bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated review of healthcare provider postnatal newborn care recommendations in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Reid Davika D. , Garcia Alexandra A. 
Published: November 2019

AimsTo (1) identify formal and informal healthcare provider knowledge and counselling on newborn care recommendations; (2) identify care guidelines used; and (3) determine healthcare provider training regarding recommendations.BackgroundIn sub‐Saharan Africa, many newborn deaths occur in the community between days two to 42 of life.IntroductionFormal and informal healthcare providers, including nurses and community health workers, counsel newborn caregivers but little is known about their recommendations.MethodsIntegrative review of studies conducted 2000–2018 after search of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and African healthcare journals. Study quality was assessed and findings synthesized.FindingsTwelve qualitative, quantitative, or mixed‐methods studies (quality good to poor) from seven countries were included. Eleven reported on one to three recommendations; one study reported on eight recommendations. Knowledge or counselling on feeding, cord care, recognizing illness, referrals, informal treatment, home visits, immunizations, follow‐up examinations, thermal care, low birthweight, and bed net usage were reported. Formal healthcare providers gave recommendations in only two studies. Four studies documented use of guidelines. Six studies reported on training.DiscussionStudies were primarily descriptive, limiting quality. Feeding and cord care recommendations were prioritized. Care guidelines were underutilized. Additional training on recommendations is needed. These findings regarding healthcare providers align with other regions with high neonatal mortality.ConclusionResearch is needed to improve and sustain knowledge, counselling, and guideline usage among providers to address neonatal mortality.Implications for nursingThe unique role of nurses to promote newborn health appears under‐researched. Nurse professionalization and specialization may contribute to sustained knowledge of and counselling on newborn recommendations.Implications for health policyAs countries adopt universal health care, policies that enable formal providers to encourage maternal‐newborn engagement in newborn health promotion before transition to the community are needed. Collaboration between formal and informal providers may improve dissemination of recommendations and contribute to gains in newborn health.
Forty years after the promise of «ceramic steel?»: Zirconia‐based composites with a metal‐like mechanical behavior
Authors: Chevalier Jérôme , Liens Aléthéa , Reveron Helen , Zhang Fei , Reynaud Pascal , Douillard Thierry , Preiss Laura , Sergo Valter , Lughi Vanni , Swain Mike , Courtois Nicolas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractForty years ago, Garvie and his Australian co‐workers reported that the stress‐induced transformation of metastable tetragonal zirconia grains to the monoclinic symmetry could give rise to a powerful toughening mechanism. Their results even led them to consider zirconia systems as analogues of certain steels. This seminal paper generated extraordinary excitement in the ceramic community and it is still the subject of extensive research. Transformation toughening is widely used in zirconia materials and results in an increase in strength and toughness when compared to nontransformable ceramics, but the implementation into strong, tough, and sufficiently stable materials has not been fully reached. Zirconia ceramics generally fail at low strains with a much larger scatter in the strength values than metals and require statistical approaches to failure. Here we describe in detail the mechanical behavior laws of ceria‐doped zirconia composites exhibiting a high degree of stress‐induced transformation. They present, to some extent, mechanical behavior analogous to a metal, displaying, (a) significant amount of transformation‐induced plasticity without damage, (b) very high flaw tolerance and (c) almost no dispersion in strength data. They potentially open new application avenues in situations where the advantages of ceramics were dampened by their brittle failure behavior. In particular, the consequences of such behavior for dental implants and additive‐manufactured structures are highlighted.
Genetics and genomics of uniformity and resilience in livestock and aquaculture species: A review
Authors: Iung Laiza Helena de Souza , Carvalheiro Roberto , Neves Haroldo Henrique de Rezende , Mulder Herman Arend 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGenetic control of residual variance offers opportunities to increase uniformity and resilience of livestock and aquaculture species. Improving uniformity and resilience of animals will improve health and welfare of animals and lead to more homogenous products. Our aims in this review were to summarize the current models and methods to study genetic control of residual variance, genetic parameters and genomic results for residual variance and discuss future research directions. Typically, the genetic coefficient of variation is high (median = 0.27; range 0–0.86) and the heritability of residual variance is low (median = 0.01; range 0–0.10). Higher heritabilities can be achieved when increasing the number of records per animal. Divergent selection experiments have supported the feasibility of selecting for high or low residual variance. Genomic studies have revealed associations in regions related to stress, including those from the heat shock protein family. Although the number of studies is growing, genetic control of residual variance is still poorly understood, but big data and genomics offer great opportunities.
Should learners use their hands for learning? Results from an eye‐tracking study
Authors: Korbach Andreas , Ginns Paul , Brünken Roland , Park Babette 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGiven the widespread use of touch screen devices, the effect of the users' fingers on information processing and learning is of growing interest. The present study drew on cognitive load theory and embodied cognition perspectives to investigate the effects of pointing and tracing gestures on the surface of a multimedia learning instruction. Learning performance, cognitive load and visual attention were examined in a one‐factorial experimental design with the between‐subject factor pointing and tracing gestures. The pointing and tracing group were instructed to use their fingers during the learning phase to make connections between corresponding text and picture information, whereas the control group was instructed not to use their hands for learning. The results showed a beneficial effect of pointing and tracing gestures on learning performance, a significant shift in visual attention and deeper processing of information by the pointing and tracing group, but no effect on subjective ratings of cognitive load. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
A novel mutation of COL7A1 in a Chinese DEB‐Pt family and review of the literature
Authors: Jin Ling , Li Zhi , Xin Cong , Tang Lili , Zhang Xuejun , Zhang Bo , Yang Sen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPretibial dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB‐Pt) is an extremely rare subtype of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) characterized by blistering and scar formation. The pathogenesis of the disease is mainly due to the mutation of COL7A1 gene encoding type VII collagen fibers, resulting in the destruction of the anchoring structure of the epidermis and dermis.AimsThe purpose of this study was to discover the major mutations in DEB‐Pt by studying this family and reviewing the literature on DEB‐Pt.Patients/MethodsWe examined the patients by clinical manifestations and histopathology, extracted DNA from blood samples from 7 individuals in the family via FlexiGene DNA Kit, and then sequenced the samples using whole‐exon sequencing (WES).ResultCharacteristic clinical manifestations such as blisters and scars were found in the patients. Genetic analysis revealed a missense mutation in exon 87(c.6860G>A) of COL7A1 gene, which has never been reported before.ConclusionThe discovery of the new mutation extends the COL7A1 mutation database. We also reviewed all the mutation in DEB‐Pt from relevant literature at home and abroad. This will facilitate the molecular diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of DEB‐Pt.
Ocular complications of soft tissue filler injections: A review of literature
Authors: Lee Won , Koh Ik‐Soo , Oh Wook , Yang Eun‐Jung 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSoft tissue filler is commonly used for facial contouring. However, incorrect use can lead to severe ocular complications. Even though filler injections are quite different from fat grafts, they are considered similar procedures. However, to date, there are no proven preventive measures or treatments for blindness secondary to soft tissue filler injections.ObjectivesThis literature review aimed to investigate visual compromise secondary to soft tissue filler injection and discuss the related vascular anatomy, pathophysiology, and prevention of ocular complications of soft tissue filler injections.MethodsA literature search until July 2018 was performed for reports on visual compromise after filler injections. We evaluated the previous literature and eliminated cases using fat grafts and unknown fillers.ResultsA total of 50 reports of filler‐induced visual compromise were identified. Analysis of these cases showed that the procedure with greatest risk was nasal augmentation, followed by glabellar wrinkle treatment. Within the last 3 years searched, 35% of reported cases involved treatment of the nose. There were no reports of blindness from injections into the temple or chin and relatively few case reports involving forehead injections.ConclusionThe most common injection site associated with blindness in a previous report was the glabella; however, the most common site currently associated with blindness due to filler injections was the nose. Extreme caution is necessary when performing nasal augmentation or glabellar wrinkle correction using soft tissue fillers to avoid the branches of the internal carotid artery.
Beyond neurotransmission: acetylcholine in immunity and inflammation
Authors: Cox M. A. , Bassi C. , Saunders M. E. , Nechanitzky R. , Morgado‐Palacin I. , Zheng C. , Mak T. W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAcetylcholine (ACh) is best known as a neurotransmitter and was the first such molecule identified. ACh signalling in the neuronal cholinergic system has long been known to regulate numerous biological processes (reviewed by Beckmann and Lips). In actuality, ACh is a ubiquitous signalling molecule that is produced by numerous non‐neuronal cell types and even by some single‐celled organisms. Within multicellular organisms, a non‐neuronal cholinergic system that includes the immune system functions in parallel with the neuronal cholinergic system. Several immune cell types both respond to ACh signals and can directly produce ACh. Recent work from our laboratory has demonstrated that the capacity to produce ACh is an intrinsic property of T cells responding to viral infection, and that this ability to produce ACh is dependent upon IL‐21 signalling to the T cells. Furthermore, during infection this immune‐derived ACh is necessary for the T cells to migrate into infected tissues. In this review, we will discuss the various sources of ACh that are relevant during immune responses and describe how ACh acts on immune cells to influence their functions. We will also address the clinical implications of this fascinating aspect of immunity, focusing on ACh’s role in the migration of T cells during infection and cancer.
Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: Real‐world effectiveness and safety in Taiwan
Authors: Liu Chen‐Hua , Liu Chun‐Jen , Hung Chien‐Ching , Hsieh Szu‐Min , Su Tung‐Hung , Sun Hsin‐Yun , Tseng Tai‐Chung , Chen Pei‐Jer , Chen Ding‐Shinn , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsLarge‐scale data regarding the real‐world effectiveness and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were limited in East Asia. We aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of GLE/PIB in different HCV populations in Taiwan.MethodsA total of 658 chronic HCV patients with compensated liver diseases receiving GLE/PIB for 8 (n = 549), 12 (n = 103) or 16 (n = 6) weeks were retrospectively enrolled. The effectiveness was determined by sustained virologic response at off‐therapy 12 weeks (SVR12). Patient characteristics potentially related to SVR12 and the safety profiles were also assessed.ResultsBy evaluable population (EP) and per‐protocol (PP) analyses, the overall SVR12 rate was 98.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 96.8%‐99.0%) and 99.4% (95% CI: 98.4%‐99.8%). The SVR12 rates were 98.9% (95% CI: 97.6%‐99.5%), 94.2% (95% CI: 87.9%‐97.3%) and 100% (95% CI: 60.1%‐100%) in patients receiving 8, 12 and 16 weeks of treatment respectively. A total of 656 (99.7%) patients completed the scheduled treatment. The SVR12 rates were comparable regardless of baseline characteristics or week 4 viral decline. Twenty (3.0%) patients had serious adverse events (AEs), but none were not related to GLE/PIB. The two most common AEs were pruritus (7.8%) and fatigue (5.5%). Two (0.3%) and no patients had ≥3‐fold upper limit of normal (ULN) for total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels.ConclusionsGLE/PIB for 8‐16 weeks is effective and well‐tolerated for patients with chronic HCV infection in Taiwan.
Sexuality, Angelification, and Divine Indwelling: A Contemporary Ethic of Early Christian Asceticism
Authors: Meawad Stephen M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe monastic movement originated among laity who recognized within themselves the potential to embody the Christian gospel. That a practice so central to early Christians and their Scriptural understanding would undergo such a decline contemporarily gives pause for reconsideration. This article posits that the kind of asceticism at the core of Christian monasticism maintains relevance as a transformative Christian practice in the contemporary world, as well. The argument draws on a tripartite model of spirituality in accord with Gregory of Nyssa’s notion of epektasis. This suggests asceticism’s contemporary appropriation as an ethic of Christian spiritual development oriented toward perpetual ascent. Asceticism will be analyzed as a form of spiritual struggle; that is, physical, emotional, psychological, intellectual, and spiritual exertion aiming to progress in knowledge, similitude, and intimacy with Jesus Christ, for God and for others. The three stages of this ethic of Christian spiritual growth – 1) detachment from fleshly passions, 2) strengthening of the soul, and 3) union with God – find parallels in the three themes at the core of asceticism: sexuality, angelification, and divine indwelling. Situating asceticism within a framework of spiritual struggle creates an opportunity to recover and re‐envision a well‐established Christian practice in a contemporary context.
Vascular calcification is associated with Wnt‐signaling pathway and blood pressure variability in chronic kidney disease rats
Authors: Liao Ruoxi , Wang Liya , Li Jiameng , Sun Si , Xiong Yuqin , Li Yupei , Han Mei , Jiang Heng , Anil Mahajan , Su Baihai 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimVascular calcification (VC) is a common complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has been shown to be associated with increased cardiovascular events and mortality. This study was to explore the role of Wnt‐signaling pathway in CKD VC, and the association between VC and blood pressure variability (BPV) which is a risk factor of cardiovascular events.MethodsAdult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into adenine‐induced CKD group (n = 5), 5/6 nephrectomy CKD group (n = 5), sham group (n = 5) and control group (n = 5). Low‐calcium‐high‐phosphate diets were introduced to induce vascular calcification. Both daytime (hour‐to‐hour during the day) and mid‐term (day‐to‐day for 9 days) blood pressure (BP) were collected and analyzed for BPV metrics. At sacrifice, kidney, heart and aorta samples were taken for histological analyses. Calcium deposition in aorta was identified with Alizarin Red stain and graded. Immunohistochemistry stain and western blot were performed for Wnt3a, Wnt5a, β‐catenin, sclerostin, osteopontin, and α‐SMA.ResultsCompared with control rats, CKD rats suffered from markedly severer VC (Grade 2.6 ± 0.2 and 1.8 ± 0.8 vs 0.0 ± 0.0 and 0.2 ± 0.4, P = .0010). VC was positively correlated with vascular Wnt3a and β‐catenin expression (P = .0032 and .0000), but not significantly associated with Wnta5a or sclerostin. Besides, CKD rats showed increased BPV (P < .001), which was also positively correlated with VC.ConclusionWe confirmed that CKD rats had enhanced Wnt‐signaling in vascular tissue and severer aorta calcification together with increased BPV. Wnt pathway may be a potential target in future VC and BPV management in CKD.
Immunohistochemistry and gene expression of GLUT1, RUNX2 and MTOR in reparative dentinogenesis
Authors: Takeuchi Ryosuke , Ohkura Naoto , Yoshiba Kunihiko , Tohma Aiko , Yoshiba Nagako , Edanami Naoki , Shirakashi Mari , Belal Razi Saifullah Ibn , Ohshima Hayato , Noiri Yuichiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo determine glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression during reparative dentinogenesis after pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) capping.Subjects and methodsEight‐week‐old male Wistar rats were used. Pulp of the upper left first molar was exposed and capped with MTA. The upper right first molar of the same animal was used as a control. After collecting molars at various time points, GLUT1, RUNX2 and mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR) were examined by immunohistochemistry. mRNA levels of Slc2a1 (encoding GLUT1), Runx2, Nestin and Mtor were determined by real‐time PCR.ResultsPulp exhibited progressive formation of reparative dentine lined with GLUT1‐ and MTOR‐immunoreactive odontoblast‐like cells at 5 days after pulpotomy. RUNX2 was detected in nuclei of most pulp tissue cells at day 5 after pulpotomy. Double immunofluorescence staining revealed GLUT1 immunoreactivity on odontoblast‐like cells positive for Nestin or RUNX2, 5 days after pulpotomy. Slc2a1, Runx2, Nestin and Mtor mRNA levels were significantly upregulated on days 3–5 after pulpotomy.ConclusionsAfter rat molar pulpotomy, dental pulp induced formation of reparative dentine with colocalization of GLUT1 and Nestin or RUNX2. Moreover, mRNA levels of Slc2a1, Runx2, Nestin and Mtor were significantly upregulated in pulpotomized dental pulp.
Single‐marker and haplotype‐based association analysis of anthracnose (Colletotrichum dematium)resistance in spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
Authors: Awika Henry O. , Cochran Kimberly , Joshi Vijay , Bedre Renesh , Mandadi Kranthi K. , Avila Carlos A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnthracnose (Colletotrichum dematium) is an important disease in spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Sources of resistance must be identified, and molecular tools must be developed to expedite cultivar development. In this study, a diverse collection of 276 spinach accessions was scored for anthracnose disease severity. We then evaluated marker identification approaches by testing how well haplotype‐based trait modelling compares to single markers in identifying strong association signals. Alleles in linkage disequilibrium were tagged in haplotype blocks, and anthracnose‐associated molecular markers were identified using single‐SNP (sSNP), pairwise haplotype (htP) and multi‐marker haplotype (htM) SNP tagging approaches. We identified 49 significantly associated markers distributed on several spinach chromosomes using all methods. The sSNP approach identified 13 markers, while htP identified 24 (~63% more) and htM 34 (~162% more). Of these markers, four were uniquely identified by the sSNP approach, nine by htP and nineteen by htM. The results indicate that resistance to anthracnose is polygenic and that haplotype‐based analysis may have more power than sSNP. Using a combination of these methods can improve the identification of molecular markers for spinach breeding.
Oral health inequalities between differently abled and healthy school children in Bengaluru—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rajput Soni , Kumar Amit , Puranik Manjunath P , Sowmya KR 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo assess oral health inequalities between differently‐abled and healthy school children.MethodsThe study was conducted on a sample of 300 differently‐abled and 300 healthy school children in Bengaluru. A calibrated investigator recorded oral health status according to World Health Organization (WHO) proforma 2013. Chi‐square/Fisher exact test, Mann‐Whitney U test, and multiple logistic regression were applied. Ap‐value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsMean DMFT in the study group and the control group was 1.32 ± 1.36 and 1.25 ± 1.21 respectively. In the study group, 52.7% had gingival bleeding compared to 41.0% in the control group. Within the study group, children who belonged to the lower middle class (aOR = 2.02) were more likely to have caries experience whereas visually impaired children (aOR = 0.32), speech and hearing impaired children (OR = 0.10), children suffering from polio (aOR = 0.80), and those with caries‐free in deciduous dentition (aOR = 0.42) were less likely to have caries experience in permanent teeth (p < 0.05).ConclusionOral healthinequalities exist for differently‐abled children. Hence, improvement of their oral health status and priority care are needed.
Increasing person‐centred care in paediatrics
Authors: Hayes Daniel , Edbrooke‐Childs Julian , Martin Kate , Reid Joanna , Brown Rob , McCulloch Jessie , Morton Louise 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundPaediatric patients (PPs) often feel that they are not involved in care and treatment decisions. Although training clinicians may help, there is a lack of evaluated training programmes specifically for work with PPs. The aim of this article is to evaluate ‘Me first’, a training programme aimed at improving clinicians’ attitudes and communication skills when working with PPs.MethodsA total of 69 clinicians attended ‘Me first’ training and completed questionnaires across three time points: (1) prior to attending the training; (2) at the end of the training; and (3) 4–6 weeks later. This included 14 medical staff, 29 nursing staff and 26 allied health staff. Attitude was measured using the Leeds Attitudes to Concordance II (LATCon II) scale, and communication skills were measured using the Effective Listening and Interactive Communication Scale (ELICS).ResultsOverall, clinicians reported that their attitude and communication skills improved after attending ‘Me first’. This was maintained 4–6 weeks later. Subgroup analysis showed that allied health staff did not maintain the improved attitude at the follow‐up conducted 4–6 weeks later.Subgroup analysis showed that allied health staff did not maintain the improved attitude at the follow‐up conducted 4–6 weeks laterConclusionsFindings suggest that ‘Me first’ may be helpful in improving clinician attitudes and communication skills with PPs. Further research should examine whether PPs report higher levels of communication and decision making with clinicians who have attended training.