bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The utility of T-SPOT.TB for the diagnosis unconventional pleural tuberculosis is superior to ADA in high prevalence: A perspective analysis of 601 cases
Authors: Yang Xinting , zhang jing , Liang Qingtao , Pan Liping , Duan Hongfei , Yang Yang , Li Hua , Guo Chao , Sun Qi , Jia Hongyan , Du Boping , Wei Rongrong , Xing Aiying , Zhang Zongde , Chen Xiaoyou 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) is still controversial in differentiating tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), through recommended by World Health Organization (WHO )for identification of latent tuberculosis infection. OBJECTIVES Aim to qualify the diagnostic efficacy for TPE by IGRA in comparison to Adenosine deaminase(ADA), to clarify its appropriate scene in clinical diagnosis. METHODS A prospective, single-centre study including all suspected pleural effusion patients consecutively from June 2015 to October 2018. Through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, all enrolled participants were determined technical cut-off and the utility of IGRA(T-SPOT)for pleural fluid(PF). Obtain the independent risk factors by logistic regression analysis for TPE, and evaluate the performance of T-SPOT stratified by risk factors, in comparison to ADA. RESULTS A total of 601 individuals were consecutively recruited. The maximum of early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) in PF T-SPOT had the best diagnostic efficiency in our study, with a sensitivity of 83.0% and a specificity of 83.1%, corresponding cut-off value is 466, which was equal to ADA(0.885 vs 0.887, P=0.957) and superior than in PB; Among the TPE patients with low ADA(<40 IU/L), the sensitivity and specificity of PF T-SPOT was still 87.9%, 90.5% respectively. The utility of ADA was negative related to age ascents, but PF T-SPOT had steady performance at any age-stage. The age (<45 yrs; odds ratio (OR) 5.61), gender (male; OR 2.7) and body mass index (BMI)(<22; OR 1.93) was independently associated with the risk of TB by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Stratified by risk factors, notably the PF T-SPOT had superior sensitivity(76.5% vs. 23.5%,P=0.016) than ADA meanwhile had the non-inferior specificity(84.4% vs. 96.9%, P=0.370). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the overall potency of PF T-SPOT assay is equal to ADA for diagnosing TPE. In addition, PF T-SPOT can effectively discriminate the TPE patients whose ADA lower than 40IU/L, and extremely superior to ADA in unconventional TPE patients(age>45yrs, female or BMI<22). PF T-SPOT assay is an extremely good choice to supplement ADA to diagnose TPE.
Hydraulic characteristics of the aeration basin in a ski-jump-step spillway
Authors: Qian Shangtuo , Wu Jianhua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ski-jump-step spillway was designed using a ski-jump and an aeration basin to effectively pre-aerate flow in a stepped spillway. A new experimental study of the hydraulic characteristics of aeration basins was conducted to better understanding their pre-aeration properties and mechanisms. The plunge-pool patterns of aeration basins were classified into partially aerated, fully aerated, and vortex expelled, with increasing unit discharge. Relations between the distributions of the time-averaged pressure and the air concentration of the plunge-pools suggested that the ski-jump jet impact and the recirculating vortices are the main causes of plunge-pool air entrainment. Based on the export cross-section of the aeration basins, the bottom air concentrations remained greater than 3.0%. The sidewall air concentrations were greater than 7.5% and followed a logarithmic distribution in the vertical direction, demonstrating that the export flow attains a completely aerated state without any blackwater zones. In addition, increasing the aeration basin length was found to prevent the occurrence of a vortex expelled plunge-pool, thus promoting the appropriate pre-aeration effect under large unit discharges.
Investigation of chlorine wall decay in an old, decommissioned metallic pipe using a pipe section reactor
Authors: Tonev R. , Dimova G. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The study investigates the kinetics of free chlorine depletion in tap water from the Sofia distribution network. The overall decay rates, the bulk reaction rate coefficient, the wall reaction rate coefficient and the influence of mass transfer have been determined in a laboratory pipe section reactor (PSR), testing an old decommissioned metallic pipe. In total, 23 series of experiments were performed under different initial free chlorine concentrations and different hydraulic conditions. The applicability of different chlorine decay mathematical models has been investigated. A new model was proposed, combining zero order bulk reactions and first order wall reactions, describing the laboratory results with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients over 0.99. The obtained values for the wall reaction coefficient vary in the range 0.008–0.030 m/h, decreasing exponentially with increasing initial chlorine concentration.
Metabolic and Amino Acid Alterations of the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Stepka Petr , Vsiansky Vit , Raudenska Martina , Gumulec Jaromir , Adam Vojtech , Masarik Michal 
Published: February 2020

:
Metabolic changes driven by the hostile tumor microenvironment surrounding cancer cells
and the effect of these changes on tumorigenesis and metastatic potential have been known for a long
time. The usual point of interest is glucose and changes in its utilization by cancer cells, mainly in the
form of the Warburg effect. However, amino acids, both intra- and extracellular, also represent an
important aspect of tumour microenvironment, which can have a significant effect on cancer cell
metabolism and overall development of the tumor. Namely, alterations in the metabolism of amino
acids glutamine, sarcosine, aspartate, methionine and cysteine have been previously connected to the
tumor progression and aggressivity of cancer.

:
The aim of this review is to pinpoint current gaps in our knowledge of the role of amino acids as a
part of the tumor microenvironment and to show the effect of various amino acids on cancer cell
metabolism and metastatic potential. This review shows limitations and exceptions from the traditionally
accepted model of Warburg effect in some cancer tissues, with the emphasis on prostate
cancer, because the traditional definition of Warburg effect as a metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis
does not always apply. Prostatic tissue both in a healthy and transformed state significantly differs in
many metabolic aspects, including the metabolisms of glucose and amino acids, from the metabolism of
other tissues. Findings from different tissues are, therefore, not always interchangeable and have to be
taken into account during experimentation modifying the environment of tumor tissue by amino acid
supplementation or depletion, which could potentially serve as a new therapeutic approach.
Clinical and Translational Research Challenges in Neuroendocrine Tumours
Authors: Barriuso Jorge , Lamarca Angela 
Published: February 2020

:
Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) represent a range of neoplasms that may arise from any
(neuro)endocrine cell situated in any part of the human body. As any other rare diseases, NETs face
several difficulties in relation to research. This review will describe some of the main challenges and
proposed solutions faced by researchers with expertise in rare malignancies.

:
Some of the most common challenges in clinical and translational research are enumerated in this review,
covering aspects from clinical, translational and basic research. NETs being a heterogeneous
group of diseases and a limited sample size of clinical and translational research projects are the main
challenges.

:
Challenges with NETs lay over the disparities between healthcare models to tackle rare diseases. NETs
add an extra layer of complexity due to a numerous group of different entities.

:
Prospective real-world data trials are an opportunity for rare cancers with the revolution of electronic
health technologies. This review explores potential solutions to these challenges that could be useful
not only to the NET community but also to other rare tumours researchers.
Nanocurcumin Inhibits Angiogenesis via Down-regulating hif1a/VEGF-A Signaling in Zebrafish
Authors: Cao Zigang , He Shicong , Peng Yuyang , Liao Xinjun , Lu Huiqiang 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Curcumin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer properties.
Despite the considerable evidence showing that curcumin is an efficacious and safe compound for
multiple medicinal benefits, there are some demerits with respect to the therapeutic effectiveness
of curcumin, namely, poor stability and solubility, and its role in angiogenesis in vivo is still not
yet clear. More recently, the biodegradable polymer nanoparticles have been developed. This offers
promise for the therapeutic effectiveness of curcumin by increasing its bioavailability, solubility
and retention time.

:
Here, we compared the medicinal effectiveness of curcumin and nanocurcumin (NC),
and found that nanocurcumin can inhibit angiogenesis more effectively than curcumin in zebrafish.
Tests of proliferation and apoptosis showed no difference between nanocurcumin-treated and wildtype
embryos.

Results:
qPCR and in situ hybridization experiments indicated that the VEGF signaling pathway
genes, vegfa, VEGF-C and flt4 were all down-regulated after nanocurcumin treatment, and vegfa
over-expression rescued the vascular defective phenotype. Moreover, hif1a expression also decreased
and hif1a over-expression also rescued the vascular defective phenotype but the Notch
signaling pathway had no difference after nanocurcumin treatment.

Conclusion:
These results indicate that nano curcumin inhibits angiogenesis in zebrafish by downregulating
hif1a/vegfa signaling pathway. Hence, our work reveals the key role of nanocurcumin in
angiogenesis in vivo.
Early Age of Migraine Onset is Independently Related to Cognitive Decline and Symptoms of Depression Affect Quality of Life
Authors: Bao Jiajia , Ma Mengmeng , Dong Shuju , Gao Lijie , Li Changling , Cui Chaohua , Chen Ning , Zhang Yang , He Li 
Published: February 2020

Background:
People with migraine experience cognitive decline more often than
healthy controls, resulting in a significant functional impact. Early identifying influencing factors
that contribute to cognitive decline in migraineurs is crucial for timely intervention. Although
migraine may onset early in childhood and early onset migraine is related to significant disability,
there is no research investigating the association between the age of migraine onset and
migraineurs’ cognitive decline. Therefore we aim to explore possible factors that correlate to the
cognitive function of migraineurs, especially focus on age of migraine onset.

Methods:
531 patients with migraine were included. Data on demographics and headache-related
characteristics were collected and evaluated using face-to-face interviews and questionnaires. We
used the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale to assess cognitive function. In addition, we analyzed
independent correlations between cognitive decline and the age of migraine onset in patients
with migraine. And all patients completed the Headache Impact Test-6 to evaluate their quality of
life.

Results:
Migraineurs with cognitive decline showed significant differences from those without in
age (OR=1.26, P<0.0001), years of education (OR=0.89, P=0.0182), the intensity of headache
(OR=1.03, P=0.0217), age of onset (OR=0.92, P<0.0001) and anxiety scores (OR=1.09,
P=0.0235). Furthermore, there was no interaction in the age of onset between subgroups. Multivariate
linear regression analyses of HIT-6 scores showed that the intensity of headache (β=0.18,
P<.0001) and depression scores (β=0.26, P=0.0009) had independent effects on decreased quality
of life.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that younger age of migraine onset is independently related to
migraineurs’ cognitive decline, and migraine accompanying anxiety symptoms significantly
related to decreased quality of life in migraineurs.
A Green Alternative for Aryl Iodide Preparation from Aromatic Amines
Authors: Shahnavaz Zohreh , Zaharani Lia , Johan Mohd Rafie , Khaligh Nader Ghaffari 
Published: February 2020

Background:
In continuation of our previous work and the applications of saccharin, we encouraged
to investigate the one-pot synthesis of the aryl iodides by the diazotization of the arene diazonium saccharin
salts.

Objective:
Arene diazonium salts play an important role in organic synthesis as intermediate and a wide variety
of aromatic compounds have been prepared using them. A serious drawback of arene diazonium salts is their
instability in a dry state; therefore, they must be stored and handled carefully to avoid spontaneous explosion
and other hazard events.

Methods:
The arene diazonium saccharin salts were prepared as active intermediates in situ through the
reaction of various aryl amines with tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) in the presence of saccharin (Sac–H). Then, in situ
obtained intermediates were used into the diazotization step without separation and purification in the current
protocol.

Results:
A variety of aryl iodides were synthesized at a greener and low-cost method in the presence of TBN,
Sac–H, glacial acetic acid, and TEAI.

Conclusion:
In summary, a telescopic reaction is developed for the synthesis of aryl iodides. The current
methodology is safe, cost-effective, broad substrate scope, and metal-free. All used reagents are commercially
available and inert to moisture and air. Also, the saccharine and tetraethylammonium cation could be partially
recovered from the reaction residue, which reduces waste generation, energy consumption, raw material, and
waste disposal costs.
Astaxanthin, the Natural Antioxidant, Reduces Reserpine Induced Depression in Mice
Authors: Khan Ferdous , Kuddus Syed A. , Shohag Md. H. , Reza Hasan M. , Hossain Murad 
Published: February 2020

Background:
An imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants determines the level of
oxidative stress which is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric disorders including
depression. Therefore, treatment with antioxidants could potentially improve the balance between
pro-oxidants and antioxidants.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of astaxanthin, a potential antioxidant,
to reduce reserpine-induced depression in BALB/c mice (Mus musculus).

Methods:
On the behavioral level, antidepressant property of astaxanthin (50 mg/kg, orally) on reserpine (2
mg/kg, subcutaneously) induced depressed mice was evaluated by Forced Swim Test (FST) and Tail Suspension
Test (TST). In the biochemical level, the ability of astaxanthin to mitigate reserpine-induced
oxidative stress was evaluated by the measurement of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in
brain, liver and plasma samples. On the other hand, the efficiency of astaxanthin to replenish glutathione
depletion and antioxidant enzyme activity augmentation in the same samples were also investigated.

Results:
Astaxanthin was able to lower reserpine induced immobility time significantly (p<0.05) in FST
and TST. Mice treated with astaxanthin showed significantly (p<0.05) low level of oxidative stress
markers such as Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO). Consistently, the level of reduced Glutathione
(GSH), and the activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and catalase were augmented due to
the oral administration of astaxanthin.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that astaxanthin reduces reserpine-induced oxidative stress and therefore
might be effective in treating oxidative stress associated depression.
Antiobesity Effect of Biochanin-A: Effect on Trace Element Metabolism in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats
Authors: Antony Rathinasamy Jansy Isabella Rani , Uddandrao Veera Venkata Sathibabu , Raveendran Nivedha , Sasikumar Vadivukkarasi 
Published: February 2020

Background:Imbalanced diets have contributed to the increased prevalence of obesity and other metabolic disorders in the modern world including trace element metabolism. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.Aim and Objectives :The present study investigated the effects of Biochanin A (BCA) on the changes in element metabolism induced by HFD-induced obese rats.Methods:BCA was administered orally for 30 days to experimental obese rats. Changes in body weight, glucose, insulin resistance and lipid profiles of plasma, as well as the level of trace elements (Fe, Zn, Mg and Cu) in various tissues (liver, kidney, heart and pancreas) and hepsidine and heme oxygenase, were observed in experimental rats.Results:The administration of BCA elicited a significant (p<0.05) reduction in, glucose, insulin, ferritin, total cholesterol, phospholipids, free fatty acids, VLDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides and hepsidin. Significant alterations were observed in trace elements level, HDL-C, transferrin, bilirubin and HO - 1 level.Conclusion:These findings suggested that HFD results in derangement of trace elements in the tissues of rats fed with HFD. BCA may alleviate the derangement of HFD induced trace elements metabolism by modulating hyperglycemic and insulin resistance status and altering hepcidin and HO-1.
Optimization of a Novel Nakagami-m Fading Affected Multiuser Cognitive Radio System Using a New Hybrid DE/BBO/SA
Authors: Kaur Kiranjot , Rattan Munish , Patterh Manjeet S. 
Published: February 2020

Background and Objective:
This communication introduces a multiple secondary user
(SU) cognitive radio (CR) system in a dynamic fading environment, specifically Nakagami-m fading.
The transmission parameters of the CR system are optimized to turn it into an optimal design.

Methods:
For this purpose, a new hybrid of differential evolution, biogeography-based optimization
with simulated annealing, namely DE/BBO/SA is proposed. The suggested method searches the best
CR parameter values while accomplishing general communication objectives. Fitness functions of
these objectives are modified to include fading as well as to accommodate multiple carriers.

Results and Conclusion:
DE/BBO/SA generated results in terms of optimized parameters, fitness
core and values of the objectives are compared with the ones acquired by other available techniques
in the literature to show the efficacy of DE/BBO/SA in cognitive radio optimization. The
performances are further validated by conducting a non-parametric statistical test to prove the use
of proposed technique for solving CR problem.
A Novel Poly(Ionic Liquid) as the Thermal Insulating Material
Authors: Wei Wenxin , Ma Guifeng , Wang Hongtao , Li Jun 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
A new poly(ionic liquid)(PIL), poly(p-vinylbenzyltriphenylphosphine
hexafluorophosphate) (P[VBTPP][PF6]), was synthesized by quaternization, anion exchange
reaction, and free radical polymerization. Then a series of the PIL were synthesized at different
conditions.

Methods:
The specific heat capacity, glass-transition temperature and melting temperature of
the synthesized PILs were measured by differential scanning calorimeter. The thermal conductivities
of the PILs were measured by the laser flash analysis method.

Results:
Results showed that, under optimized synthesis conditions, P[VBTPP][PF6] as the
thermal insulator had a high glass-transition temperature of 210.1°C, high melting point of
421.6°C, and a low thermal conductivity of 0.0920 W m-1 K-1 at 40.0°C (it was 0.105 W m-1
K-1 even at 180.0°C). The foamed sample exhibited much low thermal conductivity
λ=0.0340 W m-1 K-1 at room temperature, which was comparable to a commercial polyurethane
thermal insulating material although the latter had a much lower density.

Conclusion:
In addition, mixing the P[VBTPP][PF6] sample into polypropylene could obviously
increase the Oxygen Index, revealing its efficient flame resistance. Therefore,
P[VBTPP][PF6] is a potential thermal insulating material.
Effect of Lipase Treatment on Physical and Dyeing Properties of Cellulose Acetate Fabric
Authors: Zolriasatein Ali Akbar 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
Cellulose acetate fabric was bio-treated by lipase enzyme. Afterwards,
untreated and bio-treated fabrics were dyed with direct and disperse dyes to study the treatment
effect.

Methods:
Bending length, fabric thickness, tensile strength and dyeing properties of the biotreated
fabrics were studied. Change in the morphology of fibers was observed by SEM after
enzymatic deacetylation.

Results:
Enzymatic deacetylation of cellulose acetate fibers led to an improvement in hydrophilicity.
The whiteness index of cellulose acetate fabric slightly decreased from 95.81 to
95.79 after bio-pretreatment. Lipase pre-treatment also caused an increase in fiber diameter
of up to 54.80%. Bending length decreased from 1.95 to 1.80 cm after enzymatic treatment
while the number of threads per centimeter and fabric thickness increased. Bio-treated fabric
showed lower tensile strength in comparison to untreated fabric.

Conclusion:
The lipase pretreatment increased the color strength by 19.04% and 18.50% for
direct and disperse dyes respectively.
Classification and Prediction of Violence Against Chinese Medical Staff on the Sina Microblog Based on a Self-Organizing Map: Quantitative Study
Authors: Duan Guimin , Liao Xin , Yu Weiping , Li Guihua 
Published: February 2020

Background
For the last decade, doctor-patient contradiction in China has remained prominent, and workplace violence toward medical staff still occurs frequently. However, little is known about the types and laws of propagation of violence against medical staff online.

Objective
By using a self-organizing map (SOM), we aimed to explore the microblog propagation law for violent incidents in China that involve medical staff, to classify the types of incidents and provide a basis for rapidly and accurately predicting trends in public opinion and developing corresponding measures to improve the relationship between doctors and patients.

Methods
For this study, we selected 60 cases of violent incidents in China involving medical staff that led to heated discussions on the Sina microblog from 2011 to 2018, searched the web data of the microblog using crawler software, recorded the amount of new tweets every 2 hours, and used the SOM neural network to cluster the number of tweets. Polynomial and exponential functions in MATLAB software were applied to predict and analyze the data.

Results
Trends in the propagation of online public opinion regarding the violent incidents were categorized into 8 types: bluff, waterfall, zigzag, steep, abrupt, wave, steep slope, and long slope. The communications exhibited different characteristics. The prediction effect of 4 types of incidents (ie, bluff, waterfall, zigzag, and steep slope) was good and accorded with actual spreading trends.

Conclusions
Our study found that the more serious the consequences of a violent incident, such as a serious injury or death, the more attention it drew on the microblog, the faster was its propagation speed, and the longer was its duration. In these cases, the propagation types were mostly steep slope, long slope, and zigzag. In addition, the more serious the consequences of a violent incident, the higher popularity it exhibited on the microblog. The popularity within a week was significantly higher for acts resulting from patients’ dissatisfaction with treatments than for acts resulting from nontherapeutic incidents.