bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Tissue Culture Banana Plantlets for the Design of Planting Mechanism
Authors: Prasad B. Hari , Sivakumar S. S. , Gunasekar J. John , Surendrakumar A. , Albert V. Alex 
Published: October 2020

Aims: To design a mechanical transplanting mechanism for tissue culture banana plantlets, physical and mechanical properties such as mass, height of plantlet, pseudostem height from tray to first leaf, pseudostem diameter between root plug and first leaf, root plug dimension, moisture content of root plug, pulling force and compression resistance are needed.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, AEC&RI, Kumulur, Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, AEC&RI, Coimbatore and Post-Harvest Technology Centre, Coimbatore between August 2019 to December 2019.
Methodology: For three local varieties used by the farmers to culivate tissue culture banana namely ‘Grand Naine-G9’ (AAA), ‘Red Banana’ (AAA) and ‘Nendran’ (BAA), physical and mechanical properties were studied.
Results: ‘G9’, ‘Red Banana’ and ‘Nendran’ were 120.5±12.3, 117.2± 9.0 and 113.5±9.0 g mass and 379.3±21.72, 360±26.23, 467.6±13.06 mm height, pseudostem diameter near root plug was observed as 10.7 ± 1.0, 10.2 ± 0.8 and 10.9 ± 1.4 mm respectively. The height of pseudostem till the first leaf was minimum for ‘Red’ variety (37.1±4.3 mm), maximum for ‘Nendran’ (102.1±2.3 mm). The pulling force for three varieties were observed as 4.96±2, 4.97±1.1 and 5.05±1.6 N with little difference in-between them. The minimum compressive resistance offered by the three varieties are 47.16 ± 3.08, 46.42 ± 5.43 and 38.55 ± 1.86 N near the base and 44.07 ± 2.55, 37.89 ± 6.6 and 32.36 ± 1.58 N at 25 mm above root plug for ‘G9’, ‘Red’ and ‘Nendran’ respectively.
Conclusion: The maximum plantlet weight was observed as 132.8 mm for ‘G9’ variety and plantlet height as 480 mm for ‘Nendran’ variety. The minimum height of pseudostem till the first leaf was 31 mm for ‘Red’ variety and picking gripper height should be less than 30 mm. The minimum pulling force should be 7 N to remove the plantlet from the pro-tray and force applied by the gripper to hold the plantlet on pseudostem shouldn’t exceed 30 N.
Tackling the cancer burden: the economic impact of primary prevention policies
Authors: Cheatley Jane , Aldea Alexandra , Lerouge Aliénor , Devaux Marion , Vuik Sabine , Cecchini Michele 
Published: October 2020

Cancer is a noncommunicable disease (NCD) with increasing incidence and therefore constitutes a major public health issue. To reduce the health and economic burden of cancer, policy‐makers across the world have implemented a range of preventative interventions targeting risk factors with a known link to the disease. In this article, we examine the impact of six primary prevention interventions – related to physical inactivity, unhealthy diet or harmful alcohol use – on cancer‐related health outcomes and healthcare expenditure. Here, we used the OECD Strategic Public Health Planning for NCDs (SPHeP‐NCDs) model to quantify outcomes and costs for each intervention for years 2020–2050 across 37 countries. Results from the model indicate that all interventions could lead to a reduction in the number of new cancer cases, in particular those targeting harmful alcohol consumption. Introducing an alcohol tax, for instance, is estimated to reduce related cancer cases by 5619 a year or 174 193 by 2050. A breakdown of results by type of cancer revealed interventions had the largest impact on colorectal cancer with, on average, 41 140 cases avoided per intervention by 2050. In proportional terms, interventions had the greatest impact on new oesophageal and liver cancers. Findings from this article are designed to assist decision‐makers efficiently allocate limited resources to meet public health objectives.
Nanoscale Mapping of Photo‐Induced Charge Carriers Generated at Interfaces of a Donor/Acceptor 2D‐Assembly by Light‐Assisted‐Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Authors: Lombana Andrés , Battaglini Nicolas , Zrig Samia , Lagoute Jérôme , Chevillot‐Biraud Alexandre , Lang Philippe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCharge transfers between donor (D) and acceptor (A) species at their excited state in a light‐assisted STM setup (LA‐STM) are investigated. Through an all‐solution process, supramolecular architectures deposited on the Au(111) surface and made of 2D islands of PC71BM (electron acceptor) on top of a single layer of the polymer PTB7 (electron donor) are elaborated. The STM junction under modulated laser irradiation exhibits a strong background of photothermal signal attributed both to vertical and lateral expansion of the tip. However, from the analysis of differential images obtained at opposite voltages, additional photocurrent peaks located at the PTB7/PC71BM interfaces are detected, providing evidence for active charge transfer between D/A species at their excited state. This phenomenon is discussed in the framework of a charge transport model at interfaces in organic electronics systems.
Feral rye control in quizalofop‐resistant wheat in central Great Plains
Authors: Kumar Vipan , Liu Rui , Manuchehri Misha R. , Westra Eric P. , Gaines Todd A. , Shelton Chad W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFeral rye (Secale cereale L.) is one of the most troublesome winter annual grass weed species in semi‐arid winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production systems across the central Great Plains (CGP). Lack of effective herbicide options further complicates the selective control of feral rye in winter wheat. The main objectives of this research were: (a) determine the sensitivity response of 10 feral rye populations collected from Kansas wheat fields to quizalofop‐p‐ethyl in a dose‐response assay, and (b) to determine the effectiveness of various rates and application timings (fall or spring) of quizalofop‐p‐ethyl for feral rye control in quizalofop‐resistant winter wheat in the CGP. Dose‐response assays indicated that all tested feral rye populations were highly sensitive to quizalofop‐p‐ethyl with GR90 values (doses of quizalofop‐p‐ethyl needed for 90% reductions in shoot biomass at 3 wk after treatment) ranging from 33 to 72 g a.i. ha−1. A field study conducted in Colorado, Kansas, and Oklahoma for a total of 5 site‐years indicated that quizalofop‐p‐ethyl applied at ≥77 g a.i. ha−1 in the fall or spring provided season‐long feral rye control at 92–100% in quizalofop‐resistant winter wheat. Irrespective of tested rates and application timings, a quizalofop‐p‐ethyl treatment protected winter wheat yield loss of 17–27% due to reduced feral rye competition compared to the nontreated weedy check in Colorado and Oklahoma. Results suggested that quizalofop‐p‐ethyl at labelled use rates (77–92 g a.i. ha−1) applied in fall or spring can provide effective feral rye control in quizalofop‐resistant winter wheat.
A novel adaptive sampling based methodology for feasible region identification of compute intensive models using artificial neural network
Authors: Metta Nirupaplava , Ramachandran Rohit , Ierapetritou Marianthi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIdentification of feasible region of operations in multivariate processes is a problem of interest in several fields. This is particularly challenging when the process model is black‐box in nature and/or is computationally expensive, as analytical solutions are not available and the number of possible model evaluations is limited. An efficient methodology is required to identify samples where the model is evaluated for developing a computationally efficient surrogate model. In this work, an artificial neural network based surrogate model is proposed which is integrated with a statistical‐based approach (Jack‐knifing) to estimate the variance of the surrogate model prediction. This allows implementation of an adaptive sampling approach where new samples are identified close to the feasible region boundary or in regions of high prediction uncertainty. The proposed approach performs better than a previously published kriging based method for different dimensionality case studies.
Field methods and strategies for assessing female reproductive functioning
Authors: Vitzthum Virginia J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA detailed understanding of female reproductive functioning is important to many disciplines including anthropology, evolutionary theory, demography, psychology, and biomedicine. In this article, I describe strategies and methods that have been used successfully in community‐based studies of human reproduction, many in remote locales, to produce high quality biomarker data. These techniques are applicable to a wide range of research questions and populations, and to persons from adolescence through senescence. I give particular attention to the inherent challenges imposed by the cyclical and somewhat unpredictable nature of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐ovarian axis including the necessity and difficulty of ascertaining the timing and occurrence of ovulation, the limits of different sampling regimes for capturing fluctuations in reproductive hormones, and the critical importance of recognizing and, when possible, reducing selection bias. I discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of collecting saliva, urine, and dried blood spots, and describe some of the subtleties involved in collecting contamination‐free samples. Once samples are collected, they must be stored in a manner that minimizes degradation; I describe techniques to keep samples cold even without access to electricity or dry ice. I also discuss various issues that should be considered during initial discussions with a laboratory and when samples are assayed by the laboratory. I include examples of techniques that have worked well in actual field studies, and examples of flawed analytical approaches that should be avoided. With these and other tools, even under technology‐sparse conditions, researchers can investigate variability in human physiology across the breadth of human habitats.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Propargylic Substitution of Propargylic Alcohol Derivatives Bearing an Internal Alkyne Group
Authors: Tsuji Hiroaki , Kawatsura Motoi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe development of the transition‐metal‐catalyzed propargylic substitution of propargylic alcohol derivatives is one of the active research subjects in organic synthesis. In this minireview, we summarize the catalytic propargylic substitution of propargylic alcohol derivatives bearing an internal alkyne group using a transition metal as the catalyst. Although the asymmetric propargylic substitution of the substrate class still underdeveloped, some transition metal catalyses using nickel, palladium, and copper, and the cooperative catalysis enabled the challenging transformation. A various types of transition‐metal catalysts are known to promote the non‐asymmetric propargylic substitution of the internal alkyne‐substituted propargylic alcohol derivatives via a propargylic cation intermediate, realizing the carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bond formation at the propargylic position.
Preparation of Complexes Bearing N‐Alkylated, Anionic or Protic CAACs Through Oxidative Addition of 2‐Halogenoindole Derivatives
Authors: Termühlen Sebastian , Blumenberg Jonas , Hepp Alexander , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Hahn F. Ekkehardt 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCAAC precursors 2‐chloro‐3,3‐dimethylindole 1 and 2‐chloro‐1‐ethyl‐3,3‐dimethylindolium tetrafluoroborate 2BF4 have been prepared and oxidatively added to [M(PPh3)4] (M=Pd, Pt). Salt 2BF4 reacts with [Pd(PPh3)4] in toluene at 25 °C over 4 days to yield complex cis‐[3]BF4 featuring an N‐ethyl substituted CAAC, two cis‐arranged phosphines and a chloro ligand. Compound trans‐[3]BF4 was obtained from the same reaction at 80 °C over 1 day. Salt 2BF4 reacts with [Pt(PPh3)4] to give cis‐[4]BF4. The neutral indole derivative 1 adds oxidatively to [Pt(PPh3)4] to give trans‐[5] featuring a CAAC ligand with an unsubstituted ring‐nitrogen atom. This nitrogen atom has been protonated with py⋅HBF4 to give trans‐[6]BF4 bearing a protic CAAC ligand. The PdII complex trans‐[7]BF4 bearing a protic CAAC ligand was obtained in a one‐pot reaction from 1 and [Pd(PPh3)4] in the presence of py⋅HBF4.
Ausgedehnte, benzanellierte Oligo‐BODIPYs: In nur drei Schritten zu einer Serie planarer, bogenförmiger Nahinfrarot‐Farbstoffe
Authors: Patra Atanu , Patalag Lukas J. , Jones Peter G. , Werz Daniel B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWir präsentieren eine einfache Dreistufensynthese, welche anhand eines Oligomerisierungs‐ und anschließenden Oxidationsschrittes zu vollständig konjugierten, benzanellierten Oligo‐BODIPYs führt, ausgehend von üblichen BODIPY‐Vorstufen. FeCl3 dient hierbei als effizientes, bifunktionales Oxidans, um einen mehrstufigen Cyclisierungs‐ und Unsättigungsprozess im Eintopfverfahren anzustoßen. Angewendet auf ethylenverbrückte dimere, trimere und oligomere Spezies überführt dieser Ansatz flexible Ethanoeinheiten in versteifende Benzanellierungen zwischen den unsubstituierten β‐Positionen einzelner BODIPY‐Untereinheiten. Die strukturelle Integrität wurde mittels Röntgenstrukturanalyse verifiziert, und alle Verbindungen wurden einer detaillierten photophysikalischen sowie elektro‐ und computerchemischen Analyse unterzogen. Die Anregungsenergie des dominanten S1‐Zustandes konvergiert schrittweise an ein strukturspezifisches Absorptionslimit, was sich in einer ausgeprägten Rotverschiebung von ca. 500 nm (BODIPY‐Monomer) bis hin zu 955 nm (Oktamer) mit Extinktionskoeffizienten von ca. 500 000 m−1 cm−1 widerspiegelt.
A Dinuclear Persulfide‐Bridged Ruthenium Compound is a Hypoxia‐Selective Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Donor
Authors: Woods Joshua J. , Wilson Justin J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous molecule that has received attention for its role in biological processes and therapeutic potential in diseases, such as ischemic reperfusion injury. Despite its clinical relevance, delivery of H2S to biological systems is hampered by its toxicity at high concentrations. Herein, we report the first metal‐based H2S donor that delivers this gas selectively to hypoxic cells. We further show that H2S release from this compound protects H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts from an in vitro model of ischemic reperfusion injury. These results validate the utility of redox‐activated metal complexes as hypoxia‐selective H2S‐releasing agents for use as tools to study the role of this gaseous molecule in complex biological systems.
A facile approach to prepare cage‐ladder‐structure phosphorus‐containing amino‐functionalized POSS for enhancing flame retardancy of epoxy resins
Authors: Li Shengnan , Zhao Xiaojuan , Zhang Yu , Yang Xin , Yu Ran , Zhang Ying , Deng Kuilin , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe cage‐ladder‐structure phosphorus‐containing amino‐functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquinoxanes (CLNH2‐POSS) have been synthesized through a facile catalyst‐free hydrolytic condensation of 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide‐vinyltrimethoxysilane (DOPO‐VTMS) with 3‐aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (KH540). The successful preparation of CLNH2‐POSS has been proven by the characterization of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐NMR, 29Si‐NMR), matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI‐TOF), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Then flame retardant (FR) epoxy resins (EPs) were prepared by the addition of different content of CLNH2‐POSS into EPs with thermal curing technology. The CLNH2‐POSS showed good solubility in EP matrix. The well‐dispersed CLNH2‐POSS contributed to thermal, mechanical, and FR properties of EP. Dynamic scanning calorimetry nonisothermal curing scans showed that CLNH2‐POSS had accelerating effect on the curing of EP. With the addition of only 3 wt% CLNH2‐POSS (0.30% phosphorus loading), the limiting oxygen index value of the EP composite increased from 25.5 of pure EP to 31.8, and vertical burning (UL‐94) V‐0 ratings was achieved. In addition, the EP composites showed improved thermal and mechanical properties. The investigations on char residue and pyrolysis volatiles of cured EP further revealed that CLNH2‐POSS exerted FR effects in condensed and gas phase simultaneously.
Mechanically strong waterborne poly(urethane‐urea) films and nanocomposite films
Authors: Špírková Milena , Pavličević Jelena , Aguilar Costumbre Yareni , Hodan Jiří , Urbanová Martina , Krejčíková Sabina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA series of transparent waterborne poly(urethane‐urea) (PUU) films and nanocomposite films were prepared using isocyanate excess (5–50 mol% excess relative to the hydroxyl groups) and omitting the common chain‐extension step in the acetone method of the preparation. The surplus isocyanate groups were converted into urea and eventually biuret linkages via the reaction with water during the last phase inversion step. Nanocomposites were prepared by the direct mixing of the PUU nanoparticles in water with aqueous nanosilica or montmorillonite powder followed by slow water evaporation. Variable urea/biuret content is responsible for substantially different tensile properties; the neat organic films show elongation‐at‐break values of 100%–1120%, tensile strength values of 0.07–22.1 MPa, and energy‐to‐break of 0.1–85 mJ × mm−3. All of the materials can be potentially used as soft‐to‐hard topcoats, depending on the specific demands. The most promising materials are films prepared at 30 and particularly 40 mol% isocyanate excess.
Three dimensional polyurethane/ hydroxyapatite bioactive scaffolds: The role of hydroxyapatite on pore generation
Authors: Nasrollah Seyyed Ahmad Seyyed , Najmoddin Najmeh , Mohammadi Mohsen , Fayyaz Abdolali , Nyström Bo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFabrication of a suitable scaffold with highly interconnected and well‐distributed pores for cell proliferation and growth in the field of bone tissue engineering is of high importance. In this study, three‐dimensional porous polyurethane (PU) scaffolds, with 0, 15, 25, and 32 wt% hydroxyapatite (HA), were fabricated. In this regard, HA was incorporated into PU constituents prior to starting in‐situ polymerization of PU. Porosity and density measurement of the scaffolds revealed that higher amount of HA in the scaffolds led to increasing the former and decreasing the latter quantity. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images revealed that by increasing HA content, the pore size showed a descending trend while the number of pores increased. This would be attributed to the type of interactions between HA and PU, and the role of HA in pore formation. Mechanical test revealed that Young's Modulus of the samples was reduced by increasing scaffold porosity caused by the increase of HA content. Bioactivity tests in the simulated body fluid (SBF) showed the ability of scaffolds forming apatite precipitates. MTT assay showed that by increasing HA content, MG63 osteoblast cell viability increased and FESEM images revealed proper attachment of the cells to the scaffold surface.
Genomics, transcriptomics, and peptidomics of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) neuropeptides
Authors: Shi Yan , Li JiangJie , Li LinYu , Lin GanLin , Bilal Amir M. , Smagghe Guy , Liu Tong‐Xian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNeuropeptides control many physiological and behavioral processes, and so they are functionally important classes of cell‐to‐cell signaling molecules. Nowadays, the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is one of the most destructive agricultural pests in the world. In this study, we mined the publicly accessible genome assembly data for S. frugiperda, and the transcriptomic and proteomic data of the larval central nervous system (CNS) for putative neuropeptide‐encoding, and subsequently we used these to anticipate a peptidome for this species. In essence, we could identify 57 orthologs of insect neuropeptides, including Allatotropin, CCHamide, Corazonin, pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide, short neuropeptide F, Trissin, and Natalisin. Interesting features for S. frugiperda were the absence of genes coding for CNMamide, Elevein, and the differential evolution of ancestral neuropeptide genes such as adipokinetic corazonin‐related peptide, adipokinetic hormone, Tachykinin, and Natalisin. In conclusion, our study provides the most complete neuropeptide description for the important pest S. frugiperda as a foundation to study the factors regulating insect growth, reproduction, and behavior. Second, we confirm that a comprehensive multi‐omics analysis is necessary for the identification of neuropeptides. Finally, our data provide a reliable reference for other comparative studies in other insects beyond the supermodel insect of Drosophila melanogaster and the finding of potential candidates as selective for pests versus beneficial insects.
Understanding and addressing pseudoscientific practices in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders: Considerations for applied behavior analysis practitioners
Authors: Capuano Angela M. , Killu Kim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPseudoscientific practices are commonly used and promoted in the field of developmental disabilities. Behavior analysts should anticipate encountering such treatments in practice and understand their ethical obligations with regard to these practices. Thoughts on why pseudoscientific practices are frequently sought are presented for context in understanding this complex issue. This discussion will serve to prepare behavior analysts for how to address situations in which clients may ask behavior analysts to use pseudoscientific practices. Additionally, this discussion covers arguments for the dangers of using pseudoscientific practices, a guide to resources for information on evidence‐based practice and ethics, and ideas on how to handle a situation in which a parent or caregiver asks the behavior analyst to integrate a pseudoscientific approach into the treatment of a child with a neurodevelopmental disorder.
Stoma reversal after intended restorative rectal cancer resection in Denmark: nationwide population-based study
Authors: Jørgensen J B , Erichsen R , Pedersen B G , Laurberg S , Iversen L H 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundData on stoma reversal following restorative rectal resection (RRR) with a diverting stoma are conflicting. This study investigated a Danish population-based cohort of patients undergoing RRR to evaluate factors predictive of stoma reversal during 3 years of follow-up.MethodsPatients from national registries with rectal cancer undergoing RRR or Hartmann's procedure with curative intent between May 2001 and April 2012 were included. Patients with a diverting stoma were followed from the time of primary rectal cancer resection to date of stoma reversal, death, emigration, or end of 3-year follow-up. The cumulative incidence proportion (CIP) of stoma reversal at 1 and 3 years was calculated, treating death as a competing risk. Factors predictive of stoma reversal were explored using Cox regression analysis.ResultsOf 6859 patients included, 35·7, 41·9 and 22·4 per cent respectively had a RRR with a diverting stoma, RRR without a stoma, and Hartmann's procedure with an end-colostomy. In patients with a diverting stoma, the CIP of stoma reversal was 70·3 (95 per cent c.i. 68·4 to 72·1) per cent after 1 year, and 74·3 (72·5 to 76·0) per cent after 3 years. Neoadjuvant treatment (hazard ratio (HR) 0·75, 95 per cent c.i. 0·66 to 0·85), blood loss greater than 300 ml (HR 0·86, 0·76 to 0·97), anastomotic leak (HR 0·41, 0·33 to 0·50), T3 category (HR 0·63, 0·47 to 0·83), T4 category (HR 0·62, 0·42 to 0·90) and UICC stage IV (HR 0·57, 0·41 to 0·80) were possible predictors of delayed stoma reversal.ConclusionIn one-quarter of the patients the diverting stoma had not been reversed 3 years after the intended RRR procedure.