bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ginkgolic acid inhibits fusion of enveloped viruses
Authors: Borenstein Ronen , Hanson Barbara A. , Markosyan Ruben M. , Gallo Elisa S. , Narasipura Srinivas D. , Bhutta Maimoona , Shechter Oren , Lurain Nell S. , Cohen Fredric S. , Al-Harthi Lena , Nicholson Daniel A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGinkgolic acids (GA) are alkylphenol constituents of the leaves and fruits of Ginkgo biloba. GA has shown pleiotropic effects in vitro, including: antitumor effects through inhibition of lipogenesis; decreased expression of invasion associated proteins through AMPK activation; and potential rescue of amyloid-β (Aβ) induced synaptic impairment. GA was also reported to have activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Several mechanisms for this activity have been suggested including: SUMOylation inhibition; blocking formation of the E1-SUMO intermediate; inhibition of fatty acid synthase; non-specific SIRT inhibition; and activation of protein phosphatase type-2C. Here we report that GA inhibits Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by inhibition of both fusion and viral protein synthesis. Additionally, we report that GA inhibits human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome replication and Zika virus (ZIKV) infection of normal human astrocytes (NHA). We show a broad spectrum of fusion inhibition by GA of all three classes of fusion proteins including HIV, Ebola virus (EBOV), influenza A virus (IAV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV). In addition, we show inhibition of a non-enveloped adenovirus. Our experiments suggest that GA inhibits virion entry by blocking the initial fusion event. Data showing inhibition of HSV-1 and CMV replication, when GA is administered post-infection, suggest a possible secondary mechanism targeting protein and DNA synthesis. Thus, in light of the strong effect of GA on viral infection, even after the infection begins, it may potentially be used to treat acute infections (e.g. Coronavirus, EBOV, ZIKV, IAV and measles), and also topically for the successful treatment of active lesions (e.g. HSV-1, HSV-2 and varicella-zoster virus (VZV)).
Responses of corals to chronic turbidity
Authors: Jones Ross , Giofre Natalie , Luter Heidi M. , Neoh Tze Loon , Fisher Rebecca , Duckworth Alan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDredging increases suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs), causing elevated water turbidity (cloudiness) and light attenuation. Close to dredging, low light periods can extend over many days, affecting phototrophic epibenthic organisms like corals. To improve the ability to predict and manage dredging impacts, we tested the response of corals to an extended period of elevated turbidity using an automated sediment dosing system that precisely controlled SSCs and adjusted light availability accordingly. Replicates of four common species of corals encompassing different morphologies were exposed to turbidity treatments of 0–100 mg L−1 SSC, corresponding to daily light integrals of 12.6 to 0 mol quanta m−2 d−1, over a period of ∼7 weeks. Symbiotic dinoflagellate density and algal pigment concentration, photosynthetic yields, lipid concentrations and ratios and growth varied among the turbidity treatments, with corals exhibiting photoacclimation within low turbidity treatments. A range of physiological responses were observed within the high turbidity treatments (low light), including bleaching and changes in lipid levels and ratios. Most corals, except P. damicornis, were capable of adjusting to a turbidity treatment involving a mean light level of 2.3 mol photons m−2 d−1 in conjunction with a SSC of 10 mg L−1 over the 7 week period.
Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of cellular response to a woven and electrospun polydioxanone (PDO) and polycaprolactone (PCL) patch for tendon repair
Authors: Rashid Mustafa , Dudhia Jayesh , Dakin Stephanie G. , Snelling Sarah J. B. , De Godoy Roberta , Mouthuy Pierre-Alexis , Smith Roger K. W. , Morrey Mark , Carr Andrew J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe investigated endogenous tissue response to a woven and electrospun polydioxanone (PDO) and polycaprolactone (PCL) patch intended for tendon repair. A sheep tendon injury model characterised by a natural history of consistent failure of healing was chosen to assess the biological potential of woven and aligned electrospun fibres to induce a reparative response. Patches were implanted into 8 female adult English Mule sheep. Significant infiltration of tendon fibroblasts was observed within the electrospun component of the patch but not within the woven component. The cellular infiltrate into the electrospun fibres was accompanied by an extensive network of new blood vessel formation. Tendon fibroblasts were the most abundant scaffold-populating cell type. CD45+, CD4+ and CD14+ cells were also present, with few foreign body giant cells. There were no local or systemic signs of excessive inflammation with normal hematology and serology for inflammatory markers three months after scaffold implantation. In conclusion, we demonstrate that an endogenous healing response can be safely induced in tendon by means of biophysical cues using a woven and electrospun patch.
The Transcription Factor-microRNA Regulatory Network during hESC-chondrogenesis
Authors: Griffiths Rosie , Woods Steven , Cheng Aixin , Wang Ping , Griffiths-Jones Sam , Ronshaugen Matthew , Kimber Susan J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHuman embryonic stem cells (ESCs) offer a promising therapeutic approach for osteoarthritis (OA). The unlimited source of cells capable of differentiating to chondrocytes has potential for repairing damaged cartilage or to generate disease models via gene editing. However their use is limited by the efficiency of chondrogenic differentiation. An improved understanding of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of chondrogenesis will enable us to improve hESC chondrogenic differentiation protocols. Small RNA-seq and whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on distinct stages of hESC-directed chondrogenesis. This revealed significant changes in the expression of several microRNAs including upregulation of known cartilage associated microRNAs and those transcribed from the Hox complexes, and the downregulation of pluripotency associated microRNAs. Integration of miRomes and transcriptomes generated during hESC-directed chondrogenesis identified key functionally related clusters of co-expressed microRNAs and protein coding genes, associated with pluripotency, primitive streak, limb development and extracellular matrix. Analysis identified regulators of hESC-directed chondrogenesis such as miR-29c-3p with 10 of its established targets identified as co-regulated ‘ECM organisation’ genes and miR-22-3p which is highly co-expressed with ECM genes and may regulate these genes indirectly by targeting the chondrogenic regulators SP1 and HDAC4. We identified several upregulated transcription factors including HOXA9/A10/D13 involved in limb patterning and RELA, JUN and NFAT5, which have targets enriched with ECM associated genes. We have developed an unbiased approach for integrating transcriptome and miRome using protein-protein interactions, transcription factor regulation and miRNA target interactions and identified key regulatory networks prominent in hESC chondrogenesis.
Repeatability and Reproducibility of Pancreas Volume Measurements Using MRI
Authors: Williams Jonathan M. , Hilmes Melissa A. , Archer Branch , Dulaney Aidan , Du Liping , Kang Hakmook , Russell William E. , Powers Alvin C. , Moore Daniel J. , Virostko John 
Published: March 2020

AbstractReduced pancreas volume, as measured by non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is observed in individuals with newly-diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D) and declines over the first year after diagnosis. In this study, we determined the repeatability and inter-reader reproducibility of pancreas volume measurements by MRI. Test-retest scans in individuals with or without T1D (n = 16) had an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.985 (95% CI 0.961 to 0.995) for pancreas volume. Independent pancreas outlines by two board-certified radiologists (n = 30) yielded an ICC of 0.945 (95% CI 0.889 to 0.973). The mean Dice coefficient, a measurement of the degree of overlap between pancreas regions of interest between the two readers, was 0.77. Prandial state did not influence pancreatic measurements, as stomach volume did not correlate with pancreas volume. These data demonstrate that MRI measurements of pancreas volume between two readers are repeatable and reproducible with ICCs that correspond to excellent clinical significance (ICC > 0.9), are not related to changes in stomach volume, and could be a useful tool for clinical investigation of diabetes and other pancreas pathologies.
Glacier algae foster ice-albedo feedback in the European Alps
Authors: Di Mauro B. , Garzonio R. , Baccolo G. , Franzetti A. , Pittino F. , Leoni B. , Remias D. , Colombo R. , Rossini M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe melting of glaciers and ice sheets is nowadays considered a symbol of climate change. Many complex mechanisms are involved in the melting of ice, and, among these processes, surface darkening due to organic material on bare ice has recently received attention from the scientific community. The presence of microbes on glaciers has been shown to decrease the albedo of ice and promote melting. Despite several studies from the Himalaya, Greenland, Andes, and Alaska, no quantitative studies have yet been conducted in the European Alps. In this paper, we made use of DNA sequencing, microscopy and field spectroscopy to describe the nature of glacier algae found at a glacier (Vadret da Morteratsch) of the European Alps and to evaluate their effect on the ice-albedo feedback. Among different algal species identified in the samples, we found a remarkable abundance of Ancylonema nordenskioeldii, a species that has never previously been quantitatively documented in the Alps and that dominates algal blooms on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Our results show that, at the end of the ablation season, the concentration of Ancylonema nordenskioeldii on the glacier surface is higher than that of other algal species (i.e. Mesotaenium berggrenii). Using field spectroscopy data, we identified a significant correlation between a reflectance ratio (750 nm/650 nm) and the algae concentration. This reflectance ratio could be useful for future mapping of glacier algae from remote sensing data exploiting band 6 (740 nm) and band 4 (665 nm) of the MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) on board Sentinel-2 satellite. Here we show that the biological darkening of glaciers (i.e. the bioalbedo feedback) is also occurring in the European Alps, and thus it is a global process that must be taken into account when considering the positive feedback mechanisms related to glacier melting.
A magnetic sensor using a 2D van der Waals ferromagnetic material
Authors: Jimenez Valery Ortiz , Kalappattil Vijaysankar , Eggers Tatiana , Bonilla Manuel , Kolekar Sadhu , Huy Pham Thanh , Batzill Matthias , Phan Manh-Huong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) van der Waals ferromagnetic materials are emerging as promising candidates for applications in ultra-compact spintronic nanodevices, nanosensors, and information storage. Our recent discovery of the strong room temperature ferromagnetism in single layers of VSe2 grown on graphite or MoS2 substrate has opened new opportunities to explore these ultrathin magnets for such applications. In this paper, we present a new type of magnetic sensor that utilizes the single layer VSe2 film as a highly sensitive magnetic core. The sensor relies in changes in resonance frequency of the LC circuit composed of a soft ferromagnetic microwire coil that contains the ferromagnetic VSe2 film subject to applied DC magnetic fields. We define sensitivity as the slope of the characteristic curve of our sensor, df0/dH, where f0 is the resonance frequency and H is the external magnetic field. The sensitivity of the sensor reaches a large value of 16 × 106 Hz/Oe, making it a potential candidate for a wide range of magnetic sensing applications.
Pollution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of Jazmurian playa in southeast Iran
Authors: Shirani Mahboube , Afzali Keramat Nezhad , Jahan Sayka , Strezov Vladimir , Soleimani-Sardo Mojtaba 
Published: March 2020

AbstractJazmurian playa was an ephemeral lake with a large catchment in southeast Iran, which dried up over the last 10 years as a result of prolonged drought. As the lake was recipient of incoming industrial water with trace metals deposited to the sediment, the dust is the cause of environmental concern of the region and requires evaluation and better management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental and ecological pollution of Jazmurian playa. Hence, 24 collected surface sedimentary samples were analyzed with ICP-OES. The environmental pollution indices including degree of contamination (Cd), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk (PER) were determined. The study revealed moderately to strongly pollution levels of Pb, Ni and Al, while Dy, Pb, Y, Yb, Sm, Te, U, Cu, Mn, Sc represented moderate pollution. The EF values indicated four sites were highly enriched with Dy, Pb and Ni. The PER results showed high risk for four sites and considerable risk for others. Cluster analysis illustrated interconnection between the contaminants and the sites with major pollution at six sites. Obviously, climate change has considerable complex environmental impacts through transformation of local water and sediment pollution problem.
Baleen whale acoustic presence and behaviour at a Mid-Atlantic migratory habitat, the Azores Archipelago
Authors: Romagosa Miriam , Baumgartner Mark , Cascão Irma , Lammers Marc O. , Marques Tiago A. , Santos Ricardo S. , Silva Mónica A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe identification of important areas during the annual life cycle of migratory animals, such as baleen whales, is vital for their conservation. In boreal springtime, fin and blue whales feed in the Azores on their way to northern latitudes while sei whales migrate through the archipelago with only occasional feeding. Little is known about their autumn or winter presence or their acoustic behaviour in temperate migratory habitats. This study used a 5-year acoustic data set collected by autonomous recorders in the Azores that were processed and analysed using an automated call detection and classification system. Fin and blue whales were acoustically present in the archipelago from autumn to spring with marked seasonal differences in the use of different call types. Diel patterns of calling activity were only found for fin whales with more calls during the day than night. Sei whales showed a bimodal distribution of acoustic presence in spring and autumn, corresponding to their expected migration patterns. Diel differences in sei whale calling varied with season and location. This work highlights the importance of the Azores as a migratory and wintering habitat for three species of baleen whales and provides novel information on their acoustic behaviour in a mid-Atlantic region.
Genome-wide impacts of alien chromatin introgression on wheat gene transcriptions
Authors: Dong Zhenjie , Ma Chao , Tian Xiubin , Zhu Changtao , Wang Gang , Lv Yuanfeng , Friebe Bernd , Li Huanhuan , Liu Wenxuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAgronomic characteristics and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in hexaploid wheat can be drastically improved through wheat-alien introgression. However, the transcriptional level interactions of introduced alien genes in the wheat genetic background is rarely investigated. In this study, we report the genome-wide impacts of introgressed chromosomes derived from Ae. longissima on gene transcriptions of the wheat landrace Chinese Spring. RNA-seq analyses demonstrated 5.37% and 4.30% of the genes were significantly differentially expressed (DEGs) in CS-Ae. longissima disomic 3Sl#2(3B) substitution line TA3575 and disomic 6Sl#3 addition line TA7548, respectively when compared to CS. In addition, 561 DEGs, including 413 up-regulated and 148 down-regulated or not transcribed genes, were simultaneously impacted by introgressed chromosomes 3Sl#2 and 6Sl#3, which accounts for 41.25% of the DEGs in TA3575 and 38.79% in TA7548. Seventeen DEGs, annotated as R genes, were shared by both introgression lines carrying chromosomes 3Sl#2 and 6Sl#3, which confer resistance to powdery mildew. This study will benefit the understanding of the wheat gene responses as result of alien gene(s) or chromosome intogression and the plant defense response initiated by powdery mildew resistance genes in chromosomes 3Sl#2 and 6Sl#3.
Enhanced Inflammatory Reaction and Thrombosis
in High-Fat Diet-Fed ApoE-/- Mice are
Attenuated by Celastrol
Authors: Ouyang Mao , Qin Tao , Liu Hengdao , Lu Junya , Peng Caixia , Guo Qin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective High-fat diet (HFD) increases the
risk of inflammatory reaction and acute arterial
thrombosis. Celastrol has been confirmed to
regulate inflammatory cytokine levels in
atherosclerotic animal models. However, the
anti-thrombotic effects of celastrol have remained
to be fully demonstrated. The present study was
performed to investigate the beneficial effect of
celastrol in HFD-induced inflammatory reaction and
thrombosis in apolipoprotein (apo)E-/-
mice.
Materials and Methods Thrombogenic mice
model was established using HFD-fed
apoE-/- mice. The levels of mRNA and
protein were assayed by RT-qPCR and western
blotting, respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
staining was performed to measure the protein
expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and
matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the aortic
endothelium of HFD-fed apoE-/-
mice.
Results The results demonstrated that the
effect of HFD on inflammatory cytokines in mice
with apoE-/- background was reversed by
celastrol administration, and celastrol treatment
inhibited the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin
domain containing 3
(NLRP3)/caspase-1/interleukin-1β signaling
cascades in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
from HFD-fed apoE-/- mice. In addition,
HFD enhanced adenosine diphosphate-induced
platelet aggregation in normal C57BL/6 and
apoE-/- mice, while celastrol
administration reversed this. Furthermore,
celastrol inhibited the pro-thrombotic effects of
HFD in apoE-/- mice, and the underlying
mechanism was mediated, at least partially,
through the suppression of matrix
metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expression.
Conclusions Celastrol administration
significantly attenuated HFD-induced inflammatory
reaction, platelet aggregation and thrombosis in
apoE-/- mice, and celastrol may be used
as a drug for the prevention of HFD-induced
inflammatory reaction and thrombus.
Glucose Tolerance in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis – Results
from the German Cystic Fibrosis Registry
Authors: Prinz Nicole , Wosniok Julia , Staab Doris , Ballmann Manfred , Dopfer Christian , Regenfuß Nicole , Rosenecker Josef , Schramm Dirk , W. Reinhard Holl , Nährlich Lutz 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Oral glucose tolerance (OGT) deteriorates progressively in
cystic fibrosis (CF). Clinical registries provide a unique basis to study
real-world data.
Patients & methods OGT tests (OGTTs) documented in the German
CF-registry in 2016 were classified according WHO, modified by ADA: normal
glucose tolerance (NGT), indeterminate glycaemia (INDET), impaired fasting
glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), IFG+IGT, diabetes
mellitus (DM). To study the association with lung function, multivariable
regression adjusted for age, sex, and CFTR mutation was performed.
Results Overall, OGTT screening was done in 35% of CF patients
≧10 years. Of the 996 patients (46.4% females; median age (IQR):
19 (14–27) years) with evaluable OGTTs, 56.2% had either NGT or
INDET, whereas 34% had a pre-diabetic OGTT (IFG; IGT; IFG+IGT)
and 9.8% a diabetic OGTT. 7 patients had glucose tolerance abnormalities
<10 years. DM was more common in females or patients with F508del
homozygote mutation, whereas IFG was more frequent in males (all
p<0.05). Nearly 75% of patients after transplantation and about
half with enteral/parental nutrition and/or steroid use had
either a pre-diabetic or diabetic glucose tolerance. In the adjusted model, age
(p<0.001) and OGTT category (p=0.013) had both a significant
impact on %FEV1.
Conclusion Our data of the German CF-registry highlights incidence of
glucose tolerance abnormalities in second decade of life in CF patients.
However, it also underlines the need for improvement of the documentation
and/or performance of OGTT screening in real-world CF care.
Headache Perception in an Epilepsy Patient with Neuromodulation by Anterior Thalamic Nuclei Deep Brain Stimulation: A Case Report
Authors: Pintea Bogdan , Surges Rainer , Boström Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective Headache disorders are frequently associated with epilepsy. Some neuromodulation techniques for refractory epilepsy have been reported to positively influence the associated chronic headache. However, the exact mechanism of action of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and anterior thalamic nuclei-deep brain stimulation (ANT-DBS) on pain perception is unclear.
Method We report a structured assessment of pain perception in a patient who experienced headache relief after ANT-DBS for refractory focal epilepsy and compare it with pain perception of epilepsy patients with chronic headache who were treated with and without VNS.
Results The pain-associated symptoms in the ANT-DBS case were on the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS-40) subscore “physiological anxiety” closer to the control collective, whereas in patients with VNS, this was more likely for the PASS-40 subscores “cognitive anxiety” or “escape and avoidance.”
Conclusion ANT-DBS and VNS may influence epilepsy-associated chronic headache in different ways.
Syntactic and semantic constraints on pronoun and anaphor resolution in Persian
Authors: Abdollahnejad Elias , Storoshenko Dennis Ryan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter investigates the mechanism of reference resolution for the colloquial pronoun un “(s)he” and the anaphor xod-eš “self-3sg” in Persian. The present analysis serves as another piece of evidence in support of the ‘multiple constraints’ framework for reference resolution advanced in Kaiser (2003) and Kaiser et al. (2009), while also contributing to the relatively scant analyses of Persian reference resolution. In identifying the differences in sensitivity to constraints, though, we argue that xod-eš and un are fundamentally different in their binding behaviour. Regarding the semantic constraints, we observed that un is more sensitive to a perceiver bias than xod-eš. We further reinforce the bound nature of xod-eš with the observation that it requires a c-commanding antecedent. This, along with the observed tolerance for (syntactic) binding both within and beyond the local clause, motivates its comparison with the Korean caki and Chinese ziji “self”, both of which share these properties.