bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and comparison of different cooperative cellular networks
Authors: Mahmoud Imbaby I. , Elgazzar Osama H. , Hashima Sherief , Konber Hussein A. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis paper addresses cochannel interference (CCI) in mobile networks. So enhancements of network performance by decreasing CCI are assessed using four diverse interference reduction techniques. These techniques signify traditional sectored fractional frequency reuse (FFR), sectored FFR with beamforming (BF), relay‐assisted (R‐A) sectored FFR, and R‐A sectored FFR with BF technique. Additionally, each BF cooperative technique applies the vertical BF, three‐dimensional (3D) BF, and horizontal BF. Consequently, sectored FFR with BF contains three cases. These cases indicate sectored FFR applies horizontal BF, sectored FFR deploys vertical BF, and sectored FFR uses 3D BF. Furthermore, there are three different arrangements of applying BF in R‐A sectored FFR with BF. These arrangements signify that relay station (RS) employs BF only, base station (BS) uses BF only, and both RS and BS apply BF. Therefore, each arrangement consists of three different cases according to the applied BF technique. Consequently, nine dissimilar cases are considered. Also, a comparison of all cases in different techniques is introduced to enhance the network performance. Analytical treatments are conducted. As a result, closed‐form expressions (CFEs) for worst cases cell‐center user's (CCU's) signal‐to‐interference ratio (SIR), cell‐edge user's (CEU's) SIR, and inner radius (IR) are implemented. These closed forms are used to complete the comparison of all techniques using numerous performance evaluation metrics. The results show, that as unpredicted, the performance of R‐A sectored FFR is close to that of R‐A sectored FFR BF in low SIR threshold and high path‐loss exponent (PLE) ranges. Therefore, R‐A sectored FFR is preferred to be used from the perspectives of network cost and power consumption. Furthermore, vertical BF shows performance close to that of 3D BF in low PLE range. Consequently, using vertical BF is preferable with regard to the energy preservation and network budget. Moreover, it is noticed that BS that applies BF arrangement outperforms other arrangements when vertical or horizontal BF technique is applied. Additionally, the arrangement of both RS and BS that apply BF is superior to the other arrangements when 3D BF is used. But, as expected, it does worse than the others if the other BF techniques are applied. The work results achieve much higher CEU SIR enhancement. Therefore, the probability of outage is decreased. Then, rate of served users by the network is heightened. Accordingly, the total network cost is reduced. So this study advances the network performance while maintaining lower network cost.
Fractional radiofrequency microneedling for skin rejuvenation
Authors: Cook Jonathan , Waughtel Jessica , Lennox Krystie P. , Pozner Jason N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPatients continue to seek aesthetic procedures that treat intrinsic aging, progressive photodamage, skin laxity, and facial rhytids. Using the latest generation of radiofrequency microneedling (RFM) technology, it is possible to achieve elegant results when treating these concerns. In this article, we will discuss the mechanism of RFM, review the improvements in the latest generation of this technology, and consider applications of this device in aesthetic practice.
Representation and complementarity of the long‐term coral monitoring on the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Mellin C. , Peterson E. E. , Puotinen M. , Schaffelke B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEffective environmental management hinges on efficient and targeted monitoring, which in turn should adapt to increasing disturbance regimes that now characterize most ecosystems. Habitats and biodiversity of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GBR), the world’s largest coral reef ecosystem, are in declining condition, prompting a review of the effectiveness of existing coral monitoring programs. Applying a regional model of coral cover (i.e., the most widely used proxy for coral reef condition globally) within major benthic communities, we assess the representation and complementarity of existing long‐term coral reef monitoring programs on the GBR. We show that existing monitoring has captured up to 45% of the environmental diversity on the GBR, while some geographic areas (including major hotspots of cyclone activity over the last 30 yr) have remained unmonitored. Further, we identified complementary groups of reefs characterized by similar benthic community composition and similar coral cover trajectories since 1996. The mosaic of their distribution across the GBR reflects spatial variation in the cumulative impact of multiple acute disturbances, as well as spatial gradients in coral recovery potential. Representation and complementarity, in combination with other performance assessment criteria, can inform the cost‐effective design and stratification of future surveys. Based on these results, we formulate recommendations to assist with the design of future long‐term coral reef monitoring programs.
Decoding diversity in a coral reef fish species complex with restricted range using metagenomic sequencing of gut contents
Authors: French Beverly J. , Lim Yan Wei , Zgliczynski Brian J. , Edwards Robert A. , Rohwer Forest , Sandin Stuart A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimIdentification of the processes that generate and maintain species diversity within the same region can provide insight into biogeographic patterns at broader spatiotemporal scales. Hawkfishes in the genus Paracirrhites are a unique taxon to explore with respect to niche differentiation, exhibiting diagnostic differences in coloration, and an apparent center of distribution outside of the Indo–Malay–Philippine (IMP) biodiversity hotspot for coral reef fishes. Our aim is to use next‐generation sequencing methods to leverage samples of a taxon at their center of maximum diversity to explore phylogenetic relationships and a possible mechanism of coexistence.LocationFlint Island, Southern Line Islands, Republic of Kiribati.MethodsA comprehensive review of museum records, the primary literature, and unpublished field survey records was undertaken to determine ranges for four “arc‐eye” hawkfish species in the Paracirrhites species complex and a potential hybrid. Fish from four Paracirrhites species were collected from Flint Island in the Southern Line Islands, Republic of Kiribati. Hindgut contents were sequenced, and subsequent metagenomic analyses were used to assess the phylogenetic relatedness of the host fish, the microbiome community structure, and prey remains for each species.ResultsPhylogenetic analyses conducted with recovered mitochondrial genomes revealed clustering of P. bicolor with P. arcatus and P. xanthus with P. nisus, which were unexpected on the basis of previous morphological work in this species complex. Differences in taxonomic composition of gut microbial communities and presumed prey remains indicate likely separation of foraging niches.Main ConclusionsOur findings point toward previously unidentified relationships in this cryptic species complex at its proposed center of distribution. The three species endemic to the Polynesian province (P. nisus, P. xanthus, and P. bicolor) cluster separately from the more broadly distributed P. arcatus on the basis of relative abundance of metazoan sequences in the gut (presumed prey remains). Discordance between gut microbial communities and phylogeny of the host fish further reinforce the hypothesis of niche separation.
Outcome differences in acute vs. acute on chronic heart failure and cardiogenic shock
Authors: Jones Tara L. , Tan Michael C. , Nguyen Vidang , Kearney Kathleen E. , Maynard Charles C. , Anderson Emily , Mahr Claudius , McCabe James M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsDespite advances in coronary reperfusion and percutaneous mechanical circulatory support, mortality among patients presenting with cardiogenic shock (CS) remains unacceptably high. Clinical trials and risk stratification tools have largely focused on acute CS, particularly secondary to acute coronary syndrome. Considerably less is understood about CS in the setting of acute decompensation in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). We sought to compare outcomes between patients with acute CS and patients with acute on chronic decompensated HF presenting with laboratory and haemodynamic features consistent with CS.Methods and resultsSequential patients admitted with CS at a single quaternary centre between January 2014 and August 2017 were identified. Acute on chronic CS was defined by having a prior diagnosis of HF. Initial haemodynamic and laboratory data were collected for analysis. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were use of temporary mechanical circulatory support, durable ventricular assist device implantation, total artificial heart implantation, or heart transplantation. Comparison of continuous variables was performed using Student's t‐test. For categorical variables, the χ2 statistic was used. A total of 235 patients were identified: 51 patients (32.8%) had acute CS, and 184 patients (64.3%) had acute decompensation of chronic HF with no differences in age (52 ± 22 vs. 55 ± 14 years, P = 0.28) or gender (26% vs. 23%, P = 0.75) between the two groups. Patients with acute CS were more likely to suffer in‐hospital death (31.4% vs. 9.8%, P < 0.01) despite higher usage of temporary mechanical circulatory support (52% vs. 25%, P < 0.01) compared with patients presenting with acute on chronic HF. The only clinically significant haemodynamic differences at admission were a higher heart rate (101 ± 29 vs. 82 ± 17 b.p.m., P < 0.01) and wider pulse pressure (34 ± 19 vs. 29 ± 10 mmHg, P < 0.01) in the acute CS group. There were no significant differences in degree of shock based on commonly used CS parameters including mean arterial pressure (72 ± 12 vs. 74 ± 10 mmHg, P = 0.23), cardiac output (3.9 ± 1.2 vs. 3.8 ± 1.2 L/min, P = 0.70), or cardiac power index (0.32 ± 0.09 vs. 0.30 ± 0.09 W/m2, P = 0.24) between the two groups.ConclusionsCurrent definitions and risk stratification models for CS based on clinical trials performed in the setting of acute coronary syndrome may not accurately reflect CS in patients with acute on chronic HF. Further investigation into CS in patients with acute on chronic HF is warranted.
Rationally designed Spot 42 RNAs with an inhibition/toxicity profile advantageous for engineering E. coli
Authors: Vogel Carolin , Gynnå Arvid H. , Yuan Jinwen , Bao Letian , Liljeruhm Josefine , Forster Anthony C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBacterial regulatory small RNAs (sRNAs) have shown promise for gene knock‐down studies and metabolic engineering. However, some mRNAs might be difficult to target due to poor binding by the Hfq chaperone, individual synthetic sRNAs can have off‐target effects, potential sRNA toxicities have not been studied globally, and a consensus on optimal sRNA design has yet to emerge. Here, Spot 42 sRNA is validated as an excellent scaffold by showing that its over‐expression minimally affects the growth rate of Escherichia coli, and that inhibition is reliably achieved for all eight tested protein targets by designing antisense to target the first few codons. Two related sRNAs that could not be cloned, possibly due to lethality of the encoded sRNAs, became clonable when an eight‐nucleotide sequence was inserted directly upstream of the antisense region. Global fitness costs for E. coli of the designer sRNAs were measured and found to be variable but tolerable. Importantly for utility, there was no correlation between target inhibition and cellular toxicity. As a proof of concept for applications, suppression of the UAG stop codon was improved by knock down of translation release factor 1 (RF1).
Experimental and numerical investigations of actuator disks for wind turbines
Authors: Ranjbar Mohammad Hassan , Zanganeh Kia Hadi , Nasrazadani Seyyed Abolfazl , Gharali Kobra , Nathwani Jatin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe expenses of a wind turbine modeling in particular a wind farm modeling either numerically or experimentally cause to take the advantages of actuator disks (AD). Porous disks (PD) are used to simulate actuator disks in experiments especially for wake studies. A rotor of a wind turbine replaced by a PD can be modeled efficiently with less cost and process time. For a proper PD selection, some semi‐empirical equations are suggested for a range of solidity of 0.2‐0.6. These equations came from a number of tests. The PDs with different dimensions and solidity values were considered for the tests and models. The results of 2D and 3D numerical simulations and the experimental results show that at the solidity of 0.5, the coefficient of performance of a PD reaches approximately 16/27 which is equal to the Betz's limit; the relation between the coefficient of power and the solidity is fitted by a parabolic equation. The average error of the proposed equations for the power coefficient is reported 1.59%. Finally, based on the current results, some semi‐empirical equations are suggested to help the initial PD selection, and then, the cost of further studies may decrease.
Laser‐Printed, Flexible Graphene Pressure Sensors
Authors: Kaidarova Altynay , Alsharif Nouf , Oliveira Barbara Nicoly M. , Marengo Marco , Geraldi Nathan R. , Duarte Carlos M. , Kosel Jurgen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhile the outstanding properties of graphene have attracted a lot of attention, one of the major bottlenecks of its widespread usage is its availability in large volumes. Laser printing graphene on polyimide films is an efficient single‐step fabrication process that can remedy this issue. A laser‐printed, flexible pressure sensor is developed utilizing the piezoresistive effect of 3D porous graphene. The pressure sensors performance can be easily adjusted via the geometrical parameters. They have a sensitivity in the range of 1.23 × 10−3kPa and feature a high resolution with a detection limit of 10 Pa in combination with an extremely wide dynamic range of at least 20 MPa. They also provide excellent long‐term stability of at least 15 000 cycles. The biocompatibility of laser‐induced graphene is also evaluated by cytotoxicity assays and fluorescent staining, which show an insignificant drop in viability. Polymethyl methacrylate coating is particularly useful for underwater applications, protecting the sensors from biofouling and shunt currents, and enable operation at a depth of 2 km in highly saline Red Sea water. Due to its features, the sensors are a prime choice for multiple healthcare applications; for example, they are used for heart rate monitoring, plantar pressure measurements, and tactile sensing.
A diffusion‐based compensation approach for intensity inhomogeneity correction in MRI
Authors: George Maryjo M. , Kalaivani S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntensity inhomogeneity is considered as an inherent artifact in magnetic resonance images and is prominent in high‐field strength scanners. An effective and conceptually simple retrospective correction technique is introduced in this article that implements a compensation function based on spatially constrained fuzzy c‐means clustering to reduce the effect of intensity inhomogeneity. Intensity compensation functions are estimated on each clustered region and are subsequently processed with an anisotropic diffusion strategy. The proposed approach does not require any parametric models or prior knowledge on the acquisition process for the intensity inhomogeneity correction. The proposed diffusion based technique was evaluated on simulated and real data sets and the results were compared with some of the prominent correction methods. The quantitative analyses in terms of coefficient of variation and coefficient of joint variation ensure the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The experimental analyses of the results show that the proposed methodology outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
Mineralization of simulated flue gas to prepare CaCO3 whisker using suspended CaSO4
Authors: Lu Shuangqiang , Miao Yuming , Liu Zhongqing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCaCO3 whiskers were synthesized controllably by introducing simulated flue gas containing CO2 and N2 into a CaSO4 suspension. The effects of solution pH, reaction temperature, and simulated flue gas on the formation of CaCO3 whiskers were studied. The growth mechanism and growth model of CaCO3 whiskers had also been provisionally recommended. The reaction product was characterized by scanning electron microscopy analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. CaCO3 whiskers with 97% purity were synthesized at pH 7.5, 80°C, 0.1 L/min CO2 flow rate, and 16.7% CO2 purity, with a length between 15 and 20 μm and an aspect ratio of about 12.
Interactions between the MMP‐3 gene rs591058 polymorphism and occupational risk factors contribute to the increased risk for lumbar disk herniation: A case‐control study
Authors: Luo Yongjun , Wang Jiaxing , Pei Jie , Rong Yuluo , Liu Wei , Tang Pengyu , Cai Weihua , Yin GuoYong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveLumbar disk herniation (LDH) is a complex condition based on lumbar disk degeneration (LDD). Previous studies have shown that genetic factors are highly associated with the severity and risk for LDH. This case‐control study was aimed to evaluate the association between the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐3 gene rs591058 C/T polymorphism and LDH risk in a southern Chinese population.MethodsA total of 231 LDH patients and 312 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Genotyping was analyzed using a standard polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP).ResultsIt was observed that TT genotype or T allele carriers of the MMP‐3 gene rs591058 C/T polymorphism was more likely associated with an increased risk for LDH. Subgroup analyses showed the following characteristics increased the risk for LDH: female sex; cigarette smoking; and alcohol consumption. Furthermore, individuals with high whole body vibration, bending/twisting, and lifting were associated with an increased risk for LDH.ConclusionTaken together, these data indicated that the MMP‐3 gene rs591058 C/T polymorphism was associated with an increased risk for LDH. The MMP‐3 gene rs591058 C/T polymorphism might serve as a clinical indicator and marker for LDH risk in the Chinese population.
Aldehyde dehydrogenases contribute to skeletal muscle homeostasis in healthy, aging, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients
Authors: Etienne Jessy , Joanne Pierre , Catelain Cyril , Riveron Stéphanie , Bayer Alexandra Clarissa , Lafable Jérémy , Punzon Isabel , Blot Stéphane , Agbulut Onnik , Vilquin Jean‐Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are key players in cell survival, protection, and differentiation via the metabolism and detoxification of aldehydes. ALDH activity is also a marker of stem cells. The skeletal muscle contains populations of ALDH‐positive cells amenable to use in cell therapy, whose distribution, persistence in aging, and modifications in myopathic context have not been investigated yet.MethodsThe Aldefluor® (ALDEF) reagent was used to assess the ALDH activity of muscle cell populations, whose phenotypic characterizations were deepened by flow cytometry. The nature of ALDH isoenzymes expressed by the muscle cell populations was identified in complementary ways by flow cytometry, immunohistology, and real‐time PCR ex vivo and in vitro. These populations were compared in healthy, aging, or Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, healthy non‐human primates, and Golden Retriever dogs (healthy vs. muscular dystrophic model, Golden retriever muscular dystrophy [GRMD]).ResultsALDEF+ cells persisted through muscle aging in humans and were equally represented in several anatomical localizations in healthy non‐human primates. ALDEF+ cells were increased in dystrophic individuals in humans (nine patients with DMD vs. five controls: 14.9 ± 1.63% vs. 3.6 ± 0.39%, P = 0.0002) and dogs (three GRMD dogs vs. three controls: 10.9 ± 2.54% vs. 3.7 ± 0.45%, P = 0.049). In DMD patients, such increase was due to the adipogenic ALDEF+/CD34+ populations (11.74 ± 1.5 vs. 2.8 ± 0.4, P = 0.0003), while in GRMD dogs, it was due to the myogenic ALDEF+/CD34− cells (3.6 ± 0.6% vs. 1.03 ± 0.23%, P = 0.0165). Phenotypic characterization associated the ALDEF+/CD34− cells with CD9, CD36, CD49a, CD49c, CD49f, CD106, CD146, and CD184, some being associated with myogenic capacities. Cytological and histological analyses distinguished several ALDH isoenzymes (ALDH1A1, 1A2, 1A3, 1B1, 1L1, 2, 3A1, 3A2, 3B1, 3B2, 4A1, 7A1, 8A1, and 9A1) expressed by different cell populations in the skeletal muscle tissue belonging to multinucleated fibres, or myogenic, endothelial, interstitial, and neural lineages, designing them as potential new markers of cell type or of metabolic activity. Important modifications were noted in isoenzyme expression between healthy and DMD muscle tissues. The level of gene expression of some isoenzymes (ALDH1A1, 1A3, 1B1, 2, 3A2, 7A1, 8A1, and 9A1) suggested their specific involvement in muscle stability or regeneration in situ or in vitro.ConclusionsThis study unveils the importance of the ALDH family of isoenzymes in the skeletal muscle physiology and homeostasis, suggesting their roles in tissue remodelling in the context of muscular dystrophies.
High selective hydroxylation of phenol catalyzed by PNP ligand‐containing [FeFe]‐hydrogenase model complexes
Authors: Li Bin , Wang Di , Zhang Tianyong , Jiang Shuang , Wang Jingchao , Ma Xiaoyuan , Liu Yiwei , Wang Kaijun , Yan Ziran 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDDihydroxybenzene (DHB) which is an important raw material and intermediate of the organic chemical industry can be prepared by hydroxylation of phenol, so it promotes the study of highly selective catalyst for hydroxylation of phenol.RESULTSTwo novel PNP ((Ph2P)2NPh) ligand‐substituted di‐iron complexes were synthesized under controllable reaction conditions via carbon monoxide (CO)/ligand substitution of the parent complex (μ‐budt)Fe2(CO)6 [budt = SCH(CH3)CH2CH2)S]. The substituted complexes 1 and 2 were fully characterized by solution infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetoresonance spectroscopy, single crystal X‐ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry and density functional theory calculations. Due to its favorable redox properties, Complex 1 was adopted first as an efficient catalyst for the hydroxylation of phenol to DHB (dihydroxybenzene) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant and H2O as solvent. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the conversion of phenol achieved 42.0%, the selectivity of DHB was ≤88.6% and the catechol:hydroquinone ratio (mol mol−1) was 2.2. Furthermore, only trace amounts of benzoquinone, as a deeply oxidized product, was detected (yield c. 0.1%).CONCLUSIONComplex 1 could be a new type of catalyst for the hydroxylation of phenol to hydroquinone owing to the mild reaction conditions and excellent catalytic performance. In addition, a possible catalytic reaction mechanism was related to the special structure of Complex 1 which features an internal base of amine in PNP ligand.