bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waldenström Macroglobulinemia of the orbit: A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Adiga Sushant , Mehta Aditi , Singh Usha , Singh Charanpreet , Sharma Rintu , Banerjee Nirmalya , Lad Deepesh , Rastogi Pulkit 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: Ocular adnexal lymphomas (OAL) constitute 55% of all orbital tumors. Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) presenting as an orbital mass with diffuse extraocular muscle (EOM) involvement is rare. We report an elderly patient who presented to the ophthalmologist for an orbital mass which on evaluation, turned out to an ocular adnexal WM. Observations: A 75 years old man presented with a palpable mass in the left anterior superior orbit and bilateral restricted ocular motility in all gazes. Computed tomography scan revealed a hyperdense mass with diffuse thickening of extraocular muscles and enlarged lacrimal gland on the left side. Incisional biopsy of the mass revealed a lymphoproliferative neoplasm with plasmacytic morphology. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the orbital mass as well as the bone marrow was sought, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (CD20+, CD38+, MUM1+, BCL 2+, CD3−, CD5−, CD10−, CD23−, cyclin D1). Bone marrow flow cytometry showed CD5−, CD10− kappa restricted B cell neoplasm. Serum analysis significantly elevated IgM levels. This indicated a diagnosis of ocular adnexal Waldenström Macroglobulinemia. Conclusion and importance: This case highlights the importance of clinical evaluation, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry for phenotyping of ocular adnexal lymphomas.
An Unusual Presentation of a Huge Nabothian Cyst of Cervix With Manifestation of Uterine Prolapse: A Case Report
Authors: Maharjan Sushna , Tiwari Mamata 
Published: November 2020

Background: Nabothian cysts are common benign cervical lesions in women of reproductive age. They usually occur due to childbirth or minor trauma; mostly are small and asymptomatic. However, huge nabothian cysts may have variable presentation and can even mimic malignancy thus, biopsy is recommended to rule out malignancy. The unusual presentation of nabothian cyst as uterine prolapse makes it a diagnostic challenge for management of the patient similar to the present case. Case report: We report a case of a huge nabothian cyst in a perimenopausal, multiparous woman who presented with complaints of something coming out of vagina suddenly after mild heavyweight lifting and pain abdomen. Pelvic examination revealed a second degree uterine prolapse with a large lump protruding outside the vagina. Transvaginal ultrasonography demonstrated a multicystic cervical mass of size 9.5 cm × 8.0 cm arising from the posterior lip of cervix that was protruding through the vaginal canal. After excision of mass, prolapse became first degree. Histopathologic diagnosis was a cervical nabothian cyst. Patient had persisting first degree uterine prolapse along with posterior vaginal wall prolapse on subsequent postoperative follow ups. Hence, vaginal hysterectomy with repair to the vaginal wall was performed later. Conclusion: The present case of nabothian cyst is reported for its unusual presentation as uterine prolapse. The risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in the present case are advancing age, multiparity and perimenopausal status. The connective tissue and levator ani muscle became weak and the nabothian cyst unmasked the POP that was latent and asymptomatic by increasing the prolapse from first degree to second degree.
Congenital hepatic cyst: Prenatal and postnatal imaging findings
Authors: Sepulveda Waldo , Sepulveda Francisco , Gonzalez Gloria , Arce Claudio , Alcalde Elisa 
Published: November 2020

Introduction Congenital hepatic cyst is a rare hepatobiliary malformation that can present as an asymptomatic, unilocular, upper abdominal cystic mass in the fetus. Cases We report two cases of congenital hepatic cyst in which the diagnosis was made by prenatal ultrasound at 25 and 33 weeks’ gestation. The diagnosis was confirmed postnatally by abdominal ultrasound and radiologic imaging studies. Although the infants remained asymptomatic, laparoscopic excision was performed due to the increasing size of the cyst in both cases. Pathological examination of the resected specimens confirmed a simple cyst in one case and an epidermoid cyst in the other. Conclusions Our cases and those described in the literature demonstrate the usefulness of incidental prenatal detection of congenital hepatic cyst, especially during late pregnancy. Such a diagnosis can allow for proper perinatal surveillance, selection of the route of delivery, and timely postnatal surgical intervention if required.
Epidemiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: identification of the most accurate estimates from a systematic literature review
Authors: Leber Laurence , Beaudet Amélie , Muller Audrey 
Published: November 2020

This systematic review of literature and online reports critically appraised incidence and prevalence estimates of pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension to identify the most accurate estimates. Medline® and Embase® databases were searched for articles published between 1 January 2003 and 31 August 2020. Studies were grouped according to whether they were registries (population‐based estimates), clinical databases (hospital‐based estimates) or claims/administrative databases. Registries were classified into systematic and non‐systematic registries, according to whether every national centre participated. Of 7309 publications identified, 5414 were screened after removal of duplicates and 33 were included. Inclusion was based on study type, availability of a clear numerator (diagnosed population) and a population‐ or hospital‐based denominator, or all primary data required to calculate estimates. Only the most recent publication from a database was included. Most studies were based on European data and very few included children. In adults, the range of estimates per million was approximately 20‐fold for pulmonary arterial hypertension incidence (1.5–32) and prevalence (12.4–268) and of similar magnitude for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension incidence (0.9–39) and prevalence (14.5–144). Recent (≤5 years) national systematic registry data from centralised healthcare systems provided the following ranges in adult estimates per million: approximately 5.8 for pulmonary arterial hypertension incidence, 47.6–54.7 for pulmonary arterial hypertension prevalence, 3.1–6.0 for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension incidence and 25.8–38.4 for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension prevalence. These estimates were considered the most reliable and consistent for the scientific community to plan for resource allocation and improve detection rates.
Fibroblast growth factor-2 alleviates the capillary leakage and inflammation in sepsis
Authors: Pan Xiaojun , Xu Shunyao , Zhou Zhen , Wang Fen , Mao Lingjie , Li Hao , Wu Caixia , Wang Junfeng , Huang Yueyue , Li Dequan , Wang Cong , Pan Jingye 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Acute lung injury (ALI), which is induced by numerous pathogenic factors, especially sepsis, can generate alveolar damage, pulmonary edema and vascular hyper-permeability ultimately leading to severe hypoxemia. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) is an important member of the FGF family associated with endothelial cell migration and proliferation, and injury repairment. Here, we conducted this study aiming to evaluate the therapeutic effect of FGF2 in sepsis-induced ALI.

Methods
Recombinant FGF2 was abdominally injected into septic mice induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and then the inflammatory factors of lung tissue, vascular permeability and lung injury-related indicators based on protein levels and gene expression were detected. In vitro, human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC) and mouse peritoneal macrophages (PMs) were challenged by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with or without FGF2 administration in different groups, and then changes in inflammation indicators and cell permeability ability were tested.

Results
The results revealed that FGF2 treatment reduced inflammation response, attenuated pulmonary capillary leakage, alleviated lung injury and improved survival in septic mice. The endothelial injury and macrophages inflammation induced by LPS were inhibited by FGF2 administration via AKT/P38/NF-κB signaling pathways.

Conclusion
These findings indicated a therapeutic role of FGF2 in ALI through ameliorating capillary leakage and inflammation.
Polyaniline Nanoskein: Synthetic Method, Characterization, and Redox Sensing
Authors: Hong Yoochan , Kim Hyun Soo , Lee Taeha , Lee Gyudo , Kwon Ohwon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolyaniline nanoskein (PANS), which have polyaniline nanofibers, was developed. PANS was formulated via sequential extracting, heating, and swelling processes. The compositions of PANS have been analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, and the results of which indicate that PANS is composed of solely organic materials. Moreover, PANS has been shown convertible absorbance characteristics according to surrounding acidic environments, and using these characteristics, the possibility of PANS for sensing of surrounding redox state changes is presented.
Association of anemia with mobility capacity in older adults: a Korean nationwide population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Son Ki Young , Shin Dong Wook , Lee Ji Eun , Kim Sang Hyuck , Yun Jae Moon , Cho Belong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Over 10% of adults aged ≥65 years have anemia, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). As the timed up and go (TUG) test is one of the most widely used tests of mobility, this study investigated whether anemia was associated with mobility capacity assessed using the TUG test in older adults.

Methods
Subjects belonging to the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort of the National Health Information Database were reviewed. Subjects were included if they had completed the TUG test as part of the National Screening Program for Transitional Ages in Korea. An abnormal TUG test result was defined as a time of ≥10 s and anemia was defined according to the WHO criteria as a hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of < 13.0 g/dL in men and < 12.0 g/dL in women. The association between anemia and TUG test results was evaluated using four multiple logistic regression models with different levels of adjustment. Stratified analysis according to risk factors was performed.

Results
The 81,473 subjects included 41,063 (50.4%) women and 40,410 (49.6%) men. Mean TUG time was 8.44 ± 3.08 s, and abnormal TUG test results were observed in 22,138 (27.2%) subjects. Mean Hb concentration was 13.72 ± 1.41 g/dL, and 10,237 (12.6%) subjects had anemia. U-shaped associations between Hb concentration and TUG test results were observed in both sexes. Subjects with anemia were 19% more likely to have abnormal TUG test results, according to the fully adjusted model (adjusted odds ratio: 1.192, 95% confidence interval: 1.137–1.247). Similar results were observed for both sexes. Stratified analysis showed that subjects with anemia were more likely to have abnormal TUG test results regardless of risk factors.

Conclusions
Individuals with anemia are more likely to have abnormal TUG test results, regardless of risk factors, than individuals without anemia. U-shaped relationships between Hb concentrations and TUG test results were observed in both sexes, although the optimal Hb concentration differed between men and women.
Association between micronutrients and maternal leukocyte telomere length in early pregnancy in Rwanda
Authors: Nsereko Etienne , Uwase Aline , Muvunyi Claude Mambo , Rulisa Stephen , Ntirushwa David , Moreland Patricia , Corwin Elizabeth J. , Santos Nicole , Lin Jue , Chen Jyu-Lin , Nzayirambaho Manasse , Wojcicki Janet M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundExposure to environmental stressors can lead to shorter leukocyte telomere length and increase the risk of chronic diseases. Preservation of leukocyte telomere length by reducing oxidative stress exposure and reinforcing immunity may be a mechanism by which nutritional factors delay or prevent chronic disease development.MethodsHealthy pregnant women (aged 18–45 years) at 9–15 weeks of gestation living in Gasabo District, Kigali, Rwanda, were recruited from 10 health centers for a prospective, longitudinal study from September to October 2017 to determine possible associations between nutrition health, infectious disease and leukocyte telomere length. Anthropometric and laboratory measurements were performed using standard procedures; sociodemographic parameters and health histories were assessed via surveys, and leukocyte telomere length was assessed using quantitative PCR expressed as the ratio of a telomeric product to a single-copy gene product (T/S).ResultsMean gestational age of participants (n = 297) at enrollment was 13.04 ± 3.50 weeks, age was 28.16 ± 6.10 years and leukocyte telomere length was 1.16 ± 0.22 (T/S). Younger age; no schooling vs. primary schooling; and lower levels of ferritin, soluble transferrin receptors and retinol-binding protein were independent predictors of longer telomere length in multivariable models.ConclusionsLeukocyte telomere length is an indicator of biological aging in pregnant Rwandan women. Maternal micronutrient status, specifically lower ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor levels, and retinol-binding protein levels were associated with longer maternal telomere length in contrast with some studies from North America and Europe. There were no associations between inflammation and infectious disease status and maternal leukocyte telomere length. Further studies are needed to enhance our understanding of the interplay between maternal nutritional status and infectious disease in relation to leukocyte telomere length in developing countries.
Prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors among patients with tuberculosis attending public health institutions in Gede’o zone, South Ethiopia
Authors: Yohannes Kalkidan , Mokona Hirbaye , Abebe Lulu , Feyisso Mohammed , Tesfaye Adane , Tesfaw Getachew , Ayano Getinet 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Depression is a common mental disorder among patients with tuberculosis and it is associated with a greater risk of suicide, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and poor quality of life. Evidence suggests the early identification of depression among patients with tuberculosis is important to decrease adverse outcomes. However, there are limited studies that examined the prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms among patients with tuberculosis. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among patients with tuberculosis attending public health institutions in Gede’o zone, South Ethiopia.

Methods
An institution-based a cross-sectional study was conducted from November 1 to December 30, 2018, among a randomly selected sample of 415 patients with tuberculosis attending public health institutions in Gede’o zone, South Ethiopia. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Logistic regression was used to identify the potential risk factors of depressive symptoms. The strength of the association was presented by crude odds and adjusted odds ratio with their corresponding 95% CI. Finally, the statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
The prevalence of depressive symptoms was found to be 45.5% (95% CI; 41.1–50.1%) among patients with tuberculosis; 33.3% had moderate, 9.8% had moderately severe, and 2.4% had severe depression. After adjusting for the possible confounders, being on re-treatment for tuberculosis (AOR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.17–5.22), aged ≥45 years (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.09–5.32), having poor social support (AOR = 4.21, 95% CI: 2.10–8.47), and Tuberculosis/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (TB/HIV) co-infection) (AOR = 3.96, 95% CI 2.0, 7.84) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms among patients with TB.

Conclusions
This study suggests that a substantial percentage of patients with TB had depressive symptoms (45.5%). TB/HIV coinfection, being on re-treatment for tuberculosis, those having poor social support, patients aged 45 and above were factors associated with depressive symptoms. Routine screening of depression among patients with TB is warranted. Moreover, patients with TB falling into the risk categories should be more carefully monitored for depression and when possible referred to mental health professionals.
Prospective cohort study on the social determinants of health: Tehran University of Medical Sciences employees` cohort (TEC) study protocol
Authors: Nedjat Saharnaz , Mehrdad Ramin , Yunesian Masud , Pouragha Hamidreza , Biagi Vali , Monazzam-Esmaeelpour Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
In this study, the association between the social determinants of health (SDH) as well as other health risk factors and outcomes will be evaluated at different socioeconomic layers.

Methods/design
This is a prospective cohort study that was launched in January 2018 on Tehran University of Medical Sciences’ employees. The initial enrolment phase will continue up to March 2021, or until a sample size of 5500 is reached. In addition to annual phone-calls, the participants will be followed thrice at 5-year intervals. Data are collected through blood and urine samples, complete physical examination, anthropometric evaluation, and the completion of questionnaires related to SDH, such as socioeconomic status and social capital, history of diseases, lifestyle (including, nutrition, physical activity, cigarette and hookah smoking), occupational exposures (including psychosocial factors at work and work-family conflicts), and different aspects of physical, mental and occupational health as health outcomes. The association between independent variables and health (objective or subjective) are examined using multiple models and by controlling the confounding effects. Moreover, the trend in lifestyle changes and its impact on health are evaluated.

Discussion
Our study will explore the key social determinants as well as other factors including socioeconomic status and social capital, history of diseases, lifestyle and occupational exposures that affect health. This will provide social and occupational health decision-makers and stakeholders with new and valuable evidence in an era in which we are witnessing huge changes in lifestyle.
Level of and associated factors for non-adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment among tuberculosis patients in Gamo Gofa zone, southern Ethiopia: cross-sectional study
Authors: Ajema Dessalegn , Shibru Tamiru , Endalew Temesgen , Gebeyehu Selamawit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundNon-adherence to anti-TB treatment is one of the crucial challenges in improving tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. The poor adherence to anti-TB treatment among patients with TB is a major problem in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the level of and associated factors for non-adherence to anti-TB therapy among patients with tuberculosis in the Gamo Gofa Zone.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Gamo Gofa Zone from July 20 – August 30, 2017. A multi-stage sampling technique was used. The study included 289 patients who were on anti-TB treatment. Data were collected by trained data collectors using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire through interviews. A multiple logistic regression model was fitted using SPSS 23 to identify factors associated with non-adherence to anti-TB treatment at a 5% significance level.ResultsWe found that 16.5% of the participants were non-adherent for anti-TB treatment. Failure to disclose one’s TB status to his or her family (AOR = 31.7; 95% CI: 9.1–111.1), having no information on the expected adverse events (AOR = 31.1; 95% CI: 7.5–128.3), past anti-TB treatment history (AOR = 5.3; 95% CI: 1.5–18.8) and a smoking cigarette (AOR = 11.7; 95% CI: 3.2–43.03) were found to be associated with a higher odds of being non-adherent to anti-TB treatment.ConclusionsThe level of non-adherence to anti-TB treatment among TB patients was high. Health care providers should counsel TB patients on the expected adverse events and measures to be taken when patients face the expected adverse events. They should also counsel their patients to disclose their TB status to his or her family and for ceasing cigarette smoking.
Sero-epidemiological evaluation of malaria transmission in The Gambia before and after mass drug administration
Authors: Wu Lindsey , Mwesigwa Julia , Affara Muna , Bah Mamadou , Correa Simon , Hall Tom , Singh Susheel K. , Beeson James G. , Tetteh Kevin K. A. , Kleinschmidt Immo , D’Alessandro Umberto , Drakeley Chris 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
As The Gambia aims to achieve malaria elimination by 2030, serological assays are a useful surveillance tool to monitor trends in malaria incidence and evaluate community-based interventions.

Methods
Within a mass drug administration (MDA) study in The Gambia, where reduced malaria infection and clinical disease were observed after the intervention, a serological sub-study was conducted in four study villages. Spatio-temporal variation in transmission was measured with a panel of recombinant Pf antigens on a multiplexed bead-based assay. Village-level antibody levels were quantified as under-15 sero-prevalence, sero-conversion rates, and age-adjusted antibody acquisition rates. Antibody levels prior to MDA were assessed for association with persistent malaria infection after community chemoprophylaxis.

Results
Seasonal changes in antibodies to Etramp5.Ag1 were observed in children under 15 years in two transmission settings—the West Coast and Upper River Regions (4.32% and 31.30% Pf prevalence, respectively). At the end of the malaria season, short-lived antibody responses to Etramp5.Ag1, GEXP18, HSP40.Ag1, EBA175 RIII-V, and Rh2.2030 were lower amongst 1–15 year olds in the West Coast compared to the Upper River, reflecting known differences in transmission. Prior to MDA, individuals in the top 50th percentile of antibody levels had two-fold higher odds of clinical malaria during the transmission season, consistent with previous findings from the Malaria Transmission Dynamics Study, where individuals infected before the implementation of MDA had two-fold higher odds of re-infection post-MDA.

Conclusions
Serological markers can serve dual functions as indicators of malaria exposure and incidence. By monitoring age-specific sero-prevalence, the magnitude of age-stratified antibody levels, or identifying groups of individuals with above-average antibody responses, these antigens have the potential to complement conventional malaria surveillance tools. Further studies, particularly cluster randomised trials, can help establish standardised serological protocols to reliably measure transmission across endemic settings.