bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic and cardiovascular risk factors associated with drug use in truck drivers in the state of São Paulo: A cross-sectional study.
Authors: Pereira Mariana Moura , Mansur Antonio Padua , Takada Julio Yoshio , Leyton Vilma 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background: The irregular routine of truck drivers favors the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), especially cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which can be exacerbated by the use of illicit drugs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with data from 2,071 truck drivers who traveled through the state of São Paulo between 2010 and 2016. Socioeconomic and occupational variables, risk factors for CVD, use of illicit drugs were analyzed. Clinical and toxicological tests were also carried out. Results: The average age of the truck drivers was 42.27 ± 11.07 years, and the use of illicit drugs, at least once while working, was reported or detected in 388 (18.7%) drivers. Compared to non-users, drug users were younger (37.25 ± 9.45 vs. 43.43 ± 11.1 years; p <0.001) and single (43.3% vs. 28.4%; p <0.001). The independent variables age [OR = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91 - 0.95; p<0.001)], smoking [OR = 2.18 (95% CI: 1.39 - 3.44; p = 0.001)], alcohol consumption [OR = 1.626 (95% CI: 1.06 - 2.49; p = 0.026)] and hours of driving per day [OR = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01 - 1.15; p = 0.012)] were also associated with the use of illicit drugs. Conclusion: The use of illicit drugs was higher in young and single drivers and was associated with a higher prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption and more driving hours, which are risk factors for NCDs, CVD and traffic accidents.
Idiographic analyses of motivation and related processes in participants with schizophrenia following a therapeutic intervention for negative symptoms
Authors: Thonon Bénédicte , Aubel Evelyne Van , Lafit Ginette , Libera Clara Della , Laroi Frank 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background : Motivational negative symptoms hinder quality of life and daily functioning of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A recently developed intervention, Switch, has shown promising effects on negative symptoms and functional outcomes. Switch targets multiple cognitive, emotional and behavioural processes associated with motivation and goal directed behaviours. We aimed to investigate its effects on motivation and associated processes in a naturalistic setting, and to explore the dynamics between the processes. Methods : We used a single case approach ( n = 3), with a pre-post and follow-up assessment design, which also included ambulatory assessments (experience sampling method, ESM; and step count). We computed autoregressive lag 1 models to evaluate the effects of the intervention on daily motivation levels and related processes, descriptive pie-charts, and vector autoregressive modelling to reveal the dynamics of the processes over time. Results : The intervention was beneficial for each participant according to traditional evaluations of motivational negative symptoms, apathy, daily functioning and quality of life. The effects on the ESM variables revealed distinct outcomes for each individual. The dynamics between the various processes differed between participants, and fluctuated within participants (when comparing baseline, intervention phase, and follow-up). Conclusions : This study used an innovative approach to look at the effectiveness of an intervention. The intervention seems to lead to meaningful improvements in motivational negative symptoms and functional outcomes. The mechanisms of change need to be further investigated.
Identification, Evolution, Expression, and Docking Studies of Fatty Acid Desaturase Genes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Hajiahmadi Zahra , Abedi Amin , Wei Hui , Sun Weibo , Ruan Honghua , Zhuge Qiang , Movahedi Ali 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) introduce a double bond into the fatty acids acyl chain resulting in unsaturated fatty acids that have essential roles in plant development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Wheat germ oil, one of the important by-products of wheat, can be a good alternative for edible oils with clinical advantages due to the high amount of unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the wheat FAD gene family (TaFADs).Results: 68 FAD genes were identified from the wheat genome. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, wheat FADs clustered into five subfamilies, including FAB2, FAD2/FAD6, FAD4, DES/SLD, and FAD3/FAD7/FAD8. The TaFADs were distributed on chromosomes 2A-7B with 0 to 10 introns. The Ka/Ks ratio was less than one for most of the duplicated pair genes revealed that the function of the genes had been maintained during the evolution. Several cis-acting elements related to hormones and stresses in the TaFADs promoters indicated the role of these genes in plant development and responses to environmental stresses. Likewise, 72 SSRs and 91 miRNAs in 36 and 47 TaFADs have been identified. According to RNA-seq data analysis, the highest expression in all developmental stages and tissues was related to TaFAB2.5, TaFAB2.12, TaFAB2.15, TaFAB2.17, TaFAB2.20, TaFAD2.1, TaFAD2.6, and TaFAD2.8 genes while the highest expression in response to temperature stress was related to TaFAD2.6, TaFAD2.8, TaFAB2.15, TaFAB2.17, and TaFAB2.20. Furthermore, docking simulations revealed several residues in the active site of TaFAD2.6 and TaFAD2.8 in close contact with the docked oleic acid that could be useful in future site-directed mutagenesis studies to increase the catalytic efficiency of them and subsequently improve agronomic quality and tolerance of wheat against environmental stresses. Conclusions: This study provides comprehensive information that can lead to the detection of candidate genes for wheat genetic modification.
Inhibiting roles of FOXA2 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion by transcriptionally suppressing microRNA-103a-3p and activating the GREM2/LATS2 axis
Authors: Ma Guangzhen , Chen Jirong , Wei Tiantian , Wang Jia , Chen Wenshan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Sphingomyelin(d35:1) as a novel predictor for lung adenocarcinoma recurrence after a radical surgery: a case-control study
Authors: Takanashi Yusuke , Funai Kazuhito , Sato Shumpei , Kawase Akikazu , Tao Hong , Takahashi Yutaka , Sugimura Haruhiko , Setou Mitsutoshi , Kahyo Tomoaki , Shiiya Norihiko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To improve the postoperative prognosis of patients with lung cancer, predicting the recurrence high-risk patients is needed for the efficient application of adjuvant chemotherapy. However, predicting lung cancer recurrence after a radical surgery is difficult even with conventional histopathological prognostic factors, thereby a novel predictor should be identified. As lipid metabolism alterations are known to contribute to cancer progression, we hypothesized that lung adenocarcinomas with high recurrence risk contain candidate lipid predictors. This study aimed to identify candidate lipid predictors for the recurrence of lung adenocarcinoma after a radical surgery.Methods: Frozen tissue samples of primary lung adenocarcinoma obtained from patients who underwent a radical surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Recurrent and non-recurrent cases were assigned to recurrent (n = 10) and non-recurrent (n = 10) groups, respectively. Extracted lipids from frozen tissue samples were subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The average total lipid levels of the non-recurrent and recurrent groups were compared. Candidate predictors were screened by comparing the folding change and P-value of t-test in each lipid species between the recurrent and non-recurrent groups.Results: The average total lipid level of the recurrent group was 1.65 times higher than that of the non-recurrent group (P < 0.05). A total of 203 lipid species were increased (folding change, ≥2; P < 0.05) and 4 lipid species were decreased (folding change, ≤0.5; P < 0.05) in the recurrent group. Among these candidates, increased sphingomyelin (SM)(d35:1) in the recurrent group was the most prominent candidate predictor, showing high performance of recurrence prediction (AUC, 9.1; sensitivity, 1.0; specificity, 0.8; accuracy, 0.9).Conclusion: We propose SM(d35:1) as a novel candidate predictor for lung adenocarcinoma recurrence. Our finding can contribute to precise recurrence prediction and qualified postoperative therapeutic strategy for lung adenocarcinomas.Abbreviations: AUC, area under the ROC curve; ROC, receiver operating characteristic. This retrospective study was registered at the UMIN Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN000039202) on 21st January 2020.
Verifying the feasibility of using Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to analyze Linqing brick: evaluation of the influencing factors, assessing reliability, and providing scientific advice
Authors: Chen Zexuan , Zhang Long , Hou Feng , Xie Jialiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Linqing brick is quite popular in Chinese history. Currently, identifying the origin of Linqing brick is an important issue to be studied in the field of archeology and architectural history in China. Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence (HH-XRF) spectrometry enables the in-situ determination of the main elements in Linqing brick in a rapid non-destructive manner. HH-XRF is important in identifying the origin of Linqing brick. However, HH-XRF could be influenced by certain factors and may be capable of measuring only the element contents of the surface for the bricks in situ. The present study aimed to verify the reliability of HH-XRF and to systematically evaluate the different factors influencing measurement precision and accuracy so that scientific advice could be provided regarding the usage of HH-XRF for this application. Four experiments were performed to determine the influencing factors and assess the reliability through cross-validation using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Finally, the influence of the different studied factors was studied, and the reliability of HH-XRF was ensured. The facts to consider about the measurement time, cross validation, criteria to select points, treat surface and getting final data and how to avoid the effect of rain, while using this method, are provided.
Integrity, Use and Care of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Kirinyaga County, Kenya
Authors: Nyangi Mary Wanjiku , Kigondu Elizabeth Mumbi , Irungu Beatrice , Nganga Margaret , Gachanja Anthony , Kinyanjui Martin , Nyangacha Ruth , Muniu Erastus , Kamau Luna , Gathirwa Jeremiah 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Vector control is an essential component in prevention and control of malaria in malaria endemic areas. Insecticide treated nets is one of the standard tools recommended for malaria vector control. The objective of the study was to determine physical integrity and insecticidal potency of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) used in control of malaria vector in Kirinyaga County, Kenya.Method: The study targeted households in an area which had received LLINs during mass net distribution in 2016 from Ministry of Health. A total of 420 households were sampled using systematic sampling method, where the household heads consented to participate in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to assess care and use while physical examination was used to determine integrity. Chemical potency was determined by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. Results: After eighteen months of use, 96.9% (95% CI: 95.2% – 98.6%) of the distributed nets were still available. Regarding the net utilization, 94.1% of household heads reported sleeping under an LLIN the previous night. After physical examination, 49.9% (95% CI: 43% - 52.8%) of the bed nets had at least one hole. The median number of holes of any size was 2[interquartile range (IQR) 1-4], and most holes were located on the lower part of the nets, [median 3 (IQR 2-5)]. Only 15% of the nets with holes had been repaired. The median concentration for alpha-cypermethrin was 7.15mg/m2 (IQR 4.25-15.31) and 0.00mg/g (IQR 0.00-1.99) for permethrin. Based on pHI, Chi-square test varied significantly with the manufacturer (X (6, N=389) = 29.14, p = 0.04). There was no significant difference between nets with different number of washes (X2(2) = 4.55, p = 0.103).Conclusion: More than three-quarters of the nets supplied had survived and insecticidal potency was adequate in vector control. 14.2% of the nets were too torn and required immediate replacement. Studies for validated field evaluation of surface insecticidal content available to a mosquito after landing on a net to rest should be developed.
3,4-diaminopyridine Treatment for Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome in Adults: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhang Na , Hong Daojun , Ouyang Taohui , Meng Wei , Huang Jingwei , Li Meihua , Hong Tao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a rare autoimmune disorder of neuromuscular transmission. The objective was to examine the efficacy and safety of 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP) in patients with LEMS. Methods: We searched several databases to identify relevant studies, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register.The primary outcome, quantitative myasthenia gravis (QMG) score and the secondary outcome, compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) amplitude were pooled by meta-analysis. Results: Six randomised controlled trials (RCT) involving 115 patients with LEMS were included. QMG score showed a significant decrease (improvement) of 2.33 points (95% CI, -2.81 to -1.85, p<0.001) after treatment with 3,4-DAP. Moreover, the overall mean CMAP amplitude improved significantly in LEMS patients with 3, 4-DAP treatment, compared with placebo treatment (mean difference 1.63 mV, 95% CI, 0.85 to 2.41, p<0.001). The overall assessment of all included trials showed a low risk of bias and low heterogeneity. Conclusions: The pooled results of randomized controlled trials demonsrated with moderate to high evidence that 3,4-DAP has a significant effect on LEMS treatment, with improvements in muscle strength score and CMAP amplitude.
Potential causes and consequences of rapid mitochondrial genome evolution in thermoacidophilic Galdieria (Rhodophyta)
Authors: Cho Chung Hyun , Park Seung In , Ciniglia Claudia , Yang Eun Chan , Graf Louis , Bhattacharya Debashish , Yoon Hwan Su 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe Cyanidiophyceae is an early-diverged red algal class that thrives in extreme conditions around acidic hot springs. Although this lineage has been highlighted as a model for understanding the biology of extremophilic eukaryotes, little is known about the molecular evolution of their mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes). ResultsTo fill this knowledge gap, we sequenced five mitogenomes from representative clades of Cyanidiophyceae and identified two major groups, here referred to as Galdieria-type (G-type) and Cyanidium-type (C-type). G-type mitogenomes exhibit the following three features: (i) reduction in genome size and gene inventory, (ii) evolution of unique protein properties including charge, hydropathy, stability, amino acid composition, and protein size, and (iii) distinctive GC-content and skewness of nucleotides. Based on GC-skew-associated characteristics, we postulate that unidirectional DNA replication may have resulted in the rapid evolution of G-type mitogenomes. ConclusionsThis high divergence was likely driven by natural selection in the multiple extreme environments that Galdieria species inhabit combined with their highly flexible heterotrophic metabolism. We speculate that the interplay between mitogenome divergence and adaptation may help explain the dominance of Galdieria species in diverse extreme habitats.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in pregnancy women: results from two cohort studies in China
Authors: Mei Hong , Li Na , Li Junwei , Zhang Dan , Cao Zhongqiang , Zhou Yongjie , Cao Jiangxia , Zhou Ai’fen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a global atmosphere of anxiety and depression. However, the impact of this disaster on mental health in pregnancy women was not clear.
Methods

Based on two cohort study, the Novel Coronavirus Disease Influenced Pregnant Cohort Study (NCP) set up during the COVID-19 epidemic and the Healthy Baby Cohort Study (HBC) set up in 2012, we compared the anxiety, depression and stress levels of pregnant women who did not or did go through the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzed the risk factors for mental health in pregnancy women.
Results

There were 784 and 2448 participants in the CNP and HBC studies involved in the analysis, respectively. We found that there were 23.09% and 4.72% pregnant women suffering for mild and moderate-to-several anxieties for those in the NCP study, and 21.53% and 3.06% in the HBC study. The mild and moderate-to-several depression rate was 25.89% and 11.35% for those in the NCP study, and 19.81% and 0.51% for those in the HBC study, respectively. No significant difference was found for anxiety, depression and stress levels was found at each gestational trimester (p > 0.05). The pandemic of COVID-19 was significantly associated with maternal depression and stress (p < 0.05), with the co-efficient and 95%CI as 0.37 (0.18, 0.55) and − 0.12 (-0.09, -0.32), respectively. Pregnant women with pre-pregnancy obesity, higher educational level or good sleep quality might have lower risks for anxiety, depression and stress compared with the referenced groups.
conclusions

The pandemic had a huge impact on depression, especially moderate-to-sever level, in pregnant women at whatever gestational week; and that pre-pregnancy obesity, highly educated and sleep well ones had less anxiety and depression risks. The society, especially the family members, should pay more attention to pregnant ones and give more social support to them.
Single-stage transverse process resection, debridement, interbody fusion, and internal fixation for the treatment of lumbar spinal tuberculosis via posterior-only approach
Authors: Li Zhongwei , Shuwen Zhang , He Miao , Cheng Hao , Zhao Dongming , Yang Xinming , Hali Habulihan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Spinal tuberculosis (TB) is a less frequently reported infectious spinal pathology. There are controversies on the surgical intervention of lumbar spinal TB with neurological damage and paraspinal abscess. This retrospective study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of single-stage transverse process resection, debridement, interbody fusion, and internal fixation for the treatment of lumbar spinal TB via posterior-only approach.Methods: From January 2015 to June 2018, 32 consecutive patients (19 males and 13 females) with lumber spinal TB complicated with neurological damage and paraspinal abscess treated by single-stage transverse process resection, debridement, interbody fusion, and internal fixation were enrolled. Medical records, imaging studies, laboratory data were collected and summarized. Anti-TB drugs with HREZ chemotherapy regimen was administered to all patients. Surgical outcomes were evaluated based on visual analogue scale (VAS), American Spinal injury Association (ASIA) classification. The changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), clinical symptoms and complications were investigated. Graft fusion was evaluated using Bridwell grading criteria.Results: The mean follow-up period was 20.41 ± 5.19 months. No implant failures were observed in any patients. Wound infection was observed in one patient. Solid bony fusion was achieved in 9 cases at 6 months and 23 cases at 12 months after operation. Kyphosis angle was 11.28 ± 4.01° at final follow-up. The levels of ESR and CRP were returned to normal at the final follow-up. VAS scores were significantly improved (P < 0.05). According to ASIA classification, 6 cases were classified as with grade D and 26 cases were classified as grade E at the last follow-up.Conclusion: Single-stage transverse process resection, debridement, interbody fusion, and internal fixation via posterior-only approach is a feasible and effective surgical therapy for lumbar spinal TB with neurological damage and paraspinal abscess.
Perceived Social support and compliance with stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 outbreak: Evidence from Iran
Authors: Paykani Toktam , Zimet Geregory D. , Esmaeili Reza , khajedaluee Amir Reza , Khajedaluee Mohammad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Strong evidence demonstrates that social support plays a key role in facilitating preventive health behaviors. The major aim of the current study was to assess the effects of perceived social support on compliance with stay-at-home advice in response to a COVID-19 outbreak during the Persian New Year (Nowruz) holydays, since Nowruz holidays of 2020 coincided with the peak of the coronavirus epidemic in Iran.
Methods
This cross-sectional survey was carried out based on phone interviews of 1073 adults aged over 18 years from 4 to 12 April 2020 in Mashhad, Khorasan-Razavi Province, as the second largest city of Iran. A systematic random sampling was carried out using fixed phone number lists provided by Telecommunication Company of Khorasan-Razavi Province. Phone interviews were carried out by four trained interviewers from the Iranian Students Polling Agency (ISPA) at various times of the day. The survey included sociodemographic questions, perceived social support scale (MSPSS) and questions about self-isolation. Statistical analysis included Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis and multivariate logistic regression.
Results
20.5% of participants reported poor compliance with self-isolation during the first two weeks of Nowruz. Clear social gradients were not found in people’s compliance with self-isolation. When controlling socio-demographic factors, perceived social support, interestingly, both fostered and hindered personal compliance with self-isolation, depending on the source of support from family members (OR = .875, 95% CI = .800, .957, p < .005), friends (OR = 1.147, 95% CI = 1.073, 1.223, p < .001) and a significant other person (OR = .916, 95% CI = .833, 1.007, p = .069).
Conclusions
Public health messaging may need to emphasize the role that friends and families can play in helping to protect those in their friendship/family groups by promoting compliance with social distancing. Further in-depth studies are recommended to evaluate how this kind of messaging can most effectively encourage people to engage in social distancing practices.