bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case study of the coconut crab Birgus latro on Zanzibar highlights global threats and conservation solutions
Authors: Caro Tim , Hamad Haji , Rashid Rashid Suleiman , Kloiber Ulrike , Morgan Victoria M. , Nokelainen Ossi , Caro Barnabas , Pretelli Ilaria , Cumberlidge Neil , Borgerhoff Mulder Monique 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The coconut crab Birgus latro, the largest terrestrial decapod, is under threat in most parts of its geographical range. Its life cycle involves two biomes (restricted terrestrial habitats near the coast, and salt water currents of the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans). Its dependence on coastal habitat means it is highly vulnerable to the habitat destruction that typically accompanies human population expansion along coastlines. Additionally, it has a slow reproductive rate and can reach large adult body sizes that, together with its slow movement when on land, make it highly susceptible to overharvesting. We studied the distribution and population changes of coconut crabs at 15 island sites in coastal Tanzania on the western edge of the species' geographical range. Our aim was to provide the data required for reassessment of the extinction risk status of this species, which, despite indications of sharp declines in many places, is currently categorized on the IUCN Red List as Data Deficient. Pemba Island, Zanzibar, in Tanzania, is an important refuge for B. latro but subpopulations are fragmented and exploited by children and fishers. We discovered that larger subpopulations are found in the presence of crops and farther away from people, whereas the largest adult coconut crabs are found on more remote island reserves and where crabs are not exploited. Remoteness and protection still offer hope for this species but there are also opportunities for protection through local communities capitalizing on tourist revenue, a conservation solution that could be applied more generally across the species' range.
Evidence for an interrelated cluster of Hallucinatory experiences in the general population: an incidence study
Authors: Moriyama Tais S. , Drukker Marjan , Guloksuz Sinan , ten Have Magreet , de Graaf Ron , van Dorsselaer Saskia , Gunther Nicole , Bak Maarten , van Os Jim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough hallucinations have been studied in terms of prevalence and its associations with psychopathology and functional impairment, very little is known about sensory modalities other than auditory (i.e. haptic, visual and olfactory), as well the incidence of hallucinations, factors predicting incidence and subsequent course.MethodsWe examined the incidence, course and risk factors of hallucinatory experiences across different modalities in two unique prospective general population cohorts in the same country using similar methodology and with three interview waves, one over the period 1996–1999 (NEMESIS) and one over the period 2007–2015 (NEMESIS-2).ResultsIn NEMESIS-2, the yearly incidence of self-reported visual hallucinations was highest (0.33%), followed by haptic hallucinations (0.31%), auditory hallucinations (0.26%) and olfactory hallucinations (0.23%). Rates in NEMESIS-1 were similar (respectively: 0.35%, 0.26%, 0.23%, 0.22%). The incidence of clinician-confirmed hallucinations was approximately 60% of the self-reported rate. The persistence rate of incident hallucinations was around 20–30%, increasing to 40–50% for prevalent hallucinations. Incident hallucinations in one modality were very strongly associated with occurrence in another modality (median OR = 59) and all modalities were strongly associated with delusional ideation (median OR = 21). Modalities were approximately equally strongly associated with the presence of any mental disorder (median OR = 4), functioning, indicators of help-seeking and established environmental risk factors for psychotic disorder.ConclusionsHallucinations across different modalities are a clinically relevant feature of non-psychotic disorders and need to be studied in relation to each other and in relation to delusional ideation, as all appear to have a common underlying mechanism.
Hot and cold cognitive disturbances in antidepressant-free patients with major depressive disorder: a NeuroPharm study
Authors: Dam V. H. , Stenbæk D. S. , Köhler-Forsberg K. , Ip C. , Ozenne B. , Sahakian B. J. , Knudsen G. M. , Jørgensen M. B. , Frokjaer V. G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCognitive disturbances are common and disabling features of major depressive disorder (MDD). Previous studies provide limited insight into the co-occurrence of hot (emotion-dependent) and cold (emotion-independent) cognitive disturbances in MDD. Therefore, we here map both hot and cold cognition in depressed patients compared to healthy individuals.MethodsWe collected neuropsychological data from 92 antidepressant-free MDD patients and 103 healthy controls. All participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery assessing hot cognition including emotion processing, affective verbal memory and social cognition as well as cold cognition including verbal and working memory and reaction time.ResultsThe depressed patients showed small to moderate negative affective biases on emotion processing outcomes, moderate increases in ratings of guilt and shame and moderate deficits in verbal and working memory as well as moderately slowed reaction time compared to healthy controls. We observed no correlations between individual cognitive tasks and depression severity in the depressed patients. Lastly, an exploratory cluster analysis suggested the presence of three cognitive profiles in MDD: one characterised predominantly by disturbed hot cognitive functions, one characterised predominantly by disturbed cold cognitive functions and one characterised by global impairment across all cognitive domains. Notably, the three cognitive profiles differed in depression severity.ConclusionWe identified a pattern of small to moderate disturbances in both hot and cold cognition in MDD. While none of the individual cognitive outcomes mapped onto depression severity, cognitive profile clusters did. Overall cognition-based stratification tools may be useful in precision medicine approaches to MDD.
What's it worth? Value and valuation of late-life creativity
Authors: Gallistl Vera 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNew interest in late-life creativity has arisen in gerontology. To date, such research has mainly focused on the positive impact creativity has on older adults, but has scarcely contextualised older adults’ creative engagement. Drawing on the sociology of valuation, this article aims to contextualise late-life creativity by critically exploring how creativity gains, stabilises and loses its value and how these processes are related to perceptions, images and discourses addressing old age. Data from 13 interviews with older (60+) adults involved in creative practices in Austria are used to explore these topics. Interviews examined perceptions of creative production, everyday routines and personal attitudes towards ageing. Interviews transcripts were analysed using the documentary method. The analysis revealed three registers of valuation in late-life creativity: economic value, in which valuable creativity was given away at a high revenue; field value, where valuable creativity was appreciated by institutions or other artists in the field; and lifecourse value, in which doing a creative activity for a long time meant being able to produce a creative product that was high in value. This article emphasises late-life creativity as a process of value production that is structured by the making and evaluating of creative products and adds to the current critique that the narrow view of late-life creativity in its associations with wellbeing present a reductionist picture of the capacities that the arts and creativity have for older adults. The results demonstrate the potential for valuation studies in gerontology as they highlight the circumstances and practices by which the activities of older adults are (de)valued. For policy and practice, this article suggests imagining arts-based interventions for older adults beyond the realm of health and wellbeing, and encourages thinking about how valuable artistic experiences can be supported in later life.
PROMOTING GRAMMATICAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH CAPTIONS AND TEXTUAL ENHANCEMENT IN MULTIMODAL INPUT-BASED TASKS
Authors: Lee Minjin , Révész Andrea 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study assessed the extent to which captions, textually unenhanced and enhanced, can draw learners’ attention to and promote the acquisition of a second language (L2) grammatical construction. A pretest–posttest–delayed posttest experimental design was employed. Seventy-two Korean learners of English were randomly assigned to an enhanced captions group, an unenhanced captions group, and a no captions group. Each group completed a series of treatment tasks, during which they watched news clips under their respective captioning condition. The target L2 construction was the use of the present perfect versus the past simple in reporting news. For the enhanced captions group, the present perfect and past simple forms were typographically enhanced using a different color. Eye-movement indices were obtained to examine attentional allocation during the treatment, and oral and written productive tests and a fill-in-the-blank test were used to assess participants’ gains. A series of mixed-effects models found both captioning and textual enhancement effective in drawing learners’ attention to and facilitating development in the use of the target construction. In addition, positive links were identified between attention to captions and learners’ gains.
Meat Eating and Moral Responsibility: Exploring the Moral Distinctions between Meat Eaters and Puppy Torturers
Authors: Abbate C. E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn his influential article on the ethics of eating animals, Alastair Norcross argues that consumers of factory raised meat and puppy torturers are equally condemnable because both knowingly cause serious harm to sentient creatures just for trivial pleasures. Against this claim, I argue that those who buy and consume factory raised meat, even those who do so knowing that they cause harm, have a partial excuse for their wrongdoings. Meat eaters act undersocial duress, which causesvolitional impairment, and they often act from deeply ingrained habits, which causes epistemic impairment. But puppy torturers act against cultural norms and habits, consciously choosing to perform wrongful acts. Consequently, the average consumer of factory raised meat has, while puppy torturers lack, acultural excuse. But although consumers of factory raised meat aren't blameworthy, they are partially morally responsible for their harmful behavior – and for this, they should feel regret, remorse, and shame.
A cognitive behavioural group therapy for bipolar disorder using daily mood monitoring
Authors: Henken H.T. , Kupka R.W. , Draisma S. , Lobbestael J. , van den Berg K. , Demacker S.M.A. , Regeer E.J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and aim:This study investigated the effects of group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for patients with bipolar disorder. The development of CBT for this disorder is relatively under-explored.Method:Participants with bipolar I or II disorder were treated with group CBT in addition to treatment as usual. The effectiveness of the protocol was explored through sequence analysis of daily mood monitoring prior to, during and after the intervention. Also, a repeated measures design was used assessing symptomatology, dysfunctional attitudes, sense of mastery, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life at start and end of intervention, and at follow-up 2 and 12 months later.Results:The results indicate that variation in mood states diminished over the course of the intervention. Also, there was a change from depressive states to more euthymic states. Greater number of reported lifetime depressive episodes was associated with greater diversity of mood states. There was an increase in overall psychosocial functioning and self-reported psychological health following the intervention. Improvement continued after treatment ended until follow-up at 2 months, and measured 1 year later, for outcomes representing depression, general psychosocial functioning and self-reported psychological health. Due to small sample size and the lack of a control group the results are preliminary.Conclusions:The results of this pilot study suggest that both offering CBT in group interventions and sequence analysis of time series data are helpful routes to further explore when improving standard CBT interventions for patients suffering from bipolar disorder.
Do Existing Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms Use a Sufficient Number of Operators? An Empirical Investigation for Water Distribution Design Problems
Authors: Wang Peng , Zecchin Aaron C. , Maier Holger R. , Zheng Feifei , Newman Jeffrey P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMultiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have been used extensively to solve water resources problems. Their success is dependent on how well the operators that control an algorithm's search behavior are able to identify near‐optimal solutions. As commonly used MOEAs contain a relatively small number of operators (generally between 2 and 7), this study investigates whether the performance of MOEAs could potentially be improved by increasing their operator set size. This is done via a series of controlled computational experiments isolating the influence of the size of the operator set (i.e., how many operators are used, ranging from 2 to 12), the composition of the operator set (i.e., which operators are used, given a set number of operators), the search strategy used (e.g., parent selection and survivor selection), and increasing the operator set size of an existing MOEA. These experiments are performed on six benchmark water distribution optimization problems. Results of the 3,150 optimization runs indicate that operator set size is the dominant factor affecting algorithm performance, having a significantly greater influence than operator set composition and other factors affecting algorithm search behavior. In addition, increasing the operator set size of the state‐of‐the‐art MOEA GALAXY, which has been designed specifically for solving water distribution optimization problems, from its currently used value of 6 to 12 increased its performance significantly. These results suggest there is value in investigating the potential of increasing operator set size for a range of algorithms and problem types.
The interdependence of mammary-specific super-enhancers and their native promoters facilitates gene activation during pregnancy
Authors: Zeng Xianke , Lee Hye Kyung , Wang Chaochen , Achikeh Precious , Liu Chengyu , Hennighausen Lothar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLineage-specific genetic programs rely on cell-restricted super-enhancers, which are platforms for high-density transcription factor occupation. It is not known whether super-enhancers synergize specifically with their native promoters or provide autonomous and independent regulatory platforms. Here, we investigated the ability of the mammary Wap super-enhancer to activate the promoter of the juxtaposed and ubiquitously expressed Tbrg4 gene in the mouse mammary gland. The Wap super-enhancer was fused, alone or in combination with the Wap promoter, to the Tbrg4 gene. While the super-enhancer increased the expression of the Tbrg4 promoter five-fold, the combination of the super-enhancer and promoter resulted in 80-fold gene upregulation, demonstrating lineage-specific promoter–enhancer synergy. Employing ChIP-seq profiling to determine transcription factor binding and identify activating histone marks, we uncovered a chromatin platform that enables the high-level expression of the native promoter–enhancer but not the heterologous promoter. Taken together, our data reveal that lineage-specific enhancer–promoter synergy is critical for mammary gene regulation during pregnancy and lactation.
Profiling of subcellular EGFR interactome reveals hnRNP A3 modulates nuclear EGFR localization
Authors: Wang Tong-Hong , Wu Chih-Ching , Huang Kuo-Yen , Chuang Wen-Yu , Hsueh Chuen , Li Hsin-Jung , Chen Chi-Yuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aberrant subcellular translocation and distribution of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) represent a major yet currently underappreciated cancer development mechanism in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we investigated the subcellular interactome of EGFR by using a spectral counting-based approach combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to understand the associated protein networks involved in the tumorigenesis of NSCLC. A total of 54, 77, and 63 EGFR-interacting proteins were identified specifically in the cytosolic, mitochondrial, and nuclear fractions from a NSCLC cell line, respectively. Pathway analyses of these proteins using the KEGG database shown that the EGFR-interacting proteins of the cytosol and nucleus are involved in the ribosome and spliceosome pathways, respectively, while those of the mitochondria are involved in metabolizing propanoate, fatty acid, valine, leucine, and isoleucine. A selected nuclear EGFR-interacting protein, hnRNP A3, was found to modulate the accumulation of nuclear EGFR. Downregulation of hnRNP A3 reduced the nuclear accumulation of EGFR, and this was accompanied by reduced tumor growth ability in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that variations in the subcellular translocation and distribution of EGFR within NSCLC cells could affect tumor progression.
Lgr5+ telocytes are a signaling source at the intestinal villus tip
Authors: Bahar Halpern Keren , Massalha Hassan , Zwick Rachel K. , Moor Andreas E. , Castillo-Azofeifa David , Rozenberg Milena , Farack Lydia , Egozi Adi , Miller Dan R. , Averbukh Inna , Harnik Yotam , Weinberg-Corem Noa , de Sauvage Frederic J. , Amit Ido , Klein Ophir D. , Shoshkes-Carmel Michal , Itzkovitz Shalev 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe intestinal epithelium is a structured organ composed of crypts harboring Lgr5+ stem cells, and villi harboring differentiated cells. Spatial transcriptomics have demonstrated profound zonation of epithelial gene expression along the villus axis, but the mechanisms shaping this spatial variability are unknown. Here, we combine laser capture micro-dissection and single cell RNA sequencing to uncover spatially zonated populations of mesenchymal cells along the crypt-villus axis. These include villus tip telocytes (VTTs) that express Lgr5, a gene previously considered a specific crypt epithelial stem cell marker. VTTs are elongated cells that line the villus tip epithelium and signal through Bmp morphogens and the non-canonical Wnt5a ligand. Their ablation is associated with perturbed zonation of enterocyte genes induced at the villus tip. Our study provides a spatially-resolved cell atlas of the small intestinal stroma and exposes Lgr5+ villus tip telocytes as regulators of the epithelial spatial expression programs along the villus axis.
A non-anhydrous, minimally basic protocol for the simplification of nucleophilic 18F-fluorination chemistry
Authors: Inkster J. A. H. , Akurathi V. , Sromek A. W. , Chen Y. , Neumeyer J. L. , Packard A. B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFluorine-18 radiolabeling typically includes several conserved steps including elution of the [18F]fluoride from an anion exchange cartridge with a basic solution of K2CO3or KHCO3and Kryptofix 2.2.2. in mixture of acetonitrile and water followed by rigorous azeotropic drying to remove the water. In this work we describe an alternative “non-anhydrous, minimally basic” (“NAMB”) technique that simplifies the process and avoids the basic conditions that can sometimes limit the scope and efficiency of [18F]fluoride incorporation chemistry. In this approach, [18F]F−is eluted from small (10–12 mg) anion-exchange cartridges with solutions of tetraethylammonium bicarbonate, perchlorate or tosylate in polar aprotic solvents containing 10–50% water. After dilution with additional aprotic solvent, these solutions are useddirectlyin nucleophilic aromatic and aliphatic18F-fluorination reactions, obviating the need for azeotropic drying. Perchlorate and tosylate are minimally basic anions that are nevertheless suitable for removal of [18F]F-from the anion-exchange cartridge. As proof-of-principle, “NAMB” chemistry was utilized for the synthesis of the dopamine D2/D3antagonist [18F]fallypride.
Risk factors and pathological characteristics for intraductal tumor spread of submucosal gland in early esophageal squamous cell neoplasia
Authors: Wang Wen-Lun , Chang I-Wei , Hsu Ming-Hung , Chen Tzu-Haw , Tseng Chao-Ming , Tseng Cheng-Hao , Tai Chi-Ming , Wang Hsiu-Po , Lee Ching-Tai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe esophageal gland duct may serve as a pathway for the spread of early esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN) to a deeper layer. Deep intraductal tumor spreading cannot be completely eradicated by ablation therapy. However, the risk factors of ductal involvement (DI) in patients with ESCNs have yet to be investigated. We consecutively enrolled 160 early ESCNs, which were treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection. The resected specimens were reviewed for the number, morphology, resected margin, distribution and extension level of DI, which were then correlated to clinical factors. A total of 317 DIs (median:3, range 1–40 per-lesion) in 61 lesions (38.1%) were identified. Of these lesions, 14 have DIs maximally extended to the level of lamina propria mucosa, 17 to muscularis mucosae, and 30 to the submucosa. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tumors located in the upper esophagus (OR = 2.93, 95% CI, 1.02–8.42), large tumor circumferential extension (OR = 5.39, 95% CI, 1.06–27.47), deep tumor invasion depth (OR = 4.12, 95% CI, 1.81–9.33) and numerous Lugol-voiding lesions in background esophageal mucosa (OR = 2.65, 95% CI, 1.10–6.37) were risk factors for DI. The maximally extended level of ducts involved were significantly correlated with the cancer invasion depth (P < 0.05). Notably, 245 (77%) of the involved ducts were located at the central-trisection of the lesions, and 52% of them (165/317) revealed dilatation of esophageal glandular ducts. Five (1.6%) of the involved ducts revealed cancer cell invasion through the glandular structures. In conclusion, DI is not uncommon in early ESCN and may be a major limitation of endoscopic ablation therapy.
The complexity of clinically-normal sinus-rhythm ECGs is decreased in equine athletes with a diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Alexeenko Vadim , Fraser James A. , Bowen Mark , Huang Christopher L.-H. , Marr Celia M. , Jeevaratnam Kamalan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEquine athletes have a pattern of exercise which is analogous to human athletes and the cardiovascular risks in both species are similar. Both species have a propensity for atrial fibrillation (AF), which is challenging to detect by ECG analysis when in paroxysmal form. We hypothesised that the proarrhythmic background present between fibrillation episodes in paroxysmal AF (PAF) might be detectable by complexity analysis of apparently normal sinus-rhythm ECGs. In this retrospective study ECG recordings were obtained during routine clinical work from 82 healthy horses and from 10 horses with a diagnosis of PAF. Artefact-free 60-second strips of normal sinus-rhythm ECGs were converted to binary strings using threshold crossing, beat detection and a novel feature detection parsing algorithm. Complexity of the resulting binary strings was calculated using Lempel-Ziv (‘76 & ‘78) and Titchener complexity estimators. Dependence of Lempel-Ziv ‘76 and Titchener T-complexity on the heart rate in ECG strips obtained at low heart rates (25–60 bpm) and processed by the feature detection method was found to be significantly different in control animals and those diagnosed with PAF. This allows identification of horses with PAF from sinus-rhythm ECGs with high accuracy.