bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Mirror Neuron System (MNS) Activation During Action Observation with and without Social-Emotional Components in Autism: A Meta-Analysis of Neuroimaging Studies
Authors: Chan Melody M.Y. , Han Yvonne M.Y. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Impaired imitation has been found to be an important factor contributing to social communication deficits in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It has been hypothesized that the neural correlate of imitation, the mirror neuron system (MNS), is dysfunctional in ASD, resulting in imitation impairment as one of the key behavioral manifestations in ASD. Previous MNS studies produced inconsistent results, leaving the debate of whether mirror neurons are “broken” in ASD unresolved. Methods This meta-analysis aimed to explore the differences in MNS activation patterns between typically developing (TD) and ASD individuals when they observe biological motions with or without social-emotional components. Effect-size signed differential mapping (ES-SDM) was adopted to synthesize the available fMRI data. Results ES-SDM analysis revealed hyperactivation in the right inferior frontal gyrus and left supplementary motor area in ASD during observation of biological motions. Subgroup analysis of experiments involving the observation of stimuli with or without emotional component revealed hyperactivation in the left inferior parietal lobule and left supplementary motor during action observation without emotional components, whereas hyperactivation of right inferior frontal gyrus was found during action observation with emotional components in ASD. Subgroup analyses of age showed hyperactivation of bilateral inferior frontal gyrus in ASD adolescents, while hyperactivation in the right inferior frontal gyrus was noted in ASD adults. Meta-regression within ASD individuals indicated that right cerebellum crus I activation increased with age, while left inferior temporal gyrus activation decreased with age. Limitations This meta-analysis is limited in its generalization of the findings to individuals with ASD by the restricted age range, heterogeneous study sample, and the large within-group variation in MNS activation patterns during object observation. Furthermore, we only included action observation studies which might limit the generalization of our results to the imitation deficits in ASD. In addition, the relatively small sample size for individual studies might also potentially overestimate the effect sizes. Conclusion The MNS is impaired in ASD. The abnormal activation patterns were found to be modulated by the nature of stimuli and age, which might explain the contradictory results from earlier studies on the “broken mirror neuron” debate.
LINC01006 facilitates cell proliferation, migration and invasion in prostate cancer through targeting miR-34a-5p to up-regulate DAAM1
Authors: Ma Enhui , Wang Qianqian , Li Jinhua , Zhang Xinqi , Guo Zhenjia , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a kind of malignancy occurring in the prostate gland. Substantial researches have proved the major role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in PCa. However, the role of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1006 (LINC01006) in PCa has not been investigated yet.Methods: RT-qPCR was used to examine the expression levels of LINC01006 and its downstream targets. The function of LINC01006 in PCa was tested by in vitro and in vivo assays. With application of RNA pull down, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and luciferase reporter assays, the interaction among LINC01006, miR-34a-5p and disheveled associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (DAAM1) were verified.Results: LINC01006 expression presented high in PCa cell lines. LINC01006 silencing suppressed cell proliferative, migratory, invasive capacities while accelerated apoptotic rate. Besides, LINC01006 knockdown also suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, miR-34a-5p, a tumor suppressor in PCa, was sponged by LINC01006. Moreover, DAAM1 was targeted by miR-34a-5p and promoted PCa progression. More intriguingly, rescue assays suggested that the inhibitory effect of LINC01006 knockdown on PCa development was offset by DAAM1 overexpression.Conclusions: LINC01006 promoted PCa progression by sponging miR-34a-5p to up-regulate DAAM1, providing a novel target for PCa therapy.
Intervening up-regulated SLC7A5 could mitigate inflammatory mediator by mTOR-P70S6K signal in rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes.
Authors: Xu Jing , Jiang Congshan , Cai Yongsong , Guo Yuanxu , Wang Xipeng , Zhang Jiaxiang , Xu Jiawen , Xu Ke , Zhu Wenhua , Wang Si , Zhang Fujun , Geng Manman , Han Yan , Ning Qilan , Xu Peng , Meng Liesu , Lu Shemin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: The disruption of metabolic events and changes to nutrient and oxygen availability due to sustained inflammation in RA increases the demand of bioenergetic and biosynthetic processes within the damaged tissue. The current study aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms of SLC7A5 (amino acid transporter) in synoviocytes of RA patients.Methods: Synovial tissues were obtained from OA and RA patients. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) were isolated and SLC7A5 expression was examined by using RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. RNAi and antibody blocking treatments were used to knockdown SLC7A5 expression or to block its transporter activities. mTOR activity assay and MMPs expression levels were monitored in RA FLS under amino acid deprivation or nutrient rich conditions. Results: RA FLS displayed significantly upregulated expression of SLC7A5 compared to OA FLS. Cytokine IL-1β was found to play a crucial role in up-regulating SLC7A5 expression via NF-κB pathway. Intervening SLC7A5 expression with RNAi or blocking its function by monoclonal antibody ameliorated MMP3 and MMP13 protein expression. Conversely, up regulation of SLC7A5 or tryptophan supplementation enhanced mTOR-P70S6K signals which promoted the protein translation of MMP3 and MMP13 in RA FLS.Conclusion: Activated NF-κB pathway up-regulates SLC7A5, which enhances mTOR-P70S6K activity and MMP3 and MMP13 expression in RA FLS.
Pancreatic duct guidewire placement for biliary cannulation as a risk factor for stone residue after endoscopic transpapillary stone removal
Authors: Fujita Akashi , Nakahara Kazunari , Michikawa Yosuke , Morita Ryo , Suetani Keigo , Sato Junya , Igarashi Yosuke , Araki Ryuichiro , Ikeda Hiroki , Matsunaga Kotaro , Watanabe Tsunamasa , Itoh Fumio 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Recent improvements in stone extraction implements and apparatus have lessened the complexity of the endoscopic bile duct stone treatment. However, despite confirmation of complete removal, cases of residual stones have been reported, which can result in recurrent biliary symptoms, cholangitis, and pancreatitis and considerably increase cost given the need for repeat imaging and/or procedures. To date, risk factors for residual bile duct stones following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) extraction have not been thoroughly evaluated. This study retrospectively investigated the incidence and risk factors of residual bile duct stones following extraction via ERCP. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all ERCP cases that underwent endoscopic bile duct stone extraction between April 2014 and March 2019. A total of 505 patients were enrolled and evaluated for the incidence and risk factors of residual bile duct stones after ERCP. Results: The rate of residual stones was 4.8% (24/505). Residual stones were detected by computed tomography (12/24) or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (12/24). In univariate analyses, a large number of stones (P = 0.01), long procedure time (P = 0.005), and performance of the pancreatic duct guidewire placement method (P-GW) for selective bile duct cannulation (P = 0.01) were the factors involved in residual stones. In multiple logistic regression analysis, performing P-GW was retained as the only independent factor of residual stones (adjusted odds ratio, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.19–9.88; P = 0.02). Conclusions: When removing bile duct stones with a pancreatic guidewire in place, paying attention to residual stones is necessary.
Tiotropium/Olodaterol Treatment Reduces Cigarette Smoke Extract-induced Cell Death in BEAS-2B Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Chen Cheng-Hsiung , Li Yi-Rong , Lin Sheng-Hao , Chang Hsiu-Hui , Chai Woei-Horng , Chan Po-Chiang , Lin Ching-Hsiung 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoking is a critical risk factor for the destruction of lung parenchyma or the development of emphysema, which is characteristic of COPD. Disruption of epithelial layer integrity may contribute to lung injury following cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure. Tiotropium/olodaterol acts as a bronchodilator for COPD treatment; however, the effect of dual bronchodilators on epithelial cell injury and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of tiotropium/olodaterol on CSE-mediated cell death and the underlying mechanisms.Methods: Cell viability was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy were evaluated using flow cytometry. Autophagy-related protein, phosphorylated ERK, expression was determined using Western blotting.Results: Tiotropium/olodaterol significantly inhibited CSE-induced cell death, mitochondria dysfunction, and autophagy, which had no significant effect on apoptosis or necrosis in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells. Moreover, tiotropium/olodaterol attenuated CSE-induced upregulation of JNK.Conclusions: CSE induced cell death and caused consistent patterns of autophagy and JNK activation in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells. Tiotropium/olodaterol treatment protected bronchial epithelial cells from CSE-induced injury and inhibited activation of autophagy and upregulation of JNK phosphorylation. These results indicate that tiotropium/olodaterol may protect epithelial cells from the deleterious effects of CSE exposure, which is associated with the regulation of autophagy and JNK activation.
The diagnostic power of CD117, CD13, CD56, CD64, and MPO in rapid screening acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Tran Vinh Thanh , Phan Thang Thanh , Mac Hong-Phuoc , Tran Tung Thanh , Ho Toan Trong , Pho Suong Phuoc , Nguyen Van-Anh Ngoc , Vo Truc-My , Nguyen Hue Thi , Le Thao Thi , Vo Tin Huu , Nguyen Son Truong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: The same immuno-phenotype between HLA-DR-negative acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) causes APL rapid screening to become difficult. This study aimed to identify the associated antigens for APL and the best model in clinical uses.Results: A total of 36 APL (PML-RARA+) and 29 HLA-DR-negative non-APL patients enrolled in this study. When a cut-off point of 20% events was applied to define positive or negative status, APL and non-APL patients share a similar immuno-phenotype of CD117, CD34, CD11b, CD13, CD33, and MPO (P>0.05). However, expression intensity of CD117 (P=0.002), CD13 (P<0.001), CD35 (P<0.001), CD64 (P<0.001), and MPO (P<0.001) in APL are significantly higher while CD56 (P=0.049) is lower than in non-APL subjects. The Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) analysis identified CD117 (≥49% events), CD13 (≥88% events), CD56 (≤25% events), CD64 (≥42% events), and MPO (≥97% events) antigens as an optimal model for APL diagnosis. A combination of these factors resulted in an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.98 together with 91.7% sensitivity and 93.1% specificity, which is better than individual markers (AUC were 0.76, 0.84, 0.65, 0.82, and 0.85, respectively) (P=0.001).
Impact of the Q.Clear reconstruction algorithm on the interpretation of PET/CT images in patients with lymphoma
Authors: Wyrzykowski Michał , Siminiak Natalia , Kaźmierczak Maciej , Ruchała Marek , Czepczyński Rafał 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background. Q.Clear is a new Bayesian penalized-likelihood PET reconstruction algorithm. It has been documented that Q.Clear increases the SUVmax values of different malignant lesions. Purpose. As SUVmax values are crucial for interpretation of PET/CT images in patients with lymphoma, particularly when early and final responses to treatment are evaluated. The aim of the study was to systematically analyse the impact of the use of Q.Clear on interpretation of PET/CT in patients with lymphoma.Methods. A total of 280 18F-FDG PET/CT scans in patients with lymphoma were performed for staging (sPET), for early treatment response (iPET), after the end of treatment (ePET) and when a relapse of lymphoma was suspected (rPET). Scans were separately reconstructed with two algorithms, Q.Clear and OSEM, and further compared.Results. The stage of lymphoma was concordantly diagnosed in 69/70 patients with both algorithms on sPET. Discordant assessment of the Deauville score (p<0.001) was found in 11 cases (15.7%) of 70 iPET scans and in 11 cases of 70 ePET scans. An upgrade from a negative to a positive scan by Q.Clear occurred in 3 cases (4.3%) of iPET scans and 7 cases (10.0%) of ePET. The results of all 70 r-PET scans were concordant. The SUVmax values of the target lymphoma lesions measured with Q.Clear were higher than those measured with OSEM in 88.8% of scans. Conclusion. Although the Q.Clear algorithm may alter interpretations of PET/CT in only a small proportion of patients, we recommend using standard OSEM reconstruction for the assessment of treatment response.
Characteristics of Criminal Cases against Physicians Charged with Opioid-Related Offenses Reported in the US News Media, 1995-2019
Authors: Berman Julia B , Li Guohua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Pharmaceutical companies and drug distributors are intensely scrutinized in numerous lawsuits for their role in instigating the opioid epidemic. Many individual physicians have also been held accountable for activities related to prescribing opioid medications. The purpose of this study was to examine the epidemiologic patterns of criminal cases against physicians charged with opioid-related offenses reported in the US news media. Methods: We searched the Nexis Uni® database for news media reports on physicians who had been arrested, indicted or criminally charged for illegally prescribing opioids between January 1995 and December 2019. Data collected from the news media reports include defendant’s age, sex, clinical specialty, type of crime and legal consequences. Results: The annual number of criminal cases against physicians charged with opioid-related offenses reported in the US news media increased from 0 in 1995 to 42 in 2019. Of the 372 physician defendants in these criminal cases, 90.1% were male, 27.4% were 65 years and older, and 23.4% were charged in Florida. Of the 358 physician defendants with known clinical specialty, 245 (68.4%) practiced in internal medicine, family medicine, or pain management. Drug trafficking was the most commonly convicted crime (accounting for 54.2% of all convicted cases), followed by fraud (19.1%), money laundering (11.0%) and manslaughter (5.6%). Of the 244 convicted physicians with known sentences, 85.0% were sentenced to prison with an average prison term of 127.3 ± 120.3 months.Conclusions: The US news media has reported on an increasing number of opioid-related criminal cases against physicians from a wide variety of clinical specialties. The most commonly convicted crime in these cases is drug trafficking, followed by fraud, money laundering, and manslaughter.
Using short read sequencing to characterise balanced reciprocal translocations in pigs
Authors: Bouwman Aniek C. , Derks Martijn F.L. , Broekhuijse Marleen L.W.J. , Harlizius Barbara , Veerkamp Roel F. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background A balanced constitutional reciprocal translocation (RT) is a mutual exchange of terminal segments of two non-homologous chromosomes without any loss or gain of DNA in germline cells. Carriers of balanced RTs are viable individuals with no apparent phenotypical consequences. These animals produce, however, unbalanced gametes and show therefore reduced fertility and offspring with congenital abnormalities. This cytogenetic abnormality is usually detected using chromosome staining techniques. The aim of this study was to test the possibilities of using paired end short read sequencing for detection of balanced RTs in boars and investigate their breakpoints and junctions. Results Balanced RTs were recovered in a blinded analysis, using structural variant calling software DELLY, in 6 of the 7 carriers with 30 fold short read paired end sequencing. In 15 non-carriers we did not detect any RTs. Reducing the coverage to 20 fold, 15 fold and 10 fold showed that at least 20 fold coverage is required to obtain good results. One RT was not detected using the blind screening, however, a highly likely RT was discovered after unblinding. This RT was located in a repetitive region, showing the limitations of short read sequence data. The detailed analysis of the breakpoints and junctions suggested three junctions showing microhomology, three junctions with blunt-end ligation, and three micro-insertions at the breakpoint junctions. The RTs detected also showed to disrupt genes. Conclusions We conclude that paired end short read sequence data can be used to detect and characterize balanced reciprocal translocations, if sequencing depth is at least 20 fold coverage. However, translocations in repetitive areas may require large fragments or even long read sequence data.
Insights on mental health when living with rheumatoid arthritis: A descriptive qualitative study of threads on the Reddit website
Authors: Park Jamie Yea Eun , Howren Alyssa M. , Davidson Eileen , De Vera Mary A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Reddit is a highly visited social news and discussion website where individuals anonymously ask questions, post opinions and share experiences, which provide a valuable pool of publicly available data. Our objective was to systematically search and analyze threads on the social news website, Reddit, to understand experiences of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) regarding their mental health. Methods: We conducted a patient-oriented descriptive qualitative study. We identified threads from two subreddits, “r/Thritis” and “r/Rheumatoid”, using keywords such as “mood”, “mental health”, “stressed”, “depressed”, “anxious” over a 1-year period between June 2018 and June 2019. For included threads, we extracted the title, original post, and corresponding comments and responses. We applied thematic analysis using an inductive approach. Results: Of 81 threads identified, we included 27. We identified four themes: 1) Navigating the management of RA explores how the physical impacts of the disease, lack of health resources/support and the complexity of medications affect mental health; 2) Experiencing impact on relationships and social isolation includes experiencing misconceptions of RA, feeling misunderstood and feeling guilt; 3) Experiencing loss , touches on the helplessness brought by challenges with performing self-defining activities such as self-care, work, and childbearing/parenting; and finally, 4) Experiencing emotional struggles captures how tension between fighting through and despair has led some to suicide ideation and thoughts of death. Conclusions: Online forums and communities such as Reddit have created opportunities for individuals with RA to share experiences on mental health matters, which they may not necessarily be able to share with others.
Knowledge about syphilis and its oral manifestations among dental students: a cross-sectional study from Brazil, 2019
Authors: Filho Antonio Carlos Pacheco , Garbin Artênio José Isper , Pires Natália Cupertino , Pacheco Karina Tonini dos Santos , Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Clinical manifestations of the syphilis can occur in the mouth and in the perioral region. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge about syphilis and its oral manifestations among dental students and to discuss the role of the dentist in prevention and control of this disease. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 171 dentistry students enrolled in the second, third, fourth and fifth years in the first semester of 2019 from the Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Data collection was performed by a questionnaire containing 16 questions answered by students in classroom. Analyses of absolute and relative frequency were performed. To perform association among variables, the Chi-square test (or Fisher's exact test with Yates correction) was performed with 5% significance level. Results: Overall, 169 students participated in the study. Only 40 (46.4%) students correctly answered the question about disease stages. Almost all participants answered that syphilis has oral manifestations; however, only 44 (25.7%) answered the question correctly. Regarding differential diagnoses of other oral lesions, only 63 (37.3%) reported knowledge on this subject. There was a statistically significant association between student’s educational level and knowledge about the etiological agent (p<0.0001), clinical manifestations (p<0.0001), disease stages (p<0.0001), oral manifestations (p<0.0001) and drugs (p = 0.005) related to the disease. Conclusions: Participants showed important gaps in their knowledge about syphilis and its oral manifestations. Our findings, together with the increased number of new cases of the disease in the world, reinforce the need for training dental professionals with knowledge about early diagnosis, effective treatment and follow-up of syphilis cases.
Palliative Care in the Pre-Hospital Service In Brazil: Experiences of Health Professionals
Authors: Boaventura Jacqueline Resende , Pessalacia Juliana Dias Reis , Ribeiro Aridiane Alves , de Souza Fabiana Bolela , Neto Priscila Kelly da Silva , Marinho Maristela Rodrigues 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: An integrated care network between emergency, specialized and primary care services can prevent repeated hospitalizations and the institutionalized death of terminally ill patients in palliative care (PC). To identify the perception of professionals in a pre-hospital care (PHC) service about the outcomes of the assistance provided to patients eligible for PC. Methods: Study with a qualitative approach, of interpretative nature, based on the perspective of Ricouer's Dialectical Hermeneutics. Results: Three central themes emerged out of the professionals' speeches: (1) unpreparedness of the team, (2) decision making, and (3) dysthanasia. Conclusions: It is necessary to invest in professional training associated with PC in the home context and its peculiarities, adopt a specific policy for PC that involves all levels of care, including PHC, and adopt a unified information system, as well as more effective procedures that favor the respect for the patients' will, without generating dissatisfaction to the team and the family.