bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applied Anatomy of the Maxillofacial and Mandibular Regions of Indian Mithun (Bos frontalis) and its Clinical Significance in Regional Anesthesia
Authors: Choudhary O.P. , . Priyanka , Kalita P.C. , . Keneisenuo , Konwar B. , Doley P.J. , Kalita A. , Gündemir Ozan 
Published: November 2020

Background: The topographic and morphometric anatomy of various foramina provides an easy approach in performing nerve blocks by their proper tracking for regional anesthesia in surgical interventions. There is no previously reported information on the applied anatomy and clinical significance of the maxillofacial and mandibular regions of the Indian mithun. The present study was designed to provide important clinical landmarks related to tracking of the infraorbital, mental and mandibular nerves with its clinical significance in regional anesthesia in mithun. Methods: The study was conducted on the maxillofacial and mandibular regions of twelve (n=12) adult Indian mithun of either sex (n=6, male and n=6, female). The head region samples of naturally died mithun were collected from different parts of the Mizoram and Nagaland state of India and processed as per the standard maceration technique. Altogether, a total of twelve measurements were taken in the maxillofacial and mandibular regions of mithun by using a digital vernier caliper and the results were expressed as mean±standard deviation. The obtained parameters from the present study can be useful for an extraoral and intraoral approach for nerve block of the infraorbital, mental and mandibular nerve in the maxillofacial and mandibular regions of mithun. Result: The present study revealed that all the obtained parameters related to regional anesthesia showed a significant statistical difference (P less than 0.01** and P less than 0.05*) between the males and females of mithun. It can be concluded from the present study that the various applied parameters of the present study will aid the clinicians in the implication of regional anesthesia in the head region of mithun.
Investigations on First Confirmed Outbreak of Ovine Theileriosis (Theileria luwenshuni) from Maharashtra State, India
Authors: Dhaygude V.S. , Kundu K. , Kamdi B.P. , Bagal U.R. , Bhosale S.B. , Sabharwal Divya 
Published: November 2020

Background: Clinical theileriosis of small ruminants is tick-borne disease caused by Theileria lestoquardi, Theileria uilenbergi and Theileria luwenshuni. Theileria annulata, the causative agent of bovine tropical theileriosis in cattle, can also infect sheep but does not cause any significant illness. It is one of the economically important diseases. There are no reports of ovine clinical theileriosis from Maharashtra state and there is paucity of information on its epidemiology. This paper reports first confirmed outbreak of ovine theileriosis based on clinical signs, microscopic examination, PCR and sequencing in the Maharashtra State of India. Methods: Whole blood samples from 22 ailing sheep were collected and subjected to hematological examination. Blood smears stained with Leishman’s stain were examined under 100X objective of the microscope. The blood samples from sheep found positive by microscopic method were subjected to PCR detection of 18S rRNA gene of hemoprotozoa and then for nucleotide sequencing and sequence analysis.Conclusion: Samples from 14 out of 22 sheep were found positive for piroplasms of Theileria spp by light microscopy. All positive samples were further confirmed by PCR detection of 18S rRNA gene of hemoprotozoa. PCR amplification yielded expected product of 1750 bp for all samples. BLAST and phylogenetic analysis of one sample revealed high sequence homology with T. luwenshuni reported from India and other countries. Characteristic clinical signs like fever, progressive anaemia, laboured breathing, lymphadenopathy, debility and non-responsiveness to antibiotic therapy were recorded. The animals responded to specific treatment against theileriosis. It is the first ever confirmed report of ovine theileriosis in Maharashtra state of India and hence reported.
Memahami Sensionalisme dalam Berita Televisi: Perspektif Evolusi Biologi
Authors: Naru Gentur Agustinus 
Published: November 2020

Although there have been many studies regarding sensationalism on television, there have not been enough studies to explain why sensational news always attracts viewers' attention regardless of space or time difference. Encouraged by this background, this research tries to answer the question, "What makes sensational news interesting to television viewers?" Inspired by a biological evolutionary perspective, this article formulates a hypothesis that reads, "Sensationalism can draw the attention of the audience because sensational news arouses the most basic instincts of humans, namely the mode of survival (Gurven, 2017)". In this view, the model has become inherent in humans as a result of the evolutionary process. In other words, this hypothesis also believes that audience interest in sensational news is universal rather than contextual.

This article explores a variety of literature in biology, psychology, and communication to try to answer that hypothesis. In order to that, this article is divided into three main sections. We will first explore the history of sensational journalism on television to show the historicity of sensational topics and techniques on television. Second, we will demonstrate the philosophical roots of an evolutionary biology view that explains the relationship between information stimuli and the workings of the human brain and the basic instincts we have carried since evolution thousands of years ago. Finally, we will show studies that prove empirically how news patterns (both sensational topics and production formats) impact viewing interest.
Determinants of ectopic pregnancy among pregnant women attending referral hospitals in Southwestern parts of Oromia regional state, Southwest Ethiopia: A multi-center case control study
Authors: Gerema Urge , Alemayehu Tilahun , Chane Getachew , Desta Diliab , Diriba Amenu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Ectopic pregnancy is an abnormal condition in which implantation of the blastocyst occurs outside the endometrium of the uterus. It is gynecological important, particularly in the developing world, because of associated with enormous rate of high morbidity, during the first trimester of pregnancy. A better understanding of its risk factors can help to prevent its prevalence. However, the determinants of ectopic pregnancy are not well understood and few researches conducted in our country were based on secondary data covering small scale area. This study aimed to identify determinants of ectopic pregnancy among pregnant women attending referral hospitals in Southwestern part of Oromia regional state, Southwest Ethiopia.Methods: Hospital-based case control study was employed from June 1 to September 30, 2019. The study was conducted in five referral hospitals in Southwestern part of Oromia regional state. Final sample size includes 59 cases and 118 controls. Data were entered by using Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the data. All explanatory variables with p-value of <0.25 in bi-variable analysis, then entered into multivariable logistic regression. Associated factors were identified at 95% confidence interval (p <0.05).Results: Out of 177 (59 cases and 118 controls) participants, 174 (58 cases and 116 controls) were participating in the study. Prior two or more induced abortions [AOR=3.95:95% CI: 1.22-13.05], previous history of caesarean section [AOR=3.4:95% CI: 1.11-10.94], marital status (being single) [AOR=4.04:95%CI: 1.23-13.21], reporting prior recurrent sexual transmitted infection [AOR=2.25:95%CI: 1.00-5.51], prior history of tubal surgery [AOR=3.32:95%CI: 1.09-10.13], were more likely to have an ectopic pregnancy with their respective AOR with 95%CI.Conclusions: It was found that having a history of more than two induced abortions during previous pregnancies, marital status (single), recurrent sexual transmitted infection, prior history of tubal surgery and experiencing prior caesarean section were found to be determinants of ectopic pregnancy. Hospitals should give emphasis on prevention and early detection of risks of ectopic pregnancy and create awareness in order to reduce the burden of ectopic pregnancy.
A prospective observational case-controlled pilot study protocol on natural killer cell activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking empagliflozin
Authors: Roy Sayak , Chatterjee Anindita 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Belonging to the innate immune system, natural killer (NK) cells play crucial roles in various kinds of cancers and other pathologies. The function and development of NK cells are regulated and enhanced by various inflammatory cytokines like common-γ chain family cytokines, transforming growth factor-β, interleukin (IL)-3, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-18. It has been found that their activity, as measured by interferon gamma assay release method, is decreased in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as prediabetes and is directly related to the degree of glycemic control. The multiple mechanisms shown by sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors (SGLT2Is) to address glycemic as well as non-glycemic inflammatory pathways make them an ideal candidate in most of our obese patients with T2DM since most of them are at higher cardiovascular (CV) risk. Obesity, a common comorbidity in T2DM, is also a known contributor of decreased NK cell activity. Since SGLT2Is have an indirect anti-inflammatory property, hence this study is intended to investigate any change in the NKC activity after initiating empagliflozin over 4 weeks in a cohort of well-controlled diabetic population.
Is There Any Association Between Undesired Children and Health Status of Under-five Children? Analysis of Nationally Representative Sample From Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md. Zakiul , Islam Md. Syful 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Child health, especially childhood mortality, is one of the critical indicators of human development. No child mortality is desirable, but it is still high in Bangladesh. We aimed to assess the effect of the child's desired status of mothers on childhood morbidity and mortality of Bangladesh. Data and Method: We used the data from nationally representative cross-sectional Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2014 and restricted the analyses to children born in the past five years preceding the survey. We estimated the undesired status (excess in boy, girl, both, and parity) by subtracting an ideal number of children from the total live birth. We measured childhood mortality (neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality), morbidity (fever, diarrhea, cough, and ARI), and nutritional problems (stunting, wasting, and underweight). Finally, we utilized the chi-square test and multilevel logistic regression analyses. Findings: The prevalence of undesired children was 20.7%, 23.2%, 4.9%, and 30.3% for boys, girls, both boys and girls, and parity, respectively. Age, education, residence, division, and household wealth index were significantly associated with undesired children. The prevalence of under-five mortality was 3.1% among desired children, almost double (5.9%) among undesired children. The likelihood of under-five mortality was 85% (AOR) to 97% (COR) higher among undesired children than the desired one. Childhood malnutrition (stunting and underweight except wasting) was also higher and significantly associated with undesired children. We also found 17% (AOR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.96) lower postnatal checkup for undesired children. Despite lower under-five mortality among higher socioeconomic status, the relative contribution of undesired children to under-fiver mortality was larger. Conclusion: The share of childhood mortality and malnutrition was higher among undesired children. Every child should be wanted, and no unwanted pregnancies are desirable; thereby, the government should reemphasize the proper use of family planning methods to reduce child mortality and malnutrition.
Role of Nicergoline in Corneal Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Portela Amanda , Moreno Rafael , Ribeiro Maria Helena , de Andrade Fernanda , Alves Yale , Alves Mônica , Lira Rodrigo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the effect of nicergoline on the rate of complete corneal ulcer reepithelialization (CCUR) in diabetic rats with diabetic keratopathy.Methods: Forty-eight streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (n=24) received nicergoline (10 mg.kg-1.day-1), while the control group (n=24) received a placebo. A corneal epithelial defect was induced using a corneal diamond burr, and defect area was compared at timepoints of 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the injury using image analysis software. The probability of CCUR within 72 hours was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis log-rank test. Results: When compared, 4 of the 24 rats (17%) in the placebo group and 12 of the 24 rats (50%) in the nicergoline group were found to have CCUR within 72 hours (log-rank = 0.027). Cox regression analysis found no effect of the covariates blood glucose (P=0.601) or weight (P=0.322) on the corneal reepithelialization (survival) curve. Conclusions: Nicergoline increased wound healing rates relative to placebo and may therefore be investigated as a treatment option in diabetic keratopathy.
Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Acute Fibrinous and Organizing Pneumonia: Two Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Chen Haihong , Kuang Yukun , Huang Xinyan , Ye Ziyin , Liu Yangli , Xie Canmao , Tang Ke-Jing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAcute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) is a rare histologic interstitial pneumonia pattern characterized by the intra-alveolar fibrin deposition and organizing pneumonia. Though a small amount of cases has been reported, its causes and clinical characteristics are still not well known and there is no standard treatment yet. Case presentationWe report two cases with a histological diagnosis of AFOP. Case 1 was idiopathic AFOP and presented with fever, dyspnea, cough, while the case 2 was associated with SLE and fever was her most common symptom. Their chest CT scan revealed bilateral multiple consolidations, predominantly in the lower lobes. Both cases were diagnosed after a second lung biopsy and treated with corticosteroids.ConclusionsWe not only describe two rare AFOP cases but also demonstrate the most comprehensive review to date in AFOP, including 150 patients since 2002. Most common symptoms include dyspnea, cough, and fever. Consolidation was the most common imaging pattern, followed by GGO and nodules. Given the various etiology and nonspecific clinical presentation, AFOP probably had been under diagnosed. Early identification is very important for AFOP management and a lung biopsy is required for a definitive diagnosis. Corticosteroids was recommended to be the most useful therapy, and treatment options should depend on the etiology and disease severity.
Mitochondrial Transfer through Pericardium Contributes to Functional Recovery in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: MORI Daisuke , MIYAGAWA Shigeru , KAWAMURA Takuji , YOSHIOKA Daisuke , HATA Hiroki , UENO Takayoshi , TODA Koichi , KURATANI Toru , OOTA Miwa , KAWAI Kotoe , KURATA Hayato , NISHIDA Hiroyuki , HARADA Akima , TOYOFUKU Toshihiko , SAWA Yoshiki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Although mesenchymal stem cell transplantation has been efficacious in the treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we investigated whether mitochondrial transfer could explain the success of cell therapy in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial transfer was examined in co-cultures of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and rat cardiomyocytes under hypoxic conditions. Functional recovery was monitored in a rat model of myocardial infarction following human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. In vitro, we observed mitochondrial transfer, which required formation of cell-to-cell contacts and synergistically enhanced energy metabolism. Rat cexhibited mitochondrial transfer three days following human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation to the ischemic heart surface post myocardial infarction. We detected donor mitochondrial DNA in the recipient myocardium concomitant with a significant improvement in cardiac function. In conclusion, mitochondrial transfer is vital for successful cell transplantation therapies and promotes improved treatment outcomes in ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Case Report: Trans-Papillary Free Stenting of the Cystic Duct and of the Common Bile Duct in A Double Biliary Ducts Anastomoses of A Right Lobe Living Donor Transplantation
Authors: Gruttadauria Salvatore , Tropea Alessandro , Pagano Duilio , Calamia Sergio , Ricotta Calogero , Bonsignore Pasquale , Petri Sergio Li , Cintorino Davide , Francesco Fabrizio di 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background One of the major issues related to the living donor liver transplantation recipient outcome is still the high rate of biliary complication, especially when multiple biliary ducts are present and multiple anastomoses have to be performed.Case Presentation and Conclusion We report a case of adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation performed for a recipient affected by alcohol-related cirrhosis with MELD score of 17. End-stage liver disease was complicated by refractory ascites, portal hypertension, small esophageal varices and portal gastropathy, hypersplenism, and abundant right pleural effusion. Here in the attached video we described the adult-to-adult LDLT procedures, where a right lobe with two biliary ducts draining respectively the right anterior and the right posterior segments has been transplanted. LDLT required a biliary reconstruction using the native cystic and common bile ducts stented trans-papillary with two 5- French 6 cm long soft silastic catheter. None major complications were detected during post-operative clinical courses. Actually, the donor and the recipient are alive and well.The technique we describe in the video, allow to keep the biliary anastomoses protected and patent without having the risk of creating cholestasis and the need of invasive additional procedure. No living donor right lobe transplantation should be refused because of the presence of multiple biliary ducts.
Long-Term Rainfall Forecast Model Based on The TabNet and LightGbm Algorithm
Authors: Xu Tianyu , Yu Yongchuan , Yan Jianzhuo , Xu Hongxia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Due to the problems of unbalanced data sets and distribution differences in long-term rainfall prediction, the current rainfall prediction model had poor generalization performance and could not achieve good prediction results in real scenarios. This study uses multiple atmospheric parameters (such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, etc.) to establish a TabNet-LightGbm rainfall probability prediction model. This research uses feature engineering (such as generating descriptive statistical features, feature fusion) to improve model accuracy, Borderline Smote algorithm to improve data set imbalance, and confrontation verification to improve distribution differences. The experiment uses 5 years of precipitation data from 26 stations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China to verify the proposed rainfall prediction model. The test set is to predict the rainfall of each station in one month. The experimental results shows that the model has good performance with AUC larger than 92%. The method proposed in this study further improves the accuracy of rainfall prediction, and provides a reference for data mining tasks.
Plasmodium Oocysts Respond With Dormancy to Crowding and Nutritional Stress
Authors: Habtewold Tibebu , Sharma Aayushi , Wyer Claudia , Masters Ellen , Windbichler Nikolai , Christophides George 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Malaria parasites develop as oocysts in the mosquito for several days before they are able to infect a human host. During this time, mosquitoes take regular bloodmeals to replenish their nutrient and energy reserves needed for flight and reproduction. We hypothesized that these bloodmeals are critical for oocyst growth and that experimental infection protocols, typically involving a single bloodmeal at the time of infection, cause nutritional stress to the developing oocysts. Therefore, enumerating oocysts disregarding their growth and differentiation state may lead to erroneous conclusions about the efficacy of transmission blocking interventions. Here, we examine this hypothesis in Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes infected with the human and rodent parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei, respectively. We found that oocyst growth rates decrease at late developmental stages as infection intensities increase; an effect exacerbated at very high infection intensities. Oocyst growth and differentiation are restored with post infection bloodmeals even at high infection intensities. High infection intensities and starvation conditions reduce RNA Polymerase III activity in oocysts unless supplemental bloodmeals are provided. Our results suggest that oocysts respond to crowding and nutritional stress with a dormancy-like strategy, which urges the development of alternative methods to assess the efficacy of transmission blocking interventions.
Quantitative Assessments of Pupillary Light Reflexes in Hospital-Onset Unconsciousness
Authors: Lee Hyunjo , Choi Soh Hyun , Park Bobin , Hong Yoon-Hee , Lee Han-Bin , Jeon Sang-Beom 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPatients who develop hospital-onset unconsciousness should be promptly managed in order to avoid clinical deterioration. Pupillary examination through pupillary light reflex is the mainstay method in the initial evaluation of unconscious patients, but the current method of light shedding and subjective description often shows poor reliability. The objective of this study is to explore whether a quantitative measurement of pupillary light reflexes is useful in detecting brain herniation syndrome and predicting neurological outcomes in non-neurological patients who developed hospital-onset unconsciousness.MethodsThis was a registry-based observational study on patients who activated the neurological rapid response team at Asan Medical Center (Seoul, Korea). Hospital-onset unconsciousness was defined as a newly developed stupor or comatose state during admission. Demographics, comorbidities, pupillometry parameters including Neurological Pupil index, brain herniation syndrome, in-hospital mortality, and modified Rankin Scale at 3-months were analyzed.ResultsIn 214 consecutive patients with hospital-onset unconsciousness, 37 (17%) had brain herniation syndrome. The optimal cut-off value of Neurological Pupil index for detecting brain herniation syndrome was < 1.6 (specificity, 91% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 86−95]; sensitivity, 49% [95% CI = 32−66]). The in-hospital mortality rate was 28% (59/214); the Neurological Pupil index was negatively associated with in-hospital mortality after adjustments for the presence of brain herniation syndrome (adjusted odds ratio = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.62–0.96). Poor neurological outcomes (modified Rankin Scale ≥ 4) at 3 months was observed in 76% (152/201) of the patients; the Neurological Pupil index was negatively associated with poor neurological outcomes after adjustments for clinical variables (adjusted odds ratio = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.49–0.90). ConclusionsQuantitative measurements of pupillary light reflexes may be useful for early detection of potentially life-threatening neurological conditions in patients with hospital-onset unconsciousness.