bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indirect cholinergic activation slows down pancreatic cancer growth and tumor-associated inflammation
Authors: Pfitzinger Paulo L. , Fangmann Laura , Wang Kun , Demir Elke , Gürlevik Engin , Fleischmann-Mundt Bettina , Brooks Jennifer , D'Haese Jan G. , Teller Steffen , Hecker Andreas , Jesinghaus Moritz , Jäger Carsten , Ren Lei , Istvanffy Rouzanna , Kühnel Florian , Friess Helmut , Ceyhan Güralp O. , Demir Ihsan Ekin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Nerve-cancer interactions are increasingly recognized to be of paramount importance for the emergence and progression of pancreatic cancer (PCa). Here, we investigated the role of indirect cholinergic activation on PCa progression through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) via clinically available AChE-inhibitors, i.e. physostigmine and pyridostigmine.Methods: We applied immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, MTT-viability, invasion, flow-cytometric-cell-cycle-assays, phospho-kinase arrays, multiplex ELISA and xenografted mice to assess the impact of AChE inhibition on PCa cell growth and invasiveness, and tumor-associated inflammation. Survival analyses were performed in a novel genetically-induced, surgically-resectable mouse model of PCa under adjuvant treatment with gemcitabine+/-physostigmine/pyridostigmine (n=30 mice). Human PCa specimens (n=39) were analyzed for the impact of cancer AChE expression on tumor stage and survival.Results: We discovered a strong expression of AChE in cancer cells of human PCa specimens. Inhibition of this cancer-cell-intrinsic AChE via pyridostigmine and physostigmine, or administration of acetylcholine (ACh), diminished PCa cell viability and invasion in vitro and in vivo via suppression of pERK signaling, and reduced tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. In the novel genetically-induced, surgically-resectable PCa mouse model, adjuvant co-therapy with AChE blockers had no impact on survival. Accordingly, survival of resected PCa patients did not differ based on tumor AChE expression levels. Patients with higher-stage PCa also exhibited loss of the ACh-synthesizing enzyme, choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT), in their nerves.Conclusion: For future clinical trials of PCa, direct cholinergic stimulation of the muscarinic signaling, rather than indirect activation via AChE blockade, may be a more effective strategy.
Selective exosome exclusion of miR-375 by glioma cells promotes glioma progression by activating the CTGF-EGFR pathway
Authors: Xu Xiangdong , Liu Yang , Li Yan , Chen Huajian , Zhang Yuxuan , Liu Jie , Deng Shaokang , Zheng Yaofeng , Sun Xinlin , Wang Jihui , Chen Taoliang , Huang Min , Ke Yiquan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles of 40–150 nm in size, that are produced by many cell types, and play an important role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Exosome secretion allows for the selective removal of harmful substances from cells. However, it remains unclear whether this process also takes place in glioma cells.Methods: Herein, the role of the tumour-suppressor miR-375 was explored in human glioma cells. Immunoblotting and qRT-PCR experiments demonstrated a functional link between miR-375 and its target, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), which led to the identification of the underlying molecular pathways. The exosomes secreted by glioma cells were extracted by ultracentrifugation and examined by transmission electron microscopy. Exosomal expression of miR-375 was then analysed by qRT-PCR; while the exosome secretion inhibitor, GW4869, was used to examine the biological significance of miR-375 release. Moreover, the dynamics of miR-375 release by glioma cells was investigated using fluorescently labelled exosomes. Finally, exosomal miR-375 release was examined in an orthotopic xenograft model in nude mice.Results: MiR-375 expression was downregulated in gliomas. MiR-375 suppressed glioma proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting the CTGF-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling pathway. MiR-375-containing exosomes were also identified in human peripheral blood samples from glioma patients, and their level correlated with disease progression status. Exosomal miR-375 secretion impacted the CTGF-EGFR pathway activity. Once secreted, exosomal miR-375 was not taken back up by glioma cells.Conclusions: Exosomal miR-375 secretion allowed for sustained activation of the CTGF-EGFR oncogenic pathway, promoting the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. These findings enhance our understanding of exosome biology and may inspire development of new glioma therapies.
The Extent of Capacity Loss Caused by Rainfall at Signalised Intersections
Authors: Oyaro J. , Ben-Edigbe J. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Even though their physical characteristics exert a constant influence on capacity and saturation flows, signalized intersections are fixed facilities not affected by rainfall. Whilst traffic conditions with varying effects can be regulated, rainfall conditions cannot be regulated but compensated for by warning drivers to reduce speed. Speed reduction has an impact on signalised intersection capacity, whilst signalised intersection capacity is a function of saturation flow, effective green, and cycle time. In this paper, a capacity loss is the differential percentage between ‘with and without’ rainfall scenario.

Aim:
The paper investigated the extent of capacity loss caused by rainfall at signalised intersections.

Methods:
In Durban, South Africa, rainfall data were collected, collated, and correlated with traffic data in a 'with and without' rainfall intensity study. Rainfall intensity was classified according to the rate of precipitation as follows; rainfall intensity(i): light rain (i <2.5mm/h); Moderate rain (2.5mm/h ≤ i < 10mm/h), and heavy rain (10 ≤ i ≤ 50mm/h) as prescribed by the World Meteorological Society.

Results:
Empirical results show that rainfall intensity has an effect on road capacity at a signalised intersection. Generally, for the vehicles going straight, light rain caused a 4.25% capacity loss; moderate rain 9.18% while heavy rain caused an 11.53% capacity reduction. With right-turning vehicles, light rain caused 7.38% capacity loss; moderate rain caused 14.3%, while heavy rain accounted for 19.15% capacity reduction.

Conclusion:
The paper concluded that rainfall at signalised intersections would cause an anomalous capacity reduction. Since the database for the study is small, the paper advocates for further studies based on a broader database to include yellow interval time.
Driver’s Drowsiness Detection Using Dlib and IoT
Authors: Kompalli Prasanna Lakshmi , Vallakati Padma , Nadimpalli Ganapathi Raju , Jain Vinod Mahesh , Annepogu Samuel 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Road accidents are a major cause of deaths worldwide. This is enormously
due to fatigue, drowsiness, and microsleep of the drivers. This does not just risk the life
of the driver and co-passengers but also a great threat to the vehicles and humans moving
around that vehicle.

Methods:
Research, online content, and previously published papers related to drowsiness are
reviewed. Using the facial landmarks in DAT file, the prototype locates and identifies the eye
coordinates, and then calculates Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR). The EAR indicates whether the driver
is drowsy or not based on the result of various sensors that get activated, such as an alarm generator,
LED indicators, LCD message scroll, message sent to the owner, and the engine that gets
locked.

Results:
The prototype is able to locate eyes in the frame and detect whether the person is
sleepy or not. Whenever the person is feeling drowsy, an alarm is generated in the cabinet, and
afterward , LED indicators will start glowing, messaging will be scrolling at the rear part of the
vehicle so that other vehicles and humans get cautioned. After this, the vehicle slows down, and
the engine gets locked.

Conclusion:
This prototype will help in the reduction of road accidents due to human intervention.
It is not only helpful to the person who installs it in their vehicle but also for the other vehicles
and humans moving around it.
SIMULASI BEBAN LALU LINTAS JEMBATAN BENTANG 40 M DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN DATA WEIGH IN MOTION (WIM)
Authors: Mahathir Mahathir , Suangga Made 
Published: December 2020

Vehicle load measurement technology continues to develop and one of them is the weigh in motion (WIM) load measurement technology. Weigh in motion (WIM) technology allow the measurement of vehicle load when vehicles moving, which is the actual load of traffic received by road and bridge. This study aims to compare the response of the bridge to the actual load of traffic from the WIM data with the standard load of SNI 1725:2016. This study using a composite steel girder bridge span 40 m, with WIM data of the Kaligawe Bridge in Semarang. Based on the characteristic of the vehicle axle load, class 40 namely the type of two-axle truck, has the largest axle load value 18 tons with an overload percentage 80%. Whereas based on the characteristic of the vehicle amount, class 30 namely the type of two-axle car, has the largest vehicle amount of 2296. The result of the 3D analysis of the bridge structure can be concluded that the WIM traffic data at Kaligawe Bridge Semarang obtained bending moment and shear force lower than the standard load of SNI 1725:2016. The ratio value of the maximum bending moment and shear force of WIM data traffic load to standard load of SNI 1725:2016 on 40 m span bridge are 0.93 and 0.96. This shows that the actual load of WIM data traffic has a load that is smaller than the standard load of SNI 1725: 2016. Keywords: bridge; design vehicle load; Monte Carlo simulation; weight in motion ABSTRAKTeknologi pengukuran beban kendaraan terus berkembang dan salah satunya adalah teknologi pengukuran beban kendaraan bergerak weigh in motion (WIM). Teknologi weigh in motion (WIM) memungkinkan pengukuran beban kendaraan dilakukan saat kendaraan melintas, yang merupakan beban aktual lalu lintas yang diterima oleh jalan dan jembatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan respons jembatan terhadap beban aktual lalu lintas dari data WIM dengan beban rencana Standar SNI 1725:2016. Jembatan yang diteliti adalah jembatan gelagar baja komposit bentang 40 m, dengan menggunakan data WIM Jembatan Kaligawe Semarang. Berdasarkan karakteristik beban sumbu kendaraan, golongan 40 yaitu jenis kendaraan truk dua sumbu memiliki nilai beban sumbu terbesar 18 ton dengan persentase overload sebesar 80%. Sedangkan berdasarkan karakteristik jumlah kendaraan, golongan 30 yaitu jenis kendaraan mobil dua sumbu memiliki jumlah kendaraan sebesar 2296. Hasil analisis 3D struktur jembatan dapat disimpulkan bahwa beban aktual lalu lintas data WIM Jembatan Kaligawe Semarang menghasilkan momen lentur dan gaya geser yang lebih rendah dari beban standar SNI 1725:2016. Nilai rasio momen lentur dan gaya geser maksimum beban aktual lalu lintas data WIM terhadap beban standar SNI 1725:2016 pada jembatan bentang 40 m berturut-turut adalah 0.93 dan 0.96. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa beban aktual lalu lintas data WIM memiliki beban yang lebih kecil dari beban standar SNI 1725:2016.
The role of polar organic components in dynamic crude oil adsorption on sandstones and carbonates
Authors: Piñerez Torrijos Iván Darío , Mamonov Aleksandr , Strand Skule , Puntervold Tina 
Published: December 2020

An appropriated wettability characterization is crucial for the successful implementation of waterflooding operations. Understanding how crude oil adsorption takes place on different mineral surfaces and how these processes impact reservoir wettability are essential aspects that can help unlock and produce large underground oil reserves.
Polar organic components (POC) present in crude oil are surface-active molecules with high affinity towards mineral surfaces. POCs are quantified by the acid and base numbers (AN and BN) with units of mgKOH/g. The POC adsorption behavior is highly influenced by the type of minerals and brines present in the reservoir system.
This study aims to shed light onto the most important features of oil adsorption on carbonates and sandstones mineral surfaces; particular attention is given to the role of acidic components. Therefore, outcrop sandstone and carbonate materials were used. The sandstone material contains various silicates, including quartz, Illite clay, and feldspars. The carbonate outcrop material came from the Stevns Klint quarry in Denmark and is considered a very pure calcium carbonate with minimum silicate impurities.
Dynamic adsorption tests were performed at 50°C by injecting low asphaltene crude oils into core plugs, and AN and BN values of the effluent oil samples were measured and compared with the influent oil values. Furthermore, spontaneous imbibition (SI) tests were performed to assess the wettability impact of crude oil injection in oil flooded cores.
The results showed that after crude oil injection, the cores became mix-wet. Confirmation of a reduction in capillary forces and a shift towards a less water-wet state was reported for both mineralogies, i.e., sandstones and carbonates. The acidic polar components had a substantial impact on carbonates wettability, while on sandstones, the experiments suggested that acidic polar components had a lower impact on wettability than that observed in the basic polar components.
Instructions on the Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
Authors: Kakarla Sri Charan , Ampatzidis Yiannis 
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on the appropriate use of Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles (UAV) or Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the State of Florida. All research and commercial activities involving the use of UAVs shall be conducted in compliance with applicable federal and state laws, statutes, and regulations. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has jurisdiction over all navigable airspace in the United States. All aircraft, whether manned or unmanned, are subject to FAA rules and regulations and violations carry severe federal penalties.
The FAA allows small (under 55 pounds) unmanned aircraft operated solely for hobby and recreational purposes to be flown under the rules and restrictions outlined in Section 336 of the FAA Modernization and Reform act of 2012 (Public Law 11295). Currently, the FAA considers the use of an unmanned aircraft for educational or training purposes to be commercial in nature.
Below, we provide step-by-step guidance for operating an UAV for commercial (or research) purpose.
Economic Contributions of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Food Industries in Florida in 2015
Authors: Hodges Alan W. , Rahmani Mohammad , Court Christa D. 
Published: December 2020

This analysis was conducted using the Implan regional
economic modeling system and associated state and
county databases (IMPLAN Group LLC) to estimate
economic multipliers and contributions for over 500
different industry sectors. Multipliers capture the indirect
and induced economic activity generated by re-spending of
income or sales revenues in a regional economy. A collection
of 121 industry sectors were included in the analysis
to represent the broad array of activities encompassed by
agricultural and natural-resource commodity production,
manufacturing, distribution and supporting services in
Florida. Economic contributions can be measured in terms
of employment, industry output, value added, exports,
labor income, other property income, and business taxes. A
glossary of economic terms used in this report is provided
following this summary.
Sirex Woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)­
Authors: Gomez Demian , Lucky Andrea , Hulcr Jiri 
Published: December 2020

Contents: Introduction - Distribution - Description - Biology - Hosts - Damage - Management - Selected References
Also available on the Featured Creatures website at http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/wasps/Sirex_noctilio.htm
Onsite Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems: Bacteria and Protozoa
Authors: Lusk Mary , Toor Gurpal S. , Obreza Tom 
Published: December 2020

Keeping disease-causing microorganisms out of groundwater used for drinking water supplies is important to protect human health. This 7-page fact sheet reports the sources of bacteria and protozoa in wastewater, discusses diseases associated with drinking water contaminated with wastewater, and then details their fate in septic systems. Written by Mary Lusk, Gurpal S. Toor, and Tom Obreza, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, July 2011. (Photo by Tara Piasio)
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss552
SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN PADA TOKO FAISAL ELEKTRONIK 2 INDRAGIRI HILIR BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Syariat M. , Samsudin  
Published: December 2020

Toko Faisal Elekonik 2 tempat saya melaksanakan Penelitian masih menggunakan sistem manual untuk penjualan dan pencatan. Metode penyelasaian masalah yaitu: menggunakan metode pengumpulan data, Observasi, Wawancara, Literatur. Setelah mengembangkan pada toko faisal elektronik 2, maka didapatkan hasil pengujian sistem yang dilakukan dengan metode black box dan white box, yang berguna untuk menguji kelayakan sistem yang telah dibuat, berdasarkan dari pengujian blackbox dan whitebox yang telah dilakukan terhadap sistem yang baru, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem yang telah dibuat tersebut sudah berjalan. Dengan adanya sistem ini mempermudahkan pekerjaan dapat selesai dengan cepat dan hasil yang sangat memuaskan. Sehubungan dengan hal itu, dibutuhkan web pada Toko Faisal Elekonik 2 untuk menyampaikan informasi ke calon pelanggan tentang profil Toko Faisal Elekonik 2, fasilitas,dan serta membuat para calon pelanggan Toko Faisal Elekonik 2 mudah untuk mengakses informasi-informasi dan informasi tentang barang-barang Elektronik yang ada di Toko Faisal Elekonik 2. Dengan itu para calon pelanggan tertarik untuk membeli kompnenen Elektronik yang ada di Toko Faisal Elekonik 2.
Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Bark Extract of Miliusa velutina (Dunal) Hook. f. & Thomson
Authors: Fahad Titumeer Al , Kuddus Md Ruhul , Hasan Choudhury M 
Published: December 2020

The main objective of the current research was phytochemical and biological studies of the stem bark of Miliusa velutina (Dunal) Hook. f. & Thomson (Annonaceae). Four purified compounds i.e., friedelin, lupeol, β- sitosterone and caffeic acid were isolated by repeated chromatographic separation and purification of M. velutina. The compounds were identified by analysis of NMR spectral data. The crude dichloromethane extract of stem bark of M. velutina (DEMV) along with its Kupchan partitionates i.e., petroleum ether (PESF), ethyl acetate (EASF), chloroform (CSF) and aqueous (AQSF) soluble fraction were screened for antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic and antibacterial activities. During the antioxidant activity assay, the AQSF revealed maximum activity with IC50 value of 71.67 μg/ml. The cytotoxicity of plant samples was determined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay, where the maximum cytotoxic activity has been observed for EASF (LC90 = 9.01 μg/ml). In the thrombolytic activity test, the crude dichloromethane extract demonstrated significant efficacy with 46.27% inhibition of clot lysis. In antibacterial screening, the CSF exhibited noticeable inhibitory activity against Shigella boydii with the zone of inhibition 15 mm compared to the standard ciprofloxacin (zone of inhibition = 47 mm).
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 19(2): 125-131, 2020 (December)
Condomless sex in Internet-based sex work: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Passos Taciana Silveira , Almeida-Santos Marcos Antonio 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Meta-analyze the proportion of condomless sex traded on the Internet according to the offer on websites advertising sex work and demand in customer forums; and to examine the relationship between condomless sex and the type of sex, target-group, gender and actors involved. Methodology: Data was collected from PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect from the inception of each database to 06 March 2020, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. The effect size was the proportion itself, and the dispersion was measured under 95% confidence intervals. Results: From 2041 articles, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria of the systematic review with 10,190 recruited individuals and 20,363 prostitution advertisements. The estimate of condomless sex trade was 0.25 (95%CI=0.17–0.34). The heterosexual-oral subgroup (0.35; 95%CI=0.18–0.52; p<0.001) and the clients (0.31; 95%CI=0.20–0.59; p=0.037) showed a significant increase in the proportion. Conclusion: The condomless sex trade was reported in one quarter of the population. Heterosexuals who practice oral sex and clients are the main predictors of condomless sex in the Internet-based sex work.
LIVED EXPERIENCES OF ELDERLY REMARRIED WIDOWS: ADJUSTMENT AND COPING TO NEW ROLES AS BI-PARENT
Authors: Mangarun Abdullah Junior Serad 
Published: December 2020

Background: At present, the existing studies which explore the factors influencing elderly widows to remarry and their achievement towards successful step-parenthood are limited. Remarriage and step-parenthood are integrated into the complexities of the social phenomena in human experiences, which entail coping and adjustments to life changes.
Objective: The study explored the lived experiences of elderly widows regarding coping and adjustments to remarriage and step-parenting as new roles.
Methods: The study made use of a phenomenological approach, particularly the transcendental approach, to have a better understanding of their lived-experience after remarriage. Self-made open-ended questions were raised in the series of interviews using interview guides. The study was conducted in Iligan City, Philippines, where all the six participants reside. Purposive sampling was used wherein participants are selected based on criteria necessary to answer the objectives of the study: (1) He/ she should be at least 60 years of age; (2) must be remarried after the death of the previous spouse; and, (3) must be a bi-parent. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis.
Result: Three themes emerged in all interviews: (1) adjusting to a new marital role, (2) sharing responsible parenthood, and (3) rewarding new parental role. Results highlighted bi-parenting among elderly widows as an aptly complex lived- experience as widows enter remarriage.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the remarried widows view life after remarriage with the new family and children as a positive experience despite the challenges. Remarriage and being with another family can improve the wellbeing of the elderly widows. Having children and a new partner around is an opportunity to bring back a complete family structure together. This research recommends further that the understanding of their experiences and phenomena should be the basis of identifying their status. Researchers and clinicians should provide essential information to elderly remarried widows about the healthy and proper coping and adjustment to this life-changing event.