bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Modified Fuel and Advanced Zeolite-Copper Oxide Nanocomposite Catalytic Converter in a Diesel Generator
Authors: George Kurian , Azeem B A Mohamed , Raju Rijin , Surendran Sujith , Divakaran Neethu , Fazil A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The issue of environmental pollution from diesel engines is a cause of major concern, even though diesel engines provide high thermal efficiency. This problem can be reduced to an extent through the use of modified fuel and catalytic converters. This study focus on improving the energy density of fuel by blending it with metal particles and hence increasing the thermal efficiency and ignition within the combustion chamber. Diesel was blended with nano and micron aluminium particles separately using ultrasonicator. Sorbitan monooleate was used as the surfactant. The catalytic converter was developed by making modification inside the silencer by placing stacks of mesh, which were coated with zeolite copper oxide nanocomposite. The nanocomposite matrix was prepared using copper nitrate solution and zeolite powder in an alcoholic medium, treated with a reducing agent. Engine performance test was carried out separately for both nano and micron aluminium blended diesel in a single cylinder four stroke, air cooled, direct injection Kirloskar engine. The experiment was carried out by varying the load at a constant speed of 1500 rpm to evaluate the performance characteristics. Emissions from the diesel generator fuelled by diesel and modified fuels were recorded by OPAX gas analyser both in the presence and absence of catalytic converter. The results indicated an increase in brake thermal efficiency by 8% and 72% for micro Al blended diesel and nano Al blended diesel respectively, in comparison with ordinary diesel. The emission test using catalytic converter gave 50%, 34% and 17% decrease in CO emission for ordinary diesel, micro-Al blended diesel and nano Al blended diesel respectively.
Optimizing the exhaust emission from logistics and packing industries, by means of green logistics
Authors: Benrajesh P , Rajan A John 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The product packing, is an essential process for preserving the product but it also emits higher percentages of green house gases to the atmosphere, while decomposing it. Therefore, it leads to a new science named ‘Green packing’, which deals with the process of identifying Eco-compatible materials for packing. This article aims at detecting: the high performing packing factor for green house gas emission and also to develop an optimized values for packing enterprises to mitigate the emission. The results achieved shows that packing material selection has a huge influence on green house gas emission.
Methodology for preparing a Cost-Value Stream Map
Authors: Rajesh Menon B , Shalij P R , Kiron K R , Sajith V S , Sreejith J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes the methodology for preparing the Cost Value Stream Map (CVSM) which possesses the advantage of measuring the cost involved and time consumed in the production process stream. A value stream map addresses the value addition process in terms of time domain in a production process. CVSM addresses both the time and cost information simultaneously in a production process. This CVSM method equips the study of the production process in detail and helps to figure out the wastages in the process directly in terms of the cost involved in the production. The cost line added alongside the time line in the modified VSM is a simple tool which can be utilised by lean experts in identifying the wastage in production process in terms of the cost involved. CVSM is prepared by collecting data from company in the prescribed format. All this data thus collected can be consolidated to prepare CVSM. A case study is conducted and a CVSM is prepared in a scaffolding pipe manufacturing unit in Kerala.
Finite Element Analysis of L3-L4 Vertebrae at Various Body Postures Under Osteoporotic Condition
Authors: Resmi S.L , Mohan Ananthu , Firoz N , Hashim V , Dileep P.N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The present study gives detailed quantitative information on the biomechanical behavior of osteoporotic vertebra which can be used in the evaluation of osteoporotic bone fracture. A three -dimensional finite element model has been developed and applied for the analysis of the lumbar L3-L4 disc -body unit under various body postures like normal standing, extension, weight lifting, stoop lift and squat lift. The stress and deformation of disc and vertebrae are compared with the corresponding values at 10% and 20% osteoporotic condition. It is observed that for weight lifting, stoop lifting, and squat lift under 20% osteoporotic condition the maximum value of stress obtained is close to compressive strength of the bone. Also noted that fewer than 20% osteoporotic condition the deformation of the disc is increased to 20.08% under weight lifting postures. Therefore,we come to the conclusion that people at old age should avoid risky postures which result in low back pain or lumbar fracture.
Effect of Heat Input on Micro-Hardness and Shear Strength of Inconel 625 Hardfacing onto AISI 347 Steel pipes by GMAW Process
Authors: Rajkumar V. , Arjunan T.V. , Vasan Adithya , Rajesh Kannan A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Inconel 625 is one of the most accepted hardfacing material having good corrosion resistance properties at high temperature applications. Hardfacing is the deposition of a hard surface layer to the base metal by means of welding. The benefit of hardfacing is resistance to environmental stresses mainly corrosion at elevated temperatures. Thermal input plays a critical role for manufacturing good hardfaced components with respect to weld bead geometry, cooling rate, etc. In the present study, an L9 orthogonal array of input parameters were carried out with different heat input combinations using 98% Argon + 2% CO2 as shielding gas. Single layer hardfacing was done. The bead-on-pipe welding trials and macroscopic analysis were carried out to find the optimal welding parameters that yielded minimum dilution. The hardfaced layer thickness varies from 1.88mm to 2.58mm on substrate following optimum welding parameters. Visual inspection results reveal that most of welds of higher heat input conditions possess good quality. It is visually observed that width of weld increases with increase in welding heat input. It is noticed that in the range of 200-250 mm/min welding speed and 150A of welding current, good reinforcement and weld bead width at optimum penetration is observed in the experiments. Shear strength test and micro-hardness test were performed over test samples prepared from hardfaced part. Results revealed that both micro-hardness and shear strength of the hardfaced layer were more than that of base metal and values of both increased with increase in heat input. The Inconel 625 hardfaced layer exhibited 32 % higher hardness than the substrate material AISI 347.
Dielectric Properties of Eco-friendly Nanofluids
Authors: Bijuna Kunju K , Shemim S.S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Power and energy sector is adopting the modern technology in all science streams for improving the efficiency after the inclusion of distributed generation and smart grids. The key component in power transmission and distribution is a Transformer. Oil filled transformers are used in High Voltage Transmission and Low Voltage Distribution. To improve the operational efficiency of these huge machines, researches are carried out to prepare insulating oils with high dielectric strength. The present work focuses on the enhancement of dielectric properties of natural oil based insulating fluid by modifying with suitable nanoparticles. The available edible oils such as coconut oil, rice bran oil, sesame oil and sunflower oil are chosen for this purpose. Nanoparticles of TiO2, Fe3O4, SiO2, h-BN and Al2O3 are selected as additives. The properties such as Break Down Voltage, Tan delta and Viscosity are compared for different samples. The values obtained has proved the opportunity to develop natural vegetable base oil with nanomaterial like white graphene having superior qualities compared to the mineral based transformer oil.
Modelling and Analysis of a Progressive Cam Tool for Blade Fuse Holder: A Case Study
Authors: Afzal Asif , Sirajuddin Mohammed , Abdul Razak R.K , Chethan K.M , Avinash  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sheet metal segments delivered from press working find wide applications in the territories going from telephonic gadgets to space stations. To design a progressive tool for sheet metal components according to the given details is a testing assignment. This article covers design and modelling of a progressive cam press tool for the component blade fuse holder, which is used in the Printed circuit boards of cars. Few very essential basics of press tools are briefly mentioned. The design and modelling process begins with the careful examination of the component geometry and material specifications. The tool development and modelling of the tool carried out by modelling software Solid Works are provided in detail. Points of interest and detriments of progressive tools over stage tools are additionally spotlighted.
OPTIMAL LAYUP SCHEMES WITH SELECTIVE DISPERSION OF CORE/SHELL MICROPARTICLES IN PLY INTERFACES OF GLASS/EPOXY COMPOSITE LAMINATES FOR LOW VELOCITY IMPACT
Authors: Mubarak Ali M , Joshi Sunil C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The overall objective of the investigation presented in this paper was to study the effect of selective dispersion core/shell microparticles (CSP) within the different ply interfaces on impact damage behaviour of glass/epoxy laminates. These laminates were fabricated with the 30 g/m2 CSP particle areal weight per interface. A series of impact experiments were done with instrumental drop tower device at impact energy of 7.8 J and impactor velocity of 2.4 m/s, which is within a practical low velocity impact range. The analysis of the impact load, contact duration indicates that the presence of CSP particles in the bottom layers has a more pronounced effect on the impact performance improvement as compared to the top layers. In the case of selective dispersion, the presence of particles in the middle plies slightly degrades the performance when compared to the selective dispersion of particles only in top or bottom plies.
Effect of laser power on microhardness of NiCrBSi laser clads deposited on AISI410 stainless steel
Authors: Durge Gaurav , Chandak Aayush , Jaiswal Abhimanyu Kumar , Dumpala Ravikumar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the present experimental study, NiCrBSi alloy was deposited on martensitic stainless steel (AISI 410 grade) using laser cladding technique. High power diode laser (HPDL) was used to obtain good fusion, optimum dilution & crack free single track laser clad by varying laser input power (3200 W, 3600 W & 4000 W) while keeping other processing parameters constant. Powders of NiCrBSi alloy with different wt. % of Ni, Cr, B and Si (50HRC & 60HRC) were used in the current study for the deposition. Pre-heating of the substrate was carried out at around 300°C using oxyacetylene flame before deposition in order to reduce the cracks and porosity. Effect of power on microhardness of laser clad was not prominent in the range of power 3200 to 4000 W). In the case of alloy 1 maximum microhardness 692.2 HV0.3 was observed for power 3600 W, while for alloy 2 with power 3600 W maximum microhardness of as-deposited was 755.1 HV0.3.
Determining the formability of AA5052 sheets in annealed and H32 condition
Authors: Sekhar R Anand 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) is an easy and efficient way of determining the safe region for formability in sheet metals. In this work formability of AA5052 H32 sheets of thickness 1 mm is studied by developing a FLD. Since traditional generation of FLDs requires sophisticated equipment, an attempt has been made to generate FLDs using tensile testing and Erichsen cupping tests. Reduced section tensile samples were prepared with varying notch radius of 10 mm and 12 mm for the test. Tensile testing was carried out on a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) with a maximum capacity of 120 kN. Erichsen cupping tests were carried out on rectangular specimens with length of 90mm and widths of 60, 40, 25 and 10 mm respectively. The process (tensile and Erichsen testing) was repeated for this alloy in the annealed conditions with annealing temperature of 345°C. FLDs were plotted for both as-received and annealed conditions. The annealed samples shows a better formability compared to as received samples.
Polyurea Coated Steel Plates For Blast Mitigation In Armoured Vehicles
Authors: Markose Agesh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Increasing terror attacks and development of Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) has resulted in the development of protective structures for armored personnel vehicles(APV). These shaped plates either deflect or absorb the energy imparted to them. A well designed plate should absorb the energy as much as possible and transmit the least impulse to the vehicle structure. In this context the response of polyurea coated steel plates have recently been explored with the purpose of increasing the effectiveness of these shaped plates. Experimental studies have shown the capability of polyurea coated steel plates in mitigating the blast load. Hence there is scope for a numerical study on the polyurea coated V-shaped steel plates for finding its response. The objective of this study is to conduct FE based analysis of V-shaped steel plates coated with polyurea. The important parameters which affect the response of the plate are the mass of the explosive, the parameters of the V shaped plate and thickness of polyurea layer. The response variables under consideration are the deflection of the plate and imparted impulse. A numerical procedure validated for flat plates coated with polyurea, has been used for the above study. The results are helpful in identifying an optimal structure design for resisting blast loads.
Is context the hidden spanner in the works of educational measurement: exploring the impact of context on mode of learning preferences
Authors: Fitkov-Norris Elena , Yeghiazarian Ara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the VARK learning preferences evaluation tool for evidence of context effect as a result of the questionnaire design using a common scenario stimulus to elicit learning preferences. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) is used to test the overall model fit of a multidimensional hierarchical model which included a context scenario effect and a non-hierarchical model which does not explicitly model a context effect. The results show that half of the scenarios in the VARK learning preferences questionnaire have significant context effect, which in turn introduce response bias. The presence of context response bias in some of the questions offers a possible explanation to the lack of consistent empirical evidence for the existence of preference styles flagged by educators, which contradicts findings from neuroscience and psychology of a convergence effect between learning modality preferences and learning approaches. The findings have significant implications for designers of learning preference tools in particular and educational measurement tools in general as they highlight the risks of the inadvertent introduction of possible response bias when implementing scenario-based evaluation tools.
Musing on extreme quantity values in physics and the problem of removing infinity
Authors: Pavese Franco 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Many physical quantities display range values apparently extending to infinity (unbounded on one or on both sides). In this respect, unit systems and measurement conventions do not place any constraint to their validity for a maximum (or minimum) value. In general, this happens because such extreme values are far from being reached on the earth or yet are reached in experimental settings. Nevertheless, the issue of extreme values (not in the usual mathematical analysis meaning here) is not irrelevant, since the same units are used also in countless fields of physics, chemistry or technology where extreme values do occur—namely, in the description of the universe in one frame, and in pico/nano-scale or particle physics in another. The issue, of direct interest also of measurement science and specifically of metrology, is discussed here illustrating, as an example, our currently accepted concept of temperature, i.e., the kelvin temperature scale based on Lord Kelvin’s second definition, which encompasses the full range between bounds (0, +∞). In general, the occurrence of infinite values in physical equations, such as singularities in the description of black holes, is a painstaking problem that causes many theories to break down and/or being incapable of describing extreme events. Different methods, such as re-normalization (scaling) or logistic/geometrical, have been used in the assessment of physical observables in order to avoid the undesirable infinity.
Aerodynamic loads acting on the M5/ONERA/IAE aeronautical standard model
Authors: Reis M L C C , Souza M S , Araújo M C C , Santos R R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A test campaign to estimate the aerodynamic loads acting on the aeronautical standard model M5/ONERA/IAE is under progress. The model is being tested at the TA-2 subsonic wind tunnel using an external balance. The values of force and moment coefficients and associated uncertainties are evaluated by measuring aerodynamic loads read by the balance sensors and the parameters of the wind tunnel airflow. The campaign is part of an Interlaboratory comparison of results involving other wind tunnel facilities around the world. This paper presents load coefficient curves versus sideslip angle. At TA-2, the uncertainty associated with the pitching coefficient presents the highest value. The dominant contribution comes from the hysteresis.
Multicriteria approach to design of strain gauge force transducers
Authors: Gavrilenkov S I , Gavriushin S S , Godzikovsky V A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Force transducers based on strain gauges are ubiquitous in force measuring equipment. Manufacturers of force transducers have to strive for stronger, cheaper and more accurate force transducers in order to compete successfully on the global market. Transducers have to be designed as fast as possible and require as little experimental work as possible. To that end, a reliable design tool is required. In this paper, we propose a new approach to design of force transducers based on strain gauges. The approach is based on the Parameter Space Investigation method and methods of multicriteria optimization. The transducer’s parameters used as design criteria (output signal at rated load, nonlinearity, etc.) are evaluated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The FEA results are used to find the optimal locations of strain gauges. This method was implemented in the software system for multicriteria design of force transducers based on strain gauges. The system was used to design a novel force transducer and can be used for developing new strain gauge-based force transducers and optimizing the existing ones.
Solving interdisciplinary tasks: the challenge and the ways to surmount it
Authors: Kneller Vladimir Yu. , Fayans Alexandr M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper outlines the first steps on the path to identification and systematization of the types of purposeful activity tasks and to the ways to solve them. The authors have been developing a non-traditional interdisciplinary approach and apply it here to the concept of a task as such. This research area shows a good promise, since it enables the development of a framework for a holistic objective interdisciplinary picture of knowledge in any scientific field. The result of the work is the classification of object types and their characteristics, as well as the classification of the latter in the aspect of their relationship to objective reality. This result points out key directions to the systematization of objects, their related task types, and solution methods.
Reduction of the bias of measurement uncertainty estimates with significant non-linearity of a model equation
Authors: Zakharov I P , Neyezhmakov P I , Botsiura O A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The analysis of the nonlinear model equation is carried out. The nonlinear model equation in a Taylor series is expanded. It is shown that the bias in the estimation of the combined standard uncertainty by using the Law of Propagation of Uncertainty is due to the terms of the expansion of the second degree. To eliminate this bias, it is necessary to take into account the kurtosis of the input quantities distributions. A finite increments method for obtaining reliable estimates of the uncertainties contributions for nonlinear model equations is proposed. A practical example of calculation of comparison loss in microwave power meter calibration by various methods was considered. Estimate of the measurement uncertainty obtained with Law of Propagation of Uncertainty in this case has a bias. The result obtained with the finite increments method coincides with the results obtained using the Monte Carlo method.
Methods for quantitative evaluation of force and technique in competitive sport climbing
Authors: Pandurevic D , Sutor A , Hochradel K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Increasing media attention of and progress in competitive climbing demand for novel solution in sport analysis to accompany and contribute to the evolution of climbing. We present a holistic approach to acquire movements in sport climbing. Knowledge on force and corresponding body motion helps to understand technique, performance and might even lead to injury prevention during training. Our system allows detection of peaks in force on each climbing hand and foot hold while recording the associated body position and motion. To achieve this, we equipped each hold with a three-axis force sensor and combined this with a three-dimensional markerless motion capture system based on a depth camera. Existing methods to determine finger strength and other parameters such as temperature are employed to ensure comparable and repeatable results. In addition, pre-assesement of athletes will be used to evaluate inter- and intra-individual variability among athletes.
Comparison of experimental procedures of a method for continuous friction measurement in airport pavements
Authors: Martins L , Ribeiro A , Alves e Sousa J , Dimas H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper describes a comparison performed between two experimental procedures (with the Grip Tester and the Continuous Friction Measurement Equipment) of the fixed-slip method for longitudinal continuous friction measurement in airport pavements. The measurement framework is described, namely, the experimental testing and the related conformity assessment procedure supported by different friction thresholds. The experimental results of the comparison are presented (raw data, differences between friction estimates and corresponding experimental probability distributions) and its impact on the conformity assessment result is discussed. Conclusions are drawn based on the obtained difference dispersion, instrumental measurement uncertainties and expected difference between the two experimental procedures.
Elastography of vocal folds
Authors: Lamprecht R , Maghzinajafabadi M , Döllinger M , Semmler M , Sutor A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The diagnosis of changes in the structure of the vocal folds is an important clinical task. There is no approach available, which is capable of getting synchronous spatial and biomechanical properties of them. Whereas biomechanical changes, particularly the elasticity, are a good maker for malignant and benign conditions. To gain the elastic characteristics of the vocal folds we are proposing an endoscopic approach using ultrasound elastography.