bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the grain refining performance of Al‐5Ti‐1B master alloy on the recycling process of A356 alloy
Authors: Peeratatsuwan C. , Chowwanonthapunya T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the grain refining performance of Al‐5Ti‐1B master alloy on the recycled A356 alloy is investigated using the macrostructure examination and chemical analysis. Results show that Al‐5Ti‐1B is composed of the dispersion of blocky TiAl3 particles and mixtures of small TiAl3 and TiB2 particles. Both particles refine grain structures of A356 alloy. As the initial recycling process proceeds, A356 alloy still exhibits fine structures. However, during the subsequent recycling process, the grain size of A356 alloy become larger. The concentration of titanium and boron decreases with increasing the number of recycling, especially in the subsequent recycling process. It is proposed that recycling of refined A356 can best be conducted in the initial recycling process and then additional grain refiner needs to be added to maintain the grain refining performance for the continuous recycling process of A356 alloy.
Review: Recent advancement and research possibilities in 4D printing technology
Authors: Singholi A.K.S. , Sharma A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe development of smart materials has provided a new technology in the field of 3D printing which is termed as 4D printing technology. Such development has allowed the researchers to design a material and component which can respond to external stimuli. The present review focuses on an overview of the advancement in 3D printing technology and 4D printing technology and possibilities for further development. Apart from 3 dimensions of 3D printing, 4D printing uses time as fourth dimension to create or modify shape when exposed to stimuli. The parameters which change with time include temperature, water, light, humidity, pH etc. The invention of smart materials, development in fabrication process and deformation model, advancement in printing methods have led to development of 4D printing technology. The ability of smart material to change the shape and design according to their environment and as per the application have enhanced degree of freedom of parts during application. The effect of major components including smart materials, printing methods and stimuli on 4D printing technology have been reviewed. Some recent discoveries have shown promising results but still need to overcome certain impediments.
Multi‐Tissue Multi‐Omics Nutrigenomics Indicates Context‐Specific Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Rat Brain
Authors: Zhang Guanglin , Meng Qingying , Blencowe Montgomery , Agrawal Rahul , Gomez‐Pinilla Fernando , Yang Xia 
Published: October 2020

ScopeThe influence of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cardiometabolic and cognitive phenotypes, and multi‐omic alterations in the brain under two metabolic conditions is explored to understand context‐specific nutritional effects.Methods and resultsRats are randomly assigned to a DHA‐rich or a control chow diet while drinking water or high fructose solution, followed by profiling of metabolic and cognitive phenotypes and the transcriptome and DNA methylome of the hypothalamus and hippocampus. DHA reduces serum triglyceride and improves insulin resistance and memory exclusively in the fructose‐consuming rats. In hippocampus, DHA affects genes related to synapse functions in the chow group but immune functions in the fructose group; in hypothalamus, DHA alters immune pathways in the chow group but metabolic pathways in the fructose group. Network modeling reveals context‐specific regulators of DHA effects, including Klf4 and Dusp1 for chow condition and Lum, Fn1, and Col1a1 for fructose condition in hippocampus, as well as Cyr61, JunB, Ier2, and Pitx2 under chow condition and Hcar1, Cdh1, and Osr1 under fructose condition in hypothalamus.ConclusionDHA exhibits differential influence on epigenetic loci, genes, pathways, and metabolic and cognitive phenotypes under different dietary contexts, supporting population stratification in DHA studies to achieve precision nutrition.
Positional and angular tracking of HDR 192Ir source for brachytherapy quality assurance using radiochromic film dosimetry
Authors: Aldelaijan Saad , Devic Slobodan , Bekerat Hamed , Papaconstadopoulos Pavlos , Schneider James , Seuntjens Jan , Cormack Robert A. , Buzurovic Ivan M. 
Published: October 2020

PurposeTo quantify and verify the dosimetric impact of high‐dose rate (HDR) source positional uncertainty in brachytherapy, and to introduce a model for three‐dimensional (3D) position tracking of the HDR source based on a two‐dimensional (2D) measurement. This model has been utilized for the development of a comprehensive source quality assurance (QA) method using radiochromic film (RCF) dosimetry including assessment of different digitization uncertainties.MethodsAn algorithm was developed and verified to generate 2D dose maps of the mHDR‐V2 192Ir source (Elekta, Veenendaal, Netherlands) based on the AAPM TG‐43 formalism. The limits of the dosimetric error associated with source (0.9 mm diameter) positional uncertainty were evaluated and experimentally verified with EBT3 film measurements for 6F (2.0 mm diameter) and 4F (1.3 mm diameter) size catheters at the surface (4F, 6F) and 10 mm further (4F only). To quantify this uncertainty, a source tracking model was developed to incorporate the unique geometric features of all isodose lines (IDLs) within any given 2D dose map away from the source. The tracking model normalized the dose map to its maximum, then quantified the IDLs using blob analysis based on features such as area, perimeter, weighted centroid, elliptic orientation, and circularity. The Pearson correlation coefficients (PCCs) between these features and source coordinates (x, y, z, θy, θz) were calculated. To experimentally verify the accuracy of the tracking model, EBT3 film pieces were positioned within a Solid Water® (SW) phantom above and below the source and they were exposed simultaneously.ResultsThe maximum measured dosimetric variations on the 6F and 4F catheter surfaces were 39.8% and 36.1%, respectively. At 10 mm further, the variation reduced to 2.6% for the 4F catheter which is in agreement with the calculations. The source center (x, y) was strongly correlated with the low IDL‐weighted centroid (PCC = 0.99), while the distance to source (z) was correlated with the IDL areas (PCC = 0.96) and perimeters (PCC = 0.99). The source orientation θy was correlated with the difference between high and low IDL‐weighted centroids (PCC = 0.98), while θz was correlated with the elliptic orientation of the 60–90% IDLs (PCC = 0.97) for a maximum distance of z = 5 mm. Beyond 5 mm, IDL circularity was significant, therefore limiting the determination of θz (PCC ≤ 0.48). The measured positional errors from the film sets above and below the source indicated a source position at the bottom of the catheter (−0.24 ± 0.07 mm).ConclusionsIsodose line features of a 2D dose map away from the HDR source can reveal its spatial coordinates. RCF was shown to be a suitable dosimeter for source tracking and dosimetry. This technique offers a novel source QA method and has the potential to be used for QA of commercial and customized applicators.
Adsorption of l‐selenomethionine and l‐selenocystine on the surface of silver nanoparticles: A spectroscopic study
Authors: Dhayagude Akshay C. , Debnath Anil K. , Joshi Satyawati S. , Kapoor Sudhir , Maiti Nandita 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdsorption behavior of the seleno‐amino acids viz. l‐selenomethionine (SeMet) and l‐selenocystine (SeCys) on the surface of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The bare and functionalized Ag NPs were characterized by UV‐visible absorption, DLS, zeta‐potential measurements and TEM. The Raman spectrum supported by DFT computed spectrum of SeMet and SeCys suggested the existence of zwitterionic and diselenide (Se‐Se) forms in the crystalline state. The SERS study of SeMet and SeCys indicates that the zwitterionic and diselenide forms, respectively bind to the Ag NPs primarily through the Se atom. In case of SeCys, cleavage of the Se‐Se bond occurs on the Ag NPs surface. SERS results; thus, established the active anchoring sites involved in binding for both seleno‐amino acids and XPS analysis confirmed that Se atom was the most active coordinating site with minor involvement of the carboxylate and amino groups. The SERS study of the seleno‐amino acids showed the possibility of change in orientation of SeMet on the Ag NPs surface with alteration in concentration, while no variation in orientation was observed for SeCys. In this study, sensing of the SeMet and SeCys down to 100 nM level was also achieved.
A randomized controlled trial of a structured exercise intervention after the completion of acute cancer treatment in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Atkinson Morgan , Murnane Andrew , Goddard Thomas , Pendergrast Cathy , Rogers Paul , Manudhane Rebecca , Osborn Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCancer treatments are frequently associated with impaired physical fitness, quality of life (QOL), and fatigue, often persisting into survivorship. Studies in older adults with cancer have demonstrated benefits from exercise; however, this has not been rigorously investigated in adolescents and young adults (AYA). The aim of this study was to determine whether a structured 10‐week exercise intervention was associated with improved cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak), fatigue, and QOL in AYA who have recently completed cancer treatment.MethodForty‐three AYA (median age 21 ± 6 years) were randomly assigned to an exercise group (n = 22) or a control group (n = 21). The exercise group received a structured 10‐week exercise program comprising progressive aerobic and resistance exercise; the control arm received routine care. VO2peak was measured at baseline, 10 weeks, and six months. Fatigue and QOL were assessed by the FACIT fatigue scale and the PEDS QL, respectively.ResultsMean VO2peak at baseline was 26.5 ± 7.2 mL.kg−1.min−1, which is substantially lower than population norms. The exercise group demonstrated significant improvement in VO2peak at 10 weeks compared with controls (33.8 ± 8.1 vs 29.6 ± 7.6 mL.kg−1.min−1, P = 0.0002), but by six months, the difference was no longer significant (32.9 ± 7.0 vs 30.9 ± 11.0 mL.kg−1.min−1, P = 0.21). There were no significant differences in fatigue or total QOL scores between groups.ConclusionCancer treatment is associated with reduced VO2peak in AYA. Improvement in VO2peak was accelerated by a 10‐week exercise program; however, no significant benefit was observed in QOL or fatigue. The plateau in VO2peak at six months suggests that a maintenance exercise program may be beneficial.
Low‐grade glioma: A rare second tumor in retinoblastoma survivors
Authors: Dalvi Nagma , Kleinerman Ruth A. , Epelman Sidnei , Abramson David H. , Dunkel Ira J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRetinoblastoma survivors with a germline RB1 mutation are at elevated risk for secondary (nonocular) malignancy, but their risk for low‐grade glioma (LGG) is unknown. We performed a retrospective review of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and the NCI databases that revealed that three of the 837 5‐year survivors of hereditary retinoblastoma were diagnosed with an LGG and a fourth patient (but unilateral and without a germline mutation) was identified at another center. Retinoblastoma survivors may be at increased risk for LGG.
Correlation between backbone and pyridine dynamics in poly(2‐vinyl pyridine)/silica polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Bailey Eric J. , Tyagi Madhusudan , Winey Karen I. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolymer segmental dynamics in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) can be significantly perturbed from bulk and underlie macroscopic mechanical and transport properties, but fundamental studies are necessary to build correlations between dynamics and properties. To elucidate a mechanistic description of this perturbation and isolate different molecular motions, we present quasi‐elastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements on PNCs with attractive interactions comprised of colloidal silica nanoparticles (NPs) uniformly dispersed in poly(2‐vinyl pyridine) (P2VP) with and without backbone deuteration. Measurements of fully‐protonated P2VP probe the dynamics of both the polymer backbone and pyridine pendant group; whereas measurements of backbone‐deuterated P2VP isolate the dynamics of only the pyridine ring. On the small length scales (~1 nm) and fast time scales (~1 ns) captured by QENS, we show that the backbone and pyridine ring dynamics are highly coupled at high temperatures and both are slowed by about 35% relative to neat polymer in 25 vol% PNCs. This observation implies that the backbone and pendant interfacial dynamics are perturbed similarly in PNCs, which further develops our fundamental understanding of microscopic properties in PNCs.
Cross‐polarization with magic‐angle spinning kinetics and impedance spectroscopy study of proton mobility, local disorder, and thermal equilibration in hydrogen‐bonded poly(methacrylic acid)
Authors: Dagys Laurynas , Klimkevičius Vaidas , Klimavicius Vytautas , Balčiūnas Sergejus , Banys Jūras , Balevicius Vytautas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe 1H–13C cross‐polarization with magic‐angle spinning (CP MAS) kinetics was studied in poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) having the purpose to track the links between the local order in the main chain and the proton dynamics in peripheral hydrogen bond networks. The experimental CP MAS kinetic curves were analyzed applying the models of isotropic and anisotropic spin‐diffusion with thermal equilibration. The fractal dimension Dp ≈ 3 was deduced that indicates that PMAA behaves as an isotropic 3D‐system. No proton conductivity in the neat PMAA was deduced from the impedance spectroscopy data analyzing the frequency dependences of the complex dielectric permittivity. The value of local order parameter S = 0.70 for CH2 in PMAA occupies an intermediate position between 0.63 and 0.85 deduced for CH2 sites in the main chains of poly(vinyl phosphonic acid) and poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate), that is, the true proton conductor and the polymer that contains the H‐bond network, however, no proton conductivity, respectively.
Spine metastasis in patients with prostate cancer: Survival prognosis assessment
Authors: Amelot Aymeric , Terrier Louis‐Marie , Le Nail Louis‐Romée , Cristini Joseph , Cook Ann‐Rose , Buffenoir Kévin , Pascal‐Moussellard Hugues , Carpentier Alexandre , Dubory Arnaud , Mathon Bertrand 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients presenting spine metastasis (SpM) from prostate cancer (PC) form a heterogeneous population, through this study, we aimed to clarify and update their prognostic assessment.MethodsThe patient data used in this study was obtained from a French national multicenter database of patients treated for PC with SpM between 2014 and 2017. A total of 72 patients and 365 SpM cases were diagnosed.ResultsThe median overall survival time for all patients following the event of SpM was 28.8 months. First, we identified three significant survival prognostic factors of PC patients with SpM: good Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group/World Health Organization personnel status (Status 0 hazard ratio [HR]: 0.031, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.008–0.127; p < .0001) or (Status 1 HR: 0.163, 95% CI: 0.068–0.393; p < .0001) and SpM radiotherapy (HR: 2.923, 95% CI: 1.059–8.069; p < .0001). Secondly, the presence of osteolytic lesions of the spine (vs. osteoblastic) was found to represent an independent prognosis factor for longer survival [HR: 0.424, 95% CI: 0.216–0.830; p = .01]. Other factors including the number of SpM, surgery, extraspinal metastasis, synchrone metastasis, metastasis‐free survival, and SpM recurrence were not identified as being prognostically relevant to the survival of patients with PC.ConclusionSurvival and our ability to estimate it in patients presenting PC with SpM have improved significantly. Therefore, we advocate the relevance of updating SpM prognostic scoring algorithms by incorporating data regarding the timeline of PC as well as the presence of osteolytic SpM to conceive treatments that are adapted to each patient.
Effects of sugar sources on adult longevity, survival and related gene expression in an endoparasitoid, Pteromalus puparum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Authors: Xiong Shijiao , Yu Kaili , Yao Hongwei , Wang Fang , Fang Qi , Song Qisheng , Ye Gongyin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdult parasitic wasps take sugars to meet their energy needs and display different lifespans and fertility in response to different sugar sources. Pteromalus puparum is an endoparasitoid with a wide range of hosts, including many lepidopteran pests. As a potential natural enemy resource, the availability of sugar sources has profound effects for wasp applications and host populations dynamics.RESULTSWe assessed the effect of feeding sucrose and honey on the lifespan of P. puparum in the range 0–40% (w/v). The results indicated a statistically significant positive effect of sucrose and honey solutions on the lifespan of P. puparum female adults. Correlation analyses confirmed a strong positive correlation between high concentrations of sugar and extended lifespan. The optimum concentration of sucrose solution for wasps was 20%, while 10% for honey. Then, we examined the expression patterns of 15 lifespan‐related genes. The results showed that the relative expression levels of 14 genes were significantly correlated with the mean lifespan of sucrose‐fed wasps, and six genes correlated with the mean lifespan of honey‐fed wasps. In addition, the models for lifespan prediction were constructed.CONCLUSIONWe elaborated the quantitative effects of two sugar sources (sucrose and honey) on P. puparum lifespan, investigated the expression patterns of lifespan‐related genes when fed different sugar sources, and developed round lifespan prediction models accordingly. This study provides a novel tool for studying the longevity regulating mechanisms of parasitic wasps, and may be instructive for mass‐production of parasitoids as biological control agents. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with isolated endobronchial involvement
Authors: Liao Ting‐Yu , Lin Chien‐Chin , Yuan Chang‐Tsu , Lin Ching‐Kai , Ho Chao‐Chi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrimary pulmonary lymphoma is an uncommon disease, and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is the most common type of pulmonary lymphoma. The most frequent pattern observed in chest computed tomography (CT) is consolidation, followed by nodules and mass. The differentiation of pulmonary MALT lymphoma from other lung diseases is critical for disease management and treatment. However, pulmonary MALT lymphoma with isolated endobronchial manifestation has seldomly been reported. Here, we report a case of an elderly woman who presented with a four‐month history of cough, dyspnoea, and haemoptysis. Chest CT scan revealed left main bronchus narrowing without lung parenchymal lesion. Bronchoscopic examination was performed, and the diagnosis of primary pulmonary MALT lymphoma with isolated endobronchial involvement was made. She has been successfully treated with rituximab.
Almost fast finite‐time adaptive tracking control for a class of full‐state constrained pure‐feedback nonlinear systems
Authors: Liu Jidong , Niu Ben , Zhao Ping , Li Xiaodi , Qi Wenhai 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn this article, a novel almost fast finite‐time adaptive tracking control scheme is proposed for a class of full‐state constrained pure‐feedback nonlinear systems based on barrier Lyapunov functions (BLFs). First, by employing the mean value theorem, the pure‐feedback systems are converted to the strict‐feedback structure with nonaffine terms. Then, by fusing adaptive backstepping technique and BLFs, the design difficulties caused by the nonaffine terms and full‐state constraints are overcome. Furthermore, according to the predeveloped almost fast finite‐time stability criterion, it is proved that the tracking error can converge to a small compact set and all signals of the closed‐loop system can be bounded in an almost fast finite time. Finally, a simulation example of a single‐link robot is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Model predictive control for nonlinear systems with time‐varying dynamics and guaranteed Lyapunov stability
Authors: Wan Ruoxiao , Li Shaoyuan , Zheng Yi 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis article focuses on model predictive control (MPC) of nonlinear systems in the case that the system parameters are inaccurate due to equipment wear or environmental changes. An MPC where the parameters of the predictive model are recursive estimated is proposed for nonlinear continuous time systems. The range of initial state that is able to guarantee the state always bounded in an allowable stability region, even when there does not exist any robust control law designed based on the mismatched initial model, is deduced. The corresponding optimization problem is designed based on Lyapunov controller techniques and includes parameter estimation parts. By this method, the state will eventually converge to a small neighborhood of the desired set‐point. Stability analysis is performed and an application of the proposed method to the chemical process is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Synthesis of Macrocyclic β‐Peptidomimetics by Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Hieu Tran Dinh , Tu Nguyen Xuan , Minh Chau Tran Thi , Quynh Le Thuy , Ho Oh Chang , Hung Mac Dinh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of a series of conformationally constrained peptidomimetics containing a 9‐to‐13‐atom‐membered ring by ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) is described. The second‐generation Grubbs catalyst proved to be the most effective in producing the desired cyclic β‐peptidomimetics with moderate to good yields. Reaction characteristics such as the influence of alkene chain length in the precursors, position of double bond and ring size of products were also discussed.
Effects of the Removal of Lipids and Surface Proteins on the Physicochemical and Structural Properties of Green Wheat Starches
Authors: Zhang Kangyi , Zhao Di , Zhang Xun , Qu Lingbo , Zhang Yayuan , Huang Qingrong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGreen wheat starch and its isolated A‐ and B‐type starch granules are physically modified by deproteinization and defatting treatments. After these treatments, the morphology of the starch granules is changed as the aggregation disappears and the partial starch granule structure is disrupted. The birefringence and X‐ray diffraction patterns of all the starch samples are not changed by these treatments, while the relative crystallinity of the starch samples increases on deproteinization and decreases on defatting treatment. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance reveals that deproteinization and defatting cause an increase and decrease in the double helix content of the starch samples. These changes lead to different effects on the physicochemical properties of the various starch samples. Deproteinization increases the gelatinization temperature (To, Tp, Tc) and the derivative peak temperature (TPeak) of green wheat starch and its isolated A and B‐type starch granules, which is related to the increase in the relative crystallinity. Overall, the deproteinization treatment has a more obvious effect on the physiochemical and structural properties of starch granules than the defatting treatment.