bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How inclusive leadership paves way for psychological well‐being of employees during trauma and crisis: A three‐wave longitudinal mediation study
Authors: Ahmed Fawad , Zhao Fuqiang , Faraz Naveed Ahmad , Qin Yuan Jian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsNurses are at the forefront of public health emergencies facing psychological pressures ensuing from the loss of patients and potential risk of infection while treating the infected. This study examines whether inclusive leadership has a causal relationship with psychological distress and to assess the mediation effect of psychological safety on this relationship in the long run. The hypotheses are developed and interpreted with the help of theoretical underpinnings from job demands resources theory and the theory of shattered assumptions.DesignThree‐wave longitudinal study.MethodsQuestionnaire was used to carry out three waves of data collection from 405 nurses employed at five hospitals in Wuhan during the COVID‐19 outbreak between the months of January–April 2020. Partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM) was used to analyze data while controlling for age, gender, education, experience, and working hours.ResultsResults supported the hypothesized relationships where inclusive leadership indicated significant inverse causal relationship with psychological distress and a positive causal relationship with psychological safety. Mediation effect of psychological safety was found significant, while the model explained 73.9% variance in psychological distress.ConclusionInclusive leadership, through its positive and supportive characteristics, can pave way for such mechanisms that improve the psychological safety of employees in the long run and curbs psychological distress.ImpactThis is the first longitudinal study to examine the relationship between inclusive leadership and psychological distress in health care and also examines the mediating mechanism of psychology safety. There is scarcity of empirical research on factors that determine and affect behavioural mechanism of healthcare workers during traumatic events and crisis. Clinical leaders and healthcare policy makers must invest in and promote inclusive and supportive environment characterized with open and accessible leaders at workplace to improve psychological safety; it helps reduce levels of psychological distress.
Quality of life in patients with comorbid serious mental illness and chronic diseases: A structural equation model
Authors: Chiang Yu‐Shuang , Chang Yue‐Cune , Liu Yia‐Ping , Tzeng Wen‐Chii 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo investigate the factors affecting the quality of life among adults with comorbid serious mental illness and chronic diseases.DesignDescriptive, cross‐sectional study design.MethodsIn total, 204 patients with serious mental illness were recruited from two hospitals. Self‐reported data were collected using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness, Patient Activation Measure and brief version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument. Data were collected between July 2018 – January 2019. The structural equation model was applied to examine the associations among the study variables.ResultsInternalized stigma (β = −0.479, p = .002) had the greatest direct effect on quality of life, followed by patient activation (β = 0.238, p = .002), severity of comorbidities (β = −0.207, p = .002) and psychiatric symptoms (β = −0.186, p = .006). In addition, psychiatric symptoms directly influenced the severity of comorbidities, which in turn directly influenced internalized stigma and then in turn directly influenced patient activation and ultimately influenced quality of life.ConclusionThe relationship between internalized stigma and quality of life is significantly mediated by patient activation. This finding provides a theoretical basis for developing patient activation interventions for patients with comorbid mental and chronic diseases, which potentially improve the quality of life of this population.ImpactMultiple comorbidities cause impaired quality of life in patients with serious mental illnesses. We found that patient activation plays an important role in the management of chronic diseases for achieving more favourable quality of life, but this is negatively affected by internalized stigma. These findings can help mental health professionals develop tailored intervention strategies to enhance quality of life by promoting patient activation and reducing internalized stigma, psychiatric symptoms, and comorbidity severity in patients with comorbid serious mental illnesses and chronic diseases.
Best practices toolkit for family participation in ICU rounds
Authors: Au Selena S. , Roze des Ordons Amanda L. , Blades Kenneth G. , Stelfox Henry T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesGuidelines recommend inviting family members of intensive care unit (ICU) patients to rounds. We aimed to create a toolkit to support family participation in ICU bedside rounds, based upon evidence from research and in collaboration with ICU family member representatives and healthcare providers.MethodsEthnographic observations of rounds and interviews and focus groups with family members and ICU healthcare providers were analyzed for key themes, barriers and facilitators of participation, and suggestions. A full day workshop with family representatives and providers (physicians, nurses, social workers, and unit managers) from a diverse range of adult ICUs in Western Canada, including several community ICUs and a majority of large, urban ICUs enabled the collaborative development of key toolkit elements.ResultsWe have developed an evidence‐informed approach to patient‐and‐family‐centered rounds that highlights the importance of six key elements foundational to patient and family centered rounds: Invitation, Orientation, Engagement, Summary, Questions, and Communication Follow‐Up. We describe strategies, techniques, and templates to optimize these elements and interactions so that communication is more meaningful, and to facilitate the ability of family members to adopt a meaningful role as contributing members of the care team.ConclusionThere is consensus on general strategies for facilitating family participation in rounds and meaningful communication between family and the healthcare team during rounds as an important element of the continuum of communication in the ICU. The incorporation of these elements should be standardized, though tailored to user needs.
Review of recent advances in improved lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in foods
Authors: Sun Yu‐Ling , Kuo Chiu‐Mei , Lu Chung‐Lun , Lin Chih‐Sheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe incidence of foodborne diseases has continuingly increased over the years and resulted in public health problem globally. EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157:H7 (E. coliO157:H7) is a human pathogen that causes diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis.E. coliO157:H7 can be found in various foods. It is important to detect this foodborne pathogen to provide safe food supply. A lot of methods, for example, culture and PCR‐based test, used to detect foodborne pathogens are laborious and time consuming. Hence, a variety of methods have been developed for rapid, simple and reliable detection ofE. coliO157:H7 as it is required in many food analyses. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) are advantageous over conventional detection methods in terms of their rapidity and simplicity for end user, especially the LFIA can be developed as the strip test for on‐site point‐of‐care test (POCT) products. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs; colloid gold) are the most commonly used labels in the LFIA for the visual analysis, however, there are still several limitations that restrict their applications of traditional LFIA. Therefore, recent reports on improved LFIA forE. coliO157:H7 detection in foods are continuously reported. This review intends to provide these recent advances in improved LFIA methods for the detection ofE. coliO157:H7 in foods.
Elucidating memory in the brain via single‐cell transcriptomics
Authors: Sullivan Kaitlin E. , Kendrick Rennie M. , Cembrowski Mark S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractElucidating the neural mechanisms of memory in the brain is a central goal of neuroscience. Here, we discuss modern‐day transcriptomics methodologies, and how they are well‐poised to revolutionize our insight into memory mechanisms at unprecedented resolution and throughput. Focusing on the hippocampus and amygdala, two regions extensively examined in memory research, we show how single‐cell transcriptomics technologies have been leveraged to understand the naïve state of these brain regions. Building upon this foundation, we show that these technologies can be applied to single‐trial learning paradigms to comprehensively identify molecules and cells that participate in the encoding and retrieval of memory. Transcriptomics also provides an opportunity to understand the cell‐type organization of the human hippocampus and amygdala, and due to conservation of these brain regions between humans and rodents, to infer behavioral and causal contributions in the human brain by leveraging rodent cell‐type homologies and interventions. Ultimately, such transcriptomic technologies are poised to usher in a qualitatively novel understanding of memory in the brain.image
The Future of the Corporation
Authors: Patriotta Gerardo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe articles featured in this Point‐Counterpoint develop provocative and yet contrasting views on the role of corporations in contemporary society: the point by Colin Mayer advocates a view of the corporation as a purpose‐driven institution that can become a vehicle for economic and social prosperity. The counterpoint by Jerry Davis emphasizes the declining role of contemporary corporations, and argues for the need to develop both internal and external corporate democracy. Building on the dialogue between purpose and democracy, this article reflects on the future of the corporation within a society characterized by the pervasive presence of global risks. Four major challenges for corporate purpose and democracy are highlighted: changes in corporate business models, inequality and safety, institutional partnerships, and new forms of corporate social engagement.
A preliminary investigation into participants' reactions to a sensory trial investigating a cannabis edible
Authors: Faraone Nicoletta , Hillier Neil Kirk , McSweeney Matthew B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor the food industry to successfully develop foods and beverages enriched with cannabis or cannabinoids, sensory analysis trials must be conducted. This study used open‐ended comments to evaluate a consumer acceptability trial of a cannabis edible. The participants (n = 64) were presented with an outline of a proposed consumer acceptability trial evaluating a cannabis edible and then answered questions about the sensory trial. Results suggest that conventional methodology used in sensory analyses may need to be reframed when evaluating edible cannabis products. The use of take‐home sample kits needs to be considered, and consumer acceptability trials may want to include questions about the psychoactive effects induced after consumption. As more edible cannabis products are developed, they present a unique opportunity for researchers to explore other levels of sensory characterization of these novel food products.Practical applicationsSensory analysis is a key component of the food product development process, and as such, it is essential to determine how sensory methods can be best utilized to evaluate edible cannabis products. This study investigated what participants thought about a proposed consumer acceptability trial being applied to an edible cannabis product. The participants identified that (a) they wished to evaluate the full product (not a sample), (b) thought they should have been asked about the psychoactive effects, (c) wished to try the product at home and lastly, (d) did not enjoy testing the products within sensory booths. As such, researchers within the food industry working on edible cannabis products should investigate the employment of home‐use tests and questions about psychoactive effects. More studies are needed to identify which sensory methods can be best applied to evaluate edible cannabis products.
Feasibility and efficacy of 8 week Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir to treat incarcerated viraemic HCV patients: A case‐control study
Authors: Fiore Vito , Ranieri Roberto , Dell’Isola Serena , Pontali Emanuele , Barbarini Giorgio , Prestileo Tullio , Marri Daniele , Starnini Giulio , Sotgiu Giovanni , Madeddu Giordano , Babudieri Sergio ,   SIMSPe Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractInmates have higher HCV prevalence than general population, representing a fundamental step towards HCV eradication. Our aim was to compare 8‐week glecaprevir/pibrentasvir treatment in a case‐control study between incarcerated and free patients. Eleven Italian prisons and six outpatient clinics were involved. Patients were matched for sex, risk factors, METAVIR grade, HIV and HBV co‐infections. About 131 incarcerated (Group A) and 131 free patients (Group B) were included. Mean age was 43.0 ± 9.6 years and 42.8 ± 9.9 in Group A and B, respectively (P = .74). SVR rates were 96.2% and 99.2% in Group A and Group B respectively (P = .21). Five drop‐outs occurred in Group A, one in Group B. Incarceration, being PWIDs and OST were not associated with SVR reductions (CI 95%). In conclusion, imprisonment does not influence unplanned interruptions or SVR rates when receiving short‐term therapies. Short schedules with pangenotypic regimens could be a good approach to hard‐to‐reach populations, such as incarcerated patients.
Biconical reflectance, micro‐Raman, and nano‐FTIR spectroscopy of the Didim (H3‐5) meteorite: Chemical content and molecular variations
Authors: Yesiltas M. , Kaya M. , Glotch T. D. , Brunetto R. , Maturilli A. , Helbert J. , Ozel M. E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Didim meteorite contains multiple lithologies and clasts of different petrologic types in a single stone. A mixture of H5 clasts in an unequilibrated H3 host was previously observed in Didim, according to the initial characterization reported in the Meteoritical Bulletin Database, providing an opportunity to investigate molecular composition that contains varying degree of equilibrium with varying mineralogy. We have taken a “from large scale to small scale” approach to spectroscopically investigate the chemical content of Didim. Centimeter‐scale biconical reflectance spectra show that Didim contains abundant olivine, pyroxene, and other optically active minerals, evident from a strong Band I near 0.93 µm and a weak Band II near 1.75 µm. Micrometer‐scale Raman spectroscopic investigations reveal the presence of carbonaceous material in addition to forsteritic olivine, pyroxene (augite and enstatite), feldspars, and opaque phases such as chromite and hematite. 3‐D Raman tomographic imaging shows that the carbonaceous material near chondrules extends underneath a large olivine grain, going further down toward the interior, indicating that the observed carbonaceous matter is likely indigenous. Nano‐scale infrared measurements reveal that the observed chemical materials in Didim contain spectral, and therefore, molecular, variations at the ~20 nm spatial scale. These chemical variations are normally not accessible via conventional infrared techniques, and indicate the presence of different cations in the molecular composition of observed minerals. By taking the “large scale to small scale” approach, we show that these compositional variations can be captured and investigated nondestructively in meteorites to understand formation/evolution of chemical components in the parent body.
Quartz and cristobalite ballen in impact melt rocks from the Ries impact structure, Germany, formed by dehydration of shock‐generated amorphous phases
Authors: Trepmann Claudia A. , Dellefant Fabian , Kaliwoda Melanie , Hess Kai‐Uwe , Schmahl Wolfgang W. , Hölzl Stefan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractQuartz and cristobalite ballen aggregates surrounded by dendritic cristobalite in gneiss clasts of impact melt rocks from the Ries impact structure are analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, microscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction to elucidate the development of the characteristic polycrystalline ballen that are defined by curved interfaces between each other. We suggest that the investigated ballen aggregates represent former fluid inclusion‐rich quartz grains from the granitic gneiss protolith. Upon shock loading, they transformed into an amorphous phase that partly retained information on the precursor structure. Volatiles from inclusions dissolved into the amorphous phase. During decompression and cooling, dehydration takes place and causes fracturing of the amorphous phase and disintegration into small globular ballen, with the fluid being expelled along the fractures. A similar formation of small globules due to dehydration of silica‐rich glass is known for perlitic structures of volcanic rocks. Remnants of the precursor structure are present in the amorphous phase and enabled topotactic crystallization of quartz, leading to a crystallographic preferred orientation. Crystallization of more distorted parts of the amorphous phase led to random orientations of the quartz crystals. Ballen comprised of cristobalite formed from a dehydrated amorphous phase with no structural memory of the precursor. Dendritic cristobalite exclusively occurring at the rim of quartz ballen aggregate is interpreted to have crystallized directly from a melt enriched in fluids that were expelled during dehydration of the amorphous phase.
Metatranscriptomic analyses of the oral microbiome
Authors: Duran‐Pinedo Ana E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough the composition of the oral human microbiome is now well studied, regulation of genes within oral microbial communities remains mostly uncharacterized. Current concepts of periodontal disease and caries highlight the importance of oral biofilms and their role as etiological agents of those diseases. Currently, there is increased interest in exploring and characterizing changes in the composition and gene‐expression profiles of oral microbial communities. These efforts aim to identify changes in functional activities that could explain the transition from health to disease and the reason for the chronicity of those infections. It is now clear that the functions of distinct species within the subgingival microbiota are intimately intertwined with the rest of the microbial community. This point highlights the relevance of examining the expression profile of specific species within the subgingival microbiota in the case of periodontal disease or caries lesions, in the context of the other members of the biofilm in vivo. Metatranscriptomic analysis of the oral community is the starting point for identifying environmental signals that modulate the shift in metabolism of the community from commensal to dysbiotic. These studies give a snapshot of the expression patterns of microbial communities and also allow us to determine triggers to diseases. For example, in the case of caries, studies have unveiled a potential new pathway of sugar metabolism, namely the use of sorbitol as an additional source of carbon by Streptococcus mutans; and in the case of periodontal disease, high levels of extracellular potassium could be a signal of disease. Longitudinal studies are needed to identify the real markers of the initial stages of caries and periodontal disease. More information on the gene‐expression profiles of the host, along with the patterns from the microbiome, will lead to a clearer understanding of the modulation of health and disease. This review presents a summary of these initial studies, which have opened the door to a new understanding of the dynamics of the oral community during the dysbiotic process in the oral cavity.
The evolutionary history of the human oral microbiota and its implications for modern health
Authors: Weyrich Laura S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNumerous biological and cultural factors influence the microbial communities (microbiota) that inhabit the human mouth, including diet, environment, hygiene, physiology, health status, genetics, and lifestyle. As oral microbiota can underpin oral and systemic diseases, tracing the evolutionary history of oral microbiota and the factors that shape its origins will unlock information to mitigate disease today. Despite this, the origins of many oral microbes remain unknown, and the key factors in the past that shaped our oral microbiota are only now emerging. High throughput DNA sequencing of oral microbiota using ancient DNA and comparative anthropological methodologies has been employed to investigate oral microbiota origins, revealing a complex, rich history. Here, I review the current literature on the factors that shaped and guided oral microbiota evolution, both in Europe and globally. In Europe, oral microbiota evolution was shaped by interactions with Neandertals, the adaptation of farming, widespread integration of industrialization, and postindustrial lifestyles that emerged after World War II. Globally, evidence for a multitude of different oral microbiota histories is emerging, likely supporting dissimilarities in modern oral health across discrete human populations. I highlight how these evolutionary changes are linked to the development of modern oral diseases and discuss the remaining factors that need to be addressed to improve this embryonic field of research. I argue that understanding the evolutionary history of our oral microbiota is necessary to identify new treatment and prevention options to improve oral and systemic health in the future.
Environmental factors and periodontal microbiome
Authors: Buduneli Nurcan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPeriodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory, multifactorial diseases where the major triggering factors for disease onset are bacteria and their toxins, but the major part of tissue destruction occurs as a result of host response towards the periodontal microbiome. Periodontal microbiome consists of a wide range of microorganisms including obligate and facultative anaerobes. In health, there is a dynamic balance between the host, environment, and the microbiome. Environmental factors, mainly tobacco smoking and psychological stress, disrupt the symbiotic relationship. Tobacco smoke and its components alter the bacterial surface and functions such as growth. Psychological stressors and stress hormones may affect the outcome of an infection by changing the virulence factors and/or host response. This review aims to provide currently available data on the effects of the major environmental factors on the periodontal microbiome.