bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biogeochemical attenuation of nitrate in a sandy subterranean estuary: Insights from two stable isotope approaches
Authors: Wong Wei Wen , Applegate Andrew , Poh Seng Chee , Cook Perran L. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe role of permeable sediments and subterranean estuaries as coastal nutrient filters is a question of key interest, particularly in areas with high nitrogen loadings. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of a sandy subterranean estuary in cycling and removing nitrate using stable isotopes of N and O at natural (δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3−) and enriched levels (15N). Isotopes were used in conjunction with flow through reactors under anoxic conditions to quantify (1) the overall enrichment factor (15ε) of nitrate removal processes which was then applied to estimate the in situ percentage of nitrate removal within the subterranean estuary and (2) the potential rates of denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, and anammox. We found that 15ε varied between −24 and −34‰ and were positively correlated with nitrate concentrations and the percentage of organic carbon added to the sediments. Using these 15ε values in a Rayleigh distillation model resulted in an estimated average of 34% ± 14% nitrate removal within the subterranean estuary, less than half of the percentage estimated using the nitrate‐salinity mixing model (66% ± 28%). Denitrification was the most dominant nitrate removal pathway within the subterranean estuary with potential rates among the highest denitrification rates reported for both permeable and cohesive sediments. The contribution of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium showed significant seasonal variation while the rates of anammox were consistent throughout the study. We suggest that the spatial shift of the subterranean estuary is the most likely explanation for the seasonal differences in the rates of denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium.
Synthesis of Passerini‐3CR Polymers and Assembly into Cytocompatible Polymersomes
Authors: Travanut Alessandra , Monteiro Patrícia F. , Oelmann Stefan , Howdle Steven M. , Grabowska Anna M. , Clarke Philip A. , Ritchie Alison A. , Meier Michael A. R. , Alexander Cameron 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe versatility of the Passerini three component reaction (Passerini‐3CR) is herein exploited for the synthesis of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer, which self‐assembles into polymersomes. Carboxy‐functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether is reacted with AB‐type bifunctional monomers and tert‐butyl isocyanide in a single process via Passerini‐3CR. The resultant diblock copolymer (P1) is obtained in good yield and molar mass dispersity and is well tolerated in model cell lines. The Passerini‐3CR versatility and reproducibility are shown by the synthesis of P2, P3, and P4 copolymers. The ability of the Passerini P1 polymersomes to incorporate hydrophilic molecules is verified by loading doxorubicin hydrochloride in P1DOX polymersomes. The flexibility of the synthesis is further demonstrated by simple post‐functionalization with a dye, Cyanine‐5 (Cy5). The obtained P1‐Cy5 polymersomes rapidly internalize in 2D cell monolayers and penetrate deep into 3D spheroids of MDA‐MB‐231 triple‐negative breast cancer cells. P1‐Cy5 polymersomes injected systemically in healthy mice are well tolerated and no visible adverse effects are seen under the conditions tested. These data demonstrate that new, biodegradable, biocompatible polymersomes having properties suitable for future use in drug delivery can be easily synthesized by the Passerini‐3CR.
Microstructure and fatigue performance of friction stir welded joints of 2A12‐T4 and 7075‐T6 dissimilar aluminum alloy
Authors: Zhang D.F. , Tang Q.Y. , Wei T.H. , Lin Y.H. , Chen X.W. , Xia J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe objective of this work is to investigate the microstructure and fatigue performance of friction stir welding joint of 2A12‐T4 and 7075‐T6 dissimilar aluminum alloy. Microstructure shows that the grain growth of heat‐affected zone in both sides of joint is noticeable; the grain size of thermo‐mechanically affected zone in both sides of joint is deformed and distorted in various degrees; nugget zone is fine equiaxed grain with uniform distribution. Microhardness of joint presents an approximate “W” types distribution on the whole, and the highest hardness value of the joint appears near the center of nugget zone, up to 146.5 HV0.2. Since the joint has the higher the fatigue strength ratio, and the S−N curve of the joint shows a smaller downward trend, the joint has the best fatigue performance and 7075‐T6 base metal has the worst fatigue performance. Linear fitting of 7075‐T6 base metal is
; linear fitting of 2A12‐T4 base metal is
; linear fitting of joint is
. The fracture analysis presents that the low‐cycle fatigue fracture mechanism of welding joint is quasi‐cleavage fracture, and the main mode of high cycle fatigue fracture is the inter crystalline fracture, mixed with ductile fracture.
Effect of friction stir welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA 6063‐T6 aluminum alloy
Authors: Ozan S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, AA 6063‐T6 alloy plates were joined via friction stir welding using three different pin geometries (i. e., helical threaded, pentagonal and triangular) under various process parameters of tool rotational speed and welding speed. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the various welded joints were investigated. Macro‐structural observations revealed that kissing bonds occurred in the welded joints due to fractured oxide layers. X‐ray diffraction analysis indicated that the stir zones of the welded joints exhibited phases of Al8Fe2Si, Al5FeSi, and Mg2Si. In the welded joints, processed using a helical threaded pin, no tunnel‐type defect was detected to occur; specimens were fractured outside of the joint region during tensile tests, indicating that the kissing bonds formed in the stir zones did not cause any deterioration in tensile strength or ductility. The welded joints processed using a helical threaded, pentagonal and triangular pin at 500 min−1 tool rotational speed and 80 mm min−1 welding speed exhibited a ductile deformation behavior along with a tensile strength in the range of 153 MPa to 155 MPa.
Texture evolution during inclined cold rolling of used non‐oriented silicon steel
Authors: Song S. , Liu T. , Hu M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith the objective of optimizing the texture components and exploring a method to improve the magnetic properties of used silicon steel, the methods of one inclined rolling and two inclined rolling were applied. The result shows: the new Goss grains were nucleated except at {111} deformed grains, and also formed at the grain boundary between two deformed grains with {113} orientation, and at grains boundaries between {113} and {100} deformed grain. The grain size after one inclined rolling (57 %) was larger and more homogeneous than the grain size after the two inclined rolling. Although with different cold rolling methods (one and two inclined rolling), the resulted annealing textures all had similar features. The difference was the relative intensities between the main texture. A significant feature of one inclined rolling was the intensification of the η‐fiber and the Goss texture component and the weakening of γ‐fiber. At an inclination angle of 60°, a significantly strong Goss texture was produced, which was highest among all samples, and the maximum volume fraction of {110}+{100} texture can also be obtained. One inclined rolling can better improve the magnetic properties of used silicon steel (B50), and the magnetic induction is between 1.712 T and 1.742 T. The highest magnetic induction of 1.742 T can be obtained by one inclined rolling (at an inclination angle of 60°).
Performance improvements of aluminum foam with different solder compositions via liquid diffusion welding
Authors: Yao C. , Hu Z.F. , Ren C.X. , Feng Y.Q. , Mo F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAluminum foam joints were fabricated via liquid diffusion welding with zinc‐aluminum alloy solder aided with ultrasonic vibration at 520 °C. Zinc‐aluminum alloys with different compositions (10 % aluminum, 20 % aluminum, 30 % aluminum) were used as solder material. The control group was fabricated under the same conditions but without ultrasonic assistance. The microstructure of aluminum foam joints was analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Among the different soldering alloys, those with the zinc‐20aluminum solder had the widest diffusion area and the most continuous interface. The tensile strength of metallurgic alloy joined aluminum foams was tested. Zn20Al samples had the best performance among all samples, including the low‐density substrate aluminum foam (0.3 g/cm3 and 0.4 g/cm3), but it still showed a lower performance than the high‐density substrate aluminum foam (0.6 g/cm3). Therefore, ultrasonic vibration remarkably improved the tensile strength and impact toughness of joints. Samples with ultrasonic assistance had better tensile strength and impact toughness than high‐density substrate aluminum.
Effect of graphene oxide content on morphology and topography of polysulfone‐based mixed matrix membrane for permeability and selectivity of carbon dioxide and methane
Authors: Karimi A. , Rajabi M. , Zahedi P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, mixed matrix membranes based on polysulfone containing different contents of graphene oxide were prepared using a phase inversion process. The morphological, and structural properties as well as surface features of the samples were investigated by means of field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, infrared and x‐ray diffraction spectroscopies, as well as atomic force microscopy. The gas permeation/selectivity behavior of graphene oxide‐loaded polysulfone samples was studied using pure carbon dioxide, and methane. Morphological images depicted that the addition of graphene oxide to polysulfone in the presence of isopropyl alcohol as non‐solvent was reduced the numbers of finger‐like macro‐voids, and caused to the formation of teardrop‐like structures. Besides the x‐ray patterns and Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the graphene oxide nano‐plates and polysulfone with no chemical interactions, the atomic force microscopic patterns demonstrated a decrease in the average roughness of samples’ surface from 21.85 nm for plain polysulfone membrane to 5.02 nm for ones containing 2 weight percentages of graphene oxide as the optimum sample. Finally, a significant enhancement for the selectivity of carbon dioxide/methane with the value of 38.08 has been observed by the sample which was approximately 22‐fold more than that of plain polysulfone.
Report of a germline double heterozygote in MSH2 and PALB2
Authors: Agiannitopoulos Konstantinos , Papadopoulou Eirini , Tsaousis Georgios N. , Pepe Georgia , Kampouri Stavroula , Patsea Eleni , Lypas George , Nasioulas George 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCarriers with pathogenic variants in MSH2 have increased risk to develop colorectal, endometrium, ovarian, and other types of cancer. The PALB2 is associated with breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. We describe the case of a 42‐year‐old female diagnosed with endometrial cancer at the age of 42 years with a strong family history of colorectal cancer, which was referred to our private diagnostic laboratory for genetic testing.MethodsIn this study, we performed next‐generation sequencing (NGS) using an amplicon based 26 genes panel. The presence of multi‐exonic copy number variations (CNVs) was investigated by computational analysis and Multiplex Ligation‐dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA).ResultsA gross deletion of the genomic region encompassing exons 11–16 of the MSH2 and the loss‐of‐function variant c.757_758delCT, p.(Leu253Ilefs*3) in the PALB2 were identified in the proband.ConclusionsMultigene analysis using NGS technology allows the identification of pathogenic variants in genes that would normally not be tested based on the patient diagnosis. In our case these results explained not only the personal and/or family history of cancer but also allowed the surveillance for prevention of other cancer types. Moreover, the detection of large genomic rearrangements should be routinely included in hereditary cancer testing.
Using Harvest Slot Limits to Promote Stock Recovery and Broaden Age Structure in Marine Recreational Fisheries: A Case Study
Authors: Kasper Jacob M. , Brust Jeffrey , Caskenette Amanda , McNamee Jason , Vokoun Jason C. , Schultz Eric T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Fish populations with broad age distributions are expected to have higher reproductive capacity than age-truncated populations because of the disproportionate contributions of older fish. Harvest slot limits, an expected means of ameliorating age truncation, are modeled for Tautog Tautoga onitis in an overfished population subunit that is experiencing overfishing. Tautog, currently managed with a 40-cm minimum size limit (MSL), is a candidate species for slots because it is relatively long-lived and slow-growing, with low discard mortality. We evaluated changes in biomass and abundance at age relative to management with the current MSL regulations using a forward population simulation model for four slots: 35–45 cm (small–wide), 38–42 cm (small–narrow), 40–50 cm (large–wide), and 43–47 cm (large-narrow), inclusive of lower and upper length limits. Angler behavioral responses were evaluated at 0, 10, and 20% noncompliance with the upper slot limit. The biomass and number of fish removed were reduced with harvest slot limit management relative to the MSL, but because the harvest was redirected to smaller fish the reduction in numbers removed was not as large as the reduction in biomass removed. Slot limits broadened the age structure within 10 years by reducing fishing mortality on extant fish. Median spawning stock biomass (SSB) recovered more quickly in three of the slots than with MSL regulation (3–6 years to reach SSB associated with a fishing mortality that yields 30% spawners per recruit as compared to 9 years with MSL management). We concluded that harvest slot limits can broaden age structure and restore biomass in overfished fisheries, but they should be evaluated when managing coastal fisheries as a reduction in biomass removed is required.
The roles of health literacy and social support in improving adherence to self‐care behaviours among older adults with heart failure
Authors: Jo Ahra , Ji Seo Eun , Son Youn‐Jung 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo describe the associations between health literacy, social support and self‐care behaviours in older adults with heart failure.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsA total of 252 older adults were recruited from a tertiary care hospital from September 2018–February 2019. Structured questionnaires and medical record reviews were used for data collection. Two steps of hierarchical regression analysis were employed to determine the predictors of self‐care behaviours.ResultsHealth literacy (β = 0.27, p < .001) and social support (β = 0.32, p < .001) were significant determinants of self‐care behaviours in older adults with heart failure. Together, they explained 22% of the variance in self‐care behaviours.ConclusionHealth literacy and perceived social support were positively associated with self‐care behaviours among older heart failure patients. Our findings can help health professionals develop heart failure self‐care interventions to enhance health literacy skills and social support for older adults.
Older persons and relatives’ experience of coordinated care planning via a video meeting
Authors: Hedqvist Ann‐Therese , Pennbrant Sandra , Karlsson Margareta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe study aimed to describe coordinated care planning via a video meeting from the perspective of older persons and their relatives.DesignA qualitative inductive research design was used to describe older persons and relatives’ experience of care planning via video meeting.MethodsEight unstructured interviews were conducted. Purposive sampling resulted in a sample of four older persons and four relatives. The material was analysed by qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe theme being excluded illustrates how the older persons and their relatives experienced care planning via a video meeting as lack of a personal relationship, meaninglessness and lack of participation. The older persons and their relatives had a feeling of being excluded and in an unfamiliar situation. Lack of information about the meeting's structure and content impaired their ability to prepare for it beforehand, which led to uncertainty.
Nursing experiences of COVID‐19 outbreak in Iran: A qualitative study
Authors: Kalateh Sadati Ahmad , Zarei Leila , Shahabi Saeed , Heydari Seyed Taghi , Taheri Vajihe , Jiriaei Razieh , Ebrahimzade Najme , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe global outbreak of coronavirus in 2020 was considered as a serious risk for healthcare providers, especially nurses. This study aimed to investigate nurses’ perceptions and experiences of COVID‐19 outbreak in Iran.DesignThis thematic analysis study was conducted in March 2020.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 24 nurses in Qazvin, Arak, Shiraz and Kashan cities of Iran.ResultsIt was found out that all the participants had faced a mysterious world created by the virus. No one had clear understanding of the new virus and knew how to tackle with such a virus. In this case, the main experiences were related to defected preparedness, the worst perceived risk, family protection, social stigma and sacrificial commitment. Urgent preparedness of facilities in such outbreaks is inevitable. Accordingly, psycho‐social support of nurses and their families and strengthening their sacrificial commitments are proposed in these conditions.
Electrochemiluminescence Mechanisms Investigated with Smartphone‐Based Sensor Data Modeling, Parameter Estimation and Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Rivera Elmer Ccopa , Summerscales Rodney L. , Tadi Uppala Padma P. , Kwon Hyun J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present study introduces a unified framework combining a mechanistic model with a genetic algorithm (GA) for the parameter estimation of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) kinetics of the Ru(bpy)32+/TPrA system occurring in a smartphone‐based sensor. The framework allows a straightforward solution for simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters which can be, otherwise, time‐consuming and lead to non‐convergence. Model parameters are estimated by achieving a high correlation between the model prediction and the measured ECL intensity from the ECL sensor. The developed model is used to perform a sensitivity analysis (SA), which provides quantitative effects of the model parameters on the concentrations of chemical species involved in the system. The results demonstrate that the GA‐based parameter estimation and the SA approaches are effective in analyzing the kinetics of the ECL mechanism. Therefore, these approaches can be incorporated as analysis tools in the ECL kinetics study with practical application in the calibration of mechanistic models for any required sensing condition.
Hydroxylated boron nitride nanotube‐reinforced polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite films with simultaneous improvement of mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Lu Xiaolong , Nautiyal Pranjal , Bustillos Jenniffer , Loganathan Archana , Zhang Cheng , Chen Yao , Boesl Benjamin , Agarwal Arvind 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStable dispersion of boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) in a solvent is a critical challenge that has restricted the development of potential applications. In this study, stable BNNT aqueous dispersions are obtained by direct tip sonication in water without any surfactant and organic solvent. BNNTs are functionalized with hydroxyl groups (OH) as a result of the tip sonication‐assisted hydrolysis. The energy from tip sonication results in the disentanglement of the as‐received BNNT clusters and partial B‐N bond cleavage to unzip nanotubes. Using the BNNT aqueous dispersion, a transparent, strong, and ductile OH‐BNNT‐reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) multifunctional nanocomposite film is prepared. Tensile fracture strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at failure of 1.0 wt% OH‐BNNT/PVA nanocomposite film increased by 46%, 55%, and 45%, respectively, in comparison with pure PVA film. The addition of a mere 1.0 wt% BNNT contributed to a significant (25%) improvement in thermal conductivity. Simultaneous improvement in mechanical and thermal properties is attributed to the superior intrinsic properties of homogenously dispersed BNNTs and strong interfacial interactions between OH‐BNNT and PVA chains.
Controllable Synthesis of Upconversion Nanophosphors toward Scale‐Up Productions
Authors: Jiao Yiran , Ling Chen , Wang Jie‐Xin , Amanico Honeyfer , Saczek Joshua , Wang Haoyu , Sridhar Sreepathy , Xu Ben Bin , Wang Steven , Wang Dan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUpconversion nanophosphors (UCNPs) are considered as an important synthesis arm within biomedical and energy sectors due to their unique optical characteristics, which can convert near‐infrared light into higher energy emissions. However, key challenges, cost, compatibility of the materials, etc. have to be taken into serious consideration to transform this in‐lab UCNPs technology into scale‐up production for wider commercial needs. This review highlights the fundamental concepts of synthetic approaches for UCNPs and recaps recent advances in terms of large‐scale production. A number of typical synthesis routes in both batch and continuous processes are reviewed, alongside their limitations and potential improvements when being considered for mass production. By discussing and exploiting the technical compacity for the potential synthetic trends, key challenges, and expectations of future synthesis methods for UCNPs are also outlined.
Particle Size of X‐ray Pumped UVC‐Emitting Nanoparticles Defines Intracellular Localization and Biological Activity Against Cancer Cells
Authors: Müller Matthias , Rahmanzadeh Ramtin , Tran Thao , Kappelhoff Jan , Akam Eman Aburieda , Caravan Peter , Jüstel Thomas , Held Kathryn D. , Anderson R. Rox , Purschke Martin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEffectiveness of radiation treatment for cancer is limited in hypoxic tumors. Previous data shows that UVC‐emitting nanoparticles enhance cytotoxicity of X‐ray irradiation in hypoxic tumor cells. This study examines the impact on cell killing, particle size, uptake into cells, incubation time, and UV emission intensity of LuPO4:Pr3+,Nd3+. A549 cells are treated with LuPO4:Pr3+,Nd3+ and X‐rays. The surviving fraction is evaluated using the colony formation assay after treatment of cells with different particle sizes (D50 = 0.16 and 5.05 µm) and after different incubation times before X‐ray irradiation. Nanoparticle uptake into cells is verified by transmission electron microscopy and quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The microparticles exhibit a five times higher emission intensity compared to nanoparticles. Both particle sizes show an increased cytotoxic effect after X‐ray excitation with prolonged incubation times. Surprisingly, the smaller nanoparticles show a significantly higher biological effect compared to the larger particles, despite their significantly lower UVC emission. Nanoparticles accumulate more quickly and closer to the nucleus than the microparticles, resulting in higher localized UVC emission and greater lethality. The results suggest that the number of intracellular particles and their proximity to the cell DNA is more important than the emission intensity of the particles.