bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of circulating fibrocytes in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis
Authors: Zarog M A , O'Leary D P , Kiernan M G , Bolger J , Tibbitts P , Coffey S N , Lowery A , Byrnes G J , Peirce C , Dunne C P , Coffey J C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Improved diagnostic biomarkers are required for acute appendicitis. The circulating fibrocyte percentage (CFP) is increased in inflammatory states, but has not been studied in acute appendicitis. This study aimed to determine CFP in acute appendicitis and compare diagnostic accuracy with standard serological biomarkers.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was carried out between June 2015 and February 2016 at University Hospital Limerick. The CFP was determined by dual-staining peripheral venous samples for CD45 and collagen I using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and correlated with histopathological diagnoses. The accuracy of CFP in determining histological acute appendicitis was characterized and compared with the white cell count, C-reactive protein concentration, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and neutrophil : lymphocyte ratio.

Results
Of 95 adults recruited, 15 were healthy individuals and 80 had suspected appendicitis at presentation. Forty-six of these 80 patients had an appendicectomy, of whom 34 had histologically confirmed appendicitis. The CFP was statistically higher in patients with pathologically proven acute appendicitis than in healthy controls (median 6·1 (i.q.r. 1·6–11·6) versus 2·3 (0·9–3·4) per cent respectively; P = 0·008). The diagnostic accuracy of CFP, as determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, was similar to that of standard biomarkers. In multinomial regression analysis, only raised CFP was retained as an independent prognostic determinant of acute appendicitis (odds ratio 1·57, 95 per cent c.i. 1·05 to 2·33; P = 0·027).

Conclusion
The CFP is increased in histologically confirmed acute appendicitis and is as accurate as standard serological biomarkers in terms of diagnosis.
A concise review of bioanalytical methods of small molecule immuno‐oncology drugs in cancer therapy
Authors: Sulochana Suresh P. , Trivedi Ravi Kumar , Srinivas Nuggehally R. , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImmuno‐oncology (IO) is an emerging option to treat cancer malignancies. In the last two years, IO has accounted for more than 90% of the new active drugs in various therapeutic indications of oncology drug development. Bioanalytical methods used for the quantitation of various IO small molecule drugs have been summarized in this review. The most commonly used are HPLC and LC–MS/MS methods. Determination of IO drugs from biological matrices involves drug extraction from the biological matrix, which is mostly achieved by simple protein precipitation, liquid–liquid extraction and solid‐phase extraction. Subsequently, quantitation is usually achieved by LC–MS/MS, but HPLC–UV has also been employed. The bioanalytical methods reported for each drug are briefly discussed and tabulated for easy access. Our review indicates that LC–MS/MS is a versatile and reliable tool for the sensitive, rapid and robust quantitation of IO drugs.
Continuous lenalidomide and low‐dose dexamethasone in patients with transplant‐ineligible newly diagnosed MM: FIRST trial subanalysis of Canadian/US patients
Authors: Belch Andrew , Bahlis Nizar , White Darrell , Cheung Matthew , Chen Christine , Shustik Chaim , Song Kevin , Tosikyan Axel , Dispenzieri Angela , Anderson Kenneth , Brown Diane , Robinson Suzanne , Srinivasan Shankar , Facon Thierry 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe phase 3 FIRST trial demonstrated significant improvement in progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with an immune‐stimulatory agent, lenalidomide, in combination with low‐dose dexamethasone until disease progression (Rd continuous) vs melphalan +prednisone + thalidomide (MPT) in transplant‐ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). Rd continuous similarly extended PFS vs fixed‐duration Rd for 18 cycles (Rd18). Outcomes in the Canadian/US subgroup (104 patients per arm) are reported in this analysis. Rd continuous demonstrated a significant improvement in PFS vs MPT (median, 29.3 vs 20.2 months; HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.49‐0.97]; p = 0.03326) and an improvement vs Rd18 (median, 21.9 months). Median OS was 56.9 vs 46.8 months with Rd continuous vs MPT (p = 0.15346) and 59.5 months with Rd18. The overall response rate was higher with Rd continuous and Rd18 (78.8% and 79.8%) vs MPT (65.4%). In the 49.0%, 52.9%, and 29.8% of patients with at least very good partial response in the Rd continuous, Rd18, and MPT arms, respectively, the median PFS was 56.0, 30.9, and 40.2 months, respectively. The most common grade 3/4 treatment‐emergent adverse events were neutropenia (28.4%, 30.1%, and 52.0%), anemia (23.5%, 21.4%, and 23.5%), and infections (37.3%, 30.1%, and 24.5%) with Rd continuous, Rd18, and MPT, respectively. These results were consistent with those in the intent‐to‐treat population, confirming the benefit of Rd continuous vs MPT in the Canadian/US subgroup and supporting the role of Rd continuous as a standard of care for transplant‐ineligible patients with NDMM.
Cancer risk in heart or lung transplant recipients: A comprehensive analysis of 21 prospective cohorts
Authors: Ge Fan , Li Caichen , Xu Xin , Huo Zhenyu , Wang Runchen , Wen Yaokai , Peng Haoxin , Wu Xiangrong , Liang Hengrui , Peng Guilin , Li Run , Huang Danxia , Chen Ying , Xiong Shan , Zhong Ran , Cheng Bo , Li Jianfu , He Jianxing , Liang Wenhua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe performed a meta‐analysis to determine cancer risks at multiple sites and their associations with tumor mutation burden (TMB), an index for immunogenicity, in heart or lung transplant recipients. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Medline was conducted. Random effects models were used to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) versus the general population and to determine the risks of different cancers. Weighted linear regression (WLR) was used to analyze the associations between the SIRs and TMBs. (PROSPERO CRD42020159599). Data from 21 studies including 116,438 transplant recipients (51,173 heart transplant recipients and 65,265 lung transplant recipients) with a total follow‐up of 601,330.7 person‐years were analyzed. Compared with the general population, heart transplant recipients displayed a 3.13‐fold higher cancer risk [SIR: 3.13; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.38–4.13; p < 0.001]; lung transplant recipients displayed a 4.28‐fold higher cancer risk [SIR: 4.28; 95% CI: 3.18–5.77; p < 0.001]. The correlation coefficients were 0.54 (p = 0.049) and 0.79 (p < 0.001) in heart and lung transplant recipients, respectively, indicating that 29% and 63% of the differences in the SIRs for cancer types might be explained by the TMBs. Our study demonstrated that both heart and lung transplant recipients displayed a higher risk of certain site‐specific cancers. These findings can provide individualized guidance for clinicians for detection of cancer among heart or lung transplantation recipients. In addition, we provided evidence that increased risks of post‐transplant cancers can be attributed to immunosuppression.
The influence of hyperglycemia on the safety of ultrasound in retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Kang Heather , Yin Naibo , Lyon Heather , Rupenthal Ilva D. , Thakur Sachin S. , Mugisho Odunayo O. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUltrasound (US) assisted drug delivery is receiving interest in treating posterior eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy due to its ability to maximize drug penetration into difficult to reach tissues. Despite its promise, the technique has only been investigated using healthy cell and tissue models, with no evidence to date about its safety in active disease. As a result, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of US administration in vitro in retinal pigment epithelial cells under normal and high glucose conditions. US protocols within the presently accepted safety threshold were applied and their influence on cell membrane and tight junction integrity as well as intracellular inflammation was evaluated using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), zona occludens‐1 (ZO‐1), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐dextran dye leak and nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) assays, respectively. Under high glucose conditions, US application increased LDH release and resulted in loss of ZO‐1 labeling at 2 h; however, normal levels were restored within 24 h. US within its safety parameters did not induce any FITC‐dextran dye leak or NF‐κB nuclear translocation in normal or high glucose conditions. In conclusion, our results suggest that while high glucose conditions increase cell susceptibility to US‐mediated stress, basal conditions can be restored within 24 h without long‐lasting cell damage.
Long noncoding RNA PVT1 facilitates high glucose‐induced cardiomyocyte death through the miR‐23a‐3p/CASP10 axis
Authors: Xia Yin‐Wen , Wang Shao‐Bo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Long noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) has been shown to be related to the pathogenesis of DCM. However, the mechanism by which PVT1 regulates DCM pathogenesis is unclear. High glucose level was employed to construct a DCM cell model in vitro. Cell viability was determined via cell counting kit‐8 assay. The level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured with the corresponding kit. Expression levels of PVT1, miR‐23a‐3p, and caspase‐10 (CASP10) messenger RNA were evaluated with a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry assay. Protein levels of B‐cell lymphoma 2‐associated X (Bax), cleaved‐caspase‐3 (cleaved‐casp‐3), and CASP10 were examined via western blot analysis. The relationship between PVT1 or CASP10 and miR‐23a‐3p was verified with dual‐luciferase reporter assay. We observed that PVT1 and CASP10 were upregulated while miR‐23a‐3p was downregulated in high glucose‐induced cardiomyocytes. High glucose levels repressed cardiomyocyte activity and induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, but this influence was antagonized by PVT1 knockdown or miR‐23a‐3p overexpression. Furthermore, PVT1 acted as a sponge for miR‐23a‐3p, and miR‐23a‐3p inhibition counterbalanced the influence of PVT1 silencing on viability and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes under high glucose level treatment. PVT1 could increase CASP10 expression via sponging miR‐23a‐3p. In conclusion, PVT1 acted as a deleterious lncRNA in DCM. PVT1 facilitated cardiomyocyte death by regulating the miR‐23a‐3p/CASP10, which offered a new mechanism to comprehend the pathogenesis of DCM.
Esomeprazole overcomes paclitaxel‐resistance and enhances anticancer effects of paclitaxel by inducing autophagy in A549/Taxol cells
Authors: Bai Zhaoshi , Ding Nianyang , Ge Jianjuan , Wang Yue , Wang Lei , Wu Nan , Wei Qing , Xu Silu , Liu Xiaolin , Zhou Guoren 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNon‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignancies, and the occurrence of drug‐resistance severely limits the efficacy of anticancer drugs in the treatment of NSCLC. Identification of new agents to reverse drug‐resistance in NSCLC treatment is of great importance and urgency both clinically and scientifically. In the present study, we found that A549/Taxol cells displayed a high level of resistance to paclitaxel with the resistance index up to 231. Importantly, esomeprazole could potentiate the antiproliferative effect of paclitaxel in A549/Taxol cells, but not in A549 cells. Further exploration on the underlying mechanisms revealed that esomeprazole decreased the intracellular pH via inhibiting V‐ATPase expression in A549/Taxol cells. Meanwhile, esomeprazole pretreatment significantly promoted paclitaxel‐induced polymerization of tubulin and enhanced the proportion of G2/M‐arrested cells in A549/Taxol cells. Unfortunately, esomeprazole could only result in a slight decrease in the expression of P‐gp in A549/Taxol cells. Interestingly, esomeprazole significantly increased paclitaxel‐induced apoptosis, which was impeded by the autophagy inhibitor 3‐MA in A549/Taxol cells. Taken together, our data suggest that esomeprazole is a promising chemosensitizer against paclitaxel‐resistant NSCLC by inducing autophagy. Our study also offers a new strategy to solve the paclitaxel‐resistance problem during NSCLC treatment.
Same day discharge after chronic total occlusion interventions: A single center experience
Authors: Koutouzis Michael , Liontou Catherine , Xenogiannis Iosif , Tajti Peter , Tsiafoutis Ioannis , Lazaris Efstathios , Oikonomidis Nikolaos , Kontopodis Eleftherios , Rangan Bavana , Brilakis Emmanouil 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the feasibility and safety of same day discharge (SDD) after chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundCTO PCI has been associated with higher complication rates and procedural and hospitalization costs. Shortening post‐PCI hospitalization length not only increases the patients' comfort but at the same time it consists an important part of cost reduction policies.MethodsWe retrospectively compared the 30‐day outcomes of patients who underwent CTO PCI at the Red Cross Hospital, Greece between January 2016 and June 2019 and underwent SDD versus non‐SDD. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were defined as the composite of death, myocardial infarction, urgent repeat target vessel revascularization, tamponade, and stroke.ResultsA total of 173 patients (mean age 63.7 ± 8.9 years) were included, of whom 51 (30%) underwent SDD. SDD patients were less likely to have diabetes mellitus (51 vs. 31%, p = .015), arterial hypertension (89 vs. 67%, p < .001), and acute coronary syndrome presentation (39.7 vs. 21.6%, p = .022), compared with non‐SDD patients. Forearm access was used in all SDD patients and in 83% of the non‐SDD patients. The 30‐day incidence of MACE was 0% in the SDD group and 1.6% in the non‐SDD group. Multivariable analysis showed that diabetes mellitus and longer procedural time were associated with lower probability of SDD (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.73 and OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.71, respectively).ConclusionsSDD appears to be feasible and safe in selected patients undergoing an uncomplicated CTO PCI through forearm approach.
An Application of Steady‐state Isotopic‐transient Kinetic Analysis (SSITKA) in DeNOx Process
Authors: Jabłońska Magdalena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis Minireview presents an overview of the advancement and capabilities of the steady‐state isotopic transient kinetic analysis in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx. Firstly, a brief overview of the method and the kinetic parameters of catalyst‐surface reaction intermediates, including concentration and coverage of surface intermediates, surface residence time and intrinsic turnover frequency (TOF), is provided. Furthermore, the focus is on the application of SSITKA or a unique combination of SSITKA‐DRIFTS for the identification of active and/or inactive (spectators) species in NH3−SCR, H2−SCR and HCs−SCR. Different forms of adsorbed species and their formation rates revealing the main elementary steps on the catalyst's surface involving labeled molecules are discussed. The emphasis is laid on the optimization and design of industrial catalysts.
Liposomal FRET Assay Identifies Potent Drug‐Like Inhibitors of the Ceramide Transport Protein (CERT)
Authors: Samaha Doaa , Hamdo Housam H. , Cong Xiaojing , Schumacher Fabian , Banhart Sebastian , Aglar Öznur , Möller Heiko M. , Heuer Dagmar , Kleuser Burkhard , Saied Essa M. , Arenz Christoph 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCeramide transfer protein (CERT) mediates non‐vesicular transfer of ceramide from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus and thus catalyzes the rate‐limiting step of sphingomyelin biosynthesis. Usually, CERT ligands are evaluated in tedious binding assays or non‐homogenous transfer assays using radiolabeled ceramides. Herein, a facile and sensitive assay for CERT, based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), is presented. To this end, we mixed donor and acceptor vesicles, each containing a different fluorescent ceramide species. By CERT‐mediated transfer of fluorescent ceramide, a FRET system was established, which allows readout in 96‐well plate format, despite the high hydrophobicity of the components. Screening of a 2 000 compound library resulted in two new potent CERT inhibitors. One is approved for use in humans and one is approved for use in animals. Evaluation of cellular activity by quantitative mass spectrometry and confocal microscopy showed inhibition of ceramide trafficking and sphingomyelin biosynthesis.
A Concept for an Integrated Process Scheme for By‐Products from Rice and Sugarcane Processing
Authors: Schaldach Katja , Schröder Hans‐Werner , Herdegen Volker , Nang Do Vinh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe material use of agricultural by‐products helps to not only reduce severe environmental problems, but also permits the production of value‐added products at the same time. Extensive experiments produced and tested different erosion control blankets, adsorbents, and soil improvers from rice straw, rice husks, and bagasse. This led to the creation of an integrated process scheme, which permits side streams from one branch to be reused in other process branches. This integrated process scheme is presented that is demonstrated and supported by the material balance numbers based on the test results.
Stimuli‐Responsive Ionic Liquids and the Regulation of Aggregation Structure and Phase Behavior†
Authors: Yuan Xiao‐Qing , Zhang Ya‐Qin , Li Zhi‐Yong , Huo Feng , Dong Yi‐Hui , He Hong‐Yan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIonic liquids with stimuli‐responsive characteristics are an essential branch in the comprehensive ionic liquids' family, which can meet the controllable and reversible needs in practical applications with different stimulation means. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress of these stimuli‐responsive ionic liquids, mainly focusing on their chemical structures, properties, responsive mechanism, aggregation structures, and phase behaviors, which were driven by external stimuli, such as CO2, magnetism, light, temperature, redox, and pH. Then, the particular or potential applications of stimuli‐responsive ionic liquids are expounded in various fields of science, including catalytic reaction, extraction, separation, nanomaterial preparation, and gas absorption. In the end, the challenges and strategies of the subject are briefly presented. It is expected that this review will contribute to the rational design and applications of stimuli‐responsive ionic liquids in the future.
Access to Stereodefined Multifunctionalized β,γ‐Unsaturated Ketones via Chemo‐, Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Copper‐Catalyzed Diborylation of Cross‐Conjugated Enynones†
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Duan Xinhua , Li Pengfei 
Published: October 2020

Main observation and conclusionStereodefined β,γ‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds are important yet synthetically challenging units in natural products and drugs. Disclosed herein is a mild, rapid copper‐catalyzed diborylation reaction of cross‐conjugated enynones as a step‐economic and modular approach to stereodefined multifunctionalized β,γ‐unsaturated ketones by fine control of chemo‐, regio‐, Z/E and diastereoselectivity. The substrate scope was examined and a possible catalytic cycle was proposed to explain the multifaceted selectivity.
Multitarget Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) and Phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K): Current and Future Prospects
Authors: Rodrigues Daniel A. , Pinheiro Pedro S. M. , Fraga Carlos A. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe discovery of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors is a hot topic in the medicinal chemistry community regarding cancer research. This is related primarily to two factors: success in the clinic, e. g., the four FDA‐approved HDAC inhibitors, and strong versatility to combine their pharmacophoric features to design new hybrid compounds with multitarget profiles. Thus, the selection of adequate pharmacophores to combine, i. e., combining targets that can result in a synergistic effect, is desirable, as it increases the probability of discovering a new useful therapeutic strategy. In this work, we highlight the design of multitarget HDAC/PI3K inhibitors. Although this approach is still in its early stages, many significant works have described the design and pharmacological evaluation of this new promising class of multitarget inhibitors, where compound CUDC‐907, which is already in clinical trials, stands out. Therefore, the question emerges of whether there still space for the design and evaluation of new multitarget HDAC/PI3K inhibitors. When considering the selectivity profile of the described multitarget compounds, the answer appears to be in the affirmative, especially since the first examples of compounds with a certain selectivity profile only recently appeared in 2020.
Improving Data Analysis in Chemistry and Biology Through Versatile Baseline Correction
Authors: Schneidewind Jacob , Olickel Hrishi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAccurate data analysis is a cornerstone for the meaningful interpretation of measurements in chemistry and biology. To enable accurate analysis, it is often necessary to remove the background from a measurement via baseline correction, as is commonly done for spectroscopy or chromatography. However, no equivalent methods for baseline correction exist for an entire group of measurements, which includes chemical reaction measurements, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. This is because these measurements give rise to a different class of features in their signals, which prevent the application of classical baseline correction methods. In this work, a general method for baseline correction of these features is developed, which is shown to simplify and improve data analysis for these measurements. Through publicly accessible and easy to use software we expect this method to be broadly useful to improve and simplify data analysis for chemists and biologists.
A novelOFDMswitching algorithm for symmetric and asymmetricMIMOarchitectures
Authors: Mlayeh Yosra , Rouissi Fatma , Tlili Fethi , Ghazel Adel 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn this article, we propose a new criterion for a switching algorithm to be used in MIMO‐OFDM systems. The switching algorithm, which selects between spatial multiplexing and MIMO diversity using the Demmel condition number as selection metrics, is first analyzed. Then, we show the limitation of this criterion, when increasing the receive antenna number. As a solution, we propose multiantenna processing and SNR switching criterion as a novel selection metric. The channel between the transmitter and the receiver is assumed a Rayleigh‐fading channel. Simulations results show that the proposed switching algorithm improves the performances in terms of bit error rate (BER) for symmetric and asymmetric MIMO systems. The gain is about 3 dB at BER = 10−4in (4×4) architecture and 2 dB at BER = 10−4in (3×2) architecture.