bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Job Demands–Resources Model Affects the Performance of Associate Nurses in The Z Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Batubara Khairunnisa , Syam Bustami , Wahyuni Sri Eka 
Published: June 2020

Low nurses’ performance is related with increased job demands and unprofessional job resources. This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the effects of the job demands–resources model on the performance of associate nurses. The study population was composed of 126 nurses randomly selected. Data were analyzed using the multiple linear regression test. The results showed that job demands and job resources significantly affected the performance of associate nurses. A moderate or heavy level of job demands supported with good job resources will have a positive effect on nurse motivation; thus, nurse’s performance remains good. Job demands must be balanced with job resources, which is important in formulating an organizational policy model that contributes to improving nurse performance.Abstrak Model Tuntutan-Sumber Daya Pekerjaan Memengaruhi Kinerja Perawat Pelaksana di Rumah Sakit Z Medan, Indonesia. Kurangnya kinerja perawat berkaitan dengan tuntutan pekerjaan yang meningkat dan sumber daya pekerjaan yang tidak profesional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh job demands-resources model terhadap kinerja perawat pelaksana dengan menggunakan cross-sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 126 perawat ruangan rawat inap dan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan persamaan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa job demands-resources model berpengaruh terhadap kinerja perawat pelaksana. Tuntutan pekerjaan pada kategori sedang maupun berat namun diimbangi dengan sumber daya pekerjaan yang baik, maka perawat memiliki motivasi yang bersifat positif sehingga kinerja perawat tetap baik. Direkomendasikan pada pihak manajemen agar tuntutan pekerjaan yang diberikan harus diseimbangkan dengan sumber daya pekerjaan sehingga pada akhirnya dapat dirumuskan model kebijakan organisasi yang berkonstribusi dalam meningkatkan kinerja perawat. Kata Kunci: job demands-resources model, kinerja perawat
«ГЛАЗ НЕБЕСНЫЙ», "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: ЛИСОВ Игорь Анатольевич 
Published: June 2020

11 января 2020 года был принят государственной комиссией и вступил в строй крупнейший в мире однозеркальный радиотелескоп в китайской провинции Гуйчжоу. Диаметр его зеркала в 1,6 раза больше, чем у американского радиотелескопа Аресибо, чувствительность в 2,3 раза выше, доступная для наблюдений площадь неба - вчетверо больше
A New Look at Formulation of Charge Storage in Capacitors and Application to Classical Capacitor and Fractional Capacitor Theory
Authors: Das Shantanu 
Published: June 2020

In this study, we revisit the concept of classical capacitor theory-and derive possible new explanations of the definition charge stored in a capacitor. We introduce the capacity function with respect to time to describe the charge storage in a classical capacitor and a fractional capacitor. Here we will describe that charge stored at any time in a capacitor as ‘convolution integral’ of defined capacity function of a capacitor and voltage stress across it which comes from causality principle. This approach, however, is different from the conventional method, where we multiply the capacity and voltage functions to obtain charge stored. This new concept is in line with the observation of charge stored as a step function and the relaxation current in form of impulse function for ‘ideal geometrical capacitor’ of constant capacity; when an uncharged capacitor is impressed with a constant voltage stress. Also this new formulation is valid for a power-law decay current that is given by ‘universal dielectric relaxation law’ called as ‘Curie von-Schweidler law’, when an uncharged capacitor is impressed with a constant voltage stress. This universal dielectric relaxation law gives rise to fractional derivative relating voltage stress and relaxation current that is formulation of ‘fractional capacitor’. A ‘fractional capacitor’ we will discuss with this new concept of redefining the charge store definition i.e. via this ‘convolution integral’ approach, and obtain the loss tangent value. We will also show how for a ‘fractional capacitor’ by use of ‘fractional integration’ we can convert the fractional capacity a constant that is in terms of fractional units (Farads per sec to the power of fractional number); to normal units of Farads. From the defined capacity function, we will also derive integrated capacity of capacitor. We will also give a possible physical explanation by taking example of porous and non-porous pitchers of constant volume holding water and thus, explaining the various interesting aspects of classical capacitor and a fractional capacitor that we arrive with this new formulation; and also relates to a capacitor breakdown theory-due to electrostatic forces.
A novel in vivo measure of cyberaggression
Authors: Burt S. Alexandra , Kim Mikayla , Alhabash Saleem 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCyberaggression (CA), or the use of information communication technologies to inflict harm on others, is an emerging public health crisis. Unfortunately, our current ability to assess CA in a research context remains limited, curtailing efforts to address this important issue. We sought to fill this gap in the literature by developing an adapted “chat” version of the Taylor aggression paradigm (TAP) that would more closely resemble a social gaming format (hereafter referred to as the TAP‐Chat). In the TAP‐Chat, participants have a chat function available to communicate with their (fictitious) co‐player. Following loss trials in a competitive reaction time task, they receive a “mean chat” from their co‐player. Participant messages to their (fictitious) co‐player are then coded for aggressive content by a team of trained research assistants, and via automated linguistic analysis software (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count). The current study evaluated the predictive utility of the TAP‐Chat task in independent discovery and replication samples (N = 843 and N  = 350, respectively). Participants’ publicly available tweets served as an important external criterion variable, along with a handful of self‐report questionnaires assessing CA and related constructs. Analyses suggest that, although it can be completed in ∼13 min, the TAP‐Chat predicts CA on Twitter and, to a lesser extent, as reported on questionnaires. Although there are still several issues to address, it is our hope that the research community will benefit from this straightforward behavioral assessment of CA.
Accuracy of FGF‐21 and GDF‐15 for the diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Yan , Ji Kunqian , Ma Xiaotian , Liu Shuangwu , Li Wei , Zhao Yuying , Yan Chuanzhu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveGiven their diverse phenotypes, mitochondrial diseases (MDs) are often difficult to diagnose. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF‐21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) represent promising biomarkers for MD diagnosis. Herein we conducted a meta‐analysis to compare their diagnostic accuracy for MDs.MethodsWe comprehensively searched PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to 1 January 2020. Data were analyzed by two independent reviewers. We obtained the sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR‐), diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves of each diagnostic method.ResultsEight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 1563 participants (five encompassing 718 FGF‐21 assessments; seven encompassing 845 participants for GDF‐15) were included. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR and SROC of FGF‐21 were 0.71 (95% CI 0.53, 0.84), 0.88(95% CI 0.82, 0.93), 18 (95% CI 6, 54), 0.90 (95% CI 0.87, 0.92), respectively, which were lower than GDF‐15 values; 0.83 (95% CI 0.65, 0.92), 0.92 (95% CI 0.84, 0.96), 52 (95% CI 13, 205), 0.94 (95% CI 0.92, 0.96).InterpretationFGF‐21 and GDF‐15 showed acceptable sensitivity and high specificity. Of the biomarkers, GDF‐15 had the highest diagnostic accuracy.
Is There Any Role for Opioids in the Management of Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Osani Mikala C. , Lohmander L. Stefan , Bannuru Raveendhara R. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveOpioids have long been prescribed for chronic pain conditions, including osteoarthritis (OA). However, there is little information about their temporal efficacy, or differences in efficacy and safety between opioids with strong versus weak/intermediate μ opioid receptor–binding affinity. To explore these research questions, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in patients with knee and/or hip OA.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, PubMed Central, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to December 2019 and sought unpublished data. Placebo‐controlled RCTs of oral opioids in patients with knee and/or hip OA were included. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated for pain and function at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Subgroup analyses for strong and weak/intermediate opioids were conducted. Meta‐regression was performed to assess the impact of dosage (morphine equivalency) on pain relief. Risk ratios were calculated for safety at the final follow‐up.ResultsA total of 18 RCTs (9,283 participants) were included. Opioids demonstrated small benefits on pain at each time point, with SMDs ranging from –0.28 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] –0.38, –0.17) to –0.19 (95% CI –0.29, –0.08); similar effects were observed for function. Strong opioids demonstrated consistently inferior efficacy and overall worse safety than weak/intermediate opioids. Meta‐regression revealed that incremental pain relief achieved beyond 20–50‐mg doses was not substantial in the context of increased safety risks.ConclusionOpioids provide minimal relief of OA symptoms within a 12‐week period, and they are known to cause discomfort in a majority of patients. Clinicians and policy makers should reconsider the utility of opioids in the management of OA.
Rational Interface Design and Morphology Control for Blade‐Coating Efficient Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with a Record Fill Factor of 81%
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zeng Linxiang , Zhang Cuiling , Lu Yuanlin , Qiu Shudi , Wang Chuan , Liu Chong , Pan Lijun , Wu Shaohang , Hu Jinlong , Liang Guangxing , Fan Ping , Egelhaaf Hans‐Joachim , Brabec Christoph J. , Guo Fei , Mai Yaohua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHalide perovskites are one of the ideal photovoltaic materials for constructing flexible solar devices due to relatively high efficiencies for low‐temperature solution‐processed devices. However, the overwhelming majority of flexible perovskite solar cells are produced using spin coating, which represents a major hurdle for upscaling. Here, a scalable approach is reported to fabricate efficient and robust flexible perovskite solar cells on a polymer substrate. Thiourea is introduced into perovskite precursor solution to modulate the crystal growth, resulting in dense and uniform perovskite thin films on rough surfaces. As a decisive step, a cascade energy alignment is realized for the hole extraction layer by rationally designing a bilayer interface comprised of PEDOT:PSS/PTAA with a distinct offset in the highest occupied molecular orbital levels, enabling markedly enhanced charge extraction and spectral response. An efficiency as high as 19.41% and a record fill factor up to 81% are achieved for flexible perovskite devices processed by a scalable printing method. Equally important, the bilayer interface reinforces the bendability of the indium tin oxide substrate, leading to enhanced mechanical robustness of the flexible devices. These results underpin the importance of morphology control and interface design in constructing high‐performance flexible perovskite solar cells.
Laser Assisted Solution Synthesis of High Performance Graphene Supported Electrocatalysts
Authors: Peng Yudong , Cao Jianyun , Yang Jie , Yang Wenji , Zhang Chao , Li Xiaohong , Dryfe Robert A. W. , Li Lin , Kinloch Ian A. , Liu Zhu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSimple, yet versatile, methods to functionalize graphene flakes with metal (oxide) nanoparticles are in demand, particularly for the development of advanced catalysts. Herein, based on light‐induced electrochemistry, a laser‐assisted, continuous, solution route for the simultaneous reduction and modification of graphene oxide with catalytic nanoparticles is reported. Electrochemical graphene oxide (EGO) is used as starting material and electron–hole pair source due to its low degree of oxidation, which imparts structural integrity and an ability to withstand photodegradation. Simply illuminating a solution stream containing EGO and metal salt (e.g., H2PtCl6 or RuCl3) with a 248 nm wavelength laser produces reduced EGO (rEGO, oxygen content 4.0 at%) flakes, decorated with Pt (≈2.0 nm) or RuO2 (≈2.8 nm) nanoparticles. The RuO2–rEGO flakes exhibit superior catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction, requiring a small overpotential of 225 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The Pt–rEGO flakes (10.2 wt% of Pt) show enhanced mass activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction, and similar performance for oxygen reduction reaction compared to a commercial 20 wt% Pt/C catalyst. This simple production method is also used to deposit PtPd alloy and MnOx nanoparticles on rEGO, demonstrating its versatility in synthesizing functional nanoparticle‐modified graphene materials.
Enhancing Photoluminescence Quantum Yield in 0D Metal Halides by Introducing Water Molecules
Authors: Song Gaomin , Li Mingze , Zhang Shengzi , Wang Naizheng , Gong Pifu , Xia Zhiguo , Lin Zheshuai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEnhancing photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is one of the most important issues in photoluminescent materials. Herein, a molecule design strategy to improve the PLQY in 0D metal halides is proposed. Two new lead‐free organic–inorganic metal halide hybrids with broadband orange emissions have been prepared with a PLQY increase of 57% from (C6N2H16)SbCl5 (I) to (C6N2H16)SbCl5⋅H2O (II) by introducing H2O molecules. These two compounds have very similar inorganic frameworks, except that the incorporation of water molecules in II increases the distance between the [SbCl5] polyhedra. It is revealed that the increase of PLQY is mainly attributed to the generation of more local photoelectrons resulting from the additional water molecules. This work provides a new insight to improve the PLQY for 0D environmentally friendly organic–inorganic metal halide hybrids and is beneficial for further photoluminescent material exploration.
Self‐Repairing Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells with a Breakthrough Efficiency Over 11%
Authors: Wang Chengbo , Gu Feidan , Zhao Ziran , Rao Haixia , Qiu Yaming , Cai Zelun , Zhan Ge , Li Xiaoyue , Sun Boxun , Yu Xiao , Zhao Boqin , Liu Zhiwei , Bian Zuqiang , Huang Chunhui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of tin (Sn)‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is hindered by their lower power conversion efficiency and poorer stability compared to the lead‐based ones, which arise from the easy oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+. Herein, phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHCl) is introduced into FASnI3 (FA = NH2CH  NH2+) perovskite films to reduce the existing Sn4+ and prevent the further degradation of FASnI3, since PHCl has a reductive hydrazino group and a hydrophobic phenyl group. Consequently, the device achieves a record power conversion efficiency of 11.4% for lead‐free PSCs. Besides, the unencapsulated device displays almost no efficiency reduction in a glove box over 110 days and shows efficiency recovery after being exposed to air, due to a proposed self‐repairing trap state passivation process.
Biodegradable Materials and Green Processing for Green Electronics
Authors: Li Wenhui , Liu Qian , Zhang Yuniu , Li Chang'an , He Zhenfei , Choy Wallace C. H. , Low Paul J. , Sonar Prashant , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is little question that the “electronic revolution” of the 20th century has impacted almost every aspect of human life. However, the emergence of solid‐state electronics as a ubiquitous feature of an advanced modern society is posing new challenges such as the management of electronic waste (e‐waste) that will remain through the 21st century. In addition to developing strategies to manage such e‐waste, further challenges can be identified concerning the conservation and recycling of scarce elements, reducing the use of toxic materials and solvents in electronics processing, and lowering energy usage during fabrication methods. In response to these issues, the construction of electronic devices from renewable or biodegradable materials that decompose to harmless by‐products is becoming a topic of great interest. Such “green” electronic devices need to be fabricated on industrial scale through low‐energy and low‐cost methods that involve low/non‐toxic functional materials or solvents. This review highlights recent advances in the development of biodegradable materials and processing strategies for electronics with an emphasis on areas where green electronic devices show the greatest promise, including solar cells, organic field‐effect transistors, light‐emitting diodes, and other electronic devices.
Boosting Neutral Water Oxidation through Surface Oxygen Modulation
Authors: Zhang Longsheng , Wang Liping , Wen Yunzhou , Ni Fenglou , Zhang Bo , Peng Huisheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDeveloping efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in pH‐neutral electrolyte is crucial for microbial electrolysis cells and electrochemical CO2 reduction. Unfortunately, the OER kinetics in neutral electrolyte is sluggish due to the low concentration of adsorbed reactants, with overpotentials of neutral OER at present much higher than that in acidic or alkaline electrolyte. Here, hydrated metal cations (Ca2+) are sought to be incorporated into the state‐of‐the‐art Ru–Ir binary oxide to tailor the surface oxygen environments (lattice‐oxygen and adsorbed oxygen species) for efficient neutral OER. Using a sol–gel method, ternary Ru–Ir–Ca oxides are synthesized in atomically homogenous manner, and the obtained catalyst on glassy carbon electrode achieves 10 mA cm−2 at a low overpotential of 250 mV, with no degradation for 200 h of operation. In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, in situ 18O isotope‐labeling differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, and 18O isotope‐labeling secondary ion mass spectroscopy studies are carried out. The results reveal that incorporation of Ca2+ can enhance the covalency of metal–oxygen bonds and the electrophilic nature of surface metal‐bonded oxygen sites; and simultaneously facilitate the adsorption of water molecules on catalyst surface, which accelerates the lattice‐oxygen‐involved reaction, thus improving the overall OER performance of RuIrCaOx catalyst.
Crystal Engineering of 1D Exciton Systems Composed of Single‐ and Double‐Stranded Perylene Bisimide J‐Aggregates
Authors: Stolte Matthias , Hecht Reinhard , Xie Zengqi , Liu Linlin , Kaufmann Christina , Kudzus Astrid , Schmidt David , Würthner Frank 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSingle crystals of three at bay area tetraphenoxy‐substituted perylene bisimide dyes are grown by vacuum sublimation. X‐ray analysis reveals the self‐assembly of these highly twisted perylene bisimides (PBIs) in the solid state via imide–imide hydrogen bonding into hydrogen‐bonded PBI chains. The crystallographic insights disclose that the conformation and sterical congestion imparted by the phenoxy substituents can be controlled by ortho‐substituents. Accordingly, whilst sterically less demanding methyl and isopropyl substituents afford double‐stranded PBI chains of complementary P and M atropo‐enantiomers, single hydrogen‐bonded chains of homochiral PBIs are observed for the sterically more demanding ortho‐phenyl substituents. Investigation of the absorption and fluorescence properties of microcrystals and thin films of these PBIs allow for an unambiguous interpretation of these exciton systems. Thus, the J‐aggregates of the double‐stranded crystals exhibit a much larger (negative) exciton coupling than the single‐stranded one, which in contrast has the higher solid‐state fluorescence quantum yield.
Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Spirocyclohexene Indane‐1,3‐diones and Coumarin‐Fused Cyclopentanes via an Organobase‐Controlled Cascade Reaction
Authors: Wang Min , Tseng Ping‐Yao , Chi Woei‐Jye , Suresh Sundaram , Edukondalu Athukuri , Chen Yi‐Ru , Lin Wenwei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn organobase‐controlled, divergent cascade reaction to construct spirocyclohexene indane‐1,3‐diones and coumarin‐fused cyclopentanes is reported. The cascade reaction is triggered by the 1,6‐addition of 3‐homoacylcoumarins to the indanedione‐derived acceptors and further regio/chemoselective reaction that preferentially resulted in spiro systems and fused cyclopentanes in a diversity‐oriented manner. The 1,6‐addition/aldol and 1,6‐addition/vinylogous Michael addition cascade processes were controlled by different base/solvent systems to the predominant formation of one of the two carbocyclic compounds.magnified image
Dynamic Assembly of Active Colloids: Theory and Simulation
Authors: Ma Zhan , Yang Mingcheng , Ni Ran 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBecause they consume energy to drive their motion, systems of active colloids are intrinsically out of equilibrium. In past decades, a variety of intriguing dynamic patterns have been observed in systems of active colloids, which offer a new platform for studying non‐equilibrium physics, in which computer simulation and analytical theory have played an important role. Recent progress in understanding the dynamic assembly of active colloids by using numerical and analytical tools is reviewed, including progress in understanding the motility induced phase separation in the past decade, followed by discussion on the effect of shape anisotropy and hydrodynamics on the dynamic assembly of active colloids.
Fatigue‐Free Aurivillius Phase Ferroelectric Thin Films with Ultrahigh Energy Storage Performance
Authors: Pan Zhongbin , Wang Peng , Hou Xu , Yao Lingmin , Zhang Guangzu , Wang Jie , Liu Jinjun , Shen Meng , Zhang Yujing , Jiang Shenglin , Zhai Jiwei , Wang Qing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDielectric capacitors have become a key enabling technology for electronics and electrical systems. Although great strides have been made in the development of ferroelectric ceramic and thin films for capacitors, much less attention has been given to preventing polarization fatigue, while improving the energy density, of ferroelectrics. Here superior capacitive properties and outstanding stability are reported over 107 charge/discharge cycles and a wide temperature range of −60 to 200 °C of ferroelectric Aurivillius phase Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12‐BiFeO3 (BLT‐BFO), which represents one of the best capacitive performances recorded for the ferroelectric materials. The modification of BLT thin films with BFO overcomes the constraints of ferroelectric Aurivillius compounds and presents an unprecedented combination of the ideal features including improved polarization, reduced ferroelectric hysteresis, and lowered leakage current for high‐energy‐density capacitors. Given the lead‐free and fatigue‐free nature of this Aurivillius phase ferroelectric, this work unveils a new approach towards high‐performance eco‐friendly ferroelectric materials for electrical energy storage applications.