bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF TWO AUGMENTERS ON THE SENSITIVITY OF VERTEBRAL BIOMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR IN VERTEBROPLASTY
Authors: YUEWAN SUN , DONGMEI WANG , JINGCHUAN SUN , ANMIN LIU , JIANGANG SHI 
Published: May 2020

The treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFS) by transvertebral bone graft and augmentation (TBGA) has achieved satisfactory clinical results, but its biomechanical effects are not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical effects of TBGA and compare the biomechanical sensitivity of the augmenter used in TBGA — a cylindrical enhancement device (CED) with bone cement. The finite element (FE) model of healthy segments T11-L3 (M1) was built, and two other models with L1 augmentation (M2, M3) were established to simulate CED and bone cement treatment, respectively. The stress and displacement distribution of the three models under five physiological loads were calculated and analyzed by the FE method. Based on the results, the sensitivities of biomechanical parameters to the degree of osteoporosis (DO) and loads were analyzed by linear fitting method using dummy variables. With the increase of DO, the CED is superior to bone cement in preventing the fractures of the augmented vertebral and the adjacent vertebral under the set loading conditions. Simulating TBGA method, the model 2 with L1 reconstructed was closer to the normal T11-L3 model in terms of sensitivity of stress and displacement under different loading conditions.
Approximate Counting CSP Seen from the Other Side
Authors: Bulatov Andrei A. , Živný Stanislav 
Published: May 2020

In this article, we study the complexity of counting Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) of the form #CSP(
C
, -), in which the goal is, given a relational structure
A
from a class
C
of structures and an arbitrary structure
B
, to find the number of homomorphisms from
A
to
B
. Flum and Grohe showed that #CSP(
C
, -) is solvable in polynomial time if
C
has bounded treewidth [FOCS’02]. Building on the work of Grohe [JACM’07] on decision CSPs, Dalmau and Jonsson then showed that if
C
is a recursively enumerable class of relational structures of bounded arity, then, assuming FPT≠ #W[1], there are no other cases of #CSP(
C
, -) solvable exactly in polynomial time (or even fixed-parameter time) [TCS’04].

We show that, assuming FPT ≠ W[1] (under randomised parameterised reductions) and for
C
satisfying certain general conditions, #CSP(
C
,-) is not solvable even
approximately
for
C
of unbounded treewidth; that is, there is no fixed parameter tractable (and thus also not fully polynomial) randomised approximation scheme for #CSP(
C
, -). In particular, our condition generalises the case when
C
is closed undertaking minors.
Metabolic Adaptations to MEK and CDK4/6 Cotargeting in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Teh Jessica L.F. , Purwin Timothy J. , Han Anna , Chua Vivian , Patel Prem , Baqai Usman , Liao Connie , Bechtel Nelisa , Sato Takami , Davies Michael A. , Aguirre-Ghiso Julio , Aplin Andrew E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFrequent GNAQ and GNA11 mutations in uveal melanoma hyperactivate the MEK–ERK signaling pathway, leading to aberrant regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and cell-cycle progression. MEK inhibitors (MEKi) alone show poor efficacy in uveal melanoma, raising the question of whether downstream targets can be vertically inhibited to provide long-term benefit. CDK4/6 selective inhibitors are FDA-approved in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)–positive breast cancer in combination with ER antagonists/aromatase inhibitors. We determined the effects of MEKi plus CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in uveal melanoma. In vitro, palbociclib, a CDK4/6i, enhanced the effects of MEKi via downregulation of cell-cycle proteins. In contrast, in vivo CDK4/6 inhibition alone led to cytostasis and was as effective as MEKi plus CDK4/6i treatment at delaying tumor growth. RNA sequencing revealed upregulation of the oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) pathway in both MEKi-resistant tumors and CDK4/6i-tolerant tumors. Furthermore, oxygen consumption rate was increased following MEKi + CDK4/6i treatment. IACS-010759, an OxPhos inhibitor, decreased uveal melanoma cell survival in combination with MEKi + CDK4/6i. These data highlight adaptive upregulation of OxPhos in response to MEKi + CDK4/6i treatment in uveal melanoma and suggest that suppression of this metabolic state may improve the efficacy of MEKi plus CDK4/6i combinations.
The Indenoisoquinoline LMP517: A Novel Antitumor Agent Targeting both TOP1 and TOP2
Authors: Marzi Laetitia , Sun Yilun , Huang Shar-yin N. , James Amy , Difilippantonio Simone , Pommier Yves 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The camptothecin derivatives topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors, irinotecan and topotecan, are FDA approved for the treatment of colorectal, ovarian, lung and breast cancers. Because of the chemical instability of camptothecins, short plasma half-life, drug efflux by the multidrug-resistance ABC transporters, and the severe diarrhea produced by irinotecan, indenoisoquinoline TOP1 inhibitors (LMP400, LMP776, and LMP744), which overcome these limitations, have been developed and are in clinical development. Further modifications of the indenoisoquinolines led to the fluoroindenoisoquinolines, one of which, LMP517, is the focus of this study. LMP517 showed better antitumor activity than its parent compound LMP744 against H82 (small cell lung cancer) xenografts. Genetic analyses in DT40 cells showed a dual TOP1 and TOP2 signature with selectivity of LMP517 for DNA repair-deficient tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2)- and Ku70-knockout cells. RADAR assays revealed that LMP517, and to a lesser extent LMP744, induce TOP2 cleavage complexes (TOP2cc) in addition to TOP1ccs. Histone γH2AX detection showed that, unlike classical TOP1 inhibitors, LMP517 targets cells independently of their position in the cell cycle. Our study establishes LMP517 as a dual TOP1 and TOP2 inhibitor with therapeutic potential.
Training configuration analysis of a convolutional neural network object tracker for night surveillance application
Authors: Kadim Zulaikha , Asyraf Zulkifley Mohd , Kamari Nor Azwan Mohamed 
Published: May 2020

<span lang="EN-US">Automated surveillance during the night is important as it is the period when crimes usually happened. By providing continuous monitoring, coupled with a real-time alert system, appropriate action can be taken immediately if a crime is detected. However, low lighting conditions during the night can degrade the quality of surveillance videos, where the captured images will have low contrast and less discriminative features. Consequently, these factors contribute to the problem of bad appearance representation of the object of interest in the tracking algorithm. Thus, a convolutional neural network-based object tracker for night surveillance is proposed by exploiting the deep feature strength in representing object features spatially and semantically. The proposed convolutional network consists of six layers that consist of three convolutional neural networks (CNN) and three fully connected (FC) layers. The network will be trained by using a binary classifier approach of objects and its background classes, which is updated on a fixed interval so that it fully encapsulates the changes in object appearance as it moves in the scene. The algorithm has been tested with different sets of training data configurations to find the best optimum ones with regards to VOT2015 evaluation protocols, tested on 14-night surveillance videos. The results show that the configuration of a total of 250 training samples with a sample ratio of 4:1 between positive and negative data delivers the best performance for the sequence length of [1,550]. It can be inferred that more information on the object is required compared to the background, where the background might be homogeneous due to low lighting conditions. In conclusion, this algorithm is suitable to be implemented for night surveillance application.</span>
Plasma Neprilysin Displays No Relevant Association With Neurohumoral Activation in Chronic HFrEF
Authors: Prausmüller Suriya , Arfsten Henrike , Spinka Georg , Freitag Claudia , Bartko Philipp E. , Goliasch Georg , Strunk Guido , Pavo Noemi , Hülsmann Martin 
Published: May 2020

Background

Neprilysin is a transmembrane endopeptidase involved in the breakdown of a variety of vasoactive peptides and serves as a therapeutic target in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (
HF
r
EF
). This study aimed to investigate the relationship of circulating neprilysin with neurohumoral activation and the impact of plasma neprilysin activity on prognosis in
HF
r
EF
.

Methods and Results

A total of 369 chronic
HF
r
EF
patients were enrolled prospectively. Plasma neprilysin concentration and activity were determined by a specific
ELISA
and a fluorometric method. The association between plasma neprilysin and heart failure (
HF
) severity, neurohumoral activation, ie norepinephrine and absolute renin concentration, as well as all‐cause mortality was assessed. Median plasma neprilysin concentrations and activity levels were 413 pg/mL (interquartile range 0–4111) and 2.36 nmol/mL per minute (interquartile range 1.16–4.59). No correlation could be shown between plasma neprilysin concentrations and activity (
r
s
=0.09,
P
=0.088). Plasma neprilysin activity correlated with
HF
severity reflected by New York Heart Association stage (
P
=0.003) and tertiles of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (
P
<0.001), whereas neprilysin concentrations did not (
P
=0.220;
P
=0.849). There was no relevant relationship between plasma neprilysin concentrations and activity, with neurohumoral activation reflected by absolute renin concentration (
r
s
=−0.02,
P
=0.648;
r
s
=0.03,
P
=0.574) or norepinephrine levels (
r
s
=−0.06,
P
=0.248;
r
s
=0.20,
P
<0.001). Neither circulating neprilysin concentrations nor activity were associated with outcome.

Conclusions

Plasma neprilysin concentrations and activity are not directly related to neurohumoral activation, indicating that neprilysin regulation is either more complex or not correctly mirrored by circulating neprilysin as a biomarker. Circulating neprilysin concentrations and activity were not associated with overall survival, implicating limited prognostic value of plasma neprilysin measurements in
HF
r
EF
patients.
Linked Sources of Neural Noise Contribute to Age-related Cognitive Decline
Authors: Tran Tam T. , Rolle Camarin E. , Gazzaley Adam , Voytek Bradley 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with a multitude of structural changes in the brain. These physical age-related changes are accompanied by increased variability in neural activity of all kinds, and this increased variability, collectively referred to as “neural noise,” is argued to contribute to age-related cognitive decline. In this study, we examine the relationship between two particular types of neural noise in aging. We recorded scalp EEG from younger (20–30 years old) and older (60–70 years old) adults performing a spatial visual discrimination task. First, we used the 1/f-like exponent of the EEG power spectrum, a putative marker of neural noise, to assess baseline shifts toward a noisier state in aging. Next, we examined age-related decreases in the trial-by-trial consistency of visual stimulus processing. Finally, we examined to what extent these two age-related noise markers are related, hypothesizing that greater baseline noise would increase the variability of stimulus-evoked responses. We found that visual cortical baseline noise was higher in older adults, and the consistency of older adults' oscillatory alpha (8–12 Hz) phase responses to visual targets was also lower than that of younger adults. Crucially, older adults with the highest levels of baseline noise also had the least consistent alpha phase responses, whereas younger adults with more consistent phase responses achieved better behavioral performance. These results establish a link between tonic neural noise and stimulus-associated neural variability in aging. Moreover, they suggest that tonic age-related increases in baseline noise might diminish sensory processing and, as a result, subsequent cognitive performance.
Transition of the Hurricane Boundary Layer during the Landfall of Hurricane Irene (2011)
Authors: Alford A. Addison , Zhang Jun A. , Biggerstaff Michael I. , Dodge Peter , Marks Frank D. , Bodine David J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe hurricane boundary layer (HBL) has been observed in great detail through aircraft investigations of tropical cyclones over the open ocean, but the coastal transition of the HBL has been less frequently observed. During the landfall of Hurricane Irene (2011), research and operational aircraft over water sampled the open-ocean HBL simultaneously with ground-based research and operational Doppler radars onshore. The location of the radars afforded 13 h of dual-Doppler analysis over the coastal region. Thus, the HBL from the coastal waterways, through the coastal transition, and onshore was observed in great detail for the first time. Three regimes of HBL structure were found. The outer bands were characterized by temporal perturbations of the HBL structure with attendant low-level wind maxima in the vicinity of rainbands. The inner core, in contrast, did not produce such perturbations, but did see a reduction of the height of the maximum wind and a more jet-like HBL wind profile. In the eyewall, a tangential wind maximum was observed within the HBL over water as in past studies and above the HBL onshore. However, the transition of the tangential wind maximum through the coastal transition showed that the maximum continued to reside in the HBL through 5 km inland, which has not been observed previously. It is shown that the adjustment of the HBL to the coastal surface roughness discontinuity does not immediately mix out the residual high-momentum jet aloft. Thus, communities closest to the coast are likely to experience the strongest winds onshore prior to the complete adjustment of the HBL.
Forecast Errors and Uncertainties in Atmospheric Rivers
Authors: Lavers David A. , Ingleby N. Bruce , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Richardson David S. , Ralph F. Martin , Doyle James D. , Reynolds Carolyn A. , Torn Ryan D. , Rodwell Mark J. , Tallapragada Vijay , Pappenberger Florian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA key aim of observational campaigns is to sample atmosphere–ocean phenomena to improve understanding of these phenomena, and in turn, numerical weather prediction. In early 2018 and 2019, the Atmospheric River Reconnaissance (AR Recon) campaign released dropsondes and radiosondes into atmospheric rivers (ARs) over the northeast Pacific Ocean to collect unique observations of temperature, winds, and moisture in ARs. These narrow regions of water vapor transport in the atmosphere—like rivers in the sky—can be associated with extreme precipitation and flooding events in the midlatitudes. This study uses the dropsonde observations collected during the AR Recon campaign and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) to evaluate forecasts of ARs. Results show that ECMWF IFS forecasts 1) were colder than observations by up to 0.6 K throughout the troposphere; 2) have a dry bias in the lower troposphere, which along with weaker winds below 950 hPa, resulted in weaker horizontal water vapor fluxes in the 950–1000-hPa layer; and 3) exhibit an underdispersiveness in the water vapor flux that largely arises from model representativeness errors associated with dropsondes. Four U.S. West Coast radiosonde sites confirm the IFS cold bias throughout winter. These issues are likely to affect the model’s hydrological cycle and hence precipitation forecasts.
Does Globalization Influence Inbound Tourism? Evidence from a Dynamic Panel Threshold Analysis
Authors: Chiu Yi-Bin , Zhang Wenwen , Ding Kaixin 
Published: May 2020

This study explores the nonlinear impact of globalization on inbound tourism over the period 1995–2014 for 53 countries. The results reveal a nonlinear relationship between globalization and inbound tourism, suggesting that different levels of globalization for countries have varied impacts on inbound tourism development. More globalized countries are able to draw more inbound tourists, but this does not enhance their international tourism receipts (percentage of GDP) and net tourism service exports under a higher level of globalization, indicating that globalization does not necessarily benefit inbound tourism development. JEL classifications C23, C26, F60, L83, Z32
Revision Septorhinoplasty: An Illustrative Case Report
Authors: Saadoun Rakan , Veit Johannes Adrian 
Published: May 2020

Background: Rhinoplasty is one of the most popular procedures in facial plastic surgery. It is a technically demanding surgery with a long learning curve. The outcome may be very beneficial to the function of the nasal breathing as well as the patient’s social life but harbors many pitfalls and sequelae from minor to devastating. This grants a high demand on the knowledge of the nose’s anatomy and the implication of each conducted maneuver or grafting during the surgery both short and long term. Methods and Results: In the presented case report, we demonstrate the sequelae of a secondary rhinoplasty case, analyze the outcomes, present the revision surgery in detail, and show the follow-ups. Most negative outcomes of primary rhinoplasty may be led back to the particular techniques applied. Leading causes of revision surgery include loss of tip projection, inverted-V-deformity, axis deviation, dorsal irregularities, internal and external nasal valve collapse, damage to the soft tissue envelope, and many more. Conclusions: We believe that through such an illustrative case discussion, we may enhance the skills and critical appraisal of young surgeons in decision-making.
MicroRNA Expression Profiling of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas Arising in Different Sites
Authors: Rock Alexander N. , Fisher Mason D. , Amborski Gwenyth , Allain Dawn C. , Klee Victoria , Peters Sara B. , Kang Stephen , Toland Amanda E. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the microRNA (miRNA) expression profile of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) tumors from aggressive head and neck locations compared with nonaggressive anatomic sites and normal controls.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of miRNA expression.SettingTertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsTissue samples were collected from 3 anatomic regions: aggressive head and neck sites (ie, ears/lip), nonaggressive locations (ie, extremities/trunk), and adjacent normal skin. RNA was isolated from tissue cores of 45 samples (18 aggressive sites, 15 nonaggressive sites, and 12 normal‐adjacent skin). miRNA expression analysis was completed for approximately 800 miRNAs using the NanoString nCounter panel. Five candidate miRNAs were selected for validation. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was performed on the original samples plus 30 additional tissue samples (7 aggressive sites, 14 nonaggressive sites, and 9 normal‐adjacent skin).ResultsFive candidate miRNAs with significant differences in miRNA expression (P < 0 ≤. 001) from discovery samples were selected: miR‐21, miR‐31, let‐7g, miR‐93, and miR‐22. Relative expression for these miRNAs using qRT‐PCR in the new sample set did not reveal any significant differences using 1‐way analysis of variance. When sets were combined, miR‐21 showed increased expression in aggressive tumors relative to nonaggressive tumors (P =. 009), but no others reached statistical significance.ConclusioncSCC behaves more aggressively when originating from specific anatomical subsites of the head and neck. Of 5 miRNAs evaluated, only miR‐21 showed significantly higher expression in tumors from aggressive sites relative to nonaggressive sites. Larger sample sizes are needed to evaluate other miRNAs.
Etiology of Prelingual Hearing Loss in the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Era: A Scoping Review
Authors: Satterfield‐Nash Ashley , Umrigar Ayesha , Lanzieri Tatiana M. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo conduct a scoping review on etiologic investigation of prelingual hearing loss among children <2 years of age in the era of universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS).Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases.Review MethodsWe searched for articles published from January 1, 1998, to February 19, 2020. We reviewed studies that (1) included children identified with either congenital or delayed‐onset hearing loss before 2 years of age among cohorts who had undergone UNHS and (2) investigated ≥1 etiologies of hearing loss. We defined hearing loss as congenital when confirmed after UNHS failure and as delayed onset when diagnosed after ≥1 assessments with normal hearing.ResultsAmong 2069 unique citations, 115 studies met criteria for full‐text assessment, and 20 met our inclusion criteria. Six studies tested children diagnosed with hearing loss for genetic etiology, 9 for congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, and 5 for both. Among 1787 children with congenital hearing loss and etiologic investigation, 933 (52.2%) were tested for genetic mutations and 1021 (57.1%) for congenital CMV infection. The proportion of congenital hearing loss cases attributable to genetic etiology ranged between 7.7% and 83.3% and to congenital CMV infection between 0.0% and 32.0%.ConclusionData are lacking on the identification and etiology of delayed‐onset hearing loss in children <2 years of age in the UNHS era. The proportion of congenital hearing loss cases attributable to genetic etiologies and congenital CMV infection appears to vary widely.
Plasma Ablation vs Other Hot Techniques for Tonsillectomy: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Guo , Xiao Ciyun , Zhou Xu , Liu Feng 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether plasma ablation tonsillectomy is superior to other hot techniques in reducing postoperative morbidity.Data SourcesThe databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were used to search the literature, from inception to January 2, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared plasma ablation tonsillectomy with any other hot techniques were eligible.Review MethodsA modified Cochrane tool was used to assess the risk of bias. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate pooled effects of postoperative pain, and the risk ratio (RR) was used for postoperative bleeding. Subgroup analysis was prespecified to explore the source of heterogeneity. The evidence quality of each outcome was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.ResultsA total of 15 RCTs were included (n = 1293). Comparing with other hot techniques, plasma ablation tonsillectomy may cause less pain on postoperative day 7 (SMD, −0.53; 95% CI, −0.84 to −0.23). However, the magnitude of the difference may be clinically meaningless. There were no significant differences not only in terms of postoperative pain on day 1 and day 3 but also in the incidence of postoperative bleeding, reoperation hemostasis, and return to normal diet and activities between the 2 groups.ConclusionThere is still substantial uncertainty on postoperative pain, bleeding, and recovery. The current evidence is insufficient to demonstrate that plasma ablation is superior to other hot techniques for tonsillectomy.