bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endogenous production of specific flavonoids and verbascoside in agar and agitated microshoot cultures of Scutellaria lateriflora L. and biotransformation potential
Authors: Kawka Beata , Kwiecień Inga , Ekiert Halina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMethanolic extracts of microshoots from agar cultures and of microshoots and media from agitated cultures of Scutellaria lateriflora grown on identical five variants of the Murashige-Skoog (MS) and Linsmaier-Skoog (LS) media with different 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) concentrations (0.5–3.0 mg/l) were analyzed for flavonoids (27 compounds), phenylpropanoid glycosides (2 compounds) and phenolic acids (19 compounds) using the DAD-HPLC method. The amounts of individual compounds and total amounts of the above mentioned metabolite groups in the biomass from both types of the tested cultures were dependent on the composition of basal media and concentrations of BA and NAA in the media variants. In media extracts, no metabolites were confirmed. Higher total amounts of flavonoids were obtained in agar cultures (max. 722.04 and 2989.55 mg/100 g DW on MS and LS media variants, respectively), which were 1.1 and 1.7 times higher, respectively, than in agitated cultures. In both types of cultures, glycosidic conjugates: baicalin and wogonoside were the main flavonoids (max. amounts: 513.93 and 1838.18 mg/100 g DW, and 305.92 and 700.85 mg/100 g DW in agar cultures on MS and LS variants, respectively). High amounts of verbascoside in agar cultures were also confirmed (max. 384.99 and 543.17 mg/100 g DW on MS and LS media variants, respectively). The cells grown in agitated cultures converted exogenous precursors, i.e. hydroquinone (HQ) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBAc) into arbutin (β-d-glucoside of HQ). The highest amount of this product reached 5.63 and 1.45 g/100 g DW after the addition of these two precursors, respectively. This is the first large-scale report documenting in vitro biosynthetic potential of Scutellaria lateriflora microshoots cultivated in two tested culture.
Profiles of fungal metabolites including regulated mycotoxins in individual dried Turkish figs by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Sulyok Michael , Krska Rudolf , Senyuva Hamide 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFungal metabolites including regulated mycotoxins were identified by a validated LC-MS/MS method in 180 individual Turkish dried figs from 2017 and 2018 harvests. Hand-selected dried figs were subjectively classified based on the extent of fluorescence. Forty-three fungal metabolites including eight EU-regulated mycotoxins were identified and quantified. Figs classified as being uncontaminated mostly did not contain aflatoxins above 1 μg/kg. Despite being “uncontaminated” from an aflatoxin perspective, kojic acid was present in significant quantities with a maximum level of 3750 mg/kg (0.375% w/w) and tenuazonic acid was also found (2 μg/kg to 298 mg/kg) in some figs. Notable in the screening of figs has been the presence of significant amounts of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in figs also containing significant levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is the first time that AFM1 has been reported as naturally occurring in dried figs.
Key indicators for monitoring food system disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from Bangladesh towards effective response
Authors: Amjath-Babu T. S. , Krupnik Timothy J. , Thilsted Shakuntala H. , McDonald Andrew J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the context of developing countries, early evidence suggests that the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food production systems is complex, heterogenous, and dynamic. As such, robust monitoring of the impact of the health crisis and containment measures across agricultural value chains will likely prove vitally important. With Bangladesh as a case study, we discuss the building blocks of a comprehensive monitoring system for prioritizing and designing interventions that respond to food system disruptions from COVID-19 and preemptively avoid further cascading negative effects. We also highlight the need for parallel research that identifies pathways for enhancing information flow, analysis, and action to improve the efficiency and reliability of input and output value chains. In aggregate, this preliminary work highlights the building blocks of resilient food systems to external shocks such as COVID-19 pandemic in the context of developing nations. In doing so, we call attention to the importance of ‘infection safe’ agricultural input and output distribution logistics, extended social safety nets, adequate credit facilities, and innovative labor management tools alongside, appropriate farm mechanization. In addition, digital extension services, circular nutrient flows, enhanced storage facilities, as well as innovative and robust marketing mechanisms are required. These should be considered in parallel with effective international trade management policies and institutions as crucial supportive measures.
Predictions of elemental composition of coal and biomass from their proximate analyses using ANFIS, ANN and MLR
Authors: Lawal Abiodun Ismail , Aladejare Adeyemi Emman , Onifade Moshood , Bada Samson , Idris Musa Adebayo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe elemental composition of coal and biomass provides significant parameters used in the design of almost all energy conversion systems and projects. The laboratory tests to determine the elemental composition of coal and biomass is time-consuming and costly. However, limited research has suggested that there is a correlation between parameters obtained from elemental and proximate analyses of these materials. In this study, some predictive models of the elemental composition of coal and biomass using soft computing and regression analyses have been developed. Thirty-one samples including parameters of elemental and proximate analyses were used during the analyses to develop multiple prediction models. Dependent variables for multiple prediction models were selected as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Using volatile matter, fixed carbon, moisture and ash contents as independent variables, three different prediction models were developed for each dependent parameter using ANFIS, ANN, and MLR. In addition, a routine for selecting the best predictive model was suggested in the study. The reliability of the established models was tested by using various prediction performance indices and the models were found to be satisfactory. Therefore, the developed models can be used to determine the elemental composition of coal and biomass for practical purposes.
Speed and concentration of the covering time for structured coupon collectors
Authors: Falgas-Ravry Victor , Larsson Joel , Markström Klas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLetVbe ann-set, and letXbe a random variable taking values in the power-set ofV. Suppose we are given a sequence of random coupons$X_1, X_2, \ldots $, where the$X_i$are independent random variables with distribution given byX. The covering timeTis the smallest integer$t\geq 0$such that$\bigcup_{i=1}^t X_i=V$. The distribution ofTis important in many applications in combinatorial probability, and has been extensively studied. However the literature has focused almost exclusively on the case whereXis assumed to be symmetric and/or uniform in some way.In this paper we study the covering time for much more general random variablesX; we give general criteria forTbeing sharply concentrated around its mean, precise tools to estimate that mean, as well as examples whereTfails to be concentrated and when structural properties in the distribution ofXallow for a very different behaviour ofTrelative to the symmetric/uniform case.
The Nigerian Bioinformatics and Genomics Network (NBGN): a collaborative platform to advance bioinformatics and genomics in Nigeria
Authors: Fatumo Segun , Ebenezer ThankGod E. , Ekenna Chinwe , Isewon Itunuoluwa , Ahmad Umar , Adetunji Charles , Oladipo Elijah Kolawole , Adebiyi Marion , Adebiyi Ezekiel , Nashiru Oyekanmi ,   The Nigerian Bioinformatics and Genomics Network
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Africa plays a central importance role in the human origins, and disease susceptibility, agriculture and biodiversity conservation. Nigeria as the most populous and most diverse country in Africa, owing to its 250 ethnic groups and over 500 different native languages is imperative to any global genomic initiative. The newly inaugurated Nigerian Bioinformatics and Genomics Network (NBGN) becomes necessary to facilitate research collaborative activities and foster opportunities for skills’ development amongst Nigerian bioinformatics and genomics investigators. NBGN aims to advance and sustain the fields of genomics and bioinformatics in Nigeria by serving as a vehicle to foster collaboration, provision of new opportunities for interactions between various interdisciplinary subfields of genomics, computational biology and bioinformatics as this will provide opportunities for early career researchers. To provide the foundation for sustainable collaborations, the network organises conferences, workshops, trainings and create opportunities for collaborative research studies and internships, recognise excellence, openly share information and create opportunities for more Nigerians to develop the necessary skills to exceed in genomics and bioinformatics. NBGN currently has attracted more than 650 members around the world. Research collaborations between Nigeria, Africa and the West will grow and all stakeholders, including funding partners, African scientists, researchers across the globe, physicians and patients will be the eventual winners. The exponential membership growth and diversity of research interests of NBGN just within weeks of its establishment and the unanticipated attendance of its activities suggest the significant importance of the network to bioinformatics and genomics research in Nigeria.
Disentangling the evolutionary and biogeographical history of the freshwater fish trematode genus Creptotrema (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) using an integrative taxonomy approach: the case of Creptotrema agonostomi in Middle American mountain mullets
Authors: Pérez-Ponce de León G. , Sereno-Uribe A.L. , García-Varela M. , Mendoza-Garfias B. , Hernández-Mena D.I. , Pinacho-Pinacho C.D. , Choudhury A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Species of the allocreadiid genus Creptotrema are parasites of freshwater fishes in the Americas. Species in the genus possess one pair of muscular oral lobes on the oral sucker. Currently, the genus contains eight species, six distributed in South America, one in Middle America and one in North America. Genetic data are only available for the North American species, Creptotrema funduli, a parasite of fundulids originally described from Oneida Lake, New York State. In this study, we obtained 28S ribosomal DNA sequences of trematodes morphologically similar to Creptotrema agonostomi from the mountain mullet, Dajaus monticola, across a wide geographical range in Middle America. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses showed that (1) the genus Creptotrema, as currently conceived, is not monophyletic; (2) the allocreadiids in mountain mullets should be re-allocated in the genus Pseudoparacreptotrema; and (3) the allocreadiid trematodes from D. monticola across Middle America represent four morphologically similar species, three of which can be distinguished genetically. These three new species are described herein using an integrative taxonomy approach. We contend that accurate estimates of species diversity and phylogenetic relationships among allocreadiids, and most likely other species of trematodes, necessarily require an integrative taxonomy approach that should consider at least DNA sequences and scanning electron microscopy.
Longitudinal effects of maltreatment, intimate partner violence, and Reminiscing and Emotion Training on children's diurnal cortisol regulation
Authors: Valentino Kristin , Hibel Leah C , Speidel Ruth , Fondren Kaitlin , Ugarte Elisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDysregulation in children's physiological stress systems is a key process linking early adversity to poor health and psychopathology. Thus, interventions that improve children's stress physiology may help prevent deleterious health outcomes. Reminiscing and Emotion Training (RET) is a brief relational intervention designed to improve maternal caregiving support by enhancing maltreating mothers’ capacity to reminisce with their young children. This study evaluated associations between maltreatment, intimate partner violence, and the RET intervention with changes in children's diurnal cortisol regulation across the 1 year following the intervention, and the extent to which improvements in maternal elaborative reminiscing differed between intervention groups and mediated change in children's physiological functioning. Participants were 237 children (aged 36 to 86 months) and their mothers. Results indicated that the RET intervention was associated with significant positive change in elaborative reminiscing, which was sustained over time. Mothers’ elaboration immediately after the intervention served as a mediator of RET's effects on improvements in children's diurnal cortisol regulation (steeper diurnal slopes) from baseline to 1 year following intervention. This suggests RET is effective in facilitating physiological regulation among maltreated children.
Sexual response in obsessive–compulsive disorder: the role of obsessive beliefs
Authors: Pozza Andrea , Marazziti Donatella , Mucci Federico , Angelo Nicole L. , Prestia Davide , Dèttore Davide 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSexual response in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) research and practice is overlooked. According to the Dual Control Model, satisfactory sexual response is based upon a balance of sexual excitation and inhibition. The assessment of sexual response in OCD may have clinical implications, such as the integration of sex therapy in psychotherapeutic intervention. The present study was aimed at comparing sexual excitation and inhibition levels between OCD patients and matched control subjects, and investigating whether obsessive beliefs might predict sexual excitation/inhibition.MethodsSeventy-two OCD patients (mean age ± standard deviation [SD]: 34.50 ± 10.39 years) and 72 matched control subjects (mean age ± SD: 34.25 ± 10.18) were included (62.50% men and 37.50% women in both groups). The Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-46 (OBQ-46), and the Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales (SIS/SES) were administered.ResultsPatients with OCD showed significantly higher levels of sexual excitation, inhibition due to threat of performance failure, and inhibition due to threat of performance consequences than the controls. In addition, the patients with more severe symptoms showed lower excitation than those with less severe symptoms, and those with higher perfectionism had stronger inhibition due to threat of performance failure than those with lower perfectionism.ConclusionsThis is the first study exploring sexual response in OCD according to the Dual Control Model. Sexual response is an impaired quality of life outcome in OCD that should be assessed in routine clinical practice. These findings support the importance of addressing specific obsessive beliefs to improve sexuality in OCD patients.
PROTECTED REASONS AND PRECEDENTIAL CONSTRAINT
Authors: Mullins Robert 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTAccording to the prioritized reason model of precedent, precedential constraint is explained in terms of the need for decision-makers to reconcile their decisions with a settled priority order extracted from past cases. The prioritized reason model of precedent departs from the view that common law rules comprise protected reasons for action. In this article I show that a model utilizing protected reasons and the prioritized reason model of precedential constraint are, in an important sense, equivalent. I then offer some reflections on the philosophical significance of this result. I argue that the protected reason model is consistent with the phenomenology of precedential constraint. I suggest an account of precedential reasoning that reconciles the prioritized reason and protected reason models.
Found in translation: the global constitution of the modern international order
Authors: Heiskanen Jaakko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper brings the notion of translation into dialogue with the growing literature on international hierarchies and the historical origins of the modern international order. Leveraging on the writings of Karl Marx, I draw parallels between the exchange of commodities and the translation of linguistic signs in order to unmask the inequalities and asymmetries that pervade the practice of translation. I then deploy these theoretical insights to illuminate the global constitution of the modern international order. In this Marx-inspired reading, the modern international order is cast as the ‘universal equivalent’ that has crystallized out of the asymmetries and contradictions that pervaded the global political economy of conceptual exchange in the long 19thcentury. As universal equivalent, the modern international order effectively functions as the socially recognized ‘metalanguage’ that undergirds the miracle of global translatability and makes international/interlingual relations possible on a global scale. The paper concludes by considering the implications of the analysis for the future of international/interlingual hierarchies and world order.
Analytical solution of higher order modes of a dielectric-lined eccentric coaxial cable
Authors: Gholizadeh Mehdi , Hojjat Kashani Farrokh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study provides an analytic method for the calculation of the cutoff frequencies and waveguide modes of a partially filled eccentric coaxial cable. The method is based on the expressions of the involved electromagnetic fields in bipolar coordinate systems and the validity range of the solution is discussed. It is shown how the waveguide geometry and dielectric parameters may be selected to engineer the lined waveguide's spectral response. Numerical results are included which show good agreement with the corresponding results from full-wave simulations by commercial software.
Flying Solo
Authors: Irwin Amy , Sedlar Nejc , Hamlet Oliver 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The paper examines general aviation (GA) pilot risk perception and decision-making via an online vignette study. GA is a high-risk area of aviation with many GA accidents considered to be the result of pilot performance rather than mechanical failure. Pilots ( n = 101) were presented with 12 go/no-go take-off decision scenarios across four risk categories (compromised performance, environment, faulty equipment, missing equipment). Scenarios depicting a missing checklist, missing sunglasses, and stress were considered less risky than illness, a faulty airspeed indicator (ASI), and a broken seatbelt. Pilots weighed their take-off decisions against mitigating factors, protective measures, and flight parameters. Situation awareness training and a focus on pre-flight planning may help to enhance flight safety within this group.
COVID‐19 Pandemic Imperils Weather Forecast
Authors: Chen Ying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWeather forecasts play essential parts in economic activity. Assimilation of meteorological observations from aircraft improves forecasts greatly. However, global lockdown during the COVID‐19 pandemic (March to May 2020) has eliminated 50‐75% aircraft observations and imperiled weather forecasting. Here, we verify global forecasts against reanalysis to quantify the impact of the pandemic. We find a large deterioration in forecasts of surface meteorology over regions with busy air flights, such as North America, southeast China, and Australia. Forecasts over remote regions are also substantially worse during March to May 2020 than 2017–2019, and the deterioration increases for longer‐term forecasts. This could handicap early warning of extreme weather and cause additional economic damage on the top of that from the pandemic. The impact over Western Europe is buffered by the high density of conventional observations, suggesting that introduction of new observations in data‐sparse regions would be needed to minimize the impact of global emergencies on weather forecasts.
Global Atmospheric Budget of Acetone: Air‐Sea Exchange and the Contribution to Hydroxyl Radicals
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Apel Eric C. , Schwantes Rebecca H. , Bates Kelvin H. , Jacob Daniel J. , Fischer Emily V. , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Hills Alan J. , Emmons Louisa K. , Pan Laura L. , Honomichl Shawn , Tilmes Simone , Lamarque Jean‐François , Yang Mingxi , Marandino Christa A. , Saltzman Eric S. , de Bruyn Warren , Kameyama Sohiko , Tanimoto Hiroshi , Omori Yuko , Hall Samuel R. , Ullmann Kirk , Ryerson Thomas B. , Thompson Chelsea R. , Peischl Jeff , Daube Bruce C. , Commane Róisín , McKain Kathryn , Sweeney Colm , Thames Alexander B. , Miller David O. , Brune William H. , Diskin Glenn S. , DiGangi Joshua P. , Wofsy Steven C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcetone is one of the most abundant oxygenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. The oceans impose a strong control on atmospheric acetone, yet the oceanic fluxes of acetone remain poorly constrained. In this work, the global budget of acetone is evaluated using two global models: CAM‐chem and GEOS‐Chem. CAM‐chem uses an online air‐sea exchange framework to calculate the bidirectional oceanic acetone fluxes, which is coupled to a data‐oriented machine‐learning approach. The machine‐learning algorithm is trained using a global suite of seawater acetone measurements. GEOS‐Chem uses a fixed surface seawater concentration of acetone to calculate the oceanic fluxes. Both model simulations are compared to airborne observations from a recent global‐scale, multiseasonal campaign, the NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom). We find that both CAM‐chem and GEOS‐Chem capture the measured acetone vertical distributions in the remote atmosphere reasonably well. The combined observational and modeling analysis suggests that (i) the ocean strongly regulates the atmospheric budget of acetone. The tropical and subtropical oceans are mostly a net source of acetone, while the high‐latitude oceans are a net sink. (ii) CMIP6 anthropogenic emission inventory may underestimate acetone and/or its precursors in the Northern Hemisphere. (iii) The MEGAN biogenic emissions model may overestimate acetone and/or its precursors, and/or the biogenic oxidation mechanisms may overestimate the acetone yields. (iv) The models consistently overestimate acetone in the upper troposphere‐lower stratosphere over the Southern Ocean in austral winter. (v) Acetone contributes up to 30–40% of hydroxyl radical production in the tropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere.