bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Two Types of Intramedullary Jones Fracture Fixation in a Cyclic and Ultimate Load Model
Authors: Willegger Madeleine , Benca Emir , Hirtler Lena , Kasparek Maximilian F. , Bauer Gregor , Zandieh Shahin , Windhager Reinhard , Schuh Reinhard 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTImplant choice is a matter of concern in athletes and active patients who sustain a Jones fracture because they are prone to failure including non‐union, screw failure, and refracture. The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical behavior of a Jones fracture‐specific screw (JFXS) with a cannulated headless compression screw (HCS) in a simulated partial weight‐bearing and ultimate load Jones fracture fixation model. Ten matched pairs of human anatomical specimens underwent Jones fracture creation and consecutive intramedullary stabilization with a solid JFXS or a cannulated HCS. The bone mineral density was assessed prior to testing. Cyclic plantar to dorsal loading was applied for 1000 cycles, followed by load to failure testing. Angulation was measured by an opto‐electronic motion capture system and mode of failure classification was determined by video analysis. Paired analysis showed no statistically significant difference between both screw constructs. Ultimate load reached 236.9 ± 107.8 N in the JFXS group compared with 210.8 ± 150.7 N in the HCS group (p = 0.429). The bone mineral density correlated positive with the pooled ultimate load (R = 0.580, p = 0.007) for all constructs and negatively with angulation (R = −0.680, p = 0.002) throughout cyclic loading. Solid fracture‐specific and cannulated headless compression screws provide equal ultimate loads and stiffness for Jones fracture fixation. A low bone mineral density significantly impairs the construct stability and the ultimate load of both intramedullary screw constructs. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research ® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society J Orthop Res 38:911‐917, 2020
Tutorial: Nutrition Therapy in Eosinophilic Esophagitis—Outcomes and Deficiencies
Authors: Bashaw Hillary , Schwartz Sally , Kagalwalla Amir F. , Wechsler Joshua B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune‐mediated disease that presents with symptoms of esophageal dysfunction, which vary by age. Diagnosis is made by upper endoscopy with esophageal biopsies to identify dense eosinophilic inflammation with at least 15 eosinophils per high‐power field. Untreated, EoE can progress from inflammatory to esophageal remodeling with fibrosis and stricture formation. Food antigens are the primary trigger of inflammation in EoE. The most common food antigen triggers are dairy, wheat, egg, and soy. EoE can be managed with steroids or dietary elimination of food triggers. Elimination diets differ by the number of foods removed with specific nutrition implications for each diet. In addition, patients receiving swallowed steroids may have feeding dysfunction and need support for growth and nutrition intake. A multidisciplinary approach to care, including a dietitian, is integral to EoE management.
Network characteristics and organizational innovation capability: A study of the inter‐organizational collaboration network of new drug development in Shanghai, China
Authors: Xu Lu , Yan Jie , Xiong Jie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe size of organizational network, organizations' betweenness centrality and structural hole exert positive effects on organizational innovation capability. The intermediary effect of structural hole on organizational innovation capability is not significant. These outcomes enrich the understanding of the promoting effect of the inter‐organizational network on organizational innovation performance in general. The findings contribute to business practitioners in high‐tech clusters on their capability development.
Biodegradation and Ecotoxicity of Branched Alcohol Ethoxylates: Application of the Target Lipid Model and Implications for Environmental Classification
Authors: Bragin Gail E. , Davis Craig Warren , Kung Ming H. , Kelley Barbara A. , Sutherland Cary A. , Lampi Mark A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith the advent of global regulations for safer detergent and an emphasis on a shift toward more environmentally friendly formulations, the environmental profile of surfactant chemistries have moved to the forefront of product formulation and design. The two cornerstones of surfactant environmental profiles are the ability to biodegrade in the natural environment and the ecological hazard profile. The objectives of this article are to describe biodegradation and aquatic toxicity data for a series of branched oxo‐alcohol ethoxylate (AEO) surfactants; to apply the target lipid model (TLM) for deriving model‐based threshold hazard concentrations (HC5) of AEO; and, finally, to accurately determine aquatic classifications for AEO surfactants for use in regulatory classification frameworks. Biodegradation results indicate a high level of biodegradability of branched AEO, with C8–C13‐rich oxo‐alcohols with 1–20 mol of ethoxylate meeting the readily biodegradable criteria. Results from acute and chronic toxicity tests indicated comparable or lesser aquatic toxicityversuslinear AEO structures previously reported in the literature. The TLM model, applieda priori, resulted in good agreement with acute toxicity data (RMSE = 0.49) and is comparable to the root mean square errors (RMSE) previously determined for other narcotic chemicals (RMSE = 0.46–0.57). Model errors for invertebrates and fish were smaller than those for algae, with the TLM systematically overpredicting acute and chronic classification of two of seven branched AEO. Furthermore, TLM‐predicted HC5 values were determined to be sufficiently conservative, with 100% of observed chronic data (N= 79) falling above the HC5 threshold values, providing a useful tool for the risk assessment of AEO.
Determination of the geographical origin of maize (Zea mays L.) using mineral element fingerprints
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhao Haiyan , Yu Chundi , Tang Juan , Wu Wei , Yang Qingli 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMaize (Zea mays L.) is a staple cereal crop and feed crop throughout the world. In this article, a mineral element fingerprinting technique was applied to single out suitable element indicators to determine the geographical origin of maize. A total of 90 fresh maize samples were collected in 2107 from Jilin, Gansu, and Shandong provinces in China. The contents of 25 mineral elements in all maize samples were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The composition of mineral elements was analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis, including one‐way analysis of variance (one‐way ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), k‐nearest neighbor (KNN) analysis, and stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SLDA).RESULTSAs compared by one‐way ANOVA, the contents of 19 mineral elements in maize samples were significantly different among three provinces. Principal component analysis based on these 19 elements could obtain preliminary visual classification groups of maize samples. K‐nearest neighbor analysis produced a total correct classification rate of 83.9% on the training set, and 82.2% on the prediction set. The SLDA model, based on eight indicative elements (Na, Cr, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cs, Ba, and Pb) obtained a total correct classification rate of 92.2% with cross‐validation.CONCLUSIONThe mineral element fingerprinting technique combined with multivariate statistical analysis could be a helpful method to identify the geographical origin of maize. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Coping Motives Mediate the Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and Alcohol Problems
Authors: Park Tristan , Thompson Kara , Wekerle Christine , Al‐Hamdani Mohammed , Smith Savanah , Hudson Amanda , Goldstein Abby , Stewart Sherry H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChildhood maltreatment is associated with increased risk of alcohol misuse. Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and coping motives have both been identified, separately, as mediators of the relation between childhood maltreatment and alcohol misuse but have yet to be examined as serial mediators in a high‐risk population. A total of 564 adolescents (53.7% female; M age = 15.9 years, SD = 1.1) in the care of child welfare services completed validated measures of childhood trauma, PTSS, drinking motives, and alcohol misuse across the first two waves (baseline and 6‐month follow‐up) of the Maltreatment and Adolescent Pathways (MAP) longitudinal study. Childhood maltreatment was associated with elevated PTSS, PTSS predicted higher coping motives, and coping motives were associated with higher levels of alcohol misuse, indirect effect (IE) = 0.03; 95% CI [0.00, 0.07]. Single mediator models with PTSS, IE = 0.03; 95% CI [−0.01, 0.05], and coping motives, IE = −0.02, 95% CI [−0.05, 0.03], as mediators were not statistically significant. The results suggest that PTSS and coping motives contribute sequentially to the association between childhood maltreatment and alcohol misuse and could thus both serve as intervention targets to prevent problem drinking in maltreated youth.
Influences of Landscape Features on Bat Activity in North Dakota
Authors: Nelson Josiah J. , Gillam Erin H. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTLand conversion and modification threatens many wildlife and plant species in the northern Great Plains, including bats. Our objective was to assess the association of bat species with landscape features in the northern Great Plains of North Dakota, USA, taking the first step towards understanding the habitat needs of bats in this region. We examined patterns of bat activity across different landscapes, identified those landscape features associated with high levels of bat activity, and determined which specific land features (i.e., vegetation and water types) were most commonly associated with each bat species. We used passive acoustic monitoring to measure bat activity at sites across North Dakota, and assessed detailed land characteristics at each site. We used nonmetric multidimensional scaling and multivariate regression tree analysis to examine relationships between bat activity and landscape variables. Bat foraging activity was influenced by structural landscape characteristics and the availability of specific water resources. High levels of bat activity were associated with riparian forested areas of varying structural complexity, ponds, and, to a lesser extent, open riparian lands. Individual bat species were influenced by land type and water resources differently. We identified big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) as indicators of open riparian and pond landscapes, respectively. These results highlight the importance of prairie riparian landscapes and maintaining heterogeneity across the landscape for conservation and management of bat communities. Further, we identified ponds as an important landscape feature for little brown bats, a species of conservation concern, indicating that this specific feature should be a focus of conservation efforts on prairie wetlands. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Multilayered Activatable Nanoprobe for Ultra‐Bright Tumor Imaging
Authors: Lee Seung Koo , Han Myung Shin , Zhang Weiqi , Tung Ching‐Hsuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe development of tumor targeted probes with strong signal and high contrast is always challenging in cancer imaging. Here, a unique multilayered activatable nanoprobe (MAN) is prepared to fulfill this long‐standing goal. MAN adopts a versatile layer‐by‐layer fabrication technique that sequentially assembles multifunctional polyelectrolytes onto nanoparticles via charge‐charge interaction. Unlike the common one‐probe‐one‐fluorochrome construct, MAN offers a dramatic fluorescence enhancement by transporting a large quantity of quenched fluorochromes for maximal signal and contrast. Excellent signal amplification and retention with negligible cytotoxicity is observed in cell study. Upon systemic injection into mice, MAN quickly accumulates in tumor and its fluorescent signal is turned on by proteases overexpressed in tumors, resulting in >700% tumor‐to‐normal‐tissue contrast. This multilayered fabrication provides a simple and powerful universal platform to design sensitive tumor imaging probes.
Lysosome assembly and disassembly changes endocytosis rate through the Leishmania cell cycle
Authors: Wang Ziyin , Wheeler Richard J. , Sunter Jack D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Leishmania lysosome has an atypical structure, consisting of an elongated vesicle‐filled tubule running along the anterior–posterior axis of the cell, which is termed the multivesicular tubule (MVT) lysosome. Alongside, the MVT lysosome is one or more microtubules, the lysosomal microtubule(s). Previous work indicated there were cell cycle‐related changes in MVT lysosome organization; however, these only provided snapshots and did not connect the changes in the lysosomal microtubule(s) or lysosomal function. Using mNeonGreen tagged cysteine peptidase A and SPEF1 as markers of the MVT lysosome and lysosomal microtubule(s), we examined the dynamics of these structures through the cell cycle. Both the MVT lysosome and lysosomal microtubule(s) elongated at the beginning of the cell cycle before plateauing and then disassembling in late G2 before cytokinesis. Moreover, the endocytic rate in cells where the MVT lysosome and lysosomal microtubule(s) had disassembled was extremely low. The dynamic nature of the MVT lysosome and lysosomal microtubule(s) parallels that of the Trypanosoma cruzi cytostome/cytopharynx, which also has a similar membrane tubule structure with associated microtubules. As the cytostome/cytopharynx is an ancestral feature of the kinetoplastids, this suggests that the Leishmania MVT lysosome and lysosomal microtubule(s) are a reduced cytostome/cytopharynx‐like feature.
The spectral linear filter method for a stochastic optimal control problem of partially observable systems
Authors: Poursherafatan Ali , Delavarkhalafi Ali 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIn this paper, two spectral methods are presented to solve a stochastic optimal control problem of a partially observable system. These two methods work together to solve such problems. In fact, solving such problems involves two cases: obtaining the control function and simulating the partially observable system. At first, a spectral linear filter is defined as a function of time to obtain an appropriate solution for a partially observable system. This linear filter is equipped with an orthogonal basis and it is made to predict the future behavior of this system. In this method, the goal is to approximate the trend of the partially observable system. The second method is suggested to achieve the optimal control corresponding to each sample path. In this method, the spectral Fourier transform is used. These two methods are used together to solve linear and nonlinear cases. In fact, the innovative contents of this paper are both the spectral linear filter and the suggested spectral optimal control method.
The study of palm‐oil‐based bio‐polyol on the morphological, acoustic and mechanical properties of flexible polyurethane foams
Authors: Zhang Dan , Chen Shuming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe focus of this paper was to explore the acoustic properties of flexible polyurethane (FPU) foam modified by palm‐oil‐based polyol (POP). The presence of POP showed a marked influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of FPU foam. A smaller mean pore diameter can be observed at lower POP content. Indeed, the introduction of POP caused a higher closed pore ratio and an increased air‐flow resistivity, which consequently improved the sound absorption coefficient and transmission loss. In particular, the acoustic performance of the all bio‐based FPU foam was enhanced at low frequency, and the density was lower than that of the reference foam. Additionally, the addition of POP also improved the compressive strength. Conversely, the tensile strength of FPU foam declined with increasing POP content. From this study, the outstanding acoustic ability of bio‐based FPU foam has been proved, with additional advantages of lower density and higher compressive strength. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Redox‐responsive polyethyleneimine‐coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for controllable gene delivery and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Peng Si , Wang Qiu‐yue , Xiao Xue , Wang Rui , Lin Juan , Zhou Qing‐han , Wu Li‐na 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecently, theranostic candidates that provide a combination of gene delivery and image diagnosis have attracted much interest in medical research. However, there are still many challenges for their clinical applications, such as uncontrollable gene delivery, high cytotoxicity, low transfection efficiency and reduced image contrast. Herein, redox‐responsive polyethyleneimine‐coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs@rPEI) were prepared for both efficient gene delivery and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Firstly, crosslinked rPEI was synthesized by Michael addition reaction with N,N‐bis(acryloyl)cystamine, dopamine and low‐molecular‐weight branched PEI. The rPEI was then coated onto IONs by ligand exchange reaction forming IONs@rPEI. The physicochemical properties of the IONs@rPEI, such as chemical structure, size, zeta potential and DNA condensation ability, were investigated. In addition, a rapid degradation of the as‐prepared nanoparticles was observed, which was triggered by reducing glutathione via destruction of disulfide linkages suggesting a potential controllable DNA release in tumor cells. In MR imaging detection, the IONs@rPEI had a high T2 relaxivity of 81 L mmol−1 s−1 indicating a potential usage as MR imaging contrast reagent. In cell assay, the IONs@rPEI exhibited low cytotoxicity and good transfection efficiency. In conclusion, the as‐prepared crosslinked IONs@rPEI can be used as a promising technology platform for gene therapy and MR imaging in theranostics. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
When mental illness and cancer collide: An investigation of the predictors of outcomes for cancer patients with a history of mental health problems
Authors: Hemmington Amy , Huang Daisy , Coomarasamy Christin , Young Marie J. , Consedine Nathan S. , Reynolds Lisa M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivePeople with a serious mental health condition are no more likely to receive a diagnosis of cancer than the general population but fare more poorly in terms of outcomes. The current study investigated whether a background of mental health problems (measured by contact with mental health services and psychotropic medication) predicted treatment outcomes over and above demographic and medical confounds for cancer patients at Counties Manukau Health.MethodsThe sample consisted of 1652 patients diagnosed with cancer in the period 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016. The sample was split into three groups: non‐mental health, moderate mental health, and serious mental health.ResultsPatients in the serious and moderate mental health groups were more likely to have physical comorbidities. Those in the serious mental health group were also marginally more likely to have advanced cancer at diagnosis. There were no differences between groups in terms of treatment delays, but patients in the serious mental health group were more likely to be hospitalised and die in the 12 months following diagnosis. Whilst differences in mortality may be explained by greater clinical complexity (being older, having other physical comorbidities) and later stage at presentation, mental health history was independently associated with hospitalisations.ConclusionsCancer patients with a history of more serious mental health issues fare more poorly than those with moderate mental health issues or no such history. The clinical complexity of working with these patients, indexed by mental and physical comorbidities, may be a factor contributing to this disparity.
Room Temperature Synthesis of Phosphine‐Capped Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals without Coordinating Solvents
Authors: Ambroz Filip , Xu Weidong , Gadipelli Srinivas , Brett Dan J. L. , Lin Chieh‐Ting , Contini Claudia , McLachlan Martyn A. , Durrant James R. , Parkin Ivan P. , Macdonald Thomas J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe room temperature synthesis of perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) is typically achieved by employing a ligand‐assisted reprecipitation (LARP) method, which can be handled in air, and its products are comparable to what is obtained using the traditional hot‐injection method. However, the LARP method typically requires the use of coordinating polar solvents such as dimethylformamide, which are not appropriate for large‐scale production due to toxicity concerns and can also degrade or form defective perovskite NCs. Herein, an amine and oleic‐acid‐free room temperature synthesis of lead bromide perovskite NCs is reported that uses a combination of trioctylphosphine oxide and diisooctylphosphinic acid ligands. This combination of ligands provides a stable platform for the polar‐solvent‐free synthesis in air of fully inorganic CsPbBr3 (fwhm ≈ 14 nm, emission = 519 nm) and hybrid organic‐inorganic FAPbBr3 (fwhm ≈ 19 nm) NCs with photoluminescence emission between 530 and 535 nm, which is in line with the Rec. 2020 color standards. In addition, it is shown that compared to a traditionally used ligand combination, phosphine ligands can be easily removed from the surface of the NCs, which is important for the future development of this technology in optoelectronic devices.
Silicon‐Based Photonic Architectures from Hierarchically Porous Carbon Opals
Authors: Gil‐Herrera Luz Karime , Gallego‐Gómez Francisco , Torres‐Pardo Almudena , González‐Calbet Jose M. , Palomares Francisco J. , Blanco Alvaro , Juárez Beatriz H. , López Cefe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSilicon‐based materials are needed in cutting‐edge technological fields, for which hierarchical porosity and photonic properties help improve performance. In this work, the versatility of several fabrication routes that combine silicon infiltration by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), reactive ion etching (RIE), and carbon calcination, which produce a palette of novel silicon‐based material architectures, is demonstrated. Design strategies are discussed and the main features of the processing steps are addressed to provide a variety of new silicon‐based materials with high morphological versatility and photonic quality. Three‐dimensional hollow carbon opals (HCO) permit control of the porosity of subsequent architectures through the initial silicon infiltration, while open or closed surfaces are achieved primarily as a function of RIE conditions. The composition of derived structures depends on the sequence in which the processes are applied. As a result, pure Si and hybrid C–Si inverse structures can be produced with open or closed spheres in the top layer and with an optional passivation layer. Remarkably, by properly choosing the Si infiltration parameters and the calcination/RIE procedure, final structures are achieved with double‐shell spheres.