bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of body knotting behavior used for escape in a diversity of hagfishes
Authors: Haney W. A. , Clark A. J. , Uyeno T. A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHagfishes possess flexible bodies that allow them to tie and manipulate body knots. These knots are used to remove mucous from the body, escape tight spaces, pull prey from burrows and, since they lack opposable jaws, to create leverage during feeding events. Despite its importance, knotting is poorly understood because this fast and three‐dimensionally complex behavior is difficult to study both in the laboratory and in their natural benthic habitats. To consistently stimulate analyzable knotting behaviors, we developed a novel restraint device to record high‐speed, biplanar video in three species of hagfish from two major taxa (Eptatretinae and Myxininae): Eptatretus stoutii, Eptatretus springeri and Myxine glutinosa. These data were analyzed to characterize knot type and kinematics of knot formation. We found that despite reduced radii of curvature and strain associated with more complex knots, all species of hagfish preferred the simplest overhand knots. While all species were physically capable of tying more complex knots, E. stoutii exhibited a lower ‘behavioral’ stiffness by tying complex knots more frequently and coiling when at rest. The hyper‐flexible, hyper‐redundant hagfish body may require a high level of neural input for control. However, analyses of knotting motions indicate that hagfish seem to employ only four movements (body bends, twists, surface contacts and tail insertions into body loops) but in different combinations depending on the knot being tied. Furthermore, these movements and combinations are conserved across all species tested. We hypothesize that control of knotting in hagfish may employ motor primitives to reduce neural input.
Clinical utility of hepatocellular carcinoma risk scores in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Voulgaris Thodoris , Papatheodoridi Margarita , Lampertico Pietro , Papatheodoridis George V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral risk scores have been recently developed to predict hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. We systematically assessed the performance of the available HCC risk scores.MethodsLiterature search was performed to identify all published studies reporting development or external validation of HCC risk scores in CHB patients.ResultsUntil March 2019, 12 scores were developed in untreated Asian and 7 scores in treated Asian (n = 6) or Caucasian (n = 1) patients. All scores provided significant predictions for HCC development in the derivation and validation cohorts of their original studies (c‐statistic: 0.76‐0.95) and usually classified patients into low, medium and high HCC risk groups. Eleven independent studies and three studies developing their own scores have validated externally some scores in Asian (GAG‐HCC:5, CU‐HCC:6, REACH‐B:6, REACH‐Bm:4, LSM‐HCC:3, PAGE‐B:5) or Caucasian/mixed origin patients (GAG‐HCC:4, CU‐HCC:4, REACH‐B:4, PAGE‐B:2). All scores offered acceptable predictability in almost all independent Asian cohorts (c‐statistic: 0.70‐0.86), but only PAGE‐B and recently modified PAGE‐B (mPAGE‐B) offered good predictability in all independent Caucasian and/or Asian cohorts. Negative predictive values for 5‐year HCC prediction were ≤99% (95%‐99%) in most independent cohorts assessing Asian risk scores and 99%‐100% in all independent cohorts (Caucasian/mixed origin:2; Asian:3) assessing PAGE‐B and/or recently mPAGE‐B.ConclusionsDirect comparison of the newest HCC risk scores in independent patient cohorts of different origin remains intriguing, although statistical associations may not be directly transferable to clinical practice. PAGE‐B and recently mPAGE‐B score seem to offer persistently high predictability for Caucasian and/or Asian treated patients with low HCC risk who require no surveillance.
Congenital antithrombin deficiency in patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis
Authors: Baiges Anna , de la Morena‐Barrio María Eugenia , Turon Fanny , Miñano Antonia , Alberto Ferrusquía Jose , Magaz Marta , Reverter Juan Carlos , Vicente Vicente , Hernández‐Gea Virginia , Corral Javier , García‐Pagán Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsSplanchnic vein thromboses (SVT) are a rare condition that can be life‐threatening. The most severe thrombophilia associated to SVT is antithrombin (AT) deficiency, usually caused by SERPINC1 mutations. Although transitory AT deficiencies and congenital disorders of the N‐glycosylation pathways (CDG) have been recently reported as causes of AT deficiency, the current AT clinical screening still only includes anti‐FXa activity. This study aims to (a) improve the detection of AT deficiency in SVT and (b) characterize the features of AT deficiency associated with SVT.MethodsThe study was performed in 2 cohorts: (a) 89 SVT patients with different underlying etiologies but in whom AT deficiency had been ruled out by classical diagnostic methods; and (b) 271 unrelated patients with confirmed AT deficiency and venous thrombosis. AT was evaluated by functional (anti‐FXa and anti‐FIIa) and immunological methods (ELISA, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, western blot), and SERPINC1 sequencing was performed.ResultsIn 4/89 patients (4.5%) additional alterations in AT were found (two had SERPINC1 mutations, one had a specific variant causing transient AT deficiency and one patient had CDG). In 11 of the 271 patients (4.1%) with AT deficiency and thrombosis, thrombosis was located at the splanchnic venous territory.ConclusionsAntithrombin deficiency may be underdiagnosed by current clinical screening techniques. Therefore, a comprehensive AT evaluation should be considered in cases of rethrombosis or doubtful interpretation of anti‐FXa activity levels. SVT is a relatively common localization of the thrombotic event in patients with congenital AT deficiency.
Wireless motility capsule compared with scintigraphy in the assessment of diabetic gastroparesis
Authors: Sangnes Dag A. , Søfteland Eirik , Bekkelund Mattis , Frey Jakub , Biermann Martin , Gilja Odd Helge , Dimcevski Georg 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundGastroparesis is a potentially severe late complication of diabetes mellitus. Today, delayed gastric emptying (GE) is mandatory for establishing the diagnosis. In this study, we compared wireless motility capsule (WMC) with gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES).MethodsSeventy‐two patients (49 women) with diabetes mellitus (59 type 1) and symptoms compatible with gastroparesis were prospectively included between 2014 and 2018. Patients were simultaneously examined with GES and WMC. Symptoms were assessed with the Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity Index (PAGI‐SYM) questionnaire. All patients were on intravenous glucose‐insulin infusion during testing.Key ResultsWMC and GES correlated r = .74, P < .001. Compared to GES, WMC at ordinary cutoff for delayed GE (300 minutes) had a sensitivity of 0.92, specificity 0.73, accuracy 0.80, and Cohen's kappa κ = 0.61 (P < .001). By receiver operating characteristics (ROC), the area under the curve was 0.95 (P < .001). A cutoff value for delayed GE of 385 minutes produced sensitivity 0.92, specificity 0.83, accuracy 0.86, and Cohen's kappa κ = 0.72 (P < .001). Inter‐rater reliability for GE time with WMC was r = .996, κ = 0.97, both P < .001. There was no difference in symptom severity between patients with normal and delayed GE.Conclusions & InferencesOur findings demonstrate the applicability of WMC as a reliable test to assess gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis showing very high inter‐observer correlation. By elevating the cutoff value for delayed emptying from 300 to 385 minutes, we found higher specificity without reducing sensitivity.
Prediction of postoperative lower respiratory tract infections in tongue cancer patients based on pretreatment swallowing function
Authors: Deng Wei , Yang Le , Xie Chunqing , Lu Huanzi , Xiao Yudong , Zeng Bin , Liang Yujie , Liao Guiqing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the predictive role of pretreatment swallowing function and surgical factors on postoperative and nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections (PN‐LRTIs).Subjects and methodsA retrospective study for predicting PN‐LRTIs from January 2017 to December 2018 at Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen University. Patients who were newly diagnosed with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) were enrolled. Presurgical swallowing function was assessed using water swallow test (WST) and the M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI).ResultsA total of 83 patients were recruited to the study. Of which 54 were men (65.1%) and 29 were women (34.9%), with the mean age of 51 years old. Thirteen (15.7%) developed PN‐LRTIs. On univariate analysis, the outcomes of WST, the MDADI scores, T stage, tongue resection range, operative time, segmental mandibulectomy, and type of neck dissection exhibited a statistical significance (p < .05). On multivariate analysis, abnormal group of WST (odds ratio [OR], 15.88; 95% CI, 2.13–118.64) and total glossectomy (OR, 12.20; 95% CI, 2.01–68.32) was demonstrated to be independent risk factors.ConclusionsThe WST together with the resection range of tongue can predict the postoperative risk of PN‐LRTIs collaboratively. Clinically, preventive measures and intensified care should be taken for patients with abnormal WST outcome before surgery and management of total glossectomy.
The value of “us”—Expressions of togetherness in couples where one spouse has dementia
Authors: Swall Anna , Williams Christine , Marmstål Hammar Lena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundLiving with dementia involves both illness and health, and self‐care and care from others. As most persons with dementia live in their own homes, dementia affects not only the person with the disease, but also family, commonly the partner. Research shows that spousal carers feel as though they are losing their partners since they can no longer share thoughts, feelings and experiences as a couple.AimThe aim of the study was to describe the sense of togetherness of the spouses when one spouse has dementia.MethodThe sample consists of 18 recorded conversations between 15 persons with dementia and their spouses. The filmed conversations were transcribed verbatim and then analysed using qualitative content analysis.FindingsOne overarching theme arose: Dementia preserved and challenged the value of “us.” It can be challenging for a couple in which one partner has dementia to preserve a sense of togetherness and to have the relationship they wish for.ConclusionBased on our results, we suggest that practitioners should help couples to strengthen their bond as a couple so as to maintain a sense of well‐being. Future studies should examine couplehood under differing conditions, such as long‐ versus short‐term relationships. Prior relationship quality may also be a factor that influences the sense of couplehood following a serious health challenge, such as dementia.Implication for practiceWhen spouses were able to live together, their relationship was enriched at many levels. Their love for each other strengthened them as a unit – as an “us” – where togetherness seemed to be strong. Future studies need to examine whether the sense of couplehood varies depending on the length of the relationship (i.e., a relationship of many years or a relatively new relationship).
What are we asking for when requesting “Specialling” for the confused hospitalised older person? A concept analysis
Authors: Coyle Miriam Anne , Wilson Valerie , Lapkin Samuel , Traynor Victoria 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and/or rationale“Specialling” is a common nursing practice in hospitals which entails the allocation of extra staff to be with an older person who is confused to maintain safety. Despite ongoing use, this practice has little evidence of effectiveness. To facilitate further investigation, a concept analysis of “specialling” was undertaken.AimsThe aim of this paper was to report on a concept analysis on the practice of “specialling” pertaining to older people who have cognitive impairment when in hospital.MethodsThis study used Rodgers evolutionary approach to concept analysis to clarify the attributes, antecedents and consequences of the concept to determine a definition of “specialling.” Web of Science (Core Collection and Web of Science Medline), CINAHL and SCOPUS databases were searched to identify relevant literature. Due to the scarcity of papers, the search was broadened to include all sources that could add understanding.FindingsA total of (n = 43) sources were identified. The attributes were themed to 5 categories: Labels and descriptions; the “Special” role; Patient safety; Patient care; and Communication. The antecedents to 2 themes: Patient characteristics; and Organisational risk. The consequences of “specialling” were diverse with 6 themes: the “Special” role; the Older persons experience; Costly; “Special” use and nursing beliefs; Safety outcomes; and Opportunities.DiscussionThe process of concept analysis provided a means to identify knowledge gaps and practice challenges. The definition determined from this analysis has provided a reflective opportunity for clinicians and researchers to consider when implementing care initiatives to support older people in hospital. Important is the lack of person‐centred approaches and the opportunities in developing nurse leadership through empowerment. The findings from this analysis will inform a PhD study.Implications for practiceNurses have an opportunity to lead care improvements by ensuring person‐centred approaches in the care of older people with cognitive impairment.
Pediatric airway management education and training
Authors: Hunyady Agnes , Polaner David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEducation in medicine, informed by research findings, is moving away from the traditional apprenticeship model and increasingly embraces new, active learning methodologies. In this article, we will review these methodologies along with adult learning theories; we explore the available evidence on acquisition and maintenance of pediatric airway management skills, including technical and nontechnical skills. We recall the elements of a competency‐based curriculum and how they can be applied in pediatric airway skill training and suggest mapping strategies based on research evidence. We propose future directions in education and educational research in the field.
Novel treatment of refractory / recurrent pulmonary hepatoblastoma
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Tong , Chang Jian , Yao Yun‐ming , Li Ya‐nan , Zhong Xiao‐dan , Liu Zi‐ling 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is no consensus about how to manage pulmonary metastasis in patients with hepatoblastoma. We reviewed a treatment with a combination of oxaliplatin, vincristine, and topotecan (OVT) paired with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of 12 patients with multiple refractory / recurrent pulmonary hepatoblastoma.MethodsThe medical records from patients with ≤21 years of age presenting with multiple deposits (≥2) of refractory / recurrent pulmonary hepatoblastoma were reviewed. The following data were extracted from each patient: age, gender, histological subtyping, cycles of OVT, tumor size, biomarkers, chemotherapy regimen and dosage, RFA details, treatment response, follow up, and patient outcomes. The primary outcome measure was the complete response (CR) of pulmonary diseases, and secondary outcomes were event‐free survival rate and overall survival rate.ResultsOf 12 assessable patients, three (25%) (95% CI, 46.3–104) patients achieved PR (partial resopnse) after they finished OVT. After RFA, five (41.7%) (95% CI, 8.95–74.4) patients achieved CR (complete response). The 2 year event‐free survival rate was 33% (95% CI, 20.5–64.6). The 2 year overall survival for the study group was 41.7% (95% CI, 8.9–74.4). All toxicity events were handled satisfactorily and no toxic related deaths were observed.ConclusionsOur review report shows that OVT combined with RFA can be a successful treatment modality for previously heavily treated refractory / recurrent pulmonary metastatic lesions from hepatoblastoma.
Generalized and specific anxiety in adolescents following heart transplant
Authors: McCormick Amanda D. , Schumacher Kurt R. , Zamberlan Mary , Uzark Karen , Yu Sunkyung , Lowery Ray , Rottach Nichole , Cousino Melissa K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMental health concerns are associated with worse outcomes after adult heart transplant. Illness‐specific anxiety is associated with worsened psychological well‐being after other solid organ transplants but has never been characterized after pediatric heart transplant. This single‐center cross‐sectional study aimed to evaluate illness‐specific and generalized anxiety after heart transplantation in adolescents. A novel 12‐item PHTF, GAD‐7, and the PedsQL were administered. Univariate associations of demographics, clinical features, and medication adherence as measured by immunosuppression standard deviation with the PHTF and GAD‐7 scores were evaluated. Internal consistency and validity of the PHTF were examined. In total, 30 patients participated. The most common illness‐specific fears were retransplantation, rejection, and more generally post‐transplant complications. The PHTF had good internal consistency (Cronbach α = .88). Construct validity was demonstrated between PHTF and GAD‐7 (r = .62) and PedsQL (r = −.54 to −.62). 23% endorsed moderate to severe generalized anxiety symptoms. More severe symptoms were associated with older age at survey (P = .03), older age at listing (P = .01) and having post‐transplant complications (P = .004). Patients with moderate or severe symptoms were more likely to report late immunosuppression doses (P = .004). Illness‐specific and generalized anxiety may be prevalent after pediatric heart transplant. Screening for anxiety in adolescents post‐transplant may identify those at risk for adverse outcomes including non‐adherence. The PHTF is a brief, valid, and reliable instrument identifying illness‐specific anxiety in this population.
Cryptosporidiosis among solid organ transplant recipient attendees at a summer camp
Authors: McAteer John , Jernigan Stephanie , Mao Chad , Gonzalez Mark D. , Watson Renee J. , Liverman Rochelle , Tobin‐D Angelo Melissa , Dishman M. Hope , Shane Andi , Yildirim Inci 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe report a cluster of pediatric cryptosporidiosis infections among solid organ transplant recipients at a summer camp in Georgia, USA. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for infection. A total of 118 campers attended the camp during July 23‐28, 2017. The overall attack rate among campers during the outbreak was 11% (13/118). Sanger‐based amplicon sequencing of stool specimens from 7 (80%) campers identified Cryptosporidium hominis as the suspected etiologic agent. All infected campers were heart or kidney transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The median reported symptom duration was 12 days (range 6‐18 days) and 9 (69.2%) were hospitalized for at least one night (median length of stay 5 days, range 2‐16 days). There were no deaths or acute rejection events attributed to infection. The results of the epidemiologic and environmental investigation suggest a recreational pool as the presumed source, although there was no direct evidence to support this. Many long‐term interventions were implemented, and there have been no further outbreaks at the camp in the following two years. This outbreak demonstrates that cryptosporidiosis may be associated with notable burden in pediatric transplant recipients, and illustrates the challenges associated with source identification and containment.
Photodynamic Therapy for Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Yano Tomonori , Wang Kenneth K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe clinical application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for gastrointestinal (GI) neoplastic lesions has been developed with appreciation for the great efforts and kind support of Dr. Tom Dougherty and his followers’ contributions. There are several published studies on clinical PDT in the field of GI oncology. Esophageal cancer was one of the first clinical indications for PDT that was approved as an endoscopic procedure in both the United States and Japan. PDT was initially used as a palliative local treatment for patients with obstructive esophageal cancer. PDT is also indicated for eradicative therapy for dysplastic Barret’s esophagus, which is the precursor state of esophageal adenocarcinoma, with the support of level one evidence. In Japan, PDT was approved as a curative treatment for superficial esophageal carcinoma lesions, which are difficult to treat with endoscopic resection. Further, PDT using second‐generation photosensitizers is approved for early local failure after radiotherapy, for which treatment with other modalities is difficult. PDT has also been assessed in other GI cancers, including gastric cancer, biliary cancer and pancreatic cancer. In this review, we overview the history and state of PDT for GI cancer.
EGY3: homologue of S2P protease located in chloroplasts
Authors: Adamiec M. , Misztal L. , Kasprowicz‐Maluśki A. , Luciński R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

The EGY3 protein is a homologue of site‐2 proteases, which are intramembrane zinc metalloproteases. EGY3 itself lacks proteolytic activity due to the absence of a zinc‐binding motif. Plentiful evidence indicates that such intramembrane ‘pseudoproteases’ play significant roles in many diverse processes occurring within the cell. However, the physiological functions of EGY3, as well as its subcellular localization, remain unknown.

The subcellular localization of EGY3 protein was investigated using Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts transformed with EGY3‐GFP fusion protein, and immunoblot experiments using the total leaf protein extract, as well as highly purified chloroplasts and fractions of stroma, envelope and thylakoid membrane proteins. The physiological role of EGY3 was studied using two A. thaliana mutant lines devoid of EGY3 protein. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurement was performed and the egy3 mutant sensitivity to photoinhibition was investigated. Additionally, the abundance of thylakoid membrane complexes was established using blue native gel electrophoresis.

We present experimental evidence for thylakoid membrane localization of the EGY3 protein.

We show that egy3 mutants display increased value of the non‐photochemical quenching parameter and significantly slower recovery rate after photoinhibitory treatment. This was associated with a decrease in the level of proteases involved in photosystem II recovery, Deg1 and FtsH2/8.