bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Effects of Interaction of Single-Tine and Rotating-Tine Mechanisms with Soil on Weeding Performance Using Simulated Weeds
Authors: Kshetri Safal , Jiken Jafni Johari , Steward Brian L. , Tang Lie , Tekeste Mehari Z. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Mechanical weeding augmented with automation technology should result in highly effective weeding systems. However, the interaction between weeding mechanisms and soil is not well understood. Moreover, soil is highly variable, which makes studying this interaction challenging. The main objective of this research was to develop a method to investigate the effects of mechanical tool-soil interaction on weeding performance for different operating conditions in a controlled environment. Experiments were conducted in an indoor soil bin with loam soil, and the weeding performance was studied using small wooden cylinders as simulated weed plants. The investigations featured a single cylindrical tine and a rotating tine mechanism, vertically oriented and inserted into the soil. The total width of soil disturbance and potential weeding rate were evaluated for the single cylindrical tine at different levels of three operating parameters: tine diameter (6.35, 7.94, and 9.53 mm), working soil depth (25.4, 50.8, and 76.2 mm), and tine speed (0.23 and 0.45 m s-1). Potential weeding rate was examined for the rotating tine mechanism with two operating parameters: working soil depth (25.4 and 76.2 mm) and rotational speed (25, 50, and 100 rpm). Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA at p &lt; 0.05. A simulation of the rotating tine mechanism was developed that estimated the disturbed area. For the single tine, soil disturbance width was independent of tine speed; however, tine diameter and depth had significant effects, as the width increased with increased levels of these two parameters. All three parameters had significant effects on the potential weeding rate of the single tine, and the rates were observed to increase with higher levels of the parameters. For the rotating tine mechanism, both depth and rotational speed were significant. The potential weeding rate for the rotating tine mechanism was found to increase with higher levels of these parameters. The results showed that although the width of soil disturbance due to a cylindrical tine was affected by the tine diameter and working soil depth, operating parameters such as increased longitudinal and rotational speeds also affected plant disturbance. The percentage of disturbed soil area in the simulation followed similar patterns as the percentage of disturbed plants observed in the experiments. Keywords: Inter-row weeding, Intra-row weeding, Mechanical weeding, Rotating tine mechanism, Soil disturbance, Tine.
The Effectiveness of Air Ionization in Reducing Bioaerosols and Airborne PRRS Virus in a Ventilated Space
Authors: La Amy , Zhang Qiang , Levin David B. , Coombs Kevin M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The presence of bioaerosols in swine production facilities affects the respiratory health of swine workers and pigs. Air ionization (AI) is an affordable technology for removing bioaerosols in the air. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of AI on aerosols in a ventilated space in terms of reduction in aerosol concentration, changes in particle size distribution, and reduction of airborne Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV). Experiments were performed in a two-chamber system in which aerosols containing PRRSV were introduced. Tests were conducted for two ventilation rates of 34 and 136 m3 h-1 and two aerosol generation rates of 14.8 and 33.0 mL h-1. The aerosol concentration and size distribution were measured with an aerosol particle size spectrometer. The average reduction in geometric mean diameter of aerosols by AI treatment ranged from 8% to 53%, and reduction in aerosol concentration ranged from 68% to 96%. Ventilation rate was found to affect the efficiency of AI in reducing aerosol concentration; the removal efficiency decreased with increased ventilation rate. The removal efficiency of AI varied with particle size. Specifically, at the low airflow rate, the removal efficiency of AI increased sharply with particle size from 70% at 0.25 µm to 95% at 0.6 µm and reached 100% for particles larger than 6 µm. At the high airflow rate, the removal efficiency varied between 50% to 80% before reaching 100% removal for particles sizes of 7 to 9 µm. The average reduction in PRRSV concentration ranged from 68% to 96%, and the residual PRRSV remaining in the air after treatment ranged from 154 to 4593 viral genome copy number (VGCN) m-3. Ozone generation by the AI system was not measured in this study, and it may be a concern due to the health risk to pigs and workers when using AI systems for removing bioaerosols. Keywords: Air ionization, Air quality, Bioaerosols, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Swine.
Evaluation of Sediment Load Reduction by Natural Riparian Vegetation in the Goodwin Creek Watershed
Authors: Momm Henrique G. , Yasarer Lindsey M. W. , Bingner Ronald L. , Wells Robert R. , Kunhle Roger A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Natural riparian vegetation can contribute to edge-of-field filtering of nonpoint-source (NPS) pollutants and function as a conservation structure. The challenge resides in quantifying the performance of riparian vegetation. In this study, the impact of natural and constructed riparian vegetation in reducing sediment loads was evaluated at field and watershed scales in the Goodwin Creek experimental watershed using the Annualized Agriculture Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) watershed pollutant model. Detailed characterization of actual natural riparian vegetation was performed with the AGNPS-Buffer GIS tool (AGBUF), and the results were integrated with the AnnAGNPS model to estimate suspended sediment concentrations at the edges of fields and at the watershed outlet. The specific objectives focused on natural vegetation characterization, quantification of sediment trapping efficiency (TE), and comparison of sediment loads of different particle sizes under contrasting alternative scenarios with varying buffer widths and concentrated flow path (CFP) assumptions. Simulation results indicated that the potential of natural riparian vegetation to reduce sediment yield differed for clay, silt, and sand particle sizes. Evaluation of the simulation describing actual conditions but with varying CFP assumptions indicated improved agreement with the observed values when an increasing number of CFPs was considered. Simulation results demonstrated the importance of maintenance to prevent CFPs, as comparisons of simulations containing constructed buffer alternatives suggested that narrower well-maintained buffers can be as efficient as wider buffers containing CFPs and have the potential to remove less land from production. Keywords: AnnAGNPS, Buffer trapping efficiency, Integrated field and watershed scales, Natural riparian buffers, Watershed modeling.
DELIK ZINA : UNSUR SUBSTANSIAL DAN PENYELESAIANNYA DALAM MASYARAKAT ADAT MADURA
Authors: Rozah Umi , Indarti Erlyn 
Published: October 2019

Kehidupan masyarakat Madura ditopang prinsip religius dan komunal yang digunakan dalam menyepakati perbuatan yang dilarang dan mekanisme penyelesaiannya. Permasalahan artikel ini adalah unsur substansial dalam delik zina menurut masyarakat madura dan mekanisme penyelesaian delik zina dalam masyarakat adat madura. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui unsur substansial delik zina menurut masyarakat madura, dan mengetahui mekanisme penyelesaiannya. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan pendekatan sociolegal research, dengan Informan ditentukan menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian : 1. Unsur substansial perbuatan zina terdiri atas : persetubuhan antara laki-laki dan perempuan, keduanya atau salah satunya terikat perkawinan, persetubuhan kedua pelakunya atau salah satu pelakunya tidak terikat perkawinan . 2. Penyelesaian perbuatan zina pada masyarakat Madura melalui carok, yaitu pembunuhan untuk mempertahankan martabat dan harga diri keluarga.
BAIL-IN DAN INTERCONNECTEDNESS: ISU HUKUM STRATEGIS DALAM PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGANAN KRISIS SISTEM KEUANGAN
Authors: Abubakar Lastuti , Handayani Tri 
Published: October 2019

Undang-Undang No. 9 Tahun 2016 tentang Pencegahan dan Penanganan Krisis Sistem Keuangan mengatur prinsip-prinsip dalam pencegahan dan penanganan krisis sistem keuangan yang tidak diatur sebelumnya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menganalisis implementasi prinsip bail in dan interconnectedness dalam pencegahan dan penanganan krisis sistem keuangan. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian bersifat deskriptif analitis, dan data dianalisis secara yuridis kualitatif. Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa implementasi bail-in dalam penanganan bank sistemik dilakukan dengan mengoptimalkan kemampuan bank baik melalui penambahan modal (capital surcharge) maupun pengubahan utang atau investasi menjadi penyertaan (debt to equity swap). Saling keterkaitan (interconnectedness) antara sektor jasa keuangan menuntut adanya kebijakan makroprudensial yang bersifat melengkapi kebijakan mikroprudensial dan pengawasan sektor jasa keuangan yang terintegrasi.
Proč a jak vyučovat dějiny vědy?
Authors: Poupová Jana 
Published: October 2019

Studie upozorňuje na přínos, který může mít začlenění dějin vědy do školní výuky. Sleduje historii výuky dějin vědy od prvních náznaků z Anglie 2. poloviny 19. století přes dobu jejího rozkvětu v poválečných letech až po její proniknutí do kurikulárních dokumentů řady evropských zemí na sklonku 20. století. Uvádí také hlavní mezníky ve výuce dějin vědy v Česku a shrnuje argumenty, kterými se obhajovalo zavádění výuky dějin vědy (například lepší poznání povahy vědy nebo zlidštění odtažitého světa vědy). Na příkladu dějin biologie hodnotí vyzkoušené metody jejich výuky (například využívání případových studií, životopisů či původních vědeckých textů). Blíže posuzuje výhody a nevýhody konstruktivistického a instrumentálního způsobu výuky dějin biologie a navádí učitele, jak ve výuce využít silné stránky obou přístupů.
Recognition of prior learning of English: Test or assess?
Authors: Pilkinton-Pihko Diane , Suviniitty Jaana , Kauppinen Tomi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLiving in learning societies encourages learning outside the classroom. Alongside this reality, higher education institutions have been incorporating policies and procedures that support recognition of prior learning (RPL). This development means establishing adequate RPL assessment practices. Our empirical study at the Aalto University Language Centre investigates the networked nature of prior learning among RPL seekers as a means to inform the RPL of English assessment. To examine this, we gathered anonymous data on the type and range of prior learning among 273 students seeking RPL of English. This preliminary study showed three elementary prior learning types: work experience, self-study and leisure activities – which primarily involved using English as a lingua franca. To discover and visualise frequently co-occurring activities, we employed data mining. The analysis revealed the networked nature of prior learning of English. Moreover, the common working-life tasks that emerged from the data differ greatly from those in the RPL of English test. The difference implies that a learner-centred assessment, such as a portfolio, would be a better alternative for RPL than formal testing. It also implies that the English curriculum needs to be updated to align it better with industry needs.
Discourse functions in a dialogic speaking test task
Authors: Varcasia Cecilia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper explores, through the use of the observation checklist and Conversation Analysis (CA), the discourse functions elicited by the dialogic task of the Free University of Bolzano (IT) speaking test. It aims to contribute to content validation, which has been claimed to be especially relevant in paired speaking tests, where interaction is co-constructed by participants. Lazaraton has argued that the investigation of the process of the assessment of speaking competences represents, for todays’ research, a question of almost the same importance as outcome scores. The paper investigates the predictions of the construct through the actual elicitation of functions in the task performance of the test. Results are analysed qualitatively with respect to informational, interactional, and management-of-interaction functions. Some quantitative analysis was also conducted to determine the relative frequency of each function. Outcomes were found to be in line with previous research in the proportion of use of the three different types of functions, informational, interactional and management of interaction. The paper finally discusses the advantages and disadvantages of exploring test content through the lenses of observation checklists and CA, the first providing a general framework in which discourse functions can be outlined, and the second providing a more fine-tuned view of the data and of the complexity of exploitation of each function.
Focus on management and leadership in language centres: The needs and challenges of a language centre director
Authors: Rontu Heidi , Tuomi Ulla-Kristiina , Gekeler Petra , Pérez Guillot Cristina , Schaffner Sabina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe organisational status and the main tasks of a university language centre are given different interpretations in different universities. Some language centres find themselves in a challenging situation where the centre’s existence seems to be at stake, whereas others prosper and find positively encouraging opportunities for the future. All this is reflected in the work of language centre directors across Europe. To discuss these challenges and to further develop the cooperation of directors, a Focus Group on Management and Leadership has been established by CercleS. The aim of the focus group is to create a low threshold-network for directors for sharing challenges and questions and by doing this to provide collegial support in management and leadership issues. The focus group conducted a survey in 2015 to learn more about the management and leadership challenges and the support needs of directors. In this paper, we will discuss the results of the focus group survey. The target is to discern common themes and develop recommendations for directors’ future professional cooperation. There will be a particular focus on sharing experiences and ideas for strategy work, staff development and funding, by creating a supportive professional network. Such a network includes a coaching and mentoring system for directors within the CercleS member language centres. The common theme is empowerment: supporting directors in a collegial framework to share experiences, develop their centres further, and increase their own personal well-being at work.
Apprenticing future economists: Analysing an ESP course through the lens of the new CEFR extended framework
Authors: Portman Daniel , Broido Monica 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Increasingly, professionally-oriented tertiary institutions are concerned with equipping their students with the English language skills needed in today’s global professional world. The recently extended 2018 Common European Framework (CEFR) provides useful guidance to help institutions develop curricula to achieve this goal. This paper describes an advanced English for Economics course, whose aim is to facilitate economics students’ traversal from student to professional, in terms of English can-dos (mostly B2–C1), as described in the 2018 CEFR Companion Volume. The pedagogy informing the course is three-pronged, drawing on English for Specific Purposes, twenty-first century skills, and the CEFR. We show how analysing such a course through the CEFR can help devise an anticipated learning trajectory for economics students about to enter the professional world. Our analysis highlights the fact that even though the newly extended CEFR does mention plurilingualism in the mediation can-dos, it does so only in terms of individual production. In the twenty-first century language classroom, where plurilingualism is part and parcel of understanding and carrying out the required tasks, much work is carried out in groups, with technology playing a key role in language mediation. We find that group and technology-assisted mediation activities are substantially different to the individually-oriented mediation activities described in the extended framework. Therefore, we suggest fine tuning, and perhaps adding, mediation can-dos to reflect the realities of tertiary pedagogical settings preparing learners for twenty-first century professional environments.
Comparative study on the antioxidant activities of ten common flower teas from China
Authors: Hu Xiao-Fang , Ding Zong-Bao , Chen Yue , Luo Jiang-Fu , He Jian-Min , Yin Tian-Peng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFlower teas are widely consumed across the world because of their beneficial health effects. The antioxidant activities of methanol extracts from ten common flower teas in China were evaluated using four antioxidant assays. The total phenolic (TPCs) and total flavonoid contents (TFCs) were also investigated. Most of these flower teas exhibited potent antioxidant effects, of which rosae rugosae flos exerted the strongest antioxidant effects in four assays. Rosae rugosae flos also exerted the highest TPC, while fragrans showed the highest TFC. Correction analysis indicated that phenolics play a key role in the antioxidant effect of flower teas, while flavonoids were poorly correlated with antioxidant activity. The results supported the consumption of flower teas as functional foods and their application as sources of natural antioxidants in the food industry.
Effect of Boundary Conditions on Residual Stresses and Distortion in 316 Stainless Steel Butt Welded Plate
Authors: Venkatkumar Dhayanithi , Ravindran Durairaj 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the present work, the prediction of residual stresses and distortion due to GTA welding process, a Finite Element (FE)Method has been developed and applied. Stainless steel plate of 3mm thickness is taken for the analysis. The prediction of residual stresses and distortion is performed by thermal and mechanical analysis that is sequentially coupled. The thermal analysis and mechanical analysis of the plate subjected to heat source movement have been studied consecutively. The FE analysis is performed in ANSYS software. In transient thermal analysis, Gaussian distribution model has been used for heat input of the arc. During modeling, the physical and mechanical properties that depend on temperature are considered. The heat transfer losses through all the three mechanisms are incorporated. For validating the FE simulated analysis, an experiment is conducted. The predicted thermal histories are very close agreement with measured thermocouple readings. After validation of thermal analysis results, the transient thermal histories are used as input for further mechanical analysis to simulate. The large displacement theory is used to conduct mechanical analysis. The effect of constraints on distortion and residual stresses are numerically studied. The predicted stresses and distortion results of different cases are discussed and presented.
The Subject and the Real: Ethical Implications of A. Badiou’s Philosophy
Authors: Pocius Kasparas 
Published: October 2019

Alain Badiou’s theory of ethics of the subject implies that the individual interpellation of the symbolic plane could be secondary to the truth process, which grounds the formation of the subject. We arrive at the hypothesis that the subject of the interpellation is already a subject of truth when the symbolic interpellation process starts.In the paper, two contemporary ethical orientations are emphasized: democratic materialism, which comprises the idealism created by market laws, and a materialist dialectic, which opens the possibility of the subject’s formation during the struggles. However, Badiou’s attempts to create an alternative symbolic plane – a historical plane – do not seem reassuring; therefore, one must look at the event-producing-history from the psychoanalytical perspective.The theory of drives opens the possibility to relate Badiou’s subject to the repressed real, to show him as immune to the desire, which may be derived from a symbolical plane, and able to ground his struggles with revolutionary jouissance while not allowing history to end too early.
On the etiological relevance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in superficial and deep infections – a hypothesis-forming, retrospective assessment
Authors: Frickmann Hagen , Hahn Andreas , Berlec Stefan , Ulrich Johannes , Jansson Moritz , Schwarz Norbert Georg , Warnke Philipp , Podbielski Andreas 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are important causes of severe diseases like blood stream infections. This study comparatively assessed potential differences in their impact on disease severity in local and systemic infections.
Methods: Over a 5-year interval, patients in whom either E. coli or S. aureus was detected in superficial or primary sterile compartments were assessed for the primary endpoint death during hospital stay and the secondary endpoints duration of hospital stay and infectious disease as the main diagnosis.
Results: Significance was achieved for the impacts as follows: Superficial infection with S. aureus was associated with an odds ratio of 0.27 regarding the risk of death and of 1.42 regarding infectious disease as main diagnosis. Superficial infection with E. coli was associated with a reduced duration of hospital stay by −2.46 days and a reduced odds ratio of infectious diseases as main diagnosis of 0.04. The hospital stay of patients with E. coli was increased due to third-generation cephalosporin and ciprofloxacin resistance, and in the case of patients with S. aureus due to tetracycline and fusidic acid resistance.
Conclusions: Reduced disease severity of superficial infections due to both E. coli and S. aureus and resistance-driven prolonged stays in hospital were confirmed, while other outcome parameters were comparable.
DISTRIBUSI KAPAL IKAN PADA FASE BULAN GELAP DAN TERANG BERDASARKAN DATA SENSOR VISIBLE INFRARED IMAGING RADIOMETER SUITE (VIIRS) DI LAUT JAWA
Authors: Lumban-Gaol Jonson , Arhatin Risti Endriani , Syah Achmad Fachrudin , Kushardono Dony , Lubis Jordan Tito , Amanda Nabilla Dhani , Amanda Yustie , Octavia Widya 
Published: October 2019

Kami menggunakan data harian sensor satelit Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) untuk pemetaan distribusi kapal-kapal ikan yang menggunakan cahaya untuk operasi penangkapan ikan selama periode 2015-2017 di Laut Jawa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan distribusi kapal-kapal ikan yang menggunakan cahaya untuk operasi penangkapan ikan antara fase bulan terang dan fase bulan gelap. Survei lapangan dilakukan untuk mengetahui jenis kapal ikan yang menggunakan cahaya lampu untuk operasi penangkapan ikan. Kami menganalisis perbedaan distribusi kapal penangkap ikan antara bulan terang dan bulan gelap di Laut Jawa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah rata-rata kapal penangkap ikan menggunakan lampu untuk operasi penangkapan ikan di fase bulan terang badalah 230 unit sedangkan fase bulan gelap adalah 1.118 unit. Analisis statistik uji-t menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik antara rata-rata jumlah kapal ikan pada fase bulan terang dan bulan gelap.