bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SLANG USED IN”TOP FIVE MOVIE” DIRECTED BY CHRIS ROCK
Authors: Arfani Sri , Rusfitasari Riri 
Published: December 2019

The objective of this research is to analyze slang words in Top Five movie. Learning slang is important for people who want to fully understand English either it is formal or informal. The movie is analyzed using the descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected through library and internet research then watch the movie several times. The first analysis of the research is about slang words that used in the movie. The second analysis is about forms of slang that found in the movie. Then the third analysis is about functions of slang words used in the movie. The result of this research indicated that: (1) There are ten slang words that are going to discuss in this research, (2) There are eleven forms of slang that found in the movie; compounding, affixation, phraseology, clipping, initialism, verbification, nominalization, other process, blending, (3) There are nine functions of slang that used in the movie; identification, interaction, secrecy, emotions, humor, toughness, informality, conciseness, and forcefulness
Exoplanet Imitators: A Test of Stellar Activity Behavior in Radial Velocity Signals
Authors: Nava Chantanelle , López-Morales Mercedes , Haywood Raphaëlle D. , Giles Helen A. C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Accurately modeling effects from stellar activity is a key step in detecting radial velocity (RV) signals of low-mass and long-period exoplanets. RVs from stellar activity are dominated by magnetic active regions that move in and out of sight as the star rotates, producing signals with timescales related to the stellar rotation period. Methods to characterize RV periodograms assume that peaks from magnetic active regions will typically occur at the stellar rotation period or a related harmonic. However, with surface features unevenly spaced and evolving over time, signals from magnetic activity are not perfectly periodic, and the effectiveness of characterizing them with sine curves is unconfirmed. With a series of simulations, we perform the first test of common assumptions about signals from magnetic active regions in RV periodograms. We simulate RVs with quasi-periodic signals that account for evolution and migration of magnetic surface features. As test cases, we apply our analysis to two exoplanet hosts, Kepler-20 and K2-131. Simulating observing schedules and uncertainties of real RV surveys, we find that magnetic active regions commonly produce maximum periodogram peaks at spurious periods unrelated to the stellar rotation period: 81% and 72% of peaks, respectively, for K2-131 and Kepler-20. These unexpected peaks can potentially lead to inaccuracies in derived planet masses. We also find that these spurious peaks can sometimes survive multiple seasons of observation, imitating signals typically attributed to exoplanet companions.
Importance of Giant Impact Ejecta for Orbits of Planets Formed during the Giant Impact Era
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Isoya Kazuhide , Sato Yutaro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Terrestrial planets are believed to be formed via giant impacts of Mars-sized protoplanets. Planets formed via giant impacts have highly eccentric orbits. A swarm of planetesimals around the planets may lead to eccentricity damping for the planets via the equipartition of random energies (dynamical friction). However, dynamical friction increases eccentricities of planetesimals, resulting in high velocity collisions between planetesimals. The collisional cascade grinds planetesimals to dust until dust grains are blown out due to radiation pressure. Therefore, the total mass of planetesimals decreases due to collisional fragmentation, which weakens dynamical friction. We investigate the orbital evolution of protoplanets in a planetesimal disk, taking into account collisional fragmentation of planetesimals. For 100 km sized or smaller planetesimals, dynamical friction is insignificant for eccentricity damping of planets because of collisional fragmentation. On the other hand, giant impacts eject collisional fragments. Although the total mass of giant impact ejecta is 0.1–0.3 Earth masses, the largest impact ejecta are ∼1000 km in size. We also investigate the orbital evolution of single planets with initial eccentricities of 0.1 in a swarm of such giant impact ejecta. Although the total mass of giant impact ejecta decreases by a factor of 3 in 30 Myr, eccentricities of planets are damped down to the Earth level (∼0.01) due to interaction with giant impact ejecta. Therefore, giant impact ejecta play an important role for determination of terrestrial planet orbits.
Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies: Specific Star Formation Rate versus Metallicity
Authors: Björnsson Gunnlaugur 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The observed properties of long gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies show them to often be of a rather low metallicity and/or of high specific star formation rate (SFR). It is not clear which of these properties is a dominant factor in determining if a galaxy will host a GRB or not. In fact there are indications, at least in the local universe, that the two may be anticorrelated and that the metallicity is the deciding parameter. Here, we consider GRB production models dependent on both quantities and show that when compared to the best available data, the respective star formation fractions appear indistinguishable out to a redshift of z ∼ 4. However, the fraction of galaxies hosting a GRB, as determined by the specific SFR, is less at tension with the observed host galaxy fraction than the corresponding metallicity determined fraction, but this conclusion is model dependent. Well established galaxy stellar mass and star formation rate functions at high redshift are crucial in breaking the apparent degeneracy between the specific rate and metallicity in GRB production probability.
Stochastic Chemical Evolution of Radioactive Isotopes with a Monte Carlo Approach
Authors: Côté Benoit , Yagüe Andrés , Világos Blanka , Lugaro Maria 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Short-lived radionuclides (SLRs) with mean lives τ of a few to hundreds of Myr provide unique opportunities to probe recent nucleosynthesis events in the interstellar medium and the physical conditions in which the Sun formed. Here we quantify the uncertainty in the predicted evolution of SLRs within a parcel of interstellar gas given the stochastic nature of stellar enrichment events. We assume that an enrichment progenitor is formed at every time interval γ. For each progenitor, we randomly sample the delay time between its formation and its enrichment event, based on several delay-time distribution (DTD) functions that cover a wide range of astrophysical sites. For each set of τ, γ, and DTD functions, we follow the abundances of SLRs for 15 Gyr and repeat this process thousands of times to derive their probability distributions. For τ/γ ≳ 2, the distributions depend on the DTD function, and we provide tabulated values and analytical expressions to quantify the spread. The relative abundance uncertainty reaches a maximum of ∼60% for τ/γ = 1. For τ/γ ≲ 1, we provide the probability for the SLR abundance to carry the signature of only one enrichment event, which is greater than 50% when τ/γ ≲ 0.3. For 0.3 ≲ τ/γ ≲ 2, a small number of events contributed to the SLR abundance. This case needs to be investigated with a separate statistical method. We find that an isolation time for the birth of the Sun of roughly 9–13 Myr is consistent with the observed abundances of 60Fe, 107Pd, and 182Hf in the early solar system when assuming τ/γ ∼ 3 for these isotopes.
Spectropolarimetric Insight into Plasma Sheet Dynamics of a Solar Flare
Authors: French Ryan J. , Judge Philip G. , Matthews Sarah A. , Driel-Gesztelyi Lidia van 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We examine spectropolarimetric data from the Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter (CoMP) instrument, acquired during the evolution of the 2017 September 10 X8.2 solar flare on the western solar limb. CoMP captured linearly polarized light from two emission lines of Fe xiii at 1074.7 and 1079.8 nm, from 1.03 to 1.5 solar radii. We focus here on the hot plasma sheet lying above the bright flare loops and beneath the ejected coronal mass ejection. The polarization has a striking and coherent spatial structure, with unexpectedly small polarization aligned with the plasma sheet. By elimination, we find that small-scale magnetic field structure is needed to cause such significant depolarization, and suggest that plasmoid formation during reconnection (associated with the tearing-mode instability) creates magnetic structure on scales below instrument resolution of 6 Mm. We conclude that polarization measurements with new coronagraphs, such as the upcoming Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope, will further enhance our understanding of magnetic reconnection and development of turbulence in the solar corona.
Mapeamento das pesquisas envolvendo as temáticas livro didático digital e ambiente virtual como mídia alternativa ao livro didático, nos periódicos Qualis A nacionais de ensino no período 2008-2017
Authors: Pereira Geraldo Henrique Alves , Schimiguel Juliano , Palanch Wagner Barbosa de Lima 
Published: December 2019

Este texto apresenta o mapeamento de artigos científicos que, na última década, trataram das temáticas Livro Didático Digital e Ambiente Virtual como mídia alternativa ao livro didático, visando responder à questão: qual a produção dos principais veículos de divulgação científica da área de Ensino nessas temáticas? Tendo como justificativa o início do aporte teórico que o projeto de pesquisa de Doutorado do primeiro autor precisa para se consolidar, o estudo objetivou agregar significado científico, viabilidade de pesquisa e mérito acadêmico às primeiras pretensões do doutorando. Partindo de estudos preliminares de alguns teóricos, este estudo reúne características de algumas opções digitais frente ao livro didático tradicional. Tomando a Análise de Conteúdo como ferramenta metodológica, analisaram-se os trinta artigos catalogados, definindo unidades de registro e contexto que subsidiaram os resultados apresentados a partir da discussão das principais confluências e distanciamentos. Finalmente, apresentaram-se considerações quanto à incipiência dos estudos relacionados às temáticas.
Shrews (Soricidae) of the lowland forests around Kisangani (DR Congo)
Authors: Van de Perre Frederik , Leirs Herwig , Cigar Julien , Gambalemoke Mbalitini Sylvestre , Mukinzi Itoka Jean-Claude , Verheyen Erik 
Published: December 2019

The Congo Basin rainforest is the second largest rainforest in the world and one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth. Nevertheless, the Congo Basin biodiversity remains to be fully mapped, with many species awaiting discovery or official description. In recent years, much effort has been put into research on shrews (Soricidae), particularly in the region around Kisangani (D.R. Congo). Shrews are opportunistic feeders that are able to forage on a large diversity of invertebrate prey and therefore play an important role in the forest ecosystem. Furthermore, as they largely depend on forest habitats and have limited dispersal capacities, shrews form an interesting model group to study biogeographic patterns in the Congo Basin.
This paper collates the efforts on shrew research from the wider region around Kisangani, in the centre of the Congo Basin. Apart from sampling information, the dataset includes morphological measures, DNA sequences and photographs. This dataset is therefore critical in the study of the taxonomy and ecology of Soricidae in the Congo Basin lowland rainforests.
Réseau, Processus, Cadre
Authors: Clit Radu 
Published: December 2019

La complexité du travail en réseau sera discutée à partir de deux situations d’enfants placés en institution éducative, ce qui suppose la collaboration avec la tutelle et les institutions de soins. Dans le premier cas, il s’agit un garçon à comportement violent, dont la situation s’améliore, finalement, il est placé en famille d’accueil. Dans la deuxième situation, c’est une fille qui relève du syndrome d’aliénation parentale : les parents sont divorcés, le père a la garde, l’enfant l’accuse d’attouchements sexuels, sans que ce soit confirmé. Le conflit entre parents se rejoue entre foyer et tutelle, par rapport à la prise en charge thérapeutique de l’enfant. Dans les deux cas, il y a un processus particulier qui sera analysé en rapport avec le cadre du réseau. Dans le premier, une finalité fut possible, dans le deuxième, il y a une décision de justice discutable, malgré des réunions de concertation. Le processus est compris par rapport au cadre transsubjectif du réseau.
An Injectable Calcium Sulfate-Based Bone Graft Putty Using Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose as the Plasticizer
Authors: Urban Robert M , Turner Thomas M , Hall Deborah J , Infanger Susan I , Cheema Naveed , Lim Tae-Hong , Richelsoph Kelly 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The addition of a plasticizer to synthetic bone graft substitutes can improve handling characteristics, injectability, and the ability to uniformly fill defects. Restoration of large medullary bone defects using an injectable calcium sulfate-based putty using hydroxypropylmethylcellose as the plasticizer was compared to conventional calcium sulfate paste in a canine model. Beginning 2 weeks following implantation, serial clinical and specimen radiographs demonstrated a similar progressive resorption of the implanted materials and replacement with new bone for both the putty and paste forms of calcium sulfate. The area fraction of new bone and remaining implant material in bone defects treated with the putty were not significantly different from defects treated with conventional calcium sulfate paste after ? 3 and 26 weeks. In addition to its handling characteristics, the putty was biocompatible and as effective as conventional calcium sulfate paste in achieving substantial bony restoration of a large, critical-size bone defect.
Cellular Interactions and Bone Healing Responses to a Novel Porous Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Craft Material
Authors: Fredericks Douglas C , Bobst John A , Petersen Emily B , Nepola James V , Dennis James E , Caplan Arnold I , Burgess Ann V , Overby Robyn J , Schulz Olaf H 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe use of a porous tricalcium phosphate bone void filler (Cellplex TCP, Wright Medical Technology, Ine, Arlington, Tenn) as an alternative to autograft in bone grafting was studied in benchtop, in vitro cell culture, and in vivo preclinical studies. The experimental design included material property quantification, scaffold seeding with mesenchymal stem cells, and implantation in a rabbit segmental defect model. Measured material properties denoted appropriate composition, porosity, and strengths as compared to the literature. Fluid uptake studies and mesenchymal stem cell affinity revealed the scaffold's capabilities as a suitable host for osteoprogenitor cells. In a 1 -cm rabbit diaphyseal segmental defect stabilized with an external fixator, tricalcium phosphate was compared to intact autograft, crushed autograft, and open defects. Torsional strengths and stiffnesses of tricalcium phosphatetreated tibia were greater than or equivalent to both intact and crushed autograft controls. Tricalcium phosphate pores exhibited complete bony infiltration histologically. Collectively, the tricalcium phosphate material properties, cell seeding capabilities, and in vivo biological responses give evidence of this implant's functionality as a potential alternative for autograft.
Trochanteric Osteotomy for Incarcerated Hip Dislocation Due to Interposed Posterior Wall Fragments
Authors: Anglen Jeffrey O , Hughes Michael 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A series of 12 patients was retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the use of sliding trochanteric osteotomy for reduction of hip dislocations that were irreducible due to interposed posterior wall fragments. Compared to similar patients who did not have irreducible dislocation or trochanteric osteotomy, the 12 patients had significantly longer operations with more blood loss. Patients with osteotomy tended toward a higher incidence of posttraumatic arthritis, but Harris hip scores at 2 years were identical to matched comparisons. No adverse effects of trochanteric osteotomy were identified.
Roughness of Excimer Laser Ablated Corneas With and Without Smoothing Measured With Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Lombardo Marco , De Santo Maria P , Lombardo Giuseppe , Barberi Riccardo , Serrao Sebastiano 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To analyze the surface roughness of porcine corneas after excimer laser ablation with and without the smoothing procedure by means of atomic force microscopy.
METHODS: Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) was performed on eight porcine corneas. Immediately following the procedure, smoothing was performed on four corneas using a viscous solution of 0.25% sodium hyaluronate. The corneas were examined in balanced salt solution after fixation in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution using atomic force microscopy. Quantitative analysis of the ablated stromal surface topography was performed using the section analysis module of the atomic force microscopy software. Repeated measurements were made over small areas (^50 ?im2) near the center of each ablation, with a vertical resolution of <1 nm.
RESULTS: Images of the ablated stromal surface showed undulations and granule-like features on the ablated surface of the specimens. The specimens on which the smoothing procedure was performed (rootmean-square [RMS] rough: 0.152 ?0.014 ???) were more regular (P<.001) than those on which PRK alone was performed (RMS rough: 0.229?0.018?im).
CONCLUSIONS: Atomic force microscopy analysis requires a simpler preparation of the specimens with respect to that necessary for scanning electron microscopy; for this reason, atomic force microscopy techniques are more reliable for the study of biological surfaces and prove to be a feasible method to establish the differences when comparing different laser techniques. Our investigations highlight that although the laser cut of scanning-spot excimer laser systems is precise in removing even the smallest amounts of tissue, the smoothing technique may still be useful to reduce post-ablation roughness. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:469-475.]
Dynamic Visual Stimulus Presentation in an Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope
Authors: Poonja Siddharth , Patel Saumil , Henry Luis , Roorda Austin 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To demonstrate the technology and application of synchronized laser modulation in the adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO), which makes it possible to deliver adaptive optics (AO) corrected stimuli to the retina of a living eye and to record the precise retinal location where the stimulus has landed.
METHODS: The modification involves the development of custom software to control a high frequency pixel clock and a waveform generator board in synchrony with the scanning mirrors. The experiment involves a measurement of visual acuity with and without aberrations correction with AO.
RESULTS: The system can project stimuli at a frame rate of 30 Hz with high sampling resolution (7.5 seconds of arc), thereby limiting the quality of the retinal image to the level of AO correction. Visual acuity in six subjects is improved on average by 33% after aberration correction across a 5.89-mm pupil.
CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic visual stimulus presentation in an AOSLO works effectively and expands the scope of AOSLO applications. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:S575-S580.]
Optimized Prolate Ablations With the NIDEK CXII Excimer Laser
Authors: Hollady Jack T , Bains Harkaran S 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To describe a novel excimer laser ablation algorithm, termed optimized prolate ablation (OPA), that uses both topography and ocular aberrometry and maintains or improves the natural corneal shape postoperatively.
METHODS: A descriptive article outlining the theory behind this ORA algorithm.
RESULTS: The theoretical changes to the ablation algorithm described in this article will produce a prolate cornea postoperatively.
CONCLUSIONS: OPA treated eyes will have equal or better visual quality than preoperatively because agerelated changes from lenticular spherical aberration are measured and treated. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21(Suppl): S595-S597.
Comparison of NIDEK CATz Wavefront-guided LASIK to Traditional LASIK With the NIDEK CXII Excimer Laser in Myopia
Authors: He Rui , Qu Min , Yu Shun 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the visual and refractive outcomes in myopic LASIK between wavefront-guided and traditional treatment.
METHODS: The study included 162 eyes of 81 myopic patients undergoing LASIK by one surgeon. The right eye of each patient underwent customized LASIK with the NIDEK NAVEX laser system (NIDEK, Gamagori, Japan) (study group); the left eye of each patient underwent traditional LASIK with the NIDEK CXII excimer laser system (control group).
RESULTS: No significant differences were noted in refractive error, uncorrected visual acuity, and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity after surgery between the two groups (t test, P > .05). Postoperatively, 3.7% of patients in the study group reported glare, which was significantly lower than 12.4% in the control group (chi-square test, .01 < P < .05). Higher order aberrations increased after surgery in both groups, but less increase was noted in patients in the study group. A statistically significant reduction was noted in the postoperative increase of Zernike coefficients C7, C8, and C12 in the study group compared to the control group (t test, P < .05).
CONCLUSIONS: Customized LASIK significantly reduces the rate of postoperative glare and induction of higher order aberrations compared to traditional LASIK. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21(Suppl):S646-S649.]
Conductive Keratoplasty for the Correction of Residual Hyperopia After LASIK
Authors: Alió Jorge L , Ramzy Mohamed I , Galal Ahmed , Claramonte Pascual J 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the 6-month results concerning efficacy, safety, predictability, and stability of conductive keratoplasty for the correction of residual hyperopia after corneal refractive surgery.
METHODS: A total of 35 eyes (26 patients) with residual hyperopia after corneal refractive surgery ranging between +1.00 to +4.75 diopters (D) of spherical equivalent refraction were enrolled in the study and underwent conductive keratoplasty following a modified nomogram.
RESULTS: Variables and data were available for all eyes at 6 months postoperatively. A total of 24 (69%) eyes had uncorrected visual acuity (UCYA) of ≥20/40, and 10 (29%) eyes had UCVA of 20/20. Manifest refractive spherical equivalent was within ±0.50 D in 17 (49%) eyes and within ±1.00 D in 25 (71%) eyes in cases of previous hyperopic LASIK; the optical zone was significantly increased.
CONCLUSIONS: Using a modified nomogram, conductive keratoplasty for correction of residual hyperopia was effective, but predictability was not satisfactory and safety needs to be established. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:698-704.]