bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of an improved artificial diet for the mass rearing of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Woods Michael J , Conlong Desmond E , Ngomane Nomalizo , Gillespie Denise Y , Hoffman Louwrens C , Pieterse Elsje 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study determined the nutrient requirements of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a serious sugarcane pest in South Africa, to develop a more efficient artificial diet for mass‐rearing purposes for sterile moth production. Diets tested consisted of a minimum specification (MS) diet representing a diet formulated according to the minimum specification of a summary of published diets, which yielded satisfactory results; an ideal amino acid profile (IAAP) diet, where amino acid composition was based on the profile of amino acids in the 2nd (IAAP2) and 5th/6th (IAAP5/6) instar larvae; and lastly two diets based on the nutrient composition of the natural diet of the insects, papyrus (PAP) and sugarcane (SC). Six treatments with 50 replications were randomly allotted to 300 25 mL plastic screw‐top vials. The diet (15 mL) was dispensed into each vial and inoculated with two freshly hatched larvae. Larvae, pupae, and moths were harvested at 28 days after inoculation. Overall survivability, pupal weight, sex ratio, and rate of development was determined and compared with the diet currently in use at the South African Sugarcane Research Institute (CON). Physical characteristics of the diets such as the pH and the water‐holding capacity of the diets were also determined.RESULTSThe natural diets (PAP and SC) were not viable as they did not yield any results. Survivability was significantly higher (78%) for the MS diet whilst IAAP2 and IAAP5/6 yielded the second highest survivability (74%) compared to CON (68%). There were no differences in male pupal weights between all treatment diets, as was the case for female pupae. Within dietary treatments, female pupae were heavier than male pupae for all treatment diets. CON (1.0: 1.6) produced significantly less male than female pupae with MS (1.0: 1.2), IAAP2 (1.0: 1.0) and IAAP5/6 (1.0: 1.1) all producing equal amounts of male and female pupae. The MS diet (16%) yielded fourfold the number of moths after 28 days compared to CON (4%) and IAAP2 (4%) diets. IAAP5/6 yielded no moths after 28 days. The life stages thus developed fastest in the MS diet. The pH of all treatment diets remained stable for the entire duration of the trial. No biological contamination was observed through all diets. Differences in water‐holding capacity were observed between most diets with PAP and SC losing the most moisture whilst the MS and IAAP2 diets retained the most moisture.CONCLUSIONThe MS diet most closely represented the nutrient requirements of E. saccharina, leading to its faster development on this formulation, which could be readily applied for large‐scale production of this lepidopteran pest as an aid in the mass rearing of sterile males as part of the integrated pest management plan. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Design of Potassium‐Selective Mixed Ion/Electron Conducting Polymers
Authors: Villarroel Marquez Ariana , Salinas Gerardo , Abarkan Myriam , Idir Maël , Brochon Cyril , Hadziioannou Georges , Raoux Matthieu , Kuhn Alexander , Lang Jochen , Cloutet Eric 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn approach providing cation‐selective poly‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT):polyelectrolyte‐mixed conductors is presented in this communication based on the structural modification of this ambivalent (ionic and electronic conductive) polymer complex. First, an 18‐crown‐6 moiety is integrated into the styrene sulfonate monomer structure as a specific metal cation scavenger particularly targeting K+ versus Na+ detection. This newly functionalized monomer is characterized by 1H NMR titration to evaluate the ion selectivity. Aqueous PEDOT dispersion inks containing the polymeric ion‐selective moieties are designed and their electrical and electrochemical properties analyzed. These biocompatible inks are the first proof‐of‐concept step towards ion selectivity in view of their interfacing with biological cells and microorgans of interest in the field of biosensors and physiology.
Long‐Term β‐galacto‐oligosaccharides Supplementation Decreases the Development of Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice Fed a Western‐Type Diet
Authors: Mistry Rima H. , Liu Fan , Borewicz Klaudyna , Lohuis Mirjam A. M. , Smidt Hauke , Verkade Henkjan J. , Tietge Uwe J. F. 
Published: May 2020

ScopeThe gut microbiota might critically modify metabolic disease development. Dietary fibers such as galacto‐oligosaccharides (GOS) presumably stimulate bacteria beneficial for metabolic health. This study assesses the impact of GOS on obesity, glucose, and lipid metabolism.Methods and resultsFollowing Western‐type diet feeding (C57BL/6 mice) with or without β‐GOS (7% w/w, 15 weeks), body composition, glucose and insulin tolerance, lipid profiles, fat kinetics and microbiota composition are analyzed. GOS reduces body weight gain (p < 0.01), accumulation of epididymal (p < 0.05), perirenal (p < 0.01) fat, and insulin resistance (p < 0.01). GOS‐fed mice have lower plasma cholesterol (p < 0.05), mainly within low‐density lipoproteins, lower intestinal fat absorption (p < 0.01), more fecal neutral sterol excretion (p < 0.05) and higher intestinal GLP‐1 expression (p < 0.01). Fecal bile acid excretion is lower (p < 0.01) in GOS‐fed mice with significant compositional differences, namely decreased cholic, α‐muricholic, and deoxycholic acid excretion, whereas hyodeoxycholic acid increased. Substantial changes in microbiota composition, conceivably beneficial for metabolic health, occurred upon GOS feeding.ConclusionGOS supplementation to a Western‐type diet improves body weight gain, dyslipidemia, and insulin sensitivity, supporting a therapeutic potential of GOS for individuals at risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
Microscopic susceptibility anisotropy imaging
Authors: Kaden Enrico , Gyori Noemi G. , Rudrapatna S. Umesh , Barskaya Irina Y. , Dragonu Iulius , Does Mark D. , Jones Derek K. , Clark Chris A. , Alexander Daniel C. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe gradient‐echo MR signal in brain white matter depends on the orientation of the fibers with respect to the external magnetic field. To map microstructure‐specific magnetic susceptibility in orientationally heterogeneous material, it is thus imperative to regress out unwanted orientation effects.MethodsThis work introduces a novel framework, referred to as microscopic susceptibility anisotropy imaging, that disentangles the 2 principal effects conflated in gradient‐echo measurements, (a) the susceptibility properties of tissue microenvironments, especially the myelin microstructure, and (b) the axon orientation distribution relative to the magnetic field. Specifically, we utilize information about the orientational tissue structure inferred from diffusion MRI data to factor out the
‐direction dependence of the frequency difference signal.ResultsA human pilot study at 3 T demonstrates proxy maps of microscopic susceptibility anisotropy unconfounded by fiber crossings and orientation dispersion as well as magnetic field direction. The developed technique requires only a dual‐echo gradient‐echo scan acquired at 1 or 2 head orientations with respect to the magnetic field and a 2‐shell diffusion protocol achievable on standard scanners within practical scan times.ConclusionsThe quantitative recovery of microscopic susceptibility features in the presence of orientational heterogeneity potentially improves the assessment of microstructural tissue integrity.
Thermo‐mechanical and mechanical behavior of hybrid isotactic polypropylene glass fiber reinforced composites (GFRC) modified with calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Authors: Barczewski Mateusz , Mysiukiewicz Olga , Andrzejewski Jacek , Matykiewicz Danuta , Medycki Dominik , Kloziński Arkadiusz , Skórczewska Katarzyna , Szostak Marek 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe study investigates the thermo‐mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) hybrid composites in reference to various amounts of particle‐ and fiber‐shaped inorganic fillers. Three grades of hybrid composites were prepared as a function of filler amount: 5, 10, and 20 wt% and different ratios of glass fiber (GF) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The main objective is to describe the relationship between the hybridization efficiency and mechanical performance of polypropylene‐based composites. The analysis of the thermo‐mechanical properties of the composites shows that both the total amount of the filler and the ratio of GF and CaCO3clearly influence the properties of the composites. Hybrid composites with the highest amount of the GF display improved thermo‐mechanical stability. The presence of well‐dispersed CaCO3in the composites was found to improve elongation at break and Vicat softening temperature values. Even though it is glass fiber, which shows higher filler effectiveness and visibly reinforces the composite samples, causing an increase in tensile strength or reinforcing efficiency, replacing up to 50% of this filler with calcium carbonate does not result in a considerable deterioration of the properties of the material.
How to overcome endosomal entrapment of cell‐penetrating peptides to release the therapeutic potential of peptides?
Authors: Nadal‐Bufí Ferran , Henriques Sónia Troeira 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPeptides gained a renascent interest as alternative pharmaceuticals, and in particular as anticancer drugs to inhibit intracellular proteins involved in cancer pathways, inaccessible to other pharmaceutical agents. However, the use of peptides as therapeutics is still limited by difficulties in reaching the protein target located in the cytosol. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are being explored as tools to deliver therapeutic peptides inside cells, but they often enter cells using endocytic pathways and become entrapped inside endosomes. Therefore, a strategy to unleash the potential of peptides as therapeutics is to control the release of CPPs from endosomes. In this review we summarize recent strategies employed to improve endosomal escape of CPPs. Lessons learned from these studies can guide the design of CPPs as tools to deliver peptide sequences able to inhibit cancer targets and accelerate their development as therapeutics.
Registration of oilseed sunflower maintainer germplasm HA 488, with resistance to the red sunflower seed weevil
Authors: DeGreef Michael G. , Prasifka Jarrad R. , Koehler Brady D. , Hulke Brent S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), as a native crop, has numerous insect pests that cause economic damage to producers in the United States. The red sunflower seed weevil is a notable seed‐infesting insect pest throughout the U.S. sunflower growing region that is controlled only by insecticides; therefore, growers would benefit from host‐plant resistance to help mitigate the economic costs associated with infestation. HA 488 (Reg. no. GP‐369, PI 691857) is a maintainer inbred germplasm developed by pedigree selection that provides resistance to the red sunflower seed weevil. HA 488 is as resistant to red sunflower seed weevil as the donor parent PI 431542, an open‐pollinated variety that was previously shown to be one of the most resistant sunflower varieties in a diversity panel. HA 488 was released by the USDA‐ARS, Fargo, ND, to fill the need for sources of host‐plant resistance to important insect pests.
Breaking the impasse: Towards a forward‐looking governance framework for gene editing with plants
Authors: Macnaghten Phil , Habets Michelle G.J.L. 
Published: May 2020

Societal Impact StatementThe debate in Europe over how to govern novel techniques of gene editing in plants is fast developing into an impasse with actors rapidly consolidating positions on either side of the debate. Such polemic is not good for science nor for public policy if we are to develop the kinds of socio‐technical innovations that are needed to harness socially resilient solutions to pressing global societal challenges, such as food security and climate change. We analyze how we arrived at this impasse and explore novel ways to move beyond it.SummaryIn this paper we examine the controversy surrounding the governance of gene editing in plants in Europe.First, we review social science scholarship, drawing lessons from the public controversy over GM crops and foods. Second, we describe the European policy debate on the gene editing of plants with a particular focus on how the debate is framed by dominant actors. Third, we review solutions other countries have sought, and in particular touch on a level‐based approval system that Norway is proposing, articulated recently in a Dutch Rathenau Instituut report. Fourth, we introduce frameworks of responsible innovation as a way of aligning innovation trajectories with articulations and negotiations of broader societal values.We find that the lessons from the GM debate have been inadequately learnt and that the struggle over whether or not to amend the current GMO Directive has had the effect of reinforcing established positions. As ways forward, we argue that the application of the Norwegian level‐based regulatory framework can help move the focus away from assessments on safety to a tiered assessment of socio‐economic considerations, and that a framework of responsible innovation can help transform the cultures and practices of research.We conclude by setting out some challenges for the plant science community to engage in responsible research and innovation, both to operate as an honest broker and to engage in early, constructive and on‐going public dialogue.
A General Strategy to Encapsulate Semiconducting Polymers within PEGylated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Optical Imaging and Drug Delivery
Authors: Lu Feng , Zhan Chen , Gong Yi , Tang Yufu , Xie Chen , Wang Qi , Wang Wenjun , Fan Quli , Huang Wei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough semiconducting polymers (SPs) have become an important category for optical imaging and phototherapy, their biomedical application is still facing a number of challenges. Herein, a cationic surfactant–assisted approach to encapsulate hydrophobic SPs within highly PEGylated mesoporous silica (mSiO2) nanoparticles with excellent colloidal stability and enhanced fluorescence in aqueous solution is reported. In comparison to the previously reported amphiphilic polymer coating and silification method, this universal strategy not only suppresses the formation of empty polymer micelles and free silica nanoparticles, but also provides high specific surface area for drug loading. As a proof of concept, furan‐containing diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based semiconducting polymers (PDFT) are coated with mesoporous silica and utilized for fluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared region (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) and drug delivery. In vivo blood vessel imaging and tumor imaging are achieved with high resolution (0.21 mm) and signal‐to‐background ratio (≈4.2). Additionally, pH‐responsive drug release and improved therapeutic effect are observed. By choosing desired SPs, different optical imaging and therapeutic modalities can also be achieved, thus the SP@mSiO2 nanostructures obtained here provide numerous opportunities for theranostic applications.
Bethe ansatz of electrons as a mean‐field wavefunction for chemical systems
Authors: Carrier Laurie , Fecteau Charles‐Émile , Johnson Paul A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEigenvectors of a Hamiltonian solvable by a Bethe ansatz (BA) are employed as a variational trial wavefunction for electrons. Energy expressions are developed showcasing the methods of BA. Numerical results are presented for atomic systems as well as molecular dissociations, which are numerically identical with the restricted Hartree‐Fock (HF) results. The present contribution serves as a bridge between HF and other BA wavefunctions to be employed as mean‐field methods for strongly correlated electrons.
Orbital Hybridization and Magnetic Coupling at Cuprate–Manganite Interfaces Driven by Manganite Doping
Authors: Schlueter Christoph , Yang Nan , Mazzoli Claudio , Cantoni Claudia , Tebano Antonello , Di Castro Daniele , Balestrino Giuseppe , Orgiani Pasquale , Galdi Alice , Herrero‐Martín Javier , Gargiani Pierluigi , Valvidares Manuel , Aruta Carmela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFundamental understanding of interface mechanisms that generate unexpected physical properties in the cuprate/manganite heterostructures is essential for possible applications as spintronic devices. Here, CaCuO2/La1−xSrxMnO3 (CCO/LSMO) superlattices are investigated, where the infinite‐layer cuprate CCO does not have apical oxygen for Cu in the Ca‐plane so that the Mn–O–Cu superexchange coupling can be only present at the MnO2–(La,Sr)O–CuO2 interface. Two different doping states for the manganites are studied, namely x = 0.1 and x = 0.3, corresponding to the ferromagnetic insulating and ferromagnetic metallic states, respectively, in the manganite phase diagram. Linear and circular dichroism in X‐ray absorption by synchrotron radiation at Cu and Mn L‐edges clearly demonstrate that in the absence of apical oxygen in the cuprate block, the magnetic coupling between the LSMO and CCO is weakly ferromagnetic when LSMO is metallic, while it is antiferromagnetic when LSMO is insulating, along with an increased Cu 3d(3z2–r2) and Mn 3d(3z2–r2) orbital occupation. It is proposed that the Mn 3d valence band upward shift driven by the enhancement of Mn3+ content in the underdoped sample enhances the orbital hybridization. The stronger hybridization at the interface MnO2–(La,Sr)O–CuO2 gives rise to the antiferromagnetic coupling between cuprate and underdoped manganite.
Real‐time warming of Alpine streams: (re)defining invertebrates' temperature preferences
Authors: Niedrist Georg H. , Füreder Leopold 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe accelerating climate crisis intensifies environmental changes in high‐altitude ecosystems worldwide, with rising air temperature among the main stressors. While past research in alpine streams has primarily focused on how retreating glaciers might affect the ecology of glacier‐fed streams on the long run, observations of real‐time alterations of water temperature in such pristine environments are rare. Using long‐term measurements of water temperature (2010–2017) together with datasets on benthic invertebrate communities from 18 glacial and nonglacial alpine and subalpine streams in the European Alps, we illustrate significant ecological relationships of water temperature regimes and the identity of benthic communities and forecast changes thereof due to considerable warming of stream water. Besides reporting multiannual warming of all observed streams during summer with a mean rate of 2.5(±0.6)°C decade−1, this work redefines temperature optima and ranges using robust regression modelling and thereby identifies potential winners and losers among the invertebrate species. We conclude that the various invertebrate taxa in alpine stream networks will respond differently to thermal alterations and that the herein modelled temperature ranges of invertebrates is an essential step towards the understanding of future shifts in species distributions and success.
STEM teacher agency: A case study of initiating and implementing curricular reform
Authors: Balgopal Meena M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMost science curricular reform efforts are designed by administrators or science education experts. It is less common for teachers to work collaboratively across disciplines to create, implement, and disseminate an integrated STEM curriculum developed for noncollege‐bound students that ended up being popular across student populations at the school. The integrated Geometry in Construction curriculum was developed 12 years ago and has since been adopted by over 425 schools across the United States. This intrinsic case study describes the experiences and perceptions of two high school teachers (one in mathematics and one in industrial science/engineering) as they achieved agency to initiate a deep and sustained reform effort. Drawing on the theory of teacher agency, the factors motivating the teachers to enact their beliefs about students and teaching are described. As a result of increased professional agency (driven by professional discontentment, willingness to take risks, and encouragement by mentors), these two teachers (a) cogenerated integrated engineering‐math curriculum with one another and their students and (b) addressed the needs of their community for affordable housing.
The Charge Storage Mechanism of MnCO3 in Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Vardhan Palem Vishnu , Balarabe Idris Mustapha , Subramaniam Thiruvenkatam , Sappani Devaraj 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the charge storage mechanism of MnCO3 is essential to improve its capacitance performance. Herein, we report the charge storage mechanism of MnCO3 in aqueous Na2SO4 and Mg(ClO4)2 electrolytes studied systematically by using ex‐situ X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Theoretical specific capacitance of MnCO3.H2O in the potential window of 0.1 to 1.0 V is 806 F g−1, however, it delivers a specific capacitance value of only 95 and 66 F g−1 in 0.1 M Mg(ClO4)2 and 0.1 M Na2SO4 electrolytes, respectively, which suggests that only a limited fraction of MnCO3 is participating in the charge storage. The ex‐situ X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies reveal that the insertion and extraction of Mg2+‐ions into/from MnCO3 accompanied by redox reaction between Mn2+ and Mn1+ during charge/discharge are reversible and do not result in phase transformation in aqueous 0.1 M Mg(ClO4)2 electrolyte. In contrast, lattice expansion and contraction by insertion and extraction of Na+‐ions into/from MnCO3 result in a gradual transformation of MnCO3 into α‐MnO2 in aqueous 0.1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte.
Regulatory Preparation of N/S Doped Carbon Quantum Dots and Their Applications as Fe(III) Ion Sensors
Authors: Deng Yafeng , Qian Jun , Zhou Yihua , Lu Fei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe nitrogen‐sulfur co‐doped fluorescent carbon quantum dots (N/S‐CQDs) were synthesized from sulfanilic acid. The fluorescence emission was independent of the excitation wavelength. In this experiment, the carbonization degree of the precursors was adjusted by solvent‐thermal method to affect the sp2 conjugated dimension of CQDs, thus affecting the fluorescence performance of CQDs. They are well dispersed in water and ethanol, and have high selectivity for Fe3+. The detection range is 0.025∼0.4 mmol/L, and the detection limit is about 2.549 μmol/L. The CQDs prepared in this experiment emit light indirectly through the surface defect state. When CQDs is illuminated by light, the carriers generated by photons will emit light at a very fast speed due to the surface defect state, so the excited electrons in CQDs can be easily transferred to Fe3+, making the surface of CQDs more complete, thus leading to the quenching of CQDs fluorescence.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate: An Inexpensive Inorganic Polyelectrolyte “Primer” For Upconverting Nanoparticles/Mesoporous Silica Core‐Shell Synthesis
Authors: Torresan María Fernanda , Parra‐Florez Loreiny , Sorbello Cecilia , Azcárate Julio César , Etchenique Roberto , Wolosiuk Alejandro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe introduce a method for depositing a uniform mesoporous SiO2 layer onto upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) following a two step approach. First, thermolysis synthesized hydrophobic oleate‐capped UCNP were subjected to a ligand exchange procedure with sodium hexamethaphosphate (HMP) in order to obtain hydrophilic and exceptionally stable colloidal particles. In a second step, a uniform mesoporous SiO2 shell was anchored to the HMP‐UCNP using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a porogen agent. These porous layers are mesosotructured, chemically reactive and do not change the original optical properties of the UCNP. Moreover, anchoring HMP to the nanocrystal surface favors the formation of single UCNP@mesoporous SiO2 core‐shell entities with yields up to 86%.