bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Late Miocene to Early Pliocene “Humid Interval” on the NW Australian Shelf: Disentangling Climate Forcing From Regional Basin Evolution
Authors: Karatsolis B.‐Th. , De Vleeschouwer D. , Groeneveld J. , Christensen B. , Henderiks J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPre‐Quaternary paleoclimate studies in Australia mainly focus on terrestrial records from the southeastern part of the continent. IODP Expedition 356 drilled on the northwestern Australian shelf, yielding Miocene‐Pleistocene paleoclimate records in an area where climate archives are scarce. Postexpedition research revealed a dry‐to‐humid transition across the latest Miocene and early Pliocene (start of the “Humid Interval”). However, the complex tectonic history of the area makes these interpretations challenging. In this study, we investigate late Miocene to early Pliocene sediment cores from two sites that are only 100 km apart but situated in two adjacent basins (Northern Carnarvon and Roebuck Basins). Combining lithofacies study, time series analysis of potassium content (K wt%), and calcareous nannofossil abundance counts (N/g), this work disentangles the complex interplay between basin evolution and climate change between 6.1 and 4 Ma. Overall, the investigated proxies show high correlation between both sites, except during 6.1–5.7 Ma. During this interval, Site U1463 records a gradual increase in K wt%, correlated with basin deepening, whereas Site U1464 records an abrupt rise in K wt% at ~6 Ma. We explain this diachronicity by differential basin subsidence. The tectonic interplay with our paleorecords makes it difficult to pinpoint the exact onset of the “Humid Interval,” but we conclude that K wt% and coccolith abundances at Site U1464 indicate that a fluvial deposition system was already established since at least 6 Ma. This age is consistent with data supporting a southward movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone rain belt at ~7 Ma.
A Geochemical Record of Late‐Holocene Hurricane Events From the Florida Everglades
Authors: Yao Qiang , Liu Kam‐biu , Rodrigues Erika , Bianchette Thomas , Aragón‐Moreno Alejandro Antonio , Zhang Zhenqing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA 5.25‐m sediment core SRM‐1 and 45 surface samples from mangrove forests at the Shark River Estuary in the Everglades National Park, Florida, were examined by using X‐ray fluorescence and carbon isotopic analyses to study the history of intense hurricane landfall during the Late‐Holocene. Significance testing of the surface samples in relation to storm deposits from Hurricane Wilma suggests that elemental concentration of Sr and Cl and the ratio of Cl/Br are the most sensitive indicators for major hurricane events in our study area. The geochemical data sets of core SRM‐1 identified five active periods of intense hurricane activities during the last 3,500 years at ~3,400–3,000, ~2,200–1,500, ~1,000–800, ~600–300, and ~150 calibrated years before present to present. This is the longest paleohurricane record to date from South Florida. Our results are consistent with the view that intense hurricane activities in South Florida were modulated by Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) movements, El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activities, and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) strength. This study contributes to the methodological advancement in paleotempestological studies by demonstrating that geochemical signals, particularly signals of saltwater intrusions, can be preserved in the sediment profiles on millennial time‐scale and measured by X‐ray fluorescence techniques, thereby enabling more storm records to be produced from otherwise suboptimal sand‐limited coastal systems such as the Florida Everglades. More work needs to be done to explore the use of geochemical and stable isotopic analyses in detecting storm signals from sand‐limited coastal environments.
Effects of Low‐Carbon Energy Adoption on Airborne Particulate Matter Concentrations With Feedbacks to Future Climate Over California
Authors: Kumar Anikender , Zapata Christina , Yeh Sonia , Yang Chris , Ogden Joan , Lee Hsiang‐He , Chen Shu‐Hua , Kleeman Michael J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCalifornia plans to reduce emissions of long‐lived greenhouse gases (GHGs) through adoption of new energy systems that will also lower concentrations of short‐lived absorbing soot contained in airborne particulate matter (PM). Here we examine the direct and indirect effects of reduced PM concentrations under a low‐carbon energy (GHG‐Step) scenario on radiative forcing in California. Simulations were carried out using the source‐oriented WRF/Chem (SOWC) model with 12 km spatial resolution for the year 2054. The avoided aerosol emissions due to technology advances in the GHG‐Step scenario reduce ground level PM concentrations by ~8.85% over land compared to the Business‐as‐Usual (BAU) scenario, but changes to meteorological parameters are more modest. Top‐of‐atmospheric forcing predicted by the SOWC model increased by 0.15 W m−2, surface temperature warmed by 0.001 K, and planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) increased by 2.20 cm in the GHG‐Step scenario compared to the BAU scenario. PM climate feedbacks are small because the significant changes in ground level PM concentrations associated with the GHG‐Step scenario are limited to the first few hundred meters of the atmosphere, with little change for the majority of the vertical column above that level. As an order‐of‐magnitude comparison, the long‐term effects of global reductions in GHG emissions (RCP8.5–RCP4.5) lowered average surface temperature over the California study domain by approximately 0.76 K. The effects of long‐lived climate pollutants such as CO2 are much stronger than the effects of short‐lived climate pollutants such as PM soot over California in the year 2054.
The Oxygen Isotope Compositions of Large Numbers of Small Cosmic Spherules: Implications for Their Sources and the Isotopic Composition of the Upper Atmosphere
Authors: Rudraswami N. G. , Genge Matthew J. , Marrocchi Yves , Villeneuve Johan , Taylor S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCosmic spherules are micrometeorites that melt at high altitude as they enter Earth's atmosphere, and their oxygen isotope compositions are partially or completely inherited from the upper atmosphere, depending on the amount of heating experienced and the nature of their precursor materials. In this study, the three oxygen isotope compositions of 137 cosmic spherules are determined using 277 in situ analyses by ion probe. Our results indicate a possible correlation between increasing average δ18O compositions of silicate‐dominated (S‐type) spherules along the series scoriaceous < porphyritic < barred < cryptocrystalline < glass < CAT (calcium‐aluminum‐titanium) spherules (~12‰, 20‰, 22‰, 25‰, 26‰, and 50‰). This is consistent with the evolution of oxygen isotopes by mass fractionation owing to increased average entry heating and thus suggests mass fractionation dominates changes in isotopic composition, with atmospheric exchange being less significant. The Δ17O values of spherules, therefore, are mostly preserved and suggest that ~80% of particles are samples of C‐type asteroids. The genetic relationships between different S‐types can also be determined with scoriaceous, barred, and cryptocrystalline spherules mostly having low Δ17O values (≤0‰) mainly derived from carbonaceous chondrite (CC)‐like sources, while porphyritic spherules mostly have positive Δ17O (>0‰) and are largely derived from ordinary chondrite (OC)‐like sources related to S (IV)‐type asteroids. Glass and CAT spherules have variable Δ17O values indicating they formed by intense entry heating of both CC and OC‐like materials. I‐type cosmic spherules have a narrow range of δ17O (~20–25‰) and δ18O (~38–48‰) values, with Δ17O (~0‰) suggesting their oxygen is obtained entirely from the Earth's atmosphere, albeit with significant mass fractionation owing to evaporative heating. Finally, G‐type cosmic spherules have unexpected isotopic compositions and demonstrate little mass fractionation from a CC‐like source. The results of this study provide a vital assessment of the wider population of extraterrestrial dust arriving on Earth.
Evidence for a Diagenetic Origin of Vera Rubin Ridge, Gale Crater, Mars: Summary and Synthesis of Curiosity's Exploration Campaign
Authors: Fraeman A. A. , Edgar L. A. , Rampe E. B. , Thompson L. M. , Frydenvang J. , Fedo C. M. , Catalano J. G. , Dietrich W. E. , Gabriel T. S. J. , Vasavada A. R. , Grotzinger J. P. , L'Haridon J. , Mangold N. , Sun V. Z. , House C. H. , Bryk A. B. , Hardgrove C. , Czarnecki S. , Stack K. M. , Morris R. V. , Arvidson R. E. , Banham S. G. , Bennett K. A. , Bridges J. C. , Edwards C. S. , Fischer W. W. , Fox V. K. , Gupta S. , Horgan B. H. N. , Jacob S. R. , Johnson J. R. , Johnson S. S. , Rubin D. M. , Salvatore M. R. , Schwenzer S. P. , Siebach K. L. , Stein N. T. , Turner S. M. R. , Wellington D. F. , Wiens R. C. , Williams A. J. , David G. , Wong G. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the Curiosity rover's exploration at Vera Rubin ridge (VRR) and summarizes the science results. VRR is a distinct geomorphic feature on lower Aeolis Mons (informally known as Mount Sharp) that was identified in orbital data based on its distinct texture, topographic expression, and association with a hematite spectral signature. Curiosity conducted extensive remote sensing observations, acquired data on dozens of contact science targets, and drilled three outcrop samples from the ridge, as well as one outcrop sample immediately below the ridge. Our observations indicate that strata composing VRR were deposited in a predominantly lacustrine setting and are part of the Murray formation. The rocks within the ridge are chemically in family with underlying Murray formation strata. Red hematite is dispersed throughout much of the VRR bedrock, and this is the source of the orbital spectral detection. Gray hematite is also present in isolated, gray‐colored patches concentrated toward the upper elevations of VRR, and these gray patches also contain small, dark Fe‐rich nodules. We propose that VRR formed when diagenetic event(s) preferentially hardened rocks, which were subsequently eroded into a ridge by wind. Diagenesis also led to enhanced crystallization and/or cementation that deepened the ferric‐related spectral absorptions on the ridge, which helped make them readily distinguishable from orbit. Results add to existing evidence of protracted aqueous environments at Gale crater and give new insight into how diagenesis shaped Mars' rock record.
The roles of multifunctional protein ErbB3 binding protein 1 (EBP1) isoforms from development to disease
Authors: Hwang Inwoo , Ko Hyo Rim , Ahn Jee-Yin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe roles of the two isoforms of ErbB3-binding protein 1 (Ebp1) in cellular function and its regulation in disease and development is a stimulating area in current fields of biology, such as neuroscience, cancer biology, and structural biology. Over the last two decades, a growing body of studies suggests have suggested different functions for the EBP1 isoforms in various cancers, along with their specific binding partners in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Owing to the specific cellular context or spatial/temporal expression of the EBP1 isoforms, either transcriptional repression or the activation function of EBP1 has been proposed, and epigenetic regulation by p48 EBP1 has also been observed during in the embryo development, including in brain development and neurologic disorders, such as schizophrenia, in using an Ebp1 knockout mouse model. Here, we review recent findings that have shaped our current understanding of the emerging function of EBP1 isoforms in cellular events and gene expression, from development to disease.
Computational technology for nasal cartilage-related clinical research and application
Authors: Shi Bing , Huang Hanyao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSurgeons need to understand the effects of the nasal cartilage on facial morphology, the function of both soft tissues and hard tissues and nasal function when performing nasal surgery. In nasal cartilage-related surgery, the main goals for clinical research should include clarification of surgical goals, rationalization of surgical methods, precision and personalization of surgical design and preparation and improved convenience of doctor–patient communication. Computational technology has become an effective way to achieve these goals. Advances in three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology will promote nasal cartilage-related applications, including research on computational modelling technology, computational simulation technology, virtual surgery planning and 3D printing technology. These technologies are destined to revolutionize nasal surgery further. In this review, we summarize the advantages, latest findings and application progress of various computational technologies used in clinical nasal cartilage-related work and research. The application prospects of each technique are also discussed.
Photonic amorphous topological insulator
Authors: Zhou Peiheng , Liu Gui-Geng , Ren Xin , Yang Yihao , Xue Haoran , Bi Lei , Deng Longjiang , Chong Yidong , Zhang Baile 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe current understanding of topological insulators and their classical wave analogs, such as photonic topological insulators, is mainly based on topological band theory. However, standard band theory does not apply to amorphous phases of matter, which are formed by non-crystalline lattices with no long-range positional order but only short-range order, exhibiting unique phenomena such as the glass-to-liquid transition. Here, we experimentally investigate amorphous variants of a Chern number-based photonic topological insulator. By tuning the disorder strength in the lattice, we demonstrate that photonic topological edge states can persist into the amorphous regime prior to the glass-to-liquid transition. After the transition to a liquid-like lattice configuration, the signatures of topological edge states disappear. This interplay between topology and short-range order in amorphous lattices paves the way for new classes of non-crystalline topological photonic bandgap materials.
Bioinspired microcone-array-based living biointerfaces: enhancing the anti-inflammatory effect and neuronal network formation
Authors: Chen Hongxu , Wang Lulu , Lu Yi , Du Xuemin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImplantable neural interfaces and systems have attracted much attention due to their broad applications in treating diverse neuropsychiatric disorders. However, obtaining a long-term reliable implant-neural interface is extremely important but remains an urgent challenge due to the resulting acute inflammatory responses. Here, bioinspired microcone-array-based (MA) interfaces have been successfully designed, and their cytocompatibility with neurons and the inflammatory response have been explored. Compared with smooth control samples, MA structures cultured with neuronal cells result in much denser extending neurites, which behave similar to creepers, wrapping tightly around the microcones to form complex and interconnected neuronal networks. After further implantation in mouse brains for 6 weeks, the MA probes (MAPs) significantly reduced glial encapsulation and neuron loss around the implants, suggesting better neuron viability at the implant-neural interfaces than that of smooth probes. This bioinspired strategy for both enhanced glial resistance and neuron network formation via a specific structural design could be a platform technology that not only opens up avenues for next-generation artificial neural networks and brain-machine interfaces but also provides universal approaches to biomedical therapeutics.
Testing relationships between multimodal modes of brain structural variation and age, sex and polygenic scores for neuroticism in children and adolescents
Authors: Norbom Linn B. , Rokicki Jaroslav , Meer Dennis van der , Alnæs Dag , Doan Nhat Trung , Moberget Torgeir , Kaufmann Tobias , Andreassen Ole A. , Westlye Lars T. , Tamnes Christian K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHuman brain development involves spatially and temporally heterogeneous changes, detectable across a wide range of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures. Investigating the interplay between multimodal MRI and polygenic scores (PGS) for personality traits associated with mental disorders in youth may provide new knowledge about typical and atypical neurodevelopment. We derived independent components across cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and grey/white matter contrast (GWC) (n = 2596, 3–23 years), and tested for associations between these components and age, sex and-, in a subsample (n = 878), PGS for neuroticism. Age was negatively associated with a single-modality component reflecting higher global GWC, and additionally with components capturing common variance between global thickness and GWC, and several multimodal regional patterns. Sex differences were found for components primarily capturing global and regional surface area (boys > girls), but also regional cortical thickness. For PGS for neuroticism, we found weak and bidirectional associations with a component reflecting right prefrontal surface area. These results indicate that multimodal fusion is sensitive to age and sex differences in brain structure in youth, but only weakly to polygenic load for neuroticism.
PRMT5 promotes cancer cell migration and invasion through the E2F pathway
Authors: Barczak Wojciech , Jin Li , Carr Simon Mark , Munro Shonagh , Ward Samuel , Kanapin Alexander , Samsonova Anastasia , La Thangue Nicholas B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe pRb-E2F pathway is a critical point of regulation in the cell cycle and loss of control of the pathway is a hallmark of cancer. E2F1 is the major target through which pRb exerts its effects and arginine methylation by PRMT5 plays a key role in dictating E2F1 activity. Here we have explored the functional role of the PRMT5-E2F1 axis and highlight its influence on different aspects of cancer cell biology including viability, migration, invasion and adherence. Through a genome-wide expression analysis, we identified a distinct set of genes under the control of PRMT5 and E2F1, including some highly regulated genes, which influence cell migration, invasio and adherence through a PRMT5-dependent mechanism. Most significantly, a coincidence was apparent between the expression of PRMT5 and E2F1 in human tumours, and elevated levels of PRMT5 and E2F1 correlated with poor prognosis disease. Our results suggest a causal relationship between PRMT5 and E2F1 in driving the malignant phenotype and thereby highlight an important pathway for therapeutic intervention.
Altered mitochondrial dynamics and function in APOE4-expressing astrocytes
Authors: Schmukler Eran , Solomon Shira , Simonovitch Shira , Goldshmit Yona , Wolfson Eya , Michaelson Daniel Morris , Pinkas-Kramarski Ronit 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAPOE4 is a major risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease; however, it is unclear how it exerts its pathological effects. Others and we have previously shown that autophagy is impaired in APOE4 compared to APOE3 astrocytes, and demonstrated differences in the expression of mitochondrial dynamics proteins in brains of APOE3 and APOE4 transgenic mice. Here, we investigated the effect of APOE4 expression on several aspects of mitochondrial function and network dynamics, including fusion, fission, and mitophagy, specifically in astrocytes. We found that APOE3 and APOE4 astrocytes differ in their mitochondrial dynamics, suggesting that the mitochondria of APOE4 astrocytes exhibit reduced fission and mitophagy. APOE4 astrocytes also show impaired mitochondrial function. Importantly, the autophagy inducer rapamycin enhanced mitophagy and improved mitochondrial functioning in APOE4 astrocytes. Collectively, the results demonstrate that APOE4 expression is associated with altered mitochondrial dynamics, which might lead to impaired mitochondrial function in astrocytes. This, in turn, may contribute to the pathological effects of APOE4 in Alzheimer’s disease.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor induces cardiac injury through polarizing macrophages via modulating microRNA-34a/Kruppel-like factor 4 signaling
Authors: Xia Wenzheng , Zou Changlin , Chen Hanbin , Xie Congying , Hou Meng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has become a well-established treatment option for some cancers; however, its use is hampered by its cardiovascular adverse effects. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-related cardiac toxicity took place in kinds of different forms, such as myocarditis, acute coronary syndrome, and pericardial disease, with high mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the roles of programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, one of widespread used ICIs, in the development of murine cardiac injury. PD-1 inhibitor is known to transduce immunoregulatory signals that modulate macrophages polarization to attack tumor cells. Hence, this study explored whether the cardiovascular adverse effects of PD-1 inhibitor were related to macrophage polarization. MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a), which appears to regulate the polarization of cultured macrophages to induce inflammation, is examined in cardiac injury and macrophage polarization induced by the PD-1 inhibitor. As a target of miR-34a, Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) acted as an anti-inflammation effector to take cardiac protective effect. Further, it investigated whether modulating the miR-34a/KLF4-signaling pathway could influence macrophage polarization. The PD-1 inhibitor markedly induced M1 phenotype macrophage polarization with impaired cardiac function, whereas miR-34a inhibitor transfection treatment reversed M1 polarization and cardiac injury in vivo. In vitro, PD-1 inhibitor-induced M1 polarization was accompanied by an increase in the expression of miR-34a but a decrease in the expression of KLF4. TargetScan and luciferase assay showed that miR-34a targeted the KLF4 3′-untranslated region. Either miR-34a inhibition or KLF4 overexpression could abolish M1 polarization induced by the PD-1 inhibitor. The findings strongly suggested that the PD-1 inhibitor exerted its effect in promoting M1 polarization and cardiac injury by modulating the miR-34a/KLF4-signaling pathway and inducing myocardial inflammation. These findings might help us to understand the pathogenesis of cardiac injury during immunotherapy, and provide new targets in ameliorating cardiac injury in patients with cancer receiving PD-1 inhibitor treatment.
Roles of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multi-functional proteins in physiology and cancer
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Sun Bao , Huang Shiqiong , Yu Dongsheng , Zhang Xiaochuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are an important class of enzymes with an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for protein synthesis. In higher eukaryotic systems, eight ARSs and three ARS-interacting multi-functional proteins (AIMPs) form a multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC), which seems to contribute to cellular homeostasis. Of these, AIMPs are generally considered as non-enzyme factors, playing a scaffolding role during MSC assembly. Although the functions of AIMPs are not fully understood, increasing evidence indicates that these scaffold proteins usually exert tumor-suppressive activities. In addition, endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP II), as a cleavage product of AIMP1, and AIMP2-DX2, as a splice variant of AIMP2 lacking exon 2, also have a pivotal role in regulating tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of AIMP1, EMAP II, AIMP2, AIMP2-DX2, and AIMP3. Also, we systematically introduce their emerging roles in cancer, aiming to provide new ideas for the treatment of cancer.