bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radikal‐basierte Synthese und Modifikation von Aminosäuren
Authors: Aguilar Troyano Francisco José , Merkens Kay , Anwar Khadijah , Gómez‐Suárez Adrián 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAminosäuren (AS) sind wichtige Strukturmotive mit vielfältigen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in der organischen Synthese, der Biochemie und den Materialwissenschaften. In jüngster Zeit hat mit der Entwicklung milderer und vielseitigerer Verfahren der Einsatz von radikalchemischen Methoden für die Synthese und Modifikation von AS größere Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen, da sie einen schnellen Zugang zu einer Vielzahl neuartiger unnatürlicher AS (UAS) mit einer breiten Palette von Strukturmotiven ermöglichen. In diesem Kurzaufsatz geben wir einen umfassenden Überblick über die Fortschritte, die in diesem Bereich in den letzten zehn Jahren erzielt wurden und konzentrieren uns dabei auf Methoden für die De‐novo‐Synthese von α‐,β‐ und γ‐AS sowie auf die selektive Derivatisierung kanonischer und nichtkanonischer AS.
Trapping Transient RNA Complexes by Chemically Reversible Acylation
Authors: Velema Willem A. , Park Hyun Shin , Kadina Anastasia , Orbai Lucian , Kool Eric T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRNA‐RNA interactions are essential for biology, but they can be difficult to study due to their transient nature. While crosslinking strategies can in principle be used to trap such interactions, virtually all existing strategies for crosslinking are poorly reversible, chemically modifying the RNA and hindering molecular analysis. We describe a soluble crosslinker design (BINARI) that reacts with RNA through acylation. We show that it efficiently crosslinks noncovalent RNA complexes with mimimal sequence bias and establish that the crosslink can be reversed by phosphine reduction of azide trigger groups, thereby liberating the individual RNA components for further analysis. The utility of the new approach is demonstrated by reversible protection against nuclease degradation and trapping transient RNA complexes of E. coli DsrA‐rpoS derived bulge‐loop interactions, which underlines the potential of BINARI crosslinkers to probe RNA regulatory networks.
Sub‐10 nm Aggregation‐Induced Emission Quantum Dots Assembled by Microfluidics for Enhanced Tumor Targeting and Reduced Retention in the Liver
Authors: Li Xuanyu , Zha Menglei , Li Yaxi , Ni Jen‐Shyang , Min Tianliang , Kang Tianyi , Yang Guang , Tang Hao , Li Kai , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA robust platform is developed to assemble sub‐10 nm organic aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) particles using four different AIE luminogens (AIEgens) with emissions from green to the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II). They are called AIE quantum dots (QDs) to distinguish from typical AIE dots which are larger than 25 nm. Compared with AIE dots that are larger than 25 nm, AIE QDs allow more efficient cellular uptake and imaging without surface modification of any membrane‐penetrating peptides or other targeting molecules. NIR‐II AIEgens, which have nearly no background fluorescence from organisms, are used to demonstrate that AIE QDs can achieve high contrast at the tumor as small as 80 mm3 and evade the liver more efficiently than AIE dots. AIE QDs hold a good promise for sensitive and precise diagnosis of the latent solid tumor in clinical medicine with much lower off‐targeting to the liver than AIE dots.
Molecular Engineering of Azobenzene‐Based Anolytes Towards High‐Capacity Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Zu Xihong , Zhang Leyuan , Qian Yumin , Zhang Changkun , Yu Guihua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising alternatives for large‐scale energy storage. However, new organic redox‐active molecules with good chemical stability and high solubility are still desired for high‐performance aqueous RFBs due to their low crossover capability and high abundance. We report azobenzene‐based molecules with hydrophilic groups as new active materials for aqueous RFBs by utilizing the reversible redox activity of azo groups. By rationally tailoring the molecular structure of azobenzene, the solubility is favorably improved from near zero to 2 M due to the highly charged asymmetric structure formed in alkaline environment. DFT simulations suggest that the concentrated solution stability can be enhanced by adding hydrotropic agent to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The demonstrated RFB exhibits long cycling stability with a capacity retention of 99.95 % per cycle over 500 cycles. It presents a viable chemical design route towards advanced aqueous RFBs.
TTF‐Annulated Silicon Phthalocyanine Oligomers and Their External‐Stimuli‐Responsive Orientational Ordering
Authors: Shiina Yuta , Kage Yuto , Furukawa Ko , Wang Heng , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Furuta Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Nagao , Shimizu Soji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOrientational control of functional molecules is essential to create complex functionalities as seen in nature; however, such artificial systems have remained challenge. Herein, we have succeeded in controlling rotational isomerism of μ‐oxo silicon phthalocyanine (SiPc) oligomers to achieve an external‐stimuli‐responsive orientational ordering using intermolecular interactions of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF). In this system, three modes of orientations, free rotation, eclipsed conformation, and staggered conformation, were interconverted in response to the oxidation states of TTF, which varied interactions from association due to formation of mixed‐valence TTF dimer to dissociation due to electrostatic repulsion between TTF dications. Furthermore, a stable performance of oligomers as a cathode material in a Li‐ion battery proved that the one‐dimensionally stacked, rotatable structure of SiPc oligomers is useful to control the orientation of functional molecules toward molecular electronics.
The effects of sulfides and sulfur/phosphorus‐containing compounds on coke formation during thermal cracking of light naphtha
Authors: Ding Xudong , Wang Zhiyuan , Wang Boyan , Xing Zhihong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, coke deposits during thermal cracking of light naphtha in the presence of sulfur‐ and sulfur/phosphorous‐containing compounds with different addition methods were investigated from the points of morphology and structure. Sulfur/phosphorous‐containing compounds were applied by continuous addition, pretreatment, and pretreatment followed by continuous addition. As for continuous addition, the amount of coke was decreased with increasing the mass concentration of sulfides in short‐term cracking periods. Catalytic coke was inhibited because of passivating the metal by sulfides at the initial stage of coking process. When phosphides were combined with the mixture of sulfides, the coke formation was further decreased as the synergistic effects of adsorption of sulfur and phosphorous onto the metal led to the decreased activity of metal surface. In the case of pretreatment with sulfur/phosphorous, the reduction in coke formation at the initial stage of cracking process was due to the adsorption of S/P‐containing radicals on the oxide film. In further cracking operation, an enrichment of Fe and Ni in the oxide layer from the pretreatment process leads to the appearance of coke filaments in coke layers. The combined addition method, the surface pretreatment with dimethyl disulfide (DMDS)/triphenyl phosphite (TPPI) followed by continuous addition of sulfides/TPPI in the feed, shows the best coking inhibition performance. The inhibition rate is up to 88.8% and 78.5% respectively when the cracking time is 1 and 3 h. The combined application strengthened the coverage of catalytic activity sites by sulfur/phosphorous‐containing radicals. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that the structural characteristics of coke deposit at the applied conditions were mainly amorphous coke. Variant coke filaments were also observed at the conditions of pretreatment and pretreatment followed by continuous addition. The analyses of Raman spectra indicated that the application methods decreased the graphitization degree of coke deposited and increased the structure defects of the coke matrix. During naphtha cracking, sulfur/phosphorous‐containing compounds reduced dehydrogenation and condensation by which hydrocarbons were degraded to coke.
Population genetics of freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) in central Massachusetts and implications for conservation
Authors: Farrington Stefanie J. , King Richard W. , Baker John A. , Gibbons John G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera is an ecologically important globally endangered species, yet little is known about its biodiversity and population genetics in North American populations. This study focused on M. margaritifera from six locations within two stream systems in central and eastern Massachusetts, USA, to understand the historical impact of damming and habitat fragmentation on local population structure and genetic diversity.
Approximately 300 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms were generated from 59 individuals across six geographical locations, using the restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing approach. Genotypes were also gleaned from publicly available RNA sequencing data of 23 French M. margaritifera samples.
Predictions of population structure using discriminant analysis of principal components and fastStructure both indicate the existence of a single genetic population in central and eastern Massachusetts, and a clear separation from French individuals. This observation is further supported by frequency‐based calculations of population genetics, which indicate near‐complete admixture and a high number of migrants between Massachusetts sites.
These results suggest that the effects of habitat fragmentation from damming in the past century have not radiated through the Massachusetts population of M. margaritifera, potentially because of the long lifespan and generation time of the species. However, the Massachusetts population has similar levels of genetic diversity to the endangered populations in Europe, and these factors should be considered by conservationists when creating conservation and management plans.
The findings of this study suggest that populations in North America are reasonably healthy and diverse and that, as one population, the study area represents one conservation unit. This indicates that dam removal, habitat restoration, and captive breeding programmes may be viable options to increase the small population numbers and retain a substantial portion of genetic diversity without sacrificing local adaptation.
Uniform synchronization for chaotic systems via event‐triggered aperiodic intermittent control
Authors: Yang Meng , Liu Bin , Liu Tao , Liu Dong‐Nan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the uniform synchronization for chaotic systems via event‐triggered aperiodic intermittent control (E‐APIC). A synchronization scheme via E‐APIC is proposed for master‐slave chaotic systems. Based on the error state and three indices of threshold‐value, check‐period, and control‐free index, E‐APIC is designed and the synchronization is achieved by such an E‐APIC. Also, a simplified E‐APIC is derived by letting the control‐free index trend to zero. With respect to the uncertainties, the simplified E‐APIC is strengthened to be robust for the uniform synchronization. Moreover, in order to compare with the synchronization schemes via periodic intermittent control (PIC), time‐based aperiodic intermittent control (T‐APIC), and event‐triggered impulsive control (ETIC), criteria of synchronization via PIC and T‐APIC and the scheme of ETIC are given respectively. And by using the same control width, the theoretical results on rate of control (RoC) and number of control (NoC) are derived respectively and show that E‐APIC has less RoC and NoC than both PIC and T‐APIC. The chaotic Chua's system is used to test the uniform synchronization via PIC, T‐APIC, E‐APIC, and ETIC. The numerical simulations show that E‐APIC has better performances on aspects of NoC, RoC, cost, and average non‐control width than PIC, T‐APIC, and ETIC.
Investigation of Path‐Dependent Degradation in Lithium‐Ion Batteries**
Authors: Raj Trishna , Wang Andrew A. , Monroe Charles W. , Howey David A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractModels that predict battery lifetime require knowledge of the causes of degradation and operating conditions that accelerate it. Batteries experience two ageing modes: calendar ageing at rest and cyclic ageing during the passage of current. Existing empirical ageing models treat these as independent, but degradation may be sensitive to their order and periodicity – a phenomenon that has been called “path dependence”. This experimental study of path dependence probes whether interactions between ageing conditions can impact a battery's state of health. Groups of graphite/NCA 18650 lithium‐ion cells were exposed to load profiles consisting of similar proportions of calendar and cyclic ageing applied in various orders. Load profiles at higher C‐rates exhibited path dependence, which differential voltage analysis correlates with increased anode degradation. These results suggest that more accurate ageing models should include the possible coupling between calendar and cyclic ageing modes.
Thermoluminescence study of CaNa2(SO4)2 phosphor doped with Eu3+ and synthesized by combustion method
Authors: Bargat S.R. , Parauha Yatish R. , Mishra G.C. , Dhoble S.J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of an Eu3+‐doped CaNa2(SO4)2 phosphor were studied. The Eu3+‐doped CaNa2(SO4)2 phosphor was synthesized using the combustion method. The samples were well crystallized in the monoclinic phase. The TL glow curve of the Eu3+‐doped CaNa2(SO4)2 phosphor showed a single prominent peak at around 210°C with showed linearity on increasing exposure. The response curve of the synthesized phosphor showed linearity in the range 500–7000 Gy. Trapping parameters of synthesized phosphors such as activation energy, frequency factor, and order of kinetics were calculated in the study. These trapping parameters were determined by different methods such as Chen’s peak method, the initial rise method, and Ilich’s method. Each characteristic of these outcomes demonstrated that the synthesized Eu3+‐doped CaNa2(SO4)2 phosphor had outstanding TL properties and might be valuable for TL dosimetry application.
Impact on postoperative complications of changes in skeletal muscle mass during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastro-oesophageal cancer
Authors: Boer R B , Jones K I , Ash S , Boxel G I , Gillies R S , O'Donnell T , Ruurda J P , Sgromo B , Silva M A , Maynard N D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Risk assessment is relevant to predict postoperative outcomes in patients with gastro-oesophageal cancer. This cohort study aimed to assess body composition changes during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and investigate their association with postoperative complications.

Methods
Consecutive patients with gastro-oesophageal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery with curative intent between 2016 and 2019 were identified from a specific database and included in the study. CT images before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were used to assess the skeletal muscle index, sarcopenia, and subcutaneous and visceral fat index.

Results
In a cohort of 199 patients, the mean skeletal muscle index decreased during neoadjuvant therapy (from 51·187 to 49·19 cm2/m2; P &lt; 0·001) and the rate of sarcopenia increased (from 42·2 to 54·3 per cent; P &lt; 0·001). A skeletal muscle index decrease greater than 5 per cent was not associated with an increased risk of total postoperative complications (odds ratio 0·91, 95 per cent c.i. 0·52 to 1·59; P = 0·736) or severe complications (odds ratio 0·66, 0·29 to 1·53; P = 0·329).

Conclusion
Skeletal muscle index decreased during neoadjuvant therapy but was not associated with postoperative complications.
Comparison between the effects of elective nodal irradiation and involved‐field irradiation on long‐term survival in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients: A prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled study in China
Authors: Lyu Jiahua , Yisikandaer Abulimiti , Li Tao , Zhang Xiaozhi , Wang Xiaohu , Tian Zhongge , Chen Long , Lu Bing , Chen Hong , Yang Jie , Wang Qifeng , Zhang Jinnrong , Ma Youguo , Liu Rui , Liu Ruifeng , Hage Aiguri , Lang Jinyi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study's initial results revealed significant decreases in treatment‐related esophagitis and pneumonitis cases in patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with involved‐field irradiation (IFI), compared to elective nodal irradiation (ENI). This report outlines the long‐term trial results, specifically; overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), metastasis‐free survival (MFS), and locoregional progression‐free survival (LRFS).Materials and MethodsStage II–III thoracic ESCC patients were assigned randomly, in a 1:1 ratio, into either the ENI or IFI arm. Radiation therapy was delivered once a day in 1.8‐2.0 Gy fractions to a total dose of 60.0‐66.0 Gy to the gross tumor volume and 50.0‐54.0 Gy to the clinical target volume. The primary endpoints were acute treatment‐related esophagitis and pneumonitis. The results for the primary endpoints were previously published in 2018. In this article, we analyzed the secondary endpoints including PFS, LRFS, MFS, and OS.ResultsBetween April 2012 and October 2016, 228 patients from nine participating centers in China were enrolled into this study and randomly assigned to two treatment groups. For ENI and IFI groups, respectively, the results showed similarity and were as follows: median PFS (20.3 months vs 21.4 months), OS (32.5 months vs 34.9 months), MFS (28.2 months vs 26.0 months), and LRFS (25.0 months vs 26.6 months). In particular, respective OS rates in the ENI and IFI groups were 84.6% and 82.5% after 1 year, 45.1% and 48.7% after 3 years, and 29.8% and 30.7% at 5 years. PFS rates after 1, 3, and 5 years were 58.9%, 34.2%, and 26.9%, respectively, in the ENI arm compared to 64.4%, 30.8%, and 27.7%, respectively, in the IFI arm. Multivariate analysis identified clinical stage and tumor responses as independent predictors of OS. Meanwhile, tumor location, cStage, and tumor response were identified as independent factors influencing PFS.ConclusionIFI was associated with similar survival as ENI in patients with thoracic ESCC, suggesting that IFI is an acceptable treatment method for thoracic ESCC.
Leave or stay? The role of self‐construal on luxury brand attitudes and purchase intentions in response to brand rejection
Authors: Liu Xian , Loken Barbara , Wang Liangyan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMarketing managers of luxury brands often use exclusionary marketing tactics that can lead consumers to feel rejected by those brands. In our research, we examine whether consumers with independent self‐construals are more likely than those with interdependent self‐construals to downgrade their evaluations of a luxury brand when feeling rejected by it. Results of three studies support this hypothesis. Using a manipulation of brand rejection with hypothetical future scenarios, study 1 provides evidence that consumers with a higher chronic independent (versus interdependent) self‐construal are more likely to lower their brand attitudes and purchase intentions of a desirable luxury brand that rejects them. Study 2 replicates the moderating effect of self‐construal at a cultural level, comparing Chinese and American respondents. Study 3 again compares self‐construals at a cultural level, but manipulates brand rejection by asking respondents to recall a prior rejection experience. Importantly, Study 3 reveals a mediating influence of self‐brand connection. That is, independents, when recalling an experience of luxury brand rejection, were more likely than interdependents to report a decrease in their feelings of connectedness to the rejecting brand, which in turn resulted in lower attitudes toward the brand and lower purchase intentions. Our findings provide luxury brand marketers with insights for both niche branding strategy design and cross‐cultural customer relationship management.
Evaluation of STAT3 decoy oligodeoxynucleotides' synergistic effects on radiation and/or chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer cell line
Authors: Johari Behrooz , Rahmati Mohammad , Nasehi Leila , Mortazavi Yousef , Faghfoori Mohammad Hasan , Rezaeejam Hamed 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy has been a major problem of conventional cancer therapies, which consequently leads to cancer relapse and cancer‐related death. It is known that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a key role in therapy resistance and CSC‐based targeted therapies have been considered as a powerful tool for cancer treatment. In the current study, we investigated the synergistic effects of suppressing signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) function by decoy ODNs on X‐irradiation (XI) and methotrexate (MTX) exposure as a combinational therapy in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Lipofectamine 2000® was used as a transfecting agent and the cells treated with Scramble ODNs (SCR) and decoy ODNs were subjected to irradiation with 2 Gy at single/fractionated (XI group) doses, different concentration of MTX group, and X‐irradiation‐methotrexate (XI/MTX group). Synergistic effects of STAT3 SCR and decoy ODNs on cells were investigated by cell viability (MTT), cell cycle profile, apoptosis rate, migration, and invasion assays. Statistical analysis of obtained data showed that STAT3 decoy ODNs significantly decreased the cell viability, arrested the growth at G0/G1 phase, increased apoptosis rate, and reduced migrated and invaded cells through transwell membrane, in XI, MTX, and XI/MTX exposed groups. Since STAT3 is a master transcription factor in breast cancer cells stemness, aggressiveness, TNBC's heterogeneity, and therapy resistance; therefore, inhibition of this transcription factor by decoy ODNs could increase antitumor efficiencies of XI and MTX exposure strategies. Accordingly, this method could have the potential to increase the efficiency of combination therapies.
Percutaneous coronary interventions on vein graft bifurcation lesions presenting as an acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Feghaly Julien , Muskula Preetham , Kumar Sundeep , Helmy Tarek 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInterventions on graft bifurcation lesions are uncommon, especially in the setting of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). We described three cases of graft bifurcation intervention where we tailored our approach based on lesion characteristics, anatomy, and angulation to achieve excellent angiographic and clinical outcomes. In case 1, shared ostia of saphenous vein graft (SVG) to Diagonal (D) and Radial graft to Obtuse Marginal (OM) was severely stenosed. We prioritized the radial arterial graft as it is known to have a longer patency rate over a totally occluded SVG of an undetermined period. We performed provisional stenting of the ostium of the radial artery and balloon angioplasty of the SVG ostium, while stenting the body of the SVG. In case 2 (bifurcation lesion at the anastomosis of SVG to D1 and sequential jump graft to OM), we utilized a V stenting strategy after an embolization protection device (EPD) was deployed in the branch with a suitable landing zone. Kissing balloon dilatation of both the branches was performed both pre‐ and poststenting. In case 3 (bifurcation lesion at SVG to OM and Sequential “T” graft to diagonal), there was >90% angulation between both the grafts. We used “T” stenting strategy in this case. At 2‐year follow‐up, patients had no major adverse cardiovascular events since and remained symptom free.