bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Darkening of lead‐ and iron‐based pigments on late Gothic Italian wall paintings: Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence, μ‐Raman, and powder X‐ray diffraction analyses for diagnosis: Presence of β‐PbO2(plattnerite) and α‐PbO2(scrutinyite)
Authors: Costantini Ilaria , Lottici Pier Paolo , Bersani Danilo , Pontiroli Daniele , Casoli Antonella , Castro Kepa , Madariaga Juan Manuel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis work reports the results of an extensive study carried out on the wall paintings preserved inside the Saint Stephen's chapel in Montani (Val Venosta, Bozen, Italy), by means of μ‐Raman spectroscopy, portable X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, and powder X‐ray diffraction, in order to characterize materials and their alteration products that cause the blackening of paintings. In situ XRF analysis allowed identifying the areas of interest where the blackening appeared. The complementary analytical techniques allowed reconstructing a chromatic palette used by the artists that includes expensive pigments, such as lapis lazuli and cinnabar, indicating a wealthy client. Raman spectra at very low power recorded on blackened degraded samples showed the presence of a mixture of the two polymorphs of lead (IV) dioxide, plattnerite (β‐PbO2), and scrutinyte (α‐PbO2), as degradation products of lead‐based pigments. On these samples, no evidence of white lead was found, although a white lead conversion treatment had been applied on the paintings. The degradation of red lead (Pb3O4) into a mixture of plattnerite, scrutinyte, and anglesite (PbSO4) was demonstrated in some darkened samples. Furthermore, the degradation of haematite (Fe2O3) with the formation of magnetite (Fe3O4) and coquimbite (Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O) was also identified as responsible for the blackening of the paintings. The influence of original materials and environmental and anthropogenic factors such as the valley's orography and the presence of contaminating agents (SOx) is discussed to explain the decay phenomena.
Synthesis, Characterization, Evaluation of Interfacial Properties and Antibacterial Activities of Dicarboxylate Anacardic Acid Derivatives from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid of Anacardium occidentale L.
Authors: Koteich Khatib Sonia , Bullón Johnny , Vivas Jesús , Bahsas Ali , Rosales‐Oballos Yolima , Marquez Ronald , Forgiarini Ana , Salager Jean Louis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAnacardic acid, 2‐hydroxy‐6‐[(8Z,11Z‐pentadeca‐8,11,14‐trienyl]‐benzoic acid, extracted from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), has been structurally modified to obtain the 2‐(O‐carboxymethyl)‐6‐[(8Z,11Z)‐pentadeca‐8,11,14‐trienyl]‐benzoic acid and its disodium carboxylate salt. Our separation method allows to easily obtain anacardic acid, which has been of interest for the fabrication of green products. These methods proposed for the first time to synthesize these derivatives are short and cheap, and with a high yield. The elucidation of its structure was carried out by means of infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Interfacial rheology properties of surfactant‐air‐water and surfactant‐heptane‐water systems were determined by using a new oscillating spinning drop rheometer apparatus. Physicochemical characterization was performed with a salinity scan in a surfactant‐heptane‐brine system, obtaining a value of the surfactant characteristic parameter σ = −4.3 for the disodium salt and a critical micellar concentration (cmc) of 0.08 wt%, showing high surface activity. The biological activity of both compounds was determined and measurements of their potential antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria were performed, exhibiting high effectiveness, especially for the disodium salt against Gram‐positive bacteria.
Role of Bacillus species in biofilm persistence and emerging antibiofilm strategies in the dairy industry
Authors: Shemesh Moshe , Ostrov Ievgeniia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBiofilm‐forming Bacillus species are often involved in persistent contamination and spoilage of dairy products. They therefore present a major microbiological challenge in the field of dairy food quality and safety. Due to their substantial physiological versatility, Bacillus species can survive in various parts of dairy manufacturing plants, leading to a high risk of product spoilage and potential dissemination of foodborne diseases. Furthermore, biofilm and heat‐resistant spore formation make these bacteria challenging to eliminate. Thus, some strategies have been employed to remove, prevent, or delay the formation of Bacillus biofilms in the dairy industry, but with limited success. Lack of understanding of the Bacillus biofilm structure and behavior in conditions relevant to dairy‐associated environments could partially account for this situation. The current paper reviews dairy‐associated biofilm formation by Bacillus species, with particular attention to the role of biofilm in Bacillus species adaptation and survival in a dairy processing environment. Relevant model systems are discussed for the development of novel antimicrobial approaches to improve the quality of dairy food. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Isolation of biogenic amine‐negative lactic acid bacteria for Chinese rice wine fermentation based on molecular marker reverse screening
Authors: Xiong Zhi‐Qiang , Cao Li‐Rui , Wang Guang‐Qiang , Xia Yong‐Jun , Yang Yi‐Jin , Bai Wei‐Dong , Ai Lian‐Zhong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDChinese rice wine (CRW; a traditional alcoholic beverage in China with unique flavor and high nutritional value) containing high level of biogenic amines (BAs) may be deleterious to human health. The processes of rice soaking, primary fermentation and secondary fermentation were found to be the major factors for accumulation of BAs during industrial CRW production.RESULTSTo reduce the risk of the formation of BAs in CRW production, Enterococcus durans AR315, a BA‐negative lactic acid bacterium, was isolated from CRW samples by PCR‐based molecular marker reverse screening in this work. With addition of AR315 during steeping rice phase, the level of total BAs was significantly decreased by 45.1% in comparison with the control. Moreover, the final BA concentration with the addition of AR315 was 27.6% lower than that of the control during fermentation phase.CONCLUSIONSTo our knowledge, this is the first report of decreased accumulation of BAs in CRW production using a BA‐negative lactic acid bacterium. Hence, using a BA‐negative lactic acid bacterium as a starter culture could be an efficient strategy for significantly reducing the formation of BAs, which has the potential for industrial application in CRW production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of grape ripeness, carbonic maceration and pectolytic enzymes to improve the chemical and sensory quality of red sparkling wines
Authors: González‐Lázaro Miriam , Martínez‐Lapuente Leticia , Guadalupe Zenaida , Ayestaran Belén , Bueno‐Herrera Marta , López de la Cuesta Pedro , Pérez‐Magariño Silvia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDRed sparkling wines are and innovative product for the oenology market, and oenologists are looking for technologies to improve their winemaking. The present study aimed to use both carbonic maceration and pectolytic enzymes applied to premature grapes during the winemaking of red sparkling wines. Both could modify the release of polyphenols, as well as improve the foaming, aroma and sensory properties of the wines.RESULTSRed sparkling wines made with mature grapes showed the highest content of polyphenols, ethyl esters, alcohol acetates, total volatile acids and foam stability time. They were characterised by a high foam collar and foam area, full‐body, astringency, persistence, and olfactory intensity, and were the best evaluated with respect to global perception in the sensory analysis. Treatment with pectolytic enzymes was not effective with unripe grapes. These wines showed a high content of total ethyl esters and the highest content of lactones, producing wines with high olfactory intensity and fruity aromas. Red sparkling wines made by carbonic maceration showed the lowest content of total polyphenols, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, as well as high contents of C6 alcohols and total ethyl esters, and were characterised by vegetal aroma notes. Both treatments produced red sparkling wines with good foam characteristics.CONCLUSIONWinemaking of red sparkling wines with premature grapes and pectinolytic enzymes or carbonic maceration did not achieve an improvement with respect to their chemical and sensory qualities. The use of mature grapes and traditional winemaking is the best option for elaborating red quality sparkling wines. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of chicken wooden breast on quality and oxidative stability of raw and cooked sausages subjected to frozen storage
Authors: Cavalcante da Rocha Thayse , de Carvalho Leila Moreira , Soares Alida Janine , Coutinho Daniella Godoy , Olegario Lary Souza , de Sousa Galvão Mércia , Estévez Mario , Madruga Marta Suely 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDConsidering (i) the increased incidence of wooden breast (WB) myopathy in broilers, (ii) the poor meat quality in such breasts and (iii) the lack of studies on the industrial use of WBs; the objective of this study was to investigate the quality of chicken sausages made with WB under frozen conditions. Three formulations of chicken sausage [100% normal (N) breast, 100% WB, and 50% N breast + 50% WB] were considered and raw and cooked (70 °C/10 min) sausages were frozen for 180 days and evaluated for their quality and oxidative stability.RESULTSWB formulations exhibited higher pH, moisture (%), and shear force (SF), associated with lower water holding capacity (WHC) and fat (%). During the freezing period, there was a decrease in WHC and redness (a*) and an increase in cooking loss (CL) and SF for all formulations. Additionally, during freezing, thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances values were higher in raw sausages made with N breast than in sausage made with WB probably due to the higher fat content in the former. Results showed that the products did not reach noticeable rancid levels (<2 mg malondialdehyde/kg) and that WB sausage presented great resistance to oxidation, which suggests that WB sausage can be kept frozen at −20 °C for up to 198 days.CONCLUSIONUsing WBs for the manufacture of chicken sausages subjected to freezing is a viable option given their overall quality and resistance to oxidation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Antibacterial Activity of Hexadecynoic Acid Isomers toward Clinical Isolates of Multidrug‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sanabria‐Ríos David J. , Morales‐Guzmán Christian , Mooney Joseph , Medina Solymar , Pereles‐De‐León Tomás , Rivera‐Román Ashley , Ocasio‐Malavé Carlimar , Díaz Damarith , Chorna Nataliya , Carballeira Néstor M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the structural characteristics that impart antibacterial activity to C16 alkynoic fatty acids (aFA) were further investigated. The syntheses of hexadecynoic acids (HDA) containing triple bonds at C‐3, C‐6, C‐8, C‐9, C‐10, and C‐12 were carried out in four steps and with an overall yield of 34–78%. In addition, HDA analogs containing a sulfur atom at either C‐4 or C‐5 were also prepared in 69–77% overall yields, respectively. Results from this study revealed that the triple bond at C‐2 is pivotal for the antibacterial activity displayed by 2‐HDA, while the farther the position of the triple bond from the carbonyl group, the lower its bactericidal activity against gram‐positive bacteria, including clinical isolates of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CIMRSA) strains. The potential of 2‐HDA as an antibacterial agent was also assessed in five CIMRSA strains that were resistant to Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) demonstrating that 2‐HDA was the most effective treatment in inhibiting their growth when compared with either Cipro alone or equimolar combinations of Cipro and 2‐HDA. Moreover, it was proved that the inhibition of S. aureus DNA gyrase can be linked to the antibacterial activity displayed by 2‐HDA. Finally, it was determined that the ability of HDA analogs to form micelles can be linked to their decreased activity against gram‐positive bacteria, since critical micellar concentrations (CMC) between 50 and 300 μg/mL were obtained.
Regulating performance characteristics of lithium complex greases via dibasic acids
Authors: Ren Guanlin , Li Wen , Li Hao , Fan Xiaoqiang , Zhang Lin , Zhu Minhao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThickener as an important ingredient affects the performance characteristics of lubricating grease. Here, seven lithium complex greases (LCGs) were prepared by saponification of 12‐OH stearic acid and low molecular weight dibasic acids (including adipic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, dodecanedioic acid, and the combination of sebacic acid and phthalic acid in different molar ratios) with LiOH, using polyalphaolefin (PAO 40) as base oil. Physical properties and lubrication function of as‐prepared LCGs were evaluated in detail, and the friction mechanism was explored via analysis on the morphologies and composition of worn surfaces. Results illustrate that the saponification of mixed 12‐OH stearic acid and sebacic acid with LiOH provides good thickener for improving the physico‐chemical performance of LCG, while the thickener prepared by 12‐OH stearic acid and adipic acid with LiOH enhances lubrication function of LCG, mainly depending on synergy of grease film and tribo‐chemical reaction film.
Nonlinear obstacle problems with double phase in the borderline case
Authors: Byun Sun‐Sig , Cho Yumi , Oh Jehan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper we study a double phase problem with an irregular obstacle. The energy functional under consideration is characterized by the fact that both ellipticity and growth switch between a type of polynomial and a type of logarithm, which can be regarded as a borderline case of the double phase functional with ‐growth. We obtain an optimal global Calderón–Zygmund type estimate for the obstacle problem with double phase in the borderline case.
Novel variants in COL2A1 causing rare spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita
Authors: Zheng Wen‐bin , Li Lu‐jiao , Zhao Di‐chen , Wang Ou , Jiang Yan , Xia Wei‐bo , Xing Xiao‐ping , Li Mei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSpondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDC) is an extremely rare inherited chondrodysplasia characterized by abnormal epiphyses, short stature, and flattened vertebral bodies. We investigate the phenotypes and the disease‐associated variants of SEDC in two unrelated Chinese families.MethodsWe identified disease‐associated variants in two nonconsanguineous families with SEDC using targeted next‐generation sequencing and confirmed the variants using Sanger sequencing. We investigated the phenotypes of the patients, including clinical manifestations, bone turnover biomarkers, bone mineral density and skeletal radiographic features.ResultsTwo probands were diagnosed as SEDC according to the phenotypes of disproportionately short‐trunk stature, kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and adduction deformity of hips. Radiographs revealed kyphosis and lumbar lordosis, flattened vertebral bodies, compressed femoral heads and shortening of the femurs. Bone mineral density of the probands was lower than that of age‐ and gender‐matched normal children, but bone turnover biomarker levels were within normal range. Two novel heterozygous missense variants (NM_001844.5: c.1654 G>A, NP_001835.3: p.Gly552Arg; NM_001844.5: c.3518G>T, NP_001835.3: p.Gly1173Val) in collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A1) were detected in the two families, which would impair the formation of stable triple‐helical type II collagen.ConclusionsWe identified two novel disease‐associated variants in COL2A1, which led to severe SEDC. Our findings expanded the gene variant spectrum and phenotypic spectrum of extremely rare type II collagenopathies.
Epigallocatechin Gallate Induces Upregulation of LDL Receptor via the 67 kDa Laminin Receptor‐Independent Pathway in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Zanka Kumiko , Kawaguchi Yuya , Okada Yudai , Nagaoka Satoshi 
Published: January 2020

ScopeEpigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an active polyphenol in green tea, exhibits various physiological effects, including activation of low‐density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR). The previous studies have suggested that EGCG activates LDLR via extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in HepG2 cells. However, the detailed molecular mechanism remains unclear. Recently, 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR) is identified as a receptor for EGCG. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether 67LR is involved in the mechanism of LDLR activation by EGCG.Methods and resultsEGCG induces upregulation of LDLR when 67LR is knocked down in HepG2 cells. Similar effect is observed after the cells are treated with 67LR monoclonal antibody. The loss of antiallergic effect following 67LR siRNA knockdown and 67LR antibody treatment confirms the results since the antiallergic effect of EGCG is known to be mediated by 67LR.ConclusionEGCG activates LDLR expression via 67LR‐independent pathway in HepG2 cells.
Prediction of transient tumor enlargement using MRI tumor texture after radiosurgery on vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Langenhuizen Patrick P. J. H. , Sebregts Sander H. P. , Zinger Svetlana , Leenstra Sieger , Verheul Jeroen B. , de With Peter H. N. 
Published: January 2020

PurposeVestibular schwannomas (VSs) are uncommon benign brain tumors, generally treated using Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS). However, due to the possible adverse effect of transient tumor enlargement (TTE), large VS tumors are often surgically removed instead of treated radiosurgically. Since microsurgery is highly invasive and results in a significant increased risk of complications, GKRS is generally preferred. Therefore, prediction of TTE for large VS tumors can improve overall VS treatment and enable physicians to select the most optimal treatment strategy on an individual basis. Currently, there are no clinical factors known to be predictive for TTE. In this research, we aim at predicting TTE following GKRS using texture features extracted from MRI scans.MethodsWe analyzed clinical data of patients with VSs treated at our Gamma Knife center. The data was collected prospectively and included patient‐ and treatment‐related characteristics and MRI scans obtained at day of treatment and at follow‐up visits, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after treatment. The correlations of the patient‐ and treatment‐related characteristics to TTE were investigated using statistical tests. From the treatment scans, we extracted the following MRI image features: first‐order statistics, Minkowski functionals (MFs), and three‐dimensional gray‐level co‐occurrence matrices (GLCMs). These features were applied in a machine learning environment for classification of TTE, using support vector machines.ResultsIn a clinical data set, containing 61 patients presenting obvious non‐TTE and 38 patients presenting obvious TTE, we determined that patient‐ and treatment‐related characteristics do not show any correlation to TTE. Furthermore, first‐order statistical MRI features and MFs did not significantly show prognostic values using support vector machine classification. However, utilizing a set of 4 GLCM features, we achieved a sensitivity of 0.82 and a specificity of 0.69, showing their prognostic value of TTE. Moreover, these results increased for larger tumor volumes obtaining a sensitivity of 0.77 and a specificity of 0.89 for tumors larger than 6 cm3.ConclusionsThe results found in this research clearly show that MRI tumor texture provides information that can be employed for predicting TTE. This can form a basis for individual VS treatment selection, further improving overall treatment results. Particularly in patients with large VSs, where the phenomenon of TTE is most relevant and our predictive model performs best, these findings can be implemented in a clinical workflow such that for each patient, the most optimal treatment strategy can be determined.
Development and outdoor characterization of a hybrid bifacial HCPV module
Authors: Martínez Juan F. , Steiner Marc , Wiesenfarth Maike , Fellmeth Tobias , Dörsam Tobias , Wiese Martin , Glunz Stefan W. , Dimroth Frank 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConversion of direct, diffuse, and albedo irradiance into electricity is demonstrated with a new kind of hybrid bifacial high‐concentration photovoltaic module named bifacial EyeCon. It consists of Fresnel lenses that concentrate the direct sunlight 321x onto III‐V triple‐junction solar cells that are mounted on the front surface of p‐PERC bifacial c‐Si cells. Thus, the Si absorbs the front and rear diffuse irradiance. Because III‐V and Si cells are electrically isolated (hence a 4‐terminal device) but thermally coupled by a dielectric adhesive, Si also acts as a heat distributing substrate. To accommodate the concentrator cells, we adapted the metallization layout and also optimized it for low intensity, ie, 200 W/m2 on the front and 100 W/m2 on the rear, using finite element network simulation. Additionally, when the concentrator cells are mounted on a bifacial Si cell instead of a metal heat distributor, their operating temperature is 16 K higher. However, we demonstrate with outdoor measurements that the power output of the bifacial EyeCon module reaches up to 326 W/m2 when the direct to global irradiance ratio is 92%. At a lower fraction of 70% the bifacial Si cells augment the power output of the III‐V string by 19%rel
Genetic diversity and domestication of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) in Turkey
Authors: Helmstetter Andrew J. , Oztolan‐Erol Nihal , Lucas Stuart J. , Buggs Richard J. A. 
Published: January 2020

Societal Impact StatementHazelnut is consumed worldwide and is of critical economic importance to the rural communities of Turkey's northern coast. A new disease outbreak has drastically decreased yields across Turkey and climate change is emerging as a new threat to cultivation. Our study is the first to provide a genomic perspective on diversity in this vulnerable crop, which will prove valuable for future breeding efforts. Such research into perennial crops like hazelnut can help to improve farmer livelihoods and ensure the sustainability of crop production in a changing world.
Summary

Assessing and describing genetic diversity in crop plants is a crucial first step toward their improvement. The European hazelnut, Corylus avellana L., is one of the most economically important tree nut crops worldwide. It is primarily produced in Turkey where rural communities depend on it for their livelihoods. Despite this, we know little about its domestication history and the genetic diversity it holds.

We use double digest restriction‐site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to produce a genome‐wide dataset containing wild and domesticated hazelnut. We uncover patterns of population structure and diversity, determine levels of crop‐wild gene flow, and estimate the relationships among different genetic clusters.

We use a dataset of over 60k single nucleotide polymorphisms to find that genetic clusters of cultivars do not reflect their given names and that there is limited evidence for a reduction in genetic diversity in domesticated individuals. We find evidence that hazelnut may have been domesticated more than once and that admixture has likely occurred multiple times between wild and domesticated hazelnut.

We provide the first genomic assessment of Turkish hazelnut diversity and suggest that there has not been an extreme bottleneck during the domestication of this crop, leading to cultivars at different stages of domestication. Our study provides a platform for further research that will protect hazelnut from the threats of climate change and an emerging fungal disease.