bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Alter Pancreatic and Hepatic Histology and Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in High-fat Diet Mouse Model
Authors: Fang Taiyong , Huang Siying , Chen Yongpeng , Chen Zongchi , Chen Jiangmu , Hu Weitao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground Obesity is a major health problem worldwide, and non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are obesity-associated complications. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist, has been approved for treatment of obesity. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of liraglutide on the complications through its regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.Methods A high-fat diet mouse model was established in C57BL/6J mice. Two groups of mice were fed a high-fat diet with 60% fat for 16 weeks and control mice were fed standard chow. A four-week 0.6 mg/kg/day liraglutide treatment was started in one high-fat diet group after 12 weeks of the high-fat diet. After sacrificing the mice, pancreatic and hepatic tissues were prepared for western blot and immunohistochemistry for ER stress proteins, including activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), caspase 12, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α (eIF2α), glucose regulated protein (GRP) 78 and protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK).Results Liraglutide significantly decreased body weight gained by mice consuming a high-fat diet (27.6 g vs. 34.5 g, P<0.001), and levels of all ER proteins increased significantly in both the pancreas and liver (all P<0.05). Expression of most ER stress proteins in pancreatic tissue correlated with disease scores of NAFLD (all P<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in pancreatic ATF 4 expression between mice without NAFLD, and those with early non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrotic NASH (P=0.122).Conclusion Liraglutide may reduce the severity of NAFPD and NAFLD through regulating the ER stress pathway and downstream apoptosis signaling.
Large prolapse-related lesions of the sigmoid colon
Authors: van Hattem W. Arnout , Shahidi Neal , Vosko Sergei , Bar-Yishay Iddo , Schoeman Scott , Sidhu Mayenaaz , McLeod Duncan , Bourke Michael J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Large prolapse-related lesions (LPRL) of the sigmoid colon have been documented histologically but may not be readily recognized endoscopically.
Methods Colonic lesions referred for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) were enrolled prospectively. Endoscopic features were carefully documented prior to resection. Final diagnosis was made based on established histologic criteria, including vascular congestion, hemosiderin deposition, fibromuscular hyperplasia, and crypt distortion.
Results Of 134 large ( ≥ 20 mm) sigmoid lesions, 12 (9.0 %) had histologic features consistent with mucosal prolapse. Distinct endoscopic features were: broad-based morphology; vascular pattern obscured by dusky hyperemia; blurred crypts of varying size and shape; and irregular spacing of sparse crypts. Focal histologic dysplasia was identified in 6 of 12 lesions (50.0 %).
Conclusions LPRL of the sigmoid colon exhibit a distinct endoscopic profile. Although generally non-neoplastic, dysplasia may be present, warranting consideration of EMR.
Cross-Coupling Reactions of Double or Triple Electrophilic Templates for Alkene Synthesis
Authors: Tobrman Tomáš , Edlová Tereza , Čubiňák Marek 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis short review summarizes the latest advances in the cross-coupling reactions of double and triple electrophilic templates bearing halogen atoms and an activated C–O bond. Reactions involving the formation of a C–C bond as part of di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted double bond systems are highlighted.1 Introduction2 Cross-Coupling Reactions of Halovinyl Tosylates3 Cross-Coupling Reactions of Halovinyl Triflates4 Cross-Coupling Reactions of Halovinyl Phosphates5 Cross-Coupling Reactions of Halovinyl Esters6 Conclusion
The Role of Coconut Oil in Treating Patients Affected by Plaque-Induced Gingivitis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ripari Francesca , Filippone Federica , Zumbo Giulia , Covello Francesco , Zara Francesca , Vozza Iole 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the coconut oil pulling efficacy as adjuvant in reducing plaque formation and in treating plaque-induced gingivitis.
Materials and Methods A sample of 20 patients was divided into two groups: a study and a control group. In the study group, coconut oil, in form of mouthwash, was administered to a sample of patients affected by gingivitis, aged between 18 and 35. The protocol established a daily application of the product for 30 days, where clinical parameters for plaque formation and gingivitis—plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI)—will be evaluated during the recalls on a specific periodontal chart. The control group did not associate a coadjuvant to the normal daily oral health procedures and the same clinical parameters were evaluated at t0 and after 30 days (t1). The data were statistically analyzed using Student’s t-test, establishing the significance level as p < 0.05.
Results PI and BI decreased in both groups, with a more relevant and significant drop in the study group, from a mean value of PI of 58.0 to 19.3 and a mean value of BI of 33.5 to 5.0. In the control group, the values decreased, respectively, from 53.9 to 29.1 for PI, and from 33.5 to 16.2. Furthermore, no significant side effect was reported during coconut oil pulling therapy.
Conclusions The collected data showed significant and promising improvements in reducing plaque formation and gingivitis. However, further researches have to be performed to have more consistent and statistically significant data on larger samples and to fully understand the mechanisms of action and effectiveness.
Apresentação rara de schwannoma no tornozelo: Um relato de caso
Authors: Gupta Prateek Kumar , Acharya Ashis , Panda Shakti Swarup 
Published: September 2020

ResumoSchwannomas são tumores benignos de crescimento lento, e constituem 8% de todos os tumores de tecido mole. Os sinais clínicos e sintomas são muitas vezes mal interpretados por causa da baixa incidência, e, muitas vezes, esses tumores são mal diagnosticados. Um paciente do sexo masculino de 39 anos apresentou um inchaço solitário não traumático sobre o aspecto posteromedial do tornozelo direito, que aumentou gradualmente de tamanho e estava associado a dor. O inchaço era clinicamente firme, não flutuante, e não associado a qualquer comprometimento sensório-motor. A excisão cirúrgica do inchaço foi feita sem danificar os vasos e os nervos circundantes. O exame histopatológico do tumor excisado revelou schwannoma.
Neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy and Lateral Node Dissection: Is It Mutually Exclusive?
Authors: Ogura Atsushi , van Oostendorp Stefan , Kusters Miranda 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe importance of total mesorectal excision (TME) has been the global standard of care in patients with rectal cancer. However, there is no universal strategy for lateral lymph nodes (LLN). The treatment of the lateral compartment remains controversial and has gone to the opposite directions between Eastern and Western countries in the past decades. In the East, mainly Japan, surgeons consider LLN metastases as regional disease and have performed TME with lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) without neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy ([C]RT) in patients with clinical Stage II/III rectal cancer below the peritoneal reflection. In the West, neoadjuvant radiotherapy or has been the standard, and surgeons do not perform LLND assuming the (C)RT can sterilize most lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM). Recent evidences show that lateral nodes are the major cause of local recurrence after (C)RT plus TME, and LLND reduces local recurrence particularly from the lateral compartment. Probably a combination of the two strategies, that is, neoadjuvant (C)RT plus LLND, would be needed to improve outcomes in patients with lateral nodal disease.
Propeller Flaps for Hand and Digit Reconstruction
Authors: Tos Pierluigi , Crosio Alessandro , Pugliese Pierfrancesco , Georgescu Alexandru Valentin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the hand, as seen often after trauma or tumor excision, is a challenge due to the great differentiation of tissues depending on the hand area involved. The classical intrinsic “workhorse flaps” of the hand are associated with a significant donor-site morbidity. Capturing perforator vessels in discrete donor areas can reduce the amount of soft tissue that has to be dissected and included in what now would be a perforator flap, while also insuring robust vascularization of those transferred tissues. Moreover, the presence of perforator vessels both on the dorsal and volar sides of the hand allows harvest of perforator flaps that will respect the like-with-like principle by maintaining the main characteristics of volar and dorsal skin as desired. However, the dissection of these flaps, especially those based on volar palmar and digital perforators, still requires microsurgical skills to preserve the fine vascularization of these flaps. These small flaps are also amenable for application of the propeller flap concept. This is an especially valuable means for preserving the length of an amputated finger where bone is exposed by using more proximal uninjured tissues. Although in general only a short dissection is required to raise a propeller flap in this region, most often the donor site will have to be closed by a skin graft.
Our Definition of Propeller Flaps and Their Classification
Authors: Pignatti Marco , Ogawa Rei , Mateev Musa , Georgescu Alexandru V. , Balakrishnan Govindasamy , Ono Shimpei , Cubison Tania , Pinto Valentina , D'Arpa Salvatore , Koshima Isao , Hyakusoku Hiko , Hallock Geoffrey G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe term propeller flap was introduced for the first time by Hyakusoku to define an island flap, based on a subcutaneous pedicle hub, that was rotated 90 degrees to correct scar contractures due to burns. With the popularization of perforator flaps, the propeller movement was applied for the first time to a skin island vascularized only by an isolated perforator, and the terms propeller and perforator flap were used together. Thereafter, the surgical technique of propeller flaps evolved and new applications developed. With the “Tokyo consensus,” we proposed a definition and a classification schema for propeller flaps. A propeller flap was defined as an “island flap that reaches the recipient site through an axial rotation.” The classification included the SPP (SPP) flap, the perforator pedicled propeller (PPP) flap, and the supercharged PPP (SCP) flap. A recent update added a new category, the axial pedicled propeller (APP) flap. Here we propose our updated and comprehensive classification of propeller flaps, taking into account the previous classification and subsequent publications. Based on their vascular pedicle, we consider the following five types of propellers: (1) SPP flap, 2.PPP flap, its subtype (2a) SCP flap, (3) APP flap, (4) muscle propeller flap, and (5) chimeric propeller flap. The variables that can be taken into account in the classification are as follows: type of nourishing pedicle, degrees of skin island rotation, position of the nourishing pedicle, artery of origin of the pedicle, and flap shape.
Hospice Care, Disease Burden Prediction, and the “Unbefriended” Patient
Authors: Biswas Sayan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has created a global mayhem. Patient care has been severely affected. Patients with chronic conditions such as dialysis-dependent end stage renal diseases are finding it challenging to seek out continuous treatment. Ground breaking work by Dr. Ravikanth Yalamuri of Methodist TexSan Hospital is paving new pathways for tackling patient volume in hospital settings, especially in hospices. In particular, Dr. Yalamuri has provided succinct insights into empathetic caring for the unbefriended patients. These elderly orphans have major issues with cognition and require high levels of social aids and support, especially when they are admitted to the hospital or when they have a terminal illness. Dr. Yalamuri has highlighted the utility of operations research in these multifaceted disease model prediction.
Australian funnel-web spiders evolved human-lethal δ-hexatoxins for defense against vertebrate predators
Authors: Herzig Volker , Sunagar Kartik , Wilson David T. R. , Pineda Sandy S. , Israel Mathilde R. , Dutertre Sebastien , McFarland Brianna Sollod , Undheim Eivind A. B. , Hodgson Wayne C. , Alewood Paul F. , Lewis Richard J. , Bosmans Frank , Vetter Irina , King Glenn F. , Fry Bryan G. 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceThe venom of Australian funnel-web spiders contains δ-hexatoxins (δ-HXTXs) that exert fatal neurotoxic effects in humans by inhibiting inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels, but their precise ecological role remains unclear. Sequencing of venom-gland transcriptomes from 10 funnel-web species uncovered 22 δ-HXTXs. Evolutionary analysis revealed extreme conservation of these toxins, despite their ancient origin. We isolated the lethal δ-HXTX from venom of the Sydney funnel-web spider and showed that it induces pain in mice, suggesting a role in predator deterrence. Although humans are not the target of δ-HXTXs, these toxins likely evolved to deter vertebrate predators commonly encountered by these spiders, such as bandicoots, birds, and lizards. Thus, the lethal potency of δ-HXTXs against humans is an unfortunate evolutionary coincidence.
Quality-control mechanisms targeting translationally stalled and C-terminally extended poly(GR) associated with ALS/FTD
Authors: Li Shuangxi , Wu Zhihao , Tantray Ishaq , Li Yu , Chen Songjie , Dong Jason , Glynn Steven , Vogel Hannes , Snyder Michael , Lu Bingwei 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceAmyotrophic laterosclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressing neurological disease that robs patients’ motor functions. Despite intensive research, molecular events that initiate the disease are poorly understood. Expansion of G4C2 repeats in theC9orf72gene causes ALS with frontotemporal dementia, one of the most common forms of ALS. Increasing evidence suggests that dipeptides translated from G4C2 repeat transcripts, especially the arginine-containing poly(GR) and poly(PR), are particularly toxic. We found that translation of poly(GR) can occur on mitochondrial surface and is frequently stalled, triggering ribosome-associated quality control and C-terminal extension, which promote poly(GR) aggregation and toxicity. Genetic studies uncovered conserved roles of mitochondrial protease YME1L and noncanonical Notch signaling in restraining poly(GR), offering insights into disease pathogenesis and targets for therapeutic intervention.
Ventromedial prefrontal area 14 provides opposing regulation of threat and reward-elicited responses in the common marmoset
Authors: Stawicka Zuzanna M. , Massoudi Roohollah , Horst Nicole K. , Koda Ken , Gaskin Philip L. R. , Alexander Laith , Santangelo Andrea M. , McIver Lauren , Cockcroft Gemma J. , Wood Christian M. , Roberts Angela C. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex is a large heterogenous region, which is dysfunctional in mood and anxiety disorders. Unfortunately, neuroimaging and focal lesion studies in humans have failed to resolve this heterogeneity, especially in relation to the symptom domains of enhanced negative emotion, blunted positive emotion, and autonomic dysfunction. We address this issue in marmoset monkeys, which have similar prefrontal organization to humans. By comparing inactivation and overactivation of area 14 within rostral ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) across threatening and rewarding contexts, we reveal how area 14 overactivation heightens responsivity to distal threat and blunts appetitive arousal. Its lack of effect on basal cardiovascular reactivity and expression and extinction of certain proximal threat highlight its distinct profile of effects within the vmPFC.
Rhizosphere activity in an old-growth forest reacts rapidly to changes in soil moisture and shapes whole-tree carbon allocation
Authors: Joseph Jobin , Gao Decai , Backes Bernhard , Bloch Corinne , Brunner Ivano , Gleixner Gerd , Haeni Matthias , Hartmann Henrik , Hoch Günter , Hug Christian , Kahmen Ansgar , Lehmann Marco M. , Li Mai-He , Luster Jörg , Peter Martina , Poll Christian , Rigling Andreas , Rissanen Kaisa A. , Ruehr Nadine K. , Saurer Matthias , Schaub Marcus , Schönbeck Leonie , Stern Benjamin , Thomas Frank M. , Werner Roland A. , Werner Willy , Wohlgemuth Thomas , Hagedorn Frank , Gessler Arthur 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Climate change increases the frequency of drought events and leads to higher variability in precipitation. Drought impairs rhizosphere (root and the root-associated microbiome) functioning in trees and leads to a reduced assimilate supply belowground. It remains unclear if rhizosphere and thus whole-tree functioning can quickly recover after drought release. We show that rhizosphere metabolic activity in previously drought-exposed 100-y-old Scots pine increased in response to subtle soil moisture increases (induced by light rainfall). As a consequence of this activity change, the belowground allocation of new assimilates was immediately stimulated. Even light rainfall events can lead to a fast recovery of rhizosphere functioning and the increased C and energy demand is instantly met by altered whole-tree assimilate allocation.
An apoptosis-dependent checkpoint for autoimmunity in memory B and plasma cells
Authors: Mayer Christian T. , Nieke Jan P. , Gazumyan Anna , Cipolla Melissa , Wang Qiao , Oliveira Thiago Y. , Ramos Victor , Monette Sébastien , Li Quan-Zhen , Gershwin M. Eric , Kashkar Hamid , Nussenzweig Michel C. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
A number of autoimmune diseases feature somatically mutated self-reactive antibodies that develop in germinal centers. Defects in apoptosis are associated with autoimmunity and increased autoantibody production, suggesting that apoptosis is an important control mechanism for autoimmune antibodies. We show that some autoreactive antibodies are tolerated in GC and uncover an apoptosis-dependent tolerance checkpoint in memory B and plasma cells.
Prevalence of neural collapse during the terminal phase of deep learning training
Authors: Papyan Vardan , Han X. Y. , Donoho David L. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Modern deep neural networks for image classification have achieved superhuman performance. Yet, the complex details of trained networks have forced most practitioners and researchers to regard them as black boxes with little that could be understood. This paper considers in detail a now-standard training methodology: driving the cross-entropy loss to zero, continuing long after the classification error is already zero. Applying this methodology to an authoritative collection of standard deepnets and datasets, we observe the emergence of a simple and highly symmetric geometry of the deepnet features and of the deepnet classifier, and we document important benefits that the geometry conveys—thereby helping us understand an important component of the modern deep learning training paradigm.
Translating the village
Authors: Ciribuco Andrea 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article explores translation in the lives of asylum seekers from various African countries living in state-provided
accommodation in the region of Umbria, Italy. While (semi) professional translators and interpreters play a crucial part in interactions
between institutions and asylum seekers, translation invests the totality of the asylum experience. Translation is a vital skill for asylum
seekers, and their interactions with the landscape of Italian villages involve the transfer of meaning across different languages and
semiotic systems (such as body language, social norms, and cultural practices). Building on recent semiotic and spatial approaches to
translation, this article examines the experience of translation that emerged from conversations with asylum seekers, providing an overview
of a complex ecosystem of translation and shedding light on the everyday reality of refugee integration.
Passengers’ deviant behavior mapping in train cars: Commuter line Tangerang-Duri
Authors: Zubair A , Setiadi H , Sumadio W 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
One of the public transportation choice in Jakarta and the surrounding areas is the Commuter Line (CL). However, this transportation mode is facing many problems related to behavior deviations that carried out by passengers. Even the CL management already has a code of conduct and security guard, passengers tend to break the law. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the passenger’s behavior in the Commuter Line. Individual behavior is observed by using the Place Centered Mapping method. This observation technique aimed to understand how people utilize or accommodate their behavior at a particular time and location in the train cars. This research model is divided into two stages. The first stage is by observation passenger’ behavior for seven days, and each day for ten hours. Besides observation, we also conduct a semi-structured interview to seven key persons. The second stage is examined the passenger’s behavior based on location. Triangulation and spatial analysis are used with several theoretical discussion about where, when and why passengers did deviant behavior. The results showed that the train door cars and the inter-car connection are vulnerable areas for passengers’ deviant behavior. The most common deviant behavior is violating regulations by using space not in accordance with its designation. The least deviant behavior is pickpocket and harassment, even it could happen in every space of the train cars. This deviant behavior occurs mainly because at the peak hour, the number of security guard officers is inadequate compared to the number of passengers