bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should We Report Incidental Low-Density Liver Lesions with Benign Features? A Retrospective Single-Center Analysis of Trauma CT Scans
Authors: Zhang Bob , Ratnakanthan Prasanna , Shekarforoush Maryam , Clements Warren 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Many incidental liver lesions are benign and require no additional workup. Investigation of such lesions can have a negative impact of both the patient and health care system. However, the impact of how radiologists report these incidental lesions is not clear. We aimed to investigate how reporting of incidental liver lesions on trauma computed tomography (CT) scan affects follow-up.
Methods This is a retrospective single-center analysis of body CT scans performed following abdominal trauma. Information was collected on the reporting of incidental low-density liver lesions and any additional imaging performed.
Results A total of 3,595 trauma body CT scan reports were reviewed. Incidental liver lesions were identified in 527 (15%) patients, with 347 (10%) fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Additional imaging was requested by the referring doctor for 43 out of 285 patients (15%) when lesions were mentioned in the body of the report only, compared with 41 out of 62 patients (66%) when mentioned in the conclusion (odds ratio [OR] = 10.99, p < 0.0001). When additional imaging was recommended in the report, follow-up was arranged for 36 out of 52 patients (69%), compared with 48 out of 285 patients (16%) when it was not suggested (OR = 11.58, p < 0.0001). Additional imaging was requested for 84 of the 347 patients (24%), with 24 of these performed at our institution. All patients followed-up at our institution were diagnosed with a benign lesion.
Conclusion Reporting incidental hypodense liver lesions in the conclusion or specifically recommending further additional imaging, both led to significantly increased likelihood of additional imaging being performed. Radiologists who encounter such lesions should consider excluding them from the conclusion if there are no malignant features or patient risk factors.
Ampicillin Dose for Early and Late-Onset Group B Streptococcal Disease in Neonates
Authors: Lim Sin Yin , Miller Jamie L. 
Published: October 2020

Ampicillin is frequently used in neonates for early- and late-onset group B streptococcal (GBS) disease. In 2019, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published guidelines for GBS which included updated dosing recommendations for ampicillin for bacteremia and provided specific dosing recommendations for meningitis. The dosing recommendations in the guidelines were based off the 2018 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases (i.e., Red Book), which differed from the 2015 Red Book. For bacteremia, no dosing changes were recommended for ampicillin dosing in neonates ≤ 7 days of postnatal age (PNA), but less frequent dosing intervals were recommended for neonates > 7 days PNA. For meningitis, increased dosing recommendations were provided in the update. However, the rationale and supporting evidence for these changes were not provided. A literature search was performed to review articles pertaining to the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and safety of ampicillin in neonates. The ampicillin dosing recommendations in the AAP guidelines were mainly supported by a 2014 publication that evaluated the PK and PD of ampicillin in neonates with gestational age (GA) of 24 to 41 weeks and PNA of 0 to 25 days. The proposed dosing from this study for bacteremia is included in the 2018 Red Book and 2019 guidelines. For meningitis, no supporting evidence was identified for the dosing recommendations in the 2018 Red Book and 2019 guidelines. Only one study has evaluated ampicillin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid, but proposed dosing from this study was much lower than that included in the guidelines. The high ampicillin doses for GBS meningitis should be used with caution, as high ampicillin concentrations have been associated with seizures and no studies have evaluated efficacy of this dosing strategy. The purpose of this review is to identify key pieces of literature regarding dosing recommendations and safety of ampicillin in neonates.
Key Points
Instructional design as a form of information design
Authors: Mayer Richard E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Instructional design is concerned with how to present verbal and visual information to learners in ways that
promote effective learning processes and outcomes. Information design is concerned with how to present verbal and visual
information to people in ways that promote efficient processing and understanding. The main thesis of this brief article is that
instructional design is a form of information design, in which the goal is to help people learn material so that they can use it
later. This article reviews exemplary principles of multimedia instructional design that are based on research evidence and have
implications for information design.
IDJ at my side
Authors: Sless David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
David Sless’s journey to information designer coincides with the history of IDJ. David’s first paper was published
in the second issue (1979). David’s journey alongside IDJ included the generosity of Peter Simlinger of IIID (1980s) and the
encouragement of Paul Stiff of Reading University (1990s). IDJ is still a vital part of David’s life.
Magnetohydrodynamic nonlinear mixed convection flow of reactive tangent hyperbolic nano fluid passing a nonlinear stretchable surface
Authors: Fatunmbi Ephesus Olusoji , Mabood Fazle , Elmonser Hedi , Tlili Iskander 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The intent of this paper is to unravel the transport of a nonlinear mixed convection tangent hyperbolic nanofluid along a nonlinear stretchable sheet in the neighbourhood of a stagnation point. The impacts of magnetohydrodynamic, thermophoresis, Brownian motion and activation energy together with non-uniform heat source associated with varying thermal conductivity are scrutinized. The outlining transport equations are mutated into a system of nondimensional ordinary differential equations by the use of similarity transformations and then tackled with the Runge–Kutta Fehlberg coupling shooting method. The impact of all essential parameters in respect of the dimensionless quantities are graphically exhibited and deliberated. The significant consequences of the investigation are that increment in the Darcy with magnetic term declines the flow velocity while that uplift the fluid temperature. The skin friction factor triggers a considerable increase with the power-law exponent and magnetic field parameters. The intensity of heat and mass transfer shrink with hike in the values of the thermophoresis parameter. The vetting of the numerical solution is done with earlier related studies in the limiting position and presented in tabular form showing perfect correlation.
Quantification of erosion pattern using picosecond-LIBS on a vertical divertor target element exposed in W7-X
Authors: Zhao D. , Yi R. , Eksaeva A. , Oelmann J. , Brezinsek S. , Sergienko G. , Rasinski M. , Gao Y. , Mayer M. , Dhard C.P. , Naujoks D. , Cai L. , W7-X team the 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A set of dedicated marker samples consisting of fine-grain graphite as substrate, an interlayer of 0.2–0.4 μm molybdenum (Mo) employed as marker, and a 5–10 μm thick carbon (C) marker layer on top were installed in Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) to investigate locally the C erosion and deposition. In this study, a set of five individual marker tiles, installed in a vertical divertor element of the test divertor unit in half-module 50, and exposed to about 40 min of plasma predominant in the standard magnetic divertor configuration in the first year of divertor operation in W7-X (OP1.2A), were retrieved from the vessel for post-mortem analysis. Picosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (ps-LIBS) was applied on these marker tiles in order to determine the local erosion/deposition pattern caused by plasma impact. The general erosion/deposition pattern on the vertical target element was studied with the aid of depth-profiling by Mo line emission due to ps-LIBS with the number of applied laser pulses (355 nm, 2.3 J cm−2, 35 ps) at one probing location. Several potential asymmetry factors which avoid a perfect layer-by-layer ablation process in the laser ablations are proposed and discussed when a rough layered structure sample with a rough surface is analysed by the ps-LIBS technique. Thereby, a simulation model was developed to correct the measurement error of the ps-LIBS method caused by the non-perfect rectangle profile of the applied laser beam. The depth resolution of the applied ps-LIBS system was determined by quantification of the laser ablation rates of the different layers and the C substrate which were measured utilising profilometry and cross comparison with the thicknesses of the C and Mo marker layers determined by a combined focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy technique. For the first time, the erosion/deposition pattern on the vertical target was mapped and quantified by ps-LIBS technique. A relatively wide net erosion zone with a poloidal extend of about 200 mm was identified which can be correlated to the main particle interaction zone at the magnetic strike-line of the dominantly applied standard magnetic divertor configuration. At the position of peak erosion, not only 7.6 × 1019 C atoms/cm2 but also 2 × 1018 Mo atoms/cm2 which results can be extrapolated to total 15 × 1019 C atoms/cm2, were eroded due to plasma fuel particle (H, He) and impurity (O, C) ion impact.
Voronoi chains, blocks, and clusters in perturbed square lattices
Authors: Lazar Emanuel A , Shoan Amir 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Perturbed lattices provide simple models for studying many physical systems. In this paper we study the distribution of Voronoi chains, blocks, and clusters with prescribed combinatorial features in the perturbed square lattice, generalizing earlier work. In particular, we obtain analytic results for the presence of hexagonally-ordered regions within a square-ordered phase. Connections to high-temperature crystals and to non-equilibrium phase transitions are considered. In an appendix, we briefly consider the site-percolation threshold for this system.
80Se(n,γ) cross-section measurement at CERN n TOF
Authors: Babiano-Suarez V. , Aberle O. , Alcayne V. , Amaducci S. , Andrzejewski J. , Audouin L. , Bacak M. , Balibrea-Correa J. , Barbagallo M. , Bennett S. , Berthoumieux E. , Bosnar D. , Brown A. S. , Busso M. , Caamaño M. , Caballero L. , Calviani M. , Calviño F. , Cano-Ott D. , Casanovas A. , Cerutti F. , Chiaveri E. , Colonna N. , Cortés G. P. , Cortés-Giraldo M. A. , Cosentino L. , Cristallo S. , Damone L. A. , Davies P. J. , Diakaki M. , Dietz M. , Domingo-Pardo C. , Dressler R. , Ducasse Q. , Dupont E. , Durán I. , Eleme Z. , Fernández-Domíngez B. , Ferrari A. , Ferro-Gonçalves I. , Finocchiaro P. , Furman V. , Garg R. , Gawlik A. , Gilardoni S. , Göbel K. , González-Romero E. , Guerrero C. , Gunsing F. , Heinitz S. , Heyse J. , Jenkins D. G. , Jericha E. , Jiri U. , Junghans A. , Kadi Y. , Käppeler F. , Kimura A. , Knapová I. , Kokkoris M. , Kopatch Y. , Krticka M. , Kurtulgil D. , Ladarescu I. , Lederer-Woods C. , Lerendegui-Marco J. , Lonsdale S.-J. , Macina D. , Manna A. , Martínez T. , Masi A. , Massimi C. , Mastinu P. F. , Mastromarco M. , Maugeri E. , Mazzone A. , Mendoza E. , Mengoni A. , Michalopoulou V. , Milazzo P. M. , Millán-Callado M. A. , Mingrone F. , Moreno-Soto J. , Musumarra A. , Negret A. , Ogállar F. , Oprea A. , Patronis N. , Pavlik A. , Perkowski J. , Petrone C. , Piersanti L. , Pirovano E. , Porras I. , Praena J. , Quesada J. M. , Ramos Doval D. , Reifarth R. , Rochman D. , Rubbia C. , Sabaté-Gilarte M. , Saxena A. , Schillebeeckx P. , Schumann D. , Sekhar A. , Smith A. G. , Sosnin N. , Sprung P. , Stamatopoulos A. , Tagliente G. , Tain J. L. , Tarifeño-Saldivia A. E. , Tassan-Got L. , Thomas B. , Torres-Sánchez P. , Tsinganis A. , Urlass S. , Valenta S. , Vannini G. , Variale V. , Vaz P. , Ventura A. , Vescovi D. , Vlachoudis V. , Vlastou R. , Wallner A. , Woods P. J. , Wright T. J. , Žugec P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Radiative neutron capture cross section measurements are of fundamental importance for the study of the slow neutron capture (s-) process of nucleosynthesis. This mechanism is responsible for the formation of most elements heavier than iron in the Universe. Particularly relevant are branching nuclei along the s-process path, which are sensitive to the physical conditions of the stellar environment. One such example is the branching at 79Se (3.27 × 105 y), which shows a thermally dependent β-decay rate. However, an astrophysically consistent interpretation requires also the knowledge of the closest neighbour isotopes involved. In particular, the 80Se(n,γ) cross section directly affects the stellar yield of the “cold” branch leading to the formation of the s-only 82Kr. Experimentally, there exists only one previous measurement on 80Se using the time of flight (TOF) technique. However, the latter suffers from some limitations that are described in this presentation. These drawbacks have been significantly improved in a recent measurement at CERN n TOF. This contribution presents a summary of the latter measurement and the status of the data analysis.
Investigation of the 7Li(p,n) neutron fields at high energies
Authors: Brückner B. , Erbacher P. , Göbel K. , Heftrich T. , Khasawneh K. , Kurtulgil D. , Langer C. , Nolte R. , Reich M. , Reifarth R. , Weigand M. , Wiescher M. , Volknandt M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The neutron activation method has been proven to be a well-suited tool for the investigation of neutron capture cross sections relevant for the main component of the s-process. Neutrons produced via the 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction at a proton energy of Ep = 1912 keV can be used to recreate a quasi-stellar neutron energy distribution mimicking the astrophysical s-process scenario at kBT = 25keV. For the weak s-process, which takes place in massive stars at temperatures between kBT = 25 keV and kBT = 90 keV, the activation method has not yet been successful in recreating quasi-stellar neutron spectra. However, simulations show that the activation method can be improved in order to recreate a quasi-stellar neutron spectrum at different energies by linear combination of different neutron spectra. In order to verify these simulations the neutron fields of the reaction have to be measured at different proton energies.
The Preliminary Atmospheric Parameters of HD 154713 and HD 137928
Authors: Elmaslı Aslı , C¸alı¸skan S¸eyma , Ünal Kübraözge 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We determined the preliminary atmospheric parameters of the two A type stars HD 154713 and HD 137928. These stars’ high resolution echelle spectra, covering a wavelength range of 3800-7900 A, were obtained from the Coude Echelle Spectrograph attached to the 1.5 m telescope at the TÜBITAK National Observatory on the 24
th
of April 2018. We derived the fundamental parameters by making use of photometric calibrations and profiles of hydrogen Balmer lines in our observed spectra. We estimated the metallicity ([Fe/H]) of HD 154713 as 0.41 and HD 137928 0.29. The metallicity value of HD 154713 may indicate it to be an Am star candidate.
Coulomb dissociation of 16O into 4He and 12C
Authors: Göbel Kathrin , Heil Michael , Bott Lukas , Brandenburg Leonard , Caesar Christoph , Deuter Isabell , Grein Alexander , Keliç-Heil Aleksandra , Körper Daniel , Löher Bastian , Reifarth René , Savran Deniz , Schulte Hendrik , Simon Haik , Törnqvist Hans , Almusidi Tahani , Álvarez-Pol Héctor , Atkins Liam , Aumann Thomas , Bemmerer Daniel , Benlliure José , Boretzky Konstanze , Brückner Benjamin , Eiras Pablo Cabanelas , Casarejos Enrique , Cederkall Joakim , Chulkov Leonid , Cortina-Gil Dolores , Danilov rey , Erbacher Philipp , Rodriguez Sonia Escribano , Fülöp Zsolt , Falduto Ashton , Fiebiger Stefan , Gašparić Igor , Borge Maria José Garcia , Gernhäuser Roman , Glorius Jan , Caamaño David Gonzales , Hartig Anna-Lena , Heftrich Tanja , Heggen Henning , Heine Marcel , Heinz reas , Hensel Thomas , Holl Matthias , Johansson Håkan T. , Jonson Björn , Kalantar-Nayestanaki Nasser , Kamenyero Armel , Khasawneh Kafa , Kiselev Oleg , Klenze Philipp , Kohls Marvin , Kröll Thorsten , Kresan Dmytro , Kurtulgil Deniz , Kurz Nikolaus , Langer Christoph , Lehr Christopher , Litvinov Yuri , Lorenz Enis , Morales Silvia Murillo , Nacher Enrique , Nilsson Thomas , Park Joochun , Paschalis Stefanos , Perea Angel , Petri Marina , Plag Ralf , Ponnath Lukas , Popocovski Romana , Reich Markus , Rhee Han-Bum , Sanchez Jose Luis Rodriguez , Rossi Dominic , Scheit Heiko , Schmidt Konrad , Slavkovská Zuzana , Starostin Viktor , Storck Sonja , Sürder Christian , Tanaka Junki , Tengblad Olof , Thomas Benedikt , Typel Stefan , Varga László , Volk Klaus , Volknandt Meiko , Wagner Vadim , Wamers Felix , Weigand Mario , Zanetti Lorenzo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We measured the Coulomb dissociation of 16O into 4He and 12C at the R3B setup in a first campaign within FAIR Phase 0 at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt. The goal was to improve the accuracy of the experimental data for the 12C(α,γ)16O fusion reaction and to reach lower center-ofmass energies than measured so far.
The experiment required beam intensities of 109 16O ions per second at an energy of 500 MeV/nucleon. The rare case of Coulomb breakup into 12C and 4He posed another challenge: The magnetic rigidities of the particles are so close because of the same mass-to-charge-number ratio A/Z = 2 for 16O, 12C and 4He. Hence, radical changes of the R3B setup were necessary. All detectors had slits to allow the passage of the unreacted 16O ions, while 4He and 12C would hit the detectors’ active areas depending on the scattering angle and their relative energies. We developed and built detectors based on organic scintillators to track and identify the reaction products with sufficient precision.
Stable beam experiments in wide energy ranges serving low energy nuclear astrophysics
Authors: Gyürky Gy. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In experimental nuclear astrophysics it is common knowledge that reaction cross sections must be measured in the astrophysically relevant, low energy ranges or at least as close to them as possible. In most of the cases, however, it is impossible to reach such low energies. The reactions must therefore be studied at higher energies and the cross sections must be extrapolated to lower ones. In this paper the importance of cross section measurements in wide energy ranges are emphasized and a few examples are shown from the areas of hydrogen burning processes and heavy element nucleosynthesis.
Indirect measurements of neutron cross-secti at heavy-ion storage rings
Authors: Henriques A. , Jurado B. , Grieser M. , Denis-Petit D. , Chiron T. , Gaudefroy L. , Glorius J. , Langer C. , Litvinov Yu. A. , Mathieu L. , Méot V. , Pérez-Sánchez R. , Pibernat J. , Reifarth R. , Roig O. , Thomas B. , Thomas B. A. , Thomas J. C. , Tsekhanovich I. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cross sections for neutron-induced reactions of short-lived nuclei are essential for nuclear astrophysics since these reactions in the stars are responsible for the production of most heavy elements in the universe. These reactions are also key in applied domains like energy production and medicine. Nevertheless, neutron-induced cross-section measurements can be extremely challenging or even impossible to perform due to the radioactivity of the targets involved. Indirect measurements through the surrogate-reaction method can help to overcome these difficulties.
The surrogate-reaction method relies on the use of an alternative reaction that will lead to the formation of the same excited nucleus as in the neutron-induced reaction of interest. The decay probabilities (for fission, neutron and gamma-ray emission) of the nucleus produced via the surrogate reaction allow one to constrain models and the prediction of the desired neutron cross sections.
We propose to perform surrogate reaction measurements in inverse kinematics at heavy-ion storage rings, in particular at the CRYRING@ESR of the GSI/FAIR facility. We present the conceptual idea of the most promising setup to measure for the first time simultaneously the fission, neutron and gamma-ray emission probabilities. The results of the first simulations considering the 238U(d,d’) reaction are shown, as well as new technical developments that are being carried out towards this set-up.
Several BBN Constraints on Beyond Standard Model Physics
Authors: Kirilova Daniela , Chizhov Emanuil , Chizhov Vassillen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present several Big Bang Nucleosynthesis constraints on nonequilibrium processes in the Early Universe, representing Beyond Standard Model Physics, including neutrino oscillations, processes with considerable lepton asymmetry, with sterile neutrinos, chiral tensor particles (CTP) interactions, etc.
Spectroscopic Study of 39Ca for Endpoint Nucleosynthesis in Classical Novae
Authors: Liang J , Chen A A , Anger M , Bishop S , Faestermann T , Fry C , Hertenberger R , Psaltis A , Seiler D , Tiwari P , Wirth H-F , Wrede C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Classical novae are environments which can produce heavier elements up to mass A ∼ 40. These nuclides at the endpoint of nova nucleosynthesis consist of elements such as Ar, K, and Ca. There is an order of magnitude discrepancy with the predicted and theoretical abundances of these endpoint nuclides produced in a classical nova. The uncertainty in the theoretical 38K(p,γ)39Ca reaction rate has been shown to affect the abundances by an order of magnitude or more. The only direct measurement of this reaction rate was performed with the DRAGON facility at TRIUMF; however additional spectroscopic data could aid the interpretation of this data as well as motivate further study of this reaction rate. In this study, we present the preliminary results of a spectroscopic study of 39Ca using the 40Ca(d,t)39Ca reaction carried out at the Maier-Leibnitz Laboratory in Garching, Germany.
Extracting capture from transfer reactions
Authors: Nunes F.M. , Poxon-Pearson T. , Catacora-Rios M. , Hlophe L. , Pereira J. , King G.B. , Lovell A.E. , Potel G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Indirect reaction techniques are very important in astrophysics as they provide information that is complementary to direct measurements or that otherwise cannot be obtained directly. It is then critical to have a reliable reaction theory that can connect the reaction measurement with the astrophysical information desired. This is a brief report on the progress made in the theory for transfer reactions when used to determine neutron capture rates for r-process and proton capture for rp-process nuclei. We will discuss the different types of experiments and their connection to astrophysics. An overview of the current status of the theory will be provided, with emphasis on several recent theory developments, including transfer to continuum, the improvement of the optical potential and uncertainty quantification. Applications to a couple of neutron rich and proton rich cases will be discussed.