bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in irradiance and vapour pressure deficit under drought induce distinct stomatal dynamics between glasshouse and field‐grown poplars
Authors: Durand Maxime , Brendel Oliver , Buré Cyril , Le Thiec Didier 
Published: March 2020

Summary

Recent research has shown that plant acclimation to diverse patterns of light intensity modifies the dynamics of their stomatal response. Therefore, whether plants are grown in controlled conditions or in the field may impact their stomatal dynamics.

We analysed the stomatal dynamics of two Populus euramericana and two Populus nigra genotypes grown in the field under contrasting water availability. By comparing their stomatal dynamics with that of the same genotypes grown in a glasshouse, we were able to test whether differences between these growing conditions interacted with genotypic differences in affecting stomatal dynamics and responses to soil water deficit.

We found that, despite higher stomatal density and smaller size, in the field stomatal dynamics were much slower than in the glasshouse. Overall, differences among genotypes and their response to soil water deficit were much less pronounced in the field compared with the glasshouse.

These results indicate that stomatal dynamics are regulated by both genotype‐specific and environmental factors. Moreover, having slower stomata may be advantageous under some conditions. While stomatal dynamics were linked with whole‐plant transpiration per leaf area in both experiments, the contribution of stomatal morphology varies dependent on the environmental conditions.
Infectious complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for primary immunodeficiency in children: A multicenter nationwide study
Authors: Zając‐Spychała Olga , Zaucha‐Prażmo Agnieszka , Zawitkowska Joanna , Wachowiak Jacek , Kowalczyk Jerzy R. , Frączkiewicz Jowita , Salamonowicz Malgorzata , Kałwak Krzysztof , Gorczyńska Ewa , Chybicka Alicja , Czyżewski Krzysztof , Dziedzic Magdalena , Wysocki Mariusz , Zalas‐Więcek Patrycja , Goździk Jolanta , Styczyński Jan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this nationwide study was to evaluate the characteristics of bacterial infections (BI), invasive fungal disease (IFD), and viral infections (VI) in pediatric patients with PID after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT).Patients and methodsIn total, 114 HSCT recipients were enrolled into the study. At least one infectious complication (IC) was diagnosed in 60 (52.6%) patients aged 0.1‐17.7 years, that is, 59.5% with SCID and 49.4% with non‐SCID.ResultsAmong 60 HSCT recipients diagnosed with at least one IC, 188 episodes of infectious complications (EIC) were recorded, that is, 46.8% of BI, 41.5% of VI, and 11.7% of proven/probable IFD. According to PID and HSCT donor type, the incidence of EIC was comparable (P = .679). The localization of infections differed significantly due to PID type (P = .002). After each HSCT donor type, the most common site of infection was GI. Overall, BI caused by Gram‐positive strains (59.1%) were prevalent, especially Staphylococcaceae. The multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogens were diagnosed in 52.3%, especially ESBL + Enterobacteriaceae. The profile of VI was comparable for SCID and non‐SCID patients (P = .839). The incidence of IFD was comparable for each PID and HSCT donor type. Survival after infection was 91.5% and was comparable for PID and HSCT donor type.ConclusionsThe rate of patients diagnosed with IC among pediatric PID‐HSCT recipients did not depend on PID type, but rather on HSCT donor type. The localization of IC depended on PID and HSCT donor type. Within bacterial infections, predominated Gram‐positive strains and the MDR pathogens were responsible for more than half of EIC.
Consciousness in sleep: How findings from sleep and dream research challenge our understanding of sleep, waking, and consciousness
Authors: Windt Jennifer M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSleep is phenomenologically rich, teeming with different kinds of conscious thought and experience. Dreaming is the most prominent example, but there is more to conscious experience in sleep than dreaming. Especially in non‐rapid eye movement sleep, conscious experience, sometimes dreamful, sometimes dreamless, also alternates with a loss of consciousness. Yet while dreaming has become established as a topic for interdisciplinary consciousness science and empirically informed philosophy of mind, the same is not true of other kinds of sleep‐related experience, nor is it true of sleep itself. I argue that this is a mistake. Conscious experience in sleep is more diverse than dreaming and we need to explain its different forms as well as the alternation between conscious and unconscious sleep states. We also need to ask how different kinds of sleep‐related experience relate to foundational issues about sleep and wakefulness as well as sleep stages. I survey recent findings and theoretical developments from sleep and dream research to show how the traditional view of sleep and its relation to wakefulness and consciousness is flawed. I then suggest that by refining our frameworks of sleep‐related experiences and sleep staging in tandem, we can work toward a better view. As we are only beginning to understand the diversity of consciousness in sleep, an important aim is programmatic: We need a philosophy of sleep and of consciousness in sleep, not just a philosophy of dreaming, and a future theory of sleep needs to integrate phenomenological considerations with neuroscientific and behavioral evidence. Working toward such a theory will radically transform our understanding of sleep, wakefulness, and our conscious minds.
Language contexts modulate instant empathic responses to others’ pain
Authors: Wu Yan Jing , Liu Yang , Yao Manlin , Li Xiaoyun , Peng Weiwei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmpathy for others’ pain plays a critical role in human social interactions, but the influence of language contexts remains unclear. We examined the foreign‐language effect on the behavioral and the underlying neural processes of empathy for others’ pain. Chinese–English bilinguals performed a pain empathy task separately in Chinese (native language) and English (foreign language) contexts while event‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Results showed that bilingual participants reported greater ratings of perceived pain intensity in response to the observation of others’ pain in the English as compared to the Chinese context. When comparing the brain responses to painful stimuli with those to non‐painful stimuli, a significant empathic response in the early ERP component (N1) was found only in the English, but not in the Chinese context. Empathic response in the P3 component was larger when bilingual participants performed the task in English as compared to Chinese. However, empathic response in the late positive potential (LPP) was comparable between these two language contexts. Furthermore, spontaneous fronto‐central α‐oscillation power recorded prior to the onset of empathic stimuli was significantly lower in the foreign language as compared to the native‐language context. These findings demonstrated a foreign‐language effect on both the automatic affective sharing and the top‐down cognitive evaluation processes of empathy for others’ pain. This effect is most likely to be the result of altered brain states, involving increased vigilance and arousal level when bilingual individuals function in a foreign‐language context.
Effect of renal replacement therapy modalities on renal recovery and mortality for acute kidney injury: A PRISMA‐compliant systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Chen Yifei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrevious investigations showed inconsistent results for comparison in renal recovery, in‐hospital, and in‐intensive care unit (ICU) mortalities between acute kidney injury (AKI) patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and some kinds of intermittent renal replacement therapies (IRRTs). We systematically searched for articles published in the databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, and Google Scholar) until June 2019. We made all statistical analysis using STATA 12.0 software. In the present meta‐analysis, relative risks with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for binary outcomes (renal recovery status or mortality). The present study indicated no significant differences in renal recovery, in‐hospital mortality, and in‐ICU mortality between AKI patients given CRRT and those given sustained low‐efficiency dialysis (SLED). Additionally, the study showed no significant difference in in‐hospital mortality between AKI patients given CRRT and those given intermittent hemodialysis (IHD), whereas elevated in‐ICU mortality was detected in AKI patients given CRRT, compared to those given IHD. The three modalities (CRRT, IHD, and SLED) have their own advantages and disadvantages. More rigorous trials design with large cohort should be made to explore the differences in renal recovery, in‐hospital, and in‐ICU mortalities between different kinds of RRTs.
A molecular phylogeny of Glaphyridae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): evolution of pollination and association with ‘Poppy guild’ flowers
Authors: Sabatinelli Guido , Eberle Jonas , Fabrizi Silvia , Ahrens Dirk 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAmong Scarabaeoidea, pollen feeding occurs in two major lineages, pleurostict Scarabaeidae and Glaphyridae. Here we infer for the first time the phylogeny of the scarabaeoid lineage Glaphyridae (Coleoptera) based on molecular data using partial gene sequences for 28S rRNA, cytochrome oxidase I (cox1) and 16S rRNA (rrnL) for 41 species. Based on the resulting tree topology, we inferred the timing of the origin of pollination and of their coevolution with different flower host taxa, with particular focus on the prominent red‐coloured ‘poppy guild’ flowers. All genera of Glaphyridae that were sampled with multiple species were recovered as monophyletic. According to this analysis, the origin of Glaphyridae was around 140 Ma, while crown group divergence was dated to have occurred c. 112 Ma. Pollen feeding originated in Glaphyridae only once and much later than in other important pollinator groups, between 97 and 67 Ma. According to the reconstruction of ancestral feeding traits, Asteraceae (Cicharioidae) were the first hosts of Glaphyridae. Presumably, a further adaptive radiation was triggered by feeding on and pollination of red flowers (poppy guild) which arose at a later stage. It occurred for the first time between 30 and 40 Ma, whereby the clades that use red Ranunculaceae (Pygopleurus spp.) are older than clades using exclusively red Papaveraceae (Eulasia spp.) (25–30 Ma). The rather young age of red Ranunculaceae would imply that Pygopleurus species only subsequently used red Ranunculus species as flower hosts, and that a broad parallel host shift probably from red Papaver spp. to red Ranunculus asiaticus has occurred rather recently.
Comparison of central visual sensitivity between monocular and binocular testing in advanced glaucoma patients using imo perimetry
Authors: Kumagai Tomoyuki , Shoji Takuhei , Yoshikawa Yuji , Mine Izumi , Kanno Junji , Ishii Hirokazu , Saito Akane , Ishikawa Sho , Kimura Itaru , Shinoda Kei 
Published: March 2020

Background/AimThis study aimed to compare central visual sensitivity under monocular and binocular conditions in patients with glaucoma using the new imo static perimetry.MethodsFifty-one consecutive eyes of 51 patients with open-angle glaucoma who were affected with at least one significant point in the central 10° were examined in this cross-sectional study. Monocular and binocular random single-eye tests were performed using the imo perimeter and the Humphrey field analyser (HFA) 24-2 and 10-2 tests. The eyes were assigned to ‘better’ and ‘worse’ categories based on the visual acuity and central visual thresholding. Central visual sensitivity results obtained by monocular, binocular random single-eye tests and binocular simultaneous both eye test were compared.ResultsThe average mean deviation with the HFA 24-2 was −5.5 (–1.5, –14.6) dB (median, (IQR)) in the better eyes and −18.0 (–12.9, –23.8) dB in the worse eyes. The mean sensitivity in the central 4 points of the visual field (VF) of the worse eyes was lower when measured under the binocular eye condition than under the monocular condition. Conversely, this value of the better eyes was greater when measured under the binocular eye condition than under the monocular condition.ConclusionsThe central sensitivity of the better eyes was better and that of the worse eyes poorer with binocular testing than with monocular testing in patients with glaucoma. Although monocular VF testing is still the most straightforward means to monocularly monitor glaucoma at clinical settings, binocular testing, such as provided with imo perimetry, may be a useful clinical tool to predict the effect of VF impairments on a patient’s quality of visual life.
Improved localisation and discrimination of heat emitting household objects with the artificial vision therapy system by integration with thermal sensor
Authors: Montezuma Sandra R , Sun Susan Y , Roy Arup , Caspi Avi , Dorn Jessy D , He Yingchen 
Published: March 2020

AimTo demonstrate the potential clinically meaningful benefits of a thermal camera integrated with the Argus II, an artificial vision therapy system, for assisting Argus II users in localising and discriminating heat-emitting objects.MethodsSeven blind patients implanted with Argus II retinal prosthesis participated in the study. Two tasks were investigated: (1) localising up to three heat-emitting objects by indicating the location of the objects and (2) discriminating a specific heated object out of three presented on a table. Heat-emitting objects placed on a table included a toaster, a flat iron, an electric kettle, a heating pad and a mug of hot water. Subjects completed the two tasks using the unmodified Argus II system with a visible-light camera and the thermal camera-integrated Argus II.ResultsSubjects more accurately localised heated objects displayed on a table (p=0.011) and discriminated a specific type of object (p=0.005) presented with the thermal camera integrated with the Argus II versus the unmodified Argus II camera.ConclusionsThe thermal camera integrated with the artificial vision therapy system helps users to locate and differentiate heat-emitting objects more precisely than a visible light sensor. The integration of the thermal camera with the Argus II may have significant benefits in patients’ daily life.
Identification of TIE2 as a susceptibility gene for neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
Authors: Chen Zhen Ji , Ma Li , Brelen Marten E , Chen Haoyu , Tsujikawa Motokazu , Lai Timothy Y , Ho Mary , Sayanagi Kaori , Hara Chikako , Hashida Noriyasu , Tam Pancy OS , Young Alvin L , Nishida Kohji , Tham Clement C , Pang Chi Pui , Chen Li Jia 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe endothelial and cell-specific angiopoietin-Tie pathway plays an important regulatory role in angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the associations of the TIE2 (tyrosine kinase, endothelial, TEK) gene with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), using haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis.MethodsThis study involved totally 2343 subjects, including a Hong Kong Chinese cohort (214 nAMD patients, 236 PCV patients and 433 control subjects), a Shantou Chinese cohort (189 nAMD patients, 187 PCV patients and 531 control subjects) and an Osaka Japanese cohort (192 nAMD patients, 204 PCV patients and 157 control subjects). Thirty haplotype-tagging SNPs in TIE2 were genotyped in the Hong Kong cohort using TaqMan technology. Two SNPs (rs625767 and rs2273717) showing association in the Hong Kong cohort were genotyped in the Shantou and Osaka cohorts. The SNP-disease association of individual and pooled cohorts were analysed.ResultsTwo SNPs (rs625767 and rs2273717) showed suggestive association with both nAMD and PCV in the Hong Kong cohort. In the meta-analysis involving all the three cohorts, rs625767 showed significant associations with nAMD (p=0.01; OR=0.82, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.96; I2=0%), PCV (p=0.02; OR=0.83, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.97; I2=27%) and pooled nAMD and PCV (p=0.002; OR=0.82, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.93; I2=0%), with low inter-cohort heterogeneities.ConclusionThis study revealed TIE2 as a novel susceptibility gene for nAMD and PCV in Japanese and Chinese. Further studies in other populations are warranted to confirm its role.
Forty-two years of responding to Ebola virus outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review
Authors: Rugarabamu Sima , Mboera Leonard , Rweyemamu Mark , Mwanyika Gaspary , Lutwama Julius , Paweska Janusz , Misinzo Gerald 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionEbola virus disease (EVD) is one of the deadliest haemorrhagic fevers affecting humans and non-human primates. Thirty-four outbreaks have been reported in Africa since it was first recognised in 1976. This review analysed 42 years of EVD outbreaks and identified various challenges and opportunities for its control and prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsA literature search of relevant articles on EVD was done in PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar electronic databases. Articles published from 1976 to 2019 were reviewed to document reports of EVD outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa. Data extraction focused on the year of outbreak, geographical spread, virus strain involved, number of cases and deaths, case fatality, and outbreak management. Analyses of trends in case fatality were performed by calculating ORs between times.ResultsIn the past four decades, a total of 34 EVD outbreaks affecting 34 356 cases and causing 14 823 deaths were reported in 11 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The overall case fatality rate (95% CI) was 66% (62 to 71) and did not change substantially over time (OR in 2019 vs 1976=1.6 (95% CI 1.5 to 1.8), p<0.001). The results of this review indicate that challenges to control EVD outbreaks are related to epidemiological, sociocultural and health system factors.ConclusionsSub-Saharan Africa continues to face considerable challenges in EVD control, whereby there are no significant changes in case fatality rates observed during the past four decades. Socioeconomic and cultural processes need to be critically considered to shape the community behaviours that lead to exposure to EVD outbreaks. Areas that need to be addressed to prevent future EVD outbreaks include a broad-based, one-health approach, effective communication, social mobilisation, and strengthening of the health systems.
Designing new diagnostic systems for the early detection of tobacco-associated chronic renal damage in patients of a primary care centre in Salamanca, Spain: an observational, prospective study protocol
Authors: Prieto Marta , Vicente-Vicente Laura , Casanova Alfredo G , Hernández-Sánchez Maria Teresa , Gomez-Marcos Manuel A , Garcia-Ortiz Luis , Morales Ana Isabel 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionTobacco causes kidney damage that can progress to chronic kidney disease. However, the diagnostic parameters used in clinics are not effective in identifying smokers at risk. Our first objective is to more effectively detect subclinical renal damage in smokers. In addition, we hypothesise that tobacco consumption can predispose smokers to renal damage on exposure to other potentially nephrotoxic events (drugs, diagnostic procedures and so on). We will test this hypothesis in our second objective by investigating whether certain predisposition markers (GM2 ganglioside activator protein (GM2AP), transferrin and t-gelsolin) are able to detect smokers who are predisposed to kidney damage. Finally, in our third objective, we will study whether smoking cessation reduces subclinical and/or predisposition to renal damage.Methods and analysisFor our first objective, a prospective cross-sectional study will be carried out with patients from a primary healthcare centre. The influence of tobacco on renal damage, in patients both with and without additional risk factors, will be studied using a panel of early biomarkers (albuminuria, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin). For our second objective, a prospective longitudinal study will be carried out with patients recruited for our first objective. We will study whether certain predisposition biomarkers (GM2AP, transferrin and t-gelsolin) are able to detect smokers predisposed to renal damage. For our third objective, a prospective longitudinal study will be carried out with patients from a smoking cessation unit. We will study the evolution of the markers described above following smoking cessation.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Healthcare Area of Salamanca. All study participants will sign an informed consent form in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the WHO standards for observational studies. Results will be presented at conferences and submitted to peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT03850756.
‘French LARS score’: validation of the French version of the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score for measuring bowel dysfunction after sphincter-preserving surgery among rectal cancer patients: a study protocol
Authors: Eid Yassine , Bouvier Véronique , Dejardin Olivier , Menahem Benjamin , Chaillot Fabien , Chene Yannick , Dutheil Jean Jacques , Juul Therese , Morello Rémy , Alves Arnaud 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionMany bowel problems following low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer considerably impair the quality of life (QoL) of patients. The LAR syndrome (LARS) scale is a self-report questionnaire to identify and assess bowel dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery. It has been translated and validated in several languages but not in French (metropolitan French). The primary objective is to adapt the LARS scale to the French language (called French-LARS score) and to assess its psychometric properties. Secondary objectives are to assess both the prevalence and severity of LARS and to measure their impact on QoL.Methods and analysisA French multicentre observational cohort study has been designed. The validation study will include translation of the LARS scale following the current international recommendations, assessment of its reliability, convergent and discriminant validities, sensitivity, internal consistency, internal validity and confirmatory analyses. One thousand patients will be enrolled for the analyses. The questionnaire will be initially administered to the first 100 patients to verify the adequacy and degree of comprehension of the questions. Then reproducibility will be investigated by a test–retest procedure in the following 400 patients.An analysis will be conducted to determine the correlation between the LARS score and the Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ; European Organization for Treatment and Research of Cancer’s QLQ-C30, QLQ-CR29). Risk factors linked to QoL deterioration will be identified and their impact will be measured. This study will meet the need for a validated tool to improve patient care and QoL.Ethics and disseminationThe institutional review board of the University Hospital of Caen and the ethics committee (CPP Nord Ouest I, 25 January 2019) approved the study.Trial registration numberNCT03569488.