bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Teamwork and Communication Training Interventions on Safety Culture and Patient Safety in Emergency Departments: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alsabri Mohamed , Boudi Zoubir , Lauque Dominique , Dias Roger Daglius , Whelan Julia S. , Östlundh Linda , Alinier Guillaume , Onyeji Churchill , Michel Philippe , Liu Shan W. , Jr Camargo Carlos A. , Lindner Tobias , Slagman Anna , Bates David W. , Tazarourte Karim , Singer Sara J. , Toussi Anita , Grossman Shamai , Bellou Abdelouahab 
Published: September 2020

Objectives
This study aimed to narratively summarize the literature reporting on the effect of teamwork and communication training interventions on culture and patient safety in emergency department (ED) settings.

Methods
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Psych Info CINAHL, Cochrane, Science Citation Inc, the Web of Science, and Educational Resources Information Centre for peer-reviewed journal articles published from January 1, 1988, to June 8, 2018, that assessed teamwork and communication interventions focusing on how they influence patient safety in the ED. One additional search update was performed in July 2019.

Results
Sixteen studies were included from 8700 screened publications. The studies’ design, interventions, and evaluation methods varied widely. The most impactful ED training interventions were End-of-Course Critique, Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS), and crisis resource management (CRM)–based training. Crisis resource management and TeamSTEPPS CRM-based training curriculum were used in most of the studies. Multiple tools, including the Kirkpatrick evaluation model, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, the TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire, the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, and the Communication and Teamwork Skills Assessment, were used to assess the impact of such interventions. Improvements in one of the domains of safety culture and related domains were found in all studies. Four empirical studies established improvements in patient health outcomes that occurred after simulation CRM training (Kirkpatrick 4), but there was no effect on mortality.

Conclusions
Overall, teamwork and communication training interventions improve the safety culture in ED settings and may positively affect patient outcome. The implementation of safety culture programs may be considered to reduce incidence of medical errors and adverse events.
In severe COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 induces a chronic, TGF-β-dominated adaptive immune response
Authors: Ferreira-Gomes Marta , Kruglov Andrey , Durek Pawel , Heinrich Frederik , Tizian Caroline , Anne Heinz Gitta , Pascual-Reguant Anna , Du Weijie , Mothes Ronja , Fan Chaofan , Frischbutter Stefan , Habenicht Katharina , Budzinski Lisa , Ninnemann Justus , Jani Peter K. , Guerra Gabriela , Lehmann Katrin , Matz Mareen , Ostendorf Lennard , Heiberger Lukas , Chang Hyun-Dong , Bauherr Sandy , Maurer Marcus , Schönrich Günther , Raftery Martin , Kallinich Tilmann , Alexander Mall Marcus , Angermair Stefan , Treskatsch Sascha , Dörner Thomas , Max Corman Victor , Diefenbach Andreas , Volk Hans-Dieter , Elezkurtaj Sefer , Winkler Thomas H. , Dong Jun , Erika Hauser Anja , Radbruch Helena , Witkowski Mario , Melchers Fritz , Radbruch Andreas , Mashreghi Mir-Farzin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHere we have analyzed the dynamics of the adaptive immune response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 in severely affected COVID-19 patients, as reflected by activated B cells egressing into the blood, at the single cell level. Early on, before seroconversion in response to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, activated peripheral B cells displayed a type 1 interferon-induced gene expression signature. After seroconversion, activated B cells lost this signature, expressed IL-21- and TGF-β-induced gene expression signatures, and mostly IgG1 and IgA1. In the sustained immune reaction of the COVID-19 patients, until day 59, activated peripheral B cells shifted to expression of IgA2, reflecting instruction by TGF-β. Despite the continued generation of activated B cells, those cells were not found in the lungs of deceased COVID-19 patients, nor did the IgA2 bind to dominant antigens of SARS-CoV-2. In severe COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 thus triggers a chronic immune reaction distracted from itself and instructed by TGF-β.
Association of Opioid Use Disorder With 2016 Presidential Voting Patterns: A Cross-Sectional Study in New York State at Census Tract Level
Authors: Xiang Anthony , Rashidian Sina , Hou Wei , Rosenthal Richard N , Abell-Hart Kayley , Zhao Xia , Wang Fusheng 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundOpioid overdose related deaths have increased dramatically in recent years. Combating the opioid epidemic requires better understanding of the epidemiology of opioid poisoning (OP) and opioid use disorder (OUD).ObjectiveWe aimed to discover geospatial patterns in problematic opioid use and its correlations with demographic features related to despair and economic hardship, most notably the US presidential voting patterns in 2016 at census tract level in New York State.MethodsThis cross-sectional analysis used data from New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System claims data and the presidential voting results of 2016 in New York State from the Harvard Election Data Archive. We included 63,958 patients who had at least one opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis between 2010 and 2016, and 36,004 patients with at least one opioid poisoning (OP) diagnosis between 2012 and 2016. A logistic regression model was used to determine the associations between patient level characteristics (sex, age group, race, and payment type) and OUD and OP patient rates at census tract level.ResultsSeveral areas shared similar patterns of OUD rates and Republican vote: census tracts in Western New York, Central New York, and Suffolk County. The Spearman rank correlation between OUD rates and the Republican vote was 0.38 (P < 0.0001). A multiple regression model of census tract level demographic and socioeconomic factors explains 29% of the variance in OUD rates, with disability and republican vote the biggest predictors.ConclusionsAt the census tract level, opioid use disorder rates were positively correlated with Republican support in the 2016 presidential election, disability, unemployment, and unmarried status. Socioeconomic and demographic features explain a large portion of the association between the Republican vote and opioid use disorder. Together, these findings underscore the importance of socioeconomic interventions in combatting the opioid epidemic.
Frequency and accuracy of proactive testing for COVID-19
Authors: Bergstrom Ted , Bergstrom Carl T. , Li Haoran 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeptember 5, 2020The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has proven difficult to control not only because of its high transmissibility, but because those who are infected readily spread the virus before symptoms appear, and because some infected individuals, though contagious, never exhibit symptoms. Proactive testing of asymptomatic individuals is therefore a powerful, and probably necessary, tool for preventing widespread infection in many settings. This paper explores the effectiveness of alternative testing regimes, in which the frequency, the accuracy, and the delay between testing and results determine the time path of infection. For a simple model of disease transmission, we present analytic formulas that determine the effect of testing on the expected number of days of during which an infectious individual is exposed to the population at large. This allows us to estimate the frequency of testing that would be required to prevent uncontrolled outbreaks, and to explore the trade-offs between frequency, accuracy, and delay in achieving this objective. We conclude by discussing applications to outbreak control on college and university campuses.Competing Interest StatementTed Bergstrom and Haoran Li have no competing interests. Carl Bergstrom consults for Color Genomics on COVID testing schedules.
Supporting the resilience and retention of frontline care workers in care homes for older people: A scoping review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Johnston Lucy , Malcolm Cari , Rambabu Lekaashree , Hockley Jo , Shenkin Susan D 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced the need to ensure that strategic and operational approaches to retain high quality, resilient frontline care home workers, who are not registered nurses, are informed by context specific, high quality evidence. We therefore conducted this scoping review to address the question: What is the current evidence for best practice to support the resilience and retention of frontline care workers in care homes for older people?MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, MedRxiv, CINAHL, ASSIA, Social Science Premium were searched for literature published between 2010 and 2020. The search strategy employed combinations of search terms to target frontline care workers in care homes for older people and the key concepts relevant to resilience and retention were applied and adapted for each database.Thirty studies were included. Evidence for best practice in supporting the resilience and retention specifically of frontline care workers in care homes is extremely limited, of variable quality and lacks generalisability. At present, it is dominated by cross-sectional studies mostly from out with the UK. The small number of intervention studies are inconclusive.The review found that multiple factors are suggested as being associated with best practice in supporting resilience and retention, but few have been tested robustly. The thematic synthesis of these identified the analytical themes of – Culture of Care; Content of Work; Connectedness with Colleagues; Characteristics and Competencies of Care Home Leaders and Caring during a Crisis.The evidence base must move from its current state of implicitness. Only then can it inform intervention development, implementation strategies and meaningful indicators of success. High quality, adequately powered, co-designed intervention studies, that address the fundamentally human and interpersonal nature of the resilience and retention of frontline care workers in care homes are required.
Relationships of total COVID-19 cases and deaths with ten demographic, economic and social indicators
Authors: Valev Dimitar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe have used data for 45 countries with a population of over 30 millions in which 85.8% of the world’s population lives. The statistical relationships of total COVID-19 Cases and Deaths per million populations in these countries with 10 demographic, economic and social indicators (indices) were studied. These indicators are Life Expectancy, Median Age, Growth Rate, Population Density, GDP PPP per capita, Human Development Index (HDI), Gini index of income equality, Intelligence Quotient (IQ), Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) and Democracy Index. Statistically significant relationships were found with all indicators excluding Gini index and Population Density. We have found that the closest is the relationship of Deaths per million population and total Cases per million population with correlation coefficient R = 0.926. Therefore, it is clear statistically that the more are Cases per million in a country the more are Deaths per million. This confirms the correctness of the timely and effective introduction of the necessary pandemic restrictions in the countries.It is interesting that the close correlations were found of Cases and Deaths per 1 million with a purely economic index like GDP PPP per capita, where R = 0.687 and R = 0.660, respectively. Even more close correlations were found of Cases and Deaths per 1 million with a composite index HDI, where the correlation coefficients reach 0.724 and 0.680, respectively. This paradoxical results show that the richest and well-being countries are most seriously affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The most probable reason for this is the large percentage of aging population, comorbidity of population with severe chronic diseases and obesity in countries with high GDP and HDI. No less important reason appears the delayed and/or insufficiently effective pandemic restrictions in these countries, which have underestimated the danger of a pandemic in early stage.Other indicators (excluding Gini index and Population Density) also show statistically significant correlations with Cases and Deaths per 1 million with correlation coefficients from 0.432 to 0.634. The countries that deviates the most from the regression lines were shown. Surprisingly, there was no statistically significant correlation between Cases and Deaths with Population Density. The statistical significance of the found correlations determined using Student’s t-test was p < 0.0001. The countries that deviate the most from both sides of the regression line were shown. It has been shown that the correlations of COVID-19 cases and Deaths with the studied indicators decrease with time.
Discrimination of melanoma cell lines with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
Authors: Shakya Bijay Ratna , Teppo Hanna-Riikka , Rieppo Lassi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAmong skin cancers, melanoma is the lethal form and the leading cause of death in humans. Melanoma begins in melanocytes and is curable at early stages. Thus, early detection and evaluation of its metastatic potential are crucial for effective clinical intervention. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has gained considerable attention due to its versatility in detecting biochemical and biological features present in the samples. Changes in these features are used to differentiate between samples at different stages of the disease. Previously, FTIR spectroscopy has been mostly used to distinguish between healthy and diseased conditions. With this study, we aim to discriminate between different melanoma cell lines based on their FTIR spectra. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples from three melanoma cell lines (IPC-298, SK-MEL-30 and COLO-800) were used. Statistically significant differences were observed in the prominent spectral bands of three cell lines along with shifts in peak positions. A partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model built for the classification of three cell lines showed an overall accuracy of 92.6% with a sensitivity of 85%, 95.75%, 96.54%, and specificity of 97.80%, 92.14%, 98.64% for the differentiation of IPC-298, SK-MEL-30, and COLO-800, respectively. The results suggest that FTIR spectroscopy can differentiate between different melanoma cell lines and thus potentially characterize the metastatic potential of melanoma.Sources of FundingThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Characterization of ethylene-inducible pedicel-fruit abscission zone formation in non-climacteric sweet cherry (Prunus aviumL.)
Authors: Hewitt Seanna , Kilian Benjamin , Koepke Tyson , Abarca Jonathan , Whiting Matthew , Dhingra Amit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHarvesting of sweet cherry (Prunus aviumL.) fruit is a labor-intensive process. Mechanical harvesting of sweet cherry fruit is feasible; however, it is dependent on the formation of an abscission zone at the fruit-pedicel junction. The natural propensity for pedicel-fruit abscission zone (PFAZ) formation varies by cultivar, and the general molecular basis for PFAZ formation is not well characterized. In this study, ethylene-inducible change in pedicel fruit retention force (PFRF) was recorded in a developmental time course with a concomitant analysis of the PFAZ transcriptome from three sweet cherry cultivars. In ‘Skeena’, mean PFRF for both control and treatment fruit dropped below the 0.40kg-force (3.92N) threshold for mechanical harvesting and indicating the formation of a discrete PFAZ. In ‘Bing’, mean PFRF for both control and treatment groups decreased over time. However, a mean PFRF conducive to mechanical harvesting was achieved only in the ethylene-treated fruit. While in ‘Chelan’ the mean PFRF of the control and treatment groups did not meet the threshold required for efficient mechanical harvesting. Transcriptome analysis of the PFAZ followed by the functional annotation, differential expression analysis, and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses of the data facilitated the identification of phytohormone-responsive and abscission-related transcripts as well as processes that exhibited differential expression and enrichment in a cultivar-dependent manner over the developmental time-course. Additionally, read alignment-based variant calling revealed several short variants in differentially expressed genes, associated with enriched gene ontologies and associated metabolic processes, lending potential insight into the genetic basis for different abscission responses between the cultivars. These results provide genetic targets for induction or inhibition of PFAZ formation, depending on the desire to harvest the fruit with or without the stem attached. Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying the development of the PFAZ will inform future cultivar development while laying a foundation for mechanized sweet cherry harvest.
Superspreaders and High Variance Infectious Diseases
Authors: Oz Yaron , Rubinstein Ittai , Safra Muli 
Published: September 2020

(Dated: September 6, 2020)A well-known characteristic of pandemics such as COVID-19 is the high level of transmission heterogeneity in the infection spread: not all infected individuals spread the disease at the same rate and some individuals (superspreaders) are responsible for most of the infections. To quantify this phenomenon requires the analysis of the effect of the variance and higher moments of the infection distribution. Working in the framework of stochastic branching processes, we derive an approximate analytical formula for the probability of an outbreak in the high variance regime of the infection distribution, verify it numerically and analyze its regime of validity in various examples. We show that it is possible for an outbreak not to occur in the high variance regime even when the basic reproduction number R0 is larger than one and discuss the implications of our results for COVID-19 and other pandemics.PACS numbers: 87.10.+e
Covid-19 vs BCG Universal Immunization: Statistical Significance at Six Months of Exposure
Authors: Dolgikh Serge 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith a time-adjusted dataset of Covid-19 statistical data by reporting jurisdiction at the time point of six months after the local epidemics landfall we perform a statistical analysis of the significance of the correlation hypothesis between universal BCG immunization and milder Covid-19 scenarios proposed in the earlier studies. With the data accumulated to date the statistical significance of the BCG immunization correlation hypothesis is evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively with the conclusion that it has achieved a significant level of confidence. The conclusions of this research can be used in public policy as well as the rationale to investigate the nature and working of a potential broad immunity mechanism associated with an early-age BCG exposure.
Stretch Regulates Alveologenesis and Homeostasis Via Mesenchymal Gαq/11-Mediated TGFβ2 Activation
Authors: Goodwin Amanda T , John Alison E , Joseph Chitra , Habgood Anthony , Tatler Amanda L , Susztak Katalin , Palmer Matthew , Offermanns Stefan , Henderson Neil C , Jenkins R Gisli 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlveolar development and repair require tight spatiotemporal regulation of numerous signalling pathways that are influenced by chemical and mechanical stimuli. Mesenchymal cells play key roles in numerous developmental processes. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is essential for alveologenesis and lung repair, and the G protein α subunits Gαq and Gα11 (Gαq/11) transmit mechanical and chemical signals to activate TGFβ in epithelial cells. To understand the role of mesenchymal Gαq/11 in lung development, we generated constitutive (Pdgfrb-Cre+/−;Gnaqfl/fl;Gna11−/−) and inducible (Pdgfrb-Cre/ERT2+/−;Gnaqfl/fl;Gna11−/−) mesenchymal Gαq/11 deleted mice. Mice with constitutive Gαq/11 gene deletion exhibited abnormal alveolar development, with suppressed myofibroblast differentiation, altered mesenchymal cell synthetic function, and reduced lung TGFβ2 deposition, as well as kidney abnormalities. Tamoxifen-induced mesenchymal Gαq/11 gene deletion in adult mice resulted in emphysema associated with reduced TGFβ2 and elastin deposition. Cyclical mechanical stretch-induced TGFβ activation required Gαq/11 signalling and serine protease activity, but was independent of integrins, suggesting an isoform-specific role for TGFβ2. These data highlight a previously undescribed mechanism of cyclical stretch-induced Gαq/11-dependent TGFβ2 signalling in mesenchymal cells, which is imperative for normal alveologenesis and maintenance of lung homeostasis.Summary statementMesenchymal cell Gαq/11 signalling regulates myofibroblast function and stretch-mediated TGFβ2 signalling, which are important for alveologenesis and organ homeostasis. These mechanisms are relevant to both developmental and adult lung disease.
Balrog: A universal protein model for prokaryotic gene prediction
Authors: Sommer Markus J. , Salzberg Steven L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLow-cost, high-throughput sequencing has led to an enormous increase in the number of sequenced microbial genomes, with well over 100,000 genomes in public archives today. Automatic genome annotation tools are integral to understanding these organisms, yet older gene finding methods must be retrained on each new genome. We have developed a universal model of prokaryotic genes by fitting a temporal convolutional network to amino-acid sequences from a large, diverse set of microbial genomes. We incorporated the new model into a gene finding system, Balrog (Bacterial Annotation by Learned Representation Of Genes), which does not require genome-specific training and which matches or outperforms other state-of-the-art gene finding tools. Balrog is freely available under the MIT license athttps://github.com/salzberg-lab/Balrog.Author summaryAnnotating the protein-coding genes in a newly sequenced prokaryotic genome is a critical part of describing their biological function. Relative to eukaryotic genomes, prokaryotic genomes are small and structurally simple, with 90% of their DNA typically devoted to protein-coding genes. Current computational gene finding tools are therefore able to achieve close to 99% sensitivity to known genes using species-specific gene models.Though highly sensitive at finding known genes, all current prokaryotic gene finders also predict large numbers of additional genes, which are labelled as “hypothetical protein” in GenBank and other annotation databases. Many hypothetical gene predictions likely represent true protein-coding sequence, but it is not known how many of them represent false positives. Additionally, all current gene finding tools must be trained specifically for each genome as a preliminary step in order to achieve high sensitivity. This requirement limits their ability to detect genes in fragmented sequences commonly seen in metagenomic samples.We took a data-driven approach to prokaryotic gene finding, relying on the large and diverse collection of already-sequenced genomes. By training a single, universal model of bacterial genes on protein sequences from many different species, we were able to match the sensitivity of current gene finders while reducing the overall number of gene predictions. Our model does not need to be refit on any new genome. Balrog (Bacterial Annotation by Learned Representation of Genes) represents a fundamentally different yet effective method for prokaryotic gene finding.