bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Genome Data Model (cGDM) provides Interactive Clinical Decision Support for Precision Medicine
Authors: Kim Hyo Jung , Kim Hyeong Joon , Park Yoomi , Lee Woo Seung , Lim Younggyun , Kim Ju Han 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn light of recent developments in genomic technology and the rapid accumulation of genomic information, a major transition toward precision medicine is anticipated. However, the clinical applications of genomic information remain limited. This lag can be attributed to several complex factors, including the knowledge gap between medical experts and bioinformaticians, the distance between bioinformatics workflows and clinical practice, and the unique characteristics of genomic data, which can make interpretation difficult. Here we present a novel genomic data model that allows for more interactive support in clinical decision-making. Informational modelling was used as a basis to design a communication scheme between sophisticated bioinformatics predictions and the representative data relevant to a clinical decision. This study was conducted by a multidisciplinary working group who carried out clinico-genomic workflow analysis and attribute extraction, through Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Based on those results, a clinical genome data model (cGDM) was developed with 8 entities and 46 attributes. The cGDM integrates reliability-related factors that enable clinicians to access the reliability problem of each individual genetic test result as clinical evidence. The proposed cGDM provides a data-layer infrastructure supporting the intellectual interplay between medical experts and informed decision-making.
Increased circulating galectin-1 levels are associated with the progression of kidney function decline in patients undergoing coronary angiography
Authors: Kuo Chin-Sung , Chou Ruey-Hsing , Lu Ya-Wen , Tsai Yi-Lin , Huang Po-Hsun , Lin Shing-Jong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGalectin-1 modulates acute and chronic inflammation, and is associated with glucose homeostasis and chronic renal disease. Whether the serum galectin-1 level can predict short-term and long-term renal outcomes after contrast exposure in patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the serum galectin-1 level and the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), and to investigate the predictive role of the circulating galectin-1 level for renal function decline in patients undergoing CAG. In total, 798 patients who had undergone CAG were enrolled. Baseline creatinine and serum galectin-1 levels were determined before CAG. CIN was defined as an increase in the serum creatinine level of 0.5 mg/dl or a 25% increase from baseline within 48 h after the procedure, and renal function decline was defined as > 30% reduction of the estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline. All patients were followed for at least 1 year or until the occurrence of death after CAG. Overall, CIN occurred in 41 (5.1%) patients. During a median follow-up period of 1.4 ± 1.1 years, 80 (10.0%) cases showed subsequent renal function decline. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, kidney function, traditional risk factors, and medications, higher galectin-1 levels were found to be associated independently with a greater risk of renal function decline [tertile 2: hazard ratio (HR) 5.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.79–17.22; tertile 3: HR 5.56, 95% CI 1.97–16.32], but not with CIN, regardless of the presence of diabetes. In conclusion, higher baseline serum galectin-1 levels were associated with a greater risk of renal function decline in patients undergoing CAG, but were not associated independently with CIN.
Combining deep learning with token selection for patient phenotyping from electronic health records
Authors: Yang Zhen , Dehmer Matthias , Yli-Harja Olli , Emmert-Streib Frank 
Published: January 2020

AbstractArtificial intelligence provides the opportunity to reveal important information buried in large amounts of complex data. Electronic health records (eHRs) are a source of such big data that provide a multitude of health related clinical information about patients. However, text data from eHRs, e.g., discharge summary notes, are challenging in their analysis because these notes are free-form texts and the writing formats and styles vary considerably between different records. For this reason, in this paper we study deep learning neural networks in combination with natural language processing to analyze text data from clinical discharge summaries. We provide a detail analysis of patient phenotyping, i.e., the automatic prediction of ten patient disorders, by investigating the influence of network architectures, sample sizes and information content of tokens. Importantly, for patients suffering from Chronic Pain, the disorder that is the most difficult one to classify, we find the largest performance gain for a combined word- and sentence-level input convolutional neural network (ws-CNN). As a general result, we find that the combination of data quality and data quantity of the text data is playing a crucial role for using more complex network architectures that improve significantly beyond a word-level input CNN model. From our investigations of learning curves and token selection mechanisms, we conclude that for such a transition one requires larger sample sizes because the amount of information per sample is quite small and only carried by few tokens and token categories. Interestingly, we found that the token frequency in the eHRs follow a Zipf law and we utilized this behavior to investigate the information content of tokens by defining a token selection mechanism. The latter addresses also issues of explainable AI.
Cell type, sub-region, and layer-specific speed representation in the hippocampal–entorhinal circuit
Authors: Iwase Motosada , Kitanishi Takuma , Mizuseki Kenji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt has been hypothesised that speed information, encoded by ‘speed cells’, is important for updating spatial representation in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex to reflect ongoing self-movement during locomotion. However, systematic characterisation of speed representation is still lacking. In this study, we compared the speed representation of distinct cell types across sub-regions/layers in the dorsal hippocampus and medial entorhinal cortex of rats during exploration. Our results indicate that the preferred theta phases of individual neurons are correlated with positive/negative speed modulation and a temporal shift of speed representation in a sub-region/layer and cell type-dependent manner. Most speed cells located in entorhinal cortex layer 2 represented speed prospectively, whereas those in the CA1 and entorhinal cortex layers 3 and 5 represented speed retrospectively. In entorhinal cortex layer 2, putative CA1-projecting pyramidal cells, but not putative dentate gyrus/CA3-projecting stellate cells, represented speed prospectively. Among the hippocampal interneurons, approximately one-third of putative dendrite-targeting (somatostatin-expressing) interneurons, but only a negligible fraction of putative soma-targeting (parvalbumin-expressing) interneurons, showed negative speed modulation. Putative parvalbumin-expressing CA1 interneurons and somatostatin-expressing CA3 interneurons represented speed more retrospectively than parvalbumin-expressing CA3 interneurons. These findings indicate that speed representation in the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit is cell-type, pathway, and theta-phase dependent.
Insulin-independent stimulation of skeletal muscle glucose uptake by low-dose abscisic acid via AMPK activation
Authors: Magnone Mirko , Emionite Laura , Guida Lucrezia , Vigliarolo Tiziana , Sturla Laura , Spinelli Sonia , Buschiazzo Ambra , Marini Cecilia , Sambuceti Gianmario , De Flora Antonio , Orengo Anna Maria , Cossu Vanessa , Ferrando Sara , Barbieri Ottavia , Zocchi Elena 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone active also in mammals where it regulates, at nanomolar concentrations, blood glucose homeostasis. Here we investigated the mechanism through which low-dose ABA controls glycemia and glucose fate. ABA stimulated uptake of the fluorescent glucose analog 2-NBDG by L6, and of [18F]-deoxy-glucose (FDG) by mouse skeletal muscle, in the absence of insulin, and both effects were abrogated by the specific AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin. In L6, incubation with ABA increased phosphorylation of AMPK and upregulated PGC-1α expression. LANCL2 silencing reduced all these ABA-induced effects.In vivo, low-dose oral ABA stimulated glucose uptake and storage in the skeletal muscle of rats undergoing an oral glucose load, as detected by micro-PET. Chronic treatment with ABA significantly improved the AUC of glycemia and muscle glycogen content in CD1 mice exposed to a high-glucose diet. Finally, both acute and chronic ABA treatment of hypoinsulinemic TRPM2-/-mice ameliorated the glycemia profile and increased muscle glycogen storage. Altogether, these results suggest that low-dose oral ABA might be beneficial for pre-diabetic and diabetic subjects by increasing insulin-independent skeletal muscle glucose disposal through an AMPK-mediated mechanism.
Associations between untraditional risk factors, pneumonia/lung cancer, and hospital fatality among hypertensive men in Guangzhou downtown
Authors: Shen Yuechun , Chen Yuelin , Huang Zheng , Huang Junyao , Li Xinchun , Tian Zuojun , Li Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMortality of primary hypertension is high worldwide. Whether untraditional factors exist in modern life and affect the mortality is not well studied. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk factors for fatality rate of hypertensive men in downtown area. A cross-sectional study was performed on hypertensive men, who were hospitalized into our hospital and lived in eligible urban areas. The characteristics of the patients and factors for the fatality were analyzed and of the risks or the contributors on the status were investigated. 14354 patients were identified. Mean age was 68.9 ± 12.4 year old (y) and dead ones was 75.9 ± 9.5 y. The overall hospitalized fatality was 5.9%, which was increased with age: fatality with 0.7%, 2.2%, 2.9%, 7.1%, 11.1% and 16.6% was for age group ≦ 49 y, 50–59 y, 60–69 y, 70–79 y, 80–89 y and ≧ 90 y respectively. The increased fatality was significantly positively correlated with the incidence of pneumonia, P < 0.05, r = 0.99. Pneumonia was prone to involve in men with older age and severer organ damage by hypertension. Similar to traditional risks such as coronary heart disease and stroke, pneumonia and lung cancer were also significantly associated with the fatality. Odds ratio (95% CI) for pneumonia and lung cancer were 6.18 (4.35–8.78) and 1.55 (1.14–2.11). The study provides evidence that pneumonia and lung cancer are highly associated with fatality of hypertensive men in downtown area, indicating that in order to reduce the fatality of hypertension, these lung diseases should be prevented and treated intensively in modern life.
Optimisation of monolithic nanocomposite and transparent ceramic scintillation detectors for positron emission tomography
Authors: Wilson Keenan J. , Alabd Roumani , Abolhasan Mehran , Safavi-Naeini Mitra , Franklin Daniel R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHigh-resolution arrays of discrete monocrystalline scintillators used for gamma photon coincidence detection in PET are costly and complex to fabricate, and exhibit intrinsically non-uniform sensitivity with respect to emission angle. Nanocomposites and transparent ceramics are two alternative classes of scintillator materials which can be formed into large monolithic structures, and which, when coupled to optical photodetector arrays, may offer a pathway to low cost, high-sensitivity, high-resolution PET. However, due to their high optical attenuation and scattering relative to monocrystalline scintillators, these materials exhibit an inherent trade-off between detection sensitivity and the number of scintillation photons which reach the optical photodetectors. In this work, a method for optimising scintillator thickness to maximise the probability of locating the point of interaction of 511 keV photons in a monolithic scintillator within a specified error bound is proposed and evaluated for five nanocomposite materials (LaBr3:Ce-polystyrene, Gd2O3-polyvinyl toluene, LaF3:Ce-polystyrene, LaF3:Ce-oleic acid and YAG:Ce-polystyrene) and four ceramics (GAGG:Ce, GLuGAG:Ce, GYGAG:Ce and LuAG:Pr). LaF3:Ce-polystyrene and GLuGAG:Ce were the best-performing nanocomposite and ceramic materials, respectively, with maximum sensitivities of 48.8% and 67.8% for 5 mm localisation accuracy with scintillator thicknesses of 42.6 mm and 27.5 mm, respectively.
Cost-effectiveness of transplanting lungs and kidneys from donors with potential hepatitis C exposure or infection
Authors: Scott Nick , Snell Greg , Westall Glen , Pilcher David , Raggatt Michelle , Walker Rowan G. , Hellard Margaret , Peleg Anton Y. , Doyle Joseph 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOrgan transplant guidelines in many settings recommend that people with potential hepatitis C virus (HCV) exposure or infection are deemed ineligible to donate. The recent availability of highly-effective treatments for HCV means that this may no longer be necessary. We used a mathematical model to estimate the expected difference in healthcare costs, difference in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and cost-effectiveness of removing HCV restrictions for lung and kidney donations in Australia. Our model suggests that allowing organ donations from people who inject drugs, people with a history of incarceration and people who are HCV antibody-positive could lead to an estimated 10% increase in organ supply, population-level improvements in health (reduction in DALYs), and on average save AU$2,399 (95%CI AU$1,155-3,352) and AU$2,611 (95%CI AU$1,835-3,869) per person requiring a lung and kidney transplant respectively. These findings are likely to hold for international settings, since this policy change remained cost saving with positive health gains regardless of HCV prevalence, HCV treatment cost and waiting list survival probabilities. This study suggests that guidelines on organ donation should be revisited in light of recent changes to clinical outcomes for people with HCV.
Isolation and identification of two pairs of cytotoxic diterpene tautomers and their tautomerization mechanisms
Authors: Dai Li-Ping , Li Xiao-Fei , Feng Qing-Mei , Zhang Ling-Xia , Liu Qiu-Yan , Xu Er-Ping , Wu Hong , Wang Zhi-Min 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDiscovering anticancer drugs that do not have adverse side effects has been a developing research field worldwide in recent decades. In this work, four previously undescribed cytotoxic diterpenoids were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon excisoides. Interestingly, these four diterpenoids were two pairs of tautomers that were first reported in plants. Their structures were further elucidated using various spectroscopic methods. The tautomerization phenomenon and mechanism for these two pairs of tautomers were emphatically described. The theoretical simulation results indicated that the diterpene tautomerization is greatly related to certain factors, including the existence of a transition state, the change of bond length and the level of conversion energy; the tautomerization for the two pairs of tautomers is mainly caused by proton transfer. For bioassays, the cytotoxicities of the tautomers against five human cancer cell lines were also investigated. The results indicated that each of the four diterpenoids showed significant cytotoxicity in at least three cell lines and could serve as potential anticancer agents for further investigation.
Depressive symptoms are associated with social isolation in face-to-face interaction networks
Authors: Elmer Timon , Stadtfeld Christoph 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIndividuals with depressive symptoms are more likely to be isolated in their social networks, which can further increase their symptoms. Although social interactions are an important aspect of individuals’ social lives, little is known about how depressive symptoms affect behavioral patterns in social interaction networks. This article analyzes the effect of depressive symptoms on social interactions in two empirical settings (Ntotal = 123, Ndyadic relations = 2,454) of students spending a weekend together in a remote camp house. We measured social interactions between participants with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) nametags. Prior to the weekend, participants were surveyed on their depressive symptoms and friendship ties. Using state-of-the-art social network analysis methods, we test four preregistered hypotheses. Our results indicate that depressive symptoms are associated with (1) spending less time in social interaction, (2) spending time with similarly depressed others, (3) spending time in pair-wise interactions rather than group interactions but not with (4) spending relatively less time with friends. By “zooming in” on face-to-face social interaction networks, these findings offer new insights into the social consequences of depressive symptoms.
The Prevalence of Dystonic Tremor and Tremor Associated with Dystonia in Patients with Cervical Dystonia
Authors: Hvizdošová Lenka , Nevrlý Martin , Otruba Pavel , Hluštík Petr , Kaňovský Petr , Zapletalová Jana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe link between dystonia and tremor has been known for decades, but the question of whether they are two separate illnesses or just different manifestations of one disease with the same pathophysiological background remains unanswered. We distinguish two types of tremor in dystonia: dystonic tremor (DT), which appears on the body part affected by dystonia, and tremor associated with dystonia (TAWD), which appears in locations where the dystonia does not occur. In this study, the frequency of occurrence of different forms of tremor was determined by clinical examination in a group of adult-onset isolated cervical dystonia (CD) patients treated with regular local injections of botulinum toxin A in our department. In total, 120 patients were included in the study, of which 70 (58.3%) had DT of the head. TAWD was, in all 14 cases (11.7%), observed on the upper limbs, in the form of static or intentional tremor. The aim of this study was to point out the presence of TAWD as one of the clinical signs of CD. DT occurred in more than half of the patients and appears to be a relatively common part of the clinical picture in patients with CD.
Blood pressure estimation based on pulse rate variation in a certain period
Authors: Hayase Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAvailability of daily continuous blood pressure (DCBP) has a strong impact to realization of healthy society. However, existing methods to obtain blood pressure of cuff type and cuff-less types utilizing correlation with pulse waveform, pulse transit time or pulse rate; or computation of circulation model are not suitable to obtain DCBP. Here we implemented a method based on a simple circulatory system model using pulse rate measurement to overcome the limitations, and showed that it provides appropriate estimation of DCBP. The present model consists of a circulatory dynamic system model and an inverse model of a circulatory control system with input of pulse rate and six model parameters representing standard pulse rate, elasticity of systemic arteries, peripheral vascular resistance, and characteristics of resistance and stroke volume control. Validity of the DCBP estimation method was examined by preliminary experiment for one subject in four days and that for four subjects in one day. DCBP estimation was performed with 24-hour pulse rate measurement by a wearable device and sphygmomanometer measurement for parameter determination and verification. Mean absolute errors in systolic/diastolic pressures were appropriate ones for preliminary experiments with 9.4/6.4 mmHg in four days and 7.3/5.9 mmHg in five subjects.
A compression transmission device for the evaluation of bonding strength of biocompatible microfluidic and biochip materials and systems
Authors: Kratz S. R. A. , Bachmann B. , Spitz S. , Höll G. , Eilenberger C. , Goeritz H. , Ertl P. , Rothbauer M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBonding of a variety of inorganic and organic polymers as multi-layered structures is one of the main challenges for biochip production even to date, since the chemical nature of these materials often does not allow easy and straight forward bonding and proper sealing. After selection of an appropriate method to bond the chosen materials to form a complex biochip, function and stability of bonding either requires qualitative burst tests or expensive mechanical multi-test stations, that often do not have the right adaptors to clamp biochip slides without destruction. Therefore, we have developed a simple and inexpensive bonding test based on 3D printed transmission elements that translate compressive forces via manual compression, hand press or hydraulic press compression into shear and tensile force. Mechanical stress simulations showed that design of the bonding geometry and size must be considered for bonding tests since the stress distribution thus bonding strength heavily varies with size but also with geometry. We demonstrate the broad applicability of our 3D printed bonding test system by testing the most frequent bonding strategies in combination with the respective most frequently used biochip material in a force-to-failure study. All evaluated materials are biocompatible and used in cell-based biochip devices. This study is evaluating state-of-the-art bonding approaches used for sealing of microfluidic biochips including adhesive bonding, plasma bonding, solvent bonding as well as bonding mediated by amino-silane monolayers or even functional thiol-ene epoxy biochip materials that obviate intermediate adhesive layers.