bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeographic evidence for two species of muriqui (genusBrachyteles)
Authors: Chaves Paulo B. , Magnus Tielli , Jerusalinsky Leandro , Talebi Maurício , Strier Karen B. , Breves Paula , Tabacow Fernanda , Teixeira Rodrigo H. F. , Moreira Leandro , Hack Robson O. E. , Milagres Adriana , Pissinatti Alcides , de Melo Fabiano R. , Pessutti Cecília , Mendes Sérgio L. , Margarido Tereza C. , Fagundes Valéria , Di Fiore Anthony , Bonatto Sandro L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe taxonomy of muriquis, the largest extant primates in the New World, is controversial. While some specialists argue for a monotypic genus (Brachyteles arachnoides), others favor a two‐species classification, splitting northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) from southern muriquis (B. arachnoides). This uncertainty affects how we study the differences between these highly endangered and charismatic primates, as well as the design of more effective conservation programs. To address this issue, between 2003 and 2017 we collected over 230 muriqui fecal samples across the genus’ distribution in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, extracted DNA from these samples, and sequenced 423 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. Phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses of our sequence dataset robustly support two reciprocally monophyletic groups corresponding to northern and southern muriquis separated by an average 12.7% genetic distance. The phylogeographic break between these lineages seems to be associated with the Paraíba do Sul River and coincides with the transition between the north and south Atlantic Forest biogeographic zones. Published divergence estimates from whole mitochondrial genomes and nuclear loci date the split between northern and southern muriquis to the Early Pleistocene (ca. 2.0 mya), and our new mtDNA dataset places the coalescence time for each of these two clades near the last interglacial (ca. 120–80 kya). Our results, together with both phenotypic and ecological differences, support recognizing northern and southern muriquis as sister species that should be managed as distinct evolutionarily significant units. Given that only a few thousand muriquis remain in nature, it is imperative that conservation strategies are tailored to protect both species from extinction.
Direct and Tandem Routes for the Copolymerization of Ethylene with Polar Functionalized Internal Olefins
Authors: Chen Min , Chen Changle 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTransition metal catalyzed ethylene copolymerization with polar monomers is a highly challenging reaction. After decades of research, the scope of suitable comonomer substrates has expanded from special to fundamental polar monomers and, recently, to 1,1‐disubstituted ethylenes. Described in this contribution is a direct and tandem strategy to realize ethylene copolymerization with various 1,2‐disubstituted ethylenes. The direct route is sensitive to sterics of both the comonomers and the catalyst. In the tandem route, ruthenium‐catalyzed ethenolysis can convert 1,2‐disubstituted ethylenes into terminal olefins, which can be subsequently copolymerized with ethylene to afford polar functionalized polyolefins. The one‐pot, two‐step tandem route is highly versatile and efficient in dealing with challenging substrates. This work is a step forward in terms of expanding the substrate scope for transition metal catalyzed ethylene copolymerization with polar‐functionalized comonomers.
Flexible Total Synthesis of 11‐Deoxylandomycins and Their Non‐Natural Analogues by Way of Asymmetric Metal Catalysis
Authors: Lee Juyeol , Kang Jihun , Lee Sukhyun , Rhee Young Ho 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA de novo first collective total synthesis of 11‐deoxylandomycins is reported. A signature step is featured by the Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric addition of alcohol to ene‐alkoxyallenes that assembles oligomeric 2,3,6‐trideoxyoligosaccharides. The unique feature of the protocol is illustrated by a flexible access to various natural 11‐deoxylandomycins as well as non‐natural analogues.
Calcium Hydride Reduction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Wilson Andrew S. S. , Dinoi Chiara , Hill Michael S. , Mahon Mary F. , Maron Laurent , Richards Emma 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA molecular calcium hydride effects the two electron reduction of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, including naphthalene (E0=−3.1 V).
Control of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in a Conformation‐Switchable Helical‐Spring Polymer by Solvent and Temperature
Authors: Jin Young‐Jae , Aoki Toshiki , Kwak Giseop 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA substituted poly(phenylacetylene) derivative (PPAHB) with two hydroxymethyl groups at the meta position of the side phenyl ring was examined as a conformation‐switchable helical spring polymer that responds to solvent and heat stimuli in a precisely controlled manner. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which cause the helical structure of the polymer, were broken and re‐formed by adjusting the hydrogen‐bonding strength values (pKHB) of various combinations of solvents or by varying the temperature. In this process, a reversible conformational change from cis–cisoid to cis–transoid, accompanied by a phase transition in the form of a helix‐coil transformation occurred, with the polymer exhibiting critical changes of color fading and recovery in specific environments. These results demonstrate that PPAHB can be used as either a pKHB indicator or a thermometer. The color changes of the polymer solution are described in detail based on spectroscopic analyses and thermodynamic considerations.
Magnetically separable and recyclable photocatalyst MoS2‐SrFe12O19 with p‐n heterojunction: Fabrication, characterization, and photocatalytic mechanism
Authors: Lu Yuan , Xu Longjun , Liu Chenglun 
Published: November 2019

A novel magnetic photocatalyst MoS2‐SrFe12O19 was successfully synthesized via a facile and reliable hydrothermal method. Flower‐shaped nanospheres MoS2 was compactly decorated with hexagon nanoplate SrFe12O19, which formed a new p‐n heterojunction. The superiority of this heterojunction structure has validated by characterizations and spectroscopic technique. Importantly, the MoS2‐SrFe12O19 composite presents remarkable photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organic dyes (RhB and MB), far exceeding those for the pure MoS2 and SrFe12O19. In particular, the degradation rate of RhB reached to 96.5% after only 120 min photocatalytic reaction for the composite MoS2‐SrFe12O19 (10 wt%). Based on the experiments and mechanism research, this magnetic photocatalyst can facilitate the separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs, inhibit the recombination and prolong lifespan of charge. It is attributed to its unique composite structure and intimate interfacial contact, which can obtain a higher light utilization and electron transit path. In addition, MoS2‐SrFe12O19 can be rapidly separated (5–10 seconds) and recycled under an external magnetic field, which verifies the satisfactory magnetism and reusability of the composite (Ms = 10.1 emu g–1, Mr = 3.5 emu g–1, Hci = 1407.7 Oe). Overall, this work provides a new insight for the recyclable photocatalytic systems with multi‐functionalities.
Biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles using Allium eriophyllum Boiss extract: Chemical characterization, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound healing effects
Authors: Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi , Zangeneh Akram 
Published: November 2019

Recently, metal nanoparticles have been used for the treatment of several disorders, such as infectious diseases. Indeed, finding the antibiotics of nanoparticles is in researching priority of many countries. The aim of this experiment was the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Allium eriophyllum Boiss (FeNPs@AE) and evaluation of their antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound healing effects under in vitro and in vivo conditions. These nanoparticles were characterized by FT‐IR, UV, XRD, EDS, TEM, and FE‐SEM analysis. According to the XRD analysis, 40 nm was measured for the crystal size of nanoparticles. SEM and TEM images exhibited a uniform spherical morphology and average diameters of 45 nm for the nanoparticles. FTIR findings suggested antioxidant compounds in the nanoparticles were the sources of reducing power, reducing iron ions to FeNPs@AE. DPPH test indicated similar antioxidant potentials for FeNPs@AE and butylated hydroxytoluene. The synthesized FeNPs@AE had great cell viability dose‐dependently and revealed this method was nontoxic. In the antimicrobial part of this study, FeNPs@AE prevented the growth of all bacteria and removed them at 2‐4 mg/ml concentrations (p ≤ 0.01). In the case of antifungal effects of FeNPs@AE, they inhibited the growth of all fungi at 1‐2 mg/ml concentrations and destroyed them at 2‐4 mg/ml concentrations (p ≤ 0.01). In part of cutaneous wound healing effect of FeNPs@AE, after creating the cutaneous wound, the rats were randomly divided into six groups: treatment with 0.2% FeNPs@AE ointment, treatment with 0.2% A. eriophyllum ointment, treatment with 0.2% FeCl3.6H2O ointment, treatment with 3% tetracycline ointment, treatment with Eucerin basal ointment, and untreated control. These groups were treated for 10 days. Use of FeNPs@AE ointment in the treatment groups substantially raised (p ≤ 0.01) the wound contracture, vessel, hydroxyl proline, hexuronic acid, fibrocyte, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate and remarkably decreased (p ≤ 0.01) the wound area, total cells, neutrophil, and lymphocyte compared to other groups. The results of FT‐IR, UV, XRD, TEM, and FE‐SEM confirm that the aqueous extract of A. eriophyllum can be used to produce iron nanoparticles with a significant amount of antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound healing properties without any cytotoxicity.
Process design for performance improvement in purely ecofriendly composites for structural applications
Authors: Akpan E. I. , Wetzel B. , Friedrich K. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe chances of improving the properties of biocomposites lie in the efficient combination of processing and compositional parameters. Achieving required properties for a specified application will involve a systematic process design. In this study, we focus on achieving improvement in properties of the bio‐acrylic resin/wood fiber composites via a rational design of process and parameters. We aim to identify processing parameters where the wood fibers participate in the chemical reaction giving rise to a robust composite structure and consequently improved properties. First, processing variables were streamlined to arrive at an efficient, easy, and less expensive processing route. Thereafter, fiber treatment, length, aspect ratio, and weight fraction were correlated to optimize the structural properties. Composites were prepared with varying fiber weight fraction (35–60 wt %) and fiber aspect ratio (2–13.7) using raw wood fibers (RWFs) and raw cellulose fibers (RCFs) from commercial sources. Generally, it was noted that with appropriate choice of treatment and size of fillers, the curing reaction can be enhanced leading to improvement in properties. Results show that flexural strength increases with decrease in fiber aspect ratio for both treated and untreated fibers. Maximum tensile strength (96 MPa) was obtained with 45 wt % filler content and filler aspect ratio of 13.7 for untreated fibers. When compared at the same weight fraction and average fiber length, RCF composites possess about 40% improvement in flexural strength over that of RWFs. The best compromise between processing and properties of the finished ecocomposite varies with fiber aspect ratio, treatment, and weight fraction of the fillers. The study provides an insight for the development of high‐performance green composites for extended applications such as underbody panels, wheel wells, and underhood components. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48719.
Time series analysis of normal mode energetics for Rossby wave breaking and saturation using a simple barotropic model
Authors: Matsunobu Takumi , Tanaka Hiroshi L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, Rossby wave breaking and saturation are examined for an idealized situation using a simple barotropic spectral model. In the model, a Rossby wave is amplified by parameterized baroclinic instability. The increase of the wave energy stops at the level where the high and low potential vorticities (PVs) indicate overturning, which is equivalent to the fact that the meridional PV gradient becomes negative somewhere in the domain. In this study, it is shown theoretically that the criterion may be represented by the point when the wave energy exceeds a quarter of the originally proposed saturation level specified by E = (ps/g)c2 in the spectral domain, by assuming a sinusoidal curve for the wave. Rossby wave saturation under the new definition proposed in this study could be followed by wave breaking, which occurs when the energy level of the background noise becomes comparable to that of harmonic waves of the amplified unstable wave. It is found that the criterion of PV overturning is equivalent to the energy level of wave saturation, and wave breaking is a distinct phenomenon from wave saturation.
SMART‐DECK: Vom Konzept zum Demonstrator
Authors: Büttner Till 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEin wesentlicher Faktor, der die Dauerhaftigkeit von Infrastrukturbauwerken negativ beeinflusst, ist das Eindringen von tausalzbelastetem Wasser in den Konstruktionsbeton infolge von Undichtigkeiten in der Abdichtungsebene. Innerhalb des Verbundforschungsvorhabens SMART‐DECK, das als Beitrag der Initiative „HighTechMatBau“ vom BMBF gefördert wurde, wurde ein multifunktionales System zur Instandsetzung und zum Schutz von Infrastrukturbauwerken erarbeitet. SMART‐DECK wurde von sieben Partnern, die die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette von SMART‐DECK abbilden, erarbeitet. Mitwirkend war auch die Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt), die SMART‐DECK aus Nutzersicht im Hinblick auf seine Funktionalität und Praxistauglichkeit beurteilte. Das System bietet drei Funktionalitäten. Es können ein vollflächiges Echtzeit‐Feuchtemonitoring, ein abschnittsweise steuerbarer präventiver kathodischer Korrosionsschutz (pKKS) und eine Erhöhung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit bei Bestandsbrücken realisiert werden. Mit dem Monitoring können Schäden in der Abdichtungsebene frühzeitig erkannt und, in Kombination mit dem pKKS, Verkehrsbehinderungen infolge von Instandsetzungsarbeiten vermieden werden, da die Instandsetzung in verkehrsgünstigere Perioden verschoben werden kann. Alle drei Funktionalitäten werden mittels Textilbeton realisiert. Der Aufsatz stellt das System und die innerhalb des Verbundforschungsvorhabens realisierten zwei Demonstratoren zur Demonstration der Leistungsfähigkeit des Systems vor.
Techno‐economic analysis of hemicellulose extraction from different types of lignocellulosic feedstocks and strategies for cost optimization
Authors: Geng Wenhui , Venditti Richard A. , Pawlak Joel J. , De Assis Tiago , Gonzalez Ronalds W. , Phillips Richard B. , Chang Hou‐min 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHemicellulose is a polymer found abundantly in lignocellulosic feedstocks, with many potential market applications. However, there has yet to be a large‐scale commercial process to isolate hemicellulose from lignocellulosic biomass. A techno‐economic assessment for hemicellulose extraction from sugarcane bagasse, switchgrass, and poplar was made. Two isolation processes after alkaline extraction were considered: (1) producing total hemicellulose and (2) producing hemicellulose A (water‐insoluble fraction) only. In a greenfield scenario, a byproduct of the process is sugar, whereas in a co‐location scenario the biomass after hemicellulose extraction is returned to the pulp mill for its fiber value. Operating costs, capital investment, minimum hemicellulose selling price (MHSP), the effect of input material and product prices along with several other process parameters on the MHSP were determined for each scenario. Co‐location scenarios had a dramatically lower capital cost and MHSP relative to greenfield scenarios. This was due to co‐location scenarios utilizing existing biomass processing and utilities equipment and not requiring a sugar‐production process. Among the three biomasses, hemicellulose extraction from sugarcane bagasse had the lowest MHSP for all scenarios, mainly due to a higher hemicellulose extraction yield. Extraction of hemicellulose A from sugarcane bagasse in a co‐location scenario had a low capital cost of 56 million USD and had a reasonable MHSP of 274 USD/t (metric ton). This research indicates that there is reasonable economic potential for hemicellulose extraction from lignocellulosic biomass for applications to replace starch or as a starting material for the production of xylo‐oligomeric prebiotics. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Role of human papillomavirus in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A meta‐analysis of cohort study
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Wei Jinlong , Wang Bin , Meng Lingbin , Xin Ying , Dong Lihua , Jiang Xin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection with prognosis, specifically overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS), in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients.MethodA systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. LSCC was confirmed on the basis of histopathology, whereas HPV status was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction.ResultsA total of 6539 articles were initially searched from 8 databases, of which 11 studies were eligible for our review. A total of 1442 LSCC cases were included in this analysis. Eight studies examined 3‐year OS for LSCC. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) from the 8 studies was 0.29 (95% CI: 0.25‐0.33). There was a statistically significant difference in 3‐year OS between the HPV‐negative and ‐positive groups, with the latter having a better survival. There was no statistically significant differences in 5‐ and 10‐year OS. Five studies examined 3‐ and 5‐year DFS for LSCC, whereas only 3 studies examined 10‐year DFS. There was no statistically significant difference in 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year DFS between the HPV groups.ConclusionThis study evaluated the survival impact of HPV infection in LSCC patients. The OS of the HPV‐positive group was better than that of the HPV‐negative group in terms of short‐term survival. Compared with the HPV‐negative group, the HPV‐positive group had a better trend of DFS, suggesting that a larger sample size and further exploration of the pathology and local control of HPV‐positive tumors are needed.
LncRNA LOXL1‐AS1/miR‐28‐5p/SEMA7A axis facilitates pancreatic cancer progression
Authors: Liu Yongcun , Guo Cheng , Li Feng , Wu Liping 
Published: November 2019

Pancreatic cancer (PC), one of the most aggressive and lethal human malignancies, is associated with a deplorable prognosis despite progressive therapeutic strategies. Emerging evidence manifests that miR‐28‐5p is involved in several cancers, and its descending expression is associated with poor prognosis. Nevertheless, the function of miR‐28‐5p in PC remains unclear. Thus, the underlying regulatory mechanism of miR‐28‐5p in PC is urgent to be clarified. In the present study, we first recognized miR‐28‐5p was downregulated in PC, and miR‐28‐5p overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and migration in PC. Then miR‐28‐5p was verified to act as a molecular sponge of LOXL1‐AS1. Therefore, the function of LOXL1‐AS1 was further explored in PC, presenting that LOXL1‐AS1 suppression inhibited cell proliferation and migration. What is more, SEMA7A was found to be a target gene for miR‐28‐5p and was upregulated in PC. In addition, LOXL1‐AS1 could positively regulate SEMA7A expression while miR‐28‐5p could negatively regulate SEMA7A expression. According to rescue experiments, SEMA7A overexpression partially neutralized LOXL1‐AS1 silence‐mediated inhibitory function on progression in PC. Taken together, all the data demonstrated that LOXL1‐AS1/miR‐28‐5p/SEMA7A axis facilitated pancreatic cancer progression, which may be regarded as an innovative therapeutic target for PC treatment.Significance of the studyOur findings constitute the first report to delineate that lncRNA LOXL1‐AS1/miR‐28‐5p/SEMA7A axis facilitates PC progression. According to our experimental results, we found the expression of miR‐28‐5p was downregulated in PC cells and miR‐28‐5p overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and migration in PC. LOXL1‐AS1 could sponge miR‐28‐5p and then upregulate the expression of SEMA7A. Thus, LOXL1‐AS1/miR‐28‐5p/SEMA7A axis facilitated PC progression. This initially proposed point might provide a novel molecular target for PC treatment.
Organic acids as antibrowning agents in parboiling: Effects on the technological properties and cooking quality
Authors: Goebel Jorge Tiago Schwanz , Ziegler Valmor , Ferreira Cristiano Dietrich , Paraginski Ricardo Tadeu , Elias Moacir Cardoso 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe conventional rice parboiling process improves the physical quality of the grains; however, the browning is a factor that reduces the acceptance of the product. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of the addition of tartaric, citric, and lactic acids in soaking at concentrations of 0.0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8%, followed by autoclaving at 110°C.FindingsAt all concentrations used, there was an increase in the head rice yield (HRY) and gelatinization degree, regardless of the acid type. Tartaric and lactic acid treatment led to minimal changes in color, while parboiled rice subjected to citric acid treatment exhibited lighter coloring. At the highest concentration of the acids, a reduction in cooking time was observed. The addition of organic acids in parboiling promotes whiter grains when compared to conventional grains, and at high concentrations reduces cooking time.ConclusionsThe addition of lactic, citric, and tartaric acids to the soaking water of the parboiling process led to an increase in the HRY and gelatinization degree of parboiled rice, with the majority of the rice grains exhibiting 75%–100% gelatinized/vitreous area.Significance and noveltyThese results are important because they provide an alternative for quality improvement of parboiled rice. Among the studied acids, citric acid yielded the best technological properties and cooking quality of parboiled rice, implying greater economic gain for rice industries and good consumer.
Do Carbon Nano‐onions Behave as Nanoscopic Faraday Cages? A Comparison of the Reactivity of C60, C240, C60@C240, Li+@C60, Li+@C240, and Li+@C60@C240
Authors: Luque‐Urrutia Jesús Antonio , Poater Albert , Solà Miquel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFrom the analysis of the polarizability of carbon nano‐onions (CNOs), it was concluded that CNOs behave as near perfect nanoscopic Faraday cages. If CNOs behave as ideal Faraday cages, the reactivity of the C240 cage should be the same in Li+@C240 and Li+@C60@C240. In this work, the Diels–Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene to the free C240 cage and the C60@C240 CNO together with their Li+‐doped counterparts were analyzed using DFT. It was found that in all cases the preferred cycloaddition is on bond [6,6] of type B of C240. Encapsulation of Li+ results in lower enthalpy barriers due to the decrease of the energy of the LUMO orbital of the C240 cage. When the Li+ is placed inside the CNO C60@C240, the decrease in enthalpy barrier is similar to that of Li+@C240. However, the location of Li+ in Li+@C240 (off‐centered) and Li+@C60@C240 (centered) is quite different. When Li+ was placed in the center of the C240 cage in Li+@C240, the barriers increased significantly. Taking into account this effect, the barriers in Li+@C240 and Li+@C60@C240 differ by about 4 kcal mol−1. This result can be attributed to the shielding effect of C60 in Li+@C60@C240. As a result, we conclude that this CNO does not act as a perfect Faraday cage.