bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terminology for melanocytic skin lesions and the MPATH‐Dx classification schema: A survey of dermatopathologists
Authors: Radick Andrea C. , Reisch Lisa M. , Shucard Hannah L. , Piepkorn Michael W. , Kerr Kathleen F. , Elder David E. , Barnhill Raymond L. , Knezevich Stevan R. , Oster Natalia , Elmore Joann G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostic terms used in histopathology reports of cutaneous melanocytic lesions are not standardized. We describe dermatopathologists' views regarding diverse diagnostic terminology and the utility of the Melanocytic Pathology Assessment Tool and Hierarchy for Diagnosis (MPATH‐Dx) for categorizing melanocytic lesions.MethodsJuly 2018‐2019 survey of board‐certified and/or fellowship‐trained dermatopathologists with experience interpreting melanocytic lesions.ResultsAmong 160 participants, 99% reported witnessing different terminology being used for the same melanocytic lesion. Most viewed diverse terminology as confusing to primary care physicians (98%), frustrating to pathologists (83%), requiring more of their time as a consultant (64%), and providing necessary clinical information (52%). Most perceived that adoption of the MPATH‐Dx would: improve communication with other pathologists and treating physicians (87%), generally be a change for the better (80%), improve patient care (79%), be acceptable to clinical colleagues (68%), save time in pathology report documentation (53%), and protect from malpractice (51%).ConclusionsMost dermatopathologists view diverse terminology as contributing to miscommunication with clinicians and patients, adversely impacting patient care. They view the MPATH‐Dx as a promising tool to standardize terminology and improve communication. The MPATH‐Dx may be a useful supplement to conventional pathology reports. Further revision and refinement are necessary for widespread clinical use.
Stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) seek sodium at carrion baits in Costa Rica
Authors: Dorian Nicholas N. , Bonoan Rachael E. 
Published: September 2020

1. Many terrestrial herbivores supplement their diets with minerals. Neotropical stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) supplement their floral diets by visiting diverse non‐floral resources such as rotting fruit and muddy water.2. Some stingless bees also visit carrion; however, it is unknown whether bees visit carrion for minerals or for another resource. Here, we investigated the mineral preferences of stingless bees visiting carrion.3. We deployed raw chicken baits at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica consisting of six treatments: baits soaked in sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, or deionised water, and unsoaked baits. We identified and counted bee and non‐bee visitors to baits over three days.4. We observed five species from three genera of stingless bee on the baits. Sodium baits and unsoaked baits were visited more often than other baits. Our findings demonstrate that stingless bees do forage for minerals on carrion, but that preferences are mineral‐specific.5. In addition, three species packed carrion into their corbiculae. We hypothesise that facultatively necrophagous stingless bees may be using carrion as an alternative source of protein or nest‐building materials.
Progression of fatigue in Parkinson’s disease – a 9‐year follow‐up
Authors: Ongre S. O. , Dalen I. , Tysnes O.‐B. , Alves G. , Herlofson K. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeAlthough highly disabling, the pathogenesis and evolution of fatigue in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is largely unknown, and no sufficiently documented treatment currently exists. The aim of the present study was to investigate the evolution of fatigue during the first 9 years after diagnosis.MethodsThis study is part of the Norwegian ParkWest collaboration, a prospective population‐based longitudinal cohort study. The present study comprised 191 newly diagnosed patients and 170 control participants. Fatigue was assessed by the Fatigue Severity Scale, with examinations at baseline and then every other year up to 9 years of follow‐up. Linear mixed models were applied to investigate possible variables associated with fatigue.ResultsIt was found that there was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of PD patients with fatigue during the first 9 years after diagnosis. A large proportion of patients had a significant increase or decrease in fatigue score between consecutive visits. In addition, the relative risk of persistent fatigue and ever having fatigue was higher than for controls. There were statistically significant longitudinal associations between higher levels of fatigue and female gender, comorbidity at baseline, depressive symptoms, dependency in activities of daily living and better cognitive functioning. Lower levels of fatigue were associated with the use of dopamine agonists.ConclusionFatigue is a common, severely limiting symptom in PD. This study demonstrates associations with other factors that could yield a better understanding of the symptom and thus possible treatment strategies, although further investigations are necessary to establish causal relationships.
An updated review: Laboratory investigation of equine renal disease
Authors: Gratwick Z. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryA variety of laboratory tests are available to assist the clinician in the assessment of kidney health and function. The majority of widely used tests are indicative of altered renal function, not becoming abnormal until function is significantly compromised. These include serum urea and creatinine concentrations, serum electrolyte concentrations, urine specific gravity (USG), fractional electrolyte excretion ratios and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations. Some of these parameters may also be affected by nonrenal disease. The results of a further group of tests can indicate renal damage, but do not reflect renal function. These include urine tubular enzyme concentrations, urine protein concentrations, urine neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) concentrations and cytological abnormalities.
Recommendation of users in social networks: A semantic and social based classification approach
Authors: Berkani Lamia , Belkacem Sami , Ouafi Mounira , Guessoum Ahmed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecently, the study of social network‐based recommender systems has become an active research topic. The integration of the social relationships that exist between users can improve the accuracy of recommendation results since the users' preferences are similar or influenced by their connected friends. We focus in this article on the recommendation of users in social networks. Our approach is based on semantic and social representations of the users' profiles. We have formalized and illustrated these two dimensions using the Yelp social network. The novelty of our approach concerns the modelling of the credibility of the user, through his/her trust and commitment in the social network. Moreover, in order to optimize the performance of the recommendation process, we have used two classification techniques: an unsupervised technique that uses the K‐means algorithm (applied initially to all users); and a supervised technique that uses the K‐Nearest Neighbours algorithm (applied to newly added users). A recommendation algorithm has been proposed taking into account the cold‐start and sparsity problems. A prototype of a recommender system has been developed and tested using two publicly available datasets: the Yelp database and the Rich Epinions database. The comparative evaluation results show the effectiveness of combining the semantic, the social and the credibility information in an approach that appropriately uses the K‐means and K‐Nearest Neighbours algorithms.
Stakeholder attitudes towards audit credibility in English local government: A post‐Audit Commission analysis
Authors: de Widt Dennis , Llewelyn Iolo , Thorogood Tim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn recent years, substantial changes have been implemented to the audit regimes for local authorities in several countries. Following the abolishment of the Audit Commission, a unique regime for the audit of local authorities has emerged in England, with external audit now fully conducted by private sector audit firms. Auditor appointments for the vast majority of local authorities are now managed by a new organisation, Public Sector Audit Appointments Limited (PSAA). Drawing on the determinants of audit credibility developed by Funnell, Wade and Jupe (2016), this paper examines how local authority stakeholders in the transformed landscape of local public audit in England perceive audit credibility, including the role of PSAA and other audit stakeholders. Findings show that the impact of current arrangements is positively perceived by stakeholders in relation to auditors’ technical competence and independence, at least in the short term, however significant concern is found amongst stakeholders regarding the usefulness of local public audits. Compared to Funnell et al. (2016), we ascribe these differences to the different context of audit in English local government and suggest the relative weighting of determinants of audit credibility are contingent.
Family Engagement and Collaborative Decision‐Making Processes Provide Multiple Benefits in Child Welfare Cases
Authors: Browe Olson Kelly 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThis article is about the importance of family engagement and collaborative decision making in child welfare cases. It briefly reviews the history of mediation and family group meetings and suggests that juvenile courts and child welfare agencies should thoughtfully prioritize and expand their use of the techniques and processes of interdisciplinary collaborative decision‐making and dispute resolution that have been successful for over thirty‐five years.
Depression‐like behavior is associated with lower Per2 mRNA expression in the lateral habenula of rats
Authors: Li Yang , Li Guangjian , Li Jicheng , Cai Xuewei , Sun Yanfei , Zhang Beilin , Zhao Hua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCircadian rhythm dysfunction is primary symptom of depression and is closely related to depression onset. The role of the lateral habenula (LHb) of the thalamus in the pathogenesis of depression has been a research topic of great interest. The neuronal activity of this structure has circadian characteristics, which are related to the regulation of circadian rhythms. However, in depression model of rats, the role of clock genes in the LHb has not been assessed. To address this gap, we used a clomipramine (CLI) injection‐induced depression model in rats to assess the daily expression of rhythmic genes in the LHb and depression‐like behavior in rats at multiple time points. In determining the role of the Per2 gene in the development of depression‐like behavior in the LHb, we found that the expression of this clock gene differed in a circadian manner. Per2 expression was also significantly decreased in CLI‐treated rats in late afternoon (17:00) and in the middle of the night (1:00). Furthermore, silencing Per2 in the LHb of normal rats induced depression‐like behavior at night, suggesting that Per2 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. Collectively, these results indicate that decreased Per2 expression in the LHb may be related to increased depression‐like behavior at night in depression model of rats.
A micrometer‐scale snapshot on phototroph spatial distributions: mass spectrometry imaging of microbial mats in Octopus Spring, Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Wörmer Lars , Gajendra Niroshan , Schubotz Florence , Matys Emily D. , Evans Thomas W. , Summons Roger E. , Hinrichs Kai‐Uwe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMicrobial mats from alkaline hot springs in the Yellowstone National Park are ideal natural laboratories to study photosynthetic life under extreme conditions, as well as the nuanced interactions of oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophs. They represent distinctive examples of chlorophototroph (i.e., chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll‐based phototroph) diversity, and several novel phototrophs have been first described in these systems, all confined in space, coexisting and competing for niches defined by parameters such as light, oxygen, or temperature. In a novel approach, we employed mass spectrometry imaging of chloropigments, quinones, and intact polar lipids (IPLs) to describe the spatial distribution of different groups of chlorophototrophs along the ~ 1 cm thick microbial mat at 75 µm resolution and in the top ~ 1.5 mm green part of the mat at 25 µm resolution. We observed a fine‐tuned sequence of oxygenic and anoxygenic chlorophototrophs with distinctive biomarker signatures populating the microbial mat. The transition of oxic to anoxic conditions is characterized by an accumulation of biomarkers indicative of anoxygenic phototrophy. It is also identified as a clear boundary for different species and ecotypes, which adjust their biomarker inventory, particularly the interplay of quinones and chloropigments, to prevailing conditions. Colocalization of the different biomarker groups led to the identification of characteristic IPL signatures and indicates that glycosidic diether glycerolipids are diagnostic for anoxygenic phototrophs in this mat system. The zoom‐in into the upper green part further reveals how oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophs share this microenvironment and informs on subtle, microscale adjustments in lipid composition ofSynechococcusspp.
The societal burden of haemophilia A. II – The cost of moderate and severe haemophilia A in Australia
Authors: Brown Laurie J. , La Hai A. , Li Jinjing , Brunner Matthias , Snoke Martin , Kerr Annette M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionAlthough the costs for people with haemophilia A (PwHA) in Europe and the United States have been well characterized, to date, there are no cost estimates for PwHA in Australia. The purpose of this study was to estimate direct and indirect costs of moderate and severe haemophilia A (HA) in Australia under current treatment practices.MethodsThe number of Australian males with moderate or severe HA was projected from Australian Bleeding Disorders Registry (ABDR) data. We estimated the prevalence in 2018 of adults with moderate HA to be 159 people, severe to be 416; and 68 and 283, respectively, in the paediatric (aged < 18 years) population. We used a ‘bottom‐up prevalence based cost of illness approach’ to estimate costs; that is, we estimated the per capita cost for different groups of PwHA; for example, by age and disease severity, and these per capita costs were scaled up to the estimated population with HA. Costs were estimated based on publicly available secondary data and literature review.ResultsThe treatment‐related costs, direct and indirect costs, of moderate to severe HA are significant, totalling over AUD$111M in 2018, equating to a yearly per patient cost of approximately AUD$120 000 (equivalent to ~EUR€74 000 or ~USD$85 000).ConclusionAlthough HA affects a relatively small number of people within the Australian population, it is associated with high aggregate costs and imposes a high economic burden.
Strategy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma based on liver function and portal vein tumor thrombosis
Authors: Kaneko Shun , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Yasui Yutaka , Inada Kento , Kirino Sakura , Yamashita Koji , Osawa Leona , Hayakawa Yuka , Sekiguchi Shuhei , Higuchi Mayu , Takaura Kenta , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Tamaki Nobuharu , Takeguchi Takaya , Takeguchi Yuko , Nagano Takuya , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Itakura Jun , Takahashi Yuka , Himeno Yoshiro , Hoshi Akihiko , Kurosaki Masayuki , Izumi Namiki 
Published: September 2020

AimTyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy resulted in better prognosis for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, some cases with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C disease still had poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate prognosis and characteristics of patients with HCC treated with TKI based on liver function and the extent of portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT).MethodsPatients receiving TKI therapy (n = 345) were recruited retrospectively. Child–Pugh score and albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) score were used for assessment of liver function. The extent of PVTT was classified from Vp0 to Vp4. Radiotherapy or hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy were carried out as additional therapy to TKI. The end‐point for this analysis was overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 291 and 54 patients received sorafenib and lenvatinib as first‐line TKI therapy, respectively. The median OS of patients treated with TKI were significantly stratified by ALBI grade (grade 1, 20.1 months; grade 2a, 16.3 months; grades 2b and 3, 9.8 months; P = 0.0003). The classification of PVTT significantly stratified the prognosis of patients treated with TKI (median OS: Vp0, 18.5 months; Vp1/2, 14.4 months; Vp3/4, 5.5 months; P < 0.0001). In the ALBI 2b/3 and Vp3/4 groups, the median OS of patients treated with TKI and additional therapies was significantly longer than those treated with TKI only (9.2 months vs.. 3.6 months; P = 0.0129).ConclusionLiver function and PVTT are useful for stratifying prognosis of HCC patients treated with TKI. The applicative classification could lead to appropriate therapy and better prognosis.
La norma ISO 45001 y la controvertida regulación privada transnacional sobre seguridad y salud en el trabajo
Authors: HERAS‐SAIZARBITORIA Iñaki , BOIRAL Olivier , IBARLOZA Ander 
Published: September 2020

ResumenEste artículo analiza la génesis de la norma ISO 45001 sobre seguridad y salud en el trabajo, una nueva iniciativa de regulación privada transnacional. Resume los resultados de un trabajo de campo basado en entrevistas con actores involucrados en el diseño, aprobación y difusión inicial de la norma y de un análisis cualitativo de documentación interna del comité responsable de su aprobación que dibujan un panorama controvertido. Al igual que sucediera con sus predecesoras, ISO 14001 e ISO 26000, ciertas partes interesadas plantean serias dudas sobre la norma, ya que esta aborda cuestiones políticas, sociales y regulatorias sustantivas.
Is the abnormal conduction zone of the left atrium a precursor to a low voltage area in patients with atrial fibrillation?
Authors: Kishima Hideyuki , Mine Takanao , Fukuhara Eiji , Takahashi Satoshi , Ishihara Masaharu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe abnormal conduction zone (ACZ) in the left atrium (LA) has attracted attention as an arrhythmia source in atrial fibrillation (AF). We investigated the hypothesis that the ACZ is related to the low voltage area (LVA) or the LA anatomical contact areas (CoAs) with other organs.Methods and ResultsWe studied 100 patients (49 non‐paroxysmal AF, 66 males, and 67.9 ± 9.9 years) who received catheter ablation for AF. High‐density LA mapping during high right atrial pacing was constructed. Isochronal activation maps were created at 5‐ms interval setting, and the ACZ was identified on the activation map by locating a site with isochronal crowding of ≥3 isochrones, which are calculated as ≤27 cm/s. The LVA was defined as the following; mild ( < 1.3 mV), moderate (<1.0 mV), and severe LVA (<0.5 mV). The CoAs (ascending aorta‐anterior LA, descending aorta‐posterior LA, and vertebrae‐posterior LA) were assessed using computed tomography. The ACZ was linearly distributed, and observed in 95 patients (95%). The ACZ was most frequently observed in the anterior wall region (77%). A longer ACZ was significantly associated with a larger LA size and a prevalence of non‐PAF. The 51.2 ± 36.2% of ACZ overlapped with mild LVA, 32.9 ± 32.8% of ACZ with moderate LVA, and 14.6 ± 22.0% of ACZ with severe LVA. In contrast, only 25.6 ± 28.0% of ACZ matched with the CoAs.ConclusionThe ACZ reflects LA electrical remodeling and may be a precursor finding of the low voltage zone and not the LA CoAs in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Randomized elimination and prolongation of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in coronavirus 2019 (REPLACE COVID) Trial Protocol
Authors: Cohen Jordana B. , Hanff Thomas C. , Corrales‐Medina Vicente , William Preethi , Renna Nicolas , Rosado‐Santander Nelson R. , Rodriguez‐Mori Juan E. , Spaak Jonas , Andrade‐Villanueva Jaime , Chang Tara I. , Barbagelata Alejandro , Alfonso Carlos E. , Bernales‐Salas Eduardo , Coacalla Johanna , Castro‐Callirgos Carlos Augusto , Tupayachi‐Venero Karen E. , Medina Carola , Valdivia Renzo , Villavicencio Mirko , Vasquez Charles R. , Harhay Michael O. , Chittams Jesse , Sharkoski Tiffany , Byrd James Brian , Edmonston Daniel L. , Sweitzer Nancy , Chirinos Julio A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), is associated with high incidence of multiorgan dysfunction and death. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which facilitates SARS‐CoV‐2 host cell entry, may be impacted by angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), two commonly used antihypertensive classes. In a multicenter, international randomized controlled trial that began enrollment on March 31, 2020, participants are randomized to continuation vs withdrawal of their long‐term outpatient ACEI or ARB upon hospitalization with COVID‐19. The primary outcome is a hierarchical global rank score incorporating time to death, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of renal replacement or vasopressor therapy, and multiorgan dysfunction severity. Approval for the study has been obtained from the Institutional Review Board of each participating institution, and all participants will provide informed consent. A data safety monitoring board has been assembled to provide independent oversight of the project.
Brodalumab for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe plaque‐type psoriasis: a real‐life, retrospective 24‐week experience
Authors: Fargnoli M.C. , Esposito M. , Dapavo P. , Parodi A. , Rossi M. , Tiberio R. , Dastoli S. , Offidani A.M. , Argenziano G. , Gisondi P. , Lo Schiavo A. , Loconsole F. , Pella P. , Bardazzi F. , Cusano F. , Gattoni M. , Nacca M. , Cannavò S.P. , Pellegrini C. , Costanzo A. ,   BRILLIANT Working Group
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundBrodalumab was efficacious and safe in moderate‐to‐severe plaque‐type psoriasis in the AMAGINE trials; published reports under real‐life conditions are limited.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of brodalumab in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque‐type psoriasis in a real‐world setting.MethodsThis observational, retrospective study enrolled adult patients (≥18 years) with moderate‐to‐severe plaque‐type psoriasis who underwent 24 weeks of treatment with brodalumab at 17 Italian dermatological centres. Baseline data included demographics, comorbidities, age of onset and duration of psoriasis and previous treatments. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Physician Global Assessment (PGA), static PGA of Genitalia, Dermatology Life Quality Index and patient satisfaction were assessed at weeks 0, 4, 12 and 24; adverse events were recorded.ResultsSeventy‐eight patients (mean age 47.9 years, 71.8% male, average disease duration 16.8 years) were enrolled. A rapid and significant reduction in mean PASI score was observed after 4 weeks of treatment, decreasing further at weeks 12 and 24 (all P < 0.0001 vs. baseline). A higher number of cardiometabolic comorbidities and previous therapies were negatively associated with the achievement of PASI 90 at all assessments. Brodalumab was effective in bio‐experienced patients, including those who had failed on anti‐interleukin (IL)‐17 therapies. Quality of life and patient satisfaction increased significantly during treatment (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01 vs. baseline, respectively). Treatment was interrupted in 9 (11.5%) patients due to adverse events (n = 4), lack of efficacy (n = 3), lost to follow‐up (n = 1) and surgical procedure (n = 1).ConclusionsBrodalumab is effective and safe in the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis in a real‐world setting, including in patients with failure to anti‐IL17 therapies.