bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Snubbing Unit Brings Middle East Well With Underground Blowout Under Control
Authors: Feder Judy 
Published: December 2019

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 194283, “Rapid Deployment and Use of Snubbing Unit Brings Well With Underground Blowout and Surface Broaching Under Control,” by Albert Donaldson, SPE, Victor Marrero-Reyes, and William Scott, Halliburton, and Haitham Al-Mayyan, SPE, Kuwait Oil Company, prepared for the 2019 SPE/ICoTA Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, 26–27 March.
This paper describes the mobilization of a snubbing unit and blowout preventer (BOP) stack in the Middle East that enabled a well with an underground blowout and surface broaching to be brought under control within a short time. The mobilization timeline is provided, along with details about how the snubbing unit and BOPs were integrated with existing equipment to enable re-entry into the blowout well. The procedures and equipment used to enable a stable rig-up and well entry are discussed. The paper also describes the situation within the well and the procedures used to bring it under control.
Introduction and Background
A well drilled and completed in 1991 was last worked over and recompleted as a single-zone producer in 2010. On 25 March 2018, the perforated zone was isolated riglessly with a through- tubing bridge plug (TTBP) and dumped cement, and new perforations were added between 3,994 and 4,010 ft. After perforation, wellhead pressure (WHP) was only 90 psi, which was not sufficient to flow the well to the nearby gathering center, and the well was shut in.
On 29 March, the gathering center reported that WHP had increased to 800 psi and that a nearby cathodic protection well had begun producing oil and gas to atmosphere. Investigations were performed on all production wells in the vicinity, and identified the well that was the source of communication with the cathodic protection well. The tubing pressure was found to be 800 psi, and the casing pressure was recorded as 650 psi.
Slickline was mobilized, and on 29 March, a tubing check revealed an obstruction in the tubing at 3,738 ft and provided evidence of damaged tubing at 1,960 ft. Between 29 and 31 March, multiple attempts to kill the well were made with brine weights between 9.0 and 9.6 ppg, followed by oil-based mud (OBM) at 16.0 ppg. Although pressures were temporarily reduced to 0 psi, they quickly returned to 800 psi on the tubing and 650 psi on the tubing by the 7-in. casing annulus. A total of 1,200 bbl of OBM was pumped into the well.
On 3 April, wireline was rigged up, and the logs run indicated that the tubing was severely damaged at approximately 1,951 ft, with many holes and wall loss between 1,296 and 3,727 ft. The 7-in. casing was found to have severe damage between 1,585 and 1,620 ft. Pressure and temperature logs indicated gas flow between the tubing and casing at 1,951 ft.
Morphologic and biochemical changes in the retina and sclera induced by form deprivation high myopia in guinea pigs
Authors: zi yingxin , Deng Yu , Zhao Jingru , Ji Meiqi , Qin Yali , Deng Tingting , Jin Ming 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Our aim was to study the morphologic and biochemical changes in the retina and sclera induced by form deprivation high myopia (FDHM) in guinea pigs and explore the possible mechanisms FDHM formation. Methods Forty 3-weeks-old guinea pigs were randomized into the blank control (Group I, 20 cases) and model groups (20 cases). In the model group, the right eyes of the guinea pigs were sutured 8 weeks to induce FDHM (Group II) and the left eyes were considered a self-control group (Group III). The refractive errors were measured were measured with retinoscopy. The anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous depth and axial length were measured using ultrasonometry A. Retinal and scleral morphology and ultrastructural features were observed with light and electron microscopy. The content of malondialdehyde and the activity of superoxide dismutase in the retina and sclera were detected with a chemical colorimetric assay. Results After remaining stitched for eight weeks, the refractive errors of Group II changed from (+3.59±0.33) D to (-7.96±0.55) D, and these values were significantly higher than those of Group I (+0.89±0.32) D and Group III (-0.55±0.49) D. The vitreous chamber depth (4.12±0.13) mm and axial length (8.93±0.22) mm of Group II were significantly longer than that of Group I [(3.71±0.23) mm and (7.95±0.37) mm, respectively] and Group III [(3.93±0.04) mm and (8.01±0.15) mm, respectively] (P < 0.05). With the prolongation of form deprivation, the retina and scleral tissue became thinner, the ganglion cell and inner and outer nuclear layers of the retina became decreased, and the arrangement was disordered. In Group II, the activity of SOD was significantly lower than that in Group I and Group III, and the content of MDA was significantly higher in Group II than in Group I and Group III. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions These findings suggested that in the FDHM guinea pigs model, the refractive errors, the vitreous chamber depth, and axial length increased significantly with prolongation of monocular FD time, and morphological structural changes in the retina and sclera were observed. Oxygen free radicals might participate in the formation of FDHM.
Early intervention and follow-up programs among children with cerebral palsy in Moldova: potential impact on impairments?
Authors: Bufteac Ecaterina Gincota , Andersen Guro L. , Spinei Larisa , Jahnsen Reidun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aim: To study whether early intervention services (EI) and a follow-up program (FU) influence outcomes of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Moldova. Methods: Records from 351 children with CP in Moldova born during 2009 and 2010 were retrieved from hospital and orphanage archives between 1 July 2016 and 30 September 2017. We investigated the proportion enrolled in EI and FU at the Early Intervention Centre Voinicel and at the Institute of Mother and Child in 2009-2012. Logistic regression analyses were applied to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for outcomes in children enrolled and not enrolled. Results: Among all children with CP, 166 (47%) were enrolled in EI and FU. Of the 51 children born extremely preterm (gestational age ≤31 weeks), 46 (90%) were enrolled, compared to 97 (39%) of the 250 children born at term. Among 110 non-walking children with CP, 82 (74%) were enrolled into EI and FU, compared to 84 (35%) of 241 able to walk. There was no difference in outcomes of cognition, communication, vision and hearing impairments between those enrolled or not enrolled in EI and FU. However, the subgroup analyses showed that the risk of contractures was eleven times higher among non-walking children who were not enrolled in EI and FU programs (OR = 10.931, 95% CI 2.328–51.328, p =0.002). five times higher among those not enrolled, regardless of GMFCS level (OR = 5.474, 95% CI 3.306–9.063, p <0.000). Conclusion: In Moldova, EI and FU seem to be offered mostly to extremely preterm and non-walking children with CP. The results indicate a decreased risk for contractures in these children.
The Influence of Job Satisfaction, Resilience and Work Engagement on Turnover Intention among Village Doctors in China：a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Xuewen , Bian Liyan , Bai Xue , Kong Dezhong , Liu Li , Chen Qing , Li ningxiu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: As the gatekeepers of rural residents’ health, teams of village doctors play a vital role in improving rural residents’ health. However, the high turnover of village doctors – both individually and collectively – threaten the stability of village medical teams. This research evaluated the influence of job satisfaction, resilience, and work engagement on the turnover intention of village doctors, and explored the mediating role of resilience and work engagement between job satisfaction and the turnover intention of village doctors in China. Methods: A quantitative study using a self-administered questionnaire containing mostly structured items was conducted among village doctors with a sample size of 2693 from 1345 rural clinics in Shandong province, China, during May and June 2019. All variables including demographic characteristics, job satisfaction, resilience, work engagement and turnover intention were based on available literature, and measured on a 5- or 6-point Likert scale. Such statistical methods as one-way ANOVA, bivariate correlation, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were used. Results: As high as 46.9% of participants had a high turnover intention and no less than 26.3% of participants had a medium turnover intention. Job satisfaction not only has a direct negative effect on turnover intention(β=-0.37, p < 0.001), but also an indirect effect through work engagement(β= -0.04, p < 0.001), which has a direct negative impact on turnover intention(β= -0.13, p < 0.002), and resilience had an indirect negative effect on turnover intention through the mediating effect of work engagement(β= -0.09, p < 0.001). The results of this study strongly verified that job satisfaction, resilience, and work engagement were early, powerful predicators of turnover intention. Conclusion: According to the results, the following should be taken seriously to improve job satisfaction: reasonable and fair income, effective promotion mechanism, fair social old-age security, reasonable workload, and strong psychological coping mechanisms for work stress. The turnover intention of village doctors could be reduced through improving job satisfaction, resilience and work engagement.
Prevalence of and Characteristics Associated with In-Hospital Mortality in a Ugandan Neurology Ward
Authors: Diaz Monica Maria , Hu Xin , Fenton Brenda T , Kimuli Ivan , Lee Allison , Lindsey Hayley , Bigelow Jeffrey K , Maiser Samuel , Altalib Hamada H. , Sico Jason J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background ― While the burden of neurologic illness in developing countries is increasing, less is known about mortality among patients admitted to sub-Saharan African hospitals with neurologic disease. We sought to characterize the rate and patient-level predictors of in-hospital mortality in a Ugandan Neurology ward.
Methods ― Data was prospectively collected on 335 patients admitted to the Neurology ward of Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate COX proportional hazard modeling were used to assess survival.
Results ―Within our sample (n=307), 35.8% received no diagnosis at time of hospital admission. Stroke (27.3%), head trauma (19.6%), and malaria (16.0%) were the most common diagnoses. Among the 56 (18.5%) patients who died during the index hospitalization, the most common diagnosis at admission and at death was stroke. Adjusted regression analysis showed that patients without a diagnosis at time of death (HR=7.01 [2.42-20.35], p<.001) and those with diagnoses of infections (HR=5.21 [2.16-12.58], p=<.001), stroke (HR=2.69 [1.20-6.04], p=.017), or head trauma (HR=3.39, [1.27-9.07], p=0.15) had worse survival.
Conclusions ― In-hospital mortality affected nearly 20% of the cohort, with worse survival among those without a diagnosis and with infections, stroke, head trauma. Future work should identify reasons for increased mortality among these high-risk groups and implement targeted interventions.
Perinatal outcomes of infants with congenital limb malformations: an observational study from a tertiary referral center in Central Europe
Authors: Farr Alex , Wachutka Eva , Bettelheim Dieter , Windsperger Karin , Farr Sebastian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Congenital limb malformations are rare, and their perinatal outcomes are not well described. This study analyzed the perinatal outcomes of infants with congenital limb malformations.
Methods: All infants with congenital limb malformations who underwent prenatal assessment and delivery at our tertiary referral center from 2004 through 2017 were retrospectively identified. Neonatal outcome parameters were assessed, and the predictors of worse perinatal outcomes were determined.
Results: One hundred twenty-four cases of congenital limb malformations were identified, of which 104 (83.9%) were analyzed. The upper limb was affected in 15 patients (14.4%), the lower limb in 49 (47.1%), and both limbs in 40 (38.5%). A fetal syndrome was identified in 66 patients (63.5%); clubfoot and longitudinal reduction defects were the most frequent malformations. In total, 38 patients (36.5%) underwent termination, seven (6.7%) had stillbirth, and 59 (56.7%) had live-born delivery. Rates of preterm delivery and NICU transfer were 42.4% and 25.4%, respectively. Localization of the malformation was a determinant of the perinatal outcome (P = .006) and preterm delivery (P = .046).
Conclusions: Congenital limb malformations frequently occur bilaterally and are associated with poor perinatal outcomes, including high rates of stillbirth and preterm delivery. Multidisciplinary care and referral to a perinatal center are warranted.
Prevalence of diarrhoea and associated risk factors among children under five years old in Pader district, Northern Uganda
Authors: Omona Stephen , Malinga Geoffrey Maxwell , Opoke Robert , Openy Geoffrey , Opiro Robert 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background : Diarrhoea remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. Of the three East African countries, Uganda has the worst mortality rate in children < 5 years, with 22% of these deaths attributed to diarrhoea. For proper planning and implementation of control, an understanding of the prevalence and determinants of the disease is crucial. This study assessed the prevalence of diarrhoea and related risk factors among children < 5 years in Pajule sub-county, Pader district in northern Uganda. Methods : A cross-sectional survey was conducted in April 2018, covering 244 randomly selected households having children < 5 years old in the study area. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview the households about diarrhoeal history in their children in the last two weeks preceding the survey, and on the risk factors predisposing children to diarrhoeal infections. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with a 95% confidence interval and p < 0.05 was used to identify the risk factors associated with childhood diarrhoeal disease. Results : We found a prevalence of diarrhoea of 29.1% [95% CI (23.7–35.0)] among under-five children in Pajule sub-county during the two weeks preceding the survey. Use of unprotected water source, age of child caretaker, child weaning time and family size had significant associations with diarrheal morbidity. Conclusion : The prevalence of childhood diarrhoea among children < 5 years of age in a rural setting of Pajule sub-county was higher than the Ugandan national average. Use of unprotected water sources, age of child caretaker, child weaning time and family size were identified as predictors of diarrhoeal occurrence. These findings underscore the need for improving access to clean water and providing community health education as the best methods for fighting childhood diarrhoea in the study area.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Genes Involved in the Regulation of Nicotine Biosynthesis at Early Time Points after Topping in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Authors: Qin Yan , Bai Shenglong , Li Wenzheng , Sun Ting , Galbraith David W. , Yang Zefeng , Zhou Yun , Sun Guiling , Wang Bingwu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background： Nicotiana tabacum is an important economic crop. Topping, a common agricultural practice employed with flue-cured tobacco, is designed to increase leaf nicotine contents. Many genes are found to be differentially expressed in response to topping, particularly genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis, but comprehensive analyses of early transcriptional responses induced by topping are not yet available. To develop a detailed understanding of the mechanisms regulating nicotine biosynthesis after topping, we have sequenced the transcriptomes of N. tabacum roots at seven time points following topping.

Results： Differential expression analysis revealed that 4,830 genes respond to topping across all time points. Amongst these, nine gene families involved in nicotine biosynthesis and two gene families involved in nicotine transport showed significant changes during the immediate 24 hour period following topping. No obvious preference to the parental species was detected in the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Significant changes in transcript levels of nine genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis and phytohormone signal transduction were validated by qRT-PCR assays. 549 genes encoding transcription factors (TFs), found to exhibit significant changes in gene expression after topping, formed 15 clusters based on similarities of their transcript level time-course profiles. 336 DEGs involved in phytohormone signal transduction, including genes functionally related to the phytohormones jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, auxin, ethylene, and gibberellin, were identified at the earliest time point after topping.

Conclusions： Our research provides the first detailed analysis of the early transcriptional responses to topping in N. tabacum , and identifies excellent candidates for further detailed studies concerning the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco roots.
Development &amp; Validation of Attitude Toward Nutrition Counselling Questionnaire for use among Kuwaiti healthcare professionals
Authors: ALMughamis Nouf S , Alayoub Abdullah A. , Meraj Hafsa , Waqas Ahmed 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to report the developmental processes and validation of Attitude Toward Nutrition Questionnaire in Arabic language.
Results
A total of 173 (response rate= 86.93%) participants responded to the survey. There were a total of 92 (53.2%) nutritionists and 81(46.8%) doctors/surgeons.A four-factor solution for the Attitude Toward Nutrition Counselling Questionnaire was found to have an acceptable validity and reliability. These four factors cumulatively explained 37.9% of the variance in the factor structure of the ATNQ. The first subscale named “Factual knowledge about nutrition” comprised of nine items. It yielded a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.78. The second subscale “knowledge about nutrition in morbidities” comprised of seven items and yielded a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.71. The third subscale “counselling of patients” comprised of 11 items and yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.68. The fourth subscale comprising nine items yielded a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.64 and was named, “Dietary programs and supplementation”.
Keywords
Nutrition, Questionnaire, Scale, knowledge, Dietician, Arabic, Attitude
Polymorphic markers for identification of parasite population in Plasmodium malariae
Authors: Mathema Vivek Bhakta , Nakeesathit Supatchara , Pagornrat Watcharee , Smithuis Frank , White Nicholas J , Dondorp Arjen , Imwong Mallika 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Molecular genotyping in Plasmodium serves many aims including providing tools for studying parasite population genetics and distinguishing recrudescence from reinfection. Microsatellite typing, insertion-deletion (INDEL) and single nucleotide polymorphisms is used for genotyping, but only limited information is available for P. malariae , an important human malaria species. This study aimed to provide a set of genetic markers to facilitate the study of P. malariae population genetics.
Methods
Markers for microsatellite genotyping and pmmsp1 gene polymorphisms were developed and validated in symptomatic P. malariae field isolates from Myanmar (N=37). Fragment analysis was used to determine allele sizes at each locus to calculate multiplicity of infections (MOI), linkage disequilibrium, genetic richness index, heterozygosity and construct dendrograms. Nucleotide diversity (π), number of haplotypes, and genetic diversity ( H d ) were assessed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Genome-wide microsatellite maps with annotated regions of newly identified markers were constructed.
Results
Six microsatellite markers were developed and tested in 37 P. malariae isolates which showed sufficient heterozygosity (0.530-0.922), genetic richness index (0.050-0.250) and absence of linkage disequilibrium ( I A S = 0.03, p-value > 0.05 ) (N=37). In addition, a tandem repeat (VNTR)-based pmmsp1 INDEL polymorphisms marker was developed and assessed in 27 P. malariae isolates showing a nucleotide diversity of 0.092, haplotype gene diversity of 0.698 and identified 14 unique variants. The size of VNTR consensus repeat unit adopted as allele was 27 base pairs. The markers Pm12_426 and pmmsp1 showed greatest diversity with heterozygosity scores of 0.920 and 0.835, respectively. Using six microsatellites markers, the likelihood that any two parasite strains would have the same microsatellite genotypes was 8.46 × 10 -4 and was further reduced to 1.66 × 10 -4 when pmmsp1 polymorphisms were included.
Conclusions
Six novel microsatellites genotyping markers and a set of pmmsp1 VNTR-based INDEL polymorphisms markers for P. malariae were developed and validated. Each marker could be independently or in combination employed to access genotyping of the parasite. The newly developed markers may serve as a useful tool for investigating parasite diversity, population genetics, molecular epidemiology and for distinguishing recrudescence from reinfection in drug efficacy studies.
The PPI Hawker: An innovative method for public involvement in health research
Authors: Puerta Lidia Luna , Smith Helen E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: A universal challenge in Public Involvement (PPI) in health research is attracting a diversity of patients’ perspectives and experiences. In Singapore, including the public’s voice in research is in its infancy and different ways of involving the public have to be explored.Objective: To design a PPI initiative that enables members of the public to share their ideas and opinions about health research, and then to assess its feasibility in the Singaporean community.Study design: Building on the concept of the PPI Café we designed a PPI Hawker for Singapore. Observations and reflexive field notes were used to evaluate the PPI Hawker’s feasibility, acceptability and utility.Results: From three PPI hawkers we were able to engage 72 members of the public in discussions about a population-based research study for which the researchers wanted to better understand the public’s perspective on various aspects of research design. Three quarters of those approached agreed to participate, indicating the feasibility of this method. PPI participants came from the three major ethnic groups in Singapore and were broad in age, suggesting PPI Hawkers are easily accessible. The majority of participants were willing to discuss all of the questions posed by the researchers. Both participants and researchers recognised the utility of the PPI Hawker, reflecting on people’s willingness to talk about the research issues, engaging in informative conversations and posing relevant questions.Discussion: The PPI Hawkers succeeded in engaging the public in conversations about a local population-based study. The public brought to the researchers’ attention a variety of previously unheard perspectives about the research. Each event fostered connectivity between professionals and the public, generating among researchers a more positive perception of the power of public involvement.Conclusion: PPI Hawkers provide an opportunity for meaningful co-design and co-conduct of research studies with diverse members of the public. They create a focus within a community setting for researchers to engage with the public. The resources needed (costs and preparatory time) are relatively few. Not only do PPI Hawkers have potential in Singapore, but also for the rest of Asia.