bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of simultaneous subthalamic and nigral stimulation on dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Pflug Christina , Nienstedt Julie C. , Gulberti Alessandro , Müller Frank , Vettorazzi Eik , Koseki Jana‐Christiane , Niessen Almut , Flügel Till , Hidding Ute , Buhmann Carsten , Weiss Daniel , Gerloff Christian , Hamel Wolfgang , Moll Christian K. E. , Pötter‐Nerger Monika 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesDysphagia is a frequent and highly relevant symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) due to high associated morbidity and mortality. To compare the effect of simultaneous stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and substantia nigra (SNr) with conventional STN‐stimulation on swallowing function in Parkinson's disease.MethodsIn this controlled, randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over clinical trial, 15 PD patients were assessed with DBS switched off (STIM OFF), STN‐DBS, STN + SNr‐DBS. Patients and 32 age‐matched healthy controls were examined clinically and by flexible‐endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) to evaluate the swallowing function. The primary endpoint was the assessment of residues, secondary endpoints were penetration/aspiration, leakage, retained pharyngeal secretions, drooling, and assessments of the patient’s self‐perception of swallowing on a visual analog scale.ResultsCompared with healthy controls PD patients showed significantly more pharyngeal residues in STIM OFF and both DBS modes. Residues or aspiration events were found in 80% of the patients under STN‐stimulation. Simultaneous STN + SNr‐stimulation had no additional positive effect on objective dysphagia and self‐reported swallowing function compared to STN‐DBS.InterpretationSimultaneous STN + SNr‐stimulation seems to have no additional beneficial effects on dysphagia when compared with conventional STN‐stimulation, but did not deteriorate the swallowing function. If STN + SNr‐stimulation is planned to be applied for the improvement of axial symptoms and gait disorders in PD patients, it can be considered safe in terms of dysphagia.
Herbage responses of signalgrass under full sun or shade in a silvopasture system using tree legumes
Authors: Lima Hugo N. B. , Dubeux Jr José C. B. , Santos Mércia V. F. , Mello Alexandre C. L. , Lira Mário A. , Cunha Márcio V. , De Freitas Erinaldo Viana , Apolinário Valéria Xavier De Oliveira 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSilvopasture systems enhance the use efficiency of natural resources by diversifying vegetation structure and function. However, shading from trees may affect the production and quality of herbaceous forages and, consequently, the animal performance. The objective of this research was to evaluate regrowth and development of tree legumes as well as productivity and nutritive value of signalgrass [Brachiaria decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster] subjected to shading from the tree legumes gliricidia [Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud] and sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.). Herbage responses were evaluated every 56 d. Trees were evaluated every 120 d to assess morphological responses and forage nutritive value. Response variables included in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM), concentrations of N, and stable isotopes (δ15N) in grass and legume leaves. Greater herbage accumulation occurred for signalgrass submitted to full sun (57 kg ha–1 d–1) than under shade (27 kg ha–1 d–1) (p = .0006). Morphometric measurements of tree regrowth did not show differences for total leaf mass (p = .8603) and mass of thick stems (p = .6157) between tree legume species. Gliricidia leaf IVDOM was greater (504 g kg–1) than sabiá leaf IVDOM (315 g kg–1) (p < .0001). Nitrogen concentration was greater in leaves (p = .0007), fine stems (p = .0050), and thick stems (p = .0333) of gliricidia throughout the evaluated period when compared to the same fractions of sabiá. Both tree species, at the densities employed in this study, affected negatively and to a similar extent the herbage accumulation of signalgrass.
Treatment of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis with apixaban and rivaroxaban
Authors: Houghton Damon E. , Casanegra Ana I. , Peterson Lisa G. , Cochuyt Jordan , Hodge David O. , Vlazny Danielle , McBane Robert D. , Froehling David , Wysokinski Waldemar E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRandomized controlled trials leading to the approval of apixaban and rivaroxaban for venous thromboembolism (VTE) did not include patients with upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UE‐DVT). We sought to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of rivaroxaban and apixaban for the treatment of acute UE‐DVT. Consecutive patients with VTE enrolled into the Mayo Clinic VTE Registry, between March 1, 2013 and December 31, 2019, were followed prospectively. Clinical, demographic and imaging data were collected at the time of study recruitment. Patients with a diagnosis of acute UE‐DVT who received rivaroxaban, apixaban, LMWH or warfarin were included. Recurrent VTE, major bleeding, clinical‐relevant non‐major bleeding (CRNMB), and death were assessed at 3‐month intervals. During the study period, 210 patients with acute UE‐DVT were included; 63 were treated with apixaban, 39 with rivaroxaban, and 108 with LWMH and/or warfarin. Overall 51% had catheter‐associated UE‐DVT, 60% had a diagnosis of malignancy, and 14% had concurrent pulmonary embolism. Malignancy was more common in patients treated with LMWH/warfarin (67% vs 52%, P = .03). At 3 months of follow up, one (0.9%) recurrent VTE occurred in a patient treated with LMWH/warfarin and one (1.0%) patient treated with apixaban or rivaroxaban (P = .97). Major bleeding occurred in three patients treated with LMWH/warfarin, and in none of those treated with apixaban or rivaroxaban (P = .09). Clinical‐relevant non‐major bleeding occurred in one patient (0.9%) treated with LWMH/warfarin and two patients (2.0%) treated with apixaban or rivaroxaban (P = .53). Treatment of UE‐DVT with apixaban or rivaroxaban appears to be as safe and effective as LMWH/warfarin.
Gigahertz Harmonic Mode‐Locked Fiber Laser Based on Tunable SMS Ultrafast Optical Switch
Authors: Wang Tiebin , Jin Liang , Zhang Hongwei , Pan Wei , Zhang He , Xu Yingtian , Shi Linlin , Li Yan , Zou Yonggang , Ma Xiaohui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA novel passively gigahertz harmonic mode‐locked all‐fiber laser based on hybrid fiber structure (single‐mode fiber–graded‐index multimode fiber–single‐mode fiber (SMS)) is proposed SMS, which coils on the paddles of polarization controller (PC), is demonstrated to modulate the temporal intensity for mode‐locking. The nonlinear absorption properties of the optical switch are controllable by adjusting the paddles of PC; such an ultrafast optical switch enables the wavelength switchable harmonic mode‐locking operation. Ultrafast pulses with 1.9 ps at 1558.41 nm and 0.95 ps at 1563.08 nm are generated. The maximum repetition rate of the laser up to 1.127 GHz harmonic of fundamental repetition mode‐locking at 1563.08 nm, corresponding to 880 order, and the output power is 4.2 mW. Considering its superiority in terms of low cost, easy integration, and high reliability, the findings validate that SMS can be used in harmonic mode‐locking.
Preparation of organic–inorganic intumescent flame retardant with phosphorus, nitrogen and silicon and its flame retardant effect for epoxy resin
Authors: Yu Haihua , Xia Yunfei , Xu Xiuhang , Zarshad Nighat , Wu Min , Ni Henmei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAccording to the requirement of fire life cycle assessment (LCA), chitosan ethoxyl urea phosphate (CEUP), an organic–inorganic intumescent flame retardant (IFR) containing phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon, was synthesized by the reaction of chitosan, phosphorus pentoxide, and urea. FTIR, 1H NMR, SEM, and XRD were employed to characterize the compounds. As a result, CEUP was successfully prepared with higher thermal stability, favorable to enhance fire resistance. Combined with OMMT, the organic/inorganic IFR was applied as EP flame‐retardant agents. The combustion behavior of EP composite was investigated by LOI, UL‐94, CCT, SEM, TGA, and TG‐IR. It was observed that using 15% CEUP and 3% OMMT (EP3), LOI value reached 34.8% and passed the UL‐94 V‐0 rating, while THR and TSP of EP composite reduced 65 and 72% compared with pure EP. The char residue of EP composite was up to 22.4%. The thermal decomposition mechanism was traced from 100 to 600°C by TG‐IR. It was suggestive that CEUP decomposition commenced at 100°C to create phosphoric acid and sublimation of urea occurred at 300°C. EP3 exhibited a strong thermal stability, namely even at 600°C, the volatile substances were detectable. Dense and expanded carbon layer was confirmed in SEM images.
Dynamical downscaling of a multimodel ensemble prediction system: Application to tropical cyclones
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Krishna R. Phani Murali , Joseph Susmitha , Dey Avijit , Mandal Raju , Chattopadhyay Rajib , Sahai Atul Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Parthasarathi , Abhilash Sukumarapillai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study attempts dynamical downscaling to improve north Indian ocean (NIO) tropical cyclone prediction from a global multimodel ensemble prediction system using weather research and forecasting (WRF) model. A total of 16 ensembles are used in the WRF simulations, these ensembles are bias‐corrected prior to downscaling for model climatological errors. The ensemble mean constructed from the output of all downscaled ensembles is analyzed for added value to global predictions. This mean is also compared against observation as well as high‐resolution (12 km) deterministic forecast from global forecast system (GFS). Two devastating NIO tropical cyclone cases of year 2017 which were not reliably predicted by global systems have been selected for this study. The results show that downscaled predictions well simulate the intensity and spatial distribution of the rainfall and relative vorticity associated with these cyclonic storms. The wind and temperature vertical profiles during cyclone mature stage are also captured more accurately than raw prediction and high‐resolution global deterministic forecast. The study affirms the adequacy of dynamical downscaling in predicting the cyclonic storms over global real‐time weather forecasting system.
A logical relationship for schizophrenia, bipolar, and major depressive disorder. Part 1: Evidence from chromosome 1 high density association screen
Authors: Zhang Zhihua , Chen Gang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFamilial clustering of schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BPD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) was investigated systematically (Aukes et al., Genetics in Medicine, 2012, 14, 338–341) and any two or even three of these disorders could coexist in some families. Furthermore, evidence from symptomatology and psychopharmacology also imply the existence of intrinsic connections between these three major psychiatric disorders. A total of 71,445 SNPs on chromosome 1 were genotyped on 119 SCZ, 253 BPD (type‐I), 177 MDD cases and 1000 controls and further validated in 986 SCZ patients in the population of Shandong province of China. Outstanding psychosis genes are systematically revealed( ATP1A4, ELTD1, FAM5C, HHAT, KIF26B, LMX1A, NEGR1, NFIA, NR5A2, NTNG1, PAPPA2, PDE4B, PEX14, RYR2, SYT6, TGFBR3, TTLL7, and USH2A). Unexpectedly, flanking genes for up to 97.09% of the associated SNPs were also replicated in an enlarged cohort of 986 SCZ patients. From the perspective of etiological rather than clinical psychiatry, bipolar, and major depressive disorder could be subtypes of schizophrenia. Meanwhile, the varied clinical feature and prognosis might be the result of interaction of genetics and epigenetics, for example, irreversible or reversible shut down, and over or insufficient expression of certain genes, which may gives other aspects of these severe mental disorders.
The effect of extrinsic Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in Muller glia on retinal ganglion cell neurite growth
Authors: Musada Ganeswara Rao , Dvoriantchikova Galina , Myer Ciara , Ivanov Dmitry , Bhattacharya Sanjoy K. , Hackam Abigail S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMuller glia are the predominant glial cell type in the retina, and they structurally and metabolically support retinal neurons. Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathways play essential roles in the central nervous system, including glial and neuronal differentiation, axonal growth, and neuronal regeneration. We previously demonstrated that Wnt signaling activation in retinal ganglion cells (RGC) induces axonal regeneration after injury. However, whether Wnt signaling within the adjacent Muller glia plays an axongenic role is not known. In this study, we characterized the effect of Wnt signaling in Muller glia on RGC neurite growth. Primary Muller glia and RGC cells were grown in transwell co‐cultures and adenoviral constructs driving Wnt regulatory genes were used to activate and inhibit Wnt signaling specifically in primary Muller glia. Our results demonstrated that activation of Wnt signaling in Muller glia significantly increased RGC average neurite length and branch site number. In addition, the secretome of Muller glia after induction or inhibition of Wnt signaling was characterized using protein profiling of conditioned media by Q Exactive mass spectrometry. The Muller glia secretome after activation of Wnt signaling had distinct and more numerous proteins involved in regulation of axon extension, axon projection and cell adhesion. Furthermore, we showed highly redundant expression of Wnt signaling ligands in Muller glia and Frizzled receptors in RGCs and Muller glia. Therefore, this study provides new information about potential neurite growth promoting molecules in the Muller glia secretome, and identified Wnt‐dependent target proteins that may mediate the axonal growth.
Indolic glucosinolate pathway provides resistance to mycorrhizal fungal colonization in a non‐host Brassicaceae
Authors: Anthony M. A. , Celenza J. L. , Armstrong A. , Frey S. D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMost terrestrial plants form mycorrhizas, but a number of agricultural plants, including the Brassicaceae, are non‐mycorrhizal. Brassicaceae can still be colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), but species like Arabidopsis thaliana experience growth reductions following AMF colonization at similar magnitude to that of fungal pathogen infections and lack key genes necessary for nutrient exchange. Arabidopsis also produces specific secondary compounds via the modification of tryptophan, including indolic glucosinolates (IGs), which have anti‐fungal properties and may therefore be involved in reducing AMF colonization. This study therefore addressed whether the ability to produce IGs facilitates resistance to AMF colonization and growth suppression. We challenged with AMF inoculation transgenic Arabidopsis lines which produce no or enhanced IGs levels in comparison with the wild‐type. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation suppressed the development of IG‐removed plants, activated their pathogen‐response defenses, and enhanced AMF vesicle colonization of their root systems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi had no detrimental effects on wild‐type or IG‐enhanced plants. Using BLAST to identify IG orthologs across 29 Brassicales, we also show that non‐mycorrhizal species possess orthologous proteins for IG biosynthesis to Arabidopsis which AMF‐associated Brassicales lack. In conclusion, the IG production pathway appears to serve an important and previously unknown role in reducing AMF colonization in Arabidopsis and may serve similar functions in non‐host Brassicales more broadly.
Relationships between Pacific salmon and aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems: implications for ecosystem‐based management
Authors: Walsh Jessica C. , Pendray Jane E. , Godwin Sean C. , Artelle Kyle A. , Kindsvater Holly K. , Field Rachel D. , Harding Jennifer N. , Swain Noel R. , Reynolds John D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPacific salmon influence temperate terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems through the dispersal of marine‐derived nutrients and ecosystem engineering of stream beds when spawning. They also support large fisheries, particularly along the west coast of North America. We provide a comprehensive synthesis of relationships between the densities of Pacific salmon and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, summarize the direction, shape, and magnitude of these relationships, and identify possible ecosystem‐based management indicators and benchmarks. We found 31 studies that provided 172 relationships between salmon density (or salmon abundance) and species abundance, species diversity, food provisioning, individual growth, concentration of marine‐derived isotopes, nutrient enhancement, phenology, and several other ecological responses. The most common published relationship was between salmon density and marine‐derived isotopes (40%), whereas very few relationships quantified ecosystem‐level responses (5%). Only 13% of all relationships tended to reach an asymptote (i.e., a saturating response) as salmon densities increased. The number of salmon killed by bears and the change in biomass of different stream invertebrate taxa between spawning and nonspawning seasons were relationships that usually reached saturation. Approximately 46% of all relationships were best described with linear or curved nonasymptotic models, indicating a lack of saturation. In contrast, 41% of data sets showed no relationship with salmon density or abundance, including many of the relationships with stream invertebrate and biofilm biomass density, marine‐derived isotope concentrations, or vegetation density. Bears required the highest densities of salmon to reach their maximum observed food consumption (i.e., 9.2 kg/m2 to reach the 90% threshold of the relationship’s asymptote), followed by freshwater fish abundance (90% threshold = 7.3 kg/m2 of salmon). Although the effects of salmon density on ecosystems are highly varied, it appears that several of these relationships, such as bear food consumption, could be used to develop indicators and benchmarks for ecosystem‐based fisheries management.
Analysis of Reaction Kinetics of Edible Oil Oxidation at Ambient Temperature by FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Mengzhu , Chen Jia , Jing Bingyu , Zhang Lingyan , Dong Yaoyao , Yu Xiuzhu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEdible oils are studied to analyze their reaction kinetics during oxidation and predict shelf life at ambient temperature. Rapeseed oil (RO), soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), and peanut oil (PO) are detected via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with a mesh cell as spectral acquisition accessory. The reaction kinetics of ROOH bonds, C═O bonds, trans double bonds (TDBs), and carbon chain skeletons (CCSs) are determined by absorbance changes in their characteristic absorption peaks. Prediction models for shelf life based on various characteristic absorption peaks are converted via the reaction kinetics equations of the oils. Results show that first‐order reaction kinetics are used to describe absorbance changes of ROOH bonds in PO, SO, and LO, while zero‐order reaction kinetics are used to describe the absorbance changes in RO. Both C═O bonds and CCS absorbance changes in the four oils satisfy first‐order reaction kinetics. TDBs absorbance changes in PO, SO, and LO are in accordance with zero‐order reaction kinetics. The regression equations of reaction kinetics exhibit good fitting degree (coefficient of determination, R2 > 0.9000) and statistical significance (p < 0.001), indicating that the proposed method can be used to analyze the reaction kinetics of oil oxidation and predict shelf life.Practical Applications: The reaction kinetics of RO, SO, LO, and PO are studied at ambient temperature and the shelf life is predicted by using FTIR spectroscopy based on the absorbance changes of ROOH bonds, C═O bonds, TDB bonds, and CCS in the oils. The shelf life of edible oils can be more effectively predicted in this case and provide a practical reference for food industries. Furthermore, the proposed technique is rapid, green, and accurate, and allows real‐time characterization of absorbance changes in various characteristic absorption peaks, which corresponded to different oxidation products. By this method, it is possible to reflect real‐time information for different quality indices (such as peroxides and acid values) of oil oxidation simultaneously, and unnecessary to measure these indices directly one by one, saving manpower and material resources. Therefore, FTIR spectroscopy is convenient for the rapid evaluation of oxidation stability and shelf life of edible oils under ambient temperature.
Melting and viscous dissipation effect on upper‐convected Maxwell and Williamson nanofluid
Authors: Ibrahim Wubshet , Negera Mekonnen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article mainly addresses the influence of the viscous dissipation, melting, and chemical reaction on Williamson and Maxwell nanofluids over a stretching sheet embedded in porous media. The system of partial differential equations which is obtained by conservation principles, is transformed by means of an appropriate similarity transformation into a system of ordinary differential equations. The numerical results are obtained by employing the Keller box method. The impacts of different germane parameters on velocity profiles, thermal and concentration fields, Nusselt number, skin friction coefficient, and Sherwood number are selected by means of graphical and tabular representations. Our numerical solution detects that the dimensionless melting parameter highly affects the velocity boundary layer of a Williamson nanofluid when compared with an upper‐convected Maxwell nanofluid. Moreover, the velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions decrease for both fluids when the permeability parameter increases. Furthermore, the temperature distribution increases with an increase of the Eckert number.
Information content of snow hydrological signatures based on streamflow, precipitation and air temperature
Authors: Horner Ivan , Branger Flora , McMillan Hilary , Vannier Olivier , Braud Isabelle 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHydrological signatures that represent snow processes are valuable to gain insights into snow accumulation and snow melt dynamics. We investigated five snow signatures. Considering inter‐annual average of each calendar day, two slopes derived from the relation between streamflow and air temperature for different periods and streamflow peak maxima are used as signatures. In addition, two different approaches are used to compute inter‐annual average and yearly snow storage estimates. We evaluated the ability of these signatures to characterize average (a) snow melt dynamics and (b) snow storage. They were applied in 10 Critical Zone Observatory catchments of the Southern Sierra mountains (USA) characterized by a Mediterranean climate. The relevance and information content of the signatures are evaluated using snow depth and snow water equivalent measurements as well as inter‐catchment differences in elevation. The slopes quantifying the relations between streamflow and air temperature and the date of streamflow peak were found to characterize snow melt dynamics in terms of snow melt rates and snow melt affected areas. Streamflow peak dates were linked to the period of highest snow melt rates. Snow storage could be estimated both on average, considering all years, and for each year. Snow accumulation dynamics could not be characterized due to the lack of streamflow response during the snow accumulation period. The signatures were found potentially valuable to gain insights into catchment scale snow processes. In particular, when comparing catchments or observed and simulated data, they could provide insights into differences in terms of (a) snow melt rate and/or snow melt affected area over the snow melt season and (b) average or yearly snow storage. Requiring only widely available data, these hydrological signatures can be valuable for snow processes characterization, catchment comparison/classification or model development, calibration or evaluation.