bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Biomechanical Study of a New Open Dynamic Anterior Cervical Nail Plate System
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐feng , Zhao Yi‐bo , Lu Xiang‐dong , Wang Wen‐xuan , Qi De‐tai , Yang Xu , Wang Xiao‐nan , Zhou Run‐tian , Jin Yuan‐zhang , Zhao Bin 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo develop a new type of open dynamic cervical spine system and study its biomechanical properties.MethodsTen fresh goat spine specimens were used in this study. Using high precision digital display grating displacement sensor system, a new type of open dynamic nail plate fixation was compared with Atlantis nail plate fixation in terms of the stability of cervical vertebrae, pull‐out strength, and fatigue strength.ResultsBiomechanical tests showed: (i) the new type of open dynamic cervical anterior nail plate system has similar three‐dimensional stability as the Atlantis nail plate system, and can ensure the stability of anterior cervical fixation surgery; (ii) the fatigue life and fatigue strength of this new open dynamic anterior cervical nail plate and Atlantis nail plate are similar, and can adequately maintain the cervical stability after anterior bone graft fusion, to ensure long‐term safety and efficacy of the nail plate system in the body; and (iii) the overall fixed performance of the new type of open dynamic cervical nail system is satisfactory.ConclusionThe new type of open dynamic anterior cervical nail plate system has satisfactory biomechanical characteristics and cervical spine stability effect.
Changes in Cartilage and Subchondral Bone of Femoral Trochlear Groove After Patellectomy in Growing Rabbits
Authors: Lu Jiangfeng , Wang Chenghai , Li Faquan , Ji Gang , Wang Yanru , Wang Fei 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of patellectomy on the bony and cartilaginous morphology of the trochlear groove in growing rabbits.MethodsForty‐eight 4‐week‐old New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to two groups. The control group underwent a sham surgical procedure, whereas the patellectomy group underwent patella excision surgery. Half of the rabbits in each group were sacrificed 3 months postoperatively; the rest were sacrificed 6 months postoperatively. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed on collected samples. Measurements included the bony and cartilaginous sulcus angles of the trochlear groove. In addition, the thickness of the articular cartilage at the deepest sulcus position (central thickness) and at the mid‐position of the medial and lateral facets was measured and compared between groups.ResultsThree months after surgery, histological images revealed significant differences between the control group and the patellectomy group in cartilaginous sulcus angle (144.2° ± 1.5° vs 151.9° ± 2.4°, respectively; P < 0.001). No obvious difference in bony sulcus angle was found between the groups. Six months after surgery, significant between‐group differences were observed in cartilaginous sulcus angle (136.3° ± 2.5° in control group vs 160.7° ± 3.0° in patellectomy group, P < 0.001) and bony sulcus angle (136.2° ± 2.2° in control group vs 160.4° ± 2.6° in patellectomy group, P < 0.001). However, there were no significant intra‐group differences between cartilaginous and bony sulcus angles in either group. Three months after surgery, significant between‐group differences were detected in articular cartilage thickness at the three different positions (medial facet: 324.3 ± 14.0 μm in control group vs 391.7 ± 98.8 μm in patellectomy group, P = 0.029; central position: 362.1 ± 13.6 μm in control group vs 730.3 ± 76.8 μm in patellectomy group, P < 0.001; lateral facet: 324.6 ± 12.7 μm in control group vs 358.5 ± 38.7 μm in patellectomy group, P = 0.009). No between‐group differences in cartilage thickness were found at 6 months.ConclusionsAbnormal mechanical stress (patellectomy) during a rabbit's development can cause flattening of the femoral trochlear cartilage, followed by changes in the subchondral osseous layer. Abnormal mechanical stress is a crucial factor in the development of trochlear groove dysplasia.
Living Alone over the Life Course: Cross‐National Variations on an Emerging Issue
Authors: Esteve Albert , Reher David S. , Treviño Rocío , Zueras Pilar , Turu Anna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe increasing proportion of persons living alone has come to be emblematic in many ways of modern Western societies because it represents the importance conceded to the individual and to individual goals at the expense, basically, of the family. Solo living has been interpreted within the context of changing values and preferences, changing personal and conjugal realities, and the changing work contexts so often associated with the Second Demographic Transition. We know little about patterns and trends in living alone over the life course in much of the world because most research to date has concentrated on regional and national portrayals or on living arrangements in later life. This study provides a systematic look at the differences in living alone by age and sex in 113 countries. Our aim is to understand the extent to which behavior differs around the world and the implications this has for society. We also examine the relationship between trends in living alone and levels of human development. Results are taken from three massive datasets: census and survey microdata from IPUMS‐international, Demographic Health Surveys, and EU‐Labor Force Surveys.
Exploring BODIPY Derivatives as Singlet Oxygen Photosensitizers for PDT
Authors: Prieto‐Montero Ruth , Prieto‐Castañeda Alejandro , Sola‐Llano Rebeca , Agarrabeitia Antonia R. , García‐Fresnadillo David , López‐Arbeloa Iñigo , Villanueva Angeles , Ortiz María J. , de la Moya Santiago , Martínez‐Martínez Virginia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis minireview is devoted to honoring the memory of Dr. Thomas Dougherty, a pioneer of modern photodynamic therapy (PDT). It compiles the most important inputs made by our research group since 2012 in the development of new photosensitizers based on BODIPY chromophore which, thanks to the rich BODIPY chemistry, allows a finely tuned design of the photophysical properties of this family of dyes to serve as efficient photosensitizers for the generation of singlet oxygen. These two factors, photophysical tuning and workable chemistry, have turned BODIPY chromophore as one of the most promising dyes for the development of improved photosensitizers for PDT. In this line, this minireview is mainly related to the establishment of chemical methods and structural designs for enabling efficient singlet oxygen generation in BODIPYs. The approaches include the incorporation of heavy atoms, such as halogens (iodine or bromine) in different number and positions on the BODIPY scaffold, and also transition metal atoms, by their complexation with Ir(III) center, for instance. On the other hand, low‐toxicity approaches, without involving heavy metals, have been developed by preparing several orthogonal BODIPY dimers with different substitution patterns. The advantages and drawbacks of all these diverse molecular designs based on BODIPY structural framework are described.
Phylogenetic diversity is a better predictor of wetland community resistance toAlternanthera philoxeroidesinvasion than species richness
Authors: Qin T.‐J. , Zhou J. , Sun Y. , Müller‐Schärer H. , Luo F.‐L. , Dong B.‐C. , Li H.‐L. , Yu F.‐H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHighly biodiversity communities have been shown to better resist plant invasions through complementarity effects. Species richness (SR) is a widely used biodiversity metric but lacks explanatory power when there are only a few species. Communities with low SR can have a wide variety of phylogenetic diversities (PD), which might allow for a better prediction of invasibility.We assessed the effect of diversity reduction of a wetland community assemblage typical of the Beijing area on biotic resistance to invasion of the exotic weedAlternanthera philoxeroidesand compared the reduction in SR and PD in predicting community invasibility.The eight studied resident species performed similarly when grown alone and when grown in eight‐species communities together with the invasiveA. philoxeroides.Variation partitioning showed that PD contributed more to variation in bothA. philoxeroidestraits and community indicators than SR. AllA. philoxeroidestraits and community indicators, except for evenness index, showed a linear relationship with PD. However, only stem length ofA. philoxeroidesdiffered between the one‐ and two‐species treatments, and the diversity index of the communities differed between the one‐ and two‐species treatments and between the one‐ and four‐species treatments.Our results showed that in natural or semi‐natural wetlands with relatively low SR, PD may be a better predictor of invasibility than SR. When designing management strategies for mitigatingA. philoxeroidesinvasion, deliberately raising PD is expected to be more efficient than simply increasing species number.
The Origins of Conflict in Polycentric Governance Systems
Authors: Lubell Mark , Mewhirter Jack , Berardo Ramiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNatural resources are governed by polycentric systems, which can be conceptualized as an “ecology of games” in which policy actors participate in multiple policy forums governing interdependent issues. This article analyzes why actors perceive different payoffs across the forums in which they participate, ranging from mutually beneficial games of cooperation to conflictual zero‐sum games in which one actor's gain means another actor's loss. The authors develop hypotheses at the level of the individual, the forum, and the overall polycentric system and test them using survey data collected in three research sites: Tampa Bay, Florida; the Paraná River delta, Argentina; and the Sacramento–San Joaquin River delta, California. The empirical findings suggest that levels of conflict in policy forums are higher when the actors who participate in them are concerned with hot‐button issues, when the forums have large and diverse memberships, and in systems with a long history of conflict. The results shed new light on the drivers of conflict and cooperation in complex governance systems and suggest ways to manage conflict.
Different amounts of sugarcane trash left on the soil: Effects on microbial and enzymatic indicators in a short‐term experiment
Authors: Vieira Rosana Faria , Ramos Nilza P. , Pazianotto Ricardo Antônio A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen using mechanical harvesting, the sugarcane trash can be partially recovered for use as feedstock for bioenergy. However, the amount of trash that can be removed without prejudicing the sustainability of the sugarcane production system has still been little studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short‐term impact of removing part of the sugarcane trash using enzymatic and microbiological soil quality indicators. We tested three rates of trash removal: 0% (T0), 50% (T50) and 100% (T100). The microbial biomass C (Cmic) and N (Nmic), β‐glucosidase activity (GA) and the ratios Cmic as a per cent of Ctot and Nmic as a per cent of Ntot were highest for T100. The urease activity decreased with an increase in trash removal. The specific activity of β‐glucosidase did not differ between the treatments, while the specific activity of urease showed the same pattern as the absolute activity. The metabolic quotients (qCO2) were higher for T50 and T100 with no significant difference between them. The principal component analysis showed that the first component, which explained 77.66% of the total variance, was significantly correlated with Nmic, basal respiration and GA and discriminated the three treatments. The results showed that the removal of part of the trash adversely affected some of the soil quality attributes. This suggests the need for monitoring over a period of years in sugarcane areas where part of the trash is removed for industrial purposes, in order to better understand the cumulative impact on soil quality and to ensure the sustainability of bioenergy production.
Successful management of clinical signs associated with hepatic encephalopathy with manual therapeutic plasma exchange in a dog
Authors: Culler Christine A. , Reinhardt Alyx , Vigani Alessio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the use of manual therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) to manage hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in a dog.Case summaryA 9‐year‐old neutered female Dachshund presented for HE secondary to a previously diagnosed portosystemic shunt. The hyperammonemia and severe clinical signs of HE persisted despite extensive medical management. Therapeutic plasma exchange was performed for stabilization prior to surgical shunt ligation. A total of 1 plasma volume was processed during a single manual TPE session. The ammonia immediately prior to TPE was 235 μmol/L (reference interval, 10‐30 μmol/L) and decreased to 117 μmol/L by the end of the session. The dog showed significant improvement in clinical signs shortly after the session and remained stable thereafter. Shunt ligation was performed 5 days later with no complications observed with TPE or postoperatively. The dog was discharged 3 days after surgery with no neurological signs and was doing well 100 days after surgery.New or unique information providedTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first published report of manual TPE to manage HE in veterinary medicine. Therapeutic plasma exchange should be further investigated as a possible strategy to manage clinical signs of HE in patients that are refractory to medical management. Achieving this with manual TPE may be considered in patients that are too small for conventional TPE due to extracorporeal volume or in situations where conventional TPE is not available.
Retrospective evaluation of the induction of emesis with apomorphine as treatment for gastric foreign bodies in dogs (2010‐2014): 61 cases
Authors: Zersen Kristin M. , Peterson Nathan , Bergman Philip J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the success rate and complications associated with inducing emesis in dogs that have ingested foreign material.DesignRetrospective case series, 2010–2014.SettingPrivate practice and referral center.AnimalsSixty‐one client‐owned dogs that had emesis induced for the treatment of ingestion of foreign material.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsEmesis was successfully induced in 59 of 61 (97%) dogs administered an emetic. Of those 59 dogs, 46 (78%) produced the foreign body. There were no complications reported in any of the dogs in which emesis was successfully induced. Dogs in which emesis was successfully induced were likely to produce the foreign body (P = 0.01).ConclusionBased on the results of this study, emesis appears to be a safe and effective means for the removal of certain gastric foreign bodies in dogs.
Successful xenotransfusion in a domestic ferret with spontaneous hemoperitoneum using feline packed red blood cells
Authors: Bell Amy L. , Gladden Jay N. , Graham Jennifer E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the diagnosis, management, and outcome of a ferret with spontaneous hemoperitoneum with surgical intervention and xenotransfusion of type A feline packed red blood cells (pRBCs).Case SummaryA domestic ferret diagnosed with a spontaneous hemoperitoneum secondary to a hepatic mass received isotonic crystalloids, hypertonic saline, and an allogenic blood transfusion perioperatively. Postoperatively, the ferret developed progressive anemia and tachycardia refractory to fluid therapy and, given a lack of additional allogenic blood sources, received a xenotransfusion of feline pRBCs. The ferret was hospitalized for 4 days postoperatively and developed a presumed delayed transfusion reaction characterized by transient hyperbilirubinemia. At a 6‐month recheck, the ferret was doing well clinically.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first reported case of successful xenotransfusion of feline pRBCs in a ferret. Although xenotransfusion of ferrets with feline blood products is not recommended as a routine procedure, it remains a viable option in critical situations in which ferret blood is unavailable.
Resolution of caval syndrome during initial hemodynamic stabilization in dogs with heartworm disease
Authors: Pariaut Romain , Jung Seung Woo , Vila Jorge , Newhard Daniel K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report on the spontaneous resolution of caval syndrome in 5 dogs selected for their response to medical stabilization prior to scheduled heartworm extraction.Series summaryFive dogs with heartworm caval syndrome were treated with sildenafil, fluid, and supplemental oxygen therapy. Moreover, 4 of 5 dogs were also administered pimobendan to achieve hemodynamic stabilization in preparation for percutaneous heartworm extraction. Spontaneous heartworm migration back into the pulmonary arteries was detected from 2 h to 5 days after treatment initiation.Unique information providedUnanticipated spontaneous resolution of caval syndrome was documented in a low number of dogs after initiation of a patient stabilization protocol aiming at improving right ventricular hemodynamics and reducing pulmonary artery pressure prior to scheduled heartworm extraction. At this time, it is unknown if intervention to improve the hemodynamic status of the animal prior to heartworm extraction improves procedure outcome, and which factors contributed to the migration of the heartworms back into the pulmonary arteries in these selected cases. Therefore, this approach cannot be recommended in place of current recommendations for treatment of caval syndrome.
Translingual practices at a Shanghai university
Authors: Song Yang , Lin Angel M. Y. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present study examines translingual practices among students enrolled in international English‐medium instruction (EMI) Master's degree programmes in a top‐rated comprehensive university in Shanghai, China. Ethnographic observations across urban/institutional spaces and social media as well as in‐depth student interviews converge to reveal that while English has been used as a lingua franca for disciplinary teaching, learning, and navigation of everyday life, students have been engaged in translingual practices (1) to understand and create meaning out of intercultural experiences in the cosmopolitan city of Shanghai, and (2) to negotiate epistemic frameworks as contextualized in both the institutional student management setting and the global politics of discipline‐specific knowledge production. This article is hence aimed at expanding the scope of translingual research to include critical inquiry into the role of English as a lingua franca in students’ transcultural/trans‐epistemic experiences in EMI programmes in the context of internationalization of higher education.
IMPROVING EVOLUTION ADVOCACY: TRANSLATING VACCINE INTERVENTIONS TO THE EVOLUTION WARS
Authors: Aechtner Thomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen considering the persuasive characteristics and prospective influences of Darwin‐skeptic mass media, uncertainties remain about how to reciprocally promote evolutionary theory to skeptical audiences. This study aims to improve evolution advocacy by translating some of the most successful methods of science endorsement to Evolution Wars contexts. In particular, strategies used to address vaccine hesitancies and enhance immunization uptake policies are reinterpreted for those seeking to improve pro‐evolution communications to religious publics. What results are three recommendation categories described as General Guiding Principles, Proximate Interventions, and Auxiliary Interventions.
SOCIAL RESEARCH ON SCIENCE AND RELIGION IN NORDIC COUNTRIES
Authors: Vuolanto Pia , Nissilä Paula , Qadir Ali 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article presents a review of the literature on science and religion in Nordic countries. Seventy‐seven articles, books, and chapters on the topic were collected from five major scholarly databases between 1997 and 2018. We scrutinized how research in this data set was engaged with social scientific research. Most of the research was not social scientific. It was primarily philosophical, theological, and historical research; very little presented empirical and theoretical social scientific research. The studies reflected societal discussions, bringing out some cultural dimensions and social issues, but not specifically in the Nordic context. Some societal aspects were highlighted, such as ethics and climate change, but these were not necessarily tied to the Nordic societies. We propose that in the Nordic context there seems to be a need for social scientific research on science and religion. This research could use theoretical perspectives from, for instance, sociology, science and technology studies, higher education studies, and anthropological research.
Description of the Flow in a Two-Stage Low-Pressure Turbine With Hub Cavities
Authors: Fiore Maxime , Gourdain Nicolas , Boussuge Jean-François , Lippinois Eric 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In gas turbine, multi-stage row blading and technological effects can exhibit significant differences for the flow compared with isolated smooth blade rows. Upstream stages promote a non-uniform flow field at the inlet of the downstream rows that may have large effects on mixing or boundary layer transition processes. The rows of current turbines (and compressors) are already very closely spaced. Axial gaps between adjacent rows of approximately 1/4 to 1/2 of the axial blade chord are common practice. Future designs with higher loading and lower aspect ratios, i.e., fewer and bigger blades, and the ever present aim at minimizing engine length or compactness, will aggravate this condition even further. Interaction between cascade rows will therefore keep increasing and need to be taken into account in loss generation estimation. Also the cavities at hub platform induce purge flow blowing into main annulus and additional losses for the turbine. A robust method to account for the loss generated due to these different phenomena needs to be used. The notion of exergy (energy in the purpose to generate work) provides a general framework to deal with the different transfers of energy between the flow and the gas turbine. This study investigates the flow in a two-stage configuration representative of a low-pressure turbine including hub cavities based on large eddy simulation (LES). A description of the flow in the cavities, the main annulus, and at rim seal interface is proposed. The assessment of loss generated in the configuration is proposed based on an exergy analysis. The study of losses restricted to boundary layer contributions and secondary flows show the interaction processes of secondary vortices and wake generated in upstream rows on the flow in downstream rows.