bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new species of Eogruidae (Aves: Gruiformes) from the Miocene of the Linxia Basin, Gansu, China: Evolutionary and climatic implications
Authors: Musser Grace , Li Zhiheng , Clarke Julia A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite having one of the most robust fossil records within core-gruiform birds (rails, cranes, and allies), the biogeographic history of Gruidae (cranes) and key drivers of diversification within this group remain largely unknown. The Eogruidae of Eurasia represent some of the earliest known crane-like fossils. Here, we present description of a new species represented by a well-preserved specimen of a foot from the late Miocene (7–6.5 mya) Liushu Formation of Linxia Basin, Gansu, China. It is the only eogruid fossil that has been found in this formation and is the first eogruid known from northwest China. Linxia Basin is located along the margin of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, which allows for new insight into Miocene dispersal of the Eogruidae and potential climatological and geological connections. It is also the first specimen with an associated tarsometatarsus and nearly complete phalanges, including a claw, which provides further morphological information on this taxon. Referral of the new specimen to Eogruidae is based on extreme reduction of the trochlea of metatarsal II, which is most similar to the condition present in the eogruid subclade traditionally termed Ergilornithidae.
The Western Jihadi Subculture and Subterranean Values
Authors: Cottee Simon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article draws on the criminological work of Gresham Sykes and David Matza as a starting point for theorizing the nature and appeal of the western jihadi subculture, defined here as a hybrid and heavily digitized global imaginary that extols and justifies violent jihad as a way of life and being. It suggests that at the centre of this subculture are three focal concerns: (1) Violence and Machismo; (2) Death and Martyrdom; and (3) Disdain of the Dunya. More critically, it argues that these three focal concerns have immediate counterparts in the shadow values of the wider society with which western jihadists are in contention. This argument has important implications for debates over radicalization and the attractions of jihadist activism.
Building inclusive community activism and accountable relations through an intersecting inequalities approach
Authors: Shaw Jackie , Howard Jo , Franco Erika López 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCommunity development interventions can generate collective identities, foster community activism and build more accountable relations between marginalized groups and duty-bearers 1. Yet, our previous research shows meaningful inclusion of the most disadvantaged groups is not sustainable unless the intersecting inequalities at the root of poverty and marginalization are understood and addressed. This article draws on participatory action research (PAR) processes conducted between 2016 and 2017 in Egypt, Ghana, India, South Africa and Uganda, which worked through local partners to engage directly with groups affected by deep inequalities and unaccountable dynamics. Collaboratively, we explored how intersecting inequalities play out in people’s everyday lives to drive poverty and marginalization and the elements necessary for participatory processes to catalyze community activism and build pathways towards accountability. In this article, we operationalize the concept of intersecting inequalities, in order to understand the complexity of ‘community’ in different contexts and the contribution of this approach to inclusive community development. Finally, we draw lessons about how to navigate the intrinsic tensions between recognizing difference and building community activism for accountability.
Dose-specific Effectiveness of 7- and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Against Vaccine-serotype Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization in Children
Authors: Lewnard Joseph A , Givon-Lavi Noga , Dagan Ron 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Reduced-dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) schedules are under consideration in countries where children are recommended to receive 3 doses. Whereas PCV-derived protection against vaccine-serotype colonization is responsible for herd effects of vaccination, dose-specific PCV effectiveness against colonization endpoints is not known. We aimed to assess the performance of differing PCV schedules against vaccine-serotype colonization in children.

Methods
From 2009–2016, we monitored pneumococcal carriage in southern Israel, where children should receive PCV at ages 2 months, 4 months, and 12 months (2 primary [p] +1 booster [b] schedule). We analyzed nasopharyngeal swabs and vaccination histories from 5928 children aged 0–59 months without symptoms of diseases potentially attributable to pneumococci. Matching individuals on age, sex, ethnicity, visit timing, and recent antibiotic receipt, we measured schedule-specific 7-valent PCV (PCV7) and 13-valent PCV (PCV13) effectiveness against vaccine-serotype colonization in a modified case-control framework. We sampled from the distribution of all possible case-control match assignments for statistical analyses.

Results
Receiving 2 primary-series PCV13 doses conferred 53% (95% confidence interval [CI], 32–67%) protection against PCV13-serotype colonization at ages ≤12 months; 1 primary-series dose was not protective. A 2p+1b PCV13 series conferred 40% (95% CI, 4–67%) and 62% (95% CI, 33–83%) protection against PCV13-serotype colonization at ages 13–24 months and 25–59 months, respectively. Estimates suggested greater PCV13-conferred protection against PCV7-targeted serotypes than the 6 PCV13-only serotypes. As compared to children receiving 2p+1b PCV13 dosing, those receiving 1p+1b and 2p+0b schedules experienced 2.05-fold (95% CI, 1.12–5.00) and 3.33-fold (95% CI, 2.28–4.93) greater odds, respectively, of vaccine-serotype pneumococcal colonization at ages 13–24 months.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate real-world effectiveness of 2p+1b PCV dosing against vaccine-serotype colonization. Reduced-dose schedules may confer lower protection against vaccine-serotype carriage during and beyond the first year of life.
Investigating the Natural Mortality of Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Cotton Crops in Tropical Regions Using Ecological Life Tables
Authors: Chamuene António , Araújo Tamíris Alves De , Lopes Mayara Cristina , Ramos Pereira Renata , Berger Paulo Geraldo , Picanço Marcelo Coutinho 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Studies on the natural factors contributing to pest regulation are fundamental to developing efficient integrated pest management programs. Chemical control is the main management method used for pests [e.g., Aphis gossypii (Glover)]. The studies of pest management with chemical control provide information that can be incorporated into integrated pest management programs to promote more sustainable pest control approaches. Here, we report the critical stages of A. gossypii and its abiotic and biotic natural mortality factors in cotton crops as a function of plant phenology using a life table. The critical stages of A. gossypii were the first and fourth instars. Together, the abiotic and biotic factors caused 94.31% of the mortality in the A. gossypii populations in cotton crops with plants in the vegetative, flowering, and fruiting stages. The key mortality factors were rainfall and predation. Syrphidae Allograpta exotica (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Syrphidae) and Chrysopidae Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) larvae, many Coccinellidae species Cycloneda sanguinea (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Eriopsis connexa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Meneville) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Scymnus rubicundus (Erichson) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Stethorus punctillum (Weise) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), one Anthocoridae species Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), and individuals from the Araneidae family were responsible for the predation of A. gossypii. The results obtained in this study provide support for the idea that efforts to preserve natural enemies (e.g., predators) and rainfall monitoring should be adapted due to their importance for the regulation of A. gossypii populations in all the phenological stages of cotton in tropical regions.
High-level expression of an acidic thermostable xylanase in Pichia pastoris and its application in weaned piglets
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Yajing , Yang Yongzhi , Bao Chengling , Cao Yunhe 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An acidic thermostable xylanase (AT-xynA) which was stable at low pH and high temperature was considered to have great potential in animal feed. For large-scale production, AT-xynA activity was enhanced about 1-fold in Pichia pastoris by constructing a double-copy expression strain in this study. Furthermore, impacts of different AT-xynA levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, short-chain fatty acids, and bacterial community in weaned piglets were determined. Compared with the control group, ADFI and ADG were higher for the pigs fed 4,000 or 6,000 U/kg AT-xynA (P &lt; 0.05). AT-xynA supplementation also significantly increased the digestibility of OM, GE, and DM (P &lt; 0.05). AT-xynA supplementation increased the concentrations of acetate in ileal (P &lt; 0.01) and cecal digesta (P &lt; 0.05). Isobutyrate (P &lt; 0.05) and valerate (P &lt; 0.05) concentrations in colonic digesta also significantly increased compared with the control group. AT-xynA supplementation increased the abundance of Lactobacillus in the ileal, cecal, and colonic digesta of weaned piglets (P &lt; 0.05). AT-xynA alleviated anti-nutritional effects of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) by preventing the growth of Pateurella and Leptotrichia in the ileum (P &lt; 0.05). AT-xynA increased the abundance of NSP-degrading bacteria, such as Ruminococcaceae, Prevotella in the cecum and colon (P &lt; 0.05). In summary, AT-xynA addition could improve the growth performance of weaned piglets by altering gut microbiota.
Pathological consequences of the unfolded protein response and downstream protein disulphide isomerases in pulmonary viral infection and disease
Authors: Chamberlain Nicolas , Anathy Vikas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProtein folding within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exists in a delicate balance; perturbations of this balance can overload the folding capacity of the ER and disruptions of ER homoeostasis is implicated in numerous diseases. The unfolded protein response (UPR), a complex adaptive stress response, attempts to restore normal proteostasis, in part, through the up-regulation of various foldases and chaperone proteins including redox-active protein disulphide isomerases (PDIs). There are currently over 20 members of the PDI family each consisting of varying numbers of thioredoxin-like domains which, generally, assist in oxidative folding and disulphide bond rearrangement of peptides. While there is a large amount of redundancy in client proteins of the various PDIs, the size of the family would indicate more nuanced roles for the individual PDIs. However, the role of individual PDIs in disease pathogenesis remains uncertain. The following review briefly discusses recent findings of ER stress, the UPR and the role of individual PDIs in various respiratory disease states.
Monitoring the Resistance of the Citrus Red Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) to Four Acaricides in Different Citrus Orchards in China
Authors: Pan Deng , Dou Wei , Yuan Guo-Rui , Zhou Qi-Hao , Wang Jin-Jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is an important spider mite pest in citrus producing areas. Owing to long-term acaricide exposure, resistance has evolved rapidly in recent years. To evaluate the extent of resistance, seven field mite populations sampled from various geographical locations in China during 2015–2018 were tested using the leaf-dip bioassay method to determine their susceptibilities to four acaricides. In comparison with the susceptible strain maintained in the laboratory, low or moderate levels of fenpropathrin resistance, while no resistance to abamectin or cyflumetofen, were found among populations sampled from Liangping, Wanzhou, Daying, and Anyue in Southwestern China during the test period. High levels (&gt;1,000-fold, with LC50 values that were greater than the recommended concentration) of resistance to fenpropathrin had evolved in field populations from Southern China, including Guilin, Nanning, and Yuxi, when compared with that of the susceptible strain. Populations from Guilin and Nanning also evolved high resistance levels to abamectin (1,088-fold and 1,401-fold) and cyflumetofen (2,112-fold and 9,093-fold). All the populations sampled in 2018 showed a moderate or high resistance to bifenazate. Generally, field populations of citrus red mites from Southwestern China were more sensitive to the tested acaricides than those of Southern China. The data provide a foundation for developing acaricide resistance management strategies in these regions.
Efficiency of Food-Based Attractants for Monitoring Tephritid Fruit Flies Diversity and Abundance in Mango Systems Across Three West African Agro-Ecological Zones
Authors: Hanna Rachid , Gnanvossou Désiré , Goergen Georg , Bokonon-Ganta Aimé H , Mohamed Samira A , Ekesi Sunday , Fiaboe Komi K M , Agnontchémè Abiola I 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFood baits are effective and widely used tools for monitoring diversity and abundance of tephritid fruit flies. Four food-baits—Nulure, BioLure, Mazoferm at 3 and 6%, and Torula yeast—were used in multi-lure traps over a 4-yr period in mango orchards in three Benin agro-ecological zones (AEZ) representing a large swath of environments in western Africa. Twelve tephritid fruit fly species were captured during the trials, with the highest richness in the Forest Savannah Mosaic (FSM), followed by the Southern Guinea Savannah (SGS), and the Northern Guinea Savannah (NGS) AEZ. Despite previous reports of displacement, the native species Ceratitis cosyra remained the dominant tephritid species in mango orchards in the NGS, with the invasive and exotic species Bactrocera dorsalis dominating the tephritid fauna in the SGS and FSM. Torula yeast captured the greatest number of fruit flies in each AEZ. Mazoferm-3% captures were similar to Torula yeast, except for lower captures in the NGS where it tended to harden. The rank order of relative efficiency indices (REI) of the food baits (relative to Torula yeast) is Mazoferm-3% &gt; Nulure &gt; Mazoferm-6% and BioLure. The latter captured more Ceratitis spp. than all the other baits, particularly at very low Ceratitis spp. abundance. To our knowledge, the study is the first to report relative efficiency indices for the selection of food baits in monitoring diversity and abundance of fruit flies. Ecological and practical implications for the use of food baits in comparison with male lures are discussed.
Susceptibility of Euschistus heros and Dichelops furcatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Selected Insecticides in Brazil
Authors: Somavilla Junior C , Reis Alexandre C , Gubiani Patricia da S , Godoy Daniela N , Stürmer Glauber R , Bernardi Oderlei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1798) and Dichelops furcatus (Fabricius, 1775) are key pests of agricultural crops in Brazil. Chemical insecticides are the main control tactic used against these species. Here, we investigated the susceptibility of E. heros and D. furcatus from distinct regions to the mains insecticides used to stink bugs control in Brazil. Field populations of these species were collected throughout the 2017–2019 crop seasons and insects were exposed to insecticides in dip-test bioassays using fresh green bean pods. Populations of E. heros exhibited low variation in the susceptibility to acephate (LC50 = 172.2 to 1,008 µg a.i. per ml), and thiamethoxam (LC50 = 28.8 to 433.9 µg a.i. per ml); resistance ratios were less than 5.9- and 15.1-fold, respectively. In contrast, these populations had higher variation in the susceptibility to bifenthrin (LC50 = 26.7 to 636.1 µg a.i. per ml) and lambda-cyhalothrin (LC50 = 10.0 to 636.1 µg a.i. per ml); resistance ratios reaching 23.8- and 63.6-fold, respectively. Susceptibility monitoring data indicated a higher susceptibility of E. heros to the manufacturers field-recommended rates of acephate, lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam, and bifenthrin + acetamiprid than lambda-cyhalothrin. Populations of D. furcatus exhibited low variation in the susceptibility to acephate (LC50 = 219.2 to 614.1 µg a.i. per ml), bifenthrin (LC50 = 62.8 to 197.4 µg a.i. per ml), and lambda-cyhalothrin (LC50 = 189.5 to 2,538 µg a.i. per ml); resistance ratios were less than 13.4-fold. In summary, populations of E. heros are less susceptible to pyrethroids, while populations of D. furcatus have similar susceptibility to the insecticides evaluated.
Prospecting Peptides Isolated From Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) With Antimicrobial Activity Against Helicobacter pylori (Campylobacterales: Helicobacteraceae)
Authors: Alvarez Daniela , Wilkinson Kevin A , Treilhou Michel , Téné Nathan , Castillo Denis , Sauvain Michel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Marshall & Goodwin) is a widespread human pathogen that is acquiring resistance to the antibiotics used to treat it. This increasing resistance necessitates a continued search for new antibiotics. An antibiotic source that shows promise is animals whose immune systems must adapt to living in bacteria-laden conditions by producing antibacterial peptides or small molecules. Among these animals is the black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens Linnaeus), a Diptera that colonizes decomposing organic matter. In order to find anti-H. pylori peptides in BSF, larvae were challenged with Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae). Small peptides were extracted from hemolymph and purified using solid-phase extraction, molecular weight cutoff filtration and two rounds of preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The anti-H. pylori fraction was followed through the purification process using the inhibition zone assay in brain-heart infusion agar, while peptides from uninoculated larvae had no activity. The inhibition halo of the active sample was comparable to the action of metronidazole in the inhibition zone assay. The purified sample contained four peptides with average masses of approximately 4.2 kDa that eluted together when analyzed by HPLC-mass spectrometry. The peptides likely have similar sequences, activity, and properties. Therefore, BSF produces inducible antibacterial peptides that have in vitro activity against H. pylori, which highlights BSF’s position as an important target for further bioprospecting.
First Records of Established Populations of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected From Three Nebraska Counties
Authors: Nielsen Lindsey E , Cortinas Roberto , Fey Paul D , Iwen Peter C , Nielsen David H 
Published: November 2019

AbstractReported cases of Lyme disease in Nebraska have been assumed to be imported from other endemic areas. Previous surveillance efforts provided no evidence of established populations as only individual specimens of Ixodes scapularis (Say) had been collected. In the winter of 2018, adult I. scapularis were found on a dog at Two Rivers State Recreation Area, Douglas County, prompting tick collection at the site and nearby natural areas. In May 2019, all life stages of host-seeking I. scapularis were collected using dragging and flagging techniques in sites located near the Platte River in Douglas, Sarpy, and Saunders counties. This is the first documentation of established populations of I. scapularis in Nebraska.
Immunotropic effects in cultured human blood mononuclear cells exposed to a 900 MHz pulse-modulated microwave field
Authors: Szymański Łukasz , Sobiczewska Elżbieta , Cios Aleksandra , Szymanski Pawel , Ciepielak Martyna , Stankiewicz Wanda 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The specific biological effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) remains unknown even though devices present in our daily lives, such as smartphones and Wi-Fi antennae increase the environmental level of electromagnetic radiation. It is said that the human immune system is able to react to discrete environmental stimuli like EMF. To investigate the effect of 900 MHz microwave stimulation on the immune system our research aimed to analyze lymphocyte proliferation and observe and assess the basic immunoregulatory activities using a newly developed and improved anechoic chamber. Samples of mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from the blood of healthy donors were exposed to 900 MHz pulse-modulated radiofrequency radiation (20 V/m, SAR 0.024 W/kg) twice (15 min each) or left without irradiation (control group). Subsequently, the control and exposed cells were set up to determine several parameters characterizing T cell immunocompetence and monocyte immunogenic activity. Although the microcultures of PBMC exposed to radiofrequency radiation demonstrated higher immunogenic activity of monocytes (LM index) and T-cell response to concanavalin A than control cultures after first exposure, this parameter decreased after a second stimulation. Saturation of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor rose significantly after the second day of exposure. On the other hand, response to mitogen dropped after EMF stimulation. The results suggest that PBMC are able to overcome stress caused by mitogens after stimulation with 900 MHz radiation.
When size does not matter: a rare case of popliteal artery aneurysm presenting with foot drop and its endovascular management
Authors: Yahng Jeong-moh J , Ying Lei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAA) are the commonest arterial aneurysm of the periphery. It is defined as focal dilation more than 50% of the normal vessel diameter, which usually varies between 7 and 11 mm. The most common presentation for PAA is claudication due to luminal stenosis caused by mural thrombus or acute limb ischaemia due to thromboembolism. It is much less common for patients to present with mass effect symptoms due to compression of adjacent structures, and of these, common peroneal nerve compression is particularly uncommon. We present a rare case of a 92-year-old female presenting with 4-month history of left foot drop with radiological evidence of common peroneal nerve compression secondary to PAA measuring 22 × 21 mm in size. To the best of our knowledge, this is the smallest reported popliteal aneurysm presenting with foot drop. We also present the endovascular treatment option used.