bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D Layered Graphene Oxide Films Integrated with Micro‐Ring Resonators for Enhanced Nonlinear Optics
Authors: Wu Jiayang , Yang Yunyi , Qu Yang , Jia Linnan , Zhang Yuning , Xu Xingyuan , Chu Sai T. , Little Brent E. , Morandotti Roberto , Jia Baohua , Moss David J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLayered 2D graphene oxide (GO) films are integrated with micro‐ring resonators (MRRs) to experimentally demonstrate enhanced nonlinear optics. Both uniformly coated (1−5 layers) and patterned (10−50 layers) GO films are integrated on complementary‐metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS)‐compatible doped silica MRRs using a large‐area, transfer‐free, layer‐by‐layer GO coating method with precise control of the film thickness. The patterned devices further employ photolithography and lift‐off processes to enable precise control of the film placement and coating length. Four‐wave‐mixing (FWM) measurements for different pump powers and resonant wavelengths show a significant improvement in efficiency of ≈7.6 dB for a uniformly coated device with 1 GO layer and ≈10.3 dB for a patterned device with 50 GO layers. The measurements agree well with theory, with the enhancement in FWM efficiency resulting from the high Kerr nonlinearity and low loss of the GO films combined with the strong light–matter interaction within the MRRs. The dependence of GO's third‐order nonlinearity on layer number and pump power is also extracted from the FWM measurements, revealing interesting physical insights about the evolution of the GO films from 2D monolayers to quasi bulk‐like behavior. These results confirm the high nonlinear optical performance of integrated photonic resonators incorporated with 2D layered GO films.
CXCR4 expression in the bone marrow microenvironment is required for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell maintenance and early hematopoietic regeneration after myeloablation
Authors: Singh Pratibha , Mohammad Khalid S. , Pelus Louis M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment/niche plays a key role in regulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) activities; however, mechanisms regulating niche cell function are not well understood. In this study, we show that niche intrinsic expression of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor critically regulates HSPC maintenance during steady state, and promotes early hematopoietic regeneration after myeloablative irradiation. At steady state, chimeric mice with wild-type (WT) HSPC and marrow stroma that lack CXCR4 show decreased HSPC quiescence, and their repopulation capacity was markedly reduced. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were significantly reduced in the BM of CXCR4 deficient mice, which was accompanied by decreased levels of the HSPC supporting factors stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and stem cell factor (SCF). CXCR4 also plays a crucial role in survival and restoration of BM stromal cells after myeloablative irradiation, where the loss of BM stromal cells was more severe in CXCR4-deficient mice compared to WT mice. In addition, transplantation of WT donor HSPC into CXCR4-deficient recipient mice demonstrated reduced HSPC homing and early hematopoietic reconstitution. We found that CXCR4 signaling attenuates irradiation-induced BM stromal cell loss by upregulating the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Survivin via the PI3K pathway. Our study suggests that SDF-1-CXCR4 signaling in the stromal microenvironment cells plays a crucial role in maintenance of HSPCs during homeostasis, and promotes niche regeneration and early hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation. Modulation of CXCR4 signaling in the HSPC microenvironment could be a means to enhance hematopoietic recovery after clinical hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Thermo‐time domain reflectometry to evaluate unsaturated soils contaminated with nonaqueous phase liquids
Authors: Ju Zhaoqiang , Sun Hongyong , Liu Xiaojing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSoil and groundwater contamination by nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) has become a serious environmental issue. This study applied the thermo‐time domain reflectometry (TTDR) technique to determine the effects of NAPL contamination on the thermal and electromagnetic properties of unsaturated soils. Furthermore, the applicability of TTDR to determine the NAPL content was evaluated, and a new calibration equation was established to estimate the NAPL saturation level in unsaturated soils. Multiple unsaturated sand and silt loam samples at a constant water content were mixed with various amounts of motor and sunflower seed oils. The TTDR probes were then applied to simultaneously measure the dielectric constant, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity. An independent experiment was conducted to compare the NAPL content estimated using the new calibration equation and the known content. The results show that the NAPL content had no effect on the dielectric constant, and the soil dielectric constant maintained a steady value at the same water content, which ranged from 5 to 20 with increasing water content. At a constant water content, the soil electrical conductivity slightly decreased as the NAPL content increased. The soil thermal conductivity generally increased with the addition of NAPLs. There was a linear correlation between the total liquid content in the soil and the volumetric heat capacity. A new calibration equation was established to determine the NAPL saturation in soils from the relationship between the soil saturation, volumetric heat capacity, and water content as measured by time domain reflectometry. Independent validation indicated that the calibration equation was able to provide accurate NAPL saturation data in the laboratory, with a RMSE of 0.042.
Degradation of atrazine in aqueous solution through peroxymonosulfate activated by Co‐modified nano‐titanium dioxide
Authors: Cai Hanying , Li Jun , Yin Haoxiang , Yao Gang , Lai Bo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPeroxymonosulfate (PMS) heterogeneous activation by Co3O4‐modified catalyst has shown significant implications to generate free radicals for organic pollutants degradation in water. In this study, PMS heterogeneous activation was applied to degrade atrazine (ATZ) using Co3O4‐mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Co3O4/TiO2 NPs), which were synthesized by sol‐gel method. Firstly, characteristics of the fresh and used Co3O4/TiO2 NPs were analyzed via SEM, TEM, XRD, EDS, and XPS techniques. Then, the influences of several key parameters (i.e., Co3O4/TiO2 NPs dose (0.02–0.3 g/L), PMS dose (0–0.6 mM), initial pH (3.0–11.0), and co‐existing anions) on the ATZ degradation were investigated systematically. Besides, control systems were set up to verify the high efficiency of Co3O4/TiO2 NPs. In addition, the radical scavenging experiments revealed that sulfate and hydroxyl radicals were generated in the Co3O4/TiO2‐PMS system, while sulfate radicals were the dominant reactive species responsible for ATZ degradation. Furthermore, the stability and reusability of the Co3O4/TiO2 NPs were investigated after four consecutive experiments. Based on the identified products, possible degradation pathways of ATZ in the Co3O4/TiO2‐PMS system were proposed. Finally, the possible reaction mechanism of Co3O4/TiO2‐PMS system was proposed according to the comprehensive analysis. Findings of this study provided useful information for the application of Co3O4/TiO2 NPs in recalcitrant organic contaminants degradation.Practitioner points

Co3O4/TiO2 NPs were synthesized via the simple sol‐gel method.

Co3O4/TiO2 NPs possessed excellent catalytic performance for PMS to eliminate ATZ.

Sulfate radicals play a dominant role in the degradation of ATZ.

ATZ degradation pathways and reaction mechanism in the system were proposed.
BTZ dynamics and chaos
Authors: Poojary Rohan R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe find an effective action for gravitational interactions with scalars inAdS3to first order inGNat the conformal boundary. This action can be understood as an action for the Brown-Henneaux modes and is given by the square-root product of right and left moving Schwarzian derivatives for conformal transformations of the boundary. We thus reproduce the result$$ {\lambda}_L=\frac{2\pi }{\beta } $$λL=2πβfor OTOC computed first in arXiv:1412.6087 for a Schwarzchild black hole inAdS3. Applying the same procedure to rotating BTZ we find the Lyapunov index to be$$ {\lambda}_L=\frac{2\pi }{\beta +}>\frac{2\pi }{\beta } $$λL=2πβ+>2πβwhereβ+=β(1− μL), with$$ {\mu}_L=\frac{r_{-}}{r_{+}} $$μL=r−r+being the chemical potential for angular momentum. We thus comment on a possible generalization to a part of the proof given in arXiv:1503.01409 to accommodate this result.
Quantum nature of Wigner function for inflationary tensor perturbations
Authors: Gong Jinn-Ouk , Seo Min-Seok 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We study the Wigner function for the inflationary tensor perturbation defined in the real phase space. We compute explicitly the Wigner function including the contributions from the cubic self-interaction Hamiltonian of tensor perturbations. Then we argue that it is no longer an appropriate description for the probability distribution in the sense that quantum nature allows negativity around vanishing phase variables. This comes from the non-Gaussian wavefunction in the mixed state as a result of the non-linear interaction between super- and sub-horizon modes. We also show that this is related to the explicit infrared divergence in the Wigner function, in contrast to the trace of the density matrix.
Suprakondyläre Humerusfraktur im Kindesalter
Authors: Weinberg Annelie-Martina , Frei Benjamin , Holweg Patrik 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Einteilung der suprakondylären Oberarmfraktur erfolgt im deutschsprachigen Raum nach der Von-Laer-Klassifikation, die von der AO übernommen wurde und den Vorteil bietet, dass daraus die Therapie ableitbar ist. Wenn indiziert, wird die sofortige Operation einer zeitnahen verzögerten Versorgung vorgezogen. Das Ergebnis wird anhand funktioneller Tests direkt im OP kontrolliert. Frakturinstabilität und korrektes Platzieren der Kirschner(K)-Drähte stellen Herausforderungen dar. Alternativen sind Fixateur externe und elastisch stabile intramedulläre Nagelung (ESIN). Begleitende Verletzungen betreffen initial den N. medianus und die A. brachialis, in zweiter Linie den N. radialis. Der N.-ulnaris-Schaden ist meist eine postoperative Komplikation. Die knöcherne Konsolidation ist nach 3 bis 4 Wochen gegeben; danach können eingebrachte Implantate entfernt werden. Versenkte K‑Drähte und ESIN werden nach 3 bis 6 Monaten entfernt, je nach operativer Kapazität und Beschwerden des Patienten.
Sordaria macrospora: 25 years as a model organism for studying the molecular mechanisms of fruiting body development
Authors: Teichert Ines , Pöggeler Stefanie , Nowrousian Minou 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFruiting bodies are among the most complex multicellular structures formed by fungi, and the molecular mechanisms that regulate their development are far from understood. However, studies with a number of fungal model organisms have started to shed light on this developmental process. One of these model organisms isSordaria macrospora, a filamentous ascomycete from the orderSordariales. This fungus has been a genetic model organism since the 1950s, but its career as a model organism for molecular genetics really took off in the 1990s, when the establishment of a transformation protocol, a mutant collection, and an indexed cosmid library provided the methods and resources to start revealing the molecular mechanisms of fruiting body development. In the 2000s, “omics” methods were added to theS. macrosporatool box, and by 2020, 58 developmental genes have been identified in this fungus. This review gives a brief overview of major method developments forS. macrospora, and then focuses on recent results characterizing different processes involved in regulating development including several regulatory protein complexes, autophagy, transcriptional and chromatin regulation, and RNA editing.Key points•Sordaria macrospora is a model system for analyzing fungal fruiting body development.•More than 100 developmental mutants are available for S. macrospora.•More than 50 developmental genes have been characterized in S. macrospora.
The Patients with Hirschsprung's Disease Who Underwent Pull‐Through at Age Less than 1 Year: Longitudinal Bowel Function
Authors: Oh Chaeyoun , Youn Joong Kee , Han Ji‐Won , Yang Hee‐Beom , Kim Hyun‐Young , Jung Sung‐Eun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundFrequent stooling immediately after pull‐through (PT), fecal soiling, and constipation are chronic complications of Hirschsprung's disease (HD). This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal outcomes in terms of bowel function of patients below the age of 1 year undergoing PT.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 396 patients who underwent PT for HD between September 1979 and March 2014. Stool frequency was analyzed up to 10 years of age, and soiling and constipation were analyzed up to 15 years of age.ResultsAfter resection of the aganglionic segment (AS), stool frequency decreased over time. Furthermore, stool frequency among the three groups was similar 4 years after PT. Among the patients with aganglionic bowel resection, those who underwent the Soave procedure (SP) had an increase (0.56/day) in stool frequency than those who underwent the Duhamel procedure (DP). The soiling severity according to the AS was similar after 5 years of age. More severe soiling was better associated with patients who underwent the SP than those who underwent the DP. The constipation severity increased gradually until around 5 years and declined thereafter. More severe constipation was better associated with the DP than with the SP.ConclusionThe result of the analysis of stool frequency and soiling in patients with HD indicated that shorter ASs resulted in fewer bowel movements and less severe soiling. However, with the increase in patient age, the differences became similar. Compared to the DP, the SP was associated with an increased frequency of bowel movements and soiling severity; however, the constipation severity was lower.
Ein mikrochirurgisches Wetlab für Studierende steigert das Interesse an der Augenheilkunde
Authors: Müller Andreas , Pfeiffer Norbert , Schmidt Franziska , Prokosch Verena 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Praktischen Inhalten wird in den Curricula der Humanmedizin zunehmend Platz eingeräumt. Bei verbreitetem Bewerbermangel trägt dies zu einem vermehrten Interesse seitens der Studierenden an den jeweiligen Fachbereichen bei. Einen praktischen Reiz der Augenheilkunde stellt die mikrochirurgische Arbeitsweise dar. Eine Einführung kann beispielsweise mit einem mikrochirurgischen Nahtkurs geleistet werden.

Ziel der Arbeit
Erfassung des Zugewinns des Interesses an der Augenheilkunde mittels Evaluation eines Nahtkurs-Wetlabs inklusive Nähen unter dem Mikroskop.

Material und Methoden
Die Daten wurden im Blockpraktikum Augenheilkunde des 6. Semesters an der Universitätsmedizin Mainz im April 2019 erhoben. In einem Fragebogen wurden verschiedene Aussagen auf Ordinalskalen gemeinsam mit dem Zentrum für Qualitätssicherung und -entwicklung der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz bewertet und ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 64 Evaluationsbögen von 8 Gruppen unterschiedlicher Dozenten zu je 8 Teilnehmern ausgewertet. Das Wetlab wurde im Mittel mit einer Schulnote von 1,24 ± 0,5 (MW±SD) bewertet. Es bestand Zustimmung (1 = stimme völlig zu, 7 = stimme gar nicht zu) zum Wunsch nach weiteren Wetlabs unter dem Mikroskop (1,86 ± 1,28) sowie nach dem Erlernen von mehr augenchirurgischen Techniken (2,02 ± 1,13). Das Interesse an der Augenheilkunde (1 = sehr groß, 7 = sehr gering) nahm von 3,66 ± 1,55 zu Beginn des Kurses auf 2,52 ± 1,00 zu.

Diskussion
Das Interesse an der Augenheilkunde lässt sich mittels eines mikrochirurgischen Wetlabs steigern. Bei Studierenden kann so das Interesse an der Augenheilkunde geweckt werden, was sich vorteilhaft auf Bewerbersituation und Forschungsarbeiten auswirken kann. So können sich bereits im Studium Erfahrungen und praktische Techniken der Augenheilkunde angeeignet werden.
Nekrotisierende Skleritis nach Akanthamöbenkeratitis
Authors: Lang Stefan J. , Böhringer Daniel , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie noduläre Skleritis und die nekrotisierende Skleritis sind seltene Komplikationen der Akanthamöbenkeratitis. Wir präsentieren den Fall einer 61-jährigen Patientin, die seit mehr als 4 Monaten an einer persistierenden Keratitis am rechten Auge litt. Es wurde eine perforierende Limbokeratoplastik durchgeführt. Die Untersuchung des Hornhautexplantates zeigte Akanthamöbenzysten. In den folgenden 5 Monaten zeigte die Sklera rezidivierende Abszedierungen. Wir führten insgesamt 2 Thermokauterisationen und 3 Amnionmembrantransplantationen durch. Nach unserem Wissen ist dies der erste Fall einer Sklerokeratitis nach einer Akanthamöbenkeratitis, welcher mit einer Kombination aus Thermokauterisation und Amnionmembrantransplantation behandelt wurde. Weitere Studien sind notwendig, um dieses Verfahren als Alternative zur etablierten Kryotherapie zu untersuchen.
Secondary prevention of UV-induced skin cancer: development and pilot testing of an educational patient counseling approach for individual sun protection as standard procedure of patient care
Authors: Ludewig Michaela , Rocholl Marc , John Swen Malte , Wilke Annika 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo outline the development and pilot testing of a patient counseling approach for individual sun protection for patients in outdoor professions diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma or multiple actinic keratosis due to solar UV radiation. This is a secondary prevention measure as part of the standard procedure of patient care by the respective statutory accident insurance.MethodsResults of guideline-based qualitative interviews with seven outdoor workers and a search of literature formed the basis for the counseling approach, which was compiled in a manual. Interdisciplinary experts (dermatologists and educators) reviewed and consented the final manual. The pilot testing was conducted in consecutive steps (N1 = 36 patients and N1 = 2 counselors; N4 = 12 patients and N4 = 6 counselors). The first two stages of the revised guideline ‘Criteria for Reporting the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions in healthcare (CReDECI 2)’ serve as background and structure for presenting the results.ResultsThe ‘counseling approach for individual sun protection (ILB: Individuelle Lichtschutz-Beratung)’ consists of seven general and eight add-on modules. These can be combined and tailored according to the patient’s individual needs. Interactive, educational components (e.g. haptic experiments) are crucial elements of the counseling approach.ConclusionsThe special requirements of outdoor workers are hardly taken into consideration in Germany, even though the interest for an improved sun protection behavior of some occupational groups is high. The advantage of the presented approach is that the heterogeneous needs of patients can be specifically addressed with its various modules.
Quantitative absolute continuity of planar measures with two independent Alberti representations
Authors: Bate David , Orponen Tuomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe study measures $$\mu $$μ on the plane with two independent Alberti representations. It is known, due to Alberti, Csörnyei, and Preiss, that such measures are absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the result of A–C–P. Assuming that the representations of $$\mu $$μ are bounded from above, in a natural way to be defined in the introduction, we prove that $$\mu \in L^{2}$$μ∈L2. If the representations are also bounded from below, we show that $$\mu $$μ satisfies a reverse Hölder inequality with exponent 2, and is consequently in $$L^{2 + \epsilon }$$L2+ϵ by Gehring’s lemma. A substantial part of the paper is also devoted to showing that both results stated above are optimal.
Composition of amino acids and related nitrogenous nutrients in feedstuffs for animal diets
Authors: Li Peng , Wu Guoyao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe analyzed the composition of amino acids (AAs) in oligopeptides, proteins, and the free pool, as well as creatine, agmatine, polyamines, carnosine, anserine, and glutathione, in animal- and plant-derived feedstuffs. Ingredients of animal origins were black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFM), chicken by-product meal, chicken visceral digest, feather meal, Menhaden fishmeal, Peruvian anchovy fishmeal, Southeast Asian fishmeal, spray-dried peptone from enzymes-treated porcine mucosal tissues, poultry by-product meal (pet-food grade), spray-dried poultry plasma, and spray-dried egg product. Ingredients of plant origins were algae spirulina meal, soybean meal, and soy protein concentrate. All animal-derived feedstuffs contained large amounts of all proteinogenic AAs (particularly glycine, proline, glutamate, leucine, lysine, and arginine) and key nonproteinogenic AAs (taurine and 4-hydroxyproline), as well as significant amounts of agmatine, polyamines, creatine, creatinine, creatine phosphate, and glutathione. These nitrogenous substances are essential to either DNA and protein syntheses in cells or energy metabolism in tissues (particularly the brain and skeletal muscle). Of note, chicken by-product meal, poultry by-product meal, and spray-dried poultry plasma contained large amounts of carnosine and anserine (potent antioxidants). Compared with most of the animal-derived feedstuffs, plant-derived feedstuffs contained much lower contents of glycine and proline, little 4-hydroxyproline, and no creatine, creatinine, creatine phosphate, carnosine or anserine. These results indicate the unique importance of animal-source feedstuffs in improving the feed efficiency, growth and health of animals (including fish and companion animals). Because soy protein concentrate is consumed by infants, children and adults, as are BSFM and algae for children and adults, our findings also have important implications for human nutrition.
Untersuchung und Optimierung des Einflusses von niedrig auflösenden Rotorlagegebern auf die Fahrbarkeitsfunktionen elektrifizierter Fahrzeugantriebssysteme mittels eines Hardware-in-the-Loop-Prüfstands
Authors: Koch Andreas , Schulz Ludwig , Jakstas Gabrielius , Falkenstein Jens 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungElektrofahrzeuge unterscheiden sich bezüglich ihres Antriebsstrangs deutlich von Kraftfahrzeugen mit verbrennungsmotorischem Antrieb. Typischerweise ist keine Trennkupplung verbaut und mit einer geringen Anzahl von Gangstufen reduzieren sich die Reibung und die Dämpfung. Ein Hauptproblem hierbei ist die Schwingungsentwicklung durch innere (Drehmomentänderungen der Elektromaschine, Bremseingriffe) und äußere Anregung (Fahrbahnunebenheiten, Schlaglöcher usw.). Um entstehende Schwingungen im Antriebsstrang und somit die Bauteilbelastungen zu verringern, sind schwingungsdämpfende Maßnahmen erforderlich. Hierbei gilt es, eine Erhöhung des Fahrkomforts ohne zu große Einbußen in der Fahrzeugdynamik zu erreichen.Dieser Artikel beschreibt Untersuchungen des dynamischen Verhaltens eines elektrischen Fahrzeugantriebsstrangs auf einem Hardware-in-the-Loop-Prüfstand. Es werden innere Anregungen durch Drehmomentänderungen der Elektromaschine beim Anfahren betrachtet. Dabei werden die Einflüsse unterschiedlicher Auflösungen des Rotorlagegebers der Elektromaschine auf die aktive Schwingungsdämpfung untersucht. Mit dem Einführen eines Beobachters für die Rotorwinkelgeschwindigkeit der Elektromaschine wird abschließend eine Optimierung des Schwingungsverhaltens des Antriebsstrangs im Falle niedrig auflösender Rotorlagegeber vorgenommen.