bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of digitization on real estate sector jobs
Authors: Piazolo Daniel , Dogan Utku Cem 
Published: March 2020

PurposePrevious research on automation and job disruption is only marginally related to the real estate industry and its characteristics. This study investigates the effects of digitization on jobs in German real estate sector, in order to assess the proportion of jobs threatened to be replaced by automation. Since Germany is the largest EU economy insights for the German real estate market allow a first approximation for Europe.Design/methodology/approachAn extensive database of the German Federal Employment Agency containing job definitions and occupation titles is matched with real estate criteria to create a subset with the relevant real estate occupations. This data is combined with a database of the German Institute of Employment Research reflecting to what extent tasks within jobs can be automated by current technical capabilities.FindingsFor the 286 identified occupations within the real estate sector a weighted average of 47 percent substitution probability through current technological capabilities is derived for tasks within the examined occupations.Practical implicationsThis contribution indicates the extent of the structural change the real estate sector has to face due to digitization: One out of two real estate jobs will have to be re-created.Originality/valueThis research quantifies the magnitude of the job killer aspect of digitization in the real estate sector.
Antioxidant activity, extraction and application of psyllium mucilage in chocolate drink
Authors: Souza Gabriela , Siqueira dos Santos Suelen , Bergamasco Rita , Antigo Jessica , Madrona Grasiele Scaramal 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to extract psyllium mucilage and evaluate its antioxidant compounds (in the best extraction condition) and its application in a chocolate drink.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the extraction by ultrasonic bath was evaluated, followed by water bath extraction, and as there was no difference between the methods, a water bath experimental design was carried out to evaluate the best extraction conditions for psyllium mucilage, having response variables, yield and emulsion stability. A chocolate drink with psyllium mucilage was produced and evaluated in the best extraction condition to compare with xanthan gum.FindingsThe best extraction conditions for psyllium mucilage were 60°C for 2 h and 1:80 ratio (seed:water). It can be verified that psyllium is rich in antioxidant compounds (0.71 mg GAE/g and 6.67 Mmol ET/g by 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid-6), and 9.65 Mmol ET/g for ferric reducing antioxidant power), which can greatly contribute to its application in food products. The use of mucilage in chocolate drink is feasible, as among its several attributes there was no significant difference between samples, highlighting texture attributes in which mucilage samples did not differ from the control containing xanthan gum (being the grades approximated 6.84).Originality/valuePsyllium presented several antioxidant compounds that are very desirable in food products. In the chocolate drink, psyllium mucilage showed potential use as a thickener, so it is important for further studies to improve the product’s development, but it is currently feasible to be produced in an industrial scale.
16S rRNA‐based amplicon analysis of changes in the bacterial population in the lesions of papillomatous digital dermatitis in dairy cattle after topical treatment with allyl isothiocyanate
Authors: Gotoh Yasuhiro , Chiba Kanako , Sekiyama Yasushi , Okada Keiji , Hayashi Tetsuya , Misawa Naoaki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPapillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) is a foot disease causing lameness in dairy cattle. It is regarded as a polymicrobial infection, although its etiology is not fully understood. PDD is treated by the topical or systemic administration of antibiotics such as lincomycin (LCM); however, the milk of the cows cannot be marketed during the treatment and withdrawal period due to the residual antibiotics in milk. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), an extract of Wasabia japonica (known as wasabi or Japanese horseradish) widely employed as a food additive, can be used as an alternative antimicrobial agent that overcomes this problem. We previously showed that AITC is as effective as LCM in PDD treatment. Here, using the samples obtained in the previous clinical study, we analyzed changes in the bacterial population in the PDD‐associated microbiota after AITC treatment and compared those with that following LCM treatment by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)‐based amplicon analysis. Both treatments induced major changes in the bacterial population, and Treponema species, which have been regarded as the major causative agents of PDD, were efficiently eliminated by both agents. However, the AITC‐treated samples exhibited higher diversity compared with pretreatment samples, but this trend was not observed for LCM treatment, probably reflecting different antibacterial activities of the two agents. Importantly, this analysis detected population changes before morphological changes in PDD lesions (clinical signs of healing) became evident, indicating that 16S rRNA‐based amplicon analysis represents an efficient strategy for analyzing and monitoring the treatment efficiency of PDD as well as other polymicrobial diseases.
The effect of competition on the control of invading plant pathogens
Authors: Sharp Ryan T. , Shaw Michael W. , van den Bosch Frank 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

New invading pathogen strains must compete with endemic pathogen strains to emerge and spread. As disease control measures are often non‐specific, that is, they do not distinguish between strains, applying control not only affects the invading pathogen strain but the endemic as well. We hypothesize that the control of the invasive strain could be compromised due to the non‐specific nature of the control.

A spatially explicit model, describing the East African cassava mosaic virus‐Uganda strain (EACMV‐UG) outbreak, is used to evaluate methods of controlling both disease incidence and spread of invading pathogen strains in pathosystems with and without an endemic pathogen strain present.

We find that while many newly introduced or intensified control measures (such as resistant cultivars or roguing) decrease the expected incidence, they have the unintended consequence of increasing, or at least not reducing, the speed with which the invasive pathogen spreads geographically. We identify the controls that cause this effect and methods in which these controls may be applied to prevent it.

We found that the spatial spread of the invading strain is chiefly governed by the incidence at the wave front. Control can therefore be applied, or intensified, once the wave front has passed without increasing the pathogen's rate of spread.

When trade of planting material occurs, it is possible that the planting material is already infected. The only forms of control in this study that reduces the speed of geographic spread, regardless of the presence of an endemic strain, are those that reduce the amount of trade and the distance over which trade takes place.

Synthesis and applications. The best control strategy depends on the presence of competing endemic strains. Applying or intensifying the control can slow the rate of spread when absent but increase it if present. Imposing trade restrictions before the epidemic has reached a given area and intensifying other control methods only when the wave front has passed is the most effective way of both slowing down spread and controlling incidence when a competing endemic strain is present and is the safest approach when its presence is unknown.
The impact of terrorism on public debt in African countries
Authors: Abid Mehdi , Sekrafi Habib 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGiven the increase in the number of terrorist attacks in African countries, a better understanding of the relationship between terrorism, the informal economy and public debt is essential for policymakers. The model is empirically tested for 47 countries during the period 1996–2015. We use ordinary least squares (OLS), random effects (ER) and system generalized method of moments (GMM). Three terrorism indicators are used: the uncertain, the domestic, and the transnational. The results confirm that the rise in terrorism and the informal economy lead to an increase in public debt. The results also show that the informal economy magnifies the effect of terrorism on public debt. In addition, the results suggest that a larger informal economy reduces income taxes and therefore increases public debt and the increase in public spending reinforces the effects of terrorism on public debt. The reduction of terrorism should therefore be governments’ primary political objective. Given the detected complementarity between terrorism and the informal economy, the reduction of terrorism would also reduce the size of the informal economy and the public debt. The reduction of terrorism will also minimize the harmful effects of terrorism on public debt through public spending.
A Markov‐switching analysis of Nigeria's business cycles: Are election cycles important?
Authors: Olakojo Solomon Abayomi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe study examines Nigeria's business cycles between October 1998 and October 2017 and ascertains the importance of general elections cycles in engendering cyclical fluctuations in different measures of business cycles.A framework based on political business cycles theory was estimated with a dynamic Markov‐switching regression technique. The study finds that election cycles are adequate in predicting cycles in food prices, non‐farm prices, exports, and imports in Nigeria while a significant effect of election cycles on the stock market, general price level, and exchange rate could not be established. The study concludes that cycles in food, non‐farm prices, imports, and exports can be predicted by future general elections while re‐election seeking behaviour of politicians lacks the power to influence stock market performance and exchange rate in Nigeria. Hence, artificial business cycles that result primarily from politicians manipulating certain fiscal tools targeted at stimulating the economy only to increase the re‐election chances could be minimized if monetary and fiscal institutions are strong, effective, and truly independent. This will ensure that policies are not manipulated between elections by politicians but are well targeted at achieving a set of long‐term developmental goals.
Long‐term survival analysis of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Gaoxiang , Li Xuejiao , Xiong Ran , Wu Hanran , Xu Meiqing , Xie Mingran 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on survival of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed NSCLC patients who had undergone radical lung cancer surgery from January 2011 to December 2014 in the Anhui Medical University affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital. Kaplan‐Meier plots, log‐rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to describe the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the overall survival of patients with NSCLC.ResultsA total of 769 patients with NSCLC were enrolled, including 126 in the diabetic mellitus group and 643 in the nondiabetic mellitus group. The one, three, and five‐year survival for patients with and without diabetes mellitus were 86.1% versus 89.6%, 49.5% versus 62.4%, and 33.3% versus 40.6%, respectively. The Cox model showed that type 2 diabetes mellitus was a poor independent prognostic factors for NSCLC patients. In addition, metformin is a good independent prognostic factor for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer with type 2 diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsNSCLC patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased survival rate compared with those with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Anthropozoic impacts on forest ecosystems: Case of the Zloul Valley (Ribat Al Khair Region, Morocco)
Authors: Benarchid Khalid , Khatori Mohammed , Hilali Said 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOver the second half of the past century, the Zloul Valley has undergone rapid and intense changes, such as deforestation and massive clearing as well as a grazing ban in olive plots since the introduction of olive cultivation approximately 30 years ago. The aim of this study was to explore these rapidly changing ecosystems. The floristic analysis revealed a more pronounced anthropozoic impact on the Chamaerops humilis and Ampelodesmos mauritanicus steppe group, which displayed the lowest floristic diversity, with a Shannon–Weaver index of 3.72, and a very high disturbance, of 68.85%. The grazing ban in olive plots had a positive effect on floristic richness and diversity, with the Shannon–Weaver index reaching a maximum value of 4.67. However, the floristic composition remained unbalanced, with an equitability index of 0.61 and a perturbation index of 70.8%. Therefore, these ecosystems have not been able to recover their initial equilibrium despite being under protection for long. The ecosystems of the Zloul Valley demonstrated alarming levels of degradation, especially on the southern slopes of Jbel Ikraa and Jnab Diss. Urgent measures must be taken to mitigate biodiversity loss and soil erosion as a matter of priority.
I still miss human contact, but this is more flexible—Paradoxes in virtual learning interaction and multidisciplinary collaboration
Authors: Kauppi Suvi , Muukkonen Hanni , Suorsa Teemu , Takala Marjatta 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTeaching and learning in universities have shifted towards online education, and there is not enough scientific knowledge about suitable pedagogical design principles to guide the construction of hybrid learning spaces for today’s university students. In this design‐based research, we studied the benefits and challenges in reaching the expected learning outcomes of an e‐course, “Collaboration and Professional Interaction Skills.” The practical purpose was developing the pedagogical design of this e‐course. The scientific objective was to build on the research about design principles that guide teachers in constructing e‐courses, enabling in‐depth learning in hybrid learning spaces. The pedagogical design was guided by six design principles. Empirical data (21 students’ assignments and reflections, teacher’s observations, data from the digital learning management system) were collected in two research cycles. Students were from different degree programmes of educational sciences. Thematic analysis of students’ individually and collaboratively authored assignments was carried out in both research cycles. The most emphasised benefits and challenges concerned the combination of working and creating knowledge together, virtually, in a multidisciplinary group. Based on the results, practical recommendations were made for university‐level pedagogical designs that facilitate effective and active collaboration and interaction, and learning of such competence.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic:

In higher education, more emphasis needs to be placed on learning skills such as multidisciplinary teamwork and collaborative knowledge creation.
There is a need for more personalised learning opportunities that offer flexibility in one’s studies and take learners’ diverse situations into account.
Advanced understanding of suitable pedagogical design principles and knowledge from empirical cases is needed.
What this paper adds:

What to consider when technology is used to mediate the learning processes.
How to tackle the demands of personalised study opportunities and demanding interaction skills by online collaboration.
Implications for practice and/or policy:

Pedagogical design exemplifying how students build shared knowledge objects iteratively.
Students need guidelines and support for multidisciplinary collaboration and interaction online.
Learning management systems are not fully tailored for iterative multidisciplinary collaboration; thus, the designer of the course must be aware of the limitations and develop ways of overcoming the discrepancies between the learning management system and learning objectives.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of 2CdA (cladribine) in extra‐pulmonary adult‐onset Langerhans cell histiocytosis: analysis of 23 cases from the French Histiocytosis Group and systematic literature review
Authors: Néel Antoine , Artifoni Mathieu , Fontenoy Anne‐Maelle , Tessoulin Benoit , Lorillon Gwenaël , Cohen‐Aubart Fleur , Haroche Julien , Genereau Thierry , de Menthon Mathilde , Guillevin Loïc , Maillard Hélène , Kahn Jean‐Emmanuel , Hermine Olivier , Araujo Carla , Dromer Claire , Jullien Denis , Hamidou Mohamed , Donadieu Jean , Tazi Abdellatif 
Published: March 2020

SummaryLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare protean disease that usually affects children. Few data are available for management of adult‐onset cases. A complete picture of the efficacy and safety of 2CdA (2‐chlorodeoxyadenosine, cladribine) is lacking. We report a retrospective multicentre study of 23 adult LCH (a‐LCH) patients who received single‐agent 2CdA and a systematic literature review. All had previously received systemic therapy (vinblastine, n = 19). Response to 2CdA was evaluable in 22 cases. Overall response rate (ORR) was 91%. Complete response (CR) occurred in 11 cases (50%). Nine patients (39%) developed grade 3–4 neutropenia and/or severe infection. A literature review yielded 48 additional cases. A pooled analysis confirmed our findings (ORR: 88%, CR: 49%). CRs were rare with cumulative dose <50 mg/m2. Disease progression rates were 20% and 30% at two and five years, respectively. Partial response (PR) to 2CdA was predictive of disease progression. Among eight re‐treated patients, five went into CR, two in PR, and one died. Single‐agent 2CdA is effective in reactivated a‐LCH, including at intermediate doses. Toxicity, significant but acceptable, warrants infectious prophylaxis. Complete responders may enter prolonged remission. Further studies are needed to determine 2CdA sequencing with other agents (vinblastine, cytarabine).
Correction of Bcl‐x splicing improves responses to imatinib in chronic myeloid leukaemia cells and mouse models
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Yan , Li Shu‐Qi , Fang Le , Wang Xiao‐Zhong , Li Jing , Zhang Hai‐Bin , Huang Bo , Xu Yan‐Mei , Yang Wei‐Ming , Lin Jin , Min Qing‐Hua , Liao Zhi‐Hua , Wu Yan , Liu Jing 
Published: March 2020

SummaryImatinib mesylate (IM) resistance has become a major clinical problem for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). It is known that Bcl‐x splicing is deregulated and is involved in multiple malignant cancer initiation and chemotherapy resistance, including CML. The aim of the present study was to correct the abnormal splicing of Bcl‐x in CML and investigate the subsequent malignant phenotype changes, especially response to IM. The aberrant Bcl‐x splicing in CML cells was effectively restored using vivo‐Morpholino Antisense Oligomer (vMO). CCK‐8 cell viability assay and flow cytometry showed that restoring of Bcl‐x splicing increases IM‐induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of K562 cells. Moreover, a more significant similar phenomenon was observed in imatinib‐resistant CML cell lines K562/G01. Finally, establishment of CML xenograft model had also proved that correcting Bcl‐x splicing in vivo can also enhance the anti‐tumor effect of IM. Our findings suggest that vMO co‐operating with IM can effectively increase the sensitivity of CML cells to IM both in vitro and in vivo, and Bcl‐x splicing could become good candidates for chemotherapy‐sensitized target in IM‐resistant CML.
Public administration in the cross‐hairs of evidence‐based policy and authentic engagement: School closures in Ontario
Authors: Johns Carolyn , MacLellan Duncan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEducation policy affects communities across Canada. Changes in demographics, enrolment patterns, and pressures on education budgets have put school closures on the political agenda in many provinces. Implementing these policies is increasingly contested and conflict‐ridden. Public administrators are at the cross‐hairs of implementing evidence‐based policies, based on authentic stakeholder input and engagement. This article examines two cases of school closure policy implementation in Ontario to illustrate the tension between these two important dimensions of public administration and challenges that must be overcome in this and other policy areas where evidence and engagement are increasingly important.
Better support for children with additional health and developmental needs in school settings: Perspectives of education experts
Authors: Garvey William , O'Connor Meredith , Quach Jon , Goldfeld Sharon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimMany children start school with additional health and developmental needs (AHDN), yet how best to support these children for optimal outcomes in the school setting is a complex challenge. This study aims to determine the views of education experts on what differentiates the most effective primary schools.MethodsQualitative interviews were conducted with nine senior leaders across the education system responsible for managing or improving practice across a range of schools or school regions in Victoria. Using a positive deviance approach, which investigates strategies already implemented in organizations achieving desired outcomes, the semi‐structured interviews aimed to elicit instances of perceived good practice that already exists within the school system. Interviews were analysed using inductive content analysis.ResultsAll education experts reported high variability across schools and suggested a number of factors differentiating those that were most effective at supporting children with AHDN. They included the presence of strong teacher support by the school leadership team; explicit and documented processes to guide the practice of teachers and ensure consistency at a whole school level; inclusive relationships and environments; participation and knowledge sharing between medical, allied health and other stakeholders in the care team; and an evidenced‐based approach to allocating resources to programmes and strategies.ConclusionThis exploration of instances of good practice can generate novel insights into a complex problem. Current findings suggest a number of potential opportunities for enhancing practice that can be tested in future research. Improving outcomes for this vulnerable and significant group of children will require collaboration across health and education.