bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long term alterations of growth after antenatal steroids in preterm twin pregnancies
Authors: Braun Thorsten , Filleböck Vivien , Metze Boris , Bührer Christoph , Plagemann Andreas , Henrich Wolfgang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the long-term effects of antenatal betamethasone (ANS, ≤16 mg, =24 mg and >24 mg) in twins on infant and childhood growth.

Methods
A retrospective cohort follow up study among 198 twins after ANS including three time points: U1 first neonatal examination after birth and in the neonatal period; U7 examination from the 21st to the 24th month of life and U9 examination from the 60th to the 64th month of life using data from copies of the children’s examination booklets. Inclusion criteria are twin pregnancies with preterm labor, cervical shortening, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or vaginal bleeding, and exposure to ANS between 23+5 and 33+6 weeks. Outcome measures are dosage-dependent and sex-specific effects of ANS on growth (body weight, body length, head circumference, body mass index and ponderal index) up to 5.3 years.

Results
Overall, 99 live-born twin pairs were included. Negative effects of ANS on fetal growth persisted beyond birth, altered infant and childhood growth, independent of possible confounding factors. Overall weight percentile significantly decreased between infancy and early childhood by 18.8%. Birth weight percentiles significantly changed in a dose dependent and sex specific manner, most obviously in female-female and mixed pairs. The ponderal index significantly decreased up to 42.9%, BMI index increased by up to 33.8%.

Conclusions
ANS results in long-term alterations in infant and childhood growth. Changes between infancy and early childhood in ponderal mass index and BMI, independent of dose or twin pair structure, might indicate an ANS associated increased risk for later life disease.

Synopsis
First-time report on long-term ANS administration growth effects in twin pregnancies, showing persisting alterations beyond birth in infant and childhood growth up to 5.3 years as potential indicator of later life disease risk.
COVID-19 during pregnancy: an overview of maternal characteristics, clinical symptoms, maternal and neonatal outcomes of 10,996 cases described in 15 countries
Authors: Figueiro-Filho Ernesto Antonio , Yudin Mark , Farine Dan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The objective of this review was to identify the most significant studies reporting on COVID-19 during pregnancy and to provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women and perinatal outcomes. Eligibility criteria included all reports, reviews; case series with more than 100 individuals and that reported at least three of the following: maternal characteristics, maternal COVID-19 clinical presentation, pregnancy outcomes, maternal outcomes and/or neonatal/perinatal outcomes. We included eight studies that met the inclusion criteria, representing 10,966 cases distributed in 15 countries around the world until July 20, 2020. The results of our review demonstrate that the maternal characteristics, clinical symptoms, maternal and neonatal outcomes almost 11,000 cases of COVID-19 and pregnancy described in 15 different countries are not worse or different from the general population. We suggest that pregnant women are not more affected by the respiratory complications of COVID-19, when compared to the outcomes described in the general population. We also suggest that the important gestational shift Th1-Th2 immune response, known as a potential contributor to the severity in cases of viral infections during pregnancy, are counter-regulated by the enhanced-pregnancy-induced ACE2-Ang-(1–7) axis. Moreover, the relatively small number of reported cases during pregnancy does not allow us to affirm that COVID-19 is more aggressive during pregnancy. Conversely, we also suggest, that down-regulation of ACE2 receptors induced by SARS-CoV-2 cell entry might have been detrimental in subjects with pre-existing ACE2 deficiency associated with pregnancy. This association might explain the worse perinatal outcomes described in the literature.
An iterative Markov rating method
Authors: Devlin Stephen , Treloar Thomas , Creagar Molly , Cassels Samuel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We introduce a simple and natural iterative version of the well-known and widely studied Markov rating method. We show that this iterative Markov method converges to the usual global Markov rating, and shares a close relationship with the well-known Elo rating. Together with recent results on the relationship between the global Markov method and the maximum likelihood estimate of the rating vector in the Bradley–Terry (BT) model, we connect and explore the global and iterative Markov, Elo, and Bradley–Terry ratings on real and simulated data.
I feel like and it feels like: Two paths to the emergence of epistemic markers
Authors: Brook Marisa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The collocation I feel like has attracted American media attention for reportedly being newly ubiquitous (Baker 2013, Smith 2015, Worthen 2016). While I have proposed that it is becoming an epistemic marker in North American dialects of English (Brook 2011: 65), I have made this prediction of (it) feels like as well. The present study artificially restricts the conventional envelope of variation to evaluate what distinguishes these two phrases in vernacular Canadian English. I feel like is the more frequent by far, but (it) feels like shows a specialization for metaphorical subordinate clauses rather than concrete ones. I interpret this as a case of persistence (Torres Cacoullos and Walker 2009). Before the arrival of the like complementizer, the only predecessors to ’(it) feels like were (it) feels as if and (it) feels as though, and both as if and as though have a preference for metaphoricality (Brook 2014). I feel like was also preceded by options with ’as if and as though, but counterbalanced with that and Ø, which prefer concrete subordinate clauses (Brook 2014). The results attest to the value to be found in (cautiously) conducting a microscopic study of a corner of the envelope of variation.
Analysis of expression and prognosis of KLK7 in ovarian cancer
Authors: Chen Erhua , Zhu Huifang , Yang Yue , Wang Ling , Zhang Jianhua , Han Yonghong , Liu Xiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Ovarian cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in female reproductive organs. Kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) 7 is a secreted serine peptidase that is related to different cancer. To investigate the expression and significance of KLK7 in ovarian cancer.

Materials and methods
The expression of KLK7 in human ovarian cancer was evaluated by Oncomine and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database. Then the co-expression genes relevant to the KLK7 gene were analyzed by the Pearson correlation test. Finally, the impact of KLK7 on clinical prognosis was investigated in distinct subtypes of ovarian cancer patients by UALCAN database and Kaplan–Meier plotter database.

Results
It was found that the expression of KLK7 was higher in ovarian cancer compared with other types of cancer, such as gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. The expression of KLK7 was found to be increased in four various ovarian cancer data sets compared with the healthy tissues. In addition, upregulation of KLK7 expression was associated with age and cancer stage. Moreover, survival analysis revealed that higher KLK7 expression was negatively associated with progression-free survival.

Conclusion
Knowledge of the expression of KLK7 may be useful for better understanding the outcome in ovarian cancer patients.
On-chip broadband nonreciprocal light storage
Authors: Merklein Moritz , Stiller Birgit , Vu Khu , Ma Pan , Madden Stephen J. , Eggleton Benjamin J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBreaking the symmetry between forward- and backward-propagating optical modes is of fundamental scientific interest and enables crucial functionalities, such as isolators, circulators, and duplex communication systems. Although there has been progress in achieving optical isolation on-chip, integrated broadband nonreciprocal signal processing functionalities that enable transmitting and receiving via the same low-loss planar waveguide, without altering the frequency or mode of the signal, remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate a nonreciprocal delay scheme based on the unidirectional transfer of optical data pulses to acoustic waves in a chip-based integration platform. We experimentally demonstrate that this scheme is not impacted by simultaneously counterpropagating optical signals. Furthermore, we achieve a bandwidth more than an order of magnitude broader than the intrinsic optoacoustic linewidth, linear operation for a wide range of signal powers, and importantly, show that this scheme is wavelength preserving and avoids complicated multimode structures.
Non-Hermitian and topological photonics: optics at an exceptional point
Authors: Parto Midya , Liu Yuzhou G. N. , Bahari Babak , Khajavikhan Mercedeh , Christodoulides Demetrios N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the past few years, concepts from non-Hermitian (NH) physics, originally developed within the context of quantum field theories, have been successfully deployed over a wide range of physical settings where wave dynamics are known to play a key role. In optics, a special class of NH Hamiltonians – which respects parity-time symmetry – has been intensely pursued along several fronts. What makes this family of systems so intriguing is the prospect of phase transitions and NH singularities that can in turn lead to a plethora of counterintuitive phenomena. Quite recently, these ideas have permeated several other fields of science and technology in a quest to achieve new behaviors and functionalities in nonconservative environments that would have otherwise been impossible in standard Hermitian arrangements. Here, we provide an overview of recent advancements in these emerging fields, with emphasis on photonic NH platforms, exceptional point dynamics, and the very promising interplay between non-Hermiticity and topological physics.
Crystal structure of 4-bromobenzaldehyde – complete redetermination at 200 K, C7H5BrO
Authors: Ndima Lubabalo , Cuthbertson Jarryd , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
C7H5BrO, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 27.3992(18) Å, b = 3.9369(2) Å, c = 12.8006(8) Å, β = 103.504(2) Å, V = 1342.60(14) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0469, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1103, T = 200(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2-((4-Aminophenyl)thio)acetic acid, C8H9NO2S
Authors: Maritz Marius , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
C8H9NO2S, triclinic, P

1
¯

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 6.6909(5) Å, b = 7.9787(6) Å, c = 8.5551(6) Å, α = 80.065(3)°, β = 68.175(3)°, γ = 77.676(4)°, V = 412.01(5) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0263, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0784, T = 200(2) K.
Synthesis and crystal structure of tert-butyl (2′R,3R,3′R,4a′R,9a′S)-1-acetyl-5-chloro-3″-methyl-2,5″,9′-trioxo-1″-phenyl-1″,4a′,5″,9a′-tetrahydro-1′H,3′H,9′H-dispiro[indoline-3,4′-xanthene-2′,4″-pyrazole]-3′-carboxylate, C36H32ClN3O7
Authors: Li Wu-Wu , Gu Yuan-Zi , Cao Lei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
C36H32ClN3O7, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 11.4608(5) Å, b = 12.1489(5) Å, c = 23.1684(7) Å, V = 3225.9(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0588, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1546, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure and spectroscopic properties of chlorido{hydridotris[3-,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl-κN3]borato}(3-,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl-κN)copper(II), C20H30BClCuN8
Authors: Fujisawa Kiyoshi , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractC20H30BClCuN8, monoclinic,P21/c(no. 14),a = 17.1345(7) Å,b = 7.8207(2) Å,c = 19.0213(8) Å,β = 108.268(1)°,V = 2420.46(16) Å3,Z = 4,Rgt(F) = 0.0322,wRref(F2) = 0.0876,T = 184 K.
Crystal structure of benzylthiouronium chloride, C8H11ClN2S
Authors: Maritz Marius , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
C8H11ClN2S, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 11.3126(6) Å, b = 8.3567(4) Å, c = 20.4130(11) Å, V = 1929.76(17) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0240, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0680, T = 200 K.
In-situ Polymerization of exfoliated structure PA6/organo-clay nanocomposites
Authors: Sun Yiming , Mei Jie , Hu Huan , Ying Jiru , Zhou Weiyi , Zhao Xipo , Peng Shaoxian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Montmorillonite (MMT) was modified with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) to obtain organomontmorillonite (OMMT) by stirring and pulsed ultrasonic mixing. Polyamide 6 (PA6)/OMMT nanocomposites were then prepared via in-situ polymerization.The resulting OMMT and PA6/OMMT nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results suggested that the OMMT interlayer distance was greatly increased to 3.13 nm due to CTAB being inter-calated into the MMT galleries. The OMMT interlayer distance was further enlarged to 10-20 nm during the polymerization process. The OMMT layers were exfoliated into nanoscale layers and uniformly dispersed in the molten ∈-caprolactam and PA6 matrix, and exfoliated structure nanocomposites were formed.
The Internal Structure of Perfective Adjectives: States and Blocking
Authors: Fábregas Antonio , Marín Rafael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The goal of this article is to discuss the nature of so-called perfective adjectives in Spanish (desnudo ‘naked,’ suelto ‘loose’). We do so through a discussion of the problem that participles are blocked by perfective adjectives in some contexts (Dejó la habitación {limpia / ∗limpiada} ‘He left the room {clean / ∗cleaned}). We will argue that perfective adjectives contain in their internal structure a StateP that can contextually be interpreted as a result state; this head has morphological, syntactic and semantic effects, and makes the structure spelled out by the perfective adjective identical to the one associated with a small participle, with the result that a principle of lexical economy blocks the participial morphology in situations where only the small participle is allowed.
The Use of the Glottal Stop as a Variant of /s/ in Puerto Rican Spanish
Authors: Mohamed Sherez , Muntendam Antje 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the glottal stop in word-final position as a variant of /s/ in Puerto Rican Spanish. Previous research (Tellado González 2007; Valentín-Márquez 2006) generally focused on the glottal stop in word-final position between vowels (e.g., /lasalas/ ‘the wings’). In this paper, we investigate the glottal stop not only in this context, but also in word-final position when preceded by a vowel and followed by a consonant (e.g., /lostakos/ ‘the tacos’), and in word-final position when preceded by a vowel and followed by a pause (e.g., /los takos#/ ‘the tacos’). Specifically, the effects of following segment, stress of the following syllable, gender, age, and English use and proficiency on glottal stop production were investigated. The data came from sociolinguistic interviews with 19 participants (8 female, 11 male; Age range: 18–63 years) from San Juan, Carolina, and Guaynabo. The results showed that the glottal stop occurred not only between vowels, but also when followed by a consonant or a pause. Additionally, the glottal stop appeared significantly more before stressed syllables. There were no significant effects of age or gender. Although the effects of English use and proficiency were not significant, we discuss the potential role that contact with English may play in glottalization rates.
The impact of orally administered gadolinium orthovanadate GdVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles on the state of phospholipid bilayer of erythrocytes
Authors: Tkachenko Anton , Onishchenko Anatolii , Klochkov Vladimir , Kavok Nataliya , Nakonechna Oksana , Yefimova Svetlana , Korniyenko Yevgen , Ryshchenko Igor , Posokhov Yevgen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the state of phospholipid bilayer of red blood cells (RBCs) in rats orally exposed to gadolinium orthovanadate GdVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles (VNPs) during two weeks using fluorescent probes − ortho-hydroxy derivatives of 2,5-diaryl-1,3-oxazole.

Methods
Steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy: a study by the environment-sensitive fluorescent probes − 2-(2′-OH-phenyl)-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazole (probe O1O) and 2-(2′-OH-phenyl)-phenanthro[9,10]-1,3-oxazole (probe PH7).

Results
No significant changes are detected in the spectra of the fluorescent probes bound to the RBCs from the rats orally exposed to nanoparticles in comparison with the corresponding spectra of the probes bound to the cells from the control group of animals. This indicates that, in case of the rats orally exposed to nanoparticles, no noticeable changes in physico-chemical properties (i.e., in the polarity and the proton-donor ability) are observed in the lipid membranes of RBCs in the region, where the probes locate.

Conclusions
No changes in the physical and chemical properties of the erythrocyte membranes are detected in the region from glycerol backbones of phospholipids to the center of the phospholipid bilayer in the rats orally exposed to VNPs during 2 weeks.
INVESTIGATION OF BIOPLASTIC PROPERTIES DEVELOPED FROM ACRYLATE EPOXIDIZED SOYBEAN OIL THROUGH RING OPENING POLYMERIZATION PROCESS
Authors: Yu Hiew Ming , Gupta Arun , Gupta Ritu , Husain Saad Bala 
Published: October 2020

Soybean oil is one of the major vegetable oils containing more than 99% of triglycerides
of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and has become an interesting source to produce
bioplastic. This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of bioplastic
developed by the acrylate epoxidized soybean oil through ring opening polymerization
process. The mechanical properties of the samples were characterized using Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis and the physio-chemical
properties of the bioplastics were studied. In this study, the bioplastic made up from
soybean oil with the lowest glycerol concentration showed the best mechanical properties.
FACTORIAL ANALYSIS ON PROCESSING FACTORS FOR NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM CONTENTS IN MUSHROOM WASTE
Authors: Zainol Norazwina , Mohamed Ameen Muhammad Faiz , Abdul Rahman Sunarti , Rinalto Muhammad Adib , Muhammad Nor Nur Syahirah 
Published: October 2020

The agriculture industry relies heavily on the use of bio-fertilizer and the main components in bio-fertilizer are nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K). Thus, a study was conducted to identify the N, P, and K contents in mushroom waste (MW). These components are numerous building blocks that plants need for healthy growth. Therefore, by increasing the N, P and K contents in MW, it can be utilized to produce high and better quality of bio-fertilizer. Five independent factors, i.e., aging of waste (fresh 0 day & aged 14 days), waste pH (7 & 8.5), composition [MW only & mixture of MW & spent medium (SM)], technique of drying (oven 50 °C & sunlight), and MW size (powder & cut) were the affecting factors on N, P, and K contents in MW. A 25-1 fractional factorial design was used to investigate the effect of the independent factors as well as the interaction factors on the N, P, and K contents. The N, P, and K contents were measured using HACH spectrophotometer. The objective of this research is to identify the best combination of processing factors. Some of the independent factors were shown to have significant effects on the N, P and K contents. The results showed that the most significant factor in N content are MW size and aging of waste, while for P and K contents are technique of drying and MW size. The best condition was identified to maximize the amount of N, P, and K contents in MW. The identified conditions were the MW aged for 7 days, MW size at powder form, waste pH at 7, drying under sun light and the composition MW only. Based on the proposed best condition the N (12.08 mg/L), P (3.04 mg/L), and K (8.09 mg/L) contents were achieved. The results show that fractional factorial design was suitable in investigating the effect of a large number of factors with a minimum number of experiments.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MICRO-STRUCTURAL STUDY OF SINTERED ALUMINIUM METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES BY P/M TECHNIQUE
Authors: BEHERA RAJESH KUMAR , PANIGRAHI SARAT CHANDRA , SAMAL BIRAJENDU PRASAD , PARIDA PRAMOD KUMAR 
Published: October 2020

Material world requires a strong research to produce a new class of materials having light weight, higher strength and better performances. This has been leads to investigate for high strength light weight alloy. The main objective in developing aluminium metal matrix composites is to provide enhanced characteristic performances and properties above the currently available materials. Based upon the literature a new type of aluminium composite has been tries to develop which will offer attractive mechanical properties such as high strength, easy machinability, appreciable density, and low manufacturing cost etc. Aluminum powders of 99.55% purity and 325 mesh sizes are mixed with alloying metals like Copper, Magnesium, Silicon and Silicon Carbide powders in a precisely controlled quantity. During the process of powder metallurgy (P/M) product preparation, it was minutely observed to attain the maximum efficiency and accuracy. Aluminium (Al) is a light weight material but doesn’t possess a good strength. To achieve this, Copper (Cu), Silicon (Si), Magnesium (Mg) & Silicon Carbide (SiC) powders were blended with it at required proportions. The compaction was carried out with help of a C-45 steel die by power compaction press with a load of 150KN to 250KN. The obtained green products were sintered in a Muffle furnace to produce the final Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) product.
Relative Pronouns in Light of Epigraphic Evidence:The Province of Lusitania*
Authors: Gaspar Catarina , Tantimonaco Silvia 
Published: October 2020

Summary:This paper focuses on the uses and forms of the relative pronouns as evidenced from the Latin epigraphy in Lusitania. Inscriptions are considered from the 1st to the 8th century AD, with special attention being paid to the future developments in the Portuguese language. To this purpose, other in- scriptions or documents of a different nature dated to later chronologies are also considered as a point of comparison.
Bricht Der Thesaurus Linguae Latinae mit dem Jahr 600 n. Chr. ab? Der ThLL als spätlateinisches Wörterbuch
Authors: Schrickx Josine 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn introductions to the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae it is always stated that the ThLL considers all texts up to about 600 AD. But what does this mean in concrete terms: ‘all’ and ‘up to approx. 600’? Is an inscription from the year 610 still cited? And how did the ThLL define this limit? I will deal with these questions here. In addition, I will briefly explain to what extent the ThLL is not only the most comprehensive Latin dictionary, but also the only modern Late Latin dictionary.