bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paleomagnetic study of basaltic rocks from Baengnyeong Island, Korea: efficiency of the Tsunakawa–Shaw paleointensity determination on non-SD-bearing materials and implication for the early Pliocene geomagnetic field intensity
Authors: Ahn Hyeon-Seon , Yamamoto Yuhji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFinding the statistical intensity signatures of the Earth’s magnetic field over geologic time has helped understanding of the evolution of the Earth’s interior and its interactions with other integral parts of Earth systems. However, this has been often hampered by a paucity of absolute paleointensity (API) data, which are difficult to obtain primarily because of non-ideal magnetic behaviors of natural materials. Here, we present new API determination data with paleodirectional and rock magnetic analyses from basaltic rocks probably aged ~ 4‒5 Ma in Baengnyeong Island, Korea. Paleodirectional analysis obtained an overall mean direction of D = 347.3° and I = 38.3° (α95 = 4.9°, k = 113.4) corresponding to a virtual geomagnetic pole at 342.1° E and 70.2° N. Comprehensive rock magnetic analyses identified Ti-poor titanomagnetite with, in part, multi-domain (MD) particles as a main carrier of remanent magnetization. The Tsunakawa–Shaw (TS) method yielded 12 qualified API estimates with a high success rate, efficiently removing possible MD influences, and resulted in a mean value of 13.1 μT with good precision (1.7 μT, standard deviation). The Thellier method of the IZZI protocol with pTRM checks, coupled with the use of a bootstrap approach instead of the “conventional best-fitting” in API determination, gave 6.6‒19.7 μT as a 95% confidence interval of its mean API estimate, which supports the reliability of our TS-derived API mean estimate; but it is not considered in the final mean value because of the relatively large uncertainty. The virtual dipole moment corresponding to the TS-derived API mean, 2.9 (± 0.4) × 1022 Am2, is somewhat lower than the expectations of the past few Myr averages. Combined with a global API database, our new data implies a larger dispersion in the dipole moment during the early Pliocene than previously inferred. This also suggests that the issue of whether the early Pliocene average dipole strength was moderately high (> 5 × 1022 Am2) or consistent (4‒5 × 1022 Am2) should be discussed further.
Viability and collagen secretion by fibroblasts on titanium surfaces with different acid-etching protocols
Authors: de Souza Vilton Zimmermann , Manfro Rafael , Joly Júlio César , Elias Carlos Nelson , Peruzzo Daiane Cristina , Napimoga Marcelo Henrique , Martinez Elizabeth Ferreira 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
From the consolidation of surface treatments of dental implants and knowledge on the cellular mechanisms of osseointegration, studies have highlighted the importance of a connective tissue seal against the implant to prevent contamination from the oral environment and consequent biofilm formation.

Objective
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate whether different titanium surface treatments using acid solutions promoted an increase in collagen secretion, proliferation, and viability of fibroblasts.

Material and methods
Commercially pure grade-4 titanium disks (6 × 2 mm) were treated with different acid solutions (hydrochloric, nitric, and sulfuric) for 20 and 60 min, respectively, obtaining mean surface roughness of 0.1 to 0.15 μm and 0.5 to 0.7 μm. Human fibroblasts were seeded onto different surfaces and assessed after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h for cell proliferation and viability using Trypan blue staining and MTT, respectively, as well as the secretion of type I collagen on to such surfaces using ELISA. Machined titanium surfaces were used as controls. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Fisher's LSD test for multiple comparisons, adopting a significance level of 5%.

Results
No significant difference was observed in cell proliferation for the different surfaces analyzed. Cell viability was significantly lower on the machined surface, after 48 h, when compared to the groups treated with acid for 20 or 60 min, which did not differ from each other. The expression of type I collagen was lowest on the acid-treated surfaces.

Conclusion
The results showed that the acid treatment proposed did not promote fibroblast proliferation and viability nor favor type I collagen synthesis.
The Training and Development of Elite Sprint Performance: an Integration of Scientific and Best Practice Literature
Authors: Haugen Thomas , Seiler Stephen , Sandbakk Øyvind , Tønnessen Espen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite a voluminous body of research devoted to sprint training, our understanding of the training process leading to a world-class sprint performance is limited. The objective of this review is to integrate scientific and best practice literature regarding the training and development of elite sprint performance. Sprint performance is heavily dependent upon genetic traits, and the annual within-athlete performance differences are lower than the typical variation, the smallest worthwhile change, and the influence of external conditions such as wind, monitoring methodologies, etc. Still, key underlying determinants (e.g., power, technique, and sprint-specific endurance) are trainable. In this review, we describe how well-known training principles (progression, specificity, variation/periodization, and individualization) and varying training methods (e.g., sprinting/running, technical training, strength/power, plyometric training) are used in a sprint training context. Indeed, there is a considerable gap between science and best practice in how training principles and methods are applied. While the vast majority of sprint-related studies are performed on young team sport athletes and focus on brief sprints with maximal intensity and short recoveries, elite sprinters perform sprinting/running over a broad range of distances and with varying intensity and recovery periods. Within best practice, there is a stronger link between choice of training component (i.e., modality, duration, intensity, recovery, session rate) and the intended purpose of the training session compared with the “one-size-fits-all” approach in scientific literature. This review provides a point of departure for scientists and practitioners regarding the training and development of elite sprint performance and can serve as a position statement for outlining state-of-the-art sprint training recommendations and for generation of new hypotheses to be tested in future research.
Development of the duodenal, ileal, jejunal and caecal microbiota in chickens
Authors: Glendinning Laura , Watson Kellie A. , Watson Mick 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
The chicken intestinal microbiota plays a large role in chicken health and productivity and a greater understanding of its development may lead to interventions to improve chicken nutrition, disease resistance and welfare.

Results
In this study we examine the duodenal, jejunal, ileal and caecal microbiota of chickens from day of hatch to 5 weeks of age (day 1, 3, 7, 14 and week 5). DNA was extracted from intestinal content samples and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. We identified significant differences in microbial community composition, diversity and richness between samples taken from different locations within the chicken intestinal tract. We also characterised the development of the microbiota at each intestinal site over time.

Conclusions
Our study builds upon existing literature to further characterise the development of the chicken intestinal microbiota.
Molecular Evolution of IDH Wild-Type Glioblastomas Treated With Standard of Care Affects Survival and Design of Precision Medicine Trials: A Report From the EORTC 1542 Study
Authors: Draaisma Kaspar , Chatzipli Aikaterini , Taphoorn Martin , Kerkhof Melissa , Weyerbrock Astrid , Sanson Marc , Hoeben Ann , Lukacova Slávka , Lombardi Giuseppe , Leenstra Sieger , Hanse Monique , Fleischeuer Ruth , Watts Colin , McAbee Joseph , Angelopoulos Nicos , Gorlia Thierry , Golfinopoulos Vassilis , Kros Johan M. , Verhaak Roel G.W. , Bours Vincent , van den Bent Martin J. , McDermott Ultan , Robe Pierre A. , French Pim J. 
Published: November 2019

PURPOSE Precision medicine trials in glioblastoma (GBM) are often conducted at tumor recurrence. However, second surgeries for recurrent GBM are not routinely performed, and therefore, molecular data for trial inclusion are predominantly derived from the primary sample. This study aims to establish whether molecular targets change during tumor progression and, if so, whether this affects precision medicine trial design. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected 186 pairs of primary-recurrent GBM samples from patients receiving chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide and sequenced approximately 300 cancer genes. MGMT, TERT, and EGFRvIII status was individually determined. RESULTS The molecular profile of our cohort was identical to that of other GBM cohorts ( IDH wild-type [WT], 95%; EGFR amplified, approximately 50%), indicating that patients amenable to second surgery do not represent a specific molecular subtype. Molecular events in IDH WT GBMs were stable in approximately 80% of events, but changes in mutation status were observed for all examined genes (range, approximately 90% and 60% for TERT and EGFR mutations, respectively), and such changes strongly affected targeted trial size and design. A similar pattern of GBM driver instability was observed within MGMT promoter–methylated tumors. MGMT promoter methylation status remained prognostic at tumor recurrence. The observation that hypermutation at GBM recurrence was rare (8%) and not correlated with outcome was relevant for immunotherapy-based treatments. CONCLUSION This large cohort of matched primary and recurrent IDH WT tumors establishes the frequency of GBM driver instability after chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide. This allows per gene or pathway calculation of trial size at tumor recurrence, using molecular data of the primary tumor only. We also identify genes for which repeat surgery is necessary because of low mutation retention rate.
Ghrelin Receptor Signaling Is Not Required for Glucocorticoid-Induced Obesity in Male Mice
Authors: Hay Rebecca E , Edwards Alex , Klein Marianne , Hyland Lindsay , MacDonald David , Karatsoreos Ilia , Hill Matthew N , Abizaid Alfonso 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Chronically elevated levels of glucocorticoids increase food intake, weight gain, and adiposity. Similarly, ghrelin, a gut-secreted hormone, is also associated with weight gain, adiposity, and increased feeding. Here we sought to determine if corticosterone-induced metabolic and behavioral changes require functional ghrelin receptors (GHSR). To do this, we treated male C57BL mice with chronic corticosterone (CORT) mixed in their drinking water for 28 days. Half of these mice received the GHSR antagonist JMV2959 via osmotic minipumps while treated with CORT. In a second experiment, we gave the same CORT protocol to mice with a targeted mutation to the GHSR or their wild-type littermates. As expected, CORT treatment increased food intake, weight gain, and adiposity, but contrary to expectations, mice treated with a GHSR receptor antagonist or GHSR knockout (KO) mice did not show attenuated food intake, weight gain, or adiposity in response to CORT. Similarly, the effects of CORT on the liver were the same or more pronounced in GHSR antagonist-treated and GHSR KO mice. Treatment with JMV2959 did attenuate the effects of chronic CORT on glycemic regulation as determined by the glucose tolerance test. Finally, disruption of GHSR signaling resulted in behavioral responses associated with social withdrawal, potentially due to neuroprotective effects of GHSR activation. In all, we propose that blocking GHSR signaling helps to moderate glucose concentrations when CORT levels are high, but blocking GHSR signaling does not prevent increased food intake, weight gain, or increased adiposity produced by chronic CORT.
A comparison of the bone and growth phenotype of mdx, mdx:Cmah−/− and mdx:Utrn
+/− murine models with the C57BL/10 wild-type mouse
Authors: Wood Claire L. , Suchacki Karla J. , van ’t Hof Rob , Cawthorn Will P. , Dillon Scott , Straub Volker , Wong Sze Choong , Ahmed Syed F. , Farquharson Colin 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The muscular dystrophy X-linked (mdx) mouse is commonly used as a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Its phenotype is, however, mild, and other mouse models have been explored. The mdx:Cmah−/− mouse carries a human-like mutation in the Cmah gene and has a severe muscle phenotype, but its growth and bone development are unknown. In this study, we compared male mdx, mdx:Utrn+/−, mdx:Cmah−/− and wild-type (WT) mice at 3, 5 and 7 weeks of age to determine the suitability of the mdx:Cmah−/− mouse as a model for assessing growth and skeletal development in DMD. The mdx:Cmah−/− mice were lighter than WT mice at 3 weeks, but heavier at 7 weeks, and showed an increased growth rate at 5 weeks. Cortical bone fraction as assessed by micro-computed tomography was greater in both mdx and mdx:Cmah−/− mice versus WT mice at 7 weeks. Tissue mineral density was also higher in mdx:Cmah−/− mice at 3 and 7 weeks. Gene profiling of mdx:Cmah−/− bone identified increased expression of Igf1, Igf1r and Vegfa. Both the mdx and mdx:Cmah−/− mice showed an increased proportion of regulated bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) but a reduction in constitutive BMAT. The mdx:Cmah−/− mice show evidence of catch-up growth and more rapid bone development. This pattern does not mimic the typical DMD growth trajectory and therefore the utility of the mdx:Cmah−/− mouse for studying growth and skeletal development in DMD is limited. Further studies of this model may, however, shed light on the phenomenon of catch-up growth.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The liquid nucleome – phase transitions in the nucleus at a glance
Authors: Strom Amy R. , Brangwynne Clifford P. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Cells organize membrane-less internal compartments through a process called liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) to create chemically distinct compartments, referred to as condensates, which emerge from interactions among biological macromolecules. These condensates include various cytoplasmic structures such as P-granules and stress granules. However, an even wider array of condensates subcompartmentalize the cell nucleus, forming liquid-like structures that range from nucleoli and Cajal bodies to nuclear speckles and gems. Phase separation provides a biophysical assembly mechanism underlying this non-covalent form of fluid compartmentalization and functionalization. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we term these phase-separated liquids that organize the nucleus the liquid nucleome; we discuss examples of biological phase transitions in the nucleus, how the cell utilizes biophysical aspects of phase separation to form and regulate condensates, and suggest interpretations for the role of phase separation in nuclear organization and function.
Extremity CT and ultrasound in the assessment of ankle injuries: occult fractures and ligament injuries
Authors: Allen Georgina M , Wilson David J , Bullock Stuart A. , Watson Marion 
Published: November 2019

Objective:
To assess the rates of fractures and ligament injuries in patients with an acute ankle injury and a normal radiographic examination, and to consider the most appropriate examination protocol.

Methods:
Patients with an acute ankle injury who presented to the John Radcliffe Hospital Emergency Department with a normal radiographic examination were eligible for the study. They were invited to receive a cone beam CT and ultrasound examination at a local radiology department within 5 days of their ankle injury.

Results:
Of the 100 patients recruited to the study, 19 patients were found to have major fractures and 42 patients had small avulsion fractures. Additionally, 42 patients had ankle effusions and there were a large number of soft tissue injuries. There were 83 acute injuries of the anterior talofibular ligament, 19 of the anterior tibiofibular ligaments, 26 of the calcaneofibular ligament, 39 of the deltoid ligament complex, 21 of the talonavicular ligament, 14 of the spring ligament and 3 of the calcaneocuboid ligament.

Conclusion:
Conventional radiographic examination misses significant fractures of the foot and ankle and the presence of an ankle effusion does not relate to the severity of injury. Ultrasound is a useful imaging technique that can supplement clinical practice, but it is unlikely to replace current protocols alone. Cone beam CT is an appropriate alternative to plain radiography, being more sensitive in detecting fractures and delivering a similar dose of radiation. However, neither CT or ultrasound examination can detect all avulsion fractures. Simple anterior process fractures of the calcaneus are associated with talonavicular ligament injuries and the medial ligaments are injured in almost 50% of cases when there is a lateral ligament injury.

Advances in knowledge:
Fractures in the foot and ankle are detected more precisely with cone beam CT compared to radiographs. Cone beam CT delivers similar doses of to conventional radiographs which is around 10% of that resulting from conventional CT. Ultrasound examination is an effective assessment tool to detect ligamentous injuries. The absence of an ankle effusion does not exclude a major fracture.
Monteggia lesion and its equivalents in children
Authors: Čepelík M. , Pešl T. , Hendrych J. , Havránek P. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose The aim of the study is to evaluate our group of paediatric patients with Monteggia lesion and its equivalents and to compare the characteristics of basic types of these lesions concerning therapeutic approach and results of the treatment. Methods Retrospective study of 111 children treated in the Department of Pediatric and Trauma Surgery of the Thomayer Hospital in Prague between 2001 and 2013 (13 years). When evaluating the outcome of the therapy, Bruce's criteria modified by Letts that assesses range of movement, pain and deformity of the elbow joint were applied. Regarding the therapeutic approach, four groups were compared: nonoperative treatment, reduction and casting, closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) and opened reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Results were compared between three groups of patients (Monteggia lesions, displaced equivalents and non-displaced equivalents) using Fisher's exact test with α set to 0.05. Results In all, 46 patients were treated for (true) Monteggia lesion, 27 for non-displaced Monteggia equivalent and 38 for displaced equivalent. There is a statistically significant difference in therapeutic approach between all three groups of patients. There is no significant difference in outcome between Monteggia lesions and both types of Monteggia equivalents, but there is a statistically significant difference between displaced and non-displaced equivalents. Conclusion There are only two lesions that meet the criteria of Monteggia – (true) Monteggia lesion and displaced Monteggia equivalent. The non-displaced equivalent does not meet the criteria of Monteggia and, therefore, should not be termed a Monteggia equivalent. Level of Evidence Level III – Retrospective comparative study
Associations Between Perceived Susceptibility to Pregnancy and Contraceptive Use in a National Sample of Women Veterans
Authors: Britton Laura E. , Judge‐Golden Colleen P. , Wolgemuth Tierney E. , Zhao Xinhua , Mor Maria K. , Callegari Lisa S. , Borrero Sonya 
Published: November 2019

CONTEXTWomen may be at risk for unintended pregnancy if they forgo contraception or use ineffective methods because they erroneously believe they are unlikely to conceive. However, the relationship between perceived susceptibility to pregnancy and contraceptive use is not fully understood.METHODSData collected in 2014–2016 for the Examining Contraceptive Use and Unmet Needs study were used to examine perceived susceptibility to pregnancy among 969 women veterans aged 20–45 who were at risk for unintended pregnancy and received primary care through the U.S. Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify associations between perceived susceptibility to pregnancy (perceived likelihood during one year of unprotected intercourse) and use of any contraceptive at last sex. Multinomial regression models were used to examine method effectiveness among women who used a contraceptive at last sex.RESULTSForty percent of women perceived their susceptibility to pregnancy to be low. Compared with women with high perceived susceptibility to pregnancy, those with low perceived susceptibility were less likely to have used any contraceptive at last sex (86% vs. 96%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.2). Among contraceptive users, women with low perceived susceptibility were less likely than those with high perceived susceptibility to have used a highly effective method (26% vs. 34%; adjusted relative risk ratio, 0.6) or moderately effective method (34% vs. 39%; 0.6) at last sex.CONCLUSIONSIdentifying and addressing fertility misperceptions among women with low perceived susceptibility to pregnancy could help promote informed decision making about contraception and reduce the risk of unintended pregnancy.
Az ezredforduló pszichológiája
Authors: Pléh Csaba 
Published: November 2019

Az összefoglaló tanulmány azt elemzi, hogyan változott meg az utóbbi néhány évtizedben a pszichológiai kutatás mondanivalója és működésmódja. A pszichológia három magyarázati modellje, a neurális, az evolúciós és a társas modell új módon kapcsolódnak egymáshoz. Megjelenik a kidolgozott evolúciós pszichológia, mely a társas életet és a társas magyarázatot is igyekszik bekebelezni. Az evolúciós fejlődés felfogások pedig egyszerre helyezik el a mentális életet egy neuroszociális és egy kultúrára is kiterjesztett evolúciós modellben. Mindezt az innátista fejlődésfelfogások finomodása révén olyan pszichogenetika érvelések kísérik, melyek az univerzális és az egyéni különbségekkel foglalkozó gentika hagyományt egyesítik.
A mostani és a következő számban megjelenő tanulmány az Akadémiai Kiadónál előkészületben lévő pszichológiai kézikönyv bevezető fejezetének készül, a szakirodalom a következő számban olvasható. Köszönöm Forgács Bálint (ELTE) kommentárjait, valamint Géczi János főszerkesztő biztatását a megjelentetésre cikk formában.
Um modo de significar a formação docente pelo olhar do professor-formador
Authors: Martinez Adriana Ofretorio de Oliveira Martin 
Published: November 2019

As qualidades descritivas e reflexivas da escrita narrativa permitem, ao sujeito que a escreve, adentrar nas dimensões históricas e sociais de sua trajetória profissional e nas interrelações que o formam. Esse tipo de escrita torna-se um modo possível de se questionar os sentidos das práticas profissionais e transgredir possíveis ações que não se modificam. Partindo desse contexto, o presente trabalho propõe tecer um diálogo sobre os sentidos e significados que perpassam as dinâmicas de formação continuada de professores, mas pelo olhar de quem as planejou – sujeito que denominamos como professor-formador. Para tanto, com o aporte teórico da psicologia Histórico-Cultural e metodológico do paradigma indiciário, analisaremos as narrativas reflexivas escritas de uma professora-formadora, elaboradas a partir de suas experiências como responsável por cursos de formação continuada sobre a prática pedagógica para professores e educadores de uma rede pública de ensino paulista. A narrativa escrita das experiências da professora-formadora se tornou um modo de elaborar novos planos de ação formativas diante daquilo que ela observou ser importante para os professores e educadores aprenderem sobre o planejamento pedagógico nos cursos. Assim, o conceito de formação, como algo dinâmico e a ser construído no percurso, tornou-se motivo de reflexão.