bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High temporal resolution of leaf area data improves empirical estimation of grain yield
Authors: Waldner François , Horan Heidi , Chen Yang , Hochman Zvi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEmpirical yield estimation from satellite data has long lacked suitable combinations of spatial and temporal resolutions. Consequently, the selection of metrics,i.e., temporal descriptors that predict grain yield, has likely been driven by practicality and data availability rather than by systematic targetting of critically sensitive periods as suggested by knowledge of crop physiology. The current trend towards hyper-temporal data raises two questions: How does temporality affect the accuracy of empirical models? Which metrics achieve optimal performance? We followed anin silicoapproach based on crop modelling which can generate any observation frequency, explore a range of growing conditions and reduce the cost of measuring yieldsin situ. We simulated wheat crops across Australia and regressed six types of metrics derived from the resulting time series of Leaf Area Index (LAI) against wheat yields. Empirical models using advanced LAI metrics achieved national relevance and, contrary to simple metrics, did not benefit from the addition of weather information. This suggests that they already integrate most climatic effects on yield. Simple metrics remained the best choice when LAI data are sparse. As we progress into a data-rich era, our results support a shift towards metrics that truly harness the temporal dimension of LAI data.
Identification and evolution of glucosinolate sulfatases in a specialist flea beetle
Authors: Ahn Seung-Joon , Betzin Franziska , Gikonyo Matilda W. , Yang Zhi-Ling , Köllner Tobias G. , Beran Franziska 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGlucosinolates, a characteristic group of specialized metabolites found in Brassicales plants, are converted to toxic isothiocyanates upon herbivory. Several insect herbivores, including the cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala), prevent glucosinolate activation by forming desulfo-glucosinolates. Here we investigated the molecular basis of glucosinolate desulfation in P. chrysocephala, an important pest of oilseed rape. Enzyme activity assays with crude beetle protein extracts revealed that glucosinolate sulfatase (GSS) activity is associated with the gut membrane and has narrow substrate specificity towards the benzenic glucosinolate sinalbin. In agreement with GSS activity localization in vivo, we identified six genes encoding arylsulfatase-like enzymes with a predicted C-terminal transmembrane domain, of which five showed GSS activity upon heterologous expression in insect cells. PcGSS1 and PcGSS2 used sinalbin and indol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate as substrates, respectively, whereas PcGSS3, PcGSS4, and PcGSS5 showed weak activity in enzyme assays. RNAi-mediated knock-down of PcGSS1 and PcGSS2 expression in adult beetles confirmed their function in vivo. In a phylogenetic analysis of coleopteran and lepidopteran arylsulfatases, the P. chrysocephala GSSs formed a cluster within a coleopteran-specific sulfatase clade distant from the previously identified GSSs of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, suggesting an independent evolution of GSS activity in ermine moths and flea beetles.
Optimal crosstalk suppression in multicore fibers
Authors: Jaramillo Ávila B. , Torres J. M. , León-Montiel R. de J. , Rodríguez-Lara B. M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe study propagation in a cyclic symmetric multicore fiber where the core radii randomly fluctuate along the propagation direction. We propose a hybrid analytic-numerical method to optimize the amplitude and frequency of the fluctuations that suppress power transfer between outer and inner cores. This framework allows us to analytically find noise amplitude parameters that optimally suppress crosstalk. Our predictions are confirmed by numerical experiments using finite difference beam propagation methods for realistic C-band fibers. The analytic part of our method is general, provides the optimum fluctuation amplitude independent of the array geometry, as long as normal modes can be calculated. It works for both correlated and uncorrelated fluctuations allowing its use for any given optical system described by coupled mode theory.
Reticular Dysgenesis and Mitochondriopathy Induced by Adenylate Kinase 2 Deficiency with Atypical Presentation
Authors: Ghaloul-Gonzalez Lina , Mohsen Al-Walid , Karunanidhi Anuradha , Seminotti Bianca , Chong Hey , Madan-Khetarpal Suneeta , Sebastian Jessica , Vockley Catherine Walsh , Reyes-Múgica Miguel , Vander Lugt Mark T. , Vockley Jerry 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReticular dysgenesis is an autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) that usually manifests in newborns. It is a unique example of an immune deficiency that is linked to dysfunctional mitochondrial energy metabolism and caused by adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) deficiency. It is characterized by an early differentiation arrest in the myeloid lineage, impaired lymphoid maturation, and sensorineural hearing loss. In this study, a novel AK2 homozygous mutation, c.622 T > C [p.Ser208Pro], was identified in an Old Order Amish patient through whole exome sequencing. Functional studies showed that the patient’s cells have no detectable AK2 protein, as well as low oxygen consumption rate (OCR), extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and proton production rate (PPR). An increased production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane permeability, and mitochondrial mass, and decreased ATP production, were also observed. The results confirm the pathogenicity of the AK2 mutation and demonstrate that reticular dysgenesis should be considered in Amish individuals presenting with immune deficiency. We also describe other pathophysiological aspects of AK2 deficiency not previously reported.
Real time study of grain enlargement in zirconium under room-temperature compression across the α to ω phase transition
Authors: Popov Dmitry , Velisavljevic Nenad , Liu Wenjun , Hrubiak Rostislav , Park Changyong , Shen Guoyin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe report a synchrotron Laue diffraction study on the microstructure evolution in zirconium (Zr) as it undergoes a pressure-driven structural phase transformation, using a recently developed real time scanning x-ray microscopy technique. Time resolved characterizations of microstructure under high pressure show that Zr exhibits a grain enlargement across the α-Zr to ω-Zr structural phase transition at room-temperature, with nucleation and growth of ω-Zr crystals observed from initially a nano-crystalline aggregate of α-Zr. The observed grain enlargement is unusual since the enlargement processes typically require substantially high temperature to overcome the activation barriers for forming and moving of grain boundaries. Possible mechanisms for the grain enlargement are discussed.
Effect of shell structure of Ti-immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography core-shell magnetic particles for phosphopeptide enrichment
Authors: Capriotti Anna Laura , Antonelli Michela , Antonioli Diego , Cavaliere Chiara , Chiarcos Riccardo , Gianotti Valentina , Piovesana Susy , Sparnacci Katia , Laus Michele , Laganà Aldo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMagnetic materials in sample preparation for shotgun phosphoproteomics offer several advantages over conventional systems, as the enrichment can be achieved directly in solution, but they still suffer from some drawbacks, due to limited stability and selectivity, which is supposed to be affected by the hydrophilicity of the polymeric supports used for cation immobilization. The paper describes the development of an improved magnetic material with increased stability, thanks to a two-step covering of the magnetic core, for the enrichment of phosphopeptides in biological samples. Four materials were prepared featuring a polymeric shell with tunable hydrophilicity, obtained by “grafting from” polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate with 0–8.3% of polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA), the latter used to modulate the hydrophilicity of the material surface. Finally, the materials were functionalized with iminodiacetic acid for Ti4+ ion immobilization. The materials were analyzed for their composition by a combination of CHN elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis, also hyphenated to gas chromatography and mass spectrometric detection. Surface characteristics were evaluated by water contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. These materials were applied to the enrichment of phosphopeptides from yeast protein digests. Peptides were identified by proteomics techniques using nano-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and bioinformatics. Qualitatively the peptides identified by the four systems were comparable, with 1606–1693 phosphopeptide identifications and a selectivity of 47–54% for all materials. The physico-chemical features of the identified peptides were also the same for the four materials. In particular, the grand average of hydropathy index values indicated that the enriched phosphopeptides were hydrophilic (ca. 90%), and only some co-enriched non-phosphorylated peptides were hydrophobic (21–28%), regardless of the material used for enrichment. Peptides had a pI ≤ 7, which indicated a well-known bias for acidic peptides binding, attributed to the interaction with the metal center itself. The results indicated that the enrichment of phosphopeptides and the co-enrichment of non-phosphorylated peptides is mainly driven by interactions with Ti4+ and does not depend on the amount of PEGMA chains in the polymer shell.
Phonon laser in a cavity magnomechanical system
Authors: Ding Ming-Song , Zheng Li , Li Chong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUsing phonons to simulate an optical two-level laser action has been the focus of research. We theoretically study phonon laser in a cavity magnomechanical system, which consist of a microwave cavity, a sphere of magnetic material and a uniform external bias magnetic field. This system can realize the phonon-magnon coupling and the cavity photon-magnon coupling via magnetostrictive interaction and magnetic dipole interaction respectively, the magnons are driven directly by a strong microwave field simultaneously. Frist, the intensity of driving magnetic field which can reach the threshold condition of phonon laser is given. Then, we demonstrate that the adjustable external magnetic field can be used as a good control method to the phonon laser. Compared with phonon laser in optomechanical systems, our scheme brings a new degree of freedom of manipulation. Finally, with the experimentally feasible parameters, threshold power in our scheme is close to the case of optomechanical systems. Our study may inspire the field of magnetically controlled phonon lasers.
Inflammation Mediates Body Weight and Ageing Effects on Psychomotor Slowing
Authors: Balter Leonie J. T. , Higgs Suzanne , Aldred Sarah , Bosch Jos A. , Raymond Jane E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInflammation (immune system activation) affects neuronal function and may have consequences for the efficiency and speed of functional brain processes. Indeed, unusually slow psychomotor speed, a measure predictive of behavioural performance and health outcomes, is found with obesity and ageing, two conditions also associated with chronic inflammation. Yet whether inflammation is the mediating factor remains unclear. Here, we assessed inflammation by indexing interleukin-6 level in blood and measured psychomotor speed as well as indices of selective visual attention in young (mean = 26 years) or old (mean = 71 years) adults (N = 83) who were either lean or currently significantly overweight (mean body mass index = 22.4 and 33.8, respectively). Inflammation was positively and significantly correlated with psychomotor speed, age, and body mass index but not with attention measures. Using mediation analyses we show for the first time that inflammation fully accounts for the significant psychomotor slowing found in those with high BMI. Moreover, we further show that age-related psychomotor slowing is partially mediated by inflammation. These findings support the proposal that reducing inflammation may mitigate weight- and age-related cognitive decline and thereby improve performance on daily tasks and health outcomes more generally.
Mitochondria damaged by Oxygen Glucose Deprivation can be Restored through Activation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway and Inhibition of Calcium Influx by Amlodipine Camsylate
Authors: Park Hyun-Hee , Han Myung-Hoon , Choi Hojin , Lee Young Joo , Kim Jae Min , Cheong Jin Hwan , Ryu Je Il , Lee Kyu-Yong , Koh Seong-Ho 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAmlodipine, a L-type calcium channel blocker, has been reported to have a neuroprotective effect in brain ischemia. Mitochondrial calcium overload leads to apoptosis of cells in neurologic diseases. We evaluated the neuroprotective effects of amlodipine camsylate (AC) on neural stem cells (NSCs) injured by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) with a focus on mitochondrial structure and function. NSCs were isolated from rodent embryonic brains. Effects of AC on cell viability, proliferation, level of free radicals, and expression of intracellular signaling proteins were assessed in OGD-injured NSCs. We also investigated the effect of AC on mitochondrial structure in NSCs under OGD by transmission electron microscopy. AC increased the viability and proliferation of NSCs. This beneficial effect of AC was achieved by strong protection of mitochondria. AC markedly enhanced the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins and mitochondrial anti-apoptosis proteins. Together, our results indicate that AC protects OGD-injured NSCs by protecting mitochondrial structure and function. The results of the present study provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of AC on NSCs.
Optimal Inhibition of Choroidal Neovascularization by scAAV2 with VMD2 Promoter-driven Active Rap1a in the RPE
Authors: Wang Haibo , Kunz Eric , Stoddard Gregory J. , Hauswirth William W. , Hartnett M. Elizabeth 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial chronic disease that requires long term treatment. Gene therapy is being considered as a promising tool to treat AMD. We found that increased activation of Rap1a in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) reduces oxidative signaling to maintain barrier integrity of the RPE and resist neural sensory retinal angiogenesis from choroidal endothelial cell invasion. To optimally deliver constitutively active Rap1a (CARap1a) into the RPE of wild type mice, self-complementary AAV2 (scAAV2) vectors driven by two different promoters, RPE65 or VMD2, were generated and tested for optimal active Rap1a expression and inhibition of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) induced by laser injury. scAAV2-VMD2, but not scAAV2-RPE65, specifically and efficiently transduced the RPE to increase active Rap1a protein in the RPE. Mice with increased Rap1a from the scAAV2-VMD2-CARap1a had a significant reduction in CNV compared to controls. Increased active Rap1a in the RPE in vivo or in vitro inhibited inflammatory and angiogenic signaling determined by decreased activation of NF-κB and expression of VEGF without causing increased cell death or autophagy measured by increased LCA3/B. Our study provides a potential future strategy to deliver active Rap1a to the RPE in order to protect against both atrophic and neovascular AMD.
Internet addiction and functional brain networks: task-related fMRI study
Authors: Darnai Gergely , Perlaki Gábor , Zsidó András N. , Inhóf Orsolya , Orsi Gergely , Horváth Réka , Nagy Szilvia Anett , Lábadi Beatrix , Tényi Dalma , Kovács Norbert , Dóczi Tamás , Demetrovics Zsolt , Janszky József 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA common brain-related feature of addictions is the altered function of higher-order brain networks. Growing evidence suggests that Internet-related addictions are also associated with breakdown of functional brain networks. Taking into consideration the limited number of studies used in previous studies in Internet addiction (IA), our aim was to investigate the functional correlates of IA in the default mode network (DMN) and in the inhibitory control network (ICN). To observe these relationships, task-related fMRI responses to verbal Stroop and non-verbal Stroop-like tasks were measured in 60 healthy university students. The Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (PIUQ) was used to assess IA. We found significant deactivations in areas related to the DMN (precuneus, posterior cingulate gyrus) and these areas were negatively correlated with PIUQ during incongruent stimuli. In Stroop task the incongruent_minus_congruent contrast showed positive correlation with PIUQ in areas related to the ICN (left inferior frontal gyrus, left frontal pole, left central opercular, left frontal opercular, left frontal orbital and left insular cortex). Altered DMN might explain some comorbid symptoms and might predict treatment outcomes, while altered ICN may be the reason for having difficulties in stopping and controlling overuse.
Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Redox Gene Network Indicates Evolutionary Expansion of Class III Peroxidase in Plants
Authors: Oliveira Raffael Azevedo de Carvalho , de Andrade Abraão Silveira , Imparato Danilo Oliveira , de Lima Juliana Gabriela Silva , de Almeida Ricardo Victor Machado , Lima João Paulo Matos Santos , Pasquali Matheus Augusto de Bittencourt , Dalmolin Rodrigo Juliani Siqueira 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of aerobic metabolism and may cause oxidative damage to biomolecules. Plants have a complex redox system, involving enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds. The evolutionary origin of enzymatic antioxidant defense in plants is yet unclear. Here, we describe the redox gene network for A. thaliana and investigate the evolutionary origin of this network. We gathered from public repositories 246 A. thaliana genes directly involved with ROS metabolism and proposed an A. thaliana redox gene network. Using orthology information of 238 Eukaryotes from STRINGdb, we inferred the evolutionary root of each gene to reconstruct the evolutionary history of A. thaliana antioxidant gene network. We found two interconnected clusters: one formed by SOD-related, Thiol-redox, peroxidases, and other oxido-reductase; and the other formed entirely by class III peroxidases. Each cluster emerged in different periods of evolution: the cluster formed by SOD-related, Thiol-redox, peroxidases, and other oxido-reductase emerged before opisthokonta-plant divergence; the cluster composed by class III peroxidases emerged after opisthokonta-plant divergence and therefore contained the most recent network components. According to our results, class III peroxidases are in expansion throughout plant evolution, with new orthologs emerging in each evaluated plant clade divergence.
Hepatic Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 deficiency-mediated activation of mTORC1- PGC-1α axis regulates ER stress during high-carbohydrate feeding
Authors: Aljohani Ahmed , Khan Mohammad Imran , Syed Deeba N. , Abram Bonneville , Lewis Sarah , Neill Lucas O’ , Mukhtar Hasan , Ntambi James M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a key enzyme in lipogenesis as it catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), mainly oleate (18:1n9) and palmitoleate (16:1n7) from saturated fatty acids (SFA), stearate (18:0) and palmitate (16:0), respectively. Studies on SCD1 deficiency in mouse models demonstrated beneficial metabolic phenotypes such as reduced adiposity and improved glucose tolerance. Even though, SCD1 represents a potential target to resolve obesity related metabolic diseases; SCD1 deficiency causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activates unfolded protein response (UPR). The induction of ER stress in response to SCD1 deficiency is governed by the cofactor, PGC-1α. However, the mechanism by which SCD1 deficiency increases PGC-1α and subsequently induces ER stress still remains elusive. The present study demonstrates that despite reduced lipogenesis, liver specific SCD1 deficiency activates the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) along with induction of PGC-1α and ER stress. Further, mTORC1 inhibition attenuates SCD1 deficiency-mediated induction of both PGC-1α and ER stress. Similar observations were seen by restoring endogenously synthesized oleate, but not palmitoleate, suggesting a clear mTORC1-mediated regulation of ER stress during SCD1 deficiency. Overall, our results suggest a model whereby maintaining adequate levels of hepatic oleate is required to suppress mTORC1-mediated ER stress. In addition, the activation of mTORC1 by SCD1 deficiency reveals an important function of fatty acids in regulating different cellular processes through mTORC1 signaling.
Invertierte in vitro konfokale Mikroskopie bei mykotischer Keratitis mit Hornhaut-Endothel-Epithel-Dekompensation
Authors: Daas Loay , Seitz Berthold , Zimpfer Annette , Bischoff Mona , Viestenz Arne 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Sensitivität der konfokalen Mikroskopie liegt zwischen 80 und 90% und damit über der Sensitivität der Erregeridentifizierung mittels Kultur. Typischerweise kann mittels in vivo konfokaler Mikroskopie bereits am Tag der Aufnahme eine mykotische Keratitis nicht invasiv und atraumatisch diagnostiziert werden. Wir stellen eine Patientin vor mit einem Hornhautulkus im Bereich des Transplantats, ausgeprägter Hornhaut-Endothel-Epithel-Dekompensation (HEED) und retrokornealen Pilzzapfen bei Zustand nach Re-Keratoplastik vor 5 Jahren bei chronischer Transplantatabstoßungsreaktion wegen HEED bei Fuchsʼscher Endotheldystrophie. Klinisch bestand der Verdacht auf eine mykotische Keratitis. Die konventionelle en face konfokale Mikroskopie zeigte initial keine Pilzhyphen. Aufgrund des ausgeprägten Hornhautödems konnten wir erst nach einer Re-Re-Keratoplastik mittels der invertierten in vitro konfokalen Mikroskopie die Pilzhyphen im hinteren Hornhautstroma am Operationstag nachweisen. Die Histologie bestätigte die Diagnose der Keratomykose.
Evaluation der automatisierten Messung von ischämischen Veränderungen der Makula bei diabetischer Makulopathie
Authors: Enders Christian , Baeurle Franziska , Lang Gabriele E. , Dreyhaupt Jens , Trick Simon , Lang Gerhard K. , Werner Jens Ulrich 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Vergleich der automatisierten mit der manuellen Ausmessung der fovealen avaskulären Zone in der optischen Kohärenztomografie-Angiografie (OCTA) bei Patienten mit diabetischer Retinopathie (DR).
Material und Methoden Konsekutiv untersuchte Patienten mit nicht proliferativer DR wurden in diese Studie aufgenommen. Alle Patienten erhielten eine OCTA, wobei ein 3 × 3-mm-Scan der Makula mit dem Zeiss OCT CIRRUS 5000 mit dem AngioPlex-Modul aufgenommen wurde. Die Größe der fovealen avaskulären Zone (FAZ) wurde manuell sowie mithilfe der automatisierten Ausmessung Metrix ermittelt und zwischen den beiden Messmethoden verglichen. Zusätzlich wurde der in Metrix ermittelte Zirkularitätsindex mit dem Umfang und der Fläche der FAZ auf Korrelationen untersucht.
Ergebnisse 34 Augen von 28 Patienten mit nicht proliferativer diabetischer Retinopathie mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 63 Jahren wurden eingeschlossen. Die mittlere Größe der fovealen avaskulären Zone betrug 0,34 ± 0,12 mm2 (0,08 – 0,65 mm2) bei der manuellen Auswertung und 0,23 ± 0,11 mm2 (Bereich 0,03 – 0,49 mm2) in Metrix. Der Zirkularitätsindex in Metrix betrug im Mittel 0,58 und zeigte eine statistisch signifikante Korrelation mit dem Umfang der manuell gemessenen FAZ.
Schlussfolgerung Es zeigte sich eine gute Übereinstimmung für die Größe der FAZ in beiden Messmethoden. Die automatisierte Messung mit Metrix kann bei einem Großteil der Patienten sowohl anhand der berechneten Fläche als auch des Umfangs und des Zirkularitätsindexes Veränderungen der FAZ zuverlässig darstellen.