bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoluminescent Ferroelectric LiNbO3 Crystals Grown from MXenes
Authors: Tu Shaobo , Mizohata Masayuki , Sheng Guan , Liu Lingmei , Ming Fangwang , Xu Chao‐Nan , Tu Dong , Zhang Xixiang , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMXenes have recently been used to grow highly textured potassium niobate ferroelectric crystals. Herein, the versatility of MXenes is further demonstrated by growing ferroelectric and luminescent lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystals from niobium carbide MXene (Nb2CTx). The formation of high‐aspect‐ratio LiNbO3 rhombic crystals is confirmed by extensive structural analysis. The ferroelectricity of MXene‐derived LiNbO3 is verified, using standard ferroelectric and dielectric measurements. In addition, for the first time, Pr3+‐doped LiNbO3 crystals are synthesized with simultaneous visible photoluminescence (PL) from Nb2CTx MXene. This work demonstrates that it is possible, by using the 2D character of MXenes, to fabricate high aspect ratio and well‐oriented photoluminescent ferroelectric crystals for advanced optoelectronic applications.
Excitons and Electron–Hole Liquid State in 2D γ‐Phase Group‐IV Monochalcogenides
Authors: Luo Nannan , Duan Wenhui , Yakobson Boris I. , Zou Xiaolong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDifferent dispersion near the electronic band edge of a semiconductor can have great influence on its transport, thermoelectric, and optical properties. Using first‐principles calculations, it is demonstrated that a new phase of group‐IV monochalcogenides (γ‐MX, M = Ge, Sn; X = S, Se, or Te) can be stabilized in monolayer limit. γ‐MXs are shown to possess a unique band dispersion—that is, camel's back like structure—in the top valence band. The band nesting effect near the camel's back region induces a large excitonic absorbance and significantly different exciton behaviors from other 2D materials. Importantly, the small effective mass and the indirect characteristics of lowest‐energy exciton render it advantageous for the generation of electron–hole liquid state. After careful evaluation of the electron–hole dissociation temperature and the Mott critical density, it is predicted that a high‐temperature exciton gas to electron–hole liquid phase transition can be achieved in these materials with a low excitation power density. The findings open up new opportunities for both the fundamental research on exciton physics and design of excitonic devices based on 2D materials with distinct band dispersion.
Selective, Quantitative, and Multiplexed Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using Aptamer‐Functionalized Monolithic Plasmonic Nanogrids Derived from Cross‐Point Nano‐Welding
Authors: Cho Seunghee H. , Baek Kwang Min , Han Hyeuk Jin , Kim Minjoon , Park Hyungjoon , Jung Yeon Sik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRecent advances in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) have resulted in multiplexing with unprecedented levels of sensitivity and selectivity in trace‐amount detection. However, quantification of multiple trace‐amount molecules with ng‐level accuracy has yet to be demonstrated due to nonuniform distribution of SERS enhancement and random adsorption of molecules at low concentrations. While Raman reporter‐free SERS is favorable for quantification in that the unique fingerprint spectra of molecules enable specific molecular identification, it has yet to be demonstrated due to poor reproducibility and insufficient SERS enhancement. Raman reporter‐free multiplex SERS with highly accurate quantification is successfully realized by versatile aptamer‐functionalized plasmonic Au nanogrids with uniform SERS enhancement. By cross‐point nano‐welding, monolithic Au nanogrids with excellent uniformity and high stability in aqueous media are produced. Raman reporter‐free multiplex detection and highly accurate quantification of concentration and composition is realized at picomolar levels. As a demonstration, Au nanogrids functionalized with bisphenol A‐specific aptamers successfully detect and quantify trace‐amounts of bisphenol A (8.49 ng) from thermal receipt paper. Moreover, principal component analysis is applied to multiplex SERS spectra to establish a ternary composition map, which can potentially serve as a practical reference for future Raman reporter‐free SERS.
Soft, Implantable Bioelectronic Interfaces for Translational Research
Authors: Schiavone Giuseppe , Fallegger Florian , Kang Xiaoyang , Barra Beatrice , Vachicouras Nicolas , Roussinova Evgenia , Furfaro Ivan , Jiguet Sébastien , Seáñez Ismael , Borgognon Simon , Rowald Andreas , Li Qin , Qin Chuan , Bézard Erwan , Bloch Jocelyne , Courtine Grégoire , Capogrosso Marco , Lacour Stéphanie P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe convergence of materials science, electronics, and biology, namely bioelectronic interfaces, leads novel and precise communication with biological tissue, particularly with the nervous system. However, the translation of lab‐based innovation toward clinical use calls for further advances in materials, manufacturing and characterization paradigms, and design rules. Herein, a translational framework engineered to accelerate the deployment of microfabricated interfaces for translational research is proposed and applied to the soft neurotechnology called electronic dura mater, e‐dura. Anatomy, implant function, and surgical procedure guide the system design. A high‐yield, silicone‐on‐silicon wafer process is developed to ensure reproducible characteristics of the electrodes. A biomimetic multimodal platform that replicates surgical insertion in an anatomy‐based model applies physiological movement, emulates therapeutic use of the electrodes, and enables advanced validation and rapid optimization in vitro of the implants. Functionality of scaled e‐dura is confirmed in nonhuman primates, where epidural neuromodulation of the spinal cord activates selective groups of muscles in the upper limbs with unmet precision. Performance stability is controlled over 6 weeks in vivo. The synergistic steps of design, fabrication, and biomimetic in vitro validation and in vivo evaluation in translational animal models are of general applicability and answer needs in multiple bioelectronic designs and medical technologies.
A Mitochondria‐Driven Metabolic Sensing Nanosystem for Oxygen Availability and Energy Blockade of Cancer
Authors: Wan Shuang‐Shuang , Liu Miao‐Deng , Cheng Qian , Cheng Han , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA mitochondrial targeting and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐responsive nanosystem is designed and constructed to interfere with mitochondrial respiration. This triggers metabolic therapy and enhanced photodynamic therapy of malignant tumor via blocking of ATP and the diversion of endogenous oxygen. The nanosystem is synthesized by incorporating the drug resveratrol (RES) into porous coordination polymer PCN‐224 (RES@PCN). After RES@PCN nanoparticles target the tumor site by enhanced penetration and retention (EPR) effects, PCN delivery endows RES@PCN nanoparticles with the ability to target mitochondria. Subsequently, ATP overexpressed in the mitochondria of tumor cell disintegrates the PCN structure by coordination substitution. This also leads to release of entrapped drug RES. As an ATPase inhibitor, RES interferes with the metabolism of the respiratory chain of tumor cell, triggering an ATP‐blocked metabolic therapy. In addition, inhibition of mitochondrial respiration reduces the consumption of endogenous oxygen. The spare oxygen is used as an “oxygen depot” in photodynamic therapy for generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Taken together, the mitochondria‐driven metabolic interference system successfully achieves synergistic photodynamic and metabolic therapy via a respiratory inhibition‐medicated oxygen diversion and an ATP blockade. This strategy has great potential for cancer treatment.
Bioinspired Ultrastrong Nanocomposite Membranes for Salinity Gradient Energy Harvesting from Organic Solutions
Authors: Chen Cheng , Liu Dan , Yang Guoliang , Wang Jiemin , Wang Lifeng , Lei Weiwei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEfforts to extract energy from waste organic solutions can not only support clean environments but also help to alleviate the energy crisis. Here, a bioinspired ultrastrong nanocomposite membrane is developed via the layer‐by‐layer method based on aramid nanofiber‐graphene oxide (AGO) with good mechanical properties for salinity gradient energy harvesting from organic solutions. Benefiting from the 1D and 2D network interlocking arrangement, the AGO membrane shows an unprecedented mechanical stress of 688 MPa and maintains its integrity after soaking in organic solvents for 24 h. Impressively, when LiCl is diluted in methanol, the AGO membrane device with a working area of 113 mm2 produces a current and a measured power generation of 28 ± 11 µA and 3140 ± 960 nW (Cfeed = 2 mol L−1), respectively. Thus, the working area of the AGO membrane for salinity gradient energy harvesting and temperature‐related energy harvesting enables its use in practical applications. In addition, 14 cells with the methanol‐LiCl solution (Cfeed = 1 mol L−1) can produce a voltage up to 1.82 V to light a liquid crystal display. Therefore, this AGO nanocomposite membrane presents a promising avenue to harvest salinity gradient energy from organic solutions.
Enantioselective 1,4‐Reduction of Pyrimidin‐2‐ones to Synthesize Novel 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones Containing an Alkyl‐substituted Stereogenic Center
Authors: Meng Fan‐Jie , Shi Lei , Jiang Wen‐Feng , Lu Xiao‐Bing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn efficient asymmetric 1,4‐reduction of pyrimidin‐2‐ones with a chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed system has been successfully developed, furnishing a series of chiral 3,4‐dihydro‐pyrimidin‐2‐one derivatives in excellent yields and enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). Notably, this methodology enables a novel kind of chiral 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2‐one with an alkyl stereogenic center to be prepared in high optical purity for the first time.
Effects of liraglutide on metabolic syndrome in WBN/Kob diabetic fatty rats supplemented with a high‐fat diet
Authors: Kaji Noriyuki , Takagi Yoshiichi , Matsuda Satomi , Takahashi Anna , Fujio Sakurako , Asai Fumitoshi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundLiraglutide, a GLP‐1 receptor agonist, has recently been used to treat metabolic syndrome (MS) because of its anti‐diabetic and anti‐obesity effects. We have previously shown that Wistar Bonn Kobori diabetic and fatty (WBN/Kob‐Leprfa, WBKDF) rats fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) developed MS including marked obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. To obtain further information on WBKDF‐HFD rats as a severe MS model, we performed a pharmacological investigation into the anti‐MS effects of liraglutide in this model.MethodsSeven‐week‐old male WBKDF‐HFD rats were allocated to three groups (N = 8 in each group): a vehicle group, a low‐dose liraglutide group, and a high‐dose liraglutide group. They received subcutaneous injections of either saline or liraglutide at doses of 75 or 300 μg/kg body weight once daily for 4 weeks.ResultsResults showed that liraglutide treatment reduced body weight gain and food intake in a dose‐dependent manner. The marked hyperglycemia and the glucose tolerance were also significantly ameliorated in the liraglutide‐treated groups. Moreover, liraglutide also reduced the plasma triglyceride concentration and liver fat accumulation.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that liraglutide could significantly alleviate MS in WBKDF‐HFD rats, and the reaction to liraglutide is similar to human patients with MS. WBKDF‐HFD rats are therefore considered to be a useful model for research on severe human MS.
A DOPO‐base Schiff derivative used as a flame retardant for polystyrene
Authors: Sun Yu , Wang Yazhen , Qing Yingbo , Wu Xueying , Shi Zhen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA novel 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO)‐based Schiff base derivative, 6,6′‐(1,4‐phenylenebis (((3‐hydroxyphenyl)amino) methylene)) bis (dibenzo [c,e] [1,2] oxaphosphinine 6‐oxide) (SD), was synthesized and applied to polystyrene. The structure of terephthalaldehyde dihydroxymethane benzene and SD are characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The results of thermogravimetric analysis tests show that the residue of the SD/PS composites increased from 0.21 to 7.09% with the increase of SD content, indicated that the thermal stability of the SD/PS composites was significantly improved. The introduction of SD also efficiently ameliorated the flame‐retardant property of SD/PS composites with limiting oxygen index increased by 33.15%, rated UL‐94 vertical burning test V‐0 rating, lower peak heat release rate, and total heat release. The mechanism of SD/PS composite was explored by scanning electron microscopy images and FTIR spectra of residue of SD/PS composites after calcination by muffle furnace. These tests prove that SD can be used as an effective polystyrene (PS) flame retardant.
Influences of processing conditions on mechanical properties of recycled epoxy‐anhydride vitrimers
Authors: Zhang Biao , Li Honggeng , Yuan Chao , Dunn Martin L. , Qi H. Jerry , Yu Kai , Shi Qian , Ge Qi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe chemically crosslinked network structures make epoxies, the most common thermosets, unable or hard to be recycled, causing environmental problems and economic losses. Epoxy‐based vitrimers, polymer networks deriving from epoxy resins, can be thermally malleable according to bond exchange reactions (BERs), opening the door to recycle epoxy thermosets. Here a series of experiments were carried out to study the effects of processing conditions (such as particle size distributions, temperature, time, and pressure) on recycling of an epoxy‐anhydride vitrimer. Polymer powders from the epoxy‐anhydride vitrimer with different size distributions were prepared and characterized, and the influence of particle size on the mechanical performance of recycled epoxy‐anhydride vitrimers was investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis and uniaxial tensile test. Experimental results demonstrated that finer polymer powders can increase the contacting surfaces of recycled materials and thus result in high quality of recycled materials. In addition, the influences of other treating parameters, such as temperature, time, and pressure, were also discussed in this study. Adjusting these treating parameters can help the design of an optimized reprocessing procedure to meet practical engineering applications.
Missing Links. Indigenous Life and Evolutionary Thought in the History of Russian Ethnography
Authors: Grant Bruce 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe history of Russian social anthropology has long been best known for the work of three, late nineteenth‐century “exile ethnographers,” each sent to the Russian Far East for their anti‐tsarist activities as students. All three men—Vladimir Bogoraz, Vladimir Iokhel'son, and Lev Shternberg—produced voluminous and celebrated works on Russian far eastern indigenous life, but it was the young Shternberg who had perhaps the most profound effect on setting the agenda for the canonic evolutionist line soon to take hold in late Russian imperial and early Soviet ethnography. This essay draws on archival, library, and field research to revisit the life and work of Shternberg in order to tell the story of “group marriage” that he documented for the life of one Sakhalin Island indigenous people, Gilyaks (or Nivkhgu, Nivkhi). Documented in this way by Shternberg, the Nivkh kinship system proved a crucial “missing link” for Friedrich Engels, who had long been eager to provide evidence of primitive communism as man's natural state. For Gilyaks, the die was cast. Their role as the quintessential savages of Engels’ favor made them famous in Russian and Soviet ethnographic literature, and significantly enhanced their importance to Soviet government planners. This essay tracks that episode and its aftermaths as a pivotal moment in the history of Russian social anthropology and of evolutionist thought more broadly.
Pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study of 5‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxycanthin‐6‐one, a typical canthinone alkaloid, in rats using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhao Li , Zhao Ying , Guo Lin , Zhang Lei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract5‐methoxycanthin‐6‐one, a major canthinone alkaloid isolated from Picrasma quassioides, exhibited significant pharmacological activities. In this study, a rapid and sensitive LC–MS/MS method was established and validated for the determination of 5‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxycanthin‐6‐one in rat plasma. Small quantities (20 μL) of plasma sample were used for sample preparation. 5‐Hydroxy‐4‐methoxycanthin‐6‐one and an internal standard (IS, caffeine) were separated using an ACQUITY HSS T3 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm; Waters, Milford, MA, USA). The mobile phase was composed of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. Precursor‐to‐product ion transitions were m/z 267.0 → 168.2 and m/z 195.0 → 138.1 for quantitative monitoring of 5‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxycanthin‐6‐one and IS, respectively. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 0.5–500 ng/mL (r > 0.99) with the lower limit of quantification 0.5 ng/mL. Other parameters, including intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy, carryover, stability, extraction recovery, matrix effect, and dilution effect, were within acceptable limits. The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study in rats after intravenous (5 mg/kg) and oral (10, 25, 50 mg/kg) administration of 5‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxycanthin‐6‐one. The result indicated that 5‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxycanthin‐6‐one was quickly absorbed into the blood and reached the highest concentration at ~33.0–42.0 min, with moderate elimination half‐life (0.85–2.11 h) and low bioavailability (16.62–24.42%) after oral administration. The study provided valuable information that can be used as a reference for studying other canthinone alkaloids.
Synthesis and Analysis of Reactive Dividing‐Wall Distillation for Methylal Production
Authors: Zhou Daowei , Guo Jia , Zhu Yunfei , Zhuo Yayun , Sha Yong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBy means of water as an extractant, the two‐feed and three‐feed reactive distillation production processes of methylal are synthesized and analyzed. The effects of water on the methylal reactive distillation (RD) production is investigated. Thermally coupled two‐feed and three‐feed reactive dividing‐wall columns are proposed and analyzed. The two‐feed and three‐feed RD processes are compared. The three‐feed thermally coupled reactive dividing‐wall column (DWC) exhibits an outstanding ability of energy and cost savings. Results from this work could be helpful for further development and application of RD or reactive DWC in methylal production.
Understanding the Co : Mo Compositional Modulation and Fe‐Interplay in Multicomponent Sulfide Electrocatalysts for Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Mukherji Aniruddha , Bal Rajaram , Srivastava Rajendra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAmidst the escalating urge in the economical generation of clean hydrogen fuel from water, this article presents the development of simple and economical electrocatalysts, Cobalt Molybdenum Sulfides (Co−Mo−S), for oxygen evolution (OER) and hydrogen evolution (HER) reactions. The compositional modulation of Co and Mo produces the highly active catalysts, Co0.75Mo0.25Sx for OER and Co0.40Mo0.60Sx for HER. Moreover, the potentiality of Fe incorporation in CoMoSx is demonstrated in enhancing the OER performance of the catalyst. The best catalyst for OER (Fe0.05Co0.70Mo0.25Sx) achieves a current of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential (η10) of 227 mV (1.457 V vs RHE) while that for HER (Co0.40Mo0.60Sx) requires only 130 mV (−0.13 V vs. RHE) of η10. The holistic enhancement of the OER kinetics is attributed to the facile generation of CoOOH in the co‐existence of Fe at oxidation states≥+3, and Mo at +6 and +5 states. Finally, a complete water electrolyser is demonstrated using Fe0.05Co0.70Mo0.25Sx as the anode and Co0.40Mo0.60Sx as the cathode.
Primary dural lymphomas: Clinical presentation, management, and outcome
Authors: Karschnia Philipp , Batchelor Tracy T. , Jordan Justin T. , Shaw Brian , Winter Sebastian F. , Barbiero Frank J. , Kaulen Leon D. , Thon Niklas , Tonn Joerg‐Christian , Huttner Anita J. , Fulbright Robert K. , Loeffler Jay , Dietrich Jorg , Baehring Joachim M. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundClinical experience is limited for primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma that arises from the dura mater, which is denoted with the term primary dural lymphoma (PDL). This study was aimed at determining the relative incidence, presentation, and outcomes of PDL.MethodsThe institutional databases of the Divisions of Neuro‐Oncology at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the Yale School of Medicine were retrospectively searched for patients with primary CNS lymphoma. Patients with pathologically confirmed dural lymphoma and no evidence of primary cerebral or systemic involvement were identified. Clinical data, diagnostic findings, treatments, and outcomes were recorded.ResultsA total of 20 patients with PDL were identified, and they represented 6.3% of the individuals with primary CNS lymphomas (20 of 316). Histopathological examination of PDL revealed the following underlying subtypes: diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (10 of 20 patients), marginal zone lymphoma (6 of 20), follicular lymphoma (2 of 20), undefined B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (1 of 20), and T‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (1 of 20). On imaging, all tumors appeared as extra‐axial masses with avid contrast enhancement and mostly mimicked meningioma. The median apparent diffusion coefficient value was 667 ± 26 mm2/s. Cerebrospinal fluid analyses and symptoms were nonspecific, and the diagnosis rested on tissue analysis. Therapeutic approaches included surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The median overall survival was not reached after 5 years. Three patients were deceased at database closure because of tumor progression. The extent of tumor resection correlated positively with overall survival (P = .044).ConclusionsPDL is a rare variant of primary CNS lymphoma that can be radiographically mistaken for meningioma. The outcome is excellent with multimodality treatment, and aggressive surgery may convey a survival advantage in select cases.