bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal versus Nocturnal Exercise—Effect on the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: GASKELL STEPHANIE K. , RAUCH CHRISTOPHER E. , PARR ALEXANDRA , COSTA RICARDO J. S. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The study aimed to determine the effect of diurnal versus nocturnal exercise on gastrointestinal integrity and functional responses, plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) concentrations (as indirect indicators of endotoxin responses), systemic inflammatory cytokine profile, gastrointestinal symptoms, and feeding tolerance.

Methods
Endurance runners (n = 16) completed 3 h of 60% V˙O2max (22.7°C, 45% relative humidity) running, on one occasion performed at 0900 h (400 lx; DAY) and on another occasion at 2100 h (2 lx; NIGHT). Blood samples were collected pre- and postexercise and during recovery to determine plasma concentrations of cortisol, catecholamines, claudin-3, I-FABP, LBP, and sCD14 and inflammatory cytokine profiles by ELISA. Orocecal transit time (OCTT) was determined by lactulose challenge test given at 150 min, with concomitant breath hydrogen (H2) and gastrointestinal symptom determination.

Results
Cortisol increased substantially pre- to postexercise on NIGHT (+182%) versus DAY (+4%) (trial–time, P = 0.046), with no epinephrine (+41%) and norepinephrine (+102%) trial differences. I-FABP, but not claudin-3, increased pre- to postexercise on both trials (mean = 2269 pg·mL−1, 95% confidence interval = 1351–3187, +143%) (main effect of time [MEOT], P < 0.001). sCD14 increased pre- to postexercise (trial–time, P = 0.045, +5.6%) and was greater on DAY, but LBP decreased (MEOT, P = 0.019, −11.2%) on both trials. No trial difference was observed for systemic cytokine profile (MEOT, P = 0.004). Breath H2 responses (P = 0.019) showed that OCTT was significantly delayed on NIGHT (>84 min, with n = 3 showing no breath H2 turning point by 180 min postexercise) compared with DAY (mean = 54 min, 95% confidence interval = 29–79). NIGHT resulted in greater total gastrointestinal symptoms (P = 0.009) compared with DAY. No difference in feeding tolerance markers was observed between trials.

Conclusion
Nocturnal exercise instigates greater gastrointestinal functional perturbations and symptoms compared with diurnal exercise. However, there are no circadian differences to gastrointestinal integrity and systemic perturbations in response to the same exertional stress and controlled procedures.
Children and young people's experiences of living with developmental coordination disorder/dyspraxia: study protocol for a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: O'Dea Áine , Coote Susan , Robinson Katie 
Published: October 2020

Background Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) face significant challenges to deal with everyday activities due to underlying motor proficiency difficulties. These challenges affect children and young people’s participation; that is, involvement in daily life situations. Recent years have seen a growing body of qualitative research examining children’s experiences of living with DCD. Meta-ethnographic synthesis offers a rigorous approach to bring together the findings of discrete qualitative studies to be synthesised in order to advance the conceptual understanding of living with DCD, which is not well conceptualised in the literature to date. Conducting a meta-ethnographic synthesis will help to illuminate the meaning of children and young people’s experiences of DCD regarding their involvement in everyday activities and situations. Aim This study aims to systematically review and synthesise qualitative literature regarding children and young people’s experiences and views of everyday life and living with DCD. Methods The method of qualitative evidence synthesis that will be followed in this review is a meta-ethnography. The eMERGe and PRISMA reporting guidelines will be adhered to. Ten databases will be searched; Academic Search Complete, AMED, CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsychArticles, PsychInfo, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. The Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist will be used by two independent reviewers to appraise all included papers. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019129178 Discussion The findings of this meta-ethnography will endeavour to inform future research, policy and practice. In particular, the results will help to inform the design of future complex interventions to meet the needs of children and young people with DCD. Dissemination will involve the publication of the results in a peer-reviewed journal. Increasingly researchers and policymakers are calling for services to be informed by the perspective and voice of children with DCD. Therefore, a policy brief will be published so that the findings are widely available.
Cancer Stem Cells as a new promising approach of efficient oncological treatment - the review of literature
Authors: Szumna Klaudia Daria , Piędel Faustyna , Jasielski Patryk , Grosman Sylwia , Habaj Kamila , Filip Agata 
Published: October 2020

Introduction and purpose:For many years a lot of research projects have been conducted with the aim to discover special cells, which are responsible for a neoplasm development. One of the theories concerns cancer stem cells (CSCs). This theory presumes the existence of original, undifferentiated cancer cells. These cells are capable of transform to all types of cells in neoplasm mass. The purpose of this study was to review the currently available data about the theory of CSCs and especially potential usage of this theory in oncological treatment. Pubmed and Scopus databases from the last 10 years were searched for phrase “cancer stem cells”. A brief description of the state of knowledge: Impaired signalling pathways lead to an occurrence of CSCs which may contribute to the development of neoplasm eventually. It is proved, that gamma secretase inhibitors impede Notch signalling pathway, which leads to a decrease of tumour markers expression and consequently decline in vivo tumour growth. It is believed that epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histones alteration and RNA orientation are pivotal regulators of CSCs. It was shown, that histone deacetylases (HDAC) modulate refractoriness on chemotherapy in haematological tumours. It is also evidenced that peculiar designed microRNA directly inhibit CD44 which suppresses prostatic cancer stem cells and its metastases. CSCs have high expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) including breast and colon cancer, which proclaims in favour of immunotherapy aimed on CSCs. Conclusions:Constantly growing knowledge about CSCs biology is creating new opportunities of detection, isolation and design of the therapies aimed on CSCs.
Level of knowledge of prevention of hepatitis C virus infection among nursing students
Authors: Sierpińska Lidia , Kuleta Edyta 
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) may lead to the severe form of chronic hepatitis C. According to the relevant literature, the percentage of infected population worldwide is approximately 2-3%, while in Poland it is about 1.4%. The incidence of hepatitis C is showing an upward tendency. The routes of infection with HCV are mainly associated with the disruption of tissue continuity, contact with infected blood, and via contact with infected medical equipment. The prevention of HCV infection in medical facilities is conditioned by non-specific prophylaxis, the essence of which is the cutting-off of transmission routes. Objective. The aim of the study was assessment of the level of knowledge concerning prevention of infection with hepatitis C virus among students of nursing at the Higher School in Radom. Material and Methods. The study was conducted in the first half of 2018, among 141 licentiate students of nursing at the Higher School in Radom. The research method was a diagnostic survey using a questionnaire technique. Results. The majority of respondents (98.6%) indicated the correct answer and reported that HCV is the ‘hepatitis C virus’. A large group of the examined students (94.3%) knew that ‘contact with infected blood’ may be the source of infection with HCV. The vast majority of respondents (87.9%) reported that infection with HCV may take place ‘for example, during a visit to a hairdresser or beautician, when there occurs damage to the skin’. The majority of adolescents (86.5%) knew that ‘everyone’ is exposed to HCV infection. More than a half of the students in the study (56.0%) knew that approximately 700,000 people in Poland are infected with HCV. In the opinions of the majority of respondents (88.7%) the best diagnostic method in infection with hepatitis C virus is ‘blood test for anti-HCV antibodies’. The largest number of students (61.0%) knew that there is no vaccine against hepatitis C, because the efforts to develop this vaccine have failed due to the high variability of the virus. A small group of the examined students (39.0%) had knowledge concerning the possibilities of curing a patient infected with HCV, as long as the disease is diagnosed early. The collected research material was statistically analyzed using the software StatSoft Statistica 13.1 PL and Microsoft Office software package. Non-parametric Pearson's chi-squared test was used. The p values p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Conclusions. The examined students had a high level of knowledge concerning the essence and situations of risk of infection with HCV. Students at the specialty of nursing should be motivated to expand their knowledge pertaining to prophylaxis of infection with hepatitis C virus. The risk of infection with HCV associated with occupational exposure should be considered while educating students of the specialty of nursing.
The number of passively smoked cigarettes and the risk of lung cancer among the inhabitants of the Lubelskie Region (2013-2017)
Authors: Chudzik Robert , Rybojad Beata , Rybojad Paweł 
Published: October 2020

According to WHO, clean air is considered as one of the basic criterion influencing human health. Airborne particulate matters (PM) 2,5 are mixtures of organic and inorganic particles smaller than 2.5 µm. They have broad negative effect on health especially on respiratory and cardiovascular system. They could increase the sensitivity to air ways infections, worsen: allergic diseases, hypertension, myocardial infarction and also increase the risk of neoplastic diseases. NO2 pollution arises mainly during burning of fossil fuels, which is mainly related to road transport. On the basis of numerous scientific research, it is believed that the long term exposure to NO2 could increase inflammation and eventually lead to higher cancer morbidity. We analyzed the data available in the Polish National Cancer Registry (PNCR), Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection and Air Quality Guidelines, We checked air pollution by the means of PM2.5and NO2 and thanks to mathematical equation delivered by Saskia C. van der Zee converted them into number of passively smoked cigarettes. Above data we compared to lung cancer morbidity in Lubelskie Region.Based on the latest available data and literature, we can conclude that in 2013-2017 each inhabitant of Lubelskie Region smoked average 8 cigarettes a day +/- 2. The incidence of lung cancer is more or less the same number. After 75 years everyone in the exanimated region had 30 package-years of passive smoking and high risk of lung cancer. Over same period of time cumulative risk of lung cancer according to PNCR were in women almost 2% and in men almost 6%Air quality in Poland is not satisfactory, exceeding the standards presented in the WHO Guidelines 2005, we can assume that this translates into a high risk of the incidence of lung cancer among our inhabitants.
Unclear etiology and current hypotheses of the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia
Authors: Drozd Małgorzata , Marzęda Magdalena , Blicharz Agnieszka , Czarnota Jakub , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina 
Published: October 2020

Introduction and purpose: Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition affecting almost 2% of the general population, mostly women. The main symptoms are chronic diffuse musculoskeletal pain or stiffness, tiredness, nonrestorative sleep, anxiety, depression and cognitive dysfunction. The etiology of fibromyalgia remains unclear and has been the subject of debate and scientific investigation. The aim of this article was to collect and analyse current and new information on the etiology of fibromyalgia and present the most popular hypotheses.Brief description of the state of knowledge: Pathogenesis of fibromyalgia is multifactorial. Genetic factors, in addition to environmental factors, such as psychical stress and various types of infection, are considered to be the triggers of the disease. Central sensitization became a commonly accepted hypothesis of the fibromyalgia’s pathogenesis. However, the newest finding of small fiber neuropathy in patients with fibromyalgia supports another hypothesis, in which the disease is presented as stress-related dysautonomia with neuropathic pain features.Conclusions: Understanding the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia is essential to provide the best care to the patients with fibromyalgia. Although there are multiple evidence for central sensitization hypothesis, new findings continue to emerge and question commonly accepted paradigm. Despite numerous findings on etiology of fibromyalgia, more studies are needed.
A survey of the state of dietary knowledge of students of the medical faculty of Polish Medical Universities
Authors: Czarnota Jakub , Marzęda Magdalena , Dobrzyński Michał , Skubel Tomasz , Drozd Małgorzata , Sokół Dorota , Blicharz Agnieszka , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Proper nutrition is an important element in pursuit of health. Appropriate selection of macro- and micro-ingredients allows to maintain the correct weight, avoid nutritional deficiencies and many health problems. Despite the fact that the topic of nutrition is primarily the concern of nutritionists, knowledge of nutrition is often helpful also for doctors.Aim is to examine the state of knowledge of medical students studying in Poland on the principles of healthy eating.Material and Methods: An anonymous online survey was conducted. The responses of 140 students of medicine from Polish medical universities were analyzed. Results: Despite the fact that 52.1% of the respondents declared that they are interested in the topic of healthy eating, only 40.3% of the respondents correctly stated that buckwheat is a good source of magnesium in the diet. 72.7% of respondents wrongly thought that olive oil is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet. 78.1% of respondents correctly stated that canned food with a high salt content is a risk factor for stomach cancer. 52.5% of respondents believe that coffee increases the excretion of magnesium in the urine. The same number of respondents correctly considered green tea to be a source of substances similar to caffeine. 59.7% of respondents correctly stated that onions, leeks and cabbage should be avoided while following the diet recommended in irritable bowel syndrome.Conclusion: Despite the expressed interest in the subject of healthy eating by the majority of the surveyed students, the results of the study suggest that the dietetary knowledge of students of the medical faculty of Polish Medical Universities is not very good. In some questions, only about half of the respondents gave correct answers.
Wood dust exposure and risk of sinonasal cancer development
Authors: Ozga Alicja Maria , Obuchowska Aleksandra , Standyło Arkadiusz , Wójcik Justyna , Obuchowska Karolina 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:The incidence of sinonasal cancers (SNCs) is quite rare; they contribute to 0,16% of all malignant tumors and to 3% among head and neck cancers. The survival rate remains poor - it is 59.5% for 5 years. The two most common subtypes are squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC). Both subtypes of SNC are associated to occupational exposures. Main risk factors for SNC include chemical components, wood and textile dusts, nickel and chromium, welding fumes. Thus, people doing particular jobs are at higher risk of SNC. Purpose: Evaluation of the influence of wood dust on SNCs development. Materials and methods: We performed a database research using Pubmed, Google Scholar, Springer Link and ResearchGate and we made review and meta-analysis of relevant studies. We searched for studies analyzing the relationship between wood dust and sinonasal cancer incidence. Results: Studies have shown that the risks of SNCs were great for workers in wood-related jobs, especially cabinetmaking, carpentry or joinery. There was a strong correlation between ADC incidence and wood dust, however the morbidity for SCC was also high. Conclusions: SNCs development is related to the occupational exposures. People engaged in jobs associated with wood processing are at great risk. Proper ventilation and protection is necessary while doing wood-related jobs. Key words: wood dust; nasal sinus carcinoma; occupational exposure; ADC
Robotic Surgery in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnoea Syndrome
Authors: Standyło Arkadiusz , Obuchowska Aleksandra , Wójcik Justyna , Ozga Alicja , Obuchowska Karolina , Trojanowski Piotr 
Published: October 2020

Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea (OSAH) syndrome is a sleep disorder characterised by pauses in breathing (apnoea) or periods of reduced breathing (hypopnoea) during sleep. It results in cerebral hypoxia and a disturbed sleep pattern. The gold standard treatment for OSA is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). However, significant number of patients are not able to tolerate this device and approximately 50% of patients report inability to achieve long term usage to CPAP.Robotic surgery is an emerging technique for sleep surgery. TORS is an alternative treatment for OSA for patients who have failed CPAP treatment or conventional non-robotic sleep surgery. This technology is assisted by remote-controlled miniaturized surgical instruments and magnified visualization with a high-definition three-dimensional camera. Tongue base reduction (TBR) refers to the primary focus of this targeted surgery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).TORS approach for OSA may include 2 different surgical steps frequently combined in the same procedures according to the patient’s features: tongue base reduction and supraglottoplasty (SGP).In the light of the present results and of the literature, TORS tongue-base reduction appears to be effective. With the improved visualization and precise tissue removal provided by robotic surgery, TORS may become more widespread in the treatment of OSA in the coming years. There was an improvement in objective and subjective sleep measures. The comparison among pre-operative and post-operative parameters showed a significant decreasing in post-operative AHI, ESS and an increasing of the lowest SpO2 value.
The use of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of intestinal diseases
Authors: Ręka Gabriela , Nowak Emilia , Psiuk Dominika , Rocka Agata , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina 
Published: October 2020

Introduction and purpose Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a process of transferring gut microflora from a healthy donor to a recipient. It is indicated that the human distal gastrointestinal tract consists of more than 1000 species of bacteria, which have an impact on local and systemic processes related to immunity, nutrition and the gut-brain axis. The growth of new bacterial species, reduction of microbial variety or big changes in the ratio between them can lead to a dysbiosis. The relationship between intestinal microbiota and some systemic diseases is seen.The study aimed to present the state of knowledge on FMT in the treatment of intestinal diseases. Publications from the last 5 years from the Pubmed database were included.A brief description of the state of knowledgeIntestinal diseases constitute the main group of indications for FMT. FMT can be delivered via upper or lower gastrointestinal routes. The review presents different studies concerning the usage of FMT. Among them, recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, colitis ulcerosa, Crohn’s disease and irritable bowel syndrome are mainly indicated in the literature. FMT might find its application also in a treatment of multidrug-resistant organisms colonization, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, gut acute graft-versus-host disease and radiation enteritis. There is a possibility of the occurrence of adverse events from the digestive tract after FMT. However, the studies evaluate them as mostly mild and transient. In some cases it was necessary to repeat FMT to achieve a satisfactory final result.ConclusionsFecal microbiota transplantation gives hope for a safe and effective method of treatment of certain intestinal diseases. There is a need for conducting further analysis of the method.
Influence of vegetarian diet on human body
Authors: Wójcik Piotr , Rogowska Monika , Chyćko Małgorzata , Tomczyk Jan , Sobstyl Anna , Krasowska Danuta , Kozłowska Marta 
Published: October 2020

All over the world there are more vegetarians than in previous years due to many reasons. One of them is positive influence on health what is shown in the latest research. The aim of the article is to review the influence of vegetarian diet on frequent diseases such as: hypertension, obesity,osteoporosis.An analysis of scientific papers from Pubmed and Google Scholar was performed, which most accurately described the issue of impact vegetarian diet on human health. The following keywords have been used in the search:Vegetarian, hypertension, obesity, osteoporosis:vegetarian, hypertension, obesity, osteoporosis.The researchers shown than vegetarians have lover systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure by 10 and 5 mmHg, they also lower overall mortality by 10-15%, risk of heart failure and by ~40%, stroke by~35% and coronary events by 20%. Vegetarians also have statistically lower body mass index. What’s more in this diet is more energy efficient thanks too low food energy density and helps keeping leptin on adequate level. Research has shown than vegetarians have lower mineral bone density than non-vegetarian, although some studies has shown that risk of fractures in vegetarians and non-vegetarians was not affected by diet alternation. Based on the results of the studies above vegetarian diet contributes to lower blood pressure and preventing from cardiovascular diseases. It helps to avoid obesity and to get rid of weights also doesn’t have negative impact on osteoporosis.
Analysis of the safety of using e-cigarettes during pregnancy. The literature review
Authors: Machowiec Piotr Artur , Maksymowicz Marcela , Niemirski Dominik 
Published: October 2020

Introduction and objective: The popularity of e-cigarettes around the world has been increasing in recent years. The reason for this may be a relatively lower cost of use and a lower amount of toxins compared to traditional cigarettes. E-cigarettes are more often picked by women of reproductive age compared to the general group of women. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge: According to recent studies, pregnant women consider e-cigarettes safer than tobacco cigarettes, which may be due to being advertised as a less harmful product compared to traditional cigarettes. Although some electronic cigarettes do not contain nicotine, they also consist of glycol, glycerin, fragrances and heavy metals that may adversely affect the development of the fetus. Furthermore, the statements of some significant healthcare institutions are divided on the safe use of e-cigarettes by pregnant women, even in the case of treating them as an aid in the smoking cessation process. Summary: No clear understanding is noticed regarding the effects of using electronic nicotine delivery systems during pregnancy on maternal, fetal or newborn health, so there is a high need of further studies assessing the safety of these noncombustible tobacco products. However, it can be an feasible alternative to traditional cigarettes, when trying to quit smoking by pregnant women.