bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Different Insertion Techniques for Lumbosacral Fixation Improvement: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Han Da‐peng , Wang Jia‐yin 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveWe create a new S1 cortical screw trajectory technique using 3D reconstruction and the finite element (FE) method to provide a more reliable theoretical basis for clinical practices and to advance internal fixation technology for treatment of lumbosacral degenerative diseases.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients (aged from 40 to 70 years) who needed intervertebral fusion surgery between August 2016 and August 2017. Data of patients with lumbosacral lesions was scanned and measured by 64‐row spiral CT, and were then transmitted to the GE‐AW4.3 post‐processing system for 3D reconstruction. The trajectories of the three different screws were simulated by FE software and processed by mimics software to simulate the screw path: traditional PS fixation (Model A); traditional cortical screw (Model B); and new cortical screw (Model C). The CT value of the bone around the screw canal was recorded. Biomechanical effects of the three screws were analyzed and compared.ResultsThe displacement of flexion and extension, the vertebral body stress of right torsion, and the cage stress of flexion showed no significant differences among the three models (P> 0.05). The results demonstrated that cortical screws exceeded pedicle screws in stability and pullout force. Models B and C showed higher vertebral displacement in left bending (0.41 and 0.31 mm) and right bending (0.58 and 0.40 mm), lower vertebral body stress on extension (48.37 and 38.92 MPa), left bending (0.76 and 0.74 mm) and right bending (0.50 and 0.53 mm), and higher cage stress on left bending (162.19 and 160.63 MPa), right bending (150.02 and 150.05 MPa), left torsion (158.45 and 146.27 MPa) and right torsion (167.33 and 171.15 MPa) (allP< 0.05) compared to model A. Compared to Model B, Model C had higher displacement of left and right torsion, lower pressure in extension and flexion, and lower stress on cages in extension (P< 0.05).ConclusionThe new cortical screw insertion method has similar effects to traditional cortical screw fixation. However, it demonstrated advantages in promoting lumbosacral interbody fusion, which protects vessels and nerves.
A Comparative Study of Patients' Subjective Feelings Toward Total Hip Arthroplasty with Patient‐Specific Instruments and Traditional Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Xing Qi‐qi , Zhong Da , Pan Yi‐xiao , An Sen‐bo , Wang Cheng‐gong , Su Shi‐long , Wang Long , Hu Yi‐he 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo determine whether differences exist in patients' subjective feelings, daily life, and surgical satisfaction between those who underwent surgery for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) using patient‐specific instruments (PSIs) and those who underwent traditional surgical total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsWe selected 30 adult patients with various types of DDH who underwent surgery during 2016–2017 at our hospital. The patients were divided into PSI surgery group and the traditional surgery group. All patients underwent follow‐up, and we collected data on the Harris Hip Score, Oxford University Hip Score (OHS), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS‐12), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, patient satisfaction score, intraoperative surgical time, amount of bleeding and postoperative complications incidence for both groups. We then performed statistical analyses on the data.ResultsThe Harris Hip Score, OHS, VAS score, patient satisfaction score, and mean bleeding volume did not differ statistically significantly (t‐tests, P > 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between surgical groups in the incidence of complication and sub‐trochanteric osteotomy, or in the surgical side (chi‐square tests, P > 0.05). For the experimental group, the FJS‐12 score was 80.0 ± 12.0, and for the control group the score was 68.5 ± 16.1. The operative time of the experimental group was 138.4 ± 32.2 min, while that of the control group was 88.9 ± 26.8 min. The values of these data differed significantly (t‐tests, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe novel PSI designed by our group has certain advantages for the short‐term subjective feelings of patients after THA, but it may cause prolonged operative times.
Social support from nurses and non‐adherence with directly observed therapy (DOTS) maintenance phase among patients with tuberculosis in Metro Manila, Philippines
Authors: Baniqued Mikee G. , Ballecer Brylle Adrian P. , Ballesteros Blessie D. C. , Balmonte John Ray R. , Bancud Eunacia Maye F. , Rebueno Ma. Carina D. R. , Macindo John Rey B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of community health nurses' social support on non‐adherence with the maintenance phase of directly observed therapy (DOTS) among patients with tuberculosis (TB).DesignProspective‐cohort.SampleOne hundred purposively selected patients with TB starting with DOTS maintenance phase.MeasurementsParticipants answered the robotfoto and Berlin Social Support Scale (BSSS) to assess demographics and social support provided by nurses. Non‐adherence was measured using the attendance record and documented in an abstraction form. Cox proportion‐hazards regression determined the influence of social support provided by nurses to non‐adherence.ResultsWith a median adherence of 3 weeks, 15% of the sample was non‐adherent. The hazard of non‐adherence was lower with high perceived emotional support (HR = 0.25, p = .046), perceived instrumental support (HR = 0.20, p = .044), perceived support seeking (HR = 0.27, p = .045), and received emotional support (HR = 0.45, p = .045). High received emotional support increased non‐adherence (HR = 2.65, p = .039).ConclusionSocial support from nurses influenced DOTS non‐adherence among patients with TB, a critical issue in the development of drug‐resistance. Perceived emotional, instrumental, support seeking and received emotional support decreased the hazard of non‐adherence, while received emotional support increased non‐adherence. This study highlights the need to promote positive perception of instrumental support needs. Appropriate interventions should be provided to promote support‐seeking skills.
Vitamin D and Other Differentiation‐promoting Agents as Neoadjuvants for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Maytin Edward V. , Hasan Tayyaba 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using aminolevulinic acid (ALA), which is preferentially taken up by cancerous cells and converted to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), can be substantially improved by pretreating the tumor cells with vitamin D (Vit D). Vit D is one of several “differentiation‐promoting agents” that can promote the preferential accumulation of PpIX within the mitochondria of neoplastic cells, making them better targets for PDT. This article provides a historical overview of how the concept of using combination agents (“neoadjuvants”) for PDT evolved, from initial discoveries about neoadjuvant effects of methotrexate and fluorouracil to later studies to determine how vitamin D and other agents actually work to augment PDT efficacy. While this review focuses mainly on skin cancer, it includes a discussion about how these concepts may be applied more broadly toward improving PDT outcomes in other types of cancer.
Workforce Capacity in Municipal Government
Authors: Leon‐Moreta Agustin , Totaro Vittoria R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe central aim of this article is to examine trends in the municipal government workforce in metropolitan (urban) areas. It explores, from a local public economies perspective, how the intergovernmental organization of municipalities influences their workforce capacities. The article situates the local labor market in state‐local systems and examines how local governments respond to fragmentation in a metropolitan area. The main finding is that the employment capacity of municipalities varies widely across metro areas, with local and intergovernmental factors affecting municipal workforces and labor expenditures. Local capacities and the state's labor framework appear to be influential in the level of government employment. Facing various challenges, municipalities adapt their workforce levels to changing conditions in urban areas. While its main contribution is to research on local government capacity, the article also draws from the intergovernmental literature to identify factors that influence the workforce capacity of municipal governments.
Intentions to Seek Information About the Influenza Vaccine: The Role of Informational Subjective Norms, Anticipated and Experienced Affect, and Information Insufficiency Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated People
Authors: Lu Hang ,   APPC 2018–2019 ASK Group, Winneg Kenneth , Jamieson Kathleen Hall , Albarracín Dolores 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen deciding whether to vaccinate, people often seek information through consequential processes that are not currently well understood. A survey of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (N = 2,091) explored the factors associated with intentions to seek influenza vaccine information in the 2018–2019 influenza season. This survey shed light on what motivates intentions to seek information about the influenza vaccine through the lens of the risk information seeking and processing (RISP) model. The model explained information‐seeking intentions well among both unvaccinated and vaccinated respondents. Key findings show that informational subjective norms, information insufficiency, and different types of affect are strong predictors of information‐seeking intentions. Theoretical insights on extending the RISP model and practical guidance on designing interventions are provided.
Monitoring the sedimentary budget and dislocated boulders in western Greece – results since 2008
Authors: Hoffmeister Dirk , Curdt Constanze , Bareth Georg 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDislocated boulders are one sign of high‐energy wave impacts on coasts. These high‐energy impacts, caused by severe storms or tsunamis, can trigger initial cracking and transport of boulders. Monitoring of these boulders, as well as the associated coastal sites is important in distinguishing between gradual coastal processes and high‐energy events. Western Greece is a seismically active area, where tsunamis and high‐energetic storms might occur and such past events are documented by historic and geoscientific research, making it an ideal location for monitoring dislocated boulders. Since 2008, monitoring of eight different coastal sites in this region was conducted by terrestrial laser scanning and photogrammetric approaches, with low‐cost unmanned aerial vehicles. The re‐use of similar surveying points in following years, allowed highly accurate monitoring. Point clouds derived from these methods were evaluated for change detection by point cloud comparisons. The data were also used to establish accurate three‐dimensional models of dislocated boulders (n = 70). The determined boulder volumes of these accurate three‐dimensional models were incorporated in wave transport equations and wave decay curves, and compared with monitoring results. A comprehensive overview of dislocated boulders in western Greece is presented. Three‐dimensional boulder reconstruction is compared to an approach which uses a tape‐based measuring of boulder axes, with the tape‐based measurement showing a mean overestimation of mass by 32%. Accurate monitoring over time by both methods, is achieved by using fixed networks of reference points. Changes for each site over time, detected by direct point cloud comparisons, are fit to the possible inundation calculated by wave decay curves based on computed minimum wave heights for boulder transport. Both storm and tsunami waves may have initiated movement from the cliff edge and further transport is also possible. However, boulders showed no further movement from their current position in the area for the time period of this study.
Training for success: Do simulated aerial landings replicate successful aerial landings performed in the ocean?
Authors: Forsyth James R. , Riddiford‐Harland Diane L. , Whitting John W. , Sheppard Jeremy M. , Steele Julie R. 
Published: February 2020

PurposePhysical preparation of competitive surfers includes substantial dry‐land training. It is currently unknown, however, how closely these exercises replicate surfing maneuvers performed in the ocean. This study compared the technique features displayed by surfers when landing simulated aerial maneuvers on land to critical features previously established as necessary for surfers to successfully land aerials in the ocean during competition.MethodsFourteen competitive surfers (age 20.6 ± 5.7 years, height 178.1 ± 9.50 cm, mass 70.6 ± 10.8 kg) were recruited to perform two variations of a simulated aerial task, a Frontside Air (FA) and Frontside Air Reverse (FAR). Joint ranges of motion (ROM), center of pressure, and apparent gaze data were collected during the landing event. Paired t tests or Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were used to identify any significant differences in the outcome variables between the two aerial tasks.ResultsParticipants displayed 100% and 60% of the critical features associated with successfully landing a FA and FAR, respectively. In both the simulated FA and FAR, participants landed in 1.0‐3.7° of dorsiflexion, moving through significantly less ankle joint ROM in the lead limb during the FAR (P < .01). Participants also displayed significantly less knee and hip ROM (P = .002‐.048) while landing the FAR compared to the FA.ConclusionThe simulated FA and FAR tasks are appropriate training tools for surfers to replicate most of the critical features that a surfer should display to successfully land aerial maneuvers in the ocean. These tasks therefore enable surfers to practice these complex movements in a controlled environment.
Atopic dermatitis in a cohort of West Highland white terriers in Switzerland. Part II: estimates of early life factors and heritability
Authors: Rostaher Ana , Dolf Gaudenz , Fischer Nina Maria , Silaghi Cornelia , Akdis Cezmi , Zwickl Lena , Audergon Sabrina , Favrot Claude 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThere is accumulating evidence in studies of allergic diseases in humans and dogs that environmental experiences during the first months of life can influence the development of allergic disease. No prospective study has evaluated this in veterinary medicine.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo assess early‐life risk factors for canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) and estimate its heritability.AnimalsA West Highland white terrier birth cohort (n = 107) followed up to three years of age recording the development of cAD.Methods and materialsThe effect of environmental factors [house dust mites (HDM), hygiene, feeding, lifestyle] and early‐life determinants [breeder, mode of delivery, birth season, sex, litter size, early‐life immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels] were assessed, using Stata SE 15.1 statistical analysis. Heritabilities were estimated using the R program packages MCMCglmm and QGglmm.ResultsMaternal allergic status [P = 0.013, odds ratio (OR 3.3)], male sex (P = 0.06), mode of delivery (P = 0.12), breeder (P = 0.06), presence of HDM (P = 0.11) and environmental hygiene level (P = 0.15) were identified as possible influence factors by bivariate analyses. In the multivariate analysis the male sex was significantly associated with the development of cAD in the offspring (P = 0.03, OR 2.4). The heritabilities on the observed scale were 0.31 (direct), 0.04 (maternal genetic effects) and 0.03 (maternal permanent environmental effects).Conclusion and clinical importanceThese results suggest that several environmental factors could influence the development of cAD but clearly demonstrate the genetic influence of the individual and the dam. Further studies are needed to identify specific environmental factors, which could be potential targets for primary disease intervention.
In vitro effects of lactated Ringer's solution, hypertonic saline, hydroxyethyl starch, hypertonic saline/hydroxyethyl starch, and mannitol on thromboelastographic variables of canine whole blood
Authors: Chan Adelina , Hughes Dez , Tennent‐Brown Brett S. , Boller Manuel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the in vitro effects of crystalloid and colloid IV fluids on the thromboelastographic (TEG) variables of canine whole blood.DesignIn vitro experimental study.SettingVeterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsTwenty‐two healthy dogs.InterventionCitrated whole blood samples collected from healthy dogs were diluted with 3.4% hypertonic saline (HTS 3.4), 7% hypertonic saline (HTS 7), and 20% mannitol at 8% and 16% dilutions; hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (HES 130/0.4) at 16% dilution; lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) at 16%, 33%, and 66% dilutions; and HTS 7‐HES 130/0.4 at 25% and 50% dilutions. Kaolin‐activated TEG analysis was concurrently performed on diluted and control (undiluted) samples.Measurements and Main ResultsDilution of canine whole blood with LRS compared to control reduced α angle and MA at both 33% (P = 0.009 and P = 0.011, respectively) and 66% dilution (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), and prolonged K time at 66% dilution (P = 0.003). At 16% dilution, HTS 3.4, prolonged R time (P = 0.007), while mannitol, a fluid iso osmolar to HTS 3.4, prolonged K time (P = 0.006), reduced α angle (P < 0.001), MA (P = 0.046), and LY60 (P = 0.015). At 8% dilution, HTS 7, a fluid of high osmolarity and tonicity, prolonged R time (P = 0.009) and reduced MA (P = 0.015), while all measured TEG variables were altered at the 16% dilution (P < 0.01 for all variables). HES 130/0.4 reduced α angle (P = 0.031) and MA (P = 0.001) and increased LY60 (P < 0.001) at 16% dilution. Comparing different fluid types, HES 130/0.4 and HTS 3.4 had no to minor, mannitol intermediate, and HTS 7 profound effects on TEG variables (P < 0.05) when compared to LRS at the same dilution.ConclusionsIn vitro dilution of canine whole blood with commonly used IV fluids leads to thromboelastographic changes consistent with hypocoagulability in a dose dependent manner for all fluid types tested. Viscoelastic changes are also influenced by fluid characteristics, specifically tonicity and osmolarity.
Systemic lime sulfur toxicosis secondary to dermal exposure in two cats
Authors: Nix Colette E. , Lee Justine A. , Wismer Tina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a case series of systemic lime sulfur toxicosis secondary to topical administration in 2 cats.Case SummaryTwo cats from the same household that were being previously treated for Microsporum canis were presented following topical administration of an incorrectly diluted lime sulfur dip. A 30% solution was used rather than the recommended 3% solution, resulting in a 10‐fold concentration overdose. The cats presented to the emergency service 1 hour after dermal application of the lime sulfur product at home. The first cat, a 2‐year‐old female, intact Cornish Rex, had severe hypotension, bradycardia, and hypothermia. Chemical burns were also present on the ventrum and paws. Clinicopathological data revealed profound acid–base disturbances, hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and azotemia. After aggressive fluid resuscitation, electrolyte supplementation, and treatment, the patient was stabilized and discharged after 5 days of hospitalization; full recovery was later reported. The second littermate, also a 2‐year‐old female, intact Cornish Rex, presented the following day with similar clinical signs, physical examination findings, and clinicopathological findings. After supportive care and 2 days of hospitalization, the patient was also discharged and reported to fully recover.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis case series is the first to report systemic toxicosis secondary to dermal exposure of lime sulfur. As lime sulfur is commonly used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of ectoparasites, veterinary professionals should be aware of the significant signs of poisoning that can be seen as a result of iatrogenic dosing errors by pet owners or veterinary professionals.
ANTISTRUCTURE AND THE ROOTS OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE
Authors: Wood Connor 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe cognitive and evolutionary sciences of religion offer a standard model of religious representations, but no equivalent paradigm for investigating religiously interpreted altered states of consciousness (religious ASCs). Here, I describe a neo‐Durkheimian framework for studying religious ASCs that centralizes social predictive cognition. Within a processual model of ritual, ritual behaviors toggle between reinforcing normative social structures and downplaying them. Specifically, antistructural ritual shifts cognitive focus away from conventional affordances, collective intentionality, and social prediction, and toward physical affordances and behavioral motivations that make few references to others’ intentional states. Using synchrony and dance as paradigmatic examples of antistructural ritual that stimulate religious ASCs, I assemble literature from anthropology, cognitive neuroscience, and philosophy of language to offer fruitful empirical predictions and opportunities for testing based on this framework. Among the empirical predictions is that antistructural ritual may provide for cultural change in religions when religions are construed as complex adaptive systems.
A CULTURAL EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH TO MODERNITY: WHAT MIGHT IT MEAN FOR CHRISTIAN FAITH?
Authors: Patterson Colin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis essay introduces, for theological consideration, some recent work in the field of cultural evolutionary theory, specifically the kin‐influence hypothesis. This theory holds that, following the beginnings of industrialization and economic growth, a nation's fertility rate commences a decline, which is further abetted by the consequent and increasing imbalance in the relative influence of kin versus nonkin influences on individuals in favor of the latter. It is further proposed that this process is itself a major independent factor in the emergence of many of the features of what is called modernity, among which is that of secularization. Extending further this work, I argue that, given the historic alignment of family and religious values in Christian nations, a loss of religious belief and practice is, at least in part, the spill over effect of the opposing influence of values emerging from ever more dominant nonfamily social interaction. I conclude with some reflections on possible theological implications.
THE CONCEPT OF CONTINUOUS CREATION PART I: HISTORY AND CONTEMPORARY USE
Authors: Revol Fabien 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe concept of continuous creation is now widely used in the context of reflections on the dialogue between science and religion. The first part of this research work seeks to understand its meaning through a twofold elaboration: (1) the historical setting of the three philosophical trends in which this concept was developed: scholastic (conservation), Cartesian (conservation through repetition of the creative act at each instant), and dynamic (interpreting the emergence of radical and contingent novelty in nature as a sign of the continuity of creation); (2) a philosophical and theological critique of the concept of continuous creation regarding the question of the relationship between change and creation, in the light of its highly polymorphous contemporary use, and, in opposition, its absence within the Catholic Magisterium. This work opens the field a further step toward reflection on a renewed concept of continuous creation.