bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived barriers to help-seeking for depression among secondary school students in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Adeosun I , Adegbohun A , Peters T , Jeje O , Bello A , Manuwa O 
Published: April 2020

Objective: In spite of a wide range of effective treatment options, a huge treatment gap persists for depression among adolescents especially in low and middle-income countries. The barriers to help seeking for depression among Nigerian adolescents are currently under-researched. Identifying these barriers is critical to the design of interventions towards better utilisation of mental health services. This study assessed the barriers to help-seeking for depression among adolescent secondary school students in Lagos Nigeria.
Method: Using a cross-sectional study design, 156 adolescent students attending a public co-educational secondary school in Lagos, south-West Nigeria completed a vignette-based questionnaire which assessed barriers to help-seeking for depression. The vignette depicted an adolescent with depression according to the DSM-1V criteria.
Result: The mean age of the participants was 15.9 (± 1.1) years and 49% were males. The most commonly perceived barrier to help-seeking for depression was stigma (50.6%). Other barriers reported included disapproval by families/friends (21.2%), illness-related factors (7.7%), negative attitudes to treatment (7.1%), financial constraint (5.1%), ignorance (3.9%) and preference for spiritual treatment (3.9%).
Conclusion: Stigma, ignorance, misperceptions and negative attitudes to treatment are major barriers to help-seeking for depression among adolescents. Destigmatisation and mental health literacy interventions are crucial steps towards facilitating help-seeking among adolescents with depression.
Determinants of coital frequency and adaptations during pregnancy in a South-western Nigerian town
Authors: Sotunsa JO , Imaralu JO , Ani FI , Olaleye AO 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To determine the trends in the frequency of coital intercourse in pregnancy, the factors responsible for these changes and adaptations by couples in Sagamu, Southwestern Nigeria.
Methods: This cross-sectional survey, examined the determinants of coital sexual frequency and adaptations for coitus in pregnancy among 364 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu.
Results: Decline in coital frequency occurred in 51.3% of respondents; with increasing maternal age (p=0.016, 95% CI=0.013-0.017), monogamous marriage setting (p<0.001), duration of marriage (p<0.001) and lack of awareness of HIV status (p<0.001) having significant deterrent effects. Parity (p=0.355, 95% CI=0.3450.364) and co-habitation with spouse (p=0.094, 95%CI=0.088-0.099), however had no similar effect.
Although sexual dysfunction was observed (29.6% of respondents), this decline in frequency was caused mainly by uncomfortable position (51.7%). Consequently, the commonest change noted was a decreased use of the man-on-top position from 83.4% of the participants before pregnancy; to 32.7% during pregnancy. Most of the participants (76.6%) recommended continued coital activity in pregnancy.Conclusion: Coital sexual decline in pregnancy observed in Sagamu is less prevalent than reported and physical discomfort is mainly responsible for this decline. Health care providers can help couples maintain positive sexual behaviour in pregnancy against STIs and HIV .
The Impact of an educational intervention on knowledge of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among primary school teachers in Lagos Nigeria
Authors: Adeosun I , Ogun O , Adeyemo S , Bello A , Fatiregun O 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Primary school teachers have been identified as important partners in the prompt recognition, referral and management of children with ADHD. However their capacity to function in these roles is hinged on their extent of knowledge about ADHD. Furthermore teachers' knowledge about ADHD may influence the education and clinical outcomes of children with ADHD. This study assessed the impact of an educational intervention program on knowledge about ADHD among primary school teachers in Lagos, Nigeria.
Method: An experimental study of the impact of a brief educational intervention on ADHD literacy among primary school teachers (n=144) in Lagos, Nigeria. At baseline, knowledge about symptoms and treatment of ADHD was elicited with a vignette-based questionnaire. The intervention consisted of the administration of an educational leaflet about ADHD, designed by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. One week post-intervention, the baseline assessments were repeated.
Results: At baseline, 92.4% of the teachers could not recognise features of ADHD. The majority were also unaware of the role of teachers, medications and psychological interventions in the management of children with ADHD. Post-intervention, significantly greater number of respondents compared with baseline (88.0% vs. 7.6%) correctly identified symptoms of ADHD (p<0.005), and agreed that ADHD could be successfully managed with medications (63.2% vs. 9.0%; p<0.005) and psychological treatment (79.2% vs. 16.7%; p<0.005).
Conclusion: A simple low-cost educational intervention is effective in improving knowledge about ADHD among primary school teachers in the shortterm. Further research is required to evaluate the impact of this intervention in the long term.
Perception and uptake of contraception among health workers in Ile-Ife, South-western Nigeria
Authors: Olaleye A , Orji E , Akintayo A , Olaleye A , Imaralu J 
Published: April 2020

Objective: This study was carried out to assess the perception of health workers towards contraceptive methods, determine the proportion of health workers using modern contraceptive methods and identify factors influencing their contraceptive practice.
Methods: A cross sectional descriptive survey of 300 practicing nurses in the health facilities within Ile-Ife, Nigeria was done using pre-tested, self-administered semi-structured questionnaires.
Results: Most of the respondents were less than 30years, married, multiparous and had practised for more than 2years. Prevalence of modern contraceptive use was 75.2%. Knowledge of contraceptives was poorest for injectables and oral contraceptive pills (32% each). Twenty six percent of respondents believed that contraception should be limited to women who had completed their families, while 32.4% were either uncertain or disagreed with the safety of contraceptives. The commonest method used was the condom, though contraceptive choice varied with cadre of staff. Desire for another pregnancy was the main reason for discontinuing contraception (51.2%). Older age, religion and marriage positively influenced contraceptive use.
Conclusion: Knowledge and perception of contraception among nurses in Ile-Ife is relatively poor. Ensuring accurate information on contraception among this target group of health workers is an important step towards achieving success in the national family planning programme.
Perception of Prenatal Sex Selection among Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in a South Western Nigerian Town
Authors: Imaralu J , Ani FI , Olaleye AO , Sotunsa JO , Adelowo OO 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To determine the perception of child sex selection and the factors affecting acceptance of assisted reproductive techniques for child sex selection among pregnant women in Ogun state, Southwestern Nigeria.
Methods: A cross sectional survey conducted among 400 antenatal clinic attendees in the three largest hospitals in Sagamu and its environs in Ogun state.
Results: Participants were mostly Yorubas (83.1%), Christians (71.5%) and had tertiary education (52.8%). The male child was preferred among respondents who indicated their choice (84.8%). Relative subfertility before index conception influenced the preference for a male child (p<0.001); it however, did not have any significant influence on awareness of methods of prenatal sex selection (p=0.965, CI=0.960-0.969). Presence of existing male children had a significantly negative effect on preferred child sex (p=0.377, CI=0.365-0.390). In-vitro fertilization with embryo transfer (71.3%) is the method of assisted conception most known to the respondents while selective embryo transfer is the commonest method of prenatal sex selection they are aware of (42.6%). Educational level (p<0.001), ethnicity (p<0.05) and religion (p<0.001), determined the acceptance of prenatal sex selection. Most (77.8%) of the respondents who welcomed the idea, would undergo procedures to have a male child; a choice which however did not significantly influence their opinion on legal regulation of these procedures.
Conclusion: Pregnant women in Sagamu are mostly aware of assisted reproductive techniques for prenatal sex selection and would consider them for difficulty in bearing male offspring. This choice however did not significantly affect their attitudes towards legal restrictions of sex selective procedures.
Bleeding patterns and weight gain in users of injectable progestogen-only contraceptives: A retrospective study
Authors: Sotunsa JO , Inofomoh A , Akinseku AK , Ani FI , Olatunji AO 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Modern contraceptive methods have been very effective in family planning and well-being. The injectable contraceptives, though effective, had been discontinued by some users because of side effects like abnormal menstrual bleeding and weight gain. This study compared the pattern of menstrual bleeding and weight gain in users of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) and Norethisterone-Enanthate (Noristerat) in Sagamu.
Method: A retrospective study of 323 patients who used either DMPA or Noristerat over a 7-year period (January 2007 to December 2013). Data extracted from case notes included bio-data, parity, previous contraceptive methods and reasons for discontinuation of the contraceptives. Clients' weights, pattern of menstrual cycle and side effects were also documented for the rst, second and third visits, and up to 1 year after commencing the injectable contraceptives.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 32.72± 5.47 years. About 13.5% experienced no change in their menstrual cycle, but 55.9% and 58.9% of those who used Noristerat and DMPA respectively, had amenorrhoea by the end of one year. The mean weight was 62.89kg±12.84 for Noristerat group and 0.93kg±9.94 for DMPA group at commencement and 65.15kg±13.70 for Noristerat group and 64.05kg±10.30 for DMPA group at the end of one year. There was significant weight gain (p<0.05) in both groups by the end of the First year. Weight gain was perceived as a problem by 2% of Noristerat users and 0.9% users of DMPA.
Conclusion: There were significant weight changes with use of injectable contraceptives. However, very few clients perceived this as a problem. Amenorrhoea was the commonest menstrual change experienced by clients over the period.
Neonatal Resuscitation at a privately owned tertiary hospital in Nigeria: Knowledge gap among Health workers and need for sustenance
Authors: Solarin AU , Olutekunbi OA , Renner J , Akodu SO 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Neonatal resuscitation has evolved over the last three decades from word of mouth teachings to organised methods. Resuscitation efforts are geared towards mitigating the adverse sequalae of perinatal asphyxia. To evaluate the cognitive knowledge of health workers primarily involved in care of newborn on neonatal resuscitation and document the effects neonatal resuscitation training course have on improving the knowledge of health workers.
Method: Standardized pre-test and post-test as used by American Academy of Pediatrics and American Heart Association (AAP/AHA) were administered to the health workers who participated in the neonatal resuscitation training course. Nurses and doctors were from three key departments- Paediatrics, Anaesthesia and, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The pass mark was set at a cut-off score of ≥ 70%.
Results: Thirty health workers participated in the neonatal resuscitation course. 70% of them were nurses while 30% were doctors. 70% of the participants were from the department of paediatrics while participants from Anaesthesia and Obstetrics and Gynaecology accounted for 16.7% and 13.3% respectively. The mean pre-test and post-test scores among all participants were 40.65±18.05 and 68.00±16.36 respectively (p< 0.001). Participants from paediatrics performed better than other specialties (p <0.001).
Conclusion: There is an obvious knowledge gap among health workers directly involved in the care of the new born. Neonatal resuscitation training coursesand regular retraining can bridge this gap in knowledge.
Automated diagnosis of Tuberculosis: A review of advancements
Authors: Shobowale EO , Coker AO , Adegunle BA 
Published: April 2020

Objective: A narrative review of advances in automated diagnostic tests for diagnosis of tuberculosis infections.
Methods: Electronic databases were searched for tests on automation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis identication. Studies were selected and evaluated that tested for the performance of new and old methods in automated diagnosis with significant impact on the turn-around time of diagnosis and also positive impact on patient care with respect to outcomes.
Results: A total of 40 studies were included. Overall, the gene expert system was found to be superior when applied to respiratory samples as opposed to other body fluids when compared to other test methods.
High specificity estimates suggest that Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATS) should be the first-line test for rapid diagnosis of meningitis, but that they also need to be combined with the result of other tests in order to rule out disease.
Discussion: Fully automated liquid culture methods overall are superior to mycobacterial culture on solid media, in terms of speed of diagnosis, ease of use and their accuracy with several user friendly systems that can be applied to the Nigerian environment.
Conclusion: The DNA amplification tests provide a reliable way of increasing the specificity of diagnosis. Their superior diagnostic capability has been found to hold up in routine clinical practice, and they could confer several advantages on tuberculosis control programs.
Possible Risk factors in the occurrence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization among a group of Nigerian Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Oyedele TA , Folayan MO , Oziegbe EO 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is systemic in origin, and affects one to four permanent first molars. It frequently affects the incisors also. Its aetiology remains unknown, with some evidence suggesting association with childhood diseases during the first four years of life, the use of antibiotics (amoxicillin, a macrolide), and exposure to dioxins.
This report is documented to highlight the possible risk factors for MIH in four sets of monozygotic twins.
Methods: A case series consisting of four related case reports.
Results: In each of the four cases described, precipitating environmental factors could be identified. This ranged from prolonged use of antibiotics, to early childhood illnesses, prenatal maternal ill health, and long duration of breast feeding.
The possibility of genes in the aetiology of MIH is further strengthened by the observation in this study, that all the monozygotic twin pairs identified with MIH during public oral health screening exercises, had the lesion.
Conclusion: The aetiology of MIH may be due to early childhood illnesses and the use of amoxicillin. Also, the possible role of genetic disposition needs to befurther investigated.
Level of preparedness of Religious Leaders for the Prevention of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria
Authors: Awopegba RO , Oladepo O , Solademi OB , Sotunsa JO , Ani FI 
Published: April 2020

Objective: HIV/AIDS is a pandemic affecting over 3.2 million Nigerians. Over 90% of the African population belong to religious congregation and are often inuenced by the religious leaders. Since health education is a very effective tool in the control of HIV/AIDS, it is expedient to assess the level of preparedness of religious leaders for the prevention of HIV/AIDS so as to maximize opportunities of controlling this menace. This study aims to assess the preparedness of religious leaders to promote and support HIV/AIDS prevention.
Methodology: This is a cross sectional study involving 252 religious leaders (Christians and Islamic) from Oyo and Kaduna State Nigeria randomly selected across the senatorial districts of the state. Questionnaire was used to collect information about demographic characteristics, knowledge about HIV/AIDS education/promotion, history of HIV/AIDS training and the level of preparedness of the respondents for prevention of HIV/AIDS.
Results: Of the 252 respondents, from Oyo State (122) and Kaduna State (130), majority were male (96%), over 30 years of age (96.6%), willing to be screened for HIV(64.7%) and educated their congregation about HIV/AIDS (51.2%), had minimum of secondary education (89.6%) while 22.6% ever tested for HIV. Though 96.4% acknowledge the need for basic knowledge on HIV/AIDS, only 23.8% wanted to know its presentation while 5.6% wanted to know how to carefor persons affected with HIV.
Conclusion: Religious leaders had demonstrated high preparedness for the prevention of HIV-AIDS in this study. However, appropriate and consistent education and promotion is required for the clergy to identify challenges early and be capable of proffering appropriate solution.
Key words: HIV, AIDS, Religious leaders, HIV/AIDS education, faith-based organization, preparedness.
Prevalence of High Blood Pressure among Adolescents in a Private University in Nigeria
Authors: Ogu NC , Ladele AE , Afolabi DO , Sotunsa JO , Ani FI 
Published: April 2020

Objectives: High blood pressure among adolescents is not as researched as it is among adults, notwithstanding that hypertension in adults is being tracked back to childhood. This study identied the prevalence of hypertension among adolescents, the age related pattern of prevalence and associated risk factors.
Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among university students who presented for preadmission medical examination. Blood pressuremeasurement was conducted and cut off reading was based on JNC VII classication for hypertension.
Results: A total of 952 students had complete data. Participants were aged 14 – 19 years with a mean age of 16.6 ± 1.03 years. Prevalence of hypertensionamong the adolescents was 6.4%. High blood pressure (HBP) distribution was as follows; systolic HBP (54%), diastolic HBP (31.15%) and combinedsystolic and diastolic HBP (14.75%).
The risk factors significantly associated with HBP were male gender, obesity, overweight, alcohol, smoking and high blood sugar (p values 0.001, 0.039, 0.001, 0.016, and 0.001 respectively). However family history of hypertension was not significantly associated with hypertension (p=0.053). The majority of the adolescents with hypertension were unaware of the morbidity.
Conclusion: Hypertension is identifiable in adolescents and it appears to increase with age. Notable risk factors for hypertension in adults are also associatedwith hypertension among adolescents. Regular screening will improve awareness and help mitigate the complications of this condition.
The Prevalence and Pattern of Refractive error in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Aham-Onyebuchi UO , Jagun OO , Betiku A , Olijide O , Leshi M 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To determine the prevalence and pattern of refractive errors in Ogun State, Nigeria. The prevalence of blindness was also determined.
Method: A cross sectional descriptive survey. Participants aged 15years and above were randomly selected from 1125 attendees of different community medical outreaches conducted in 5 Local government areas of Ogun State between August 2012 and March 2013. Participants underwent ocular examination and refraction (automated objective and subjective assessments).
Results: The sample consisted of 780 participants. Their mean age was 49.14 (±18.37), and 52.8% were females. About two-thirds [67.7%] had presenting visual acuity [VA] of at least 6/18, while 14.3% were legally blind [VA worse than 3/60].Astigmatism was the most prevalent refractive error [40%] but on conversion tospherical equivalents, hyperopia [28.5%] became the most prevalent error. Apart from refractive errors, cataract and glaucoma were found to be the other major causes of visual impairment amongst the respondents.
Conclusion: The prevalence of refractive errors and blindness in the study population was higher than previously documented with hyperopia being the most prevalent spherical equivalent refractive error. An urgent integration of primary eye care into the existing primary health care system for prevention of blindness is advocated.
Dental caries, frequency of refined sugar consumption and body mass index among freshmen undergraduate students in Nigeria
Authors: Oyedele TA , Jegede AT , Adetayo AM , Sodipo BO 
Published: April 2020

Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine association between dental caries and body mass index (BMI), and dental caries and frequency of sugar consumption freshmen undergraduate student in Nigeria.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 1,164 students between 15 to 23 years of age. The independent variables for this study included age, sex, socioeconomic status, BMI, frequency of consuming refined sugars between meals and action taken after consumption of refined sugars. Descriptive analysis was used for all the quantitative variables while inferential analysis using logistic regression was used to determine predictors of dental caries.
Results: A total of 1,164 students participated in the study, comprising 61.9% females and 38.1% males. The mean age of the participants was 18.13 (±4.99) and mean BMI was 21.68 (±7.93). The prevalence of dental caries was 10.6% and the mean Decay Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) was 0.32 (±1.05). Age and socioeconomic status were the significant predictors of dental caries (p=0.02; p=0.04 respectively). However, there was increase odds of having dental caries in students with normal BMI ((AOR: 1.19; P=0.62), students that consumed refined sugar 3-4 between meals (AOR: 1.27; P=0.28) and students that did nothing after consumption of refined sugar (AOR: 1.43; P=0.51).
Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries in this study population was low, older students from middle socioeconomic status had significant caries prevalence and there were increase odds of dental caries in students with normal BMI, and in those that consumed refined sugars 3-4 times between meals.