bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasilocal mass in scalar–tensor gravity: spherical symmetry
Authors: Giusti Andrea , Faraoni Valerio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A recent generalization of the Hawking–Hayward quasilocal energy to scalar–tensor gravity is adapted to general spherically symmetric geometries. It is then applied to several black hole and other spherical solutions of scalar–tensor and

f

(

R

)

gravity. The relations of this quasilocal energy with the Abreu–Nielsen–Visser gauge and the Kodama vector are discussed.
Soft-sensing reconstruction of in-depth defect geometry from active IR-thermography data
Authors: Castellini P , Martarelli M , D’Antuono A , Paone N 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a new approach for processing measured data from active Infra Red (IR) thermography, where a soft sensing algorithm is exploited for in depth defect reconstruction. This is achieved by propagating the information gathered at the wall surface to the inner layers. Correlating the experimental 2D measurements to a Finite Element (FE) model of the tested specimen it is possible to update the model with the measured data and change the geometry of the simulated inner defect, until the surface temperature distribution calculated corresponds to the measured one. Following that strategy, the unknown defect geometry can be determined. The method developed and presented in this paper consists of an optimization problem based on the minimization of the difference between the surface temperature distribution measured on the sample subjected to an active thermography test and the one resulting from the FE model. The optimization variables are the geometrical parameters (depth, width, thickness and position) characterizing the defect which will be fully determined at the complete convergence, within a given tolerance, of the optimization problem. The method includes also a preprocessing algorithm, based on the same experimental data and FE model, which allows to determine thermal and mechanical properties of the object under test, like surface emissivity, heat capacity and material conductivity and density, which are often unknown especially in the case of works of art. This soft-sensing procedure has been applied to a virtual experiment to estimate the accuracy of the reconstructed geometry and to a simulacrum of ancient fresco including defects realized on purpose.
Mechanical characteristics of metal nanoparticle thin film on flexible substrate exposed to saline solution
Authors: Kim Sanghyeok , Park Jaeho , Lee Jinjae , Kim Jae-Hyun , Ryu Seunghwa , Park Inkyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The robust and reliable mechanical characteristics of metal nanoparticle (NP) thin films on flexible substrates are important because they operate under tensile, bending, and twisting loads. Furthermore, in wearable printed electronics applications, salty solutions such as sweat and seawater can affect the mechanical reliabilities of devices. In this paper, we investigated the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions on silver (Ag) NP thin films on flexible polymer substrate. After exposure to NaCl solution of Ag NP thin film, we observed the aggregation behavior between Ag NPs and formation of larger pores in the film due to the removal of organic capping layer from the surface of Ag NPs. The average porosity and 5% deviation strains of Ag NP thin films on the polyimide substrate were dramatically increased and decreased from 2.99% to 9.64% and from 3.94% to 0.87%, respectively, after exposure to NaCl solution for 1 h. Also, we verified a drastic deterioration of the surface adhesion of the Ag NP thin film to the substrate by exposure to NaCl solution. We could observe crack propagation and delamination by in-situ scanning electron microscope imaging. In addition, passivation effect by a parylene layer for preventing the permeation of the saline solution was investigated.
Investigations of positive streamers as quasi-steady structures using reduced order models
Authors: Pavan C , Martinez-Sanchez M , Guerra-Garcia C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Single streamers are currently well simulated using detailed computational models. Most of these models are inhibitively complex to use for modelling many-streamer interactions in a streamer corona. This work develops reduced order models of single positive streamers in atmospheric pressure air that replicate the core macroscopic behaviour of detailed models while using a simpler physics representation. Models are developed using the 1.5D framework, with emphasis placed on solving the equations of motion in the streamer reference frame. The solution in this quasi-steady frame is shown to be a good representation of the instantaneous state of the streamer. Finally, a method of uniquely characterizing the instantaneous state of a streamer using its macroscopic parameters (velocity, radius, tip electric field and channel electric field) is developed. This characterization is interpreted graphically, with streamers treated as quasi-steady structures which evolve in time at a rate much slower than the time scale of electron transport. Previous work in the literature is shown to be well captured by this interpretation.
Path restriction and speed regulation via force feedback-type welding teaching device using magnetorheological brakes
Authors: Okui Manabu , Sugibayashi Soichiro , Suzuki Ryuji , Nakamura Taro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Welding is one of the forms of nonautomated, heavy labor used in the shipbuilding industry. In the shipbuilding process, the hull is first welded by an industrial automatic welding machine, then irregular welded part correction and welding in narrow places that machines cannot reach are performed by welding workers. Welding operators are required to weld indeterminate objects in narrow working spaces. In addition, it is difficult to perform high-quality welding because the ability to accurately trace a welding line at a constant speed requires a long training period. In this research, a welding training device that assists trainees in skill acquisition was developed. The proposed device, which comprises two magnetorheological (MR) brakes, renders a welding path and restricts welding speed. The MR brakes have a response speed comparable to that of powder brakes, have a high output-to-weight ratio, and are also considered to be suitable for use in welding training devices. A prototype and control strategy were developed, and the performance of the device in actual welding work was evaluated. Results shows that path rendering strategy is possible to present routes with an accuracy of 1 mm or better and speed control strategy can regulate the speed required for welding.
Surface plasmon enhanced fast electron emission from metallised fibre optic nanotips
Authors: Keramati Sam , Passian Ali , Khullar Vineet , Beck Joshua , Uiterwaal Cornelis , Batelaan Herman 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Physical mechanisms of electron emission from fibre optic nanotips, namely, tunnelling, multi-photon, and thermionic emission, either prevent fast switching or require intense laser fields. Time-resolved electron emission from nano-sized sources finds applications ranging from material characterisation to fundamental studies of quantum coherence. We present a nano-sized electron source capable of fast-switching (⩽1 ns) that can be driven with low-power femtosecond lasers. The physical mechanism that can explain emission at low laser power is surface plasmon enhanced above-threshold photoemission. An electron emission peak is observed and provides support for resonant plasmonic excitation. The electron source is a metal-coated optical fibre tapered into a nano-sized tip. The fibre is flexible and back illuminated facilitating ease of positioning. The source operates with a few nJ per laser pulse, making this a versatile emitter that enables nanometrology, multisource electron-lithography and scanning probe microscopy.
One-step fabrication of chitosan sponge and its potential for rapid hemostasis in deep trauma
Authors: Fan Xialian , Li Mengya , Li Na , Wan Guangming , Li Yijin , Ali Muhammad Amir , Tang Keyong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a facile and efficient preparation strategy for a porous and hydrophilic chitosan sponge is demonstrated, combining a surfactant and a pore-foaming agent. The resulting chitosan sponge possesses an interconnected pore structure and soft texture, exhibits fast water absorption rate and capacity, and the compressed sponge can achieve full shape recovery 5 s after absorbing water. Moreover, our process removes the residual acid commonly found in chitosan sponges prepared by the acid method. In addition, the results demonstrate the useful characteristics of our chitosan sponge, in terms of its contribution to improved blood coagulation, together with its compression strength and biocompatibility. It also demonstrates effective antibacterial properties in relation to both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Further testing via animal experimentation reveals that rapid hemostasis can be achieved within 50 s using our chitosan sponge.
‘Will the Paris Agreement protect us from hydro-meteorological extremes?’
Authors: Farinosi F , Dosio A , Calliari E , Seliger R , Alfieri L , Naumann G 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Multi-hazard assessment is needed to understand compound risk. Yet, modelling of multiple climate hazards has been limitedly applied at the global scale to date. Here we provide a first comprehensive assessment of global population exposure to hydro-meteorological extremes—floods, drought and heatwaves—under different temperature increase targets. This study shows how limiting temperature increase to 1.5 and 2 °C, as for the goals of the Paris Agreement, could substantially decrease the share of global population exposed compared to a 3 °C scenario. In a 2 °C world, population exposure would drop by more than 50%, in Africa, Asia and the Americas, and by about 40% in Europe and Oceania. A 1.5 °C stabilization would further reduce exposure of about an additional 10% to 30% across the globe. As the Parties of the Paris Agreement are expected to communicate new or updated nationally determined contributions by 2020, our results powerfully indicate the benefits of ratcheting up both mitigation and adaptation ambition.
Identification of profiles of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath by means of an electronic nose as a proposal for a screening method for breast cancer: a case-control study
Authors: Díaz de León-Martínez Lorena , Rodríguez-Aguilar Maribel , Gorocica-Rosete Patricia , Domínguez-Reyes Carlos Alberto , Martínez-Bustos Verónica , Tenorio-Torres Juan Alberto , Ornelas-Rebolledo Omar , Cruz-Ramos José Alfonso , Balderas-Segura Berenice , Flores-Ramírez Rogelio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to identify volatile prints from exhaled breath, termed breath-print, from breast cancer (BC) patients and healthy women by means of an electronic nose and to evaluate its potential use as a screening method. A cross-sectional study was performed on 443 exhaled breath samples from women, of whom 262 had been diagnosed with BC by biopsy and 181 were healthy women (control group). Breath-print analysis was performed utilizing the Cyranose 320 electronic nose. Group data were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA), canonical discriminant analysis (CDA), and support vector machine (SVM), and the test’s diagnostic power was evaluated by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The results obtained using the model generated from the CDA, which best describes the behavior of the assessed groups, indicated that the breath-print of BC patients was different from that of healthy women and that they presented with a variability of up to 98.8% and a correct classification of 98%. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value reached 100% according to the ROC curve. The present study demonstrates the capability of the electronic nose to separate between healthy subjects and BC patients. This research could have a beneficial impact on clinical practice as we consider that this test could probably be used at the first point before the application of established gold tests (mammography, ultrasound, and biopsy) and substantially improve screening tests in the general population.
Visitor perspectives and satisfaction index towards ecotourism potential in the Leang-Leang Prehistoric Park, Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park
Authors: Asrianny  , Soekmadi Rinekso , Darusman Dudung , Susilo Arifin Hadi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Leang-Leang prehistoric park is one of four leading destinations in Bantimurung Bulusarung National Park, however, the evaluation of visitor perspectives and satisfaction index in this site were still limited. This study aimed to analyze the importance-performance analysis based on visitor perspectives and to assess visitor satisfaction index in the Leang-Leang destination. Fifty people selected through convenience sampling method were involved as respondents. Consumer perspective assessment was focused on 33 ecotourism potential subcomponents and the scoring method referred to Likert scale, prior to group into the IPA matrix/Cartesian diagram. The visitor satisfaction assessment was calculated based on the formula of customer satisfaction index. The result showed that there were 7 ecotourism potential subcomponents that need to be prioritized by managerial team, i.e local cultural arts, guide and interpreter, public lavatory, garbage dump, rest area, security facility (tourist police) and shopping facility. Flora attraction, panorama, specific attraction, historical heritage, hospitality of local people, the easiness access to locations, the easiness access to get information about the distance from the nearest city, brochures, maps or other directions, clean water availability, service, care and skill of human resource had been already in the good condition, so keep up the good work. Fauna attraction, local traditions and customs, festival, carvings and crafts, local food, homestay, hotel, camping ground, the easiness access to get transportation, telephone, faximile or internet and health facility were included in low priority subcomponents. Moreover, cultural landscape, local people daily life and transportation costs were categorized as possible overkill subcomponent. The score of visitor satisfaction index was 55.57 and categorized as a moderate satisfaction level.
Seasonal and Spatial Variation of Ciliate Abundance in Lake Lanao along Wato-Balindong, Lanao Del Sur, Philippines
Authors: Abamo F , Cosain H , Abato J , Disoma C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ciliated protozoans are one-celled eukaryotes characterized by hair-like structures called cilia. Ciliate abundance has been used as bioindicators of organic pollution in a freshwater system. This study was conducted to determine the spatio-temporal variation of ciliate abundance in Lake Lanao, Philippines, along Wato-Balindong’s littoral and pelagic zones during dry (May 2018) and wet (August 2018) seasons. It intended to assess the trophic state of the lake based on planktonic ciliate abundance. In each zone, three sites were sampled for ciliates using a conical plankton net. The ciliates were fixed with formalin-acidified logul’s Iodine for microscopic observation and counting. Spatially, the data on ciliate abundance did not vary between littoral and pelagic zones. However, it did vary significantly between seasons; ciliates had higher abundance in the wet season than in the dry season. This variation could be attributed to a possible increase of nitrogen and phosphorus washed into the lake by rain. Bioindication using ciliate abundance revealed that Lake Lanao in Wato-Balindong is ultraoligotrophic, i.e., the lake is pristine, well-oxygenated and low in nutrients during sampling.
Seismic hazard microzonation of ground response parameters in Bengkulu City, Indonesia
Authors: Mase L Z , Agustina S , Anggraini P W 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the seismic hazard microzonation of ground motion parameters on the basis of earthquakes events in Bengkulu City. Geotechnical site investigation and geophysical survey were performed in Bengkulu City. Furthermore, data were used to observe the geological condition. The local seismic design code for soft soil was used to generate spectral acceleration, which was later used as the scaling factor to generate ground motion for earthquake simulation. One-dimensional seismic ground response analysis was conducted to simulate earthquake wave propagating through soil layers. Several parameters, such as peak ground acceleration (PGA), spectral accelerations (SA) at 0.2 s and 1 s, and seismic wave amplification factor were observed. Those parameters were also depicted in seismic microzonation maps and addressed to identify potential impact during the earthquake. The results showed that the possibility of structural building responses along coastal area of Bengkulu City is relatively high. Therefore, a local seismic design code is important to propose as the alternative for reliable seismic design code. In general, the results of this study could give a recommendation to local government to consider seismic resistance design for buildings in Bengkulu City.
Urban forest development at landside of Hang Nadim Batam Airport based on the microclimate and noise study
Authors: Saninah T N , Rushayati S B , Hermawan R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The landside of Hang Nadim Batam Airport can be adapted to urban forests to reduce emissions, stabilize the microclimate, and reduce noise. The purpose of this research are to study the microclimate and noise around the Hang Nadim Batam Airport, and develop landside based on the condition of the airport urban forest. Research was conducted on April, 8th-15th 2019 based on the density of vegetation. Location determining, characteristics of trees and leaf area index, air temperature and humidity, and noise were used as the methods of this research. The factors that analyzed by this research were NDVI, tree profile diagrams, LAI, air temperature and humidity, thermal humidity, and noise. The result showed that there were 55 trees of 11 species from 6 families. The profile diagram showed the densest vegetation was at point F, one of the points of measurements with dense vegetation category, seen by horizontally and vertically. The highest air temperature and thermal humidity was at point E and the lowest was at point F. The highest humidity was at point F and the lowest was at point E. The highest noise was at rare vegetation and the lowest was at dense vegetation. Landside development needs to look at ecology, technical, and aesthetic.
Accuracy testing of Wolf von Wulfing stand table in estimating teak stand volume
Authors: Rahmani T A , Kristiantoro F , Prihanto B , Muhdin  
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Wolf von Wulfing (WvW) stand table made in 1932 is commonly used to estimate the volume of teak stands at a certain class of site quality (bonita) and age. A state forest enterprise(Perum Perhutani)usually uses the WvW table to estimate the volume of stands at the end of the cutting cycle or in other words used to determine the annual allowable cut (AAC). The accuracy level of estimated stand volume using WvW table still needs to be tested. This study aims to test the accuracy of the Wolf von Wulfing stand table in estimating the volume of teak stands(Tectona grandis),using measurement results data on teak stands in the Forest Management Unit (FMU) of Ciamis (West Java) and Randublatung (Central Java). We conducted an analysis by comparing the stand volume using the WvW table with the stand volume obtained using the local volume table (TVL) that already available in each study location. Data analysis was performed using simple linear regression: Y = (30+|31X; X = Volume WvW; Y = Volume TVL. Regression analysis results showed that the relationship between Volume WvW (X) and Volume TVL (Y), expressed through the equation of Y = -2.83 + 0.88X, with the value of R2adj=0.94. Hypothesis testing results on the value of (30 and (31, states that the value of (30=0 and (31^1, so that it can be concluded that the alleged results with the WvW table are overestimating. Alleged overestimate results can cause overcutting so that forest management is not sustainable.
Manipulator for upper limbs rehabilitation-ROBCO ®
Authors: Chivarov Nayden , Chikurtev Denis 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article presents a manipulator for upper limbs rehabilitation Robco ®. The manipulator will be able to allow rehabilitation of the shoulder, elbow and wrist. Manipulator’s hardware, software and web-based user interface have been researched and developed to allow the required functions and properties for rehabilitation procedures. Usability experiments have been performed to investigate the functionalities. The results demonstrate precise positioning and repeatability. Finally, we can conclude that the rehabilitation of upper limbs can be robotized, which will reduce time and costs of the rehabilitation procedures.
Expert estimation of leakage losses in the pneumatic systems in the bottling industry
Authors: Kosturkov R D , Nachev V G , Titova T P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
By eliminating leaks in compressed air systems in manufacturing plants, up to 50% of energy can be saved. With a well-designed inspection and maintenance plan, eliminating the majority of leaks can be a routine and effective practice. This paper describes the results of a pneumatic leakage audits in manufacturing facilities from the bottling industry in Bulgaria. The results are analyzed and are defined major groups elements of the pneumatic system, which can be potential sources of leakage leading to significant losses of compressed air and determining energy efficiency in the production.
Route map for renewable energy sources implementation for household in Bulgaria
Authors: Gospodinova Dilyana , Milanov Kostadin , Dineff Peter 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the design of a hybrid household system, located in the city of Sofia with the possibility of grid connection. It is comprised of photovoltaic (PV) arrays, wind generator and battery energy storage devices. A multi-objective, non-derivative optimisation is considered in this residential application; the primary objective is the system cost minimisation. The commercial software, HOMER Pro, is utilised to identify the least-cost design among hundreds of options. This paper discusses suitability of renewable energy (RE) applied in one-family household according socio-economic situation in Bulgaria. Finally, a route map of RES implementation options is presented, and economic indicators such as Total net presents cost (NPC), Cost of Energy (COE) and RES fraction are assessed.
Study of a linear generator with permanent magnets converting sea wave energy into electricity
Authors: Georgiev N P , Raychev R P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the output electrical parameters of a linear generator with permanent magnets without an iron core for three types of electrical connection of its windings. Software simulations have been performed by means of ANSYS 2019 R1 and FEMM, and experimental studies of the linear generator have been carried out. A model has been obtained, which simulates the operation of the generator under study with good level of precision. The optimal scheme of connecting the generator windings, which is suitable for practical realization, has been determined.