bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atividade física, nutrição, farmacoterapia; a obesidade e seus tratamentos: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: de Faria André Pinto Lemos 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOO interesse principal desta revisão é avaliar as estratégias e métodos farmacológicos ou não para o tratamento da obesidade e sobrepeso. A obesidade é, hoje, umas das principais doenças da vida moderna; tendências de transição nutricional ocorridas neste século direcionam para uma dieta mais ocidentalizada, a qual, aliada à diminuição progressiva da atividade física, converge para o aumento no número de casos de obesidade em todo o mundo. Isto representa aumento na morbidade e na mortalidade associadas à obesidade, já que esta é fator de risco para várias doenças. Como uma DCNT (doença crônica não transmissível) a IHME (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation) atribui 3,4 milhões de mortes e uma prevalência de 37% da população mundial adulta com obesidade e sobrepeso de 1980 - 2013. A obesidade apresenta-se não apenas como problema científico e de saúde pública, mas também como grande desafio à indústria, envolvendo o desenvolvimento de fármacos, de alimentos modificados entre outros e, ainda, estratégias governamentais estimulando a prática regular de atividade física e a orientação alimentar, a fim de promover melhorias dos hábitos salutares. Assim, a avaliação de recursos e estratégias preventivas da obesidade são objetos de estudos de pesquisadores de inúmeros centros.
Abordagem nutrológica do transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade em crianças
Authors: de Alvarenga Noé Tadeu Gomes 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo é conduzir uma revisão não-sistemática da literatura disponível sobre a abordagem nutrológica do Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) em crianças. Os numerosos tratamentos nutrológicos que têm sido propostos incluem dietas de restrição e eliminação de alimentos (REDs), suplementação com ácidos graxos ômega-3, ferro, zinco e magnésio.
Influência do sobrepeso sobre a Estrutura de Sustentação Osteomuscular
Authors: Guerreiro Carlos Tostes , Iannetta Renata , Marchini José Sérgio , Filho Durval Ribas , Feitosa Ricardo Barelli , Iannetta Odilon 
Published: February 2020

RESUMO
Introdução: Neste século, entre as inúmeras enfermidades crônicas, destacam-se a obesidade e a osteoporose que, em decorrência da crescente e elevada prevalência, passaram a ser consideradas epidêmicas e dois graves problemas de saúde pública. São escassas as pesquisas multidisciplinares referentes às queixas clínicas osteomusculares em portadores de sobrepeso e que avaliaram simultaneamente o estado da estrutura de sustentação osteomuscular e a composição óssea. A Nova Biologia Óssea, desde tenra idade, possibilita rastrear as duas matrizes ósseas (proteica e inorgânica), bem como o estado da estrutura de sustentação do sistema osteomuscular. Na atualidade, é possível rastrear de forma completa a matriz proteica óssea e detectar as alterações precoces decorrentes dos hábitos, costumes, medicações, ociosidade, deficiências hormonais, obesidade, doenças crônicas etc. O antigo entendimento de que a obesidade exerce ação protetora às fraturas foi comutado pelas pesquisas, no âmbito molecular, que constataram que o adipócito e os osteoblastos compartilham a mesma célula progenitora. Objetivo: Realizar o rastreamento das duas matrizes ósseas e comparar o padrão da estrutura de sustentação óssea em indivíduos adultos jovens saudáveis e em sobrepeso. Resultado: A comparação revelou que as duas ferramentas qualitativas acusaram diferença significativa para p < 0,001. A estratificação da ferramenta UBPI revelou que, em 7,7%, a qualidade óssea está inadequada nos portadores de sobrepeso e nenhum caso no grupo de controle. A estratificação do Perfil Biofísico Ósseo (PBO) detectou, nos sobrepesos, 43,1% com Perfil Inverso e nenhum caso no grupo de controle. Com relação à ferramenta quantitativa (T-score) não foram detectadas diferenças em suas três estratificações. Conclusão: em pacientes portadores de sobrepeso a análise precoce de duas ferramentas qualitativas ósseas (PBO e UBPI) disponibilizam informações importantes sobre a estrutura de sustentação osteomuscular diante das diferentes intervenções instituídas, facultando ao nutrólogo controles clínicos precisos e em curto prazo.
A importância da idade na síndrome metabólica em pacientes portadoras de ovários policísticos
Authors: Cavalcante Breno Garcia Cruz de Holanda , Gois Larissa Habib Mendonça , Santos José Gilmar Costa , da Silva Rosileide Alves , Dias Júlia Maria Gonçalves 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOO presente estudo objetiva avaliar a prevalencia e caracteristicas individuais da sindrome metabolica (SM) em mulheres sergipanas portadoras da sindrome dos ovarios policisticos (SOP) utilizando-se a idade como variavel de associacao. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, envolvendo 50 mulheres com idade entre 25 e 50 anos, com diagnostico de SOP, segundo os criterios de Rotterdam (2003). Para o diagnostico de SM foram adotados os criterios do National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). A prevalencia de sindrome metabolica foi de 56%. Quanto aos componentes individuais da SM, evidenciou-se: circunferencia abdominal > 88 cm em 72%, triglicerideos ≥ 150 mg/dl em 32%, HDL-colesterol < 50 mg/dl em 54%, glicemia de jejum ≥ 110 mg/dl em 26%, pressao arterial sistolica ≥ 130 mmHg em 52% e pressao arterial diastolica ≥ 85 mmHg em 40%. Pacientes com idade igual ou acima de 35 anos apresentaram maior percentual de Circunferencia Abdominal (CA) >88 cm (40%), niveis de triglicerideos alterados (20%), HDL-colesterol com niveis abaixo de 50 mg/dl (34%), valores alterados de glicemia de jejum (22%), Pressao Arterial Sistolica (PAS) igual ou acima de 130 mmHg (36%) e Pressao Arterial Diastolica (PAD) igual ou acima de 85 mmHg (26%). Houve associacao estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) entre a idade e as seguintes variaveis: CA, triglicerideos, glicemia de jejum e PAD. Houve prevalencia significativa de SM em mais da metade das mulheres avaliadas, indicando chances aumentadas para o desenvolvimento de Doencas Cardiovasculares (DCV) e apontando a necessidade de rastreamento de riscos cardiovasculares entre as mulheres com manifestacoes clinicas da SOP.
Hábito alimentar nos lanches intermediários de crianças escolares brasileiras de 7 a 11 anos: estudo em amostra nacional representativa
Authors: Fisberg Mauro , Previdelli Agatha Nogueira , Del’Arco Ana Paula Wolf Tasca , Tosatti Abykeyla , Nogueira-de-Almeid Carlos Alberto 
Published: February 2020

RESUMO
Objetivo: Avaliar a composição e o valor nutricional dos lanches intermediários das crianças escolares brasileiras. Metodologia: Análise secundária de questionário estruturado, sobre o tipo e quantidade dos alimentos consumidos nos lanches por um período de 3 dias, respondido pelas mães de 2.365 crianças de 7 a 11 anos de todas as regiões do Brasil. Resultados: 97,46% das crianças realizaram os lanches intermediários que, em média, foram compostos por 2,9 grupos de alimentos. Os lanches da manhã (LM) foram caracterizados por biscoitos, frutas e iogurtes. Nos lanches da tarde (LT), que geralmente se mostraram mais calóricos, o grupo dos iogurtes foi substituído pelos pães em geral. Em relação aos nutrientes, observou-se um consumo expressivo de açúcar de adição, com destaque para as regiões Centro-Oeste e Norte + Nordeste, cujo consumo total (LM + LT) de 28,3 gramas ultrapassou o limite diário preconizado pela OMS. Outro importante achado foi o consumo sódio, cujo consumo nas crianças da amostra Brasil, nos dois lanches, atingiu 65% do valor de AI em todos os lanches, sendo maior no LT. Conclusão: As crianças escolares brasileiras têm o hábito de realizar os lanches intermediários, o que favorece o preenchimento dos requerimentos nutricionais, principalmente de vitaminas e fibras. Porém, a composição dos lanches revelou um consumo expressivo de açúcar de adição e sódio, o que pode impactar negativamente na saúde das crianças. Isso reforça a necessidade de campanhas educativas tanto às crianças quanto aos responsáveis por sua alimentação.
Diasporic media and counterpublics
Authors: Mădroane Irina Diana , Ciocea Mălina , Cârlan Alexandru I. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The article examines three Romanian diasporic publications in the UK, aiming to identify the formation of a diasporic counterpublic in opposition to mainstream anti-EU immigration stances, during and after the 2016 referendum. Drawing upon (critical) discourse analysis, argumentation theory and rhetoric, it proposes a discursive operationalisation of the concept of counterpublic, employed to analyse the articulation of exclusion and the expression of opposition in diasporic media. The diasporic contributions undermine the nativist logic of particular mainstream stances by exposing discrimination and injustice against EU immigrants as unacceptable for a democratic society, and by openly rejecting the identity-based hierarchies that uphold this logic. Such positions co-exist with the partial reproduction of symbolic boundaries, in a style that is similarly mixed (deliberation, irony, personal narratives, classic reporting and blog style). Despite these contradictory tendencies, critical awareness is raised through (self-)reflexivity and resistance, and claims grounded in EU citizenship rights are made.
Who are ‘the people’?
Authors: Pasitselska Olga , Baden Christian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As expressions without clear definition but with strong normative charging, empty signifiers play an important
role in political discourse. Uniting diverse populations under a common banner and endowing political demands with self-evident
legitimacy, they constitute a potent tool for rallying support for political action. Among empty signifiers, one particularly
versatile construct are ‘the people’ as bearers of ultimate political legitimacy. In this paper, we investigate how ‘the people’
are constructed in propagandistic conflict narratives during the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, imbuing the concept with different
meanings in the pursuit of competing political ends. We show how ‘the people’ are constructed as democratic sovereign, enduring
nation, moral humans or dispersed media publics, each time summoning different kinds of legitimacy and using different strategies
to construct encompassing consensus and marginalize dissent. We discuss implications for the study of ideological discourse,
populism and political communication.
“So my position is…”
Authors: Hutchby Ian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article examines the interactional functions of the so-prefaced answer, when used by interviewees in news and
other political discussion broadcasts. Using the methods of conversation analysis, based on a data corpus of recent broadcasts
from British mainstream television, the analysis shows that the so-preface functions in a cluster of related ways within the
question-answer discourse structure of the political news interview. Specifically, it is used to reset or reframe the prior
question from a standpoint of epistemic authority, enabling the interviewee to answer on their terms rather than the
interviewer’s.
Who’s afraid of aggression
Authors: Stamouli Eirini 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Impoliteness scholars have drawn attention to the fact that any deviation from the stereotypical ‘polite’ and ‘feminine’ behaviour, in certain communities of practice, is considered impolite and offensive (Mills 2005). The aim of the study is to investigate how im/politeness constructs gender identities in two Greek stage translations (1977, 2006) of Edward Albee’s Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1962), through analysis of how the translators reshape the im/polite behaviour in the interaction of the main couple to capture the audience’s attention. An emic approach to the analysis of the two translations, along with a glimpse into multimodal aspects of interaction, namely, the body language as manifested in the film adaptation of the play (1966), indicate subversion of gender roles and different levels of aggression in the two Greek versions, highlighting the significance of the chronological distance between the two translations. The study reveals that impoliteness theories can be applicable to stage translation, that body language may be another factor contributing to the shaping of im/politeness, while there is a growing awareness that relationships and gender roles, in the sphere of the spectacle, continuously embrace aggression for entertainment purposes.
Blaming, critique and irritation in the family through translation
Authors: Rigalou Aristea 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study intends (a) to heighten awareness of how impoliteness scholarship may enlighten translation research and practice, and (b) to broaden the scope of research in impoliteness studies by considering stage translation data. It examines Tennessee Williams’ playThe Glass Menagerie([1944] 2018) and two of its Greek translated versions (byNikos Spanias, 1946/1987,Γυάλινος Κόσμος[Glass World] and byErrikos Belies, 2001/2014,Ο Γυάλινος Κόσμος[The Glass World]). It attempts an intra-cultural comparison of the two translations to examine how translators rendered impoliteness in family interaction, taking into account their chronological gap. The study takes an emic perspective to the data, designs a questionnaire eliciting respondents’ evaluation of impolite options and usesGarcia-Pastor’s (2008)model of face-aggravating strategies to account for the findings. Findings show that the second translation conveys the conflict between the main characters in more concrete terms, exploiting more face-aggravating strategies in relation to the first translation. The study also shows that the respondents seem to favour more impolite renderings by considering the characters’ intimate relationships, confirming the connection between intimacy and impoliteness. The significance of the research lies in the fact that it broadens the scope of (im)politeness theory and studies to include another field that could provide data for the research of such instances of interaction, namely translation studies and in that it shows the validity of pragmatics in enlightening translation practice.
Mask and face
Authors: Blana Maria-Nikoleta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIm/politeness scholars have highlighted the significance of ideology in the use of im/politeness phenomena, as the very notion of im/politeness presupposes a mental filtering of discourse through preconceptions that already exist in the mind (Terkourafi 1999,2001,2005;Mills 2003;Culpeper 2011;Kádár and Haugh 2013). The study aims at demonstrating how im/politeness can be manifested in two Greek versions of a dramatic dialogue that has its roots in the ancient theatre, where masks may be thought to undertake functions of face/identity formation in (im)politeness theory. The focus is on Eugene O’Neil’s dramatic trilogyMourning Becomes Electra(1931) and on two Greek stage translations of the play that are twenty-one years apart (1986 and 2007). The study adopts both a second/ first order (Grainger 2011, or etic/emic) approach to the data, to gain further insight into how im/politeness plays out in the target versions and also considers in/appropriateness of social behaviour (Locher and Watts 2008) to further understanding of aspects of the relational work enacted by the protagonist. The analysis accentuates the significance of the narrative or the point of view of the target versions of the play. Findings highlight the use of different im/politeness strategies in the translated interaction between the siblings, Orin and Lavinia, which affect respondents’ appropriateness judgements. Respondents appreciated a higher tension between intimacy and aggression as manifested in one of the two translations. The study underscores the value of translation data in im/politeness research by drawing attention to intra-cultural variation with regards to the use of im/politeness manifesting a different narrative/point of view (e.g. non/religious, non/allusive to the ancient theatre). Conversely, im/politeness research contributes to translation practice by showing that im/politeness options may exert influence on audience response.
Random forest models for PM2.5 speciation concentrations using MISR fractional AODs
Authors: Geng Guannan , Meng Xia , He Kebin , Liu Yang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that various chemical components of PM2.5 might have differential toxicities to human health, although such studies are hindered by the sparse or non-existent coverage of ground PM2.5 speciation monitors. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) onboard the Terra satellite has an innovative design to provide information about aerosol shape, size and extinction that are more related to PM2.5 speciation concentrations. In this study, we developed random forest models that incorporated ground measurements of PM2.5 species, MISR fractional AODs, simulated PM2.5 speciation concentrations from a chemical transport model (CTM), land use variables and meteorological fields, to predict ground-level daily PM2.5 sulfate, nitrate, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations in California between 2005 and 2014. Our models had out-of-bag R
2 of 0.72, 0.70, 0.68 and 0.70 for sulfate, nitrate, OC and EC, respectively. We also conducted sensitivity tests to explore the influence of variable selection on model performance. Results show that if there are sufficient ground measurements and predictor data to support the most sophisticated model structure, fractional AODs and total AOD have similar predicting power in estimating PM2.5 species. Otherwise, models using fractional AODs outperform those with total AOD. PM2.5 speciation concentrations are more sensitive to land use variables than other supporting data (e.g., CTM simulations and meteorological information).
Application of a novel pH-responsive gemini surfactant for delivery of curcumin molecules
Authors: Rahimzadeh Maral , Sadeghizadeh Majid , Najafi Farhood , Arab Seyed Shahriar , Pourhosseini Pouneh Sadat 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
During the last few decades, extensive studies have been conducted to elucidate the anti-cancer effects of curcumin. Despite promising results indicating curcumin could impede cancer cells ability thrive and proliferation, clinical applications of it have been limited. This limitation is mainly due to low solubility, poor bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and deficient absorption. To improve the physiochemical properties of curcumin, we have synthesized a novel biodegradable gemini surfactant in which curcumin molecules were entrapped. Gemini surfactant-curcumin nanocapsules were prepared using nanoprecipitation method and characterized by several techniques including, DLS, TEM, AFM, FTIR, DSC and XRD. The in vitro MTT assay, cellular uptake, and apoptosis assay were performed using MDA-MB-231 cell line. The gemini surfactant molecules were able to form vesicles in aqueous solution with a narrow size distribution (PDI

≅

0.3). An encapsulation efficiency of 87.45 ± 2.3% and the drug loading content of 4.98 ± 0.12% were acquired. Curcumin molecules were dispersed in the hydrophobic shell of the vesicles, and sustained release profile was observed. Due to the increased cellular uptake and sustained release profile, the gemini surfactant-curcumin nanocapsules exhibited higher cytotoxicity and enhanced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells compared to free curcumin. The results indicate that gemini surfactant-curcumin complex shows considerable promise as an anti-breast cancer drug.
Biology drives the discovery of bispecific antibodies as innovative therapeutics
Authors: Nie Siwei , Wang Zhuozhi , Moscoso-Castro Maria , D'Souza Paul , Lei Can , Xu Jianqing , Gu Jijie 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTA bispecific antibody (bsAb) is able to bind two different targets or two distinct epitopes on the same target. Broadly speaking, bsAbs can include any single molecule entity containing dual specificities with at least one being antigen-binding antibody domain. Besides additive effect or synergistic effect, the most fascinating applications of bsAbs are to enable novel and often therapeutically important concepts otherwise impossible by using monoclonal antibodies alone or their combination. This so-called obligate bsAbs could open up completely new avenue for developing novel therapeutics. With evolving understanding of structural architecture of various natural or engineered antigen-binding immunoglobulin domains and the connection of different domains of an immunoglobulin molecule, and with greatly improved understanding of molecular mechanisms of many biological processes, the landscape of therapeutic bsAbs has significantly changed in recent years. As of September 2019, over 110 bsAbs are under active clinical development, and near 180 in preclinical development. In this review article, we introduce a system that classifies bsAb formats into 30 categories based on their antigen-binding domains and the presence or absence of Fc domain. We further review the biology applications of approximately 290 bsAbs currently in preclinical and clinical development, with the attempt to illustrate the principle of selecting a bispecific format to meet biology needs and selecting a bispecific molecule as a clinical development candidate by 6 critical criteria. Given the novel mechanisms of many bsAbs, the potential unknown safety risk and risk/benefit should be evaluated carefully during preclinical and clinical development stages. Nevertheless we are optimistic that next decade will witness clinical success of bsAbs or multispecific antibodies employing some novel mechanisms of action and deliver the promise as next wave of antibody-based therapeutics.