bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute promyelocytic leukemia: evolving therapeutic strategies
Authors: Tallman Martin S. , Nabhan Chadi , Feusner James H. , Rowe Jacob M. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is now the most curable subtype of acute myeloid leukemia in adults. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), which induces differentiation of the leukemic cells into mature granulocytes, represents the important advance. The incorporation of ATRA in induction results in a high complete remission rate, leads to rapid resolution of the characteristic life-threatening coagulopathy, and, most importantly, decreases the relapse rate compared with treatment with chemotherapy alone. However, ATRA is associated with unique toxicities not observed with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. A number of clinical trials have been performed to define the optimal role of ATRA in the treatment of patients. The therapeutic strategies have rapidly evolved as a result of both single institution and large cooperative group trials. Arsenic trioxide and stem cell transplantation are effective treatments for patients with APL who relapse after or are refractory to ATRA-based therapy. As experience with ATRA and arsenic trioxide in patients with APL accumulates, a number of important questions arise that need to be addressed.
Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome–acute myelogenous leukemia in patients treated for acute promyelocytic leukemia: an emerging problem
Authors: Latagliata Roberto , Petti Maria Concetta , Fenu Susanna , Mancini Marco , Spiriti Maria Antonietta Aloe , Breccia Massimo , Brunetti Gregorio A. , Avvisati Giuseppe , Coco Francesco Lo , Mandelli Franco 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The use of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in combination with chemotherapy has markedly improved the prognosis for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL); the higher complete remission (CR) and survival rates now reported in this disease almost approach those obtained for other highly curable hematologic malignancies. Of 77 patients with APL who were consecutively treated at a single institution and who achieved CR after induction and consolidation therapy, 5 (6.5%) acquired therapy-related myelodysplasia (tMDS), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), or both (tMDS–AML). Of these, 3 of 46 (6.5%) patients received front-line chemotherapy with or without ATRA and acquired tMDS–AML while in first remission of APL. Two underwent repeated chemotherapy cycles with ATRA because of APL relapse and acquired tMDS–AML while in the second or third remission of APL. In 2 patients, clinical and biologic characteristics of tMDS–AML were as expected for postalkylating forms (long latency, MDS phase preceding AML, karyotypic aberrations involving chromosomes 5 or 7), even though one of them had not previously received alkylating drugs. Three of the 5 patients died shortly after tMDS–AML diagnosis, one is alive with tMDS, and one is alive and in CR after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The occurrence of tMDS–AML after successful therapy for APL is an emerging problem. The availability of prognostic score systems at initial diagnosis and monitoring of residual disease by polymerase chain reaction might allow better tailoring of treatment intensity in APL to spare unnecessary toxicity and to minimize the risk for tMDS–AML in patients who are presumably cured.
Randomized Trial of Cisplatin and Ifosfamide With or Without Bleomycin in Squamous Carcinoma of the Cervix: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study
Authors: Bloss Jeffrey D. , Blessing John A. , Behrens Brent C. , Mannel Robert S. , Rader Janet S. , Sood Anil K. , Markman Maurie , Benda Jo 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: Phase II trial reports have suggested that the addition of bleomycin to the combination of cisplatin and ifosfamide may improve response rates and possible survival in squamous carcinoma of the cervix. This study prospectively evaluates the combination of bleomycin to this regimen in women with histologically proven advanced recurrent or persistent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible women were randomized to receive either cisplatin (50 mg/m2), ifosfamide (5 g/m2 over 24 hours), and mesna (6 g/m2 during ifosfamide infusion and the following 12 hours) (CI) versus bleomycin 30 units over 24 hours on day 1 followed by cisplatin (50 mg/m2), ifosfamide (5 g/m2 over 24 hours), and mesna (6 g/m2 during ifosfamide infusion and the following 12 hours) (CIB). Three hundred three women were enrolled onto this trial, of which 287 were assessable. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between CI and CIB with regard to response rates (32% v 31.2%, respectively), progression-free survival (PFS), or overall survival. PFS and survival were associated with initial performance status (PS). Patients with a PS of 0 experienced a lower rate of failure (P = .013) and a lower risk of death (P = .009) compared with patients with PS of 2. The most frequent grade 3/4 toxicities were leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting. Neither regimen was associated with a significant increase in incidence of these toxicities. CONCLUSION: The CI regimen was virtually identical to CIB with regard to response rate, PFS, survival, and toxicity profile. Thus, the addition of bleomycin in the dose-schedule employed to cisplatin and ifosfamide did not improve outcome in patients with advanced cervical cancer.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen as a Target for Therapeutic Anticancer Vaccines: A Review
Authors: Berinstein Neil L. 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: To describe the features of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) that are important for its use in vaccination approaches and review the clinical experience with therapeutic vaccines targeting CEA.METHODS: A PubMed search was performed on CEA, along with various qualifiers such as cancer vaccines, epitopes, and function. Relevant articles were reviewed.RESULTS: CEA is a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family and may play a role in tumorigenesis. CEA protein is processed and presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins for multiple alleles, including HLA A2, A3, and A24. T lymphocytes from healthy volunteers and cancer patients can recognize the processed epitopes of CEA and can become activated to lyse CEA-expressing tumors. Therapeutic vaccination approaches that have targeted CEA include vaccination with recombinant CEA protein, CEA anti-idiotype antibodies, and dendritic cells pulsed with agonist epitopes of CEA. Humoral responses have predominantly been induced with the first two approaches, whereas CD4 and CD8 responses, disease stabilization, and even objective clinical responses have been seen with the dendritic cell approach. Recently, CEA-poxvirus vectors encoding CEA and costimulatory molecules such as B7.1 have been shown to be safe and to induce increases in the frequency of T-cell precursors that recognize processed epitopes of CEA presented on MHC class 1 molecules. Disease stabilization has been seen in up to 37% of patients treated with these vaccines.CONCLUSION: Tolerance to CEA in patients with cancer can be overcome with several different vaccination approaches, and such vaccinations are safe and immunologically active. Poxvirus-based vaccines can reproducibly generate T-cell responses to CEA and to tumors expressing CEA. Clinical activity has been seen with poxvirus or dendritic cell approaches. Other approaches are also being explored.
Sustainable Fabrication and Transfer of High‐Precision Nanoparticle Arrays Using Recyclable Chemical Pattern Templates
Authors: Zha Huaining , Zhang Wenjie , Chen Peng , Tao Jing , Qiu Li , Yang Fan , Ye Shunsheng , Sang Yutao , Nie Zhihong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNanoparticle (NP) arrays, particularly those with plasmonic properties, have diverse applications in electronics, photonics, catalysis, and biosensing, but their precise and scalable fabrication remains challenging. In this work, a facile chemical‐based strategy is presented for the fabrication of precise NP patterns using a combination of soft thermal nanoimprinting and template‐directed assembly. The approach enables the creation of well‐defined NP arrays with single‐particle resolution and yields over 99%, covering a diverse range of NP sizes from 30 to 150 nm. These patterns can be transferred onto various substrates including semiconductors, insulators, 2D materials, and flexible polymers, maintaining high uniformity and repeatability for over 60 cycles with minimal degradation. Moreover, the method enables the fabrication of extensive NP arrays up to 1 cm2 with a positional accuracy of ±11 nm for 30 nm NPs. As a result, the obtained silver NP arrays exhibit ultranarrow surface lattice resonances with a linewidth of 4 nm and a quality factor (Q) of 216. The method offers new avenues for the creation of plasmonic NP arrays for flexible and wearable devices.
Liver organoids: From 3D printing to biomedical applications
Authors: Shi Ying , Han Xin , Zhang Zheng , Xu Jiangtao , Liu Guozhen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe liver is an immune organ, especially an immune tolerance organ. The critical shortage of donor organs and disease models for the treatment of end‐stage liver failure underscores the urgent need for the generation of liver organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Notably, significant advancements have been made in the study of liver organoids over the past decade. The construction of liver organoids has transitioned from single cell type to multicellular models, and from two‐dimensional to three‐dimensional cultures. Here we provide the progress surrounding the different liver organoids culture techniques from 3D printing to organ‐on‐chip, as well as focuses on the present and future applications of liver organoids, and then to present challenges and perspectives ahead for further advancement.
Classifying Female Sexual Homicide Offenders: A Latent Class Analysis of Murder Arrestees in the U.S.
Authors: Chan Heng Choon (Oliver) , DeLisi Matt , Edgemon Timothy G. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTResearch on sexual homicides has primarily focused on male offenders, and thus little is known about female offenders who perpetrated sexual homicides. This study aimed to develop the first statistical classification of female single‐victim (SV) sexual homicide offenders (SHOs) using the U.S. FBI's Supplementary Homicide Reports database that spanned over a 47‐year period (1976–2022). A latent class analysis (LCA) was computed to detect subtypes of female SHOs in a sample of 158 offenders. Findings of the LCA identified two unique classes of female SHOs exist within the data: White intra‐familial offenders and Black extra‐familial offenders. The distinguishing features of these two classes were the offender's racial group, the victim's age and racial groups, the offender‐victim relationship, the geographical urbanness level of crime location, and weapon use. This empirically‐derived offender classification can be informative to law enforcement agents and security professionals in their investigative strategies.
Methods of nivolumab administration in advanced melanoma: A comparison of patients’ clinical outcomes treated with flat dose or weight‐adjusted dose, a multicenter observational study
Authors: Le Brun Iona Campo , Dalle Séphane , Mortier Laurent , Dereure Olivier , Rat Sophie Dalac , Dutriaux Caroline , Leccia Marie‐Thérèse , Legoupil Delphine , Montaudié Henri , De Quatrebarbes Julie , Gaudy‐Marqueste Caroline , Maubec Eve , Saiag Philippe , Pagès Cécile , Possenti Florence Brunet , Granel‐Brocard Florence , Porcher Raphaël , Lefevre Wendy , Lebbé Célèste , Kempf Emmanuelle 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundNivolumab obtained approval in advanced melanoma (AM) with weight‐adjusted dose (WAD) administration (3 mg/kg/2 weeks). In 2018, the dosage regimen was changed to flat dose (FD) administration (240 mg/2 weeks or 480 mg/4 weeks) based on a modeling study, without clinical data.MethodsAM patients have been prospectively included in the French national multicenter MelBase database since 2013. First‐line patients treated with nivolumab monotherapy were included in the WAD or FD groups of this study. The primary end point was the incidence of grade ≥3 immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Secondary end points were incidence of any grade irAEs, and overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to balance groups on their baseline characteristics.ResultsBetween 2015 and 2022, 348 patients were included: 160 in the WAD and 188 in the FD groups. In the FD group, 45% and 27% of patients weighed <75 kg and >85 kg, respectively. Grade ≥3 and any grade irAEs rates were 13.1% versus 11.7% (p = .8) and 63.1% versus 67.0% (p = .5) in the WAD and FD groups, respectively. After weighting, median PFS was 3.1 and 3.7 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65–1.07), and median OS was 24.8 and 37.0 months (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.54–1.01) in the WAD and FD groups, respectively.ConclusionsThere was no difference in the incidence of severe irAEs and in median PFS between AM patients treated by WAD or FD nivolumab. The median OS between patient groups did not reach statistical significance.
Extended Multivariate EGARCH Model: A Model for Zero‐Return and Negative Spillovers
Authors: Xu Yongdeng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces an extended multivariate EGARCH model that overcomes the zero‐return problem and allows for negative news and volatility spillover effects, making it an attractive tool for multivariate volatility modeling. Despite limitations, such as noninvertibility and unclear asymptotic properties of the QML estimator, our Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the standard QML estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal for larger sample sizes (i.e., ). Two empirical examples demonstrate the model's superior performance compared to multivariate GJR‐GARCH and Log‐GARCH models in volatility modeling. The first example analyzes the daily returns of three stocks from the DJ30 index, while the second example investigates volatility spillover effects among the bond, stock, crude oil, and gold markets. Overall, this extended multivariate EGARCH model offers a flexible and comprehensive framework for analyzing multivariate volatility and spillover effects in empirical finance research.
Diagnosis Related Payment for Inpatient Mental Health Care: Hospital Selection and Effects on Length of Stay
Authors: Valder Franziska , Reif Simon , Tauchmann Harald 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe study a policy introducing diagnosis related payment for inpatient mental health care in Germany with rates decreasing over length of stay. Using data on all hospital cases, we first examine which hospitals voluntarily opt into the new scheme. We show that specialized hospitals that treat more complicated cases and are reimbursed more highly under the new scheme select into it. Second, we study the effect of diagnosis related payment on length of stay. We find that diagnosis related payment is associated with large reductions in length of stay but has no effect on mortality, post‐acute care, or the ambulatory sector. We argue that the reductions in length of stay are driven by the fact that diagnoses related reimbursement is higher for more complex cases and by payment decreasing over length of stay. This novel evidence contributes to a scarce literature on the role of payment systems for inpatient mental health care and provides important insights for policymakers.
Communication‐Efficient Distributed Gradient Descent via Random Projection
Authors: Qi Haobo , Gao Yuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe gradient descent algorithm is one type of communication‐efficient algorithm in distributed computing as it only requires transmitting the gradient vectors to update parameters. However, as the dimensionality of model parameters increases, even transmitting the gradients alone can result in a significant amount of communication costs. On the other hand, many local computers in the distributed system may suffer from communication bandwidth limitations, so the transmission of the full gradients are practically prohibited. Therefore, reducing the communication cost of gradient descent algorithms, particularly the communication bandwidth, becomes an important issue. To address this problem, we propose a randomly projected gradient descent (RPGD) algorithm. The proposed algorithm consists of three main steps. First, the gradient computed by the local computers is compressed into a low‐dimensional vector using a random matrix. Then, these projected gradients are transmitted to the central computer, aggregated and broadcasted back to the local ones. Finally, the local computers recover the gradients to their original dimensions and update the parameters. By employing random projection, we can reduce the communication bandwidth requirements in distributed computing while we can also provide better privacy protection for local computers. We have provided a theoretical convergence analysis of the RPGD algorithm. Extensive numerical studies have been conducted to demonstrate the finite sample performance of the proposed method.
Dynamical implications of the Kerr multipole moments for spinning black holes
Authors: Scheopner T. , Vines J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Previously the linearized stress tensor of a stationary Kerr black hole has been used to determine some of the values of gravitational couplings for a spinning black hole to linear order in the Riemann tensor in the action (worldline or quantum field theory). In particular, the couplings on operators containing derivative structures of the form (𝑆 ∙ ∇)𝑛 acting on the Riemann tensor were fixed, with 𝑆𝜇 the spin vector of the black hole. In this paper we find that the Kerr solution determines all of the multipole moments in the sense of Dixon of a stationary spinning black hole and that these multipole moments determine all linear in 𝑅 couplings. For example, additional couplings beyond the previously mentioned are fixed on operators containing derivative structures of the form 𝑆2𝑛(𝑝 ∙ ∇)2𝑛 acting on the Riemann tensor with 𝑝𝜇 the momentum vector of the black hole. These additional operators do not contribute to the three-point amplitude, and so do not contribute to the linearized stress tensor for a stationary black hole. However, we find that they do contribute to the Compton amplitude. Additionally, we derive formal expressions for the electromagnetic and gravitational Compton amplitudes of generic spinning bodies to all orders in spin in the worldline formalism and evaluated expressions for these amplitudes to 𝒪(𝑆3) in electromagnetism and 𝒪(𝑆5) in gravity.
Key factors influencing cycling performance and overall race time in the Ironman 70.3 for amateur athletes
Authors: Vivan Lavínia , dos Anjos Souza Vinicius Ribeiro , Engelke Paulo , de Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz , Weiss Katja , Knechtle Beat , Andrade Marilia Santos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Previous study has shown that cycling is the most predictive modality in the Ironman 70.3 triathlon distance. As a result, understanding the physiological and anthropometric variables that are mostly closely related to cycling performance can help coaches and athletes to direct their training programs. This study aimed to investigate the physiological, anthropometric, and general training characteristics influencing overall race time and cycling split time in Ironman 70.3. The present study also investigated the significance of body composition as a performance-related variable.

Methods
A questionnaire was used to assess training characteristics in 12 athletes (six men and six women), body composition in dual X-ray absorptiometry, and physiological variables in an incremental cardiopulmonary test. Ironman 70.3 São Paulo–Brazil 2023 was completed by all participants. The relationship between performance and the variables measured were investigated, and a multiple regression model for cycling split time and overall race time was developed.

Results
Functional threshold power (FTP) can predict cycling split time in Ironman 70.3 (r2 = 0.638, p = 0.002). Maximal oxygen uptake ($$\dot{\text{V}}$$

V
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O2max) (r2 = 0.667, p = 0.001) can predict overall race time. FTP and $$\dot{\text{V}}$$

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O2max are also strongly related to lean mass and fat mass percentage.

Conclusion
While FTP is the most important predictor of cycling split time, $$\dot{\text{V}}$$

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O2max is the most important predictor of overall race time in an Ironman 70.3. Furthermore, because body composition (fat mass %) and muscle mass (kg) are variables strongly related to FTP and $$\dot{\text{V}}$$

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O2max, we recommend that coaches and athletes consider to conduct a body composition assessment.
Assessing the Long-Term Sustainability of Germanium Supply and Price Using the WORLD7 Integrated Assessment Model
Authors: Sverdrup Harald Ulrik , Haraldsson Hördur Valdimar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe WORLD7 model was used to assess the sustainability of production and market supply of germanium. The model incorporates dynamic market dynamics, mass balance, and endogenous dynamic market prices based on supply and demand dynamics. The results suggest that there will be germanium scarcity in the near future, and a price increase is predicted. Future demand for germanium for the photovoltaic technologies can only partially be met. The total global extractable potential for germanium was estimated to be about 342,000 tons in 2022 from a geological presence of about 5.5 million tons. The major obstacle for germanium supply is the opportunity for extraction from mother metals, the availability of the required infrastructure, and low extraction yields. Germanium is extracted as a secondary metal from zinc and fly-ash today, but potential new sources are lead, copper, nickel refining residuals, and Bayer liquid from bauxite processing. The maximum germanium production rate was estimated to be about 1250 ton/year. The actual 2023 global extraction rate is about 210 ton/year. With respect to supply sustainability, germanium may suffer from a scarcity of supply and limit the application of key technologies in the future. The supply per person peaks in 2053 and declines to 2020 level by 2200. A doubling of demand above business-as-usual would imply germanium shortages in the market. The recycling rate for germanium is far too low for a circular society, and the supply situation may be significantly improved if the recycling rate can be increased substantially. The implications for the EU imaginaries indicate that four policy pathway approaches would be necessary to address the scarcity of germanium: regulation and innovation, investment in local solutions, market-driven adaptations, and community engagement/conservation.