bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI DIVISI PUBLIC RELATIONS PLN DISTRIBUSI JAWA BARAT DALAM SOSIALISASI SUBSIDI LISTRIK TEPAT SASARAN
Authors: Pangesti Lyza Audina 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThis thesis discuss about the communication strategy which have been implemented by public relationsof PLN due to socializing well-targeted electricity subsidy program in West Java. This Well-targetedelectricity subsidy program is a government program which cuts the electricity subsidy for middleincome homes 900—watt customer, where West Java province is ranked the highest in Indonesia. Thegoal of this research is to know the steps of communication strategy which have been implementedby public relations PLN West Java Distribution due to socializing well-targeted electricity subsidy program. This research uses constructivist paradigm, qualitative approach and case-study research strategy. The data were collected by in depth interview and documentation study. The result revealed thatthe public relations of PLN becomes one of the communicator who planned and give the instructions topublic relations of PLN West Java Distribution in socializing well-targeted electricity subsidy program.The communication strategy steps which have been implemented by public relations of PLN due tosocializing well-targeted electricity subsidy program are determined the communicator, recognizes theaudiences, set the method and last selection and media uses. Key words: Communication Strategy, Public Relations, PT PLN
KOMUNIKASI KELOMPOK DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG KELBUNG PASCA KONFLIK MADURA-SAMPIT.
Authors: Rosyidi Moch. Imron 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTConflict of Sampit in 2001 between Madura community who lived in Sampit and local community ofSambas has still been being strongly memorized by Madura community until the present time. Theculture conflict influenced the Madura who had ever lived in Sampit not only physically but alsoeconomically as most of them lost their occupation. However, Mr. Dairobi and his wife were presentas the initiators for the Madura to produce handicrafts from agel rope in order to be empowered toreach the partisipative development. This research aims at finding whether the integration of structure,culture, and agent of change have been appropriate for the needs Kelbung community after the MaduraSampitconflicttoexplainbygroupcommunicationsstudies.Inaddition,thisresearchwasconductedqualitativelywith IPA (Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis) as the analysis technique. It is anew analysis including “reading and re-reading” to “looking for patterns across cases” to determinewhether the relationship among cases are proper for the focus of this study‒social psychology incommunication issue. Mefalopulos development Participatory theory about social change was used asthe basis theory to explain the research result. It resulted that among the community, women and childrensuffered psychological trauma more than the others. Therefore, the concept of social engineering byimplementing the handicrafts business was considered as a core of the empowerment activities becauseit involved women as the main labors, in the group communications studies the function of group haveafford the needs of group members . Keywords: Group Communications, Social Change, Partisipative Development.
Pengembangan Wisata Edukasi dan Konservasi Bawah Laut – Usaha Travel Wisata Snorkeling dan Diving Antar Pulau
Authors: Arisandi Apri , Tamam Badrut 
Published: February 2020

Keindahan terumbu karang di Kepulauan Sumenep oleh para penyelam dijuluki sebagai Surga Tersembunyi di Timur Madura. Wisatawan yang berkunjung ke Kepulauan Sumenep selama ini adalah komunitas-komunitas pecinta lingkungan, wisatawan backpacker dan wisatawan lokal Madura. Peminat wisata bahari yang terus meningkat disertai permintaan fasilitas pendukung (peralatan selam, kapal, penginapan dan guide selam yang terlatih) menuntut pengelola wisata untuk lebih profesional dalam mengembangkan usahanya. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan IbIKK saat ini, terbukti telah berhasil mempromosikan keindahan pulau-pulau dan destinasi wisata bawah air di Kepulauan Sumenep. Semakin banyaknya kunjungan wisata dari dalam dan luar negeri yang dipandu oleh Travel Kangean Wisata, serta publikasi di media masa merupakan dampak dari telah dikenalnya keindahan alam Kepulauan Sumenep. Promosi yang semakin gencar baik dari Tim IbIKK dan Pemda Sumenep, semakin meningkatkan jumlah kunjungan wisata di Kepulauan Sumenep. Melihat hal tersebut menambah optimisme Tim IbIKK bahwa usaha Travel Wisata Snorkeling dan Diving antar Pulau akan terus berkembang pesat dari tahun ke tahun.
Prediction of Injection Rate and Production History for Multifluid Five-Spot Floods
Authors: Prats M. , Matthews C.S. , Jewett R.L. , Baker J.D. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Vol. 216, 1959, pages 98–105.Paper presented at 33rd Annual Fall Meeting of Society of Petroleum Engineers in Houston, Tex., Oct. 5–8, 1958.

ABSTRACT
By mathematical analysis it was found that injectivity history of a uniform five-spot pattern can be calculated by rather simple formulas. These calculated injectivities were found to agree rather well with injectivities measured in a potentiometric analog. With this as a basis, a simple method was finally developed which allows prediction not only of rate of injection but also of rate and kind of production at the production well, for a uniform five-spot. Using this method formulas for the effective injectivity and production behavior of a waterflooded reservoir having a wide range in permeability can be calculated by considering that the reservoir consists of several layers, each having a uniform but different permeability. Rather good agreement is shown by a comparison of the observed production history of a field in the Illinois basin and that calculated by the methods just described.

INTRODUCTION
The importance of being able to predict the injection rates for a water flood is well known, for upon injection rate depends the life of the flood, the size of pumping and treating facilities, and the rate of oil recovery. One method of determining rates of injection is through a pilot flood.
Water-In-Oil Emulsion Cements
Authors: Patchen F.D. , Burdyn R.F. , Dunlap I.R. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 252–257.

Abstract
The composition and properties of a new type of cementing mixture are discussed. In these compositions, API Class A or C cements are added to a stable water-in-oil emulsion instead of the usual water. The cement disperses in the oil phase and remains out of contact with the water under normal conditions of mixing and storage. At higher temperatures, such as those encountered down-hole during placement, the emulsion breaks and cement hydration can then proceed.
An extremely low filtration rate is obtained; the major part of the filtrate is oil. Thickening times of the mixture may be increased to meet the 18,000-ft casing cementing schedule by varying the amount of emulsifier. As in conventional Portland cement mixtures, high-temperature strength retrogression can be overcome by addition of silica flour.
Results of several field applications show that mixing presents no difficulty if emulsion blenders are used and the emulsion is prepared beforehand.

Introduction
Water-in-oil emulsions, in which oil is the continuous or external phase and in which water exists as discrete droplets, have for some time been used successfully in drilling muds to reduce filtration loss. Applied to cement slurries, the same results are obtained; i.e., the fluid-loss is greatly reduced. In addition, thickening times may be extended, lower densities and strengths obtained, and water-base borehole fluids more easily displaced without contamination of the cement.
A low filtration rate is often a desirable property in oil well cements since loss of fluid increases placement difficulties and may also cause damage to water-sensitive producing formations. In the casing cementing operation where the cement slurry is pumped into the narrow annulus between open hole and casing, rapid loss of fluid to a porous formation can cause the slurry to thicken and plug the annulus before the desired fill is obtained. Where a casing or a liner is cemented against a productive formation and the well completed through perforations, the fluid lost between the time the cement first contacts the formation and the time a set is obtained may invade the zone past the depth of the perforations. If the sand contains a material which will swell upon contact with cement filtrate, permanent damage may result.
A New Experimental Model for Studying Transient Phenomena
Authors: Landrum Bobby L. , Flanagan Donald A. , Norwood Billy C. , Crawford Paul B. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 33–37.

Abstract
Herein is described a heat conduction model which has been developed to predict the pressure distribution within a reservoir being subjected to unsteady-state depletion. Although potentiometric models have been widely used to study reservoir pressure distribution, their application is limited to the study of steady-state cases. Electrical analyzers may be used to study unsteady-state phenomena, but their application and simulation have certain limitations.
Much of the now accepted theory of unsteady-state fluid flow in porous media has evolved from previous heat conduction knowledge. An analogy between the flow of fluid in an unsymmetrical reservoir and conduction of heat in a similarly shaped unsymmetrical metal plate is made to show adaptability of the heat conduction principle to transient reservoir cases.
A description of the model and necessary instrumentation is included. Data show influence of well location on pressure distribution during unsteady-state depletion. Application of results is made to a hypothetical reservoir and to a reservoir located in an irregular aquifer.

Introduction
Development of methods for predicting behavior of petroleum reservoirs has resulted partially from adaptation of electrical and thermal flow concepts to the flow of fluids through porous media.
Extensive investigation of electrical and thermal flow problems has resulted in mathematical solutions applicable to many reservoir problems. The relative ease of measuring electrical flow has brought wide acceptance of the use of the potentiometric model to study certain field problems.
Potentiometric models are restricted to the study of steady-state conditions because of the instantaneous response of electrical flow to changes in the applied potential. The electrical reservoir analyzer has been one of our most useful instruments for studying certain phases of unsteady-state behavior. Other than approximation techniques, no method exists for determining pressure distribution in an irregular reservoir during primary depletion.
Increased Drill Bit Life Through Use of Extreme Pressure Lubricant Drilling Fluids
Authors: Rosenberg M. , Tailleur R.J. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 195–202.

Abstract
Oil well drilling muds prepared with lubricating aids such as oil, graphite or mica will not produce a sufficiently strong protective lubricant film for the bit bearing surfaces under high load conditions encountered in drilling operations. Consequently, the damage to the bearing surfaces resulting from the absence of such a film frequently results in a shortening of the drill bit life.
Several different types of extreme pressure lubricating additives for use in muds have been developed. These additives are capable of providing a protective lubricating film for bearing surfaces subjected to high load pressures. A modified version of the Timken lubricant tester, an instrument commonly used for testing the extreme pressure lubricating properties of oils, is used for measuring and controlling the lubricating qualities of the mud.
Comparison tests made in the laboratory with 5 ⅝-in. tricone bits drilling on steel plates immersed in extreme pressure lubricating muds and conventional muds showed that the bearing life of those bits tested in the lubricating mud was three to four times greater than obtained with conventional muds. Drilling tests made with extreme pressure lubricating muds in West Texas increased over-all bit life three to fourfold, reduced drilling torque and wear on drill pipe and drill collars.

Introduction
Roller bit cones contain roller, ball and journal-type bearings that are subjected to very heavy loading during drilling operations in which the only lubricant available for these bearings is either water or drilling mud. These bearings must be able to operate satisfactorily in order for the cutting structures on the surface of the cones to be fully utilized. Frequently, the bearings wear to the point that the cones freeze and the bit must be pulled before the cutting structures on the cores become worn. In some instances the hearings continue to turn with severe wear but the cones, which are held on the bit by the bearings, drop off; and this causes an expensive fishing job. In other instances the bearings wear to the point that the cones pinch in causing an undergauge hole and delays to ream the hole. The advantage of increasing bit bearing life is self-evident.
Effect of Pressure and Temperature on Cavities in Salt
Authors: Brown K.E. , Jessen F.W. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 341–345.

Abstract
It is deemed feasible to store atomic reactor fuel wastes in salt dome cavities when the differential pressure acting on the cavity does not exceed 3,000 psi and the temperature is less than 400F. Tests at pressure increments of 1,000 psi were conducted on a 2-in, cylindrical cavity contained in a 6-in. long X 6-in. diameter salt core. The cavity exhibited stability under pressures up to 3,000 psi and temperatures to 300F. At temperature ranges of 100 to 400F and with pressures of 5,000 psi and above continuous deformation of the cavity resulted. Initial movement of the salt was observed at all pressures. This was evidenced by vertical de formation and cavity size reduction.

Introduction
The development of storage techniques for safe disposal of atomic reactor fuel wastes is a goal of the Atomic Energy Commission. Salt domes have been used successfully for storage of liquefied petroleum gases and hence should prove to be suitable for liquid waste products of atomic reactors. The purpose of the following work is to evaluate the practicability of utilizing salt dome cavities for such wastes and to determine particularly the effect of pressure and temperature on a salt cavity. This work represents a part of a comprehensive study covering the over-all problem of storing reactor fuel wastes in salt domes and/or salt beds. The problem of accurately determining the stresses which exist in rocks in the earth's crust is indeed a complex one. Theoretical studies have differed widely in many of the basic assumptions about the physical properties of the rock itself. Some solutions of problems in underground stress analysis assume that rock is elastic, homogeneous and isotropic in character; others assume that rock possesses plastic. viscous, elasticoviscous properties, or a combination thereof. Experimental evidence has shown that sale possesses plastic, viscous and elasticoviscous properties. Recent work has shown that salt becomes more plastic with temperature.
Unsteady-State Liquid Flow Through Porous Media Having Elliptic Boundaries
Authors: Coats K.H. , Tek M.R. , Katz D.L. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 460–464.

Introduction
A large number of boundary value problems encountered in unsteady-state heat transfer, fluid flow through porous media, neutron diffusion and mass transfer involve the solution of a linear, parabolic partial differential equation commonly referred to as the diffusivity equation,
................... (1)
where U is the dependent potential variable, K is the diffusivity (hydraulic, thermal, neutron, etc.) and t is the time variable. Solutions to Eq. 1 are available in the literature for a wide variety of initial and boundary conditions. The great majority of these solutions are obtained for geometric boundaries corresponding to linear, cylindrical or spherical flow models.
A typical engineering application where the solution to Eq. 1 is required is the calculation of underground water encroachment across the boundaries of oil or natural gas reservoirs In this particular area of application, the reservoir boundary is invariably approximated by circular geometry. However, the areal shape of many reservoirs can be better approximated by elliptic rather than circular boundaries. Thus the need for a general method of solving the diffusivity equation in elliptic coordinates arises in this problem as well as in other engineering applications involving elliptic boundaries.
The solution to the diffusivity equation usually involves the Error Function for the linear flow model, Bessel functions for the radial flow model and trigonometric or Legendre functions for the spherical flow model. It is well known that the general solution to the diffusivity equation in elliptic coordinates involves Mathieu functions. The significance of Mathieu functions in the analytical treatment of the diffusivity equation in elliptic coordinates is discussed in the literature. However, these references do not provide analytical solutions useful in practical engineering problems.
The objectives of this paper are the development of the equations describing the unsteady-state liquid flow through a porous medium with an elliptic inner boundary, the development of a numerical method of solving these equations and, finally, a comparison of the water encroachment quantities calculated from the elliptic flow equation with those calculated from the radial flow equation. While the specific problem treated in this paper relates to unsteady-state liquid flow through a porous medium, the basic equations and computational techniques developed will apply equally well to problems occurring in the other areas of engineering interest mentioned previously. The solution given here is limited to a single case in which the outer boundary encloses an area 100 times that of the inner boundary.
Some Practical Aspects of Gravel Packing
Authors: Rodgers C.J. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 201, 1954, pages 41–47.

Abstract
The present day success of gravel packs to prevent or retard the migration of unconsolidated sands into the well bore is due to:the use of a saline or nonaqueous, nonsolids drill fluid,proper preparation of the well bore prior to gravel packing, andpressure placement of the gravel.
The experience gained from the "pressure pack" method of gravel packing indicates that sand-free fluid production can be maintained for a length of time sufficient to make the operation economically attractive. Data pertaining to the first 15 wells so completed by Gulf indicate that for each dollar spent to effect the completion, there will be a return of more than $2.92.
The pressure pack technique of gravel packing is essentially the placing of gravel in and adjacent to the producing formations. This is done with fluid pressure and by the use of a drill fluid that will permit partial or complete loss of returns to the formation during placement. This technique was first intentionally used by Gulf in May, 1950, and since that time has been applied in more than 90 wells.
Other advantages claimed for this type of completion are that the pressure placement of the gravel has a scouring effect on the casing perforations, that additional drainage channels to the well bore are created, and that the possibility of shifting of the formations adjacent to the casing is minimized and possibly prevented.

Introduction
During the past few years, the use of gravel to prevent or retard the migration of unconsolidated sands into the well bore has met with a favorable degree of success. Numerous methods and techniques of "gravel packing" have been used, each having its own relative merits, and with varying results.
Equilibrium Vaporization Ratios for a Reservoir Fluid Containing a High Concentration of Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Vagtborg Harold 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 201, 1954, pages 67–72.

Abstract
Equilibrium vaporization ratios were obtained for light hydrocarbons, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide in a reservoir fluid containing 35 mole per cent hydrogen sulfide. The data cover the range from 700 to 2500 psia at 154°F.
The results of this study are compared with results obtained by other investigators on systems containing less hydrogen sulfide. When large amounts of hydrogen sulfide are present, the equilibrium vaporization ratios for ethane and heavier hydrocarbons are greater than the ratios for systems containing little or no hydrogen sulfide. Large amounts of hydrogen sulfide have the reverse effect on the ratios for methane.
Routine PVT studies were performed on the reservoir fluid including flash and differential liberations of the dissolved gas. The pressure-volume relationships of the saturated fluid were also determined.
It is shown that the use of published correlations on physical properties of reservoir fluids can lead to gross errors when applied to systems containing large amounts of hydrogen sulfide.

Introduction
Equilibrium vaporization ratios for various components in naturally occurring crude oil and condensate systems have been reported in the literature. Recently, several papers have been published with emphasis on non-hydrocarbon components such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The increased discovery of reservoir fluids having high concentrations of these non-hydrocarbon components, particularly hydrogen sulfide, has created a need for a further study of their phase behavior.
Equilibrium vaporization ratios are known to vary with pressure, temperature, and overall composition of the system. It was anticipated that ratios for systems containing large amounts of hydrogen sulfide would differ from the ratios for systems containing small amounts of hydrogen sulfide. Therefore, the present work was undertaken in order to obtain reliable equilibrium vaporization ratios for the reservoir-fluid in question.