bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on asthma control in patients with vitamin D deficiency: the ACVID randomised clinical trial
Authors: Andújar-Espinosa Rubén , Salinero-González Lourdes , Illán-Gómez Fátima , Castilla-Martínez Manuel , Hu-Yang Chunshao , Ruiz-López Francisco José 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe relationship between asthma and vitamin D deficiency has been known for some time. However, interventional studies conducted in this regard have shown conflicting results.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in asthmatic patients in improving the degree of control of asthma.MethodsRandomised, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in adult asthmatic patients with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 <30 ng/mL. The intervention group received oral supplementation with 16 000 IU of calcifediol per week, and the control group had placebo added to their usual asthma treatment. The study period was 6 months. The primary endpoint was the degree of asthma control as determined by the asthma control test (ACT). Secondary endpoints included quality of life measured using the mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, the number of asthma attacks, oral corticosteroid cycles, the dose of inhaled corticosteroids, number of emergency visits, unscheduled consultations with the primary care physician and hospitalisations for asthma.ResultsOne hundred and twelve patients were randomised (mean age 55 years, with 87 (78%) being women). Of the 112 patients, 106 (95%) completed the trial. Half the patients (56) were assigned to the intervention group and the other half to the control group. A statistically significant clinical improvement was observed in the intervention group (+3.09) compared with the control group (−0.57) (difference 3.66 (95% CI 0.89 to 5.43); p<0.001) as measured using ACT scores. Among the secondary endpoints, a significant improvement in the quality of life was found in the intervention group (5.34), compared with the control group (4.64) (difference 0.7 (95% CI 0.15 to 1.25); p=0.01).ConclusionAmong adults with asthma and vitamin D deficiency, supplementation with weekly oral calcifediol compared with placebo improved asthma control over 6 months. Further research is needed to assess long-term efficacy and safety.Trial registration numberNCT02805907.
Plate of ribs: single institution’s matched comparison of patients managed operatively and non-operatively for rib fractures
Authors: Griffard Jared , Daley Brian , Campbell Marc , Martins Danilo , Beam Zach , Rowe Sean , Taylor Jessica 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundRib fractures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in polytraumatized patients. There is considerable variability in the management (operative vs. non-operative) and timing of operative intervention. Although Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) guidelines recommend early operative intervention in patients with flail chest, there are no strong recommendations regarding operative fixation in patients with a non-flail chest rib fracture pattern.MethodsWe reviewed our Trauma Quality Improvement Program database for patients aged 18 to 99 who underwent operative intervention of ribs from January 2016 to July 2019. We examined hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, ventilator days, Injury Severity Score, age, discharge disposition and packed red blood cell transfusions. Similarly, we collected data from patients aged 18 to 99 who had one or more rib fractures in this time frame. We compared results in a 4:1 ratio of patients managed non-operatively to patients managed operatively. The patient groups were matched based on age, number of rib fractures and presence of bilateral rib fractures.ResultsBetween January 2016 and July 2019, 33 of 4189 total patients diagnosed with rib fractures underwent operative fixation; the matched non-operative group consisted of 132 patients. The statistically significant differences included presence of bilateral rib fractures, displaced rib fractures and flail chest segments. The median ICU days were longer in the operative group (6.0 vs. 3.5 days). A subgroup analysis of patients without flail segments demonstrated a significant presence of displaced rib fractures.Our single-institution matched comparison of outcomes in operative intervention versus Non-operative Management (NOM) of rib fractures found an increased median number of ICU days. Patients who underwent operative intervention often stayed in the ICU preoperatively and postoperatively for aggressive pulmonary hygiene and pain control, suggesting observer bias. The increased incidence of displaced rib fractures and the presence of a flail segment in the operative group demonstrate congruence with EAST guidelines. A subgroup analysis of patients without flail segment did not demonstrate differences in outcomes nor shoulder girdle injury characteristics.Level of evidenceThis article presents level III evidence that can be used by other clinicians to analyze eligibility for patients to undergo surgical stabilization of rib fracture (SSRF) and to provide counterarguments for performing SSRF in a heterogenous group of patients.
Automated evaluation of electroweak Sudakov logarithms in SHERPA
Authors: Bothmann Enrico , Napoletano Davide 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present an automated implementation for the calculation of one-loop double and single Sudakov logarithms stemming from electroweak radiative corrections within the SHERPA event generation framework, based on the derivation in Denner and Pozzorini (Eur Phys J C 18:461–480, 2001). At high energies, these logarithms constitute the leading contributions to the full NLO electroweak corrections. As examples, we show applications for relevant processes at both the LHC and future hadron colliders, namely on-shell W boson pair production, EW-induced dijet production and electron–positron production in association with four jets, providing the first estimate of EW corrections at this multiplicity.
Scholarly migration within Mexico: analyzing internal migration among researchers using Scopus longitudinal bibliometric data
Authors: Miranda-González Andrea , Aref Samin , Theile Tom , Zagheni Emilio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The migration of scholars is a major driver of innovation and of diffusion of knowledge. Although large-scale bibliometric data have been used to measure international migration of scholars, our understanding of internal migration among researchers is very limited. This is partly due to a lack of data aggregated at a suitable sub-national level. In this study, we analyze internal migration in Mexico based on over 1.1 million authorship records from the Scopus database. We trace the movements of scholars between Mexican states, and provide key demographic measures of internal migration for the 1996–2018 period. From a methodological perspective, we develop a new framework for enhancing data quality, inferring states from affiliations, and detecting moves from modal states for the purposes of studying internal migration among researchers. Substantively, we combine demographic and network science techniques to improve our understanding of internal migration patterns within country boundaries. The migration patterns between states in Mexico appear to be heterogeneous in size and direction across regions. However, while many scholars remain in their regions, there seems to be a preference for Mexico City and the surrounding states as migration destinations. We observed that over the past two decades, there has been a general decreasing trend in the crude migration intensity. However, the migration network has become more dense and more diverse, and has included greater exchanges between states along the Gulf and the Pacific Coast. Our analysis, which is mostly empirical in nature, lays the foundations for testing and developing theories that can rely on the analytical framework developed by migration scholars, and the richness of appropriately processed bibliometric data.
The Commuting Graphs on Dicyclic Groups
Authors: Chen Jing , Tang Lang 
Published: November 2020

For a group G and a non-empty subset Ω of G, the commuting graph [Formula: see text] of Ω is a graph whose vertex set is Ω and any two vertices are adjacent if and only if they commute in G. Define [Formula: see text], the dicyclic group of order [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], which is also known as the generalized quaternion group. We mainly investigate the properties and metric dimension of the commuting graphs on the dicyclic group [Formula: see text].
Guidance to Reduce the Cardiovascular Burden of Ambient Air Pollutants: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Kaufman Joel D. , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Bhatnagar Aruni , Koehler Kirsten , Balmes John R. , Sidney Stephen , Burroughs Peña Melissa S. , Dockery Douglas W. , Hou Lifang , Brook Robert D. , Laden Francine , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Bishop Kendrick Katherine , Turner Jay R. ,   On behalf of the American Heart Association Advocacy Coordinating Committee
Published: November 2020

In 2010, the American Heart Association published a statement concluding that the existing scientific evidence was consistent with a causal relationship between exposure to fine particulate matter and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and that fine particulate matter exposure is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Since the publication of that statement, evidence linking air pollution exposure to cardiovascular health has continued to accumulate and the biological processes underlying these effects have become better understood. This increasingly persuasive evidence necessitates policies to reduce harmful exposures and the need to act even as the scientific evidence base continues to evolve.
Policy options to mitigate the adverse health impacts of air pollutants must include the reduction of emissions through action on air quality, vehicle emissions, and renewable portfolio standards, taking into account racial, ethnic, and economic inequality in air pollutant exposure. Policy interventions to improve air quality can also be in alignment with policies that benefit community and transportation infrastructure, sustainable food systems, reduction in climate forcing agents, and reduction in wildfires. The health care sector has a leadership role in adopting policies to contribute to improved environmental air quality as well. There is also potentially significant private sector leadership and industry innovation occurring in the absence of and in addition to public policy action, demonstrating the important role of public-private partnerships. In addition to supporting education and research in this area, the American Heart Association has an important leadership role to encourage and support public policies, private sector innovation, and public-private partnerships to reduce the adverse impact of air pollution on current and future cardiovascular health in the United States.
Muslim Judges at the Road of Intersection
Authors: Shehada Nahda 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The work of Muslim judges in the shariʿa courts ranges from enforcing specific moral standards to redistributing wealth in accordance with Islamic inheritance norms. Judgments in cases involving divorce, alimony, and the custody of children are nonetheless part and parcel of the judges’ daily routine. This paper uses ethnographic work in Gaza–Palestine to explore whether, how, and why judges assert certain rules and norms on some occasions but make adjustments or accommodations on others during the process of adjudication. It tries to uncover certain ambivalences in the law and society that allow them to adjust situationally. Social factors such as gender, social status, educational background, and class are scrutinized to see how they are played out, together or separately, in the process of adjustment. Orality as a method is central to the judges’ work as well as to the analysis.
Believers without Religion: Trends and Paradoxes in Portuguese Society
Authors: Teixeira Alfredo , Vilaça Helena , Dix Steffen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
By analysing the result of a survey conducted in 2018 in the most populated metropolis in Portugal, this study seeks to make a sociological characterisation of ‘believers without religion’ from a dual perspective: on one hand, their proximity to the non-believers groups regarding religious practices; on the other hand, their adjacency to Portuguese cultural Catholicism with respect to beliefs and attitudes. The growth of this population expresses a paradox: their identity accounts for the subsistence of fragments of a late traditional religiosity, but also points to the emergence of new forms of individual beliefs, strongly marked by the effects of the ‘subjective turn.’ In this context, the lack of institutional regulation does not convey an undetermined universe of believers. Paradoxically, references to cultural Catholicism endure; however, they do so hand in hand with forms of religious abandonment, giving rise to various paths that lead to a growing estrangement from Catholicism.
Evaluating the Lagrangian Evolution of Subtropical Low Clouds in GCMs Using Observations: Mean Evolution, Time Scales, and Responses to Predictors
Authors: Eastman Ryan , Terai Christopher R. , Grosvenor Daniel P. , Wood Robert 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A Lagrangian framework is developed to show the daily-scale time evolution of low clouds over the eastern subtropical oceans. An identical framework is applied to two general circulation models (GCMs): the CAM5 and UKMET and a set of satellite observations. This approach follows thousands of parcels as they advect downwind in the subtropical trade winds, comparing cloud evolution in time and space. This study tracks cloud cover, in-cloud liquid water path (CLWP), droplet concentration N

d
, planetary boundary layer (PBL) depth, and rain rate as clouds transition from regions with predominately stratiform clouds to regions containing mostly trade cumulus. The two models generate fewer clouds with greater N

d
relative to observations. Models show stronger Lagrangian cloud cover decline and greater PBL deepening when compared with observations. In comparing frequency distributions of cloud variables over time, it is seen that models generate increasing frequencies of nearly clear conditions at the expense of overcast conditions, whereas observations show transitions from overcast to cloud amounts between 50% and 90%. Lagrangian decorrelation time scales (e-folding time τ) of cloud cover and CLWP are between 11 and 19 h for models and observations, although they are a bit shorter for models. A Lagrangian framework applied here resolves and compares the time evolution of cloud systems as they adjust to environmental perturbations in models and observations. Increasing subsidence in the overlying troposphere leads to declining cloud cover, CLWP, PBL depth, and rain rates in models and observations. Modeled cloud responses to other meteorological variables are less consistent with observations, suggesting a need for continuing mechanical improvements in GCMs.
Training non-mental health professionals to assess and manage suicide risk: Community level intervention for suicide prevention in Guatemala
Authors: Alonzo Dana , Popescu Marciana , Zubaroglu-Ioannides Pinar 
Published: November 2020

Background: Domestic violence, childhood physical and sexual abuse, and gang violence are prevalent and growing problems for Guatemalan youth, particularly in low socioeconomic (SES) areas. Resources in the community for psychosocial support are greatly lacking. Schools often serve as the main source of support for these highly vulnerable adolescents. Yet, many teachers lack the training to manage the psychological distress of their at-risk students and to properly engage, assess, and manage the psychological needs of their students. We developed a brief risk assessment and management training for teachers to address this gap. Aims: We present the acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of the training at increasing teacher’s knowledge and understanding of how to engage and work with their at-risk students around their thoughts and feelings of suicide. Method: Twenty-two teachers from a school in a low SES community in Guatemala participated in the training program. Mixed methods were used to explore effectiveness, acceptability, and satisfaction with the training. Primary outcomes assessed were changes in self-reported knowledge and understanding of engaging and working with students at risk of suicide. Results: Participants reported increased knowledge and understanding of all training targets ( p < .05). Acceptability was high as no participants dropped out and all participants rated the training as useful for their professional development, meeting their expectations, and as highly satisfying. Conclusion: Brief, focused training on suicidality can be effective and is acceptable to lay professionals. Further examination of the effectiveness of the training in a larger sample is required to assess the long-term impact of the training and its transportability to other communities.
Rationale and process transparency do not reduce perceived red tape: evidence from a survey experiment
Authors: Kaufmann Wesley , Ingrams Alex , Jacobs Daan 
Published: November 2020

Red tape is a salient societal problem but there is a dearth of research on how perceived red tape can be reduced. Building on the transparency literature, we hypothesize that higher levels of rationale and process transparency will result in lower levels of perceived red tape. We test our reasoning using a survey experiment. Specifically, we have US citizens rate the level of red tape associated with the burdensome process of obtaining a driver’s license at the Department of Motor Vehicles. We find that providing rationale and process transparency to citizens does not influence perceived red tape. Hence, organizations are advised to look for more fine-grained approaches to reduce perceptions of unnecessarily burdensome rules, while realizing that a certain level of perceived red tape is likely an unavoidable part of bureaucratic functioning. Points for practitioners The findings from this study show that merely being transparent about the rationale and process of a burdensome rule is not enough to reduce perceived red tape. Rather, policymakers and managers are advised to gain a better understanding of the different causes of red tape (disentangling genuine concerns from unfounded rhetoric), develop coherent strategies that adequately balance the trade-offs between organizational goals and citizen red tape, and be transparent about these trade-offs.
The Value of Statistics Contributing to Scoring in the NBA: A Quantitative Approach
Authors: Lackritz Jim , Horowitz Ira 
Published: November 2020

We model three years of National Basketball Association (NBA) data to calculate the number of points generated from assists, offensive rebounds, and steals. We partition the data into eight groups based on the combinations of occurrences (or not) of these three statistics in a made basket. A linear programming model solves for the coefficients of each of the three statistics in each combination, and the weighted average of the coefficients by combination frequency produces a final value for the points generated by each statistic. A fraction of these points is assigned to the player that made the assist, offensive rebound, or steal, with the remaining portion of the points scored assigned to the scorer. A scale for total points accounted for by a player from points scored, assists, offensive rebounds, and steals is developed and used to compare the offensive production of a sample of NBA players from the 2018–2019 season. JEL Classifications: C1, C3,C6, Z2
Culturally Sensitive Care: Definitions, Perceptions, and Practices of Health Care Professionals
Authors: Claeys Ann , Berdai-Chaouni Saloua , Tricas-Sauras Sandra , De Donder Liesbeth 
Published: November 2020

Introduction Research highlights that patients from ethnic minority groups often receive lower quality of care. This study contributes to the knowledge and understanding of culturally sensitive care and explores health care professionals’ definitions and perceptions of this concept and how they deliver this in practice. Method This qualitative study conducted a total of six focus groups ( n = 34) and four in-depth interviews with six categories of health care professionals in Belgium. Thematic content analysis was used. Results The results indicate that the concept of culturally sensitive care is perceived quite narrowly. Professionals are likely to portray their own frame of reference and find it challenging to show empathy with patients with a different background. Othering (micro-racism by defining “the other”) is a powerful example. Discussion The discussion reveals the significance of increasing cultural awareness and understanding, sensitizing about current narrow perceptions, and enhancing culturally sensitive care in the Belgian health care setting.
Off-label Use for Direct Oral Anticoagulants: Valvular Atrial Fibrillation, Heart Failure, Left Ventricular Thrombus, Superficial Vein Thrombosis, Pulmonary Hypertension—a Systematic Review
Authors: Brokmeier Hannah , Kido Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2020

Objective: To evaluate clinical literature for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) therapy for non–Food and Drug Administration approved indications. Data Sources: Articles from MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and OVID databases were reviewed from 1946 through September 4, 2020. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Fully published studies assessing DOACs for atrial fibrillation (AF) with valvular heart disease (VHD), heart failure (HF), left ventricular thrombus (LVT), superficial vein thrombosis (SVT), or pulmonary hypertension (PH) were evaluated. Data Synthesis: Our review showed that DOACs are safe to use in patients with AF and VHD except for mitral stenosis or mechanical heart valve. Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily should be used with caution in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction until further evaluation is performed. Four retrospective studies for DOAC use in patients with LVT showed conflicting results. One phase 3 randomized controlled trial showed noninferiority of rivaroxaban to fondaparinux for SVT treatment. The use of DOACs for pulmonary arterial hypertension was not evaluated in any clinical study, but 2 retrospective studies for the use of DOACs in patients with chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH) showed similar efficacy between DOACs and warfarin. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This review provides clinicians with a comprehensive literature review surrounding DOAC use in common off-label indications. Conclusion: DOACs can be considered for AF complicated by VHD except for mitral stenosis or mechanical valve replacement. DOACs (especially rivaroxaban) are considered as an alternative therapy for SVT and CTEPH. Further prospective studies for DOAC uses are needed for HF or LVT.