bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auswirkungen verschachtelten Lernens auf das prozedurale und konzeptuelle Wissen von Lernenden über Zuordnungen
Authors: Borromeo Ferri Rita , Pede Stella , Lipowsky Frank 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungHäufig werden im Mathematikunterricht Lerninhalte eher separiert behandelt. Der Ansatz des sogenannten verschachtelten Lernens geht dagegen davon aus, dass es in vielen Fällen sinnvoll ist, die Lerninhalte abwechselnd und vermischt anzuordnen, um bei den Schülerinnen und Schülern lern- und verstehensförderliche Prozesse anzuregen sowie nachhaltiges Lernen zu fördern. Verschachteltes Lernen zählt zu den wünschenswerten Erschwernissen. Das Ziel der wünschenswerten Erschwernisse ist, durch eine Erhöhung des kognitiven Aufwandes beim Lernen einen langfristigen Lernerfolg zu erreichen. Die in diesem Artikel beschriebene Studie untersucht Effekte des verschachtelten Lernens gegenüber dem sogenannten geblockten Lernen, bei dem Inhalte nacheinander erarbeitet und geübt werden. Die Studie wurde mit Lernenden des Jahrgangs 7 durchgeführt, die in einer 8‑stündigen Unterrichtseinheit das Thema „Zuordnungen“ entweder geblockt oder verschachtelt lernten. Das Design der experimentellen Studie sah die parallelisierte Zuweisung der Lernenden zu beiden Bedingungen und die Messung des Lernerfolgs zu drei Messzeitpunkten (Post- und zwei Follow-Up-Tests) vor. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass sich das verschachtelte gegenüber dem geblockten Lernen nachhaltig auf das konzeptuelle Wissen der Lernenden auswirkt, während in der Entwicklung des prozeduralen Wissens keine Unterschiede festzustellen waren.
Are the natural sciences ready for truth, healing, and reconciliation with Indigenous peoples in Canada? Exploring ‘settler readiness’ at a world-class freshwater research station
Authors: Bozhkov Elissa , Walker Chad , McCourt Vanessa , Castleden Heather 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Experimental Lakes Area in Northwestern Ontario, Canada, is a globally prominent freshwater research facility, conducting impactful whole-of-lake experiments on so-called ‘pristine’ lakes and watersheds. These lakes are located in traditional Anishinaabe (Indigenous) territory and the home of 28 Treaty #3 Nations, something rarely acknowledged until now. Indeed, Indigenous peoples in the area have historically been excluded from the research facility’s governance and research. Shortly after it changed hands in 2014—from the federal government to the not-for-profit International Institute of Sustainable Development (IISD)—the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) of Canada released its Calls to Action to all Canadians. The newly named International Institute of Sustainable Development-Experimental Lakes Area (IISD-ELA) began to respond with a number of initiatives aimed to develop relationships with local Indigenous peoples and communities. In this paper, from the perspectives of IISD-ELA staff members, we share findings from an exploratory study into the relationships beginning to develop between IISD-ELA and Treaty #3 Nations. We used semi-structured interviews (n = 10) to identify how staff perceived their initial efforts and contextualize those with the current literature on meaningfully engagement in reconciliation. Our analysis highlights perceived barriers, including time, resources, and funding constraints, as well as an acknowledged lack of cultural awareness and sensitivity training. Participants also recognized the need to engage Indigenous knowledge holders and embrace their ways of knowing at the research station. While the study is small in scale, as an international leader in freshwater science, transparency in the IISD-ELA’s journey in reconciliation has the potential to inform, influence, and ‘unsettle’ settler-colonial scientists, field stations, and institutions across the country and beyond.
When quick response codes didn’t do the trick
Authors: Walcott-Bedeau Gabrielle , Raeburn Kazzara , Burkhardt Dirk , Clunes Mark 
Published: April 2020

Medical education programs in the United States or Canada comply with the Liaison Committee on medical education standards to ensure their graduates provide proficient medical care. One standard includes student development as a lifelong learner. The competency of lifelong learning is developed through self-directed activities such as students evaluating their learning objectives and resources without external help.
Quick response (QR) codes were the technological tools introduced in a traditional medical institution to enhance students’ self-directed initiative to tap resources. Relevant lecture objectives and other information such as supplemental discipline content, reading assignments and web-based link resources were embedded into codes and ‘pasted’ onto all pages of their course PDF handouts. It was anticipated that most students had access to smart phones to conveniently scan the codes and retrieve the information.
However, an in-class survey conducted showed that only 30% of the students found the QR codes useful. Further questioning revealed that some students just didn’t know how to use the codes or didn’t think the information embedded was worth the effort to decrypt. Although students were tech-savvy in the social and entertainment realms, they were not adept in the use of technology for educational purposes.
QR codes presented several theoretical, pedagogical advantages to enhance experiential and self-directed learning. However, implementation among students, in a traditional classroom, required prior instructions on usage. Student feedback was also imperative when introducing novel, innovative tools like QR codes.
A Quality Analysis of the Last Decade's Most Heavily Cited Data Relative to Outcomes After Penile Prosthesis Placement
Authors: Chouhan Jyoti D. , Pearlman Amy M. , Kovell Robert C. , Terlecki Ryan P. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
The penile prosthesis has been used for men with erectile dysfunction for nearly 5 decades. Although many articles examine various outcome measures, wide variability exists in the quality of these studies.

Aim
We sought to critically evaluate the most referenced literature related to penile prosthesis outcomes over the last 10 years.

Methods
A PubMed search of the indexed English literature was performed using the search terms “prospective,” “penile prosthesis,” and “outcomes”, and all relevant publications from 2009 to 2019 were reviewed. In addition, we performed a Google Scholar search for the same interval using the search term “penile prosthesis outcomes” to evaluate manuscripts which have been most commonly cited. The most heavily cited manuscripts were sorted for relevancy using Google's internal algorithm, and then, the articles were reviewed by the authorship team for appropriateness of the subject matter. Articles with less than 10 citations were excluded. We used the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Criteria as part of our evaluation of the published data involving independent research, as opposed to review articles summarizing previously published findings.

Results
We evaluated the most-cited literature of the past decade relevant to penile prosthesis outcomes and reported the major findings in regards to infection, erosion, extrusion, device reliability, and satisfaction (both the patient and partner). The majority of these studies are retrospective in nature.

Clinical Implications
From our review of the most commonly cited studies, there was no high-level evidence published in this area within the last 10 years. There are multiple barriers to producing these types of studies in the evaluation of penile prosthesis outcomes.

Strengths & Limitations
Using the most commonly cited articles allows us to understand the data that are being cited in other new publications. Focusing on the most cited articles on penile prosthesis outcomes in the last 10 years is a limitation as there have been many more studies published in this area.

Conclusion
While many studies have examined penile prosthesis outcomes, most of the heavily cited literature consists of low-level evidence. Higher quality research is necessary to better assess penile prosthesis outcomes.
Treatment Optimization in Multiple Sclerosis: Canadian MS Working Group Recommendations
Authors: Freedman Mark S. , Devonshire Virginia , Duquette Pierre , Giacomini Paul S. , Giuliani Fabrizio , Levin Michael C. , Montalban Xavier , Morrow Sarah A. , Oh Jiwon , Rotstein Dalia , Yeh E. Ann 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:The Canadian Multiple Sclerosis Working Group has updated its treatment optimization recommendations (TORs) on the optimal use of disease-modifying therapies for patients with all forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Recommendations provide guidance on initiating effective treatment early in the course of disease, monitoring response to therapy, and modifying or switching therapies to optimize disease control. The current TORs also address the treatment of pediatric MS, progressive MS and the identification and treatment of aggressive forms of the disease. Newer therapies offer improved efficacy, but also have potential safety concerns that must be adequately balanced, notably when treatment sequencing is considered. There are added discussions regarding the management of pregnancy, the future potential of biomarkers and consideration as to when it may be prudent to stop therapy. These TORs are meant to be used and interpreted by all neurologists with a special interest in the management of MS.
Mobile home residence as a risk factor for adverse events among children in a mixed rural–urban community: A case for geospatial analysis
Authors: Patel Archna A. , Wheeler Philip H. , Wi Chung-Il , Derauf Chris , Ryu Euijung , Zahrieh David , Bjur Kara A. , Juhn Young J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground:Given the significant health effects, we assessed geospatial patterns of adverse events (AEs), defined as physical or sexual abuse and accidents or poisonings at home, among children in a mixed rural–urban community.Methods:We conducted a population-based cohort study of children (<18 years) living in Olmsted County, Minnesota, to assess geographic patterns of AEs between April 2004 and March 2009 using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. We identified hotspots by calculating the relative difference between observed and expected case densities accounting for population characteristics ($$Relative\;Difference = {\rm{ }}{{Observed\;Case\;Density - Expected\;Case\;Density} \over {Expected\;Case\;Density}}$$; hotspot ≥ 0.33) using kernel density methods. A Bayesian geospatial logistic regression model was used to test for association of subject characteristics (including residential features) with AEs, adjusting for age, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES).Results:Of the 30,227 eligible children (<18 years), 974 (3.2%) experienced at least one AE. Of the nine total hotspots identified, five were mobile home communities (MHCs). Among non-Hispanic White children (85% of total children), those living in MHCs had higher AE prevalence compared to those outside MHCs, independent of SES (mean posterior odds ratio: 1.80; 95% credible interval: 1.22–2.54). MHC residency in minority children was not associated with higher prevalence of AEs. Of addresses requiring manual correction, 85.5% belonged to mobile homes.Conclusions:MHC residence is a significant unrecognized risk factor for AEs among non-Hispanic, White children in a mixed rural–urban community. Given plausible outreach difficulty due to address discrepancies, MHC residents might be a geographically underserved population for clinical care and research.
Annual Variation in Atmospheric 14C Between 1700 BC and 1480 BC
Authors: Pearson Charlotte , Wacker Lukas , Bayliss Alex , Brown David , Salzer Matthew , Brewer Peter , Bollhalder Silvia , Boswijk Gretel , Hodgins Gregory 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTIn 2018 Pearson et al. published a new sequence of annual radiocarbon (14C) data derived from oak (Quercus sp.) trees from Northern Ireland and bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) from North America across the period 1700–1500 BC. The study indicated that the more highly resolved shape of an annually based calibration dataset could improve the accuracy of 14C calibration during this period. This finding had implications for the controversial dating of the eruption of Thera in the Eastern Mediterranean. To test for interlaboratory variation and improve the robustness of the annual dataset for calibration purposes, we have generated a replicate sequence from the same Irish oaks at ETH Zürich. These data are compatible with the Irish oak 14C dataset previously produced at the University of Arizona and are used (along with additional data) to examine inter-tree and interlaboratory variation in multiyear annual 14C time-series. The results raise questions about regional 14C offsets at different scales and demonstrate the potential of annually resolved 14C for refining subdecadal and larger scale features for calibration, solar reconstruction, and multiproxy synchronization.
Longitudinal associations between dietary quality and Alzheimer’s disease genetic risk on cognitive performance among African American adults
Authors: Hossain Sharmin , Beydoun May A. , Weiss Jordan , Kuczmarski Marie F. , Evans Michele K. , Zonderman Alan B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPoor diet quality (DQ) is associated with poor cognition and increased neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We are interested in the role of DQ on cognitive functioning (by sex and increasing genetic risk for AD), in a sample of African American (AA) middle-aged adults. We analysed a sub-group of participants (about 55 % women; mean follow-up time of about 4·7 years) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study with a genetic risk score for AD (hAlzScore). The Healthy Eating Index-2010, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension and the mean adequacy ratio computed at baseline (2004–2009) and follow-up visits (2009–2013) were used to assess initial DQ and change over time. Linear mixed-effects regression models were utilised, adjusting for select covariates, selection bias and multiple testing. DQ change (ΔDQ) was associated with California Verbal Learning Test-List A – overall (0·15 (se 0·06), P = 0·008) and in women (0·21 (se 0·08), P = 0·006), at highest AD risk, indicating protective effects over time. Greater AD risk was longitudinally associated with poorer Clock Command Test scores in men. Poor DQ was positively and cross-sectionally associated with Trails B scores, but in women only. Better-quality diet was associated with a slower decline in verbal memory among AA women, with greater AD risk. Insufficient clinical evidence and/or mixed findings dictate that more studies are needed to investigate brain morphology and volume changes in relation to DQ in an at-risk population for AD, over time.
Analysing the seasonality of births in mainland China
Authors: Yang Yuxiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe seasonality of human births varies in different countries and regions. Explanations for this variation have been divided into biological and behavioural factors. This paper documents birth seasonality in mainland China using data for a large sample from Chinaʼs Fifth National Population Census (FNPC) conducted in 2000. The main method used was the decomposition of monthly time series birth data into annual, seasonal and random trends. The results show large seasonal birth fluctuations, with a salient peak of October births. The study hypothesis is that this seasonal birth pattern is partially due to a home-bound wave of movement of people after the annual Spring Festival. Subsequent analysis of the calculated de-trended monthly births provided supportive evidence for this hypothesis. Further in-depth analysis showed that the magnitude of births varied with location and family characteristics. This result should inform researchers in the field of economics, where seasonality of births has been previously regarded as exogenous.
Filarial worms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diversity in animals from Iran with emphasis on human cases
Authors: Ghasemi Ezatollah , Shamsinia Sadegh , Taghipour Ali , Anvari Davood , Bahadory Saeed , Shariatzadeh Seyyed Ali , Kordi Bahareh , Majidiani Hamidreza , Borji Hassan , Chaechi Nosrati MohammadReza , Yousefi Ali , Shams Morteza 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCurrent systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate the prevalence reports of filariasis in animals in Iran along with human cases. Studies were screened, relevant papers were selected and the random-effect model was used by forest plot with 95% confidence interval (CI). Of 17 records of human case-reports, particularly from Khuzestan province (5 cases),Dirofilaria repenswas the most detected parasite (10 cases) with higher involvement of the right eye (7 cases) than other organs. Eleven animal species were reported to be parasitised by filarioids in Iran. The prevalence ofDirofilaria immitisin canids was 14.69% (95% CI: 10.33–19.67), with highest rates (20.92%; 95% CI: 13.84–29.03) in free-ranging dogs. Male (10.07%; 95% CI: 5.10–16.47) and more than 1-year old (20.77%; 95% CI: 8.66–36.42) dogs were more likely to be found infected. The frequency of other filarioids of zoonotic interest was:Acanthocheilonema reconditumin dogs 2.15% (95% CI: 0.71–4.33),Dipetalonema evansiin camels 10.16% (95% CI: 4.73–17.34),Onchocerca cervicalisin horses 3.63% (95% CI: 1.44–6.75%) andOnchocerca fasciata16.57% (95% CI: 10.12–24.24%) in camels. Still, our knowledge on parasitic filariae in Iran is limited and more investigation is needed in both human and animal populations.
Determination of shared genetic etiology and possible causal relations between tobacco smoking and depression
Authors: Yao Yinghao , Xu Yi , Cai Zhen , Liu Qiang , Ma Yunlong , Li Andria N. , Payne Thomas J. , Li Ming D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundsCigarette smoking is strongly associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, any genetic etiology of such comorbidity and causal relations is poorly understood, especially at the genome-wide level.MethodsIn the present in silico research, we analyzed summary data from the genome-wide association study of the Psychiatric Genetic Consortium for MDD (n = 191 005) and UK Biobank for smoking (n = 337 030) by using various biostatistical methods including Bayesian colocalization analysis, LD score regression, variant effect size correlation analysis, and Mendelian randomization (MR).ResultsBy adopting a gene prioritization approach, we identified 43 genes shared by MDD and smoking, which were significantly enriched in membrane potential, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor activity, and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling pathways, indicating that the comorbid mechanisms are involved in the neurotransmitter system. According to linkage disequilibrium score regression, we found a strong positive correlation between MDD and current smoking (rg = 0.365; p = 7.23 × 10−25) and a negative correlation between MDD and former smoking (rg = −0.298; p = 1.59 × 10−24). MR analysis suggested that genetic liability for depression increased smoking.ConclusionsThese findings inform the concomitant conditions of MDD and smoking and support the use of self-medication with smoking to counteract depression.
Delay discounting in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis and adults with schizophrenia
Authors: Bartolomeo Lisa A. , Chapman Hannah C. , Raugh Ian M. , Strauss Gregory P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia (SZ) is typically preceded by a prodromal (i.e. pre-illness) period characterized by attenuated positive symptoms and declining functional outcome. Negative symptoms are prominent among individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis (i.e. those with prodromal syndromes) and highly predictive of conversion to illness. Mechanisms underlying negative symptoms in the CHR population are unclear. Two studies were conducted to evaluate whether abnormalities in a reward processing mechanism thought to be core to negative symptoms in SZ, value representation, also exist in CHR individuals and whether they are associated with negative symptoms transphasically.MethodsStudy 1 included 33 individuals in the chronic phase of illness who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ) and 40 healthy controls (CN). Study 2 included 37 CHR participants and 45 CN. In both studies, participants completed the delay discounting (DD) task as a measure of value representation and the Brief Negative Symptom Scale was rated to measure negative symptoms.ResultsResults indicated that patients with SZ had steeper discounting rates than CN, indicating impairments in value representation. However, CHR participants were unimpaired on the DD task. In both studies, steeper discounting was associated with greater severity of negative symptoms.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that deficits in value representation are associated with negative symptoms transphasically.
Urbanization and emerging mental health issues
Authors: Ventriglio Antonio , Torales Julio , Castaldelli-Maia João M. , De Berardis Domenico , Bhugra Dinesh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRapid urbanization worldwide is associated to an increase of population in the urban settings and this is leading to new emerging mental health issues. This narrative mini-review is based on a literature search conducted through PubMed and EMBASE. A total of 113 articles published on the issue of urban mental health have been selected, cited, reviewed, and summarized. There are emerging evidences about the association between urbanization and mental health issues. Urbanization affects mental health throughsocial, economic, andenvironmentalfactors. It has been shown that common mental syndromes report higher prevalence in the cities. Social disparities, social insecurity, pollution, and the lack of contact with nature are some of recognized factors affecting urban mental health. Further reserach studies and specific guidelines should be encouraged to help policy makers and urban designers to improve mental health and mental health care facilities in the cities; additional strategies to prevent and reduce mental illness in the urban settings should be also adopted globally.
Rice performance following exposure to a sublethal concentration of paraquat applied alone or in mixture with common residual herbicides
Authors: Lawrence Benjamin H. , Bond Jason A. , Golden Bobby R. , Allen Thomas W. , Reynolds Daniel B. , Bararpour Taghi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn glyphosate-resistant (GR) cropping systems, paraquat applied in mixtures with residual herbicides prior to crop emergence offers an alternative herbicide mode of action (MOA) to aid in GR weed management. Rice is sensitive to off-target herbicide movement; however, severity of injury can vary with herbicide, rate, and formulation. Therefore, research was conducted from 2015 to 2017 in Stoneville, MS, to characterize rice response to a sublethal concentration of paraquat applied at 84 g ai ha–1 in combination with common residual herbicides. Paraquat plus metribuzin injured rice 68% to 69% 14 and 28 d after treatment (DAT), which was 10% to 13% greater than injury following paraquat alone or paraquat plus fomesafen. Pooled across metribuzin and fomesafen treatments, paraquat reduced rough rice yields 23%. Paraquat plus 10 different residual herbicides injured rice ≥51% 28 DAT and reduced rough rice yields ≥21%. These studies indicate a severe negative impact on rice growth and development following exposure to a sublethal concentration of paraquat alone or in mixture with common residual herbicides. Therefore, applications of paraquat plus residual herbicides to fields in proximity to rice should be avoided if conditions are conducive for off-target movement.