bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early migration of stemless and stemmed humeral components after total shoulder arthroplasty for osteoarthritis—study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nyring Marc Randall Kristensen , Olsen Bo S. , Yilmaz Müjgan , Petersen Michael M. , Flivik Gunnar , Rasmussen Jeppe V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlenohumeral osteoarthritis can, in the most severe cases, require surgery with insertion of a shoulder arthroplasty. A design with a stem in the humeral bone canal is currently regarded as the standard treatment option in patients who have an intact rotator cuff function, but complications related to the stem including humeral fractures can have devastating consequences. By using a stemless humeral component, stem-related complications can be reduced. The aim of this study is to compare the Comprehensive Nano stemless total shoulder arthroplasty (intervention group) with the Comprehensive stemmed total shoulder arthroplasty (control group).Materials and methodsThis is a randomized controlled trial comparing the stemless and the stemmed total shoulder arthroplasty. All Danish citizens with glenohumeral osteoarthritis indicating a total shoulder arthroplasty referred to the orthopedic department at Copenhagen University Hospital in Herlev/Gentofte will be offered participation. The following exclude from participation: below 18 years of age, cognitive or linguistic impairment, insufficient function of the rotator cuff, poor bone quality, and ASA groups 4–5. A total of 122 patients will be included of which 56 will be part of a radiostereometric analysis (RSA) study of humeral component migration. The primary outcomes are magnitude of migration of the humeral component assessed by RSA and patient-reported outcome by Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder index (WOOS). The secondary outcomes are additional patient-reported outcomes, functional outcome, readmission, complications, revisions, and changes in bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal humerus assessed by duel energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and economy (cost-utility analysis). The patients are examined before the operation and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperative.DiscussionTo our knowledge, RSA has never been used to access migration of a stemmed or a stemless humeral component nor has the stemmed and the stemless humeral component been compared with regard to pain relief and shoulder function in a randomized clinical trial. Today, the two designs are considered equal in the treatment of osteoarthritis. The study will provide surgeons and patients with information about shoulder arthroplasty for osteoarthritis and assist them in decision-making.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT04105478. Registered on 25 September 2019
Spinal cord stimulation for chronic intractable trunk or limb pain: study protocol for a Chinese multicenter randomized withdrawal trial (CITRIP study)
Authors: Lu Yang , Mao Peng , Wang Guihuai , Tao Wei , Xiong Donglin , Ma Ke , Li Rongchun , Feng Dan , Duan Wanru , Li Shun , Fu Zhijian , Feng Zhiying , Jin Yi , Wan Li , Lu Yan , Zhang Daying , Fan Bifa , Wang James Jin , Li Luming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Although effective results of many studies support the use of spinal cord stimulation in chronic pain patients, no randomized controlled trial has been undertaken in China to date. CITRIP is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, withdrawal study designed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of spinal cord stimulation plus remote programming management in patients with intractable trunk or limb pain.

Method
Participants will be recruited in approximately 10 centers across China. Eligible participants with intractable trunk or limb and an average visual analog scale (VAS) score ≥ 5 will undergo a spinal cord stimulation test. Participants with VAS score reduction ≥ 50% could move forward to receive implantation of an implanted pulse generator. In the withdrawal period at 3-month follow-up visit, participants randomized to the experimental group (EG) will undergo continuous stimulation while ceasing the stimulation in the control group (CG). The outcome assessment will occur at baseline and at 1, 3 (pre- and post-randomization), and 6 months. The primary outcome is the difference of maximal VAS score between EG and CG in the withdrawal period compared with baseline before the withdrawal period. Additional outcomes include VAS score change at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups; responder rate (VAS score improving by 50%); achievement rate of a desirable pain state (VAS score ≤ 4); awake times during sleep; Beck Depression Inventory for depression evaluation; short-form 36 for quality of life evaluation; drug usage; and satisfaction rating of the device. Adverse events will be collected. The primary analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle.

Discussion
The CITRIP study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a randomized withdrawal trial of spinal cord stimulation for patients with intractable trunk or limb pain.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03858790. Registered on March 1, 2019, retrospectively registered
Assessing the acoustic behaviour of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) dsxF mutants: implications for vector control
Authors: Su Matthew P. , Georgiades Marcos , Bagi Judit , Kyrou Kyros , Crisanti Andrea , Albert Joerg T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundRelease of gene-drive mutants to suppressAnophelesmosquito reproduction is a promising method of malaria control. However, many scientific, regulatory and ethical questions remain before transgenic mosquitoes can be utilised in the field. At a behavioural level, gene-drive carrying mutants should be at least as sexually attractive as the wildtype populations they compete against, with a key element ofAnophelescopulation being acoustic courtship. We analysed sound emissions and acoustic preference in adoublesexmutant previously used to collapseAnopheles gambiae(s.l.) cages.MethodsAnophelesrely on flight tones produced by the beating of their wings for acoustic mating communication. We assessed the impact of disrupting a female-specific isoform of thedoublesexgene (dsxF) on the wing beat frequency (WBF; measured asflight tone) of males (XY) and females (XX) in homozygousdsxF−mutants (dsxF−/−), heterozygousdsxF−carriers (dsxF+/−) and G3dsxF+controls (dsxF+/+). To exclude non-genetic influences, we controlled for temperature and wing length. We used a phonotaxis assay to test the acoustic preferences of mutant and control mosquitoes.ResultsA previous study showed an altered phenotype only fordsxF−/−females, who appear intersex, suggesting that the female-specificdsxFallele is haplosufficient. We identified significant, dose-dependent increases in the WBF of bothdsxF−/−anddsxF+/−females compared todsxF+/+females. All female WBFs remained significantly lower than male equivalents, though. Males showed stronger phonotactic responses to the WBFs of controldsxF+/+females than to those ofdsxF+/−anddsxF−/−females. We found no evidence of phonotaxis in any female genotype. No male genotypes displayed any deviations from controls.ConclusionsA prerequisite for anopheline copulation is the phonotactic attraction of males towards female flight tones within mating swarms. Reductions in mutant acoustic attractiveness diminish their mating efficiency and thus the efficacy of population control efforts. Caged population assessments may not successfully reproduce natural mating scenarios. We propose to amend existing testing protocols to better reflect competition between mutants and target populations. Our findings confirm thatdsxFdisruption has no effect on males; for some phenotypic traits, such as female WBFs, the effects ofdsxFappear dose-dependent rather than haplosufficient.
Animal based low carbohydrate diet is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Tehranian adults
Authors: Sali Sohrab , Farhadnejad Hossein , Asghari Golaleh , Teymoori Farshad , Mirmiran Parvin , Djazayeri Abolghassem , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
To investigate the association of low carbohydrate diet (LCD) score with the risk of type 2 diabetes among adults.

Methods
This cohort study was conducted on 4356 healthy participants aged ≥ 19 years old, who were followed-up for a mean duration of 3 years within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. LCD score was calculated using a food frequency questionnaire according to intake of carbohydrate, protein, and fat at baseline. Diabetes was defined according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate risk of diabetes across quartiles of LCD score.

Results
Mean ± SD age of the study participants (44.4% men) was 40.5 ± 13.0 years. The median (25–75 interquartile range) of LCD score was 17.0 (12.0–21.0) and after a 3 year follow-up period, 123 (2.8%) incident cases of diabetes were ascertained. After adjustment for confounding variables, including age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, total calorie intake, saturated fatty acid, waist circumference, educational level, and family history of diabetes, the multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of type 2 diabetes, comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles, were 2.16 (1.16–4.04) for total LCD score (P-value = 0.015), 1.81 (1.06–3.11) for animal-based LCD score (P-value = 0.029), and 1.47 (0.85–2.52) for plant-based LCD score (P-value = 0.160).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that a higher adherence to LCD, mostly with higher intakes of protein and fat from animal-source foods, can increase the incidence of diabetes; however, a plant-based low-carbohydrate dietary pattern is not significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes.
Network pharmacology study of Curcuma longa L.: potential target proteins and their functional enrichment analysis
Authors: Kumari Sangeeta , Subramanya Hosahalli S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective
This study’s primary goal is unraveling the mechanism of action of bioactives of Curcuma longa L. at the molecular level using protein–protein interaction network.

Results
We used target proteins to create protein–protein interaction network (PPIN) and identified significant node and edge attributes of PPIN. We identified the cluster of proteins in the PPIN, which were used to identify enriched pathways. We identified closeness centrality and jaccard score as most important node and edge attribute of the PPIN respectively. The enriched pathways of various clusters were overlapped suggesting synergistic mechanism of action. The three pathways found to be common among three clusters were Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor pathway, Endothelin signaling pathway, and Inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathway.
Effects of hydroxyapatite-coated nonwoven polyethylene/polypropylene fabric on non-mesodermal lineage-specific differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells
Authors: Ntege Edward Hosea , Sunami Hiroshi , Denda Junko , Futenma Naoko , Shimizu Yusuke 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective
Compared to other stem cells, the multipotency of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) is limited. Effective approaches that trigger or enhance lineage-specific transdifferentiation are highly envisaged in the improvement of ASCs-based cell therapies. Using Immunofluorescence assays and the secretion of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) protein, we studied the impact of two substrates: Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-coated nonwoven polyethylene (PET)/polypropylene (PP) fabric and glass surfaces, representing 3 dimensional (D) and 2 D environments respectively, on the induction of cardiomyocytes – a non-mesodermal cell type from ASCs for 1–5 weeks.

Results
ASCs were successfully isolated from human adipose tissue under cGMP conditions. Within 1–3 weeks, expression of cTnT in the induced 3D cultures was overall significantly higher (P < 0.021) than that in the induced 2D cultures or controls (P < 0.0009). Remarkably, after 3 weeks of culture, cTnT secretion in the induced 3D cultures gradually declined, nearly reaching levels observed in the 2D cultures. The results show that HAp-coated nonwoven PE/PP fabric could enhance lineage-specific differentiation of ASCs toward cardiac-like cells. However, the fabric might suppress growth of the transformed cells. These preliminary findings encourage further interest in validating the fabric’s potential in improving ASCs transdifferentiation.
An ecological study of the association between environmental indicators and early childhood caries
Authors: Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Tantawi Maha El , Gaffar Balgis , Schroth Robert J. , Catillo Jorge L. , Al-Batayneh Ola B. , Kemoli Arthur , Díaz Aída Carolina Medina , Pavlic Verica , Raswhan Maher , Group for Early Childhood Caries Advocacy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesA prior study described the association between ecosystem vitality, environmental health, and early childhood caries (ECC). The objective of this study was to determine the association between 24 global environmental indicators and ECC in 3–5-year-old children.ResultsIn 61 countries, 55.5% of 3–5-year-old children had ECC. Eight factors had a small effect-size association with ECC: percentage of area that is marine-protected (partial eta squared; ƞ2 = 0.03); species habitat index (ƞ2 = 0.06); percentage of tree-cover loss (ƞ2 = 0.03); regional marine trophic index (ƞ2 = 0.03); total carbon dioxide emission intensity (ƞ2 = 0.03); methane emission intensity (ƞ2 = 0.04); nitrous oxide emission intensity (ƞ2 = 0.06); and sulfur dioxide emission intensity (ƞ2 = 0.03). Regression analysis revealed that two of these factors were significantly associated with the prevalence of ECC: methane emission intensity was inversely associated with ECC prevalence (B = − 0.34, 95% CI = − 0.66, − 0.03; p = 0.03), and nitrous oxide had a direct association with ECC prevalence (B = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.67; p = 0.03).
A review of optical chemical structure recognition tools
Authors: Rajan Kohulan , Brinkhaus Henning Otto , Zielesny Achim , Steinbeck Christoph 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStructural information about chemical compounds is typically conveyed as 2D images of molecular structures in scientific documents. Unfortunately, these depictions are not a machine-readable representation of the molecules. With a backlog of decades of chemical literature in printed form not properly represented in open-access databases, there is a high demand for the translation of graphical molecular depictions into machine-readable formats. This translation process is known as Optical Chemical Structure Recognition (OCSR). Today, we are looking back on nearly three decades of development in this demanding research field. Most OCSR methods follow a rule-based approach where the key step of vectorization of the depiction is followed by the interpretation of vectors and nodes as bonds and atoms. Opposed to that, some of the latest approaches are based on deep neural networks (DNN). This review provides an overview of all methods and tools that have been published in the field of OCSR. Additionally, a small benchmark study was performed with the available open-source OCSR tools in order to examine their performance.
Quantitative evaluation of hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression by positron emission tomography imaging using 18F-FPP-RGD2 in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Hiroyama Shuichi , Rokugawa Takemi , Ito Miwa , Iimori Hitoshi , Morita Ippei , Maeda Hiroki , Fujisawa Kae , Matsunaga Keiko , Shimosegawa Eku , Abe Kohji 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Integrin αvβ3, which are expressed by activated hepatic stellate cells in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), play an important role in the fibrosis. Recently, we reported that an RGD peptide positron emission tomography (PET) probe is useful as a predictor of hepatic fibrosis. Kinetic analysis of the RGD PET probe has been performed in tumours, but not in hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, we aimed to quantify hepatic integrin αvβ3 in a model of NASH by kinetic analysis using 18F-FPP-RGD2, an integrin αvβ3 PET probe.

Methods
18F-FPP-RGD2 PET/CT scans were performed in control and NASH rats. Tissue kinetic analyses were performed using a one-tissue, two-compartment (1T2C) and a two-tissue, three-compartment (2T3C) model using an image-derived input function (IDIF) for the left ventricle. We then conducted correlation analysis between standard uptake values (SUVs) or volume of distribution (VT), evaluated using compartment kinetic analysis and integrin αv or β3 protein expression.

Results
Biochemical and histological evaluation confirmed the development of NASH rats. Integrin αvβ3 protein expression and hepatic SUV were higher in NASH- than normal rats. The hepatic activity of 18F-FPP-RGD2 peaked rapidly after administration and then gradually decreased, whereas left ventricular activity rapidly disappeared. The 2T3C model was found to be preferable for 18F-FPP-RGD2 kinetic analysis in the liver. The VT (IDIF) for 18F-FPP-RGD2, calculated using the 2T3C model, was significantly higher in NASH- than normal rats and correlated strongly with hepatic integrin αv and β3 protein expression. The strengths of these correlations were similar to those between SUV60–90 min and hepatic integrin αv or β3 protein expression.

Conclusions
We have demonstrated that the VT (IDIF) of 18F-FPP-RGD2, calculated using kinetic modelling, positively correlates with integrin αv and β3 protein in the liver of NASH rats. These findings suggest that hepatic VT (IDIF) provides a quantitative assessment of integrin αvβ3 protein in liver.
Anomaly detection for electricity consumption in cloud computing: framework, methods, applications, and challenges
Authors: Feng Longji , Xu Shu , Zhang Linghao , Wu Jing , Zhang Jidong , Chu Chengbo , Wang Zhenyu , Shi Haoyang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDriven by industrial development and the rising population, the upward trend of electricity consumption is not going to curb. While the electricity suppliers make every endeavor to satisfy the needs of consumers, they are facing the plight of indirect losses caused by technical or non-technical factors. Technical losses are usually induced by short circuits, power outage, or grid failures. The non-technical losses result from humans’ improper behaviors, e.g., electricity burglars. Due to the restrictions of the detection methods, the detection rate in the traditional power grid is lousy. To provide better electricity service for the customers and minimize the losses for the providers, a leap in the power grid is occurring, which is referred to as the smart grid. The smart grid is envisioned to increase the detection accuracy to an acceptable level by utilizing modern technologies, such as cloud computing. With the aim of obtaining achievements of anomaly detection for electricity consumption with cloud computing, we firstly introduce the basic definition of anomaly detection for electricity consumption. Next, we conduct the surveys on the proposed framework of anomaly detection for electricity consumption and propose a new framework with cloud computing. This is followed by centralized and decentralized detection methods. Then, the applications of centralized and decentralized detection methods for the anomaly electricity consumption are listed. Finally, the open challenges of the accuracy of detection and anomaly detection for electricity consumption with edge computing are discussed.
On post quantum estimates of upper bounds involving twice $(p,q)$-differentiable preinvex function
Authors: Awan Muhammad Uzair , Talib Sadia , Noor Muhammad Aslam , Chu Yu-Ming , Noor Khalida Inayat 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to derive a new post quantum integral identity using twice$(p,q)$(p,q)-differentiable functions. Using this identity as an auxiliary result, we obtain some new post quantum estimates of upper bounds involving twice$(p,q)$(p,q)-differentiable preinvex functions.
Determinants that influence the performance of women entrepreneurs in micro and small enterprises in Ethiopia
Authors: Alene Endalew Terefe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore determinants that influence women entrepreneurs’ performance in micro and small enterprises in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia, and in turn contribute to entrepreneurship-related literature mainly in developing countries.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed an explanatory research design with agreement of primary data collection via a cross-sectional survey questionnaire followed by quantitative research approach. The sample of this study was 180 women entrepreneurs and selected using random sampling technique.FindingsThe findings of this study revealed that educational level, previous entrepreneurial experience, access to business training, access to finance, access to business information, government support, land ownership, and tax are significant in explaining women entrepreneurs’ performance in one hand. On the other side, however, age, marital status, access to market, and access to physical infrastructure are found to be insignificant variables in determining women entrepreneurs’ performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe study used one time data for determinants like level of education, previous working experience, age, and profitability of the enterprise. Thus, due to frequent change in such variables, the study may not reflect the dynamics of the data, which would have a convincing influence on the conclusion. In addition, the research has only consisted of 180 samples. Moreover, such number may not represent the whole population of the entrepreneurs of Ethiopian MSEs. In future research, it is advisable to expand study factors, use interviews as a research tool, and make a comparison between women and men entrepreneurial performances.Practical implicationsThe paper might serve as an input for officials to consider such determinants and encourage an environment that increases women entrepreneurs’ performance. In addition, the study might help women entrepreneurs in addressing the factors affecting performance to take actions towards improving their performance and in turn contribute to job creation, wealth, innovation, and poverty alleviation.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on the determinants of women entrepreneurs’ performance in micro and small enterprises. Specifically, it tests the impact of educational level, age, marital status, previous entrepreneurial experience, access to business training, access to finance, access to business information, access to market, access to physical infrastructure, government support, land ownership, and tax on the performance of women entrepreneurs.