bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of the thrombotic risk associated with COVID-19: guidance for the hemostasis laboratory
Authors: Hardy M. , Lecompte T. , Douxfils J. , Lessire S. , Dogné J. M. , Chatelain B. , Testa S. , Gouin-Thibault I. , Gruel Y. , Medcalf R. L. , ten Cate H. , Lippi G. , Mullier F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with extreme inflammatory response, disordered hemostasis and high thrombotic risk. A high incidence of thromboembolic events has been reported despite thromboprophylaxis, raising the question of a more effective anticoagulation. First-line hemostasis tests such as activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen and D-dimers are proposed for assessing thrombotic risk and monitoring hemostasis, but are vulnerable to many drawbacks affecting their reliability and clinical relevance. Specialized hemostasis-related tests (soluble fibrin complexes, tests assessing fibrinolytic capacity, viscoelastic tests, thrombin generation) may have an interest to assess the thrombotic risk associated with COVID-19. Another challenge for the hemostasis laboratory is the monitoring of heparin treatment, especially unfractionated heparin in the setting of an extreme inflammatory response. This review aimed at evaluating the role of hemostasis tests in the management of COVID-19 and discussing their main limitations.
Umbilical endometriosis: a case series
Authors: Makena Dorothy , Obura Timona , Mutiso Steve , Oindi Felix 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. The lesions are typically found in the pelvic cavity but can occur in other extrapelvic areas. Umbilical endometriosis, also known as Villar’s node, is a rare disease comprising 0.5–1% of all extrapelvic disease. It commonly presents with cyclical pain and bleeding from an umbilical nodule.

Case series
We present a retrospective case series of five African patients with umbilical endometriosis diagnosed and treated between July 2015 and February 2019 at a tertiary health facility. The patients were aged between 31 and 47 years, and all presented with an umbilical swelling and pain. They had lesions with diameters ranging from 1.6 cm to 4 cm. The duration of symptoms ranged between 3 and 60 months. Their diagnoses were made on the basis of clinical presentation followed by surgical excision. In all the cases, diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology with no malignancy detected.

Conclusion
Umbilical endometriosis is a rare condition that should be considered as a differential diagnosis in women with umbilical lesions. Diagnosis is mostly clinical; most patients present with umbilical swelling, cyclical pain, and bleeding or discharge. Imaging has a limited role. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice with low risk of malignancy or recurrence.
Making change happen in criminal justice settings: leveraging implementation science to improve mental health care
Authors: Zielinski Melissa J. , Allison M. Kathryn , Brinkley-Rubinstein Lauren , Curran Geoffrey , Zaller Nickolas D. , Kirchner Jo Ann E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
It is a constitutional right to receive health care, including mental health care, while incarcerated. Yet, even basic evidence-based mental health care practices have not been routinely integrated into criminal justice (CJ) settings. Strategies from implementation science, or the study of methods for integrating evidence-based practices into routine care, can accelerate uptake of established interventions within low-resource, high-need settings such as prisons and jails. However, most studies of mental health practices in CJ settings do not use implementation frameworks to guide efforts to integrate treatments, systematically select or report implementation strategies, or evaluate the effectiveness of strategies used.

Case presentations
After introducing implementation science and articulating the rationale for its application within CJ settings, we provide two illustrative case examples of efforts to integrate mental health interventions within CJ settings. Each case example demonstrates how an implementation framework either was applied or could have been applied to promote intervention adoption. The first focuses on poor implementation of a mental health screener in a county jail, retrospectively highlighting how use of a determinants framework (e.g., the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research [CFIR]) could help staff identify factors that led to the implementation failure. The second describes an investigator-initiated research study that used a process framework (the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment [EPIS] framework) to systematically investigate and document the factors that led to successful implementation of a psychotherapy group for survivors of sexual violence in a women’s community corrections center. Both are presented in accessible language, as our goal is that this article can be used as a primer for justice health researchers, community partners, and correctional leadership who are unfamiliar with implementation science.

Conclusions
Scientific research on the application of implementation science to justice settings is growing, but lags behind the work done in health systems. Given the tremendous need for mental and behavioral health intervention across the full spectrum of justice settings, information on how to successfully implement evidence-based intervention and prevention efforts is sorely needed but possible to obtain with greater integration of knowledge from implementation science.
Living with personality disorder and seeking mental health treatment: patients and family members reflect on their experiences
Authors: Barr Karlen R. , Jewell Mahlie , Townsend Michelle L. , Grenyer Brin F. S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite effective treatments for personality disorders being developed, consumers and carers often report negative experiences of mental health services, including challenges accessing these treatments.

Methods
This qualitative study used separate focus groups to compare the unique perspectives of consumer and carers, and to investigate how to improve services for individuals with personality disorders. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results
Both consumers and carers (N = 15) discussed the value of providing appropriate information to consumers when they are diagnosed with personality disorder. Consumers and carers described the importance of creating a safe environment for consumers when they present to the emergency department. Both groups discussed experiencing positive and negative treatment from mental health professionals, and suggested that professionals should be trained to understand personality disorder. Limited accessibility and quality of services, and offering peer support to consumers were also described by consumers and carers. Consumers and carers also had perspectives which were unique to their group. Consumers identified the importance of psychological treatment, having a strong therapeutic relationship with a mental health professional, and the benefit of long term psychotherapy with the same professional. Broadening the scope of psychotherapies including creative, animal-assisted, and physical therapies was recommended by consumers. Carers described the importance of assessing for personality disorder and intervening early. Involvement in the assessment, diagnosis, and intervention process was important to carers. The desire to be recognized and supported by mental health professionals was discussed by carers.

Conclusions
This research contributes to the concern that consumers with personality disorder and their carers experience stigma and low quality care within mental health services. In line with these findings, we recommend guidelines for health professionals who work with consumers with personality disorder.
One versus two anterior miniscrews for correcting upper incisor overbite and angulation: a retrospective comparative study
Authors: Vela-Hernández Arturo , Gutiérrez-Zubeldia Laura , López-García Rocío , García-Sanz Verónica , Paredes-Gallardo Vanessa , Gandía-Franco José Luis , Lasagabaster-Latorre Felicidad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Miniscrews are effective devices for performing upper incisor intrusion. Different mechanics can be applied depending on the treatment objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of one or two anterior miniscrews for upper incisor correction in cases of overbite and angulation in adult patients.

Methods
Forty-four adults with deep overbite were divided into two groups: group 1 was treated with one miniscrew between upper central incisors and group 2 with two miniscrews between upper lateral incisors and canines. Incisor intrusion and length were measured from lateral cephalograms before treatment, after treatment and at least 12 months into retention (T0, T1 and T2). Forces were applied (90 g) from the miniscrews to the archwire using elastomeric chains. ANOVA analysis was used to determine whether differences between evaluation times were statistically significant.

Results
Mean root resorption was 2.15 ± 0.85 mm, which ceased after active treatment. Overbite mean correction was − 3.23 ± 1.73 mm with no statistically significant relapse. Overbite correction and incisor intrusion were significantly greater in group 2 (− 3.80 ± 1.43 versus − 2.75 ± 1.63 for OB and 8.19 ± 3.66 versus 5.69 ± 2.66 for intrusion). Resorption and overbite correction were positively related. No counterclockwise rotation of the mandibular plane was observed.

Conclusions
Overbite correction can be performed by means of upper incisor intrusion without rotation of the mandibular plane. Correction of upper incisor intrusion and overbite is greater in patients treated with two miniscrews. The increase in upper incisor buccal angulation is greater with one miniscrew. Root resorption is positively related to the extent of intrusion. Stability is satisfactory regardless of whether one or two miniscrews are used.
Mathematics anxiety among STEM and social sciences students: the roles of mathematics self-efficacy, and deep and surface approach to learning
Authors: Rozgonjuk Dmitri , Kraav Tiina , Mikkor Kristel , Orav-Puurand Kerli , Täht Karin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough mathematics anxiety and self-efficacy are relatively well-researched, there are several uninvestigated terrains. In particular, there is little research on how mathematics anxiety and mathematics self-efficacy are associated with deep (more comprehensive) and surface (more superficial) approaches to learning among STEM and social sciences students. The aim of the current work was to provide insights into this domain.ResultsBivariate correlation analysis revealed that mathematics anxiety had a very high negative correlation with mathematics self-efficacy. However, while mathematics anxiety correlated positively with surface approach to learning in the STEM student sample, this association was not statistically significant in the social sciences student sample. Controlled for age and gender, regression analysis showed that lower mathematics self-efficacy and female gender predicted higher mathematics anxiety, while only mathematics self-efficacy predicted mathematics anxiety in the social sciences student sample. Interestingly, approaches to learning were not statistically significant predictors in multivariate analyses when mathematics self-efficacy was included.ConclusionsThe results suggest that mathematics self-efficacy plays a large role in mathematics anxiety. Therefore, one potential takeaway from the results of the current study is that perhaps improving students’ mathematics self-efficacy could also be helpful in reducing mathematics anxiety. Since the current study was cross-sectional, it could also be that reducing students’ mathematics anxiety could be helpful in boosting their mathematics self-efficacy. Future studies should aim to clarify the causal link in this relationship.
Characterization of the retinal vasculature in fundus photos using the PanOptic iExaminer system
Authors: Hu Huiling , Wei Haicheng , Xiao Mingxia , Jiang Liqiong , Wang Huijuan , Jiang Hong , Rundek Tatjana , Wang Jianhua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The goal was to characterize retinal vasculature by quantitative analysis of arteriole-to-venule (A/V) ratio and vessel density in fundus photos taken with the PanOptic iExaminer System.

Methods
The PanOptic ophthalmoscope equipped with a smartphone was used to acquire fundus photos centered on the optic nerve head. Two fundus photos of a total of 19 eyes from 10 subjects were imaged. Retinal vessels were analyzed to obtain the A/V ratio. In addition, the vessel tree was extracted using deep learning U-NET, and vessel density was processed by the percentage of pixels within vessels over the entire image.

Results
All images were successfully processed for the A/V ratio and vessel density. There was no significant difference of averaged A/V ratio between the first (0.77 ± 0.09) and second (0.77 ± 0.10) measurements (P = 0.53). There was no significant difference of averaged vessel density (%) between the first (6.11 ± 1.39) and second (6.12 ± 1.40) measurements (P = 0.85).

Conclusions
Quantitative analysis of the retinal vasculature was feasible in fundus photos taken using the PanOptic ophthalmoscope. The device appears to provide sufficient image quality for analyzing A/V ratio and vessel density with the benefit of portability, easy data transferring, and low cost of the device, which could be used for pre-clinical screening of systemic, cerebral and ocular diseases.
Efficient and rapid conversion of human astrocytes and ALS mouse model spinal cord astrocytes into motor neuron-like cells by defined small molecules
Authors: Zhao An-Dong , Qin Hua , Sun Meng-Li , Ma Kui , Fu Xiao-Bing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Motor neuron degeneration or loss in the spinal cord is the characteristic phenotype of motor neuron diseases or spinal cord injuries. Being proliferative and located near neurons, astrocytes are considered ideal cell sources for regenerating neurons.

Methods
We selected and tested different combinations of the small molecules for inducing the conversion of human and mouse astrocytes into neurons. Microscopic imaging and immunocytochemistry analyses were used to characterize the morphology and phenotype of the induced neurons while RT-qPCR was utilized to analyze changes in gene expression. In addition, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were measured to examine the electrophysiological properties of induced neurons.

Results
The results showed that human astrocytes could be rapidly and efficiently converted into motor neuron-like cells by treatment with defined small molecules, with a yield of over 85% motor neuron-like cells attained. The induced motor neuron-like cells expressed the pan-neuronal markers TUJ1, MAP2, NeuN, and Synapsin 1 and motor neuron markers HB9, ISL1, CHAT, and VAChT. During the conversion process, the cells did not pass through a proliferative neural progenitor cell intermediate. The induced motor neurons were functional, showing the electrophysiological properties of neurons. The same chemical cocktail could induce spinal cord astrocytes from an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model carrying a SOD1 mutation to become motor neuron-like cells that exhibited a decrease in cell survival and an increase in oxidative stress compared to that observed in wild-type MNs derived from healthy mice. Moreover, the chemical induction reduced oxidative stress in the mutant astrocytes.

Conclusion
The results of the present study demonstrated the feasibility of chemically converting human and mouse astrocytes into motor neuron-like cells that are useful for neurodegenerative disease modeling and regenerative medicine.
Ethanol extract of Nigella sativa has antioxidant and ameliorative effect against nickel chloride-induced hepato-renal injury in rats
Authors: Akinwumi Kazeem Akinyinka , Jubril Afusat Jagun , Olaniyan Oreoluwa Oluwafunke , Umar Yusuf Yusuf 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Nickel exposure causes hepato-renal toxicity via oxidative stress. Medicinal plants with antioxidants properties are being explored as treatment options. In this study, the effect of ethanol extract of Nigella sativa (ENS) on nickel chloride (NiCl2)-induced hepato-renal damage was evaluated by monitoring biochemical and oxidative stress markers. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity and phytochemical constituents of ENS were quantified using HPLC and GC-MS.

Result
NiCl2 significantly increased (p < 0.05) aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, sodium ion, chloride ion and malondialdehyde levels, while antioxidant enzymes were decreased in the organs except for kidney glutathione-S-transferase when compared to the control. However, ENS exerted inhibitory effect against NiCl2 toxicity in both organs by reversing the biomarkers towards control levels. ENS has a high antioxidant capacity and is rich in antioxidants including gallic acid, quercetin, eucalyptol and levomenthol that may have accounted for the improvement of hepato-renal health in co-exposed rats.

Conclusion
Our result suggests that amelioration of nickel chloride-induced hepato-renal pathology by ethanol extract of Nigella sativa was related to its antioxidant properties. Therefore, Nigella sativa could be valuable in the management of nickel-induced toxicity.
ELAID: detecting integer-Overflow-to-Buffer-Overflow vulnerabilities by light-weight and accurate static analysis
Authors: Xu Lili , Xu Mingjie , Li Feng , Huo Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Integer-Overflow-to-Buffer-Overflow (IO2BO) vulnerability has been widely exploited by attackers to cause severe damages to computer systems. Automatically identifying this kind of vulnerability is critical for software security. Despite many works have been done to mitigate integer overflow, existing tools either report large number of false positives or introduce unacceptable time consumption. To address this problem, in this article we present a static analysis framework. It first constructs an inter-procedural call graph and utilizes taint analysis to accurately identify potential IO2BO vulnerabilities. Then it uses a light-weight method to further filter out false positives. Specifically, it generates constraints representing the conditions under which a potential IO2BO vulnerability can be triggered, and feeds the constraints to SMT solver to decide their satisfiability. We have implemented a prototype system ELAID based on LLVM, and evaluated it on 228 programs of the NIST’s SAMATE Juliet test suite and 14 known IO2BO vulnerabilities in real world. The experiment results show that our system can effectively and efficiently detect all known IO2BO vulnerabilities.
Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on orthopaedic trauma: a multicentre study across Scotland
Authors: MacDonald David R. W. , Neilly David W. , Davies Peter S. E. , Crome Christopher R. , Jamal Bilal , Gill Sarah L. , Jariwala Arpit C. , Stevenson Iain M. , Ashcroft G. Patrick ,   SCORE authors
Published: September 2020

Aims The UK government declared a national lockdown on 23 March 2020 to reduce transmission of COVID-19. This study aims to identify the effect of lockdown on the rates, types, mechanisms, and mortality of musculoskeletal trauma across Scotland. Methods Data for all musculoskeletal trauma requiring operative treatment were collected prospectively from five key orthopaedic units across Scotland during lockdown (23 March 2020 to 28 May 2020). This was compared with data for the same timeframe in 2019 and 2018. Data collected included all cases requiring surgery, injury type, mechanism of injury, and inpatient mortality. Results A total of 1,315 patients received operative treatment from 23 March 2020 to 28 May 2020 compared with 1,791 in 2019 and 1,719 in 2018. The numbers of all injury types decreased, but the relative frequency of hip fractures increased (36.3% in 2020 vs 30.2% in 2019, p < 0.0001 and 30.7% in 2018, p < 0.0001). Significant increases were seen in the proportion of DIY-related injuries (3.1% in 2020 vs 1.7% in 2019, p = 0.012 and 1.6% in 2018, p < 0.005) and injuries caused by falls (65.6% in 2020 vs 62.6% in 2019, p = 0.082 and 61.9% in 2018, p = 0.047). Significant decreases were seen in the proportion of road traffic collisions (2.6% in 2020 vs 5.4% in 2019, p < 0.0001 and 4.2% in 2018, p = 0.016), occupational injuries (1.8% in 2020 vs 3.0% in 2019, p = 0.025 and 2.3% in 2018, p = 0.012) and infections (6.8% in 2020 vs 7.8% in 2019, p = 0.268 and 10.3% in 2018, p < 0.012). Cycling injuries increased (78 in 2020 vs 64 in 2019 vs 42 in 2018). A significant increase in the proportion of self-harm injuries was seen (1.7% in 2020 vs 1.1% in 2019, p = 0.185 and 0.5% in 2018, p < 0.0001). Mortality of trauma patients was significantly higher in 2020 (5.0%) than in 2019 (2.8%, p = 0.002) and 2018 (1.8%, p < 0.0001). Conclusion The UK COVID-19 lockdown has resulted in a marked reduction in musculoskeletal trauma patients undergoing surgery in Scotland. There have been significant changes in types and mechanisms of injury and, concerningly, mortality of trauma patients has risen significantly. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-9:541–548.
Generation of broadband circularly polarized deep-ultraviolet pulses in hollow capillary fibers
Authors: Lekosiotis Athanasios , Belli Federico , Brahms Christian , Travers John C. 
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate an efficient scheme for the generation of broadband, high-energy, circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses in the deep ultraviolet through seeded degenerate four-wave mixing in stretched gas-filled hollow capillary fibers. Pumping and seeding with circularly polarized 35 fs pulses centered at 400 nm and 800 nm, respectively, we generate idler pulses centered at 266 nm with 27 µJ of energy and over 95% spectrally averaged ellipticity. Even higher idler energies and broad spectra (27 nm bandwidth) can be obtained at the cost of reduced ellipticity. Our system can be scaled in average power and used in different spectral regions, including the vacuum ultraviolet.
High performance of a semipolar InGaN laser with a phase-shifted embedded hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) grating
Authors: Zhang Haojun , Cohen Daniel A. , Chan Philip , Wong Matthew S. , Li Panpan , Li Hongjian , Nakamura Shuji , Denbaars Steven P. 
Published: September 2020

Single-frequency blue laser sources are of interest for an increasing number of emerging applications but are still difficult to implement and expensive to fabricate and suffer from poor robustness. Here a novel and universal grating design to realize distributed optical feedback in visible semiconductor laser diodes (LDs) was demonstrated on a semipolar InGaN LD, and its unique effect on the laser performance was investigated. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a low threshold voltage, record-high power output, and ultra-narrow single-mode lasing were simultaneously obtained on the new laser structure with a thinner p-GaN layer and a third-order phase-shifted embedded dielectric grating. Under continuous-wave operation, such 450 nm lasers achieved 35 dB side-mode suppression ratio, less than 2 pm FWHM, and near 400 mW total output power at room temperature.