bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normas como princípios de ação e capacidade reflexiva: fundamentos para a compreensão da Razão Prática kantiana
Authors: Pereira Paulo Henrique Rodrigues 
Published: January 2020

RESUMOCríticos da teoria normativa legal têm discutido que essa linha de pensamento tem feito da racionalidade uma prática “causal”, na qual a agência apenas refletiria uma espécie de sentimentalismo, sendo assim excluída das potencialidades da razão. Para esses críticos, a teoria normativa legal expulsou a contingência da ação do escopo da razão. Como resultado, fez indivíduos perderem a capacidade de deliberar, e a prática legal se tornou um exercício formalista, informado pela moralidade dedutiva. Este trabalho discute alguns desses críticos, argumentando que parte de suas oposições advém de uma má compreensão de como regras funcionam na realidade. Toma do pensamento de Christine Korsgaard e Onora O’Neill, dentre outros, que argumentaram que premissas falhas acerca da funcionalidade de regras são uma das fontes de tal desentendimento. O artigo aborda esse debate de uma perspectiva kantiana, referindo-se ao imperativo categórico e à Terceira Crítica de Kant como fontes úteis para analisar a teoria normativa legal. O Imperativo Categórico Kantiano foi atacado por muitos moralistas nos últimos dois séculos por ser excessivamente formalista, assim como como incompatível com a razão prática em sua formulação clássica. Este trabalho pretende questionar essa interpretação, argumentando que a visão kantiana de agência e deliberação não a apoiam se interpretadas com a devida consideração a aspectos de sua arquitetura moral.PALAVRAS-CHAVEFilosofia do Direito. Teoria Normativa Legal. Kant. ABSTRACTCritics of normative legal theory have contended that this line of thought has turned rationality into a “causalist” practice, in which agency merely reflects sentimentality, being thus excluded from the potentialities of reason. For those critics, normative legal theory expelled the contingency of action from the scope of reason. As a result, the theory made individuals lose their capability to deliberate, and legal practice became a formalist exercise, informed by deductive morality. This paper discusses some of these critics, arguing that part of their contentions comes from a lack of understanding of how rules really work. It draws upon the thinking of Christine Korsgaard and Onora O ́Neill, among others, who have argued that flawed premises on the functionality of rules is one of the sources of such misunderstanding. The article approaches this debate from a Kantian perspective, referring to the categorical imperative and to Kant’s Third critique as useful resources to analyze normative legal theory. The Kantian categorical imperative has been attacked by many moralists in the last two centuries for being excessively formalist, as well as incompatible with practical reason in its classical formulation. This article intends to question this interpretation, arguing that Kant’s views on agency and deliberation do not support this view if interpreted with due consideration to broader aspects of his moral architecture.KEYWORDSPhilosophy of Law. Normative legal theory. Kant.
MEDIDAS TARIFÁRIAS E TÉCNICAS AO COMÉRCIO INTERNACIONAL: UM OLHAR SOBRE OS PAÍSES AVANÇADOS E EMERGENTES
Authors: Corrêa Carolina Rodrigues , Gomes Marilia Fernandes Maciel 
Published: January 2020

This study evaluates the adoption and impact of tariffs and technical measures for emerging and advanced countries. The results showed that tariffs are considerably higher in emerging countries, but the negative effect of these tariffs is more intense for advanced countries. With regard to technical measures, the ones that requires changes in the product tend to be facilitating trade, while that demanding changes in the production process have shown mixed results. Thus, despite the elevation of production costs, technical measures can facilitate trade due standardization, which makes universal harmonization of standards and regulations a benefit possible with broad international dialogue.
EXPERIÊNCIAS SUBNACIONAIS EM POLÍTICAS DE PROMOÇÃO DA INDÚSTRIA DE DEFESA: O CASO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Ambros Christiano Cruz 
Published: January 2020

This article has as its main objective to present initiatives of the Government of the State of Rio Grande do Sul for the promotion of the defense industry of Rio Grande do Sul in recent years. Subnational entities have an important role to play in strengthening the national defense industry and, through the formulation and implementation of well-defined public policies, are able to act as facilitators and catalysts for national initiatives at the local level. This article seeks to bring examples that demonstrate the various public policies that can be implemented by subnational entities in developed countries (Australia, Canada and France) and developing countries (South Africa, India and Mexico), comparing them with what has been done in the Brazilian case.
Sero-prevalence of toxoplasmosis and Role of Cathepsin L-like and Cathepsin B-like Genes as Risk Factors for Abnormal Pregnancy Outcome
Authors: Omer Noor meran , Alsakee Hadi M. A. 
Published: January 2020

Background and objectives: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a ubiquitous apicomplexan parasite. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii must invade host cells to survive and replicate. Five cathepsin proteases are encoded in the genome of T. gondii, cathepsin L like protein, cathepsin B like protein, and three cathepsin C like proteins. The present study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among women in Erbil, and to study the role of cathepsin B and cathepsin L genes in the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis as well as their role as risk factors for abnormal pregnancy outcome. Methods: This is a cross sectional study was carried out in Erbil from October 2018 to March 2019. A total of 230 women at their reproductive age and who attended Maternity Teaching Hospital and Nazdar Bamarni primary Health Center were enrolled. Anti- toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies were detected by cobas 6000. Toxoplasma cathepsin B and cathepsin L – like genes were selected to be targets in PCR. Results: Anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM were seropositive in 105 (45.7%) and 18 (7.8%) women, respectively. Of those women who were seropositive for toxoplasmosis, only 15(6.5%) of them were carrying both anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM. No significant association of toxoplasmosis and educational level, socioeconomic level, age, history of abortion, abnormal baby birth weight were observed. PCR targeting cathepsin L was more sensitive to be used in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Conclusion: Sero-prevalence of toxoplasmosis is relatively high in Erbil and cathepsin L gene is an efficient target for PCR and could be used as risk factor for abnormal pregnancy outcome.
Aktivitas Antimikroba Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Ceremai [Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels] terhadap Bakteri Resisten Antimikroba dan Jamur dengan Metode KLT Bioautografi
Authors: Mulqie Lanny , Anggadireja Kusnandar 
Published: January 2020

Resistensi dan toksisitas antimikroba menyebabkan penggunaan obat herbal sebagai alternatif pengobatan berbagai penyakit yang disebabkan oleh mikroba. Ekstrak etanol daun ceremai memiliki aktivitas terhadap VRE, MRCNS, dan Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba fraksi etil asetat daun ceremai terhadap bakteri resisten antimikroba [Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS), Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)] dan jamur uji (Candida albicans, Microsporum gypseum, dan Aspergillus niger) dengan metode KLT bioautografi. Fraksinasi dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi cair-cair menggunakan pelarut dengan tingkat kepolaran yang berbeda, yaitu n-heksan, etil asetat, dan air. KLT bioautografi pada fraksi etil asetat daun ceremai dilakukan menggunakan fase diam silika gel GF254 dan pengembang etil asetat-asam format-asam asetat-air (100:10:10:22), menggunakan sitroborat sebagai penampak bercak. Pada hasil kromatogram terdapat 5 noda yang berfluoresensi hijau kekuningan dengan nilai rf noda 1 sebesar 0,35; noda 2 sebesar 0,43, noda 3 sebesar 0,62, noda 4 sebesar 0,75 dan noda 5 sebesar 0,90 setelah plat disemprot oleh sitroborat dan dilihat di bawah sinar UV. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antimikroba dengan metode KLT bioautografi menunjukkan terbentuknya zona bening yang dihasilkan noda pada plat yang ditempelkan pada media. Fraksi etil asetat daun ceremai memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap bakteri resisten antimikroba (MRSA, MRCNS, dan VRE) dan jamur uji (Candida albicans, Microsporum gypseum, dan Aspergillus niger) yang dihasilkan oleh noda 1 (rf 0,35), noda 2 (rf 0,43), noda 3 (rf 0,62), noda 4 (rf 0,75), dan noda 5 (rf 0,90). Golongan senyawa yang diduga memiliki aktivitas antimikroba adalah flavonoid.
Effect of Azotobacter Application Method on Yield of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill) on Dry Land
Authors: Hindersah Reginawanti , Risanti Rara Rahmantika , Haikal Ibnu , Mahfud Yuliati , Nurlaeny Nenny , Rachmadi Meddy 
Published: January 2020

Biofertilizer which contain rhizobacteria Azotobacter increase soil fertility and improve plant growth through nitrogen fixation and phytohormone production. The objective of this study was to compare the responses of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill) plants in dry land after the application of several Azotobacter inoculation methods. Field experiments were carried out with a randomized block design consisting of five treatments with five replicates each. The treatments were seed inoculation, soil treatment before planting, soil treatment after planting and plant dressing. Plant inoculation with Azotobacter treated with half of recommended dosage urea while the control plant received recommended dose urea. The experimental results showed that all application methods did not affect soybean production, number of nodules, Azotobacter populations in the rhizosphere and N total soil; but Azotobacter inoculation through leaves increased N uptake and weight of 100 soybean seeds.
AN INVESTIGATION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TEACHERS’ CREATIVITY AND THE STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN LEARNING ENGLISH
Authors: Huriyah Shofiyatul 
Published: January 2020

This study was the investigation of relationship between teachers’ creativity and students’ motivation in learning English. The subjects were 112 students of the Eleventh grade of vocational school, OKU. The instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. The data were statistically analyzed by using SPSS program for percentage, frequency, mean score, standard deviation, t-test and correlation coefficient. The finding from this study indicated that the teachers’ creativity was categorized good level while the result of the students’ motivation in learning English showed that 73 students got high motivation level with percentage 66.71% and 38 students gained average motivation level with percentage 33.92%. It meant that most of the students had high motivation in learning English. The correlation coefficient was 0.786 and the correlation level of significance was 0.000<0.05. Therefore, there was positive relationship between the teachers’ creativity and the students’ motivation in learning English.
Comparative Histological Evaluation of the Fruit of Ribes nigrum and Ribes rubrum
Authors: Laczkó-Zöld Eszter , Komlósi Andrea , Varga Erzsébet , Papp Nóra 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To complete the wide range of studies on chemical composition and pharmacological potential of the fruit of Ribes nigrum and Ribes rubrum, this work aimed to perform a comparative morpho-anatomical characterization of the fruits of both species and complete previously records of black currant as frequently studied species. Microslides of fruits were made with rotation microtome, and then cross sections were stained with toluidine blue. Documentation and evaluation were carried out in microphotos. In R. rubrum, the epidermis cells are ovoid to round, while those of R. nigrum are rectangular to almost round. Under the epidermis, in both fruits, there are two layers of oval hypodermal cells. Underneath the hypodermal layers, parenchyma cells of different size with thin walls and scattered collateral closed bundles were detected. The seeds are embedded in a gelatinous sheath having large thin-walled cells. Endocarp separates the arillar tissue from parenchyma cells, in addition, a gap can be found among these layers, endocarp, arillar tissue, and seeds. The seed coat consists of sclerenchyma cells in both species. In conclusion, histological differences and similarities were described in the fruits of the selected Ribes species, highlighted the first morpho-anatomical description of the berry of Ribes rubrum.
Evaluation of Morphometric Parameters in Case of Leucojum vernum L. from the Peres Forest in Velyka Dobron Wildlife Reserve, Western Ukraine
Authors: Kohut Erzsébet , Kopor Zoltán , Nagy Béla , Csoma Zsuzsanna , Hadnagy István 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Leucojum vernum L. (Amaryllidaceae) is a bulbous geophyte from Central Europe known as medicinal and ornamental plant. Native population of this species can be found in the Peres Forest (parcels number 23-24) from Velyka Dobron Wildlife Reserve (Western Ukraine), monitored continuously since 2014. The aim of this study was the morphometric evaluation of the species and the chemistry analysis of the soil in which the species grow. According to our results the length of leaf sheath was the most variable parameter from the evaluated morphometric indicators (number of leaves, maximum leaf length and width, bract length, leaf sheath length, scape length, and bulb diameter). Correlations were found between maximum leaf length and scape length, but also between maximum leaf length and bract length. Soil chemistry analysis showed that the chemical properties of the soil are favorable for the studied plants. The soil pH was slightly acidic, the humus content and the supply of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen were high, and the amount of soluble P2O5 was moderate. Differences between the territories were found with respect to the soil agrochemical parameters.
Plant Aquaporins
Authors: Curticăpean Manuela-Claudia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This mini-review briefly presents the main types of plant aquaporins, highlighting their importance for different plant species and for plant cellular functions. Aquaporins (AQPs), families of water channel proteins (WCPs) are transmembrane proteins that are present in prokaryotes, animals, plants, and humans. The plant aquaporins are part of the Major Intrinsic Proteins (MIPs) family which resides in the following plant organs: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. According to the sub-cellular localization, to their sequence homologies and to their phylogenetic distribution, plant aquaporins have been divided in five subgroups: (a) plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs); (b) tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs); (c) Nodulin26-like intrinsic membrane proteins (NIPs); (d) small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs) and (e) uncharacterized intrinsic proteins (XIPs). Different subclasses of the plant aquaporins allow several types of transport using: water, glycerol, urea, hydrogen peroxide, organic acids, ethanol, methanol, arsenite, lactic acid, and gaseous compounds. Plant aquaporins have a significant role in cell response to cold stress, photosynthesis, plant growth, cell elongation, reproduction, and seed germination.
Synthesis of bioactive quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives via microwave activation tailored by phase-transfer catalysis
Authors: El-Badry Yaser A. , El-Hashash Mahr A. , Al-Ali Khalil 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A series of nine new 2,3-disubstituted 4(3H)-quinazolin-4-one derivatives was furnished starting from the 2-propyl-4(3H)-quinazo-line-4-one (2). The reinvestigation of the key starting quinazolinone 2 was performed under microwave irradiation (MW) and solvent-free conditions. Combination of MW and phase-transfer catalysis using tetrabutylammonium benzoate (TBAB) as a novel neutral ionic catalyst was used for carrying out N-alkylation and condensation reactions of compound 2 as a simple, efficient and eco-friendly technique. The structure of the synthesized compounds was elucidated using different spectral and chemical analyses. In vitro antimicrobial activity of the compounds was investigated against four bacterial and two fungal strains; very modest activity was achieved. Some of the synthesized compounds were screened for their antitumor activity against different human tumor cell lines. The screened compounds exhibited a significant antitumor activity on some of the cancer cell lines, melanoma (SK-MEL-2), ovarian cancer (IGROV1), renal cancer (TK-10), prostate cancer (PC-3), breast cancer (MCF7) and colon cancer (HT29). The most active, even more active than the reference 5-fluorouracil, were found to be ethyl 4-[(4-oxo-2-propylquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)methyl]benzoate (3c), 3-{2-[6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl-sulfonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline]-2-oxoethyl}-2-propylquinazolin--4(3H)-one (3e), N’-[(E)-(2H-1,3-benzodioxo-5-yl)methylidene]-2-(4-oxo-2-propylquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)acetohydrazide (10a), N’-[(E)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-oxo-2-propylquinazo-lin-3(4H) -yl)acetohydrazide (10b) and N’-[(E)-(4-nitrophenyl)methyl idene]-2-(4-oxo-2-propylquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)acetohydrazide (10c).
Biopharmaceutical classification of desloratadine – not all drugs are classified the easy way
Authors: Berginc Katja , Sibinovska Nadica , Žakelj Simon , Trontelj Jurij , Legen Igor 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The biopharmaceutical classification of drugs was designed as a basis for bio-waivers – a mechanism with the double ethical benefit of delivering new drug formulations to the market with less human testing and lower cost. However, many drugs defy simple classification because in vitro permeability and stability assessment can be challenging as shown in this study for desloratadine. Literature shows that desloratadine is highly soluble, while data on luminal stability and permeability are circumstantial. Combined with borderline bioavailability and not really known fraction of absorbed dose, desloratadine was found to be a good example for showing the innovative in vitro approaches necessary to unambiguously classify desloratadine according to Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) guideline. Presented study undoubtedly confirmed that desloratadine solubility is high and dissolution is very rapid for immediate release reference tablets. We have demonstrated deslorata-dine stability under legally required conditions and also in more physiologically relevant media. High in vitro desloratadine permeability was confirmed using Caco-2 and Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA). Well-established in vitro model with rat intestinal tissue could not be used due to reasons elaborated in this paper.
SOX7 is involved in polyphyllin D-induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest through down-regulation of cyclin D1
Authors: Zheng Bin , Wang Gang , Gao Wenbo , Wu Qiquan , Zhu Weizhi , Weng Guobin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The incidence of mortality of prostate cancer (PCa) has been an uptrend in recent years. Our previous study showed that the sex-determining region Y-box 7 (SOX7) was low-expressed and served as a tumor suppressor in PCa cells. Here, we describe the effects of polyphyllin D (PD) on proliferation and cell cycle modifications of PCa cells, and whether SOX7 participates in this process. PC-3 cells were cultured in complete medium containing PD for 12, 24, and 48 h. MTT assay was used to investigate the cytotoxic effects of PD. Cell cycle progression was analyzed using propidium iodide (PI) staining, and protein levels were assayed by Western blot analysis. Our results showed low expression of SOX7 in PCa tissues/cells compared to their non-tumorous counterparts/RWPE-1 cells. Moreover, PD inhibited the proliferation of PC-3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. PD induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, while co-treatment with short interfering RNA targeting SOX7 (siSOX7) had reversed this effect. PD downregulated SOX7, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) expressions in a dose-dependent manner, whereas co-treatment of siSOX7 and PD rescued the PD-inhibited cyclin D1 expression. However, no obvious changes were observed in CDK4 or CDK6 expression. These results indicate that SOX7 is involved in PD-induced PC-3 cell cycle arrest through down-regulation of cyclin D1.
Maternal education, health profession and cigarette smoking are decisive factors for self-medication in children by parents
Authors: Duborija-Kovacevic Natasa , Martinovic Milica , Belojevic Goran , Lausevic Dragan , Asanin Bogdan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Self-medication of children by their parents (SMCP) is an important public health issue as the effects and potential risks may be unpredictable. The objective of this first national Montenegrin study was to assess the prevalence of and factors influencing SMCP among schoolchildren. Data were obtained from a national representative sample of 4496 schoolchildren aged 7–13 years (50.4 % boys). Parents/caregivers completed a questionnaire concerning their demographic characteristics, socio-economic and cultural status, as well as the self-medication (SM) of their children. The association between SMCP and parents’ socio-economic, demographic or cultural status was assessed by logistic regression analyses. The prevalence rate of SMCP was 24.6 %. Univariate logistic regression showed that maternal socio-demographic characteristics (educational level, employment status, health care profession and smoking habits) were relevant for SMCP. In a multiple logistic regression the independent effect /adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (95 % CI)/of maternal factors on SMCP remained for: education /2.23 (1.18–4.24)/, university-level vs. no education; profession /1.50 (1.07–3.00)/, health profession vs. non-health profession; and smoking habit /1.22 (1.04–1.42)/smokers vs. non-smokers. SMCP may be expected for every fourth child in Montenegro. Specific maternal factors that independently raise the probability of SMCP are higher education, health profession and smoking.
Potential antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of a heliangolide sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Helianthus annuus L. leaves
Authors: Onoja Samuel O. , Nnadi Charles O. , Udem Samuel C. , Anaga Aruh O. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Heliangolide is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone and its derivatives are biologically active compounds present in most medicinal plants. This study evaluated the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of a heliangolide sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Helianthus annuus L. leaves. The heliangolide sesquiterpene lactone was isolated through a combination of solvent-solvent partitioning, column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography techniques. The antioxidant activity of the compound was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide radical scavenging assays while the antidiabetic effects were investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The heliangolide derivative at the concentration of 954.2 µmol L−1 showed 23.7 % DPPH and 26 % nitric oxide radical inhibitions compared with 96.6 and 50.9 %, resp., displayed by the controls (2,271.2 µmol L−1). It also reduced the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in a time-dependent manner. The highest activity was recorded within 6 h post-treatment at 0.2 mmol kg−1 bm. The heliangolide derivative exhibited significant (p < 0.05) antioxidant and antidiabetic properties and provides a basis for further development of constituents of Helianthus annuus leaves for the management of such diseases.