bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and prognostic value of preoperative systemic inflammatory markers in anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Zhang Lingyun , Luo Han , Wang Liying , Liu Yang , Rui Shu , Wu Zhujuan , Wei Tao , Gong Rixiang , Li Zhihui , Zhu Jingqiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundEasily accessible, generalized, and inexpensive methods are expected to differentiate anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) from advanced differentiated thyroid cancer (aDTC). We aimed to explore potential diagnostic and prognostic value of systematic inflammatory markers (SIMs) in ATC and aDTC.MethodsAbout 22 ATC, 101 aDTC, and 100 matched early DTC patients were analyzed retrospectively. SIMs included the comprehensive index, neutrophil‐monocyte‐platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NMPLR) and the previously reported ones. Receiver operating characteristic, Kaplan‐Meier, and COX regression analyses were mainly conducted.ResultsNMPLR exhibited the highest area under the curve value 0.806 (P < .0001) to diagnose ATC from aDTC. NMPLR was identified as an independent risk factor for overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR]: 47.821, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.863‐798.765, P = .007) in ATC, as well as for OS (HR: 7.360, 95% CI, 1.620‐33.430, P = .010) and recurrence‐free survival (HR: 4.172, 95% CI, 1.139‐15.286, P = .031) in aDTC. Taken both refractory types (ATC and aDTC) together, NMPLR could independently predict OS (HR: 6.470; 95% CI, 2.134‐19.616; P = .001).ConclusionNMPLR is a generalized index. It showed excellent potential in differential diagnosis and survival prediction in refractory thyroid cancer. However, it needs to be validated in larger cohort and clinical practice.
A Systematic Review of Intensive Empirically Supported Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Sciarrino Nicole A. , Warnecke Ashlee J. , Teng Ellen J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVarious clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have consistently identified two frontline evidence‐based psychotherapies (EBPs)—prolonged exposure (PE) and cognitive processing therapy (CPT)—as well as other empirically supported treatments (EST), such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and cognitive therapy for PTSD (CT for PTSD). However, researchers and clinicians continue to be concerned with rates of symptom improvement and patient dropout within these treatments. Recent attempts to address these issues have resulted in intensive, or “massed,” treatments for PTSD. Due to variability among intensive treatments, including treatment delivery format, fidelity to the EST, and the population studied, we conducted a systematic review to summarize and integrate the literature on the impact of intensive treatments on PTSD symptoms. A review of four major databases, with no restrictions regarding publication date, yielded 11 studies that met all inclusion criteria. The individual study findings denoted a large impact of treatment on reduction of PTSD symptoms, ds = 1.15–2.93, and random‐effects modeling revealed a large weighted mean effect of treatment, d = 1.57, 95% CI [1.24, 1.91]. Results from intensive treatments also noted high rates of treatment completion (i.e., 0%–13.6% dropout; 5.51% pooled dropout rate across studies). The findings suggest that intensive delivery of these treatments can be an effective alternative to standard delivery and contribute to improved treatment response and reduced treatment dropout.
From land productivity trends to land degradation assessment in Mozambique: Effects of climate, human activities and stakeholder definitions
Authors: Montfort Frédérique , Bégué Agnès , Leroux Louise , Blanc Lilian , Gond Valéry , Cambule Armindo H. , Remane Ivan A. D. , Grinand Clovis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRemote sensing observations such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) trends can provide important insights into past and present land condition. However, they do not directly provide comprehensive information about our representation of land degradation and the processes at work. This study aimed to analyze vegetation productivity underlying factors in order to assess land degradation and to highlight the impact of definitions on its quantitative assessment, using Mozambique as case‐study. Land productivity change were first analyzed using NDVI time‐series (2000–2016), and a two‐step framework was then used to understand the main factors of these productivity changes. The impact of land degradation's definition was assessed based on four types of stakeholder, with different priorities in terms of ecosystem services. The results show that 25% of the country display a significant land productivity decrease, while only 3% display a land productivity increase. A large part of these land productivity changes (>61% of the decrease, and >98% of the increase) is directly assigned to human activities, such as native forest growth or tree plantations (for the increase), or forest degradation, deforestation and loss of grassland productivity (for the decrease). We showed that the fraction of degraded land varies according to stakeholders' definitions, ranging from 12% to 20% of the Country, much less than the 39% estimated by Tier 1 United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. This study provides a sound methodological framework for assessing land degradation status that could help stakeholders to design national and locally relevant land degradation mitigation policies or programmes.
Investigating the potential underdiagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Authors: Quilao Raymond J. , Greer Melody , Stack Brendan C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionPrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a condition in which one or more parathyroid glands secrete excess amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH). In short, PHPT is characterized by hypercalcemia/hypercalciuria with concurrent elevated PTH levels. This condition is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, psychiatric disturbances, and renal complications. As of now, the disease typically runs a long course before being identified and treated. At present, surgery is the only viable treatment option for patients with this disease. Publications from other tertiary centers have identified a large‐scale underdiagnosis of PHPT. The aim of this study is to determine if similar trends exist at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS). Moreover, this study was seen as a first step to developing a machine learning strategy to diagnose PHPT in large clinical data sets.MethodsTo evaluate for potential underdiagnosis of PHPT at UAMS, all patients from 2006 to 2018 with hypercalcemia and/or hypercalciuria (excluding those with known malignancies or other possible causes of excess serum calcium) were identified in electronic medical records. Then, it was evaluated whether these hypercalcemic/hypercalciuric patients received subsequent measurement of PTH levels necessary to confirm the diagnosis of HPT.ResultsAt UAMS between 2006 and 2018, 28 831 patients were identified as having hypercalcemia and/or hypercalciuria. Of these patients, only 7984 ever had subsequent PTH levels tested. Therefore, 20 847 (72.3%) of these patients never had PTH labs drawn.ConclusionsThese findings may represent a significant patient population in which PHPT remains undiagnosed due to lack of follow‐up. PHPT is often a silent disease with an insidious onset. At the point of diagnosis, typically the treatment is surgical removal of the offending parathyroid gland(s) (parathyroidectomy). Identification of underdiagnosis is the first step for subsequent improvement in the diagnosis of PHPT. Detection of this disease in its earlier stages may open the door for medical and lifestyle interventions, thereby decreasing long‐term sequelae of the disease, such as osteoporosis, myocardial infarction, or stroke.
Twisted Quadrupole Topological Photonic Crystals
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxi , Lin Zhi‐Kang , Lu Weixin , Lai Yun , Hou Bo , Jiang Jian‐Hua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTopological manipulation of waves is at the heart of cutting‐edge metamaterial research. Quadrupole topological insulators were recently discovered in 2D flux‐threading lattices that exhibit higher‐order topological wave trapping at both the edges and corners. Photonic crystals (PhCs), lying at the boundary between continuous media and discrete lattices, however, are incompatible with the present quadrupole topological theory. Here, quadrupole topological PhCs triggered by a twisting degree‐of‐freedom are unveiled. Using a topologically trivial PhC as the motherboard, it is shown that twisting induces quadrupole topological PhCs without flux‐threading. The twisting‐induced crystalline symmetry enriches the Wannier polarizations and leads to the anomalous quadrupole topology. Versatile edge and corner phenomena are observed by controlling the twisting angles in a lateral heterostructure of 2D PhCs. This study paves the way toward topological twist photonics as well as the quadrupole topology in the quasi‐continuum regime for phonons and polaritons.
Hydrogen‐Peroxide‐Responsive Protein Biomimetic Nanoparticles for Photothermal‐Photodynamic Combination Therapy of Melanoma
Authors: Wen Long , Hyoju Riza , Wang Peiru , Shi Lei , Li Chunxiao , Li Meng , Wang Xiuli 
Published: June 2020

Background and ObjectivesRecently, there has been a rapid increase in the incidences of melanoma, which represents a serious threat to human health. Generally, tumor‐microenvironment‐responsive nanoparticle‐based photothermal‐photodynamic combination therapy (PTT‐PDT) is characterized by intratumoral response and tumor targeting. In this study, we designed and synthesized hydrogen‐peroxide‐responsive protein biomimetic nanoparticles (MnO2‐ICG@BSA) for the treatment of melanoma.Study Design/Materials and MethodsBriefly, MnO2‐ICG@BSA was prepared using a mild protein synthesis method by loading indocyanine green (ICG) into a bovine serum albumin–manganese dioxide complex (MnO2@BSA); next, its characteristics were determined. In addition, in vitro biocompatibility and antitumor efficacy were assessed using the classic cell counting kit‐8 assay. Moreover, in vivo high‐frequency ultrasound and thermal imaging were used to evaluate the oxygen‐production capacity and photothermal conversion effect of MnO2‐ICG@BSA at the tumor site, and Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green (SOSG) was used to measure singlet oxygen levels in the tumor. The antitumor efficacy was assessed based on relative tumor size, bodyweight, survival curves, and hematoxylin and eosin staining.ResultsThe results showed that MnO2‐ICG@BSA has a high photothermal conversion efficiency, a strong singlet oxygen‐generation ability, and high photothermal stability. In addition, in vitro PTT‐PDT experiments showed that MnO2‐ICG@BSA has a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of B16F10 melanoma cells. Meanwhile, in vivo experiments showed that MnO2‐ICG@BSA has a significant inhibitory effect on melanoma in mice. Preliminary toxicity studies indicated that MnO2‐ICG@BSA exhibits low toxicity.ConclusionFrom the results, we can conclude that MnO2‐ICG@BSA could be used in PTT‐PDT to treat melanoma, making it a good candidate material for PTT‐PDT. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
GIS and remote sensing techniques for the estimation of dew volume in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Valjarević Aleksandar , Filipović Dejan , Valjarević Dragana , Milanović Miško , Milošević Slaviša , Živić Neboјša , Lukić Tin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith the help of satellite data and numerical geographical information system (GIS) methods, the total capacity of dew volume on the entire territory of the Republic of Serbia was estimated. Multicriteria GIS analysis and satellite detections with the support of methods such as kriging and semi‐kriging gave satisfactory results in the present research. After the download of satellite data, they were compared with meteorological data for precipitation, evaporation and air temperature. A very precise grid in 1 × 1° of longitude and latitude was created. The average estimated dew potential for the territory of Serbia is 20–40 mm⋅year−1 for the south of the country, 15 mm⋅year−1 for the north, 30–50 mm⋅year−1 for the central region and 20–30 mm⋅year−1 for the east. In most drought regions, it is < 10 mm⋅year−1⋅m−2. Counties with the largest dew capacity (between 15,200 and 20,000 L) include Borski, Nišavski and Jablanički in the eastern part of the country, as well as Zlatiborski, Raški and Peć in the western and southern parts, respectively. On the other hand, counties with the lowest dew capacity (2,000–3,000 L) encompass northern parts of Serbia (Sremski, Severno‐Banatski, Srednje‐Banatski, Južno‐Banatski, Severno‐Bački and Zapadno‐Bački). The possibility for dew use is particularly strong during the spring. The estimated total capacity of the dew potential for Serbia is 1.5 × 107 L. By comparing the obtained data for Serbia, it is concluded that the amount of this type of water resource is not large, but enough for use in agricultural and other economic sectors.
Using Language Representation Learning Approach to Efficiently Identify Protein Complex Categories in Electron Transport Chain
Authors: Nguyen Trinh‐Trung‐Duong , Le Nguyen‐Quoc‐Khanh , Ho Quang‐Thai , Phan Dinh‐Van , Ou Yu‐Yen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe herein proposed a novel approach based on the language representation learning method to categorize electron complex proteins into 5 types. The idea is stemmed from the the shared characteristics of human language and protein sequence language, thus advanced natural language processing techniques were used for extracting useful features. Specifically, we employed transfer learning and word embedding techniques to analyze electron complex sequences and create efficient feature sets before using a support vector machine algorithm to classify them. During the 5‐fold cross‐validation processes, seven types of sequence‐based features were analyzed to find the optimal features. On an average, our final classification models achieved the accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and MCC of 96 %, 96.1 %, 95.3 %, and 0.86, respectively on cross‐validation data. For the independent test data, those corresponding performance scores are 95.3 %, 92.6 %, 94 %, and 0.87. We concluded that using feature extracted using these representation learning methods, the prediction performance of simple machine learning algorithm is on par with existing deep neural network method on the task of categorizing electron complexes while enjoying a much faster way for feature generation. Furthermore, the results also showed that the combination of features learned from the representation learning methods and sequence motif counts helps yield better performance.
Plant‐like cadinane sesquiterpenes from an actinobacterial mangrove endophyte
Authors: Ding Ling , Görls Helmar , Hertweck Christian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCadinanes are typical plant sesquiterpenes with a broad range of biological functions. We report the isolation of three cadinanes (1–3) from a bacterial endophyte (Streptomyces sp.) of the mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. The structures of two new cadinenes, (+)‐11‐hydroxy‐epicubenol (1) and (+)‐12‐hydroxy‐epicubenol (2) were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry. The bacterial product (+)‐11‐hydroxy‐epicubenol was elucidated to be an enantiomer of the plant product pubinernoid C. (+)‐12‐Hydroxy‐epicubenol was established as a diastereomer of the basidiomycete product trichapargin A. In addition, a crystal structure analysis corroborated the structure and configuration of 5,11‐epoxy‐10‐cadinanol (3), a cadinane cycloether initially described as a natural product from liverwort. The discovery of oxygenated cadinanes from a bacterial endophyte may set the basis for the production of cadinanes by bacterial fermentation.
High‐sensitivity CEST mapping using a spatiotemporal correlation‐enhanced method
Authors: Chen Lin , Cao Suyi , Koehler Raymond C. , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Xu Jiadi 
Published: June 2020

PurposeTo obtain high‐sensitivity CEST maps by exploiting the spatiotemporal correlation between CEST images.MethodsA postprocessing method accomplished by multilinear singular value decomposition (MLSVD) was used to enhance the CEST SNR by exploiting the correlation between the Z‐spectrum for each voxel and the low‐rank property of the overall CEST data. The performance of this method was evaluated using CrCEST in ischemic mouse brain at 11.7 tesla. Then, MLSVD CEST was applied to obtain Cr, amide, and amine CEST maps of the ischemic mouse brain to demonstrate its general applications.ResultsComplex‐valued Gaussian noise was added to CEST k‐space data to mimic a low SNR situation. MLSVD CEST analysis was able to suppress the noise, recover the degraded CEST peak, and provide better CrCEST quality compared to the smoothing and singular value decomposition (SVD)‐based denoising methods. High‐resolution Cr, amide, and amine CEST maps of an ischemic stroke using MLSVD CEST suggest that CrCEST is also a sensitive pH mapping method, and a wide range of pH changes can be detected by combing CrCEST with amine CEST at high magnetic fields.ConclusionMLSVD CEST provides a simple and efficient way to improve the SNR of CEST images.
Telephone nurses' strategies for managing difficult calls: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Eriksson Irene , Wilhsson Marie , Blom Therese , Broo Wahlström Carina , Larsson Margaretha 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo describe telenurses' strategies for managing difficult calls.BackgroundTelenursing is a growing and complex area and places great demands on telenurses' knowledge and skills and on their ability to communicate and listen. To become emotionally concerned is central to telenurses' experiences of difficult calls.DesignA descriptive qualitative study.MethodsThe data were collected during February 2017 through individual interviews with 19 telenurses at call centres and primary healthcare centres. Data were analysed with qualitative content analysis.ResultThe analysis revealed an essential strategy illustrated by the theme “to be calm and secure in themselves.” Further categories described telenurses' strategies to manage difficult calls, labelled as: “to show commitment and interest,” “to have structure in the call and use support systems,” “to pause the call” and “to reflect on difficult calls.” The results show that telenurses need multiple strategies to help them to navigate difficult calls.
The meaning(s) of place: Identifying the structure of sense of place across a social–ecological landscape
Authors: Rajala Kiandra , Sorice Michael G. , Thomas Valerie A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSense of place holds promise to understand how people perceive and respond to social and ecological change; however, using this concept to explore vulnerability and adaptation first depends on identifying the multiple ways people define their relationship with a place.We introduce the meaning‐dependence framework to account for the broad array of person–place connections within social–ecological landscapes.We applied this framework to private landowners in the Southern Great Plains of the United States, a working landscape experiencing ecological transformation from grasslands to degraded woodlands.Using a mail survey, we explored the structure of sense of place based on the relationship between place meanings and place attachment. We employed complementary analytical methods: correlation analysis, ordinary least squares regression, and machine learning through a regression tree and random forest.Place meanings explained a large amount of variation in place attachment and were characterized by intercorrelations and interactions. Across analyses, experiential meanings reflecting personal psychological connections to one's land were the predominant drivers of landowners' place attachment.Way of lifeemerged as a central meaning for understanding sense of place on private lands.The meaning‐dependence framework builds on existing research to account for the multiple ways meanings inform human connections to a place. This framework is broadly applicable to any setting and can capture diverse configurations of person–place relationships and increase the utility of sense of place in social–ecological research.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Well‐defined backbone degradable polymer–drug conjugates synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization
Authors: Joubert Fanny , Pasparakis George 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite the recent advances of controlled polymerization methods over the last decades, the lack of backbone degradability of well‐defined polymers remains a major synthetic challenge that limits the full exploitation of polymer–drug conjugates (PDCs) in clinical practice. Here, we report the copolymerization of a cyclic ketene acetal (CKA) and a vinyl‐based drug‐monomer as a proof‐of‐concept approach to prepare model polyester‐based prodrugs via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization. We demonstrate the versatility of the system toward backbone degradability and control over the chain length while maintaining both low dispersity (ĐM) and homogenous distribution of degradation points along the main polymer chain. The resulting PDCs exhibit unique self‐assembly properties and potent cytotoxicity against pancreatic cancer cells. A methacrylate prodrug is copolymerized with a CKA co‐monomer using RAFT polymerization producing a backbone degradable PDC with well‐defined molecular structure. The resulting PDC undergoes controlled backbone degradation and produces by‐products of narrow dispersity and low toxicity. In addition, it is demonstrated that the insertion of degradation segments does not affect the cytotoxic properties of the PDC under in vitro conditions.
Lignin‐Based Direct Ink Printed Structural Scaffolds
Authors: Jiang Bo , Yao Yonggang , Liang Zhiqiang , Gao Jinlong , Chen Gegu , Xia Qinqin , Mi Ruiyu , Jiao Miaolun , Wang Xizheng , Hu Liangbing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract3D printing of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) has attracted increasing attention by using this abundant, sustainable, and ecofriendly material. While cellulose can be easily tailored into a highly viscous ink for 3D printing, after solvent evaporation, the final printed structures become highly porous, fragile, and easily fall apart in water due to its hydrophilic nature. Lignin, another crucial component of natural lignocellulose, has not yet been reported for ink printing due to its unfavorable rheological behavior. Herein, a low‐cost direct ink printing strategy is developed to fabricate lignin‐based 3D structures with lignin no further refined and a more compact microstructure as well as different functionalities compared with printed cellulose. By using a soft triblock copolymer as the crosslinking agent, the rheology of lignin‐based inks can be adjusted from soft to rigid, and even enables vertical printing which requires stiff and self‐supporting features. The lignin‐based inks contain less water (≈40 wt%) and exhibit a much denser, stiffer structure, resulting in a wet tensile strength of ≈30 MPa, compared to only ≈0.6 MPa for printed cellulose. In addition, the unique macromolecular structure of lignin also demonstrates significantly improved stability in water and under heat, as well as UV‐blocking performance.