bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Water Flow and Dispersive Fluxes in the Dissolution of CO2 in Deep Saline Aquifers
Authors: Michel‐Meyer Itamar , Shavit Uri , Tsinober Avihai , Rosenzweig Ravid 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOne of the important mechanisms in CO2 storage is dissolution trapping. The dissolution of CO2 in aquifer brines increases the brine density and leads to hydrodynamic instabilities, formation of CO2‐rich fingers, and a desirable acceleration of the CO2 dissolution. In recent decades, there has been an intensive effort to identify suitable deep aquifers for CO2 sequestration. Despite reports that background horizontal flow exists in many of these aquifers, few numerical studies have addressed whether background flow affects the dissolution process. These studies had no available measurements to support their results. Here, we report on laboratory experiments, using a dyed mixture of methanol and ethylene‐glycol (MEG) as a CO2 analog. The effect of an imposed horizontal water flow was investigated by injecting MEG from above into a cell filled with glass beads. An imaging system was used to provide concentration maps, which were analyzed to calculate dissolution rates and to evaluate the characteristics of the convective fingers. The results show that background flow leads to suppression of the fingers' formation, a fivefold decrease of the fingers' wave number, and a twofold decrease in their propagation rate. Therefore, it was expected that the dissolution rate would also be suppressed, consistent with previous numerical results. However, our results show that the dissolution rate was hardly affected by the background flow. We postulate that the horizontal flow results in a trade‐off between the suppression of the convective flux and the enhancement of dispersive fluxes, resulting in negligible net influence on the dissolution rate.
Colon and liver tissue damage detection using methylated SESN3 and PTK2B genes in circulating cell-free DNA in patients with acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Waterhouse Miguel , Pennisi Sandra , Pfeifer Dietmar , Deuter Max , von Bubnoff Nikolas , Scherer Florian , Strüssmann Tim , Wehr Claudia , Duyster Justus , Bertz Hartmut , Finke Jürgen , Duque-Afonso Jesus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been investigated in acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) following allogeneic cell transplantation (HSCT). Identifying the tissue of origin of cfDNA in patients with aGvHD is relevant particularly when a biopsy is not feasible. We investigate the cfDNA tissue of origin in patients with aGvHD using methylated gene biomarkers. Patients with liver, colon, or skin aGvHD (n = 28) were analyzed. Liver- and colon-derived cfDNA was measured using a colon- (SESN3) and liver (PTK2B)-specific methylation marker with digital droplet PCR. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in PTK2B and SESN3 concentration was observed between patients with colon or liver GvHD and the control group. For SESN3 and PTK2B the area under the curve in the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) space was 0.952 (95% CI, 0.888–1 p < 0.001) and 0.971 (95% CI, 0.964–1 p < 0.001), respectively. Thresholds to differentiate aGvHD from non-aGvHD in colon were 0 (sensitivity: 0.905; specificity: 0.989) and liver 1.5 (sensitivity: 0.928; specificity: 0.910). Clinical improvement of liver or colon aGvHD resulted in PTK2B and SESN3 reduced concentration. Whereas, in those patients without improvement the PTK2B and SESN3 level remained stable or increased. The PTK2B liver-specific marker and the SESN3 colon-specific marker and their longitudinal analysis might improve aGvHD detection.
Upregulation of KCNQ1OT1 promotes resistance to stereotactic body radiotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma by inducing ATG5/ATG12-mediated autophagy via miR-372-3p
Authors: He Huanyu , Song Xinmao , Yang Zuozhang , Mao Yuchi , Zhang Kunming , Wang Yuanyuan , Su Bin , Li Qiutian , Chen Hong , Li Yi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as a standard treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer. However, its therapeutic advantages are limited with the development of SBRT resistance. The SBRT-resistant cell lines (A549/IR and H1975/IR) were established after exposure with hypofractionated irradiation. The differential lncRNAs were screened by microarray assay, then the expression was detected in LUAD tumor tissues and cell lines by qPCR. The influence on radiation response was assessed via in vitro and in vivo assays, and autophagy levels were evaluated by western blot and transmission electron microscopy. Bioinformatics prediction and rescue experiments were used to identify the pathways underlying SBRT resistance. High expression of KCNQ1OT1 was identified in LUAD SBRT-resistant cells and tissues, positively associated with a large tumor, advanced clinical stage, and a lower response rate to concurrent therapy. KCNQ1OT1 depletion significantly resensitized A549/IR and H1975/IR cells to radiation by inhibiting autophagy, which could be attenuated by miR-372-3p knockdown. Furthermore, autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) and autophagy-related 12 (ATG12) were confirmed as direct targets of miR-372-3p. Restoration of either ATG5 or ATG12 abrogated miR-372-3p-mediated autophagy inhibition and radiosensitivity. Our data describe that KCNQ1OT1 is responsible for SBRT resistance in LUAD through induction of ATG5- and ATG12-dependent autophagy via sponging miR-372-3p, which would be a potential strategy to enhance the antitumor effects of radiotherapy in LUAD.
Importin 13 promotes NSCLC progression by mediating RFPL3 nuclear translocation and hTERT expression upregulation
Authors: Zohud Bisan Abdalfatah , Guo Ping , Zohud Batoul Abdalfatah , Li Fengzhou , Hao Jiao J. , Shan Xiu , Yu Wendan , Guo Wei , Qin Yu , Cai Xin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOur previous studies have reported that RFPL3 protein exerts its unique function as a transcriptional factor of hTERT promoter after being transported into the lung cancer cell nucleus. However, the detailed mechanism by which RFPL3 undergoes nuclear transport has not been reported yet. Here, we identified RFPL3 as a potential import cargo for IPO13, which was found to be overexpressed in NSCLC cells and tissues. IPO13 interacted with RFPL3 in lung cancer cells, and the knockdown of IPO13 led to the cytoplasmic accumulation of RFPL3, the decreased anchoring of RFPL3 at hTERT promoter, and the downregulation of hTERT expression. Moreover, IPO13 silencing suppressed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. IHC analysis confirmed the positive correlation between the expression levels of IPO13 and hTERT in the tumor tissues from patients with lung cancer. Furthermore, the mechanistic study revealed that IPO13 recognized RFPL3 via a functional nuclear localization signal (NLS), which is located in the B30.2 domain at the C-terminal region of RFPL3. Of note, the presence of EGFR mutations was significantly related to the increased IPO13 expression. The EGFR-TKI Osimertinib downregulated IPO13 expression level in NSCLC cell lines with EGFR mutations, but not in EGFR wild-type ones. In summary, our data suggest that inhibition of IPO13 transport activity itself might be an alternative and potential therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
Wipi3 is essential for alternative autophagy and its loss causes neurodegeneration
Authors: Yamaguchi Hirofumi , Honda Shinya , Torii Satoru , Shimizu Kimiko , Katoh Kaoru , Miyake Koichi , Miyake Noriko , Fujikake Nobuhiro , Sakurai Hajime Tajima , Arakawa Satoko , Shimizu Shigeomi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlternative autophagy is an Atg5/Atg7-independent type of autophagy that contributes to various physiological events. We here identify Wipi3 as a molecule essential for alternative autophagy, but which plays minor roles in canonical autophagy. Wipi3 binds to Golgi membranes and is required for the generation of isolation membranes. We establish neuron-specific Wipi3-deficient mice, which show behavioral defects, mainly as a result of cerebellar neuronal loss. The accumulation of iron and ceruloplasmin is also found in the neuronal cells. These abnormalities are suppressed by the expression of Dram1, which is another crucial molecule for alternative autophagy. Although Atg7-deficient mice show similar phenotypes to Wipi3-deficient mice, electron microscopic analysis shows that they have completely different subcellular morphologies, including the morphology of organelles. Furthermore, most Atg7/Wipi3 double-deficient mice are embryonic lethal, indicating that Wipi3 functions to maintain neuronal cells via mechanisms different from those of canonical autophagy.
WNT11-FZD7-DAAM1 signalling supports tumour initiating abilities and melanoma amoeboid invasion
Authors: Rodriguez-Hernandez Irene , Maiques Oscar , Kohlhammer Leonie , Cantelli Gaia , Perdrix-Rosell Anna , Monger Joanne , Fanshawe Bruce , Bridgeman Victoria L. , Karagiannis Sophia N. , Penin Rosa M. , Marcolval Joaquim , Marti Rosa M. , Matias-Guiu Xavier , Fruhwirth Gilbert O. , Orgaz Jose L. , Malanchi Ilaria , Sanz-Moreno Victoria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMelanoma is a highly aggressive tumour that can metastasize very early in disease progression. Notably, melanoma can disseminate using amoeboid invasive strategies. We show here that high Myosin II activity, high levels of ki-67 and high tumour-initiating abilities are characteristic of invasive amoeboid melanoma cells. Mechanistically, we find that WNT11-FZD7-DAAM1 activates Rho-ROCK1/2-Myosin II and plays a crucial role in regulating tumour-initiating potential, local invasion and distant metastasis formation. Importantly, amoeboid melanoma cells express both proliferative and invasive gene signatures. As such, invasive fronts of human and mouse melanomas are enriched in amoeboid cells that are also ki-67 positive. This pattern is further enhanced in metastatic lesions. We propose eradication of amoeboid melanoma cells after surgical removal as a therapeutic strategy.
Electrification at water–hydrophobe interfaces
Authors: Nauruzbayeva Jamilya , Sun Zhonghao , Gallo Adair , Ibrahim Mahmoud , Santamarina J. Carlos , Mishra Himanshu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe mechanisms leading to the electrification of water when it comes in contact with hydrophobic surfaces remains a research frontier in chemical science. A clear understanding of these mechanisms could, for instance, aid the rational design of triboelectric generators and micro- and nano-fluidic devices. Here, we investigate the origins of the excess positive charges incurred on water droplets that are dispensed from capillaries made of polypropylene, perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane-coated glass, and polytetrafluoroethylene. Results demonstrate that the magnitude and sign of electrical charges vary depending on: the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the capillary; the presence/absence of a water reservoir inside the capillary; the chemical and physical properties of aqueous solutions such as pH, ionic strength, dielectric constant and dissolved CO2 content; and environmental conditions such as relative humidity. Based on these results, we deduce that common hydrophobic materials possess surface-bound negative charge. Thus, when these surfaces are submerged in water, hydrated cations form an electrical double layer. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the primary role of hydrophobicity is to facilitate water-substrate separation without leaving a significant amount of liquid behind. These results advance the fundamental understanding of water-hydrophobe interfaces and should translate into superior materials and technologies for energy transduction, electrowetting, and separation processes, among others.
A pragmatic randomized controlled trial reports lack of efficacy of hydroxychloroquine on coronavirus disease 2019 viral kinetics
Authors: Lyngbakken Magnus Nakrem , Berdal Jan-Erik , Eskesen Arne , Kvale Dag , Olsen Inge Christoffer , Rueegg Corina Silvia , Rangberg Anbjørg , Jonassen Christine Monceyron , Omland Torbjørn , Røsjø Helge , Dalgard Olav 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHere, we randomized 53 patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to hydroxychloroquine therapy (at a dose of 400 mg twice daily for seven days) in addition to standard care or standard care alone (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, NCT04316377). All severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive patients 18 years of age or older were eligible for study inclusion if they had moderately severe COVID-19 at admission. Treatment with hydroxychloroquine did not result in a significantly greater rate of decline in SARS-CoV-2 oropharyngeal viral load compared to standard care alone during the first five days. Our results suggest no important antiviral effect of hydroxychloroquine in humans infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Mechanisms of telomerase inhibition by oxidized and therapeutic dNTPs
Authors: Sanford Samantha L. , Welfer Griffin A. , Freudenthal Bret D. , Opresko Patricia L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTelomerase is a specialized reverse transcriptase that adds GGTTAG repeats to chromosome ends and is upregulated in most human cancers to enable limitless proliferation. Here, we uncover two distinct mechanisms by which naturally occurring oxidized dNTPs and therapeutic dNTPs inhibit telomerase-mediated telomere elongation. We conduct a series of direct telomerase extension assays in the presence of modified dNTPs on various telomeric substrates. We provide direct evidence that telomerase can add the nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors ddITP and AZT-TP to the telomeric end, causing chain termination. In contrast, telomerase continues elongation after inserting oxidized 2-OH-dATP or therapeutic 6-thio-dGTP, but insertion disrupts translocation and inhibits further repeat addition. Kinetics reveal that telomerase poorly selects against 6-thio-dGTP, inserting with similar catalytic efficiency as dGTP. Furthermore, telomerase processivity factor POT1-TPP1 fails to restore processive elongation in the presence of inhibitory dNTPs. These findings reveal mechanisms for targeting telomerase with modified dNTPs in cancer therapy.
Observation of magneto-electric rectification at non-relativistic intensities
Authors: Trinh M. Tuan , Smail Gregory , Makhal Krishnandu , Yang Da Seul , Kim Jinsang , Rand Stephen C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe subject of electromagnetism has often been called electrodynamics to emphasize the dominance of the electric field in dynamic light–matter interactions that take place under non-relativistic conditions. Here we show experimentally that the often neglected optical magnetic field can nevertheless play an important role in a class of optical nonlinearities driven by both the electric and magnetic components of light at modest (non-relativistic) intensities. We specifically report the observation of magneto-electric rectification, a previously unexplored nonlinearity at the molecular level which has important potential for energy conversion, ultrafast switching, nano-photonics, and nonlinear optics. Our experiments were carried out in nanocrystalline pentacene thin films possessing spatial inversion symmetry that prohibited second-order, all-electric nonlinearities but allowed magneto-electric rectification.
Optical beaming of electrical discharges
Authors: Shvedov V. , Pivnev E. , Davoyan A. R. , Krolikowski W. , Miroshnichenko A. E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIgniting and guiding electrical discharges to desired targets in the ambient atmosphere have been a subject of intense research efforts for decades. Ability to control discharge and its propagation can pave the way to a broad range of applications from nanofabrication and plasma medicine to monitoring of atmospheric pollution and, ultimately, taming lightning strikes. Numerous experiments utilizing powerful pulsed lasers with peak-intensity above air photoionization and photo-dissociation have demonstrated excitation and confinement of plasma tracks in the wakes of laser field. Here, we propose and demonstrate an efficient approach for triggering, trapping and guiding electrical discharges in air. It is based on the use of a low-power continuous-wave vortex beam that traps and transports light-absorbing particles in mid-air. We demonstrate a 30% decrease in discharge threshold mediated by optically trapped graphene microparticles with the use of a laser beam of a few hundred milliwatts of power. Our demonstration may pave the way to guiding electrical discharges along arbitrary paths.
Inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of type 2 diabetes among Swedish COPD patients
Authors: Ställberg Björn , Janson Christer , Lisspers Karin , Johansson Gunnar , Gutzwiller Florian S. , Mezzi Karen , Bjerregaard Bine Kjoeller , Kejs Anne Mette Tranberg , Jorgensen Leif , Larsson Kjell 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study reports the association of ICS use and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Swedish patients with COPD using data from real-world, primary care settings. A total of 7078 patients with COPD were included in this analysis and the 5-year cumulative incidence rate per 100,000 person years was 1506.9. The yearly incidence rate per 100,000 person years ranged from 850 to 1919. Use of ICS especially at a high dose in patients with COPD was related to an increased risk of T2DM.
Draft genome of Bugula neritina, a colonial animal packing powerful symbionts and potential medicines
Authors: Rayko Mikhail , Komissarov Aleksey , Kwan Jason C. , Lim-Fong Grace , Rhodes Adelaide C. , Kliver Sergey , Kuchur Polina , O’Brien Stephen J. , Lopez Jose V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany animal phyla have no representatives within the catalog of whole metazoan genome sequences. This dataset fills in one gap in the genome knowledge of animal phyla with a draft genome of Bugula neritina (phylum Bryozoa). Interest in this species spans ecology and biomedical sciences becauseB. neritinais the natural source of bioactive compounds called bryostatins. Here we present a draft assembly of theB. neritinagenome obtained from PacBio and Illumina HiSeq data, as well as genes and proteins predicted de novo and verified using transcriptome data, along with the functional annotation. These sequences will permit a better understanding of host-symbiont interactions at the genomic level, and also contribute additional phylogenomic markers to evaluate Lophophorate or Lophotrochozoa phylogenetic relationships. The effort also fits well with plans to ultimately sequence all orders of the Metazoa.
Ab initio study for molecular-scale adsorption, decomposition and desorption on AlN surfaces during MOCVD growth
Authors: An Jiadai , Dai Xianying , Guo Runqiu , Feng Lansheng , Zhao Tianlong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince AlGaN offers new opportunities for the development of the solid state ultraviolet (UV) luminescence, detectors and high-power electronic devices, the growth of AlN buffer substrate is concerned. However, the growth of AlN buffer substrate during MOCVD is regulated by an intricate interplay of gas-phase and surface reactions that are beyond the resolution of experimental techniques, especially the surface growth process. We used density-functional ab initio calculations to analyze the adsorption, decomposition and desorption of group-III and group-V sources on AlN surfaces during MOCVD growth in molecular-scale. For AlCH3 molecule the group-III source, the results indicate that AlCH3 is more easily adsorbed on AlN (0001) than (000$$\overline{1}$$

1
¯

) surface on the top site. For the group-V source decomposition we found that NH2 molecule is the most favorable adsorption source and adsorbed on the top site. We investigated the adsorption of group-III source on the reconstructed AlN (0001) surface which demonstrates that NH2-rich condition has a repulsion effect to it. Furthermore, the desorption path of group-III and group-V radicals has been proposed. Our study explained the molecular-scale surface reaction mechanism of AlN during MOCVD and established the surface growth model on AlN (0001) surface.
A putative chordate luciferase from a cosmopolitan tunicate indicates convergent bioluminescence evolution across phyla
Authors: Tessler Michael , Gaffney Jean P. , Oliveira Anderson G. , Guarnaccia Andrew , Dobi Krista C. , Gujarati Nehaben A. , Galbraith Moira , Mirza Jeremy D. , Sparks John S. , Pieribone Vincent A. , Wood Robert J. , Gruber David F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPyrosomes are tunicates in the phylum Chordata, which also contains vertebrates. Their gigantic blooms play important ecological and biogeochemical roles in oceans.Pyrosoma, meaning “fire-body”, derives from their brilliant bioluminescence. The biochemistry of this light production is unknown, but has been hypothesized to be bacterial in origin. We found that mixing coelenterazine—a eukaryote-specific luciferin—withPyrosoma atlanticumhomogenate produced light. To identify the bioluminescent machinery, we sequencedP. atlanticumtranscriptomes and found a sequence match to a cnidarian luciferase (RLuc). We expressed this novel luciferase (PyroLuc) and, combined with coelenterazine, it produced light. A similar gene was recently predicted from a bioluminescent brittle star, indicating that RLuc-like luciferases may have evolved convergently from homologous dehalogenases across phyla (Cnidaria, Echinodermata, and Chordata). This report indicates that a widespread gene may be able to functionally converge, resulting in bioluminescence across animal phyla, and describes and characterizes the first putative chordate luciferase.
Real-life experience with 4 years of golimumab persistence in ulcerative colitis patients
Authors: Iborra Marisa , García-Morales Natalia , Rubio Saoia , Bertoletti Federico , Calvo Marta , Taxonera Carlos , Boscá-Watts Marta Maia , Sierra Mónica , Mancenido Noemí , Beltrán Belén , Nantes Castillejo Óscar , García-Planella Esther , Vera Isabel , Alba Cristina , Martí-Aguado David , Ballester María Pilar , Cano-Sanz Noelia , Pajares-Villarroya Ramón , Cerrillo Elena , Cañada Antonio , Nos Pilar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGolimumab has demonstrated its long-term efficacy and safety in ulcerative colitis in clinical trials, but no data of long-term persistence has been published from real world. To estimate long-term persistence of golimumab, as well as factors associated with longer persistence, in patients with ulcerative colitis in real life. Observational multicentre study including adult patients with ulcerative colitis treated with golimumab and with at least twelve months of follow-up. We included 190 patients, 105 (55.26%) naive to anti-TNF, with mean disease duration of 9.32 ± 8.09 years. Probability of persistence was 63%, 46%, 39% and 27% at 1, 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively. Persistence was lower in patients with primary failure to previous anti-TNF. Eighty-two (43.16%) patients needed dose intensification during follow-up, with a mean time until intensification of 8.03 ± 8.64 months. Dose intensification and lower disease duration predicted higher persistence with golimumab (p = 0.037 and p = 0.008, respectively). During a follow-up of 17.25 ± 15.83 months, 32 (16.5%) patients needed hospitalisation and 11 (6%) underwent colectomy. No unexpected adverse events were reported. Golimumab has demonstrated good persistence and safety profile for long treatment in ulcerative colitis patients.