bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies to identify and suppress crosstalk signals in double electron–electron resonance (DEER) experiments with gadoliniumIII and nitroxide spin-labeled compounds
Authors: Teucher Markus , Qi Mian , Cati Ninive , Hintz Henrik , Godt Adelheid , Bordignon Enrica 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Double electron–electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy applied to orthogonally spin-labeled biomolecular complexes simplifies the assignment of intra- and intermolecular distances, thereby increasing the information content per sample. In fact, various spin labels can be addressed independently in DEER experiments due to spectroscopically nonoverlapping central transitions, distinct relaxation times, and/or transition moments; hence, they are referred to as spectroscopically orthogonal. Molecular complexes which are, for example, orthogonally spin-labeled with nitroxide (NO) and gadolinium (Gd) labels give access to three distinct DEER channels that are optimized to selectively probe NO–NO, NO–Gd, and Gd–Gd distances. Nevertheless, it has been previously recognized that crosstalk signals between individual DEER channels can occur, for example, when a Gd–Gd distance appears in a DEER channel optimized to detect NO–Gd distances. This is caused by residual spectral overlap between NO and Gd spins which, therefore, cannot be considered as perfectly orthogonal. Here, we present a systematic study on how to identify and suppress crosstalk signals that can appear in DEER experiments using mixtures of NO–NO, NO–Gd, and Gd–Gd molecular rulers characterized by distinct, nonoverlapping distance distributions. This study will help to correctly assign the distance peaks in homo- and heterocomplexes of biomolecules carrying not perfectly orthogonal spin labels.
A First Year Medical Student’s Perspective on Working in ICU during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: McCabe Erin 
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought forth unprecedented times. Due to this, medical students of all abilities and competencies can play a meaningful part in patient’s treatment. Throughout medical school, teaching is focussed on the overarching clinical care needed – from medication to surgery. However, there are many other aspects of care required for patient’s recovery, such as personal care. Working as a healthcare assistant brings this to the forefront, particularly in an intensive care unit, during a pandemic. This allowed me to experience a different side of medicine and patient care, something I believe all medical students should see.
Experiential Teaching and Learning in Child and Youth Care Work:
Authors: Mann-Feder Varda 
Published: December 2020

The Graduate Diploma in Youth Work is in its fifth year at Concordia University in Montreal. In a department committed to experiential teaching and the training of practitioners, a large focus of the program is to immerse students in experiences that prepare them for engaging in reflexive and theoretically informed approaches to practice. The purpose of this article will be to illustrate our program model through four learning activities that are representative of our unique approach to youth worker education. An additional focus will be the ways in which our model and these activities align with the Association for Child and Youth Care Practice competencies.

A model of integrative youth work education was developed in 2015 by Ranahan, Blanchet-Cohen and Mann-Feder to form the basis for an advanced Graduate Diploma in youth work in Montreal, Quebec (Concordia University, n.d.). The purpose of this article is to share four structured experiential learning activities that illustrate this model. Prior to describing the activities, an overview of our approach to integrative youth work will be provided, along with a discussion of how it aligns with the competencies for practice developed by the Association for Child and Youth Care Practice (ACYCP) (Association for Child and Youth Care Practice, 2010).
La protección constitucional y convencional de los migrantes
Authors: Landa Arroyo Cesar 
Published: December 2020

En el presente artículo se medita sobre la situación de vulnerabilidad de
las personas migrantes y los caminos que se deben recorrer para la consideración del
derecho fundamental a migrar. En tal sentido, se rescatan los principales estándares
interamericanos para su protección, así como la actuación de la justicia constitucional
peruana en el actual contexto del ius constitutionale commune. Por último, se hace un
balance jurisprudencial del diálogo interjudicial en la garantía de los derechos de los
migrantes y se revalora la importancia del ius migrandi frente al caso venezolano.
PRECISE AGES FOR LODE GOLD MINERALIZATION IN THE XIAOQINLING GOLD FIELD, SOUTHERN MARGIN OF THE NORTH CHINA CRATON: NEW CONSTRAINTS FROM IN SITU U-Pb DATING OF HYDROTHERMAL MONAZITE AND RUTILE
Authors: Liu Junchen , Wang Yitian , Mao Jingwen , Jian Wei , Huang Shikang , Hu Qiaoqing , Wei Ran , Hao Jiaolong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Xiaoqinling gold field, located along the southern margin of the North China craton, is the second largest gold producer in China, which comprises more than 1,200 auriferous quartz veins with a proven gold reserve of at least 800 tons. Previously, the absolute age of the gold metallogenesis in this area has not been well defined due to the lack of suitable dating minerals. This study presents new in situ laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry U-Pb ages of coexisting hydrothermal monazite and rutile for the Fancha gold deposit in this area, which yielded 206Pb/238U ages of 127.5 ± 0.7 Ma (n = 65, mean square of weighted deviates [MSWD] = 1.8) and 129.7 ± 4.3 Ma (n = 37, MSWD = 1.4), respectively. Both ages overlap within analytical uncertainty at the 2σ level of significance, suggesting that both gold-bearing veins were emplaced at ca. 128 Ma. Mineralogical observations indicate that the monazite and rutile precipitated simultaneously with gold from the hydrothermal fluid. Our new data, combined with recently published monazite age, define a more precise gold episode, demonstrating that the gold endowment of the Xiaoqinling area was formed during a relatively brief period at ca. 130 to 127 Ma. We suggest that auriferous fluids were generated as a result of interactions between the enriched mantle and the lower crust, which was driven by westward flat slab subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate during the late Mesozoic. The peak of lithospheric thinning during the postsubduction may have led to the rapid release of gold from the fertilized mantle. Consequently, the large number of gold-bearing veins in the Xiaoqinling area may ultimately be related to the tectonic evolution and mantle fluid processes that occurred during Early Cretaceous lithospheric extension.
Platformaansprakelijkheid – van ‘notice and takedown’ naar algoritmisch toezicht
Authors: Kulk S. 
Published: December 2020

Platformaansprakelijkheid – van ‘notice and takedown’ naar algoritmisch toezicht
Wat kan en moet Facebook doen om smaad en laster te stoppen? Wat kan er van YouTube verlangd worden als het gaat om onthoofdingsvideo’s? En is Twitter aansprakelijk voor haatzaaiende berichten van twittergebruikers? Deze vragen raken allemaal aan de aansprakelijkheid en verantwoordelijkheid die internetplatforms hebben voor illegale en onrechtmatige inhoud die door hun gebruikers wordt gedeeld. De Richtlijn inzake elektronische handel is vooralsnog van groot belang als het gaat om de aansprakelijkheid van platformaanbieders. Maar dat staat te veranderen. Op een aantal specifieke terreinen heeft de Europese wetgever reeds nieuwe regelgeving aangenomen die ertoe strekt dat platformaanbieders meer moeten doen om bepaalde inhoud van hun platformen te weren. Er is bovendien een voorstel voor een ‘Digital Services Act package’ in de maak. Daarmee beoogt de Europese Commissie een nieuw kader neer te zetten voor het reguleren van digitale dienstverleners, waarin ook de aansprakelijkheid van deze dienstverleners zal worden herijkt. In deze bijdrage wordt een overzicht geboden van die ontwikkelingen en wordt in het bijzonder stilgestaan bij het gebruik van algoritmen om toezicht te houden op de online uitwisseling van informatie.
De toepasselijkheid van Uniegrondrechten op nationale verdergaande beschermingsmaatregelen
Authors: de Mol M. 
Published: December 2020

De toepasselijkheid van Uniegrondrechten op nationale verdergaande beschermingsmaatregelen
De Uniegrondrechten zijn in beginsel van toepassing op nationale maatregelen die vallen binnen een Unierechtelijke bepaling die aan lidstaten een discretionaire bevoegdheid toekent. Het feit dat de lidstaten niet verplicht zijn om gebruik te maken van de bevoegdheid doet hier niet aan af. Hoe zit het echter met Unierechtelijke bepalingen die de lidstaten de ruimte geven om verdergaande bescherming te geven dan het EU-minimum? Als een lidstaat deze mogelijkheid benut door verdergaande bescherming te bieden, zijn de Uniegrondrechten dan ook van toepassing? Het arrest TSN en AKT geeft hierover duidelijkheid.HvJ 19 november 2019, gevoegde zaken C-609/17 en C-610/17, ECLI:EU:C:2019:981 (TSN en AKT)
Unresolved issues about the right to vote of persons with disabilities.
Authors: Sánchez Muñoz Óscar 
Published: December 2020

In a social and democratic State, political legitimacy relies on participation of all people in political life. However, persons with disabilities have been frequently denied their right to political participation in a variety of ways and for a variety of reasons, often the result of direct or indirect discrimination. In accordance with article 9.2 of the Spanish Constitution «it is incumbent upon the public authorities to facilitate the participation of all citizens in political life». On the other hand, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, ratified by Spain in 2008, establishes that «the States Parties shall guarantee to persons with disabilities political rights and the opportunity to enjoy them on an equal basis with others». The aim of this article is to analyze how the Spanish laws provide different measures and procedures to facilitate the voting rights of persons with disabilities. We will focus on the recent reform of the Organic Law of General Electoral Regime repealing the possibility of disenfranchisement of persons with intellectual disabilities, paying particular attention to the doubts and concerns raised by its implementation.Summary:I. INTRODUCTION. II. SUPPORT MEASURES TO FACILITATE THE EXERCISE OF THE RIGHT TO VOTE OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES. 1. Voting in presence mode. 2. Voting at a distance (by correspondence). III. THE SPECIFIC PROBLEM OF THE PERSONS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY OR WITH CONGNITIVE DETERIORATION. 1. The reform of the LOREG: background, processing and application difficulties. 2. The lack of support measures for people with intellectual disabilities. 3. The specific problem of the vote by mail when it is requested by representative. IV. Conclusions. V. BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Formulation of Stable Nanoliposomes of Docetaxel: Design, Optimization, and in-vitro Characterization
Authors: Harwalkar Mallappa S. , Salunkhe Kishor S. , Chavan Machindra J. , Chintamani Ravindra B. , Shendge Raosaheb Sopanrao 
Published: December 2020

Background: Liposome offers many advantages over conventional dosage forms, like increased bioavailability, possibility of releasing drug at slower and constant rate, accurate drug release. Docetaxel is approved by the FDA for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, head and neck cancer, gastric cancer. Docetaxel is BCS Class 4 drug; hence efficacy can be improved with liposomal formulation.
Objectives: The Present study prepared Docetaxel loaded liposomal formulation.
Materials and Methods: Formulation batches were designed on the basis of solvent, lipid to cholesterol ratio, lipid to release modifier ratio, hydration temperature and various physicochemical and morphological properties of formulation were examined. The zeta potential, particle size determination, pH, stability, determination of encapsulation efficacy, morphology of formulation and in-vitro drug release were investigated.
Results: The zeta potential values of FD5 and FD9 were found to be -12.6 to -12.9 mV and -10.6 to -11.9 mV respectively. The entrapment efficiency of formulations of batch FD5 and FD9 were found to be 83.20% and 85.22% respectively. By comparing both FD5 and FD9 it was found that FD9 batch is optimized than FD5 in all aspects. The formulation batch FD9 has particle size of 105 nm, zeta potential in range of -10.6 to -11.9 mV; Drug entrapment efficiency 85.22%, Assay of formulation was 99.56 % and FD9 formulation shows extended release of Drug up to 13 hours.
Conclusion: The study confirmed that the Liposome formulation was successfully prepared and evaluated.
Carbodicarbene Bismaalkene Cations: Unravelling the Complexities of Carbene versus Carbone in Heavy Pnictogen Chemistry
Authors: Walley Jacob E. , Warring Levi S. , Wang Guocang , Dickie Diane A. , Pan Sudip , Frenking Gernot , Gilliard Robert J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe report a combined experimental and theoretical study on the first examples of carbodicarbene (CDC)‐stabilized bismuth complexes, which feature low‐coordinate cationic bismuth centers with C=Bi multiple‐bond character. Monocations [(CDC)Bi(Ph)Cl][SbF6] (8) and [(CDC)BiBr2(THF)2][SbF6] (11), dications [(CDC)Bi(Ph)][SbF6]2(9) and [(CDC)BiBr(THF)3][NTf2]2(12), and trication [(CDC)2Bi][NTf2]3(13) have been synthesized via sequential halide abstractions from (CDC)Bi(Ph)Cl2(7) and (CDC)BiBr3(10). Notably, the dications and trication exhibit CBi double dative bonds and thus represent unprecedented bismaalkene cations. The synthesis of these species highlights a unique non‐reductive route to C−Bi π‐bonding character. The CDC‐[Bi] complexes (7–13) were compared with related NHC‐[Bi] complexes (1,3–6) and show substantially different structural properties. Indeed, the CDC ligand has a remarkable influence on the overall stability of the resulting low‐coordinate Bi complexes, suggesting that CDC is a superior ligand to NHC in heavy pnictogen chemistry.
Dynamic Stereoselection of Peptide Helicates and Their Selective Labeling of DNA Replication Foci in Cells**
Authors: Gómez‐González Jacobo , Pérez Yolanda , Sciortino Giuseppe , Roldan‐Martín Lorena , Martínez‐Costas José , Maréchal Jean‐Didier , Alfonso Ignacio , Vázquez López Miguel , Vázquez M. Eugenio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough largely overlooked in peptide engineering, coordination chemistry offers a new set of interactions that opens unexplored design opportunities for developing complex molecular structures. In this context, we report new artificial peptide ligands that fold into chiral helicates in the presence of labile metal ions such as FeII and CoII. Heterochiral β‐turn‐promoting sequences encode the stereoselective folding of the peptide ligands and define the physicochemical properties of their corresponding metal complexes. Circular dichroism and NMR spectroscopy in combination with computational methods allowed us to identify and determine the structure of two isochiral ΛΛ‐helicates, folded as topological isomers. Finally, in addition to the in‐vitro characterization of their selective binding to DNA three‐way junctions, cell‐microscopy experiments demonstrated that a rhodamine‐labeled FeII helicate was internalized and selectively stains DNA replication factories in functional cells.
Nanoparticles Supported on Sub‐Nanometer Oxide Films: Scaling Model Systems to Bulk Materials
Authors: Ament Kevin , Köwitsch Nicolas , Hou Dianwei , Götsch Thomas , Kröhnert Jutta , Heard Christopher J. , Trunschke Annette , Lunkenbein Thomas , Armbrüster Marc , Breu Josef 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUltrathin layers of oxides deposited on atomically flat metal surfaces have been shown to significantly influence the electronic structure of the underlying metal, which in turn alters the catalytic performance. Upscaling of the specifically designed architectures as required for technical utilization of the effect has yet not been achieved. Here, we apply liquid crystalline phases of fluorohectorite nanosheets to fabricate such architectures in bulk. Synthetic sodium fluorohectorite, a layered silicate, when immersed into water spontaneously and repulsively swells to produce nematic suspensions of individual negatively charged nanosheets separated to more than 60 nm, while retaining parallel orientation. Into these galleries oppositely charged palladium nanoparticles were intercalated whereupon the galleries collapse. Individual and separated Pd nanoparticles were thus captured and sandwiched between nanosheets. As suggested by the model systems, the resulting catalyst performed better in the oxidation of carbon monoxide than the same Pd nanoparticles supported on external surfaces of hectorite or on a conventional Al2O3 support. XPS confirmed a shift of Pd 3d electrons to higher energies upon coverage of Pd nanoparticles with nanosheets to which we attribute the improved catalytic performance. DFT calculations showed increasing positive charge on Pd weakened CO adsorption and this way damped CO poisoning.
Molecular subtyping of hepatocellular carcinoma: A step toward precision medicine
Authors: Wu Yichao , Liu Zhikun , Xu Xiao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and fatal digestive tumors. Treatment for this disease has been constraint by heterogeneity of this group of tumors, which has greatly limited the progress in personalized therapy. Although existing studies have revealed the genetic and epigenetic blueprints that drive HCCs, many of the molecular mechanisms that lead to HCCs remain elusive. Recent advances in techniques for studying functional genomics, such as genome sequencing and transcriptomic analyses, have led to the discovery of molecular mechanisms that participate in the initiation and evolution of HCC. Integrative multi‐omics analyses have identified several molecular subtypes of HCC associated with specific molecular characteristics and clinical outcomes. Deciphering similar molecular features among highly heterogeneous HCC patients is a prerequisite to implementation of personalized therapeutics. This review summarizes the current research progresses in precision therapy on the backbone of molecular subtypes of HCC.
Systematic Structural Characterization of Chitooligosaccharides Enabled by Automated Glycan Assembly
Authors: Tyrikos‐Ergas Theodore , Bordoni Vittorio , Fittolani Giulio , Chaube Manishkumar A. , Grafmüller Andrea , Seeberger Peter H. , Delbianco Martina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChitin, a polymer composed of β(1–4)‐linked N‐acetyl‐glucosamine monomers, and its partially deacetylated analogue chitosan, are abundant biopolymers with outstanding mechanical as well as elastic properties. Their degradation products, chitooligosaccharides (COS), can trigger the innate immune response in humans and plants. Both material and biological properties are dependent on polymer length, acetylation, as well as the pH. Without well‐defined samples, a complete molecular description of these factors is still missing. Automated glycan assembly (AGA) enabled rapid access to synthetic well‐defined COS. Chitin‐cellulose hybrid oligomers were prepared as important tools for a systematic structural analysis. Intramolecular interactions, identified by molecular dynamics simulations and NMR analysis, underscore the importance of the chitosan amino group for the stabilization of specific geometries.
Phosphorene Supported Single‐Atom Catalysts for CO Oxidation: A Computational Study
Authors: Baskaran Sambath , Xu Cong‐Qiao , Jiang Ya‐Fei , Wang Yang‐Gang , Li Jun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted extensive attention owing to their high catalytic activity. The development of efficient SACs is crucial for applications in heterogeneous catalysis. In this article, the geometric configuration, electronic structure, stabilitiy and catalytic performance of phosphorene (Pn) supported single metal atoms (M=Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, and Au) have been systematically investigated using density functional theory calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The single atoms are found to occupy the hollow site of phosphorene. Among the catalysts studied, Ru‐decorated phosphorene is determined to be a potential catalyst by evaluating adsorption energies of gaseous molecules. Various mechanisms including the Eley‐Rideal (ER), Langmuir‐Hinshelwood (LH) and trimolecular Eley‐Rideal (TER) mechanisms are considered to validate the most favourable reaction pathway. Our results reveal that Ru−Pn exhibits outstanding catalytic activity toward CO oxidation reaction via TER mechanism with the corresponding rate‐determining energy barrier of 0.44 eV, making it a very promising SAC for CO oxidation under mild conditions. Overall, this work may provide a new avenue for the design and fabrication of two‐dimensional materials supported SACs for low‐temperature CO oxidation.
Immobilized Carbohydrates for Preparation of 3′‐Glycoconjugated Oligonucleotides
Authors: Österlund Tommi , Aho Aapo , Äärelä Antti , Tähtinen Ville , Korhonen Heidi , Virta Pasi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA detailed protocol for preparation 3′‐glycoconjugated oligonucleotides is described based on one‐pot immobilization of 4,4′‐dimethoxytrityl‐protected carbohydrates to a solid support followed by on‐support peracetylation and automated oligonucleotide assembly. Compared to an appropriate building block approach and post‐synthetic manipulation of oligonucleotides, this protocol may simplify the synthesis scheme and increase overall yield of the conjugates. Furthermore, the immobilization to a solid support typically increases the stability of reactants, enabling prolonged storage, and makes subsequent processing convenient. Automated assembly on these carbohydrate‐modified supports using conventional phosphoramidite chemistry produces 3′‐glycoconjugated oligonucleotides in relatively high yield and purity. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of 1‐O‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyl‐6‐O‐(4,4′‐dimethoxytrityl)‐β‐D‐glucoseBasic Protocol 2: Synthesis of 6‐O‐dimethoxytrityl‐2,3,1′,3′,4′,6′‐hexa‐O‐benzoylsucroseBasic Protocol 3: Synthesis of 6″‐O‐dimethoxytrityl‐N‐trifluoroacetyl‐protected aminoglycosidesBasic Protocol 4: Synthesis of 3‐O‐dimethoxytrityl‐propyl β‐D‐galactopyranosideBasic Protocol 5: Synthesis of trivalent N‐acetyl galactosamine clusterBasic Protocol 6: Synthesis of carbohydrate monosuccinates and their immobilization to a solid supportBasic Protocol 7: Oligonucleotide synthesis using immobilized carbohydrates