bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cretaceous continental margin evolution revealed using quantitative seismic geomorphology, offshore northwest Africa
Authors: Casson Max , Calvès Gérôme , Huuse Mads , Sayers Ben , Redfern Jonathan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe application of high‐resolution seismic geomorphology, integrated with lithological data from the continental margin offshore The Gambia, northwest Africa, documents a complex tectono‐stratigraphic history through the Cretaceous. This reveals the spatial‐temporal evolution of submarine canyons by quantifying the related basin depositional elements and providing an estimate of intra‐ versus extra‐basinal sediment budget. The margin developed from the Jurassic to Aptian as a carbonate escarpment. Followed by, an Albian‐aged wave‐dominated delta system that prograded to the palaeo‐shelf edge. This is the first major delivery of siliciclastic sediment into the basin during the evolution of the continental margin, with increased sediment input linked to exhumation events of the hinterland. Subaqueous channel systems (up to 320 m wide) meandered through the pro‐delta region reaching the palaeo‐shelf edge, where it is postulated they initiated early submarine canyonisation of the margin. The canyonisation was long‐lived (ca. 28 Myr) dissecting the inherited seascape topography. Thirteen submarine canyons can be mapped, associated with a Late Cretaceous‐aged regional composite unconformity (RCU), classified as shelf incised or slope confined. Major knickpoints within the canyons and the sharp inflection point along the margin are controlled by the lithological contrast between carbonate and siliciclastic subcrop lithologies. Analysis of the base‐of‐slope deposits at the terminus of the canyons identifies two end‐member lobe styles, debris‐rich and debris‐poor, reflecting the amount of carbonate detritus eroded and redeposited from the escarpment margin (blocks up to ca. 1 km3). The vast majority of canyon‐derived sediment (97%) in the base‐of‐slope is interpreted as locally derived intra‐basinal material. The average volume of sediment bypassed through shelf‐incised canyons is an order of magnitude higher than the slope‐confined systems. These results document a complex mixed‐margin evolution, with seascape evolution, sedimentation style and volume controlled by shelf‐margin collapse, far‐field tectonic activity and the effects of hinterland rejuvenation of the siliciclastic source.
Role of antithymocyte globulin in patients with hematologic diseases undergoing umbilical cord blood transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Qin Bao‐zhen , Zhang Chao , Zhang Rui , Wang Li 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe role of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) in patients with hematologic diseases undergoing umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) remains controversial. This systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to comprehensively evaluate this issue. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched. Clinical studies reporting the impact of ATG‐ vs non‐ATG‐containing conditioning regimens on transplantation outcomes were identified. Twenty‐five studies were included. ATG significantly prevented grade II‐IV and grade III‐IV acute graft‐vs‐host disease (GVHD) (11 studies, 5020 patients, HR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.42‐0.56, P < .001; 5 studies, 5490 patients, HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.46‐0.80, P < .001) but not chronic GVHD (8 studies, 5952 patients, HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.51‐1.20, P = .266). However, use of ATG was associated with increased transplantation‐related mortality and inferior overall survival (9 studies, 4244 patients, HR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.38‐2.33, P < .001; 8 studies, 5438 patients, HR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.56‐2.46, P < .001). Our study did not recommend routine use of ATG in UCBT. Individualizing the ATG timing and dose based on patient characteristics to retain the prophylactic effects of ATG on GVHD without compromising the survival of UCBT recipients may be reasonable.
A self‐resolving, post‐traumatic aortopulmonary shunt
Authors: Murray Christopher S. G. , Goldberg Ythan , Taub Cynthia C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA 34‐year‐old Hispanic man sustained a stab wound to his chest complicated with hemopericardium and pericardial tamponade. He underwent emergent clamshell thoracotomy as well as repair to the pulmonary artery. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed no evidence of intracardiac shunt. Two months later, a new murmur was noted, with a transthoracic echocardiogram revealing high‐velocity flow between the left coronary sinus and the main pulmonary artery, with which a coronary computed tomography angiogram concurred. A transesophageal echocardiogram was performed which revealed an aortopulmonic fistula from the left coronary sinus of Valsalva, approximately 1cm anterior to the ostium of the left main coronary artery, to the main pulmonary artery just distal to the pulmonic valve. Pulmonary insufficiency was minimal. The main pulmonary artery was dilated, measuring 3.2 cm by coronary computed tomography angiogram. Right ventricular systolic function was normal. Right and left heart catheterizations were performed to further assess hemodynamics and coronary anatomy; pulmonary artery pressures were 16/8 mm Hg. Aortopulmonary fistula was seen on aortogram. Surgery was deferred in view of lack of symptoms and uncertainty in its natural history in the setting of traumatic etiology. A repeat transthoracic echocardiogram at six‐month follow‐up showed spontaneous closure of the fistula.
Larval dispersal of the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, the exotic stemborer Chilo partellus, and indigenous maize stemborers in Africa
Authors: Sokame Bonoukpoè M. , Subramanian Sevgan , Kilalo Dora C. , Juma Gerald , Calatayud Paul‐André 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLarval dispersal either through ballooning or crawling results in a redistribution of the insect population and infestations within and between plants. In addition, invasive species, such as the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and the exotic stemborer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), may displace indigenous stemborers on maize in Africa. To test whether larval dispersal activity may play a role in the displacement of indigenous stemborers, larval dispersal was compared between FAW, C. partellus, and the indigenous species Busseola fusca (Fuller) and Sesamia calamistis (Hampson) (both Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Twenty potted maize plants were infested with one batch of eggs either from stemborers (B. fusca, S. calamistis, or C. partellus) or from FAW and monitored in the greenhouse for ballooning activities. After egg hatching, both ballooning and non‐ballooning larvae were identified according to species and counted. FAW neonate larvae had greater potential for ballooning off than stemborers, irrespective of species. For each species, more females dispersed than males, and their survival rate was higher than that of non‐ballooning larvae. In addition, plant‐to‐plant larval movements were studied using 6.25‐m2 plots of caged maize in a completely randomized design with five replicates. FAW was found to have wider dispersal and plant damage potential than any of the stemborer species. In conclusion, in contrast to C. partellus, the invasive characteristic of FAW can be explained, in part, by its higher larval dispersal activity compared to stemborers. This difference in larval dispersal might also be considered in sampling plans for monitoring pest density in the field.
Factor VIII and IX assays for post‐infusion monitoring in hemophilia patients: Guidelines from the French BIMHO group (GFHT)
Authors: Jeanpierre Emmanuelle , Pouplard Claire , Lasne Dominique , Le Cam Duchez Véronique , Eschwege Valérie , Flaujac Claire , Galinat Hubert , Harzallah Ines , Proulle Valérie , Smahi Motalib , Sobas Frédéric , Stepina Nataliia , Toulon Pierre , Voisin Sophie , Ternisien Catherine , Nougier Christophe ,   the French Study Group on the Biology of Hemorrhagic Diseases (the BIMHO group)
Published: April 2020

AbstractReplacement therapy with plasma‐derived or recombinant FVIII and FIX (pdFVIII/pdFIX or rFVIII/rFIX) concentrates is the standard of treatment in patients with haemophilia A and B, respectively. Measurement of factor VIII (FVIII:C) or factor IX (FIX:C) levels can be done by one‐stage clotting assay (OSA) or chromogenic substrate assay (CSA). The French study group on the Biology of Hemorrhagic Diseases (a collaborative group of the GFHT and MHEMO network) presents a literature review and proposals for the monitoring of FVIII:C and FIX:C levels in treated haemophilia A and B patients, respectively. The use of CSA is recommended for the monitoring of patients treated with pdFVIII or rFVIII including extended half‐life (EHL) rFVIII. Except for rFVIII‐Fc, great caution is required when measuring FVIII:C levels by OSA in patients substituted by EHL‐rFVIII. The OSA is recommended for the monitoring of patients treated with pdFIX or rFIX. Large discordances in the FIX:C levels measured for extended half‐life rFIX (EHL‐rFIX), depending on the method and reagents used, must lead to great attention when OSA is used for measuring FIX:C levels in patients substituted by EHL‐rFIX. Data of most of recent studies, obtained with spiked plasmas, deserve to be confirmed in plasma samples of treated patients.
TDP2 suppresses genomic instability induced by androgens in the epithelial cells of prostate glands
Authors: Al Mahmud Md. Rasel , Ishii Kenichiro , Bernal‐Lozano Cristina , Delgado‐Sainz Irene , Toi Masakazu , Akamatsu Shusuke , Fukumoto Manabu , Watanabe Masatoshi , Takeda Shunichi , Cortés‐Ledesma Felipe , Sasanuma Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAndrogens stimulate the proliferation of epithelial cells in the prostate by activating topoisomerase 2 (TOP2) and regulating the transcription of target genes. TOP2 resolves the entanglement of genomic DNA by transiently generating double‐strand breaks (DSBs), where TOP2 homodimers covalently bind to 5′ DSB ends, called TOP2‐DNA cleavage complexes (TOP2ccs). When TOP2 fails to rejoin TOP2ccs generating stalled TOP2ccs, tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase‐2 (TDP2) removes 5′ TOP2 adducts from stalled TOP2ccs prior to the ligation of the DSBs by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), the dominant DSB repair pathway in G0/G1 phases. We previously showed that estrogens frequently generate stalled TOP2ccs in G0/G1 phases. Here, we show that physiological concentrations of androgens induce several DSBs in individual human prostate cancer cells during G1 phase, and loss of TDP2 causes a five times higher number of androgen‐induced chromosome breaks in mitotic chromosome spreads. Intraperitoneally injected androgens induce several DSBs in individual epithelial cells of the prostate in TDP2‐deficient mice, even at 20 hr postinjection. In conclusion, physiological concentrations of androgens have very strong genotoxicity, most likely by generating stalled TOP2ccs.
Characterization of human‐induced pluripotent stem cells carrying homozygous RB1 gene deletion
Authors: Deng Xiaoyue , Iwagawa Toshiro , Fukushima Masaya , Watanabe Sumiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRetinoblastoma is an infant cancer that results from loss of RB1 expression in both alleles. The RB1 gene was the first reported cancer suppressor gene; however, the mechanism by which RB1 loss causes cancer in the retina has not yet been clarified. Human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an ideal tool for mechanistic research regarding retinoblastoma. However, because RB1 is a tumor suppressor, loss of both alleles of RB1 in human iPS cells may affect the phenotype of the cells. To examine this possibility, we established human iPSCs with deletions in both alleles of RB1 by CRISPR/Cas9 technique to characterize the associated phenotype. We first examined the expression of RB1 transcripts by RT‐qPCR, and RB1 transcripts were expressed in immature hiPSCs and then the expression levels of RB1 transcripts consistently increased during retinal organoid differentiation in human iPSCs. Expression levels of immature markers including SSEA4, OCT3/4 and NANOG were indistinguishable between control iPSCs and RB1 knockout iPSCs. Proliferative activity was also unaffected by homozygous RB1 deletion. Taken together, we showed that homozygous deletion of RB1 did not affect the maturation and proliferation statuses of human iPSCs.
Development of AMZ composites via mutual attraction of particles in wet processing
Authors: Khorsand Ali , Majidian Hudsa , Farvizi Mohammad 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTIn this paper, three approaches were investigated for preparing alumina‐mullite‐zirconia (AMZ) composites. The weight ratio of alumina to zircon was selected to be 85/15. In the first approach, common well‐known reaction sintering or solid‐state mixing of alumina and zircon were used. In the second approach, suspensions of the raw materials were prepared to examine the effect of wet processing method. The third approach was based on the use of aluminum alkoxide coated zircon and alumina. The sintering of samples was carried out at the temperature of 1630°C for 3 hours. Phase composition and Rietveld refinement method, microstructural observation, EDS analysis, as well as physical and mechanical properties were used and determined to characterize the sintered samples. The results showed that aluminum alkoxide coating can develop the mentioned reaction sintering and mullite formation. However, the desired mechanical properties were not obtained. Wet processing approach resulted in more interesting data about the formation of mullite and could improve the microstructure homogeneity of final composites. Higher amount of tetragonal zirconia, good densification, high hardness, and fine microstructure were obtained by the wet approach. These interesting results were attributed to the fine discrete particles provided by mutual attraction in the wet preparation method.
Longitudinal assessment on the impact of caries status of nearby surfaces on caries progression on the mesial surface of first molars
Authors: Lim Li Zhen , Preisser John , Benecha Habtamu Kassa , Zandona Andrea Ferreira 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe mesial surface of the first permanent molar is the most caries‐susceptible proximal surface of the permanent dentition in children under the age of 12.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the association between caries progression on the mesial surface of the first permanent molar (T6M) and caries on the distal surface of the primary second molar (t5D) and the occlusal surface of the first permanent molar (T6O).DesignChildren (between 5 and 13 years old; N = 565) that had participated in a 4‐year longitudinal caries study that at baseline had at least one T6 fully erupted with a t5 in proximal contact, with no restoration or sealant on T6O and t5D, and adequate bitewing radiographs were included. Clinical data using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and radiographs were used to determine the caries status of T6M, T6O, and t5D.ResultsBaseline caries presence on t5D and T6O were highly significantly associated with follow‐up caries presence on T6M (P < .001). The adjusted odds ratios corresponding to t5D and T6O were 3.94 (95% CI: [1.78, 8.71]) and 3.26 (95% CI: [1.46, 7.31]), respectively.ConclusionThese findings highlight the need for prevention and management of caries on T6O and t5D.
Extrapolating from Laboratory Behavioral Research on Nonhuman Primates Is Unjustified
Authors: Crutchfield Parker 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConducting research on animals is supposed to be valuable because it provides information on how human mechanisms work. But for the use of animal models to be ethically justified, it must be epistemically justified. The inference from an observation about an animal model to a conclusion about humans must be warranted for the use of animals to be moral. When researchers infer from animals to humans, it’s an extrapolation. Often nonhuman primates are used as animal models in laboratory behavioural research. The target populations are humans and other nonhuman primates. I argue that the epistemology of extrapolation renders the use of nonhuman primates in laboratory behavioural research unreliable. If the model is relevantly similar to the target, then the experimental conditions introduce confounding variables. If the model is not relevantly similar to the target, then the observations of the model cannot be extrapolated to the target. Since using nonhuman primates as animal models in laboratory behavioural research is not epistemically justified, using them as animal models in laboratory behavioural research is not ethically justified.
Accuracy of self‐reported hypertension: Effect of age, gender, and history of alcohol dependence
Authors: Wellman Jeannette L. , Holmes Brian , Hill Shirley Y. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPatient awareness of medical conditions may influence treatment seeking and monitoring of these conditions. Accurate awareness of hypertension reported to clinicians evaluating patients for whom clinical history is limited, such as in emergency care, can aid in diagnosis by revealing whether measured hypertension is typical or atypical. Measurement of blood pressure in a laboratory study was assessed at rest, immediately before phlebotomy, and within 10 minutes after. The resting measure was used to determine the accuracy of self‐reported hypertension in 283 adults. Parametric analyses were conducted to identify potential variables influencing accuracy of self‐reported hypertension. Sensitivity, specificity, and the kappa coefficient of agreement were calculated to determine the influence of alcohol dependence (AD), sex, age, and cigarette smoking on hypertension awareness. Self‐report was mildly sensitive, correctly identifying individuals with hypertension in approximately 37% of the cases, but was highly specific (95%) in identifying individuals without hypertension. Similar sensitivities were found in analyses separated by sex. Sensitivity was greater in those over age 55 (53%) in comparison with those <54, as well as in those who were not smoking. Comparison of those with and without a history of AD revealed that both groups show similar accuracy in reporting hypertension. Absence of hypertension can be accurately determined with self‐report data in those without hypertension. A significant proportion of those with measured hypertension report an absence of hypertension.
Statin‐induced autoimmune hepatitis in patients with type 1 diabetes: A report of two cases and literature review
Authors: Kawasaki Eiji , Fukuyama Takahiro , Kuriyama Erisa , Uchida Aira , Sagara Yoko , Tamai Hidekazu , Nakano Yuko , Tojikubo Masayuki , Koga Nobuhiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStatins are widely used medications for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, as well as prevention of cardiovascular disease. We report two patients with type 1 diabetes who developed autoimmune hepatitis after the administration of statin. The first patient developed the marked elevation of liver enzymes 6 months into atorvastatin therapy. The second patient developed liver dysfunction 8 months after the initiation of rosuvastatin therapy. Liver biopsies in both patients showed either portal, interface and lobular hepatitis or a piece‐meal necrosis with lymphocytes and plasma cell infiltration that were compatible with autoimmune hepatitis. Then, both patients were started on prednisolone, to which they responded well. Liver biopsy is to be considered for type 1 diabetes patients if there is no improvement of liver dysfunction after discontinuation of statins.
Female‐driven intersexual coevolution in beetle genitalia
Authors: Genevcius Bruno C. , Baker Joanna , Bianchi Filipe M. , Marvaldi Adriana E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGenital coevolution is a pervasive phenomenon as changes in one sex tend to impose fitness consequences on the other, generating sexual conflict. Sexual conflict is often thought to cause stronger selection on males due to the Darwin–Bateman's anisogamy paradigm. However, recent studies have demonstrated that female genitalia may be equally elaborated and perform diverse extra‐copulatory functions. These characteristics suggest that female genitals can also be primary targets of selection, especially where natural selection acts on female‐exclusive functions such as oviposition. Here, we test this hypothesis in a statistical phylogenetic framework across the whole beetle (Coleoptera) phylogeny, investigating whether coevolution of specific genital traits may be triggered by changes in females. We focus on traits of the proctiger, which composes part of the male terminalia and the female ovipositor. Our results present a comprehensive case of male–female genital coevolution and provide solid statistical evidence for a female‐initiated coevolutionary process where the vast majority of evolutionary transitions in males have occurred only after changes in females. We corroborate the hypothesis that female traits may change independently and elicit counter‐adaptations in males. Furthermore, by showing a consistent pattern across the phylogeny of the most diverse group of animals, our results suggest that this female‐driven dynamics may persist through long time scales.
A Business Model View of Strategy
Authors: Lanzolla Gianvito , Markides Constantinos 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe argue that while the business model construct may not be entirely new, it can still provide a novel lens, complementary to Resource Based View and Market Positioning, to develop new theoretical insights in strategy. We propose that the consideration of interdependencies among the activities of a business model provides such a lens. We show that by starting strategy development with interdependencies among activities, we can: (1) develop new insights on how to build superior strategies; and (2) explain company performance variance especially when heterogeneity in resources and capabilities is not strong and barriers to imitation are weak. Overall, we propose that a promising research avenue for the business model literature is to integrate complexity theory with demand‐side and supply side theories of strategy to generate more nuanced insights on what activities to connect and how to develop superior interdependencies among activities that can form the basis of superior strategies.
Mineralogy and petrology of dark clasts in the Allan Hills 76005 polymict eucrite pairing group
Authors: Righter Kevin , Holmwood Alexander P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Allan Hills 76005 polymict eucrite pairing group consists of 15 paired masses recovered during six different field seasons in the Transantarctic Mountains. Although this group has been well studied in general, most of the meteorites contain a significant portion of dark clasts that have not been well characterized. The Dawn mission to Vesta discovered dark materials that provide insight into its evolution. The ALH dark clasts are thus of great interest to understanding the evolution of Vesta. Here, 45 different dark clasts from 15 different thin sections from the pairing group are characterized in detail to better understand their nature and origin. Five different textural types of dark clasts are recognized among this group—skeletal, vitrophyric, pilotaxitic, fan spherulitic, and troilite‐silica‐plagioclase‐rich clasts with aphyric or blobby textures. Mineralogy of the clasts is dominated by plagioclase and pyroxene, with minor troilite, silica, ilmenite, chromite, and rare Fe‐Ni metal. All of the textures can be produced by rapid cooling rates on the order of 60–2500°C h−1. Bulk compositions of the clasts are demonstrably eucritic, and not chondritic, howarditic, or diogenitic. The combination of mineralogy, composition, and textures strongly suggests that the dark clasts are eucritic impact melts. Several craters on Vesta have associated orange deposits that have been proposed as impact melt breccias. The ALH pairing group may thus represent material that originated near Oppia or Octavia craters.