bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household-focused interventions to enhance the treatment and management of HIV in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Mukumbang Ferdinand C. , Knight Lucia , Masquillier Caroline , Delport Anton , Sematlane Neo , Dube Lorraine Tanyaradzwa , Lembani Martina , Wouters Edwin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
HIV remains a major public health challenge in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The initiation of a greater number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) onto antiretroviral therapy (ART) following the World Health Organization’s ‘universal test and treat’ recommendation has the potential to overstretch already challenged health systems in LMICs. While various mainstream and community-based care models have been implemented to improve the treatment outcomes of PLHIV, little effort has been made to harness the potential of the families or households of PLHIV to enhance their treatment outcomes. To this end, we sought to explore the characteristics and effectiveness of household-focused interventions in LMICs on the management of HIV as measured by levels of adherence, viral suppression and different dimensions of HIV competence. Additionally, we sought to explore the mechanisms of change to explain how the interventions achieved the expected outcomes.

Methods
We systematically reviewed the literature published from 2003 to 2018, obtained from six electronic databases. We thematically analysed the 11 selected articles guided by the population, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) framework. Following the generative causality logic, whereby mechanisms are postulated to mediate an intervention and the outcomes, we applied a mechanism-based inferential reasoning, retroduction, to identify the mechanisms underlying the interventions to understand how these interventions are expected to work.

Results
The identified HIV-related interventions with a household focus were multi-component and multi-dimensional, incorporating aspects of information sharing on HIV; improving communication; stimulating social support and promoting mental health. Most of the interventions sought to empower and stimulate self-efficacy while strengthening the perceived social support of the PLHIV. Studies reported a significant positive impact on improving various aspects of HIV competent household – positive effects on HIV knowledge, communication between household members, and improved mental health outcomes of youths living in HIV-affected households.

Conclusion
By aiming to strengthen the perceived social support and self-efficacy of PLHIV, household-focused HIV interventions can address various aspects of household HIV competency. Nevertheless, the role of the household as an enabling resource to improve the outcomes of PLHIV remains largely untapped by public HIV programmes; more research on improving household HIV competency is therefore required.

Trial registration
PROSPERO registration: CRD42018094383.
Round hole, square peg: a discourse analysis of social inequalities and the political legitimization of health technology in Norway
Authors: Weiss Daniel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
As research increasingly investigates the impacts of technological innovations in health on social inequalities, political discourse often promotes development and adoption, limiting an understanding of unintended consequences. This study aimed to investigate national public health policy discourse focusing on innovative health technology and social inequalities, from a Norwegian context.

Methods
The analysis relies on a perspective inspired by critical discourse analysis using central State documents typically influential in the lawmaking procedure.

Results
The results and discussion focus on three major discourse strands: 1) ‘technologies discourse’ (types of technologies), 2) ‘responsibility discourse’ (who has responsibility for health and technology), 3) ‘legitimization discourse’ (how technologies are legitimized).

Conclusions
Results suggest that despite an overt political imperative for reducing social inequalities, the Norwegian national discourse gives little attention to the potential for these innovations to unintentionally (re) produce social inequalities. Instead, it is characterized by neoliberal undertones, individualizing and commercializing public health and promoting pro-innovation ideology.
The effectiveness of workplace nutrition and physical activity interventions in improving productivity, work performance and workability: a systematic review
Authors: Grimani Aikaterini , Aboagye Emmanuel , Kwak Lydia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Healthy lifestyles play an important role in the prevention of premature death, chronic diseases, productivity loss and other social and economic concerns. However, workplace interventions to address issues of fitness and nutrition which include work-related outcomes are complex and thus challenging to implement and appropriately measure the effectiveness of. This systematic review investigated the impact of workplace nutrition and physical activity interventions, which include components aimed at workplace’s physical environment and organizational structure, on employees’ productivity, work performance and workability.

Methods
A systematic review that included randomized controlled trials and or non-randomized controlled studies was conducted. Medline, EMBASE.com, Cochrane Library and Scopus were searched until September 2016. Productivity, absenteeism, presenteeism, work performance and workability were the primary outcomes of our interest, while sedentary behavior and changes in other health-related behaviors were considered as secondary outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and full-texts for study eligibility, extracted the data and performed a quality assessment using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk-of-Bias Tool for randomized trials and the Risk-of-Bias in non-randomized studies of interventions. Findings were narratively synthesized.

Results
Thirty-nine randomized control trials and non-randomized controlled studies were included. Nearly 28% of the included studies were of high quality, while 56% were of medium quality. The studies covered a broad range of multi-level and environmental-level interventions. Fourteen workplace nutrition and physical activity intervention studies yielded statistically significant changes on absenteeism (n = 7), work performance (n = 2), workability (n = 3), productivity (n = 1) and on both workability and productivity (n = 1). Two studies showed effects on absenteeism only between subgroups.

Conclusions
The scientific evidence shows that it is possible to influence work-related outcomes, especially absenteeism, positively through health promotion efforts that include components aimed at the workplace’s physical work environment and organizational structure. In order to draw further conclusions regarding work-related outcomes in controlled high-quality studies, long-term follow-up using objective outcomes and/or quality assured questionnaires are required.

Trial registration
Registration number: PROSPERO CRD42017081837.
Drinking abstinence during a 3-month abstinence campaign in Thailand: weighted analysis of a national representative survey
Authors: Saengow Udomsak 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Temporary drinking abstinence campaigns have emerged globally in recent years. In Western countries, campaigns usually challenge drinkers to abstain for one month. In Thailand, the campaign called the Buddhist Lent Abstinence Campaign has been organized annually since 2003. The campaign encourages Thai people to abstain from drinking for three months during the Buddhist Lent period, which coincides with the monsoon season in Southeast Asia (around July–October). This study aimed to estimate the proportion and number of drinkers changing their drinking behaviours during the 3-month Thai abstinence campaign and to examine the determinants of abstinence.

Methods
The 2016 Buddhist Lent Abstinence Evaluation Survey was analysed. The survey was a national representative survey of Thai populations aged ≥15 years. Weighted data were employed throughout the analysis. The number and proportion of drinkers changing their drinking behaviours were estimated. The determinants of alcohol abstinence during the campaign were explored using weighted logistic regression.

Results
The prevalence of drinking in the Thai population was 34.3% (95% CI: 32.2–36.4%). A third of the current drinkers, equal to almost six million drinkers, abstained completely during the 3-month period. Another six million drinkers partially changed their drinking behaviours (16.3% abstained for a certain period, and 18.7% decreased the quantity of alcohol they consumed). The factors associated with abstinence included religion, occupation, drinking frequency prior to the campaign, type of beverages consumed, perceived harm from alcohol, exposure to campaign media, and making a public commitment.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated the effectiveness of a temporary abstinence campaign in Thailand. The work is part of the growing global evidence on the effectiveness of this type of intervention. Temporary abstinence campaigns could be a potential approach to controlling alcohol consumption and related harms. Further research should focus on the long-term effects of such campaigns.
Ruptured desmoid tumor imitating acute appendicitis – a rare reason for an emergency surgery
Authors: Asenov Yavor , Genadiev Stoyan , Timev Alexander , Panaiotova Jeni , Hadjiiska Valeria , Veselin Tihtchev , Sedloev Theophil 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Desmoid tumors, also known as aggressive fibromatosis, are extremely rare, accounting for less than 3% of soft-tissue sarcomas and less than 0,03% of all neoplasms. The diagnosis is usually delayed because of the lack of specific symptoms, and can sometimes lead to serious and, even fatal complications.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 27-year-old male patient presenting with the clinical picture of acute appendicitis. During the operation, we found a tumor in the jejunum with a necrotic zone and perforation on its surface, causing hemorrhagic effusion into the abdominal cavity and subsequent peritonitis. The tumor was removed with negative margins via resection of the small bowel. The final histological result showed aggressive fibromatosis.

Conclusions
Aggressive fibromatosis remains a serious problem with the possibility of locally aggressive behavior with high rates of recurrence. Sometimes, its clinical and macroscopic recognition can be immensely tricky. As shown by our patient, on rare occasions, desmoid tumors can lead to acute surgical abdomen requiring an emergency operation.
A retrospective analysis of adrenal crisis in steroid-dependent patients: causes, frequency and outcomes
Authors: White Katherine G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Adrenal patients have a lifelong dependency on steroid replacement therapy and are vulnerable to sudden death from undertreated adrenal crisis. Urgent treatment with parenteral steroids is needed, often with IV saline for volume repletion. Episodes of adrenal crisis are, for most patients, relatively infrequent and they may not be well prepared to respond. This study explores how patients recall previous episodes of adrenal crisis and their satisfaction with UK emergency medical treatment.

Methods
We invited members of the main UK support groups representing steroid-dependent adrenal patients to complete an online questionnaire identifying the number, causes and location of previous adrenal crises (episodes needing injected steroids and/or IV fluids). Respondents were asked to rate the adequacy of their medical treatment in 2 successive questionnaires, conducted 2013 and 2017–18.

Results
Vomiting was the major factor identified as a cause of adrenal crisis, indicated by 80% of respondents. The most common location, at 70%, was the home. Of the 30% away from home, 1 in 3 were overseas or travelling long-distance. Self-treatment played an increasing role in emergency response: in the 5 year interval between questionnaires an increasing number of patients self-injected. By the time of the 2017–18 survey self-injection was the most common method of initial treatment, with less than two-thirds travelling to hospital for follow-up medical treatment. This finding help to explain the higher rate of adrenal crisis identified in patient surveys than in hospital records. Satisfaction with medical care received stayed constant between the 2 surveys despite growing resourcing pressures across the NHS. Two-thirds were happy with the quality of the medical treatment they received for their most recent adrenal emergency; timeliness was the main factor influencing satisfaction.

Conclusions
Around one-third of adrenal patients report sub-optimal treatment at emergency medical departments. Medical staff have a low probability of encountering adrenal crisis and may be unfamiliar with either the urgency of adrenal crisis or the specific treatment response it requires. Comprehensive protocols for emergency medical staff with detailed patient education and training are needed in how to respond to this infrequently encountered – but acutely life-threatening – scenario.
Effects of the Proactive interdisciplinary self-management (PRISMA) program on self-reported and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: du Pon Esther , Kleefstra Nanne , Cleveringa Frits , van Dooren Ad , Heerdink Eibert R. , van Dulmen Sandra 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Diabetes self-management education can be helpful for patients with type 2 diabetes in managing their condition. We aimed to study the effects of the group-based PRoactive Interdisciplinary Self-MAnagement (PRISMA) training program on self-reported and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes treated in general practice.

Methods
Persons aged 18 years or older diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and treated in primary care were included. In a randomized controlled trial design (1:1), patients were followed for 6 months with an extension phase of 6 months. Block randomization was used. The patients with type 2 diabetes received either PRISMA in addition to usual care or usual care only. All patients completed a range of validated questionnaires (including knowledge, skills, and confidence for self-management [PAM], diabetes self-care behavior [SDSCA], health-related quality of life [EQ-5D], and emotional well-being [WHO-5]). In addition, clinical outcomes (HbA1c, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and cholesterol levels) were collected during the routine diabetes checkups.

Results
Of the total sample (n = 193), 60.1% were men. The mean age was 69.9 years (SD = 9.1). No significant differences were found on self-reported outcomes between the groups at 0, 6, and 12 months. The clinical outcomes were not reported due to a large number of missing values.

Conclusion
PRISMA did not improve self-reported outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes treated in primary care. It was not possible to make a statement about the clinical effects.

Trial registration
date: 16/07/2014, number: NL4550 (https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/4550).
The relationship between menopausal symptoms and burnout. A cross-sectional study among nurses
Authors: Converso Daniela , Viotti Sara , Sottimano Ilaria , Loera Barbara , Molinengo Giorgia , Guidetti Gloria 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Despite the growing presence of menopausal women in workplaces, studies aimed at exploring the link between menopausal symptoms and job well-being are scarce. In the interest of addressing this gap, the present study aimed to explore whether menopausal symptoms might contribute to increased levels of burnout and whether this relationship can be moderated by social or personal resources.

Method
The study design was cross-sectional and non-randomized. Ninety-four menopausal nurses completed a self-report questionnaire including scales aimed at measuring menopausal symptoms, burnout, social (i.e., support from superiors and colleagues) and personal (i.e., self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism) resources. Moderated regression analyses were performed to test study hypotheses.

Results
Whereas menopausal symptoms were associated significantly with emotional exhaustion, no social or personal resources were found to moderate this relationship. Regarding depersonalization, our study indicated that it was affected by menopausal symptoms only among nurses who reported low social support (from superiors and colleagues), optimism, and resilience.

Conclusion
The present study highlights the importance of organizations that employ a growing number of menopausal women to seek solutions at the individual and social levels that help these women deal with their menopausal transition while working.
Do self-reported pregnancy complications add to risk evaluation in older women with established cardiovascular disease?
Authors: Cederlöf Elin Täufer , Johnston Nina , Leppert Jerzy , Hedberg Pär , Lindahl Bertil , Christersson Christina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
In postmenopausal women with established cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is unknown whether a history of pregnancy complications are related to multisite artery disease (MSAD), defined as atherosclerotic lesions in at least two major vascular beds. Pregnancy complications are an established risk factor for CVD. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of pregnancy complications and their association to specific atherosclerotic manifestations and prediction of MSAD in older women with and without CVD.

Methods
In total, 556 women were invited to participate in the study. Of these women 307 reported former pregnancy from a cohort of women with (n = 233) and without CVD (n = 74). The self-reported frequency of pregnancy complications were surveyed retrospectively by a questionnaire that included miscarriage, subfertility, gestational hypertension (GHT) and/or preeclampsia (PE), low birth weight, preterm birth, bleeding in late pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus and high birth weight. Three vascular beds were examined, the peripheral, carotid and coronary arteries.

Results
The mean age was 67.5 (SD 9.5) years. GHT and/or PE tended to be more common, but not significant, in women with CVD than in women without (20.3% vs 10.8%, p = 0.066). Among women with GHT and/or PE, hypertension later in life were more frequent than in women without (66.7% vs 47.4%, p = 0.010). GHT and/or PE were not associated with specific atherosclerotic manifestations or prediction of MSAD.

Conclusions
In older women with established CVD, pregnancy complications was not associated to specific atherosclerotic manifestations and may not provide additional value to the risk evaluation for MSAD.
Effective fraction of Bletilla striata reduces the inflammatory cytokine production induced by water and organic extracts of airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in vitro
Authors: Zu Yu-Yao , Liu Quan-Fang , Tian Shu-Xin , Jin Li-Xia , Jiang Fu-Sheng , Li Mei-Ya , Zhu Bing-Qi , Ding Zhi-Shan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Bletilla striata is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat hemorrhage, scald, gastric ulcer, pulmonary diseases and inflammations. In this study, we investigated bioactivity of the effective fraction of B. striata (EFB) in reducing the inflammatory cytokine production induced by water or organic extracts of PM2.5.

Methods
PM2.5 extracts were collected and analyzed by chromatographic system and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Cell viability was measured using MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay, and cell supernatant was analyzed by flow cytometry, ELISA, and qRT-PCR in cultured mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 treated with EFB and PM2.5 extracts. Expressions of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were measured by Western blot.

Results
PM2.5 composition is complex and the toxicity of PM2.5 extracts were not noticeable. The treatment of EFB at a wide dose-range of 0–40 μg/mL did not cause significant change of RAW264.7 cell proliferation. EFB pretreatment decreased the inflammatory cytokines in the macrophage. Further analysis showed that EFB significantly attenuated PM2.5-induced proinflammatory protein expression and downregulated the levels of phosphorylated NF-κBp65, inhibitor of kappa B (IκB)-α, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated the potential effectiveness of B. striata extracts for treating PM2.5-triggered pulmonary inflammation.
Simulation-based education improves student self-efficacy in physiotherapy assessment and management of paediatric patients
Authors: Hough Judith , Levan Daniel , Steele Michael , Kelly Kristine , Dalton Megan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Australian Physiotherapy Council mandates that physiotherapy clinical education be sufficient to produce graduates who are competent to practice across the lifespan. Due to a lack of opportunities for paediatric clinical placements, there is a risk of graduates not having the opportunity to develop competency in paediatric physiotherapy. To address this risk, simulation-based education (SBE) has been proposed as an educational strategy to address the placement shortfall. Despite encouraging evidence for its use in physiotherapy education, there is limited evidence supporting its use specifically in paediatric populations. The aims of this research were to investigate the effect of SBE on student self-efficacy in the physiotherapy assessment and management of paediatric clients, and to determine student satisfaction with SBE as a learning strategy.MethodsThree interactive SBE sessions were run during the undergraduate paediatric physiotherapy unit at the campus of one Australian university. Self-efficacy was surveyed before and after each session, to determine confidence in clinical skills, clinical decision-making, treatment preparation and planning, communication skills; evaluating and modifying interventions, and interprofessional practice. Student satisfaction with SBE as a learning strategy was surveyed after the final SBE session.ResultsFor the 164 participants included in this study, self-efficacy survey response rate varied from 77 to 96% for each session. Significant increases in mean student self-efficacy were recorded for all questions (p <  0.001). A total of 139 (85%) responded to the learning reactionnaire with 78.6% indicating they were very satisfied with SBE as a learning strategy. Written comments from 41 participants identified ‘experience’ as the primary theme.ConclusionSBE had a significant positive effect on student self-efficacy in the physiotherapy assessment and management of paediatric patients. Students also perceived SBE to be a valuable learning experience. Future research is needed to investigate whether the improvement in self-efficacy achieved through SBE translates into improved student performance during workplace-based clinical placements.