bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Astragalus injection ameliorate Lipopolysaccaride-induced mice cognitive decline via relieving acute neuroinflammation and BBB damage as well as up-regulating BDNF-CREB pathway in chronic stage
Authors: Zhu Huifeng , Liu Ke , Jiang Ruhong , Wan Guoran , Zou Li , Zhu Xiaokang , Ren Qiao , Wan Dong , Cheng Fang , Feng Shan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Post-sepsis cognitive impairment is one of the major sequelae observed in survivors of sepsis. Although there are major concerns in the prevention, diagnosis and clinical management of sepsis, strategies for the prevention and treatment of related sequelae are still missing. Researches found that neuroinflammation, oxidative damage and vascular permeability are the main causes of brain damage during the systemic inflammation. Astragalus injection, with the function of regulating vascular endothelial function and immunity, is normally applied in viral myocarditis, viral enteritis, diabetic nephropathy and sepsis in clinical in China. However, it is unknown that whether it could ameliorate the post-sepsis cognitive impairment. Methods: In a LPS-induced mice model of sepsis, the protective effects of Astragalus injection on post-sepsis cognitive impairment was first evaluated. Then the influence of Astragalus injection on inflammatory cytokines secretion, BBB integrality and the expression of tight junction proteins in the acute sepsis stage were studied later. Followed by the neurodegeneration analysis and BDNF-CREB pathway evaluation in the chronic sepsis stage. What’s more, in vitro experiment was further conducted to assess the effects of Astragalus injection on inflammatory cytokines secretion in microglia (BV2 cells). Results: Novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests show that Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in mice cause a long-term consequence of cognitive behavioral deficits, while Astragalus injection (5ml/kg) could prevent the development of the above long-term cognitive decline. Mechanism studies show that Astragalus injection (5ml/kg) not only could reverse LPS induced-neuroinflammation in mice and Bv2 cells, but also could protect the blood brain barrier dysfunction in acute stage. In addition, golgi staining and western blotting assays show that Astragalus injection could further prevent the neurodegeneration and up-regulate the BDNF-CREB pathway during the chronic stage. Conclusions: Taken together, our data suggest that Astragalus injection could be a valuable therapy strategy for sepsis survivors in clinical, as it can produce protect effects on the post-sepsis cognitive impairment from many target spots and stages.
Geographical rang evolution of whipping frogs based on a phylogeny of genus Polypedates (Anura: Rhacophoridae)
Authors: Deng Xiling , Yuan Limei , Yang Kong , Klaus Sebastian , Orlov Nikolai L. , Jiang Dechun , Li Jia-Tang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background

The genus Polypedates has a wide range, covering eastern India, Southeast Asia, South China, and eastward to the Philippines and Japan. Because of their poor marine dispersal capabilities, they are ideal organisms to infer geological and environmental history. Based on a large amount of data set for the genus Polypedates that we compiled from a dozen previous studies and partial mitochondrial and nuclear genes collected in this study, we calculated thorough statistical biogeographical analyses.

Results

We can confirm the genus’ Sundaland origin and showed its northward dispersal into Indochina and mainland Asia from the Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene. And the Red River did not mediate species exchange between Southeast Asia and mainland Asia until the end of the Miocene, with a sudden onset of northward dispersal in several clades independently at that time. The widespread P. leucomystax dispersed from Indochinese Peninsula southward to Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Java, afterwards to Borneo and Sulawesi. Our biogeographical analysis supports the view of a recent introduction of P. leucomystax to the Philippines and the Ryukyus as previously suggested.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that climate fluctuations have a profound impact on species diversification within genus Polypedates . The Red River did not act as a diffuse filter barrier for the species exchange until the end of the Miocene. And the widespread P. leucomystax dispersed in Southwest possibly facilitated by the freshwater plume of the emergent South Sunda River System.
Inter-annual variability of the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic drivers affecting West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens population dynamics in northeastern Italy
Authors: Fornasiero Diletta , Mazzuccato Matteo , Barbujani Marco , Montarsi Fabrizio , Capelli Gioia , Mulatti Paolo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background: Vector-borne infectious diseases (VBDs) represent a major public health concern worldwide. Among VBDs, West Nile Virus (WNV) showed an increasingly wider spread in temperate regions of Europe, including Italy. During the last decade, WNV outbreaks have been recurrently reported in mosquitoes, horses, wild birds, and humans, showing great variability in the temporal and spatial distribution pattern. Due to the complexity of the environment-host-vector-pathogen interaction and the incomplete understanding of the epidemiological pattern of the disease, WNV occurrences can be hardly predictable. The analyses of ecological drivers responsible for the earlier WNV reactivation and transmission are pivotal; in particular, variations in the vector population dynamics may represent a key point of the recent success of WNV and, more in general, of the VBDs.Methods: We investigated the variations of Culex pipiens population abundance using environmental, climatic and trapping data obtained over nine years (2010 to 2018) through the WNV entomological surveillance program implemented in northeastern Italy. An Information Theoretic approach (IT-AIC c ) and model-averaging algorithms were implemented to examine the relationship between the seasonal mosquito growth rates and both intrinsic (e.g. intraspecific competition) and extrinsic (e.g. environmental and climatic variables) predictors, to identify the most significant combinations of variables outlining the Cx. pipiens population dynamics. Results: Population density (proxy for intraspecific competition) and length of daylight were the predominant factors regulating the mosquito population dynamics; however, also other drivers encompassing environmental and climatic variables had a significant impact, although sometimes counterintuitive and not univocal. The analyses of the single-year datasets, and the comparison with the results obtained from the overall model (all data available from 2010 to 2018), highlighted remarkable differences in coefficients magnitude, sign, and significance. These outcomes indicate that different combinations of factors might have distinctive, and sometimes divergent, effects on mosquito population dynamics. Conclusions: A more realistic acquaintance of the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanism of mosquito population fluctuations in relation to continuous changes in environmental and climatic conditions is paramount to properly reinforce VBDs risk-based surveillance activities, to plan targeted density control measures and to implement effective early detection programs.
The evolution and feasibility of a salutogenic home visit program in multiethnic first-time families in Norway.
Authors: Leirbakk Maria J , Torper Johan , Dolvik Stina , Magnus Jeanette H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Explicit knowledge on how to develop a universal home visit program is warranted as most programs target high-risk, disadvantaged, pregnant young women. The New Families program, a salutogenic home visit program, was developed directed at all first-time families in a multiethnic district in Oslo in collaboration with the Public health nurses. The objective was to secure a healthy child development with long-term benefits. The current study describe the evolution of a project resulting in a sustainable and synergistic program of praxis to be implemented in the current Norwegian Child Health Service Clinic.Methods A feasibility study with qualitative data triangulation provided a comprehensive understanding of the acceptability, demand, practicality, and integration of the New Families program in the district’s Child Health Service Clinic. This two yearlong study included three focus group interviews with public health nurses who conducted 1109 home visits to 222 first-time families in the district, in addition to retrospective interviews with six participating families. The collected data was analysed using the six phases of thematic analysis recursive process.Results Developing a trusting relational continuity of care between the public health nurse and the family is at the core when facilitating support and help. The home visit was characterized as praxis oriented with a salutogenic focus, emphasizing the parents' strengths and resources, while engaging with the family in a collaborative and respectful way. The families and the public health nurse reported a decreased authoritative relationship without losing the experience professionalism.Conclusions An early home visit program for all new families delivered with proportionate universalism avoided stigmatizing vulnerable families and ensured high utilization of the health service. The participating families and public health nurses were in concert when endorsing the integration of the program in the Norwegian Child Health Service Clinic.
Initial Evidences of Salt and Pepper Retinal Lesions (SPRL) in Patients with Intestinal Protozoan Infections in Iran
Authors: Jafari Reza , Gorgizadeh Huriyeh , Soosaraei Masoud , Shokri Azar , Bandalizadeh Zainab , Ahmadi Haniyeh , Banimostafavi Elham Sadat , Fakhar Mahdi 
Published: January 2020

Background:It is made clear that salt and pepper retinal lesion (SPRL) has subsequently associated with the infection with Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia). However, little is known regarding the prevalence of SPRL among patients suffered from parasitic infections in the world.Objective:This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SPRL among patients with intestinal protozoan infections, for the first time, in Sari, northern Iran.Methods:In this case-control study, a total of 150 subjects participated: 75 were in the patients group diagnosed to have an intestinal parasite and 75 in the control group without any intestinal infection. Fecal samples were obtained from all participants and examined with wet mount and formalin-ether methods. The retina of both groups was examined by an ophthalmologist.Results:Overall, salt and pepper retinal changes were diagnosed in 12 (16 %) patients with at least one parasitic infection (7 females and 5 males). G. lamblia was diagnosed in 6 subjects (50%), Blastocystis hominis in 5 (41.6%), and Entamoeba coli in 1 (8.3 %). Most of the patients (58.3%) had a mild infection. Bilateral retinal involvement was observed in 75% of the patients. Furthermore, macula involvement was observed in 91.7 % with SPRL.Conclusion:Our findings indicated the relatively high prevalence of SPRL in subjects with giardiasis and blastocystosis. It can be concluded that not only G. lamblia but also B. hominis can cause SPRL in Sari, Iran. Further studies are needed to find other etiologic parasites able to cause retinal damages.
Potensi Instrumen FTIR dan GC-MS dalam Mengkarakterisasi dan Membedakan Gelatin Lemak Ayam, Itik dan Babi
Authors: Chadijah St , Baharuddin Maswati , Firnanelty Firnanelty 
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkarakterisasi gelatin tulang kaki ayam, kulit itik dan kulit babi serta membedakan profil asam lemak dari ketiga material tersebut. Metode yang digunakan: proses curing dan hidrolisis dengan variasi suhu. Hasil yang diperoleh dikarakteisasi dengan FTIR dan GC-MS. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan gelatin yang dihasilkan dari tulang kaki ayam, kulit babi dan kulit itik pada suhu 80ᵒC masing-masing 2.02%; 9.33% dan 1.1%. Kadar air dari tulang kaki ayam, kulit babi, dan kulit itik yaitu 11.19%; 7.73% dan 7.7%. kadar air tersebut telah memenuhi standar kadar air SNI yaitu maksimum 16%. Hasil karakterisasi gelatin dengan FTIR menunjukkan serapan gugus fungsi yang spesifik. Pada spektrum FTIR gelatin kulit babi terdapat gugus N−H dan O−H (3433,79 cm-1), CH2 (2931,01 cm-1), C═O (1655,21 cm-1), N−H dan C-N (1544,38 cm-1), N−H (1237,39 cm-1) dan gugus C−O (1079,69 cm-1). Peak yang dihasilkan kulit babi lebih sedikit. Sedangkan GC-MS mampu membedakan komponen asam lemak babi dengan asam lemak ayam dan itik. Diperoleh hasil bahwa komposisi asam lemak utama pada lemak babi adalah asam oleat C18:1 (58,79%), stearat C18:0 (11,66%) dan palmitat C16:0 (11,44%). Komponen asam lemak utama pada lemak babi murni secara keseluruhan memiliki asam arakidonat dan asam eikosenat yang tidak terdeteksi pada lemak lain.
دراسة الكلام الخبري فى سورة الكهف
Authors: Sanusi Anwar 
Published: January 2020

الكلام الخبري واحد من علم المعاني. وهو يبين عن الصدق والكذب في الكلام. فإن كان الكلام يطابق بالواقع فهو صادق وإن كان لايطابق بالواقع فهو كاذب. الكلام الخبري يملك الأغراض والأجناس في إلقاء الكلام، وبفهم الكلام الخبري مع أغراضه وأنواعه، يستطيع المخاطب أن يعلم الأغراض من الكلام. أما الهدف في هذا البحث فهو توضيح أغراض الخبر في سورة الكهف من الآية الأولى حتى الآية الخمسين مستعينا بنظرية تحليل الخطاب لديلهيمس (Dell Hymes) المتكونة من ثمان عناصر مجتمعة في كلمة ((S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G، وهذا البحث يقتصر على ثلاثة عناصر فقط وهي: الموقف(situation)، المشارك (participant)، والغرض (end).وبعد إجراء البحث بطريقة التحليل الوصفي وتصميم تحليل المحتوي، وجد الباحث أنّ عدد الكلام الخبري من حيث أغراضه في سورة الكهف من الآية الأولى إلى الآية الخمسين هو 25 آية، وهو يتكون من فائدة الخبرعددها 18 جملة، لازم الفائدة عدده جملتان، الوعظ والإرشاد عدده 12 جملة، التوبيخ عدده جملتان، الوعيد عدده 3 جمل، المدح عدده 3 جمل، تذكير الفرق في مستويات عدده جملتان وتشجيع لنيل الحصولعلى شيئ عدده 4 جمل. والكلام الخبري من حيث أنواعه يتكون من الإبتدائي عدده 25 جملة، والطلبي عدده 6 جمل والإنكاري عدده جملتان.الكلمات المفتاحية: أغراض الخبر؛ براغماتية؛ نظرية speaking؛ سورة الكهف.Abstrak Kalām khabarī merupakan salah satu kajian ilmu ma‘āni. Kalām ini menjelaskan tentang kemungkinan benar atau salahnya suatu tuturan. Khabar dikatakan benar jika sesuai dengan kenyataan dan dikatakan salah jika tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan. Kalām khabarī memiliki tujuan dan jenis dalam penyampaian suatu tuturan, dengan memahami kalām khabarī beserta tujuan dan jenis-jenisnya, mitra tutur akan mampu mengetahui tujuan dari suatu tuturan (agrād al-khabar). Adapun tujuan penilitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap makna agrād al-khabar yang terkandung dalam Alquran surah Al-Kahfi dari ayat 1-50dan dilengkapi dengan teori peristiwa tutur (Dell Hymes) yang terdiri dari delapan unsur fonem yaitu (S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G). Namun dalam penelitian ini, peneliti hanya menggunakan tiga unsur fonem saja, di antaranya: S: (Setting), P: (Participant), dan E: (End).Setelah diadakan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan dengan desain analisis konten, peneliti memperoleh temuan bahwa jumlah kalām khabarī dari segi tujuan tuturan dalam surah Al-Kahfi dari ayat 1-50 adalah 25 ayat, yang terdiri atas: fāidah al-khabar 18 kalimat, lāzim al-fā’idah dua kalimat, al-wa‘ẓu wa al-irsyādu 12 kalimat, al-taubīkh dua kalimat, al-wa‘īd tigakalimat, al-madḥu tiga kalimat, tadzkīr al-farqi fī mustawiyātin dua kalimat, tasyjī‘un linaili al-husūl ‘alā syai’in empat kalimat, dan dari segi jenisnya, terdiri atas: kalām khabarī ibtidā’i 25 kalimat, kalām khabarī thalabī enam kalimat dan kalām khabarī inkāri dua kalimat.
User Analysis of Library Usage to Fulfill Information Needs
Authors: Srirahayu Dyah Puspitasari 
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat pemanfaatan Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga Surabaya (UNAIR). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang menggunakan mahasiswa UNAIR sebagai sampel penelitian. Data diperoleh dari 494 responden yang diambil dengan metode incidental sampling. Untuk memastikan validnya data, ke 494 responden tersebut ialah mahasiswa yang sudah pernah berkunjung ke perpustakaan selama proses perkuliahannya, khususnya pernah mengikuti masa masa orientasi pengenalan kampus. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan formula Yamane. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pemanfaatan perpustakaan masih seperti nilai rata-rata, ini ditunjukkan dengan rendahnya skor tingkat kunjungan mahasiswa (3.24%) dan tingkat peminjaman koleksi (38.9%). ABSTRACT:This research aims to examine the usage level of Universitas Airlangga Surabaya’s (UNAIR) library. This research applied descriptive-qualitative method with the students of UNAIR Surabaya used as samples. The 494 samples taken through incidental sampling are being studied and analyzed using the Yamane formula. To obtain valid data, each student must have ever visited the library during the study in UNAIR, especially during the student orientation program. It is concluded that the usage of UNAIR library is still on the average level, it can be seen from the low number of students’ visits (3.24%) and collection borrowing (38.9%).
Effect of Carbon Sources, Nitrogen Sources and Prebiotics on Growth of Saccharomyces Boulardii
Authors: Yang Xin , Shu Guowei , Lei Zhangteng , Du Guanli , Liu Zemin , Cao Jili 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) has been used as a probiotic for the prevention or treatment of various human gastrointestinal diseases for many years. Thus, S. boulardii has a wide range of application prospects in medicine and food industry. The experiments were investigated with effecting of carbon sources (galactose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, lactose, glucose, and soluble starch), nitrogen sources (tryptone, casein, yeast extract, peptone, soy peptone, beef extract and malted milk; ammonium sulfate, urea, diammonium hydrogen citrate, triammonium citrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride and potassium nitrate), prebiotics (xylo-oligosaccharide, isomaltooligosaccharide, fructo-oligosaccharide, galacto-oligosaccharide, stachyose, raffinose and inulin) on the number of viable cells and dry cell weight of S. boulardii. The optimum concentration of 5 % glucose or sucrose, 2 % peptone or yeast extract, 0.4 % urea, 0.2 % fructo-oligosaccharide and 0.6 % galacto-oligosaccharide for S. boulardii grew better in medium.
Smart Village Development Principles and Driving Forces: The Case of Lithuania
Authors: Atkočiūnienė Vilma , Vaznonienė Gintarė 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Traditional and emerging interest networks supported by the advancement of digital and telecommunication technologies, the growing use of bioenergy and the ability to take advantage of knowledge beneficial for local populations and business development promote strategic breakthroughs of rural communities. The paper focuses on the problem of the smart village development with respect to a sustainable rural regional development. The aim of the research is to identify the preconditions for rural area progress and smart rural villages driving forces in Lithuania. The research object concerns the principles and driving forces of the development of smart villages. The research methods inter alia included analysis, systematization, and comparison of scientific literature, documents, and good practice examples. Analysis of the experiences of villages and local/international organizations and research into the best practices helped to identify the drivers and the key principles of the smart village development. The case study revealed that three out of five selected pilot rural areas of Lithuania have an innovative potential with some of the smart village principles adopted. The main constraints identified by the study were related to the lack of technological, digital or energy efficiency innovation and human resources in rural areas.
Culturally inclusive pedagogies of care: A narrative inquiry
Authors: Rana Lata , Culbreath Yvonne 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper is a reflection on culturally relevant pedagogies of care to achieve more equitable outcomes for diverse cultures within early childhood. The authors are academics at a tertiary institute in Auckland, New Zealand. Our aim is to share our experiences as teachers in a diverse and multi-ethnic city in New Zealand. Authors draw on narrative methodology to deconstruct our experiences and share how we position ourselves in teaching and learning. The paper emphasises an enactment of pedagogy that recognises diverse cultural knowledge and other ways of knowing.
Cultural democracy and schooling in India: A subaltern perspective
Authors: Manojan K.P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
It is argued that educational spaces often maintain certain forms of hierarchical cultural patterns to reproduce an unequal civil society. The history and contemporary nature of Indian civil society, ridden with relations of caste and class, often interpellates its agenda of hierarchical order in the cultures of schooling. Children from marginalized communities, particularly from the Adivasi (tribal) cultures, are more vulnerable to these undercurrents, and this often results in their dispirited autonomous participation in schooling. The content and nature of the curriculum and modes of pedagogical interactions are the focal channels of its operationalization. In recent times and earlier, various forms of contestations had emerged against this dominant agenda, particularly from subaltern contexts. These took the form of democratic resistances seeking to establish democratic cultures in classrooms and schools (Apple C James, 2007; Darder et.al, 2009). Creating a sphere of this order would promise to enable children to become transformative human beings and autonomous intellectuals. Viewing the regime of education as both liberatory and oppressive (McLaren, 2009), this paper is an attempt to engage with democratic concerns in the realm of schooling in India within the relations of culture, knowledge and its politics.
Future Agriculturists: Czech and U.S. Agricultural Students’ Attitudes Towards Agriculture
Authors: Chýlová H. , Michálek P. , Rymešová P. , Natovová L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The future of agriculture in the EU is endangered by a constantly diminishing number of young skilled agricultural workers starting their career in agribusiness. The problem of not pursuing in the agricultural career after the university graduation forced us to compare different attitudes of students from the USA (Ohio State University) and the Czech Republic (Czech University of Life Sciences Prague). The article deals with the attitudes towards agriculture in two groups of agriculture university students (n = 201). The data were collected with the use of a standardized Questionnaire on Measuring the Affective and Cognitive Properties of Attitudes. The results of Man-Whitney test indicate that both groups of students show significantly more the affective than the cognitive base of their attitude. Furthermore, U.S. students display more positive attitudes towards the agriculture workers than Czech students. Authors bring forward the issue of attitudes in an attempt to find a way to influence the decision making of skilled agri-graduates to prefer the field of agribusiness over other careers and propose to focus on a change in attitudes, for example by the increase of the level of practical experience with agribusiness in school farm estates.