bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wheat Variety Improvement for Climate Resilience
Authors: Puri Ramesh Raj , Tripathi Santosh , Bhattarai Rudra , Dangi Sangharash Raj , Pandey Deepak 
Published: July 2020

High temperature stress unfavorably affects plant growth and reduces grain yield (GY). This study was conducted with an aim to identify the terminal heat tolerance of one hundred and two wheat genotypes with three checks. They were sown under normal (non-stress) and late (stress) conditions at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Tarahara; RARS, Nepalgunj and National Wheat Research Program (NWRP), Bhairahawa, Nepal. The trial was sown in Augmented design during 2014/15 winter season as a Nepal heat tolerance wheat screening nursery (NHTWSN). Grain yield, maturity, stress susceptibility and tolerant indices were estimated to assess the heat tolerance of the genotypes. Combined analysis among the tested wheat lines (102 new entries + 3 checks) showed that KACHU//KIRITATI/WBLL1 ((Heat tolerance index (HTI) = 1.78) possessed the highest level of heat tolerance, followed by SLVS /3/ CROC_1/ AE.SQUARROSA (224)// OPATA/5/ VEE/LIRA//BOW/3/BCN/4/KAUZ/6/ 2*KA/NAC//TRCH (HTI=1.57) while SUP152/VILLA JUAREZ F2009 (HTI=0.83) appeared to be the least heat tolerant. Correlation analysis showed that yield under stress environment had positive (r=0.083) and significant (p<0.05) association with that of non-stress environment. Grain yield (Kg/ha) under both environments had significant positive correlation with mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and HTI. Thirty seven wheat genotypes possessing heat tolerance will be considered in further heat tolerance trial and can also be used directly in varietal development and in the crossing program to breed more heat tolerant genotypes.
Extremum seeking control of nonlinear dynamic systems using Lie bracket approximations
Authors: Grushkovskaya Victoria , Ebenbauer Christian 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this article, we consider extremum seeking problems for a general class of nonlinear dynamic control systems. The main result of the article is a broad family of control laws which optimize the steady‐state performance of the system. We prove practical asymptotic stability of the optimal steady‐state and, moreover, propose sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability in the sense of Lyapunov. The results generalize and extend existing results which are based on Lie bracket approximations. In particular, our approach does not rely on singular perturbation theory, as commonly used in extremum seeking of nonlinear dynamic systems.
Large‐Area Alignment of Supramolecular Columns by Photothermal Laser Writing
Authors: Park Kangho , Jin Hyeong Min , Kwon Kiok , Kim Jang Hwan , Yun Haeju , Han Kyu Hyo , Yun Taeyeong , Kim Sang Ouk , Jung Hee‐Tae 
Published: July 2020

AbstractControlling the orientation of highly periodic supramolecular structures of small feature size (<5 nm) is the first step for potential applications in optoelectronics, membranes, and template synthesis. A new method, namely, laser photothermal writing, is introduced to direct the orientation of supramolecular columns over a large area. Supramolecular columns consisting of taper‐shaped molecules with long aliphatic tail groups are aligned by a thermal gradient, which is induced by exposing a near‐infrared laser beam to a graphene photothermal conversion layer. Intriguingly, the orientation of the supramolecular columns can be controlled in a facile manner by varying the laser scanning velocity and power. In contrast to previous methodologies for aligning supramolecular structures, this laser photothermal mechanism allows the directional and continuous alignment of supramolecular structures over an arbitrary large area with the easy control of laser irradiation. Besides, the laser process also enables area‐selective orientation of the supramolecular structures for device‐oriented nanopatterning.
Dynamic Scattering Steering with Graphene‐Based Coding Metamirror
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zhang Heng , Yang Weixu , Chen Ke , Wei Xingzhan , Feng Yijun , Jin Ronghong , Zhu Weiren 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe recent development of metasurfaces offers a unique technique for the arbitrary control of electromagnetic waves by spatially manipulating their amplitudes and phases. However, real time control in metasurfaces typically depends solely on dynamical phase modulation, but lacks of the amplitude modulation. In this paper, the dynamical amplitude modulation is tried to combine with phase coding metasurface, for the dynamical manipulation of electromagnetic scattering at microwave frequencies. Such an active metasurface is achieved by placing a patterned graphene layer on binary metallic resonators. When applying bias voltages on the graphene layer, continuous reflection amplitude modulation can be achieved for the selected resonators while the others are not affected. By this merit, two degrees of freedom, preset phase coding and dynamical amplitude modulation, are obtained to control the electromagnetic wave. As an example, a metasurface that can dynamically and continuously control the scattering pattern from mirror reflection to diffusion scattering is shown. The above concepts and physical phenomena are confirmed by numerical simulations and experiments.
Bahiagrass pasture and elephantgrass bioenergy cropping systems differ in root traits
Authors: Reyes‐Cabrera Joel , Erickson John E. , Leon Ramon G. , Quadros Danilo G. , Silveira Maria L. , Sollenberger Lynn E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRoot morphology and production are important for soil nutrient acquisition and C sequestration, but these traits are poorly understood in the bioenergy crop elephantgrass [Pennisetum purpureum (L.) Schum.]. Our objective was to characterize root traits of elephantgrass receiving different nutrient management practices in comparison with bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) pasture grown in the southeastern U.S. Treatments were bahiagrass + 50 kg N ha−1 (BHG), and elephantgrass receiving either: 50 kg N ha−1 (E50), 50 kg N ha−1 + biochar (E50BC), 50 kg N ha−1 + lignocellulosic fermentation residual (E50FR), or 250 kg N ha−1 (E250). Roots were sampled annually for 4 yr (2013‐2016). Root C and N concentration were measured at termination (2016) of the study. Both crop species exhibited similar root length density (RLD) and root mass density (RMD) across all depths in 2014 and 2015. BHG root diameter was 55% greater than all elephantgrass treatments. By 2016, E50FR increased elephantgrass RLD and RMD in the shallow soil layers (< 0.2 m). Root N content was 15–39% lower for all elephantgrass treatments than BHG in the 0‐0.1 m depth, and 22–25% lower for E50 and E50BC in the 0.1‐ to 0.2‐m depth compared with BHG. Additionally, roots C content was 6% higher in the 0‐0.1 m compared with the 0.1‐ to 0.2‐m soil depth irrespective of treatment. Application of biochar and lignocellulosic fermentation residual as amendments produced a stimulatory effect on elephantgrass root growth in soil shallow layers, which could affect nutrient and water acquisition.
Ecology and morphology of mouse lemurs (Microcebusspp.) in a hotspot of microendemism in northeastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species
Authors: Schüßler Dominik , Blanco Marina B. , Salmona Jordi , Poelstra Jelmer , Andriambeloson Jean B. , Miller Alex , Randrianambinina Blanchard , Rasolofoson David W. , Mantilla‐Contreras Jasmin , Chikhi Lounès , Louis Edward E. , Yoder Anne D. , Radespiel Ute 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDelimitation of cryptic species is increasingly based on genetic analyses but the integration of distributional, morphological, behavioral, and ecological data offers unique complementary insights into species diversification. We surveyed communities of nocturnal mouse lemurs (Microcebusspp.) in five different sites of northeastern Madagascar, measuring a variety of morphological parameters and assessing reproductive states for 123 individuals belonging to five different lineages. We documented two different non‐sister lineages occurring in sympatry in two areas. In both cases, sympatric species pairs consisted of a locally restricted (M. macarthuriiorM. sp. #3) and a more widespread lineage (M. mittermeieriorM. lehilahytsara). Estimated Extents of Occurrence (EOO) of these lineages differed remarkably with 560 and 1,500 km2versus 9,250 and 50,700 km2, respectively. Morphometric analyses distinguished unambiguously between sympatric species and detected more subtle but significant differences among sister lineages. Tail length and body size were most informative in this regard. Reproductive schedules were highly variable among lineages, most likely impacted by phylogenetic relatedness and environmental variables. While sympatric species pairs differed in their reproductive timing (M. sp. #3/M. lehilahytsaraandM. macarthurii/M. mittermeieri), warmer lowland rainforests were associated with a less seasonal reproductive schedule forM. mittermeieriandM. lehilahytsaracompared with populations occurring in montane forests. Distributional, morphological, and ecological data gathered in this study support the results of genomic species delimitation analyses conducted in a companion study, which identified one lineage,M. sp. #3, as meriting formal description as a new species. Consequently, a formal species description is included. Worryingly, our data also show that geographically restricted populations ofM. sp. #3 and its sister species (M. macarthurii) are at high risk of local and perhaps permanent extinction from both deforestation and habitat fragmentation.
Can active life mitigate the impact of diabetes on dementia and brain aging?
Authors: Marseglia Anna , Darin‐Mattsson Alexander , Kalpouzos Grégoria , Grande Giulia , Fratiglioni Laura , Dekhtyar Serhiy , Xu Weili 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe investigated whether lifelong exposure to stimulating activities (active life, AL) mitigates diabetes‐associated dementia risk and brain aging.MethodsIn the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care‐Kungsholmen, 2286 dementia‐free older adults (407 with MRI volumetric measures) were followed over 12 years to detect incident dementia. AL index (low, moderate, high) combined education, work complexity, leisure activities, and social network.ResultsParticipants with diabetes and low AL had higher dementia risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45–3.87) than patients who were diabetes‐free with moderate‐to‐high AL (reference). Dementia risk in participants with diabetes and moderate‐to‐high AL did not differ from the reference. People with diabetes and low AL had the smallest brain volume, but those with diabetes and moderate‐to‐high AL exhibited total brain and gray‐matter volumes that were similar to those of diabetes‐free participants. AL did not modify the diabetes microvascular lesions association.DiscussionAL could mitigate the deleterious impact of diabetes on dementia, potentially by limiting the loss of brain tissue volume.
Safety and target engagement profile of two oxaloacetate doses in Alzheimer's patients
Authors: Vidoni Eric D. , Choi In‐Young , Lee Phil , Reed Gregory , Zhang Na , Pleen Joseph , Mahnken Jonathan D. , Clutton Jonathan , Becker Annette , Sherry Erica , Bothwell Rebecca , Anderson Heidi , Harris Robert A. , Brooks William , Wilkins Heather M. , Mosconi Lisa , Burns Jeffrey M. , Swerdlow Russell H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionBrain bioenergetics are defective in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Preclinical studies find oxaloacetate (OAA) enhances bioenergetics, but human safety and target engagement data are lacking.MethodsWe orally administered 500 or 1000 mg OAA, twice daily for 1 month, to AD participants (n = 15 each group) and monitored safety and tolerability. To assess brain metabolism engagement, we performed fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after the intervention. We also assessed pharmacokinetics and cognitive performance.ResultsBoth doses were safe and tolerated. Compared to the lower dose, the higher dose benefited FDG PET glucose uptake across multiple brain regions (P < .05), and the higher dose increased parietal and frontoparietal glutathione (P < .05). We did not demonstrate consistent blood level changes and cognitive scores did not improve.Conclusions1000 mg OAA, taken twice daily for 1 month, is safe in AD patients and engages brain energy metabolism.
Polar Isotactic and Syndiotactic Polypropylenes by Organozirconium‐Catalyzed Masking‐Reagent‐Free Propylene and Amino–Olefin Copolymerization
Authors: Huang Minglu , Chen Jiazhen , Wang Binghao , Huang Wei , Chen Haibo , Gao Yanshan , Marks Tobin J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolar functionalized isotactic and syndiotactic polypropylenes (PPs) are synthesized by direct, masking‐reagent‐free propylene and amino–olefin (AO, CH2=CH(CH2)xNnPr2, x=2, 3, 6) copolymerizations using the activated precatalysts rac‐[Me2Si(indenyl)2]ZrMe2 and [Me2C(Cp)(fluorenyl)]ZrMe2, respectively. Polymerization activities at 25 °C are as high as 4208 and 535 kg/(mol h atm) with AO incorporation up to 4.0 mol % and 1.6 mol %, respectively. Remarkably, introducing the amino‐olefin comonomers significantly enhances stereoselection for both isotactic (mmmm: 59.5 %→91.0 %) and syndiotactic (rrrr: 66.3 %→81.3 %) products.
Suppressing Interfacial Charge Recombination in Electron‐Transport‐Layer‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells to Give an Efficiency Exceeding 21 %
Authors: Wu Wu‐Qiang , Liao Jin‐Feng , Zhong Jun‐Xing , Xu Yang‐Fan , Wang Lianzhou , Huang Jinsong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe performances of electron‐transport‐layer (ETL)‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are still inferior to ETL‐containing devices. This is mainly due to severe interfacial charge recombination occurring at the transparent conducting oxide (TCO)/perovskite interface, where the photo‐injected electrons in the TCO can travel back to recombine with holes in the perovskite layer. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that a non‐annealed, insulating, amorphous metal oxyhydroxide, atomic‐scale thin interlayer (ca. 3 nm) between the TCO and perovskite facilitates electron tunneling and suppresses the interfacial charge recombination. This largely reduced the interfacial charge recombination loss and achieved a record efficiency of 21.1 % for n‐i‐p structured ETL‐free PSCs, outperforming their ETL‐containing metal oxide counterparts (18.7 %), as well as narrowing the efficiency gap with high‐efficiency PSCs employing highly crystalline TiO2 ETLs.
Ammonia Oxidation Enhanced by Photopotential Generated by Plasmonic Excitation of a Bimetallic Electrocatalyst
Authors: Wang Jun , Heo Jaeyoung , Chen Changqiang , Wilson Andrew J. , Jain Prashant K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study how visible light influences the activity of an electrocatalyst composed of Au and Pt nanoparticles. The bimetallic composition imparts a dual functionality: the Pt component catalyzes the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia to liberate hydrogen and the Au component absorbs visible light by the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances. Under visible‐light excitation, this catalyst exhibits enhanced electrochemical ammonia oxidation kinetics, outperforming previously reported electrochemical schemes. We trace the enhancement to a photochemical potential resulting from electron–hole carriers generated in the electrocatalyst by plasmonic excitation. The photopotential responsible for enhanced kinetics scales linearly with the light intensity—a general design principle for eliciting superlative photoelectrochemical performance from catalysts comprised of plasmonic metals or hybrids. We also determine a photochemical conversion coefficient.
PlatinER: A Highly Potent Anticancer Platinum(II) Complex that Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Driven Immunogenic Cell Death
Authors: Tham Max Jing Rui , Babak Maria V. , Ang Wee Han 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImmunogenic cell death (ICD) is a rare immunostimulatory form of cell death that can improve the clinical outcomes of chemo‐immunotherapeutic combination regimens through the establishment of a long‐term cancer immunity. None of the clinically used DNA‐binding PtII complexes is considered a Type II ICD inducer. We generated a series of PtII‐carbene complexes by applying minor structural alterations to the scaffold of a Type II ICD inducer Pt‐NHC and compared their efficiency in triggering ICD‐related cellular responses and phagocytosis. We successfully identified PlatinER, a novel highly potent PtII candidate with superior ICD properties. Crucially, the magnitude of ICD‐associated phagocytosis induced upon exposure of cancer cells to Pt complexes was dependent on the levels of ER‐localized reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which underpins their mechanisms of action and provides a feasible approach for the design of more effective Type II ICD inducers.
Removal of Organic Micropollutants from Water by Macrocycle‐Containing Covalent Polymer Networks
Authors: Ji Xiaofan , Wang Hu , Wang Hongyu , Zhao Tian , Page Zachariah A. , Khashab Niveen M. , Sessler Jonathan L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccess to clean drinking water is a recognized societal need that touches on the health and livelihood of millions of people worldwide. This is providing an incentive to develop new water‐treatment technologies. Traditional technologies, while widespread, are usually inefficient at removing organic pollutants from sewage or so‐called grey water. Macrocycle‐containing covalent polymer networks have begun to attract attention in the context of water treatment owing to the inherent stability provided by the polymer backbones and their ability to capture micropollutant guests as the result of tunable macrocycle‐based host–guest interactions. In this Minireview, we summarize recent advances (from 2016 to mid‐2020) involving the removal of organic micropollutants from water using macrocycle‐containing covalent polymer networks. An overview of future challenges within this subfield is also provided.
Surface Reconstruction of Ultrathin Palladium Nanosheets during Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhao Yong , Tan Xin , Yang Wanfeng , Jia Chen , Chen Xianjue , Ren Wenhao , Smith Sean C. , Zhao Chuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA surface reconstructing phenomenon is discovered on a defect‐rich ultrathin Pd nanosheet catalyst for aqueous CO2 electroreduction. The pristine nanosheets with dominant (111) facet sites are transformed into crumpled sheet‐like structures prevalent in electrocatalytically active (100) sites. The reconstruction increases the density of active sites and reduces the CO binding strength on Pd surfaces, remarkably promoting the CO2 reduction to CO. A high CO Faradaic efficiency of 93 % is achieved with a site‐specific activity of 6.6 mA cm−2 at a moderate overpotential of 590 mV on the reconstructed 50 nm Pd nanosheets. Experimental and theoretical studies suggest the CO intermediate as a key factor driving the structural transformation during CO2 reduction. This study highlights the dynamic nature of defective metal nanosheets under reaction conditions and suggests new opportunities in surface engineering of 2D metal nanostructures to tune their electrocatalytic performance.
Ferromagnetically Coupled S=1 Chains in Crystals of Verdazyl‐Nitronyl Nitroxide Diradicals
Authors: Tretyakov Evgeny V. , Zhivetyeva Svetlana I. , Petunin Pavel V. , Gorbunov Dmitry E. , Gritsan Nina P. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu. , Bogomyakov Artem S. , Postnikov Pavel S. , Kazantsev Maxim S. , Trusova Marina E. , Shundrina Inna K. , Zaytseva Elena V. , Parkhomenko Dmitriy A. , Bagryanskaya Elena G. , Ovcharenko Victor I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThermally stable organic diradicals with a triplet ground state along with large singlet‐triplet energy gap have significant potential for advanced technological applications. A series of phenylene‐bridged diradicals with oxoverdazyl and nitronyl nitroxide units were synthesized via a palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of iodoverdazyls with a nitronyl nitroxide‐2‐ide gold(I) complex with high yields. The diradicals exhibit high stability and do not decompose in an inert atmosphere up to 180 °C. For the diradicals, both substantial AF (ΔEST≈−64 cm−1) and FM (ΔEST≥25 and 100 cm−1) intramolecular exchange interactions were observed. The sign of the exchange interaction is determined both by the bridging moiety (para‐ or meta‐phenylene) and by the type of oxoverdazyl block (C‐linked or N‐linked). Upon crystallization, diradicals with the triplet ground state form unique one‐dimensional exchange‐coupled chains with strong intra‐ and weak inter‐diradical ferromagnetic coupling.
Chemical Characterization of Sorbitan Tri‐Stearate Commercial Samples and Their Determination in Confectionery Fats by HPLC High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Baiocchi Claudio , Magni Martina , Romaniello Francesco , Forte Emanuele , Fontana Mauro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNominal sorbitan tristearate (E492) commercial samples are widely used generally as emulsifiers and particularly as anti‐bloom agents in confectionery products. In spite of this generalized use, their qualitative and quantitative evaluation is poorly documented in literature and the relative works go back to the last decades of last century. In the present work, a deep study by HPLC‐High Resolution Mass Spectrometry of qualitative composition of five E492 commercial samples was made up showing a very complex pattern of stearic and palmitic acid esters with the sorbitol anhydrides, sorbitan, and isosorbide. A clear distinction of sorbitan mono‐, di‐, tri‐, and tetra‐esters, of sorbitol penta‐ and hexa‐esters and isosorbide mono‐ and di‐esters was achieved. Contemporarily, difference in the qualitative pattern between E492 commercial samples coming from different suppliers was established. As a consequence, quantitative evaluation can be reliably obtained by using as calibration standard the same E492 present in real samples. The accuracy and recovery of the method were determined allowing in this way a reliable application to commercial confectionery products. The detailed knowledge of STS composition may be of great help to orient the synthesis conditions in order to modulate its properties as a function of various experimental necessities.
Clinical Issues—August 2020
Authors: Anderson Mary Alice 
Published: July 2020

THIS MONTH
Pneumatic tourniquet education and documentation
Key words: pneumatic tourniquet, documentation, competency verification, tourniquet cuff.
Creating a safe environment for surgical patients with latex allergies or sensitivities
Key words: natural rubber latex, latex allergy, latex sensitivity, latex reaction, anaphylaxis.
Covering patients’ beards
Key words: facial hair, surgical site infection (SSI), beard, sterile field.
Informed consent requirements
Key words: informed consent, witness, legal representative, signature.
Promoting well‐being through mindfulness
Key words: conscious leadership, mindfulness, well‐being, work environment, positive focus.