bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing physician responsiveness to nurse-initiated communication: a qualitative study
Authors: Manojlovich Milisa , Harrod Molly , Hofer Timothy , Lafferty Megan , McBratnie Michaella , Krein Sarah L 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundHow quickly physicians respond to communications from bedside nurses is important for the delivery of safe inpatient care. Delays in physician responsiveness can impede care or contribute to patient harm. Understanding contributory factors to physician responsiveness can provide insights to promote timely physician response, possibly improving communication to ensure safe patient care. The purpose of this study was to describe the factors contributing to physician responsiveness to text or numeric pages, telephone calls and face-to-face messages delivered by nurses on adult general care units.MethodsUsing a qualitative design, we collected data through observation, shadowing, interviews and focus groups of bedside registered nurses and physicians who worked in four hospitals in the Midwest USA. We analysed the data using inductive content analysis.ResultsA total of 155 physicians and nurses participated. Eighty-six nurses and 32 physicians participated in focus groups or individual interviews; we shadowed 37 physicians and nurses across all sites. Two major inter-related themes emerged, message and non-message related factors. Message-related factors included the medium nurses used to convey messages, physician preference for notification via one communication medium over another and the clarity of the message, all of which could cause confusion and thus a delayed response. Non-message related factors included trust and interpersonal relationships, and different perspectives between nurses and physicians on the same clinical issue that affected perceptions of urgency, and contributed to delays in responsiveness.ConclusionsPhysician responsiveness to communications from bedside nurses depends on a complex combination of factors related to the message itself and non-message related factors. How quickly physicians respond is a multifactorial phenomenon, and strategies to promote a timely response within the context of a given situation must be directed to both groups.
Computed tomography-based triage of extensive baseline infarction: ASPECTS and collaterals versus perfusion imaging for outcome prediction
Authors: McDonough Rosalie , Elsayed Sarah , Faizy Tobias Djamsched , Austein Friederike , Sporns Peter B , Meyer Lukas , Bechstein Matthias , van Horn Noel , Nawka Marie Teresa , Schön Gerhard , Kniep Helge , Hanning Uta , Fiehler Jens , Heit Jeremy J , Broocks Gabriel 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundPatients presenting with large baseline infarctions are often excluded from mechanical thrombectomy (MT) due to uncertainty surrounding its effect on outcome. We hypothesized that computed tomography perfusion (CTP)-based selection may be predictive of functional outcome in low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) patients.MethodsThis was a double-center, retrospective analysis of patients presenting with ASPECTS≤5 who received multimodal admission CT imaging between May 2015 and June 2020. The predicted ischemic core (pCore) was defined as a reduction in cerebral blood flow (rCBF), while mismatch volume was defined using time to maximum (Tmax). The pCore perfusion mismatch ratio (CPMR) was also calculated. These parameters (pCore, mismatch volume, and CPMR), as well as a combined radiological score consisting of ASPECTS and collateral status (ASCO score), were tested in logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. The primary outcome was favorable modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge (≤3).ResultsA total of 113 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median ischemic core volume was 74.1 mL (IQR 43.8–121.8). The ASCO score was associated with favorable outcome at discharge (aOR 3.7, 95% CI 1.8 to 10.7, P=0.002), while no association was observed for the CTP parameters. A model including the ASCO score also had significantly higher area under the curve (AUC) values compared with the CTP-based model (0.88 vs 0.64, P=0.018).ConclusionsThe ASCO score was superior to the CTP-based model for the prediction of good functional outcome and could represent a quick, practical, and easily implemented method for the selection of low ASPECTS patients most likely benefit from MT.
Long-term survival in patients who had CABG with or without prior coronary artery stenting
Authors: Rai Pratik , Taylor Rebecca , Bittar Mohamad Nidal 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo conduct a large-scale, single-centre retrospective cohort study to understand the impact of prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on long-term survival of patients who then undergo coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).MethodsBetween 1999 and 2017, a total of 11 332 patients underwent CABG at a hospital in the UK. The patients were stratified into those who received PCI (n=1090) or no PCI (n=10 242) prior to CABG. A total of 1058 patients from each group were matched using propensity score matching. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to assess risk-adjusted survival in patients with prior PCI. Cox proportional hazards (CoxPH) model was then used to assess the effect of prior PCI and other variables in patients undergoing CABG.ResultsThe immediate postoperative outcome showed no difference in number of grafts per patients, blood transfusion, hospital stay or 30 days mortality between the groups. There was no significant difference in 5 years (90.8% vs 87.9), 10-year (76.5% vs 74.6%) and 15-year (64.4% vs 64.7%) survival between the non-PCI versus PCI groups. The Cox proportional hazards model further supports the null hypothesis as the PCI variable was found to be non-significant (CoxPH=1.03, p=0.75, CI=0.87–1.22) implying there was no difference in hazard of death for CABG patients with or without previous PCI. However, the model did yield information on the covariates that do affect the hazard of death.ConclusionThere is no difference in 5-year, 10-year and 15-year survival between patients undergoing CABG with or without prior PCI. However, certain patient, preoperative and intraoperative risk factors were identified with high hazard of death which needs to be investigated further.
Catheter ablation and mortality, stroke and heart failure readmission with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Pallisgaard Jannik Langtved , Lock Hansen Morten , Schjerning Anne-Marie , Johannessen Arne , Gerds Thomas Alexander , Gustafsson Finn , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar , Torp-Pedersen Chriatian , Jacobsen Peter Karl , Kristensen Søren Lund , Koeber Lars , Munch Anders , Schou Morten 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundRecent randomised clinical trials have suggested prognostic benefits of catheter ablation in highly selected patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF).ObjectivesThis study sought to identify the treatment effect associated with catheter ablation in a broad population of patients with AF and HF.MethodsThrough nationwide administrative registers in Denmark, we estimated the 2-year average treatment effect (ATE) of catheter ablation for AF on a composite endpoint of HF readmission, stroke and all-cause mortality at 1-year and 5-year landmark analyses. The primary cohort was patients with AF before HF, and the second cohort of patients with HF before AF.ResultsA total of 13 756 patients were included with 9904 patients in the primary cohort, and 3852 in the secondary. An ATE (95% CI) reduction of the composite endpoint of 7.0% (4.5% to 9.5%) was observed in the primary cohort and 11.8% (6.0% to 17.6%) in the secondary in the 1-year landmark analysis with a reduction in all-cause mortality of 5.8% (3.7%–7.8%) and 6.3% (0.9%–11.7%), respectively. At the 5-year landmark, catheter ablation was associated with reductions in the composite endpoint and all-cause mortality in the primary (4.7% (2.3% to 7.2%), and 3.6% (1.0% to 6.3%), respectively), but not in the secondary cohort.ConclusionsAblation was associated with decreased risk of HF readmission, stroke and all-cause mortality in patients with AF and HF. The effect is most substantial in patients with AF before HF and with catheter ablation after 1 year from the diagnosis of both conditions.
Torsion-induced gravitational $$\theta $$ term and gravitoelectromagnetism
Authors: Chatzistavrakidis Athanasios , Karagiannis Georgios , Schupp Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMotivated by the analogy between a weak field expansion of general relativity and Maxwell’s laws of electrodynamics, we explore physical consequences of a parity violating $$\theta $$
θ
term in gravitoelectromagnetism. This is distinct from the common gravitational $$\theta $$
θ
term formed as a square of the Riemann tensor. Instead it appears as a product of the gravitoelectric and gravitomagnetic fields in the Lagrangian, similar to the Maxwellian $$\theta $$
θ
term. We show that this sector can arise from a quadratic torsion term in nonlinear gravity. In analogy to the physics of topological insulators, the torsion-induced $$\theta $$
θ
parameter can lead to excess mass density at the interface of regions where $$\theta $$
θ
varies and consequently it generates a correction to Newton’s law of gravity. We discuss also an analogue of the Witten effect for gravitational dyons.
Dynamic Study of SIQR-B Fractional-Order Epidemic Model of Cholera with Optimal Control Strategies in Mayo-Tsanaga Department of Cameroon Far North Region
Authors: Nguiwa Tchule , Justin Mibaile , Moussa Djaouda , Betchewe Gambo , Mohamadou Alidou 
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we investigated the dynamical behavior of a fractional-order model of the cholera epidemic in Mayo-Tsanaga Department. We extended the model of Lemos-Paião et al. [A. P. Lemos-Paião, C. J. Silva and D. F. M. Torres, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 16, 427 (2016)] by incorporating the contact rate [Formula: see text] by handling cholera death and optimal control strategies such as vaccination [Formula: see text], water sanitation [Formula: see text]. We provide a theoretical study of the model. We derive the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] which determines the extinction and the persistence of the infection. We show that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable whenever [Formula: see text], while when [Formula: see text], the disease-free equilibrium is unstable and there exists a unique endemic equilibrium point which is locally asymptotically stable on a positively invariant region of the positive orthant. Using the sensitivity analysis, we find that the parameter related to vaccination and therapeutic treatment is more influencing the model. Theoretical results are supported by numerical simulations, which further suggest use of vaccination in endemic area. In case of a lack of necessary funding to fight again cholera, Figure 6 revealed that efforts should focus to keep contamination rate [Formula: see text] (susceptible-to-cholera death) in other to die out the disease.
An Autonomous Cognitive Empathy Model Responsive to Users’ Facial Emotion Expressions
Authors: Bagheri Elahe , Esteban Pablo G. , Cao Hoang-Long , Beir Albert De , Lefeber Dirk , Vanderborght Bram 
Published: November 2020

Successful social robot services depend on how robots can interact with users. The effective service can be obtained through smooth, engaged, and humanoid interactions in which robots react properly to a user’s affective state. This article proposes a novel Automatic Cognitive Empathy Model, ACEM, for humanoid robots to achieve longer and more engaged human-robot interactions (HRI) by considering humans’ emotions and replying to them appropriately. The proposed model continuously detects the affective states of a user based on facial expressions and generates desired, either parallel or reactive, empathic behaviors that are already adapted to the user’s personality. Users’ affective states are detected using a stacked autoencoder network that is trained and tested on the RAVDESS dataset.
The overall proposed empathic model is verified throughout an experiment, where different emotions are triggered in participants and then empathic behaviors are applied based on proposed hypothesis. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed model in terms of related social and friendship concepts that participants perceived during interaction with the robot.
Oncolytic Reovirus (pelareorep) Induces Autophagy in KRAS-mutated Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jiffry Jeeshan , Thavornwatanayong Thongthai , Rao Devika , Fogel Elisha J. , Saytoo Durvanand , Nahata Rishika , Guzik Hillary , Chaudhary Imran , Augustine Titto , Goel Sanjay , Maitra Radhashree 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
To explore the effects of pelareorep on autophagy in multiple models of colorectal cancer, including patient-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Experimental Design:
HCT116 [KRAS mutant (mut)] and Hke3 [KRAS wild-type (WT)] cells were treated with pelareorep (multiplicity of infection, 5) and harvested at 6 and 9 hours. LC3 A/B expression was determined by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry; five autophagic proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. The expression of 88 autophagy genes was determined by qRT-PCR. Syngeneic mouse models, CT26/Balb-C (KRAS mut) and MC38/C57B6 (KRAS WT), were developed and treated with pelareorep (10 × 106 plaque-forming unit/day) intraperitoneally. Protein and RNA were extracted from harvested tumor tissues. PBMCs from five experimental and three control patients were sampled at 0 (pre) and 48 hours, and on days 8 and 15. The gene expression normalized to “pre” was determined using 2−ΔΔCt method.

Results:
Pelareorep induced significant upregulation of LC3 A/B in HCT116 as compared with Hke3 cells by immunofluorescence (3.24 × and 8.67 ×), flow cytometry (2.37 × and 2.58 ×), and autophagosome formation (2.02 × and 1.57 ×), at 6 and 9 hours, respectively; all P &lt; 0.05. Western blot analysis showed an increase in LC3 A/B (2.38 × and 6.82 ×) and Beclin1 (1.17 × and 1.24 ×) at 6 and 9 hours, ATG5 (2.4 ×) and P-62 (1.52 ×) at 6 hours, and VPS-34 (1.39 ×) at 9 hours (all P &lt; 0.05). Induction of 13 transcripts in cell lines (&gt;4 ×; 6 and 9 hours; P &lt; 0.05), 12 transcripts in CT26 (qRT-PCR), and 14 transcripts in human PBMCs (P &lt; 0.05) was observed. LC3 A/B, RICTOR, and RASD1 expression was upregulated in all three model systems.

Conclusions:
Pelareorep hijacks host autophagic machinery in KRAS-mut conditions to augment its propagation and preferential oncolysis of the cancer cells.
Circulating Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule‐1 and Incident Heart Failure: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Patel Ravi B. , Colangelo Laura A. , Bielinski Suzette J. , Larson Nicholas B. , Ding Jingzhong , Allen Norrina B. , Michos Erin D. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Serum levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) are reflective of endothelial activation. Although VCAM‐1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the prospective association of VCAM‐1 with development of clinically overt heart failure (HF) across ejection fraction categories is unclear.

Methods and Results

In MESA (the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), we evaluated the association of VCAM‐1 at examination 2 (2002–2004) with incident HF (HFpEF and HF with reduced ejection fraction) after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Incident HF was independently adjudicated as first hospitalization for symptomatic HF. Among 2297 participants (mean age, 63 years; women, 53%), those with higher VCAM‐1 were more likely to be White race, had higher blood pressure, and had lower kidney function. Over a median of 14.4 years, there were 102 HF events (HFpEF=65; HF with reduced ejection fraction=37). After covariate adjustment, each doubling of VCAM‐1 was associated with incident HF (hazard ratio [HR], 1.94; 95% CI, 1.17–3.23;
P
=0.01). This association appeared stronger among current/former smokers compared with never smokers. On evaluation of HF subtypes, VCAM‐1 was associated with incident HFpEF (HR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.04–3.72;
P
=0.04) but not with incident HF with reduced ejection fraction, although risk estimates were consistent (HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 0.79–4.21;
P
=0.16).

Conclusions
In a multiethnic cohort, VCAM‐1 was significantly associated with incident HF over long‐term follow‐up. These findings suggest a potential role for endothelial activation in driving clinical HF, and specifically HFpEF. Therapies that decrease endothelial activation may prevent the progression from cardiovascular risk factors to clinical HF.
The Paradox of  Thailand's Success in Controlling COVID-19
Authors: Tangkitvanich Poum 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Thailand has been remarkably successful in containing COVID-19, limiting the number of total cases to only 3,400 and deaths to 59. Since June 2020, Thailand has had only one domestically transmitted case, successfully avoiding a second wave. This paper argues that Thailand's success could be attributed to the high public fear and strict border control at the initial stage, followed by the centralization of leadership, active involvement of health volunteers, the highly cautious phased lockdown lifting, and an effective response to threats of a second wave later. However, Thailand's economy is expected to contract by 8 percent—the largest in Southeast Asia. This appears to be a paradox that could be explained by Thailand's low potential GDP growth rate, high dependence on tourism, and overly strict measures used to contain the virus.
COVID-19:  Malaysia Experience and Key Lessons*
Authors: Khalid Muhammed Abdul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Malaysia has been relatively successful in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, with the number of deaths and infections lower than neighboring countries and many developed economies. This paper will share Malaysia's experience in fighting the pandemic, particularly the key success factors in managing the health impact during the period of January to August 2020. The speedy preparation and planning by the Health Ministry even before the country registered its first case was instrumental in ensuring that the country was ready to face the pandemic. Lessons learned from previous experience with epidemics such as Nipah, SARS, MERS, and H1N1 were also key to the speedy responses. Effective communication helped to ensure the public's support of measures imposed by the government to reduce the spread of the virus. However, while the country managed the health crisis relatively well, the handling of the economy is rather poor, with the economic impact being much worse than what was experienced during the 1997–98 Asian financial crisis, and the 2008–09 global financial crisis. This paper will end with suggestions of several policy interventions to mitigate the economic impact of COVID-19, particularly for vulnerable groups.
The Circulation Response of a Two-Dimensional Frontogenetic Model to Optimized Moisture Perturbations
Authors: Demirdjian Reuben , Rotunno Richard , Cornuelle Bruce D. , Reynolds Carolyn A. , Doyle James D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn analysis of the influence and sensitivity of moisture in an idealized two-dimensional moist semigeostrophic frontogenesis model is presented. A comparison between a dry (relative humidity RH = 0%) version and a moist (RH = 80%) version of the model demonstrates that the impact of moisture is to increase frontogenesis, strengthen the transverse circulation (uag, w), generate a low-level potential-vorticity anomaly, and develop a low-level jet. The idealized model is compared with a real case simulated with the full-physics three-dimensional Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) model, establishing good agreement and thereby confirming that the idealized model retains the essential physical processes relevant for improving understanding of midlatitude frontogenesis. Optimal perturbations of mixing ratio are calculated to quantify the circulation response of the model through the computation of singular vectors, which determines the fastest-growing modes of a linearized version of the idealized model. The vertical velocity is found to respond strongly to initial-condition mixing-ratio perturbations such that small changes in moisture lead to large changes in the ascent. The progression of physical processes responsible for this nonlinear growth is (in order) jet/front transverse circulation → moisture convergence ahead of the front → latent heating at mid- to low elevations → reduction in static stability ahead of the front → strengthening of the transverse circulation, and the feedback cycle repeats. Together, these physical processes represent a pathway by which small perturbations of moisture can have a strong impact on a forecast involving midlatitude frontogenesis.
The Niño-3.4 Prediction Skill of Empirically Adjusted Wind Power
Authors: Kodama Keri , Burls Natalie J. , Trenary Laurie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWind power, defined as the energy received by the ocean from wind, has been identified as a potentially viable precursor of ENSO. The correlation between tropical Pacific wind power anomalies and eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies can be enhanced over a range of lead times by applying an empirical adjusted framework that accounts for both the underlying climatological state upon which a wind power perturbation acts and the directionality of wind anomalies. Linear regression is used to assess the seasonal prediction skill of adjusted wind power in comparison to unadjusted, as well as the conventional ENSO predictors wind stress and warm water volume. The forecast skill of each regression model is evaluated in a 1800-yr preindustrial climate simulation (CESM-LENS), as well as 23 years of observations. The simulation results show that each predictor’s effectiveness varies considerably with the sample record, providing a measure of the uncertainty involved in evaluating prediction skill based on the short observational record. The influence of climatological biases is however a demonstrable concern for results from the simulated climate system. Despite the short record, the observational analysis indicates that adjusted wind power skill is comparable to the conventional dynamical predictors and notably is significantly more predictable than unadjusted wind power when initialized in the summer. Moreover, the adjusted framework results in a reduction of error when evaluating wind power associated with wind bursts, reinforcing previous findings that the adjusted framework is particularly useful for capturing the ENSO response to westerly wind bursts.