bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
YOUNG ADULTS STEREOTYPE OLDER SPEAKERS WHO ADOPTED A POWER POSE AS LESS COMPETENT COMPARED TO SUBMISSIVE OR CONTROL
Authors: Turner Jennifer R , Stanley Jennifer T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Young adults (YA) frequently endorse age stereotypes (Levy, 2009). We examined whether older adult (OA) speakers influenced by embodied-cognition (“power posing”; Cuddy et al., 2015) would reduce YAs’ stereotype-related judgments. Following the Stereotype Content Model (SCM; Fiske et al., 2002), we hypothesized that OA who held a power pose prior to giving their speech would be rated as higher in Competency, Performance, and Electability, but not Warmth. Sixty-three YA viewed and rated 9 videos of OA performing speeches after modeling a pose (power, submissive, control). Within-subjects ANOVAs revealed embodiment condition differences for Performance (F2,124 = 207.76, ηp2 = .77). For ratings of Performance, speakers in the power condition were judged worse than either submissive or control (ps &lt; .001). For Warmth ratings, power (M = 4.81, SD = .62) was worse than control (M = 5.07, SD = .89, p = .003, d = .34), but submissive (M = 4.97, SD = .87) was not significantly different from either group. These results suggest that YA may judge the Performance and Warmth of OA who adopted a power pose harsher because OA are not supposed to be powerful or adopt expansive postures (consistent with the SCM). In comparison, YA may be drawing upon the Representativeness Heuristic of OA in positions of power (e.g., Senators) when rating Electability and Competence.
DETERMINING THE PREVALENCE OF SARCOPENIA IN AN INPATIENT GERIATRIC POPULATION USING EWGSOP2 OR FNIH DEFINITIONS
Authors: Scholl Matthew M , Volpi Elena , Deer Rachel R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sarcopenia has been recognized as a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder leading to loss of strength, muscle mass, and function. It is associated with an increased likelihood of adverse outcomes like falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality. International consensus groups continue providing new definitions and clinical cut-off points despite over a decade of work in this area. Thus, the purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia using two of the most current operational definitions (Foundation of NIH Sarcopenia Project (FNIH) and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Persons 2 (EWGSOP2)). Our cohort of acutely hospitalized older adults was formed from combining data from two randomized controlled trials and one cross-sectional observational study. Testing during hospitalization included measures of: demographics, body composition (DEXA), physical function tests, psychological wellbeing and independence questionnaires, and chart review. These were used to analyze the cohort according to three main groupings of low physical performance, low muscle strength, and low lean mass. We compared multiple tests and cutoffs for each of the three groupings under the FNIH and EWGSOP2 definitions, which varied 3% for low lean mass up to 48% for tests of low physical performance. After examining the efficacy of each cutoff, we evaluated the differences between FNIH and EWGSOP2. In our cohort, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 15.79% by EWGSOP2 and 13.59% by FNIH. The groupings within FNIH and EWGSOP2 were found to be near identical across almost all measures despite the definitions’ discrepancies in cutoff points.
THE PREVALENCE OF ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION AMONG HOSPITALIZED OLDER ADULTS AT RISK FOR FALLING
Authors: Lyons Denise L , Schell Kathleen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Orthostatic hypotension (OH) may cause falls in hospitalized older adults. OH is a sustained drop of at least 20 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure or at least 10 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure when changing position from supine to sitting, sitting to standing, or supine to standing. A recent systematic review revealed an inconsistent relationship between OH and falls. Orthostatic vital signs (OVS) measurement is often included in fall prevention initiatives. Some experts suggest that the time required to collect OVS and the possibility of measurement inaccuracy by nurses make this bedside screening unnecessary. The study aims were to determine: 1) the prevalence of OH, 2) if those older adults with documented OH experienced falls, and 3) the influence of medications known to be associated with OH and falls. Medication categories included antihypertensives, dopamine agonists, antipsychotics and antidepressants. A retrospective chart review was conducted on a convenience sample of 8,474 older adults on two Acute Care of the Elderly units at a large health system in the mid-Atlantic between 2015 and 2018. Results were determined using contingency tables and Chi-square analysis. More complex relationships were pursued using log linear models. The overall OH prevalence was 46.9% at some point during their hospital stay. Over the three years, 68 patients of whom 62% were hypotensive (p=.034). There was no statistical association of OH with medications or co-morbidities. The results demonstrate that although prevalent in almost half of this sample, orthostatic hypotension did not lead to falls.
THE IMPACT OF NEIGHBORHOOD CONNECTEDNESS ON LIFE SATISFACTION AND SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCES ACROSS THREE AGE GROUPS.
Authors: Fogle Stephen J , Kelly Christopher M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study operationalized the third dimension of Rowe & Khan’s Successful Aging model, social engagement, as neighborhood connectedness. We examined 2820 older adults in the MIDUS III dataset to assess the impact of neighborhood connectedness on life satisfaction and daily spiritual experiences. A composite scale for neighborhood connectedness (Cronbach = .745) was created. Linear regression analysis was undertaken for life satisfaction on daily spiritual experience, neighborhood connectedness, neighborhood environment and age controlling for gender, co-habitation, income, and disability. Regression analysis was also conducted for daily spiritual experience on the same variables. Analysis for each outcome variable was run three times to explore changes across three age groups of older adults (55-69, 70-85, and 86-100). Results of regression analysis found frequency of daily spiritual experience was a substantial and significant predictor of life satisfaction for all age groups (β= .211, β= .191, β= .208) Additionally, regression analysis revealed a higher level of neighborhood connectedness was the most powerful predictor of daily spiritual experience across all age groups (β= .329, β= .312, β= .327) This study demonstrates the applicability of operationalizing the Successful Aging model’s social engagement dimension as neighborhood connectedness. This study also contributes evidence of the impact of daily spiritual experience on life satisfaction. Finally, the study supplies promising new evidence linking neighborhood connectedness with spiritual well-being.
MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF A CYCLING PROGRAM ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF OLDER ADULTS LIVING IN LONG TERM CARE
Authors: Cotnam Victoria , Zecevic Aleksandra 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cycling Without Age (CWA) is a program offered in long-term care (LTC) homes around the world that allows older adults who are unable to ride a bicycle the pleasure of a bike ride again. Two residents sit in the front bench seat of a trishaw, and a volunteer bike pilot pedals the bike. A variety of anecdotal benefits have been reported and no study has rigorously measured the effects of this program. The purpose of this research is to measure the effects of the CWA program on happiness and quality of life of LTC home residents, through observation of an existing program in a Canadian LTC home. A total of 24 residents were purposefully recruited in a biking group (n=23) who were biked twice a week for 12 weeks, and a strolls group (n=16) who went for outdoors walks or wheelchair rides for the same period of time. Data on pain, cognition, social engagement, and aggressive behaviour was harvested from the Resident-Assessment Instrument – Minimum Data Set (RAI-MDS). Happiness was measured pre and post all bike rides and strolls using a visual analogue scale, and the LTC QoL assessment was used to assess QOL. Findings show that biking group scored higher on happiness after bike rides compared to before, as well as compared to strolls. Bike group QOL scores are higher at the end of the 12 weeks than were strolls group. In summary, CWA shows potential to increase QOL and happiness of residents living in LTC.
KEY LEARNING FOR TWELVE UNECOM MEDICAL STUDENTS IMMERSED FOR 48 HOURS IN AN ACUTE CARE HOSPICE HOME DURING 2017-18
Authors: Tamimie Emily , Gugliucci Marilyn R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Most US medical schools are not able to provide practical experiences in end-of-life or palliative care. The University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine Learning by Living 48 Hour Hospice Home Immersion (HHI) Project provides intense learning for second through fourth year medical students. Students are immersed into an acute care 18-bed in-patient hospice home for 48 hours to provide patient care, family support, and post-mortem. Students work with an Interprofessional staff team and independently. Methods: The HHI utilizes qualitative ethnographic/autobiographic research designs. Two key research questions include: (1) What is it like for ME to live in the Hospice Home for 48 hours? and (2) What will I take from this experience to my future as a practitioner?” Each student writes a journal during the three research stages; pre-fieldwork; fieldwork; post-fieldwork. Twelve 2nd year medical student journals randomly selected from 2017-18 immersions (N=24) were analyzed 5/2019-7/2019. Detailed qualitative manual and content analysis utilizing established interrater-reliability procedures were conducted on 300+ pages of data (UNECOM Morgane Student Research Fellowship). Results: Of the many themes identified, three key themes were notable for all 12 students for question one: Religion/Spirituality; Acceptance; and Reactions to Death. Key takeaways for question two included being: (a) able to have conversations about death; (b) at peace with death; (c) present with death, and knowing death is a part of life. Conclusion: Each student experienced his/her immersion differently, but all expressed this was a life-altering project providing critical education on hospice and end-of life care.
HOW ARE SOCIAL ISOLATION AND LONELINESS RELATED TO COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING AMONG CHINESE OLDER ADULTS?
Authors: Yang Rumei , Wang Haocen , Tracy Eunjin L , Edelman Linda S , Sward Katherine , Demiris George , Donaldson Gary 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Older adults have increased risk of social isolation, loneliness, and cognitive functioning decline, but the relationships among these factors are not conclusive. We used the 2011 and 2012 waves of the harmonized China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study to: 1) measure the association between social isolation and cognitive functioning among Chinese older adults within their cultural context, and 2) investigate the potential mediation mechanism of loneliness on this association. Specifically, we applied a multiple indicator multiple cause approach to determine whether the construct of social isolation is well defined by four indicators (social activity engagement, weekly adult children contact, caregiving for grandchildren, and living alone). We used structural equation modeling to examine the direct and indirect effects among variables of interest. The results demonstrated that three indicators of social isolation were significantly associated with cognitive functioning (β =-0.26 to -0.28, all ps&lt;0.05). The indirect effect of social isolation on cognitive functioning through loneliness was significant (β = -0.15, p&lt;0.05), indicating loneliness was an important mediator. After controlling for the indirect effect of loneliness, the direct effect of social isolation on cognitive functioning remained significant (β =-0.83, p&lt;0.05), suggesting a partial mediation effect. Our study confirms that social isolation contributes to cognitive functioning decline among Chinese older adults and that loneliness plays a mediating role. The findings suggest maintaining social relations and coping with feelings of loneliness are beneficial to older adults’ cognitive functioning.
SEX IN NURSING HOMES? A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF INTERVIEWS WITH COMMUNITY-DWELLING ADULTS
Authors: Spalding Rachael , Katz Emma , Edelstein Barry 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Most older adults living in long-term care settings (LTCs) indicate that expressing their sexuality is important to them (Doll, 2013). However, negative views of late-life sexuality persist in the United States (Robinson & Molzahn, 2007), particularly among nursing staff in LTCs. Staff often express discomfort regarding residents’ sexual lives (Bouman, Arcelus, & Benbow, 2007), despite the fact that LTCs are residents’ homes where private behaviors such as sexual activity might be expected to occur. Little is known about the general public’s attitudes towards sexual behaviors in LTCs. Attitudes of LTC residents’ family members is particularly important, as they are most likely to visit residents and to care about their quality of life, in turn informing facility policies and management. In this study, we took preliminary steps toward gathering this information by focusing on attitudes of community-dwelling adults. Using an iterative approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with community-dwelling adults (n = 9; age range = 18 – 65 years) regarding their beliefs about romantic relationships and sexual behaviors among LTC residents. Major themes were identified through thematic content analysis. Participants indicated favorable attitudes towards residents’ sexual expression as a means of combatting loneliness and fostering emotional intimacy. Other themes included residents’ rights to privacy, potential risks of sexual behavior, and the need to consider how individuals may differ in their ability to consent to sexual activity. This data is intended to inform the development of a measurement tool for use with LTC residents’ family members.
EASILY ACCESSIBLE EVALUATIVE INFORMATION COULD FACILITATE OLDER ADULTS’ (BUT NOT ALL) TRUSTWORTHINESS JUDGEMENT
Authors: Chen Linlin , Zhang Xin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Facial appearance served great function in social interactions, especially for older adults in making trustworthiness judgements. Previous literatures have consistently shown that when making trustworthiness judgements older adults tended to rely more on facial cues rather than behaviors, due to declines in cognition. However, one question remains unsolved, whether older adults could make accurate trustworthiness judgements if evaluative information (with minimal memory load) is easily accessible. Sixty younger adults (YAs) and sixty older adults (OAs) were recruited, and asked to make investment decisions for different brokers in ninety-six trials. In each trial, brokers’ facial appearance (trustworthy and untrustworthy looking) and different behavioral evaluative information (good: Ninety percent positive evaluations, neutral: Fifty percent positive evaluations, bad: Ninety percent negative evaluations) were displayed simultaneously on screen to facilitate investment decisions. Brokers’ facial appearances and behaviors were set to be independent to each other. The results indicated that YAs’ and the majority of OAs’ proportions of correct investment increase, gradually reaching a stable high correction rate, although OAs needed more trials than did YAs. The findings extended prior work by suggesting that both OAs and YAs had similar abilities to distinguish different brokers according to easily accessible evaluative information. However, and surprisingly, a small subgroup of OAs (with low economic status) still had a lower correction rate even after ninety-six trials, suggesting that they could not distinguish brokers based on their evaluations at all, who might be at risk for fraud.
LANGUAGE DIFFERENCE AS A PREDICTOR OF OUTPATIENT FOLLOW-UP AMONG MIDLIFE SPANISH-SPEAKING PATIENTS
Authors: Jimenez Daniel , Figiel Steven , Moxley Jerad , Radusky Pablo , Durand Dante 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine if psychiatrists’ level of Spanish proficiency impacts patient adherence with follow-up mental health care. We hypothesize that increased Spanish proficiency will increase the likelihood of follow up mental health care. Data were collected via retrospective chart review of Spanish-speaking patients at an adult outpatient center. Our final sample included 201 patients with an average age of 46.5 years. Spanish speaking ability of the clinician was categorized using the standard set by the US Census bureau. The dependent variable of presence or absence of follow-up was dichotomized to whether or not the patient came back for a visit within 6 months of initial evaluation. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for each independent variable. Results indicate that Spanish proficiency significantly predicted a follow-up visit. Additionally, patients who were married and those who received psychotherapy were more likely to have a repeat visit. The significance of these results lies in that most research up to date has focused on the English proficiency of the patient as a factor for decreased use of mental health services. Although, effective strategies have been designed to reduce the language barrier in mental health care, Spanish-speaking patients still express a strong preference for bilingual providers. These results may allow identifying which patients are at higher risk of not adhering with follow-up visits. This provides a possibility to anticipate and prevent dropouts from treatment and to implement strategies to support patients that experience a greater burden of social and psychiatric disadvantages.
FALL PREVENTION PROGRAMS FOR RURAL COMMUNITY DWELLING OLDER ADULTS RESULTS IN IMPROVED BALANCE
Authors: McAtee Robin E , Chernoff Ronni , Packard Kathryn , Thomasson Whitney , Spradley Laura , Mercado Cynthia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
More than one in four older adults (OA) in the US fall each year and 20 to 30% suffer moderate to severe injuries such as head trauma or hip fractures. Falls are both a medical and financial burden that can be significantly reduced by lifestyle interventions. One of the main strategies to help reduce these statistics is evidence-based fall prevention classes which help to build muscle, improve balance, and increase participants’ confidence in fall control. A goal of the Arkansas Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program (HRSA grant U1QHP28723) is to deliver community-based programs that improve health outcomes and quality of life. Evidence-based preventive health training is a major way to meet this goal. Two of these evidence-based trainings are Tai Chi (TC) and A Matter of Balance (AMOB), multi-week classes that help to improve balance and reduce fall risk. This study took place at scheduled community-based classes, where demographic and balance data were obtained. The aim was to determine the difference in the balance of community-dwelling OA as measured by Balance Tracking System® before and after AMOB and TC courses. Both groups showed positive changes in their mean balance percentage with the AMOB class having a higher Mean ± SD (24.3 ± 21.0) vs. the TC participants (4.0 ± 29.7). The One-Way Analysis of Variance showed statistically significant difference in the AMOB class over those in the TC class, F (1, 32) = 5.280, p &lt; 0.05. The Cohen’s d = 0.789 indicates a large effect between the two groups.
PEER TO PEER SUPPORT AND HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Jacobs Elizabeth A , Schwei Rebecca , Hetzel Scott , Mahoney Jane , Kim KyungMann 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The majority of older adults want to live and age in their communities. Some community-based organizations (CBOs) have initiated peer-to-peer support services to promote aging in place but the effectiveness of these programs is not clear. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness of a community-designed and implemented peer-to-peer support program vs. access to standard community services, in promoting health and wellness in vulnerable older adult populations. We partnered with three CBOs, one each in California, Florida, and New York, to enroll adults 65 &gt; years of age who received peer support and matched control participants (on age, gender, and race/ethnicity) in an observational study. We followed participants over 12 months, collecting data on self-reported urgent care and emergency department visits and hospitalizations. In order to account for the lack of randomization, we used a propensity score method to compare outcomes between the two groups. We enrolled 222 older adults in the peer-to-peer group and 234 in the control group. After adjustment, we found no differences between the groups in the incidence of hospitalization, urgent and emergency department visits, and composite outcome of any health care utilization. The incidence of urgent care visits was statistically significantly greater in the standard community service group than in the peer-to-peer group. Given that the majority of older adults and their families want them to age in place, the question of how to do this is highly relevant. Peer-to-peer services may provide some benefit to older adults in regard to their health care utilization.
MINDFULNESS TRAINING FOR CAREGIVERS OF ALZHEIMER PATIENTS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Pomares Miriam Hurtado , Canales Daniel Mendialdua , Gómez Paula Peral , Sempere Cristina Espinosa , Leal Iris Juárez , Gran Desireé Valera , Muñoz Eva Mª Navarrete , Pérez Alicia Sánchez 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mindfulness Based Health Care (MBHC) provides meditation techniques that may help to mitigate negative impact of dementia caregiving. We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial with two parallel groups including 42 caregivers of Alzheimer patients (21 pairs). MBHC group learned the practice of mindfulness meditation once a week through 8 classes; control group did not receive any therapy. Anxiety and depression symptoms were the primary outcomes assessed in two occasions, i.e. at baseline and the end of the program, using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale respectively. Neuropsychiatric disorders of Alzheimer patients were also measured with Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire. The details of the randomized controlled trial were described in clinicaltrial.gov NCT03858283. In this abstract, we presented the results of a pilot study conducted with 42 caregivers. Robust linear regression using MM-type estimator was performed to evaluate the changes in neuropsychiatric disorders in patients and anxiety and depression symptoms in caregivers adjusting for Score of Scale Global Deterioration. We observed that, compared to the control group, the MBHC group showed a tendency to a reduction in the total score Neuropsychiatric Inventor (β=-5.20; CI 95%: -10.47; 0.07) and the depression symptoms in the caregivers (β=-2.30; CI 95%: -5.43; 0.83). However, no changes were observed in the anxiety symptoms of the caregivers. In conclusion, the results of this pilot study suggested a positive effective on the reduction of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patents as well as on the depression in the caregivers. Nevertheless, these findings should be confirmed in a further complete study.