bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educational interventions to improve literature searching skills in the health sciences: a scoping review
Authors: Hirt Julian , Nordhausen Thomas , Meichlinger Jasmin , Braun Volker , Zeller Adelheid , Meyer Gabriele 
Published: October 2020

Objective: The authors reviewed educational interventions for improving literature searching skills in the health sciences.Methods: We performed a scoping review of experimental and quasi-experimental studies published in English and German, irrespective of publication year. Targeted outcomes were objectively measurable literature searching skills (e.g., quality of search strategy, study retrieval, precision). The search methods consisted of searching databases (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science), tracking citations, free web searching, and contacting experts. Two reviewers performed screening and data extraction. To evaluate the completeness of reporting, the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) was applied.Results: We included 6 controlled trials and 8 pre-post trials from the 8,484 references that we screened. Study participants were students in various health professions and physicians. The educational formats of the interventions varied. Outcomes clustered into 2 categories: (1) developing search strategies (e.g., identifying search concepts, selecting databases, applying Boolean operators) and (2) database searching skills (e.g., searching PubMed, MEDLINE, or CINAHL). In addition to baseline and post-intervention measurement, 5 studies reported follow-up. Almost all studies adequately described their intervention procedures and delivery but did not provide access to the educational material. The expertise of the intervention facilitators was described in only 3 studies.Conclusions: The results showed a wide range of study populations, interventions, and outcomes. Studies often lacked information about educational material and facilitators’ expertise. Further research should focus on intervention effectiveness using controlled study designs and long-term follow-up. To ensure transparency, replication, and comparability, studies should rigorously describe their intervention. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program.
As mídias sociais na prática do professor
Authors: De Paulo Moura Késsia Mileny , Oliveira de Carvalho Luciele 
Published: October 2020

As novas tecnologias digitais modificam não só a visão de mundo de seus usuários, mas também as suas habilidades cognitivas, instaurando novas relações sociais e formas de
aprender. Este trabalho é sobre a utilização de mídias sociais, especificamente as redes sociais, em favor do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, e sobre como o professor se vale
destas ferramentas em sua prática pedagógica. Por se constituir um espaço de interação e compartilhamento de informações e conhecimentos entre diferentes usuários, as redes sociais vêm se tornando cada vez mais significativas na vida das pessoas e uma prática bastante comum na sociedade tecnológica. Partindo desses enunciados, definiu-se como objetivo geral investigar a utilização das redes sociais no processo de ensino-aprendizagem mais interativo e colaborativo. Para tanto, foram aplicados questionários com 45 alunos e realizada entrevista com uma professora de uma turma de ensino médio de uma escola particular de Imperatriz (MA). As possibilidades de ensino são multiplicadas quando se utilizam essas ferramentas digitais, e, com o estudo de caso, foi possível constatar a presença, a aceitação e o potencial da utilização das redes sociais no desenvolvimento de competências nos alunos.
Law Applicable to Liability for Damages due to Traffic Accidents Involving Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Swierczynski Marek , Żarnowiec Łukasz 
Published: October 2020

The authors examine the problem of the law applicable to liability for damages due to traffic accidents involving autonomous vehicles. Existing conflict-of-laws regulation adopted in the Rome II Regulation and both Hague Conventions of 1971 and 1973 is criticized. Upon examination of these legal instruments, it becomes clear that existing regulation is very complex and complicated. In effect authors recommend revisions to the legal framework. Proposed solutions are balanced and take into consideration both the interests of the injured persons, as well the persons claimed to be liable. New approach allows for more individual consideration of specific cases and direct to better outcome of the disputes. The findings may be useful in handling the cases related to use of algorithms of artificial intelligence in private international law.
Electronic Evidence in Intellectual Property Disputes under the Council of Europe’s Guidelines
Authors: Swierczynski Marek , Jokubauskas Remigijus 
Published: October 2020

On 30 January 2019 the Council of Europe adopted guidelines on electronic evidence in civil and administrative law accompanied by the Explanatory Memorandum. The authors summarize and analyse this soft law instrument with respect to intellectual property (hereinafter “IP”) disputes. They explain why its creation is important for the proper administration of justice and how it addresses and reflects technological developments, new business models and evolving case-law. Several conclusions have been identified regarding how use of the Guidelines will address current practical problems for courts in IP disputes. Both authors took active part in the preparatory works and believe it is in the interest of justice and effective IP protection that these guidelines are publicly available in the member states and widely disseminated among professionals dealing with electronic evidence.
Słownictwo tiuremno-łagrowe dotyczące denuncjacji (w kontekście rozważań o faktograficznej wartości historyzmów okresu sowieckiego)
Authors: Pacuła Jarosław Grzegorz 
Published: October 2020

W artykule odniesiono się do zagadnienia polszczyzny tiuremno-łagrowej. Autor skupił się na prezentacji słownictwa należącego do kategorii tematycznej „denuncjacja”. Materiał wyekscerpowano z polskojęzycznych relacji i wspomnień Polaków przebywających w więzieniach i obozach sowieckich. Na jego podstawie zaprezentowano faktograficzny charakter leksyki – dosadnego dowodu zbrodniczego systemu totalitarnego, mechanizmów nim rządzących. W tekście omówiono źródła poszczególnych historyzmów (z reguły będących pożyczkami z ruszczyzny), ich sensy zilustrowano cytatami ze wspomnień więźniarskich. Wywodowi językoznawczemu towarzyszą komentarze odnoszące się do społeczno-politycznych uwarunkowań zachowań językowych w okresie stalinowskim i związanych z donosicielstwem. Autor zwrócił uwagę na fakt, że postawy więźniów są wiernym odzwierciedleniem działań i ich motywacji spotykanych w świecie pozawięziennym i pozaobozowym.
Low-cost air pollution monitoring system—an opportunity for reducing the health risk associated with physical activity in polluted air
Authors: Nieckarz Zenon , Zoladz Jerzy A. 
Published: October 2020

The issue of air pollution by particulate matter (PM) concerns many places in the world. At the same time, many residents undertake physical activity (recreation, rehabilitation, sport) in the open air. Generally, the amount of dust concentration depends on both the place (center or periphery of the city) and the time of day. In the present study we describe the outcome of monitoring of the state of air pollution by particle matter (PM10) in the Kraków agglomeration area in order to show that it can provide information concerning air quality in the area where people practice varied kinds of sports in the open air. The measurements of PM10 have been made by a few stations with identical construction working as one network. The details of the air pollution monitoring system and its data quality verification have been described. The network stations made multipoint observations across the Kraków Metropolitan Area during the year 2017 in eight locations. The locations selected represent a diverse spectrum of terrain conditions in which the Kraków agglomeration community undertakes physical activity. For most months of 2017, the minimum monthly average 4-hour PM10 concentrations were recorded between 10–14 h, regardless of location, whereas the maximum was between 18–22. We also noticed a huge differences in the average monthly value of PM10 in some locations within the Kraków agglomeration—ranging between 4.9–339.0 µg m−3. This indicates that some regions of the city are more suitable for performance of physical activity in the open air than others. In conclusion, we postulate that a low-cost air pollution monitoring system is capable of providing valuable information concerning air quality in a given region, which seems to be of importance also to people who practice varied sports activities in the open air.
Differential effects of cisplatin on cybrid cells with varying mitochondrial DNA haplogroups
Authors: Abedi Sina , Yung Gregory , Atilano Shari R. , Thaker Kunal , Chang Steven , Chwa Marilyn , Schneider Kevin , Udar Nitin , Bota Daniela , Kenney M. Cristina 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundDrug therapy yields different results depending on its recipient population. Cisplatin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, causes different levels of resistance and side effects for different patients, but the mechanism(s) are presently unknown. It has been assumed that this variation is a consequence of differences in nuclear (n) DNA, epigenetics, or some external factor(s). There is accumulating evidence that an individual’s mitochondrial (mt) DNA may play a role in their response to medications. Variations within mtDNA can be observed, and an individual’s mtDNA can be categorized into haplogroups that are defined by accumulations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) representing different ethnic populations.MethodsThe present study was conducted on transmitochondrial cytoplasmic hybrids (cybrids) that possess different maternal-origin haplogroup mtDNA from African (L), Hispanic [A+B], or Asian (D) backgrounds. Cybrids were created by fusing Rho0 ARPE-19 cells (lacking mtDNA) with platelets, which contain numerous mitochondria but no nuclei. These cybrid cells were cultured to passage five, treated with cisplatin, incubated for 48 h, then analyzed for cell metabolic activity (tetrazolium dye (MTT) assay), mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1 assay), cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay), and gene expression levels forALK,BRCA1,EGFR, andERBB2/HER2.ResultsResults indicated that untreated cybrids with varying mtDNA haplogroups had similar relative metabolic activity before cisplatin treatment. When treated with cisplatin, (1) the decline in metabolic activity was greatest in L (27.4%,p < 0.012) < D (24.86%,p = 0.0001) and [A+B] cybrids (24.67%,p = 0.0285) compared to untreated cybrids; (2) mitochondrial membrane potential remained unchanged in all cybrids (3) LDH production varied between cybrids (L >[A+B],p = 0.0270). (4) The expression levels decreased forALKin L (p < 0.0001) and [A+B] (p = 0.0001) cybrids but not in D cybrids (p = 0.285); and decreased forEGFRin [A+B] cybrids (p = 0.0246) compared to untreated cybrids.ConclusionOur findings suggest that an individual’s mtDNA background may be associated with variations in their response to cisplatin treatment, thereby affecting the efficiency and the severity of side effects from the treatment.
Long‐term peripheral immune cell profiling reveals further targets of oral cladribine in MS
Authors: Moser Tobias , Schwenker Kerstin , Seiberl Michael , Feige Julia , Akgün Katja , Haschke‐Becher Elisabeth , Ziemssen Tjalf , Sellner Johann 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo expand the knowledge about the immunological consequences of cladribine (CLAD), a pulsed immune reconstitution therapy approved for active multiple sclerosis (MS), beyond the known short‐term effects on peripheral immune cell subsets.MethodsIn this study, we characterized depletion and restitution kinetics as well as cytokine profiles of peripheral immune cell subsets in 18 patients with MS following treatment with oral CLAD. The methods involved blood collection prior to CLAD and every three months over a period of 24 months, and extensive characterization of various immune cells subsets by multiparametric flow cytometry.ResultsWe found a selectivity of CLAD towards central memory T cells and memory B cells and detected a hyper‐repopulation of maturing B cells. Counts of classical (−65%) and various nonclassical TH17 cells (−84% to −87%) were markedly reduced 24 months after treatment start, and were comparable with depletion rates of class‐switched memory B‐cell phenotypes (−87% to −95%). The nadir of TH cells was more pronounced in the second treatment year. We observed a proportional surge of CD20 T‐cell subsets and an expansion of regulatory T, B and NK cells. Natural killer T cells (NKT) were only depleted in year two and did not recover.InterpretationPeripheral immune cell profiling revealed more differentiated insights into the immunological effects of CLAD. While some immune cell subsets expanded, we also observed additive depleting effects after the second treatment course. Further studies are required to elucidate whether these changes are paramount for the consistent and prolonged disease‐modifying effect of CLAD.
Weight Fluctuation and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Baker Joshua F. , Reed George , Kremer Joel 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveFluctuations in weight have been linked to cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in the general population. The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether weight fluctuation was independently predictive of CV events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe studied patients with RA from the Corrona registry. Weight change was categorized as loss of ≥10%, loss of 5–10%, stable, gain of 5–10%, and gain of ≥10%. We also categorized patients by quintile of variability in weight in prior observation periods. Cox proportional hazards models explored independent associations between time‐varying weight change and weight variability and risk of CV events before and after adjusting for CV risk factors, RA disease features, and disability.ResultsAmong 31,381 participants, those who lost or gained 10% of their weight had greater disease activity and worse physical function, and they were more likely to smoke, have diabetes mellitus, receive corticosteroids, and be disabled. In adjusted models, a greater risk of CV events was observed in those who experienced 10% weight loss (hazard ratio [HR] 1.18 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03–1.36], P = 0.02) or weight gain (HR 1.20 [95% CI 1.04–1.38], P = 0.01). The association between weight change and CV events was stronger among participants with body mass index <25 kg/m2 for 10% weight loss (HR 1.34 [95% CI 1.08–1.66], P = 0.001] and 10% weight gain (HR 1.74 [95% CI 1.41–2.24], P < 0.001). Patients with greater variability in weight had a higher risk of CV events.ConclusionRecent changes and high variability in weight predict CV events in RA, particularly among thin patients. Further study is necessary to determine if weight fluctuation has adverse cardiometabolic consequences that are independent of other risk factors.
Prevalence of Neuropsychiatric Lupus in Psychosis Patients Who Have Tested Positive for Antinuclear Antibodies
Authors: Spies Michael C. , Gutjahr‐Holland Johannes A. , Bertouch James V. , Sammel Anthony M. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivePsychosis is a rare manifestation of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). Current guidelines do not make a recommendation regarding the use of antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing in the assessment of patients with psychosis. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of NPSLE in patients with psychosis who were positive for ANAs.MethodsA retrospective review of patients who were admitted to the mental health service of 2 metropolitan tertiary referral centers with a diagnosis of psychosis and had been tested for ANAs was conducted. A diagnosis of SLE was made when the 2019 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) classification criteria were fulfilled. Attribution of psychosis‐related events to NPSLE were made according to validated criteria.ResultsThere were 10,205 mental health admissions with diagnoses of psychosis representing 4,766 individual patients, 911 patients (19%) were tested for ANAs, 135 (15%) of those tests returned a positive result with a titer of ≥1:160. The mean ± SD follow‐up time was 47 ± 26 months. At discharge, there were 4 patients who met 2019 ACR/EULAR criteria for SLE, 2 of whom met criteria for NPSLE (2 patients had other manifestations of SLE), yielding an NPSLE prevalence of 1.5% (2 of 135) among patients who were positive for ANAs, and 0.2% (2 of 911) among all patients who underwent testing for ANAs.ConclusionThe prevalence of NPSLE in patients with psychosis who were positive for ANAs was low, at 1.5%. The low rate of clinically significant positive results would argue against routine testing for ANAs in patients with psychosis.
Self‐Healing Lithographic Patterning of Perovskite Nanocrystals for Large‐Area Single‐Mode Laser Array
Authors: Xing Di , Lin Cheng‐Chieh , Ho Ya‐Lun , Kamal A. Syazwan A. , Wang I‐Ta , Chen Chia‐Chun , Wen Cheng‐Yen , Chen Chun‐Wei , Delaunay Jean‐Jacques 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLead halide perovskites exhibit extraordinary optoelectronic performances and are being considered as a promising medium for high‐quality photonic devices such as single‐mode lasers. However, for perovskite‐based single‐mode lasers to become practical, fabrication and integration on a chip via the standard top‐down lithography process are strongly desired. The chief bottleneck to achieving lithography of perovskites lies in their reactivity to chemicals used for lithography as illustrated by issues of instability, surface roughness, and internal defects with the fabricated structures. The realization of lithographic perovskite single‐mode lasers in large areas remains a challenge. In this work, a self‐healing lithographic patterning technique using perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystals is demonstrated to realize high‐quality and high‐crystallinity single‐mode laser arrays. The self‐healing process is compatible with the standard lithography process and greatly improves the quality of lithographic laser cavities. A single‐mode microdisk laser array is demonstrated with a low threshold of 3.8 µJ cm−2. Moreover, the control of the lasing wavelength is made possible over a range of up to 6.4 nm by precise fabrication of the laser cavities. This work presents a general and promising strategy for standard top‐down lithography fabrication of high‐quality perovskite devices and enables research on large‐area perovskite‐based integrated optoelectronic circuits.
Bismuth‐Based Mesoporous Nanoball Carrying Sorafenib for Computed Tomography Imaging and Synergetic Chemoradiotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Guang‐Cong , Liu Jie , Yu Xiang‐Nan , Deng Yong , Sun Yun , Liu Tao‐Tao , Dong Ling , Zhu Chang‐Feng , Shen Xi‐Zhong , Zhu Ji‐Min , Weng Shu‐Qiang , Li Yuhao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSorafenib (SOR), a multi‐kinase inhibitor for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), reveals a limited therapeutic effect due to a lack of selectivity and evident drug resistance. In the present study, bismuth‐based mesoporous nanomaterial (NBOF) is loaded with SOR and then coated with polyethylene glycol and folic acid conjugates (P‐FA) to form an NBOF@SOR‐P‐FA nanocarrier system. The system achieves significantly enhanced anti‐cancer efficacy by combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy. To evaluate the effect of synergistic treatment, cytotoxicity detection, Live/Dead staining, apoptotic assay, and Western blot analysis are performed. The results suggest that NBOF@SOR‐P‐FA significantly inhibits HCC cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis. Also, the NBOF@SOR‐P‐FA exhibits excellent biocompatibility by hemolysis and serum biochemical tests and produces a substantially enhanced contrast efficiency as compared to iohexol by computed tomography imaging. More importantly, the profound suppression of tumor growth and potentiation of apoptosis are observed in a mouse subcutaneous tumor model. Collectively, these results indicate that the bismuth‐based nanotheranostic platform could enhance the therapeutic effect of sorafenib and serve as an innovative method for HCC treatment.
Dual Delivery of Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel by Wet‐Spun Coaxial Fibers Induces Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Death, Reduces Tumor Volume, and Sensitizes Cells to Radiation
Authors: Wade Samantha J. , Sahin Zeliha , Piper Ann‐Katrin , Talebian Sepehr , Aghmesheh Morteza , Foroughi Javad , Wallace Gordon G. , Moulton Simon E. , Vine Kara L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal prognosis, with surgical resection of the tumor in conjunction with systemic chemotherapy the only potential curative therapy. Up to 80% of diagnosed cases are deemed unresectable, prompting the need for alternative treatment approaches. Herein, coaxial polymeric fibers loaded with two chemotherapeutic agents, gemcitabine (Gem) and paclitaxel (Ptx), are fabricated to investigate the effect of local drug delivery on PDAC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. A wet‐spinning fabrication method to form a coaxial fiber with a polycaprolactone shell and alginate core loaded with Ptx and Gem, respectively, is used. In vitro, Gem+Ptx fibers display significant cytotoxicity as well as radiosensitizing properties toward PDAC cell lines greater than the equivalent free drugs, which may be attributed to a radiosensitizing effect of the polymers. In vivo studies assessing Gem+Ptx fiber efficacy found that Gem+Ptx fibers reduce tumor volume in a xenograft mouse model of PDAC. Importantly, no difference in mouse weight, circulating cytokines, or liver function is observed in mice treated with Gem+Ptx fibers compared to the empty fiber controls confirming the safety of the implant approach. With further development, Gem+Ptx fibers can improve the treatment of unresectable PDAC in the future.
Cardiomyocyte Induction and Regeneration for Myocardial Infarction Treatment: Cell Sources and Administration Strategies
Authors: He Lihong , Chen Xiongbiao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOcclusion of coronary artery and subsequent damage or death of myocardium can lead to myocardial infarction (MI) and even heart failure—one of the leading causes of deaths world wide. Notably, myocardium has extremely limited regeneration potential due to the loss or death of cardiomyocytes (i.e., the cells of which the myocardium is comprised) upon MI. A variety of stem cells and stem cell‐derived cardiovascular cells, in situ cardiac fibroblasts and endogenous proliferative epicardium, have been exploited to provide renewable cellular sources to treat injured myocardium. Also, different strategies, including direct injection of cell suspensions, bioactive molecules, or cell‐incorporated biomaterials, and implantation of artificial cardiac scaffolds (e.g., cell sheets and cardiac patches), have been developed to deliver renewable cells and/or bioactive molecules to the MI site for the myocardium regeneration. This article briefly surveys cell sources and delivery strategies, along with biomaterials and their processing techniques, developed for MI treatment. Key issues and challenges, as well as recommendations for future research, are also discussed.