectors with very clear zonal variations of geomagnetic declination, and mainly analyzed the influence of the geomagnetic field configuration on the east–west differences. We found that, after removing the longitudinal variations of neutral parameters, TIME3D-IGGCAS can better represent the observed relative east–west difference (Rew) features. Rew is mainly negative (West NmF2 > East NmF2) at noon and positive (East NmF2 > West NmF2) at evening–night. The magnitude of daytime negative Rew is weaker in winter and stronger in summer, and the daytime Rew shows two negative peaks around two equinoxes. With the increasing solar flux level, the magnitude of Rew mainly becomes larger, and the two daytime negative peaks slightly shift to June Solstice. With the decreasing geographical latitude, Rew mainly becomes positive, and the two daytime negative peaks slightly shift to June Solstice. Our simulation also suggested that the thermospheric zonal wind plays an important role in the formation of the ionospheric east–west differences in the Far East mid-latitude region. The observed solar activity dependency of the ionospheric EW differences may be driven primarily by corresponding zonal wind changes with solar activity, whereas the observed latitudinal dependency of the differences is associated with primarily zonal wind and secondarily meridional wind latitudinal variations.
Corporate social responsibility and accountability: a new theoretical foundation for regulating CSR
Authors: Tamvada Mallika 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe absence of consensus on what should constitute Corporate Social Responsibility has inhibited consistent CSR legislation around the world. This paper poses a fundamental question on what should constitute CSR and what should be the nature of CSR regulation? By constructing the boundaries of CSR, the paper offers scope for consistently developing CSR regulation around the world. It construes CSR as consisting ofbusiness relationandimpact relation,and demonstrates that these are intertwined with legal responsibilities of business and, consequentially, with accountability. It accomplishes this by establishing the obligatory nature of responsibilities using the lens of ethical and legal jurisprudence. This new approach towards CSR recasts it as an obligatory responsibility that is linked to accountability. Furthermore, the framework provides a foundation for consistent development of CSR regulation across different countries that can lead to effective discharge of corporates’ social responsibilities.
Vascular endothelial growth factor +405G/C polymorphism as a predictor of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Amer Azza K. , Khalaf Nervana A. , Aboelmakarem Safia H. , Elsobky Mehry S. , Abdelrasoul Mona R. , Abdelazeem Amira A. , Noweir Shahira R. , Refaat Safa , Moemen Leqaa A. , Mohammed Soheir A. , Abdelhameed Mona A. , Kenawy Mohmoud M. , Abuelela Manal H. , Fouly Marwa A. , Hassanin Olfat A. , Saadeldin Karawya Sherif M. , Osman Zeinab M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic retinopathy is a multistage event, and the most important of it is angiogenesis. The possible association between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) +405G/C gene polymorphism and various diseases, in which angiogenesis might be critical in disease development, encourages many investigators to study its role in diabetic retinopathy (DR) development in diabetics. The aim of this work is to investigate +405G/C polymorphism of VEGF gene in Egyptian patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to assess its possible role as a predictor for the development and progress of diabetic retinopathy. A cross-sectional, observational study was undertaken in a sample of type I diabetic patients who attend diabetes polyclinic of RIO Hospital, Giza, Egypt, between October 2012 and December 2016 and who were willing to participate. Two hundred and sixty-six type 1 diabetic patients were studied (108 males and 158 females). All subjects were analyzed for VEGF +405G/C polymorphism by real-time PCR using TaqMan pre-designed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay.ResultsThere were increased serum levels of VEGF in T1DM suffering from DR compared to those without. Also, there was increased +405 C/C of VEGF polymorphism and C allele frequency related to the severity of DR (non-proliferative retinopathy (NPR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and macular edema (ME)) and type C phenotype (ischemic) in T1DM suffering from DR.ConclusionSerum levels of VEGF and its +405G/C polymorphism could be used in the evaluation, development, and progression of DR.
Precipitation pattern changes and response of vegetation to drought variability in the eastern Hungary
Authors: Mohammed Safwan , Alsafadi Karam , Daher Hasan , Gombos Béla , Mahmood Suliman , Harsányi Endre 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Recently, many parts of Hungary, as well as central Europe, have been hit by successive extreme climatic events. The main aim of this research was to analyze hydrological and agricultural drought episodes in the Debrecen Region in eastern Hungary from 1950 to 2010. Thus, data of monthly precipitation were collected and tested. After that, three indices were applied, the Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI), dry Precipitation Concentration Index (dPCI), and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Meanwhile, the correlation between SPI and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated.

Results
The results showed that the PCI values ranged between 9.44 and 15.8 with an average of 11.8, while the dPCI values ranged between 8.6 and 20.7 with an average of 10.9, which indicates heterogeneity in rainfall distribution from year to year. More than 103 events of severe agricultural drought were detected for the whole studied period. In connection to this, severe hydrological drought was recorded in 16% of the total monthly rainfall events from 1950 to 2010. Interestingly, a significant correlation was obtained between SPI-3, -6 (i.e., drought), and NDVI in the summer season.

Conclusions
The SPI index could provide an easy tool for drought monitoring meanwhile drought evaluation and monitoring should be taken seriously in the central Europe.
Beyond Cajamarca: A Spatial Narrative Reimagining of the Encounter in Peru, 1532–1533
Authors: Mikecz Jeremy M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Spanish conquistadores' capture of the Inka emperor, Atawallpa, and massacre of many of his people in Cajamarca on November 16, 1532, was a tremendously consequential event. How does our view of such an event change, however, when viewed at a distance and from different places? Relying on Indigenous testimony, this article threads together the stories and actions of provincial folk, Andean lords, female intermediaries, fugitive Inka royalty, runner-messengers, porters, and slaves maneuvering beyond Cajamarca during this chaotic and confusing time. Reconstructing and mapping their activity demonstrates how Andean diplomacy, mobility, politics, and history made the conquistadores' survival in Cajamarca—and subsequent advance to Cuzco—possible. It also presents glimpses into how and why Andeans made the decisions they did and serves as a useful reminder that, to these actors in 1532 and 1533, nothing was inevitable.
CSAG1 maintains the integrity of the mitotic centrosome in cells with defective p53
Authors: Sapkota Hem , Wren Jonathan D. , Gorbsky Gary J. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Centrosomes focus microtubules to promote mitotic spindle bipolarity, a critical requirement for balanced chromosome segregation. Comprehensive understanding of centrosome function and regulation requires a complete inventory of components. While many centrosome components have been identified, others yet remain undiscovered. We have used a bioinformatics approach, based on ‘guilt by association’ expression to identify novel mitotic components among the large group of predicted human proteins that have yet to be functionally characterized. Here, we identify chondrosarcoma-associated gene 1 protein (CSAG1) in maintaining centrosome integrity during mitosis. Depletion of CSAG1 disrupts centrosomes and leads to multipolar spindles, particularly in cells with compromised p53 function. Thus, CSAG1 may reflect a class of ‘mitotic addiction’ genes, whose expression is more essential in transformed cells.
LDL uptake-dependent phosphatidylethanolamine translocation to the cell surface promotes fusion of osteoclast-like cells
Authors: Kitano Victor J. F. , Ohyama Yoko , Hayashida Chiyomi , Ito Junta , Okayasu Mari , Sato Takuya , Ogasawara Toru , Tsujita Maki , Kakino Akemi , Shimada Jun , Sawamura Tatsuya , Hakeda Yoshiyuki 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Osteoporosis is associated with vessel diseases attributed to hyperlipidemia, and bone resorption by multinucleated osteoclasts is related to lipid metabolism. In this study, we generated low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)/lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1, also known as Olr1) double knockout (dKO) mice. We found that, like LDLR single KO (sKO), LDLR/LOX-1 dKO impaired cell–cell fusion of osteoclast-like cells (OCLs). LDLR/LOX-1 dKO and LDLR sKO preosteoclasts exhibited decreased uptake of LDL. The cell surface cholesterol levels of both LDLR/LOX-1 dKO and LDLR sKO osteoclasts were lower than the levels of wild-type OCLs. Additionally, the amount of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on the cell surface was attenuated in LDLR/LOX-1 dKO and LDLR sKO preosteoclasts, whereas the PE distribution in wild-type OCLs was concentrated on the filopodia in contact with neighboring cells. Abrogation of the ATP binding cassette G1 (ABCG1) transporter, which transfers PE to the cell surface, caused decreased PE translocation to the cell surface and subsequent cell–cell fusion. The findings of this study indicate the involvement of a novel cascade (LDLR∼ABCG1∼PE translocation to cell surface∼cell–cell fusion) in multinucleation of OCLs.
Mid-position treatment strategy for locally advanced lung cancer: a dosimetric study
Authors: Ayadi M. , Baudier T. , Bouilhol G. , Dupuis P. , Boissard P. , Pinho R. , Krason A. , Rit S. , Claude L. , Sarrut D. 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
The internal target volume (ITV) strategy generates larger planning target volumes (PTVs) in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) than the Mid-position (Mid-p) strategy. We investigated the benefit of the Mid-p strategy regarding PTV reduction and dose to the organs at risk (OARs).

Methods:
44 patients with LA-NSCLC were included in a randomized clinical study to compare ITV and Mid-p strategies. GTV were delineated by a physician on maximum intensity projection images and on Mid-p images from four-dimensional CTs. CTVs were obtained by adding 6 mm uniform margin for microscopic extension. CTV to PTV margins were calculated using the van Herk's recipe for setup and delineation errors. For the Mid-p strategy, the mean target motion amplitude was added as a random error. For both strategies, three-dimensional conformal plans delivering 60–66 Gy to PTV were performed. PTVs, dose–volume parameters for OARs (lung, esophagus, heart, spinal cord) were reported and compared.

Results:
With the Mid-p strategy, the median of volume reduction was 23.5 cm3 (p = 0.012) and 8.8 cm3 (p = 0.0083) for PTVT and PTVN respectively; the median mean lung dose reduction was 0.51 Gy (p = 0.0057). For 37.1% of the patients, delineation errors led to smaller PTV with the ITV strategy than with the Mid-p strategy.

Conclusion:
PTV and mean lung dose were significantly reduced using the Mid-p strategy. Delineation uncertainty can unfavorably impact the advantage.

Advances in knowledge:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dosimetric comparison study between ITV and Mid-p strategies for LA-NSCLC.
Determinants affecting the prognosis of decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury
Authors: Jiang Haitao , Hao Guangshan , Zhang Rui , Pang Qi 
Published: April 2020

Objective: This research was designed to investigate the prognostic determinants of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) undergoing decompressive craniectomy (DC).
Methods: The present study was a retrospective single center research including a total of 112 patients undergoing DC for TBI in Liaocheng People’s Hospital between January 2017 and December 2018. The results were measured by Extended Glasgow Outcome Sale (GOSE). The prognostic determinants were identified by univariate and binary logistic regression analysis between the deaths and survivors or favorable and unfavorable outcomes.
Results: At the six-month follow-up, the mortality was 45.5% including 37 (33.0%) patients died within 30 days. The independent prognostic factors of 30-day mortality were age (p=0.033), D-dimer level at admission (p=0.032) and postoperative hypernatremia (p=0.014). Seventy five patients survived more than 30 days after DC, among which 27 (36.0%) patients had unfavorable prognosis (GOSE 1-4) and 48 (64.0%) patients presented favorable prognosis (GOSE 5-8). After 30 days from DC, the occurrence of post-traumatic hydrocephalus(PTH) (p= 0.008) was associated with unfavorable prognosis.
Conclusions: Although DC is an effective treatment for TBI patients, the mortality and morbidity risk remain high. A combination of age, D-dimer level at admission and postoperative hypernatremia may be a good prognostic factor for 30-day mortality. Developing an accurate therapy strategy to prevent and control PTH may be beneficial to the 6-month prognosis for TBI patients undergoing DC.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.2045
How to cite this:Jiang H, Hao G, Zhang R, Pang Q. Determinants affecting the prognosis of decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):770-775. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.2045
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
How to get most out of a Medical Conference, and Love it too!
Authors: Safdar Chaudhry Aqeel 
Published: April 2020

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.2628
How to cite this:Safdar CA. How to get most out of a Medical Conference, and Love it too!. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):589-592. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.2628
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Diamond Raman oscillator operating at 1178  nm
Authors: Heinzig Matthias , Palma-Vega Gonzalo , Walbaum Till , Schreiber Thomas , Eberhardt Ramona , Tünnermann Andreas 
Published: April 2020

In this contribution, we report high-power Raman frequency downconversion based on an Yb-doped fiber amplifier and a linear external diamond Raman cavity. A maximum output power of 136 W with nearly diffraction-limited beam quality was achieved by pumping in quasi-continuous-wave mode with 10% duty cycle and 10 ms on-time duration. For continuous-wave operation, we achieved record average power of 46 W centered at 1178 nm. The emergence of stimulated Brillouin scattering in diamond is further investigated. This technology shows the potential to extend the spectral range of fiber lasers to reach uncommon wavelengths at high power levels.
Planar double-slot antenna integrated into a Nb5N6 microbolometer THz detector
Authors: Xiao Peng , Tu Xuecou , Jiang Chengtao , Li Zhenjie , Zhou Shuyu , Pan Danfeng , Zhao Qingyuan , Jia Xiaoqing , Zhang Labao , Kang Lin , Chen Jian , Wu Peiheng 
Published: April 2020

In this Letter, we propose and demonstrate a new type of planar double-slot antenna for a

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b

5

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6

microbolometer terahertz (THz) detector. The calculated results show that the planar antenna possessed high coupling efficiency, and the THz signals were obviously focused on the antenna center place. The new planar antenna was integrated with

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microbolometer THz detectors using micro-fabrication technology. The measured results showed that the maximum optical voltage responsivity (

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) of the detectors reached up to 113 V/W at 0.643 THz, and the corresponding noise equivalent power was

44

pW

/

√

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z

. In addition, the performance of double-slot antennas applied into array detectors in a tunable Fabry–Perot cavity was investigated. The measured results of the

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THz detector remained almost unchanged when the distance between the chip substrate and the copper plate was altered. This indicated that this planar double-slot antenna, which possessed the advantages of high coupling efficiency and easy integration, has great application prospects in a THz detector.
Mid-infrared wavelength conversion using dispersion-engineered As2S5 microstructured optical fiber pumped with an ultrafast laser at 2  µm
Authors: Singh Saini Than , Hoang Tuan Tong , Matsumoto Morio , Sakai Goichi , Suzuki Takenobu , Ohishi Yasutake 
Published: April 2020

We fabricate a dispersion-engineered

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s

2

S

5

microstructured optical fiber for demonstration of frequency conversion in one of the atmospheric-transparent windows in the mid-infrared domain. The experimentally obtained results show that parametric wavelength conversion at 4.5 µm is obtained using fabricated microstructured optical fiber pumped with 200 fs laser pulses of average power of 20 mW at 2 µm. Obtained detuning frequency from the pump frequency was

∼

84

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H
z

. To the best of our knowledge, the mid-infrared wavelength conversion at 4.5 µm in fiber configuration has been demonstrated for the first time. The experimentally observed result matches well with numerically simulated phase-matching conditions.
Temperature-insensitive Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on a silicon nitride waveguide platform
Authors: Tang Liwei , Li Yu , Li Jiachen , Yang Sigang , Chen Hongwei , Chen Minghua 
Published: April 2020

Wavelength shift, caused by temperature fluctuation, critically limits the application of photonic systems. Here, the waveguide geometry is optimized to minimize the wavelength shift due to temperature change and fabrication error. A temperature-insensitive Mach–Zehnder interferometer filter is proposed for a wavelength locker, based on a silicon nitride waveguide. The proposed device achieves a 0.6 pm/K spectral shift over the C-band, which meets the requirements of a wavelength locker for application in dense wavelength division multiplex systems.
Potential application of template analysis in qualitative hospitality management research1
Authors: Tabari Saloomeh , King Nigel , Egan David 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article is primarily intended for researchers examining hospitality management who are unlikely to be familiar with template analysis (TA) as a form of thematic analysis. It demonstrates the use of TA in a specific setting and how TA contributed to developing a conceptual model and theory of cultural centrism in a hospitality setting. The article offers new perspectives even for those who have prior experience in thematic analysis.
GEOMETRIA, PERSPECTIVA E REPRESENTAÇÃO EM JOÃO DE RUÃO
Authors: Vaz Ana Margarida , Craveiro Maria 
Published: April 2020

A grande diferença entre os procedimentos medievais e modernos reside sobretudo na captação de um carácter científico que se avoluma a partir da construção e divulgação dos textos que fundam na Antiguidade o pilar do conhecimento e de uma atitude que passará a nortear a encomenda e a produção oficinal. Sobretudo a partir do século XV, a literatura que iria formatar a produção artística e tornar-se a ferramenta imprescindível para execução do trabalho funcionaria também como indicador de erudição e, consequentemente, como ingrediente vital para a conquista do estatuto social do artista, colado ao conhecimento. O domínio da matemática, da geometria, das regras da perspectiva e da proporção, aliadas à perícia no tratamento de anatomias e paisagens dentro da consciência iconográfica da representação religiosa, faria assim o êxito de uma produção oficinal com maior ou menor capacidade de implantação no mercado laico e eclesiástico.
É neste universo científico, extraído de referências múltiplas, que opera João de Ruão. As suas composições retabulares, invocando sempre a presença da arquitetura na formulação de uma atmosfera ideal, dirigem-se tanto à obediência da iconografia religiosa, como ao rigor da construção matemática e geométrica na ordenação compositiva, como ao equilíbrio de uma representação que tem por missão a sondagem ao papel do humano na sua relação com Deus. O retábulo da Misericórdia de Coimbra (MNMC) oferece exatamente essa dimensão relacional que, neste caso concreto e de forma inusitada, se transmuta, pervertendo a leitura e a compreensão do ciclo teológico aqui em causa.