bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visceral Adipose Tissue Promotes Pressure-Induced Heart Failure Associated with Circulating Fatty Acids
Authors: Shi Wenjiao , Peng Yuanzhi , Du Jianer , Weng Xiaojian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is the main source of circulating fatty acids (FAs) that provides the energy substrate for the heart. Till now, studies have not shown a clear association between individual circulating FAs and heart failure (HF). In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in circulating FAs in HF mice and their association with VAT by removing epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT).Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal control and eWAT excision groups. Each group was then divided into sham group and HF group. The transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was used to induce pressure-mediated cardiac failure. HE staining and Masson’ staining were used to observe cardiac morphology. Echocardiography was used to determine diastolic left ventricular posterior wall (LVPWd), diastolic left ventricular internal diameter (LVIDd) and fractional shortening (FS%). RT-PCR was used to determine mRNA expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), MYH7, CTGF, collagen 1 (COL1), COL3A1 in heart tissue of mice. HPLC measurement was used to determine serum level of FAs.Results: Cardiac enlargement and fibrosis were observed after TAC surgery evidenced by increased LVPWd, LVIDd, and increased mRNA expression of ANP, BNP, MYH7, CTGF, COL1, COL3A1 in heart tissue (P<0.05). Among various FAs species, serum arachidic acid (P<0.001), behenic acid (P<0.001), lignoceric acid (P<0.01), and docosapentaenoic acid (P<0.05) levels in HF mice were significantly decreased versus sham group. However, above mentioned four serum fatty acids were significantly decreased in both sham and HF group with eWAT excision compared with eWAT reserved. In addition, the changes accompanied by LVPWd significantly decreased and FS% significantly increased.Conclusion: Serum arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, and docosapentaenoic acid levels were significantly decreased in pressure-induced HF mice, most importantly, VAT excision alleviated TAC-induced cardiac failure by decreasing these four kinds of fatty acids levels.
Cordycepin Reverses Cisplatin&nbsp;Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Activating AMPK and Inhibiting the AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liao Xiao-Zhong , Gao Ying , Zhao Hong-Wei , Zhou Mi , Chen Dan-Lei , Tao Lan-Ting , Guo Wei , Sun Ling-Ling , Gu Chu-Ying , Chen Han-Rui , Xiao Zhi-Wei , Zhang Jia-Xing , He Mei-Fang , lin lizhu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Cisplatin (DDP) is the firs-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of NSCLC. However, DDP resistance limits their usage to maximize the antineoplastic effect. The aims of this study were to investigate whether cordycepin (Cor) could reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) in NSCLC and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods: Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed in NSCLC cell lines in vitro and in vivo, parental and DDP-resistant A549 cells, treated with DDP alone or combination with Cor. Proteins of different signaling pathways were investigated between DDP-sensistive and -insensitive A549 cell lines by GO terms and KEGG analysis, and perturbations of the MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways were evaluated by western blot. Results: Our data showed that Cor enhanced DDP inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion of apoptosis markedly compared to DDP alone group in both A549 and A549DDP. The synergic actions were associated with activation of AMPK and inhibition of AKT, mTOR and downstream P709S6K, S6 phosphorylation in the AKT pathway.Conclusion: Cor/DDP combination has synergistic effect on inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis of NSCLC cells in the presence or absence of DDP resistance.
Radiomics for Prediction of Radiation-induced Lung Injury After Robotic Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy of Lung Cancer: Results From Two Independent Institutions
Authors: Bousabarah Khaled , Blanck Oliver , Temming Susanne , Wilhelm Maria-Lisa , Hoevels Mauritius , Baus Wolfgang W. , Ruess Daniel , Visser-Vandewalle Veerle , Ruge Maximilian I. , Treuer Harald , Kocher Martin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To generate and validate a state-of-the-art radiomics model for prediction of radiation-induced lung injury and oncologic outcome in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).Methods: A radiomics model was generated from the planning CT images of 110 patients with primary, inoperable stage I/IIa NSCLC who were treated with robotic SBRT using a risk-adapted fractionation scheme at the University Hospital Cologne (training cohort). In total, 851 radiomic features fulfilling the standards of the Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative (IBSI) were extracted from the outlined gross tumor volume (GTV) and used to build a model for prediction of local control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and development of local lung fibrosis (LF) by means of a gradient-boosted ensemble of regression trees. In addition, predictive clinical and dosimetric parameters were identified from a standard univariate Cox regression analysis. The radiomics model was validated in a comparable cohort of 71 patients treated by robotic SBRT at the Radiosurgery Center in Northern Germany (test cohort).Results: Oncologic outcome did not differ between the two cohorts (OS at 36 months 56% vs. 43%, p=0.065; median DFS 25 months vs. 23 months, p=0.43; LC at 36 months 90% vs. 93%, p=0.197). Local lung fibrosis developed in 33% vs. 35% of the patients (p=0.75), all events were observed within 36 months. In the training cohort, the radiomics model was able to distinguish low-risk from high risk patients for OS, DFS, LC and LF with a high accuracy (p < 0.001). In the test cohort, the model for development of lung fibrosis retained its predictive power and could differentiate patients with a high risk for developing LF from those with a low risk (p=0.016). In contrast, the radiomics model failed to predict OS, DFS and LC in the test cohort. Also, none of the clinical and dosimetric parameters predictive for development of LF in the training cohort (GTV-Dmean, GTV-Dmax, PTV-D95%, Lung-D1ml, age) had a significant impact on the occurrence of LF in the test cohort.Conclusion: Despite the obvious difficulties in generalizing predictive models for oncologic outcome and toxicity, this analysis shows that a carefully designed radiomics model for prediction of local lung fibrosis after SBRT of early stage lung cancer performs well across different institutions.
Discovery of Vespasiano Bignami Paintings at The National Theater of Costa Rica Trough Technical Photography and UV-Vis Spectroscopy
Authors: Barboza Geraldine Conejo , Hernandez Eduardo Libby , Cruz Carmen Marin , Herrera-Sancho Oscar-Andrey 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Paintings are one of the most striking means that human beings have used to share our history, learning, personal beliefs and thoughts. Paintings reflect the connection between the artist and its time, not only in the thematic and stylistic aspects, but in the availability of art materials such as pigments, vehicles and varnishes. Establishing and understanding these relations are key to provide accurate information about the artist’s palette and developing conservation strategies. The ceiling of the Foyer of the National Theater of Costa Rica is decorated with three large format paintings from the 19 th century made by the Italian painter Vespasiano Bignami. The paintings are known as La Poesía, La Música and La Danza (The Poetry, the Music and The Dance) and have undergone restorations in the past. However, their state of conservation is unknown and thus demand accurate scientific examination in order to document their status and the extent of undocumented previous restoration work. To overcome those issues, we propose the application of a combination of non-invasive and in-situ techniques to obtain information about the red pigment composition and actual state of conservation. We employed technical photography in the Visible (Vis) and Near Infrared (IR) regions, using panoramic stitching techniques in order to obtain high resolution images of the very large artworks. Several conservation problems were observed such as: detachment of pigments, cracks, stains, and sections with undocumented restorations. In the IR and in the False Color Infrared (IRFC) images we observed a very conspicuous behavior of the red pigment used in the three paintings. Particular areas with the red pigment were fluorescent, and through Ultraviolet fluorescence (UVF) imaging we identified the pigment as through its red-coral fluorescence as Madder Lake, by comparison to a historical pigments reference palette (Pigment Checker from Cultural Heritage Science Open Source). Measurements in five different red pigmented zones using UV-Vis spectroscopy in La Musica show bands in the 550-650 nm region. A Lorentz Model nonlinear curve fit to the bands allowed us to correlated the fluorescent pigment in the paintings of Vespasiano Bignami with Madder Lake.
Identification of porcine imprinted genes involved in skeletal muscle development by high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Hou Xinhua , Wang Zishuai , Wang Ligang , Zhao Fuping , Liu Xin , Gao Hongmei , Shi Lijun , Yan Hua , Zhang Longchao , Wang Lixian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Imprinted genes—exhibiting parent-specific transcription—play essential roles in the process of mammalian development and growth. To further understand the imprinted genes involved in skeletal muscle development, DNA-seq and RNA-seq were used to explore the characteristics of imprinted genes involved in skeletal muscle development from porcine reciprocal crosses.
Results

A total of 211 paternally and 417 maternally imprinted genes were obtained in this study. Of the candidate imprinted genes, 50 paternally and 112 maternally imprinted genes possessed cytosine and guanine dinucleotide (CpG) islands in their promoters that may have regulated the imprinted gene expression. Imprint-related motifs were predicted and PBX1 motifs may mediate the expression of imprinted genes in the process of skeletal-muscle development. Functional analysis showed that a maternally imprinted gene of EPHB1 was involved in skeletal muscle cell proliferation. Imprinted genes involved in the biological processes of cell proliferation, differentiation and fusion were also analyzed. More maternally imprinted genes, including ADRA1D, E2F1, FBXO40, GHRH and WNT5A, were involved in skeletal muscle development than paternally imprinted genes.
Conclusions

Skeletal muscle development is crucial for meat production. This study identified 628 porcine imprinted genes in skeletal muscle and revealed their functional role in skeletal muscle development. Our findings should further assist with the potential use of imprinted genes in pig breeding.
Circularly-polarized THz wave emission from a micro-thin water flow
Authors: Huang Hsin-Hui , Juodkazis Saulius , Gamaly Eugene , Nagashima Takeshi , Yonezawa Tetsu , Hatanaka Koji 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Intense THz wave sources are highly expected for further progresses in nonlinear THz science and practical implementation of non-ionizing radiation in sensing and communications. Solid-based sources have inherent limits of material breakdown, while intense laser irradiation of liquids is a promising emerging technique for THz wave and hard X-ray emission. Water-based THz emission shows intensity enhancements up to 103 times when laser-pulse pairs with nanosecond delay are used. Here we show circularly- polarized THz wave emission from thin water flow irradiated by two time-separated and linearly-polarized femtosecond laser pulses. THz time-domain spectroscopy reveals the circularly-polarized THz emission dominates 4.7 ns after the first pulse irradiation. THz wave detection delay in the spectroscopy and time-resolved micrography indicate that the THz wave emission originates from the rarefied volume in front of the flow. Radial relaxation of charges (currents) in the focal volume where ponderomotive charge depletion occurred is the origin for the circular polarization; tight focusing localized THz wave emission to the sub-wavelength region.
Early Mobility After Fragility Hip Fracture: A Mixed Methods Embedded Case Study
Authors: Haslam-Larmer Lynn , Donnelly Catherine , Auais Mohammad , Woo Kevin , DePaul Vincent 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundFollowing a hip fracture up to 60% of patients are unable to regain their pre-fracture level of mobility. For hospitalized older adults, the deconditioning effect of bedrest and functional decline has been identified as the most preventable cause of loss of ambulation. Participating in early mobility activities can decrease the overall length of hospital stay and aid in re-establishing a patients’ functional status. Recent studies demonstrate that this older adult population spends greater than 80% of their time in bed during hospitalization, despite being ambulatory prior to their fracture. We do not fully understand why there continues to be such high rates of sedentary times, given that evidence demonstrates functional decline is preventable and early mobility recommendations have been available for over a decade.MethodsA descriptive mixed method embedded case study was selected to understand the phenomenon of early mobility after fragility hip fracture surgery. In this study, the main case was one post-operative unit with a history of recommendation implementation, and the embedded units were patients recovering from hip fracture repair. Data from multiple sources provided an understanding of mobility activity initiation and patient participation.ResultsActivity monitor data from eighteen participants demonstrated a mean sedentary time of 23.18h. Median upright time was 24 min, and median number of steps taken was 30. Qualitative interviews from healthcare providers and patients identified two main categories of themes; factors that are external to the person (system, healthcare provider team, environment) and factors that are unique to the person (psychological and physical factors). Discussion There are multi-level factors that require consideration with implementation of best practice interventions, namely, systemic, healthcare provider related, and patient related. Recommendations are being sustained at the system level, and the unit has embraced a strong interdisciplinary approach. At the micro level, patients identify several factors influencing their participation, which ultimately demonstrates successful uptake of recommendations.ConclusionsThe study reports several variables to be important considerations for facilitating early mobility. Communicating mobility expectations and addressing physical and psychological readiness are essential. Our findings can be used to develop meaningful patient centred interventions to address these barriers.
Clinico-Pathological Findings and Spatial Distributions of Esophageal Cancer in Arsi Zone, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Deybasso Haji Aman , Roba Kedir Teji , Nega Berhanu , Belachew Tefera 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Arsi Zone is one of the esophageal cancer endemic areas and reported to have high incidence of esophageal cancer in Ethiopia. This study assessed clinico-pathological patterns and spatial distributions of esophageal cancer in Arsi Zone, Oromia, Central Ethiopia.Methods: A cross sectional study design was carried out by abstracting data from 403 patients` records that were treated from January 2015 to January 2019. Data were collected by using structured data collection form and Geographical Positioning System software. The collected data were summarized in the form of tables, figures, means and standard deviations. Statistical data analysis was done using SPSS software version 21.0 while geospatial analysis was conducted using the Arc-GIS 10.1 software.Results: The disease was prominent among individuals aged 50 to 59 years. The mean age of females and males was 52.2(SD+10.41) and 56.94(SD +12.27) years respectively. The vast majority (98.3%) of the cases had squamous cell carcinoma. Dysphagia with weight loss accounted for 87.6 percent of the presenting symptoms. The tumor was located at the lower thorax of 42.9% of the patients. Majority (62%) of the patients were from the eastern and north-eastern parts of the Arsi zone. Overwhelming majorities of the patients were from the Robe, Jaju, Disksis and Sude districts.Conclusion: Dysphagia with weight loss was the major symptom during first visit. Squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant histopathological type. Eastern and the northeastern parts of the Zone are the most affected regions. Future studies should focus on the determinants of EC and precise areas with high incidence by using prospective studies through the population and/or facility-based cancer registry systems
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Residents’ Clinical Training and Psychosocial Well-Being in Saudi Arabia’s Western Region
Authors: Alshareef Reem , Zahrani Abdullah Al , Alzhrani Meshari , Suwaidi Abdulaziz , Alamry Bander 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The novel COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a significant burden on healthcare systems. Similarly, it has also affected the performance and well-being of the medical staff working during the pandemic. However, to what extent COVID-19 is affecting medical staff is still unclear, especially among physicians.Objective: This study aims to evaluate the negative effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the medical training and psychological well-being of resident doctors practicing in the western region in Saudi Arabia.Patients and Methods: This is a quantitative cross-sectional study that included a survey distributed to residents physicians working in the western region in Saudi Arabia. The survey included questions on demographic data and factors influencing the academic training, attitude, and daily habits of the residents during the pandemic. Psychological impact was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Data analysis was executed using IBM SPSS version 26. Results: A total of 121 residents responded to this survey. Of all respondents, 71.1% were junior residents, 66.9% had a medical specialty; and 33% were family medicine doctors, followed by 17% from general surgery. In regards to work amid the pandemic, 36.1% were in contact with confirmed COVID-19 patients, and 35.5% had to work overtime during the pandemic. Of the respondents, 44% described their training as extremely affected, and 32% strongly agreed and 53% agreed that their psychological well-being was negatively affected. Further, 39.6% were smoking more than they used to. Female and junior residents’ training was significantly more negatively affected than their peers’ (p=0.039 and 0.011, respectively). There was a non-significant difference detected between the residents regarding the factors negatively affecting their psychological well-being. Conclusion: Residents working during the pandemic in the western area of Saudi Arabia were significantly affected by the pandemic from both professional and psychological perspectives. Further research on how the pandemic is affecting doctors in other areas in Saudi Arabia is needed.
High-intensity Exercise and Cognitive Function in Cognitively Normal Older Adults: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Brown Belinda , Frost Natalie , Rainey-Smith Stephanie R. , Doecke James , Markovic Shaun , Gordon Nicole , Weinborn Michael , Sohrabi Hamid R. , Laws Simon M. , Martins Ralph N , Erickson Kirk I , Peiffer Jeremiah J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity has been consistently linked to increased risk of cognitive decline; however, studies examining the impact of exercise interventions on cognition have produced inconsistent findings. Some observational studies suggest exercise intensity may be important for inducing cognitive improvements; however, this has yet to be thoroughly examined in older adult cohorts. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of systematically manipulated high-intensity and moderate-intensity exercise interventions on cognition. In addition, we investigated individual variability in exercise response by examining effects of relevant genetic factors and changes in cardiorespiratory fitness on cognitive change.METHODS: This multi-arm randomised clinical trial investigated the effects of 6-months of high-intensity exercise and moderate-intensity exercise, compared with an inactive control, on cognition. Outcome measures were assessed at pre- (baseline), post- (6 months), and 12-months post-intervention. Ninety-nine cognitively normal men and women (aged 60 – 80 years) were enrolled from October 2016 to November 2017. Participants that were allocated to an exercise group (i.e., high-intensity or moderate-intensity) engaged in cycle-based exercise two times per week for 6 months. Cognition was assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Cardiorespiratory fitness was evaluated by a graded exercise test. Apolipoprotein e4 genotype and brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met carriage were identified.RESULTS: There was a dose-dependent effect of exercise intensity on cardiorespiratory fitness; whereby the high-intensity group experienced greater increases in fitness than the moderate-intensity and control groups. However, there was no direct effect of exercise on cognition. We observed an association between changes in global cognition and executive function and changes in cardiorespiratory fitness from pre- to post-intervention: this relationship was strongest in brain-derived neurotrophic factor non-Met carriers.CONCLUSIONS We did not observe a direct effect of exercise on cognition. Nevertheless, our data suggests genetics may moderate the relationship between fitness and cognitive change following exercise, and this should be examined further in larger trials.TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617000643370). Registered 3rd May 2017 - retrospectively registered. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372780