bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sindroma emboli lemak pada kasus trauma orthopedi: sebuah tinjauan pustaka
Authors: Dharmayuda Angga , Kesuma Anak Agung Ngurah Ronny , Laksana Komang Mahendra 
Published: November 2020

Fat embolism (FE) is defined as fat embolism circulating in the bloodstream, with or without symptoms. Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a circulatory fat embolism which is a secondary complication and causes specific clinical manifestations in the lungs, brain, skin. This incident is often found in orthopedic trauma, especially in long bone trauma, pelvis, and multiple trauma. In non-traumatic cases, such as hip or knee arthroplasty, FES may also be present. Gurd and Wilson's current criteria can help guide the diagnosis, but at this time there are no standardized diagnostic tests. There is no definitive therapy for FES and only supportive therapy.Â Â Emboli lemak (FE) didefinisikan sebagai emboli lemak yang beredar di aliran darah, dengan atau tanpa gejala. Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES) adalah emboli lemak peredaran darah yang merupakan komplikasi sekunder dan menyebabkan manifestasi klinis spesifik di paru-paru, otak, kulit. Kejadian ini sering ditemukan pada trauma ortopedi, terutama pada trauma tulang panjang, trauma panggul, dan trauma multipel. Dalam kasus non-traumatis, seperti artroplasti pinggul atau lutut, FES juga mungkin dapat ditemukan. Kriteria Gurd dan Wilson saat ini dapat membantu memandu diagnosis, tetapi saat ini belum ada tes diagnostik standar. Tidak ada terapi definitif untuk FES dan hanya terapi suportif.
Persecution of Christians
Authors: Cisło Waldemar 
Published: November 2020

The situation of Christians in Iraq and Syria has been problematic for many years. The article first deals with the issues of social tensions caused by religious diversity. The repercussions of these conflicts are presented, with an emphasis on the problems of immigration from regions affected by the war. The article then describes the forms of aid provided in Iraq and Syria, with an emphasis on medical and humanitarian aid. The work also includes reports from these places and outlines the problems of Christian clergy in persecuted communities.
BIOMASS YIELD FOR SILAGE AND GRAIN YIELD OF MAIZE INTERCROPPED WITH SOYBEAN
Authors: BATISTA VANDERSON VIEIRA , ADAMI PAULO FERNANDO , OLIGINI KARINE FUSCHTER , LINK LUCAS , FERREIRA MICHAEL LUIZ , PEREIRA LUARA SILVA 
Published: November 2020

Maize is one of the main cereals produced worldwide and, in association withsoybean crop, can result in benefits to the production system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass yield for silage and grain yield in maize crop, in the maizesoybean intercropping system. The study was conducted in the municipality of Dois Vizinhos - PR, Brazil, using a randomized block design, with nine treatments and four replicates. The treatments were composed of three maize hybrids grown in monoculture and in intercropping with two soybean cultivars (P1630+TMG7062, P1630+P95R51, P1630, LG6030+TMG7062, LG6030+P95R51, LG6030, P30F53+TMG7062, P30F53+P95R51 and P30F53). The data were subjected to analysis of variance and, when there was significance, Scott-Knott test was applied. Maize biomass yield for silage was approximately 4,000 kg ha-1 higher when the hybrids LG6030 and/or P30F53 were used. The cultivar TMG7062 stands out from P95R51 in terms of dry biomass yield for silage. The higher the percentage of soybean biomass added to the silage, the higher its crude protein content. However, crude protein yield per area was similar for the evaluated treatments. Some yield components (number of grains per row and thousand-grain weight) and grain yield of maize differ according to the hybrid used, but similarity is observed between intercropping and monoculture. There is evidence that the soybean cultivar TMG7062, intercropped with P1630, has the potential to reduce the grain yield of the cereal.
Handover in Nursing: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Kim Eun Jung , Seomun GyeongAe 
Published: November 2020

Background and PurposeThe broad use of the term handover to describe any activity involving the transfer of professional responsibility from one person to another has led to an ambiguous understanding. Recently, handover has become a process central to the delivery of high-quality and safe patient care. The aim of this analysis was to clarify the concept of handover within the context of nursing practice.MethodsRodgers's evolutionary approach was used as the analysis method along with some aspects of the dimensional analysis guided by Caron and Bowers, to understand the perspectives of senders and receivers.ResultsThe analysis revealed four attributes of handover: transfer of information, interaction for disambiguation, process, and strategy. Handover is defined as a process for transferring responsibility from sender to receiver through communication through the transfer of information, the interaction for disambiguation, and the context-sensitive strategy for accomplishing the continuity and safety of patient care. The salient dimension of handover was process, and the sub-dimensions were transfer of information, interaction for disambiguation, and strategy. From the sender's perspectives, it is the process of transferring information organized by the sender, and from the receiver's perspective, handover is the process establishing care plan through interactive strategy.Implications for PracticeThe definition and identified attributes serve as a heuristic for designing strategies and further developing the construct of handover in nursing.
Rethinking Suicide Risk With a New Generation of Suicide Theories
Authors: Keefner Tamara P. , Stenvig Thomas 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundSuicide is a global concern to nurses and other health-care providers. However, deaths by suicide are only part of the spectrum of suicide, as suicidal thinking and behaviors may precede a suicide attempt. Theoretical models are used infrequently in research to explain how the individual progresses from suicidal ideation to a suicide attempt. Thus, there is a critical need to advance the study of suicide with useful theoretical models to describe and explain processes whereby suicidal thoughts transition to attempts and to suicide.PurposeThis article provides a conceptual discussion and scoping review comparing historical and contemporary ideation-to-action theories of suicide.MethodSystematic reviews and meta-analyses from three databases (CINAHL, JSTOR, and PsychINFO) were reviewed to find literature describing suicide theories.ResultsHistorically, theory applications have limited capacity to differentiate between those individuals with suicidal ideations and those who attempt suicide. Newer theories, grounded in the ideation-to-action framework, propose distinct processes explaining what moves an individual from suicidal ideations toward suicidal behaviors.Implications for PracticeThe ideation-to-action theories can guide health-care providers' assessment of at-risk individuals beyond merely asking about suicidal thinking.ConclusionThe new generation of suicide theories suggest that suicidal ideations are only one component of risk. The common factor in ideation-to-action theories that distinguishes ideators from attempters is the acquired capability for suicide.
Cara Distribusi Obat yang Baik (CDOB) dan Implementasinya oleh Pedagang Besar Farmasi (PBF) di Kota Banjarmasin-Banjarbaru Tahun 2019
Authors: Yusuf Baharuddin , Avanti Christina 
Published: November 2020

Rantai distribusi obat di Indonesia tidak lepas dari keterlibatan Pedagang Besar Farmasi (PBF) dan telah diatur kualitasnya dalam Cara Distribusi Obat yang Baik (CDOB). Saat ini, BPOM menetapkan aturan kepada PBF untuk menerapkan standar aturan CDOB dengan mengeluarkan surat edaran No. B-HK 06.3.341.12.18.7023 pada tahun 2018 tentang percepatan pengajuan aplikasi untuk sertifikasi CDOB. Semua PBF di Indonesia harus mematuhi surat edaran tersebut untuk menjamin kualitas dan keamanan rantai distribusi obat, termasuk di kota Banjarmasin-Banjarbaru. Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait implementasi aturan CDOB oleh PBF di Banjarmasin-Banjarbaru pada tahun 2019. Data penelitian diambil pada bulan Januari-Februari 2020. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara dengan 30 responden dari 30 PBF. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan informasi bahwa 26 PBF (86,7%) telah menerapkan lebih dari 80% aspek CDOB. 3 PBF (10%) menerapkan 65%-80% aspek CDOB dan 1 PBF (3,3%) menerapkan 50%-64% aspek CDOB. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa PBF Banjarmasin-Banjarbaru telah menerapkan aspek CDOB pada kegiatan distribusi produk. Implementasi CDOB pada PBF perlu senantiasa dimonitor, beberapa PBF masih perlu meningkatkan kualitas implementasi CDOB untuk menjamin mutu produk farmasi. The drug distribution chain in Indonesia cannot be separated from the involvement of Pharmaceutical Wholesalers (PWS) and its quality has been regulated in Good Distribution Practice (GDP). National Drug and Food Act (NDFA) sets rules for pharmaceutical wholesaler to apply the standard of GDP by issuing a circular letter No. B-HK 06.3.341.12.18.7023 in 2018 concerning the acceleration of submission for GDP certification. Pharmaceutical wholesaler in Indonesia must comply with the circular to guarantee the quality and safety of the drug distribution chain, including in the city of Banjarmasin-Banjarbaru. Research has been conducted to obtain information related to the implementation of GDP rules by pharmaceutical wholesalers in Banjarmasin-Banjarbaru in 2019. The data were taken in January-February 2020 and collected using questionnaires and interviews to 30 respondents from 30 PWS. From the research results it is known that 26 PWS (86.7%) have applied more than 80% of GDP aspects. 3 PWS (10%) applied 65%-80% of GDP aspects and 1 PWS (3,3%) applied 65%-80% of GDP aspects. It can be concluded that the Banjarmasin-Banjarbaru PWS has implemented the GDP aspect in product distribution activities, however GDP implementation in PWS needs to be monitored continuously. Some PWSs still need to improve the quality of GDP implementation to ensure the quality of pharmaceutical products.Keywords: CDOB, Pharmaceutical Wholesalers, Banjarmasin, Banjarbaru
Introduction of a new teaching method to support Professional Identify Formation in medical students&nbsp;
Authors: Scholtens Salome , Boer Hedwig , Smit Margreet , Stam Jan Jacob , Barnhoorn Pieter C , Schmitt Antje , Fleer Joke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Professional Identify Formation is regarded as fundamental to medical education. It involves a process of socialisation where knowledge is often acquired unconsciously via social interaction. Concrete teachings to support and mediate this socialisation process are difficult to implement, because of the implicit nature of the transferred knowledge. Before effective reflection can start, the implicit knowledge has to become explicit. The authors argue that training based on the Systemic Constellation method may be a promising way to support Professional Identify Formation among medical students, by increasing students’ awareness of their own socialisation process and the implicit knowledge that they have acquired. By visualising their social context with a group of students, the method is effective in making explicit the social context and the values, beliefs, perspectives that are present. This creates the possibility to discuss these values, beliefs, perspectives and explore differences, and stimulates individual and group reflection. The method is already widely used in business settings, but not yet in the medical education setting. This article presents how this new training method was implemented in the undergraduate medical curriculum of the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, and discusses its feasibility, acceptance and perceived usefulness by medical students.
Genome-wide characterization of PEBP family genes in nine Rosaceae tree species and their expression analysis in P. mume
Authors: Zhang Man , Li Ping , Yan Xiaolan , Wang Jia , Cheng Tangren , Zhang Qixiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPhosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) constitute a common gene family found among animals, plants and microbes. Plant PEBP proteins play an important role in regulating flowering time, plant architecture as well as seed dormancy. Though PEBP family genes have been well studied in Arabidopsis and other model species, less is known about these genes in perennial trees. ResultsTo understand the evolution of PEBP genes and their functional role in flowering control, we identified 56 PEBP members belonging to three gene clades (MFT-like, FT-like, and TFL1-like) and five lineages (FT, BFT, CEN, TFL1, and MFT) across nine Rosaceae perennial species. Structural analysis revealed highly conserved gene structure and protein motifs among Rosaceae PEBP proteins. Codon usage analysis showed slightly biased codon usage across five gene lineages. With selection pressure analysis, we detected strong purifying selection constraining divergence within most lineages, while positive selection driving the divergence of FT-like and TFL1-like genes from the MFT-like gene clade. Spatial and temporal expression analyses revealed the essential role of FT in regulating floral bud breaking and blooming in P. mume. By employing a weighted gene co-expression network approach, we inferred a putative FT regulatory module required for dormancy release and blooming in P. mume. ConclusionsWe have characterized the PEBP family genes in nine Rosaceae species and examined their phylogeny, genomic syntenic relationship, duplication pattern, and expression profiles during flowering process. These results revealed the evolutionary history of PEBP genes and their functions in regulating floral bud development and blooming among Rosaceae tree species.
Leptomeningeal Cells Induce Synaptic Failure via Cathepsin B-mediated IL-1ß Production after Porphyromonas Gingivalis Infection
Authors: Huang Wanyi , Zeng Fan , Gu Yebo , Jiang Muzhou , Zhang Xinwen , Yan Xu , Kadowaki Tomoko , Mizutani Shinsuke , Kashiwazaki Haruhiko , Ni Junjun , Wu Zhou 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Synaptic failure is the earliest sign before Alzheimer’s disease (AD) onset and closely associated with cognitive decline. Clinical studies have shown that periodontitis is positively correlated with both the onset and pathological progression of AD, and preclinical studies have shown that Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), the key pathogen in periodontitis, and its virulence factors induced memory decline in mice. However, the mechanisms underlying the involvement of P. gingivalis in memory decline remain unclear. Methods: We used primary leptomeningeal cells and primary cortical neurons to evaluate the effects of leptomeningeal cells on synaptic generation and plasticity after P. gingivalis infection in vitro. The expression of the related molecules was examined by mRNA in real time and by protein levels using Western blotting. Pharmacological and genetic approaches were used to explore the mechanism underlying the involvement of leptomeningeal cells in synaptic changes after P. gingivalis infection. Results: NLRP3 inflammasome activation was involved in augmenting the IL-1β secretion by primary leptomeningeal cells after P. gingivalis infection, as determined by the knockdown of NLRP3 with siRNA. Cathepsin B (CatB) mediated the activation of both NLRP3 inflammasomes and NF-κB for the production of IL-1β by P. gingivalis-infected primary leptomeningeal cells, as determined by the pharmacologically specific inhibition of CatB. In contrast, P. gingivalis-infected leptomeningeal cells induced an IL-1β-dependent decrease in pre- and post-synaptic molecules in primary cortical neurons, as determined by the pharmacological blockage of the IL-1 receptor. P. gingivalis-infected leptomeningeal cells also induced the IL-1β-dependent suppression of BDNF signaling in cultured N2a neurons, a stable mouse neural cell line. Furthermore, propolis, which is produced by honeybees, suppressed the expression of IL-1β but increased that of BDNF in P. gingivalis-infected leptomeningeal cells. Conclusion: The CatB-mediated IL-1β production was augmented in leptomeningeal cells, resulting in synaptic failure and blockage of BDNF signaling in neurons during P. gingivalis infection. These findings highlight a new mechanism underlying the involvement of periodontitis in AD initiation and suggest that CatB may be an early intervention therapeutic target for delaying the onset of AD during P. gingivalis infection.
WITHDRAWN: Effect of Saliva Fluid Properties on Pathogen Transmissibility
Authors: Reyes Jonathan , Fontes Douglas , Bazzi Alexander , Otero Michelle , Ahmed Kareem , Kinzel Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With an increasing body of evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is an airborne pathogen, droplet character formed during speech, coughs, and sneezes are important. Larger droplets tend to fall faster and are less prone to drive the airborne transmission pathway. Alternatively, small droplets (aerosols) can remain suspended for long time periods. The small size of SARS-CoV-2 enables it to be encapsulated in these aerosols, thereby increasing the pathogen’s ability to be transmitted via airborne paths. Droplet formation during human respiratory events relates to airspeed (speech, cough, sneeze), fluid properties of the saliva/mucus, and the fluid content itself. In this work, we study the fluidic drivers (fluid properties and content) and their influence on factors relating to transmissibility. We explore the relationship between saliva fluid properties and droplet airborne transmission paths. Interestingly, the natural human response appears to potentially work with these drivers to mitigate pathogen transmission. In this work, the saliva is varied using two approaches: (1) modifying the saliva with colloids that increase the viscosity/surface tension, and (2) stimulating the saliva content to increased/decreased levels. Through modern experimental and numerical flow diagnostic methods, the character, content, and exposure to droplets and aerosols are all evaluated. The results indicate that altering the saliva properties can significantly impact the droplet size distribution, the formation of aerosols, the trajectory of the bulk of the droplet plume, and the exposure (or transmissibility) to droplets. High-fidelity numerical methods used and verify that increased droplet size character enhances droplet fallout. In the context of natural saliva response, we find previous studies indicating natural human responses of increased saliva viscosity from stress and reduced saliva content from either stress or illness. These responses both favorably correspond to reduced transmissibility. Such a finding also relates to potential control methods, hence, we compared results to a surgical mask. In general, we find that saliva alteration can produce fewer and larger droplets with less content and aerosols. Such results indicate a novel approach to alter SARS-CoV-2’s transmission path and may act as a way to control the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as influenza and the common cold.
False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder in Japanese: A Pilot, Single-arm Uncontrolled Study
Authors: Arai Honami , Okawa Sho , Seki Yoichi , Shimizu Eiji , Takahashi Sho , Korte Kristina Jo , Schmidt Norman Brad 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is an excessive fear of social situations that can lead to serious functional impairment; it negatively affects a person’s self-esteem and social interactions. Its prevalence has increased over the past four decades, and SAD is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in Japan. Therefore, more precise interventions are needed. This study administered false safety behavior elimination therapy (F-SET), which eliminates safety behavior (i.e., strategies that reduce anxiety), to six Japanese patients with SAD. This is the first adaptation of F-SET into Japanese. Seven patients were screened, 6 (mean age of 27.83, only males) were eligible for the study criteria. All patients received five weekly 60-minute F-SET sessions. At post-F-SET, the mean reduction in Liebowiz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) scores from baseline was -20.50 (95%CI: -30.65, -10.35, p = .003). After completing the treatment, all participants showed substantially decreased SAD symptoms, which indicates preliminary support for the adapted treatment’s efficacy.
BMSC-CM prevents over-differentiation of NSCs to astrocytes by upregulating Smad 6 expression
Authors: Han Tianyu , Song Peiwen , Xia Xiang , Wang Ying , Fang Huang , Niu Yang , Shen Cailiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI) as they can provide a favorable environment for the regrowth of neurons and axons by inhibiting receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) in endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs). However, their mechanism of action and effect on the expression of inhibitory Smads (I-Smads) remains unclear.Method: Conditioned medium (CM) was collected from bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) isolated from rats with SCIs, and its effect on the regulation of Smad 6 expression was tested in vitro (in NSCs) and in vivo (SCI rats). Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry staining were used to investigate the proportion of neurons and astrocytes in vitro and in vivo. BBB scores were used to assess the neurological outcome of SCI rats at different time points.Results: BMSC-CM could upregulate Smad 6 expression in vitro. BMSC-CM-induced upregulation was suppressed by pre-treatment with the TGF-β type I receptor kinase inhibitor SB431542. BMSC-CM was able to promote the differentiation of NSCs to neurons; Smad 6 knockdown in NSCs partly weakened this effect on neural differentiation. In vivo, Smad 6 expression in the later phase of injury was closely associated with BMSC-CM treatment. Conclusion: BMSC-CM can upregulate Smad 6 expression by the secretion of TGF-β. It promotes the differentiation of NSCs into neurons, partly through upregulation of Smad 6.