bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(General Student Poster Award Winner, 2nd Place) 3D Impedance Analysis on Mg Dissolution and Its Application to Machine Learning
Authors: Nagaya Kohki , Hoshi Yoshinao , Yamaguchi Yuki 
Published: December 2024

Magnesium is expected to be as a battery anode material because of its low standard electrode potential. However, the magnesium is actively dissolved in the electrolyte solution with hydrogen evolution [1-4], which may lead to the self-discharge of the battery. Thus, the method for the life prediction of magnesium electrode as anode material is required to develop the batteries with longer lives. In the present study, we applied the machine learning for the prediction of the Mg electrode life. The 3D impedance measurement [5] of Mg electrode was carried out to obtain the parameters attributed to the Mg dissolution. These obtained parameters were applied for the machine learning to predict the electrode life.
Electrochemical measurements were performed in a three-electrode system. The working electrode was a pure magnesium plate (3 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm). A platinum wire and a saturated KCl silver / silver chloride electrode were used as the counter electrode and the reference electrode, respectively. The 3D impedance measurements were performed in a frequency range of 100 kHz to 0.01 Hz at 5 frequencies per decade and an applied DC current of 0 A. In this case, the input current amplitude was controlled to keep the output potential amplitude below 10 mV. Further, the pH detection near the magnesium electrode using iridium oxide wire and the video observation of the magnesium electrode were performed during 3D impedance measurement. The parameters estimated by the curve-fitting of the instantaneous impedance at arbitrary time from the 3D plots of impedance using an equivalent circuit were used for machine learning.
Video observation of the magnesium electrode during the 3D impedance measurement indicated that the black region was observed and spread over entire the electrode surface due to the breakdown of the oxide film [2]. The detection of pH near the magnesium electrode confirmed that the pH was increased significantly due to the growth of black region [2]. The 3D plots of impedance demonstrated that the impedance was decreased with time. In the present study, the parameters involving the solution resistance, charge transfer resistance, and electric double-layer capacitance were estimated by curve-fitting of the instantaneous impedance at arbitrary time from the 3D plots of impedance using the equivalent circuit. These parameters including pH and dissolution area were applied for the machine learning to discussed the life prediction method of magnesium electrode.

References

[1] Hoshi et. al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 163, C303 (2016).
[2] Hoshi et. al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 165, C243 (2018).
[3] Hoshi et. al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 168, 031510 (2021).
[4] Hoshi et. al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 170, 021509 (2023).
[5] Hoshi et al., Corros. Sci., 232, 112018 (2024).
Galvanic Corrosion Behavior of CFRP/Galvannealed Steel Coupling and Corrosion Inhibition
Authors: Takimoto Toshiyuki , Nishimoto Masashi , Muto Izumi 
Published: December 2024

In recent years, environmental regulations for automobiles are getting stronger every year. To comply with these regulations, there is a strong need to reduce the weight of automobiles, which will lead to improve fuel economy and increase cruising range. Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP), a lightweight and high-strength material, is attracting attention as a material for the next generation of vehicles. A multi-material car body using CFRP in combination with conventional metal materials is effective in reducing the weight of automobiles. However, galvanic corrosion occurs when different materials come into electrical contact in a corrosive environment. Therefore, Inhibition of galvanic corrosion is essential for practical use of CFRP. In this study, galvanic corrosion behavior of CFRP/galvannealed steel coupling was investigated, and galvanic corrosion inhibition technology was developed.
CFRP (3K plain weave, epoxy resin) and galvannealed steel (GA) were prepared. CFRP was used on the surface and cross-section. GA was used on the surface as received and the surface of base-steel where the plating layer was removed by polishing. Galvanic corrosion tests were measured in 0.1 M NaCl saturated with air. A scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy system was used to observe the surface of the specimens.
Direct Imaging of Electrochemical Palladium Hydride Formation from PdCoO2 for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Camuti Luca , Kim Se-Ho , Podjaski Filip , Lotsch Bettin Valeska , Zhang Siyuan 
Published: December 2024

Active and reliable electrocatalysts are fundamental to renewable energy technologies.[1] PdCoO2 has recently been recognized as a promising catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic media.[2] This study unveils the activation mechanism of PdCoO2, highlighting two key processes: the leaching of Co atoms from the structure and the formation of palladium hydride (PdHx) nanoparticles.
The former process is studied by operando measurement of Co dissolution and found to be kinetically related to the HER. Scanning electron microscopy cross-sections of PdCoO2 after prolonged HER reveal a thorough transformation towards the PdHx phase. The as-formed hydride nanoparticles were found to be stable up to anodic potentials of 0.8 V (with respect to reversible hydrogen electrode at pH = 1).
The latter, i.e. the formation of hydrides, is confirmed through secondary ion mass spectrometry and quantitatively analyzed by atom probe tomography. By employing deuterium as a proxy for hydrogen, we identified the PdDx phase and determined a D/Pd atomic ratio of 0.28.
Our findings highlight the critical role of palladium hydride formation in understanding the high performance of the HER catalyst derived from PdCoO2, offering insights into the design of more efficient electrocatalysts for renewable energy technologies.

References:

[1] B. You, Y. Sun, Acc.
Chem. Res.
2018
51, 1571-1580.
[2] F. Podjaski, D. Weber, S. Zhang, L. Diehl, R. Eger, V. Duppel, E. Alarcón-Lladó, G. Richter, F. Haase, A. Fontcuberta i Morral, C. Scheu, B. V. Lotsch, Nat Catal
2020
3, 55–63.

Figure 1
Enhanced Performance and Durability of Ruddlesden-Popper Oxide Anodes Decorated with Fe Nanoparticles for Direct Ammonia-Fed Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Ha Jungseub , Choi Junil , Maeng Junbeom , Kim Won Bae 
Published: December 2024

Direct ammonia-fed solid oxide fuel cells (DA-SOFCs) efficiently convert ammonia into electricity, aligning with the necessary temperatures for thermal decomposition of ammonia. However, challenges such as nitridation of anode metal catalysts and decreased cell durability hinder further development. To address these issues, this study explores the partial substitution of Sr with Ba at the A-site of the Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) structure, enhancing the structure's mixed ionic and electronic conductivity (MIEC). This modification aims to improve ammonia's thermal decomposition and the overall electrochemical performance of SOFCs. Incorporating Ba modifies the RP crystal lattice to facilitate metal nanoparticle exsolution and increase basicity, crucial for enhancing nitrogen recombination and desorption during ammonia decomposition. This adaptation helps maintain active catalyst sites and improves durability against nitridation. The study focuses on in-situ exsolution of Fe nanoparticles (NPs) and partial Ba substitution, both of which enhance not only catalytic and electrochemical performance but also durability under operating conditions.
Advanced characterization methods, including X-ray diffraction complemented by Rietveld refinement and high-resolution electron microscopy, elucidate the lattice changes and phase transitions induced by Ba. These modifications promote the exsolution of Fe NPs, pivotal for enhancing electrochemical performance. Electrochemical assessments show that the new Fe NPs exsolved La1.2Sr0.4Ba0.4Mn0.4Fe0.6O4-
δ (R-LSBMF) anode material achieves nearly 100% ammonia decomposition conversion at 650oC and sustains this activity over time, demonstrating its durability. The in-situ reduced LSBMF mixed with GDC (Ce0.9Gd0.1O2) as a DA-SOFC anode shows a maximum power density (MPD) of 1.019 W cm-2 and significantly low ohmic resistance (0.154 Ω cm²) at 800 oC.
This research advances the understanding of elemental substitution in anode materials and underscores the potential of Ruddlesden-Popper phase perovskites for high-efficiency, durable DA-SOFCs. It also enhances the prospects for ammonia as a viable fuel for SOFCs, driving the technology toward sustainable, eco-friendly energy solutions. Therefore, the outstanding catalytic and durability features of the R-LSBMF anode material open paths for commercializing DA-SOFCs, which is essential for addressing environmental challenges.

Figure 1
The Relationship between d-Band Center of Pt in Pt-Based Catalysts and Catalytic Activity for Methanol Oxidation in an Alkaline Aqueous Solution
Authors: Matsumura Tamaki , Fukunishi Mika , Matsumoto Futoshi 
Published: December 2024

In this study, in order to examine the relationship between d-band center of platinum (Pt) in Pt-based catalysts and catalytic activity for methanol electrochemical oxidation in an alkaline aqueous solution, Pt-based nanoparticle catalysts were synthesized and then their electrocatalytic activity and d-band center of Pt in the Pt-based catalyst surfaces were analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Finally, the plots of electrocatalytic activity vs. d-band center of Pt atoms on the catalyst surface were obtained. The plots exhibited a so-called volcano-type correlationship (Fig. 1), indicating that there is an optimum electronic state of Pt atoms on the catalyst surfaces for the methanol oxidation. In addition, the existence of the optimum electronic state was also confirmed from the relationship between the change in the d-band center due to the elution of the second element from the Pt-based alloy catalyst and the catalytic activity.
Fig.1 Relationship between d-band center of the Pt atoms in Pt NPs/CB and Pt-based NPs/CB and current density at -0.1 V for the methanol oxidation.

Figure 1
Electrochemically Engineered Domain: Nickel–Hydroxide/Nickel Nitride Composite for Alkaline HER Electrocatalysis
Authors: Chukwuneke Chikaodili E. , Kawashima Kenta , Li Hao , Marquez Raul A. , Son Yoon Jun , Smith Lettie A , Celio Hugo , Henkleman Graeme , Mullins Charles Buddie 
Published: December 2024

Alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is challenged by the inherent lack of readily available protons for hydrogen production. Since water is the reactant, electrocatalysts needed for Alkaline HER must have a sweet spot for water dissociation and a suitable binding energy for the intermediates. One approach to minimizing the energy requirement in the alkaline HER is by creating a water dissociation site on the catalyst's surface by utilizing site engineering strategies.
In this study, cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles are employed for electrochemical surface oxidation of nickel nitride. The incremental CV anodization led to the formation of a nickel hydroxide-nickel nitride composite which aids the water dissociation. The CV cycles were varied from 50-500 cycles for which 50 CV cycles were found to be the optimum. At 50 CV cycles, the nickel hydroxide-nickel nitride composite enhances the electrocatalytic ability of the precursor by reducing the overpotential from 172 mV to 164 mV and 207.27 mV to 192 mV at 50 and 100 mA/cm2 respectively. The results also show that the charge transfer resistance drops from 8 to 6.5 Ω ohms and the kinetics marked by the Tafel slope also improves as marked by the decrease from 140 mV/dec to 100 mV/dec. This work shows that CV anodization can improve the kinetics of nickel-based pnictides by reconstructing the surface to favor the water dissociation reaction for alkaline HER.

Figure 1
Electrochemical Detection of DNA in Agriculture Using Lamp-Based Amplification
Authors: Kupresanin Ana Miodrag , Pavlovic Zoran Miroslav , Sasic Zoric Ljiljana , Pavlovic Marija , Djisalov Mila , Knezic Teodora , Janjusevic Ljiljana , Kanas Nikola , Peric Milinko , Gadjanski Ivana 
Published: December 2024

The variety and complexity of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are increasing, which makes their detection harder than ever before. This impacts the traceability, safety, and monitoring of food. Current research indicates that GM crop technology may pose risks to human health and the environment. The aim of this study is the development of a LAMP-based GMO electrochemical detection device. LAMP amplification of P-35S, P-FMV, and T-NOS regions (three elements that are most often present in genetically modified plants as part of the transgenic construct) is done using gBlocks, synthetic dsDNA fragments that have an identical DNA sequence to that of the targeted part of a transgenic construct.
Using single-stranded DNA probes containing methylene blue as a redox probe, the electrochemical DNA sensor detects LAMP products that are complementary to the target DNA. The probes were attached to the gold electrodes functionalized by gold nanoparticles, and 2D nanomaterials (MoS2, Mxenes, and reduced graphene oxide). The electrochemical methods, such as alternating current voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry were employed in testing the electrochemical detection response of the DNA probes immobilized on 2D nanomaterials.
The research has shown that the obtained DNA detection signal depends significantly on the methods (and setup parameters) used in electrochemical detection, and the nanomaterials used on electrodes. The electrochemical detection resulted in a signal decrease consequential to the conformational changes of the DNA probes upon attachment of the target DNA. The methylene blue molecules attached at the top of the DNA probes get higher resistance in the electron transfer to the electrode materials, which makes the target DNA detection quantitatively and qualitatively visible. These results are promising for the development of a device that will enable a specific, sensitive, fast, cost-effective, and precise in-field detection system for the routine detection of GMOs.
**Acknowledgments:
*This project is supported by The Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia DEVELOPMENT Program - Green program of cooperation between science and industry - LABOUR project (grant agreement No. 6710), and The Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (451-03-66/2024-03/200358).
*This work is supported through the ANTARES project that has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement SGA-CSA. No. 739570 under FPA No. 664387. https://doi.org/10.3030/739570

Figure 1
Cell Culture Device with a Porous Membrane Electrode for in Situ Electrochemical Measurement of Glucose Uptake and Extracellular pH
Authors: Utagawa Yoshinobu , Ino Kosuke , Abe Hiroya , Shiku Hitoshi 
Published: December 2024

Animal testing has been widely used in drug screening. However, the metabolisms of animals are different from those of humans, and thus the failure is discovered at the clinical trial stage. Therefore, reliable tissue models using human cells are needed for drug screening. Microphysiological systems (MPSs) have recently attracted attention for constructing in vivo-like microenvironments. Porous membranes have been used in cell culture devices to fabricate tissue interfaces and functional cell spheroids. Endpoint assays are general for cell evaluation in these systems. For example, labeling of biomarkers and collecting of supernatants are required to evaluate cells.
Electrochemical measurements have been used in cell analysis because of their good properties including real-time and in-situ measurements.[1] Previously, we have reported a microfluidic device with a porous membrane electrode for in-situ measurement of nitric oxide released from vascular endothelial cells.[2] In this study, we fabricated an electrochemical device integrated with a porous membrane electrode for in-situ measurement of glucose uptake[3] and extracellular pH. In glucose uptake measurement, cancer cell spheroids were put on the porous membrane electrode, and glucose was measured by enzyme-free method. In extracellular pH measurement, cells were cultured on a polyaniline-modified porous membrane electrode, and the open circuit potential versus a Ag/AgCl reference electrode was monitored.
[1] Y. Utagawa et al., Electrochemical Science Advances, 2, 2022, e2100089.
[2] Y. Utagawa et al., Analytical Chemistry, 95, 2023, 18158-18165.
[3] Y. Utagawa et al., in preparation.
(Invited) Introduction/History of Fujishima Laboratory Research
Authors: Nagahara Larry A. , Manivannan Mani 
Published: December 2024

Professor Akira Fujishima (1a) has left indelible marks on the scientific landscape through his groundbreaking discoveries and innovative contributions. Renowned for his seminal work in the field of photocatalysis, Fujishima and members/visitors of his research laboratory have revolutionized various domains, ranging from renewable energy generation to environmental remediation. His pioneering discovery, along with Professor Kenich Honda, of the photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide led to their seminal Nature paper in 1972, demonstrating the decomposition of water (1b), now called the Honda-Fujishima effect. Fujishima and colleagues laid the foundation for a myriad of applications (1c), including self-cleaning surfaces, air and water purification systems, and solar energy conversion technologies. Throughout his illustrious career, Fujishima's insights have not only expanded our fundamental understanding of surface phenomena but have also spurred advancements with profound implications for sustainability and global well-being.
Reference:
Fujishima and K. Honda, Nature, 238, 37-38 (1972).

Figure 1
(Invited) Semiconductor-Sensitized Thermal Cell: Difference of Photoexcitation and Thermal Excitation
Authors: Matsushita Sachiko 
Published: December 2024

A new thermal energy conversion approach called a semiconductor-sensitized thermal cell (STC) was recently reported by the presenters' group.[1,2] STC was inspired by a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), i.e., a photoelectrochemical solar cell. The redox reactions of photoexcited carriers in dyes generate electric power in DSSC. In STC, the redox reactions of thermally-excited carriers in semiconductors generate electric power. It has a simple structure: semiconductor-electrode, counter-electrode, and electrolyte. The power generation was terminated once the chemical equilibrium reached the set temperature. Flipping the switch, the cell moved to a different equilibrium state, restoring its power generation characteristics.
Over the past few years, STC research has progressed. The redox ability of thermally excited carriers in semiconductors has been demonstrated using FeSi2[1] and Ge.[2] The analogy of STC and DSSC has been shown by organic-perovskite-[3] and Ag2S-[4] sensitized cells since those semiconductor-sensitized cells could generate electricity from light and heat, respectively. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) measurements showed that electric power generation was not accomplished through the elution of semiconductor electrodes.[5]
In this presentation, we will carefully explain the STC process, starting with thermally excited charge generation in semiconductors, which is unfamiliar to chemists, and introduce the academic and social implementation directions of STC.
[1] S. Matsushita, A. Tsuruoka, E. Kobayashi, T. Isobe, A. Nakajima, "Redox reactions by thermally excited charge carriers: towards sensitized thermal cells," Mater. Horiz., 4 649–656 (2017).
[2] K. Tamaki, S. Matsushita, "Counter electrode dependence of germanium-sensitized thermal cells," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.
63 01SP22 (2024).
[3] S. Matsushita, S. Sugawara, T. Isobe, A. Nakajima, "Temperature Dependence of a Perovskite-Sensitized Solar Cell: A Sensitized “Thermal” Cell," ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2 13-18 (2019).
[4] Y. Inagawa, T. Isobe, A. Nakajima, S. Matsushita, "Ag2S-Sensitized Thermal Cell," J. Phys. Chem. C, 123 12135-12141 (2019).
[5] S. Matsushita, T. Araki, B. Mei, S. Sugawara, Y. Inagawa, J. Nishiyama, T. Isobe, A. Nakajima, "A sensitized thermal cell recovered using heat," J. Mater. Chem. A, 7 18249-18256 (2019).
(Invited) Electrocatalytic Activity and Structural Insights of Cu, Fe and N-Doped Mesoporous Carbon for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Kato Masaru , Asakura Hiroyuki , Yagi Ichizo 
Published: December 2024

For widespread applications of polymer electrolyte fuel cells, non-PGM electrocatalysts with high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and product selectivity to H2O need to be developed. Metal, nitrogen-doped carbon (M–N–C, M = Fe, Co, Cu, etc.) electrocatalysts have been intensively studied as non-PGM based electrocatalysts in acidic media for the ORR because they show relatively high ORR activity in the non-PGM-based electrocatalysts. Recently, heterometallic doping into nitrogen-doped carbon, which is known as dual-metal atom catalysts, can show the cooperative effect on the ORR activity and product selectivity. We have also developed such heterometallic non-PGM electrocatalysts of Cu, Fe, N-doped carbon nanotubes for the ORR in acidic media, inspired by the active site of a natural ORR catalyst of cytochrome c oxidase [1]. The co-doping of Cu and Fe in carbon nanotubes improves the ORR activity and product selectivity toward H2O via four-electron transfer. However, its ORR activity is relatively low (a turnover frequency of 0.40 e– site–1 s–1 at +0.80 V vs. RHE) and the structure of the active site remains unclear.
We report the synthesis, activity and structural insight of a Cu, Fe, N-doped mesoporous carbon, (Cu,Fe)–N–mesoC, electrocatalyst for the ORR in acidic media. (Cu,Fe)–N–mesoC was prepared in pyrolysis from the composite of an iron complex of a 1,12-diazatriphenylene ligand [2], a multinuclear copper complex of 1,2,4-triazole [3] and mesoporous carbon. (Cu,Fe)–N–mesoC shows a turnover frequency of 1.35 e– site–1 s–1 at +0.80 V vs. RHE and a low hydrogen peroxide yield (< 5%). X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy of (Cu,Fe)–N–mesoC was performed to understand the structure of the active site.
References.
[1] M. Kato, N. Fujibayashi, D. Abe, N. Matsubara, S. Yasuda, I. Yagi, ACS Catal., 11, 2356-2365 (2021).
[2] K. Matsumoto et al., Chem. Eur. J., 28, e20210345 (2022).
[3] M. Kato et al., ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 1, 2358-2364 (2018).