bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal Analysis of Noise Levels across Hotspot Areas in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ajoku Bright Chika , Wali Odinaka Amadi- 
Published: July 2020

This study examined spatial and temporal variations of noise levels across hot spot areas in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State Nigeria. It employed a quasi-experimental design. The noise level was captured using Mobile Application known as decibel (dB) X in infinix note 3 android smart phone, which was calibrated with a digital noise meter SET 1350, with a measuring level range of 20–120 decibel while the sampling points were captured with the use of handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) Garmin 78sc which was calibrated to UTM zone 32N. The Geographic Information System (GIS) was the main tool in manipulating surface prediction modeling Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) in the morning and evening noise levels using Environmental Science Research Institute’s (ESRI) software ArcGIS 10.4 version. In the twelve areas investigated, two sample points were captured in each, making a total of twenty four points. Analyses was done using ANOVA and t-test for the hypotheses and the finding of the results in mean noise levels in the morning and evening indicate that there were no statistical significant difference in the noise level as P =.89 and P =.124 respectively while the t-test indicates statistical significant difference in the majority of the hotspot areas. Therefore, hypotheses of significant mean noise levels were accepted. The finding of the IDW reveals that noise pollution occurs in the morning than in the evening periods in most areas, as they exceed the allowable noise limit of WHO standard is 85 dB (A). Based on the findings, the study recommended among others: that noise pollution planning controls should not be compromised but operates at higher dimension through planting of trees and monitoring in order to ensure strict compliance.
Microbial Quality of Some Leafy Vegetables Sold in Iree
Authors: Efunwole O. O. , Ihum T. A. , Adebayo O. R. , Ajewole O. A. , Alaje D. O. 
Published: July 2020

This study investigates the microbial quality of some common leafy vegetables sold in Iree. Three common leafy vegetables were used which were Amaranthus viridis (‘Tete’), Corchorus olito rus (‘Ewedu’) and Talinum triangulare (‘Gbure’). The samples were bought from the Iree main market and packaged in a sterilized aluminium covered plates and were transferred immediately into the laboratory where they were examined for Total viable counts, coliform counts and Total fungal counts. The average total viable counts was 2.2 x 105cfu/mL for Amaranthus viridis, 2.3 x 105 cfu/mL for Corchorus olitorius and 1.9 x 105 for Talinum triangulare. Seven bacteria belonging to five genera and three fungal Spp. were isolated, which include, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enteritidis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Eschericia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicilium italicum respectively. Staphylococcus (26%) was the most predominantly isolated followed by Bacillus subtilis (13%), Eschericia coli (12%), Streptococcus and Micrococcus (11%), Enterobacteriacea (9%), fungal (10%) and Bacillus cereus was the least (8%). These results showed that agricultural practices on these vegetables, like transportation, irrigation and even fertilizer application method could pose risks to the consumers, it is therefore advised that proper cooking of these leafy vegetables by boiling in 100°C boiling water, should strictly be adhered to before consumption not just mere blanching.
Maternal exposure to methylmercury causes an impairment in ependymal cilia motility in the third ventricle and dilation of lateral ventricles in mice offspring
Authors: Hagiwara Teruki , Hagino Hajime , Ueda Kaho , Nakama Mina , Minami Takeshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough maternal MeHg‐exposure causes hydrocephalus in the offspring of mice, its pathogenesis has not been fully explained. In the present study, we examined the issue of how maternal MeHg‐exposure in mice affects ependymal ciliary movement in the offspring and whether the lateral ventricles in offspring show dilation.MethodsPregnant mice were given drinking water containing 0, 10, or 20 mg/L MeHg, or a single dose of 2 mg/kg MeHg. Brain slices were prepared from the offspring and the ependymal ciliary movement of ependymal cells in the third ventricle were observed by a high‐speed digital camera. The dilation of the lateral ventricles in the offspring was assessed by histological examination.ResultsThe administration of MeHg in the drinking water of pregnant mice at levels of 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L MeHg from GD10 to birth caused a significant decrease of ciliary beating frequency (CBF) in ependymal cells of the third ventricle in the weaned offspring. The ependymal ciliary movement of the weaned offspring was particularly sensitive in the case of the administration of MeHg at GD10. Moreover, there was a significant dilation of cross‐sectional areas of lateral ventricles in weaned offspring from the pregnant mice that had been administered MeHg. The CBF and the cross‐sectional areas of the lateral ventricles improved with time.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the impairment of ependymal ciliary movement by maternal MeHg‐exposure contributes to the development of hydrocephalus in the offspring.
Measuring Adsorption Capacity of Supported Catalysts with a Novel Quasi‐Continuous Pulse Chemisorption Method
Authors: Friedland Jens , Kreitz Bjarne , Grimm Heiner , Turek Thomas , Güttel Robert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn improved pulse‐chemisorption technique is presented, which is proven to be independent of the strength of interaction between adsorptive and catalyst material. The methodology is based on the transient mass balance of the adsorptive, allowing for quantitative evaluation of the pulse‐signal obtained from the experiment. Two experimental strategies for determination of the adsorption capacity are introduced, with and without using an internal standard. The methodology is illustratively discussed based on simulation results and verified by chemisorption experiments of hydrogen and carbon dioxide on a supported nickel catalyst. In addition, temperature and dosing effects are examined and benchmarked with volumetric measurements of the adsorption capacity. The proposed mathematical evaluation method of the measured data can be applied directly to experiments performed in standard equipment for pulse‐chemisorption or in modified catalyst test rigs to measure adsorption capacity before and after reaction experiments. The technique shows potential for determination of sorption kinetics and combination with operando spectroscopy.
Synthesis of C3/C13‐Substituted Semi‐Synthetic Bacteriochlorophyll‐a Derivatives and Their Properties as Functional Dyes
Authors: Sasaki Shin‐ichi , Hashimoto Yuki , Kinoshita Yusuke , Tamiaki Hitoshi , Duan Shengnan , Wang Xiao‐Feng , Saga Yoshitaka , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Ikeuchi Toshitaka , Shishioh Nobue 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNatural bacteriochlorophyll‐a was converted to chemically stable free‐base derivatives with different substituents along the y‐axis. Compared to the natural type compound methyl pyrobacteriopheophorbide‐a possessing the C3‐acetyl and C13‐keto‐carbonyl groups, its deoxo‐bacteriochlorin lacking the C3‐ and C13‐carbonyl groups showed a blue‐shift of the Qy peak. On the other hand, introduction of the dicyanomethylene group(s) at the 31‐ and/or 131‐position(s) caused an opposite effect due to its electron‐withdrawing ability as well as the expansion of the π‐conjugation system along the y‐axis, and the Qy peak maxima were red‐shifted to around 780 nm. These semi‐synthetic bacteriochlorins in an aerated solvent could generate singlet oxygen upon illumination with far‐red light, which was evaluated by mouse B16 melanoma cells to be applicable as photosensitizers. Besides this, it was demonstrated that they could be utilized as electron‐donating materials combined with fullerene derivatives to fabricate bulk‐heterojunction organic solar cells.
Radical Inquiry—Liberatory Praxis for Research and Evaluation
Authors: Dhaliwal Kanwarpal , Casey Jill , Aceves‐Iñiguez Kimberly , Dean‐Coffey Jara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConventional social science research and evaluation too often replicate unjust and oppressive narratives and assumptions about young people of color's capacities, abilities, and needs, treating them primarily, and sometimes solely, as risk, problem, or disease. Overemphasis on “metrics of compliance,” such as personal behavior change, self‐efficacy, and resilience perpetuate this burden while ignoring those of survival, fortitude, and resistance in the context of structural/historical subjugation, discrimination, and state‐sanctioned violence communities of color have endured as part of US nation‐building. Invisible, insidious, and assumed, the dominant tropes and frameworks render white middle‐class subjectivities as the gold‐standard of achievement, status, and success. RYSE Youth Center in Richmond, California, creates safe spaces grounded in social justice that build youth power for young people to love, learn, educate, heal, and transform lives and communities. Toward this, RYSE employs Radical Inquiry through intentional, active, and ongoing listening. Radical Inquiry facilitates connection, proximity, and empathy—humanization.
Childhood cancer survivorship and late effects: The landscape in India in 2020
Authors: Arora Ramandeep Singh , Arora Puneet Rana , Seth Rachna , Sharma Sonal , Kumar Chandan , Dhamankar Vandana , Kurkure Purna , Prasad Maya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSurvivorship care is a major area of focus in the holistic management of childhood cancer with current knowledge and information almost exclusively from high‐income countries. In this review, we summarize the state of scientific knowledge, service delivery, advocacy initiatives, and research efforts in this field in India. Twenty‐one single‐center studies published until today (20 in the last decade) confirm some of the well‐documented issues in childhood cancer survivors and highlight the high prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection in our survivors. Heterogeneity in methodology, outcome metrics, and quality precludes drawing further conclusions, and the ongoing multicenter Indian Pediatric Oncology Group study would address this. Besides the usual model of follow‐up clinics in hospital settings, innovative models of service delivery led by not‐for‐profit organizations are being developed. Advocacy initiatives driven by survivors and support groups are also under way. All of these portend a promising future.
Polylactide‐perylene derivative for blue biodegradable organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Al‐Attar Hameed , Alwattar Aula A , Haddad Athir , Abdullah Bassil A , Quayle Peter , Yeates Stephen G 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this work we demonstrate, for the first time, the use of polylactic acid (PLA) as a biodegradable host matrix for the construction of the active emissive layer of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices for potential use in bioelectronics. In this preliminary study, we report a robust synthesis of two fluorescent PLA derivatives, pyrene‐PLA (AH10) and perylene‐PLA (AH11). These materials were prepared by the ring opening polymerisation of l‐lactide with hydroxyalkyl‐pyrene and hydroxyalkyl‐perylene derivatives using 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene as catalyst. OLEDs were fabricated from these materials using a simple device architecture involving a solution‐processed single‐emitting layer in the configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK:OXD‐7 (35%):AH10 or AH11 (20%)/TPBi/LiF/Al (ITO, indium tin oxide; PEDOT:PSS, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonic acid); PVK, poly(vinylcarbazole); OXD‐7, (1,3‐phenylene)‐bis‐[5‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole]; TPBi, 2,2′,2″‐(1,3,5‐benzenetriyl)tris(1‐phenyl‐1H‐benzimidazole)). The turn‐on voltage for the perylene OLED at 10 cd m–2 was around 6 V with a maximum brightness of 1200 cd m–2 at 13 V. The corresponding external quantum efficiency and device current efficiency were 1.5% and 2.8 cd A–1 respectively. In summary, this study provides proof of principle that OLEDs can be constructed from PLA, a readily available and renewable bio‐source. © 2020 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Hierarchical equations of motion in the Libra software package
Authors: Temen Story , Jain Amber , Akimov Alexey V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report the implementation of a hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) module within the open‐source Libra software. It includes the standard and scaled HEOM algorithms for computing the dynamics of open quantum systems interacting with a harmonic bath. The module allows the computing of the evolution of the reduced density matrix, as well as spectral lineshapes. The truncation, filtering, and “update list” schemes, as well as OpenMP parallelization, allow for further computational saving. The package is written in a mix of C++ and Python languages, delivering the best compromise between user friendliness and efficiency. The Python layer of the package takes advantage of standard Python libraries, such as h5py, which allows efficient storage and retrieval of the generated results. The package can be seamlessly used within Jupyter notebooks; its careful design shall provide the maximal convenience and intuitiveness to its users.
The long‐term legacy of riparian vegetation in a hydrogeomorphologically remodelled fluvial setting
Authors: Nallaperuma Bhagya , Asaeda Takashi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe typical Japanese river maintains a vegetation‐suppressive effect on riparian habitats. During recent decades, most Japanese rivers have encountered extensive human‐induced alterations, and over time, the rivers have been transformed from unvegetated to vegetated. The lower Tedori River, which is a representative case of this phenomenon, is located in a region that exhibits signs of global climate change. According to quantitative analyses of sediment, the river corridor has historically reached an equilibrium since the prohibition of heavy sediment extraction activities, and the water discharge is stable because of dams. The contemporaneous vegetation encroachment was observed in a historical imagery survey and the vegetation dynamics of the river reach for the past 18 years were analysed to identify forcing hydro‐climatic variables. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was adopted for the surveillance of vegetation dynamics, and multiple regression analysis was employed to evaluate its relationship with predictor variables. River water level was the strongest determinant of NDVI, with both Pearson correlation and standardized β coefficients of −0.405, while air temperature was next, with values of 0.363 and 0.288, respectively. These findings were supported by the spatial distribution of temporally advancing vegetation patches determined using the aerial imagery and pixel value maxima of NDVI bands. In addition, the development of vegetation patches will presumably give rise to more pro‐vegetation surroundings in the riparian zone through reciprocal linkages with hydrogeomorphic processes. These objective predictions may help inform the proactive planning for river and coastal management.
Estimating inundation of small waterbodies with sub‐pixel analysis of Landsat imagery: long‐term trends in surface water area and evaluation of common drought indices
Authors: Sall Ibrahima , Jarchow Christopher J. , Sigafus Brent H. , Eby Lisa A. , Forzley Michael J. , Hossack Blake R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSmall waterbodies are numerically dominant in many landscapes and provide several important ecosystem services, but automated measurement of waterbodies smaller than a standard Landsat pixel (0.09 ha) remains challenging. To further evaluate sub‐Landsat pixel techniques for estimating inundation extent of small waterbodies (basin area: 0.06–1.79 ha), we used a partial spectral unmixing method with matched filtering applied to September 1985–2018 Landsat 5 and eight imagery from southern Arizona, USA. We estimated trends in modeled surface water area each September and evaluated the ability of several common drought indices to explain variation in mean water area. Our methods accurately classified waterbodies as dry or inundated (Landsat 5: 91.3%; Landsat 8: 98.9%) and modeled and digitized surface water areas were strongly correlated (R2 = 0.70–0.92; bias = −0.024 to −0.015 ha). Estimated surface water area was best explained by the 3‐month seasonal standardized precipitation index (SPI03; July‒September). We found a wide range of estimated relationships between drought indices (e.g. SPI vs. Palmer Drought Severity Index) and estimated water area, even for different durations of the same drought index (e.g. SPI01 vs. SPI12). Mean waterbody surface area decreased by ~14% from September 1985 to September 2018, which matches declines in local annual precipitation and regional trends of reduced inundation extent of larger waterbodies. These results emphasize the importance of understanding local systems when relying on drought indices to infer variation in past or future surface water dynamics. Several challenges remain before widespread application of sub‐pixel methods is feasible, but our results provide further evidence that partial spectral unmixing with matched filtering provides reliable measures of inundation extent of small waterbodies.
Beyond Standard Models and Grand Unifications: anomalies, topological terms, and dynamical constraints via cobordisms
Authors: Wan Zheyan , Wang Juven 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe classify and characterize fully all invertible anomalies and all allowed topo- logical terms related to various Standard Models (SM), Grand Unified Theories (GUT), and Beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics. By all anomalies, we mean the inclusion of (1) perturbative local anomalies captured by perturbative Feynman diagram loop calculations, classified by ℤ free classes, and (2) nonperturbative global anomalies, classified by finite group ℤNtorsion classes. Our work built from [31] fuses the math tools of Adams spectral sequence, Thom-Madsen-Tillmann spectra, and Freed-Hopkins theorem. For example, we compute bordism groups$$ {\Omega}_d^G $$ΩdGand their invertible topological field theory invariants, which characterizedd topological terms and (d −1)d anomalies, protected by the following symmetry groupG:$$ \mathrm{Spin}\times \frac{\mathrm{SU}(3)\times \mathrm{SU}(2)\times \mathrm{U}(1)}{{\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_q} $$Spin×SU3×SU2×U1ℤqfor SM withq= 1,2,3,6;$$ \frac{\mathrm{Spin}\times \mathrm{Spin}(n)}{{\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_2^F} $$Spin×Spinnℤ2For Spin × Spin(n) for SO(10) or SO(18) GUT asn= 10,18; Spin × SU(n) for Georgi-Glashow SU(5) GUT as$$ n=5;\frac{\mathrm{Spin}\times \frac{\mathrm{SU}(4)\times \left(\mathrm{SU}(2)\times \mathrm{SU}(2)\right)}{{\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_{q^{\prime }}}}{{\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_2^F} $$n=5;Spin×SU4×SU2×SU2ℤq′ℤ2Ffor Pati-Salam GUT asq′ = 1,2; and others. For SM with an extra discrete symmetry, we obtainnewanomaly matching conditions of ℤ16, ℤ4and ℤ2classesbeyondthe familiar Witten anomaly. Our approach offers an alternative view of all anomaly matching conditions built from the lower-energy (B)SM or GUT, in contrast to high-energy Quantum Gravity or String Theory Landscape v.s. Swampland program, as bottom-up/top-down complements. Symmetries and anomalies provide constraints of kinematics, we further suggest constraints of quantum gauge dynamics, and new predictions of possible extended defects/excitations plus hidden BSM non-perturbative topological sectors.
Geospatial Mapping of Pediatric Surgical Capacity in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Cairo Sarah B. , Pu Qiang , Malemo Kalisya Luc , Fadhili Bake Jacques , Zaidi Rene , Poenaru Dan , Rothstein David H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite recent attention to the provision of healthcare in low‐ and middle‐income countries, improvements in access to surgical services have been disproportionately lagging.MethodsThis study analyzes the geographic variability in access to pediatric surgical services in the province of North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). On‐site data collection was conducted using the Global Assessment of Pediatric Surgery tool. Spatial distribution of providers was mapped using the Geographical Information System and open‐sourced spatial data to determine distances traveled to access surgical care.ResultsForty facilities were evaluated across 32 health zones; 68.9% of the provincial population was within 15 km of these facilities. Eleven facilities met a minimum World Health Organization safety score of 8; 48.1% of the population was within 15 km of corresponding facilities. The majority of children were treated by someone with specific pediatric surgery training in only 4 facilities; one facility had a trained pediatric anesthesia provider. Fifty‐seven percent of the population was within 15 km of a facility with critical care and emergency medicine (EM) capabilities. There was one pediatric critical care provider and no pediatric EM providers identified within the province. Location‐allocation assessment is needed to combine geographic area with potential for greatest impact and facility assessment.ConclusionsLimitations in access to surgical care in the DRC are multifactorial with poor resources, few formally trained surgical providers, and near‐absent access to pediatric anesthesiologists. The study highlights the deficits in the capacity for surgical care while demonstrating a reproducible model for assessment and identification of ways to improve access to care.
Risk incidence of fractures and injuries: a multicenter video-EEG study of 626 generalized convulsive seizures
Authors: Frey Katharina , Zöllner Johann Philipp , Knake Susanne , Oganian Yulia , Kay Lara , Mahr Katharina , Keil Fee , Willems Laurent M. , Menzler Katja , Bauer Sebastian , Schubert-Bast Susanne , Rosenow Felix , Strzelczyk Adam 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of generalized convulsive seizure (GCS)-related fractures and injuries during video-EEG monitoring.

Methods
We analyzed all GCSs in patients undergoing video-EEG-monitoring between 2007 and 2019 at epilepsy centers in Frankfurt and Marburg in relation to injuries, falls and accidents associated with GCSs. Data were gathered using video material, EEG material, and a standardized reporting form.

Results
A total of 626 GCSs from 411 patients (mean age: 33.6 years; range 3–74 years; 45.0% female) were analyzed. Severe adverse events (SAEs) such as fractures, joint luxation, corneal erosion, and teeth loosening were observed in 13 patients resulting in a risk of 2.1% per GCS (95% CI 1.2–3.4%) and 3.2% per patient (95% CI 1.8–5.2%). Except for a nasal fracture due to a fall onto the face, no SAEs were caused by falls, and all occurred in patients lying in bed without evidence of external trauma. In seven patients, vertebral body compression fractures were confirmed by imaging. This resulted in a risk of 1.1% per GCS (95% CI 0.5–2.2%) and 1.7% per patient (95% CI 0.8–3.3%). These fractures occurred within the tonic phase of a GCS and were accompanied by a characteristic cracking noise. All affected patients reported back pain spontaneously, and an increase in pain on percussion of the affected spine section.

Conclusions
GCSs are associated with a substantial risk of fractures and shoulder dislocations that are not associated with falls. GCSs accompanied by audible cracking, and resulting in back pain, should prompt clinical and imaging evaluations.