bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health inequality among different economies during early phase of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Aung Myo Nyein , Koyanagi Yuka , Yuasa Motoyuki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: New corona virus outbreak originated in Wuhan, China, started in January 2020 is escalating as pandemic across the globe in March 2020. It causes unprecedented morbidity, shocked health systems and the supply chains in new epicenters such as Italy, Spain and the US., claiming thousands of lives. Meanwhile, the pandemic is reaching swiftly and silently, to low-income countries where international medias cover less. How likely health outcomes among the countries with different economies may differ during the pandemic has not been reported yet.Method: We conducted analysis of COVID-19 deaths comparing case fatality rate (CRF) among countries with different income categories, applying COVID-19 global data from European Centre for Disease Control including 199 countries’ data as of 31 March 2020, in the early phase of pandemic. We categorized countries into high income countries (HIC), upper-middle income countries (UMIC), lower middle-income countries (LMIC) and low-income countries (LIC) according to World Bank classification by income as of 2020.Result: Statistically, countries in different income groups are significantly different in term of new cases identified in last two weeks and case-fatality rate. (Manova P value <0.001). New tests and detected case numbers shot up in HICs where CFR shot up in LMICs and LICs. The results of this analysis pointed out an important gap among countries with different economic status during ongoing pandemic.Discussion: In the HIC, contact tracing, testing capacity and outbreak response as well as clinical services are strong. In the LICs, there is low capacity of outbreak response which is reflected by the significantly lower number of diagnosis tests. Consequently, reported number of COVID-19 cases in LICs may not reflect the actual burden of the pandemic. Without effective prevention, the pandemic can readily break into the weak health system, and over-burden the hospitals, and clinical services in poor countries.Conclusion: This finding is showing health inequality between the rich and the poor being amplified by COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing such a gap though the local governance and integrated global responses will not only prevent unprecedented deaths, but also preserve the momentum towards SDGs
Recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in upper respiratory tract samples from recovered patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Xin Hualei , Ma Guangren , Dong Liyan , Hu Xiaowen , Song Xin , Jiang Fachun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCase isolation and contacts tracing are the most widely used strategies to control the outbreak of COVID-19. However, little attention has been paid to the infectiousness of recovered patients with COVID-19.Case presentationIn this study, we reported a confirmed case of COVID-19 whose nasopharyngeal swab test of SARS-CoV-2 RNA turned positive 28 days after hospital discharged.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in respiratory tract sample 28 days after hospital discharged. Further studies about consecutive detection of SARS-CoV-2 combined with viral isolation among COVID-19 cases should be designed to determine the accurate contagious period.
Descriptive Analysis Of Femur Fracture Patterns, Management And Outcome: Descriptive Observational Study From A Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Ghouri Syed Imran , Asim Mohammad , Mustafa Fuad , Kanbar Ahad , Ellabib Mohamed , Jogol Hisham Al , Muneer Mohammed , Abdurraheim Nuri , Goel Aterik Pratap , Abdelrahman Husham , Al-Thani Hassan , El-Menyar Ayman 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background We aimed to assess the patterns, associated injuries, management and outcome of traumatic femoral fractures.Methods This retrospective study was conducted to include all trauma patients with femoral shaft fractures admitted in a level 1 trauma center between January 2012 and December 2015. Data were analyzed and compared according to the time to intramedullary nailing; mechanisms of injury and age groups.Results A total of 605 cases were analyzed, with mean age of 30.7±16.2 years.The majority of fractures were unilateral (96.7%) and 91% were closed fractures. Three-fourth of fractures were treated by reamed intramedullary nailing (rIMN); antegrade in 80%. The pyriform fossa nails were used in 71.6% while trochanteric entry nails was used in 28.4%. Forty five (8.9%) of fractures were treated with external fixator, 37 (6.1%) had conservative management. Victims of traffic-related accidents were younger, sustained severe injuries, and more likely to have rIMN and required more blood transfusion. Traffic-related injuries occured more in patients aged 14-30 years whereas; injuries related to fall were significantly higher in patients aged 31-59 years. Thirty-one patients (7.8%) had rIMN < 0-6 h, 106 (25.5%) had rIMN < 6-12 h and 267 (66.8%) had rIMN > 12 h. The implant type, duration of surgery, DVT prophylaxis, in-hospital complications and mortality were comparable among the three treatment groups.Conclusions the frequency of femoral fracture is 11% mainly in severely injured young males by traffic-related accidents and falls. Further multicenter studies are needed.
Fundamental Movement Skills and their Assessment in Primary Schools from the Perspective of Teachers
Authors: Eddy Lucy Hannah , Hill Liam J.B. , Mon-Williams Mark , Preston Nick , Daly-Smith Andy , Medd Gareth , Bingham Daniel D. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Evidence suggests that significant numbers of school children fail to acquire age-appropriate fundamental movement skills (FMS), despite the importance of FMS in facilitating participation in physical activities. This has led to calls for an increase in routine screening of children’s FMS in school settings. However, there is limited research exploring teachers’ knowledge of FMS, and the capacity of schools to conduct such assessments. This project therefore aimed to explore primary school teachers’ knowledge of FMS, and investigated what factors might influence the acceptability of FMS assessments in primary schools.
Methods
Primary school staff working in roles that directly impact the learning of children were invited to take a brief (10–15 minutes) online questionnaire developed using the COM-B Behaviour Change Model.
Results
Primary school staff (n = 851) from 32 countries (UK: n = 746, 88%) completed the questionnaire. A majority reported that knowledge of their pupils’ FMS ability would be beneficial (65.3%), and 71.8% said they would assess FMS if appropriate support was provided. Identified barriers to school-based FMS assessments included: Capability – few (15%) possessed knowledge of FMS; Opportunity – teachers reported that 30–60 minutes would be acceptable for assessing the FMS of a whole class, a substantially shorter period than current assessments require; Motivation – 57.2% stated FMS assessments would increase workload stress and 48% of teachers would be influenced by their peers. Solutions to these issues are discussed using the COM-B theoretical framework.
Conclusions
Current FMS assessment tools are not acceptable, or feasible for use in schools. There is a need for existing measures to be modified, or new tools to be developed, underpinned by the considerations outlined in this paper, if FMS screening in schools is to become a reality.
Utility of radiomics for predicting patient survival in hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Wu Kui , Shui Yongjie , Sun Wenzheng , Lin Sheng , Pang Haowen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to develop and validate the combination of radiomic features and clinical characteristics that can predict patient survival in HCC with PVTT treated with SBRT.
Materials and Methods
The prediction model was developed in a primary cohort of 70 patients with HCC and PVTT treated with SBRT, using data acquired between December 2015 and June 2017. The radiomic features were extracted from computed tomography (CT) scans. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was used to build the radiomic feature. Multivariate Cox-regression hazard models were created for analyzing survival outcomes and the radiomic features and clinical characteristics were presented with a nomogram. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the model. Participants were divided into a high-risk group and a low-risk group based on the radiomic features.
Results
A total of seven radiomic features and five clinical characteristics were extracted for survival analysis. A combination of the radiomic features and clinical characteristics resulted in better performance for the estimation of overall survival (OS) [AUC = 0.859 (CI: 0.770–0.948)] than that with clinical characteristics alone [AUC = 0.761 (CI: 0.641–0.881)]. These patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups according to the radiomic features.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that a nomogram of combined radiomic features and clinical characteristics can be conveniently used to facilitate individualized preoperative prediction of OS in patients with HCC with PVTT before SBRT.
Feasibility of Hybrid 67Gallium-Citrate SPECT/CT Fusion Imaging for Identifying Patients with Osteomyelitis Awaiting Ostectomy
Authors: Kirinoki-Ichikawa Sonoko , Takagi Gen , Miyamoto Masaaki , Fukushima Yoshimitsu , Tara Shuhei , Kumita Shinichiro , Shimizu Wataru 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
PurposeCo-existence of ischemia and osteomyelitis strongly increase the risk of limb amputation, however, there is no established non-invasive assessment. This single-center cohort study used propensity score-matched analysis. We evaluated the clinical feasibility of hybrid 67Ga-citrate single photon emission computed tomography and X-ray computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for early diagnosis, severity assessment, and prognosis determination in these patients. Method We enrolled consecutive patients with suspected osteomyelitis with mean follow-up of 5.5 years. All patients underwent 67Ga SPECT/CT before and 4 weeks after treatment. Osteomyelitis diagnosis was based on histopathology and bacteriology of surgical sample, bone probing, or imaging follow-up. The diagnostic accuracy of bone resection rates and long-term prognoses were determined based on the target-to-background ratio (TBR). Results Among 90 patients who underwent 67Ga SPECT/CT imaging, the initial average TBR of 67Ga-citrate accumulation was 9.1 ± 12.3. TBR significantly improved following treatment (4.3 ± 3.8, p < 0.01, Wilcoxon test), and the rate of limb salvage was 80%. After propensity score matching, the pre-treatment TBR cutoff for bone resection was 10.1 (sensitivity: 85%, specificity: 82%, area under the curve: 0.87). Significant differences in long-term prognosis following bone resection were also observed often when above this cutoff point (TBR ≥ 10.1, 85.2% vs TBR < 10.1, 17.2%, p < 0.001, log-rank test). Conclusions Coupling of hybrid 67Ga-citrate SPECT/CT fusion imaging by TBR analysis revealed severity thresholds for bone resection, and could be used to assess long-term limb prognosis. 67Ga SPECT/CT fusion imaging may aid in making decisions regarding cases of suspected osteomyelitis.Trial registration:UMIN000022208, date of registration. Registered 1 January 2012, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000009900
Zonal Adjusted PSA Density Improves Prostate Cancer Detection Rates Compared with PSA in Taiwanese Males with PSA &lt; 20 ng/mL
Authors: Chang Tsung-Hsin , Lin Wun-Rong , Tsai Wei-Kung , Chiang Pai-Kai , Chen Marcelo , Tseng Jen-Shu , Chiu Allen W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The current study aimed to compare the efficacy of transition zone PSA density (TZPSAD) with traditional PSA and PSA density (PSAD), for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) in Taiwanese males.Methods: Men with PSA between 4.0 and 20.0 ng/mL who underwent a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy between the studied period were retrospectively identified. The demographic data, PSAD and TZPSAD were calculated in all patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the accuracy of a positive PCa diagnosis.Results: The area under the ROC (AUC) was 0.615, 0.748 and 0.746 for PSA, PSAD and TZPSAD, respectively. The best cut-off of value for TZPSAD in predicting PCa in men with a PSA of 4.0–10.0 ng/ml was 0.367 ng/ml/ml with a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 77.5%. In men with a PSA of 10.1–20.0 ng/ml, the best cut-off value was 0.454 ng/ml, with a sensitivity of 74.8% and specificity of 70.9%.Conclusion: The use of TZPSAD may improve the efficacy and specificity of PSA for the diagnosis of PCa in Taiwanese men with PSA 4.0–20.0 ng/ml. TZPSAD efficacy was similar to PSAD but TZPSAD had better specificity.
Giant Invasive Spinal Schwannoma With Vertebral Body Collapse In The Cervical Spine: A Case Report
Authors: Liang Ze-Yan , Wang Zhe-Wei , Chen Xin-Yao , CHEN CHUNMEI 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Study Design: A case report.Objective: To describe the first case of GISS with VBC in the cervical spine, analyze the clinical features and surgical outcomes, and discuss diagnosis and treatment strategies.Summary of Background Data: The giant invasive spinal schwannoma (GISS) extends more than two vertebral levels, erodes the vertebral body and extends posteriorly and laterally into the myofascial plane. To the best of our knowledge, never before has there been a report of GISS with vertebral body collapse (VBC).Methods: A 44-year-old man was admitted as a result of a 1-year history of limb weakness and defecation difficulties. Power were reduced in all limbs: right upper limb middle finger muscle strength was 2/5, both lower limb hip flexion and knee flexion muscle strength was 3/5, and the muscle strength of the remaining limbs was 0/5. Preoperative MRI revealed that an extradural tumor, localized at the C3 to C5 levels, invaded the C4 vertebral body and attachment. A two-stage operation by posterior and anterolateral approaches was performed. One year after surgery, the patient could walk and write unassissted, and strength was regained to 4/5 in the upper extremities and 5/5 in the lower extremities. MRI showed no recurrence of the tumor. CT showed good fusion of the vertebral bodies, and X-ray films confirmed stable fixation materials without loosening or displacement. The bowel function has improved though patient remains only able to defecate in bed.Conclusions: We herein describe the case of GISS with VBC in the cervical spine. Paired with imaging for malignant features, MRIs meeting the criteria for GISS diagnosis may reveal similar cases that could be preoperatively evaluated by biopsy for optimal surgical planning.
Applying the Behaviour Change Wheel: insights into the development of the breastfeeding component of the Baby Buddy smartphone app
Authors: Musgrave Loretta , Baum Alison , Perera Nilushka , Homer Caroline SE , Gordon Adrienne 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBreastfeeding plays a major role in the health of mothers and babies and has the potential to positively shape an individual’s life both in the short and long-term. In the United Kingdom (UK), despite around 81% of women initiating breastfeeding, only 1% of women breastfeed exclusively to 6 months as recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Women who are socially disadvantaged and younger, are less likely to breastfeed at 6-8 weeks postpartum. One strategy that aims to improve these statistics is the Baby Buddy app which has been designed, developed and implemented by the UK charity Best Beginnings to be a universal intervention to help reduce health inequalities, including breastfeeding. The aim was this study was to retrospectively examine the development of Baby Buddy as a Digital Behaviour Change Intervention (DBCI) that may increase breastfeeding self-efficacy, knowledge and confidence to positively impact breastfeeding rates and duration.MethodsThe study used a three-stage process evaluation, triangulation methods and formalised tools. A retrospective evaluation was done after the app was developed and embedded. The app development process and content were reviewed by applying the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW), Capability, Opportunity and Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) system and Behaviour Change Techniques Taxonomy (BCTTv1). A clear understanding of behaviours that need to change in pregnancy to improve breastfeeding knowledge, self-efficacy and confidence was sought. ResultsRetrospective application of the BCW, COM-B and BCTTv1 confirmed that the Baby Buddy app is a well-designed DBCI, appealing particularly to younger women and women for whom English is not their first language. The Best Beginnings charity used several frameworks and guidelines and the use of these instruments contributed to the good design and development of Baby Buddy. Content analysis verified that the resources developed could affect attitudes and assist women to make decisions, and perceptions of self-efficacy in relation to breastfeeding. ConclusionsBaby Buddy has the potential to improve breastfeeding knowledge, confidence and self-efficacy. Future research should assess which components of the app are most effective on breastfeeding and whether it has an impact on clinical health outcomes for mothers and babies.
Why do we die? Uncovering the genetic connections causing COVID-19 disease severity&nbsp;
Authors: Cordoza Keyana , Hoch Magen , Montz Frederic B. , Froeschke Bridgette F. , Dobrinski Kimberly P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 attacks randomly causing deaths among certain populations. Additionally, this disease seems to kill males preferentially. This study investigates why by examining single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) correlated with increased protein expression associated with viral infection of cells leading to disease proliferation. ACE2, the assumed host cell receptor for the virus is believed to be assisted by co-receptors ENPEP and ANPEP. TMPRSS2 cleaves the S viral protein into two sub-units allowing viral binding to the ACE2 receptor. ACE2 found on the X-chromosome has SNPs increasing ACE2 expression found at frequencies greater than 50% in all male populations analyzed which could account for the increase in male deaths. Females would undergo X-inactivation for the SNPs and have protection from the increased ACE2 expression in all their cells. ACE2, ENPEP, and TMPRSS2 were also found to have population specific SNP patterns which could account for the increased prevalence of disease among certain populations.
Clinical observation of different treatment strategies in pregnant women with COVID-19: a retrospective study
Authors: Lei Gang , Tian Jinghua , Peng Shuangqin , Hu Xiaoji , Zhang Pei , Wu Wen-ning , Xiong Guoping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective: this study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics, obstetrical and fetal outcomes of patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in different stage during pregnancy.Methods: 13 pregnant women with COVID-19 were admitted to Wuhan central hospital and Renmin hospital of Wuhan university between Jan 20 and march 20, 2020, including four patients in first and second trimester demanding for pregnancy termination, seven in first and second trimester and two in third trimester keeping pregnancy. The two groups’ clinical characteristics, treatment and maternal and fetal outcomes were observed and analyzed.Results: Most common clinical manifestation were fever and cough. Among the patients keeping pregnancy, one had a spontaneous miscarriage and fetal malformation was found in another one. Two patients who had a vaginal delivery presented good maternal and neonatal outcomes. All patients showed a good recovery. Conclusion: SARS-COV-2 infection could cause spontaneous miscarriage and fetal malformation in early pregnancy.
Phylogenetic supertree reveals detailed evolution of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Li Tingting , Liu Dongxia , Yang Yadi , Guo Jiali , Feng Yujie , Zhang Xinmo , Cheng Shilong , Feng Jie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is spreading globally. The origin of SARS-Cov-19 and its evolutionary relationship is still ambiguous. Several reports attempted to figure out this critical issue by genome-based phylogenetic analysis, with limited progress. Here we applied phylogenetic supertree analysis to study the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Phylogenetic supertree analysis firmly disputes the accuracy of bat coronavirus RaTG13 be the last common ancestor of SARS- CoV-2s reported in other phylogenetic tree analysis based on viral genome sequences, although RaTG13 shows 96.5% similarity with SARS-CoV-2 in the genome. Therefore, viewing RaTG13 as the last common ancestor of SARS-CoV-2 would seriously mislead phylogenetic inference of SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, the discovery of evolution and mutation in SARS-CoV-2s was achieved by phylogenetic supertree analysis. Taken together, the phylogenetic supertree showed extraordinary priority on the SARS-CoV-2 evolution inference relative to the normal phylogenetic tree based on full-length genomic sequences.
Crystal Chemistry and Thermal Behavior of Fe-Carpholite from the Pollino Massif, Southern Italy
Authors: Mesto Ernesto , Laurita Salvatore , Lacalamita Maria , Sinisi Rosa , Rizzo Giovanna , Schingaro Emanuela , Mongelli Giovanni 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe crystal chemistry and thermal behavior of Fe-carpholite from the Pollino Massif have been investigated by a multi-method approach. A combination of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, mRaman spectroscopy, thermal analysis, room-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction was employed.Field and micromorphological observations showed that the studied carpholite occurs in veins embedded in fine-grained matapelites and coexist with quartz, calcite, chlorite, and phengite. In particular, the tiny carpholite crystals are closely associated with quartz, suggesting simultaneous formation.Structure refinements from single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirm that carpholite crystallizes in the Ccce space group. Anisotropic refinements converged at 2.3 ≤ R (%) ≤ 2.6 and yielded unit-cell parameters a ~13.77 Å, b ~20.16 Å, c ~5.11 Å, and V ~1419 Å3. An XFe [i.e., the molar fraction Fe2+/(Mg+Fe2++Mn)] of ~0.6 was derived from the refined occupancy at the M1 site and is correlated to structural expansion mainly along the b and a axes and to geometrical distortions of the M1, M2, and M3 octahedra. mRaman spectrum of unoriented Fe-carpholite crystals exhibits several bands in the 200–1200 cm–1 region, a strong peak at 3630 cm–1 and a weak peak at 3593 cm–1, the latter two of which account for the presence of two independent OH groups, as also revealed by the X-ray structure refinement.The TG curve indicates a total mass loss of 15.6% in the temperature range 30–1000 °C, and the DTA curve shows a broad endothermic band at ~400 °C, extending up to ~650 °C, and weak exothermic peaks at ~700 and 750 °C. The latter may be ascribed to the breakdown of the Fe-carpholite structure and crystallization of new phases. The in situ high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction from 30 to 1105 °C revealed no significant changes in XRD patterns from 30 to 355 °C but reflection splittings from 380 °C due to a Fe-oxidation/deprotonation process. The carpholite and deprotonated carpholite phases coexist in the temperature range 380–580 °C, whereas only the deprotonated phase is observed up to 630 °C. Above this temperature, the carpholite structure collapses and the characteristic peaks of spinel and quartz phases are observed. At 1105 °C, spinel, mullite, garnet, cristobalite, and tridymite can be clearly identified. Our results provide insight into the thermal stability of Fe-carpholites and may help understand the thermal evolution of HP/LT metasediments.