bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Psychological Stress with Physical Fitness in a Military Cohort: The CHIEF Study
Authors: Lin Ko-Huan , Chen Yu-Jung , Yang Szu-Nian , Liu Ming-Wei , Kao Chung-Cheng , Nagamine Masanori , Vermetten Eric , Lin Gen-Min 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Psychological stress is associated with sedentary behavior, which may impair exercise performance. The aim of our study was to examine the association between psychological stress and physical fitness in military personnel.

Method
A military cohort of 4080 subjects in Taiwan was used for the analysis. The Brief Symptoms Rating Scale (BSRS-5) includes items of anxiety, depression, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, and insomnia measured by a five-point Likert-type scale of 0–4. Psychological stress was defined as normal (n = 3657), slight (n = 314), and great (n = 109) by BSRS-5 score ≤5, 6–9, and ≥10, respectively. Aerobic fitness and anaerobic fitness were evaluated by the time of 3000-meter running and the numbers of 2-min sit-ups and 2-min push-ups, respectively. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the relationship.

Results
As compared with normal stress, slight and great stress were positive dose-dependently correlated with 3000-meter running time (β = 9.09 and 14.44; P = 0.0032 and 0.048, respectively) after adjusting for age, sex, service specialty, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, hemoglobin levels, and exercise frequency. Similarly, those with slight stress were more likely to be the worst 10% performers in the 3000-meter run test relative to the normal individuals (odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals: 1.50, 1.00–2.24). By contrast, there was no relationship of psychological stress with the numbers of 2-min sit-ups and 2-min push-ups.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the presence of higher psychological stress on military personnel may reduce their cardiorespiratory fitness but not affect the anaerobic fitness.
Nutritional risk in critically ill patients: how it is assessed, its prevalence and prognostic value: a systematic review
Authors: Cattani Aline , Eckert Igor C , Brito Júlia E , Tartari Rafaela F , Silva Flávia M 
Published: April 2020

AbstractContextNutritional risk (NR) screening is the first step of nutrition care process. Few data are available in literature about its prevalence, nor, to our knowledge, is a universally accepted reference method for the intensive care unit (ICU).ObjectiveThe aim for this systematic review was to summarize evidence regarding the prevalence of NR and the predictive validity of different tools applied for NR screening of critically ill patients.Data SourcesThe PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched up to December 2019 using the subject headings related to critically ill patients and NR screening. The current systematic review is registered with PROSPERO (identifier: CRD42019129668).Data ExtractionData on NR prevalence, predictive validity of nutritional screening tools, and interaction between caloric-protein balance and NR in outcome prediction were collected.Data AnalysisResults were summarized qualitatively in text and tables, considering the outcomes of interest.ResultsFrom 15 669 articles initially identified, 36 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, providing data from 8 nutritional screening tools: modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill (mNUTRIC; n = 26 studies) and Nutritional Risk Screening–2002 (NRS-2002; n = 7 studies) were the most frequent; the NR prevalence was 55.9% (range, 16.0% to 99.5%). Nutritional risk was a predictor of 28-day and ICU mortality in 8 studies. Interactions between caloric-protein balance and NR on outcome prediction presented were scarcely tested and presented heterogeneous results (n = 8).ConclusionsPrevalence of NR in patients in the ICU varies widely; a satisfactory predictive validity was observed, especially when mNUTRIC or NRS-2002 were applied.
The Apocryphal Acts of Thomas and Empire
Authors: Joseph Clara A. B. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter argues that studies on the Apocryphal Acts of Thomas tend toward Eurocentrism in ignoring the anti-imperial discourse that underlies heresy and fiction. Some of the main questions discussed are why prioritizing the Roman Empire when examining the early Christian period is problematic, how empire studies modify heresiology, and why the relationship between the Apocryphal text and the community of Thomas Christians of India deserves to be reexamined against the biases of modern-day research, especially when such research is overdetermined by imperial discourse. The chapter contributes to the study of literature and religion and Eastern Christianity in the post-colonial era.
Global Justice and the Role of the State
Authors: Ronzoni Miriam , Valentini Laura 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The chapter critically analyzes the role played by the state in the global justice debate. It surveys the different ways in which statists and cosmopolitans invoke the state either to justify the scope and content of their preferred principles of justice or to explain how such principles might be realized. The chapter also distinguishes between two conceptualizations of the state: as a system of institutions and as an agent in its own right. On the basis of this analysis, the authors conclude that both at the level of justification and at that of realization, the most plausible positions with respect to global justice lie somewhere in between full-blown cosmopolitanism and full-blown statism. While principles of egalitarian justice are not confined to the state, they do not extend in identical form to the global realm. Similarly, while the state—as we know it—is insufficient to realize plausible principles of justice (be they statist or cosmopolitan), what realizing justice requires falls short of the creation of a comprehensive global sovereign.
Global Gender Justice
Authors: Jaggar Alison M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter surveys the rapidly expanding philosophical work on global gender justice. The chapter clarifies some central themes, beginning by identifying several structural features of the current global order which are facially gender-neutral but are profoundly reshaping global gender relations and divisions of labor. The feminization of the global labor force raises questions about the justice of migration for gendered employment such as sex and domestic work as well as the international trade in procreative services. The chapter also touches briefly on some gendered implications of environmental degradation. It raises epistemological questions about identifying, measuring, and explaining gender injustice and discusses how political responsibility for addressing injustices should be assigned. Overall, the chapter shows that gender concerns are integral to most aspects of global justice and that reflection on these sheds new light on some central issues of global justice.
International Law
Authors: Ratner Steven R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
International law is central to both the discourse and practice of global justice. It offers a critical institutional site for transforming theories about global justice into binding rules with institutional enforcement; many of its rules have strong claims to morality; and it can offer insights into the nature of just arrangements at the international level. This chapter first introduces the key participants and fundamental norms of international law that respond to the various claims of those participants. Second, it elaborates on the range of engagement by international legal scholarship with questions of global justice. Legal scholars have incorporated concepts of justice in their work even as their overall pragmatic orientation has limited the nature of their inquiries. Third, the chapter synthesizes the different encounters of political and moral philosophical work on global justice with international law. While some philosophers have directly inquired into the morality of legal rules and others have relied on those rules as part of broader moral arguments, others exhibit skepticism about and distance from international law. Some of that distance stems from different missions of philosophy as compared to law, but some is based on an unjustified suspicion of legal rules. It concludes with some suggestions for future collaboration between philosophical and legal approaches to global justice.
The Right to Resist Global Injustice
Authors: Caney Simon 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter tries to motivate support for what it terms the Right of Resistance against Global Injustice, where this should be understood as a right to bring about greater global justice. More specifically it defends two conceptions of this core idea. Roughly stated, the first maintains that persons have the right to take direct action that will immediately and directly secure their rights or the rights of others (what is referred to as the Right of Resistance against Global Injusticei (RRGIi)). The second holds that persons have the right to engage in action that transforms the underlying social, economic, and political structures that perpetuate injustice in order to bring about greater justice in the future (what is referred to as the Right of Resistance against Global Injusticeii (RRGIii)). These formulations are approximate and need to be explicated more fully, but they express the key ideas. The chapter seeks to specify these more fully, and to address various questions about the meaning, content, grounding, and limits of these rights.
Global Justice and Global Citizenship
Authors: Cabrera Luis 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
While the concept of global citizenship has a pedigree dating back more than 2000 years, as well as many current advocates and interpreters, scholarly critics tend to dismiss it as simply incoherent. How, they ask, can it be possible to practice global citizenship in the absence of some global state? This chapter argues that, although the full formal trappings of citizenship are not likely to emerge anytime soon at the global level, individuals can make important contributions toward realizing its substance there. In assuming duties to promote comprehensive rights protections for others who do not share their state citizenship, and promoting the sort of supra-state institutional transformation that could more reliably secure such protections, they can enact some key aspects of global citizenship. Further, such an institutionally developmental approach to global citizenship is shown to be less distinct than claimed from domestic conceptions, which define citizenship partly in terms of ideals and practices that are acknowledged to need further development.
Transforming Global Justice Theorizing
Authors: Watene Krushil 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Indigenous philosophies are essential to indigenous peoples’ self-determination, and essential to the pursuit and realization of justice for indigenous peoples globally. Given this contention, the absence of indigenous philosophies in mainstream global justice theorizing is problematic for the continued relevance of global justice theorizing today. The aim of this chapter is to think seriously about how to remedy this problem, and to begin to provide some of the solutions for moving forward, focusing particularly on Māori philosophies and Kaupapa Māori theory. More specifically, following a discussion of the importance of indigenous philosophies for global justice, we explore (1) why even the strongest (in intercultural terms) mainstream approach to justice—the capability approach—has so far fallen short, and (2) why indigenous methodologies remain vital to the appropriate articulation and inclusion of indigenous philosophies in justice theorizing. In so doing, the chapter highlights some of the opportunities within, and challenges to, mainstream justice theorizing—and philosophy more generally—for remedying this shortfall.
PRMdb: A Repository of Predicted RNA Modifications in Plants
Authors: Ma Xuan , Si Fuyan , Liu Xiaonan , Luan Weijiang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Evidence is mounting that RNA modifications play essential roles in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. So far, over 150 RNA modifications catalyzed by distinct enzymes have been documented. In plants, genome-wide identification of RNA modifications is largely limited to the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, while lacking in diverse non-model plants. Here, we present PRMdb, a plant RNA modification database, based on the analysis of thousands of RNA-seq, degradome-seq and small RNA-seq data from a wide range of plant species using the well-documented tool HAMR (high-throughput analysis of modified ribonucleotide). PRMdb provides a user-friendly interface that enables easy browsing and searching of the tRNA and mRNA modification data. We show that PRMdb collects high-confidence RNA modifications including novel RNA modification sites that can be validated by genomic PCR and reverse transcription PCR. In summary, PRMdb provides a valuable web resource for deciphering the epitranscriptomes in diverse plant species and will facilitate functional studies of RNA modifications in plants. RPMdb is available via http://www.biosequencing.cn/PRMdb/.
Functional Identities and Zero Lie Product Determined Banach Algebras
Authors: Brešar Matej 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Three problems connecting functional identities to the recently introduced notion of a zero Lie product determined Banach algebra are discussed. The first one concerns commuting linear maps, the second one concerns derivations that preserve commutativity and the third one concerns bijective commutativity preserving linear maps.
Impact of ICD10 and secular changes on electronic medical record rheumatoid arthritis algorithms
Authors: Huang Sicong , Huang Jie , Cai Tianrun , Dahal Kumar P , Cagan Andrew , He Zeling , Stratton Jacklyn , Gorelik Isaac , Hong Chuan , Cai Tianxi , Liao Katherine P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to compare the performance of an RA algorithm developed and trained in 2010 utilizing natural language processing and machine learning, using updated data containing ICD10, new RA treatments, and a new electronic medical records (EMR) system.

Methods
We extracted data from subjects with ≥1 RA International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes from the EMR of two large academic centres to create a data mart. Gold standard RA cases were identified from reviewing a random 200 subjects from the data mart, and a random 100 subjects who only have RA ICD10 codes. We compared the performance of the following algorithms using the original 2010 data with updated data: (i) a published 2010 RA algorithm; (ii) updated algorithm, incorporating ICD10 RA codes and new DMARDs; and (iii) published algorithm using ICD codes only, ICD RA code ≥3.

Results
The gold standard RA cases had mean age 65.5 years, 78.7% female, 74.1% RF or antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) positive. The positive predictive value (PPV) for ≥3 RA ICD was 54%, compared with 56% in 2010. At a specificity of 95%, the PPV of the 2010 algorithm and the updated version were both 91%, compared with 94% (95% CI: 91, 96%) in 2010. In subjects with ICD10 data only, the PPV for the updated 2010 RA algorithm was 93%.

Conclusion
The 2010 RA algorithm validated with the updated data with similar performance characteristics as the 2010 data. While the 2010 algorithm continued to perform better than the rule-based approach, the PPV of the latter also remained stable over time.
Thinking Imperially: The British Fascisti and the Politics of Empire, 1923–35
Authors: Liburd Liam J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article sets out to examine what fascism actually meant to its earliest British adherents focusing on Britain’s first self-proclaimed fascist group, the British Fascisti (BF). Drawing on material from the BF’s newspapers, the popular press, and archival sources, it argues that its members conceived of British fascism as an imperial solution to a crisis imagined in imperial terms. They envisioned British fascism in practice as the metropolitan extension of repressive imperial violence—that is, the ability to take whatever steps deemed necessary to safeguard the law, order, and the status quo, whether on the streets of Britain or those of the Punjab. In this sense, the article maintains, the BF formed part of a broader British political tradition, one that saw the ‘ethos’ of Empire as a means of averting Britain’s decline. It begins by introducing the BF and their ideology, moving to a discussion of how the Jewish-Bolshevik plot against the British Empire imagined by BF members reflected the colonial experiences of their leading personnel. It then interrogates the BF’s proposed antidote to this anti-imperial conspiracy. By emulating the qualities and behaviour of Britain’s imperial heroes and living an ‘imperial’ way of life, they hoped to restore Britain to greatness. It concludes with a call for further research into the overlapping histories of British fascism and the British Empire.
Do Election Laws Restricting Public Road Publicity Reduce Road Traffic Crashes and Their Consequences?
Authors: Nazif-Munoz Jose Ignacio , Cuadrado Cristóbal , Oulhote Youssef , Spengler John 
Published: April 2020

Background:
In April 2016, Chile enacted the Law 20,900, which restricted electoral publicity on public roads. It established two important regulations: first, candidates were allowed, 30 days before any election, to publicize their campaigns in specific street locations. Second, roadside publicity must follow strict size standards to avoid visual contamination. This article examines the impact of this regulation in reducing road traffic crashes.

Methods:
We obtained a number of traffic injuries and fatalities per population from public records. A time-series difference-in-difference study, using generalized linear models with an interaction between time-period and intervention, compared a municipal election period before the introduction of Law 20,900 (2012) to the first municipal election affected by the law (2016). We adjusted for precipitation and temperature, and applied models to three cities: Santiago, Gran-Valparaíso, and Concepción. We assessed the overall impact of the intervention using random effects meta-analyses.

Results:
The law was associated with a decrease of 0.01 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.02, −0.00) in Santiago, a decrease of 0.01 (95% CI: −0.03, −0.00) in Valparaíso and an increase of 0.09 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.13) in Concepción, in all daily injuries and fatalities per 100,000 population. After 40 days of its implementation, the intervention was associated with a mild absolute reduction of 34 (95% reduction interval: −270, 67) traffic injuries and fatalities.

Conclusions:
This study estimates that the regulation of public road publicity had an overall mild effect on reducing traffic injuries and fatalities in three large cities in Chile.
BILATERAL SEROUS RETINAL DETACHMENT AND UVEITIS ASSOCIATED WITH PEMBROLIZUMAB TREATMENT IN METASTATIC MELANOMA
Authors: de Vries Ewout W. , Schauwvlieghe Ann-Sofie , Haanen John B. , de Hoog Joeri 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
To describe the pathological features, treatment, and resolution of pembrolizumab-associated retinal detachment.

Methods:
A case report with a brief review of the literature and details of patient presentation, physical examination, systemic workup, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine angiography.

Results:
A 25-year-old white woman was diagnosed with unresectable metastatic melanoma of the skin with a BRAF V600E mutation. The patient was treated with pembrolizumab injections every 3 weeks, upon which quick remission was seen of the metastases. After five injections, visual acuity of the patient deteriorated to 20/32 in the right eye. Ocular examination revealed bilateral panuveitis, papillitis, and serous retinal detachments. Treatment consisted of an oral prednisone taper schedule, topical prednisolone drops, and cessation of the pembrolizumab therapy, after which complete resolution of the subretinal fluid was seen.

Conclusion:
Pembrolizumab therapy may cause the development of panuveitis, papillitis, and serous retinal detachment, symptoms which are able to be controlled with lengthy steroid therapy.
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Kocuria Keratitis and Comparison With Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Keratitis
Authors: Kate Anahita , Bagga Bhupesh , Joseph Joveeta , Mohamed Ashik 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
To describe the clinical features and outcomes of Kocuria keratitis and to compare the same with those of Coagulase-negative Staphylococcal (CoNS) keratitis.

Methods:
Medical records of cases with microbiologically proven Kocuria keratitis, seen from January 2011 to December 2017 were reviewed. The data related to predisposing factors, clinical characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility, and the treatment and their outcomes were collected. These parameters were also compared with those of consecutive patients with CoNS keratitis.

Results:
Medical records of 23 patients (n = 23 eyes) with Kocuria keratitis were reviewed, and after exclusion of 6 mixed infections, 17 cases with only Kocuria infection were analysed. The median visual acuity at presentation was finger counting 0.5 m [LogMAR 2.00 (1.70–2.70)]. The ulcer was characterized by a central infiltrate (88.2%) involving the anterior stroma (58.8%) with an associated hypopyon (29.4%). Kocuria rosea was the most common species (47.8%). Ninety percent of the isolates identified were susceptible to vancomycin and ofloxacin. In 12 cases (70.6%), the ulcer resolved with the use of topical antibiotics alone in 52 (29–79) days, whereas 3 eyes were subjected to therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty. On comparing the 44 cases of CoNS keratitis, the demographics and the visual acuity at presentation were comparable. Both groups had a similar in presentation response with medical therapy (P, 0.48) and those requiring surgical intervention (P, 0.76).

Conclusion:

Kocuria is a rare but potential cause of keratitis manifesting in the presence of a compromised ocular surface. Similar to CoNS, it has good clinical response with medical management.
Bilateral Chondroid Metaplasia of Conjunctiva Associated With Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
Authors: Mancera Norberto , Whitfield Whitney , Margo Curtis E. , Bajric Jasmina 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
To describe a case of a patient with bilateral proliferation of chondrocytes of the lower palpebral conjunctiva.

Methods:
Observational case report and review of relevant literature.

Results:
Conjunctival biopsy from an 83-year-old man with bilateral acquired lower conjunctival nodules revealed a benign proliferation of chondrocytes. A general medical evaluation revealed serum monoclonal gammopathy with light-chain proteinuria.

Conclusions:
Bilateral-acquired benign chondrocyte tumefactions of the palpebral conjunctiva have not been previously reported. This initiated a search for a biologically plausible explanation. The findings in this report support that these proliferations represent chondroid metaplasia related to light-chain deposition. The diagnosis requires exclusion of other forms of chondrocyte proliferation including well-differentiated chondrosarcoma.