bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How I treat venous thromboembolism in pregnancy
Authors: Middeldorp Saskia , Ganzevoort Wessel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOne to 2 pregnant women in 1000 will experience venous thromboembolism (VTE) during pregnancy or postpartum. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a leading cause of maternal mortality, and deep vein thrombosis leads to maternal morbidity, with postthrombotic syndrome potentially diminishing quality of life for a woman’s lifetime. However, the evidence base for pregnancy-related VTE management remains weak. Evidence-based guideline recommendations are often extrapolated from nonpregnant women and thus weak or conditional, resulting in wide variation of practice. In women with suspected PE, the pregnancy-adapted YEARS algorithm is safe and efficient, rendering computed tomographic pulmonary angiography to rule out PE unnecessary in 39%. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in therapeutic doses is the treatment of choice during pregnancy, and anticoagulation (LMWH or vitamin K antagonists [VKAs]) should be continued until 6 weeks after delivery, with a 3-month minimum total duration. LMWH or VKA use does not preclude breastfeeding. Postpartum, direct oral anticoagulants are an option if a woman does not breastfeed and long-term use is intended. Management of delivery, including type of analgesia, requires a multidisciplinary approach and depends on local preferences and patient-specific conditions. Several options are possible, including waiting for spontaneous delivery with temporary LMWH interruption. Prophylaxis for recurrent VTE prevention in subsequent pregnancies is indicated in most women with a history of VTE.
How I manage pregnancy in carriers of hemophilia and patients with von Willebrand disease
Authors: Leebeek Frank W. G. , Duvekot Johannes , Kruip Marieke J. H. A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWomen with inherited bleeding disorders, including carriers of hemophilia A and B, or with von Willebrand disease, have an increased risk of bleeding during pregnancy and delivery. The unborn child may also be affected by the bleeding disorder for which specific measures have to be considered. This requires a multidisciplinary approach, with a team that includes a hematologist, a pediatric hematologist, a clinical geneticist, an obstetrician-perinatologist, and an anesthesiologist. An optimal approach includes prepregnancy genetic counseling, prenatal diagnostic procedures, and a treatment plan for delivery for both the mother and child. Recent retrospective studies show that even if strict guidelines are followed, these women are still at risk of postpartum bleeding. This occurs even if coagulation factor levels are normalized, either due to the pregnancy-induced rise of factor levels or by infusion of coagulation factor concentrates at the time of delivery. In this article, we describe our current diagnostic and clinical management of pregnancy and delivery in women with inherited bleeding disorders. We also briefly discuss possible interventions to improve the outcome of current strategies by increasing target factor levels during and after delivery.
The Investigation of Hybrid PEDOT:PSS/β-Ga2O3 Deep Ultraviolet Schottky Barrier Photodetectors
Authors: Zhang Tao , Shen Yixian , Feng Qian , Tian Xusheng , Cai Yuncong , Hu Zhuangzhuang , Yan Guangshuo , Feng Zhaoqing , Zhang Yachao , Ning Jing , Xu Yongkuan , Lian Xiaozheng , Sun Xiaojuan , Zhang Chunfu , Zhou Hong , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the hybrid β-Ga2O3Schottky diodes were fabricated with PEDOT:PSS as the anode. The electrical characteristics were investigated when the temperature changes from 298 K to 423 K. The barrier heightϕbincreases, and the ideality factorndecreases as the temperature increases, indicating the presence of barrier height inhomogeneity between the polymer and β-Ga2O3interface. The mean barrier height and the standard deviation are 1.57 eV and 0.212 eV, respectively, after taking the Gaussian barrier height distribution model into account. Moreover, a relatively fast response speed of less than 320 ms, high reponsivity of 0.6 A/W, and rejection ratio ofR254 nm/R400 nmup to 1.26 × 103are obtained, suggesting that the hybrid PEDOT:PSS/β-Ga2O3Schottky barrier diodes can be used as deep ultraviolet (DUV) optical switches or photodetectors.
Multiple Cold Tolerance Trait Phenotyping Reveals Shared Quantitative Trait Loci in Oryza sativa
Authors: Shimoyama Naoki , Johnson Melineeh , Beaumont André , Schläppi Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Developing chilling tolerant accessions of domesticated Asian rice is a potential source of significant crop improvement. The uniquely chilling sensitive nature of the tropically originating Oryza sativa make it the most important cereal crop that can gain significantly from improved tolerance to low temperatures. However, mechanisms underlying this complex trait are not fully understood. Oryza sativa has two subspecies with different levels of chilling tolerance, JAPONICA and INDICA, providing an ideal tool to investigate mechanistic differences in the chilling stress tolerance responses within this important crop species.

Results
The Rice Diversity Panel 1 (RDP1) was used to investigate a core set of Oryza sativa accessions. The tools available for this panel allowed for a comprehensive analysis of two chilling tolerance traits at multiple temperatures across a 354-cultivar subset of the RDP1. Chilling tolerance trait values were distributed as mostly subpopulation specific clusters of Tolerant, Intermediate, and Sensitive accessions. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) mapping approaches using all 354 accessions yielded a total of 245 quantitative trait loci (QTL), containing 178 unique QTL covering 25% of the rice genome, while 40 QTL were identified by multiple traits. QTL mappings using subsets of rice accession clusters yielded another 255 QTL, for a total of 500 QTL. The genes within these multiple trait QTL were analyzed for Gene Ontology (GO) term and potential pathway enrichments. Terms related to “carbohydrate biosynthesis”, “carbohydrate transmembrane transport”, “small molecule protein modification”, and “plasma membrane” were enriched from this list. Filtering was done to identify more likely candidate pathways involved in conferring chilling tolerance, resulting in enrichment of terms related to “Golgi apparatus”, “stress response”, “transmembrane transport”, and “signal transduction”.

Conclusions
Taken together, these GO term clusters revealed a likely involvement of Golgi-mediated subcellular and extracellular vesicle and intracellular carbohydrate transport as a general cold stress tolerance response mechanism to achieve cell and metabolic homeostasis under chilling stress.
Weighted single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction integrating variants selected from sequencing data by association and bioinformatics analyses
Authors: Liu Aoxing , Lund Mogens Sandø , Boichard Didier , Karaman Emre , Guldbrandtsen Bernt , Fritz Sebastien , Aamand Gert Pedersen , Nielsen Ulrik Sander , Sahana Goutam , Wang Yachun , Su Guosheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Sequencing data enable the detection of causal loci or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) highly linked to causal loci to improve genomic prediction. However, until now, studies on integrating such SNPs using a single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) model are scarce. We investigated the integration of sequencing SNPs selected by association (1262 SNPs) and bioinformatics (2359 SNPs) analyses into the currently used 54K-SNP chip, using three ssGBLUP models which make different assumptions on the distribution of SNP effects: a basic ssGBLUP model, a so-called featured ssGBLUP (ssFGBLUP) model that considered selected sequencing SNPs as a feature genetic component, and a weighted ssGBLUP (ssWGBLUP) model in which the genomic relationship matrix was weighted by the SNP variances estimated from a Bayesian whole-genome regression model, with every 1, 30, or 100 adjacent SNPs within a chromosome region sharing the same variance. We used data on milk production and female fertility in Danish Jersey. In total, 15,823 genotyped and 528,981‬ non-genotyped females born between 1990 and 2013 were used as reference population and 7415 genotyped females and 33,040 non-genotyped females born between 2014 and 2016 were used as validation population.

Results
With basic ssGBLUP, integrating SNPs selected from sequencing data improved prediction reliabilities for milk and protein yields, but resulted in limited or no improvement for fat yield and female fertility. Model performances depended on the SNP set used. When using ssWGBLUP with the 54K SNPs, reliabilities for milk and protein yields improved by 0.028 for genotyped animals and by 0.006 for non-genotyped animals compared with ssGBLUP. However, with the SNP set that included SNPs selected from sequencing data, no statistically significant difference in prediction reliability was observed between the three ssGBLUP models.

Conclusions
In summary, when using 54K SNPs, a ssWGBLUP model with a common weight on the SNPs in a given region is a feasible approach for single-trait genetic evaluation. Integrating relevant SNPs selected from sequencing data into the standard SNP chip can improve the reliability of genomic prediction. Based on such SNP data, a basic ssGBLUP model was suggested since no significant improvement was observed from using alternative models such as ssWGBLUP and ssFGBLUP.
mRNA profile provides novel insights into stress adaptation in mud crab megalopa, Scylla paramamosain after salinity stress
Authors: Zhang Yin , Wu Qingyang , Fang Shaobin , Li Shengkang , Zheng Huaiping , Zhang Yueling , Ikhwanuddin Mhd , Ma Hongyu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMud crab,Scylla paramamosain, a euryhaline crustacean species, mainly inhabits the Indo-Western Pacific region. Wild mud crab spawn in high-salt condition and the salinity reduced with the growth of the hatching larvae. When the larvae grow up to megalopa, they migrate back to estuaries and coasts in virtue of the flood tide, settle and recruit adult habitats and metamorphose into the crablet stage. Adult crab can even survive in a wide salinity of 0–35 ppt. To investigate the mRNA profile after salinity stress,S. paramamosainmegalopa were exposed to different salinity seawater (low, 14 ppt; control, 25 ppt; high, 39 ppt).ResultsFirstly, from the expression profiles ofNa+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter,chloride channel protein 2, andABC transporter, it turned out that the 24 h might be the most influenced duration in the short-term stress. We collected megalopa under different salinity for 24 h and then submitted to mRNA profiling. Totally, 57.87 Gb Clean Data were obtained. The comparative genomic analysis detected 342 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The most significantly DEGs includegamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase-like,facilitated trehalose transporter Tret1,sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha,rhodanese 1-like protein, etc. And the significantly enriched pathways were lysine degradation, choline metabolism in cancer, phospholipase D signaling pathway, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, and sphingolipid signaling pathway. The results indicate that in the short-term salinity stress, the megalopa might regulate some mechanism such as metabolism, immunity responses, osmoregulation to adapt to the alteration of the environment.ConclusionsThis study represents the first genome-wide transcriptome analysis ofS. paramamosainmegalopa for studying its stress adaption mechanisms under different salinity. The results reveal numbers of genes modified by salinity stress and some important pathways, which will provide valuable resources for discovering the molecular basis of salinity stress adaptation ofS. paramamosainlarvae and further boost the understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms of salinity stress adaptation for crustacean species.
Antimicrobial resistance and molecular detection of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolates from raw meat in Greater Accra region, Ghana
Authors: Dsani Esther , Afari Edwin Andrews , Danso-Appiah Anthony , Kenu Ernest , Kaburi Basil Benduri , Egyir Beverly 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTypically, raw meat can be contaminated with antibiotic resistant pathogens at unhygienic slaughter and sale points. Consumption of meat contaminated with antibiotic resistantE. coliis associated with grave health care consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the microbial quality of raw meat, the antimicrobial susceptibility and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) production inE. coliisolates from raw meat.ResultsTotal Plate Counts exceeded the acceptable limit of 5.0 log CFU/ cm2in 60.5% (124/205) of raw meat samples. Total Coliform Counts in 70.7% (145/205) of samples were in excess of the acceptable limit of 2.5 log CFU/cm2.E. coliwas detected in about half of raw meat samples (48%), ranging from 9.5–79.0% among the slaughter sites. Isolates were susceptible to meropenem (100%), ceftriaxone (99%), cefotaxime (98%), chloramphenicol (97%), gentamycin (97%), ciprofloxacin (92%) and amikacin (92%), but resistant to ampicillin (57%), tetracycline (45%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (21%) and cefuroxime (17%). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was identified in 22% of the isolates. TheblaTEM genewas detected in 4% (4/98) ofE. coliisolates in this study.ConclusionThe levels of microbial contamination of raw meat in this study were unacceptable. Meat handlers and consumers are at risk of foodborne infections fromE. coliincluding ESBL producingE. colithat are resistant to most antibiotics in use. We recommend an enhanced surveillance for antibiotic resistance in food products for the early detection of emerging resistant bacteria species in the food chain.
FocSge1 in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 is essential for full virulence
Authors: Gurdaswani Vartika , Ghag Siddhesh B. , Ganapathi Thumballi R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Fusarium wilt disease of banana is one of the most devastating diseases and was responsible for destroying banana plantations in the late nineteenth century. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense is the causative agent. Presently, both race 1 and 4 strains of Foc are creating havoc in the major banana-growing regions of the world. There is an urgent need to devise strategies to control this disease; that is possible only after a thorough understanding of the molecular basis of this disease.

Results
There are a few regulators of Foc pathogenicity which are triggered during this infection, among which Sge1 (Six Gene Expression 1) regulates the expression of effector genes. The protein sequence is conserved in both race 1 and 4 strains of Foc indicating that this gene is vital for pathogenesis. The deletion mutant, FocSge1 displayed poor conidial count, loss of hydrophobicity, reduced pigmentation, decrease in fusaric acid production and pathogenicity as compared to the wild-type and genetically complemented strain. Furthermore, the C-terminal domain of FocSge1 protein is crucial for its activity as deletion of this region results in a knockout-like phenotype.

Conclusion
These results indicated that FocSge1 plays a critical role in normal growth and pathogenicity with the C-terminal domain being crucial for its activity.
Impact of long-term industrial contamination on the bacterial communities in urban river sediments
Authors: Zhang Lei , Tu Demei , Li Xingchen , Lu Wenxuan , Li Jing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe contamination of the aquatic environment of urban rivers with industrial wastewater has affected the abiotic conditions and biological activities of the trophic levels of the ecosystem, particularly sediments. However, most current research about microorganism in urban aquatic environments has focused on indicator bacteria related to feces and organic pollution. Meanwhile, they ignored the interactions among microorganisms. To deeply understand the impact of industrial contamination on microbial community, we study the bacterial community structure and diversity in river sediments under the influence of different types of industrial pollution by Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology and conduct a more detailed analysis of microbial community structure through co-occurrence networks.ResultsThe overall community composition and abundance of individual bacterial groups differed between samples. In addition, redundancy analysis indicated that the structure of the bacterial community in river sediments was influenced by a variety of environmental factors. TN, TP, TOC and metals (Cu, Zn and Cd) were the most important driving factors that determined the bacterial community in urban river sediments (P < 0.01). According to PICRUSt analysis, the bacterial communities in different locations had similar overall functional profiles. It is worth noting that the 15 functional genes related to xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism were the most abundant in the same location. The non-random assembly patterns of bacterial composition in different types of industrially polluted sediments were determined by a co-occurrence network. Environmental conditions resulting from different industrial pollutants may play an important role in determining their co-occurrence patterns of these bacterial taxa. Among them, the bacterial taxa involved in carbon and nitrogen cycles in module I were relatively abundant, and the bacterial taxa in module II were involved in the repair of metal pollution.ConclusionsOur data indicate that long-term potential interactions between different types of industrial pollution and taxa collectively affect the structure of the bacterial community in urban river sediments.
Clinical characteristics and factors associated with coronary stenosis proximal to a myocardial bridge: a retrospective study
Authors: Gao Wen , Zhang Jiaxi , Duan Fei , Guo Shujun , Chen Chun , Du Liping , Zhao Jianquan , Zhou Zhihong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe association of myocardial bridge (MB) with cardiovascular risk and the possible cardiovascular risk factors remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and related factors of coronary stenosis proximal to an MB.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of patients with symptoms of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease admitted between 10/2011 and 12/2014 to the Emergency and Cardiology Department of Bayannur Hospital, who underwent selective coronary angiography (SCAG). The patients were assigned to the non-stenosis and stenosis groups according to whether coronary stenosis was proximal to the MB.ResultsAmong 244 patients with MB and cardiovascular symptoms, 91 (37.3%) had stenosis proximal to the MB. Compared with the non-stenosis group, there were more males (80.2% vs. 55.6%,P < 0.001) and smokers (including those who had quit smoking) (P < 0.001) in the stenosis group. There were no significant differences in blood lipid-related indexes (TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C) between the two groups. Multivariable analysis suggested that MB location in the middle distal or distal segment of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) increased the odds of coronary stenosis proximal to the MB (OR = 0.439, 95% CI: 1.57–7.532,P = 0.002), which was then considered an independent factor associated with coronary stenosis proximal to the MB.ConclusionsIn patients diagnosed with an MB by SCAG, only MB located in the middle distal or distal segment of the LAD is independently associated with coronary stenosis proximal to the MB.
Emergency department clinical leads’ experiences of implementing primary care services where GPs work in or alongside emergency departments in the UK: a qualitative study
Authors: Edwards Michelle , Cooper Alison , Davies Freya , Sherlock Rebecca , Carson-Stevens Andrew , Price Delyth , Porter Alison , Evans Bridie , Islam Saiful , Snooks Helen , Anderson Pippa , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan , Hibbert Peter , Hughes Thomas , Cooke Matthew , Dale Jeremy , Edwards Adrian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo manage increasing demand for emergency and unscheduled care NHS England policy has promoted services in which patients presenting to Emergency Departments (EDs) with non-urgent problems are directed to general practitioners (GPs) and other primary care clinicians working within or alongside emergency departments. However, the ways that hospitals have implemented primary care services in EDs are varied. The aim of this study was to describe ED clinical leads’ experiences of implementing and delivering ‘primary care services’ and ‘emergency medicine services’ where GPs were integrated into the ED team.MethodsWe conducted interviews with ED clinical leads in England (n = 19) and Wales (n = 2). We used framework analysis to analyse interview transcripts and explore differences across ‘primary care services’, ‘emergency medicine services’ and emergency departments without primary care services.ResultsIn EDs with separate primary care services, success was reported when having adistinctworkforce of primary care clinicians, who improved waiting times and flow by seeing primary care-type patients in a timely way, using fewer investigations, and enabling ED doctors to focus on more acutely unwell patients. Some challenges were: trying to align their service with the policy guidance, inconsistent demand for primary care, accessible community primary care services, difficulties in recruiting GPs, lack of funding, difficulties in agreeing governance protocols and establishing effective streaming pathways. Where GPs were integrated into an ED workforce success was reported as managing the demand for both emergency and primary care and reducing admissions.ConclusionsIntroducing a policy advocating a preferred model of service to address primary care demand was not useful for all emergency departments. To support successful and sustainable primary care services in or alongside EDs, policy makers and commissioners should consider varied ways that GPs can be employed to manage variation in local demand and also local contextual factors such as the ability to recruit and retain GPs, sustainable funding, clear governance frameworks, training, support and guidance for all staff. Whether or not streaming to a separate primary care service is useful also depended on the level of primary care demand.