bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors integrated with tantalum pentoxide waveguides
Authors: Wolff Martin A. , Vogel Simon , Splitthoff Lukas , Schuck Carsten 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhotonic integrated circuits hold great potential for realizing quantum technology. Efficient single-photon detectors are an essential constituent of any such quantum photonic implementation. In this regard waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors are an ideal match for achieving advanced photon counting capabilities in photonic integrated circuits. However, currently considered material systems do not readily satisfy the demands of next generation nanophotonic quantum technology platforms with integrated single-photon detectors, in terms of refractive-index contrast, band gap, optical nonlinearity, thermo-optic stability and fast single-photon counting with high signal-to-noise ratio. Here we show that such comprehensive functionality can be realized by integrating niobium titanium nitride superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with tantalum pentoxide waveguides. We demonstrate state-of-the-art detector performance in this novel material system, including devices showing 75% on-chip detection efficiency at tens of dark counts per second, detector decay times below 1 ns and sub-30 ps timing accuracy for telecommunication wavelengths photons at 1550 nm. Notably, we realize saturation of the internal detection efficiency over a previously unattained bias current range for waveguide-integrated niobium titanium nitride superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Our work enables the full set of high-performance single-photon detection capabilities on the emerging tantalum pentoxide-on-insulator platform for future applications in integrated quantum photonics.
Visual and Auditory Verbal Memory in Older Adults: Comparing Postlingually Deaf Cochlear Implant Users to Normal-Hearing Controls
Authors: Icht Michal , Mama Yaniv , Taitelbaum-Swead Riki 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The aim of this study was to test whether a group of older postlingually deafened cochlear implant users (OCIs) use similar verbal memory strategies to those used by older normal-hearing adults (ONHs). Verbal memory functioning was assessed in the visual and auditory modalities separately, enabling us to eliminate possible modality-based biases.

Method
Participants performed two separate visual and auditory verbal memory tasks. In each task, the visually or aurally presented study words were learned by vocal production (saying aloud) or by no production (reading silently or listening), followed by a free recall test. Twenty-seven older adults (> 60 years) participated (OCI = 13, ONH = 14), all of whom demonstrated intact cognitive abilities. All OCIs showed good open-set speech perception results in quiet.

Results
Both ONHs and OCIs showed production benefits (higher recall rates for vocalized than nonvocalized words) in the visual and auditory tasks. The ONHs showed similar production benefits in the visual and auditory tasks. The OCIs demonstrated a smaller production effect in the auditory task.

Conclusions
These results may indicate that different modality-specific memory strategies were used by the ONHs and the OCIs. The group differences in memory performance suggest that, even when deafness occurs after the completion of language acquisition, the reduced and distorted external auditory stimulation leads to a deterioration in the phonological representation of sounds. Possibly, this deterioration leads to a less efficient auditory long-term verbal memory.
A physical model for the magnetosphere of Uranus at solstice time
Authors: Pantellini Filippo 
Published: October 2020

Context. Uranus is the only planet in the Solar System whose rotation axis and orbital plane are nearly parallel to each other. Uranus is also the planet with the largest angle between the rotation axis and the direction of its magnetic dipole (roughly 59°). Consequently, the shape and structure of its magnetospheric tail is very different to those of all other planets in whichever season one may consider. The only in situ measurements were obtained in January 1986 during a flyby of the Voyager II spacecraft. At that date, Uranus was near solstice time, but unfortunately the data collected by the spacecraft were much too sparse to allow for a clear view of the structure and dynamics of its extended magnetospheric tail. Later numerical simulations revealed that the magnetic tail of Uranus at solstice time is helically shaped with a characteristic pitch of the order of 1000 planetary radii.
Aims. We aim to propose a magnetohydrodynamic model for the magnetic tail of Uranus at solstice time.
Methods. We constructed our model based on a symmetrised version of the Uranian system by assuming an exact alignment of the solar wind and the planetary rotation axis and an angle of 90° between the planetary magnetic dipole and the rotation axis. We do also postulate that the impinging solar wind is steady and unmagnetised, which implies that the magnetosphere is quasi-steady in the rotating planetary frame and that there is no magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause.
Results. One of the main conclusions is that all magnetic field lines forming the extended magnetic tail follow the same qualitative evolution from the time of their emergence through the planet’s surface and the time of their late evolution after having been stretched and twisted several times downstream of the planet. In the planetary frame, these field lines move on magnetic surfaces that wind up to form a tornado-shaped vortex with two foot points on the planet (one in each magnetic hemisphere). The centre of the vortex (the eye of the tornado) is a simple double helix with a helical pitch (along the symmetry axis z) λ = τ[vz+Bz/(μ0ρ)1/2], where τ is the rotation period of the planet, μ0 the permeability of vacuum, ρ the mass density, vz the fluid velocity, and Bz the magnetic field where all quantities have to be evaluated locally at the centre of the vortex. In summary, in the planetary frame, the motion of a typical magnetic field of the extended Uranian magnetic tail is a vortical motion, which asymptotically converges towards the single double helix, regardless of the line’s emergence point on the planetary surface.
Elektrokonvulsionstherapie bei einer Patientin mit Kavernom in der Medulla oblongata
Authors: Kozian Ralf , Grözinger Michael , Graf Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Durchführung einer EKT-Behandlung sollte auch beim Vorliegen eines Kavernoms der Medulla oblongata mit früherer Blutung nicht grundsätzlich ausgeschlossen werden, erfordert aber entsprechende Voraussetzungen wie neurochirurgische Konsultation, ein striktes Blutdruckmonitoring und eine besondere Information des Patienten. Summary: Cavernous malformation in the medulla oblongata with previous bleeding is not in principle a reason for excluding electroconvulsive therapy. However, before such intervention is carried out, certain preconditions should be met such as neurosurgical consultation, close blood pressure monitoring and a special medical information of the patient.
Nierenpathologische Befunde bei COVID-19-Patienten
Authors: Wiech Thorsten , Sperhake Jan-Peter , Zipfel Peter F. , Huber Tobias B. 
Published: October 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIm Verlauf einer Infektion mit dem SARS-CoV-2-Virus kommt es nicht selten zu einer akuten Niereninsuffizienz. Bei einem Teil der Patienten liegt bereits ein vorbestehender chronischer Schaden vor, zumeist aufgrund einer hypertensiven Schädigung, zum Teil auch aufgrund einer diabetischen Glomerulosklerose. Wie es zur akuten Komponente eines Nierenversagens kommt, ist im Einzelnen nicht geklärt, eine akute T-Zell-vermittelte interstitielle Nephritis scheint typischerweise nicht zu bestehen. Über den angiotensin converting enzyme Rezeptor 2 treten die Viren in die menschlichen Zellen ein. Die Expression dieses Rezeptors in Nierenzellen und der Nachweis von Viren in der Niere legen nahe, dass es zu einer direkten Nierenzellschädigung durch das Virus kommen kann. Zusätzlich spielt wahrscheinlich auch eine indirekte Schädigung der Tubulusepithelzellen über durch die Viren induzierte Komplementfaktoren und Zytokine sowie über eine gestörte Perfusion, z. B. über Fibrinthromben sowie eine Kongestion bei Rechtsherzinsuffizienz eine Rolle. Zusammenfassend entsteht ein akutes Nierenversagen bei COVID-19-Patienten wahrscheinlich zumeist multifaktoriell.
The Direct Costs of Dravet's Syndrome before and after Diagnosis Assessment
Authors: Česká Katarína , Český Lukáš , Ošlejšková Hana , Aulická Štefánia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to estimate the direct cost before and after diagnosis assessment in patients with Dravet's syndrome (DS). The basis of the economic study was to calculate the costs of health care before and after diagnosis of DS. We retrospectively evaluated all SCN1A positive patients with phenotype of DS treated in our hospital. Statistical analyses were performed by IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0 software. After the diagnosis of DS, there was a significant decline of health care costs (−85.6%) an average of €29.4 ± 26.1 monthly per patient. We estimated the monthly costs at €204.5 ± 167 (median: €193.9, range: €35.5–534.4) per patient before DS diagnosis. The major cost was for hospitalization in neurological department: €43.3 ± 52 (median: €21.9, range: €9.5–179.4) per patient. Minimal cost per patient per months before DS diagnosis was cost of psychological testing/care and complementary rehabilitation (0.13 and 0.6% of total cost). After DS diagnosis, the major cost was focused on nonhospitalization care of patients (64.8%), minimal (€0) for genetic testing and major for outpatient care (18%, mean: €5.3, median: €7). DS results in essential health care utilization and high financial burden before diagnosis elucidation caused by repeated hospitalization and extensive diagnostics tests of “epileptic encephalopathy of unknown etiology.” The results of this study point out that early assessment of the diagnosis leads to significant decrease of the financial costs because of adequate therapeutic management and exclusion of redundant diagnostic testing after elucidation of correct diagnosis.
Cyclic peptides can engage a single binding pocket through highly divergent modes
Authors: Patel Karishma , Walport Louise J. , Walshe James L. , Solomon Paul D. , Low Jason K. K. , Tran Daniel H. , Mouradian Kevork S. , Silva Ana P. G. , Wilkinson-White Lorna , Norman Alexander , Franck Charlotte , Matthews Jacqueline M. , Guss J. Mitchell , Payne Richard J. , Passioura Toby , Suga Hiroaki , Mackay Joel P. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Large DNA-encoded libraries of cyclic peptides are emerging as powerful sources of molecules to tackle challenging drug targets. The structural and functional diversity contained within these libraries is, however, little explored. Here we demonstrate that one such library contains members that use unexpectedly diverse mechanisms to recognize the same surface on the same target proteins with high affinity and specificity. This range of binding modes is much larger than observed in natural ligands of the same proteins, demonstrating the power and versatility of the technology. Our data also reveal opportunities for the development of more sophisticated approaches to achieving specificity when trying to selectively target one member of a family of closely related proteins.
Simulation of EM loads acting on the plasma-facing units of ITER divertor cassette
Authors: Arslanova D N , Belov A V , Gapionok E I , Kukhtin V P , Lamzin E A , Lyublin B V , Rodin I Y , Sytchevsky S E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Some aspects of electromagnetic (EM) simulation of the central divertor cassettes (CDC) in the ITER tokamak are described. The study is focused on EM loads anticipated on the plasma-facing units (PFU) of CDC. The paper is devoted to the EM simulations of the most dangerous scenarios associated with high mechanical stresses: fast downward vertical displacement events of Categories II and III with 36-ms linear current quench (FD VDE-II and FD VDE-III with 36-ms LCQ). The selected events have been analyzed using the original TORNADO code intended for simulation of transient EM processes in 3D solids using the finite element representation. Results of computations include evolutions of EM loads on PFUs in the form of integral EM forces and moments, their peak values and relevant time points.
Structure of microplasma discharge on titanium surface covered with thin dielectric film
Authors: Ivanov V A , Konyzhev M E , Dorofeyuk A A , Kamolova T I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The spatial structure of the pulsed microplasma discharge (discharge duration is 100 μs, the amplitude of the discharge current is 200 A) was experimentally studied. The discharge is initiated on the titanium sample surface covered with the thin dielectric (titanium oxide) film with a thickness of ~10 nm. The sample was exposed to the pulsed plasma flow (the plasma density is 2 × 1013 cm–3, and the pulse duration is 25 μs). It was found that the microplasma discharge glow has the branched dendrite structure, which consists of a large number of cathode spots (brightly glowing localized formations) randomly distributed over the metal surface. As a result of interaction between the microplasma discharge and the titanium sample, erosion occurs on its surface. The erosion structure is visually “identical” to the discharge glow structure. It was ascertained that the erosion pattern on the titanium surface consists of a large number of individual microcraters with characteristic sizes from 0.3 to 10 μm randomly distributed over an area of approximately 1 cm2. All together, these microcraters form the branched dendrite structure. It was also ascertained that the microplasma discharge propagates along the titanium surface covered with a thin dielectric (titanium oxide) film at an average velocity of approximately 70 m/s, and this propagation has a “jumping” character: the plasma of burning cathode spots initiates the excitation of new cathode spots at distances of 3–30 microns from them.
Leveraging Technology to Blend Large-Scale Epidemiologic Surveillance With Social and Behavioral Science Methods: Successes, Challenges, and Lessons Learned Implementing the UNITE Longitudinal Cohort Study of HIV Risk Factors Among Sexual Minority Men in the United States
Authors: Rendina H Jonathon , Talan Ali J , Tavella Nicola F , Matos Jonathan Lopez , Jimenez Ruben H , Jones S Scott , Salfas Brian , Westmoreland Drew 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The use of digital technologies to conduct large-scale research with limited interaction (i.e., no in-person contact) and objective endpoints (i.e., biological testing) has significant potential for the field of epidemiology, but limited research to date has been published on the successes and challenges of such approaches. We analyzed data from a cohort study of sexual minority men across the United States, collected using digital strategies during a 10-month period from 2017 to 2018. Overall, 113,874 individuals were screened, of whom 26,000 were invited to the study, 10,691 joined the study, and 7,957 completed all enrollment steps, including return of a human immunodeficiency virus–negative sample. We examined group differences in completion of the steps towards enrollment to inform future research and found significant differences according to several factors, including age and race. This study adds to prior work to provide further proof-of-concept for this limited-interaction, technology-mediated methodology, highlighting some of its strengths and challenges, including rapid access to more diverse populations but also potential for bias due to differential enrollment. This method has strong promise, and future implementation research is needed to better understand the roles of burden, privacy, access, and compensation, to enhance representativeness and generalizability of the data generated.
Epigenetically regulated gene expression profiles reveal four molecular subtypes with prognostic and therapeutic implications in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaokang , Liu Jinfeng , Wang Danwen , Feng Maohui , Wu Xiongzhi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Transcriptomic deregulation by epigenetic mechanisms plays a crucial role in the heterogeneous progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Herein, we first demonstrated that the frequencies of the aberrancies of DNA methylation-correlated (METcor) and microRNA (miRNA)-correlated (MIRcor) genes were significantly co-regulated. Next, through integrative clustering of the expression profiles of METcor and MIRcor genes, four molecular subtypes were identified in CRC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas and then validated in four independent datasets. More importantly, the four subtypes were well characterized and showed distinct clinical and molecular features: (i) S-I: high metabolic activity, sensitive to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy and good prognosis; (ii) S-II: moderate metabolic activity, marked proliferation, frequent KRAS mutation and intermediate prognosis; (iii) S-III: moderate metabolic activity, marked proliferation, promoter DNA hypermethylation, high mutation burden, frequent BRAF and EGFR mutations, moderate levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signals, immune-inflamed phenotype, sensitive to cetuximab and death protein-1 inhibitor treatment and relatively poor prognosis and (iv) S-IV: miRNA overexpression, stem/serrated/mesenchymal-like properties, hypoxia, high levels of EMT and TGFβ signals, immune-excluded phenotype and poor prognosis. Overall, this study established a molecular classification based on epigenetically regulated gene expression profiles, thereby providing a better understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying CRC heterogeneity.
Neutral and adaptive genomic variation in hybrid zones of two ecologically divergedPetuniaspecies (Solanaceae)
Authors: Caballero-Villalobos Lina , Silva-Arias Gustavo A , Turchetto Caroline , Giudicelli Giovanna C , Petzold Earl , Bombarely Aureliano , Freitas Loreta B 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHybridization between closely related plant species is a widespread phenomenon with significant evolutionary consequences, so natural hybrid zones provide exciting opportunities to study the processes of genetic differentiation and species formation. In Petunia, genetics, ecology and evolution of pollination syndromes have been thoroughly studied and related to the development of prezygotic isolation barriers between species. However, to date, no studies have explored the importance of extrinsic post-zygotic barriers such as environmental selection as drivers of reproductive isolation. In this study, we applied a population genetics approach to understand the speciation of two partially sympatric taxa of Petunia Juss that hybridize in the wild despite having strong differences in pollination syndrome, mating system and environmental requirements. We evaluated 58 individuals from seven allopatric and two contact zones of Petunia axillaris and P. exserta with genomic data to study the population genetic structure and gene exchange between these species and scan for potential loci under natural selection related to the preservation of species barriers. We explicitly evaluated the time, intensity and direction of interspecific migration, testing for alternative demographic scenarios. The genetic structure showed well-differentiated species-level lineages, and poor differentiation among populations of P. axillaris; P. exserta populations were highly structured, with several well-differentiated intraspecific lineages. Our data provide evidence for admixture with low asymmetric gene flow from P. axillaris to P. exserta associated with recent secondary contact, suggesting that pollinator specificity is not the only trait responsible for species integrity in this system. Combining the results from FST outlier and genotype–phenotype association methods, we identified 54 non-synonymous candidate variants under natural selection. Those variants are found in 35 coding sequences from which we found genes related to light-response networks, supporting that extrinsic factors such as habitat preferences can also provide a mechanism of reproductive isolation between Petunia spp. We argue that a set of pre- and post-zygotic barriers in conjunction with demographic processes maintain the species integrity.
Sensitive and Fast Determination of Ceftiofur in Honey and Veterinary Formulation by HPLC-UV Method with Pre-column Derivatization
Authors: Rashed Noha , Zayed Sahar , Fouad Fatma , Abdelazeem Amany 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A novel, sensitive and rapid high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of ceftiofur by pre-column derivatization with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate. Analysis was performed within 5 min on a Kinetex C18 column based on core-shell technology. The mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-water (50:50, v/v) pumped isocratically at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min under UV detection at 254 nm. The factors affecting the derivatization reaction and separation conditions were carefully evaluated and optimized. The method was linear over the concentration range of 45–450 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 3.29 ng/mL and limit of quantitation of 10.97 ng/mL. The new method was successfully applied for the analysis of ceftiofur in the veterinary formulation and honey with average recoveries of 100.78% and 98. 83%, respectively. The present method is suitable and favorable for the analysis of ceftiofur on account of its sensitivity, rapidity and cost-effectiveness. In addition, it could have significant application for the determination of ceftiofur in other food products.
Procedural recommendations of cardiac PET/CT imaging: standardization in inflammatory-, infective-, infiltrative-, and innervation- (4Is) related cardiovascular diseases: a joint collaboration of the EACVI and the EANM: summary
Authors: Slart Riemer H J A , Glaudemans Andor W J M , Gheysens Olivier , Lubberink Mark , Kero Tanja , Dweck Marc R , Habib Gilbert , Gaemperli Oliver , Saraste Antti , Gimelli Alessia , Georgoulias Panagiotis , Verberne Hein J , Bucerius Jan , Rischpler Christoph , Hyafil Fabien , Erba Paola A ,   4Is Cardiovascular Imaging: a joint initiative of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith this summarized document we share the standard for positron emission tomography (PET)/(diagnostic)computed tomography (CT) imaging procedures in cardiovascular diseases that are inflammatory, infective, infiltrative, or associated with dysfunctional innervation (4Is) as recently published in the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. This standard should be applied in clinical practice and integrated in clinical (multicentre) trials for optimal standardization of the procedurals and interpretations. A major focus is put on procedures using [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ([18F]FDG), but 4Is PET radiopharmaceuticals beyond [18F]FDG are also described in this summarized document. Whilst these novel tracers are currently mainly applied in early clinical trials, some multicentre trials are underway and we foresee in the near future their use in clinical care and inclusion in the clinical guidelines. Diagnosis and management of 4Is related cardiovascular diseases are generally complex and often require a multidisciplinary approach by a team of experts. The new standards described herein should be applied when using PET/CT and PET/magnetic resonance, within a multimodality imaging framework both in clinical practice and in clinical trials for 4Is cardiovascular indications.