bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear mixed convection flow of a tangent hyperbolic fluid with activation energy
Authors: Ibrahim Wubshet , Gizewu Tezera 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this communication, the dynamics of a non‐Newtonian tangent hyperbolic fluid with nanoparticles past a nonuniformly thickened stretching surface is discussed. We examine the impact of nonlinear mixed convection flow of a hyperbolic tangent fluid with the Cattaneo‐Christov heat and mass diffusion model past a bidirectional stretching surface. The effects of activation energy and magnetic field are incorporated in the analysis. The variables of transformations are used to change the nonlinear partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Then, these ODEs are numerically solved using the Matlab routine of the bvp4c algorithm. The derailed analysis of the influences of the governing parameters on velocities along the x‐ and y‐axes, temperature and concentration profiles are presented using tables and figures. The outcomes of these parameters reveal that the velocities along the x‐ and y‐axes are decreased for the values of We increasing but the opposite behavior is observed as the value of increases. The results also show that the values of and rise as the temperature profiles increase. Similar influences are observed on the profile of concentration as the values of and rise. As the values of go from 0.27 to 0.25, the skin‐friction coefficient increases, and similarly, as goes from 0.3 to 0.1, is enhanced.
Bridging the Information Gap Between Science and Society: A Solution to Nonpoint Source Contamination?
Authors: Nutile Samuel A , Simpson Adam M , Solan Megan E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The dissemination of information associated with scientific achievement serves to advance research and guide future experimentation. In the sphere of environmental science, such advancements aim to better characterize harmful chemicals and the factors that influence in situ toxicity, which is central to the protection of the environments upon which humans depend. While some information regarding the dangers associated with common anthropogenic contaminants reaches wider audiences, the nuance of this information is often lost, potentially leading to ineffective solutions, specifically as it relates to nonpoint source contamination. Bridging the divide between scientific research, regulatory implementation, and product innovation is imperative in order to find meaningful and lasting environmental solutions. Road de-icing salts are applied to impervious surfaces to protect human health and maintain the efficient transportation of goods by roadways during winter months. The toxicity of these salts in freshwater ecosystems is well understood and researched within the scientific community. Tentative regulations and solutions developed to mitigate the environmental damage caused by road de-icing salts, however, perfectly represent the disconnect between the scientific community and the general public. Here, we use road de-icing salt as an example of how such a disconnect can manifest in the form of ineffective solutions and regulatory standards, and we present a general framework by which environmental scientists can more effectively bridge the gap between the scientific community and society at large. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:415–420. © 2020 SETAC
Stimulus‐responsive room temperature phosphorescence in purely organic luminogens
Authors: Yang Jie , Fang Manman , Li Zhen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLuminogens that exhibit stimulus‐responsive room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have attracted significant attention for their applications in a wide range of fields such as data storage, sensors, and bio‐imaging. However, very few such materials are known, partly because of the unclear internal mechanism. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the field of stimulus‐responsive RTP in purely organic luminogens, focusing on their unique emission behaviors and internal mechanisms governing the phenomena. We also attempt to identify the relationship between the mechanism, luminogens, and possible applications.image
The eventful history of nonembryonic development in tunicates
Authors: Alié Alexandre , Hiebert Laurel S. , Scelzo Marta , Tiozzo Stefano 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTunicates encompass a large group of marine filter‐feeding animals and more than half of them are able to reproduce asexually by a particular form of nonembryonic development (NED) generally called budding. The phylogeny of tunicates suggests that asexual reproduction is an evolutionarily plastic trait, a view that is further reinforced by the fact that budding mechanisms differ from one species to another, involving nonhomologous tissues and cells. In this review, we explore more than 150 years of literature to provide an overview of NED diversity and we present a comparative picture of budding tissues across tunicates. Based on the phylogenetic relationships between budding and nonbudding species, we hypothesize that NED diversity is the result of seven independent acquisitions and subsequent diversifications in the course of tunicate evolution. While this scenario represents the state‐of‐the‐art of our current knowledge, we point out gray areas that need to be further explored to refine our understanding of tunicate phylogeny and NED. Tunicates, with their plastic evolution and diversity of budding, represent an ideal playground for evolutionary developmental biologists to unravel the genetic and molecular mechanisms regulating nonembryonic development, as well as to better understand how such a profound innovation in life‐history has evolved in numerous metazoans.
Koilocytic changes are not elicited by human papillomavirus genotypes with higher oncogenic potential
Authors: Okodo Mitsuaki , Okayama Kaori , Teruya Koji , Kimura Hirokazu , Noji Natsumi , Ishii Yasuyoshi , Fujii Masahiko , Oda Mizue , Sasagawa Toshiyuki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKoilocytes are considered a common cytopathological effect in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Thus, we aimed to elucidate whether koilocytes are common to all HPV infections. Liquid‐based cytology samples from 651 patients with abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) test results were used to analyze the presence of koilocytes and HPV genotype. HPV genotype was determined in complete liquid cytology samples and microdissected cell samples from Pap smear slides using the uniplex E6/E7 polymerase chain reaction method, which can detect 39 mucosal HPV genotypes. Koilocytes were found in 29.3% (191) of all patients. Logistical regression analysis of diverse HPV genotypes revealed that infections with low‐risk HPV types (HPV‐6b, HPV‐40, HPV‐42, HPV‐61, HPV‐74, HPV‐89, and HPV‐90), probably high‐risk HPV types (HPV‐53 and HPV‐66), and high‐risk types (HPV‐39 and HPV‐56) were significantly associated with the presence of koilocytes. However, HPV‐16, HPV‐18, and HPV‐52, which have higher oncogenic potential, were not found to be associated with koilocytes. These results were confirmed by HPV genotyping using microdissected koilocytes in 27 patients.Most common high‐risk types belonging to α‐9 and α‐7 genotypes appear to rarely induce koilocytic changes. Therefore, koilocytes may provide additional useful information for predicting the risk of progression to high‐grade lesions.
The role of the macrophage in tendinopathy and tendon healing
Authors: Sunwoo Joo Y. , Eliasberg Claire D. , Carballo Camila B. , Rodeo Scott A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe role of the macrophage is an area of emerging interest in tendinopathy and tendon healing. The macrophage has been found to play a key role in regulating the healing process of the healing tendon. The specific function of the macrophage depends on its functional phenotype. While the M1 macrophage phenotype exhibits a phagocytic and proinflammatory function, the M2 macrophage phenotype is associated with the resolution of inflammation and tissue deposition. Several studies have been conducted on animal models looking at enhancing or suppressing macrophage function, targeting specific phenotypes. These studies include the use of exogenous biological and pharmacological substances and more recently the use of transgenic and genetically modified animals. The outcomes of these studies have been promising. In particular, enhancement of M2 macrophage activity in the healing tendon of animal models have shown decreased scar formation, accelerated healing, decreased inflammation and even enhanced biomechanical strength. Currently our understanding of the role of the macrophage in tendinopathy and tendon healing is limited. Furthermore, the roles of therapies targeting macrophages to enhance tendon healing is unclear. Clinical Significance: An increased understanding of the significance of the macrophage and its functional phenotypes in the healing tendon may be the key to enhancing tendon healing. This review will present the current literature on the function of macrophages in tendinopathy and tendon healing and the potential of therapies targeting macrophages to enhance tendon healing.
Pre‐ and post‐trip antecedents of destination image for non‐visitors and visitors: A literature review
Authors: Yilmaz Yildirim , Yilmaz Yusuf 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this review study, it is aimed to reveal the antecedents of destination image (DI) through analyzing the findings of quantitative studies published between 1999 and 2019. Findings suggest that DI could be handled with pretrip and posttrip DI separately. Antecedents of pre and post DI are divided as destination‐based and personal‐based antecedents. Making such a categorization and mapping the findings of studies accordingly helps to clarify our understanding about the DI formation process. A model is suggested considering the pre and posttrip destination and personal‐based antecedents in the literature to explain the affective, cognitive, and overall DI.
Renal Dysfunction After Liver Transplantation: Effect of Donor Type
Authors: Kollmann Dagmar , Neong Shuet Fong , Rosales Roizar , Hansen Bettina E. , Sapisochin Gonzalo , McCluskey Stuart , Bhat Mamatha , Cattral Mark S. , Lilly Les , McGilvray Ian D. , Ghanekar Anand , Grant David R. , Selzner Markus , Wong Florence S. H. , Selzner Nazia 
Published: March 2020

Recipients of donation after circulatory death (DCD) grafts are reportedly at higher risk of developing renal dysfunction after liver transplantation (LT). We compared the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) after LT in recipients of DCD versus donation after brain death (DBD) or living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) livers. Adult recipients of DBD, LDLT, and DCD between 2012 and 2016 at Toronto General Hospital were included. AKI was defined as a post‐LT increase of serum creatinine (sCr) ≥26.5 µmol/L within 48 hours or a ≥50% increase from baseline, and CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/minute for >3 months. A total of 681 patients (DCD, n = 57; DBD, n = 446; and LDLT, n = 178) with similar baseline comorbidities were included. Perioperative AKI (within the first 7 postoperative days) was observed more frequently in the DCD group (61%; DBD, 40%; and LDLT, 44%; P = 0.01) and was associated with significantly higher peak AST levels (P < 0.001). Additionally, patients in the DCD group had a significantly higher peak sCr (P < 0.001) and a trend toward higher rates of AKI stage 3 (DCD, 33%; DBD, 21%; LDLT, 21%; P = 0.11). The proportions of recovery from AKI (DCD, 77%; DBD, 72%; LDLT, 78%; P = 0.45) and patients developing CKD (DCD, 33%; DBD, 32%; LDLT, 32%; P = 0.99) were similar. Nevertheless, patients who received DCD or DBD LT and required perioperative renal replacement therapy showed significantly lower patient survival in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 7.90; 95% confidence interval, 4.51‐13.83; P < 0.001). In conclusion, recipients of DCD liver grafts experience higher rates of short‐term post‐LT renal dysfunction compared with DBD or LDLT. Additional risk factors for the development of severe kidney injury, such as high Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score, massive transfusions, or donor age ≥60 years should be avoided.
Effects of microstructure evolution on discharge properties of AZ31 alloy as anode for seawater battery
Authors: Xie Qiuyuan , Ma Aibin , Jiang Jinghua , Li Yuhua , Wang Jiajia , Wang Lisha , Klu Edwin Eyram 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn recent years, many researchers have been focusing on improving the discharge properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy for battery applications. In this paper, the equal‐channel angular pressing (ECAP) is used as a preferred way of refining the microstructure to enhance the discharge characteristics of AZ31 alloy as the anode for seawater batteries. The electrochemical discharge behaviors of ECAP‐processed AZ31 alloy are investigated along extrusion surfaces, normal cross‐sections, and transverse cross‐sections and compared with as‐cast and homogenized samples. On the basis of the findings, the anode efficiency is improved effectively through the ECAP method, with approximate isotropy in the discharge behaviors of refined AZ31 alloy. The enhanced discharge performance can be attributed to the refined grains, uniform grain sizes, and dispersed β‐Mg17Al12 after ECAP processing.
Multilocus sequence typing of Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infection patients and from fecal samples of healthy subjects in a college community
Authors: Matsui Yusuke , Hu Yuan , Rubin Julia , de Assis Reginara Souza , Suh Joy , Riley Lee W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCommunity‐acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide. Escherichia coli is the most common cause of community‐acquired UTI. In general, UTI results from E. coli in the intestine that enters the bladder via the urethra. However, whether these E. coli strains that cause UTI represent members of the intestinal commensal E. coli or a distinct subgroup of pathogenic E. coli remains unestablished. Here, we analyzed E. coli isolates from fecal samples of healthy volunteers and urine samples of UTI patients obtained from a university‐affiliated health center. The E. coli isolates were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). From May to October 2018, we analyzed 89 E. coli isolates from 76 (75%) rectal swabs from 113 unique healthy volunteers. We also analyzed 106 (27%) E. coli isolates from 398 unique urine samples collected between August and October 2018. Fecal and urine E. coli isolates each contained 31 distinct sequence types (STs). Nine STs were shared by fecal and urine E. coli isolates, which accounted for approximately 50% of urine isolates typed by MLST. Among the shared genotypes, ST10 and ST131 were significantly more frequently found in fecal samples, whereas ST95 and ST127 were significantly more frequently recovered from UTI samples. ST73 was found only among urine samples. These E. coli genotypes clustered and fluctuated over time. These observations suggest that E. coli genotypes found to cause UTI transiently colonize the intestine and that their primary reservoir may reside outside of the human intestine.
Modulation of receptor binding to collagen by glycosylated 5‐hydroxylysine: Chemical biology approaches made feasible by Carpino's Fmoc group
Authors: Cudic Maré , Fields Gregg B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe creation of the 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group by the Carpino laboratory facilitated the synthesis of peptides containing acid‐sensitive groups, such as O‐linked glycosides. To fully investigative collagen biochemistry, one needs to assemble peptides that possess glycosylated 5‐hydroxylysine (Hyl). A convenient method for the synthesis of Fmoc‐Hyl(ε‐tert‐butyloxycarbonyl (Boc), O‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyl [TBDMS]) and efficient methods for the synthesis of Fmoc‐Hyl[ε‐Boc,O‐(2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl)] have been developed. Glycosylated Fmoc‐Hyl derivatives were used to construct a series of types I‐IV collagen‐model triple‐helical peptides (THPs) that incorporated known or proposed receptor binding sites. Glycosylation of Hyl was found to strongly down‐regulate the binding of CD44 and the α3β1 integrin to collagen, while the impact on α2β1 integrin binding was more modest. Molecular modeling of integrin binding indicated that Hyl glycosylation directly impacted the association between the α3β1 integrin metal ion‐dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) and the receptor binding site within type IV collagen. The Fmoc solid‐phase strategy ultimately allowed for chemical biology approaches to be utilized to study tumor cell interactions with glycosylated collagen sequences and document the modulation of receptor interactions by Hyl post‐translational modification.
A chemical‐kinetic model of DBDs in Ar‐H2O mixtures
Authors: Klages Claus‐Peter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA simplified chemical‐kinetic model was applied to Ar‐H2O dielectric‐barrier discharges (DBDs), presuming that dissociation processes are only due to energy transfer from excited Ar species. Good agreement was obtained between the densities of HO, H2, and O2 and experimental data from the literature, whereas a discrepancy for H2O2 could not be explained. The model is useful for designing DBD reactors and process development. Steady‐state densities of H atoms increase with decreasing fractions of which should be kept below 0.1% to obtain a large zone of virtually constant and large H‐atom density in the DBD reactor, whereas the HO density is hardly affected by . O2 contaminations must be kept well below 100 ppm in to attain maximum H‐atom densities.
Vertical diffusion and cloud scheme coupling to the Charney–Phillips vertical grid in GRAPES global forecast system
Authors: Chen Jiong , Ma Zhanshan , Li Zhe , Shen Xueshun , Su Yong , Chen Qiying , Liu Yongzhu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSpatial aspects of the physics–dynamics coupling in the Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES) for global medium‐range numerical weather prediction (GRAPES_GFS) are studied. As a Charney–Philips (CP) grid is used for the dynamics but all physical processes are calculated on a Lorenz grid in GRAPES_GFS V2.2 and its previous versions, interpolation has to be used for potential temperature and moisture between full and half levels in the physics–dynamics coupling. Besides interpolation error, a computational mode appears in the solutions of the vertical heat diffusion equations. An idealised test using a simple one‐dimensional heat conduction equation shows definitively that inconsistency of vertical grid in the dynamics–physics coupling and an improper boundary condition can together produce the computational mode. Based on 1st‐order K‐closure, a modified parametrization scheme for implementation of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme on the CP grid (PBL_CP) has been developed, together with a cloud scheme implementation on the CP grid (CLOUD_CP), such that there is no need for interpolation for both the PBL and cloud scheme coupling to the dynamics. By using the PBL_CP scheme in a case‐study, the computational mode in potential temperature and moisture predictions is shown to have been successfully eliminated and the corresponding vertical profiles appear to be reasonably smooth. Because of the improvements in potential and absolute temperature and moisture predictions, the prediction of low‐level cloud water has also been improved greatly. Meanwhile, the prediction of water vapour at high levels is more reasonable with CLOUD_CP. Consistent with these improvements in a case‐study, an overall and significant enhancement is found in 8‐day forecasts of absolute temperature, moisture, vector wind and stratocumulus with the revised model in a 4D‐Var (four‐dimensional variational) cycle experiment over a period of 3 months.Key points
A revised PBL scheme called PBL_CP was developed on a Charney–Phillips grid in the GRAPES_GFS model to avoid interpolation in the coupling of vertical heat diffusion to the dynamical equations.
Implementation of the PBL_CP scheme in GRAPES_GFS eliminates the computational mode in potential temperature and moisture prediction in the PBL.
The revised model containing PBL_CP and cloud implementation on the CP grid has improved the GRAPES_GFS forecasts of absolute temperature, moisture, vector winds and stratocumuli significantly.
Sub‐seasonal to seasonal prediction of rainfall extremes in Australia
Authors: King Andrew D. , Hudson Debra , Lim Eun‐Pa , Marshall Andrew G. , Hendon Harry H. , Lane Todd P. , Alves Oscar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSeasonal climate prediction to date has largely focussed on probabilistic forecasts for above‐ and below‐average conditions in climate means. Here, we examine the possibility of making sub‐seasonal to seasonal outlooks for daily‐scale precipitation extremes in Australia. We first use observational data to show that significant relationships exist between climate modes, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, and indices representing rainfall extremes across much of Australia. The strong observed teleconnections between climate modes and daily rainfall extremes suggest the potential for predictability on seasonal scales. The current Australian Bureau of Meteorology seasonal prediction system (ACCESS‐S1) is examined for performance in predicting rainfall extreme indices using a range of measures. Ensemble hindcasts, consisting of 11 members initialised every month during 1990–2012, perform well for some extreme rainfall indices on short lead‐times (up to 1 month). We note that at short lead‐times, forecasts are aided by skilful weather prediction, so forecast performance drops at lead‐times of a week or more. Forecast performance is lower in austral summer than other seasons and greater in the north and interior of the continent, particularly in the dry season, than elsewhere. The ACCESS‐S1 ensemble is overconfident but exhibits some reliability in probabilistic forecasts of above‐ or below‐average number of wet days and intensity of the highest daily maximum precipitation, especially in northern Australia. ACCESS‐S1 captures the broad pattern of relationships between climate modes and rainfall extremes that are observed. For two case‐studies of unusually extreme precipitation, ACCESS‐S exhibits contrasting performance for forecasts of extreme rainfall anomalies beyond the first month. These results suggest that ACCESS‐S1 may be used to produce outlooks for some rainfall indices, such as the number of wet days and the intensity of the wettest day, for the month ahead.
Evaluation of the effect of piezo‐intracytoplasmic sperm injection on the laboratory, clinical, and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Fujii Yoshitaka , Endo Yuji , Mitsuhata Shingo , Hayashi Momoko , Motoyama Hiroaki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeLimited research has been published on the effect of piezo‐assisted intracytoplasmic sperm injection (P‐ICSI). We evaluated the effect of P‐ICSI on the laboratory, clinical, and neonatal outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective study was based on the data collected between April 2011 and October 2016. Total 1348 mature oocytes from 145 patients were analyzed. Laboratory, clinical, and neonatal outcomes of those given conventional intracytoplasmic sperm injection (C‐ICSI) and those administered P‐ICSI were examined.ResultsP‐ICSI showed significantly more favorable results, with a survival rate of 97.0% (C‐ICSI: 94.1%, P < .010) and a fertilization rate of 83.5% (C‐ICSI: 70.6%, P < .001). There were no differences in the blastocyst development rate, implantation rate, miscarriage rate, live birth rate, gestational age, birth weight, proportion of male neonates, cesarean section rate, and congenital abnormalities between the two patient groups.ConclusionsOur comparison of P‐ICSI with C‐ICSI showed that P‐ICSI significantly improved the survival and fertilization.