bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of dynamic facial expressions of emotion between dogs and humans
Authors: Correia-Caeiro Catia , Guo Kun , Mills Daniel S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFacial expressions are a core component of the emotional response of social mammals. In contrast to Darwin's original proposition, expressive facial cues of emotion appear to have evolved to be species-specific. Faces trigger an automatic perceptual process, and so, inter-specific emotion perception is potentially a challenge; since observers should not try to “read” heterospecific facial expressions in the same way that they do conspecific ones. Using dynamic spontaneous facial expression stimuli, we report the first inter-species eye-tracking study on fully unrestrained participants and without pre-experiment training to maintain attention to stimuli, to compare how two different species living in the same ecological niche, humans and dogs, perceive each other’s facial expressions of emotion. Humans and dogs showed different gaze distributions when viewing the same facial expressions of either humans or dogs. Humans modulated their gaze depending on the area of interest (AOI) being examined, emotion, and species observed, but dogs modulated their gaze depending on AOI only. We also analysed if the gaze distribution was random across AOIs in both species: in humans, eye movements were not correlated with the diagnostic facial movements occurring in the emotional expression, and in dogs, there was only a partial relationship. This suggests that the scanning of facial expressions is a relatively automatic process. Thus, to read other species’ facial emotions successfully, individuals must overcome these automatic perceptual processes and employ learning strategies to appreciate the inter-species emotional repertoire.
Effect of dissolved oxygen on l-methionine production from glycerol by Escherichia coli W3110BL using metabolic flux analysis method
Authors: Niu Kun , Xu Yue-Ying , Wu Wang-Jie , Zhou Hai-Yan , Liu Zhi-Qiang , Zheng Yu-Guo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
l-Methionine is an essential amino acid in humans, which plays an important role in the synthesis of some important amino acids and proteins. In this work, metabolic flux of batch fermentation of l-methionine with recombinant Escherichia coli W3110BL was analyzed using the flux balance analysis method, which estimated the intracellular flux distributions under different dissolved oxygen conditions. The results revealed the producing l-methionine flux of 4.8 mmol/(g cell·h) [based on the glycerol uptake flux of 100 mmol/(g cell·h)] was obtained at 30% dissolved oxygen level which was higher than that of other dissolved oxygen levels. The carbon fluxes for synthesizing l-methionine were mainly obtained from the pathway of phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetic acid [15.6 mmol/(g cell·h)] but not from the TCA cycle. Hence, increasing the flow from phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetic acid by enhancing the enzyme activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase might be conducive to the production of l-methionine. Additionally, pentose phosphate pathway could provide a large amount of reducing power NADPH for the synthesis of amino acids and the flux could increase from 41 mmol/(g cell·h) to 51 mmol/(g cell·h) when changing the dissolved oxygen levels, thus meeting the requirement of NADPH for l-methionine production and biomass synthesis. Therefore, the following modification of the strains should based on the improvement of the key pathway and the NAD(P)/NAD(P)H metabolism.
Large deformation plasticity
Authors: Bruhns Otto T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe theory of plasticity as a special field of continuum mechanics deals with the irreversible, i.e. permanent, deformation of solids. Under the action of given loads or deformations, the state of the stresses and strains or the strain rates in these bodies is described. In this way, it complements the theory of elasticity for the reversible behavior of solids. In practice, it has been observed that many materials behave elastically up to a certain load (yield point), beyond that load, however, increasingly plastic or liquid-like. The combination of these two material properties is known as elastoplasticity. The classical elastoplastic material behavior is assumed to be time-independent or rate-independent. In contrast, we call a time- or rate-dependent behavior visco-elastoplastic and visco-plastic—if the elastic part of the deformation is neglected. In plasticity theory, because of the given loads the states of the state variables stress, strain and temperature as well as their changes are described. For this purpose, the observed phenomena are introduced and put into mathematical relationships. The constitutive relations describing the specific material behavior are finally embedded in the fundamental relations of continuum theory and physics. Historically, the theory of plasticity was introduced in order to better estimate the strength of constructions. An analysis based purely on elastic codes is not in a position to do this, and can occasionally even lead to incorrect interpretations. On the other hand, the entire field of forming techniques requires a theory for the description of plastic behavior. Starting from the classical description of plastic behavior with small deformations, the present review is intended to provide an insight into the state of the art when taking into account finite deformations.
Disability and Pain are the Best Predictors of Sick Leave After a Distal Radius Fracture in Men
Authors: Egund Lisa , Önnby Karin , Mcguigan Fiona , Åkesson Kristina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurpose Distal radius fracture often compromises working ability, but clinical implications are less studied in men due to its lower incidence. This study therefore describes sick leave in men with distal radius fracture, specifically exploring the impact of patient- and fracture-related factors. Methods Professionally active men aged 20–65 with distal radius fracture were followed prospectively for 1-year (n = 88). Data included treatment method, radiographic parameters pre/post treatment, complications, health, lifestyle and occupational demand. Patient outcomes were self-reported sick leave; Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score; pain (5 likert scale); SF-36: Physical Component Scale (PCS) and Mental Component Scale (MCS). Results Median sick leave was 4 weeks (IQR 0; 8); almost a third reported taking no sick leave. Categorizing sick leave into 3 groups (0–6, 7–12 and > 12 weeks), men with the longest sick leave had 22 points higher DASH score (p = 0.001) and 5 points lower PCS (p = 0.02) at 1 week and the difference remained over time; they were also older and more often treated surgically. The strongest predictors of length of sick leave were one-week post-fracture DASH score (rs = 0.4, p < 0.001), pain intensity (rs = 0.4, p < 0.001) and PCS (rs = − 0.4, p = 0.002). The correlation between sick leave and pain was even stronger analyzing treatment groups separately (closed reduction and cast rs = 0.56, p = 0.007, surgery rs = 0.42, p = 0.04). Conclusions Self-reported disability, pain and global health measurements as early as 1 week post-fracture are the strongest predictors of length of sick leave regardless of treatment; an important finding easily transferrable to clinical management of distal radius fractures.
Assessing the Development of Collective Impact Initiatives Addressing Maternal and Child Health
Authors: Landry Sarah , Collie-Akers Vicki , Foster Kara , Pecha Denise , Abresch Chad 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the extent to which communities participating in the Collective Impact Learning Collaborative (CILC) increased capacity to create conditions for collective impact (CI) to address racial disparities in maternal and child health (MCH) and align local efforts with state MCH priorities over a 12-month period.

Description
Eight communities participated in a learning collaborative that involved the provision of technical assistance via webinars, monthly team calls, and site visits to facilitate the development of a collective impact initiative. A Ready-Set-Go approach to technical assistance was used to guide the communities through each phase of development while also providing individual assistance to teams based on their capacity at the start of participation.

Assessment
A pre/post design measured change in capacity to engage in CI efforts over time. A survey designed to assess the completion of core tasks related to early indicators of CI was completed at baseline and 12 months later. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Mann–Whitney test determined statistically significant progress towards outcomes over 12 months and differences in progress between high- and low- capacity teams.

Conclusion
In 12 months, teams with little established groundwork made significant progress, in some ways exceeding progress of more established teams. Statistically significant progress was achieved in eleven of fourteen outcomes measured. Five teams aligned local efforts with state priorities after 12 months. Findings suggest technical assistance to establish conditions for collective impact can support progress even when pre-conditions for collective impact are not previously established.
The sentience argument for experientialism about welfare
Authors: van der Deijl Willem 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCan a person’s degree of wellbeing be affected by things that do not enter her experience? Experientialists deny that it can, extra-experientialists affirm it. The debate between these two positions has focused on an argument against experientialism—the experience machine objection—but few arguments exist for it. I present an argument for experientialism. It builds on the claim that theories of wellbeing should not only state what constitutes wellbeing, but also which entities are welfare subjects. Moreover, the claims it makes about these two issues should have a certain coherence with each other. I argue that if we accept a particular plausible answer to the second question—namely that all and only sentient beings are welfare subjects—extra-experientialist theories face a problem of coherence. While this problem can typically be solved, doing so will involve steps that are unattractive. On experientialist theories, on the other hand, the answer to these questions cohere perfectly.
A New Horizon for Evaluating Tire Grip Within a Laboratory Environment
Authors: Salehi Marzieh , Noordermeer Jacques W. M. , Reuvekamp Louis A. E. M. , Tolpekina Tanya , Blume Anke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe evaluation of tire grip on the road is costly and consumes high energy and time, but is essential for safety. Prediction of tire grip on a laboratory scale is therefore always of interest and of utmost importance for research and material developments. It mostly suffers from lack of comparison with actual tire data. To involve all influencing factors on tire grip in a laboratory scale measurement is very complex. Therefore, it has always remained challenging to obtain a strong correlation between laboratory results and road data. In the present study, a new test method is developed for a Laboratory Abrasion Tester, LAT100, which enables to exploit the device as a tribometer. The objective was to develop a technique on a laboratory device to mimic the common test modalities for evaluating tire grip on the road with a trailer tester: lateral (α) and longitudinal (κ) sweep tests. The new method is validated by correlating the laboratory data with the two test modalities of real tire grip on a dry road using a trailer tester for six different tire tread compositions. For the LAT100 tests, solid rubber wheels are characterized at three different normal loads. The effects are comparable with actual tire data. The outcome of the new test method is in good agreement with actual tire trailer α-sweep tests.Graphical abstract
Study of Micro- and Nanoscale Wetting Properties of Lubricants Using AFM Force–Distance Curves
Authors: Friedrich Sebastian , Cappella Brunero 
Published: February 2020

AbstractForce–distance curves have been recorded on thin films of nine different lubricants to extend the results of a previous work of one of the authors. The lubricants wet the AFM tip, which causes a capillary force. This depends on the shape of the tip, as well as on properties of the lubricants such as surface tension, contact angle, and viscosity, which have been additionally measured with other methods. Thus, their influence on the shape of the curves could be analyzed. The main features of force–distance curves on different lubricants have been characterized and the underlying phenomena could be explained. Results contribute to a better understanding of fundamental mechanisms influencing lubrication and hence friction and wear at the micro- and nanoscale.
A Comparison of Airborne Particles Generated from Disk Brake Contacts: Induction Versus Frictional Heating
Authors: Ma Jijie , Olofsson Ulf , Lyu Yezhe , Wahlström Jens , Åström Anna Hedlund , Tu Minghui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Volatile emissions of vehicle brakes relate to the high temperature of the brake friction pair. However, as a passive parameter of braking applications, temperature is usually studied together with other parameters such as sliding speed and load. Heating tests that increase the friction pair temperature with an induction heater instead of friction are proposed in this study to imitate the rise in temperature in friction tests. Non-friction airborne particles produced solely by the high temperature in heating tests were studied in comparison with friction tests. The results confirmed the existence of non-friction airborne particles and they can represent about 4.5% of the total airborne particles in friction tests. The high-temperature behaviour as well as the composition of the non-friction airborne particles is also presented.

Graphical Abstract
Experimental studies of thermal performance of an evacuated tube heat pipe solar collector in Polish climatic conditions
Authors: Siuta-Olcha Alicja , Cholewa Tomasz , Dopieralska-Howoruszko Kinga 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis work presents the results of experimental studies on the energy performance of an evacuated solar collector, heat pipe type, consisting of 24 tubes, over the period of 2 months. The solar collector with a gross area of 3.9 m2 is part the solar hot water test system located in Lublin (Poland). The effect of the weather conditions and operating parameters on the thermal and exergy efficiencies of the evacuated tube solar collector has been defined. The solar irradiation per month for July amounted to 80 kWh/m2, and for August, it equalled 112.8 kWh/m2. The average thermal gain was found to be in July 163 W/m2 and in August 145 W/m2, respectively. For the considered study period, the average value of energy yield in the solar collector was obtained at the level of 4.28 MJ/(m2·d). The average monthly energy efficiencies of the solar collector in July and August were 45.3% and 32.9%, respectively, while the average monthly exergy efficiencies reached 2.62% and 2.15%, respectively. Increasing the wind speed to 0.86 m/s decreases the thermal efficiency and the exergy efficiency by 67% and 41%, respectively.
Defining T Cell Tissue Residency in Humans: Implications for HIV Pathogenesis and Vaccine Design
Authors: Shacklett Barbara L. , Ferre April L. , Kiniry Brenna E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review summarizes recent literature defining tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) and discusses implications for HIV pathogenesis, vaccines, and eradication efforts.

Recent Findings
Investigations using animal models and human tissues have identified a TRM transcriptional profile and elucidated signals within the tissue microenvironment leading to TRM development and maintenance. TRM are major contributors to host response in infectious diseases and cancer; in addition, TRM contribute to pathogenic inflammation in a variety of settings. Although TRM are daunting to study in HIV infection, recent work has helped define their molecular signatures and effector functions and tested strategies for their mobilization.

Summary
Exclusive reliance on blood sampling to gain an understanding of host immunity overlooks the contribution of TRM, which differ in significant ways from their counterparts in circulation. It is hoped that greater understanding of these cells will lead to novel approaches to prevent and/or eradicate HIV infection.
Promoting Fall Prevention among Community Dwelling Older Adults through ActivLife: a Physical and Social Activation
Authors: Lu Yuan , Chen Yu-Shan Athena , Kozak Dominika , Cornelis Hubert , Partyga Piotr 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFalls have been recognized as the second leading cause of injury or death for older adults. The related economic burden caused by fall related injuries is not negligible. Earlier research has demonstrated that regular participation in appropriate prescribed physical activity by improving upper and lower limb strength, balance, coordination, transfer skills, and reaction to environmental hazards can lower the risk for falls and fall-related fractures and other injuries. Conversely, physical inactivity can significantly double the risk of developing a disability, which will affect mobility as well as the ability to perform even the most basic activities of daily life, therefore, ultimately increases the older adults’ risk for falls.This paper first presents a technological solution ActivLife that aims at preventing older adults from falling through practicing physical training in a safe and playful manner, followed by a randomized controlled study with 43 older adults with an average age of 77 for a period of 16 weeks in a social activation center het Ontmoet en Groethuys in Eindhoven, the Netherlands to demonstrate to what extent ActivLife could help to prevent falling among older adults.
Versatile image-based measurements of granular flows and water wave propagation in experiments of tsunamis generated by landslides
Authors: Bregoli Francesco , Medina Vicente , Bateman Allen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Landslides falling into water bodies can generate destructive waves, which can be classified as tsunamis. An experimental facility to study this phenomenon has been set up. It consists of a landslide generator releasing gravel at high-speed into a wave basin. A non-intrusive system has been designed ad-hoc to be able to measure the high velocity and the geometry of the landslide as well as the generated waves characteristics. The measurement system employs the treatment of images captured by a high-speed camera which records the launched granular material illuminated by a laser sheet. A grid of laser sheets marks the basin water surface. The water has been filled by a small amount of kaolin to properly reflect the laser light at water surface. Thus, by filming with high definition cameras the perturbed water surface and successively processing the resulting images, it has been possible to measure the generated waves. The measurement framework employs a versatile camera calibration technique which allows accurate measurements in presence of: (1) high lens distortions; (2) pronounced non-parallelism condition between camera sensor and plane of measurement coincident with the laser sheet. The maximum resolution of the measurement tool is 0.01 mm, while the maximum uncertainty due to systematic error has been estimated to be 15% for the worst-case scenario. This work improves the suitability of image-based measuring systems in granular flows and free surface hydraulics experiments.

Graphic Abstract
Semi-algebraic properties of Minkowski sums of a twisted cubic segment
Authors: Bik Arthur , Czapliński Adam , Wageringel Markus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe find a semi-algebraic description of the Minkowski sum $$\mathcal {A}_{3,n}$$

A

3
,
n

of n copies of the twisted cubic segment $$\{(t,t^2,t^3)\mid -1\le t\le 1\}$$

{

(
t
,

t
2

,

t
3

)

∣
-
1
≤
t
≤
1
}

for each integer $$n\ge 3$$

n
≥
3

. These descriptions provide efficient membership tests for the sets $$\mathcal {A}_{3,n}$$

A

3
,
n

. These membership tests in turn can be used to resolve some instances of the underdetermined matrix moment problem,
which was formulated by Michael Rubinstein and Peter Sarnak in order to study problems related to L-functions and their zeros.
Inherent Complexities of a Multi-stakeholder Approach to Building Community Resilience
Authors: Adekola Josephine , Fischbacher-Smith Denis , Fischbacher-Smith Moira 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEnhancing community resilience has increasingly involved national and regional governments adopting a multi-stakeholder approach because of the potential interagency benefits. This has led to questions about how best to involve stakeholder groups in translating community resilience policies into practice. This exploratory study contributes to this discussion by addressing two key areas that are fundamental in the concerted effort to build community resilience to natural hazards: (1) stakeholder understanding of community resilience as a concept; and (2) the difficulties associated with the processes of risk assessment and preparedness that stakeholders face locally in building community resilience. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 25 practitioners and experts within Scotland’s resilience community, and were analyzed through an inductive approach to thematic analysis. These data show how the interpretation of community resilience differs across stakeholder groups. Analysis of the data reveals challenges around the nature of the risk assessment and its role in shaping risk perception and communication. Significant complications occur in communicating about low probability-high consequence events, perceived territoriality, competing risk prioritizations, and the challenges of managing hazards within a context of limited resources. The implications of these issues for policy and practice are also discussed.
Small and Medium Enterprises and Global Risks: Evidence from Manufacturing SMEs in Turkey
Authors: Asgary Ali , Ozdemir Ali Ihsan , Özyürek Hale 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study investigated how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in a country perceive major global risks. The aim was to explore how country attributes and circumstances affect SME assessments of the likelihood, impacts, and rankings of global risks, and to find out if SME risk assessment and rankings differ from the global rankings. Data were gathered using an online survey of manufacturing SMEs in Turkey. The results show that global economic risks and geopolitical risks are of major concern for SMEs, and environmental risks are at the bottom of their ranking. Among the economic risks, fiscal crises in key economies and high structural unemployment or underemployment were found to be the highest risks for the SMEs. Failure of regional or global governance, failure of national governance, and interstate conflict with regional consequences were found to be among the top geopolitical risks for the SMEs. The SMEs considered the risk of large-scale cyber-attacks and massive incident of data fraud/theft to be relatively higher than other global technological risks. Profound social instability and failure of urban planning were among the top societal risks for the SMEs. Although the global environmental and disaster risks were ranked lowest on the list, man-made environmental damage and disasters and major natural hazard-induced disasters were ranked the highest among this group of risks. Overall, the results show that SMEs at a country level, for example Turkey, perceive global risks differently than the major global players.