bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of boundary support conditions on impact behavior of silicone pin‐reinforced polymer sandwich composite structure
Authors: Chauhan Shivanku , Sahu Sonika , Ansari Mohd. Z. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPresent study investigates the effect of pinned and fixed boundary conditions on deformation characteristics of silicone rubber pin‐reinforced polymer sandwich composite under rigid plate impact. These boundary conditions represent two different structural applications of the sandwich which consists of a soft polyurethane foam core, embedded with four silicone pins for reinforcement, placed in between two hard acrylic faceplates. Compression test were conducted on foam at different strain rates and the results obtained for quasi‐static case was later used in numerical analysis for procedure validation and impact simulation using finite element analysis software ABAQUS. Results for deformation, contact force generated and stresses induced are obtained. Quasi‐static compression results show good conformity between experimental and numerical results for foam. Impact results show that both boundary conditions have negligible effect on deformation and contact force but pinned condition produces much higher stresses than fixed one. The study also found that pin‐reinforcement significantly affects the impact behavior and the post‐impact recovery.
Sleep medications and sleep disturbances across middle aged pre‐ or peri‐menopausal women of different race and ethnicities: A SWAN pharmacoepidemiology cohort study
Authors: Solomon Daniel H. , Ruppert Kristine , Kazlauskaite Rasa , Lian Pam , Kravitz Howard M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeSleep disturbances are common, particularly in middle aged women. Prescription medications for this indication are increasingly used, despite uncertain safety. This study assessed prescription medication use for sleep among a cohort of women with and without sleep disturbances.MethodsWe examined reports of sleep disturbance and sleep medication use among pre‐ and early peri‐menopausal womenassessed annually or biennially since 1996. Women self‐reported medications at visits, and we identified medications that have been used primarily for sleep disturbances. They reported on difficulties falling and staying asleep, and early morning wakening. Sleep medication use across 20 years of follow‐up was examined for all women and by race/ethnicity. Women who reported data for both sleep disturbance and sleep medication use were included in the analyses..ResultsAmong participants in a cohort of 3302 women who were enrolled prior to their menopause transition, 3082 women were included in the analytic sample and 2531 (82%) reported sleep disturbances. They were more likely to endorse higher anxiety and pain scores and more comorbid conditions than women without sleep disturbances. Baseline characteristics were similar among women who did and did not use sleep medications. Among women reporting a sleep disturbance at baseline, 2.5% reported sleep medication use, increasing to 8% over 20 years. However, the proportion of women reporting sleep medication use who did not report a sleep disturbance remained low, approximately 1% to 2% over the entire follow‐up. Increases in sleep medication use was observed across women of all race/ethnicities.ConclusionsThe use of sleep medications among women reporting sleep disturbance grew over the last 20 years. Growth was observed across women of all race/ethnicities.
Perovskite modules with 99% geometrical fill factor using point contact interconnections design
Authors: Rakocevic Lucija , Schöpe Gunnar , Turan Bugra , Genoe Jan , Aernouts Tom , Haas Stefan , Gehlhaar Robert , Poortmans Jef 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThin‐film photovoltaic technology, based on hybrid metal halide perovskites, has achieved 25.2% and 16.1% certified power conversion efficiencies for solar cell and solar module devices, respectively. Still, the gap between power conversion efficiency of small area solar cells and large area solar modules is greater than for any other photovoltaic technology. Analysis of loss mechanisms in n‐i‐p solution processed devices defined layer inhomogeneity loss and inactive area loss as the two most prominent loss mechanisms in upscaling. In this study, we focus on minimizing inactive area loss. We analyze the point contact interconnections design and demonstrate it on perovskite thin‐film solar modules to achieve a geometrical fill factor of up to 99%. Numerical and analytical simulations are utilized to optimize interconnections and solar module design and balance inactive area loss, series resistance loss, and contact resistance loss.
A high maternal genome excess causes severe seed abortion leading to ovary abscission in Nicotiana interploidy‐interspecific crosses
Authors: He Hai , Yokoi Shuji , Tezuka Takahiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSeed abortion and ovary abscission, two types of postzygotic reproductive barriers, are often observed in interspecific and/or interploidy crosses in plants. However, the mechanisms underlying these reproductive barriers remain unclear. Here, we show that the distinct types of seed developmental abnormalities (type I and type II seed abortion) occur in a phased manner as maternal to paternal genome dosage increases and that type II seed abortion is followed by ovary abscission. We revealed that these two types of seed developmental abnormalities are observed during seed development in the interploidy‐interspecific crosses of Nicotiana suaveolens and N. tabacum. Moreover, in the cross showing type II seed abortion, several events, such as changes in abscission‐related gene expression and lignin deposition, occurred in the ovary abscission zone, eventually leading to ovary abscission. Notably, successive increases in maternal ploidy using ploidy manipulated lines resulted in successive type I and type II seed abortions, and the latter was accompanied by ovary abscission. Conversely, both types of seed abortion and ovary abscission could be overcome with a ploidy manipulation technique that balances parental ploidy levels. We thus concluded that a high maternal genome excess cross may cause severe seed developmental defects and ovary abscission. Based on our findings, we propose a model explaining the abortion phenomena, where an interaction between the promotive and inhibitive effects of the parental genomes determines the developmental destiny of seeds.Significance statementWe demonstrate that a stepwise increase in maternal ploidy results in a stepwise increase in seed abortion severity, leading to ovary abscission in plants. We propose a model explaining the abortion phenomena, where an interaction between the promotive and inhibitive effects of the parental genomes determines the developmental destiny of seeds.
Tunable polymer microgel particles and their study using microscopy and real‐time deformability cytometry
Authors: Sinjari Sheilan , Freitag Jessica S. , Herold Christoph , Otto Oliver , Smith David M. , Stöver Harald D. H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report the preparation and mechanical properties of highly swellable, spherical polymer microgels synthesized by precipitation copolymerization of divinylbenzene‐55 (DVB), 4‐methylstyrene (4MS), and maleic anhydride (MA) at different cross‐linker contents, in a range of methylethylketone (MEK) and heptane solvent mixtures. Microgels were characterized by optical and confocal microscopy, and their mechanical properties tested using real‐time deformability cytometry (RT‐DC), a technique developed to analyze cell properties by measuring deformation under shear stress. Hydrolysis of anhydride groups gave microgels with diameters ranging from 10 to 22 μm when swollen in saline, depending on vol% MEK and cross‐linker loading. Young's moduli of the microgels could be tuned from 0.8 to 10 kPa by adjusting cross‐linker content and MEK/heptane solvent composition, showing an inverse relationship between the effects of vol% MEK and %DVB on microgel properties. These microgels also show strain‐stiffening in response to increasing shear stresses. Extension of the RT‐DC method to the study of polymer colloids thus enables high‐throughput analysis of microgels with tunable mechanical characteristics.
Examination of factors contributing to help‐seeking behavior in accessing psychosocial support services among Japanese cancer patients: An application of the segmentation approach
Authors: Matsui Tomoko , Hirai Kei , Gondo Yasuyuki , Sato Shinichi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveVarious psychosocial support services for cancer patients are available in Japan; however, their utilization rate is low. The present study aimed to examine factors contributing to help‐seeking behavior in the use of psychosocial support services among cancer outpatients at three stages: Precontemplation (without adjustment disorder or major depression), Precontemplation (with adjustment disorder or major depression), and Contemplation.MethodsWe conducted a web‐based questionnaire survey at two points with a panel of cancer outpatients. We collected data on demographic information, physical status, the use of and intention to use psychosocial support services, psychological distress, attitude toward using psychosocial support services for cancer patients, and social support.ResultsIn total, 395 cancer patients were analyzed. In the Precontemplation (without adjustment disorder or major depression) stage, resistance to help‐seeking (OR = 0.726, P = .011) and future prospects of the Brief Cancer‐Related Worry Inventory (OR = 1.012, P = .019) were significant. In the Precontemplation (with adjustment disorder or major depression) stage, only recommendation by medical staff or family (OR = 0.000, P = .026) had a significant effect. In the Contemplation stage, only social and interpersonal problems (OR = 0.942, P = .080) showed a significant (negative) trend.ConclusionsThis study showed that contributing factors differed by stage. To encourage the use of psychosocial support services, it is desirable to recommend the use and to develop interventions for promoting, with responding to patients' conditions and intentions rather than responding to everyone in the same way.
Physicochemical surface analysis and germination at different irrigation conditions of DBD plasma‐treated wheat seeds
Authors: Molina Ricardo , Lalueza Alba , López‐Santos Carmen , Ghobeira Rouba , Cools Pieter , Morent Rino , de Geyter Nathalie , González‐Elipe Agustín R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPlasma treatment is increasingly being explored as an effective presowing treatment improving seed germination. This study examines the synergetic effect of the irrigation condition and the physicochemical surface properties of wheat seeds subjected to atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge plasma activation on their water uptake and germination. Extensive surface analysis revealed a remarkably enhanced wettability of plasma‐treated seeds due to the insertion of oxygen‐containing functionalities on their surface. However, long plasma exposures damaged the outermost layers of the pericarp due to a pronounced oxidative etching effect. Although the seed germination capacity was not affected by the plasma treatments, short plasma exposures were shown to enhance water uptake and accelerate seed germination, especially under water‐scarcity conditions.
Quantification of dose in plasma immersion ion implantation of polymer bone scaffolds: Probe diagnostics of a pulsed dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Katsifis Georgio A. , Suchowerska Natalka , McKenzie David R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate the ability of plasma immersion ion implantation to treat all surfaces of a porous polymer structure designed to act as a bone scaffold. We prove that the internal pore surfaces receive ion bombardment by examining the ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum of a thin polymer sheet placed inside pores of different diameters and locations. The current–voltage characteristics of a Langmuir probe in a pulsed dielectric barrier discharge are studied and interpreted to give measurements of the ion current drawn from plasma in the pores. An existing one‐dimensional model of the plasma is adapted and combined with the Langmuir probe measurements to predict the ion dose to the pore surfaces. Our prediction agrees with measurements from UV absorption.
Study on ice nucleation temperature and water freezing in saline soils
Authors: Wan Xusheng , Liu Enlong , Qiu Enxi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a computational model of the freezing point of soil and the nucleation rate of ice based on the soil volume for saline soils. Physicochemical methods and crystallization theory are used to explore the macroscopic mechanism of water freezing induced by ice crystallization, and the influence of water undercooling is discussed with regard to different soil volumes and salt contents. Growth sites, shapes, and sizes of ice crystals are determined by an assumption of heterogeneous nucleation, and the contact angle is introduced to represent a wide range of soils. The relationship between the initial contact angle and the salt content is analyzed quantitatively through an indoor cooling test and thermal difference analysis. Moreover, the van Genuchten model is applied to provide an equation for the unfrozen water content in salty soils, and the probability of ice formation is introduced to investigate the variation of contact angle during the soil freezing process. This study shows that the initial radius of an ice crystal decreases as the salt concentration decreases. The temperature of ice nucleation is determined mainly by the contact angle of ice crystals, which decreases as the soil volume increases and results in decreased supercooling.
Latent class analysis to identify clinical profiles among indigenous infants with bronchiolitis
Authors: Niu Hongqi , Chang Anne Bernadette , Oguoma Victor Maduabuchi , Wang Zhiqiang , McCallum Gabrielle Britt 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveBetter phenotyping of the heterogenous bronchiolitis syndrome may lead to targeted future interventions. This study aims to identify severe bronchiolitis profiles among hospitalized Australian Indigenous infants, a population at risk of bronchiectasis, using latent class analysis (LCA).MethodsWe included prospectively collected clinical, viral, and nasopharyngeal bacteria data from 164 Indigenous infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis from our previous studies. We undertook multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) followed by LCA. The best‐fitting model for LCA was based on adjusted Bayesian information criteria and entropy R2.ResultsWe identified five clinical profiles. Profile‐A's (23.8% of cohort) phenotype was previous preterm (90.7%), low birth‐weight (89.2%) and weight‐for‐length z‐score <−1 (82.7% from combining those with z‐score between −1 and −2 and those in the z‐score of <−2 group) previous respiratory hospitalization (39.6%) and bronchiectasis on chest high‐resolution computed tomography scan (35.4%). Profile‐B (25.3%) was characterized by the oxygen requirement (100%) and marked accessory muscle use (45.5%). Infants in profile‐C (7.0%) had the most severe disease, with oxygen requirement and bronchiectasis in 100%, moderate accessory muscle use (85% vs 0%‐51.4%) and bacteria detected (93.1% vs 56.7%‐72.0%). Profile‐D (11.6%) was dominated by rhinovirus (49.4%), mild accessory muscle use (73.8%), and weight‐for‐length z‐score <−2 (36.0%). Profile‐E (32.2%) included bronchiectasis (13.8%), RSV (44.0%), rhinovirus (26.3%) and any bacteria (72%).ConclusionUsing LCA in Indigenous infants with severe bronchiolitis, we identified five clinical profiles with one distinct profile for bronchiectasis. LCA can characterize distinct phenotypes for severe bronchiolitis and infants at risk for future bronchiectasis, which may inform future targeted interventions.
Structuration of multilocus genotypes associated with insecticide resistance of the peach potato aphid,Myzus persicae(Sulzer), in potato fields in southern Belgium
Authors: Mingeot Dominique , Hautier Louis , Jansen Jean‐Pierre 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe peach potato aphid,Myzus persicae, has developed resistance to many insecticides. In Belgium,M. persicaeis one of the most common aphids in potato fields and one of the most effective virus vectors. We monitored resistance mutations to pyrethroids, carbamates and neonicotinoids and related these results to microsatellite genotyping to provide information to support the choice of management tactics.RESULTSMost of the 254 aphids tested (97.6%) displayed at least one mutation conferring resistance to pyrethroids (L1014F, M918L and M918T) and 36.2% additionally carried the modified acetylcholinesterase (MACE) carbamates resistance making them resistant to two insecticide action modes. Ten mutation combinations were detected, two of which were frequent and a strong linkage was found between MACE and M918L mutations. The R81T mutation conferring resistance to neonicotinoids was not detected. Microsatellites highlighted a moderate genetic diversity [69 multilocus genotypes (MLG) detected], severe deviations from Hardy–Weinberg expectations, a highly significant excess of heterozygotes and linkage disequilibrium between all pairs of loci. A structuration of MLGs in association with the mutation combinations was observed. Genetic differentiation was mainly not significant between sampling locations and most MLGs were geographically widespread. These results suggest the likely coexistence of parthenogenesis (obligatory or facultative) and sexual reproduction, and the existence of ‘old’ parthenogenetic overwintering asexual lineages.CONCLUSIONThe results of this monitoring at a regional scale provide useful information on insecticide resistance, genetic diversity and reproductive modes, and highlight the need to reduce the insecticide selection pressure and to implement mitigating techniques.
Transcriptome differential co‐expression reveals distinct molecular response of fall‐armyworm strains to DIMBOA
Authors: Silva‐Brandão Karina Lucas , Murad Natália Faraj , Peruchi Aline , Martins Carlos Henrique Zanini , Omoto Celso , Figueira Antonio , Brandão Marcelo Mendes , Trigo José Roberto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUND2,4‐dihydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one (DIMBOA), the main benzoxazinoid found in corn, elicits variable larval responses from different pest moths. For the widespread and highly polyphagous Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the fall‐armyworm (FAW), DIMBOA acts as a feeding stimulant and improves larval growth at low concentrations. The FAW present two host plant‐related strains, corn and rice strains, related to host preference on corn and other Graminae or rice. Based on both host preference and strain divergence of the FAW on corn, a cereal containing DIMBOA, and rice, lacking this compound, we question if corn and rice strains larvae respond equally toward DIMBOA. We evaluated differential expression in the transcriptome of both midgut and fat body larval tissues of the two strains reared on either DIMBOA‐enriched artificial diet or control diet and inferred Bayesian networks.RESULTSWe found differences in performance between corn and rice strain larvae reared on DIMBOA, as well as several differentially regulated contigs annotated as esterases, peptidases, transferases and reductases, all of them known for being related to responses of lepidopterans and other insects to DIMBOA. We also found a UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase very similar to others found in many lepidopterans occupying a central hub within a transferase Bayesian network, suggesting that it is essential to an effective response to DIMBOA in FAW.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that there is an intrinsic cost for FAW rice strain larvae to metabolize corn‐originated hydroxamic acids, which could have resulted in the partial host‐associated genetic isolation found at FAW field populations.
Construction of oxime ester derivatives of osthole from Cnidium monnieri, and evaluation of their agricultural activities and control efficiency
Authors: Ren Zili , Lv Min , Li Tianze , Hao Meng , Li Shaochen , Xu Hui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to discover natural‐product‐based pesticidal candidates, a series of coumarin‐like derivatives containing oxime ester fragments at the C‐8 position were prepared by structural modification of osthole, a natural plant product isolated from Cnidium monnieri. Their pesticidal activities were evaluated against two typically fruit trees/crop‐threatening agricultural pests, Mythimna separata Walker and Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval.RESULTSOsthole was regioselectively oxidized by selenium dioxide to give the E‐isomer, (2′E)‐3′‐formaldehydylosthole (2). Four key steric structures of 2, (2'E, 4'E)‐(o‐chloropyrid‐3‐ylcarbonyl)oximinylosthole (4o), (2'E, 4'E)‐(styrylcarbonyl)oximinylosthole (4t), and (2'E, 4'E)‐(acetyl)oximinylosthole (4w) were undoubtedly confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. Against T. cinnabarinus, it is noteworthy that (2′E, 4′E)‐(p‐chlorophenylcarbonyl)oximinylosthole (4c) exhibited over three‐fold more potent acaricidal activity of the precursor osthole, with especially good control efficiency observed in the glasshouse. Against M. separata, compounds 4c and (2′E, 4′E)‐(p‐nitrophenylcarbonyl)oximinylosthole (4f) showed the most pronounced growth inhibitory activity. The relationships between their structures and agricultural activities also were studied.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrate that compound 4c could be further structurally modified as pesticidal agents. It will lay the foundation for future application of osthole derivatives as pesticides. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
International postgraduate students' labour mobility in the United Kingdom: A cross‐classified multilevel analysis
Authors: Zhan Meng , Downey Chris , Dyke Martin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article models the migration flows of international students who have graduated from master's and doctoral programmes in UK universities. Previously, access to sufficient data from the Destination of Leavers from Higher Education (DLHE) data set on the destinations of higher education (HE) international students has been difficult, despite the fact that international student numbers have grown substantially. Two 1‐year extracts from the DLHE data set were analysed (2013/2014 and 2014/2015) using cross‐classified multilevel modelling in order to estimate influences on ‘stay rate’: the likelihood of highly skilled graduates remaining in the United Kingdom for work after graduation. The home domicile and the UK higher education institution (HEI) attended for study were modelled as random effects that allowed the variance in stay rate to be partitioned between the student, higher levels of domicile and HEI attended. Variance at the domicile level was estimated to be 1.67 times greater than variance at HEI level, indicating that home country is a better predictor of stay rates than the HEI attended. The cross‐classified model was a better fit to data than simpler, two‐level hierarchical models (students nested in domicile or students nested in HEI attended). A number of student, domicile‐ and HEI‐level factors were added to the models. At HEI level, attending a Russell Group university and university location outside London were factors that led to significantly lower likelihood of graduates staying in the United Kingdom for work. At the domicile level, none of four factors (GDP, unemployment rates, English language and commonwealth affiliation) were significant in predicting stay rates.