bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical Presentations of COVID-19 in Care Home Residents presenting to Secondary Care: A UK Single Centre Study
Authors: Rawle Mark James , Bertfield Deborah Lee , Brill Simon Edward 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeThe United Kingdom (UK) care home population has experienced high mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Atypical presentations of COVID-19 are being reported in older adults and may pose difficulties for early isolation and treatment, particularly in institutional care settings. We aimed to characterise the presenting symptoms and associated mortality of COVID-19 in older adults, with a focus on care home residents and older adults living in the community.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive inpatients over 80 years old hospitalised with PCR confirmed COVID-19 between 10th March 2020 and 8th April 2020. Symptoms at presentation, including those associated with frailty, were analysed. Differences between community dwelling and care home residents, and associations with mortality, were assessed using between-group comparisons and logistic regression.ResultsCare home residents were less likely to experience cough (46.9% vs 72.9%, p=0.002) but more likely to present with delirium (51.6% vs 31.4%, p=0.018), particularly hypoactive delirium (40.6% vs 24.3%, p=0.043). Mortality was more likely in the very frail (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.00, 1.58, p=0.049) and those presenting with anorexia (OR 3.20, 95% CI 1.21, 10.09, p=0.028). There were no differences in either mortality or length of stay between those admitted from care homes and community dwelling older adults.ConclusionCOVID-19 in those over 80 does not always present with typical symptoms, particularly in those admitted from institutional care. These individuals have a reduced incidence of cough and increased hypoactive delirium. Individuals presenting atypically, especially with anorexia, have higher mortality.
Disease severity-specific neutrophil signatures in blood transcriptomes stratify COVID-19 patients
Authors: Aschenbrenner Anna C. , Mouktaroudi Maria , Krämer Benjamin , Antonakos Nikolaos , Oestreich Marie , Gkizeli Konstantina , Nuesch-Germano Melanie , Saridaki Maria , Bonaguro Lorenzo , Reusch Nico , Baßler Kevin , Doulou Sarandia , Knoll Rainer , Pecht Tal , Kapellos Theodore S. , Rovina Nikoletta , Kröger Charlotte , Herbert Miriam , Holsten Lisa , Horne Arik , Gemünd Ioanna D. , Agrawal Shobhit , Dahm Kilian , Uelft Martina van , Drews Anna , Lenkeit Lena , Bruse Niklas , Gerretsen Jelle , Gierlich Jannik , Becker Matthias , Händler Kristian , Kraut Michael , Theis Heidi , Mengiste Simachew , Domenico Elena De , Schulte-Schrepping Jonas , Seep Lea , Raabe Jan , Hoffmeister Christoph , ToVinh Michael , Keitel Verena , Rieke Gereon , Talevi Valentina , Aziz N. Ahmad , Pickkers Peter , van de Veerdonk Frank , Netea Mihai G. , Schultze Joachim L. , Kox Matthijs , Breteler Monique M.B. , Nattermann Jacob , Koutsoukou Antonia , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J. , Ulas Thomas ,   German COVID-19 Omics Initiative (DeCOI)
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is currently leading to increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients all over the world. Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic, mild respiratory tract infection, to severe cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, and death. Reports on a dysregulated immune system in the severe cases calls for a better characterization and understanding of the changes in the immune system. Here, we profiled whole blood transcriptomes of 39 COVID-19 patients and 10 control donors enabling a data-driven stratification based on molecular phenotype. Neutrophil activation-associated signatures were prominently enriched in severe patient groups, which was corroborated in whole blood transcriptomes from an independent second cohort of 30 as well as in granulocyte samples from a third cohort of 11 COVID-19 patients. Comparison of COVID-19 blood transcriptomes with those of a collection of over 2,800 samples derived from 11 different viral infections, inflammatory diseases and independent control samples revealed highly specific transcriptome signatures for COVID-19. Further, stratified transcriptomes predicted patient subgroup-specific drug candidates targeting the dysregulated systemic immune response of the host.
Reconstructing the early global dynamics of under-ascertained COVID-19 cases and infections
Authors: Russell Timothy W. , Golding Nick , Hellewell Joel , Abbott Sam , Wright Lawrence , Pearson Carl A B , Zandvoort Kevin van , Jarvis Christopher I , Gibbs Hamish , Liu Yang , Eggo Rosalind M. , Edmunds W. John , Kucharski Adam J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAsymptomatic or subclinical SARS-CoV-2 infections are often unreported, which means that confirmed case counts may not accurately reflect underlying epidemic dynamics. Understanding the level of ascertainment (the ratio of confirmed symptomatic cases to the true number of symptomatic individuals) and undetected epidemic progression is crucial to informing COVID-19 response planning, including the introduction and relaxation of control measures. Estimating case ascertainment over time allows for accurate estimates of specific outcomes such as seroprevalence, which is essential for planning control measures.MethodsUsing reported data on COVID-19 cases and fatalities globally, we estimated the proportion of symptomatic cases (i.e. any person with any of fever >= 37.5°C, cough, shortness of breath, sudden onset of anosmia, ageusia or dysgeusia illness) that were reported in 210 countries and territories, given those countries had experienced more than ten deaths. We used published estimates of the baseline case fatality ratio (CFR), which was adjusted for delays and under-ascertainment, then calculated the ratio of this baseline CFR to an estimated local delay-adjusted CFR to estimate the level of under-ascertainment in a particular location. We then fit a Bayesian Gaussian process model to estimate the temporal pattern of under-ascertainment.ResultsBased on reported cases and deaths, we estimated that, during March 2020, the median percentage of symptomatic cases detected across the 84 countries which experienced more than ten deaths ranged from 2.4% (Bangladesh) to 100% (Chile). Across the ten countries with the highest number of total confirmed cases as of 6th July 2020, we estimated that the peak number of symptomatic cases ranged from 1.4 times (Chile) to 18 times (France) larger than reported. Comparing our model with national and regional seroprevalence data where available, we find that our estimates are consistent with observed values. Finally, we estimated seroprevalence for each country. As of the 7th June, our seroprevalence estimates range from 0% (many countries) to 13% (95% CrI: 5.6% – 24%) (Belgium).ConclusionsWe found substantial under-ascertainment of symptomatic cases, particularly at the peak of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, in many countries. Reported case counts will therefore likely underestimate the rate of outbreak growth initially and underestimate the decline in the later stages of an epidemic. Although there was considerable under-reporting in many locations, our estimates were consistent with emerging serological data, suggesting that the proportion of each country’s population infected with SARS-CoV-2 worldwide is generally low.FundingWellcome Trust, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, DFID, NIHR, GCRF, ARC.
Modeling reductions in SARS-CoV-2 transmission and hospital burden achieved by prioritizing testing using a clinical prediction rule
Authors: Reimer Jody R. , Ahmed Sharia M. , Brintz Benjamin , Shah Rashmee U. , Keegan Lindsay T. , Ferrari Matthew J. , Leung Daniel T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrompt identification of cases is critical for slowing the spread of COVID-19. However, many areas have faced diagnostic testing shortages, requiring difficult decisions to be made regarding who receives a test, without knowing the implications of those decisions on population-level transmission dynamics. Clinical prediction rules (CPRs) are commonly used tools to guide clinical decisions. We used data from electronic health records to develop a parsimonious 5-variable CPR to identify those who are most likely to test positive, and found that its application to prioritize testing increases the proportion of those testing positive in settings of limited testing capacity. To consider the implications of these gains in daily case detection on the population level, we incorporated testing using the CPR into a compartmentalized disease transmission model. We found that prioritized testing led to a delayed and lowered infection peak (i.e. “flattens the curve”), with the greatest impact at lower values of the effective reproductive number (such as with concurrent social distancing measures), and when higher proportions of infectious persons seek testing. Additionally, prioritized testing resulted in reductions in overall infections as well as hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) burden. In conclusion, we present a novel approach to evidence-based allocation of limited diagnostic capacity, to achieve public health goals for COVID-19.One Sentence SummaryA clinical prediction rule to prioritize SARS-CoV-2 testing improves daily case detection, flattens and delays the curve, and reduces hospital burden.
Health care service quality: a journey so far
Authors: Upadhyai Raghav , Upadhyai Neha , Jain Arvind Kumar , Roy Hiranmoy , Pant Vimal 
Published: July 2020

PurposeHealth care service is a widely researched area. Several established models and instruments measuring health care service quality (HCSQ) are available in the published academic literature. The objective of this article is to summarize this vast pool of available knowledge under the themes of HCSQ, its determinants and measurement strategies.Design/methodology/approachSixty-three available published studies in peer reviewed journal combed in EBSCO and Google Scholar database have been examined and presented in exemplary literature review.FindingsThe findings have been segregated under the themes of HCSQ, its dimensions and determinants. It can be deduced from the findings that in spite of health care being a professional service, the user defined service quality takes center stage.Originality/valueRather than the seeker of care, the authors call for further research by taking a dyadic view of professional exchanges and including providers' perspectives of care in service quality evaluations as well.
Analyzing barriers and strategies for implementing Lean Six Sigma in the context of Indian SMEs
Authors: Gaikwad Sandesh Kanhu , Paul Ananna , Moktadir Md. Abdul , Paul Sanjoy Kumar , Chowdhury Priyabrata 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers for implementing Lean Six Sigma (LSS) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and present a framework that provides prioritized strategies to overcome the barriers.Design/methodology/approachThe barriers and strategies are identified via a comprehensive literature review and validated by industry experts. The study uses the fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (fuzzy TOPSIS) to analyze the barriers and strategies for determining the prioritized list of strategies.FindingsThe findings reveal that there are sixteen barriers to LSS implementation in Indian SMEs. To overcome these barriers, this study reveals twelve strategies. The analysis shows that “effective management” is the most crucial strategy to overcome the barriers for implementing LSS in Indian SMEs.Research limitations/implicationsThis research guides SMEs practitioners to efficiently and effectively implement LSS, which, in turn, can enhance the performance of SMEs.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by integrating the strategies with the barriers for implementing LSS in Indian SMEs. Besides, this study provides the prioritized list of strategies to overcome the barriers for implementing LSS in Indian SMEs.
Violent behaviour on construction sites: structural equation modelling of its impact on unsafe behaviour using partial least squares
Authors: Adinyira Emmanuel , Manu Patrick , Agyekum Kofi , Mahamadu Abdul-Majeed , Olomolaiye Paul Olaniyi 
Published: July 2020

PurposeWork on construction sites involves individuals with diverse character, temperament,age, physical strength, culture, religion and experience level. A good number of these individuals are also alleged to involve themselves in substance and alcohol abuse due to the physically demanding nature of their work. These could promote the prevalence of violence on construction sites which could in turn affect safety on construction sites. However, there is a lack of empirical insight into the effect of violent behaviour and unsafe behaviour on construction sites. This study therefore pioneers an empirical inquiry into the relationship between violent behaviour and unsafe behaviour on construction sites.Design/methodology/approachSeventeen violent behaviours and 15 unsafe behaviours were measured on 12 construction sites among 305 respondents using a structured questionnaire. A total of 207 valid questionnaire responses were collected from site workers. Partial least square–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was used to examine the relationship between violent behaviour and unsafe behaviour.FindingsThe results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between violent behaviour and unsafe behaviour on construction sites.Originality/valueThe findings from this study provide valuable insight into a less investigated dimension of the problem of construction site safety management. A focus on attitudinal issues such as how workers relate toward others and toward self should be an important consideration in safety improvement interventions on construction sites.
The passport nightmare: business process analysis in public service
Authors: Ramirez-Nafarrate Adrian , López-Hernández Carlos Eduardo 
Published: July 2020

Learning outcomes
Students should be able to: identify the elements of business processes; analyze efficiency measures; identify and define causes of poor efficiency in business process; analyze the results of a simulation model; propose process redesign alternatives based on the analysis; and acknowledge the challenges for improving public service processes.

Case overview/synopsis
The process to get a passport seems to be very simple, but Jose Hernandez, a Manufacturing Plant Director, has had bad experiences the past three times he has visited the passport office. He and his family have spent more than 3 h to get the passport for his little daughter, Maria. In this case, the authors illustrate the process analysis performed by Jose to find effective and efficient solutions to the problems that he found. The case study guides students through the analysis of a business process in public service from the perspective of the users. The students participating in the case analysis will not only learn to diagnose and describe the process but also to redesign it to achieve significant improvements. Furthermore, the students will realize that adding more resources to the process may not solve the fundamental issues, but analytical and creative skills are needed. In addition, the teaching notes provide a discussion about the existing challenges to improve public service processes.

Complexity academic level
Management and engineering undergraduate programs, operations management and business process design in Master of Business Administration programs.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 9: Operations and Logistics.
Young adults and homeownership in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Abidoye Rotimi Boluwatife , Puspitasari Gitta , Sunindijo Riza , Adabre Michael 
Published: July 2020

PurposeHomeownership, especially for young adults, is a significant challenge in nearly every country and Indonesia, the fourth most populous country in the world, is not exempted. Its capital city, Jakarta, has the lowest homeownership rate when compared with other cities and if this challenge remains unresolved, it could lead to more social and economic issues in the country. Hence, this study aims to investigate the homeownership of young adults in Jakarta, focussing on young adults’ opinions, perceptions and experiences regarding homeownership opportunities.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data from young adults in the study area. The collected data were analysed using the statistical package for the social sciences 24.0 software. Descriptive analysis, Cronbach’s alpha test, Pearson’s correlation test and mean score ranking were adopted to analyse the collected data.FindingsThe result shows that homeownership is driven by factors that are more functional and realistic (in terms of a place to live, marriage and parenthood) rather than those related to pride or social status representation (as a personal or career accomplishment). Unaffordability and insufficient income were ranked as crucial barriers to homeownership. Increasing the supply of affordable housing, controlling housing prices through government’s intervention and reducing mortgage interests are potential solutions to address this issue.Practical implicationsThe result of this research would be useful to young adults who are the participants of this study, property developers, lending institutions and the government concerning homeownership policy formulation, loan provision, affordable housing supply, etc.Originality/valueSpecific studies that focussed on the young adults’ homeownership in Jakarta, Indonesia is limited, therefore, this research provides an insight into the issue of young adults’ homeownership in the country. Also, the findings could be applicable in other developing countries that have similar characteristics to Indonesia.
Building the connection between nation and commercial brand: an integrative review and future research directions
Authors: He Jiaxun , Wang Cheng Lu , Wu Yi 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to provide an integrative review on nation branding literature and to identify new avenues for future research on embedding nation equity into commercial brands.Design/methodology/approachIntegrative review and analysis with conceptual development and future research directions.FindingsThe authors firstly identify conceptualizations and measurements of nation brand as national identity and as national image. Consistently, three theoretical perspectives investigating nation branding were given: first, the macro view focusing on nation brand broadly as political and cultural identity; second, the micro view focusing on nation brand as a country image; and finally, the integrative view using the emerging construct of nation equity. Inspired by the last theoretical view, the authors discuss four research foci that examine nation equity in commercial brands for future research.Originality/valueThe paper provides an integrative understanding of nation branding and identifies novel research opportunities to study this research field – building the connection between nations and commercial brands through nation equity.
Intellectual capital and performance of small and medium audit practices
Authors: Kaawaase Twaha Kigongo , Bananuka Juma , Peter Kwizina Thomson , Nabaweesi Jennifer 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the interactive effects of professionalism in the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and performance of small and medium audit practices (SMPs) within the context of a developing economy, Uganda.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through a questionnaire survey of 77 SMPs registered with the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Uganda through their managing partners. The authors utilized multiple regression analysis to test hypotheses using centered variables and an interaction term between IC and professionalism.FindingsIC is a significant determinant of performance of SMPs in Uganda; while professionalism when acting alone is not significant, however, results have shown that professionalism interacts with IC to enhance performance of SMPs.Research limitations/implicationsThis study, owing to the absence of publically available published financial statements of SMPs, utilizes a questionnaire to collect data on performance of SMPs which could be less objective. Further, as the study is limited to SMPs in Uganda, it is possible that the results are only applicable to Uganda’s accountancy field. In addition, the use of multiple regression is prone to problems associated with sampling error. However, the likelihood of these problems is mitigated by the interface with data and regression analysis diagnostics that were carried out.Originality/valueThis study provides initial empirical evidence on the relationship between IC, professionalism and performance of SMPs in developing economies. The study further indicates that while IC acts independently to influence firm performance, its interaction with professionalism enhances this performance.
Redefining urban heritage value for Hanoi trade streets
Authors: Kashihara Saori 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis study aims to redefine the urban heritage value of trade streets in Hanoi's Ancient Quarter (AQ) and propose an expanded notion of the “historicity” found through intangible cultural heritage (ICH).Design/methodology/approachA longitudinal analysis was conducted to examine the historical transitions of trade streets, thereby providing an alternative value perspective for considering the area's conservation management. The trade streets were specifically analysed from the pre-colonial era to 2017 using past survey data concerning the distribution and concentration of trade types, statistical documents from the colonial era and recent fieldwork data from investigations into 79 trade streets, thus identifying seven patterns of change.FindingsIndividual trade streets contribute to the unique identities of their respective streets while collectively providing experiential value through the overall variety and density of trade types. Further, the value of modernised trade streets can be found in their support of the area's systemic and experiential values.Practical implicationsCurrent management approaches should shift to include non-traditional trade streets that have experienced gradual changes or retained specific businesses for long periods of time.Originality/valueThis was the first study to conduct a longitudinal analysis of AQ trading with partial support from statistical data. It explored an expanded way of interpreting historicity from the viewpoint of dynamic ICH along the two axes of pace and intensity by tracing changes in commercial activities over time.