bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Headache in girls and boys growing up from age 11 to 20 years: the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy birth cohort study
Authors: Wijga Alet H. , Gehring Ulrike , van de Putte Elise M. , Koppelman Gerard H. , Vader Sarah , Schmits Ruben J.H. , van der Wouden Johannes C. , Picavet H. Susan J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The striking difference between men and women in headache prevalence is suggested to develop in adolescence. Although headaches are common and affect quality of life and daily functioning, the evidence needed to develop effective counselling and preventive approaches is still limited. Using data collected at age 11, 14, 17, and 20 years in the Dutch Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy birth cohort study (n = 3064 with ≥ 1 questionnaire), we assessed headache prevalence and incidence in girls and boys and explored associations with early life, environmental, lifestyle, health, and psychosocial factors. Associations were analysed longitudinally with generalized linear mixed models and discrete time hazard models. From age 11 to 20 years, the prevalence of headache increased from 9.4% to 19.8% in girls and hardly changed in boys (7.6%-6.1%). Headache commonly co-occurred with other unfavorable health and psychosocial conditions. Eighty-eight percent of the girls and 76% of boys with headache also reported at least one of the following at age 17: sleeping problems, asthma, hay fever, musculoskeletal complaints, fatigue, low mental health, or worrying. Results suggest higher headache prevalence in adolescents following lower educational tracks, in those who skip breakfast ≥2 days per week, and in boys exposed to tobacco smoke in infancy. In girls, sleeping problems and musculoskeletal complaints were associated with higher odds of incident headache and residential greenness with lower odds of incident headache. The high prevalence and strong female predominance of headache, already in adolescence and often with comorbidities, deserve recognition by professionals in (preventive) health care settings and schools.
Reduction in movement-evoked pain and fatigue during initial 30-minute transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation treatment predicts transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation responders in women with fibromyalgia
Authors: Vance Carol G.T. , Zimmerman M. Bridget , Dailey Dana L. , Rakel Barbara A. , Geasland Katharine M. , Chimenti Ruth L. , Williams Jon M. , Golchha Meenakshi , Crofford Leslie J. , Sluka Kathleen A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We previously showed that 1 month of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) reduces movement-evoked pain and fatigue in women with fibromyalgia (FM). Using data from this study (Fibromyalgia Activity Study with TENS [FAST]), we performed a responder analysis to identify predictors of clinical improvement in pain and fatigue with TENS, validated these models using receiver operator characteristic, and determined number needed to treat and number needed to harm. Participants were randomly assigned to active-TENS (2-125 Hz; highest-tolerable intensity), placebo-TENS, or no-TENS for 1 month. At the end of the randomized phase, placebo-TENS and no-TENS groups received active-TENS for 1 month. The predictor model was developed using data from the randomized phase for the active-TENS group (n = 103) and validated using data from placebo-TENS and no-TENS groups after active-TENS for 1 month (n = 155). Participant characteristics, initial response to TENS for pain and fatigue, sleep, psychological factors, and function were screened for association with changes in pain or fatigue using a logistic regression model. Predictors of clinical improvement in pain were initial response to pain and widespread pain index (area under the curve was 0.80; 95% confidence interval: 0.73-0.87). Predictors of clinical improvement in fatigue were marital status, sleep impairment, and initial response to TENS (area under the curve was 0.67; 95% confidence interval: 0.58-0.75). Number needed to treat for pain and fatigue ranged between 3.3 and 5.3. Number needed to harm ranged from 20 to 100 for minor TENS-related adverse events. The response to an initial 30-minute TENS treatment predicts who responds to longer-term TENS use in women with FM, making this a clinically useful procedure. Number needed to treat and number needed to harm suggest that TENS is effective and safe for managing pain and fatigue in FM.
Influence of Monobloc/Le Fort III Surgery on the Developing Posterior Maxillary Dentition and Its Resultant Effect on Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Yang Robin , Shakoori Pasha , Lanni Michael A. , Nah Hyun-Duck , Scott Michelle , Swanson Jordan W. , Bartlett Scott P. , Taylor Jesse A. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Timing of frontofacial surgery for the syndromic craniosynostosis as it relates to various surgical risks has not been adequately studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate posterior dental complications of midface advancement in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis undergoing surgery at different ages and the effects on subsequent orthognathic surgery.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of patients with syndromic craniosynostosis treated with midface advancement (monobloc or Le Fort III) from 1999 to 2018 was carried out. Patient demographics, records, and imaging studies were reviewed. A subanalysis of those patients who were also treated with orthognathic surgery from 2014 to 2018 with imaging studies available for analysis was also performed.

Results:
Thirty-seven patients met the inclusion criteria. Sixty-four percent of the patients had radiographic evidence of maxillary molar dental abnormality. Older age at the time of surgery was significantly associated with a lower odds of sustaining dental injury (OR, 0.55; p = 0.034). The odds of damaging second or third maxillary molars was significantly higher with a younger age at the time of surgery (p = 0.021 and p = 0.034). The odds of sustaining dental injury increased moving posteriorly, showing the risk of abnormal pattern of M3 greater than M2 greater than M1. Advanced age at the time of surgery was significantly associated with decreased odds of dental injury (OR, 0.55; p = 0.034).

Conclusions:
Damage to the developing permanent maxillary molars may affect orthodontic management, mastication, and potentially maxillary development. Delaying frontofacial surgery until development of the permanent maxillary dentition should be considered if other indications do not mandate earlier intervention.
Human CD206+ Macrophages Show Antifibrotic Effects on Human Fibroblasts through an IL-6–Dependent Mechanism In Vitro
Authors: Kurachi Isao , Kurita Erina , Takushima Akihiko , Suga Hirotaka 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Pathologic scarring including keloid and hypertrophic scar causes aesthetic and physical problems, and there are clinical difficulties (e.g., posttreatment recurrence) in dealing with pathologic scarring. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie scar control in wound healing will help prevent and treat pathologic scarring. The authors focused on CD206+ macrophages in the wound-healing process, and hypothesized that CD206+ macrophages have antifibrotic effects on fibroblasts.

Methods:
The authors established a co-culture system for CD206+ macrophages and fibroblasts (cell ratio, 1:1). The authors examined the CD206+ macrophages’ antifibrotic effects on fibroblasts after a 72-hour culture, focusing on fibrosis-related genes. To identify key factor(s) in the interaction between CD206+ macrophages and fibroblasts, the authors analyzed cytokines in a conditioned medium of the co-culture system.

Results:
Under co-culture with CD206+ macrophages, expression of the following in the fibroblasts was significantly down-regulated: type 1 (fold change, 0.38) and type 3 collagen (0.45), alpha smooth muscle actin (0.24), connective tissue growth factor (0.40), and transforming growth factor-beta (0.66); the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 was significantly up-regulated (1.92). Conditioned medium in the co-culture showed a high interleukin (IL)-6 concentration (419 ± 88 pg/ml). When IL-6 was added to fibroblasts, antifibrotic changes in gene expression (as observed under the co-culture) occurred in the fibroblasts.

Conclusions:
The authors’ in vitro results revealed that CD206+ macrophages have antifibrotic effects on fibroblasts by means of a paracrine mechanism involving IL-6. Understanding these effects, especially in vivo, will help elucidate the mechanism of scar control in wound healing and contribute to the development of new scar treatments.
Standardized Perioperative Patient Education Decreases Opioid Use after Hand Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Stepan Jeffrey G. , Sacks Hayley A. , Verret Claire Isabelle , Wessel Lauren E. , Kumar Kanupriya , Fufa Duretti T. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Despite the growing hand surgery literature on postoperative opioid use, there is little research focused on patient-centered interventions. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to create a standardized patient education program regarding postoperative pain management after hand surgery and to determine whether that education program would decrease postoperative opioid use.

Methods:
Patients scheduled to undergo ambulatory hand surgery were recruited and randomized to standardized pain management education or standard of care. All patients received a webinar with instructions for study participation, whereas the education group received an additional 10 minutes of education on postoperative pain management. All patients completed a postoperative daily log documenting opioid consumption. The total number of opioid pills consumed was compared between groups. The authors constructed a linear regression model to determine risk factors for postoperative opioid use after surgery.

Results:
A total of 267 patients were enrolled in the study. One hundred ninety-one patients completed the study (standardized education, n = 93; control group, n = 97). Patients in the standardized education group were more likely to take no opioid medication (42 percent versus 25 percent; p = 0.01) and took significantly fewer opioid pills (median, two) than those in the control group (median, five) (p < 0.001). Standardized education predicted decreased postoperative opioid pill consumption, whereas higher number of pills prescribed and a history of psychiatric illness were risk factors for increasing opioid use.

Conclusion:
Perioperative patient education and limitation of postoperative opioid prescription sizes reduced postoperative opioid use following ambulatory hand surgery.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, II.
Use of Artificial Intelligence on spatio-temporal data to generate insights during COVID-19 pandemic: A Review
Authors: Jayatilaka Gihan , Hassan Jameel , Marikkar Umar , Perera Rumali , Sritharan Suren , Weligampola Harshana , Ekanayake Mevan , Godaliyadda Roshan , Ekanayake Parakrama , Herath Vijitha , Dilshan Godaliyadda G M , Rathnayake Anuruddhika , Dharmaratne Samath D. , Ekanayake Janaka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic, within a short time span, has had a significant impact on every aspect of life in almost every country on the planet. As it evolved from a local epidemic isolated to certain regions of China, to the deadliest pandemic since the influenza outbreak of 1918, scientists all over the world have only amplified their efforts to combat it. In that battle, Artificial Intelligence, or AI, with its wide ranging capabilities and versatility, has played a vital role and thus has had a sizable impact. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of the use of AI techniques for spatio-temporal modeling and forecasting and impact modeling on diverse populations as it relates to COVID-19. Furthermore, we catalogue the articles in these areas based on spatio-temporal modeling, intrinsic parameters, extrinsic parameters, dynamic parameters and multivariate inputs (to ascertain the penetration of AI usage in each sub area). The manner in which AI is used and the associated techniques utilized vary for each body of work. Majority of articles use deep learning models, compartment models, stochastic methods and numerous statistical methods. We conclude by listing potential paths of research for which AI based techniques can be used for greater impact in tackling the pandemic.
Disaggregating Asian Race Reveals COVID-19 Disparities among Asian Americans at New York City’s Public Hospital System
Authors: Marcello Roopa Kalyanaraman , Dolle Johanna , Tariq Areeba , Kaur Sharanjit , Wong Linda , Curcio Joan , Thachil Rosy , Yi Stella S. , Islam Nadia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is growing recognition of the burden of COVID-19 among Asian Americans, but data on outcomes among Asian ethnic subgroups remain extremely limited. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 85,328 patients tested for COVID-19 at New York City’s public hospital system between March 1 and May 31, 2020, to describe characteristics and COVID-19 outcomes of Asian ethnic subgroups compared to Asians overall and other racial/ethnic groups. South Asians had the highest rates of positivity and hospitalization among Asians, second only to Hispanics for positivity and Blacks for hospitalization. Chinese patients had the highest mortality rate of all groups and were nearly 1.5 times more likely to die than Whites. The high burden of COVID-19 among South Asian and Chinese Americans underscores the urgent needs for improved data collection and reporting as well as public health program and policy efforts to mitigate the disparate impact of COVID-19 among these communities.
EXPLORING HIGH MORTALITY RATES AMONG PEOPLE WITH MULTIPLE AND COMPLEX NEEDS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY USING PEER RESEARCH METHODS
Authors: Perry Rachel , Adams Emma A. , Harland Jill , Broadbridge Angela , Giles Emma L. , McGeechan Grant J. , O’Donnell Amy , Ramsay Sheena E. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo explore the reasons underlying high mortality rates among people with multiple and complex needs and potential preventive opportunities.DesignQualitative study using peer researchSettingNorth East of EnglandParticipantsThree focus group discussions were held involving: 1) people with lived experience of MCN (n=5); 2) frontline staff from health, social care, and voluntary organisations that support MCN groups (n=7); and 3) managers and commissioners of these organisations (n=9).ResultsFindings from this study provide valuable insights from people with lived experience and staff on the complexity underpinning high mortality rates for individuals experiencing multiple and complex needs. Mental ill-health and substance misuse (often co-occurring dual diagnosis) were highlighted as significant factors underlying premature mortality among multiple and complex needs groups. Potential triggers to identify people at-risk included critical life events (e.g. bereavement, relationship breakdown) and transitions (e.g. release from prison, completion of drug treatment). Early prevention, particularly supporting young people experiencing adverse childhood experiences was also highlighted as a priority.ConclusionHigh mortality in MCN groups may be reduced by addressing dual diagnosis, providing more support at critical life events, and investing in early prevention efforts. Future service delivery should take into consideration the intricate nature of multiple and complex needs and improve service access and navigation.ARTICLE SUMMARYStrengths and limitations of this studyThis study employed focus group discussions with individuals with multiple and complex needs and service providers to understand the complexity underpinning high morality rates for individuals experiencing multiple and complex needs.Peer researchers contributed to all stages of this study, including developing the aims, data collection, interpretation, and shaping recommendations.Using peer researchers enhanced our access to participants and improved interpretation of dataThe main limitation is that the study only recruited individuals in one region in the North East of England. Views from individuals with MCN and service providers in other areas of England might have led the results to being more generalisable.
Excess Dietary Fructose Does Not Alter Gut Microbiota or Permeability in Humans: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Aleman Jose O. , Henderson Wendy A. , Walker Jeanne M. , Ronning Andrea , Jones Drew , Walter Peter J. , Daniel Scott G. , Bittinger Kyle , Vaughan Roger , MacArthur Robert , Chen Kun , Breslow Jan L. , Holt Peter R. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing cause of chronic liver disease that accompanies obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Excess fructose consumption can initiate or exacerbate NAFLD due in part to a consequence of impaired hepatic fructose metabolism. Pre-clinical data have emphasized that fructose-induced altered gut microbiome, increased gut permeability, and endotoxemia play an important role in NAFLD, but human studies are sparse. The present study aimed to explore the relevance of these pre-clinical studies to observations in humans.MethodsWe performed a classical double-blind metabolic unit study in 10 obese subjects (BMI 30-40 mg/kg/m2) providing 75gms. of either fructose or glucose in their individual diets substituted isocalorically for complex carbohydrates in a cross-over study. Excess fructose intake was provided in the fructose arm of the study and totaled a mean of 22.7% of calories.ResultsRoutine blood, uric acid, liver function and lipid measurements were unaffected by the fructose intervention. The fecal microbiome (includingAkkermansia muciniphilia), fecal metabolites, gut permeability, indices of endotoxemia, gut damage or inflammation and plasma metabolites were essentially unchanged by either intervention.ConclusionsAlthough pre-clinical rodent studies have shown that excess fructose causes pronounced changes in the gut microbiome, metabolome, and permeability as well as endotoxemia, this did not occur in obese individuals fed fructose in amounts known to enhance NAFLD. Therapeutic efforts to improve NAFLD through changes in the gut microbiome and gut homeostasis may not be beneficial.
DEFINING CANDIDATE PARKINSON’S DISEASE GENES THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF GENOME-WIDE HOMOZYGOSITY
Authors: Lubbe Steven J , Wong Yvette C. , Bustos Bernabe , Kim Soojin , Vandrovcova Jana , Norman Brendan P , Tan Manuela , Murphy David , Carroll Camille B , Grosset Donald , Ryten Mina , Botía Juan A. , Escott-Price Valentina , Williams Nigel M , Krainc Dimitri , Morris Huw R ,   for International Parkinson’s Disease Genomics Consortium
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTEarly-onset Parkinson’s disease (EOPD) can be caused by biallelic mutations in PRKN, DJ1 and PINK1. However, while the identification of novel genes is becoming increasingly challenging, new insights into EOPD genetics have important relevance for understanding the pathways driving disease pathogenesis. Here, using extended runs of homozygosity (ROH) >8Mb as a marker for possible autosomal recessive inheritance, we identified 90 EOPD patients with extended ROH. Investigating rare, damaging homozygous variants to identify candidate genes for EOPD, 81 genes were prioritised. Through the assessment of biallelic (homozygous and compound heterozygous) variant frequencies in cases and controls from three independent cohorts totalling 3,381 PD patients and 2,463 controls, we identified two biallelic MIEF1 variant carriers among EOPD patients. We further investigated the role of disease-associated variants in MIEF1 which encodes for MID51, an outer mitochondrial membrane protein, and found that putative EOPD-associated variants in MID51 preferentially disrupted its oligomerization state. These findings provide further support for the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of PD. Together, we have used genome-wide homozygosity mapping to identify potential EOPD genes, and future studies incorporating expanded datasets and further functional analyses will help to determine their roles in disease aetiology.
Identifying bias in models that detect vocal fold paralysis from audio recordings using explainable machine learning and clinician ratings
Authors: Low Daniel M. , Rao Vishwanatha , Randolph Gregory , Song Phillip C. , Ghosh Satrajit S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionDetecting voice disorders from voice recordings could allow for frequent, remote, and low-cost screening before costly clinical visits and a more invasive laryngoscopy examination. Our goals were to detect unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) from voice recordings using machine learning, to identify which acoustic variables were important for prediction to increase trust, and to determine model performance relative to clinician performance.MethodsPatients with confirmed UVFP through endoscopic examination (N=77) and controls with normal voices matched for age and sex (N=77) were included. Voice samples were elicited by reading the Rainbow Passage and sustaining phonation of the vowel “a”. Four machine learning models of differing complexity were used. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was used to identify important features.ResultsThe highest median bootstrapped ROC AUC score was 0.87 and beat clinician’s performance (range: 0.74 – 0.81) based on the recordings. Recording durations were different between UVFP recordings and controls due to how that data was originally processed when storing, which we can show can classify both groups. And counterintuitively, many UVFP recordings had higher intensity than controls, when UVFP patients tend to have weaker voices, revealing a dataset-specific bias which we mitigate in an additional analysis.ConclusionWe demonstrate that recording biases in audio duration and intensity created dataset-specific differences between patients and controls, which models used to improve classification. Furthermore, clinician’s ratings provide further evidence that patients were over-projecting their voices and being recorded at a higher amplitude signal than controls. Interestingly, after matching audio duration and removing variables associated with intensity in order to mitigate the biases, the models were able to achieve a similar high performance. We provide a set of recommendations to avoid bias when building and evaluating machine learning models for screening in laryngology.