bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motif dan Makna Berjilbab Mahasiswi Komunikasi Universitas Tadulako Palu
Authors: Kaddi Sitti Murni , Muhaemin Enjang 
Published: June 2020

This research is motivated by the increasing use of the veil among female students. Although basically wearing the hijab is a dress code that is required by Islam for Muslim women, but it is proven that only some of them wear the hijab. This reality shows, besides the syar'i provisions that are obeyed, there seems to be something else that makes some Muslim women feel confident to wear the hijab. This research-based paper aims to find out the motives and meanings of wearing headscarves by the students of Communication Studies at the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu. The study uses qualitative research methods, with in-depth interview techniques, and observation, with the aim of exploring the motives and veiled meanings of the female students. Research uses a phenomenological approach. The results of the study concluded two things. First, the motives of female students wearing headscarves are divided into two, namely the motives of the past and the motives of the future. Motives of the past are encouraged because of encouragement and advice from parents and family, as well as shar'i motifs based on obligations established by Islam. The future motives underlying the female students using veil are divided into the motive of wanting to avoid bad things, wanting to control their behavior, and wanting to be appreciated. Second, related to self-meaning, the students who wear the hijab interpret it as proof of love for God, and as a service to both parents. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi semakin meningkatnya penggunaan jilbab di kalangan mahasiswi. Kendati pada dasarnya menggunakan jilbab merupakan aturan berpakaian yang disyariatkan Islam bagi perempuan muslim, namun terbukti hanya sebagian yang menggunakan jilbab. Realitas ini menunjukkan, selain ketentuan syar’i yang ditaati, sepertinya ada hal lain yang membuat sebagian perempuan muslimah merasa yakin untuk menggunakan jilbab. Tulisan berbasis penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui motif dan makna pemakaian jilbab yang dilakukan para mahasiswi Ilmu Komunikasi FISIP Universitas Tadulako Palu. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan teknik wawancara mendalam, dan observasi, dengan tujuan menggali motif, dan makna berjilbab para mahasiswi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologis. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan dua hal. Pertama, motif mahasiswi memakai jilbab terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu motif masa lalu dan motif masa depan. Motif masa lalu didorong karena dorongan dan nasehat dari orang tua dan keluarga, serta motif syar’i yang didasarkan pada kewajiban yang ditetapkan Islam. Adapun motif masa depan yang mendasari mahasiswi menggunakan jilbab terpilah pada motif ingin menghindari hal-hal buruk, ingin mengontrol tingkah laku, dan ingin dihargai. Kedua, berkaitan dengan makna diri, para mahasiswi pemakai jilbab memaknainya sebagai bukti sayang kepada Allah, dan sebagai bakti kepada kedua orang tua.
Ekstrak Lemak Gracilaria verrucosa sebagai Antibakteri Shigella dysentriae dan Escherichia coli
Authors: Panjaitan Riong Seulina , Simanjuntak Yulia Verawati , Sumantri Sumantri 
Published: June 2020

Makroalga merupakan salah satu sumber daya hayati yang melimpah di perairan Indonesia. Genus Gracilaria merupakan salah satu makroalga merah yang diketahui memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri. Genus ini memiliki ciri thallus agak padat dan keras untuk melekat pada substrat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri lipid/lemak dari Gracilaria verrucosa. Ekstraksi lipid/lemak dilakukan dengan metode Folch yang dimodifikasi menggunakan teknik Soxhlet dengan perbandingan pelarut metanol : kloroform 1:2 (v/v). Identifikasi profil asam lemak menggunakan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Uji aktivitas antibakteri berdasarkan metode disc-diffusion dan penentuan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) menggunakan 5 konsentrasi berbeda yaitu, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% dan 100% (v/v). Bakteri uji yang digunakan adalah Shigella dysentriae dan Escherichia coli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan lipid keseluruhan yang diperoleh sebesar 3,45% (v/v) dengan komposisi fasa kloroform sebesar 1,15% (v/v) dan fasa metanol sebesar 2,30% (v/v). Hasil identifikasi GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa lipid fasa metanol mengandung asam palmitat dan asam oleat. Sedangkan lipid fasa kloroform mengandung asam miristat, asam palmitoleat, asam stearat, asam arakidonat, asam palmitat dan asam oleat. Kedua fasa lipid menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Shigella dysentriae dan Escherichia coli. AbstractMacroalga (seaweed) is one of the abundant marine biological resources from Indonesian Waters. Gracilaria is a type of red macroalgae that has secondary metabolites as an antibacterial agent. Gracilaria has thallus that rather dense and hard to attach to the substrate. The objective of this research was to investigate the antibacterial activity of lipids from Gracilaria verrucosa. Lipids were extracted according to Folch method using Soxhlet technique in which the ratio of methanol : chloroform was 1:2 (v/v). Fatty acid profile was identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by disc-diffusion method using five different concentrations to determinate the minimum inhibitory concentration (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% (v/v)). Shigella dysentriae and Escherichia coli were used as test bacteria. The results showed that total lipid amount was 3.45% with 1.15% (v/v) consisted in chloroform phase and 2.30% (v/v) consisted in methanol phase. GC-MS identification results showed that methanol lipid phase contained palmitic acid and oleic acid, while the chloroform lipid phase had myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, arachidonic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid. Both of lipid phases showed activities against Shigella dysentriae and Escherichia coli.
Systemic Steroid Treatment for Imatinib-Associated Severe Skin Rash in Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Phase II Study
Authors: Kim Eo Jin , Ryu Min-Hee , Park Sook Ryun , Beck Mo Youl , Lee Woo Jin , Lee Mi Woo , Kang Yoon-Koo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
To achieve optimal clinical outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), it is crucial to maintain sufficient dosing of imatinib. Skin rash is a common imatinib-associated adverse event and may affect compliance. This phase II study was conducted to evaluate whether imatinib-associated severe skin rash can be managed with systemic steroids without dose reduction or interruption of imatinib. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03440515.

Patients and Methods
Between 2014 and 2016, 29 patients with imatinib-associated severe skin rash were enrolled. Skin rash of grade 2 with grade ≥2 pruritus or of grade 3 was considered severe. Oral prednisolone was administered 30 mg/day for 3 weeks, then tapered off over 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was treatment success rate (TSR). Treatment success was defined as maintaining imatinib for more than 15 weeks after completion of the steroid administration schedule without skin rash that led to additional steroid treatment or dose reduction or interruption of imatinib.

Results
Of the 29 patients enrolled, 22 patients with skin rash were treated successfully (TSR, 75.8%), 2 (6.9%) were evaluated as treatment failures, and 5 (17.2%) were not evaluable. The 2-year rash-free and imatinib reduction-free interval rate was 67.2% with median follow-up of 22.0 months (range, 0.4–30.3). Recurrence of severe skin rash occurred in seven patients (24.1%). Systemic steroids were well tolerated except in one patient who experienced pneumocystis pneumonia.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that imatinib-associated severe skin rash can be effectively controlled by systemic steroid treatment without interruption or dose reduction of imatinib in patients with GIST.

Implications for Practice
Imatinib has been the standard treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor in both adjuvant and palliative settings. It is crucial to maintain sufficient dosing of imatinib to achieve optimal clinical outcomes. Imatinib commonly causes imatinib-associated skin rash, which may worsen drug compliance. This phase II study demonstrated that systemic steroids could help maintaining the efficacy of imatinib by preventing interruption or dose reduction of imatinib. The present study provides a new administration strategy of systemic steroids and its efficacy and safety data. Thus, this study can be a cornerstone to establish treatment guidelines for imatinib-associated skin rash.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Zihin Haritalarının Belirlenmesi: “Dünya Ve Evren” Öğrenme Alanı
Authors: BOLAT Ahmet , DEĞİRMENCİ Salih 
Published: June 2020

8. sınıf ortaokul öğrencilerinin “Dünya ve Evren” öğrenme alanında yer tüm ortaokul temel kavramlarına yönelik zihin haritalarının belirlendiği bu çalışma , nitel kökenli özel durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma grubunu 2013-2014 eğitim öğretim yılında Çorum İli’ndeki bir ortaokuldaki rasgele seçilen 40 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak kelime ilişkilendirme testi formu kullanılmıştır. Kelime ilişkilendirme testi kesme noktası yoluyla analiz edilmiştir. Analizlerin sonucunda öğrencilerin, Dünya ve Evren öğrenme alanındaki öğrenme düzeylerinin düşük olduğu, üst düzey zihinsel düzeye sahip olmadıkları anlaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda Dünya ve Evren öğrenme alanı konularının öğretiminde öğrencilerin etkin katılımının sağlandığı uygulamalı eğitimlerin yapılması, yeni kavramların da yer aldığı araştırmaların artırılması, eğitim kurumlarında astronomi sınıflarının oluşturulması konusunda öneriler sunulmuştur.
TESTOSTERONE LEVEL IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC MALE PATIENTS
Authors: Mustafa Hemn , Fattah Fattah , Salih Ibrahim 
Published: June 2020

Background
The relationship between diabetes mellitus and testosterone level is a remarkable issue, given the fact that diabetes is rapidly -growing disease, the morbidity is more disabling than the diabetes itself.
Objectives
The aim is to study testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus in age group of 35-55 years.
Patients and Methods
In this study 100 male type 2 diabetic patients in age group of 35-55 years were assessed by testosterone and HbA1c level estimation along with other clinical variables like BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking status and types of medications.
Results
In the current study among those patients with controlled diabetes, 92.1 % had normal testosterone level as compared to 67.7% of those with uncontrolled diabetes, so there is statistically significant relationship between the control status of diabetes and testosterone level, the P-value was 0.003, while the relation of testosterone level with age of patients, BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking status and types of medication were found to be not significant.
Conclusion
Uncontrolled diabetes is associated with lower testosterone level as compared to those with well-controlled status.
VITAMIN D INTOXICATION IN INFANTS WITH VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTS
Authors: Mustafa Awat , Salih Aso 
Published: June 2020

Background
Vitamin D supplementation can lead to a rare condition of vitamin D intoxication in infants develop. Thus, its supplementation had to raise concerns because the frequency of its intoxication is increasing.
Objectives
The aim was to look for frequencies of vitamin D intoxication among infants who had vitamin D supplements in Sulaimani City.
Patients and Methods
A cross-sectional study performed on 65 infants for a period of a month from February 1st to March 1st, 2019. Inclusion criteria were infants with vitamin D supplements for at least six consecutive months and aged between eight months to two years old. The ages and gender of the infants, as well as the level of vitamin D, and the daily amount and route of vitamin D supplements, were recorded. The “IBM SPSS Statistics version 25” was used for the analysis of the data, and a P-value of (≤0.05) was considered significant.
Results
The mean±SD of age was 1.26±0.52 years (range; 8 months to 2 years), and the genders were male (29.2%) and female (70.8%) with a female to male ratio of (2.4:1). Mean±SD vitamin of D3 level (ng/mL) was 37.97 ± 14.64 (range; 6.76 to 78). There were insignificant associations between the levels of vitamin D3 with age, gender of the infants, daily supplement and the route of vitamin supplementation. No infants were found to have vitamin D intoxication.
Conclusion
No infants had vitamin D intoxication, although they were provided with vitamin D supplements.
THE SUCCESS RATE OF VAGINAL BIRTH AFTER CESAREAN SECTION USING VAGINAL BIRTH AFTER CESAREAN SECTION SCORE
Authors: Sidiq Taban , Nasir Sallama 
Published: June 2020

Background
Increasing cesarean section (C/S) rate had been led to the creation of many models for assessing the success of vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) with the aim of reducing C/S.
Objectives
Assessment of VBAC success by VBAC score (Flamm Model); including each of its items, maternal body weight and fetal outcomes.
Patients and Methods
This is a cross-sectional study including 106 pregnant ladies who had history of previous C/S and admitted to Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan/Iraq, during April the 1st, 2018 to April the 1st, 2019. Flamm Model [Maternal age, history of vaginal birth, reasons other than failure to progress for first C/S, cervical effacement, and cervical dilatation] scoring was used for assessment of VBAC success. The body mass index (BMI), mode of delivery, fetal and maternal outcomes were also recorded.
Results
There was significant association of Flamm Model scores with VBAC success rate {P-value “Pearson’s R Correlation (r)” = <0.001 (-0.742)}, i.e., the success rate was higher when the score was high. There were significant association of VBAC success rate with vaginal birth history, cervical effacement, cervical dilatation, fetal health, and BMI {P-value (r) = 0.047 (-0.101), <0.001 (-0.632), 0.001 (-0.329), <0.001 (0.39), and 0.001 (0.271)}, respectively. There were insignificant association between VBAC success rate with maternal age, reasons other than failure to progress for first C/S, and fetal weight {P-value (r) = 0.59 (0.053), 0.126 (0.148), and 0.21 (0.121)}.
Conclusion
Flamm Model is effective way of assessing VBAC and it can be used in our population.
ESOPHAGEAL STRICTURES FOLLOWING ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA REPAIR IN CHILDREN IN SULAIMANI CITY; FREQUENCY AND RESPONSE TO ENDOSCOPIC BALLOON DILATATION
Authors: Hasan Adnan , Marif Mahdi , Sediq Rozhan 
Published: June 2020

Background
Anastomotic stricture is the main complication after surgical repair of esophageal atresia and balloon dilatations remain the treatment of choice for symptomatic esophageal strictures.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of anastomotic stricture and the efficacy and complications of esophageal balloon dilatations for symptomatic anastomotic stricture in children with esophageal atresia treated in our center.
Patients and Methods
The medical records of 28 children operated on for esophageal atresia type C (Gross) over a 6-year period were retrospectively reviewed.
Results
Anastomotic stricture developed in 6 (21.4%) of the patients. They were submitted to 17 dilatation sessions. Stricture resolution occurred after a mean dilatation of 2.83 per patient (range, 1-7). Dilation was successful in 100% of patients. No complications were happened during or after the dilatation sessions.
Conclusions
Anastomotic stricture, secondary to the surgical treatment of esophageal atresia, is a common complication in patients with esophageal atresia. Esophageal dilation with balloon dilators is an effective and very safe procedure in the management of strictures.
A case report of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis due to diclofenac sodium
Authors: Bendi Sreenivasa Rao , Suvvari Tarun Kumar 
Published: June 2020

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe skin reaction most often triggered by particular drugs in most of the cases. A more severe form of the condition is called toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) which involves more than 30% of the skin surface and extensive damage to the mucous membranes. SJS and TEN previously were thought to be separate conditions, but they are now considered part of a disease spectrum. The main drugs which induce SJS were anti-gout drugs, anti-epileptics, analgesics, NSAIDs and antibiotics. Diclofenac which is a NSAID and phenyl acetic acid derivative that rarely causes SJS. Although diclofenac induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome is reported very rare among adults, it shouldn’t be neglected. In this report we mentioned about the Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) which was later developed into TEN due to usage diclofenac sodium, in a 65 years old female patient.
Changes in blood counts, serum lactate dehydrogenase activity and haptoglobin level in malaria infected subjects in Nnewi, Anambra state, Nigeria
Authors: Ibeh Nancy C. , Udeh Enyioma A. , Ajuba Clara I. , Manafa Patrick O. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Malaria is a mosquito-borne public health problem which alters the blood counts, haptoglobin level and serum lactate dehydrogenase (sLDH) activity of the infected individuals. Some of the alterations are associated risk factors in malaria pathology. This study aims at elucidating changes in blood counts, sLDH activity and haptoglobin level in malaria infected subjects seen in a Tertiary Health Institution in Nnewi, as search for associated risk factors in malaria pathology.Methods: This cross sectional study enrolled 270 age matched subjects between 18-65 years. The test group (200) who tested positive to P. falciparium was placed into two groups based on their parasite counts with cut-off of ≥1000 parasites x 109/L. Group one (100) had counts above the cut-off and group two (100) below. The control (70) was aparasitemic. The demographic data were noted and 4mls of blood drawn. 2mls in K3EDTA was for FBC testing using Mythic 22 hematology analyzer, and remaining dispensed into plain tubes was for sLDH assay by kinetic method and haptoglobin by ELISA technique.Results: The HCT, Hb, RBC and Platelet count of test were progressively significantly lowered (p=0.001) compared to control, with an intra-significant difference among the 3 groups (p<0.05), also the parameters were found to have an inverse significant relationship (p=0.001) to the parasite counts. This trend was also seen with haptoglobin while reverse was the case with LDH activity which rather increased significantly (p = 0.000) at opposite direction as parasite density increases.Conclusions: This study show that the degree of intravascular haemolysis is directly influenced by the parasite density, this portends that high endemicity and perennial parasiteamia in the study area could cause chronic anaemia and thrombocytopenia in the population studied.
COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review on legislative and regulatory framework in India for disaster and epidemic
Authors: Sahoo Durgesh Prasad , Alekhya G. , Bhatia Vikas , Parida Swayam Pragyan 
Published: June 2020

Public health legislation plays an important role in the containment of any epidemic or pandemic. During a pandemic, it might be necessary to override the existing laws or (individual) human rights for the containment of the pandemic. The objective of the study is to review the legal framework pertaining to COVID-19 pandemic preparedness in India. This study has been done as an unsystematic narrative review where various legislations were assembled from electronic data base, websites from various legislative and Ministries and discussion with experts. Owing to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus Government of India announced nationwide lockdown on 24th March, 2020. For proper implementation of lockdown measures various legislative laws belonging to different ministries is required. There are two pioneer acts namely The Epidemic disease act of 1897 and The Disaster management act of 2005. Under these two acts the government has laid down various rules and regulations that have to be followed during lockdown. This article describes the need for the law in a crisis like this and various legislations that have been implemented during lockdown.
Respiratory symptoms and associated factors among women exposed to biomass fuel smoke in Sri Lanka: cross sectional study
Authors: Jayaweera Gihani U. , Wimalasekera Savithri W. , Goonewardena Sampatha E. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Biomass fuel smoke is a leading cause of indoor air pollution. It is a known risk factor for respiratory diseases. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and associated factors among women exposed to biomass fuel smoke in Sri Lanka.Methods: Women (n=600) were assessed using questionnaires to determine base line data, cooking fuel use, respiratory symptoms (MRC respiratory symptoms questionnaire) and diagnosed respiratory diseases. Kitchen characteristics were determined by direct observation. Sample frequencies were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine the associations. Results: Majority (64.1%) were biomass fuel users. Their mean age was 47 years ±14 SD. Majority 99.2% were never smokers. Prevalence of cough, phlegm, cough and phlegm, wheeze, breathlessness and diagnosed asthma was 14%, 16%, 9.9%, 22%, 22.3%, and 6.3% respectively. Use of biomass fuel was related to any respiratory symptom (OR=1.9; p<0.05), cough (OR=1.9; p<0.05), phlegm (OR=2.0; p<0.05), cough and phlegm (OR=2.7; p<0.05), wheezing (OR=2.0; p<0.05) and breathlessness (OR=2.0; p<0.05). Use of biomass fuel in an outdoor kitchen was associated with cough (OR=2.8, p<0.05), phlegm (OR=4.6, p<0.05), cough and phlegm (OR=3.1, p<0.05) and breathlessness (OR=2.1, p<0.05). Use of biomass fuel in a kitchen with neither chimney nor windows was associated with phlegm (OR=2.9, p<0.05) and cough and phlegm (OR=3.0, p<0.05).Conclusions: Use of biomass fuel for cooking in an outdoor kitchen and in a kitchen with neither chimney nor windows were positively associated with respiratory symptoms in non-pregnant women exposed to biomass fuel smoke in Sri Lanka.