bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sunday Effect: How Church Attendance is Related to Daily Pain and Affect in Older Adults with Osteoarthritis
Authors: Condon Shelley , Cheesman Katherine , Smith Dylan , Parmelee Patricia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Attending church is related to elevated mood (Law & Sbarra, 2009), greater social connectivity (Obst & Tham, 2009), and purpose in life (Robbins & Francis, 2000). More research is needed on how these relationships function among older adults, especially those living with chronic pain. The current study aimed to explore the effects of attending church on Sunday on the daily pain and affect of older adults with arthritis pain. Using a subset of 185 participants living in Alabama from the Everyday Quality of Life (EQUAL) project, the current study utilized multilevel modeling to examine (1) the main effects of church attendance and day of week (Sunday vs other) on daily pain and affect (positive and negative), and (2) the interaction [Sunday] effect of church attendance and day of week on those outcomes, controlling for sociodemographic variables (i.e., employment status, sex, race, and age). Preliminary covariate analyses revealed that church attendance was higher among participants who were unemployed, female, African American, and older. For the multilevel models predicting daily positive and negative affect, significant main effects were found for day of week and church attendance; however, the interaction effect was not significant. Interestingly, no main or interaction effects were found for the models predicting daily pain. Thus, while church attendance and day of week significantly predicted daily ratings of positive and negative affect, there was no support for the Sunday Effect on those outcomes. Implications and ideas for future research are discussed. (R01-AG041655, P. Parmelee & D. Smith, Co-PIs).
A Comparison of Cognitive Function in Pine Study to Health and Retirement Study & CHARLS Study
Authors: Verma Charu , Zhang Mailun , Li Mengting , Bergren Stephanie , Dong XinQi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Healthy immigrant theory assumes that immigrants have better health than natives, while it remains unclear whether this theory applies to older Chinese Americans with respect to cognitive health. The objective of this study was to estimate the differences in cognitive function between the US and Chinese older adults. PINE (n=3,157) (2011-2013) with Chinese older adults was compared to HRS study (2010-2011) (n=22,034) and HRS sister CHARLS (n=17,708) (2010-2011). Cognitive function was assessed by episodic memory, working memory, executive function, and MMSE. Cognition impairment was defined by 1.5 standard deviations below mean of z scores. After 1:1 matched samples determined by propensity score and verified by McNemar and Cohen’s Kappa test, conditional logistic regression model with demographic variables controlled was used to assess the differences between the three studies. Multivariable analyses results showed that participants from PINE are 5.667 (OR= 5.667, 95% CI 3.893-8.248, p &lt; .001) times more likely to have cognitive impairment in comparison to HRS’s and 0.166 (OR= 0.166, 95% CI 0.136-0.203, p &lt; .001) times less likely in comparison to CHARLS’s. Result demonstrated that Chinese older adults living in the US have a higher likelihood of cognitive impairment in comparison to the US older adults but less likely than those living in China. Healthy immigrant theory is partially supported in Chinese Americans. Immigrants with better cognitive health are likely to migrate to the US, but limited social engagement in the receiving communities might be a risk factor for cognitive function, leading to worse cognitive health than natives.
Owners’ Perceptions of Pet influence: Relation to Health Outcomes & Pet Attachment in Community-Living Older Adults
Authors: Friedmann Erika , Gee Nancy , Simonsick Eleanor , Resnick Barbara , Barr Erik , Kitner-Triolo Melissa , Hackney Alisha 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pet ownership (PO) has been linked to better health outcomes in older adults, particularly those with chronic health conditions. It is suggested that pets influence their owners lives both by encouraging social interaction and by interfering with owners’ willingness or ability to seek care for themselves. We use data from 6 questions about the positive and negative influence of pets on community dwelling older adults’ administered to pet owners (N=223, age &gt;=50 years) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. We use principal components analysis (oblique rotation) to extract dimensions of owner’s perceptions of pet influences (PPI) and examine the relationship of these dimensions to owners’ cognitive, physical functional, and psychological status. Three dimensions of PPI include: fiscal/health challenges (F1: 3 items, alpha=0.70), wellness promotion (F2: 2 items, alpha=0.80); and reason for social/travel constraints (F3: 1 item). In regression analysis with all factors entered simultaneously, after controlling for age, higher magnitude of F1 significantly independently predicted poor physical quality of life (p=.0007), greater perceived stress (p=0.041), and lower happiness (p=0.014); F2 did not independently predict any health outcome; higher F3 significantly independently predicted lower emotional vitality (p=0.048). Controlling for age, all three factors were independent predictors of pet attachment (p’s=0.001, 0.010, 0.047, respectively). F1 and F3 were positively and F2 was negatively correlated with attachment. PPI was associated with owners’ physical and mental health. Perhaps older adults with higher attachment to pets are more likely to keep them despite higher challenges.
Attitudes Toward Older Adults: A Cross-Cultural Approach Across Residential Towns in Singapore
Authors: Lien Dylan , Chan Clara G H , Yow W Quin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Past research identified several variables that affect individuals’ attitudes toward older adults (OA), such as age and experience living with OA. However, the effect of environmental variables on these attitudes, such as ethnic-culture and proportion of OA living in their neighborhood, remain unclear. Additionally, most previous studies sampled specific populations (e.g., undergraduate students), limiting generalizability. To address these limitations, we modified the Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale (Yen et al., 2008) and included it in a large-scale cross-sectional survey conducted among adult residents of three residential towns (MT, MaT, YT) in multiracial Singapore. The towns varied in the proportion of OA in residence, with MT having the largest proportion, YT the smallest, and MaT in between. In total, 3134 respondents completed the survey via interview. Exploratory factor analysis identified two factors: Appreciation and Prejudice. Multiple linear regressions revealed main effects of age and ethnicity, qualified by interactions of age with town, and age with ethnicity. Specifically, respondents from MaT showed greater increase in Appreciation with age compared to those from MT (t=-2.04, p=.003) and YT (t=-2.95, p=.042). There were also increases in Appreciation with age among participants of three ethnicities (Chinese, Malay, Others; t=-3.95, p&lt;.001; no increase with age for Indian participants). Separately, there was a main effect of age on Prejudice, where Prejudice increased with age (t=4.21, p&lt;.001). Detailed analysis will be presented to elucidate the role of environmental variables on attitudes toward OA.
Music Interventions for Older Adults in Clinical Trials and Research Studies Across Cultures and Settings
Authors: Rose Tara , Manzo Elyse , Erickson Katherine , Valenzuela Joshua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Music interventions and music therapy have become more common globally as nonpharmacological treatment options for memory loss, pain management, reduction of behavioral and psychological symptoms, and increased quality of life. Knowledge of multiethnic interventions is important when creating evidence-based programs within culturally diverse countries, such as the U.S. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze music interventions for older adults across the globe to better understand emerging best practices. A review of all trials registered at clinicaltrials.gov and registries in the WHO Registry Network containing the key words “music therapy” were included, regardless of intervention type. Of the 627 studies generated, 449 met the eligibility criteria, with 11% enrolling only older adults and 89% enrolling older adults along with other age groups. Studies were conducted in 6 continents, 48 countries (23% in the U.S.), and in 23 languages. Music interventions for specific medical conditions (64%) or medical procedures (24%) were the primary foci in studies. While studies crossed multiple continents, less than 2% referenced ethnicity or culture in the study details. Detailed data on intervention types, demographics, measures, settings, and methodology will be presented. Results suggest that best practices in music therapy are being developed world-wide for the multitude of health challenges faced by older adults and demonstrate the diversity of music interventions in both medical and community settings. Information from this review can be used to improve the implementation of music intervention programs and may be particularly beneficial in countries with diverse multicultural populations.
Music Therapy Clinical Trials in Cross-Cultural Settings
Authors: Rose Tara 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Music therapy in clinical trials has shown efficacy as a nonpharmacological intervention for multiple medical conditions and procedures. Every culture has music and virtually everyone on this globe enjoys music suggesting the universality of music therapy. However, in the US, most music therapy clinical trials participants are English-speaking Caucasians. That narrow pool limits our understanding of the benefits of music in an ethnically and culturally heterogeneous nation. This study looks to the international clinical trials for lessons and information that can advance U.S. studies by expanding the methodology and clinical reach to benefit a more extensive population of patients. A review of 449 studies in 48 countries from clinical trials registries supports an effort to expand music therapy studies and interventions by incorporating a cross-cultural perspective. Researchers and clinicians using international resources can increase their understanding and capacity. Globally, many standardized measures have been translated, including self-report measures of behavioral and mental health, pain, sleep, medical conditions, and symptom severity used for outcome measures, as well as music therapy measures and intervention checklists. Scientifically accepted physiological outcome measures have shown the benefits of music interventions for older adults regardless of cultural or ethnic differences. For example, neuroimaging research supports the clinically derived notion that music can address needs of people with dementia. The future will require new standards for multi-cultural research. To expand studies and methodologies, we need to include more diverse populations. This paper proposes that to do that, we must look to the global scientific community.
Challenges, Barriers, Strategies Implementing an Oral Hygiene Program in Assisted Living Facilities Post COVID-19
Authors: Attanasi Kim , Raveis Victoria 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
[Objective] Almost 8% of the U.S. population, 65 and older, reside in long term care facilities with limited delivery of essential dental care to prevent and manage oral health disease. By 2050, this population is expected to increase by 1.6 billion. Multiple bi-directional connections exist between oral disease and overall health. [Methods] Faculty from the Dental Hygiene Department, New York University College of Dentistry conducted an extensive outreach effort and randomly selected assisted living facilities. Facilities were offered the opportunity to receive at no-cost, a dental hygiene-led, educational, preventive oral health program delivered virtually to their residents as a community service. Incentives discussed. [Results] Twenty-one facilities were contacted, 17 (94.4%) had no oral healthcare program; one had an oral health component. In 13 (72%), the concierge functioned as gatekeeper, unwilling to transfer calls or deliver messages. In five (28%), calls were directed to the activity coordinator. Feasibility concerns and uncertainty about oral health service necessity and resident safety were voiced. Two facilities mentioned familiarity with dental hygiene professionals. Strategic changes in outreach resulted in successfully engaging with facility administrators. Strategies included identifying directors with familiarity or experience with dental hygiene profession, establishing a portfolio and utilizing technology that facilitate incorporating COVID-19 protocols. [Conclusions] Efforts to initiate a dental hygiene-led virtual oral health program encountered gatekeeper challenges. Although facility activity coordinators acknowledged benefits for their population, they were not final decision-makers. It was necessary to implement strategies that facilitated discussing the virtual oral hygiene program directly with the facility’s executive leadership.
COVID-19 Bereavement: Considerations for Families, Psychologists, and Student Trainees
Authors: Hogan Jacqueline , Richards Lisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
During the peak of COVID-19, inflicted individuals died unexpectedly and in isolation. These circumstances deprived families of opportunities to say goodbye or memorialize the death of their loved one in alignment with their values and cultural heritage (e.g., wakes/vigils, funerals, shiva, washing, shrouding, military honors). Unable to hold hands, have final conversations, or develop treatment plans with providers, bereaved families experienced compounded losses. Concurrent quarantine hindered their engagement in coping strategies. COVID-19 bereavement increases the risk for complicated grief, which escalates the risk of physical and mental health problems, suicide, drug abuse, and family discord (Shear, 2015, 2020). While death, grief, and mourning are normal life experiences, traumatic and sudden death during a global pandemic is a new domain and the voices of those left behind are under-represented in social discourse. Simultaneously, psychologists and trainees quickly became last responders. COVID-19 presented a constellation of clinical challenges. Practitioners provided care during a time of political and racial tension, civil unrest, school closures, health and financial insecurity, and a collective loss of normalcy. Additionally, COVID-19 cast a spotlight on ageist attitudes and critical need for increased representation of older adults in training curricula. These issues echo the call to embrace aging as a valued aspect of diversity, and to strengthen psychology’s workforce in the areas of training, practice, research and advocacy for aging adults (Hoge, et al., 2015). This poster will explore the impact of COVID-19 bereavement on families and practitioners, promote advocacy efforts, and offer tangible training recommendations for psychology programs.
Family Caregivers on the Frontline: Challenges of Providing Care to Post-ICU COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Leggett Amanda , Carmichael Alicia , Leonard Natalie , Robinson-Lane Sheria , Li Sophia , Oxford Grace , Wisniewski Maren , Gonzalez Richard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Family caregivers are essential care providers helping to ensure the sometimes complicated recovery of recently hospitalized COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 caregivers face pandemic-specific challenges such as not being at patient bedside throughout the hospital stay and managing social distancing post-discharge. The current study aims to explore the unique experiences of family caregivers of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) COVID-19 patients. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted by web conference with 13 dyads of adults who were in an ICU for COVID-19 between March and August 2020 and their primary caregiver (n=26). Participants were interviewed about the care recipient’s hospitalization and recovery journey, supports received, challenges experienced, and gaps in the system of care. Thematic qualitative analysis was conducted utilizing Watkins’ (2017) rigorous and accelerated data reduction (RADaR) technique. Caregivers played a critical role in patient admission, discharge, and recovery. Themes of caregiving challenges included self-management of COVID-19 infection, knowledge deficits of available resources and post-discharge care needs, post-infection stigma, separation guilt, deprioritized self-care, financial challenges, and lengthy recoveries with some ongoing health needs. While receipt of emotional support was considered an advantage, some caregivers expressed contact fatigue. Understanding how COVID caregivers experience illness management across the recovery journey can aid our understanding of the COVID caregiving process and identify intervention targets to improve overall health and well-being of the care dyad.
Forward-Focused Coping Predicts Better Mental Health Outcomes in Older Adults During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jordan Leslie , Woodard John , Pena Gabriel , Arnold-Nedimala Naomi , Won Junyeon , Callow Daniel , Smith J Carson 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Psychosocial stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic may increase risk of depression and anxiety in the general population. Older adults may be especially vulnerable to these psychosocial stressors and their impact on mental health outcomes. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify protective factors for older adults. The purpose of the present study is to determine the relative contribution of coping flexibility and two distinct coping strategies, forward-focused and trauma-focused, on negative affect in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected using an online survey, including questions about demographic information, coping, depression, and anxiety. Participants aged 50 and over were included in our analyses of depression (N = 800) and anxiety (N = 638). Results indicate that both higher coping flexibility and higher forward-focused coping predict lower depression and lower anxiety. In contrast, higher trauma-focused coping predicts slightly higher depressive symptoms but is not a significant predictor of anxiety. Our findings suggest that higher forward-focused coping may serve as a protective factor in older adults during the pandemic and, therefore, may be an effective treatment target for mental health interventions.
Impact of Adult Day Service Center Closures in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Vora Paayal , Missaelides Lydia , Trinh-Shevrin Chau , Sadarangani Tina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Adult Day Service Centers (ADCs) are a form of community-based long-term care that address frail older adults’ health and social needs. Due to their congregate nature and participants’ compromised health, many ADCs have been forced to temporarily shutter during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unknown how closures have impacted service delivery at ADCs. Guided by the Resiliency Framework, we (1) explore methods employed by ADCs during the pandemic to meet participant/caregiver needs and (2) determine how/whether these methods have mitigated the negative effects of ADC closures on participants and their caregivers. Both virtual focus groups and one-on-one semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with ADC staff members (n=20) across the United States. Preliminary results showed precipitous declines in physical, cognitive, and mental health of participants, as well as increased caregiver strain, particularly among dementia caregivers. However, ADCs found creative solutions to care for participants despite restrictions, creating, in their words, “centers without walls.” Staff developed virtual programs (e.g. support groups, music and exercise therapy) and conducted “door-step” visits to support productive engagement and combat loneliness. Telehealth supported care coordination and identification of emergent clinical problems. Results suggest that despite innumerable COVID-19-related challenges, ADCs demonstrated resilience and creativity in managing participants’ needs, fostered a sense of purpose, and provided caregiver respite. Further research on the effectiveness of remote programming and advocacy for sustainable reimbursement by payers is needed to ensure that ADCs can continue to provide older adults and their families with meaningful support as the pandemic wears on.
Learning Together During a Pandemic Lockdown: Connecting Older Mentors with Nursing Students
Authors: Phinney Alison , Affleck Frances 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nursing education tends to focus on complex clinical issues affecting older adults who are acutely ill or in long-term care. This creates challenges for educators wanting to expose students to a greater range of experience, including realities of healthy aging. Opportunities to do things differently were presented when an established undergraduate nursing course on complex aging care underwent significant adjustment in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the course was condensed and moved online and clinical sites closed, invitations were extended to community-dwelling older people who wanted to “help teach nursing students about aging”. The response was overwhelming; over nine days, 118 people (ages 65-94) volunteered to be mentors. Through weekly online/ phone conversations, each person guided their assigned student to learn about diverse experiences of aging. Post-survey results showed the impact of these conversations. Over 90% of mentors felt they had contributed in a meaningful way to student learning and would do it again and recommend it to others. 85% of students felt it was a meaningful experience, offering comments like: “I am more mindful of my assumptions now” and “I learned to approach interactions with older adults as a collaboration; we have so much to give each other”. These results provide a needed counterpoint to the predominant COVID discourse of older people as “isolated, helpless, and needy”. Students came to understand that older people were also “engaged, active, and contributing” and identified how this had changed their view of aging. Implications for nursing education are explored.