bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eosinophil as the major factor of the nomogram model to differentiate Kawasaki disease from other febrile illnesses
Authors: Liu Xiao-Ping , Huang Yi-Shuang , Kuo Ho-Chang , Xia Han-Bing , Sun Yi , Lang Xin-Ling , Li Qiang-Zi , Liu Chun-Yi , Huang Wei-Dong , Liu Xi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis in children less than 5 years old. At present, no single laboratory data can distinguish KD from other febrile diseases. To establish a differential diagnosis laboratory data model between KD and other febrile diseases, which can avoid coronary artery complications.Methods: A total of 800 children (249 KD and 551 non-KD febrile illness) were enrolled. Laboratory findings were analyzed by of univariable，multivariable logistic regression and nomogram.Results: 562 children were randomly selected as the model group and 238 as the validation group. The predictive nomogram included eosinophil percentage（100 points）, C-reactive protein (93 points), alanine transaminase (84 points), albumin (79 points), and white blood cell（64 points）, which generated an area under the curve of 0.873 for model group, and 0.905 for validation. Eosinophil showed highest OR: 5.015 (95% CI: 3.068-8.197) during multiple logistic regression. The sensitivity and specificity were 84.1% and 86% in the validation group. The calibration curves of the validation group for the probability of KD showed nearly agreement to the actual probability.Conclusion: Eosinophil is the major factors in this nomogram model and had a high precision to predict KD. This is the first report from literature review showed the important role of eosinophil in KD.
Peripheral Blood Gene Expression Signatures Identify Methotrexate Responders in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: June Rayford R. , Feger Danielle , Nevin Andrew , Imamura Yuka , Aune Thomas M. , Olsen Nancy J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Methotrexate (MTX) and biologic therapies have remarkably improved outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, choices of therapeutic regimens in an individual patient remain empiric, resulting in a risk of delayed control of inflammation consequent joint damage. In previous studies we have shown that a large number of protein-coding genes are dysregulated in RA and that the expression levels of the majority of these dysregulated genes return to normal in patients who have control of disease after initiating MTX monotherapy. Furthermore, in vitro responses to MTX are rapid, suggesting that changes in expression could precede clinical outcome, and have prognostic value. The aim of the current study was to analyze whole blood gene expression for correlates of clinical responses to MTX, with the long-term objective of developing prognostic biomarkers.Methods: RA patients (N=32) and healthy controls (HC; N=8) were from the Investigation of Remission in Rheumatoid Arthritis (IRRA) cohort at Pennsylvania State M.S. Hershey Medical Center. The RA group included 16 patients with active disease and 16 with controlled disease; 8 patients in each group were currently being treated with MTX. Whole blood RNA profiling was carried out in the Penn State College of Medicine Genomics core laboratory. Transcript data were analyzed using clustering algorithms and pathways analysis software to determine relatedness of groups.Results: Patients with active RA showed patterns of gene dysregulation that were farther from HC values than RA patients with controlled disease, whether or not MTX was a current medication. Comparison of the four RA groups determined by activity levels and MTX use showed over-expression of genes in alpha/beta and gamma interferon pathways, especially in active RA patients not currently taking MTX, suggesting contributions to maintenance of active disease.Conclusion: Levels of genes that are expressed in peripheral blood of RA patients correlate with disease activity and also with MTX treatment status. Longitudinal studies to determine how early in the treatment course changes in gene expression levels are detectable will be of interest to determine the potential for development of prognostic biomarkers to guide therapeutic decisions.
Pharmacokinetic Study of Zhebeirine in Mouse Blood by Ultra- Performance Liquid Chromatography/tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sun Wenhao , Jiang Xiajuan , Wang Xianqin , Bao Xi 
Published: December 2019

Introduction:
In this study, a precise, rapid and accurate ultra-performance liquid chromatography-
tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of zhebeirine in
mouse blood was developed, and pharmacokinetics of zhebeirine was studied for the first time after
intravenous and oral administration.

Methods:
The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid, with a flow rate at 0.4 mL/m
during 4 min run time. MRM modes of m/z 414.5→81.0 for zhebeirine and m/z 430.2→412.2 for 3-
dehydroverticine (internal standard) were utilized to perform quantitative analysis. Protein in mouse
blood was directly precipitated with acetonitrile for sample preparation.

Results:
The linear range was 1-3000 ng/mL with r>0.995, and LLOQ was 1 ng/mL. The intra-and
inter-day precision of zhebeirine in mouse blood was less than 13%. The accuracy ranged from 91.2%
to 112.5%, while the matrix effects were between 84.8% and 106.4%.

Conclusion:
The UPLC-MS/MS was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study on zhebeirine
after intravenous and oral administration, and the bioavailability was determined to be 22.8%.
Use of Nanohybrid Material for Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form Containing the Low Solubility Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient
Authors: Nigal Aparna , Darekar Avinash , Saudagar Ravindranath B. 
Published: December 2019

In oral absorption of a drug, the drug first dissolves and then is absorbed by diffusion through gastrointestinal membranes. The gastrointestinal environment is aqueous in nature and it is well-known that one-third of the drug population is water insoluble. Hence, there is a need for enhancement of the solubility and dissolution of such drugs. In this work, enhancement of the solubility and dissolution of the practically insoluble drug Rosuvastatin Calcium was achieved by formation of nanohybrids using microwave-induced diffusion (MIND), which ultimately leads to bioavailability enhancement. nanohybrids were formed by using natural carriers such as acacia,guar gum and PVP k-30 with the help of microwaves. Selection of carriers was based on their surfactant and wetting properties. Solubility studies were carried out to establish the solubility-enhancing property of the nanohybrids. To support solubility analysis results, dissolution studies (i.e. powder dissolution and in-vitro dissolution) were carried out. The nanohybrids were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction studies, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that as the concentration of polymer in the composite increased the solubility and dissolution of rosuvastatin calcium were enhanced. The optimised ratio (drug : polymer) for all the composites was found to be 1:4. The novelty of this work is the green and cost-effective way of forming drug nanocomposites with the help of microwave, which can be scaled up to an industrial level. The method gives an immaculate means of solubilisation by generating drug dispersion at the micro and nanoscale level in natural biodegradable stabilising media. Hence, this study demonstrates the use of nanohybrids in solubility and dissolution enhancement.
Keywords- BCS Class II, Nanohybrids, Solubilization, Enhancement of solubility, Optimized drug dissolution and drug release.
Estimation of D-dimer Level among Sudanese Women under Contraceptive Pill
Authors: Osman Zeinab Atif Ahmed , Babiker Sara Elsadig , Babiker Nihad Elsadig 
Published: December 2019

Contraceptives are intentional prevention of conception through the use of various devices sexual practices, chemicals, drugs or surgical procedures become a contraceptive if its purpose is to prevent a woman from becoming pregnant. This is a cross sectional study conducted at ALnow Hospital Khartoum, Sudan, the study aimed to estimate D.dimer levels among Sudanese women take contraceptive pill. 50 Women uses contraceptive pill used as a cases and 50 apparently health women were used as a control. Three ml of venous blood samples were collected from each subject in 3.8% tri-sodium citrate (9:1 vol/vol) for D-dimer analysis. The study revealed that was clearly significant increase in D.dimer in women take oral contraceptive pill (p.value 0.000), also the study concluded that D-dimer level was increased in users oral contraceptive Sudanese women, that is increase the coagubility of the blood and might be become as a risk factor.
Keywords: Contraceptive pills, D.dimer, coagubility.
Efficacy of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, potential fungi for bio control of Echinochloa crus-galli (Barnyard grass)
Authors: Nandhini C. , Ganesh P. , Yoganathan K. , Kumar Deepak 
Published: December 2019

A systematic field study was conducted in agricultural fields such as food crops, pulses, vegetable crops, oil crops and commercial crops to estimate infestation of Echinochloa crus – galli (barnyard grass), a common terrestrial weed belonging to family poaceae. The in vitro pathogenicity studies on barnyard grass were conducted using spore inoculum (8X107/ml) of an indigenous fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The pathogen was re-isolated from inoculated plants to fulfill Koch’s postulates and confirmed its host specificity on barnyard grass. The disease by the isolate was critically analyzed and the results revealed that Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a potential agent to biological control of barnyard grass. The results revealed that the pathogen causes significantly (P < 0.05) severe infection on host weed and destructs the weed population by leaf spot diseases. The findings of the research suggested that the isolate Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is highly virulent and host-specific, and recommended for further studies as a promising biocontrol agent against barnyard grass weed.
Keywords: Mycoherbicides, Barnyard grass, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Koch’s postulates
Microsponges: A Novel Strategy to Control the Delivery Rate of Active Agents with Reduced Skin Irritancy
Authors: VISHWAKARMA PRAMILA , Choudhary Ramraj 
Published: December 2019

Microsponges are particulate system which is composed by porous polymeric material. As compare to Conventional topical formulations, microsponge provide controlled release of the drug in the epidermis, it is to ensure that the drug is mainly localized and does not unduly entering the systemic circulation, it is a new area of research. The active ingredient needs to maximize the time to stay on the skin, while reducing transdermal penetration. Apart from this, there is a problem of unethical vehicles that can be viscous sticky deformation and skin irritation. One of the biggest challenges of now a days is to control irritability for a predetermined site of active agents in the human body. Microsponges delivery system is a unique technique for controlled release with low irritant involving many triggers of Mechanism for the release of drugs. The Microsponge Delivery system is a polymeric porous microspheres, which can trap a wide range of effective elements such as anti-fungus, anti-infected, anti- inflammatory agent, fragrance and essential agent. This review includes different techniques used to prepare microsponges, formulation consideration, safety consideration, drug release mechanism, and challenges with microsponge drug delivery system along with their advantages, disadvantages and applications. In the current review, we summarize the updated application and capacity of Microsponge as an effective drug-delivery system to reduce skin irritation.
Keywords: Microsponges; quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion; Porous microspheres; Controlled release.
Effect of methanolic extract of Amaranthus viridis leaves on reproductive functions in wistar female rats
Authors: AFFY Mataphouet Emmanuel , TOVI Wahon Marie-Odile , ZOUGROU N’guessan Ernest , KOUAKOU Koffi 
Published: December 2019

Objective : The aim of this study is to determine the pharmacological effects and the estrogenic properties of Amaranthus viridis leaves on the reproductive function of animal model (female rat).
Methods : Vaginal smears performed 9 days before treatment allowed to select female rats having alternated on two cycles a regularity. Thereafter, the selected rats were administered by gavage daily for 28 days taking care of smear every morning at 7am from the first day of treatment follow the evolution of the cycle. For this study 20 nulliparous rats, 2 months old, weighing between 120-150 g. The first group (control) was administered with olive oil and the other three batches received respectively the doses 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg of the methanolic extract of Amaranthus viridis. At the end of the 28-day treatment, ovary and uterine horn were removed, histological and hormonal parameters were studied for determine pharmacological effects of methanolic extract of Amaranthus viridis.
Results : The extract caused a disturbances of the cycle according to the doses administered. Disturbances at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg PC are significant. The calculation of the total duration of the different phases of the cycle revealed very significant increases in the estrous phase (P<0.01) by 22.79 % and 17.13 % at the respective doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w compared to control. Non-significant difference was recorded on FSH, LH and estradiol level. On progesterone level, administration of the methanolic extract showed a significant difference at dose of 600 mg/kg b.w compared to control. On histological structure of the ovary, the presence of active and degenerate corpus luteum, secondary follicles depending on the dose administered were recored.
Conclusion : The results showed that the methanolic extract of Amaranthus viridis contain estrogenic substances or estrogen-like substances according to a dose-dependent mechanism, with high estrogenic potential at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w .
Keywords: vaginal smears, Amaranthus viridis, methanolic extract, histology
IKT startup-ok pénzügyi kérdései
Authors: Bethlendi András 
Published: December 2019

Véleményünk szerint az információs és kommunikációs technológia (IKT) fókuszú startup-oknál, más startup-okhoz hasonlóan, a pénzügyi és számviteli kérdéseiknek hangsúlyosabban kellene megjelennie mind a szakirodalomban, mind a gyakorlatban, mert a nem megfelelő pénzügyi menedzsment meg tudja nehezíteni a startup-ok tőkebevonását és így a további növekedésüket. A jelen tanulmány mintáját magyar IKT fókuszú startup-ok pénzügyi- és adó átvilágításai adták.
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Financial Issues of ICT Start-ups based on the Experience of Financial and Tax Due Diligences

The conclusion of this study is that the most important financial and accounting is­sues of start-ups with an information and communications technology (ICT) focus should receive more attention in both the literature and in practice since inappro­priate financial management can make it more difficult for start-ups to raise capital and, thus, to continue to grow. This paper is based on a sample of financial and tax due diligences of ICT start-ups.
A számítógép-alapú kommunikáció nagyhatalmi és nagyvállalati perspektívái, geopolitikai és nemzetközi politikai gazdasági dimenziói
Authors: Iványi Márton 
Published: December 2019

A transznacionális vállalatok és a vonatkozó termékláncok, ideértve a szétpermeteződő információs és kommunikációs technológiákat is, globális térhódításának a huszadik-huszonegyedik századi tapasztalatai a jelenség történelmi, nemzetközi politikai gazdaságtani és geopolitikai kritikai vizsgálatának a relevanciáját sejtetik.
A számítógép-alapú kommunikáció röppályája a kapitalista fejlődésbe ágyazódik, amely magába foglalja a technológiai korszerűsítést, az államilag előmozdított piacliberalizációt, a „hagyományos” médiaágazatok összefonódását az újakkal és a hálózatokkal, valamint a mindezt kísérő intézményes struktúrák kiépülését.
E tanulmány a második világháború után lendületet kapó, majd a hidegháború lezárulásával átmenetileg globálisan is élre törő, valamint a kétezres évek első évtizedében véget érő, és e kihívásokra folyamatosan válaszokat kereső amerikai nagyhatalmi és transznacionális perspektívák viszonyát, kölcsönhatásait és feltételezhető összjátékát vizsgálja.
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State and corporate perspectives on computer-based communication and the digital media economy

This paper seeks to present an overview of the multi-stage transformation of the digital and increasingly internet-focused media economy over the last three decades. Accordingly, it outlines the main structural, organisational and operational features of the media’s convergence, telecommunications and computer technology, and ar¬gues that, in light of the foregoing, any sharp distinction between the ‘old’ and ‘new’ players in the media sector seems somewhat misleading and requires a more nu- anced approach. It then moves on to the current changes in the power relations of the digital media and information economy on the global stage.
Kansanterveys ja ekologinen kuorma
Authors: Pulkki Jutta , Perkiö Mikko , Kokkinen Lauri 
Published: December 2019

Ihmiskunta on saavuttanut merkittäviä kansanterveyden edistysaskeleita eri puolilla maailmaa. Terveyden edistymisestä on kiitetty muun muassa talouskasvua. Talouskasvuun liittyvällä kuluttamisella on kuitenkin ekologinen kääntöpuolensa: samaan aikaan kun ihmiskunnan terveys on parantunut, on ihmiskunnan ekologinen jalanjälki kasvanut ja ekosysteemit ajautuneet kriisiin.
Tarkastelemme kansanterveyden kehitystä ja ekologista kuormaa 33 OECD- ja BRICS -maassa 53 vuoden ajanjaksolla. Tarkemmin kysymme, miten kansanterveys ja ekologinen jalanjälki ovat kehittyneet vuodesta 1960 vuoteen 2015. Tavoitteemme oli selvittää, onko löydettävissä maita, joissa sekä elinajanodote tai vastasyntyneiden eloonjäänti että ekologinen jalanjälki ovat kehittyneet positiivisesti. Pohdimme tuloksia ympäristövaltio -kirjallisuuden valossa.
Tutkimuksessa käytetty paneeli-aineisto sisälsi tiedot 33 maan ekologisesta jalanjäljestä, imeväiskuolleisuudesta ja elinajanodotteesta vuosilta 1960–2015. Ekologisesta jalanjäljestä laskettiin kullekin maalle ajanjaksolta vuosikeskiarvo. Kansanterveyden osoittimista analysoitiin muutosta vuosien 1960 ja 2015 välillä. Koska kansanterveyden lähtötaso ja siten kehityspotentiaali oli maissa erilainen, suhteutettiin absoluuttinen kehitys teoreettiseen maksimikehitykseen. Maakohtaisten analyysien jälkeen maat ryhmiteltiin suurempiin alueisiin tarkempaa ajallista analyysia varten. Tulokset esitetään hajontakuvioina.
Löysimme kestävän ja suhteellisen pienen ekologisen jalanjäljen maita, joissa kansanterveys on kehittynyt suhteellisesti enemmän, ja vastaavasti suuren ekologisen jalanjäljen maita, joissa kehitys on ollut vähäistä. Tulokset antavat viitteitä siitä, että hyvä kansanterveyden taso voidaan säilyttää ja terveyttä edistää myös niukemman kulutuksen oloissa. Niin hyvinvointivaltioissa kuin alemman tulotason maissa on potentiaalia ympäristövaltioiksi, joissa huolehditaan sekä ympäristöstä että väestön terveydestä.
Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Program Mentoring Studi Kasus: SMP Perguruan Islam Ar-Risalah Kota Padang
Authors: Mustika Mega , Wirdanengsih Wirdanengsih 
Published: December 2019

Berangkat akan pentingnya pendidikan karakter di sekolah, banyak sekolah yang berorientasi pada kognitif. SMP Perguruan Islam Ar Risalah Kota Padang sekolah berbasis agama yang merupakan sekolah berorientasi pada pembinaan karakter peserta didik. Pembinaan karakter dilakukan melalui program mentoring yang menjadi program wajib yang diikuti oleh peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian memberikan gambaran pendidikan karakter melalui program mentoring di SMP Perguruan Islam Ar Risalah Kota Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Teori Belajar Sosial dari Albert Bandura. Penelitian ini menngunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Penelitian dilakukan di SMP Perguruan Islam Ar Risalah Kota Padang. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara, obbservasi dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunaka metode interaktif dari Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) program mentoring sebagai salah satu sarana pembinaan karakter di SMP Perguruan Islam Ar Risalah yang memiliki bentuk-bentuk kegiatan berupa tilawah Al Qur’an, pembacan doa, kultum, rihlah, qodhoya, memasak bersama. 2) karakter yang dibina melalui mentoring adalah karakter religius, peduli sosial, kerjasama, bersaudara.
Application of mathematical modeling in creating investment portfolio of commercial bank
Authors: Markova Olga Mikhailovna 
Published: December 2019

The article touches upon the most urgent problem of creating the stock portfolio
of a commercial bank, where studying the strategies and tools of the bank’s investment activity and using mathematical models for its assessment help to identify the relationship between profitability and the risk of investing in securities. As a result of applied analysis and modeling of the portfolio structure, the optimal portfolio option is selected, which corresponds to a given level of risk and profitability, as well as to the investment strategy chosen by the bank. There has been analyzed the portfolio structure with specified characteristics of risk and profitability, according to the statistics of previous years. The types of documents have been systematized according to the compliance with the strategy of managing the portfolio of profitability growth, liquidity and risk minimization. Using the models of Markowitz, Tobin and other researchers of probabilistic portfolio assessment through covariance indicators and a correlation coefficient, there have been found the values of return on assets that can change in one direction or have a multidirectional nature, and allow to calculate dependence between the values of return on securities in the portfolio. There have been considered the following models: a portfolio model based on calculating the level of stock returns of LUKOIL JSC, Novatek JSC, Yandex; a portfolio model that includes risk-free assets with the highest level of reliability (government short-term bonds, federal loan bonds); capital asset pricing model which describes dependency between the risk and the required profitability. Based on these calculations there has been inferred the possibility of developing specific areas of the banking business in the field of securities transactions, including: saving funds (providing protection against inflation); capital growth (focus on the securities that have the potential for growth in market value); profitability (purchasing securities in order to obtain dividends on shares and interest on debt securities); liquidity (investments into financial tools that can be sold at any time at favorable prices); risk minimization. The results of the conducted analysis of correlation and regression of the securities portfolio have revealed the most preferred types of securities for growing profitability that are in the bank's portfolio: shares of the Russian oil company LUKOIL, the Russian gas company Novatek, Yandex cIA, as well as the federal loan bonds (based on the terms of calculating history dynamics since May 1, 2018 up to May 1, 2019)