bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the core microbiome and distributions of palmerolide inSynoicum adareanumacross the Anvers Island archipelago, Antarctica
Authors: Murray Alison , Avalon Nicole , Bishop Lucas , Davenport Karen W. , Delage Erwan , Dichosa Armand E.K. , Eveillard Damien , Higham Mary L. , Kokkaliari Sofia , Lo Chien-Chi , Riesenfeld Christian S. , Young Ryan M. , Chain Patrick S.G. , Baker Bill J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPolar marine ecosystems hold the potential for bioactive compound biodiscovery, based on their untapped macro- and microorganismal diversity. Characterization of polar benthic marine invertebrate-associated microbiomes is limited to few studies. This study was motivated by our interest in better understanding the microbiome structure and composition of the ascidian,Synoicum adareanum, in which the bioactive macrolide that has specific activity to melanoma, palmerolide A (PalA), was found. PalA bears structural resemblance to a combined nonribosomal peptide polyketide, that has similarities to microbially-produced macrolides. We conducted a spatial survey to assess both PalA levels and microbiome composition inS. adareanumin a region of the Antarctic Peninsula near Anvers Island (64° 46'S, 64° 03'W). PalA was ubiquitous and abundant across a collection of 21 ascidians (3 subsamples each) sampled from seven sites across the Anvers Island archipelago. The microbiome composition (V3-V4 16S rRNA gene sequence variants) of these 63 samples revealed a core suite of 21 bacteria, 20 of which were distinct from regional bacterioplankton. Co-occurrence analysis yielded several potentially interacting subsystems and, although the levels of PalA detected were not found to correlate with specific sequence variants, the core members appeared to occur in a preferred optimum and tolerance range of PalA levels. Taking these results together with an analysis of biosynthetic potential of related microbiome taxa indicates a core microbiome with substantial promise for natural product biosynthesis that likely interact with the host and with each other.
Medication Improves Age Disparities in Six-Month Treatment Retention for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Mintz Carrie M. , Presnall Ned J. , Sahrmann John M. , Borodovsky Jacob T. , Glaser Paul E.A. , Bierut Laura J. , Grucza Richard A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsAdolescents with opioid use disorder (OUD) are an understudied and vulnerable population. We examined the association between age and six-month treatment retention, and whether any such association was moderated by medication treatment.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we used an insurance database with OUD treatment claims from 2006-2016. We examined 261,356 OUD treatment episodes in three age groups: adolescents (ages 12-17), young adults (18-25) and older adults (26-64). We used logistic regression to estimate prevalence of six-month retention before and after stratification by treatment type (buprenorphine, naltrexone, or psychosocial services only). Insurance differences (commercial vs Medicaid) in medication treatment prevalence were also assessed.ResultsAdolescents were far less likely to be retained compared to adults (17.6%; 95% CI 16.5-18.7% for adolescents; 25.1%; 95% CI 24.7-25.4% for young adults; 33.3%; 95% CI 33.0-33.5% for older adults). This disparity was markedly reduced after adjusting for treatment type. For all ages, buprenorphine was more strongly associated with retention than naltrexone or psychosocial services. Adolescents who received buprenorphine were more than four times as likely to be retained in treatment (44.5%, 95% CI 40.6-49.0) compared to those who received psychosocial services (9.7%, 95% CI 8.8-10.8). Persons with commercial insurance were more likely to receive medication than those with Medicaid (73.3% vs 36.4%, χ2 =57,870.6, (p<.001).ConclusionsAge disparities in six-month treatment retention are strongly related to age disparities in medication treatment. Results point to need for improved implementation of medication treatment for persons with OUD, regardless of age or insurance status.
Whole genome sequencing of ovarian granulosa cell tumors reveals tumor heterogeneity and a high-grade TP53-specific subgroup
Authors: Roze JF , Monroe GR , Kutzera J , Groeneweg JW , Stelloo E , Paijens ST , Nijman HW , van Meurs HS , van Lonkhuijzen LRCW , Piek JMJ , Lok CAR , Jonges GN , Witteveen PO , Verheijen RHM , van Haaften G , Zweemer RP 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdult granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs) harbor a somatic FOXL2 c.402C>G mutation in ∼95% of cases and are mainly surgically removed due to limited systemic treatment effect. In this study, potentially targetable genomic alterations in AGCTs were investigated by whole genome sequencing on 46 tumor samples and matched normal DNA. Copy number variant (CNV) analysis confirmed gain of chromosome 12 and 14, and loss of 22. Pathogenic TP53 mutations were identified in three patients with highest tumor mutational burden and mitotic activity, defining a high-grade AGCT subgroup. Within-patient tumor comparisons showed 29-80% unique somatic mutations per sample, suggesting tumor heterogeneity. A higher mutational burden was found in recurrent tumors, as compared to primary AGCTs. FOXL2-wildtype AGCTs harbored DICER1, TERT(C228T) and TP53 mutations and similar CNV profiles as FOXL2-mutant tumors. Our study confirms that absence of the FOXL2 c.402C>G mutation does not exclude AGCT diagnosis. The lack of overlapping variants in targetable cancer genes indicates the need for personalized treatment for AGCT patients.
Capuchin monkey rituals: an interdisciplinary study of form and function
Authors: Perry S. , Smolla M. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTMany white-faced capuchin monkey dyads in Lomas Barbudal, Costa Rica, practice idiosyncratic interaction sequences that are not part of the species-typical behavioural repertoire. These interactions often include uncomfortable or risky elements. These interactions exhibit the following characteristics commonly featured in definitions of rituals in humans: (1) they involve an unusual intensity of focus on the partner, (2) the behaviours have no immediate utilitarian purpose, (3) they sometimes involve “sacred objects”, (4) the distribution of these behaviours suggests that they are invented and spread via social learning, and (5) many behaviours in these rituals are repurposed from other behavioural domains (e.g. extractive foraging). However, in contrast to some definitions of ritual, capuchin rituals are not overly rigid in their form, nor do the sequences have specific opening and closing actions. In our 9,260 hours of observation, ritual performance rate was uncorrelated with amount of time dyads spent in proximity but is (modestly) associated with higher relationship quality and rate of coalition formation across dyads. Our results suggest that capuchin rituals serve a bond-testing rather than a bond-strengthening function. Ritual interactions are exclusively dyadic, and between-dyad consistency in form is low, casting doubt on the alternative hypothesis that they enhance group-wide solidarity.
Elevated blood pressure in high-fat diet-exposed low birthweight rat offspring is most likely caused by elevated glucocorticoid levels
Authors: Nemoto Takahiro , Nakakura Takashi , Kakinuma Yoshihiko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBeing delivered as a low birthweight (LBW) infant is a risk factor for elevated blood pressure and future problems with cardiovascular and cerebellar diseases. Premature babies have been reported to possess a lower number of nephrons, but the mechanisms by which blood pressure is elevated in full-term LBW infants remain unclear. We generated a fetal low-carbohydrate and calorie-restricted model rat, and some individuals showed postnatal growth failure caused by increased miR-322 expression in the liver and decreased growth hormone receptor expression. Using this model, we examined how a high-fat diet-induced mismatch between prenatal and postnatal environments could elevate blood pressure after growth. Although LBW rats fed standard chow had slightly higher blood pressure than control rats, their blood pressure was significantly higher than controls when exposed to a high-fat diet. Observation of glomeruli subjected to PAM staining showed no difference in number or size. Aortic and cardiac angiotensin II receptor expression was altered with compensatory responses. Blood aldosterone levels were not different between control and LBW rats, but blood corticosterone levels were significantly higher in the latter with high-fat diet exposure. Administration of metyrapone, a steroid synthesis inhibitor, reduced blood pressure to levels comparable to controls. We showed that high-fat diet exposure causes impairment of the pituitary glucocorticoid feedback via miR-449a. These results clarify that LBW rats have increased blood pressure due to high glucocorticoid levels when they are exposed to a high-fat diet. These findings suggest a new therapeutic target for hypertension of LBW individuals.
Development and Evaluation of A CRISPR-based Diagnostic For 2019-novel Coronavirus
Authors: Hou Tieying , Zeng Weiqi , Yang Minling , Chen Wenjing , Ren Lili , Ai Jingwen , Wu Ji , Liao Yalong , Gou Xuejing , Li Yongjun , Wang Xiaorui , Su Hang , Gu Bing , Wang Jianwei , Xu Teng 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe recent outbreak of infections by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), the third zoonotic CoV has raised great public health concern. The demand for rapid and accurate diagnosis of this novel pathogen brought significant clinical and technological challenges. Currently, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) are the most widely used molecular diagnostics for 2019-nCoV.Methods2019-nCoV infections were confirmed in 52 specimens by mNGS. Genomic information was analyzed and used for the design and development of an isothermal, CRISPR-based diagnostic for the novel virus. The diagnostic performance of CRISPR-nCoV was assessed and also compared across three technology platforms (mNGS, RT-PCR and CRISPR)Results2019-nCoVs sequenced in our study were conserved with the Wuhan strain, and shared certain genetic similarity withSARS-CoV. A high degree of variation in the level of viral RNA was observed in clinical specimens. CRISPR-nCoV demonstrated a near single-copy sensitivity and great clinical sensitivity with a shorter turn-around time than RT-PCR.ConclusionCRISPR-nCoV presents as a promising diagnostic option for the emerging pathogen.
Thermodynamic and kinetic design principles for protein aggregation inhibitors
Authors: Michaels Thomas C. T. , Šarić Andela , Meisl Georg , Heller Gabriella T. , Curk Samo , Arosio Paolo , Linse Sara , Dobson Christopher M. , Vendruscolo Michele , Knowles Tuomas P. J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism of action of compounds capable of inhibiting protein aggregation is critical to the development of potential ther-apeutics against protein misfolding diseases. A fundamental challenge for progress is the range of possible target species and the disparate timescales involved, since the aggregating proteins are simultaneously the reactants, products, intermediates and catalysts of the reaction. It is a complex problem, therefore, to choose the states of the aggregating proteins that should be bound by the compounds to achieve the most potent inhibition. We present here a comprehensive kinetic theory of protein aggregation inhibition which reveals the fundamental thermodynamic and kinetic signatures characterising effective inhibitors by identifying quantitative relationships between the aggregation and binding rate constants. These results provide general physical laws to guide the design and optimisation of protein aggregation inhibitors.
HIV-1 Vpr antagonizes innate immune activation by targeting karyopherin-mediated NF-κB/IRF3 nuclear transport
Authors: Khan Hataf , Sumner Rebecca P. , Rasaiyaah Jane , Tan Choon Ping , Rodriguez-Plata Maria Teresa , van Tulleken Chris , Fink Douglas , Zuliani-Alvarez Lorena , Thorne Lucy , Stirling David , Milne Richard S. B. , Towers Greg J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHIV-1 must replicate in cells that are equipped to defend themselves from infection through intracellular innate immune systems. HIV-1 evades innate immune sensing through encapsidated DNA synthesis and encodes accessory genes that antagonize specific antiviral effectors. Here we show that both particle associated, and expressed HIV-1 Vpr, antagonize the stimulatory effect of a variety of pathogen associated molecular patterns by inhibiting IRF3 and NF-κB nuclear transport. Phosphorylation of IRF3 at S396, but not S386, was also inhibited. We propose that, rather than promoting HIV-1 nuclear import, Vpr interacts with karyopherins to disturb their import of IRF3 and NF-κB to promote replication in macrophages. Concordantly, we demonstrate Vpr dependent rescue of HIV-1 replication in human macrophages from inhibition by cGAMP, the product of activated cGAS. We propose a model that unifies Vpr manipulation of nuclear import and inhibition of innate immune activation to promote HIV-1 replication and transmission.
A cross-level model of legitimacy-driven institutional change
Authors: Guo Yan , Chen Liran , Fang Shih-Chieh , Yang Chen-Wei 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a cross-level model of legitimacy-driven institutional change in a Chinese management context; in other words, changes that start out as legitimacy gaining processes by green enterprises but result in a shift in field-level market logic.Design/methodology/approachA case study using a historical inquiry approach and in-depth interviews has been used to qualitatively analyze the authors’ case in the Chinese photovoltaic industry.FindingsThe study proposes a cross-level explanation of institutional change by demonstrating how institutional change can create market forces at a field level that seemingly originate from an increase in the number of legitimated enterprises. This may negatively influence enterprises’ ongoing legitimacy gaining process for their survival at the organizational level in an institutional environment.Research limitations/implicationsThe theoretical perspective helps improve descriptions of institutional change and develop a much-needed multi-level understanding of green enterprises in the highly institutionalized green industry. However, this case study may raise the concern of generalizability; thus, an additional survey is necessary.Practical implicationsAs organizational field-level market forces are endorsed and transformed in the legitimacy gaining activities of green enterprises, a green enterprise manager should be aware of its negative impact on their legitimacy gaining process and ultimate survival.Originality/valueThe authors’ model proposes a cross-level explanation of institutional change by demonstrating how institutional change can create market forces at a field level that seemingly originate from an increase in the number of legitimated enterprises. Consequently, this may negatively influence the enterprises’ legitimacy gaining process.
Interagency collaboration for graduate employment opportunities in Uganda
Authors: Ntale Peter , Ssempebwa Jude , Musisi Badiru , Ngoma Muhammed , Genza Gyaviira Musoke , Kimoga Joseph , Mugimu Christopher Byalusaago , Ntayi Joseph Mpeera , Balunywa Wasswa 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify gaps in the structure of organizations that hinder collaboration of organizations involved in the creation of graduate employment opportunities in Uganda.Design/methodology/approachData was collected from staff and leaders of 14 organizations that were purposely selected to represent government, private, and civil society organizations. These organizations were selected based on their mandates, which touch on the employability of university graduates in the country in very direct ways. This was a cross-sectional survey design—based on a self-administered questionnaire, key informant interviews, and documentary analysis.FindingsOrganizations were found to have “Tell”/directive decision-making, high power distance between employees, and jobs were not coded in a way that gives employees freedoms to interact and build collaborative relationships. Finally, rules and regulations were very restrictive, disorienting employee's abilities to collaborate.Research limitations/implicationThis research concentrated on the gaps that exist in the structure of organizations from which the results point to inadequate relational, interactional, inclusive, and democratic space among different stakeholders. It would be useful for future research to examine the extent to which the structure of organizations not only impacts collaboration but also measures the level to which it affects organizational performance.Practical implicationsThe knowledge economy of the twenty-first century demands for collaborative engagements with different stakeholders if they are to survive the competitive business environment. Collaborative engagement helps in the sharing of knowledge, expertise, and resources, development of more coherent services, facilitation of innovation and evaluation, avoiding duplication of work, and minimizing conflicts and competition while creating synergy among partners.Originality/valueUnlike previous studies, which have examined employability of graduates from a supply side perspective, this study investigates organizations from both the supply and demand perspectives and identifies synergy that is as a result of bringing organizations to work together.
Patients’ rights and professional conduct issues in hospitals’ codes of ethics
Authors: Saygili Ebru , Ozturkoglu Yucel 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the presence of ethical standards in the content of international hospitals codes of ethics disclosed in their websites.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the focus is on developing an integrated framework of universal values and hospital responsibilities for the content of hospitals’ codes of ethics documents. A list of key ethical issues was determined through an examination of the American Medical Association Code of Medical Ethics (2016), the WAMA (2017), International Code of Medical Ethics and relevant peer-reviewed journal articles (Finseschi, 1997; Vergallo, 2016; Suhonen et al., 2011; Reader et al., 2014). Based on the detailed literature review, 48 concepts, which were evenly, classified under two groups; professional conduct issues and patients’ rights. In the second stage, the issues were ranked related to professional conduct and patients’ rights from most to least frequent for the proposed conceptual framework, using World Global Hospitals codes of ethics.FindingsIt was found that only 62% of the top 100 hospitals have an ethics code report in their websites. The findings of the study have significant theoretical and practical implications. First, most of the hospitals’ ethical codes extensively emphasize professional conduct and patients’ rights, whereas they differ in what they include or exclude from their codes and the wording used. The number and frequency of the professional conduct issues is higher than patients’ rights. Emerging ethical issues, such as physicians’ and patients’ freedom of choice, sperm donation and artificial reproduction, were not widely mentioned, whereas abortion, euthanasia, human rights and transplantation issues were disregarded entirely.Practical implicationsThis study provides a benchmark for hospitals to assess their codes against other hospitals’ codes in terms of the specific items they address.Social implicationsThe results of this study provide a benchmark for evaluating and developing ethical codes for hospitals in light of the international health standards and norms.Originality/valueTo the best of the knowledge, no previous study has theoretically or practically analyzed hospitals’ codes of ethics.
Modelling of readiness factors for the implementation of Lean Six Sigma in healthcare organizations
Authors: Vaishnavi V. , Suresh M. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to identify, analyze and categorize the major readiness factors for implementing Lean Six Sigma (LSS) in health-care organizations using total interpretive structural modelling technique. The readiness factors are identified would help the managers to recognize the areas that lack and provide importance to the successful implementation of LSS in those areas. The paper further intends to understand the hierarchical interrelationships among the readiness factors identified using dependence and driving power.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 16 readiness factors are identified from the literature review and expert opinions are collected from hospitals. The scheduled interview is conducted based on a questionnaire survey in hospitals in the Indian context to identify the relevance of the relations among the readiness factors. The expert opinions are used in the initial reachability matrix and interpretative interaction matrix. Matrix impact cross multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis uses dependence and driving power to understand the hierarchical relationship among the readiness factors identified.

Findings
The result indicates that customer-oriented and goal management cultures are the key readiness factors for LSS. The execution technique and training are given according to the current demand of customers and goal change of organization. The manager needs to concentrate more on readiness factors to formulate the execution process of LSS for continuous improvement of the health-care organization. The readiness level helps the manager to identify the target area for LSS execution.

Research limitations/implications
This research focuses mainly on readiness factors for the implementation of LSS in the health-care industry.

Practical implications
This study would be useful for researchers and practitioners to understand the readiness factors before starting the implementation process of LSS.

Originality/value
Many research studies are being done on the success and failure rate of implementation of factors. The present study identifies the readiness factors related to LSS, especially for the health-care industry.
Evaluating determinants of employees' pro-environmental behavioral intentions
Authors: Yuriev Alexander , Boiral Olivier , Guillaumie Laurence 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe aim of this study was to identify and quantitatively assess the importance of psychosocial and organizational factors that influence employees' intentions to engage in pro-environmental behaviors at the workplace.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior was completed by 318 employees. To validate three suggested hypotheses, a series of path analysis models were constructed using AMOS software.FindingsThe theory of planned behavior explained 79 percent and 37.7 percent of variance in predicting intentions of employees to travel to work using alternative transportation and to make eco-suggestions directed toward the workplace, respectively. While organizational barriers did not play a significant role in predicting intentions to use alternative transportation, some organizational obstacles (opinion of colleagues, required paperwork) influenced workers' intention to make eco-suggestions.Originality/valueThis is one of the first articles in the field of pro-environmental workplace behaviors in which the theory of planned behavior is implemented in a systematic manner (qualitative exploration of beliefs followed by their quantitative evaluation). This article contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the disproportionate influence of organizational and psychosocial factors on pro-environmental workplace behaviors.