bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent–Child Conflict Profiles in Chinese American Immigrant Families: Links to Sociocultural Factors and School‐Age Children's Psychological Adjustment
Authors: Chung Sara , Zhou Qing , Kho Carmen , Main Alexandra 
Published: May 2020

Research suggests that parent–child conflict is a salient family process in Asian immigrant families and often a stressful experience for Asian American youth due to value discrepancies between Asian and Western cultures. The present study examined ratings of parent–child conflict across conflict topics from parents' and children's perspectives in a sample of Chinese American immigrant families with school‐age children (N = 239; age = 7.5–11 years). Latent profile analyses identified three parent‐rated conflict profiles and four child‐rated conflict profiles. Parent and child conflict profiles were unrelated to each other and differentially related to family sociocultural factors and children's psychological adjustment. Parents' moderate conflict profile scored highest on parent‐rated child behavior problems and had the highest household density and lower parent Chinese orientation. Children's moderate‐specific and high conflict profiles scored higher on child‐reported behavior problems than the low conflict profile. These results highlight the need to assess family conflict from both parents' and children's perspectives and target parent–child conflict communication as a pathway to prevent or reduce behavioral problems in Chinese American children of immigrant families.
Cumulative damage model based on equivalent fatigue under multiaxial thermomechanical random loading
Authors: Li Luo‐Jin , Shang De‐Guang , Li Dao‐Hang , Xue Long , Liu Xiao‐Dong , Yin Xiang , Zhang Cheng‐Cheng , Chen Bo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA new creep–fatigue damage cumulative model is proposed under multiaxial thermomechanical random loading, in which the damage at high temperature can be divided into the pure fatigue damage and the equivalent fatigue damage from creep. During the damage accumulation process, the elementary percentage of the equivalent fatigue damage increment is proportional to that of the creep damage increment, and the creep damage is converted to the equivalent fatigue damage. Moreover, combined with a multiaxial cyclic counting method, a life prediction method is developed based on the proposed creep–fatigue damage cumulative model. In the developed life prediction method, the effects of nonproportional hardening on the fatigue and creep damages are considered, and the influence of mean stress on damage is also taken into account. The thermomechanical fatigue experimental data for thin‐walled tubular specimen of superalloy GH4169 under multiaxial constant amplitude and variable amplitude loadings were used to verify the proposed model. The results showed that the proposed method can obtain satisfactory life prediction results.
Effects of starting position, distance and ending point in a walking speed test among older adults
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Wu Tingting , Wei Yuan 
Published: May 2020

AimsThis study examined the effects of the starting position, distance and ending point on walking speed in older adults with both the usual and maximum walking speeds.MethodsIn total, 101 older community‐dwellers aged between 60 and 74 years were included in this cross‐sectional study. Participants were instructed to walk two distances (i.e., 10 and 25 m) at usual and maximum speeds twice. The paired t‐test was used to examine the effects of starting positions (static start vs. dynamic start) and ending points (known vs. unknown ending point) on walking speed. Analysis of variance was used to explore walking speed differences among 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20 and 25 m walking tests.ResultsDifferences in walking speed between static start and dynamic start became larger with a decrease in the walking distance (Cohen's d: 4 m > 6 m > 10 m), and differences were larger in tests at the maximum walking speed (Cohen's d = 0.28–0.85) compared with those at usual walking speed (Cohen's d = 0.21–0.67). The walking speed increased with distance, but no significant changes were found among 10, 15, 20 and 25 m tests at the usual speed. Trivial speed differences were observed in walking speed between known (mean = 1.23–1.82 m/s) and unknown ending points (mean = 1.27–1.86 m/s; Cohen's d < 0.20).ConclusionsTest parameters, particularly the starting position and walk distance, do influence walking speed measured in the short‐distance walking speed test among older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int ••; ••: ••–•• Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••–••.
Factors influencing acceptance of robotics in hospital pharmacy: a longitudinal study using the Extended Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Hogan Jane , Grant Gary , Kelly Fiona , O'Hare Jennie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To explore factors influencing hospital pharmacy staff acceptance of a pharmacy robotic dispensing system during implementation and over time.

Methods
A single centred, prospective, longitudinal cohort quantitative study was conducted in an Australian tertiary public hospital using the Extended Technology Acceptance Model (ETAM). Staff were surveyed during the implementation of a pharmacy dispensing robot (May 2016) and again after working with the system for fifteen months (August 2017). Fishers exact test and correlation analysis of paired responses were used to identify significant factors influencing use of the system between the two time points.

Key findings
Sixty four respondents completed surveys during implementation (n=64) and 34-paired surveys were collected fifteen months later. Respondents were predominantly young, female with a tertiary qualification. Initial perceptions did not change over time, with the exception of reliability. Departmental leaders had greatest influence on technology acceptance during implementation and over time. Other key factors correlating with acceptance included: how useful the robot was perceived to be; ease of use and how relevant the robot was for an individual role. Higher levels of education had a negative association with usage during implementation and age was not a factor.

Conclusion
This study identified critical insights influencing staff acceptance of pharmacy robots that will help inform future implementation. The influence of pharmacy leaders emerged as key influence on technology acceptance. Leveraging on this influence a communication strategy prior to implementation should include information on useful functions and known benefits of the system customised for individual roles.
Transvaginal mesh, gender and the ethics of clinical innovation
Authors: Wiersma Miriam , Kerridge Ian , Lipworth Wendy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOn 10 October 2018, Australian Health Minister Greg Hunt issued a national apology to the Australian women who experienced ‘horrific outcomes’ following surgery using transvaginal mesh—acknowledging the ‘historic agony and pain that has come from mesh implantation’. This apology followed many decades of ‘innovative’ use of transvaginal mesh for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. We use the case of transvaginal mesh to explore how clinical innovation may not only harm patients, but also entrench vulnerability and exacerbate existing inequities—in this case, those relating to gender.
Overcoming barriers to women's workplace leadership: insights from the interaction of formal and informal support mechanisms in trade unions
Authors: Dean Mark , Perrett Robert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWomen face gendered barriers to union leadership. In‐depth interviews with UK and Australian female senior trade union leaders investigated how mentoring strategies can help women overcome barriers to leadership. Formal mentoring is most important, but the interaction of mentoring and informal support networks bolsters gender equality and workplace democracy.
Research review: A meta‐analysis of the international prevalence and comorbidity of mental disorders in children between 1 and 7 years
Authors: Vasileva Mira , Graf Ramona K. , Reinelt Tilman , Petermann Ulrike , Petermann Franz 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundChildren younger than 7 years can develop mental disorders that might manifest differently than in older children or adolescents. However, little is known about the prevalence of mental disorders at this early age.MethodsWe systematically searched the literature in the databases Web of Science, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, MEDLINE, and Embase to identify epidemiological studies of community samples published between 2006 and 2020. A series of meta‐analyses was conducted to estimate the pooled worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in general, specific mental disorders, and comorbidity in young children.ResultsA total of ten epidemiological studies reporting data on N = 18,282 children (12–83 months old) from eight countries met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of mental disorders in general was 20.1%, 95% CI [15.7, 25.4]. Most common disorders were oppositional defiant disorder (4.9%, 95% CI [2.5, 9.5]) and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (4.3%, 95% CI [2.5, 7.2]). The prevalence of any anxiety disorders was 8.5%, 95% CI [5.2, 13.5], and of any depressive disorders was 1.1%, 95% CI [0.8, 1.6]. Comorbidity was estimated at 6.4%, 95% CI [1.3, 54.0].ConclusionsThe literature search reveals that the epidemiology of mental disorders in children younger than 7 years is still a neglected area of research. The findings also indicate that there are a significant number of young children suffering from mental disorders who need appropriate age‐adapted treatment.
The ups and downs of social life: Within‐person variations in daily status and inclusion differentially predict self‐regard and interpersonal behavior
Authors: Mahadevan Nikhila , Gregg Aiden P. , Sedikides Constantine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveGrounded in sociometer theory and hierometer theory, the current research examined, for the first time, how within‐person fluctuations in people's status and inclusion relate to their self‐regard and interpersonal behavior.MethodWe conducted a 10‐day diary study and analyzed the data using multilevel modeling. Participants (N = 415) completed daily measures of their status, inclusion, self‐esteem, narcissism, assertiveness, and affiliativeness.ResultsOn days when both their status and inclusion were higher, participants reported higher self‐esteem, but only on days when their status was higher did they report higher narcissism. Furthermore, on days when their self‐esteem was higher, participants behaved more assertively and more affiliatively, but only on days when their narcissism was higher, did they behave more assertively. These patterns persisted after controlling for baseline individual differences in all constructs. Self‐esteem, moreover, mediated the links between daily status and assertiveness, and between daily inclusion and affiliativeness; narcissism, in contrast, mediated the link between daily status and assertiveness only.ConclusionsThis research replicates at the within‐person level empirical links previously found at the between‐person level. The results suggest that narcissism operates chiefly as a hierometer (tracking status and regulating assertiveness), whereas self‐esteem additionally operates as a sociometer (also tracking inclusion and regulating affiliativeness).
Comparing manual and automatic scoring of sleep monitoring data from portable polygraphy
Authors: Kristiansen Stein , Traaen Gunn Marit , Øverland Britt , Plagemann Thomas , Gullestad Lars , Akre Harriet , Nikolaidis Konstantinos , Aakerøy Lars , Hunt Tove E. , Loennechen Jan Pål , Steinshamn Sigurd , Bendz Christina , Anfinsen Ole‐Gunnar , Goebel Vera 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe used sleep monitoring data from a study that investigated the prevalence, characteristics, risk factors and type of sleep apnea (SA) in 579 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Most patients were screened for two nights, resulting in 1,043 sleep recordings that each contained data from one night. SA was diagnosed using the Nox T3 portable sleep monitor. An experienced sleep specialist scored the recordings manually using Noxturnal software. A total of 157 women (27%) and 422 men (73%) were examined; 477 (82.7%) had an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5/hr, whereas moderate to severe SA (AHI ≥ 15/hr) was diagnosed in 243 patients (42.1%). The AHI derived from automatic and manual scoring showed a good agreement (Pearson's r coefficient of 0.96). The median difference in AHI was very small (i.e., 0.72 [mean difference, 1.06]), but was statistically significant (p < .0001). Automatic scoring classified sleep recordings with more than 90% accuracy into SA categories of mild (AHI ≥ 5/hr), moderate (AHI ≥ 15/hr) and severe (AHI ≥ 30/hr). We found a minor (11%–21%) mis‐estimation of the number of recordings right above and below the boundary separating mild and moderate SA. The accuracy of automatic scoring differed from recording to recording, especially regarding the sensitivity of detecting disrupted breathing events. We found low to moderate agreement for the duration of disrupted breathing events (r = .53), for which the automatic scoring led to a statistically significant overestimation by 5.22 s (p < .0001).
Monitoring of Reading Comprehension Across the First, Second, and Third Language: Domain‐General or Language‐Specific?
Authors: Silawi Razan , Shalhoub‐Awwad Yasmin , Prior Anat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study examined the monitoring abilities of trilinguals in reading comprehension, addressing the following questions: Is comprehension monitoring related to reading comprehension across first, second, and third languages? Is comprehension monitoring shared across the languages of trilingual adults (domain‐general) or rather linked to language proficiency (language‐specific)? Eighty undergraduates, trilingual in Arabic, Hebrew, and English, read three texts in each language, answered multiple‐choice questions, and rated their confidence in their responses. From this we derived the absolute and relative accuracy of monitoring. The results showed links between accurate monitoring and successful comprehension in all the languages of participants, but these were weaker in English, the least proficient language. Further, the results lend some support to the involvement of both domain‐general and language‐specific processes in comprehension monitoring. Specifically, monitoring seems to be utilized similarly by individuals to support comprehension across the first and second languages, but is less well generalized to the third language.
Molecular detection of Candidatus Rickettsia asembonensis in fleas collected from pets and domestic animals in Puducherry, India
Authors: Nataraj N. , Muthuraman K. , Sundaram D. , Ayyanar E. , Ashokkumar M. , Kasinathan G. , Devaraju P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRickettsia are obligate intracellular pathogens transmitted by arthropod vectors. The re‐emergence of several rickettsioses imposes severe global health burden. In addition to the well‐established rickettsial pathogens, newer rickettsial species and their pathogenic potentials are being uncovered. There are many reports of spotted and typhus fever caused by rickettsiae in India. Hence, in this study we screened the ectoparasites of pet and domestic animals for the presence of rickettsia using polymerase chain reaction. Nine cat flea samples (Ctenocephalides felis felis), that tested positive for the presence of rickettsia were subjected to Multi Locus Sequence Typing. Nucleotide sequencing and Phylogenetic analysis of gltA, ompB and 16rrs genes revealed that the rickettsiae detected in cat fleas was Rickettsia asembonensis. Further studies are required to assess Rickettsia asembonensis pathogenic potential to human and its enzootic maintenance of in various hosts and vectors.
Adverse labour market impacts of childhood and adolescence overweight and obesity in Western societies—A literature review
Authors: Reiband Hanna Kruse , Heitmann Berit L. , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryOverweight and obesity among children and adolescents are major health issues of today with both somatic and psychosocial consequences in childhood, adolescence and adulthood and potentially adverse effects for adult social life. We conducted a narrative review of the literature about the association of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence with possible adverse impact on labour market in adulthood. By PubMed and Google Scholar searches, we identified 12 original, prospective studies from Western countries and extracted data from these studies. We discuss the possible explanations of the associations and the conceptual and methodological challenges in these studies. Despite inherent difficulties in interpreting results, partly due to differences in outcome definitions, ages at exposure, measurements of overweight and obesity, confounder control and societal differences, the studies indicate adverse labour market impacts on adult wage and employment. Furthermore, penalties seemed present even if the excessive weight was lost before adulthood, and women seemed more affected than men, especially when weight persisted into adulthood. While both health and lower education might contribute to explain the adverse labour market outcomes, also discrimination, stigmatization and the development of cognitive and noncognitive skills seemed to influence the outcomes. Prevention of these adverse labour market impacts likely requires multilevel efforts.
Negative pressure drainage‐assisted irrigation for maxillofacial space infection
Authors: Zhao Ning , Liu Yi , Yue Jin , Xu Yao‐xiang , Fu Zhen‐zhen , Ding Qian , Xiao Wen‐lin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, the clinical effect of negative pressure drainage‐assisted irrigation (NPDI) technique was evaluated in treating maxillofacial space infection (MSI) by comparing with traditional technique.MethodA prospective study was conducted in 58 patients with MSI. The patients were randomly divided into two groups based on different treatment techniques. Thirty patients receiving NPDI were included in NPDI group, and 28 patients receiving traditional technique were included in traditional group. Case data (gender, age, etiology, concurrent illness, diabetes, involved spaces, preoperative white cell count, airway control method) and clinical effect (postoperative hospital stay, total cost of admission) for the two groups were analyzed.ResultsPatients in both groups were cured clinically. There were no significant differences in gender, age, etiology, concurrent illness, diabetes, involved spaces, preoperative white cell count, and airway control method in NPDI group and traditional group (p > .05). The postoperative hospital stay and the total cost of admission in the NPDI group were significantly lower than the traditional group (p < .001).ConclusionNegative pressure drainage‐assisted irrigation used in the treatment of MSI can shorten the postoperative hospital stay, reduce the total cost of admission, and show favorably clinical effect. It is a clinically recommended method for MSI.
Maize ZmPT7 regulates Pi uptake and redistribution which is modulated by phosphorylation
Authors: Wang Fang , Cui Peng‐Juan , Tian Yan , Huang Yun , Wang Hai‐Feng , Liu Fang , Chen Yi‐Fang 
Published: May 2020

SummaryPhosphorus, an essential mineral macronutrient, is a major constituent of fertilizers for maize (Zea mays L.) production. However, the molecular mechanisms of phosphate (Pi) acquisition in maize plants and its redistribution remain unclear. This study presents the functional characterization of ZmPT7 in Pi uptake and redistribution in maize. The ZmPT7 was expressed in roots and leaves, and induced during Pi starvation. The ZmPT7 complemented the Pi‐uptake deficiency of yeast mutant phoΔnull and Arabidopsis mutant pht1;1Δ4Δ, indicating that ZmPT7 functioned as a Pi transporter. We generated zmpt7 mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 and ZmPT7‐overexpressing lines. The zmpt7 mutants showed reduced, whereas the ZmPT7‐overexpressing lines displayed increased Pi‐uptake capacity and Pi redistribution from old to young leaves, demonstrating that ZmPT7 played central roles in Pi acquisition and Pi redistribution from old to young leaves. The ZmCK2 kinases phosphorylated ZmPT7 at Ser‐521 in old maize leaves, which enhanced transport activity of ZmPT7. The Ser‐520 of Arabidopsis AtPHT1;1, a conserved residue of ZmPT7 Ser‐521, was also phosphorylated by AtCK2 kinase, and the mutation of Ser‐520 to Glu (phosphorylation mimic) yielded enhanced transport activity of AtPHT1;1. Taken together, these results indicate that ZmPT7 plays important roles in Pi acquisition and redistribution, and its transport activity is modulated by phosphorylation.
Insufficient nitrogen supply from symbiotic fixation reduces seasonal crop growth and nitrogen mobilization to seed in highly productive soybean crops
Authors: Cafaro La Menza Nicolas , Monzon Juan Pablo , Lindquist John L. , Arkebauer Timothy J. , Knops Johannes M. H. , Unkovich Murray , Specht James E. , Grassini Patricio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNitrogen (N) supply can limit the yields of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in highly productive environments. To explore the physiological mechanisms underlying this limitation, seasonal changes in N dynamics, aboveground dry matter (ADM) accumulation, leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of absorbed radiation (fAPAR) were compared in crops relying only on biological N2 fixation and available soil N (zero‐N treatment) versus crops receiving N fertilizer (full‐N treatment). Experiments were conducted in seven high‐yield environments without water limitation, where crops received optimal management. In the zero‐N treatment, biological N2 fixation was not sufficient to meet the N demand of the growing crop from early in the season up to beginning of seed filling. As a result, crop LAI, growth, N accumulation, radiation‐use efficiency and fAPAR were consistently higher in the full‐N than in the zero‐N treatment, leading to improved seed set and yield. Similarly, plants in the full‐N treatment had heavier seeds with higher N concentration because of greater N mobilization from vegetative organs to seeds. Future yield gains in high‐yield soybean production systems will require an increase in biological N2 fixation, greater supply of N from soil or fertilizer, or alleviation of the trade‐off between these two sources of N in order to meet the plant demand.
Transient elastography assessment of liver allograft fibrosis in pediatric transplant recipients
Authors: Lee Christine K. , Nastasio Silvia , Mitchell Paul D. , Fawaz Rima , Elisofon Scott A. , Vakili Khashayar , Kim Heung Bae , Nguyen Denis , Jonas Maureen M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTE measures liver stiffness to assess fibrosis. Its use in post‐transplant patients was reported in few small pediatric studies. We evaluated TE ability to predict liver graft fibrosis in a large cohort while comparing it to the performance of APRI and FIB‐4. We also investigated the effect of graft type on LSMs. Patients at Boston Children's Hospital who underwent LT and LSM ≤ 1 year from biopsy (2007‐2018) were eligible. Ninety‐four patients (45%M) aged 1‐21 years (89% < 18 years; 13% < 2 years) were eligible. Median time between transplant/biopsy and LSM was 5.1 years and 52 days, respectively. Thirty‐nine percent received whole‐liver grafts, 54% TV grafts, and 6% as part of MV. At LSM, median ALT was 25 [IQR 16‐33] IU/L. Twenty‐one percent had METAVIR ≥ F2. LSM was statistically higher among those with significant fibrosis (METAVIR ≥ F2) compared to those with METAVIR F0/F1 (median [IQR] 7.5 [4.6, 13.6] vs 5.1 [4.0, 6.4] kPa, respectively) (P = .005 by Wilcoxon rank‐sum test). APRI and FIB‐4 distributions were not different across METAVIR stages. The AUROC for LSM was 0.71 (95% CI 0.56‐0.85) with an optimal cut‐point of 6.5 kPa. Graft type had no influence on the AUROC for LSM. TE is useful for assessing significant graft fibrosis in children and young adult LT recipients and performs better than APRI and FIB‐4. TV grafts demonstrate similar correlation with histology as whole‐liver grafts.