bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory and field investigations on freeze and gravity core sampling and assessment of coring disturbances with implications on gas bubble characterization
Authors: Dück Yannick , Lorke Andreas , Jokiel Christian , Gierse Johannes 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from aquatic ecosystems requires knowledge about the spatial and temporal dynamics of free gas in sediments. Freezing the sediment in situ offers a promising method for obtaining gas‐bearing sediment samples, unaffected by changes in hydrostatic pressure and sample temperature during core withdrawal and subsequent analysis. This article presents a novel freeze coring technique to preserve the in situ stratigraphy and gas bubble characteristics. Nondestructive X‐ray computed tomography (CT) scans were used to identify and characterize coring disturbances of gravity and freeze cores associated with gassy sediment, as well as the effect of the freezing process on the gas bubble characteristics. Real‐time X‐ray CT scans were conducted to visualize the progression of the freezing process. Additional experiments were conducted to determine the freezing rate to assess the probability of sediment particle/bubble migration, and gas bubble nucleation at the phase transition of pore water to ice. The performance of the freeze coring technique was evaluated under field conditions in Olsberg and Urft Reservoir (Germany). The results demonstrate the capability of the freeze coring technique for the preservation of gas‐bearing sediments and the analysis of gas bubble distribution pattern in both reservoirs. Nevertheless, the obtained cores showed that nearly all gravity and freeze cores show some degree of coring disturbances.
Treatment of Post‐Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation in Patients With Darker Skin Types Using a Low Energy 1,927 nm Non‐Ablative Fractional Laser: A Retrospective Photographic Review Analysis
Authors: Bae Yoon‐Soo Cindy , Rettig Samantha , Weiss Elliot , Bernstein Leonard , Geronemus Roy 
Published: October 2019

Background and ObjectivesPost inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) can be difficult to treat especially in patients with darker skin types as darker skin carries increased epidermal melanin content. Various treatments available to improve the appearance of PIH may incite further pigmentation thus making treatment extremely difficult and frustrating. The purpose of this study was to perform a retrospective chart and photographic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of a low energy low density non‐ablative fractional1927 nm wavelength laser treatment for PIH in patients with Fitzpatrick skin types IV‐VI.Study DesignA retrospective evaluation of 61 patients with PIH treated with a 1927 nm laser was conducted at a single center. Inclusion criteria required at least 2 treatment sessions so that before and after treatment photographs would be available for comparison and study purposes. Two blinded physician‐evaluators using a visual analog scale for percentage of pigmentary clearance in standard photographs assessed treatment efficacy.ResultsThe mean percent improvement after treatment, evaluated by two dermatologists was 43.24%. The correlation between raters was statistically significant (Pearson's correlation coefficienct of r = 0.59, p < 0.0001). No side effects were observed in the patients treated with the 1927 nm laser.ConclusionThe low energy low density non‐ablative fractional 1927 nm wavelength laser is a safe and effective modality for improving post inflammatory hyperpigmentation in patients with darker skin types. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Posttransplant Outcome of Lean Compared With Obese Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in the United States: The Obesity Paradox
Authors: Satapathy Sanjaya K. , Jiang Yu , Agbim Uchenna , Wu Cen , Bernstein David E. , Teperman Lewis W. , Kedia Satish K. , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Bhamidimarri Kalyan Ram , Duseja Ajay , Maiwall Rakhi , Maliakkal Benedict , Jalal Prasun , Patel Keyur , Puri Puneet , Ravinuthala Ravi , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Abdelmalek Manal F. , Ahmed Aijaz , Thuluvath Paul J. , Singal Ashwani K. ,   for the Global NAFLD Consortium
Published: October 2019

Morbid obesity is considered a relative contraindication for liver transplantation (LT). We investigated if body mass index (BMI; lean versus obese) is a risk factor for post‐LT graft and overall survival in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and non‐NASH patients. Using the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database, LT recipients from January 2002 to June 2013 (age ≥18 years) with follow‐up until 2017 were included. The association of BMI categories calculated at LT with graft and overall survival after LT were examined. After adjusting for confounders, all obesity cohorts (overweight and class 1, class 2, and class 3 obesity) among LT recipients for NASH had significantly reduced risk of graft and patient loss at 10 years of follow‐up compared with the lean BMI cohort. In contrast, the non‐NASH group of LT recipients had no increased risk for graft and patient loss for overweight, class 1, and class 2 obesity groups but had significantly increased risk for graft (P < 0.001) and patient loss (P = 0.005) in the class 3 obesity group. In this retrospective analysis of the UNOS database, adult recipients selected for first LT and NASH patients with the lowest BMI have the worse longterm graft and patient survival as opposed to non‐NASH patients where the survival was worse with higher BMI.
Identification of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome via newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency. Two years’ experience in Catalonia (Spain)
Authors: Martin‐Nalda Andrea , Cueto‐González Anna M. , Argudo‐Ramírez Ana , Marin‐Soria Jose L. , Martinez‐Gallo Monica , Colobran Roger , Plaja Albert , Castells Neus , Riviere Jacques , Tizzano Eduardo F. , Soler‐Palacin Pere 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe current scenario of newborn screening is changing as DNA studies are being included in the programs of several countries. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) disorders can be detected using quantitative PCR assays to measure T‐cell receptor excision circles (TRECs), a byproduct of correct T‐cell development. However, in addition to SCID, other T‐cell‐deficient phenotypes such as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome 22q11.2 duplication syndrome, CHARGE syndrome, and trisomy 21 are detected.MethodsWe present our experience with the detection of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and 22q11.2 duplication syndrome in a series of 103,903 newborns included in the newborn screening program of Catalonia (Spain).ResultsThirty newborns tested were positive (low TREC levels) and five were found to have copy number variations at the 22q11 region (4 deletions and 1 duplication) when investigated with array comparative genomic hybridization technology and MLPA.ConclusionNewborn screening for SCID enables detection of several conditions, such as 22q syndromes, which should be managed by prompt, proactive approaches with adequate counseling for families by a multidisciplinary team.
ALADDIN: Docking Approach Augmented by Machine Learning for Protein Structure Selection Yields Superior Virtual Screening Performance
Authors: Fan Ningning , Bauer Christoph A. , Stork Conrad , de Bruyn Kops Christina , Kirchmair Johannes 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProtein flexibility and solvation pose major challenges to docking algorithms and scoring functions. One established strategy for addressing these challenges is to use multiple protein conformations for docking (all‐against‐all ensemble docking). Recent studies have shown that the performance of ensemble docking can be improved by selecting the most relevant protein structures for docking. In search for a robust approach to protein structure selection, we have come up with an integrated mAchine Learning AnD DockINg approach (ALADDIN). ALADDIN employs a battery of random forest classifiers to select, individually for each compound of interest, from an ensemble of protein structures, the single most suitable protein structure for docking. ALADDIN outperformed the best single‐structure docking runs, ensemble docking and a similarity‐based docking approach on three out of four investigated targets, with up to 0.15, 0.11 and 0.16 higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values, respectively. Only in the case of cytochrome P450 3A4, ALADDIN, like any of the other tested approaches, failed to obtain decent performance. ALADDIN can be particularly useful for structure‐based virtual screening of malleable proteins, including kinases, some viral enzymes and anti‐targets.
Translating In Vitro Acrolein‐Trapping Capacities of Tea Polyphenol and Soy Genistein to In Vivo Situation is Mediated by the Bioavailability and Biotransformation of Individual Polyphenols
Authors: Huang Qiju , Zhu Yingdong , Lv Lishuang , Sang Shengmin 
Published: October 2019

ScopeAcrolein (ACR) is a highly toxic unsaturated aldehyde. Humans are both endogenously and exogenously exposed to ACR. Long‐term exposure to ACR leads to various chronic diseases. Dietary polyphenols have been reported to be able to attenuate ACR‐induced toxicity in vitro via formation of ACR‐polyphenol conjugates. However, whether in vitro ACR‐trapping abilities of polyphenols can be maintained under in vivo environments is still unknown.Methods and resultsTwo most commonly consumed dietary polyphenols, (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) from tea and genistein from soy, are evaluated for their anti‐Acrolein behaviors both in vitro and in mice. Tea EGCG exerts a much higher capacity to capture ACR than soy genistein in vitro. But translation of in vitro anti‐ACR activity into in vivo is mainly mediated by bioavailability and biotransformation of individual polyphenols. It is found that 1) both absorbed EGCG and genistein can trap endogenous ACR by forming mono‐ACR adducts and eventually be excreted into mouse urine; 2) both absorbed EGCG and genistein can produce active metabolites, methyl‐EGCG (MeEGCG) and orobol, to scavenge endogenous ACR; 3) both MeEGCG and non‐absorbed EGCG show ability to trap ACR in the gut; 4) considerable amounts of microbial metabolites of genistein display enhanced anti‐ACR capacity both in the body and in the gut, compared to genistein; and 5) biotransformation of genistein is able to boost its in vivo anti‐ACR capacity, compared to EGCG.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate that in vivo anti‐ACR ability of dietary polyphenols cannot be reflected solely based on their in vitro ability. The bioavailability and biotransformation of individual polyphenols, and especially the gut microbiome, contribute to in vivo anti‐ACR ability of dietary polyphenols.
The 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of Strychnos alkaloids revisited at the DFT level
Authors: Semenov Valentin A. , Samultsev Dmitry O. , Krivdin Leonid B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe density functional theory calculation of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts in a series of ten 10 classically known Strychnos alkaloids with a strychnine skeleton was performed at the PBE0/pcSseg‐2//pcseg‐2 level. It was found that calculated 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts provided a markedly good correlation with experiment characterized by a mean absolute error of 0.08 ppm in the range of 7 ppm for protons and 1.67 ppm in the range of 150 ppm for carbons, so that a mean absolute percentage error was as small as ~1% in both cases.
RF field strength control and an envelope detector
Authors: Lusk Greg , Gullion Terry 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA brief description of a radio‐frequency (RF) field strength controller is presented along with an experiment to test the long‐term RF field strength stability of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. Active control of RF field strengths may be necessary for quantitative measurements of NMR parameters, especially when experiments require days to run. An envelope detector, easily incorporated in any spectrometer, is also presented. The envelope detector provides an easy way to observe the pulse sequence on an inexpensive oscilloscope and can be useful in troubleshooting.
Age and Growth of Freshwater Drum and Gizzard Shad Occupying Two Reservoir-River Complexes with Different Groundwater Contributions
Authors: Dattilo John , Shoup Daniel E. , Brewer Shannon K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Restoring groundwater flow is a management option that improves water temperature regimes and benefits fishes. Although this strategy applies more readily to river systems, the thermal character of reservoirs is heavily influenced by inflowing rivers. We examined differences in age, structure, and growth of both Freshwater Drum Aplodinotus grunniens and Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum that occupy catchments with varying groundwater contributions in the south-central United States. Seepage run data indicated that the Kiamichi River was losing surface water to groundwater in summer 2016, whereas groundwater inflows were apparent in the Elk River basin. Summer 2016 data showed that the Elk River had cooler water temperatures than the Kiamichi River and Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees water temperatures were similar to those in the incoming Elk River. We found higher densities of older Freshwater Drum and Gizzard Shad (maximums of 32 and 8 years old, respectively) in samples from the Grand basin than among fish that were sampled from the Kiamichi River basin (21 and 6 years old, respectively). Freshwater Drum grew at similar rates in both basins even though they reached larger maximum lengths in the Grand basin (649 mm TL) than in the Kiamichi River basin (600 mm). The average asymptotic length was greater for the Kiamichi population (L∞ = 613 mm) than for the Grand population (L∞ = 557 mm). Gizzard Shad from the Grand basin were larger than those from the Kiamichi River basin, though the latter population grew faster initially (Brody growth coefficient: K = 0.787 versus K = 0.179, respectively), but they had smaller asymptotic length (L∞ = 206 mm versus L∞ = 343 mm). The role that groundwater plays in temperature regulation in these basins partially explains the observed differences. Our results suggest that the metabolic theory of ecology can be applied to fisheries management at a finer spatial scale.
Incontinence and psychological symptoms in Phelan‐McDermid syndrome
Authors: Hussong Justine , Wagner Catharina , Curfs Leopold , von Gontard Alexander 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsPhelan‐McDermid syndrome (PMD) is a congenital syndrome caused by a deletion on chromosome 22q13.3. About 600 cases have been identified worldwide. PMD is characterized by neonatal hypotonia, moderate/severe intellectual impairment, impaired expressive language, and typical dysmorphic features. Psychological symptoms as hyperactivity, attention problems, restlessness, and stereotyped‐repetitive behavior were reported. The aim of the study was to assess incontinence and associated psychological problems in PMD.MethodsForty‐one individuals with PMD were recruited through a German support group (48.8% male; mean age 13.4 years; range, 4‐55 years). Parents or caregivers completed the developmental behavior checklist (DBC), as well as the parental questionnaire: enuresis/urinary incontinence, including six questions on adaptive toileting skills.ResultsRates of nocturnal enuresis (NE), daytime urinary incontinence, and fecal incontinence were 86%, 73%, and 79%. Rates were similar in all age groups (children, teens, adults). Constipation was present in 19%. Forty‐two percent of the sample had a clinically relevant DBC score, with adults more affected than teens. Persons with NE had significantly higher “anxiety/depression” subscale scores. Toileting skills were more developed in adults than in children. Sixty‐eight percent had further physical disabilities.ConclusionsIncontinence rates in PMD are high in all age groups. However, persons with PMD can improve their toilet skills. Therefore, the assessment and treatment of incontinence in persons with PMD is recommended. Constipation does not seem to be a major problem in PMD. Due to the high prevalence rates of somatic conditions, an assessment for organic and functional incontinence is recommended.
On reducing the number of decision variables for dynamic optimization
Authors: Rodrigues Diogo , Bonvin Dominique 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThis paper presents an input parameterization for dynamic optimization that allows reducing the number of decision variables compared to traditional direct methods. A small number of decision variables is likely to be beneficial for various applications such as global optimization and real‐time optimization in the presence of plant‐model mismatch. The procedure consists of three steps: (i) adjoint‐free optimal control laws are computed for all arc types that may be present in the solution, and a finite set of plausible arc sequences is postulated; (ii) the sensitivity‐seeking arcs are either described by analytical control laws or approximated by cubic splines, which results in a parsimonious input parameterization that represents the optimal inputs using only a few parameters, namely, switching times and initial conditions for the sensitivity‐seeking arcs; and (iii) for each arc sequence, optimal parameter values are computed via numerical optimization, and the sequence with the best cost is optimal. The procedure is illustrated via the simulated examples of a semibatch reactor and a distillation column.
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital head, face, and neck malformations—Is complementary fetal MRI of value?
Authors: Zemet Roni , Amdur‐Zilberfarb Inna , Shapira Moran , Ziv‐Baran Tomer , Hoffmann Chen , Kassif Eran , Katorza Eldad 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the role of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a complement to ultrasound (US) in the prenatal diagnosis of craniofacial anomalies.MethodsA historical cohort study including all pregnant women who were referred for fetal MRI because of antenatal diagnosis of craniofacial anomalies on screening US. Prenatal diagnostic US, MRI, and postnatal diagnosis were compared for consistencies and discrepancies.ResultsForty‐five pregnant women with 73 suspected fetal craniofacial anomalies diagnosed by US underwent MRI. In 40 out of 73 anomalies (54.8%), US and MRI findings were in complete agreement with postnatal diagnoses. MRI correctly ruled out the diagnosis of 24 anomalies suspected on US and diagnosed four additional pathologies that were not demonstrated by US. Out of the 85 anomalies (suspected by imaging or confirmed postnatally), confident diagnosis could be made by MRI in 68 anomalies (80%), not diagnosed in 10 (11.8%), and over‐diagnosed in seven (8.2%). By US, confident diagnosis could be made in 44 anomalies (51.8%), not diagnosed in 11 (12.9%), and over‐diagnosed in 30 (35.3%).ConclusionMRI is valuable in the antenatal evaluation of fetal craniofacial anomalies and may be useful as an adjunct to US in the prenatal work‐up of craniofacial anomalies.
The role of metacognition and its indirect effect through cognitive attentional syndrome on fear of cancer recurrence trajectories: A longitudinal study
Authors: Ng Danielle W. L. , Foo Chi‐Chung , Ng Simon S. M. , Kwong Ava , Suen Dacita , Chan Miranda , Or Amy , Chun Oi Kwan , Fielding Brenna F. S. , Lam Wendy W. T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis longitudinal study mapped distinct trajectories of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) over 12 months among patients with breast (BC) or colorectal (CRC) cancer, and examined if metacognition, indirectly via attentional bias, intrusive thoughts and avoidance (hallmarks of cognitive attentional syndrome; CAS) predicted FCR trajectory membership.MethodsTwo hundred and seventy BC (n = 163) or CRC (n = 107) patients were assessed at 8‐weeks, 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐months postsurgery on a measure of FCR (FCRI‐SF). Metacognition (MCQ‐30), Intrusive and Avoidant Thoughts (CIES‐R) and attentional bias (dot‐probe tasks) were assessed at baseline. Latent growth mixture modeling identified FCR trajectories. Fully‐adjusted Multinomial Logistic Regression identified whether direct and indirect effects of metacognition through CAS determined FCR trajectory membership.ResultsThree distinct FCR trajectories were identified, namely, low‐stable (62.4%), high‐stable (29.2%), and recovery (8.3%). Negative beliefs about worry, cognitive confidence, and age predicted FCR trajectories (χ2 (6) = 38.31, P<.001). Compared with Low‐stable group, Recovery FCR patients held greater Negative beliefs about worry (OR = 1.13, P = .035) and High‐stable FCR patients reported poorer Cognitive confidence (OR = 1.12, P = .004). The effect of Negative beliefs about worry was partially mediated by avoidance (β = .06, 95% CIs 0.03‐0.12) and fully mediated by intrusive thoughts (β = .14, 95% CIs 0.08‐0.20). Attentional bias did not predict FCR trajectories.ConclusionsWhile most patients experienced low level of FCR, 3 in 10 persistently worried about cancer returning over the first 12‐months postsurgery. Modifying metacognitive knowledge to interrupt maladaptive cognitive processing including intrusion and avoidance may be an effective therapeutic intervention for patients at risk of persistent FCR.
A systematic review of the unmet supportive care needs of men on active surveillance for prostate cancer
Authors: McIntosh Megan , Opozda Melissa J. , Evans Holly , Finlay Amy , Galvão Daniel A. , Chambers Suzanne K. , Short Camille E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveUnderstanding the unmet supportive care needs of men on active surveillance for prostate cancer may enable researchers and health professionals to better support men and prevent discontinuation when there is no evidence of disease progression. This review aimed to identify the specific unmet supportive care needs of men on active surveillance.MethodsA systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Databases (Pubmed, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) were searched to identify qualitative and/or quantitative studies that reported unmet needs specific to men on active surveillance. Quality appraisals were conducted before results were narratively synthesised.ResultsOf the 3613 unique records identified, only eight articles were eligible (five qualitative and three cross‐sectional studies). Unmet Informational, Emotional/Psychological, Social, and “Other” needs were identified. Only three studies had a primary aim of investigating unmet supportive care needs. Small active surveillance samples, use of nonvalidated measures, and minimal reporting of author reflexivity in qualitative studies were the main quality issues identified.ConclusionsThe unmet needs of men on active surveillance is an underresearched area. Preliminary evidence suggests the information available and provided to men during active surveillance is perceived as inadequate and inconsistent. Men may also be experiencing unmet psychological/emotional, social, and other needs; however, further representative, high‐quality research is required to understand the magnitude of this issue. Reporting results specific to treatment type and utilising relevant theories/models (such as the social ecological model [SEM]) is recommended to ensure factors that may facilitate unmet needs are appropriately considered and reported.