bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iatrogenic Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Tran Patrick , Banerjee Prithwish 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo provide an overview of the potential iatrogenic causes of acute decompensated heart failure (AHF) and an evidence-based management strategy to address this.Recent FindingsAs the heart failure (HF) population continues to age and become burdened with greater comorbidities and polypharmacy, patients become more susceptible to the iatrogenic precipitants of HF. The following clinical scenarios are familiar to clinicians, but the sequelae to AHF are often unanticipated: HF medications withdrawn during an intercurrent illness and not restarted, cardiotoxic therapy prescribed for cancer without timely and regular monitoring of left ventricular function, excessive intravenous fluids administered for sepsis or postoperatively, a blood transfusion volume not adjusted for body weight, iatrogenic anaemia that goes unnoticed or an inappropriate type of pacemaker implanted in a patient with underlying left ventricular systolic dysfunction.SummaryIatrogenic decompensated HF is a phenomenon that is infrequently documented in the literature but increasingly confronted by clinicians of all specialties. It is associated with a high mortality and morbidity rate. By having greater awareness of these triggers, iatrogenic AHF should be one that is prevented rather than managed when it occurs.
Implantation of bone-anchored hearing device using a three-dimensional template in a child
Authors: Puttasiddaiah P M , Goodrum H , Browning S T 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundImplantation of bone-anchored hearing devices is performed to improve hearing in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media who cannot wear a conventional hearing aid. The surgical procedure can be safely performed in children aged over five years.Case reportA 15-year-old patient with bilateral chronic suppurative otitis media and conductive hearing loss underwent the procedure to implant a bone-anchored hearing device but was found to have skull thickness of less than 2.5 mm and the procedure was abandoned. A computed tomography scan of the skull was undertaken and a three-dimensional template was reconstructed to identify appropriate thickness of the skull to implant the abutment during a second procedure.ConclusionBone-anchored hearing devices can be implanted by prior imaging and using a template to identify the area of appropriate skull thickness to implant the abutment safely.
Dialect loss in the Russian North: Modeling change across variables
Authors: Daniel Michael , von Waldenfels Ruprecht , Ter-Avanesova Aleksandra , Kazakova Polina , Schurov Ilya , Gerasimenko Ekaterina , Ignatenko Daria , Makhlina Ekaterina , Tsfasman Maria , Verhees Samira , Vinyar Aleksei , Zhigulaskaja Vasilisa , Ovsjannikova Maria , Say Sergey , Dobrushina Nina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe analyze the dynamics of dialect loss in a cluster of villages in rural northern Russia based on a corpus of transcribed interviews, the Ustja River Basin Corpus. Eleven phonological and morphological variables are analyzed across 33 speakers born between 1922 and 1996 in a series of logistic regression models. We propose three characteristics for a comparison of the rate of loss of different variables: initial level, steepness, and turning point. We show that the dynamics of loss differs significantly across variables and discuss possible reasons for such differences, including perceptual salience, initial variation in the dialect, and convergence with regionally or socially defined varieties of Russian. In conclusion, we discuss the pros and cons of logistic regression as an approach to quantitative modeling of dialect loss. Our paper contributes to the study and documentation of Russian dialects, most of which are on the verge of extinction.
A systematic review and network meta-analysis of bacterial and viral vaccines, administered at or near arrival at the feedlot, for control of bovine respiratory disease in beef cattle
Authors: O'Connor A. M. , Hu D. , Totton S. C. , Scott N. , Winder C. B. , Wang B. , Wang C. , Glanville J. , Wood H. , White B. , Larson R. , Waldner C. , Sargeant J. M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVaccination against putative causal organisms is a frequently used and preferred approach to controlling bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) because it reduces the need for antibiotic use. Because approximately 90% of feedlots use and 90% of beef cattle receive vaccines in the USA, information about their comparative efficacy would be useful for selecting a vaccine. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of studies assessing the comparative efficacy of vaccines to control BRD when administered to beef cattle at or near their arrival at the feedlot. We searched MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, MEDLINE Daily Epub Ahead of Print, AGRICOLA, Cambridge Agricultural and Biological Index, Science Citation Index, and Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science and hand-searched the conference proceedings of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners and World Buiatrics Congress. We found 53 studies that reported BRD morbidity within 45 days of feedlot arrival. The largest connected network of studies, which involved 17 vaccine protocols from 14 studies, was included in the meta-analysis. Consistent with previous reviews, we found little compelling evidence that vaccines used at or near arrival at the feedlot reduce the incidence of BRD diagnosis.
Gender-Trait and Ethnic Biases in Russian Regions: Ethnic Integration, Regional Economies, and Women in Local Politics
Authors: Avdeyeva Olga A. , Matland Richard E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnder what conditions are voters likely to invoke gender-trait stereotypes and ethnic biases when they evaluate the performance of local political leaders? We test arguments from role congruity and social identity theories and employ intersectional analysis to explore voter reliance on gender-trait stereotypes and ethnic biases across four diverse Russian regions. We find that the structure of the regional economy matters for the reduction of gender-trait stereotypes, while spatial and labor market integration matters for the dissipation of ethnic favoritism in leader evaluation. Our findings have important implications for policy makers aiming to reduce political biases in diverse contexts. On the one hand, we encourage scholars to pay careful attention to stereotypes of underrepresented social groups and evaluate how they can translate into understanding the traits associated with good leadership. On the other hand, we demonstrate that the roots of social biases stem from complex structural phenomena, such as limited labor opportunities for women and minorities, and thus require transformative political and economic changes.
Observations, Meteorites, and Models: A Preflight Assessment of the Composition and Formation of (16) Psyche
Authors: Elkins‐Tanton L. T. , Asphaug E. , Bell J. F. , Bercovici H. , Bills B. , Binzel R. , Bottke W. F. , Dibb S. , Lawrence D. J. , Marchi S. , McCoy T. J. , Oran R. , Park R. S. , Peplowski P. N. , Polanskey C. A. , Prettyman T. H. , Russell C. T. , Schaefer L. , Weiss B. P. , Wieczorek M. A. , Williams D. A. , Zuber M. T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSome years ago, the consensus was that asteroid (16) Psyche was almost entirely metal. New data on density, radar properties, and spectral signatures indicate that the asteroid is something perhaps even more enigmatic: a mixed metal and silicate world. Here we combine observations of Psyche with data from meteorites and models for planetesimal formation to produce the best current hypotheses for Psyche's properties and provenance. Psyche's bulk density appears to be between 3,400 and 4,100 kg m−3. Psyche is thus predicted to have between ~30 and ~60 vol% metal, with the remainder likely low‐iron silicate rock and not more than ~20% porosity. Though their density is similar, mesosiderites are an unlikely analog to bulk Psyche because mesosiderites have far more iron‐rich silicates than Psyche appears to have. CB chondrites match both Psyche's density and spectral properties, as can some pallasites, although typical pallasitic olivine contains too much iron to be consistent with the reflectance spectra. Final answers, as well as resolution of contradictions in the data set of Psyche physical properties, for example, the thermal inertia measurements, may not be resolved until the NASA Psyche mission arrives in orbit at the asteroid. Despite the range of compositions and formation processes for Psyche allowed by the current data, the science payload of the Psyche mission (magnetometers, multispectral imagers, neutron spectrometer, and a gamma‐ray spectrometer) will produce data sets that distinguish among the models.
Genome-wide association study of angioedema induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker treatment
Authors: Rasmussen Eva Rye , Hallberg Pär , Baranova Ekaterina V. , Eriksson Niclas , Karawajczyk Malgorzata , Johansson Caroline , Cavalli Marco , Maroteau Cyrielle , Veluchamy Abirami , Islander Gunilla , Hugosson Svante , Terreehorst Ingrid , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Norling Pia , Johansson Hans-Erik , Kohnke Hugo , Syvänen Ann-Christine , Siddiqui Moneeza K. , Lang Chim C. , Magnusson Patrik K. E. , Yue Qun-Ying , Wadelius Claes , von Buchwald Christian , Bygum Anette , Alfirevic Ana , Maitland-van der Zee Anke H. , Palmer Colin N. A. , Wadelius Mia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAngioedema in the mouth or upper airways is a feared adverse reaction to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) treatment, which is used for hypertension, heart failure and diabetes complications. This candidate gene and genome-wide association study aimed to identify genetic variants predisposing to angioedema induced by these drugs. The discovery cohort consisted of 173 cases and 4890 controls recruited in Sweden. In the candidate gene analysis,ETV6, BDKRB2, MME, andPRKCQwere nominally associated with angioedema (p < 0.05), but did not pass Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p < 2.89 × 10−5). In the genome-wide analysis, intronic variants in the calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 (KCNMA1) gene on chromosome 10 were significantly associated with angioedema (p < 5 × 10−8). Whilst the topKCNMA1hit was not significant in the replication cohort (413 cases and 599 ACEi-exposed controls from the US and Northern Europe), a meta-analysis of the replication and discovery cohorts (in total 586 cases and 1944 ACEi-exposed controls) revealed that each variant allele increased the odds of experiencing angioedema 1.62 times (95% confidence interval 1.05–2.50,p = 0.030). AssociatedKCNMA1variants are not known to be functional, but are in linkage disequilibrium with variants in transcription factor binding sites active in relevant tissues. In summary, our data suggest that common variation inKCNMA1is associated with risk of angioedema induced by ACEi or ARB treatment. Future whole exome or genome sequencing studies will show whether rare variants inKCNMA1or other genes contribute to the risk of ACEi- and ARB-induced angioedema.
A 200-Year History of the Study of Childhood Language Disorders of Unknown Origin: Changes in Terminology
Authors: Leonard Laurence B. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The current “specific language impairment” and “developmental language disorder” discussion might lead to important changes in how we refer to children with language disorders of unknown origin. The field has seen other changes in terminology. This article reviews many of these changes.

Method
A literature review of previous clinical labels was conducted, and possible reasons for the changes in labels were identified.

Results
References to children with significant yet unexplained deficits in language ability have been part of the scientific literature since, at least, the early 1800s. Terms have changed from those with a neurological emphasis to those that do not imply a cause for the language disorder. Diagnostic criteria have become more explicit but have become, at certain points, too narrow to represent the wider range of children with language disorders of unknown origin.

Conclusions
The field was not well served by the many changes in terminology that have transpired in the past. A new label at this point must be accompanied by strong efforts to recruit its adoption by clinical speech-language pathologists and the general public.
Studying the ISM at ∼10 pc scale in NGC 7793 with MUSE
Authors: Della Bruna Lorenza , Adamo Angela , Bik Arjan , Fumagalli Michele , Walterbos Rene , Östlin Göran , Bruzual Gustavo , Calzetti Daniela , Charlot Stephane , Grasha Kathryn , Smith Linda J. , Thilker David , Wofford Aida 
Published: February 2020

Context.Studies of nearby galaxies reveal that around 50% of the total Hαluminosity in late-type spirals originates from diffuse ionised gas (DIG), which is a warm, diffuse component of the interstellar medium that can be associated with various mechanisms, the most important ones being “leaking” HII regions, evolved field stars, and shocks.Aims.Using MUSE Wide Field Mode adaptive optics-assisted data, we study the condition of the ionised medium in the nearby (D = 3.4 Mpc) flocculent spiral galaxy NGC 7793 at a spatial resolution of ∼10 pc. We construct a sample of HII regions and investigate the properties and origin of the DIG component.Methods.We obtained stellar and gas kinematics by modelling the stellar continuum and fitting the Hαemission line. We identified the boundaries of resolved HII regions based on their Hαsurface brightness. As a way of comparison, we also selected regions according to the Hα/[SII] line ratio; this results in more conservative boundaries. Using characteristic line ratios and the gas velocity dispersion, we excluded potential contaminants, such as supernova remnants (SNRs) and planetary nebulae (PNe). The continuum subtracted HeII map was used to spectroscopically identify Wolf Rayet stars (WR) in our field of view. Finally, we computed electron densities and temperatures using the line ratio [SII]6716/6731 and [SIII]6312/9069, respectively. We studied the properties of the ionised gas through “BPT” emission line diagrams combined with velocity dispersion of the gas.Results.We spectroscopically confirm two previously detected WR and SNR candidates and report the discovery of the other seven WR candidates, one SNR, and two PNe within our field of view. The resulting DIG fraction is between ∼27 and 42% depending on the method used to define the boundaries of the HII regions (flux brightness cut in Hα= 6.7 × 10−18erg s−1cm−2or Hα/[SII] = 2.1, respectively). In agreement with previous studies, we find that the DIG exhibits enhanced [SII]/Hαand [NII]/Hαratios and a median temperature that is ∼3000 K higher than in HII regions. We also observe an apparent inverse correlation between temperature and Hαsurface brightness. In the majority of our field of view, the observed [SII]6716/6731 ratio is consistent within 1σwithne <  30 cm−3, with an almost identical distribution for the DIG and HII regions. The velocity dispersion of the ionised gas indicates that the DIG has a higher degree of turbulence than the HII regions. Comparison with photoionisation and shock models reveals that, overall, the diffuse component can only partially be explained via shocks and that it is most likely consistent with photons leaking from density bounded HII regions or with radiation from evolved field stars. Further investigation will be conducted in a follow-up paper.
Revisiting astrometric parameters of quasars in Gaia-CRF2
Authors: Ding C.-Y. , Zhu Z. , Liu J.-C. , Liu N. 
Published: February 2020

Aims. In order to check the astrometric solution quality, dependences of parallaxes and proper motions on precision, reliability, and consistency of sample solutions are studied for the quasars in the celestial reference frame of the second release of Gaia data (Gaia-CRF2).
Methods. Astrometric statistics (the number of visibility periods, the semi-major axis of the astrometric five-dimensional error ellipse σ5d,  max, the unit weight error u, the correlation coefficients ρμα*,  ϖ and ρμδ, ϖ) were selected to serve as indicators of the solution qualities of quasars. The dependences of the astrometric parameters, parallaxes and proper motions, on these indicators are evaluated. We also investigated mean values of astrometric statistics in equal-area spherical cells to study the impact of the scanning law.
Results. The astrometric parameters of quasars with fewer than 9 or more than 18 visibility periods show a departure from the global average. Moreover, the mean values of astrometric parameters of the most precise sources deviate from the others. Astrometric parameters are stable for those quasars fitting the five-parameter model well. The correlation coefficients, ρμα*, ϖ and ρμδ, ϖ obtained from the astrometric solutions show a generally ideal distribution for the full sample. Spherical-cell mean values of these correlation coefficients are found to have a centrally asymmetric distribution. Distributions of two correlation coefficients are found to correlate with the number of visibility periods. The quasars with visibility periods in the domain [13, 16], with ρμα*, ϖ and ρμδ, ϖ generally well-distributed have more reliable astrometric parameters. Magnitudes and colours are found to have little influence on the irregular patterns of the correlation coefficients.
On the evolution of protein–adenine binding
Authors: Narunsky Aya , Kessel Amit , Solan Ron , Alva Vikram , Kolodny Rachel , Ben-Tal Nir 
Published: February 2020

Significance
How proteins evolved to recognize and bind their ligands is a key mystery in protein function evolution. To explore this mystery, we study how proteins bind adenine, an ancient fragment. We characterize physicochemical patterns of protein–adenine interactions and link these to proteins’ evolutionary origins. In conflict with previous findings, we see that all of adenine’s hydrogen donors and acceptors have been used to bind proteins, and that adenine binding is likely to have emerged multiple times in evolution. To identify adenine-binding sites of shared origin, we use “themes”: short amino acid segments suggested to constitute evolutionary building blocks. We detect specific themes that are engaged in adenine binding; the detection of these in a protein’s sequence might reveal its function.
Short and simple sequences favored the emergence of N-helix phospho-ligand binding sites in the first enzymes
Authors: Longo Liam M. , Petrović Dušan , Kamerlin Shina Caroline Lynn , Tawfik Dan S. 
Published: February 2020

Significance
The first enzymes emerged ∼4 billion y ago and have subsequently become the most diverse and functionally important component of life. But what were the first enzymes doing and how did they look? We probed the properties of the first enzymes by analyzing phospho-ligand binding across all known protein evolutionary lineages. We find that phospho-ligand binding was the founding function of the most ancient enzymes. As opposed to younger evolutionary lineages, ancient enzymes preferentially use N termini of α-helices to bind phosphate moieties. The dominance of N-helix binding sites in the earliest enzymes reflects the ability of the α-helix to realize binding via short and simple sequences, including serines and threonines that interact via both the backbone and side chain.
Elite Identity and Political Accountability: A Tale of Ten Islands
Authors: Carvalho Jean-Paul , Dippel Christian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEmancipation of slaves in the 1830s transformed the political elites of the British Caribbean plantation islands. New elites were more accountable to the citizenry. We develop a theory in which two factors limit and possibly reverse the effect of this on political outcomes, with legislators: (i) ‘stepping up’ to pass extractive policies; and/or (ii) weakening democratic institutions. The theory is supported by an historical analysis of ten Caribbean plantation islands, based on original archival data on legislator race, occupation and roll-call voting. Eventually, all assemblies that experienced a significant change in composition dissolved themselves and converted to British ‘Crown Rule’.
Ulipristal acetate and pregnancy outcome—an observational study
Authors: Wagner Jenny Katharina , Dathe Katarina , Schaefer Christof , Hoeltzenbein Maria 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Is the failure of the selective progesterone receptor modulator ulipristal acetate (UPA) as emergency contraception (EC; 30 mg, single) or inadvertent exposure for myoma treatment (5 mg/d) in pregnancy associated with a higher risk of birth defects, spontaneous abortion (SAB) or elective termination of pregnancy (ETOP)?

SUMMARY ANSWER
We did not find an increased risk for birth defects, SABs or ETOPs after UPA exposure during implantation and early embryogenesis.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Pregnancy outcome data after exposure to UPA are very limited. In cases of EC failure or unplanned pregnancy during myoma treatment, women need well-grounded risk assessment to minimize anxiety and prevent unjustified termination of pregnancy.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
Observational study of prospectively ascertained pregnancies from the German Embryotox institute with UPA exposure (EC, n = 95; myoma, n = 7). Four retrospectively reported pregnancy outcomes were evaluated separately.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
A total of 226 requests on ulipristal were directed to the German Embryotox institute during the study period 2010–2018. Outcomes of pregnancies exposed—(i) precycle, (ii) preconceptional or (iii) first trimester—were ascertained using standardized questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were applied.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Failed EC with UPA resulted in 95 prospectively ascertained pregnancies, of which 56 had completed follow-up: 37 live births, 7 SABs and 12 ETOPs. There was no major birth defect. Just 34% of women had taken UPA during the fertile window. Seven prospectively enrolled pregnancies were treated for myoma and had known pregnancy outcomes: five healthy live births and two SABs. Among the four retrospectively reported pregnancies after EC, there was one child diagnosed with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS).

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
Our limited sample size does not allow concluding safety of UPA use in pregnancy.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
We provide a preliminary basis for reassuring women who wish to carry their pregnancy to term after EC or myoma treatment with UPA. However, because of the report of a BWS after UPA exposure, a possible epigenetic effect could not be excluded and requires further evaluation.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
This work was performed with financial support from the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM). All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
Registered with the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00015155).
Chattering of proxy-based sliding mode control in the presence of parasitic dynamics
Authors: Kikuuwe Ryo , Prieto Pablo J , López-Rentería J A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper reports an analysis on proxy-based sliding mode control (PSMC), which is a controller proposed by Kikuuwe & Fujimoto (2006, Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 25–30) originally for position control of robot manipulators. The describing function method is employed to investigate the chattering behavior of PSMC combined with a simple second-order plant with parasitic dynamics. The results show that PSMC is capable of achieving a lower tendency to chattering than the boundary-layer implementation of sliding mode control with the same sliding surface, without affecting the insensitivity to disturbance.