bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalyst‐Free and Visible Light Promoted Aminofluoroalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes: An Access to Fluorinated Aziridines
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Xiao , Jia Jia , Wang Ze , Zhang Yu‐Ting , Chen Jiao , Yang Ke , He Chun‐Yang , Zhao Liang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFluorinated aziridines are very important structural motifs, but methods access to such structures are still very rare. In this paper, we report a mild, catalyst‐free and operationally simple strategy for the direct aminofluoroalkylation of olefins driven by the noncovalent interaction between N‐allylanilines and fluoroalkyl iodides. This photochemical transformation features synthetic simplicity, mild reaction conditions, without the use of any photoredox catalyst, and high functional group tolerance. Moreover, the structures can be used as important precursors for the synthesis of β‐fluoroalkylated alkylamine derivatives, such as fluorinated amino acids and fluorinated 2‐pyrrolidinones.magnified image
In Situ Growth of All‐Inorganic Perovskite Single Crystal Arrays on Electron Transport Layer
Authors: Tang Xiaobing , Chen Wei , Wu Dan , Gao Aijing , Li Gaomin , Sun Jiayun , Yi Kangyuan , Wang Zhaojin , Pang Guotao , Yang Hongcheng , Guo Renjun , Liu Haochen , Zhong Huaying , Huang Mingyuan , Chen Rui , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Sun Xiao Wei , Wang Kai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDirectly growing perovskite single crystals on charge carrier transport layers will unravel a promising route for the development of emerging optoelectronic devices. Herein, in situ growth of high‐quality all‐inorganic perovskite (CsPbBr3) single crystal arrays (PeSCAs) on cubic zinc oxide (c‐ZnO) is reported, which is used as an inorganic electron transport layer in optoelectronic devices, via a facile spin‐coating method. The PeSCAs consist of rectangular thin microplatelets of 6–10 µm in length and 2–3 µm in width. The deposited c‐ZnO enables the formation of phase‐pure and highly crystallized cubic perovskites via an epitaxial lattice coherence of (100)CsPbBr3∥(100)c‐ZnO, which is further confirmed by grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. The PeSCAs demonstrate a significant structural stability of 26 days with a 9 days excellent photoluminescence stability in ambient environment, which is much superior to the perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs). The high crystallinity of the PeSCAs allows for a lower density of trap states, longer carrier lifetimes, and narrower energetic disorder for excitons, which leads to a faster diffusion rate than PeNCs. These results unravel the possibility of creating the interface toward c‐ZnO heterogeneous layer, which is a major step for the realization of a better integration of perovskites and charge carrier transport layers.
Cooperative Application of Conventional and Microwave Heating
Authors: Fulo Harvey F. , Vincent Morgan A. , Stiegman Albert E. , Dudley Gregory B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe coordinated, cooperative use of microwave heating with conventional heating can provide advantages in chemical synthesis. Here, heterogeneous mixtures comprising ionic, highly microwave‐absorbing organic reagents and nearly microwave‐transparent arene solvents are heated conventionally and/or with microwaves, resulting in faster and, in some cases, higher yielding reactions when the two heating methods are applied cooperatively as compared to either method independently. Control experiments in more polar arene solvents show no advantage of cooperative heating, consistent with selective microwave heating phenomena. The experiments are facilitated by reactor technology that regulates internal reaction temperature and coordinates the application of conventional and microwave heating. The positive outcomes in this initial exploratory system suggest that cooperative heating can offer benefits in other systems designed for selective microwave heating.
Specific sublingual immunotherapy in children with perennial rhinitis: a systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Liang , Lei Lijuan , Cai Yinghuang , Li Tianlin 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) is a major public health problem and is increasing worldwide. AR affects children's learning efficiency, sleep quality, and other major aspects of life. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is effective and safe for children with seasonal AR, but for children with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) caused by house dust mites (HDM), its effectiveness and safety is less convincing.MethodsMedical literature databases up to 2019 were searched for published and unpublished pieces of evidence. Studies were individually screened by 2 reviewers against the eligibility criteria. Primary outcomes were total nasal symptoms scores (TNSS) and total medication scores (TMS). The secondary outcomes were total ocular symptoms scores and adverse events (AEs). Random effect models and fixed‐effect models were used to calculate the standard mean difference (SMD) and risk ratio (RR), respectively.ResultsWe identified 3772 abstracts, of which only 16 studies met our established criteria. SLIT significantly reduced TNSS (SMD –1.73; 95% CI, –2.62 to –0.84; p = 0.0001) and TMS (SMD –1.21; 95% CI, –1.75 to –0.67; p < 0.00001). Compared with children taking placebo, children taking SLIT were 1.08 (95% CI, 1 to 1.17; p = 0.05), 1.15 (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.51; p = 0.32), and 1.68 (95% CI, 0.68 to 4.11; p = 0.26) times more likely to develop mild, moderate, and severe AEs, respectively.ConclusionHDM SLIT can effectively alleviate TNSS and TMS in children with PAR, but care should be taken to avoid harm due to possible adverse drug reactions.
Dual‐Shelled RbLi(Li3SiO4)2:Eu2+@Al2O3@ODTMS Phosphor as a Stable Green Emitter for High‐Power LED Backlights
Authors: Zhao Ming , Cao Kun , Liu Mengjia , Zhang Jing , Chen Rong , Zhang Qinyuan , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe stability of luminescent materials is a key factor for the practical application in white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Poor chemical stability of narrow‐band green‐emitting RbLi(Li3SiO4)2:Eu2+ (RLSO:Eu2+) phosphor hinders their further commercialization even if they have excellent stability against thermal quenching. Herein, we propose an efficient protection scheme by combining the surface coating of amorphous Al2O3 and hydrophobic modification by octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODTMS) to construct the moisture‐resistant dual‐shelled RLSO:Eu2+@Al2O3@ODTMS composite. The growth mechanisms of both the Al2O3 inorganic layer and the silane organic layer on the phosphor surface are investigated. The results remarkably improve the water‐stability of this narrow‐band green emitter. The evaluation of the white LED by employing this composite as the green component demonstrates that RLSO:Eu2+@Al2O3@ODTMS is a promising candidate for the high‐performance display backlights, and this dual‐shelled strategy provides an alternative method to improve the moisture‐resistant property of humidity‐sensitive phosphors.
Elektro‐reduktive Cobalt‐katalysierte Carboxylierung: Kreuzelektrophile Elektrokupplung mit atmosphärischem CO2
Authors: Ang Nate W. J. , Oliveira João C. A. , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDie chemische Verwendung von CO2 als kostengünstiges und ungiftiges C1‐Synthon ist von bedeutendem Interesse für den Kohlenstoffhaushalt in Bezug auf Einfang und Verwendung (CCU). Wir präsentieren die Fusion von Cobalt‐Katalyse und elektrochemischer Synthese für die milde katalytische Carboxylierung von Allylchloriden mit CO2. Styrylessigsäure‐Derivate wurden mit mäßigen bis guten Ausbeuten und guter Toleranz gegenüber funktionellen Gruppen erhalten. Die so erhaltenen Produkte sind als vielseitige Synthons für γ‐Arylbutyrolactone nützlich. Cyclovoltammetrie und kinetische In‐operando‐Analysen wurden durchgeführt, um mechanistische Einblicke in die elektrokatalytische Carboxylierung mit CO2 zu erhalten.
A Honeycomb‐Like Bulk Superstructure of Carbon Nanosheets for Electrocatalysis and Energy Storage
Authors: Zou Lianli , Hou Chun‐Chao , Wang Qiuju , Wei Yong‐Sheng , Liu Zheng , Qin Jun‐Sheng , Pang Huan , Xu Qiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSuperstructures have attracted extensive attention because of their potential applications in materials science and biology. Herein, we fabricate the first centimeter‐sized porous superstructure of carbon nanosheets (SCNS) by using metal–organic framework nanoparticles as a template and polyvinylpyrrolidone as an additional carbon source. The SCNS shows a honeycomb‐like morphology with wall‐sharing carbon cages, in each cavity of which a porous carbon sphere is encapsulated. A single piece of SCNS is directly used as the electrode for a two‐electrode symmetrical supercapacitor cell without any binders and supports, benefiting from its advantage in ultra‐large geometric size, and the Fe‐immobilized SCNS exhibits excellent catalytic performances for oxygen reduction reaction and in a Zn–air battery. This synthetic strategy presents a facile approach for preparing functional SCNS at centimetric scale with controllable morphologies and compositions favoring the fabrication of energy devices.
Refactoring the Concise Biosynthetic Pathway of Cyanogramide Unveils Spirooxindole Formation Catalyzed by a P450 Enzyme
Authors: Zhu Yiguang , Zhang Qingbo , Fang Chunyan , Zhang Yingli , Ma Liang , Liu Zhiwen , Zhai Shilan , Peng Jing , Zhang Liping , Zhu Weiming , Zhang Changsheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCyanogramide (1) from the marine actinomycete Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus WH1‐2216‐6 features a unique spirooxindole skeleton and exhibits significant bioactivity to efficiently reverse drug resistance in tumor cells. The biosynthetic gene cluster of 1 in A. cyanogriseus WH1‐2216‐6 was identified and refactored by promoter engineering for heterologous expression in Streptomyces coelicolor YF11, thereby enabling the production of 1 and five new derivatives. Interesting, four of them, including 1, were identified as enantiomeric mixtures in different ratios. The functions of tailoring enzymes, including two methyltransferases (CyaEF), and three cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CyaGHI) were confirmed by gene inactivation and feeding experiments, leading to the elucidation of a concise biosynthetic pathway for 1. Notably, CyaH was biochemically verified to catalyze the formation of the spirooxindole skeleton in 1 through an unusual carbocation‐mediated semipinacol‐type rearrangement reaction.
Measurement of Solubilization Location in Micelles Using Anchored Aggregation‐Induced Emission Donors
Authors: Guan Weijiang , Yang Tingting , Lu Chao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSolubilization locations play a critical role in developing advanced surfactants and improving solubilization power in micelle‐based applications. However, the current polarity‐based techniques for measuring solubilization locations could come to conflicting conclusions. The key challenge is the unpredictable polarities in the micellar microenvironment. Now, an approach that is independent of micellar polarities is used to measure solubilization locations by covalently linking tetraphenylethylene (TPE) to the alkyl chain end of cationic surfactants. The solubilization locations of solubilized acceptors in the TPE‐cored spherical micelles were accurately measured by calculating the Förster resonance energy transfer distance between anchored TPE donors and solubilized acceptors. Solubilization locations of solubilized substances in the micellar interior and at the micellar surface depend on their size and hydrophobicity, respectively.
Poly(acrylic acid)/poly(acrylamide) hydrogel adsorbent for removing methylene blue
Authors: Lv Qingyun , Shen Yong , Qiu Yu , Wu Min , Wang Liming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCationic dye can cause severe damage to the environment due to their refractory degradation, complex composition and strong stability. Hydrogels as adsorbents have been widely used to treatment the wastewater with dyestuff for their low prices, simple operations, and high efficiency. This work uses poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/poly(acrylamide)(PAM)/calcium hydroxide nanoparticles (CHN) polymeric hydrogel absorbent to eliminate methylene blue (MB) dye. First, PAM/PAA/CHN hydrogel is produced through copolymerization of acrylic acid monomer and acrylamide monomer using inorganic CHN as cross‐linker. And then, the adsorption performance of such PAM/PAA/CHN hydrogel adsorbent for adsorbing MB dye is explored at different conditions including pH, contacting time, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of MB, and temperature. A maximum adsorption capability for adsorbing MB reaches 1,056 mg/g. Furthermore, the pseudo‐first‐order mode and Langmuir isotherm model can well describe adsorption behavior of MB dye onto such PAA/PAM/CHN hydrogel adsorbent. Thereby, as‐prepared PAA/PAM/CHN hydrogel could be a potential adsorbent for eliminating organic dyes from wastewater.
NIR‐responsive Fe3O4@PPy nanocomposite for efficient potential use in photothermal therapy
Authors: Getiren Bengü , Çıplak Zafer , Gökalp Ceren , Yıldız Nuray 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, superparamagnetic Fe3O4@PPy nanocomposite with core‐shell structure having strong near‐infrared (NIR) absorption is synthesized via a facile two‐step modified procedure. The prepared nanocomposite samples are characterized by UV–vis, FTIR, SEM, TEM, VSM, and XRD. The effects of laser power density (1.5–2.5 W cm−2) and aqueous concentration (0.01–0.2 mg ml−1) of the nanocomposite on the photothermal performance are investigated in the NIR region (808 nm). At 0.1 mg ml−1 concentration, the temperature reaches up to 50.1°C, 64.1°C, and 78.4°C within 10 min, under 1.5 W cm−2, 2.0 W cm−2, and 2.5 W cm−2 NIR laser power density values, respectively. Photothermal conservation efficiency is calculated as 43.9% and the nanocomposite exhibits excellent photothermal stability. In summary, the core‐shell Fe3O4@PPy nanocomposite is a promising candidate for photothermal therapy and simultaneous magnetic field‐guided treatments.
One‐step fabrication of superhydrophobic sponge with magnetic controllable and flame‐retardancy for oil removing and collecting
Authors: Liang Ling , Liu Pengfei , Su Haijian , Qian Hang , Ma Hongkun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWater pollution arising from oil spillage and chemical leakage has emerged as a critical problem imposing threat to the human and animal health. Effective removal of oils and chemical from water has become a global challenge. Recently, superhydrophobic/superoleophilic magnetic controllable (SHPB‐SOPI‐MC) porous materials have attracted more attention in the field of oil‐removing because of the high selectivity, large absorption capacity, easy collection, and ideal recyclability. Moreover, in order to keep safety, the fire proofing performance should be taken into consideration. Therefore, fabricating SHPB‐SOPI‐MC porous materials with flame‐retardancy through a low cost and simple strategy is necessary but also challenging. In this work, an ultrasound‐assisted dip‐coating method was applied to fabricate polydimethylsiloxane‐vermiculite‐Fe3O4 (PDMS‐VMT‐Fe3O4) coating onto discarded polyurethane (d‐PU) sponge, which exhibited superhydrophobic, superoleophilic, magnetic controllable, and flame‐resistant properties. The PDMS‐VMT‐Fe3O4@d‐PU sponge owned excellent mechanical durability, chemical stability, and long‐term storage stability. Importantly, the PDMS‐VMT‐Fe3O4@d‐PU sponge instantly adsorbed oil floating on water under magnetic field driving. Furthermore, PDMS‐VMT‐Fe3O4@d‐PU sponge absorbed various oils and chemical with ideal selectivity, absorption capacity (up to 40 times of its own weight), speed, and recyclability (exceeding 100 cycles). These findings suggested that PDMS‐VMT‐Fe3O4@d‐PU sponge was a promising oil‐removing material for practical application of oil spills cleanup.
UPLC–MS/MS simultaneous determination of seven active ingredients of Yaobitong capsule in rat plasma and its integrated pharmacokinetic application
Authors: Deng Yajie , Li Xianhui , Xiao Wei , Wang Zhenzhong , Xiong Zhili , Zhao Longshan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA reliable and sensitive UPLC–MS/MS method was first established and validated for the simultaneous determination of seven active ingredients of Yaobitong capsule in rat plasma: ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, osthole, tetrahydropalmatine, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, and ferulic acid. And this method was further applied for the integrated pharmacokinetic study of Yaobitong capsule in rats after oral administration. Plasma samples (100 μL) were precipitated with 300 μL of methanol using carbamazepine as internal standard. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an Aquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm), with the mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. The method was validated using a good linear relationship (r ≥ 0.991), and the lower limit of quantification of the analytes ranged from 0.5 to 40 ng/mL. In the integrated pharmacokinetic study, the weight coefficient was calculated by the ratio of AUC0–∞ of each component to the total AUC0–∞ of the seven active ingredients. The integrated pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, Tmax, and t1/2 were 81.54 ± 9.62 ng/mL, 1.00 ± 0.21 h, and 3.26 ± 1.14 h, respectively. The integration of pharmacokinetic parameters showed a shorter t1/2 because of fully considering the contribution of the characteristics of each active ingredient to the overall pharmacokinetics.
High‐throughput serum metabolomics analysis of gouty arthritis rat treated by total saponins of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Makino by UPLC–Q/TOF–MS
Authors: Yu Donghua , Wang Yu , Yu Chunmiao , Song Mingyang , Zhou Qi , Liu Shumin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRhizoma Dioscoreae Makino (RDM) is effective in treating gouty arthritis (GA) and hyperuricacidemia, especially in promoting uric acid excretion and reducing the inflammatory reaction. Bioactive constituents in RDM are mainly steroidal saponins such as dioscin, trillin, protodioscin and protogracillin. However, the mechanism of its anti‐GA action is still unclear, owing to the complex pathological and physiological characteristics of GA, and integration of RDM with multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pathways. Herein, a GA rat model was induced with monosodium urate (MSU), and RDM reduced inflammation of rat synovium tissue. Through metabolomics analysis, 35 potential biomarkers with significant changes involved in the pathogenesis of GA induced by MSU were identified, and perturbations were restored after RDM treatment. The most correlated pathways involved in d‐galactose, d‐mannose, d‐glucose, myoinositol, Phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0/16:0), LysoPC (15:0), phosphatidic acid (PA) [18:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z)] and glutathione induced by MSU were galactose metabolism, inositol phosphate metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and glutathione metabolism, and the derivations of all those biomarkers could be regulated by RDM treatment. RDM has a therapeutic effect on GA by intervening in changes in endogenous metabolisms and the related metabolic pathways.
Enhancing corporate sustainable development: Proactive environmental strategy, stakeholder pressure and the moderating effect of firm size
Authors: Seroka‐Stolka Oksana , Fijorek Kamil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe article evaluates the influence of pressure of 10 distinct types of stakeholders on the adoption of environmental strategies, with the special focus on the proactive environmental strategy (PES). The moderation effect of the company size on this relationship is investigated in depth. The existence of the relationship between stakeholder pressure and environmental strategies has been explored by numerous studies. The study adds significantly to this ongoing discussion as the moderation effect of the company size was explored scarcely so far in the literature. The results from the multinomial logistic regression models confirmed almost unanimously the effect of stakeholder pressure and the presence of the moderation. Positive, but nonlinear, direct and moderated effect of pressures of regulators, competitors, clients, NGOs, media, shareholders and employees on PES was discovered. In case of suppliers, consumers and top management, the pressure–PES relation was more complex. Also, large companies seem to be more resilient to pressures than the smaller ones when adopting PES.
Recent advances in domesticating non‐model microorganisms
Authors: Fatma Zia , Schultz J. Carl , Zhao Huimin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNon‐model microorganisms have been increasingly explored as microbial cell factories for production of chemicals, fuels, and materials owing to their unique physiology and metabolic capabilities. However, these microorganisms often lack facile genetic tools for strain development, which hinders their adoption as production hosts. In this review, we describe recent advances in domestication of non‐model microorganisms, including bacteria, actinobacteria, cyanobacteria, yeast, and fungi, with a focus on the development of genetic tools. In addition, we highlight some successful applications of non‐model microorganisms as microbial cell factories.
Wireless bioreactor for anaerobic cultivation of bacteria
Authors: Lin Ding‐Shun , Lee Chih‐Hsien , Yang Ya‐Tang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnaerobic cultivation methods of bacteria are indispensable in microbiology. One methodology is to cultivate the microbes in anaerobic enclosure with oxygen‐adosrbing chemicals. Here, we report an electronic extension of such strategy for facultative anaerobic bacteria. The technique is based a bioreactor with entire operation including turbidity measurement, fluidic mixing, and gas delivery in an anaerobic enclosure. Wireless data transmission is employed and the anaerobic condition is achieved with gas pack. Although the technique is not meant to completely replace the anaerobic chamber for strict anaerobic bacteria, it provides a convenient way to bypass the cumbersome operation in anaerobic chamber for facultative anaerobic bacteria. Such a cultivation strategy is demonstrated with Escherichia coli with different carbon sources and hydrogen as energy source.
An AI‐based virtual simulation experimental teaching system in space engineering education
Authors: Shen Yang , Yu Peng , Lu Hang , Zhang Xiangling , Zeng Haijun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn recent years, cognitive computing has represented an artifical intelligence (AI)‐based application of the next‐generation interaction among human beings. This study analyses the cognitive internet of things and proposes a Soft K‐Means Fuzzy Clustering approach. The paper presents the data collection procedure from the space applications, the data analysis by cognitive computing, and the ways of overcoming problems of scalability and flexibility. The interactions between robot team members and people become necessary for many real‐life applications. This study mainly focuses on the precision and complexity of the model, time of computation, and scalability. Furthermore, it demonstrates the AI's ability to enhance the communication skills of the multirobot team by making complex activities to carry out all tasks more effectively.