bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experience of loneliness among young people with depression: a qualitative meta-synthesis of the literature
Authors: Achterbergh Louis , Pitman Alexandra , Birken Mary , Pearce Eiluned , Sno Herman , Johnson Sonia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Young people have a higher prevalence of loneliness than other age groups, and they are also at risk of depression. Quantitative studies describe a bidirectional association between loneliness and depression, but there is limited understanding of how these influence each other. Little is known about the experience of loneliness among young people with depression. Qualitative approaches may help understand the relationship between loneliness and depression among young people, and how to intervene to improve outcomes. We aimed to conduct a meta-synthesis to understand the complex inter-relationship between loneliness and depression among young depressed people by synthesising evidence from a systematic review of qualitative studies.Methods: We conducted a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies capturing experiences of loneliness among young people with depression. We systematically searched six electronic databases for selected search terms, critically appraised eligible studies, and analysed the data from included studies using the approach of thematic synthesis. We used feedback from an inter-disciplinary research workshop to improve reflexivity. Results: Our inclusion criteria identified fourteen studies. Our analysis identified four themes: (1) social withdrawal due to poor mental health, (2) non-disclosure of depression contributing to social distance, (3) the desire to connect, and (4) paradoxes of loneliness and depression. These themes illustrated a range of pathways between depression and loneliness, and a sense of how these might be mutually reinforcing. Our findings suggest that where depressed individuals engage in certain behaviours (withdrawing; not confiding) for a range of reasons, this can lead to feelings of loneliness, an awareness of which worsens their mood, thus perpetuating their depression. Conclusions: Young people with depression experience loneliness as an insurmountable distance between themselves and others. Our findings identified non-disclosure of depression, and the debilitating nature of the depressive symptomatology, as factors perpetuating a vicious cycle of loneliness and depression. They suggest that approaches to tackling the problem might include helping young people communicate about their depression to trusted friends and educating their social networks in how to support them. The wider research literature suggests that cognitive interventions may have a role in shifting maladaptive cognitions about their social world.
A Model of Disparities: Risk Factors Associated with COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Rozenfeld Yelena , Beam Jennifer , Maier Haley , Haggerson Whitney , Boudreau Karen , Carlson Jamie , Medows Rhonda 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

By mid-May 2020, there were over 1.5 million cases of (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 across the U.S. with new confirmed cases continuing to rise following the re-opening of most states. Prior studies have focused mainly on clinical risk factors associated with serious illness and mortality of COVID-19. Emerging risk factors in the U.S., including clinical, sociodemographic, and environmental variables associated with contraction of COVID-19 have not been widely studied to assess disparities across populations.

Methods

A multivariable statistical model was used to identify predictors associated with COVID-19 contraction in the study population of 34,503 patients, comparing laboratory confirmed positive and negative COVID-19 cases in the Providence Health System (U.S.) between February 28 and April 27, 2020. Publicly available data were utilized as approximations for social determinants of health, and patient-level clinical and sociodemographic factors were extracted from the electronic medical record.

Results

Higher risk of contraction was associated with older age (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.41-2.02, p<0.0001), male gender (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.21-1.44, p<0.0001), Asian race (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.18-1.72, p= 0.0002), Black/African American race (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.25-1.83, p<0.0001), Latino ethnicity (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.77-2.41, p<0.0001), non-English language (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.7-2.57, p<0.0001), high school education or less (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.14, p=0.04), residing in a neighborhood with financial insecurity (OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.01-1.25, p=0.04), low air quality (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.0-1.04, p=0.05), housing insecurity (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.16-1.5, p< 0.0001) or transportation insecurity (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.02-1.23, p=0.03), and living in senior living communities (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.23-2.32, p= 0.001).

Conclusions

Risks associated with COVID-19 contraction reflect disparities across age, race, ethnicity, language, socioeconomic status, and living conditions. Health promotion and disease prevention strategies should prioritize groups most vulnerable to contraction and address structural inequities that contribute to risk through social and economic policy.
Pelvic Rotation Parameters Related to In-Brace Correction in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: li kepeng , Miao Jun , Jing-an Zhang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the pelvic parameters affecting in-brace correction (IBC) in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS). METHODS Patients with IS receiving Chêneau brace treatment in our scoliosis center from January 2019 to November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Pelvic rotation parameters, including Pelvic incidence (PI), Sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), L/R ratio, were collected. Other radiographic data, such as Risser sign, coronal and sagittal balance, curve location, kyphosis, lordosis of each patient was also recorded to analyze their correlations with IBC. Correlation analyses were performed to identify the classified variables influencing IBC. The principal component analysis was used to extract common factors of radiographic parameters to eliminate interaction effects. The linear regression equation was established using principal components, the variables influencing IBC were identified. RESULTS A cohort of 44 patients with IS (36 girls and 8 boys) were included in the present study. The mean IBC was 49.87% (range, 3%∽100%). IBC of lumbar IS was negatively correlated with apical rotate factor (ARF, B=-0.385), mainly consisted of pelvic coronal plane rotation (PCPR, 0.449), cobb angle (CA,0.575), apical vertebral rotation (AVR, 0.918), and pelvic rotate factor (PRF, B=-0.387), mainly consisted of PT (0.861), PI (0.728), PCPR (-0.570). The regression equation of lumbar IS had statistical significance (F=6.500, P=0.005,R2=0.317). Whereas statistically significance was not found in the regression equation of thoracic IS (F=2.913, P=0.106). The remaining parameters were not related to IBC. CONCLUSIONS For lumbar IS, ARF and PRF have negative effects on IBC, Coronal and sagittal rotation of the pelvis is related to IBC.
Response of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Sulfur Fertilizer Rate Under Balanced Fertilization at Basona Warena District of North Shewa Zone of Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Shawl , Shewangezaw Beza , kassie kenzemed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Sulphur is becoming an important limiting nutrient to agricultural production in Ethiopian soil. Bread wheat is one of the most important cereal crops produced and consumed in Ethiopia. Declining soil fertility is one of the major factors that accounts for low productivity of wheat in Ethiopia which is caused by soil erosion, continuous cropping of same land year after, deforestation, depletion of organic matter is the main challenge not only to wheat productionMethods: The field experiment was conducted for consecutive three years (2013/14-2015/16) to evaluate effects of S levels on yield and yield components of bread wheat grown on two soil types (Cambisols and Vertisols), North Central of Ethiopia. An experiment consisting of six levels S (0, 10, 20,30,40 and 50 kg ha-1) laid out in RCB design with three replications. Results: Results revealed that, yield components were not affected by different levels of S while, yield of wheat were significantly affected by S in both soil types. S applied on cambisols at 30 and 40 kg ha-1 increased grain yield (GY) of wheat by 9.0 and 10.1 % over control respectively. The corresponding increases on Vertisols were 8.0 and 10.0 % over control respectively. Application of 10 and 30 kg S ha-1 produced the highest MMR (4913.31 and 1277.24%) respectively.Conclusions: The current finding presents additional evidence to research claims that S is becoming a limiting nutrient in some Ethiopian soils. Application of 10 and 30 kg S ha-1 are found to be the most economically feasible treatments for bread wheat production in Cambisols and Vertisols of the district respectively.
Tim-3 drives tissue Treg effector function to promote neonatal immune tolerance and tumor-induced immune suppression
Authors: Yang Min , Wu Shaoxian , Zhou Wenyan , He Chunyan , Sun Runzi , Ying Yao-yu , Zhou Yi , Li Sihan , Zhai Wensi , Chen Bendong , Xue Jun , Yang Da , Lu Binfeng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Tissue regulatory T cells (Treg) are a key player in preventing immune pathology and shaping the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The signaling molecules that uniquely regulate tissue Treg are not well understood. Here, we show that Tim-3 was predominantly expressed in Treg cells in both normal and tumor tissues. Notably, Tim-3 deficiency in Tregs led to the development of severe signs of autoimmune diseases in neonatal mice, indicating a crucial role of Tim-3 in establishing immune tolerance in early life. In addition, deletion of Tim-3 on Tregs resulted in reduced numbers and suppressor activities of tumoral Tregs and an increase in antitumor immune responses. A gene profiling study revealed the requirement of Tim-3 in upregulation of effector Treg genes encoding immune inhibitory molecules, chemokine receptors for tissue residency, chemokines, and cytokines. Moreover, Tim-3 deficiency in Tregs and treatment with PD-1 mAbs synergistically inhibited tumor growth. Our study demonstrates the essential role of Tim-3 in driving tissue effector Treg-mediated immune suppression.
M2 macrophages contribute to cell proliferation and migration of breast cancer
Authors: Tu Daoyuan , Dou Jin , Wang Mingkao , Zhuang Haiwen , Xiaoyu Xiaoyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a kind of malignant tumor that severely threatens women’s health and life worldwide. Macrophages have been reported to mediate tumor progression, while the potential mechanism still needs further identification.Methods: Human monocytic cell line THP-1 was used to induce M2-macrophage. Real-time PCR and western blot were performed to determine gene expression in mRNA and protein level, respectively. Cell proliferation was determined using MTT assays, while cell migration was detected based on the scratch wound healing assays.Results: The supernatant medium of M2-macrophages incubated breast cancer cells showed increased cell proliferation and reduced expression of IRF-7. Overexpression of IRF-7 reversed the increased level of M2-macrophage induced cell proliferation and migration. The supernatant medium of M2-macrophages incubation promoted miR-1587 expression in breast cancer cells. miR-1587 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and migration of breast cancer. In addition, miR-1587 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation and migration that induced by M2-macrophages. miR-1587 targets IRF-7 to regulate its expression. Knockdown of IRF-7 reversed the effects of miR-1587 knockdown on cell proliferation and migration.Conclusion: Collectively, this study revealed that miR-1587/IRF-7 mediated the mechanism of M2-macrophages-induced breast cancer progression, and this would shed light on the further clinical therapy of breast cancer.
Kinematic Analysis of Upper Extremity Movement in Stroke Patients as a Rehabilitation Supporting Tool
Authors: Mariusz Konieczny , Pakosz Paweł , Błaszczyszyn Monika 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIschemic stroke often results in reduced mobility of the upper extremity and subsequent long-term disability. Evaluation of the effects of rehabilitation monitoring is often insufficient, while technological progress in 3D analysis application is more objective in the assessment of motor deficits. The aim of the study was to examine the use of kinematic analysis indicators for diagnosing the rehabilitation process in post-stroke patients.Methods20 ischemic stroke patients in the early post-stroke phase (up to three months after the stroke) took part in the study. The study tests were conducted at the beginning of the rehabilitation process and after its completion. The procedure comprised moving the index finger and reaching for four target points (closer, farther, contralaterally, ipsilaterally) placed on a table in front of the patient. The analysis of movement time and movement trajectory was carried out using the OptiTrack system. Movement time and movement smoothness (trajectory smoothness) were calculated with the use of normalized jerk score (JERK).ResultsThe JERK parameter changed significantly in three movement trajectory directions: closer (p ≤ 0.01; d = 1.82), further (p ≤ 0.05; d = 1.02), and contralaterally (p ≤ 0.05; d = 0.91).ConclusionsThe results confirm the usefulness of the applied measurements in diagnosing the effects of rehabilitation of patients in the early post-stroke phase.Trial registration: (not applicable)
Efficient solar-driven steam generation enabled by an ultra-black paint
Authors: Liu Xiaojie , Tian Yanpei , Chen Fangqi , Ahlgren Ralph , Zheng Yiting , Su Ming , Xiao Gang , Zheng Yi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Solar-driven interfacial steam generation for desalination has attracted broad attention. However, a significant challenge still remains for achieving a higher evaporation rate and high water quality, together with a cost-effective and easy-to-manufacture device to provide a feasible solar-driven steam generation system. In this study, a novel ultra-black paint, Black 3.0, serving as a perfect solar absorber is introduced into the hot-pressed melamine foam networks, allowing us to construct an ultra-black (99% absorptance in the solar region) and self-floating evaporation device. The high performing features of effective solar absorptance and salt-rejection capability contribute to a high-to-date evaporation rate of freshwater at 2.48 kg m-2 h-1 under one sun (1 kW m-2). This interfacial solar evaporator has a daily drinkable water yield of 2.8 kg m-2 even in cloudy winter weather and maintains stability in water with a wide range of acidity and alkalinity (pH 1 ~ 14). These features will enable the construction of a facilely fabricated, robust, highly-efficient, and cost-effective solar steam generation system for freshwater production.
Elucidating Interfacial Stability between Lithium Metal Anode and LiPON via In Situ Electron Microscopy
Authors: Hood Zachary , Chen Xi , Sacci Robert , Veith Gabriel , Liu Xiaoming , Mo Yifei , Niu Junjie , Dudney Nancy , Chi Miaofang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Li phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) is one of a very few solid electrolytes that have demonstrated stability against Li metal, and performed extended cycling with high coulombic efficiency. However, theoretical calculations show that LiPON does react with Li metal. Here, we utilize in situ electron microscopy to directly observe the dynamic evolutions at the LiPON-Li interface upon contacting and under biasing at the nanometer scale. We reveal that a thin interface layer (~60nm) develops at the LiPON-Li interface upon contact. This interface layer is conductive and robust, serving as an effective passivation layer keeping the interface stable over time and under biasing up to 5 V. Our results explicate the excellent cyclability of LiPON and reconciles the existing debates regarding the stability of LiPON-Li interface. This work demonstrates that glassy solid-state electrolytes with a sufficient ionic conductivity, though may not have a perfect initial electrochemical window with Li metal, may excel in future applications for ASSBs.
Mosquito control, a simple optical method.
Authors: Tran Phi D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mosquitoes are extremely harmful to humans, spreading diseases to millions of people each year, many of whom die as a result of these infections. Mosquitoes have evolved to live in low light, to identify active, moving predators to avoid, and to recognize passive objects around which to navigate. The experiments in this paper introduce a method that involves the use of LED light to flood areas with the simulated presence of actively persisting objects. In a related paper, a highly regarded mosquito laboratory at a U.S. university used a dual-color pulsing light bulb to encourage mosquitoes to prefer one place to another. Although this was shown to be a potentially life-saving technology, further study under more carefully controlled conditions is required to ascertain whether the mosquitoes’ behavior was not influenced by extraneous factors. The experiments herein capture the movement of mosquitoes away from a faintly lit, treated area towards a more well-lit one.
A preceding low-virulence strain pandemic inducing immunity against COVID-19
Authors: Perets Hagai , Perets Ruth 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is thought to began in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Mobility analysis identified East-Asia and Oceania countries to be highly-exposed to COVID-19 spread, consistent with the earliest spread occurring in these regions. However, here we show that while a strong positive correlation between case-numbers and exposure level could be seen early-on as expected, at later times the infection-level is found to be negatively correlated with exposure-level. Moreover, the infection level is positively correlated with the population size, which is puzzling since it has not reached the level necessary for population-size to affect infection-level through herd immunity. These issues are resolved if a low-virulence Corona-strain (LVS) began spreading earlier in China outside of Wuhan, and later globally, providing immunity from the later appearing high-virulence strain (HVS). Following its spread into Wuhan, cumulative mutations gave rise to the emergence of an HVS, known as SARS-CoV-2, starting the COVID-19 pandemic. We model the co-infection by an LVS and an HVS and show that it can explain the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic and the non-trivial dependence on the exposure level to China and the population-size in each country. We find that the LVS began its spread a few months before the onset of the HVS and that its spread doubling-time is \sim1.59\pm0.17 times slower than the HVS. Although more slowly spreading, its earlier onset allowed the LVS to spread globally before the emergence of the HVS. In particular, in countries exposed earlier to the LVS and/or having smaller population-size, the LVS could achieve herd-immunity earlier, and quench the later-spread HVS at earlier stages. We find our two-parameter (the spread-rate and the initial onset time of the LVS) can accurately explain the current infection levels (R^2=0.74); p-value (p) of 5.2x10^-13). Furthermore, countries exposed early should have already achieved herd-immunity. We predict that in those countries cumulative infection levels could rise by no more than 2-3 times the current level through local-outbreaks, even in the absence of any containment measures. We suggest several tests and predictions to further verify the double-strain co-infection model and discuss the implications of identifying the LVS.
Effects of Dapagliflozin on Serum and Urinary Uric Acid Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: a Prospective Pilot Trial
Authors: Yuan Tao , Liu Shixuan , Dong Yingyue , Fu Yong , Tang Yan , Zhao Wei-Gang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
We aimed to evaluate the effects of dapagliflozin short-term therapy on serum uric acid (SUA) and urinary uric acid (UUA) levels in type 2 diabetic patients.
Methods
In this prospective pilot trial, 8 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were assigned to the treatment group with dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily for one week, and 7 subjects with normal glucose tolerance were recruited in the control group. Data of anthropometric measurements, SUA, 24-hour UUA, the fractional excretion of UA (FEUA), serum lipid parameters and 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were collected in both treatment and control groups, also repeated after treatment. Area under curve of glucose (AUCGlu) was calculated to reflect the general glucose levels, insulin resistance and islet β-cell secretion function were reflected by indices calculated according to the data obtained from OGTT.
Results
The weight and serum lipid parameters showed no differences before and after dapagliflozin treatment for one week. We found SUA levels reduced from 347.75 ± 7.75 µmol/L before treatment to 273.25 ± 43.18 µmol/L after treatment with a significant difference (p = 0.001), accompanying with a significant increase in FEUA from 0.009 to 0.029 (p = 0.035), and there was a linear correlation between SUA and FEUA levels. The glucose control, insulin sensitivity and islet β-cell secretion function were improved to a certain extent. We also found the decrease in glucose levels were positively correlated with the improvement of islet β-cell secretion function.
Conclusions
Dapagliflozin can present the effect on reducing SUA by increasing UA excretion within one-week treatment, a certain degree of improvement in glucose levels and islet β-cell function were observed.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT04014192. Registered 12 July 2019, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04014192?term=NCT04014192&draw=2&rank=1. Yes.