bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jawbone remodeling: a conceptual study based on Synchrotron High-resolution Tomography
Authors: Iezzi Giovanna , Mangano Carlo , Barone Antonio , Tirone Federico , Baggi Luigi , Tromba Giuliana , Piattelli Adriano , Giuliani Alessandra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOne of the most important aspects of bone remodeling is the constant turnover mainly driven by the mechanical loading stimulus. The remodeling process produces changes not only in the bone microarchitecture but also in the density distribution of the mineralized matrix - i.e. in calcium concentrations- and in the osteocyte lacunar network. Synchrotron radiation-based X-ray microtomography (microCT) has proven to be an efficient technique, capable to achieve the analysis of 3D bone architecture and of local mineralization at different hierarchical length scales, including the imaging of the lacuno-canalicular network. In the present study, we used microCT within a conceptual study of jawbone remodeling, demonstratively focusing the investigation in two critical contexts, namely in the peri-dental and the peri-implant tissues. The microCT analysis showed that a relevant inhomogeneity was clearly present in both peri-dental and peri-implant biopsies, not only in terms of microarchitecture and mineralization degree, but also considering the lacunar network, i.e. size and numerical density of the osteocyte lacunae. The correlated histological results obtained on the same samples confirmed these observations, also adding information related to non-mineralized tissues. Despite its demonstrative nature, it was concluded that the proposed method was powerful in studying jawbone remodeling because it revealed a direct correlation of its rate with the lacunar density, as achieved by the analysis of the osteocyte lacunar network, and an inverse correlation with the local bone mineral density, as revealed with the Roschger approach.
Behavior of 1-Deoxy-, 3-Deoxy- and N-Methyl-Ceramides in Skin Barrier Lipid Models
Authors: Kováčik Andrej , Pullmannová Petra , Pavlíková Ludmila , Maixner Jaroslav , Vávrová Kateřina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCeramides (Cer) are essential components of the skin permeability barrier. To probe the role of Cer polar head groups involved in the interfacial hydrogen bonding, the N-lignoceroyl sphingosine polar head was modified by removing the hydroxyls in C-1 (1-deoxy-Cer) or C-3 positions (3-deoxy-Cer) and by N-methylation of amide group (N-Me-Cer). Multilamellar skin lipid models were prepared as equimolar mixtures of Cer, lignoceric acid and cholesterol, with 5 wt% cholesteryl sulfate. In the 1-deoxy-Cer-based models, the lipid species were separated into highly ordered domains (as found by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy) resulting in similar water loss but 4–5-fold higher permeability to model substances compared to control with natural Cer. In contrast, 3-deoxy-Cer did not change lipid chain order but promoted the formation of a well-organized structure with a 10.8 nm repeat period. Yet both lipid models comprising deoxy-Cer had similar permeabilities to all markers. N-Methylation of Cer decreased lipid chain order, led to phase separation, and improved cholesterol miscibility in the lipid membranes, resulting in 3-fold increased water loss and 10-fold increased permeability to model compounds compared to control. Thus, the C-1 and C-3 hydroxyls and amide group, which are common to all Cer subclasses, considerably affect lipid miscibility and chain order, formation of periodical nanostructures, and permeability of the skin barrier lipid models.
Sea-Level Rise Induced Multi-Mechanism Flooding and Contribution to Urban Infrastructure Failure
Authors: Habel Shellie , Fletcher Charles H. , Anderson Tiffany R. , Thompson Philip R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSea-level rise (SLR) induced flooding is often envisioned as solely originating from a direct marine source. This results in alternate sources such as groundwater inundation and storm-drain backflow being overlooked in studies that inform planning. Here a method is developed that identifies flooding extents and infrastructure vulnerabilities that are likely to result from alternate flood sources over coming decades. The method includes simulation of flood scenarios consisting of high-resolution raster datasets featuring flood-water depth generated by three mechanisms: (1) direct marine flooding, (2) storm-drain backflow, and (3) groundwater inundation. We apply the method to Honolulu’s primary urban center based on its high density of vulnerable assets and present-day tidal flooding issues. Annual exceedance frequencies of simulated flood thresholds are established using a statistical model that considers predicted tide and projections of SLR. Through assessment of multi-mechanism flooding, we find that approaching decades will likely feature large and increasing percentages of flooded area impacted simultaneously by the three flood mechanisms, in which groundwater inundation and direct marine flooding represent the most and least substantial single-mechanism flood source, respectively. These results illustrate the need to reevaluate main sources of SLR induced flooding to promote the development of effective flood management strategies.
Identification of runs of homozygosity affecting female fertility and milk production traits in Finnish Ayrshire cattle
Authors: Martikainen K. , Koivula M. , Uimari P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInbreeding gives rise to continuous lengths of homozygous genotypes called runs of homozygosity (ROH) that occur when identical haplotypes are inherited from both parents. ROHs are enriched for deleterious recessive alleles and can therefore be linked to inbreeding depression, defined as decreased phenotypic performance of the animals. However, not all ROHs within a region are expected to have harmful effects on the trait of interest. We aimed to identify ROHs that unfavourably affect female fertility and milk production traits in the Finnish Ayrshire population. The estimated effect of ROHs with the highest statistical significance varied between parities from 9 to 17 days longer intervals from calving to first insemination, from 13 to 38 days longer intervals from first to last insemination and from 0.3 to 1.0 more insemination per conception. Similarly, for milk production traits ROHs were associated with a reduction of 208 kg for milk yield, 7 kg for protein yield and 16 kg for fat yield. We also found regions where ROHs displayed unfavourable effects across multiple traits. Our findings can be exploited for more efficient control of inbreeding depression, for example by minimizing the occurrence of unfavourable haplotypes as homozygous state in breeding programmes.
A 13-plex of tetra- and penta-STRs to identify zebrafish
Authors: Venta Patrick J. , Nguyen Anthony K. , Senut Marie-Claude , Poulos William G. , Prukudom Sukumal , Cibelli Jose B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe zebrafish species Danio rerio has become one of the major vertebrate model organisms used in biomedical research. However, there are aspects of the model that need to be improved. One of these is the ability to identify individual fish and fish lines by DNA profiling. Although many dinucleotide short tandem repeat (diSTR) markers are available for this and similar purposes, they have certain disadvantages such as an excessive polymerase slippage (“stutter”) that causes difficulties in automated genotyping and cross-laboratory comparisons. Here we report on the development of a 13-plex of tetranucleotide and pentanucleotide STRs (tetraSTRs and pentaSTRs, respectively) that have low stutter. The system uses an inexpensive universal primer labelling system, which can easily be converted to a direct labeling system if desired. This 13-plex was examined in three zebrafish lines (NHGRI-1, kca33Tg, and kca66Tg, originally obtained from ZIRC). The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) in these highly inbred lines were 0.291 and 0.359, respectively, which is very similar to what has been found with diSTRs. The probability of identity (PI) for all fish tested was 2.1 × 10−5 and the PI for siblings (PIsib) was 6.4 × 10−3, as calculated by the Genalex package. Ninety percent of the fish tested were correctly identified with their respective strains. It is also demonstrated that this panel can be used to confirm doubled-haploid cell lines. This multiplex should find multiple uses for improving the accuracy and reproducibility of studies using the zebrafish model.
Initial decrease in the ambient dose equivalent rate after the Fukushima accident and its difference from Chernobyl
Authors: Yoshimura Kazuya , Saegusa Jun , Sanada Yukihisa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn 2011, after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, the initial decrease in the ambient dose equivalent rate (dH*(10) dt−1), an alternative quantity to the effective dose, was studied using monitoring data obtained from March 16, 2011. The dH*(10) dt−1 was normalized by the 137Cs activity per unit area (norm-dH*(10) dt−1) to analyze the data across monitoring sites with different deposition levels. The norm-dH*(10) dt−1 showed a rapid decrease during the first 60 days, followed by slow decrease and was modeled using two exponential functions. The norm-dH*(10) dt−1 obtained in areas dominated by paved surfaces and buildings showed a faster decrease than the unpaved-dominant field, and this decrease was facilitated in residential areas compared with the evacuation zone. The decrease in norm-dH*(10) dt−1 was compared with simulation results using parameters obtained in Europe after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident that represent a decrease due to radionuclide migration (e.g., soil penetration and horizontal wash-off). The simulation results showed a faster decrease than our results, implying that there was less radiocesium migration in Fukushima than in Europe. The results also suggested that the regional variation in the decrease rate led to uncertainty regarding the external dose estimation.
STEMI-Äquivalente im EKG – eine fallbasierte Darstellung
Authors: Beckenbauer Dominik , Martínez Pereyra Valeria , Ong Peter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe 12-lead resting ECG remains an indispensable diagnostic tool in patients with acute chest pain. This is particularly important as the identification of ST-segment elevations leads to the diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and subsequent, immediate coronary reperfusion (usually via primary PCI). However, correct interpretation of the 12-lead ECG in patients with acute chest pain remains challenging. Apart from “classical” ST-segment elevations there are several “equivalents” in the ECG pointing towards an acute coronary occlusion. Among these, hyperacute T-waves, subtle ST-segment elevations, ST-segment elevation in leads aVR/V1 with concomitant ST-segment depression in ≥ 8 other leads and high R-peak with positive T-waves combined with horizontal ST-segment depression in leads V1/V2 can be found. This article provides a case-based presentation of STEMI equivalents on the ECG in order to improve correct ECG interpretation and prognosis of such patients.
„Die letzte Visite“: Leichenschau im Notarztdienst
Authors: Ondruschka Benjamin , Buschmann Claas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe declaration and investigation of death cases is a non-delegable task of medical doctors and should be mastered in the same quality as all examinations on living patients. A person is death when at least one sign of death is established (livores mortis, rigor mortis, putrefaction, injuries incompatible with life, brain death). In all other cases of unconscious patients a sufficient cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be started.If the person is declared death, an external post mortem examination has to be realized as soon as possible. Emergency doctors should be informed about the regional juridical features. The investigation of the death scene scenario, potentially known pre-existing disorders of the patients as well as medical records should be added to the findings of the body surface to conclude the most plausible cause and manner of death of the corpse. Doctors must be alarmed, when petechial bleedings are established at the face or the conjunctives, raising the suspicion of strangling forces to the neck.Internal causes of death are often invisible from the body surface, resulting in difficulties to declare the cause of death of the individual by external’s only. Injuries are most often visible and could be a hint of a crime scene scenario or external harm.
Traumatologie des Gesichtsschädels im Kindesalter
Authors: Freudlsperger Christian , Hoffmann Jürgen , Ristow Oliver 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungFrakturen des Gesichtsschädels sind im Kindesalter aufgrund anatomischer Besonderheiten und unterschiedlicher Kausalitäten deutlich seltener als im Erwachsenenalter. Die Versorgung von sich im Wachstum befindlichen Gesichtsschädelknochen stellt den behandelnden Arzt oft vor eine große Herausforderung und setzt eine genaue Kenntnis der kindlichen Anatomie voraus. Oft bleiben mögliche spätere Wachstumsstörungen aufgrund des initialen Traumas, aber auch durch den chirurgischen Eingriff selbst schwer abzuschätzen. Kleine Patientenkollektive und die Notwendigkeit langfristiger Nachuntersuchungen erschweren zusätzlich evidenzbasierte Aussagen.
Besonderheiten in der Nachsorge von gastrointestinalen Tumoren
Authors: Artzner Kerstin , Malek Nisar Peter 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungNach abgeschlossener Tumortherapie stellt die Nachsorge eine wichtige Säule in der Betreuung gastroonkologischer Patienten dar. Nicht nur das Erkennen und Behandeln von Folgestörungen gehört dazu, sondern auch die frühzeitige Diagnose von Rezidiven. Ein klarer Nachsorgeplan sowie eine gute Zusammenarbeit zwischen Hausärzten und den Fachdisziplinen spielen hier eine entscheidende Rolle.
Risk of neoplastic change in large gastric hyperplastic polyps and recurrence after endoscopic resection
Authors: Forté Emmanuel , Petit Bérénice , Walter Thomas , Lépilliez Vincent , Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Rostain Florian , Barsic Neven , Albeniz Eduardo , Gete Gonzalo Gonzalez , Gabriel Jose Carlos Marín , Cuadrado-Tiemblo Cristina , Ratone Jean-Philippe , Jacques Jérémie , Wallenhorst Timothée , Subtil Fabien , Albouys Jérémie , Giovannini Marc , Chaussade Stanislas , Landel Véréna , Ponchon Thierry , Saurin Jean-Christophe , Barret Maximilien , Pioche Mathieu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Gastric hyperplastic polyps (GHPs) have a risk of neoplastic transformation reaching 5 %. Current endoscopic resection techniques appear suboptimal with a high risk of local recurrence. This study assessed the outcomes of endoscopic resection for GHPs and identified risk factors for recurrence and neoplastic transformation.
Methods This retrospective, multicenter, European study included adult patients with at least one GHP ≥ 10 mm who underwent endoscopic resection and at least one follow-up endoscopy. Patients with recurrent GHPs or hereditary gastric polyposis were excluded. All data were retrieved from the endoscopy, pathology, and hospitalization reports.
Results From June 2007 to August 2018, 145 GHPs in 108 patients were included. Recurrence after endoscopic resection was 51.0 % (74 /145) in 55 patients. R0 resection or en bloc resection did not impact the risk of polyp recurrence. In multivariate analysis, cirrhosis was the only risk factor for recurrence (odds ratio [OR] 4.82, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.33 – 17.46; P = 0.02). Overall, 15 GHPs (10.4 %) showed neoplastic transformation, with size > 25 mm (OR 10.24, 95 %CI 2.71 – 38.69; P < 0.001) and presence of intestinal metaplasia (OR 5.93, 95 %CI 1.56 – 22.47; P = 0.01) being associated with an increased risk of neoplastic transformation in multivariate analysis.
Conclusions Results confirmed the risk of recurrence and neoplastic transformation of large GHPs. The risk of neoplastic change was significantly increased for lesions > 25 mm, with a risk of high grade dysplasia appearing in polyps ≥ 50 mm. The risk of recurrence was high, particularly in cirrhosis patients, and long-term follow-up is recommended in such patients.
Recent Developments in Photochemical and Electrochemical Decarboxylative C(sp3)–N Bond Formation
Authors: Tian Lifang , Wang Yahui , Zheng Yue , Shao Xiaoqing , Ramadoss Velayudham 
Published: March 2020

Considering the important applications of nitrogen-containing compounds in agrochemical materials and biomolecular drug molecules, research on methods for the construction of C–N bonds quickly and efficiently has become an important topic in synthetic chemistry. Carboxylic acids are inexpensive, stable, and non-toxic substances that are widely present in Nature, which makes them appealing as potential coupling partners for C(sp3)–N bond-forming reactions. Moreover, compared with the well-established transition-metal-catalyzed protocols, the rapid development of photoredox catalysis and electrochemical methods in recent years provides options for chemists to design new synthetic routes. In this short review, we concentrate on the decarboxylative C(sp3)–N coupling reactions mediated by visible light or electricity, with special attention on mechanistic insights.1	Introduction2	Photoredox-Mediated Decarboxylative C(sp3)–N Bond Formation2.1	Intramolecular Decarboxylation2.2	Intermolecular Decarboxylation3	Electrochemistry-Induced Decarboxylative C(sp3)–N Bond Formation3.1	Intramolecular Decarboxylation3.2	Intermolecular Decarboxylation4	Conclusions and Outlook
Recent Advances in Nickel-Catalyzed Three-Component Difunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Zhu Shengqing , Chu Lingling , Tu Hai-Yong , Qing Feng-Ling 
Published: March 2020

Catalytic, intermolecular difunctionalization of alkenes represents an efficient and diverse protocol for the buildup of molecular complexity from abundant materials by forging two chemical bonds in a single operation. Despite important progress in this area, transition-metal-catalyzed three-component difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes remains underdeveloped, mainly because of the low reactivity, reduced polarization, and high tendency toward β-hydride elimination of these compounds. In this context, nickel-catalyzed, selective, intermolecular difunctionalization methods that generally proceed via two distinct reaction pathways, migratory insertion of nickel species into alkenes and radical addition to alkenes, have been developed. This short review highlights recent advances in this area.1	Introduction2	Nickel-Catalyzed Three-Component Difunctionalization of Unactivated­ Alkenes via Migratory Insertion Processes3	Nickel-Catalyzed Three-Component Difunctionalization of Unactivated­ Alkenes via Radical Processes4	Conclusions and Perspectives
A Study of Factors that Contribute to the Severe Progression of Peritonsillar Abscess
Authors: Fujikawa Naoya , Yamashita Taku 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Based on the background factors and results of blood tests in patients with peritonsillar abscess, we investigated the factors involved in the prolongation of hospitalization and progression to deep neck abscess of these patients.
Objective and Methods We studied the data of 113 patients with peritonsillar abscesses (including those in whom the condition progressed to deep neck abscesses) who were hospitalized at our department during the 3-year period from August 2014 to August 2017. Data of patients who needed hospitalized treatment for 7 days or more, including the age, body mass index (BMI), sickness period, white blood cell count, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum total protein, serum albumin, blood glucose, blood HbA1c, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the first examination, and the neck factors in the cases that progressed to deep cervical abscess were examined using t-tests.
Results The blood test items and background factors at the first visit were compared according to the length of hospitalization. The results revealed that prolonged hospitalization was associated with higher values of age, peripheral blood white blood cell count, serum CRP value and blood glucose, and lower values of serum total protein, serum albumin, and eGFR.
Conclusions Factors that were associated with a longer hospital stay in this study were relatively high values of age, peripheral blood white blood cell count, blood glucose and serum CRP, and relatively low values of the serum total protein, serum albumin, and eGFR. The disease duration, BMI, and HbA1c were not identified as significant factors. Stepwise multiple regression analysis to identify factors associated with prolonged hospitalization identified the blood glucose and serum albumin levels measured at the first visit as significant predictors of a prolonged hospital stay and higher severity of the illness. Our findings suggested the importance of measuring these factors for predicting the progression to deep cervical abscess.
EVALUATION OF THE STATUS OF SALIVARY NITRIC OXIDE IN PATIENTS WITH DENTAL CARIES
Authors: Hegde Mithra N. , Kumari Suchetha , Hegde Nidarsh , Shetty Shilpa ,   Nireeksha
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to evaluate the status of salivary nitric oxide in patients with dental caries. The study consisted of 80 individuals. According to DFMT index, the subjects were divided into control group (DMFT=0) and study group (DMFT>5). Saliva sample was collected from each subject. Nitric oxide concentration was measured as total nitrates and nitrites by the Griess reaction method. The results of this study show that the presence of NO and its metabolites in saliva of adults with natural healthy teeth is significantly higher compared to high risk group, suggesting the protective role of NO in relation to caries. From the study it can be concluded that highly significant increase of nitrates and nitrites in stimulated saliva of high caries risk group could be the host defense response opposing bacterial growth. The obtained results support the role of NO as modulator of bacterial proliferation and suggest that increased NO production might contribute to lower caries incidence in adults.
A STUDY OF SERUM URIC ACID IN DIABETES MELLITUS AND PREDIABETES IN A SOUTH INDIAN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: M. Sudhindra Rao , Sahayo Bino John 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Several epidemiologic studies have reported that high serum levels of uric acid are strongly associated with prevalent health conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, essential hypertension and renal disease. This study aimed to investigate the level of serum uric acid in Type 2 diabetes mellitus, pre-diabetics and non diabetics (controls) in south Indian population.
Methods: Uric acid level was measured by Uricase-PAP methodology in patients with Diabetes (n=71)/Pre diabetes (n=12)/ Control groups (n=34). Using ANOVA test, uric acid levels in the above three groups were compared based on age, sex and other factors which can affect uric acid level.
Results: The mean serum uric acid level was lower in control group (3.84mg/dl), rose in pre-diabetics (4.88mg/dl) and again decreased in diabetics (3.78mg/dl). P value comparing control and pre-diabetes was 0.009, p-value comparing pre-diabetes and diabetes was 0.003 and p-value comparing control and diabetes was 0.982 (p value <0.05 being significant).
Conclusion: The serum uric acid level being higher in pre-diabetes than controls and lower in diabetes mellitus than pre-diabetes may serve as a potential inexpensive biomarker of deterioration of glucose metabolism.