bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and single‐centre toxicology study identified analgesics and benzodiazepines as the main causes of paediatric medication poisoning
Authors: Smarczewski Mary Anne P. , Osternack Karyna T. , Garlet Quelen I. , Oliveira Cláudia S. , Mello Rosiane G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThis study evaluated medication poisoning in paediatric patients through a systematic review and a retrospective documentary analysis in a Brazilian toxicological centre.MethodsThe data were systematically collected on PubMed, Scopus and SciELO databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines. We included epidemiologic and prevalence studies that were published in English or Portuguese from 2013 to 2017 and covered paediatric patients. The retrospective incidence study was carried out in a Brazilian toxicological centre and was a documentary analysis of paediatric medication poisoning cases from 2005 to 2015.ResultsThe systematic review comprised 13 papers covering 895 206 poisoning cases from six different countries. The main agents of intoxication were analgesics and antihistamines. The eight papers that explored the reasons for the poisonings showed that 93% of those 762 863 cases were accidental. The Brazilian toxicological centre recorded 443 paediatric patients poisoned by medication such as benzodiazepines, analgesics and antibiotics and found that 63.2% were accidental. However, it agreed with the global findings in many other aspects.ConclusionThe systematic review showed a sustained number of paediatric medication toxicity cases worldwide and the key findings were broadly reflected by the retrospective study carried out in the Brazilian toxicological centre.
Efficacy and safety of modified electroconvulsive therapy for the refractory depression in older patients
Authors: Jiang Xue , Xie Qin , Liu Lian‐Zhong , Zhong Bao‐Liang , Si Liang , Fan Fang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe explored the clinical efficacy and safety of modified electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the treatment of elderly patients with refractory depression.MethodsA total of 43 older patients with refractory depression were enrolled in our study from March 2014 to February 2015, with the average age of 65 ± 4.8 years old. Modified electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was performed in these patients after physical examinations and anesthesia procedures. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were used to assessing the efficacy of ECT, and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) and mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) were used to evaluate the memory ability and cognitive function.ResultsThe rate of efficacy was calculated as 67.44% after 4 weeks of ECT treatment. Our results showed that HAMA and HAMD scores after 2 weeks of ECT treatment were significantly lower than pretreatment, and the differences were more significant after 4 weeks of ECT treatment. Compared with pretreatment, the scores of memory quotient and immediate memory of WMS decreased significantly after 1 week of treatment. However, these events were not be presented with the progress of treatment, except for after 2 weeks of treatment. Our results demonstrated that compared with pretreatment, the scores of MMSE significantly increased after 4 weeks of treatment.ConclusionECT is an effective, well‐tolerated, and safe method for the treatment of older patients with refractory depression. ECT can be recommended for the treatment of these patients after conducting effective risk control of comorbid somatic diseases.
Rethinking the oversight conditions of human–animal chimera research
Authors: Piotrowska Monika 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNew discoveries are improving the odds of human cells surviving in host animals, prompting regulatory and funding agencies to issue calls for additional layers of ethical oversight for certain types of human–animal chimeras. Of interest are research proposals involving chimeric animals with humanized brains. But what is motivating the demand for additional oversight? I locate two, not obviously compatible, motivations, each of which provides the justificatory basis for paying special attention to different sets of human–animal chimeras. Surprisingly, the sets of animals that actually get flagged for special scrutiny by research and funding guidelines do not correlate with either of the sets of animals that arise when we think about what is motivating additional oversight. What this shows is that existing research policies and funding guidelines are disconnected from their motivation: the rationale for flagging certain types of human–animal chimeras as requiring special oversight is ignored in execution.
Tectonic control on mass‐transport deposit and canyon‐fed fan system in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Sea of Japan)
Authors: Park Yongjoon , Yoo Donggeun , Kang Nyeonkeon , Yi Boyeon , Kim Byoungyeop 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExtensive 2D multichannel seismic (~17340 km) and well data provide an opportunity to investigate the source to sink processes and triggering factors of the Late Miocene sedimentary record in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Sea of Japan). The sedimentary succession of the basin comprises two distinct deep‐water depositional systems, which are characterised by stacked mass‐transport deposits (MTDs) and subsequent submarine fan. Individual MTDs spread downslope over areas as large as ~9000 km2 with NW–SE or N–S flow direction. The deep‐water fan consists of distributary channel‐lobe complexes (DLCs) that are 80 km wide and 140 km long. Two major tectonic periods driven by structural deformation characterised the Late Miocene deep‐water sedimentation growth. During early to middle Late Miocene (10.3–8.2 Ma), the MTDs were sourced from degraded fold triggered by slope oversteepening and seismicity on the southeastern basin margin, where the thrust‐and‐fold belt developed. In the middle to latest Late Miocene (8.2–6.3 Ma), the DLCs were fed by canyon‐channel systems on the southwestern basin margin, where the tectonic uplift of the anticline was active. Therefore, this study suggests that strike variation in shelf‐margin erosional and depositional processes were caused principally by the locations and timings of tectonic deformation.
Dung beetle‐megafauna trophic networks in Singapore’s fragmented forests
Authors: Ong Xin Rui , Slade Eleanor M. , Lim Matthew L. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigated trophic networks between dung beetles and megafauna species in five forest fragments in Singapore varying in size and isolation. We found that Singapore's dung beetle communities were attracted to extant and extinct dung types from different dietary groups. All forest fragment networks were similar and displayed high generalism and high nestedness.
LINC00973 is involved in cancer immune suppression through positive regulation of Siglec‐15 in clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Yanbin , Li Xingzhi , Zhang Changming , Zhang Hui , Huang Yali 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe pioneering work from Lieping Chen’s laboratory identified Siglec‐15 as a novel tumor immune suppressor, while the regulatory mechanisms underlying the broad upregulation of Siglec‐15 in human cancers remain obscure. Here we found that long non–coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00973 was higher in Siglec‐15‐positive clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and LINC00973 positively regulated Siglec‐15 expression at transcriptional level. This effect was evidently dependent on miR‐7109‐3p (designated as miR‐7109 hereafter), and we provided evidence that Siglec‐15 is a direct target of miR‐7109. Through sponging miR‐7109, LINC00973 functioned as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to control cell surface abundance of Siglec‐15, and, consequently, was involved in cancer immune suppression. We further demonstrated that LINC00973 and miR‐7109 expression in ccRCC antagonistically influenced immune activation of co–cultured Jurkat cells. Our study highlighted the importance of LINC00973‐miR‐7109‐Siglec‐15 in immune evasion in ccRCC, which offers significant opportunity for both therapeutic intervention and diagnostic/prognostic exploitations.
DNA methylation analysis with methylation‐sensitive high‐resolution melting (MS‐HRM) reveals gene panel for glioma characteristics
Authors: Majchrzak‐Celińska Aleksandra , Dybska Emilia , Barciszewska Anna‐Maria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionLocal DNA hypermethylation is a potential source of cancer biomarkers. While the evaluation of single gene methylation has limited value, their selected panel may provide better information.AimsThis study aimed to analyze the promoter methylation level in a 7‐gene panel in brain tumors and verifies the usefulness of methylation‐sensitive high‐resolution melting (MS‐HRM) for this purpose.MethodsForty‐six glioma samples and one non‐neoplastic brain sample were analyzed by MS‐HRM in terms of SFRP1, SFRP2, RUNX3, CBLN4, INA, MGMT, and RASSF1A promoter methylation. The results were correlated with patients’ clinicopathological features.ResultsDNA methylation level of all analyzed genes was significantly higher in brain tumor samples as compared to non‐neoplastic brain and commercial, unmethylated DNA control. RASSF1A was the most frequently methylated gene, with statistically significant differences depending on the tumor WHO grade. Higher MGMT methylation levels were observed in females, whereas the levels of SFRP1 and INA promoter methylation significantly increased with patients’ age. A positive correlation of promoter methylation levels was observed between pairs of genes, for example, CBLN4 and INA or MGMT and RASSF1A.ConclusionsOur 7‐gene panel of promoter methylation can be helpful in brain tumor diagnosis or characterization, and MS‐HRM is a suitable method for its analysis.
Clinical utility of oximetric parameters to identify a high‐risk phenotype of moderate‐severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
Authors: Labarca Gonzalo , Dreyse Jorge , Salas Constanza , Letelier Francisca , Schmidt Alexia , Rivera Francisca , Jorquera Jorge 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is unclear if oximetric parameters, such as total time of SpO2 < 90%, (T90), oxygen desaturation index‐3% (ODI), minimum SpO2, are able to describe a high‐risk subtype of cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities in patients with Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) beyond the apnea‐hypopnea index.ObjectiveTo analyzed oximetric variables in patients with moderate‐severe OSA to assess their predictive value regarding as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary heart disease (CHD) and CV mortality.MethodsUsing data from SantOSA cohort, we develop receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) for each parameter, defining the proposed cutoff point in a training set. Then, in a validation set with a 5 years follow‐up, we evaluate the clinical differences between groups using the proposed cutoff. We also calculated adjusted Hazard Ratios (HR) of mortality using a Cox regression model.ResultsAbout 965 patients with moderate‐severe OSA (525 in training and 440 in validation group) were included. The best AUC was achieved with T90 (AUC = 0.66) and ODI (AUC = 0.61). Proposed cutoffs of T90 were hypertension: 10%, T2DM: 20%, CHD: 15%, meanwhile, proposed cutoff of ODI was ≥ 30 ev for hypertension and T2DM. Regarding CV mortality, T90 ≥ 20% was independently associated with an adjusted HR 2.44 (CI, 1.21‐4.94), P‐value = 0.01, meanwhile, ODI ≥ 30 ev. reported and adjusted HR 1.59 (CI, 0.75‐3.39), P‐value = 0.22.ConclusionIn patients with moderate‐severe OSA, oximetric parameters, especially T90 ≥ 20% remained a predictor of mortality after adjusting for a range of demographic and disease predictors.
Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Maritano Furcada Joaquín , Castro Horacio Matías , De Vito Eduardo Luis , Grande Ratti María Florencia , Posadas‐Martínez María Lourdes , Giunta Diego Hernán , Vazquez Fernando Javier , Ferreyro Bruno Leonel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionPulmonary embolism (PE) remains a frequent complication in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is unclear that the extent to which the traditional risk stratifying scores for PE are accurate in this population.MethodsCross‐sectional study of adult patients with COPD and suspected PE included in an Institutional Registry of Thromboembolic Disease at a tertiary teaching hospital in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. We estimated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AU‐ROC), sensitivity and specificity of the Wells and Geneva scores using a positive computed tomography angiography as the gold standard for PE. We also estimated the sensitivity and specificity for the presence of isolated worsening of dyspnea at presentation, without other cardinal symptoms of acute exacerbation of COPD.ResultsA total of 168 patients were included, of which 22% had confirmed PE. The AUC was 0.66 (95% CI 0.56‐0.76) and 0.56 (95% CI 0.45‐0.67) for the Wells and Geneva, respectively. Considering the most widely used cutoff points, the sensitivity and specificity were 24% and 90% for the Wells and 59% and 43% for the Geneva score, respectively. Isolated worsening of dyspnea on presentation had a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 37%.ConclusionsBoth Wells and Geneva scores exhibit poor diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of PE in patients with COPD. The presence of isolated worsening of dyspnea on presentation could be an easy to identify criteria for the initial triage in this population. Further validation of our findings remains warranted.
Pediatric transplantation in Europe during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Early impact on activity and healthcare
Authors: Doná Daniele , Torres Canizales Juan , Benetti Elisa , Cananzi Mara , De Corti Federica , Calore Elisabetta , Hierro Loreto , Ramos Boluda Esther , Melgosa Hijosa Marta , Garcia Guereta Luis , Pérez Martínez Antonio , Barrios Maribel , Costa Reis Patricia , Teixeira Ana , Lopes Maria Francelina , Kaliciński Piotr , Branchereau Sophie , Boyer Olivia , Debray Dominque , Sciveres Marco , Wennberg Lars , Fischler Björn , Barany Peter , Baker Alastair , Baumann Ulrich , Schwerk Nicolaus , Nicastro Emanuele , Candusso Manila , Toporski Jacek , Sokal Etienne , Stephenne Xavier , Lindemans Caroline , Miglinas Marius , Rascon Jelena , Jara Paloma ,   ERN TransplantChild
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe current pandemic SARS‐CoV‐2 has required an unusual allocation of resources that can negatively impact chronically ill patients and high‐complexity procedures. Across the European Reference Network on Pediatric Transplantation (ERN TransplantChild), we conducted a survey to investigate the impact of the COVID‐19 outbreak on pediatric transplant activity and healthcare practices in both solid organ transplantation (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The replies of 30 professionals from 18 centers in Europe were collected. Twelve of 18 centers (67%) showed a reduction in their usual transplant activity. Additionally, outpatient visits have been modified and restricted to selected ones, and the use of telemedicine tools has increased. Additionally, a total of 14 COVID‐19 pediatric transplanted patients were identified at the time of the survey, including eight transplant recipients and six candidates for transplantation. Only two moderate‐severe cases were reported, both in HSCT setting. These survey results demonstrate the limitations in healthcare resources for pediatric transplantation patients during early stages of this pandemic. COVID‐19 disease is a major worldwide challenge for the field of pediatric transplantation, where there will be a need for systematic data collection, encouraging regular discussions to address the long‐term consequences for pediatric transplantation candidates, recipients, and their families.
18‐month‐olds fail to use recent experience to infer the syntactic category of novel words
Authors: Havron Naomi , Babineau Mireille , Christophe Anne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInfants are able to use the contexts in which familiar words appear to guide their inferences about the syntactic category of novel words (e.g. ‘This is a’ + ‘dax’ ‐> dax = object). The current study examined whether 18‐month‐old infants can rapidly adapt these expectations by tracking the distribution of syntactic structures in their input. In French, la petite can be followed by both nouns (la petite balle, ‘the little ball’) and verbs (la petite mange, ‘the little one is eating’). Infants were habituated to a novel word, as well as to familiar nouns or verbs (depending on the experimental group), all appearing after la petite. The familiar words served to create an expectation that la petite would be followed by either nouns or verbs. If infants can utilize their knowledge of a few frequent words to adjust their expectations, then they could use this information to infer the syntactic category of a novel word – and be surprised when the novel word is used in a context that is incongruent with their expectations. However, infants in both groups did not show a difference between noun and verb test trials. Thus, no evidence for adaptation‐based learning was found. We propose that infants have to entertain strong expectations about syntactic contexts before they can adapt these expectations based on recent input.
Prevalence and impact of concomitant malignancy on outcomes among ambulatory heart failure population
Authors: Shuvy Mony , Zwas Donna R. , Keren Andre , Gotsman Israel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionHeart failure (HF) and cancer are medical conditions with a rising prevalence resulting in increased co‐occurrence. We assessed the impact of cancer on clinical outcome in patients with HF and the prognostic impact of specific types of cancers on different HF subpopulations.MethodsAll patients with HF were evaluated for the occurrence of malignant neoplasm at a health maintenance organization and were followed for cardiac‐related hospitalizations and death.ResultsThe study cohort included 7106 HF patients, 1564 of them (22%) had a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm. HF patients with concomitant cancer were older, had more comorbidities and were more likely to have NYHA class III/IV (42% vs. 37%, P < .01), compared with patients with no malignancy. The overall 2‐year mortality rate of the entire HF cohort was 23.2%. Survival rate by Kaplan‐Meier analysis demonstrated that the presence of a malignancy was directly associated with reduced survival: 67.2 ± 1.2% vs 79.5 ± 0.5%, P < .001. Malignancy was associated with an increase in mortality with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21‐1.54, P < .001. The strongest impact of malignancy on outcomes was related to age; among patients <70 years old, the increase in the risk of mortality was the highest with a HR of 2.07, 95% CI 1.54‐2.80, P < .001.ConclusionsMalignancy is common among patients with HF. Patients with concomitant HF and malignancies have poor outcomes, and the impact of cancer on outcome is stronger among young patients.
Secondary mitral regurgitation—Insights from microRNA assessment
Authors: Spinka Georg , Bartko Philipp E. , Pavo Noemi , Freitag Claudia , Zlabinger Katrin , Prausmüller Suriya , Arfsten Henrike , Heitzinger Gregor , Mascherbauer Julia , Hengstenberg Christian , Gyöngyösi Mariann , Hülsmann Martin , Goliasch Georg 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile secondary mitral regurgitation (sMR) is associated with adverse outcome in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), key pathophysiologic mechanisms remain poorly understood and might be elucidated by microRNAs (miRNA/miR), that were recently related to cardiac remodelling. This study sought to assess (i) the differences of miRNA profiles in patients with severe sMR compared to matched disease controls, (ii) the correlation between circulating miRNAs and surrogates of sMR severity as well as (iii) the prognostic implications of miRNA levels in severe sMR.Materials and methodsSixty‐six HFrEF patients were included, of these 44 patients with severe sMR 2:1 matched to HFrEF controls with no/mild sMR. A comprehensive set of miRNAs (miR‐21, miR‐29a, miR‐122, miR‐132, miR‐133a, miR‐let7i) were measured and correlated to echocardiographic sMR severity.ResultsmiRNA patterns differed distinctly between patients with severe sMR and HFrEF controls (P < .05). Among the panel of assessed miRNAs, miR‐133a correlated most strongly with surrogates of sMR severity (r = −0.41, P = .001 with sMR vena contracta width). Interestingly, elevated levels of miR‐133 were associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular death and/or HF hospitalizations with and adjusted HR of 1.85 (95% CI 1.24‐2.76, P = .003).ConclusionsThis study unveils distinct pathophysiologic maladaptions at a cellular level in patients with severe sMR compared to no/mild sMR by showing significant differences in miRNA profiles and correlations with sMR severity, supporting the concept that sMR drives cardiac remodelling in heart failure. Moreover, the increased risk for adverse outcome in HFrEF patients with severe sMR conveyed by miR‐133a might indicate irreversible myocardial damage.
Microbes make the meal: oligolectic bees require microbes within their host pollen to thrive
Authors: Dharampal Prarthana S. , Hetherington Matthew C. , Steffan Shawn A. 
Published: August 2020

1. For solitary bees that specialise on select pollen types (oligoleges), larval development depends on the availability of forage pollen from appropriate host plants and the naturally occurring microbiota present therein. While access to host pollen may be critical for the development of oligolectic bees, the extent to which pollen microbiota contribute to their brood success is unknown.2. To investigate, we used a diet manipulation experiment to rear larvae of the oligolege, Osmia ribifloris, under in‐vitro conditions. Larvae were reared either on host pollen provisioned by their mother or on non‐host pollen collected by honey bees, in the presence or absence of the respective pollen‐associated microbiota. We assessed impacts on components of larval fitness: developmental time, biomass, and survivorship.3. Our results revealed a significant interaction between pollen type and pollen‐associated microbes. The relative effect of microbes on larval performance was substantially greater than that of pollen type. Host pollen substrate produced the fittest larvae but only when combined with its full complement of naturally occurring microbiota. In contrast, host pollen without microbes resulted in a marked decline in fitness components. Larvae consuming non‐host pollen showed intermediate fitness, regardless of whether microbes were present or not.4. These findings imply that the microbiota associated with maternally provisioned host pollen perform critical functions in larval nutrition and survival. For oligoleges in particular, the ability to develop on poorer quality host pollen likely derives from this sustained symbiosis with their microbial exosymbionts, rather than the biochemical characteristics of pollen type alone.