bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soybean yield and crop stage response to planting date and cultivar maturity in Iowa, USA
Authors: Kessler A. , Archontoulis S.V. , Licht M.A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planting date and maturity group are important agronomic decisions. This study quantified how maturity group selection and later than optimal planting dates affected grain yield and crop development across Iowa, USA. Field experiments were conducted in seven locations between 2014 and 2016. Cultivar maturities ranged from 2.2 to 3.7 maturity group and planting dates targeted for 20‐d intervals from early May to early July. Soybean grain yield ranged from 0.27 to 7.54 Mg ha−1. Cultivar maturity had little to no effect on grain yield at four of seven sites while planting date was significant at all sites (p < .001) and the planting date and cultivar maturity interaction was not significant. As planting date was delayed, the VE‐R3 and R3‐R7 periods were each shortened by up to 15–20 d. The shorter growing period resulted in less radiation and growing degree day accumulation. An exponential‐plateau relationship between relative yield and GDD was evident for the VE‐R3 phase, with a plateau at 700°C‐d. A linear relationship between yield and GDD was evident from R3‐R7, suggesting greater yield with more accumulated GDD. The opposite relationships were found for photoperiod which had a linear relationship for the VE‐R3 and curvilinear for the R3‐R7 phases. These results showed that yield potential would be maximized by planting before 20 May. We concluded that planting earlier in the spring was a better management practice than maturity selection to maximize yield and the R3‐R7 period duration was critical in determining potential yield.
Amylose content and RVA profile characteristics of noodle rice under different conditions
Authors: Xuan Ying , Yi Yang , Liang He , Wei Shanqing , Chen Nianping , Jiang Ligeng , Ali Izhar , Ullah Saif , Wu Xiuchan , Cao Tianyi , Zhao Quan , Li Tianyuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFew studies have been conducted on changes in the amylose content and rapid visco‐analyzer (RVA) profile characteristics of noodle rice cultivars under different ecological conditions. This research was conducted in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate changes in amylose content and RVA profile characteristics of ten noodle rice cultivars at three test sites. The cultivars were planted in Nanning, Hengyang, and Nanchang in 2017. Four cultivars were planted at each site on seven sowing dates with an interval of 15 d in 2018. Grain amylose content and RVA profile characteristics were determined after the rice had been stored for three months. The results showed that there were significant differences between the cultivars in the amylose content and RVA profile characteristics. The RVA profile characteristics of the 10 rice cultivars did not exhibit a similar trend for the three test sites. The average coefficient of variation was 8.6% for the amylose content, greater than 25% for the breakdown (BD) and setback (SB); 10 to 20% for the consistency (CSV) and peak viscosity (PV); and less than 10% for the trough viscosity (TV), final viscosity (FV), peak time (PT), and pasting temperature (PaT). The correlation analysis showed that the amylose content was significantly correlated with the PT, TV, BD, PaT, SB, and FV. It was concluded that there were significant differences in the amylose content and RVA profile characteristics between the rice cultivars and significant genetic‐environment interaction effects. The amylose content of the special noodle rice cultivars was significantly correlated with the RVA profile characteristics.
Nitrogen increased aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis grown in semi‐arid grasslands of inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Bai Yuting , Yan Ruirui , Schellenberg Michael P. , Wang Hong , Han Guodong , Zhang Ruiyang , Zhang Jun , Wei Zhijun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is controversy over whether the addition of nitrogen (N) is the key to the rapid growth of Chinese rye grass Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. in natural, semiarid grasslands. We investigated yearly impact of various N additions (0, 91, 183, and 274 kg N ha−1) on the relationships between nutrient traits (plant carbon [C], N, and phosphorous [P]), morphological traits (plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, stem length and stem diameter) and aboveground biomass in L. chinensis. Results showed that most of the growth characteristics of L. chinensis increased with N rate except for leaf number and stem length. Nitrogen addition increased aboveground biomass, plant height, leaf length and stem length of L. chinensis, which was related to high precipitation during the critical period for the growth of L. chinensis. Nitrogen addition increased the N concentration and N to P ratio of L. chinensis tissue, but decreased the C to N ratio in the leaf and stem of L. chinensis. Compared to the control, N addition increased C and N concentrations and the N to P ratio, but decreased P concentration and the C to N ratio.
π‐Conjugated Triazenes and Nitriles: Simple Photoinduced Synthesis of Anilides Using Mild and Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Barragan Enrique , Noonikara‐Poyil Anurag , Bugarin Alejandro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA simple, clean, direct, photochemical, and metal‐free approach to produce structurally diverse anilides in good to excellent yields (up to 99%), by utilizing π‐conjugated triazene reactivity and simple nitriles is presented. Interestingly, natural sunlight is also shown to provide effective delivery of amides, with yields up to 99%.
Intravenous Immunomodulatory Nanoparticle Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Sharma Sripadh , Ifergan Igal , Kurz Jonathan E. , Linsenmeier Robert A. , Xu Dan , Cooper John G. , Miller Stephen D. , Kessler John A. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThere are currently no definitive disease‐modifying therapies for traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, we present a strong therapeutic candidate for TBI, immunomodulatory nanoparticles (IMPs), which ablate a specific subset of hematogenous monocytes (hMos). We hypothesized that prevention of infiltration of these cells into brain acutely after TBI would attenuate secondary damage and preserve anatomic and neurologic function.MethodsIMPs, composed of US Food and Drug Administration–approved 500nm carboxylated‐poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid, were infused intravenously into wild‐type C57BL/6 mice following 2 different models of experimental TBI, controlled cortical impact (CCI), and closed head injury (CHI).ResultsIMP administration resulted in remarkable preservation of both tissue and neurological function in both CCI and CHI TBI models in mice. After acute treatment, there was a reduction in the number of immune cells infiltrating into the brain, mitigation of the inflammatory status of the infiltrating cells, improved electrophysiologic visual function, improved long‐term motor behavior, reduced edema formation as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, and reduced lesion volumes on anatomic examination.InterpretationOur findings suggest that IMPs are a clinically translatable acute intervention for TBI with a well‐defined mechanism of action and beneficial anatomic and physiologic preservation and recovery. Ann Neurol 2020;87:442–455
Classification Accuracy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Dementias
Authors: Benussi Alberto , Grassi Mario , Palluzzi Fernando , Koch Giacomo , Di Lazzaro Vincenzo , Nardone Raffaele , Cantoni Valentina , Dell'Era Valentina , Premi Enrico , Martorana Alessandro , di Lorenzo Francesco , Bonnì Sonia , Ranieri Federico , Capone Fioravante , Musumeci Gabriella , Cotelli Maria Sofia , Padovani Alessandro , Borroni Barbara 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been suggested as a reliable, noninvasive, and inexpensive tool for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias. In this study, we assessed the classification performance of TMS parameters in the differential diagnosis of common neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).MethodsWe performed a multicenter study enrolling patients referred to 4 dementia centers in Italy, in accordance with the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy. All patients underwent TMS assessment at recruitment (index test), with application of reference clinical criteria, to predict different neurodegenerative disorders. The investigators who performed the index test were masked to the results of the reference test and all other investigations. We trained and tested a random forest classifier using 5‐fold cross‐validation. The primary outcome measures were the classification accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score of TMS in differentiating each neurodegenerative disorder.ResultsA total of 694 participants were included, namely 273 patients diagnosed as AD, 67 as DLB, and 207 as FTD, and 147 healthy controls (HC). A series of 3 binary classifiers was employed, and the prediction model exhibited high classification accuracy (ranging from 0.89 to 0.92), high precision (0.86–0.92), high recall (0.93–0.98), and high F1 scores (0.89–0.95) in differentiating each neurodegenerative disorder.InterpretationTMS is a noninvasive procedure that reliably and selectively distinguishes AD, DLB, FTD, and HC, representing a useful additional screening tool to be used in clinical practice. Ann Neurol 2020;87:394–404
Formation of an Alkynyl‐Protected Ag112 Silver Nanocluster as Promoted by Chloride Released In Situ from CH2Cl2
Authors: Hu Feng , Li Jiao‐Jiao , Guan Zong‐Jie , Yuan Shang‐Fu , Wang Quan‐Ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBy directly reducing alkynyl–silver precursors, we successfully obtained a large alkynyl‐protected silver nanocluster, (C7H17ClN)3[Ag112Cl6(C≡CAr)51], which is hitherto the largest structurally characterized silver nanocluster in the alkynyl family. The cluster exhibits four concentric core–shell structures (Ag13@Ag42@Ag48@Ag9), and four types of alkynyl–silver binding modes are observed. Chloride was found to be critical for the stabilization and formation of the silver nanocluster. The release of chloride ions in situ from CH2Cl2 solvent has been confirmed by mass spectrometry. This study suggests that the combination of alkynyl and halide ligands will pave a new way for the synthesis of large silver nanoclusters.
Structure–property relationship of poly(cyclohexane 1,4‐dimethylene terephthalate) modified with high trans‐1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol and 2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylicacid
Authors: Hussain Fiaz , Park Sangwon , Jeong Jaemin , Kang Soo‐Jung , Kim Jinhwan 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTA series of novel poly(1,4‐cyclohexanedimthylene terephthalate‐co‐1,4‐cyclohxylenedimethylene 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylate) (PCTN) copolyesters were successfully melt polymerized using different content of trans‐ or cis‐isomers. Before evaluations, the performance properties, their actual chemical composition, chemical structure, and molecular weight were determined using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and intrinsic viscosity (IV) measurements. Thermal studies of obtained copolyesters were carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal degradation behaviors were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Randomly oriented film specimens were developed using a hot‐press and their thermal, barrier, dimensional stability, and optical properties were analyzed and compared with conventional poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN). The results revealed that glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm), and crystallinity (Xc) of the synthesized copolyesters are increased in a linear trend by increasing the trans‐1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol (trans‐CHDM) isomers. It was also found that synthesized films had better thermal, barrier, optical, and dimensional stability properties than conventional PET and PEN films. Results clearly indicated that high trans‐CHDM isomers significantly improve the performance properties of the fabricated films. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48950.
Rationally designed curcumin laden glycopolymeric nanoparticles: Implications on cellular uptake and anticancer efficacy
Authors: Rao N. Naga Malleswara , Sharma Shipra , Palodkar Krushna Kaduba , Sadhu Veera , Sharma Manu , Sainath Annadanam V. Sesha 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTOverexpression of glucose transport proteins (GLUTs) plays a pivotal role in the survival of cancer cells. Hence, targeting GLUTs receptors using glucose‐based polymers can fill up the lacuna of cancer treatment by confining the dissemination and accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs on cancer cells. The present study addressed the preparation of glycohomopolymer (PMG), PEG‐based di‐ (PEG‐b‐PMG) and tri‐block (PMG‐b‐PEG‐b‐PMG) polymers using atom transfer radical polymerization and their potential in the development of novel nanoparticulate drug delivery system. Curcumin‐loaded glycopolymer nanoparticles were fabricated by nanoprecipitation method and investigated for various physicochemical parameters such as particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, drug loading, morphology, and dissolution profile. Homoglycopolymer nanoparticles exhibited lower average particle size (240.16 ± 21.41 nm), higher zeta potential (−28.72 ± 4.25 mV), and entrapment efficiency (74.61 ± 5.03%) compared to their block copolymer counterparts. Optimized formulation exhibited diffusion and dissolution‐controlled drug release behavior. In vitro cell line studies demonstrated significantly superior cytotoxicity, clonogenic inhibitory and cellular uptake potential in MCF‐7 cells besides receptor recognizing property of optimized curcumin nanoparticulate formulation compared to free curcumin. These findings elucidate that curcumin homoglucopyranoside nanocarriers can be a promising drug delivery option for effective management of breast cancer. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48954.
Overexpression of stilbene synthase genes to modulate the properties of plants and plant cell cultures
Authors: Kiselev Konstantin V. , Dubrovina Alexandra S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPlant stilbenes have attracted special attention as they possess valuable health benefits and improve plant resistance to environmental stresses. Stilbenes are synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway, where stilbene synthase (STS, EC 2.3.1.95) directly catalyzes the formation of t‐resveratrol (monomeric stilbene). This review discusses the features of using STS genes in genetic engineering and plant biotechnology with the purpose to increase plant resistance to environmental stresses and to modify secondary metabolite production.
DNA bioassays based on the fluorescence ‘turn off’ of silver nanocluster beacon
Authors: Wen Qiu‐Lin , Peng Jun , Liu An‐Yong , Wang Jun , Hu Yi‐Lin , Ling Jian , Cao Qiu‐E 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecognition and quantification of oligonucleotide sequences play important roles in medical diagnosis. In this study, a new fluorescent oligonucleotide‐stabilized silver nanocluster beacon (NCB) probe was designed for sensitive detection of oligonucleotide sequence targets. This probe contained two tailored DNA strands. One strand was a signal probe strand containing a cytosine‐rich strand template for fluorescent silver nanocluster (Ag NC) synthesis and a detection sections at each end. The other strand was a fluorescence enhancing strand containing a guanine‐rich section for signal enhancement at one end and a linker section complementary to one end of the signal probe strand. After synthesis of the Ag NCs and hybridization of the two strands, the fluorescence intensity of the as‐prepared silver NCB was enhanced 200‐fold compared with the Ag NCs. Two NCBs were designed to detect two disease‐related oligonucleotide sequences, and results indicated that the two target oligonucleotide sequences in the range 50.0–600.0 and 50.0–200.0 nM could be linearly detected with detection limits of 20 and 25 nM, respectively. The developed fluorescence method using NCBs for oligonucleotide sequence detection was sensitive, facile and had potential for use in bioanalysis and diagnosis.
Protective role of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid nanoparticle loaded with resveratrol against isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction
Authors: Sun Liqiang , Hu Yucai , Mishra Anurag , Sreeharsha Nagaraja , Moktan Jeet B. , Kumar Piyush , Wang Lei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOur study is aimed at evaluating the effects of pretreatment with Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid nanoparticle loaded with resveratrol (RSV PLGA NPs) compared to conventional resveratrol (RSV) on isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Sixty rats were randomly divided into six groups of 10 rats each. RSV and RSV PLGA NPs were given by gavage in two different doses (50 mg/kg body weight [BW] and 100 mg/kg BW) for 3 weeks. RSV and RSV PLGA NPs were given for 2 weeks starting 1 week before ISO administration. The blood samples were taken 24 hr after the last dose of ISO. The antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects were evaluated in all groups. Only 100 mg/kg dose of RSV and both doses of RSV PLGA NPs offered a cardioprotective effect by preventing cardiac troponin T (cTnT) levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities leakage from cardiomyocytes, with the best result for RSV PLGA NPs. All the oxidative stress parameters were significantly improved after RSV PLGA NPs compared to RSV pretreatment. RSV PLGA NPs were more efficient than RSV in limiting the increase in inflammatory cytokine expressions such as tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β), and NF‐kappaB (NF‐kB) expression. In addition, RSV PLGA NPs significantly upregulated eNOS expression and downregulated iNOS expression. RSV PLGA NPs better prevented myocardial necrosis and reduced interstitial edema and neutrophil infiltration than RSV, on histopathological examination. Therefore, improving the bioactivity of RSV by nanotechnology may help limit cardiac injury after myocardial infarction.
Cigarette smoking increases the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through the elevated level of IgA antibody against Epstein‐Barr virus capsid antigen: A mediation analysis
Authors: Hsu Wan‐Lun , Chien Yin‐Chu , Huang Yen‐Tsung , Yu Kelly J. , Ko Jenq‐Yuh , Lin Ching‐Yuan , Tsou Yung‐An , Leu Yi‐Shing , Liao Li‐Jen , Chang Yen‐Liang , Su Jia‐Ying , Liu Zhiwei , Wang Cheng‐Ping , Terng Shyuang‐Der , Hua Chun‐Hung , Lee Jehn‐Chuan , Yang Tsung‐Lin , Kate Hsiao Chu‐Hsing , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Tsai Ming‐Hsui , Liu Ming‐Jiung , Lou Pei‐Jen , Hildesheim Allan , Chen Chien‐Jen ,   the GEV‐NPC Study Group
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe study aims are to evaluate the associations between nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) risk and cigarette smoking and to explore the effects of cigarette smoking on Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection for NPC risk.Methods1235 male NPC cases and 1262 hospital‐based male controls matched to cases were recruited across six collaborative hospitals between 2010 and 2014. Using a standardized questionnaire, information on cigarette smoking and other potential risk factors for NPC was obtained. Blood was collected and used for anti‐EBV VCA IgA and anti‐EBV EA‐EBNA1 IgA testing using standard methods. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for each risk factor after adjusting for confounders.Results63.6% of cases and 44.0% of controls reported ever smoking cigarettes. After full adjustment, current smokers had a significant 1.60‐fold (95% CI = 1.30‐1.97) and former smokers a borderline significant 1.27‐fold (95% CI = 1.00‐1.60) increased NPC risk compared to never smokers. NPC risk increased with increasing duration, intensity, and pack‐years of cigarette smoking but not with age at smoking initiation. Among controls, anti‐EBV VCA IgA seropositivity rate was higher in current smokers than never smokers (14.0% vs 8.4%; OR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.19‐2.79). Mediation analyses showed that more than 90% of the cigarette smoking effect on NPC risk is mediated through anti‐EBV VCA IgA.ConclusionThis study confirms the association between long‐term cigarette smoking and NPC and demonstrates that current smoking is associated with seropositivity of anti‐EBV VCA IgA antibodies.
EGCG exerts its protective effect by mitigating the release of lysosomal enzymes in aged rat liver on exposure to high cholesterol diet
Authors: Ravindran Rajeswari , Jaganathan Ravindran , Periandavan Kalaiselvi 
Published: January 2020

The aim is to test the hypothesis whether the cholesterol loaded lysosomes are capable of mediating lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) during aging and to study the efficacy of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) in preserving the lysosomal membrane stability. Aged rats were fed with high cholesterol diet (HCD) and treated with EGCG orally. Serum and tissue lipid status, cholesterol levels in lysosomal fraction, activities of lysosomal enzymes in lysosomal, and cytosolic fractions were measured. Transmission electron microscopic studies (TEM), oil red “O” (ORO) staining, and immunohistochemical analysis of oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) were carried out. Significant increase in serum, tissue lipid profile, and lysosomal cholesterol levels were observed in aged HCD‐fed rats with a concomitant decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. We also observed a significant increase in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes of aged HCD‐fed rats by TEM, ORO, and immunohistochemical staining. Upon treatment with EGCG to aged HCD‐fed animals, we found augmented levels of HDL with a concomitant decrease in lysosomal cholesterol levels and other lipoproteins. TEM studies and immunohistochemistry of OxLDL also showed a marked reduction in lipid deposition of hepatocytes. Thus, EGCG has preserved the lysosomal membrane stability in HCD stressed aged rats.Significance of the studyThe research article is focused mainly on the effect of EGCG and its capability on mitigating the release of lysosomal enzymes in aged animals fed with HCD. The study signifies the cellular function of the organelle lysosome following administration of aged rats with HCD, which would make the readers to understand the action of EGCG and the interrelationship of both cholesterol and activity of lysosomes when cholesterol is loaded.