bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vieillesses urbaines et rurales au Gabon
Authors: Nsiamalembe Annie-Christiane , Nowik Laurent 
Published: October 2020

Le Gabon connaît depuis quelques années un accroissement de la proportion de sa population âgée de 65 ans et plus. L’observation faite sur les trois terrains d’étude – l’un rural, deux urbains – met en lumière les facteurs qui viennent bouleverser le quotidien des personnes âgées puis les solidarités entre générations qui s’organisent autour d’elles. La migration des jeunes vers les grandes villes est l’une des causes de l’isolement des personnes âgées et de la réorganisation des réseaux familiaux. C’est en zone rurale que l’on trouve plus de femmes âgées veuves vulnérables. Le déficit de l’offre de soins et l’éloignement des centres sanitaires fragilisent les vieux ruraux. Néanmoins, la majorité des personnes âgées vit entourée des membres de leur famille. La cohabitation intergénérationnelle et les solidarités privées prévalent encore dans ces trois territoires. Elles sont plus fortes en zone rurale qu’en zone urbaine où elles commencent à se distendre du fait des mutations socio-économiques que connaît Libreville : éducation des jeunes, salariat des hommes et des femmes, etc. Mais cette solidarité traditionnelle ne saurait remplacer efficacement la protection sociale et sanitaire que l’État gabonais devrait offrir aux personnes âgées considérées comme « économiquement faibles ».
Reflux des solidarités intergénérationnelles en contexte de précarité à Dakar
Authors: Dimé Mamadou 
Published: October 2020

La précarité est aujourd’hui un défi majeur pour les familles sénégalaises. Même si elle touche toutes les catégories sociales, ce sont les jeunes qui la vivent avec le plus d’intensité. Cela a pour conséquence de retarder ou de différer pour longtemps leur prise de rôle au sein des familles et de la société dans son ensemble. Du point de vue du fonctionnement des solidarités, cette situation contribue à susciter des changements qui trouvent leur illustration dans les « drames » vécus par des pères de famille arrivés à la retraite et qui continuent de prendre en charge leurs enfants pourtant devenus adultes. Ainsi, les discours sur la crise socio-économique mettent en lumière une « inversion » des flux d’entraide et de soutien entre les générations, de même que la redéfinition des bases idéologiques de légitimation et de structuration des liens de solidarité entre parents et enfants. Notre contribution se propose de dévoiler ces transformations en contexte de précarité à Dakar. Elle met l’accent sur la situation nouvelle vécue par des parents qui devaient compter sur le soutien et le relais de leurs enfants arrivés à l’âge des responsabilités sociales, mais qui se retrouvent dans une position sociale « inédite » d’amortisseur des difficultés vécues par leurs enfants.
Regards philosophiques sur la question de la démarcation entre science et non-science aujourd’hui
Authors: Ruphy Stéphanie 
Published: October 2020

Les enjeux de la question de la démarcation entre science et non-science se trouvent profondément renouvelés dans nos sociétés contemporaines qui placent les sciences et l’innovation technologique au cœur de leur développement. Quelles ressources offre aujourd’hui la philosophie des sciences pour penser cette démarcation et proposer des critères de démarcation opérationnels ? Sans souci d’exhaustivité, cet article présente quelques-unes des principales propositions philosophiques récentes en la matière, qui ont en commun de prendre acte à la fois de l’insuffisance des critères épistémologiques classiques proposés au XXe siècle et de l’abandon d’une vision unitaire des sciences qui allait de pair avec ces critères.
Enseigner l'évolution et la nature des sciences face aux contestations d'élèves : essai de modélisation des postures enseignantes
Authors: Urgelli Benoit , Guelladress Kenza , Quentin Anne 
Published: October 2020

L'enseignement de l'évolution est une question socialement vive : elle peut générer des contestations d'élèves en classe de sciences à propos des origines de l’Homme, et questionne la place des croyances à l'école laïque. Durant l'année 2016, nous avons conduit une enquête exploratoire par questionnaire en ligne auprès de 53 enseignants de sciences. Par analyse catégorielle, nous avons modélisé la diversité des postures enseignantes lorsque les élèves expriment des confusions et des amalgames entre savoirs savants et croyances religieuses. Si la majorité des enseignants questionnés déclarent que cette situation est peu fréquente, une partie de ceux qui la rencontrent explicite aux élèves la nature des sciences par rapport à celle des religions (posture de compréhension), ce qui les conduit parfois à réfuter le discours religieux par la critique rationaliste (posture de réfutation). D’autres déclarent qu’exposer les publics scolaires à des savoirs et des démarches scientifiques suffit à mettre « automatiquement » à distance les croyances des élèves (posture d’évitement). Nous analyserons la complexité de ces postures, leurs fondements hypothétiques et leurs limites éducatives. L’idée communément admise selon laquelle enseigner la nature des sciences à l’occasion de l’enseignement de l’évolution permettrait de diminuer la vivacité de la question sera également discutée.
Le dialogue socratique : un genre de référence de pratiques orales philosophiques à l’école primaire ?
Authors: Berton Bettina 
Published: October 2020

Des pratiques de discussion dite philosophique se développent à l’école primaire depuis une quinzaine d’années en France. Or plusieurs recommandations de ces pratiques se réfèrent au genre du discours du dialogue socratique, renouant là avec une ancienne référence, que l’on trouve dans plusieurs articles du dictionnaire de Ferdinand Buisson (1878-1887) ; leurs auteurs condamnent ce genre en général, mais le convoquent, à titre de référence, à propos de l’introduction d’un enseignement de la philosophie dans le primaire supérieur. L’analyse didactique de ces deux moments historiques où le dialogue socratique est conçu comme référence, fait apparaître la fragilité théorique de la construction de cette référence, dont le moindre n’est pas le déni de la transposition didactique.
Carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid wellness drink: its tolerability, safety and effect on disease markers in pre-ART HIV-1 positive subjects
Authors: Botes M. E. , Gilada I. S. , Snyman J. R. , Labuschagne J. P.L. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Many people take wellness drinks on a daily basis to enhance physical and emotional well-being. The safety and/or efficacy of these are not always known or even established in the populations likely to consume these. The safety, tolerability and clinical impact of CHD-FA in a formulated wellness drink (F0210) (a pure and novel fulvic acid) were researched in a pre-ART HIV-1 positive population in India an area where patients are known to use organic acids such as fulvic acids (Shilajit) for health enhancement.Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study recruited 332 patients (n = 166 on active; n = 166 on placebo). The study outcomes recorded safety and tolerability data, as well as the time to ART and/or the time to a decrease in CD4 count of 100 cells/mm3 for subjects in each treatment group. Change in immune status is an important clinical endpoint. The secondary outcomes were CD4 count, HIV-1 viral load changes and quality of life (the latter as a further proxy for tolerability).Results: The only notable side effect of the active medication was gastrointestinal intolerance such as diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, which were more frequently experienced compared with placebo. The study was terminated before full recruitment due to regulatory changes in India and at the time of study termination there were too few clinical study endpoints reached to demonstrate any clinical difference between active and placebo treatments (no difference in hazard of experiencing an event (reaching indication for ART) between groups; p = 0.5724). An interesting trend was that patients’ CD4 counts in the study demonstrated a slower than anticipated decline compared with trends recorded in the literature for natural progression of disease.Conclusion: The CHD FA wellness drink is well tolerated in an ART-naive study population and does not negatively affect the disease-specific parameters and hence does not adversely affect the natural progression of the HIV-1 disease or patients’ general health. Further exploration of fulvic acids is therefore warranted.
Practical approach to diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency diseases
Authors: Rossouw T. M. , Theron A. J. , Anderson R. 
Published: October 2020

The occurrence of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) is low compared to that of immune-mediated disorders of autoimmune or atopic origin. However, progress in basic and clinical immunology over the past 3–4 decades has facilitated not only improved detection of PIDs, but has also created an awareness of an expanding spectrum of these conditions. Given that those who suffer from the most severe types of PID experience life-threatening microbial and viral infections usually from an early age, prompt recognition and definitive diagnosis enable implementation of appropriate prophylaxis and therapy, and, most importantly, corrective, immunorestoration using allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The purpose of the current review is therefore to alert family physicians to the presentation and types of PID that they may encounter in clinical practice, as well as to immunological screening procedures that can be undertaken to confirm or exclude the existence of the most common types of PID. This is followed by a consideration of prophylactic and therapeutic options and, finally, by a brief overview of gene therapy and gene-editing strategies that may offer alternatives to, or eventually replace, stem cell therapy.
Factors influencing post-partum women’s choice of an implantable contraceptive device in a rural district hospital in South Africa
Authors: Potgieter Francois , Kapp Paul , Coetzee Francois 
Published: October 2020

Background: A single-rod subdermal contraceptive implant containing 68 mg of etonogestrel, ImplanonNXT®, was introduced to the South African healthcare system in 2014. Initially the new device was well received but later uptake tapered off. A need was identified to determine the factors that influence women’s choices with regard to the use of ImplanonNXT® in order to improve its uptake. The aim of this study was to explore the factors that influence women’s choice of ImplanonNXT®.Method: A qualitative study was performed, using semi-structured interviews to explore patients’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding ImplanonNXT®. Ten patients were interviewed at Knysna Hospital.Findings: There was confusion amongst women about the harms and benefits of using ImplanonNXT® and it became apparent contraceptive counselling during pregnancy greatly affects the choices they make. Other factors that influenced the participants’ choice with regard to contraception included social influences, preference for familiar methods and the side effect profile of the various options. Perceptions of the adverse side effects of the implantable device added to confusion and fear of this method, which influenced women’s ideas about the use of ImplanonNXT®. Poor communication and reluctance from clinic staff to discuss ImplanonNXT® during antenatal visits contributed to poor knowledge about the implantable device and its side effects.Conclusion: Clearer communication during antenatal visits with pregnant women may address some of the fears and beliefs that surround its side effects, workings and efficacy. The fear of possible side effects should be a focus for counselling and education, as it predominantly contributes to women’s confusion and fear of the device. Further research is needed to address this as well as evaluate if interventions such as better counselling and a dedicated team approach can change the attitudes and beliefs of post-partum women towards the ImplanonNXT® device in the South African district health system.
The perceptions of general practitioners on National Health Insurance in Chris Hani district, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Gaqavu Mthetheleli Mbongeni , Mash Robert 
Published: October 2020

Background: National Health Insurance (NHI) intends to provide universal health coverage to all South Africans, with equity and quality as its tenets. The participation of private general practitioners (GPs) in NHI is essential. The aim was to explore perceptions of GPs on NHI in Chris Hani district, Eastern Cape, South Africa.Methods: A descriptive phenomenological qualitative study using semi-structured individual interviews of 12 GPs from six municipalities was undertaken. Data analysis used the framework method assisted by Atlas.ti software.Results: GPs in Chris Hani district felt that NHI would improve health and benefit society and be of particular benefit to poor and rural people as it will improve access to healthcare. Lack of governmental administrative capacity and a human resource plan were seen as barriers to implementation. They believed that NHI would benefit them through a single purchaser system and support more comprehensive care. GPs were concerned about a lack of information on primary care packages, accreditation, remuneration and patient allocation. They thought that NHI might disadvantage solo GPs. NHI implementation could be improved by actively engaging with GP organisations. Improvement of existing government health facilities and continued medical education were seen as possible ways to better implement NHI.Conclusion: GPs in this study were generally positive about NHI and thought it would benefit both patients and providers. However, they had concerns regarding the capacity of government to implement NHI and the implications for solo GPs, and needed more information. Government needs to actively engage GPs.
Factors associated with clinical outcomes among neonates admitted with acute bilirubin and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathies at a tertiary hospital in south-west Nigeria
Authors: Ogunfowora Olusoga Babatunde , Ogunlesi Tinuade Adetutu , Ayeni Victor Ayodeji 
Published: October 2020

Background: Babies who are delivered outside hospital are most at risk of serious illnesses such as perinatal asphyxia and severe hyperbilirubinaemia. These conditions are major contributors to neonatal mortalities in resource-poor settings.Objective: To explore the relationship between pre-admission and intra-facility care and immediate outcomes among neonates with acute bilirubin and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathies.Methods: Using a retrospective design, the outcome of outborn babies with acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) were studied in a Nigerian hospital between 2012 and 2016.Results: A total of 40 and 80 babies with ABE and HIE were studied. Among babies with ABE, 67.5% arrived at the hospital on self-referral and of the babies with official referral, only 61.5% had had a serum bilirubin check prior to referral. Among the babies with ABE, 25.0% had both social and facility-related challenges, 45.0% had only facility-related challenges and 20.0% had only social challenges. All the babies with ABE who died had either social or facility-related challenges. For the babies with HIE, 56.2% came on self-referral while 70% received no care prior to presentation at the hospital. Some 40% of babies with HIE had both social and facility-related challenges while 12.5% had only facility-related challenges. None of the babies who died presented early. Comparable proportions of babies who died or survived had social challenges and facility-related challenges.Conclusion: Most of the outborn babies with HIE and ABE who arrived at the hospital on self-referral and facility-based care were hindered by social issues and facility-related challenges.
Knowledge and practices regarding hand-washing among mothers of children less than five years of age in rural areas of District Sialkot
Authors: Sonia Almas  , Ayesha Babar Kawish  , Tahir Mehmood Butt  , Subhana Akber Khan  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: To assess knowledge and practices regarding hand-washing among mothers of children aged ?5 years.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2015 in rural areas of Union Council Charwa, Tehsil Pasrur in District Sialkot, Pakistan, and comprised mothers of children aged ?5 years. Data was collected using a pre-tested and validated structured questionnaire developed in line with World health Organisation guidelines on hand-washing technique. Data was analysed using SPSS 17.
Results: Of the 422 subjects, 319 (75.4%) had sufficient knowledge and 104 (24.6%) showed good practices regarding hand-washing. However, only 59 (14%) mothers were found adherent to the appropriate technique of hand-washing.
Conclusion: Health education and behaviour-changing communication approaches must be implemented to educate the masses about proper hand-washing technique.
Key Words: Knowledge, Practices, Hand-washing, Mothers, Health education, Pakistan.
ENHANCING ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY: SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT APPROACH
Authors: Maina Charles , Njehia Prof, Benard K. , Eric Dr Bett Kiprotich 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of supply chain management practices on the organizational performance underpinned on resource-based view theory (RBV).
Methodology: The study adopts descriptive and explanatory research design with purposive sampling and quantitative methods to collect primary data through crossed ended questionnaires from 109 dairy co-operatives in Kenya. Data collected was organized and cleaned using both excel and statistical package for social scientist (SPSS). Additionally, partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) techniques were used to analyze data in SmartPLS version 3.2 software, and the results for both descriptive and inferential were presented in tables.
Results: The result revealed that SCMPs has a positive and significant impact on Market performance (β=0.558), operational performance (β=0.371) and customer satisfaction (β=0.543). These results reveal that SCM practices are associated with high levels of organizational performance. Thus, SCM practices explain and predict the organizational performance of the dairy industry in Kenya.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study provides evidence of the building blocks of supply chain management practices and a framework of their implementation for performance improvement to the managers in the dairy industry. Theoretically, the study contributes to the development and advancement of the theory of supply chain management (SCM) as well as validation of the Resource-based View (RBV). Policy-wise, the study provides directions for coming up with policies geared towards performance improvements in the dairy industry.
A utilização da história da ciência e da investigação no ensino de ciências em espaços de educação não formal
Authors: Oliveira Adriano Dias de , Saito Claudia Akemi , Cirilo Ianna Gara , Friolani Poliana 
Published: October 2020

Muitos autores legitimam o ensino por investigação em razão do seu potencial de promover a construção do conhecimento científico pelo próprio aluno. Um processo investigativo envolve fatores e habilidades como a realização de observações, proposição de hipóteses, uso de ferramentas para coleta, análise e interpretação de dados, proposição de respostas, explicações e a comunicação dos resultados. Um dos modos de articular o ensino investigativo com a natureza da ciência tem sido explorado por Allchin (2013). Os trabalhos desse autor focam a maneira como o professor deve desenvolver habilidades para ensinar sobre a natureza da ciência (NOS). Neste trabalho discorremos sobre as especificidades de uma atividade investigativa elaborada na perspectiva da NOS no Museu de Microbiologia do Instituto Butantan. A forma como esses elementos encontram-se organizados evidencia quais são os limites e as potencialidades do uso dessas metodologias em espaços não formais de ensino.
RESPUESTA DEL TOMATE (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) A UNA ENMIENDA CALCICA EN UN SUELO ÁCIDO DE SUCRE – COSTA CARIBE COLOMBIANA
Authors: Acosta Perez Luis Fernando , Cabrales Herrera Eliecer 
Published: October 2020

En aras de contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria y a la motivación de los pequeños productores de hortalizas del departamento de Sucre (Colombia), se implementó este ensayo bajo la premisa de que el calcio en el suelo contribuye a tener plantas con pared celular mucho más resistentes al ataque fúngico y con ello se disminuye la aparición de enfermedades. Con base en lo anterior, se estableció este ensayo en cultivo de tomate, en la que se establecieron cinco (5) dosis de calcio (0, 1, 2, 3 y 4 ton.ha-1) y tres repeticiones en un diseño completamente al azar. Como fuente de calcio se utilizó un producto comercial que contiene 37% de CaO y 5,3% de MgO. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes dosis de calcio en los componentes del rendimiento del cultivo del tomate Chonto en condiciones semicontroladas en Sucre – Caribe colombiano. El suelo fue de reacción ácida y de baja oferta nutricional. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con tres repeticiones. La información fue almacenada en tablas Excel y procesada con el programa estadístico SAS 9.0, se hizo análisis de varianza y de regresión. Se encontró que las dosis 2 y 3 ton.ha-1 favoreció el crecimiento de las plantas de tomate, aumentando dimensiones del fruto, peso del fruto y rendimiento y los modelos que explican esas tendencias son de orden lineal.