bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pacific variability reconciles observed and modelled global mean temperature increase since 1950
Authors: Stolpe Martin B. , Cowtan Kevin , Medhaug Iselin , Knutti Reto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlobal mean temperature change simulated by climate models deviates from the observed temperature increase during decadal-scale periods in the past. In particular, warming during the ‘global warming hiatus’ in the early twenty-first century appears overestimated in CMIP5 and CMIP6 multi-model means. We examine the role of equatorial Pacific variability in these divergences since 1950 by comparing 18 studies that quantify the Pacific contribution to the ‘hiatus’ and earlier periods and by investigating the reasons for differing results. During the ‘global warming hiatus’ from 1992 to 2012, the estimated contributions differ by a factor of five, with multiple linear regression approaches generally indicating a smaller contribution of Pacific variability to global temperature than climate model experiments where the simulated tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) or wind stress anomalies are nudged towards observations. These so-called pacemaker experiments suggest that the ‘hiatus’ is fully explained and possibly over-explained by Pacific variability. Most of the spread across the studies can be attributed to two factors: neglecting the forced signal in tropical Pacific SST, which is often the case in multiple regression studies but not in pacemaker experiments, underestimates the Pacific contribution to global temperature change by a factor of two during the ‘hiatus’; the sensitivity with which the global temperature responds to Pacific variability varies by a factor of two between models on a decadal time scale, questioning the robustness of single model pacemaker experiments. Once we have accounted for these factors, the CMIP5 mean warming adjusted for Pacific variability reproduces the observed annual global mean temperature closely, with a correlation coefficient of 0.985 from 1950 to 2018. The CMIP6 ensemble performs less favourably but improves if the models with the highest transient climate response are omitted from the ensemble mean.
Experimental and clinical studies on radiation and curcumin in human glioma
Authors: Sminia Peter , van den Berg Jaap , van Kootwijk Arthur , Hageman Eline , Slotman Ben J. , Verbakel Wilko F. A. R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
There is progressing evidence for the anti-cancer potential of the natural compound and dietary spice curcumin. Curcumin has been ascribed to be cytotoxic for various tumour cell types, to inhibit cell proliferation and to interfere with the cellular oxidant status. The compound has been notified as a therapeutic agent with radiosensitizing potential in brain tumour therapy. We considered the rationale to combine curcumin with radiation in the treatment of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

Method
Determination of clonogenic cell survival following exposure of U251 human glioma cells to single dose (1–6 Gy) and fractionated irradiation (5 daily fractions of 2 Gy) without and with curcumin. Additional literature search focused on the interaction between curcumin and radiotherapy in experimental and clinical studies on human glioma.

Results
No interaction was found on the survival of U251 human glioma cells after irradiation in combination with curcumin at clinically achievable concentrations. Experimental in vitro and in vivo data together with clinical bioavailability data from the literature do not give evidence for a radiosensitizing effect of curcumin. Reported GBM intratumoural curcumin concentrations are too low to either exert an own cytotoxic effect or to synergistically interact with radiation. Novel approaches are being explored to increase the bioavailability of curcumin and to facilitate transport over the blood–brain barrier, aimed to reach therapeutic curcumin levels at the tumour site.

Conclusion
There is neither a biological nor clinical rationale for using curcumin as radiosensitizer in the therapy of GBM patients.
Estimation of the distribution of the total net radiative flux from satellite and automatic weather station data in the Upper Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Tegegne Eyale Bayable , Ma Yaoming , Chen Xuelong , Ma Weiqiang , Wang Bingbing , Ding Zhangwei , Zhu Zhikun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNet radiation is an important factor in studies of land–atmosphere processes, water resource management, and global climate change. This is particularly true for the Upper Blue Nile (UBN) basin, where significant parts of the basin are dry and evapotranspiration (ET) is a major mechanism for water loss. However, net radiation has not yet been appropriately parameterized in the basin. In this study, we estimated the instantaneous distribution of the net radiation flux in the basin using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor onboard the Terra satellite and Automatic Weather Station (AWS) data. Downward shortwave radiation and air temperature usually vary with topography, so we applied residual kriging spatial interpolation techniques to convert AWS data for point locations into gridded surface data. Simulated net radiation outputs were validated through comparison with independent field measurements. Validation results show that our method successfully reproduced the downward shortwave, upward shortwave, and net radiation fluxes. Using AWS data and residual kriging spatial interpolation techniques makes our results robust and comparable to previous works that used satellite data at a finer spatial resolution than MODIS. The estimated net shortwave, longwave, and total radiation fluxes were in close agreement with ground truth measurements, with mean bias (MB) values of − 14.84, 5.7, and 20.53 W m−2and root mean square error (RMSE) values 83.43, 32.54, and 78.07 W m−2, respectively. The method presented here has potential applications in research focused on energy balance,ETestimation, and weather prediction for regions with similar physiographic features to those of the Nile basin.
Analyzing history-related posts in twitter
Authors: Sumikawa Yasunobu , Jatowt Adam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicroblogging platforms such as Twitter have been increasingly used nowadays to share information between users. They are also convenient means for propagating content related to history. Hence, from the research viewpoint they can offer opportunities to analyze the way in which users refer to the past, and how as well when such references appear and what purposes they serve. Such study could allow to quantify the interest degree and the mechanisms behind content dissemination. We report the results of a large scale exploratory analysis of history-oriented posts in microblogs based on a 28-month-long snapshot of Twitter data. The results can increase our understanding of the characteristics of history-focused content sharing in Twitter. They can also be used for guiding the design of content recommendation systems as well as time-aware search applications.
Earth Observation for agricultural drought monitoring in the Pannonian Basin (southeastern Europe): current state and future directions
Authors: Crocetti Laura , Forkel Matthias , Fischer Milan , Jurečka František , Grlj Aleš , Salentinig Andreas , Trnka Miroslav , Anderson Martha , Ng Wai-Tim , Kokalj Žiga , Bucur Andreea , Dorigo Wouter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Pannonian Basin in southeastern Europe is heavily used for rain-fed agriculture. The region experienced several droughts in the last years, causing major yield losses. Ongoing climate change, characterised by increasing temperatures and potential evapotranspiration, and by changes in precipitation distribution will likely increase the frequency and intensity of drought episodes in the future. Hence, ongoing monitoring of droughts and estimation of their impact on agriculture is necessary to adapt agricultural practices to changing weather and climate extremes. Several regional initiatives, projects and online tools have been established to facilitate drought monitoring and management in the Pannonian Basin. However, reliable systems to forecast potential drought impacts on plant productivity and agricultural yields at monthly to seasonal scales are only in their infancy, as plant response to climatic extremes is still poorly understood. With the increasing availability of high-resolution and long-term Earth Observation (EO) data and recent progress in machine learning and artificial intelligence, further improvements in drought monitoring and impact prediction capacities are expected. Here we review the current state of drought monitoring in the Pannonian Basin, identify EO-based variables to potentially improve regional drought impact monitoring and outline future perspectives for seasonal forecasts of drought impacts on agriculture.
Towards mandatory Green Public Procurement (GPP) requirements under the EU Green Deal: reconsidering the role of public procurement as an environmental policy tool
Authors: Pouikli Kleoniki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyze the inclusion of Green Public Procurement (GPP) requirements in the EU public procurement regime. The debate about moving towards greener public purchasing has been fueled afresh in the wake of the EU Green Deal, which highlights the significance of a public procurement regime in pursuing the existing environmental policy goals at EU level. This is also reflected in other key EU policy documents, such as the Circular Economy Package, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well as the climate change legislation implementing the Paris Agreement. In this context, this paper aspires to map the intersections between the public spending decisions of contracting authorities and their discretion in inserting environmental considerations through the lens of increasing compliance with the adopted environmental targets.
Controlling Corruption in Development Aid: New Evidence from Contract-Level Data
Authors: Dávid-Barrett Elizabeth , Fazekas Mihály , Hellmann Olli , Márk Lili , McCorley Ciara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFollowing scandals about corruption in foreign aid, and in a political climate that increasingly questions the legitimacy of development assistance, donors are under pressure to better control how their funds are spent. However, there is little evidence on precisely how to control corruption in development aid. This article assesses under which conditions donor regulations are successful in controlling corruption in aid spent by national governments through procurement tenders. The article analyses data on donor-funded procurement contracts in 100+ countries in 1998–2008 and uses ‘single bid submitted in a competitive tender’ as a corruption risk indicator. Applying a contract-level propensity score matching and regression analysis, it finds that an intervention which increases donor oversight and widens access to tenders is effective in reducing corruption risks: lowering single bidding on competitive markets by 3.6–4.3 percentage points. This effect is greater in countries with low-state capacity.
Specialist recommendation for chemoprevention medications in patients at familial risk of breast cancer: a cross-sectional survey in England
Authors: Lee Siang Ing , Curtis Helen , Qureshi Sadaf , Dutton Brittany , Qureshi Nadeem 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn England, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline for familial breast cancer recommends chemoprevention for women at high and moderate familial risk of breast cancer. However, prescribing of chemoprevention has not improved since the introduction of the guideline in 2013. The study aims to identify the current practice, in England, of familial cancer specialists offering chemoprevention and recommending prescribing in primary care. This was an anonymized national cross-sectional survey of familial breast cancer risk services in England. Lead clinicians were sent an online survey link. The survey questions included whether chemoprevention was offered/considered for high- and moderate-risk women, when chemoprevention prescribing and recommendation to primary care started, medications prescribed, age groups considered for chemoprevention, and existence of a shared prescribing protocol with primary care. The survey was sent to 115 hospital services; responses from 50 services (43%) were included in the analysis. Of the 40 services offering chemoprevention for high-risk women, 15 (38%) did not prescribe but 31 (78%) recommended prescribing to primary care. Of the 31 services considering chemoprevention for moderate risk, eight (26%) did not prescribe with 26 (84%) recommended prescribing to primary care. Only three services reported having a shared protocol with primary care. Within 3 years of the guidelines, many services recognized the role of chemoprevention for both high and moderate risk with a key role for primary care to initiate prescribing. However, there is still room for improvement.
Utilization of Swertia chirayita Plant Extracts for Management of Diabetes and Associated Disorders: Present Status, Future Prospects and Limitations
Authors: Dey Pinaki , Singh Joginder , Suluvoy Jagadish Kumar , Dilip Kevin Joseph , Nayak Jayato 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is referred as common metabolic abnormalities characterized as hyperglycemia, mainly caused due to insufficient production of insulin at cellular level or/and defects in insulin action. Such an endocrine disorder is responsible for serious health problems and its worldwide prevalence is rapidly increasing. Common management of diabetes by oral administration of drugs without creating any side effects is still considered a challenging task and increasing cost of conventional medicine in developing countries is another matter of concern. To address these issues, traditional preparations of herbal plant extracts in the form of medicines already gained immense attention. Swertia chirayita is one among such plants which is known for its hypoglycemic potential. Numerous chemical constituents with promising pharmacological properties have been identified from such plant extracts but still, such compounds have not been well characterized, specifically against human application. Hence, more research efforts are necessitated to understand exact mechanism of such compounds and to develop overall safety of such plant formulations. Present review clearly represents antidiabetic properties of Swertia chirayita extract, strategies to be taken to strengthen its safety application on humans and biotechnological interventions that ensure conservation of such endangered species to promote its future application in modern medicine.

Graphic Abstract
Jugend und Alkohol
Authors: Skala Katrin 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Artikel wird auf die Rolle von Alkohol in unserer Gesellschaft sowie auf dessen Bedeutung für Jugendliche eingegangen. Spezifika der Wechselwirkung von Alkohol und dem adoleszenten Gehirn werden erläutert und die epidemiologische Entwicklung des Alkoholkonsums bei österreichischen Minderjährigen beschrieben. Es werden darüber hinaus relevanteRisiken für problematische Konsummuster und mögliche Wege zur Prävention erörtert.
Advanced Anode Materials of Potassium Ion Batteries: from Zero Dimension to Three Dimensions
Authors: Zheng Jiefeng , Wu Yuanji , Sun Yingjuan , Rong Jianhua , Li Hongyan , Niu Li 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPotassium ion batteries (PIBs) with the prominent advantages of sufficient reserves and economical cost are attractive candidates of new rechargeable batteries for large-grid electrochemical energy storage systems (EESs). However, there are still some obstacles like large size of K+ to commercial PIBs applications. Therefore, rational structural design based on appropriate materials is essential to obtain practical PIBs anode with K+ accommodated and fast diffused. Nanostructural design has been considered as one of the effective strategies to solve these issues owing to unique physicochemical properties. Accordingly, quite a few recent anode materials with different dimensions in PIBs have been reported, mainly involving in carbon materials, metal-based chalcogenides (MCs), metal-based oxides (MOs), and alloying materials. Among these anodes, nanostructural carbon materials with shorter ionic transfer path are beneficial for decreasing the resistances of transportation. Besides, MCs, MOs, and alloying materials with nanostructures can effectively alleviate their stress changes. Herein, these materials are classified into 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D. Particularly, the relationship between different dimensional structures and the corresponding electrochemical performances has been outlined. Meanwhile, some strategies are proposed to deal with the current disadvantages. Hope that the readers are enlightened from this review to carry out further experiments better.
Completely multiplicative functions with sum zero over generalised prime systems
Authors: Neamah Ammar Ali 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCMO functions multiplicative functions f for which $$\sum _{n=1}^\infty f(n) =0$$

∑

n
=
1

∞

f

(
n
)

=
0

. Such functions were first defined and studied by Kahane and Saïas [14]. We generalised these to Beurling prime systems with the aim to investigate the theory of the extended functions and we shall call them $$CMO_{\mathcal {P}}$$

C
M

O
P

functions. We give some properties and find examples of $$CMO_{\mathcal {P}}$$

C
M

O
P

functions. In particular, we explore how quickly the partial sum of these classes of functions tends to zero with different generalised prime systems. The findings of this paper may suggest that for all $$CMO_{\mathcal {P}}$$

C
M

O
P

functions f over $$\mathcal{{N}}$$
N
with abscissa 1, we have $$\begin{aligned} \sum _{\tiny \begin{array}{c} n \le x \\ n\in \mathcal {N} \end{array}} f(n) = \Omega \Big (\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} \Big ). \end{aligned}$$

∑

n
≤
x

n
∈
N

f

(
n
)

=
Ω

(

1

x

)

.
Sozialpolitik als Problemarbeit an Menschen und an Institutionen
Authors: Turba Hannu 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der Soziologie sozialer Probleme ist Sozialpolitik seit jeher ein wichtiger Aspekt, wird aber nur selten explizit in den Mittelpunkt gestellt. Der Beitrag verdeutlicht die Relevanz von Sozialpolitik sowie ihrer organisationalen und professionellen Bezugspunkte (Wohlfahrtspflege, soziale Dienstleistungsberufe) im Kontext der Soziologie sozialer Probleme und nimmt eine Einordnung im Rahmen unterschiedlicher institutioneller Logiken vor. Mit Blick auf das Wechselspiel von Definitions- und Bearbeitungsprozessen ‚von unten‘ und deren Strukturierung ‚von oben‘ werden mikrofundierte Perspektiven des soziologischen Neo-Institutionalismus und damit verwandte Ansätze als Bezugspunkte der Soziologie sozialer Probleme konturiert. Sozialpolitik wird dabei gleichermaßen als Arbeit an Menschen sowie als Arbeit an Institutionen begriffen. Es folgen kompakte Betrachtungen ausgewählter Politikfelder – Kinderschutz und Arbeitsverwaltung – aus Sicht der entfalteten Systematik sowie ein Fazit mit Perspektiven für die Forschung und Theorieentwicklung an der Schnittstelle zwischen der Soziologie sozialer Probleme und der Soziologie der Sozialpolitik.
Investigating the Potential of a Newly Developed UAV-based VNIR/SWIR Imaging System for Forage Mass Monitoring
Authors: Jenal Alexander , Lussem Ulrike , Bolten Andreas , Gnyp Martin Leon , Schellberg Jürgen , Jasper Jörg , Bongartz Jens , Bareth Georg 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRemote sensing systems based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are well suited for airborne monitoring of small to medium-sized farmland in agricultural applications. An imaging system is often used in the form of a multispectral multi-camera system to derive well-established vegetation indices (VIs) efficiently. This study investigates the potential of such a multi-camera system with a novel approach to extend spectral sensitivity from visible-to-near-infrared (VNIR) to short-wave infrared (SWIR) (400–1700 nm) for estimating forage mass from an aerial carrier platform. The system test was performed in a grassland fertilizer trial in Germany near Cologne in late July 2019. Within 37 min, a spectral response in four different wavelength bands in the NIR and SWIR range was acquired during two consecutive flights. Spectral image data were calibrated to reflectance using two different methods. The resulting reflectance data sets were processed to orthomosaics for each wavelength band. From these orthomosaics for both calibration methods, the four-band NIR/SWIR GnyLi VI and the two-band NIR/SWIR Normalized Ratio Index (NRI), were calculated. During both UAV flights, spectral ground truth data were recorded with a spectroradiometer on 12 plots in total for validation of camera-based spectral data. The camera and spectroradiometer data sets were directly compared in resulting reflectance and further analyzed with simple linear regression (SLR) models to predict dry matter (DM) yield. In the camera-based SLRs, the NRI performed best with $$R^2$$

R
2

of 0.73 and 0.75 (RMSE: 0.18 and 0.17) before the GnyLi with $$R^{2}$$

R
2

of 0.71 and 0.73 (RMSE: 0.19 and 0.18). These results clearly indicate the potential of the camera system for applications in forage mass monitoring.
90 Minuten Mathematikunterricht bei gleichbleibender Unterrichtsqualität? – Analysen zur zeitlichen Stabilität und Generalisierbarkeit von Ratings zur Unterrichtsqualität im 2. Schuljahr
Authors: Gabriel-Busse Katrin , Lipowsky Frank 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungStudien für die Sekundarstufe zeigen, dass nicht zwangsläufig von der Qualität einer beobachteten Stunde einer Lehrperson auf die Qualität einer anderen Stunde geschlossen werden kann. Anhand sogenannter Generalisierbarkeitsstudien (G-Studien) konnte vor allem für die kognitive Aktivierung aufgezeigt werden, dass die Ausprägungen zwischen den einzelnen Unterrichtsstunden einer Lehrperson (bei gleicher Klasse) stark variieren (hoher stundenspezifischer Varianzanteil) und somit situationale bzw. kontextuelle Einflussfaktoren eine größere Rolle spielen als bislang angenommen, mit der Konsequenz, dass deutlich mehr Stunden für eine hinreichend zuverlässige Beobachtung der kognitiven Aktivierung notwendig sind. Für die Grundschule mangelt es bislang an entsprechenden Studien zur Analyse der zeitlichen Stabilität und Generalisierbarkeit der Unterrichtsqualität bzw. es werden lediglich Korrelationskoeffizienten als Hinweis zur Stabilität der Ausprägungen der einzelnen Basisdimensionen berichtet. Solche Korrelationskoeffizienten können jedoch nicht im Sinne einer zeitlichen Stabilität der Unterrichtsqualitätsmerkmale interpretiert werden, da sie mit anderen Faktoren konfundiert sind. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird aus diesem Grund für die drei Basisdimensionen der Unterrichtsqualität untersucht, inwieweit sich die Unterrichtsqualität in einer Doppelstunde zur „Einführung in die Multiplikation“ (2. Schuljahr) in Abhängigkeit von dem Beobachtungszeitpunkt (1. Stunde vs. 2. Stunde einer 90-minütigen Unterrichtseinheit) unterscheidet. Grundlage bilden Videoaufzeichnungen von 36 Lehrpersonen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen – ähnlich wie für die Sekundarstufe – Unterschiede in der zeitlichen Stabilität je nach untersuchtem Unterrichtsqualitätsmerkmal. Im Unterschied zu den Ergebnissen aus der Sekundarstufe weist vor allem die Klassenführung eine höhere Variation in den Ausprägungen zwischen den zwei Teilstunden einer Lehrperson auf. Die Ergebnisse der explorativen D‑Studien legen nahe, dass für eine hinreichend reliable Erfassung der Klassenführung sowie der kognitiven Aktivierung in der Grundschule mindestens drei und für das Unterrichtsklima zwei Unterrichtsstunden einer Lehrperson benötigt werden.