bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of rider skill on ridden horse behaviour, assessed using the Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram, and gait quality
Authors: Dyson S. , Martin C. , Bondi A. , Ellis A. D. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram (RHpE) was developed to facilitate identification of musculoskeletal pain.ObjectivesTo determine the influence of rider skill on ridden horse performance and behaviour, the latter using the RHpE. It was hypothesised that gait quality at trot and canter would improve with a more skilled rider compared with a less skilled rider, but the RHpE scores would be similar.Study designRepeated measures investigation.MethodsForty horses, in regular work and presumed by their riders to be nonlame, were ridden by their normal rider (N) and a skilled professional rider (P), performing a dressage‐type test over 8.5 min. Twenty horses were ridden first by rider P, and 20 were ridden first by rider N. The presence of lameness or gait abnormalities in canter was recorded. Standardised video recordings were acquired. All videos were anonymised and presented in random order to the assessors. Rider skill and horse gait quality were graded (Fédération Equestre Internationale scale, 1–10), and the RHpE was applied to each horse using the video recordings.ResultsRider P had a higher median skill score (6/10) compared with the N riders (4.5/10) (P<0.001). There was a correlation between rider skill scores and gait quality scores (P<0.001). The presence of lameness or gait abnormalities in canter, when ridden by riders N and P, varied among horses. The median RHpE score for all horses was 9/24 (range 3–14). There was no difference in mean or median RHpE scores between the N riders and rider P. There was some variance in the frequency of occurrence of specific behaviours between the N riders and rider P.Main limitationsThe identity of rider P could not be concealed.ConclusionsThere was no direct relationship between rider skill level and the RHpE score, but riders did alter the manifestations of some behaviours.
Barriers to early diagnosis and treatment of severely immunosuppressed patients with HIV‐1 infection: A quantitative and qualitative study
Authors: Liu JY , Sun LQ , Hou YY , Wang LF , He Y , Zhou Y , Xu LM , Wang H , Wang FS 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo explore the barriers to early diagnosis of HIV infection and timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsWe assessed the annual number and proportion of ART‐naïve people living with HIV infection (PLWH) with severe immunosuppression in Shenzhen, China, from 2008 to 2019. Selected ART‐naïve PLWHs with severe immunosuppression who were seeking treatment for the first time in the hospital in 2019 were subjected to an in‐depth interview.ResultsThe proportion of severely immunosuppressed, ART‐naïve PLWH decreased from 36.73% in 2008 to 8.94% in 2015, and then plateaued at approximately 10% from 2015 to 2019. Overall, 55 patients, 70% of whom were men who had sex with men, participated in the qualitative interviews. Ten of them delayed treatment after diagnosis, with a median [interquartile range (IQR)] interval of 5.83 (3.98–8.54) years between diagnosis and ART. More than 80% of the patients reported casual sexual contact within a median period of 6 years and with a median (IQR) of nine (4–20) casual sex partners. The major barriers to HIV testing and diagnosis included lack of knowledge about HIV and high‐risk behaviours, low awareness about HIV testing, and resistance to HIV testing. The major barriers to ART initiation included lack of knowledge about the importance of ART and change of national ART eligibility policy, and HIV‐related stress.ConclusionsThe number of PLWHs with severe immunosuppression who seek treatment remains high in Shenzhen, China. Thus, current HIV‐related care programmes targeting access to early diagnosis and treatment need to be improved.
The efficacy of voxelotor, 900 mg in patients with sickle cell anaemia: A meta‐analysis of the randomised controlled trials
Authors: Tanriverdi Lokman Hekim , Sarici Ahmet , Erkurt Mehmet Ali , Parlakpinar Hakan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveSickle cell anaemia (SCA), an inherited chronic hematological disease affecting hundreds of thousand people worldwide, causes significant morbidity and reduced life expectancy about two or three decades. This study aimed to conduct a meta‐analysis of the efficacy of voxelotor, 900 mg in patients with SCA.MethodsThe research protocol was registered at the International Register of Prospective Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), under the registration number: CRD42020147796. ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Conference Abstracts, Google Scholar, Ovid Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library from 2015 through July 25, 2019, and bibliographies of review articles and eligible studies. Eleven eligible studies that evaluated the effectiveness of voxelotor, 900 mg in SCA. Based on pre‐specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2 randomized, placebo‐controlled studies were included in the meta‐analysis.ResultsThe primary outcome measured was hemoglobin elevation, assessed in a highly similar fashion in both trials. There was a significant difference between voxelotor and placebo in haemoglobin change from baseline (mean difference [MD]: 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67‐1.06). Voxelotor also reduced markers of haemolysis, MD: −36.79, 95% CI: (−75.05) to 1.48 for unconjugated bilirubin that changes from baseline; MD: −19.09, 95% CI: (−44.06) to 5.88 for the percentage of reticulocytes that change from baseline and MD: −23.29, 95% CI: (−65.14) to 18.55 for LDH that change from baseline) but the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsAs a conclusion, voxelotor, 900 mg use significantly increased hemoglobin levels which of 1 g/dL elevation predicts a reduced risk of stroke (41%), albuminuria (53%), pulmonary arterial hypertension (57%), and mortality (64%) in recent studies. Voxelotor also reduced markers of hemolysis but failed to reach statistically significance in current evidence. Multicenter, randomized, placebo‐controlled studies are on the way and will provide more evidence to see the potential of disease‐modifying effects of voxelotor.
The relative importance of household norms for energy efficient behavior
Authors: Kleinschafer Jodie , Morrison Mark , Oczkowski Edward 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHousehold norms have been shown to influence energy efficiency behaviors, but little is known about the relative influence of household norms when compared to other established drivers of household efficiency behaviors, such as comfort‐seeking, environmental concern and cost sensitivity. This paper unpacks the nature of the influence of household norms on household efficiency behaviors, whether as antecedents, mediating the influence of other drivers or a direct influence on efficiency behaviors. Responses from 775 households in regional Australia were analyzed to test six hypotheses. Results suggest that household norms are among the most important variables influencing household efficiency behaviors. They have a strong and significant influence on curtailment and investment behaviors, mediate the relationship between established drivers of efficiency and efficiency behaviors and influence the drivers of efficiency. These findings demonstrate the importance of household norms for improving the energy efficiency of households.
Consumer financial education and risky financial asset holding in China
Authors: Zhu Ting , Xiao Jing Jian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRisky financial asset holding is arguably a desirable financial behaviour that contributes to consumer financial well‐being. However, studies about associations between consumer financial education and risky financial asset holding in China remain limited. To fill this gap, using data from the 2015 China Household Finance Survey, this study examined the association between financial education and risky financial asset holdings and explored its mediators. Results from Probit regressions showed that financial education was positively associated with the household risky financial asset holding. Further analyses based on the mediating model found that financial literacy, economic and financial information search and risk tolerance were mediating factors in the association between financial education and risky financial asset holding. The results have policy implications for improving consumer financial education and financial market participation.
Dowling‐Degos disease: a review
Authors: Stephan Carla , Kurban Mazen , Abbas Ossama 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDowling‐Degos disease is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis. It is characterized by acquired reticulate hyperpigmentation over the flexures, comedone‐like follicular papules, and pitted perioral scars that usually develop during adulthood. Mutations in genes affecting melanosome transfer, and melanocyte and keratinocyte differentiation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease. These genes include KRT5, POFUT1, POGLUT1 and, most recently, PSENEN. Dowling‐Degos disease can be found in isolation or with other associated findings, most notably hidradenitis suppurativa. This condition belongs to a spectrum of conditions that all result in reticulate hyperpigmentation that at times are hard to distinguish from each other. The most closely linked entity is Galli‐Galli, which is clinically indistinguishable from Dowling‐Degos disease and can only be distinguished by the presence of acantholysis on microscopy. Unfortunately, Dowling‐Degos disease is generally progressive and recalcitrant to treatment.
Independent and combined effects of hypertension and diabetes on clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19: A retrospective cohort study of Huoshen Mountain Hospital and Guanggu Fangcang Shelter Hospital
Authors: Sun Yuhui , Guan Xizhou , Jia Lijing , Xing Ning , Cheng Liuquan , Liu Bo , Zhang Sibing , He Kunlun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is widely recognized that hypertension is one of the major risk factor for disease severity and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension are frequent comorbid conditions, complicating the assessment of hypertension's individual contribution to the risk. The aims of this study were to evaluate the contributions of hypertension alone, T2DM alone, or their combination to the risk of death, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)/respiratory failure, and severe COVID‐19 infection. Additionally, we assessed risks associated with elevated blood pressure and fasting blood glucose on the same three clinical outcomes. Multivariate logistic models were used for these analyses. Among the 3400 patients, 3327(97.9%) survived and 73(2.1%) died. Compared to patients having neither hypertension nor T2DM (n = 1392), the risk of mortality was significantly higher in patients with T2DM alone (n = 226, OR 5.26 [95% CI: 2.39–11.58]) or with T2DM in combination with hypertension (n = 507, OR 3.02, [95% CI: 1.48–6.15]). Similarly, T2DM was a risk factor for development of ARDS/respiratory failure and severe infection. Hypertension alone (n = 1275) only conferred additional risk for the development of severe infection (OR 1.22 [95% CI: 1.00–1.51]). In conclusion, neither hypertension nor elevated blood pressure was independent risk factors for death or ARDS/respiratory failure but hypertension marginally increased the risk of severe COVID‐19 infection. The risk associated with hypertension is accentuated through its confounding effect on T2DM.
Impact of a Swiss pressure ulcer prevention breakthrough collaborative
Authors: Staines Anthony , Amherdt Isabelle , Burnand Bernard , Rotzetter Murielle , Currat Philippe , Roux Stéphane , Lécureux Estelle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesPressure ulcers may have severe impacts on the quality of life of patients, including pain, low mood and restrictions in performing daily life and social life activities. In Switzerland, 4% of patients develop hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers.Six hospitals teamed up with the Vaud Hospital Federation (Switzerland) in a Breakthrough Collaborative, with the goal of reducing hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers by 50%. The aim of this study was to assess the actual reduction.MethodsA multimodal set of interventions was deployed in all wards except obstetrics and gynaecology, over 18 months starting in October 2016, including systematic risk assessment, use of a prevention bundle, education through e‐learning, measurement and feedback, patient engagement and promotion of a safety culture. All six hospitals monitored compliance with the use of the risk assessment, bundle application and patient involvement aspects. A safety calendar was implemented in all wards, for recording and visually displaying the numbers of new patients with pressure ulcers, as well as the presence of such ulcers upon admission and their category.ResultsCompliance with performing Braden risk assessments rose from 39% at baseline to 61% by the end of the collaborative (P < .001), prevention bundle compliance from 2% to 30% (P < .001%) and documented patient engagement from 2% to 21% (P < .001%).The percentage of days where one or more patient was reported as having developed one or more pressure ulcers in the ward decreased from 8.21% to 4.18%, a 49% reduction (P < .001) which amounts to preventing 1124 new patients from developing one or more pressure ulcers during the collaborative.ConclusionsThe Breakthrough Collaborative using a multimodal improvement approach combined with measurement and feedback was associated with a statistically and clinically significant improvement in compliance to best practice and with a reduction of hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers by half.
The potential use of artificial intelligence in the therapy of borderline personality disorder
Authors: Szalai Judit 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the possibility of AI‐based addendum therapy for borderline personality disorder, its potential advantages and limitations. Identity disturbance in this condition is strongly connected to self‐narratives, which manifest excessive incoherence, causal gaps, dysfunctional beliefs, and diminished self‐attributions of agency. Different types of therapy aim at boosting self‐knowledge through self‐narratives in BPD. The suggestion of this paper is that human‐to‐human therapy could be complemented by AI assistance holding out the promise of making patients' self‐narratives more coherent through improving the accuracy of their self‐assessments, reflection on their emotions, and understanding their relationships with others. Theoretical and pragmatic arguments are presented in favour of this idea, and certain technical solutions are suggested to implement it.
A systematic approach to contouring and polishing anterior resin composite restorations: A checklist manifesto
Authors: Vargas Marcos A. , Margeas Robert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeThis article presents a systematic, step‐by‐step checklist approach to be used for contouring and polishing anterior resin composite restorations to achieve maximum esthetics efficiently.Clinical considerationsThis checklist is intended to be used to take the guesswork out and streamline the process to predictably, practically, and repeatedly contour and polish anterior resin composite restorations. The practitioner's knowledge of basic dental anatomy combined with this step‐by‐step checklist facilitates identifying and modifying the final restoration to an anatomically correct form, thus satisfying the most esthetically demanding patients. This approach is demonstrated with case presentation of direct resin veneers in a young female, which resulted in an improved smile that satisfied her esthetic desires.ConclusionsThe use of standardized protocols facilitates and expedites daily procedures in dentistry. Specifically, this checklist protocol, which is geared towards contouring and polishing anterior direct resin composite restorations.Clinical significanceThe clinical technique presented in this article shows the advantages of using a step‐by‐step checklist approach to predictably and efficiently obtain ideal esthetics when performing anterior resin composite restorations.
Review of nano‐technology applications in resin‐based restorative materials
Authors: Bastos Natalia Almeida , Bitencourt Sandro Basso , Martins Emerson Alves , De Souza Grace Mendonca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveNanotechnology has progressed significantly and particles as small as 3 nm are being employed in resin‐based restorative materials to improve clinical performance. The goal of this review is to report the progress of nanotechnology in Restorative Dentistry by reviewing the advantages, limitations, and applications of resin‐based restorative materials with nanoparticles.Materials and MethodsA literature review was conducted using PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Embase databases. In vitro, in vivo and in situ research studies published in English between 1999 and 2020, and which focused on the analysis of resin‐based restorative materials containing nanoparticles were included.ResultsA total of 140 studies were included in this review. Studies reported the effect of incorporating different types of nanoparticles on adhesive systems or resin composites. Mechanical, physical, and anti‐bacterial properties were described. The clinical performance of resin‐based restorative materials with nanoparticles was also reported.ConclusionsThe high surface area of nanoparticles exponentially increases the bioactivity of materials using bioactive nanofillers. However, the tendency of nanoparticles to agglomerate, the chemical instability of the developed materials and the decline of rheological properties when high ratios of nanoparticles are employed are some of the obstacles to overcome in the near future.Clinical significanceIn spite of the recent advancements of nanotechnology in resin‐based restorative materials, some challenges need to be overcome before new nano‐based restorative materials are considered permanent solutions to clinical problems.
Catastrophising, pain self‐efficacy and acceptance in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome
Authors: Chana Pavneet , Smith Jared G. , Karamat Aalia , Simpson Anna , Renton Tara 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about pain catastrophising, pain self‐efficacy and chronic pain acceptance in burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and their effect on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and symptoms of anxiety and depressive disorders.ObjectivesTo describe pain catastrophising, pain self‐efficacy and pain acceptance in BMS patients and explore associations with affective function and HRQoL.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 36 BMS patients (31 female) referred to an Orofacial Pain Clinic completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Pain Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire and the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire‐8 in addition to standardised self‐reported questionnaires measuring mood and oral and generic HRQoL.ResultsPain catastrophising levels were markedly higher than (non‐clinical) population norms, with 32.0% of patients reporting clinically relevant levels. Pain self‐efficacy and chronic pain acceptance varied widely; 24.0% evidenced low confidence to cope with pain, and 53.8% reported low activity engagement and/or low pain willingness. Catastrophising showed moderate‐to‐strong associations with measures of anxiety (r = 0.63), depression (r = 0.80), and oral (r = 0.61) and generic HRQoL (rho=−0.84). Self‐efficacy and acceptance were also closely related to levels of depression (r/rho=−0.83 to −0.73) and generic HRQoL (r/rho = 0.74 to 0.75). These associations were stronger than those between pain severity and affective function/HRQoL and persisted after controlling for pain severity.ConclusionsA substantial proportion of BMS patients evidence maladaptive beliefs about personal effectiveness in managing pain, which is closely related to affective disorders and impaired HRQoL. As such, treatment approaches targeting catastrophising, pain self‐efficacy and acceptance may prove beneficial in improving mood and quality of life in BMS patients.
Embodied relational praxis in intersectional organizing: Developing intersectional solidarity
Authors: Ellison Erin Rose , Langhout Regina Day 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis qualitative study examines the development of intersectional solidarity among organizers of an academic workers’ union. Participants were 12 union organizers who participated in semistructured, in‐depth interviews. This research is value‐driven, examining in context how community organizers address the reproduction of systems of oppression (e.g., racism, sexism) in order to build power and make socially just change. Respectful and supportive relationships were required for participants to understand and make sense of their complicity in systems of oppression in proactive and potentially transformative ways. Additionally, individuals’ understanding of their complicity with oppressive structures occurred in a visceral, embodied manner. Thus, two overlapping practices, supportive relational labor and corporeal literacy, form the basis of a praxis model for intersectional solidarity. This study concludes with implications for organizing practices and organizations, which focus on accountability practices and praxis among group members.
Evaluating the effect of cooking temperature and time on collagen characteristics and the texture of hog maw
Authors: Zheng Yan‐Yan , Zhou Chang‐Yu , Wang Chong , Ding Da‐Ming , Wang Juan‐Juan , Li Chun‐Bao , Zhou Guang‐Hong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the texture of hog maw and the degradation of Types I and III collagen in the intramuscular connective tissue (IMCT) of hog maw at different cooking temperatures (75–95°C) and times (50–130 min). The cooking loss, shear force, collagen content, collagen solubility, and IMCT strength of hog maw cooked in water baths were measured. The instrumental texture profile analysis showed that the brittleness, springiness, chewiness and hardness of the cooked hog maw significantly increased with the increase of cooking temperature, while the hardness, springiness and chewiness increased first and then decreased with increasing cooking time. Cooking loss exhibited a 38% increase between the raw meat and meat cooked at 95°C. The collagen solubility significantly increased from 5.5 mg/g for raw meat to 8.6 mg/g for meat cooked at 95°C, accompanied by decreases in the shear force and IMCT strength associated with the increase in cooking temperature and time. These results show that the texture and collagen characteristics of hog maw are dramatically affected by the cooking temperature and time. Sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and immunofluorescence staining further showed that collagen degradation occurred after cooking, and the degradation of Type I collagen was higher than that of Type III collagen. These results indicated that the degradation of Type I collagen was mainly responsible for the sensory and textural improvements of the cooked hog maw.