bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of common chronic conditions to midlife physical function decline: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
Authors: Lange-Maia Brittney S. , Karavolos Kelly , Avery Elizabeth F. , Strotmeyer Elsa S. , Karvonen-Gutierrez Carrie A. , Appelhans Bradley M. , Janssen Imke , Dugan Sheila A. , Kravitz Howard M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Chronic conditions are associated with worse physical function and commonly develop during midlife. We tested whether the presence of 8 chronic conditions, or the development of these conditions, is associated with declines in physical function among midlife women as they transition into early late life.

Methods
Participants (N = 2283) were from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. Physical function was assessed at 8 visits starting at the study’s fourth clinic visit in 2000/2001 through follow-up visit 15 (2015/2017) using the Short Form-36 Physical Function subscale. Chronic conditions included diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, stroke, heart disease, cancer, and depressive symptoms. Repeated-measures Poisson regression modeled associations between 1) prevalent chronic conditions at analytic baseline (visit 4) and longitudinal physical function, and 2) change in physical function associated with developing a new condition. Models were adjusted with the total number of other chronic conditions at visit 4.

Results
In separate fully-adjusted longitudinal models, prevalent heart disease and osteoporosis were associated with 18% (IRR = 0.815, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.755–0.876) and 12% (IRR = 0.876, 95% CI: 0.825–0.927) worse initial physical function, respectively. Prevalent osteoarthritis was associated with approximately 6% (IRR = 0.936, 95% CI: 0.913–0.958) worse initial physical function, and a slight additional worsening over time (IRR = 0.995, 95% CI: 0.994–0.996). A 12% (IRR = 0.878, 95% CI: 0.813–0.950) decrease in physical function concurrent with stroke development was evident, as was accelerated decline in physical function concurrent with heart disease development (IRR = 0.991, 95% CI: 0.988–0.995).

Conclusions
Initial prevalent conditions related to the musculoskeletal system were associated with worse initial physical function, with some evidence of accelerated decline in physical function with osteoarthritis. Stroke and heart disease are less common than osteoarthritis in this age group, but the severe effects of these conditions on physical function shows the need for a greater focus on cardiovascular health during midlife. Women who develop chronic conditions during midlife may be at particular risk for poor physical function as they age, warranting disability prevention efforts focused on this population.
Performance evaluation of high-volume electret filter air samplers in aerosol microbiome research
Authors: Bøifot Kari Oline , Gohli Jostein , Skogan Gunnar , Dybwad Marius 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Reliable identification and quantification of bioaerosols is fundamental in aerosol microbiome research, highlighting the importance of using sampling equipment with well-defined performance characteristics. Following advances in sequencing technology, shotgun metagenomic sequencing (SMS) of environmental samples is now possible. However, SMS of air samples is challenging due to low biomass, but with the use of high-volume air samplers sufficient DNA yields can be obtained. Here we investigate the sampling performance and comparability of two hand-portable, battery-operated, high-volume electret filter air samplers, SASS 3100 and ACD-200 Bobcat, previously used in SMS-based aerosol microbiome research.

Results
SASS and Bobcat consistently delivered end-to-end sampling efficiencies > 80% during the aerosol chamber evaluation, demonstrating both as effective high-volume air samplers capable of retaining quantitative associations. Filter recovery efficiencies were investigated with manual and sampler-specific semi-automated extraction procedures. Bobcat semi-automated extraction showed reduced efficiency compared to manual extraction. Bobcat tended towards higher sampling efficiencies compared to SASS when combined with manual extraction. To evaluate real-world sampling performance, side-by-side SASS and Bobcat sampling was done in a semi-suburban outdoor environment and subway stations. SMS-based microbiome profiles revealed that highly abundant bacterial species had similar representation across samplers. While alpha diversity did not vary for the two samplers, beta diversity analyses showed significant within-pair variation in subway samples. Certain species were found to be captured only by one of the two samplers, particularly in subway samples.

Conclusions
SASS and Bobcat were both found capable of collecting sufficient aerosol biomass amounts for SMS, even at sampling times down to 30 min. Bobcat semi-automated filter extraction was shown to be less effective than manual filter extraction. For the most abundant species the samplers were comparable, but systematic sampler-specific differences were observed at species level. This suggests that studies conducted with these highly similar air samplers can be compared in a meaningful way, but it would not be recommended to combine samples from the two samplers in joint analyses. The outcome of this work contributes to improved selection of sampling equipment for use in SMS-based aerosol microbiome research and highlights the importance of acknowledging bias introduced by sampling equipment and sample recovery procedures.
The pharmacological and clinical aspects behind dose loading of biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in auto-immune rheumatic diseases (AIRDs): rationale and systematic narrative review of clinical evidence
Authors: Geurts-Voerman Gerlienke E. , Verhoef Lise M. , van den Bemt Bart J. F. , den Broeder Alfons A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Dose loading of biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in auto-immune rheumatic diseases (AIRDs) is performed to achieve steady state drug concentrations earlier after treatment start compared to dosing regimens without loading. Although loading inherently results in increased costs, treatment targets in terms of reduced disease activity may be achieved at an earlier state. It is an interesting topic that, surprisingly, has not received much attention in literature.

Methods
In this review, we aimed at providing a theoretical description of the pharmacodynamic / -kinetic rationale for dose loading of bDMARDs in AIRDs and to systematically review the clinical evidence on the effectiveness of dose loading on disease activity in AIRDs.

Results
Only a small number of studies (n = 5) has been published comparing the effectiveness of dose loading versus a regimen without dose loading of bDMARDs in AIRDs, addressing abatacept (n = 2), certolizumab pegol (n = 1), and secukinumab (n = 2). These studies provide insufficient evidence on superiority of dose loading in terms of disease activity compared to a dosing regimen without loading, while safety issues might be comparable.

Conclusions
Although dose loading is commonly adopted for several bDMARDs in AIRDs, scientific evidence on its effectiveness and safety is surprisingly scarce and does not suggest superiority compared to a regimen without dose loading. More research in this field, also with regard to the pharmaco-economic consequences of dose loading, is urgently needed.
A new validated stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of dolutegravir and lamivudine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Noorbasha Khaleel , Nurbhasha Sharmila 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
A fresh selective, rapid, accurate, precise and RP-HPLC stability-indicating method was developed and validated for the quantitative simultaneous determination of dolutegravir and lamivudine in the bulk as well as pharmaceutical dosage form. A chromatographic separation was done by using Inertsil ODS 3V (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column and mobile phase composed of phosphate buffer, pH 3.0:acetonitrile:methanol (50:20:30% v/v/v) with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and the detection of eluents was carried out at a wavelength of 257 nm utilizing a PDA detector. The drugs, dolutegravir and lamivudine, were subjected to varied conditions like base hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, oxidation, thermal, photochemical and UV. The suggested method was analysed statistically and validated to fulfil requirements of International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) and the validation covered accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), robustness, ruggedness and specificity.

Results
The retention time of dolutegravir and lamivudine were observed to be 6.36 and 2.16 min, respectively. The method was found to be linear within the range of 14.98 to 91.25 μg/mL for lamivudine and 2.54 to 15.35 μg/mL for dolutegravir. The percentage recoveries (accuracy) for dolutegravir and lamivudine were in the range of 98.35 to 102.14% and 98.01 to 101.5%. The computed relative variance (%RSD) was within the suitable criterion of less than 2.0.

Conclusion
The suggested method was set to be precise as well as stability-indicating since no interfering degradant peaks and excipients were evident. All the peaks of degradation were successfully resolved by the use of the developed analytical method with altered retention times. Results obtained were analysed statistically and found to be acceptable in line with the ICH guidelines. Hence, such method is often employed successfully for routine analysis of active analytes in the bulk as well as pharmaceutical dosage form. It is going to be extended to review for its estimation in plasma and other biological fluids and may even be employed for quality control stability sample estimation and in cleaning method analysis during cleaning validation.
Seismic imaging of S-wave structures of shallow sediments in the East China Sea using OBN multicomponent Scholte-wave data
Authors: Wang Yuan , Li Zhiwei , Geng Jianhua , You Qingyu , Hao Tianyao , Hu Yaoxing , Zhao Chunlei , Zhang Yan , Liu Yuzhu 
Published: July 2020

The shear-wave (S-wave) structures of shallow marine sediments are important for offshore geotechnical studies, deep crustal S-wave imaging, multicomponent seismic exploration, and underwater acoustics studies. We have applied the multicomponent Scholte-wave analysis technique to an active-source shallow marine seismic profile in the East China Sea. Scholte waves have been excited by shots from a 5450 inch3air-gun array and their recordings have been conducted at the seafloor using ocean bottom nodes (OBNs). First, we extract the common-receiver gathers (CRGs) and correct for the time drift simultaneously using a forward and inverse fast Fourier transform resampling algorithm. Three CRGs of seismic sensors are used for Scholte-wave analysis. Raw sensor CRGs are rotated to the inline, crossline, and vertical coordinate system. The rotated tilt and roll angle are directed using the inner electric compass log value, and the shot inline azimuth is estimated using the particle motion method. Then, the velocity spectra are calculated from the inline and vertical components using the phase-shift method. Higher Scholte-wave modes dominate on the horizontal components, whereas the stronger fundamental mode dominates on the vertical components. The multicomponent velocity spectrum stacking method is adopted to produce the final dispersion energy image. Up to four modes of dispersion curves are retrieved within the 1.1–4.3 Hz frequency band. The multimode dispersion curve inversion is constructed for imaging the shallow sediments. The results suggest a low [Formula: see text] of 180–650 m/s and few lateral variations within the top 0.5 km of shallow marine sediments in the East China Sea. This model can provide an important reference for offshore geotechnical investigations, especially for OBN multicomponent seismic exploration data processing. The use of OBNs has high feasibility in [Formula: see text] imaging for shallow marine sediments when combined with the Scholte-wave dispersion-curve inversion.
Cost-effectiveness of WHO Problem Management Plus for adults with mood and anxiety disorders in a post-conflict area of Pakistan: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hamdani Syed Usman , Huma Zill-e- , Rahman Atif , Wang Duolao , Chen Tao , van Ommeren Mark , Chisholm Dan , Farooq Saeed 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundWith the development of evidence-based interventions for treatment of priority mental health conditions in humanitarian settings, it is important to establish the cost-effectiveness of such interventions to enable their scale-up.AimsTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the Problem Management Plus (PM+) intervention compared with enhanced usual care (EUC) for common mental disorders in primary healthcare in Peshawar, Pakistan. Trial registration ACTRN12614001235695 (anzctr.org.au).MethodWe randomly allocated 346 participants to either PM+ (n = 172) or EUC (n = 174). Effectiveness was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at 3 months post-intervention. Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed as incremental costs (measured in Pakistani rupees, PKR) per unit change in anxiety, depression and functioning scores.ResultsThe total cost of delivering PM+ per participant was estimated at PKR 16 967 (US$163.14) using an international trainer and supervisor, and PKR 3645 (US$35.04) employing a local trainer. The mean cost per unit score improvement in anxiety and depression symptoms on the HADS was PKR 2957 (95% CI 2262–4029) (US$28) with an international trainer/supervisor and PKR 588 (95% CI 434–820) (US$6) with a local trainer/supervisor. The mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) to successfully treat a case of depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) using an international supervisor was PKR 53 770 (95% CI 39 394–77 399) (US$517), compared with PKR 10 705 (95% CI 7731–15 627) (US$102.93) using a local supervisor.ConclusionsThe PM+ intervention was more effective but also more costly than EUC in reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression and improving functioning in adults impaired by psychological distress in a post-conflict setting of Pakistan.
The Resilient Child: Sex-Steroid Hormones and COVID-19 Incidence in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Mihalopoulos Meredith , Levine Alice C , Marayati Naoum Fares , Chubak Barbara M , Archer Maddison , Badani Ketan K , Tewari Ashutosh K , Mohamed Nihal , Ferrer Fernando , Kyprianou Natasha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease–2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has become an unprecedented global health emergency, with fatal outcomes among adults of all ages in the United States, and the highest incidence and mortality in adult men. As the pandemic evolves there is limited understanding of a potential association between symptomatic viral infection and age. To date, there is no knowledge of the role children (prepubescent, ages 9-13 years) play as “silent” vectors of the virus, with themselves being asymptomatic. Throughout different time frames and geographic locations, the current evidence on COVID-19 suggests that children are becoming infected at a significantly lower rate than other age groups—as low as 1%. Androgens upregulate the protease TMPRSS2 (type II transmembrane serine protease-2), which facilitates efficient virus-host cell fusion with the epithelium of the lungs, thus increasing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of severe COVID-19. Owing to low levels of steroid hormones, prepubertal children may have low expression of TMPRSS2, thereby limiting the viral entry into host cells. As the world anticipates a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the role of prepubescent children as vectors transmitting the virus must be interrogated to prepare for a potential resurgence of COVID-19. This review discusses the current evidence on the low incidence of COVID-19 in children and the effect of sex-steroid hormones on SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and clinical outcomes of pediatric patients. On reopening society at large, schools will need to implement heightened health protocols with the knowledge that children as the “silent” viral transmitters can significantly affect the adult populations.
Revolution on Trial
Authors: Karla Anna , Pestel Friedemann 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Mémoires de Wéber, concernant Marie-Antoinette were of central importance to the wave of memoirs of the French Revolution published during the Restoration period. Commonly attributed to Joseph Weber, Marie-Antoinette's foster brother, the Mémoires' authorship has always remained doubtful. This article discusses the text's complex origins in the London émigré community around 1800 and analyzes the process by which it became a canonic eyewitness account with its republication in 1822. In light of newly discovered sources and recent scholarly interest in the emigration and postrevolutionary period, this article reexamines the Mémoires as a case of ghostwriting revolving around royalist loyalties, public emotions, and publication strategies. Highlighting personal networks reaching from the Revolution to the emigration and into Restoration France, this article makes a case for reconsidering generational factors, long-term relations, and interpretative struggles among the eyewitnesses of the Revolution in a period when memoirs became a key element of turning the Revolution into contemporary history.Les Mémoires de Wéber, concernant Marie-Antoinette ont contribué de manière décisive à la vague des mémoires sur la Révolution française publiés pendant la Restauration. Généralement attribué à Joseph Weber, le frère de lait de Marie-Antoinette, la paternité littéraire de ce texte a pourtant toujours été douteuse. Cet article retrace les origines complexes du manuscrit au sein de la communauté d'émigrés à Londres autour de 1800. A travers l'édition de 1822, il démontre comment les Mémoires de Wéber se transformaient ensuite en témoignage oculaire canonique. Utilisant des sources jusque-là inconnues et des travaux récents sur l'émigration et la période postrévolutionnaire, nous proposons de réexaminer ces Mémoires comme un exemple de « ghostwriting » influencé par des loyautés royalistes, des émotions publiques et des stratégies de publication. En mettant l'accent sur les réseaux personnels reliant Révolution, émigration et Restauration, cet article souligne les facteurs générationnels, les relations à long terme et les combats d'interprétation parmi les témoins oculaires de la Révolution à une époque où les mémoires formaient un élément-clé de l'histoire contemporaine émergente de la Révolution française.
Acute bilirubin encephalopathy and its associated risk factors in a tertiary care hospital, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Munir , Rehman Abdur , Adnan Mudasser , Surani Muhammad Khalil 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To determine the incidence of acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) and its risk factors in neonates presenting with hyperbilirubinemia in a tertiary care children hospital.
Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted from June 2018 to June 2019. A total of 300 infants who were admitted in neonatal ICU with diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia in The Children’s Hospital & The Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan were included in this period. Incidence of ABE was noted. ABE was divided into two categories on the basis of severity of symptoms; mild ABE and moderate to severe ABE. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) in all neonates was measured in all patients in hospital laboratory using colorimetric method. ABO incompatibility and Rh factor incompatibility was also noted for each neonate.
Results: Out of 300 neonates who presented with hyperbilirubinemia, ABE was diagnosed in only 42 (14.0%) neonates (mild ABE in 17 (5.7%) and moderate in 25 (8.3%). Out of 42 neonates of ABE, total serum bilirubin levels were 20-29.9 mg/dL in 24 (40.5%) neonates, and >30 mg/dL in 18 (42.8%) neonates. Pre-term birth was a significant risk factor of ABE; 23.8% in ABE and 10.70% in non-ABE (p-value 0.01). During treatment, 02 (4.76%) neonates expired due to ABE.
Conclusion: In present study, ABE was diagnosed in 14.0% neonates who presented with hyperbilirubinemia. We found pre-term delivery as a significant risk factor of ABE.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2222
How to cite this:Ahmad M, Rehman A, Adnan M, Surani MK. Acute bilirubin encephalopathy and its associated risk factors in a tertiary care hospital, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1189-1192. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2222
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
FAZENDO ANA PAZ: A METAFICÇÃO NO FAZER LITERÁRIO DE LYGIA BOJUNGA
Authors: Gamboni Gabriela Trevizo 
Published: July 2020

Esse artigo tem por objetivo estudar a metaficção na obra Fazendo Ana Paz (1991) de Lygia Bojunga, além de estabelecer suas correlações no tocante ao emprego das estratégias autorreferenciais. Almejamos refletir acerca desse recurso como motivador e instigador de um leitor mais reflexivo e crítico, haja vista que, ao se deparar com narrativas metaficcionais, ele não será um mero consumidor, mas, sim, um colaborador na construção dessas narrativas. A participação do leitor nessa (re)construção do texto literário acaba por ser um convite a experimentar os bastidores da produção artística, incitando-o a tornar-se mais reflexivo e a realizar uma leitura menos ingênua. A metaficção gera certa instabilidade, pelo deslocamento do foco de atenção para o processo de criação da narrativa, muda-se o foco da história contada para o como essa história é contada. Além disso, o papel do leitor também é alterado, pois aqui ele passa a ser coautor, um colaborador do processo. Pensando em tais implicações, trazemos Fazendo Ana Paz (1991) uma vez que nos adentramos na ficção a partir de uma autora que, com um tom informal, conta ao seu leitor como surgiu a necessidade de escrever, expondo seu fazer literário, situando o leitor pelos caminhos da construção de suas narrativas, e também a confecção de seus personagens, deixando “à mostra” todo o processo.Palavras-chave: Metaficção; Lygia Bojunga; Criador; Criatura.
HARRY POTTER: A INTERTEXTUALIDADE ESTRANHAMENTE FAMILIAR
Authors: Rodrigues da Silveira Murizine Branco Nathan 
Published: July 2020

A antiguidade clássica tinha por ideal a beleza. O bem falar, o bem portar-se, bem como a boa habilidade em guerrear e até mesmo a bela morte refletiram e ainda refletem nas obras de arte. Entretanto, alguns autores buscam prender a atenção do público com a estranheza. Harry Potter é por excelência uma obra estranha. Este estudo busca compreender o conceito do Estranho em Freud, Benjamin e Chklovski, observando sua presença em Harry Potter como recurso para prender a atenção do jovem leitor.
High-performance nanowire ultraviolet light-emitting diodes with potassium hydroxide and ammonium sulfide surface passivation
Authors: Bui Ha Quoc Thang , Velpula Ravi Teja , Jian Barsha , Philip Moab Rajan , Tong Hien Duy , Lenka Trupti Rajan , Nguyen Hieu Pham Trung 
Published: July 2020

Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and ammonium sulfide

(

N
H

4

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2

S

x

have been used as a surface passivation treatment to improve the electrical and optical performance of AlGaN nanowire ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Enhancements in photoluminescence at 335 nm (49%), optical output power (65%), and electroluminescence (83%), with respect to the as-grown nanowire LED are recorded for the AlGaN nanowire UV LEDs with surface passivation. These enhancements are attributed to the reduced nonradiative recombination on the nanowire surfaces. This study provides a potential surface passivation approach to produce high-power AlGaN nanowire LEDs operating in the UV spectrum.