bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calix[4]arene‐Based Triple‐Stranded Metallohelicate in Water
Authors: Morie Masayuki , Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe title complex is a triple‐stranded metallohelicate organized by the self‐assembly of 5,17‐difunctionalized calix[4]arenes and metal cations with octahedral coordination geometry. Due to hydrophilic triethylene glycol chains on the lower rim of the calix[4]arene, the metallohelicate can encapsulate cationic guests in water. NMR and UV‐vis titration experiments reveal that the metallohelicate captures a pyridinium guest with an alanine derivative to form a host‐guest complex with a host‐guest ratio of 1 : 1. CD spectroscopy confirms the bias of the P‐ and M‐helical sense of the metallohelicate by the captured guest. The metallohelicate captures two molecules of dicationic N,N’‐dimethyl‐DABCO and monocationic N‐methyl quinuclidine, exhibiting a positive allosteric effect. 1H NMR titration experiments indicate that the bound guests are in close proximately to the aromatic rings of the ligands. Molecular mechanics calculations based on the UV‐vis and NMR observations suggest that the first guest preorganizes the conformation of the metallohelicate to facilitate access of the second guest to the cavity.
Transient Self‐assembly Processes Operated by Gaseous Fuels under Out‐of‐Equilibrium Conditions
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Rahul Dev , Choi Seoyeon , Sen Shovan Kumar , Hwang In‐Chul , Kim Kimoon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHerein we report transient out‐of‐equilibrium self‐assembly of molecules operated by gaseous fuel mixtures. The combination of an active gaseous chemical fuel and an inert gas or compressed air, which assists the degassing of the gaseous fuel from the solution, drives the transient self‐assembly process. The gaseous nature of the fuel as well as the exhaust helps in their easy removal and thereby prevents their accumulation within the system and helps in maintaining the efficiency of the transient self‐assembly process. The strategy is executed with a rather simple experimental set up and operates at ambient temperatures. Our approach may find use in the development of smart materials suitable for applications such as temporally active gas sensing and sequestration.
Aggregation‐directed High Fidelity Sensing of Picric Acid by a Perylenediimide‐based Luminogen
Authors: Pramanik Bapan , Das Saurav , Das Debapratim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWidespread use of picric acid (PA) in chemical industries and deadly explosives poses dreadful impact on all living creatures as well as the natural environment and has raised global concerns that necessitate the development of fast and efficient sensing platforms. To address this issue, herein, we report a perylenediimide‐peptide conjugate, PDI‐1, for detection of PA in methanol. The probe displays typical aggregation caused quenching (ACQ) behaviour and exhibits a fluorescence “turn‐off” sensory response towards PA which is unaffected by the presence of other interfering nitroaromatic compounds. The sensing mechanism involves PA induced aggregation of the probe into higher order tape like structures which leads to quenching of emission. The probe possesses a low detection limit of 5.6 nM or 1.28 ppb and a significantly high Stern‐Volmer constant of 6.87×104 M−1. It also exhibits conducting properties in the presence of PA vapours and thus represents a prospective candidate for vapour phase detection of PA. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first example of a perylenediimide based probe that demonstrates extremely specific, selective and sensitive detection of PA and thus grasps the potential for application in practical scenarios.
Using real‐world examples of the COVID‐19 pandemic to increase student confidence in their scientific literacy skills
Authors: Anderson Ashlyn E. , Justement Louis B. , Bruns Heather A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOver the last few decades, there has been a shift in the classroom from lecture‐based to active learning settings with the argument that students retain more information when they are involved in the learning process. This correlation is even stronger when the active learning setting incorporates a real‐world or personal connection. Using active learning activities that develop students' ability to comprehend primary scientific literature is particularly important in the field of immunology, due to the rapid expansion of information in the field, which has been further accelerated due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. By nature, immunology is interdisciplinary, requiring an integrated knowledge of concepts from several scientific disciplines to understand complex immune processes. Engaging undergraduate students through the use of primary literature can improve scientific literacy, develop critical thinking, and enhance understanding of complex topics. To explore this, we utilized a group learning activity in an introductory immunology course that incorporated both a coronavirus‐related review and COVID‐19 clinical research article. We found that this learning activity significantly enhanced student confidence in key scientific literacy skills: reading scientific literature, clearly explaining relevant points, and describing conclusions generated from the data. Moreover, all students reported that they enjoyed the activity and that it helped them understand more about the current COVID‐19 pandemic in the context of the immune response.
Psychiatric disorders in offspring of childhood or adolescent central nervous system tumor survivors: a national cohort study
Authors: Huang Wuqing , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Ji Jianguang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren experience a higher risk of psychiatric problems when their parents are diagnosed with cancer. However, the psychological effect among offspring who are born after parental cancer diagnosed in childhood or adolescence is unknown. We aimed to investigate the risk of psychiatric disorders in children of survivors with childhood or adolescent central nervous system (CNS) tumors.MethodsBy combining several nationwide Swedish registers, we identified all children who had at least one parent previously diagnosed with CNS tumor below the age of 20. Five children without parental CNS tumor were randomly selected for the matching. Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsThe incidence rate of psychiatric disorders was 8.46 per 1000 person‐years in children of CNS tumor survivors, whereas the rate was 7.47 in the matched comparisons, yielding an adjusted HR of 1.10 (95% CI = 0.94, 1.28). Boys of survivors had a higher risk of psychiatric disorders (adjusted HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.59). The risk of the specific types of psychiatric disorders in children of tumor survivors was comparable with that in the matched comparisons, except for mental retardation. Children of survivors experienced 2.36 times higher risk of mental retardation (95% CI = 1.21, 4.58), mainly of mild mental retardation (adjusted HR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.40, 6.38).ConclusionChildren of survivors with CNS tumor in early life did not experience a significantly increased risk of overall psychiatric disorders, with the exception of an elevated risk of mental retardation that was mainly mild.
Rubellawus A–D, Four New Diterpenoids Isolated from Callicarpa rubella and Their Anti‐NLRP3 Inflammasome Effects
Authors: Wu Xue‐Wen , Wang Qi , Li Qing , Cui Yi‐Man , Pu Yu‐Kun , Shi Qiang‐Qiang , Bi De‐Wen , Zhang Jing‐Jing , Zhang Rui‐Han , Li Xiao‐Li , Zhang Xing‐Jie , Xiao Wei‐Lie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFour new diterpenoids, rubellawus A–D (1–4), along with three known compounds, were isolated and identified from the flowers of Callicarpa rubella. Their structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic analysis. All the compounds were screened for their anti‐inflammatory activity and 14α‐hydroxyisopimaric acid and isopimaric acid showed significant NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 7.02 and 3.99 μM.
Icariin alleviatesMSU‐induced ratGAmodels throughNF‐κB/NALP3pathway
Authors: Cao Yun 
Published: November 2020

Icariin (ICA) has anti‐inflammatory effects in some diseases, but its role in gouty arthritis (GA) is not clear. This study investigated the effects of ICA in monosodium urate (MSU)‐induced GA rat models. GA rat models were induced by MSU, and co‐treated with ICA of low‐dose (20 mg/kg), medium‐dose (40 mg/kg), and high‐dose (80 mg/kg), respectively. The ankle swelling rates, haematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining changes, inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in synovial tissues were detected. The antioxidants levels in rat serum, and NF‐κB pathway‐related proteins and NALP3 inflammasome expressions in synovial tissues were also analysed. In cell experiments, chondrocytes were co‐treated with different concentrations of ICA (1, 5, 10 μmol/L) on the basis of MSU. The activities and inflammatory cytokines, hydroxyproline (Hyp) and glycosaminogly (GAG) expressions in chondrocytes were measured. In rat experiments, MUS increased the ankle swelling rates, promoted inflammatory cells infiltration, and increased IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, PGE2levels in synovial tissues, which were all alleviated by ICA. Moreover, ICA also suppressed nuclear translocation of NF‐κB pathway‐related proteins and reduced the expression of NALP3 inflammasome in rat models. As for cell experiments, ICA decreased the activity, inflammatory cytokines and GAG levels, and suppressed nuclear translocation of NF‐κB pathway‐related proteins of MSU‐treated chondrocytes. In general, medium and high concentrations of ICA showed good effects. ICA has an inhibitory effect in MSU‐induced rat GA models through NF‐κB/NALP3 pathway, which may provide a direction for the treatment of GA.SignificanceIcariin (ICA) has anti‐inflammatory effects in some diseases, but its role in gouty arthritis (GA) is not clear. This study excogitated that monosodium urate (MSU) increased the ankle swelling rates of rats, promoted inflammatory cells infiltration, and increased cytokines levels in synovial tissues, which were all alleviated by ICA. In related mechanism, we found that ICA might exert the catabatic functions through the NF‐κB/NALP3 pathway. The findings of this study clarified that ICA may provide a direction for the treatment of patients with GA and illustrated the relevant underlying mechanism of its role.
Biomarker discovery in highly invasive lung cancer cell through proteomics approaches
Authors: Kuo Chin‐Ho , Lin Meng‐Wei , Hsu Yu‐Wei , Chou Hsiu‐Chuan , Lin Li‐Hsun , Law Ching‐Hsuan , Lin Yi‐Chieh , Hu Ren‐Yu , Kuo Wen‐Hung , Ko Mei‐Lan , Chang Shing‐Jyh , Lee Ying‐Ray , Chan Hong‐Lin 
Published: November 2020

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer‐related death worldwide. The most common type of lung cancer is non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). When NSCLC is detected, patients are typically already in a metastatic stage. Metastasized cancer is a major obstacle of effective treatment and understanding the mechanisms underlying metastasis is critical to treat cancer. Herein, we selected an invasive subpopulation from the human lung cancer cell line A549 using the transwell system and named it as A549‐I5. Invasive and migratory activities of this cell line were analysed using wound healing, invasion, and migration assays. In addition, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, such as Snail 1, Twist, Vimentin, N‐cadherin and E‐cadherin, were assessed through immunoblotting. In comparison to A549 cells, the invasive A549‐I5 lung cancer cells had enhanced invasiveness, motility and EMT marker expression. Proteomic analysis identified 83 significantly differentially expressed proteins in A549‐I5 cells. These identified proteins were classified according to their cellular functions and most were involved in cytoskeleton, redox regulation, protein degradation and protein folding. In summary, our results provide potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic candidates for the treatment of NSCLC metastasis.Significance of the studyWhen NSCLC is detected, most patients are already in a metastatic stage. Herein, we selected an invasive subpopulation from a human lung cancer cell line which had increased EMT markers as well as high wound healing, invasion and migration abilities. Proteomic analysis identified numerous proteins associated with functions in cytoskeleton, redox regulation, protein degradation and protein folding that were differentially expressed in these cells. These results may provide potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic candidates for the treatment of NSCLC metastasis.
Maize significance in Indian food situation to mitigate malnutrition
Authors: Choudhary Monika , Grover Kiran , Singh Mandeep 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesIndia the second most populous country across the world provides shelter to 270 million hungry people and 24% malnourished children below 5 years of age. So, India needs to grow enough staple food to alleviate malnutrition and hunger. At times, staple foods are not sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements of the vulnerable group. So, dietary modification and cultivation of more nutritious food crops in sufficient amount are the only option in some nutritional deficiencies.FindingsMaize being the fastest growing cash crop is the widely cultivated coarse cereal across the world and also contains the highest genetic potential among all food grains. The biofortified maize widely known as quality protein maize (QPM) has now become the miracle crop for developing countries as it has better nutritional quality. QPM offers a higher biological value (80%) which makes it equivalent to 90% of the milk protein.ConclusionsQPM may provide a suitable remedy to curb protein‐energy malnutrition among children.Significance and noveltyThis paper has been attempted to summarize maize potential in terms of its production, biofortification, nutritional properties, and value‐added product development with respect to Indian food situation.
TiO2@UiO‐66 Composites with Efficient Adsorption and Photocatalytic Oxidation of VOCs: Investigation of Synergistic Effects and Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Jinhui , Guo Ziyang , Yang Zhenxiang , Wang Jun , Xie Jun , Fu Mingli , Hu Yun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTiO2@UiO‐66 composite with intimate contact interfaces is fabricated by in situ solvothermal methods. Compared with other UiO‐based composites, TiO2@UiO‐66 exhibits superior photocatalytic activity for oxidation of toluene into CO2 during long‐time reaction under flowing conditions. This is because (1) the intimate contact interface and well‐matched band structure between TiO2 and UiO‐66 can effectively separate and transfer photogenerated electrons; (2) the synergistic effect between UiO‐66 and TiO2 promotes the adsorption of toluene and desorption of CO2 and provides sufficient active sites for photocatalytic reaction. The toluene conversion and CO2 production on 4TiO2@U are 3.27 and 4.10 times higher than that on UiO‐66, respectively. 4TiO2@U also shows the highest activity for formaldehyde and rhodamine B degradations. The in situ FTIR results exhibit that toluene can be oxidized by .O2− and h+ to benzaldehyde and benzoic acid, then further oxidized to oxalic acid, and finally mineralized into CO2 and H2O.
Modulation of the Effective Metal‐Support Interactions for the Selectivity of Ceria Supported Noble Metal Nanoclusters in Atmospheric CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Guo Yu , Liu Zongyuan , Zhang Feng , Wang De‐Jiu , Yuan Kun , Huang Ling , Liu Hai‐Chao , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Rodriguez Jose A , Yan Chun‐Hua , Zhang Ya‐Wen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEver‐increasing attention is paid to the sustainable utilization of CO2 in the atmosphere out of environmental and economic considerations. The deep‐going clarification of the effective and ineffective metal‐support interactions (MSI) in the supported catalysts for the catalytic performance of CO2 hydrogenation is particularly needed to design highly active nanocatalysts. How to tune the MSI to be effective for the selectivity of goal hydrogenation products is a significant but rather challenging subject. In this work, we demonstrate that the selectivity in CO2 hydrogenation can be regulated from preferential CH4 production to preferential CO production by varying the nature of the electronic MSI for ceria supported noble metal nanoclusters, and the effective MSI play a pivotal role for the catalytic systems with opposite hydrogenation selectivity. The modulation of the effective MSI for the selectivity in CO2 hydrogenation sheds new light on the comprehensive understanding of the MSI and interfacial effects in terms of tailoring and controlling the performance of supported heterogeneous catalysts.
Alkynylation‐Desilylation‐Alkynylation‐Cycloisomerization (ADAC) Three‐Component Synthesis of 2,2′‐Biindolyls – Concise Synthesis of Tjipanazole I
Authors: Kustosz Sebastian , Niesobski Patrik , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA sequentially Pd/Cu‐catalyzed alkynylation‐desilylation‐alkynylation‐cycloisomerization (ADAC) process in the sense of a consecutive three‐component reaction using TIPS‐butadiyne as a four carbon building block gives a rapid and efficient access to 2,2′‐biindolyls in a one‐pot fashion. This facile entry to unsymmetrically substituted title compounds has been employed in a concise two‐step synthesis of the alga alkaloid tjipanazole I.
Development of Real‐Time Models for Chemical Absorption/Desorption Loops
Authors: Fedorov Alexander , Frei Herrmann , Bothe Mike , Lutters Nicole , Kenig Eugeny Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIm Fokus der vorliegenden Arbeit steht die Entwicklung von schnell lösbaren dynamischen mathematischen Modellen (Echtzeitmodellen). Die Echtzeitmodelle stellen einen Teil von modellbasierten Werkzeugen dar, die zur Vermeidung und Beseitigung von Vor‐ und Notfallsituationen in der Industrie eingesetzt werden können. In dieser Arbeit wird die Echtzeitmodell‐Entwicklung anhand von chemischer Absorption illustriert, wobei die Grundlage die rigorosen dynamischen Rate‐based‐Modelle bilden. Die Entwicklung wird methodisch ausführlich erläutert und das Resultat in Form von mathematischen Gleichungssystemen präsentiert. Die Ergebnisse werden für die chemische Absorption von CO2 in wässrigen Monoethanolamin‐Lösungen gezeigt.
Association between recent oncologic treatment and mortality among patients with carcinoma who are hospitalized with COVID‐19: A multicenter study
Authors: Song Kehan , Gong Hongyun , Xu Bin , Dong Xiaorong , Li Linjun , Hu Weidong , Wang Qun , Xie Zhibin , Rao Zhiguo , Luo Zhiguo , Chu Qian , Li Feng , Wang Jie 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundTo the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the association between recent oncologic treatment and mortality in patients with cancer who are infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The objective of the current study was to determine whether recent oncologic treatment is associated with a higher risk of death among patients with carcinoma who are hospitalized with COVID‐19.MethodsData regarding 248 consecutive patients with carcinoma who were hospitalized with COVID‐19 were collected retrospectively from 33 hospitals in Hubei Province, China, from January 1, 2020, to March 25, 2020. The follow‐up cutoff date was July 22, 2020. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with a higher risk of death.ResultsOf the 248 patients enrolled, the median age was 63 years and 128 patients (52%) were male. On admission, 147 patients (59%) did not undergo recent oncologic treatment, whereas 32 patients (13%), 25 patients (10%), 12 patients (5%), and 10 patients (4%), respectively, underwent chemotherapy, surgery, targeted therapy, and radiotherapy. At the time of last follow‐up, 51 patients (21%) were critically ill during hospitalization, 40 of whom had died. Compared with patients without receipt of recent oncologic treatment, the mortality rate of patients who recently received oncologic treatment was significantly higher (24.8% vs 10.2%; hazard ratio, 2.010 [95% CI, 1.079‐3.747; P = .027]). After controlling for confounders, recent receipt of chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR], 7.495; 95% CI, 1.398‐34.187 [P = .015]), surgery (OR, 8.239; 95% CI, 1.637‐41.955 [P = .012]), and radiotherapy (OR, 15.213; 95% CI, 2.091‐110.691 [P = .007]) were identified as independently associated with a higher risk of death.ConclusionsThe results of the current study demonstrated a possible association between recent receipt of oncologic treatment and a higher risk of death among patients with carcinoma who are hospitalized with COVID‐19.
Genetic Risk Factors in Drug‐Induced Liver Injury Due to Isoniazid‐Containing Antituberculosis Drug Regimens
Authors: Nicoletti Paola , Devarbhavi Harshad , Goel Ashish , Venkatesan Radha , Eapen Chundamannil E. , Grove Jane I. , Zafer Samreen , Bjornsson Einar , Lucena M. Isabel , Andrade Raul J. , Pirmohamed Munir , Wadelius Mia , Larrey Dominique , Maitland‐van der Zee Anke‐Hilse , Ibanez Luisa , Watkins Paul B , Daly Ann K. , Aithal Guruprasad P. 
Published: November 2020

Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a complication of treatment with antituberculosis (TB) drugs, especially in isoniazid (INH)‐containing regimens. To investigate genetic risk factors, we performed a genomewide association study (GWAS) involving anti‐TB DILI cases (55 Indian and 70 European) and controls (1,199 Indian and 10,397 European). Most cases were treated with a standard anti‐TB drug regimen; all received INH. We imputed single nucleotide polymorphism and HLA genotypes and performed trans‐ethnic meta‐analysis on GWAS and candidate gene genotypes. GWAS found one significant association (rs117491755) in Europeans only. For HLA, HLA‐B*52:01 was significant (meta‐analysis odds ratio (OR) 2.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.63–4.37, P = 9.4 × 10−5). For N‐acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), NAT2*5 frequency was lower in cases (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.57–0.83, P = 0.01). NAT2*6 and NAT2*7 were more common, with homozygotes for NAT2*6 and/or NAT2*7 enriched among cases (OR 1.89, 95% CI 0.84–4.22, P = 0.004). We conclude HLA genotype makes a small contribution to TB drug‐related DILI and that the NAT2 contribution is complex, but consistent with previous reports when differences in the metabolic effect of NAT2*5 compared with those of NAT2*6 and NAT2*7 are considered.