bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
I Have a Fear of Negative Evaluation, Get Me Out of Here! Examining Latent Constructs of Social Anxiety and Autistic Traits in Neurotypical and Autistic Young People
Authors: Lei Jiedi , Russell Ailsa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding shared and unique constructs underlying social communication difficulties in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) can address potential diagnostic overshadowing when evaluating SAD in the context of autism. Using self-report measures, factor analyses examined constructs underlying autistic traits, social anxiety, internalising symptoms and wellbeing amongst 267 neurotypical (17–19 years) and 145 autistic (15–22 years) students in the UK. Shared constructs across measures assessed general social communication competency (e.g., social distress in new situations and peer relationships). Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE) was identified in both samples as a stable construct unique to social anxiety. Adapting interventions targeting SAD in autism should target FNE during adolescence which marks a period of heightened peer interaction and social vulnerability.
Experimental testing and numerical simulations of blast-induced fracture of dolomite rock
Authors: Baranowski Paweł , Mazurkiewicz Łukasz , Małachowski Jerzy , Pytlik Mateusz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the Johnson-Holmquist II (JH-2) model with parameters for a dolomite rock was used for simulating rock fragmentation. The numerical simulations were followed by experimental tests. Blast holes were drilled in two different samples of the dolomite, and an emulsion high explosive was inserted. The first sample was used to measure acceleration histories, and the cracking pattern was analyzed to perform a detailed study of the blast-induced fracture to validate the proposed method of modelling and to analyze the capability of the JH-2 model for the dolomite. The second sample was used for further validation by scanning the fragments obtained after blasting. The geometries of the fragments were compared with numerical simulations to further validate the proposed method of modelling and the implemented material model. The outcomes are promising, and further study is planned for simulating and optimizing parallel cut-hole blasting.
On an improved adaptive reduced-order model for the computation of steady-state vibrations in large-scale non-conservative systems with friction joints
Authors: Yuan Jie , Schwingshackl Christoph , Wong Chian , Salles Loïc 
Published: August 2020

AbstractJoints are commonly used in many large-scale engineering systems to ease assembly, and ensure structural integrity and effective load transmission. Most joints are designed around friction interfaces, which can transmit large static forces, but tend to introduce stick-slip transition during vibrations, leading to a nonlinear dynamic system. Tools for the complex numerical prediction of such nonlinear systems are available today, but their use for large-scale applications is regularly prevented by high computational cost. To address this issue, a novel adaptive reduced-order model (ROM) has recently been developed, significantly decreasing the computational time for such high fidelity simulations. Although highly effective, significant improvements to the proposed approach is presented and demonstrated in this paper, further increasing the efficiency of the ROM. An energy-based error estimator was developed and integrated into the nonlinear spectral analysis, leading to a significantly higher computational speed by removing insignificant static modes from the stuck contact nodes in the original reduced basis, and improving the computational accuracy by eliminating numerical noise. The effectiveness of the new approach was shown on an industrial-scale fan blades system with a dovetail joints, showing that the improved adaptive method can be 2–3 times more computationally efficient than the original adaptive method especially at high excitation levels but also effectively improve the accuracy of the original method.
Personal identity, transformative experiences, and the future self
Authors: Crone Katja 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe article explores the relation between personal identity and life-changing decisions such as the decision for a certain career or the decision to become a parent. According to L.A. Paul (Paul 2014), decisions of this kind involve “transformative experiences”, to the effect that - at the time we make a choice - we simply don’t know what it is like for us to experience the future situation. Importantly, she claims that some new experiences may be “personally transformative” by which she means that one may become a “new kind of person” having a different subjective perspective and “identity”. The article discusses this understanding of a transformed future self. It will be argued that different notions of identity can be distinguished with respect to Paul’s claim: the notion of identity in the sense of a (core) personality as well as the notion of numerical identity in the sense of sameness. By distinguishing these two notions it will become more clear how a future experience may indeed qualify as “personally transformative”. Moreover, it will be shown that the notion of a self-understanding of persons helps to further clarify the kind of change at issue.
Combining Social Media and Survey Data to Nowcast Migrant Stocks in the United States
Authors: Alexander Monica , Polimis Kivan , Zagheni Emilio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMeasuring and forecasting migration patterns has important implications for understanding broader population trends, for designing policy effectively and for allocating resources. However, data on migration and mobility are often lacking, and those that do exist are not available in a timely manner. Social media data offer new opportunities to provide more up-to-date demographic estimates and to complement more traditional data sources. Facebook’s Advertising Platform, for example, is a potentially rich data source of demographic information that is regularly updated. However, Facebook’s users are not representative of the underlying population. This paper proposes a statistical framework to combine social media data with traditional survey data to produce timely ‘nowcasts’ of migrant stocks by state in the United States. The model incorporates bias adjustment of Facebook data, and a pooled principal component time series approach, to account for correlations across age, time and space. We use the model to estimate and project migrants from Mexico, India and Germany, three migrant groups with varying levels and trends of migration in the US. By comparing short-term projections with data from the American Community Survey, we show that the model predictions outperform alternatives that rely solely on either social media or survey data.
Temporally Coherent General Dynamic Scene Reconstruction
Authors: Mustafa Armin , Volino Marco , Kim Hansung , Guillemaut Jean-Yves , Hilton Adrian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExisting techniques for dynamic scene reconstruction from multiple wide-baseline cameras primarily focus on reconstruction in controlled environments, with fixed calibrated cameras and strong prior constraints. This paper introduces a general approach to obtain a 4D representation of complex dynamic scenes from multi-view wide-baseline static or moving cameras without prior knowledge of the scene structure, appearance, or illumination. Contributions of the work are: an automatic method for initial coarse reconstruction to initialize joint estimation; sparse-to-dense temporal correspondence integrated with joint multi-view segmentation and reconstruction to introduce temporal coherence; and a general robust approach for joint segmentation refinement and dense reconstruction of dynamic scenes by introducing shape constraint. Comparison with state-of-the-art approaches on a variety of complex indoor and outdoor scenes, demonstrates improved accuracy in both multi-view segmentation and dense reconstruction. This paper demonstrates unsupervised reconstruction of complete temporally coherent 4D scene models with improved non-rigid object segmentation and shape reconstruction and its application to various applications such as free-view rendering and virtual reality.
Development and Validation of a Hopkinson Bar for Hazardous Materials
Authors: Quinn R.M. , Zhang L.H. , Cox M.J. , Townsend D. , Cartwright T. , Aldrich-Smith G. , Hooper P.A. , Dear J.P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
There are a variety of approaches that can be employed for Hopkinson bar compression testing and there is no standard procedure.

Objectives
A Split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) testing technique is presented which has been specifically developed for the characterisation of hazardous materials such as radioactive metals. This new SHPB technique is validated and a comparison is made with results obtained at another laboratory.

Methods
Compression SHPB tests are performed on identical copper specimens using the new SHPB procedures at Imperial College London and confirmatory measurements are performed using the well-established configuration at the University of Oxford. The experiments are performed at a temperature of 20 ∘C and 200 ∘C. Imperial heat the specimens externally before being inserted into the test position (ex-situ heating) and Oxford heat the specimens whilst in contact with the pressure bars (in-situ heating). For the ex-situ case, specimen temperature homogeneity is investigated both experimentally and by simulation.

Results
Stress-strain curves were generally consistent at both laboratories but sometimes discrepancies fell outside of the inherent measurement uncertainty range of the equipment, with differences mainly attributed to friction, loading pulse shapes and pulse alignment techniques. Small metallic specimens are found to be thermally homogenous even during contact with the pressure bars.

Conclusion
A newly developed Hopkinson bar for hazardous materials is shown to be effective for characterising metals under both ambient and elevated temperature conditions.
Clinical Experience with COVID-19 at a Specialty Orthopedic Hospital Converted to a Pandemic Overflow Field Hospital
Authors: Miller Andy O. , Kapadia Milan , Kirksey Meghan A. , Sandhu Milan , Jannat-Khah Deanna , Bui Trang , Boyle K. Keely , Krez Alexandra , Russell Linda , O'Neill Jennifer , Stein Emily M. , Henry Michael W. , Antao Vinicius C. , Padgett Douglas E. 
Published: August 2020

Background COVID-19, the illness caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has sickened millions and killed hundreds of thousands as of June 2020. New York City was affected gravely. Our hospital, a specialty orthopedic hospital unaccustomed to large volumes of patients with life-threatening respiratory infections, underwent rapid adaptation to care for COVID-19 patients in response to emergency surge conditions at neighboring hospitals. Purposes We sought to determine the attributes, pharmacologic and other treatments, and clinical course in the cohort of patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to our hospital at the height of the pandemic in April 2020 in New York City. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of all patients admitted between April 1 and April 21, 2020, who had a diagnosis of COVID-19. Data were gathered from the electronic health record and by manual chart abstraction. Results Of the 148 patients admitted with COVID-19 (mean age, 62 years), ten patients died. There were no deaths among non-critically ill patients transferred from other hospitals, while 26% of those with critical illness died. A subset of COVID-19 patients was admitted for orthopedic and medical conditions other than COVID-19, and some of these patients required intensive care and ventilatory support. Conclusion Professional and organizational flexibility during pandemic conditions allowed a specialty orthopedic hospital to provide excellent care in a global public health emergency.
Pre-failure behaviour of reconstituted peats in triaxial compression
Authors: Muraro S. , Jommi C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses the results of an experimental programme designed to investigate the deviatoric behaviour of peats. The results are obtained from triaxial experiments carried out on reconstituted peat samples. The interpretation of the experimental results follows a hierarchical approach in an attempt to derive the ingredients that an elastic–plastic model for peats should contain, including the yield locus, the hardening mechanism and the flow rule. The results obtained from stress tests along different loading directions show that purely volumetric hardening is not adequate to describe the deviatoric response of peat and that a deviatoric strain-dependent component should be included. The plastic deformation mechanism also depends on the previous stress history experienced by the sample. Stress and strain path dependence of the interaction mechanisms between the peat matrix and the fibres is discussed as a possible physical reason for the observed behaviour. This work offers a relevant set of data and information to guide the rational development and the calibration of constitutive laws able to model the deviatoric behaviour of peats.
Deformation Enhanced Diffusion in Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Robson J. D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Deformation introduces defects such as dislocations and excess vacancies that can strongly influence diffusion rates in aluminium alloys. This is of great importance in understanding the effect of deformation on processes such as precipitation hardening, which can be accelerated by orders of magnitude by the defects introduced. In this work, a simple and widely used classical model has been employed to explore the effect of process variables on diffusion enhancement due to deformation-induced excess vacancies and dislocations. It is demonstrated that in aluminium alloys, the strain rates and temperatures used in processing and testing encompass a range of regimes. At low strain rate or high temperature, a steady state becomes established in which the deformation enhancement depends on strain rate but not strain. Conversely, at high strain rate or low temperature, deformation enhancement is insensitive to strain rate but increases with strain. For all conditions, the effect of excess vacancies is much stronger than the direct effect of pipe diffusion along dislocations. The predicted deformation-induced vacancy concentration can exceed that expected after rapid quenching by an order of magnitude, but the lifetime of the deformation-induced vacancies is much shorter. Finally, limitations of the classical model and suggestions for improvement are proposed.
Techniques to Control Microbial Contaminants in Nonsterile Microalgae Cultivation
Authors: Pleissner Daniel , Lindner Astrid Victoria , Ambati Ranga Rao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this mini-review with own results was an identification of techniques to suppress the growth of microbial contaminants under photo- and mixotrophic conditions. Techniques identified are the modification of environmental conditions, such as pH, oxygen, and nutrient concentrations, as well as the application of pulsed electric field, ultrasonication, and surfactants. In phototrophic cultivations, the mentioned techniques result in a decrease of number of predatory cells, but not in a complete removal. Measures to suppress the growth of contaminations (e.g., bacteria and fungi) in mixotrophic cultivations could not be identified. The co-cultivation of algae and fungi, however, was found to be beneficial for the utilization of unusual carbon compounds (e.g., phenolic compounds).
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure Estimated Using the SHSES Scale and Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Gać Paweł , Czerwińska Karolina , Poręba Małgorzata , Macek Piotr , Mazur Grzegorz , Poręba Rafał 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the relationship between environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETS) and epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EATT) in hypertensive patients. A total of 96 patients with essential hypertension were recruited for this study. The group consisted of 48 females and 48 males with the mean age of 69.32 ± 9.54 years. ETS was assessed with The Secondhand Smoke Exposure Scale (SHSES). EATT was assessed in 128-slice dual source coronary computed tomography angiography. In accordance to SHSES scale patients were divided into subgroups: subgroup A—no ETS exposure (SHSES = 0 points, n = 48), subgroup B—low ETS exposure (SHSES = 1–3 points, n = 11), subgroup C—medium ETS exposure (SHSES = 4–7 points, n = 20) and subgroup D—high ETS exposure (SHSES = 8–11 points, n = 17). Within the study group the mean EATT was 5.75 ± 1.85 mm and the mean SHSES score was 3.05 ± 3.74. EATT was statistically significantly higher in subgroup D than in subgroups A and B (A: 5.28 ± 1.64 mm, B: 5.04 ± 2.64 mm, D: 7.04 ± 2.64 mm, pA–D and pB–D < 0.05). There was a positive linear correlation between the exposure to ETS expressed by the SHSES scale and EATT (r = 0.44, p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that higher SHSES score, higher BMI, and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure are independent risk factors for higher EATT values. Contrary, the use of ACE inhibitors and β-blockers appeared to be independent protecting factor against higher EATT values. There is an unfavorable positive relationship between ETS exposure estimated using the SHSES scale and EATT in hypertensive patients.
Subjective Outcome Evaluation of Service-Learning by the Service Recipients: Scale Development, Normative Profiles and Predictors
Authors: Shek D. T. L. , Yang Z. , Ma C. M. S. , Chai C. W. Y. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study validated a subjective outcome evaluation scale based on the perceptions of service recipients and examined the normative profiles as well as correlates of client satisfaction under a corporate-university-community Service-Learning (SL) programs, where university students conducted the SL programs with high school students as the service recipients. Based on data collected over three years from high school service recipients (N = 1854) who responded to a subjective outcome evaluation measure which assesses perceived program content, program implementers and benefits, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the three-factor model, and the three subscales showed good factorial validity, convergent validity, concurrent validity and internal consistency. Most of the service recipients had positive perceptions of the different aspects of the program. Regarding correlates of client satisfaction, the three aspects of satisfaction all had predictive effects on the overall client satisfaction. Client satisfaction ratings also differed significantly across different activities and grades.
Spinal CCL2 Promotes Pain Sensitization by Rapid Enhancement of NMDA-Induced Currents Through the ERK-GluN2B Pathway in Mouse Lamina II Neurons
Authors: Zhang Hui , Ma Sui-Bin , Gao Yong-Jing , Xing Jun-Ling , Xian Hang , Li Zhen-Zhen , Shen Shu-Ning , Wu Sheng-Xi , Luo Ceng , Xie Rou-Gang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that CCL2 (C–C motif chemokine ligand 2) induces chronic pain, but the exact mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we established models to explore the potential mechanisms. Behavioral experiments revealed that an antagonist of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibited not only CCL2-induced inflammatory pain, but also pain responses induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant. We posed the question of the intracellular signaling cascade involved. Subsequent experiments showed that CCL2 up-regulated the expression of phosphorylated ERK (pERK) and N-methyl D-aspartate receptor [NMDAR] subtype 2B (GluN2B); meanwhile, antagonists of CCR2 and ERK effectively reversed these phenomena. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that CCL2 enhanced the NMDAR-induced currents via activating the pERK pathway, which was blocked by antagonists of GluN2B and ERK. In summary, we demonstrate that CCL2 directly interacts with CCR2 to enhance NMDAR-induced currents, eventually leading to inflammatory pain mainly through the CCL2–CCR2–pERK–GluN2B pathway.
Calibration of the residual stresses with an active die during the ejection phase of cold extrusion
Authors: Franceschi Alessandro , Jaeger Fabian , Hoche Holger , Oechsner Matthias , Groche Peter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe resulting tensile residual stresses on the surface of cold full-forward extruded parts are unfavorable for the fatigue life of these parts. The final stress state is determined by the combination of two process stages: forming and ejection. This is due to the fact that the workpiece undergoes a second plastic deformation after forming during the ejection from the die. So far, literature is focusing mainly on the identification of the parameters affecting the residual stresses during the first stage. In the present paper, the attention is drawn to the ejection phase during cold extrusion of workpieces made out of the austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 L. First of all, a system consisting of an active die is presented. This technology allows the control of the applied pre-stress on the die during the process. It is experimentally and numerically demonstrated that a significant shift of the residual stress state in the near-surface region can be achieved. Even compressive axial and tangential residual stresses can be induced in this area. Also the limits of this system are numerically investigated. It is observed that a different deformation mechanism occurs above a certain pre-stress level. Finally, an analytical model is created and observations are presented relatively to the mechanisms that influence the plastic deformation during ejection.
Analysis of miRNA expression associated with the Lr46 gene responsible for APR resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Tomkowiak Agnieszka , Jędrzejewski Tomasz , Spychała Julia , Kuczyński Jakub , Kwiatek Michał T. , Tyczewska Agata , Skowrońska Roksana , Twardowski Tomasz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLr46/Yr29/Pm39(Lr46) is a gene for slow rusting resistance in wheat. The aim of the study was to analyze the miRNA expression in selected common wheat cultivars carrying resistance genes,Lr46among others (HN Rod, Pavon‘S’, Myna‘S’, Frontana‘S’, and Sparrow’S’) in response to leaf rust infection caused byPuccinia triticinaErikss. In the Pavon ‘S’, Myna ‘S’, Frontana‘S’, and Sparow‘S’ varieties a product with a length of 242 bp has been identified, which is specific to theXwmc44marker linked to the brown rust resistance geneLr46. In the next step, the differences in the expression of microRNA (miR5085 and miR164) associated with theLr46gene, which is responsible for different resistance of selected wheat cultivars to leaf rust, were examined using emulsion PCR (ddPCR). In the experiment, biotic stress was induced in mature plants by infecting them with fungal spores under controlled conditions in a growth chamber. For analysis the plant material was collected before inoculation and 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after inoculation. The experiments also showed that plant infection withPuccinia triticinaresulted in an increase in miR164 expression in cultivars carrying theLr46gene. The expression of miR164 remained stable in a control cultivar (HN ROD) lacking this gene. This has proved that miR164 can be involved in leaf rust resistance mechanisms.