bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physico-Chemical and Sensory Properties of Kelanting Made from High Quality Cassava Flour
Authors: Nurdjanah S , Susilawati  , Nawansih O , Nurbaiti  
Published: June 2020

AbstractKelanting, a traditional snack food, usually made from fresh cassava roots. In this study we tried to modified the kelanting processing by replacing fresh cassava roots with high-quality cassava flour in order to improve the processing method primarily in raw material stocking. Kelanting produced from high-quality cassava flour were subjected to sensory evaluation using attributes included color, aroma, crispiness, taste, and overall acceptance on a 10-point scoring scale. The best kelanting was found in a 210 and 240 min of drying, with the sensory mean scores of 8.15, 7.15, 6.75, 6.8, and 7.7 were obtained correspondingly for crispness, color, aroma, crispiness, taste, and overall acceptance. Scores for these attributes indicated that the kelanting were acceptable. The study showed the suitability of high quality cassava flour for replacing the cassava roots in kelanting processing.
Viability Test and Breeding Growth on Poly-embryos Seeds
Authors: Jasmi  , Ariska N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Seeds are mature ovules. One or more ovaries form in an ovary in a legume, but never more than one seed is formed in an ovary in a monocot. Each ripe seed always consists of at least two parts, namely: (1) Embryo, (2) Seed coat (Seed coat or testa). Embryo formed or derived from fertilized eggs (zygote) by undergoing cell division in the embryo. The seed coat is formed from the integument (one or more) of the ovules. In legumes generally, there are two layers of the seed coat. Every very young and growing seed always consists of three parts, namely: (1) Embryo, (2) seed coat, (3) Endosperm. Endosperm is a storage food storage network that is absorbed by the embryo before or during seed germination and is always present in very young seeds. Poly-embryos is the presence of more than one embryo in one seed, but these embryos do not always mature or mature, remain undeveloped or degenerate. The purpose of this research is to study the germination of one seed that has more than one embryo and to determine the growth of seedlings from poly-embryonic seeds. The results showed that the highest plant growth (plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight of orange seeds) was found in orange seeds that had 1 embryo compared to orange seeds which had 2 and 3 embryos. Seed germination and growth are strongly influenced by the number of food reserves stored in seeds.
Modeling and Optimization of Tensile Strength of Arrowroot Bioplastic Using Response Surface Method
Authors: Hendrawan Y , Putranto A W , Fauziah T R , Argo B D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Biodegradable plastic or bioplastics made from starch or plants is one way to reduce plastic waste that is not environmentally friendly. Optimization of mechanical characteristics in bioplastics needs to be done, one of which are tensile strength and elongation. The purpose of this study is to find the best glycerol and chitosan compositions that produce the most optimal tensile strength and elongation of Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L) bioplastic. The modeling and optimization method uses response surface method (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD). In the CCD, the glycerol composition was 2.4%, 3.9%, and 5.3% (1.5 g, 2.5 g, and 3.5 g of a solution of 62.5 mL, 64.5 mL, and 66.5 mL, respectively), while the composition of chitosan was 1.6%, 3.1%, and 4.5% (1 g, 2 g, and 3 g of a total solution of 62.5 mL, 64.5 mL, and 66.5 mL, respectively) with a total of 13 experimental designs on the CCD. The model results suggested by RSM-CCD are quadratic models. In the optimization results, the optimal solution is the addition of 2.554 g of glycerol and the addition of 2.068 g of chitosan which produces tensile strength of 96.219 MPa and elongation of 11.78% with a desirability value of 0.902. Validation results using three repetitions produce an average tensile strength of 95.82±0.65 MPa and elongation of 11.46±0.52. Under these condition, the error rate value both of responses are still below 5%, so that the model optimization can be accepted. The duration of bioplastic degradation (more than 75%) produced from the optimum value is 12 days.
The Ability of Chunks of Building in the Recovery of Mercury (Hg) Pollution for Water Quality of Agriculture
Authors: Rusnam  , Efrizal  , Azkha N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Waste water is the most frequently found heavy which pose risks to human health and the environment. Various sources of heavy metals including soil erosion, natural weathering of the earth's crust, mining, industrial waste, waste disposal, insect or disease control agents applied to plants, and many others. Remediation on polluted water needs to be done as an effort to reduce the impact of heavy metals on the environment, plant and aquatic biota. This study aims to test the ability of chunks of building to reduce the pollution of mercury (Hg) until it reaches the limit of class-4 of water quality or water quality for agriculture. The treatment involved with three chunks of building as an agent of remediation such as former brick, former concrete and former ceramic. Each chunk of building was treated with three thicknesses of 5 cm, 7.5 cm and 10 cm. Levels of mercury (Hg) that will be tested to be lowered by remediation treatment with three chunks of building is 1 level of concentration and be repeated 3 times with depth of solution of 20 cm was 0.02 mg/L. The results showed that the three chunks of building that were used namely former brick, former concrete and former ceramic could reduce the concentration of mercury (Hg) in achieving the water quality standards for agriculture. Of the three treatments with all three thicknesses, it turns out that treatment with used former bricks with a thickness of 10 cm has the fastest ability to reduce the concentration of mercury (Hg). Based on the interpolation method, it turns out that treatment with used former brick only takes 6.25 weeks to reach below the water quality standard for agriculture. In terms of percentage reduction in mercury (Hg), former brick with a thickness of 10 cm is the best treatment, where in the eighth week reaching 85% or only 15% remaining in the solution. The treatment using used ceramics for all thickness treatments requires a longer time compared to the treatment of used former bricks and used former concrete to achieve the desired agricultural quality standards.
From Smoking-Permitted to Smokefree Prisons: A 3-Year Evaluation of the Changes in Occupational Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke Across a National Prison System
Authors: Demou Evangelia , Dobson Ruaraidh , Sweeting Helen , Brown Ashley , Sidwell Scott , O’Donnell Rachel , Hunt Kate , Semple Sean 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Prisons in Scotland were one of the few workplaces exempt from the 2006 comprehensive smoking ban in indoor public places, excluding the prison workforce from the health benefits of smokefree workplaces. The November 2018 introduction of comprehensive restrictions on smoking in Scottish prisons aimed to protect prison staff and people in custody from the harmful impacts of second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure. This study presents SHS exposure data gathered after smokefree policy implementation and compares these with data gathered during and before policy development.

Methods
Dylos DC1700 monitors were used to measure concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) derived from SHS across Scotland’s 15 prisons. Six days of fixed-site monitoring (09.00 22 May 2019 to 09.00 28 May 2019) were conducted in residential halls in each prison 6 months post-smokefree policy implementation. Prison staff task-based measurements were conducted to assess concentrations of SHS in various locations (e.g. gyms and workshops) and during specific activities (e.g. cell searches, maintenance, and meal service). Utilizing the fixed-site monitoring data, typical daily PM2.5 exposure profiles were constructed for the prison service and time-weighted average (TWA) exposure concentrations were estimated for the typical shift patterns of residential staff pre- and post-smokefree policy implementation. Staff perceptions of changes to SHS exposure were assessed using online surveys.

Results
Analysis of both fixed-site and mobile task-based PM2.5 measurements showed the smokefree policy implementation was successful in reducing SHS exposures across the Scottish prison estate. Measured PM2.5 in residential halls declined markedly; median fixed-site concentrations reduced by more than 91% compared with measures in 2016 before policy announcement. The changes in the TWA concentrations across shifts (over 90% decrease across all shifts) and task-based measurements (89% average decrease for high-exposure tasks) provide evidence that prison staff exposure to SHS has significantly reduced. Following smokefree policy implementation, the majority of staff reported no longer being exposed to SHS at work.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive international study to objectively measure SHS levels before, during, and after implementation of a smokefree policy across a country’s prison system. The findings confirm that such a policy change can be successfully implemented to eliminate occupational exposures to SHS. The results are highly relevant for other jurisdictions considering changes to prison smoking legislation.
Do Depressive Symptoms Shape Blacks’ Perceptions of Stress Over Time?
Authors: Byrd DeAnnah R , Thorpe Roland J , Whitfield Keith E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Previous studies have linked stress to multiple negative mental health outcomes, including depression. This established stress–depression association is typically examined in one direction and cross-sectionally. This study examined the bidirectional relationships between depressive symptoms and changes in perceived stress over time in Blacks.

Research Design and Methods
The present study uses a community-dwelling sample of 450 Black adults, aged 51–96 years old, who participated in the Baltimore Study of Black Aging—Patterns of Cognitive Aging. Perceived stress—measured by the Perceived Stress Scale—and depressive symptoms—measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale—were both assessed at baseline and follow-up 33 months later. Ordinary least squares regression was used to examine 2 bidirectional longitudinal relationships between (1) stress–depression and (2) depression–stress, and whether these associations are modified by age.

Results
Initial analyses testing the typical stress–depression relationship showed an effect in the expected direction, that is stress leading to more depressive symptoms over time, adjusting for model covariates, but the effect was not statistically significant (b = 0.014, p = .642). After accounting for baseline perceived stress level, age, sex, education, and chronic health conditions, depressive symptoms were positively associated with follow-up stress (b = 0.210, p &lt; .000). The depression–stress association further varied by age group such that the impact of baseline depression on changes in perceived stress was greatest in Blacks in their 60s versus those in their 50s (b = 0.267, p = .001), controlling for model covariates.

Discussion and Implications
Contrary to previous work, the results suggest that an individual’s mental health shapes his/her perception of stressful events and this relationship varies by age group. While the typical finding (stress impacting depression) was not significant, the findings reported here highlight the importance of considering the possible bidirectional nature of the relationships between psychosocial measures of stress and mental health in later life among Blacks.
A statutory right to explanation for decisions generated using artificial intelligence
Authors: Gacutan Joshua , Selvadurai Niloufer 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
As artificial intelligence technologies are increasingly deployed by government and commercial entitles to generate automated and semi-automated decisions, the right to an explanation for such decisions has become a critical legal issue. As the internal logic of machine learning algorithms is typically opaque, the absence of a right to explanation can weaken an individual’s ability to challenge such decisions. This article considers the merits of enacting a statutory right to explanation for automated decisions. To this end, this article begins by considering a theoretical justification for a right to explanation, examines consequentialist and deontological approaches to protection and considers the appropriate ambit of such a right, comparing absolute transparency with partial transparency and counterfactual explanations. This article then analyses insights provided by the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation before concluding by recommending an option for reform to protect the legitimate interests of individuals affected by automated decisions.
On the Maximal Rate of Convergence Under the Ricci Flow
Authors: Kotschwar Brett 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe estimate from above the rate at which a solution to the normalized Ricci flow on a closed manifold may converge to a limit soliton. Our main result implies that any solution that converges modulo diffeomorphisms to a soliton faster than any fixed exponential rate must itself be self-similar.
Recommendations for improving national clinical datasets for health equity research
Authors: Block Rebecca G , Puro Jon , Cottrell Erika , Lunn Mitchell R , Dunne M J , Quiñones Ana R , Chung Bowen , Pinnock William , Reid Georgia M , Heintzman John 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHealth and healthcare disparities continue despite clinical, research, and policy efforts. Large clinical datasets may not contain data relevant to healthcare disparities and leveraging these for research may be crucial to improve health equity. The Health Disparities Collaborative Research Group was commissioned by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute to examine the data science needs for quality and complete data and provide recommendations for improving data science around health disparities. The group convened content experts, researchers, clinicians, and patients to produce these recommendations and suggestions for implementation. Our desire was to produce recommendations to improve the usability of healthcare datasets for health equity research. The recommendations are summarized in 3 primary domains: patient voice, accurate variables, and data linkage. The implementation of these recommendations in national datasets has the potential to accelerate health disparities research and promote efforts to reduce health inequities.
Technical Limitations Associated With Molecular Barcoding of Arthropod Bloodmeals Taken From North American Deer Species
Authors: Borland Erin M , Hartman Daniel A , Hopken Matthew W , Piaggio Antoinette J , Kading Rebekah C 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAccurate species-level identification of the source of arthropod bloodmeals is important for deciphering blood feeding patterns of field-collected specimens. Cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial gene sequencing has been used for this purpose; however, species resolution can be difficult to obtain from certain vertebrate genera, including Odocoileus. Sanger sequencing of mitochondrial genes was employed to identify the bloodmeal source of wild-caught mosquitoes trapped in Greeley, Colorado. Initial sequencing of the COI gene of mitochondrial DNA in bloodmeals was inadequate for species-level resolution of bloodmeals from deer in the genus Odocoileus, with current databases returning low fidelity matches to multiple genera. The use of the hypervariable D loop of the control region provided species-level identification of white-tailed deer (Order: Artiodactyla, Family: Cervidae, Odocoileus virginianus); however, taxonomic identification was successful only to genus for mule (O. hemionus hemionus) and black-tailed deer (O. hemionus columbianus). We advocate the use of multiple loci for bloodmeal analysis and the buildout of available databases to include multiple mitochondrial reference genes for reliable host species identification.
A global review of joint operating agreement disputes
Authors: Martin Tim , Gilbert John , Gusy Martin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article identifies and analyses disputes that frequently arise from Joint Operating Agreements (JOAs) in the upstream oil and gas (O&G) business from around the globe. The topics discussed in this article are:    • a brief introduction to JOAs, their use in the O&G industry, and their key principles and provisions   • the development and use of model JOAs and Accounting Procedures;   • customary industry practice regarding JOAs   • O&G law regarding JOAs;   • a review of reported court judgments and international arbitral awards that dealt with JOA disputes; and   • an analysis of the trends in JOA disputes and lessons that can be drawn from those sources.
Coevolution in Hybrid Genomes: Nuclear-Encoded Rubisco Small Subunits and Their Plastid-Targeting Translocons Accompanying Sequential Allopolyploidy Events inTriticum
Authors: Li Changping , Wang Xiaofei , Xiao Yaxian , Sun Xuhan , Wang Jinbin , Yang Xuan , Sun Yuchen , Sha Yan , Lv Ruili , Yu Yanan , Ding Baoxu , Zhang Zhibin , Li Ning , Wang Tianya , Wendel Jonathan F , Liu Bao , Gong Lei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Triticum/Aegilops complex includes hybrid species resulting from homoploid hybrid speciation and allopolyploid speciation. Sequential allotetra- and allohexaploidy events presumably result in two challenges for the hybrids, which involve 1) cytonuclear stoichiometric disruptions caused by combining two diverged nuclear genomes with the maternal inheritance of the cytoplasmic organellar donor; and 2) incompatibility of chimeric protein complexes with diverged subunits from nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes. Here, we describe coevolution of nuclear rbcS genes encoding the small subunits of Rubisco (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) and nuclear genes encoding plastid translocons, which mediate recognition and translocation of nuclear-encoded proteins into plastids, in allopolyploid wheat species. We demonstrate that intergenomic paternal-to-maternal gene conversion specifically occurred in the genic region of the homoeologous rbcS3 gene from the D-genome progenitor of wheat (abbreviated as rbcS3D) such that it encodes a maternal-like or B-subgenome-like SSU3D transit peptide in allohexaploid wheat but not in allotetraploid wheat. Divergent and limited interaction between SSU3D and the D-subgenomic TOC90D translocon subunit is implicated to underpin SSU3D targeting into the chloroplast of hexaploid wheat. This implicates early selection favoring individuals harboring optimal maternal-like organellar SSU3D targeting in hexaploid wheat. These data represent a novel dimension of cytonuclear evolution mediated by organellar targeting and transportation of nuclear proteins.
Adaptation of the in vitro micronucleus assay for genotoxicity testing using 3D liver models supporting longer-term exposure durations
Authors: Conway Gillian E , Shah Ume-Kulsoom , Llewellyn Samantha , Cervena Tereza , Evans Stephen J , Al Ali Abdullah S , Jenkins Gareth J , Clift Martin J D , Doak Shareen H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Following advancements in the field of genotoxicology, it has become widely accepted that 3D models are not only more physiologically relevant but also have the capacity to elucidate more complex biological processes that standard 2D monocultures are unable to. Whilst 3D liver models have been developed to evaluate the short-term genotoxicity of chemicals, the aim of this study was to develop a 3D model that could be used with the regulatory accepted in vitro micronucleus (MN) following low-dose, longer-term (5 days) exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). A comparison study was carried out between advanced models generated from two commonly used liver cell lines, namely HepaRG and HepG2, in spheroid format. While both spheroid systems displayed good liver functionality and viability over 14 days, the HepaRG spheroids lacked the capacity to actively proliferate and, therefore, were considered unsuitable for use with the MN assay. This study further demonstrated the efficacy of the in vitro 3D HepG2 model to be used for short-term (24 h) exposures to genotoxic chemicals, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and methyl-methanesulfonate (MMS). The 3D HepG2 liver spheroids were shown to be more sensitive to DNA damage induced by AFB1 and MMS when compared to the HepG2 2D monoculture. This 3D model was further developed to allow for longer-term (5 day) ENM exposure. Four days after seeding, HepG2 spheroids were exposed to Zinc Oxide ENM (0–2 µg/ml) for 5 days and assessed using both the cytokinesis-block MN (CBMN) version of the MN assay and the mononuclear MN assay. Following a 5-day exposure, differences in MN frequency were observed between the CBMN and mononuclear MN assay, demonstrating that DNA damage induced within the first few cell cycles is distributed across the mononucleated cell population. Together, this study demonstrates the necessity to adapt the MN assay accordingly, to allow for the accurate assessment of genotoxicity following longer-term, low-dose ENM exposure.
A new phylogenetic protocol: dealing with model misspecification and confirmation bias in molecular phylogenetics
Authors: Jermiin Lars S , Catullo Renee A , Holland Barbara R 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMolecular phylogenetics plays a key role in comparative genomics and has increasingly significant impacts on science, industry, government, public health and society. In this paper, we posit that the current phylogenetic protocol is missing two critical steps, and that their absence allows model misspecification and confirmation bias to unduly influence phylogenetic estimates. Based on the potential offered by well-established but under-used procedures, such as assessment of phylogenetic assumptions and tests of goodness of fit, we introduce a new phylogenetic protocol that will reduce confirmation bias and increase the accuracy of phylogenetic estimates.