bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract C026: Energy-related risk factors and breast cancer subtypes in African American women
Authors: Fortune Mieke , Dujon Steffie-Ann , Fadden Mary K , Lipworth Loren , Sanderson Maureen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the association between energy-related risk factors and breast cancer subtypes in African American women. We hypothesized that African American women with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), based on being negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, would be less likely to have energy-related risk factors than women with other breast cancer subtypes (1) estrogen receptor positive (ER+), and (2) estrogen receptor negative (ER-). Methods: African American women ages 25-75 years diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer in 2009-2014 in Tennessee, South Carolina, and Georgia were eligible for the study. A total of 697 women (premenopausal n=156; postmenopausal n=541) provided information on energy-related risk factors in a telephone interview and consented to review of tumor tissue. Energy-related risk factors were defined as: no physical activity (54%), high meat intake (upper quartile), obese class II/III (32%), and high weight gain since age 18 (upper quartile). Breast cancer subtype was obtained from pathology reports that accompanied tumor tissue. Results: Although not significantly different, premenopausal (odds ratio (OR) 1.34) and postmenopausal (OR 1.26) women with TNBC were more likely to have high meat intake relative to women with ER+ disease. Premenopausal, but not postmenopausal, women with TNBC were also more likely to have high weight gain since age 18. Women with ER- disease were more likely to have high meat intake, be obese class II/III, and have high weight gain than women with ER+ disease which was more pronounced among premenopausal than postmenopausal women. Conclusions: Histologic subtyping is currently being performed on collected tissue to confirm the reported breast cancer subtypes in the pathology reports. The large number of African American women participating in our study can further our understanding of the relationships between energy-related risk factors and breast cancer subtypes in this population.
Citation Format: Mieke Fortune, Steffie-Ann Dujon, Mary K Fadden, Loren Lipworth, Maureen Sanderson. Energy-related risk factors and breast cancer subtypes in African American women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C026.
Abstract C121: Cervical cancer knowledge and perceptions among women in Malawi: Qualitative data from a high-burden, low-resource setting
Authors: Moucheraud Corrina , Kawale Paul , Kafwafwa Savel , Bastani Roshan , Hoffman Risa M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Coverage of routine cervical cancer screening in Malawi is very low, even though it has the highest cervical cancer burden in the world. We performed a multi-level assessment of Malawian women’s knowledge and perceptions of cervical cancer risk and screening, following recent scale-up of screening and treatment programs. Methods: Based on the Multi-Level Health Outcomes Framework, we conducted interviews with 60 adult Malawian women at facilities that offer cervical cancer screening; eligible participants were recruited regardless of HIV status or history of cervical cancer screening. Trained female researchers asked women about their experiences with and opinions of cervical cancer disease and screening. Interviews were audio recorded with permission, transcripts were translated from Chichewa (the local language) to English, and a theory-informed codebook was developed. Analysis focused on thematic differences across groups by age, HIV status and screening history. Results: Half of the sample (n=30) had either never been screened for cervical cancer or were at the facility for their first-ever screen. Most women said that cervical cancer is dangerous, and many knew someone affected. Many women spoke about the importance of screening for prevention of cancer. Risk factors were generally well-understood, including increased risk with HIV, although this was misunderstood by some HIV-negative women to mean they were not at risk. Gender issues were highly salient, relating to sexual transmissibility, husbands’ support of screening, and modesty if screened by a male clinician. Women had commonly heard rumors about the procedure being painful or dangerous. Conclusions: Despite high knowledge among Malawian women about cervical cancer disease and the importance of screening, there remain significant challenges. This study highlights the role of interpersonal and system-level barriers. Future work should work to strengthen service delivery, target social networks and spouses, and develop targeted language for HIV-positive and -negative groups especially in high-burden settings.
Citation Format: Corrina Moucheraud, Paul Kawale, Savel Kafwafwa, Roshan Bastani, Risa M Hoffman. Cervical cancer knowledge and perceptions among women in Malawi: Qualitative data from a high-burden, low-resource setting [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C121.
Abstract C127: Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in a sample of 21- to 29-year-old women living in Puerto Rico
Authors: Leon Yaritza , Ruiz Lynnette A , Calo William A , Vadaparampil Susan T , Velez-Cintron Rosa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. High-risk HPV infections are observed in women with genotypes 16 and 18, among others, and are the main risk factor for cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is the seventh most diagnosed cancer among women in Puerto Rico, and accounts for 2.5% of mortality rates. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of high-risk HPV, in a large cohort of women ages 21 to 29 living in Puerto Rico during 2014-2016. Method: A retrospective longitudinal analysis was performed to a sample of 5,749 HPV results that were recorded in a clinical database of Puerto Rican women ages 21 to 29 from 2014-2016. Furthermore, the prevalence of the high-risk HPV genotypes, 16 and / or 18, was ascertained along with the proportion of women who resolved the initial positive infection during the study period. Results and Conclusion: We found that among those with a positive HPV result, about one-third (35.17%) had a high-risk HPV infection. Women between the ages 21 to 23 showed the highest prevalence (40.6%) of high-risk HPV compared to the other age groups. Among all high-risk HPV, genotype 16 was the most prevalent. About a subsample of 458 women had at least two positive results of HPV infection, 217 of those women had an initial positive result for HPV and only 108 (49.7%) showed a resolution of the infection. Our study confirms there is a high prevalence of high-risk HPV in young women compared to other age groups. Discussion: Women with persistent HPV infection have a major risk factor for developing cervical cancer. There is an urgent need to develop a good prevention strategy to reduce the high-risk HPV infections, especially in the younger population, as was shown in this study. Future research is needed to assess the impact of preventive methods, such as the HPV vaccine, and the outcome in the prevalence and incidence of cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers. Promoting education and awareness could further reduce the HPV-associated cancer burden, prevalence and incidence in this minority population.
Citation Format: Yaritza Leon, Lynnette A Ruiz, William A Calo, Susan T Vadaparampil, Rosa Velez-Cintron. Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in a sample of 21- to 29-year-old women living in Puerto Rico [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C127.
Abstract C130: The cultural experiences of gender and sexual minorities accessing preventative breast cancer screenings: Making medical settings more inclusive to increase uptake
Authors: Tredway Kristi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In analyzing the cultural obstacles that gender and sexual minorities (GSM), specifically gender-nonconforming women and transpeople, face when accessing preventative breast cancer screenings, I have uncovered various intersections that are in play. The primary feature for this particular study is specific female body parts, the breasts, which may or may not produce conflicted feelings for GSM. Other intersections include gender performances, sex, race, and sexuality, along with educational status and economic status (which facilitates gaining health insurance) in terms of the importance, affordability, and understanding of breast cancer screenings. This is all done with the backdrop of a terrifying and deadly disease without early detection. GSM are the most underserved within this realm of medicine, and it is my contention that there are specific cultural obstacles causing this. Recently, there has been growing evidence that gender-nonconforming women and transpeople access breast screenings less often than their counterparts (Hiestand, Horne & Levitt, 2007; Wang, Griffiths & Grande, 2017, 2018; Barefoot, Warren & Smalley, 2017; Bazzi, Whorms, King & Potter, 2015; Tabaac, Sutter, Wall & Baker, 2018); however, as of yet, there have been no large-scale analyses to determine exactly what the cultural features are that are causing obstacles for these two groups in getting breast cancer screenings. Themes have emerged from my initial interviews for this project that will guide the much larger study. The underlying cultural features specific to GSM accessing medical settings as well as these themes that have emerged from the data will be the focus of my presentation.
Citation Format: Kristi Tredway. The cultural experiences of gender and sexual minorities accessing preventative breast cancer screenings: Making medical settings more inclusive to increase uptake [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C130.
Abstract C135: Notch as an immunologic basis of cancer disparity
Authors: Shanker Anil , Massion Pierre P , Carbone David P , Dikov Mikhail M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Identification of the host immune factors that influence naturally occurring lymphocyte responses is an important prerequisite to successfully design a successful immunotherapeutic modality. Lymphocytes, such as T-cells and NK cells differ significantly in their ability to mediate antitumor responses depending on the genetic and immunophenotypic constitution of the individuals. The major histocompatibility and the leukocyte receptor complexes are the two most polymorphic regions of the human immune genome. Individuals with increasingly diverse repertoires of MHC class-I molecules have a greater potential for their polyclonal T cells and natural killer (NK) cells to be responsive. Our work suggested that lymphocyte repertoire varies with host backgrounds and that tumor antigen-reactive activated CD8+T cells could enhance intratumoral NK cell function. Furthermore, our data indicate that by modulating the expression of hematopoietic and dendritic cell (DC) Notch ligands, tumors negatively direct lymphocyte differentiation away from their effector phenotype. In human lung tumor infiltrates, we noted a significant correlation between Notch ligand Jag1 or Jag2-expressing dendritic cells with the programmed cell death protein PD-1-expressing CD8+T-effector-memory cells (p = 0.0005). PD-1 expression in T-cells signifies their exhaustion, thus diminishing their survival and antitumor function. These differences in Notch components could underlie poor prognosis in African-Americans (AA). In the clinical trial NCT00774176, the expression of mastermind-like protein-1 that affects Notch-dependent angiogenesis correlated with COPD exacerbation in AA. Also, Notch2 N-terminal-like protein (N2N) was upregulated in various carcinomas as per the TCGA database, with increased N2N expression in AA relative to Caucasians (p = 0.0037). N2N represses the transcriptional activities of Notch2 and Notch1 intracellular domains, which we showed are important for antitumor T-cell function and memory. The comparative analysis of Caucasians and AA lung cancer patient tumor samples show appreciable ethnicity-specific differences in T-cell Notch parameters. Correspondingly, disparities in the expression of Notch components in ethnic minorities can affect antitumor lymphocyte immunity and impact cancer relapse.
Citation Format: Anil Shanker, Pierre P Massion, David P Carbone, Mikhail M Dikov. Notch as an immunologic basis of cancer disparity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C135.
Abstract D008: Resolving disparities in cancer patient outcomes in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Monroe Nalisha 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Caribbean Cancer Research Initiative (CCRI) began as a result of the alarming rates of various cancer types in the Caribbean and the lack of data and credible sources of information on the prevalence of cancer in the region. What we do know is that Trinidad and Tobago has one of the highest cancer mortality rates in the Caribbean. Some explanations for this disparity can be lack of treatment innovation, educational gaps regarding screening, shortcomings in health care administration and cultural biases. Preliminary data indicates that Trinidad has one of the highest breast cancer mortality rates in the Americas. The five year breast cancer survival rate is at approximately 30% compared to over 90% in the US. The median time to diagnostic resolution based on preliminary research is 65 days, approximately 3 times what is it in US and Canada. CCRI’s mission is to build the cancer research capacity in the Caribbean starting in Trinidad which will aid in preventing more cancers and improving patient outcomes in the Caribbean. One of the main programs of the organization is the patient navigation service which is designed to meet the needs of persons diagnosed with cancer and their family members. This service has highlighted some of the contributing factors to cancer disparities in Trinidad. Examples of these that will be featured on this poster are socioeconomic factors, cultural phenomenon, geographical factors and poor access to proper care. The Caribbean Cancer Research Initiative is committed to assist patients to overcome their barriers to gain better outcomes, which will aid in resolving disparities in cancer health in Trinidad.
Citation Format: Nalisha Monroe. Resolving disparities in cancer patient outcomes in Trinidad and Tobago [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr D008.
Abstract D065: Investigating the Interplay of monocytes in the tumor microenvironment of glioblastomas
Authors: Tayyab Maryam , Gyamfi Maame , Caponegro Michael , Tsirka Dr. Styliani-Anna (Stella) 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We are members of INDUCER- Increasing Diversity in Undergraduate Cancer Biology Education & Research. Our program strives to give opportunities to experience cancer research to underrepresented students interested in the biomedical sciences. We want to help bridge the gap in medicine between Caucasians and People of Color and combat racial disparity. We utilize the GL261 cell line in the murine model to study and understand glioblastomas and their tumor microenvironment, which includes microglia and macrophages. Microglia function as macrophages of the central nervous system, play a critical role in the innate and adaptive responses to pathogens and can take on a pro-inflammatory/anti-tumorigenic (M1) or anti-inflammatory/pro-tumorigenic (M2) phenotype. Our research introduces Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R), which is expressed by both microglia and macrophages, whose signaling is critical for their proliferation and survival. Pexidartinib is a CSF1R inhibitor drug developed by Plexxikon Inc (PLX), a pharmaceutical company. They have generated PLX3397 and PLX5622. Each drug inhibits specific kinases, for example, PLX3397 inhibits c-KIT, CSF1R, and FLT3, which are key players in tumor proliferation, while PLX5622 is a specific inhibitor that only targets CSF1R signaling. Both PLX3397 and PLX5622, provided to mice in their chow, ablate microglia in the CNS of wild type mice, without affecting peripheral macrophages. Upon discontinuation of the diet, microglia repopulate the CNS. PLX73086 is a second generation CSF1R inhibitor, and little is known about its effects on microglia and macrophages. What is known is that it should only ablate macrophages in the periphery, not affecting the CNS because it is not expected to cross the Blood Brain Barrier. Upon the discontinuation of the diet, repopulation is similarly expected. In our research, we studied the effects of PLX73086 on macrophages and microglia of the murine glioma model, after being fed the diet for 7 days and 7 days off the diet. We compared the extent of ablation and repopulation of the tissue.
Citation Format: Maryam Tayyab, Maame Gyamfi, Michael Caponegro, Dr. Styliani-Anna (Stella) Tsirka. Investigating the Interplay of monocytes in the tumor microenvironment of glioblastomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr D065.
Abstract D066: A prospective study on chemotherapy-induced anemia using serial hemoglobin measurement in cancer patients undergoing treatment at National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Aruah Simeon Chinedu , Oyesegun Rasaq , Ogbe Oche , Ezikeanyi Sampson , Aniwada Elias , Dosanjh Manjit , Wroe Laurence , Coleman Norman 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Anaemia is a common complication of myelo-suppressive chemotherapy. Severe anaemia is usually treated with red blood cell transfusion, however, mild-to-moderate anaemia are most often managed conservatively. There is no universally established benchmark for haemoglobin of patients selected for cancer chemotherapy to guide a global best practice and enhance patients treatment outcome and their quality of life. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the change in Hb levels of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy measuring Hb after treatment. Materials & Methods: A total of 100 voluntary patients with solid malignancies were recruited within a period of eight (8) months. Baseline demographic characteristics and type of tumours were documented. Pre-treatment Hb level was measured on the first day of consultation and repeated every 2 weeks during and after the therapy until after three consecutive Hb readings (6 weeks). Results & Analysis: All data were analysed using IBM statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. 88 of the 100 cancer patients were female. Breast 68% (68) was the commonest site of tumour. Prevalence of anaemia in the study was 72% and majority of the patients had their Hb within the range of 9.60 g/dl to 10.62 g/dl at the end of their treatment. At P-value &gt;0.05 and standard deviation there was no statistical significance on distribution of mean haemoglobin values, were independent of sex and type of treatment. Conclusion and Recommendation: Our results show that chemotherapy has no significant effect on Hb level between 11 g/dl to 12 g/dl. Prevalence of anaemia in the cohort of patients was 72%. We recommend a benchmark minimum of Hb of 11 g/dl for all patients being selected for chemotherapy in Nigeria.
Citation Format: Simeon Chinedu Aruah, Rasaq Oyesegun, Oche Ogbe, Sampson Ezikeanyi, Elias Aniwada, Manjit Dosanjh, Laurence Wroe, Norman Coleman. A prospective study on chemotherapy-induced anemia using serial hemoglobin measurement in cancer patients undergoing treatment at National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr D066.