bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The First Step towards a R2R Printing Foundry via a Complementary Design Rule in Physical Dimension for Fabricating Flexible 4‐Bit Code Generator
Authors: Park Hyejin , Sun Junfeng , Jung Younsu , Park Jinhwa , Maskey Bijendra Bishow , Shrestha Kiran , Koirala Gyan Raj , Parajuli Sajjan , Shrestha Sagar , Chung Ahnjung , Cho Gyoujin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRoll‐to‐roll (R2R) printed electronics have been considered as the holy grail for the low‐cost manufacturing of expendable and compliant electronic devices. However, a lapse exists in unlocking the full potential of R2R printed electronics in that there has yet to be a R2R foundry able to integrate complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) logic gates into such devices. Herein, a R2R printing foundry based on a complementary design rule of physical dimension in which the rheology of electronic inks, R2R printing speed, overlay printing registration accuracy and device design are complementary to one another is proposed. As a proof of concept of the complementary design rule, 44 single walled carbon nanotube‐based p‐type and n‐type thin film transistors are printed to integrate a CMOS ring oscillator, six CMOS NAND gates, and a CMOS OR gate for 4‐bit code generation through a R2R gravure printer. This low‐bit code generator fabricated via R2R printing illustrates is the first step in establishing R2R printing foundry for manufacturing logic gate‐based flexible devices.
Cold Sintered Metal–Ceramic Nanocomposites for High‐Frequency Inductors
Authors: Zhou Tingchuan , Liu Ying , Cao Peng , Du Jiao , Lin Zifeng , Wang Renquan , Jin Lichuan , Lian Lixian , Harris Vincent G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPower electronics, including those inspired by 5G and 6G revolutions, have escalated the demand for miniaturized energy‐efficient inductor components with higher power density, higher operating frequencies, and smaller device sizes. Recently, cold sintering has proved to be a powerful tool for fabricating ceramics. Here, novel metal–ceramic nanocomposites are prepared by cold sintering for the first time. As a model system, Fe‐based nanocrytalline alloys with NiZn ferrites and α‐Fe2O3 ceramics are cold sintered at 150 °C under a uniaxial pressure of 320 MPa. These nanocomposites illustrate dense microstructures, fine grains, and high electrical resistivities, allowing remarkable high‐frequency performance, such as permeability values of ≈11.5 at frequencies up to ≈1 GHz with corresponding quality factors reaching over 100 at tens of megahertz. The power inductors using the developed composite materials demonstrate low DC resistance (18.35 mΩ), high efficiency (≈98.2%), and high current rating with small form factors far superior to those available as commercial products. The results presented here indicate a dramatic advance in the materials science and development of inductor composite materials for power electronics applications. This synthesis route of metal–ceramic composites shows great potential in fabrication of new composite materials that are targeted for functional components.
Field Effect versus Driving Force: Charge Generation in Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Nikolis Vasileios C. , Dong Yifan , Kublitski Jonas , Benduhn Johannes , Zheng Xijia , Huang Chengye , Yüzer A. Celil , Ince Mine , Spoltore Donato , Durrant James R. , Bakulin Artem A. , Vandewal Koen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEfficient charge generation in organic semiconductors usually requires an interface with an energetic gradient between an electron donor and an electron acceptor in order to dissociate the photogenerated excitons. However, single‐component organic solar cells based on chloroboron subnaphthalocyanine (SubNc) have been reported to provide considerable photocurrents despite the absence of an energy gradient at the interface with an acceptor. In this work, it is shown that this is not due to direct free carrier generation upon illumination of SubNc, but due to a field‐assisted exciton dissociation mechanism specific to the device configuration. Subsequently, the implications of this effect in bilayer organic solar cells with SubNc as the donor are demonstrated, showing that the external and internal quantum efficiencies in such cells are independent of the donor‐acceptor interface energetics. This previously unexplored mechanism results in efficient photocurrent generation even though the driving force is minimized and the open‐circuit voltage is maximized.
Atomically Dispersed Cobalt Trifunctional Electrocatalysts with Tailored Coordination Environment for Flexible Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery and Self‐Driven Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Zheye , Zhao Xiaoxu , Xi Shibo , Zhang Lili , Chen Zhongxin , Zeng Zhiping , Huang Ming , Yang Hongbin , Liu Bin , Pennycook Stephen J. , Chen Peng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDesigning multifunctional catalysts with high activity, stability, and low‐cost for energy storage and conversion is a significant challenge. Herein, a trifunctional electrocatalyst is synthesized by anchoring individually dispersed Co atoms on N and S codoped hollow carbon spheres (CoSA/N,S‐HCS), which exhibits outstanding catalytic activity and stability for the oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and hydrogen evolution reaction. When equipped in liquid or flexible solid‐state rechargeable Zn–air batteries, CoSA/N,S‐HCS endows them with high power and energy density as well as excellent long‐term cycling stability, outperforming benchmark batteries based on a commercial Pt/C + RuO2 dual catalyst system. Furthermore, a self‐driven water splitting system powered by flexible Zn–air batteries is demonstrated using CoSA/N,S‐HCS as the sole catalyst, giving a high H2 evolution rate of 184 mmol h−1. The state‐of‐art experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal synergistic cooperation between atomically dispersed CoN4 active sites, nearby electron‐donating S dopants, and the unique carbon support to single‐atom catalysts (SACs). This work demonstrates a general strategy to design various multifunctional SAC systems with a tailored coordination environment.
The Underutilization of Community‐based Participatory Research in Psychology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rodriguez Espinosa Patricia , Verney Steven P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTraditional non‐participatory research methodologies have struggled to address the needs of multicultural populations in the United States (U.S.). Community‐based participatory research (CBPR) is a research paradigm offering a unique opportunity for culturally appropriate research and improving health equity. CBPR is an equitable, strength‐based approach involving all stakeholders throughout the research process. We investigate the field of psychology’s utilization of CBPR as an approach for working with multicultural populations to collaboratively address relevant and impactful research questions. A total of 1912 CBPR‐related articles, from 2004 to 2014, were identified using PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL Complete databases. Of these, approximately 16% (n = 311) met our criteria for psychology‐related CBPR articles accounting for a negligible amount (<1%) of peer‐reviewed publications in mainstream psychological journals during the same time period. Among U.S. psychology‐related CBPR articles, 86% focused on multicultural and marginalized populations. Prominent topics of investigation included physical health, mental and behavioral health, and theoretical or methodological articles. Features of publications, including authors’ training, types of journals, study populations, and topics under investigation, were explored for all 1912 publications. Findings highlight an opportunity for further utilization of CBPR within psychology, with key implications for health equity. Recommendations for increasing CBPR uptake within the discipline are also offered.
Brazil's Craniofacial Project: Different approaches on orofacial clefts and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Gil‐da‐Silva‐Lopes Vera Lúcia , Tacla Milena Atique , Sgardioli Ilária Cristina , Vieira Társis Paiva , Monlleó Isabella Lopes 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article reports the present situation of Brazilian health care in genetics for Orofacial Cleft (OFC) and 22q11.2 Deletions Syndrome (22q11.2 DS) based on research conducted by Brazil's Craniofacial Project (BCFP). Established in 2003, BCFP is a voluntary and cooperative network aiming to investigate the health care of people with these diseases and other craniofacial anomalies. The initiatives and research results are presented in four sections: (a) a comprehensive report of the Brazilian public health system in craniofacial genetics; (b) multicentric studies developed on OFC and 22q11.2 DS; (c) education strategies focused on addressing these conditions for both population and health‐care professionals; and (d) the nosology through the Brazilian Database on Craniofacial Anomalies (BDCA). Since 2006, BDCA uses a standardized method with detailed clinical data collection, which allows for conducting studies on nosology, genotype–phenotype correlations, and natural history; data can also contribute to public policies. Currently, the BDCA stores data on 1,724 individuals, including 1,351 (78.36%) who were primarily admitted due to OFC and 373 (21.63%) with clinical suspicion of 22q11.2 DS. Chromosomal abnormalities/genomic imbalances were represented by 92/213 (43.19%) individuals with syndromic OFC, including 43 with 22q11.2 DS, which indicates the need for chromosomal microarray analysis in this group. The nosologic diversity reinforces that monitoring clinical is the best strategy for etiological investigation. BCFP's methodology has introduced the possibility of increasing scientific knowledge and genetic diagnosis of OFC and 22q11.2 DS to in turn improve health care and policies for this group of diseases.
A Stable [4,3]Peri‐acene Diradicaloid: Synthesis, Structure, and Electronic Properties
Authors: Shen Jun‐Jian , Han Yi , Dong Shaoqiang , Phan Hoa , Herng Tun Seng , Xu Tingting , Ding Jun , Chi Chunyan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of peri‐fused acenes (peri‐acenes) with two or more rows is challenging due to their intrinsic open‐shell diradical character. Herein, we report the isolation of a derivative (4) of [4,3]peri‐acene in crystalline form. The parent [4,3]peri‐acene, containing three rows of tetracene, has a large diradical character (y0=94.8 %) originating from aromatic stabilization. Due to kinetic blocking, 4 showed a reasonable stability with a half‐life time of ≈157 h under ambient conditions. Its structure was determined by X‐ray crystallographic analysis, and bond‐length analysis revealed eight localized Clar's sextets. 4 exhibited an open‐shell singlet ground state with a narrow electrochemical energy gap (1.13 eV) and a small singlet–triplet energy gap (−0.57 kcal mol−1 from SQUID measurements). Its electronic properties are compared with previously reported peri‐tetracene and teranthene derivatives.
Quantification of Redox Sites during Catalytic Propane Oxychlorination by Operando EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: Zichittella Guido , Polyhach Yevhen , Tschaggelar René , Jeschke Gunnar , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIdentification and quantification of redox‐active centers at relevant conditions for catalysis is pivotal to understand reaction mechanisms and requires development of advanced operando methods. Herein, we demonstrate operando EPR spectroscopy as an important technique to quantify the oxidation state of representative CrPO4 and EuOCl catalysts during propane oxychlorination, an attractive route for propylene production. In particular, we show that the space‐time‐yield of C3H6 correlates with the amount of Cr2+ and Eu2+ ions generated over the catalysts during reaction. These results provide a powerful strategy to gather quantitative understanding of selective alkane oxidation, which could potentially be extrapolated to other functionalization approaches and operating conditions.
Transparent and flame retardant vinylidene chloride‐methyl acrylate hybrid films with enhanced water vapor barrier, thermostability, and anti‐glare properties
Authors: Zhang Dongqiao , Yi Jiemin , Zhao Fei , Yin Ye , Jin Zhijun , Ma Wenshi , Peng Xiaohong , Yang Dongjie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFlexible organic light emitting diodes (FOLEDSs) require a barrier layer with transparency, thermal stability, and flame retardance to prevent water from inducing the corrosion of electrode and ultimately deterioration. Herein, HPS spheres were incorporated into the vinylidene chloride‐methyl acrylate (VDC‐MA) matrix to enhance the water vapor barrier property, thermostability, and anti‐glare effect. Scanning electron microscopy showed that HPS spheres were more compatible with VM (89.86‐10.14) by presenting better water vapor barrier property rather than with VM (92.38‐7.62). The anti‐glare effect of composite film was improved with HPS spheres, while the transparency still maintained over 80%. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the weight loss still maintained over 50% with the incorporation of HPS spheres, indicating significant improvement compared with control VDC‐MA films. Our research supplies an effective approach to prepare transparent and flame retardant hybrid films with enhanced water vapor barrier, thermostability, and anti‐glare properties, which is promising in the encapsulation of FOLEDSs and other electronics areas.
GC‐content biases in protein‐coding genes act as an “mRNA identity” feature for nuclear export
Authors: Palazzo Alexander F. , Kang Yoon Mo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt has long been observed that human protein‐coding genes have a particular distribution of GC‐content: the 5′ end of these genes has high GC‐content while the 3′ end has low GC‐content. In 2012, it was proposed that this pattern of GC‐content could act as an mRNA identity feature that would lead to it being better recognized by the cellular machinery to promote its nuclear export. In contrast, junk RNA, which largely lacks this feature, would be retained in the nucleus and targeted for decay. Now two recent papers have provided evidence that GC‐content does promote the nuclear export of many mRNAs in human cells.
Why PGD2 has different functions from PGE2
Authors: Fujino Hiromichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProstaglandin (PG) D2 and PGE2 are positional isomers; however, they sometimes exhibit opposite physiological functions, such as in cancer development. Because DP receptors are considered to be a duplicated copy of EP2 receptors, PGD2 and PGE2 cross‐react with both receptors. These prostanoids may act as biased agonists for each receptor. In reviewing this field, a hypothesis was proposed to explain the opposed effects of these prostanoids from the viewpoints of the evolution of, mutations in, and biased activities of their receptors. Previous findings showing more mutations/variations in DP receptors than EP2 receptors among individuals worldwide indicate that DP receptors are still in a rapid evolutionary stage. The opposing effects of these prostanoids on cancer development may be attributed to the biased activity of PGE2 for DP receptors, which may incidentally develop during the process of the old ligand, PGE2 gaining selectivity to newly diverged DP receptors.
Comparison of normal distribution–based and nonparametric decision limits on the GH‐2000 score for detecting growth hormone misuse (doping) in sport
Authors: Liu Wei , Bretz Frank , Böhning Dankmar , Holt Richard , Böhning W. , Guha Nishan , Sönksen Peter , Cowan David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper is motivated by the GH‐2000 biomarker test, though the discussion is applicable to other diagnostic tests. The GH‐2000 biomarker test has been developed as a powerful technique to detect growth hormone misuse by athletes, based on the GH‐2000 score. Decision limits on the GH‐2000 score have been developed and incorporated into the guidelines of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). These decision limits are constructed, however, under the assumption that the GH‐2000 score follows a normal distribution. As it is difficult to affirm the normality of a distribution based on a finite sample, nonparametric decision limits, readily available in the statistical literature, are viable alternatives. In this paper, we compare the normal distribution–based and nonparametric decision limits. We show that the decision limit based on the normal distribution may deviate significantly from the nominal confidence level or nominal FPR when the distribution of the GH‐2000 score departs only slightly from the normal distribution. While a nonparametric decision limit does not assume any specific distribution of the GH‐2000 score and always guarantees the nominal confidence level and FPR, it requires a much larger sample size than the normal distribution–based decision limit. Due to the stringent FPR of the GH‐2000 biomarker test used by WADA, the sample sizes currently available are much too small, and it will take many years of testing to have the minimum sample size required, in order to use the nonparametric decision limits. Large sample theory about the normal distribution–based and nonparametric decision limits is also developed in this paper to help understanding their behaviours when the sample size is large.
Correspondence of categorical and feature‐based representations of music in the human brain
Authors: Nakai Tomoya , Koide‐Majima Naoko , Nishimoto Shinji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionHumans tend to categorize auditory stimuli into discrete classes, such as animal species, language, musical instrument, and music genre. Of these, music genre is a frequently used dimension of human music preference and is determined based on the categorization of complex auditory stimuli. Neuroimaging studies have reported that the superior temporal gyrus (STG) is involved in response to general music‐related features. However, there is considerable uncertainty over how discrete music categories are represented in the brain and which acoustic features are more suited for explaining such representations.MethodsWe used a total of 540 music clips to examine comprehensive cortical representations and the functional organization of music genre categories. For this purpose, we applied a voxel‐wise modeling approach to music‐evoked brain activity measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, we introduced a novel technique for feature‐brain similarity analysis and assessed how discrete music categories are represented based on the cortical response pattern to acoustic features.ResultsOur findings indicated distinct cortical organizations for different music genres in the bilateral STG, and they revealed representational relationships between different music genres. On comparing different acoustic feature models, we found that these representations of music genres could be explained largely by a biologically plausible spectro‐temporal modulation‐transfer function model.ConclusionOur findings have elucidated the quantitative representation of music genres in the human cortex, indicating the possibility of modeling this categorization of complex auditory stimuli based on brain activity.
Adiponectin antagonises LPS‐regulated secretion of inflammatory factors in airway epithelial cells, and its expression is regulated by many factors
Authors: Liu Hu , Tang Huo‐yan , Wang Rui‐ying , Xu Jian‐ying 
Published: November 2020

Many studies have shown that adiponectin is closely related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the specific role of adiponectin in COPD is still not well understood. Adiponectin and IL‐6 expression in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) was detected by ELISA. Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were stimulated with TNF‐α, IL‐6, apoptotic cells or LPS. Then, the expression of adiponectin was detected by qRT‐PCR and western blotting, and pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. Adiponectin expression in AECOPD patients increased after treatment. TNF‐α and apoptotic cells promoted adiponectin expression in HBECs in a dose‐dependent manner, and apoptotic cells significantly promoted adiponectin secretion. IL‐6 also promoted adiponectin expression, but it inhibited adiponectin expression at high doses and with long treatment times. LPS inhibited adiponectin expression, but when HBECs were pretreated with anti‐TNF‐α and then treated with LPS, the expression and secretion of adiponectin increased significantly with increasing anti‐TNF‐α concentrations. Adiponectin stimulated the secretion of pro‐inflammatory factors in HBECs, but this effect was not concentration dependent. Adiponectin promoted the secretion of anti‐inflammatory factors in a dose‐dependent manner. Although LPS also stimulated HBECs to secrete pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory factors, adiponectin inhibited LPS‐induced pro‐inflammatory factor secretion and enhanced anti‐inflammatory factor secretion. Many factors regulate the expression and secretion of adiponectin, and adiponectin regulates the balance of the inflammatory response and inhibits further expansion of inflammation.Significance of the studyMany studies have shown that adiponectin is closely related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the specific role of adiponectin in COPD is still not well understood. Adiponectin expression in AECOPD patients increased after treatment. TNF‐α, IL‐6 and apoptotic cells promoted adiponectin expression in HBECs. Adiponectin stimulated the secretion of pro‐inflammatory factors in HBECs, but this effect was not concentration dependent. Adiponectin promoted the secretion of anti‐inflammatory factors in a dose‐dependent manner. Adiponectin inhibited LPS‐induced pro‐inflammatory factor secretion and enhanced anti‐inflammatory factor secretion. Therefore, many factors regulate the expression and secretion of adiponectin, and adiponectin regulates the balance of the inflammatory response and inhibits further expansion of inflammation.
The cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure and kidney disease trials tell that the time to use Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibitors is now
Authors: Johansen Michael E. , Argyropoulos Christos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSodium glucose contrasporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) were initially introduced as a novel class of modestly effective antiglycemics. Over the last 5 years, multiple members of this class have been examined for their cardiovascular safety, effects on heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diverse populations with or without diabetes type 2. The plethora of studies and outcomes examined make it difficult for the practitioner to track the entirety of the evidence. SGLT2i improve cardiorenal outcomes and have a beneficial risk benefit ratio across populations with cardiovascular disease, HFrEF and kidney disease. In this quantitative review, we synthesize the data from the large outcomes trials about the benefits and risks of SGLT2i. SGLT2i reduce all cause, cardiovascular mortality, heart failure hospitalizations, need for dialysis and acute kidney injury as a class effect across a broad range of populations with diabetes Type 2 at risk for cardiovascular disease, patients with HFrEF or CKD with or without diabetes. While certain adverse events for example, diabetic ketoacidosis and genital mycotic infections are reproducibly increased by SGLT2i, the absolute increase in the risk of these complications is smaller than the absolute risk reductions conferred by SGLT2i. Other complications such as amputations, fractures and urinary tract infections are increased to a lesser degree, or not at all (e.g., hypoglycemia). Overall, SGLT2is appear to have a favorable safety profile and thus should be used by cardiologists, nephrologists, endocrinologists, primary care physicians when managing the cardiorenal risk of their patients.