bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmaco-epidemiological research on herbal medicinal products in the paediatric population: data from the PhytoVIS study
Authors: Nieber Karen , Raskopf Esther , Möller Johanna , Kelber Olaf , Fürst Robert , Shah-Hosseini Kija , Singh Jaswinder , Kraft Karin , Mösgens Ralph 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn paediatrics, clinical study data are limited, especially on herbal medicinal products. To address this gap, 2063 datasets from the paediatric population were evaluated in the PhytoVIS data base. By screening for paediatric data, information on indication, gender, treatment, co-medication and tolerability were evaluated. The majority of patients was treated because of common cold, fever, digestive complaints, skin diseases, sleep disturbances and anxiety. The perceived effect of the therapy was rated in 84% of the patients as very good or good without adverse events. The data shed light on a still neglected field of phyto-pharmacotherapy by giving information on the use of herbal medicines in an unselected cohort of paediatric patients. The results confirm the good clinical effects and safety of herbal medicinal products in this patient population and show that they are widely used in Germany.What is Known:• In Germany, about 85% of children receive one or more herbal medicinal products per year.• Despite international initiatives to promote clinical research in paediatrics, there are still many gaps of knowledge in the use of drugs in paediatrics.What is New:• The PhytoVIS project evaluated 2063 data sets from the paediatric population using herbal medicinal products.• The majority of patients was treated because of common cold, fever, digestive complaints, skin diseases, sleep disturbances and anxiety, and 84% of the patients rated the therapy as very good or good without adverse events.
Neuroprotection in Parkinson’s disease: facts and hopes
Authors: Salamon András , Zádori Dénes , Szpisjak László , Klivényi Péter , Vécsei László 
Published: December 2019

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Behind the symptoms there is a complex pathological mechanism which leads to a dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Despite the strong efforts, curative treatment has not been found yet. To prevent a further cell death, numerous molecules were tested in terms of neuroprotection in preclinical (in vitro, in vivo) and in clinical studies as well. The aim of this review article is to summarize our knowledge about the extensively tested neuroprotective agents (Search period: 1991–2019). We detail the underlying pathological mechanism and summarize the most important results of the completed animal and clinical trials. Although many positive results have been reported in the literature, there is still no evidence that any of them should be used in clinical practice (Cochrane analysis was performed). Therefore, further studies are needed to better understand the pathomechanism of PD and to find the optimal neuroprotective agent(s).
Diagnostic and medical needs for therapeutic drug monitoring of antibiotics
Authors: Mabilat Claude , Gros Marie Francoise , Nicolau David , Mouton Johan W. , Textoris Julien , Roberts Jason A. , Cotta Menino O. , van Belkum Alex , Caniaux Isabelle 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antibiotics has been practiced for more than half a century, but it is still not widely applied for infected patients. It has a traditional focus on limiting toxicity of specific classes of antibiotics such as aminoglycosides and vancomycin. With more patients in critical care with higher levels of sickness severity and immunosuppression as well as an increasingly obese and ageing population, an increasing risk of suboptimal antibiotic exposure continues to escalate. As such, the value of TDM continues to expand, especially for beta-lactams which constitute the most frequently used antibiotic class. To date, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of infectious microbes rather than classification in terms of susceptible and resistant can be reported. In parallel, increasingly sophisticated TDM technology is becoming available ensuring that TDM is feasible and can deliver personalized antibiotic dosing schemes. There is an obvious need for extensive studies that will quantify the improvements in clinical outcome of individual TDM-guided dosing. We suggest that a broad diagnostic and medical investigation of the TDM arena, including market analyses and analytical technology assessment, is a current priority.
Solving the fair electric load shedding problem in developing countries
Authors: Oluwasuji Olabambo Ifeoluwa , Malik Obaid , Zhang Jie , Ramchurn Sarvapali Dyanand 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOften because of limitations in generation capacity of power stations, many developing countries frequently resort to disconnecting large parts of the power grid from supply, a process termed load shedding. This leaves households in disconnected parts without electricity, causing them inconvenience and discomfort. Without fairness being taken into due consideration during load shedding, some households may suffer more than others. In this paper, we solve the fair load shedding problem (FLSP) by creating solutions which connect households to supply based on some fairness criteria (i.e., to fairly connect homes to supply in terms of duration, their electricity needs, and their demand), which we model as their utilities. First, we briefly describe some state-of-art household-level load shedding heuristics which meet the first criteria. Second, we model the FLSP as a resource allocation problem, which we formulate into two Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) problems based on the Multiple Knapsack Problem. In so doing, we use the utilitarian, egalitarian and envy-freeness social welfare metrics to develop objectives and constraints that ensure our FLSP solutions results in fair allocations that consider the utilities of agents. Then, we solve the FLSP and show that our MIP models maximize the groupwise and individual utilities of agents, and minimize the differences between their pairwise utilities under a number of experiments. When taken together, our endeavour establishes a set of benchmarks for fair load shedding schemes, and provide insights for designing fair allocation solutions for other scarce resources.
Respect the Author: a Research Ethical Principle for Readers
Authors: Ahlin Marceta Jesper 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMuch of contemporary research ethics was developed in the latter half of the twentieth century as a response to the unethical treatment of human beings in biomedical research. Research ethical considerations have subsequently been extended to cover topics in the sciences and technology such as data handling, precautionary measures, engineering codes of conduct, and more. However, moral issues in the humanities have gained less attention from research ethicists. This article proposes an ethical principle for reading for research purposes: Respect the author.
The Distinction Between Thermal Nonequilibrium and Thermal Instability
Authors: Klimchuk James A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFor some forms of steady heating, coronal loops are in a state of thermal nonequilibrium and evolve in a manner that includes accelerated cooling, often resulting in the formation of a cold condensation. This is frequently confused with thermal instability, but the two are in fact fundamentally different. We explain the distinction and discuss situations where they may be interconnected. Large-amplitude perturbations, perhaps associated with MHD waves, likely play a role in explaining phenomena that have been attributed to thermal nonequilibrium but also seem to require cross-field communication.
Determination of nest occupation and breeding effect of the white stork by human-mediated landscape in Western Poland
Authors: Bialas Joanna T. , Dylewski Łukasz , Tobolka Marcin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChoosing an appropriate nest site is essential for successful breeding. Changes in land use cause populations of many species to decline although some species adapt to anthropogenic changes. The white storkCiconia ciconiacommonly uses artificial nest sites. Recently, white storks from Western Europe have been using landfills as feeding sites; the beginnings of this process are being observed in Central-Eastern Europe. The study aimed to determine factors influencing the probability of nest occupation and breeding effect in a Central-Eastern European population of white storks. We used long-term data from Western Poland on breeding effect, nest occupation, the structure supporting the nest, the proximity of the nearest landfills, landfill area, and land cover. The probability of nest occupation was significantly dependent on habitat quality (based on the share of the preferred type of land cover), the structure supporting the nest, and landfill proximity within a specific year. The breeding effect was influenced by habitat quality and nesting structure. We demonstrate that the type of nesting structure is an important factor influencing both the probability of nest reoccupation and breeding effect. However, the significance of landfills appears to be growing, and in recent years, storks prefer occupying nests closer to landfills, which may have significant consequences for the population of the white stork.
Organoids from the Human Fetal and Adult Pancreas
Authors: Balak Jeetindra R. A. , Juksar Juri , Carlotti Françoise , Lo Nigro Antonio , de Koning Eelco J. P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurpose of ReviewNovel 3D organoid culture techniques have enabled long-term expansion of pancreatic tissue. This review comprehensively summarizes and evaluates the applications of primary tissue–derived pancreatic organoids in regenerative studies, disease modelling, and personalized medicine.Recent FindingsOrganoids derived from human fetal and adult pancreatic tissue have been used to study pancreas development and repair. Generated adult human pancreatic organoids harbor the capacity for clonal expansion and endocrine cell formation. In addition, organoids have been generated from human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in order to study tumor behavior and assess drug responses.SummaryPancreatic organoids constitute an important translational bridge between in vitro and in vivo models, enhancing our understanding of pancreatic cell biology. Current applications for pancreatic organoid technology include studies on tissue regeneration, disease modelling, and drug screening.
High-performance transparent conducting films of long single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized from toluene alone
Authors: Ding Er-Xiong , Hussain Aqeel , Ahmad Saeed , Zhang Qiang , Liao Yongping , Jiang Hua , Kauppinen Esko I. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSingle-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) transparent conducting films (TCFs) are attracting increasing attention due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. Toluene is a proposed carbon source for SWCNT synthesis, but the growth parameters of SWCNTs and their TCF optoelectronic performance (i.e., sheet resistance versus transmittance) have been insufficiently evaluated. Here, we have for the first time reported a systematic study of the fabrication of high-performance SWCNT TCFs using toluene alone as the carbon source. The mechanisms behind each observed phenomenon were elucidated using optical and microscopy techniques. By optimizing the growth parameters, high yields of SWCNT TCFs exhibiting a considerably low sheet resistance of 57 Ω/sq at 90% transmittance were obtained. This competitive optoelectronic performance is mainly attributable to long SWCNT bundles (mean length is 41.4 μm) in the film. Additionally, a chirality map determined by electron diffraction displays a bimodal distribution of chiral angles divided at 15°, which is close to both armchair and zigzag edges. Our study paved the way towards scaled-up production of SWCNTs for the fabrication of high-performance TCFs for industrial applications.
A case of severe megacolon due to acquired isolated hypoganglionosis after low anterior resection for lower rectal cancer
Authors: Tominaga Tetsuro , Nagayama Satoshi , Takamatsu Manabu , Miyanari Shun , Nagasaki Toshiya , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Akiyoshi Takashi , Konishi Tsuyoshi , Fujimoto Yoshiya , Fukunaga Yosuke , Ueno Masashi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAcquired isolated hypoganglionosis is a rare intestinal neurological disease, which presents in adulthood with the clinical symptoms of chronic constipation. A 39-year-old man underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection and covering ileostomy for locally advanced-rectal cancer. A 6-month course of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was completed, followed by closure of the ileostoma. After the closure, he developed severe colitis which required 1-month of hospitalization. Mucosal erosions and pseudo-membrane formation were evident on colonoscopy and severe mucosal damage characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells and crypt degeneration were pathologically confirmed. Even after the remission of the colitis, he suffered from severe constipation and distention. At 4 years after the stoma closure, he decided to undergo laparoscopic total colectomy. Histopathologically, the nerve fibers and ganglion cells became gradually scarcer from the non-dilated to dilated regions. Immunohistochemical staining examination confirmed that the ganglion cells gradually decreased and became degenerated from the normal to dilated region, thereby arriving at the final diagnosis of isolated hypoganglionosis. The patient recovered without any complications and there has been no evidence of any relapse of the symptoms. We present a case of acquired isolated hypoganglionosis-related megacolon, which required laparoscopic total colectomy, due to severe enterocolitis following stoma closure.
Production logging via coiled tubing fiber optic infrastructures (FSI) and its application in shale gas wells
Authors: Meng Xuangang , Wang Weijia , Shen Zhenzhen , Xiong Jiangyong , Zhang Heng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMultistage stimulation operation using plug and perf technique is the main development mode in domestic shale gas play. Because of the particularity of well trajectory, well geometry caused by rapid drilling operation in shale gas wells, the residual plug debris after plug milling, the complexity of multiphase flow in horizontal section, etc., it is difficult for conventional production logging to meet the needs of shale gas wells. However, a number of shale gas wells need to be evaluated in the effects of well drilling and completion and fracturing, providing the guidance for the next fracturing design, so the production logging via coiled tubing fiber optic infrastructures (FSI) can satisfy the needs of shale gas wells, really reflect water holdup and gas holdup in different fracturing stage, and effectively evaluate fracturing effect of each stage.
Mössbauer Spectroscopic Study of Phosphatic Sediments Collected from Fatehgarh Formation of Northern Barmer Basin, Western Rajasthan
Authors: Mathur Sonal , Tripathi R.P. , Mathur S.C. , Mathur Saurabh 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
A unique thin ferruginous layer sandwiched between phosphatic sediments of the Fatehgarh Formation representing northern periphery of the Barmer basin, India. Magnetic separation of this layer yielded presence of magnetic glassy spherules of millimeter size. In the present investigation, Mössbauer and XRD study of twelve phosphatic sediments including ferruginous layer of Fatehgarh Formation was carried out. For the first time, a very unusual and complex pattern of Mössbauer parameters attributed to an unusual thermal history in late Cretaceous phosphatic sediments of the Barmer basin has been shown.
Appraisal of Seawater Mixing Index in Coastal Aquifer of Karaikal, Southern India Using Geospatial Technology
Authors: Sivaranjani S. , Ellappan Vinodhini , Karthick L.Avinash 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Seawater intrusion promotes the salinity of groundwater and it poses a great environmental impact on a global scale. The selected study area Karaikal block, Tamil Nadu state coastal aquifers are potentially a major problem in terms of seawater intrusion. The present research aims to assess the hydrogeochemical processes and influence of seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifers using seawater mixing index. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for major ionic parameters, have higher conductivity, total dissolved solids, magnesium, sulphate, sodium and chloride. Thematic maps of factors influencing the sea water intrusion were prepared and overlaid using Geographical Information System (GIS). Good quality groundwater in the northern side indicate that the aquifer was unaffected by the seawater mixing. According to final GIS map, most of the region was severely affected by seawater intrusion due to over-exploitation of groundwater. The deteriorated groundwater resources in this coastal region raises environmental and health concerns.
Geophysical assessment of aquifer vulnerability and management: a case study of University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State
Authors: Obiora Daniel N. , Ibuot Johnson C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSeventeen vertical electrical soundings and seven electrical resistivity tomography profiles were carried out at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. The study involves the use of Schlumberger and Wenner electrodes configuration. The thrust of this work is on determining the vulnerability of the hydrogeological units by employing the aquifer vulnerability index (AVI) method. The resistivity data measured were interpreted manually and with computer software packages, which gave the resistivity, depth and thickness for each layer within the maximum current electrodes separation. The hydraulic conductivity (K) and hydraulic resistance (C) of the protective layers estimated from the primary parameters estimated have values ranging from 0.0434 to 0.4890 m day−1 and 38.37 to 1005.84 day−1, respectively. AVI of the study shows that the study area is characterised by low to high AVI with moderate AVI as dominant. This is to help in delineating aquifer protective zones and also possible locations, which further helps in groundwater resource exploration and management.
Assessing site form as an indicator of site quality in even-aged Pinus radiata D. Don stands in north-western Spain
Authors: Molina-Valero Juan Alberto , Diéguez-Aranda Ulises , Álvarez-González Juan Gabriel , Castedo-Dorado Fernando , Pérez-Cruzado César 
Published: December 2019

AbstractKey messageSite form and site index have shown similar precision for estimating site quality in even-agedPinus radiataD. Don stands in north-western Spain. Additionally, SF presents the advantage that it does not require stand age information and can therefore be used in a wider set of situations in the forestry practice.ContextEstimation of site quality is essential for characterizing, monitoring and predicting forest resources. Site index (i.e. the dominant height of the stand at a reference age) is ordinarily used to estimate site quality; however, this index is only useful for even-aged stands of known age. By contrast, SF is age-independent as it uses the dominant height of the stand at a reference dominant diameter.AimsThe aim of this study was to compare the performance of SF and SI for site quality estimation in even-agedP. radiatastands.MethodsDynamic equations derived with the Generalized Algebraic Difference Approach (GADA) from the Hossfeld IV base model were fitted to predict site quality with both SI and SF. SF predictions were compared with SI regarding variability within the same plot and consistency in site quality predictions, using the observed maximum mean annual volume increment (MAI) as a direct measure of site quality.ResultsBoth approaches showed good performance in model fitting and provided similar goodness-of-fit statistics and variability in the predictions. However, SI performed slightly stronger when related to MAI.ConclusionSF performed adequately in estimating site quality for even-agedP. radiatastands, with results comparable to those obtained using traditional SI.
Relapse of obsessive–compulsive disorder after cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a case report
Authors: Velikić Vid , Wippel Andreas , Freidl Marion 
Published: December 2019

SummaryObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by repetitive, persistent and unwanted thoughts and ritualistic, repetitive behaviors. The pathophysiology of OCD involves many distinct cortical and subcortical regions and it has been reported that OCD may occur as a consequence of traumatic brain injury, infections and tumors as well as cerebrovascular insult such as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). We here describe the case of a 36-year-old woman who developed OCD at the age of 13 with almost complete remission of the symptoms after a 1 year-long treatment. Interestingly, after suffering CVST at the superior sagittal sinus at the age of 33, she experienced a relapse of OCD. The patient was successfully treated with Sertraline and Clomipramine. Previous studies revealed cases of OCD following different cerebrovascular accidents, i.e. predominantly arterial stroke. However, the present case is the first to describe OCD after venous thrombosis. Based on our clinical experience, the most effective treatment of OCD after CVST represents the combination of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor Sertraline and the tricyclic antidepressant Clomipramine.