bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave Thermolysis Reduces Generalized and Social Anxiety in Young Adults With Axillary Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Parrish Carisa , Waldbaum Benjamin , Coleman Daniel , Blevins Carley , Rodgers Kristen , Lee Beverly , Ober Cecily , Hudhud Layla , Cox Solange , Griffin Candace , Chew Sunmi , Chen Bo , Brock Malcolm 
Published: March 2020

Background and ObjectiveHyperhidrosis (HH) is associated with impairments in quality of life (QOL) and elevated anxiety. Microwave thermolysis is a newer treatment that reduces sweating, yet effects on QOL and emotional symptoms have not been examined. Two treatment sessions are recommended to achieve 80% amelioration of clinical HH. We hypothesized that microwave thermolysis would reduce sweat severity, improve QOL, and reduce anxiety in young adults suffering from axillary HH in a prospective clinical trial.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 24 young adults (mean age = 23.57 years, 54% female) with elevated scores on the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale. All participants received one session of microwave thermolysis, and 83% received two sessions. Participants completed measures of sweat severity, QOL, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, social avoidance, and anxious/depressive mood symptoms at baseline; post‐first treatment; and following second treatment.ResultsAt baseline, all participants had severe sweating; 87.5% had impaired QOL, 75% had elevated social anxiety, 50% with generalized anxiety, 48% with social avoidance, and 38% with anxious/depressed mood. Paired samples t tests indicated significant improvements from baseline to first procedure, including decreased sweating (t(21) = 5.68, P < 0.001), improved QOL (t(23) = 4.97, P < 0.001), and decreased generalized anxiety (t(23) = 8.11, P < 0.001), social anxiety (t(22) = 4.55, P < 0.001), mood symptoms (t(21) = 3.81, P = 0.001), and social avoidance (t(22) = 3.12, P = 0.005). After second treatment, further improvements were noted in sweating (t(18) = 3.28, P = 0.004) and QOL (t(18) = 3.83, P = 0.003), and a marginal trend for generalized anxiety (t(19) = 1.96, P = 0.064).ConclusionThere were significant improvements in sweat severity, skin‐specific QOL, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, anxious/depressive symptoms, and social avoidance. The majority of the psychosocial benefit appears to emerge after one treatment of microwave thermolysis, whereas the level of sweat severity and QOL continued to show further improvements after a second treatment. Results would suggest that although two microwave thermolysis sessions are needed for maximal treatment optimization of axillary HH, patients may experience significant benefits in improving psychosocial functioning after just one session. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcranial Photobiomodulation (tPBM) With 1,064‐nm Laser to Improve Cerebral Metabolism of the Human Brain In Vivo
Authors: Pruitt Tyrell , Wang Xinlong , Wu Anqi , Kallioniemi Elisa , Husain Mustafa M. , Liu Hanli 
Published: March 2020

Background and ObjectivesIn our previous proof‐of‐principle study, transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) with 1,064‐nm laser was reported to significantly increase concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin (∆[HbO]) and oxidized‐state cytochrome c oxidase (∆[oxi‐CCO]) in the human brain. This paper further investigated (i) its validity in two different subsets of young human subjects at two study sites over a period of 3 years and (ii) age‐related effects of tPBM by comparing sham‐controlled increases of ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi‐CCO] between young and older adults.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe measured sham‐controlled ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi‐CCO] using broadband near‐infrared spectroscopy (bb‐NIRS) in 15 young (26.7 ± 2.7 years of age) and 5 older (68.2 ± 4.8 years of age) healthy normal subjects before, during, and after right‐forehead tPBM/sham stimulation with 1,064‐nm laser. Student t tests were used to test statistical differences in tPBM‐induced ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi‐CCO] (i) between the 15 young subjects and those of 11 reported previously and (ii) between the two age groups measured in this study.ResultsStatistical analysis showed that no significant difference existed in ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi‐CCO] during and post tPBM between the two subsets of young subjects at two study sites over a period of 3 years. Furthermore, the two age groups showed statistically identical net increases in sham‐controlled ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi‐CCO].ConclusionsThis study provided strong evidence to validate/confirm our previous findings that tPBM with 1,064‐nm laser enables to increase cerebral ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi‐CCO] in the human brain, as measured by bb‐NIRS. Overall, it demonstrated the robust reproducibility of tPBM being able to improve cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism of the human brain in vivo in both young and older adults. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
γ‐Butyrolactone Copolymerization with the Well‐Documented Polymer Drug Carrier Poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) to Fine‐Tune Its Biorelevant Properties
Authors: Urbánek Tomáš , Trousil Jiří , Rak Dmytro , Gunár Kristýna , Konefał Rafał , Šlouf Miroslav , Sedlák Marián , Šebestová Janoušková Olga , Hrubý Martin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolymeric drug carriers exhibit excellent properties that advance drug delivery systems. In particular, carriers based on poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) are very useful in pharmacokinetics. In addition to their proven biocompatibility, there are several requirements for the efficacy of the polymeric drug carriers after internalization, e.g., nanoparticle behavior, cellular uptake, the rate of degradation, and cellular localization. The introduction of γ‐butyrolactone units into the hydrophobic block enables the tuning of the abovementioned properties over a wide range. In this study, a relatively high content of γ‐butyrolactone units with a reasonable yield of ≈60% is achieved by anionic ring‐opening copolymerization using 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene as a very efficient catalyst in the nonpolar environment of toluene with an incorporated γ‐butyrolactone content of ≈30%. The content of γ‐butyrolactone units can be easily modulated according to the feed ratio of the monomers. This method enables control over the rate of degradation so that when the content of γ‐butyrolactone increases, the rate of degradation increases. These findings broaden the application possibilities of polyester‐polyether‐based nanoparticles for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems.
Novel SiO2‐Supported Chromium Oxide/Chromocene Dual Site Catalysts for Synthesis of Bimodal UHMWPE/HDPE in Reactor Alloys
Authors: Wang Kai , Jin Yulong , Liu Boping , Zhang Rui , Ren He , Zhao Ning , He Xuelian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolyethylene (PE) with bimodal molecular weight distribution (MWD) has drawn attention from both academia and industry. Bimodal PE combines great processability with outstanding mechanical properties. The single‐reactor technology process through a dual site catalyst system is an optimal strategy considering the economic effect and the manufacturing technique. To satisfy the demand of the dual site catalyst system for producing bimodal PE, novel SiO2‐supported chromium oxide/chromocene dual site catalysts for ethylene polymerization are successfully synthesized and systematically investigated. The novel catalysts are prepared by using the residual hydroxyl groups on the surface of SiO2‐supported chromium oxide (CrOx) Phillips catalyst to introduce chromocene. It is found that the novel dual site catalysts combine the advantages of chromocene catalyst (S‐9 catalyst) and Phillips CrOx/SiO2 catalyst. The activities of the dual site catalysts are doubled at least compared to the S‐9 catalyst due to the high activity of the CrOx active center. The products of the dual site catalysts show significantly high molecular weight (MW) with bimodal MWD through ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/high‐density polyethylene in reactor alloys. The dual site catalysts show great hydrogen response according to the hydrogen experiment results, which lead to the easy control of MW.
On weak square, approachability, the tree property, and failures of SCH in a choiceless context
Authors: Apter Arthur W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe show that the consistency of the theories “ holds below ” + “there is an injection ” + “both and fail” and + “ holds below ” + “there is an injection ” + “ satisfies the tree property” follow from the appropriate supercompactness hypotheses. These provide answers in a choiceless context to certain long‐standing open questions concerning , weak square, approachability, and the tree property. There is nothing special about , and the injection into can be from any ordinal λ (which means that pcf theory can fail badly in the models constructed if ).
Lowness for isomorphism, countable ideals, and computable traceability
Authors: Franklin Johanna N. Y. , Solomon Reed 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe show that every countable ideal of degrees that are low for isomorphism is contained in a principal ideal of degrees that are low for isomorphism by adapting an exact pair construction. We further show that within the hyperimmune free degrees, lowness for isomorphism is entirely independent of computable traceability.
Algebras of frequently hypercyclic vectors
Authors: Falcó Javier , Grosse‐Erdmann Karl‐G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe show that the multiples of the backward shift operator on the spaces , , or c0, when endowed with coordinatewise multiplication, do not possess frequently hypercyclic algebras. More generally, we characterize the existence of algebras of ‐hypercyclic vectors for these operators. We also show that the differentiation operator on the space of entire functions, when endowed with the Hadamard product, does not possess frequently hypercyclic algebras. On the other hand, we show that for any frequently hypercyclic operator T on any Banach space, is algebrable for a suitable product, and in some cases it is even strongly algebrable.
The day‐to‐day stability of the ruminal and fecal microbiota in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Huang Shuai , Ji Shoukun , Yan Hui , Hao Yangyi , Zhang Jun , Wang Yajing , Cao Zhijun , Li Shengli 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, we examined differences between the microbiota of the ruminal fluid (DR) and feces (DF) from five lactating dairy cows over three consecutive days using 16S rRNA gene sequence‐based analysis. Results showed significant differences between the microbial communities of the DR and DF. In particular, the relative abundance of the phylaFirmicutesandActinobacteriawas significantly lower (q < 0.001) in DR compared with DF, while the relative abundance ofBacteroideteswas significantly higher in DF than that of DR (q < 0.001). A significantly higher relative abundance of the generaBifidobacterium,5‐7N15,Clostridium,Epulopiscium,SMB53,Turicibacter,Dorea,Roseburia, andAkkermansiawas observed in the DF, while a higher relative abundance of the generaPrevotella,Butyrivibrio,CF231,RFN20, andSucciniclasticumwas observed in the DR. A further analysis using the functional prediction program PICRUSt showed that sequences belonging to the5‐7N15,Akkermansia,Bifidobacterium,Clostridium,Dorea,Epulopiscium,Roseburia, andTuricibacterwere significantly and positively correlated with glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, whileCF231,Prevotella,RFN20,andSucciniclasticumwere significantly and positively correlated with amino acid, lipid, carbohydrate, other amino acid, cofactors, and vitamins metabolism. No significant differences were observed across the three consecutive days in either the DR or DF ecosystems, with no significant differences in the diversity or abundance at the phylum and genus levels suggested that there is a limited day‐to‐day variability in the gut microbiota.
Comparative analysis and gut bacterial community assemblages of grass carp and crucian carp in new lineages from the Dongting Lake area
Authors: Zou Sheng , Gong Liang , Khan Tahir Ali , Pan Lifei , Yan Liang , Li Dongjie , Cao Lina , Li Yanping , Ding Xuezhi , Yi Ganfeng , Sun Yunjun , Hu Shengbiao , Xia Liqiu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGut microbiota are known to play an important role in health and nutrition of the host and have been attracting an increasing attention. Farming of new lineages of grass carp and crucian carp has been developed rapidly as these species were found to outperform indigenous ones in terms of growth rate and susceptibility to diseases. Despite this rapid development, no studies have addressed the characteristics of their gut microbiota as a potential factor responsible for the improved characteristics. To reveal whether microbiomes of the new lineages are different from indigenous ones, and therefore could be responsible for improved growth features, intestinal microbiota from the new lineages were subjected to high‐throughput sequencing. While the phyla Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria were representing the core bacterial communities that comprised more than 75% in all fish intestinal samples, significant differences were found in the microbial community composition of the new linages versus indigenous fish populations, suggesting the possibility that results in the advantages of enhanced disease resistance and rapid growth for the new fish lineages. Bacterial composition was similar between herbivorous and omnivorous fish. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria was significantly higher in omnivores compared to that of herbivores, whereas Cetobacterium_sp. was abundant in herbivores. We also found that the gut microbiota of freshwater fish in the Dongting lake area was distinct from those of other areas. Network graphs showed the reduced overall connectivity of gut bacteria in indigenous fish, whereas the bacteria of the new fish lineage groups showed hubs with more node degree. A phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states inferred function profile showed several metabolic processes were more active in the new lineages compared to indigenous fish. Our findings suggest that differences in gut bacterial community composition may be an important factor contributing to the rapid growth and high disease resistance of the new fish lineages.
Re‐emergent Tremor in Parkinson's Disease: The Role of the Motor Cortex
Authors: Leodori Giorgio , Belvisi Daniele , De Bartolo Maria I. , Fabbrini Andrea , Costanzo Matteo , Vial Felipe , Conte Antonella , Hallett Mark , Berardelli Alfredo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease patients may show a tremor that appears after a variable delay while the arms are kept outstretched (re‐emergent tremor). The objectives of this study were to investigate re‐emergent tremor pathophysiology by studying the role of the primary motor cortex in this tremor and making a comparison with rest tremor.MethodsWe enrolled 10 Parkinson's disease patients with both re‐emergent and rest tremor. Tremor was assessed by spectral analysis, corticomuscular coherence and tremor‐resetting produced by transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex. We also recorded transcranial magnetic stimulation‐evoked potentials generated by motor cortex stimulation during rest tremor, tremor suppression during wrist extension, and re‐emergent tremor. Spectral analysis, corticomuscular coherence, and tremor resetting were compared between re‐emergent tremor and rest tremor.ResultsRe‐emergent tremor showed significant corticomuscular coherence, causal relation between motor cortex activity and tremor muscle and tremor resetting. The P60 component of transcranial magnetic stimulation‐evoked potentials reduced in amplitude during tremor suppression, recovered before re‐emergent tremor, was facilitated at re‐emergent tremor onset, and returned to values similar to those of rest tremor during re‐emergent tremor. Compared with rest tremor, re‐emergent tremor showed similar corticomuscular coherence and tremor resetting, but slightly higher frequency.ConclusionsRe‐emergent tremor is causally related with the activity of the primary motor cortex, which is likely a convergence node in the network that generates re‐emergent tremor. Re‐emergent tremor and rest tremor share common pathophysiological mechanisms in which the motor cortex plays a crucial role. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Accelerated MP2RAGE imaging using Cartesian phyllotaxis readout and compressed sensing reconstruction
Authors: Mussard Emilie , Hilbert Tom , Forman Christoph , Meuli Reto , Thiran Jean‐Philippe , Kober Tobias 
Published: March 2020

PurposeMP2RAGE T1‐weighted imaging has been shown to be beneficial for various applications, mainly because of its good grey‐white matter contrast, its B1‐robustness and ability to derive T1 maps. Even using parallel imaging, the method requires long acquisition times, especially at high resolution. This work aims at accelerating MP2RAGE imaging using compressed sensing.MethodsA pseudo‐phyllotactic Cartesian MP2RAGE readout was implemented allowing for flexible reordering and undersampling factors. The sampling pattern was first optimized based on fully sampled data and a compressed sensing reconstruction. Changes in contrast ratios, automated brain segmentation results, and quantitative T1 values were used for benchmarking. In vivo undersampled data from eleven healthy subjects were then acquired using a 4‐fold acceleration with the optimized sampling pattern. The resulting images were compared to the standard parallel imaging MP2RAGE protocol by visual inspection and using the above quality metrics.ResultsThe application of incoherent undersampling and iterative compressed sensing reconstruction on MP2RAGE acquisitions allows for a 57% time reduction (corresponding to 4‐fold undersampling with maintained reference lines, TA = 3:35 minutes) compared to the reference protocol using parallel imaging (GRAPPAx3 acceleration, TA = 8:22 minutes) while obtaining images with similar image quality, morphometric (volume differences = [0.07 ± 1.2–3.8 ± 1.9]%) and T1‐mapping outcomes (T1 error = [6 ± 5.1–37 ± 12.3] ms depending on the different structures).ConclusionA whole‐brain MP2RAGE acquisition is feasible with compressed sensing in less than 4 minutes without appreciably compromising image quality.
Foetal bison long bones and mortality season estimates at the early Holocene Casper and Horner II sites, North America
Authors: Breslawski Ryan P. , Playford Tomasin , Johnston Christopher M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFoetal animal remains present the opportunity to investigate seasonal prey mortality in archaeological contexts. Mortality seasons may be inferred by adding a gestation age, as estimated from foetal skeletal growth curves, to a known conception period. For example, given an October conception period, the remains of a 6‐month‐old foetal animal suggest deposition in April. However, three problems complicate these investigations: (1) Conception periods in animal populations are generally not discrete windows or dates but rather distributions of events though a calendar year; (2) variation in foetal development implies that any given skeletal state corresponds to a range of gestation ages, and (3) evolutionary changes in a taxon's foetal growth may make modern growth curves poor analogues for past populations. We develop a probabilistic method to address the first two problems and partially address the third problem. The method is specific to early Holocene bison in North America (~10 000 to 8000 cal. BP), and we provide example applications: the Horner II Site, with one foetal humerus, and the Casper Site, with five foetal elements. Results for Horner II indicate that the foetal humerus is consistent with the fall or winter mortality season inferred from bison dentitions at the site, whereas results for Casper suggest a spring mortality event or events distinct from most of the site's adult bison specimens. This may reflect real seasonality variability at Casper, although methodological assumptions warrant caution for this interpretation; Future work should focus on testing these assumptions.
Rise and regional disparities in buprenorphine utilization in the United States
Authors: Pashmineh Azar Amir R. , Cruz‐Mullane Alexandra , Podd Jaclyn C. , Lam Warren S. , Kaleem Suhail H. , Lockard Laura B. , Mandel Mark R. , Chung Daniel Y. , Simoyan Olapeju M. , Davis Corey S. , Nichols Stephanie D. , McCall Kenneth L. , Piper Brian J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeBuprenorphine is an opioid partial agonist used to treat opioid use disorder. While several policy changes have attempted to increase buprenorphine availability, access remains well below optimal levels. This study characterized how buprenorphine utilization in the United States has changed over time and whether there are regional disparities in distribution of the medication.MethodsThe amount of buprenorphine distributed from 2007 to 2017 was obtained from the Drug Enforcement Administration's Automated Reports and Consolidated Ordering System. Data were expressed as the percent change and milligrams per person in each state. The formulations and cost for prescriptions covered by Medicaid (2008 to 2018) were also examined.ResultsBuprenorphine distributed to pharmacies increased about 7‐fold (476.8 to 3179.9 kg) while the quantities distributed to hospitals grew 5‐fold (18.6 to 97.6 kg) nationally from 2007 to 2017. Buprenorphine distribution per person was almost 20‐fold higher in Vermont (40.4 mg/person) relative to South Dakota (2.1 mg/person). There was a strong association between the number of physicians authorized to prescribe buprenorphine and distribution per state (r[49] = +0.94, P < .0005). The buprenorphine/naloxone sublingual film (Suboxone) was the predominant formulation (92.6% of 0.31 million Medicaid prescriptions) in 2008 but accounted for less than three‐fifth (57.3% of 6.56 million prescriptions) in 2018.ConclusionsAlthough buprenorphine availability has substantially increased over the last decade, distribution was very nonhomogeneous across the United States.
Bacterial colonization dynamics associated with respiratory syncytial virus during early childhood
Authors: Brealey Jaelle C. , Young Paul R. , Sloots Theo P. , Ware Robert S. , Lambert Stephen B. , Sly Peter D. , Grimwood Keith , Chappell Keith J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of early life acute respiratory infections. Potentially pathogenic respiratory bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae are frequently detected during RSV infections and associated with increased illness severity. However, the temporal dynamics of bacterial colonization associated with RSV infection remain unclear. We used weekly nasal swab data from a prospective longitudinal birth cohort in Brisbane, Australia, to investigate bacterial colonization patterns within children aged less than 2 years in the 4‐week period before and after an RSV infection. During 54 RSV infection episodes recorded in 47 children, both S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis were detected frequently (in 33 [61.1%] and 26 [48.1%] RSV infections, respectively). In most cases, S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis colonization preceded the viral infection, with the nasal load of each increasing during RSV infection. Generally, the dominant serotype of S. pneumoniae remained consistent in the 1 to 2 weeks immediately before and after RSV infection. Little evidence was found to indicate that prior colonization with either bacteria predisposed participants to developing RSV infection during the annual seasonal epidemic. Possible coacquisition events, where the bacteria species was first detected with RSV and not in the preceding 4 weeks, were observed in approximately 20% of RSV/S. pneumoniae and RSV/M. catarrhalis codetections. Taken together our results indicate that RSV generally triggered an outgrowth, rather than a new acquisition, of S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis from the resident microbial community.