bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of surgical start time on short- and long-term outcomes after minimally invasive esophagectomy: a propensity-score matching analysis
Authors: Bao Tao , Zhao Xiao-Long , Li Kun-Kun , Wang Ying-Jian , Guo Wei 
Published: October 2020

Summary
There is growing focus on the relationship between surgical start time and postoperative outcomes. However, the extent to which the operation start time affects the surgical and oncological outcomes of patients undergoing esophagectomy has not previously been studied. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the potential effect of surgical start time on the short- and long-term outcomes for patients who underwent thoracoscopic–laparoscopic McKeown esophagectomy. From September 2009 to June 2019, a total of 700 consecutive patients suffering from esophageal cancer underwent thoracoscopic–laparoscopic McKeown esophagectomy in the Department of Thoracic Surgery at Daping Hospital. Among these patients, 166 esophagectomies were performed on the same day and were classified as the first- or second-start group. Patients in the first-start group were more likely to be older than those in the second-start group: (64.73 vs. 61.28, P = 0.002). In addition, patients with diabetes mellitus were more likely to be first-start cases (8.4 vs. 1.2%). After propensity score matching (52 matched patients in first-start cases and 52 matched patients in second-start cases), these findings were no longer statistically significant. There was no difference in the incidence rate of peri- or postoperative adverse events between the first- and second-start groups. The disease-specific survival rates and disease-free survival rates were comparable between the two groups (P = 0.236 and 0.292, respectively). On the basis of the present results, a later start time does not negatively affect the short- or long-term outcomes of patients undergoing minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy.
Protect right: right ventricular failure prevention strategy for left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Kawabori Masashi , Nordan Taylor , Kapur Navin K , Couper Gregory S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Right ventricular failure imparts poor prognosis following left ventricular assist device implantation. We present a strategy for the primary prevention of right ventricular failure after left ventricular assist device implantation in a high-risk patient.
IRF6,MSX1,TGFA, dental anomalies, and skeletal malocclusion
Authors: Fernandez Clarissa C A , Pereira Christiane V C A , Ferreira Fernanda F C F , Maciel José V B , Modesto Adriana , Costa Marcelo C , Vieira Alexandre R 
Published: October 2020

SummaryObjectiveVerify the presence of association between four variables—transforming growth factor α (TGFA; C/T rs1523305), interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6; A/C rs2013162), muscle segment homeobox 1 (MSX1; A/G rs12532), and dental anomalies—with skeletal malocclusion by comparing these four variables with Angle Classes I, II, and III, and normal, hyperdivergent, and hypodivergent growth patterns.MethodsA total of 505 orthodontic records of patients older than 8 years were evaluated. The sample consisted of 285 (56.4 per cent) females, 220 (43.6 per cent) males, 304 (60.2 per cent) Whites (the rest were mixed Blacks with Whites), with a mean age of 20.28 (±10.35) years (ranging from 8 to 25 years). Eight cephalometric points, which served as the anatomical framework for obtaining angles and cephalometric measurements, were used for skeletal characterization using the Dolphin Software. Samples of saliva were collected and the DNA was extracted, diluted and quantified. Markers in TGFA, IRF6, and MSX1 were used and genotypes were obtained using TaqMan chemistry. Odds ratio (OR) and 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) calculations, chi-square, Fisher’s Exact, Mann–Whitney, and correlation coefficient tests (significance level: 95 per cent) were performed. Bonferroni correction was applied and an alpha of 0.0006 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThere was no statistically significant associations between markers in TGFA or IRF6 with skeletal malocclusions. Tooth agenesis was associated with facial convexity (P &lt; 0.001). MSX1 was associated with Class II skeletal malocclusion (P = 0.0001, OR = 0.6, CI = 0.46–0.78).ConclusionIndividuals with tooth agenesis were more likely to have a convex face. MSX1 was associated with Class II skeletal malocclusion.
Public support for European cooperation in the procurement, stockpiling and distribution of medicines
Authors: Beetsma Roel , Burgoon Brian , Nicoli Francesco , de Ruijter Anniek , Vandenbroucke Frank 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 outbreak has heightened ongoing political debate about the international joint procurement of medicines and medical countermeasures. The European Union (EU) has developed what remains largely contractual and decentralized international procurement cooperation. The corona crisis has broadened and deepened public debate on such cooperation, in particular on the scope of cooperation, solidarity in the allocation of such cooperation, and delegation of cooperative decision-making. Crucial to political debate about these issues are public attitudes that constrain and undergird international cooperation.

Methods
Our survey includes a randomized survey experiment (conjoint analysis) on a representative sample in five European countries in March 2020, informed by legal and policy debate on medical cooperation. Respondents choose and rate policy packages containing randomized mixes of policy attributes with respect to the scope of medicines covered, the solidarity in conferring priority access and the level of delegation.

Results
In all country populations surveyed, the experiment reveals considerable popular support for European cooperation. Significant majorities preferred cooperation packages with greater rather than less scope of medicines regulated; with priority given to most in-need countries; and with delegation to EU-level rather than national expertise.

Conclusion
Joint procurement raises delicate questions with regard to its scope, the inclusion of cross-border solidarity and the delegation of decision-making, that explain reluctance toward joint procurement among political decision-makers. This research shows that there is considerable public support across different countries in favor of centralization, i.e. a large scope and solidarity in the allocation and delegation of decision-making.
Tripartite relationship between gut microbiota, intestinal mucus and dietary fibers: towards preventive strategies against enteric infections
Authors: Sauvaitre Thomas , Etienne-Mesmin Lucie , Sivignon Adeline , Mosoni Pascale , Courtin Christophe M , Van de Wiele Tom , Blanquet-Diot Stéphanie 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe human gut is inhabited by a large variety of microorganims involved in many physiological processes and collectively referred as to gut microbiota. Disrupted microbiome has been associated with negative health outcomes and especially could promote the onset of enteric infections. To sustain their growth and persistence within the human digestive tract, gut microbes and enteric pathogens rely on two main polysaccharide compartments, namely dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates. Several evidences suggest that the three-way relationship between gut microbiota, dietary fibers and mucus layer could unravel the capacity of enteric pathogens to colonise the human digestive tract and ultimately lead to infection. The review starts by shedding light on similarities and differences between dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates structures and functions. Next, we provide an overview of the interactions of these two components with the third partner, namely, the gut microbiota, under health and disease situations. The review will then provide insights into the relevance of using dietary fibers interventions to prevent enteric infections with a focus on gut microbial imbalance and impaired-mucus integrity. Facing the numerous challenges in studying microbiota–pathogen–dietary fiber-mucus interactions, we lastly describe the characteristics and potentialities of currently available in vitro models of the human gut.
On the use of adjoints in the inversion of observed quasi-static deformation
Authors: Vasco D W , Mali Gwyn 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARY
An adjoint-based conjugate gradient algorithm provides an efficient means for imaging sources of deformation within the Earth, such as volume stresses associated with fluid flow in aquifers and reservoirs. For time intervals over which the overburden deforms elastically, one can calculate the gradient elements for a single model update using just two numerical simulations. The first is a forward run that is used to compute the residuals associated with the given iteration. The second simulation is to evaluate the application of the adjoint operator to the residuals. In this adjoint calculation, the residual displacements are applied as sources at the measurement locations, driving the deformation in the simulation. The volume stress on the source grid blocks, in response to the residual displacements, provide the gradient components. We apply this technique to satellite-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) line-of-sight displacements that were observed over an oil reservoir in California’s Central Valley. We find that the adjoint-based gradient estimates, requiring 18 CPU seconds, agree with conventional numerical calculations that take over 3700 CPU seconds to compute. Conjugate gradient algorithms utilizing the conventional approach and adjoint-based gradient computations give roughly the same reductions in misfit and similar final estimates of reservoir volume change.
Mucosal glycan degradation of the host by the gut microbiota
Authors: Bell Andrew , Juge Nathalie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a major role in human health and an alteration in gut microbiota structure and function has been implicated in several diseases. In the colon, mucus covering the epithelium is critical to maintain a homeostatic relationship with the gut microbiota by harboring a microbial community at safe distance from the epithelium surface. The mucin glycans composing the mucus layer provide binding sites and a sustainable source of nutrients to the bacteria inhabiting the mucus niche. Access to these glycan chains requires a complement of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) produced by bacteria across the phyla constituting the human gut microbiota. Due to the increased recognition of the role of mucus-associated microbes in human health, how commensal bacteria breakdown and utilize host mucin glycans has become of increased interest and is reviewed here. This short review provides an overview of the strategies evolved by gut commensal bacteria to access this rich source of the nutrient with a focus on the GHs involved in mucin degradation.
Lessons From Bacille Calmette-Guérin for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Candidates
Authors: Behr Marcel A , Divangahi Maziar , Schurr Erwin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Developers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines should consider some of the lessons from a “new” vaccine introduced in 1921, namely bacille Calmette-Guérin.
Development and Validation of a Method for the Detection and Quantification of Antidepressants and Antipsychotics in Bone Samples by GC–MS
Authors: Laudani Antonino , Sangregorio Deborah , Zuccarello Pietro , Licciardello Teresa , Grasso Stephanie , Romano Guido , Barbera Nunziata 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Bone marrow is the tissue contained inside the bones and can be considered one of the potential alternative tissues in forensic toxicology. This matrix could be particularly useful in those cases where the routine sample is not available due to an advanced state of decomposition or skeletonization of the corpse. The aim of this study was to develop, validate and apply an analytical method of extraction and analysis of different antidepressants and antipsychotics, commonly used in therapy, from spiked pig ribs. Pig ribs, each of 5 g and 5 cm long, were spiked at three concentration levels (100, 200 and 500 ng/g). For each concentration, 10 pig ribs were prepared. The method involves the leaching by ethanol at different pHs of nine drugs from the inside of ribs, in particular from the bone marrow, without the fragmentation of bone tissue. Following a liquid–liquid purification and extraction, analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode. For method validation was assessed linearity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy, matrix interferences and, finally, carryover. Analytical method performance was acceptable respect to acceptance criteria for validation. No matrix interferences were detected; for this reason, it is possible to affirm that this method has a good selectivity. Moreover, the method was not affected by carryover. Considering that the study conducted on pig ribs has given encouraging results, it can be assumed that this method can be used in forensic toxicological protocols (human autopsy cases) as alternative to classic procedures.
Appropriate Extent of Lymphadenectomy in Segmentectomy: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Handa Yoshinori , Tsutani Yasuhiro , Mimae Takahiro , Miyata Yoshihiro , Ito Hiroyuki , Nakayama Haruhiko , Ikeda Norihiko , Okada Morihito 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The significance of lymphadenectomy is yet to be fully examined in segmentectomy. We compared the oncological outcomes of mediastinal lymph node dissection (LND) and hilar LND for lung cancer treated with segmentectomy via a multicenter database using propensity score-matched analysis.

Methods
We reviewed 357 clinical stage IA radiologically solid-dominant lung cancer patients who underwent segmentectomy with lymphadenectomy. The extent of LND was classified into systematic/lobe-specific mediastinal LND and hilar LND only groups. Postoperative results after segmentectomy with mediastinal LND (n = 179) and hilar LND (n = 178) were analyzed for all patients and their propensity score-matched pairs.

Results
Cancer-specific survival (CSS) and recurrence-free interval (RFI) rates for the mediastinal LND group were determined to be not significantly different compared with the hilar LND group in all non-adjusted cohorts. In the propensity score-matched cohort (129 pairs), mediastinal LND harvested more lymph nodes compared with hilar LND, and both groups had significantly different pathological stages (P = 0.015). Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed in 10 (7.8%) patients in the mediastinal LND group and 4 (3.1%) in the hilar LND group. The mediastinal LND group tended to have better prognosis than the hilar LND group (5-year CSS rates, 97.4% vs 93.2%; 5-year RFI rates, 93.5% vs 88.5%).

Conclusions
Mediastinal LND was found to provide more appropriate pathological staging compared with hilar LND in patients with segmentectomy by harvesting more lymph nodes. In addition, mediastinal LND might lead to better oncological outcome than hilar LND in segmentectomy.
A Comparison of Tick Collection Materials and Methods in Southeastern Virginia
Authors: Espada Christina , Cummins Hannah , Gonzales Jon A , Notto Leo , Gaff Holly D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In field studies of tick ecology, observed patterns may be biased by sampling methods. Results can vary by species, life stage, and habitat, and understanding these biases will improve comparisons of data across studies as well as assessment of human disease risk. A direct comparison of flagging versus dragging was conducted in southeastern Virginia. Transects were surveyed over a 6-wk period to identify differences in species and life stage collected, as well as differences between corduroy and denim material and inspection method for drags. Flagging collected more Ixodes affinis Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae) adults and Amblyomma americanum L. (Acari: Ixodidae) adults than dragging. Ground inspection was more efficient than tree inspection for collection of I. affinis adults, with no significant difference in inspection method for any other species or life stage. Corduroy was found to be more effective than denim in collecting nymphal A. americanum, although this may be an artifact of three large samples for corduroy collection of these ticks. There was no significant difference in Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) collection in any comparison. Dragging, tree inspection, and denim were not found to be more efficient in any scenario. This is the first comparison of flagging and dragging conducted in the southeastern United States. The community composition of ticks in this region greatly differs from regions where studies of these commonly used sampling techniques have been conducted. As the distributions of ticks continue to change over time, it will be important to evaluate best practices annually.
BES1/BZR1 Homolog 3 cooperates with E3 ligase AtRZF1 to regulate osmotic stress and brassinosteroid responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Van Nguyen Tinh , Park Cho-Rong , Lee Kyeong-Hwan , Lee Sungbeom , Kim Cheol Soo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Proline (Pro) metabolism plays important roles in protein synthesis, redox balance, and abiotic stress response. However, it is not known if cross-talk occurs between proline and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathways. Here, an Arabidopsis intergenic enhancer double mutant, namely proline content alterative 41 (pca41), was generated by inserting a T-DNA tag in the Arabidopsis thaliana ring zinc finger 1 (atrzf1 ) mutant background. pca41 had a T-DNA inserted at the site of the gene encoding BES1/BZR1 Homolog 3 (BEH3). pca41 has a drought-insensitive phenotype that is stronger than atrzf1 under osmotic stress, including high Pro accumulation and decreased amounts of reactive oxygen species. Analysis of physiological, genetic, and molecular networks revealed that negative regulation of BEH3 during abiotic stress was linked to the BR signaling pathway. Our data also suggest that AtRZF1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, might control osmotic stress, abscisic acid, and BR responses in a BEH3-dependent manner. Under darkness, pca41 displays a long hypocotyl phenotype, which is similar to atrzf1 and beh3, suggesting that BEH3 acts in the same pathway as AtRZF1. Overexpression of BEH3 results in an osmotic stress-sensitive phenotype, which is reversed by exogenous BR application. Taken together, our results indicate that AtRZF1 and BEH3 may play important roles in the osmotic stress response via ubiquitination and BR signaling.
Hemispherical variance anomaly and reionization optical depth
Authors: O’Dwyer Márcio , Copi Craig J , Nagy Johanna M , Netterfield C Barth , Ruhl John , Starkman Glenn D 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Cosmic microwave background (CMB) full-sky temperature data show a hemispherical asymmetry in power nearly aligned with the Ecliptic, with the Northern hemisphere displaying an anomalously low variance, while the Southern hemisphere appears consistent with expectations from the best-fitting theory, Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM). The low signal-to-noise ratio in current polarization data prevents a similar comparison. Polarization realizations constrained by temperature data show that in ΛCDM the lack of variance is not expected to be present in polarization data. Therefore, a natural way of testing whether the temperature result is a fluke is to measure the variance of CMB polarization components. In anticipation of future CMB experiments that will allow for high-precision large-scale polarization measurements, we study how the variance of polarization depends on ΛCDM-parameter uncertainties by forecasting polarization maps with Planck’s Markov chain Monte Carlo chains. We show that polarization variance is sensitive to present uncertainties in cosmological parameters, mainly due to current poor constraints on the reionization optical depth τ, which drives variance at low multipoles. We demonstrate how the improvement in the τ measurement seen between Planck’s two latest data releases results in a tighter constraint on polarization variance expectations. Finally, we consider even smaller uncertainties on τ and how more precise measurements of τ can drive the expectation for polarization variance in a hemisphere close to that of the cosmic-variance-limited distribution.
Gas-phase formation of acetaldehyde: review and new theoretical computations
Authors: Vazart Fanny , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Balucani Nadia , Bianchi Eleonora , Skouteris Dimitrios 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTAmong all the interstellar complex organic molecules, acetaldehyde is one of the most widely detected species. The question of its formation route(s) is, therefore, of a major interest regarding astrochemical models. In this paper, we provide an extensive review of the gas-phase formation paths that were, or are, reported in the literature and the major astrochemical data bases. Four different gas-phase formation routes stand out : (1) CH3OCH3 + H+/CH3CHOH+ + e−, (2) C2H5 + O(3P), (3) CH3OH + CH, and (4) CH3CH2OH + OH/CH3CHOH + O(3P). Paths (2) and (3) were not studied neither via laboratory nor theoretical works in the low temperature and density regime valid for the interstellar medium (ISM). Thus, we carried out new accurate quantum chemistry computations. A theoretical kinetics study at low temperatures (7 ÷ 300 K), adopting the Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus scheme, was also performed. We confirm that reaction (2) is efficient in forming acetaldehyde in the 7–300 temperature range (α = 1.21 × 10−10 cm3 s−1 and β = 0.16). On the contrary, our new computations disprove the formation of acetaldehyde through reaction (3) (α = 1.84 ÷ 0.67 × 10−13 cm3 s−1 and β = −0.07 ÷ −0.95). Path (1) was showed to be inefficient too by recent computations, while path (4) was formerly considered for glycolaldehyde formation, having acetaldehyde as a byproduct. In conclusions, of the four above paths, only two, the (2) and (4), are potentially efficient gas-phase reaction routes for the formation of acetaldehyde and we encourage astrochemical modellers to consider only them. Comparison with astronomical observations suggests that path (4) may actually play the major role.
A pair of Jovian Trojans at the L4 Lagrange point
Authors: Holt Timothy R , Vokrouhlický David , Nesvorný David , Brož Miroslav , Horner Jonathan 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Asteroid pairs, two objects that are not gravitationally bound to one another, but share a common origin, have been discovered in the Main belt and Hungaria populations. Such pairs are of major interest, as the study of their evolution under a variety of dynamical influences can indicate the time since the pair was created. To date, no asteroid pairs have been found in the Jovian Trojans, despite the presence of several binaries and collisional families in the population. The search for pairs in the Jovian Trojan population is of particular interest, given the importance of the Trojans as tracers of planetary migration during the Solar system’s youth. Here we report a discovery of the first pair, (258656) 2002 ES76 and 2013 CC41, in the Jovian Trojans. The two objects are approximately the same size and are located very close to the L4 Lagrange point. Using numerical integrations, we find that the pair is at least 360 Myr old, though its age could be as high as several Gyrs. The existence of the (258656) 2002 ES76–2013 CC41 pair implies there could be many such pairs scattered through the Trojan population. Our preferred formation mechanism for the newly discovered pair is through the dissociation of an ancient binary system, triggered by a sub-catastrophic impact, but we can not rule out rotation fission of a single object driven by YORP torques. A by-product of our work is an up-to-date catalogue of Jovian Trojan proper elements, which we have made available for further studies.