bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Ultra Low Volume Bowel Preparation and Overview of Existing Bowel Preparations
Authors: Htet Hein , Segal Jonathan 
Published: August 2020

Background:Adequate bowel cleansing is essential in achieving a good quality colonoscopy. However, one of the barriers to achieving high-quality bowel cleansing is the patient's tolerability. Different bowel preparations have been developed to improve tolerability while maintaining adequate bowel cleansing.Objectives:We aim to explore the pros and cons of commonly used bowel preparations, particularly highlighting the new ultra-low volume bowel preparation.Methods:Extensive literature search was carried out on various databases to evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of different bowel cleansing agents, including findings of recent clinical trials on ultra-low bowel preparation.Results:Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been commonly used as a bowel prep. Due to its high volume required to ingest to achieve an adequate effect, it has been combined with various adjuncts to reduce the volume to make it more tolerable. Magnesium and phosphate-based preps can achieve low volume, but they can be associated with multiple side effects, mainly electrolyte disturbances. Ultra low volume prep (NER1006) was achieved by combing PEG with ascorbic acid, and its efficacy and side effects were demonstrated in three noninferiority studies.Conclusion:It is important to consider patient preferences, co-morbidities and tolerability, and efficacy and side effect profiles when choosing bowel prep for patients undergoing colonoscopy. New ultra-low bowel prep showed promising results in initial clinical trials, but further real-world post-marketing data will inform its value in clinical practice.
Drug Utilization in Critically Ill Adults with Augmented Renal Clearance Compared to Normal Renal Clearance: Implications for use of Antimicrobials with Predominant Renal Excretion
Authors: Sridharan Kannan , Pasha Sheikh A.A. , Qader Ali M. , Hasan Hasan M.S.N. , ElSeirafi Mohamed M. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Critically ill adults have augmented renal clearance, (ARC) decreasing the systemic circulation
of drugs with predominant renal elimination. The phenomenon of ARC is crucial for antimicrobial drugs as it hinders with
the therapeutic response and aids the development of antimicrobial resistance. We carried out the present study to assess
the impact of ARC in an intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital.

Methods:
This was a prospective observational study carried out in critically ill patients with normal serum creatinine
without any history of renal disease. Details on their demographic characteristics, clinical diagnoses, laboratory
parameters including trough levels of vancomycin and gentamicin, ICU length of stay and clinical outcomes (discharged
alive/death) were obtained. Creatinine clearance (Crcl) was estimated from 24-hour urine creatinine. Monte Carlo
simulation test with 100000 iterations was used for predicting serum vancomycin trough levels with the observed Crcl.

Results:
Eighty patients were recruited in the study of which 52.5% had ARC. Patients in younger
age and body weight were observed with a trend to have ARC. No significant differences were
observed in any of the drug classes prescribed between patients with and without ARC, including
the systemic antimicrobials. Although the observed serum trough levels of vancomycin in patients
with ARC did not differ significantly from those without ARC, Monte Carlo simulation predicted
that 90% of patients with ARC were likely to have trough levels between 5.63 and 7.85 mg/dl,
while those without ARC may have it between 7.75 to 9.82 mg/dl.

Conclusion:
A significant proportion of critically ill adults exhibit ARC and such patients are more
likely to achieve lower trough concentrations of vancomycin than recommended. All critically ill
adults with normal serum creatinine have to be screened for ARC using urine creatinine as soon as
possible for appropriate adjustment in the dosage regimen of antimicrobials with predominant renal
elimination.
DNA Methylation in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Current Data and Future Perspectives
Authors: Papakonstantinou Efthymia , Androutsopoulos Georgios , Logotheti Souzana , Adonakis Georgios , Maroulis Ioannis , Tzelepi Vassiliki 
Published: August 2020

:
Ovarian cancer is an aggressive disease and only a few cases are diagnosed at early stages due to the absence of
symptoms. Τhe majority of malignant ovarian tumors (>90%) are of epithelial origin and subdivided in five histological
sybtypes with different molecular pathogenesis and clinical behavior. High-grade serous ovarian cancer is the most
common subtype (70%), however, the different histotypes of ovarian cancer should be viewed as separate diseases both
clinically and in biomarker studies. At present, surgical debulking and platinum/taxane - based chemotherapy is the
standard of care for epithelial ovarian cancer. Most patients show initial response to this therapeutic approach, but the
majority of them experience disease recurrence at which point cure is no longer possible, due to acquired resistance in
those chemotherapeutic regimens. Nevertheless, the current treatment model is still a “one size fits all” approach.
Epigenetic modifications represent heritable modifications in gene expression without alteration of the DNA sequence.
DNA methylation is the best studied epigenetic mechanism and in epithelial ovarian cancer, the methylenome is widely
altered. In addition, patterns of DNA methylation may represent potential diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as
markers predictive of chemoresistance and potential therapeutic targets. This article systematically reviews the
complicated era of DNA methylation in ovarian carcinoma and summarizes the current implications and future
perspectives of its use as a screening, diagnostic, prognostic and predictive tool as well as in personalized cancer therapy.
The Acceptability and Impact of the Xploro Digital Therapeutic Platform to Inform and Prepare Children for Planned Procedures in a Hospital: Before and After Evaluation Study
Authors: Bray Lucy , Sharpe Ashley , Gichuru Phillip , Fortune Peter-Marc , Blake Lucy , Appleton Victoria 
Published: August 2020

Background
There is increasing interest in finding novel approaches to improve the preparation of children for hospital procedures such as surgery, x-rays, and blood tests. Well-prepared and informed children have better outcomes (less procedural anxiety and higher satisfaction). A digital therapeutic (DTx) platform (Xploro) was developed with children to provide health information through gamification, serious games, a chatbot, and an augmented reality avatar.

Objective
This before and after evaluation study aims to assess the acceptability of the Xploro DTx and examine its impact on children and their parent’s procedural knowledge, procedural anxiety, and reported experiences when attending a hospital for a planned procedure.

Methods
We used a mixed methods design with quantitative measures and qualitative data collected sequentially from a group of children who received standard hospital information (before group) and a group of children who received the DTx intervention (after group). Participants were children aged between 8 and 14 years and their parents who attended a hospital for a planned clinical procedure at a children’s hospital in North West England. Children and their parents completed self-report measures (perceived knowledge, procedural anxiety, procedural satisfaction, and procedural involvement) at baseline, preprocedure, and postprocedure.

Results
A total of 80 children (n=40 standard care group and n=40 intervention group) and their parents participated in the study; the children were aged between 8 and 14 years (average 10.4, SD 2.27 years) and were attending a hospital for a range of procedures. The children in the intervention group reported significantly lower levels of procedural anxiety before the procedure than those in the standard group (two-tailed t63.64=2.740; P=.008). The children in the intervention group also felt more involved in their procedure than those in the standard group (t75=−2.238; P=.03). The children in the intervention group also reported significantly higher levels of perceived procedural knowledge preprocedure (t59.98=−4.892; P=.001) than those in the standard group. As for parents, those with access to the Xploro intervention reported significantly lower levels of procedural anxiety preprocedure than those who did not (t68.51=1.985; P=.05). During the semistructured write and tell interviews, children stated that they enjoyed using the intervention, it was fun and easy to use, and they felt that it had positively influenced their experiences of coming to the hospital for a procedure.

Conclusions
This study has shown that the DTx platform, Xploro, has a positive impact on children attending a hospital for a procedure by reducing levels of procedural anxiety. The children and parents in the intervention group described Xploro as improving their experiences and being easy and fun to use.
Serious Game on a Smartphone for Adolescents Undergoing Hemodialysis: Development and Evaluation
Authors: Santana Cristina Célia De Almeida Pereira , Freitas Ana Tereza Vaz De Souza , Oliveira Barreto Gilson , Sousa De Avelar Igor , Mazaro-Costa Renata , Bueno Gina Nolêto , Ribeiro Diuly Caroline , Damasceno Silva Gabriela , Naghettini Alessandra Vitorino 
Published: August 2020

Background
Adolescents with chronic kidney disease have a hard time adhering to hemodialysis as a therapy, indicating a need to establish new alternatives for motivation and adherence to treatment.

Objective
The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a serious game to stimulate and motivate adolescents undergoing hemodialysis.

Methods
We describe the technological production followed by a qualitative analysis. We invited 8 adolescents undergoing hemodialysis in the city Goiânia, located in the midwest of Brazil, to participate. The final convenience sample included 7 (87.5% of the target population) adolescents. The process was conducted in 3 phases: creation of a serious game, evaluation of its use, and observation of its motivating effect on behavioral modification with a focus on acquiring the necessary competence for self-care.

Results
An app (Bim) in the modality of a serious game was developed to be used during hemodialysis; the player was encouraged to take care of a character with daily actions during his or her treatment. The game was made available to adolescents aged 10-14 years. Mobile devices were offered during the hemodialysis treatment for a period of 30-40 minutes, 3 times a week for 60 days. The usage definitions of the game were freely chosen by the participants. The qualitative evaluation of the use of the Bim app showed that it encompasses scenarios and activities that enable the exercise of daily actions for the treatment of patients. The behavioral evaluation showed that the Bim app worked as a motivating stimulus for behavioral adherence to hemodialysis requirements.

Conclusions
The easy-to-access app interface showed good operability for its users. The description of the character and proposed activities contributed to motivation and ability to cope with hemodialysis care.
User Perspectives of Mood-Monitoring Apps Available to Young People: Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Widnall Emily , Grant Claire Ellen , Wang Tao , Cross Lauren , Velupillai Sumithra , Roberts Angus , Stewart Robert , Simonoff Emily , Downs Johnny 
Published: August 2020

Background
Mobile health apps are increasingly available and used in a clinical context to monitor young people’s mood and mental health. Despite the benefits of accessibility and cost-effectiveness, consumer engagement remains a hurdle for uptake and continued use. Hundreds of mood-monitoring apps are publicly available to young people on app stores; however, few studies have examined consumer perspectives. App store reviews held on Google and Apple platforms provide a large, rich source of naturally generated, publicly available user reviews. Although commercial developers use these data to modify and improve their apps, to date, there has been very little in-depth evaluation of app store user reviews within scientific research, and our current understanding of what makes apps engaging and valuable to young people is limited.

Objective
This study aims to gain a better understanding of what app users consider useful to encourage frequent and prolonged use of mood-monitoring apps appropriate for young people.

Methods
A systematic approach was applied to the selection of apps and reviews. We identified mood-monitoring apps (n=53) by a combination of automated application programming interface (API) methods. We only included apps appropriate for young people based on app store age categories (apps available to those younger than 18 years). We subsequently downloaded all available user reviews via API data scraping methods and selected a representative subsample of reviews (n=1803) for manual qualitative content analysis.

Results
The qualitative content analysis revealed 8 main themes: accessibility (34%), flexibility (21%), recording and representation of mood (18%), user requests (17%), reflecting on mood (16%), technical features (16%), design (13%), and health promotion (11%). A total of 6 minor themes were also identified: notification and reminders; recommendation; privacy, security, and transparency; developer; adverts; and social/community.

Conclusions
Users value mood-monitoring apps that can be personalized to their needs, have a simple and intuitive design, and allow accurate representation and review of complex and fluctuating moods. App store reviews are a valuable repository of user engagement feedback and provide a wealth of information about what users value in an app and what user needs are not being met. Users perceive mood-monitoring apps positively, but over 20% of reviews identified the need for improvement.
Digital Response During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hassounah Marwah , Raheel Hafsa , Alhefzi Mohammed 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe first case of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia was confirmed on March 3, 2020. Saudi Arabia, like many other countries worldwide, implemented lockdown of most public and private services in response to the pandemic and established population movement restrictions nationwide. With the implementation of these strict mitigation regulations, technology and digital solutions have enabled the provision of essential services.ObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to highlight how Saudi Arabia has used digital technology during the COVID-19 pandemic in the domains of public health, health care services, education, telecommunication, commerce, and risk communication.MethodsWe documented the use of digital technology in Saudi Arabia during the pandemic using publicly available official announcements, press briefings and releases, news clips, published data, peer-reviewed literature, and professional discussions.ResultsSaudi Arabia’s government and private sectors combined developed and launched approximately 19 apps and platforms that serve public health functions and provide health care services. A detailed account of each is provided. Education processes continued using an established electronic learning infrastructure with a promising direction toward wider adoption in the future. Telecommunication companies exhibited smooth collaboration as well as innovative initiatives to support ongoing efforts. Risk communication activities using social media, websites, and SMS text messaging followed best practice guides.ConclusionsThe Saudi Vision 2030 framework, released in 2017, has paved the path for digital transformation. COVID-19 enabled the promotion and testing of this transition. In Saudi Arabia, the use of artificial intelligence in integrating different data sources during future outbreaks could be further explored. Also, decreasing the number of mobile apps and merging their functions could increase and facilitate their use.
QueerVIEW: Protocol for a Technology-Mediated Qualitative Photo Elicitation Study With Sexual and Gender Minority Youth in Ontario, Canada (Preprint)
Authors: Craig Shelley L , Eaton Andrew D , Pascoe Rachael , Egag Egag , McInroy Lauren B , Fang Lin , Austin Ashley , Dentato Michael P 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

The experiences of resilience and intersectionality in the lives of contemporary sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) are important to explore. SGMY face unique experiences of discrimination in both online and offline environments, yet simultaneously build community and seek support in innovative ways. SGMY who identify as transgender, trans, or gender nonconforming and have experiences with child welfare, homelessness, or immigration have been particularly understudied. A qualitative exploration that leverages technology may derive new understanding of the negotiations of risk, resilience, and identity intersections that impact the well-being of vulnerable SGMY.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of the QueerVIEW study were to (1) enhance understanding of SGMY identities, both online and offline, (2) identify experiences of intersectionality among culturally, regionally, and racially diverse SGMY in Ontario, Canada, (3) explore online and offline sources of resilience for SGMY, and (4) develop and apply a virtual photo elicitation methodological approach.

METHODS

This is the first study to pilot a completely virtual approach to a photo elicitation investigation with youth, including data collection, recruitment, interviewing, and analysis. Recruited through social media, SGMY completed a brief screening survey, submitted 10 to 15 digital photos, and then participated in an individual semistructured interview that focused on their photos and related life experiences. Online data collection methods were employed through encrypted online file transfer and secure online interviews. Data is being analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory approach, with six coders participating in structured online meetings that triangulated photo, video, and textual data.

RESULTS

Data collection with 30 participants has been completed and analyses are underway. SGMY expressed appreciation for the photo elicitation and online design of the study and many reported experiencing an emotional catharsis from participating in this process. It is anticipated that results will form a model of how participants work toward integrating their online and offline experiences and identities into developing a sense of themselves as resilient.

CONCLUSIONS

This protocol presents an innovative, technology-enabled qualitative study that completely digitized a popular arts-based methodology—photo elicitation—that has potential utility for contemporary research with marginalized populations. The research design and triangulated analyses can generate more nuanced conceptualizations of SGMY identities and resilience than more traditional approaches. Considerations for conducting online research may be useful for other qualitative research.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/20547
REUTILIZAÇÃO DE PLÁSTICOS: UMA FORMA DE ARTICULAR A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL E O ENSINO DE POLÍMEROS ATRAVÉS DE UMA FEIRA DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Cruz Bárbara de Salles Macena da , Souza Michele Lessa de , Freitas Andréa Barbalho Ribeiro de 
Published: August 2020

Atualmente muito se discute sobre os impactos ambientais causados pelo descarte dos plásticos. A falta de conhecimento, o desinteresse pelo problema e a falta de oportunidade para amenizá-lo, são significativos empecilhos para melhora deste quadro na sociedade. No ensino de Química, elucidam-se conceitos relacionados a muitos destes materiais descartados de maneira imprópria. A necessidade de ressaltar a conscientização dos alunos, independente de série escolar, sobre a necessidade da prática do reuso de plásticos e em especial a importância da reutilização das garrafas PET contribui para a formação de cidadãos mais críticos e atuantes na sociedade. No presente trabalho é descrita a realização de uma exposição de ciências a partir da reutilização de polímeros, como forma de conscientização dos males que o descarte de plásticos pode gerar para o meio ambiente. Todo o trabalho foi desenvolvido com cooperação de um grupo de alunos do segundo ano do ensino médio, da Escola Estadual Vila Bela no município de Mesquita, Rio de Janeiro. Estes foram os colaboradores principais do projeto, trouxeram grande parte dos materiais utilizados, estudaram o tema em questão e auxiliaram na confecção dos objetos expostos. O trabalho tem como objetivo ressaltar o ensino de química interligado a conscientização ambiental, através da problematização do descarte indevido de plásticos em seu cotidiano a partir de uma exposição com materiais reciclados.
PENGARUH PEMANASAN, TINGKAT KEASAMAN (pH) DAN KONSENTRASI GARAM TERHADAP STABILITAS ANTI BAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT KAYU AKWAY (Drimys piperita Hook f.)
Authors: Cepeda Gino Nemesio , Lisangan Meike Meilan , Silamba Isak , Nilawati Nitia , Syartika Eka 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Akway (Drimys piperita) is a woody, evergreen and aromatic plant that belongs to family winteraceae. This plant is used by Sougb tribe lived in Sururey village, District of Anggi, to enhance the vitality of body. The objectives of the research were to determine antimicrobial stability of akway bark extracts influenced by heating time of 100OC, levels of acidity (pH) and salt contents.. Antimicrobial assays were done by using agar well diffusion method against four species of bacteria, i.e. Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Bacillus cereus ATCC10876, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923. The results showed that ethanolic extracts of akway bark only inhibited growth of B. cereus and S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration 0,99% and 0,89% . The levels of concentration and acidity of ethanol extracts influenced the antimicrobial capacity of extracts.. Whereas heating time on 100OC during 25 minutes and salt contents up to 5% of extract solution did not influence the antimicrobial stability of akway bark extracts.
Key words : akway, extracts, antimicrobe, pH, Heating, salt
ABSTRAK
Akway (Drimys piperita) adalah tumbuhan berkayu, aromatik dan hijau sepanjang tahun dan tergolong dalam suku winteraceae. Tumbuhan ini digunakan oleh Suku Sougb yang bermukim di desa Sururey Distrik Anggi, untuk mengobati malaria dan meningkatkan vitalitas tubuh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan stabilitas antimikroba ekstrak kulit kayu akway pada waktu pemanasan ekstrak pada 100OC, tingkat keasaman (pH) dan kandungan garam. Pengujian antimikroba dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar terhadap empat spesies bakteri yaitu Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Bacillus cereus ATCC10876, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit kayu akway hanya dapat menghambat bakteri Bacillus cereus dan Staphylococcus aureus dengan konsentrasi hambat minimum masing-masing adalah 0,99% dan 0,89%. Tingkat konsentrasi dan keasaman (pH) mempengaruhi kapasitas antimikroba ekstrak etanol kulit kayu akway. Sedangkan perlakuan pemanasan pada suhu 100OC dengan lama pemanasan sampai dengan 25 menit dan penambahan garam NaCl sampai konsentrasi 5% tidak berpengaruh pada stabilitas antimikroba ekstrak etanol kulit kayu akway.