bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXIII-40 Superovulation and oocyte recovery rates in CIDR synchronized goats treated with PGF2α, FSH and GnRH during breeding season
Authors: Singh Mahipal , Park Ki-Eun , Tyler William , McCommon George , Bhanu Telugu , Knight Miranda , Gilespie Ann , Ma Xiaoling , Powel Ann , Donovan David , Ramsay Timothy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Embryo transfer is an advanced technology and has great potential in increasing desired livestock without physical boundaries. Multiple embryos can be produced in-vitro or in-vivo using semen from desired males. Early stage embryos (zygotes) are also ideal tools for genome-editing to alter the desired traits. However, the small number of mature oocytes produced each cycle is a major limitation of this technology. Scientists have used drugs to stimulate follicles to increase the number of oocytes/embryos. Extra oocytes/embryos produced can be cryopreserved or shipped to distant locations, to disseminate genetics around the world, at a fraction of cost. Embryos produced from superovulated animals can be transferred in recipient does, to produce desired number of animals. The goal of this study was to estimate the rate of ovulation and oocyte recovery after drug induced superovulation in goats. Eight cycling does were synchronized for estrus, using intravaginal CIDR dispensers, for 11 days during natural breeding season. Each doe was superovulated with a total of 200 mg of pFSH administered intramuscularly in 6 dosages (50 mg, 30 mg, and 20 mg given twice a day at 12 h interval) starting 48 h prior to CIDR removal. Each doe also received 8 mg of PGF2α, 24 h prior to CIDR removal, and 86 µg of GnRH 24 h after CIDR removal. The superovulatory response was evaluated by counting corpus luteum (CL) on each ovary after 48 h of GnRH injection. The ovulated oocytes were recovered surgically from oviducts by flushing with TL Hepes medium. Mean and standard deviation of CL calculated was 10.86±6.34 and 11.67±6.15 CL per doe (n = 8) in left and right ovaries, respectively. Similarly, mean and SD of mature oocytes recovered was 7.67±6.50 and 9.67±5.10 for left and right oviducts, respectively. Average percent recovery of oocytes was 71.23 % / doe.
PSXIII-42 Plasma levels of growth hormone in laying hens in relation to developmental and hormonal factors
Authors: Smekalova Araksiya A , Lebedeva Irina , Parvizi Nahid , Grossmann Roland 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is an important positive regulator of ovarian function in vertebrates, including birds, but it can accelerate aging processes. In the present study, GH levels in the blood of laying hens were investigated due to age, reproductive status and ovulatory cycle-related hormones. To this end, the following groups of hens were used: (1) young hens with long clutch (YLC, 29–31 week-old, &gt;10 eggs per clutch), (2) YLC hens treated with LH (YLC-LH), (3) old hens with long clutch (OLC, 62–64 week-old), (4) old hens with short clutch (OSC, 3–6 eggs per clutch). The hens were sacrificed at 1.5 or 14.5 h after assumed ovulation as well as 3.5 h after the LH injection (n = 5–6 per each group). Plasma concentrations of GH were determined by RIA and those of ovarian steroid hormones were measured by ELISA. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. In all compared groups, levels of GH were similar at the beginning and the middle of the ovulatory cycle. The average concentration of GH in OSC hens was higher than in OLC hens (1.28±0.38 vs 0.39±0.09 ng/ml, P &lt; 0.05) but did not differ from that in YLC hens (0.76±0.22 ng/ml). Furthermore, in OSC hens, a positive correlation (r=0.84, P &lt; 0.05) was revealed between GH levels and testosterone levels in the middle of the ovulatory cycle. Injections of LH raised ovarian steroid concentrations (P &lt; 0.001) and did not affect GH concentrations in the plasma of YLC hens. Meanwhile, GH levels correlated with estradiol-17β levels in the YLC-LH group (r=0.81, P &lt; 0.05). The findings suggest that elevated plasma levels of GH are associated with a reproductive impairment in old hens. Besides, a relationship between GH and ovarian steroids depends on the hen age, reproductive status, ovulatory cycle stage, and LH impact. The study was supported partly by RFBR (19-016-00216).
PSXIII-41 Fibroblast growth factor 21 promotes lipid oxidation and transportation while inhibits lipogenesis via AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in bovine hepatocytes
Authors: Wang Jianguo , Zhu Xiaoyan , Zhao Baoyu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays essential roles in the regulation of whole body energy metabolism. However, it is not entirely clear for dairy cows whether FGF21 activates AMPK signaling pathway and what will be affected for lipid metabolism in bovine hepatocytes. Methods: Bovine hepatocytes were isolated from caudate lobes by using three-step of perfusion and collagenase digestion method. The accumulation of TG and the secretion of VLDL were examined in hepatocytes and supernatant, respectively. The expressions of the metabolic key factors were detected by Real-time PCR and Western Blot.Results: The 4th hour is the optimal time that FGF21 activates AMPK. FGF21 has significant dose-dependent inhibition of TG in bovine hepatocytes; and high concentration (1800 pg/mL) significantly promoted VLDL secretion at 4 h. The protein expression of APOB 100, APOE and MTTP, which are components of VLDL, were stimulated by FGF21, and all the mRNA expression reached the peak point (P &lt; 0.01) at medium concentration (900 pg/mL). Interestingly, the proteins associated with lipid transportation were promoted too, such as LDLR, CD36, L-FABP. To some extent, meanwhile, it could be observed that some genes regulating lipid oxidation were strengthened following FGF21 treatment. In detail, ACOX1 and SIRT1 were very sensitive to the concentration of FGF21, showing remarkable difference at low concentration (P &lt; 0.01); PGC-α, PPAR-α and CPT-1 showed significant changes at 900 pg/mL (P &lt; 0.01); CPT-2 required a higher concentration to achieve significant enhancement. However, the results had a negative impact on lipogenesis. SREBP1c, ACC, FASN and ACLY were inhibited after treatment with low or medium doses of FGF21 (P &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: FGF21 can promote lipid oxidation and transport, while inhibit lipid synthesis via activating AMPK signalling pathway in primary hepatocytes of dairy cows, thereby participation in the adaptive regulation of energy metabolism.
PSXIII-25 Comparative analysis of state of the neurosecretary system of pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha walb. on different stages of ontogenesis
Authors: Tashbaev Daniil , Mosyagina Marina , Lukina Julia , Pechenkina Alla , Anipchenko Polina , Garlov Pavel , Zelennikov Oleg 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The preoptic-pituitary neurosecretory system (PPNS) plays a key role in the regulation of reproduction, spawning, osmoregulation and fish growth. This study aimed to find out the development features of the PPNS in pink salmon in connection with gonadal sex differentiation and spawning. A comparative morphometric analysis of all parts of the system was carried out in juveniles aged 3–4 months and adults during the spawning season. The ratios of the areas were calculated for the PPNS different segments on the sagittal sections: the cellular parts of the preoptic nucleus, the cyto- and karyometric characteristics of neurosecretory cells. The complex morphometry of neurosecretory, glial and vascular elements in the neurohypophysis was carried out. It was found that during seaward run and the completion of sex differentiation, the main sections of the PPNS were already fully formed and the ratio of all parts of the preoptic nucleus in juveniles and adults was not significantly different (р&lt; 0,05). In juveniles, compared with adults, the relative area of the neurohypophysis was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05), and level of relative development of the capillary network, the length of neurohemmal contacts and organ hyperemia were comparable. It was shown a high level of formation and functioning of PPNS in juveniles, as well as its important role during seaward run and early gonadogenesis.
PSXIII-2 Cryopreservation effect on biological parameters of poultry semen
Authors: Zhilinsky Mikhail A , Tomgorova Evgeniya K , Iolchiev Baylar S , Vetokh Anastasia N , Ashraf Hanum V , Volkova Natalia A , Zinovieva Natalia A , Bagirov Vugar A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation is one of the most important elements for the creation of genetic material cryobanks in order to preserve the gene pool of poultry. Cryopreservation methods and parameters directly affect the viability of germ cells after thawing. The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on biological usefulness of bird sperm was studied. Semen was frozen in paillettes. Thawing sperm was carried out at a temperature of 38 °С. Sperm activity was assessed using CASA technology “ARGUSSOFT”. Sperm motility after cryopreservation decreased in roosters, quails and guinea fowls by 62 ± 3 %, 66 ± 1 % and 60 ± 1 %, respectively. The proportion of live sperm also decreased: in roosters - from 89 ± 4 % to 48 ± 2 %, in quails - from 93 ± 3 % to 49 ± 3 %, in the guinea fowls - from 92 ± 2 % to 45 ± 4 %. As a result of freezing and thawing, the proportion of spermatozoa with abnormal morphology increased. A change in the frequency of anomalies occurrence in individual segments was observed. The number of spermatozoa with flagella pathology was increased. The proportion of sperm with pathology of the head, middle section and flagellum increased by 0.4 %, 0.4 % and 1.3 % (P ≤ 0.001) respectively, in the frozen-thawed samples of roosters, compared with the indicators established for a freshly obtained ejaculate. A similar trend was observed in other poultry types. Thus, the freeze-thaw cycle had a negative effect on the activity and viability of poultry spermatozoa. Supported by RSF No 16-16-04104.
PSXIII-11 Altering length of the presynchronization period in a long-term progestin-based estrus synchronization protocol for timed artificial insemination of beef heifers
Authors: Knickmeyer Emma R , Thomas Jordan M , Locke James William C , Bonacker Rachael C , Ciernia Lauren , Ketchum Jaclyn N , Ellersieck Mark R , Poock Scott E , Smith Michael F , Patterson David J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of extending the presynchronization period in a progestin-based estrus synchronization protocol. Heifers were assigned to an 18 d or 14 d CIDR® treatment (1.38 g progesterone), with prostaglandin F2α (PG; 250 mg im) administered 16 d after CIDR® removal (Day 34). Heifers at two locations (location one, n = 193; location two, n = 649) were assigned to treatment based on reproductive tract score (RTS; Scale 1–5) and weight. Estrus detection aids (Estrotect®) were applied at PG and split-time artificial insemination (STAI) was performed based on estrus expression at 66 h. Heifers that expressed estrus at 66 h were inseminated and heifers that did not express estrus were inseminated at 90 h. Only heifers that failed to express estrus by 90 h received gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 100 µg im) at AI. At location one, blood samples were collected at PG and AI (66 h or 90 h) from all heifers to determine E2 concentrations, and transrectal ovarian ultrasound was performed to detail ovarian structures on a subset of heifers (n = 73) at both time points. The proportion of heifers expressing estrus by 66 h (60%) or in total by 90 h (84%) after PG did not differ between treatments. Pregnancy rate to STAI did not differ between treatments (P = 0.3; 52%, 14 d CIDR®-PG; 50%, 18 d CIDR®-PG), or at the end of the 60 d breeding season (P = 0.2). There were no differences between treatments in mean diameter of the dominant follicle at PG (P = 0.6) or STAI (P = 0.3), nor were any differences observed between treatments in E2 concentrations at PG (P = 0.8) or STAI (P = 0.6). These data suggest that CIDR® treatment can be extended from 14 to 18 d, providing flexibility in scheduling without compromising reproductive outcomes.
PSXIII-39 Onset of ovulation in suckled cows treated with progesterone and estradiol benzoate
Authors: Baez Giovanni M , Rivera Wilfran E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Tropical cow-calf operations using Bos indicus crossbreds are characterized by extended periods of time before the establishment of ovarian cyclicity. The aim was to determine whether the increase of progesterone concentrations during postpartum anestrous using intravaginal devices along with injection of estradiol benzoate would advance the occurrence of first ovulation after calving. 269 suckled crossbred cows kept in different farms at North-Santander (Colombia) were randomized in one of the following treatments: 1:Control (n = 88) no further treatment; 2:P4 (n = 91) cows received an intravaginal device containing 0.588 g of progesterone during 7 days at day 50±3 after calving; 3:P4+E2 (n = 90) as treatment 2 plus an additional injection of 2.0 mg of estradiol benzoate at the time of device insertion. Ovarian ultrasound was performed weekly starting on the day of treatments until ovulation (disappearance of a dominant follicle with later appearance of a corpus luteum within two consecutive examinations). Calving-Ovulation Interval was recorded and means between groups were analyzed using ANOVA (α=0.05). For the control group, COI tended (P = 0.08) to be longer for primiparous cows (149.6±4.5 days, n = 14) compared to multiparous cows (140.4±2.1d, n = 74). Treatment with P4 reduced the COI for both primiparous (105.3±5.4d, n = 15; P &lt; 0.0001) and multiparous (96.4±3.0d, n = 76; P &lt; 0.0001) compared to the controls (P = 0.21 between groups of age). When primiparous cows were treated with P4+E2 the COI decreased compared to both P4 and control treatments (82.3±2.8d, n = 17; P &lt; 0.0001). However, in multiparous cows there was no effect of P4+E2 compared to P4 treatment (94.6±2.6d, n = 73; P = 0.65), then COI was shorter for primiparous compared to multiparous cows (P = 0.03) with P4+E2 treatment. The use of an intravaginal device containing progesterone advances the time of first ovulation after calving in suckled cows. Additional use of estradiol benzoate reduces the time for first ovulation in primiparous but not multiparous cows.
PSXIV-1 Effects of passage rate on forage intake and digestion in beef cattle
Authors: Jennings Thomas G , Green-Miller Angela 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective was to evaluate treatments designed to increase passage rate on forage intake and digestion. Eight ruminally-cannulated steers were assigned to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. All steers were fed an ad libitum diet of prairie grass hay (10.4% CP) with the following treatments designed to increase passage rate: no treatment (control; CON), pelleted (PEL), 7% Ca(OH)2 treated (CAOH), and six 2 kg weights inserted into the rumen (WTS). Molasses (3% of diet DM) was added to all treatments. Feed, orts, and total feces was collected on d 12–17 to determine total tract digestibility. On d 17–20, ruminal pH was recorded every 8 hr. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 with treatment and period as fixed effects and steer as a random effect. A treatment effect (P &lt; 0.01) was observed for ruminal pH; steers fed CAOH had the highest pH (6.97) with WTS and CON intermediate and PEL being the lowest (6.34). Organic matter intake (OMI) was affected (P &lt; 0.01) by treatment with PEL steers consuming the most (7.86 kg). While steers consuming CON had greater OMI than CAOH (P = 0.04), WTS was not different from CON (P = 0.50). Organic matter digestibility (OMD) was also affected (P &lt; 0.01) by treatment as WTS and CON were the greatest (62.8% and 61.7%, respectively) and CAOH (58.7%) tended (P = 0.08) to be greater than PEL (55.9%). Total digestible organic matter intake (TDOMI) was affected (P &lt; 0.01) by treatment; PEL had the greatest TDOMI with CON being intermediate, and CAOH and WTS being the least. Treatments designed to increase passage rate did affect forage intake and digestion with the greatest effect resulting from pelleting grass hay due to the severe reduction in particle size.
PSXI-38 Effect of Nutrisound Dry Concentrate on performance of sows and weaned pigs on a commercial farm in thailand
Authors: Kongpanna Panumas , Jamikorn Uttra , Doerr John A , Nilubol Dachrit 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Nutrisound Dry Concentrate (NDC), a mycotoxin control product based on a specialized cell-wall deficient bacterium, was recently introduced in Thailand, a region typically experiencing multiple mycotoxins in production animal agriculture. Field evaluations of this product were conducted on a commercial swine farm. In experiment 1, approximately 1000 weaned pigs (large White x Landrace x Duroc, 28 days of age) were randomly allocated to two groups, control (CON) and treatment (NDC). Each group was housed in 14 pens of 35–36 piglets/pen. A common basal diet (rice/soy) was prepared that included an anti-mycotoxin product. This was the CON feed; and that same diet, to which NDC was added (1.2 kg/tonne), was the treatment ration. In the 42 day trial, NDC improved body weight, gain, and feed intake (P &lt; 0.05) and reduced mortality by half (P &lt; 0.05). Fecal coliforms and E. coli were reduced significantly (P &lt; 0.01). A second study was conducted with 50 sows per group, each group fed diets identical to those of the piglet experiment. The experimental diets were fed for the last 5 weeks of gestation (typically, NDC is fed for at least 9 weeks of gestation). While not significant, there was a trend in the NDC sows for improved farrowing rate and piglet birth weight (P &lt; 0.10) Thus, NDC yielded performance improvements in both young pigs and gestating sows. However, repeated tests for 16 mycotoxins/metabolites revealed no major dietary mycotoxins. NDC/s active principle is a cell-wall deficient bacterium. These are highly interactive with mucosal immune functions. Additionally, NDC has a low inclusion level (106 cfu/gm) of B. subtilis. In the absence of confirmed mycotoxins, immunological support could be the source of improved performance. It is also possible that mycotoxins not routinely assayed were present. In that case, NDC provided the expected broad spectrum protection against undetected mycotoxins.
PSXI-22 Intensification of cow-calf production: How does the system respond biologically to energy inputs in a long-term horizon?
Authors: Barcellos Julio O , Gonzales Fredy , Sessim Amir G , Lima Julia A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In southern Brazil, beef cattle production systems generally rely on grazing on natural pastures. However, their forage production, and consequently metabolizable energy (ME) production, is seasonal and influenced by climatic events. Thus, there is a scientific and commercial interest in evaluating and understanding the biological impacts of intensification using pasture irrigation and the effects of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena on the long term on the productivity of cow-calf systems. Therefore, our objective was to develop a simulation model to evaluate the effects of intensification levels, using cultivated pastures and irrigation, on the productivity and on the efficiency metabolizable energy utilization of beef cow-calf systems in a 10-year horizon. This period allows capturing the effects of several production cycles as influenced by ENSO events. The model includes three submodels: herd structure, herd ME requirements, and forage ME production. The results of the present study demonstrate that the proposed model is able to evaluate the influence of intensification of grazing systems on metabolizable energy production, carrying capacity, productivity and biological efficiency of beef cow-calf systems over a long-term horizon. Productivity was increased in 66.2% when 20% of the grazing area was intensified and irrigated compared with the modeled non-intensified system, independently of climatic events. The main productive response was the increase in the number of dams in the herd, especially as a result of the use of irrigation. This study proposes different alternatives for increasing the productivity of beef cow-calf systems in southern Brazil.
PSXI-23 Effect of garlic powder on supplement consumption and fly abundance in grazing cattle
Authors: Durunna Obioha N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Effective pest-fly control strategies in grazing cattle will increase performance, reduce fly-borne diseases and the associated antimicrobial use. This 2-year project evaluated the effects of feeding garlic-powder to grazing cattle. Fly abundance (FA), average salt consumption (SC) and average fly avoidance behaviors (FAB, such as tail-flicks, head-throws and side-licks) were assessed in three independently-managed crossbred cow-calf groups (total=116 to 183 cow-calf pairs) within a subdivided large pasture. Each group received either salt-garlic-powder (SGP) supplement or salt (ST) only, free-choice. The SGP contained 2.1% and 5% garlic powder, respectively in both years. Fly surveys were conducted between June and September each year (approximately every 3 weeks) on cows (n = 5 to 66) randomly sampled from each group. Post-survey image analyses used digital footage and still-images of lateral views of cows and were used to evaluate resting flies (FA) on the cows and FAB. Majority were horn flies based on resting locations on the cows and close-up images. Statistical analyses were performed using generalized linear models adjusted for Year-effect. There was no treatment effect on average SC (P &gt; 0.22) but the groups that received SGP (59g/hd/day) consumed numerically less salt-supplement than ST group (73g/hd/day). The average FA and average proportion of individuals exhibiting FAB were different (P &lt; 0.04) between overall treatment groups where cows that received SGP had fewer flies (55 vs 125 flies) and less FAB (33% vs 42%) than the control group. However, one group that received SGP was not different (P &gt; 0.2) from the control, suggesting that there may be differential insectifugal outcomes based on other factors. While these results suggest that infusing garlic powder into pasture trace-mineral salt does not significantly affect salt consumption and reduces the overall number of pest-flies across different grazing groups, additional studies are required to validate these findings in drylot conditions.