bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the determinants of Uber accessibility and its spatial distribution: Evidence from Uber in Philadelphia
Authors: Shokoohyar Sina , Sobhani Anae , Ramezanpour Nargesi Saeed R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of socioeconomics and demographic factors (e.g., population density, minority rate, age, gender, education, wealth, and crime) and transportation infrastructure (e.g., walk score, transit score, and bike score) on the accessibility of Uber in the city of Philadelphia. K‐means clustering is applied for initial data exploration. Based on the spatial model selection diagnostic tests, we developed maximum likelihood spatial lag models with queen contiguity spatial weight matrix. The results show that Uber accessibility is not balanced in different neighborhoods in Philadelphia. Uber is more accessible in denser areas with the high male population, better public transportation access and less access to amenities in the walkable distances. Moreover, we observed that Uber is more accessible in areas with a high crime rate. This observation shows that Uber has made it easier to get out of high crime rate areas. Finally, contribution in the literature on accessibility in ride‐sourcing networks is discussed. Findings are additionally used to provide managerial implications to mitigate discrimination in ride‐sourcing platforms.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Industry Specific Applications
Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining
Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Social Considerations
Infrared spectral characterization of the molecular wood decay in terms of age
Authors: Tintner J. , Spangl B. , Reiter F. , Smidt E. , Grabner M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study presents a new chronometric method for the dating of wood. The clock used is the chemical breakdown of specific parts, such as the acetyl groups of the hemicelluloses. The presented prediction models cover a maximum of 3000 years and include old living trees, construction wood and cold waterlogged wood. Any other preservation conditions are not covered by these models. Under these conditions, abiotic factors dominate and the contribution of microbial decay is negligible. This is a pre-requisite for the application of the present models. Brittle parts of the wood cannot be dated. Infrared spectroscopy was applied to detect the molecular changes over time. Currently, four models are available for Norway spruce, European larch, oak, and silver fir.
The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol to promote recovery following esophageal cancer resection
Authors: Ashok Apurva , Niyogi Devayani , Ranganathan Priya , Tandon Sandeep , Bhaskar Maheema , Karimundackal George , Jiwnani Sabita , Shetmahajan Madhavi , Pramesh C. S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEsophageal cancer surgery, comprising esophagectomy with radical lymphadenectomy, is a complex procedure associated with considerable morbidity and
mortality. The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol which aims to improve perioperative care, minimize complications, and accelerate recovery is showing promise for achieving better perioperative outcomes. ERAS is a multimodal approach that has been reported to shorten the length of hospital stay, reduce surgical stress response, decrease morbidity, and expedite recovery. While ERAS components straddle preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods, they need to be seen in continuum and not as isolated elements. In this review, we elaborate on the components of an ERAS protocol after esophagectomy including preoperative nutrition, prehabilitation, counselling, smoking and alcohol cessation, cardiopulmonary evaluation, surgical technique, anaesthetic management, intra- and postoperative fluid management and pain relief, mobilization and physiotherapy, enteral and oral feeding, removal of drains, and several other components. We also share our own institutional protocol for ERAS following esophageal resections.
Evaluation of Maximum Rockfall Dimensions Based on Probabilistic Assessment of the Penetration of the Sliding Planes into the Slope
Authors: Mavrouli O. , Corominas J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere is intrinsic difficulty in the investigation of the largest volume of rockfalls that is expected in an area, which lies in the small number of large events, in registrable times. The maximum credible rockfall size has been associated with the properties of the rock mass discontinuities, as they delimit detachable rock blocks, and in particular with the penetration of those discontinuities that comprise rockfall sliding planes. In highly fractured rock masses, the evaluation of the penetration remains an issue. A probabilistic methodology is proposed, to measure the penetration of potential sliding planes into the interior of a rocky slope. The main hypothesis of the method is that the sliding plane persistence is interrupted along its two directions, at the intersection with two lateral discontinuity sets, as the latter displaces the former. Due to the displacement, the sliding planes are formed by quasi-planes that contain a maximum number of spacings of the intersecting joints, hence their size is restricted. The methodology requires as an input the spacing of the intersecting joint sets. Its application to a granodiorite slope confirms that for the study site, there is a maximum volume of rockfalls, excluding the possibility of large stepped failures and rupture of rock bridges. The maximum calculated persistence for the two existing sliding planes in the study site is, respectively, 28.0 m and 48.5 m. The maximum calculated sliding plane surfaces are, accordingly, 282.5 m2and 289.3 m2. These results are compared against the observed scar dimensions at the study site, which have been retrieved alternatively, by processing a LiDAR point cloud. The results from the two alternative sources are similar, indicating that the methodology can be efficiently used to assess the sliding plane persistence and the expected maximum rockfall magnitude at the study site.
Novel Insights into Autism Knowledge and Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward Mental Illness in Dutch Youth and Family Center Physicians
Authors: van ‘t Hof Maarten , van Berckelaer-Onnes Ina , Deen Mathijs , Neukerk Monique C. , Bannink Rienke , Daniels Amy M. , Hoek Hans W. , Ester Wietske A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProfessionals’ limited knowledge on mental health and their stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness can delay the diagnosis of autism. We evaluated the knowledge on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and stigmatizing attitudes in 93 physicians at Dutch Youth and Family Centers (YFC). These physicians screen for psychiatric symptoms in children. We show that their general ASD knowledge scored 7.1 (SD 1.2), but their specific ASD knowledge was only 5.7 (SD 1.7) (weighted means on 1–10 scale, 1 = least knowledge, 10 = most knowledge). Our physicians had positive attitudes toward mental illness (CAMI scores 2.18 (SD 0.33) to 2.22 (SD 0.40) on a 5-point Likert scale) but they had higher levels of stigmatizing attitudes than other Western healthcare professionals. Their levels were considerably lower than in non-Western professionals. We found no relations between ASD knowledge, stigmatizing attitudes and demographic variables. In conclusion, ASD knowledge and stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness in Dutch YFC physicians require attention.
Bridging the research-management gap: landscape science in practice on public lands in the western United States
Authors: Carter Sarah K. , Pilliod David S. , Haby Travis , Prentice Karen L. , Aldridge Cameron L. , Anderson Patrick J. , Bowen Zachary H. , Bradford John B. , Cushman Samuel A. , DeVivo Joseph C. , Duniway Michael C. , Hathaway Ryan S. , Nelson Lisa , Schultz Courtney A. , Schuster Rudy M. , Trammell E. Jamie , Weltzin Jake F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractContextLandscape science relies on foundational concepts of landscape ecology and seeks to understand the physical, biological, and human components of ecosystems to support land management decision-making. Incorporating landscape science into land management decisions, however, remains challenging. Many lands in the western United States are federally owned and managed for multiple uses, including recreation, conservation, and energy development.ObjectiveWe argue for stronger integration of landscape science into the management of these public lands.MethodsWe open by outlining the relevance of landscape science for public land planning, management, and environmental effects analysis, including pertinent laws and policies. We identify challenges to integrating landscape science into public land management, including the multijurisdictional nature and complicated spatial pattern of public lands, the capacity of agencies to identify and fill landscape science needs, and perceptions about the meaning of landscape approaches to management.ResultsWe provide several recent examples related to landscape monitoring, restoration, reclamation, and conservation in which landscape science products were developed specifically to support decision-making.ConclusionsWe close by highlighting three actions—elevating the importance of science-management partnerships dedicated to coproducing actionable landscape science products, identifying where landscape science could foster efficiencies in the land-use planning process, and developing scenario-based landscape models for shrublands—that could improve landscape science support for public land planners and managers.
An automated testing device for continuous measurement of the hysteretic water retention curve of granular media
Authors: Milatz Marius 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe water retention curve (WRC), representing an important key for the modelling of hydro-mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils, is still not fully understood, because it originates from microscopic hydraulic and capillary phenomena. Furthermore, its experimental measurement, especially for cyclic drainage and imbibition paths, is challenging and time-consuming. In this contribution, a recently developed low-cost easy-to-use miniature testing device for the investigation of the WRC of unsaturated granular soils, such as coarse-grained sand and a packing of glass beads, is presented. With the help of the new device, that can be controlled by a Raspberry Pi single-board computer, the hysteretic WRC can be investigated in a conventional macroscopic approach by plotting the macroscopic specimen degree of saturation versus measured matric suction. The test set-up allows an automatic measurement of the WRC which is measured continuously following a programmed test procedure. In addition to the technical realisation of the new device, this contribution focuses on macroscopic results of water retention tests. Moreover, the testing device has been designed in a miniaturised size, in order to obtain microscopic insights into the phase distribution during cyclic drainage and imbibition paths with the help of computed tomography in future applications.
Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma and Other Renal Masses in the Kidney Graft
Authors: Warren Hannah , Olsburgh Jonathon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewRenal masses in the kidney graft pose an important clinical dilemma, balancing graft function against the need for cancer control.Recent FindingsDonor origin cancers in the renal graft can be classified as ‘donor transmitted’ or ‘donor derived’. The landmark TracerX Renal changed our understanding of renal cell carcinoma oncogenesis, demonstrating that key mutations in childhood lead to clinically apparent tumours in later life. Identified pre-operatively, contemporary evidence suggests that masses excised prior to transplantation result in acceptable oncologic safety and graft function. Identified post-operatively management mirrors that for a mass in a solitary kidney in the non-transplant population, with focus on a nephron-sparing approach.SummaryWith growing number of kidney transplants each year, ageing donors, and increasing graft survival, masses in the renal graft are likely to become a more prevalent clinical conundrum.
Black Egyptian inks in Late Antiquity: new insights on their manufacture and use
Authors: Ghigo Tea , Rabin Ira , Buzi Paola 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present here our methodological approach applied to the study of Egyptian inks in Late Antiquity. It is based on an interdisciplinary strategy, bringing together a variety of disciplines from humanities and natural sciences, and it aims at systematically collecting a statistically relevant amount of data regarding the composition of the inks. The application of a well-established, non-invasive protocol that includes near-infrared imaging and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy for in situ measurements enables the identification and characterisation of inks dating from the end of Late Antiquity onwards. However, sometimes this method limits our understanding when characterising more ancient inks. Trying to overcome these limitations, the potential of a new device for the characterisation of organic compounds is here explored by conducting preliminary tests on mock samples. In this work, we present the results from 77 codicological units that include some of the earliest manuscripts of our corpus that presently lists 159 units.
Prospective Double-Blinded Randomized Field-Based Clinical Trial of Metoclopramide and Ibuprofen for the Treatment of High Altitude Headache and Acute Mountain Sickness
Authors: Irons Hillary R. , Salas Renee N. , Bhai Salman F. , Gregorie W. Douglas , Harris N. Stuart 
Published: February 2020

Introduction High altitude headache (HAH) and acute mountain sickness (AMS) are common pathologies at high altitudes. There are similarities between AMS and migraine headaches, with nausea being a common symptom. Several studies have shown ibuprofen can be effective for AMS prophylaxis, but few have addressed treatment. Metoclopramide is commonly administered for migraine headaches but has not been evaluated for HAH or AMS. We aimed to evaluate metoclopramide and ibuprofen for treatment of HAH and AMS. Methods We performed a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, field-based clinical trial of metoclopramide and ibuprofen for the treatment of HAH and AMS in 47 adult subjects in the Mount Everest region of Nepal. Subjects received either 400 mg ibuprofen or 10 mg metoclopramide in a 1-time dose. Lake Louise Score (LLS) and visual analog scale of symptoms were measured before and at 30, 60, and 120 min after treatment. Results Subjects in both the metoclopramide and ibuprofen arms reported reduced headache severity and nausea compared to pretreatment values at 120 min. The ibuprofen group reported 22 mm reduction in headache and 6 mm reduction in nausea on a 100 mm visual analog scale at 120 min. The metoclopramide group reported 23 mm reduction in headache and 14 mm reduction in nausea. The ibuprofen group reported an average 3.5-point decrease on LLS, whereas the metoclopramide group reported an average 2.0-point decrease on LLS at 120 min. Conclusions Metoclopramide and ibuprofen may be effective alternative treatment options in HAH and AMS, especially for those patients who additionally report nausea.
An intersubjective model of agency for game theory
Authors: Brown Vivienne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a new interpretation of non-cooperative games that shows why the unilateralism of best-reply reasoning fails to capture the mutuality of strategic interdependence. Drawing on an intersubjective approach to theorizing individual agency in shared context, including a non-individualistic model of common belief without infinite regress, the paper develops a general model of a 2 × 2 simultaneous one-shot non-cooperative game and applies it to games including Hi-Lo, Stag Hunt, Prisoners’ Dilemma, Chicken, BoS and Matching Pennies. Results include High as the rational choice in Hi-Lo, and Cooperate as a possible rational choice in the Prisoners’ Dilemma.
Review of the use of neurophysiological and biometric measures in experimental design research
Authors: Borgianni Yuri , Maccioni Lorenzo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDesign is inherently affected by human-related factors and it is of no surprise that the fine-tuning of instruments capable of measuring aspects of human behavior has attracted interest in the design field. The recalled instruments include a variety of devices that capture and quantitatively assess people's unintentional and unconscious reactions and that are generally referred as neurophysiological or biometric. The number of experimental applications of these instruments in design was extremely limited as of 2016, when Lohmeyer and Meboldt published a first report on relevant measures and their interpretation in design. In the last few years, the number of relevant publications has increased dramatically and this determines the opportunity to carry out a comprehensive review in the field. The reviewed contributions are analyzed and classified according to, among others, instruments used, the kind of stakeholders involved and the supported design research activities. The role of biometric measures with respect to traditional research methods is emphasized too. The discussed instruments can represent supports or substitutes for traditional approaches, as well as they are capable of exploring phenomena that could not be addressed hitherto. The intensity of research concerning experiments with biometric measurements is discussed too; a particular focus of the final discussion is the individuation of obstacles that prevent them from becoming commonplace in design research.
Non‐Double‐Couple Microearthquakes in the Focal Area of the 2000 Western Tottori Earthquake (M 7.3) via Hyperdense Seismic Observations
Authors: Hayashida Yuto , Matsumoto Satoshi , Iio Yoshihisa , Sakai Shin'ich , Kato Aitaro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEarthquakes with non‐double‐couple (NDC) components are indicators of geometric fault complexity, anisotropy, tensile failure, and fluid flow effects. NDC earthquakes have been observed in volcanic zones and interpreted as faulting related to fluid effects in the hypocentral region. In this study, we provide evidence of the occurrence of microearthquakes with NDC components in a tectonic zone. Aftershocks of the 2000 Western Tottori earthquake revealed definite NDC components based on a polarity analysis of the first P wave motion data from a hyperdense seismic observation. We modeled these events using both shear faulting with tensile failure and multiple shear ruptures. Six of the eight NDC events were well modeled by shear faults accompanied with an opening tensile crack. These results suggest that pressurized fluid or a weak tensile crack may exist along the rupture zone of the Tottori earthquake.
Infilling Abandoned Deltaic Distributary Channels Through Landward Sediment Transport
Authors: Carlson B. N. , Nittrouer J. A. , Moodie A. J. , Kineke G. C. , Kumpf L. L. , Ma H. , Parsons D. R. , Wang H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUpon avulsion, abandoned deltaic distributary channels receive water and sediment delivered by a tie channel, overbank flow, and by tidal inundation from the receiving basin. The transport and deposition of sediment arising from this latter input have important impacts on delta development yet are not well constrained from field observations or numerical models. Herein, the Huanghe (Yellow River) delta, China, is used as a case study to evaluate how marine‐sourced sediment impacts abandoned channel morphology. For this system, artificial deltaic avulsions occur approximately decadally; the abandoned channels are inundated by tides, and deposition of sediment transforms the channel into a mudflat. Field data were collected from a channel abandoned 20 yr ago and included cores that penetrated the tidally deposited mud and antecedent fluvial channel sediment, topography, bathymetry surveys, and detailed time series monitoring of hydrodynamic conditions within the tidal channel and adjacent mudflat. These data are used to validate a model that predicts the rate of accumulation and grain size of sediment delivered from the tidal channel to the mudflat. The thickness of the marine‐sourced mud differs spatially by an order of magnitude and is primarily impacted by antecedent channel topography. Sediment has aggraded to an elevation approaching mean high tide, which is likely the limit of fill. As this elevation is below antecedent levees, assuming stationary relative sea level, the abandoned channel will remain a topographic low on the delta landscape and is therefore susceptible to reoccupation during future avulsions.
Nanolaminate-based design for UV laser mirror coatings
Authors: Zhu Meiping , Xu Nuo , Roshanzadeh Behshad , Boyd S. T. P. , Rudolph Wolfgang , Chai Yingjie , Shao Jianda 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith ever-increasing laser power, the requirements for ultraviolet (UV) coatings increase continuously. The fundamental challenge for UV laser-resistant mirror coatings is to simultaneously exhibit a high reflectivity with a large bandwidth and high laser resistance. These characteristics are traditionally achieved by the deposition of laser-resistant layers on highly reflective layers. We propose a “reflectivity and laser resistance in one” design by using tunable nanolaminate layers that serve as an effective layer with a high refractive index and a large optical bandgap. An Al2O3–HfO2 nanolaminate-based mirror coating for UV laser applications is experimentally demonstrated using e-beam deposition. The bandwidth, over which the reflectance is >99.5%, is more than twice that of a traditional mirror with a comparable overall thickness. The laser-induced damage threshold is increased by a factor of ~1.3 for 7.6 ns pulses at a wavelength of 355 nm. This tunable, nanolaminate-based new design strategy paves the way toward a new generation of UV coatings for high-power laser applications.
Variations and expression features of CYP2D6 contribute to schizophrenia risk
Authors: Ma Liang , Shcherbina Anna , Chetty Sundari 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified 145 loci implicated in schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we analyze 1497 RNA-seq data in combination with their genotype data and identify SNPs that are associated with expression throughout the genome by dissecting expression features to genes (eGene) and exon–exon junctions (eJunction). Then, we colocalize eGene and eJunction with SCZ GWAS using SMR and fine mapping. Multiple ChIP-seq data and DNA methylation data generated from brain were used for identifying the causal variants. Finally, we used a hypothesis-free (no SCZ risk loci considered) enrichment analysis to determine implicated pathways. We identified 171 genes and eight splicing junctions located within four genes (SNX19, ARL6IP4, APOPT1, and CYP2D6) that potentially contribute to SCZ susceptibility. Among the genes, CYP2D6 is significantly associated with SCZ SNPs in eGene and eJunction. In-depth examination of the CYP2D6 region revealed that a nonsynonymous single nucleotide variant rs16947 is strongly associated with a higher abundance of CYP2D6 exon 3 skipping junctions. While we found rs133377 and other functional SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium with rs16947 (r2 = 0.9539), histone acetylation analysis showed they are located within active transcription start sites. Furthermore, our data-driven enrichment analysis showed that CYP2D6 is significantly involved in drug metabolism of codeine, tamoxifen, and citalopram. Our study facilitates an understanding of the genetic architecture of SCZ and provides new drug targets.