bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does prior ultrasonography affect the safety of induced abortion at or after 13 weeks’ gestation? A retrospective study
Authors: Kapp Nathalie , Griffin Risa , Bhattarai Navaraj , Dangol Deeb Shrestha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to assess whether ultrasonography prior to dilation and evacuation or medical abortion ≥13 weeks was correlated with safety.Material and methodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of patients undergoing abortion ≥13 weeks at eight sites in Nepal from 2015 to 2019.ResultsWe included 2294 women undergoing abortion ≥13 weeks (no upper gestational age limit); 593 underwent dilation and evacuation and 1701 had a medical abortion. Demographics differed by procedure for parity (19% vs 33% nulliparous, dilation and evacuation, and medical abortion) and gestational age (90% vs 52% were 13‐15 weeks, dilation and evacuation, and medical abortion). Ultrasonography was performed in 81% of cases overall. Complications were rare (<1% of dilations and evacuations, 1.4% of medical abortions). The most common adverse events with dilation and evacuation were hemorrhage and cervical laceration; three women required re‐aspiration. Following medical abortion, 13.5% had retained products, 12.9% with prior ultrasound and 16.3% who had not had an ultrasound. Hemorrhage and severe side‐effects occurred at similarly low rates regardless of whether ultrasonography was performed. In a logistic regression model where patient characteristics and case clustering within facilities were controlled for, we found a correlation between ultrasonography and complications when retained placenta was included in the model, but there was no correlation between ultrasonography and complications when retained placenta was excluded.ConclusionsThis study confirms low complication rates among women having an abortion ≥13 weeks’ gestation in healthcare facilities. Settings without universal availability of ultrasound may still maintain low, comparable complication rates.
Left ventricular unloading with transaortic Impella 2.5 implantation in a pediatric patient supported by extracorporeal life support
Authors: Sandoval Boburg Rodrigo , Mustafi Migdat , Magunia Harry , Kling Steffen , Schlensak Christian , Popov Aron‐Frederik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report the case of a 12‐year old female patient with Friedreich’s ataxia and diabetes mellitus. Due to a progressive multiorgan failure, a veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was implanted through the axillary vessels. However, due to a lack of ejection and severe dilatation of the left ventricle, an Impella 2.5 was implanted. Due to the small diameter of the femoral arteries, we performed a trans‐aortic implantation through a median sternotomy via a Dacron tube graft. We report on the procedure and perioperative outcome.
Laparoscopic mucosectomy for gastric duplication cysts that communicated with the spleen in a 10‐year‐old girl: A case report
Authors: Kohara Yuichiro , Zuo Shogo , Sawai Toshio , Kanehiro Hiromichi , Sho Masayuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report a case of laparoscopic mucosectomy for gastric duplication cysts that communicated with the spleen. A 10‐year‐old girl visited a local hospital with a chief complaint of intermittent left abdominal pain that had lasted for about 2 months. We diagnosed two gastric duplication cysts by ultrasonography and planned a laparoscopic extirpation. The elliptical masses were found in the splenic hilum and were 5 and 3 cm in diameter. The bigger one communicated with the spleen, so cystectomy could not be performed. Considering the risk of hemorrhage and the patient's age, we performed a mucosectomy rather than a partial splenectomy. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course. We histologically diagnosed gastric duplication cysts. Laparoscopic mucosectomy is a useful procedure for gastric duplication cysts that communicate with the spleen.
Quantitative relationship between infliximab exposure and inhibition of C‐reactive protein synthesis to support inflammatory bowel disease management
Authors: Grisic Ana‐Marija , Eser Alexander , Huisinga Wilhelm , Reinisch Walter , Kloft Charlotte 
Published: November 2020

AimQuantitative and kinetic insights into the drug exposure‐disease response relationship might enhance our knowledge on loss of response and support more effective monitoring of inflammatory activity by biomarkers in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with infliximab (IFX). This study aimed to derive recommendations for dose adjustment and treatment optimisation based on mechanistic characterisation of the relationship between IFX serum concentration and C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentration.MethodsData from an investigator‐initiated trial included 121 patients with IBD during IFX maintenance treatment. Serum concentrations of IFX, antidrug antibodies (ADA), CRP, and disease‐related covariates were determined at the mid‐term and end of a dosing interval. Data were analysed using a pharmacometric nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling approach. An IFX exposure‐CRP model was generated and applied to evaluate dosing regimens to achieve CRP remission.ResultsThe generated quantitative model showed that IFX has the potential to inhibit up to 72% (9% relative standard error [RSE]) of CRP synthesis in a patient. IFX concentration leading to 90% of the maximum CRP synthesis inhibition was 18.4 μg/mL (43% RSE). Presence of ADA was the most influential factor on IFX exposure. With standard dosing strategy, ≥55% of ADA+ patients experienced CRP nonremission. Shortening the dosing interval and co‐therapy with immunomodulators were found to be the most beneficial strategies to maintain CRP remission.ConclusionsWith the generated model we could for the first time establish a robust relationship between IFX exposure and CRP synthesis inhibition, which could be utilised for treatment optimisation in IBD patients.
Climatic and environmental changes in the Yana Highlands of north‐eastern Siberia over the last c. 57 000 years, derived from a sediment core from Lake Emanda
Authors: Baumer Marlene M. , Wagner Bernd , Meyer Hanno , Leicher Niklas , Lenz Matthias , Fedorov Grigory , Pestryakova Luidmila A. , Melles Martin 
Published: November 2020

The sediment succession of Lake Emanda in the Yana Highlands was investigated to reconstruct the regional late Quaternary climate and environmental history. Hydro‐acoustic data obtained during a field campaign in 2017 show laminated sediments in the north‐western and deepest (up to ̃15 m) part of the lake, where a ̃6‐m‐long sediment core (Co1412) was retrieved. The sediment core was studied with a multi‐proxy approach including sedimentological and geochemical analyses. The chronology of Co1412 is based on 14C AMS dating on plant fragments from the upper 4.65 m and by extrapolation suggests a basal age of c. 57 cal. ka BP. Pronounced changes in the proxy data indicate that early Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 was characterized by unstable environmental conditions associated with short‐term temperature and/or precipitation variations. This interval was followed by progressively colder and likely drier conditions during mid‐MIS 3. A lake‐level decline between 32.0 and 19.1 cal. ka BP was presumably related to increased continentality and dry conditions peaking during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). A subsequent rise in lake level could accordingly have been the result of increased rainfall, probably in combination with seasonally high meltwater input. A milder or wetter Lateglacial climate increased lake productivity and vegetation growth, the latter stabilizing the catchment and reducing clastic input into the lake. The Bølling‐Allerød warming, Younger Dryas cooling and Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) are indicated by distinct changes in the environment around Lake Emanda. Unstable, but similar‐to‐present‐day climatic and environmental conditions have persisted since c. 5 cal. ka BP. The results emphasize the highly continental setting of the study site and therefore suggest that the climate at Lake Emanda was predominantly controlled by changes in summer insolation, global sea level, and the extent of ice sheets over Eurasia, which influenced atmospheric circulation patterns.
Endothelin‐1 potentiates TRPV1‐mediated vasoconstriction of human adipose arterioles in a protein kinase C‐dependent manner
Authors: Korishettar Ankush M. , Nishijima Yoshinori , Wang Zhihao , Xie Yangjing , Fang Juan , Wilcox David A. , Zhang David X. 
Published: November 2020

Background and PurposeThe TRPV cation channels have emerged as important regulators of vascular tone. TRPV1 channels and endothelin‐1 are independently associated with the pathophysiology of coronary vasospasm, but the relationship between their vasomotor functions remains unclear. We characterized the vasomotor function of TRPV1 channels in human arterioles and investigated regulation of their vasomotor function by endothelin‐1.Experimental ApproachHuman arterioles (mainly from adipose tissue) were threaded on two metal wires, equilibrated in a physiological buffer at 37°C and exposed to increasing concentrations of capsaicin, with or without SB366791 (TRPV1‐selective inhibitor) or GF109203X (PKC‐selective inhibitor). Some arterioles were pre‐constricted with endothelin‐1 or phenylephrine or high potassium buffer. TRPV1 mRNA and protein expression in human arteries were also assessed.Key ResultsTRPV1 transcripts and proteins were detected in human resistance arteries. Capsaicin (1 μM) induced concentration‐dependent constriction of endothelium‐intact and endothelium‐denuded human adipose arterioles (HAA), which was significantly inhibited by SB366791. Pre‐constriction of HAA with endothelin‐1, but not high potassium buffer or phenylephrine, significantly potentiated capsaicin (0.1 μM)‐induced constriction. GF109203X significantly inhibited potentiation of capsaicin‐induced constriction by endothelin‐1.Conclusion and ImplicationsTRPV1 channels are expressed in the human vasculature and affect vascular tone of human arterioles on activation. Their vasomotor function is modulated by endothelin‐1, mediated in part by PKC. These findings reveal a novel interplay between endothelin‐1 signalling and TRPV1 channels in human VSMC, adding to our understanding of the ion channel mechanisms that regulate human arteriolar tone and may also contribute to the pathophysiology of coronary vasospasm.
No changes in nocturnal respiration with hypoglossal neurostimulation therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Bachour Adel , Bäck Leif , Pietarinen Petra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudy objectivesWe initiated Hypoglossal Neurostimulation therapy (HGNS) at the Helsinki University Hospital in late 2014. Here, we report our experience.MethodsWe included all 15 HGNS patients. All patients had previously failed both CPAP and oral appliance therapy for sleep apnoea. Overnight polysomnography parameters were analysed before and at 1.5 years with HGNS.ResultsMean ± SD patient age was 53 ± 6 years; 2 women and 13 men were included. Mean ± SD efficient CPAP level was 11.4 ± 3.4 cm H2O. Implantation technically succeeded in all patients. There were no significant changes of AHI and ODI4 after HGNS [median (quartile) 29.2/h (19.8‐38.7) versus 30.1/h (15.6‐52.6) and 15.0/h (5.9‐20) versus 12.5/h (6.9‐30.2) respectively].ConclusionWe did not observe significant changes in AHI and ODI4 indices with HGNS therapy. Larger multicentre randomised controlled trials are necessary before wider international use of HGNS.
Consequences of survey method for estimating hunters' harvest rates
Authors: Jones Sorrel C. Z. , Papworth Sarah K. , St. John Freya A. V. , Vickery Juliet A. , Keane Aidan M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHarvest data are widely used to understand hunting in tropical forests. However, survey methods are susceptible to biases which could affect results. We compare catch data from two approaches applied concurrently in the same villages (n = 7) in Gola Forest, Liberia: hunter recall interviews (n = 208 hunters, 253 trips) and continuous monitoring by village‐based assistants (n = 53 hunters, 404 trips). We use Bayesian multi‐level models to: (a) compare estimates of animals killed per trip for each data source; (b) test whether differences between villages are consistent across data sources and (c) identify potential sources of bias. Hunter recall produced higher, and more variable, catch estimates than village‐based monitoring, with mean of 7.3 animals [6.0–8.8 95%CI] compared to 3.0 [2.4–3.6], for a trip lasting 3.2 days (the average duration from village‐based monitoring). Mean catch‐per‐village from village‐based monitoring failed to predict hunter recall catch and villages with highest catch differed between methods. Differences in trip duration were a potential source of bias: hunter recall recorded longer, more variable, trips (mean 4.0 ± SD 3.0 days, range = 1–32) than village‐based monitoring (mean 3.2 ± SD 1.7, range = 1–10). Longer trips were associated with higher catch‐per‐day, use of guns, forest camps and accompaniment by another person; so nonrandom sampling of these traits may have introduced bias. Between‐hunter variability was lower with village‐based monitoring, suggesting sampling captured a less diverse subgroup of hunters, or that recall data were noisier due to reporting errors. Our results demonstrate that methodological biases can have large effects on catch estimates and should be carefully considered when designing or interpreting hunting studies.
Cutaneous follicle center lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation
Authors: Skala Stephanie L. , Harms Paul W. , Fullen Douglas R. , Brown Noah A. , Tejasvi Trilokraj , Wilcox Ryan A. , Boyer Daniel F. , Hristov Alexandra C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFollicle center lymphomas, including primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL), may rarely show plasmacytic differentiation. Such cases can pose a diagnostic challenge and can be mistaken for other lymphomas that more commonly include plasma cells. Here, we report four cases of PCFCL and one case of systemic follicular lymphoma involving the skin with associated monotypic plasma cells, including the clinical, morphologic and immunophenotypic features.
Defining the Museum: Struggling with a New Identity
Authors: Salguero Brenda 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the Virtual Issue “Defining the Museum: Struggling with a New Identity,” Brenda Salguero traces the history of defining museums, pointing to the ongoing challenge of capturing the essence of this professional field. This study shows that power and privilege have always influenced and continue to shape the museum sector’s image of itself. Ultimately, Salguero advocates for a new approach to museum definitions, one that acknowledges the difference between aspiration and achievement, and holds up definitions as a touchstone for the field to advance its work.
Inter‐individual variability in atrasentan exposure partly explains variability in kidney protection and fluid retention responses: A post hoc analysis of the SONAR trial
Authors: Koomen Jeroen V. , Stevens Jasper , Bakris George , Correa‐Rotter Ricardo , Hou Fan Fan , Kitzman Dalane W. , Kohan Donald , Makino Hirofumi , McMurray John J. V. , Parving Hans‐Henrik , Perkovic Vlado , Tobe Sheldon W. , de Zeeuw Dick , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether atrasentan plasma exposure explains between‐patient variability in urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) response, a surrogate for kidney protection, and B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) response, a surrogate for fluid expansion.MethodsType 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (n = 4775) received 0.75 mg atrasentan for 6 weeks in the active run‐in period. Individual area under the concentration‐time‐curve (AUC) was estimated using a population pharmacokinetic model. The association between atrasentan AUC, other clinical characteristics, and UACR and BNP response, was estimated using linear regression.ResultsThe median atrasentan AUC was 43.8 ng.h/mL with a large variation among patients (2.5th‐97.5th percentiles [P]: 12.6 to 197.5 ng.h/mL). Median UACR change at the end of enrichment was −36.0% and median BNP change was 8.7%, which also varied among patients (UACR, 2.5th‐97.5th P: −76.2% to 44.5%; BNP, 2.5th‐97.5th P: −71.5% to 300.0%). In the multivariable analysis, higher atrasentan AUC was associated with greater UACR reduction (4.88% per doubling in ng.h/mL [95% confidence interval {CI}: 6.21% to 3.52%], P < .01) and greater BNP increase (3.08% per doubling in ng.h/mL [95% CI: 1.12% to 4.11%], P < .01) independent of estimated glomerular filtration rate, haemoglobin or BNP. Caucasian patients compared with black patients had greater UACR reduction (7.06% [95% CI: 1.38% to 13.07%]) and also greater BNP increase (8.75% [95% CI: 1.65% to 15.35%]). UACR response was not associated with BNP response (r = 0.06).ConclusionAtrasentan plasma exposure varied among individual patients and partially explained between‐patient variability in efficacy and safety response.
Does the electrode amplification style matter? A comparison of active and passive EEG system configurations during standing and walking
Authors: Scanlon Joanna E. M. , Jacobsen Nadine Svenja Josée , Maack Marike C. , Debener Stefan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt has been stated that active‐transmission electrodes should improve signal quality in mobile EEG recordings. However, few studies have directly compared active‐ and passive‐transmission electrodes during a mobile task. In this repeated measurement study, we investigated the performance of active and passive signal transmission electrodes with the same amplifier system in their respective typical configurations, during a mobile auditory task. The task was an auditory discrimination (1,000 vs. 800 Hz; counterbalanced) oddball task using approximately 560 trials (15% targets) for each condition. Eighteen participants performed the auditory oddball task both while standing and walking in an outdoor environment. While walking, there was a significant decrease in P3 amplitude, post‐trial rejection trial numbers, and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). No significant differences were found in signal quality between the two electrode configurations. SNR and P3 amplitude were test‐retest reliable between recordings. We conclude that adequate use of a passive EEG electrode system achieves signal quality equivalent to that of an active system during a mobile task.
The neural bases of spatial attention and perceptual rhythms
Authors: Gaillard Corentin , Ben Hamed Suliann 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAttentional processes allow the brain to overcome its processing capacities limitations by enhancing relevant visual information and suppressing irrelevant information. Thus attention plays a critical role, shaping our perception of the world. Several models have been proposed to describe the neuronal bases of attention and its mechanistic underlyings. Recent electrophysiological evidence show that attentional processes rely on oscillatory brain activities that correlate with rhythmic changes in cognitive performance. In the present review, we first take a historical perspective on how attention is viewed, from the initial spotlight theory of attention to the recent dynamic view of attention selection and we review their supporting psychophysical evidence. Based on recent prefrontal electrophysiological evidence, we refine the most recent models of attention sampling by proposing a rhythmic and continuous model of attentional sampling. In particular, we show that attention involves a continuous exploration of space, shifting within and across visual hemifield at specific alpha and theta rhythms, independently of the current attentional load. In addition, we show that this prefrontal attentional spotlight implements conjointly selection and suppression mechanisms, and is captured by salient incoming items. Last, we argue that this attention spotlight implements a highly flexible alternation of attentional exploration and exploitation epochs, depending on ongoing task contingencies. In a last part, we review the local and network oscillatory mechanisms that correlate with rhythmic attentional sampling, describing multiple rhythmic generators and complex network interactions.
Association of oral health factors related to oral function with mortality in older Japanese
Authors: Saito Mizuki , Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Nonoyama Toshiya , Tadokoro Yasushi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effects of oral health factors related to oral function and their combination on mortality in older people.BackgroundRecent studies have reported that oral factors, including oral function, are associated with mortality.Materials and methodsThe participants were 4765 community‐dwelling individuals aged 75 and 80 years. The follow‐up period for survival or death was 3.5 years, and the date of death was defined based on data managed by the insurer. A Cox proportional hazard model was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality as dependent variables for oral health factors, including the number of teeth, swallowing disability, oral dryness and oral hygiene and the combinations of oral health factors as independent variables.ResultsIn univariate analyses, all four oral health factors were significantly associated with mortality. After adjusting for age, sex, smoking, body mass index and medical history, and analysing the oral health factors separately, swallowing difficulty had the highest HR for mortality (adjusted HR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.35‐3.33). In the analysis using combinations of oral health factors as the independent variable, the participants with swallowing disability, oral dryness and poor oral hygiene had the highest HR for mortality (adjusted HR, 8.35; 95% CI, 3.45‐21.08).ConclusionOral health factors related to oral function appear to be associated with mortality risk and an accumulation of oral health factors increases mortality risk among older people.
What can a home hemodialysis program offer to patients in a nursing home setting? A case series and feasibility analysis
Authors: Scarpioni Roberto , Ricardi Marco , Manini Alessandra , Chiappini Paola , Ballocchi Laura , Albertazzi Vittorio , DeAmicis Sara , Melfa Luigi , Rocca Chiara , Valsania Teresa , Blanco Valentina , Fenocchio Chiara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionOver the last decades, the number of elderly patients on dialysis has rapidly grown on account of increased life expectancy, improved care and reduced mortality rate. Therefore, cooperation between geriatricians and nephrologists has become mandatory for co‐managing kidney disease in these patients. Based on renewed interest in home hemodialysis (HHD), elderly patients may benefit from not being transported from their home for therapy.MethodsHere, we report our experience with HHD involving three elderly patients who were followed‐up over a 15‐months period in a nursing home.FindingsOur experience demonstrates that hospitalization abruptly dropped from 40 days to zero days, the need for erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESAs) diminished, transportation‐related costs for home treatments decreased, and quality of life (QoL) improved. This was confirmed by a questionnaire administered to our patients at the start and again after 6 months of HHD which evaluated the Physical Health Component Score (PCS) and the Mental Health Component Score (MCS).DiscussionHome hemodialysis may represent an important way to improve social, mental, and physical recovery, while also eliminating the cost of transportation and the discomfort of abandoning their “homes” and daily habits. Home hemodialysis is an effective alternative to in‐center HD or peritoneal dialysis (PD) that should be offered to elderly patients when a home caregiver is not available, nonetheless, nursing assistance is required. Moreover, HHD allows patients to stay at home, thereby avoiding several weekly trips to the dialysis center, and may be useful in reducing infections, especially in times of the COVID‐19 pandemic, as demonstrated by our experience.