bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Flame-Assisted Fuel Cell (FFC) System With Self-Sustained Micro-Combustion at High Equivalence Ratios
Authors: Tian Jiashen , Milcarek Ryan J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Flame-assisted fuel cell (FFC) systems have been investigated and developed for small scale power generation applications. The introduction of micro-combustion into the FFC setup has potential to increase the electrical efficiency of the system and reduce the size. However, micro-combustion at high equivalence ratios in FFC systems still needs more investigation. In this paper, a FFC system with micro-combustion at high equivalence ratios is discussed. The thermal and mass balance in this system are analyzed to evaluate the theoretical possibility of self-sustained micro-combustion at high equivalence ratios in FFC systems. The effect of heat recirculation on the system performance is investigated. Due to operation at high equivalence ratios, the electrical efficiency of the system is competitive with other micro-scale power generation systems and also shows great potential for high performance micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems.
Hydrogen Enrichment Effects in Gaseous Fuels on Distributed Combustion
Authors: Karyeyen Serhat , Feser Joseph S. , Gupta Ashwani K. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
High intensity colorless distributed combustion has been a promising combustion technique as it enables much reduced pollutant emissions such as NO and CO, as well as more thermal uniformity, flame stability and combustion efficiency. The main requirement for achieving distributed conditions is to provide controlled entrainment of reactive hot product gases into the fresh mixture prior to ignition. In this way, the oxygen concentration is reduced, which results in lower reaction rates, promoting longer mixing times and volumetric distribution of the reaction zones. Though distributed combustion has been extensively studied for various heat loads and intensities, fuels, geometries, there is limited information related to fuel flexibility. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate hydrogen enriched gaseous fuels for greater understanding of low calorific high flame speed fuels in a distributed combustion system. Three various hydrogen content gaseous fuel (40–60% by volume) were investigated in a swirl-stabilized burner for this study, through the use of either N2 or CO2 as the diluent in order to achieve distributed conditions. The OH* chemiluminescence flame signatures were obtained in the flame front and emissions were measured from the combustor exit. The results showed that both the hydrogen concentration and diluent type considerably impacted the oxygen concentration at which transition to CDC occurred. Distributed conditions were achieved at oxygen concentrations of 10–12% with entrained N2 and 13–15% with entrained CO2 for various gaseous fuels consumed. It was determined that the transition to CDC occurred at a lower oxygen concentration for high hydrogen content fuels due to the higher flame speed of hydrogen. The flame images demonstrated that the flashback propensity of the gaseous fuels were eliminated and enhanced flame stability was achieved under the favorable CDC conditions. For NO pollutant emission, ultra-low NO level was achieved under CDC (less than 1 ppm) while CO pollutant emission decreased gradually with condition approaching distributed conditions, and then increased slightly due to the lower flammability limit and dissociation of CO2.
Additive Manufacturing and Hot Fire Testing of Complex Injectors With Integrated Temperature Sensors
Authors: Islam Md Nawshad Arslan , Hossain Md. Amzad , Choudhuri Ahsan , Morton Philip , Wicker Ryan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article presents an exploration of design and prototyping of oxy-fuel injectors with integrated temperature sensing capabilities using powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. A primary focus of this work was to develop powder removal techniques to completely remove sintered powders from internal cavities, which facilitated the implementation of complex injector geometries as well as sensor placements within the parts. It was found that submerging the part in liquid nitrogen, in combination with exposure to ultrasonic vibration, provided effective powder removal. Mechanical testing of fabricated components and test coupons showed no significant change in the mechanical strength of the part due to the addition of liquid nitrogen which creates a thermal shock. Metallography and powder characterization through the use of SEM and EDS showed no change in metallurgical properties of the parts due to the use of liquid nitrogen and ultrasonic energy. The injectors were then test fired in both atmospheric and high-pressure conditions at different firing inputs (55–275 kW).
Cylindrical Parabolic Trough Concentrator and Solar Tower Comparison in an Integrated Solar Combined Cycle Power Plant
Authors: Bravo Héctor J. , Ramos José C. , Celis César 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The intermittency of renewable energies continues to be a limitation for their more widespread application because their large-scale storage is not yet practical. Concentrating solar power (CSP) has the possibility of thermally storing this energy to be used in times of higher demand at a more feasible storage price. The number of concentrated solar energy related projects have grown rapidly in recent years due to the advances in the associated solar technology. Some of the remaining issues regarding the associated high investment costs can be solved by integrating the solar potential into fossil fuel generation plants. An integrated solar combined cycle system (ISCCS) tends to be less dependent to climatic conditions and needs less capital inversion than a CSP system, letting the plant be more reliable and more economically feasible. In this work thus, two technologies of solar concentration (i) parabolic trough cylinder (PTC) and (ii) solar tower (ST) are initially integrated into a three-pressure levels combined cycle power plant. The proposed models are then modeled, simulated and properly assessed. Design and off design point computations are carried out taking into account local environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and direct solar radiation (DNI). The 8760 hourly-basis simulations carried out allow comparing the thermal and economic performance of the different power plant configurations accounted for in this work. The results show that injecting energy into the cycle at high temperatures does not necessarily imply a high power plant performance. In the studied plant configurations, introducing the solar generated steam mass flow rate at the evaporator outlet is slightly more efficient than introducing it at cycle points where temperatures are higher. At design point conditions thus, the plant configuration where the referred steam mass flow rate is introduced at the evaporator outlet generates 0.42% more power than those in which the steam is injected at higher cycle temperatures. At off design point conditions this value is reduced to 0.37%. The results also show that the months with high DNI values and those with low mean ambient temperatures are not necessarily the months which lead to the highest power outputs. In fact a balance between these two parameters, DNI and ambient temperature, leads to an operating condition where the power output is the highest. All plant configurations analyzed here are economically feasible, even so PTC related technologies tend to be more economically feasible than ST ones due to their lower investment costs.
Establishment and assessment of the hepatic venous pressure gradient using biofluid mechanics (HVPGBFM): protocol for a prospective, randomised, non-controlled, multicentre study
Authors: Lin Jia-Yun , Zhang Chi-Hao , Zheng Lei , Li Hong-Jie , Zhu Yi-Ming , Fan Xiao , Li Feng , Xia Yan , Huang Ming-Zhe , Yang Sun-Hu , Qi Xiao-Liang , Huo Hai-Zhong , Chen Hui-Song , Lou Xiao-Lou , Luo Meng 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionPortal hypertension (PH) is a severe disease with a poor outcome. Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), the current gold standard to detect PH, is available only in few hospitals due to its invasiveness and technical difficulty. This study aimed to establish and assess a novel model to calculate HVPG based on biofluid mechanics.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, randomised, non-controlled, multicentre trial. A total of 248 patients will be recruited in this study, and each patient will undergo CT, blood tests, Doppler ultrasound and HVPG measurement. The study consists of two independent and consecutive cohorts: original cohort (124 patients) and validation cohort (124 patients). The researchers will establish and improve the HVPG using biofluid mechanics (HVPGBFM)model in the original cohort and assess the model in the validation cohort.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Scientific Research Projects Approval Determination of Independent Ethics Committee of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (approval number 2017–430 T326). Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT03470389.
The premature closure of ROMPA clinical trial: mortality reduction in septic shock by plasma adsorption
Authors: Giménez-Esparza Carola , Portillo-Requena Cristina , Colomina-Climent Francisco , Allegue-Gallego José Manuel , Galindo-Martínez María , Mollà-Jiménez Cristina , Antón-Pascual José Luis , Mármol-Peis Enrique , Dólera-Moreno Cristina , Rodríguez-Serra Manuel , Martín-Ruíz José Luis , Fernández-Arroyo Pablo Juan , Blasco-Císcar Eugenia María , Cánovas-Robles José , González-Hernández Enrique , Sánchez-Morán Fernando , Solera-Suárez Manuel , Torres-Tortajada Jesús , Palazón-Bru Antonio , Gil-Guillen Vicente F 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesCoupled Plasma Filtration and Adsorption (CPFA) use in septic shock remains controversial. The objective is to clarify whether the application of high doses of CPFA in addition to the current clinical practice could reduce hospital mortality in septic shock patients in Intensive Care Units at 28 days and at 90 days follow-up.DesignWe designed a prospective randomised clinical trial, Reducción de la Mortalidad Plasma-Adsorción (ROMPA), to demonstrate an absolute mortality reduction of 20% (α=0.05; 1-β=0.8; n=190 (95×2)).SettingBeing aware of the pitfalls associated with previous medical device trials, we developed a training programme to improve CPFA use (especially clotting problems). The protocol was approved by the ethics committees of all participating centres. Circumstances beyond our control produced a change in recruitment conditions unacceptable to ROMPA researchers and the trial was discontinued.ParticipantsBy closure, five centres from an initial 10 fulfilled the necessary trial criteria, with 49 patients included, 30 in the control group (CG) and 19 in the intervention group (IG).InterventionCPFA.Main outcome measuresHospital mortality at 28 days and 90 days follow-up.ResultsAfter 28 days, 14 patients died (46.7%) from the CG and 11 (57.9%) from the IG, not reaching statistical significance (p=0.444). At 90 days, 19 patients had died (63.3%) from the CG and 11 patients (57.9%) from the IG, (p=0.878). The adjustment by propensity score or the use of the Kaplan-Meier technique failed to achieve statistical difference, neither by Intention to Treat nor by the Actual Intervention Received.ConclusionWe herewith present the results gained from the prematurely closed trial. The results are inconclusive due to low statistical power but we consider that this data is of interest for the scientific community and potentially necessary for any ensuing debate.RegisterNCT02357433 in clinicaltrials.gov.
Machine learning of physiological waveforms and electronic health record data to predict, diagnose and treat haemodynamic instability in surgical patients: protocol for a retrospective study
Authors: Cannesson Maxime , Hofer Ira , Rinehart Joseph , Lee Christine , Subramaniam Kathirvel , Baldi Pierre , Dubrawski Artur , Pinsky Michael R 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionAbout 42 million surgeries are performed annually in the USA. While the postoperative mortality is less than 2%, 12% of all patients in the high-risk surgery group account for 80% of postoperative deaths. New onset of haemodynamic instability is common in surgical patients and its delayed treatment leads to increased morbidity and mortality. The goal of this proposal is to develop, validate and test real-time intraoperative risk prediction tools based on clinical data and high-fidelity physiological waveforms to predict haemodynamic instability during surgery.Methods and analysisWe will initiate our work using an existing annotated intraoperative database from the University of California Irvine, including clinical and high-fidelity waveform data. These data will be used for the training and development of the machine learning model (Carnegie Mellon University) that will then be tested on prospectively collected database (University of California Los Angeles). Simultaneously, we will use existing knowledge of haemodynamic instability patterns derived from our intensive care unit cohorts, medical information mart for intensive care II data, University of California Irvine data and animal studies to create smart alarms and graphical user interface for a clinical decision support. Using machine learning, we will extract a core dataset, which characterises the signatures of normal intraoperative variability, various haemodynamic instability aetiologies and variable responses to resuscitation. We will then employ clinician-driven iterative design to create a clinical decision support user interface, and evaluate its effect in simulated high-risk surgeries.Ethics and disseminationWe will publish the results in a peer-reviewed publication and will present this work at professional conferences for the anaesthesiology and computer science communities. Patient-level data will be made available within 6 months after publication of the primary manuscript. The study has been approved by University of California, Los Angeles Institutional review board. (IRB #19–0 00 354).
Development of standardised programme content for phase II cardiac rehabilitation programmes in Australia using a modified Delphi process
Authors: Cartledge Susie , Thomas Emma , Hollier Kerry , Maddison R 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo develop standardised programme content for Australian phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programme.DesignUsing the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method (RAM), a two-phase process including a comprehensive literature review and a two round modified Delphi process was undertaken to develop and validate content of a standardised CR programmes.ParticipantsAn invited multidisciplinary expert advisory group (EAG; n=16), including CR health professionals (nurses, allied health professionals, cardiologist), academics, policy makers, representation from the Australian Cardiovascular Health and Rehabilitation Association and consumers, provided oversight of the literature review and assisted with development of best practice statements. Twelve members of the EAG went onto participate in the modified Delphi process rating the necessity of statements in two rounds on a scale of 1 (not necessary) to 9 (essential).Main outcome measureBest practice statements that achieved a median score of ≥8 on a nine-point scale were categorised as ‘essential’; statements that achieved a median score of ≥6 were categorised as ‘desirable’ and statements with a median score of <6 were omitted.Results49 best practice statements were developed from the literature across ten areas of care within four module domains (CR foundations, developing heart health knowledge, psychosocial health and life beyond CR). At the end of a two-round validation process a total of 47 best practice statements were finalised; 29 statements were rated as essential, 18 as desirable and 2 statements were omitted.ConclusionsFor the first time in Australia, an evidence-based and consensus-led standardised programme content for phase II CR has been developed that can be provided to CR coordinators.
Study protocol of the BLANKET trial: a cluster randomised controlled trial on the (cost-) effectiveness of a primary care intervention for fear of cancer recurrence in cancer survivors
Authors: Luigjes-Huizer Yvonne L , van der Lee Marije L , de Wit Niek J , Helsper Charles W 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionMany successfully treated patients with cancer suffer from fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), affecting their quality of life and their physical, emotional, cognitive and social functioning. Effective psychological interventions for FCR exist but are not widely available, as they are typically offered by specialised psycho-oncology professionals and institutes. Concurrently, the role of primary care in cancer and survivorship care is increasing. Therefore, there could be a role for general practitioners (GPs) and mental health workers (MHWs) working in primary care in supporting patients with FCR. In the current study, the effectiveness of a primary care delivered FCR intervention will be evaluated.Methods and analysisA two-armed cluster randomised trial will be conducted. The primary outcome will be FCR severity; secondary outcomes will be FCR-related distress, healthcare uptake and healthcare costs. Primary care practices in the Netherlands will be invited to participate in the study. Participating practices will be stratified by size and socioeconomic status and randomised. In the control arm, practices will provide care as usual. In the intervention arm, practices will offer the cognitive–behavioural FCR intervention that is being studied, which consists of an intake with the GP and five sessions with the MHW. Patients who have finished successful curative treatment for cancer between 3 months and 10 years ago will be invited to participate in the study by invitation letter from their GPs. Participating patients will fill out questionnaires at baseline, after 3 months and after 12 months. Data on healthcare use will be collected from their electronic health records. Qualitative interviews are held at T1 with patients and practitioners in the intervention group.Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Research Ethics Committee (METC) Utrecht has reviewed the study in accordance with the Dutch Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (WMO) and other applicable Dutch and European regulations. Based on the requirements of the WMO, the METC Utrecht has issued an approval of the above-mentioned study. Any protocol amendments will be communicated to all relevant parties. Written consent is obtained from study participants. Results will be dispersed through peer-reviewed publications and scientific presentations.Trial registration numberNL7573 in the Netherlands Trial Register on 25-02-2019.
Improved HOM-mitigation for future SPS 33-Cell 200 MHz traveling-wave accelerating structures
Authors: Kramer P. , Vollinger C. 
Published: December 2019

The CERN SPS 200 MHz traveling-wave (TW) accelerating structures pose an intensity limitation for the planned High Luminosity (HL-) LHC upgrade. Higher-order modes (HOMs) around 630 MHz have been identified as one of the main sources of longitudinal multi-bunch instabilities. Improved mitigation of these HOMs with respect to today’s HOM-damping scheme is therefore an essential part of the LHC injectors upgrade (LIU) project. The basic principles of HOM-couplers in cavities and today’s damping scheme are reviewed. Before illustrating the numerous requirements, an improved damping scheme for the future 33-cell structures must be fulfilled. These are, among others, the mitigation of HOMs situated in the lower part of the structure where there are no access ports for extraction, a sufficient overall damping performance and an acceptable influence on the fundamental accelerating passband (FPB). Different approaches tackling these challenges are investigated and their performance, advantages and pitfalls are evaluated by ACE3P and CST electromagnetic (EM) field solver suites.
Association of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes with Homologous Recombination Deficiency and BRCA1/2 Status in Patients with Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Pooled Analysis
Authors: Telli Melinda L. , Chu Charles , Badve Sunil S. , Vinayak Shaveta , Silver Daniel P. , Isakoff Steven J. , Kaklamani Virginia , Gradishar William , Stearns Vered , Connolly Roisin M. , Ford James M. , Gruber Joshua J. , Adams Sylvia , Garber Judy , Tung Nadine , Neff Chris , Bernhisel Ryan , Timms Kirsten M. , Richardson Andrea L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with homologous recombination deficient tumors achieve significantly higher pathologic complete response (pCR) rates when treated with neoadjuvant platinum-based therapy. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are prognostic and predictive of chemotherapy benefit in early stage TNBC. The relationship between TILs, BRCA1/2 mutation status, and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status in TNBC remains unclear.

Experimental Design:
We performed a pooled analysis of five phase II studies that included patients with TNBC treated with neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy to evaluate the association of TILs with HRD status (Myriad Genetics) and tumor BRCA1/2 mutation status. Furthermore, the relationship between pathologic response assessed using the residual cancer burden (RCB) index and HRD status with adjustment for TILs was evaluated.

Results:
Among 161 patients, stromal TIL (sTIL) density was not significantly associated with HRD status (P = 0.107) or tumor BRCA1/2 mutation status (P = 0.391). In multivariate analyses, sTIL density [OR, 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.94–1.61; P = 0.139] was not associated with pCR, but was associated with RCB 0/I status (OR 1.62; 95% CI, 1.20–2.28; P = 0.001). HRD was significantly associated with both pCR (OR 12.09; 95% CI, 4.11–44.29; P = 7.82 × 10−7) and RCB 0/I (OR 10.22; 95% CI, 4.11–28.75; P = 1.09 × 10−7) in these models.

Conclusions:
In patients with TNBC treated with neoadjuvant platinum-based therapy, TIL density was not significantly associated with either tumor BRCA1/2 mutation status or HRD status. In this pooled analysis, HRD and sTIL density were independently associated with treatment response, with HRD status being the strongest predictor.