bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen acquisition from mineral‐associated proteins by an ectomycorrhizal fungus
Authors: Wang Tao , Tian Zhaomo , Tunlid Anders , Persson Per 
Published: April 2020

Summary

In nitrogen (N)‐limited boreal forests, trees depend on the decomposing activity of their ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal symbionts to access soil N. A large fraction of this N exists as proteinaceous compounds associated with mineral particles. However, it is not known if ECM fungi can access these mineral‐associated proteins; accordingly, possible acquisition mechanisms have not been investigated.

With tightly controlled isotopic, spectroscopic, and chromatographic experiments, we quantified and analyzed the mechanisms of N acquisition from iron oxide mineral‐associated proteins by Paxillus involutus, a widespread ECM fungus in boreal forests.

The fungus acquired N from the mineral‐associated proteins. The collective results indicated a proteolytic mechanism involving formation of the crucial enzyme–substrate complexes at the mineral surfaces. Hence, the enzymes hydrolyzed the mineral‐associated proteins without initial desorption of the proteins. The proteolytic activity was suppressed by adsorption of proteases to the mineral particles. This process was counteracted by fungal secretion of mineral‐surface‐reactive compounds that decreased the protease–mineral interactions and thereby promoted the formation of enzyme–substrate complexes.

The ability of ECM fungi to simultaneously generate extracellular proteases and surface‐reactive metabolites suggests that they can play an important role in unlocking the large N pool of mineral‐associated proteins to trees in boreal forests.
Grass secondary cell walls, Brachypodium distachyon as a model for discovery
Authors: Coomey Joshua H. , Sibout Richard , Hazen Samuel P. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryA key aspect of plant growth is the synthesis and deposition of cell walls. In specific tissues and cell types including xylem and fibre, a thick secondary wall comprised of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin is deposited. Secondary cell walls provide a physical barrier that protects plants from pathogens, promotes tolerance to abiotic stresses and fortifies cells to withstand the forces associated with water transport and the physical weight of plant structures. Grasses have numerous cell wall features that are distinct from eudicots and other plants. Study of the model species Brachypodium distachyon as well as other grasses has revealed numerous features of the grass cell wall. These include the characterisation of xylosyl and arabinosyltransferases, a mixed‐linkage glucan synthase and hydroxycinnamate acyltransferases. Perhaps the most fertile area for discovery has been the formation of lignins, including the identification of novel substrates and enzyme activities towards the synthesis of monolignols. Other enzymes function as polymerising agents or transferases that modify lignins and facilitate interactions with polysaccharides. The regulatory aspects of cell wall biosynthesis are largely overlapping with those of eudicots, but salient differences among species have been resolved that begin to identify the determinants that define grass cell walls.
Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Serbian Version of the Central Sensitization Inventory
Authors: Knezevic Aleksandar , Neblett Randy , Colovic Petar , Jeremic‐Knezevic Milica , Bugarski‐Ignjatovic Vojislava , Klasnja Aleksandar , Pantelinac Slobodan , Pjevic Mirjana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe goal of the present study was to explore additional evidence of validity of the Serbian version of the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), a patient‐reported outcome measure of symptoms that have been found to be associated with central sensitization (CS). The CSI has been found to be psychometrically sound, and has demonstrated evidence of convergent and discriminant validity in numerous published studies and in multiple languages.MethodsCSI data were collected from 399 patients with chronic pain who had various diagnoses and from 146 pain‐free controls. In addition, the patient sample completed a battery of validated patient‐reported outcome measures of sleep problems, cognitive problems, pain catastrophizing, pain‐related fear‐avoidance, decreased quality of life, and decreased perception of social support. Six patient subgroups were formed, with presumably different levels of CS (including those with fibromyalgia, multiple pain sites, and localized pain sites).ResultsSignificant differences were found in total CSI scores among the controls and patient subgroups. Those with fibromyalgia and multiple pathologies scored highest and the control subjects scored lowest. Other patient‐reported CS‐related symptom dimensions were significantly correlated with total CSI scores. When the patients were divided into CSI severity subgroups (from subclinical to extreme), the severity of these other symptom dimensions increased with the severity of CSI scores.ConclusionsThe current study successfully demonstrated additional evidence of the convergent and discriminant validity of the Serbian version of the CSI.
The ArabidopsisCCCH protein C3H14 contributes to basal defense against Botrytis cinerea mainly through the WRKY33‐dependent pathway
Authors: Wang Dian , Xu Hua , Huang Junyan , Kong Yingzhen , AbuQamar Synan , Yu Diqiu , Liu Shengyi , Zhou Gongke , Chai Guohua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNecrotrophic pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea cause significant crop yield losses. Plant CCCH proteins play important roles in pathogen resistance responses. However, the CCCH‐mediated defense mechanisms against necrotrophic pathogens are unclear. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis CCCH protein C3H14 positively regulates basal defense against B. cinerea mainly by WRKY33 signaling. Simultaneous mutation of C3H14 and its paralog C3H15 resulted in enhanced susceptibility to B. cinerea, while C3H14 or C3H15 overexpression lines exhibited reduced susceptibility. A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were present in the c3h14c3h15 double mutant and C3H14 overexpression plants compared with wild‐type plants at 24 hr post infection. These DEGs covered over one third of B. cinerea‐responsive WRKY33 targets, including genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) signaling, and camalexin biosynthesis. Genetic analysis indicated that C3H14 mainly depended on WRKY33 to modulate defense against B. cinerea. Moreover, C3H14 activated the WRKY33‐ORA59 and ‐PAD3 cascades to correspondingly control JA/ET‐ and camalexin‐mediated defense responses. However, C3H14 was essential for B. cinerea‐induced production of 12‐oxo‐phytodienoic acid and it also directly mediated ORA59‐dependent JA/ET signaling after infection. Therefore, C3H14 may act as a novel transcriptional regulator of the WRKY33‐mediated defense pathway.
Dologrus: The impact of meteoric‐water‐controlled diagenesis following early‐marine dolomitization
Authors: Rivers John M. , Kaczmarek Stephen E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCarbonate rocks that have suffered early near‐surface dolomitization followed by extended meteoric exposure commonly undergo partial delithification, a process that results in the formation of dolomitic silts and sands, herein termed dologrus. Dologrus is interpreted to form as a result of diffuse dissolution in porous and permeable dolostones prior to burial and compaction. Such dissolution occurs at the crystal–pore‐water interface, causing individual crystals to corrode along interfacial boundaries, eventually leading to delithification and the formation of sediment composed of corroded crystals. The resulting sediment grain size is likely controlled in part by the crystal size of the precursor dolostone. Loss of rock competency through the process of dologrus formation in the shallow subsurface can lead to collapse of overlying bedrock and the formation of dolines common to karstic carbonate landscapes.
Effects of the FIFA 11+ on injury prevention in amateur futsal players
Authors: Lopes Mário , Simões Daniela , Costa Rui , Oliveira José , Ribeiro Fernando 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of the FIFA 11+ in reducing injury in futsal players.MethodsNinety‐one male futsal players from six amateur futsal clubs were recruited and assessed for eligibility, and 71 were randomized to the 11+ group (n = 37, age: 27.0 ± 5.1 years) and a control group (n = 34, age: 26.0 ± 5.1 years). The 11+ program was executed twice a week for 20 weeks, separated by a 10‐week period where both groups executed their regular warm‐up. Data on match, training exposure, and injuries were recorded during the regular season.ResultsThe players sustained a total of 58 injuries during the futsal regular season, with 24 injuries in the 11+ group and 34 injuries in the control group; the overall incidence of injuries per 1000 player‐hours was significantly higher in the control group (11.6 vs 6.5; mean difference (95% CI) −5.1 (−9.1 to −1.1), P = .014). The 11+ group had a significantly lower incidence of acute (11.2 vs 5.7; −5.5 (−9.4 to −1.6), P = .007) and lower limb (8.7 vs 4.4; −4.2 (−8.1 to −0.4), P = .032) injuries per 1000 player‐hours. Players from the control group had a higher number of days injured (20.4 ± 17.3 vs 10.5 ± 9.1, P = .036).ConclusionThe FIFA 11+ is an injury prevention program suited for injury reduction in amateur futsal players, as it reduces the incidence of overall, acute, and lower limb injuries during the season.
A case of acute liver failure due to hepatitis E virus, liver transplantation, and development of de novo autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Choi Jae Kyun , Ahn Soomin , Cho Jai Young , Choi YoungRok , Han Ho‐Seong , Jang Boo‐ok , Choi Gwang Hyeon , Jang Eun Sun , Kim Jin‐Wook , Jeong Sook‐Hyang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAcute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection could lead to acute liver failure (ALF), which requires liver transplantation (LT). HEV infection could progress to chronic infection in an immunosuppressed host. De novo autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare occurrence of AIH during post‐LT immunosuppressive therapy in patients who underwent LT due to not AIH but some other etiology. Here, we report the first case of ALF due to HEV infection, the recurrence of HEV after LT that responded to ribavirin therapy, and then the development of de novo AIH showing a complete response to glucocorticoid therapy but multiple relapses after steroid withdrawal. This peculiar case suggests that HEV could have a pathogenic role in the development of the de novo AIH; additionally, this case report could help clinicians make therapeutic decisions in the post‐LT condition.
Epidemiology of Chagas disease in pregnant women and congenital transmission ofTrypanosoma cruziin the Americas: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Santana Kaio Henrique , Oliveira Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues , Barros de Castro Daniel , Pereira Marcos 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of Chagas disease in pregnant women and the vertical transmission of the disease.MethodsObservational studies were identified from eight electronic databases, and details on study design, population and prevalence of Chagas disease were extracted. The data were pooled using a random‐effects model, and choropleth maps were created based on geopolitical regions and countries.ResultsThe search identified 7788 articles, of which 50 were eligible. We observed a 9% prevalence of Chagas disease among pregnant women in the Americas (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8–10,I2 = 99.96%). High disease prevalence was identified in pregnant women in South American countries (12%, 95% CI: 11–13), while lower values were identified in pregnant women in North America (2%, 95% CI: 1–3). Countries with medium Human Development Index (HDI) had a higher prevalence of Chagas disease in pregnant women (15%, 95% CI: 13–16,I2 = 99.98%) than countries with high HDI (3%, 95% CI: 2–3). The rate of vertical transmission in the continent was 2% (95% CI: 1–2). The statistical analysis showed that this heterogeneity was explained by the study design, region of the Americas and mean income of the country.ConclusionSouth and Central American countries have a high prevalence and vertical transmission of Chagas disease. Therefore, systematic screens for this disease during the prenatal period are necessary in addition to the diagnosis and treatment of children at risk forTrypanosoma cruziinfection.
Potential distribution of main malaria vector species in the endemic Colombian Pacific region
Authors: Espinosa‐Vélez Yilmar , Altamiranda‐Saavedra Mariano , Correa Margarita M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the existing fundamental niche, potential distribution and degree of niche overlap for the three main Colombian malaria vectorsAnopheles albimanus,Anopheles darlingiandAnopheles nuneztovariin the major malaria endemic Pacific region.MethodsWe used models based on presence records and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data, created using the maximum entropy algorithm.ResultsThe three vector species occupied heterogeneous environments, and their NDVI values differed.Anopheles albimanushad the largest niche amplitude and was distributed mainly on coastal areas. Environmentally suitable areas forAn. albimanusandAn. nuneztovariwere the dry forest of inter‐Andean Valleys in south‐western Colombia, as confirmed forAn. albimanusduring model validation. There was a slight degree of niche overlap betweenAn. darlingiandAn. nuneztovari,and the species co‐occurred in humid forests, predominantly in riparian zones of the San Juan and Atrato rivers.ConclusionThe information obtained may be used for the implementation of vector control interventions in selected priority areas to reduce malaria risk in this region while optimising resources.
Micrografting device for testing systemic signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tsutsui Hiroki , Yanagisawa Naoki , Kawakatsu Yaichi , Ikematsu Shuka , Sawai Yu , Tabata Ryo , Arata Hideyuki , Higashiyama Tetsuya , Notaguchi Michitaka 
Published: April 2020

SummaryGrafting techniques have been applied in studies of systemic, long‐distance signaling in several model plants. Seedling grafting in Arabidopsis, known as micrografting, enables investigation of the molecular mechanisms of systemic signaling between shoots and roots. However, conventional micrografting requires a high level of skill, limiting its use. Thus, an easier user‐friendly method is needed. Here, we developed a silicone microscaled device, the micrografting chip, to obviate the need for training and to generate less stressed and more uniformly grafted seedlings. The chip has tandemly arrayed units, each of which consists of a seed pocket for seed germination and a micro‐path with pairs of pillars for hypocotyl holding. Grafting, including seed germination, micrografting manipulation and establishment of tissue reunion, is performed on the chip. Using the micrografting chip, we evaluated the effect of temperature and the carbon source on grafting, and showed that a temperature of 27°C and a sucrose concentration of 0.5% were optimal. We also used the chip to investigate the mechanism of systemic signaling of iron status using a quadruple nicotianamine synthase (nas) mutant. The constitutive iron‐deficiency response in the nas mutant because of iron accumulation in shoots was significantly rescued by grafting of wild‐type shoots or roots, suggesting that shoot‐ and root‐ward translocation of nicotianamine–iron complexes and/or nicotianamine is essential for iron mobilization. Thus, our micrografting chip will promote studies of long‐distance signaling in plants.
Identifying the pathways for foliar water uptake in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.): a major role for trichomes
Authors: Schreel Jeroen D. M. , Leroux Olivier , Goossens Willem , Brodersen Craig , Rubinstein Adriana , Steppe Kathy 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYFoliar water uptake (FWU), the direct uptake of water into leaves, is a global phenomenon, having been observed in an increasing number of plant species. Despite the growing recognition of its functional relevance, our understanding of how FWU occurs and which foliar surface structures are implicated, is limited. In the present study, fluorescent and ionic tracers, as well as microcomputed tomography, were used to assess potential pathways for water entry in leaves of beech, a widely distributed tree species from European temperate regions. Although none of the tracers entered the leaf through the stomatal pores, small amounts of silver precipitation were observed in some epidermal cells, indicating moderate cuticular uptake. Trichomes, however, were shown to absorb and redistribute considerable amounts of ionic and fluorescent tracers. Moreover, microcomputed tomography indicated that 72% of empty trichomes refilled during leaf surface wetting and microscopic investigations revealed that trichomes do not have a cuticle but are covered with a pectin‐rich cell wall layer. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that foliar trichomes, which exhibit strong hygroscopic properties as a result of their structural and chemical design, constitute a major FWU pathway in beech.
Digital Design Automation to Support In Situ Embedding of Functional Objects in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Malviya Manoj , Sinha Swapnil , Berdanier Catherine , Meisel Nicholas A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) offers designers access to the entire volume of an artifact during its build operation, including the embedding of foreign objects, like sensors, motors, and actuators, into the artifact to produce multifunctional products from the build tray. However, the application of embedding requires extensive designer expertise in AM. This research aims to develop a tool to automate design decisions for in situ embedding, eliminating the need for ad hoc design decisions made by experts. Two unique approaches are proposed in this work: shadow projection and voxel simulation. Both of these approaches follow a three-stage methodology to achieve design automation by (1) identifying the optimum orientation for the object, (2) designing cavity, and finally (3) designing the shape converter for a flush surface at the paused layer. The two approaches differ in Stages 2 and 3. Where the shadow projection approach employs a series of point cloud manipulation to geometry of the embedded object, the voxel simulation approach simulates the process of insertion of the embedding geometry into the part voxel by voxel. While both proposed approaches are successful in automating design for embedding complex geometries, they result in tradeoffs between final designs and the time for computation. Computational experiment with six test cases shows that designers must strategically choose from one of the approaches to efficiently automate the digital design for embedding.
An Efficient Computational Technique for Fractional Model of Generalized Hirota–Satsuma-Coupled Korteweg–de Vries and Coupled Modified Korteweg–de Vries Equations
Authors: Veeresha P. , Prakasha D. G. , Kumar Devendra , Baleanu Dumitru , Singh Jagdev 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aim of the present investigation to find the solution for fractional generalized Hirota–Satsuma coupled Korteweg–de-Vries (KdV) and coupled modified KdV (mKdV) equations with the aid of an efficient computational scheme, namely, fractional natural decomposition method (FNDM). The considered fractional models play an important role in studying the propagation of shallow-water waves. Two distinct initial conditions are choosing for each equation to validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested technique. The simulation in terms of numeric has been demonstrated to assure the proficiency and reliability of the future method. Further, the nature of the solution is captured for different value of the fractional order. The comparison study has been performed to verify the accuracy of the future algorithm. The achieved results illuminate that, the suggested computational method is very effective to investigate the considered fractional-order model.
Optimization of PV Cleaning Practices: Comparison Between Performance-Based and Periodic-Based Approaches
Authors: Alhajeri Rashed Abdulla , Abu-Hijleh Bassam 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Soiling of photovoltaics (PV) panels is affected by various factors such as relative humidity, dust concentration, and panel tilt angle. The soiling can lead to significant losses in electricity production, especially in a place like Dubai, UAE. Soiling can also lead to long-term damage of the PV panels such as degradation and delamination due to the hot spots caused by dirt deposition. It is important to choose the right cleaning strategy (method and frequency) to maximize the electricity production and economic performance of the PV facility. An optimization algorithm was developed and tested for multiple PV panel configurations based in Dubai Water and Electricity Authority’s (DEWA) outdoor test facility (OTF) solar lab. The algorithm’s input included electricity production, soiling rates (SRs), electricity price, and cleaning costs. The output included number of cleaning events and the extra revenue as compared with the current practice of periodic (5-day cycle) manual cleaning. Four different cleaning scenarios were tested and compared with the current scenario. Three scenarios resulted in improved net cost benefit (NCB), up to 34% for the case of performance-based manual cleaning. The fourth scenario resulted in diminished NCB, down by 245% for the case of daily automatic cleaning. Other findings of the study included higher tilt angles that resulted in lower cleaning requirements and thin-film PV panels that required less cleaning than first generation PV panels (mono/polycrystalline). The algorithm is an effective yet simple tool to help operators optimize the NCB of their PV facilities.
Entanglement dynamics of two atoms coupling to a quantum cavity
Authors: Ma Xiao San , Cheng Mu-Tian 
Published: April 2020

Recently, strong coupling dominating dissipative and decoherence effects between the atom and a quantum cavity has been investigated experimentally. In this paper, we study the entanglement dynamics of two two-level atoms coupling to a quantum cavity where each mirror is formed by a chain of atoms trapped near a one-dimensional waveguide. We consider the effects of both Markovian dynamics and non-Markovian dynamics on the entanglement evolution of the two central atoms. Our results show that the steady entanglement can be generated between the two central atoms whether the system is under the Markov regime or non-Markov regime when the number of atoms of the atomic mirrors is finite. When the number of the atomic mirrors is large enough, the entanglement of two central atoms takes oscillating behavior without a stable value. The effect of detuning and dissipation on entanglement dynamics is also discussed and the results imply that the detuning plays an important role in improving the entanglement amplitude.