bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-27 enhances the lymphocyte mediated innate resistance to primary hookworm infection in the lungs
Authors: Noon Jason B. , Sharma Arjun , Platten Johannes , Quinton Lee J. , Reinhardt Christoph , Bosmann Markus 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInterleukin-27 (IL-27) is a heterodimeric cytokine of the IL-12 family, formed by non-covalent association of the promiscuous EBI3 subunit and selective p28 subunit. IL-27 is produced by mononuclear phagocytes and unfolds pleiotropic immune-modulatory functions through high affinity ligation to IL-27 receptor alpha (IL-27RA). While IL-27 is known to contribute to immunity and to end inflammation following numerous types of infections, its relevance for host defense against multicellular parasites is still poorly defined. Here, we investigated the role of IL-27 during infection with the soil-transmitted hookworm,Nippostrongylus brasiliensis,in its early intrapulmonary life cycle. IL-27(p28) was detectable in broncho-alveolar lavage fluids of C57BL/6J wild type mice on day 1 after subcutaneousN. brasiliensisinoculation. The expression of IL-27RA was most abundant on lung invading γδ T cells followed by CD8+T cells, CD4+T cells and NK cells. IL-27RA was weakly present on CD19+B cells and absent on neutrophils, alveolar macrophages and eosinophils. Il27ra−/−mice showed increased parasite burden together with aggravated pulmonary hemorrhage and higher alveolar albumin leakage as a surrogate for disruption of the epithelial/vascular barrier. Conversely, recombinant mouse IL-27 injections of wild type mice reduced parasite burdens and lung injury. In multiplex screens, we identified higher airway accumulations of IL-6, TNFα and MCP-3 (CCL7) in Il27ra−/−mice, while rmIL-27 treatment showed a reciprocal effect. Finally, γδ T cell infiltration of the airways required endogenous IL-27 expression. In summary, this report demonstrates protective functions of IL-27 to control the early larval stage of hookworm infection in the lungs.
A dynamic gradient architecture generates brain activity states
Authors: Brown Jesse A. , Lee Alex J. , Pasquini Lorenzo , Seeley William W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA central goal of systems neuroscience is to determine the functional-anatomical basis of brain-wide activity dynamics. While brain activity patterns appear to be low-dimensional and guided by spatial gradients, the set of gradients remains provisional and their mode of interaction is unclear. Here we applied deep learning-based dimensionality reduction to task-free fMRI images to derive an intrinsic latent space of human brain activity. Each dimension represented a discrete, dynamically fluctuating spatial activity gradient. The principal dimension was a novel unipolar sensory-association gradient underlying the global signal. A small set of gradients appeared to underlie key functional connectomics phenomena. Different task activation patterns were generated by gradients adopting task-specific configurations. Dynamical systems modelling revealed that gradients interact via state-specific coupling parameters, allowing accurate forecasts and simulations of task-specific brain activity. Together, these findings indicate that a small set of dynamic, interacting gradients create the repertoire of possible brain activity states.
Plasma membrane nano-organization specifies phosphoinositide effects on Rho-GTPases and actin dynamics in tobacco pollen tubes
Authors: Fratini Marta , Krishnamoorthy Praveen , Stenzel Irene , Riechmann Mara , Bacia Kirsten , Heilmann Mareike , Heilmann Ingo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPollen tube growth requires coordination of cytoskeletal dynamics and apical secretion. The regulatory phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) is enriched in the subapical plasma membrane of pollen tubes and can influence both actin dynamics and secretion. How alternative PtdIns(4,5)P2-effects are specified is unclear. Spinning disc microscopy (SD) reveals dual distribution of a fluorescent PtdIns(4,5)P2-reporter in dynamic plasma membrane nanodomains vs. apparent diffuse membrane labelling, consistent with spatially distinct coexisting pools of PtdIns(4,5)P2. Several PI4P 5-kinases (PIP5Ks) can generate PtdIns(4,5)P2in pollen tubes. Despite localizing to one membrane region, AtPIP5K2 and NtPIP5K6 display distinctive overexpression effects on cell morphologies, respectively related to altered actin dynamics or membrane trafficking. When analyzed by SD, AtPIP5K2-EYFP associated with nanodomains, whereas NtPIP5K6-EYFP localized diffusely. Chimeric AtPIP5K2 and NtPIP5K6 variants with reciprocally swapped membrane-associating domains evoked reciprocally shifted effects on cell morphology upon overexpression. Overall, PI4P 5-kinase variants targeted to nanodomains stabilized actin, suggesting a specific function of PtdIns(4,5)P2-nanodomains. A distinct role of nanodomain-associated AtPIP5K2 in actin regulation is further supported by proximity to and interaction with the Rho-GTPase NtRac5, and by functional interplay with elements of ROP-signalling. Plasma membrane nano-organization may thus aid the specification of PtdIns(4,5)P2-functions to coordinate cytoskeletal dynamics and secretion in pollen tubes.
Evidence of interaction between humoral immunity and drug half-life in determining treatment outcome for artemisinin combination therapy in high transmission settings in western Kenya
Authors: Andagalu Ben , Lu Pinyi , Onyango Irene , Bergmann-Leitner Elke , Wasuna Ruth , Odhiambo Geoffrey , Chebon-Bore Lorna J. , Ingasia Luicer A. , Juma Dennis W. , Opot Benjamin , Cheruiyot Agnes , Yeda Redemptah , Okudo Charles , Okoth Raphael , Chemwor Gladys , Campo Joseph , Wallqvist Anders , Akala Hoseah M. , Ochiel Daniel , Ogutu Bernhards , Chaudhury Sidhartha , Kamau Edwin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe role of humoral immunity on the efficacy of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) has not been investigated, yet naturally acquired immunity is key determinant of antimalarial therapeutic response. We conducted a therapeutic efficacy study in high transmission settings of western Kenya, which showed artesunate-mefloquine (ASMQ) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) were more efficacious than artemether-lumefantrine (AL). To investigate the underlying prophylactic mechanism, we compared a broad range of humoral immune responses in cohort I study participants treated with ASMQ or AL, and applied machine-learning (ML) models using immunoprofile data to analyze individual participants’ treatment outcome. We showed ML models could predict treatment outcome for ASMQ but no AL with high (72-92%) accuracy. Simulated PK profiling provided evidence demonstrating specific humoral immunity confers protection in the presence of sub-therapeutic residual mefloquine concentration. We concluded patient humoral immunity and partner drug interact to provide long prophylactic effect of ASMQ.
The legal rights of workers and volunteers at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe
Authors: Middlemiss Sam 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Against the background of the biggest arts festival in the world, there have been some shocking findings recently about the treatment of performers and other workers at the Fringe. The purpose of this paper is to consider the type of treatment a significant number of Fringe workers experience and how it might be dealt with under the law. The mistreatment of workers includes being: required to work excessively long hours, paid low wages or no wages, subject to sexual or street harassment, lookism, ageism or deprivation of other employment rights. What is unusual about Fringe workers is they normally only work for a short time (often a maximum of two months). Also, in respect of performers and other theatre workers, they might be inclined to work on a voluntary, unpaid basis to gain the necessary experience to kickstart their careers. Employers will often be theatrical promoters in charge of productions at a number of venues. This paper highlights the issues surrounding working at the Fringe and identifies the employment law issues for its workers. This involves identifying likely breaches of legislation under the civil law and contract law by employers. Also, the consideration of how the criminal law could apply to the treatment of workers is undertaken. Finally, it involves an analysis of how the rights of Fringe workers could be better protected. The findings and recommendations in this paper will have application to any situation where someone is employed as a volunteer or worker in an artistic setting on a short-term basis.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is a review of sources drawn from articles in law journals, newspapers, etc.

Findings
The findings of this paper suggest that there is a need for reform of the law.

Research limitations/implications
This paper focuses on improving the rights of Fringe workers who have a history of being neglected or abused.

Practical implications
This paper ensures improved rights for Fringe workers.

Social implications
This paper analyses issues that are relevant for all workers in the arts at festivals, etc., throughout the UK.

Originality/value
This paper is extremely original.
Master-slave control and evaluation of force sensing for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Li Kun , Ji Shuai , Niu Guojun , Ai Yue , Pan Bo , Fu Yili 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Existing robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS) system lacks of force feedback, and it cannot provide the surgeon with interaction forces between the surgical instruments and patient’s tissues. This paper aims to restore force sensation for the RMIS system and evaluate effect of force sensing in a master-slave manner.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents a four-DOF surgical instrument with modular joints and six-axis force sensing capability and proposes an incremental position mode master–slave control strategy based on separated position and orientation to reflect motion of the end of master manipulator to the end of surgical instrument. Ex-vivo experiments including tissue palpation and blunt dissection are conducted to verify the effect of force sensing for the surgical instrument. An experiment of trajectory tracking is carried out to test precision of the control strategy.

Findings
Results of trajectory tracking experiment show that this control strategy can precisely reflect the hand motion of the operator, and the results of the ex-vivo experiments including tissue palpation and blunt dissection illustrate that this surgical instrument can measure the six-axis interaction forces successfully for the RMIS.

Originality/value
This paper addresses the important role of force sensing and force feedback in RMIS, clarifies the feasibility to apply this instrument prototype in RMIS for force sensing and provides technical support of force feedback for further clinical application.
A novel technique for evaluating and ranking green airlines: benchmarking-base comparison
Authors: Alkhatib Saleh Fahed , Migdadi Yazan Khalid Abed-Allah 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate and rank green airlines by proposing a novel approach that integrates different multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques.Design/methodology/approachThree MCDM techniques were adopted: Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) addressed the impact relationships between Airline Green Operations (AGOs) and classified them into cause and effect; analytical hierarchy process (AHP) prioritized these actions and found their global and local weights; and Techniques to Order Preferences by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) used the weighted actions to evaluate and rank 20 green airlines as a case study.FindingsDEMATEL outcomes provide the first AGOs impact relationships map (IRM), classify AGOs into cause and effect actions and provide better understanding how these green operations affect each other. According to the AHP outcomes, “GHG1and fuel” and “GHG2 and Energy” were the most important set of actions, respectively. Finally, a new evaluation and ranking for 20 green airlines has been presented.Practical implicationsThe AGOs IRM provides a better understanding of the airline green operations and how they affect each other. The new evaluation and ranking technique helps airlines to identify their green strength and weakness areas and supports their sustainability processes.Originality/valueThe increasing importance of AGOs evaluation and analysis highlights the importance of green airlines studies like this one. This study analyzed AGOs, their impact relationships, developed their IRM and provided a new worldwide green airline benchmarking base.
Quality, understandability and actionability of online patient education material about hypertension
Authors: Ab Hamid Mohd Ramadan , Mohd Isamudin Mastura , Buhari Siti Sabariah , Khairul Ikram Emmy Hainida 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the value of websites accessible to patients looking for Web-based information regarding hypertension management.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional research was carried out by finding out Malay and English language websites about hypertension. For this purpose, the keywords “hypertension and treatment” were entered on the Yahoo, Google, Ask.com, Bing and DuckDuckGo search engines, and the first five pages of the results obtained were inspected. The DISCERN tool was deployed for evaluating the quality of information. The actionability and understandability were assessed through the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT). Eight assessors were asked to assess and grade the involved websites.

Findings
Of the 216 websites, eight (4.0%) conformed to the inclusion norms. All websites were classified into private, 4 (50%); government, 2 (25%) and personal, 2 (25%). The general rating of the eight websites was good (mean 51.6 ± 8.2 on a 75-point scale); however, half of the websites were rated as fair (mean 45.3 ± 3.1 on a 75-point scale). All websites conformed to the standard score of ≥70% for understandability (mean 76.1 ± 11.4), but none for actionability (mean 52.8 ± 13.9). Analysis of variance indicated there was no statistical difference with regards to quality (p = 0.525), understandability (p = 0.484) and actionability (p = 0.188) among the three website sets.

Originality/value
Considering the surplus of websites dedicated to information on hypertension, an independent assessment of the quality of these websites will be advantageous. Patients should be rendered high understandability, quality and actionability to evade deceptive online information.
Leader-member exchange and subjective well-being: the moderating role of metacognitive cultural intelligence
Authors: Le Huong , Jiang Zhou , Radford Katrina 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis study examines employees' metacognitive cultural intelligence as a moderator in the relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX) and employees' subjective well-being.Design/methodology/approachWe tested the conceptual model using regression analysis from a sample of 462 migrant workers in Australia.FindingsThe results demonstrated that employees' metacognitive cultural intelligence moderated the relationship between LMX and employees' subjective well-being in such a way that the effect was stronger among those employees with lower levels of metacognitive cultural intelligence.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional design, with self-reporting at one point in time, could affect a causal relationship among variables, although each relationship was built on strong theoretical perspectives. However, prior research emphasizes that a single source is not considered to be an issue when interactions are examined.Practical implicationsOne way to improve metacognitive cultural intelligence for global leadership effectiveness could be through the introduction of diversity and cross-cultural training, such as didactic programs provided either in-house or by external institutions.Originality/valueDrawing on Conservation of Resources theory, this paper contributes to the literature by demonstrating that employees' metacognitive cultural intelligence is a boundary condition that alters the strengths of the LMX–subjective well-being relationship.
Speculate a lot
Authors: Tang Edward C. H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile the residential and commercial property markets in Hong Kong are extensively discussed, little attention is paid to the carpark market. This work contributes to fill the research gap in three ways. First, it provides a simple empirical model to explain carpark ratios in residential buildings. Second, it hand collects transaction‐level data and constructs a price index for the carpark market in Hong Kong. Third, it shows that changes in stamp duties increase the volatility in the carpark market. This research may shed light on the current debate on the effectiveness of the stamp duty in stabilizing the real estate market.
Devolving Skills: The Case of the Apprenticeship Grant for Employers*
Authors: Cavaglia Chiara , McNally Sandra , Overman Henry G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOne rationale for devolution is that local decision makers may be well placed to adapt national policies to the local context. We test whether such adaptation helps meet programme objectives in the case of the Apprenticeship Grant for Employers. Originally a national programme, aimed at incentivising employers to take on apprentices, reforms a few years into operation gave some Local Authorities negotiated flexibilities in how the scheme operated. We consider the impact of the national scheme and then use a difference‐in‐differences approach to test whether flexibility led to an increase in the number of apprenticeship starts in devolved areas relative to control groups. We find that flexibility had zero effect. There is suggestive evidence that this is because flexibilities were negotiated on the wrong margins.
Provider networks and health plan premium variation
Authors: Polsky Daniel , Wu Bingxiao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine how plan premiums are associated with physician network breadth, hospital network breadth, and hospital network quality on the Affordable Care Act's Health Insurance Marketplaces in all 50 states and the DC in 2016.Data SourcesData on plan premiums and characteristics came from 2016 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health Insurance Exchange (HIX) Compare. Provider network information was obtained from Vericred. Hospital characteristics were obtained from CMS Hospital Compare and the American Hospital Association (AHA) survey.Study DesignWe analyzed how plan premiums were associated with variations in physician network breadth, hospital network breadth, and hospital network quality using ordinary least square regressions with state‐rating area fixed effects and carrier fixed effects.Principal FindingsPlan premiums were positively associated with physician network breadth and hospital network breadth. We find the following statistically significant results: a one standard deviation increase in physician network breadth was linked to a premium increase of 2.8 percent or $101 per year; a one standard deviation increase in hospital network breadth was linked to a premium increase of 2.4 percent or $86 per year. There was no significant association between premiums and hospital network quality, as measured by hospital star ratings and the inclusion of teaching hospitals or the top‐20 hospitals nationwide.ConclusionsPhysician network breadth and hospital network breadth contributed positively to plan premiums. The roles of the two types of provider network breadth are quantitatively similar. Premiums appear to be insensitive to hospital network quality.
Post‐operative opioid‐related adverse events with intravenous oxycodone compared to morphine: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cuvillon Philippe , Alonso Sandrine , L’Hermite Joel , Reubrecht Vanessa , Zoric Lana , Vialles Nathalie , Luc Faillie Jean , Kouyoumdjian Pascal , Boisson Christope , Raux Mathieu , Langeron Olivier 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe value of intravenous oxycodone compared to morphine remains controversial. The purpose of this trial was to compare opioid‐related adverse events (ORAES) of intravenous oxycodone and morphine after total hip arthroplasty.MethodsPatients scheduled for total hip arthroplasty were enrolled in this study of post‐operative pain treatment with intravenous oxycodone or intravenous morphine (ratio 1:1). After surgery, patients received similar drug regimens for titration in the post‐operative care unit followed by intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA). The primary outcome was the number of patients with ≥1 ORAEs within the first 24 hours defined as either nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, pruritus, urinary retention requiring evacuation, allergy, hallucinations. Secondary outcomes included pain scores and opioid consumption.ResultsThe analysis included 238 patients with similar characteristics. There were 55 patients with at least one ORAEs in the oxycodone group vs 46 in the morphine group: 48% vs 40%, P = .19; relative risk = 1.22 (0.91:1.63). Intravenous oxycodone vs intravenous morphine requirements were respectively (median, IQR): 6 (0‐11) vs 8 (0‐12) mg (P = .06) for titration, 15 (8‐26) vs 8 (5‐16) mg (P = .001) for PCA, and 22 (12‐37) mg vs 19 (11‐28) mg for cumulated intravenous consumption (P = .048). During the first 24 hours, there was no difference in secondary outcomes (oxycodone vs morphine, respectively, in %): nausea (15 vs 13), vomiting (5 vs 5), urinary retention (20 vs 12) or pain scores.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that IV oxycodone did not significantly reduce ORAEs within the first 24 hours compared to similar ratio of IV morphine.
Director expectations gap and hindsight bias
Authors: Bryce Mitchell , Ali Muhammad Jahangir , Mather Paul R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe evaluate the opinions of directors and other stakeholders and show that independent directors (IDs) are facing an expectations gap about their role. The results of an experiment also indicate that business journalists and investors provided lower evaluative judgements of decisions made by IDs than did directors and that evaluative judgements of financial decisions made by IDs were affected by outcome information (hindsight bias). It is important that regulators and the media, as a key information intermediary, remain cognisant of the effects of hindsight bias on their judgements about ID performance, especially after events such as corporate collapses.
Indirect effects of deer on insect pests and soybean plants
Authors: VanGorder Abigail E. , Mahon Michael B. , Penn Hannah J. , Crist Thomas O. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhite‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianusZimmermann) and insect pests negatively affect soybean production; however, little is known about how these herbivores potentially interact to affect soybean yield. Previous studies have shown deer browse on non‐crop plants affects insect density and insect‐mediated leaf damage, which together reduce plant reproductive output. In soybeans, reproductive output is influenced by direct and indirect interactions of different herbivores.Here, we quantified indirect interactions between two groups of herbivores (mammals and insects) and their effects on soybean growth and yield. We examined responses of insect pest communities along a gradient of deer herbivory (29% to 49% browsed stems) in soybean monocultures.Structural equation models showed that deer browse had direct negative effects on soybean plant height and yield. Deer browse indirectly decreased insect‐mediated leaf damage by reducing plant height. Deer browse also indirectly increased pest insect abundance through reductions in plant height. Similarly, deer herbivory had an indirect positive effect on leaf carbon: nitrogen ratios through changes in plant height, thereby decreasing leaf nutrition.These results suggest that pest insect abundance may be greater on soybean plants in areas of higher deer browse, but deer browse may reduce insect herbivory through reduced leaf nutrition.