bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Righting Past Wrongs”: Rhetorical Disidentification and Historical Reference in Response to Philadelphia’s Opioid Epidemic
Authors: Ferrell Ashley P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Opioid addiction and overdose are widely recognized as a contemporary “crisis” across the United States. To address rapidly increasing mortality rates related to this substance use epidemic, the Philadelphia Mayor’s Office announced in January 2018 that it would encourage the development of supervised injection sites or “Comprehensive User Engagement Sites” within city limits. Official communications cited select moments from the region’s past to frame these sites as urgent while constituting a supportive, unified public. Through remediating disidentification, a mode of rhetorical contestation and reformulation, local community members used an alternate historical framing to resist dominant ideology and revise the terms of the related public discourse. By further developing the concept of rhetorical disidentification, this essay demonstrates how the deployment of historical analogy in response to proposed public health interventions can enable the public recognition and potential address of systemic racial inequities.
Documenting Death by Policy: Public Grievability, Migrant Lives, and Commonplace Denials
Authors: Demo Anne 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Documentary mediums have been called upon to refute denials of mass suffering throughout the twentieth century. This essay argues that refutation is a documentary impulse as definitive as the mission to amplify marginalized voices. Moreover, patterns in refuting denials of harm and moral responsibility indicate shifting conditions of public grievability. Comparing over a dozen documentaries about Prevention through Deterrence—a border control strategy nationalized under the Clinton administration—the analysis shows that migrant fatality maps and forensic lab footage not only document death but also refute commonplace denials of migrant human rights.
Epistemic Modality: A Corpus-Based Analysis of Epistemic Markers in EU and Polish Judgments
Authors: Koźbiał Dariusz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to establish the repertoire and distribution of verbal and adverbial exponents of epistemic modality in English- and Polish-language judgments passed by the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) and non-translated judgments passed by the Supreme Court of Poland (SN). The study applies a model for categorizing exponents of epistemicity with regard to their (i) level (high-, medium- and low-level of certainty, necessity or possibility expressed by the markers; primary dimension), (ii) perspective (own vs. reported perspective), (iii) opinion (based either on facts or beliefs) and (iv) time (the embedding of epistemic markers in sentences relating to the past, present or future) (contextual dimensions). It examines the degree of intra-generic convergence of translated EU judgments and non-translated national judgments in terms of the employment of epistemic markers, as well as the degree of authoritativeness of judicial argumentation, and determines whether the frequent use of epistemic markers constitutes a generic feature of judgments. The research material consists of a parallel corpus of English- and Polish-language versions of 200 EU judgments and a corpus of 200 non-translated domestic judgments. The results point to the high salience and differing patterns of use of epistemic markers in both EU and national judgments. The frequent use of high-level epistemic markers boosts the authoritativeness of judicial reasoning.
Heavy metals in the ground waters of Prisamarya Dniprovske
Authors: Kotovych O. V. 
Published: February 2020

In conditions of increasing anthropogenic pressure on the objects of the natural environment, an objective assessment of the hydrochemical state of water bodies is necessary, taking into account background values of heavy metals, the presence of which is associated only with natural factors. Therefore, the aim of our studies was to determine the concentration of heavy metals in groundwater lying in different geological and geomorphological conditions in a territory remote from the large industrial centers – Dnipro and Pavlograd. As a result of the carried out researches it was possible to establish the qualitative and quantitative composition of microelements that are contained in the ground waters of Prisamarya Dniprovske. The most common microelements from those that were determined were zinc, strontium, iron and manganese. In the groundwater of the floodplain of the Samara River the most common are zinc, strontium, iron and manganese. A distinctive feature of the groundwater of the first above-terrace is the presence of a large amount of iron – an average of 2 mg/l3, while this is not observed in the groundwater of the floodplain and steppe areas. This can be attributed to the chemical characteristics of forest litter from needles which has an acidic pH reaction. In turn, with acid reaction, iron passes from the bound state to the free state and, together with the descending streams of water, migrates from the soil to the groundwater. Among the microelements of the second above-the-top terrace, zinc, copper, iron and manganese predominate. Other trace elements from those that were determined are absent, or their number is below the sensitivity limit of the device. With a deep bedding of groundwater (22 m) and their slow water exchange with surface waters among the microelements, zinc, cadmium, copper, nickel, cobalt, iron and manganese predominate. The direction of the migration of microelements in the system soil ↔ groundwater can be determined by calculating the concentration of chemical elements in the soil and groundwater contained. The concentrations obtained for lead, copper, nickel and manganese in the majority of the investigated objects turned out to be less than one, which indicates the predominance of processes of removal of microelements from soil to groundwater. At the same time for groundwaters of the first above-the-top terrace there is accumulation of such microelements as copper and manganese. Here the maximum value of the clark concentration for copper is 18.14, for manganese 14.66. Considering the absence of close proximity to the territory of the research of large industrial facilities and highways with intensive traffic, the indicators obtained by us can be used as background values in complex biogeocenological studies. In addition, the values obtained can be useful for assessing the hydrochemical and toxicological state of natural waters, as well as for the integrated ecohydrological assessment of water bodies in this region.
Strategi Dakwah dalam Merawat Pluralitas di Kalangan Remaja
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad Qadaruddin , Mubarak Dinul Fitrah 
Published: February 2020

Perkembangan pesat teknologi informasi dan komunikasi turut mendukung proses transformasi pengetahuan, ideologi serta paham kegamaan, sehingga remaja dengan mudah mengonsumsi berbagai paham (terutama radikalisme) melalui media sosial. Hadirnya media sosial tidak ada lagi batas ruang antara satu agama dengan agama yang lain, antara satu etnis dengan etnis yang lain, sehingga kehadiran media sosial membawa perubahan terhadap kehidupan remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini yakni mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis strategi dakwah di tengah pluralitas. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga strategi dakwah dalam merawat pluralitas di kalangan remaja: Pertama, Strategi Struktural; Kedua Strategi Kultural; dan Ketiga Strategi New Media. Implikasi dari penelitian ini mubaligh memahami strategi dakwah pada masyarakat plural.The rapid development of information and communication technology also supports the process of transformation of knowledge, ideology, and understanding of religiosity, so adolescents can easily consume various understandings (especially radicalism) through social media. The presence of social media no longer limits the space between one religion with another religion, between one ethnicity and another ethnicity, so the presence of social media brings changes to the lives of adolescents. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the da'wah strategy in plurality. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that there were three da'wah strategies in treating plurality among adolescents: First, Structural Strategies; Second, Cultural Strategies; and Third, New Media Strategy. This research implies that missionaries understand the da'wah strategy in a plural society.
The birds of Fort Fordyce Reserve, Eastern Cape
Authors: Craig Adrian JFK , Hulley Patrick E 
Published: February 2020

The avifauna of this forest reserve has been surveyed, based on observations and mist-netting over a ten-year period. We have recorded 175 species, of which 56 are considered "true" forest birds in this region. These include four summer migrants, and four occasional visitors; the others are likely to be resident. Four species of conservation concern, the Knysna Woodpecker, African Crowned Eagle, Lanner Falcon and Bush Blackcap probably nest within the protected area.
À força de padecer: considerações sobre a dor como experiência ontológica
Authors: Borges-Duarte Irene 
Published: February 2020

A dor e o sofrimento têm tido, ao longo da história, um lugar especial no âmbito da filosofiaprática. Do ponto de vista do cuidado de si, são aquilo que a moral grega procura evitar, com aracionalidade da conduta orientada para a eudaimonia. Do ponto de vista cristão, têm um papelredentor no caminho para vencer o terrenal. Em ambos os casos, são marca e sintoma do que hoje chamamos condição antropológica: sofrer é ser vulnerável à dor e à morte, quer própria quer alheia. Nesse sentido, a vulnerabilidade impregna a existência do ser humano e é susceptível de abordagens positivas e epistemológicas. No entanto, de um ponto de vista fenomenológico, é a experiência da dor, nos seus abismos e ápices, que revela esse modo de ser em que o ente humano se encontra com a sua pele ontológica: com o limite do seu ser, em que soma e psyche se não distinguem. É essa experiência ontológica do limite que vou procurar abordar, num contexto em que a fenomenologia e a psicanálise se tocam, e se diferenciam aspectos existenciais, culturais e cognitivos.
Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Patients with and without Pterygia
Authors: Yaghoobi Ghalam-Hosein , Shokoohi-Rad Saeed , Jafarzadeh Hamid , Abodollahi Elham 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Pterygium is a common fibro-vascular-related eye disease. The fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) helps reduce neovascularization. Previous studies have shown that the serum level of FGF21 correlates with vascular eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. In this study, the serum FGF21 is compared in patients with and without pterygium.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study examines individuals with pterygium who visited the Ophthalmology Clinic of Khatam-al-Anbia Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, during 2017–2018. Control subjects were selected from healthy people without pterygium disease. Patients with a history of acute illness, chronic liver and kidney disease, diabetes, cancer, malnutrition and drug use, women who were pregnant or breastfeeding, and subjects who were taking anticonvulsants or glucocorticoids were excluded as these may affect insulin and glycosuria levels. Sixty people (30 in each group) were chosen using the convenient sampling method. Intravenous blood samples were taken from all patients. After preparing the patients, the freeze was checked using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method after samples had been taken. Data were analyzed by SPSS using an independent t-test, Mann–Whitney, Chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests (α = 0.05).

Results: The serum FGF21 levels were 319.09 ± 246.93 pg/ml and 608.88 ± 449.81 pg/ml (P = 0.005) in the pterygium group and control subjects, respectively. The average serum FGF21 was 281.55 ± 40.74 pg/ml in males and 361.375 ± 10.298 pg/ml in females in the pterygium group. The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.19).

Conclusion: Our study showed that FGF21 levels were lower in patients with pterygium than the control subjects to a statistically significant level.
Lactancia materna no exitosa, percepción de los profesionales de la salud: estudio de casos, IX Región, Chile
Authors: Prieto-Gómez Ruth , Saavedra-Sepúlveda Araceli , Alvear-Aguirre Grettel , Lazo-Millar Lorena , Soto-Acuña Ana 
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: conocer la percepción de los profesionales de salud que trabajan con la madre y el niño en el proceso de la lactancia materna, en casos en que esta no fue exitosa. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo, de alcance exploratorio-descriptivo, enfocado desde la teoría fundamentada. Se solicitó a profesionales de la salud relacionados con la atención de lactancia materna en la IX región de Chile analizar las experiencias de situaciones de lactancia materna no exitosa. Esta información fue sistematizada y agrupada por preguntas, para realizar operaciones de codificación y categorización propias del análisis de contenido manifiesto; asimismo, fue analizada de manera grupal y con resguardo de la identidad. Resultados: se identificaron tres categorías: factores adversos que impidieron la lactancia materna exitosa, tales como: gestación no deseada, edad y ocupación de la madre, cambios en la rutina de amamantamiento, redes de apoyo inefectivas, condiciones físicas y problemas en la técnica de lactancia y, por otro lado, factores protectores ausentes, como: atención de salud integral, existencia de refuerzo positivo y flexibilidad laboral. La tercera categoría fue el impacto emocional en la madre al no poder amamantar, posible de superar mediante la contención familiar y/o apoyo psicológico, generando aceptación de la lactancia materna no exitosa. Conclusiones: los profesionales de la salud identificaron factores que impidieron la lactancia materna, algunos de los cuales son susceptibles de intervenciones. Se destaca la importancia de brindar asesoría, información y empatía a la madre en el periodo de lactancia, así como acompañarla para incrementar la confianza de ella en su habilidad para amamantar a su hijo o hijas.
Tracing the Arguello Submarine Canyon System from Shelf Origins to an Abyssal Sink
Authors: Marsaglia K.M. , Rodriguez B. , Weeraratne D.S. , Greene H.G. , Shintaku N. , Kohler M.D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Arguello submarine canyon/channel system extends over 300 km from the continental shelf off Point Arguello and Point Conception in southern California westward onto the oceanic crust of the Pacific plate. In the northernmost reaches where the canyon system originates, all stages in the evolution of seafloor morphologic fluid flow features—from pockmarks to gullies to converging rills—are observed, similar to what has been described for the Ascension slope, north of Monterey Bay. These features appear to be active today and are linked to fluid leakage from the underlying hydrocarbon basin. The channel dissects a continental slope that exhibits features consistent with large-scale mass wasting. Upslope scarps may be the source of the morphological feature at the base of the slope previously referred to as the “Arguello submarine fan,” with topographic expressions (e.g., large channel meanders, ridges) that are more consistent with mass transport deposits than with deep-sea fan depositional lobes. The modern canyon crosscuts these deposits and parallels an older, meandering channel/canyon to the west. Modern seismicity along the shelf and slope may have, and potentially still can, trigger landslides on the slope. Seismicity associated with seamount volcanism, past subduction, and Borderland transrotational and extensional processes most likely played a role in stimulating mass wasting. The presence of abundant nearby petroleum suggests that gas venting and hydrate dissociation cannot be ruled out as a triggering mechanism for the slope destabilization occurring today. The canyon/channel continues due south on a path possibly determined by the structural grain of north–south-aligned abyssal hills underlying oceanic basement. At latitude 33°18′N, the channel makes a 90° turn (bend) to the west at the E–W-striking Arguello transform fault wall and develops into a meandering channel system that crosses over abyssal hill crustal fabric. The system ultimately straightens as it continues west before veering north, curving around a thickened crustal bulge at a corner offset in the Arguello fracture zone in complex basement structure, and then finally empties into an 800-m-deep basin depocenter.
Rheological Properties of Methane Hydrate Slurry in the Presence of Xanthan Gum
Authors: Fu Weiqi , Wang Zhiyuan , Sun Baojiang , Xu Jianchun , Chen Litao , Wang Xuerui 
Published: February 2020

Summary
Methane hydrate formation in a xanthan-gum (XG) solution is an important problem for drilling in a deepwater environment. It not only alters the rheology of the drilling fluid in the wellbore but increases the risks of a hydrate blockage in the blowout preventer. The current work is performing groups of experiments to investigate the rheology of the hydrate slurry under XG concentrations of 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3%, shear rates from 10 to 480 s−1, and hydrate concentrations from 1.01 to 9.12%. The experimental results show that the hydrate slurry with XG additives exhibits an obvious shear-thinning behavior, which is because the XG solution has strong pseudoplastic characteristics, and the inner structures of the flocculated hydrate particles suspended in the hydrate slurry are broken up during the hydrate-slurry flow. The increase of hydrate concentrations in the hydrate slurry can reduce the non-Newtonian fluid index and make the rheology of the hydrate slurry become more shear-thinning. However, as the XG concentration increases in the hydrate slurry, the influence of the hydrate concentration on the rheology of the hydrate slurry gradually weakens. Empirical Herschel–Bulkley-type equations are developed to describe the rheology of the hydrate slurry with XG for the current experimental condition, considering the shear rate, hydrate concentration, and XG concentration. In the proposed equations, the non-Newtonian factor and the consistency factor are expressed as functions of XG concentration empirically.
Correction Notice:The preprint version of this paper was modified from its original version to correct Figs. 8 and 9 and Eqs. 6 through 9 on page 7. Errata explaining the corrections are included below as Supporting Information.
Patient motives for contacting out-of-hours care in Denmark: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Huibers Linda , Carlsen Anders H , Moth Grete , Christensen Helle C , Riddervold Ingunn S , Christensen Morten B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients in need of acute health care do not always contact the most suitable health care service provider. Contacting out-of-hours primary care for an urgent problem may delay care, whereas contacting emergency medical services for a non-urgent problem could ultimately affect patient safety. More insight into patient motives for contacting a specific health care provider may help optimise patient flows. This study aims to explore patient motives for contacting out-of-hours primary care and the emergency medical services in Denmark.Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional observational study by sending a questionnaire to patients contacting out-of-hours primary care and emergency medical services, both of which can be directly contacted by patients, in two of five Danish regions in 2015. As we aimed to focus on the first access point, the emergency department was not included. The questionnaire included items on patient characteristics, health problem and 26 pre-defined motives. Descriptive analyses of patient characteristics and motives were conducted, stratified by the two health care service providers. Factors associated with contacting each of the two service providers were explored in a modified Poisson regression analysis, and adjusted risk ratios were calculated.Results
Three key motives for contacting the two service providers were identified: ‘unpleasant symptoms’, ‘perceived need for prompt action’ and ‘perceived most suitable health care provider’. Other important motives were ‘need arose outside office hours’ and ‘wanted to talk to a physician’ (out-of-hours primary care) and ‘expected need for ambulance’ and ‘worried’ (emergency medical services). Higher probability of contacting the emergency medical services versus out-of-hours primary care was seen for most motives relating to own assessment and expectations, previous experience and knowledge, and own needs and wishes. Lower probability was seen for most motives relating to perceived barriers and benefits.Conclusions
Patient motives for contacting the two health care service providers were partly overlapping. The study contributes with new knowledge on the complex decision-making process of patients in need of acute health care. This knowledge could help optimise existing health care services, such as patient safety and the service level, without increasing health care costs.
Association between maternal sleep duration and quality, and the risk of preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: wang ling , Jin Feng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Study Objectives: To assess the association of sleep duration and quality with the risk of preterm birth.
Methods: Relevant studies were retrieved from the PubMed and Web of Science databases up to September 30, 2018. The reference lists of the retrieved articles were reviewed. Random effects models were applied to estimate summarized relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: Ten identified studies (nine cohort studies and one case-controlled study) examined the associations of sleep duration and quality with the risk of preterm birth. As compared with women with the longest sleep duration, the summary RR was 1.23 (95% CI = 1.01–1.50) for women with the shortest sleep duration, with moderate between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 57.4%). Additionally, as compared with women with good sleep quality, the summary RR was 1.54 (95% CI = 1.18–2.01) for women with poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index > 5), with high between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 76.7%). Funnel plots as well as the Egger’s and Begg’s tests revealed no evidence of publication bias.
Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that short sleep duration and poor sleep quality may be associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. Further subgroup analyses are warranted to test the robustness of these findings as well as to identify potential sources of heterogeneity.