bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of a spontaneous right coronary artery dissection with a 4-mm diameter cutting balloon: a case report
Authors: Sharma Harish , Vetrugno Vincenzo , Khan Sohail Q 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Guidelines recommend conservative management for a spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) in the absence of ongoing ischaemia, haemodynamic instability, or left main dissection. Conventional percutaneous coronary intervention methods for SCAD are associated with an unfavourable prognosis due to difficulties wiring the lesion, dissection propagation, and potential ‘milking’ of the intramural haematoma along the vessel or into other vessels. These factors promote implantation of multiple stents which are often undersized, increasing the risk of in-stent restenosis significantly. There have been several case reports demonstrating the novel use of small diameter cutting balloons in the left anterior descending artery system. Here, we describe the successful use of a larger 4 mm cutting balloon to treat a spontaneous right coronary artery (RCA) dissection.

Case summary
A 53-year-old woman with troponin negative chest pain and was diagnosed with unstable angina due to ischaemic electrocardiographic features. Coronary angiography revealed a tight discrete lesion in the RCA. Intravascular imaging confirmed SCAD and a 4 mm cutting balloon was used to dissect the tunica intima to allow complete resorption of the intramural haematoma and resolution of symptoms.

Discussion
This case demonstrates the safe use of a larger 4 mm cutting balloon to treat an RCA SCAD, resulting in complete resolution of the haematoma.
Tasting theterroirof wine yeast innovation
Authors: Pretorius I S 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTWine is an archetypal traditional fermented beverage with strong territorial and socio-cultural connotations. Its 7000 year history is patterned by a tradition of innovation. Every value-adding innovation − whether in the vineyard, winery, supply chain or marketplace − that led to the invention of a new tradition spurred progress and created a brighter future from past developments. In a way, wine traditions can be defined as remembered innovations from the distant past − inherited knowledge and wisdom that withstood the test of time. Therefore, it should not be assumed a priori that tradition and innovation are polar opposites. The relations between the forces driven by the anchors of tradition and the wings of innovation do not necessarily involve displacement, conflict or exclusiveness. Innovation can strengthen wine tradition, and the reinvention of a tradition-bound practice, approach or concept can foster innovation. In cases where a paradigm-shifting innovation disrupts a tradition, the process of such an innovation transitioning into a radically new tradition can become protracted while proponents of divergent opinions duke it out. Sometimes these conflicting opinions are based on fact, and sometimes not. The imperfections of such a debate between the ‘ancients’ and the ‘moderns’ can, from time to time, obscure the line between myth and reality. Therefore, finding the right balance between traditions worth keeping and innovations worth implementing can be complex. The intent here is to harness the creative tension between science fiction and science fact when innovation's first-principles challenge the status quo by re-examining the foundational principles about a core traditional concept, such as terroir. Poignant questions are raised about the importance of the terroir (biogeography) of yeasts and the value of the microbiome of grapes to wine quality. This article imagines a metaphorical terroir free from cognitive biases where diverse perspectives can converge to uncork the effervescent power of territorial yeast populations as well as ‘nomadic’ yeast starter cultures. At the same time, this paper also engages in mental time-travel. A future scenario is imagined, explored, tested and debated where terroir-less yeast avatars are equipped with designer genomes to safely and consistently produce, individually or in combination with region-specific wild yeasts and or other starter cultures, high-quality wine according to the preferences of consumers in a range of markets. The purpose of this review is to look beyond the horizon and to synthesize a link between what we know now and what could be. This article informs readers where to look without suggesting what they must see as a way forward. In the context of one of the world's oldest fermentation industries − steeped in a rich history of tradition and innovation − the mantra here is: respect the past, lead the present and secure the future of wine.
Ambient noise Rayleigh wave tomography across the Madagascar island
Authors: Adimah N I , Padhy S 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYThe unusual complex lithospheric structure of Madagascar is a product of a number of important geological events, including: the Pan-African Orogeny, episodes of Late Cenozoic intraplate volcanism and several phases of deformation and metamorphism. Despite this rich history, its detailed crustal structure remains largely underexplored. Here, we take advantage of the recently obtained data set of the RHUM-RUM (Réunion Hotspot and Upper Mantle–Réunions Unterer Mantel) seismological experiment, in addition to previously available data sets to generate the first Rayleigh wave group velocity maps across the entire island at periods between 5 and 30 s using the ambient noise tomography technique. Prior to preliminary data preparation, data from Ocean Bottom Seismometers are cleaned of compliance and tilt noise. Cross-correlating noise records yielded over 1900 Rayleigh wave cross-correlation functions from which group velocities were measured to perform surface wave tomography. Dispersion curves extracted from group velocity tomographic maps are inverted to compute a 3-D shear velocity model of the region. Our velocity maps have shown relative improvement in imaging the three sedimentary basins in the western third of the island compared to those of previous studies. The Morondava basin southwest of the island is the broadest and contains the thickest sedimentary rocks while the Antsirinana basin at the northern tip is narrowest and thinnest. The lithosphere beneath the island is characterized by a heterogeneous crust which appears thickest at the centre but thins away towards the margins. A combined effect of uneven erosion of the crust and rifting accommodates our observations along the east coast. Average 1-D shear velocity models in six different tectonic units, support the causes of low velocity zones observed in the west coast of the island and reveal an intermediate-to-felsic Precambrian upper and middle crust consistent with findings of previous seismic studies. Our findings, especially at short periods provide new constraints on shallow crustal structure of the main island region.
Identification of hospitalized patients with community-acquired infection in whom treatment guidelines do not apply: a validated model
Authors: Cardoso Teresa , Rodrigues Pedro Pereira , Nunes Cristina , Almeida Mónica , Cancela Joana , Rosa Fernando , Rocha-Pereira Nuno , Ferreira Inês , Seabra-Pereira Filipa , Vaz Prudência , Carneiro Liliana , Andrade Carina , Davis Justin , Marçal Ana , Friedman N Deborah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To develop and validate a clinical model to identify patients admitted to hospital with community-acquired infection (CAI) caused by pathogens resistant to antimicrobials recommended in current CAI treatment guidelines.

Methods
International prospective cohort study of consecutive patients admitted with bacterial infection. Logistic regression was used to associate risk factors with infection by a resistant organism. The final model was validated in an independent cohort.

Results
There were 527 patients in the derivation and 89 in the validation cohort. Independent risk factors identified were: atherosclerosis with functional impairment (Karnofsky index &lt;70) [adjusted OR (aOR) (95% CI) = 2.19 (1.41–3.40)]; previous invasive procedures [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 1.98 (1.28–3.05)]; previous colonization with an MDR organism (MDRO) [aOR (95% CI) = 2.67 (1.48–4.81)]; and previous antimicrobial therapy [aOR (95% CI) = 2.81 (1.81–4.38)]. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (AU-ROC) curve (95% CI) for the final model was 0.75 (0.70–0.79). For a predicted probability ≥22% the sensitivity of the model was 82%, with a negative predictive value of 85%. In the validation cohort the sensitivity of the model was 96%. Using this model, unnecessary broad-spectrum therapy would be recommended in 30% of cases whereas undertreatment would occur in only 6% of cases.

Conclusions
For patients hospitalized with CAI and none of the following risk factors: atherosclerosis with functional impairment; previous invasive procedures; antimicrobial therapy; or MDRO colonization, CAI guidelines can safely be applied. Whereas, for those with some of these risk factors, particularly if more than one, alternative antimicrobial regimens should be considered.
lncRNA CCAT1/miR-490-3p/MAPK1/c-Myc positive feedback loop drives progression of acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Wang Chenghong , Chen Fangping , Fan Zili , Yao Chenjiao , Xiao Lijun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a frequently diagnosed malignancy in adults. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) colon cancer-associated transcript 1 (CCAT1) has been well known to play vital roles in multiple malignancies including AML. Unfortunately, the detailed mechanism of CCAT1 in AML progression remains obscure. In this study, we demonstrated that CCAT1 was up-regulated in AML samples while its target, miR-490-3p, was relatively down-regulated. CCAT1 markedly increased viability and metastasis of AML cells, while miR-490-3p had opposite effects. CCAT1 could specifically bind to miR-490-3p and reduce its expression and activity, and MAPK1 was a target gene of miR-490-3p. Overexpressed CCAT1 could induce MAPK1 expression and c-Myc reciprocally increased CCAT1 expression. Our data implied that miR-490-3p could be a novel therapeutic target for AML, and highlights the crucial role of CCAT1/miR-490-3p/MAPK1/c-Myc positive feedback loop in AML progression.
Addressing Hunger and Starvation in Situations of Armed Conflict — Laying the Foundations for Peace
Authors: Lander Brian , Richards Rebecca Vetharaniam 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Food is a common denominator for human survival and is often the source of national pride and cultural significance. Yet, famine and starvation remain a real threat to millions of people around the world. This article sets the scene for an exploration of the relationship between food and security within conflict settings and of how the response of humanitarian actors can pave the way for improving the prospects for peace. Through examining the trends that are impacting the food security of civilians, including humanitarian access and attacks against objects indispensable to the survival of these populations and against humanitarian workers, this article considers the linkages between hunger and conflict as well as the avenues that must be pursued to prevent and end conflicts. Focus is given to the contributions of organizations like the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) to address underlying root causes in an inclusive, integrated and sustainable manner. The available tools such organizations have at their disposal are also considered, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive framework that builds on existing legal foundations, international commitments, and the efforts of humanitarian, development and peace actors. The engagement of the international community in averting famine, relapse into conflict and exacerbation of conflict through food insecurity requires a multi-faceted response given the nature of famine and starvation in the world today. The article concludes with thoughts on ways of utilizing existing rules and frameworks to protect civilians from starvation in times of armed conflict.
Multiscale dynamics in star-forming regions: the interplay between gravity and turbulence
Authors: Traficante A , Fuller G A , Duarte-Cabral A , Elia D , Heyer M H , Molinari S , Peretto N , Schisano E 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
In this work, we investigate the interplay between gravity and turbulence at different spatial scales and in different density regimes. We analyse a sample of 70-μm quiet clumps that are divided into three surface density bins, and we compare the dynamics of each group with the dynamics of their respective filaments. The densest clumps form within the densest filaments, on average, and they have the highest value of the velocity dispersion. The kinetic energy is transferred from the filaments down to the clumps most likely through a turbulent cascade, but we identify a critical value of the surface density, Σ ≃ 0.1 g cm−2, above which the dynamics change from being mostly turbulent-driven to mostly gravity-driven. The scenario we obtain from our data is a continuous interplay between turbulence and gravity, where the former creates structures at all scales and the latter takes the lead when the critical surface density threshold is reached. In the densest filaments, this transition can occur at the parsec, or even larger scales, leading to a global collapse of the whole region and most likely to the formation of the massive objects.
Sunspot observations by Hisako Koyama: 1945–1996
Authors: Hayakawa Hisashi , Clette Frédéric , Horaguchi Toshihiro , Iju Tomoya , Knipp Delores J , Liu Huixin , Nakajima Takashi 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Sunspot records are the only observational tracer of solar activity that provides a fundamental, multicentury reference. Its homogeneity has been largely maintained with a succession of long-duration visual observers. In this article, we examine observations of one of the primary reference sunspot observers, Hisako Koyama. By consulting original archives of the National Museum of Nature and Science of Japan (hereafter, NMNS), we retrace the main steps of her solar-observing career, from 1945 to 1996. We also present the reconstruction of a full digital data base of her sunspot observations at the NMNS, with her original drawings and logbooks. Here, we extend the availability of her observational data from 1947–1984 to 1945–1996. Comparisons with the international sunspot number (Version 2) and with the group sunspot number series show a good global stability of Koyama's observations, with only temporary fluctuations over the main interval 1947–1982. Identifying drawings made by alternate observers throughout the series, we find that a single downward baseline shift in the record coincides with the partial contribution of replacement observers mostly after 1983. We determine the correction factor to bring the second part (1983–1996) to the same scale with Koyama's main interval (1947–1982). We find a downward jump by 9 per cent after 1983, which then remains stable until 1995. Overall, the high quality of Koyama's observations with her life-long dedication leaves a lasting legacy of this exceptional personal achievement. With this comprehensive recovery, we now make the totality of this legacy directly accessible and exploitable for future research.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for detecting large-vessel giant cell arteritis using FDG PET/CT as the reference
Authors: Nielsen Berit Dalsgaard , Hansen Ib Tønder , Keller Kresten Krarup , Therkildsen Philip , Gormsen Lars Christian , Hauge Ellen-Margrethe 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The diagnostic accuracy of axillary artery US in the diagnosis of large-vessel (LV)-GCA using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT as reference standard was prospectively evaluated in GCA-suspected patients. As an exploratory analysis, the diagnostic accuracy of cranial artery FDG PET/CT was evaluated.

Methods
Briefly, the inclusion criteria were age ≥50 years, raised inflammatory markers and potential GCA symptoms. Patients in immunosuppressive therapy or with a previous diagnosis of GCA or PMR were excluded. Examinations were performed pre-treatment. LV-GCA reference diagnosis was a clinical diagnosis of GCA and PET-proven LV inflammation. GCA patients fulfilling ACR criteria were considered as cranial-GCA (c-GCA). Patients without GCA were considered controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the US-measured axillary intima-media thickness was performed. FDG uptake in temporal, maxillary and vertebral arteries was also assessed.

Results
Forty-six patients were diagnosed with LV-GCA, 10 with isolated c-GCA, and in 34 patients GCA was dismissed. Axillary US yielded a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 100% for LV-GCA. An axillary intima-media thickness cut-off of 1.0 mm yielded a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 92%. Adding LV US to temporal assessment increased sensitivity from 71% to 97% (all GCA patients). Cranial artery PET showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 100% for c-GCA.

Conclusion
Axillary artery US shows high accuracy for the LV-GCA diagnosis. Building upon the recent EULAR recommendations, we propose a diagnostic algorithm with US as the first-line confirmatory test, not only in c-GCA-suspected patients, but in all patients suspected of GCA.
Clinical and associated inflammatory biomarker features predictive of short-term outcomes in non-systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Rezaei Elham , Hogan Daniel , Trost Brett , Kusalik Anthony J , Boire Gilles , Cabral David A , Campillo Sarah , Chédeville Gaëlle , Chetaille Anne-Laure , Dancey Paul , Duffy Ciaran , Watanabe Duffy Karen , Gordon John , Guzman Jaime , Houghton Kristin , Huber Adam M , Jurencak Roman , Lang Bianca , Morishita Kimberly , Oen Kiem G , Petty Ross E , Ramsey Suzanne E , Scuccimarri Rosie , Spiegel Lynn , Stringer Elizabeth , Taylor-Gjevre Regina M , Tse Shirley M L , Tucker Lori B , Turvey Stuart E , Tupper Susan , Yeung Rae S M , Benseler Susanne , Ellsworth Janet , Guillet Chantal , Karananayake Chandima , Muhajarine Nazeem , Roth Johannes , Schneider Rayfel , Rosenberg Alan M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
To identify early predictors of disease activity at 18 months in JIA using clinical and biomarker profiling.

Methods
Clinical and biomarker data were collected at JIA diagnosis in a prospective longitudinal inception cohort of 82 children with non-systemic JIA, and their ability to predict an active joint count of 0, a physician global assessment of disease activity of ≤1 cm, and inactive disease by Wallace 2004 criteria 18 months later was assessed. Correlation-based feature selection and ReliefF were used to shortlist predictors and random forest models were trained to predict outcomes.

Results
From the original 112 features, 13 effectively predicted 18-month outcomes. They included age, number of active/effused joints, wrist, ankle and/or knee involvement, ESR, ANA positivity and plasma levels of five inflammatory biomarkers (IL-10, IL-17, IL-12p70, soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 and vitamin D), at enrolment. The clinical plus biomarker panel predicted active joint count = 0, physician global assessment ≤ 1, and inactive disease after 18 months with 0.79, 0.80 and 0.83 accuracy and 0.84, 0.83, 0.88 area under the curve, respectively. Using clinical features alone resulted in 0.75, 0.72 and 0.80 accuracy, and area under the curve values of 0.81, 0.78 and 0.83, respectively.

Conclusion
A panel of five plasma biomarkers combined with clinical features at the time of diagnosis more accurately predicted short-term disease activity in JIA than clinical characteristics alone. If validated in external cohorts, such a panel may guide more rationally conceived, biologically based, personalized treatment strategies in early JIA.
Perspectives and Practice: Physical Therapist Students' Clinical Reasoning
Authors: Gilliland Sarah , Wainwright Susan Flannery 
Published: November 2019

Introduction.
Entry-level physical therapist (PT) educational programs need to prepare practitioners who engage in patient-centered clinical reasoning. Many factors, including health care practitioners' beliefs and values, influence how clinicians engage in clinical reasoning. Variations in students' characterizations of physical therapy practice may explain some of the differences observed in previous studies of clinical reasoning. This paper examines the relationship between PT students' characterizations of practice and their clinical reasoning during an encounter with a patient.

Methods.
This paper used a qualitative, descriptive case study method with thematic analysis. Eight entry-level doctor of physical therapy students from 2 programs participated in semistructured conceptual interviews and standardized patient encounters with retrospective think-aloud for this paper. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to examine the students' perspectives on practice and clinical reasoning strategies. The students' perspectives on the purpose and the patient's role in the physical therapy encounter were then analyzed for their relationship with the students' clinical decision-making processes during a standardized patient encounter.

Results.
The students demonstrated a spectrum of qualitative differences in both their perspectives and their reasoning. The students' clinical decision-making processes paralleled their views on practice. A negative case example illustrates the complexity of the relationship between perspective and practice.

Discussion and Conclusion.
Physical therapist students' approaches to a patient encounter parallel their perspectives on practice; however, students must also have the appropriate clinical skills to enact their characterization of practice. Entry-level PT educational programs should include learning opportunities that support students in developing patient-centered perspectives as well as the skills to carry out that practice.