bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergent Domino Cyclization: Oxidative [3+1+1] Annulation for One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Quinoline‐4,5‐diaryl‐oxazoles from Methyl Azaarenes, Benzoins and NH4OAc
Authors: Liang Fei‐Fei , Liu Kai‐Xuan , Zhao Cong , Shang Zhi‐Hao , Kong Hong‐Mei , Yin Ya‐Qing , Zhu Yan‐Ping , Sun Yuan‐Yuan , Yao Jian‐Wen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn oxidative [3+1+1] convergent domino cyclization is disclosed. This protocol enables to get quinoline, quinoxaline, quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one and benzo[d]thiazole attached 2,4,5‐trisubstituted oxazoles from methyl azaarenes, benzoins, and NH4OAc in the presence of iodine and molecular sieves without any metal catalyst. The reaction features wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, mild reaction conditions, and easily available substrates.
Optimization of fuzzy control energy management strategy for fuel cell vehicle power system using a multi‐islandgenetic algorithm
Authors: Zhao Zhen , Wang Tie , Li Meng , Wang Heng , Wang Yiquan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnergy storage system can be used to increase the fuel economy of fuel cell system (FCS). In this study, a new method was introduced for optimizing the energy management strategy (EMS) for fuel cell vehicle (FCV) to reduce fuel consumption. The membership function (MF) in fuzzy control is subjective; thus, 12 design variables in the input‐output MFs were selected using sensitivity analysis, and elliptical basis function neural network method was used to establish a high‐precision approximate model of FCV. Multi‐island genetic algorithm was used to optimize the MFs. The effectiveness of the optimized fuzzy control EMS and the proposed optimization method were demonstrated in simulations of two EMSs under four driving cycles. The simulation results confirmed that the optimized fuzzy control EMS provided smoother and more stable output power from FCS reducing hydrogen consumption by 8.4%, 1.1%, 5.1%, and 7.6%, respectively, compared to the original fuzzy control EMS; and hydrogen saved by the optimized EMS provided extra range of 9.15, 1.10, 5.37, and 8.25 km per 100 km in the four driving cycles, respectively. The optimized EMS can reduce hydrogen consumption to increase fuel economy and extend the life span of the fuel cell.
Design, optimization and safety assessment of energy storage: A case study of large‐scale solar in Malaysia
Authors: Khan Mohammed Abdul Mujeeb , Go Yun Ii 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMalaysia signed the Paris Agreement in 2015 and committed to reduce the greenhouse gases emission up to 45% by 2030. Various large‐scale solar (LSS) projects are in operation and planned for the next decade to meet the national target of 20% renewable energy among energy mix by 2025. Major issues faced in LSS integration are the fluctuations in supply due to intermittency and inability to meet the demand during night hours. An optimized large energy storage system could overcome these challenges. In this project, a power system which includes a large‐scale energy storage system is developed based on the maturity of technology, levelized cost of electricity and efficiency and so on, to meet the demands of electricity generation in Malaysia. In addition, a financial analysis of the proposed storage system is carried out by comparing with a baseline study without energy storage. To develop a more realistic solution, the environmental aspect including safety and location dependency are taken into consideration. The proposed model for the LSS can be replicated in nations with similar geographical conditions and energy target.
Global adaptation complicates the interpretation of genome scans for local adaptation
Authors: Booker Tom R. , Yeaman Sam , Whitlock Michael C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpatially varying selection promotes variance in allele frequencies, increasing genetic differentiation between the demes of a metapopulation. For that reason, outliers in the genome-wide distribution of summary statistics measuring genetic differentiation, such as FST, are often interpreted as evidence for alleles that contribute to local adaptation. However, theoretical studies have shown that in spatially structured populations the spread of beneficial mutations with spatially uniform fitness effects can also induce transient genetic differentiation. In recent years, numerous empirical studies have suggested that such species-wide, or global, adaptation makes a substantial contribution to molecular evolution. In this perspective, we discuss how commonly such global adaptation may influence the genome-wide distribution of FST and generate genetic differentiation patterns, which could be mistaken for local adaptation. To illustrate this, we use forward-in-time population genetic simulations assuming parameters for the rate and strength of beneficial mutations consistent with estimates from natural populations. We demonstrate that the spread of globally beneficial mutations in parapatric populations may frequently generate FST outliers, which could be misinterpreted as evidence for local adaptation. The spread of beneficial mutations causes selective sweeps at flanking sites, so in some cases, the effects of global versus local adaptation may be distinguished by examining patterns of nucleotide diversity within and between populations in addition to FST. However, when local adaptation has been only recently established, it may be much more difficult to distinguish from global adaptation, due to less accumulation of linkage disequilibrium at flanking sites. Through our discussion, we conclude that a large fraction of FST outliers that are presumed to arise from local adaptation may instead be due to global adaptation.
Increased rate of recurrence and high rate of salvage in patients with human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with adverse features treated with primary surgery without recommended adjuvant therapy
Authors: Carey Ryan M. , Shimunov David , Weinstein Gregory S. , Cannady Steven B. , Lukens John N. , Lin Alexander , Swisher‐McClure Samuel , Bauml Joshua M. , Aggarwal Charu , Cohen Roger B. , Newman Jason G. , Chalian Ara A. , Rassekh Christopher H. , Basu Devraj , O'Malley Bert W. , Rajasekaran Karthik , Brody Robert M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSome patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) do not receive guideline‐recommended postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) following primary transoral robotic surgery (TORS).MethodsThree‐hundred and sixty‐four patients with treatment‐naïve, HPV‐associated OPSCC were recommended to receive PORT based on clinicopathological features following TORS. Patients were stratified based on if they received PORT. Oncologic outcomes were compared.ResultsThe 3‐year locoregional failure (LRF) was 32% in patients who did not receive PORT and 4% in patients who received PORT (P < .001). Despite increased LRF, avoiding PORT was not associated with increased 3‐year distant metastasis rates (8% vs 4%, P = .56) or worse 3‐year survival (95% vs 98%, P = .34). Recurrences in the surgery alone cohort varied between local and regional sites and were often successfully salvaged.ConclusionsPatients with HPV‐associated OPSCC who do not receive indicated PORT have an increased risk of LRF but similar survival due to high salvage rates.
“They’re the Ones Who Hold the Answers”: Exploring Educators’ and Students’ Conceptions of Academic Conversation
Authors: Meston Heather M. , Phillips Galloway Emily , McClain Janna Brown 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeful academic conversation engages students as active agents in the process of making meaning from text, negotiating perspectives, and achieving mutual understanding. However, educators often report difficulties in engaging students in talk‐based pedagogies. This concern can be partially addressed by ensuring that students and teachers have similar understandings regarding the purposes of academic conversation. Here, we examine the conceptions of academic conversation held by middle‐school students and their teachers, revealing areas of convergence and divergence in the perspectives held by youth and their educators regarding the purposes of academic conversation and students’ roles in these discussions. With direct relevance to instructional practice, we provide suggestions for making these understandings visible and reconciling divergent views.
A review on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and kidney injury
Authors: Gu Ming , Mei Xiang‐Lin , Zhao Ya‐Nan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is inevitable external life support in case of cardiac and respiratory failure since the 1970s. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and the requirement of renal replacement therapy (RRT) is a potential risk among these patients. This review aims to give an overview of the risk of AKI, RRT, and associated mortality among the patients who received ECMO for any of its indications. PubMed database was searched to find the relevant literature and the reference list of included studies was also searched for additional studies. The incidence of AKI ranged from 30% to 78% and RRT from 47% to 60% in ECMO patients. The pathophysiology of AKI in ECMO is multifactorial, and includes ischaemia, RBCs breakdown, comorbidity, conversion of zymogen form of pro‐inflammatory mediators, structural alteration of the kidney, coadministration of nephrotoxic drugs, coagulation abnormality, and oxidative stress. ECMO was associated with the higher incidence of renal abnormalities, AKI, requirement of RRT, and associated mortality. Patients who underwent RRT had improved renal function and reduced overall mortality compared to the non‐RRT group among the ECMO patients. Currently, there is no consensus evidence to support the superior use of the inline hemofilter system over continuous renal replacement therapy among patients who had AKI during ECMO.
Right renal angiomyolipoma with intracardiac extension and pulmonary embolism
Authors: Wang Dan , Liu Manwei , Li Yuman , Xie Mingxing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAngiomyolipoma is the most common benign mesenchymal neoplasm of the kidney. Despite its benign nature, it may, in rare instances, invade the inferior vena cava and right cardiac chambers. A tumor thrombus in the pulmonary artery is an extremely rare but potentially fatal complication. We report a rare case of 53‐year‐old woman showing a right renal angiomyolipoma with intracardiac extension and pulmonary embolism. The patient underwent open radical right nephrectomy and thrombectomy of the inferior vena cava and pulmonary artery. Our case highlights that close attention to these complications is important to determine the surgical plan.
A measles outbreak in Kansai International Airport, Japan, 2016: Analysis of the quantitative difference and infectivity of measles virus between patients who are immunologically naive versus those with secondary vaccine failure
Authors: Kurata Takako , Yamamoto Seiji P. , Nishimura Hiroshi , Yumisashi Takahiro , Motomura Kazushi , Kinoshita Masaru 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSince the elimination of the measles virus, patients with vaccination records for the measles‐containing vaccine have increased in Japan. According to several studies, the transmission risk from previously immunized patients, especially those with secondary vaccine failure (SVF), is lower than that from those with primary measles infections. Immunological features of SVF were identified per specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) induction with high avidity and high plaque reduction neutralization antibody concentration. However, the virological features of SVF have not been well investigated. To examine not only immunological but also virological differences between SVF and immunologically naive patients, throat swabs and blood and urine specimens of 25 patients with confirmed measles infection after an outbreak at the Kansai International Airport in 2016 were analyzed. Patients were categorized as naive (n = 3) or with SVF (n = 22) based on measles‐specific IgG antibody concentrations and their avidity. Virus isolation and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction were performed to quantify the viral load in clinical specimens and estimate the infectivity in each specimen. The number of viral genome copies in the blood specimens of those with SVF was significantly different and approximately 1 out of 100 of that in immunologically naive patients. However, genome copy numbers in throat swabs and urine specimens were not significantly different between the groups. The virus was isolated only from those in the naive group. Our study indicated low transmission risk of the virus in patients with SVF.
Performance evaluation of antibody tests for detecting infant respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: Jadhao Samadhan J. , Ha Binh , McCracken Courtney , Gebretsadik Tebeb , Rosas‐Salazar Christian , Chappell James , Das Suman , Hartert Tina , Anderson Larry J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of respiratory tract disease in young children and throughout life. Infant infection is also associated with later respiratory morbidity including asthma. With a prospective birth cohort study of RSV and asthma, we evaluated the performance of an RSV antibody enzyme‐linked immunoassay (EIA) for detecting prior infant RSV infection. Infant RSV infection was determined by biweekly respiratory illness surveillance plus RSV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in their first RSV season and serum RSV antibodies after the season at approximately 1 year of age. RSV antibodies were detected by RSV A and B lysate EIA. Antibody and PCR results on 1707 children included 327 RSV PCR positive (PCR+) and 1380 not RSV+. Of 327 PCR+ children, 314 (96%) were lysate EIA positive and 583 out of 1380 (42%) children not PCR+ were positive. We compared the lysate EIA to RSV F, group A G (Ga), and group B G (Gb) protein antibody EIAs in a subset of 226 sera, 118 PCR+ children (97 group A and 21 group B) and 108 not PCR+. In this subset, 117 out of 118 (99%) RSV PCR+ children were positive by both the F and lysate EIAs and 103 out of 118 (87%) were positive by the Ga and/or Gb EIAs. Comparison of the two G EIAs indicated the infecting group correctly in 100 out of 118 (86%) and incorrectly in 1 out of 118 (1%). The lysate and F EIAs are sensitive for detecting infant infection and the two G EIAs can indicate the group of an earlier primary infection.
Impact of low bone mass and antiresorptive therapy on antibiotic efficacy in a rat model of orthopedic device‐related infection
Authors: Thompson Keith , Freitag Linda , Styger Ursula , Camenisch Karin , Zeiter Stephan , Arens Daniel , Richards R. Geoff , Moriarty Thomas F. , Stadelmann Vincent A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA significant proportion of orthopedic devices are implanted in osteoporotic patients, but it is currently unclear how estrogen deficiency and/or exposure to antiresorptive bisphosphonates (BPs) influence orthopedic device‐related infection (ODRI), or response to therapy. The aim of this study is to characterize the bone changes resulting from Staphylococcus epidermidis infection in a rodent ODRI model and to determine if ovariectomy (OVX) or BP treatment influences the infection or the success of antibiotic therapy. A sterile or S. epidermidis‐contaminated screw was implanted into the proximal tibia of skeletally mature female Wistar rats (n = 6–9 per group). Bone changes were monitored over 28 days using in vivo micro‐computed tomography scanning. OVX was performed 12 weeks before screw implantation. The BP zoledronic acid (ZOL) was administered 4 days before screw insertion. A combination antibiotic regimen (rifampin plus cefazolin) was administered from Days 7–21. In skeletally healthy animals, S. epidermidis induced marked changes in bone, with peak osteolysis occurring at Day 9 and woven bone deposition and periosteal mineralization from Day 14 onwards. Antibiotic therapy cleared the infection in the majority of animals (2/9 infected) but did not affect bone responses. OVX did not affect the pattern of infection‐induced changes in bone, nor bacterial load, but reduced antibiotic efficacy (5/9 infected). ZOL treatment did not protect from osteolysis in OVX animals, or further affect antibiotic efficacy (5/9 infected) but did significantly increase the bacterial load. This study suggests that both BPs and OVX can influence host responses to bone infections involving S. epidermidis.
Once‐weekly parathyroid hormone combined with ongoing long‐term alendronate treatment promotes osteoporotic fracture healing in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Zhang Chenggui , Zhu Junxiong , Jia Jialin , Guan Zhiyuan , Sun Tiantong , Zhang Wang , Yuan Wanqiong , Wang Hong , Leng Huijie , Song Chunli 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study examined the effect of once‐weekly parathyroid hormone (PTH) combined with alendronate upon osteoporotic fracture healing after long‐term alendronate anti‐osteoporosis therapy. Seventy‐six 12‐week‐old female Sprague–Dawley rats were either sham operated or bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX). Following confirmation of osteoporosis 3 months after OVX, the remaining 64 animals received alendronate therapy. After 3 months of alendronate treatment, all rats underwent unilateral transverse tibial osteotomy. Animals were immediately randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) alendronate followed by vehicle (ALN‐VEH), (2) continuation of alendronate (ALN‐ALN), (3) alendronate followed by once‐weekly PTH alone (ALN‐PTH), (4) continuation of alendronate combined with once‐weekly PTH (ALN‐ALN + PTH) until collection at 4 or 8 weeks after osteotomy. The fractured tibia was assessed using x‐ray, dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, microcomputed tomography, biomechanical testing, histology, and sequential fluorescence labeling. The ALN‐ALN + PTH treatment significantly increased total callus volume, mineralized callus volume, mineralized callus volume/total callus volume, and biomechanical strength of the callus relative to ALN‐VEH and ALN‐PTH treatments at both 4 and 8 weeks and produced more mature trabecular bone compared with ALN‐ALN treatment at 8 weeks. RANKL/osteoprotegerin (OPG) are osteoclastogenesis markers, while cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) is an important marker of angiogenesis. Qualitative immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CD31 and OPG expression was was strong after ALN‐ALN + PTH compared with ALN‐ALN treatment, whereas RANKL expression was weak after ALN‐ALN + PTH versus ALN‐PTH treatment. Our study showed that once‐weekly PTH combined with alendronate was beneficial in promoting the healing of fractures acquired after long‐term alendronate therapy in OVX‐induced osteoporotic rats.
An evolutionary perspective of DNA methylation patterns in skeletal tissues using a baboon model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Housman Genevieve , Quillen Ellen E. , Stone Anne C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEpigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation, play an influential role in the development of the degenerative joint disease osteoarthritis (OA). These molecular mechanisms have been heavily studied in humans, and although OA affects several other animals in addition to humans, few efforts have taken an evolutionary perspective. This study explores the evolution of OA epigenetics by assessing the relationship between DNA methylation variation and knee OA development in baboons (Papio spp.) and by comparing these findings to human OA epigenetic associations. Genome‐wide DNA methylation patterns were identified in bone and cartilage of the right distal femora from 56 pedigreed, adult baboons (28 with and 28 without knee OA) using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Several significantly differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and regions were found between tissue types. Substantial OA‐related differential methylation was also identified in cartilage, but not in bone, suggesting that cartilage epigenetics may be more influential in OA than bone epigenetics. Additionally, some genes containing OA‐related DMPs overlap with and display methylation patterns similar to those previously identified in human OA, revealing a mixture of evolutionarily conserved and divergent OA‐related methylation patterns in primates. Overall, these findings reinforce the current etiological perspectives of OA and enhance our evolutionary understanding of epigenetic mechanisms associated with OA. This study further establishes baboons as a valuable nonhuman primate model of OA, and continued investigations in baboons will help to disentangle the molecular mechanisms contributing to OA and their evolutionary histories.
Friction‐Riveted Hybrid Joints of Short Glass Fiber‐Reinforced Polyamide 6 and 6056‐T6 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: de Proença Bruno Cordeiro , Blaga Lucian‐Attila , dos Santos Jorge Fernandes , Amancio‐Filho Sergio de Traglia , Canto Leonardo Bresciani 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHybrid joints of short glass fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6 and 6056‐T6 aluminum alloy (PA6‐30GF/AA6056‐T6) are produced by friction riveting under different processing conditions. A comprehensive study of the effects of the processing parameters on the temperature evolution, anchoring efficiency, degradation of the polymer composite, and tensile strength (pullout test) of the joints is performed. With higher values for the rotational speed, spindle displacement, and joining force, the heat input is increased and this results in greater deformation of the rivet tip and thus higher anchoring efficiency. Based on this finding, high‐strength joints with tensile strength (pullout test) of up to 93% of the metal rivet are obtained and failure occurred through the ductile fracture of the metal rivet outside the composite plate region. Process‐related degradation of the polymer composite is identified, with the formation of voids in the polymer thermo‐mechanically affected zone (PTMAZ) as well as PA6 chain scission and glass fiber breakage in the rubbing volume around the rivet. The recrystallization of the PA6 matrix in the PTMAZ is not affected by the processing. Degradation of the composite at the polymer‐metal interface does not reduce the quasi‐static tensile strength (pullout test), although it may affect the long‐term mechanical properties of the joint.
A New In‐line Optical System for Monitoring Residence Time during Polymer Processing Along a Twin‐Screw Extruder
Authors: Mandarino Bianca da R. , da Silva Ana Lúcia N. , Michel Ricardo C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResidence time (RT) is an important factor in the processing of molten materials, since it strongly influences the quality of the final product. In this study, a simple and low cost optical system is developed to determine residence time of polypropylene (PP) during its processing in a TeckTrill co‐rotational twin screw extruder. The temperature profile is 90/160/180/190/190/195/195/200/200/210 °C with a screw speed of 300 rpm and a feed rate of 2.3 kg h‐1, using a commercial tracer and different screw profiles. Through the capture of images of the processed material, obtained by a webcam at the matrix output, the developed program is able to calculate the average RGB (red‐green‐blue) color of the analysis area and convert it to the HSV (hue‐saturation‐value), generating a curve of color saturation as a function of time. The results suggest that the developed optical system is a potential suitable tool for in‐line RT measurements.