bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral sleep electroencephalographic correlates of sleep efficiency, and discrepancies between actigraphy and self‐reported measures, in older men
Authors: Smagula Stephen F. , Sofer Tamar , Guo Na , Prerau Michael , Purcell Shaun , Mariani Sara , Yaffe Kristine , Redline Susan , Stone Katie L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDiscrepancies between actigraphic and self‐reported sleep measures are common. Studies of people with insomnia, in whom both sleep disturbances and discrepancy are common, suggest disturbances and discrepancy reflect differences in the sleeping brain's activity measurable using spectral electroencephalogram (EEG). Disentangling effects of discrepancy and disturbance on sleep EEG could help target research on the consequences and treatments of different sleep phenotypes. We therefore categorized participants in a cohort study including 2,850 men (average age = 76 years, standard deviation = 5.5) into four groups using median splits on actigraphic and self‐reported sleep efficiency (SE). We compared spectral power between these groups in 1‐Hz bins up to 24 Hz. Compared with the concordant‐high SE group: (a) the group with high actigraphic and low self‐reported SE had higher spectral power from 11–15 Hz across the night; (b) both groups with low actigraphic SE had higher power across the 15–24 Hz range, predominantly in early cycles, and greater slow frequency power in later cycles. These findings suggest that perceived wakefulness undetected by actigraphy may result from or drive activity corresponding to spindles. We also found, consistent with hyperarousal models, that low SE detectable via actigraphy was related to higher frequency power in the beta range; actigraph‐measured inefficiency was also associated with later slow oscillations, potentially representing attempts to dissipate homeostatic drive elevated from earlier hyperarousal. These distinct spectral EEG markers (of low SE measured with actigraphy vs. low perceived SE that is not captured by actigraphy) may have different causes or consequences.
Human capital acquisition as a competitive response to the promotion distortion
Authors: Zax Ori 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWaldman shows that under the assumption that prospective employers observe whether a worker was promoted, but cannot observe his ability, the promotion policy is inefficient. In the current paper, we show that human capital acquisition made after the players (both worker and employer) observe the worker's ability reduces this inefficiency, even though such an investment is not optimal in some setups.
Geographic variation in the genetic basis of resistance to leaf rust between locally adapted ecotypes of the biofuel crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)
Authors: VanWallendael Acer , Bonnette Jason , Juenger Thomas E. , Fritschi Felix B. , Fay Philip A. , Mitchell Robert B. , Lloyd‐Reilley John , Rouquette Francis M. , Bergstrom Gary C. , Lowry David B. 
Published: March 2020

Summary

Local adaptation is an important process in plant evolution, which can be impacted by differential pathogen pressures along environmental gradients. However, the degree to which pathogen resistance loci vary in effect across space and time is incompletely described.

To understand how the genetic architecture of resistance varies across time and geographic space, we quantified rust (Puccinia spp.) severity in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) plantings at eight locations across the central USA for 3 yr and conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for rust progression.

We mapped several variable QTLs, but two large‐effect QTLs which we have named Prr1 and Prr2 were consistently associated with rust severity in multiple sites and years, particularly in northern sites. By contrast, there were numerous small‐effect QTLs at southern sites, indicating a genotype‐by‐environment interaction in rust resistance loci. Interestingly, Prr1 and Prr2 had a strong epistatic interaction, which also varied in the strength and direction of effect across space.

Our results suggest that abiotic factors covarying with latitude interact with the genetic loci underlying plant resistance to control rust infection severity. Furthermore, our results indicate that segregating genetic variation in epistatically interacting loci may play a key role in determining response to infection across geographic space.
Myopia management in the Netherlands
Authors: CW Klaver Caroline , Polling Jan Roelof ,   Erasmus Myopia Research Group
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeA trend that myopia is becoming gradually more common is shown in studies worldwide. Highest frequencies have been found in East Asian urban populations (96.5%) but also a study in Europe shows that nearly half of the 25‐29 year olds has myopia. With the increase in prevalence, high myopia, i.e. a spherical equivalent of ‐6 or more and an axial length of 26 mm or more is also on the rise. High myopia particularly carries a significant risk of ocular pathology related to the long axial length. This highlights the need for myopia management in children with progressive myopia, in particular progression to high myopia.Recent findingsDuring the last decade, many intervention studies for myopia progression have emerged. Although lifestyle adjustments are effective, pharmacological and optical interventions have shown the highest efficacy on reduction of eye growth. High concentration atropine (0.5%‐1.0%) shows the most reduction in axial length progression, but has drawbacks of light sensitivity and loss of accommodation. Nevertheless, when these side effects are mitigated by multifocal photochromatic glasses, the long‐term adherence to high dose atropine is high. Lower concentrations of atropine are less effective, but have less side effects. Studies on optical interventions have reported reduction of progression for Ortho‐K and multifocal contact lenses, but are in need for replication in larger studies with longer duration.SummaryThe field of myopia management is rapidly evolving, and a position on the best approach for daily clinics is desirable. Over the last 10 years, our team of clinical researchers has developed a strategy which involves decision‐making based on age, axial length, position on the axial length growth chart, progression rate, risk of high myopia, risk profile based on lifestyle and familial risk, side effects, and individual preference. This personalised approach ensures the most optimal long‐term myopia control, and helps fight against visual impairment and blindness in the next generations of elderly.
Optimal Level of Femoral Neck for Predicting Postoperative Stem Anteversion in Total Hip Arthroplasty for Crowe Type I Dysplastic Hip
Authors: Yu Degang , Zhai Zanjing , Zhang Jingwei , Zhu Zhenan , Li Huiwu , Yan Mengning , Mao Yuanqing 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the optimal level of femoral neck for measuring femoral anteversion to predict postoperative stem anteversion in Crowe type I developmental dysplasia of the hip.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 108 Crowe type I hips that underwent THA between January 2016 and December 2017, including 70 women and 19 men with a mean age of 63.08 ± 9.13 (range, 41–83) years. The single‐wedge stem was used in 37 hips, the double‐wedge stem was used in 71 hips. Computed tomography scans were performed pre‐ and post‐operation. Femoral anteversion at six levels of the proximal femur were measured via preoperative two‐dimensional computed tomography. Femoral anteversion at the level of the femoral neck osteotomy plane and postoperative stem anteversion were measured via three‐dimensional reconstructed models.ResultsThe mean follow‐up period was 18.5 months (range, 12–27). The mean preoperative Harris Hip Score was 51.5 ± 8.7 and improved to 90.4 ± 7.8 (P < 0.001) by the last follow‐up. There were no intraoperative fractures, and no infections occurred during the follow‐up period. Two patients developed deep venous thrombosis. There was no sign of prosthetic loosening in all hips. No significant correlations were found between the height of the femoral neck osteotomy plane and postoperative stem anteversion (r = −0.119, P = 0.220). Femoral anteversion decreased gradually from 64.00° ± 10.51° at the center of lesser trochanter to 15.21° ± 13.31° at the head–neck junction, which was changed from more to less than stem anteversion (24.37° ± 13.86°). The femoral anteversion at femoral head–neck junction (15.21° ± 13.31°) was significantly less than postoperative stem anteversion (P = 0.000), with a difference of −9.16° ± 9.27°. The femoral anteversion at the level of the osteotomy plane (28.48° ± 15.34°) was significantly more than the postoperative stem anteversion (P = 0.000), with a difference of 4.11° ± 9.56°. Among all six levels and the level of osteotomy, femoral anteversion at the 10‐mm level above the proximal base of lesser trochanter (22.65 ± 12.92) displayed the smallest difference (−1.72° ± 8.90°) and a good correlation (r = 0.764) with postoperative stem anteversion for all 108 hips, with a moderate correlation of 0.465 for single‐wedge stem hips and an excellent correlation of 0.821 for double‐wedge stem hips.ConclusionFor Crowe type I hips, femoral anteversion would be different if it was measured via different levels of the femoral neck. The 10‐mm level above the proximal base of the lesser trochanter could be an optimum choice for measuring femoral anteversion to predict postoperative stem anteversion.
Does organizational performance affect employee turnover? A re‐examination of the turnover–performance relationship
Authors: Wang Weijie , Sun Rusi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA common problem with using organizational performance as the dependent variable is the ignoring of feedback effect. The current conceptualization of the turnover–performance relationship is mostly unidirectional, focusing on how turnover affects organizational performance. Only a few scholars have investigated the possible reverse relationship between turnover and performance. Aiming to further the research on the feedback effect of organizational performance, this study employed cross‐lagged structural equation models that are especially suitable for modelling the possible reverse relationships between variables. Data were collected from public elementary and middle schools in New York City over a three‐year period. The results consistently show that organizational performance was negatively related to subsequent employee turnover. This research contributes to the development of a more valid and comprehensive understanding of the relationship between employee turnover and organizational performance.
Recurrent sterile abscesses in a case of X‐linked neutropenia
Authors: Biggs Catherine M. , Modi Bhavi , Steinraths Michelle , Del Bel Kate , Pourshahnazari Persia , Griffiths Cameron , Forrest David M. , Prendiville Julie , Dutz Jan P. , Turvey Stuart E. , Cameron Scott B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCutaneous manifestations are common in monogenic immune disorders, including both infectious and non‐infectious etiologies. We report follow‐up of a case initially published in Pediatric Dermatology in 2001 of a 13‐year‐old boy with a history of inflammatory skin lesions and neutropenia who developed neutrophilic dermatoses precipitated by G‐CSF. Whole exome sequencing performed at 36 years of age revealed a gain‐of‐function mutation in the WAS gene, leading to a diagnosis of X‐linked neutropenia. This case report provides closure on a decades‐long diagnostic odyssey and underscores the importance of genetic sequencing in patients who present with unusual dermatologic findings.
Colorimetric analysis of images in the follow‐up of infantile hemangiomas
Authors: Abagge Kerstin Taniguchi , Sandri Camila de Oliveira , Sakai Luan Seiji Minuk , Mussato Lucas Pereira , Petterle Ricardo Rasmussen , Oliveira de Carvalho Vânia Oliveira 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesInfantile hemangiomas (IH) are common vascular tumors that appear early in life, have a rapid proliferative phase and slowly involute. There are no standardized ways to evaluate the regression of these lesions. We propose a colorimetric analysis of photographs to allow a more precise determination of IH treatment response and involution.MethodsPatients 1‐10 months of age with superficial or mixed IH were included. The lesions were managed with 0.5% topical timolol ophthalmic solution. Patients were followed for 16 weeks with 6 evaluations each. Photographic images were taken with a red and green circle placed beside each hemangioma. The photographs were treated as to equalize the size, color, and brightness among them based on the colors of the two circles. A grading scale was established based on the color of the patient skin (0) and the color of the hemangioma at the beginning of treatment (100) by pixel analysis using Adobe Photoshop® software.ResultsA total of 17 patients 1 to 10 months of age were included, of whom 16 were girls (94%). Fourteen lesions were superficial, and 3 were mixed IH. The median time prior to initiation of treatment was 105 days (44‐232). All lesions showed some degree of clearing. The mean of lightening of color intensity observed was of 45% (17%‐74%) over the period of follow‐up.ConclusionsThe colorimetric analysis of the digital images allowed an accurate and objective evaluation of IH clearing.
Trauma, substance use, and mental health symptoms in transitional age youth experiencing homelessness
Authors: Dawson‐Rose Carol , Shehadeh Deena , Hao Jennifer , Barnard Jasmine , Khoddam‐Khorasani Ladan (Ladi) , Leonard Adam , Clark Kristen , Kersey Eva , Mousseau Haley , Frank Julie , Miller Aaron , Carrico Adam , Schustack Amy , Cuca Yvette P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis descriptive study examined the prevalence and correlates of trauma, substance use, and mental health symptoms in homeless transitional age youth (TAY) in San Francisco.Design & SampleOne hundred homeless TAY were recruited from a community‐based organization to complete a survey on trauma, mental health symptoms, and substance use.MeasurementsWe used these measures: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)‐Modified Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) for frequency and risk level of substance use; the 10‐item Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) for prevalence of trauma; the Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM‐5 for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms; Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for depression symptoms; and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7‐item for anxiety symptoms.ResultsAlmost all (n = 98) participants experienced at least one ACE during childhood, and 77% experienced four or more. Most participants (80%) reached the diagnostic threshold for PTSD, 74% for depression, and 51% for moderate anxiety. Symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression were all significantly correlated with use of opioids and stimulants.ConclusionTrauma, and co‐occurring substance use and mental health problems are prevalent among homeless TAY. Individual‐ and community‐level interventions are needed to address and improve the health of this population.
Features of metabolic regulation revealed by transcriptomic adaptions driven by long‐term elevated pCO2 in Chaetoceros muelleri
Authors: Liang Chengwei , Zhang Yufei , Wang Lu , Shi Lei , Xu Dong , Zhang Xiaowen , Ye Naihao 
Published: March 2020

SummaryOcean acidification caused by the rise of anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) is expected to influence many marine species, especially phytoplankton. Diatoms, a key group of phytoplankton, play vital roles in global carbon fixation and natural food webs. Currently, little is known about their adaptive responses to long‐term acidification. In this study, physiological and transcriptomic approaches were combined to explore the mechanisms by which Chaetoceros muelleri can endure long‐term acidification. Physiological changes were significantly affected by long‐term elevated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) levels. Drastic changes in lipid content and composition were observed under both short‐ and long‐term high‐pCO2 stresses. Changes in the transcriptome revealed that a wide range of cellular and metabolic processes were differentially affected. A global upregulation of genes involved in the Calvin cycle, glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis and nitrogen metabolism occurred under long‐term acidification. Thus, C. muelleri may have evolved new features to adapt to the elevated pCO2 level. Calvin cycle and nitrogen metabolic mechanisms may play roles in new molecular strategies to survive increasingly acidified waters in the future.
Survey attrition after 15 years of tracking children in four developing countries: The Young Lives study
Authors: Sánchez Alan , Escobal Javier 
Published: March 2020

AbstractYoung Lives (YL) is a multicountry, birth cohort study that, over a period of 15 years, followed nearly 8,000 individuals born in 2001–2002 and 4,000 individuals born in 1994–1995 in Ethiopia, India (states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana), Peru, and Vietnam. This study aims to document attrition in the YL samples, to identify the correlates of attrition, and to test for attrition bias. The cumulative year‐to‐year attrition rate is 0.5% and 0.8% for the younger and older cohorts, respectively, among the lowest attrition rates in longitudinal studies in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Attrition rates vary by household wealth, area of residence, and ethnicity/caste across countries. Attrited individuals in Peru are poor and those in other countries are wealthier. When analyzing a set of nutritional and cognitive outcomes, suggestive evidence of attrition bias exists, part of which is driven by child mortality. Even though attrition is very low, our findings highlight the importance of controlling for household socioeconomic characteristics when performing statistical analysis of the YL samples. The study also highlights key insights that can be helpful to reduce attrition or ameliorate its effects in other longitudinal studies.
Labor market structure and offshoring
Authors: Shin Sangwha , Davidson Carl 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe consider a two‐country, two‐sector model in which a firm’s offshoring decision depends on labor market rigidities that impose additional costs on the firm. Firms endogenously choose their organizational form considering their productivity level and organizational costs. The costs generated by labor market frictions play a key role in determining the benefits of each organizational structure, and thus helps determine the conditions under which a firm decides to offshore. There are three different types of equilibria depending on the relative levels of the domestic and foreign labor market costs and the price of the intermediate input. In all equilibria, a relative rise in the domestic labor market cost increases the share of firms that offshore, while decreasing domestic integration. Furthermore, an economy with offshoring has a higher welfare level and a lower unemployment rate than it would under autarky.
The role of echocardiography in prognosis for dysfunction and abandonment of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula in elderly Chinese patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Xiong Yuqin , Yu Yang , Zhang Chunle , Morris Emily , Wang Liya , Deng Yuchen , Li Yi , Fu Ping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the impact of cardiac structure and function at baseline on the outcomes associated with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in patients on hemodialysis (HD). Patients who initiated HD aged ≥70 years and received a mature AVF creation were included retrospectively. Echocardiographic parameters measured within 1 week before AVF creation were acquired. The observational period for each patient was from the point of AVF creation to the last time of follow‐up unless AVF abandonment or death occurred. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted. A total of 82 elderly Chinese HD patients with mature radiocephalic AVF (RCAVF) and EF ≥50% were analyzed. During the median study period of 26.8 (12‐40) months, 42 (51.2%) experienced RCAVF dysfunction and 34 (41.5%) progressed to abandonment. Primary and cumulative patencies at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months were 81%, 73%, 48%, 38%, and 84%, 81%, 68%, 55%, respectively. Left ventricle end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV) ≤103.5 mL (HR = 2.5, P = .019) and the right side of RCAVF (HR = 3.59, P = .003) significantly predicted RCAVF dysfunction. The main pulmonary artery internal diameter (MPAID) ≤21.5 mm (HR = 4.3, P = .001) as well as the right side (HR = 2.95, P = .047) were the independent predictors for RCAVF abandonment. In conclusion, LVEDV, MPAID assessed by echocardiography and the right side of RCAVF, showed significant predictive implications for the outcomes of RCAVF. Disparities among nationalities in the areas of utilization and patency of AVFs necessitate additional studies.
Simulated on‐call: time well spent
Authors: Misquita Lauren , Millar Lucy , Bartholomew Brent 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBackgroundNewly qualified doctors feel unprepared to take responsibility for patients and work independently, lacking confidence in skills essential during on‐calls. We designed this study to assess the educational value of simulated on‐calls and to explore the characteristics of this approach that contribute to improving students’ preparedness.MethodsA total of 38 final‐year medical students attended two sessions, each including a simulated on‐call followed by a one‐to‐one debriefing. Students’ confidence and perceived preparedness before and after the programme were measured using questionnaires. Students’ performance in two on‐call skills was also assessed during both sessions. Focus groups explored the challenges of preparing for on‐calls and how this approach enabled students to prepare.ResultsFollowing the programme, students felt significantly more confident in six key skills and significantly more prepared for on‐calls (p < 0.001). There was also a significant improvement in students’ assessed performance in on‐call skills (p < 0.001). All students found it more useful preparation for on‐calls than seminars and shadowing on‐call doctors. They appreciated the opportunity to work independently and take responsibility in a stressful but safe environment. Having a second session and receiving one‐to‐one debriefing with personalised feedback enabled students to maximise their learning.DiscussionFollowing the programme, students had better insight into on‐call work and felt that the programme should be a mandatory part of training. The opportunity for students to consolidate learning through personalised feedback and a second session maximised the value of the programme, making the significant time commitment from the facilitators worthwhile.ConclusionsThis programme was feasible to run and its educational value supports its wider use.