bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creation of stable dust structures in the glow discharge in magnetic fields of up to 15000 G
Authors: Pavlov S I , Novikov L A , Dzlieva E S , Karasev V Yu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The dusty plasma created in the dust trap in strata of the glow discharge in the strong magnetic field was studied. The conditions were found that make it possible to avoid the development of instabilities in the glow discharge plasma in the magnetic field. For the first time, in the magnetic field range of higher than 10000 G, the dust structures were obtained. The rotational speed as a function of the magnetic field induction was studied. The experimental conditions were discussed under which the stable dust structures can be created.
The method of Г-operators and the tertiary quantization of quantum electrodynamics equations
Authors: Veklenko B A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In cases of solving the problem described by the equations of quantum electrodynamics within the second quantization formalism, it is proposed to quantize these equations one more time, and then solve this problem within the tertiary quantization formalism. In optics of the dispersive media, this procedure makes it possible to avoid the problem of the forced breaking of the photon quantum correlators and to discover many correlation effects previously unknown.
Densification of SiC from Amorphous Polysilazane with The Addition of β-SiC as a Filler Prepared by Hot Pressing Furnace
Authors: Sukmarani Galuh , Noviyanto Alfian , Kusumaningrum Retno , Muhammad Habieb Alvin , Fauzi Fiqhi , Bambang Widayatno Wahyu , Sukarto Wismogroho Agus , Ikhlasul Amal Muhamad , Taufiqu Rochman Nurul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Dense silicon carbide (SiC) was successfully sintered from amorphous polysilazane (PSZ) using hot pressing at 1750oC for 1 hour under an applied pressure of 20 MPa in Ar atmosphere. The effect of β-SiC powder as a filler on the density, phase, micro structure and hardness were examined. Al2O3 and Y2O3 were used as sintering additives through the liquid phase sintering mechanism. The phase analysis showed the formation of SiC after sintering of amorphous PSZ. However, α-SiC was a dominant phase and the amount of α-SiC decreased with the addition of β-SiC powder. The relative density of sintered SiC was obtained in range 99.6 -99.7% regardless of the addition of β-SiC powder. Sintered SiC from amorphous PSZ revealed significant shrinkage compared to sintered SiC from β-SiC powder, while the minimum shrinkage was achieved by the addition of 70% β-SiC into amorphous PSZ. However, the hardness of sintered SiC did not correlate with the addition of β-SiC powder, with highest hardness of 26.4 GPa, which is SiC from solely β-SiC powder. This result indicates that amorphous PSZ is an alternative precursor to fabricate dense SiC.
Design of Frangible Composite Production Process and Plant Layout with Powder Metallurgy Method and Capacity of 50.000.000 Rounds/Year
Authors: Widyastuti  , Sulistya F F , Pratiwi V M , Jatimurti W , Ardyananta H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Frangible composite material is one of the types of advanced material utilized by defense technology application which has been certified. In fact, this material is in development for mass production. In order to realize the mass production stage, it is necessary to have a comprehensive design on process production, specification, machine capacity and the blueprint of plant’s layout. Production process planning would be conducted by the target up to 50 million rounds per year. This process uses powder metallurgy method which consists of mixing, compaction, sintering, finishing, quality control, and packaging. This research would result various variable and constants in each processes, plant design, specification, and number of machines needed by using data from literature review and previous research. Then, the number of machines is going to be calculated in order to find the certain number of machines that are needed. The calculation implies the needed of production machines which are 1 unit of mixer, 3 units of automatic mechanical compaction machine, 1 unit of continuous sintering furnace, 1 unit of finishing machine, and 3 units of quality control machines. For the production process simulation, we use Tecnomatix Plant Simulation in order to simulate the processes to get the data. The simulation process would be started by inputting the total number of machines that are used by and the variables and constants in each process which had been determined before. By calibrating the running time for 365 days 3 hours 15 minutes, the result stated that the simulated production process produced the number of outputs of 50,037,120 rounds/year and 45,696 rounds per shift.
Reactivating Adsorption Capacities of Spent Bleaching Earth for Using in Crude Palm Oil Industry
Authors: Eko Saputro Kurniawan , Siswanti Puji , Wahyu Nugroho Dwi , Ikono Radyum , Noviyanto Alfian , Taufiqu Rochman Nurul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The spent bleaching earth from the palm oil refining industries contains various contaminants, including free fatty acids and hazardous material. The conventional procedure is harmful to the environment. In this study, spent bleaching earth (SBE) was successfully regenerated by calcination and acid-activation process. The calcination process was performed at 500, 600 and 700°C for 2, 3 and 4 h. All samples were then mixed with CaCO3 and lastly activated with aqueous acid. The results showed the SBE color restored at calcination temperature higher than 500°C, even though the decomposition of the volatile compound was removed at 680°C according to thermal gravimetric analysis. Treatment affected the clay structure and mostly removed the impregnated organic matter. The primary phase of regenerated SBE is similar to virgin bleaching earth (VBE), implying the calcination and acid-activation is not alter the phase. Moreover, the adsorbent capacity of regenerated SBE was comparable with VBE, showing the regenerated SBE has promising potential for many applications, in particular for the palm oil refining industry. Regenerated SBE gave significantly larger specific surface area, microporous surface area and total pore volume with smaller the average pore diameter.
Preparation and Structures of Carbon-Copper Oxide Nanofibers from Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Composite
Authors: Nasir Muhamad , Ida Sugatri Rana 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Carbon-copper oxide nanofibers have been prepared by heat treatment of polyacrylonitrile-copper salt nanofibers. In this study, fabrication of PAN-copper salt using two different methods - firstly, synthesis of PAN-copper salt solution using electrospinning (PAN-CuAc NF), and secondly, immersion of electrospun PAN nanofiber in the copper salt solution (PAN-c-CuAc NF). Those ways had a distinct effect on the structure of carbon-copper oxide nanofibers. The morphologies and structures of carbon-copper oxide nanofibers were observed by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The SEM image showed a randomly oriented nanofiber structure without bead formation, which average diameter of the nanofiber decreased with increasing process temperature. IR spectra and XRD patterns confirmed the formation of aromatic structures and graphite-like structures on carbon-copper oxide nanofiber. The Raman spectrum revealed that the intensity ratio (ID/IG) of carbonized nanofibers showed different values when the electrospun PAN composite nanofibers were synthesized using a different method, 1.59 for electrospun PAN nanofibers (CNF), 1.92 for carbonized PAN- CuAc nanofibers (C-copper oxide NF), and 0.60 for carbonized PAN-c-CuAc nanofibers (C-c-copper oxide NF).The presence of Cu element has been successfully detected in carbon-copper oxide nanofibers using EDX analysis.
The Effect of Al2O3 Nano Particles on Characteristics of Mg-Al-5TiB Grain Refiner Composites Produced by Stir Casting Method
Authors: Zhafara Alintiya , Anne Zulfia S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
High needs for light material with good mechanical characteristics made magnesium and its alloys as an alternative choice because of magnesium’s low density, 1.74 gr/cm3. However, its use is limited by its low strength and ductility. In this experiment, a fabrication process of the composite which is Mg-Al-5TiB as Matrix with the addition of Nano Al2O3 as a reinforced with volume fraction varied from 0.10 Vf-% to 0.25 Vf-% by stir casting method. The composites then were characterized by both microstructure and mechanical properties. The microstructure was analyzed by an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope link to energy-dispersive spectra to analyze the phases present in composites and confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction. The XRD shows some phases such as Mg, MgO, MgAl2O4, and B2O3. The optimum mechanical properties of composites were obtained at the addition of 0.2 Vf-% Al2O3, where the tensile strength, elongation, wear rate and impact strength were 46.1 MPa, 14%, 0.3x10-5 mm3/s, and 0.06 J/mm2. The hardness of composites was value, 40.1 HRH. The porosity maximum was found at the addition of 0.25 Vf-% with the value of 9.37% caused by nano Al2O3 particle forming clustering (porosity is related to clustered particles) and inhibiting liquid metal moving rate. The addition of grain refiner makes solidification went faster and refined the grains.
Preliminary Study of Zirconium Carbide Ceramic Deposition on Austenitic Stainless Steel by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Shabrina N. , Sumaryo  , Sugeng B. , Haerani D.N. , Mardiyanto  , Rivai A.K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Coating Zirconium Carbide (ZrC) on the stainless steel (SS) will increase the corrosion resistance of SS which suffer from the intergranular attacks during operation as construction materials in reactors. ZrC coating have been partially deposited on Austenitic 316L SS by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) at 800°C temperature substrate with constant oxygen flow injection of 40 sccm (Standard Cubic Centimeters per Minute), chamber pressure around 229-244 mTorr and 105 the numbers of laser shots. The sample was analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Microscope Optic (MO), Scanning Electron Microscope – Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscope (SEM-EDS), and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) to characterize the phase, morphology, thickness of the films and surface topography. The results showed that the thickness of the thin film around 4.93-8.10 µm with 49.6 nm surface roughness. The film surface was very smooth. The present of Zr and C was detected in SEM & EDS results but not appeared in XRD pattern, possibly due to diminish tension of the thin films on the substrates caused by low lattice mismatch between ZrC and Austenitic 316L SS substrate. Furthermore, ZrO2 phase has been found on the substrate which is predicted because of the interaction between ZrC target and oxygen background gas.
Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Approaches for Tantalum and Niobium Pentoxides Enrichment in 1st Tin Slag from Bangka Island
Authors: Permana Sulaksana , Abdul Majid Rafdi , Wahyuadi Soedarsono Johny 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Indonesia is the second largest tin producer in the world that resulting abound of byproduct. This by-product contains some of valuable metal oxides, such as 0.30% tantalum (Ta2O5) and 0.58% niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5). The supply deficit of these minerals induces researchers worldwide to conduct investigations. This study explored the effect of roasting at 900°C, NaOH quenching, and HC1 leaching with 45, 65, and 85°C temperature variables and 4M, 6M, 8M concentration variables. These measures were employed to upgrade the contents of tantalum and niobium pentoxide (TNP). The filtration products of quenching and leaching were characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). On the one hand, 900°C roasting and NaOH quenching decreased the 100 mesh-measuring TNP contents, 0.14% Ta2O5 and 0.2% Nb2O5. On the other hand, HC1 leaching with a 65°C temperature variable showed an optimal yield ratio of 3.75 Ta2O5 and 3.57 Nb2O5. The total yield ratio of TNP is 3.63.
Synthesize & Characterization of Li3PO4(0.5)LiI(0.25)LiCl(0,25) Solid Electrolyte for Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Paksi Raganata Gde , Kartini Evvy , Jodi Heri , Wahyudianingsih  , Sudjatno Agus , Nicolas Gunawidjaja Philips 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Lithium phosphate (Li3PO4) is a promising candidate for solid electrolytes. However its ionic conductivity still stands at 3 × 10−7 S/cm which is very low compared to liquid electrolytes which are contained within widely distributed lithium ion batteries at 10−3 S/cm. This requires a solution to increase its conductivity which is the addition of dopants. The proposed dopants are lithium iodide (LiI) and lithium chloride (LiCl) which is mixed with the Li3PO4, creating the new solid electrolyte system Li3PO4(0.5)LiI(0.25)LiCl(0,25). The mixture had an ionic conductivity of 8 × 10−4 S/cm observed through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The crystal structure observation using x-ray diffraction identified the Li3PO4 belongs to the Hermann-Mauguinn symmetrical space group of P m n b.
GOF-SLFN- An Intelligent Attack Detection System against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks based on Glow Worm Swarm optimized Single Layer Feed Forward Networks for vehicular Cyber Physical Systems (VCPS)
Authors: Mercy Sam Sigamani Rama , Ganapathi Padmavathi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVehicular cyber-physical network use either wireless communications or internet to communicate with each other for an efficient data transfer. Data includes transportation details, safety, mobility and sustainability. However, these communication networks for vehicular transportation are susceptible to different cyber-attacks, which may lead to severe damages or huge casualties in vehicular infrastructures. Hence the intelligent attack detection system needs to be obtaining the lime light of research based on recent machine and deep learning algorithms. In this paper, the GOF-SLFN (Glowworm optimized features for Single-layer feed-forward network) is proposed to detect the attacks among the vehicular cyber physical systems. Since DoS attacks can happen at any layer of OSI Model such as application, network and transport the foremost purpose of the paper is to detect the DoS attacks using the proposed intelligent algorithm. The glowworm algorithm extracted the optimum features based on the probabilistic mechanism and SLFN has been proposed using glowworm to detect the DoS attacks. The proposed system outperformed in detection when compared with artificial neural network, SLFN, Multi-layer Perceptron and random forest. The proposed GOF-SLFN has been again compared with firefly, Bat and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and found the proposed intelligent system provided promising results for detection of DoS attacks in VCPS. The proposed system has been tested on the real time scenarios created with SUMO and OMNET++ environment integrated with CIC IDS 2018 datasets. The performance metrics considered were based on accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.
A Novel Approach for Improved Load Balancing and Interference Reduction in Wireless Networks using OFDMA
Authors: Saravana Kumar SS , Umapathy K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The quality of service offered to the user equipment in Multihop cellular networks with proper connection is affected severely due to the fading effects. These fading effects can lead to link loss between the user equipment (UE) and base station. This problem is severe when the UE traveling inside of tunnel, forests and big buildings. The duration of the link loss may vary from seconds to hours. Link loss management can control the link loss, increase the coverage area and signal quality in cell boundaries. It requires predictive power and link scheduling in cell sectors and signal quality enhancement at cell boundaries using filters. Interference Coordination and Load Balancing at base station and UE algorithm is used. This paper introduces a link loss management algorithm with load balancing to provide seamless service to users and this increases the Quality of Service (QoS) of safety critical communications.
Comparative review on mechanical properties of concrete with replacing curing water by self-curing compounds
Authors: Niranjan Reddy BL , Vinod Kumar M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The curing of concrete requires large amount of water. Self-curing concrete is one kind of concrete, which fix itself by holding water (dampness content) in it. A body of literature on the different self-curing compounds is uses for curing purpose without externally curing the concrete is currently available, but a systematic review is lacking. Therefore, this paper reviews the published literature on the use of different self-curing compounds in concrete and past work analysis on self-curing concrete. Various chemicals were uses to attain this curing. It was found out that various chemical admixtures like Poly ethylene glycol, Sodium lignosulphonate, Polyvinyl alcohol, Super absorbent polymer and normally accessible and regularly utilizes materials like Light weight aggregates, Wood powder and Light expanded clay aggregate were uses to fabricate self-curing concrete. This paper summarizes the collected literatures on replacement of curing water with self-curing compounds and how these affects the fresh properties and hardened (solidified) properties of concrete, furthermore, we expected that this work may advise further examination regarding the utilization of curing compounds to upgrade the properties of cement and concrete items.
Mode-I fracture toughness evaluation of bio based short areca fibers reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Manjunatha GB , Bharath KN , Harsha H M , Sivaprakash P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Naturally accessible materials have recently become appealing to researchers and scientists due to their suitability as an ideal reinforcement for polymer composites reinforced with fiber. Low cost, relatively strong mechanical properties, qualities of non-abrasive and bio-degradability, exploited as a switch to the standard fiber. This research investigates the effect of areca fiber reinforcement of fracture load and fracture toughness. Epoxy resin used as a matrix material. Type I fracture hardness checks are conducted in a universal servo hydraulic control system. The findings revealed a significant improvement in fracture load values and durability of fracture with improved fibre content.
Low Cost Autonomous Driving Architecture using Ultrasonic Sensors and Camera
Authors: Manivannan S , Jagadeesh Kannan R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The existing autonomous vehicles cost are very high due to inclusive of various range of LIDAR, RADAR and multiple cameras for autonomous features. The proposed autonomous vehicles can operate at low speed with limited sensors which will cut the cost by half. The purpose of this research is to make an auto driven platform, which can be ported in any electric vehicles. The prototype also has features including a safety system, control panel, route recognition, android device assistance, Wi-Fi, & battery updates. Our study findings are carefully analysed. This leads to less emissions of the electric vehicle powered by man.
Synthesis, characterisation and biological investigation of some third-row elements with halo- substituted coumarin schiff base with N and O as donors
Authors: Patil Pratiba , Betageri Virupaxappa S , Kinnal Shivashankar M , Latha M S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The present work involves in the synthesis, spectral characterisation and the biological analysis of the metal complexes which were derived from 3-Chloro-8-formyl-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin and benzylamine. The molar conductivity values indicated that the complexes are non-electrolytes. Elemental analysis was carried out to assign the [ML2(H2O)2] stoichiometry to the metal complexes, where M=Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu(II) and L=deprotonated ligand. The IR data confirmed coordination of metal ions to the ligand. The presence of a coordinated water molecule was investigated by thermal studies and the electronic spectral results were helpful in assigning the geometry to synthesised complexes. The both Schiff base and the derived metal complexes were subjected various biological activities to check their potency.
Probabilistic Analysis of Dynamic Power and Area in Network on Chip
Authors: Ramesh G P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The power used by digital integrated circuits has become a key restriction for the design and development of VLSI as the device complexity and transistor density increase. Clock-gate synthesis methods are applied to circuits to prune changes in registers by modifying the next-state register functions in order to reduce complex power dissipations. Therefore, a sequential inspection of the circuits is needed for testing this form of synthesis. A new design to increase the efficiency of network-on-chip buffers and minimize the overall area and power consumption of the router is proposed. The non-uniform use of buffers in the network is leveraged, and control is used in unusual buffers. A part of the buffer is turned on instead of shutting down the buffer completely. For some recent studies, power-gating inactive components have been used as a promising approach to minimize static and dynamic power consumption, although its disadvantages, like wake-up delay and power overhead, should also be properly addressed. Throughout this work, a probabilistic experiment was carried out to estimate the power-gating performance and a control unit was proposed to handle the confirmation of the sleep signal to buffer entries based on the results of the study. The analysis results show an average increase in static power savings. For the research community to tackle the Contest of improved power performance and efficiency, including control gate, operating insulation, storage slicing, power gate and intensity scaling, respectively. The analysis is also examined other systems and strategies for optimization built to reduce power further without noticeable loss of performance.
Congestion and SINR Evaluation for Improving Traffic Capacity in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
Authors: Nandakumar S D , Thirunadana Sikamani K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
More than the several years, multi-hop wireless ad hoc network shave obtained significant attention. This network is usual to have pervasive pertinences for the intention of transactions as well as disseminated calculation. Generally, the ad hoc network uses the hybrid routing protocols to handle the traffic flow in the network. However, the hybrid protocols did not consider the congestion related problems. Therefore, we propose Congestion and Signal to Interference Noise Ratio (SINR) Evaluation for Improving Traffic Capacity in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks (CETC) aiming to maximize the throughput and improve the energy efficiency. In this scheme, the congestion measurement is used to evaluate demanding time for determining a route with an expected lower level congestion. In addition, the SINR measurement is used to determine the node link performance. Thus, it improves the energy-efficiency and network throughput. The Simulation results show that the proposed CETC improves the network performance and reduce the delay as well as energy consumption.