bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small-Scale Rotor Design Variables and Their Effects on Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Performance of a Hovering Rotor
Authors: Henricks Quinten , Wang Zhenyu , Zhuang Mei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
With the increased prominence of multicopter micro-aerial vehicles, more importance has been placed on the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of these systems, as their small-scale and lower Reynolds number regime provide results that are different from full-scale rotors. A computational methodology was employed in order to study the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance from different small-scale rotors used in a multicopter configuration. Three rotor design variables (twist, taper, and pitch) were investigated in order to understand their influence on aerodynamic and acoustic performance of a hovering rotor. Variables such as rotor rotation rate and rotor radius were kept constant. Common aerodynamic performance metrics such as the ratio of coefficient of thrust to coefficient of power and figure of merit (FM) were used to assess aerodynamic hover performance of the designed rotors. Acoustic performance was assessed by recording acoustic pressure in the far-field at two separate receivers. Acoustic results are presented in the frequency domain as one-third octave band data and as overall sound pressure level (SPL). Flow fields and pressure contours were calculated and displayed in order to help explain aerodynamic and acoustic results. From the results, insights are provided for rotor designs that are more aerodynamically and acoustically efficient in hover. Specifically, rotors that provided lower values of disk loading and higher values of power loading were typically more acoustically efficient. Using greater rotor twist and taper increased both aerodynamic and acoustic performance.
Self-Efficacy, Social-Support, and Physical Activity Measures Among Hospital Employees: A Multisite Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: John Jemima C. , Sharma Shreela V. , Hoelscher Deanna , Swartz Michael D. , Huber Chuck 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Associations across self-efficacy, social support, and multiple measures of physical activity (PA) have not been thoroughly explored in hospital employees.Methods: Validated surveys assessed psychosocial factors; the IPAQ-long assessed PA, and mixed-effects analyses examined relations between psychosocial variables and PA in 920 employees from 6 Texas hospitals.Results: AtP<.05, self-efficacy was significantly associated with light (β = 1.67), moderate (β = 1.63), and vigorous (β = 2.78) leisure PA; with domestic PA (β = 1.64); and with moderate commute PA (β = 0.03). AtP< .05, family social-support was significantly associated with light (β = 0.94), moderate (β = 0.63), and vigorous (β = .74) leisure PA; with moderate (β = 0.46) and vigorous (β = 1.24) occupation PA; with light (β = 0.58) and moderate (β = 0.20) commute PA; and with domestic PA (β = 1.18). AtP< .05, social support from friends was significantly associated with light (β = 0.74), moderate (β = 0.58), and vigorous (β = .91) leisure PA; with moderate commute (β = 0.21); and with domestic PA (β = 0.82).Conclusion: Interventions must emphasize self-efficacy–building strategies and the role of family support to meaningfully impact PA behaviors in uniquethis unique population.
Community-based weight loss programme targeting overweight Chinese adults with pre-diabetes: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ho Mandy , Chau Pui Hing , Yu Esther Yee Tak , Ying Michael Tin-cheung , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the world’s fastest growing health problems. Asians have a strong ethnic predisposition for T2DM, developing T2DM at a lower degree of obesity and at younger ages than other ethnic groups. T2DM has a gradual onset, with most individuals progressing through a pre-diabetic state, providing an opportunity to prevent T2DM and its complications. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based lifestyle intervention programme on weight loss and improvements in insulin sensitivity and cardiometabolic profiles in Chinese adults with pre-diabetes.Methods and analysisThis study is a 12-month, assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial. Adults with pre-diabetes (aged 40–64 years, n=180) with pre-diabetes are randomised into either an intervention group (receiving group-based lifestyle interventions) or a control group (receiving text messages containing health information). The intervention programme targets a weight loss of 5% during the first 6 months by restricting caloric intake and increasing physical activity. Participants in the intervention group will attend six group sessions and two individual face-to-face diet counselling sessions during the first 6 months, followed by monthly telephone support during the 6-month maintenance phase. Participants in the control group will receive monthly text messages containing general health information only. The primary outcome is weight loss (%). Secondary outcomes include insulin sensitivity (assessed using fasting insulin level and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance), glycaemic control (assessed using glycated haemoglobin level), lipid profile, blood pressure, carotid artery thickness, dietary intake and level of physical activity. Intention-to-treat analysis will be conducted using a generalised linear mixed effects model with a logit link and linear mixed models.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the relevant research ethics committee. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific presentations.Trial registration numberNCT03609697.
Comparison between urban and rural mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a nationwide longitudinal cohort study in South Korea
Authors: Kim Hye Sim , Kang Dae Ryong , Kim Inah , Lee Kyungsuk , Jo Hoon , Koh Sang Baek 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThis study investigated the risk associated with interhospital transfer of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and clinical outcomes according to the location of the patient’ residence.DesignA nationwide longitudinal cohort.SettingNational Health Insurance Service database of South Korea.ParticipantsThis study included 69 899 patients with AMI who visited an emergency centre from 2013 to 2015, as per the Korea National Health Insurance Service database.Primary outcome measureThe clinical outcome of a patient with AMI was defined as mortality within 7 days, 30 days and 1 year.ResultsClinical outcomes were analysed and compared with respect to the location of the patient’s residence and occurrence of interhospital transfer. We concluded that the HR of mortality within 7 days was 1.49 times higher (95% CI 1.18 to 1.87) in rural patients than in urban patients not subjected to interhospital transfer and 1.90 times higher (95% CI 1.13 to 3.19) in transferred rural patients than in non-transferred urban patients.ConclusionsTo reduce health inequality in rural areas, a healthcare policy considering regional characteristics, rather than a central government-led, catch-all approach to healthcare policy, must be formulated. Additionally, a local medical emergency delivery system, based on allocation of roles between different medical facilities in the region, must be established.
Knowledge mobilisation in bridging community-practice–academia-policy through meaningful engagement: systematic integrative review protocol focusing on studies conducted on health and wellness among immigrant communities
Authors: Turin Tanvir C , Chowdhury Nashit , Vaska Marcus , Rumana Nahid , Lasker Mohammad Ali Ashraf , Chowdhury Mohammad Ziaul Islam 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionThough the importance of knowledge mobilisation has been established globally in health and wellness research, a certain degree of ambiguity remains regarding the meaning and extent of knowledge mobilisation activities and how they have been implemented. In this study, we aim to explore the different descriptions of knowledge mobilisation and the diverse ways mobilisation activities have been realised by different researchers working for the betterment of health and wellness of immigrant communities in their host countries.Methods and analysisWe aimed to conduct an integrative review to organise the available literature describing knowledge mobilisation pertaining to health and wellness in immigrant communities. We will employ a comprehensive search, using appropriate search-terms, to identify relevant literature and will qualitatively synthesise the information toward fulfilling our objectives. Specific methodological and analytical frameworks related to the integrative review process will guide each step of the process. A librarian designed the systematic search of the academic and grey literature from database inception to December 2019. The databases include MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL and SocINDEX. For grey literature, we will conduct searches in AHS Insite, Google, Google Scholar, OAISter and government websites. A two-stage (title–abstract and full-text) screening will be conducted, including single-citation tracking and hand search of reference lists.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this review. We first plan to disseminate the results of our systematic review protocol through meetings with key stakeholders, followed by appropriate publications and presentations at applicable platforms. We also have opted for an integrated knowledge translation or community-engaged knowledge mobilisation approach where we have engaged with community-based citizen researchers from the inception of our research.
Accuracy of PE rule-out strategies in pregnancy: secondary analysis of the DiPEP study prospective cohort
Authors: Goodacre Steve , Nelson-Piercy Catherine , Hunt Beverley J , Fuller Gordon 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveRecent studies suggest that combinations of clinical probability assessment (the YEARS algorithm or Geneva score) and D-dimer can safely rule out suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) in pregnant women. We performed a secondary analysis of the DiPEP (Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism in Pregnancy) study data to determine the diagnostic accuracy of these strategies.MethodsThe DiPEP study prospectively recruited and collected data and blood samples from pregnant/postpartum women with suspected PE across 11 hospitals and retrospectively collected data from pregnant/postpartum women with diagnosed PE across all UK hospitals (15 February 2015 to 31 August 2016). We selected prospectively recruited pregnant women who had definitive diagnostic imaging for this analysis. We used clinical data and D-dimer results to determine whether the rule out strategies would recommend further investigation. Two independent adjudicators used data from imaging reports, treatments and adverse events up to 30 days to determine the reference standard.ResultsPEs were diagnosed in 12/219 (5.5%) women. The YEARS/D-dimer strategy would have ruled out PE in 96/219 (43.8%) but this would have included 5 of the 12 with PEs. Sensitivity for PE was 58.3% (95% CI 28.6% to 83.5%) and specificity 44.0% (37.1% to 51.0%). The Geneva/D-dimer strategy would have ruled out PE in 46/219 (21.0%) but this would have included three of the 12 with PE. Sensitivity was 75.0% (95% CI 42.8% to 93.3%) and specificity 20.8% (95% CI 15.6% to 27.1%). Administration of anticoagulants prior to blood sampling may have reduced D-dimer sensitivity for small PE.ConclusionStrategies using clinical probability and D-dimer have limited diagnostic accuracy and do not accurately rule out all PE in pregnancy. It is uncertain whether PE missed by these strategies lead to clinically important consequences.
CD137/OX40 Bispecific Antibody Induces Potent Antitumor Activity that Is Dependent on Target Coengagement
Authors: Gaspar Miguel , Pravin John , Rodrigues Leonor , Uhlenbroich Sandra , Everett Katy L. , Wollerton Francisca , Morrow Michelle , Tuna Mihriban , Brewis Neil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFollowing the success of immune checkpoint blockade therapy against cancer, agonistic antibodies targeting T-cell costimulatory pathways are in clinical trials. The TNF superfamily of receptors (TNFRSF) members CD137 and OX40 are costimulatory receptors that stimulate T-cell proliferation and activation upon interaction with their cognate ligands. Activating CD137 and OX40 with agonistic mAbs stimulates the immune system due to their broad expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells and has antitumor effects in preclinical models. Most TNFRSF agonist antibodies require crosslinking via Fcγ receptors (FcγR), which can limit their clinical activity. FS120 mAb2, a dual agonist bispecific antibody targeting CD137 and OX40, activated both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in an FcγR-independent mechanism, dependent on concurrent binding. A mouse surrogate version of the bispecific antibody displayed antitumor activity in syngeneic tumor models, independent of T regulatory cell depletion and of FcγR interaction, but associated with peripheral T-cell activation and proliferation. When compared with a crosslink-independent CD137 agonist mAb, the FS120 surrogate induced lower liver T-cell infiltration. These data support initiation of clinical development of FS120, a first-in-class dual agonist bispecific antibody for the treatment of human cancer.
Clinical and Economic Implications of Inconclusive Noninvasive Test Results in Stable Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Goyal Akash , Pagidipati Neha , Hill C. Larry , Alhanti Brooke , Udelson James E. , Picard Michael H. , Pellikka Patricia A. , Hoffmann Udo , Mark Daniel B. , Douglas Pamela S. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Inconclusive noninvasive tests complicate the care of patients with suspected coronary artery disease, but their prevalence and impact on management, outcomes, and costs are not well described.

Methods:
PROMISE (Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain) patients were randomized to stress testing (n=4533) or computed tomographic angiography (CTA; n=4677). We assessed relationships between inconclusive results, subsequent testing, a composite outcome (death, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina), and healthcare expenditures.

Results:

Overall, 8.0% of tests were inconclusive (9.7% stress, 6.4% CTA). Compared with negative tests, inconclusive tests were more often referred to a second noninvasive test (stress: 14.6% versus 8.5%, odds ratio [OR], 1.91; CTA: 36.5% versus 8.4%, OR, 5.95;
P
<0.001) and catheterization (stress: 5.5% versus 2.4%, OR, 2.36; CTA: 23.4% versus 4.1%, OR, 6.49;
P
<0.001), and composite outcomes were higher for both inconclusive tests (stress: 3.7% versus 2.0%, hazard ratio, 1.81,
P
=0.034; CTA: 5.0% versus 2.2%, hazard ratio, 1.85;
P
=0.044) and positive tests (stress: 8.3% versus 2.0%, hazard ratio, 3.50; CTA: 9.2% versus 2.2%, hazard ratio, 3.66;
P
<0.001). Twenty-four–month costs were higher for inconclusive tests than negative tests by $2905 (stress) and $4030 (CTA).

Conclusions:
Among patients with stable chest pain undergoing a noninvasive test, inconclusive results occurred in 6% of CTA and 10% of stress tests. Compared with those with conclusive negative tests, individuals with inconclusive results more often underwent subsequent testing, had increased medical costs, and experienced worse outcomes.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01174550.
Occupational therapists’ use of yoga in post-stroke care: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Andrews Alexandra P , Atler Karen E , Dickman Portz Jennifer , VanPuymbroeck Marieke , Rose Caroline M , Schmid Arlene A 
Published: April 2020

Introduction Over the past decade, yoga has gained popularity in health care. The benefits of yoga can go beyond the physical to address the psychosocial and emotional. Such gains can be beneficial for people who have had a stroke. As a leading cause of disability, stroke can lead to challenges returning to daily activities. Occupational therapists may use yoga to promote engagement in daily activities after stroke. This study aimed to understand how and why occupational therapists integrate yoga into stroke rehabilitation. Methods This study involved occupational therapists practicing in the United States. Ten occupational therapists using yoga in practice participated in a semi-structured interview. Interview data were transcribed and analyzed using deductive and inductive coding. Themes emerged from the data related to the benefits of using yoga in stroke rehabilitation. Results According to this study, yoga is currently being used as a treatment technique and merged with occupational therapy. Yoga may promote client-centered recovery; bring “context” to therapy; and address physical, emotional, and psychosocial needs following stroke. Conclusion Individuals who have had a stroke may face challenges related to both physical and psychosocial engagement. The use of yoga in occupational therapy may be beneficial after stroke for both physical and psychosocial rehabilitation.
Mobile Application for Communication Increases the Efficiency of Organ Procurement and Transplantation
Authors: Pahl Eric , Emery Robert W. , Noce Michael , Conrad Suzanne , Patterson Nicole , Timm Brynn 
Published: April 2020

Background: Donor organ recovery is a complex process involving organ procurement organizations and multiple surgical teams from various transplant centers. Nearly 30% of discarded organs are wasted due to reasons related to improper coordination and communication. Problem Statement: Lack of real-time communication results in many hours of preventable delay between procurement and transplant teams resulting in the high volume of organ waste, clinical frustration, and critical delays. Methods: A Plan-Do-Study-Act performance improvement methodology was utilized to design and implement a dedicated mobile communication application (app). Critical time points in the organ offer, procurement, and transplant processes were analyzed from the Report of Organ Offers, and relation coordination metrics were measured. Processes Addressed: Members of procurement and transplant teams in Iowa were interviewed and a dedicated smartphone application was implemented to replace phone calls, e-mails, faxes, and text messages during upcoming kidney offers from July 31, 2017 to July 31, 2018. Outcomes: Teams reported a substantial increase in clinical productivity and case progress awareness, including a noteworthy reduction in phone calls. The relational coordination data indicated substantially higher relationship and communication quality with the app. The Report of Organ Offer data revealed a 35% increase in organs transplanted and a 50% reduction in time from initial organ offer to transplant with the use of the mobile application. Implications for Practice: The use of a dedicated communication application reduces clinical frustration and delays during the coordination of organ offer, procurement, and transplant. Technologies that improve communication have the potential to improve organ utilization.
Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a ready-to-drink bowel preparation in overweight and obese adults: subanalysis by body mass index from a phase III, assessor-blinded study
Authors: Hookey Lawrence , Bertiger Gerald , Johnson Kenneth Lee , Boules Mena , Ando Masakazu , Dahdal David N. 
Published: April 2020

Background: We performed a post hoc secondary analysis for the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of ready-to-drink sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, and citric acid (SPMC oral solution) bowel preparation. Methods: A phase III, randomized, assessor-blinded, multicenter, noninferiority study was conducted comparing split-dose, low-volume SPMC oral solution with a powder formulation for oral solution. A post hoc secondary analysis assessed efficacy, safety, and tolerability of SPMC oral solution stratified by BMI. BMI was classified by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions (underweight and normal weight: BMI < 25 kg/m2; overweight: BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2; class I obesity: BMI 30–34.9 kg/m2; class II obesity: BMI 35–39.9 kg/m2; class III/severe obesity: BMI ⩾40 kg/m2). Prespecified primary efficacy endpoint (‘responders’) was the proportion of participants with ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ ratings on a modified Aronchick Scale (AS). Secondary efficacy outcomes were the quality of cleansing of the right colon as assessed by the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS); as well as selected findings from the Mayo Clinic Bowel Prep Tolerability Questionnaire. Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs) and laboratory evaluations. Results: Between 82.8% and 92.5% of participants in any BMI group were responders by AS, and between 91.3% and 100% were responders by BBPS in the right colon. Efficacy was consistent across BMI groups, with no clear trends. Greater than 83% of participants in any BMI group found the preparation ‘easy’ or ‘acceptable’ to ingest, and the majority (>58%) rated SPMC oral solution as ‘better’ than a prior bowel preparation. In all BMI groups, safety data were similar to the overall cohort. Commonly reported, drug-related, treatment-emergent AEs were, by ascending BMI group, nausea (1.1%, 5.3%, 1.0%, 5.7%, and 0%) and headache (1.1%, 4.1%, 1.0%, 5.7%, and 0%). Conclusions: Ready-to-drink SPMC oral solution had consistent, good quality colon cleansing, and favorable tolerability among participants of all BMI groups. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration: NCT03017235
The Coronary ARteriogenesis with combined Heparin and EXercise therapy in chronic refractory Angina (CARHEXA) trial: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled stress echocardiographic study
Authors: Petrovic Marija T , Djordjevic-Dikic Ana , Giga Vojislav , Boskovic Nikola , Vukcevic Vladan , Cvetic Vladimir , Mladenovic Ana , Radmili Oliver , Markovic Zeljko , Dobric Milan , Aleksandric Srdjan , Tesic Milorad , Juricic Stefan , Nedeljkovic Beleslin Biljana , Stojkovic Sinisa , Ostojic Miodrag C , Beleslin Branko , Picano Eugenio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronary collateral circulation exerts protective effects on myocardial ischaemia due to coronary artery disease and can be promoted by exercise with heparin co-administration. Whether this arteriogenetic effect is accompanied by functional improvement of left ventricle during stress and lessening of angina symptoms remains unknown.AimsTo evaluate the anti-ischaemic efficacy of heparin plus exercise in coronary artery disease.MethodsIn a prospective, single-centre, randomized, double-blind study we recruited 32 ‘no-option’ patients (27 males; mean age 61 ± 8 years) with stable angina, exercise-induced ischaemia and coronary artery disease not suitable for revascularization. All underwent a two-week cycle of exercise (two exercise sessions per day, five days per week) and were randomized (n = 16 per group) to intravenous placebo (0.9% saline) versus unfractionated heparin (5.000 IU intravenously), 10 min prior to exercise. We assessed Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina class, stress electrocardiogram and echo parameters (wall motion score index) and computed tomography angiography for collaterals.ResultsAfter two-week cycle, Canadian Cardiovascular Society class statistically decreased in both groups (heparin plus exercise group: 2.6 ± 0.7 to 1.9 ± 0.7, p &lt; 0.001, exercise group: 2.4 ± 0.7 to 2.1 ± 0.9, p = 0.046). Only the heparin plus exercise group improved time-to-ST segment depression (before 270, 228–327 s vs. after 339, 280–360 s, p = 0.012) and wall motion score index (before 1.38 ± 0.25 vs. after 1.28 ± 0.18, p = 0.005). By multi-slice computed tomography angiography, collaterals improved in 12/15 (80%) in the heparin plus exercise group versus 2/16 (12.5%) in the exercise group (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionA two-week, 10-test cycle of heparin plus exercise is better than exercise in improving angina class, myocardial ischaemia and collaterals by computed tomography angiography.