bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal trajectory analysis of antipsychotic response in patients with schizophrenia: 6-week, randomised, open-label, multicentre clinical trial
Authors: Dai Minhan , Wu Yulu , Tang Yiguo , Yue Weihua , Yan Hao , Zhang Yamin , Tan Liwen , Deng Wei , Chen Qi , Yang Guigang , Lu Tianlan , Wang Lifang , Yang Fude , Zhang Fuquan , Yang Jianli , Li Keqing , Lv Luxian , Tan Qingrong , Zhang Hongyan , Ma Xin , Li Lingjiang , Wang Chuanyue , Ma Xiaohong , Zhang Dai , Yu Hao , Zhao Liansheng , Ren Hongyan , Wang Yingcheng , Hu Xun , Zhang Guangya , Du Xiaodong , Wang Qiang , Li Tao ,   for the Chinese Antipsychotics Pharmacogenomics Consortium
Published: October 2020

Background
Understanding the patterns of treatment response is critical for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia; one way to achieve this is through using a longitudinal dynamic process study design.

Aims
This study aims to explore the response trajectory of antipsychotics and compare the treatment responses of seven different antipsychotics over 6 weeks in patients with schizoprenia (trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: ChiCTR-TRC-10000934).

Method
Data were collected from a multicentre, randomised open-label clinical trial. Patients were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at baseline and follow-up at weeks 2, 4 and 6. Trajectory groups were classified by the method of k-means cluster modelling for longitudinal data. Trajectory analyses were also employed for the seven antipsychotic groups.

Results
The early treatment response trajectories were classified into a high-trajectory group of better responders and a low-trajectory group of worse responders. The results of trajectory analysis showed differences compared with the classification method characterised by a 50% reduction in PANSS scores at week 6. A total of 349 patients were inconsistently grouped by the two methods, with a significant difference in the composition ratio of treatment response groups using these two methods (χ2 = 43.37, P < 0.001). There was no differential contribution of high- and low trajectories to different drugs (χ2 = 12.52, P = 0.051); olanzapine and risperidone, which had a larger proportion in the >50% reduction at week 6, performed better than aripiprazole, quetiapine, ziprasidone and perphenazine.

Conclusions
The trajectory analysis of treatment response to schizophrenia revealed two distinct trajectories. Comparing the treatment responses to different antipsychotics through longitudinal analysis may offer a new perspective for evaluating antipsychotics.
Performance of 4 Creatinine-based Equations in Assessing Glomerular Filtration Rate in Adults with Diabetes
Authors: Zafari Neda , Lotfaliany Mojtaba , O’Keefe Graeme J , Kishore Kartik , Torkamani Niloufar , MacIsaac Richard J , Churilov Leonid , Ekinci Elif I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate diagnostic performance of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD), chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI), full age spectrum (FAS), and revised Lund–Malmö (r-LM) equations in adults with diabetes.

Methods
Individuals were included in this cross-sectional study if they had at least 1 measurement of technetium-99m diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) GFR (mGFR) and serum creatinine (1487 patients with 2703 measures). GFR calculated by estimation equations was compared with mGFR. Diagnostic performance was assessed using concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), bias, precision, accuracy, reduced major axis regression (RMAR), and Bland–Altman plot. Analysis was repeated in subgroups based on sex, diabetes type, Hemoglobin A1C, and GFR level.

Results
Of all patients, 1189 (86%) had type 2 diabetes. Mean mGFR, MDRD, CKD-EPI, FAS, and revised Lund-Malmö eGFR were 66, 72, 74, 71, and 67 mL/min/1.73m2, respectively. Overall, the r-LM had the highest CCC (0.83), lowest bias (–1.4 mL/min/1.73 m2), highest precision (16.2 mL/min/1.73 m2), and highest accuracy (P10 = 39%). The RMAR (slope, intercept) in r-LM, FAS, MDRD, and CKD-EPI was 1.18, –13.35; 0.97, –2.9; 1, -6.4, and 1.04, –11.3, respectively. The Bland–Altman plot showed that r-LM had the lowest mean difference and the narrowest 95% limit of agreement (–1.0, 54.1 mL/min/1.73 m2), while mean difference was more than 5-fold higher in FAS, MDRD, and CKD-EPI (–5.2, –6.3, and –8.2, respectively).

Conclusions
In adults with diabetes the revised Lund-Malmö performs better than MDRD, CKD-EPI, and FAS in calculating point estimates of GFR.
Predicting experimental success: a retrospective case-control study using the rat intraluminal thread model of stroke
Authors: Liebenstund Lisa , Coburn Mark , Fitzner Christina , Willuweit Antje , Langen Karl-Josef , Liu Jingjin , Veldeman Michael , Höllig Anke 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The poor translational success rate of preclinical stroke research may partly be due to inaccurate modelling of the disease. We provide data on transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) experiments, including detailed intraoperative monitoring to elaborate predictors indicating experimental success (ischemia without occurrence of confounding pathologies). The tMCAO monitoring data (bilateral cerebral blood flow, CBF; heart rate, HR; and mean arterial pressure, MAP) of 16 animals with an ‘ideal’ outcome (MCA-ischemia), and 48 animals with additional or other pathologies (subdural haematoma or subarachnoid haemorrhage), were checked for their prognostic performance (receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve, AUC). Animals showing a decrease in the contralateral CBF at the time of MCA occlusion suffered from unintended pathologies. Implementation of baseline MAP, in addition to baseline HR (AUC, 0.83, 95% c.i. 0.68 to 0.97), increased prognostic relevance (AUC, 0.89, 95% c.i. 0.79 to 0.98). Prediction performance improved when two additional predictors referring to differences in left and right CBF were considered (AUC, 1.00, 95% c.i. 1.0 to 1.0). Our data underline the importance of peri-interventional monitoring to verify a successful experimental performance in order to ensure a disease model as homogeneous as possible.
Biomechanical regulation of focal adhesion and invadopodia formation
Authors: Revach Or-Yam , Grosheva Inna , Geiger Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Integrin adhesions are a structurally and functionally diverse family of transmembrane, multi-protein complexes that link the intracellular cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM). The different members of this family, including focal adhesions (FAs), focal complexes, fibrillar adhesions, podosomes and invadopodia, contain many shared scaffolding and signaling ‘adhesome’ components, as well as distinct molecules that perform specific functions, unique to each adhesion form. In this Hypothesis, we address the pivotal roles of mechanical forces, generated by local actin polymerization or actomyosin-based contractility, in the formation, maturation and functionality of two members of the integrin adhesions family, namely FAs and invadopodia, which display distinct structures and functional properties. FAs are robust and stable ECM contacts, associated with contractile stress fibers, while invadopodia are invasive adhesions that degrade the underlying matrix and penetrate into it. We discuss here the mechanisms, whereby these two types of adhesion utilize a similar molecular machinery to drive very different – often opposing cellular activities, and hypothesize that early stages of FAs and invadopodia assembly use similar biomechanical principles, whereas maturation of the two structures, and their ‘adhesive’ and ‘invasive’ functionalities require distinct sources of biomechanical reinforcement.
Thorpe-Ingold Effect on Polymer Conformations. Photophysical Behavior as a Probe for Folding of Alt-Dialkylsilylene-divinylarene Copolymers
Authors: Luh Tien-Yau , Chen Chih-Hsien , Lai Guo-Qiao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The alt-silylene-conjugated motif copolymers consist of one to three kinds of chromophores regioselectively arranged as part of the polymeric backbone and two adjacent chromophores are linked by a trtrahedral dialkylsilylene insulating spacer. These polymers are highly folded, and a bulkier alkyl substituent (such as the isopropyl group) on silicon may exert Thorpe-Ingold effect that can bring the adjacent chromophores to closer proximity resulting in changes of photophysical properties. Interactions between chromophores include ground state interaction, formation of charge transfer complex, through-space interaction between chromophores, observation of CT emission, and photoinduced electron transfer. Notably, the Marcus inverted region is observed in such silicon-containing polymers using aminostyrene donor and a range of acceptors with different −ΔG° values. Since polymer folding is crucially related to the photophysical properties, a series of small molecules (monomer to tetramer) having the same pair of chromophores as those of the polymer are synthesized. The properties of tetramer already behave similarly to those of the corresponding polymer. Replacement of silylene linkers in polymers with substituted methylene groups also demonstrates similar kinds of interactions among chromophores, but with different intensities.
Supramolecular Association and Nanostructure Formation of Liquid Crystals and Polymers for New Functional Materials
Authors: Kato Takashi , Gupta Monika , Yamaguchi Daisuke , Gan Kian Ping , Nakayama Masanari 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe here describe our various concepts and achievements for material science, which have been introduced through liquid-crystalline (LC) and polymer chemistry. They have resulted in the development of new classes of functional organic, polymer, and hybrid materials. Supramolecular LC complexes and polymers with well-defined structures were found to be built through complimentary hydrogen bonding between carboxylic acid and pyridine. Since then, a variety of intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, ion-dipolar interactions, and halogen bonding were used for the formation of supramolecular liquid crystal organic materials and polymers. The nanosegregation in molecular assemblies in liquid crystals leads to the various 1D, 2D and 3D self-assembled nanostructures. These strategy and material designs lead to the development of new dynamically functional materials, which exhibit stimuli-responsive properties, photoluminescence, transport of charge, ions, and molecules, electro-optic properties, and templates. We also show new hybrid liquid crystals, biomineral-inspired nanorod and nanodisk liquid crystals. These nanomaterials form colloidal LC solutions, which exhibit stimuli-responsive properties.
Medical student assessments—frequency of radiological images used: a national study
Authors: Chew Cindy , O'Dwyer Patrick J , Jaap Alan , McDowall Suanne , Remers Olga JL , Williams JJZ , McPhee I , Bjelogrlic Predrag 
Published: October 2020

Objectives: Assessments are a key part of life for medical students at University. We know there is variation in these assessments across Universities. The aims of this study were to expatiate summative assessments in Scottish Medical Schools and to examine how frequently radiological images feature in them. Methods: All Scottish medical schools were invited to participate in the study. Data on objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs; 5 years) and written assessments (3 years) were retrospectively collected for each university and results were collated. Each University was randomly assigned a letter from A to E and anonymised for data presentation. Results: 10,534 multiple choice questions (MCQ) and 1083 OSCE stations were included in this study. There was wide variation in the number, type and timing of assessments across Scottish medical schools. There were highly significant differences in the number of OSCE stations and the number of MCQs set over the study period (p < 0.0001). Radiological images were used on average 0.6 times (range 0–1.1) in each OSCE examination and 2.4 times (range 0.1–3.7) for written assessments. Conclusion: In this detailed study, we demonstrated significant differences in medical student assessments across Scottish Universities. Given the importance of Radiology in modern medicine, the frequency and differences in which radiological images were used in assessments across Universities should be addressed. Advances in knowledge: This is the first national longitudinal study to quantify the role of radiological images in summative Medical Student Assessments. Great variability exists in the extent and how (clinical versus written assessments) radiological images are used to assess Scottish medical students. Radiological images are used infrequently in clinical assessments, but are present in every written assessment. These findings could help inform medical schools and academic radiologists as they prepare medical students for the imminent unified medical licensing examination, where Clinical Imaging is a subject with one of the highest number of associated conditions examinable.
Dataset: percent of population covered by local government mask orders in the US
Authors: Jacobs Philip , Ohinmaa Arvi 
Published: October 2020

We present a dataset covering the extent of local mask orders between April and August 2020, in states which did not have statewide orders (and hence 100% coverage). We obtained data from national and regional newspaper and broadcaster web-based articles, and city and county web pages. The information that we abstracted included: city or county of ordinance, date that the ordinance took effect, and the population of the city or county. In 14 states, city or county governments issued mask-wearing orders, and from our dataset it can been seen that the median population covered in the states was 37.5%; the coverage ranged from 1.6% (New Hampshire) to 77.1% (Arizona). The dataset can be accessed from: https://doi.org/10.7939/DVN/A9C1UU
Patient, caregiver, and health care provider perspectives on barriers and facilitators to heart failure care in Kerala, India: A qualitative study
Authors: Jose Prinu , Ravindranath Ranjana , Joseph Linju M. , Rhodes Elizabeth C. , Ganapathi Sanjay , Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai , Jeemon Panniyammakal 
Published: October 2020

Background: Deficits in quality of care for patients with heart failure (HF) contribute to high mortality in this population. This qualitative study aims to understand the barriers and facilitators to high-quality HF care in Kerala, India. Methods: Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of health care providers (n=13), patients and caregivers (n=14). Additionally, focus group discussions (n=3) were conducted with patients and their caregivers. All interviews and focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim. Textual data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Patients’ motivation to change their lifestyle behaviours after HF diagnosis and active follow-up calls from health care providers to check on patients’ health status were important enablers of high-quality care. Health care providers’ advice on substance use often motivated patients to stop smoking and consuming alcohol. Although patients expected support from their family members, the level of caregiver support for patients varied, with some patients receiving strong support from caregivers and others receiving minimal support. Emotional stress and lack of structured care plans for patients hindered patients’ self-management of their condition. Further, high patient loads often limited the time health care providers had to provide advice on self-management options. Nevertheless, the availability of experienced nursing staff to support patients improved care within health care facilities. Finally, initiation of guideline-directed medical therapy was perceived as complex by health care providers due to multiple coexisting chronic conditions in HF patients. Conclusions: Structured plans for self-management of HF and more time for patients and health care providers to interact during clinical visits may enable better clinical handover with patients and family members, and thereby improve adherence to self-care options. Quality improvement interventions should also address the stress and emotional concerns of HF patients.
The occurrence of anxiety disorders among Poles during the COVID–19 pandemic .
Authors: Babicki Mateusz , Mastalerz-Migas Agnieszka 
Published: October 2020

Cel pracyWydarzenia pierwszych miesięcy 2020 roku doprowadziły do diametralnych zmian w codziennym funkcjonowaniu ludzi na całym świecie. Ogłoszenie pandemii COVID-19, którego czynnikiem sprawczym jest SARS-COV-2, spowodowało szereg restrykcji, zmian, ograniczeń społecznych, które w krótkim czasie znacząco wpłynęły na kondycję psychiczną ludzi.MetodaCelem badania jest ocena poziomu lęku wśród społeczeństwa polskiego pomiędzy 35 a 42dniem po wprowadzeniu stanu zagrożenia epidemiologicznego oraz porównanie uzyskanych wyników z doniesieniami światowymi oraz stanem sprzed pandemii.
Materiał i metody: badanie przeprowadzono na 2457 respondentach z Polski. Metodą badawczą był autorski kwestionariusz ankiety, rozpowszechniany drogą internetową w dniach 17-24.04.2020r., oceniający stan socjodemograficzny, a także wystandaryzowane narzędzia psychometryczne: Skala Depresji Becka, Kwestionariusz Lęku Uogólnionego (GAD-7), Manchasterska Krótka Ocena Jakości Życia.WynikiWyniki: u 71% ankietowanych uzyskano wynik wskazujący na występowanie objawów lękowych w różnych stopniu nasilenia. U 45% ankietowanych sumaryczny wynik wynosił ≥10 punktów, wskazując na cechy zespołu lęku uogólnionego. Wartości punktowe u kobiet były znamiennie wyższe niż u mężczyzn. Miejsce zamieszkania, stan cywilny oraz rodzaj wykonywanej pracy nie miał istotnego statystycznie wpływu na poziom lęku.WnioskiWnioski: Pandemia COVID-19 w znaczący sposób wpłynęła na kondycję psychiczną Polaków, powodując wzrost poczucia lęku, strach oraz obawę o przyszłość. 71% ankietowanych w różnym stopniu wykazuje natężenie lęku, przy czym 44% respondentów uzyskało wynik co najmniej 10 punktów w skali GAD-7 wskazujący na występowanie cech zespołu lęku uogólnionego. Istnieje wielka potrzeba wsparcia psychicznego Polaków w dobie pandemii COVID-19.
Cover-Up of Vehicle Defects: The Role of Regulator Investigation Announcements
Authors: Cho Soo-Haeng , DeMiguel Victor , Hwang Woonam 
Published: October 2020

Automakers, including Toyota and General Motors, were recently caught by the U.S. regulator for deliberately hiding product defects in an attempt to avoid massive recalls. Interestingly, regulators in the United States and United Kingdom employ different policies in informing consumers about potential defects: the U.S. regulator publicly announces all ongoing investigations of potential defects to provide consumers with early information, whereas the UK regulator does not. To understand how these different announcement policies may affect cover-up decisions of automakers, we model the strategic interaction between a manufacturer and a regulator. We find that, under both countries’ policies, the manufacturer has an incentive to cover up a potential defect when there is a high chance that the defect indeed exists and it may inflict only moderate harm. However, if there is only a moderate chance that the defect exists, only under the U.S. policy does the manufacturer have an incentive to cover up a potential defect with significant harm. We show that the U.S. policy generates higher social welfare only for very serious issues for which both the expected harm and recall cost are very high and the defect is likely to exist. We make four policy recommendations that could help mitigate manufacturers’ cover-ups, including a hybrid policy in which the regulator conducts a confidential investigation of a potential defect only when it may inflict significant harm. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Factors associated with anxiety in pre-lower gastrointestinal endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a systematic literature review
Authors: Al-Dibouni Ziyad , Poullis Andrew 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects more than 300 000 people in the UK alone. These patients will frequently require gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic assessment and surveillance of their disease, which can cause pre-procedure anxiety. A better understanding of procedure-related anxiety can help develop measures to reduce it and improve patient experience.AimsA systematic literature review was conducted to identify the factors that are associated with pre-lower gastrointestinal endoscopy anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for studies that evaluated anxiety with GI endoscopic procedures in IBD patients. Studies were independently reviewed by an author, extracting data and assessing quality. The main outcomes were the prevalence of pre-procedure anxiety, patient concerns, tolerance and interventions in IBD patients.ResultsIn total, 77 studies were identified for inclusion. No studies specifically explored the prevalence and severity of anxiety in IBD patients. The studies that investigated pre-procedure anxiety identified that high levels were seen pre-procedure, with areas of anxiety-related concerns including bowel preparation, potential discomfort and the stigma of embarrassment.ConclusionsMany patients undergoing GI endoscopic procedures experience anxiety. Improving the ways in which pre-procedure information is delivered can help in reducing this anxiety. However, the prevalence and severity of and best method of intervention for this anxiety in IBD patients are unclear, providing areas for further research.
Is D-dimer a reliable biomarker compared to ESR and CRP in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection?
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Hairui , Zhu Shibai , Wang Yiou , Qian Wenwei 
Published: October 2020

Aims The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) has always been challenging. Recently, D-dimer has become a promising biomarker in diagnosing PJI. However, there is controversy regarding its diagnostic value. We aim to investigate the diagnostic value of D-dimer in comparison to ESR and CRP. Methods PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched in February 2020 to identify articles reporting on the diagnostic value of D-dimer on PJI. Pooled analysis was conducted to investigate the diagnostic value of D-dimer, CRP, and ESR. Results Six studies with 1,255 cases were included (374 PJI cases and 881 non-PJI cases). Overall D-dimer showed sensitivity of 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 to 0.87) and specificity of 0.76 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.86). Sub-group analysis by excluding patients with thrombosis and hyper-coagulation disorders showed sensitivity of 0.82 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.90) and specificity of 0.80 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.88). Serum D-dimer showed sensitivity of 0.85 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.92), specificity of 0.83 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.90). Plasma D-dimer showed sensitivity of 0.67 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.73), specificity of 0.58 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.72). CRP showed sensitivity of 0.78 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.83), specificity of 0.81 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.87). ESR showed sensitivity of 0.68 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.73), specificity of 0.83 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.87). Conclusion In patients without thrombosis or a hyper-coagulation disorder, D-dimer has a higher diagnostic value compared to CRP and ESR. In patients with the aforementioned conditions, D-dimer has higher sensitivity but lower specificity compared to ESR and CRP. We do not recommend the use of serum D-dimer in patients with thrombosis and hyper-coagulation disorders for diagnosing PJI. Serum D-dimer may perform better than plasma D-dimer. Further studies are needed to compare serum D-dimer and plasma D-dimer in arthroplasty patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(10):701–708.