bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of nanocrystalline cellulose dispersion versus surface nucleation in poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) crystallization
Authors: Haham Hai , Shen Mo‐Yuan , Billington Sarah L. , Frank Curtis W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), which is a known crystal nucleating agent, is utilized to improve poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) thermal properties. Since NCC aggregation in PHBV negatively affects composite properties and processability, NCC crystal nucleation effectiveness was examined at low concentrations (<1%) under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. NCC was dispersed in PHBV solutions using a solvent exchange method and then cast into films. We found that NCC was an effective nucleating agent in amounts as low as 0.25%, resulting in an increase in PHBV crystallization rate by more than 50%. However, increasing to 1% NCC resulted in aggregation in PHBV, with the NCC becoming less effective compared to lower NCC concentrations. In an attempt to improve NCC dispersion, we added cellulose acetate (CA) or stearic acid (SA) to the casting solution, anticipating that CA or SA would preferentially adsorb on the NCC. With such pretreatment, dispersion was indeed improved but NCC became less effective as a PHBV nucleating agent. This work shows the advantage of using low NCC concentrations (<0.5%) for promoting PHBV crystallization, but the lack of improved nucleation upon addition of CA and SA supports the importance of NCC surface accessibility.
Psychosocial and family‐centered support among breast cancer patients with dependent children
Authors: Hammersen Friederike , Pursche Telja , Fischer Dorothea , Katalinic Alexander , Waldmann Annika 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the psychosocial situation of breast cancer (BC) patients with dependent children, with regard to who used family‐centered psychosocial support (PS) services, reasons against using it, as well as existing, unmet needs, and current PS need.MethodsData were collected via survey and patient files during an inpatient rehabilitation program for mothers with BC, who were accompanied by a child <12 years. Descriptive statistics and tests for statistical significance were used.ResultsOut of the total of 561 patients, 23.0% had used family‐centered PS services before. Common reasons against it were enough support, no anticipated need and organizational issues. Patients stated a high number of unmet needs. The most urgent ones related to their children. About 59.3% of mothers stated a current PS need (PSN) and 33.3% a need for their children. Little social support and a worse maternal HRQOL, but not time since diagnosis, were related to a higher PSN in mothers and children (bivariate association).ConclusionAmong BC patients with dependent children, clinicians need to take the whole family and their support needs into account. They should know about the existing organizational barriers, which need to be overcome with the help of tailored offers. Patients with low HRQOL, little social support and single‐mothers (with regard to children's PSN) need special attention as these can be indicators of high PSN.
Canopy spray application technology in specialty crops: a slowly evolving landscape
Authors: Warneke Brent W , Zhu Heping , Pscheidt Jay W , Nackley Lloyd L 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMany specialty crops are susceptible to insects and diseases, and as such are reliant on regular canopy pesticide applications to achieve quality attributes required for salability. The majority of specialty crop producers continue to use antiquated pesticide application technologies for directed canopy spraying such as the radial air blast sprayer that has been associated with chemical wastage and off‐target drift of around 40% and 15% of total applied spray volume, respectively. However, precision sprayers are available that result in remarkable improvements to these parameters. The wide‐scale adoption of precision sprayers by specialty crop producers remains low. Reasons for the continued dominance of old technologies include risk averseness of farmers and regulatory bottlenecks. However, as farm labor becomes more expensive, less available, and consumers and regulations favor sustainably produced products, motivations to improve spray application efficiency are increasing. While there are many opportunities and future directions application technology may take, sensor‐controlled sprayer technology that applies a proportionate amount of spray will likely be the primary technology of precision sprayers going into the future. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Graph‐based subterranean exploration path planning using aerial and legged robots
Authors: Dang Tung , Tranzatto Marco , Khattak Shehryar , Mascarich Frank , Alexis Kostas , Hutter Marco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAutonomous exploration of subterranean environments remains a major challenge for robotic systems. In response, this paper contributes a novel graph‐based subterranean exploration path planning method that is attuned to key topological properties of subterranean settings, such as large‐scale tunnel‐like networks and complex multibranched topologies. Designed both for aerial and legged robots, the proposed method is structured around a bifurcated local‐ and global‐planner architecture. The local planner utilizes a rapidly exploring random graph to reliably and efficiently identify paths that optimize an exploration gain within a local subspace, while simultaneously avoiding obstacles, respecting applicable traversability constraints and honoring dynamic limitations of the robots. Reflecting the fact that multibranched and tunnel‐like networks of underground environments can often lead to dead‐ends and accounting for the robot endurance, the global planning layer works in conjunction with the local planner to incrementally build a sparse global graph and is engaged when the system must be repositioned to a previously identified frontier of the exploration space, or commanded to return‐to‐home. The designed planner is detailed with respect to its computational complexity and compared against state‐of‐the‐art approaches. Emphasizing field experimentation, the method is evaluated within multiple real‐life deployments using aerial robots and the ANYmal legged system inside both long‐wall and room‐and‐pillar underground mines in the United States and in Switzerland, as well as inside an underground bunker. The presented results further include missions conducted within the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Subterranean Challenge, a relevant competition on underground exploration.
Creating and Navigating a Transborder Writing Space: One Multilingual Adolescent’s Take‐Up of Dialogue Journaling in an English‐Medium Classroom
Authors: Linares Rebecca E. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTCentering the literacy practice of a newly arrived, transnational, emergent multilingual student, the author provides insights into how these students, particularly when positioned as lacking literacy and content knowledge when labeled as students with interrupted formal education, might benefit socioemotionally and educationally from the opportunity to story their own lives and write their way into a new classroom and culture. The author shows how Marlón, a newly arrived immigrant from Guatemala, leveraged existing bodies of linguistic, content, and experiential knowledge to maximize his participation in the classroom‐based literacy practice of dialogue journaling. As such, the author demonstrates how the relatively low‐stakes, low‐tech, dialogic nature of journaling afforded Marlón the opportunity to create a transborder writing space in which he enacted agency in his decisions to translanguage, engage in multimodal writing, invoke familial knowledge, and share personal experiences. In the process, Marlón created an agentive border space that spanned cultures, nations, and languages in ways that authentically represented his multifaceted and complex identity and lived history. Students like Marlón are a growing demographic; thus, the author calls for teachers to consider the benefits of creating instructional spaces for low‐risk, low‐tech writing to ease transnational, emergent multilingual students into classroom and school‐based writing. The author also suggests the need for further research exploring the implementation and benefits of literacy practices that take into account newly arrived students’ identities holistically.
Nitrogen, irrigation, and alley management affects raspberry crop response and soil nitrogen and root‐lesion nematode dynamics
Authors: Kuchta Shawn , Neilsen Denise , Zebarth Bernie J. , Forge Tom , Nichol Craig 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is a need to improve raspberry crop nitrogen (N) management practices, particularly when grown over aquifers vulnerable to nitrate (NO3) leaching. This study quantified the effects of N, irrigation and alley management strategies on berry yield, indices of crop vigor and N status, growing season soil N dynamics, and root‐lesion nematode (RLN) population dynamics under red raspberry production in British Columbia, Canada. Conventional management (100 kg N ha−1 surface broadcast on the row, clean cultivation of alleys, and drip irrigation for a fixed duration regardless of evapotranspiration [ET]) was compared with different mineral fertilizer N rates, application of N as manure, seeding the alley to either a perennial forage grass (perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne L.] and ‘Bridgeport II’ chewings fescue [Festuca rubra subsp. commutate]) or an autumn‐seeded spring barley crop, or ET‐scheduled irrigation. In addition, the combination of ET‐scheduled irrigation plus fertigation of a reduced rate of N was compared with conventional practices at a reduced N rate. There was little or no crop response to N source and rate, a finding attributed primarily to high nonmanaged N inputs, and possibly also to RLNs present at population densities (grand mean = 4 per cm3 soil) expected to suppress raspberry growth. ET‐scheduled irrigation reduced water use ∼50% compared with fixed‐duration irrigation without compromising crop performance. The perennial forage grass in the alley reduced soil mineral N but not yield. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that more environmentally sustainable raspberry production can be achieved through integrated management systems even in soils vulnerable to NO3 leaching.
A Phosphorus‐Doped Ag@Pd Catalyst for Enhanced CC Bond Cleavage during Ethanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Yang Xiaobo , Liang Zaipeng , Chen Shuai , Ma Minjun , Wang Qiang , Tong Xili , Zhang Qinghua , Ye Jinyu , Gu Lin , Yang Nianjun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEthanol is preferred to be oxidized into CO2 for the construction of a high‐performance direct ethanol fuel cell since this complete ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) transfers 12 electrons. However, this EOR is sluggish and has the low activity as well as poor selectivity. To promote such a favorable EOR, more exactly the cleavage selectivity of CC bonds in ethanol, phosphorus‐doped silver‐core‐and‐Pd‐shell catalysts (denoted as Ag@PdP) are designed and synthesized. In the alkaline media, a Ag@Pd2P0.2 catalyst is superior toward EOR into CO2. It exhibits seven times higher mass activity and six times higher selectivity than the benchmark Pd/C catalyst. As confirmed by means of density functional theory calculation and in situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, such high performance stems from an increased adsorption energy of OH radicals on the Pd active sites. Meanwhile, the tensile strain effect of a core–shell structure of this Ag@Pd2P0.2 catalyst favors the formation of adsorbed CH3CO intermediate, the key species for the enhanced C–C cleavage into CO2, instead of acetate. The proposed way to design and synthesize such high‐performance EOR catalysts will explore the practical applications of direct alkaline ethanol fuel cells.
Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Adhesives for Transfer Printing of Carbon Nanotubes and Metallic Nanostructures
Authors: Dore Camilla , Dörling Bernhard , Garcia‐Pomar Juan Luis , Campoy‐Quiles Mariano , Mihi Agustín 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTransfer printing is one of the key nanofabrication techniques for the large‐scale manufacturing of complex device architectures. It provides a cost‐effective and high‐throughput route for the integration of independently processed materials into spatially tailored architectures. Furthermore, this method enables the fabrication of flexible and curvilinear devices, paving the way for the fabrication of a new generation of technologies for optics, electronics, and biomedicine. In this work, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) membranes are used as water soluble adhesives for transfer printing processes with improved performance and versatility compared to conventional silicone alternatives. The high‐water solubility and excellent mechanical properties of HPC facilitate transfer printing with high yield for both metal and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) inks. In the case of metal inks, crack‐free stripping of silver films and the simple fabrication of Moiré Plasmonic architectures of different geometries are demonstrated. Furthermore, HPC membranes are used to transfer print carbon nanotube films with different thicknesses and up to 77% transparency in the visible and near infrared region with potential applications as transparent conductive substrates. Finally, the use of prepatterned HPC membranes enables nanoscale patterning of CNT with feature resolution down to 1 µm.
A survey of biodiversity informatics: Concepts, practices, and challenges
Authors: Gadelha Luiz M. R. , de Siracusa Pedro C. , Dalcin Eduardo Couto , da Silva Luís Alexandre Estevão , Augusto Douglas A. , Krempser Eduardo , Affe Helen Michelle , Costa Raquel Lopes , Mondelli Maria Luiza , Meirelles Pedro Milet , Thompson Fabiano , Chame Marcia , Ziviani Artur , de Siqueira Marinez Ferreira 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe unprecedented size of the human population, along with its associated economic activities, has an ever‐increasing impact on global environments. Across the world, countries are concerned about the growing resource consumption and the capacity of ecosystems to provide resources. To effectively conserve biodiversity, it is essential to make indicators and knowledge openly available to decision‐makers in ways that they can effectively use them. The development and deployment of tools and techniques to generate these indicators require having access to trustworthy data from biological collections, field surveys and automated sensors, molecular data, and historic academic literature. The transformation of these raw data into synthesized information that is fit for use requires going through many refinement steps. The methodologies and techniques applied to manage and analyze these data constitute an area usually called biodiversity informatics. Biodiversity data follow a life cycle consisting of planning, collection, certification, description, preservation, discovery, integration, and analysis. Researchers, whether producers or consumers of biodiversity data, will likely perform activities related to at least one of these steps. This article explores each stage of the life cycle of biodiversity data, discussing its methodologies, tools, and challenges.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Biological Data Mining
Transient response analysis of anisotropic solids with nano‐cavities by BEM
Authors: Parvanova Sonia , Dineva Petia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractТwo‐dimensional in‐plane transient elasto‐dynamic problem for isotropic/anisotropic, finite/infinite solids with nano‐cavities is formulated. The mechanical model combines: (a) classical elastodynamic theory for the bulk anisotropic solid; (b) non‐classical boundary conditions and localized constitutive equation for the interface between nano‐cavities and anisotropic matrix within the frame of the Gurtin‐Murdoch surface elasticity theory. The computational approach uses Fourier‐domain BEM (boundary element method) in conjunction with closed form frequency dependent fundamental solution. Accuracy and convergence of the numerical solutions for dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) and scattered wave field displacements is studied by comparison with available solutions. In addition a parametric study for the transient wave field sensitivity in bounded and unbounded solids to the type and characteristics of the transient disturbance, to the surface elasticity phenomena, to the nano‐cavities interaction and to the type of the material anisotropy is presented.
Feed intake and dietary composition of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), vitamin E, and tannic acid of five captive black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in a UK collection
Authors: Ricketts Victoria , Dierenfeld Ellen S. , Sauer Cathrine , Whitehouse‐Tedd Katherine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) is a critically endangered species facing multiple anthropogenic pressures in its natural home range across Africa. Black rhinoceros are difficult to maintain ex situ and subject to diseases that are linked with captive dietary factors. Hemochromatosis is of particular concern, as it is a common finding at necropsy of captive adults, and has been linked to excessive dietary iron intake. This intake study investigates the select nutrient composition of the diets offered to and consumed by five captive black rhinoceros in a UK zoo to evaluate, ensure adequacy, and/or make adjustments if necessary. Alfalfa hay, pellets and six browse species offered were analyzed for iron (Fe), copper (Cu), vitamin E, and tannic acid content. Intakes were quantified and evaluated against levels found in wild diets and the currently available feeding guidelines for black rhinoceros. Diets eaten by five individual rhinoceros (1.4%–2.3% of bodyweight dry matter [DM] intake), comprising 68%–82% hay, 6%–13% pellets, and 13%–27% browse, contained 76–98 mg/kg Fe (on a DM basis), fell within the ranges of plants eaten by free‐ranging rhinoceros (45–140 mg/kg DM), as well as values recommended for captive‐fed browsing rhinoceros (50–100 mg/kg DM). Consumed diets were found to be marginal to adequate in Cu (9–11 mg/kg DM) compared with the recommended 10 mg/kg DM; dietary vitamin E ranged from 54 to 79 IU/kg DM, and tannic acid measured 13–14 g/kg DM. Commercial pellets were the primary contributor of dietary Fe, Cu, and vitamin E, containing up to 10 times more of each of those nutrients than the forages. Native browses were important sources of lower Fe ingredients, as well as appropriate levels of dietary Cu and vitamin E (dependent on species). Interestingly, pellets (23 g/kg) and alfalfa hay (14 g/kg) contained higher concentrations of tannic acid compared with any of the browses fed (4–13 g/kg). All nutritional parameters evaluated were close to recommended dietary levels, diets resembled values consumed in the wild, and the animals remained clinically healthy throughout the study. Overall, diets were considered nutritionally adequate for captive feeding of black rhinoceros; evaluating the nutrient composition of all ingredients, including browse plants in diets, provides important information for achieving optimal nutrient balance.
Inert sextuplet scalar dark matter at the LHC and future colliders
Authors: Liu Dan-Yang , Cai Chengfeng , Yu Zhao-Huan , Zeng Yu-Pan , Zhang Hong-Hao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study a dark matter model constructed by extending the standard model with an inert SU(2)L sextuplet scalar of hypercharge 1/2. The sextuplet components are split by the quartic couplings between the sextuplet and the Higgs doublet after electroweak symmetry breaking, resulting in a dark sector with one triply charged, two doubly charged, two singly charged, and two neutral scalars. The lighter neutral scalar boson acts as a dark matter particle. We investigate the constraints on this model from the monojet + "Image missing" and soft-dilepton + jets + "Image missing" searches at the 13 TeV Large Hadron Collider, as well as from the current electroweak precision test. Furthermore, we estimate the projected sensitivities of a 100 TeV pp collider and of a future e+e− collider, and find that such future projects could probe TeV mass scales. Nonetheless, such mass scales only correspond to a subdominant component of the observed relic abundance if the dark matter particles solely originate from thermal production.
Immuntherapien von Allergien: Aktueller Stand
Authors: Mahler Vera , Kleine-Tebbe Jörg , Vieths Stefan 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die Allergenimmuntherapie (AIT) wirkt als einzige kausale, krankheitsmodifizierende Therapieform neben einer Symptomlinderung der Progression allergischer Erkrankungen entgegen. Dieser Beitrag liefert einen Überblick zu aktuellen immunologischen, regulatorischen und praxisbezogenen Aspekten der AIT. Die neueste Fachliteratur wurde einbezogen. Zudem werden konzeptionelle regulatorische Entwicklungen aus der Abteilung Allergologie der zuständigen Bundesoberbehörde Paul-Ehrlich-Institut dargestellt.
Die derzeit in Deutschland zugelassenen 62 und die weiteren 61 AIT-Produkte, die sich im Entwicklungsprogramm der Therapieallergene-Verordnung (TAV) befinden, umfassen 95 Produkte zur subkutanen (SCIT) und 28 zur sublingualen Behandlung (SLIT) von Allergien gegen Birken‑/Erlen‑/Haselpollen, Gräser- und Kräuterpollen sowie Hausstaubmilben und Insektengifte. Als Wirkstoffe kommen native und chemisch modifizierte Allergenextrakte (Allergoide), adsorbiert an Aluminium, Tyrosin (z. T. Monophosphoryl-Lipid-A-adjuvantiert) oder Laktose, oder als Lyophilisate zum Einsatz.
Die 123 AIT-Produkte unterliegen der staatlichen Chargenprüfung. Individualrezepturen zur Behandlung weniger prävalenter Allergien (z. B. gegen Olivenpollen, Tierhaare, Speichermilben oder Schimmelpilze) unterliegen nicht der behördlichen Chargenprüfung. Besonderer Entwicklungsbedarf besteht für AIT-Produkte zur Behandlung von Kindern.
Als neue Wirkstoffklasse befinden sich Nahrungsmittelallergene in klinischen Phase-II- und Phase-III-Studien. Ein erstes Präparat zur oralen AIT der Erdnussallergie bei Kindern ist derzeit in einem zentralen europäischen Zulassungsverfahren. Die Zulassung kann nur bei positiver Nutzen-Risiko-Bilanz erfolgen. Wissenschaft und Regulation stehen in kontinuierlichem Austausch über die Entwicklung von AIT-Produkten, die dem aktuellen Stand der klinischen Forschung und Regulation in der Europäischen Union entsprechen und eine frühzeitige Kausalbehandlung weitverbreiteter Allergien ermöglichen.