bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anglo-American Multinationals in Europe: The Curious Case of Hudson’s Bay Company Taking over Galeria Kaufhof
Authors: Gebert Raoul 
Published: October 2019

Multinational corporations are undeniably the driving force of globalization and regional economic integration. A convenient institutional framework (Hall and Soskice, 2001) to apply when comparing multinationals from different host countries is the well-travelled road of dividing capitalist economies into coordinated market economies (CMEs) and liberal market economies (LMEs). This article aims to elucidate the tensions between centralized human resources practices and labour union avoidance usually exhibited by multinationals from so-called Liberal Market Economies (LMEs) when they expand into coordinated ones (CMEs). Specifically, it examines the recent acquisition of the German retail giantGaleria Kaufhofby the Canadian multinational Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC).The article shows that HBC has settled into an uneasy acceptance of the CME institutions, while its investment motives vacillate between a long-term, market-enlargement strategy and a short- to medium-term one, based on the rapidly increasing real estate value of its downtown flagship stores. The article encourages researchers in IR to retain three principal conclusions for the literature and for further study. First, without predetermining outcomes by looking at host-country or home-country effects alone, institutionalist frameworks do present a convenient backdrop for conceptualizing movements of multinationals across jurisdictions. Secondly, concepts such as bricolage, recombining of institutional elements and institutional entrepreneurship, stemming from the institutional change literature, should routinely figure in one’s analytical toolbox, in any attempt at non-deterministic institutional analysis. Finally, sector-level actors, such as trade unions and employers’ associations, can play an essential role in any successful adaptation of collective bargaining institutions in the context of globalization by developing, maintaining and carefully utilizing their repertoire of strategic capabilities.
Mandatory Dues Check-off Reviewed in Light of the US Supreme Court’s Decision in the Janus Case
Authors: Trudeau Gilles 
Published: October 2019

The United States Supreme Court has recently ruled in the Janus Case that the agency shop (mandatory dues check-off) imposed by Illinois law on state employees violates the freedom of expression and association guaranteed by the US Constitution. This decision underscores the profoundly different status enjoyed by the Rand Formula in Canada, where it is considered an essential element of the nation-wide Wagner-type collective bargaining system. Not only is it permitted everywhere, legislation has made it mandatory, in one way or another, in a majority of Canadian jurisdictions, including Quebec. Furthermore, almost 30 years ago, the Supreme Court of Canada recognized that mandatory dues check-off did not interfere with the freedom of association or expression protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
The effect of habitat changes along the urbanization gradient for breeding birds: an example from the Xiong’an New Area
Authors: Xie Shilin , Su Yuebo , Xu Weihua , Cai Wenbo , Wang Xiaoke , Lu Fei , Ouyang Zhiyun 
Published: October 2019

Background
Because of its status as an ecocivilization pilot city, fundamental research on spatial distribution patterns and impact factors of the avian community within the Xiong’an New Area is necessary for future ecological planning and mitigation of negative impacts from future urbanization. Gradient research within small cities can provide important information for the development of urbanization gradient patterns of avian communities.

Methods
A total of 30 sample points within the urbanization gradient were selected, and avian communities and environmental variables were measured within a 50 m radius sample circle. Principal component regression analysis was used to analyze bird-environment relationships. The Sorensen dissimilarity index was used to calculate the beta-diversity.

Results
Our results showed that there was a significant urban-rural pattern with a gradient phenomenon in avian communities. Results of this study showed more resident, passenger and insectivore species, and a higher density of breeding insectivore and omnivore individuals appear in the urban fringe than in the other areas. A relatively high value of overall beta-diversity and spatial isolation probably exists among the three disjunct constructed regions. Both species richness and individual abundance were significantly influenced by the species diversity of the trees and foliage height diversity (FHD).

Discussion
Based on our results and our goal of avian species diversity conservation, we first suggest that urban green spaces be established and ensure a high complexity of vegetation structure as this is critically needed to increase avian species α-diversity within habitat patches. Second, different habitat types within and around the three constructed areas should be developed based on the important existing bird habitats to increase avian diversity in each city, especially in the areas within Xiongxian and Rongcheng that are well protected, and to elevate the beta-diversity of the total region. Finally, based on the biodiversity hotspots identified by this research, ecological corridors should be carefully planned to improve the stability of regional bird communities.
Symptomatic menopausal transition and risk of subsequent stroke
Authors: Yu Chao-Hung , Kor Chew-Teng , Weng Shuo-Chun , Chang Chia-Chu , Chen Ching-Pei , Wu Chia-Lin 
Published: October 2019

Objective
To examine the long-term risk of stroke in women who have experienced symptomatic menopausal transition.

Methods
In this nationwide, population-based cohort study conducted from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2013, we identified 22,058 women with no prior history of stroke, who experienced symptomatic menopausal transition at ≥45 years of age. Moreover, 22,058 women without symptomatic menopause were matched by propensity scores and enrolled as a comparison group. The propensity score was calculated by using all characteristic variables of each subject, including demographics (age and monthly income), comorbidities (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dysrhythmia, peripheral artery occlusive disease), Charlson’s comorbidity index score, clinic visit frequency, and long-term medications (antihypertensives, antidiabetic agents, statins, antiplatelets, aspirin, warfarin, and hormone replacement therapy). The primary endpoint was the development of stroke after the onset of symptomatic menopausal transition. The Fine and Gray’s proportional subhazards model was performed to assess the association between symptomatic menopausal transition and subsequent stroke. All subjects were followed up until December 31, 2013.

Results
During a mean follow-up of 8.5 years (standard deviation 4.7 years, maximum 14 years), 2,274 (10.31%) women with symptomatic menopausal transition, and 1,184 (5.37%) matched comparison participants developed stroke. The incidence rates were 11.17 per 1,000 person-years in the symptomatic menopausal transition group compared with 8.57 per 1,000 person-years in the comparison group. The risk of developing stroke was significantly higher in women with symptomatic menopausal transition (crude subhazard ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.22–1.41]; P < 0.001). After adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, clinic visit frequency, and long-term medications, the risk of stroke remained statistically significant (adjusted subhazard ratio, 1.30; 95% CI [1.21–1.40]; P < 0.001). Moreover, subgroup analyses revealed no evidence for inconsistent effects for symptomatic menopausal transition on subsequent risk of stroke across all subgroups except age, comorbidities, hypertension, and use of antihypertensives. Women with early menopausal transition (before age 50), without comorbid condition, without hypertension, or without use of antihypertensives are at a higher risk of stroke. The longer duration of symptomatic menopausal transition was associated with higher risk of stroke (P for trend < 0.001).

Conclusion
In this large-scale retrospective cohort study, symptomatic menopausal transition was statistically significantly associated with a 30% increased risk of stroke. Further prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.
A bibliometric analysis of IL-35 research from 2009 to 2018
Authors: Cai Xulong , Zhou Chenrong , Zhou Li , Xu Qiaolan 
Published: October 2019

Background
Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a recently discovered cytokine that plays a role in immune suppression and has therefore been the subject of a great deal of research. A bibliometric analysis of the global research concerning IL-35, however, is rare.

Objectives
The aim of this research was to assess the international scientific output of IL-35 research and explore its hotspots and frontiers from 2009 to 2018 by bibliometric analysis.

Methods
Publications about IL-35 research from 2009 to 2018 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Citespace V was used to analyze years, journals, countries, research institutions, areas of exploration, research hotspots, and trends of publication.

Results
We retrieved a total of 416 publications and observed a trend of publications increasing over the past decade. Original articles (351) were the most frequently occurring document type. The largest number of publications belonging to one country and one institution, respectively, was China (202) and Tianjin Medical University (17). Trending keywords may indicate frontier topics, including “infectious tolerance,” “autoimmune,” and “central nervous system.”

Conclusion
This study provides valuable information on the study of IL-35 so that researchers may identify new research fields.
Occurrence of Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria in Some Selected Street Food Samples
Authors: El-Sayed Mohamed H. 
Published: October 2019

Antimicrobial resistance is a subject of great concern in the public health. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among food pathogens has increased during recent decades.
Studying the incidence and antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial species isolated from fish and vended street fruits.
Eleven fish swabs and thirteen sliced fruit samples were collected and prepared for isolation of bacterial species through inoculation onto selective and non-selective nutrient media. The grown colonies were purified through subculturing on nutrient agar plates then identified by morphological and biochemical methods. The obtained pure cultures were then kept on nutrient agar slants. Testing antibiotic resistance of the isolated bacterial strains was studied by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar using ten antibiotics belonging to different classes. The resultant inhibition zone was interpreted according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute.
Twenty-eight bacterial cultures were isolated from the collected food samples. The conventional identification using morphological and biochemical methods of these cultures revealed presence of three Gram positive species; Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp. and Bacillus subtilis in addition to four Gram negative; Escherichia coli, Brucella sp., Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabilis. The incidence of the obtained bacterial species was arranged as 29.16% for both S. aureus and E. faecalis followed by Brucella sp. 16.66%; B. subtilis & E. coli 12.5% then Streptococcus sp. and P. mirabilis with an incidence of 8.33% each. Testing antibiotic resistance pattern of seven bacterial species against ten antibiotics showed that, among three Gram positive bacterial species, only one (33.33%) strain S. aureus exhibited resistance to six antibiotics; amoxicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, fluconazole and dicloxacillin. Among four Gram negative bacterial strains only one (25.0%) strain Enterococcus faecalis exhibited resistance to eight antibiotics; amoxicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin and cloxacillin.
Occurrence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in fish and vended street fruits poses not only risk of disease to the foods but public health hazard to food handlers and consumers in general. Also the result of this study recommended augmentin and cephazolin as good choice antibiotics for treatment of infection in the study area.
ENTRE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E AÇÕES JUDICIAIS: ATENÇÃO PARA HOMENS AUTORES DE VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER NO ESTADO DA BAHIA
Authors: Oliveira Anderson Eduardo Carvalho de , Tavares Márcia Santana 
Published: October 2019

<p>Desde o advento da Lei Maria da Penha, os debates sobre serviços de responsabilização e educação para homens autores de violência contra mulheres têm se intensificado no Brasil. Ainda em número bastante reduzido, tais serviços encontram uma série de dificuldades para se firmar enquanto política nacional específica de enfrentamento à violência contra a mulher, seja pela inexistência de recursos contínuos, seja pelas controvérsias acerca dos desenhos metodológicos que assumem. Neste trabalho, buscamos mapear ações desenvolvidas no interior do Estado da Bahia, bem como as repercussões que têm provocado entre os/as gestores/as de políticas públicas. Para tanto, valemo-nos de dados produzidos a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas e semidiretivas aplicadas com representantes de instituições públicas voltadas ao enfrentamento da violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher, instaladas em 19 (dezenove) municípios do Estado. As entrevistas foram realizadas nos últimos meses de 2015, por ocasião da elaboração do Planejamento Integral Básico – PIB, desenvolvido pela Secretaria de Políticas para as Mulheres do Estado da Bahia, cuja finalidade era sistematizar as ações do Estado para o Pacto de Enfrentamento à Violência contra a Mulher, do qual participamos na condição de pesquisadores. Os resultados apontam para o desenvolvimento de tímidas ações ligadas ao Tribunal de Justiça e alguns atendimentos no âmbito de serviços especializados para as mulheres em situação de violência doméstica e familiar, em total afronta às diretrizes gerais fixadas pela Secretaria de Políticas para as Mulheres da Presidência da República. </p>
CONDICIONALIDADES E EFETIVIDADE DO PROGRAMA BOLSA FAMÍLIA: UMA ANÁLISE DE 2000 A 2014
Authors: Montiel Isadora Martins , Troian Alessandra , Breitenbach Raquel 
Published: October 2019

<p>Nas últimas décadas o debate acerca da pobreza vem ganhando destaque no cenário global. No Brasil, a pobreza sempre foi um fator de relevância, já que ela atinge parte significativa da população. O presente estudo objetiva analisar a efetividade do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) através do acompanhamento dos dados das condicionalidades nas áreas da educação e da saúde no período de 2005 a 2014. Metodologicamente a pesquisa classifica-se como qualitativa, a partir do método dedutivo. Realizou-se a análise de dados secundários do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS); do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Agrário (MDS); e de relatórios do Programa das Nações Unidas para o desenvolvimento – Brasil (PNUD-BRASIL). Os resultados indicam que o Programa Bolsa Família melhorou as condições de vida de seus beneficiários através do auxílio financeiro e, principalmente, pelo acesso à educação e a saúde, aumentando os níveis de frequência escolar e acompanhamentos médicos básicos. A melhora nas condições de vida também fica evidente nos resultados do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano do período. </p>
Delivery of Immunotherapeutic Nanoparticles to Tumors via Enzyme‐Directed Assembly
Authors: Battistella Claudia , Callmann Cassandra E. , Thompson Matthew P. , Yao Shiyin , Yeldandi Anjana V. , Hayashi Tomoko , Carson Dennis A. , Gianneschi Nathan C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAmphiphilic diblock copolymers are prepared by ring opening metathesis polymerization, with one block containing hydrophobic Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists and one block containing hydrophilic peptides as substrates for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). A fluorescent label is incorporated into the polymer chains for in vivo imaging. Upon dialysis against aqueous solution, polymers form 15 nm spherical micelles. Subsequent exposure to MMP‐9 elicits a morphological change to yield immunostimulatory microscale assemblies. The intravenous (IV) administration of the formulation to mice bearing 4T1 breast cancer tumors results in nanoparticle accumulation in tumors, reduction in primary tumor growth, and inhibition of lung metastases, as compared to saline‐treated animals. Mice administered the parent immunotherapeutic small molecule (1V209) experience significantly increased plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL‐6, IP‐10, and MCP‐1 at 2 h following IV administration, whereas the nanomaterial shows no increase over saline‐treated controls. These data suggest that covalently packaging low molecular weight immunotherapeutics at high weight percent loadings in enzyme‐responsive nanoparticles maintains drug efficacy while decreasing immunotoxicity, providing a platform for cancer immunotherapeutic delivery.
Suppressing Interfacial Dipoles to Minimize Open‐Circuit Voltage Loss in Quantum Dot Photovoltaics
Authors: Lim Hunhee , Kim Donghun , Choi Min‐Jae , Sargent Edward H. , Jung Yeon Sik , Kim Jin Young 
Published: October 2019

AbstractQuantum‐dot (QD) photovoltaics (PVs) offer promise as energy‐conversion devices; however, their open‐circuit‐voltage (VOC) deficit is excessively large. Previous work has identified factors related to the QD active layer that contribute to VOC loss, including sub‐bandgap trap states and polydispersity in QD films. This work focuses instead on layer interfaces, and reveals a critical source of VOC loss: electron leakage at the QD/hole‐transport layer (HTL) interface. Although large‐bandgap organic materials in HTL are potentially suited to minimizing leakage current, dipoles that form at an organic/metal interface impede control over optimal band alignments. To overcome the challenge, a bilayer HTL configuration, which consists of semiconducting alpha‐sexithiophene (α‐6T) and metallic poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiphene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), is introduced. The introduction of the PEDOT:PSS layer between α‐6T and Au electrode suppresses the formation of undesired interfacial dipoles and a Schottky barrier for holes, and the bilayer HTL provides a high electron barrier of 1.35 eV. Using bilayer HTLs enhances the VOC by 74 mV without compromising the JSC compared to conventional MoO3 control devices, leading to a best power conversion efficiency of 9.2% (>40% improvement relative to relevant controls). Wider applicability of the bilayer strategy is demonstrated by a similar structure based on shallow lowest‐unoccupied‐molecular‐orbital (LUMO) levels.
Dimensionally Engineered Perovskite Heterostructure for Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Heo Sung , Seo Gabseok , Cho Kyung Taek , Lee Yonghui , Paek Sanghyun , Kim Sung , Seol Minsu , Kim Seong Heon , Yun Dong‐Jin , Kim Kihong , Park Jucheol , Lee Jaehan , Lechner Lorenz , Rodgers Thomas , Chung Jong Won , Kim Ju‐Sik , Lee Dongwook , Choi Suk‐Ho , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough 2D|3D has shown potential for application in multifunctional devices, the principle of operation for multifunction devices (SOLAR Cell‐LED: SOLED) has not yet been revealed. However, most studies have reported that the devices have only one auspicious characteristic. Here in this study the SOLED devices are monitored and investigated in a 2D|3D heterostructure with a multidimensional perovskite. It is fond that a 2D|3D heterostructure with a multidimensional perovskite interface induces carrier transmission from the interface, increasing the density of electrons and holes, and increasing their recombination. An interface‐engineered perovskite 2D|3D‐heterojunction structure is employed to realize the multifunctional photonic device in on‐chip, exhibiting overall power conversion efficiencies of photovoltaics up to 21.02% under AM1.5, and external quantum efficiency of the light‐emitting diode up to 5.13%. This novel phenomenon is attributed to carrier transfer resulting in a high carrier density and enhanced carrier recombination at the 2D|3D interface.
A computational analysis of art historical linked data for assessing authoritativeness of attributions
Authors: Daquino Marilena 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this article a comparative analysis of art historical linked open data are presented. The result of the analysis is a conceptual framework of Information Quality (IQ) measures designed for validating contradictory sources of attribution on the basis of a documentary, evidence‐based approach. The aim is to develop an ontology‐based ranking model for recommending artwork attributions and support historians and catalogers' decision‐making process. The conceptual framework was evaluated by means of a user study and the evaluation of a web application leveraging the aforementioned ranking model. The results of the survey demonstrate that the findings satisfy users' expectations and are potentially applicable to other types of information in the arts and humanities field.
Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective case‐control study
Authors: Wang Xing‐Zhizi , Tang Wei‐Zhong , Su Qun‐Ying , Yao Jin‐Guang , Huang Xiao‐Ying , Long Qin‐Qin , Wu Xue‐Min , Xia Qiang , Long Xi‐Dai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 4 (ADAMTS4) may involve in the pathogenesis of some diseases. However, it is not clear whether they are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A hospital‐based case‐control study, including 862 cases with HCC and 1120 controls, was conducted to assess the effects of 258 SNPs in the coding regions of ADAMTS4 on HCC risk and prognosis. We found that six SNPs in ADAMTS4 were differential distribution between cases and controls via the primary screening analyses; however, only rs538321148 and rs1014509103 polymorphisms were further identified to modify the risk of HCC (odds ratio: 2.73 and 2.95; 95% confidence interval, 2.28‐3.29 and 2.43‐3.58; P‐value, 5.73 × 10−27 and 1.36 × 10−27, respectively). Significant interaction between these two SNPs and two known causes of hepatitis B virus and aflatoxin B1 were also observed. Furthermore, rs538321148 and rs1014509103 polymorphisms were associated not only with clinicopathological features of tumor such as tumor stage and grade, microvessel density, and vessel metastasis, but with poor overall survival. Additionally, these SNPs significantly downregulated ADATMS4 expression in tumor tissues. These data suggest that SNPs in the coding region of ADAMTS4, such as rs538321148 and rs1014509103, may be potential biomarkers for predicting HCC risk and prognosis.