bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian Approach for Thermal History Reconstruction in Basin Modeling
Authors: Licciardi A. , Gallagher K. , Clark S. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present a novel method for the joint inversion of thermal indicator data (vitrinite reflectance and apatite fission track) and additional data (bottom‐hole temperature and porosity) for thermal history reconstruction in basin modeling. A transdimensional and hierarchical Bayesian formulation is implemented with a reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, with a 1‐D transient thermal model. The objective of the inverse problem is to infer the heat flow history below a borehole given the data and a set of geological constraints (e.g., burial histories and physical properties of the sediments). The algorithm incorporates an adaptive, data‐driven parametrization of the heat flow history, allows for automatic estimation of the relative importance of each data type and quantification of parameter uncertainties and trade‐offs. Our approach deals with uncertainties on the imposed geological constraints in two ways. First, the amount of erosion and timing of an erosional event are treated as independent parameters. Second, uncertainties on compaction parameters and surface temperature history are directly propagated into the final solution. Synthetic tests show that porosity data can be used to reduce uncertainties on the amount of erosion. This work illustrates a truly probabilistic analysis of the trade‐off between the magnitude of erosion and variations in heat flow histories which is key in basin modeling. The algorithm is then applied to real data from a well in the Barents Sea. Our algorithm can reconcile estimates of erosion from the thermal indicator and porosity data, which is a difficult and subjective task in basin modeling.
The Orinoco Low‐Level Jet: An Investigation of Its Mechanisms of Formation Using the WRF Model
Authors: Jiménez‐Sánchez Giovanni , Markowski Paul M. , Young George S. , Stensrud David J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Orinoco low‐level jet (OLLJ) is characterized using finer horizontal, vertical, and temporal resolution than possible in previous studies via dynamical downscaling. The investigation relies on a 5‐month‐long simulation (November 2013 to March 2014) performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, with initial and boundary conditions provided by the Global Forecast System (GFS) analysis. Dynamical downscaling is demonstrated to be an effective method not only to better resolve the horizontal and vertical characteristics of the OLLJ but also to determine the mechanisms leading to its formation. The OLLJ is a single stream tube over Colombia and Venezuela with wind speeds greater than 8 m s−1 and four distinctive cores of higher wind speeds varying in height under the influence of sloping terrain. It is an austral summer phenomenon that exhibits its seasonal maximum wind speed and largest spatial extent (2,100 km × 450 km) in January. The maximum diurnal mean wind speeds (13–17 m s−1) at each core location occur at different times during the night and early morning (2300–0900 LST). The momentum balance analysis in a natural coordinate system reveals that the OLLJ results from four phenomena acting together to accelerate the wind: a sea breeze penetration, katabatic flow, three expansion fans, and diurnal variation of turbulent diffusivity. The latter, in contrast to the heavily studied nocturnal low‐level jet in the U.S. Great Plains region, plays a secondary role in OLLJ acceleration. These results imply that LLJs near the equator may originate from processes other than the inertial oscillation and topographic thermal forcing.
Direct detection of mRNA expression in microbial cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization using RNase H-assisted rolling circle amplification
Authors: Takahashi Hirokazu , Horio Kyohei , Kato Setsu , Kobori Toshiro , Watanabe Kenshi , Aki Tsunehiro , Nakashimada Yutaka , Okamura Yoshiko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMeta-analyses using next generation sequencing is a powerful strategy for studying microbiota; however, it cannot clarify the role of individual microbes within microbiota. To know which cell expresses what gene is important for elucidation of the individual cell’s function in microbiota. In this report, we developed novel fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure using RNase-H-assisted rolling circle amplification to visualize mRNA of interest in microbial cells without reverse transcription. Our results show that this method is applicable to both Gram-negative and Gram-positive microbes without any noise from DNA, and it is possible to visualize the target mRNA expression directly at the single-cell level. Therefore, our procedure, when combined with data of meta-analyses, can help to understand the role of individual microbes in the microbiota.
A new brilliantly blue-emitting luciferin-luciferase system from Orfelia fultoni and Keroplatinae (Diptera)
Authors: Viviani Vadim R. , Silva Jaqueline R. , Amaral Danilo T. , Bevilaqua Vanessa R. , Abdalla Fabio C. , Branchini Bruce R. , Johnson Carl H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLarvae of O. fultoni (Keroplatidae: Keroplatinae), which occur along river banks in the Appalachian Mountains in Eastern United States, produce the bluest bioluminescence among insects from translucent areas associated to black bodies, which are located mainly in the anterior and posterior parts of the body. Although closely related to Arachnocampa spp (Keroplatidae: Arachnocampininae), O.fultoni has a morphologically and biochemically distinct bioluminescent system which evolved independently, requiring a luciferase enzyme, a luciferin, a substrate binding fraction (SBF) that releases luciferin in the presence of mild reducing agents, molecular oxygen, and no additional cofactors. Similarly, the closely related Neoceroplatus spp, shares the same kind of luciferin-luciferase system of Orfelia fultoni. However, the molecular properties, identities and functions of luciferases, SBF and luciferin of Orfelia fultoni and other luminescent members of the Keroplatinae subfamily still remain to be fully elucidated. Using O. fultoni as a source of luciferase, and the recently discovered non-luminescent cave worm Neoditomiya sp as the main source of luciferin and SBF, we isolated and initially characterized these compounds. The luciferase of O. fultoni is a stable enzyme active as an apparent trimer (220 kDa) composed of ~70 kDa monomers, with an optimum pH of 7.8. The SBF, which is found in the black bodies in Orfelia fultoni and in smaller dark granules in Neoditomiya sp, consists of a high molecular weight complex of luciferin and proteins, apparently associated to mitochondria. The luciferin, partially purified from hot extracts by a combination of anion exchange chromatography and TLC, is a very polar and weakly fluorescent compound, whereas its oxidized product displays blue fluorescence with an emission spectrum matching the bioluminescence spectrum (~460 nm), indicating that it is oxyluciferin. The widespread occurrence of luciferin and SBF in both luminescent and non-luminescent Keroplatinae larvae indicate an additional important biological function for the substrate, and therefore the name keroplatin.
Development of a new ‘ultrametric’ method for assessing spawning progression in female teleost serial spawners
Authors: Anderson Kelli C. , Alix Maud , Charitonidou Katerina , Thorsen Anders , Thorsheim Grethe , Ganias Kostas , Schmidt Thassya C. dos Santos , Kjesbu Olav Sigurd 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe collection and presentation of accurate reproductive data from wild fish has historically been somewhat problematic, especially for serially spawning species. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to develop a novel method of assessing female spawning status that is robust to variation in oocyte dynamics between specimens. Atlantic cod (Barents Sea stock) were used to develop the new ‘ultrametric’ method, that is based on the progressive depletion of the vitellogenic oocyte pool relative to the rather constant previtellogenic oocyte (PVO) pool. Fish were subsequently partitioned into one of four categories that accurately reflected changes in their oocyte size frequency distribution characteristics and gonadosomatic index throughout spawning. The ultrametric method overcomes difficulties associated with presence of bimodal oocyte distributions, oocyte tails, lack of clear hiatus region, and presence of free ova, and can be implemented at a single sampling point. Much of the workflow is fully automated, and the technique may circumvent the need for histological analysis depending on the desired outcome. The ultrametric method differs from the traditional autodiametric method in that PVOs can be separated by ultrasonication and then enumerated, and ovarian homogeneity is not a mandatory requirement per se. The method is designed for determinate spawners but might be extended to include indeterminate spawners.
Periconceptional environment predicts leukocyte telomere length in a cross-sectional study of 7–9 year old rural Gambian children
Authors: Maasen Kim , James Philip T. , Prentice Andrew M. , Moore Sophie E. , Fall Caroline H. , Chandak Giriraj R. , Betts Modupeh , Silver Matt J. , Buxton Jessica L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEarly life exposures are important predictors of adult disease risk. Although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, telomere maintenance may be involved. This study investigated the relationship between seasonal differences in parental exposures at time of conception and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in their offspring. LTL was measured in two cohorts of children aged 2 yrs (N = 487) and 7–9 yrs (N = 218). The association between date of conception and LTL was examined using Fourier regression models, adjusted for age, sex, leukocyte cell composition, and other potential confounders. We observed an effect of season in the older children in all models [likelihood ratio test (LRT) χ²2 = 7.1, p = 0.03; fully adjusted model]. LTL was greatest in children conceived in September (in the rainy season), and smallest in those conceived in March (in the dry season), with an effect size (LTL peak–nadir) of 0.60 z-scores. No effect of season was evident in the younger children (LRT χ²2 = 0.87, p = 0.65). The different results obtained for the two cohorts may reflect a delayed effect of season of conception on postnatal telomere maintenance. Alternatively, they may be explained by unmeasured differences in early life exposures, or the increased telomere attrition rate during infancy.
Production of functional eggs and sperm from in vitro-expanded type A spermatogonia in rainbow trout
Authors: Iwasaki-Takahashi Yoshiko , Shikina Shinya , Watanabe Masaya , Banba Akira , Yagisawa Masaru , Takahashi Kasumi , Fujihara Ryo , Okabe Takafumi , Valdez Jr Delgado M. , Yamauchi Akihiro , Yoshizaki Goro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCombining cryopreservation of germline stem cells (GSCs) with their subsequent transplantation into recipient fish is a powerful tool for long-term preservation of genetic resources of endangered fishes. However, application of this technique has been limited because endangered species sometimes have small gonads and do not supply enough GSCs to be used for transplantation. This limitation could be overcome by expanding GSCs in vitro, though this has been difficult due to the complexity of reconstructing the gonadal microenvironment that surrounds GSCs. Here, we describe a novel method of in vitro expansion of rainbow trout GSCs using a feeder layer derived from Sertoli cells and a culture medium containing trout plasma. A transplantation assay demonstrated that the in vitro-expanded GSCs exhibited stem cell activity and potency to produce functional eggs, sperm, and eventually healthy offspring. In vitro expansion of GSCs can aid in rescuing fishes that are on the verge of extinction.
Applying Generalizability Theory to Optimize Analysis of Spontaneous Teacher Talk in Elementary Classrooms
Authors: Hollo Alexandra , Staubitz Johanna L. , Chow Jason C. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
Although sampling teachers' child-directed speech in school settings is needed to understand the influence of linguistic input on child outcomes, empirical guidance for measurement procedures needed to obtain representative samples is lacking. To optimize resources needed to transcribe, code, and analyze classroom samples, this exploratory study assessed the minimum number and duration of samples needed for a reliable analysis of conventional and researcher-developed measures of teacher talk in elementary classrooms.

Method

This study applied fully crossed, Person (teacher) × Session (samples obtained on 3 separate occasions) generalizability studies to analyze an extant data set of three 10-min language samples provided by 28 general and special education teachers recorded during large-group instruction across the school year. Subsequently, a series of decision studies estimated of the number and duration of sessions needed to obtain the criterion
g
coefficient (
g
> .70).

Results
The most stable variables were total number of words and mazes, requiring only a single 10-min sample, two 6-min samples, or three 3-min samples to reach criterion. No measured variables related to content or complexity were adequately stable regardless of number and duration of samples.

Conclusions
Generalizability studies confirmed that a large proportion of variance was attributable to individuals rather than the sampling occasion when analyzing the amount and fluency of spontaneous teacher talk. In general, conventionally reported outcomes were more stable than researcher-developed codes, which suggests some categories of teacher talk are more context dependent than others and thus require more intensive data collection to measure reliably.
Dual linearly polarised 3D printed Phoenix cell for wide band metal only reflectarrays
Authors: Makdissy Tony , Gillard Raphaël , An Zhihang , Vaudreuil Sébastien 
Published: June 2020

This study shows the potential of additive manufacturing for the fabrication of 3D Phoenix phase‐shifting cell. With traditional microstrip printing technology, the cell has many advantages. Here, the authors demonstrate that the 3D printed version of the cell exhibits very good intrinsic performances in the 17–21 GHz frequency band. A deep insight into the operation mode of the cell is drawn in order to have a better understanding of its behaviour. Different prototypes are fabricated and measured to validate experimentally the numerical results.
KiDS+VIKING+GAMA: Testing semi-analytic models of galaxy evolution with galaxy–galaxy–galaxy lensing
Authors: Linke Laila , Simon Patrick , Schneider Peter , Erben Thomas , Farrow Daniel J. , Heymans Catherine , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Hopkins Andrew M. , Kannawadi Arun , Napolitano Nicola R. , Sifón Cristóbal , Wright Angus H. 
Published: June 2020

Context. Several semi-analytic models (SAMs) try to explain how galaxies form, evolve, and interact inside the dark matter large-scale structure. These SAMs can be tested by comparing their predictions for galaxy–galaxy–galaxy lensing (G3L), which is weak gravitational lensing around galaxy pairs, with observations.
Aims. We evaluate the SAMs by Henriques et al. (2015, MNRAS, 451, 2663, hereafter H15) and by Lagos et al. (2012, MNRAS, 426, 2142, hereafter L12), which were implemented in the Millennium Run, by comparing their predictions for G3L to observations at smaller scales than previous studies and also for pairs of lens galaxies from different populations.
Methods. We compared the G3L signal predicted by the SAMs to measurements in the overlap of the Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey (GAMA), the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS), and the VISTA Kilo-degree Infrared Galaxy survey (VIKING) by splitting lens galaxies into two colour and five stellar-mass samples. Using an improved G3L estimator, we measured the three-point correlation of the matter distribution with “mixed lens pairs” with galaxies from different samples, and with “unmixed lens pairs” with galaxies from the same sample.
Results. Predictions by the H15 SAM for the G3L signal agree with the observations for all colour-selected samples and all but one stellar-mass-selected sample with 95% confidence. Deviations occur for lenses with stellar masses below 9.5 h−2 M⊙ at scales below 0.2 h−1 Mpc. Predictions by the L12 SAM for stellar-mass selected samples and red galaxies are significantly higher than observed, while the predicted signal for blue galaxy pairs is too low.
Conclusions. The L12 SAM predicts more pairs of low stellar mass and red galaxies than the H15 SAM and the observations, as well as fewer pairs of blue galaxies. This difference increases towards the centre of the galaxies’ host halos. Likely explanations are different treatments of environmental effects by the SAMs and different models of the initial mass function. We conclude that G3L provides a stringent test for models of galaxy formation and evolution.
Impact of FDG-PET on therapy management and outcome of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients with elevated thyroglobulin despite negative iodine scintigraphy
Authors: Backhaus Philipp , Vrachimis Alexis , Schleupner Marie Carolin , Riemann Burkhard , Schäfers Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAim The objective of this study was to assess the impact of implementing FDG-PET imaging in treatment algorithms for differentiated thyroid cancer with suspected recurrence. Primary end points were overall, event-free and disease-specific survival. Secondary end points were therapies, disease control and the sensitivity and specificity of PET imaging.Methods 194 patients with DTC treated at our center from 1996 to 2014 following thyroidectomy and routine 131I ablation with no remaining 131I uptake in whole-body scans but persisting or rising thyroglobulin values were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Of these, 149 (76.8 %) received an 18F-FDG scan (PET group) whereas the remaining 45 patients (23.2 %) did not (non-PET group). Survival, disease-specific characteristics at inclusion, disease control and therapies were compared.Results Patients of the PET group generally showed characteristics associated with higher disease activity from inclusion onwards. This did not translate to statistically significant differences in survival. If PET imaging was performed following inclusion, patients received significantly less radioiodine treatments during the first nine months after inclusion (63.1 % of the PET-group vs 82.2 % of the non-PET group). Simultaneously, patients tended to receive more surgeries following PET imaging (27.5 % PET-group vs 13.3 % non-PET group). No significant differences regarding disease control were observed.Conclusion The early use of FDG-PET imaging in cases of suspected recurrence or existence of dedifferentiated DTC can lead to changes in therapy management, specifically identifying patients unlikely to benefit from additional radioiodine therapy who would instead qualify for surgical therapy methods.
Oxidation of Alkynes via Catalytic Metal-Vinylidenes
Authors: Saá Carlos , Varela Jesús A. , Álvarez-Pérez Andrea 
Published: June 2020

Metal-vinylidenes, generated by treatment of terminal alkynes with transition metals, are very useful intermediates in modern synthetic chemistry as shown by the high number of transformations in which they are involved. When a metal-vinylidene is generated in the presence of an oxidant, its immediate oxidation to a ketene occurs. In this short review, recent synthetic applications of the oxidation of alkynes via ketene intermediates from initially formed metal-vinylidenes­ are highlighted.1	Introduction2	Oxidation of Metal-Vinylidenes with Internal Oxidants3	Oxidation of Metal-Vinylidenes with External Oxidants4	Conclusions
Agreement of Measurement between Arterial and Venous Electrolyte Levels in Neonates in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Doddamani Parveen , Kasapura Shivashankar Kusuma , Chikkavaddaragudi Ramachandra Shobha , Aman Insha , Maduvanahalli Nataraj Suma 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Context Venous or arterial blood is used for the estimation of electrolytes in neonates in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In addition to the measurement of blood gases and bicarbonate in the arterial blood, arterial blood gas analysis also estimates electrolytes thus circumventing the need to collect a venous sample for electrolytes. The literature survey revealed studies comparing the electrolyte levels in arterial and venous blood in adults and older children, but to our knowledge none were found in neonates, hence the study.
Aims The aim of the study is to compare the electrolytes in arterial and venous samples in neonates in a critical care set up and derive in-house prediction equation to correlate the arterial and venous electrolytes.
Settings and Design Hospital-based, retrospective cross-sectional study done in critically ill neonates.
Materials and Methods All the newborns (age ≤28 days) admitted in NICU from July 2016 to June 2018 were selected for the study and data collected with the help of Hospital Information System.
Statistical Analysis MedCalc and NCSS 12 (trial version) software was used. Deming Regression and Bland Altman analysis were performed.
Results A strong positive correlation between the arterial and venous blood electrolytes observed. An in-house prediction equation was derived for the venous electrolytes. Deming regression analysis showed that only potassium levels are statistically equivalent between the instruments and the sample type. Bland Altman Analysis between the arterial and venous electrolytes showed a mean difference which was well within the accepted Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment guidelines.
Conclusion The electrolyte levels estimated by arterial blood in neonates can be used in an interchangeable manner only for potassium levels, whereas sodium and chloride estimation necessitates one to be cautious.
The Use of an Intraoperative Skeletal Traction Device for Delayed Reduction in Pelvic Fractures in Two Dogs
Authors: Bourbos Alexandros , Cinti Filippo , Sergiampietri Fabiana , Pisani Guido 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTwo large-breed dogs underwent delayed surgical repair of pelvic fractures with the aid of a skeletal traction device. Distraction and reduction in the fractures using the skeletal traction device were monitored by direct visualization and intraoperative fluoroscopy. Postoperative radiographs revealed good to near-anatomical bone reduction and fracture alignment without narrowing of the pelvic canal. Both dogs had complete functional recovery with no evidence of neurological deficits. The use of a skeletal traction device should be considered for reduction and fixation of delayed pelvic fractures.