bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standard renal replacement therapy combined with hemoadsorption in the treatment of critically ill septic patients
Authors: Popescu Mihai , Dima Simona , David Corina , Tudor Andrada , Simionescu Mihai , Tomescu Dana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess clinical and paraclinical effects of hemoadsorption on organ dysfunction, severity scores, and 28‐day survival in septic patients. Fifty‐five septic patients admitted to a general intensive care unit of a university hospital were included in the present study. Each patient underwent three consecutive 24‐hour sessions of renal replacement therapy in combination with hemoadsorption. Clinical and paraclinical variables were measured after the treatment and severity scores were calculated. The use of hemoadsorption was associated with an increase in arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (P = .02), urine output (P = .01), and Glasgow Coma Score (P = .03) and a decrease in white blood cell count (P = .03), C‐reactive protein (P = .01), procalcitonin (P = .01) levels, and platelet count (P = .01). The use of hemoadsorption was associated with an improvement in neurological and renal functions and a decrease in inflammatory markers. Acute respiratory distress syndrome improved significantly based on relevant improvements in one‐third of the patients.
Reconstitution of a mini‐gene cluster combined with ribosome engineering led to effective enhancement of salinomycin production in Streptomyces albus
Authors: Li Dong , Tian Yuqing , Liu Xiang , Wang Wenxi , Li Yue , Tan Huarong , Zhang Jihui 
Published: December 2020

SummarySalinomycin, an FDA‐approved polyketide drug, was recently identified as a promising anti‐tumour and anti‐viral lead compound. It is produced by Streptomyces albus, and the biosynthetic gene cluster (sal) spans over 100 kb. The genetic manipulation of large polyketide gene clusters is challenging, and approaches delivering reliable efficiency and accuracy are desired. Herein, a delicate strategy to enhance salinomycin production was devised and evaluated. We reconstructed a minimized sal gene cluster (mini‐cluster) on pSET152 including key genes responsible for tailoring modification, antibiotic resistance, positive regulation and precursor supply. These genes were overexpressed under the control of constitutive promoter PkasO* or Pneo. The pks operon was not included in the mini‐cluster, but it was upregulated by SalJ activation. After the plasmid pSET152::mini‐cluster was introduced into the wild‐type strain and a chassis host strain obtained by ribosome engineering, salinomycin production was increased to 2.3‐fold and 5.1‐fold compared with that of the wild‐type strain respectively. Intriguingly, mini‐cluster introduction resulted in much higher production than overexpression of the whole sal gene cluster. The findings demonstrated that reconstitution of sal mini‐cluster combined with ribosome engineering is an efficient novel approach and may be extended to other large polyketide biosynthesis.
Comparison of adequacy between transbronchial lung cryobiopsy samples and endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration samples for next‐generation sequencing analysis
Authors: Tone Mari , Inomata Minoru , Awano Nobuyasu , Kuse Naoyuki , Takada Kohei , Minami Jonsu , Muto Yutaka , Fujimoto Kazushi , Kumasaka Toshio , Izumo Takehiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost lung cancer patients present with lesions in both lung fields and lymphadenopathy. Thus, transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) and endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) are commonly performed for diagnosing lung cancer. However, the adequacy of these samples for next‐generation sequencing (NGS) analysis remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the adequacy between TBLC and EBUS‐TBNA samples for NGS analysis.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients whose lung samples were collected via TBLC or EBUS‐TBNA and analyzed using NGS. Out of 46 genes, the number of genes in TBNA and TBLC samples that could not be assessed via NGS analysis was mainly evaluated.ResultsA total of 37 patients were included and classified into two groups (TBLC group, n = 18 and TBNA group, n = 19). The mean number of genes that could not be evaluated via NGS analysis was significantly lower in the TBLC group than in the TBNA group (0.9 vs. 10.3, P = 0.024). The median total area of tumor cells in TBLC samples was significantly greater than that in TBNA samples (6.3 [1.6–4.2] vs. 2.6 [0.2–17.3] mm2, P < 0.01). In the TBNA group, there were two fully inadequate samples for NGS analysis with a high degree of cell crush or low tumor content, while there was no fully inadequate sample in the TBLC group.ConclusionsTBLC is more effective in obtaining adequate samples for NGS analysis than EBUS‐TBNA. TBLC should be performed to obtain adequate samples for NGS analysis in lung cancer patients with target lesions in lung fields, even if they have lymphadenopathy.Key pointsSignificant findings of the study
The mean number of genes that could not be evaluated was significantly lower in TBLC samples than in EBUS‐TBNA samples (0.9 vs. 10.3, P = 0.024). TBLC could obtain adequate samples with a high concentration of uncrushed tumor cells for NGS.
What this study adds
To obtain samples for NGS analysis, the use of TBLC should be aggressively considered in lung‐cancer patients with target lesions located in lung fields, even if they have lymphadenopathy.
Recurrence‐ and progression‐free survival in intermediate‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: the impact of conditional evaluation and subclassification
Authors: Kohada Yuki , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Hsi Ryan S. , Yukihiro Kazuma , Sentani Kazuhiro , Goto Keisuke , Inoue Shogo , Ohara Shinya , Teishima Jun , Kajiwara Mitsuru , Nishisaka Takashi , Yasui Wataru , Black Peter C. , Matsubara Akio 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the change in rates of recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) based on the duration of survival without recurrence or progression among patients with intermediate‐risk (IR) non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and to examine the predictive factors for recurrence at different time points by assessing conditional RFS and PFS.Participants and MethodsA cohort of 602 patients treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumour and histopathologically diagnosed with IR NMIBC was included in this retrospective study.ResultsThe conditional RFS rate at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years improved with increased duration of RFS; however, the conditional PFS rate did not improve over time. Multivariable analyses showed that recurrent tumour, multiple tumours, tumour size (>3 cm), immediate postoperative instillation of chemotherapy, and administration of BCG were independent predictive factors for recurrence at baseline. The predictive ability of these factors disappeared with increasing recurrence‐free survivorship. Subclassification of these patients with IR NMIBC into three groups using clinicopathological factors (recurrent tumour, multiple tumours, tumour size) demonstrated that the high IR group (two factors) had significantly worse RFS than the intermediate (one factor, P < 0.001) and low IR groups (no factor, P = 0.005) at baseline. This subclassification stratified conditional risk of RFS also at 1, 3 and 5 years, which provides the basis for distinct surveillance protocols among patients with IR NMIBC.ConclusionConditional survival analyses of patients with IR NMIBC demonstrate that RFS changes over time, while PFS does not change. These data support distinct surveillance protocols based on the subclassification of IR NMIBC.
What makes an island a suitable refuge for an endemic lizard?
Authors: Escoriza Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo identify and evaluate the environmental properties of the Mediterranean islands that make them a suitable habitat for their endemic lizards. This would represent an important improvement in our knowledge and would assist the conservation of these lizards, which are threatened by both the expansion of mainland species and the increasing intensity of human disturbance on these islands.LocationMediterranean Basin.MethodsI assessed the environmental associations of 50 species of lizard (19 endemic) across 552 Mediterranean islands using outlying mean index analysis. The strength of the species responses was assessed using binomial generalized linear models.ResultsThe presence of endemic species is positively correlated with the distance of the island from the mainland. Island connectivity is also positively correlated with an increased presence of endemic lizards, but not with an increased presence of mainland species (i.e. those with exclusive or mainly continental natural distribution). In addition, island size, temperature and vegetation productivity are positively correlated with the presence of mainland species. Outlying mean index (OMI) analysis showed that the endemic species occupy niche positions that are similar to the average environmental conditions in the archipelago, but frequently without using the entire range of niches. The mainland species usually occur in more peripheral positions in the environmental space, except for some highly expansive species.ConclusionsLizards that are endemic to the Mediterranean islands were found to be present on a large number of islands within an archipelago, but they quickly disappear as the conditions change, largely because of human activity. Large islands act as population reservoirs for mainland species, facilitating secondary colonization of peripheral islets.
Mechanism of action of Imeglimin: A novel therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Hallakou‐Bozec Sophie , Vial Guillaume , Kergoat Micheline , Fouqueray Pascale , Bolze Sébastien , Borel Anne‐Laure , Fontaine Eric , Moller David E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImeglimin is an investigational first‐in‐class novel oral agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Several pivotal phase III trials have been completed with evidence of statistically significant glucose lowering and a generally favourable safety and tolerability profile, including the lack of severe hypoglycaemia. Imeglimin's mechanism of action involves dual effects: (a) amplification of glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and preservation of β‐cell mass; and (b) enhanced insulin action, including the potential for inhibition of hepatic glucose output and improvement in insulin signalling in both liver and skeletal muscle. At a cellular and molecular level, Imeglimin's underlying mechanism may involve correction of mitochondrial dysfunction, a common underlying element of T2D pathogenesis. It has been observed to rebalance respiratory chain activity (partial inhibition of Complex I and correction of deficient Complex III activity), resulting in reduced reactive oxygen species formation (decreasing oxidative stress) and prevention of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening (implicated in preventing cell death). In islets derived from diseased rodents with T2D, Imeglimin also enhances glucose‐stimulated ATP generation and induces the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) via the ‘salvage pathway’. In addition to playing a key role as a mitochondrial co‐factor, NAD+ metabolites may contribute to the increase in GSIS (via enhanced Ca++ mobilization). Imeglimin has also been shown to preserve β‐cell mass in rodents with T2D. Overall, Imeglimin appears to target a key root cause of T2D: defective cellular energy metabolism. This potential mode of action is unique and has been shown to differ from that of other major therapeutic classes, including biguanides, sulphonylureas and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists.
Heterozygosity of murine Crkl does not recapitulate behavioral dimensions of human 22q11.2 hemizygosity
Authors: Yamauchi Takahira , Kang Gina , Hiroi Noboru 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDeletions in 22q11.2 human chromosome are known to be associated with psychiatric disorders, such as intellectual disability, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and anxiety disorders. This copy number variation includes a 3.0 Mb deletion and a nested proximal 1.5 Mb hemizygous deletion in the same region. Evidence indicates that the distal 22q11.2 region outside the nested 1.5 Mb deletion also might be contributory in humans. However, the precise genetic architecture within the distal region responsible for psychiatric disorders remains unclear, and this issue cannot be experimentally evaluated beyond the correlation in humans. As CRKL (CRK‐like Proto‐Oncogene, Adaptor Protein) is one of the genes encoded in the distal 22q11.2 segment and its homozygous deletion causes physical phenotypes of 22q11.2 hemizygous deletion, we tested the hypothesis that its murine homolog Crkl contributes to behavioral phenotypes relevant to psychiatric disorders in mice. Congenic Crkl heterozygosity reduced thigmotaxis, an anxiety‐related behavior, in an inescapable open field, but had no apparent effect on social interaction, spontaneous alternation in a T‐maze, anxiety‐like behavior in an elevated plus maze, or motor activity in an open field. Our data indicate that the heterozygosity of murine Crkl does not recapitulate social deficits, working memory deficits, repetitive behavior traits or hyperactivity of human 22q11.2 hemizygous deletion. Moreover, while 22q11.2 hemizygous deletion is associated with high levels of phobia and anxiety in humans, our data suggest that Crkl heterozygosity rather acts as a protective factor for phobia‐like behavior in an open field.
Perceptions of knowledge, attitude and skills about non‐suicidal self‐injury: A survey of emergency and mental health nurses
Authors: Ngune Irene , Hasking Penelope , McGough Shirley , Wynaden Dianne , Janerka Carrie , Rees Clare 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNon‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is a major public health concern and is also associated with increased risk of suicide. The type of care people with NSSI receive at the hospital impacts their health outcomes. This study explored emergency department (ED) and mental health nurses’ (MHNs) understanding, attitudes, empathy and confidence to work with people presenting with NSSI. ED and MHNs who belonged to either the College of Emergency Nursing Australasia (CENA) or the Australian College of Mental Health Nurses (ACMHN) were invited to complete an online survey through a group email from their college. One hundred and one nurses (56 ED and 45 MHNs) completed the survey. The results revealed that nurses from both groups had an accurate understanding of NSSI and had positive attitudes about patients who self‐injure. However, confidence was higher among MHNs. Greater knowledge of NSSI was correlated with increased confidence, positive attitudes and empathy. For mental health nurses, but not ED nurses, years of clinical practice was associated with nurses’ confidence. In contrast, ED nurses with more than 10 years’ experience were less confident in addressing NSSI than ED nurses with less experience. Issues that affect both ED and MHNs’ knowledge, attitude, empathy and confidence to care for patients who self‐injure are multifactorial. Future education and training should focus on therapeutic interactions with people at risk of repeat NSSI. Further, more research is recommended to explore patients’ perspectives of nurses’ attitudes in care for people who self‐injure.
Electromagnetic wave absorbing properties of Cr2AlB2 powders and the effect of high‐temperature oxidation
Authors: Zhang Haiming , Zhao Biao , Xiang Huimin , Dai Fu‐Zhi , Zhang Zhili , Zhou Yanchun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing properties of Cr2AlB2 powders and those after high‐temperature oxidation were investigated. Coupling of magnetic and dielectric loss enables Cr2AlB2 with good absorption properties. The minimum reflection loss (RL) value is −44.9 dB at 8.5 GHz with a thickness of 2.7 mm, and the optimized effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 4.4 GHz (13.0‐17.4 GHz) with a thickness of 1.6 mm. After oxidation at 750, 900, and 1000°C for 2 h, the minimum RL values, respectively, are −23.9 dB (17.5 GHz, 1.5 mm), −41.4 dB (16.5 GHz, 1.5 mm), and −39.5 dB (8.0 GHz, 3.0 mm); and the corresponding EAB values, respectively, are 3.8 GHz (13.6‐17.4 GHz, 1.7 mm), 4.1 GHz (13.5‐17.6 GHz, 1.6 mm), and 4.4 GHz (13.0‐17.4 GHz, 1.7 mm). With an absorber thickness of 1.5‐4.0 mm, the EAB with a RL value of less than −10 dB can be tuned in a broad‐frequency range 5.0‐18.0 GHz, which basically covers C (4‐8 GHz), X (8‐12 GHz), and Ku (12‐18 GHz) bands. These results demonstrate that Cr2AlB2, as a high‐efficient and oxidation‐resistant absorber, is a promising candidate for microwave absorption applications and can retain good EM wave absorbing properties after high‐temperature oxidation.
Lattice dynamics of yttria: A combined investigation from spectrum measurements and first‐principle calculations
Authors: Wang Chun‐Hai , Shu Wenhua , Qing Yuchang , Luo Fa , Zhu Dongmei , Zhou Wancheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractC‐type Y2O3 ceramics (relative density ~94%) were prepared at 1500 °C for 2 hours with 1% wt. ZnO as sintering aid. The cell parameters of Y2O3 from Rietveld refinements are a = 10.6113(1) Å, V = 1194.8(1) Å3. The vibrational modes / lattice dynamics of Y2O3 were investigated using vibrational spectra (Raman and infrared reflection spectra) and first‐principle (DFT) calculations. Eight of the 22 predicted first‐order Raman modes and 12 of 16 predicted IR modes are observed and reliably assigned. For the observed vibrational modes, an excellent linearity (fexp = 1.023ftheo, R2 = 0.9999) between frequency from calculations (ftheo) and that from measurements (fexp) is observed. Accordingly, the corrected frequency (fcor) of vibrational modes, phonon band structure, and density of phonon states (DOPS) of Y2O3 are presented, in which, the frequency of phonons of Y2O3 is ≤625.2 cm−1 (wavelength ≥16.0 μm) with a gap of 30.6 cm−1 from 486.0 to 516.6 cm−1 (wavelength 20.6 ‐ 19.4 μm) at room temperature. The modes with ftheo ≥292.5 cm−1 (fcor ≥299.2 cm−1) are dominated by the vibrations of O2− (light atom vibrations) and the vibrational modes with ftheo ≤239.0 cm−1 (fcor ≤244.5 cm−1) are dominated by the vibrations of both Y3+ and O2− (co‐vibrations). The three modes Tu(7) at 301.6 cm−1, Tu(10) at 333.7 cm−1, and Tu(12) at 369.7 cm−1 of Y‐O stretch vibrations dominate the phonon dielectric constant and dielectric loss of Y2O3 with more than 85% contributions.
An integrative review of empirical literature on indigenous cognitive impairment and dementia
Authors: Racine Louise , Johnson Letitia , Fowler‐Kerry Susan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo synthesize research findings about Indigenous perspectives on cognitive impairment and dementia.DesignWhittemore and Knafl's updated approach to integrative review and PRISMA guidelines for narrative analysis was followed.Data SourcesA systematic search of the published literature from 2010–June 2020 was undertaken in four databases and complemented by supplementary searches.Review MethodsThirty‐four studies met the research question and inclusion criteria.ResultsFour themes describe the findings. Most of the studies were conducted by non‐Indigenous researchers and may reflect Western perspectives on dementia rather than Indigenous views. A majority of the studies report epidemiological data or the testing of clinical tools.ConclusionThe review indicates a dearth of knowledge about Indigenous perspectives on ageing and understanding of cognitive impairment and dementia. Researchers need to draw on Indigenous traditional knowledge, culture, and traditions through a meaningful engagement with Indigenous communities and Elders to indigenize and decolonize dementia care.ImpactThis integrative review highlights the need for community‐led discussions and community engagement around Indigenous perspectives, needs, and understandings of ageing, cognitive impairment, and dementia care.
Supine blood pressure—A clinically relevant determinant of vascular target organ damage in hypertensive patients
Authors: Nolde Janis M. , Kiuchi Márcio Galindo , Carnagarin Revathy , Frost Shaun , Kannenkeril Dennis , Lugo‐Gavidia Leslie Marisol , Chan Justine , Joyson Anu , Matthews Vance B. , Herat Lakshini Y. , Azzam Omar , Schlaich Markus P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNight‐time blood pressure (BP) is an important predictor of cardiovascular outcomes. Its assessment, however, remains challenging due to limited accessibility to ambulatory BP devices in many settings, costs, and other factors. We hypothesized that BP measured in a supine position during daytime may perform similarly to night‐time BP when modeling their association with vascular hypertension‐mediated organ damage (HMOD). Data from 165 hypertensive patients were used who as part of their routine clinic workup had a series of standardized BP measurements including seated attended office, seated and supine unattended office, and ambulatory BP monitoring. HMOD was determined by assessment of kidney function and pulse wave velocity. Correlation analysis was carried out, and univariate and multivariate models were fitted to assess the extent of shared variance between the BP modalities and their individual and shared contribution to HMOD variables. Of all standard non‐24‐hour systolic BP assessments, supine systolic BP shared the highest degree of variance with systolic night‐time BP. In univariate analysis, both systolic supine and night‐time BP were strong determinants of HMOD variables. In multivariate models, supine BP outperformed night‐time BP as the most significant determinant of HMOD. These findings indicate that supine BP may not only be a clinically useful surrogate for night‐time BP when ambulatory BP monitoring is not available, but also highlights the possibility that unattended supine BP may be more closely related to HMOD than other BP measurement modalities, a proposition that requires further investigations in prospective studies.
Financial Fragility with SAM?
Authors: GREENWALD DANIEL L. , LANDVOIGT TIM , VAN NIEUWERBURGH STIJN 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTShared appreciation mortgages (SAMs) feature mortgage payments that adjust with house prices. They are designed to stave off borrower default by providing payment relief when house prices fall. Some argue that SAMs may help prevent the next foreclosure crisis. However, home owners' gains from payment relief are mortgage lenders' losses. A general equilibrium model in which financial intermediaries channel savings from saver to borrower households shows that indexation of mortgage payments to aggregate house prices increases financial fragility, reduces risk‐sharing, and leads to expensive financial sector bailouts. In contrast, indexation to local house prices reduces financial fragility and improves risk‐sharing.