bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for development of diabetes mellitus (Type 3c) after partial pancreatectomy: A systematic review
Authors: Wu Linda , Nahm Christopher B. , Jamieson Nigel B. , Samra Jaswinder , Clifton‐Bligh Roderick , Mittal Anubhav , Tsang Venessa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesType 3c diabetes mellitus (T3cDM) occurring post pancreatectomy can be challenging to treat due to the frequent combination of decreased circulating levels of insulin and glucagon and concurrent exocrine insufficiency. Relatively, little is known regarding the risk factors for development of T3cDM post pancreatectomy. Our aim was to review the literature and assess what is known of the risk factors for the development of new‐onset DM following partial pancreatic resection and where possible determines the incidence, time of onset and the management approach to hyperglycaemia in this context.DesignMedline and Embase databases were reviewed using specific keyword criteria. Original manuscripts published in 1990 or later included. Articles with study population <20, lacking information on new‐onset DM, follow‐up duration or specifically targeting rare procedures/pathology were excluded. The Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment form was applied. Results reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Pooled effect size calculated using random effects model.PatientsThirty six articles were identified that described a total of 5636 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy, 3922 patients having distal pancreatectomy and 315 with central pancreatectomy.ResultsThe incidence of new‐onset DM was significantly different between different types of resection from 9% to 24% after pancreaticoduodenectomy (pooled estimate 16%; 95% CI: 14%‐17%), 3%‐40% after distal pancreatectomy (pooled estimate 21%; 95% CI: 16%‐25%) and 0%‐14% after central pancreatectomy (pooled estimate 6%; 95% CI: 3%‐9%). Surgical site, higher preoperative HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose and lower remnant pancreatic volume had strongest associations with new‐onset DM.ConclusionsThis systematic review supports that risk of development of T3cDM is associated with type of pancreatic resection, lower remnant pancreatic volume and higher preoperative HbA1c.
Differential winter and breeding range shifts: Implications for avian migration distances
Authors: Curley Shannon R. , Manne Lisa L. , Veit Richard R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimFor many migratory avian species, winter and breeding habitats occur at geographically distinct locations. Disparate magnitudes and direction of shifts in wintering and breeding locations could lead to altered migration distances. We investigated how shifts in the centre of abundance (COA) of winter and breeding ranges have changed for 77 species of short‐distance migratory birds. We addressed whether species tracked their historical average temperature and precipitation conditions at their winter and breeding COA, using data from 1990 to 2015.LocationNorth America.MethodsWe calculated the COA for winter and breeding ranges from the National Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count and the North American Breeding Bird Survey. We regressed the annual change in distance (km) between the two annual COAs of each species as a proxy for change in migration distance. We constructed a series of generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to evaluate changes in average temperature and precipitation at the wintering and breeding COAs.ResultsWinter shifts in COA were predominantly northward. For most species, average temperature and precipitation that species experienced had not changed. Breeding shifts in COA varied in direction. For breeding season COAs, average temperature warmed, but average precipitation had not changed. Thirty‐one species significantly decreased their migration distances, mainly driven by northward shifts in the winter range. Ten species increased their migration distances.Main conclusionsWinter and breeding range shifts in COA have not occurred at the same magnitude and direction and have therefore impacted migration distance. Our results suggest that wintering and breeding range shifts occur independently and under different climate pressures.
Awareness, Care and Treatment In Obesity maNagement to inform Haemophilia Obesity Patient Empowerment (ACTION‐TO‐HOPE): Results of a survey of US haemophilia treatment centre professionals
Authors: Wang Michael , Peltier Skye , Baumann Kimberly , Sidonio Robert F. , Witkop Michelle , Cooper David L. , Waters Emily K. , Kahan Scott 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, few studies have assessed the impact of obesity on haemophilia‐specific outcomes or experiences/perceptions of healthcare providers (HCPs) treating haemophilia.AimThe Awareness, Care and Treatment In Obesity maNagement to inform Haemophilia Obesity Patient Empowerment (ACTION‐TO‐HOPE) study was designed to identify HCP insights on the unique challenges of patients with haemophilia and obesity/overweight (PwHO) and the barriers to chronic weight management.MethodsAn online survey collected data from haemophilia treatment centre‐based HCPs. Respondents included 10 adults and 29 paediatric haematologists, 27 nurses/nurse practitioners/physician assistants, 22 physical therapists and 17 social workers.ResultsAlmost all HCPs rated obesity of moderate/high concern and reported that weight significantly affects future health and has an impact on life expectancy, yet fewer than 60% reported discussing the impact of weight on health with their patients. HCPs reported that few PwHO tried to lose weight; not many were ‘successful’. HCPs perceived a desire to feel better physically and joint pain as top motivating factors. HCPs believe that PwHO would have less joint bleeding and pain and greater mobility if they lost weight. HCPs viewed lack of exercise and food preferences/habits as the biggest barriers to initiating/maintaining weight loss and therefore recommended increasing exercise and healthier eating to their patients. However, physical activity in this patient population is limited and requires advice and support.ConclusionsMost HCPs appreciated the impact of obesity on joint bleeding, pain, and function and quality of life. Reduced food intake and increased activity are the most commonly recommended weight‐loss strategies but the least likely to be successful. HCPs desire additional education/materials to understand weight management for PwHO.
Vitamin D levels, prediabetes risk and hemoglobin A1c levels in young non‐diabetic Saudi women
Authors: Al‐Mohaissen Maha A , Lee Terry , Alamri Ali Faris 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionVitamin D levels are negatively correlated with prediabetes risk and hemoglobin A1c levels in individuals with prediabetes. The data are, however, scarce and inconsistent among different populations. We aimed to assess the association of vitamin D with prediabetes risk and hemoglobin A1c levels in young Saudi women with normoglycemia and prediabetes.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed the data of individuals without diabetes (without diabetes history and hemoglobin A1c <6.4%) from the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University’s non‐communicable diseases student registry. Demographic data, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, and hemoglobin A1c and vitamin D results were retrieved and analyzed.ResultsIn total, 345 participants were included in the analysis. The prediabetes status showed no association with vitamin D levels, but it was significantly associated with the participants’ weight and body mass index. Additionally, there was no correlation between the levels of vitamin D and hemoglobin A1c across the whole population, even after correction for body mass index. However, in the body mass index subgroups, when individuals with potentially harmful levels of vitamin D (>125 nmol/L) were excluded, a positive association was detected between vitamin D and hemoglobin A1c levels in the underweight individuals. Hemoglobin A1c values showed a positive correlation only with bodyweight and body mass index.ConclusionsVitamin D levels did not predict prediabetes status and showed no correlation with hemoglobin A1c levels in this population. Vitamin D levels’ effect on the risk of prediabetes might be small compared with other well‐established risk factors, such as obesity.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: You Joyce H S , Jiang Xinchan , Lee Wally H , Chan Paul K S , Ng Siew C 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are at risk for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (RCDI). We aimed to evaluate the potential health economic and clinical outcomes of four strategies for management of RCDI in IBD patients from the perspective of public health‐care provider in Hong Kong.MethodsA decision‐analytic model was designed to simulate outcomes of adult IBD patients with first RCDI treated with vancomycin, vancomycin plus bezlotoxumab, fidaxomicin and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Model inputs were derived from literature and public data. Primary model outcomes were C. difficile infection (CDI)‐related direct medical cost and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) loss. Base‐case and sensitivity analysis were performed.ResultsComparing to vancomycin, fidaxomicin and vancomycin plus bezlotoxumab, FMT saved 0.00318, 0.00149 and 0.00306 QALYs and reduced cost by USD3180, USD3790 and USD5514, respectively, in base‐case analysis. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, FMT was cost‐saving when comparing to vancomycin, fidaxomicin and vancomycin plus bezlotoxumab by USD3765 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3732–3798; P < 0.001), USD3854 (95%CI 3827–3883; P < 0.001) and USD6501 (95%CI 6465–6,536; P < 0.001), respectively. The QALYs saved by FMT (vs vancomycin) were 0.00386 QALYs (95%CI 0.00384–0.00388; P < 0.001), (vs fidaxomicin) 0.00179 QALYs (95%CI 0.00177–0.00180; P < 0.001) and (vs vancomycin plus bezlotoxumab) 0.00376 QALYs (95%CI 0.00374–0.00378; P < 0.001). FMT was found to save QALYs at lower cost in 99.3% (vs vancomycin), 99.7% (vs fidaxomicin) and 100.0% (vs vancomycin plus bezlotoxumab) of the 10 000 Monte Carlo simulations.ConclusionsFMT for IBD patients with RCDI appeared to save both direct medical cost and QALYs when comparing to vancomycin (with or without bezlotoxumab) and fidaxomicin.
Heart rhythm during episodes of collapse in boxers with frequent or complex ventricular ectopy
Authors: Domingues M. , Brookes V. J. , Oliveira P. , Mavropoulou A. , Willis R. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo describe heart rhythm during collapse events in boxer dogs using ambulatory electrocardiogram and determine the predictive value of frequent or complex ventricular ectopy for collapse associated with ventricular tachycardia.Materials and MethodsA total of 659 ambulatory electrocardiogram recordings from 429 boxer dogs were identified from a database in the UK. Summary statistics described the frequency and complexity of ventricular ectopy during all recordings, recordings in which collapse occurred and associated boxer demographics. Positive predictive values were calculated to investigate whether frequent ventricular ectopy was useful to predict heart rhythm during episodes of collapse.ResultsOf the 659 ambulatory electrocardiogram recordings, 250 recordings showed <50 single ventricular beats (Group 1), and frequent (≥50) or complex ventricular ectopy were observed in 409 recordings (Group 2). A total of 90 collapse events were observed in 72 ambulatory electrocardiograms from 68 dogs, comprising 30 dogs in Group 1 and 38 dogs in Group 2. In both groups, sinus rhythm was the most frequent collapse rhythm, followed by neurally mediated collapse and then ventricular tachycardia. The proportion of dogs that displayed ventricular tachycardia‐associated episodic collapse given that they had frequent (≥50) or complex ventricular ectopy in the study population was 0.11 [95% confidence interval = 0.01 to 0.21].Clinical SignificanceThese results challenge the preconception that UK boxer dogs with collapse will have ventricular tachycardia and, consequently, the authors recommend definitive diagnosis of the cause of episodic collapse to guide selection of therapeutic drugs.
Cryptogams signify key transitions of bacteria and fungi in Arctic sand dune succession
Authors: Juottonen Heli , Männistö Minna , Tiirola Marja , Kytöviita Minna‐Maarit 
Published: February 2020

Summary

Primary succession models focus on aboveground vascular plants. However, the prevalence of mosses and lichens, that is cryptogams, suggests they play a role in soil successions. Here, we explore whether effects of cryptogams on belowground microbes can facilitate progressive shifts in sand dune succession.

We linked aboveground vegetation, belowground bacterial and fungal communities, and soil chemical properties in six successional stages in Arctic inland sand dunes: bare sand, grass, moss, lichen, ericoid heath and mountain birch forest.

Compared with the bare sand and grass stages, microbial biomass and the proportion of fungi increased in the moss stage, and later stage microbial groups appeared despite the absence of their host plants. Microbial communities of the lichen stage resembled the communities in the vascular plant stages. Bacterial communities correlated better with soil chemical variables than with vegetation and vice versa for fungal communities. The correlation of fungi with vegetation increased with vascular vegetation.

Distinct bacterial and fungal patterns of biomass, richness and plant–microbe interactions showed that the aboveground vegetation change structured the bacterial and fungal community differently. The asynchrony of aboveground vs belowground changes suggests that cryptogams can drive succession towards vascular plant dominance through microbially mediated facilitation in eroded Arctic soil.
Cones in ageing and harsh environments: the neural economy hypothesis
Authors: Elsner Ann E , Papay Joel A , Johnston Kirby D , Sawides Lucie , de Castro Alberto , King Brett J , Jones Durand W , Clark Christopher A , Gast Thomas J , Burns Stephen A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeCones are at great risk in a wide variety of retinal diseases, especially when there is a harsh microenvironment and retinal pigment epithelium is damaged. We provide established and new methods for assessing cones and retinal pigment epithelium, together with new results. We investigated conditions under which cones can be imaged and could guide light, despite the proximity of less than ideal retinal pigment epithelium.Recent findingsWe used a variety of imaging methods to detect and localise damage to the retinal pigment epithelium. As age‐related macular degeneration is a particularly widespread disease, we imaged clinical hallmarks: drusen and hyperpigmentation. Using near infrared light provided improved imaging of the deeper fundus layers. We compared confocal and multiply scattered light images, using both the variation of detection apertures and polarisation analysis. We used optical coherence tomography to examine distances between structures and thickness of retinal layers, as well as identifying damage to the retinal pigment epithelium. We counted cones using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. We compared the results of five subjects with geographic atrophy to data from a previous normative ageing study.Using near infrared imaging and layer analysis of optical coherence tomography, the widespread aspect of drusen became evident. Both multiply scattered light imaging and analysis of the volume in the retinal pigment epithelial layer from the optical coherence tomography were effective in localising drusen and hyperpigmentation beneath the photoreceptors. Cone photoreceptors in normal older eyes were shorter than in younger eyes. Cone photoreceptors survived in regions of atrophy, but with greatly reduced and highly variable density. Regular arrays of cones were found in some locations, despite abnormal retinal pigment epithelium. For some subjects, the cone density was significantly greater than normative values in some retinal locations outside the atrophy.SummaryThe survival of cones within atrophy is remarkable. The unusually dense packing of cones at some retinal locations outside the atrophy indicates more fluidity in cone distribution than typically thought. Together these findings suggest strategies for therapy that includes preserving cones.
Early‐life origin and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
Authors: Moschino Laura , Carraro Silvia , Baraldi Eugenio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChronic obstructive respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have their roots in the womb. Together with a genetic predisposition, prenatal and early‐life factors, including maternal smoking, prematurity, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), have a pivotal role in later respiratory health. Then, inappropriate responses to respiratory viruses (especially respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus) and early allergic sensitization are the strongest contributors to the inception of wheezing and early‐onset asthma. There is an urgent need for early disease biomarkers to identify profiles at higher risk of chronic respiratory conditions. Applying the “‐omic” technologies to urine, blood and breath condensate, and non‐invasive inflammometry seem promising in this regard. The description of specific risk profiles may be the key to the use of targeted personalized therapies.
Pediatric angioedema: Essential features and preliminary results from the Hereditary Angioedema Global Registry in Italy
Authors: Cancian Mauro , Perego Francesca , Senter Riccardo , Arcoleo Francesco , De Pasquale Tiziana , Zoli Alessandra , Cicardi Marco , Zanichelli Andrea 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIsolated angioedema, which is a localized, non‐pitting, and transient swelling of the subcutaneous or submucosal tissue not associated with pruritus, urticaria, or anaphylaxis, may be classified, based on genetic pattern and mediators, respectively, as acquired or hereditary and histamine‐ or non‐histamine‐induced. The pediatric population with C1‐INH‐HAE (Hereditary angioedema due to C1‐inhibitor deficiency) is mostly symptomatic. The frequency of symptoms in such a population compared to adults seems to be lower, but we need more prospective data to conclude on this point. The HGR (Hereditary angioedema global registry), which collects symptoms in real time, will probably provide such information. In terms of treatments, pediatric patients are significantly disadvantaged due to the few studies aimed at registering treatment for this population.
Thermoelectric Energy Storage Using Auxiliary Solar Thermal and Geothermal Energy
Authors: Abdel Hakim B. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Multi-megawatt thermoelectric energy storage (TEES) based on thermodynamic cycles is a promising alternative to pumped-storage hydroelectricity (PSH) and compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems. The size and cost of energy storage are the main advantages of this technology as it generally uses inexpensive energy storage materials and does not require high-pressure tanks or rare geographic terrain, but the round trip electric efficiency of this technology remains low compared to its competitors. In this context, the objective of this article is to study and simulate a TEES system. A TEES system converts electrical energy to thermal energy by means of an electric heater uses joule heating effect, the system storage this thermal energy in solar salt. Stored thermal energy is converted into electrical energy by a thermal engine uses the organic Rankine cycle (ORC). An auxiliary energy source is integrated with the organic Rankine cycle to improve the round trip electric efficiency of the system. Auxiliary energy source can be solar thermal and geothermal at an average temperature between 100 and 140 °C, which is used to evaporate the working fluid to saturation. The steam is then superheated by stored thermal energy. The superheated steam expands in a turbine producing a good amount of energy compared to the saturated steam expansion. Methanol (CH3OH) has been used as a working fluid because its boiling point is less than 100 °C at the atmospheric pressure.
Exploration of recovery of people living with severe mental illness (SMI) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC): a scoping review protocol
Authors: Gamieldien Fadia , Galvaan Roshan , Myers Bronwyn , Sorsdahl Katherine 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionThe construct of recovery was conceptualised in high-income countries and its applicability in low-income and middle- income countries is underexplored. A scoping review is proposed to synthesise knowledge, review conceptual overlap and map key elements of recovery from severe mental illness in low-income and middle-income countries. We aim to appraise the literature so as to inform future recovery-oriented services that consider the cultural and contextual influences on recovery from severe mental illness.Methods and analysisThe following electronic databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, SCOPUS (which included contents of Embase), PsycINFO, CINAHL, Africa-Wide Information, PsycARTICLES, Health source: Nursing/Academic Edition, Academic Search Premier and SocINDEX all via the EBSCOHOST platform, the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, the Cochrane Centre Register of Controlled Trials) and grey literature sources will be searched between May and December 2019. Eligible studies will be independently screened for inclusion and exclusion by two reviewers using a checklist developed for this purpose. Studies published between January 1993 and November 2019 that focus on recovery from severe mental illness in a low-income and middle-income country will be included. Findings will be compared and discrepancies will be discussed. Unresolved discrepancies will be referred to a third reviewer. All bibliographic data and study characteristics will be extracted and thematically analysed using a tool developed through an iterative process by the research team. Indicators will be classified according to a predefined conceptual framework and categorised and described using qualitative content analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe review aims to synthesise information from available publications, hence it does not require ethical approval. The results will be disseminated through publications, conference presentations and future workshops with stakeholders involved within the recovery paradigm of mental health policy and practice. The scoping review title is registered with the Joanna Briggs Institute.