bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the factors related to difficult ultrasound‐guided radial artery catheterization in small children: A prospective observational study
Authors: Jung Oh Eun , Jin Min Jeong , Su Kim Chung , Yun Hwang Ji , Gook Joonhee , Lee Jong‐Hwan 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAlthough ultrasound guidance has significantly improved the success rate of radial artery catheterization, the failure rate in children is still high. For the further improvement of success rate, we prospectively evaluated the factors that make ultrasound‐guided radial artery catheterization difficult in children under two years old.MethodsFrom October 2018 to September 2019, patients who required radial artery catheterization for surgery were enrolled. After collecting the anatomical characteristics of the radial artery using ultrasound at the puncture site, ultrasound‐guided radial artery catheterization was performed by one experienced anaesthesiologist. The primary outcome was to identify the factors related to the first attempt failure. The factors associated with the total duration of the procedure until success were also evaluated.ResultsA total of 183 children were included in the analysis. A radial artery cross‐sectional area of ≤1 mm2 (odds ratio [OR] = 5.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.48‐11.18; P < .0001) and the presence of an anomalous radial artery branch (OR = 3.37; 95% CI, 1.43‐7.95; P = .005) were independent predictors of first‐attempt failure during ultrasound‐guided radial artery catheterization. The total procedure time was also negatively associated with the small cross‐sectional area (P < .001).ConclusionsA cross‐sectional area of ≤ 1 mm2 and the presence of an anomalous branch of radial artery significantly increased the difficulty of ultrasound‐guided radial artery catheterization in children under two years old. In patients of these ages, pre‐procedural ultrasound scanning to find an optimal site for catheterization may increase the first‐attempt success rate although further studies are needed to verify our results.Trial RegistrationClinical Research Information Service (https://crits.nih.go.kr, October 6, 2018 [KCT0003239]; Principle investigator: Jong‐Hwan Lee).
Prospective Study Examining the Effects of Extreme Drinking on Brain Structure in Emerging Adults
Authors: Hua Jessica P. Y. , Sher Kenneth J. , Boness Cassandra L. , Trela Constantine J. , McDowell Yoanna E. , Merrill Anne M. , Piasecki Thomas M. , Kerns John G. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundEmerging adulthood is a critical neurodevelopment period in which extreme drinking has a potentially pronounced neurotoxic effect. Therefore, extreme drinking, even a single episode, could be particularly harmful to the developing brain’s structure. Relatedly, heavy alcohol use in emerging adults has been associated with structural brain damage, especially in the corpus callosum. However, it is unclear whether and how much a single extreme drinking episode would affect brain morphometry.MethodsFor the first time in the literature, the current study prospectively examined the impact of an extreme drinking episode (i.e., twenty‐first birthday celebration) on the brain morphometry of emerging adults immediately following their birthday celebration (n = 50) and approximately 5 weeks post–birthday celebration (n = 29).ResultsWe found evidence that a single extreme drinking episode was associated with structural changes immediately post–birthday celebration. Specifically, higher twenty‐first birthday estimated blood‐alcohol concentration was associated with decreased volume of the posterior and central corpus callosum immediately post–birthday celebration. This extreme drinking episode was not associated with further structural changes, or recovery, 5 weeks post–twenty‐first birthday celebration.ConclusionsOverall, results suggest that a single episode of heavy drinking in emerging adulthood may be associated with immediate structural changes of the corpus callosum. Thus, emerging adulthood, which is characterized by high rates of extreme drinking, could be a critical period for targeted prevention and intervention.
In search of a dose–response relationship in SSRIs—a systematic review, meta‐analysis, and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Braun C. , Adams A. , Rink L. , Bschor T. , Kuhr K. , Baethge C. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveRecent meta‐analyses on dose–response relationships of SSRIs are largely based on indirect evidence. We analyzed RCTs directly comparing different SSRI doses.MethodSystematic literature search for RCTs. Two raters independently screened articles and extracted data. Across SSRIs, doses defined as low, medium, and high doses, based on drug manufacturers’ product monographs, were analyzed in pairwise random‐effects meta‐analyses and in a sensitivity network meta‐analysis with regard to differences in antidepressive efficacy (primary outcome). We also analyzed all direct comparisons of different dosages of specific SSRIs. (Prospero CRD42018081031).ResultsOut of 5333 articles screened, we included 33. Comparisons of dosage groups (low, medium, and high) resulted in only small and clinically non‐significant differences for SSRIs as a group, the strongest relating to medium vs low doses (SMD: −0.15 [95%‐CI: −0.28; −0.01) and not sustained in a sensitivity analysis. Among different doses of specific SSRIs, no statistically significant trend emerged for efficacy at higher doses, but 60 mg/day fluoxetine are statistically significantly inferior to 20 mg/day. Paroxetine results are inconclusive: 10 mg/day are inferior to higher doses, but 30 and 40 mg/day are inferior to 20 mg/day. Meaningful effects cannot be ruled out for certain drugs and dosages, often investigated in only one trial. Dropout rates increase with dose—particularly due to side effects. Network meta‐analyses supported our findings.ConclusionsThere is no conclusive level I or level II evidence of a clinically meaningful dose–response relationship of SSRIs as a group or of single substances. High SSRI doses are not recommended as routine treatment.
Relative contribution to the shark fin trade of Indo‐Pacific and Eastern Pacific pelagic thresher sharks
Authors: Cardeñosa D. , Fields A. T. , Shea S. K. H. , Feldheim K. A. , Chapman D. D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFins from highly mobile shark species entering large shark fin trade hubs can originate from various geographical locations and stocks. Tracing fins from internationally regulated species to their starting point in the supply chain can have important implications for the monitoring and enforcement of international laws intended to protect threatened shark species. Here we use pelagic thresher shark Alopias pelagicus fin samples (N = 86) collected during a 4‐year period (2014–2017), and phylogenetic analyses, using the cytochrome oxidase I (COI), to determine the relative contribution of this species to the two largest shark fin trade hubs in the world, Hong Kong and Guangzhou, mainland China. Our results suggest that the Eastern Pacific is a major starting point of the international supply chain of pelagic thresher shark fins, contributing 84.9% of the analyzed market‐derived fin samples. We suggest that capacity building investments are needed in Eastern Pacific countries to increase the efficiency of border control inspections and improve the enforcement of international trade regulations for this threatened shark species. Our study highlights the utility of combining population genetics data and large‐scale market surveys to trace wildlife products back to the starting point in the supply chain and support the assessment of emerging management and conservation measures for exploited sharks.
Revised guidelines for educational requirements for specialisation in endodontics in Australia and New Zealand (July 2020)
Authors: Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero , Damiani Fabrizio , Love Robert M , George Roy , Parashos Peter , Wu Morgan Cheng‐Yin , Friedlander Lara , Peters Ove A , Moule Alex J , Abbott Paul V 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThese revised guidelines developed by the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc. and the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Endodontists for educational requirements for specialisation in endodontics in Australia and New Zealand (version 2020) propose minimum criteria for training specialists in our field. The document contains a definition of endodontics and a description of the scope of endodontics. It proposes criteria for selection of the students and describes the proposed main features and a general outline of the education programme.
Walnut twig beetle landing rates differ between host and nonhost hardwood trees under the influence of aggregation pheromone in a northern California riparian forest
Authors: Homicz Crystal S. , Audley Jackson P. , Chen Yigen , Bostock Richard M. , Tauber Catherine A. , Seybold Steven J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Host selection behaviour of the walnut twig beetle (WTB) among hardwood trees was investigated in a riparian forest in northern California by monitoring the landing rate of the beetle with sticky traps on branches baited with 3‐methyl‐2‐buten‐1‐ol, the male‐produced aggregation pheromone.
The assay was conducted over 7 days (22 May to 29 May 2017) and compared landing rates on branches of six nonhost species paired with northern California black walnut, Juglans hindsii (the host).
A total of 2242/1192 WTB were collected on branches of host/nonhost pairs, and more WTB landed on J. hindsii than on nonhosts in 42 of 58 instances. Female landing rate generally exceeded male landing rate, which underscores the influence of the male‐produced synthetic pheromone in this system.
Landing rates of WTB males, females, and the combined sexes on boxelder, Acer negundo, and valley oak, Quercus lobata, did not differ significantly from the landing rates on J. hindsii, suggesting that these two nonhost riparian hardwoods do not repel WTB (in the context of the aggregation pheromone).
Significantly fewer WTB landed on Oregon ash, Fraxinus latifolia, river red gum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Fremont cottonwood, Populus fremontii, and red willow, Salix laevigata, than on J. hindsii, which suggests that these four nonhosts may repel one or both sexes of WTB in the context of the aggregation pheromone. Future analysis of the volatiles from these four hardwood species may lead to the discovery of semiochemical repellents for WTB.
Slight volume changes in the duck lung do not imply a fundamental change in the structure of the parenchyma
Authors: Makanya Andrew N. , Kavoi Boniface M. , Kihurani David O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSlight changes in lung volume have previously been reported in ducks. We studied the functional structure of the lung of the domestic duck using classical anatomical techniques as well as ultrasound monitoring to unravel the causes of such changes. Later dorsal and medioventral secondary bronchi were superficially positioned and covered with a thin transparent and collapsible membrane, internally lined with a cuboidal to squamous epithelium. The lung parenchyma was rigid, with atria well supported by septa containing smooth muscles, interparabronchial septa reinforced by collagen fibres, and blood capillaries supported by epithelial plates. On ultrasound monitoring, an outward and inward movement of the lung surface during inspiration and expiration, respectively, was evident at the region where the airways were covered by the thin membranes. The movements plausibly facilitated air movement in the lung just like the air sacs. We conclude that volume changes in the duck lung occur due to a slight morphological adaptation rather than a change in the archetypical design of the avian lung parenchyma.
Association of variants inPTPN22,CTLA‐4,IL2‐RA, andINSgenes with type 1 diabetes in Emiratis
Authors: Sharma Charu , R. Ali Bassam , Osman Wael , Afandi Bachar , Aburawi Elhadi H. , Beshyah Salem A , Al‐Mahayri Zeina , Al‐Rifai Rami H. , Al Yafei Zain , ElGhazali Gehad , Alkaabi Juma 
Published: September 2020

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a complex interrelation of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic studies have reported HLA and non‐HLA loci as significant contributors to T1D. However, the genetic basis of T1D among Emiratis is unexplored. This study aims to determine the contribution of four genesPTPN22,CTLA‐4,IL2‐RA, andINSto T1D risk among Emiratis. The association between variants inPTPN22(rs2476601, rs1310182),CTLA‐4(rs11571316, rs231775, rs3087243, rs1427676, and rs231727),IL2‐RA(rs7090530), andINS(rs7111341) with T1D was tested in 310 Emiratis (139 T1D patients and 171 controls). A significant association was found at rs1310182, and rs2476601 both inPTPN22, rs3087243, and rs231775 both inCTLA‐4, and rs12251307 inIL2‐RA. Moreover, a haplotype constituted from GG and AG genotypes at rs231727 and rs231775, respectively, inCTLA‐4was significantly associated with an increased T1D risk. The cumulative effects of risk alleles for all significantly associated SNPs showed 11.8 higher relative risk for T1D for those who carry 5–6 compared to 0–1 risk alleles. This study illustrated thatPTPN22, CTLA‐4, andIL2‐RAgene variants could confer risk alleles for T1D among the Emirati population.
Impact of COVID‐19 on cancer patients: A review
Authors: Cavalcanti Iago Dillion Lima , Soares José Cleberson Santos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo inform about the impact of COVID‐19 on cancer patients, a literature review was carried out, using the descriptors “COVID‐19,” “SARS‐CoV‐2,” “Oncology,” and “Coronavirus,” in the Pubmed, Sciencedirect, and Scifinder databases. Fifty‐three articles were included after analyzing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, being divided into five sessions: Epidemiological aspects of COVID‐19; Pathophysiology of COVID‐19; Clinical aspects of cancer patients; Risks to cancer patients infected with COVID‐19; and Care for cancer patients amid a pandemic. The cancer patient has a weakened immune system, due to characteristics specific to the development of cancer or even chemotherapy, leaving these patients more susceptible to infections by COVID‐19. Thus, the development of protection plans for cancer patients should be encouraged, reducing the exposure of these patients to the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, contributing to the maintenance of the health of the cancer patient, and avoiding possible therapeutic complications that can lead the patient to death.
Detection rates of missing microsurgical needles using intra‐operative imaging
Authors: McCombe Alistair , Heald Alicia , Wagels Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnintentional retention of foreign bodies in surgery is uncommon but potentially serious. Published data regarding the consequence of retained surgical needles is sparse. We aimed to characterize lost surgical needles at our institution. Secondarily, we aimed to determine whether or not retained microsurgical needles can be reliably detected.MethodsReports of missing surgical needles at our institution were reviewed. Surgical needles of relevant sizes were scattered across an anthropomorphic model at representative anatomical locations. Fluoroscopic images of the field were acquired using two resolution settings. Medical staff in our department attempted to locate needles in these images.ResultsA total of 46 323 procedures were performed in the main theatres in the 2.5‐year period. Sixty‐two needles were reported as missing. No patient harm was documented. Needles of chord length 16 mm (5–0) or greater were always detected. High‐resolution fluoroscopy improves detection of needles with chord lengths of 9.3 (7–0) or 6.6 mm (9–0). Needles are consistently better detected in the lower limb for needles of chord length greater than 6.6 mm (9–0). Senior observers under ideal conditions can detect 7.1% of smaller needles.ConclusionWhen a needle is lost during surgery, consider the following before ordering fluoroscopy. Needles of chord length greater than 13 mm (6–0) should be reliably detected whilst 3.8 mm (10–0) needles will not. For sizes in between, ideal conditions for detection may include an operating field in the lower limb, high‐resolution fluoroscopy and a senior observer. It may not be necessary or cost effective to identify microsurgical needles with fluoroscopy.
Comparison of absorbable and permanent sutures for laparoscopic sacrocervicopexy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tagliaferri Valeria , Ruggieri Stefania , Taccaliti Chiara , Gentile Cosimo , Didonna Teodora , D’asta Marco , Legge Francesco , Guida Piero , Scambia Giovanni , Guido Maurizio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionPelvic organ prolapse is a common cause of morbidity and decreased quality of life among women and is treatable by laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. Recent data suggest that absorbable sutures are a feasible and appealing option for mesh attachment given a potential decreased risk of complications related to mesh erosion. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the non‐inferiority of absorbable sutures to permanent sutures for laparoscopic sacrocervicopexy.Material and methodsWe performed a randomized, single‐blinded, non‐inferiority trial comparing late‐absorbable sutures (group A) to non‐absorbable sutures (group B) for anterior and posterior vaginal mesh fixation during laparoscopic sacrocervicopexy at a single center in Italy. The primary outcome was prolapse correction at 12 months after surgery, defined as the absence of a pelvic organ prolapse leading edge reaching or extending below the level of the hymen and the absence of bulge symptoms. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative parameters, postoperative characteristics, and long‐term morbidity. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 16.ResultsA total of 150 patients with pelvic organ prolapse were prospectively randomized 1:1 into two groups (A or B). Baseline characteristics and intraoperative parameters including blood loss, operation time, and intraoperative complications were comparable between groups. The success rate was 100% in both groups and no differences in prolapse correction were observed. The rates of de novo urinary incontinence and persistent urinary incontinence were also similar between groups. The rate of mesh erosion at 12 months was 0% in group A and 4% in group B (P = .24).ConclusionsLate absorbable sutures are non‐inferior to non‐absorbable sutures for laparoscopic sacrocervicopexy in terms of procedural success. Moreover we did not see any differences in terms of operative parameters, or intraoperative and postoperative characteristics, although the study was not powered to these outcomes.
The role of vision‐related problems in fatal road accidents in Finland
Authors: Wedenoja Juho , Kalsi Juhani , Salenius Salla , Parkkari Kalle , Kaarniranta Kai , Tervo Timo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the significance of vision‐related problems in fatal motor vehicle accidents (FMVAs) based on a systematic investigation process by multidisciplinary road accident investigation teams (RAITs).MethodsRetrospective registry‐based study of all FMVAs during the years 2012–2016 in Finland in which driver causing the accident had a valid Finnish driving licence and the operated motor vehicle required having a driving licence.ResultsThere were a total of 968 FMVAs. In only 1.3% of all the accidents, a vision‐related problem was considered to have contributed to the FMVA, while an observational failure of 23.6% was the leading cause of all the FMVAs.ConclusionsEye‐originating vision problems are rarely a causative risk for FMVAs in Finland. Making current visual standards more stringent would unlikely to be effective in FMVA prevention.
A randomised crossover trial of closed loop automated oxygen control in preterm, ventilated infants
Authors: Sturrock Sarah , Ambulkar Hemant , Williams Emma E. , Sweeney Samantha , Bednarczuk Nadja F. , Dassios Theodore , Greenough Anne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo determine whether closed loop automated oxygen control resulted in a reduction in the duration and severity of desaturation episodes and the number of blood gases and chest radiographs in preterm, ventilated infants.MethodsInfants were studied on two consecutive days for 12 hours on each day. They were randomised to receive standard care (standard period) or standard care with a closed loop automated oxygen control system (automated oxygen control period) first.ResultsTwenty‐four infants with a median gestational age of 25.7 (range 23.1‐32.6) weeks were studied at a median postconceptional age of 27.4 (range 24.3‐34.9) weeks. During the automated oxygen control period, there were fewer desaturations that lasted >30 seconds (P = .032) or >60 seconds (P = .002), infants spent a higher proportion of the time within their target SpO2 range during the automated oxygen control period (P < .001), and fewer manual adjustments were made to the inspired oxygen concentration (mean 0.58 vs mean 11.29) (P < .001). There were no significant differences in the number of blood gases (P = .872) or chest radiographs (P = .366) between the two periods.ConclusionClosed loop automated oxygen delivery resulted in fewer prolonged desaturations with more time spent in the targeted oxygen range.
Overview of rearing and testing conditions and a guide for optimizing Galleria mellonella breeding and use in the laboratory for scientific purposes
Authors: Pereira Monalessa Fábia , Rossi Ciro César 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe greater wax moth Galleria mellonella is an increasingly popular and consolidated alternative infection model to assess microbial virulence and the effectiveness of antimicrobial compounds. The lack of G. mellonella suppliers aiming at scientific purposes and a lack of well‐established protocols for raising and testing these animals may impact results and reproducibility between different laboratories. In this review, we discuss the state of the art of rearing the larvae in situ, providing an overview of breeding and testing conditions commonly used and their influence on larval health and experiments results, from setting up the environment, providing the ideal diet, understanding the effects of pretreatments, choosing the best testing conditions, to exploring the most from the results obtained. Meanwhile, we guide the reader through the most practical ways of dealing with G. mellonella to achieve successful experiments.