bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of cerebrovascular disease among 13 457 five‐year survivors of childhood cancer: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Reulen Raoul C. , Guha Joyeeta , Bright Chloe J. , Henson Katherine E. , Feltbower Richard G. , Hall Marlous , Kelly Julie S. , Winter David L. , Kwok‐Williams Michelle , Skinner Roderick , Cutter David J. , Frobisher Clare , Hawkins Mike M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSurvivors of childhood cancer treated with cranial irradiation are at risk of cerebrovascular disease (CVD), but the risks beyond age 50 are unknown. In all, 13457 survivors of childhood cancer included in the population‐based British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort were linked to Hospital Episode Statistics data for England. Risk of CVD related hospitalisation was quantified by standardised hospitalisation ratios (SHRs), absolute excess risks and cumulative incidence. Overall, 315 (2.3%) survivors had been hospitalised at least once for CVD with a 4‐fold risk compared to that expected (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.7‐4.3). Survivors of a central nervous system (CNS) tumour and leukaemia treated with cranial irradiation were at greatest risk of CVD (SHR = 15.6, 95% CI: 14.0‐17.4; SHR = 5.4; 95% CI: 4.5‐6.5, respectively). Beyond age 60, on average, 3.1% of CNS tumour survivors treated with cranial irradiation were hospitalised annually for CVD (0.4% general population). Cumulative incidence of CVD increased from 16.0% at age 50 to 26.0% at age 65 (general population: 1.4‐4.2%). In conclusion, among CNS tumour survivors treated with cranial irradiation, the risk of CVD continues to increase substantially beyond age 50 up to at least age 65. Such survivors should be: counselled regarding this risk; regularly monitored for hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes; advised on life‐style risk behaviours. Future research should include the recall for counselling and brain MRI to identify subgroups that could benefit from pharmacological or surgical intervention and establishment of a case‐control study to comprehensively determine risk‐factors for CVD.
Genetically predicted levels of circulating cytokines and prostate cancer risk: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Sun Xiaohui , Ye Ding , Du Lingbin , Qian Yu , Jiang Xia , Mao Yingying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInflammation is considered to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cancer, and observational studies have reported a relationship between circulating inflammation markers and the risk of prostate cancer. Using summary data of >140 000 individuals, two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to evaluate whether circulating levels of 27 cytokines and growth factors have a causal effect on the risk of developing prostate cancer. Genetically predicted elevated levels of monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) were associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (odds ratio (OR) per 1 SD increase = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04‐1.09) at Bonferroni‐adjusted level of significance (P < 1.85 × 10−3). Results were stable across sensitivity analyses, and there was no evidence of directional pleiotropy. Under MR assumptions, our findings suggested a risk‐increasing effect of circulating MCP‐1 levels on prostate cancer. Whether targeting MCP‐1 or its downstream effectors are useful in reducing prostate cancer incidence needs further investigation.
The “unnatural” history of colorectal cancer in Lynch syndrome: Lessons from colonoscopy surveillance
Authors: Ahadova Aysel , Seppälä Toni T. , Engel Christoph , Gallon Richard , Burn John , Holinski‐Feder Elke , Steinke‐Lange Verena , Möslein Gabriela , Nielsen Maartje , ten Broeke Sanne W. , Laghi Luigi , Dominguez‐Valentin Mev , Capella Gabriel , Macrae Finlay , Scott Rodney , Hüneburg Robert , Nattermann Jacob , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann , Bläker Hendrik , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus , Sampson Julian R. , Vasen Hans , Mecklin Jukka‐Pekka , Møller Pål , Kloor Matthias 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIndividuals with Lynch syndrome (LS), one of the most common inherited cancer syndromes, are at increased risk of developing malignancies, in particular colorectal cancer (CRC). Regular colonoscopy with polypectomy is recommended to reduce CRC risk in LS individuals. However, recent independent studies demonstrated that a substantial proportion of LS individuals develop CRC despite regular colonoscopy. The reasons for this surprising observation confirmed by large prospective studies are a matter of debate. In this review, we collect existing evidence from clinical, epidemiological and molecular studies and interpret them with regard to the origins and progression of LS‐associated CRC. Alongside with hypotheses addressing colonoscopy quality and pace of progression from adenoma to cancer, we discuss the role of alternative precursors and immune system in LS‐associated CRC. We also identify gaps in current knowledge and make suggestions for future studies aiming at improved CRC prevention for LS individuals.
Phase II study evaluating the association of gemcitabine, trastuzumab and erlotinib as first‐line treatment in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (GATE 1)
Authors: Assenat Eric , Mineur Laurent , Mollevi Caroline , Lopez‐Crapez Evelyne , Lombard‐Bohas Catherine , Samalin Emmanuelle , Portales Fabienne , Walter Thomas , de Forges Hélène , Dupuy Marie , Boissière‐Michot Florence , Ho‐Pun‐Cheung Alexandre , Ychou Marc , Mazard Thibaut 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn a previous phase II study (THERAPY), cetuximab and trastuzumab combination, as second‐line after progression with gemcitabine, showed disease stabilization in 27% of 33 patients with pancreatic carcinoma. In the present phase II multicenter study, we assessed the efficacy and tolerance of gemcitabine, trastuzumab plus erlotinib as first‐line treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer. The primary endpoint was disease control rate (DCR, RECIST v.1); secondary endpoints were progression‐free (PFS), overall (OS) survival and toxicity (NCI‐CTCAE v3.0). Ancillary study addressed the predictive value of both EGFR/HER2 expression and KRAS mutational status. Sixty‐three patients from four centers were included (62 evaluable for toxicity, 59 for efficacy), median age was 62 years (35‐77), 59.7% men. The median treatment duration was 16.1 weeks (2.1‐61). Eleven patients (19%) reported a partial tumor response, and 33 (56%) disease stabilization. DCR was 74.6% (95%CI: 61.8‐85.0; 44/59 patients). After a median follow‐up of 23.3 months (0.6‐23.6), median PFS was 3.5 months (95%CI: 2.4‐3.8) and median OS 7.9 months (95%CI: 5.1‐10.2). PFS was significantly longer in patients with grade ≥ 2 cutaneous toxicities vs patients with grade 0‐1 toxicities (HR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.33‐0.92, P = .020). Expression of EGFR and HER2 was correlated with PFS and OS in multivariate analysis; HER2 expression was correlated with the tumor response. Main severe toxicities were neutropenia (32%), cutaneous rash (37%) and thrombosis/embolisms (35.5%). This triplet combination is effective in terms of disease control, PFS and OS, and acceptable for safety. A larger study to investigate this combination compared to the standard regimen should be discussed.
Prevalence and predictors of precancerous cervical lesions among HIV‐positive women in Jos, north‐central Nigeria
Authors: Daniel Grace O. , Musa Jonah , Akindigh Terver M. , Shinku Francis , Shuaibu Samaila I. , Kwaghe Barka , Afolaranmi Tolulope , Okpala Chidi , Agbaji Oche , Sagay Atiene 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and predictors of precancerous cervical lesions among HIV‐positive women in Jos, Nigeria.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted from October 2017 to January 2018 among 326 HIV‐positive women. Cervical smears were collected for examination at the AIDS Preventive Initiative of Nigeria clinics of Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) and Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BhUTH), Jos, Nigeria. Demographic characteristics of participants were documented using a structured questionnaire. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21.ResultsOf the 326 participants, precancerous cervical lesions were present in 40 (12.2%) women: 4 (1.2%) had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 19 (5.8%) had low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 1 (0.3%) had atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 13 (4.0%) had high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 3 (0.9%) had high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, suspected for invasion. The multivariate logistics regression model showed that parity (odds ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 1.3–9.5, P=0.043) was a significant predictor of precancerous cervical lesions.ConclusionThe prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions among HIV‐infected women is relatively low compared to earlier reported prevalence in an HIV population in Jos. Increasing parity was a significant predictor.
Individual Variation in Adaptive Immune Responses and Risk of Hip Fracture—A NOREPOS Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Dahl Jesper , Holvik Kristin , Heldal Einar , Grimnes Guri , Hoff Mari , Finnes Trine E , Apalset Ellen M , Meyer Haakon E 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Immune-mediated bone loss significantly impacts fracture risk in patients with autoimmune disease, but to what extent individual variations in immune responses affect fracture risk on a population level is unknown. To examine how immune responses relate to risk of hip fracture, we looked at the individual variation in a post-vaccination skin test response that involves some of the immune pathways that also drive bone loss. From 1963 to 1975, the vast majority of the Norwegian adult population was examined as part of the compulsory nationwide Norwegian mass tuberculosis screening. These examinations included standardized tuberculin skin tests (TSTs). Our study population included young individuals (born 1940 to 1960 and aged 14 to 30 years at examination) who had all received Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination after a negative TST at least 1 year prior and had no signs of tuberculosis upon clinical examination. The study population ultimately included 244,607 individuals, whose data were linked with a national database of all hospitalized hip fractures in Norway from 1994 to 2013. There were 3517 incident hip fractures during follow-up. Using a predefined Cox model, we found that men with a positive or a strong positive TST result had a 20% (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.44) and 24% (HR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.03–1.49) increased risk of hip fracture, respectively, compared with men with a negative TST. This association was strengthened in sensitivity analyses. Total hip bone mineral density (BMD) was available for a limited subsample and similarly revealed a non-significantly reduced BMD among men with a positive TST. Interestingly, no such clear association was observed in women. An increased immune response after vaccination is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture decades later among men, possibly because of increased immune-mediated bone loss. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Idiopathic Scoliosis as a Rotatory Decompensation of the Spine
Authors: Castelein René M , Pasha Saba , Cheng Jack CY , Dubousset Jean 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Many years of dedicated research into the etiology of idiopathic scoliosis have not led to one unified theory. We propose that scoliosis is a mechanical, rotatory decompensation of the human spine that starts in the transverse, or horizontal, plane. The human spine is prone to this type of decompensation because of its unique and individually different, fully upright sagittal shape with some preexistent transverse plane rotation. Spinal stability depends on the integrity of a delicate system of stabilizers, in which intervertebral disc stiffness is crucial. There are two phases in life when important changes occur in the precarious balance between spinal loading and the disc's stabilizing properties: (i) during puberty, when loads and moment arms increase rapidly, while the disc's “anchor,” the ring apophysis, matures from purely cartilaginous to mineralized to ultimately fused to the vertebral body, and (ii) in older age, when the torsional stiffness of the spinal segments decreases, due to disc degeneration and subsequent laxity of the fibers of the annulus fibrosus. During these crucial periods, transverse plane vertebral rotation can increase during a relatively brief window in time, either as adolescent idiopathic or degenerative de novo scoliosis. Much more is known of the biomechanical changes that occur during disc aging and degeneration than of the changing properties of the disc during maturation. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Open communication of Duchenne muscular dystrophy facilitates disclosure process by parents to unaffected siblings
Authors: Sulmonte Laura A.G. , Bisordi Katharine , Ulm Elizabeth , Nusbaum Rachel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive childhood onset neuromuscular disease with no known cure. There is extensive literature about the impact of a diagnosis on the psychosocial well‐being of unaffected siblings, with a need for additional research to provide information about optimal ways to disclose this information to unaffected children. We sought to explore the parental experiences of disclosing a sibling's diagnosis of DMD to unaffected children who were age 8–17 years old either at the time of their sibling's diagnosis or presently. Parents were recruited through Maryland Muscular Dystrophy Association, Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Neuromuscular Center. An interview guide, rooted in family communication, was created to incorporate themes and topics found in literature specific to DMD and disclosure to unaffected siblings. We qualitatively explored these experiences through semi‐structured interviews and performed thematic analysis using a coding system to identify overarching themes and subthemes. Several main themes regarding challenges to the disclosure process emerged. We identified the following themes in procedural aspects of disclosure: lack of provider support, importance of the DMD community, and open and gradual timeline of disclosure. Under emotional experiences, we identified these themes: overwhelming nature, elements of surprise disclosure, and balancing parental and sibling needs. Most questions from unaffected siblings related to procedural elements of care such as treatments and equipment. Additional unanticipated themes emerged that may contribute to the knowledge of family culture surrounding DMD: the complex role of Facebook as a family resource, deferring carrier testing for siblings, and inclusion of DMD in school projects. While the process of disclosure is complicated by a variety of factors such as lack of provider support and overwhelming emotional burden, families highlight the importance of open communication in discussion with unaffected children.
Interdecadal and interannual evolution characteristics of the global surface precipitation anomaly shown by CMIP5 and CMIP6 models
Authors: Zhu Yuyao , Yang Saini 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models have limited capacity for depicting the variability of precipitation at interannual and interdecadal timescales. This study analyses the relative magnitude of interannual to multidecadal variability in annual precipitation across the world in the recently released CMIP6 dataset by quantifying the discrepancy between observed and modelled CMIP5 and CMIP6 data, considering both the absolute and relative magnitude of precipitation variability. We found that: (a) similar to CMIP5, CMIP6 models were short of capacity to simulate the non‐homogeneity in the relative magnitude of interdecadal variability, which is linked to prolonged drought and pluvials in terms of the strength value. The relative value of the interdecadal variability ranged from 15% to more than 30% in observation. Compared with observational data, the relative magnitude, having spatial uniformity, mostly ranged from 10 to 20% in CMIP5 and CMIP6. This result suggests that future projections lack a sufficient decadal variability in CMIP6, indicating a limited capacity for the prediction of floods and droughts in regions like central Africa, North America, and Amazonia; (b) Most individual models in CMIP6 had a better performance in terms of the spatial distribution of the interdecadal precipitation as compared to CMIP5. However, the absolute variations of the overall, interannual, and interdecadal precipitation of multi‐model ensemble simulations (MME) in CMIP6 were larger than those in CMIP5; (c) the underestimation of the interdecadal component in different areas was markedly decreased in East Asia, South Asia but increased in North and South Africa in CMIP6, when compared with CMIP5 and (d) For future scenarios, the higher the range of future forcing pathway is, the larger interdecadal and interannual variabilities are in all regions in CMIP6. For future persistent droughts and floods predicting in a specific region, it is necessary to consider the discrepancy between historical simulations and observational data, and select the performance‐plus models.
Influence of ripening stage and de‐astringency treatment on the production of dehydrated persimmon snacks
Authors: González Cristina M , Hernando Isabel , Moraga Gemma 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeasonal persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) crops have steadily increased in Spain; this has been linked to a significant increase in the postharvest production waste. Therefore, development of valorized products is of great interest. In this study, a hot air‐drying technique was used to obtain persimmon snacks. Slices from astringent and non‐astringent persimmons (submitted to de‐astringency treatment) at three different ripening stages were dried at 40 and 60 °C to reach 15 ± 3% water content.RESULTSAfter the drying treatment, dehydrated samples were harder, turned into a more orange hue angle, and had a reduced soluble tannin content. Dehydrated samples obtained from the astringent fruit at the most advanced ripening stage had similar soluble tannin content as the samples obtained from non‐astringent fruit, especially at 60 °C. Besides, a high correlation was observed between the level of astringency perceived by consumers and the decrease of soluble tannin content. Although, in the first ripening stage, consumers preferred the snacks obtained from non‐astringent fruits; in the last ripening stage, snacks produced from astringent fruits were equally accepted than the non‐astringent ones.CONCLUSIONTherefore, well‐accepted persimmon snacks are obtained from both astringent and non‐astringent fruits when advanced ripening stages of persimmon are used. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Phenolic contents, antioxidant potential and associated colour in sweet sorghum syrups compared to other commercial syrup sweeteners
Authors: Eggleston Gillian , Boue Stephen , Bett‐Garber Karen , Verret Chardcie , Triplett Alexa , Bechtel Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDKnowledge of the bioactive content of sweet sorghum syrups compared to other common food‐grade syrups will expand their utilisation as a food source. Total phenolic content (TPC), phenolics evaluated by high‐performance liquid chromatography, antioxidant 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), as well as colour of high‐fructose corn syrup (HFCS), corn, honey, maple, agave, rice and grain sorghum syrups, were compared to 10 commercial sweet sorghum syrups.RESULTSSweet sorghum syrups contained markedly higher (P ≤ 0.05) TPC (6471 ± 1823 mg L−1) compared to the other syrups (596 ± 497 mg L−1). HFCS, corn, white grain sorghum and rice syrups had negligible and low DPPH radical scavenging activities and ORAC values, respectively. DPPH activities, ORAC and colour values of the sweet sorghum syrups were also markedly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than other syrups and highly related. The predominant phenolic components identified in sweet sorghum syrups were phenolic acids. Ellagic acid and protocatechuic acid were found in sorghum syrups ranging in concentration from 335–1177 and 53–485 μg g−1, respectively. Sinapic acid was detected in several sorghum syrups, ranging in concentrations between 21 and 3654 μg g−1.CONCLUSIONHFCS, corn, white grain sorghum and rice syrups demonstrated low bioactivity with negligible and low DPPH activities and ORAC values, respectively. The TPC, DPPH, ORAC and colour values of the sweet sorghum syrups were related to each other and markedly (P ≤ 0.05) higher compared to the other syrups. Phenolic acids were the predominant phenolic compounds identified in sorghum syrups and represent potential for health benefits. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
A multivariate quantification of Box‐Behnken design assisted method development and validation of dextromethorphan hydrobromide and desloratadine simultaneously by reverse‐phase HPLC in in‐house syrup formulation
Authors: Alam Md. Irshad , Siddiqui Aquil ur‐Rahim , Khanam Nazia , Kamaruddin Shaikh Jalil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn innovative high‐performance liquid chromatography assay method was developed and validated for quantification of dextromethorphan hydrobromide and desloratadine simultaneously in monophasic liquid formulation by preparing syrup containing 30 mg/5 mL of dextromethorphan hydrobromide and 1.2 mg/mL of desloratadine. The chromatographic severance was executed by gradient solution A and B. The composition of buffer solution A contained 0.05 M monobasic potassium, then 1 mL triethylamine was added to it and the pH was adjusted to 2.3 with orthophosphoric acid. Methanol was used as solution B. The gradient elution was executed with Kromasil C8 (250 mm × 4.6 mm) column having 1.5 mL/min flow rate and 20 µL injection volume with UV‐estimation at 254 nm for dextromethorphan hydrobromide and DES. The present research was planned according to Box‐Behnken design by utilizing design expert software, using four factors such as column temperature (A), flow rate (B), mobile phase–organic phase (C), and pH (D); correspondingly the selected response variables were resolution between A and B, that is, desloratadine and methyl paraben (Y1), tailing of dextromethorphan hydrobromide (Y2), and tailing of desloratadine (Y3). The parameters such as system suitability, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and ruggedness were analyzed to validate the developed method in accordance with current regulatory guidelines.