bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraspecific and biogeographical variation in foliar fungal communities and pathogen damage of native and invasivePhragmites australis
Authors: Allen Warwick J. , DeVries Aaron E. , Bologna Nicholas J. , Bickford Wesley A. , Kowalski Kurt P. , Meyerson Laura A. , Cronin James T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimRecent research has highlighted that the relationship between species interactions and latitude can differ between native and invasive plant taxa, generating biogeographical heterogeneity in community resistance to plant invasions. In the first study with foliar pathogens, we tested whether co‐occurring native and invasive lineages of common reed (Phragmites australis) exhibit non‐parallel latitudinal gradients in foliar fungal communities, pathogen susceptibility and damage, and whether these biogeographical patterns can influence the success of invasion.LocationNorth America.Time period2015–2017.Major taxa studiedPerennial grassP. australis.MethodsWe surveyed 35P. australisfield populations, spanning 17° latitude and comprising four phylogeographical lineages, including one endemic to North America and one invasive from Europe. For each population, we quantified the percentage of leaf pathogen damage and cultured fungi from diseased leaves, which we identified using molecular tools. To assess whether latitudinal gradients in pathogen damage had a genetic basis, we inoculated plants from 73 populations with four putative pathogens in a complementary common garden experiment and measuredP. australissusceptibility (i.e., diseased leaf area).ResultsWe isolated 84 foliar fungal taxa.Phragmites australislineage influenced fungal community composition but not diversity. Despite the invasive EuropeanP. australislineage being the least susceptible to three of the four pathogens tested in the common garden experiment, pathogen damage in the field was similar between native and invasive lineages, providing no evidence that release from foliar pathogens contributes to the success of invasion. Genetically based latitudinal gradients in pathogen susceptibility observed in the common garden were isolate specific and obscured by local environmental conditions in the field, where pathogen damage was threefold higher for northern compared with southern populations, regardless of lineage.Main conclusionsOur results highlight that host plant lineage and genetically based biogeographical gradients strongly influence foliar fungal communities and pathogen susceptibility, but do not translate to patterns of pathogen damage observed in the field.
User idea implementation in open innovation communities: Evidence from a new product development crowdsourcing community
Authors: Liu Qian , Du Qianzhou , Hong Yili , Fan Weiguo , Wu Shuang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn collaborative crowdsourcing communities for open innovation, users generate and submit ideas as idea co‐creators. Firms then select and implement valuable ideas for new product development. Despite the popularity and success of these open innovation communities, relatively little is known about the factors that determine the implementation of the user‐generated ideas. Based on research on individual creativity, we propose a conceptual model integrating users' previous experience, idea presentation characteristics and feedback valence to explain the likelihood of idea implementation. We validate our research model with a panel data analysis of 43 550 ideas submitted by 16 360 users in the MIUI new product development community hosted by Xiaomi, a large electronics manufacturing company in China. We find an inverted U‐shaped relationship between users' past successful experience and idea implementation. Furthermore, the length of ideas is positively associated with the likelihood of idea implementation. There is also an inverted U‐shaped relationship between supporting evidence and idea implementation. Finally, we demonstrate the negative effect of positive feedback and the positive effect of negative feedback on idea implementation. These findings offer rich insights to understand the phenomenon of open innovation better. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
New insights into the crystallization process of sol‐gel–derived 45S5 bioactive glass
Authors: Nawaz Qaisar , de Pablos‐Martín Araceli , Martins de Souza e Silva Juliana , Hurle Katrin , Jaimes Altair T. Contreras , Brauer Delia S. , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work the influence of thermal treatment conditions on crystallization of a sol‐gel‐derived 45S5 bioactive glass was evaluated using DSC, XRD, TEM, EDX, and X‐ray nanocomputed tomography (nano‐CT). Temperature and time of the thermal treatment strongly influence the composition of the crystalline phases. At the onset of the glass transition temperature (600°C), combeite crystallizes as the main phase along with a calcium silicate‐phosphate phase, which decomposes into rhenanite from 2 hours of thermal treatment at this temperature. At the crystallization temperature (700°C), combeite remains as the main crystalline phase. Additionally, Na2Ca2Si2O7 crystalline phase is formed. Our results provide a basic platform for tailoring the crystalline phases by controlling the nucleation and growth of crystalline phases via thermal treatments. Different morphologies (round particles, stacked layers, toothpick‐like, and long features) were discerned by TEM as a function of temperature and time of treatment. It is the first time that bioactive glass is investigated by nano‐CT at laboratory scale. This novel technique enables the 3D visualization of features in the nanometer range, giving clear information about the volumetric distribution of phases in the sample.
Effect of catalyst on carbon nanotubes synthesis on titanium diboride via chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Lin Jia , Yang Yihang , Zhang Houan , Li Fenqiang , Huang Guimei , Wang Jinhuo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) were in situ synthesized on titanium diboride (TiB2) substrates using different catalysts (Fe, Co, and Ni) via ethylene chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The effects of various catalysts on the quality and quantity of grown CNTs were investigated using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman characterization techniques. Next, as‐received powders were sintered by spark plasma sintering to obtain compact bulk composites. The effects of the metallic catalysts as sintering aids on the microstructural and mechanical properties of TiB2‐based composites were also studied. Results show that metal Ni not only plays a significant role in the catalyst to produce larger numbers of CNTs but also promotes the densification of TiB2 ceramics in sintering and has been shown to provide good reinforcement. Maximum values of flexural strength (1093 ± 19 MPa) and toughness (13.9 ± 0.3 MPa ·m1/2) were obtained using the Ni catalyst, which were significantly higher than the same values for Fe and Co catalysts.
Umbrella review of family‐focused care interventions supporting families where a family member has a long‐term condition
Authors: Smith Joanna , Ali Parveen , Birks Yvonne , Curtis Penny , Fairbrother Hannah , Kirk Susan , Saltiel David , Thompson Jill , Swallow Veronica 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to summarize reviews of family‐focused care interventions that support families with a family member with a long‐term condition across the life course.DesignUmbrella review.Data sourcesMedline (1946–2019), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2019), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effect and EMBASE (1947–2019), CINAHL (1981–2019), Health Technology Assessment Database (2019) and PsycInfo (1806–2019).Review MethodsAll authors independently undertook title/abstract screening, data extraction and quality appraisal on a cluster of papers, working in groups of two or three to reach a consensus. The AMSTAR tool was used to appraise the quality of the studies and descriptive syntheses were undertaken.ResultsFifteen reviews met the selection criteria. Overall family‐focussed care and associated terms were poorly defined. Typically interventions were educational or psychological therapy/counselling with the goal of empowering individuals to manage their condition. There is some evidence that family‐focused care interventions can improve clinical/biological health measures and self‐care outcomes such as treatment adherence. Multicomponent psychosocial interventions that include cognitive‐behavioural therapy, skills training, education and support and are focused on wider family members appear to improve family relationships and martial functioning.ConclusionLong‐term conditions have an impact on individual and family health and well‐being, yet the impact of family‐focused care interventions on family outcomes was overall inconclusive. A better understanding of how family‐focused care interventions improve the health and well‐being of individuals and their families is needed to promote the inclusion of family‐focused care into practice.ImpactSupporting people with a long‐term condition is a key health and social care priority. Family‐focused care interventions have potential to improve the health and well‐being of individuals and families, but there is a need to evaluate their clinical and cost‐effectiveness. The findings from this review could be used by funding bodies when commissioning research for long‐term conditions.
Treatment of granuloma annulare and related granulomatous diseases with sulphasalazine: a series of 16 cases
Authors: Yang Y.W. , Lehrer M.D. , Mangold A.R. , Yiannias J.A. , Nelson S.A. , Pittelkow M.R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundGranuloma annulare (GA) and the related annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma (AEGCG) and interstitial granulomatous dermatitis (IGD) are idiopathic histiocytic inflammatory disorders, which are frequently recalcitrant to treatment.ObjectivesEvaluate the efficacy of sulphasalazine in treating GA, AEGCG and IGD.MethodsSixteen patients were identified with granulomatous disease who were treated with sulphasalazine between September 2015 and September 2019. Outcomes were based on patients’ and providers’ subjective evaluations.ResultsSixteen patients were included in the study (ages 56–89, four male and twelve female). Previous treatments were attempted in fifteen patients. Clinical improvement was seen in fourteen patients (87.5%). Initial improvement was noted within a mean (SD) of 66.4 (35.1) days after starting therapy, with increasing benefits over time. Ten patients (62.5%) reported complete or near‐complete clearance, three patients (18.8%) reported significant improvement, and one (6.3%) reported partial improvement. Twelve patients elected to stop or reduce therapy, resulting in relapse or worsening in five patients.ConclusionsSulphasalazine may be considered as treatment for GA and GA‐related conditions.
Covid‐19 and the digestive system
Authors: Wong Sunny H , Lui Rashid NS , Sung Joseph JY 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease is currently causing a major pandemic. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), a member of the Betacoronavirus genus that also includes the SARS‐CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. While patients typically present with fever and a respiratory illness, some patients also report gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Studies have identified the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in stool specimens of infected patients, and its viral receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 was found to be highly expressed in gastrointestinal epithelial cells. These suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 can actively infect and replicate in the gastrointestinal tract. This has important implications to the disease management, transmission, and infection control. In this article, we review the important gastrointestinal aspects of the disease.
Saving the Costa Verde's Waves: Surfing and Discourses of Race–Class in the Enactment of Lima's Coastal Infrastructure
Authors: Viatori Maximilian , Scheuring Brandon 
Published: March 2020

ResumenEste artículo examina las recientes protestas de los surfistas en contra de la expansión de carreteras a lo largo de la Costa Verde, la cual consiste en un tramo de playas y acantilados de arena que brinda a los residentes de Lima, Perú, acceso al Océano Pacífico. Argumentamos que, en sus protestas, los surfistas buscaban defender una promulgación particularmente histórica sobre la infraestructura de la Costa Verde, la cual garantizaría las condiciones actuales para producir olas manejables. Sin embargo, esta representación de la naturaleza de la Costa Verde históricamente se ha enraizado y ha reproducido construcciones discursivas de raza y clase en las geografías sociales de la élite de Lima. Nuestro análisis de los esfuerzos de los surfistas para salvar sus olas revela los mecanismos (o medios) sutiles en que las desigualdades más profundas se reproducen, a veces involuntariamente, en las luchas por la infraestructura.
A Theory of Capitalist Slavery
Authors: Clegg John 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe relationship between slavery and capitalism has become a renewed topic of debate, yet scholars have not been able to agree on a definition of capitalism. In this article I first clear up some misconceptions and situate the debate in the Marxian tradition from which it arose. I argue that while non‐Marxian accounts of capitalism fail to explain the key social transformations that have accompanied the rise of capitalism globally, Marxian accounts have failed to comprehend similar transformations that occurred on American slave plantations in the 19th century. I then present a general model of capitalism, building on earlier work by Brenner and Wood, that both incorporates and explains the distinctive dynamics of capitalist slavery in the antebellum South.
Effects of Azolla spp. as feed ingredient on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chicken
Authors: Samad Fadzlin A. A. , Idris Lokman H. , Abu Hassim Hasliza , Goh Yong Meng , Loh Teck Chwen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of Azolla spp. inclusion in feed ingredient of broiler chickens. Two hundred of day‐old broiler chicks were raised in Farm 15, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia. The birds were individually wing banded, weighed and allocated into four treatment groups (control: 0% of Azolla spp., T1: 5% of Azolla spp., T2: 10% of Azolla spp. and T3: 15% of Azolla spp.). Each group has five replicates and ten birds per pen. All the birds were fed ad libitum during the feeding trial, which lasted 42 days. During the end of the starter and finisher phase, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered. Ileal digesta sample was collected to determine the nutrient digestibility of the Azolla spp. on broiler chickens. Azolla spp. nutritional content was 5.14% dry matter, 24.82% crude protein, 16.64% crude fibre, 2.00% ether extract, 11.59% ash, 34.95% nitrogen‐free extract, 42.52% neutral detergent fibre, 31.15% acid detergent fibre, 16.86% acid detergent lignin, 11.37% hemicellulose and 14.29% cellulose. The result from this study showed T3 (15% of Azolla spp.) has significantly highest (p < .05) in overall body weight gain. However, in terms of feed intake and feed conversion ratio, there were no significant differences (p > .05) among treatments. For the nutrient digestibility experiment, the findings showed compared with a control group, feeding of 10% or 15% of Azolla spp. led to significant improvement (p < .05) in nutrient digestibility. The studies conclude the inclusion of Azolla spp. up to 15% in broiler chicken feed ration can improved growth of body performance and showed no adverse effect on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of the birds.
Associations of maternal resources with care behaviours differ by resource and behaviour
Authors: Basnet Sulochana , Frongillo Edward A. , Nguyen Phuong Hong , Moore Spencer , Arabi Mandana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCare is important for children's growth and development, but lack or inadequacy of resources for care can constrain appropriate caregiving. The objectives of this study were to examine whether maternal resources for care are associated with care behaviours specifically infant and young child feeding, hygiene, health‐seeking, and family care behaviours. The study also examined if some resources for care are more important than others. This study used baseline Alive & Thrive household surveys from Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Ethiopia. Measures of resources for care were maternal education, knowledge, height, nourishment, mental well‐being, decision‐making autonomy, employment, support in chores, and perceived instrumental support. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of resources for care with child‐feeding practices (exclusive breastfeeding, minimum meal frequency, dietary and diversity), hygiene practices (improved drinking water source, improved sanitation, and cleanliness), health‐seeking (full immunization), and family care (psychosocial stimulation and availability of adequate caregiver). The models were adjusted for covariates at child, parents, and household levels and accounted for geographic clustering. All measures of resources for care had positive associations with care behaviours; in a few instances, however, the associations between the resources for care and care behaviours were in the negative direction. Improving education, knowledge, nutritional status, mental well‐being, autonomy, and social support among mothers would facilitate provision of optimal care for children.
Habitat light sets the boundaries for the rapid evolution of cichlid fish vision, while sexual selection can tune it within those limits
Authors: Schneider Ralph F. , Rometsch Sina J. , Torres‐Dowdall Julián , Meyer Axel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCichlid fishes' famous diversity in body coloration is accompanied by a highly diverse and complex visual system. Although cichlids possess an unusually high number of seven cone opsin genes, they express only a subset of these during their ontogeny, accounting for their astonishing interspecific variation in visual sensitivities. Much of this diversity is thought to have been shaped by natural selection as cichlids inhabit a variety of habitats with distinct light environments. Also, sexual selection might have contributed to the observed visual diversity, and sexual dimorphism in coloration potentially co‐evolved with sexual dimorphism in opsin expression. We investigated sex‐specific opsin expression of several cichlids from Africa and the Neotropics and collected and integrated data sets on sex‐specific body coloration, species‐specific visual sensitivities, lens transmission and habitat light properties for some of them. We comparatively analysed this wide range of molecular and ecological data, illustrating how integrative approaches can address specific questions on the factors and mechanisms driving diversification, and the evolution of cichlid vision in particular. We found that both sexes expressed opsins at the same levels—even in sexually dimorphic cichlid species—which argues against coevolution of sexual dichromatism and differences in sex‐specific visual sensitivity. Rather, a combination of environmental light properties and body coloration shaped the diversity in spectral sensitivities among cichlids. We conclude that although cichlids are particularly colourful and diverse and often sexually dimorphic, it would appear that natural rather than sexual selection is a more powerful force driving visual diversity in this hyperdiverse lineage.
Effects of nonnutritive sweeteners on body weight and BMI in diverse clinical contexts: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Laviada‐Molina Hugo , Molina‐Segui Fernanda , Pérez‐Gaxiola Giordano , Cuello‐García Carlos , Arjona‐Villicaña Ruy , Espinosa‐Marrón Alan , Martinez‐Portilla Raigam Jafet 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThere is an ongoing debate about the possible influences of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) on body weight. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with NNS to assess their impact on body weight. We systematically searched for RCTs at least 4 weeks in duration, evaluating the effect of NNS on body weight, both in subjects with healthy weight and in subjects with overweight/obesity at any age, and compared the effects of NNS vs caloric and noncaloric comparators. The primary outcome was the difference in body weight between NNS and comparators. Twenty studies were eligible (n = 2914). Participants consuming NNS showed significant weight/BMI differences favouring NNS compared with nonusers. Grouping by nature of comparator revealed that NNS vs placebo/no intervention and NNS vs water produced no effect. When comparing NNS vs sucrose, significant weight/BMI differences appeared favouring NNS. Consumption of NNS led to significantly negative weight/BMI differences in unrestricted energy diets, but not in weight‐reduction diets. Participants with overweight/obesity and adults showed significant favourable weight/BMI differences with NNS. Data suggest that replacing sugar with NNS leads to weight reduction, particularly in participants with overweight/obesity under an unrestricted diet, information that could be utilized for evidence‐based public policy decisions.
Mutation screening of 17 candidate genes in a cohort of 67 probands with early‐onset high myopia
Authors: Liu Fang , Wang Junwen , Xing Yiqiao , Li Tuo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeTo detect variants in 17 known potentially causative genes for non‐syndromic myopia in 67 Tujia Chinese patients with early‐onset high myopia (eo‐HM).MethodsDNA from 67 unrelated patients with early onset (<7 years old) high myopia (refraction error ≤ −6.00D or axial length > 26 mm) were subjected to whole‐exome sequencing (WES). Variants in 17 candidate genes were analysed by multistep bioinformatics analysis. Subsequently, Sanger sequencing was used to verify identified candidate mutations and to assess available family members for co‐segregation with myopia.ResultsA multistep systematic analysis of variants in 17 potentially causative genes for eo‐HM revealed four novel pathogenic mutations and three potential pathogenic mutations in 4 of 17 genes in 7 of 67 (10.4%) probands. The pathogenic group included one missense mutation (c.100G > C, p.Asp34His) and one splice donor mutation (c.989 + 1G >A) in ARR3, one missense mutation (c.995C > A, p.Thr332Lys) in NDUFAF7 and one novel frameshift mutation (c.726dupA, p.Arg243fs*140) in SLC39A5. The potential pathogenic group included two missense mutations (c.3266A > G, p.Tyr1089Cys; c.913G > A, p.Glu305Lys) in ZNF644 and one missense mutation (c.960T > A, p.His320Gln) in NDUFAF7. Sequence changes were confirmed by Sanger sequencing; all had an allele frequency <0.01 in the 1000G, EVS, ExAC and gnomAD databases. Additionally, both the pathogenic and potentially pathogenic mutations were predicted to be damaging by SIFT, Polyphen‐2, PROVEAN, MutationTaster2, CADD and REVEL except the p.Tyr1089Cys and p.Glu305Lys changes were predicted to be neutral by PROVEAN.ConclusionOur research provides more evidence to support the hypothesis that mutations in ARR3, SLC39A5 and NDUFAF7 are disease‐causing genes for eo‐HM and broadens the eo‐HM mutation spectrum among different ethnic groups. It also deepens understanding of the contributions of ARR3, SLC39A5, and NDUFAF7 to eo‐HM.