An Integrated Approach to Characterize Geological Features and Improve History Match of Water Movement Behavior in Giant Offshore Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Qi Zili , AlZinati Osama , Almurshidi Saja , Copa Cordell , Alzaabi Noura , AlDhanhani Helal , AlNeyadi Abdulla , Fazal Ayub 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the subject reservoir, geological features (high perm streaks and fractures) are the key performance drivers that affect injected water movement behavior. However the horizontal and vertical distribution of these features have high uncertainties and it is very challenging to accurately capture these features and map into model. Here we developed one workflow to capture these features by integrating different sources of solid data, from core, open-hole resistivity log, PLT, well testing, production and surveillance data, etc. This reservoir has been on production for decades and plenty of static and dynamic data were acquired for the whole field. Among those data, conventional core analysis (CCAL), log derived k-PHIE regression, and well testing will measure reservoir permeability values, which could give guidance to the areal distribution of high perm and low perm regions. Afterwards, the difference between well test interpreted perm and CCAL measured perm could give some indication of some geological features (HKS, fractures, etc.) existing or not. Furthermore, these geological features could be further confirmed by the dynamic data, such as open-hole resistivity logs, PLT, and well production performance data, etc. After confirmation, those preliminary geological features will be mapped into static and simulation models, and the seamless geo-engineering loop of history match process will proceed until the final history match stage without compromising geologic plausibility and consistency.
Going through the above integration workflow, the history match process was completed and the final history matched simulation model gives very promising water saturation match quality in both horizontal and vertical directions. In the horizontal direction, ∼90% of the producers get water cut match (trend and magnitude, dWC&lt;5%), and also for recent drilled long horizontal producers (maximum reservoir contact (MRC) wells), model production profiles and water entry points along the laterals have good alignment with PLT and open-hole resistivity log data. In the vertical direction, model water saturation profiles have good alignment with open-hole resistivity log trend for hundreds of wells (∼90% matched). PLT and WFL also have very good match quality. In general this simulation model could reproduce water movement very well in three dimensions using this new integration workflow, with much improvement compared to current the model. It gives higher confidence in the model predictive capacity, and the future field development plan will be studied using this New Generation Model
Based on this integrated approach, a more plausible and consistent set of geological features are mapped and thus achieve promising history match quality of water movement with minimum local modifications, and thus enhance the model predictive capacity and provide better support of the life cycle field development.