bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited impact of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia and severe hypoglycaemia on the inflammatory profile of people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ali Namam , Janssen Anna W. M. , Jaeger Martin , Van de Wijer Lisa , van der Heijden Wouter , ter Horst Rob , Vart Priya , van Gool Alain , Joosten Leo A. B. , Netea Mihai G. , Stienstra Rinke , De Galan Bastiaan E. , Tack Cees J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate whether a history of severe hypoglycaemia (SH) or the associated presence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) is characterized by a pro‐inflammatory profile in people with type 1 diabetes.Research design and methodsWe measured circulating inflammatory markers and pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine production after ex vivo stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a well‐characterized cohort of individuals with type 1 diabetes (n = 239) and in people without diabetes (n = 56). Data were corrected for confounders by using multivariate linear regression models.ResultsPeople with type 1 diabetes had higher circulating concentrations of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP; 0.91 [0.36–2.25] vs. 0.52 [0.20–0.98] pg/mL, P < 0.001 and interleukin‐18‐binding protein (IL‐18BP; 1746 [1304–2112] vs. 1381 [1191–1807] pg/mL; P = 0.001) than those without diabetes. In multivariate analysis, only higher hs‐CRP concentrations persisted. Neither circulating immune cells nor ex vivo cytokine levels produced by PBMCs in response to an extensive panel of stimuli differed in groups defined by awareness state or a history of SH, apart from elevated IL‐18BP in people with, versus those without, history of SH (1524 [1227–1903] vs. 1913 [1459–2408] pg/mL; P < 0.001).ConclusionsIAH or history of SH in people with type 1 diabetes was not associated with altered inflammatory profiles, arguing against chronically elevated inflammatory activity mediating the increased cardiovascular risk associated with hypoglycaemia. The finding of higher circulating concentrations of IL‐18BP in individuals with a history of SH requires further investigation.
Reversible cardiac dysfunction in severe COVID‐19 infection, mechanisms and case report
Authors: Chao Chieh‐Ju , DeValeria Patrick A. , Sen Ayan , Lee Hong , Pedrotty Dawn M , Patel Bhavesh , Arsanjani Reza , Naqvi Tasneem Z. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA previously healthy 49‐year‐old male patient presented with COVID‐19 infection and required mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation due to severe hypoxemia. Echocardiography showed cardiac dysfunction with an apical sparing strain pattern, which rapidly normalized within a week. Apical sparing myocardial strain in patients with COVID‐19 infection may suggest reverse‐type stress cardiomyopathy.
Field collection of egg parasitoids of Pentatomidae and Scutelleridae in Northwest Italy and their efficacy in parasitizing Halyomorpha halys under laboratory conditions
Authors: Moraglio Silvia T. , Tortorici Francesco , Giromini Debora , Pansa Marco G. , Visentin Sara , Tavella Luciana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe invasion of Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) has caused severe economic damage in crops in North America and Europe, motivating research to identify its natural enemies, both in native and invaded areas. In its Asian native range, the main natural enemies are egg parasitoids, among which the most effective are Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) and Trissolcus mitsukurii (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in China and Japan, respectively. In Europe, biology, host range, and impact of most native scelionid species are not well‐known. The present study aimed to investigate (1) presence and abundance of scelionid species that parasitize native Pentatomidae and Scutelleridae eggs in Northwest Italy, and (2) their ability to develop on H. halys eggs. During 4‐year field surveys, egg masses were collected and reared until bug nymph or adult parasitoid emergence. Then, the obtained scelionid females were tested for their ability to parasitize H. halys eggs in laboratory no‐choice experiments. Egg masses of all collected bug species were parasitized, and Telenomus spp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), Trissolcus belenus (Walker), and Anastatus bifasciatus (Geoffroy) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) were the most common parasitoids. In the laboratory, Trissolcus kozlovi Rjachovskij was the only species to significantly produce offspring from fresh H. halys eggs, whereas all tested Trissolcus species significantly induced host egg abortion (non‐reproductive effects). This study provides knowledge of the parasitoid species associated with native bugs, and represents a starting point to investigate the intricate interactions between native and exotic parasitoids recently found in northern Italy. These egg parasitoids could potentially be effective biocontrol agents of H. halys.
Plant water stress intensity mediates aphid host choice and feeding behaviour
Authors: Kansman Jessica , Nalam Vamsi , Nachappa Punya , Finke Deborah 
Published: August 2020

The effects of drought‐induced changes in plant quality on aphid performance and population growth is well‐studied. The response of aphid behaviour to plant water limitation has received less attention. Water limitation may affect host‐plant colonization by altering the attractiveness of plants. Additionally, plant water limitation may inhibit feeding site establishment and phloem ingestion.
Our goal was to examine bird cherry‐oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) host selection and feeding behaviour under water limitation. We assessed aphid response to well‐watered, mildly‐stressed, and highly‐stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by evaluating (i) host‐plant selection through two‐choice assays, (ii) feeding behaviour using the electrical penetration graph technique, and (iii) phloem ingestion by quantifying honeydew production.
Aphids were less likely to select highly stressed plants than a mildly stressed or well‐watered alternative. Aphids did not distinguish between mildly stressed and well‐watered plants. Aphid feeding behaviours, including duration of phloem ingestion, were not affected by water availability. However, honeydew production was reduced under both levels of water limitation. These results suggest that the volume of phloem ingested by aphids per unit time declined on stressed plants. The combination of lower colonization and diminished access to food on stressed plants may lead to a reduction in aphid abundance, independent of the direct effects of nutrition on individual aphid performance.
This study highlights the potential contribution of herbivore behaviour to documented changes in aphid abundance on stressed plants and underscores the important role of plant water stress intensity in mediating plant‐herbivore interactions.
Baumol, Engel, and beyond: accounting for a century of structural transformation in Japan, 1885–1985†
Authors: Fukao Kyoji , Paul Saumik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article examines the drivers of the long‐run structural transformation in Japan. It uses a dynamic input–output framework that decomposes the reallocation of the total output across sectors into two components: the demand side and the supply side, or technological change. To perform this task, we employ 13 seven‐sector input–output tables spanning 100 years (1885 to 1985). The results show that the demand‐side factors, as a combination of the Baumol and Engel effects, were the key explanatory factors in more than 60 per cent of the sector‐period cases in the pre‐Second World War period, while the supply‐side effect drove structural transformation in more than 75 per cent of such cases in the post‐Second World War period. Detailed decomposition results suggest that in most of the sectors, changes in private consumption were the dominant force behind the demand‐side explanations. The demand effect was found to be strongest in the commerce and services sector, which contributed to the rapid growth of GDP in Japan throughout the twentieth century.
Early regeneration of axons following peripheral nerve injury is enhanced if p75NTR is eliminated from the surrounding pathway
Authors: McGregor Claire , Sabatier Manning , English Arthur 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe common neurotrophin receptor, p75NTR, has been proposed to be an inhibitor of axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury, but whether this effect is on the regenerating axons, immune cells migrating into the injury site, or cells in the pathway surrounding the axons is not clear. Cut nerves in mice expressing fluorescent proteins in axons were repaired with grafts from non‐fluorescent hosts to study axon elongation when p75NTR was eliminated separately from axons and immune cells in the proximal stump of cut nerves, from cells in the regeneration pathway, or both. Two weeks later, axons from wild type mice regenerating into grafts devoid of p75NTR had elongated more than twice as far as axons in grafts from wild type mice. No enhancement of regeneration of axons in p75NTR knockout mice was observed, whether nerves were repaired with grafts from wild type mice or from p75NTR knockout mice. To evaluate whether inhibition of p75NTR could be used to improve regeneration, nerves in wild type mice repaired without grafts were exposed to a specific inhibitor of the p75NTR receptor, LM11A‐31, at the time of nerve repair. This local blockade of p75NTR resulted in successful regeneration of axons of nearly three times as many motoneurons and reinnervation of twice as many muscle fibers by regenerating motor axons as untreated controls. Expression of p75NTR surrounding regenerating axons contributes to poor regeneration during the first 2 weeks after peripheral nerve injury. Inhibition of p75NTR might be a therapeutic target for treatments of peripheral nerve injuries.
Astell, friendship, and relational autonomy
Authors: Forbes Allauren Samantha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMary Astell's theory of friendship is rich and interesting: it presents the reader with an interpretive puzzle that addresses the nature and roles of virtue and love in friendship, among other things. Recently, Jacqueline Broad and Nancy Kendrick have tackled this puzzle. Broad offers a loosely Aristotelian interpretation, and Kendrick offers an anti‐Aristotelian Christian Platonist interpretation. However, neither fully discharges the apparent tensions within Astell's account, nor do they address what I take to be the most significant result of Astell's theory. I offer a third interpretation that both makes sense of Astell's account and incorporates aspects of both Broad and Kendrick's views. With this account in hand, I turn to the upshot of Astell's theory of friendship, a nascent view of relational autonomy that emerges from friendship. Astell's theory of friendship is fascinating because relational autonomy was not formally theorized until hundreds of years later.
Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration and hepatic encephalopathy: one or two entities?
Authors: Malaquias M. J. , Pinto C. M. , Ramos C. , Ferreira S. , Gandara J. , Almeida A. , Cavaco S. , Miranda H. P. , Magalhães M. 
Published: August 2020

Background and purposeAcquired hepatocerebral degeneration (AHD) and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) are neurological complications of chronic liver disease (CLD) with portosystemic shunt. While HE is common, AHD is a rare entity, and the clinical imaging relationships observed in small series lack validation in large patient cohorts. The aim of this study was to characterize a cohort of AHD patients and to explore possible associations with HE coexistence.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of patients with a working AHD diagnosis, between 2008 and 2019. Clinical, laboratory, imaging and neuropsychological results at first neurological observation were reviewed and compared between the 'AHD' group and the 'AHD with HE' group.ResultsA total of 76 patients were recruited. The most frequent neurological manifestations were neuropsychiatric (93.4%) and extrapyramidal (84.2%). Only 38% of patients had hypermanganesemia. Compared with the AHD group, the AHD with HE group had more hyperkinetic movement disorders (71.4% vs. 38.5%; P = 0.05), a higher number of patients on the dementia spectrum (57.7% vs. 20%; P = 0.04), higher median ammonia levels (P = 0.014) and more widespread cortico‐subcortical and pyramidal involvement on brain magnetic resonance imaging. Nineteen patients underwent liver transplantation, with significantly improved survival (P = 0.006).DiscussionHepatic encephalopathy and AHD often coexist in the same patient. Seventy‐six patients with CLD and AHD were evaluated, making this one of the largest reported AHD cohorts. Blood manganese level was a weak diagnostic marker in AHD. Early liver function restoration through liver transplantation improved survival. Our report provides a detailed description of the phenotype and long‐term outcome of AHD, with relevance for diagnosis and treatment.
Improving answer selection with global features
Authors: Gu Shengwei , Luo Xiangfeng , Wang Hao , Huang Jing , Wei Qin , Huang Subin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGiven a question and its answer candidates (named QA corpus), answer selection is the task of identifying the most relevant answers to the question. Answer selection is widely used in question answering, web search, and so on. Current deep neural network models primarily utilize local features extracted from input question‐answer pairs (QA pairs). However, the global features contained in QA corpora are under‐utilized, and we argue that these global features substantially contribute to the answer selection task. To verify this point of view, we propose a novel model that combines local and global features for answer selection. In our model, two different global feature extractors are employed to extract statistical global features and deep global features from a QA corpus, respectively. Furthermore, we investigate the integration of these global features with local features in various experimental settings: statistical global features, deep global features, and a combination of statistical and deep global features. Our experimental results show that the global features are effective for answer selection. Our model obtains new state‐of‐the‐art results on two public answer selection datasets and performs especially well on YahooCQA, where it achieves 9.2 and 6% higher precision@1 (P@1) and mean reciprocal rank (MRR) scores than previously published models.
Toddler Externalizing Behavior, Social Support, and Parenting Stress: Examining a Moderator Model
Authors: Schellinger Kriston B. , Murphy Laura E. , Rajagopalan Subashini , Jones Tamekia , Hudock Rebekah L. , Graff J. Carolyn , Palmer Frederick B. , Tylavsky Frances A. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThis study examined the possible moderating role of social support on the association between child externalizing behavior and parenting stress in a cross‐sectional sample of typically developing toddlers and their mothers.BackgroundChild externalizing behavior problems often emerge during the toddler years and are associated with increased parenting stress. Family stress theory posits that resources (e.g., social support) may buffer the effects of stressors such as child behavior concerns. However, limited empirical research has examined the impact of social support on parenting stress in parents of typically developing toddlers.MethodThe sample included 1,036 mother–toddler dyads and was representative of the broader region in which the research took place (59% African American, 58% married/cohabitating, 53% with high school diploma). General linear models were performed.ResultsThe interaction term was not significant; therefore, a moderator model was not supported. However, the final model demonstrated that child behavior problems were associated with higher levels of parenting stress; and lower levels of both amount of support and satisfaction with social support were associated with additional increases in parenting stress.ConclusionResults suggest that parents who have low levels of social support and a toddler with higher levels of externalizing behaviors are at particular risk for experiencing elevated levels of parenting stress.ImplicationsGiven that externalizing behaviors are common during the toddler years, future research is needed to better understand how social support benefits parents of toddlers and to develop new or modify existing interventions to increase social support and reduce parenting stress.
Comparison of the effects of losartan, captopril, angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist compound 21, and MAS receptor agonist AVE 0991 on myocardial ischemia–reperfusion necrosis in rats
Authors: Ozhan Onural , Parlakpinar Hakan , Acet Ahmet 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMyocardial ischemia may occur as a result of pathophysiological and therapeutical applications such as atherosclerosis, thromboembolism, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, coronary artery bypass, and transplantation. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of angiotensin (Ang) II type 2 (AT2) selective receptor agonist Compound 21 (C21), MAS receptor agonist AVE 0991, Ang II type 1 (AT1) selective receptor blocker losartan, and Ang‐converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on haemodynamic parameters and infarct size on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R)‐induced necrosis in rats. To induce necrosis in the heart of rats, reperfusion for 2 h following ischemia for 30 min to the descending branch of the left main coronary artery was achieved. C21 (0.03 mg/kg), AVE 0991 (576 μg/kg), losartan (2 mg/kg), and captopril (3 mg/kg) were administered as an intravenous infusion at 10 min before and throughout the ischemia. Then, the infarct size and risk area were calculated from the heart. The percentage of myocardial infarct size to area at risk ratio (%IS/AR) of groups was Control (MI/R) group: 48.9 ± 8.8%; C21 group: 31.1 ± 7.8%; AVE 0991 group: 29.9 ± 4.8%; C21 + AVE 0991 group: 28.2 ± 3.3%; Losartan + AVE 0991 group: 30.8 ± 5.8%; Captopril + AVE 0991 group: 31.7 ± 7.7%. %IS/AR of the drug‐treated groups decreased significantly when compared to the MI/R group (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that the importance of AT1, AT2, and MAS receptors in the MI/R injury. Inhibition of Ang II formation by captopril, blockade of AT1 receptor with losartan, and stimulation of AT2 receptor with C21 and MAS receptor with AVE 0991 showed beneficial effects by reducing infarct size.
Elucidation of fatigue characteristics and fracture mechanism of friction stir spot‐welded tension–shear joint steels
Authors: Selvaraj Thomasprabhu , Ishida Shogo , Arakawa Jinta , Akebono Hiroyuki , Sugeta Atsushi , Aoki Yasuhiro , Fujii Hidetoshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe fatigue life and fracture mechanism of friction stir spot welded tension–shear joints using 590‐MPa class steel as a base material under constant‐amplitude conditions were investigated with focus on welding dimension variations caused by tool wear. The fatigue limit of the friction stir spot welding (FSSW) joint used for this study is significantly low compared with the static tensile strength of the joint itself. It was clarified that the FSSW joint in this study exhibited two different failure morphologies regardless of the applied load level: base metal fracture and weld area fracture. Although the welding state changes due to the tool wear phenomenon that produce two types of fracture modes in relation to the welding rip diameter, they have no effect on the fatigue strength, regardless of the applied load.
Decomposing the VIX: Implications for the predictability of stock returns
Authors: Chow K. Victor , Jiang Wanjun , Li Bingxin , Li Jingrui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe VIX index is not only a volatility index but also a polynomial combination of all possible higher moments in market return distribution under the risk‐neutral measure. This paper formulates the VIX as a linear decomposition of four fundamentally different elements: the realized variance (RV), the variance risk premium (VRP), the realized tail (RT), and the tail risk premium (TRP), respectively. Using an innovative and nonparametric tail risk measure, we find that approximately one‐third of the VIX's formation is attributed to the TRP. In addition to VRP, RT and TRP are crucial components for predicting future returns on equity portfolios.
The role of asymmetry and dynamics in carry trade and general financial markets
Authors: Wu Chang‐Che , Huang MeiChi , Wu Chih‐Chiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigates asymmetric dependence and its dynamics across returns to carry trades, stocks, and bonds using a copula‐based model. We show evidence for a significant increase in carry trade‐stock dependence and substantially negative carry trade‐bond and stock‐bond comovements since the 2007–2008 global financial crisis. We also assess the out‐of‐sample predictability of dependence in the context of asset‐allocation strategies, and find that risk‐averse investors obtain significant economic values by incorporating asymmetry and dynamics into dependence timing, particularly in the 2007–2008 crisis. These findings provide new implications for asset‐allocation strategies and risk management during turbulent market phases.
Seasonal variation in effects of urea and phosphorus on phytoplankton abundance and community composition in a hypereutrophic hardwater lake
Authors: Swarbrick Vanessa J. , Quiñones‐Rivera Zoraida J. , Leavitt Peter R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Urea accounts for half of global agricultural fertiliser applications, yet little is known of its role in eutrophication of freshwater ecosystems, nor how it interacts with phosphorus (P) in regulating phytoplankton composition, especially during spring and autumn.

To identify when and how urea and P inputs interact across the ice‐free period, we conducted seven monthly fertilisation experiments in 3,240‐L mesocosms from ice‐off to ice‐formation in a hypereutrophic lake. In addition, we ran bioassays with ammonium (NH4+) to compare the effects of urea with those of NH4+, the immediate product of chemical decomposition of urea.

Analysis of water‐column chlorophyll a and biomarker pigments by high‐performance liquid chromatography revealed that addition of inorganic P alone (100 µg P L–1 week–1) had no significant impact on either algal abundance or community composition in hypereutrophic Wascana Lake. Instead, fertilisation with urea (4 mg N L−1 week–1) alone, or in concert with P, significantly (p < 0.05) increased algal abundance in spring and much of summer, but not prior to ice formation in October. In particular, urea amendment enhanced abundance of cryptophytes, chlorophytes, and non‐diazotrophic cyanobacteria during April and May, while fertilisation in summer and early autumn (September) increased only chlorophytes and non‐diazotrophic cyanobacteria.

Comparison of urea mesocosms with NH4+ bioassays demonstrated that urea lacked the inherent toxicity of NH4+ in cool waters, but that both compounds stimulated production during summer experiments.

This study showed that urea pollution can degrade water quality in P‐rich lakes across a variety of seasonal conditions, including spring, and underscores the importance of quantifying the timing and form of N inputs when managing P‐rich freshwaters.