bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ABCA3 deficiency from birth to adulthood presenting as paediatric interstitial lung disease
Authors: Cho Jin‐Gun , Thakkar Devesh , Buchanan Peter , Graf Nicole , Wheatley John 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPaediatric disorders of pulmonary surfactant may occur due to mutations involving surfactant proteins B and C, and ATP‐binding cassette subfamily A member 3 (ABCA3) genes. Recessive frameshift or nonsense ABCA3 mutations are associated with respiratory failure and neonatal death but milder phenotypes of ABCA3 deficiency due to missense, splice site, and insertion/deletions may result in survival beyond infancy. To date, only one case report describes the clinical course from birth to age 21 years and there are less than 10 adult cases. No guidelines exist for medical therapy due to the rarity of this condition. We describe the clinical course of a patient over 39 years and her younger brother who were both diagnosed at birth with an unspecified paediatric interstitial lung disease (ILD) and were eventually diagnosed with ABCA3 mutation in their adulthood. Our report highlights the minimal progression of the ABCA3‐related ILD without long‐term medications, but the development of dyspnoea due to progressive pulmonary hypertension and airflow obstruction.
Polyaniline Nanovesicles for Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Photothermal‐Chemo Synergistic Therapy in the Second Near‐Infrared Window
Authors: Zhang Ya , Wang Yingjie , Yang Xueqin , Yang Qinglai , Li Juan , Tan Weihong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhotoacoustic imaging‐guided photothermal therapy in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window shows promise for clinical deep‐penetrating tumor phototheranostics. However, ideal photothermal agents in the NIR‐II window are still rare. Here, the emeraldine salt of polyaniline (PANI‐ES), especially synthesized by a one‐pot enzymatic reaction on sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) vesicle surface (PANI‐ES@AOT, λmax ≈ 1000 nm), exhibits excellent dispersion in physiological environment and remarkable photothermal ability at pH 6.5 (photothermal conversion efficiency of 43.9%). As a consequence of the enhanced permeability and retention effect of tumors and the doping‐induced photothermal effect of PANI‐ES@AOT, this pH‐sensitive NIR‐II photothermal agent allows tumor acidity phototheranostics with minimized pseudosignal readout and subdued normal tissue damage. Moreover, the enhanced fluidity of vesicle membrane triggered by heating is beneficial for drug release and allows precise synergistic therapy for an improved therapeutic effect. This study highlights the potential of template‐oriented (or interface‐confined) enzymatic polymerization reactions for the construction of conjugated polymers with desired biomedical applications.
True Meaning of Pseudocapacitors and Their Performance Metrics: Asymmetric versus Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Chodankar Nilesh R. , Pham Hong Duc , Nanjundan Ashok Kumar , Fernando Joseph F. S. , Jayaramulu Kolleboyina , Golberg Dmitri , Han Young‐Kyu , Dubal Deepak P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe development of pseudocapacitive materials for energy‐oriented applications has stimulated considerable interest in recent years due to their high energy‐storing capacity with high power outputs. Nevertheless, the utilization of nanosized active materials in batteries leads to fast redox kinetics due to the improved surface area and short diffusion pathways, which shifts their electrochemical signatures from battery‐like to the pseudocapacitive‐like behavior. As a result, it becomes challenging to distinguish “pseudocapacitive” and “battery” materials. Such misconceptions have further impacted on the final device configurations. This Review is an earnest effort to clarify the confusion between the battery and pseudocapacitive materials by providing their true meanings and correct performance metrics. A method to distinguish battery‐type and pseudocapacitive materials using the electrochemical signatures and quantitative kinetics analysis is outlined. Taking solid‐state supercapacitors (SSCs, only polymer gel electrolytes) as an example, the distinction between asymmetric and hybrid supercapacitors is discussed. The state‐of‐the‐art progress in the engineering of active materials is summarized, which will guide for the development of real‐pseudocapacitive energy storage systems.
Controlling the Speed of Light‐Activated Colloids with a Constant, Uniform Magnetic Field
Authors: Landry Brad , Girgis Victoria , Gibbs John G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is demonstrated how the strength of activation for photocatalytic, self‐propelled colloids can be enhanced with a constant, uniform magnetic field. When exposed to ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide, the titanium dioxide‐based colloids become actively propelled. Due to the iron oxide core, a uniform field oriented perpendicular to the surface where motion takes place causes the asymmetrically shaped particles to rotate, which consequently leads to an increase in activity. The field‐dependent dynamics of self‐propulsion is quantified, and a qualitative description of how this effect arises is proposed. Since the application of the field is easily reversible, modulating the field on‐and‐off serves as a de facto “switch” that controls particle behavior.
Using software metrics for predicting vulnerable classes and methods in Java projects: A machine learning approach
Authors: Sultana Kazi Zakia , Anu Vaibhav , Chong Tai‐Yin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract[Context]A software vulnerability becomes harmful for software when an attacker successfully exploits the insecure code and reveals the vulnerability. A single vulnerability in code can put the entire software at risk. Therefore, maintaining software security throughout the software life cycle is an important and at the same time challenging task for development teams. This can also leave the door open for vulnerable code being evolved during successive releases. In recent years, researchers have used software metrics‐based vulnerability prediction approaches to detect vulnerable code early and ensure secure code releases. Software metrics have been employed to predict vulnerability specifically in C/C++ and Java‐based systems. However, the prediction performance of metrics at different granularity levels (class level or method level) has not been analyzed. In this paper, we focused on metrics that are specific to lower granularity levels (Java classes and methods). Based on statistical analysis, we first identified a set of class‐level metrics and a set of method‐level metrics and then employed them as features in machine learning techniques to predict vulnerable classes and methods, respectively. This paper describes a comparative study on how our selected metrics perform at different granularity levels. Such a comparative study can help the developers in choosing the appropriate metrics (at the desired level of granularity). [Objective] The goal of this research is to propose a set of metrics at two lower granularity levels and provide evidence for their usefulness during vulnerability prediction (which will help in maintaining secure code and ensure secure software evolution). [Method] For four Java‐based open source systems (including two releases of Apache Tomcat), we designed and conducted experiments based on statistical tests to propose a set of software metrics that can be used for predicting vulnerable code components (i.e., vulnerable classes and methods). Next, we used our identified metrics as features to train supervised machine learning algorithms to classify Java code as vulnerable or non‐vulnerable. [Result] Our study has successfully identified a set of class‐level metrics and a second set of method‐level metrics that can be useful from a vulnerability prediction standpoint. We achieved recall higher than 70% and precision higher than 75% in vulnerability prediction using our identified class‐level metrics as features of machine learning. Furthermore, method‐level metrics showed recall higher than 65% and precision higher than 80%.
Effect of coarse‐aggregate shape on strength of hydraulic concrete
Authors: Huang Yaoying , Ding Yu , Xie Tong , Fei Dawei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractShape is an important physical property of aggregates. However, the large amount of work required to measure with precision the size of coarse aggregate and the lack of relevant tests obscure how the shape of the coarse aggregate affects the strength of concrete. In this work, granite coarse aggregate was first divided into flaky stone and massive stone by manual screening. Next, the coarse aggregate was selected at random for size and volume measurements to obtain and analyze the aggregate shape parameters such as sphericity and flatness. Based on the selected aggregate, three aggregate combinations were designed according to the content of flaky stone. Finally, we measured the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of hydraulic concrete (7, 28, and 60 days) with water‐binder ratios of 0.33, 0.41, and 0.5. The results show that the three aggregates clearly differ in shape, and the measured compressive strengths and splitting tensile strengths of the concrete with water‐binder ratios of 0.41 and 0.5 are similar. However, the compressive strength of the concrete with water‐binder ratio of 0.33 is significantly correlated with the three selected aggregate combinations.
Seismic performance assessment of steel frames with shape‐memory alloy wire‐based dampers
Authors: Falahian Afsaneh , Asadi Payam , Riahi Hossein Tajmir , Haghy Mahsa 
Published: August 2020

SummarySteel braces reduce the interstory drifts of steel structures under earthquake excitations; however, severe earthquakes could still cause some notable residual drifts in the structures. The reduction of these residual drifts decreases post‐earthquake retrofitting costs. This study investigates the seismic performance of steel frames equipped with a proposed self‐centering damper, using shape‐memory alloy (SMA) wires. For this purpose, incremental dynamic analyses are carried out on the steel frames of 3, 7, and 12 stories with self‐centering dampers of different capacities. The results of cyclic tests validate damper numerical modeling. The results indicate that the proposed damper limits the residual drifts. Also, fragility curves illustrate that the damper reduces the exceedance probabilities of limit states associated with residual story drift. The comparison among three design cases demonstrates that the most appropriate capacity for SMA dampers happens when it obtains the average capacity value required for equality between damper stiffness and strength and braces stiffness and strength, respectively. This particular design will eventually lead to the most efficient scenario in cases of performance and cost.
Petrochemical wastewater and produced water: Treatment technology and resource recovery
Authors: Wei Xinchao , Kazemi Mohammad , Zhang Shicheng , Wolfe Frederick A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPetrochemical wastewater and produced water from oil and gas operations typically contain an array of organic and inorganic contaminants. The complexity of the wastewater, stringent environmental regulations, and the need for sustainable solutions have driven many research efforts in studying and developing advanced technology or combined treatment processes. On the other hand, the wastewater itself can be resources for water, energy, and other valuable product if appropriate technology is developed to recover them in a cost‐effective fashion. The research advances in wastewater treatment and resource recovery technology are reviewed and summarized. For petrochemical wastewater, progresses were made in advanced oxidation, biological processes, and recovery of energy and water from wastewater. For produced water, many efforts were focused on membrane processes, combined systems, and biological treatment.Practitioner points

Significant progress continued to be made on petrochemical wastewater and produced water treatment.

Recent technological advances in various treatment processes were summarized.

Technologies focusing on resource recovery (e.g., water or energy) were presented.
Minding morality: ethical artificial societies for public policy modeling
Authors: Diallo Saikou Y. , Shults F. LeRon , Wildman Wesley J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPublic policies are designed to have an impact on particular societies, yet policy-oriented computer models and simulations often focus more on articulating the policies to be applied than on realistically rendering the cultural dynamics of the target society. This approach can lead to policy assessments that ignore crucial social contextual factors. For example, by leaving out distinctive moral and normative dimensions of cultural contexts in artificial societies, estimations of downstream policy effectiveness fail to account for dynamics that are fundamental in human life and central to many public policy challenges. In this paper, we supply evidence that incorporating morally salient dimensions of a culture is critically important for producing relevant and accurate evaluations of social policy when using multi-agent artificial intelligence models and simulations.
Coexpression of CMTM6 and PD-L1 as a predictor of poor prognosis in macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Li-Li , Zhang Shi-Wen , Chao Xue , Wang Chun-Hua , Yang Xia , Zhang Xin-Ke , Wen Yan-lin , Yun Jing-Ping , Luo Rong-Zhen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe “macrotrabecular-massive” (MTM) pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been suggested to represent a distinct HCC subtype and is associated with specific molecular features. Since the immune microenvironment is heterogenous in HCC, it is important to evaluate the immune microenvironment of this novel variant. CMTM6, a key regulator of PD-L1, is an important immunocheckpoint inhibitor. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic effect of CMTM6/PD-L1 coexpression and its relationship with inflammatory cells in HCC. We analyzed 619 HCC patients and tumors were classified into MTM and non-MTM HCC subtypes. The expression levels of CMTM6 and PD-L1 in tumor and inflammatory cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The density of inflammatory cells in the cancer cell nest was calculated. Tumoral PD-L1 expression and inflammatory cell density were higher in the MTM type than in the non-MTM type. CMTM6-high expression was significantly associated with shorter OS and DFS than CMTM6-low expression in the whole HCC patient population and the MTM HCC patient population. Moreover, MTM HCC patients with CMTM6/PD-L1 coexpression experienced a higher risk of HCC progression and death. In addition, CMTM6/PD-L1 coexpression was shown to be related to a high density of inflammatory cells. Notably, a new immune classification, based on CMTM6/PD-L1 coexpression and inflammatory cells, successfully stratified OS and DFS in MTM HCC. CMTM6/PD-L1 coexpression has an adverse effect on the prognosis of HCC patients, especially MTM HCC patients. Our study provides evidence for the combination of immune status assessment with anti-CMTM6 and anti-PD-L1 therapy in MTM HCC patients.
Presence of purpura is related to active inflammation in association with IL-5 in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Kataoka Hiroshi , Tomita Tomoko , Kondo Makoto , Mukai Masaya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a relatively rare necrotizing vasculitis that causes asthma, nasal involvement, peripheral nerve disturbance, renal disorder, and cutaneous lesions like purpura and is characterized by eosinophil infiltration into the damaged tissue. Purpura is the most common cutaneous lesion, but it remains unknown whether this skin lesion is associated with disease activity of EGPA and laboratory data including interleukin (IL)-5, a target cytokine of this disease. We conducted a search of our hospital electronic records for cases of EGPA from the last 10 years. Symptoms related to EGPA (fever, asthma, nasal and cutaneous manifestations, neuropathy), the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS), and laboratory parameters, such as eosinophil count, urinalysis, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), CRP, IgE and IL-5, before and during treatment were compared among the eligible cases. A total of 28 EGPA patients (21 females and 7 males) were selected. Almost all developed peripheral neuropathy. Fever occurred in 25%, nasal symptoms in 38.1% and purpura in 44%. Glomerulonephritis developed in 7.7%. One patient had cardiac involvement (3.6%). The laboratory data showed a marked increase in peripheral eosinophil count, CRP, serum IgE and serum IL-5. ANCA was positive in 15.4%. In the univariate analysis, presence of purpura was associated with increased CRP and IL-5, and high BVAS score. Multivariate analysis revealed a robust relationship between purpura and CRP. Our findings showed that presence of purpura was associated with increased CRP and IL-5, and high disease activity in EGPA.
Chitin of Araneae origin: structural features and biomimetic applications: a review
Authors: Machałowski Tomasz , Amemiya Chris , Jesionowski Teofil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLarge scale isolation of chitin traditionally has been carried out from fungal biomass as well as from seafood processing wastes, e.g., from shrimp, crab and lobster exoskeletons. Despite the relative abundance and ready availability of these materials, isolation of chitin requires great deal of chemical reagents and is time consuming. Obtained in this way chitin is produced in the form of powders, whiskers, and flakes. In this review, we have focused on the moulting cuticles of spiders as an alternative source of naturally occurring chitin. The comparatively high chitin content in the moults allows for rapid preparation of structures that maintain their original shape and integrity, such as the chitinous tubes from leg exoskeletons. Based on our latest scientific analyses regarding spider chitin, we highlight here its advantages and its biomimetic applications in tissue engineering, catalysis and environmental science.
Two-Coloring Triples such that in Each Color Class Every Element is Missed at Least Once
Authors: Keszegh Balázs 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe give a characterization of finite sets of triples of elements (e.g., positive integers) that can be colored with two colors such that for every element i in each color class there exists a triple which does not contain i. We give a linear (in the number of triples) time algorithm to decide if such a coloring exists and find one if it does. We also consider generalizations of this result and an application to a matching problem, which motivated this study. Finally, we show how these results translate to results about colorings of hypergraphs in which the degree of every vertex is k less than the number of hyperedges.
Babylonian astronomy: a new understanding of column Φ
Authors: Brack-Bernsen Lis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe most discussed and mysterious column within the Babylonian astronomy is column Φ. It is closely connected to the lunar velocity and to the duration of the Saros. This paper presents new ideas for the development and interpretation of column Φ. It combines the excellent Goal-Year method (for the prediction of Lunar Six time intervals) with old ideas and practices from the “schematic astronomy”. Inspired by the old “TU11” rule for prediction of times of lunar eclipses, it proposes that column Φ, in a similar way, used the sum of the Lunar Four to predict times of lunar eclipses as well as the duration of one, 6, and 12 months by means of what usually is called “R–S” schemes. It also explains fully the structure and development of such schemes, a fact that strongly supports the new interpretation of column Φ.
Enhancement of oxidation of dimethyl ether through application of zirconia matrix for immobilization of noble metal catalytic nanoparticles
Authors: Rutkowska Iwona A. , Sek Jakub P. , Zelenay Piotr , Kulesza Pawel J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElectrocatalytic activity of Pt and bimetallic PtRu nanoparticles (both Vulcan supported and unsupported) toward electrooxidation of dimethyl ether (DME), a potential small organic molecule fuel, in an acid medium (0.5 mol dm−3 H2SO4) has been significantly enhanced by dispersing them over a thin film of zirconia (ZrO2). The enhancement effects concern increases of the DME electrocatalytic current densities recorded under both cyclic voltammetric and chronoamperometric conditions. Similar effects have been observed for the oxidation of methanol. Regarding the dissimilar DME electrooxidation mechanisms at Pt and PtRu catalytic centers, the activating capabilities of zirconia seem to originate from the high population of reactive –OH groups favoring mobility of protons and the capability of inducing the oxidative removal of poisoning (CO-type) intermediates both at platinum and ruthenium catalytic sites. In the presence of the zirconia matrix, the onset potential for the oxidation of DME (particularly at PtRu) is shifted more than 50 mV toward less positive potentials. Mutual metal-support interactions are also postulated.
Animal-Mediated Ecosystem Process Rates in Forests and Grasslands are Affected by Climatic Conditions and Land-Use Intensity
Authors: Ambarlı Didem , Simons Nadja K. , Wehner Katja , Kämper Wiebke , Gossner Martin M. , Nauss Thomas , Neff Felix , Seibold Sebastian , Weisser Wolfgang , Blüthgen Nico 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDecomposition, vegetation regeneration, and biological control are essential ecosystem functions, and animals are involved in the underlying processes, such as dung removal, seed removal, herbivory, and predation. Despite evidence for declines of animal diversity and abundance due to climate change and land-use intensification, we poorly understand how animal-mediated processes respond to these global change drivers. We experimentally measured rates of four ecosystem processes in 134 grassland and 149 forest plots in Germany and tested their response to climatic conditions and land-use intensity, that is, grazing, mowing, and fertilization in grasslands and the proportion of harvested wood, non-natural trees, and deadwood origin in forests. For both climate and land use, we distinguished between short-term effects during the survey period and medium-term effects during the preceding years. Forests had significantly higher process rates than grasslands. In grasslands, the climatic effects on the process rates were similar or stronger than land-use effects, except for predation; land-use intensity negatively affected several process rates. In forests, the land-use effects were more pronounced than the climatic effects on all processes except for predation. The proportion of non-natural trees had the greatest impact on the process rates in forests. The proportion of harvested wood had negative effects, whereas the proportion of anthropogenic deadwood had positive effects on some processes. The effects of climatic conditions and land-use intensity on process rates mirror climatic and habitat effects on animal abundance, activity, and resource quality. Our study demonstrates that land-use changes and interventions affecting climatic conditions will have substantial impacts on animal-mediated ecosystem processes.