bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid hormone treatment improved the response to maximum exercise test and preserved the ventricular geometry in myocardial infarcted rats
Authors: Teixeira Rayane Brinck , Zimmer Alexsandra , Godoy Alessandra Eifler Guerra , de Castro Alexandre Luz , Campos‐Carraro Cristina , Belló‐Klein Adriane , da Rosa Araujo Alex Sander 
Published: July 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Does thyroid hormone treatment given after myocardial infarction preserve left ventricular function and treadmill exercise performance, and improve parameters of oxidative stress in the right ventricle and lungs of Wistar rats?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Thyroid hormone treatment improved the performance of the maximum exercise test in infarcted rats and induced effects in the heart and lungs that were similar to those observed with exercise training. This suggests there is a significant value of thyroid hormones for preserving exercise tolerance after myocardial infarction.

AbstractLeft ventricular myocardial infarction (MI) provokes damage in the heart and in other tissues, such as right ventricle and lungs. The present study elucidated whether thyroid hormone treatment (THT) may present positive effects in heart and lungs after MI, and whether or not these effects are similar to those of exercise training (ET). Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sham operated (SHAM), infarcted (MI), infarcted + exercise training (MIE), and infarcted + thyroid hormones (MIH). A maximum exercise test, left ventricle echocardiography, pulmonary histology, and oxidative stress in the right ventricle and lung were evaluated. THT and ET both reduced left ventricular dilatation and end‐diastolic wall stress indexes to a similar extent. MI accentuated the content of macrophages and inflammatory infiltrate in the lungs, which was partially prevented in the MIH and MIE groups. THT and ET presented similar effects in the heart and lungs, and both improved the performance of the maximum exercise test in infarcted animals.
A Mixture Theory Model for Blood Combined With Low-Density Lipoprotein Transport to Predict Early Atherosclerosis Regions in Idealized and Patient-Derived Abdominal Aorta
Authors: Ameenuddin Mohammed , Anand Mohan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Genesis and onset of atherosclerosis are greatly influenced by hemodynamic forces. Two-phase transient computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations are performed using a mixture theory model for blood, and a transport equation for low-density lipoprotein (LDL), in idealized and patient-derived abdominal aorta to predict the sites at risk for atherosclerosis. Flow patterns at different time instants and relevant hemodynamic indicators—wall shear stress (WSS)-based (time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and relative residence time (RRT)), and LDL concentration—are used concurrently to predict the susceptible sites of atherosclerosis. In the case of idealized geometry, flow recirculations are observed on the posterior wall opposite the superior mesenteric artery and below the renal bifurcations. Low TAWSS, high OSI, high RRT and high concentration of LDL are observed in these regions. This suggests that in idealized abdominal aorta, the posterior wall proximal to the renal artery junction is more prone to atherosclerosis. This matches qualitatively with the experimental and simulation data in the literature. In the case of patient-derived geometry, flow reversal, low TAWSS, high OSI and high RRT are observed infrarenal on the anterior wall. Further, high concentration of LDL is observed at the same location on the anterior wall suggesting anterior wall distal to the renal artery junction is more prone to atherosclerosis. These findings demonstrate the use of a novel method to predict the sites at risk for atherosclerosis in geometries where complexities like junctions and curvature play a major role.
Analysis Methods for High Energy Line Break Jet Flows in Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Charrouf Marwan , Kauffman Storm , Yoon Jin-Kyoo , Lee Sang-Gyu , Kim Taejoon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The effects of postulated accidents, including dynamic effects of pipe ruptures, must be analyzed for licensing of nuclear power plants (NPPs). Applicants and licensees of NPPs have struggled to address U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) expectations to assess if high energy line break (HELB) jet impingement on structures and components can lead to dynamic amplification, and to accurately simulate blast wave-induced loadings. In this paper, evaluation of the potential for load amplification and occurrence of resonance conclusively demonstrates that the phenomenon does not occur. In a HELB, several physical parameters of jets issuing from a ruptured pipe—such as nonequilibrium condensation of steam, unsteady separation between the jet exit and target, nonorthogonal alignment of jet axis to impingement surface, uneven impingement surfaces, or mismatch of jet excitation frequency and target natural frequency—prevent occurrence of the phase lock conditions needed to initiate and maintain a resonance. The analytical approach to evaluate the blast wave-induced loading applied a pressure vessel burst (PVB) correlation instead of performing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis for all break locations. Three-dimensional (3D) CFD analysis of blast wave transient propagation provided the basis to develop benchmarking factors for use with the PVB correlation. The simplified methodology utilizes shockwave reflection, shape, and environment factors for application to impacted targets, which significantly reduces the amount of time to evaluate all break locations. The modified PVB method is also more appropriate than an explosion-type correlation to model the blast wave pressures from steam pipe breaks.
Thermomechanical Modeling of a Sleeve Rehabilitation System for Pressure Pipes
Authors: Pérez José David , Maury Heriberto , Bris Jorge , Ojeda Marianella 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The thermomechanical modeling of a sleeve rehabilitation system for pressure pipes is studied including temperature effect on system behavior. The rehabilitation system consists of a multicylinder axisymmetric layer system, with an intermediate layer of epoxy resins and two outer steel covers that are longitudinally welded forming a sleeve. The analysis is conducted over several stages; initially, the incidence of temperature on the rigidity of three types of resins currently available on the market is experimentally evaluated. Then, nonlinear relationships between rigidity and temperature are established from the evaluation of the resins, which are typical of an inhomogeneous material. The resins exhibit a significant loss of rigidity with temperature, generating a risk of delamination that could drastically reduce the effectiveness of the rehabilitation system in the event of possible temperature rises. An analytical model was developed to calculate contact pressures between the resin layer and the external sleeve, internal pipeline displacements, stresses, and deformations. Finally, contour plots were developed for different temperature, pressure levels, and pipe thickness as a graphics tool to predict pipeline failure due to plastic deformation or rupture.
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Formation Mechanism of Flow Field in a Side-Ported Rotary Engine Considering Apex Seal Leakage
Authors: Fan Baowei , Zhang Yaoyuan , Pan Jianfeng , Wang Yuanguang , Otchere Peter 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The aim of this research is to investigate the influences of apex seal leakage on the formation mechanism of flow field in a side-ported rotary engine by particle image velocimetry (PIV) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In this study, a PIV was used to acquire the two-dimensional (2D) flow field on the rotor housing central plane at an engine speed of 700 rpm. A three-dimensional (3D) dynamic simulation model considering leakage through apex seals was established and verified by the 2D-PIV experiment results. Thereafter, CFD analysis was used to further understand the 3D flow field in combustion chamber under the action of apex seal leakage. The simulation results showed that for the three engine speeds (2000, 3500, and 5000 rpm), in the intake stroke, the vortex generated in the front end of combustion chamber under the condition with no leakage, was strengthened and destroyed by the effects of the small (0.02 mm) and the large (0.08 mm) apex seal leakage gaps, respectively. As the apex seal leakage gap increased, the volume efficiency and the peak pressure decreased continuously. The volume efficiency and the peak pressure caused by any fixed apex seal leakage gap decreased with the increase of the engine speed. Compared with the volumetric efficiency of the condition with no leakage at 2000 and 5000 rpm, the volumetric efficiency of apex seal leakage gap of 0.08 mm decreased only by 24.6% at 5000 rpm, but by 41.2% at 2000 rpm.
Extending Engine Gas Path Analysis Using Full Flight Data
Authors: Tang Liang , Volponi Allan J. , Prihar Ethan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The ability to trend engine module performance and provide engine system fault detection and isolation are arguably, core capabilities for any engine Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) system. The origins of on-condition monitoring can be traced back nearly four decades, and a methodology known as Gas Path Analysis (GPA) has played a pivotal role in its evolution. Legacy Gas Path Analysis is a general methodology that assesses and quantifies changes in the underlying performance of the major modules of the engine (compressors and turbines), which in turn, directly affect overall performance measures of interest such as fuel consumption, power availability, compressor surge margins, and the like. Additionally, this approach is easily adapted to enable fault detection and identification of many engine system accessory faults such as variable stator vanes, handling and customer bleeds, sensor biases, and drift. Classical GPA has been confined to off-board analysis of averaged snapshot data when the engine is in steady state operation. This discrete data point approach, while reasonably accurate and repeatable, introduces a time latency to confidently detect and identify a faulty condition. Depending on the type and severity of the underlying fault, time to identify can be the differentiating factor in avoiding an unanticipated engine removal, flight delay or cancellation, in-flight engine shutdown, or catastrophic event. In this paper, we explore the use of streaming full flight data, which includes both transient and steady state operation. This type of data stream, when properly processed by gas path analysis and information fusion algorithms, allows faster anomaly detection, credible fault persistency checks, and timely fault identification within the current flight.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Water-Based Aerobic Training in Older Women (WATER Study): Functional Capacity and Quality of Life Outcomes
Authors: Andrade Luana Siqueira , Pinto Stephanie Santana , Silva Mariana Ribeiro , Campelo Paula Carolini , Rodrigues Samara Nickel , Gomes Mariana Borba , Krüger Vitor Lima , de Ferreira Graciele Ferreira , Alberton Cristine Lima 
Published: July 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 2 water-based aerobic training programs on functional capacity and quality of life (QoL) of older women. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Methods: A total of 41 women (64.3 [3.1] y) were randomized into a continuous (CTG) and an interval (ITG) water-based aerobic training group. Training programs were performed with exercise intensity based on rating of perceived exertion throughout 12 weeks (twice a week). Functional tests with and without dual-task and QoL questionnaire were applied pretraining and posttraining. Per protocol and intention to treat analysis were conducted using generalized estimating equations, with Bonferroni post hoc test (α = .05). Results: The per protocol analysis showed an increase in the 30-second chair stand (6% [12%] vs 18% [13%]), 6-minute walk (4% [7%] vs 2% [8%]), and 5-m habitual gait velocity (6% [11%] vs 4% [7%]) tests after CTG and ITG training groups. In addition, the intention to treat analysis revealed an increase in the 30-second chair stand test (7% [13%] vs 12% [13%]) and physical domain of QoL (8% [26%] vs 14% [22%]) after CTG and ITG training groups, as well as an increase in the gait velocity with verbal task after CTG (6% [11%]). Conclusions: Both water-based aerobic training programs induced similar improvements in the functional capacity and maintained the QoL perception in older women.
2018 Chilean Physical Activity Report Card for Children and Adolescents: Full Report and International Comparisons
Authors: Aguilar-Farias Nicolas , Miranda-Marquez Sebastian , Martino-Fuentealba Pia , Sadarangani Kabir P. , Chandia-Poblete Damian , Mella-Garcia Camila , Carcamo-Oyarzun Jaime , Cristi-Montero Carlos , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Fernando , Delgado-Floody Pedro , Von Oetinger Astrid , Balboa-Castillo Teresa , Peña Sebastian , Cuadrado Cristobal , Bedregal Paula , Celis-Morales Carlos , Garcia-Hermoso Antonio , Cortínez-O’Ryan Andrea 
Published: July 2020

Background: The study summarizes the findings of the 2018 Chilean Report Card (RC) on Physical Activity (PA) for Children and Adolescents and compares the results with the first Chilean RC and with other countries from the Global Matrix 3.0. Methods: A Research Work Group using a standardized methodology from the Global Matrix 3.0 awarded grades for 13 PA-related indicators based on the percentage of compliance for defined benchmarks. Different public data sets, government reports, and papers informed the indicators. Results: The grades assigned were for (1) “behaviors that contribute to overall PA levels”: overall PA, D−; organized sport participation, D−; active play, INC; and active transportation, F; (2) “factors associated with cardiometabolic risk”: sedentary behavior, C−; overweight and obesity, F; fitness, D; sleep, INC; and (3) “factors that influence PA”: family and peers, F; school, D; inclusion, INC; community and built environment, B; government strategies and investments, B−. Conclusions: Chile’s grades remained low compared with the first RC. On the positive side, Chile is advancing in environmental and policy aspects. Our findings indicate that the implementation of new strategies should be developed through collaboration between different sectors to maximize effective investments for increasing PA and decreasing sedentary time among children and adolescents in Chile.
Epidemiology of injuries in Olympic-style karate competitions: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lystad Reidar P , Augustovičová Dusana , Harris Gail , Beskin Kirran , Arriaza Rafael 
Published: July 2020

Objective
To report the epidemiology of injuries in Olympic-style karate competitions.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled estimates of injury incidence rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (IIR
AE
) and per 1000 min of exposure (IIR
ME
) were obtained by fitting random-effects models.

Data sources
MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, SPORTDiscus and AusportMed databases were searched from inception to 21 August 2019.

Eligibility criteria
Prospective cohort studies published in peer-reviewed journals and reporting injury data (ie, incidence, severity, location, type, mechanism or risk factors) among athletes participating in Olympic-style karate competition.

Results

Twenty-eight studies were included. The estimated IIR
AE
and IIR
ME
were 88.3 (95%CI 66.6 to 117.2) and 39.2 (95%CI 30.6 to 50.2), respectively. The most commonly injured body region was the head and neck (median: 57.9%; range: 33.3% to 96.8%), while contusion (median: 68.3%; range: 54.9% to 95.1%) and laceration (median: 18.6%; range: 0.0% to 29.3%) were the most frequently reported types of injury. Despite inconsistency in classifying injury severity, included studies reported that most injuries were in the least severe category. There was no significant difference in IIR
ME
between male and female karate athletes (rate ratio 1.09; 95%CI 0.88 to 1.36).

Conclusion
Karate athletes sustain, on average, 1 injury every 11 exposures (bouts) or approximately 25 min of competition. The large majority of these injuries were minor or mild in severity.
Pilot study for the comparison of machine-learning augmented audio-uroflowmetry with standard uroflowmetry in healthy men
Authors: Aslim Edwin Jonathan , B T Balamurali , Ng Yun Shu Lynn , Kuo Tricia Li Chuen , Lim Kheng Sit , Chen Jacob Shihan , Chen Jer-Ming , Ng Lay Guat 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundRoutine assessments of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) include standard uroflowmetry (UF), which is labour and equipment intensive to perform, and stressful and unnatural for patients. An ideal test should be accurate, repeatable, affordable and portable.ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of a machine-learning (ML) augmented audio-uroflowmetry (AF) algorithm in predicting urinary flows.Subjects and methodsThis pilot study enrolled 25 healthy men without LUTS, who were asked to void into a gravimetric uroflowmeter. A smartphone recorded the voiding sounds simultaneously. Paired uroflow and audio parameters were used to train an ensemble ML model to predict urinary flows from voiding sounds. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to compare UF with AF values. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05.ResultsA total of 52 voiding session were captured, of which n=35 were used for training and n=17 for testing the algorithm. Each voiding session was divided into 0.1 s frames, resulting in >300 analysable datapoints per session. Pearson’s coefficients showed strong correlations for flowtimes (r=0.96, p<0.0001), voided volumes (r=0.83, p<0.0001) and average flowrates (r=0.70, p=0.0019), and moderate correlation for maximal flowrate (r=0.69, p=0.0022). AF predicted flow patterns showed good agreement with UF tracings. The main limitations were the small participants sample size and use of a single smartphone type.ConclusionsML augmented AF can predict uroflow parameters with a good accuracy, and can be a viable alternative to standard UF. Further work is needed to develop this platform for use in real-life conditions and across genders.
Sociotechnical evaluation of a health management information system in South India
Authors: Gudi Nachiket , Godinho Myron Anthony , Saha Dola , Narasimhan Padmanesan 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveIn India, a Health Management Information System (HMIS) is used to capture and aggregate data from health facilities across the country to inform decision making by healthcare managers and policymakers. In a country with the unparalleled sociocultural diversity of India, the dynamics of sociotechnical systems produce unique challenges. The study attempts to understand the sociotechnical factors that influence HMIS at the district level.MethodsThe study is conducted among the healthcare workers who were involved in managing the district HMIS for over a year. We employed quota sampling and conducted face-to-face interviews with eight healthcare workers. The interviews were transcribed and coded using an analytical framework derived from the Performance of Routine Information System Management (PRISM) framework for HMIS evaluation.ResultsWe identified 61 codes sorted into 11 categories and grouped into 3 deductive themes (derived from the PRISM framework, ie, technical processes, challenges and data quality) and 2 inductive themes (ie, the role of private enterprise and human resource management).ConclusionThe study reveals areas to improve and lays emphasis on change management. Future evaluations should involve a complete evaluation of the district HMIS using the four PRISM tools and will inform a collaboratively developed plan to address HMIS issues for health system strengthening.
Illness perception and coping among women living with breast cancer in Ghana: an exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Kugbey Nuworza , Oppong Asante Kwaku , Meyer-Weitz Anna 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveIllness perception has been shown to have significant influence on the well-being and coping strategies of persons living with chronic medical conditions. Understanding of how women living with breast cancer cognitively and emotionally represent their illness and coping strategies used is likely to help in designing focused psychosocial interventions aimed at improving their health and well-being. This study explored the illness perceptions and coping strategies among women receiving care for breast cancer.DesignA qualitative phenomenological study (using semi-structured in-depth interviews).SettingOncology department of a tertiary hospital in Ghana.ParticipantsEleven women receiving breast cancer treatment were purposively sampled and in-depth individual interviews were conducted with questions based on illness perception and coping literature.ResultsIn terms of illness perceptions, it emerged that most of the participants lacked adequate factual knowledge about breast cancer and perceived causes but believed in the curability of their illness through medical treatments and the help of God. Spirituality, social support and diversion coping were the key resources for coping among the participants.ConclusionBreast cancer patients lacked adequate factual knowledge of breast cancer and their perception about the causes of breast cancer is rooted in biopsycho-spiritual model of illness. The reliance on spirituality and social support as the main coping strategies suggests the need for psychosocial interventions tailored to the spiritual and psychosocial needs of the patients.