bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movement Disorders in Genetic Pediatric Ataxias
Authors: Gana Simone , Valente Enza Maria 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundGenetic pediatric ataxias are heterogeneous rare disorders, mainly inherited as autosomal‐recessive traits. Most forms are progressive and lack effective treatment, with relevant socioeconomical impact. Albeit ataxia represents the main clinical feature, the phenotype can be more complex, with additional neurological and nonneurological signs being described in several forms.Methods and ResultsIn this review, we provide an overview of the occurrence and spectrum of movement disorders in the most relevant forms of childhood‐onset genetic ataxias. All types of hypokinetic and hyperkinetic movement disorders of variable severity have been reported. Movement disorders occasionally represent the symptom of onset, predating ataxia even of a few years and therefore challenging an early diagnosis. Their pathogenesis still remains poorly defined, as it is not yet clear whether movement disorders may directly relate to the cerebellar pathology or result from an extracerebellar dysfunction, including the basal ganglia.ConclusionRecognition of the complete movement disorder phenotype in genetic pediatric ataxias has important implications for diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling.
Clinical Impact of Deep Brain Stimulation on the Autonomic System in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Bellini Gabriele , Best Laura A. , Brechany Una , Mills Russell , Pavese Nicola 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe role of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the management of motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease is well defined. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that DBS can either improve or worsen a number of non‐motor phenomena.ObjectivesWe examined the published literature to better understand the effects on autonomic symptoms following DBS of the subthalamic nucleus and the globus pallidus interna.MethodsWe conducted a PubMed search of studies regarding the effects of DBS on the autonomic system published from January 2001. We searched for the following terms and their combinations: Parkinson's disease, deep brain stimulation, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus interna, autonomic dysfunction.ResultsMost studies reported in the literature focus on DBS targeting the subthalamic nucleus, with particular emphasis on favorable outcomes regarding gastrointestinal function and bladder control. However, the emergence or worsening of autonomic symptoms in subgroups of patients has also been documented. More controversial is the effect of stimulation on the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and thermo‐regulatory systems as well as sexual functioning. Data regarding the influence of DBS on the autonomic system when the target is the globus pallidus interna is less forthcoming, with target selection varying according to centre and clinical indication.ConclusionsDBS appears to affect the autonomic nervous system, with varying degrees of influence, which may or may not be clinically beneficial for the patient. A better understanding of these effects could help personalize stimulation for individual patients with autonomic disorders and/or avoid autonomic symptoms in susceptible patients.
Outcomes of a conservative care program for knee osteoarthritis through translation of research into practice
Authors: Ross Andrew , Gascon Gregg M. , Snow Richard , Sawchyn Greg , DeRoads Kristin , Ruane Joseph J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionEvidence‐based guidelines suggest a conservative, nonsurgical approach as first‐line treatment for knee osteoarthritis. However, previous literature has documented underutilization of the fundamental components of condition management emphasized in the guidelines. The intervention aim is to apply organized conservative components of care for knee osteoarthritis in an evidence‐based management program through the translation of research into practice with a target to observe meaningful functional improvement in a distinct population.MethodsThe program, modeled after the nonsurgical arm of a randomized, controlled trial, was designed as a single‐arm observational cohort study with a pre‐ and post‐program comparison for participants reporting presence of knee osteoarthritis who were attributed to a specific employer's health plan in the United States. The 12‐week intervention consisted of condition education, group exercise, and a dietary intervention.ResultsNinety‐six participants enrolled in the program, of which 72% completed the protocol. The median change in pre‐ to post‐program Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score values was 10.4 ± 0.8 (Z = 210.5, p < 0.001)—a clinically important change. Secondary outcomes were complementary to the primary outcome.ConclusionsResults of the program indicate that the clinically significant 3‐month findings in the report by Skou et al. (2015) regarding functional improvement can be replicated in an alternate setting. Organizing and offering fundamental components of condition management in a group format with provider oversight could be a feasible and logical component in the continuum of care for knee osteoarthritis, while complementing other secondary management strategies following diagnosis.
Hyperpolarized 13C MRI data acquisition and analysis in prostate and brain at University of California, San Francisco
Authors: Crane Jason C. , Gordon Jeremy W. , Chen Hsin‐Yu , Autry Adam W. , Li Yan , Olson Marram P. , Kurhanewicz John , Vigneron Daniel B. , Larson Peder E.Z. , Xu Duan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBased on the expanding set of applications for hyperpolarized carbon‐13 (HP‐13C) MRI, this work aims to communicate standardized methodology implemented at the University of California, San Francisco, as a primer for conducting reproducible metabolic imaging studies of the prostate and brain. Current state‐of‐the‐art HP‐13C acquisition, data processing/reconstruction and kinetic modeling approaches utilized in patient studies are presented together with the rationale underpinning their usage. Organized around spectroscopic and imaging‐based methods, this guide provides an extensible framework for handling a variety of HP‐13C applications, which derives from two examples with dynamic acquisitions: 3D echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging of the human prostate and frequency‐specific 2D multislice echo‐planar imaging of the human brain. Details of sequence‐specific parameters and processing techniques contained in these examples should enable investigators to effectively tailor studies around individual‐use cases. Given the importance of clinical integration in improving the utility of HP exams, practical aspects of standardizing data formats for reconstruction, analysis and visualization are also addressed alongside open‐source software packages that enhance institutional interoperability and validation of methodology. To facilitate the adoption and further development of this methodology, example datasets and analysis pipelines have been made available in the supporting information.
Health‐related Internet use and treatment adherence: A transdiagnostic comparison of outpatients with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Zavorotnyy Maxim , Ehrlich Frank , Nenadic Igor 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTreatment adherence is relevant for clinical and economic outcome in affective disorders as well as psychosis. Knowledge concerning the disease and its treatment might influence patients' willingness to follow the health‐care providers' recommendations and mutual decision‐making. In the current study, we investigated how Internet surfing for health‐related issues and attitude toward the relevance of the online information impact treatment adherence in major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ). A total of 83 outpatients (59 MDD, 24 SZ) participated in a survey. A multiple linear regression model with “exposure,” “attitude,” “diagnosis,” and their interaction as regressors was significant predictive of medication‐adherence rating scores, R2 = .179; 95% CI [0.00, 0.32]. In the MDD group only, more extended exposure to Internet surfing for health‐related issues and attribution of higher personal relevance were associated with poorer medication adherence at a statistical trend level, p = .060 and p = .077, respectively. In both groups, being female as well as higher age and intelligence were associated with favorable adherence, p = .003, p = .044, and p = .039, respectively. Considering the limitations (e.g., small sample size), our findings add to previously published data contributing to a better understanding of how Internet use may impact treatment adherence in MDD and schizophrenia.
Airport‐based photovoltaic applications
Authors: Sreenath Sukumaran , Sudhakar Kumarasamy , Yusop Ahmad Fitri 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNowadays, airports' interest in solar photovoltaics (PVs) is increasing. It is a way to lower the burden of energy costs and to show environmental stewardship. This paper aims to study the application of PVs in the airport environment. Solar projects in airport areas across the world were studied to find the techno‐economic and environmental aspects of airport‐based solar PV application. The favorable factors for solar PV are observed to be effective land utilization, low height profile, versatility, flexibility, and mature silicon PV technology. The major considerations for airport‐based solar PV applications were glare occurrence, radar interference, and penetration into airspace. Airport's weather and soil conditions, selection of PV technology, glare impact, site selection, and grid interconnection issues were the technical challenges. It was observed that economic factors such as reduced energy cost, life cycle cost, and sustainability grants and incentives make solar projects in airports attractive. Carbon mitigation and achievement of sustainability goals through solar PV installation emphasized the environmental stewardship of airports. From case studies, it was understood that prior planning, glare assessment, and careful implementation are essential for the success of airport‐based solar PV farms. Airport‐based solar PV has immense scope in the near future.
Therapy at 30 days of life predicts lung function at 6 to 12 months in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Chotzoglou Etze , Hedrick Holly L. , Herkert Lisa M. , Goldshore Matthew A. , Rintoul Natalie E. , Panitch Howard B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is associated with variable degrees of lung hypoplasia. Pulmonary support at 30 days postnatal age was found to be the strongest predictor of inpatient mortality and morbidity among CDH infants and was also associated with higher pulmonary morbidity at 1 and 5 years. It is not known, however, if there is a relationship between the need for medical therapy at 30 days of life and subsequent abnormalities in lung function as reflected in infant pulmonary function test (iPFT) measurements.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that CDH infants who require more intensive therapy at 30 days would have more abnormal iPFT values at the time of their first infant pulmonary function study, reflecting the more severe spectrum of lung hypoplasia.MethodsA single‐institution chart review of all CDH survivors who were enrolled in a Pulmonary Hypoplasia Program (PHP) through July 2019, and treated from 2002 to 2019 was performed. All infants were divided into groups based on their need for noninvasive (supplemental oxygen, high flow therapy, noninvasive mechanical ventilation) or invasive (mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) respiratory assistance, bronchodilators, diuretic use, and pulmonary hypertension (PH) therapy (inhaled and/or systemic drugs) at 30 days. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed between groups comparing subsequent lung function measurements.ResultsA total of 382 infants (median gestational age [GA] 38.4 [interquartile range (IQR) = 37.1‐39] weeks, 41.8% female, 70.9% Caucasian) with CDH were enrolled in the PHP through July 2019, and 118 infants underwent iPFT. The median age of the first iPFT was 6.6 (IQR = 5.3‐11.7) months. Those requiring any pulmonary support at 30 days had a higher functional residual capacity (FRC) (z) (P = .03), residual volume (RV) (z) (P = .008), ratio of RV to total lung capacity (RV/TLC) (z) (P = .0001), and ratio of FRC to TLC (FRC/TLC) (z) (P = .001); a lower forced expiratory volume at 0.5 seconds (FEV0.5) (z) (P = .03) and a lower respiratory system compliance (Crs) (P = .01) than those who did not require any support. Similarly, those requiring diuretics and/or PH therapy at 30 days had higher fractional lung volumes, lower forced expiratory flows and Crs than infants who did not require such support (P < .05).ConclusionsInfants requiring any pulmonary support, diuretics and/or PH therapy at 30 postnatal days have lower forced expiratory flows and higher fractional lung volumes, suggesting a greater degree of lung hypoplasia. Our study suggests that the continued need for PH, diuretic or pulmonary support therapy at 30 days can be used as additional risk‐stratification measurements for evaluation of infants with CDH.
Cold‐pool‐driven convective initiation: using causal graph analysis to determine what convection‐permitting models are missing
Authors: Hirt Mirjam , Craig George C. , Schäfer Sophia A. K. , Savre Julien , Heinze Rieke 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCold‐pool‐driven convective initiation is investigated in high‐resolution, convection‐permitting simulations with a focus on the diurnal cycle and organization of convection and the sensitivity to grid size. Simulations of four different days over Germany were performed using the ICON‐LEM model with grid sizes from 156 to 625 m. In these simulations, we identify cold pools, cold‐pool boundaries and initiated convection. Convection is triggered much more efficiently in the vicinity of cold pools than in other regions and can provide as much as 50% of total convective initiation, in particular in the late afternoon. By comparing different model resolutions, we find that cold pools are more frequent, smaller and less intense in lower‐resolution simulations. Furthermore, their gust fronts are weaker and less likely to trigger new convection. To identify how model resolution affects this triggering probability, we use a linear causal graph analysis. In doing so, we postulate a graph structure with potential causal pathways and then apply multi‐linear regression accordingly. We find a dominant, systematic effect: reducing grid sizes directly reduces upward mass flux at the gust front, which causes weaker triggering probabilities. These findings are expected to be even more relevant for km‐scale, numerical weather prediction models. We thus expect that a better representation of cold‐pool‐driven convective initiation will improve forecasts of convective precipitation.
Sustainability assessment of energy sector development in China and European Union
Authors: Su Weihua , Zhang Dongcai , Zhang Chonghui , Streimikiene Dalia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEnergy efficiency, development of renewable energy resources, decarbonization, and energy security are the key energy policy priorities of the European Union and China. Based on data for the period 2005–2016, this study compares the status of energy sector development sustainability among 21 European Union Member States and China by applying the several Multi‐Criteria Decision Making methods. Seven Member States including United Kingdom were excluded from the analysis due to Brexit or entering EU late like Croatia or due to small size as Malta and Cyprus and so forth. The results of Multi‐Criteria Decision analysis indicated that Romania, Czech Republic, and Latvia performed the best during this period in terms of approaching toward sustainable energy development targets. These countries have implemented effective policies and measures to increase energy efficiency and use of renewables leading to reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and increase in security of energy supply during the investigated period. New Member States have better assessment of effectiveness of energy policies pursuing 20–20–20 targets than old Member States. China lag behind European Union countries in terms of sustainability of energy sector however, during investigated period the country has achieved very good progress and can learn a lot from European experience as suggested by policy implications developed in this paper.
Capillary Assembly of Liquid Particles
Authors: Shillingford Cicely , Kim Brandon M. , Weck Marcus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCapillary assembly is a versatile method for depositing colloidal particles within templates, resulting in nano/microarrays and colloidal superstructures for optical, plasmonic, and sensory applications. Liquid particles (LPs), comprised of oligomerized 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, are herein shown to deposit into patterned cavities via capillary assembly. In contrast to solid colloids, LPs coalesce upon solvent evaporation and assume the geometry of the template. Incorporating small molecules such as dyes followed by LP solidification generates fluorescent polymer microarrays of any geometry. The LP size is inversely proportional to the quantity of deposited material and the convexity of the final polymer array. Cavity filling can be tuned by increasing the assembly temperature. Extraction of the polymerized regions produces solidified particles with faceted shapes including square prisms, trapezoids, and ellipsoids with sizes up to 14 µm that retain the shape of the cavity in which they are initially held. LP deposition thus presents a highly controllable fabrication scheme for geometrically diverse polymer microarrays and anisotropic colloids of any conceivable polygonal shape due to space filling of the template. The extension of capillary assembly to LPs that can be doped with small molecule dyes and analytes invaluably expands the synthetic toolbox for top‐down, scalable, hierarchically engineered materials.
Morphology and osteohistology of a large‐bodied caenagnathid (Theropoda, Oviraptorosauria) from the Hell Creek Formation (Montana): implications for size‐based classifications and growth reconstruction in theropods
Authors: Cullen Thomas M. , Simon D. Jade , Benner Elizabeth K. C. , Evans David C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOviraptorosaurs, like many coelurosaurians, are frequently diagnosed using incomplete or fragmentary skeletal remains, with factors such as body size often used to assign material to a particular taxon or as a basis for describing new species. Here we describe a partial skeleton,ROM VP65884, from the Hell Creek Formation (Montana,USA), and through morphological and phylogenetic comparisons identify it as belonging to Caenagnathidae, and probably referable toAnzu wyliei. We perform multi‐element osteohistological sampling of the tibia, fibula, manual phalanx, rib and gastralium ofROM VP65884 to determine the ontogenetic status of the individual, and to perform a detailed assessment of the intra‐skeletal variation present in a series of histological proxies for growth and development. Skeletochronological analysis suggestsROM VP65884 was still actively growing at time of death. Lacunar area was variable, but consistent with values reported for other dinosaurs and vertebrates. Osteocyte lacunar density was found to be relatively similar to the few previous measurements known from coelurosaurian dinosaurs, and preserved no ontogenetic pattern. Osteocyte lacunar density (OLD) was much higher in sampled rib and gastralia elements when compared to limbs, and the high variability inOLDoverall lends further support against the hypothesis of this feature acting as a proxy for mass‐specific growth rate. Our results stress the importance of using osteohistological analyses to constrain variation and permit ontogenetic assessment, and suggest caution be taken when using size as a determinant for referral of disassociated elements to specific or new coelurosaur taxa.
Effects of levetiracetam on axon excitability and synaptic transmission at the crayfish neuromuscular junction
Authors: Alshuaib Shaikhah , Mosaddeghi Julie , Lin Jen‐We 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLevetiracetam (LEV) is a widely prescribed antiepileptic drug, but its actions on neuronal function are not fully characterized. Since this drug is believed to enter neurons by binding to a vesicular protein during endocytosis, we used motor axons of the crayfish opener neuromuscular junction to examine potential impacts of LEV on axon excitability. Two electrode current clamp from the inhibitory axon of the opener showed that LEV reduced action potential (AP) amplitude (APamp) and suppressed synaptic transmission, although the latter occurred with a longer delay than the reduction in APamp. Comparison of antidromic and orthodromic conducting APs in LEV suggested that this drug preferentially reduced excitability of the proximal axon, despite the expectation that it entered the axon at the terminals and should affect the distal branches first. Results presented here suggest that LEV modulates axonal excitability, which may in turn contribute to its antiepileptic effects.
Choosing the optimal population for a genome‐wide association study: A simulation of whole‐genome sequences from rice
Authors: Hamazaki Kosuke , Kajiya‐Kanegae Hiromi , Yamasaki Masanori , Ebana Kaworu , Yabe Shiori , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Iwata Hiroyoshi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA genome‐wide association study (GWAS) needs to have a suitable population. The factors that affect a GWAS (e.g. population structure, sample size, and sequence analysis and field testing costs) need to be considered. Mixed populations containing subpopulations of different genetic backgrounds may be suitable populations. We conducted simulation experiments to see if a population with high genetic diversity, such as a diversity panel, should be added to a target population, especially when the target population harbors small genetic diversity. The target population was 112 accessions ofOryza sativaL. subsp.japonica, mainly developed in Japan. We combined the target population with three populations that had higher genetic diversity. These were 100indicaaccessions, 100japonicaaccessions, and 100 accessions with various genetic backgrounds. The results showed that the GWAS's power with a mixed population was generally higher than with a separate population. Also, the optimal GWAS populations varied depending on the fixation index (FST) of the quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) and the polymorphism of QTNs in each population. When a QTN was polymorphic in a target population, a target population combined with a higher diversity population improved the QTN's detection power. By investigatingFSTand the expected heterozygosity (He) as factors influencing the detection power, we showed that single nucleotide polymorphisms with highFSTor lowHeare less likely to be detected by GWAS with mixed populations. Sequenced or genotyped germplasm collections can improve the GWAS's detection power by using a subset of the collections with a target population.