bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Row Spacing and Weed Management Practices on the Performance of Aerobic Rice
Authors: Ali M. , Farooq H.M.U. , Sattar S. , Farooq T. , Bashir I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Direct-seeded rice alternative to transplanted rice system is less labor intensive, easier to plant, and consume less water. The advantages of direct-seeded rice have been proved by many research workers, but yet it is not very much adapted by farmers. Weeds reduce cost effectiveness of direct-seeded rice. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different row spacing and weed management practices on the performance of aerobic rice at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during summer season of 2013. Fine rice variety ‘Super Basmati’ was used for experiment in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangements with three replications. Hand drill sowing with row spacing comprised 15 cm, 22.5 cm, and 30 cm was practiced. Weed scouting hoeing (hand pulling is weed free treatment for comparison with the others and hoeing is a type of mechanical weeding) and pre-emergence herbicide, followed by post-emergence herbicide, were the weed management practices. Weeds data and rice yield parameters were measured. Maximum reduction in weed density (86%) and weed dry weight (79%) was recorded for pre-emergence, followed by for post-emergence herbicide in crop sown at 15 cm row spacing.
Experimental load test statistics for the selected IPS tools on low-performance IoT devices
Authors: Zitta Tomas , Lucki Michal , Vojtech Lukas , Neruda Marek , Mejzrova Lenka 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to propose a testing procedure for selected intrusion prevention systems (IPS) in a realistic network traffic in terms of their suitability on a given hardware microcomputers for low-performance devices for internet of things (IoT). We perform an IPS research in terms of resource usage in order to establish a universal procedure of checking, whether a given microcomputer controlling IoT devices (often in overloaded state) can additionally burden the installation and start-up of IPS. The experiment is repeated on several boards under overload condition to determine the maximum data rate, above which transmission degrades. The presented testing method is an exemplary tool for IoT applications concerning the security of embedded devices with low performance.
STEM education supported by virtual laboratory incorporated in self-directed learning process
Authors: Trúchly Peter , Medvecký Martin , Podhradský Pavol , Mawas Nour El 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Students education in various fields (such as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) is constantly looking for ways and techniques on how to motivate students to learn, how to increase their engagement and how to increase the e ciency of knowledge acquisition. Information and communication technologies are developing at a very rapid speed and o er many new opportunities that could be used for such purposes. This paper focuses on virtual laboratory technologies that could be very helpful for these learning problems especially for subjects that lose the interest of young people. We have conducted two pilots at a Slovak secondary school and university to analyse the usability of self-directed learning applied to teach networking topics such as software-defined networking and network functions virtualisation. This learning approach was enhanced by a developed virtual lab and a set of self-tests. Knowledge tests and questionnaires have been used to investigate the impact of this self-directed virtual lab-based learning approach on students motivation to learn, feelings, satisfaction with learning approach and knowledge gain. The results showed that students appreciated the virtual laboratory for improving learning and their motivation to learn and their knowledge acquisition was noticeably improved when the virtual lab was included.
Proinflammatory cytokine changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells isolated from pigs infected solely with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus or co-infected with swine influenza virus
Authors: Czyżewska-Dors Ewelina , Pomorska-Mól Małgorzata , Dors Arkadiusz , Pluta Aneta , Podgórska Katarzyna , Kwit Krzysztof , Stasiak Ewelina , Łukomska Anna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The study evaluated the patterns of local innate immune response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) alone or co-infected with swine influenza virus (SIV).

Material and Methods
The study was performed on 26 seven-week-old pigs in three groups: PRRSV-infected (n = 11), PRRSV and SIV-infected (n = 11), and control (n = 4). BALF was collected post euthanasia at 2 and 4 dpi (three piglets per inoculated group) and at 21 dpi (all remaining pigs). Expression of IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 mRNA was quantified in BALF cells. PRRSV RNA was quantified in BALF samples using a commercial real-time RT-PCR kit.

Results
The three cytokines IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β presented significant expression changes in all experimental pigs. In PRRSV-infected animals IL-8 also did, but in co-infected subjects IL-6 and IL-10 were the additional upregulated cytokines. The highest number of differentially expressed genes was observed at 4 dpi, and significant differences in cytokine gene expression did not occur between the experimental groups at any other time point. The mean PRRSV load in the BALF of PRRSV-infected pigs was higher than that of co-infected pigs at each time point, having statistical significance only at 4 dpi.

Conclusion
The results of the study indicate that infection with PRRSV alone as well as with SIV interferes with innate and adaptive immune response in the infected host. They also showed that co-infection demonstrates additive effects on IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA expression levels.
An experimental study of branching flow in open channels
Authors: Sayed Tarek 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Branching channel flow describes any side water withdrawals from rivers or main channels. Branching channels have widespread application in many practical projects, such as irrigation and drainage network systems, water and waste-water treatment plants, and many water resources projects. Therefore, in this research, a comprehensive analysis of laboratory data has been carried out to discover the best angle of branching. The study also aims to introduce simple, practical equations to help engineers of water resources to fix the percentage of discharge diverted to the branch channel. The study was carried out in the Irrigation and hydraulics laboratory of the civil department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University. The laboratory channel consisted of two parts, the main channel, and a branch channel. The main channel was 8.0 m in length, 20 cm wide, and 20 cm in depth. The division corner to the branch channel was sharp edged and located 5.0 m downstream of the main channel inlet. The branch channel was 3.0 m long, 20 cm in depth and its width was changed three times (10, 15, and 20 cm) respectively. A total of 84 runs were carried out. Investigations of the flow into the branching channel show that the branching discharge depends on many interlinked parameters. It increases with a decrease of the main channel flow velocity and the Froude number upstream of the branch channel junction. It also increases with an increase in the Yb
/ Yu
ratio. In subcritical flow, water depth in the branch channel is always lower than the main channel water depth. The flow diversion to the branch channel leads to a decrease in water depth downstream of the main channel. In addition, the study showed that the highest discharge rate was obtained when the angle of branching was equal to 45° and then an angle of 60o. While the lowest discharge rate was obtained at an angle of 90°. Furthermore, at Br
= 1.0, using a branching angle equal to 45° the discharge ratio (Qr
) increases from about 4.42 to 19.01%, more than that obtained with using the branching angle equal 90°, while the discharge ratio (Qr
) increases from about 0.52 to 49.18% and 1.51 to 24.79%, at Br
= 0.75, and Br
= 0.5 respectively.
Motivation for Participation in Sports Based on Athletes in Team and Individual Sports
Authors: Moradi Jalil , Bahrami Alireza , Dana Amir 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
There are many reasons why individuals are motivated to participate in sports. For athletes to participate in and keep up exercise, investigating the participation motivation of athletes is necessary. The aim of this study was to compare sport participation motivation of athletes in team and individual disciplines. The sample consisted of 265 athletes including four teams from football, volleyball, basketball, and handball and two individual disciplines of kung fu and taekwondo which were randomly selected. The 30-item sports participation motivation questionnaire (PMQ) was used. Analysis of data was conducted by the use of independent-samples t-test. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the sports participation motivation of athletes in a team and individual sports as well as between male and female athletes. But, among the components of the sports participation motivation, only the aspect of achievement in a team and individual sports and the aspect of finding friendship in male and female athletes existed, no other significant difference was observed. The results of this study show that sports discipline and the athlete’s gender is effective in motivating athletes’ continuation and commitment to a physical activity.
Contribution of Foreign Languages to Building the Professional Career of the Land Forces Academy Cadets
Authors: Niculescu Brânduşa-Oana , Obilişteanu Georgeta , Dragomir Isabela Anda 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The new requirements regarding the professionalization of the Romanian armed forces derived from our country’s becoming a NATO and EU member state. The challenges of the 21st century battlefield demand the development not only of certain soldierly skills, but also of the abilities to properly function in a multicultural context. The cadets of the military academies are the future officers that will operate in the international theatres of operations. Being engaged in multinational formations and having to work side by side with foreign military personnel, our cadets need to have a good command of the English language, as well as to acquire and develop the intercultural skills necessary to appropriately function in a multicultural environment. Thus, a shift in the curricula of the Romanian military academies has been made, from an emphasis on the transmission of knowledge content to a focus on relating language to the target culture and developing cadets’ linguistic and intercultural competences. This paper suggests some methods and techniques that have proven efficient when teaching basic military English in the Land Forces Academy.
Study on the Opportunities and Limitations of How to use the Information Provided by Financial Accountancy
Authors: Ciuhureanu Alina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Any management decision changes, to a greater or lesser extent, its assets, liabilities, equity, expenses, income or result with financial and decision-making implications. In order to quantify decisional effects and establish strategies, an important role is played by financial accounting that encompasses all activities through which to record, quantify, process, analyse and communicate user-specific information on which to make optimal decisions to achieve the objectives set under performance conditions. Starting from these considerations, this paper highlights, through the study of the specialized literature, the possibilities of capitalizing on the information provided by the financial accounting, but also identifies the limitations that appear in this process. It also highlights how accounting information is found in the organization’s functions. The selective research was conducted on a sample of 301 companies and has as main objective the analysis of the opportunity to provide information through financial accounting.
The Main Evolution References of Copyright in Antiquity and the Modern Era
Authors: Sfârlog Tudor-Vlad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present study integrates into the complex scientific approach of investigating the legal protection of the rights that result from the intellectual creation in the Romanian objective law. In this regard, it analyzes the main evolutionary benchmarks of the protection of intellectual creation from ancient times to the modern era, aiming to highlight the elements of social nature that were the basis of the emergence and development of copyright. At the same time, the scientific approach addresses the issue of the emergence of copyright by combining, through the method of multi-disciplinary scientific research, the legal, social and historical sciences. In the accomplishment of the present scientific approach we used the following scientific research methods: the historical method, the logical method, the deductive-inductive method and the comparative method.
Short note: Development of a new set of SNP markers to measure genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of Mongolian oak (Quercus mon­golica Fisch. ex Ledeb.) in the Far East of Russia
Authors: Schröder Hilke , Yanbaev Yulai , Kersten Birgit , Degen Bernd 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We developed a new set of 25 nuclear (nc), 12 chloroplast (cp) and 7 mitochondrial (mt) SNPs and used it to genotype 371 Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb.) trees from seven locations in a 200 km by 400 km area in the Russian Far East. One of the locations in an area of 15 km by 25 km east of the city Ussuriusk was analyzed more intensively with 188 collected trees. The genetic differentiation at the nuclear SNPs was small to moderate and for the plastid SNPs it was high when considering all trees from the seven locations. The gene pool distances between locations were for 19 out of 21 pairs statistically highly significant. There was no correlation of genetic and spatial distances. Only three different multilocus-haplotypes could be identified and 42 two-loci-combinations of plastid SNPs could be used to identify them. Conclusions for the practical application such as timber tracking and gene conservation are discussed.
The Influence of Tourists’ Motivation on Intention to Revisit at The Traditional Village of Prai Ijing, Waikabubak, West Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Fila Hidayana Fransiska , Suryawardani I Gusti Ayu Oka , Wiranatha Agung Suryawan 
Published: October 2019

Push and pull factor as motivation for travelling are the components that influence tourist perception about tourist attraction related to the level of tourist satisfaction. Motivation also able to encourage tourist to revisit. Prai Ijing Traditional Village is one of the tourist attractions and cultural sites which is located in Waikabubak, West Sumba, NTT. It has unique culture, strategic location, therefore visited by many visitors. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect between motivation, tourist satisfaction and intention to revisit the village. The research method, the population of this research are domestic and foreign tourists visiting the Prai Ijing Traditional Village. The samples of this research is 100 visitors as the respondent, by using accidental sampling. The data were analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS software version 3.0 and qualitative descriptive analysis to describe the characteristics of respondents, interpretate the results of SEM analysis, and reveal the result of research hypothesis test. The results showed that push and pull factors had significant effect on tourist satisfaction. Tourist satisfaction had significant effect on the intention to revisit. The push and pull factors did not had significant effect on the intention to revisit. Pull factors had significant effect than push factors on tourist satisfaction. Therefore, the pull factors need to be maintained and improved in order to be able to provide optimal satisfaction. The management and local communities are expected to increase the diversity of attraction and tourist activities, provide unique and innovative cultural tourism products, and maintain local wisdom and cultural assets as the main attention for tourists to visit the Prai Ijing Traditional Village
Keywords: tourist motivation, satisfaction, revisit intention, SEM
DESIGN A 2x2 COMPACT MODE SWITCHING USING MULTIMODE INTERFERENCE BASED ON SILICON MATERIAL
Authors: Ho Linh Duc Tam 
Published: October 2019

We propose a new design of a 2x2 optical chip for switching optical modes based on silicon material. Input lights at fundamental mode of transverse electric (TE) polarization can be selected at the output by appropriately controlling a 180-degree butterfly-shaped phase shifter. The proposed device consists of two multimode interference waveguides MMI and a phase shifter packed in a compact size of 4.2μm x 0.22μm x 110.4μm. We use 3D-BPM numerical simulation method to evaluate optical conversion efficiency of device. The result shows that insertion loss is always less than 1.5dB and crosstalk is always below -30dB in a wavelength range from 1.5 to 1.6 . Moreover, we continue to evaluate the proposed device on the system with signal’s bitrate of 35Gbps, the bit error rate is always less than 10-10 in the whole bandwidth of 100nm.
POLA BAGI HASIL TANGKAPAN IKAN NELAYAN PANCING di CISOLOK
Authors: Silmi Amita Nucifera Nida , Wiyono Eko Sri , Wisudo Sugeng Hari 
Published: October 2019

Pendapatan nelayan adalah salah satu ukuran dalam menentukan taraf kehidupan nelayan. Pendapatan nelayan umumnya diperoleh dari sistem bagi hasil operasi penangkapan ikan. Untuk mengatur sistem bagi hasil itu, Pemerintah membuat dan menerapkan UU Sistem Bagi Hasil No 16 tahun 1964. Penelitian dilakukan di PPI Cisolok untuk alat tangkap pancing ulur guna mengetahui sistem bagi hasil beserta kendala yang terjadi di lapangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data diambil secara purposive sampling. Berdasarkan hasil observasi diperoleh bahwa usaha penangkapan ikan dengan pancing di Cisolok didominasi oleh nelayan dengan kapal relatif kecil, hasil rata-rata pendapatan kapal per bulan adalah Rp. 37.713.333 (musim banyak ikan) dan Rp. 13.199.666 (musim paceklik). Sistem bagi hasil untuk kapal pancing di Pelabuhanratu adalah 60% untuk pemilik kapal dan 40% untuk nelayan dari hasil bersih. Rataan pendapatan nelayan berada di atas UMK Kabupaten Sukabumi. Hampir semua peraturan tentang sistem bagi hasil sudah dilaksanakan tetapi nelayan masih dalam kondisi miskin.Kata kunci: Bagi hasil, Cisolok, pancing.
STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN TANGKAP DI KAWASAN KONSERVASI PERAIRAN DAERAH (KKPD) LINGGA DI KABUPATEN LINGGA
Authors: Kamargo Gogo , Simbolon Domu , . Mustaruddin 
Published: October 2019

Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Daerah Lingga telah ditetapkan berdasarkan Surat Keputusan (SK) Bupati Kabupaten Lingga dengan No.280/KPTS/X/2014 seluas kurang lebih 385. 467,5 Ha, diberi nama KKPD Datok Bandar.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menyusun strategi Pengelolaan Perikanan tangkap di KKPD Lingga. Rekomendasi strategi pengelolaan Perikanan tangkap ; 1) Peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat pesisir terhadap kelestarian lingkungannya. 2) Optimalisasi produktivitas perikanan tangkap skala kecil melalui peningkatan kwalitas SDM nelayan. 3) Penegakkan hukum secara tegas dan peningkatan sistem pengawasan pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan berbasis masyarakat, termasuk peningkatan kwalitas SDM pengawas. 4) Pengembangan infrastruktur perikanan tangkap, termasuk sistem logistik penyediaan BBM. 5) Peningkatan kerjasama usaha penangkapan ikan melalui program kemitraan, untuk menjamin keberlanjutan biayaya operasional, dan pengembangan investasi usaha. 6) Pengembangan nilai tambah hasil perikanan tangkap untuk mensejahterakan pendapatan nelayan.Kata kunci : Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Daerah (KKPD), KKPD Lingga, Perikanan Tangkap.
MANAJEMEN PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI SD KREATIF KECAMATAN KARANGAN KABUPATEN TRENGGALEK
Authors: Yusmita Eries Norma 
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter di SD Kreatif kecamatan Karangan kabupaten Trenggalek. Pendekatan yang yang digunakan penelitian ini pendekatan kualitatif dan Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada kasus perencanaan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi, dan hambatan pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter di SD Kreatif. Pendidikan karakter yang direncanakan dan diterapkan oleh SD Kreatif ada 3, yaitu pendidikan karakter kedisiplinan, kejujuran, dan religius. Pendidikan karakter yang diterapkan di SD Kreatif tidak hanya dilaksanakan dalam proses pembelajaran, melainkan juga dilaksanakan diluar proses pembelajaran. Pendidik tidak hanya meminta peserta didiknya untuk melatih dan menanamkan pendidikan karakter dalam dirinya. Pendidik juga memberi contoh perilaku yang sesuai dengan pendidikan karakter yang telah direncanakan dan diterapkan pada SD Kreatif.
Pengaruh Reward terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa Kelas IV di SDN 1 Karangan
Authors: Fadlilah Itsnaini , Laili Alik Musfidal 
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to find out whether there is influence of reward toward motivation and mathemathic cognitive test result of the 4th grade student in 1st Karangan elementary school. The method of this study was quantitative. The types of study was quasi eksperimental with design of study was nonequivalent control group design. Population of this study was 4th grade student. Sample was selected using saturated sampling. Data collection technique used questionnaire and test. The data analysis technique used MANOVA test. MANOVA test output show that signivicance of Pillai’s Trace, Wilks’ Lambda, Hotelling’s Trace, dan Roy’s Largest Root was 0,00. The conclusion was there is influence of reward as an effort to increase motivation and cognitive test result for student 4th grade of Elementary School 1 Karangan