bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality matters: how reflecting on the utility value of mathematics affects future teachers’ interest
Authors: Liebendörfer Michael , Schukajlow Stanislaw 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInterest is a key motivational variable in higher mathematics education, yet there is a lack of theory-based interventions that are designed to increase interest. On the basis of the expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation, we investigated how reflecting on the utility value of mathematics affects interest. The current research was aimed at identifying effects and key characteristics of interest-fostering reflections. In a randomized controlled trial, N = 58 German preservice teachers were asked either to reflect on the utility value of mathematics or write a mathematical text. Interest was measured before and after the intervention. Unlike findings from prior studies, the path analysis did not reveal any effect of these reflections on interest. However, the quality of the reflections predicted future interest in addition to prior interest, indicating possible benefits of utility-value interventions. To better understand the underlying relation between reflections and interest, we performed an in-depth analysis of the quality of students’ reflections and presented characteristics of interest-fostering reflections.
Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine retinal safety concerns during COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Nicolò Massimo , Ferro Desideri Lorenzo , Bassetti Matteo , Traverso Carlo Enrico 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared by the World Health Organization a global pandemic. Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been largely adopted in the clinical setting for the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, their known retinal toxicity has raised some safety concerns, especially considering the higher-dosage employed for COVID-19 patients as compared with their suggested posology for their usual indications, including systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatic diseases.
In this review, we will discuss the optimal dosages recommended for COVID-19 patients when treated with HCQ and CQ.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase and Scopus, by using the following search terms: "chloroquine retinal toxicity" and "hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity" alone or in combination with "coronavirus", "COVID-19", " SARS-CoV-2 infection " from inception to August 2020.

Results
Although there is still no consistent evidence about HCQ/CQ retinal toxicity in patients with COVID-19, these possible drug-related retinal adverse events may represent a major safety concern. For this reason, appropriate screening strategies, including telemedicine, should be developed in the near future.

Conclusion
A possible future clinical perspective for patients with COVID-19 treated with HCQ/CQ could reside in the multidisciplinary collaboration between ophthalmologists monitoring the risk of HCQ/CQ-related retinal toxicity and those physicians treating COVID-19 infection.
Total Variation and Mean Curvature PDEs on the Homogeneous Space of Positions and Orientations
Authors: Smets Bart M. N. , Portegies Jim , St-Onge Etienne , Duits Remco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTwo key ideas have greatly improved techniques for image enhancement and denoising: the lifting of image data to multi-orientation distributions and the application of nonlinear PDEs such as total variation flow (TVF) and mean curvature flow (MCF). These two ideas were recently combined by Chambolle and Pock (for TVF) and Citti et al. (for MCF) for two-dimensional images. In this work, we extend their approach to enhance and denoise images of arbitrary dimension, creating a unified geometric and algorithmic PDE framework, relying on (sub-)Riemannian geometry. In particular, we follow a different numerical approach, for which we prove convergence in the case of TVF by an application of Brezis–Komura gradient flow theory. Our framework also allows for additional data adaptation through the use of locally adaptive frames and coherence enhancement techniques. We apply TVF and MCF to the enhancement and denoising of elongated structures in 2D images via orientation scores and compare the results to Perona–Malik diffusion and BM3D. We also demonstrate our techniques in 3D in the denoising and enhancement of crossing fiber bundles in DW-MRI. In comparison with data-driven diffusions, we see a better preservation of bundle boundaries and angular sharpness in fiber orientation densities at crossings.
Facile synthesis of cubic cuprous oxide for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide
Authors: Zeng Juqin , Castellino Micaela , Bejtka Katarzyna , Sacco Adriano , Di Martino Gaia , Farkhondehfal M. Amin , Chiodoni Angelica , Hernández Simelys , Pirri Candido F. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
High level of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is considered one of the main causes of global warming. Electrochemical conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels has promising potential to be implemented into practical and sustainable devices. In order to efficiently realize this strategy, one of the biggest efforts has been focused on the design of catalysts which are inexpensive, active and selective and can be produced through green and up-scalable routes. In this work, copper-based materials are simply synthesized via microwave-assisted process and carefully characterized by physical/chemical/electrochemical techniques. Nanoparticle with a cupric oxide (CuO) surface as well as various cuprous oxide (Cu2O) cubes with different sizes is obtained and used for the CO2 reduction reaction. It is observed that the Cu2O-derived electrodes show enhanced activity and carbon monoxide (CO) selectivity compared to the CuO-derived one. Among various Cu2O catalysts, the one with the smallest cubes leads to the best CO selectivity of the electrode, attributed to a higher electrochemically active surface area. Under applied potentials, all Cu2O cubes undergo structural and morphological modification, even though the cubic shape is retained. The nanoclusters formed during the material evolution offer abundant and active reaction sites, leading to the high performance of the Cu2O-derived electrodes.

Graphic abstract
The Impact of a Brief Home-Based Intervention on Families with a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mullan Audrey , Boyd Kerry , McConkey Roy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA brief intervention is described and evaluated that aimed to build and strengthen relationships for families of children diagnosed with ASD aged 12 and under. A particular focus was on socially disadvantaged parents. Parents were offered around five home visits which took place on weekdays during working hours; each lasting around 90 min. They were given individualised practical tools and support to manage their children’s behaviours alongside providing a listening ear to parents’ concerns. In all, 456 children and 427 families participated over a four-year period with a take-up rate of 87% of all referrals. The drop-out rate was low (4.5%) as was the proportion of missed and cancelled appointments. Parents’ satisfaction ratings were high and most found the number of sessions provided was ‘just right’. Children improved in their personal care, had less difficulty with change, showed less anger and had fewer meltdowns. Parents reported being less stressed, not feeling so down and managing their child better. The evaluations suggested that a brief home-based intervention is a viable and effective means of providing personalized, post-diagnostic support to parents at periodic intervals, although socially disadvantaged families may require additional assistance beyond managing their child’s ASD. The project also highlighted broader issues that impede effective support for families.
Does Losing on a Previous Betting Day Predict How Long it Takes to Return to the Next Session of Online Horse Race Betting?
Authors: Kainulainen Tuomo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study examined how recent losses predict the frequency of play in online betting. Previous studies have suggested that players tend to decrease betting volume and consequently take on less risk after a losing session. We used a daily panel of actual gambling data and survival regression to investigate how incurring losses predicts the duration to the next betting day. Our main findings were that, after a losing betting day, a bettor typically abstained from betting for a 27% longer time than after a day he or she broke even. Further, we found that either untypically high wins or loses significantly predicted the amount of time to the next gambling event. This study adds to the gambling literature by presenting evidence on a reduction in betting activity following a losing session.
Spatial analysis for an evaluation of monitoring networks: examples from the Italian seismic and accelerometric networks
Authors: Siino Marianna , Scudero Salvatore , Greco Luca , D’Alessandro Antonino 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, we propose a statistical approach to evaluate the coverage of a network based on the spatial distribution of its nodes and the target information, including all those data related to the final objectives of the network itself. This statistical approach encompasses descriptive spatial statistics in combination with point pattern techniques. As case studies, we evaluate the spatial arrangements of the stations within the Italian National Seismic Network and the Italian Strong Motion Network. Seismic networks are essential tools for observing earthquakes and assessing seismic hazards, while strong motion (accelerometric) networks allow us to describe seismic shaking and to measure the expected effects on buildings and infrastructures. The capability of both networks is a function of an adequate number of optimally distributed stations. We compare the seismic network with the spatial distributions of historical and instrument seismicity and with the distribution of well-known seismogenic sources, and we compare the strong motion station distribution with seismic hazard maps and the population distribution. This simple and reliable methodological approach is able to provide quantitative information on the coverage of any type of network and is able to identify critical areas that require optimization and therefore address areas of future development.
There is no dilemma for conceptual engineering. Reply to Max Deutsch
Authors: Koch Steffen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMax Deutsch (in: Philosophical studies, online-first. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-020-01416-z, 2020) has recently argued that conceptual engineering is stuck in a dilemma. If it is construed as the activity of revising the semantic meanings of existing terms, then it faces an unsurmountable implementation problem. If, on the other hand, it is construed as the activity of introducing new technical terms, then it becomes trivial. According to Deutsch, this conclusion need not worry us, however, for conceptual engineering is ill-motivated to begin with. This paper responds to Deutsch by arguing, first, that there is a third construal of conceptual engineering, neglected by him, which renders it both implementable and non-trivial, and second, that even the more ambitious project of changing semantic meanings is no less feasible than other normative projects we currently pursue. Lastly, the value of conceptual engineering is defended against Deutsch’s objections.
The cultural evolution of mind-modelling
Authors: Moore Richard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractI argue that uniquely human forms of ‘Theory of Mind’ (or ‘ToM’) are a product of cultural evolution. Specifically, propositional attitude psychology is a linguistically constructed folk model of the human mind, invented by our ancestors for a range of tasks and refined over successive generations of users. The construction of these folk models gave humans new tools for thinking and reasoning about mental states—and so imbued us with abilities not shared by non-linguistic species. I also argue that uniquely human forms of ToM are not required for language development, such that an account of the cultural origins of ToM does not jeopardise the explanation of language development. Finally, I sketch a historical model of the cultural evolution of mental state talk.
Stranded investment associated with rapid energy system changes under the mid-century strategy in Japan
Authors: Oshiro Ken , Fujimori Shinichiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractJapan’s mid-century strategy to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 80% by 2050 requires rapid energy system changes, which may lead to stranded assets in fossil fuel-related infrastructure. Existing studies have shown that massive stranding of assets in the energy supply side is possible; few studies have involved economy-wide stranded asset analysis. In this study, we estimated stranded investments in both the energy supply and demand sectors in Japan in the context of near-term goals for 2030 and the mid-century strategy. To this end, multiple emission scenarios for Japan were assessed based on various emission reduction targets for 2030 and 2050. The results show that stranded investments in the energy supply sectors occur mainly in coal power plants without carbon capture and storage (CCS), especially in scenarios without enhanced near-term mitigation targets. Increases of stranded investment in demand sectors were observed primarily under stringent mitigation scenarios, which exceed the 80% reduction target. In particular, investment for oil and gas heating systems in the buildings sector may be stranded at levels up to $20 billion US between 2021 and 2050. We further simulated a scenario incorporating a subsidy for devices that do not use fossil fuels as a sector-specific policy; this reduced the amount of stranded investment in the buildings sector. We confirmed the benefit of enhancing near-term mitigation targets to avoid generating stranded investments. These findings support the importance of inclusive energy and climate policy design involving not only pricing of carbon emissions but also complementary cross-sector economy-wide policies.
Characterization of Phase Transformations During Graded Thermo-Mechanical Processing of Press-Hardening Sheet Steel 22MnB5
Authors: Reitz A. , Grydin O. , Schaper M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Safety-relevant components in automobiles require materials that combine high strength with sufficient residual ductility and high-energy absorption. A graded thermo-mechanical treatment of the press-hardening steel 22MnB5 with graded microstructure can provide a material with such properties. Different austenitization temperatures, cooling and forming conditions within a sheet part lead to the development of microstructures with mixed phase compositions. To determine the resulting phase contents in such graded processed parts, a large number of dilatometric tests are usually required. With a non-contact characterization method, it is possible to detect local phase transformations on an inhomogeneously treated flat steel specimen. For press-hardening steel after heat treatment and thermo-mechanical processing, correlations between austenitization temperature, hot deformation strain, microstructure, and hardness are established.
Safety of Single Stage Revision Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Compared to Laparoscopic Roux-Y Gastric Bypass after Failed Gastric Banding
Authors: Janik Michał , Ibikunle Christopher , Khan Ahad , Aryaie Amir H. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Reoperation, after failed gastric banding, is a controversial topic. A common approach is band removal with conversion to laparoscopic Roux-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in a single-step procedure.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the safety of revisional surgery to LSG compared to LRYGB after failed laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) based on MBSAQIP Participant User File from 2015 to 2018.

Methods
Patients who underwent a one-stage conversion of LAGB to LSG (Conv-LSG) or LRYGB (Conv-LRYGB) were identified in the MBSAQIP PUF from 2015 to 2017. Conv-LRYGB cases were matched (1:1) with Conv-LSG patients using propensity scoring to control for potential confounding. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality.

Results
A total of 9974 patients (4987 matched pairs) were included in the study. Conv-LRYGB, as compared with conv-SG, was associated with a similar risk of mortality (0.02% vs. 0.06%; relative risk [RR], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03 to 3.20, p = 0.32). Conversion to LRYGB increased the risk for readmission (6.16% vs. 3.77%; RR, 1.63; 95%CI, 1.37 to 1.94, p < 0.01); reoperation (2.15% vs. 1.36%; RR, 1.57; 95%CI, 1.17 to 2.12, p = <0.01); leak (1.76% vs. 1.02%; RR, 1.57; 95%CI, 1.72 to 2.42, p < 0.01); and bleeding (1.66% vs. 1.00%; RR, 1.66; 95%CI, 1.7 to 2.34, p < 0.01).

Conclusions
The study shows that single-stage LRYGB and LSG as revisional surgery after gastric banding, are safe in the 30-day observation with an acceptable complication rate and low mortality. However, conversion to LRYGB increased the risk of perioperative complications.
Developing an all-round combustion kinetics model for nonspherical waste-derived solid fuels
Authors: Szűcs Tibor , Szentannai Pál 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe utilization of challenging solid fuels in the energy industry (especially the ones derived from wastes) has a big priority nowadays, as it is a valid option to keep the recent EU directive related to the decrease of landfills. However, there are serious technical challenges, connecting to the lack of knowledge about the behavior of these fuels in the combustion chamber. This paper discusses the specific aspects of developing particle models concerning the combustion of these non-conventional fuels. A new modeling approach is presented, using which it is possible to develop an all-round particle model that includes every significant influencing process. Moreover, it does not have any restrictions regarding the shape, size and the origin of the particle. As an integral component of this model, the distinctive aspects of intrinsic reaction kinetics related to waste fuels are presented as well.
Rogue device discrimination in ZigBee networks using wavelet transform and autoencoders
Authors: Haji Bagheri Fard Mohammad Amin , Chouinard Jean-Yves , Lebel Bernard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn modern wireless systems such as ZigBee, sensitive information which is produced by the network is transmitted through different wired or wireless nodes. Providing the requisites of communication between diverse communication system types, such as mobiles, laptops, and desktop computers, does increase the risk of being attacked by outside nodes. Malicious (or unintentional) threats, such as trying to obtain unauthorized accessibility to the network, increase the requirements of data security against the rogue devices trying to tamper with the identity of authorized devices. In such manner, focusing on Radio Frequency Distinct Native Attributes (RF-DNA) of features extracted from physical layer responses (referred to as preambles) of ZigBee devices, a dataset of distinguishable features of all devices can be produced which can be exploited for the detection and rejection of spoofing/rogue devices. Through this procedure, distinction of devices manufactured by the different/same producer(s) can be realized resulting in an improvement of classification system accuracy. The two most challenging problems in initiating RF-DNA are (1) the mechanism of features extraction in the generation of a dataset in the most effective way for model classification and (2) the design of an efficient model for device discrimination of spoofing/rogue devices. In this paper, we analyze the physical layer features of ZigBee devices and present methods based on deep learning algorithms to achieve high classification accuracy, based on wavelet decomposition and on the autoencoder representation of the original dataset.
Operationalizing ecosystem service bundles for strategic sustainability planning: A participatory approach
Authors: Malmborg Katja , Enfors-Kautsky Elin , Queiroz Cibele , Norström Albert , Schultz Lisen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ecosystem service concept is recognized as a useful tool to support sustainability in decision-making. In this study, we collaborated with actors in the Helge å catchment, southern Sweden, in an iterative participatory ecosystem service assessment. Through workshops and interviews, we jointly decided which ecosystem services to assess and indicators to use in order to achieve a sense of ownership and a higher legitimacy of the assessment. Subsequently, we explored the landscape-level interactions between the 15 assessed services, and found that the area can be described using three distinct ecosystem service bundles. The iterative, participatory process strengthened our analysis and created a shared understanding and overview of the multifunctional landscape around Helge å among participants. Importantly, this allowed for the generated knowledge to impact local strategic sustainability planning. With this study, we illustrate how similar processes can support local decision-making for a more sustainable future.
Exploration into the opinions of patients with HIV, healthcare professionals and the lay public of the use of microneedles in clinical practice: highlighting the translational potential for their role in HIV infection
Authors: Moffatt Kurtis , Quinn Caoimhe , McCague Paul J. , Donnelly Ryan F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPoor adherence to oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains an important challenge in the treatment of HIV. Microneedles (MN) potentially could offer a non-invasive long-acting (LA) delivery approach, avoiding the need for daily dosing of ART. However, this claim has yet to be explored amongst its potential end-users. The aim of this mixed methods study was to investigate the perspectives from various end-users surrounding the translation of MN technology to general clinical practice, with a particular focus on delivery of ART. Quantitative postal questionnaires were distributed amongst healthcare professionals (HCPs) and the lay public (LP). A total of 208 responses were obtained (HCP, 69; LP, 139), with a completion rate of 34.7%. The consensus on MN technology was positive from both demographics (HCP, 97.1%; LP, 98.6%), with further strong support of postulated MN use within HIV (HCP, 97.1%; LP, 98.6%). Qualitative focus groups were employed to investigate in-depth, the perspectives of 12 patients with HIV. Again, consensus on MN technology was positive, highlighting benefits pertinent to HIV, including discreet self-application and potential sustained release thus avoiding daily oral ART and associated side effects. Patient concerns focused on the need for varied MN dosing schedules and a reluctance to change from established ART. The findings of this study provide an initial indication of MN acceptability, particularly for use within HIV, from various end-user demographics. Furthermore, concerns raised advocate the importance of continued translational research in this area and should act as motivators for those in MN development to ensure a patient-centred MN product is delivered.