bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 outbreak and sectoral performance of the Australian stock market: An event study analysis
Authors: Alam Md. Mahmudul , Wei Haitian , Wahid Abu N. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe outbreak of COVID‐19 has weakened the economy of Australia and its capital market since early 2020. The overall stock market has declined. However, some sectors become highly vulnerable while others continue to perform well even in the crisis period. Given this new reality, we seek to investigate the initial volatility and the sectoral return. In this study, we analyse data for eight sectors such as, transportation, pharmaceuticals, healthcare, energy, food, real estate, telecommunications and technology of the Australian stock market. In doing so, we obtain data from Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) and analysed them based on ‘Event Study’ method. Here, we use the 10‐days window for the event of official announcement of the COVID‐19 outbreak in Australia on 27 February 2020. The findings of the study show that on the day of announcement, the indices for food, pharmaceuticals and healthcare exhibit impressive positive returns. Following the announcement, the telecommunications, pharmaceuticals and healthcare sectors exhibit good performance, while poor performance is demonstrated by the transportation industry. The findings are vital for investors, market participants, companies, private and public policymakers and governments to develop recovery action plans for vulnerable sectors and enable investors to regain their confidence to make better investment decisions.
Value of thyroglobulin post hemithyroidectomy for cancer: a literature review
Authors: Tourani Saam S. , Fleming Bill , Gundara Justin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing number of patients with low and moderate risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) are now managed with lobectomy alone. The value of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) in the follow up of these patients remains poorly defined.MethodsA review of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed to assess the utility of Tg in the follow up of patients undergoing thyroid lobectomy for DTC.ResultsA total of five retrospective reviews were identified including 1136 patients undergoing hemithyroidectomy with or without prophylactic central neck dissection. The overall locoregional recurrence rate was 3.7%. Changes in serum Tg following hemithyroidectomy for cancer were found to be clinically useful in one study only. The proposed cut‐off value of 30 ng/mL following hemithyroidectomy as a predictor of recurrent disease was not validated by any study.ConclusionSerum Tg values are not useful in the follow up of DTC patients managed with lobectomy alone. Good quality neck ultrasound appears to be an effective modality in the detection of locoregional recurrence in these patients while research efforts continue to identify and validate novel biomarkers.
L‐lactate induces neurogenesis in the mouse ventricular‐subventricular zone via the lactate receptor HCA1
Authors: Lambertus Marvin , Øverberg Linda Thøring , Andersson Krister A. , Hjelden Malin S. , Hadzic Alena , Haugen Øyvind P. , Storm‐Mathisen Jon , Bergersen Linda Hildegard , Geiseler Samuel , Morland Cecilie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimAdult neurogenesis occurs in two major niches in the brain: the subgranular zone of the hippocampal formation and the ventricular‐subventricular zone. Neurogenesis in both niches is reduced in ageing and neurological disease involving dementia. Exercise can rescue memory by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis, but whether exercise affects adult neurogenesis in the ventricular‐subventricular zone remains unresolved. Previously, we reported that exercise induces angiogenesis through activation of the lactate receptor HCA1. The aim of the present study is to investigate HCA1‐dependent effects on neurogenesis in the two main neurogenic niches.MethodsWild‐type and HCA1 knock‐out mice received high intensity interval exercise, subcutaneous injections of L‐lactate, or saline injections, five days per week for seven weeks. Well‐established markers for proliferating cells (Ki‐67) and immature neurons (doublecortin), were used to investigate neurogenesis in the subgranular zone and the ventricular‐subventricular zone.ResultsWe demonstrated that neurogenesis in the ventricular‐subventricular zone is enhanced by HCA1 activation: Treatment with exercise or lactate resulted in increased neurogenesis in wild‐type, but not in HCA1 knock‐out mice. In the subgranular zone, neurogenesis was induced by exercise in both genotypes, but unaffected by lactate treatment.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that neurogenesis in the two main neurogenic niches in the brain is regulated differently: Neurogenesis in both niches was induced by exercise, but only in the ventricular‐subventricular zone was neurogenesis induced by lactate through HCA1 activation. This opens for a role of HCA1 in the physiological control of neurogenesis, and potentially in counteracting age‐related cognitive decline.
Clinical studies assessing the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of remdesivir in management of COVID‐19: A scoping review
Authors: Pimentel Juan , Laurie Cassandra , Cockcroft Anne , Andersson Neil 
Published: November 2020

AimsRemdesivir is 1 of the repurposed drugs under investigation to treat patients with COVID‐19. Clinicians and decision‐makers need a summary of the most recent evidence. This scoping review maps the evidence on the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of remdesivir for patients with COVID‐19, up to 14 September 2020.MethodsOur scoping review searched Pubmed, Embase (Ovid), Scopus and 17 primary trial registries for empirical publications or active registered clinical trials for data on the efficacy, effectiveness, or safety of remdesivir for COVID‐19 or SARS‐CoV‐2. We conducted a narrative synthesis of the included publications.ResultsSeventeen empirical studies and 23 clinical trial registrations (n = 40) accumulated 46 508 participants. We found 4 published randomized–controlled trials accumulating 2293 patients. Two trials reported shorter median recovery time and better clinical status among patients who received remdesivir compared with the control groups. Observational studies report an association between remdesivir treatment and decreased mortality, as well as increased survival. The most common adverse reaction was hepatic impairment, although the trials reported a similar proportion of adverse events in the intervention and control groups.ConclusionRemdesivir might shorten the time to clinical improvement among hospitalized adults with severe COVID‐19. Trial data report a similar proportion of adverse events in treated and control groups. The results of the 23 registered active trials, including more than 30 000 participants, will shed light on the efficacy and safety of the antiviral. The findings of the remaining clinical trials expected to report results in 2020 will allow a quantitative synthesis of available evidence.
The presence of TIM‐3 positive cells in WHO grade III and IV astrocytic gliomas correlates with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation status
Authors: Sørensen Mia D. , Nielsen Ole , Reifenberger Guido , Kristensen Bjarne W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiffuse gliomas are aggressive brain tumors that respond poorly to immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibition. This resistance may arise from an immunocompromised microenvironment and deficient immune recognition of tumor cells because of low mutational burden. The most prominent genetic alterations in diffuse glioma are mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes that generate the immunosuppressive oncometabolite d‐2‐hydroxyglutarate. Our objective was to explore the association between IDH mutation and presence of cells expressing the immune checkpoint proteins galectin‐9 and/or T cell immunoglobulin and mucin‐domain containing‐3 (TIM‐3). Astrocytic gliomas of World Health Organization (WHO) grades III or IV (36 IDH‐mutant and 36 IDH‐wild‐type) from 72 patients were included in this study. A novel multiplex chromogenic immunohistochemistry panel was applied using antibodies against galectin‐9, TIM‐3, and the oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2). Validation studies were performed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. IDH mutation was associated with decreased levels of TIM‐3+ cells (p < 0.05). No significant association was found between galectin‐9 and IDH status (p = 0.10). Most TIM‐3+ and galectin‐9+ cells resembled microglia/macrophages, and very few TIM‐3+ and/or galectin‐9+ cells co‐expressed OLIG2. The percentage of TIM‐3+ T cells was generally low, however, IDH‐mutant tumors contained significantly fewer TIM‐3+ T cells (p < 0.01) and had a lower interaction rate between TIM‐3+ T cells and galectin‐9+ microglia/macrophages (p < 0.05). TCGA data confirmed lower TIM‐3 mRNA expression in IDH‐mutant compared to IDH‐wild‐type astrocytic gliomas (p = 0.013). Our results show that IDH mutation is associated with diminished levels of TIM‐3+ cells and fewer interactions between TIM‐3+ T cells and galectin‐9+ microglia/macrophages, suggesting reduced activity of the galectin‐9/TIM‐3 immune checkpoint pathway in IDH‐mutant astrocytic gliomas.
Children living with parental substance misuse: A cross‐sectional profile of children and families referred to children's social care
Authors: Roy Jessica 
Published: November 2020

AbstractParental substance misuse is a significant public health and children's rights issue. In the United Kingdom, social workers frequently work with children and families affected by substance misuse. However, relatively little is known about this population, particularly at point of referral to children's social care. This paper reports on the largest known study of parental substance misuse as a feature of children's social care work in England. The paper provides a cross‐sectional profile of 299 children living with parental substance misuse and referred to children's social care in one local authority in England. Data were collected from social work case files at the point of referral to social care about the child, family, the wider environment, and parental substance misuse. The findings show that children affected by parental substance misuse frequently had other support needs relating to their well‐being and mental health. Children were also likely to be experiencing other parental and environmental risk factors. The significant historical—and in some cases intergenerational—social care involvement for some families indicates potential issues with the capacity of services to meet needs. Recommendations for practice are discussed with a particular focus on the need for early, comprehensive support for children and families.
Systematic map of conservation psychology
Authors: Wallen Kenneth E. , Landon Adam C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConservation science and practice commonly draw on the theories and methods of social psychology to explain human cognition, emotion, and behavior germane to biodiversity conservation. We created a systematic map of the cross‐disciplinary conservation science literature, which draws on social psychology concepts and methods in their application broadly described as conservation psychology. Established protocols were used to systematically collect and collate peer‐reviewed research published in an explicit selection of multidisciplinary conservation journals. We sought to catalog the literature, elucidate trends and gaps, and critically reflect on the state of conservation psychology and its research practices that aim to influence conservation outcomes. The volume of publications per year and per decade increased from 1974 to 2016. Although a diversity of research designs and methods was applied, studies disproportionately focused on specific concepts (attitudes and beliefs), locations (North America and Europe), and contexts (terrestrial, rural). Studies also tended to be descriptive, quantitative, and atheoretical in nature. Our findings demonstrate that although conservation psychology has generally become more visible and prominent, it has done so within a limited space and suggest that disciplinary research principles and reporting standards must be more universally adopted by traditional and multidisciplinary conservation journals to raise the floor of empirical research.
Using cognitive mapping to understand conservation planning
Authors: Biedenweg Kelly , Trimbach David , Delie Jackie , Schwarz Bessie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe considered a common research tool for understanding the mental models behind conservation decisions: cognitive mapping. Developed by cognitive psychologists, the elicitation of mental models with cognitive mapping has been used to understand soil management in Spain, invasive grass management in Australia, community forest management in the Bolivian Amazon, and small‐scale fisheries access in Belize, among others. A generalized cognitive mapping process considers specific factors associated with the design, data‐collection, data‐analyses, and interpretation phases of research. We applied this tool in a study about the integration of social data in shoreline master plans of Washington State. Fourteen policy makers and managers (approximately 85% of the region's potential sample) were asked to identify the factors they considered when making their plans. Researchers coded these factors into mental‐model objects and summarized mental‐object frequency and co‐occurrence trends. Although managers prioritized the perceived needs of social groups in their mental model of shoreline master plans, they focused specifically on tribal and private property rights, even though existing social data identified a diversity of interests around timber harvesting, tourism, and agriculture. Understanding their mental models allowed us to more effectively present this social data so that it could fit within their existing thoughts around planning. Although our case study provides a description of the cognition of a particular policy process, cognitive mapping can be used to understand cognitive processes that influence any conservation planning context.
Smart grid data access control scheme based on blockchain
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Li Jingjing , Hu Fangzhou , Huang Yang , Bai Jiayi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe smart grid communication parties need to process the data by the trusted central node, which will lead to security issues such as single‐point attacks and data tampering. This paper proposes a smart grid data access control scheme based on blockchain, the user completes the registration of the smart meter by three encryptions. After the registration is completed, the registration information will be uploaded to the blockchain. In the data access phase, the verification center verifies the user's data access request, the database will accept the user's request for data if the verification is passed, and that will be broadcasted on the entire network and uploaded to the blockchain. The security of the scheme is analyzed by using a random oracle model. Analysis shows that this scheme can resist public key replacement attacks and malicious key generation center (KGC) attacks. Compared with the existing scheme, this scheme can more effectively resist more types of attacks. It shows that the smart grid data access control scheme proposed in this paper is safe, reliable and efficient.
Association of quantitative CT lung density measurements and lung function decline in World Trade Center workers
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Reeves Anthony P. , Antoniak Katherine , San José Estépar Raúl , Doucette John T. , Jeon Yunho , Weber Jonathan , Xu Dongming , Celedón Juan C. , de la Hoz Rafael E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundOccupational exposures at the WTC site after 11 September 2001 have been associated with presumably inflammatory chronic lower airway diseases.AimsIn this study, we describe the trajectories of expiratory air flow decline, identify subgroups with adverse progression, and investigate the association of those trajectories with quantitative computed tomography (QCT) imaging measurement of increased and decreased lung density.MethodsWe examined the trajectories of expiratory air flow decline in a group of 1,321 former WTC workers and volunteers with at least three periodic spirometries, and using QCT‐measured low (LAV%, −950 HU) and high (HAV%, from −600 to −250 HU) attenuation volume percent. We calculated the individual regression line slopes for first‐second forced expiratory volume (FEV1slope), identified subjects with rapidly declining (“accelerated decliners”) and increasing (“improved”), and compared them to subjects with “intermediate” (0 to −66.5 mL/year) FEV1slope. We then used multinomial logistic regression to model those three trajectories, and the two lung attenuation metrics.ResultsThe mean longitudinal FEV1 slopes for the entire study population, and its intermediate, decliner, and improved subgroups were, respectively, −40.4, −34.3, −106.5, and 37.6 mL/year. In unadjusted and adjusted analyses, LAV% and HAV% were both associated with “accelerated decliner” status (ORadj, 95% CI 2.37, 1.41–3.97, and 1.77, 1.08–2.89, respectively), compared to the intermediate decline.ConclusionsLongitudinal FEV1 decline in this cohort, known to be associated with QCT proximal airway inflammation metric, is also associated with QCT indicators of increased and decreased lung density. The improved FEV1 trajectory did not seem to be associated with lung density metrics.
Seasonal environmental variability drives the swimming performance of a resident Iberian fish
Authors: Silva Sara Sofia , Alexandre Carlos Manuel , Quintella Bernardo Ruivo , de Almeida Pedro Raposo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSwimming performance is a determinant characteristic for the survival of fish species and is related to their response to environmental disturbance. In this study, we evaluated how seasonal environmental variability of Mediterranean intermittent rivers influences swimming performance of a resident Iberian fish, the ruivaco, Achondrostoma oligolepis. Approximately forty fish of A. oligolepis were captured in each annual season (i.e. winter, spring, summer and autumn), from a Portuguese intermittent river, and compared in terms of swimming behaviour and capacity (Ucrit test). We found a clear distinction in fish willingness to swim and swimming performance between seasons. Fish were more willing to swim during autumn and winter, as opposed to less energetic behaviour during spring and summer. Higher Ucrit values were observed during autumn (0.42 ± 0.17 m/s) and winter (0.48 ± 0.25 m/s), which in the studied river are typically characterised by high flows, strongly influenced by rainfall patterns. Results from this study contribute to increase the knowledge on movement dynamics of small, typically known as resident, fish species and how this relates to natural and seasonal environmental variability.
Genetic counselling for the prevention of mental health consequences of cannabis use: A randomized controlled trial‐within‐cohort
Authors: Zwicker Alyson , LeBlanc Marissa A. , Pavlova Barbara , Alda Martin , Denovan‐Wright Eileen M. , Uher Rudolf , Austin Jehannine C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCannabis use is a risk factor for severe mental illness. However, cannabis does not affect everyone equally. Genetic information may help identify individuals who are more vulnerable to the harmful effects of cannabis on mental health. A common genetic variant within the AKT1 gene selectively increases risk of psychosis, only among those who use cannabis. Therapeutically oriented genetic counselling may enable us to reduce cannabis exposure among genetically sensitive individuals.MethodsUsing a trial‐within‐cohort design, we aim to test if genetic counselling, including the option to receive AKT1 rs2494732 genotype, reduces cannabis use. To this end, we have designed a genetic counselling intervention: Interdisciplinary approach to Maximize Adolescent potential: Genetic counselling Intervention to reduce Negative Environmental effects (IMAGINE).ResultsIMAGINE will be implemented in a cohort of children and youth enriched for familial risk for major mood and psychotic disorders. Approximately 110 eligible individuals aged 12–21 years will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to be offered a single genetic counselling session with a board‐certified genetic counsellor, or not. Allocated youth will also be invited to attend a follow‐up session approximately 1 month following the intervention. The primary outcome will be cannabis use (measured by self‐report or urine screen) at subsequent annual assessments as part of the larger cohort study. Secondary outcomes include intervention acceptability and psychopathology.ConclusionThis study represents the first translational application of a gene–environment interaction to improve mental health and test an intervention with potential public health benefits. This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03601026).
The effect of dwell on thermomechanical fatigue in superaustenitic steel Sanicro 25
Authors: Petráš Roman , Šulák Ivo , Polák Jaroslav 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSuperaustenitic steel Sanicro 25 has been subjected to out‐of‐phase thermomechanical fatigue cycles with 10‐min dwell at peak temperature in the temperature range from 250°C to 700°C. The effect of the dwells on the cyclic response, internal structure and damage mechanism was studied. Cyclic hardening/softening curves, cyclic stress–strain curves and fatigue life curves were evaluated. The internal structure and nanoparticles representing the obstacles for dislocation motion were analysed and identified by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy in scanning transmission electron microscope. Scanning electron microscopy combined with focused ion beam and electron backscatter diffraction was adopted to reveal the respective mechanisms responsible for fatigue crack nucleation and propagation. Effect of dwells in in‐phase and in out‐of‐phase cycling on the fatigue behaviour, on the modification of internal structure and damage mechanisms, were analysed and discussed.