bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study on Optic Disc Features of Premature Infants and Term Infants
Authors: Feng Xiaofen , Nan Yan , Pan Jiandong , Zou Ruitao , Shen Lijun , chen feng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
To study optic disc features of premature infants and compare to that of term infants to explore the pattern and features of newborn optic disc development and provide the basis for the diagnosis of newborn optic disc disease.
Methods
This is a prospective clinical research. Newborns underwent newborn fundus disease screening from January 1st, 2016 to October 31st, 2016 in the neonatal ward of Ruian City Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected. RetCam 3 Version6.1.25.0 Wide-Field Digital Pediatric Retinal Imaging System developed by Clarity Medical Systems, Inc was adopted to conduct fundus examination on both eyes, 130 degree wide-angle lens was used to film the images centering optic disc.
Results
For both premature infants and term infants, vertical diameter of the optic disc to lateral diameter of the optic disc ratio was > 1, and the shape of the optic disc was a vertical oval. The difference of each optic disc parameter between premature infants and term infants was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There’s a difference of constitution of sclerotic ring type on optic disc between premature infants and term infants. Among which, the proportion of single ring type and double ring type in premature infants was higher than that in term infants (P < 0.05). The proportion of no ring type in term infants was higher than that in premature infants (P < 0.05). The proportion of mixed type had no significant difference (P > 0.05) between premature infants and term infants.
Conclusions
We found that The proportion of mature types (single ring type and double ring type) in term infants was higher than that in premature infants. While there’s no statistical difference of the proportion of mixed types between premature infants and term infants.Double ring type is a normal stage of the development of optic disc.
The prevalence rate and demographic correlates of perceived stress in Alberta during the COVID-19 pandemic: A one-week cross-sectional study
Authors: Vuong Wesley , Gusnowski April , Surood Shireen , Shalaby Reham , Hrabok Marianne , Mrklas Kelly , Urichuk Liana , Greenshaw Andrew J. , Li Xin-Min , Agyapong Vincent V. I. O. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to have an unprecedented global effect on health and daily life, with many countries struggling to adapt to the adverse pandemic impact. While strict public health measures are necessary to slow the virus’ spread, these measures may adversely affect individual mental health and wellbeing. Texting-based programs offer organizations a feasible and cost-effective option to deliver mental health supports and to collect population-level data. This study reports on the prevalence rate and demographic correlates of perceived stress on the one-week data obtained from Text4Hope enrollees during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods

This was a cross-sectional study that used the Perceived Stress Scale to determine the one-week prevalence for perceived stress in Alberta. Univariate and binomial logistic regression analysis were used to determine the demographic correlates (i.e., gender, age, ethnicity, educational attainment, employment status, relationship status, and housing status) of moderate/high perceived stress.
Results

One week after the program launch, 32,805 individuals were enrolled. 6,041 enrollees completed the baseline survey (18.4% response rate). 84.7% of respondents reported moderate/high stress. All demographic variables, except ethnicity, were significantly associated with moderate/high stress (p < 0.001). Females were 1.5 times more likely to report moderate/high stress (95% CI = 1.2–1.9) than males. Compared to respondents in the 26–40 years, 41–60 years, and > 60 years of age categories, those ≤ 25 years of age were 1.9 (95% CI = 1.1–3.4), 3.4 (95% CI = 1.9–6.3), and 5.3 (95% CI = 2.8–10.0) times more likely to report moderate/high stress, respectively. Unemployed individuals were 2.5 times more likely to report moderate/high stress (95% CI = 1.8–3.6) than employed individuals. Retirees were 1.6 times less likely to report moderate/high stress (95% CI = 1.1–2.2) than employed respondents. Respondents renting a home were 1.7 times more likely to report moderate/high stress (95% CI = 1.3–2.1) than home owners.
Conclusion

Prevalence rate for perceived stress during the COVID-19 pandemic is very high in Alberta, signaling detrimental pandemic impacts on mental health. Our demographic correlates of perceived stress align with research results from other jurisdictions.
Trail registration:

The study was approved by the University of Alberta Human Research Ethics Board (Pro00086163).
The relationship between leukocyte level and hypertension in elderly patients with hyperuricemia.
Authors: Shen Lijin , Zhao Wei , Li Mingzhen , Sun Bei , Zhou Zhichao , Zhang Jing , Liu Yanjie , Dong Ya 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background : This study was to evaluate the change of leukocyte level caused by hyperuricemia and explore the relationship between leukocyte level and hypertension in elderly patients with hyperuricemia. Methods: A cross-sectional study of serum uric acid level was conducted in 1352 elderly people over 65 years old . The study samples were divided into three categories according to the tertiles of leukocyte: Tertile 1, leukocyte≤5.2 × 10 9 /L; Tertile 2, leukocyte=5.3~6.3 × 10 9 /L; and Tertile 3, leukocyte≥6.4 × 10 9 /L. Multiple logistic regression models were used for modeling relationships between leukocyte, hyperuricemia and hypertension. In vitro, human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated by different concentrations of UA (0, 4, 8, 16 mg/dl) for 24 h, then cells were collected. Some cytokines were measured. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed with a fluorescence microscope. Results: The levels of leukocyte were higher in elderly patients with hyperuricemia than without hyperuricemia( P <0.01). In multiple logistic regression, hyperuricemia was an independent risk factor of leukocyte in Tertile 3 (OR=1.657, 95%CI: 1.180～2.328, P =0.004). The prevalences of hypertension were higher in elderly patients with hyperuricemia than without hyperuricemia (77.0% vs 63.5%, χ 2 =11.447, P =0.001). In multiple logistic regression (Model 1), hyperuricemia was an independent risk factor of hypertension (OR=1.536, 95%CI: 1.026～2.302, P =0.037). Leukocyte in Tertile 3 was an independent risk factor of hypertension in Model 2 (OR= 1.333, 95%CI: 1.031~1.724, P =0.028). Expression levels of IL-1β, iNOS and TNF-α were obviously higher in the 8mg/dl UA group and 16mg/dl UA group than that in the control group ( P <0.05). Expression level of eNOS was obviously lower in the 8mg/dl UA group and 16mg/dl UA group than that in the control group ( P <0.05). The production of ROS in the 8mg/dl UA group and in the 16mg/dl UA group were obviously higher than that in the control group ( P <0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that hyperuricemia was associated with an increased risk for hypertension. The chronic inflammation caused by hyperuricemia maybe one of important pathogenesis of incident hypertension in patients with hyperuricemia.
Study on a supplemental test to improve the detection of bovine tuberculosis in individual animals and herds
Authors: Carneiro Paulo , Sousa Eliomar de Moura , Viana Rinaldo Batista , Monteiro Bruno Moura , Kzam Aline do Socorro Lima , de Souza Damazio Campos , Coelho Anderson Silva , Filho José Dantas Ribeiro , Jordao Ricardo Spacagna , Tavares Maria Regina Madruga , Kaneene John B. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
With a worldwide occurrence, bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease that is difficult to control, mainly due to the lack of a diagnostic testing to detect infected animals at all stages. Furthermore, the current standard diagnostic test, the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), is logistically difficult and time consuming. To address this challenge, the aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) comparing with the TST used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle in Brazil. The study included 400 Nelore females raised for beef on five farms, in different municipalities in Brazil. The comparative cervical test (CCT) was done and on the day of inoculation of the Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) blood samples were obtained and stored for further analysis of the ELISA IDEXX™ Mycobacterium bovis immunoassay.
Results
Lack of agreement between CCT and ELISA IDEXX™ was observed. No diagnosis described as positive reactor on the CCT was positive at the ELISA, indicating two false positive reactors and 22 negative reactors by CCT were positive by the ELISA IDEXX™. The ELISA IDEXX™ showed sensitivity significantly higher than the official CCT and no significant differences in specificity was observed. ELISA also detected infected animals and herds undetected by the CCT. The parallel use of CCT and ELISA increased sensitivity and the feasibility bTB screening, thus improving the cleaning of the herds.
Conclusions
The results obtained here suggest that the ELISA IDEXX™ may be a supplemental test for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in regions without routine testing and slaughter, where the disease generally progresses to more advanced stages and antibody responses are likely to be more prevalent. The results provided evidence to support the validation of the ELISA IDEXX™ as a supplemental test for bTB eradication programs.
Quercetin attenuates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in H292 human lung epithelial cells infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by modulating ExoS production
Authors: Ahn Hye In , Park Ji-Won , Jang Hyun-Jae , Kwon Ok-kyoung , Kim Jung Hee , Oh Sei-Ryang , Han Sang-Bae , Ahn Kyung-Seop 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The type three secretion system (T3SS) is a major virulence system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The effector protein Exotoxin S (ExoS) produced by P. aeruginosa is secreted into the host cells via the T3SS. For the purpose of screening the inhibitors with regard to ExoS secretion, we developed the sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system. From the initial screening, quercetin was selected because it has the prominent effect of ExoS inhibition and also is known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on mammalian cells.Results In this study, we investigated the effects of quercetin on the expression and secretion of ExoS using the ELISA and Western blot analysis methods. The results showed that the secretion of ExoS was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner by quercetin. Also, pscF and popD, which are composed of the T3SS needle, are reduced by quercetin at the mRNA level, and we confirmed the inhibitory effect of quercetin on cytokines in P. aeruginosa-infected H292 cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Conclusion Collectively, quercetin inhibits the secretion of ExoS by reducing both ExoS production and the expression of the needle protein of T3SS. Furthermore, these results suggest that quercetin has the potential
“There Are Still a Lot of Things that I Need”: A Qualitative Study Exploring Opportunities to Improve the Health Services of First Nations People with Arthritis seen at an On-reserve Outreach Rheumatology Clinic
Authors: Loyola-Sanchez Adalberto , Pelaez-Ballestas Ingris , Crowshoe Lynden , Lacaille Diane , Henderson Rita , Rame Ana , White Tyler , Linkert Tessa , Barnabe Cheryl 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Arthritis is a highly prevalent disease and leading cause of disability in the Indigenous population. A novel model of care consisting of a rheumatology outreach clinic in an on-reserve primary healthcare center has provided service to an Indigenous community in Southern Alberta since 2010. Despite quality assessments suggesting this model of care improves accessibility and is effective in meeting treatment targets, substantial improvements in patient-reported outcomes have not been realized. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the experiences of Indigenous persons with arthritis and healthcare providers involved in this model of care to inform the development of health service improvements that enhance patient outcomes.Methods This was a narrative-based qualitative study involving a purposeful sample of 32 individuals involved in the Indigenous rheumatology model of care. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted to elicit experiences with the existing model of care and to encourage reflections on opportunities to improve it. A two-stage analysis was conducted. The first stage aimed to produce a narrative synthesis of sensitizing concepts through a dialogical method comparing people with arthritis and health providers’ narratives. The second stage involved a collective effort to crystalize these sensitizing concepts in specific recommendations to improve the quality of the current model of care. Triangulation, through participant checking and discussion among researchers, was used to increase the validity of the final recommendations.Results Ten Indigenous people with arthritis lived experience, 14 health providers and 8 administrative staff were interviewed. One main overarching theme was identified, which reflected the need to provide services that improve people’s functioning. Further, the following specific recommendations were identified: 1) enhancing patient-provider communication, 2) improving the continuity of the healthcare service, 3) increasing community awareness about the presence and negative impact of arthritis, and 4) increasing peer connections and support among people living with arthritis.Conclusions Improving the quality of the current Indigenous rheumatology model of care requires implementing strategies that improve functioning, patient-provider communication, continuity of care, community awareness and peer support. A community facilitator in a role of a patient navigator could facilitate the implementation of these strategies.
Case Report of 78 –year-old man with meningitis, Pulmonary Thromboembolism &amp; SARS-Coronavirus-2 infection
Authors: Moghimi Minoosh , Ghodrati Samad , Abbaspourrad Zahra , Mojhdehi Amirhossein Moghtader , Jafari Sattar , Mansouri Reza , Khodadadi Kasra , Muhammmadi Muhammmad Javad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The novel corona virus infection involve both Central & Peripheral Nervous System . Some of the presentations include: acute cerebrovascular disease, impaired consciousness, transverse myelitis, encephalopathy, encephalitis and epilepsy. Our patient was 78 year –old man with dementia and diabetic nephropathy which was admitted two times for possibly COVID19 infection. At the first hospitalization, the patient is treated with hydroxychloroquine and kaletra based on clinical symptoms and initial laboratory findings due to suspicion of COVID19 . After the negative RT-PCR test of nasopharyngeal sample for covid19 and evidence of aspiration pneumonia in CT scan, the patient was discharged with oral antibiotics. Five weeks later, he was rehospitalized with loss of consciousness, fever and hypoxemia in physical exam he had neck stiffness in all directions, So the CNS infection was suspected, the CSF sample was in favor of aseptic meningitis and second RT-PCR test of nasopharyngeal sample for COVID19 was positive but Brain MRI just showed small vessel disease without evidence of encephalitis. In the second hospitalization, he had acute renal failure, which was treated with supportive care, and also suffered from pulmonary embolism with cavitary lesions in his lungs. Meningitis with pulmonary embolism and acute renal failure have not yet reported. Our patient is the first one, so we decided to share it. This case showed different presentation of COVID19 without typical lung involvement. So we must pay attention to any sign & symptoms in a patient suspected of having a COVID19 .
Health Workers’perspectives on Vacuum Extraction in Mulago Hospital, Uganda
Authors: Capelle Manuela , Nolens Barbara , Lule John , Byamugisha Josaphat , Roosmalen Jos van , Akker Thomas van den 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The objective of this manuscript is toexplore perceptions of health workersregardingthe use of vacuum extraction, two years after the implementation of training programme, in Mulago Hospital, Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional survey among midwives, residents and consultant obstetricians,was performed. It was composed of questions pertaining to vacuum extraction, addressing reasons for low use, recommendations to increase use, preferred mode of birth, views aboutwho is suited to perform the procedure and contraindications.Results: Eighty-threeof 134(61.9%) participants returned the survey. The most frequent reasons for low use of vacuum extraction were lack of training (60/83, 72.3%) andequipment (59/83, 71.1%). Skills training and improved supply of equipment were recommended. Most participants (57/83, 68.8%) chose vacuum extraction over caesarean section as hypothetical mode of birth forthemselves or a relative. There was a tendency to cite contraindications not identified as such in international guidelines (big baby, caput succedaneum, moulding). Midwives and doctors with appropriate training were generally allconsideredsuited to perform vacuum extraction. Conclusion: Health workers generally conveyed a positive attitude towards vacuum extraction, despite some perceived barriers, often unsupported by evidence.Organisation of skills training, supply of equipment and focus on knowledge of indications are essential to increase its use.
Radiological evaluation of malignant pleural mesothelioma - defining distant metastatic disease
Authors: Collins Dearbhaile Catherine , Sundar Raghav , Constantidinou Anastasia , Dolling David , Yap Timothy Anthony , Popat Sanjay , O’Brien Mary E , Banerji Udai , de Bono Johann Sebastian , Lopez Juanita Suzanne , Tunariu Nina , Minchom Anna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is traditionally characterized by local destructive spread of the pleura and surrounding tissues. Patient outcomes in MPM with distant metastatic dissemination are lacking.
Methods
In this retrospective study, we reviewed a cohort of 164 MPM patients referred to a Phase I trials unit, describe identified metastatic sites, and correlate with clinical outcomes.
Results
67% of patients were diagnosed with distant metastatic disease with a high incidence of bone (19%), visceral (14%), contralateral lung (35%) and peritoneal metastases (22%). Peritoneal metastases were more likely in epithelioid versus biphasic/ sarcomatoid MPM (p = 0.015). Overall survival was 23.8 months with no statistical difference in survival between those with distant metastases and those without.
Conclusions
This report highlights the frequency of distant metastases and encourages further radiological investigations in the presence of symptoms. In particular, given the relatively high incidence of bone metastases, bone imaging should be considered in advanced MPM clinical workflow and trial protocols. The presence of distant metastases does not appear to have prognostic implications under existing treatment paradigms. This cohort of MPM patients gives an indication of patterns of metastatic spread that are likely to become prevalent as prognosis improves with emerging treatment paradigms.
Co-composting of green waste, food waste and phosphoric rock. Comparison of two-stage composting with traditional composting.
Authors: Hernandez-Gomez Angelica Maria , Ríos Marcos , Portela Anauribeth , Sánchez-Torres Viviana , Domínguez Isabel , Oviedo-Ocaña Ricardo , Komilis Dimitrios 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Green waste (GW) co-composting has limitations due to the content of slowly degradable compounds (i.e. lignocellulosic substances). The introduction of amendment and bulking materials has improved organic matter degradation and end-product quality. However, recent studies have included additional strategies such as two-stage composting (TSC). This research evaluates the effect of TSC on the process and end-product quality of co-composting of GW, food waste, sawdust and phosphoric rock. In our knowledge, TSC has not been studied together with strategies like the addition of co-substrates such as FW and phosphoric rock to improve GW composting. A pilot-scale study was developed using two triplicate treatments: TA: TSC and TB: Traditional composting. The two treatments used the same mixture (wet weight): 46% GW, 19% unprocessed food waste, 18% processed food waste, 13% sawdust, and 4% phosphoric rock. TB had a higher degradation rate of organic matter during the mesophilic and thermophilic phases compared to TA. This is related to the higher temperatures for longer periods during these two phases, with a higher degradation of volatile solids. Nonetheless, during the cooling and maturation phases, the two treatments had similar behavior on temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity with ash and lignin contents without significant differences at the end of the process. End-products in both treatments lacked statistically significant differences and fulfill quality criteria for use as soil improvers. However, end-products from traditional composting had lower nutrient content (NTotal and PTotal) that can be associated with nitrogen volatilization or the use of nutrients by the microorganisms during the active process phases. These results indicate that at the end of the process, there were no significant differences in the total processing time, degradation rate or end-product quality among TSC and traditional composting. Evaluation of complementary strategies must continue to improve GW composting.
Expired Probiotics: What is Really in Your Cabinet?
Authors: Wilcox Hannah , Carr Charles , Seney Shannon , Reid Gregor , Burton Jeremy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The popularity of using probiotics has surged, since they became widely accepted as safe and help improve general health. Inevitably, some of these products are used after expiration when microbial cell viability is below the recommended effective dose. Given that probiotics are live microorganisms administered in adequate amounts, the aim of this study was to measure viability in expired products and assess how packaging and storage conditions impact efficacy, if at all.Results: Thirty-three expired probiotic products were evaluated, of which 26 were stored in conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The viable microbial counts were enumerated and representative isolates identified by 16S and ITS rRNA gene sequencing. While the products had a mean past expiration time of 11.32 (1 to 22) years, 22 still had viable contents, and 5 were within or above the original product cell count claim. Product formulation, and number of species present did not appear to impact the stability of the products. However, overall packaging type, storage conditions and time since expiry were found to affect viability. All products with viable cells had the strain stipulated on the label.Conclusion: Despite some selected probiotic products retaining viability long past their expiry date (indicating long term storage is possible), the total counts were mostly well below that required for efficacious use as recommended by the manufacturer. Consuming expired probiotics may not yield the benefits for which they were designed.