bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competing Narratives in a Case Biography: A Tale of Two Citadels
Authors: Jones Caroline , Montgomery Jonathan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article is the fourth in a series introducing the reader to methods and theories relevant to advancing socio‐legal research. They are written for the curious rather than the expert reader and provide illustrations of how the theories, methods, and frameworks have been employed and might be used in your work.This article explores the use of case biography methods for socio‐legal studies. Drawing on ‘paths to justice’ studies, network analysis, and legal archaeology, we develop a case study of AC v.Berkshire West Primary Care Trust. We show how the judicial determination of the case suppressed a transgender rights narrative construction of the dispute in favour of one about health care law. Our case biography analysis explores how competing narratives can be traced not only through legal argument and literature, but also through the personnel involved, in ways that are obscured by formal records. Paying attention to biographical features leads to a richer understanding of cases, including the importance of pre‐ and post‐judicial decision‐making aspects.
Correlation between insulin‐like peptide 3 and appendix testis length in congenital cryptorchidism
Authors: Panagidis Antonios , Kostopoulou Eirini , Rojas Gil Andrea Paola , Sinopidis Xenophon , Kourea Helen , Skiadopoulos Spyros , Georgiou George , Spiliotis Bessie E 
Published: July 2020

AimThe appendix testis (AT) is a vestigial remnant of Müller's paramesonephric duct. Insulin‐like 3 hormone (INSL3) is produced in the Leydig cells of the testis. We investigated the possible correlation between AT length and plasma INSL3 concentrations in patients with congenital cryptorchidism (CCO) and patients with hydrocele, who served as controls.MethodsA total of 40 patients with CCO and 34 patients with hydrocele and orthotopic testes were investigated. Sixteen patients presented high cryptorchidism and 24 low cryptorchidism. During surgery, AT was identified in 34 patients with CCO (high cryptorchidism:15, low cryptorchidism:19) and 28 controls. Plasma INSL3 levels were measured with a spectrophotometry enzyme immunoassay Elisa sandwich technique.ResultsAT was present in 85.0% of the boys with CCO and 82.4% of the controls. A significant positive correlation was found between the AT length and INSL3 concentrations in CCO patients.ConclusionsA longer AT may reflect better testicular function in boys with CCO, since it is correlated with higher INSL3 concentrations.
Spinosin protects N2a cells from H2O2-induced neurotoxicity through inactivation of p38MAPK
Authors: Xu Fanxing , Zhang Xiaoying , Wang Jinyu , Li Xu , He Bosai , Xiao Feng , Yan Tingxu , Wu Bo , Jia Ying , Wang Zhenzhong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Previous studies have suggested that spinosin (SPI) exerted neuroprotective effects through inhibition of oxidative damage, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Herein, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of SPI against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were examined in neuro-2a (N2a) mouse neuroblastoma cells.

Methods
N2a cells were pretreated with H2O2 for 2 h, followed by a 24-h incubation with SPI. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was analysed by flow cytometry. Levels of Aβ1-42 production were determined by ELISA assay. Levels of expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-JNK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p-ERK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), p-p38MAPK, p-Tau (Ser199), p-Tau (Ser202), p-Tau (Ser396), synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic scaffold postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) were detected by Western blot analysis.

Key findings
Our results showed that H2O2 treatment enhanced intracellular ROS production in N2a cells. SPI prevented H2O2-induced oxidative damage via inhibiting Aβ1-42 production, decreasing Tau phosphorylation and improving synaptic structural plasticity. Notably, H2O2-increased p38MAPK activation was attenuated by SPI administration, and p38MAPK inhibitor BIRB796 markedly reduced H2O2-induced oxidative damage in N2a cells.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that SPI protects N2a cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage through inactivation of p38MAPK.
Inhibition of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase potentiates cisplatin activity in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Abdulrahman Nabeel , Siveen Kodappully Sivaraman , Joseph Jensa Mariam , Osman Aisha , Yalcin Huseyin C , Hasan Anwarul , Uddin Shahab , Mraiche Fatima 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
Cisplatin is a standard treatment approach against lung adenocarcinoma. Resistance to cisplatin and the toxic side effects of cisplatin continue to remain a challenge. Combining drugs with different mechanisms is being investigated as a means to overcome these challenges. In ovarian cancer cells, the knockdown of RSK2 increased the sensitivity of cisplatin. RSK is a downstream mediator of the MAPK pathway that is responsible for cell survival, proliferation and migration.

Methods
Our study examined the effect of cisplatin, BI-D1870 (RSK inhibitor) or their combination on cell migration, apoptosis, autophagy and cell cycle in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Key Findings
The combination of cisplatin and BI-D1870 potentiated the antimigration rate, the activation of caspases-3 and was associated with a significant decrease in RSK1 and ERK expression when compared to cisplatin alone. The combination of cisplatin and BI-D1870 also resulted in the inhibition of LC3 II to LC3 I expression when compared to BI-D1870. The combination of cisplatin and BI-D1870 increased the number of cells in the G2/M-phase when compared to cisplatin alone.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that combining cisplatin with agents that target the RSK mediated cell survival pathway, may potentiate the cisplatin effect in lung adenocarcinoma.
Elevated Temperature Affects Phenotypic Plasticity in the Bull Kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Supratya Varoon P. , Coleman Liam J.M. , Martone Patrick T. 
Published: July 2020

The sensitivity of kelps to elevated temperatures has been linked to recent declines in some kelp populations, with cascading impacts on marine communities. However, it remains unclear how thermal stress affects the ability of kelps to respond to other environmental factors, which could influence their vulnerability to climate change. We investigated the effect of thermal stress on the ability of the bull kelp Nereocystis luetkeana to acclimate to its surrounding hydrodynamic environment through tension‐regulated plasticity in blade morphology. We first determined optimal and stressful temperatures for N. luetkeana by measuring growth over nine temperatures from 5°C to 22°C. We then exposed N. luetkeana blades to a factorial combination of temperature (13°C and 20°C) and tension (0.5 N and 2.0 N) simulating different flow conditions, and measured changes in blade length and width after 7 days. The temperature at which N. luetkeana exhibited maximum growth was estimated to be ~11.9°C, though growth was high over a relatively wide temperature range. When thermally stressed, N. luetkeana maintained morphological responses to simulated high flow, but were inhibited from acclimating to low flow, indicated by an inability of blades to widen. Our results suggest that N. luetkeana in sheltered habitats may be particularly vulnerable to climate warming, where an inability to adjust blade morphology to local hydrodynamic conditions could drive declines at sublethal levels of warming. As ecologically important foundation species, declines in sheltered kelp populations could result in major biodiversity loss and disrupt ecosystem function.
Veteran Therapeutics: The Promise of Military Medicine and the Possibilities of Disability in the Post‐9/11 United States
Authors: Wool Zoë H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article draws on a decade of ethnographic work with injured U.S. soldiers and veterans to show the collateral effects of military medicine's salvific promise. In tracing these effects through recent changes in amputation protocols and less spectacular conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder, I show that the prevalent model of “veteran therapeutics,” which posits cure as the aim of post‐war, has perverse and cruel effects. Drawing on disability theory, I explore alternative ways to read the frictions that soldiers and veterans experience, stretched between the medical model of veteran therapeutics and an emergent sense that cure may be an impossible goal. Alternatively, the article turns to moments when veterans learn to live with disability, rather than living in anticipation of its end. Though small, such moments contain possibilities for a less cruel mode of inhabiting disability, offering incipient signs of what we might call a crip art of failure.
The determinants of employers’ use of temporary contracts in the frictional labor market
Authors: Masui Makoto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the following two primary reasons that employers use temporary contracts: to flexibly adjust employment and to screen workers. A search‐matching framework is used to not only address employers’ endogenous choices in using temporary contracts, but also numerically identify the situations in which these contracts are likely to be used as a screening tool for permanent positions. This numerical exercise demonstrates that reducing employment protections in permanent jobs, reducing benefits for unemployed workers and raising the conversion probability from temporary to permanent employment will increase the relative proportion of employers who use temporary contracts as a screening device.
Evidence for validity for the Cognitive Load Inventory for Handoffs
Authors: Young John Q. , John Majnu , Thakker Krima , Friedman Karen , Sugarman Rebekah , Sewell Justin L. , O’Sullivan Patricia S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractContextPatient handovers remain a significant patient safety challenge. Cognitive load theory (CLT) can be used to identify the cognitive mechanisms for handover errors. The ability to measure cognitive load types during handovers could drive the development of more effective curricula and protocols. No such measure currently exists.MethodsThe authors developed the Cognitive Load Inventory for Handoffs (CLIH) using a multi‐step process, including expert interviews to enhance content validity and talk‐alouds to optimise response process validity. The final version contained 28 items. From January to March 2019, we administered a cross‐sectional survey to 1807 residents and fellows from a large health care system in the USA. Participants completed the CLIH following a handover. Exploratory factor analysis of data from one‐third of respondents identified high‐performing items; confirmatory factor analysis of data from the remaining sample assessed model fit. Model fit was evaluated using the comparative fit index (CFI) (>0.90), Tucker‐Lewis index (TFI) (>0.80), standardised root mean square residual (SRMR) (<0.08) and root mean square of error of approximation (RMSEA) (<0.08).ResultsParticipants included 693 trainees (38.4%) (231 in the exploratory study and 462 in the confirmatory study). Eleven items were removed during exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis of the 16 remaining items (five for intrinsic load, seven for extraneous load and four for germane load) supported a three‐factor model and met criteria for good model fit: the CFI was 0.95, TFI was 0.93, RMSEA was 0.074 and SRMR was 0.07. The factor structure was comparable for gender and role. Intrinsic, extraneous and germane load scales had high internal consistency. With one exception, scale scores were associated, as hypothesised, with postgraduate level and clinical setting.ConclusionsThe CLIH measures three types of cognitive load during patient handovers. Evidencefor validity is provided for the CLIH's content, response process, internal structure and association with other variables. This instrument can be used to determine the relative drivers of cognitive load during handovers in order to optimize handover instruction and protocols.
The refiguring of Ancient Rome in Fascist Italy's national imagination
Authors: Fadda Salvatore 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe relationship between the Italian fascist regime and Roman archaeology was based on an extreme simplification of antiquity, reduced to a set of aesthetic motifs used to exploit their symbolic power. This article aims to examine how the culture of the ruling classes of liberal Italy came to identify its past in ancient Rome and then to highlight the decontextualisation and semantic transformation of certain symbols taken from ancient Roman iconography under the fascist regime which used them for political and nationalistic purposes. Through the analysis of the process of isolation and transformation to which the ruins of ancient Rome have been subjected, the article highlights how the same dynamics were adopted for iconographic elements of antiquity, leading to the creation of modern symbols invested with supposedly ancient values.
Genetic variation of seedling traits responded to brassinosteroid and gibberellin inhibitors in maize (Zea mays) doubled haploid lines
Authors: Hu Kun , Xie Ying , Wu Chenglai , Frei Ursula K. , Lübberstedt Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the genotypic variation in maize doubled haploid (DH) lines response to brassinosteroid and gibberellin inhibitors. Plant responses to hormone inhibitors were determined in growth chamber experiments using germination paper for three different seedling treatments: application of propiconazole (Pcz), uniconazole (Ucz) or water (control). Mesocotyl length (ML) was more sensitive to hormone inhibitors, especially to the Ucz treatment, than other seedling traits. ML was significantly correlated with other traits in the Ucz treatment. All the seedling traits showed moderate‐to‐high broad sense heritability values, ranging from 0.39 to 0.82. The Euclidian genetic distances of inbred line pairs ranged from 1.27 to 19.94, indicating there was a high level of variability across the maize DH lines used in this study. DH lines with extreme MLs were identified, which can provide valuable breeding resources for improving abiotic stress tolerance, and for further genetic studies.
Prediction of candidate genes associated with resistance to soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in line UG‐5
Authors: Gebremedhn Hailay M. , Msiska Ulemu M. , Weldekidan Miesho B. , Odong Thomas L. , Rubaihayo Patrick , Tukamuhabwa Phinehas 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTOnline databases containing genetic information are crucial to extract new candidate genes from existing data and web‐based resources. The objective of this study was, therefore, to predict putative candidate genes associated with resistance to SBR in line UG‐5 and understand their functions using different bioinformatics tools from the online available databases. The physical positions for the flanking markers of the identified putative QTLs were searched on the SoyBase database genome browser based on Glyma 1.01 assembly. The putative candidate genes and annotated functions of the surrounding genes were discovered in the vicinity using SoyBase and Phytozome databases. A total of 18 putative candidate genes were predicted on approximately 482.7 kb region of QTL‐3 (chromosome 18), among which, six putative candidate genes were found to encode leucine‐rich repeat (LRR), Ser/Thr protein phosphatase, leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like protein kinase (LRR‐RLK) and chitinase‐related proteins, which are associated with plant defence signalling pathways. Moreover, F‐box and leucine‐rich repeat, glycosyltransferase family member and serine/threonine‐protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit coding genes were predicted on the novel putative QTL detected on chromosome 9. This information could, therefore, be used for further prediction and annotation of candidate genes from sequenced regions of line UG‐5 as these putative candidate genes were predicted from the Glyma 1.01 assembly.
Doxastic divergence and the problem of comparability. Pragmatism defended further
Authors: Meylan Anne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSituations where it is not obvious which of two incompatible actions we ought to perform are commonplace. As has frequently been noted in the contemporary literature, a similar issue seems to arise in the field of beliefs. Cases of doxastic divergence are cases in which the subject seems subject to two divergent oughts to believe: an epistemic and a practical ought to believe. This article supports the moderate pragmatist view according to which subjects ought, all things considered, to hold the practically right belief in, at least, some cases of doxastic divergence. Unlike many defences of pragmatism, this paper does not aim to overcome exclusivism (briefly, the view that only epistemic, but not practical, considerations have an influence on what a subject ought to believe). Another major challenge that pragmatism faces is to show that the epistemic and the practical ought to believe are comparable. This article makes a case for their comparability.
Trust in Nurses Scale: validation of the core elements
Authors: Comparcini Dania , Simonetti Valentina , Tomietto Marco , Radwin Laurel E. , Cicolini Giancarlo 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS) was developed and psychometrically assessed so that patients’ trust could be accurately and reliably measured. The TNS has been translated, assessed and administered to patients in Europe, Asia and North America.AimThis descriptive, cross‐sectional, correlational study aimed to assess the psychometric characteristics of the Italian version of the Trust in Nurses Scale.MethodsAn Italian version of the TNS was developed. We used a forward–backward translation methodology to establish semantic and conceptual equivalence within the Italian context. The scale was then administered to a convenience sample of 200 hospitalised patients in medical, surgical or oncology units. Internal consistency and construct validity were assessed performing Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Both a 4‐item and a 5‐item TNS were assessed.ResultsThe 4‐item TNS demonstrated better construct validity than the 5‐item version. Similarly, the internal consistency reliability was better with 4 items than 5 (0.83 and 0.79, respectively).ConclusionThe Italian version of the scale has acceptable reliability and validity and may be used to assess this aspect of the nurse–patient relationship. Being tested in different settings, it may be used with all patients admitted to hospital. Trust in nurses is critically important to patient outcomes; however, it is rarely measured quantitatively on a wide scale. The use of the Italian validated scale could be useful to increase evidences on this important topic, as it represents a core component of nursing care.
Political Trust and Native American Electoral Participation: An Analysis of Survey Data from Nevada and South Dakota
Authors: Schroedel Jean , Berg Aaron , Dietrich Joseph , Rodriguez Javier M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective. This research analyzes the impact of political trust on Native American electoral participation, using survey responses from roughly 1,500 Native Americans living in South Dakota and Nevada.Method. The in‐person survey taking was conducted at locations in Native communities and with the support of tribal leaders, allowing us to overcome many of the methodological issues that have hampered previous studies.Results. We found much higher levels of electoral participation in tribal elections than in non‐tribal elections. Respondents expressed high levels of distrust in nontribal government and voting methods, and this distrust has a surprisingly powerful impact on the decision to participate in nontribal elections.Conclusion. We suggest that historical trauma and ongoing discrimination are the primary causes of distrust among Native Americans and find support for this in the observed differences in levels of trust between South Dakota and Nevada.
Climate Change Communication: Examining the Social and Cognitive Barriers to Productive Environmental Communication
Authors: Merkel Sonia Hélène , Person Angela M. , Peppler Randy A. , Melcher Sarah M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectives. This study explores the efficacy of visual appeals that may be used to communicate environmental risk.Methods. To better understand the social and cognitive barriers present in environmental risk communication associated with climate change, we conducted a series of six focus groups. Groups were asked to view images of environmental issues and select the best representation of their feelings out of a range of preselected emotions. While further research is required, preliminary investigation based on the focus groups suggests several themes. Results. First, an individual's familiarity with both an area and an event will decrease the individual's perception of urgency; conversely, the participants expressed greater concern for events that were local and new—in other words, familiarity diminishes urgency, while emergent problems create alacrity. Second, participants expressed a sentiment of tacit blame, in which the participant's own contribution to the issue received less emphasis when ascribing fault. Last, the participants reacted positively toward messages that emphasized a hopeful and solution‐based narrative and were seemingly less motivated by images that relied on fear‐based messaging.
Conclusions.
Preliminary findings suggest that hopeful, solution‐based messaging may be more effective in facilitating pro‐environmental behavior than either fear‐ or guilt‐based appeals.
A Neuroadaptive Cognitive Model for Dealing With Uncertainty in Tracing Pilots' Cognitive State
Authors: Klaproth Oliver W. , Halbrügge Marc , Krol Laurens R. , Vernaleken Christoph , Zander Thorsten O. , Russwinkel Nele 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA model‐based approach for cognitive assistance is proposed to keep track of pilots' changing demands in dynamic situations. Based on model‐tracing with flight deck interactions and EEG recordings, the model is able to represent individual pilots' behavior in response to flight deck alerts. As a first application of the concept, an ACT‐R cognitive model is created using data from an empirical flight simulator study on neurophysiological signals of missed acoustic alerts. Results show that uncertainty of individual behavior representation can be significantly reduced by combining cognitive modeling with EEG data. Implications for cognitive assistance in aviation are discussed.