bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of alanine aminotransferase in crop resilience to climate change: a critical review
Authors: Agrawal Nisha , Chunletia Rati S. , Badigannavar Anand M. , Mondal Suvendu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) is a crucial enzyme present in various isoforms. It is playing vital role in both humans and plants. This concise review focuses on the role of AlaAT in plants, particularly on preharvest sprouting, hypoxia, nitrogen use efficiency, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. The molecular genetics of AlaAT, including gene identification and the impact on plant yield and its physiology, is discussed. Notably, the major dormancy gene Qsd1/SD1 governing AlaAT synthesis has been characterized and cloned in various crops. This review emphasizes the current understanding of AlaAT and its influence on plants, covering mechanisms regulating preharvest sprouting, hypoxia, drought tolerance, salt tolerance, biotic resistance and nitrogen use efficiency. Identifying a protein with multidimensional roles in crop plants is very important. Modern biotechnological approaches can alter such candidate gene/protein for superior varieties development. Overall, the review gives an understanding of the uncovered area of AlaAT and the challenge of climatic change triggers in plants. In the future, the potential of genome editing in AlaAT through enhancer insertion and rapid stabilization through speed breeding will impart resilience to crop plants against climate change.
The consumer genome: Willingness to share and accept genetic data in marketing
Authors: Gil João Carlos , Guerreiro João 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGenetic marketing presents novel challenges for marketing, namely how its implementation impacts consumers’ attitudes. The current study is grounded on the privacy calculus and theory of planned behavior theories to understand how consumers are willing to accept the use of genetic data for marketing purposes. A total of 309 consumers were surveyed about their perceptions of using genetic data. The study shows that creating benefits for the disclosure of information, establishing a positive reputation for the organization, and building systems that empower consumers in terms of control over their genetic data will help consumers accept genetic marketing practices.
Effect of farm size on vulnerability in beekeeping: Insights from mediterranean Spain
Authors: López-i-Gelats Feliu , Hobbelink Erik , Llaurador Paula , Rivera-Ferre Marta G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
There is broad consensus on the socioeconomic importance of beekeeping and the essential services it provides through pollination. However, beekeeping is being impacted by global environmental changes, and more specific insights are needed. Beekeeping is not a homogeneous activity; it is practiced in various ways and contexts. This study examines how these changes affect beekeeping operations of different sizes in Mediterranean Spain and whether size influences adaptation. Structured interviews were conducted to assess the sector's vulnerability, with climate change identified as a key contributing factor. The findings reveal that the vulnerability of beekeeping is shaped not only by multiple transformations but also by the diverse adaptive capacities of beekeepers. Additionally, the size of beekeeping operations significantly influences this capacity, a factor that should be integrated into policymaking given the sector’s highly polarized nature.
Development and validation of a generalized, AI-based inline void defect detection solution for FSW based on force feedback
Authors: Rabe P. , Schiebahn A. , Reisgen U. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Friction stir welding is a solid-state joining process that operates below the material’s melting point commonly used to join aluminum parts, avoiding the drawbacks of fusion-based methods. These resulting advantages have accelerated growth and are increasing the number of applications across a range of industrial sectors, many of which are safety–critical. Along with the increase in applications and rise in productivity the need for reliable and cost-effective, non-destructive inline quality monitoring is rapidly growing. This publication is based on the research group’s ongoing efforts to develop a capable generalized inline-monitoring solution. To detect and classify FSW defects, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) based on the DenseNet architecture are used to evaluate recorded process data. The CNNs are modified to include weld and workpiece-specific metadata in the classification. These networks are then trained to classify transient weld data over a wide range of welding parameters, three different Al alloys, and two sheet thicknesses. The hyperparameters are incrementally tuned to increase weld defect detection. The defect detection threshold is tuned to prevent false negative classifications by adjusting the cost function to fit the needs of a force-based detection system. Classification accuracies > 99% are achieved with multiple neural network configurations. System validation is provided utilizing a newly recorded weld dataset from a different welding machine with previously used parameter/workpiece combinations as well as parameter combinations and alloys as well as sheet thicknesses outside the training parameter range. The generalization capabilities are demonstrated by the detection of > 99.9% of weld defects in the validation data.
Supporting Coordination and Peer Editing in Students’ Online Collaborative Writing Processes
Authors: Usher Maya , Roll Ido , Fuhrman Orly , Amir Ofra 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Online Collaborative Writing (OCW) is a prevalent practice among undergraduate students, yet challenges arising from a lack of group awareness (GA) often hinder effective collaboration. To address such challenges, this study included three phases: (1) A preliminary study (n=9) aimed to identify challenges that undergraduate students face while engaging in asynchronous OCW. (2) A GA tool (i.e., SITU) was designed to address the identified challenges by allowing students to invite their peers to edit specific sections of the document and provide written feedback. (3) The effect of SITU on students’ online writing behaviors and peer editing outcomes was evaluated. Students in the experimental group (n=32) worked on an OCW task with SITU while students in the control group (n=30) worked without it. Employing a mixed-methods research design, data were collected via screen-capture recordings of students’ writing processes and group interviews. Results from the preliminary study revealed that students experienced discomfort in editing parts of the shared document written by peers and encountered difficulties in coordinating task-related activities. The main study revealed that collaborative writing with SITU led to an almost twofold increase in the time students spent on conducting major edits to paragraphs written by peers.
Exploring Spiritual Concerns, Needs, and Resources in Outpatient Healthcare Facilities Serving Under-Resourced Black Patients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Gazaway Shena , Oppong Kwaku Duah , Burke Emily S. , Nix-Parker Tamara , Torke Alexia M. , Perez Shelley Varner , Fitchett George , Durant Raegan W. , Wells Rachel , Bakitas Marie , Ejem Deborah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Acknowledging patients’ spiritual concerns can enhance well-being and is essential to patient-centered chronic illness care. However, unmet spiritual care needs remain a major area of suffering, particularly among under-resourced populations. Limited research exists on how spiritual concerns are acknowledged and integrated into the care of chronically ill older Black patients in these settings.

Purpose
This study aimed to explore the spiritual concerns and needs of chronically ill older Black patients from under-resourced areas and to identify available spiritual support resources for patients seeking healthcare through a community safety net health service.

Methods
Using a qualitative descriptive design, we interviewed 13 chronically ill, older Black patients and key clinicians (physicians, nurse practitioners, allied health, and clergy). The interview focused on patients’ illness-related spiritual concerns, sources of distress, and desired spiritual support resources. Participants also reviewed the Spiritual Care and Assessment Intervention (SCAI), a spiritual care intervention, and provided feedback on its content, format, and delivery.

Results
Five themes emerged from qualitative interviews: (1) spirituality is integral to seriously ill Southern patients; (2) clinicians should strive to address spiritual health in encounters; (3) socioeconomic barriers and competing demands impact priority of accessing spiritual care services; (4) spiritual care interventions should be patient-driven, compassionate, and fully integrated into medical care as a comprehensive service; and (5) participants thought SCAI was appropriate for use but should be shortened and provided in-person to increase accessibility.

Discussion
Findings will inform the development and piloting of small-scale culturally responsive spiritual care intervention tailored for seriously ill older Black adults in an ambulatory care setting.
Candidate genes associated with low temperature tolerance in cucumber adult plants identified by combining GWAS & QTL mapping
Authors: Li Caixia , Dong Shaoyun , Beckles Diane M. , Liu Xiaoping , Guan Jiantao , Wang Zaizhan , Gu Xingfang , Miao Han , Zhang Shengping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFruit quality and yield are reduced when cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants are exposed to low temperature (LT) stress, yet, the inheritance and genes linked to cold tolerance in adult plants have not been reported yet. Here, the LT-tolerance of 120 cucumber accessions representing four ecotypes were evaluated by GWAS, and also, in 140 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a biparental cross. Plants were exposed to naturally occurring LT environments in a plastic greenhouse, in winter 2022, and 2023, and a low temperature injury index (LTII) was employed to evaluate plant performance. Genetic analysis revealed that the LT-tolerance evaluated in the adult cucumber plants was a multigenic quantitative trait, and that 18 of the 120 accessions were highly LT tolerant by our LTII assessment. Two loci (gLTT1.1 and gLTT3.1) exhibited strong signals that were consistent and stable in two environments. In addition, two QTLs—qLTT1.2 on chromosome (Chr.) 1, and qLTT3.1 on Chr. 3, were discovered in all tests using RIL population derived from a cross between LT-sensitive ‘CsIVF0106’, and LT-tolerant ‘CsIVF0168’. qLTT1.2 was delimited to a 1.24-Mb region and qLTT3.1 was narrowed to a 1.43-Mb region. Interestingly, a peak single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at gLTT1.1 and gLTT3.1 was also found in qLTT1.2 and qLTT3.1, respectively. These loci were thus renamed as gLTT1.1 and gLTT3.1. In these regions, 25 genes were associated with the LT response. By identifying differences in haplotypes and transcript profiles among these genes, we identified four candidates: CsaV3_1G012520 (an ethylene-responsive transcription factor) and CsaV3_1G013060 (a RING/U-box superfamily protein) in gLTT1.1, and two RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferases at CsaV3_3G018440 and CsaV3_3G017700 in gLTT3.1 that may regulate LT-tolerance in adult cucumber. Interestingly, the accessions in which the LT-tolerant haplotypes for two loci were pyramided, displayed maximally high tolerance for LT. These findings therefore provide a solid foundation for the identification of LT-tolerant genes and the molecular breeding of cucumber with LT-tolerance.
Public Perception of Technologies in Society: Mapping Laypeople’s Mental Models in Terms of Risk and Valence
Authors: Brauner Philipp , Glawe Felix , Vervier Luisa , Zielfe Martina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Technological advancements profoundly shape individuals, society, and the planet. As we continue to innovate, it is essential to assess how the public perceives both the benefits and risks of new technologies. This study explores the mental models of N = 111 laypeople from a convenient sample mainly from Germany and Bulgaria regarding a wide range of technologies and technology-driven trends, focusing on valence, familiarity, perceived risk, and the desire for societal debate. The article presents: (1) a ranking of various technologies and trends based on their valence (or perceived value), risk, familiarity, and societal debate demand; (2) a detailed analysis and visual mapping of the strong correlation between risk and valence (r
2 = 89%) and the moderate association between familiarity and the desire for societal debate (r
2 = 33%); and (3) an examination of the limited impact of user diversity on these perceptions. These findings underscore the importance of understanding public perceptions to guide responsible technological development and policy-making, highlighting key areas for fostering public acceptance and guiding governance of technology. Based on this, we derive actionable policy recommendations.
CFD modelling of micro turbomachinery blade: integrating surface roughness with novel reverse-engineering strategies
Authors: Yu Q. , Howell R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the results of reverse-engineering (RE) strategies, surface roughness and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling for a Wren100 micro gas turbine (MGT). Utilising silicone moulds and resin tooling, precise blade geometry capture was achieved for 3D reconstruction allowing for discrete and parametric geometric models to be created. Using these geometries, CFD simulations employing both Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and large eddy simulation (LES) models, alongside experimental wind tunnel cascade tests, were used to evaluate these reverse engineering strategies. The results show that while the parametric model captures overall MGT performance with fewer parameters, the discrete model provides enhanced accuracy, highlighting its suitability for detailed aerodynamic analyses. Contrary to initial expectations, surface roughness exhibited a noticeable impact on performance despite the lower Reynolds numbers (40,000), as demonstrated by the CFD model and wind tunnel experiments. The results indicate that surface roughness can reduce laminar separation bubbles on the blade leading edge, delay the onset of transition, and mitigate secondary flow losses. Overall, this study contributes to knowledge advancement in turbine blade reverse engineering and aerodynamics by detailing the impact of surface roughness on performance.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of amphistome infection in domestic ruminants in the sub-Saharan Africa region
Authors: Nyagura I. , Malatji M.P. , Ngcamphalala P.I. , Mukaratirwa S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to provide comprehensive information on the prevalence of amphistome infections in domestic ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic search of peer-reviewed articles published between 2002 and 2023 was conducted. Prevalence estimates and meta-analysis were based on 76 peer-reviewed articles which met the inclusion criteria. Of the 55,122 domestic ruminants screened, 12,858 were infected, and the overall pooled prevalence was 22% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10-37). The highest prevalence was recorded in southern Africa 25% (95% CI, 0-62), and central Africa 16% (95% CI, 0-61) the lowest. Cattle were the most frequently sampled hosts (76.56%, n = 42,202) and sheep (8.78%, n = 4838) the lowest, and cattle recorded the highest pooled prevalence of 28% (95% CI, 12-47), and goats the lowest at 5% (95% CI, 0-14). Prevalence rate was the high in males 32% (95% CI, 21-44), adult ruminants 37% (95% CI, 15-62) and animals with poor body condition 47% (95% CI, 34-60), and during the wet season 36% (95% CI, 0-94). The highest pooled prevalence was recorded at postmortem 23% (95% CI, 8-43) compared to coprology 20% (95% CI, 6-39) studies. The meta-regression model demonstrated that the body condition score, host, and period, and the interactions of different factors significantly influenced the prevalence. The lowest prevalence rate was noted for the period between 2013 and 2023. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis in sub-Saharan Africa that provides a comprehensive review of the prevalence of amphistome infections in domestic ruminants in the past 20 years.
Expertise and Responsiveness in People's Political Consultative Conferences
Authors: Wiebrecht Felix 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
What benefits do inclusive institutions offer authoritarian rulers? Previous research has studied delegate behaviour in authoritarian institutions but has been less well-equipped to assess government reactions to it. Analysing the case of one People's Political Consultative Conference in China, I argue that an overlooked key benefit of inclusive institutions is their provision of expertise. Drawing on novel data comprising more than 9,000 policy suggestions submitted by delegates, delegates' biographies and the corresponding government responses, I illustrate that the government generally values suggestions that signal expertise. While this is especially true for departments of a more technocratic nature, I also find that members of the institutional leadership are systematically favoured. These findings provide an important addition to our understanding of the role of authoritarian institutions in policymaking processes.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying obesity in degenerative spine and joint diseases
Authors: Xiang Qian , Wu Zhenquan , Zhao Yongzhao , Tian Shuo , Lin Jialiang , Wang Longjie , Jiang Shuai , Sun Zhuoran , Li Weishi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDegenerative spine and joint diseases, including intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), ossification of the spinal ligaments (OSL), and osteoarthritis (OA), are common musculoskeletal diseases that cause pain or disability to the patients. However, the pathogenesis of these musculoskeletal disorders is complex and has not been elucidated clearly to date. As a matter of fact, the spine and joints are not independent of other organs and tissues. Recently, accumulating evidence demonstrates the association between obesity and degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. Obesity is a common metabolic disease characterized by excessive adipose tissue or abnormal adipose distribution in the body. Excessive mechanical stress is regarded as a critical risk factor for obesity-related pathology. Additionally, obesity-related factors, mainly including lipid metabolism disorder, dysregulated pro-inflammatory adipokines and cytokines, are reported as plausible links between obesity and various human diseases. Importantly, these obesity-related factors are deeply involved in the regulation of cell phenotypes and cell fates, extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism, and inflammation in the pathophysiological processes of degenerative spine and joint diseases. In this study, we systematically discuss the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying obesity in these degenerative musculoskeletal diseases, and hope to provide novel insights for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.
Retinal fluid quantification using a novel deep learning algorithm in patients treated with faricimab in the TRUCKEE study
Authors: Aziz Aamir A. , Khanani Arshad M. , Khan Hannah , Lauer Eileen , Khanani Ibrahim , Mojumder Ohidul , Khanani Zoha A. , Khan Huma , Gahn Greggory M. , Graff J. Taylor , Abbey Ashkan M. , Almeida David R. P. , Barakat Mark R. , Corradetti Giulia , Graff Jordan M. , Haug Sara J. , Nielsen Jared S. , Sheth Veeral S. , Sadda SriniVas R. , Hadas Ilan , Benyamini Gidi , Nahen Kester , Mohan Nishant 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Investigate retinal fluid changes via a novel deep-learning algorithm in real-world patients receiving faricimab for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods
Multicenter, retrospective chart review and optical coherence tomography (OCT) image upload from participating sites was conducted on patients treated with faricimab for nAMD from February 2022 to January 2024. The Notal OCT Analyzer (NOA) algorithm provided intraretinal, subretinal and total retinal fluid for each scan. Results were segregated based on treatment history and fluid compartments, allowing for multiple cross-sections of evaluation.

Results
A total of 521 eyes were included at baseline. The previous treatments prior to faricimab were aflibercept, ranibizumab, bevacizumab, or treatment-naive for 52.3%, 21.0%, 13.3%, and 11.2% of the eyes, respectively. Of all 521 eyes, 49.9% demonstrated fluid reduction after one injection of faricimab. The mean fluid reduction after one injection was −60.7nL. The proportion of eyes that saw reduction in fluid compared to baseline after second, third, fourth and fifth faricimab injections were 54.4%, 51.9%, 51.4% and 52.2%, respectively. The mean (SD) retreatment interval after second, third, fourth and fifth faricimab injection were 53.4 (34.3), 56.6 (36.0), 57.1 (35.3) and 61.5 (40.2) days, respectively.

Conclusion
Deep-learning algorithms provide a novel tool for evaluating precise quantification of retinal fluid after treatment of nAMD with faricimab. Faricimab demonstrates reduction of retinal fluid in multiple groups after just one injection and sustains this response after multiple treatments, along with providing increases in treatment intervals between subsequent injections.
Techno-economic assessment of thin lithium metal anodes for solid-state batteries
Authors: Burton Matthew , Narayanan Sudarshan , Jagger Ben , Olbrich Lorenz F. , Dhir Shobhan , Shibata Masafumi , Lain Michael J. , Astbury Robert , Butcher Nicholas , Copley Mark , Kotaka Toshikazu , Aihara Yuichi , Pasta Mauro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Solid-state lithium metal batteries show substantial promise for overcoming theoretical limitations of Li-ion batteries to enable gravimetric and volumetric energy densities upwards of 500 Wh kg−1 and 1,000 Wh l−1, respectively. While zero-lithium-excess configurations are particularly attractive, inhomogeneous lithium plating on charge results in active lithium loss and a subsequent coulombic efficiency penalty. Excess lithium is therefore currently needed; however, this negatively impacts energy density and thus limiting its thickness is essential. Here we discuss the viability of various technologies for realizing thin lithium films that can be scaled up to the volumes required for gigafactory production. We identify thermal evaporation as a potentially cost-effective route to address these challenges and provide a techno-economic assessment of the projected costs associated with the fabrication of thin, dense lithium metal foils using this process. Finally, we estimate solid-state pack costs made using thermally evaporated lithium foils.