bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure–activity relationship studies of indolin‐2‐one derivatives as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors and anticancer agents
Authors: Yousefian Mozhdeh , Ghodsi Razieh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAngiogenesis is a requirement for the growth of cancer cells. The family of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) is the main target in metastasis. Indolin‐2‐one is proved to be an essential scaffold of antiangiogenic drugs. Sunitinib is the first oral indolin‐2‐one derivative marketed as a VEGFR inhibitor in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Therefore, novel compounds possessing the scaffold of sunitinib were designed and synthesized by different researchers to improve the anticancer activity, bioavailability, and solubility, and to decrease the toxicity of sunitinib. In this comprehensive review, the structure–activity relationship of different indolin‐2‐one analogs as VEGFR inhibitors is discussed. It has been observed that the indolin‐2‐one core is necessary for the inhibition of VEGFRs. It was determined that substitutions at C‐3 of the oxindole ring play an important role in their antiangiogenic and anticancer activities.
Green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Crataegus oxyacantha extract and their urease inhibitory activities
Authors: Ali Shujat , Bacha Misal , Shah Muhammad Raza , Shah Wahid , Kubra Khadijatul , Khan Ajmal , Ahmad Manzoor , Latif Abdul , Ali Mumtaz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study reports the green synthesis and urease inhibitory activities of Ag and Au nanoparticles (NPs) using Crataegus oxyacantha extract. The synthesized NPs were characterized by UV–visible, FT‐IR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The obtained NPs were spherical in shape, and their size was around 85 nm. A strong correlation between the phytochemicals present in the extract and their capability for the synthesis of NPs was observed. Furthermore, the shape, size, stability, and bioactivity of the NPs were strongly influenced by the stabilizing phytochemicals. The experimental analysis suggested that these NPs have substantial stability in a diverse range of physiological conditions such as pH, salinity, and temperature. The NPs exhibited potent urease enzyme inhibitory activities with percent inhibition of 99.25 and IC50 value of 1.38 ± 0.3, comparable to the standard (thiourea percent inhibition, that is, 98.2% and IC50 value 5.3 ± 0.04). These results suggested that the proposed NPs could be used in the homeopathic and pharmaceutical industries for biomedical applications.
Boerhaave's Furnace. Exploring Early Modern Chemistry through Working Models
Authors: Hendriksen Marieke M. A. , Verwaal Ruben E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the (re)construction and use of an Early modern instrument, better known as Herman Boerhaave's (1668–1738) little furnace. We investigate the origins, history and materiality of this furnace, and examine the dynamic relationship between historical study and reconstructing and handling an object. We argue that combining textual analysis with performative methods allows us to gain a better understanding of both the role of lost material culture in historical chemical practice, pedagogy, and knowledge production, and provide a deeper understanding of the embodied experiences and knowledge of historical actors. Having made and used two versions of Boerhaave's furnace, we provide insight in what present‐day working models can tell us about historical materials and practices approximately three centuries ago.
From the Nuclear Pore to the Fibrous Corona: A MAD Journey to Preserve Genome Stability
Authors: Cunha‐Silva Sofia , Conde Carlos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe relationship between kinetochores and nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) is intimate but poorly understood. Several NPC components and associated proteins are relocated to mitotic kinetochores to assist in different activities that ensure faithful chromosome segregation. Such is the case of the Mad1‐c‐Mad2 complex, the catalytic core of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a surveillance pathway that delays anaphase until all kinetochores are attached to spindle microtubules. Mad1‐c‐Mad2 is recruited to discrete domains of unattached kinetochores from where it promotes the rate‐limiting step in the assembly of anaphase‐inhibitory complexes. SAC proficiency further requires Mad1‐c‐Mad2 to be anchored at NPCs during interphase. However, the mechanistic relevance of this arrangement for SAC function remains ill‐defined. Recent studies uncover the molecular underpinnings that coordinate the release of Mad1‐c‐Mad2 from NPCs with its prompt recruitment to kinetochores. Here, current knowledge on Mad1‐c‐Mad2 function and spatiotemporal regulation is reviewed and the critical questions that remain unanswered are highlighted.
Phosphated 2D MoS2 nanosheets and 3D NiTiO3 nanorods for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Li Hongying , Wang Guorong , Gong Haiming , Jin Zhiliang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn efficient and stable NiTiO3/MoS2−P photocatalyst was prepared with means of hydrothermal and calcination. After optimization, the maximum hydrogen production of the composite sample reached 337.82 μmol in 5 h. After phosphating NiTiO3 nanorods and MoS2, the original structure of 3D nanorods and 2D nanosheets was maintained, which forms a tight interface between the two materials. In addition, the heterojunction established in the NiTiO3/MoS2−P composite material resulted in good separation of electrons and holes, thereby improving the photocatalytic efficiency under light conditions. Efficient charge transfer efficiency was also confirmed in photoelectrochemical experiments. Furthermore, photoluminescence spectroscopy experiments have confirmed that the formation of heterojunction between the two semiconductors increases the carrier lifetime of the composite catalyst and has efficient separation efficiency. SEM, TEM, BET, UV‐vis DRS and other series of characterization methods were used to characterize the prepared materials.
Cyanine‐Flavonol Hybrids for Near‐Infrared Light‐Activated Delivery of Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Štacková Lenka , Russo Marina , Muchová Lucie , Orel Vojtěch , Vítek Libor , Štacko Peter , Klán Petr 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCarbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous signaling molecule that controls a number of physiological processes. To circumvent the inherent toxicity of CO, light‐activated CO‐releasing molecules (photoCORMs) have emerged as an alternative for its administration. However, their wider application requires photoactivation using biologically benign visible and near‐infrared (NIR) light. In this work, a strategy to access such photoCORMs by fusing two CO‐releasing flavonol moieties with a NIR‐absorbing cyanine dye is presented. These hybrids liberate two molecules of CO in high chemical yields upon activation with NIR light up to 820 nm and exhibit excellent uncaging cross‐sections, which surpass the state‐of‐the‐art by two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the biocompatibility and applicability of the system in vitro and in vivo are demonstrated, and a mechanism of CO release is proposed. It is hoped that this strategy will stimulate the discovery of new classes of photoCORMs and accelerate the translation of CO‐based phototherapy into practice.
Predicting Properties of Iron(III) TAML Activators of Peroxides from Their III/IV and IV/V Reduction Potentials or a Lost Battle to Peroxidase
Authors: Somasundar Yogesh , Shen Longzhu Q. , Hoane Alexis G. , Kaaret Evan Z. , Warner Genoa R. , Ryabov Alexander D. , Collins Terrence J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA cyclic voltammetry study of a series of iron(III) TAML activators of peroxides of several generations in acetonitrile as solvent reveals reversible or quasireversible FeIII/IV and FeIV/V anodic transitions, the formal reduction potentials (E°′) for which are observed in the ranges 0.4–1.2 and 1.4–1.6 V, respectively, versus Ag/AgCl. The slope of 0.33 for a linear E°′(IV/V) against E°′(III/IV) plot suggests that the TAML ligand system plays a bigger role in the FeIII/IV transition, whereas the second electron transfer is to a larger extent an iron‐centered phenomenon. The reduction potentials appear to be a convenient tool for analysis of various properties of iron TAML activators in terms of linear free energy relationships (LFERs). The values of E°′(III/IV) and E°′(IV V−1) correlate 1) with the pKa values of the axial aqua ligand of iron(III) TAMLs with slopes of 0.28 and 0.06 V, respectively; 2) with the Stern–Volmer constants KSV for the quenching of fluorescence of propranolol, a micropollutant of broad concern; 3) with the calculated ionization potentials of FeIII and FeIV TAMLs; and 4) with rate constants kI and kII for the oxidation of the resting iron(III) TAML state by H2O2 and reactions of the active forms of TAMLs formed with donors of electrons S, respectively. Interestingly, slopes of log kII versus E°′(III/IV) plots are lower for fast‐to‐oxidize S than for slow‐to‐oxidize S. The log kI versus E°′(III/IV) plot suggests that the manmade TAML catalyst can never be as reactive toward H2O2 as a horseradish peroxidase enzyme.
Alternative economies, digital innovation and commoning in grassroots organisations: Analysing degrowth currencies in the Spanish region of Catalonia
Authors: Balaguer Rasillo Xavier 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe wake of the 2008 financial crisis wrought economic havoc in Spain, resulting in the widespread protest of the indignados movement. Catalonia in particular saw a flourishing of various new forms of activism and socio‐economic collaboration, such as cooperative networks, eco‐villages and alternative currencies. This paper explores emerging forms of alternative currencies and commoning practices in Catalonia, Spain. It is based on ethnographic research to explore emergent grassroots innovations that theorise and practice degrowth proposals in diverse ways. In particular, it investigates developing forms of social currency and social debt, most of which are associated with the Catalan Integral Cooperative and FairCoop. This latter organisation is a network of cooperatives developing tools around Faircoin, a cryptocurrency based on social and ecological principles. In doing so, it contributes to alternative currencies scholarship. This paper shows how these self‐organised grassroots innovations are making use of technological and digital elements in order to build an alternative financial infrastructure. Furthermore, it demonstrates how these alternative social currencies and blockchain initiatives clearly show that non‐capitalist and degrowth oriented technological innovation can generate economies in more progressive and community‐led ways.
Use of routine and cohort data globally in exploring dementia care pathways and inequalities: A systematic review
Authors: Watson James , Giebel Clarissa , Green Mark , Darlington‐Pollock Frances , Akpan Asan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate studies which employed routine and cohort data sets to understand inequalities in dementia care pathways.MethodsWe identified 27 research papers using routine data sets to investigate inequalities in dementia care pathways through electronic and grey literature searches. Papers were independently assessed by two reviewers for inclusion based on defined criteria. Included papers were quality rated using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross‐Sectional Studies. Data was extracted based on stage(s) in dementia care pathway and socio‐economic factors investigated.ResultsInequalities were noted across dementia care pathways. Socio‐economic and protected characteristics were shown to impact the likelihood of people with dementia moving into institutional nursing care, the quality and consistency of their treatment, need for emergency and urgent healthcare, the rate of illness progression and their long‐term survival. Research was often disparate ignoring the multiple parts of the dementia care pathway, or the impact of specific factors across multiple stages.ConclusionsOur study highlights issues in dementia care pathways based on socio‐economic or protected characteristics. Equitable service provision, more culturally appropriate services, improved health literacy and increased provision for both early diagnosis and care at home can help narrow the gap in dementia care inequalities. There is greater need for research investigating dementia care pathways as something greater than the sum of its parts; exploring the influence of socio‐economic factors from a person's entrance into the system and throughout.
Can addressing food literacy across the life cycle improve the health of vulnerable populations? A case study approach
Authors: Butcher Lucy M. , Platts Julia R. , Le Nerissa , McIntosh Michelle M. , Celenza Claire A. , Foulkes‐Taylor Frances 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIssue addressedFood literacy programs aim to improve an individual's knowledge and skills in the planning, management, selection, preparation and eating of healthy foods. Unhealthy dietary patterns across the life cycle are associated with an increased risk of chronic disease. Foodbank WA’s Healthy Food for All® (HFFA) team has made addressing health inequity a priority, by enhancing food literacy skills of vulnerable people across the lifespan.MethodsA case study approach was utilised to explore HFFA’s suite of evidence‐based food literacy programs: Food Sensations® (FS) for Parents (of 0‐5 year olds), FS for Schools (kindergarten to Year 12), Fuel Your Future (adolescents 12‐18 years), and FS for Adults (FSA) (18 years and over). These programs are contextualised to meet the needs of vulnerable groups at all life stages.ResultsIn the last decade the HFFA team have delivered 5047 food literacy sessions to over 62 000 vulnerable Western Australians. Evaluation results demonstrate the FS programs are successful at improving vulnerable people's food literacy skills and dietary behaviours. For example, over 70% of participants make at least one positive food behaviour change after attending FSA.ConclusionsBy targeting vulnerable people of all ages, HFFA’s food literacy programs provide multiple opportunities for intervention, to enhance health behaviours, and therefore reduce risk of chronic disease.So What?Food literacy programs are one effective strategy that is complementary in helping to address the health inequities in Australia. Government and broader community investment in food literacy initiatives is vital to improving the health outcomes of vulnerable populations.
Myokines mediate the cross talk between skeletal muscle and other organs
Authors: Chen Wentao , Wang Liyi , You Wenjing , Shan Tizhong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMyokines are muscle‐derived cytokines and chemokines that act extensively on organs and exert beneficial metabolic functions in the whole‐body through specific signal networks. Myokines as mediators provide the conceptual basis for a whole new paradigm useful for understanding how skeletal muscle communicates with other organs. In this review, we summarize and discuss classes of myokines and their physiological functions in mediating the regulatory roles of skeletal muscle on other organs and the regulation of the whole‐body energy metabolism. We review the mechanisms involved in the interaction between skeletal muscle and nonmuscle organs through myokines. Moreover, we clarify the connection between exercise, myokines and disease development, which may contribute to the understanding of a potential mechanism by which physical inactivity affects the process of metabolic diseases via myokines. Based on the current findings, myokines are important factors that mediate the effect of skeletal muscle on other organ functions and whole‐body metabolism.
Phytosynthesis of colloidal nanosilver from Mentha longifolia and Mentha arvensis: Comparative morphological and optical characterization
Authors: Javed Bilal , Mashwani Zia‐ur‐Rehman 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present study involves an ecofriendly strategy for the reduction of bulk silver into its nanoforms by using the aqueous extracts of Mentha longifolia leaves (MLL), M. longifolia branches (MLB), and Mentha arvensis (MA). Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was confirmed initially by observing a change in the color of the reaction mixture followed by measuring the absorbance, and a characteristic surface plasmon resonance band was observed between 400 and 500 nm of the λ of light. Morphological and optical characterization techniques of AgNPs were performed by using UV–visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. It was confirmed that the phytosynthesized nanoparticles are anisotropic and nearly spherical having a size smaller than 100 nm while some cubical and prismatic nanostructures were also observed. The average size of a single nanoparticle measured by DLS analysis was reported 10.50 nm, 15.55 nm, and 20.46 nm biofabricated by using MLB, MLL, and MA extract, respectively. The EDX analysis reported the presence of elemental Ag while elemental O was also observed in MLL and MLB AgNPs. The results from these experiments endorse the potential of reported plant species to phytosynthesize AgNPs. The future applications of this work involve the utilization of AgNPs for multiple biological applications.
Racial Disparities in Pediatric Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Pecha Phayvanh P. , Hamberis Alexandra , Patel Terral A. , Melvin Cathy L. , Ford Marvella E. , Andrews Anne L. , White David R. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of race and ethnicity on 30‐day complications following pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).Study DesignCross‐sectional cohort study.Subjects and MethodsPatients ≤ 18 years of age undergoing ESS from 2015 to 2017 were identified in the Pediatric National Surgical Improvement Program‐Pediatric database. Patient demographics, comorbidities, surgical indication, and postoperative complications were extracted. Patient race/ethnicity included non‐Hispanic black, non‐Hispanic white, Hispanic, and other. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine if race/ethnicity was a predictor of postoperative complications after ESS.ResultsA total of 4,337 patients were included in the study. The median age was 10.9 (interquartile range: 14.5–6.7) years. The cohort was comprised of 68.3% non‐Hispanic white, 13.9% non‐Hispanic black, 9.7% Hispanic, and 2.1% other. The 30‐day complication rate was 3.2%, and the mortality rate was 0.3%. The rate of reoperation was 3.8%, and readmission was 4.1%. Black and Hispanic patients had higher rates of urgent operations (P = .003 and P < .001, respectively), and black patients had a higher incidence of emergent operations (P < .001) compared to their white peers. For elective ESS cases, multivariable analysis adjusting for sex, age, comorbidities, and surgical indication indicated that children of Hispanic ethnicity had increased postoperative complications (odds ratio: 1.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–2.37).ConclusionThis analysis demonstrated that black and Hispanic children disproportionately undergo more urgent and emergent ESS. Hispanic ethnicity was associated with increased 30‐day complications following elective pediatric ESS. Further studies are needed to elucidate potential causes of these disparities and identify areas for improvement.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E1369–E1374, 2021
Payment formats and hedonic consumption
Authors: Liu Hsin‐Hsien , Chou Hsuan‐Yi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPayment formats have many important influences on consumer behavior. However, few studies have examined how the payment format affects hedonic consumption. This study explores how the transparency of the payment format (e.g., bonus points vs. cash) influences consumers’ willingness to pay, budget assignments, and consumption choices through differences in their perceived pain of purchasing (exchanging) hedonic and utilitarian options. Specifically, consumers who pay with highly transparent payment formats (e.g., cash), compared with consumers who pay with less transparent payment formats (e.g., store points, bonus points, and gift certificates), are willing to pay less, assign a lower budget, and are less likely to choose hedonic products. The perceived pain of purchasing (exchanging) a hedonic product plays an important mediating role on the influence of the payment format on hedonic consumption. However, the perceived pain of purchasing (exchanging) a utilitarian option plays a parallel mediating role only when people have paid for the less transparent payment format (e.g., buying store points) rather than when they accumulate the points through previous consumption events. The research findings provide insights that can benefit both theory and practice.
Mcl‐1 targeting strategies unlock the proapoptotic potential of TRAIL in melanoma cells
Authors: Sarif Zina , Tolksdorf Beatrice , Fechner Henry , Eberle Jürgen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis selectively in cancer cells. For melanoma, the targeting of TRAIL signaling appears highly attractive, due to pronounced TRAIL receptor expression in tumor tissue. However, mechanisms of TRAIL resistance observed in melanoma cells may limit its clinical use. The Bcl‐2 family members are critical regulators of cell‐intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Thus, the antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 protein myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl‐1) is overexpressed in many tumor types and was linked to chemotherapy resistance in melanoma. In this study, we evaluated the involvement of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 proteins (Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL, Bcl‐w, Mcl‐1, Bcl‐A1, and Bcl‐B) in TRAIL resistance. They were targeted by small interfering RNA‐mediated silencing in TRAIL‐sensitive (A‐375, Mel‐HO) and in TRAIL‐resistant melanoma cell lines (Mel‐2a, MeWo). This highlighted Mcl‐1 as the most efficient target to overcome TRAIL resistance. In this context, we investigated the effects of Mcl‐1‐targeting microRNAs as well as the Mcl‐1‐selective inhibitor S63845. Both miR‐193b and S63845 resulted in significant enhancement of TRAIL‐induced apoptosis, associated with decreased cell viability. Apoptosis induction was mediated by caspase‐3 processing as well as by Bax and Bak activation, indicating the critical involvement of intrinsic apoptosis pathways. These data may indicate a high relevance of Mcl‐1 targeting also in melanoma therapy. Furthermore, the data may suggest to consider the use of the tumor suppressor miR‐193b as a strategy for countering TRAIL resistance in melanoma.