bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of tumor burden with the eligibility of upfront intensification therapy in metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Hatakeyama Shingo , Narita Shintaro , Takahashi Masahiro , Sakurai Toshihiko , Kawamura Sadafumi , Hoshi Senji , Ishida Masanori , Kawaguchi Toshiaki , Ishidoya Shigeto , Shimoda Jiro , Sato Hiromi , Hamano Itsuto , Okamoto Teppei , Mitsuzuka Koji , Ito Akihiro , Tsuchiya Norihiko , Arai Yoichi , Habuchi Tomonori , Ohyama Chikara 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association of tumor burden with the prognosis in real‐world patients with metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer and to investigate the eligibility for upfront intensification therapy.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 679 patients with metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer who were initially treated with conventional androgen deprivation therapy between August 2001 and November 2018. The primary purpose was to investigate the eligibility for upfront intensification therapy based on the progression of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. The secondary purpose included the comparison of the metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer progression rate, metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer‐free survival and overall survival after castration‐resistance in CHAARTED low‐ or high‐volume disease patients.ResultsThe number of patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer progression was 119 (52%) and 319 (71%) in the low‐ and high‐volume disease groups, respectively. The metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer progression rate (P < 0.001) and castration‐resistant prostate cancer‐free survival (P < 0.001) were significantly different between the low‐ and high‐volume disease groups, but no difference was found for overall survival after castration resistance (P = 0.363). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed no significant association between tumor burden and overall survival after castration resistance (P = 0.522; hazard ratio 1.14).ConclusionsThe progression rate in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients with the low‐volume disease under conventional androgen deprivation therapy is approximately 50%. Upfront intensification therapy might be beneficial for approximately half of patients with low‐volume disease. A novel maker to predict the castration‐resistant status is required to select optimal patients for upfront intensification therapy.
Circles of Life: linking metabolic and epigenetic cycles to immunity
Authors: Lio Chan‐Wang Jerry , Huang Stanley Ching‐Cheng 
Published: May 2020

SummaryMetabolites are the essential substrates for epigenetic modification enzymes to write or erase the epigenetic blueprint in cells. Hence, the availability of nutrients and activity of metabolic pathways strongly influence the enzymatic function. Recent studies have shed light on the choreography between metabolome and epigenome in the control of immune cell differentiation and function, with a major focus on histone modifications. Yet, despite its importance in gene regulation, DNA methylation and its relationship with metabolism is relatively unclear. In this review, we will describe how the metabolic flux can influence epigenetic networks in innate and adaptive immune cells, with a focus on the DNA methylation cycle and the metabolites S‐adenosylmethionine and α‐ketoglutarate. Future directions will be discussed for this rapidly emerging field.
Experimental determination of solidified lithium disilicate crystal bandgap energy using EELS and XPS
Authors: Tashiro Masanori , Sukenaga Sohei , Kawanishi Sakiko , Sato Yohei , Takakuwa Yuji , Shibata Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLithium disilicate (LS2) has been a crucial parent composition for glass‐ceramics since the 1950s because of its excellent chemical and physical durability. In addition, a wide range of electrical properties can be obtained by changing the composition and crystallinity. Bandgap energy is one of the critical electrical properties for designing new lithium silicate‐based materials. In this study, the bandgap energy of a synthesized LS2 crystal is evaluated using electron energy‐loss spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These two techniques unambiguously establish that the bandgap energy of LS2 is 7.7‐7.8 eV, which is in the vacuum ultraviolet region. This confirms the insulating nature of the LS2 crystal.
Enhanced doping effects of multielement on anisotropic thermal expansion in ZrO2 with new compositions
Authors: Qu Liu , Choy Kwang‐Leong , Wheatley Richard 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of a solid material plays a critical role for a variety of high temperature applications such as thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems during the thermal cycling process. Ceramics contain ionic bonds; hence they tend to exhibit lower CTE values than alloys/metals. Developing new ceramic thermal barrier materials using promising dopants and compositions that have higher CTE values than the conventional 6‐8 wt% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2(8YSZ) will contribute to the decrease in thermal expansion mismatch between a typical ceramic 8YSZ (10 ~ 11 × 10−6°C−1) top coat and a metal alloy based bond coat such as NiCrAlY (14 ~ 17×10−6°C−1, Padture et al., Science, 2002;296:280–4; Liang et al., J Mater Sci Technol, 2011;27(5):408–14), which is highly desirable. This work reports design, modeling, synthesis, and characterization of promising new compositions based on Dy3+, Al3+, and Ce4+‐doped YSZ that consist of the tetragonal structure and have an enhanced thermal expansion than 8YSZ. The intrinsic CTE at the atomic level has been investigated via molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The atomic scale analysis provides new insights into the enhanced doping effects of multiple trivalent and tetravalent cations on the lattice structure, lattice energy, and thermal expansion in ZrO2. The calculated lattice energy becomes smaller with the incorporation of Dy3+, Al3+, and Ce4+ions, which corresponds strongly to the increase in CTE. The crystalline size is reduced due to the incorporation of the Al3+ and Ce4+, whereas the sintering resistance is enhanced ascribed to the addition of Dy3+ and Al3+. Doping Dy3+, Al3+, and Ce4+ cations to YSZ increased the CTE value of YSZ and for Dy0.03Y0.075Zr0.895O1.948, the CTE is 12.494 × 10−6°C−1 at 900°C, which has an 11% increase, as compared with that of 8YSZ.
Thermodynamic modeling and experimental investigation of the MgO‐Y2O3‐ZrO2 system
Authors: Roncallo Giacomo , Cacciamani Gabriele , Vacchieri Erica , Ilatovskaia Mariia , Saenko Ivan , Fabrichnaya Olga 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSolid‐state phase equilibria in the MgO‐Y2O3‐ZrO2 system as well as the equilibria including liquid were investigated in the whole‐compositional range using high‐temperature differential thermal analysis (DTA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Isothermal sections at 1493, 1573, 1693, and 1923 K were constructed based on experimental studies. The presence of tie line between MgO and Y4Zr3O12 in the temperature range between 1493 and 1573 K was confirmed. The eutectic melting in the MgO‐Y2O3‐ZrO2 system was established using DTA followed by SEM/EDX microstructure investigation. Based on the obtained experimental results, the thermodynamic database was derived.
Association between retinal arterial narrowing and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in masked hypertensives
Authors: Huang Huiling , Cao Yalin , Li Jiayong , Liu Chen , Owusu‐Agyeman Marvin , Chen Baolin , Li Ling , Du Fawang , Hu Xingwei , Liu Yanqiu , Ye Min , Dong Bin , Xue Ruicong , Dong Yugang , Yao Fengjuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMorphological change in retinal vessel diameters has been reported to be associated with negative cardiovascular outcomes, but its association with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is not clear. This study aimed to examine the association between echocardiographic markers of LVDD and retinal vascular diameters, in untreated masked hypertension (MH). In this observational study, 105 MH patients without other cardiovascular risks were included (mean age 48.4 ± 5.7, female 72.4%). All individuals underwent extensive clinical and laboratory investigations, including echocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and retinal vascular diameters measured by optical coherence tomography. In the group, LVDD was diagnosed in 36 participants evaluated by left ventricular volume index, E/A and E/e’ ratio. Compared to non‐LVDD, LVDD subjects displayed narrower retinal arteriolar diameter (139.1 ± 33.8 vs 165.1 ± 29.1; adjusted P = .007) and wider retinal venular diameter (237.9 ± 42.2 vs 214.9 ± 44.8; adjusted P = .045). Significant and independent associations were demonstrated for retinal arteriolar narrowing and E/A ratio (adjusted β = 0.744, P = .031) and for retinal arteriolar diameter and E/e’ ratio (adjusted β = −0.158, P = .001) after controlling for age, gender, body mass index, ambulatory systolic blood pressure, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and retinal venular diameter. In untreated MH subjects, retinal arteriolar diameter, a marker of microvascular damage, was independently associated with echocardiographic markers of diastolic dysfunction. These findings might underscore the hypothesis that microvascular disease could contribute to cardiac remodeling.
Interplay between vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism and smoking influences Porphyromonas gingivalis proportions in subgingival plaque
Authors: Torrungruang Kitti , Chantarangsu Soranun , Sura Thanyachai , Thienpramuk Lalitsara 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThis cross‐sectional study investigated the effect of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism and its interactions with smoking/drinking on the proportions of periodontal pathogens and periodontitis severity.Materials and MethodsFokI genotyping and bacterial quantification were performed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Periodontitis severity was determined using mean clinical attachment level (CAL). Regression analyses examined the associations between the FokI polymorphism (rs2228570) and bacterial proportions or periodontitis severity. Effect modification by smoking or drinking was assessed.ResultsThe study population comprised 1,460 individuals, aged 39–66 years. After multivariable adjustment, the FokI risk genotypes (CC + CT) were associated with elevated Porphyromonas gingivalis proportions (regression coefficient (β) =0.294 ± 0.139; p = .034) and increased mean CAL (β = 0.130 ± 0.048; p = .007). The effect of the FokI polymorphism on P. gingivalis proportions was greater in smokers (β = 0.897 ± 0.328; p = .006) compared to non‐smokers (β = 0.164 ± 0.153; p = .282) and in drinkers (β = 0.668 ± 0.242; p = .006) compared to non‐drinkers (β = 0.114 ± 0.169; p = .500). The genotype*smoking interaction for P. gingivalis proportions was significant (p = .043), whereas the genotype*drinking interaction was not (p = .061). Similar results were found for the effect of the genotype*smoking/drinking interaction on mean CAL.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the interplay between the host genotype and smoking is important in determining the subgingival microbial composition and periodontitis severity.
Genetic and environmental influences on the developmental trajectory of callous‐unemotional traits from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Takahashi Yusuke , Pease Christopher R. , Pingault Jean‐Baptiste , Viding Essi 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThis study examined the genetic and environmental influences underlying baseline level and developmental course of callous–unemotional (CU) traits across childhood and adolescence.MethodsThe data on 8,958 twin pairs (3,108 MZ twin pairs and 5,850 DZ twin pairs) from the Twins Early Development Study were analysed. CU traits were assessed at ages 7, 9, 12 and 16 by mothers and analysed using a biometric latent growth model.ResultsIndividual differences in the baseline level of CU traits were highly heritable (76.5%), while the heritability of the developmental course of CU traits was moderate (43.6%). The genetic influences on baseline level and developmental course of CU traits were mostly nonoverlapping. Nonshared environment made a modest contribution to the baseline level of CU traits (21.7%). Nonshared environmental influences on the developmental course of CU traits were moderate (43.2%), with nearly half of them being the same as those influencing the baseline level and just over half being specific. Shared environmental effects did not contribute to systematic change across childhood and adolescence but were rather age‐specific.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that rather than only being conceptualized as factors of stability, genes also play a dynamic role in explaining systematic change in CU traits. Genetic effects for the initial risk and subsequent development of CU traits are not the same. In addition to genetic factors, nonshared environmental influences play an important role in explaining why some children will increase or maintain their CU traits over time, whereas other will desist. New genetic and environmental influences with age suggest that repeated, age‐tailored interventions may be required throughout development to make a lasting difference in the presentation of CU traits and associated outcomes.
Dietary specificity and overlap in endorheic river fishes: How do native and nonnative species compare?
Authors: Minder Mario , Arsenault Emily R. , Erdenee Bolortsetseg , Pyron Mark 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe introduction of nonnative species is one of the most critical problems facing freshwater systems today. The rivers of the Great Basin (USA) have been particularly imperilled by nonnative species introductions and represent a valuable location to study the dietary trends of native and nonnative fishes in isolated, endorheic systems. We collected fish from 23 sites, spanning three Great Basin watersheds (Carson, Humboldt and Bear Rivers) and two elevation categories (upland and lowland). Only a single species (speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus) occurred in both elevation zones. Diet item analyses of over 500 fish stomachs indicated significant dietary overlaps between native and nonnative fishes and detailed dietary selectivity for all species. This finding, along with the low species diversity observed in the region, suggests low dietary niche diversity, which could have the potential to amplify the competitive impacts of nonnatives on native species. In upland sites, nonnative trouts were the dominant invaders, while in lowland sites warm‐water nonnatives were prevalent. The management implications we recommend based on our results urge for continued monitoring of water temperature and species occurrences to predict if dietary overlaps observed in this study are likely to change in the future.Significance StatementThe Great Basin is an ideal endorheic region to study dietary trends in native and nonnative fishes. These trends are important in predicting competitive interactions among fishes. By looking at the diets of fishes within this region we were able to identify multiple significant overlaps among native and nonnative fishes. These results represent a baseline for future studies in the region as well as being comparable to other regions with similar invasive/native overlaps.
Efficient computation of environmentally extended input–output scenario and circular economy modeling
Authors: Çetinay Hale , Donati Franco , Heijungs Reinout , Sprecher Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIndustrial ecology tools are increasingly being used in ways that require high computational times. In the policy arena, this becomes problematic when practitioners want to live‐test various alternatives in a responsive and web‐based platform. In research, computational times come into play when analyzing large systems with multiple interventions or when requiring many runs for, for example, Monte Carlo simulations. We demonstrate how the computational time of a number of commonly used industrial ecology tools can be reduced significantly, potentially by multiple orders of magnitude. Our case study was the optimization of scenario calculations in Environmentally Extended Input–Output Analysis (EEIOA). Instead of recalculating the Leontief inverse after individual changes to the interindustry relations, as is done traditionally in EEIOA scenario analysis, we give formulations to find the total value of the change in the environmental indicators in one calculation step. We illustrate these novel formulations both for a simple hypothetical system and for the full EXIOBASE EEIO model. The use of explicit formulas decreases the computational time to the degree that it becomes possible to carry out these analyses in live or web‐based environments. For our case study, we find an improvement of up to four orders of magnitude.
The development of hearing abilities in the shark Scyliorhinus canicula
Authors: Parmentier Eric , Banse Marine , Boistel Renaud , Compère Philippe , Bertucci Frédéric , Colleye Orphal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe few works on audition in sharks and rays concern only adult specimens. We report the hearing abilities in the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula at different stages, from embryos that still have their yolk sac inside their egg, to juveniles. Hearing development corresponds to an increase in the frequency range from 100−300 Hz in early pre‐hatching stages to 100–600 Hz in juveniles. Modifications in hearing abilities correspond to the development of the brain, the increase of the volume of the membranous labyrinth, the growth of the sensory epithelium, and the development of stereocilia in addition to kinocilium before hatching. This work offers solid insights into the development of hearing abilities that usually can only be inferred from the anatomy of vertebrates or after birth/hatching. It shows also that shark can be sensitive to background noise during development.
Legal vs. illegal injectable fillers: The adverse effects comparison study
Authors: Chayangsu Onjuta , Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima , Pattanaprichakul Penvadee , Hidajat Inneke Jane , Evangelista Kristy Elleza R. , Manuskiatti Woraphong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundOver the past decades, soft‐tissue filler injections have become an essential part of cosmetic practice worldwide. Due to the increasing demand, unlicensed practitioners venture in performing this minimally invasive procedure, injecting illegal fillers that pose serious complications.ObjectivesTo compare the adverse effects of legal and illegal soft‐tissue fillers injected by licensed and unlicensed practitioners.Materials and methodsA 10‐year retrospective, descriptive, single‐center study conducted at the outpatient dermatology department and skin laser center at Siriraj Hospital from January 2009 to December 2019. Patients were identified as having treatment‐related complications. Their demographic data, clinical history, and injection history were reviewed.ResultsForty patients with mean age of 37 years old were included in the study. Thirty‐five of them (87.5%) were female. Illegal soft‐tissue fillers were used in 28 patients (70%) and were performed by unlicensed practitioners (18 cases, 64.3%, P = .001). Adverse effects from illegal fillers (26 cases, 92.9%) developed longer than legal fillers (7 cases, 58.3%) (P = .017). Symptoms significantly lasted longer in patients injected with illegal fillers, 10 (0.07‐288) weeks, as compared to patients injected with legal fillers 0.75 (0.14‐72) weeks (P = .01). Injections from illegal fillers resulted to foreign body reaction (22 cases, 78.6%) and infections (6 cases, 21.4%). Vascular complications were identified in legal fillers injections (5 cases, 41.7%).ConclusionsThe incidence of adverse effects and complications from soft‐tissue filler injections are superior when performed by novice injectors and unlicensed practitioners using illegal fillers. Proper training of filler injections, selection of appropriate fillers, and early recognition of adverse effects are critically important to the success of treatments.
Hubristic Start‐up Founders – The Neglected Bright and Inevitable Dark Manifestations of Hubristic Leadership in New Venture Creation Processes
Authors: Sundermeier Janina , Gersch Martin , Freiling Jörg 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe hubris tradition of research has been criticized for limiting its scope by associating hubris predominantly with detrimental leadership behaviours. To counteract this bias, we provide a more nuanced exploration of hubris and consider both beneficial and detrimental manifestations of hubris in start‐up founders’ leadership behaviours. Our analysis, based on qualitative data from expert interviews and two case studies, indicates that, whilst hubristic start‐up founders are likely to fail overall, they also excel in creating and communicating visionary scenarios, steering employees through critical situations, and extracting commitment from third parties. These under‐researched ‘bright’ manifestations of hubris allow start‐up founders to lead their venture towards a stage, in which their visionary power and resilience become crucial prerequisites for economic progress. Our findings extend knowledge on hubristic leadership, offer new directions for the hubris tradition of research, and open up avenues for future research with a more balanced view of hubris.
Nociceptive responses in melatonin MT2 receptor knockout mice compared to MT1 and double MT1/MT2 receptor knockout mice
Authors: Posa Luca , Lopez‐Canul Martha , Rullo Laura , De Gregorio Danilo , Dominguez‐Lopez Sergio , Kaba Aboud Matthew , Caputi Francesca Felicia , Candeletti Sanzio , Romualdi Patrizia , Gobbi Gabriella 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMelatonin, a neurohormone that binds to two G protein‐coupled receptors MT1 and MT2, is involved in pain regulation, but the distinct role of each receptor has yet to be defined. We characterized the nociceptive responses of mice with genetic inactivation of melatonin MT1 (MT1−/−), or MT2 (MT2−/−), or both MT1/MT2 (MT1−/−/MT2−/−) receptors in the hot plate test (HPT), and the formalin test (FT). In HPT and FT, MT1−/− display no differences compared to their wild‐type littermates (CTL), whereas both MT2−/− and MT1−/−/MT2−/− mice showed a reduced thermal sensitivity and a decreased tonic nocifensive behavior during phase 2 of the FT in the light phase. The MT2 partial agonist UCM924 induced an antinociceptive effect in MT1−/− but not in MT2−/− and MT1−/−/MT2−/− mice. Also, the competitive opioid antagonist naloxone had no effects in CTL, whereas it induced a decrease of nociceptive thresholds in MT2−/− mice. Our results show that the genetic inactivation of melatonin MT2, but not MT1 receptors, produces a distinct effect on nociceptive threshold, suggesting that the melatonin MT2 receptor subtype is selectively involved in the regulation of pain responses.