bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inductive Heating Assisted-Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Tetralin as a Hydrogen Source for Downhole Catalytic Upgrading of Heavy Oil
Authors: Hart Abarasi , Adam Mohamed , Robinson John P. , Rigby Sean P. , Wood Joseph 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Toe-to-Heel Air Injection (THAI) combined with a catalytic add-on (CAPRI, CATalytic upgrading PRocess In-situ) have been a subject of investigation since 2002. The major challenges have been catalyst deactivation due to coke deposition and low temperatures (~ 300 °C) of the mobilised hot oil flowing over the catalyst packing around the horizontal well. Tetralin has been used to suppress coke formation and also improve upgraded oil quality due to its hydrogen-donor capability. Herein, inductive heating (IH) incorporated to the horizontal production well is investigated as one means to resolve the temperature shortfall. The effect of reaction temperature on tetralin dehydrogenation and hydrogen evolution over NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst at 250–350 °C, catalyst-to-steel ball ratio (70% v/v), 18 bar and 0.75 h−1 was investigated. As temperature increased from 250 to 350 °C, tetralin conversion increased from 40 to 88% while liberated hydrogen increased from 0.36 to 0.88 mol based on 0.61 mol of tetralin used. The evolved hydrogen in situ hydrogenated unreacted tetralin to trans and cis-decalins with the selectivity of cis-decalin slightly more at 250 °C while at 300–350 °C trans-decalin showed superior selectivity. With IH the catalyst bed temperature was closer to the desired temperature (300 °C) with a mean of 299.2 °C while conventional heating is 294.3 °C. This thermal advantage and the nonthermal effect from electromagnetic field under IH improved catalytic activity and reaction rate, though coke formation increased.
Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Lime-Softening Sludge Used as Landfill Liners
Authors: Dąbska Agnieszka 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe research goal was to investigate the hydraulic conductivity of compacted lime-softening sludge as a material to be applied to landfill liners. In doing so, the effect of compaction and moulding moisture content on the sludge hydraulic conductivity was assessed. An approximate polynomial k10meanat hydraulic gradients ≥30 for degree of compaction (0.95–1.05) and moulding moisture content (28%–36%) was determined. The results of short-term tap water permeation tests revealed that all hydraulic conductivity values were less than 2.5•10–8 m/s. A lowest hydraulic conductivity of 6.5•10–9 m/s, as well as a corresponding moisture content of 31% were then established. The long-term hydraulic conductivity was measured with tap water, distilled water, NaOH and HCl solutions and municipal waste leachate. The factors of permeating liquids and permeation time significantly affected the initial hydraulic conductivity. The long-term hydraulic conductivity increased for NaOH and HCl solutions and decreased for tap and distilled water. A significant reduction of hydraulic conductivity was observed for leachate permeation. The investigated material met the requirements for the liner systems of inert landfill sites regardless of pH and the limit value for hazardous and non-hazardous waste landfills.
Enhanced interlayer trapping of Pb(II) ions within kaolinite layers: intercalation, characterization, and sorption studies
Authors: Maged Ali , Ismael Ismael Sayed , Kharbish Sherif , Sarkar Binoy , Peräniemi Sirpa , Bhatnagar Amit 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLead (Pb(II)) pollution in water poses a serious threat to human health in many parts of the world. In the past decades, research has been aimed at developing efficient and cost-effective methods to address the problem. In this study, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and potassium acetate (K-Ac) intercalated kaolinite complexes were synthesized and subsequently utilized for Pb(II) removal from water. The intercalation of kaolinite with DMSO was found to be useful for expanding the interlayer space of the clay mineral from 0.72 to 1.12 nm. Kaolinite intercalation with K-Ac (KDK) increased the interlayer space from 1.12 to 1.43 nm. The surface area of KDK was found to be more than threefold higher as compared to natural kaolinite (NK). Batch experimental results revealed that the maximum Pb(II) uptake capacity of KDK was 46.45 mg g−1which was higher than the capacity of NK (15.52 mg g−1). Reusability studies showed that KDK could be reused for 5 cycles without substantially losing its adsorption capacity. Furthermore, fixed-bed column tests confirmed the suitability of KDK in continuous mode for Pb(II) removal. Successful application of intercalated kaolinite for Pb(II) adsorption in batch and column modes suggests its application in water treatment (especially removal of divalent metals).
Study of Energy Harvesting from Low-Frequency Vibration with Ferromagnetic Powder and Non-magnetic Fluid
Authors: Shirai Haruhiko , Mitamura Hiromichi , Arai Nobuaki , Moriya Kazuyuki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe movement of the creature and the almost wave in the ocean is a low vibration of random energy with a frequency range of 0.1–10 Hz. Because of its low frequency, the opinion has been that electrical energy generation from this low-frequency wave motion through the electromagnetic induction method is difficult. In this study, an electrical generator was created by the electromagnetic induction method by putting a small mass of ferromagnetic powder in nonmagnetic fluid. A broadband vibration energy harvesting model was created in which vibrations are broadened through a multi-degree of freedom oscillation system using ferromagnetic powder. To generate electricity from low-frequency vibrations (1 Hz or less), a non-resonant type model was created by adding fluid to the ferromagnetic powder model and the simulation results confirmed using computational fluid dynamics by creating a working energy harvesting device.
A Different Conversation: Psychological Research and the Problem of Self in Autism
Authors: Fasulo Alessandra 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObservations about peculiarities in the autistic population concerning type and frequency of references to subjective states, and lack of perspective taking, have been on the whole referred to as the paradox of the autistic self, i.e. a co-presence of ego-centeredness and weak self-referentiality (Lombardo & Baron Cohen 2010). Prevalent approaches in autism ascribe these peculiarities to high order disfunctions caused by neurological factors, such as defective self-encoding processes. Two narratives told by an adult man with Asperger during counselling are examined with Conversation Analysis; the analysis identifies features that may lead to descriptions like the paradox of autistic self, but also reveals competences related to perspective-taking and narrative construction. Drawing on Bruner’s narrative theory, as well on recent interactional research on autism and the psychology of self, it is suggested that a relatively limited practice with narrative co-construction might be at the origin of the peculiarities observed. A socio-developmental approach to the understanding of autism not only can provide explanations compatible with first and second person accounts of life with autism, but can also open new paths for researching ways of self-construction that are less reliant on social interaction. The article finally challenges assumptions in psychological research about the ability of humans to access their internal states, and discusses how such assumptions can deter understanding of atypical populations.
Impacts of culture-wise shrimp farming activities on hydrogeochemistry: a case study from Chidambaram taluk, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Rajendran Gangadharan , Peter Nila Rekha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractShrimp farming is one of the most important aquaculture practices in terms of area, production, employment and foreign exchange generation in India. In recent years, the growth and intensification of shrimp farms in the study area have been explosive, and setting up of new shrimp farms along the coastal areas has also become a matter of apprehension among the environmentalists. An extensive survey made by environmentalists elsewhere shows mixed opinion, but ascertains the real scenario as facts. A total of about 46 groundwater samples were collected in five phases: pre-culture, summer culture, immediately after summer harvest (IASH), winter culture and immediately after winter culture, respectively. The results revealed that the high value of TDS, Na, Cl and Br is observed in IASH, and also, the spatial distribution map confirmed that higher concentration is observed near to the creek and sea. Moreover, the abundance of these ions is in the following order: Na > Ca > Mg > k and Cl > HCO3 > SO4 > CO3 > NO3 > Br for different culture periods, respectively. Piper diagram depicts that the groundwater was controlled by ion exchange reactions. Further, Chadha’s classification revealed that the reverse ion exchange was the dominated feature, and it is supported by various ionic indices such as Na/Cl versus EC, (Ca + Mg) versus (SO4 + HCO3), (Na–Cl) versus (Ca + Mg–HCO3–SO4), (Ca + Mg) versus Cl and Na/Cl versus Cl, respectively. The result of factor analysis shows that most of the variations are elucidated by the seawater intrusion, rock–water interactions and anthropogenic activities during different culture periods. The spatial distribution map of factor scores clearly delineates that the positive values are observed near to the creek and sea and in that, shrimp farming area is not predominated. R-mode cluster analysis shows that groundwater quality does not vary extensively as a function of culture periods. Moreover, Q-mode classification consists of two clusters: the first cluster has a high saline water concentration comprising samples location near to the creek and sea. The second cluster mainly depends upon rock–water interactions and the majority of shrimp farming area are grouped under these categories. The above statements clearly indicate that groundwater parameters mainly depend upon the geological process and that shrimp farming cannot be targeted as the root cause for groundwater salinization.
Simulation of multiphase flow pattern, effective distance and filling ratio in hydraulic fracture
Authors: Pei Yuxin , Zhang Nanlin , Zhou Huaxing , Zhang Shengchuan , Zhang Wei , Zhang Jinhong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHydraulic fracturing is a key measure to increase production and transform oil and gas reservoirs, which plays an important role in oil and gas field development. Common hydraulic fracturing is of inevitable bottlenecks such as difficulty in sand adding, sand plugging, equipment wearing and fracturing fluid damage. To solve these problems, a new type of fracturing technology, i.e., the self-propping fracturing technology is currently under development. Technically, the principle is to inject a self-propping fracturing liquid system constituting a self-propping fracturing liquid and a channel fracturing liquid into the formation. Self-propping fracturing liquid changes from liquid to solid through phase transition under the formation temperature, replacing proppants such as ceramic particles and quartz sand to achieve the purpose of propping hydraulic fractures. The flow pattern, effective distance and filling ratio of the self-propping fracturing liquid system in the hydraulic fracture are greatly affected by the parameters such as the fluid leak-off rate, surface tension and injection velocity. In this paper, a set of mathematical models for the flow distribution of self-propping fracturing liquid system considering fluid leak-off was established to simulate the flow pattern, effective distance, as well as filling ratio under different leak-off rates, surface tensions and injection velocities. The mathematical model was verified by physical experiments, proving that the mathematical model established herein could simulate the flow of self-propping fracturing liquid systems in hydraulic fractures. In the meantime, these results have positive impacts on the research of interface distribution of liquid–liquid two-phase flow.
Structural insights into substrate recognition by the type VII secretion system
Authors: Wang Shuhui , Zhou Kaixuan , Yang Xiaolin , Zhang Bing , Zhao Yao , Xiao Yu , Yang Xiuna , Yang Haitao , Guddat Luke W. , Li Jun , Rao Zihe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractType VII secretion systems (T7SSs) are found in many disease related bacteria includingMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb). ESX-1 [early secreted antigen 6 kilodaltons (ESAT-6) system 1] is one of the five subtypes (ESX-1~5) of T7SSs inMtb, where it delivers virulence factors into host macrophages during infection. However, little is known about the molecular details as to how this occurs. Here, we provide high-resolution crystal structures of the C-terminal ATPase3domains of EccC subunits from four differentMtbT7SS subtypes. These structures adopt a classic RecA-likeɑ/βfold with a conserved Mg-ATP binding site. The structure of EccCb1 in complex with the C-terminal peptide of EsxB identifies the location of substrate recognition site and shows how the specific signaling module “LxxxMxF” forMtbESX-1 binds to this site resulting in a translation of the bulge loop. A comparison of all the ATPase3structures shows there are significant differences in the shape and composition of the signal recognition pockets across the family, suggesting that distinct signaling sequences of substrates are required to be specifically recognized by different T7SSs. A hexameric model of the EccC-ATPase3is proposed and shows the recognition pocket is located near the central substrate translocation channel. The diameter of the channel is ~25-Å, with a size that would allow helix-bundle shaped substrate proteins to bind and pass through. Thus, our work provides new molecular insights into substrate recognition forMtbT7SS subtypes and also a possible transportation mechanism for substrate and/or virulence factor secretion.
Biogenic synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles using Manihot esculenta (Crantz) leaf extract
Authors: Essien Enobong R. , Atasie Violette N. , Okeafor Anastecia O. , Nwude Davies O. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecently, plant-mediated route or green approach for preparing metal and metal oxide nanoparticles has received enormous attention due to the ease of preparation and environmental friendliness when compared to physical and chemical methods. Plants contain phytochemicals which have been proposed as bio-reductants and capping agents for forming metal nanoparticles. Therefore, this study was aimed to prepare magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) using aqueous extract of Manihot esculenta leaf. The leaf extract was first analyzed in a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer (GC–MS) to examine the phytochemicals present. Then, the MgONPs formed were evaluated using UV–Visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, to confirm the formation of MgONPs and to determine the morphology, elemental composition, shape and size, phase composition and nature of bonds present in the sample. Results revealed the formation of monodisperse, hexagonal shaped MgONPs of average size 36.7 nm having potentials for application in catalysis and as antimicrobial agent. Hence the process reported herein could be optimized for large-scale preparation of MgONPs.
Influence of tire-derived aggregates mixed with ballast on ground-borne vibrations
Authors: Fathali Masoud , Esmaeili Morteza , Moghadas Nejad Fereidoon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the use of recycled tire-derived aggregates (TDA) mixed with ballast material is evaluated in order to reduce the train-induced ground-borne vibrations. For this purpose, a series of field vibration measurements has been carried out at an executed pilot track. The prepared ballast layer was mixed with different percentages of TDA in three sections. Moreover, another test section with pure ballast is considered as a reference. The vibrations generated by a motor-powered draisine at two different speeds are then recorded. Records of vibration data are provided using four seismometers placed once longitudinally and once transversely beside different sections. The outputs are then processed in both velocity–time and velocity–frequency domains. To verify the vibration mitigation performance of TDA in real operation conditions, field measurements under the passage of two planned passenger and freight trains are finally arranged. Results show that the best TDA mixture ratio, i.e., 10% by weight, can reduce the transmitted vibrations up to 12 dB for frequencies above 31.5 Hz. According to the obtained efficiency and the very low cost of the recycled materials, this solution can be considered as a competitive vibration countermeasure.
Prenatal Diagnosis of a Fetal Right Ventricular Diverticulum: A Case Report
Authors: Bansode Shalaka Arun , Balakrishnan Bijoy , Batra Meenu , Sreeja P. S. , Patil Swapneel N. , Gopinathan K. K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCardiac diverticulum is a rare anomaly. These are transmural localized protrusions, within the free wall of the ventricles. Diverticulum may be associated with pericardial effusion and complications such as pulmonary hypoplasia or hydrops fetalis. Pericardial effusion is the most frequently associated finding. Pericardial effusion should be considered as an indirect sign of the presence of cardiac diverticula. Delivery should be planned at a tertiary care center well equipped to deal with cardiac anomalies. Generally, the prognosis of the isolated cardiac diverticulum is excellent. We present a case of a prenatal diagnosis of right ventricular diverticulum at 20 weeks and 4 days of gestation associated with pericardial effusion. Spontaneous resolution of diverticulum and pericardial effusion was noted in the third trimester scan at around 35 weeks and 5 days. The baby was delivered at 39 weeks and 3 days of gestation by cesarean section for an obstetric indication. The baby was well at 1 year and 2 months of age at the time of writing. Fetal cardiac diverticulum if not associated with rhythm disturbance, signs of cardiac failure or other cardiac or extracardiac abnormality carries an excellent prognosis.
Vision, identity, and collective behavior change on pathways to sustainable futures
Authors: Chabay Ilan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe challenge facing humanity is to live sustainably within both the ecological and physical limits of our planet and the societal boundaries needed for social cohesion and well-being. This is fundamentally a societal issue, rather than primarily an environmental problem amenable to technological optimization. Implementing the global aspirations embodied in the sustainable development goals of the United Nations will require societal transformation largely through collective behavior change at multiple geographic scales and governance levels across the world. Narrative expressions of visions of sustainable futures and narrative expressions of identity provide important, but underutilized insights for understanding affordances and obstacles to collective behavior change. Analyzing affective narrative expressions circulating in various communities seeking to implement aspects of sustainability opens up the opportunity to test whether affectively prioritized agent-based models can lead to novel emergent dynamics of social movements seeking sustainable futures. Certain types of playful games also offer the means to observe collective behaviors, as well as providing boundary objects and learning environments to facilitate dialogs among diverse stakeholders. Games can be designed to stimulate learning throughout the life span, which builds capacity for continuing innovation for the well-being of societies in moving toward sustainable futures.
Catenary-Free Tramway Systems: Functional and Cost–Benefit Analysis for a Metropolitan Area
Authors: Guerrieri Marco 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
New tramway technologies such as “ground-level power supply systems” fit with the purpose of preserving historical heritage and urban environments of city centers. Such public transportation systems do not require a traditional air supply system (+ 750 V) and are therefore referred to as “catenary-free systems” (i.e., APS system, tramwave system, Primove system). Their implementation is becoming increasingly widespread, especially for cities with prestigious historical heritage, where high levels of environmental sustainability, capacity, reliability and safety standards are required. The study compares some of the most well-known and novel catenary-free systems for the creation of a 68-km tramway system, to be implemented in a metropolitan city. For each of the 7 new tramways, AIMSUN microsimulations were run to identify the most appropriate tramway track geometry and road section to minimize the interference with the vehicle activity. Moreover, for each system a financial and economic performance analysis has been carried out for an investment of about 869 million euros, while taking into account different scenarios of transportation demand. In addition, a cost–benefit analysis of the tramway lines investment project has been presented, including the calculation of the financial net present value, the economic net present value, rate of return of the investment and cost–benefit ratio. The analysis demonstrates that the APS ground-level power supply system is a proven alternative with greater economic and financial performance.
Feature Extraction-Based Real-Time Transient Stability Analysis
Authors: Saunders C. S. , Alamuti M. M. , Pisica I. , Taylor G. A. , Liu Y. , Liu J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith increasing amounts of asynchronous generation being deployed to meet system energy demands, many transmission corridors may become constrained by angular stability criteria rather than steady-state thermal limitations. In such a system, it is paramount to have the capability to rapidly evaluate the stability margins of the system, particularly in a threatened post-fault state. The use of single machine equivalents (SIME) has been shown to be a powerful and flexible hybrid stability analysis method which can be computed directly from measured PMU data. However, due to the nature of the system reduction employed by SIME, as well as the method of extrapolation to estimate stability margins, there are many cases where the swing of the system is not accurately modelled by the traditional methods until a significant amount of data has been collected, at which point it may be too late to respond to the threat. In this paper, we address some of the limitations imposed by the traditional methods of reduction and prediction. We propose a method where rather than identifying a single critical SIME model for stability prediction, a spectrum of SIME representations of the post-fault system is developed, yielding a more timely and accurate estimate of post-fault stability conditions, through observation and feature extraction.