bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution dynamically downscaled rainfall and temperature projections for ecological life zones within Puerto Rico and for the U.S. Virgin Islands
Authors: Bowden Jared H. , Terando Adam J. , Misra Vasu , Wootten Adrienne , Bhardwaj Amit , Boyles Ryan , Gould William , Collazo Jaime A. , Spero Tanya L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe weather research and forecasting (WRF) model and a combination of the regional spectral model (RSM) and the Japanese Meteorological Agency Non‐Hydrostatic Model (NHM) were used to dynamically downscale selected CMIP5 global climate models to provide 2‐km projections with hourly model output for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Two 20‐year time slices were downscaled for historical (1986–2005) and future (2041–2060) periods following RCP8.5. Projected changes to mean and extreme temperature and precipitation were quantified for Holdridge life zones within Puerto Rico and for the U.S. Virgin Islands. The evaluation reveals a persistent cold bias for all islands in the U.S. Caribbean, a dry bias across Puerto Rico, and a wet bias on the windward side of mountains within the U.S. Virgin Islands. Despite these biases, model simulations show a robust drying pattern for all islands that is generally larger for Puerto Rico (25% annual rainfall reduction for some life zones) than the U.S. Virgin Islands (12% island average). The largest precipitation reductions are found during the more convectively active afternoon and evening hours. Within Puerto Rico, the model uncertainty increases for the wetter life zones, especially for precipitation. Across the life zones, both models project unprecedented maximum and minimum temperatures that may exceed 200 days annually above the historical baseline with only small changes to the frequency of extreme rainfall. By contrast, in the U.S. Virgin Islands, there is no consensus on the location of the largest drying relative to the windward and leeward side of the islands. However, the models project the largest increases in maximum temperature on the southern side of St. Croix and in higher elevations of St. Thomas and St. John.
Nanotechnology and Osteoarthritis. Part 1: Clinical landscape and opportunities for advanced diagnostics
Authors: Lawson Taylor B. , Mäkelä Janne T.A. , Klein Travis , Snyder Brian D. , Grinstaff Mark W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of the entire joint, often triggered by cartilage injury, mediated by a cascade of inflammatory pathways involving a complex interplay among metabolic, genetic, and enzymatic factors that alter the biochemical composition, microstructure, and biomechanical performance. Clinically, OA is characterized by degradation of the articular cartilage, thickening of the subchondral bone, inflammation of the synovium, and degeneration of ligaments that in aggregate reduce joint function and diminish quality of life. OA is the most prevalent joint disease, affecting 140 million people worldwide; these numbers are only expected to increase, concomitant with societal and financial burden of care. We present a two‐part review encompassing the applications of nanotechnology to the diagnosis and treatment of OA. Herein, part 1 focuses on OA treatment options and advancements in nanotechnology for the diagnosis of OA and imaging of articular cartilage, while part 2 (10.1002/jor.24842) summarizes recent advances in drug delivery, tissue scaffolds, and gene therapy for the treatment of OA. Specifically, part 1 begins with a concise review of the clinical landscape of OA, along with current diagnosis and treatments. We next review nanoparticle contrast agents for minimally invasive detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of OA via magnetic resonace imaging, computed tomography, and photoacoustic imaging techniques as well as for probes for cell tracking. We conclude by identifying opportunities for nanomedicine advances, and future prospects for imaging and diagnostics.
Reaming of femoral fractures with different reaming irrigator aspirator systems shows distinct effects on cardiac function after experimental polytrauma
Authors: Lackner Ina , Weber Birte , Miclau Theodore , Holzwarth Nina , Baur Meike , Gebhard Florian , Teuben Michel , Halvachizadeh Sascha , Cinelli Paolo , Pfeifer Roman , Lipiski Miriam , Cesarovic Nikola , Haffner‐Luntzer Melanie , Pape Hans‐Christoph , Kalbitz Miriam ,   TREAT Research Group
Published: August 2020

AbstractCardiac injuries are recorded after multiple trauma and are associated with a poor patient outcome. Reaming prior to locked intramedullary nailing is a frequently used technique to stabilize femoral diaphysis fractures. However, in polytraumatized patients, complications such as fat emboli and acute respiratory distress syndrome have been associated with reaming. The reaming irrigator aspirator (RIA) system provides concomitant irrigation and suction of the intramedullary contents, and should, therefore, reduce reaming‐associated complications. The aim of the study was to investigate cardiac function after multiple trauma with regard to two different RIA devices (RIAI vs RIAII). 15 male pigs were included in the study. Pigs received either sham treatment or multiple trauma (chest trauma, femur fracture, liver laceration, and hemorrhagic shock), followed by intramedullary nailing after reaming with either the RIAI or RIAII system (RIAII: reduced diameter of the reamer, improved control of irrigation and suction). Cardiac function was assessed by transesophageal echocardiography and systemic inflammation as well as local cardiac damage examined. Pigs of both treatment groups showed impaired cardiac function, valvular insufficiency, and cardiac damage. Systemic inflammation and local cardiac alterations were observed which might contribute to early myocardial damage in vivo. Multiple trauma including long‐bone fracture and subsequent intramedullary reaming induces cardiac dysfunction and valvular insufficiency, which might be linked to both mechanical cardiac injury and increased systemic inflammation. 6 hours after trauma there are less differences between RIAI and RIAII treatment with regard to post‐traumatic cardiac consequences in multiple injured pigs, indicating no beneficial effect of RIAII over RIAI.
FDA public workshop: Orthopaedic sensing, measuring, and advanced reporting technology (SMART) devices
Authors: Baumann Andrew P. , O'Neill Colin , Owens Michael C. , Weber Stephen C. , Sivan Shiril , D'Amico Reid , Carmody Seth , Bini Stefano , Sawyer Aenor J. , Lotz Jeffrey C. , Goel Vijay , Dmitriev Anton E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTraditional orthopaedic devices do not communicate with physicians or patients post‐operatively. After implantation, follow‐up of traditional orthopaedic devices is generally limited to episodic monitoring. However, the orthopaedic community may be shifting towards incorporation of smart technology. Smart technology in orthopaedics is a term that encompasses a wide range of potential applications. Smart orthopaedic implants offer the possibility of gathering data and exchanging it with an external reader. They incorporate technology that enables automated sensing, measuring, processing, and reporting of patient or device parameters at or near the implant. While including advanced technology in orthopaedic devices has the potential to benefit patients, physicians, and the scientific community, it may also increase the patient risks associated with the implants. Understanding the benefit‐risk profile of new smart orthopaedic devices is critical to ensuring their safety and effectiveness. The 2018 FDA public workshop on orthopaedic sensing, measuring, and advanced reporting technology (SMART) devices was held on April 30, 2018, at the FDA White Oak Campus in Silver Spring, MD with the goal of fostering a collaborative dialogue amongst the orthopaedic community. Workshop attendees discussed four key areas related to smart orthopaedic devices: engineering and technology considerations, clinical and patient perspectives, cybersecurity, and regulatory considerations. The workshop presentations and associated discussions highlighted the need for the orthopaedic community to collectively craft a responsible path for incorporating smart technology in musculoskeletal disease care.
Longitudinal analysis of the contribution of 3D patella and trochlear bone shape on patellofemoral joint osteoarthritic features
Authors: Liao Tzu‐Chieh , Jergas Hannah , Tibrewala Radhika , Bahroos Emma , Link Thomas M. , Majumdar Sharmila , Souza Richard B. , Pedoia Valentina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo explore bone shape features that are associated with patellofemoral joint (PFJ) osteoarthritic features. Thirty subjects with PFJ degeneration (six males, 53.2 ± 9.8 years) and 23 controls (12 males, 48.1 ± 10.6 years) were included. Magnetic resonance (MR) assessment was performed to provide bone segmentation, morpholgocial grading, and cartilage relaxation times. In addition, subject self‐reported symptoms were reported. Logistic regressions were used to identify the shape features that were associated with the presence and worsening of PFJ morphological lesions over 3 years, and worsening of self‐reported symptoms. Statistical parametric mapping was used to evaluate the associations between shape features and cartilage relaxation times at 3 years. Results indicated that subjects with PFJ degeneration exhibited a trochlea with longer lateral condyle and shallower trochlear groove (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10, 0.86; P = .025). Subjects with worsening of PFJ degeneration exhibited a patella with equally distributed facets (adjusted OR = 3.14; 95% CI: 1.05, 9.37; P = .040) and lateral bump (adjusted OR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.83; P = .030). No shape features were associated with worsening of self‐reported symptoms. Elevated T1ρ and T2 times at 3 years were associated with a patella with a lateral hook, equally distributed facets, round and thick as well as a trochlea larger in size (R = 0.38~0.46, P = .015~.025). The study demonstrated the ability of 3D statistical shape modeling to quantify patella and trochlear bone shape features that are associated with the presence and progression of PFJ osteoarthritic features.
Reversal of Intestinal Failure–Associated Liver Disease in an Infant Treated With Mixed Lipid Emulsion and Multidisciplinary Intestinal Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Molinos Nicole , Akimov Olga , Santos Cristhiane Schneider , Markley Michele , Adigun Ayoola , Duro Debora 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD) can lead to increased morbidity and mortality in patients with intestinal failure (IF). We report the case of a premature infant born at 25 weeks’ gestation at a neighboring facility that developed surgical necrotizing enterocolitis and secondary IF with 6 cm of small bowel remaining measured from the ligament of treitz with jejunocolonic anastomosis. The patient's course was complicated by IFALD and transferred to our intestinal rehabilitation program at 3 months of age. He was treated with SMOF lipid in reduced lipid dosages to prevent and treat IFALD, including cycling of parenteral nutrition, monitoring of the glucose infusion rate, and adjusting the micronutrient, trace elements, and aggressive enteral feeding. Omegaven had not yet been approved during the time of this case presentation. During the course of his treatment, he experienced normalization of his liver profile tests and progressed toward enteral autonomy.
Resveratrol and insulin association reduced alveolar bone loss and produced an antioxidant effect in diabetic rats
Authors: Cirano Fabiano Ribeiro , Molez Andréia Manetta , Ribeiro Fernanda Vieira , Tenenbaum Howard C. , Casati Marcio Z. , Corrêa Mônica Grazieli , Pimentel Suzana Peres 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present investigation studied the effects of systemic administration of resveratrol (RSV) on the development of experimental periodontitis (EP) and on the release of markers of inflammation, bone metabolism, and oxidative stress in diabetic rats.MethodsSeventy‐five male rats were divided into five groups: DM+PLAC: Diabetes Mellitus + placebo solution; DM+INS: DM + insulin therapy; DM+RSV: DM + RSV; DM+RSV+INS: DM + RSV and insulin; NDM: non‐diabetic. Streptozotocin was used to induce DM and EP was induced by the placement of a ligature at the fist mandibular and the second maxillary molars. Euthanasia occurred 30 days after the initiation of the study and mandible specimens were subjected for morphometric analysis of bone level. Gingival tissues from mandibular molars were collected for quantification of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers by multiplex assay system and ELISA assay, respectively. Maxillary gingival tissues were processed for real‐time polymerase chain reaction (real‐time PCR) assessment of markers of bone metabolism and oxidative stress.ResultsMorphometric analysis revealed greater bone loss in DM+PLAC and DM+INS in comparison to the other treatments (P < 0.05). RSV used in conjunction with INS reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐17, interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD) (P < 0.05). RSV alone reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase oxidase (NADPH oxidase) levels, in comparison to DM+INS and DM+RSV+INS (P < 0.05). All treatments upregulated mRNA levels for osteoprotegerin (OPG) in comparison to PLAC (P < 0.05). Sirtuin 1 (SIRT) mRNA levels were lower in PLAC when compared to DM+RSV, DM+RSV+INS and NDM (P < 0.05).ConclusionRSV reduced the progression of EP and the levels of NADPH oxidase. Co‐treatment with RSV and insulin reduced the levels of pro‐inflammatory factors (either proteins or mRNA) and increased the levels of SOD. The data also demonstrated that treatment with RSV and INS alone or in combination had beneficial effects on bone loss.
A novel system exploits bone debris for implant osseointegration
Authors: Coyac Benjamin R. , Salvi Giuseppe , Leahy Brian , Li Zhijun , Salmon Benjamin , Hoffmann Waldemar , Helms Jill A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundBone debris generated during site preparation is generally evacuated with irrigation; here, we evaluated whether retention of this autologous material improved the rate of peri‐implant bone formation.MethodsIn 25 rats, a miniature implant system composed of an osseo‐shaping tool and a tri‐oval‐shaped implant was compared against a conventional drill and round implant system. A split‐mouth design was used, and fresh extraction sockets served as implant sites. Histology/histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, and microcomputed tomography (μCT) imaging were performed immediately after implant placement, and on post‐surgery days 3, 7, 14, and 28.ResultsCompared with a conventional drill design, the osseo‐shaping tool produced a textured osteotomy surface and viable bone debris that was retained in the peri‐implant environment. Proliferating osteoprogenitor cells, identified by PCNA and Runx2 expression, contributed to faster peri‐implant bone formation. Although all implants osseointegrated, sites prepared with the osseo‐shaping tool showed evidence of new peri‐implant bone sooner than controls.ConclusionBone debris produced by an osseo‐shaping tool directly contributed to faster peri‐implant bone formation and implant osseointegration.
Till kinematics in the Stargard drumlin field, NW Poland constrained by microstructural proxies
Authors: Hermanowski Piotr , Piotrowski Jan A. , Duda Piotr 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTDeciphering the relationships between streamlined subglacial landforms and deposits therein helps to constrain the dynamics of past ice sheets. Here we present microstructural analyses of till from the largest drumlin field in the North European Lowland generated by a major palaeo‐ice stream of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet. Data derived from thin sections and X‐ray microtomography (μCT) reveal multiple microstructures including microshears, circular structures, grain stacks and crushed grains. Long axes of micro‐clasts measured in thin sections are directionally clustered and have low, down‐ice‐oriented dip angles. Some samples reveal subordinate clustering oriented at high angles to the main direction. The μCT data show low clustering strengths of clasts and no systematic fabric pattern in the entire set of samples. There is no correspondence between the clast orientations and the directions of drumlin long axes, suggesting that the till is antecedent in relation to the drumlin‐shaping process. The observations indicate spatially and temporally variable, shallow‐seated brittle and ductile deformation controlled by porewater pressure fluctuations and generated time‐transgressively parallel to till accretion. Consistently with previous studies, the data suggest that the Stargard drumlins are erosional remnants of a pre‐existing terrain shaped by material removal from the inter‐drumlin areas.
Raman spectroscopy of ethane (C2H6) to 120 GPa at 300 K
Authors: Read Liam Q. , Spender James E. , Proctor John E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe have conducted a Raman study of solid ethane (C2H6) at pressures up to 120 GPa at 300 K. We observe changes within the ν3 and ν11 Raman‐active vibrational modes providing evidence for several previously unobserved phase transitions at room temperature. These are located from 16 to 20 GPa, ~35 GPa, and ~60 GPa. We also could no longer measure the ν3 and ν11 modes from 75 GPa onward. We did not, however, observe any signs of the ethane molecule undergoing decomposition, up to the highest pressures measured. We also recorded spectra of the (2ν8, 2ν11), ν1, and ν10 modes but observed more limited changes in the behaviour of these modes.
Study of C‐S‐H dehydration due to temperature increase during fires
Authors: Martín‐Garrido Moisés , Martínez‐Ramírez Sagrario , Pérez Gloria , Guerrero Ana M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConcrete is one of the most fire‐resistant materials, whose resistance depends on the chemical and structural characteristics of the hydrated calcium silicate (C‐S‐H) formed in the hydration and hardening process. However, the structure and composition of this C‐S‐H varies with the time of hydration. The effect of the composition of the calcium silicate on the anhydrous material formed has been studied after subjecting it to an accelerated study of the effect of fire, irradiating it with a CO2 laser. Changes in the composition of C‐S‐H can lead to changes in the mechanical properties of the cement. C‐S‐H samples with different chemical composition (Ca/Si ratios 1 and 2) as well as different synthesis processes (double decomposition and hydrothermal) were studied. The crystalline phases obtained after heating were identified through micro‐Raman spectroscopy, which confirmed the formation of anhydrous calcium silicates with the same Ca/Si ratio as the initial one. In C‐S‐H gels with a Ca/Si ratio of over 1.5, stable Ca (OH)2 was formed. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray analysis analysis determined that in the process of heating with the laser, water is lost fast, generating porous structures. Such porosity is higher in materials with a lower Ca/Si ratio.
Development of In‐Office Laryngeal Nerve Conduction Studies: Computed Tomography and Cadaveric Study
Authors: Bhatt Neel K. , Wu Franklin M. , Darki Leila , O'Dell Karla , Paniello Randal C. , Johns Michael M. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives/HypothesisIn‐office recurrent laryngeal nerve conduction studies (NCSs) are a technique that can potentially provide information about laryngeal innervation. NCS is essential in the management of other neuropathies including carpal tunnel syndrome and spinal cord injury. We hypothesize that laryngeal NCS may have similar utility in managing patients with vocal fold paralysis, atrophy, and neurodegenerative disease. NCSs are technically challenging because they require transcervical stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). This study combines radiographic data with cadaveric dissection to describe the anatomic parameters for optimal RLN stimulation.Study DesignRadiographic and Cadaveric Study.MethodsFifty computed tomography scans were reviewed to determine the dimensions for ideal needle electrode placement. These values were compared to measurements from 12 fresh human cadaveric neck dissections. Ultrasound imaging was utilized in select cases. The neck was dissected to assess the accuracy of electrode placement.ResultsRadiographically, the mean transcervical depth to the RLN was 33.2 mm ± 8.3 mm in males versus 29.4 mm ± 9.4 mm in females. The working space between the lateral trachea and carotid artery was 15.3 mm ± 3.6 mm on the right and 14.1 mm ± 2.9 mm on the left. After placement of stimulating electrodes into the cadaveric neck, the electrode tips were consistently within 8 mm of the RLN. Ultrasound guidance improved placement accuracy of the stimulating electrode.ConclusionsLaryngeal NCSs can provide detailed and objective information about laryngeal innervation that could dramatically improve the management of various neuropathies. In‐office NCSs require technical precision, and this study describes anatomic factors that may affect the feasibility of performing this technique.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:1566–1569, 2021
Increasing soil organic carbon sequestration while closing the yield gap in Chinese wheat production
Authors: Guo Yifan , Chen Mingyou , Pan Junxiao , Shang Yiwei , Wu Xingjie , Cui Zhenling 
Published: August 2020

AbstractManaging soil organic carbon (SOC) to maximize crop yield is a vital strategy to feed the world's growing population. However, the low SOC contents in agricultural soils limits the maximization of wheat yield. Here, we used modeling and a long‐term field experiment to determine whether improved crop management (IM) and an integrated procedure that combined IM with manure application (IMsoil) would close the yield gap while increasing SOC sequestration during wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in China. The yield of conventional farmers' practice (CM), operating with high fertilizer inputs, suboptimal management, and straw removal, was 5.3 Megagrams per hectare (Mg/ha), reaching 48% of yield potential (Yp, 11.0 Mg/ha) while reducing SOC sequestration during the year 2012–2019. The IM procedure with optimized density, planting dates, and nutrient management increased yield to 8.0 Mg/ha (i.e., 73% of Yp), and increased SOC sequestration. The IMsoil treatment further elevated wheat yield to 9.3 Mg/ha (i.e., 85% of Yp) by increasing spike number and pre‐anthesis dry matter accumulation. The SOC sequestration in the IMsoil increased by 15.4 Mg C/ha at a rate of 2.20  Mg C ha‐1 yr through large C inputs and high SOC transfer efficiencies compared with the beginning of this experiment. These results highlight the importance of combining optimized crop managements with soil amendment to close the yield gap with less fertilizer inputs while contributing to sustainable agriculture objectives.