bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ synthesis and properties of Ag NPs/carboxymethyl cellulose/starch composite films for antibacterial application
Authors: Chen Jing , Li Huan , Fang Changqing , Cheng Youliang , Tan Tingting , Han Hanzhi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCarboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) film, one of the biobased materials, exhibited poor mechanical properties. To use CMC film in antibacterial packaging, it was necessary to overcome this drawback and introduce antibacterial nanoparticles. In this article, using CMC and starch (SR) as the reductant and stabilizer, Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs)/CMC/SR composite (ACS) films were prepared by in situ reduction method. The obtained Ag NPs were uniformly distributed in the ACS films and its diameter was in the range of 8 to 16 nm. The mechanical properties of ACS films were improved by adding SR into CMC. The ACS films exhibited higher tensile strength and lower elongation at break than that of CMC film. When the amount of SR was 4 g, the tensile strength of the ACS film reached the maximum of 9.8 MPa and its elongation at break was 63%. In addition, the ACS films showed an obvious antibacterial activity against gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli via disc diffusion method. The inhibitory effect of the ACS film increased significantly as the increasing of the concentration of AgNO3 solution. Therefore, as‐prepared ACS films had potential applications in antimicrobial packaging.
Polymorphism and crystallization in poly(vinylidene fluoride)/ poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)–block–poly(dimethylsiloxane)–block–poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) blends
Authors: Seraji Seyed Mohsen , Guo Qipeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe miscibility, crystallization kinetics and crystalline morphology of a new system of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐block‐poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PVDF/PCL‐b‐PDMS‐b‐PCL) triblock copolymer were investigated by a variety of techniques. The miscibility and phase behaviour of PVDF/PCL‐b‐PDMS‐b‐PCL were studied by determination of the melting point temperature, crystallization kinetics and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) mapping. Chemical imaging was used as a new technique to characterize the interaction of polymer blends in crystalline morphology. The results demonstrate the existence of characteristic peaks of both PVDF and PCL in the chosen crystalline area. The crystalline structures of PVDF were affected by the PCL‐b‐PDMS‐b‐PCL triblock copolymer and facilitate the formation of the β polymorph which was illustrated by FTIR analysis. The β crystal phase fraction increases significantly on increasing the composition of the PCL‐b‐PDMS‐b‐PCL triblock copolymer. In addition, confined crystallization of PCL within PVDF inter‐lamellar and/or inter‐fibrillar regions was confirmed through polarizing optical microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and small‐angle X‐ray scattering analysis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Teaching style and academic achievement: The mediating role of learned helplessness and mastery orientation
Authors: Filippello Pina , Buzzai Caterina , Costa Sebastiano , Orecchio Susanna , Sorrenti Luana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough several studies have investigated the roles of teaching practices during the learning process on students, the role of school learned helplessness (LH) and mastery orientation (MO) has not been deeply examined. The present study aimed to verify the dynamics between academic achievement and the perception of the students of their teacher's psychological control and autonomy support by examining the mediating role of school LH and MO. Results confirmed that perceived teacher psychological control can predict school LH, whereas perceived teacher autonomy support can predict school MO. Additionally, academic achievement was positively predicted by school MO, whereas it was negatively predicted by school LH. Finally, analyses have shown that school LH and MO play a mediating role in the relationship between academic achievement and the perceived teacher autonomy support and psychological control. Limitations and implications are discussed.
Multifunctional Cyclic Carbonates Comprising Hyperbranched Polyacetals: Synthesis and Applications to Polymer Electrolytes and Networked Polymer Materials
Authors: Matsukizono Hiroyuki , Matsumoto Kozo , Endo Takeshi 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTHyperbranched polyacetals (HBPAs) bearing cyclic carbonate (CC) terminals were synthesized from protocatechuric aldehydes bearing bifunctional trimethylolpropane (TMP) or glycerol (Gly) structures and then utilized to design polymer electrolytes and networked polymer materials. Since TMP‐based cyclic acetals (CAs) are thermodynamically more stable than Gly‐derived CSs, the copolymerization of these monomers favors to form HBPAs comprising TMP‐based acetal stems and Gly terminals. Consequently, HBPAs composed of larger amounts of TMP or Gly terminals were separately synthesized by changing monomer feed ratios. Their diol terminals react efficiently with diphenyl carbonate to give HBPAs bearing 5‐ or 6‐membered CC (5‐CC or 6‐CC) terminals. HBPAs bearing 5‐CC terminals were mixed homogeneously with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide to form uniform films showing lithium ion conductivity ranging from 8.2 × 10−9 to 2.1 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 23–80 °C, whereas networked polycarbonate and polyhydroxyurethane films were successfully fabricated using HBPAs having CC terminals. These results apparently indicate that HBPAs having CC terminals are useful scaffolds to design functional polymer materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2295–2303
Nanostructure Empowers Active Tumor Targeting in Ligand‐Based Molecular Delivery
Authors: López‐Laguna Hèctor , Sala Rita , Sánchez Julieta M. , Álamo Patricia , Unzueta Ugutz , Sánchez‐Chardi Alejandro , Serna Naroa , Sánchez‐García Laura , Voltà‐Durán Eric , Mangues Ramón , Villaverde Antonio , Vázquez Esther 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCell‐selective targeting is expected to enhance effectiveness and minimize side effects of cytotoxic agents. Functionalization of drugs or drug nanoconjugates with specific cell ligands allows receptor‐mediated selective cell delivery. However, it is unclear whether the incorporation of an efficient ligand into a drug vehicle is sufficient to ensure proper biodistribution upon systemic administration, and also at which extent biophysical properties of the vehicle may contribute to the accumulation in target tissues during active targeting. To approach this issue, structural robustness of self‐assembling, protein‐only nanoparticles targeted to the tumoral marker CXCR4 is compromised by reducing the number of histidine residues (from six to five) in a histidine‐based architectonic tag. Thus, the structure of the resulting nanoparticles, but not of building blocks, is weakened. Upon intravenous injection in animal models of human CXCR4+ colorectal cancer, the administered material loses the ability to accumulate in tumor tissue, where it is only transiently found. It instead deposits in kidney and liver. Therefore, precise cell‐targeted delivery requires not only the incorporation of a proper ligand that promotes receptor‐mediated internalization, but also, unexpectedly, its maintenance of a stable multimeric nanostructure that ensures high ligand exposure and long residence time in tumor tissue.
Recent Progress on Layered Cathode Materials for Nonaqueous Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Li Lin , Lu Yong , Zhang Qiu , Zhao Shuo , Hu Zhe , Chou Shu‐Lei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems owing to their high safety and the low cost of magnesium resources. One of the main challenges for RMBs is to develop suitable high‐performance cathode materials. Layered materials are one of the most promising cathode materials for RMBs due to their relatively high specific capacity and facile synthesis process. This review focuses on recent progress on layered cathode materials for RMBs, including layered oxides, sulfides, selenides, and other layered materials. In addition, effective strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of layered cathode materials are summarized. Moreover, future perspectives about the application of layered materials in RMBs are also discussed. This review provides some significant guidance for the further development of layered materials for RMBs.
Perforated Pd Nanosheets with Crystalline/Amorphous Heterostructures as a Highly Active Robust Catalyst toward Formic Acid Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Lian Ying , Ouyang Yirui , Wang Shuo , Wu Diben , Jiang Mengchao , Wang Fengqian , Yuan Weiyong , Li Chang Ming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPerforated ultrathin Pd nanosheets with crystalline/amorphous heterostructures are rationally synthesized to offer a large electrochemically active surface area of 172.6 m2 g−1 and deliver a 5.6 times higher apparent reaction rate in comparison to commercial Pd/C, thus offering a facile confined growth method to generate superior catalysts.
Anisotropic effects of corrosion direction on the mechanical behaviors of cement mortar
Authors: Liang‐Xiao Xiong , Hai‐Jun Chen , Yao Zhang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn order to understand the influence of seawater corrosion on the mechanical behaviors of cement mortar, uniaxial compression tests were performed on the cement mortar specimens after corrosion in diverse directions. In this study, solutions of NaCl and Na2SO4 were prepared and used to simulate seawater. In addition, the differences of mechanical behaviors of cement mortar specimens after being immersed in solutions in uni‐, bi‐, and triaxial‐directions were also compared. Test results show that the compressive strength of cement mortar after immersed in sodium chloride solution is higher than that in sodium sulfate solution. The peak strain of cement mortar specimen after immersed in sodium chloride solution is lower than that in sodium sulfate solution after unidirection corrosion. Moreover, the compressive strength and peak strain of cement mortar specimen when the loading direction is parallel to the corrosion direction are both higher than those when the loading direction is perpendicular to the corrosion direction.
Coupling Between Colloidal Assemblies Can Drive a Bistable‐to‐Oscillatory Transition
Authors: Sánchez‐Farrán María Antonieta , Borhan Ali , Sen Ayusman , Crespi Vincent H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present a model to describe oscillations and collective behavior in a heterogeneous system of active colloidal clusters whose motility and interactions are driven by an oscillatory chemical reaction, as motivated by experimental observations of collective behavior in silver phosphate clusters under UV light in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, where spatio‐temporal correlations in cluster behavior are presumably modulated by diffusive communication between clusters. A generic model for a single bistable cluster becomes oscillatory upon introduction of inter‐cluster interactions that relate to localized emission or consumption of diffusing species. Multi‐cluster simulations capture the qualitative features in the experimentally observed spatio‐temporal correlations in the oscillations of nearby clusters. Since the model is generic and does not rely upon a particular chemical mechanism, it can be applied to other active matter systems exhibiting collective behavior, where interactions between bistable entities can drive collective oscillations.
Governing Migrants and Refugees in Hungary: Politics of Spectacle, Negligence and Solidarity in a Securitising State
Authors: Cantat Céline 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, I reflect on the politics of in/visibility that underpin the government of migrants and refugees by Hungarian authorities and assess how they contribute to and authorise an on-going process of disintegration of the already narrow social, political and economic space navigated by migrants and refugees in the country. First, I examine the spectacularisation practices deployed by the Hungarian government in relation to migration and borders, with a focus on the series of anti-migrant campaigns and the construction of border fences since 2015. I explore the way in which this hyper-visible spectacle of migration produces particular representations of the Hungarian state as the protector of a national public. Second, I reflect on the way in which these hyper-visible ‘events’ authorise the deployment of quieter processes of negligence and destitution towards refugees and asylum-seekers that directly contribute to the disintegration of the social, economic and political ties which migrants and refugees may build in the country. Finally, I examine instances of solidarity initiatives with migrants and assess the extent to which they undermine the political frames put forward by the Hungarian government and produce common spaces between established residents and migrants. Ultimately, this chapter seeks to contribute to our understanding of politics of (dis)integration in Hungary, in the context of a highly exclusionary, yet contested, process of nation-building.
Denying, While Demanding Integration: An Analysis of the Integration Paradox in Malta and Refugees’ Coping Strategies
Authors: Nimführ Sarah , Otto Laura , Samateh Gabriel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSince Malta joined the EU in 2004, almost 20,000 refugees have reached its shores. Obliged to remain on the island state, they are required to integrate, despite an absence of governmental integration processes. With Malta being an EU member, its government is, however, obliged to conform to EU policies covering reception procedures. In this chapter, we analyse two fields of tension that result from this situation: (1) saving refugees at sea vs questions of border control and (2) demanding the integration of refugees whilst simultaneously denying them access to mechanisms leading to integration. Thus, we reflect on this ‘shift of duties’ – with a focus on refugees’ coping strategies in this paradoxical situation – by looking at practices of (dis)integration acted out by governing and non-governing actors. This case highlights the fact that integration and disintegration are intertwined. To illustrate this phenomenon, we employ a multi-actor approach. By collecting data and utilising textualisation strategies based on collaborative research, we challenge the issue of representing (dis)integration exclusively from the researchers’ perspective.
Schlussbetrachtung
Authors: Feindt Peter H. , Krämer Christine , Früh-Müller Andrea , Heißenhuber Alois , Pahl-Wostl Claudia , Purnhagen Kai P. , Thomas Fabian , van Bers Caroline , Wolters Volkmar 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Schlusskapitel reflektiert die Vorgehensweise des ZA-NExUS-Projekts, fasst die wesentlichen Ergebnisse zusammen und formuliert den weiteren Forschungs- und Entwicklungsbedarf. ZA-NExUS wird als entschieden inter- und transdisziplinäres Projekt an der Schnittstelle von Wissenschaft und Politik beschrieben, dessen fächerübergreifende Zusammensetzung und dessen Zeitplan, der an der Dynamik einer groß angelegten politischen Reformdiskussion orientiert war, sich jenseits der etablierten Routinen wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens bewegten. Die SWOT-Analyse und die darauf aufbauende Formulierung eines agrarpolitischen Leitbilds bildeten dabei die konzeptionelle Brücke zwischen interdisziplinärer Wissenssynthese und transdisziplinärer Entwicklung von Handlungsansätzen. So wurden die kritische Bestandsaufnahme der Auswirkungen der Landwirtschaft auf die natürlichen Ressourcen und die Analyse der politischen und rechtlichen Logik der Agrarpolitik mit der Entwicklung und Bewertung strategischer Alternativen verknüpft. Die Übersetzung der wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse in ein Policy-Paper hatte einen nachweisbaren Einfluss auf die agrarpolitische Diskussion in Deutschland.
3d modularity
Authors: Cheng Miranda C.N. , Chun Sungbong , Ferrari Francesca , Gukov Sergei , Harrison Sarah M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe find and propose an explanation for a large variety of modularity-related symmetries in problems of 3-manifold topology and physics of 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 theories where such structuresa prioriare not manifest. These modular structures include: mock modular forms, SL(2,ℤ) Weil representations, quantum modular forms, non-semisimple modular tensor categories, and chiral algebras of logarithmic CFTs.
The gut microbiota modulates differential adenoma suppression by B6/J and B6/N genetic backgrounds in ApcMin mice
Authors: Moskowitz Jacob E. , Andreatta Federica , Amos-Landgraf James 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Tumor multiplicity in the ApcMin (Min) mouse model of CRC is a classic quantitative trait that is subject to complex genetic and environmental factors, and therefore serves as an ideal platform to study modifiers of disease. While disparate inbred genetic backgrounds have well-characterized modifying effects on tumor multiplicity, it is unclear whether more closely related backgrounds such as C57BL/6J and C57BL6/N differentially modify the phenotype. Furthermore, it is unknown whether the complex gut microbiota (GM) influences the effects of these background strains. We assessed tumor multiplicity in F1 mice generated from the original Min colony from the McArdle Laboratory at the University of Wisconsin (C57BL/6JMlcr-ApcMin) crossed with either C57BL/6J or C57BL/6N wild-type mice. We also used complex microbiota targeted rederivation to rederive B6NB6JMF1-ApcMin embryos using surrogate dams harboring complex GMs from two different sources to determine the effects of complex GM. Both B6/J and B6/N backgrounds significantly repressed tumor multiplicity. However, the B6/N background conferred a stronger dominant suppressive effect than B6/J. Moreover, we observed that complex GM likely modulated B6/N-mediated adenoma repression such that two distinct communities conferred differential tumor multiplicity in isogenic B6NB6JMF1-ApcMin mice. Although we cannot rule out possible maternal effects of embryo transfer, we show that B6/J and B6/N have modifier effects on Min, and these effects are further altered by the complex GM. Foremost, strict attention to genetic background and environmental variables influencing the GM is critical to enhance reproducibility in models of complex disease traits.
Lipidome analysis of Symbiodiniaceae reveals possible mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in reef coral symbionts
Authors: Rosset S. , Koster G. , Brandsma J. , Hunt A. N. , Postle A. D. , D’Angelo C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Climate change-induced global warming threatens the survival of key ecosystems including shallow water coral reefs. Elevated temperatures can disrupt the normal physiological functioning of photosynthetic organisms by altering the fluidity and permeability of chloroplast membranes that is defined and regulated by their lipid composition. Since the habitat-forming reef corals rely on the obligatory symbiosis with dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae, their heat stress response can be expected to be strongly influenced by the symbiont's lipid metabolism. However, in contrast to the steady increase in the knowledge of the functioning of coral symbionts at the genomic and transcriptomic level, the understanding of their membrane lipid composition and regulation in response to temperature stress is lagging behind. We have utilised mass spectrometry-based lipidomic analyses to identify the key polar lipids that form the biological membranes of reef coral symbionts, comparing the thermotolerant species Durusdinium trenchii with the thermosensitive taxon Cladocopium C3, both hosted by Acropora valida. Our results indicate that the superior thermotolerance D. trenchii inside the host corals could be achieved through (1) the amount and saturation of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols, in particular through putative photosystem II interactions, (2) the increased digalactosyldiacylglycerol to monogalactosyldiacylglycerol ratio with the potential to stabilise thylakoid membranes and integrated proteins, and (3) the chaperone-like function of lyso-lipids. Thereby, our study provides novel insights into the heat tolerance of coral symbionts, contributing to the understanding of the potential of coral reef ecosystems to respond and adjust to heat stress events that are becoming more frequent due to climate change. Finally, our identification of multiple mechanisms of heat tolerance in Symbiodiniaceae furthers the knowledge of the general stress physiology of photosynthetic organisms.
Maximizing ENSO as a source of western US hydroclimate predictability
Authors: Patricola Christina M. , O’Brien John P. , Risser Mark D. , Rhoades Alan M. , O’Brien Travis A. , Ullrich Paul A. , Stone Dáithí A. , Collins William D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUntil recently, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was considered a reliable source of winter precipitation predictability in the western US, with a historically strong link between extreme El Niño events and extremely wet seasons. However, the 2015–2016 El Niño challenged our understanding of the ENSO-precipitation relationship. California precipitation was near-average during the 2015–2016 El Niño, which was characterized by warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies of similar magnitude compared to the extreme 1997–1998 and 1982–1983 El Niño events. We demonstrate that this precipitation response can be explained by El Niño’s spatial pattern, rather than internal atmospheric variability. In addition, observations and large-ensembles of regional and global climate model simulations indicate that extremes in seasonal and daily precipitation during strong El Niño events are better explained using the ENSO Longitude Index (ELI), which captures the diversity of ENSO’s spatial patterns in a single metric, compared to the traditional Niño3.4 index, which measures SST anomalies in a fixed region and therefore fails to capture ENSO diversity. The physically-based ELI better explains western US precipitation variability because it tracks the zonal shifts in tropical Pacific deep convection that drive teleconnections through the response in the extratropical wave-train, integrated vapor transport, and atmospheric rivers. This research provides evidence that ELI improves the value of ENSO as a predictor of California’s seasonal hydroclimate extremes compared to traditional ENSO indices, especially during strong El Niño events.
Daily intake of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 improves inflammation and lipid metabolism in overweight healthy adults: a randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Tanaka Yusuke , Hirose Yoshitaka , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Yoshikai Yasunobu , Murosaki Shinji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeThe effects of heat-killedLactobacillus plantarumL-137 (HK L-137) on inflammation and lipid metabolism were investigated in overweight volunteers.MethodsOne hundred healthy subjects with a body mass index from 23.0 to 29.9 (51 men and 49 women; mean age: 41.4 years) were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study. Subjects were randomly assigned to daily administration of a tablet containing HK L-137 (10 mg) or a placebo tablet for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected every 4 weeks to measure biomarkers of lipid metabolism and inflammatory mediators.ResultsThe percent change of concanavalin A-induced proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly larger in the HK L-137 group than in the control group, similar to previous studies. The decreases of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase over time were significantly larger in the HK L-137 group than in the control group, as were the decreases of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the leukocyte count at one time point. These effects of HK L-137 were stronger in the subjects with higher C-reactive protein levels.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that daily intake of HK L-137 can improve inflammation and lipid metabolism in subjects at risk of inflammation.