bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Ecology and Evaluation of Suppression Scenarios for Introduced Utah Chub
Authors: Roth Curtis J. , Beard Zachary S. , Flinders Jon M. , Quist Michael C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Introduced Utah Chub Gila atraria were first sampled in Henrys Lake, Idaho, in 1993, and their presence in the system is a concern given possible interactions with sport fishes. Our objective was to describe the population dynamics of Utah Chub in Henrys Lake. A total of 362 Utah Chub was sampled via gill nets, with an average catch rate of 20.5 fish/net-night (SE = 6.0) during May 2016. Average TL was 210 mm (SE = 3), and average weight was 134 g (SE = 5). Pectoral fin rays were used to provide estimates of growth and age structure. Utah Chub varied in age from 2 to 12 years, and recruitment was stable (recruitment coefficient of determination = 0.96). Estimated total annual mortality was 40% (SE = 4%). Fecundity of Utah Chub in Henrys Lake increased with length and varied from 6,232 to 156,797 eggs/female. Age-structured population models were constructed using the demographics data, and estimated average population growth rate over a 10-year period was 1.17. This study provides a comprehensive description of Utah Chub population dynamics and insight on their management in systems where they are not native. This information is not only useful for guiding management actions but also serves to further our understanding of Utah Chub ecology.
High Yielding Acid‐Catalysed Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Polysaccharides and Native Biomass into Low Molecular Weight Sugars in Mixed Ionic Liquid Systems
Authors: Bodachivskyi Iurii , Kuzhiumparambil Unnikrishnan , Bradley G. Williams D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIonic media comprising 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride and the acidic deep eutectic solvent choline chloride/oxalic acid as co‐solvent‐catalyst, very efficiently convert various cellulosic substrates, including native cellulosic biomass, into water‐soluble carbohydrates. The optimum reaction systems yield a narrow range of low molecular weight carbohydrates directly from cellulose, lignocellulose, or algal saccharides, in high yields and selectivities up to 98 %. Cellulose possesses significant potential as a renewable platform from which to generate large volumes of green replacements to many petrochemical products. Within this goal, the production of low molecular weight saccharides from cellulosic substances is the key to success. Native cellulose and lignocellulosic feedstocks are less accessible for such transformations and depolymerisation of polysaccharides remains a primary challenge to be overcome. In this study, we identify the catalytic activity associated with selected deep eutectic solvents that favours the hydrolysis of polysaccharides and develop reaction conditions to improve the outcomes of desirable low molecular weight sugars. We successfully apply the chemistry to raw bulk, non‐pretreated cellulosic substances.
Predicting Response to Epidural Steroid Injections for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis with Biomarkers and Electromyography
Authors: Lin Chung‐Kuang , Borresen Aleksander , Kroll Mitchell , Annaswamy Thiru M. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundEpidural steroid injections (ESIs) may be beneficial for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) symptoms. Past studies found interferon‐gamma, fibronectin‐aggrecan complex, and electromyography (EMG) to predict patients' response to ESIs for other spinal pathologies, but no similar studies have been done for LSS.ObjectiveTo explore the ability of biomarkers and EMG to help predict outcome after ESI in LSS.DesignProspective observational cohort.SettingThe physical medicine & rehabilitation spine clinic at a tertiary care center.ParticipantsEleven patients with LSS were recruited from the spine clinic at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center.InterventionsParticipants underwent one interlaminar ESI. Before ESI, the following data were collected: pain intensity on visual analog scale (VAS), disability via the Pain Disability Questionnaire (PDQ) and LSS symptoms via the Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire (SSSQ), serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein level, standard diagnostic EMG, assay of epidural lavasate (epidural saline lavage performed immediately prior to ESI) and serum cytokine biomarkers indicative of inflammation.Outcome MeasuresLeg pain intensity (VAS), disability (PDQ), LSS symptoms (SSSQ) and satisfaction (SSSQ satisfaction subscale) were assessed at 1 and 2 months following ESI. Pearson correlational coefficients were calculated between independent variables and outcome measures.ResultsSerum monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) level positively correlated with improvement on 2‐month satisfaction. Abnormal EMG finding of radiculopathy positively correlated with improvement in PDQ score at 1 month. Epidural cytokine levels were not detectable in most samples, except for scattered marginally elevated levels in a few cytokines such as MCP‐1, RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted) and interleukin‐1b.ConclusionsThis exploratory pilot study revealed that some biomarkers and EMG findings indicative of inflammation and nerve root injury may be predictive of improvement following ESI in patients with LSS. The results of this study will be used to inform a fully powered study to further evaluate these relationships in LSS patients.
Assessing Depression Following Injury or Illness: Preliminary Validation of the Neuropsychology.Org Measures of Anxiety and Depression (NOMAD) Scale
Authors: Jacobson Kristin , Faris Allison , Olson Alexis , DeBellis Michael , Wanlass Richard 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionEvaluation is an important aspect of any evidence‐based rehabilitation program, as it helps to determine the course and scope of the prescribed therapy. Several brief, empirically validated measures of depression are available, yet these measures lack a few innovative features that are useful when evaluating rehabilitation and other medical populations. Such features include a retrospective self‐report of premorbid psychological status, embedded symptom validity measures, and means of quickly accounting for physiological symptoms directly resulting from injury or illness that may not indicate psychological distress.ObjectiveThis was a preliminary study investigating the utility and psychometric properties, including normative data, of the Neuropsychology.Org Measures of Anxiety and Depression (NOMAD) Depression scale. This brief screening measure for rehabilitation and other medical patients provides ratings of current and preinjury/illness depression levels, and a screening for symptom magnification and minimization.DesignClinical and control participants completed the NOMAD Depression scale. Clinical participants also completed some or all of the following criterion standard measures: Beck Depression Inventory—Second Edition (BDI‐II), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised (SCL‐90‐R).SettingUniversity hospital–based rehabilitation psychology and neuropsychology clinic and a private neuropsychology and pain psychology practice.ParticipantsConvenience sample of 575 adults referred for neuropsychological or psychological evaluation, along with 85 undergraduate control subjects.Main Outcome MeasurementsNOMAD Depression scale results were correlated with criterion standards. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were calculated.ResultsThe NOMAD Depression scale demonstrated moderate convergent validity with other brief mood measures: correlation coefficients (r = .76 to .87, P < .001). Adequate diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were found (area under the curve [AUC] = .81). Suggested cut‐off scores for severity ranges are presented for the NOMAD Depression scale Total score and separately for the Cognitive‐Affective subscale.ConclusionsThese preliminary results suggest that the NOMAD Depression scale may be clinically useful for quick assessment of mood and mood change following injury/illness in rehabilitation and other health care contexts.
Fungal isolate and crop cultivar influence the beneficial effects of root inoculation with entomopathogenic fungi in strawberry
Authors: Canassa Fernanda , D'Alessandro Celeste P , Sousa Sidcleide B , Demétrio Clarice GB , Meyling Nicolai V , Klingen Ingeborg , Delalibera Italo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDRoot inoculations of crop plants with beneficial fungi constitute a promising strategy for growth promotion and control of above‐ground pests and diseases. Here, strawberry roots (cultivar ‘Albion’ and ‘Pircinque’) were inoculated with 25 different Brazilian entomopathogenic fungal isolates of three genera and the effects on Tetranychus urticae oviposition and plant growth were evaluated in greenhouse experiments.RESULTSReductions in the number of T. urticae eggs compared to control treatments were observed on both cultivars inoculated with almost all isolates. For the cultivar ‘Albion’, Metarhizium anisopliae (ESALQ 1604, ESALQ 1669), M. robertsii (ESALQ 1622, ESALQ 1635), Metarhizium sp. Indet. (ESALQ 1684) and Beauveria bassiana (ESALQ 3323) increased dry weight of roots and leaves, and fruit yield, while M. robertsii (ESALQ 1634), Metarhizium sp. Indet. (ESALQ 1637) and (ESALQ 1636) enhanced fruit yield and dry weight of leaves, respectively. For the cultivar ‘Pircinque’, M. anisopliae (ESALQ 1669) was the only isolate observed to increase dry weight of roots.CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that inoculation of strawberry roots with entomopathogenic fungi may be an innovative strategy for pest management above ground. Furthermore, these inoculations may also stimulate plant growth and strawberry production, but the effects depend on fungal strains and crop cultivar. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Resisting Epistemic Blackout: Illustrating Afrocentric Methodology in a Kenyan Classroom
Authors: Wandera David B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article is based on the assumption that indigenous communities have a capacity to generate knowledge, and this capacity is largely underutilized or peripheralized in mainstream research. In this empirical qualitative study, the author makes a case for employing local non‐Western analytic tools, in addition to Western analytic tools, to develop a fuller understanding of literacy practices in non‐Western spaces. Through an interepistemic synergy approach, the author employed indexicality and interactional sociolinguistics on the one hand and Afrocentric methodology on the other hand in analyzing data produced in a grades 5 and 9 literacy collaboration in Nairobi, Kenya. This study illustrates deeper understandings of data on language use that scholars of language and literacy might derive through taking up an interepistemic synergy approach. Such understandings include tracking how multilingual speakers in postcolonial spaces modulate power imbalance and navigate layers of cross linguistic coevocation informed by contested ideologies and worldviews. The analysis also spotlights how local fingerprints of multilingualism and multiethnicity endure in written text in spite of language surveillance in a Standard Kenyan English–dominated classroom space. Taken together, these understandings cast a unique local aspect on language and literacy practices that goes beyond an emic‐etic approach. Most crucially, this article is an illustrative resource for scholars and other stakeholders to address the existing epistemic imbalance that manifests through overrepresentation of Western(ized) analytic tools in constituting the metalanguage for analyzing data on language and literacy.
Forced motion of a cylinder within a liquid-filled elastic tube – a model of minimally invasive medical procedures
Authors: Vurgaft Amit , Elbaz Shai B. , Gat Amir D. 
Published: October 2019

This work analyses the viscous flow and elastic deformation created by the forced axial motion of a rigid cylinder within an elastic liquid-filled tube. The examined configuration is relevant to various minimally invasive medical procedures in which slender devices are inserted into fluid-filled biological vessels, such as vascular interventions, interventional radiology, endoscopies and laparoscopies. By applying the lubrication approximation, thin shell elastic model, as well as scaling analysis and regular and singular asymptotic schemes, the problem is examined for small and large deformation limits (relative to the gap between the cylinder and the tube). At the limit of large deformations, forced insertion of the cylinder is shown to involve three distinct regimes and time scales: (i) initial shear dominant regime, (ii) intermediate regime of dominant fluidic pressure and a propagating viscous-peeling front, (iii) late-time quasi-steady flow regime of the fully peeled tube. A uniform solution for all regimes is presented for a suddenly applied constant force, showing initial deceleration and then acceleration of the inserted cylinder. For the case of forced extraction of the cylinder from the tube, the negative gauge pressure reduces the gap between the cylinder and the tube, increasing viscous resistance or creating friction due to contact of the tube and cylinder. Matched asymptotic schemes are used to calculate the dynamics of the near-contact and contact limits. We find that the cylinder exits the tube in a finite time for sufficiently small or large forces. However, for an intermediate range of forces, the radial contact creates a steady locking of the cylinder inside the tube.
Understanding the barriers affecting psychologists’ adherence to evidence-based treatment guidelines from a stakeholder standpoint
Authors: Haider Tahira , Dunstan Debra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPsychologists’ adherence with evidence-based guidelines based on the biopsychosocial premise in the management of musculoskeletal injuries is influenced by the actions by General Practitioners (GPs), insurers, and injured patients’ actions. For data collection, we interviewed GPs (n = 6), insurers (n = 6), and injured people (n = 15) from the two personal injury compensation schemes in New South Wales. Thematic analysis yielded the following: GPs were reticent to access psychological services that represented a poor fit between their practice and treatment guidelines, insurers lacked trust in the validity of “secondary psychological injury” claims’. Injured peoples’ willingness to engage with treatment was impaired by a poor fit between the treatment guidelines and their experience of insurers’ and psychologists’ practices.
First Mesozoic procercopids in mid-Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea)
Authors: Fu Yanzhe , Cai Chenyang , Huang Diying 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo new genera and two new species of Procercopidae, Paranthoscytina xiai gen. et sp. nov., and Burmocercopis lingpogensis gen. et sp. nov., are described and illustrated based on two well-preserved specimens in mid-Cretaceous amber (c. 99 Ma) from northern Myanmar. Our discovery represents the first record of amber-entombed Procercopidae from the Mesozoic, widening the duration and biogeographic distribution of this extinct family. They also represent the latest record of Procercopidae, which fills the gap of Cercopoidea evolution during the mid-Cretaceous.
Reexamining the restraint pathway as a conditional process among adolescent girls: When does dieting link body dissatisfaction to bulimia?
Authors: Morrissey Rebecca A. , Gondoli Dawn M. , Corning Alexandra F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe mediational sequence from body dissatisfaction through dieting to bulimia—often referred to as the “restraint pathway”—has been validated in numerous samples of adolescent girls, but the prevalence rate of bulimic pathology pales in comparison to rates of body dissatisfaction and dieting in this risk group. This discrepancy indicates that the restraint pathway may only apply to adolescent girls possessing certain characteristics or experiencing certain circumstances. Accordingly, the current study examined the moderating roles of thin-ideal internalization, interoceptive deficits, and age by using self-report data from a community sample of 353 middle school (n= 115), high school (n= 112), and college girls (n= 126). We found that (a) body-dissatisfied girls who reported high, versus low, thin-ideal internalization engaged in greater dietary restraint; (b) only dieters who reported high interoceptive deficits and were of college age expressed bulimic symptoms; and (c) the mediating effect pertained only to college girls with high interoceptive deficits, but was strongest for those who reported high, versus low, thin-ideal internalization. These results suggest that the restraint pathway's precision may be fine-tuned through greater sensitivity to potentiating factors and developmental context. Theoretical, empirical, and practical implications are discussed.
Psychological Symptoms and Rates of Performance Validity Improve Following Trauma-Focused Treatment in Veterans with PTSD and History of Mild-to-Moderate TBI
Authors: Jurick Sarah M. , Crocker Laura D. , Merritt Victoria C. , Hoffman Samantha N. , Keller Amber V. , Eglit Graham M. L. , Thomas Kelsey R. , Norman Sonya B. , Schiehser Dawn M. , Rodgers Carie S. , Twamley Elizabeth W. , Jak Amy J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjective:Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) history have high rates of performance validity test (PVT) failure. The study aimed to determine whether those with scores in the invalid versus valid range on PVTs show similar benefit from psychotherapy and if psychotherapy improves PVT performance.Method:Veterans (N = 100) with PTSD, mild-to-moderate TBI history, and cognitive complaints underwent neuropsychological testing at baseline, post-treatment, and 3-month post-treatment. Veterans were randomly assigned to cognitive processing therapy (CPT) or a novel hybrid intervention integrating CPT with TBI psychoeducation and cognitive rehabilitation strategies from Cognitive Symptom Management and Rehabilitation Therapy (CogSMART). Performance below standard cutoffs on any PVT trial across three different PVT measures was considered invalid (PVT-Fail), whereas performance above cutoffs on all measures was considered valid (PVT-Pass).Results:Although both PVT groups exhibited clinically significant improvement in PTSD symptoms, the PVT-Pass group demonstrated greater symptom reduction than the PVT-Fail group. Measures of post-concussive and depressive symptoms improved to a similar degree across groups. Treatment condition did not moderate these results. Rate of valid test performance increased from baseline to follow-up across conditions, with a stronger effect in the SMART-CPT compared to CPT condition.Conclusion:Both PVT groups experienced improved psychological symptoms following treatment. Veterans who failed PVTs at baseline demonstrated better test engagement following treatment, resulting in higher rates of valid PVTs at follow-up. Veterans with invalid PVTs should be enrolled in trauma-focused treatment and may benefit from neuropsychological assessment after, rather than before, treatment.
Associations of early-life growth with health using an allostatic load score in young, urban African adults: Birth to Twenty Plus Cohort
Authors: McGowan Craig J. , Norris Shane A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGrowth in early life is associated with various individual health outcomes in adulthood, but limited research has been done on associations with a more comprehensive measure of health. Combining information from multiple biological systems, allostatic load (AL) provides such a quantitative measure of overall physiological health. We used longitudinal data from the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort in South Africa to calculate an AL score at age 22 years and examined associations with birth weight and linear growth and weight gain from age 0 to 2 years and 2 to 5 years, as attenuated by trajectories of body mass index and pubertal development in later childhood and adolescence. Differences in total AL score between males and females were small, though levels of individual biological factors contributing to AL differed by sex. Increased weight gain from age 2 to 5 years among males was associated with an increased risk of high AL, but no other early-life measures were associated with AL. Increased adiposity through childhood and adolescence in females was associated with higher AL in early adulthood. These results illustrate that patterns of early-life growth are not consistently associated with higher AL. While more research is needed to link AL in young adulthood to later health outcomes, these results also suggest increased adiposity during childhood and adolescence represents a potential early sign of later physiological risk.
Genetic correlations between pain phenotypes and depression and neuroticism
Authors: Meng Weihua , Adams Mark J. , Reel Parminder , Rajendrakumar Aravind , Huang Yu , Deary Ian J. , Palmer Colin N. A. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Smith Blair H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCorrelations between pain phenotypes and psychiatric traits such as depression and the personality trait of neuroticism are not fully understood. In this study, we estimated the genetic correlations of eight pain phenotypes (defined by the UK Biobank, n = 151,922–226,683) with depressive symptoms, major depressive disorders and neuroticism using the the cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) method integrated in the LD Hub. We also used the LDSC software to calculate the genetic correlations among pain phenotypes. All pain phenotypes, except hip pain and knee pain, had significant and positive genetic correlations with depressive symptoms, major depressive disorders and neuroticism. All pain phenotypes were heritable, with pain all over the body showing the highest heritability (h2 = 0.31, standard error = 0.072). Many pain phenotypes had positive and significant genetic correlations with each other indicating shared genetic mechanisms. Our results suggest that pain, neuroticism and depression share partially overlapping genetic risk factors.