bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid mechanics of the torus–margo in conifer intertracheid bordered pits
Authors: Schulte Paul J. , Hacke Uwe G. 
Published: September 2020

Summary

Bordered pits of many conifers include a torus–margo structure acting as a valve that prevents air from spreading between tracheids, although the extent of torus deflection as a function of applied pressure is not well known.

Models were developed from images of pits in roots and stems of Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP. A computational solid mechanics approach was utilised to determine the extent of torus deflection from pressure applied to the torus and margo.

Torus deflection increased in nonlinear fashion with applied pressure. The average pressure required for sealing the pit was 0.894 MPa for stems and 0.644 MPa for roots, although considerable variation was apparent between individual pits. The pits of roots were wider and deeper than those of stems. For stems, the pit depth did not increase with pit width; thus the torus displacement needed to seal the pit was less than for pits from roots.

The pressure required to seal the pit depends upon anatomical characteristics such as pit width and pit depth. Although the torus displacement for sealing was greater for roots because of their greater depth, the pressures leading to sealing were not significantly different between roots and stems.
Using Markov chains to quantitatively assess movement patterns of invasive fishes impacted by a carbon dioxide barrier in outdoor ponds
Authors: Borland Lauren K. , Mulcahy Collin J. , Bennie Barbara A. , Baumann Douglas D. , Haro Roger J. , Van Appledorn Molly , Jankowski Kathi Jo , Cupp Aaron R. , Erickson Richard A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNatural resource managers use barriers to deter the movement of aquatic invasive species. Research and development of new invasive species barriers is often evaluated in pond and field scales using high‐resolution telemetry data. Telemetry data sets can be a rich source of data about fish movement and behavior but can be difficult to analyze due to the size of these data sets as well as their irregular sampling intervals. Due to the challenges, most barrier studies only use summary endpoints, such as barrier passage counts or average (e.g., mean or median) fish distance from the barrier, to describe the data. To examine more fine‐scale fish movement patterns, we developed a first‐order Markov chain. We then used this model to help understand the impacts of a barrier on fish behavior. For our study system, we used data from a previous study examining how bighead and silver carp (two invasive fish species in the United States) responded to a carbon dioxide (CO2) barrier in a pond.Considerations for managementBased upon our findings, management considerations include:

Markov chains can be used to describe and quantify movement patterns of aquatic organisms responding to barriers. These models provide insight not possible with previously used summary approaches.
The CO2 barrier changed both the locations of fish and movement patterns of fish. The changes in movement were not captured using conventional endpoints.
Specifically, fish had less random movement patterns during periods of CO2 exposure. This provides evidence that bighead and silver carp actively avoided areas with CO2 and also shows that our approach can help assess random versus nonrandom movements
Esophageal cancer surgery: review of complications and their management
Authors: Chevallay Mickael , Jung Minoa , Chon Seung‐Hun , Takeda Flavio Roberto , Akiyama Junichi , Mönig Stefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEsophagectomy, even with the progress in surgical technique and perioperative management, is a highly specialized surgery, associated with a high rate of complications. Early recognition and adequate treatment should be a standard of care for the most common postoperative complications: anastomotic leakage, pneumonia, atrial fibrillation, chylothorax, and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Recent progress in endoscopy with vacuum and stent placement, or in radiology with embolization, has changed the management of these complications. The success of nonoperative treatments should be frequently reassessed and reoperation must be proposed in case of failure. We have summarized the clinical signs, diagnostic process, and management of the frequent complications after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.
The Heterogeneous Effects of Global and National Business Cycles on Employment in US States and Metropolitan Areas*
Authors: Chudik Alexander , Koech Janet , Wynne Mark 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe growth of globalization in recent decades has increased the importance of external factors as drivers of the business cycle in many countries. Globalization affects countries not just at the macro level but at the level of states and metro areas as well. This paper isolates the relative importance of global, national and region‐specific shocks as drivers of the business cycle in individual US states and metro areas. We find about 2/3 and 1/2 of the employment fluctuations in US states and metro areas, respectively, are explained by the global and national shocks lumped together. The split between the importance of the global and national shocks is about 50:50, based on the standard identification scheme in the literature. Next, we document substantial regional heterogeneity in the sensitivity of states and metro areas to global shocks, and show that direct trade linkages are not the only channel through which the global business cycle impacts regional economies. In particular, indicators of size and industry composition dwarf the explanatory power of trade linkages in explaining the regional differences.
QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE RESIDUALITY OF BROOCHES AND COINS IN ROMANO‐BRITISH CONTEXTS
Authors: Matthews Boehmer Thomas 
Published: September 2020

SummaryArchaeologists often use Roman‐period brooches and coins in the important task of dating features and phases on sites. Whilst this use of artefacts has had undeniable benefits in terms of establishing their chronology, this is itself dependent upon the reliability of the date that can be ascribed to the brooch or coin. However, questions remain as to the reliability of the evidence relating to a significant aspect of these objects’ dating. Here I point to a discrepancy in the dating of first‐ and second‐centuries CE artefacts in the archaeological record in Britain. Acknowledging the important work undertaken by other scholars in the field, the article describes the frequent inconsistency that nonetheless exists between the defined dates of the manufacture of brooches and coins and the date of their physical archaeological contexts on smaller‐scale sites. It goes on to offer some thoughts regarding dating for future consideration.
Evaluation of the relationship between airway measurements with ultrasonography and laryngoscopy in newborns and infants
Authors: Sever Feyza , Özmert Sengül 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundA difficult laryngoscopy in young children can be a stressful situation for the pediatric anesthetist. In recent years, several measurements have been used to obtain difficult laryngoscopy markers in children. However, there is no prospective study in which ultrasonography is expected to be used for this purpose, particularly in the newborn and infant age groups.GoalsIn this study, our goal was to evaluate the relationship between the preoperative airway assessment tools and the difficult laryngoscopic view in neonates and infants.MethodsOur study included newborns and infants undergoing elective surgery requiring intubation under general anesthesia. The following measurements were recorded the following: patients' age, body mass index, thyromental distance, mandibular length, the distance between the lip corner and ipsilateral ear tragus, and the transverse length (measured by hand with sign‐middle‐ring fingers side by side). In the thyromental distance measurement, the “thyroid notch” was determined by ultrasonography. Glottic structures appearing during laryngoscopy were graded according to the Cormack‐Lehane Classification.ResultsOf the 150 patients included in the study, 36 were female, and 92% were under the age of one. The incidence of difficult laryngoscopic views was 8% in the age groups studied, and the frequency of difficult laryngoscopic views in the newborn age group was 14.3%. The relationship between airway assessment tools and the Cormack‐Lehane Classification scores was statistically significant. The negative predictive value was high for all values.ConclusionsThe risk of a difficult laryngoscopy increases in children under the age of one. The preoperative airway assessment tools and body mass index had acceptable negative predictive values. We believe that all measurements could be used as markers for difficult laryngoscopy in newborns and infants.
An exploration of group cognitive analytic therapy for anxiety and depression
Authors: Martin Elaine , Byrne Gary , Connon Graham , Power Liz 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesCognitive analytic therapy has been shown to be an effective psychological treatment for a range of differing presentations but little research to date has focused on the use of Group CAT (GCAT). The aim of this study was to explore the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness of GCAT for clients with mood and anxiety disorders in primary care.DesignThis study utilized a mixed method design.MethodA 12‐session GCAT programme was developed covering key CAT concepts. The structure reflected the three phases of CAT – reformulation, recognition, and revision. Participants completed outcome measures pre‐ and post‐treatment and at 3‐month follow‐up. Acceptability was reported using session attendance and participant feedback in addition to asking clients to rank the utility of CAT treatment components. A therapist interview was also completed.ResultsFifty‐five per cent of clients completed the treatment, and feedback suggests that GCAT is an acceptable and feasible intervention for a primary care population. Clients also reported on the utility of specific CAT treatment components. Clients demonstrated positive change on a number of outcome measures.ConclusionsGroup cognitive analytic therapy shows promise as an acceptable and feasible treatment for clients with mood and anxiety disorders presenting to primary care services. Further larger and more controlled studies are indicated.Practitioner points

The study supports the idea that GCAT is an acceptable and feasible treatment for clients with mood and anxiety disorders in a primary care setting.

Clients indicated the utility of various aspects of GCAT

The study provides tentative evidence for the effectiveness of GCAT in ameliorating symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression in primary care.
Emotional exhaustion among the South Korean workforce before and after COVID‐19
Authors: Hwang Hansol , Hur Won‐Moo , Shin Yuhyung 
Published: September 2020

Since the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic in South Korea in January 2020, many South Korean employees have been experiencing work stressors, threats of job insecurity, and feelings of isolation, which together lead to emotional exhaustion. The present study aimed to compare the emotional exhaustion of South Korean employees before and after the pandemic, as well as to examine how the demographic characteristics of employees affected their emotional exhaustion. We administered surveys to 276 employees before the COVID‐19 pandemic (from July to October 2019) and 301 employees after its onset (from March to April 2020). A series of t‐tests demonstrated that both employee samples were similar demographically. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that even when controlling for baseline emotions, the employees assessed after the COVID‐19 experienced significantly higher emotional exhaustion than those assessed before. Furthermore, in reaction to COVID‐19, female employees felt more emotionally exhausted than their male counterparts. Finally, after the COVID‐19 pandemic, younger and short‐tenured employees reported higher emotional exhaustion than older and more experienced employees. These findings provide insight into managing the mental health of employees during the COVID‐19 crisis.Practitioner points

The emotional exhaustion of the South Korean workforce increased after the COVID‐19 pandemic.

After the pandemic, female employees experienced a higher level of emotional exhaustion than their male counterparts.

After the pandemic, younger and short‐tenured employees experienced a higher level of emotional exhaustion than older and long‐tenured employees.
GhARF16‐1 modulates leaf development by transcriptionally regulating the GhKNOX2‐1 gene in cotton
Authors: He Peng , Zhang Yuzhou , Li Hongbin , Fu Xuan , Shang Haihong , Zou Changsong , Friml Jiří , Xiao Guanghui 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe leaf is a crucial organ evolved with remarkable morphological diversity to maximize plant photosynthesis. The leaf shape is a key trait that affects photosynthesis, flowering rates, disease resistance and yield. Although many genes regulating leaf development have been identified in the past years, the precise regulatory architecture underlying the generation of diverse leaf shapes remains to be elucidated. We used cotton as a reference model to probe the genetic framework underlying divergent leaf forms. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the GhARF16‐1 and GhKNOX2‐1 genes might be potential regulators of leaf shape. We functionally characterized the auxin‐responsive factor ARF16‐1 acting upstream of GhKNOX2‐1 to determine leaf morphology in cotton. The transcription of GhARF16‐1 was significantly higher in lobed‐leaved cotton than in smooth‐leaved cotton. Furthermore, the overexpression of GhARF16‐1 led to the up‐regulation of GhKNOX2‐1 and resulted in more and deeper serrations in cotton leaves, similar to the leaf shape of cotton plants overexpressing GhKNOX2‐1. We found that GhARF16‐1 specifically bound to the promoter of GhKNOX2‐1 to induce its expression. The heterologous expression of GhARF16‐1 and GhKNOX2‐1 in Arabidopsis led to lobed and curly leaves, and a genetic analysis revealed that GhKNOX2‐1 is epistatic to GhARF16‐1 in Arabidopsis, suggesting that the GhARF16‐1 and GhKNOX2‐1 interaction paradigm also functions to regulate leaf shape in Arabidopsis. To our knowledge, our results uncover a novel mechanism by which auxin, through the key component ARF16‐1 and its downstream‐activated gene KNOX2‐1, determines leaf morphology in eudicots.
Five novel mutations in SASH1 contribute to lentiginous phenotypes in Japanese families
Authors: Araki Yuta , Okamura Ken , Saito Toru , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Natsuga Ken , Nishimoto Junko , Funasaka Yoko , Togawa Yaei , Suzuki Tamio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSASH1 has been reported as a causal gene of lentiginous phenotypes with and without heredity, including an autosomal dominant type characterized by lentigines predominantly on sun‐exposed areas such as the face and limbs. Recently, cases of dyschromatosis with SASH1 mutations have been reported worldwide; however, only one case has been reported from Japan. Here, we analyzed six Japanese patients who characteristically showed many lentigines on sun‐exposed areas, using next‐generation sequencing. We identified five novel heterozygous mutations in SASH1 (p.I586M, p.S531Y, p.R644W, p.T525R, and p.S516I) in our patients and their families. The p.R644W substitution identified in two unrelated families was the first mutation located in the sterile alpha motif 1 (SAM1) domain. The degree and location of the lentigines were variable across individuals, even if they shared the same SASH1 mutation. All mutations were predicted to be deleterious by six different algorithms used to evaluate the functional impact of a variation. In addition, immunohistopathological findings and RNA sequencing results suggested that SASH1 mutations were associated with an increase in the number of melanocytes, acceleration of melanogenesis, and upregulated hair keratin expression.
Improvement in disease severity and pruritus outcomes with crisaborole ointment, 2%, by baseline atopic dermatitis severity in children and adolescents with mild‐to‐moderate atopic dermatitis
Authors: Eichenfield Lawrence F. , Yosipovitch Gil , Stein Gold Linda F. , Kalabis Mizuho , Zang Chuanbo , Vlahos Bonnie , Sanders Paul , Myers Daniela E. , Bushmakin Andrew G. , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Olivadoti Melissa , Paller Amy S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesCrisaborole ointment, 2%, is a nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of mild‐to‐moderate atopic dermatitis (AD). This pooled post hoc analysis of two phase 3 trials (NCT02118766, NCT02118792) assessed improvement and time to improvement in Investigator's Static Global Assessment (ISGA) and Severity of Pruritus Scale (SPS) outcomes in pediatric patients with mild‐to‐moderate AD.MethodsPatients aged ≥2 years were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive twice‐daily crisaborole or vehicle for 28 days. Patients aged 2‐17 years were pooled for this analysis. Proportions of patients and time to achieving ISGA success (clear [0] or almost clear [1] with ≥2‐grade improvement from baseline), ISGA clear/almost clear, ≥1‐grade improvement in ISGA, SPS success (SPS score ≤1 with ≥1‐grade improvement), or ≥1‐grade improvement in SPS score were analyzed and stratified by baseline ISGA.ResultsAt first postbaseline assessment (day 8), significantly higher proportions of crisaborole‐ than vehicle‐treated patients achieved ISGA success, ISGA clear/almost clear, ≥1‐grade ISGA improvement, SPS success, or ≥1‐grade improvement in SPS regardless of baseline ISGA. Differences were significantly greater over time for all outcomes for patients with moderate baseline ISGA and numerically greater for those with mild baseline ISGA. Median times to ISGA and SPS outcomes were shorter for crisaborole versus vehicle.ConclusionImprovement in ISGA and SPS outcomes were observed with crisaborole in pediatric patients with mild‐to‐moderate baseline AD.
Infliximab for the treatment of recalcitrant bullous Sweet syndrome in a 10‐year‐old girl
Authors: Knöpfel Nicole , Theiler Martin , Luchsinger Isabelle , Hafner Bettina , Brunner Corinne , Kolm Isabel , Weibel Lisa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report the case of a 10‐year‐old girl with bullous Sweet syndrome, recalcitrant to high‐dose systemic corticosteroids. Subsequent treatment with infliximab resulted in a rapid improvement in cutaneous lesions and systemic symptoms. Cutis laxa was noted in the healed skin. We propose early second‐line treatment with infliximab in children with steroid‐refractory Sweet syndrome.
Plaque‐like cutaneous mucinosis of childhood
Authors: Álvarez‐Salafranca Marcial , Colmenero Isabel , Torrecilla Idoipe Nerea , Torrelo Antonio , Ara‐Martín Mariano 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA healthy 10‐year‐old boy presented with plaque‐like cutaneous mucinosis (PCM) on his back. Cutaneous biopsy was followed by progressive resolution of the skin lesion. Pediatric PCM could differ clinically from the adult form. However, more cases are necessary to draw conclusions.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: A retrospective case series of 126 cases
Authors: Dhar Sandipan , Srinivas Sahana M. , Dhar Subhra , Basu Surupa , Banerjee Raghubir , Malakar Rajib , Ghosh Apurba , Bhattacharya Arunaloke , Ray Swapan Kumar , Bhattacharya Arpita , Chowdhury Jaydeep 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), a rare neoplasm of hematopoietic myeloid precursor cells, is clinically characterized by spontaneously resolving lesions to a progressive life‐threatening multisystem disorder. Diagnosing LCH in children is challenging as it mimics other skin disorders. This study describes the varied clinical presentation and disease course in children less than 18 years diagnosed with LCH.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational study of all cases diagnosed with LCH presenting to a children's hospital in the last 26 years. Data on history, cutaneous and systemic examination, and laboratory evaluation performed, were recorded.ResultsA total of 126 children diagnosed with LCH were included in the study. There were 68% cases limited only to skin, and 32% children with multisystem involvement at the initial presentation. Scaly papules were the most common morphologic finding in skin. The skeletal system was the second most common organ system to be affected. Failure to thrive was a common symptom. Progression of skin to systemic involvement was seen in 27.9%. In 76.7%, skin lesions cleared over a period of 2 to 4 years. Complete remission was seen in 56.9% of children over a period of 3 to 7 years, while 8.1% children died of complicationsand 31.8% were lost to follow‐up.ConclusionsLong‐term follow‐up in this study has shown cutaneous LCH without systemic involvement has a good prognosis. Skin involvement,along with failure to thrive, was the most common clinical presentation in our study. The skeletal system was the second most common organ system involved.
Relationship satisfaction determines the association between Epstein–Barr virus latency and somatic symptoms after the loss of a spouse
Authors: LeRoy Angie S. , Petit Whitney E. , Brown Ryan L. , Murdock Kyle W. , Garcini Luz M. , Stowe Raymond P. , Fagundes Chris P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe loss of a spouse is associated with a host of negative health outcomes. While bereaved individuals commonly report somatic symptoms, no investigations exist of the association between reactivation of latent Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and somatic symptoms among this population. Further, how an individual perceives the quality of their lost relationship in retrospect may impact loss outcomes. Among 99 bereaved spouses, elevated EBV antibody titers were associated with somatic symptoms for those who retrospectively reported high or mean levels of relationship satisfaction (RS), but not among those less satisfied. Further, higher RS was associated with greater grief symptoms. This study identifies higher retrospective RS as a possible risk factor for negative physical and mental health outcomes during bereavement.
Family emotional climate and health: Testing conveyance of effects via psychobiological mediators
Authors: Woods Sarah B. , Roberson Patricia N. E. , Priest Jacob B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUsing the Biobehavioral Family Model and data from five Midlife in the United States projects (N= 793), this study tests whether allostatic load and negative affect reactivity convey the effects of categorizations of family emotional climate on health appraisal and morbidity (chronic conditions) across 20 years. Results indicated that negative family emotional climate (high strain, low support/parental affection) was indirectly associated with health appraisal 20 years later via negative affect reactivity at 10 years. Ambivalent family emotional climate (high strain/support) was directly associated with greater morbidity. Allostatic load did not serve as a significant mediator in the models tested. Findings suggest that family emotional climates marked by strain and intensity may be especially problematic for health, partly by exacerbating negative affect reactivity.