bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different polyaniline emeraldine compositions in electrodepositing ginsenoside encapsulated poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microcapsules coating: Physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation
Authors: Lukman Siti Khadijah , Saidin Syafiqah 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEven though drug‐eluting stent (DES) has prominently reduced restenosis, however, its complication of delayed endothelialization has caused chronic side effect. A coating of ginseng‐based biodegradable polymer could address this issue due to its specific therapeutic values. However, deposition of this type of stable coating on metallic implant often scarce. Therefore, in this study, different polyaniline (PANI) emeraldine compositions were adopted to electrodeposit ginsenoside encapsulated poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microcapsules coating. The coating surfaces were analyzed using attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, and atomic force microscopy instruments. A month coating stability was then investigated with an evaluation of in vitro human umbilical vein endothelial cell analyses consisted of cytotoxicity and cells attachment assessments. The 1.5 mg PANI emeraldine has assisted the formation of stable, uniform, and rounded microcapsules coating with appropriate wettability and roughness. Less than 1.5 mg PANI emeraldine was not enough to drive the formation of microcapsules coating while greater than 1.5 mg caused the deposition of melted microcapsules. The similar coating also has promoted greater cells proliferation and attachment compared to other coating variation. Therefore, the utilization of electrodeposition to deposit a drug‐based polymer coating could be implemented to develop DES, in accordance to stent implantation which ultimately aims for enrich endothelialization.
UHMWPE‐MWCNT‐nHA based hybrid trilayer nanobiocomposite: Processing approach, physical properties, stem/bone cell functionality, and blood compatibility
Authors: Naskar Sharmistha , Panda Asish K. , Jana Ashirbad , Kanagaraj Subramani , Basu Bikramjit 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe development of polymeric nanocomposites for biomedical applications remains a major challenge in terms of tailored addition of nanoparticles to realize the simultaneous enhancement of fracture resistance and cell/blood compatibility. To address this, the present work has been planned to determine whether small addition of surface functionalized multiwalled‐carbon‐nanotube, MWCNT (<1.5 wt%) and egg‐shell derived nanosized hydroxyapatite, nHA (<10 wt%) to ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight‐polyethylene (UHMWPE) can significantly improve the physical properties as well as biocompatibility. The difference in mouse osteoblast and human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSc) proliferation has been validated using both the monolithic composite and a trilayered composite with two different UHMWPE nanocomposites on either face with pure polymer at the middle. The combination of rheology and micro‐CT with fractography reveals the homogeneous dispersion of nanofillers, leading to mechanical property enhancement. The quantitative analysis of cell viability and cell spreading by immunocytochemistry method, using vinculin and vimentin expression, establish significant cytocompatibility with hMSc and osteoblast cells onto the trilayer hybrid nanobiocomposite substrates. The hemocompatibility of the investigated composites under the controlled flow of rabbit blood in a microfluidic device reveals the signature of reduced thrombogenesis with reduction of platelet activation on UHMWPE nanocomposite w.r.t. unreinforced UHMWPE. An attempt has been made to discuss the blood compatibility results in the backdrop of the bovine serum albumin adsorption kinetics. Summarizing, the present study establishes that the twin requirement of mechanical property and cyto/hemo‐compatibility can be potentially realized in developing trilayer composites in UHMWPE‐nHA‐MWCNT system.
Ovariectomy Activates Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation Mediated by Memory T Cells, Which Promotes Osteoporosis in Mice
Authors: Cline-Smith Anna , Axelbaum Ariel , Shashkova Elena , Chakraborty Mousumi , Sanford Jessie , Panesar Prabhjyot , Peterson Macey , Cox Linda , Baldan Angel , Veis Deborah , Aurora Rajeev 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The loss of estrogen (E2) initiates a rapid phase of bone loss leading to osteoporosis in one-half of postmenopausal women, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show for the first time how loss of E2 activates low-grade inflammation to promote the acute phase of bone catabolic activity in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. E2 regulates the abundance of dendritic cells (DCs) that express IL-7 and IL-15 by inducing the Fas ligand (FasL) and apoptosis of the DC. In the absence of E2, DCs become long-lived, leading to increased IL-7 and IL-15. We find that IL-7 and IL-15 together, but not alone, induced antigen-independent production of IL-17A and TNFα in a subset of memory T cells (TMEM). OVX of mice with T-cell–specific ablation of IL15RA showed no IL-17A and TNFα expression, and no increase in bone resorption or bone loss, confirming the role of IL-15 in activating the TMEM and the need for inflammation. Our results provide a new mechanism by which E2 regulates the immune system, and how menopause leads to osteoporosis. The low-grade inflammation is likely to cause or contribute to other comorbidities observed postmenopause. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Both NPY-Expressing and CART-Expressing Neurons Increase Energy Expenditure and Trabecular Bone Mass in Response to AP1 Antagonism, But Have Opposite Effects on Bone Resorption
Authors: Idelevich Anna , Sato Kazusa , Avihai Byron , Nagano Kenichi , Galien Antonin , Rowe Glenn , Gori Francesca , Baron Roland 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Energy metabolism and bone homeostasis share several neuronal regulatory pathways. Within the ventral hypothalamus (VHT), the orexigenic neurons co-express Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the anorexigenic neurons co-express, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART). These neurons regulate both processes, yet their relative contribution is unknown. Previously, using genetically targeted activator protein (AP1) alterations as a tool, we showed in adult mice that AgRP or POMC neurons are capable of inducing whole-body energy catabolism and bone accrual, with different effects on bone resorption. Here, we investigated whether co-residing neurons exert similar regulatory effects. We show that AP1 antagonists targeted to NPY-producing or CART-producing neurons in adult mice stimulate energy expenditure, reduce body weight gain and adiposity and promote trabecular bone formation and mass, yet again via different effects on bone resorption, as measured by serum level of carboxy-terminal collagen type I crosslinks (CTX). In addition, AP1 antagonists promote neurite expansion, increasing neurite number, length, and surface area in primary hypothalamic neuronal cultures. Overall, our data demonstrate that the orexigenic NPY and anorexigenic CART neurons both have the capacity to stimulate energy burning state and increase bone mass. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A compound reflects the level of homocysteine based on Rhodamine B and its ability to respond to homocysteine in the plasma of diabetic patients
Authors: Zhao Weiyu , Cheng Han , Zhu Yu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe level of homocysteine (Hcy) is significantly elevated in the plasma of patients with diabetes. The increased plasma Hcy level is positively correlated with the severity of the disease and is one of the important causes of diabetic complications.MethodsWe designed and synthesized a compound could reflect the level of Hcy based on rhodamine B, and the structure was verified by 1H‐NMR and EI‐HRMS. Then, the linearity, repeatability, selectivity, and cellar toxicity, the effects of the fluid viscosity and pH of compound on Hcy were measured; meanwhile, the response of Hcy level in the plasma of diabetic patients was detected.ResultsThis is a novel compound that has never been reported. The compound showed a satisfactory linear range and repeatability at the viscosity and pH of physiological fluid. In addition, the compound was capable of evading the interference from other amino acids and metal ions, and it exhibited high selectivity toward Hcy.ConclusionThe compound showed increased responsiveness to plasma Hcy in patients with diabetes in comparison with healthy individuals and effectively reflected plasma Hcy levels in healthy individuals and diabetic patients. Therefore, the compound is expected to be used in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
Kagami‐Ogata syndrome: an important differential diagnosis to Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome
Authors: Altmann Judith , Horn Denise , Korinth Dirk , Eggermann Thomas , Henrich Wolfgang , Verlohren Stefan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe report the case of a fetus with sonographic characteristics of Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). A 30‐year‐old gravida 2 para 1 was referred to our fetal medicine unit with an omphalocele. Fetal macrosomia, organomegaly, and polyhydramnios but no macroglossia were detected and BWS was suspected. Genetic testing for BWS did not confirm the suspected diagnosis as the karyotype was normal. Symptomatic polyhydramnios led to repeated amnioreductions. At 35 + 5 weeks of gestation, a female neonate of 3660 g was delivered with APGAR scores of 6/7/8, after 1/5/10 min, respectively. The abnormal shape of the thorax, facial dysmorphism, need for ventilation, and generalized muscular hypotonia led to the suspicion of Kagami‐Ogata syndrome (KOS), which was confirmed by genetic testing. KOS in our patient was caused by a large deletion in the MEG3‐region on chromosome 14q32 affecting the maternal allele. In this report, we highlight the notion that when sonographic signs suggestive of BWS such as macrosomia, polyhydramnios, and omphalocele are present and genetic testing does not confirm the suspected diagnosis, KOS should be tested for.
Using a nutrient profile index to assess reclamation strategies in the Athabasca oil sands region of northern Alberta
Authors: Hogberg Jeffrey I. , MacKenzie M. Derek , Pinno Bradley D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLand reclamation in the Athabasca oil sands region requires construction of entire soil profiles from materials salvaged during mining. Although much attention has been paid to the limited supply of suitable topsoil materials and their impact on ecosystem recovery, suitable clean subsoil materials are also in limited supply, and their efficient and effective use is an important consideration for land managers in the region. Using data from an oil sands reclamation site in northern Alberta, Canada, we compared soil and foliar nutrients to a wildfire‐impacted reference ecosystem with a similarity index. Specifically, we evaluated the similarity of forest floor‐mineral mix (FFM) and peat‐mineral mix (PM) as topsoil, as well as the effect of different depths of salvaged B and C horizon subsoil with PM on top. All reclamation treatments were planted with jack pine (Pinus banksianaLamb.) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloidesMichx.), which were used to examine foliar nutrient concentrations. Individual macronutrient concentrations were different among treatments in total soil nutrients, but differences decreased in soil bioavailable nutrients and disappeared altogether in foliar nutrients. The similarity index revealed that distinct differences existed between treatments, with FFM being the most similar to the wildfire site. It also revealed a potential deficiency in foliar and soil bioavailable Mn on PM, and that increased water content of deeper subsoils had little to no effect. With use of this nutrient profile similarity index, reclamation practitioners may be able to determine if different soil prescriptions lead to higher levels of similarity to natural ecosystems more quickly.
Advanced decision‐making using patient‐reported outcome measures in total joint replacement
Authors: Jayakumar Prakash , Bozic Kevin J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUp to one‐third of total joint replacement (TJR) procedures may be performed inappropriately in a subset of patients who remain dissatisfied with their outcomes, stressing the importance of shared decision‐making. Patient‐reported outcome measures capture physical, emotional, and social aspects of health and wellbeing from the patient's perspective. Powerful computer systems capable of performing highly sophisticated analysis using different types of data, including patient‐derived data, such as patient‐reported outcomes, may eliminate guess work, generating impactful metrics to better inform the decision‐making process. We have created a shared decision‐making tool which generates personalized predictions of risks and benefits from TJR based on patient‐reported outcomes as well as clinical and demographic data. We present the protocol for a randomized controlled trial designed to assess the impact of this tool on decision quality, level of shared decision‐making, and patient and process outcomes. We also discuss current concepts in this field and highlight opportunities leveraging patient‐reported data and artificial intelligence for decision support across the care continuum.
Storage characteristics of infrared radiation stabilized rice bran and its shelf‐life evaluation by prediction modeling
Authors: He Rong , Wang Yujiao , Zou Yucheng , Wang Zhigao , Ding Chao , Wu Ying , Ju Xingrong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice bran is a nutrient‐dense and resource‐rich byproduct produced from the rice milling. The limitation of rice bran utilization is mainly caused by oxidative deterioration. Improvement of stability to prolong rice bran shelf‐life has thus become an urgent requirement.RESULTSThe present study aimed to determine the characteristics of infrared radiation heat treatment of rice bran (IRRB) and raw rice bran stored under different temperatures. The effects of heating and storage time on physicochemical, microbial, storage stability and structural properties were investigated. Additionally, the prediction model for the shelf‐life of rice bran was established based on free fatty acids and the peroxide value by fitting the curve of bran lipid oxidation. The results obtained demonstrated that infrared radiation heating at 300 °C for 210 s resulted in decreased lipase activity and peroxidase activity of 73.05% and 81.50%, respectively. The free fatty acids and peroxide value of IRRB stored at 4 and 25 °C for 8 weeks were only reached at 2.35% and 3.17% and 2.53 and 3.64 meq kg−1, respectively. The shelf‐life prediction model showed the the shelf‐life of infrared radiation‐treated samples increased to 71.6 and 25.8 weeks under storage at 4 and 25 °C, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe stabilizing process could effectively suppress microbial growth and had no prominent effect on the physicochemical and microstructure properties of rice bran and, simultaneously, storage life was greatly extended. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
TRANSFOR­MATIONAL LEADERSHIP REQUIRES COURAGE
Authors: Beer Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe article emphasizes the need for leaders to act courageously in order for corporate transformations to succeed. Statistics point to the facts that most transformations fail to achieve or sustain envisioned changes. Findings are presented from the author's experience of 30 years leading True Point Partners, including what it calls an organizationwide honest, collective, and public (internally) conversation about an organization's ability to achieve its strategy and live its values. A case study is presented regarding Becton Dickinson's outgoing chief executive officer, Ed Ludwig, and his soon‐to‐be‐successor, Vince Forlenza, during 2010, when it was an eight‐billion‐dollar global medical technology. Although the company was already successful, a transformation for its new strategy would require the transformation of its whole system of organizing, managing, and leading. Seven points are discussed and elaborated onadvocate and inquire; inspire trust by revealing one's humanity; embrace feedback and own it; confront difficult problems and resolve conflict; courage‐enabled requisite systemic change; replace heroic leadership with collective leadership; suppress ego, become vulnerable, and learn. The conclusion asserts that the best leaders made honest, collective, and public conversation a regular and ongoing means for continuous improvement in effectiveness, trust, and commitment.
AIMING HIGH IN GLOBAL HEALTH CHALLENGES: PERSPECTIVES FROM A NONPROFIT LEADER
Authors: Saligram Nalini 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article presents the author's reflections on leadership and creating and running a nonprofit; in this case, the global health organization Arogya World, started in 2010. In that year, I saw noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)—chronic diseases including diabetes, cancer, heart disease, lung disease, and mental illness—as the next big frontier in global health, and one worth dedicating the rest of my life to. Statistics from the World Health Organization are noted around the prevalence and prevention of NCDs. Diabetes and its prevention in India is Arogya World's focus area because I have seen firsthand what diabetes does. I have the disease, as do others in my family. (“Arogya” means freedom from disease in Sanskrit.) Arogya World is a small nonprofit, but it thinks big and aims to be mighty. It has partnered with such entities as Emory University and the multinational company Nokia; as well as Northwestern University and Stanford's CARE (Center for Asian Health Research and Education). The conclusion notes that leaders are both thinkers and doers, with a good sense of self‐worth and a deep sense of purpose. They make meaningful contributions to society through being authentic, accountable, and delivering on their promises.
Optically Transparent and Thermal‐Stable Polyimide Films Derived from a Semi‐Aliphatic Diamine: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Wu Xiuming , Shu Chen , He Xiaoqian , Wang Shoubai , Fan Xiang , Yu Zhenhai , Yan Deyue , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA novel semi‐aliphatic diamine with bulky cyclohexyl and ortho‐substituted tertiary butyl groups (4,4'‐(cyclohexylmethylene)bis(2‐(tert‐butyl)aniline), CHMBTBA) is synthesized via Mannich and rearrangement reactions of cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde and 2‐tert‐butylaniline. Afterward, several semi‐aliphatic polyimides are prepared by the high‐temperature one‐pot polymerization of CHMBTBA with various aromatic dianhydrides respectively. The resulting PIs exhibit outstanding solubility in common organic solvents (i.e., trichloromethane, etc.) and are easily processed into light color or colorless transparent films (thickness: 25 ± 1 µm) by the blade coating of polymer solution. The transmittance of all resulting films is above 86% in the visible light region (400–760 nm). Their glass transition temperatures exceed 310 °C and reach even to 374 °C (by differential scanning calorimetry). They also display low water absorption (0.29–0.87%) and good mechanical properties (tensile strength: 50.9–87.7 MPa, Young's modulus: 2.0‐2.5 GPa, elongation at break: 3.8–7.6%). Thus, they are promising potential candidates for flexible display substrates.
Stability of equilibrium solutions of a double power reaction‐diffusion equation with a Dirac interaction
Authors: Hernández César Adolfo Melo , Mayorga Edgar Yesid Lancheros 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, information about the instability of equilibrium solutions of a nonlinear family of localized reaction‐diffusion equations in dimension one is provided. More precisely, explicit formulas to the equilibrium solutions are computed and, via analytic perturbation theory, the exact number of positive eigenvalues of the linear operator associated to the stability problem is analyzed. In addition, sufficient conditions for blow up of the solutions of the equation are also discussed.
The Peter Pan syndrome for small and medium‐sized enterprises: Evidence from Korean manufacturing firms
Authors: Choi Mincheol , Lee Chang‐Yang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study examines whether government support for small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), aimed at stimulating their growth, achieves its intended goal. We argue that government subsidies create the incentive for SMEs to remain small in order to keep receiving such support and thus SMEs are reluctant to grow. We call this phenomenon the Peter Pan syndrome. Using a dataset of Korean manufacturing firms during the period of 2010–2012, we find that the Peter Pan syndrome indeed exists and that the likelihood of the Peter Pan syndrome is conditioned by factors that influence their incentive to remain as SMEs.
Low‐profile TM incident retrodirective metasurface based on generalized sheet transition conditions and Babinet's principle
Authors: Lee Sun‐Gyu , Lee Jeong‐Hae 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article presents a method to design low‐profile TM incident retrodirective metasurface (RMS). The equivalent circuit model based on generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) and modified Babinet's principle are used to design the unit cell of RMS for full reflection phase coverage (FRPC). The slots on the unitcell and the artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) ground are used for TM wave and low‐profile, respectively. The height of the designed RMS is reduced by 50%, compared with previous TM incident RMS. The measured bistatic pattern and efficiency are in good agreement with those of the simulation.
Dispelling Myths and Unfounded Practices About Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Zoeller Stephanie , Bechtold Matthew L. , Burns Berri , Cattell Theresa , Grenda Brandee , Haffke Lindsey , Larimer Cara , Powers Jan , Reuning Fred , Tweel Lauren , Guenter Peggi ,   the ASPEN Enteral Nutrition Task Force
Published: January 2020

AbstractMany protocols and steps in the process of enteral nutrition (EN) use are not overly supported with strong research and have been done the same way over many years without questioning the use of best‐practices evidence. This article reports many of the myths and unfounded practices surrounding EN and attempts to refute those myths with current evidence. These practices include those about enteral access devices, formulas, enteral administration, and complications.