bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Place, poverty and prescriptions: a cross-sectional study using Area Deprivation Index to assess opioid use and drug-poisoning mortality in the USA from 2012 to 2017
Authors: Kurani Shaheen , McCoy Rozalina Grubina , Inselman Jonathan , Jeffery Molly Moore , Chawla Sagar , Finney Rutten Lila J , Giblon Rachel , Shah Nilay D 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo identify the relationships between county-level area deprivation and patterns of both opioid prescriptions and drug-poisoning mortality.Design, setting and participantsFor this retrospective cross-sectional study, we used the IQVIA Xponent data to capture opioid prescriptions and Centres for Disease Control and Prevention National Vital Statistics System to assess drug-poisoning mortality. The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is a composite measure of social determinants of health comprised of 17 US census indicators, spanning four socioeconomic domains. For all US counties with available opioid prescription (2712 counties) and drug-poisoning mortality (3133 counties) data between 2012 and 2017, we used negative binomial regression to examine the association between quintiles of county-level ADI and the rates of opioid prescriptions and drug-poisoning mortality adjusted for year, age, race and sex.Primary outcome measuresCounty-level opioid prescription fills and drug-poisoning mortality.ResultsBetween 2012 and 2017, overall rates of opioid prescriptions decreased from 96.6 to 72.2 per 100 people, while the rates of drug-poisoning mortality increased from 14.3 to 22.8 per 100 000 people. Opioid prescription and drug-poisoning mortality rates were consistently higher with greater levels of deprivation. The risk of filling an opioid prescription was 72% higher, and the risk of drug-poisoning mortality was 36% higher, for most deprived compared with the least deprived counties (both p<0.001).DiscussionCounties with greater area-level deprivation have higher rates of filled opioid prescriptions and drug-poisoning mortality. Although opioid prescription rates declined across all ADI quintiles, the rates of drug-poisoning mortality continued to rise proportionately in each ADI quintile. This underscores the need for individualised and targeted interventions that consider the deprivation of communities where people live.
Study protocol and pilot results of an observational cohort study evaluating effect of red blood cell transfusion on oxygenation and mitochondrial oxygen tension in critically ill patients with anaemia: the INsufficient Oxygenation in the Intensive Care Unit (INOX ICU-2) study
Authors: Baysan Meryem , Arbous Mendi S , Mik Egbert G , Juffermans Nicole P , van der Bom Johanna G 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThe recently developed protoporphyrin IX-triple state lifetime technique measures mitochondrial oxygenation tension (mitoPO2) in vivo at the bedside. MitoPO2might be an early indicator of oxygen disbalance in cells of critically ill patients and therefore may support clinical decisions regarding red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. We aim to investigate the effect of RBC transfusion and the associated changes in haemoglobin concentration on mitoPO2and other physiological measures of tissue oxygenation and oxygen balance in critically ill patients with anaemia. We present the protocol and pilot results for this study.Methods and analysisWe perform a prospective multicentre observational study in three mixed intensive care units in the Netherlands with critically ill patients with anaemia in whom an RBC transfusion is planned. The skin of the anterior chest wall of the patients is primed with a 5-aminolevulinic acid patch for 4 hours for induction of mitochondrial protoporphyrin-IX to enable measurements of mitoPO2, which is done with the COMET monitoring device. At multiple predefined moments, before and after RBC transfusion, we assess mitoPO2and other physiological parameters of oxygen balance and tissue oxygenation. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the data. A linear mixed-effect model will be used to study the association between RBC transfusion and mitoPO2and other traditional parameters of oxygenation, oxygen delivery and oxygen balance. Missing data will be imputed using multiple imputation methods.Ethics and disseminationThe institutional ethics committee of each participating centre approved the study (reference P16.303), which will be conducted according to the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03092297.
Study protocol for a multicentre longitudinal mixed methods study to explore the Outcomes of ChildrEn and fAmilies in the first year after paediatric Intensive Care: the OCEANIC study
Authors: Manning Joseph C , Latour Jos M. , Curley Martha A.Q. , Draper Elizabeth S. , Jilani Tahseen , Quinlan Philip R , Watson R. Scott , Rennick Janet E. , Colville Gillian , Pinto Neethi , Latif Asam , Popejoy Emma , Coad Jane 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionAnnually in the UK, 20 000 children become very ill or injured and need specialist care within a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Most children survive. However, some children and their families may experience problems after they have left the PICU including physical, functional and/or emotional problems. It is unknown which children and families experience such problems, when these occur or what causes them. The aim of this mixed-method longitudinal cohort study is to understand the physical, functional, emotional and social impact of children surviving PICU (aged: 1 month–17 years), their parents and siblings, during the first year after a PICU admission.Methods and analysisA quantitative study involving 300 child survivors of PICU; 300 parents; and 150–300 siblings will collect data (using self-completion questionnaires) at baseline, PICU discharge, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-PICU discharge. Questionnaires will comprise validated and reliable instruments. Demographic data, PICU admission and treatment data, health-related quality of life, functional status, strengths and difficulties behaviour and post-traumatic stress symptoms will be collected from the child. Parent and sibling data will be collected on the impact of paediatric health conditions on the family’s functioning capabilities, levels of anxiety and social impact of the child’s PICU admission. Data will be analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Concurrently, an embedded qualitative study involving semistructured interviews with 24 enrolled families at 3 months and 9 months post-PICU discharge will be undertaken. Framework analysis will be used to analyse the qualitative data.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethical approval from the National Health Services Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 19/WM/0290) and full governance clearance. This will be the first UK study to comprehensively investigate physical, functional, emotional and social consequences of PICU survival in the first-year postdischarge.Clinical Trials Registration Number:ISRCTN28072812[Pre-results]
Unnecessary antibiotic prescribing in children hospitalised for asthma exacerbation: a retrospective national cohort study
Authors: Jewell Marcella J , Leyenaar JoAnna , Shieh Meng-Shiou , Pekow Penelope S , Stefan Mihaela , Lindenauer Peter K 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAntibiotic resistance represents a worldwide public health threat. Characterising prescribing patterns for conditions for which antibiotics have no role can inform antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Asthma is among the most common non-infectious diseases in children and results in 100 000 hospitalisations annually in the USA. We sought to identify the rate of antibiotic prescribing in children hospitalised for asthma exacerbations, and to characterise patient and hospital factors associated with receipt of antibiotics.MethodsChildren and adolescents aged 2–17 years admitted to hospital between 1 October 2015 and 30 June 2018 with an asthma exacerbation were identified from the Premier Alliance Database. After excluding hospitalisations for which antibiotics appeared to have been justified, we assessed receipt and duration of antibiotic treatments during the hospital stay. We developed a hierarchical logistic regression model to identify patient and hospital factors associated with antibiotic treatment. For each hospital with at least 10 asthma cases we computed the percentage of cases receiving antibiotic treatment.Results23 129 hospital stays met inclusion criteria; in 3329 (14%) of these, antibiotics were prescribed without clear indication. Hospital prescribing rates varied widely (range 0%–95%), with 25% of hospitals prescribing antibiotics at a rate of 27.5% or more. Patient factors most strongly associated with receipt of antibiotics included the presence of a complex chronic condition (OR: 2.4, 95% CI 2.1 to 2.9; p<0.0001) and admission to the intensive care unit compared with a general medical-surgical bed (OR: 1.6, 95% CI 1.5 to 1.9; p<0.0001). Hospitalisation at general hospitals with minimum paediatric specialty support conferred a nearly threefold higher odds of antibiotic treatment (OR: 2.9, 95% CI 1.5 to 5.6; p<0.0001).ConclusionsThese findings illustrate an opportunity to reduce unnecessary exposure to antibiotics in children hospitalised with asthma, particularly in general hospitals where three-quarters of children in the USA receive their hospital-based care.
Evaluation of two simulation methods for teaching a disaster skill
Authors: Smith Sherrill , Farra Sharon L , Hodgson Eric 
Published: May 2020

Introduction
With increasing use of virtual reality simulation (VRS) in nursing
education, there is a paucity of research exploring learning outcomes following
training with VRS as compared with traditional mannequin-based simulation.
Given the resource intensive nature of mannequin-based simulation, especially
for disaster education, understanding outcomes from newer technologies like VRS
are needed.

Methods
A quasi-experimental design was used to examine the differences in
learning outcomes for the disaster skill of decontamination, based on type of
simulation. The study was framed by the National Leage for Nursing (NLN)
Jeffries Simulation Theory, with participant outcomes identified by the
framework (satisfaction, self-confidence and performance). Outcomes were
measured using the NLN Student Satisfaction and Self­ Confidence in Learning
scale and a Decontamination Checklist. Senior nursing students in the final
semester of a baccalaureate nursing programme were recruited to participate
during one of their scheduled laboratory days. Following a didactic
presentation, students were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups
(VRS or mannequin-based simulation training) to learn the skill of
decontamination.

Results
A total of 121 participants took part in the study. No statistically
significant results were noted for any of the study outcomes: performance
(accuracy and time), satisfaction and self-efficacy. Results of the study
demonstrate that VRS is as effective as mannequin-based simulation in training
participants for the skill of decontamination.

Conclusions
Simulation-based education experiences must be matched to learning
outcomes and evaluated for effectiveness. As evidence emerges regarding use of
newer technologies, like VRS, educators will have more options for providing
students with opportunities that best match available resources.
Sleep apnoea and cardiovascular outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Koo Chieh Yang , Aung Aye-Thandar , Chen Zhengfeng , Kristanto William , Sim Hui-Wen , Tam Wilson W , Gochuico Carlo F , Tan Kent Anthony , Kang Giap-Swee , Sorokin Vitaly , Ong Paul Jau Lueng , Kojodjojo Pipin , Richards Arthur Mark , Tan Huay-Cheem , Kofidis Theodoros , Lee Chi-Hang 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivePatients with advanced coronary artery disease are referred for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and it remains unknown if sleep apnoea is a risk marker. We evaluated the association between sleep apnoea and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in patients undergoing non-emergent CABG.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study conducted between November 2013 and December 2018. Patients from four public hospitals referred to a tertiary cardiac centre for non-emergent CABG were recruited for an overnight sleep study using a wrist-worn Watch-PAT 200 device prior to CABG.ResultsAmong the 1007 patients who completed the study, sleep apnoea (defined as apnoea-hypopnoea index ≥15 events per hour) was diagnosed in 513 patients (50.9%). Over a mean follow-up period of 2.1 years, 124 patients experienced the four-component MACCE (2-year cumulative incidence estimate, 11.3%). There was a total of 33 cardiac deaths (2.5%), 42 non-fatal myocardial infarctions (3.7%), 50 non-fatal strokes (4.9%) and 36 unplanned revascularisations (3.2%). The crude incidence of MACCE was higher in the sleep apnoea group than the non-sleep apnoea group (2-year estimate, 14.7% vs 7.8%; p=0.002). Sleep apnoea predicted the incidence of MACCE in unadjusted Cox regression analysis (HR 1.69; 95% CI 1.18 to 2.43), and remained statistically significant (adjusted HR 1.57; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.25), after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, left ventricular ejection fraction, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and excessive daytime sleepiness.ConclusionSleep apnoea is independently associated with increased MACCE in patients undergoing CABG.Trial registration numberNCT02701504
The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer statement on best practices for multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining and validation
Authors: Taube Janis M , Akturk Guray , Angelo Michael , Engle Elizabeth L , Gnjatic Sacha , Greenbaum Shirley , Greenwald Noah F , Hedvat Cyrus V , Hollmann Travis J , Juco Jonathan , Parra Edwin R , Rebelatto Marlon C , Rimm David L , Rodriguez-Canales Jaime , Schalper Kurt A , Stack Edward C , Ferreira Cláudia S , Korski Konstanty , Lako Ana , Rodig Scott J , Schenck Emanuel , Steele Keith E , Surace Michael J , Tetzlaff Michael T , von Loga Katharina , Wistuba Ignacio I , Bifulco Carlo B 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThe interaction between the immune system and tumor cells is an important feature for the prognosis and treatment of cancer. Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) and multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) analyses are emerging technologies that can be used to help quantify immune cell subsets, their functional state, and their spatial arrangement within the tumor microenvironment.MethodsThe Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a task force of pathologists and laboratory leaders from academic centers as well as experts from pharmaceutical and diagnostic companies to develop best practice guidelines for the optimization and validation of mIHC/mIF assays across platforms.ResultsRepresentative outputs and the advantages and disadvantages of mIHC/mIF approaches, such as multiplexed chromogenic IHC, multiplexed immunohistochemical consecutive staining on single slide, mIF (including multispectral approaches), tissue-based mass spectrometry, and digital spatial profiling are discussed.ConclusionsmIHC/mIF technologies are becoming standard tools for biomarker studies and are likely to enter routine clinical practice in the near future. Careful assay optimization and validation will help ensure outputs are robust and comparable across laboratories as well as potentially across mIHC/mIF platforms. Quantitative image analysis of mIHC/mIF output and data management considerations will be addressed in a complementary manuscript from this task force.
Dual antiplatelet therapy after carotid artery stenting: trends and outcomes in a large national database
Authors: Sussman Eric S , Jin Michael , Pendharkar Arjun V , Pulli Benjamin , Feng Austin , Heit Jeremy J , Telischak Nicholas A 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundWhile dual antiplatelet therapy (dAPT) is standard of care following carotid artery stenting (CAS), the optimal dAPT regimen and duration has not been established.MethodsWe canvassed a large national database (IBM MarketScan) to identify patients receiving carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or CAS for treatment of ischemic stroke or carotid artery stenosis from 2007 to 2016. We performed univariable and multivariable regression methods to evaluate the impact of covariates on post-CAS stroke-free survival, including post-discharge antiplatelet therapy.ResultsA total of 79 084 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke or carotid stenosis received CEA (71 178; 90.0%) or CAS (7906; 10.0%). After adjusting for covariates, <180 days prescribed post-CAS P2Y12-inhibition was associated with increased risk for stroke (<90 prescribed days HR=1.421, 95% CI 1.038 to 1.946; 90–179 prescribed days HR=1.484, 95% CI 1.045 to 2.106). The incidence of hemorrhagic complications was higher during the period of prescribed P2Y12-inhibition (1.16% per person-month vs 0.49% per person-month after discontinuation, P<0.001). The rate of extracranial hemorrhage was nearly six-fold higher while on dAPT (6.50% per patient-month vs 1.16% per patient-month, P<0.001), and there was a trend towards higher rate of intracranial hemorrhage that did not reach statistical significance (5.09% per patient-month vs 3.69% per patient-month, P=0.0556). Later hemorrhagic events beyond 30 days post-CAS were significantly more likely to be extracranial (P=0.028).ConclusionsIncreased duration of post-CAS dAPT is associated with lower rates of readmissions for stroke, and with increased risk of hemorrhagic complications, particularly extracranial hemorrhage. The potential benefit of prolonging dAPT with regard to ischemic complications must be balanced with the corresponding increased risk of predominantly extracranial hemorrhagic complications.
Is Madagascar at the edge of a generalised HIV epidemic? Situational analysis
Authors: Raberahona Mihaja , Monge François , Andrianiaina Rijasoa Harivelo , Randria Mamy Jean de Dieu , Ratefiharimanana Andosoa , Rakatoarivelo Rivo Andry , Randrianary Lanto , Randriamilahatra Emma , Rakotobe Liva , Mattern Chiarella , Andriananja Volatiana , Rajaonarison Hobimahanina , Randrianarisoa Mirella , Rakotomanana Elliott , Pourette Dolorès , Andriamahenina Hery Zo , Dezé Charlotte , Boukli Narjis , Baril Laurence , Vallès Xavier 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiological situation of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and to identify the main drivers for vulnerability in Madagascar.DesignLiterature review, qualitative research and situational analysis.Data sourcesSearch of electronic bibliographic databases, national repositories of documentation from 1998 to 2018. Search keywords included Madagascar, HIV, sexually transmitted infections, men who have sex with men (MSM), sex workers (SWs), transactional sex (TS), injecting drug users (IDUs), vulnerability and sexual behaviour. Qualitative sources were interviews and focus group discussions.Review methodsStudies focused on HIV and/or vulnerability of HIV in Madagascar in general, and key populations (KPs) and HIV/AIDS response were taken into account. National reports from key HIV response actors were included.ResultsMadagascar is characterised by a low HIV/AIDS epidemic profile in the general population (GP) (0.3%) combined with a high prevalence of HIV among KPs (SWs, MSM and IDUs).An increase in HIV prevalence among KP has been observed during recent years. Hospital-based data suggest an increase in HIV prevalence among the GP. The vulnerability traits are inconsistent use of condoms, multipartner relationships and other contextual factors like widespread TS and gender inequality. A high prevalence/incidence of sexually transmitted infections could indicate a high vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. However, there are no reports of HIV prevalence of >1% in antenatal consultation.ConclusionThere is not enough evidence to make a conclusion about the HIV epidemiological situation in Madagascar due to the scarcity of the epidemiological data. However, Madagascar may be closer to a turning point towards a high-prevalence epidemic with severe consequences, particularly when taking into account its socioeconomical fragility and underlying vulnerabilities. More precise epidemiological data and improved HIV/AIDS diagnosis and case management should be a public health priority.
Yrast band in the heavy N = Z nucleus $$^{88}$$Ru: $$\alpha $$-cluster approach
Authors: Mohr Peter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe yrast band in the heavy $$N = Z$$

N
=
Z

nucleus $$^{88}$$

88

Ru is studied in the framework of the $$\alpha $$
α
-cluster model in combination with double-folding potentials. It is found that the excitation energies of the yrast band in $$^{88}$$

88

Ru can be nicely described within the $$\alpha $$
α
-cluster approach using a smooth and mildly L-dependent adjustment of the potential strength. This result is similar to well-established $$\alpha $$
α
-cluster states in nuclei with a (magic core $$\otimes $$
⊗
$$\alpha $$
α
) structure. Contrary, the yrast bands in neighboring $$N \ne Z$$

N
≠
Z

nuclei deviate from such a typical $$\alpha $$
α
-cluster behavior. Finally, the $$\alpha $$
α
-cluster model predicts reduced transition strengths of about 10 Weisskopf units for intraband transitions between low-lying states in the yrast band of $$^{88}$$

88

Ru.
Investigation of the Higgs boson anomalous FCNC interactions in the simple 3-3-1 model
Authors: Huong D. T. , Duy N. T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study phenomenological constraints on the simple 3-3-1 model with flavor-violating Yukawa couplings. Both Higgs triplets couple to leptons and quarks, which generates flavor-violating signals in both lepton and quark sectors. We have shown that this model allows for a large Higgs lepton flavor-violating rate decay$$h \rightarrow \mu \tau $$h→μτand also may reach perfect agreement with other experimental constraints such as$$\tau \rightarrow \mu \gamma $$τ→μγand$$(g-2)_\mu $$(g-2)μ. The contributions of flavor-changing neutral current couplings, Higgs–quark–quark couplings, mixing to the mesons are investigated. Br$$(h \rightarrow q q^\prime )$$(h→qq′)can be enhanced acknowledging the measurements of meson mixing. The branching ratio for$$t \rightarrow q h$$t→qhcan reach up to$$10^{-3}$$10-3, but it could be as low as$$10^{-8}$$10-8.
Variable spot size optical system for a dual-wavelength laser therapy device
Authors: Dong Ningning , Cui Jinjiang , Xu Jiangen 
Published: May 2020

The majority of existing high-power laser therapeutic instruments employ a single wavelength for a single target; thus, they do not meet the requirements for clinical treatment. Therefore, this study designs an optical system for a dual-wavelength high-power laser therapeutic device with a variable spot size. The waist of the short arm of the optical cavity and the G1G2 parameter (G-parameter equivalent cavity method) is calculated using MATLAB software, the spot size and divergence angle on the lens are calculated using an ABCD matrix, and the distance between the treatment spot at different spot sizes and the transformation lens is calculated in order to design the treatment handpiece. Experiments are conducted to analyze the stability at an output power of 532 nm before beam combination and the power loss after beam combination. The results show that the output power stability of the 532-nm beam varies by less than 2% over 150 min, and the loss of both wavelengths is less than 20%, which meets the clinical requirements of the system. The safety performance can meet the requirements of national general standards for medical electrical safety. The proposed dual-wavelength laser therapy instrument has both visible wave and near-infrared wave characteristics; thus, it can accurately target both superficial vessels and vessels with a larger diameter and deeper position. This therapeutic device has the advantages of simple operation, stable and reliable laser output, high security and strong anti-interference ability, and meets the comprehensive clinical treatment demands of vascular diseases.