bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic analysis of a riboflavin-overproducing Ashbya gossypii mutant isolated by disparity mutagenesis
Authors: Kato Tatsuya , Azegami Junya , Yokomori Ami , Dohra Hideo , Enshasy Hesham A. El , Park Enoch Y. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Ashbya gossypii naturally overproduces riboflavin and has been utilized for industrial riboflavin production. To improve riboflavin production, various approaches have been developed. In this study, to investigate the change in metabolism of a riboflavin-overproducing mutant, namely, the W122032 strain (MT strain) that was isolated by disparity mutagenesis, genomic analysis was carried out.
Results: In the genomic analysis, 33 homozygous and 1377 heterozygous mutations in the coding sequences of the genome of MT strain were detected. Among these heterozygous mutations, the proportion of mutated reads in each gene was different, ranging from 21 to 75%. These results suggest that the MT strain may contain multiple nuclei containing different mutations. We tried to isolate haploid spores from the MT strain to prove its ploidy, but this strain did not sporulate under the conditions tested. Heterozygous mutations detected in genes which are important for sporulation likely contribute to the sporulation deficiency of the MT strain. Homozygous and heterozygous mutations were found in genes encoding enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism, the TCA cycle, purine and pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism and the DNA mismatch repair system. One homozygous mutation in AgILV2 gene encoding acetohydroxyacid synthase, which is also a flavoprotein in mitochondria, was found. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed heterozygous mutations in all 22 DNA helicase genes and genes involved in oxidation-reduction process.
Conclusion: This study suggests that oxidative stress and the aging of cells were involved in the riboflavin over-production in A. gossypii riboflavin over-producing mutant and provides new insights into riboflavin production in A. gossypii and the usefulness of disparity mutagenesis for the creation of new types of mutants for metabolic engineering.
Differential basal expression of immune genes confers Crassostrea gigas resistance to Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome
Authors: Julien de Lorgeril , Petton Bruno , Lucasson Aude , Perez Valérie , Stenger Pierre-Louis , Dégremont Lionel , Montagnani Caroline , Escoubas Jean-Michel , Haffner Philippe , Allienne Jean-François , Leroy Marc , Lagarde Franck , Vidal-Dupiol Jérémie , Gueguen Yannick , Mitta Guillaume 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: As a major threat to the oyster industry, Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS) is a polymicrobial disease affecting the main oyster species farmed across the world. POMS affects oyster juveniles and became panzootic this last decade, but POMS resistance in some oyster genotypes has emerged. While we know some genetic loci associated with resistance, the underlying mechanisms remained uncharacterized. So, we developed a comparative transcriptomic approach using basal gene expression profiles between different oyster biparental families with contrasted phenotypes when confronted to POMS (resistant or susceptible).
Results: We showed that POMS resistant oysters show differential expression of genes involved in stress responses, protein modifications, maintenance of DNA integrity and repair, and immune and antiviral pathways. We found similarities and clear differences among different molecular pathways in the different resistant families. These results suggest that the resistance process is polygenic and partially varies according to the oyster genotype.
Conclusions: We found differences in basal expression levels of genes related to TLR-NFκB, JAK-STAT and STING-RLR pathways. These differences could explain the best antiviral response, as well as the robustness of resistant oysters when confronted to POMS. As some of these genes represent valuable candidates for selective breeding, we propose future studies should further examine their function.
Factors associated with high-risk low-level viremia leading to virologic failure: 16-year retrospective study of a Chinese antiretroviral therapy cohort
Authors: Zhang Tong , Ding Haibo , An Minghui , Wang Xiaonan , Tian Wen , Zhao Bin , Shang Hong , Han Xiaoxu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Low level viremia (LLV) often occurs during antiretroviral therapy (ART) against HIV-1. However, whether LLV increases the risk of virologic failure (VF) is controversial because of the non-uniform definitions of LLV and VF. Methods: A long-term first line regimen ART cohort from 2002–2018 from Shenyang, northeast China, was retrospectively studied. All participants were followed up every 3 to 6 months to evaluate the treatment effect. The high-risk LLV subgroups leading to VF (with strict standards) were explored with Cox proportional hazards model and linear mixed-effect model. The association factors of high-risk LLV were further explored using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 2155 HIV-1 infected participants were included; of these, 38.7% showed LLV. Both high level LLV (HLLV) and any other level LLV coupled with high level blip (HLB) showed higher risk of VF (hazards ratios, HRHLLV=5.93, and HRHLB=2.84, p<0.05 respectively). Moreover, HR increased with prolonged duration of LLV. Independent factors associated with high-risk LLV included the zenith baseline viral load (VL) above 6 log copies/ml (aOR=3.49, p=0.002), nadir baseline CD4+T cell counts below 200 cells/mm3 (aOR=1.78, p=0.011), Manchu (aOR=2.03, p=0.003), ART over 60 months (aOR=1.81, p=0.004), AZT+3TC+NVP (aOR=2.26, p<0.001) or DDI-based regimen (aOR=9.96, p=0.002), and subtype B’ infection (aOR=8.22, p=0.001). Conclusions: In case of VF with strict standards, high-risk LLV leading to VF includes VL above 400 copies/ml, occurring at least once. Serious laboratory indicators or advanced stage of infection, long term ART and subtype B’ infection might also predict the occurrence of high-risk LLV.
Oral rinses in growth inhibition and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Kashyap Dharmendra , Baral Budhadev , Verma Tarun Prakash , Sonkar Charu , Chatterji Debi , Jain Ajay Kumar , Jha Hem Chandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is well-known for its role in chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. Eradication of these carcinogenic bacteria from the gut is one of the challenges for clinicians. The complexity of treatment mainly owes to antibiotic resistance and relapse due to an additional reservoir in the oral cavity. Our study emphases the isolation of H. pylori from distinct habitats of the gut microenvironment (gastric biopsy and gastric juice) and its subsequent characterization. We have also evaluated the effect of various oral rinses on isolated H. pylori from different anatomical locations of included subjects.Results The possible strains isolated from two different habitats of the same subject shows a striking difference in their growth pattern. Promisingly, some of the included oral rinses are efficient in growth inhibition as per recommended 30 sec treatment. The subsequent evaluation shows that oral rinse B (among A-E) is most effective and down-regulates the expression of one of the potent H. pylori gene, CagA, in the infected gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells.Conclusion Our study, for the first time, revealed that H. pylori, isolated from the different habitat of the same subject, show a different growth pattern. The expression of H. pylori pathogenic gene (CagA) was down-regulated by the use of oral rinses. Hence, oral rinses will reduce the H. pylori in the oral cavity and help to control its migration from oral to the gastric compartment and may be used as an adjuvant treatment option for its re-infection.
Higher fatty liver index is associated with increased risk of new onset heart failure in healthy adults: A nationwide population-based study in Korea
Authors: Roh Jae-Hyung , Park Jae-Hyeong , Lee Hanbyul , Yoon Yong-Hoon , Kim Minsu , Kim Yong-Giun , Park Gyung-Min , Lee Jae-Hwan , Seong In-Whan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) is relatively common cardiovascular disease with high mortality and morbidity. Although it is associated with many cardiovascular risk factors, the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease, and HF has not been evaluated in a large-scale cohort study. Thus, we evaluated the ability of the fatty liver Index (FLI), a surrogate marker of NAFLD, to predict the development of HF in healthy individuals.
Methods We evaluated 308,578 healthy persons without comorbidities who underwent the National Health check-ups in the republic of Korea from 2009 to 2014. The association between the FLI and HF was analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional-hazards models.
Results During a median of 5.4 years’ follow-up, 2,532 subjects (0.8%) were newly diagnosed with HF. Subjects were categorized into quartile groups according to FLI (Q1, 0-4.9; Q2, 5.0-12.5; Q3, 12.6-31.0; and Q4, >31.0). The cumulative incidence of HF was significantly higher in subjects with the highest FLI than in those with the lowest FLI (Q1, 307 [0.4%] and Q4, 890 [1.2%]; P<0.001). Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) indicated that the highest FLI was independently associated with an increased risk for HF (HR between Q4 and Q1, 2.709; 95% confidence interval=2.380-3.085; P<0.001). FLI was significantly associated with increased risk of new-onset HF regardless of their baseline characteristics.
Conclusions Higher FLI was independently associated with increased risk of HF in healthy Korean population.
Study on Molecular Immunity Mechanism of Porcine Rotavirus VP6 Proteins expressed in Lactobacillus plantarum NC8
Authors: SHONYELA SERIA , Yang Wentao , Yang Guilian , Wang Chunfeng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Rotaviruses are the main cause of animal and infant diarrhea and are widely distributed worldwide. In the pig industry, porcine rotavirus infection is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity; therefore, the optimization and well-organized distribution of vaccines for infection prevention is needed. The molecularimmunological mechanisms of recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum NC8-pSIP409-pgsA-VP6-Dcpep, NC8-pSIP409-pgsA-VP7-Dcpep and NC8-pSIP409-pgsA-VP6-VP7-Dcpep strains against porcine rotavirus were explored. At 12 h after the co-incubation of L. plantarum expressing rotavirus proteins with BMDCs, the effects of the strains on the differentiation of BMDCs were detected by FCM. The results showed that the recombinant strains could significantly promote the activation of BMDCs. The expression of cytokines in the above cells supernatants were detected by ELISA and the results suggested that the recombinant strains could significantly increase the production of IL-12P70 and inhibit the secretion of IL-6. CD4 + and CD8 + T cells from the spleen of non-immunized mice were sorted and cultured with the above activated BMDCs for 48h, and the expressions of IFN-γ + and perforin in the cells and the contents of IFN-γ in the supernatants were determined by FCM and ELISA, respectively. The results showed that the recombinant strains increased the expression of IFN-γ + (4.33%) ofCD4 + T cells and IFN-γ + (7.68%) and perforin (17.50%) of CD8 + T cells, as well as the secretion of cytokines IFN-γ. The expression of IFN-γ + (P<0.001) and perforin (P<0.001) from VP6/VP7-specific CD8 + T cells of spleen and MLN were detected in vivo and the recombinant groups were significantly increased. Moreover, the recombinant groups significantly promoted the proliferation of T cells in the spleen (P<0.001). Our results confirmed that recombinant recombinant L. plantarum strains can effectively induce cellular immune response.
Prescribing antidepressants and anxiolytic medications to pregnant women: The perception of risk of foetal teratogenicity amongst Australian specialists and trainees
Authors: Williams Summer , Bruxner George , Ballard Emma , Kothari Alka 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The decision of whether to prescribe antidepressants (AD) and anxiolytics (AX) to pregnant women is complex, with serious potential ramifications. Clinicians’ perception of the risk of teratogenicity significantly influences their prescribing decisions and in turn impacts maternal decision making. Our study sought to discern differences in perceived risk between Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (O&Gs) and General Practitioners (GPs) when prescribing these medications in pregnancy. Furthermore, we investigated factors impacting perception, clinicians’ willingness to prescribe and their approach to provision of patient information. Methods: This study was conducted via a nation-wide online SurveyMonkey extended to Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG) database-derived affiliates: GP diplomates, fellows and trainees (5409 survey invitations: 545 respondents). Descriptive statistics were used to present responses for clinicians overall and separately for GPs and O&Gs. Results: GPs reported higher rates of being aware of up-to-date medication prescription recommendations (57.6%) compared with O&Gs (44.2%). GPs also reported higher rates of training adequacy in psychotropic prescription (56.1% versus 29.0%). There was evidence to suggest GPs level of confidence in knowledge base, initiation and prescription of antidepressants and anxiolytics was higher than those of O&Gs. The mean perception of patient non-compliance was similar between clinician groups (approximately 35%), but GPs perceived the extent of patient anxiety as higher (mean 73.7% (SD 21.3) compared to O&Gs (mean 63.1% (SD 24.1)). Both groups showed a strong preference for improved training rather than patient-focused technology (above 70% for both groups). Conclusion: Further development of clinician training in perinatal psychotropic prescription is warranted. Keywords : psychotropics, teratogenicity, pregnant, prescribing, foetal, perception
Physical Activity and Sleep Differences Between Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Non-Arthritic Samples in China: Comparing Objective Measures versus Self-Reports
Authors: Xu Ting , Jia Xiaojun , Chen Shuanghong , Xie Yingying , Tong K.K. , Iezzi Tony , Jackson Todd 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background and ObjectivesObjectively-measured differences in physical activity (PA) and sleep have been documented in osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) samples compared to non-arthritic controls. However, it is not clear whether (1) OA and RA subgroups also differ on these indexes or (2) the extent to which distinct arthritis subgroups versus controls can be accurately identified on the basis of objective PA and sleep indexes compared to self-report measures. This study addressed these gaps.MethodsGender- and age-equated Chinese adults diagnosed with OA (29 women, 11 men) and RA (29 women, 11 men) as well as non-arthritic controls (29 women, 11 men) wore a Sensewear Armband (SWA) for 7 days to obtain objective PA and sleep data in addition to completing complementary, widely-used self-report measures.ResultsThere were no differences between the three groups on any of the 13 self-report PA and sleep indexes completed. Conversely, OA and RA subgroups displayed significantly lower PA levels and more sleep problems than controls did on a majority of SWA indexes, though arthritis subgroups were not differentiated from one another on these measures. Based on non-multicolinear SWA indexes (steps, moderate activity, vigorous activity, time awake after sleep onset), 75 - 82.5% of arthritis subgroup members were correctly identified while accuracy rates were attenuated for controls.ConclusionsWhere possible, objective measures should be used to assess PA and sleep of OA and RA patients while particular self-report PA questionnaires should be avoided.
Transcriptomic analysis of the Echinococcus granulosus protoscolex in the encystation process
Authors: Fan Junjie , Wu Hongye , Li Kai , Liu Xunuo , Tan Qingqing , Cao Wenqiao , Li Xiang , Liao Peng , Liang Bo , Ye Bin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBack ground: Echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis and in humans it occurs as a result of infection by the larva of Echinococcus granulosus . CE is seriously affects the development of animal husbandry and endangers human health. Due to the lack of in-depth understanding of the cystic fluid formation pathway, prevention and treatment of CE have been lack of innovative methods. Result: High throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of protoscoleces (PSCs) in the encystation process of total three biological replicates for each period on 0d, 10d, 20d, 40d and 80d were analyzed. The results demonstrated, a total of 32,401 transcripts and 14,903 genes, including numbers new genes, new transcript, stage-specific genes and differently expression genes (DEGs). Genes encoding proteins involved in several signaling pathways, such as putative G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), tyrosine kinases and serine/threonine protein kinase were predominantly up-regulated during encystation process of PSCs. Moreover, three major antioxidant proteins of PSCs were identified, and these proteins demonstrated have a high expression level, including cytochrome c oxidase, thioredoxin glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase. Intriguingly, The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis suggested that up-regulated DEGs involved in the vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption metabolic pathway might play important roles in the protein, carbohydrate, and other substances transport. Conclusions: The present study carried out the transcriptomic analysis of the encystation process of E. granulosus PCSs, which provide valuable information for the mechanism of cystic fluid formation during the encystation process. These results provide a basis and reference for further studies for investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in PSC growth and development. Keywords: Echinococcus granulosus , Encystation process, Differentially expressed genes, Protoscolex, RNA-seq
Behavioral Sensitization Induced by Methamphetamine Causes Differential Alterations in Gene Expression and Histone Acetylationin of Prefrontal Cortex in the Rat
Authors: Li Hui , Chen Jing-An , Ding Qian-Zhi , Lu Guan-Yi , Wu Ning , Su Rui-Bin , Li Fei , Li Jin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine (METH) is one of the most widely abused illicit substances around the world, unfortunately its addiction mechanism remains unclear. Increasing evidences indicate that the change of gene expression and the involvement of chromatin modifications might be related with the lasting effects of METH on the brain. In the study, we took advantage of METH-induced behavioral sensitization as the animal model that reflects some aspects of drug addiction, and examined the transcription and histone acetylation changes in gene expression in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adult rats.

METHODS: We conducted the mRNA microarray and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled to DNA microarrays (ChIP-chip) analysis to test and screen the transcriptional changes and histone acetylation modifications. The functional-enrichment analysis including Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed to analyze the diﬀerential expression genes. We then further identified the alterations of ANP32A (Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein-32A) and POU3F2 (The POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 2) by real-time PCR and ChIP-PCR assay.

RESULTS: In the rat model of METH-induced behavioral sensitization, challenge of METH caused 275 differentially expressed genes and a number of hyperacetylations (821 genes in H3 acetylation and 10 genes in H4 acetylation). We further tested the alteration of ANP32A and POU3F2 in transcription and histone acetylation at the different periods of this model, and revealed that histone acetylation modifications contributed to mRNA change of the genes expression caused by METH induced-behavioural sensitization while not by METH acute treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: the present results revealed an amount of alteration in transcription and histone acetylation in rat PFC by the exposure of METH, and provided the evidence that the modifications of histone acetylation is contributed to the alteration of the genes expression caused by METH-induced behavioural sensitization.
Longitudinal Impacts of an Online Safety and Health Intervention for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ford-Gilboe Marilyn , Varcoe Colleen , Scott-Storey Kelly , Perrin Nancy , Wuest Judith , Wathen C. Nadine , Case James , Glass Nancy 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Responding to intimate partner violence (IPV) and its consequences is made complex by women’s diverse needs, priorities and contexts. Tailored online IPV interventions that account for differences among women have potential to reduce barriers to support and improve key outcomes.
Methods: Double blind randomized controlled trial of 462 Canadian adult women who experienced recent IPV randomly were assigned to receive either a tailored, interactive online safety and health intervention (iCAN Plan 4 Safety) or a static, non-tailored version of this tool. Primary (depressive symptoms, PTSD symptoms) and secondary (helpfulness of safety actions, confidence in safety planning, mastery, social support, experiences of coercive control, and decisional conflict) outcomes were measured at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months later via online surveys. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to test for differences in outcomes by study arm. Differential effects of the tailored intervention for 4 strata of women were examined using effect sizes. Exit survey process evaluation data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests and conventional content analysis.
Results: Women in both tailored and non-tailored groups improved over time on primary outcomes of depression (p<.001) and PTSD (p<.001) and on all secondary outcomes. Changes over time did not differ by study arm. Women in both groups reported high levels of benefit, safety and accessibility of the online interventions, with low risk of harm, although those completing the tailored intervention were more positive about fit and helpfulness. Importantly, the tailored intervention had greater positive effects for 4 groups of women, those: with children under 18 living at home; reporting more severe violence; living in medium-sized and large urban centers; and not living with a partner.
Conclusion: This trial extends evidence about the effectiveness of online safety and health interventions for women experiencing IPV to Canadian women and provides a contextualized understanding about intervention processes and effects useful for future refinement and scale up. The differential effects of the tailored intervention found for specific subgroups support the importance of attending to diverse contexts and needs. iCAN is a promising intervention that can complement resources available to Canadian women experiencing IPV.