bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalization of Machine-Learned Turbulent Heat Flux Models Applied to Film Cooling Flows
Authors: Milani Pedro M. , Ling Julia , Eaton John K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The design of film cooling systems relies heavily on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations, which solve for mean quantities and model all turbulent scales. Most turbulent heat flux models, which are based on isotropic diffusion with a fixed turbulent Prandtl number (Prt), fail to accurately predict heat transfer in film cooling flows. In the present work, machine learning models are trained to predict a non-uniform Prt field using various datasets as training sets. The ability of these models to generalize beyond the flows on which they were trained is explored. Furthermore, visualization techniques are employed to compare distinct datasets and to help explain the cross-validation results.
Is running associated with a lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and is the more the better? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pedisic Zeljko , Shrestha Nipun , Kovalchik Stephanie , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Liangruenrom Nucharapon , Grgic Jozo , Titze Sylvia , Biddle Stuart JH , Bauman Adrian E , Oja Pekka 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of running participation and the dose of running with the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesJournal articles, conference papers and doctoral theses indexed in Academic Search Ultimate, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, MasterFILE Complete, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesProspective cohort studies on the association between running or jogging participation and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and/or cancer mortality in a non-clinical population of adults were included.ResultsFourteen studies from six prospective cohorts with a pooled sample of 232 149 participants were included. In total, 25 951 deaths were recorded during 5.5–35 year follow-ups. Our meta-analysis showed that running participation is associated with 27%, 30% and 23% lower risk of all-cause (pooled adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68 to 0.79), cardiovascular (HR=0.70; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.98) and cancer (HR=0.77; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.87) mortality, respectively, compared with no running. A meta-regression analysis showed no significant dose–response trends for weekly frequency, weekly duration, pace and the total volume of running.ConclusionIncreased rates of participation in running, regardless of its dose, would probably lead to substantial improvements in population health and longevity. Any amount of running, even just once a week, is better than no running, but higher doses of running may not necessarily be associated with greater mortality benefits.
Benefits and harms of intensive glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Rodriguez-Gutierrez René , Gonzalez-Gonzalez José Gerardo , Zuñiga-Hernandez Jorge A , McCoy Rozalina G 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Diabetes is a major and costly health concern worldwide, with high morbidity, disability, mortality, and impaired quality of life. The vast majority of people living with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. Historically, the main strategy to reduce complications of type 2 diabetes has been intensive glycemic control. However, the body of evidence shows no meaningful benefit of intensive (compared with moderate) glycemic control for microvascular and macrovascular outcomes important to patients, with the exception of reduced rates of non-fatal myocardial infarction. Intensive glycemic control does, however, increase the risk of severe hypoglycemia and incurs additional burden by way of polypharmacy, side effects, and cost. Additionally, data from cardiovascular outcomes trials showed that cardiovascular, kidney, and mortality outcomes may be improved with use of specific classes of glucose lowering drugs largely independently of their glycemic effects. Therefore, delivering evidence based, patient centered care to people with type 2 diabetes requires a paradigm shift and departure from the predominantly glucocentric view of diabetes management. Instead of prioritizing intensive glycemic control, the focus needs to be on ensuring access to adequate diabetes care, aligning glycemic targets to patients’ goals and situations, minimizing short term and long term complications, reducing the burden of treatment, and improving quality of life.
Maternal reproductive history and premenopausal risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease: a Danish cohort study
Authors: Chen Shannon X , Rasmussen Kathleen M , Finkelstein Julia , Støvring H , Nøhr Ellen Aa , Kirkegaard Helene 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThe metabolic changes of pregnancy resemble a cardiovascular risk profile and may persist postpartum, with body mass index (BMI) as a potential modifier. We examined the association between the number of live-birth pregnancies and maternal premenopausal risks of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), accounting for pre-pregnancy BMI as well as abortions and stillbirths.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingMothers from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996 to 2002). For each of these women, registry data on all pregnancies from 1973 to 2011 were obtained, as were self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and height.ParticipantsA total of 44 552 first-time mothers in the Danish National Birth Cohort.Outcome measuresRisks of hypertension and CVD during and between live-birth pregnancies separately and combined as live-birth cycles.ResultsAfter adjustment for abortions, stillbirths, pre-pregnancy BMI and other covariates, a higher risk of hypertension was observed in the first (HR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.37 to 1.72) and fourth and subsequent live-birth cycles (HR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.58), compared with the second. However, as number of live-birth pregnancies increased, risk of hypertension decreased during live-birth pregnancies and increased between live-birth pregnancies (tests for trend, p<0.01). For CVD, we found an overall J-shaped but non-significant association with number of live-birth pregnancies. No interaction with pre-pregnancy BMI (<25 versus ≥25 kg/m2) was observed.ConclusionsPremenopausal women had the highest risk of hypertension and CVD during their first live-birth pregnancy and after their fourth live-birth pregnancy. All risks were independent of BMI before the first live-birth pregnancy and of number of abortions and stillbirths.
Housing affordability effects on physical and mental health: household survey in a population with the world’s greatest housing affordability stress
Authors: Chung Roger Yat-Nork , Chung Gary Ka-Ki , Gordon David , Mak Jonathan Ka-Long , Zhang Ling-Fei , Chan Dicken , Lai Francisco Tsz Tsun , Wong Hung , Wong Samuel Yeung-Shan 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundWe examined the association of housing affordability with physical and mental health in Hong Kong, where there is a lack of related research despite having the worst housing affordability problem in the world, considering potential mediating effect of deprivation.MethodsA stratified random sample of 1978 Hong Kong adults were surveyed. Housing affordability was defined using the residual-income (after housing costs) approach. Health-related quality of life was assessed by the Short-Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-12v2), from which the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) measures were derived. Multivariable linear regressions were performed to assess associations of housing affordability with PCS and MCS scores, adjusting for sociodemographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Mediation analyses were also conducted to assess the mediating role of deprivation on the effect of housing affordability on PCS or MCS.ResultsDose–response relationships were observed between housing affordability and mean PCS score (β(95% CI) compared with the highest affordable fourth quartile: −2.53 (−4.05 to −1.01), −2.23 (−3.54 to −0.92), −0.64 (−1.80 to 0.51) for the first, second and third quartiles, respectively) and mean MCS score (β(95% CI): −3.87 (−5.30 to –2.45), −2.35 (−3.59 to −1.11), −1.28 (−2.40 to –0.17) for the first, second and third quartiles, respectively). Deprivation mediated 34.3% of the impact of housing unaffordability on PCS and 15.8% of that on MCS.ConclusionsHousing affordability affects physical and mental health, partially through deprivation, suggesting that housing policies targeting deprived individuals may help reduce health inequality in addition to targeting the housing affordability problem.
Clinical characterisation of sensory neuropathy with anti-FGFR3 autoantibodies
Authors: Tholance Yannick , Moritz Christian Peter , Rosier Carole , Ferraud Karine , Lassablière François , Reynaud-Federspiel Evelyne , França Jr Marcondes C , Martinez Alberto R M , Camdessanché Jean-Philippe , Antoine Jean-Christophe 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveSensory neuropathies (SNs) are often classified as idiopathic even if immunological mechanisms can be suspected. Antibodies against the intracellular domain of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) possibly identify a subgroup of SN affecting mostly the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of anti-FGFR3 antibodies and the associated clinical pattern in a large cohort of patients with SN.MethodsA prospective, multicentric, European and Brazilian study included adults with pure SN. Serum anti-FGRF3 antibodies were analysed by ELISA. Detailed clinical and paraclinical data were collected for each anti-FGFR3-positive patient and as control for anti-FGFR3-negative patients from the same centres (‘center-matched’).ResultsSixty-five patients out of 426 (15%) had anti-FGFR3 antibodies, which were the only identified autoimmune markers in 43 patients (66%). The neuropathy was non-length dependent in 89% and classified as sensory neuronopathy in 64%, non-length-dependent small fibre neuropathy in 17% and other neuropathy in 19%. Specific clinical features occurred after 5–6 years of evolution including frequent paresthesia, predominant clinical and electrophysiological involvement of the lower limbs, and a less frequent mixed large and small fibre involvement. Brazilians had a higher frequency of anti-FGFR3 antibodies than Europeans (36% vs 13%, p<0.001), and a more frequent asymmetrical distribution of symptoms (OR 169, 95% CI 3.4 to 8424).ConclusionsAnti-FGFR3 antibodies occur in a subgroup of SN probably predominantly affecting the DRG. Differences between Europeans and Brazilians could suggest involvement of genetic or environmental factors.
Influence of age, laterality, patient position, and spinal level on the interlamina space for spinal puncture
Authors: Bae Jinyoung , Park Sun-Kyung , Yoo Seokha , Lim Young-Jin , Kim Jin-Tae 
Published: November 2019

Background and objectivesThe lumbar interlamina space height is an important determinant of successful spinal puncture. We aimed to evaluate the influence of age, laterality, patient position, and spinal level on the height of the interlamina window using ultrasonography.MethodsUltrasonographic examination was performed in 20 adult patients aged under 40 years (group Y) and 20 patients aged over 60 years (group O). We set three primary outcomes: difference in the interlamina height of the ligamentum flavum-dura mater complex (LFD) according to (1) age, (2) laterality, and (3) position. For secondary outcomes, the degree of ultrasonography visualization (poor, intermediate, or good) and the depths from the skin to LFD and to anterior complex were also measured on right and left paramedian sagittal oblique view in both lateral and sitting positions at L3/4, L4/5, and L5/S1 levels. All variables were analyzed in association with age, laterality, patient position, and spinal level.ResultsThe interlamina height of LFD was higher, and the degree of visualization was better in group Y than in group O. It differed depending on laterality in paramedian sagittal oblique view images in the same patients at all spinal levels. The interlamina height of LFD was the largest at L5/S1 level in both groups. Position had little influence on the interlamina height of LFD.ConclusionsScanning both sides and all spinal levels before selecting a puncture site for ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia is recommended. The L5/S1 spinal level is a good option for spinal puncture in the elderly.Trial registration numberNCT03929874.
Frequent Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Disorders Along the Heart-Brain Axis
Authors: Hooghiemstra Astrid M. , Leeuwis Anna E. , Bertens Anne Suzannne , Biessels Geert Jan , Bots Michiel L. , Brunner-La Rocca Hans-Peter , Greving Jacoba P. , Kappelle L. Jaap , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , van Rossum Albert C. ,   Heart-Brain Connection Consortium, van der Flier Wiesje M. 
Published: November 2019

Background and Purpose—
Patients with cardiovascular disease are at increased risk for cognitive decline. We studied the occurrence and profile of cognitive impairment in 3 patient groups as exemplar conditions of hemodynamic disturbances at different levels of the heart-brain axis, including patients with heart failure (HF), carotid occlusive disease (COD), and patients with cognitive complaints and vascular brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging (possible vascular cognitive impairment [VCI]).

Methods—

In 555 participants (160 HF, 107 COD, 160 possible VCI, 128 reference participants; 68±9 years; 36% F; Mini-Mental State Examination 28±2), we assessed cognitive functioning with a comprehensive test battery. Test scores were transformed into
z
-scores. Compound
z
-scores were constructed for: memory, language, attention/psychomotor speed, executive functioning, and global cognitive functioning. We rated cognitive domains as impaired when
z
-score≤−1.5. Based on the number of impaired domains, patients were classified as cognitively normal, minor, or major cognitive impairment. We used general linear models and χ
2
tests to compare cognitive functioning between patient groups and the reference group.

Results—

Age, sex, and education adjusted global cognitive functioning z-score was lower in patients with COD (β [SE]=−0.46 [0.10],
P
<0.001) and possible VCI (β [SE]=−0.80 [0.09],
P
<0.001) compared with reference participants. On all domains,
z
-scores were lower in patients with COD and possible VCI compared with reference participants. Patients with HF had lower z-scores on attention/speed and language compared with reference participants. Cognitive impairment was observed in 18% of HF, 36% of COD, and 45% possible VCI. There was no difference in profile of impaired cognitive domains between patient groups. Memory and attention-psychomotor speed were most commonly affected, followed by executive functioning and language.

Conclusions—
A substantial part of patients with HF and COD had cognitive impairment, which warrants vigilance for the occurrence of cognitive impairment. These results underline the importance of an integrative approach in medicine in patients presenting with disorders in the heart-brain axis.
Mixing-Driven Mean Flows and Submesoscale Eddies over Mid-Ocean Ridge Flanks and Fracture Zone Canyons
Authors: Ruan Xiaozhou , Callies Jörn 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo close the abyssal overturning circulation, dense bottom water has to become lighter by mixing with lighter water above. This diapycnal mixing is strongly enhanced over rough topography in abyssal mixing layers, which span the bottom few hundred meters of the water column. In particular, mixing rates are enhanced over mid-ocean ridge systems, which extend for thousands of kilometers in the global ocean and are thought to be key contributors to the required abyssal water mass transformation. To examine how stratification and thus diabatic transformation is maintained in such abyssal mixing layers, this study explores the circulation driven by bottom-intensified mixing over mid-ocean ridge flanks and within ridge-flank canyons. Idealized numerical experiments show that stratification over the ridge flanks is maintained by submesoscale baroclinic eddies and that stratification within ridge-flank canyons is maintained by mixing-driven mean flows. These restratification processes affect how strong a diabatic buoyancy flux into the abyss can be maintained, and they are essential for maintaining the dipole in water mass transformation that has emerged as the hallmark of a diabatic circulation driven by bottom-intensified mixing.
A national study of the causes, consequences and amelioration of adverse events in the use of MRI, CT, and conventional radiography in Norway
Authors: Bose Åshild M , Khan Bukholm Ida R , Bukholm Geir , Geitung Jonn Terje 
Published: November 2019

Background Rapid technological developments, increased complexity, and increased demand have made patient safety a challenge in radiology. Purpose To uncover the causes and consequences behind patient injury compensation claims in the use of MRI, CT, and conventional X-ray examinations, and to determine the system factors that need to be focused on in order to prevent these events. Material and Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study uses data acquired from The Norwegian System of Patient Injury Compensation. A total of 240 cases from 2012–2016 were included. Results According to our study, the main factors contributing to patient injury compensation claims in radiology were false-negative findings (48.7%), misinterpretation (13.1%), and “satisfaction of search” (12%). Another source of error was routines (8.7%), mainly where the patient should have been (further) examined using another modality. Other causes were related to communication (7.6%), procedures (2.9%), technical factors (2.5%), organizational and management factors (1.5%), competence (0.7%), location of the lesion (0.7%), patient factors (0.7%), false-positive findings (0.4%), and work environment (0.4%). These events led to delayed diagnosis and/or treatment in the range of 0–3650 days. Conclusion Errors of perception (false negative and “satisfaction of search”) and cognitive errors (misinterpretation) were the main reasons behind patient injury compensation claims in radiology. We suggest that a combination of double-reading, specialization, increased collaboration between professionals, as well as a reduction of unnecessary examinations should be considered to reduce adverse events in radiology.
Stable prevalence of faecal immunochemical test positivity over time in Italy
Authors: Zorzi Manuel , Battagello Jessica , Rugge Massimo 
Published: November 2019

Objectives The prevalence of guaiac faecal occult blood positivity among participants aged 50 in the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme showed a significant increase from 2007 to 2017. As a comparison, we examined the trend in the prevalence of faecal immunochemical test (FIT) positivity among participants aged 50 in the colorectal cancer screening programme of the Veneto region (north-east Italy) from 2006 to 2018. Methods The target population includes residents aged 50–69, who are invited to repeat the FIT every two years. The screening programme uses the OC-Hemodia latex agglutination test, with a cut-off for positivity of 20 µg of haemoglobin per g of faeces. Results Based on 182,275 FITs performed on participants aged 50, overall FIT positivity was 3.6% in 2006 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.1–4.2) and 3.7% (95% CI: 3.4–3.9) in 2018, showing no significant trend ( p = 0.19). The prevalence of positive test results was higher in males throughout the study period. No gradient was seen for men (2006 = 4.4%, 95% CI: 3.6–5.3; 2018 = 4.2%, 95% CI: 3.9–4.6; p = 0.10) or women (2006 = 2.8%, 95% CI: 2.1–3.5; 2018 = 3.2%, 95% CI: 2.9–3.5; p = 0.84). Conclusions In a FIT-based colorectal cancer screening programme in Italy, the test positivity over time was stable. Our findings suggest that the interpretation of faecal haemoglobin levels may not be geographically transferable.
Frequency of appropriate lab monitoring of oral chemotherapy in an outpatient setting
Authors: N Heck Jessica , A Null Aaron 
Published: November 2019

Purpose The aim of this study is to understand the frequency of appropriate laboratory monitoring of oral chemotherapy at the Eastern Colorado Health Care System (ECHCS) compared to recommendations set forth in the 2012 Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Guidance on Dispensing and Monitoring of Oral Chemotherapy. Methods This study is a retrospective chart review of patients who have received a subset of oral chemotherapy drugs at ECHCS. Patients 18 to 89 years of age with an active cancer diagnosis who initiated therapy at ECHCS between September 1, 2010 and August 31, 2014 were included in the study. Initial and subsequent prescription fill dates, appropriate labs as defined by VHA guidance and baseline and follow-up lab monitoring dates, and appropriate labs as defined by VHA guidance were collected for up to 12 cycles of chemotherapy per patient. Baseline labs were defined as within three months of the first prescription fill date, and follow-up labs were defined as within seven days of subsequent prescription fill dates. Results Results are presented as complete, partial, or incomplete and as attempt or no attempt at monitoring according to the VHA guidance recommendations. There was 100% attempt at laboratory monitoring at baseline; however, there was a decline in attempt and complete follow-up monitoring overall as well as for drugs that require special monitoring. Conclusion Based on recommendations from the 2012 VHA Guidance on Dispensing and Monitoring Oral Chemotherapy, data presented here demonstrate that ECHCS could benefit from improved lab monitoring in order to ensure safe and effective use of oral chemotherapies. These results provide a unique opportunity to consider the potential role of clinical pharmacists in monitoring and management of patients receiving oral chemotherapies as well as patient and provider education regarding the importance of appropriate lab monitoring.
Lack of elevation and external rotation in the shoulder: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty combined with latissimus dorsi transfer to the humerus versus the greater tuberosity
Authors: Zafra Manuel , Uceda Pilar , Muñoz Francisco , Ruiz-Bonilla Carmen , Font Pilar 
Published: November 2019

Background The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare clinical outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) combined with latissimus dorsi transfer by modified L’Episcopo (Group I) versus the greater tuberosity (Group II) in patients with lack of elevation and external rotation in the shoulder. Materials and methods Eighteen patients participated in the study. They were placed randomly into two groups of nine patients in each group. The results were evaluated prior to surgery and at the end follow-up. Results The average follow-up was 33.2 months. The mean ASES scores improved from 13 points to 79 in Group I and from 15 to 73 in Group II. The mean Constant shoulder scores improved from 19 to 66 in Group I and from 18 to 67 in Group II. Mean active elevation increased from 59° to 147° in Group I and from 58° to 148° in Group II. The mean external rotation scores increased from −43° to 7° in Group I and from −41° to 23° in Group II. Conclusion Comparing clinical outcomes and active elevation, there were no significant differences. The latissimus dorsi transfer to the greater tuberosity provided greater external rotation than did the modified L’Episcopo transfer.