bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cost Comparison of Infliximab Versus Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Refractory Kawasaki Disease Treatment
Authors: Johnson Scarlett Carmen , Williams Daniel Clay , Brinton Daniel , Chew Marshall , Simpson Annie , Andrews Annie Lintzenich 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
In 10% to 20% of cases, Kawasaki disease is refractory to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), an expensive medication under a national shortage. Data suggest that infliximab is a viable alternative to a second dose of IVIg, with similar efficacy and safety. We compared the cost of a second IVIg dose to that of infliximab in the treatment of refractory Kawasaki disease (rKD).

METHODS:
A decision analysis model was used to compare rKD treatments: a second dose of IVIg at 2 g/kg versus infliximab at 10 mg/kg. Infliximab monitoring times were 24, 36, and 48 hours. Direct hospital costs beginning at rKD diagnosis were estimated by using 2016–2017 Truven MarketScan data. Redbook was used for drug costs. Calculations were applied to 3 hypothetical cohorts of 100 patients aged 2 (12.5 kg), 4 (16 kg), and 8 years (25.5 kg). Indirect costs included parental missed workdays.

RESULTS:
The total direct cost for children receiving IVIg was $1 677 801, $1 791 652, and $2 100 675 for the 2-, 4-, and 8-year-old cohorts. The direct cost of infliximab with 24 hours of monitoring was $853 042, $899 096, and $1 024 101, respectively. A 20% bidirectional sensitivity analysis revealed stability of our model, with overall cost savings with use of infliximab. With monitoring 48 hours after infliximab treatment, 20% changes in length of stay (LOS) tipped the balance for the 2- and 4-year-old cohorts. Overall, IVIg and infliximab LOS had the most influence on our model.

CONCLUSIONS:
Infliximab has potential to yield shorter LOS and significant cost savings in the treatment of rKD. Infliximab treatment, followed by 24 hours of monitoring, nearly halved hospital costs, regardless of age.
A Survivor-Derived Approach to Addressing Trafficking in the Pediatric ED
Authors: Wallace Carmelle , Schein Yvette , Carabelli Gina , Patel Heta , Mehta Needhi , Dowshen Nadia , Kassam-Adams Nancy , Ginsburg Kenneth , Mollen Cynthia 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Our objective was to elicit the perspectives of survivors of child trafficking on addressing trafficking in the pediatric emergency department (ED) and, secondarily, to provide a survivor-derived framework to help pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) providers discuss trafficking with their patients.

METHODS:
We conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with young adults who experienced trafficking as children and/or as adolescents. In the interviews, we employed a novel video-elicitation method designed by the research team to elicit detailed participant feedback and recommendations on the pediatric ED through an interactive, immersive discussion with the interviewer. A grounded theory approach was employed.

RESULTS:
Seventeen interviews were conducted revealing the following themes, which we present in an integrated framework for PEM providers: (1) fear is a significant barrier; (2) participants do want PEM providers to ask about trafficking, and it is not harmful to do so; (3) PEM providers should address fear through emphasizing confidentiality and privacy and encouraging agency; (4) PEM providers should approach the patient in a direct, sensitive, and nonjudgmental manner; and (5) changes to the ED environment may facilitate the conversation. Suggested wordings and tips from survivors were compiled.

CONCLUSIONS:
Trafficking survivors feel that the pediatric ED can be a place where they can be asked about trafficking, and that when done in private, it is not harmful or retraumatizing. Fear is a major barrier to disclosure in the pediatric ED setting, and PEM providers can mitigate this by emphasizing privacy and confidentiality and increasing agency by providing choices. PEM providers should be direct, sensitive, and nonjudgmental in their approach to discussing trafficking.
PENGARUH METODE PEMASAKAN TERHADAP NILAI SENSORI DAN PROFIL ASAM AMINO CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis) MASAK
Authors: Sumandiarsa Ketut , Siregar Resmi R , Dewi Kadek Ayu Sastra 
Published: January 2021

Asam amino merupakan suatu zat penyusun protein yang saling berikatan membentuk ikatan peptida. Jumlah asam amino setelah pemasakan akan mempengaruhi sifat dan kandungan kimia produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode pemasakan terhadap nilai sensori dan profil asam amino pada cakalang masak. Cara pemasakan dibedakan atas Kukus, Presto dan Steam precooked yang menggunakan suhu dan waktu yang sama yaitu 100° C selama 45 menit. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) satu faktor terhadap perlakuan cara pemasakan dan selanjutnya menggunakan analisis keragaman (ANOVA) uji lanjut dengan uji Duncan serta uji Kruskal Wallis terhadap kesukaan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan panelis lebih menyukai cakalang presto dengan nilai rata-rata kenampakan 7.1 ± 0.94; bau 7.4 ± 0.71; dan tekstur 7.2 ± 0.96. Hasil uji sensori menunjukkan yang terbaik adalah cakalang presto dengan nilai rata-rata kenampakan 7.4±1.1; bau 8.7±0.05 dan tekstur 8.1±0.17. Asam amino cakalang segar menunjukkan asam glutamate merupakan yang terbesar yaitu 3.16% dan terkecil adalah Serin sebesar 0.51% dengan total asam amino adalah 20.30%. Berdasarkan cara memasak, asam amino tertinggi terdapat pada Kukus yang diikuti oleh Presto dan Steam cooked dengan masing-masing 24.85%; 24.10%; dan 21.01%. Cara pemasakan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kuantitas asam amino namun karakteristik bau dan tekstur secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh cara masak yang berbeda (Sig (0.000) < (α = 0.05)).
KINERJA DAN ANALISIS FINANSIAL BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) DI PT. NOERWY AQUA FARM KAB. SUKABUMI PROV. JAWA BARAT
Authors: Kayandi Eka Desri , Thaib Effi Athfiyani , Djunaidah Iin Siti , Rachmad Basuki 
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kinerja budidaya udang vaname dan menghitung analisis finansial usaha budidaya udang vaname. Penelitian dilakukan mulai dari tanggal 02 Maret 2020 sampai 15 Mei 2020 di PT. Noerwy Aqua Farm yang berada di Desa Cipeundeuy, Kecamatan Surade, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah metode observasi dengan pola magang. Tujuh petak tambak dipergunakan dan pemeliharaan secara intensif dengan padat tebar 184 ekor/m2. Kinerja budidaya yang diperoleh selama penelitian yaitu Average Daily Growth 0,17 gram/hari sampai 0,72 gram/hari, Survival Rate 72-83%, efektivitas penggunaan pakan dihitung dengan nilai Feed Conversion Ratio 1,1-1,5 dan produktivitas antara 32,09-38,19 ton/ha. Hasil produksi selama penelitian menghasilkan keuntungan sebesar Rp.7.892.873.428 pertahun dengan Revenue Cost Ratio 1,86, Break Even Point sebesar Rp.3.976.500.424 dan Payback Period selama 2,41 tahun. Kinerja budidaya yang dihasilkan dapat dikatakan baik dan berdasarkan analisis finansial usaha budidaya layak untuk dilakukan.
Las flores de Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Cactaceae): morfología y artrópodos visitadores en un gradiente geográfico
Authors: Islas-Barrios Yanin , Serrato-Díaz Alejandra , Zavala-Hurtado J. Alejandro , Octavio-Aguilar Pablo , Callejas-Chavero Alicia , Cornejo-Romero Amelia 
Published: January 2021

Antecedentes: Las flores son elementos reproductivos costosos que presentan balances costo/beneficio en sus estructuras. La diversidad de éstas se ha atribuido a factores bióticos como las interacciones con sus visitadores florales y abióticos como las características del ambiente.
Preguntas: ¿La morfología floral de M. geometrizans está relacionada con los tipos de vegetación? ¿La comunidad de artrópodos visitadores florales se relaciona con la morfología floral y/o el tipo de vegetación? ¿La morfología floral y la comunidad de artrópodos tendrán relación con la perturbación del ambiente?
Especie de estudio: Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Mart. ex Pfeiff.) Console
Sitio de estudio y fecha: Selva Baja Caducifolia y Matorral Xerófilo en las Reservas de la Biosfera Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, Puebla Barranca de Metztitlán, Hidalgo. México. Marzo 2017.
Métodos: En los cuatro sitios (dos días por sitio), durante el pico de floración de M. geometrizans, se calculó el índice de disturbio, se recolectaron 30 flores (N = 120) y los artrópodos visitadores florales. Se determinaron la morfología floral y los artrópodos.
Resultados: Los sitios de la Barranca de Metztitlán presentaron el mayor índice de disturbio, las flores más chicas y mayor número de estructuras florales. Los visitadores florales fueron más abundantes en los matorrales xerófilos, particularmente en el sitio más perturbado donde el grupo funcional más relevante fue el de los polinizadores.
Conclusiones: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la morfología floral de M. geometrizans relacionadas a los tipos de vegetación y ubicación geográfica. Se reportó una compensación entre tamaño y producción de estructuras florales.
Growth, reproduction and weediness: testing four related species on a gradient of synanthropy
Authors: Hanan-Alipi Ana María , Vibrans Heike , Vega-Frutis Rocío , Juárez-Rosete Cecilia Rocío , Valdivia-Bernal Roberto , Velázquez-Fernández Jesús 
Published: January 2021

Background . The ability of weeds to thrive in the stressful environments created by human disturbance has been explained mainly by a set of life history traits, such as short life cycles, generalist habits, as well as early and sustained reproduction. However, the evidence that these traits are better represented in weeds than in related species of other environments is mixed. To explore the relationship between weeds and the life history traits, we used the fact that plants are weedy to different degrees because of the heterogeneous nature of environments produced by disturbance. In a group of four congeners, we studied some growth and reproduction parameters in relation to the degree of synanthropy of the species, determined previously.
Methods. In a common garden experiment, we compared relative growth rate, time to flowering, and biomass distribution between four species of the genus Melampodium (Asteraceae) that are weedy to different degrees.
Results. The most synanthropic species, M. divaricatum , stood out for its steady growth rate, but not for assigning more resources to reproduction, nor for early flowering. In general, we found no association between growth and reproductive parameters studied in the four Melampodium species and the degree to which they are weeds.
Conclusions. Results suggest that traits such as fast growth and early reproduction may not be essential for life as a weed. Rather, weedy species exhibit a complex pattern of growth traits that could be affected by conditions independent of anthropogenic disturbance.
Development of SSR markers and their application to genetic diversity analysis of Curcuma alismatifolia varieties
Authors: Mao Lihui , Liu Jianxin , Ding Huaqiao , Zou Qingcheng , Tian Danqing 
Published: January 2021

Background: Curcuma alismatifolia is an ornamental cultivar with several varieties introduced into China from Thailand within the past fifteen years. Curcuma alismatifolia is widely used as cut flowers and potted flowers and is also used in flower beds.
Questions and/or Hypotheses: However, limited genetic and genomic information is available for this species, which has impeded studies on the enhancement of its ornamental value and stress resistance.
Studied species Curcuma alismatifolia
Study site and dates: Zhejiang, 2018
Methods: single-cell sequencing technology of PCR and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Results: (A/T)n accounted for 43.6 % of the SSRs, the maximum proportion, and mononucleotide and trinucleotide repeats were the two most abundant repeat types. A total of 3,637 primer pairs flanking SSR sequences were successfully designed, and 70 sets of primers were randomly selected for validation in 10 varieties. Forty-one (59 %) of the 70 primer pairs successfully amplified alleles, of which 35 were identified as polymorphic markers and used to assess the level of genetic diversity and genetic relationships among the 10 varieties. The genetic diversity analysis showed that the number of alleles (Na) at each locus ranged from 2 to 8, with an average of 3.97, and that PIC had a mean of 0.524 and ranged from 0.095 to 0.795.
Conclusions: The genetic distance between 10 varieties varied from 0.30 to 0.96, and the dendrogram clustered all varieties into three groups.
Does access to natural environments explain differences in the use of wild plants between rural and urban populations?
Authors: Cordero Sebastián , Gálvez Francisca , Arenas Jonás , Rodríguez Valenzuela Evelyn 
Published: January 2021

Background: The use of wild plants depends on a number of sociocultural and ecological factors, such as the ease of access to natural environments. This limitation for urban inhabitants leads to differences in the knowledge and use of wild plants compared to rural inhabitants.
Hypothesis: Rural and urban populations tend to share a similar knowledge of plants and use similar plants species when easy access to natural landscapes is available.
Study site and years of study: Rural and urban area of Curarrehue, Araucanía region (southern Chile), 2017.
Methods: The use patterns of wild edible plants (WEPs) and wild medicinal plants (WMPs) were compared between the rural and urban population of Curarrehue. We evaluated the number of WEPs and WMPs collected, their richness and diversity, the most important gathering environments and the way in which knowledge was acquired.
Results: No differences were observed in the use of wild plants between the populations, except for the richness of WMPs. The WEPs were gathered mainly from the forest by both populations, and in the case of the WMPs, from forest and disturbed areas. The knowledge was acquired mainly through relatives, collecting plants from forest areas.
Conclusions: Access to natural environments is key to preserving traditional practices and contributes to reducing gaps in the knowledge and use of wild plants between local rural and urban populations.
Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from leaves and flowers of chilcuague ( Heliopsis longipes , Asteraceae)
Authors: Parola-Contreras Ixchel , Guevara-González Ramón G. , Feregrino-Pérez Ana A. , Reynoso-Camacho Rosalía , Pérez-Ramírez Iza F. , Ocampo-Velázquez Rosalía V. , Rojas- Molina Alejandra , Luna-Vazquez Francisco , Tovar-Pérez Erik G. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Heliopsis longipes root is the widely used organ from the plant due to its culinary and medicinal importance. Nevertheless, during its collection the foliage is discarded. Therefore, it is required to perform studies about the phytochemical content with biological activity present in the different plant organs of the foliage, for a better exploitation of the plant.
Hypothesis: The concentration of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity varies according to the type of plant organ and the geographic location of the plant collection.
Study species: Heliopsis longipes
Site and years of study: The H. longipes plants were collected in three locations (Conca, San Juan Buenaventura and Beltran) from Sierra Gorda of Mexico, between 2017 and 2018.
Methods: In this study, they were analyzed the methanolic extracts from H. longipes leaves and flowers, in order to determine the content of the phenolic compounds and scavenging of radicals activity (DPPH• and ABTS•+). Further characterization of the extracts was carried out by chromatography (UPLC).
Results: The total content of polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins varied in depending on the type of plant organ and the origin site of H. longipes , being the leaves of Beltran those that represent the best source of phenolic compounds with scavenging activity of the radicals DPPH• and ABTS•+. In the extracts, phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified.
Conclusions: The geographical climatic conditions influence the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts from leaves and flowers of H. longipes .
Tropical rainforest fragmentation affects plant species richness, composition and abundance depending on plant-size class and life history
Authors: Aguirre-Jaimes Armando , López-Acosta Juan Carlos , Dirzo Rodolfo 
Published: January 2021

Background: Tropical rain forests have been impacted by land use change, leading to major deforestation and fragmentation. Understanding how fragmentation impacts plant communities is central for tropical conservation.
Questions: i) How does species richness vary across a range of fragment sizes, and does it vary with plant size-structure? ii) how are species composition and floristic similarity affected by forest fragmentation? iii) does habitat fragmentation affect the representation of species with different life-history and regeneration patterns?
Studied species: We sampled overall plant communities and calculated diversity metrics of mature-forest and light-demanding species, considering plants of different size-categories (defined by diameter at breast height, DBH).
Study site: This study was carried out at Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. An area originally dominated extensive evergreen tropical forest, but currently highly fragmented
Methods: We sampled plants in five forest fragments representing (2 - 36 ha), and a large patch of continuous forest (700 ha). Within each site we established ten-50 × 2 m transects and registered all woody plants with DBH > 1 cm.
Results: Species richness declined as fragment size became smaller. Such decline was significant considering all plants (DBH > 1.0 cm) but became non-significant as plant size-category increased (DBH > 2.5, or > 10 cm.). Small fragments had distinguishable assemblages compared to continuous forest and also a reduction in the representation of mature-forest species compared to light-demanding species.
Conclusions: Our findings confirm that fragmentation affects tropical plant species diversity, but the effect is differential, depending on plant size-category and life history.
A new diatom (Bacillariophyceae) species from a thermal spring in Azores archipelago (São Miguel island, Atlantic Ocean)
Authors: Delgado Cristina , Gonçalves Vitor , Blanco Saúl , Almeida Salomé F.P. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Due to their isolation, islands offer excellent areas for the study of distribution of benthic diatoms. On the other hand, diatoms bearing canal raphe have received less attention compared to other groups of diatoms such as Navicula, Pinnularia or Amphora .
Questions: Is it possible that thermal springs on islands offer a refuge for infrequent diatom species?
Studied species: Platichthys furnensis C. Delgado, V. Gonçalves & S.F.P. Almeida sp. nov.
Study site and dates: The species here described was collected in the epilithon of a thermal spring in São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago, Portugal) in September 2015.
Methods: This new taxon was compared to other diatom species of the genera Nitzschia , Tryblionella , Entomoneis and Hantzschia and to the other species of the genus Platichthys . The morphology is documented by light and scanning electron images and discussed in detail.
Results: Platichthys furnensis was found in a thermal pool, a similar habitat to the one where P. krammeri type was collected in Chile in 1940. P. furnensis has many structures that are characteristic of the recently described genus Platichthys, including raised canal raphe and fibulae, compressed valve face, steep valve face and numerous open copulae.
Conclusions: The description of the new taxon is interesting because it is the first species within Platichthys to be described from the Northern Hemisphere.
The ethnobotany of bryophytes in Mexico
Authors: Hernandez-Rodríguez Enrique , Delgadillo-Moya Claudio 
Published: January 2021

Background: Mexico has an extensive record of vascular plants that are used by humans and associated with traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). However, for non-vascular plants like bryophytes, there is no consensus on how many and which species have any TEK associated with them.
Questions: How many bryophyte species are used by humans in Mexico? What TEK is associated with them? Why is it important to document ethnobotanical information on bryophytes?
Studied species: Bryophytes sensu lato .
Study site and dates: Mexican territory. Time span covered by the studies reviewed was from 1552 to 2020.
Methods: Information in published materials, repositories, and personal fieldwork records were used to build a database on bryophyte taxa associated with some TEK in Mexico.
Results: According to available data, the bryophyte flora with some associated TEK in Mexico includes 36 species belonging to 30 genera and 23 families. The main use is ceremonial, although craft, environmental, medicinal, and ornamental uses are also reported.
Conclusions: This study updates the number of bryophytes used as non-forest timber resources. Ethnobotanical records for Mexico are among the highest in countries that use bryophytes in human enterprises.
Pollen morphology of the Megamexican cycads reveals the potential of morphometrics to identify cycad genera
Authors: Vovides Andrew P. , Guevara Roger , Coiro Mario , Galicia Sonia , Iglesias Carlos 
Published: January 2021

Background: Although pollen morphology has always been an important tool in plant systematics, the possibility of distinguishing between related taxa is still debated. A difficult case is the cycads, where their morphology and small size is very similar. Pollen morphology has been important in plant systematics and determination at the species level is possible depending on the group. Controversial cases are the cycads, where their small pollen and smooth sculpture when observed under light microscopy present few useful characters for separation at the species level.
Question: Will cycad pollen morphometry be useful to distinguish taxa?
Study species: 15 species within the genera Ceratozamia, Dioon and Zamia were investigated with five species of each genus.
Methods: Pollen was obtained from both live specimens from the Clavijero Botanic Garden of the Instituto de Ecología, A.C., as well as herbarium specimens. Acetolyzed pollen was used for descriptions and morphometry, and non-acetolyzed pollen for SEM images.
Results: The thickness of the exine and pollen sculpture of Dioon differed from that of Ceratozamia and Zamia thus allowing its identification. The pollen morphology of Ceratozamia and Zamia is very similar and therefore difficult to distinguish between species.
Conclusions: The thicker exine of Dioon allows its pollen to be distinguished from the other two genera. Morphometric methods must be applied to distinguish pollen between species of Ceratozamia and Zamia.