bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sexual Ancestor of all Eukaryotes: A Defense of the “Meiosis Toolkit”
Authors: Hofstatter Paulo G. , Ribeiro Giulia M. , Porfírio‐Sousa Alfredo L. , Lahr Daniel J. G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe distribution pattern of the meiotic machinery in known eukaryotes is most parsimoniously explained by the hypothesis that all eukaryotes are ancestrally sexual. However, this assumption is questioned by preliminary results, in culture conditions. These suggested that Acanthamoeba, an organism considered to be largely asexual, constitutively expresses meiosis genes nevertheless—at least in the lab. This apparent disconnect between the “meiosis toolkit” and sexual processes in Acanthamoeba led to the conclusion that the eukaryotic ancestor is asexual. In this review, the “meiosis toolkit” is rigorously defended, drawing on numerous research articles. Additionally, the claim of constitutive meiotic gene expression is probed in Acanthamoeba via the same transcriptomics data. The results show that the expression of the meiotic machinery is not constitutive in Acanthamoeba as claimed before. Furthermore, it is argued that this would have no implications for understanding the nature of the eukaryotic ancestor, regardless of the result.
Aorto‐cutaneous fistula from an infected ascending aorta graft resulting in massive hemorrhage after a Valsalva maneuver for a heavy weight lift
Authors: Triantafyllidis Alexandros , Paraskeva Aikaterini , Boulas Konstantinos A. , Nathanailidou Maria , Chatzipourganis Konstantinos , Hatzigeorgiadis Anestis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the setting of an infected prosthetic ascending thoracic aorta, prompt and definitive surgical treatment is mandatory to avoid catastrophic bleeding complications.
The Application of a Y‐Modified Lanthanum Zirconate Flexible Thin Film for a High‐Performance Flexible Supercapacitor
Authors: Cao Yi , Tang Peiyuan , Han Yue , Qiu Wenfeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the rapid development of wearable electronics devices, there is increasing demand for the development of new flexible energy storage devices with high security, and this has become a hot research topic. Although flexible supercapacitors are considered to be high‐performance energy‐storage equipment because of their fast charging/discharging ability, long cycle life, good reliability, wide operating temperature range, and so on, there are still many drawbacks that need to be overcome. Herein, the La2Zr2O7 (LZO) thin film is synthesized as a new energy‐storage material by using a facile electrospinning method and calcination at low temperature. In addition, the mechanism of producing the flexibility of this film is determined by TG, IR, and XRD analyses. As previous studies have suggested that the charge storage of the LZO film can be attributed to the mechanism of oxygen intercalation, the Y element is doped into the LZO film to increase the concentration of oxygen vacancies. The changes in structural and electrochemical properties of La2YxZr2−xO3 (0≤x≤0.5) nanofibers (LNF‐x) with increasing Y content are studied carefully to obtain the best doping sample. The LNF‐0.1 sample shows the highest areal capacitance of 605.3 mF cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2, so a symmetrical flexible device is fabricated with LNF‐0.1 electrodes. This device has a high energy density (76.7 μW h cm−2 at 2 mW cm−2), good cycling stability, and excellent mechanical flexibility. This study thus provides a new research trend for portable and wearable electronics.
Unidimensional Approximation of the Diffuse Electrical Layer in the Inner Volume of Solid Electrolyte Grains in the Absence of Background Ions
Authors: Tarabanko Nikolay , Tarabanko Valery E. , Taran Oxana P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper we continue working on our theory of electrical double layers resulting exclusively from dissociation of a solid electrolyte, which we previously proposed as a medium for catalytic interaction between solid cellulose and solid acid catalysts of hydrolysis. Two theoretical unidimensional models of the inner grain volume are considered: an infinitely long cylindrical pore, and a gel electrolyte near a grain outer surface. Despite the model simplicity, the predictions for the cylindrical pore case are in semi‐quantitative agreement with literature data on electroosmotic experiments, adequately explaining high proton selectivity of sulfonic membranes, and decline of such selectivity at high background acid concentration. The gel model predicts less concentrated diffuse layer in comparison to electrolytes with impenetrable skeleton (e. g., sulfonated carbons). This suggests limited suitability of gel electrolytes as catalysts if a substrate cannot diffuse into the gel bulk and the reaction is thereby spatially limited to the near‐surface region, for example if a substrate is solid like aforementioned cellulose.
Culture and stress biology in immigrant youth from the prenatal period to adolescence: A systematic review
Authors: Haft Stephanie L. , Zhou Qing , Stephens Michelle , Alkon Abbey 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImmigration patterns over the last two decades have changed the demographic composition of the United States; children are growing up in an increasingly multicultural environment. Immigrant youth may face culture‐related stressors and leverage culture‐related strengths across development that may influence their mental and physical health. Responses to early life stressors may differ across children at the level of stress biology, which can affect how they handle cultural challenges. However, there is limited research on culture and stress biology, which may be a mediator or moderator of culture's effects on immigrant youth. The aim of the present article is to systematically review research that examines the roles of both culture and stress biology from the prenatal period to adolescence in immigrant youth. Specifically, we review articles that examine how stress‐sensitive biological systems (hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and the autonomic nervous system) and culture‐related constructs have been modeled together in immigrant youth. Based on these findings, we note remaining questions and recommendations for future research in integrating measures of cultural processes and stress biology in children.
A New Electrochemical Method to Detect Sunset Yellow, Tartrazine and Thiomersal in a Pharmaceutical Dose Using a Carbon Paste Electrode Decorated with Molybdenum Oxide
Authors: Penagos‐Llanos Johisner , García‐Beltrán Olimpo , Nagles Edgar , Hurtado John J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis report allowed the detection of three substances using a carbon paste decorated with MoO2 (MoO/CPE). Tartrazine (TZ), sunset yellow (SY) and thiomersal (TMS) were analyzed for adsorptive voltammetry. The electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. TZ, SY and TMS were observed at 1.07, 0.80 and 0.95 V respectively. The detection limits (3*σ/m) for TZ, SY and TMS were 0.04, 0.06 and 0.10 μmol/L, respectively. The new analytical method was applied using pharmaceutical samples.
Exosomes derived from microglia exposed to elevated pressure amplify the neuroinflammatory response in retinal cells
Authors: Aires Inês Dinis , Ribeiro‐Rodrigues Teresa , Boia Raquel , Catarino Steve , Girão Henrique , Ambrósio António Francisco , Santiago Ana Raquel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlaucoma is a degenerative disease that causes irreversible loss of vision and is characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss. Others and we have demonstrated that chronic neuroinflammation mediated by reactive microglial cells plays a role in glaucomatous pathology. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by most cells, including microglia, that mediate intercellular communication. The role of microglial exosomes in glaucomatous degeneration remains unknown. Taking the prominent role of microglial exosomes in brain neurodegenerative diseases, we studied the contribution of microglial‐derived exosomes to the inflammatory response in experimental glaucoma. Microglial cells were exposed to elevated hydrostatic pressure (EHP), to mimic elevated intraocular pressure, the main risk factor for glaucoma. Naïve microglia (BV‐2 cells or retinal microglia) were exposed to exosomes derived from BV‐2 cells under EHP conditions (BV‐Exo‐EHP) or cultured in control pressure (BV‐Exo‐Control). We found that BV‐Exo‐EHP increased the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, promoted retinal microglia motility, phagocytic efficiency, and proliferation. Furthermore, the incubation of primary retinal neural cell cultures with BV‐Exo‐EHP increased cell death and the production of reactive oxygen species. Exosomes derived from retinal microglia (MG‐Exo‐Control or MG‐Exo‐EHP) were injected in the vitreous of C57BL/6J mice. MG‐Exo‐EHP sustained activation of retinal microglia, mediated cell death, and impacted RGC number. Herein, we show that exosomes derived from retinal microglia have an autocrine function and propagate the inflammatory signal in conditions of elevated pressure, contributing to retinal degeneration in glaucomatous conditions.
Partial‐volume modeling reveals reduced gray matter in specific thalamic nuclei early in the time course of psychosis and chronic schizophrenia
Authors: Alemán‐Gómez Yasser , Najdenovska Elena , Roine Timo , Fartaria Mário João , Canales‐Rodríguez Erick J. , Rovó Zita , Hagmann Patric , Conus Philippe , Do Kim Q. , Klauser Paul , Steullet Pascal , Baumann Philipp S. , Bach Cuadra Meritxell 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe structural complexity of the thalamus, due to its mixed composition of gray and white matter, make it challenging to disjoint and quantify each tissue contribution to the thalamic anatomy. This work promotes the use of partial‐volume‐based over probabilistic‐based tissue segmentation approaches to better capture thalamic gray matter differences between patients at different stages of psychosis (early and chronic) and healthy controls. The study was performed on a cohort of 23 patients with schizophrenia, 41 with early psychosis and 69 age and sex‐matched healthy subjects. Six tissue segmentation approaches were employed to obtain the gray matter concentration/probability images. The statistical tests were applied at three different anatomical scales: whole thalamus, thalamic subregions and voxel‐wise. The results suggest that the partial volume model estimation of gray matter is more sensitive to detect atrophies within the thalamus of patients with psychosis. However all the methods detected gray matter deficit in the pulvinar, particularly in early stages of psychosis. This study demonstrates also that the gray matter decrease varies nonlinearly with age and between nuclei. While a gray matter loss was found in the pulvinar of patients in both stages of psychosis, reduced gray matter in the mediodorsal was only observed in early psychosis subjects. Finally, our analyses point to alterations in a sub‐region comprising the lateral posterior and ventral posterior nuclei. The obtained results reinforce the hypothesis that thalamic gray matter assessment is more reliable when the tissues segmentation method takes into account the partial volume effect.
Long short‐term memory‐based neural decoding of object categories evoked by natural images
Authors: Huang Wei , Yan Hongmei , Wang Chong , Li Jiyi , Yang Xiaoqing , Li Liang , Zuo Zhentao , Zhang Jiang , Chen Huafu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVisual perceptual decoding is one of the important and challenging topics in cognitive neuroscience. Building a mapping model between visual response signals and visual contents is the key point of decoding. Most previous studies used peak response signals to decode object categories. However, brain activities measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging are a dynamic process with time dependence, so peak signals cannot fully represent the whole process, which may affect the performance of decoding. Here, we propose a decoding model based on long short‐term memory (LSTM) network to decode five object categories from multitime response signals evoked by natural images. Experimental results show that the average decoding accuracy using the multitime (2–6 s) response signals is 0.540 from the five subjects, which is significantly higher than that using the peak ones (6 s; accuracy: 0.492; p < .05). In addition, from the perspective of different durations, methods and visual areas, the decoding performances of the five object categories are deeply and comprehensively explored. The analysis of different durations and decoding methods reveals that the LSTM‐based decoding model with sequence simulation ability can fit the time dependence of the multitime visual response signals to achieve higher decoding performance. The comparative analysis of different visual areas demonstrates that the higher visual cortex (VC) contains more semantic category information needed for visual perceptual decoding than lower VC.
Morphological, microscopic, and physicochemical studies of Diospyros montana
Authors: Khan Muhammad Tanveer , Azhar Iqbal , Shehzadi Naureen , Hussain Khalid , Parveen Sajida , Hanif Uzma 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdulteration is the root cause of producing not only a chemically and pharmacologically inferior but also in some instances hazardous or poisonous drug. Despite availability of several techniques, microscopy and physicochemical analyses are the most practical approaches for crude drug authentication. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate morphological, microscopic, and physicochemical properties of root, bark, leaf, and fruit of Diospyros montana Morphological properties were determined by sensory organs, whereas microscopic features of cross‐sections and powders were determined by light and scanning electron microscopy. The proximate and fluorescence analyses were performed using the standard guidelines. The physical examination of fresh, shade‐dried, and powdered material showed no significant change in color. The identifying cellular structures included cuboidal cork, pitted tracheids, scalariform, reticulate and spiral xylary vessels, and rosettes, raphide, and cuboidal calcium oxalate crystals. The stomatal number, stomatal index, vein‐islet and vein‐termination number, and palisade ratio in the leaf were found to be 293.91 ± 32.68 mm−2, 64.18 ± 3.42%, 22.00 ± 3.81 mm−2 and 38.40 ± 5.81 mm−2, and 3.85 ± 0.60, respectively. Total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash and sulfated ash of leaf (9.00 ± 0.50%, 1.67 ± 0.23%, 2.00 ± 0.22% and 14.50 ± 0.99%, respectively), foaming index of bark and root (111.11 ± 2.11), and swelling index of fruit (19.00 ± 3.45) were higher than the other parts. The powder of different parts showed characteristic colors in the daylight and UV light upon treatment with various regents. The plant was found to be rich in saponins, fibers, and flavonoids. The results of the present study may serve as identifiers of different parts of Diospyros montana.
How can we partner with electronic health record vendors on the complex journey to safer health care?
Authors: Sittig Dean F. , Ash Joan S. , Wright Adam , Chase Dian , Gebhardt Eric , Russo Elise M. , Tercek Colleen , Mohan Vishnu , Singh Hardeep 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology released the Safety Assurance Factors for EHR Resilience (SAFER) guides in 2014. Our group developed these guides covering key facets of both electronic health record (EHR) infrastructure (eg, system configuration, contingency planning for downtime, and system‐to‐system interfaces) and clinical processes (eg, computer‐based provider order entry with clinical decision support, test result reporting, patient identification, and clinician‐to‐clinician communication). The SAFER guides encourage healthy relationships between EHR vendors and users. We conducted a qualitative study over 12 months. We visited 9 health care organizations ranging in size from 1‐doctor outpatient clinics to large, multisite, multihospital integrated delivery networks. We interviewed and observed clinicians, IT professionals, and administrators. From the interview transcripts and observation field notes, we identified overarching themes: technical functionality, usability, standards, testing, workflow processes, personnel to support implementation and use, infrastructure, and clinical content. In addition, we identified health care organization—EHR vendor working relationships: marine drill sergeant, mentor, development partner, seller, and parasite. We encourage health care organizations and EHR vendors to develop healthy working relationships to help address the tasks required to design, develop, implement, and maintain EHRs required to achieve safer and higher quality health care.
Contrasting impacts of the 8.2‐ and 4.2‐ka abrupt climatic events on the regional vegetation of the Hulun Lake region in north‐eastern China
Authors: Zhang Shengrui , Xiao Jule , Xu Qinghai , Wen Ruilin , Fan Jiawei , Huang Yun , Li Manyue , Liang Jian 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTStudies of the vegetation response to abrupt climatic events may provide valuable insights into assessing the impacts of such events under future global warming scenarios. Here we present a detailed record of regional vegetation change based on high‐resolution pollen records for the intervals 9000–7000 and 5000–3000 cal a bp from the Hulun Lake region of north‐eastern China. Our aims were to determine the regional expression of the 8.2‐ and 4.2‐ka events in north‐eastern China, especially their effects on vegetation composition. The results show that the response of the vegetation of the Hulun Lake region to the climatic cooling of the 8.2‐ka event was relatively minor; however, the 4.2‐ka event, which resulted in climatic aridification, resulted in pronounced vegetation degradation. We suggest that the specific characteristics of the 8.2‐ and 4.2‐ka events, together with their duration and the regional climatic background on an orbital time scale, were the main factors responsible for the contrasting vegetation responses. The strengthening and northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) tended to offset the cooling effect of the 8.2‐ka event on regional vegetation in the mid–high latitudes of East Asia; in contrast, the decrease in summer insolation in the Northern Hemisphere and the southward shift of the ITCZ may have intensified the drought effect of the 4.2‐ka event in East Asia and the associated vegetation degradation. Under future global warming scenarios, both extreme cooling events and extreme drought events may cause a deterioration of the ecological environment; however, the resulting regional vegetation responses may be substantially different.
The Association Between Early Age‐Related Hearing Loss and Brain β‐Amyloid
Authors: Golub Justin S. , Sharma Rahul K. , Rippon Brady Q. , Brickman Adam M. , Luchsinger José A. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo analyze the association between early audiometric age‐related hearing loss and brain β‐amyloid, the pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of a prospective cohort study.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was performed on 98 participants in a cohort study of hearing and brain biomarkers of AD. The primary outcome was whole brain β‐amyloid standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) on positron emission tomography (PET). The exposure was hearing, as measured by either pure‐tone average or word recognition score in the better ear. Covariates included age, gender, education, cardiovascular disease, and hearing aid use. Linear regression was performed to analyze the association between β‐amyloid and hearing, adjusting for potentially confounding covariates.ResultsThe mean age ± standard deviation was 64.6 ± 3.5 years. In multivariable regression, adjusting for demographics, education, cardiovascular disease, and hearing aid use, whole brain β‐amyloid SUVR increased by 0.029 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.003‐0.056) for every 10 dB increase in pure‐tone average (P = .030). Similarly, whole brain β‐amyloid SUVR increased by 0.061 (95% CI: 0.009‐0.112) for every 10% increase in word recognition score (P = .012).ConclusionsWorsening hearing was associated with higher β‐amyloid burden, a pathologic hallmark of AD, measured in vivo with PET scans.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:633–638, 2021
A prospective study on the long‐term outcome of prepubertal and pubertal boys undergoing testicular biopsy for fertility preservation prior to hematologic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Borgström Birgit , Fridström Margareta , Gustafsson Britt , Ljungman Per , Rodriguez‐Wallberg Kenny A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have reported the long‐term outcomes of prepubertal and pubertal boys undergoing testicular biopsy for fertility preservation (FP).ProcedureThis prospective longitudinal study examined 21 boys (aged 1.5‐14.5 years) who underwent testicular biopsy for FP prior to allogeneic (n = 20) or autologous (n = 1) hematological stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between 2003 and 2010. During counseling, pubertal boys were encouraged to produce a sperm sample by masturbation , while prepubertal boys were presented with surgical testicular tissue retrieval as an option for experimental FP. Clinical outcomes included postoperative complications, pubertal development, and sex‐hormone levels. Survivors approaching adulthood were encouraged to provide semen samples.ResultsTwenty boys, including 14 in prepuberty and six in early puberty (Tanner stage 2‐3), underwent open testicular biopsies. Two pubertal biopsies contained mature sperms, which were cryopreserved. Testicular tissue was vitrified in the remaining 18 cases. One pubertal boy (Tanner stage 4) underwent percutaneous testicular sperm aspiration and sperms obtained were cryopreserved. Postoperative complications (hematoma or infection) were rare. Overall, 14 boys survived >5 years (mean follow‐up after HSCT, 7.2 years) and 11 showed advanced puberty. Semen samples were provided by five boys and obtained sperm were cryopreserved from two. Individuals at adulthood had normal testosterone levels but subnormal testicular size, high follicle stimulating hormone, and low inhibin B and anti‐Müllerian hormone levels.ConclusionNo long‐term risks were detected during continuous clinical follow‐up. Experimental testicular biopsies for FP were well accepted by the patients and families, despite the absence of methods to use prepubertal tissue for fertility treatment.