bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endovascular Treatment of Tiny Aneurysms With Low-Profile Visualized Intraluminal Support Devices Using a “Compressed” Stent Technique
Authors: Zhou Yangyang , Peng Qichen , Wu Xinzhi , Zhang Yisen , Liu Jian , Yang Xinjian , Mu Shiqing 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of low-profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) stent-assisted coiling of intracranial tiny aneurysms using a “compressed” stent technique.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with tiny aneurysms treated in our hospital with LVIS devices using a compressed stent technique. We analyzed patients' imaging outcomes, clinical outcomes, and complications.Results: Forty-two tiny aneurysms in 42 patients were included in this study cohort; 8 patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage at admission. The immediate postoperative complete embolization rate was 76.2% (32/42). After an average of 8.5 months of imaging follow-up, the complete embolization rate was 90.5% (38/42), and no aneurysm recanalization occurred. After an average of 24.4 months of clinical follow-up, 95.2% (40/42) of the patients achieved favorable clinical outcomes (modified Rankin scale = 0/1). Operation-related complications occurred in two patients (4.8%); one intraoperative acute thrombosis, and one significant unilateral decreased vision during the postoperative follow-up.Conclusion: LVIS stent-assisted coiling of intracranial tiny aneurysms using a compressed stent technique is safe and effective. Combined stent compression technology is beneficial to maximize the complete embolization of aneurysms and reduce aneurysm recanalization. This study expands the clinical applicability of LVIS stents.
N2b Reflects the Cognitive Changes in Executive Functioning After Concussion: A Scoping Review
Authors: Krokhine Sophie N. , Ewers Nathalee P. , Mangold Kiersten I. , Boshra Rober , Lin Chia-Yu A. , Connolly John F. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: The N2b is an event-related potential (ERP) component thought to index higher-order executive function. While the impact of concussion on executive functioning is frequently discussed in the literature, limited research has been done on the role of N2b in evaluating executive functioning in patients with concussion. The aims of this review are to consolidate an understanding of the cognitive functions reflected by the N2b and to account for discrepancies in literature findings regarding the N2b and concussion.Methods: A scoping review was conducted on studies that used the N2b to measure cognitive functioning in healthy control populations, as well as in people with concussions.Results: Sixty-six articles that met inclusion criteria demonstrated that the N2b effectively represents stimulus-response conflict management, response selection, and response inhibition. However, the 19 included articles investigating head injury (using terms such as concussion, mild head injury, and mild traumatic brain injury) found widely varied results: some studies found the amplitude of the N2b to be increased in the concussion group, while others found it to be decreased or unchanged.Conclusion: Based on the available evidence, differences in the amplitude of the N2b have been linked to response selection, conflict, and inhibition deficits in concussion. However, due to large variations in methodology across studies, findings about the directionality of this effect remain inconclusive. The results of this review suggest that future research should be conducted with greater standardization and consistency.
Prognostic and Predictive Value of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Pathological Prognostic Staging System in Nodal Micrometastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Shi Jian , Lian Chen-Lu , Chi Feng , Zhou Ping , Lei Jian , Hua Li , Wang Jun , He Zhen-Yu , Wu San-Gang 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionTo investigate the prognostic and predictive effect of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition pathological prognostic staging system in patients with T1-2N1micM0 breast cancer who underwent mastectomy.MethodsData from T1-2N1micM0 breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy from 2010–2014 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. The chi-square test, binomial logistics regression, receiver-operating characteristics curve, competing-risk regression model, Cox proportional hazards regression model, and proportional hazard assumption were used for statistical analyses.ResultsWe identified 4,729 patients, including 1,062 patients were received postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT). Stage change occurred in 88.2% of the patients, of which 84.4% were downstaged and 3.7% were upstaged. Patients with higher pathological prognostic stages were independently predicted to receive PMRT. The 5-year breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) was 97.5, 93.7, 90.1, 86.0, and 73.5% in disease stages IA, IB, IIA, IIB, and IIIA, respectively, according to the 8th edition criteria (P &lt; 0.001). The AJCC 8th edition demonstrated moderate discriminative ability, and it had a significantly better ability to predict the BCSS than the AJCC 7th edition criteria (P &lt; 0.001). The multivariate prognostic analysis showed that the new pathological prognostic staging was an independent prognostic factor affecting the BCSS. The BCSS worsened with an increase in the stage. The PMRT did not affect the BCSS regardless of the pathological prognostic stage. Similar trends were found using the competing-risks regression model.ConclusionsThe 8th AJCC breast cancer pathological prognostic staging system downstaged 84.4% of patients with T1-2N1micM0 disease and the survival outcome prediction with this staging system was more accurate than the AJCC 7th edition system. Our study does not support using the prognostic stage as a guideline to escalate of PMRT.
Radiotherapy Plus Chemotherapy Is Associated With Improved Survival Compared to Radiotherapy Alone in Patients With Primary Vaginal Carcinoma: A Retrospective SEER Study
Authors: Zhou Wei-li , Yue Yang-yang 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe efficacy of radiotherapy plus chemotherapy (RTCT) versus radiotherapy alone (RT) in the treatment of primary vaginal carcinoma has been controversial. We aimed to evaluate the up-to-date efficacy of RTCT on primary vaginal carcinoma in a real-world cohort.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis in patients with primary vaginal carcinoma retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database from 2004 to 2016. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were plotted and compared by the log-rank test. Inverse probability weighting (IPW)-adjusted multivariate Cox proportional hazards and Fine-Gray competing-risk model was applied.ResultsOf the 1,813 qualified patients with primary vaginal carcinoma from 2004 to 2016, 1,137 underwent RTCT and 676 underwent RT. The median survival time was 34 months for the RT group and 63 months for the RTCT group. RTCT was significantly associated with improved overall survival (unadjusted HR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.62–0.82, p &lt; 0.001; adjusted HR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.63–0.84, p &lt; 0.001) and cancer-specific survival (unadjusted sHR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.69–0.95, p = 0.012; adjusted sHR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.69–0.96, p = 0.016). Age, histological type, tumor size, surgery, and FIGO stage were all independent prognostic factors for survival (p &lt; 0.05 for all). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that RTCT was significantly associated with better survival in most subgroups, except for those with adenocarcinoma, tumor size &lt;2 cm, or FIGO stage I. Moreover, sensitivity analysis did not alter the beneficial effects of RTCT.ConclusionRTCT is significantly correlated with prolonged survival in patients with primary vaginal carcinoma. RTCT should be applied to most patients with primary vaginal carcinoma instead of RT alone, except for those with adenocarcinoma, tumor size &lt;2 cm, or FIGO stage I.
Radiomics Approach for Prediction of Recurrence in Non-Functioning Pituitary Macroadenomas
Authors: Zhang Yang , Ko Ching-Chung , Chen Jeon-Hor , Chang Kai-Ting , Chen Tai-Yuan , Lim Sher-Wei , Tsui Yu-Kun , Su Min-Ying 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesA subset of non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas (NFPAs) may exhibit early progression/recurrence (P/R) after surgical resection. The purpose of this study was to apply radiomics in predicting P/R in NFPAs.MethodsOnly patients who had undergone preoperative MRI and postoperative MRI follow-ups for more than 1 year were included in this study. From September 2010 to December 2017, 50 eligible patients diagnosed with pathologically confirmed NFPAs were identified. Preoperative coronal T2WI and contrast-enhanced (CE) T1WI imaging were analyzed by computer algorithms. For each imaging sequence, 32 first-order features and 75 texture features were extracted. Support vector machine (SVM) classifier was utilized to evaluate the importance of extracted parameters, and the most significant three parameters were used to build the prediction model. The SVM score was calculated based on the three selected features.ResultsTwenty-eight patients exhibited P/R (28/50, 56%) after surgery. The median follow-up time was 38 months, and the median time to P/R was 20 months. Visual disturbance, hypopituitarism, extrasellar extension, compression of the third ventricle, large tumor height and volume, failed optic chiasmatic decompression, and high SVM score were more frequently encountered in the P/R group (p &lt; 0.05). In multivariate Cox hazards analysis, symptoms of sex hormones, hypopituitarism, and SVM score were high risk factors for P/R (p &lt; 0.05) with hazard ratios of 10.71, 2.68, and 6.88. The three selected radiomics features were T1 surface-to-volume radio, T1 GLCM-informational measure of correlation, and T2 NGTDM-coarseness. The radiomics predictive model shows 25 true positive, 16 true negative, 6 false positive, and 3 false negative cases, with an accuracy of 82% and AUC of 0.78 in differentiating P/R from non-P/R NFPAs. For SVM score, optimal cut-off value of 0.537 and AUC of 0.87 were obtained for differentiation of P/R. Higher SVM scores were associated with shorter progression-free survival (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsOur preliminary results showed that objective and quantitative MR radiomic features can be extracted from NFPAs. Pending more studies and evidence to support the findings, radiomics analysis of preoperative MRI may have the potential to offer valuable information in treatment planning for NFPAs.
Post-infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans: HRCT, DECT, Pulmonary Scintigraphy Images, and Clinical Follow-up in Eight Children
Authors: Chen I-Chen , Hsu Jui-Sheng , Chen Yu-Wen , Liu Yi-Ching , Wu Yen-Hsien , Hsu Jong-Hau , Cheng Yi-Fang , Dai Zen-Kong 
Published: December 2020

Background:Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), first mentioned in 1901, is a severe and rare chronic lung disease in children. BO has various etiologies and the most common in children is post-infectious BO (PIBO). High resolution CT (HRCT) is an often-used image tool for the diagnosis of BO, and pulmonary scintigraphy is an alternative tool that can functionally evaluate BO. Recently, dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) have also been applied to BO for its accuracy and safety. Here we described the characteristics of HRCT, pulmonary scintigraphy, DECT, and the clinical profiles of patients with PIBO.Methods:This is a retrospective and descriptive study. Data were collected from patients diagnosed with PIBO from 2014 to 2019 in the Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Outpatient Clinics of Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. The diagnosis was based on clinical, chest X-ray, and HRCT findings. Clinical profile, radiological characteristics, and images of pulmonary scintigraphy were documented.Results:Eight children (4 boys and 4 girls) were diagnosed with PIBO at a mean age of 25.8 months (range 15 to 41 months). Two of our patients developed pulmonary hypertension. The most common HRCT finding is mosaic pattern, where match ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) defects is a general feature in pulmonary scintigraphy. DECT pulmonary blood vasculature images revealed various degrees of decreased perfusion and is compatible with the decreased perfusion on pulmonary scintigraphy.Conclusion:The therapeutic strategy of PIBO is still lacking of standardization. HRCT and V/Q scans are important image tools in diagnosis and follow-up of BO. DECT may be used in BO patients as it has no additional radiation exposure and add value on functional information of HRCT.
Systematic Review: Study of the Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics in Outpatients and Emergency Departments in the Gulf Region
Authors: Mahmood Rana Kamran , Gillani Syed Wasif , Saeed Muhammad Waqas , Hafeez Muhammad Umar , Gulam Shabaz Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: To study the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in outpatients and emergency departments in the Gulf region. To compare the appropriateness of prescriptions and antibiotics commonly prescribed for respiratory tract infection.Method: The search was limited to the years 2008–2020, and articles had to be in English. Articles were searched from various resources and evaluated using PRISMA. Forty-one articles were selected and screened, and in the end, 17 articles were included in the study. All articles were selected from the gulf region of six countries: UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Yemen, and Bahrain. Only primary literature were included. Inpatient and literature from other countries outside the gulf region were excluded.Result: Penicillins, cephalosporins, and macrolides are highly useful antibiotics for respiratory tract infections. Ceftriaxone IV is recommended in acute respiratory tract infection if therapy with penicillin fails. Most of the antibiotic prescriptions in Gulf countries are inappropriate. Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in the gulf region varies from place to place and reaches a maximum of 80%. Antibiotics may be prescribed with the wrong dosage or frequency and inappropriate guidelines. Penicillins are prescribed at about 50–60%; the most common penicillins prescribed are amoxicillin and co-amoxiclave. Cephalosporins are prescribed at about 30%, and the most common are third-generation. Macrolides are prescribed at about 17–20%, and the most common macrolides are azithromycin and clarithromycin. Fluoroquinolones are prescribed at about 10–12%, of which levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin are more commonly prescribed with metronidazole at 10%.Conclusion: It is suggested that the antibiotic-prescribing pattern in outpatient and emergency departments in the Gulf region are highly inappropriate and need improvement through education, following guidelines, annual vaccination, and stewardship programs; the most prescribed antibiotic is amoxicillin/co-amoxiclave, and the most often encountered infection in outpatients is acute respiratory tract infection.
Disrupted Sense of Agency as a State Marker of First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Large-Scale Follow-Up Study
Authors: Kozáková Eva , Bakštein Eduard , Havlíček Ondřej , Bečev Ondřej , Knytl Pavel , Zaytseva Yuliya , Španiel Filip 
Published: December 2020

Background: Schizophrenia is often characterized by a general disruption of self-processing and self-demarcation. Previous studies have shown that self-monitoring and sense of agency (SoA, i.e., the ability to recognize one's own actions correctly) are altered in schizophrenia patients. However, research findings are inconclusive in regards to how SoA alterations are linked to clinical symptoms and their severity, or cognitive factors.Methods: In a longitudinal study, we examined 161 first-episode schizophrenia patients and 154 controls with a continuous-report SoA task and a control task testing general cognitive/sensorimotor processes. Clinical symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).Results: In comparison to controls, patients performed worse in terms of recognition of self-produced movements even when controlling for confounding factors. Patients' SoA score correlated with the severity of PANSS-derived “Disorganized” symptoms and with a priori defined symptoms related to self-disturbances. In the follow-up, the changes in the two subscales were significantly associated with the change in SoA performance.Conclusion: We corroborated previous findings of altered SoA already in the early stage of schizophrenia. Decreased ability to recognize self-produced actions was associated with the severity of symptoms in two complementary domains: self-disturbances and disorganization. While the involvement of the former might indicate impairment in self-monitoring, the latter suggests the role of higher cognitive processes such as information updating or cognitive flexibility. The SoA alterations in schizophrenia are associated, at least partially, with the intensity of respective symptoms in a state-dependent manner.
Worsening of Preexisting Psychiatric Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gobbi Susanna , Płomecka Martyna Beata , Ashraf Zainab , Radziński Piotr , Neckels Rachael , Lazzeri Samuel , Dedić Alisa , Bakalović Asja , Hrustić Lejla , Skórko Beata , Es haghi Sarvin , Almazidou Kristina , Rodríguez-Pino Luis , Alp A. Beyza , Jabeen Hafsa , Waller Verena , Shibli Dana , Behnam Mehdi A. , Arshad Ahmed Hussain , Barańczuk-Turska Zofia , Haq Zeeshan , Qureshi Salah U. , Jawaid Ali 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To ascertain factors associated with worsening of psychiatric conditions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods: This study anonymously examined 2,734 psychiatric patients worldwide for worsening of their preexisting psychiatric conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. An independent clinical investigation of 318 psychiatric patients from United States was used for verification.Results: Valid responses mainly from 12 featured countries indicated self-reported worsening of psychiatric conditions in two-thirds of the patients assessed that was through their significantly higher scores on scales for general psychological disturbance, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression. Female gender, feeling no control of the situation, reporting dissatisfaction with the response of the state during the COVID-19 pandemic, and reduced interaction with family and friends increased the worsening of preexisting psychiatric conditions, whereas optimism, ability to share concerns with family and friends, and using social media like usual were associated with less worsening. An independent clinical investigation from the United States confirmed worsening of psychiatric conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic based on identification of new symptoms that necessitated clinical interventions such as dose adjustment or starting new medications in more than half of the patients.Conclusions: More than half of the patients are experiencing worsening of their psychiatric conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Automatic Identification of Information Quality Metrics in Health News Stories
Authors: Al-Jefri Majed , Evans Roger , Lee Joon , Ghezzi Pietro 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Many online and printed media publish health news of questionable trustworthiness and it may be difficult for laypersons to determine the information quality of such articles. The purpose of this work was to propose a methodology for the automatic assessment of the quality of health-related news stories using natural language processing and machine learning.Materials and Methods: We used a database from the website HealthNewsReview.org that aims to improve the public dialogue about health care. HealthNewsReview.org developed a set of criteria to critically analyze health care interventions' claims. In this work, we attempt to automate the evaluation process by identifying the indicators of those criteria using natural language processing-based machine learning on a corpus of more than 1,300 news stories. We explored features ranging from simple n-grams to more advanced linguistic features and optimized the feature selection for each task. Additionally, we experimented with the use of pre-trained natural language model BERT.Results: For some criteria, such as mention of costs, benefits, harms, and “disease-mongering,” the evaluation results were promising with an F1 measure reaching 81.94%, while for others the results were less satisfactory due to the dataset size, the need of external knowledge, or the subjectivity in the evaluation process.Conclusion: These used criteria are more challenging than those addressed by previous work, and our aim was to investigate how much more difficult the machine learning task was, and how and why it varied between criteria. For some criteria, the obtained results were promising; however, automated evaluation of the other criteria may not yet replace the manual evaluation process where human experts interpret text senses and make use of external knowledge in their assessment.
Assessment of Controlled Substance Distribution to U.S. Veterinary Teaching Institutions From 2006 to 2019
Authors: Piper Brian J. , McCall Kenneth L. , Kogan Lori R. , Hellyer Peter 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To evaluate the changing pattern of distribution of Schedule II and III opioids, barbiturates, and stimulants to veterinary educational institutions in the United States.Design: Longitudinal study.Sample: Veterinary teaching institutions that use Schedule II and III drugs.Procedures: Distribution of controlled substances to veterinary teaching institutions was obtained from the Drug Enforcement Administration's Automated Reports and Consolidated Orders System (ARCOS) for opioids (e.g., methadone, fentanyl, codeine), barbiturates (pentobarbital, butalbital), and stimulants (amphetamine, methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine) from 2006–2019. Opioids were converted to their morphine milligram equivalents (MME) for evaluation over time.Results: Controlled substance distribution to veterinary schools exhibited dynamic, and agent specific, changes. The total MME for 11 opioids peaked in 2013 and decreased by 17.3% in 2019. Methadone accounted for two-fifths (42.3%) and fentanyl over one-third (35.4%) of the total MME in 2019. Pentobarbital distribution was greatest by weight of all substances studied and peaked in 2011 at 69.4 kg. Stimulants underwent a pronounced decline and were very modest by 2014.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Opioids by total MME in veterinary teaching practice have undergone more modest changes than opioids used with humans. Hydrocodone, codeine and recently fentanyl use have declined while methadone increased. Stimulant distribution decreased to become negligible. Together, this pattern of findings warrant continued monitoring.
Niñez en tránsito migratorio por México. Instrumentos jurídicos y derechos humanos
Authors: Sánchez Gavi José Luis 
Published: December 2020

El propósito del trabajo es presentar el entramado normativo relativo a los menores en contexto de migración y de tránsito por México. Conocer las distintas normas en los diferentes planos de la legislación mexicana siguiendo su orden jerárquico: Constitución Política, Ley de Migración, Reglamento sobre la materia y las legislaciones sobre la niñez en nuestro país. Un segundo propósito y como problema de nuestro texto se refiere al debate que muchos de esos dispositivos generan al observarse distintas situaciones que incluyen en algunos casos contradicciones, el empalme de diferentes instrumentos o bien la ambigüedad en su interpretación y por tanto en su aplicación efectiva.El trabajo se desarrollara en una primera parte a la exposición y desglose del marco normativo sobre niños, niñas y adolescentes y más específicamente a los no acompañados en contexto de migración. Nos referimos básicamente a la niñez centroamericana de denominado Triángulo Norte (Guatemala, Honduras y El Salvador) En un segundo apartado pasaremos al debate exponiendo los cuestionamientos en torno a dicho marco normativo. Así también se consideraran algunas propuestas que puedan coadyuvar a la reflexión y eventualmente a mejorar la normatividad.