bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of Herbicide Using Bio-Based Materials
Authors: Shanmugam Saravanan Ramiah , Adhikari Sushil , Nam Hyungseok , Patil Vivek 
Published: October 2019

HighlightsGlyphosate sorption using bio-based adsorbents was investigated in this study.Biochars showed poor sorption of glyphosate in comparison to the activated carbons.Total pore volume of bio-based adsorbents played a key role in sorption of glyphosate.Abstract. This study examined the glyphosate sorption ability of different bio-based materials, including biochars and activated carbons synthesized from Douglas fir, kraft lignin, and mixed wood pellets. All the biochars showed poor sorption of glyphosate in comparison to the activated carbons derived from biochars and the commercial powdered activated carbon (PAC) investigated in this study. All the biochar-derived activated carbons produced in the laboratory showed comparable glyphosate sorption in comparison to PAC. The activated carbons synthesized from Douglas fir biomass showed the highest glyphosate sorption among the activated carbons investigated. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to describe the adsorption kinetics of glyphosate onto activated carbons. Adsorption capacity showed better correlation (R2 = 0.989) with the total pore volume in comparison to the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and microporosity. The results of batch desorption tests indicated that the biochar-derived activated carbons and PAC showed &gt;60% glyphosate retention. The results of this study indicate that activated carbons derived from biochars produced with thermochemical conversion processes could effectively sorb herbicide such as glyphosate similarly to commercial activated carbon and could be used either as a replacement for PAC in water treatment plants or for on-site treatment of agricultural runoff water. Keywords: Adsorption, Desorption, Herbicides, Kraft lignin, Model isotherms, Pore volume.
Prospective Molecular Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells from Patients with Melanoma Receiving Combinatorial Immunotherapy
Authors: Lin Selena Y , Chang Shu-Ching , Lam Stella , Irene Ramos Romela , Tran Kevin , Ohe Shuichi , Salomon Matthew P , Bhagat Ali Asgar S , Teck Lim Chwee , Fischer Trevan D , Foshag Leland J , Boley Christine L , O'Day Steven J , Hoon Dave S B 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlood molecular profiling of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can enable monitoring of patients with metastatic melanoma during checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy (CII) and in combination with targeted therapies. We developed a microfluidics-based CTC platform to explore CTC profiling utility in CII-treated patients with melanoma using a melanoma messenger RNA (mRNA)/DNA biomarker panel.METHODSBlood samples (n = 213) were collected prospectively from 75 American Joint Committee on Cancer-staged III/IV melanoma patients during CII treatment and those enriched for CTCs. CTC profiling was performed using 5 known melanoma mRNA biomarkers and BRAF V600E DNA mutation. CTC biomarker status associations with clinical outcomes were assessed.RESULTSCTCs were detected in 88% of blood samples from patients with melanoma. CTC-derived biomarkers and clinical variables analyzed using classification and regression tree analysis revealed that a combination of lactate dehydrogenase, CTC-mRNA biomarkers, and tumor BRAF–mutation status was indicative of clinical outcomes for patients with stage IV melanoma (n = 52). The panel stratified low-risk and high-risk patients, whereby the latter had poor disease-free (P = 0.03) and overall survival (P = 0.02). Incorporation of a DNA biomarker with mRNA profiling increased overall CTC-detection capability by 57% compared to mRNA profiling only. RNA sequencing of isolated CTCs identified significant catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) overexpression (P &lt;0.01) compared to nondisease donor blood. CTC-CTNNB1 was associated with progressive disease/stable disease compared to complete-responder patient status (P = 0.02). Serial CTC profiling identified subclinical disease in patients who developed progressive disease during treatment/follow-up.CONCLUSIONSCTC-derived mRNA/DNA biomarkers have utility for monitoring CII, targeted, and combinatorial therapies in metastatic melanoma patients.
A Multiplex, Droplet Digital PCR Assay for the Detection of T-Cell Receptor Excision Circles and Kappa-Deleting Recombination Excision Circles
Authors: Profaizer Tracie , Slev Patricia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC) and κ-deleting recombination receptor excision circles (KREC) concentrations can be used to assess and diagnose immune deficiencies, monitor thymic and bone marrow immune reconstitution, or follow responses to drug therapy. We developed an assay to quantify TREC, KREC, and a reference gene in a single reaction using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR).

METHODS
PCR was optimized for 3 targets: TREC, KREC, and ribonuclease P/MRP subunit p30 (RPP30) as the reference gene. Multiplexing was accomplished by varying the target's fluorophore and concentration. Correlation with clinical results was evaluated using 47 samples from healthy donors, 59 samples with T-cell and B-cell markers within the reference interval from the flow cytometry laboratory, 20 cord blood samples, and 34 samples submitted for exome sequencing for severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID).

RESULTS
The limit of the blank was 4 positive droplets, limit of detection 9 positive droplets, and limit of quantification 25 positive droplets, or 2.0 copies/μL. TREC and KREC copies/μL were as expected in the healthy donors and cord blood samples and concordant with the healthy flow cytometry results. Of the samples from the SCID Panel, 56.5% had a TREC count &lt;20 copies/μL and 17.7% had a KREC count &lt;20 copies/μL, suggestive of low T- and B-cell numbers, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Our multiplex ddPCR assay is an analytically sensitive and specific method for the absolute quantification of TREC and KREC. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to describe the simultaneous quantification of TREC, KREC, and a reference gene by use of ddPCR.
Situações escolares envolvendo a questão religiosa: recursos docentes e suas origens
Authors: Valente Gabriela Abuhab 
Published: October 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar e analisar as origens dos recursos utilizados pelos docentes para gerir situações escolares envolvendo a questão religiosa. A constituição de recursos para a prática docente não advém apenas da experiência profissional, principalmente quando se trata de um assunto para o qual não há normas ou prescrições oficiais. Desta forma, questiona-se: quais são os recursos mobilizados pelos docentes em situações envolvendo a questão religiosa? Quais são as origens desses recursos para a ação em situação real, muitas vezes, imprevisível? Tem-se como hipótese que os recursos de ação utilizados nas práticas docentes condizem com a pluralidade de referências que constituem a identidade docente. A partir de entrevistas etnográficas com 18 docentes do Ensino Fundamental II no Estado de São Paulo, foram recolhidas 54 situações envolvendo a questão religiosa. Todas as situações foram analisadas no que concerne aos recursos utilizados pelos docentes. Para este artigo, foram selecionadas quatro situações que serão expostas por serem representativas e por exemplificarem e auxiliarem no argumento aqui desenvolvido. Conclui-se que a origem dos repertórios utilizados na prática docente, no que concerne à questão religiosa, advém das competências pessoais dos profissionais que, por sua vez, estão intimamente associadas com características da configuração sociocultural brasileira, como a mistura entre esfera pública e esfera privada e as disposições híbridas de habitus que culminam com a naturalização do religioso na prática docente.
The effect of written text on comprehension of spoken English as a foreign language: A replication study
Authors: Wang Xuan , Tragant Elsa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The use of written text has been acclaimed to enhance L2 listening comprehension, yet some argue that using written text does not effectively prepare learners to listen in real situations. Thus, the study was conducted to explore the effect of written text on learners’ perceived difficulty, listening comprehension and learning to listen through replicating the research by Diao, Chandler & Sweller (2007. The effect of written text on comprehension of spoken English as a foreign language. The American Journal of Psychology 237–261). Participants were 101 low-proficient English learners who were divided into three groups: listening with subtitles, listening with a full script and listening only. Each group first listened to a passage in their respective mode, then all three groups listened to another passage in the listening-only mode. Participants rated their perceived difficulty and completed a free recall task after each listening. Results suggest that the difficulty of written text should be tuned with learners’ proficiency level so that they can benefit from the presence of written text in listening.
#Metoo/#Aidtoo and Creating an Intersectional Feminist NPO/NGO Sector
Authors: Gillespie Elizabeth M. , Mirabella Roseanne M. , Eikenberry Angela M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this essay is to explore the implications of #metoo and #aidtoo for understanding nonprofit/nongovernmental organization (NPO/NGO) theory and practice. We provide an overview of how women have experienced sexual violence in the context of NPOs/NGOs and draw on an intersectional feminist theory lens to highlight the context that enables violence to persist, and which requires more than implementing bureaucratic accountability reforms. We end by discussing potential avenues for creating change to end such violence.
Good Enough for Government Work? An Incomplete Contracts Approach to the Use of Nonprofits in U.S. Federal Procurement
Authors: Thornton Jeremy , Lecy Jesse 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the use of the nonprofit organizational form to mitigate the impact of incomplete contracts in the public sector Transaction costs economics (TCE) predicts that the expense of incomplete contracts will rise with contract complexity and asset specificity. Previous research shows that government agencies increase their use cost-plus style contracts to economize on these costs. However, cost-plus style contracts may also increase the propensity to inflate procurement costs, also known as gold-plating, when relationally specific investments are required. Consistent with this expectation, we find that federal agencies reduce their use of cost-plus style contracts as asset specificity rises. The paper then explores the use of nonprofit organizations as an alternative tool to reduce contracting costs. Using data from the Federal Procurement Data System, we examine the choice of organizational form by federal agencies, as contracts become more or less incomplete. Consistent with our hypotheses, we find that the use of nonprofit organizations increases with contract complexity. In contrast to cost-plus style contracts, we find that the use of nonprofits also increases with asset specificity. We apply this finding to support the conjecture that the nonprofit organization form is used by government agencies to mitigate contract incompleteness without the associated risk of cost inflation. We conclude by offering suggestions for why nonprofit contracts appear relatively infrequently in federal procurement data.
The Role of Mandatory Evacuations as Costly Signals during Interstate Disputes
Authors: de Zamaróczy Nicolas , Mahanta Upasana 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
International Relations (IR) scholars, particularly those working in the rationalist tradition, argue that costly signalling is one of the main tools that policymakers have to resolve interstate bargaining disputes and, ultimately, to minimize the occurrence of war. Recent rationalist work has greatly advanced our understanding of how costly signalling works in global politics, particularly by unpacking how militarized escalations can signal potential antagonists (e.g. Slantchev 2011). But the current literature is too hasty in dismissing the importance of non-militarized signalling during international crises, particularly for leaders worried about the risk of accidental wars. This paper presents mandatory evacuations (MEs) as a form of non-militarized escalation that states have been increasingly using since World War II to credibly signal their opponents. We illustrate our claims with a case study of China’s preparations for the 1979 Sino-Vietnamese War, when it ordered a massive evacuation along its northern border as a costly signal towards the Soviets.
Hyletic Phenomenology and Hyperobjects
Authors: Daves Seth 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, I attempt to argue alongside Clayton Crockett that Timothy Morton’s hyperobjects can be extended to encompass every object, not merely those that are large in comparison to human beings. However, unlike Crockett who uses the works of Derrida and Lacan to achieve this goal, I turn to Husserl’s underdeveloped theory of hyletic phenomenology and hyle. Despite Husserl’s articulation of hyletic phenomenology ending as quickly as it is announced, I argue that three lessons can be learned from what Husserl does have to say about hyle. Specifically, hyle is non-intentional, it is co-constitutive of intentionality, and hyle contains the possibility of broadening our traditional understanding of objects. Taken together, I suggest that Husserl’s understanding of hyle caries considerable overlap with both Crockett and Morton’s understanding of hyperobjects.
How Dumb Are Big Dumb Objects? OOO, Science Fiction, and Scale
Authors: Isto Raino 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article considers the potential intersections of object-oriented ontology and science fiction studies by focusing on a particular type of science-fictional artifact, the category of ‘Big Dumb Objects.’ Big Dumb Objects is a terminology used—often quite playfully—to describe things or structures that are simultaneously massive in size and enigmatic in purpose: they stretch the imagination through both the technical aspects of their construction and the obscurity of their purpose. First used to designate the subjects of several science fiction novels written in the 1970s, Big Dumb Objects (often called BDOs) have been understood in terms of science fiction’s enduring interest in the technological sublime and the transcendental. While object-oriented ontology has often turned to science fiction and weird fiction for inspiration in rethinking the possibilities inherent in things and their relations, it has not considered the implications of BDOs for a theory of the object more broadly. The goal of this article is to consider how extreme size and representations of scale in science fiction can help expand an understanding of the object along lines that are similar to those pursued by object-oriented ontology, especially Timothy Morton’s notion of hyperobjects.
Magneto-electric multiferroics: designing new materials from first-principles calculations
Authors: Varignon Julien , Bristowe Nicholas C. , Bousquet Eric , Ghosez Philippe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn parallel with the revival of interest for magneto-electric multiferroic materials in the beginning of the century,first-principlessimulations have grown incredibly in efficiency during the last two decades. Density functional theory calculations, in particular, have so become a must-have tool for physicists and chemists in the multiferroic community. While these calculations were originally used to support and explain experimental behaviour, their interest has progressively moved to the design of novel magneto-electric multiferroic materials. In this article, we mainly focus on oxide perovskites, an important class of multifunctional material, and review some significant advances to which contributedfirst-principlescalculations. We also briefly introduce the various theoretical developments that were at the core of all these advances.
Firing Rate Homeostasis Can Occur in the Absence of Neuronal Activity-Regulated Transcription
Authors: Tyssowski Kelsey M. , Letai Katherine C. , Rendall Samuel D. , Tan Chao , Nizhnik Anastasia , Kaeser Pascal S. , Gray Jesse M. 
Published: October 2019

Despite dynamic inputs, neuronal circuits maintain relatively stable firing rates over long periods. This maintenance of firing rate, or firing rate homeostasis, is likely mediated by homeostatic mechanisms such as synaptic scaling and regulation of intrinsic excitability. Because some of these homeostatic mechanisms depend on transcription of activity-regulated genes, includingArcandHomer1a, we hypothesized that activity-regulated transcription would be required for firing rate homeostasis. Surprisingly, however, we found that cultured mouse cortical neurons from both sexes grown on multi-electrode arrays homeostatically adapt their firing rates to persistent pharmacological stimulation even when activity-regulated transcription is disrupted. Specifically, we observed firing rate homeostasis inArcknock-out neurons, as well as knock-out neurons lacking the activity-regulated transcription factors AP1 and SRF. Firing rate homeostasis also occurred normally during acute pharmacological blockade of transcription. Thus, firing rate homeostasis in response to increased neuronal activity can occur in the absence of neuronal-activity-regulated transcription.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuronal circuits maintain relatively stable firing rates even in the face of dynamic circuit inputs. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that enable this firing rate homeostasis could potentially provide insight into neuronal diseases that present with an imbalance of excitation and inhibition. It has long been proposed that activity-regulated transcription could underlie firing rate homeostasis because activity-regulated genes turn on when neurons are above their target firing rates and include many genes that could regulate firing rate. Surprisingly, despite this prediction, we found that cortical neurons can undergo firing rate homeostasis in the absence of activity-regulated transcription, indicating that firing rate homeostasis can be controlled by non-transcriptional mechanisms.
Midnight salivary cortisol secretion associated with high systolic blood pressure in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Melin Eva Olga , Hillman Magnus , Landin-Olsson Mona 
Published: October 2019

Objective
To explore associations between high midnight salivary cortisol (MSC) secretion and high blood pressure (BP) in type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods
Cross-sectional study of 196 adult patients with T1D (54% men). Associations between high MSC (≥9.3 nmol/L) and high systolic BP (>130 mmHg), and high diastolic BP (>80 mmHg) were explored for all patients, users and non-users of antihypertensive drugs (AHD). Adjustments were performed for age, sex, diabetes-related variables, p-creatinine, smoking, physical inactivity, depression and medication.

Results
The prevalence of high MSC differed between patients with high and low systolic BP in all 196 patients: 39 vs 13% (P = 0.001); in 60 users of AHD: 37 vs 12% (P = 0.039), and in 136 non-users of AHD: 43 vs 13% (P = 0.012). Significant associations with high systolic BP were for all patients: physical inactivity (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 6.5), high MSC (AOR 3.9), abdominal obesity (AOR 3.7), AHD (AOR 2.9), age (per year) (AOR 1.07), and p-creatinine (per µmol/L) (AOR 1.03); for 60 users of AHD: high MSC (AOR 4.1) and age (per year) (AOR 1.11); for 136 non-users of AHD: abdominal obesity (AOR 27.4), physical inactivity (AOR 14.7), male sex (AOR 9.0), smoking (AOR 7.9), and age (per year) (AOR 1.08). High MSC was not associated with high DBP.

Conclusions
In adult patients with T1D, high systolic BP was associated with physical inactivity, high MSC secretion, abdominal obesity, p-creatinine, age, and AHD, the latter indicating treatment failure.
El oficio del historiador y las nuevas formas de hacer historia: De la teoría a las prácticas
Authors: Pabón Serrano Oscar Mauricio , Lizcano Herrera Dayana Lucía , Joya Jiménez Edna Lucía 
Published: October 2019

El siguiente artículo intenta precisar algunos aspectos metodológicos, conceptuales y temáticos que delinearon el desarrollo de la investigación y la ciencia histórica a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, época en la que se tomó conciencia de la necesidad de comprender desde las ciencias sociales todos los ámbitos de la actividad humana y de superar las barreras trazadas por la historia política de corte tradicional. Este movimiento de renovación se concretó en la corriente historiográfica conocida como la historial social, un enfoque que echó mano de las nuevas formas, objetos de estudio, teorías sociales y fuentes de información, replanteando el modo como se investiga el pasado, considerando el estudio de otros actores sociales y de los diferentes fenómenos que implican la vida en comunidad. En la parte final del artículo se reseñan tres investigaciones que ilustran el interés de los historiadores por los “otros” temas que, como la enfermedad o los estereotipos femeninos, llamaron la atención de la historia social.
Uma proposta de uso da plataforma Wiki Aves como um facilitador na aprendizagem de temas ambientais relacionados à ornitologia
Authors: Dias da Silva José Antônio , Nery Aline Silva Dejosi 
Published: October 2019

Por meio do uso de plataformas digitais como o portal Wiki Aves, o interesse público pela atividade de observação de aves (birdwatching) tem gerado dados que têm sido úteis aos docentes, sobretudo para o desenvolvimento de práticas pedagógicas ao ar livre, com vista ao conhecimento e à conservação das espécies de aves locais. Sabe-se que essa atividade, além de ser dinâmica e prazerosa, pode prestar enormes contribuições ao desenvolvimento sustentável quando associada à educação ambiental. Com base nos referenciais teóricos que enfatizam o uso de mídias digitais e novas tecnologias na prática educacional, elaboramos uma proposta pedagógica que, quando aplicada, visa contribuir para alcançar os objetivos preconizados pelas diretrizes dos programas nacionais de educação ambiental. O presente artigo propõe uma metodologia pedagógica tendo por base o portal Wiki Aves para um entendimento da composição da avifauna do município do Rio de Janeiro e projeta como esse conhecimento pode direcionar a realização de atividades pedagógicas envolvendo práticas de educação ambiental. As atividades propostas reforçam o valor da observação de aves como um incentivo para o ensino de ciências e/ou biologia, podendo contribuir para o conhecimento científico por meio da prática cidadã por alunos de diversos segmentos escolares.