bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geomorphological and seismostratigraphic evidence for multidirectional polyphase glaciation of the northern Celtic Sea
Authors: Tóth Zsuzsanna , McCarron Stephen , Wheeler Andrew J. , Wenau Stefan , Davis Stephen , Lim Aaron , Spiess Volkhard 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTHigh‐resolution seismic and bathymetric data offshore southeast Ireland and LIDaR data in County Waterford are presented that partially overlap previous studies. The observed Quaternary stratigraphic succession offshore southeast Ireland (between Dungarvan and Kilmore Quay) records a sequence of depositional and erosional events that supports regional glacial models derived from nearby coastal sediment stratigraphies and landforms. A regionally widespread, acoustically massive facies interpreted as the ‘Irish Sea Till’ infills an uneven, channelized bedrock surface overlying irregular mounds and deposits in bedrock lows that are probably earlier Pleistocene diamicts. The till is truncated and overlain by a thin, stratified facies, suggesting the development of a regional palaeolake following ice recession of the Irish Sea Ice Stream. A north–south oriented seabed ridge to the north is interpreted as an esker, representing southward flowing subglacial drainage associated with a restricted ice sheet advance of the Irish Ice Sheet onto the Celtic Sea shelf. Onshore topographic data reveal streamlined bedforms that corroborate a southerly advance of ice onto the shelf across County Waterford. The combined evidence supports previous palaeoglaciological models. Significantly, for the first time, this study defines a southern limit for a Late Midlandian Irish Ice Sheet advance onto the Celtic Sea shelf. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in volatile flavor compounds of peppers during hot air drying process based on headspace‐gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (HS‐GC‐IMS)
Authors: Ge Shuai , Chen Yuyu , Ding Shenghua , Zhou Hui , Jiang Liwen , Yi Youjin , Deng Fangming , Wang Rongrong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDFlavor plays a critical role in defining sensory and consumer acceptance of dried pepper, and it can be affected by temperature and moisture content during hot air drying (HAD). Thus, headspace‐gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (HS‐GC‐IMS) was used to analyze changes in volatile compounds of pepper during the HAD process with different drying temperatures.RESULTSA total of 45 volatile flavor compounds were identified, including 11 esters, 11 aldehydes, nine alcohols, five ketones, three furans, three acids, two pyrazines, and one ether. The results showed that with the loss of moisture during drying, aldehydes and alcohols decreased, esters initially increased and then decreased. However, propyl acetate, 2,3‐butanediol, 2‐acetylfuran, and 2‐methylpyrazine increased. Moreover, drying temperature was closely related to the change of volatile flavor compounds. Aldehydes, alcohols, and some other volatile flavor compounds (methyl salicylate, ethyl acetate, 2‐methylpyrazine, dipropyl disulfide) decreased with an increase of temperature (60–80 °C) at the same moisture content, while high temperature could promote the formation of ethyl octanoate, methyl octanoate, benzaldehyde, furfurol, acetal, 5‐methylfurfural, and 2‐acetylfuran. Based on principal components analysis and heat map clustering analysis, peppers dried at 70 or 80 °C presented similar composition, and the loss of volatile flavor compounds was more than samples died at 60 °C during the HAD process.CONCLUSIONOverall, the flavor quality of peppers dried at 60 °C was better than that of other treatments during the HAD process. HS‐GC‐IMS was a reliable and effective means of analyzing volatile flavor compounds in peppers during the drying process. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Species‐Habitat Relationships and Priority Areas for Marsh‐Breeding Birds in Ontario
Authors: Tozer Douglas C. , Stewart Rebecca L. M. , Steele Owen , Gloutney Mark 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTPopulations of marsh‐breeding birds have declined throughout the southern Laurentian Great Lakes basin. To advance conservation of these species, we used occupancy modeling, a regional prioritization scheme, and data from Birds Canada's Great Lakes Marsh Monitoring Program (2016–2018) to describe species‐habitat relationships and identify priority habitat areas for 7 obligate marsh‐breeding bird species in southern Ontario, Canada: American bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), common gallinule (Gallinula galeata), least bittern (Ixobrychus exilis), marsh wren (Cistothorus palustris), pied‐billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), sora (Porzana carolina), and Virginia rail (Rallus limicola). Given these species respond to land cover at widely varying spatial scales, we initially identified the most informative scale (buffer = 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m, 1,600 m, 3,200 m, or 6,400 m) for marsh, urban, agricultural, and forest cover to increase model performance. We also considered climate variables, whether sample sites were along a Great Lakes coastline or inland, and covariates influencing detection. Occupancy was best explained by land cover at a wide range of spatial scales depending on the species. All species except Virginia rail responded positively to marsh cover; American bittern and Virginia rail responded negatively to urban cover; least bittern, pied‐billed grebe, and Virginia rail responded negatively and sora responded positively to agricultural cover; and American bittern, common gallinule, marsh wren, and pied‐billed grebe responded negatively and Virginia rail responded positively to forest cover. Only American bittern responded negatively to mean May–June temperature; only pied‐billed grebe responded positively to start of growing season; and only Virginia rail had higher occupancy at inland marshes compared to coastal. We combined predictions from the best model for each of 5 species with reasonably good model fit (we excluded sora and Virginia rail) to identify priority habitat areas for marsh‐breeding birds. Expansion of wetland conservation work from existing priority areas based on waterfowl to also include these new additional priority areas based on marsh‐breeding birds will be an important step towards conservation of all birds, and will help slow or maybe even reverse declining population trends. Some restoration activities outside but adjacent to priority areas will also be important for rebuilding marshes for these species across this intensively farmed and developed region. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
The promise of immunotherapy in the treatment of young adults with oral tongue cancer
Authors: Nasser Hassan , St. John Maie A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHistorically considered a disease of the older male resulting from cumulative tobacco and alcohol use, more recently we have witnessed a rise in the global incidence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in younger adults, particularly those without any identifiable risk factor exposure. These patients appear to be at higher overall risk for locoregional treatment failure and often experience a more heterogeneous clinical course, with some afflicted with particularly aggressive, rapidly progressive disease. Recent research efforts have supported the idea that although this disease may be genomically similar in these groups, and molecular differences in the tumor immune microenvironment may account for biological differences between young and older patients, as well as patients with and without exposure to alcohol or tobacco. In this review, we seek to summarize current knowledge regarding pathogenesis of oral tongue carcinoma in the young adult patient and examine the potential role of the immune response in disease progression and as a target for novel immunotherapies.
Transposon mutagenesis in Mycobacterium kansasii links a small RNA gene to colony morphology and biofilm formation and identifies 9,885 intragenic insertions that do not compromise colony outgrowth
Authors: Budell William C. , Germain Gabrielle A. , Janisch Niklas , McKie‐Krisberg Zaid , Jayaprakash Anitha D. , Resnick Andrew E. , Quadri Luis E. N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMycobacterium kansasii (Mk) is a resilient opportunistic human pathogen that causes tuberculosis‐like chronic pulmonary disease and mortality stemming from comorbidities and treatment failure. The standard treatment of Mk infections requires costly, long‐term, multidrug courses with adverse side effects. The emergence of drug‐resistant isolates further complicates the already challenging drug therapy regimens and threatens to compromise the future control of Mk infections. Despite the increasingly recognized global burden of Mk infections, the biology of this opportunistic pathogen remains essentially unexplored. In particular, studies reporting gene function or generation of defined mutants are scarce. Moreover, no transposon (Tn) mutagenesis tool has been validated for use in Mk, a situation limiting the repertoire of genetic approaches available to accelerate the dissection of gene function and the generation of gene knockout mutants in this poorly characterized pathogen. In this study, we validated the functionality of a powerful Tn mutagenesis tool in Mk and used this tool in conjunction with a forward genetic screen to establish a previously unrecognized role of a conserved mycobacterial small RNA gene of unknown function in colony morphology features and biofilm formation. We also combined Tn mutagenesis with next‐generation sequencing to identify 12,071 Tn insertions that do not compromise viability in vitro. Finally, we demonstrated the susceptibility of the Galleria mellonella larva to Mk, setting the stage for further exploration of this simple and economical infection model system to the study of this pathogen.
Growth in the High‐Risk Newborn Infant Post‐Discharge: Results from a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nutrition Follow‐up Clinic
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyi , Donnelly Brynn , Thomas Jessina , Sams Lauren , O'Brien Karen , Taylor Sarah N. , Jump Candi S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGrowth and nutrition in preterm infants have long‐term implications for neurodevelopmental and cardiometabolic outcomes. Many infants are discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with growth restriction, but often without a specialized team to monitor postdischarge growth. At our institution, we addressed our ongoing concerns for the health and growth of these infants post‐discharge by creating a Nutrition NICU Graduate Clinic. This clinic serves infants discharged from our NICU who were born with very low birth weight, had difficulty growing or feeding while inpatient, had a gastrostomy tube placed during hospitalization, or were deemed high risk for other reasons by our neonatal team, with the first clinic visit within 5 weeks of discharge. Data from our first 227 patients at time of discharge, first clinic visit, and any available second clinic visits are described. Anthropometrics show a high rate of extrauterine growth restriction at time of discharge with continued growth restriction at follow‐up. Feeding regimens prescribed at discharge and variations from the prescribed regimen at time of follow‐up are described. At time of first clinic visit, most patients (92.2%) required a medical or dietary intervention by our team. Our findings illustrate the need for early and specialized nutrition follow‐up in this patient population to improve growth trajectory post‐discharge.
An asymmetric information mean‐field type linear‐quadratic stochastic Stackelberg differential game with one leader and two followers
Authors: Wang Guangchen , Wang Yu , Zhang Susu 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThis paper is concerned with an asymmetric information linear‐quadratic (AILQ) stochastic Stackelberg differential game with one leader and two followers, where the game system is governed by mean‐field type stochastic differential equation (MF‐SDE). With the help of two systems of Riccati equations, the followers solve a MF‐type stochastic LQ game problem with partial information first, and then, the leader turns to address an optimal control problem driven by linear MF‐type forward‐backward stochastic differential filtering equation (MF‐FBSDFE). By maximum principle, direct construction method and optimal filtering, the open‐loop Stackelberg solution is expressed as a feedback form of state, state estimation, and state mean.
Critical role for iron accumulation in the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung disease
Authors: Ali Md Khadem , Kim Richard Y , Brown Alexandra C , Donovan Chantal , Vanka Kanth S , Mayall Jemma R , Liu Gang , Pillar Amber L , Jones‐Freeman Bernadette , Xenaki Dikaia , Borghuis Theo , Karim Rafia , Pinkerton James W , Aryal Ritambhara , Heidari Moones , Martin Kristy L , Burgess Janette K , Oliver Brian G , Trinder Debbie , Johnstone Daniel M , Milward Elizabeth A , Hansbro Philip M , Horvat Jay C 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIncreased iron levels and dysregulated iron homeostasis, or both, occur in several lung diseases. Here, the effects of iron accumulation on the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and associated lung function decline was investigated using a combination of murine models of iron overload and bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis, primary human lung fibroblasts treated with iron, and histological samples from patients with or without idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Iron levels are significantly increased in iron overloaded transferrin receptor 2 (Tfr2) mutant mice and homeostatic iron regulator (Hfe) gene–deficient mice and this is associated with increases in airway fibrosis and reduced lung function. Furthermore, fibrosis and lung function decline are associated with pulmonary iron accumulation in bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, we show that iron accumulation is increased in lung sections from patients with IPF and that human lung fibroblasts show greater proliferation and cytokine and extracellular matrix responses when exposed to increased iron levels. Significantly, we show that intranasal treatment with the iron chelator, deferoxamine (DFO), from the time when pulmonary iron levels accumulate, prevents airway fibrosis and decline in lung function in experimental pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis is associated with an increase in Tfr1+ macrophages that display altered phenotype in disease, and DFO treatment modified the abundance of these cells. These experimental and clinical data demonstrate that increased accumulation of pulmonary iron plays a key role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and lung function decline. Furthermore, these data highlight the potential for the therapeutic targeting of increased pulmonary iron in the treatment of fibrotic lung diseases such as IPF. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of heat–water–mechanics process in a freezing soil under stepwise freezing
Authors: Bai Ruiqiang , Lai Yuanming , You Zhemin , Ren Jingge 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFrost heave is a process coupling heat transfer, water migration, water–ice phase change and deformation. Frost heave forms various landforms, such as frost mounds, ice pitons, sorted polygons and stone circles, and potentially induces a variety of engineering failures, such as building inclination, differential engineering foundation and pavement cracking. To understand the mechanism of frost heave under complex freezing paths, we provide a numerical heat–water–mechanics model that incorporates shrinkage in an unfrozen zone and uses a water content criterion to judge the formation of the ice lens. The model is then used to simulate the moisture, temperature, deformation and ice lens of a freezing soil during stepwise freezing. The simulated results for temperature, displacement and the ice lens are in good agreement with measured data, indicating that the model can be used to describe the heat–water–mechanics process in freezing soils under a complex freezing path. The freezing path determines the soil's water content profile in a manner like that in a stepwise freezing process, where each step produces a water‐content peak at the frozen fringe of the step. The model must consider shrinkage of the unfrozen area, or the amount of frost heave would be overestimated and the predicted ice lens would unrealistically be found in the frozen zone.
Investigating the slope failures at the Lou rock glacier front, French Alps
Authors: Marcer Marco , Ringsø Nielsen Steffen , Ribeyre Charles , Kummert Mario , Duvillard Pierre‐Allain , Schoeneich Philippe , Bodin Xavier , Genuite Kim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOn August 14
2015 a large debris flow initiated by the occurrence of two slope failures at the front of the Lou rock glacier flooded part of the town of Lanslevillard, France. The present study aims to understand the meteorological and geomorphological context that led to these failures. Investigations were conducted by combining meteorological data, surface movements, and geophysical transects. The analysis indicates that the Lou rock glacier is directly connected to an active torrential channel and has a natural predisposition to frontal failure due to the steepness of its front. The slope failures were triggered after a heat wave followed by a three‐week period of almost continuous rainfall. Water flowing on top of the permafrost table was observed in the two head scarps, suggesting that regressive erosion consecutive to this concentrated subsurface water flow triggered the failures. For one of the slides, traces of previous failures were observable on historical aerial imagery dating back to the 1950's, while the second slide corresponded to a novel event and developed on the frontal slope of a fast‐moving and destabilized rock glacier lobe. We also discuss the increase in local predisposition to failure related to the remarkable morphological modifications such as frontal advance and development of surface cracks associated with the lobe destabilization.
Modeling Sensitivities of Energetic Materials using the Python Language and Libraries
Authors: Mathieu Didier 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAssessing the value of new compounds as components of energetic materials requires the determination of a significant amount of data, including sensitivities to various stimuli. Unfortunately, the dependence of these properties on molecular structure is still poorly understood. In view of estimating their values for putative high energy molecules, standard quantitative structure‐property relationship (QSPR) methodologies are widely used. In doing so, a special focus is put on standard descriptors and formalisms. To foster further progress through consideration of alternative approaches, this article emphasizes how the Python language and associated libraries make it straightforward to implement arbitrary models, including schemes à la Keshavarz based on the occurrences of highly specific molecular fragments as well as the non‐linear expressions naturally arising from physics‐based approaches to sensitivities. Two previously published models are implemented for illustrative purposes. The first one is a simple fragment‐based equation for electric spark sensitivity of nitroarenes. The second one is a model for impact sensitivity of general molecular energetic materials. In each case a Python implementation is provided as supporting information and may be used as is or serve as a template to implement alternative schemes.
Biochemical analysis of a sugar 4,6‐dehydratase from Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
Authors: Ferek Justin D. , Thoden James B. , Holden Hazel M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe exciting discovery of the giant DNA Mimivirus in 2003 challenged the conventional description of viruses in a radical way, and since then, dozens of additional giant viruses have been identified. It has now been demonstrated that the Mimivirus genome encodes for the two enzymes required for the production of the unusual sugar 4‐amino‐4,6‐dideoxy‐d‐glucose, namely a 4,6‐dehydratase and an aminotransferase. In light of our long‐standing interest in the bacterial 4,6‐dehydratases and in unusual sugars in general, we conducted a combined structural and functional analysis of the Mimivirus 4,6‐dehydratase referred to as R141. For this investigation, the three‐dimensional X‐ray structure of R141 was determined to 2.05 Å resolution and refined to an R‐factor of 18.3%. The overall fold of R141 places it into the short‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily of proteins. Whereas its molecular architecture is similar to that observed for the bacterial 4,6‐dehydratases, there are two key regions where the polypeptide chain adopts different conformations. In particular, the conserved tyrosine that has been implicated as a catalytic acid or base in SDR superfamily members is splayed away from the active site by nearly 12 Å, thereby suggesting that a major conformational change must occur upon substrate binding. In addition to the structural analysis, the kinetic parameters for R141 using either dTDP‐d‐glucose or UDP‐d‐glucose as substrates were determined. Contrary to a previous report, R141 demonstrates nearly identical catalytic efficiency with either nucleotide‐linked sugar. The data presented herein represent the first three‐dimensional model for a viral 4,6‐dehydratase and thus expands our understanding of these fascinating enzymes.
Growth and water relations of riparian poplar forests under pressure in Central Asia's Tarim River Basin
Authors: Thomas Frank M. , Lang Petra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe riparian forests in the Tarim Basin (NW China) are mainly composed of poplar species (Populus euphratica, Populus pruinosa). In the hyper‐arid climate of this region, the trees are phreatophytes, which rely on access to groundwater. Essential ecosystem services (ESS) of these forests comprise provisioning, regulating, and cultural services. The ESS of the forests are threatened by overuse and a continuous decrease in the groundwater level due to excessive use of water for agriculture, which resulted in a severe reduction of the poplar forest area during the past decades.Studies revealed that the wood of the forests could be sustainably used through a moderate harvesting intensity. Rejuvenation of the forests from seeds is only possible after sediment deposition and wetting of the soil surface upon flooding and at relatively short distances to the groundwater. At sites with larger groundwater distances, trees can only regenerate vegetatively through root suckers emerging from underground root spacers. With increasing distance from the water table, the stands become older and sparser and, ultimately, are doomed to die off. The research results can contribute to develop suitable management schemes for the conservation and protection of Central Asia's riparian forests. The lower reaches of the Tarim River have been subjected to a water release programme for the past 20 years. We recommend focusing the diversion of such additional (“ecological”) water to stands with a short distance to the groundwater to keep these forests fully functional and to maintain their ability to regenerate from seeds.