bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of older adults' mobility and social participation on life satisfaction in South Korea
Authors: Lee Samsik , Choi Hyojin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSouth Korea has been experiencing rapid population aging. In an aging society, the need for healthy lives is greater. Two of the fundamental factors to enable independent and active life for the elderly are mobility and social participation. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between older adults’ mobility, social participation, and quality of life in South Korea. We used data from the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and applied hierarchical regression. The major finding was that older adults’ mobility had a positive impact on their life satisfaction. After controlling for older adults’ mobility, social participation was positively associated with life satisfaction regardless of the place of residence. The findings of this study not only make a valuable contribution to further research on mobility and social participation but also provide new insight into improving older adults’ quality of life.
Abnormal perfusion fluctuation and perfusion connectivity in bipolar disorder measured by dynamic arterial spin labeling
Authors: Dai Weiying , Chen Mingzhao , Duan Wenna , Zhao Li , Bolo Nicolas R. , Tamminga Carol , Clementz Brett A. , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Alsop David C. , Keshavan Matcheri 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to evaluate whether dynamic Arterial Spin Labeling (dASL), a novel quantitative technique robust to artifacts and noise that especially arise in inferior brain regions, could characterize neural substrates of BD pathology and symptoms.MethodsForty‐five subjects (19 BD patients, 26 controls) were imaged using a dASL sequence. Maps of average perfusion, perfusion fluctuation, and perfusion connectivity with anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were derived. Patient symptoms were quantified along four symptom dimensions determined using factor analysis of the subjects from the Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (BSNIP) study. Maps of the perfusion measures were compared between BD patients and controls and correlated with the symptom dimensions in the BD patients only by voxel‐level and region‐level analyses.ResultsBD patients exhibited (i) significantly increased perfusion fluctuations in the left fusiform and inferior temporal regions (P = .020, voxel‐level corrected) and marginally increased perfusion fluctuations in the right temporal pole and inferior temporal regions (P = .063, cluster‐level corrected), (ii) significantly increased perfusion connectivity between ACC and the occipitoparietal cortex (P = .050, cluster‐level corrected). In BD patients, positive symptoms were negatively associated with ACC perfusion connectivity to the right orbitofrontal and superior frontal regions (P = .002, cluster‐level corrected) and right orbitofrontal and inferior frontal regions (P = .023, cluster‐level corrected).ConclusionThe abnormal perfusion fluctuations and connectivity alterations may underlie the mood fluctuations and cognitive and emotional dysregulation that characterize BD.
Predominant polarity and hippocampal subfield volumes in Bipolar disorders
Authors: Janiri Delfina , Simonetti Alessio , Piras Fabrizio , Ciullo Valentina , Spalletta Gianfranco , Sani Gabriele 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesPredominant polarity (PP) is a proposed course specifier for bipolar disorders (BD) based on patient lifetime mood episodes. Hippocampal subfield volumetric changes have been proposed as a neurobiological marker for BD and could be influenced by mood episodes. Our study aimed to test the hypothesis that patients with BD differ in hippocampal subfield volumes according to their PP.MethodsWe assessed 172 outpatients, diagnosed with BD according to DSM‐IV‐TR criteria, and 150 healthy control (HC) participants. High‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging was performed on all subjects and volumes of all hippocampal subfields were measured using FreeSurfer.ResultsPatients with depressive PP (BD‐DP) and with uncertain PP (BD‐UP) but not with manic/hypomanic PP (BD‐MP) showed a global reduction on all hippocampal subfield volumes with respect to HCs. When directly compared, BD‐DP presented with smaller bilateral presubiculum/subiculum volumes than BD‐MP.ConclusionsResults support the potential utility of PP not only as a clinical but also as a neurobiological specifier of BD.
BRAFV600E mutant oligodendroglioma‐like tumors with chromosomal instability in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Fukuoka Kohei , Mamatjan Yasin , Ryall Scott , Komosa Martin , Bennett Julie , Zapotocky Michal , Keith Julia , Myrehaug Sten , Hazrati Lili‐Naz , Aldape Kenneth , Laperriere Norm , Bouffet Eric , Tabori Uri , Hawkins Cynthia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe performed genome‐wide methylation analysis on 136 pediatric low‐grade gliomas, identifying a unique cluster consisting of three tumors with oligodendroglioma‐like histology, BRAF p.V600E mutations and recurrent whole chromosome gains of 7 and loss of 10. Morphologically, all showed similar features, including a diffusely infiltrative glioma composed of round nuclei with perinuclear halos, a chicken‐wire pattern of branching capillaries and microcalcification. None showed astrocytic features or characteristics suggestive of high‐grade tumors including necrosis or mitotic figures. All tumors harbored multiple chromosomal copy number abnormalities (>10 chromosomes altered), but none showed 1p/19q co‐deletion or IDH1 p.R132H mutation. Hierarchical clustering and t‐stochastic neighbor embedding analyses from DNA methylation data cluster them more closely to previously described pediatric‐type low‐grade gliomas and separate from adult gliomas. These tumors exhibit distinct clinical features; they are temporal lobe lesions occurring in adolescents and young adults with a prolonged history of seizures and all are alive with no recurrence (follow‐up 3.2 to 13.2 years). We encountered another young adult case with quite similar pathological appearance and molecular status except forTERTpromoter mutation. Although the series is small, these may represent a new category of IDH wild‐type low‐grade gliomas which may be confused with “molecular GBM.” Further, they highlight the heterogeneity of IDH wild‐type gliomas and the relatively indolent behavior of “pediatric‐type” gliomas.
Modified risk stratification based on cervical lymph node metastases following lobectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Song Eyun , Ahn Jonghwa , Song Dong Eun , Kim Won Woong , Jeon Min Ji , Sung Tae‐Yon , Kim Tae Yong , Chung Ki Wook , Kim Won Bae , Shong Young Kee , Hong Suck Joon , Lee Yu‐Mi , Kim Won Gu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveEvidence for American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk stratification stems largely from studies involving patients undergoing total thyroidectomy. We aimed to assess the risk of recurrence according to the present ATA risk stratification system in patients who underwent lobectomy.DesignRetrospective cohort study.PatientsPatients who underwent thyroid lobectomy for 1‐4 cm‐sized papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 571).MeasurementsDisease‐free survival (DFS) was compared according to the ATA risk stratification, and specific lymph node (LN) characteristics were evaluated to modify the ATA criteria with a higher predictability for recurrence.ResultsBased on the ATA risk stratification, 439 patients (61.1%) were classified into intermediate‐ or high‐risk group, and consideration for completion thyroidectomy is suggested by ATA guidelines for these patients. However, no significant differences were found in DFS among the low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐risk groups (P = .9). In contrast, when patients were stratified according solely to the LN criteria from the ATA risk stratification, only 127 patients (22.2%) had intermediate risk (intermediate‐N1a) and exhibited significantly poorer DFS than those with N0 disease (P = .035). Modifying the intermediate‐N1a criteria by adding the extranodal extension (ENE) status and omitting the clinical nodal disease enabled the subclassification of 19 patients (3%) with a high risk for recurrence.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that risk stratification based solely on LN metastases is more reasonable for predicting structural persistence/recurrence following lobectomy than that based on the overall ATA criteria. Considering the ENE status can assist in selecting patients with a high risk of recurrence to minimize further treatments.
Primary angioplasty or stenting for hepatic artery stenosis treatment after liver transplantation
Authors: Magand Nicolas , Coronado José Luis , Drevon Harir , Manichon Anne‐Frédérique , Mabrut Jean‐Yves , Mohkam Kayvan , Ducerf Christian , Boussel Loïc , Rode Agnès 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundEndovascular treatment (EVT) by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) or stent is the first‐line treatment for hepatic artery stenosis (HAS) after liver transplantation, but there are no guidelines to help choose between PTA and stent.MethodsRetrospective review of HAS EVT after liver transplantation, between 1999 and 2017. HAS was treated by PTA or stent. We report EVT primary effectiveness, arterial patency after 1 year of follow‐up, complications, HAS recurrence rate; comparing PTA to stent.ResultsFifty‐two HAS were diagnosed in 42 patients. We performed 51 EVT; 34 PTA (66.7%) and 16 stents (31.4%). Global primary EVT effectiveness was 86.3%: 82.3% after PTA and 100% after stent (P = 1.00 after propensity score matching). Recurrent HAS was found in 22.0% of cases: 29.4% after PTA and 6.2% after stenting, (P = .053 after propensity score matching). Patency rate without recurrent HAS or HAT at 12 months was 73.5% with PTA and 93.8% with stent (P = .09), and globally this was 92.8%. There were 7.8% complications: 2.9% after PTA, 12.5% after stenting (P = .23).ConclusionPrimary effectiveness was the same for PTA and stenting. There was a strong trend toward more HAS recurrence after PTA than after stenting suggesting that HAS should benefit from primary stenting.
The Open Planning Laboratory at the Museum für Naturkunde – Experiences From First Attempts in a Participative Exhibition Planning and Working in Public
Authors: Rössig Wiebke , Jahn Lisa Debora 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAt the beginning of 2018, the exhibition department of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin moved from an outbuilding into an exhibition hall, bringing its office close to the public exhibition halls. The museum will face a major process of innovation in the following years, especially pushing towards more open research areas and open collections. Taking up on the mission of visibly opening up collections and research practice, museums have come up with various architectural answers, such as laboratories within the exhibitions or accessible workspaces and collections. However, the way in which such designs affect the work‐experience of museum staff is still underreported. At the same time, research museums have been shy to adapt co‐creation models with visitors in exhibition design that community‐based museums have long been practicing. We accompanied the exhibition department during its time at the “open planning lab,” combining observations, interviews and analysis of the qualitative data gathered in order to document their experiences as well as their exchange with visitors. This article sums up experiences made, arguing that various forms of invitations to participate play a vital role in creating an environment that visitors and museum staff actually perceive as open and that direct interactions are especially promising for changing attitudes towards open working conditions and participative planning. It is not just about literally opening the doors, but also most importantly about developing ways to facilitate direct interactions.
An Alternative Theorization of Payments for Ecosystem Services from Mexico: Origins and Influence
Authors: Shapiro‐Garza Elizabeth 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe national Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) programmes of Mexico were originally based on the neoclassical economic theory that conceptualized ecosystems as factories whose various outputs can be quantified and converted to commodities. This model of PES clashed with an alternative theorization, Compensation for Ecosystem Services (CES), with home‐grown roots in the ontological orientation and contextualized experience of an epistemic community of public intellectuals with deep engagement in rural Mexico. While built upon the same basic premise — that healthy ecosystems produce services of value — the CES model reimagines payments as compensation for the sustainable stewardship and labour of rural communities and, mediated by the state, as a means to counteract the systemic structural inequities between rural and urban and global North and South. Based on discourse analysis of a series of key actor interviews, longitudinal participant observation and policy analysis, this article explores: 1) the common conceptual underpinnings in the theory of CES, but also the variances; 2) the specific influence of this model on the design of the national PES programmes; and 3) the ways in which this influence has been mediated by politics and shifting relations of power in Mexico.
Modified synaptic dynamics predict neural activity patterns in an auditory field within the frontal cortex
Authors: López‐Jury Luciana , Mannel Adrian , García‐Rosales Francisco , Hechavarria Julio C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFrontal areas of the mammalian cortex are thought to be important for cognitive control and complex behaviour. These areas have been studied mostly in humans, non‐human primates and rodents. In this article, we present a quantitative characterization of response properties of a frontal auditory area responsive to sound in the brain of Carollia perspicillata, the frontal auditory field (FAF). Bats are highly vocal animals, and they constitute an important experimental model for studying the auditory system. We combined electrophysiology experiments and computational simulations to compare the response properties of auditory neurons found in the bat FAF and auditory cortex (AC) to simple sounds (pure tones). Anatomical studies have shown that the latter provides feedforward inputs to the former. Our results show that bat FAF neurons are responsive to sounds, and however, when compared to AC neurons, they presented sparser, less precise spiking and longer‐lasting responses. Based on the results of an integrate‐and‐fire neuronal model, we suggest that slow, subthreshold, synaptic dynamics can account for the activity pattern of neurons in the FAF. These properties reflect the general function of the frontal cortex and likely result from its connections with multiple brain regions, including cortico‐cortical projections from the AC to the FAF.
Hand blink reflex in virtual reality: The role of vision and proprioception in modulating defensive responses
Authors: Fossataro Carlotta , Tieri Gaetano , Grollero Demetrio , Bruno Valentina , Garbarini Francesca 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOur research focused on the role of vision and proprioception in modulating a defensive reflex (hand blink reflex, HBR) whose magnitude is enhanced when the threatened hand is inside the peripersonal space of the face. We capitalized on virtual reality, which allows dissociating vision and proprioception by presenting a virtual limb in congruent/incongruent positions with respect to the participants' limb. In experiment 1, participants placed their own stimulated hand in far/near positions with respect to their face (postural manipulation task), while observing a virtual empty scenario. Vision was not informative, but the HBR was significantly enhanced in near compared with far position, suggesting that proprioception is sufficient for the HBR modulation to occur. In experiment 2, participants did not perform the postural manipulation but they (passively) observed the avatar's virtual limb performing it. Proprioceptive signals were not informative, but the HBR was significantly enhanced when the observed virtual limb was near to the face, suggesting that visual information plays a role in modulating the HBR. In experiment 3, both participants and avatar performed the postural manipulation, either congruently (both of them far/near) or incongruently (one of them far, the other near). The HBR modulation was present only in congruent conditions. In incongruent conditions, the conflict between vision and proprioception confounded the system, abolishing the difference between far and near positions. Taken together, these findings promote the view that observing a virtual limb modulates the HBR, providing also new evidence on the role of vision and proprioception in modulating this subcortical reflex.
Thinner bark increases sensitivity of wetter Amazonian tropical forests to fire
Authors: Staver Ann Carla , Brando Paulo M. , Barlow Jos , Morton Douglas C. , Paine C.E. Timothy , Malhi Yadvinder , Araujo Murakami Alejandro , del Aguila Pasquel Jhon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnderstory fires represent an accelerating threat to Amazonian tropical forests and can, during drought, affect larger areas than deforestation itself. These fires kill trees at rates varying from < 10 to c. 90% depending on fire intensity, forest disturbance history and tree functional traits. Here, we examine variation in bark thickness across the Amazon. Bark can protect trees from fires, but it is often assumed to be consistently thin across tropical forests. Here, we show that investment in bark varies, with thicker bark in dry forests and thinner in wetter forests. We also show that thinner bark translated into higher fire‐driven tree mortality in wetter forests, with between 0.67 and 5.86 gigatonnes CO2 lost in Amazon understory fires between 2001 and 2010. Trait‐enabled global vegetation models that explicitly include variation in bark thickness are likely to improve the predictions of fire effects on carbon cycling in tropical forests.
Population genomics supports clonal reproduction and multiple independent gains and losses of parasitic abilities in the most devastating nematode pest
Authors: Koutsovoulos Georgios D. , Marques Eder , Arguel Marie‐Jeanne , Duret Laurent , Machado Andressa C. Z. , Carneiro Regina M. D. G. , Kozlowski Djampa K. , Bailly‐Bechet Marc , Castagnone‐Sereno Philippe , Albuquerque Erika V. S. , Danchin Etienne G. J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe root‐knot nematodes are the most devastating worms to worldwide agriculture with Meloidogyne incognita being the most widely distributed and damaging species. This parasitic and ecological success seems surprising given its supposed obligatory clonal reproduction. Clonal reproduction has been suspected based on cytological observations but, so far, never confirmed by population genomics data. As a species, M. incognita is highly polyphagous with thousands of host plants. However, different M. incognita isolates present distinct and overlapping patterns of host compatibilities. Historically, four “host races” had been defined as a function of ranges of compatible and incompatible plants. In this study, we used population genomics to assess whether (a) reproduction is actually clonal in this species, (b) the host races follow an underlying phylogenetic signal or, rather represent multiple independent transitions, and (c) how genome variations associate with other important biological traits such as the affected crops and geographical distribution. We sequenced the genomes of 11 M. incognita isolates across Brazil that covered the four host races in replicates. By aligning the genomic reads of these isolates to the M. incognita reference genome assembly, we identified point variations. Analysis of linkage disequilibrium and 4‐gametes test showed no evidence for recombination, corroborating the clonal reproduction of M. incognita. The few point variations between the isolates showed no significant association with the host races, the geographical origin of the samples, or the crop on which they have been collected. Addition of isolates from other locations around the world confirmed this lack of underlying phylogenetic signal. This suggests multiple gains and losses of parasitic abilities and adaptations to different environments account for the broad host spectrum and wide geographical distribution of M. incognita and thus to its high economic impact. This surprising adaptability without sex poses both evolutionary and agro‐economic challenges.
Population‐level inferences from environmental DNA—Current status and future perspectives
Authors: Sigsgaard Eva Egelyng , Jensen Mads Reinholdt , Winkelmann Inger Eleanor , Møller Peter Rask , Hansen Michael Møller , Thomsen Philip Francis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) extracted from water samples has recently shown potential as a valuable source of population genetic information for aquatic macroorganisms. This approach offers several potential advantages compared with conventional tissue‐based methods, including the fact that eDNA sampling is noninvasive and generally more cost‐efficient. Currently, eDNA approaches have been limited to single‐marker studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and the relationship between eDNA haplotype composition and true haplotype composition still needs to be thoroughly verified. This will require testing of bioinformatic and statistical software to correct for erroneous sequences, as well as biases and random variation in relative sequence abundances. However, eDNA‐based population genetic methods have far‐reaching potential for both basic and applied research. In this paper, we present a brief overview of the achievements of eDNA‐based population genetics to date, and outline the prospects for future developments in the field, including the estimation of nuclear DNA (nuDNA) variation and epigenetic information. We discuss the challenges associated with eDNA samples as opposed to those of individual tissue samples and assess whether eDNA might offer additional types of information unobtainable with tissue samples. Lastly, we provide recommendations for determining whether an eDNA approach would be a useful and suitable choice in different research settings. We limit our discussion largely to contemporary aquatic systems, but the advantages, challenges, and perspectives can to a large degree be generalized to eDNA studies with a different spatial and temporal focus.