bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin mitigates cadmium and aluminium toxicity through modulation of antioxidant potential in Brassica napus L
Authors: Sami A. , Shah F. A. , Abdullah M. , Zhou X. , Yan Y. , Zhu Z. , Zhou K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Melatonin has emerged as an essential molecule in plants, due to its role in defence against metal toxicity. Aluminium (Al) and cadmium (Cd) toxicity inhibit rapeseed seedling growth.

In this study, we applied different doses of melatonin (50 and 100 µm) to alleviate Al (25 µm) and Cd (25 µm) stress in rapeseed seedlings. Results show that Al and Cd caused toxicity in rapeseed seedling, as evidenced by a decrease in height, biomass and antioxidant enzyme activity.

Melatonin increased the expression of melatonin biosynthesis‐related Brassica napus genes for caffeic acid O‐methyl transferase (BnCOMT) under Al and Cd stress. The genes BnCOMT‐1, BnCOMT‐5 and BnCOMT‐8 showed up‐regulated expression, while BnCOMT‐4 and BnCOMT‐6 were down‐regulated during incubation in water. Melatonin application increased the germination rate, shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings. Melatonin supplementation under Al and Cd stress increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, proline, chlorophyll and anthocyanin content, as well as photosynthesis rate. Both Cd and Al treatments significantly increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels in rapeseed seedlings, which were strictly counterbalanced by melatonin. Analysis of Cd and Al in different subcellular compartments showed that melatonin enhanced cell wall and soluble fractions, but reduced the vacuolar and organelle fractions in Al‐ and Cd‐treated seedlings.

These results suggest that melatonin‐induced improvements in antioxidant potential, biomass, photosynthesis rate and successive Cd and Al sequestration play a pivotal role in plant tolerance to Al and Cd stress. This mechanism may have potential implications in safe food production.
The 3G Multigenerational Cohort of Nova Scotian women and their mothers and offspring
Authors: Brown Mary M. , Woolcott Christy G. , Dodds Linda , Ashley‐Martin Jillian , Allen Victoria M. , Fahey John , Kuhle Stefan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe negative impact of exposures such as maternal obesity, excessive gestational weight gain, and hypertension in pregnancy on the health of the next generation has been well studied. Evidence from animal studies suggests that the effects of in utero exposures may persist into the second generation, but the epidemiological literature on the influence of pregnancy‐related exposures across three generations in humans is sparse.ObjectivesThis cohort was established to investigate associations between antenatal and perinatal exposures and health outcomes in women and their offspring.PopulationThe cohort includes women who were born and subsequently had their own pregnancies in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia from 1980 onward.DesignIntergenerational linkage of data in the Nova Scotia Atlee Perinatal Database was used to establish a population‐based dynamic retrospective cohort.MethodsThe cohort has prospectively collected information on sociodemographics, maternal health and health behaviours, pregnancy health and complications, and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes for two generations of women and their offspring.Preliminary resultsAs of October 2018, the 3G cohort included 14 978 grandmothers (born 1939‐1986), 16 766 mothers or cohort women (born 1981‐2003), and 28 638 children (born 1996‐2018). The cohort women were generally younger than Nova Scotian women born after 1980, and as a result, characteristics associated with pregnancy at a younger age were more frequently seen in the cohort women; sampling weights will be created to account for this design effect. The cohort will be updated annually to capture future deliveries to women who are already in the cohort and women who become eligible for inclusion when they deliver their first child.ConclusionsThe 3G Multigenerational Cohort is a population‐based cohort of women and their mothers and offspring, spanning a time period of 38 years, and provides the opportunity to study inter‐ and transgenerational associations across the maternal line.
Dose‐response relationship of active commuting to work: Results of the GISMO study
Authors: Schmied Christian , Loidl Martin , Rossi Valentina , Fernandez La Puente de Battre Maria Dolores , Reich Bernhard , Niebauer Josef , Niederseer David 
Published: January 2020

The positive health benefits of regular exercise, particularly regarding cardiovascular risk and diseases, are well recognized and scientifically evident. However, a sedentary lifestyle is one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors that are still insufficiently addressed. Leisure‐time active commuting like walking and biking is an ideal way to improve exercise behavior in the general population. The purpose of this substudy of the GISMO study was to assess dose‐response relations in all commuters and the three subgroups of commuters (physically active by bicycle and/or walking, physically active by using public transportation (PT), and the controls using their own vehicles). As such, a positive dose‐response relationship could be confirmed in all physically active commuters compared to the control group. Whether the commuters cycled, walked, or traveled by PT —the more the physical exercise they performed (measured in metabolic equivalent [MET]‐hours), the larger their gain in physical fitness (measured in gained or “Delta” Watt during a maximal exercise test), and their physical fitness at the end of the study was P = .016 and P = .003, respectively. Health‐related quality of life correlated in two out of eight subdomains of the SF‐36 questionnaire with MET‐hours achieved during the study period (General Health and Physical Functioning). No clearly significant dose‐response could be observed regarding HDL(high‐density lipoprotein)‐cholesterol or body composition. Our results indicate a dose‐response pattern of healthy commuting in exercise capacity and health‐related quality of life to increase doses of physically active commuting.
Global domination by crazy ants: phylogenomics reveals biogeographical history and invasive species relationships in the genus Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Williams Jason L. , Zhang Yuanmeng Miles , Lloyd Michael W. , LaPolla John S. , Schultz Ted R. , Lucky Andrea 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNylanderia (Emery) is one of the world's most diverse ant genera, with 123 described species worldwide and hundreds more undescribed. Fifteen globetrotting or invasive species have widespread distributions and are often encountered outside their native ranges. A molecular approach to understanding the evolutionary history and to revision of Nylanderia taxonomy is needed because historical efforts based on morphology have proven insufficient to define major lineages and delimit species boundaries, especially where adventive species are concerned. To address these problems, we generated the first genus‐wide genomic dataset of Nylanderia using ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to resolve the phylogeny of major lineages, determine the age and origin of the genus, and describe global biogeographical patterns. Sampling from seven biogeographical regions revealed a Southeast Asian origin of Nylanderia in the mid‐Eocene and four distinct biogeographical clades in the Nearctic, the Neotropics, the Afrotropics/Malagasy region, and Australasia. The Nearctic and Neotropical clades are distantly related, indicating two separate dispersal events to the Americas between the late Oligocene and early Miocene. We also addressed the problem of misidentification that has characterized species‐level taxonomy in Nylanderia as a result of limited morphological variation in the worker caste by evaluating the integrity of species boundaries in six of the most widespread Nylanderia species. We sampled across ranges of species in the N. bourbonica complex (N. bourbonica (Forel) + N. vaga (Forel)), the N. fulva complex (N. fulva (Mayr) + N. pubens (Forel)), and the N. guatemalensis complex (N. guatemalensis (Forel) + N. steinheili (Forel)) to clarify their phylogenetic placement. Deep splits within these complexes suggest that some species names – specifically N. bourbonica and N. guatemalensis – each are applied to multiple cryptic species. In exhaustively sampling Nylanderia diversity in the West Indies, a ‘hot spot’ for invasive taxa, we found five adventive species among 22 in the region; many remain morphologically indistinguishable from one another, despite being distantly related. We stress that overcoming the taxonomic impediment through the use of molecular phylogeny and revisionary study is essential for conservation and invasive species management.
AMPA receptor structure and auxiliary subunits
Authors: Kamalova Aichurok , Nakagawa Terunaga 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFast excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is largely mediated by AMPA‐type ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPARs), which are activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate. In synapses, the function of AMPARs is tuned by their auxiliary subunits, a diverse set of membrane proteins associated with the core pore‐forming subunits of the AMPARs. Each auxiliary subunit provides distinct functional modulation of AMPARs, ranging from regulation of trafficking to shaping ion channel gating kinetics. Understanding the molecular mechanism of the function of these complexes is key to decoding synaptic modulation and their global roles in cognitive activities, such as learning and memory. Here, we review the structural and molecular complexity of AMPAR–auxiliary subunit complexes, as well as their functional diversity in different brain regions. We suggest that the recent structural information provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic functions of AMPAR–auxiliary subunit complexes.
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Drift-Off Study in Drilling Vessels Comparing Numerical Model and Full-Scale Field Measurements
Authors: Tannuri Eduardo A. , de Mello Pedro C. , Dotta Raul , Oshiro Anderson T. , Diederichs Gustavo R. , Cruz Daniel F. , Ferreira Marcos D. , Nunes Luiz Manoel P. , Maeda Katsuya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In drilling vessels, the dynamic positioning (DP) system has a great importance for the operation, since it ensures the station-keeping ability for the drilling operation. However, an emergency situation involves ungoverned drift due to problems associated with the DP system failures, such as thrusters, generators, powerbus, or control system. During this situation, the vessel drift is subjected to the influence of environmental conditions and the drift can lead to collisions with floating obstacles or submerged systems, wellhead emergency disconnection, damage to equipment and potentially causing major environmental disasters. It is then necessary to define a safety region for the drilling ship operation and to determine the limiting operation offset that the drilling vessel can disconnect from the wellhead without damage to any equipment. This offset limit is obtained through a riser analysis and drift-off study, important inputs for the Well Specific Operating Guidelines (WSOG). A validated time-domain simulator is required and able to predict the vessel drift trajectory after the DP failure under several environmental conditions. The aim of this work is to present a large set of model and full-scale drift tests and the validation of a time-domain numerical simulator (Dynasim), based on the main parameters of the drift tests: drift distance, heading variation, and trajectory. The comparisons between the numerical simulation results with full- and model-scale data demonstrated the accuracy of the numerical model, confirming that the simulator is a reliable tool to predict the motion of a drilling vessel after a blackout.
Constraints on the coevolution of oxic and sulfidic ocean iron sinks from Archean–Paleoproterozoic iron isotope records
Authors: Heard Andy W. , Dauphas Nicolas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The drivers of Fe isotope variations of Archean–Paleoproterozoic pyrite have been debated since discovery of δ56Fe values (per mil shifts in 56Fe/54Fe ratios versus iron isotopic reference material [IRMM-014]) as low as −3.5‰ in pyrites predating the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) at ca. 2330 Ma. These values were taken as evidence that extensive removal of high-δ56Fe Fe3+ oxides during partial oxidation of upwelled Fe2+-rich waters occurred in the early oceans. However, low pyrite δ56Fe can also reflect kinetic isotopic shifts during pyrite formation. Compiled δ56Fe records of oxic (iron formation) and sulfidic (pyrite) sinks of Fe negatively covary before the GOE, contrary to expectations that Fe2+ oxidation would drive the δ56Fe values of these sinks on parallel trends as oxidation progressed. Positive covariation of pyrite δ56Fe with the dispersion of sedimentary sulfide δ34S fractionation through time suggests that sulfur availability during pyritization at least partially drove trends in negative δ56Fe fractionation before the GOE. The δ56Fe records of pyrite and iron formation suggest that oxic and sulfidic Fe sinks grew in concert before and during the GOE.
Do mobile device apps designed to support medication adherence demonstrate efficacy? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials, with meta-analysis
Authors: Armitage Laura Catherine , Kassavou Aikaterini , Sutton Stephen 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo estimate the efficacy of app-based interventions designed to support medication adherence and investigate which behaviour change techniques (BCTs) used by the apps are associated with efficacy.DesignSystematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), with meta-analysis.SettingMedline/PubMed, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase and Web of Science were searched from 1990 to November 2018 for RCTs conducted in any healthcare setting.ParticipantsStudies of participants of any age taking prescribed medication for any health condition and for any duration.InterventionAn app-based intervention delivered through a smartphone, tablet computer or personal digital assistant to help, support or advise about medication adherence.ComparatorOne of (1) usual care, (2) a control app which did not use any BCTs to improve medication adherence or (3) a non-app-based comparator.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the pooled effect size of changes in medication adherence. The secondary outcome was the association between BCTs used by the apps and the effect size.ResultsThe initial search identified 13 259 citations. After title and abstract screening, full-text articles of 83 studies were screened for eligibility. Nine RCTs with 1159 recruited participants were included. The mean age of participants was >50 years in all but one study. Health conditions of target populations included cardiovascular disease, depression, Parkinson’s disease, psoriasis and multimorbidity. The meta-analysis indicated that patients who use mobile apps to support them in taking medications are more likely to self-report adherence to medications (OR 2.120, 95% CI 1.635 to 2.747, n=988) than those in the comparator groups. Meta-regression of the BCTs did not reveal any significant associations with effect size.ConclusionsApp-based medication adherence interventions may have a positive effect on patient adherence. Larger scale studies are required to further evaluate this effect, including long-term sustainability, and intervention and participant characteristics that are associated with efficacy and app usage.Prospero registration numberPROSPERO Protocol Registration Number: CRD42017080150.
Uptake of best practice recommendations in the management of patients with diabetes and periodontitis: a cross-sectional survey of healthcare professionals in primary care
Authors: Bissett Susan M , Rapley Tim , Preshaw Philip M , Presseau Justin 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the practices of healthcare professionals in relation to best practice recommendations for the multidisciplinary management of people with diabetes and periodontitis, focusing on two clinical behaviours: informing patients about the links between diabetes and periodontitis, and suggesting patients with poorly controlled diabetes go for a dental check-up.DesignCross-sectional design utilising online questionnaires to assess self-reported performance and constructs from Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and Normalisation Process Theory.SettingPrimary care medical practices (n=37) in North East, North Cumbria and South West of England Clinical Research Networks.Participants96 general practitioners (GPs), 48 nurses and 21 healthcare assistants (HCAs).ResultsParticipants reported little to no informing patients about the links between diabetes and periodontitis or suggesting that they go for a dental check-up. Regarding future intent, both GPs (7.60±3.38) and nurses (7.94±3.69) scored significantly higher than HCAs (4.29±5.07) for SCT proximal goals (intention) in relation to informing patients about the links (p<0.01); and nurses (8.56±3.12) scored significantly higher than HCAs (5.14±5.04) for suggesting patients go for a dental check-up (p<0.001). All professional groups agreed on the potential value of both behaviours, and nurses scored significantly higher than GPs for legitimation (conforms to perception of job role) in relation to informing (nurses 4.16±0.71; GPs 3.77±0.76) and suggesting (nurses 4.13±0.66; GPs 3.75±0.83) (both p<0.01). The covariate background information (OR=2.81; p=0.03) was statistically significant for informing patients about the links.ConclusionsDespite evidence-informed best practice recommendations, healthcare professionals currently report low levels of informing patients with diabetes about the links between diabetes and periodontitis and suggesting patients go for a dental check-up. However, healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, value these behaviours and consider them appropriate to their role. While knowledge of the evidence is important, future guidelines should consider different strategies to enable implementation of the delivery of healthcare interventions.
Residential status and health in middle and late life: a population-based study with new data from Spain
Authors: Requena Miguel , Reher David 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo address how different residential situations impact the likelihood of death among mature adults and elderly persons.DesignPopulation-based study with administrative data linked to census data.SettingSpain.ParticipantsSpanish population alive on 1 January 2012, observed between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2012. A 10% random sample of the Spanish population, including 2 054 427 person years and 28 736 deaths, is used.Main outcome measureRegistered deaths in the 2012 Spanish vital statistics.MethodsUsing a new data set based on linked administrative registers, we estimate unadjusted and adjusted mortality rates by coresidential situation. Differential mortality is measured by rate ratios (RR) estimated with Poisson regression. Cause of death data are used to explore the mechanisms involved in excess mortality by residential status.ResultsCompared with men 45–54 living with partners, the risk of death is much higher for those without partners living with others (RR 2.0, 95% CI 1.7 to 2.4) or for those living alone (RR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5 to 2.4). After 84, excess mortality among men living with others persists (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.5), but disappears for those living alone (RR 1.0, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.1). Both among women 45–64 living with others but without partner (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5 to 2.3) and among those living alone (RR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5 to 3.1) the pattern is similar to men. At higher ages, however, excess mortality for women living alone decreases (RR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.2), though it persists for women living with others (RR 1.9, 95% CI 1.7 to 2.0).ConclusionsThese findings indicate direct effects of living arrangements on mortality and health-related selection effects influencing residential choices. These effects may be partially affected by age and prevailing societal and cultural contexts.
Late onset of new conduction disturbances requiring permanent pacemaker implantation following TAVI
Authors: Kooistra Nynke H M , van Mourik Martijn S , Rodríguez-Olivares Ramón , Maass Alexander H , Nijenhuis Vincent J , van der Werf Rik , ten Berg Jurrien M , Kraaijeveld Adriaan O , Baan Jr Jan , Voskuil Michiel , Vis M Marije , Stella Pieter R 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThe timing of onset and associated predictors of late new conduction disturbances (CDs) leading to permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are still unknown, however, essential for an early and safe discharge. This study aimed to investigate the timing of onset and associated predictors of late onset CDs in patients requiring PPI (LCP) following TAVI.Methods and resultsWe performed retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from five large volume centres in Europe. Post-TAVI electrocardiograms and telemetry data were evaluated in patients with a PPI post-TAVI to identify the onset of new advanced CDs. Early onset CDs were defined as within 48 hours after procedure, and late onset CDs as after 48 hours. A total of 2804 patients were included for analysis. The PPI rate was 12%, of which 18% was due to late onset CDs (>48 hours). Independent predictors for LCP were pre-existing non-specific intraventricular conduction delay, pre-existing right bundle branch block, self-expandable valves and predilation. At least one of these risk factors was present in 98% of patients with LCP. Patients with a balloon-expandable valve without predilation did not develop CDs requiring PPI after 48 hours.ConclusionsSafe early discharge might be feasible in patients without CDs in the first 48 hours after TAVI if no risk factors for LCP are present.
Predictions for the neutrino parameters in the minimal model extended by linear combination of U(1)$$_{L_e-L_\mu }$$, U(1)$$_{L_\mu -L_\tau }$$ and U(1)$$_{B-L}$$ gauge symmetries
Authors: Asai Kento 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe study the minimal extensions of the Standard Model by a linear combination of U(1)$$_{L_e-L_\mu }$$Le-Lμ, U(1)$$_{L_\mu -L_\tau }$$Lμ-Lτ and U(1)$$_{B-L}$$B-L gauge symmetries, where three right-handed neutrinos and one U(1)-breaking SU(2)$$_L$$L singlet or doublet scalar are introduced. Because of the dependence on the lepton flavor, the structures of both Dirac and Majorana mass matrices of neutrinos are restricted. In particular, the two-zero minor and texture structures in the mass matrix for the active neutrinos are interesting. Analyzing these structures, we obtain uniquely all the neutrino parameters, namely the Dirac CP phase $$\delta $$δ, the Majorana CP phases $$\alpha _{2,3}$$α2,3 and the mass eigenvalues of the light neutrinos $$m_i$$mi as functions of the neutrino mixing angles $$\theta _{12}$$θ12, $$\theta _{23}$$θ23, and $$\theta _{13}$$θ13, and the squared mass differences $$\Delta m^2_{21}$$Δm212 and $$\Delta m^2_{31}$$Δm312. In 7 minimal models which are consistent with the recent neutrino oscillation data, we also obtain the predictions for the sum of the neutrino masses $$\Sigma _i m_i$$Σimi and the effective Majorana neutrino mass $$\langle m_{\beta \beta }\rangle $$⟨mββ⟩ and compare them with the current experimental limits. In addition, we also discuss the implication of our results for leptogenesis.