bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring During Pediatric Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery: A Mini Review
Authors: Lawlor Claire M. , Zendejas Benjamin , Baird Christopher , Munoz-San Julian Carlos , Jennings Russell W. , Choi Sukgi S. 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Review techniques for intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) monitoring during pediatric surgery for esophageal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula, tracheobronchomalacia, and cardiac surgery.Summary Background Data: Literature was reviewed for reports of intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring in cervical, thoracic, and cardiac surgical procedures which place the RLNs at risk for injury.Methods: Review paper.Results: The RLN is at risk during pediatric surgery for esophageal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula, tracheobronchomalacia, and cardiac surgery. Intraoperative nerve monitoring has decreased rates of RLN injury in thyroid surgery. Intraoperative RLN monitoring techniques appropriate for pediatric surgery are discussed, including endotracheal tubes with integrated surface electrodes, adhesive surface electrodes for smaller endotracheal tubes, endolaryngeal electrodes, and automatic periodic continuous intra-operative stimulation.Conclusions: Multiple techniques exist to monitor the RLN in children undergoing cervical, cardiac, and thoracic surgery. Monitoring the RLN during procedures that place the RLNs at risk may help decrease the rate of RLN injury.
Comparable Intestinal and Hepatic First-Pass Effect of YL-IPA08 on the Bioavailability and Effective Brain Exposure, a Rapid Anti-PTSD and Anti-Depression Compound
Authors: Gao You , Yang Chunmiao , Wang Lingchao , Xiang Yanan , Zhang Wenpeng , Li Yunfeng , Zhuang Xiaomei 
Published: November 2020

YL-IPA08, exerting rapid antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like effects on behaviors by translocator protein (TSPO) mediation, is a novel compound that has been discovered and developed at our institute. Fit-for-purpose pharmacokinetic properties is urgently needed to be discovered as early as possible for a new compound. YL-IPA08 exhibited low bioavailability (∼6%) during the preliminary pharmacokinetics study in rats after oral administration. Our aim was to determine how metabolic disposition by microsomal P450 enzymes in liver and intestine limited YL-IPA08’s bioavailability and further affected brain penetration to the target. Studies of in vitro metabolic stability and permeability combined with in vivo oral bioavailability, panel CYP inhibitor co-administration via different routes, and double cannulation rats were conducted to elucidate the intestinal and hepatic first-pass effect of YL-IPA08 on bioavailability. Unbound brain-to-plasma ratio (Kp,uu) in rats was determined at steady state. Results indicated that P450-mediated elimination appeared to be important for its extensive first-pass effect with comparative contribution of gut (35%) and liver (17%), and no significant species difference was observed. The unbound concentration of YL-IPA08 in rat brain (6.5 pg/ml) was estimated based on Kp,uu (0.18) and was slightly higher than in vitro TSPO-binding activity (4.9 pg/ml). Based on the onset efficacy of YL-IPA08 toward TPSO in brain and Kp,uu, therapeutic human plasma concentration was predicted to be ∼27.2 ng/ml would easily be reached even with unfavorable bioavailability.
A Novel Antioxidant Protects Against Contrast Medium-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats
Authors: Huang Shuo , Tang Yanyan , Liu Tianjun , Zhang Ning , Yang Xueyan , Yang Dingwei , Hong Ge 
Published: November 2020

Many studies proposed that oxidative stress and apoptosis are key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). Xylose-pyrogallol conjugate (XP) is an original effective antioxidant that showed decent antioxidant and anti-apoptosis effect before. Thus the therapeutic effect and mechanism of XP in preventing CI-AKI in the short and long term were investigated in this research. Renal function and histological grade were evaluated to determine the severity of renal injury. Kidney samples were then collected for the measurement of oxidative stress markers and the detection of apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and western blot of mitochondrial protein were utilized for the analysis of the mitochondrial conditions. The results demonstrated that the CI-AKI rats caused a significant decrease in renal function accompanied by a remarkable increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA), bax, caspase-3, cytochrome c (Cyt C) level, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive apoptotic cells, and damaged mitochondria, while a decline in antioxidase activities and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression compared with the control rats. However, when XP (50 or 100 or 200 mg/kg/day) was given orally for consecutive 7 days before CI-AKI modeling, XP (200 mg/kg) showed a better capability to restore renal dysfunction, histopathological appearance, the level of apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and fibrosis generation without interference in computed tomographic imaging. Our study indicated that antioxidant XP played a nephroprotective role probably via antiapoptotic and antioxidant mechanisms. Besides, XP may regulate the mitochondria pathway via decreasing the ratio of bax/bcl-2, inhibiting caspase-3 expression, cytochrome c release, and superoxide dismutase 2 activity. Overall, XP as a high-efficient antioxidant may have the potentials to prevent CI-AKI.
Formulation and Development of Transferrin Targeted Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Bhagwat Geeta S. , Athawale Rajani B. , Gude Rajeev P. , Md Shadab , Alhakamy Nabil A. , Fahmy Usama A. , Kesharwani Prashant 
Published: November 2020

Breast cancer is conventionally treated by surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy followed by post operational hormonal therapy. Tamoxifen citrate is a best option to treat breast cancer because its selective estrogen receptor modulation activity. Owing to its antiestrogenic action on breast as well as uterine cells, Tamoxifen citrate shows uterine toxicity. The dose 20 mg per day of Tamoxifen citrate required to show therapeutic effect causes side effects and toxicity to vital organs such as liver, kidney and uterus. In the present study, transferrin-conjugated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were successfully prepared to enhance the active targeting of tamoxifen citrate in breast cancer. Developed formulations were evaluated for particle size, surface charge, surface morphology and in vitro dissolution studies. Developed formulations exhibited more cytotoxicity as compared to pure Tamoxifen citrate solution in time as well as concentration dependent manner on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Further, cell uptake and flow cytometry studies confirmed the qualitative uptake of developed D-SLN and SMD-SLN by human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Overall, proposed study highlights that transferrin engineered nanocarriers could enhance the therapeutic response of nanomedicines for breast cancer treatment.
Insomnia in Chinese College Students With Internet Addiction: Prevalence and Associated Clinical Correlates
Authors: Shen Yanmei , Jin Xingyue , Zhang Yaru , Huang Chunxiang , Lu Jianping , Luo Xuerong , Zhang Xiang Yang 
Published: November 2020

Background: Internet addiction (IA) has gained more and more attention for its negative impact on the subjects' study and daily life. However, in a large sample, there is little research on the association between IA and insomnia in Chinese college students. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of insomnia and its related risk factors among Chinese college students with IA.Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to investigate 627 Chinese college students with IA. Each student completed a survey on demographic data, Internet addiction (Revised Chinese Internet Addiction Scale), depression (Self-Rating Depression Scale), insomnia (Athens Insomnia Scale), anxiety (Self-Rating Anxiety Scale), and suicidal behavior. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to adjust for confounding factors.Results: The prevalence of insomnia among students with IA was 54.86%. Compared with IA students without insomnia, IA students with insomnia were more likely to be younger, smoking, drinking, have anxiety, depression, suicidal ideations, suicide plans, and suicide attempts (all p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, drinking [OR, 1.664; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.139–2.431; p = 0.008], anxiety (OR, 2.321; 95% CI, 1.116–4.826; p = 0.024), and suicidal ideation (OR, 1.942; 95% CI:1.295–2.911; p = 0.001) were independently associated with insomnia in IA students.Conclusions: Insomnia is very common in Chinese IA students. Drinking, anxiety, and suicidal ideation are independently correlated with insomnia. This study provides valuable evidence for school counselors and clinical professionals to assess Internet addiction, insomnia, and suicide risk.
Code-Sharing in Cost-of-Illness Calculations: An Application to Antibiotic-Resistant Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Naylor Nichola R. , Yamashita Kazuto , Iwami Michiyo , Kunisawa Susumu , Mizuno Seiko , Castro-Sánchez Enrique , Imanaka Yuichi , Ahmad Raheelah , Holmes Alison 
Published: November 2020

Background: More data-driven evidence is needed on the cost of antibiotic resistance. Both Japan and England have large surveillance and administrative datasets. Code sharing of costing models enables reduced duplication of effort in research.Objective: To estimate the burden of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (BSIs) in Japan, utilizing code that was written to estimate the hospital burden of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli BSIs in England. Additionally, the process in which the code-sharing and application was performed is detailed, to aid future such use of code-sharing in health economics.Methods: National administrative data sources were linked with voluntary surveillance data within the Japan case study. R software code, which created multistate models to estimate the excess length of stay associated with different exposures of interest, was adapted from previous use and run on this dataset. Unit costs were applied to estimate healthcare system burden in 2017 international dollars (I$).Results: Clear supporting documentation alongside open-access code, licensing, and formal communication channels, helped the re-application of costing code from the English setting within the Japanese setting. From the Japanese healthcare system perspective, it was estimated that there was an excess cost of I$6,392 per S. aureus BSI, whilst oxacillin resistance was associated with an additional I$8,155.Conclusions:S. aureus resistance profiles other than methicillin may substantially impact hospital costs. The sharing of costing models within the field of antibiotic resistance is a feasible way to increase burden evidence efficiently, allowing for decision makers (with appropriate data available) to gain rapid cost-of-illness estimates.
Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Levels of Pantoprazole in Neonatal Calves After Intravenous Administration
Authors: Olivarez Jeff D. , Kreuder Amanda J. , Tatarniuk Dane M. , Wulf Larry W. , Dembek Katarzyna A. , Mochel Jonathan P. , Smith Joe S. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Neonatal calves are at risk of developing abomasal ulceration, but there is a lack of pharmacokinetic data for potential anti-ulcerative therapies, such as pantoprazole, in ruminant species.Objective: The study objectives were to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for pantoprazole in neonatal dairy calves after intravenous (IV) administration. A secondary objective was to quantify the concentrations of pantoprazole in edible tissues after IV dosing.Methods: Pantoprazole was administered to 9 neonatal Holstein calves at a dose of 1 mg/kg IV. Plasma samples were collected over 24 h and analyzed via HPLC-MS for determining pantoprazole concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived via non-compartmental analysis. Tissue samples were collected at 1, 3, and 5 days after administration and analyzed via HPLC-MS.Results: Following IV administration, plasma clearance, elimination half-life, and volume of distribution of pantoprazole were estimated at 4.46 mL/kg/min, 2.81 h, and 0.301 L/kg, respectively. The global extraction ratio was estimated at 0.053 ± 0.015. No pantoprazole was detected in the edible tissues 1, 3, or 5 days after administration. A metabolite, pantoprazole sulfone was detected in all the edible tissues 1 and 3 days after administration.Conclusion: The reported plasma clearance for pantoprazole is less than that reported for alpacas but higher than reported in foals. The elimination half-life in calves appears to be longer than observed in foals and alpacas. While pantoprazole sulfone was detected in the tissues after IV administration, further research is needed as to the metabolism and potential tissue accumulation of other pantoprazole metabolites in calves. Future pharmacodynamic studies are necessary to determine the efficacy of pantoprazole on abomasal acid suppression in calves.
Quantitative Analysis of Solubility Parameters and Surface Properties of Larch Bark Proanthocyanidins
Authors: Chen Siqi , Song Jie , Du Liuping , Ma Yanli , Ren Shixue , Ren Junxue , Li Shujun 
Published: November 2020

Quantitative characterization of the solubility parameters and surface properties of larch bark proanthocyanidins will lay the foundation for quantitative studies of the interfacial interactions of proanthocyanidin/polymer composites and will improve the compatibility of components, with important practical and scientific significance. Here, the solubility parameters of highly polymerized larch polymeric proanthocyanidins (LPPCs) and less highly polymerized larch oligomeric proanthocyanidins (LOPCs) were determined experimentally by inverse gas chromatography (IGC). These values were then compared with the solubility parameters obtained using molecular dynamics simulations. The experimentally measured solubility parameters of LPPCs and LOPCs (20.5 and 22.09 (J/m−3)0.5, respectively) were in good agreement with the solubility parameters determined by molecular dynamics simulations (20.57 and 22.35 (J/m−3)0.5, respectively. IGC was also used to experimentally determine the total surface energy, which includes the dispersive component of surface energy γsd and the specific component of surface energy γssp, together with the surface acidity and basicity parameters of LPPCs and LOPCs at different temperatures. The surface properties of proanthocyanidins can be quickly and accurately evaluated by IGC, and both LPPCs and LOPCs were shown to be amphoteric materials. This study provides theoretical and technical support for the use of larch bark proanthocyanidins, which are non-toxic, renewable, and have good ultraviolet resistance, in the field of blending composites. The study also provides a reference for other studies on the interfacial interactions of wood fiber polymer composites.
MACHADO, Carlos, MARCILLA, Naguy Cronología histórico-cultural de América Latina y el mundo, s. XX, Montevideo, BANDES - Embajada de Venezuela en Uruguay, 2015, 459 pp. ISBN 978-9974-99-799-8.
Authors: García Ferreira Roberto 
Published: November 2020

He aquí una obra de relevancia y proyección internacional. La Cronología histórico-cultural de América Latina y el mundo en el siglo XX constituye un material excepcional, resultado de un proyecto amplio, riguroso, abarcativo y por sobre todo, sostenido en el tiempo. Según consignan sus autores, los profesores Carlos Machado y Naguy Marcilla, trabajaron en él sistemáticamente más de dos décadas. No se trata de un detalle menor en medio de la inmediatez y el vértigo a que nos obligan las constantes y desordenadas prácticas digitales que revolucionan –no siempre para bien- la labor periódica de los historiadores. En ese sentido la publicación contribuye a corroborar una vez más la necesidad de sostener en el tiempo investigaciones de largo aliento, “delirante” según consignan rápidamente los autores en la presentación.
Spinning indirectly coupled optical resonators
Authors: Qin Haoye , Yin Yiheng , Ding Ming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A spinning optical resonator is an excellent platform for realizing nonreciprocity. Here, we demonstrate the distinctive isolation features in spinning indirectly coupled resonators, where the nonreciprocal light propagation and probing mechanism via mechanical rotation have been achieved. Interplay with nanoparticles induces a tunable one- or two-way transmission through differential rotation, which can also be employed to realize the improved capability of particle detection. By pushing an individual resonator into a rotation-induced exceptional point (EP) condition, an EP associated isolation pattern is observed with avoided crossing. Our results may promote the development and understanding of nonreciprocity, rotation devices and anti-parity-time symmetry.
LD-pumped 2.8 μm Er:Lu2O3 ceramic laser with 6.7 W output power and >30% slope efficiency
Authors: Yao Weichao , Uehara Hiyori , Tokita Shigeki , Chen Hengjun , Konishi Daisuke , Murakami Masanao , Yasuhara Ryo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present a high-power, high-efficiency, laser-diode-pumped 2.8 μm Er:Lu2O3 ceramic laser generating record power at room temperature. Careful thermal management and pump-radius enlargement resulted in a continuous-wave output power of 6.7 W at 2845 nm, with a 30.2% slope efficiency. To our knowledge, this is the highest output power and slope efficiency ever achieved from a laser-diode-pumped 3 μm Er-doped ceramic laser. These results confirm the possibility of generating high-output-power, high-efficiency laser using transparent ceramics.
Impresi Covid-19 Terhadap Manajemen Organisasi dan Pembinaan Prestasi Cabang Olahraga Pencak Silat di Surakarta
Authors: Dwanita Zandra 
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui keberadaan dan kondisi organisasi Pencak Silat Kota Surakarta di tengah pandemi covid – 19 (2) mengetahui kondisi manajemen organisasi Pencak Silat Kota Surakarta di tengah pandemi covid – 19 (3) mengetahui pelaksanaan pembinaan prestasi Pencak Silat Kota Surakarta di tengah pandemi covid – 19. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada organisasi Pencak Silat di Kota Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode diskriptif kualitatif. Unit analisisnya Pencak Silat di Kota Surakarta. Teknik pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui studi dokumentasi, wawancara secara mendalam, dan observasi. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini yaitu pengurus, pelatih dan atlet Pencak Silat Kota Surakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pelaksanaan manajemen Pencak Silat Kota Surakarta pada umumnya sudah berjalan dengan baik. : (a) Organisasi Pencak Silat Kota Surakarta dimasa pandemi covid 19 ini berjalan dengan baik yang mana sudah memiliki unsur unsur organisasi, seperti: kepengurusan dan manajemen organisasi, anggaran dasar rumah tangga, anggaran dana, dan rencana kerja yang mana tidak memiliki kendala berarti. Dari semua unsur sudah dilaksanakan dengan baik, sedangkan manajemen Pencak Silat Kota Surakarta juga sudah cukup baik, dimana terus berupaya memfasilitasi atlet untuk menjaga kondisi untuk tetap berprestasi. (b) Perencanaan pembinaan program latihan di Pencak Silat Kota Surakarta menggunakan skema latihan virtual dengan menggunakan aplikasi Zoom/Google Meet. Dimana pelatih memberikan program dengan instruksi dan koreksi secara langsung. Sedang dalam adaptasi dikarenakan kondisi perangkat baik jaringan dan fasilitas yang digunakan berbeda beda dengan harapan dapat mempertahankan kondisi dan prestasi ditengah pandemi covid-19.
Kata kunci: Impresi covid-19, Manajemen Olahraga, Manajemen Organisasi Olahraga, Manajemen Pembinaan Prestasi , Pencak Silat Surakarta, latihan virtual
The Identifikasi dan Preferensi Lalat Buah (Bactrocera spp.) terhadap Estrak Serai (Andropogon nardus) dan Warna Perangkap pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annum)
Authors: Solihin Angry Pratama 
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis lalat buah dan pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak serai dan warna perangkap yang paling efektif dalam menarik lalat buah Bactrocera spp. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Helumo, Kecamatan Suwawa, Kabupaten Bone Bolango dari bulan Juli sampai September 2019. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial dua faktor dengan enam perlakuan yang diulangi sebanyak tiga kali sehingga diperoleh 18 petak unit percobaan. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (annova) dan selanjutnya diuji lanjut dengan menggunakan uji BNJ (Beda Nyata Jujur) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, terdapat dua spesies lalat buah yang terperangkap yaitu Bactrocera dorsalis dan Bactrocera umbrosa. Selanjutnya, perlakuan D2W1 (ekstrak serai 10 ml + perangkap warna kuning) merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam memerangkap lalat buah dengan jumlah tangkapan tertinggi adalah 23,33 ekor/perangkap/hari. Disisi lain, seluruh kombinasi perlakuan tidak berpengaruh pada intensitas serangan lalat buah pada tanaman cabai.
PENGGUNAAN DIAROMA EKOSISTEM PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPA
Authors: Muslikhun muslikhun  
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAK
Diantara bentuk persoalan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran tematik dari adanya kurikulum 2013 adalah peserta didik kesulitan memahami materi pembelajaran dan penggunaan media yang digunakan guru tidak tepat dengan materi yang diajarkan, sehingga peserta didik tidak tertarik pembelajaran dan sulit untuk memahami konsep materi yang diajarkan, sehingga hasil belajar yang didapatkan tidak mencapai nilai yang diharapkan. Maka untuk mengatasi permasalahan itu diperlukan penggunaan media yang sesuai agar dapat meningkatakan hasil belajar peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan ini untuk mengetahui perolehan hasil belajar peserta didik dengan menggunakan media diaroma pada tema ekosistem. Metode yang digunakan adalah pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain non equivalent control group design. Data yang telah terkumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis kuantitatif. Dari hasil penelitian penggunaan media diaroma menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media diorama pada tema ekosistem di kelas 5 Madrasah Ibtidaiyah meningkatkan minat belajar dan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Dengan demikian media diaroma dapat digunakan untuk materi ekosistem.
Kata Kunci: media diorama, hasil belajar.
Penggunaan Media Alamiah Mata Pelajaran IPA Kelas IV
Authors: Agustina Laelatul Fitriani  
Published: November 2020

Untuk meningkatkan pemahaman materi pada mata pelajaran IPA kelas 4 di MIMA Karangpucung yang saat ini hanya bersifat teoritis dan hanya melihat gambar gambar saja. Oleh karena itu siswa tidak mudah untuk memahami pembelajaran teori tersebut. Sehingga hasil belajar siswa menurun atau tidak memuaskan. Maka dibutuhkanlah penggunaan media alamiah yang bisa ditemukan dilingkungan sekitar Madrasah. Tujuannya yaitu dapat menghidupkan kembali semangat peserta didik berproses pada pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Penelitian lapangan ini melakukan studi dengan mengkaji dan mendeskripsikan proses pengumpulan dan penggalian data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis data kualitatif, dengan menggunakan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian diharapkan bagi guru yaitu dapat mengembangkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan serta membangkitkan rasa percaya diri sehingga akan selalu bergairah dan bersemangat untuk memperbaiki pembelajarannya. Bagi siswa yaitu dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dalam menyerap materi yang dipelajari sehingga proses dan hasil belajar pun akan lebih meningkat. Bagi sekolah bermanfaat untuk membantu sekolah dalam menciptakan lembaga pendidikan yang berkualitas yang akan menjadi percontohan atau model bagi sekolah-sekolah, terlahir guru–guru yang profesional berpengalaman dan menjadi kepercayaan orang tua, masyarakat serta pemerintah.