bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing the Amount of Single‐Qubit Rotations in VQE and Related Algorithms
Authors: Rasmussen Stig Elkjær , Loft Niels Jakob Søe , Bækkegaard Thomas , Kues Michael , Zinner Nikolaj Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the advent of hybrid quantum classical algorithms using parameterized quantum circuits, the question of how to optimize these algorithms and circuits emerges. In this paper, it is shown that the number of single‐qubit rotations in parameterized quantum circuits can be decreased without compromising the relative expressibility or entangling capability of the circuit. It is also shown that the performance of a variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is unaffected by a similar decrease in single‐qubit rotations. Relative expressibility and entangling capability are compared across different number of qubits in parameterized quantum circuits. High‐dimensional qudits as a platform for hybrid quantum classical algorithms is a rarity in the literature. Therefore, quantum frequency comb photonics is considered as a platform for such algorithms and it is shown that a relative expressibility and entangling capability comparable to the best regular parameterized quantum circuits can be obtained.
Atmospheric Oxidation Reactions of Methyl Salicylate as Green Leaf Volatiles by OH Radical: Theoretical Kinetics and Mechanism
Authors: Seif Ahmad , Domingo Luis Ramon , Mazarei Elham , Zahedi Ehsan , Ahmadi Temer Shah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGreen leaf volatile (GLV) organic compounds, released from vegetation, act as plants’ multifunctional weapon and are known to be a source of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). In the present study, the mechanism of oxidation reaction of methyl salicylate (MeSa), a known GLV, by OH radical has been investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT). Canonical transition state (CTST) and Rice‐Ramsperger‐Kassel‐Marcus theories (RRKM) with Wigner and Eckart tunneling correction were applied to calculate the transition pressure, the total rate constant, and the individual rate constants for every channel of this oxidation reaction of MeSa with OH radical. The calculated overall bimolecular rate constant with Eckart tunneling correction for the title reaction is 1.18×109 and 1.01×109 L mol−1s−1 at Mn15‐L/aug‐cc‐pVTZ and MN15‐L/MG3S levels of theory in the gas phase at 298 K which is comparable to the experimental reported value of 6.66×109 L mol−1s−1, indicating that the results of MN15‐L/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level of theory is more accurate. Investigation of transition pressure and fall‐off curve of unimolecular channels at proposed mechanism for oxidation reaction of MeSa revealed that the TST breaks down slightly to estimate the high pressure limit of reaction rate and the reaction become second order (bimolecular reaction). Furthermore, the atmospheric lifetime of MeSa is about 2.95 and 3.44 days calculated at those two levels of theory, respectively, which indicates that MeSa can be considered as a medium‐lifetime organic volatile compound.
Using Natural Pelt Patterns to Estimate Population Abundance with Mark–Resight Models
Authors: Teton Ben S. , Lewis Jesse S. , Wright Christina T. , White Michael , Young Hillary 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTTo estimate population abundance of wide‐ranging and elusive species, wildlife managers require practical data‐collection methods that are efficient, accurate, and cost‐effective. Natural abundance marking can provide a useful solution, but it has largely been utilized only for conservation monitoring of species with very high distinctiveness. We estimated abundance of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa), a widespread pest species with low to moderate distinctiveness, in the Tehachapi Mountains of California, USA. Wild pigs are increasingly recognized as a major threat to wildland communities throughout the United States, but we still lack cost‐effective ways to track their populations. We used natural markings to identify individuals for mark–resight population estimation, developing a method based on standardized thresholds of image quality and animal flank distinctiveness to account for the inherent variability of natural markings among individuals. We tested our method over a 15‐month period during 2015 and 2016, using an array of 48 camera traps across a 48‐km2 survey grid. With 18.5% of wild pigs meeting our conservative standard of identifiability, we estimated abundance using standard mark–resight methods that ranged from 506 (±69 [SE]) individuals in summer 2015 to 184 (±44) individuals in spring 2016. We were able to detect a likely decline in the wild pig population from 2015 to 2016, which was supported by a simultaneous decline in hunter harvest totals in the region during the same period. Our approach requires no trapping or tagging of any kind, so it may be utilized as an efficient alternative to techniques that rely on physically capturing animals to apply ear‐tags or neck‐bands for individual identification. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Extrusion of Intracoelomic Radiotransmitters by Hawaiian Ducks
Authors: Malachowski Christopher P. , Dugger Bruce D. , Heard Darryl J. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTSurgical implantation of transmitters into the coelomic cavity is a common attachment technique for ducks and geese. Although retention rates are assumed to be high, most studies utilizing this attachment method involve tracking in a system where low rates of recapture, resight, or recovery limit the ability of researchers to assess tag loss. We describe the extrusion and loss of coelomic radiotransmitters with percutaneous antennas from adult Hawaiian ducks (Anas wyvilliana;n = 117) monitored throughout the entire annual cycle on Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i, USA during December 2012–December 2014. Transmitter retention through 6 months following implantation was high (98 ± 2%). However, the probability of transmitter loss increased substantially afterward, and birds had a 30 ± 5% cumulative probability of losing implants within 1 year. Probability of transmitter loss did not vary between sexes or with body mass. The recapture rate of birds known to have lost tags (0.13 ± 0.08 [SE]) did not differ from birds with known fates (i.e., survived or died) that retained transmitters (0.12 ± 0.06;P = 0.72), suggesting transmitter extrusion did not influence short‐term survival (i.e., <1 yr). Examinations of recaptured and resighted birds indicated transmitters were extruded through the exit site of the percutaneous antenna and through the body wall in the ventromedial coelomic region. For studies spanning >6 months, researchers should be aware of the possibility for transmitter loss and integrate, where possible, methods to assess retention. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Non-simply-connected symmetries in 6D SCFTs
Authors: Dierigl Markus , Oehlmann Paul-Konstantin , Ruehle Fabian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Six-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) superconformal field theories can be engineered geometrically via F-theory on elliptically-fibered Calabi-Yau 3-folds. We include torsional sections in the geometry, which lead to a finite Mordell-Weil group. This allows us to identify the full non-Abelian group structure rather than just the algebra. The presence of torsion also modifies the center of the symmetry groups and the matter representations that can appear. This in turn affects the tensor branch of these theories. We analyze this change for a large class of superconformal theories with torsion and explicitly construct their tensor branches. Finally, we elaborate on the connection to the dual heterotic and M-theory description, in which our configurations are interpreted as generalizations of discrete holonomy instantons.
New method for calculating electromagnetic effects in semileptonic beta-decays of mesons
Authors: Seng Chien-Yeah , Feng Xu , Gorchtein Mikhail , Jin Lu-Chang , Meißner Ulf-G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We construct several classes of hadronic matrix elements and relate them to the low-energy constants in Chiral Perturbation Theory that describe the electromagnetic effects in the semileptonic beta decay of the pion and the kaon. We propose to calculate them using lattice QCD, and argue that such a calculation will make an immediate impact to a number of interesting topics at the precision frontier, including the outstanding anomalies in |Vus| and the top-row Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix unitarity.
Dyonic black hole degeneracies in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 string theory from Dabholkar-Harvey degeneracies
Authors: Chowdhury Abhishek , Kidambi Abhiram , Murthy Sameer , Reys Valentin , Wrase Timm 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The degeneracies of single-centered dyonic $$ \frac{1}{4} $$

1
4

-BPS black holes (BH) in Type II string theory on K3×T2 are known to be coefficients of certain mock Jacobi forms arising from the Igusa cusp form Φ10. In this paper we present an exact analytic formula for these BH degeneracies purely in terms of the degeneracies of the perturbative $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

-BPS states of the theory. We use the fact that the degeneracies are completely controlled by the polar coefficients of the mock Jacobi forms, using the Hardy-Ramanujan-Rademacher circle method. Here we present a simple formula for these polar coefficients as a quadratic function of the $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

-BPS degeneracies. We arrive at the formula by using the physical interpretation of polar coefficients as negative discriminant states, and then making use of previous results in the literature to track the decay of such states into pairs of $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

-BPS states in the moduli space. Although there are an infinite number of such decays, we show that only a finite number of them contribute to the formula. The phenomenon of BH bound state metamorphosis (BSM) plays a crucial role in our analysis. We show that the dyonic BSM orbits with U-duality invariant ∆ < 0 are in exact correspondence with the solution sets of the Brahmagupta-Pell equation, which implies that they are isomorphic to the group of units in the order ℤ[$$ \sqrt{\left|\Delta \right|} $$

Δ

] in the real quadratic field ℚ($$ \sqrt{\left|\Delta \right|} $$

Δ

). We check our formula against the known numerical data arising from the Igusa cusp form, for the first 1650 polar coefficients, and find perfect agreement.
Under-ascertainment of breast cancer susceptibility gene carriers in a cohort of New Zealand female breast cancer patients
Authors: Lattimore Vanessa , Parsons Michael T. , Spurdle Amanda B. , Pearson John , Lehnert Klaus , Sullivan Jan , Lintott Caroline , Bawden Suzannah , Morrin Helen , Robinson Bridget , Walker Logan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Diagnostic screening for pathogenic variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes, including BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, PTEN and TP53, may be offered to New Zealanders from suspected high-risk breast (and ovarian) cancer families. However, it is unknown how many high-risk pathogenic variant carriers in New Zealand are not offered genetic screening using existing triage tools and guidelines for breast (and ovarian) cancer patients.

Methods
Panel-gene sequencing of the coding and non-coding regions of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, and the coding regions and splice sites of CDH1, PALB2, PTEN and TP53, was undertaken for an unselected cohort of 367 female breast cancer patients. A total of 1685 variants were evaluated using the ENIGMA and the ACMG/AMP variant classification guidelines.

Results
Our study identified that 13 (3.5%) breast cancer patients carried a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, or PTEN. A significantly higher number of pathogenic variant carriers had grade 3 tumours (10/13) when compared to non-carriers; however, no other clinicopathological characteristics were found to be significantly different between (likely) pathogenic variant carriers and non-carriers, nor between variant of unknown significance carriers and non-carriers. Notably, 46% of the identified (likely) pathogenic variant carriers had not been referred for a genetic assessment and consideration of genetic testing.

Conclusion
Our study shows a potential under-ascertainment of women carrying a (likely) pathogenic variant in a high-risk breast cancer susceptibility gene. These results suggest that further research into testing pathways for New Zealand breast cancer patients may be required to reduce the impact of hereditary cancer syndromes for these individuals and their families.
Oncofertility case report: live birth 10 years after oocyte in vitro maturation and zygote cryopreservation
Authors: Rodrigues P. , Marques M. , Pimentel S. , Rato M. , Carvalho P. , Correia S. C. , Mendes N. , Amaral H. , Fernandes J. P. , Carvalho M. J. , Plancha C. E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to report a case of urgent fertility preservation in an oncological patient with collection of immature oocytes in the absence of ovarian stimulation that, through in vitro maturation (IVM), followed by ICSI and cryopreservation of zygotes resulted, 10 years later, in the live birth of a healthy baby.

Methods
In September 2008, our clinic performed IVM in a 32-year-old woman diagnosed with a ductal invasive carcinoma with positive estradiol receptors, negative progesterone receptors and positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. The retrieval of immature oocytes was performed in the absence of ovarian stimulation after a simple mastectomy and prior to any chemotherapy treatment. The compact cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) collected were placed in Lag medium for 2 h, followed by incubation in IVM medium, supplemented with heat inactivated patient serum, recombinant FSH, and recombinant LH. After 30 h in culture, cumulus cells were removed, the metaphase II oocytes were microinjected, and the zygotes obtained were cryopreserved. In 2017, the zygotes were thawed and cultured until day 3. One embryo was transferred and the other cryopreserved.

Results
Four compact COCs were collected and subjected to IVM. Two oocytes reached metaphase II and were microinjected. Two zygotes were obtained and were cryopreserved at the two pronuclear stage. Approximately 9 years later, the two zygotes were thawed and cultured until day 3. An embryo with 10 cells was transferred and implanted, resulting in the birth of a healthy baby.

Conclusions
In cases where urgency to start adjuvant therapy requires immediate oocyte collection, IVM may be the only option to obtain fully competent mature oocytes allowing for effective preservation of the reproductive potential.
HACANCOi: a new Hα-detected experiment for backbone resonance assignment of intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Karjalainen Mikael , Tossavainen Helena , Hellman Maarit , Permi Perttu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnidirectional coherence transfer is highly efficient in intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Their elevated ps-ns timescale dynamics ensures long transverse (T2) relaxation times allowing sophisticated coherence transfer pathway selection in comparison to folded proteins. 1Hα-detection ensures non-susceptibility to chemical exchange with the solvent and enables chemical shift assignment of consecutive proline residues, typically abundant in IDPs. However, many IDPs undergo a disorder-to-order transition upon interaction with their target protein, which leads to the loss of the favorable relaxation properties. Long coherence transfer routes now result in prohibitively large decrease in sensitivity. We introduce a novel 4D 1Hα-detected experiment HACANCOi, together with its 3D implementation, which warrant high sensitivity for the assignment of proline-rich regions in IDPs in complex with a globular protein. The experiment correlates 1Hαi, 13Cαi, 15Ni and $$^{13} C^{\prime}_{i}$$

13

C
i
′

spins by transferring the magnetization concomitantly from 13Cαi to 15Ni and $$^{13} C^{\prime}_{i}$$

13

C
i
′

. The B1 domain of protein G (GB1), and the enteropathogenic E.coli EspF in complex with human SNX9 SH3, serve as model systems to demonstrate the attainable sensitivity and successful sequential assignment.
Secure Italian domination in graphs
Authors: Dettlaff M. , Lemańska M. , Rodríguez-Velázquez J. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn Italian dominating function (IDF) on a graph G is a function $$f:V(G)\rightarrow \{0,1,2\}$$

f
:
V
(
G
)
→
{
0
,
1
,
2
}

such that for every vertex v with $$f(v)=0$$

f
(
v
)
=
0

, the total weight of f assigned to the neighbours of v is at least two, i.e., $$\sum _{u\in N_G(v)}f(u)\ge 2$$

∑

u
∈

N
G

(
v
)

f

(
u
)

≥
2

. For any function $$f:V(G)\rightarrow \{0,1,2\}$$

f
:
V
(
G
)
→
{
0
,
1
,
2
}

and any pair of adjacent vertices with $$f(v) = 0$$

f
(
v
)
=
0

and u with $$f(u) > 0$$

f
(
u
)
>
0

, the function $$f_{u\rightarrow v}$$

f

u
→
v

is defined by $$f_{u\rightarrow v}(v)=1$$

f

u
→
v

(
v
)

=
1

, $$f_{u\rightarrow v}(u)=f(u)-1$$

f

u
→
v

(
u
)

=
f

(
u
)

-
1

and $$f_{u\rightarrow v}(x)=f(x)$$

f

u
→
v

(
x
)

=
f

(
x
)

whenever $$x\in V(G){\setminus }\{u,v\}$$

x
∈
V
(
G
)
\
{
u
,
v
}

. A secure Italian dominating function on a graph G is defined as an IDF f which satisfies that for every vertex v with $$f(v)=0$$

f
(
v
)
=
0

, there exists a neighbour u with $$f(u)>0$$

f
(
u
)
>
0

such that $$f_{u\rightarrow v}$$

f

u
→
v

is an IDF. The weight of f is $$\omega (f)=\sum _{v\in V(G) }f(v)$$

ω

(
f
)

=

∑

v
∈
V
(
G
)

f

(
v
)

. The minimum weight among all secure Italian dominating functions on G is the secure Italian domination number of G. This paper is devoted to initiating the study of the secure Italian domination number of a graph. In particular, we prove that the problem of finding this parameter is NP-hard and we obtain general bounds on it. Moreover, for certain classes of graphs, we obtain closed formulas for this novel parameter.
Incremental predictive clustering trees for online semi-supervised multi-target regression
Authors: Osojnik Aljaž , Panov Panče , Džeroski Sašo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn many application settings, labeling data examples is a costly endeavor, while unlabeled examples are abundant and cheap to produce. Labeling examples can be particularly problematic in an online setting, where there can be arbitrarily many examples that arrive at high frequencies. It is also problematic when we need to predict complex values (e.g., multiple real values), a task that has started receiving considerable attention, but mostly in the batch setting. In this paper, we propose a method for online semi-supervised multi-target regression. It is based on incremental trees for multi-target regression and the predictive clustering framework. Furthermore, it utilizes unlabeled examples to improve its predictive performance as compared to using just the labeled examples. We compare the proposed iSOUP-PCT method with supervised tree methods, which do not use unlabeled examples, and to an oracle method, which uses unlabeled examples as though they were labeled. Additionally, we compare the proposed method to the available state-of-the-art methods. The method achieves good predictive performance on account of increased consumption of computational resources as compared to its supervised variant. The proposed method also beats the state-of-the-art in the case of very few labeled examples in terms of performance, while achieving comparable performance when the labeled examples are more common.
The Role of RNA Interference in Functional Cure Strategies for Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Nayagam Jeremy S , Cargill Zillah C , Agarwal Kosh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Current treatments for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are associated with low rates of cure. Functional cure has been accepted as a viable treatment end point in CHB. There have been substantial advances in the field of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics across a wide range of specialties, and the clinical pipeline now encompasses CHB. This review will highlight some of the challenges in therapeutic development, the data for RNAi in CHB, and future directions for the field.

Recent Findings
Early phase clinical trials have reported good safety data for RNAi therapies in CHB and demonstrated significant reductions in quantitative HBsAg levels (qHBsAg). Animal models however suggest that in HBeAg-negative individuals, HBsAg may be derived from hepatitis B DNA integrated into the host genome, which cannot be targeted by current RNAi therapies, and may prove to be a limitation. Preliminary data is being presented from combination therapy, which may result in more robust reductions in qHBsAg; however, trials are in the early stages of recruitment.

Summary
Despite promising data that RNAi may be an effective therapeutic strategy in CHB, it is unlikely to be in the form of monotherapy. The goal for the community will be to find the right combination of RNAi therapy with other antiviral or immunomodulatory agents, to achieve functional cure with a cessation of therapy. Early phase clinical trials are continuing to recruit, and data from combination studies will provide a “pivot point” in determining whether RNAi therapies can provide a backbone to finite duration and curative CHB regimens.
When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going: Improving the Disaster Preparedness of Health Care Providers: A Single Center’s 4-Year Experience
Authors: Pikoulis Emmanouil , Karamagioli Evika , Kalogeropoulos Athanasios , Pikoulis Andreas , Lykoudis Panagis , Remick Kyle , Malone Debra , Kushner Adam , Domres Bernd , Leppäniemi Ari , Exadaktylos Aristomenis , Elster Eric , Rich Norman 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:Operation based exercises represent simulation activities, which are of great importance for emergency preparedness, as they simulate real experiences in a guided manner. Whereas their primary purpose is to address the organizational emergency preparedness, little is known about the personal benefits of involved participants and whether these positive changes endure over time.Methods:Immediate and medium term assessment of the effectiveness on individual preparedness and benefits of participants, based on self-perception, after participating in a set of 4 interdisciplinary field exercises organized as part of the MSc in Global Health-Disaster Medicine of the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. The field exercises were carried out yearly, from 2016 to 2019. Data were collected via questionnaires pre- and post-exercise (1 week and 10 months after participation). The sample size was 228 trainees, with a response rate of 88%.Results:The majority (95%) stated that Mass Casualty Incident (MCI) exercises are appropriate for disaster management training in terms of comprehending theory, and for team-building training. In the case of a real MCI, 22% of the participants declared themselves to be ready to respond prior to MCI exercises. Upon completion, the overall perception of readiness among the participants increased to 77%. Trainee feedback indicated enhancement of both technical and non-technical skills (87%), which were persistent over time, and revealed a high level of satisfaction with the training.Conclusion:This study shows a positive immediate and medium-term impact of operation-based exercises on technical, non-technical skills, and self-perception of participants.