bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic model of albumin infusion in septic shock: The EMAISS study
Authors: Guidet Bertrand , Ghout Idir , Ropers Jacques , Aegerter Philippe 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe cost‐effectiveness of albumin‐based fluid support in patients with septic shock is currently unknown.MethodsIn a simulation study, we compared standard medical practice and systematic 20% albumin infusion. The study population consisted of patients with septic shock admitted to one of the 28 ICUs belonging to the Cub‐Réa regional database between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016. Cost estimates were based on French diagnosis‐related groups and fixed daily prices. Estimation of mortality reduction relied on ALBIOS trial data documenting a Risk Ratio of 0.87 in a non‐preplanned subgroup of patients with septic shock. Life expectancy was estimated with follow up data of 184 patients with septic shock admitted in the year 2000 in the same ICUs. Several sensitivity analyses were performed including a one‐way Deterministic Sensitivity Analysis (DSA) and a Probabilistic multivariate Sensitivity Analysis (PSA).ResultsAbout 6406 patients were included. In the base‐case scenario, the mean live years gained with albumin was 0.49. The mean extra cost of using albumin was €480 per year. The cost per year gained was €974. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. The probability of albumin being cost‐effective was 95% and 97% for a threshold fixed at €20 000 and €30 000 per life‐year saved, respectively.ConclusionBased on the risk reduction observed in the septic shock subgroup analysis of the ALBIOS dataset, the application of the ALBIOS trial results to Cub‐Réa data may suggest that albumin infusion is likely cost‐effective in septic shock.
A comparison of the marginal gaps of lithium disilicate crowns fabricated by two different intraoral scanners
Authors: Kwong B , Dudley J 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess marginal gaps of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate crowns constructed using two different intraoral scanners of different generations.MethodsTwenty four Columbia model lower left molars were prepared for lithium disilicate crowns in a simulated environment by undergraduate students. The crown preparations were scanned by E4D and Trios 3 intraoral scanners and CAD/CAM lithium disilicate crowns designed and manufactured. The crowns were seated onto the original crown preparations and three vertical marginal gap measurements taken at four locations (mid‐buccal, mid‐lingual, mid‐mesial and mid‐distal) using a stereomicroscope. The mean marginal gap (MMG) was calculated for each crown and each individual tooth surface.ResultsThe MMG was not statistically significantly different for the Trios 3 and E4D scanners (P = 0.111). There was no statistically significant effect of measurement location on the tooth on the marginal gap (P = 0.1134).ConclusionsThere was no difference in the MMGs of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate crowns constructed using two different intraoral scanners of different generations. Within the limitations of this study, the advances in scanning technology have produced small and insignificant improvements in the accuracy of crown margins.
Atraumatic restorative treatments reduce the need for dental general anaesthesia: a non‐inferiority randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Arrow P , Forrest H 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundA dental general anaesthesia (DGA) is commonly undertaken for the management of dental caries in young children. A randomized‐controlled trial was undertaken to test the feasibility of using the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment and Hall Technique approaches (ART/HT) to manage the dental treatment of children recommended for a DGA.MethodsConsenting children, recommended a DGA for caries management, at the Oral Health Centre of Western Australia were randomized. Test group children were treated using the ART/HT approach and the control group under a DGA. Children were examined after 12 months by two blinded, calibrated examiners. Analysis was on an intention to treat basis; between and within group comparisons were undertaken using appropriate paired and unpaired tests. Logistic regression was used to test restorative success, controlling for clustering of teeth.ResultsSixty‐five children participated, (Test = 32; Control = 33). At study termination, 28 children (88%) in the ART/HT group and 20 children (61%) in the DGA group had been provided with care, P < 0.01. Crown restorations were protective of restorative failure in a multivariate logistic model (OR 0.05, P < 0.01).ConclusionUse of the ART/HT approach enabled timely dental treatment of young children recommended for a DGA, and should be among the treatment options considered.
International consensus definition of low anterior resection syndrome
Authors: Keane Celia , Fearnhead Nicola S. , Bordeianou Liliana G. , Christensen Peter , Espin Basany Eloy , Laurberg Søren , Mellgren Anders , Messick Craig , Orangio Guy R. , Verjee Azmina , Wing Kirsty , Bissett Ian P. ,   on behalf of the LARS International Collaborative Group
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundLow anterior resection syndrome (LARS) is pragmatically defined as disordered bowel function after rectal resection leading to a detriment in quality of life. This broad characterization does not allow for precise estimates of prevalence. The LARS score was designed as a simple tool for clinical evaluation of LARS. Although the LARS score has good clinical utility, it may not capture all important aspects that patients may experience. The aim of this collaboration was to develop an international consensus definition of LARS that encompasses all aspects of the condition and is informed by all stakeholders.MethodsThis international patient‐provider initiative used an online Delphi survey, regional patient consultation meetings and an international consensus meeting. Three expert groups participated: patients, surgeons and other health professionals from five regions (Australasia, Denmark, Spain, Great Britain and Ireland, and North America) and in three languages (English, Spanish and Danish). The primary outcome measured was the priorities for the definition of LARS.ResultsThree hundred and twenty‐five participants (156 patients) registered. The response rates for successive rounds of the Delphi survey were 86%, 96% and 99%. Eighteen priorities emerged from the Delphi survey. Patient consultation and consensus meetings refined these priorities to eight symptoms and eight consequences that capture essential aspects of the syndrome. Sampling bias may have been present, in particular, in the patient panel because social media was used extensively in recruitment. There was also dominance of the surgical panel at the final consensus meeting despite attempts to mitigate this.ConclusionsThis is the first definition of LARS developed with direct input from a large international patient panel. The involvement of patients in all phases has ensured that the definition presented encompasses the vital aspects of the patient experience of LARS. The novel separation of symptoms and consequences may enable greater sensitivity to detect changes in LARS over time and with intervention.
Spatial Poetics Under Authoritarianism: Graffiti and the Contestation of Urban Redevelopment in Contemporary China
Authors: Smith Nick R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the expression of resistance to urban redevelopment in the authoritarian context of contemporary China. Where conventional channels of public expression are closed, the very space of urban transformation becomes an important medium of contestation. Through the practice of “spatial poetics”, residents manipulate the taken‐for‐granted meanings attached to urban space, challenging the spatial codes that authorise redevelopment. Working across four spatial dimensions—territory, place, scale, and network—these poetic manipulations allow residents to de‐naturalise existing power structures, escape their effects, and re‐code space with alternative meanings. The article illustrates the practice of spatial poetics through an analysis of Ciqikou, a historic district of Chongqing undergoing redevelopment. Residents expressed their resistance to redevelopment by writing slogans on buildings slated for demolition. By emphasising relationships of scale, network, and place, residents’ graffiti challenged the territorial basis of the Chinese party‐state’s redevelopment project and revalorised the neighbourhood as worthy of preservation.
The ethics of ectogenesis‐aided foetal treatment
Authors: Segers Seppe , Pennings Guido , Mertes Heidi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we aim to stimulate ethical debate about the morally relevant connection between ectogenesis and the foetus as a potential beneficiary of treatment. Ectogenesis could facilitate foetal interventions by treating the foetus independently of the pregnant woman and provide easier access to the foetus if interventions are required. The moral relevance hereof derives from the observation that, together with other developments in genetic technology and prenatal treatment, this may catalyse the allocation of a patient status to the foetus. The topic of foetal medicine is of growing interest to clinicians, and it also deserves due attention from an ethical perspective. To the extent that these developments contribute to the allocation of a patient status to the foetus (and to its respective interests for medical treatment), normative questions arise about how moral responsibilities towards foetal interests should be balanced against the interests of the pregnant woman. We conclude that, even if ectogenesis could facilitate foetal therapy, it is important to remain sensitive to the fact that it would not circumvent the key ethical concerns that come with in utero foetal treatment and that it may even exacerbate potential conflicts between directive treatment recommendations and the pregnant woman’s autonomous decision to the contrary.
Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase promotes proliferation and bortezomib resistance through increasing reduced glutathione synthesis in multiple myeloma
Authors: Wu Xuan , Xia Jiliang , Zhang Jingyu , Zhu Yinghong , Wu Yangbowen , Guo Jiaojiao , Chen Shilian , Lei Qian , Meng Bin , Kuang Chunmei , Feng Xiangling , He Yanjuan , Shen Yi , Li Xin , Qiu Lugui , Li Guancheng , Zhou Wen 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe serine synthesis pathway (SSP) is active in multiple cancers. Previous study has shown that bortezomib (BTZ) resistance is associated with an increase in the SSP in multiple myeloma (MM) cells; however, the underlying mechanisms of SSP‐induced BTZ resistance remain unclear. In this study, we found that phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), the first rate‐limiting enzyme in the SSP, was significantly elevated in CD138+ cells derived from patients with relapsed MM. Moreover, high PHGDH conferred inferior survival in MM. We also found that overexpression of PHDGH in MM cells led to increased cell growth, tumour formation, and resistance to BTZ in vitro and in vivo, while inhibition of PHGDH by short hairpin RNA or NCT‐503, a specific inhibitor of PHGDH, inhibited cell growth and BTZ resistance in MM cells. Subsequent mechanistic studies demonstrated PHGDH decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) through increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis, thereby promoting cell growth and BTZ resistance in MM cells. Furthermore, adding GSH to PHGDH silenced MM cells reversed S phase arrest and BTZ‐induced cell death. These findings support a mechanism in which PHGDH promotes proliferation and BTZ resistance through increasing GSH synthesis in MM cells. Therefore, targeting PHGDH is a promising strategy for MM therapy.
The influence of Epstein‐Barr virus and cytomegalovirus on childhood respiratory health: A population‐based prospective cohort study
Authors: van Meel Evelien R. , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Reiss Irwin K. M. , van Zelm Menno C. , de Jongste Johan C. , Moll Henriëtte A. , Duijts Liesbeth 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection are common in early childhood. CMV infection favours a T‐helper‐1 and EBV infection a T‐helper‐2 cell response, possibly leading to disbalanced T‐helper cell response, and subsequent risk of asthma or atopy.ObjectiveTo study the associations of EBV and CMV with lung function, asthma and inhalant allergic sensitization at school age.MethodsThis study among 3546 children was embedded in a population‐based prospective cohort. At age 6 years, serum IgG levels against EBV and CMV were measured by ELISA. At age 10 years, lung function was measured by spirometry, asthma by questionnaire and inhalant allergic sensitization by skin prick test.ResultsUnadjusted models showed that seropositivity for EBV was associated with a higher FEV1 and FEF75 (Z‐score difference (95% CI): 0.09 (0.02, 0.16) and 0.09 (0.02, 0.15)), while seropositivity for CMV was not. Specific combinations of viruses showed that seropositivity for EBV was only associated with FEV1 and FEF75 in the presence of seropositivity for CMV (0.12 (0.04, 0.20)) and 0.08 (0.01, 0.15)). Seropositivity for CMV in the absence of seropositivity for EBV was associated with an increased risk of inhalant allergic sensitization (OR (95% CI): 1.31 (1.02, 1.68)). All effect estimates attenuated into non‐significant mainly after adjustment for child's ethnicity. Seropositivity for EBV or CMV was not associated with asthma.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceAssociations of EBV and CMV infections in early childhood with school‐age lung function and inhalant allergic sensitization are explained by ethnicity, or sociodemographic and lifestyle‐related factors.
Palatal tremor and intact Guillain‐Mollaret triangle secondary to Hashimoto’s encephalopathy
Authors: Zabala‐Angeles Indhira , Casallas‐Vanegas Adriana , Garcia‐Estrada Christian , Gomez‐Figueroa Enrique , Simon‐Arcos Miguel , Marcin Mariana , Ugalde‐Mejía de María , Corona‐Vázquez Teresita , Flores‐Rivera José , Rivas‐Alonso Verónica 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHashimoto’s encephalopathy, also known as steroid‐responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, is a rare association of neuropsychiatric symptoms and autoimmune thyroid disease. Among the movement disorders reported in Hashimoto’s encephalopathy, palatal tremor is relatively uncommon.Case presentationWe present the case of a 50‐year‐old woman with neuropsychiatric symptoms characterized by behavioral changes, cognitive impairment, epilepsy, parkinsonism, palatal tremor and ataxia with high levels of serum anti‐thyroid peroxidase and a clear response after steroid therapy.ConclusionsGiven the reversibility of clinical manifestations, Hashimoto’s encephalopathy should be in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained seizures or encephalopathy who present with these symptoms or other involuntary movements.
Foster care in France: children's perception of their own well‐being
Authors: Euillet Séverine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWorking to improve the welfare of children in care is a priority shared by all French child protection services. However, the means to measure and improve well‐being are limited (Fergeus et al., 2019). Although the trend today is towards a more comprehensive understanding of the point of view of adults involved in the socioeducational process, too little is done to include the children's own perception of their situation and conditions of care. The purposes of this study are to document and analyse the point of view of children in foster families on their subjective well‐being and also to identify contextual factors that influence it. Ninety‐one children living in foster care, aged 13.5 years on average, completed the French version of the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale developped by Huebner, Zullig Runa in 2012. The multidimensional evaluation of well‐being (family, school, self, friends, and living conditions) reveals a moderate life satisfaction within the foster family and a weak one at school. Total life satisfaction levels are directly linked to the number of care orders the child has experienced, their duration, and the type of education received. The implications of these results for professional practices related to children in care will be discussed.
Mesorectal fat area and mesorectal area affect the surgical difficulty of robotic‐assisted mesorectal excision and intersphincteric resection respectively in different ways
Authors: Huang S. , Chen M. , Deng Y. , Wang X. , Lu X. , Jiang W. , Huang Y. , Chi P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimMany studies have demonstrated predictors of the difficulty of laparoscopic anterior resection for rectal cancer. Few studies focus on the influence of pelvic dimensions on robotic‐assisted mesorectal excision (ME) and intersphincteric resection (ISR). This study aimed to evaluate the influences of the mesorectal fat area (MFA) and mesorectal area on the difficulty of robotic sphincter‐saving surgery.MethodsWe included 156 patients with middle and low rectal cancer who underwent robotic sphincter‐saving surgery. Clinical and anatomical factors, including the pelvic dimensions, were collected. Linear regression was performed for variables associated with surgical duration. We also performed subgroup analyses for robotic‐assisted ME and ISR. Logistic regression was used to find variables associated with transanal dissection.ResultsFor patients with middle or low rectal cancer, the sacral length and tumour distance from the anal verge were independently associated with surgical duration. The pT stage, sacral length and the MFA were independent predictors for the surgical duration of robotic‐assisted ME. By contrast, a small mesorectal area was independently related to a longer duration of robotic‐assisted ISR. The pelvic outlet length was independently associated with the use of transanal dissection for ISR.ConclusionIt is suggested that a large MFA could affect the difficulty of ME in robotic‐assisted ME, while a small mesorectal area could increase the surgical difficulty of robotic‐assisted ISR for low rectal cancer. Besides, the pelvic outlet length was associated with the use of transanal dissection. Further studies are needed to validate the results and draw more scientific conclusions.
“Early” and “Late” Hospital readmissions in the first year after kidney transplant at a single center
Authors: Nguyen Michelle C. , Avila Christina L. , Brock Guy N. , Benedict Jason A. , James Iyore , El‐Hinnawi Ashraf , Rajab Amer , Elkhammas Elmahdi , Pelletier Ronald P. , Henry Mitchell , Bumgardner Ginny L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHospital readmission (HR) after surgery is considered a quality metric.MethodsData on 2371 first‐time adult kidney transplant (KT) recipients were collected to analyze the “early” (≤30 days) and “late” (31‐365 days) HR patterns after KT at a single center over a 12‐year time span (2002‐2013).Results30‐day, 90‐day, and 1‐year HR were 31%, 41%, and 53%, respectively. Risk factors for HR included age >50, female sex, black race, BMI >30, transplant LOS >5 days, and pre‐transplant time on dialysis >765 days. Indications for early (n = 749) and late (n = 508) HR were similar. Early HR (OR: 3.80, P = .007) and black race (OR: 2.38, P = .009) were associated with higher odds of 1‐year graft failure while frequency (1‐2, 3‐4, 5+) of HR (ORs: 4.68, 8.36, 9.44, P < .001) and age > 50 (OR: 2.11, P = .007) were associated with higher odds of 1‐year mortality. Transplant LOS > 5 days increased both odds of 1‐year graft failure (OR: 3.51, P = .001) and mortality (OR: 2.05, P = .006). One‐year graft and recipient survival were 96.7% and 94.8%, respectively.ConclusionsHospital readmission was associated with reduced graft and patient survival; however, despite a relatively high and consistent HR rate after KT, overall 1‐year graft and patient survival was high.
Civil service reform, self‐selection, and bureaucratic performance
Authors: Gibbs Daniel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractI use a formal model to analyze the effect of civil service protections on bureaucratic performance. In a two‐period model, a public manager observes a bureaucrat's actions for a period and decides whether to retain or attempt to remove the bureaucrat. Bureaucrats vary in terms of their intrinsic motivation and choose between careers in government or the private sector. I show that bureaucratic performance is greater in any separating equilibrium in which motivated bureaucrats choose government than in all equilibria in which they do not. Stronger civil service protections reduce the amount of effort that motivated bureaucrats must exert to distinguish themselves from their unmotivated peers in order to ensure retention. This strengthens incentives for motivated bureaucrats to choose careers in government. Stronger civil service protections, however, also reduce the ability of public managers to remove unmotivated bureaucrats. These competing effects yield a non‐monotonic and discontinuous relationship between civil service protections and bureaucratic performance. I use the model to analyze recent reforms to U.S. state and federal personnel management that have significantly rolled back traditional job protections.
Dynamic decision support framework for production scheduling using a combined genetic algorithm and multiagent model
Authors: Du Juan , Dong Peng , Sugumaran Vijayan , Castro‐Lacouture Daniel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDue to the dynamic nature, complexity, and interactivity of production scheduling in an actual business environment, suitable combined and hybrid methods are necessary. This paper takes prefabricated concrete components as an example and develops the dynamic decision support framework based on a genetic algorithm and multiagent system (MAS) to optimize and simulate the production scheduling. First, a multiobjective genetic algorithm is integrated into the MAS for preliminary optimization and a series of near‐optimal solutions are obtained. Subsequently, considering the resource constraints and uncertainties, the MAS is used to simulate complex real‐world production environments. Considering the different types of uncertainty factors, the paper proposes the corresponding dynamic scheduling method and uses MAS to generate the optimal production schedule. Finally, a practical prefabricated construction case is used to validate the proposed model. The results show that the model can effectively address the occurrence of uncertain events and can provide dynamic decision support for production scheduling.
Catalases of the polyextremophylic Andean isolate Acinetobacter sp. Ver 3 confer adaptive response to H2O2 and UV radiation
Authors: Sartorio Mariana Gabriela , Repizo Guillermo Daniel , Cortez Néstor 
Published: February 2020

The polyextremophilic strain Acinetobacter sp. Ver3 isolated from high‐altitude Andean lakes exhibits elevated tolerance to UV‐B radiation and to pro‐oxidants, a feature that has been correlated to its unusually high catalase activity. The Ver3 genome sequence analysis revealed the presence of two genes coding for monofunctional catalases: AV3KatE1 and AV3KatE2, the latter harboring an N‐terminal signal peptide. We show herein that AV3KatE1 displays one of the highest catalytic activities reported so far and is constitutively expressed at relatively high amounts in the cytosol, acting as the main protecting catalase against H2O2 and UV‐B radiation. The second catalase, AV3KatE2, is a periplasmic enzyme strongly induced by both peroxide and UV, conferring supplementary protection against pro‐oxidants. The N‐terminal signal present in AV3KatE2 was required not only for transport to the periplasm via the twin‐arginine translocation pathway, but also for proper folding and subsequent catalytic activity. The analysis of catalase distribution among 114 Acinetobacter complete genomes revealed a great variability in the catalase classes, with A. baumannii clinical isolates exhibiting higher numbers of isoenzymes and the most variable profiles.