bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CO2 conversion through combined steam and CO2 reforming of methane reactions over Ni and Co catalysts
Authors: Shakouri Mohsen , Hu Yongfeng , Lehoux Rick , Wang Hui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNi‐Co bimetallic and Ni or Co monometallic catalysts prepared for CO2 reforming of methane were tested with the stimulated biogas containing steam, CO2, CH4, H2, and CO. A mix of the prepared CO2 reforming catalyst and a commercial steam reforming catalyst was used in hopes of maximizing the CO2 conversion. Both CO2 reforming and steam reforming of CH4 occurred over the prepared Ni‐Co bimetallic and Ni or Co monometallic catalysts when the feed contained steam. However, CO2 reforming did not occur on the commercial steam reforming catalyst. There was a critical steam content limit above which the catalyst facilitated no more CO2 conversion but net CO2 production for steam reforming and water‐gas shift became the dominant reactions in the system. The Ni‐Co bimetallic catalyst can convert more than 70% of CO2 in a biogas feed that contains ~33 mol% of CH4, 21.5 mol% of CO2, 12 mol% of H2O, 3.5 mol% of H2, and 30 mol% of N2. The H2/CO ratio of the produced syngas was in the range of 1.8‐2. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy of the spent catalysts revealed that the metallic sites of Ni‐Co bimetallic, Ni and Co monometallic catalysts after the steam reforming of methane reaction with equimolar feed (CH4:H2O:N2 = 1:1:1) experienced severe oxidation, which led to the catalytic deactivation.
Emergent characteristics of rockfall inventories captured at a regional scale
Authors: Benjamin Jessica , Rosser Nick J. , Brain Matthew J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHigh‐resolution rockfall inventories captured at a regional scale are scarce. This is partly owing to difficulties in measuring the range of possible rockfall volumes with sufficient accuracy and completeness, and at a scale exceeding the influence of localized controls. This paucity of data restricts our ability to abstract patterns of erosion, identify long‐term changes in behaviour and assess how rockfalls respond to changes in rock mass structural and environmental conditions. We have addressed this by developing a workflow that is tailored to monitoring rockfalls and the resulting cliff retreat continuously (in space), in three‐dimensional (3D) and over large spatial scales (>104 m). We tested our approach by analysing rockfall activity along 20.5 km of coastal cliffs in North Yorkshire (UK), in what we understand to be the first multi‐temporal detection of rockfalls at a regional scale. We show that rockfall magnitude–frequency relationships, which often underpin predictive models of erosion, are highly sensitive to the spatial extent of monitoring. Variations in rockfall shape with volume also imply a systemic shift in the underlying mechanisms of detachment with scale, leading us to question the validity of applying a single probabilistic model to the full range of rockfalls observed here. Finally, our data emphasize the importance of cliff retreat as an episodic process. Going forwards, there will a pressing need to understand and model the erosional response of such coastlines to rising global sea levels as well as projected changes to winds, tides, wave climates, precipitation and storm events. The methodologies and data presented here are fundamental to achieving this, marking a step‐change in our ability to understand the competing effects of different processes in determining the magnitude and frequency of rockfall activity and ultimately meaning that we are better placed to investigate relationships between process and form/erosion at critical, regional scales. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Incidence of childhood renal tumours: An international population‐based study
Authors: Nakata Kayo , Colombet Murielle , Stiller Charles A. , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Steliarova‐Foucher Eva ,   IICC‐3 Contributors
Published: June 2020

AbstractMalignant renal tumours represent 5% of childhood cancers and include types with likely different aetiology: Wilms tumour (WT), rhabdoid renal tumour, kidney sarcomas and renal carcinomas. WT is the most common renal tumour in children, previously shown to vary internationally and with ethnicity. Using the comprehensive database of the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer study (IICC), we analysed global variations and time trends in incidence of renal tumour types in children (age 0‐14 years) and adolescents (age 15‐19 years). The results were presented by 14 world regions, and five ethnic groups in the US. We included 15 320 renal tumours in children and 800 in adolescents reported to the 163 contributing registries during 2001‐2010. In children, age‐standardised incidence rate (ASR) of renal tumours was 8.3 per million (95% confidence interval, CI = 8.1, 8.4); it was the highest in North America and Europe (9‐10 per million) and the lowest in most Asian regions (4‐5 per million). In the US, Blacks had the highest ASR (10.9 per million, 95% CI = 10.2, 11.6) and Asian and Pacific Islanders the lowest (4.4 per million, 95% CI = 3.6, 5.1). In adolescents, age‐specific incidence rate of renal tumours was 1.4 per million (95% CI = 1.3, 1.5). WT accounted for over 90% of all renal tumours in each age from 1 to 7 years and the proportion of renal carcinomas increased gradually with age. From 1996 to 2010, incidence remained mostly stable for WT (average annual percent change, AAPC = 0.1) and increased for renal carcinomas in children (AAPC = 3.7) and adolescents (AAPC = 3.2). Our findings warrant further monitoring.
Photocatalytic properties of graphene‐supported titania clusters from density‐functional theory
Authors: Badalov Sabuhi V. , Wilhelm René , Schmidt Wolf G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDensity‐functional theory calculations of (TiO2)n clusters (n = 1–5) in the gas phase and adsorbed on pristine graphene as well as graphene quantum dots are presented. The cluster adsorption is found to be dominated by van der Waals forces. The electronic structure and in particular the excitation energies of the bare clusters and the TiO2/graphene composites are found to vary largely in dependence on the size of the respective constituents. This holds in particular for the energy and the spatial localization of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals. In addition to a substantial gap narrowing, a pronounced separation of photoexcited electrons and holes is predicted in some instances. This is expected to prolong the lifetime of photoexcited carriers. Altogether, TiO2/graphene composites are predicted to be promising photocatalysts with improved electronic and photocatalytic properties compared to bulk TiO2.
Protective mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide in myocardial ischemia
Authors: Chen Yuqi , Zhang Feng , Yin Jiayu , Wu Siyi , Zhou Xiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S), which has been identified as the third gaseous signaling molecule after nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis in the cardiovascular system. Endogenous H2S is produced mainly by three endogenous enzymes: cystathionine β‐synthase, cystathionine γ‐lyase, and 3‐mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Numerous studies have shown that H2S has a significant protective role in myocardial ischemia. The mechanisms by which H2S affords cardioprotection include the antifibrotic and antiapoptotic effects, regulation of ion channels, protection of mitochondria, reduction of oxidative stress and inflammatory response, regulation of microRNA expression, and promotion of angiogenesis. Amplification of NO‐ and CO‐mediated signaling through crosstalk between H2S, NO, and CO may also contribute to the cardioprotective effect. Exogenous H2S donors are expected to become effective drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review article focuses on the protective mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications of H2S in myocardial ischemia.
The role of miR‐543 in human cancerous and noncancerous diseases
Authors: Zhou Cong , Zhao Xin , Duan Shiwei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicroRNA (miRNA) is a noncoding single‐stranded RNA molecule that can regulate the posttranscriptional expression level of a gene by binding to the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of the target messenger RNA. miR‐543 is a kind of miRNA, which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of various human cancerous and noncancerous diseases. miR‐543 directly or indirectly regulates a large number of downstream target genes and plays an important role in cellular components, biological processes, and molecular functions. In addition, many studies have verified the regulatory mechanism, physiological role, biological function, and prognostic value of miR‐543. Therefore, this article reviews the papers published in the past decade and elaborates on the research progress of miR‐543 from the aspects of physiology and pathology, especially in cancerous and other noncancerous diseases. In particular, we pay attention to the expression patterns, direct targets, biological functions, related pathways, and prognostic value of miR‐543 reported in experimental articles. And by comparing similar research articles, we point out existing controversies in this field to date, so as to facilitate further research in the future.
Gene interaction network approach to elucidate the multidrug resistance mechanisms in the pathogenic bacterial strain Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Miryala Sravan K. , Anbarasu Anand , Ramaiah Sudha 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProteus mirabilis is one among the most frequently identified pathogen in patients with the urinary tract infection. The multidrug resistance exhibited by P. mirabilis renders the treatment ineffective, and new progressive strategies are needed to overcome the antibiotic resistance (AR). We have analyzed the evolutionary relationship of 29 P. mirabilis strains available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information‐Genome database. The antimicrobial resistance genes of P. mirabilis along with the enriched pathways and the Gene Ontology terms are analyzed using gene networks to understand the molecular basis of AR. The genes rpoB, tufB, rpsl, fusA, and rpoA could be exploited as potential drug targets as they are involved in regulating the vital functions within the bacterium. The drug targets reported in the present study will aid researchers in developing new strategies to combat multidrug‐resistant P. mirabilis.
Hydroxytyrosol modifies skeletal muscle GLUT4/AKT/Rac1 axis in trained rats
Authors: Casuso Rafael A. , Al Fazazi Saad , Ruiz‐Ojeda Francisco J. , Plaza‐Diaz Julio , Rueda‐Robles Ascensión , Aragón‐Vela Jerónimo , Huertas Jesús R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTraining induces a number of healthy effects including a rise in skeletal muscle (SKM) glucose uptake. These adaptations are at least in part due to the reactive oxygen species produced within SKM, which is in agreement with the notion that antioxidant supplementation blunts some training‐induced adaptations. Here, we tested whether hydroxytyrosol (HT), the main polyphenol of olive oil, would modify the molecular regulators of glucose uptake when HT is supplemented during exercise. Rats were included into sedentary and exercised (EXE) groups. EXE group was further divided into a group consuming a low HT dose (0.31 mg·kg·d; EXElow), a moderate HT dose (4.61 mg·kg·d; EXEmid), and a control group (EXE). EXE raised glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) protein content, Ras‐related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) activity, and protein kinase b (AKT) phosphorylation in SKM. Furthermore, EXElow blunted GLUT4 protein content and AKT phosphorylation while EXEmid showed a downregulation of the GLUT4/AKT/Rac1 axis. Hence, a low‐to‐moderate dose of HT, when it is supplemented as an isolated compound, might alter the beneficial effect of training on basal AKT phosphorylation and Rac1 activity in rats.
Identification of novel alternative splicing of bovine lncRNA lncFAM200B and its effects on preadipocyte proliferation
Authors: Zhang Sihuan , Kang Zihong , Cai Hanfang , Jiang Enhui , Pan Chuanying , Dang Ruihua , Lei Chuzhao , Chen Hong , Lan Xianyong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdipogenesis is closely related to human health, livestock growth, and meat quality. A previous study identified that bovine lncFAM200B promoter has high activity in 3T3‐L1 mice preadipocytes. Thus, lncFAM200B was a candidate gene for regulating adipogenesis. This study aimed to uncover the role of lncFAM200B in bovine adipogenesis and identify novel genetic variations within the bovine lncFAM200B gene. An expression analysis found that lncFAM200B was expressed higher in fat than that in muscle, but the difference was not related to the total methylation level of the promoter active region. Moreover, the expression of lncFAM200B exhibited a significant positive correlation with the expression of C/EBPa during bovine adipocyte differentiation. To uncover the function of lncFAM200B, the full‐length lncFAM200B was cloned, and four kinds of transcript variants were found. Protein‐coding potential prediction and prokaryotic expression system analysis showed that these four transcript variants were noncoding RNAs. The quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay showed that the transcript variants decreased the messenger RNA expression of Cyclin D1 and inhibited the proliferation of bovine preadipocytes. Considering the important role of lncFAM200B in adipogenesis, we identified genetic variations in lncFAM200B. Three single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were revealed, and two of them (SNP1 and SNP3) were associated with Nanyang cattle body measurement traits. In conclusion, this study found that bovine lncFAM200B inhibited preadipocyte proliferation, and two genetic variations of lncFAM200B could be used in cattle breeding.
Ribavirin inhibits Chandipura virus replication in Vero cells
Authors: Balakrishnan Anukumar , Mun Amol B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChandipura virus (CHPV) is an emerging tropical pathogen in India. The virus has been reported to be associated with an acute encephalitis syndrome in young children with a case fatality rate of 55% to 75%. Clinical management with symptomatic treatment is the only option available to treat infected patients. No vaccines are available for prophylaxis. In light of the prophylactic limitations, antiviral therapy would play an important role in control of CHPV infection. In the present study, ribavirin (RBV), an antiviral drug widely accepted for human use and having an antiviral effect on many RNA and DNA viruses, was tested against the CHPV. A screening assay that scores for the virus‐mediated plaque formation in the cultured Vero cells was used. RBV exhibited 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 89.84 ± 1.8 µM. The drug was very effective when the cells were treated either within an hour postinfection or 4 to 6 hours before infection. The plaque morphology was different in RBV treated cells; the plaques were smaller in size as compared with the plaques in the virus infected cells. The study reports the antiviral activity of RBV against CHPV, and hence, suggests the possible utility of RBV in CHPV infected patients to mitigate the disease. A further clinical trial is needed before introducing the drug for human use against CHPV infection.
Atmospheric circulation regime causing winter temperature whiplash events in North China
Authors: Ma Shuangmei , Zhu Congwen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTemperature whiplash events, which are characterized by a rapid transition between persistent and extreme warm and cold conditions, usually damage natural systems and human communities and can even have catastrophic impacts. To more deeply understand the severe winter temperature whiplash events in North China, in this study, the atmospheric circulation regime that is primarily responsible for such events is investigated based on Japanese 55‐year reanalysis data. The results show that the drastic temperature shifts during winter temperature whiplash events are closely correlated with the southeastward propagation of the dipolar anomalous temperature in the middle and lower troposphere over the Eurasian continent. The dipolar structure of the temperature signals features an initial cold anomaly over the West Siberian Plain and a warm anomaly over East Asia during negative (extremely warm to extremely cold) events and the opposite pattern during positive (extremely cold to extremely warm) events. This dipolar temperature anomaly is tightly coupled with the southeastward development of an upper‐level wave‐like anomalous circulation pattern over the Eurasian continent, which is associated with a Rossby wave originating near the Kara Sea during negative events and in northern Europe during positive events. Based on the calculation of the temperature budget, the drastic temperature drop during negative events is mainly dominated by anomalous meridional temperature advection, and adiabatic heating due to vertical motion is negligible. In contrast, adiabatic heating due to sinking plays a dominant role in the drastic temperature increase during positive events, while anomalous meridional temperature advection also makes a substantial contribution to the temperature increase.
Feijoa [Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret] accessions characterization and discrimination by chemometrics
Authors: Sganzerla William Gustavo , Ferreira Ana Letícia Andrade , Rosa Gabriel Bachega , Azevedo Mônia Stremel , Ferrareze Jocleita Peruzzo , Komatsu Roberto Akitoshi , Nunes Michael Ramos , da Rosa Cleonice Gonçalves , Schmit Rodolfo , Costa Murilo Dalla , Ciotta Marlise Nara , de Lima Veeck Ana Paula 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDFeijoa [Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret] is a Brazilian native fruit with few commercial‐level plantations and high agroindustrial potential. A genotype evaluation experiment was conducted from 1996 onward, aiming to obtain fruits based on the agronomical parameters; however, the selection based on chemical composition had not been evaluated with respect to developing a new cultivar. Accordingly, the present study aimed to discriminate seven accessions of feijoa in terms of nutritional composition, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity using multivariate analysis (principal component analysis and multivariate contrast), targeting the potential production of a new cultivar with better nutritional value and high antioxidant capacity.RESULTSFeijoa husk presented high content of ashes, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity compared to feijoa pulp. However, only feijoa pulp was selected to multivariate analysis because it is the fruit edible part. Data variability was explained in 78% and the feijoa pulp accessions were discriminated into four groups related to their characteristics. The accession 5 discrimination can be explained by the high content of ashes, carbohydrates, soluble solids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Accession 6 was also discriminated by the high content of total acidity, pH and proteins, as well as a low content of soluble solids.CONCLUSIONFeijoa accessions may be indicated for increasing plant selection via hybridization with the other accessions, aiming to produce new cultivars with better nutritional composition and antioxidant capacity. For example, accession 5 is the most suited fruit for human consumption and is a potential plant with respect to becoming a new cultivar. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Role of tourism IT adoption and risk management orientation on tourism agility and resilience: Impact on sustainable tourism supply chain performance
Authors: Mandal Santanu , Dubey Ritesh K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe study explored the influence of tourism IT adoption and risk management orientation on tourism supply chain agility and resilience that may impact sustainable tourism supply chain performance using dynamic capability view. The study gathered 302 perceptual responses from hotels and tour companies and analyzed using structural equation modeling in AMOS. The study also evaluated for invariance of the proposed model across hotels and tour companies. Furthermore, it also explored if tourism IT adoption and risk management orientation moderates the relationship among agility, resilience and sustainable tourism supply chain performance. Implications for theory and tourism managers were provided.
Utility of Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange for Microlaryngeal Surgery
Authors: Benninger Michael S. , Zhang Emily S. , Chen Bonnie , Tierney William S. , Abdelmalak Basem , Bryson Paul C. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveMicrolaryngeal surgery typically requires oxygenation and ventilation via either an endotracheal tube (ETT), jet ventilation (JV), or intermittent apnea with an ETT. Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) delivered by high flow nasal cannula has been reported as an alternative technique. This method of apneic oxygenation and ventilation allows for stable, unobstructed visualization of immobile laryngeal structures. We aim to describe the technique and characterize intraoperative parameters related to its safety.Study DesignCase Series.MethodsThe electronic medical record was reviewed for patients who underwent microlaryngoscopy using THRIVE technique. Patient demographics, procedural details, operative parameters, and anesthesia records were reviewed. Descriptive statistics were reported.ResultsA total of 53 patients underwent microlaryngoscopy using THRIVE as the sole method of ventilation, with 62% female. Median age was 51 years, and median BMI was 25 kg/m2. Most patients were ASA class 2, and most had a Mallampati score of 2. The most common surgical indications were subglottic stenosis, vocal fold lesions, and vocal fold paralysis. Median apnea time was 16 minutes. At the end of case, median end tidal CO2 was 50 mmHg, and median minimum SpO2 was 95. Six cases required supplementation of THRIVE with JV or tracheal intubation for sustained oxygen desaturation. There was an increase in end tidal CO2 of 0.844 mmHg/min of apneic time.ConclusionsTHRIVE is a safe and effective technique for oxygenation and ventilation in microlaryngeal, non‐laser surgery in appropriately selected patients. To ensure safety, back‐up plans such as jet ventilation and microlaryngeal ETT should be available.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:587–591, 2021
Movement Disorders and Renal Diseases
Authors: Bhowmick Suvorit S. , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTMovement disorders often emerge from the interplay of complex pathophysiological processes involving the kidneys and the nervous system. Tremor, myoclonus, ataxia, chorea, and parkinsonism can occur in the context of renal dysfunction (azotemia and electrolyte abnormalities) or they can be part of complications of its management (dialysis and renal transplantation). On the other hand, myoglobinuria from rhabdomyolysis in status dystonicus and certain drugs used in the management of movement disorders can cause nephrotoxicity. Distinct from these well‐recognized associations, it is important to appreciate that there are several inherited and acquired disorders in which movement abnormalities do not occur as a consequence of renal dysfunction or vice versa but are manifestations of common pathophysiological processes affecting the nervous system and the kidneys. These disorders are the emphasis of this review. Increasing awareness of these conditions among neurologists may help them to identify renal involvement earlier, take timely intervention by anticipating complications and focus on therapies targeting common mechanisms in addition to symptomatic management of movement disorders. Recognition of renal impairment in a patient with complex neurological presentation may narrow down the differentials and aid in reaching a definite diagnosis.