bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal relationship between the child value, parenting stress, and controlling parenting attitudes and the self‐esteem of children: Applying the actor‐partner interdependence model (APIM) using a latent growth model
Authors: Han Jeong‐Won , Lee Hanna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThis is a descriptive longitudinal study conducted to identify the effects of the perception of child value by parents on parenting stress, controlling parenting attitudes, and children's self‐esteem.MethodsThe present study targeted parents aged 19 years or older and their children who participated in the fourth through to the eighth Panel Study on Korean Children. The study examined the longitudinal relationship of the effect of parental factors on self‐esteem in children, and applied an actor‐partner interdependent model to analyze the effect of interactions with parents.ResultsThe paternal instrumental value had a partner effect on the rate of change in maternal parenting stress, while the maternal instrumental value of children had an actor effect on the rate of change in maternal parenting stress. The baseline value of parenting stress had an actor effect on the baseline value of controlling parenting attitudes, while the rate of change in maternal parenting stress had a partner effect on paternal controlling parenting attitudes and an actor effect on the rate of change in maternal controlling parenting attitudes. The baseline value and rate of change in controlling parenting attitudes were found to influence self‐esteem in children.ConclusionReducing parenting stress by increasing the parents' positive perception of the value of children can be helpful in maintaining a consistent parenting attitude by parents, which can have a positive effect on self‐esteem in children. It is important to provide intervention and management of variables related to self‐esteem in children using a long‐term and multidimensional approach.
Three‐dimensional analysis of the segmental arrangement of lower lung lobes in human fetuses: is this arrangement a miniature version of adult morphology?
Authors: Cai Peiyun , You Yaqian , Jin Zhe‐Wu , Murakami Gen , Wilting Jőrg , Hayashi Shogo , Rodríguez‐Vázquez Jose Francisco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractKnowledge of the lung segment system is essential for understanding human anatomy and has great clinical relevance. The arrangement of 11 segments, including the S* or subsuperior segment, and its individual variations, are considered to be the same in fetal and adult lungs. The present study assessed the topographical anatomy of lower segmental and subsegmental bronchi by computer‐assisted three‐dimensional imaging of serial sagittal sections of both lungs of 22 embryos and fetuses of gestational age 6–7 weeks (crown–rump length 15.0–28.5 mm). Long inferior courses of B8b (basal) and B10c (medial) were observed in sagittal sections of both lungs. B8a (lateral) and B10b (lateral) in the right lungs were consistently underdeveloped, with S9 occupying most of the lateral half of the lower lobe. In some samples, B6b (lateral) did not reach the lateral surface. The lateral dominance of S9 was also seen in the left lungs. Some B* candidates were present, but B7 candidates were absent. Lateral and posterior expansions of S6b, S8a and S10b to cover S9 were observed in additional midterm and near‐term lung sections, indicating that the original S9 dominance was 'corrected' by an increase in lung volume. Delayed growth of the lower lateral subsegments might induce mechanical stress, resulting in aberrant notches or fissures, such as those separating an independent posterior lobe. The segmental arrangement of fetal lungs was not stable, but was altered over a long fetal period after the complete subsegmental division of the bronchi, except for the minor bronchi B* and B7.
Recent advances in the histopathological assessment of salivary disease
Authors: Chegini Soudeh , Brennan Peter A. , Rahimi Siavash , Shakib Kaveh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSalivary gland disease includes a wide range of unique and rare conditions that are treated by ear, nose and throat (ENT), oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS) and oral medicine specialists. Histopathological diagnosis is pivotal to making a diagnosis and treatment planning. There is a vast range of conditions and controversies in the histopathological assessment of salivary gland diseases. Most colleagues in oral pathology and oral medicine work closely with the OMFS but might have missed some of the recent articles published by the speciality.MethodsWe reviewed articles thought to be relevant to oral medicine and pathology specialists published over an 8‐year period between 2012 and 2019 in the leading British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (BJOMS).ResultsA total of 44 published articles relating to the histopathology of salivary glands disease were selected. Papers were published on population studies, benign and malignant tumours, sialadenitis, metastasis to the parotid gland and cytology. The publication type and numbers published were as follows: review (n = 9), meta‐analysis/randomised controlled study (n = 1), retrospective study (n = 10) and case report/technical notes (n = 23).ConclusionsThe greatest proportion of publications published in BJOMS were case reports. This emphasises the paucity of consensus and the need for development in this field. Salivary gland disease remains an area with many controversies and would benefit from further research.
Evaluation of analytical and statistical approaches for predicting in vitro nitrogen solubility and in vivo pre‐caecal crude protein digestibility of cereal grains in growing pigs
Authors: Rosenfelder‐Kuon Pia , Krieg Jochen , Sauer Nadja , Eklund Meike , Spindler Hanna Katharina , Strang Elisa Johanna Pauline , Siegert Wolfgang , Rodehutscord Markus , Schenkel Hans , Mosenthin Rainer 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDifferent analytical (enzyme system and near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)) and statistical (single and multiple regressions) approaches were used to predict in vivo standardized pre‐caecal digestibility (PCD) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in cereal grains for growing pigs as well as in vitro nitrogen (N) solubility. Furthermore, different chemical and physical characteristics were categorized (e.g. crude nutrients, AA, minerals, fibre components or combinations of these) and used for generating prediction equations. There were strong linear relationships (p < .05) between in vivo PCD of CP and essential AA and in vitro N solubility when grain species was considered as covariate in the model. Predicting in vivo PCD values using various chemical and physical characteristics produced inconsistent results among different grain species and AA and could therefore not be used for predicting PCD. It is possible to predict in vitro N solubility from chemical and physical characteristics for some grain species. However, the relationships between some of these categories and the in vitro N solubility were not consistent and not always causative or physiologically explainable. The R2 of NIRS for predicting in vitro N solubility was at a relatively high level (up to R2 = 0.80). This level of R2 indicates that a classification of the grain samples in, for example, high, medium and low in vitro N solubility levels is possible, but it does not allow for a quantitative prediction of the in vitro N solubility. In conclusion, the present database can be used for establishing a ranking of different cereal grain species for PCD of CP and essential AA values. However, it was not possible to create clear prediction equations for in vivo or in vitro digestibility values. Therefore, greater variation within grain species, for example due to different growing and harvesting conditions, is warranted for predicting PCD values of individual grain samples.
Techniques to Improve Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Roberts Joan E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy [dye‐light therapy] is an excellent technique for use in detection and treatment of cancerous tissues. While this therapy is effective, it is limited by the phototoxic reactions that can occur in the surrounding normal tissues. These damaging side effects are of particular importance when treating neurosensory organs, such as the human eye. We report here new treatment strategies to enhance photodynamic effectiveness while limiting side effects to normal tissues.
Material irreligion: The role of media in atheist studies
Authors: Chalfant Eric 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite the material turn in the study of religion and the humanities and social sciences more broadly, many scholars still tend to treat atheism as a purely intellectual or philosophical position. Recent scholarship has begun to seriously examine the emotional, material, and sociopolitical bases of contemporary and historical atheism, but more work remains to be done. In particular, scholars of atheism need to pay close attention to the role of media in the emergence of atheism as a collective self‐identity. Atheism appears particularly vulnerable to a scholarly cognitivist bias that overemphasizes the importance of religious belief or lack thereof. Media studies, by emphasizing the importance of materiality in the fashioning of human subjects, can provide an important corrective to this bias.
Bayesian Hierarchical Modelling of Growth Curve Derivatives via Sequences of Quotient Differences
Authors: Page Garritt L. , Rodríguez-Álvarez María Xosé , Lee Dae-Jin 
Published: February 2020

SummaryGrowth curve studies are typically conducted to evaluate differences between group or treatment-specific curves. Most analyses focus solely on the growth curves, but it has been argued that the derivative of growth curves can highlight differences between groups that may be masked when considering the raw curves only. Motivated by the desire to estimate derivative curves hierarchically, we introduce a new sequence of quotient differences (empirical derivatives) which, among other things, are well behaved near the boundaries compared with other sequences in the literature. Using the sequence of quotient differences, we develop a Bayesian method to estimate curve derivatives in a multilevel setting (a common scenario in growth studies) and show how the method can be used to estimate individual and group derivative curves and to make comparisons. We apply the new methodology to data collected from a study conducted to explore the effect that radiation-based therapies have on growth in female children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Geobiological model of ripple genesis and preservation in a heterolithic sedimentary sequence for a supratidal area
Authors: Cuadrado Diana G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study documents the processes involved in forming flaser and wavy bedding governed by microbial activity in sediments. It focuses on a modern marginal‐tidal system providing evidence of the role that biofilms play in the stabilization of ripples and their potential preservation. A combination of detailed field work, analysis of water level records and microscopic petrographic inspection were used to reply to the question: how fine‐grained and coarse‐grained sediments can sequentially be deposited and preserved in a coastal environment. The hydraulic energy was measured by water level sensors recording flooding events that inundate the colonized tidal flat. Changing surface morphologies were monitored after storms, revealing the importance of biological processes in the preservation of ripples. A mud drape over ripples was observed several days after the undulated surface formation, known as a sinoidal sedimentary structure, which is a thin biofilm covering the ripples, caused by the presence of a microbial mat. Because bedforms are essential predictors of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, interpretation in the geological record should take into consideration the important effect that colonized sediments have on the preservation of ripples. A geobiological model explains the flaser sedimentation, common in depositional coastal environments, suggesting that the hydrodynamic conditions may not be directly reflected by the grain size at the time of deposition. The study reveals that flaser sedimentation involves an interaction with benthic organisms, reflected by the sequence of microbial mats with sand ripple marks. A detailed description of heterolithic sequences shows that the presence of microbial activity can drive ripple preservation. This suggests that hydraulic interpretation of the sedimentary record based only on physical processes might be erroneous.
Internal Battles: Examining How Anger/Hostility Moderate the Association Between Negative Urgency and Suicidal Desire Variables in Military and Civilian Samples
Authors: Martin Rachel L. , Bauer Brian W. , Smith Nicole S. , Daruwala Samantha E. , Green Bradley A. , Anestis Michael D. , Capron Daniel W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveSuicide is consistently within the top ten leading causes of death in the United States. The suicide rate of National Guard personnel is elevated relative to the general population; however, research suggests that many of the suicide risk factors for military personnel are similar to the suicide risk factors for civilians. We examined whether negative urgency moderated the relationships between anger/hostility and perceived burdensomeness/thwarted belongingness in both a military and civilian samples.MethodThere were two samples in the current study: (1) military personnel (majority national guard) and (2) community members oversampled for suicide attempt history.ResultsOur hypotheses were partially supported with the interaction of hostility and negative urgency predicting perceived burdensomeness in the military sample. Within civilians, anger interacted with negative urgency to predict perceived burdensomeness. There were nonsignificant findings for analyses predicting thwarted belongingness. Exploratory analyses indicated that in both samples, anger and hostility interacted with negative urgency to predict suicidal ideation.ConclusionsResults suggest that aggressive attributes may contribute to individuals feeling as though they are a burden on others when moderate to high levels of negative urgency are present. Additionally, this study provides foundational support for the differences between suicidal desire and ideation.
Unemployment services for newly arrived migrants in Sweden: The privatization and rebureaucratization of the introduction programme
Authors: Ennerberg Elin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA recent policy reform in Sweden reorganized the management of newly arrived migrants' entrance into the labour market, which resulted in the Swedish Public Employment Service being given coordinating responsibility and introducing private service providers. Building on qualitative interviews with public employment officers and private actors, this study focuses on how the political contradictions in the new 2‐year introduction programme are managed at the organizational level. In the article, it is argued that although both public employment officers and private actors experience difficulty separating unemployed migrants' need for social support from the workfare ambitions of the programme, aspects of privatization—such as freedom of choice and the service specification—further complicate this situation. Thus, the individualization aspects of the policy should be viewed as countering some of the more controlling aspects of the reform, thus, in effect, neutralizing its liberalizing tendencies.
Radical alternative conceptualizations of the classical welfare state? Contrasting the United Kingdom and the Netherlands with Norway
Authors: van Kersbergen Kees , Metliaas Kjersti 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn many countries, new, broad, and normative “conceptions of society” gained prominence that represent fundamentally different discursive alternatives to the classical welfare state. We present two political projects that contain radical alternative conceptualizations of the classical welfare state, the “Big Society” in Britain and the “Participation Society” in the Netherlands, and contrast these with Norwegian developments, where no such a radical alternative conceptualization of the welfare state can be found. We show that the British and Dutch political projects were attempts to replace the welfare state, whereas there is no comparable big idea about a radical overhaul of the welfare state in Norway. Our analysis contributes to a better understanding of a fundamental shift in welfare state reform, namely a radical reconsidering of the ideational and normative foundation that defines and underpins what the welfare state is or should be.
SUBERMAN regulates developmental suberization of the Arabidopsis root endodermis
Authors: Cohen Hagai , Fedyuk Vadim , Wang Chunhua , Wu Shuang , Aharoni Asaph 
Published: February 2020

SummaryRoot endodermis, the innermost cortical layer surrounding the root vasculature, serves as the foremost barrier to water, solutes, and nutrients taken up from soil. Endodermis barrier functionality is achieved via its hydrophobic coating of lignified Casparian strips and the suberin lamellae; nonetheless the regulatory mechanisms underlying endodermis suberization are still elusive. Here, we discovered that the Arabidopsis SUBERMAN (SUB) transcription factor controls the establishment of the root suberin lamellae. Transient expression of SUB in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves resulted in the induction of heterologous suberin genes, the accumulation of suberin‐type monomers, and consequent deposition of suberin‐like lamellae. We demonstrate that SUB exerts its regulatory roles by transactivating promoters of suberin genes. In Arabidopsis, SUB is expressed in patchy and continuous suberization root endodermal cells, and thus roots with higher or lower expression of SUB display altered suberin polymer deposition patterns and modified composition. While these changes did not interfere with Casparian strip formation they had a substantial effect on root uptake capacity, resulting in varied root and leaf ionomic phenotypes. Gene expression profiling revealed that SUB function impacts transcriptional networks associated with suberin, phenylpropanoids, lignin, and cuticular lipid biosynthesis, as well as root transport activities, hormone signalling, and cell wall modification. Our findings highlight SUB as a regulator of root endodermis suberization during normal development, and its characterization is thus a key step towards dissecting the molecular mechanisms partaking in root endodermal barrier functionalities.
Detection of hepatitis B virus infection in German blood donors 2008–2015
Authors: Scheiblauer Heinrich , Heiden Margarethe , Funk Markus , Oberle Doris , Kreß Julia , Jork Christine , Chudy Michael 
Published: February 2020

Background and objectivesAssessment of HBV‐NAT testing compared to HBsAg and anti‐HBc screening in German blood establishments for the period 2008–2015.Materials and methodsBlood donations screened for HBsAg and anti‐HBc along with HBV‐NAT were evaluated. Sensitivity of HBsAg and HBV‐NAT tests was compared in 30 HBV seroconversion panels and with the viral load of the NAT‐only cases. Residual risk for HBV in the WP was modelled.ResultsA total of 45 270 111 donations were evaluated. There were 29 NAT‐only cases in the HBsAg‐negative HBV‐WP, one by ID‐NAT and 28 by MP‐NAT. MP‐NAT, on average, showed higher sensitivity than HBsAg testing: MP‐NAT‐LoD of 146 IU/ml vs. 362 IU/ml HBV DNA for positive HBsAg detection (range 135–1502 IU/ml), resulting in 3·1 days (range 2·0–4·8 days) earlier HBV detection. Viral loads of the NAT‐only cases confirmed the sensitivity of the HBV tests in the seroconversion study. One HBsAg‐negative case was due to a new HBsAg mutant combination. There was one HBsAg‐reactive only case. In addition, HBV incidence in the HBV‐WP included 41 HBsAg‐/HBV‐NAT‐positives and three HBV transmission cases. The residual risk for HBsAg was estimated to be 1:1 619 419–1 268 474 compared to 1:2 793 365–2 134 702 for MP‐NAT. Within chronic HBV (HBsAg‐/anti‐HBc‐positive and MP‐NAT‐negative) 70% were ID‐NAT positive at low viral load (median 20 IU/ml). Among anti‐HBc‐only, supplementary ID‐NAT detected 23 occult HBV infections.ConclusionsIn the HBV‐WP, MP‐NAT provided a higher sensitivity than HBsAg testing, obtained a considerably higher yield and reduced the risk for HBV transmission. In later HBV stages, anti‐HBc screening and HBV‐ID‐NAT intercepted potentially infectious donations.
Effectiveness of an Unexpected Disturbance Program in the Early Stage of Rehabilitation in Athletes With Unilateral Knee Ligament Injury
Authors: Teichmann Joerg , Tan Rachel , Hébert-Losier Kim , Kian Yeo Wee , Jalal Din Shabana , Subramaniam Ananthi , Schmidtbleicher Dietmar , Beaven C. Martyn 
Published: February 2020

Context: Sensorimotor, proprioceptive, and neuromuscular programs are critical for the successful rehabilitation of injured athletes, and these decrease reinjury rates. Objective: To investigate the effects of an unexpected disturbance program (UDP) on balance and unilateral strength metrics in athletes with unilateral knee ligament injury. Design: A 3-week parallel-group experimental design consisting of 9 rehabilitation sessions. Setting: National Sports Institute. Participants: Twenty-one national-level athletes (age 21.4 [4.4] y, body mass 63.9 [10.8] kg, height 169.0 [10.2] cm) who had sustained a unilateral knee ligament injury. Intervention: An UDP program designed to evoke rapid sensorimotor responses was compared with traditional training and a nonexercise control group. Main Outcome Measures: Unilateral total, anteroposterior, and mediolateral sway with eyes open and closed and unilateral isometric strength. Results: Traditional exercises tended to outperform the UDP when unilateral balance testing was performed with eyes open; however, balance improvement following UDP tended to be greater in the eyes-closed condition. Significant strength gains in both the injured and uninjured legs were only observed following the UDP. This increase in unilateral isometric strength was 23.4 and 35.1 kg greater than the strength improvements seen in the traditional rehabilitation and control groups (P < .05). Conclusions: UDP could improve neural aspects of rehabilitation to improve rehabilitation outcomes by improving strength, sensorimotor function, and proprioception. Given the complementary adaptations, an UDP could provide an effective adjunct to traditional rehabilitation protocols and improve return-to-play outcomes.