bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial-spectral hyperspectral image classification based on information measurement and CNN
Authors: Lin Lianlei , Chen Cailu , Xu Tiejun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn order to construct virtual land environment for virtual test, we propose a construction method of virtual land environment using multi-satellite remote sensing data, the key step of which is accurate recognition of ground object. In this paper, a method of ground object recognition based on hyperspectral image (HSI) was proposed, i.e., a HSI classification method based on information measure and convolutional neural networks (CNN) combined with spatial-spectral information. Firstly, the most important three spectra of the hyperspectral image was selected based on information measure. Specifically, the entropy and color-matching functions were applied to determine the candidate spectra sets from all the spectra of the hyperspectral image. Then three spectra with the largest amount of information were selected through the minimum mutual information. Through the above two steps, the dimensionality reduction for hyperspectral images was effectively achieved. Based on the three selected spectra, the CNN network input combined with the spatial-spectral information was designed. Two input strategies were designed: (1) The patch surrounding the pixel to be classified was directly intercepted from the grayscale images of the three selected spectra. (2) In order to highlight the effect of the spectrum of the pixel to be classified, all the spectral components of this pixel were superimposed on the patch obtained by the previous strategy. As a result, a new patch with more prominent spectral components of the pixel to be classified was obtained. Using the two public hyperspectral datasets, Salinas and Pavia Center, the experiments of on both parameter selection and classification performance were performed to verify that the proposed methods had better classification performance.
What is the effectiveness of various invitation methods to a colonoscopy in the early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer? Protocol of a systematic review
Authors: Stark Undine Antonia , Frese Thomas , Unverzagt Susanne , Bauer Alexander 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer, a prevalent malignancy worldwide, is associated with numerous modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors that play a role in the early detection and successful treatment of cancer. Despite improvements in the availability and quality of screening methods, especially colonoscopy, and the substantial survival benefits of the early detection of colorectal cancer, patient participation remains low due to clinical reasons and patient barriers. Studies around the world have used various methods of invitation in order to promote patient uptake of colonoscopies. The main objective of this systematic review is to analyze the association between certain invitation procedures, the participation in colonoscopies, and important patient outcomes in the early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer.

Method
We will systematically search in electronic databases including Medline via PubMed and Ovid, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Cochrane Library. All studies will be described in a table of study characteristics with a risk of bias assessment. In addition, two authors will independently rate the overall quality of evidence for the critical outcomes using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group approach. Discrepancies regarding the inclusion of studies, data extraction, or risk of bias assessment will be resolved independently by one other reviewer. Due to the heterogeneous design of the studies that will be evaluated in this review, synthesizing data from these studies in the form of a meta-analysis may not be possible. In this instance, we can conduct a descriptive synthesis of data from these studies.

Discussion
The results that arise from this systematic review will reflect the influence that various invitation procedures to a colonoscopy have on patient participation in these screenings. Drawing conclusions about the efficiency of various invitation methods to a colonoscopy can provide valuable information to both clinicians and patients and may not only improve future invitation-based patient recruitment to colonoscopy screenings, but also shape guidelines regarding prevention of colorectal cancer.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42019128645
Low-rate DoS attack detection based on two-step cluster analysis and UTR analysis
Authors: Tang Dan , Dai Rui , Tang Liu , Li Xiong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Low-rate denial of service (LDoS) attacks send attacking bursts intermittently to the network which can severely degrade the victim system’s Quality of Service (QoS). The low-rate nature of such attacks complicates attack detection. LDoS attacks repeatedly trigger the congestion control mechanism, which can make TCP traffic extremely unstable. This paper investigates the network traffic’ characteristics, in which variance and entropy are used to evaluate the TCP traffic’s characteristics, and the ratio of UDP traffic to TCP traffic (UTR) is also analyzed. Thus, a detection method combining two-step cluster analysis and UTR analysis is proposed. Through two-step cluster analysis which is one of the machine learning algorithms, network traffic is divided into multiple clusters and then clusters subjected to LDoS attacks are determined using UTR analysis. NS2 simulation platform and test-bed network environment aim to evaluate the detection approach’s performance. To better assess the effectiveness of the method, public dataset WIDE is also utilized. Experimental results with a good performance prove that the proposed detection approach can accurately detect LDoS attacks.
Experimental evidence on biodiversity impacts of variable retention forestry, prescribed burning, and deadwood manipulation in Fennoscandia
Authors: Koivula Matti , Vanha-Majamaa Ilkka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntensive forest management has been applied in most Fennoscandian forests for a period of almost one felling rotation. This paradigm has produced even-aged and even-structured forests of different successional stages that cover about 90% of forest land. At the same time, wildfires have been nearly eliminated in most of the Fennoscandian nature. Consequently, hundreds of species are red-listed because of forest management. To support these species, forest management requires improvements. Variable retention forestry and habitat restoration have been suggested to mitigate negative effects of forest management on biodiversity, and these have been practiced to some extent during the past few decades. Here, we review experimental results on the effects of variable retention and two restoration measures (prescribed burning and artificial addition of coarse woody debris) on different species groups in Fennoscandia. Our key findings are as follows: (i) Many species respond positively to felling within a few years, apparently due to released and often ephemeral resources, such as fresh residue and stumps. Species associated with shady conditions are negatively impacted, but any retention supports many of these, and their species composition remains almost unaffected with 50–70% retention of the initial tree volume. (ii) These effects remain detectable for at least 10–30 years or, according to some studies, nearly 100 years, e.g., in polypore fungi. (iii) Initial effects of prescribed burning on most species groups (apart from pyrophiles) are negative, but within 10–15 years post-fire sites begin to support many rare and threatened deadwood-dependent species. Epiphytic lichens, however, remain negatively affected. (iv) Artificial addition of deadwood (mostly high stumps) supports a wide spectrum of deadwood-dependent species, but the species composition differs from that of naturally died trees. (v) Moisture and micro-habitat variation are crucial for forest species at harvested sites, at least in forests dominated by Norway spruce. We conclude that felling method as such is of little importance for threatened forest species, although retention mitigates many negative effects. These species require microclimatic continuity, and maintenance and active increase of legacies, such as deadwood of different qualities (species, downed/standing, snag/log/stump, decay stage), very old trees, and tree species mixtures.
AMPK-mTOR pathway is involved in glucose-modulated amino acid sensing and utilization in the mammary glands of lactating goats
Authors: Cai Jie , Wang Diming , Zhao Feng-Qi , Liang Shulin , Liu Jianxin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe local supply of energy-yielding nutrients such as glucose seems to affect the synthesis of milk components in the mammary gland (MG). Thus, our study was conducted to investigate the effects of locally available MG glucose supply (LMGS) on amino acid (AA) sensing and utilization in the MG of lactating dairy goats. Six dosages of glucose (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 g/d) were infused into the MG through the external pudendal artery to investigate the dose-dependent changes in mammary AA uptake and utilization (Exp.1) and the changes in mRNA and protein expression of the AMPK-mTOR pathway (Expt.2).ResultsIn Exp.1, total milk AA concentration was highest when goats were infused with 60 g/d glucose, but lower when goats were infused with 0 and 100 g/d glucose. Increasing LMGS quadratically changed the percentages of αS2-casein and α-lactalbumin in milk protein, which increased with infusions from 0 to 60 g/d glucose and then decreased with infusions between 60 and 100 g/d glucose. The LMGS changed the AA availability and intramammary gland AA utilization, as reflected by the mammary AA flux indexes. In Exp.2, the mRNA expression ofLALBAin the MG increased quadratically with increasing LMGS, with the highest expression at dose of 60 g/d glucose. A high glucose dosage (100 g/d) activated the general control nonderepressible 2 kinase, an intracellular sensor of AA status, resulting in a reduced total milk AA concentration.ConclusionsOur new findings suggest that the lactating MG in dairy goats may be affected by LMGS through regulation of the AA sensory pathway, AA utilization and protein synthesis, all being driven by the AMPK-mTOR pathway.
Estimating relative biomasses of organisms in microbiota using “phylopeptidomics”
Authors: Pible Olivier , Allain François , Jouffret Virginie , Culotta Karen , Miotello Guylaine , Armengaud Jean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
There is an important need for the development of fast and robust methods to quantify the diversity and temporal dynamics of microbial communities in complex environmental samples. Because tandem mass spectrometry allows rapid inspection of protein content, metaproteomics is increasingly used for the phenotypic analysis of microbiota across many fields, including biotechnology, environmental ecology, and medicine.

Results
Here, we present a new method for identifying the biomass contribution of any given organism based on a signature describing the number of peptide sequences shared with all other organisms, calculated by mathematical modeling and phylogenetic relationships. This so-called “phylopeptidomics” principle allows for the calculation of the relative ratios of peptide-specified taxa by the linear combination of such signatures applied to an experimental metaproteomic dataset. We illustrate its efficiency using artificial mixtures of two closely related pathogens of clinical interest, and with more complex microbiota models.

Conclusions
This approach paves the way to a new vision of taxonomic changes and accurate label-free quantitative metaproteomics for fine-tuned functional characterization.
Measuring the passive cuticular membrane permeability of potassium with a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay and the implications for foliar nutrient formulations
Authors: He Qingwen , Rezai Taha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA modified PAMPA (parallel artificial membrane permeability assay) is proposed for evaluating the passive cuticular membrane permeability of potassium in several foliar nutrient formulations. The modified PAMPA can measure the passive permeability of ionic nutrients under fully hydrated conditions through an artificial membrane designed to more closely resemble a plant cuticle, rather than the traditional phospholipid animal model. Foliar nutrient formulations, which in some cases contain a complex organic matter component, may be evaluated with the modified PAMPA in order to develop better structure activity relationships that can help guide rational formulation development. In addition, mechanistic insights may also be uncovered with the simplified system.
Praxis pedagogy in teacher education
Authors: Arnold Julie , Mundy Brian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper presents and analyses a pedagogical model which focuses on ‘praxis’. Portfolio dialogue, case writing and signature pedagogy mapping are all identified as central to this model. These pedagogical practices intend to create a possibility of orientation rather than a lineal hierarchy of outcomes for pre-service teachers. Part of this paper reports on data received from final year preservice teachers regarding their portfolio discussions and considers the presence and the contributions of the signature pedagogies. New knowledge concerning planning of practice through visual modes may assist staff and students via critical, dialogical and a praxis views within teacher education.
A two-component system gene SACE_0101 regulates copper homeostasis in Saccharopolyspora erythraea
Authors: Qiao Lijia , Li Xiaobo , Ke Xiang , Chu Ju 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Saccharopolyspora erythraea (S. erythraea) is a Gram-positive bacterium widely used for the production of erythromycin, a potent macrolide antibiotic. However, the mechanism behind erythromycin production is poorly understood. In the high erythromycin-producer strain S. erythraea HL3168 E3, the level of copper ions positively correlates with erythromycin production. To explain this correlation, we performed a genome-based comparison between the wild-type strain NRRL23338 and the mutant strain HL3168 E3, and further characterized the identified gene(s) by targeted genome editing, mRNA transcript analysis, and functional analysis.

Results
The response regulator of the two-component system (TCS) encoded by the gene SACE_0101 in S. erythraea showed high similarity with CopR of TCS CopRS in Streptomyces coelicolor, which is involved in the regulation of copper metabolism. The deletion of SACE_0101 was beneficial for erythromycin synthesis most likely by causing changes in the intracellular copper homeostasis, leading to enhanced erythromycin production. In addition, Cu2+ supplementation and gene expression analysis suggested that SACE_0101 may be involved in the regulation of copper homeostasis and erythromycin production.

Conclusions
The mutation of SACE_0101 gene increased the yield of erythromycin, especially upon the addition of copper ions. Therefore, the two-component system gene SACE_0101 plays a crucial role in regulating copper homeostasis and erythromycin synthesis in S. erythraea.
Perianesthetic death: a 10-year retrospective observational study in a Japanese university hospital
Authors: Sato Mariko , Ida Mitsuru , Naito Yusuke , Kawaguchi Masahiko 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Studies reporting on perianesthetic death and anesthesia-related death are limited. The present study aimed to assess the incidence of perianesthetic death and its relation to anesthesia and to describe the patient characteristics and main events leading to death in cases of anesthesia-related death and anesthesia-contributory death.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients in whom anesthesia procedures were performed by anesthesiologists at a Japanese tertiary hospital between January 2008 and December 2017. Perianesthetic death was defined as death occurring within 48 h of an anesthetic, and it was divided into the following three categories: anesthesia-related death, anesthesia-contributory death, and nonanesthesia-related death. Patient demographics and perioperative factors were analyzed in cases of anesthesia-related death and anesthesia-contributory death.

Results
Among 46,378 patients who underwent anesthetics, 41 experienced perianesthetic death, with an incidence of 8.8/10,000 anesthetics (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.1–11.6). No patient experienced anesthesia-related death, whereas 10 experienced anesthesia-contributory death, with an incidence of 2.1/10,000 (95% CI, 0.69–3.6), and 31 experienced nonanesthesia-related death, with an incidence of 6.8/10,000 (95% CI, 4.2–9.1). The events leading to anesthesia-contributory death were hypovolemia, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and respiratory failure, and they occurred during anesthesia maintenance in 5 patients and after surgery in 5 patients.

Conclusions
The incidence of perianesthetic death was 8.8/10,000 anesthetics; however, anesthesia-related death was not detected. Ten patients experienced anesthesia-contributory death, and hypovolemia during or after surgery was most frequently associated with anesthesia-contributory death.
Efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungi; Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)
Authors: Ozdemir Ismail Oguz , Tuncer Celal , Erper Ismail , Kushiyev Rahman 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe efficacy of the two entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae (TR 106) and Beauveria bassiana (TR 217), was tested against the adults of the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in laboratory. Two concentrations of conidial suspensions (1 × 106 and 1 × 108 conidia/ml) of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana isolates were directly applied on four pairs of adult beetles in Petri dishes (2 ml/dish) and then incubated at two different climatic regimes; 22±1 °C and 26 ± 1 °C with 70 ± 5% RH, 16:8 h light-to-dark. Lethal time values (LT50 and LT90) were calculated using probit analysis. As a result, the LT50 and LT90 values of M. anisopliae (1 × 108 conidia/ml) were 4.45 and 5.34 days at 26 °C and 5.17 and 6.15 days at 22 °C, respectively. LT50 and LT90 values of B. bassiana (1 × 108 conidia/ml) were 4.07 and 5.11 days at 26 °C and 4.07 and 5.41 days at 22 °C, respectively. LT50 and LT90 values of M. anisopliae (1 × 106 conidia/ml) were 5.42 and 6.43 days at 26 °C and 6.08 and 7.54 days at 22 °C, respectively. The LT50 and LT90 values of B. bassiana (1 × 106 conidia/ml) were 5.67 and 7.15 days at 26 °C and 5.47 and 7.50 days at 22 °C, respectively. Approximately 100% of mycoses were obtained in all treatments. In general, the effectiveness of these two entomopathogens increased by increasing suspension concentrations and temperature. These results suggest that the two isolates may be very successful in biological control of the C. maculatus and may be alternatives for chemical pest management.
Molecular characterization and expression analysis of hepc1 and hepc2 in three tilapia species collected from Lake Manzala
Authors: Mahrous Karima F. , Abd El - Kader Heba A. M. , Mabrouk Dalia M. , Aboelenin Mohamad M. , Osman Noha M. , Khalil Wagdy K. B. , Hassanane Mohamed Saber 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial peptides were examined as an evolutionarily preserved component of the innate immune response and identified as a vital first-line defense against a broad spectrum of pathogens in fish. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular characterization and expression analysis of hepc1 and hepc2 in three strains of tilapia species infected naturally in Lake Manzala.

Results
The results revealed that the alignment of nucleotide sequences including cDNA and deduced amino acid sequences showed that hepcidin 1 in Sarotherodon galilaeus has four genotypes due to SNPs in codon 34Gln (CAG)/Leu (CTG) and codon 36Glu (GAA/GAG). Regarding hepcidin 2 gene, different genotypes were detected in Tilapia zillii and Sarotherodon galilaeus due to SNPs in codons 19Met (ATG)/Ile (ATT), 57Pro (CCA)/Ser (TCA), and codon 14Leu (CTT / CTC). Hepcidins 1 and 2 coding region sequences in three tilapia species deposited to GeneBank and phylogenetic analysis indicated that tilapia species are more similar to each other and closely related to Sea perch. On the other hand, the expression levels of hepc1 and hepc2 genes were over-expressed in different tilapia tissue species (hepc1 in Sarotherodon galilaeus and hepc2 in Tilapia zillii).

Conclusions
The results concluded that the hepcidin 1 and 2 genes showed constitutive expressions in most of tested tissues and have a very similar three-dimensional structure as well as mature peptides which mean that these genes are highly conserved within the species examined.
Review of heterogeneous material objects modeling in additive manufacturing
Authors: Li Bin , Fu Jianzhong , Feng Jiawei , Shang Ce , Lin Zhiwei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis review investigates the recent developments of heterogeneous objects modeling in additive manufacturing (AM), as well as general problems and widespread solutions to the modeling methods of heterogeneous objects. Prevalent heterogeneous object representations are generally categorized based on the different expression or data structure employed therein, and the state-of-the-art of process planning procedures for AM is reviewed via different vigorous solutions for part orientation, slicing methods, and path planning strategies. Finally, some evident problems and possible future directions of investigation are discussed.
Multi-scale X-ray tomography and machine learning algorithms to study MoNi4 electrocatalysts anchored on MoO2 cuboids aligned on Ni foam
Authors: Topal Emre , Liao Zhongquan , Löffler Markus , Gluch Jürgen , Zhang Jian , Feng Xinliang , Zschech Ehrenfried 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor a systematic materials selection and for design and synthesis of systems for electrochemical energy conversion with specific properties, it is essential to clarify the general relationship between physicochemical properties of the materials and the electrocatalytic performance and stability of the system or device. The design of highly performant and durable 3D electrocatalysts requires an optimized hierarchical morphology and surface structures with high activity. A systematic approach to determine the 3D morphology of hierarchically structured materials with high accuracy is described, based on a multi-scale X-ray tomography study. It is applied to a novel transition-metal-based materials system: MoNi4 electrocatalysts anchored on MoO2 cuboids aligned on Ni foam. The high accuracy of 3D morphological data of the formed micro- and nanostructures is ensured by applying machine learning algorithms for the correction of imaging artefacts of high-resolution X-ray tomography such as beam hardening and for the compensation of experimental inaccuracies such as misalignment and motions of samples and tool components. This novel approach is validated based on the comparison of virtual cross-sections through the MoNi4 electrocatalysts and real FIB cross-sections imaged in the SEM.