bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of antibiotic resistance genes in the species of the rumen microbiota
Authors: Sabino Yasmin Neves Vieira , Santana Mateus Ferreira , Oyama Linda Boniface , Santos Fernanda Godoy , Moreira Ana Júlia Silva , Huws Sharon Ann , Mantovani Hilário Cuquetto 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInfections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria represent a therapeutic challenge both in clinical settings and in livestock production, but the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes among the species of bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants is not well characterized. Here, we investigate the resistome of 435 ruminal microbial genomes in silico and confirm representative phenotypes in vitro. We find a high abundance of genes encoding tetracycline resistance and evidence that the tet(W) gene is under positive selective pressure. Our findings reveal that tet(W) is located in a novel integrative and conjugative element in several ruminal bacterial genomes. Analyses of rumen microbial metatranscriptomes confirm the expression of the most abundant antibiotic resistance genes. Our data provide insight into antibiotic resistange gene profiles of the main species of ruminal bacteria and reveal the potential role of mobile genetic elements in shaping the resistome of the rumen microbiome, with implications for human and animal health.
A sodium-ion sulfide solid electrolyte with unprecedented conductivity at room temperature
Authors: Hayashi A. , Masuzawa N. , Yubuchi S. , Tsuji F. , Hotehama C. , Sakuda A. , Tatsumisago M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSolid electrolytes are key materials to enable solid-state rechargeable batteries, a promising technology that could address the safety and energy density issues. Here, we report a sulfide sodium-ion conductor, Na2.88Sb0.88W0.12S4, with conductivity superior to that of the benchmark electrolyte, Li10GeP2S12. Partial substitution of antimony in Na3SbS4 with tungsten introduces sodium vacancies and tetragonal to cubic phase transition, giving rise to the highest room-temperature conductivity of 32 mS cm−1 for a sintered body, Na2.88Sb0.88W0.12S4. Moreover, this sulfide possesses additional advantages including stability against humid atmosphere and densification at much lower sintering temperatures than those (>1000 °C) of typical oxide sodium-ion conductors. The discovery of the fast sodium-ion conductors boosts the ongoing research for solid-state rechargeable battery technology with high safety, cost-effectiveness, large energy and power densities.
The dualism between adatom- and vacancy-based single crystal growth models
Authors: Rost Marcel J. , Jacobse Leon , Koper Marc T. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn homoepitaxial crystal growth, four basic growth morphologies (idealized growth modes) have been established that describe the deposition of atoms on single crystal surfaces: step-flow, layer-by-layer, mound formation, and random/self-affine growth. Mound formation leads to nano-scale surface patterning. However, the formation of (nano)-islands, patterns, and roughness occurs also during ion bombardment, electrochemical etching and oxidation/reduction cycling. Here we show, in analogy to many particle/anti-particle formalisms in physics, the existence of the dualism between individual adatom and single vacancy growth modes. We predict that all standard adatom growth modes do exist also in their counter, vacancy version. For the particular case of mound formation, we derive the theoretical equations and show the inverse similarity of the solution. We furthermore treat simultaneous growth by adatoms and vacancies, and derive the analytical solution of the growth shape evolution of the mounds. Finally, we present an experimental verification, in which both adatom and vacancy mound formation are active. The theoretically predicted mound shape nicely fits the experimental observation.
Observation of quantum many-body effects due to zero point fluctuations in superconducting circuits
Authors: Léger Sébastien , Puertas-Martínez Javier , Bharadwaj Karthik , Dassonneville Rémy , Delaforce Jovian , Foroughi Farshad , Milchakov Vladimir , Planat Luca , Buisson Olivier , Naud Cécile , Hasch-Guichard Wiebke , Florens Serge , Snyman Izak , Roch Nicolas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractElectromagnetic fields possess zero point fluctuations which lead to observable effects such as the Lamb shift and the Casimir effect. In the traditional quantum optics domain, these corrections remain perturbative due to the smallness of the fine structure constant. To provide a direct observation of non-perturbative effects driven by zero point fluctuations in an open quantum system we wire a highly non-linear Josephson junction to a high impedance transmission line, allowing large phase fluctuations across the junction. Consequently, the resonance of the former acquires a relative frequency shift that is orders of magnitude larger than for natural atoms. Detailed modeling confirms that this renormalization is non-linear and quantum. Remarkably, the junction transfers its non-linearity to about thirty environmental modes, a striking back-action effect that transcends the standard Caldeira-Leggett paradigm. This work opens many exciting prospects for longstanding quests such as the tailoring of many-body Hamiltonians in the strongly non-linear regime, the observation of Bloch oscillations, or the development of high-impedance qubits.
Study on the gas desorption law and indicator influencing factors of fixed-size coal samples
Authors: Li Lei , Sun Zhongguang , Wang Fakai , Zhang Kaizhi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe prediction of dangerous hazards in working faces is an important link to prevent coal and gas outbursts. Improving the accuracy of predictive indicators is of great significance for reducing the phenomenon of being prominently below the critical value and ensuring safe production. The fixed-size desorption index K1 is one of the important indicators for coal face and gas outburst prediction. Based on the diffusion theory and the physical meaning of fixed-size coal samples, the mathematical expression of K1 is established by the self-developed high/low temperature pressure swing adsorption-desorption experimental system. According to the equation, the effects of gas pressure, loss time, coal particle size and diffusion coefficient on K1 are studied. The results show that the K1 index is logarithmically related to the gas pressure. Under the same conditions, the longer the loss time is, the smaller the measured K1 is, and the smaller the particle sizes of the drill cuttings are, the more notable the performance is; the diffusion coefficient represents the ability of gas to bypass micropores and the coal matrix. The greater the ability to bypass the matrix is, the larger the diffusion coefficient under the same conditions is, and the larger K1 is; the coal particle size has a greater influence on K1, and the smaller the size is, the more likely it is that the phenomenon of being prominently below the critical value occurs. Therefore, the particle size composition of coal during on-site measurements is crucial for obtaining the true K1 and the exact critical values.
Ultra-low-loss and large-effective-area fiber for 100 Gbit/s and beyond 100 Gbit/s coherent long-haul terrestrial transmission systems
Authors: Wang Dong , Li Yunbo , Zhang Dechao , Zhou Hongyan , Zhao Yang , Wang Lei , Tang Rui , Zhao Xin , Zhang Lei , Wu Jun , Wang Ruichun , Luo Jie , Zhao Wenyu , Li Han 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUltra-low-loss and large-effective-area fiber has been successfully applied in transoceanic transmission, which is considered as a promising candidate for 100 Gbit/s and beyond 100 Gbit/s coherent long-haul terrestrial optical networks. Several theoretical and experimental investigations have been reported, including provincial terrestrial field trial. To support long-haul terrestrial application, it is urgent to prove that the ultra-low-loss and large-effective-area fiber after terrestrial deployment can significantly enhance the performance of long-haul transmission over 1000 km compared with the conventional single mode fiber. In this paper, we extended our previous work and summarized design methods for complex terrestrial environment. To verify the fiber characteristics in long-haul terrestrial transmission, we installed the longest terrestrial ultra-low-loss and large-effective-area fiber link in the world with a total length of 1539.6 km. The results show that the transmission performances of wavelength-division-multiplexed signals with per-channel data rates of 100 Gbit/s, 200 Gbit/s, and 400 Gbit/s over the ultra-low-loss and large-effective-area fiber are all obviously improved, demonstrating that this fiber is more suitable for ultrahigh-speed long-haul terrestrial transmission.
Geometrid caterpillar in Eocene Baltic amber (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)
Authors: Fischer Thilo C. , Michalski Artur , Hausmann Axel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLepidoptera have little fossilization potential due to the presence of delicate structures and hence are exceptional findings, even in ambers that allow their preservation in sufficient detail for interpretation. From Eocene Baltic amber, the volumetrically largest known deposit of amber, there has been no reliable report of any member of the Macrolepidoptera (informal group of higher moths and all butterflies). Any such lepidopteran fossil would provide insight into evolutionary processes during the Eocene, long after flowering plants had completed their initial radiation. Here, we report on a first geometrid caterpillar from Baltic amber which is described as the oldest evidence for the subfamily Ennominae (tribe Boarmiini) and as one of the oldest records of the currently mega-diverse family. The new finding provides an important calibration point for molecular clock analyses within the family Geometridae and predates the basal divergence of Boarmiini from 32–38 to 44 Mya. It also predates the occurrence of this highly specialized form of caterpillar locomotion that allows for rapid movement.
D‐band waveguide‐to‐microstrip transition implemented in eWLB packaging technology
Authors: Hassona A. , Vassilev V. , He Z.S. , Zaman A. , Mariotti C. , Dielacher F. , Zirath H. 
Published: November 2019

This Letter presents a non‐galvanic D‐band (110–170 GHz) interconnect realised in embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) packaging technology. The interconnect consists of a patch‐radiator‐based waveguide transition implemented using one of the technology's redistribution layers. The patch radiates to a WR‐6.5 standard waveguide perpendicular to its plane. An electromagnetic band‐gap structure realised by metal patches is used to suppress undesired modes and improve the performance of the transition. The proposed solution is experimentally verified, and measurement results show that the transition exhibits an average insertion loss of 2 dB across the frequency range 122–146 GHz which, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is the lowest reported loss for a D‐band packaging solution in eWLB technology and hence addresses one of the main integration challenges facing millimetre‐wave systems.
Implantatassoziierte Pseudarthrosen – wie kann man sie vermeiden?
Authors: Bühren Volker , Hackl Simon , Augat Peter 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungFür den Erfolg der Knochenbruchheilung spielt die Wahl und Anwendung des Implantats für die Osteosynthese eine entscheidende Rolle. Begünstigende Faktoren für die Entwicklung von Pseudarthrosen sind Fehlstellungen und Instabilitäten, aber auch Infektionen des Implantatlagers. Bei der Auswahl des Implantats sind Lokalisation und Ausmaß der Fraktur sowie die vom Hersteller zugelassenen Indikationen bestimmende Faktoren. Für Gelenkbrüche einerseits und Schaftfrakturen andererseits lassen sich etablierte Prinzipien für Reposition und Fixation definieren. Ein Versagen des Implantats entsteht in der Regel durch Überlastung wegen verbliebener Fehlstellung und bei ausbleibender Frakturheilung, aber auch nach direkten Schädigungen der Metallstruktur zum Beispiel durch Anbohren oder durch mehrfaches Überbiegen. Eine besondere Rolle spielen klinisch offensichtliche wie auch schlummernde Infekte des Implantatlagers. Präventive Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung der Entstehung einer Pseudarthrose müssen im Sinne einer Prozessanalyse alle möglichen implantatbedingten Faktoren konsequent berücksichtigen.
Acute Impact of Recovery on the Restoration of Cellular Immunological
Homeostasis
Authors: Wahl Patrick , Mathes Sebastian , Bloch Wilhelm , Zimmer Philipp 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn view of the growing amount of (intense) training in competitive sports, quick
recovery plays a superior role in performance restoration. The aim of the
present study was to compare the effects of active versus passive
recovery during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval
training (SIT) protocols on acute alterations of circulating blood cells. Twelve
male triathletes/cyclists performed 1) a HIIT consisting of
4×4 min intervals, 2) a SIT consisting of 4×30s
intervals, separated by either active or passive recovery. Blood samples were
collected immediately before and at 0’, 30’, 60’ and
180’ (minutes) post-exercise. Outcomes comprised leukocytes,
lymphocytes, neutrophils, mixed cell count, platelets, cellular inflammation
markers (neutrophil/lymphocyte-ratio (NLR),
platelet/lymphocyte-ratio (PLR)), and the systemic immune-inflammation
index (SII). In view of HIIT, passive recovery attenuated the changes in
lymphocytes and neutrophils compared to active recovery. In view of SIT, active
recovery attenuated the increase in leukocytes, lymphocytes and absolute mixed
cell count compared to passive recovery. Both protocols, independent of
recovery, significantly increased NLR, PLR and SII up to 3h of recovery compared
to pre-exercise values. The mode of recovery influences short-term alterations
in the circulating fraction of leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and the
mixed cell count, which might be associated with different hormonal and
metabolic stress responses due to the mode of recovery.
Early Warning of Suspected Doping from Biological Passport Based on Multivariate Trends
Authors: Nunes António Júlio , Paixão Paulo , Proença Jorge , Silva RicardoJ.N Bettencourt da 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe indirect identification of doping in sports can be performed by assessing athletesʼ hematological perturbations from the analysis of blood collected on different occasions. Because prosecution for doping based on this information requires expensive and time-consuming interpretation of blood analysis results by various expert hematologists, mathematical data screening is performed to decide which cases should be forwarded to hematologists. The current Bayesian and univariate screening of data does not process the multivariate trends of blood parameters or take the time interval between samplings into account. This work presents a computational tool that overcomes these limitations by calculating a single score, the hematological perturbation index (HPIx), for which a threshold is defined above which hematologists should be asked to assess the athleteʼs biological passport. The doping detection from this index, normalized for days difference between samplings

based on 3, 4 or 5 consecutive samplings, is associated with true positive result rates (TP) not below 98% and false positive result rates (FP) less than 0.9%. Therefore, this tool can be useful as an early warning system of hematological perturbations to decide which athletes should be more closely monitored and which biological passports should be forwarded to hematologists for medical interpretation of data.
Protein-Degrading Enzymes in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Pu Peidong , Qingyuan Ma , Weishan Wang , Fei Han , Tengyang Ma , Weiping Zhou , Zhoujun Zhu , Mengyu Wang , Chao Wang , Chong Shi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjective TGFβ1 plays an important role in the metabolism of articular cartilage and bone; however, the pathological mechanism and targets of TGFβ1 in cartilage degradation and uncoupling of subchondral bone remodeling remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the relationship between TGFβ1 and major protein-degrading enzymes, and evaluated the role of high levels of active TGFβ1 in the thickening of subchondral bone and calcification of articular cartilage.Materials and Methods The expression of TGFβ1 and protein-degrading enzymes in clinical samples of articular cartilage and subchondral bone obtained from the knee joint of patients with osteoarthritis was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of TGFβ1, MMP-3, MMP-13 and IL-1β in cartilage and subchondral bone tissues were detected by absolute real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The expression of TGFβ1, nestin and osterix in subchondral bone was detected by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The degree of subchondral bone thickening was determined by micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging.Results Expression of TGFβ1 and cartilage-degrading enzymes was higher in the cartilage-disrupted group than that in the intact group. Furthermore, expression of TGFβ1, nestin and osterix was significantly higher in the OA group than that in the control group. Micro-CT imaging showed that in the OA group, the subchondral bone plate is thickened and the density is increased. The trabecular bone structure is thick plate-like structure, the thickness of the trabecular bone is increased and the gap is small.Conclusions The data suggest that highly active TGFβ1 activates the expression of cartilage-degrading enzymes. Abnormally activated TGFβ1 may induce formation of the subchondral bone and expansion of the calcified cartilage area, eventually leading to degradation of the cartilage tissue.
Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) Phenolic Extract Modulates Lymphocyte Subsets and Humoral Immune Response in Mice
Authors: Lis Magdalena , Szczypka Marianna , Suszko-Pawłowska Agnieszka , Sokół-Łętowska Anna , Kucharska Alicja , Obmińska-Mrukowicz Bożena 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) phenolic extract on lymphocyte subsets in the lymphoid organs in nonimmunized mice and on humoral immune response in sheep red blood cell-immunized mice. Hawthorn phenolic extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) was administered orally five or ten times. Sheep red blood cells were injected 24 h after administration of the last extract dose. The lymphocyte subsets were assessed 24 and 72 h after the last dose. Humoral immune response was determined 4 and 7 days after immunization. Five doses of the extract decreased the percentage of CD4−CD8− and CD4+ thymocytes but elevated the percentage of CD4+CD8+ and CD8+ thymic cells. The extract increased the total number, percentage, and absolute count of T and B splenocytes. When administered five times, it lowered the percentage of T lymphocytes, but boosted the population of B lymphocytes of mesenteric lymph nodes (after 24 h). However, a rise in the population of T lymphocytes was observed 72 h after five and ten doses. The extract administered ten times elevated the number of plaque-forming cells and total anti-sheep red blood cell hemagglutinin titer but reduced the 2-ME-resistant antibody titer (day 7). At the same time, five doses of the extract increased antibody titers. Considering its impact on lymphocyte subsets and humoral immune response, hawthorn extract may be used as an immunomodulator.
Comparison of Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Parturients With and Without a Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Freitas Inês Carolina Siqueira , Hintz Micheli Cristiane , Orth Larissa Chaiane , Rosa Tamara Gonçalves da , Iser Betine Moehlecke , Psendziuk Carine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective The present study aims to compare the maternal and fetal outcomes of parturients with and without a gestational diabetes diagnosis.
Methods A case-control study including parturients with (cases) and without (control) a gestational diabetes diagnosis, who delivered at a teaching hospital in Southern Brazil, between May and August 2018. Primary and secondary data were used. Bivariate analysis and a backward conditional multivariate logistic regression were used to make comparisons between cases and controls, which were expressed by odds ratio (OR), with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI) and a statistical significance level of 5%.
Results The cases (n = 47) were more likely to be 35 years old or older compared with the controls (n = 93) (p < 0.001). The cases had 2.56 times greater chance of being overweight (p = 0.014), and a 2.57 times greater chance of having a positive family history of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference regarding weight gain, presence of a previous history of gestational diabetes, height, or delivery route. The mean weight at birth was significantly higher in the infants of mothers diagnosed with diabetes (p = 0.01). There was a 4.7 times greater chance of macrosomia (p < 0.001) and a 5.4 times greater chance of neonatal hypoglycemia (p = 0.01) in the infants of mothers with gestational diabetes.
Conclusion Therefore, maternal age, family history of type 2 diabetes, obesity and pregestational overweightness are important associated factors for a higher chance of developing gestational diabetes.
Sellar Colloid Cyst—An Anatomically Aberrant and Diagnostically Challenging Entity: Report of a Rare Case with Literature Review
Authors: Ali Syed Asmat , Gaur Kavita , Srivastava Arvind Kumar , Saran Ravindra Kumar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe sellar colloid cyst is a rare entity anatomically occurring at the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. Clinically a cystic sellar lesion with pressure effects usually evokes the suspicion of a pituitary adenoma. We present the case of a middle-aged woman presenting with visual diminution and bilateral optic atrophy, caused by a large sellar lesion, variably intense on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The subsequent histologic diagnosis of a colloid cyst was unexpected. This report highlights the subtle intraoperative and diagnostic features key to diagnosing this rarity. We also discuss a practical differential diagnostic approach relevant to the practicing surgeon and review the existing literature.
Wrapping in Ascending Aortic Aneurysms as an Alternative for Replacement: Is It Beneficial?
Authors: Ostovar Roya , Laux Magdalena L. , Braun Christian , Hartrumpf Martin , Claus Thomas , Schröter Filip , Albes Johannes M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Prosthetic replacement of aneurysms of the ascending aorta is the gold standard in terms of long-term stability. Wrapping seems to be a less invasive procedure. It has not yet been shown if it is as safe in terms of long-term outcome.
Methods We present a single-center analysis of our experience over 13 years. We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who received either aortic prosthetic wrapping (AW) or aortic prosthetic replacement (AR) with or without aortic valve replacement and assessed them through phone calls. We used propensity score matching to adjust the baseline of the groups.
Results Before propensity matching, 144 patients received AW and 91 patients underwent AR. Mean age was 64 ± 11.8 years. After propensity score matching and adjusting for significant differences in age, gender, body mass index, logistic EuroSCORE I, and left ventricular function, 69 patients in each group remained for further analysis. Rate of early reoperation due to tamponade, inhospital mortality, and survival rates did not differ. In both groups, the surgically treated aortic segment did not show enlargement, whereas the nontreated aortic arch showed comparable aneurysmatical progression.
Conclusions AW is safe and feasible and can be used in elderly or frail patients in order to avoid an AR. Progression of the remaining native aortic segments occurs, thus requiring strict life-long follow-up to ensure an elective and thus safe approach for appropriate consecutive surgical measures, if required.