bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major cluster of paediatric ‘true’ primary chilblains during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a consequence of lifestyle changes due to lockdown
Authors: Neri I. , Virdi A. , Corsini I. , Guglielmo A. , Lazzarotto T. , Gabrielli L. , Misciali C. , Patrizi A. , Lanari M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundOver the last months, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, a growing number of chilblain‐like lesions were reported mainly in children and rarely in young adults. The relationship with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was postulated, often without any laboratory, instrumental or clinical confirmation. The disclosure of information about chilblain‐like lesions as a COVID‐19 manifestation in social media has created concern in children’s families and paediatricians.ObjectivesTo verify whether the chilblain‐like lesions were caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.MethodsProspective study on a case series including children who presented with acral lesions at the Pediatric Dermatology Outpatient and Pediatric Emergency Unit of the University of Bologna, from 1 April to 30 April 2020. We reported demographical, laboratory and clinical features, history of close contact with COVID‐19 patients, presence of similar skin lesions in other family members, precipitating and risk factors for chilblain onset.ResultsWe evaluated eight patients (five females, three males) aged between 11 and 15 years. We excluded acute or previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with RT‐PCR nasopharyngeal swab, serum antibody levels using chemiluminescent immunoassays. Other acute infections causing purpuric lesions at the extremities were negative in all patients. Skin lesion biopsy for histological and immunohistochemical evaluation was made in two cases and was consistent with chilblain. PCR assay on skin lesion biopsy for parvovirus B19, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and SARS‐CoV‐2 was performed in a patient and resulted negative. We identified common precipitating and risk factors: physical (cold and wet extremities, low BMI), cold and wet indoor and outdoor environment, behaviours, habits and lifestyle. We therefore reached a diagnosis of primary chilblains.ConclusionsDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, a ‘cluster’ of primary chilblains developed in predisposed subjects, mainly teenagers, due to cold exposure in the lockdown period. Laboratory findings support our hypothesis, although it is also possible that an unknown infectious trigger may have contributed to the pathogenesis.
An Illustration of SARS‐CoV‐2 Dissemination Within a Skilled Nursing Facility Using Heat Maps
Authors: Blackman Carolyn , Farber Sharon , Feifer Richard A. , Mor Vincent , White Elizabeth M. 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVESTo illustrate dissemination and asymptomatic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) during a skilled nursing facility (SNF) outbreak.DESIGNCase report.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTSResidents of a 150‐bed SNF.MEASUREMENTSHeat maps generated by the SNF's infection prevention team to track staff and resident symptoms and SARS‐CoV‐2 test results to identify infection patterns.RESULTSThe SNF experienced a severe outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 early in the pandemic. The initial cluster of residents with symptoms and the first confirmed case occurred on the SNF's dementia care unit. The insufficient availability and prolonged turnaround time of testing for both residents and staff at the outset of the outbreak prevented timely and accurate identification and cohorting of cases. Despite extensive other infection control measures being in place, SARS‐CoV‐2 disseminated widely through the facility within 3 weeks of the first confirmed case, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality.CONCLUSIONEarly, rapid, universal SARS‐CoV‐2 testing of both SNF residents and staff at the outset of an outbreak and then repeatedly thereafter is critical to mitigate viral transmission. This will become even more important as states relax stay‐at‐home orders and SNF staff intermingle with communities that are increasingly mobile. Increased testing will inevitably result in more staff testing positive and having to self‐quarantine at home, meaning that states must partner with SNFs and other long‐term care providers to coordinate and support strategic staffing reserves that can supplement current frontline staff. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2174–2178, 2020.
The ovipositor actuation mechanism of a parasitic wasp and its functional implications
Authors: van Meer Noraly M. M. E. , Cerkvenik Uroš , Schlepütz Christian M. , van Leeuwen Johan L. , Gussekloo Sander W. S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractParasitic wasps use specialized needle‐like structures, ovipositors, to drill into substrates to reach hidden hosts. The external ovipositor (terebra) consists of three interconnected, sliding elements (valvulae), which are moved reciprocally during insertion. This presumably reduces the required pushing force on the terebra and limits the risk of damage whilst probing. Although this is an important mechanism, it is still not completely understood how the actuation of the valvulae is achieved, and it has only been studied with the ovipositor in rest position. Additionally, very little is known about the magnitude of the forces generated during probing. We used synchrotron X‐ray microtomography to reconstruct the actuation mechanism of the parasitic wasp Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Braconidae) in four distinct phases of the probing cycle. We show that only the paired first valvulae of the terebra move independently, while the second valvula moves with the metasoma (‘abdomen’). The first valvula movements are initiated by rotation of one chitin plate (first valvifer) with respect to another such plate (second valvifer). This is achieved indirectly by muscles connecting the non‐rotating second valvifer and the abdominal ninth tergite. Contrary to previous reports, we found muscle fibres running inside the terebra, although their function remains unclear. The estimated maximal forces that can be exerted by the first valvulae are small (protraction 1.19 mN and retraction 0.874 mN), which reduces the risk of buckling, but are sufficient for successful probing. The small net forces of the valvulae on the substrate may still lead to buckling of the terebra; we show that the sheaths surrounding the valvulae prevent this by effectively increasing the diameter and second moment of area of the terebra. Our findings improve the comprehension of hymenopteran probing mechanisms, the function of the associated muscles, and the forces and damage‐limiting mechanism that are involved in drilling a slender terebra into a substrate.
Primary facial demodicosis as a health problem and aesthetic challenge: A case report
Authors: Przydatek‐Tyrajska Renata , Sędzikowska Aleksandra , Bartosik Katarzyna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractColonization of skin by Demodex mites developing as a single facial lesion with a limited range is diagnosed relatively rarely. The presence of this type of skin lesions may hinder and thus delay the diagnostic process and application of appropriate treatment. The persistent cosmetic defect on the face is extremely onerous/embarrassing to the patient and impedes normal functioning. Describe a case of atypical presentation of primary facial demodicosis and its successful treatment. We present a case of a 38‐year‐old patient who consulted an aesthetic medicine doctor about a skin lesion, that is, erythematous‐papular lesion with single pustules persisting for more than half a year around the right eye corner and below the lower eyelid. Previous topical antibiotic treatment has proved ineffective. Diagnosis was targeted at detection of Demodex spp. invasion, which yielded a positive result. Targeted therapy with 1% topical ivermectin was implemented. Complete resolution of the skin lesions was observed after 8.5 weeks of the treatment with no further recurrence. In the case of limited scaly erythematous‐papular skin lesions with single pustules, Demodex mites should be considered as an etiological factor or one of the factors in the case of a mixed‐etiology lesion. A delayed diagnosis of visible lesions on facial skin has a negative impact on patient's well‐being and normal functioning. As diagnosis of primary demodicosis is underestimated, knowledge about this dermatosis and its clinical manifestations should be disseminated among cosmetologists and doctors of various specialties.
WELFARE AS EQUITY EQUIVALENTS
Authors: Berger Loïc , Emmerling Johannes 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEquity (or, its counterpart, inequity) plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of social welfare in different dimensions. In this paper, we revisit the concept of inequity – in the sense of unequal distributions – across individuals, time, and states of the world using a unified framework that generalizes the standard expected discounted utilitarianism approach. We propose a general measure of welfare as equity equivalents and a corresponding inequity index. We show that allowing for different attitudes toward inequity across different dimensions covers a scope of possible inequity preferences with different interpretations. We then prove that the order of aggregation across the different dimensions matters for welfare evaluations. Finally, we show that many of the welfare‐theoretical approaches recently developed in the literature can be interpreted as special cases of this general framework.
Sex‐Related Differences in the Effects of Sports‐Related Concussion: A Review
Authors: Koerte Inga K. , Schultz Vivian , Sydnor Valerie J. , Howell David R. , Guenette Jeffrey P. , Dennis Emily , Kochsiek Janna , Kaufmann David , Sollmann Nico , Mondello Stefania , Shenton Martha E. , Lin Alexander P. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTSports‐related concussion is a serious health challenge, and females are at higher risk of sustaining a sports‐related concussion compared to males. Although there are many studies that investigate outcomes following concussion, females remain an understudied population, despite representing a large proportion of the organized sports community. In this review, we provide a summary of studies that investigate sex‐related differences in outcome following sports‐related concussion. Moreover, we provide an introduction to the methods used to study sex‐related differences after sports‐related concussion, including common clinical and cognitive measures, neuroimaging techniques, as well as biomarkers. A literature search inclusive of articles published to March 2020 was performed using PubMed. The studies were reviewed and discussed with regard to the methods used. Findings from these studies remain mixed with regard to the effect of sex on clinical symptoms, concussion‐related alterations in brain structure and function, and recovery trajectories. Nonetheless, there is initial evidence to suggest that sex‐related differences following concussion are important to consider in efforts to develop objective biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of concussion. Additional studies on this topic are, however, clearly needed to improve our understanding of sex‐related differences following concussion, as well as to understand their neurobiological underpinnings. Such studies will help pave the way toward more personalized clinical management and treatment of sports‐related concussion.
Effects of honey types and heating treatment on the textural, thermal, microstructural, and chemical properties of glutinous rice flour gels
Authors: Seow Eng‐Keng , Tan Thuan‐Chew , Lee Lai Kuan , Easa Azhar Mat 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHardening issue in starch‐based products that arises during storage, is ascribed to the long‐term starch retrogradation which involves the recrystallisation of amylopectin. Present study aimed to delay storage hardening with the addition of high diastase honey bee honey (HBH) and low diastase kelulut bee honey (KBH) into glutinous rice flour (GRF) gels. As compared to KBH, retardation of texture deterioration by HBH was more prominent as evidenced by the significantly (p < .05) lowest hardness and rate of hardening of GRF gel added with HBH (honeygel) throughout the 7‐day storage. Heated honey and sugar solution did not reduce gel hardness that gel weakening was associated to the naturally occurring diastase in raw honey. Hence, only conventional GRF gel (congel), GRF gel added with KBH (kelugel) and honeygel were assessed for intrinsic viscosity, thermal, microstructural and chemical properties. The results were substantiated by the significantly (p < .05) lowest intrinsic viscosity (62.93 mL/g) and thermal enthalpy (333.7 J/g) of honeygel. A weak gel network structure was illustrated in honeygel with the significantly (p < .05) highest pore diameter (125.27 μm). In conclusion, the GRF gel has successfully demonstrated the potential of honey diastase in inhibiting the long‐term retrogradation which could solve the industrial real problem.
Learning Novel Word Meanings: An ERP Study on Lexical Consolidation in Monolingual, Inexperienced Foreign Language Learners
Authors: Liu Yushuang , van Hell Janet G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNovel word learning and consolidation was studied in inexperienced language learners, to conceptually replicate and extend a similar study in experienced learners by Bakker, Takashima, Van Hell, Janzen, and McQueen (2015). Participants learned definitions for novel words on Day 1 and for another set of novel words on Day 2. Brain potentials collected in a semantic relatedness task revealed that learned words elicited a late positive component (LPC) priming effect after 24 hours but not on the day of learning. On Day 8, all previously learned words elicited LPC priming effects, but failed to modulate the N400. While LPC modulation emerged immediately after learning in the previous study of experienced learners, novel word meanings were found lexicalized only on Day 2 for inexperienced learners. Together, the findings suggest that novel word meaning lexicalization is gradual, and that prior language learning experience speeds up the process.
Robust risk aggregation with neural networks
Authors: Eckstein Stephan , Kupper Michael , Pohl Mathias 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe consider settings in which the distribution of a multivariate random variable is partly ambiguous. We assume the ambiguity lies on the level of the dependence structure, and that the marginal distributions are known. Furthermore, a current best guess for the distribution, called reference measure, is available. We work with the set of distributions that are both close to the given reference measure in a transportation distance (e.g., the Wasserstein distance), and additionally have the correct marginal structure. The goal is to find upper and lower bounds for integrals of interest with respect to distributions in this set. The described problem appears naturally in the context of risk aggregation. When aggregating different risks, the marginal distributions of these risks are known and the task is to quantify their joint effect on a given system. This is typically done by applying a meaningful risk measure to the sum of the individual risks. For this purpose, the stochastic interdependencies between the risks need to be specified. In practice, the models of this dependence structure are however subject to relatively high model ambiguity. The contribution of this paper is twofold: First, we derive a dual representation of the considered problem and prove that strong duality holds. Second, we propose a generally applicable and computationally feasible method, which relies on neural networks, in order to numerically solve the derived dual problem. The latter method is tested on a number of toy examples, before it is finally applied to perform robust risk aggregation in a real‐world instance.
Barriers to healthy lifestyle behaviors in Australian nursing students: A qualitative study
Authors: Thwaite Tanya L. , Heidke Penny , Williams Susan L. , Vandelanotte Corneel , Rebar Amanda L. , Khalesi Saman 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStudying at university is stressful, which can lead to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. This study aimed to explore perceived reasons and barriers preventing Australian nursing students from engaging in a healthy lifestyle and strategies to overcome barriers. Fifty‐four bachelor of nursing students participated in seven focus groups between July and November 2018. Participants defined healthy lifestyle behaviors as eating well; regular physical activity; regular water consumption; limiting alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine; good sleep quality; stress management and relaxation; and regular social interaction and support. They identified individual (lack of motivation, existing bad habits, lack of knowledge), environmental (time, finances, limited access to healthy food and physical activity resources), and psychosocial (competing priorities, increased learning cognitive load, lack of social interaction and support, compassion fatigue, and shift work) barriers preventing healthy lifestyle. Participants proposed several individual and system‐related strategies to overcome barriers. Despite portraying a comprehensive understanding of healthy lifestyle behaviors, students reported finding difficulty in attaining healthy lifestyles. Strategies proposed by students may inform targeted interventions aiming to increase overall health of students, reduce attrition rates, and promote workforce retention post‐graduation.
GmVTL1a is an iron transporter on the symbiosome membrane of soybean with an important role in nitrogen fixation
Authors: Brear Ella M. , Bedon Frank , Gavrin Aleksandr , Kryvoruchko Igor S. , Torres‐Jerez Ivone , Udvardi Michael K. , Day David A. , Smith Penelope M. C. 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Legumes establish symbiotic relationships with soil bacteria (rhizobia), housed in nodules on roots. The plant supplies carbon substrates and other nutrients to the bacteria in exchange for fixed nitrogen. The exchange occurs across a plant‐derived symbiosome membrane (SM), which encloses rhizobia to form a symbiosome. Iron supplied by the plant is crucial for rhizobial enzyme nitrogenase that catalyses nitrogen fixation, but the SM iron transporter has not been identified.

We use yeast complementation, real‐time PCR and proteomics to study putative soybean (Glycine max) iron transporters GmVTL1a and GmVTL1b and have characterized the role of GmVTL1a using complementation in plant mutants, hairy root transformation and microscopy.

GmVTL1a and GmVTL1b are members of the vacuolar iron transporter family and homologous to Lotus japonicus SEN1 (LjSEN1), which is essential for nitrogen fixation. GmVTL1a expression is enhanced in nodule infected cells and both proteins are localized to the SM. GmVTL1a transports iron in yeast and restores nitrogen fixation when expressed in the Ljsen1 mutant. Three GmVTL1a amino acid substitutions that block nitrogen fixation in Ljsen1 plants reduce iron transport in yeast.

We conclude GmVTL1a is responsible for transport of iron across the SM to bacteroids and plays a crucial role in the nitrogen‐fixing symbiosis.
SeedGerm: a cost‐effective phenotyping platform for automated seed imaging and machine‐learning based phenotypic analysis of crop seed germination
Authors: Colmer Joshua , O'Neill Carmel M. , Wells Rachel , Bostrom Aaron , Reynolds Daniel , Websdale Danny , Shiralagi Gagan , Lu Wei , Lou Qiaojun , Le Cornu Thomas , Ball Joshua , Renema Jim , Flores Andaluz Gema , Benjamins Rene , Penfield Steven , Zhou Ji 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Efficient seed germination and establishment are important traits for field and glasshouse crops. Large‐scale germination experiments are laborious and prone to observer errors, leading to the necessity for automated methods. We experimented with five crop species, including tomato, pepper, Brassica, barley, and maize, and concluded an approach for large‐scale germination scoring.

Here, we present the SeedGerm system, which combines cost‐effective hardware and open‐source software for seed germination experiments, automated seed imaging, and machine‐learning based phenotypic analysis. The software can process multiple image series simultaneously and produce reliable analysis of germination‐ and establishment‐related traits, in both comma‐separated values (CSV) and processed images (PNG) formats.

In this article, we describe the hardware and software design in detail. We also demonstrate that SeedGerm could match specialists’ scoring of radicle emergence. Germination curves were produced based on seed‐level germination timing and rates rather than a fitted curve. In particular, by scoring germination across a diverse panel of Brassica napus varieties, SeedGerm implicates a gene important in abscisic acid (ABA) signalling in seeds.

We compared SeedGerm with existing methods and concluded that it could have wide utilities in large‐scale seed phenotyping and testing, for both research and routine seed technology applications.
Can palatal splint improve stability of segmental Le Fort I osteotomies?
Authors: Parizotto Julianna Oliveira Lima , Borsato Karina Tostes , Peixoto Adriano Porto , Bianchi Jonas , Cassano Daniel Serra , Gonçalves João Roberto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a palatal splint on stability in multi‐segment maxillary osteotomies.Setting and Sample PopulationRetrospective series of fifty‐one adult patients, consecutively operated with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) and three‐piece maxillary osteotomies, divided according to the use of a palatal splint (Group 1, n = 30) or no palatal splint (Group 2, n = 21).Materials and MethodsMaxillary surgical casts (T1) and post‐retention casts (T2), taken at least six months after discontinuation of orthodontic retention, were digitized (MicroScribe‐3DX), measured and compared. Fifty‐one landmarks were identified on the maxillary, transverse dimension changes and arch length were calculated. Longitudinal changes in all measurements were assessed by t test.ResultsPost‐surgical transverse instability in group 1 ranged from 0.3 ± 0.4 to −1.3 ± 0.2 mm and was statistically significantly smaller than in group 2 that ranged from −1.0 ± 0.3 to −2.5 ± 0.5 mm.ConclusionsThe use of a palatal splint after segmental Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy improved transverse stability in the posterior region. The post‐surgical transverse instability occurred only between canine gingival points and thus suggesting no clinical relevance.
COVID‐19 pandemic and Zagreb earthquakes as stressors in patients with temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Vrbanović Ema , Alajbeg Iva Z. , Alajbeg Ivan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate stress effect of COVID‐19 pandemic and Zagreb earthquakes on symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD).Materials and MethodsOne hundred and two previously diagnosed TMD patients were contacted by email to participate in an online survey about impact of those events on current and/or new symptoms, perceived stress, anxiety and symptom intensity in time‐points at the baseline, following pandemic and following earthquake. We compared data between earthquake‐affected and non‐affected respondents.ResultsResponse rate was 79.4%. Effects stress had on deterioration of symptoms were significantly different between earthquake‐affected and non‐affected (p = .024). In earthquake‐affected, numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) scores significantly increased between baseline and after COVID‐19 (p > .001) and between baseline and after earthquakes (p > .05). However, scores insignificantly dropped from COVID‐19 to after earthquakes time‐points. In earthquake‐affected, positive correlation was found between impact of COVID‐19 on stress and NPRS (p < .001) and between earthquakes’ impact on stress and NPRS (p < .001). Earthquake‐affected respondents reported significantly more new behavioral habits when compared to non‐affected (p = .048).ConclusionsA series of stressful events do not necessarily have a cumulative effect, but are likely to have a complex interaction (e.g., acute stress might trigger the protective mechanisms), which could have decreased pain scores after the earthquakes.