bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of ward fidelity to a multicomponent delirium prevention intervention during a multicentre, pragmatic, cluster randomised, controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Smith Jane , Green John , Siddiqi Najma , Inouye Sharon K , Collinson Michelle , Farrin Amanda , Young John 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
delirium is a frequent complication of hospital admission for older people and can be reduced by multicomponent interventions, but implementation and delivery of such interventions is challenging.

Objective
to investigate fidelity to the prevention of delirium system of care within a multicentre, pragmatic, cluster randomised, controlled feasibility trial.

Setting
five care of older people and three orthopaedic trauma wards in eight hospitals in England and Wales.

Data collection
research nurse observations of ward practice; case note reviews and examination of documentation.

Assessment
10 health care professionals with experience in older people’s care assessed the fidelity to 21 essential implementation components within four domains: intervention installation (five items; maximum score = 5); intervention delivery (12 items; maximum score = 48); intervention coverage (three items; maximum score = 16); and duration of delivery (one item; maximum score = 1).

Results
the mean score (range) for each domain was: installation 4.5 (3.5–5); delivery 32.6 (range 27.3–38.3); coverage 7.9 (range 4.2–10.1); and duration 0.38 (0–1). Of the 10 delirium risk factors, infection, nutrition, hypoxia and pain were the most and cognitive impairment, sensory impairment and multiple medications the least consistently addressed. Overall fidelity to the intervention was assessed as high (≥80%) in two wards, medium (51–79%) in five wards and low (≤50%) in one ward.

Conclusion
the trial was designed as a pragmatic evaluation, and the findings of medium intervention fidelity are likely to be generalisable to delirium prevention in routine care and provide an important context to interpret the trial outcomes.
Dietary Polyunsaturated Fat Intake in Relation to Head and Neck, Esophageal, and Gastric Cancer Incidence in the National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study
Authors: Zamani Shawn A , McClain Kathleen M , Graubard Barry I , Liao Linda M , Abnet Christian C , Cook Michael B , Petrick Jessica L 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent epidemiologic studies have examined the association of fish consumption with upper gastrointestinal cancer risk, but the associations with n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) subtypes remain unclear. Using the National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study (United States, 1995–2011), we prospectively investigated the associations of PUFA subtypes, ratios, and fish with the incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC; n = 2,453), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA; n = 855), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (n = 267), and gastric cancer (cardia: n = 603; noncardia: n = 631) among 468,952 participants (median follow-up, 15.5 years). A food frequency questionnaire assessed diet. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. A Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) procedure was used for false-discovery control. Long-chain n-3 PUFAs were associated with a 20% decreased HNC and EA risk (for HNC, quintile5 vs. 1 hazard ratio = 0.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.71, 0.92, and BH-adjusted Ptrend = 0.001; and for EA, quintile5 vs. 1 hazard ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.64, 0.98, and BH-adjusted Ptrend = 0.1). Similar associations were observed for nonfried fish but only for high intake. Further, the ratio of long-chain n-3:n-6 was associated with a decreased HNC and EA risk. No consistent associations were observed for gastric cancer. Our results indicate that dietary long-chain n-3 PUFA and nonfried fish intake are associated with lower HNC and EA risk.
Risk exposure trade-offs in the ontogeny of sexual segregation in Antarctic fur seal pups
Authors: Jones Kayleigh A , Wood Hannah , Ashburner Jonathan P , Forcada Jaume , Ratcliffe Norman , Votier Stephen C , Staniland Iain J 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSexual segregation has important ecological implications, but its initial development in early life stages is poorly understood. We investigated the roles of size dimorphism, social behavior, and predation risk on the ontogeny of sexual segregation in Antarctic fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella, pups at South Georgia. Beaches and water provide opportunities for pup social interaction and learning (through play and swimming) but increased risk of injury and death (from other seals, predatory birds, and harsh weather), whereas tussock grass provides shelter from these risks but less developmental opportunities. One hundred pups were sexed and weighed, 50 on the beach and 50 in tussock grass, in January, February, and March annually from 1989 to 2018. Additionally, 19 male and 16 female pups were GPS-tracked during lactation from December 2012. Analysis of pup counts and habitat use of GPS-tracked pups suggested that females had a slightly higher association with tussock grass habitats and males with beach habitats. GPS-tracked pups traveled progressively further at sea as they developed, and males traveled further than females toward the end of lactation. These sex differences may reflect contrasting drivers of pup behavior: males being more risk prone to gain social skills and lean muscle mass and females being more risk averse to improve chances of survival, ultimately driven by their different reproductive roles. We conclude that sex differences in habitat use can develop in a highly polygynous species prior to the onset of major sexual size dimorphism, which hints that these sex differences will increasingly diverge in later life.
The Prevalence and Burden of Non-AIDS Comorbidities Among Women Living With or at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the United States
Authors: Collins Lauren F , Sheth Anandi N , Mehta C Christina , Naggie Susanna , Golub Elizabeth T , Anastos Kathryn , French Audrey L , Kassaye Seble , Taylor Tonya , Fischl Margaret A , Adimora Adaora A , Kempf Mirjam-Colette , Palella Frank J , Tien Phyllis C , Ofotokun Ighovwerha 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
The prevalence and burden of age-related non-AIDS comorbidities (NACMs) are poorly characterized among women living with HIV (WLWH).

Methods
Virologically suppressed WLWH and HIV-seronegative participants followed in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) through at least 2009 (when &gt;80% of WLWH used antiretroviral therapy) were included, with outcomes measured through 31 March 2018. Covariates, NACM number, and prevalence were summarized at most recent WIHS visit. We used linear regression models to determine NACM burden by HIV serostatus and age.

Results
Among 3232 women (2309 WLWH, 923 HIV-seronegative) with median observation of 15.3 years, median age and body mass index (BMI) were 50 years and 30 kg/m2, respectively; 65% were black; 70% ever used cigarettes. WLWH had a higher mean NACM number than HIV-seronegative women (3.6 vs 3.0, P &lt; .0001) and higher prevalence of psychiatric illness, dyslipidemia, non-AIDS cancer, kidney, liver, and bone disease (all P &lt; .01). Prevalent hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular and lung disease did not differ by HIV serostatus. Estimated NACM burden was higher among WLWH versus HIV-seronegative women in those aged 40–49 (P &lt; .0001) and ≥60 years (P = .0009) (HIV × age interaction, P = .0978). In adjusted analyses, NACM burden was associated with HIV, age, race, income, BMI, alcohol abstinence, cigarette, and crack/cocaine use; in WLWH, additional HIV-specific indices were not associated, aside from recent abacavir use.

Conclusions
Overall, NACM burden was high in the cohort, but higher in WLWH and in certain age groups. Non-HIV traditional risk factors were significantly associated with NACM burden in WLWH and should be prioritized in clinical guidelines for screening and intervention to mitigate comorbidity burden in this high-risk population.
Systematic analysis of the human tumor cell binding to human vs. murine E- and P-selectin under static vs. dynamic conditions
Authors: Starzonek Sarah , Maar Hanna , Labitzky Vera , Wicklein Daniel , Rossdam Charlotte , Buettner Falk F R , Wolters-Eisfeld Gerrit , Guengoer Cenap , Wagener Christoph , Schumacher Udo , Lange Tobias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEndothelial E- and P-selectins promote metastasis formation by interacting with sialyl-Lewis X and A (sLeX/sLeA) on circulating tumor cells. This interaction precedes extravasation and can take place under dynamic and static conditions. Metastasis formation is often studied in xenograft models. However, it is unclear whether species differences exist in the ligand specificity of human (h) vs. murine (m) selectins and whether different ligands are functional under dynamic vs. static conditions. We systematically compared the h vs. m E- and P-selectin (ESel/PSel) binding of a range of human tumor cells under dynamic vs. static conditions. The tumor cells were categorized by their sLeA/X status (sLeA+/sLeX+, sLeA−/sLeX+ and sLeA−/sLeX−). The general biological nature of the tumor–selectin interaction was analyzed by applying several tumor cell treatments (anti-sLeA/X blockade, neuraminidase, pronase and inhibition of O/N-glycosylation). We observed remarkable differences in the static vs. dynamic interaction of tumor cells with h vs. m ESel/PSel depending on their sLeA/X status. The tumor cell treatments mostly affected either static or dynamic as well as either h- or m-selectin interaction. mESel showed a higher diversity of potential ligands than hESel. Inhibition of O-GalNAc-glycosylation also affected glycosphingolipid synthesis. Summarized, different ligands on human tumor cells are functional under static vs. dynamic conditions and for the interaction with human vs. murine ESel/PSel. Non-canonical selectin ligands lacking the sLeA/X glycan epitopes exist on human tumor cells. These findings have important implications for the current development of glycomimetic, antimetastatic drugs and encourage the development of immunodeficient mice with humanized selectins.
Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a systematic review, meta-analysis and quasi-experimental family-based study
Authors: Li Lin , Lagerberg Tyra , Chang Zheng , Cortese Samuele , Rosenqvist Mina A , Almqvist Catarina , D’Onofrio Brian M , Hegvik Tor-Arne , Hartman Catharina , Chen Qi , Larsson Henrik 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Previous studies are inconclusive concerning the association between maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify this association. To address the variation in confounding adjustment between studies, especially inadequate adjustment of unmeasured familial confounding in most studies, we further performed cousin and sibling comparisons in a nationwide population-based cohort in Sweden.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO during 1975–2018. We used random-effects models to calculate pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence interval. In the population-based study, Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate the unadjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and HRs adjusted for all confounders identified in previous studies. Stratified Cox models were applied to data on full cousins and full siblings to further control for unmeasured familial confounding.

Results
Eight cohorts with a total of 784 804 mother–child pairs were included in the meta-analysis. Maternal overweight [RRoverweight = 1.31 (1.25–1.38), I2 = 6.80%] and obesity [RRobesity = 1.92 (1.84–2.00), I2 = 0.00%] were both associated with an increased risk of ADHD in offspring. In the population-based cohort of 971 501 individuals born between 1992 and 2004, unadjusted Cox models revealed similar associations [HRoverweight = 1.30 (1.28–1.34), HRobesity = 1.92 (1.87–1.98)]. These associations gradually attenuated towards the null when adjusted for measured confounders [HRoverweight = 1.21 (1.19–1.25), HRobesity = 1.60 (1.55–1.65)], unmeasured factors shared by cousins [HRoverweight = 1.10 (0.98–1.23), HRobesity = 1.44 (1.22–1.70)] and unmeasured factors shared by siblings [HRoverweight = 1.01 (0.92–1.11), HRobesity = 1.10 (0.94–1.27)].

Conclusion
Pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity is associated with an increased risk of ADHD in offspring. The observed association is largely due to unmeasured familial confounding.
Parametric analysis of a combined ejector-vapor compression refrigeration cycle
Authors: Ouelhazi I , Ezzaalouni Y , Kairouani L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
From the last few years, the use of efficient ejector in refrigeration systems has been paid a lot of attention. In this article a description of a refrigeration system that combines a basic vapor compression refrigeration cycle with an ejector cooling cycle is presented. A one-dimensional mathematical model is developed using the flow governing thermodynamic equations based on a constant area ejector flow model. The model includes effects of friction at the constant-area mixing chamber. The current model is based on the NIST-REFPROP database for refrigerant property calculations. The model has basically been used to determine the effect of the ejector geometry and operating conditions on the performance of the whole refrigeration system. The results show that the proposed model predicts ejector performance, entrainment ratio and the coefficient of performance of the system and their sensitivity to evaporating and generating temperature of the cascade refrigeration cycle. The simulated performance has been then compared with the available experimental data from the literature for validation.
Association of Picornavirus Infections With Acute Otitis Media in a Prospective Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Seppälä Elina M , Oikarinen Sami , Lehtonen Jussi P , Neupane Subas , Honkanen Hanna , Tyni Iiris , Siljander Heli , Ilonen Jorma , Sillanpää Saara , Laranne Jussi , Knip Mikael , Hyöty Heikki 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs), human enteroviruses (HEVs) and human parechoviruses (HPeVs) have been linked to acute otitis media (AOM). We evaluated this association in a prospective birth cohort setting.

Methods
A total of 324 healthy infants were followed up from birth to age 3 years. Nasal swab samples were collected at age 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months and screened for HRV and HEV using real-time reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Stool samples were collected monthly and analyzed for HRV, HEV, and HPeV. AOM episodes diagnosed by physicians were reported by parents in a diary. The association of viruses with AOM was analyzed using generalized estimation equations, and their relative contributions using population-attributable risk percentages.

Results
A clear association was found between AOM episodes and simultaneous detection of HEV (adjusted odds ratio for the detection of virus in stools, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–3.91) and HRV (1.54; 1.04–2.30). HPeV showed a similar, yet nonsignificant trend (adjusted odds ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, .81–2.56). HRV and HEV showed higher population-attributable risk percentages (25% and 20%) than HPeV (11%).

Conclusions
HEVs and HRVs may contribute to the development of AOM in a relatively large proportion of cases.
Evaluation and characterization of multimorbidity profiles, resource consumption and healthcare needs in extremely elderly people
Authors: Briongos-Figuero Laisa Socorro , Cobos-Siles Marta , Gabella-Martín Miriam , Abadía-Otero Jesica , Lobo-Valentin Rosa , Aguado-De-La-Fuente Ana , Vargas-Ruiz Beatriz , Martín-Escudero Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesSpanish population lifespan is one of the longest in the world. Moreover, it is known that elderly people have less chronic illnesses associated with aging. Our aims were to determine how Clinical Risk Group (CRG) predicts future use of healthcare resources in extremely elderly people without diabetes (T2DM) and to explore CRG correlation with health conditions.DesignProspective cross-sectional study.SettingRio Hortega University Hospital.ParticipantsHospitalized patients &gt;80 years old without T2DM, during 2017.Main outcome measuresMental status was evaluated using Pfeiffer test (SPMQS), Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADLs) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) were estimated using the Older Americans Resources and Services questionnaire. Comorbidity was evaluated using Charlson index (CI) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with EuroQoL (EQ5D3L). CRG classification system was obtained from electronic clinical records. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.15.0.ResultsIn total, 305 patients were identified (59% women), mean age 88 ± 5 and 38% were aged &gt;90. Estimated HRQoL was 0.43 ± 0.33 for EQ5D3L-index-value. Mean dependence level was 6.2 ± 5 for BADLs and 9.2 ± 5 for IADLs. In total, 31.6% of patients had severe cognitive impairment with a mean score of 5.4 ± 3.6 in SPMQS. In total, 30.2% of patients were categorized as G3, and presented high comorbidity more frequently than the rest. Corrected CI mean score was 6.2 ± 1.7. Significant relationship was founded in survival time, number of admissions and CI score.ConclusionsUsing predictive risk models like CRG is supposed to assess the complexity of morbidity but in our extremely elderly population partially fail in stratify and predict health resource consumption.
Capitalization
Authors: Gregoline Brenda 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Capitalization chapter of the 11th edition of the AMA Manual of Style provides guidance on capitalization in a wide variety of situations: first word of sentences, quotations, titles, and subtitles; titles and headings in articles, tables, figures, and boxes; hyphenated compounds; proper nouns (geographic names; sociocultural designations; events, awards, and legislation; eponyms and words derived from proper nouns; proprietary names; organisms; seasons, deities, and holidays; tests; official names; and titles and degrees of persons); designators; types and sections of articles; acronyms; computer terms; and “intercapped” compounds. New to this edition is a subsection on capitalization of URLs.
Correct and Preferred Usage
Authors: Frey Tracy , Young Roxanne K. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Correct and Preferred Usage chapter of the 11th edition of the AMA Manual of Style includes a large glossary of frequently misused or confused terms. In addition to this updated and cross-referenced glossary, additional examples illustrate other usage problems, such as redundant, expendable, and incomparable words and phrases; jargon; and back-formations. Specific advice is provided on describing the administration of drugs, age and sex referents, anatomy, clock referents, laboratory values, and articles before abbreviations and acronyms and before the aspirate h and nonvocalicy. Guidance is also provided on inclusive language (eg, sex/gender, presenting data in tables, personal pronouns, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status, and terminology for persons with diseases, disorders, or disabilities). New to this edition is a discussion of spelling and spacing variations, with preferences of the JAMA Network journals indicated.
A5 ADMISSION AND RE-ADMISSION FOR UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING ARE MORE COMMON IN REGIONS UNDERREPRESENTED BY GASTROENTEROLOGISTS: A POPULATION BASED COHORT STUDY
Authors: Charette J H , Stach J , Tanyingoh D , Coward S , Jelinski S , Lang E , van Zanten S , Morrin L , Reeb L , Grigat D , Hair H , Novak K L , Kaplan G G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Lack of access to gastroenterologists may influence outcomes for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB).

Aims
To evaluate admission and re-admissions for patients with UGIB across the five health zones in Alberta that vary by access to local gastroenterologists.

Methods
Administrative databases identified all patients presenting to an emergency department with an UGIB who were admitted to hospital in Alberta from 2010 to 2015 (n = 17143). Admissions were stratified based the patients’ residence: Calgary, Edmonton, South, Central and North. Log-linear regression assessed an Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC) in the incidence of UGIB hospitalizations with associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). Endoscopy and readmission to hospital within 30 days of discharge was evaluated.

Results
The per capita number of gastroenterologists was highest in Calgary (3.9 per 100,000) and Edmonton (3.8) as compared to Central (0.84), South (0.66), and North (0.41). Incidence of hospital admission for UGIB decreased in Alberta (AAPC=-6.9%; 95%CI: -8.4,-5.4); though rates for UGIB in Calgary and Edmonton was less common than non-metropolitan zones (Figure 1). Patients living in Calgary and Edmonton had lower 30-day hospital readmission rate (4.30% and 4.84%) as compared to North (11.95%), Central (10.74%), and South (8.24%) (Table 1). Patients in Calgary and Edmonton underwent endoscopic evaluation more frequently (79.6% and 76.1%) than the North, Central, and South (68.41%, 66.3%, and 71.36%).

Conclusions
Patients presenting to emergency departments with UGIB were more likely to be admitted to hospital and subsequently be re-admitted within 30-days of discharge in regions underrepresented by gastroenterologists. Improving access to local gastroenterologists in may reduce the burden of hospitalizations for an UGIB.

Funding Agencies
Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Health System (PRIHS) funded by Alberta Health Services and Alberta Innovates